tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appropriate interpretation of longitudinal spirometry assessments
Authors: Stephanie Rees, Jane Kirkby, Emma Fettes, Aidan Laverty, Paul Aurora
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Recommendations for spirometry interpretation have used reference equations based on white subjects switching from paediatric to adult ranges after 18 years of age, with limitations previously described. Aims: In 2012, the Global Lung function Initiative (GLI) released reference equations providing a continuous equation from 3 to 95 years and adjusting for ethnic differences. This case study compared spirometry based on Rosenthal/ECCS with GLI predicted equations. Methods: Seventeen spirometry assessments performed in a Black subject (age 12-18y) with Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) were expressed as % predicted using the Rosenthal ( 18y), without ethnic adjustment, compared with the Black-specific GLI equations. Results: FEV1 % predicted was up to 9% higher using GLI compared with old standards.

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After 18y there was an increase in FEV1 by 100mL, reflected by the increase in GLI % predicted, whereas ECCS reference data showed a reduction in FEV1 % predicted by 2%, due to switching from paediatric to adult equations. If a fixed normal threshold of 80% predicted had been applied, the subject would have been misdiagnosed on 6 occasions. Conclusion: Failure to adjust for ethnicity and using discontinuous equations can lead to spirometry misinterpretation and misdiagnosis when the 80% predicted cut-off for abnormality is used. The advantages of using GLI 2012 reference equations has been demonstrated.

 [1]: pending:yes
Acute protective effect of estradiol on lung inflammation induced by an intestinal ischemic insult in male rats
Authors: Ana-Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa, Evelyn Fantozzi, Maria-Beatriz Amorim, Yamamoto Fernanda, Ricardo Oliveira-Filho, Tavares-de-Lima Wothan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Lung neutrophil sequestration, increased lung microvascular permeability and pulmonary oedema are consequences of the systemic inflammation induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (i-I/R) that is known clinically as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sex hormones have shown inflammatory and immune mediating properties in many inflammatory conditions but little is known about their role on ARDS. We have investigated the effect of the acute 17β estradiol (E2) treatment in male rats on lung inflammation induced by i-I/R.  Method  Anesthetized rats were submitted to 45 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by 2h reperfusion. Groups of rats received one single dose (280 µg/kg, i.v.) of E2, 30 min after establishment of ischemia or 1h after reperfusion. Lung myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and microvascular leakage were analyzed. The expression of adhesion molecules were evaluated on lung sections using immunohistochemistry.  Results  Treatment with E2 significantly reduced MPO activity and microvascular leakage in comparison to untreated i-I/R rats (i-I/R:3.01±0.06  vs  E2:1.58±0.10 O.D (450nm); i-I/R: 192±15.4  vs  E2:135.4±15.8 mg/ug of dry weight, respectively. P 3 / um 2  of ICAM-1. P Conclusion  Our results suggest that treatment of male rats with E2 reduces lung inflammation induced by intestinal I/R, reducing neutrophil recruitment by an ICAM-1 mediated mechanism.
Regulation of Cytokine Polarization and T Cell Recruitment to Inflamed Paws in Mouse Collagen‐Induced Arthritis by the Chemokine Receptor CXCR6
Authors: Drew Slauenwhite, Simon Gebremeskel, Carolyn D. Doucette, David W. Hoskin, Brent Johnston
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

