tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial and metachronous malignant lymphoma: Absence of constitutional p53 mutations
Authors: Claudia P�tzsch, Hans-Eckart Schaefer, Michael L�bbert
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Familial and metachronous aggregations of malignant lymphoma are well-documented, but the molecular basis of a predisposition for development of lymphoma is as yet unclear. Malignant lymphomas have been described as part of the spectrum of neoplasias in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), which is associated with constitutional mutations of p53. However, p53 germline mutations have also, albeit less frequently, been described in patients not fitting the clinical definition of LFS. To clarify whether a genetic predisposition for lymphoma is associated with constitutional p53 mutations, DNA from normal blood lymphocytes of 12 lymphoma patients with a family history of lymphoma and/or with metachronous lymphoma (median age 37 years) was examined for mutations of p53 exons 4–8. One patient had four first-degree relatives with Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and carcinomas, but the family history did not fulfill criteria of LFS. Four patients with Hodgkin's disease were diagnosed with metachronous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as a second malignant neoplasm. No constitutional p53 mutations were detected in any of these patients, implying that outside the clinical spectrum of LFS, constitutional p53 mutations are rare in patients with lymphomas. Am. J. Hematol. 62:144–149, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Embryo Transfer and Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Leslie Iffy
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The important article of Dr Gary D. Hodgen<sup>1</sup>describing surrogate embryo transfer in monkeys mentions the unexpected demise of one of the donors from tuboovarian ectopic pregnancy. Much to his credit, the author did not dismiss this observation, obviously unrelated to the field of his primary interest, but discussed it in some detail and aptly concluded that most likely "it was a result of the procedure" that involved retrograde lavage of the reproductive tract during the process of collecting ova. He attributed, therefore, the ectopic displacement and implantation of the ovum to "retrograde flow." In the light of this interesting observation, it deserves mention that the first successful attempt by Steptoe and Edwards<sup>2</sup>of reimplanting an ovum fertilized in vitro resulted in tubal implantation under circumstances similar to those described by Dr Hodgen. The mechanism itself that he held responsible for the accidental ectopic implantation
Nitrite and thiocyanate in the fasting and secreting stomach and in saliva.
Authors: W S Ruddell, L M Blendis, C L Walters
Journal: Gut (1977)

The concentrations of nitrite and thiocyanate in fasting and pentagastrin stimulated gastric juice and in saliva have been examined. Nitrite was found in all of 17 samples of fasting gastric juice, mean 4-9 +/- 1-1 muM. Stimulation of gastric secretion with pentagastrin caused no significant change in nitrite concentration. Thiocyanate was detected in all of 21 samples of fasting gastric juice and the difference in concentration between smokers and non-smokers probably reflects similar differences in saliva. In contrast to the nitrite data there was a significant drop in thiocyanate concentration of gastric juice after pentagastrin from 0-9 +/- 0-1 mM to 0-3 +/- 0-04 mM, suggesting a salivary origin for the thiocyanate in gastric juice. Thiocyanate is a powerful catalyst of nitrosation, which, together with small amounts of nitrite and naturally occurring amines could lead to the intragastric formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines and in certain circumstances be a factor in the aetiology of gastric cancer.
Direct to Confusion: Lessons Learned from Marketing BRCA Testing
Authors: Ellen Matloff, Arthur Caplan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Myriad Genetics holds a patent on testing for the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, and therefore has a forced monopoly on this critical genetic test. Myriad launched a Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing campaign in the Northeast United States in September 2007 and plans to expand that campaign to Florida and Texas in 2008. The ethics of Myriad's patent, forced monopoly and DTC campaign will be reviewed, as well as the impact of this situation on patient access and care, physician liability, and the future of DTC campaigns for genetic testing.
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral vascular disease
Authors: A. J Makin
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic as intermittent claudication in 2-3% of men and 1-2 % of women aged over 60 years. However, the prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease, generally shown by a reduced ankle to brachial systolic pressure index, is three to four times greater. Peripheral vascular disease is also a significant cause of hospital admission, and is an important predicator of cardiovascular mortality. Pain at rest and critical ischaemia are usually the result of progression of atherosclerotic disease, leading to multilevel arterial occlusion. Other causes of arterial insufficiency—including fibromuscular dysplasia, inflammatory conditions, and congenital malformations—are much rarer.

Therapeutic objectives in peripheral vascular disease include relieving symptoms and preventing the disease, and any associated events, progressing.

