tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Method for measuring the contractions of small hearts in organ culture
Authors: K. WILDENTHAL, D. R. HARRISON, G. H. TEMPLETON, W. C. REARDON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

An instrument that was originally designed to detect microvibrations of aircraft wings has been adapted for use in measuring the amplitude, rate, and time-course of contraction of isolated foetal mouse hearts. The device is capacitance-sensitive and responds to small displacements of objects in its electrical field. The beating of a heart positioned near the probe produces such displacements. The effects of noradrenaline, acetylcholine, calcium, and temperature as detected by the probe are similar to their effects on cardiac muscle shortening as measured by conventional techniques. The method has the advantage of not requiring physical attachment of transducers directly to the tissue, which can seriously damage the contractile ability of small, fragile hearts.
The Identification of a Tumor of the Cervix on PET/CT With Bladder Filling and Emptying
Authors: Keh-Bin Wang, Dom-Gene Tu, Song-Shan Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 64-year-old woman, G3P3, postmenopausal, was seen with newly diagnosed cervical cancer. She was healthy before the diagnosis, and did not have any systemic disorders in the past. However, the Papanicolau test and cytology were unusual. The patient had a colposcpoy with direct biopsy. The pathology showed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Before therapy, several methods were done in an attempt to define the stage. The MRI showed cervical cancer involving the vagina and supravaginal cervix, with parametrium invasion from the left side. However, the MRI image not display whether or not the tumor had invaded the urinary bladder. According to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage, the stage could be either stage IIb or stage IVa. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed for further evaluation. We designed a 2-step method. The first step used immediate, forced diuresis with 10 mg furosemide and oral hydration after acquiring the early image. The patient was encouraged to urinate. This procedure was done to eliminate the high FDG accumulation in the urinary bladder. Then, the second step was to withhold voiding for thirty minutes before obtaining the delayed third-hour image. The third-hour delayed image showed the cervical tumor clearly on the whole body scan, without invasion of the urinary bladder and rectum. Cystoscopy and colonscopy were performed for confirmation. Both results were compatible with the F-18 FDG PET/CT scan findings. Finally, the vaginal cervical tissue exhibited no evidence of stromal invasion. We believe that this 2-step method will have great benefit in cervical tumor survey.
THE DIONNE QUINTUPLETS
Authors: ALLAN ROY DAFOE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The arrival into the world of one baby is generally a matter of some local interest, but the arrival of five babies is so unusual that the interest spreads far afield and the event becomes worthy of recording in medical history.  During the last five hundred years there have been thirty-two authentic cases of quintuplets recorded. Of these, only one group of all five lived about an hour, and of another group, only one of the five lived for fifty days. To these records I wish to add a short history of the birth and early care of the Dionne quintuplets. At the time of writing (July 28, 1934) the five babies are thriving and healthy at the age of 2 months and are gaining steadily in weight.  My practice is situated in a French-Canadian settlement, with my home in Callander, a small village on the East shore of Lake
Intubation and Antitoxin in Diphtheritic Laryngitis.