The chemokine receptor CXCR6 is highly expressed on lymphocytes isolated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, suggesting that CXCR6 regulates immune cell activation or infiltration into arthritic joints. This study was undertaken to examine the role of CXCR6 in T cell activation and arthritis development.A collagen-induced arthritis model was used to examine arthritis development in wild-type and CXCR6(-/-) mice. CXCR6 expression, lymphocyte accumulation, and intracellular cytokine production were examined by flow cytometry. Collagen-specific antibodies were measured in the serum. Collagen-specific recall responses were examined in vitro via proliferation and cytokine release assays. T cell homing to inflamed joints was examined using competitive adoptive transfer of dye-labeled lymphocytes from wild-type and CXCR6(-/-) mice.The numbers of CXCR6+ T cells were increased in the paws and draining lymph nodes of arthritic mice. The incidence of arthritis, disease severity, extent of T cell accumulation, and levels of collagen-specific IgG2a antibodies were significantly reduced in CXCR6(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. T cells from wild-type mice exhibited Th1 (interferon-γ [IFNγ]) polarization in the inguinal lymph nodes following immunization. At disease peak, this shifted to a Th17 (interleukin-17A [IL-17A]) response in the popliteal lymph nodes. T cells in CXCR6(-/-) mice exhibited impaired cytokine polarization, resulting in a decreased frequency and number of IL-17A- and IFNγ-producing cells. Recruitment of activated CXCR6(-/-) mouse T cells to the inflamed paws was impaired compared to recruitment of wild-type mouse T cells.These experiments demonstrate that CXCR6 plays important roles in the pathogenesis of arthritis through its effects on both T cell cytokine polarization and homing of T cells to inflamed joints.
Inhibition of the Cellular Immune Response to Simian Virus 40 Tumor Cells in Tumor-Bearing and Tumor-Immune Mice by Concanavalin A
Authors: S Davis, C W Boone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The effects of in vivo-administered concanavalin A (Con A) on the kinetics of the primary and secondary cellular immune responses to simian virus 40-transformed tumor cells were investigated in BALB/c mice. Either a single initial dose of 400 mug Con A or daily doses of 50 mug depressed the cell-mediated immune response to tumor cells during the progressive growth of tumors, as determined by a radioisotopic foot-pad assay. The immune depression correlated with an increase in ultimate tumor weight. Similarly, Con A suppressed the antitumor cellular immune response in tumor-immune animals. Immune reactivity returned within 6 days after a single injection of 400 mug Con. Continuous administration 50 mug Con A resulted in a gradual decline in antitumor cellular immune responsiveness, which reached a plateau by the 5th day. Splenic lymphocytes from Con A-treated, immune mice failed to elicit a local adoptive transfer reaction; their immune responsiveness tended to return after incubation with alpha-methyl-D-pyranosyl sugars.
Surfactant protein A in particles in exhaled air (PEx) - A better reflection of small airways in comparison to bronchoalveolar lavage and serum?
Authors: Mona Lärstad, Per Larsson, Ann-Charlotte Almstrand, Ekaterina Mirgorodskaya, Gerdt C. Riise, Anna-Carin Olin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Particles in exhaled air (PEx) are formed in the small airways during airway reopening after airway closure. Sampling of PEx give the opportunity of measuring biomarkers from the respiratory tract lining fluid noninvasively. Our objective was to investigate if SP-A levels in PEx are correlated to SP-A levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum.  Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy one year after lung transplantation (n=11), or for investigation of pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)(n=2) and healthy volunteers (n=4) were included. PEx was collected using a method developed in-house. SP-A and albumin were measured in BAL and PEx, and SP-A was measured in serum (ELISA). The absolute (ng) and relative amount of SP-A (%; i.e. ng SP-A/ng PEx) and albumin in PEx (%) were calculated.  Results: There was no correlation between SP-A in PEx and SP-A in BAL and serum, nor between albumin in PEx and BAL. SP-A in PEx (ng) was significantly lower in healthy volunteers compared with patients (p  Conclusion: There was no correlation between SP-A in PEx, BAL and serum. This may reflect different origins since PEx may originate more strictly from the small airways whereas BAL and serum may also reflect the central airways. The fact that SP-A in PEx (ng) was significantly higher in patients may indicate a higher number of PEx in these subjects.
Characterization of circulating CD133+ progenitor cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Vasile Foris, Gabor Kovacs, Leigh Marsh, Zoltán Bálint, Martin Tötsch, Alexander Avian, Philipp Douschan, Maria Tscherner, Andrea Olschewski, Horst Olschewski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background

Little is known about the relevance of circulating progenitor cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to characterize the circulating CD133+ cells in PAH and tested the hypothesis that CD133 may serve as biomarker.

