tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of early‐ and late‐phase reactions to bronchial allergen challenge
Authors: L. Haugaard, M. Iversen, R. Dahl
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The influence of inhaled steroids and predictive factors on the response to bronchial allergen challenge (BCA) was evaluated in 80 asthmatics allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p). All underwent BCA with Der p and measurement of early (EAR) and late asthmatic reaction (LAR). The cumulative dose of allergen producing 20% fall in FEV1 in the EAR (PD20) was calculated. Bronchial histamine provocation, conjunctival provocation test (CPT), and skin prick test with Der p extract were performed. Specific IgE to Der p in serum (RAST), blood eosinophil (EOS) count, serum eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil protein X were measured. Thirty patients (38%) were treated with inhaled steroids. All patients had at least a 20% fall in FEV1 in EAR. Some 42% of nonsteroid- and 33% of steroid-treated patients had LAR with fall in peak flow of at least 20%. For patients not treated with steroid, 35% of variation in PD20 was explained by RAST and histamine reactivity, and 53% of variation of observed PD20 could be predicted. The baseline FEV1, EOS, and EAR explained 28% of variation in LAR, and 28% of variation in observed LAR could be predicted. For patients treated with steroids, 38% of variation in PD20 was explained by EOS and histamine reactivity, and only 18% of variation of observed PD20 could be predicted. For patients treated with steroids, it was impossible to predict LAR. We conclude that to achieve a quantitative estimation of allergen-specific EAR and LAR, BCA cannot be replaced by the tests used in this study. Treatment with inhaled steroids modifies the response to BCA, making quantitative prediction of EAR less accurate and prediction of the magnitude of LAR impossible.
The Beveridge Report
Authors: R. Heys
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After a distinguished career in the civil service and then as undersecretary at the Ministry of Labour in Churchill’s wartime coalition government, in December 1940 Sir William Beveridge was sidelined to head up an obscure inquiry into the coordination of social services. This duty was widely considered a demotion, related to his poor relationships with influential trade unionists—Beveridge had been involved in drafting legislation to limit collective bargaining in wartime.

Beveridge too thought he was being marginalised and accepted the post with great reluctance, yet ironically it was the report arising from this inquiry that secured his reputation as …
Meta-analysis of Functional Outcomes and Complications Following Transurethral Procedures for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Resulting from Benign Prostatic Enlargement
Authors: Sascha A. Ahyai, Peter Gilling, Steven A. Kaplan, Rainer M. Kuntz, Stephan Madersbacher, Francesco Montorsi, Mark J. Speakman, Christian G. Stief
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Congenital aneurysms of the left atrium: recognition by cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: R A Foale, T C Gibson, D E Guyer, L Gillam, M E King, A E Weyman
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The two-dimensional echocardiographic features of three patients with congenital aneurysms of the left atrium are described. The aneurysm arose from the left atrial appendage in two patients and from the posterior left atrial wall in one. The aneurysms were characterized by their origin from an otherwise normal left atrium, a well-defined neck, their position within the pericardial space, and distortion of the left ventricular free wall by the aneurysmal body. The differentiation of these structures from other abnormalities of the left atrium are also discussed. Two-dimensional echocardiography is a safe and reliable method for diagnosing congenital aneurysm of the left atrium, and such studies should be considered in any patient with an otherwise unexplained abnormality on the chest radiograph.
S75 The development and validation of a clinical severity score for infants with bronchiolitis: Abstract S75 Table 1.