Authors: Albert B. Strong
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Chicago, Oct. 10, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Intubation of the larynx in diphtheritic stenosis before antitoxin came into such general use, was much more common than now. Indeed, antitoxin seems to have very largely done away with the necessity for intubation. It is my firm conviction that: 1, when antitoxin is used early, the larynx will not become involved nearly as often as without it; 2, when the disease commences primarily in the larynx, it is sometimes arrested, requiring no surgical interference; and 3, when intubation is necessary, recoveries are more frequent than before antitoxin days. My experience in the surgical treatment of diphtheritic laryngitis is limited to 234 cases, the tube having been inserted in the last case twenty-four hours ago, and the patient is still wearing the tube, having a good prospect of recovery. All occurred in private practice. Tracheotomy was done in 30 of these, with a
Vascular pathobiology in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis – Current status and future directions
Authors: Yasuko Iwakiri, Vijay Shah, Don C. Rockey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Chronic liver disease is associated with remarkable alterations in the intra- and extrahepatic vasculature. Because of these changes, the fields of liver vasculature and portal hypertension have recently become closely integrated within the broader vascular biology discipline. As developments in vascular biology have evolved, a deeper understanding of vascular processes has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the dynamic vascular changes associated with portal hypertension and chronic liver disease. In this context, hepatic vascular cells, such as sinusoidal endothelial cells and pericyte-like hepatic stellate cells, are closely associated with one another, where they have paracrine and autocrine effects on each other and themselves. These cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Further, a variety of signaling pathways have recently come to light. These include growth factor pathways involving cytokines such as transforming growth factor β, platelet derived growth factor, and others as well as a variety of vasoactive peptides and other molecules. An early and consistent feature of liver injury is the development of an increase in intra-hepatic resistance; this is associated with changes in hepatic vascular cells and their signaling pathway that cause portal hypertension. A critical concept is that this process aggregates signals to the extrahepatic circulation, causing derangement in this system's cells and signaling pathways, which ultimately leads to the collateral vessel formation and arterial vasodilation in the splanchnic and systemic circulation, which by virtue of the hydraulic derivation of Ohm's law (pressure = resistance × flow), worsens portal hypertension. This review provides a detailed review of the current status and future direction of the basic biology of portal hypertension with a focus on the physiology, pathophysiology, and signaling of cells within the liver, as well as those in the mesenteric vascular circulation. Translational implications of recent research and the future directions that it points to are also highlighted.
THE IMPACT OF ELECTRICAL DELAY (QLV) ON THE BENEFIT OF ELECTROGRAM BASED AV OPTIMIZATION WITH CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY: FINDINGS FROM THE SMART-AV TRIAL
Authors: Michael Robert Gold, ulrika birgersdotter-green, Jagmeet Singh, Yinghong Yu, Timothy Meyer, Milan Seth, Kenneth Ellenbogen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Autoantibodies to DNA-dependent protein kinase. Probes for the catalytic subunit.
Authors: A Suwa, M Hirakata, Y Takeda, Y Okano, T Mimori, S Inada, F Watanabe, H Teraoka, W S Dynan, J A Hardin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is an important nuclear enzyme which consists of a catalytic subunit known as DNA-PKcs and a regulatory component identified as the Ku autoantigen. In the present study, we surveyed 312 patients in a search for this specificity. 10 sera immunoprecipitated a large polypeptide which exactly comigrated with DNA-PKcs in SDS-PAGE. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that this polypeptide was recognizable by a rabbit antiserum specific for DNA-PKcs. Although the patient sera did not bind to biochemically purified DNA-PKcs in immunoblots or ELISA, they were able to deplete DNA-PK catalytic activity from extracts of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that these antibodies should be useful probes for studies which aim to define the role of DNA-PK in cells. Since six sera simultaneously contained antibodies to the Ku protein, these studies suggest that relatively intact forms of DNA-PK complex act as autoantigenic particles in selected patients.
Acute vasodilator therapy increases renal clearance of digoxin in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: J J Cogan, M H Humphreys, C J Carlson, N L Benowitz, E Rapaport
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We studied the effect of vasodilator therapy on renal digoxin clearance in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Intravenous administration of nitroprusside or hydralazine to eight patients with severe heart failure produced the expected increase in cardiac output and a decrease in central circulatory pressure. Renal clearance of sodium para-aminohippurate and estimated renal blood flow increased without a change in glomerular filtration rate. Total renal clearance of digoxin increased by 50% during vasodilator therapy. Thus, acute administration of vasodilator increases renal digoxin clearance without changing glomerular filtration rate, suggesting an increase in tubular secretion of digoxin. Long-term vasodilator therapy may alter the maintenance dosage of digoxin required for optimal treatment of patients in congestive heart failure.
