tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15897: Superior Efficacy of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Over Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Maintaining Sinus Rhythm: Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials with 1694 Patients
Authors: Amit Noheria, Mallika Gupta, Tarun Chakravarty, Samuel J Asirvatham
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction:  There is debate regarding the ideal rhythm-control strategy for maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with AF.   Methods:  We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for RCTs comparing catheter ablation vs. ADT for AF. Random-effects models were used to estimate the primary outcome of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence and secondary outcomes of major adverse events and death during follow-up.   Results:  A total of 12 RCTs (1694 patients) were included. Catheter ablation was associated with lower risk of AT recurrence as compared to ADT (26.5% vs. 69.1%, pooled risk ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.28-0.47, p   Conclusions:  Catheter ablation is safer and more efficacious than ADT to maintain sinus rhythm and therefore should be the preferred treatment strategy for rhythm-control in selected patients with symptomatic AF. Figure 1: Meta-analysis of catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) for atrial fibrillation - relative risk of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence during follow-up.
Several questions remain
Authors: G. M Laekeman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—What is new in Robert H Vander Stichele and colleagues' article about topical treatments for head lice?1 It serves as a literature review and does not tell more than Wellcome told two years ago about permethrin (Nix) creme rinse. This literature search cost Belgian taxpayers about pounds sterling40000, and many questions remain.

What about concentrations? According to the conclusions, natural pyrethrines are not sufficiently effective to justify their use. …
Abstract 1930: Laser Lead Extraction in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jean-Francois Roux, Pierre Page, Marc Dubuc, Bernard Thibault, Peter G Guerra, Laurent Macle, Denis Roy, Mario Talajic, Paul Khairy
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) constitute a rapidly growing population in whom pacemakers and defibrillators are increasingly utilized. A corresponding rise in lead extract...
Rising incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 5 years in the Oxford region: time trend analysis
Authors: Stephen G Gardner, Polly J Bingley, Pamela A Sawtell, Suzanne Weeks, Edwin AM Gale
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To monitor incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children in Oxford health region since 1985, and to look for any evidence of disproportionate increase in children aged under 5. <b>Design:</b> Primary ascertainment of cases of childhood diabetes was by prospective registration of all patients with insulin dependent diabetes diagnosed before age 15 years between 1985 and 1996 and resident in Oxford region at time of diagnosis. This was supplemented by examination of centralised hospital discharge records and death certificates. Secondary case ascertainment was by postal surveys of general practitioners in 1987 and 1996. <b>Setting:</b> Area formerly administered by Oxford Regional Health Authority. <b>Subjects:</b> 1037 children presenting with insulin dependent diabetes under age of 15 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years during 1985-95. <b>Results:</b> Overall incidence of diabetes in children aged 0-15 was 18.6 cases/100 000/year and showed an annual increase of 4% from 1985 to 1996. This was mainly due to a rapid increase in children aged 0-4 years, in whom there was an annual increase of 11% (95% confidence interval 6% to 15%, P&lt;0.0001), while the annual increase in those aged 5-9 was 4% (0 to 7%, P=0.05) and in those aged 10-14 was 1% (−2% to 4%, P=0.55). <b>Conclusions:</b> Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 5 years has risen markedly in the Oxford region over the past decade. The cause of the increase is unknown, but environmental influences encountered before birth or in early postnatal life are likely to be responsible. <h3>Key messages</h3> The incidence of childhood diabetes has increased in Europe and many other parts of the world over the past 20-30 years In the Oxford region we found that the incidence of childhood insulin dependent diabetes increased by 4% per year during 1985-95 Most of this increase was due to an increase of 11% a year in children aged under 5 years, in whom incidence doubled over the study period Environmental factors encountered very early in life are likely to have been responsible for this increase, but the nature of such factors is unknown Attempts at preventing disease should be directed towards intrauterine or early postnatal life
Long term outcome by method of delivery of fetuses in breech presentation
Authors: J. West
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# Policy of planned caesarean section could have appreciable costs {#article-title-2}

EDITOR,—P J Danielian and colleagues contend that a policy of vaginal breech delivery in selected cases of breech presentation is as safe as elective caesarean section with respect to long term disability.1 In their editorial in the same issue M Hannah and W Hannah point out the need for a large randomised prospective trial …
In situ detection of microRNAs146b, 221 and 222 in human carcinoma tissues reveals tumor-type specific expression patterns.