View this table:

Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral vascular disease



The symptoms of peripheral vascular disease are progressive. A claudicating patient encouraged to exercise tends to report a symptomatic improvement. This effect is generally not accepted to be an improvement in the diseased segment of blood vessel, but the formation of collateral vessels perfusing the ischaemic tissue.

Vasodilating agents, such as naftidrofuryl, have little value in managing claudication and peripheral vascular disease as their effect is small and does not stop progression of the disease. Cilostazol has been shown to increase absolute walking distance in some patients by up to 47%. However, it has no clear antithrombotic effect and has not been shown to stop disease progression.

Unfortunately, not all progression is amenable to improvement and, without the appropriate risk factor management, progression to rest pain and necrosis can be rapid.

The role of aspirin as an antiplatelet agent has been shown to be beneficial beyond doubt. In peripheral vascular disease it reduces the frequency of thrombotic events in the peripheral arteries and reduces overall cardiovascular mortality in claudicating patients. The dose …
Dynamics of Carotid Sinus Elasticity During Pressor Reaction
Authors: Ján Gero, Mária Gerová
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The volume-elasticity coefficient of the sinocarotid region, in vivo and in situ, in experiments on anesthetized dogs, was studied in the course of an induced pressor reaction in order to elucidate some controversial questions concerning the role of the distensibility of the sinus wall in the mechanisms of excitation of the sinocarotid receptors. The coefficient of volume-elasticity, calculated as pulse pressure/pulse volume ratio, was evaluated in relation to mean B.P., recorded simultaneously. Changes in the coefficient of elasticity of the sinocarotid region were found to precede compensation of the pressor reaction, viz., in the period of compensation the coefficient of elasticity of the sinocarotid wall--under otherwise equal physical conditions--was lower than in the period of rising pressure. The above-mentioned relations can be ascertained also after resection of the Hering nerve, i.e., after deafferentation and serious injury to the efferent innervation of the sinocarotid region. These changes are probably brought about by an automatic myogenic activity of smooth muscles of the vascular wall. The significance of the results obtained is pointed out in relation to the problems concerning the mechanism of excitation of the receptors of the sinocarotid region, especially with regard to the dependence of excitation of these receptors on distensibility (coefficient of elasticity) of the sinus wall.
Spatial Features in Body-Surface Potential Maps Can Identify Patients With a History of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Cheryl L. Hubley-Kozey, L. Brent Mitchell, Martin J. Gardner, James W. Warren, Cindy J. Penney, Eldon R. Smith, B. Milan Horácek
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Regional disparities of ventricular primary-repolarization properties contribute to an electrophysiological substrate for arrhythmias. Such disparities can be assessed from body-surface distributions of ECG QRST areas. Our objective was to isolate and test those features of QRST-area distributions that would be suitable for identifying patients at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.We recorded ECGs simultaneously from 120 leads during sinus rhythm for 204 patients taking no antiarrhythmic drugs: half had had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT); the other half, a myocardial infarction but no history of VT. For each patient, we calculated the QRST area in each lead and, using Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) expansion, reduced these data to 16 coefficients (each relating to one spatial feature, an eigenvector, derived from the total set of 204 QRST-area maps). Using stepwise discriminant analysis, we selected feature subsets that best discriminated between the two groups, and we estimated by a bootstrap procedure using 1000 trials how these subsets would perform on a prospective patient population. The mean diagnostic performance of the classifier for 1000 randomly selected training sets (n = 102 in each, with both groups equally represented) increased monotonically with the number of features used for classification. The initial trend for the corresponding test sets (n = 102 in each) was the same but reversed when the number of features exceeded eight. For an optimal set of eight spatial features, the sensitivity and specificity of the classifier for detecting patients with VT in 1000 test sets were (mean +/- SD) 90.3 +/- 4.3% and 78.0 +/- 6.1%, and its positive and negative predictive accuracies were 80.7 +/- 4.2% and 89.2 +/- 4.2%, respectively. Use of QRS duration as a supplementary feature to eight K-L coefficients can, in the test sets, increase specificity to 80.9 +/- 5.4% and positive predictive accuracy to 82.8 +/- 3.9% compared with the results for the optimal number of eight K-L features alone.Multiple body-surface ECGs contain valuable spatial features that can identify the presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate in the myocardium of patients at risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Our results compare very favorably with those achieved by any other known test, invasive or noninvasive, for arrhythmogenicity.
Ethical Issues Involved in the Growing AIDS Crisis
Authors: John H. Burkhart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE COUNCIL on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association (AMA) recognizes the growing crisis created by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a crucial health problem involving the physician's ethical responsibility to his patients and to society. The House of Delegates adopted Report YY (1987 Annual Meeting) of the Board of Trustees, which provides excellent guidance for a responsible public policy. As stated therein, AIDS patients are entitled to competent medical service with compassion and respect for human dignity and to the safeguard of their confidences within the constraints of the law. Those persons who are afflicted with the disease or who are seropositive have the right to be free from discrimination. A physician may not ethically refuse to treat a patient whose condition is within the physician's current realm of competence solely because the patient is seropositive. The tradition of the AMA, since its organization in
Thyroid Metastasis From Primary Renal Cell Cancer on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Aarti Kaushik, Linh Ho
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report the PET/CT appearance of metastasis from primary renal cancer to the thyroid in a 52-year-old man with a history of right renal cell carcinoma, status postright nephrectomy, recently presented biopsied-proven metastatic lesion in his left thyroid lobe. Restaging PET/CT study demonstrates a 1.4 × 0.9 cm hypodense, moderately active lesion in the left thyroid lobe with a maximum SUV of 2.8. No other abnormal hypermetabolic lesion is seen in the right renal surgical bed or the remaining body. The patient has subsequently treated with Sutent (Sunitinib).
Addison's disease presenting with chronic low backache.
Authors: P Sheridan, C F Murray-Leslie, J R Golding
Journal: BMJ (1976)