Anti-interleukin 5 But Not Anti-IgE Prevents Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: ECKARD HAMELMANN, GREG CIESLEWICZ, JURGEN SCHWARZE, T. ISHIZUKA, A. JOETHAM, C. HEUSSER, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The role of IL-5 and allergen-specific IgE in the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was investigated in a murine model. BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injection on Days 1 and 14, followed by airway challenge with OVA on Days 28 and 29. Anti-IL-5 (TRFK-5) or anti-IgE (antibody 1-5) was administered before each airway challenge. Sensitized and challenged mice developed increased OVA-specific IgE serum levels, Th2 cytokine production by peribronchial lymph node (PBLN) cells, increased numbers of eosinophils (predominantly located in the peribronchial regions of the lungs), and increased airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh). Anti-IgE treatment significantly decreased serum anti-OVA IgE levels and prevented the development of anaphylaxis but failed to affect T cell function, eosinophil airway infiltration, and AHR in sensitized and challenged mice. In contrast, treatment with anti-IL-5 antibody did not affect B cell (Ig serum levels), T cell (cytokine production), or mast cell function (immediate cutaneous reactivity) but completely inhibited development of eosinophilic lung inflammation and AHR. These data identify IL-5-mediated eosinophilia as a major target for development of AHR in this model, with little effect resulting from neutralization of IgE.
Discontinuing Antithyroid Drug Therapy before Ablation with Radioiodine in Graves Disease
Authors: Henry B. Burch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the relative effects on thyroid hormone levels of discontinuing antithyroid drug therapy and subsequent ablation with radioiodine in patients with hyperthyroid Graves disease. Design: A clinical trial with a prospective analysis of the relative change in thyroid hormone levels over time in response to therapy in two study groups. Setting: An outpatient endocrine clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Patients: 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroid Graves disease scheduled to receive ablation therapy with radioiodine (Iodine-131): 17 patients were pretreated with antithyroid drugs, and 4 were not. Methods: Antithyroid drugs were stopped 6 days before radioiodine therapy. Patients were monitored clinically and biochemically with measurement of free and total levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) on days −6, −3, −1; the day of radioiodine therapy; and days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 14. Results: Before radioiodine treatment and compared with baseline measurement, the mean increase in free T4 levels after discontinuation of antithyroid therapy was 86% (95% CI, 16.1% to 156%), with a concurrent mean increase in free T3 levels of 71.6% (CI, 31% to 112%). Radioiodine therapy resulted in a mean decrease in free T3 levels of 28.7% (CI, −44.1% to −13.2%), a mean decrease in total T3 levels of 22.9% (CI, −39.4% to −6.4%), and stability in free and total T4 levels rather than aggravation of thyrotoxicosis. A smaller group of patients not receiving antithyroid drugs experienced a course qualitatively similar to that of pretreated patients after Iodine-131 treatment, with a mean reduction in free T4 levels of 39.8% (CI, −69.9% to −9.7%)and a mean decrease in free T3 levels of 49.4% (CI, −93.7% to −5.1%). Conclusion: Short-term increases in thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves disease receiving radioiodine ablation occur primarily as a result of discontinuing antithyroid therapy rather than as a result of treatment with Iodine-131. Stability or decrease in thyroid hormone levels, rather than further elevation, occurs during the 2-week interval after ablation therapy with Iodine-131. Antithyroid drug therapy before radioiodine ablation may have little effect on the short-term biochemical course after Iodine-131 therapy for Graves disease. The homogeneity of our sample regarding age, diagnosis, and general health may prevent application of these findings to other populations without further study.
