tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Type III Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor as a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ryan S. Turley, Elizabeth C. Finger, Nadine Hempel, Tam How, Timothy A. Fields, Gerard C. Blobe
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has an important role in regulating normal prostate epithelium, inhibiting proliferation, differentiation, and both androgen deprivation–induced and androgen-independent apoptosis. During prostate cancer formation, most prostate cancer cells become resistant to these homeostatic effects of TGF-β. Although the loss of expression of either the type I (TβRI) or type II (TβRII) TGF-β receptor has been documented in ∼30% of prostate cancers, most prostate cancers become TGF-β resistant without mutation or deletion of TβRI, TβRII, or Smads2, 3, and 4, and thus, the mechanism of resistance remains to be defined. Here, we show that type III TGF-β receptor (TβRIII or betaglycan) expression is decreased or lost in the majority of human prostate cancers as compared with benign prostate tissue at both the mRNA and protein level. Loss of TβRIII expression correlates with advancing tumor stage and a higher probability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, suggesting a role in prostate cancer progression. The loss of TβRIII expression is mediated by the loss of heterozygosity at the TGFBR3 genomic locus and epigenetic regulation of the TβRIII promoter. Functionally, restoring TβRIII expression in prostate cancer cells potently decreases cell motility and cell invasion through Matrigel in vitro and prostate tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, these studies define the loss of TβRIII expression as a common event in human prostate cancer and suggest that this loss is important for prostate cancer progression through effects on cell motility, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1090–8]
Leukocyte Infiltration, Neuronal Degeneration, and Neurite Outgrowth after Ablation of Scar-Forming, Reactive Astrocytes in Adult Transgenic Mice
Authors: Toby G Bush, Narman Puvanachandra, Catherine H Horner, Anabella Polito, Thor Ostenfeld, Clive N Svendsen, Lennart Mucke, Martin H Johnson, Michael V Sofroniew
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Effects of mutant gene dosage on phenotype.
Authors: M R Pollak, Y H Chou, S J Marx, B Steinmann, D E Cole, M L Brandi, S E Papapoulos, F H Menko, G N Hendy, E M Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism is a rare life-threatening disorder characterized by very high serum calcium concentrations (> 15 mg/dl). Many cases have occurred in families with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, a benign condition transmitted as a dominant trait. Among several hypothesized relationships between the two syndromes is the suggestion that neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism is the homozygous form of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. To test this hypothesis, we refined the map location of the gene responsible for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia on chromosome 3q. Analyses in 11 families defined marker loci closely linked to the gene responsible for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. These loci were then analyzed in four families with parental consanguinity and offspring with neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Each individual who was homozygous for loci that are closely linked to the gene responsible for familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia had neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. The calculated odds of linkage between these disorders of > 350,000:1 (lod score = 5.56). We conclude that dosage of the gene defect accounts for these widely disparate clinical phenotypes; a single defective allele causes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, while two defective alleles causes neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism.
Lipomas as a Potential Cause for Uptake of In-111 Mab72.3 (Oncoscint CR)
Authors: NOLAN K. SAKOW, MAHEJABEEN JAPANWALLA, WAYNE B. TUCKSON, R. ERIC SHIELDS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Nonspecific localization of In-111 MAb72.3 (Oncoscint CR, Cytogen Corp., Princeton, NJ) has been described in arthritis, vascular ectasia, inflammatory lesions, reactive lymph nodes, acute cystitis, adhesions, hernias, colostomy sites, postirradiation ports, stents, sarcomas, surgical scars, foreign body suture reaction, and other benign lesions. The authors report two cases of In-111 MAb uptake within lipomas.
Daily average exposures to respirable particulate matter from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of southern India.
Authors: Kalpana Balakrishnan, Sambandam Sankar, Jyoti Parikh, Ramaswamy Padmavathi, Kailasam Srividya, Vidhya Venugopal, Swarna Prasad, Vijay Laxmi Pandey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Indoor air pollution resulting from combustion of biomass fuels in rural households of developing countries is now recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Accurate estimation of health risks has been hampered by a paucity of quantitative exposure information. In this study we quantified exposures to respirable particulate matter from biomass-fuel combustion in 436 rural homes selected through stratified random sampling from four districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The study households are a subset of a larger sample of 5,028 households from the same districts in which socioeconomic and health information has been collected. Results of measurements for personal exposures to respirable particulate matter during cooking were reported earlier. This has been extended to calculation of 24-hr exposures with the aid of additional measurements during noncooking times and the collection of time-activity records. Concentrations of respirable particulate matter ranged from 500 to 2,000 micro g/m(3) during cooking in biomass-using households, and average 24-hr exposures ranged from 90 +/- 21 micro g/m(3) for those not involved in cooking to 231 +/- 109 micro g/m(3) for those who cooked. The 24-hr exposures were around 82 +/- 39 micro g/m(3) for those in households using clean fuels (with similar exposures across household subgroups). Fuel type, type and location of the kitchen, and the time spent near the kitchen while cooking were the most important determinants of exposure across these households among other parameters examined, including stove type, cooking duration, and smoke from neighborhood cooking. These estimates could be used to build a regional exposure database and facilitate health risk assessments.