unable to inhale correctly from a pressurised cannister were asked to use the Spinhaler 43 (95-5%) had no difficulty in using this device.Efficiency of techniquie in using aerosol inhalers in 321 asthmatic patients Total Females Males No Efficient
Homozygous deletion of HFE produces a phenotype similar to the HFE p.C282Y/p.C282Y genotype
Authors: Gérald Le Gac, Isabelle Gourlaouen, Christophe Ronsin, Vanna Géromel, Anne Bourgarit, Nathalie Parquet, Sylvia Quemener, Cédric Le Maréchal, Jian-Min Chen, Claude Férec
Journal: Blood (2008)
Search for hepatitis B virus DNA in sera from patients with acute type B or non-A, non-B hepatitis
Authors: Nicolaos C. Tassopoulos, George J. Papaevangelou, Anastasia Roumeliotou-Karayannis, John R. Ticehurst, Stephen M. Feinstone, Robert H. Purcell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
P640 GENE MUTATION DETECTION ANALYSIS OF SWINE HEPATITIS E VIRUS PROPAGATED IN THE PRIMARY-CULTURED HUMAN HEPATOCYTES
Authors: Y. Oshiro, H. Yasue, S. Ideno, S. Hattori, K. Sakai, S. Osari, K. Takeuchi, K. Nagata, N. Ohkohchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Effect of Select Nutrients on Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I Levels
Authors: Arshag D. Mooradian, Michael J. Haas, Norman C. W. Wong
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2005)