A New Method of Treating Neuralgia of the Trigeminus by the Injection of Alcohol into the Gasserian Ganglion
Authors: John G. Sheldon
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In The Journal, May 3, 1913, p. 1354, Dr. Julius Grinker gives credit to Dr. Härtel of Berlin for working out a method for injecting the gasserian ganglion. In 1900 Schlösser began experiments to devise a method of direct injection of the ganglion; and in 1907 (<i>München. med. Wchnschr.</i>, April 30), he published a method which, so far as I can judge, is identical with Härtel's I desire to call attention to the intrabuccal method of injecting the gasserian ganglion described by Ostwalt. After experimenting with both methods on cadavers, I preferred decidedly the Ostwalt or intrabuccal route. I have injected the gasserian ganglion in the living subject sixteen times. Three patients were injected with alcohol for neuralgia, and in thirteen patients 0.5 per cent, of novocain was injected to produce anesthesia for the performance of surgical operations. In two other patients I failed to reach the
A prospective characterization of the resolution of ixabepilone induced peripheral neuropathy: data from a large registrational program in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: E Perez, X Pivot, E Vrdoljak, JA Sparano, C Vogel, R Peck, P Mukhopadhyay, L Vahdat
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6140 Background:&amp;#x2028; Ixabepilone (ixa), the first in a new class of antineoplastic agents, showed clinical benefit in combination with capecitabine (C) in 2 large clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pts whose tumors were resistant to (study 046, JCO, 2007) or pretreated with anthracycline (A) and taxanes (T) (study 048). In 048, ixa + C, compared to C alone, demonstrated significant increases in PFS (HR 0.79 [0.69-0.90]) and ORR (43% vs 29%). A trend toward increased OS was seen both in 048 (HR 0.90 [0.78-1.03]) and in 046 (HR 0.90 [0.77-1.05]), which did not reach statistical significance. Similar to taxanes, dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a side effect associated with ixa treatment. Here we present the incidence rates, management of ixa-induced PN from 3 registrational studies in pts with MBC and an analysis of resolution time. Also, data on potential risk factors for PN are presented.&amp;#x2028; Methods:&amp;#x2028; Incidence of PN is summarized from a 2000 pt program from 3 multi-center clinical trials. In this program, almost 1100 pts with MBC received ixa either as a monotherapy (40 mg/m2 IV over 3h Q3w, N=126) in a phase II study, or in combination with C (1000 mg/m2 PO BID x14d Q3w) in 2 large phase III studies (N = 369 and N = 595). PN was evaluated every 4 weeks after completion of treatment until toxicity was resolved. Resolution of PN was defined as the time from onset of worst grade to baseline or grade 1. A Cox regression analysis was also performed on a dataset of 945 pts with different tumor types across multiple studies, receiving ixa as a monotherapy or in combination with C, to identify the potential risk factors for grade 3/4 PN.&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; Incidence rates of grade 3/4 PN and resolution time observed in 1 phase III study (046) and the phase II (081) have been published before (081: JCO, 25; 3407). Here we present the data from the final confirmatory phase III study (048).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; PN was effectively managed with dose reduction. After dose reduction, symptoms improved or did not worsen in the majority of pts, and a median of 2-3 additional treatment cycles were delivered. Pts with diabetes were at a higher risk of grade 3/4 PN (HR: 1.67 [1.00-2.78], p-value = 0.049).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions:&amp;#x2028; Incidence of ixa-associated PN was similar to that observed in trials of other T based regiments. Ixa-induced PN has a predictable median time to resolution of 5-6 weeks over 3 large studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6140.
Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry: An Interpersonal Approach
Authors: Frida G. Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This textbook reflects the theory of Harry Stack Sullivan that faulty interpersonal relationships cause functional psychiatric disorders. Therefore, the author singles out the interpersonal approach as the most important mode of psychotherapy. The 28 chapters of the book are arranged in eight parts. The first contains the theory of the interpersonal approach, the history of psychiatry, and definitions of the commonly used psychiatric terms. In the second part the author thoroughly covers the interviewing techniques and other methods of psychiatric examination. The subsequent four sections include descriptions of psychiatric disorders, attributed to faulty relationships with significant persons; psychiatric disorders caused by organic brain disease; mental deficiency; and problems of emotional adjustment from childhood through old age. Finally, the last two parts describe treatment, organization of psychiatric services, and legal psychiatry. His rich personal clinical experience enables the author to provide a thoughtful and comprehensive coverage of modern clinical psychiatry. This
The genome and transcriptome of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum identify infection-specific gene families
Authors: Erich M Schwarz, Yan Hu, Igor Antoshechkin, Melanie M Miller, Paul W Sternberg, Raffi V Aroian
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)

Erich Schwarz and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. They also analyze the transcriptome through the course of infection in golden hamsters and identify groups of genes showing differential regulation across different stages. Hookworms infect over 400 million people, stunting and impoverishing them1,2,3. Sequencing hookworm genomes and finding which genes they express during infection should help in devising new drugs or vaccines against hookworms4,5. Unlike other hookworms, Ancylostoma ceylanicum infects both humans and other mammals, providing a laboratory model for hookworm disease6,7. We determined an A. ceylanicum genome sequence of 313 Mb, with transcriptomic data throughout infection showing expression of 30,738 genes. Approximately 900 genes were upregulated during early infection in vivo, including ASPRs, a cryptic subfamily of activation-associated secreted proteins (ASPs)8. Genes downregulated during early infection included ion channels and G protein–coupled receptors; this downregulation was observed in both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Later, at the onset of heavy blood feeding, C-lectin genes were upregulated along with genes for secreted clade V proteins (SCVPs), encoding a previously undescribed protein family. These findings provide new drug and vaccine targets and should help elucidate hookworm pathogenesis.
Adjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide x 4 with or without bevacizumab is safe: no evidence of short-term changes in left ventricular ejection fraction.
Authors: PG Morris, M Dickler, H McArthur, T Traina, L Godfrey, R Steingart, H Rugo, N Lin, B Moy, S Come, S Sugarman, L Norton, CA Hudis, C Dang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4102 Background&amp;#x2028; Dose-Dense (dd) doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC)-paclitaxel (P) is superior to q3w AC-P. Both are associated with a &amp;lt;1% incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF). The advent of targeted therapies potentially raises the risks of cardiac toxicity. We have, therefore, conducted 3 sequential safety studies using ddAC → P, one of which included bevacizumab (B) concurrently with ddAC. Here we report the cardiac safety of ddAC alone or with B.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were treated on successive trials of ddAC → P and trastuzumab (T) (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &amp;gt; 55%) and ddAC → PT-lapatinib (LVEF &amp;gt; 50%). Patients with HER2-normal breast cancer were treated with B-ddAC → B-nanoparticle albumin-bound-P (LVEF &amp;gt; 50%). In all 3 trials LVEF was measured by MUGA scan at enrolment and at month 2 following completion of ddAC x 4. Prospective cardiac safety assessments before and after q 2 week AC x 4 were aggregated to determine the acute risks of cardiac dysfunction.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; From Jan '05 to May '08 236 pts were enrolled in 3 trials. Median age was 47yrs (range 27-75). Median LVEF pre-ddAC was 68% (range 52-82%). LVEF post-ddAC is available in 233 pts (99%) (1 pt withdrew consent, 1 progressive disease, 1 died from viral pneumonia). Median LVEF was unchanged at 68% (range 47-81%). No pt developed symptomatic CHF. Two pts had asymptomatic LVEF decline &amp;gt;15%: 1 pt (post B-ddAC) had decline from 71 to 53%, which improved to 64% in 4 wks and 1 pt (post ddAC) had decline 68% to 47%, which improved to 64% in 4 wks. No other pt had asymptomatic LVEF decline below 50%. Five of six pts with LVEF declines of 10-15% had improvement in LVEFs and continued treatment while 1 withdrew consent. Post-ddAC LVEF was similar whether or not pts received B.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions&amp;#x2028; Previously reported high rates of asymptomatic LVEF post q3w AC leading to pt dropout were not seen in these studies of ddAC or B-ddAC. Post-ddAC LVEFs were similar with or without concurrent bevacizumab. Dose-dense AC is safe and not associated with frequent acute changes in LVEF regardless of the concurrent use of B. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4102.