Authors: C van Miert, J Abbott, F Verhoeff, S Lane, B Carter, PS McNamara
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection of infancy.<sup>1</sup>1–3% of all infants are admitted to hospital with 3% of hospitalised infants requiring critical care.<sup>2 </sup> <h3>Objective</h3> To develop and validate a scoring instrument for use by health care professionals (HCPs) in infants with bronchiolitis which has clinical utility. <h3>Methods</h3> Psychometric methods were used to develop the scoring instrument and to test the instrument for validity and reliability in a variety of clinical locations. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Item generation, reduction &amp; instrument development:</i> 101 items were identified from the literature and focus group workshops (families &amp; HCPs). Consensus for importance was achieved for 45 items (Table 1) following a Delphi survey of 195 HCPs. A scoring instrument with 12 domains was developed. <i>Content validity: </i>The scoring instrument was applied to infants (n = 115) by HCPs who were asked to rate each item/domain for clinical relevance. All items/domains were assessed as relevant. However there were substantial missing data for two domains (chest auscultation/blood gas analysis) as certain HCP groups could not undertake these procedures. These two domains were consequently removed. <i>Cognitive interviewing: </i>HCPs (n = 15) were interviewed in order to assess comprehension, interpretation and how they arrived at their responses for each item/domain in the scoring instrument. Understanding of medical vocabulary was assessed. ‘Sub-sternal recession’ was removed and ‘anuric’ changed to ‘not passed urine’. <i>Construct validity &amp; paediatrician inter-rater reliability: </i>HCPs applied the scoring instrument to infants (n = 128) whilst two senior doctors assessed whether the infant had ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ bronchiolitis. Cut points within the score have now been established for ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ bronchiolitis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have developed and partially validated a clinical severity score for infants with bronchiolitis. Criterion and reliability testing of the score is planned for the 2013/14 bronchiolitis season. Responsiveness to change will be assessed in a future clinical trial. <h3>References</h3> Bialy L <i><i>et al</i></i>. The Treatment of Bronchiolitis in Children: An Overview of Reviews. <i>Evid.-Based Child Health</i> 2011; 6: 258–275 Damore D <i><i>et al</i></i>. Prospective multicentre bronchiolitis study: predicting ICU admissions<i>. Acad Emerg Med</i> 2008; 15(10): 887–894.
747 LOW BURDEN OF DRUG-RESISTANT HBV STRAINS IN ANTI-HBV DRUG-EXPERIENCED AND NAIVE PATIENTS
Authors: R. Salpini, V. Cento, F. Scopelliti, A. Bertoli, C. Gori, V. Micheli, G. Gubertini, G.M. De Sanctis, C. Sarrecchia, M. Andreoni, M. Angelico, V. Svicher, C.F. Perno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Selective inhibitor of Janus tyrosine kinase 3, PNU156804, prolongs allograft survival and acts synergistically with cyclosporine but additively with rapamycin
Authors: Stanislaw M. Stepkowski, Rebecca A. Erwin-Cohen, Fariba Behbod, Mou-Er Wang, Xienui Qu, Neelam Tejpal, Zsuzsanna S. Nagy, Barry D. Kahan, Robert A. Kirken
Journal: Blood (2002)
The strategic logic of costly punishment necessitates natural field experiments, and at least one such experiment exists
Authors: Tim Johnson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Costly punishment's scarcity “in the wild” does not belie strong reciprocity theory as Guala claims. In the presence of strong reciprocators, strategic defectors will cooperate and sanctioning will not occur. Accordingly, natural field experiments are necessary to assess a “wide” reading of costly punishment experiments. One such field experiment exists, and it supports the hypothesis that costly punishment promotes cooperation.
Scorpaenidae envenomation. A five-year poison center experience
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer, Howard E. McKinney, Paul S. Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This article describes 51 cases of Scorpaenidae envenomation, 45 of which were lionfish stings to aquarists or fish handlers. The primary manifestation of envenomation in all victims was intense local pain. Various other local and systemic symptoms were also noted. Immersion in hot water produced either complete (80%) or moderate (14%) symptomatic relief in 94% of the victims. This simple and effective treatment was generally unknown to emergency personnel treating these patients.
English survey shows wide disparity in joint replacement rates
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rates of joint replacement surgery in England vary significantly across regions, a new report says.

The number of procedures per 100 000 people was as much as 30% higher in some regions than in others. “Our data suggest that there are inequalities, and probably inequities, in the provision of joint replacements in England,” says the report, which was published ahead of print publication on 29 September in Public Health (www.sciencedirect.com, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.06.003).