Authors: Vassiliki Kotoula, Triantafyllia Koletsa, Elpida Charalambous, Ioannis Pliakos, Georgia Karayannopoulou, George Karkavelas, Constantine Mitsiades, Nicholas Mitsiades
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1780   MicroRNAs (miRs) are transcribed from non-protein-encoding genes that regulate the post-transcriptional fate of other, protein-encoding mRNAs. Overexpression of miR146b, miR221 and miR222 has been reported in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). In the present study, we sought to determine the expression of these miRs at the histological level in thyroid cancer. A total of 87 different archival cancer specimens, including 65 thyroid carcinomas (26 PTC, 25 medullary [MTC], 14 anaplastic [ATC]), were examined on paraffin sections in comparison to matched normal tissues and clinicopathological parameters. The expression of miRs 146b, 221 and 222 was assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH) with cocktails of DIG-labeled oligonucleotide probes complementary to each miR. Semiquantitative RT-PCR for the same targets was performed for a subset of 25 tumor/normal pairs and showed concordant results with ISH in all but one case. In normal epithelia (thyroid, breast, colon, stomach), faint positive cytoplasmic signal of all three miRs was observed in limited cases (10 - 12%) and cells/case (
Imaging pulmonary embolism
Authors: D. M Hansell, C. D R Flower
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Pulmonary embolism is a common condition that often escapes diagnosis in life. The mortality attributable to pulmonary embolism depends on many factors but can be up to 30% in untreated patients, more than 10 times the annual mortality for patients treated with anticoagulant drugs (2.5%).1 Balanced against the danger of underdiagnosis are the risks of treatment with anticoagulants.2 Investigation is often haphazard and treatment empirical, reflecting the relative insensitivity and poor specificity of traditional non-invasive diagnostic tests such as ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy.3 In an attempt to improve diagnostic precision, many studies have recommended combinations of tests.4 5 6 Pulmonary arteriography is justly regarded as the final arbiter, but it is underused and is available in only a third of hospitals in the United Kingdom.7

Spiral computed tomography images the pulmonary vessels directly. It is non-invasive and increasingly available. During a scan, which is performed in a single breath hold, intravenous contrast medium is given, and …
p21/WAF1 cyclin-kinase inhibitor expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a potential marker of p53 tumor-suppressor gene function
Authors: M Chilosi, C Doglioni, A Magalini, G Inghirami, M Krampera, G Nadali, D Rahal, S Pedron, A Benedetti, M Scardoni, E Macri, M Lestani, F Menestrina, G Pizzolo, A Scarpa
Journal: Blood (1996)
Coronary Artery Axial Plaque Stress and its Relationship With Lesion Geometry
Authors: Gilwoo Choi, Joo Myung Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, Jun-Bean Park, Sethuraman Sankaran, Hiromasa Otake, Joon-Hyung Doh, Chang-Wook Nam, Eun-Seok Shin, Charles A. Taylor, Bon-Kwon Koo
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
First sequence-confirmed case of infection with the new influenza A(H1N1) strain in Germany
Authors: H Melzl, J J Wenzel, B Kochanowski, K Feierabend, B Kreuzpaintner, E Kreuzpaintner, A Rohrhofer, S Schreder-Meindl, H Wollner, B Salzberger, U Reischl, W Jilg, H Wolf, H H Niller
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Here, we report on the first sequence-confirmed case of infection with the new influenza A(H1N1) virus in Germany. Two direct contacts of the patient were laboratory-confirmed as cases and demonstrate a chain of direct human-to-human transmission.