Patients and Methods

CD133+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry from peripheral blood of n=20 patients with PAH and their age -and sex-matched controls (n=20). The number of CD133+ population was then correlated with patients' haemodynamics. CD133+ cells were sorted from n=10 PAH and n=10 healthy donors by MACS. RNA was isolated and cDNA was obtained after preamplification step. RT-PCR was performed for the following genes: Oct3/4, SOX2, Nanog, Ki67 and CXRCR4. Immunohistochemistry was performed on n=5 IPAH and n=5 healthy donor lung tissues for CD133, αSMA, vWfa, Ki67 and H&E.

Results

CD133+ cells were elevated in PAH as compared to controls (p<0.0004). CD133+ CD14+ cells were also significantly elevated (p<0.0001) in PAH as compared to controls. The CD133+ cells of bone marrow origin (CD133+CD45+) were also significantly increased (p<0.0004). The number of CD133+ cells correlated with mPAP and PVR. CD133+ cells did not express SOX2, Nanog, Ki67 and CXCR4 on mRNA levels, whereas Oct3/4 mRNA was present in both PAH and healthy controls with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD133+ cells were present in the lung tissue and comprised: Type 2 pneumocytes, monocytic cells and undifferentiated cells.

Conclusion

Circulating CD133+ cells are elevated in PAH as compared to controls and their number correlates with the pulmonary hemodynamics. CD133 may serve as a potential biomarker for PAH.
THE ANTICIPATION AND PREVENTION OF CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS IN ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
Authors: ALEXANDER J. BANKHEAD, JOHN K. TORRENS, TITUS H. HARRIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

In order to overcome the multiple insults to cardio-respiratory equilibrium incident to the convulsion, therapeutic measures should be directed to early oxygenation of the alveoli and the maintenance of central and peripheral circulator mechanisms to deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardial, cerebral, and other tissues. Since circulatory function and respiration are interdependent, changes in one function are rapidly reflected in the other, and failure of one inevitably leads to failure of the other. Therapeutic measures to support the failing circulation are best done, before the critical postconvulsive state exists, in the form of atropinization to prevent vagal effects and other supportive measures, such as administration of digitalis, quinidine, aminophylline, and other medications before treatment is begun(7, 16). Respiratory failure is more easily dealt with at the time of occurrence, and the early institution of oxygen inhalations with the aid of artificial respiration and mechanical air way is far more beneficial than heroic measures later. Utilizing these principles, patients with serious cardiac disease can be safely and confidently given the benefits of electroshock therapy. Four patients having suffered acute coronary thrombosis prior to treatment have been successfully treated, and 3 patients having suffered episodes of congestive failure and taking digitalis during the course of treatment were treated uneventfully.
Three Times Daily or 8-Hourly
Authors: R Nigam, B J Loveday, S L Grainger, D G Maxton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

The timing of drug ingestion over 24 hours was assessed in 58 outpatients taking drugs three times daily. The mean time between 1st and 2nd dose was 5.7 hours, 2nd and 3rd 6.1 hours and between 3rd and 1st of the next day 12.2 hours. Based on a simulation of hydralazine pharmacokinetics, such irregular administration would increase peak levels by 10% and decrease trough levels by 64% compared with regular 8-hourly doses.
Virus Particles in Early Mouse Embryos2
Authors: W. Biczysko, M. Pienkowski, D. Solter, H. Koprowski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Electron microscope observations of 2-celled embryos from 8 strains of laboratory mice revealed an abundance of intracisternally located type-A particles. A much smaller number of the same type particle was seen in blastocysts from the same strains. Blastocysts and egg cylinders from highly leukemo-genic AKR mice also contained budding and extracellularly located type-C particles. Unfertilized eggs of all strains investigatedl acked any visible viral particles.
Study of Metastasis After the Intravenous Injection of Ascites Carcinoma #678 Into C3H Mice at High Altitude2
Authors: Pablo Mori-Chavez, Maximo Salazar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