“We believe that there is an urgent need for the development of consensus on the indications for these operations and of …
Blood Lead Level and Risk of Asthma
Authors: Christine L.M. Joseph, Suzanne Havstad, Dennis R. Ownby, Edward L. Peterson, Mary Maliarik, Michael J. McCabe, Charles Barone, Christine Cole Johnson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Asthma and lead poisoning are prevalent among urban children in the United States. Lead exposure may be associated with excessive production of immunoglobulin E, possibly increasing asthma risk and contributing to racial disparities. The objective of this study was to examine racial differences in the association of blood lead level (BLL) to risk of developing asthma. We established and followed a cohort prospectively to determine asthma onset, using patient encounters and drug claims obtained from hospital databases. Participants were managed care enrollees with BLL measured and documented at 1-3 years of age. We used multiple variable analysis techniques to determine the relationship of BLL to period prevalent and incident asthma. Of the 4,634 children screened for lead from 1995 through 1998, 69.5% were African American, 50.5% were male, and mean age was 1.2 years. Among African Americans, BLL > or = 5 and BLL > or = 10 microg/dL were not associated with asthma. The association of BLL > or = 5 microg/dL with asthma among Caucasians was slightly elevated, but not significant [adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-2.9; p = 0.40]. Despite the small number of Caucasians with high BLL, the adjHR increased to 2.7 (95% CI, 0.9-8.1; p = 0.09) when more stringent criteria for asthma were used. When compared with Caucasians with BLL < 5 microg/dL, African Americans were at a significantly increased risk of asthma regardless of BLL (adjHR = 1.4-3.0). We conclude that an effect of BLL on risk of asthma for African Americans was not observed. These results demonstrate the need for further exploration of the complex interrelationships between race, asthma phenotype, genetic susceptibilities, and socioenvironmental exposures, including lead.
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with A <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled Anti-HER2 Nanobody
Authors: Matthias D'Huyvetter, Cécile Vincke, Catarina Xavier, An Aerts, Nathalie Impens, Sarah Baatout, Hendrik De Raeve, Serge Muyldermans, Vicky Caveliers, Nick Devoogdt, Tony Lahoutte
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

RIT has become an attractive strategy in cancer treatment, but still faces important drawbacks due to poor tumor penetration and undesirable pharmacokinetics of the targeting vehicles.Smaller radiolabeled antibody fragments and peptides feature highly specific target accumulation, resulting in low accumulation in healthy tissue, except for the kidneys.Nanobodies are the smallest (MW < 15 kDa) functional antigen-binding fragments that are derived from heavy chain-only camelid antibodies.Here, we show that the extend of kidney retention of nanobodies is predominantly dictated by the number of polar residues in the C-terminal amino acid tag.Three nanobodies were produced with different C-terminal amino-acid tag sequences (Myc-His-tagged, His-tagged, and untagged).Dynamic planar imaging of Wistar rats with 111 In-DTPA-nanobodies revealed that untagged nanobodies showed a 70 % drop in kidney accumulation compared to Myc-His-tagged nanobodies at 50 min p.i..In addition, coinfusion of untagged nanobodies with the plasma expander Gelofusin led to a final reduction of 90 %.Similar findings were obtained with different 177 Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d nanobody constructs in HER2 pos tumor xenografted mice at 1 h p.i.. Kidney accumulation decreased 88 % when comparing Myc-His-tagged to untagged 2Rs15d nanobody, and 95 % with a coinfusion of Gelofusin, without affecting the tumor targeting capacity.Consequently, we identified a generic method to reduce kidney retention of radiolabeled nanobodies.Dosimetry calculations of Gelofusin-coinfused, untagged 177 Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d revealed a dose of 0.90 Gy/MBq that was delivered to both tumor and kidneys and extremely low doses to healthy tissues.In a comparative study, 177 Lu-DTPA-Trastuzumab supplied 6 times more radiation to the tumor than untagged 177 Lu-DTPA-2Rs15d, but concomitantly also a 155, 34, 80, 26 and 4180 fold higher radioactivity burden to lung, liver, spleen, bone and blood.Most importantly, nanobody-based targeted radionuclide therapy in mice bearing small estiblashed HER2 pos tumors led to an almost complete blockade of tumor growth and a significant difference in event-free survival between the treated and the control groups (P < 0.0001).Based on histology analyses, no evidence of renal inflammation, apoptosis or necrosis was obtained. Ivyspring International