Abstract 8148: Optimal Number of Antitachycardia Pacing Sequences Associated with Successful Termination of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in ICD Patients
Authors: Daniel Chong, Amit Kumar Malik, Boon Yew Tan, Reginald Liew, Wee Siong Teo, Chi Keong Ching
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Antitachycardia pacing (ATP) has been shown to be effective in terminating ventricular tachyarrhythmias painlessly in ICD patients. Similar success rates for various algorithms for ATP (e.g. Ramp vs Burst) have been described. However, the optimal number of ATP sequences that should be programmed to terminate VT without need for an ICD shock has not been widely studied. We aim to determine if the number of ATP sequences programmed correlated with successful termination of ventricular tachyarrhythmias without need for ICD shock. Methods: All patients on follow up at National Heart Centre Singapore with available records of any appropriate ICD therapy within a 3 year period were recruited. Clinical characteristics, device programming and all recorded ventricular tachyarrhythmias were analysed. Results: 375 VT events in 42 patients were analysed. Median age 59.5 years, median 4 years follow up. 54.7% had ICDs implanted for secondary prevention. Mean VT cycle length was 357ms+/-46ms(SD). Majority (91.6%) had ATP (majority 8 pulses at 88% coupling interval) programmed for VT zone tachycardias. Success rate of ATP with a single programmed ATP sequence was 50%, double sequence 67%, three 85%, four or more 67% - differences statistically significant (p=0.02). 3 or more ATP sequences was associated with reduced overall ICD shocks (p=0.04), inclusive of shocks for VF due to VT acceleration (5% of ATP episodes). There was one mortality in a patient programmed with 3 ATP sequences from unrelated metastatic sigmoid carcinoma. Conclusions: In our study population, 3 ATP sequences appeared to be optimal in terminating VT with a concomitant reduction in appropriate but unnecessary shocks. Further studies in larger ICD populations are indicated.
Association Between Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Longitudinal Decline in Tau in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ihab Hajjar, Allan Levey
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Decline in Tau in Mild Cognitive ImpairmentWe have previously shown that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use is associated with improved cognitive function in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with lower amyloid and tau content on autopsy studies. 1,2The impact of ARBs on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid and tau biomarkers is unknown.We analyzed data from the longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to assess the impact of ARB use on CSF amyloid and tau markers.Methods | The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is a longitudinal study of clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging data collected from participants with normal cognition, MCI, or dementia enrolled from 59 centers in the United States.Lumbar punctures were performed using standardized protocols and biomarker measurements were conducted at the University of Pennsylvania.Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 peptide, total tau (tau), and tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 (p-tau) were measured using the multiplex xMAP Luminex platform with Innogenetics immunoassay. 3ntihypertensive medication information was coded into 1 of 5 classes (ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, β-blockers, and calcium channel blockers).