In earlier studies both the incidence and spread of metastasis from spontaneous or subcutaneously transplanted tumors of mice were greater at high altitude than at sea level. The present experiments were designed to ascertain whether the growth of intravenously injected cells from a transplantable ascites tumor would differ at the two altitudes. Weanling C3H mice were distributed by litter and sex between the high-level and low-level locations. At the age of 10 weeks, mice of both groups received intravenous injections of 5 × 104 of #678 ascites carcinoma cells. After injection, mice at each location were divided into four groups: 1) those permitted to live their lifespan and 2), 3), and 4) those killed at 15, 10, and 6 days, respectively, after injection. In all groups, there were a greater number of mice with “embolic takes” and a greater number of pulmonary tumor nodules per mouse at high altitude than at sea level. Mice survived longer at sea level than at high altitude.
Longitudinal effects of anxiety and depression on physical activity in COPD patients
Authors: Iván Dueñas-Espín, Heleen Demeyer, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Mike Polkey, Roberto Rabinovich, Fabienne Dobbels, Niklas Karlsson, Thierry Troosters, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

COPD patients have reduced levels of physical activity (PA) and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression, but the relationship between these variables is poorly understood.  Main objective:  To assess the longitudinal effects of anxiety and depression on PA in COPD patients.  Methods:  We recruited 236 COPD patients from 5 European countries and followed them for 1 year (EU IMI PROactive project). Anxiety and depression symptoms (using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale), PA measures (with DynaPort ® accelerometer), socio-demographic characteristics, lung function tests, bioimpedance and exercise capacity (6MWD) were evaluated at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. We built multivariate linear regression models with repeated measures to assess the association of anxiety/depression (at baseline and 6 months) with PA (at 6 and 12 m).  Results:  Patients (age 67(8)y, FEV1 57(21)%) showed a prevalence of depression and anxiety (HADS depression and anxiety scores≥11 points) of 6% and 12%, respectively. Patients with depression performed fewer steps/day (1894 vs 4143, p Conclusions:  In patients with COPD, symptoms of depression are associated with less PA six months later. No longitudinal effect of anxiety on PA was found.   Funding : Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMU-JU #115011).
Participants perspectives of pulmonary rehabilitation: The role of peer support
Authors: Andrew Hardy, Alison Coe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Methodology: This is a qualitative research study of participants experiences of a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme based in Wakefield, United Kingdom. 4 group interviews were carried out in spring 2010 involving 24 participants. 22 had a primary diagnosis of COPD (mean FEV1 1.1 litres, 42% predicted), 1 had a primary diagnosis of lung cancer and 1 was a carer for a participant with COPD. A structured interview proforma was discussed in each group with specific questions regarding the role of peer support when PR is carried out in a group setting.

Results: Many participants had not met other people with COPD prior to attending PR. Other participants provided a reference for progression of COPD and personal insights into living with chronic disease. Participants valued the opportunity to take part in social interaction which may not be available to them at other times. Bonding within groups improved motivation to continue attending sessions. The psychological support provided by other group members lead to an improvement in confidence and more positive approach to everyday life. The course gave structure to participants lives and gave them something to look forward to. The presence of experienced members of staff provided a safe environment in which to exercise and allowed participants to challenge the perceived limits of their exercise tolerance.