NORMAL STANDARDS IN TREAMENT OF ONE HUNDRED CASES OF DIABETES WITH INSULIN
Authors: JOSEPH H. BARACH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Those who realize that most of the satisfaction of the practitioner of medicine must come from within will agree that the past year must have been the most satisfying one in the lives of many medical men. To have had patients come in a state of exhaustion that made walking the greatest effort, or brought on a stretcher, hungry but unable to eat, with thirst that could not be quenched, so low in flesh and strength that the memory of their former selves caused them mental anguish, pained by neuritis, pruritus or furunculosis— to have seen all this and to have had a part in the transformation, whereby, with the use of insulin and a proper diet over a short period of time, these patients have enjoyed food and drink, have increased in weight and strength and, having regained the appearance of normal health, have returned to their families and
Hospitalization and Mortality of Diabetes in Older Adults: A 3-year prospective study
Authors: Mark J Rosenthal, Mercedes Fajardo, Stephanie Gilmore, John E Morley, Bruce D Naliboff
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE In light of increased fatality from acute events and the increased frequency of chronic complications, life expectancy might well be shortened in older patients with diabetes. The current studies investigated factors affecting the likelihood of dying or being hospitalized in older patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 135 older patients with diabetes were followed for 3 years after predictive factors were evaluated and compared with a cohort of patients without diabetes. RESULTS Mortality was only 3,250 per 100,000 patient-years, similar to that for patients without diabetes, but the frequency of hospitalizations was more than twice as high in patients with diabetes. Five factors predicted hospitalization and death. Of these, the geriatric depression score was the best predictor of these poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Older patients with diabetes were hospitalized more often than those without diabetes, but mortality was similar. Dysphoria is a major predictor of poor outcomes in older patients with diabetes.
The interferon regulatory factor 5 gene confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and influences its erosive phenotype
Authors: K. Dawidowicz, Y. Allanore, M. Guedj, C. Pierlot, S. Bombardieri, A. Balsa, R. Westhovens, P. Barrera, H. Alves, V. H. Teixeira, E. Petit-Teixeira, L. van de Putte, P. van Riel, B. Prum, T. Bardin, O. Meyer, F. Cornelis, P. Dieude
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Increased expression of type I IFN genes, also referred to as an IFN signature, has been detected in various autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interferon regulatory factors, such as IRF5, coordinate type I IFN expression. Multiple IRF5 variants were suggested as autoimmunity susceptibility factors.As the linkage proof remains important to establish fully any genetic RA susceptibility factor, the authors took advantage of the largest reported European trio family resource dedicated to RA to test for linkage IRF5 and performed a genotype-phenotype analysis.1140 European Caucasian individuals from 380 RA trio families were genotyped for IRF5 rs3757385, rs2004640 and rs10954213 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).Single marker analysis provided linkage evidence for each IRF5 SNP investigated. IRF5 linked to RA with two haplotypes: the CTA risk haplotype 'R' (transmission (T)=60.6%, p=23.1×10(-5)) and the AGG protective haplotype 'P' (T=39.6%, p=0.0015). Linkage was significantly stronger in non-erosive disease for both IRF5 R and P haplotypes (T=73.9%, p=4.20×10(-5) and T=19.6%, p=3.66×10(-5), respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found IRF5 linked to RA independently of the rheumatoid factor status. IRF5 RR and PP haplotypic genotypes were associated with RA, restricted to the non-erosive phenotype: p=1.68×10(-4), OR 4.80, 95% CI 2.06 to 11.19; p=0.003, OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.57, respectively.This study provides the 'association and linkage proof' establishing IRF5 as a RA susceptibility gene and the identification of a genetic factor that seems to contribute to the modulation of the erosive phenotype. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of IRF5 in RA and its subphenotypes.
Early mucosal changes in Crohn's disease.