Intraluminal Precipitation of Bile Acids in Stagnant Loop Syndrome
Authors: T. C. Northfield
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The postprandial concentrations of free and conjugated bile acids were measured in total content and micellar phase of jejunal aspirates from nine patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome and from 11 normal controls. Aspirates from the stagnant loop syndrome patients, but not from the normal controls, had a high concentration of free (unconjugated) bile acids. There was a reciprocal decrease in the concentration of conjugated bile acids, but total bile acid concentration in the whole aspirate remained normal. Total bile acid concentration in the micellar phase of intestinal content was reduced, indicating precipitation of bile acids. These findings suggest that precipitation of unconjugated bile acids, rather than passive absorption, leads to a reduced postprandial concentration of bile acids in the micellar phase of jejunal content, and are consistent with the hypothesis that fat malabsorption in the stagnant loop syndrome results from decreased micellar dispersion of lipolytic products.
New England journal report describes unique features of adverse reactions in TGN1412 trial
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The healthy volunteers who took part in the clinical trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412 had multiple organ failure similar to that seen in septic shock but with several unique features, says a report published last week by Dr Suntharalingam and his colleagues, who cared for the six men after they were transferred to the NHS ( New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355:1018-28).

Within 90 minutes of receiving a single intravenous dose of TGN1412 all six volunteers had a systemic inflammatory response characterised by a rapid …
Injection Drug Use and Emerging Blood-Borne Diseases
Authors: Don C. Des Jarlais, Gerry V. Stimson, Holly Hagan, Samuel R. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Injection of illicit psychoactive drugs is important as an ecological niche for worldwide diffusion of "emerging" blood-borne pathogens, particularly those for which infection leads to a chronic carrier status. Illicit drug injection has now been reported in 118 different countries,<sup>1</sup>a substantial increase over the 80 countries known to have had illicit drug injection in 1989.<sup>2</sup>Contrary to popular stereotypes, many injection drug users (IDUs) travel widely, including internationally. The international diffusion of IDU includes spread to geographically remote areas—such as South American and Southeast Asian rain forest areas—where local inhabitants may have contact with animal reservoirs for emerging diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the best-known emerging virus, and HIV-1 infection has been reported among IDUs in 80 different countries.<sup>1</sup>This is a substantial increase over the 52 countries known to have had HIV-1 infection among IDUs in 1989.<sup>2</sup>
Ten years of German unification
Authors: E. Nolte
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Ten years ago last month the postwar division of Germany came to an end. Less than a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the two halves of Germany became a single state. In a decade during which Europe was characterised by immense social and political transition, the experience of the people of the former German Democratic Republic was unique. Institutions and policies developed over 45 years of communist rule were swept away almost at once. Although neighbouring countries, such as Poland and the Czech Republic, underwent rapid change, none could compete with the scale of the East German transition. It would be surprising if social and economic transition on this scale had not had an impact on the health of those living in the former East Germany. Ten years on, it is beginning to be possible to assess what this impact has been.

The scenes in Berlin on the night the wall fell testify to the initial euphoria …
Deprived areas will lose out with proposed new capitation formula
Authors: C. L. Bambra, A. Copeland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

NHS funding is allocated to areas on the principle of providing “equal opportunity of access for equal need.”1 To help achieve this, the current NHS allocation formula incorporates a deprivation related measure: the “health inequality weighting.”1 The relative roles of deprivation and age as determinants of health have been subject to political debate over the past years,2 3 4 and NHS England is consulting …
S54 Characterising sarcoidosis using a web-based registry: a pilot study
Authors: R. K. Coker, C. Wang, A. Sepahzad, N. J. Roberts, M. R. Partridge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem disorder of unknown cause. Demographic and phenotypic characteristics have not been comprehensively studied in Britain. Extrapolation from a North American population (ACCESS) may not be valid. This retrospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the potential of a novel web-based registry, by recording demographic and clinical characteristics, follow-up and treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 199 potential patients were identified from specialist respiratory clinics at two hospitals. 135 case notes were reviewed. Data were extracted from first and follow-up visits with random data quality checks by at least one other author. <h3>Results</h3> Of 135 patients, 55% were female and 47% Afro-Caribbean; mean age (years) was 43.7±12.3 and patients had on average three follow-up visits per year. Presenting symptoms included cough (95%), breathlessness (41%), skin rashes (22%), arthralgia (15%), fatigue (19%), eye symptoms (14%) and fever (11%). 14% had stage 0 chest radiographs, 46% stage I, 16% stage II, 15% stage III and 9% stage IV. 45% had raised serum angiotensin-converting enzyme at first visit. 80% had histological confirmation. Systemic corticosteroids were the commonest treatment (21.5% after first visit). Cutaneous involvement was highest in females (64%) and Afro-Caribbeans (48%). Nodular lesions were the most common; 77% had granulomas on skin biopsy. 94% of those with skin disease had other organ involvement and received on average three treatments (topical 77%, prednisolone 64%, and hydroxychloroquine 45%). During follow-up, 73% reported improvement. 20 patients had definite/probable neurosarcoid (Zajicek criteria). Symptoms included parasthesiae (45%), visual disturbance (30%), headache (30%), seizures (10%) and anosmia (5%). Four had a VIIth nerve palsy. Diagnosis was made on MRI in 95%; 20% had CNS biopsies. 80% received prednisolone and 25% intravenous methylprednisolone. 15% were discharged after remission. Of the rest, 40% deteriorated during follow-up, 40% stabilised and 20% improved. Raised serum ACE was common in those with cutaneous and neurological disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A novel web-based registry is a valuable method of recording clinical data in sarcoidosis. Additional use by other centres and the prospective recording of details of new cases could provide useful epidemiological data for the UK and drive future hypothesis-based studies.