Higher Cumulative Bortezomib Dose Results In Better Overall Survival (OS) In Patients With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma (MM) Receiving Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone (VMP) In The Phase 3 VISTA Study
Authors: Maria-Victoria Mateos, Paul G. Richardson, Hongliang Shi, Liviu Niculescu, Jennifer Elliott, Edward Dow, Helgi van de Velde, Jesús F San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 28: A Paradoxical Increase in VF Prevalence Over the Period Immediately After Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hiroshi Kaneko, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Aki Nagase, Hiroko Noguchi, Seishiro Marukawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia (VF/VT) is an important cause of sudden cardiac arrest. When left untreated, as the period with no myocardial blood flow progresses, the initial VF/VTs degrade into asystole with the VF/VT prevalence decreasing over the period from collapse to initial ECG documentation (down time). Using the national registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we have examined how the VF/VT prevalence changed with the down time. Methods and Results: Initial ECG rhythms of 173,767 out-of-hospital witnessed cardiac arrest patients were obtained. Bystander CPR was provided in 60,280 patients and those patients were excluded from the analysis. The down time was defined as the time from witnessed collapse to the time of initial ECG documentation by the EMT. Down time was 0 (zero) when cardiac arrest was witnessed by the attending EMTs in patients under ECG monitoring. At time zero, the prevalence of VF/VT, PEA and asystole were 12.2% (311/ 2,511), 43.0% (1,097/ 2,551) and 44.8% (1,143/ 2,551), respectively (Fig). The VF/VT prevalence gradually increased with the down time to reach a maximal value of 23.2% at 7 minutes and almost exponentially decreased thereafter. The prevalence of asystole decreased initially and then increased. The prevalence of PEA decreased almost linearly. Conclusions: The reasons for the initial and unexpected increase in the VF/VT prevalence remain only to be speculated. Documentation of time of collapse relied mostly on the bystander interview. Although thus contaminated time data may have created a deceptive initial increase of the VF/VT prevalence, it does not completely explain the initial increase in the VF/VT prevalence. The initial decrease of the prevalence of asystole suggests that asystole may converts spontaneously into VF/VT. Initially documented VF/VTs appear to consist of “true” VF/VTs that start as VF/VT as well as those VF/VTs that originate from PEA and/or asystole.
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: Alternatively spliced variants and their expression in prostate cancer
Authors: James N. Mubiru, Grace L. Shen-Ong, Anthony J. Valente, Dean A. Troyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1718    Background:  Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), a mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzyme essential in lipid metabolism, is over-expressed in prostate cancer. Two different AMACR transcripts (designated IA and IIA), were previously described (Cancer Res 63:3296-3301,2003) each derived from five exons, AMACR IA, the most abundant form, encodes a 382-amino acid protein (MW 42kDa, pI 6.07). AMACR IIA contains an alternative fifth exon that has extensive homology to the human fumarate hydratase (FH) and encodes a 288-amino acid protein (MW 32kDa, pI 9.6). However, due to a frame shift, the encoded IIA polypeptide differs from FH.  Results and Conclusion:  Here we report additional variants of AMACR IA and IIA cloned from human prostate tissue that lack exon 3. These transcripts are designated IB (MW 22 kDa, pI 10.31), and IIB (MW 31 kDa; pI 9.44). The IIB transcript reported here results from dual alternative splicing events (lack of third exon and use of an alternate fifth exon), and encodes a polypeptide homologous with a highly conserved region of FH. We also identified a shorter variant of IIA (IIAs, MW 28 kDa, pI 9.65), which lacks the 5′ half of the alternative fifth exon. The carboxy termini of all five gene products differ as a result of the alternative splicing events while the amino termini are the same. Using real-time PCR techniques, it was found that in prostate tumor tissue, both the A and B forms were over-expressed, suggesting co-regulation. The predominant IA form has an acidic pI and contains a peroxisomal targeting signal peptide, while the other four variants are basic proteins that lack the peroxisomal targeting signal peptide. All of the AMACR transcripts identified have been expressed as GST fusion proteins in  E-coli  and antibodies that specifically recognize these transcripts have been raised in rabbits. Immunohistochemistry done on prostate tissues using antibodies to these transcripts have shown a similar staining pattern as the main form of AMACR. These observations have implications for the cellular localization and function of these AMACR variants.