Authors: E A Sankey, A P Dhillon, A Anthony, A J Wakefield, R Sim, L More, M Hudson, A M Sawyerr, R E Pounder
Journal: Gut (1993)

Aphthoid ulceration has been regarded as an early macroscopic feature of Crohn9s disease, yet the cause of this mucosal lesion is unknown. Examination of areas of apparently normal and non-inflamed bowel in Crohn9s disease has allowed the identification of mucosal changes which occur before macroscopic and microscopic ulceration. Thirty five resection specimens from patients with Crohn9s disease were compared with 12 specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis and 13 controls. Specimens were fixed either by immersion in formalin in the routine way or by perfusion fixation with formalin at mean arterial pressure. Immunostaining for macrophages, vessel wall, and blood constituents allowed identification of small mucosal capillaries which were not apparent otherwise. In Crohn9s disease damage and rupture of these small capillaries occurred before infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory cells. Loss of the overlying epithelium seemed to follow this vascular damage.
Regular Review: Financing health care: lessons from abroad
Authors: R. J Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

may be resolved by a trial that reflects the common clinical practice of using these fluids in combination. Smith and Norman reported that a mixture of colloid and crystalloid produced significantly better results than either colloid or crystalloid alone?in a trial that included assessment of oxygen delivery and consumption.14 My practice is to give colloid for the first 1500 ml of fluid replacement (to achieve rapid restoration of intravascular volume) and thereafter to use a combination of crystalloid and colloid (in a ratio of roughly two to one) supplemented by red cell transfusion to maintain a packed cell volume of about 30%. The colloid I use is gelatin since it is inexpensive, has a shortish half life, produces an osmotic diuresis, and is free from adverse effects on haemostasis and crossmatching. G Ramsay
Comparison of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Cardiac Troponin I in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain
Authors: Michael C. Kontos, Robert L. Jesse, F. Philip Anderson, Kristin L. Schmidt, Joseph P. Ornato, James L. Tatum
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Identification of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) among those who present to emergency departments with possible myocardial ischemia is difficult. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99m Tc sestamibi and measurement of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) both can identify patients with ACS. Methods and Results —Patients considered at low to moderate risk for ACS underwent gated single-photon emission CT sestamibi imaging and serial myocardial marker measurements of creatine kinase–MB, total creatine kinase activity, and cTnI over 8 hours. Positive perfusion imaging was defined as a perfusion defect with associated abnormalities in wall motion or thickening. cTnI ≥2.0 ng/mL was considered abnormal. Among the 620 patients studied, 59 (9%) had myocardial infarction and 81 (13%) had significant coronary disease; of these patients, 58 underwent revascularization. Perfusion imaging was positive in 241 patients (39%), initial cTnI was positive in 37 (6%), and cTnI was ≥2.0 ng/mL in 74 (12%). Sensitivity for detecting myocardial infarction was not significantly different between perfusion imaging (92%) and cTnI (90%), and both were significantly higher than the initial cTnI (39%). Sensitivity for predicting revascularization or significant coronary disease was significantly higher for perfusion imaging than for serial cTnI, although specificity for all end points was significantly lower. Lowering the cutoff value of cTnI to 1.0 ng/mL did not significantly change the results. Conclusions —Early perfusion imaging and serial cTnI have comparable sensitivities for identifying myocardial infarction. Perfusion imaging identified more patients who underwent revascularization or who had significant coronary disease, but it had lower specificity. The 2 tests can provide complementary information for identifying patients at risk for ACS.
Effect of pH Change upon Renal Vascular Resistance and Urine Flow
Authors: D. A. EMANUEL, MALCOLM FLEISHMAN, F. J. HADDY, Jerry Scott
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

In the dog kidney, acute increase and decrease in hydrogen ion concentration results in decrease and increase in renal vascular resistance respectively. These changes occur predominantly on the alkaline side of pH 7.3 and result from some direct effect upon vascular smooth muscle. The re sistance changes are less apparent in nerve intact than nerve sectioned kidneys due to opposing effects mediated through extrinsic nerves.
The clathrin-binding domain of CALM and the OM-LZ domain of AF10 are sufficient to induce acute myeloid leukemia in mice
Authors: A J Deshpande, A Rouhi, Y Lin, C Stadler, P A Greif, N Arseni, S Opatz, L Quintanilla-Fend, K Holzmann, W Hiddemann, K Döhner, H Döhner, G Xu, S A Armstrong, S K Bohlander, C Buske
Journal: Leukemia (2011)