Occurrence of polymorphous light eruption in lupus erythematosus
Authors: F. NYBERG, T. HASAN, P. PUSKA, E. STEPHANSSON, M. HÄKKINEN, A. RANKI, AM ROS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Photosensitivity is a well-known manifestation of lupus erythematosus (LE). Since there are no strict criteria for photosensitivity, varying prevalence figures have been reported. Also, distinction from polymorphous light eruption (PLE) can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to characterize photosensitivity in more detail and to determine the occurrence of PLE in a series of well-documented LE patients. A questionnaire was answered by 337 LE patients seen at dermatology departments in Finland and Sweden, and 63 of the patients were invited for interview. According to the questionnaire, LE lesions were made worse by sunlight in 242 (72%) patients. Symptoms consistent with PLE were reported by 165 (49%) patients. Detailed personal interviews supported the results from the questionnaire, and revealed that PLE had started 2-45 years before the onset of LE in 23 of 37 patients with both diagnoses, and more than 7 years before in 18 of 37 (49%). PLE proved to be common in patients with both systemic and cutaneous LE. The two conditions may often coexist and, in about half of the cases, PLE preceded LE. These two diseases may share pathogenic factors. PLE might predispose to LE in a subgroup of PLE patients.
TREATMENT OF THE CARDIAC DISTURBANCES DUE TO THYROID DISEASE
Authors: J. MARION READ
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The cardiac dysfunctions traceable directly to pathologic changes in the thyroid may be grouped under three general headings: (1) those due to hypothyroidism; (2) those secondary to obstructed respiration, and (3) those occurring in hyperthyroidism.  MYXEDEMA  Zondek,1in 1918, first called attention to a type of cardiac disturbance occurring in hypothyroidism. In 1925, Fahr2reported four cases with dilatation of all the heart chambers, characteristic electrocardiographic changes and congestive failure, which did not respond to rest and digitalis but promptly yielded to thyroid medication. Reports of the cardiac status in myxedema have been made by Willius and Haines,3Thacher and White,4and Christian,5but not one of these investigators has reported any striking or constant manifestations of cardiac failure definitely traceable to hypothyroidism.  Deviations from the normal electrocardiogram, such as inverted T wave (leads I and II) and low potential in all deflections, are not
The natural history of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease.
Authors: L S Newman, J Lloyd, E Daniloff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

With the advent of in vitro immunologic testing, we can now detect exposed individuals who are sensitized to beryllium and those who have chronic beryllium disease (CBD) with lung pathology and impairment. Earlier detection and more accurate diagnostic tools raise new questions about the natural history of sensitization and granulomatous disease. Preliminary data suggest that early detection identifies people who are sensitized to beryllium and that these individuals are at risk for progressing into clinical disease. This article discusses the historical, recent, and ongoing studies germane to our understanding of CBD natural history, including the immunologic and inflammatory basis of the disease, the environmental and host risk factors for disease progression, biological markers of disease severity and activity that may help predict outcome, and the implications for broad-based workplace screening to identify patients at the earliest stages of beryllium sensitization and disease.