Summary: The group format of PR is a positive factor in encouraging and motivating ongoing participation. The opportunity for social interaction has a positive impact on their performance during the sessions and on willingness to continue to perform exercises when at home. This has implications when considering the value of home-based PR.
Pemphigoid without mucosal involvement showing autoantibodies against laminin-332 γ2 subunit
Authors: Y. Endo, M. Kato, A. Kitoh, S. Kore-eda, S. Fukuda, T. Hashimoto, K. Toda, Y. Miyachi, A. Utani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Pemphigoid without mucosal involvement showing autoantibodies against laminin‐332 γ2 subunit Get access Y. Endo, Y. Endo Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kato, M. Kato Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kitoh, A. Kitoh Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kore‐eda, S. Kore‐eda Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Fukuda, S. Fukuda Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hashimoto, T. Hashimoto Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Toda, K. Toda Department of Dermatology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Miyachi, Y. Miyachi Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Utani A. Utani Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara‐cho, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, JapanDepartment of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan E‐mail: yendou‐tky@umin.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 5, 1 November 2010, Pages 1120–1122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09922.x Published: 01 November 2010
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Vitamin D Promotes Vascular Regeneration”
Authors: Michael Sze Ka Wong, Matthias S. Leisegang, Christoph Kruse, Juri Vogel, Christoph Schürmann, Nathalie Dehne, Andreas Weigert, Eva Herrmann, Bernhard Brüne, Ajay M. Shah, Dieter Steinhilber, Stefan Offermanns, Geert Carmeliet, Klaus Badenhoop, Katrin Schröder, Ralf P. Brandes
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Central nervous system tuberculosis: A 10 year experience of a respiratory department
Authors: Samira Aouadi, Aida Bayoudh, Houda Gharsalli, Henda Naji, Ali Ben Kheder, Sonia Maâlej
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, one of the most devastating clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB), is noted in 5 to 10% of extrapulmonary TB cases, and accounts for approximately 1% of all TB cases.   Objective:  To describe clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects of CNS tuberculosis associated to active pulmonary TB.   Patients and methods:  A retrospective descriptive study including all patients hospitalized between 2003 and 2012 for pulmonary TB associated with CNS tuberculosis was conducted.   Results:  There were 12 patients (10 women and 2 men). Mean age was 37 years (17-79 years). Immunodeficiency was noted in 3 patients (diabetes, corticosteroid, AIDS). Five patients had miliary tuberculosis. Suggestive neurologic symptoms were: vomiting (n=5), persistent headache (n=3) and altered sensorium or focal neurological deficit (n=4). The symptoms were present at the time of diagnosis of pulmonary TB in 1O cases. Tow patients developed neurological signs after the onset of treatment. Different types of involvement were noted: cerebral tuberculomas (6 cases), tuberculous meningitis (4 cases), spinal tuberculomas (3 cases) and meningoencephalitis (1 case). Mean treatment duration was 16 months (12-36). The outcome was favorable without sequelae in 9 cases and with neurological sequelae in one case. One patient was dead. One patient had a recurrence of tuberculomas 5 years later.   Conclusion:  Central nervous system TB should be considered in patients with active pulmonary TB presenting with focal neurology or meningeal signs, even when establish on treatment.
The effect of exacerbation rate on SGRQ (St Georges respiratory questionnaire) score in earlier and later COPD
Authors: James Allinson, Gavin Donaldson, Anant Patel, Beverly Kowlessar, Alex Mackay, Richa Singh, Simon Brill, Jadwiga Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

COPD exacerbations are associated with morbidity although how their effect on health status relates to the severity of airflow limitation is unclear. We investigated the relationship between exacerbation rate and health status in “earlier” COPD(FEV1>60%predicted) versus “later” COPD(FEV1  Symptom diary card and clinic visit data were prospectively collected on 211 London COPD Cohort patients over seven years. Patients completed SGRQs yearly when stable. We investigated the relationship between SGRQ score and exacerbation frequency in the two groups by regression analysis. Exacerbations were defined as previously(Seemungal et al 2000).  The earlier(n=63) and later(n=148) groups were similar in demographics but the earlier group had fewer exacerbations(Table 1).  Exacerbation frequency related significantly to increasing SGRQ score(p=  The effect of exacerbation frequency on health status is similar in earlier and later COPD. Thus interventions that reduce exacerbations will improve health status across all disease severities.