Abstract 9770: Anatomic Findings and Myocardial Extensions Into the Thoracic Venous Connections of the Heart
Authors: Christopher V DeSimone, Amit Noheria, Nirusha Lachman, William D Edwards, Apoor S Gami, Deepak Talreja, Paul A Friedman, Thomas M Munger, Stephen C Hammill, Douglas L Packer, Samuel J Asirvatham
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Cardiac veins serve as substrate for arrhythmogenesis, and are especially involved as foci in atrial fibrillation. Understanding cardiac vein anatomy along with myocardial extension into these structures can improve electrophysiological mapping and electrical isolation of arrhythmogenic substrate. Accurately defining cardiac vein anatomy is critical in improving success of ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. Methods: We performed measurements on 620 formalin-fixed autopsy hearts explanted from October 1998 to July 2003. The integrity of the thoracic veins and their cardiac connections were examined and systematic measurements of the superior and inferior vena cavae, azygous vein, vein of Marshall, coronary sinus, and pulmonary veins were performed and data were analyzed using univariate statistics. Results: We found that muscular extensions into the pulmonary veins were visible in 99% of the examined hearts, and were circumferential around the vein ostia (99.6%). Muscle extension into the SVC was found in 78% of examined hearts. These extensions were largely circumferential around the ostium (39%), but were also found to be asymmetric in a majority of hearts. Asymmetry was found in hearts with longer muscle extensions; no symmetry was observed in extensions greater than 0.8cm. Muscle extensions into the IVC were not seen. Occasionally, macroscopic muscle extensions into the azygous vein were visible (6%). The vein of Marshall was found to be patent to probing in the majority of hearts examined (72%) and was almost always overlying the lateral left atrial endocardial ridge. Conclusions: Our data suggest that all pulmonary veins need to be electrically isolated during atrial fibrillation ablation because of the almost universal presence of myocardial tissue extending into the veins. Mapping of the SVC should be done circumferentially and if potentials are noted isolation should also be performed. The IVC did not have muscle extensions and is unlikely to be a site of arrhythmogenesis. The azygous vein occasionally had muscle extensions and thus requires mapping and possible isolation. The vein of Marshall can be a substrate for arrhythmogenesis and is accessible for ablation by targeting the lateral left atrial endocardial ridge.
CNTO 859, a humanized anti-tissue factor monoclonal antibody, inhibits experimental metastasis and tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft models
Authors: Cam V. Ngo, Richard S. Tawadros, Francis L. McCabe, Hillary J. Millar, Marian T. Nakada, G. Mark Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

3004 

Tissue factor (TF) is a cell surface receptor that plays a critical role in hemostasis by acting as the primary initiator of the extrinsic clotting cascade. TF has been shown to be overexpressed on tumor cells and intra-tumoral endothelial cells in most major tumor types. TF activity is thought to be a major contributor to the thrombotic complications of cancer and plays an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In these studies we sought to determine the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities of the anti-TF antibody CNTO 859. CNTO 859 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to TF on cells with high affinity and inhibits TF activity by preventing Factor X from binding to the TF-Factor VIIa complex. CNTO 859 inhibits TF initiated coagulation of human plasma in vitro with an EC50 of 10 μg/mL. In the studies presented here we demonstrate that anti-TF therapy with CNTO 859 significantly inhibits the metastasis and growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts in SCID/Beige mice. Pre-treatment of SCID/Beige mice with CNTO 859 (20 mg/kg, i.v.) two hours prior to tumor cell challenge prevented lung surface colonization by human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells introduced via the lateral tail vein. Inhibition of metastasis formation was virtually complete with approximately 1000-fold fewer observable lesions in the CNTO 859 treated groups (either single bolus or q7d x 8) relative to saline (p=0.006) or control antibody (p=0.004) treated cohorts (Wilcoxon rank sum test, n=8). In a second model, MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells were orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pad of SCID/Beige mice. Intravenous treatment with CNTO 859 was initiated 3 days after tumor cell implantation. Animals were dosed at 20, 10, 5, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg (q7d x 8). Tumor growth was potently inhibited by greater than 90% at all dose levels relative to control antibody treated animals (0.0031<p< 0.0106, Wilcoxon two-sample test using t-distribution). These results suggest an important role for TF in tumor metastasis and growth in these models and that CNTO 859 may have utility in treating human cancers in the clinical setting.