Anti-Insulin Receptor Antibodies Related to Hypoglycemia in a Previously Diabetic Patient
Authors: Jean-Christophe Maiza, Martine Caron-Debarle, Corinne Vigouroux, Stéphane Schneebeli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We report the case of a 47-year-old woman who was referred to our unit for hypoglycemia. She was diagnosed with diabetes at age 30 years and was previously treated with metformin, sulfonylureas, and glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists. Despite interruption of her treatments, she had for 1 month clinical features evoking hypoglycemic spells, with adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms subsiding after glucose administration. Her BMI was 23.8 kg/m2. She had axillary acanthosis nigricans but no lipodystrophy. Continuous glucose monitoring showed hypoglycemia down to 2.1 mmol/L, mostly during fasting periods, and hyperglycemia up to 13.7 mmol/L in the absence of any treatment. HbA1c was 15%. During a fasting test, venous glucose concentration dropped to 2.5 mmol/L with concomitant low serum levels of C-peptide, insulinemia, and proinsulinemia: <1.40, …
An unusual case of "giant cell arteritis"
Authors: J Lim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) can be confused with a small vessel vasculitis but it is unusual for it to be mistaken for giant cell arteritis. We report a patient with temporal headaches, transient visual loss, and raised inflammatory indices, which led to an initial diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, but in whom CES was the eventual explanation.

A 64 year old woman with treated hypertension who smoked was referred with a 1 year history of left sided temporal headaches and pain in the proximal lower limbs. The headaches were intermittent but were increasing in frequency and intensity. She also described two episodes of blurred vision of short duration in the left eye. There were no other associated neurological symptoms. She gave a history of Raynaud’s phenomenon in both hands and worsening activities of daily living limited by fatigue.

She was overweight with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2; …
Effect of Consanguinity on Screening for Thalassemia
Authors: Antonio Cao, Renzo Galanello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The β-thalassemias are among the most common autosomal recessive disorders. They have a remarkably high frequency in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, and East Asia. The β-thalassemias are not uncommon among persons of African descent,1 and the migration of populations has carried them to Northern Europe, North and South America, and Australia.In the β-thalassemias there is reduced (β+) or no (β0) production of the β-globin chains of hemoglobin, which normally consist of two α-globin and two β-globin chains (α2 β2). In homozygotes, a shortage of β chains results in an . . .
Effect of Nicotine on the Coronary Blood Flow and Related Circulatory Parameters
Authors: Samuel Bellet, James W. West, Otto F. Müller, Ugo C. Manzoli
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The effect of intravenously administered nicotine (20 µg ./Kg./min.) on the coronary blood flow and related hemodynamic parameters was studied in the normal intact dog and in the dog with chronic coronary insufficiency as produced either by coronary artery ligation or gradual coronary artery narrowing. Nicotine increases cardiac work markedly by an increase in the mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. The degree of this increase is similar in normal dogs arid dogs with chronic coronary insufficiency. The mean control coronary blood flow was moderately decreased in dogs with coronary artery ligation and markedly decreased in dogs with narrowing of the two main branches of the left coronaryatery. Nicotine produced an increase in coronary blood flow which in normal dogs was observed to be as high as 125 per cent on an average over the control value. The average increase was consider ably less in dogs with ligation of one coronary artery branch (82.5 per cent) and in dogs with narrowing of two main branches (83.3 per cent). The degree of coronary narrowing and/or occlusion was directly related to the response of the coronary flow; the greater the coronary impairment, the smaller was the increment in corollary blood flow frequently dropped below the control value in the postinfusion period, Coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen utilization declined during the event of nicotine administration. The response of the coronary blood flow to nicotine resembled that of anoxemia in the presence of coronary insufficiency. These findings would appear to have a bearing on the clinical problem relative to the effect of nicotine in the human subject with coronary artery disease.
On the biology and politics of cognitive sex differences
Authors: David C. Geary
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The male advantage in certain mathematical domains contributes to the difference in the numbers of males and females that enter math-intensive occupations, which in turn contributes to the sex difference in earnings. Understanding the nature and development of the sex difference in mathematical abilities is accordingly of social as well as scientific concern. A more complete understanding of the biological contributions to these differences can guide research on educational techniques that might someday produce more equal educational outcomes in mathematics and other academic domains.
Elemental analysis of asbestos fibers by means of electron probe techniques
Authors: Ivan B. Rubin, Carl J. Maggiore
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The identification and characterization of microparticles has become an important field of study in recent years due to their presence in the environment and association with pathogenesis. Asbestos fibers have been intensively studied for these reasons. Since conventional microscopy has not provided unique identification of these materials, electron probe microanalysis, which yields chemical data, has been utilized in conjunction with other techniques to provide the necessary answers.The options now available to undertake electron probe analysis are discussed with relation to their utilization for microparticle analyses. Two types of electron sources are available, thermionic and field emission. The x-ray spectroscopy requires the use of either wavelength-dispersive focussing crystal spectrometers or an energy-dispersive Si(Li) x-ray detector. Data are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of asbestos identification by using modified raw data obtained with a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Further, the extension of the technique to other microparticle identification problems is discussed.