One of the factors contributing to the increased risk of developing premature atherosclerosis is low plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDLc). Multiple potential mechanisms account for the cardioprotective effects of HDL and its main protein apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). The low plasma concentrations of HDL could be the result of increased fractional clearance and reduced expression of apo A-I. To this end, nutrients play an important role in modulating the fractional clearance rate, as well as the rate of apo A-I gene expression. Because medical nutrition therapy constitutes the cornerstone of management of dyslipidemias, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the changes in HDL level in response to alterations in dietary intake. In this review, we will discuss the effect of select nutrients on serum HDLc and apo A-I levels. Specifically, we will review the literature on the effect of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and ketones, as well as some of the nutrient-related metabolites, such as glucosamine and the prostanoids, on apo A-I gene expression. Because there are multiple mechanisms involved in the regulation of serum HDLc levels, changes in gene transcription do not necessarily correlate with clinical observations on serum levels of HDLc.
Differential response to compressive loads of zones of canine hyaline articular cartilage: micromechanical, light and electron microscopic studies.
Authors: P O'Connor, C R Orford, D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Thin (100 micron) perpendicular slices of canine femoral condylar cartilage were placed horizontally on the stage of a Nachet microscope and viewed by transmitted light in the differential interference contrast mode. Each slice was held on the microscope stage by a loading rig and tested mechanically in compression. Measured loads to a maximum of approximately 2-3 MN/m2 were applied to the end of the slice corresponding to the articular surface. Photographs were taken of the cartilage before and during loading, and the distance by which selected chondrocytes were displaced was used as an index of mechanical strain, i.e., of change in length/original length. Maximum strains were observed in the superficial cartilage zone. Minimum strains were recorded in the mid-zone, at a depth corresponding to approximately 75% of the total cartilage thickness. The relative concentrations of cartilage collagen (COL) and proteoglycan (PG) were assessed by the light and electron microscopic histochemical study of cartilage sections taken from contiguous blocks. Superficial cartilage, which deformed most, had high concentrations of oriented COL fibres, low concentrations of PG. Mid-zone cartilage, which deformed least, had lower concentrations of randomly arrayed COL fibres but relatively high concentrations of PG.
Feasibility, Safety, and Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Sheets in a Porcine Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Model
Authors: Masashi Kawamura, Shigeru Miyagawa, Kenji Miki, Atsuhiro Saito, Satsuki Fukushima, Takahiro Higuchi, Takuji Kawamura, Toru Kuratani, Takashi Daimon, Tatsuya Shimizu, Teruo Okano, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) are a promising source of cells for regenerating myocardium. However, several issues, especially the large-scale preparation of hiPS-CMs and elimination of undifferentiated iPS cells, must be resolved before hiPS cells can be used clinically. The cell-sheet technique is one of the useful methods for transplanting large numbers of cells. We hypothesized that hiPS-CM-sheet transplantation would be feasible, safe, and therapeutically effective for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results— Human iPS cells were established by infecting human dermal fibroblasts with a retrovirus carrying Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Cardiomyogenic differentiation was induced by WNT signaling molecules, yielding hiPS-CMs that were almost 90% positive for α-actinin, Nkx2.5, and cardiac troponin T. hiPS-CM sheets were created using thermoresponsive dishes and transplanted over the myocardial infarcts in a porcine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy induced by ameroid constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (n=6 for the iPS group receiving sheet transplantation and the sham-operated group; both groups received tacrolimus daily). Transplantation significantly improved cardiac performance and attenuated left ventricular remodeling. hiPS-CMs were detectable 8 weeks after transplantation, but very few survived long term. No teratoma formation was observed in animals that received hiPS-CM sheets. Conclusions— The culture system used yields a large number of highly pure hiPS-CMs, and hiPS-CM sheets could improve cardiac function after ischemic cardiomyopathy. This newly developed culture system and the hiPS-CM sheets may provide a basis for the clinical use of hiPS cells in cardiac regeneration therapy.
Inhibition of Retinal Neovascularization by Intraocular Viral-Mediated Delivery of Anti-angiogenic Agents
Authors: Alberto Auricchio, Kathryn C. Behling, Albert M. Maguire, Erin E. O'Connor, Jean Bennett, James M. Wilson, Michael J. Tolentino
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Neovascularization characterizes diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration, the most common causes of severe visual loss in the developed world. Gene transfer to the eye using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors is a promising new treatment for inherited and acquired ocular diseases. We used an AAV vector with rapid onset and high levels of gene expression in the retina to deliver three anti-angiogenic factors (pigment epithelium-derived factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, and endostatin) to the eyes of mice in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity. All three vectors inhibited ischemia-induced neovascularization.
Single histidine-substituted cardiac troponin I confers protection from age-related systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Nathan J. Palpant, Sharlene M. Day, Todd J. Herron, Kimber L. Converso, Joseph M. Metzger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Contractile dysfunction associated with myocardial ischaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Strategies to protect the aged heart from ischaemia-mediated pump failure are needed. We hypothesized that troponin I-mediated augmentation of myofilament calcium sensitivity would protect cardiac function in aged mice.To address this, we investigated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a histidine-substituted form of adult cardiac troponin I (cTnI A164H), which increases myofilament calcium sensitivity in a pH-dependent manner. Serial echocardiography revealed that Tg hearts showed significantly improved systolic function at 4 months, which was sustained for 2 years based on ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fibre shortening. Age-related diastolic dysfunction was also attenuated in Tg mice as assessed by Doppler measurements of the mitral valve inflow and lateral annulus Doppler tissue imaging. During acute hypoxia, cardiac contractility significantly improved in aged Tg mice made evident by increased stroke volume, end systolic pressure, and +dP/dt compared with non-transgenic mice.This study shows that increasing myofilament function by means of a pH-responsive histidine button engineered into cTnI results in enhanced baseline heart function in Tg mice over their lifetime, and during acute hypoxia improves survival in aged mice by maintaining cardiac contractility.
State Supervision of Public and Private Care of the Insane.
Authors: H. C. Fairbrother
Journal: JAMA (1904)

East St. Louis,Ill., Oct. 2, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial, September 17, with the above title, your reference to Illinois institutions may admit of a little explanation. You speak of the "ruin" wrought and their "fall" under the present system, as shown in articles in the<i>Illinois State Medical Journal</i>. I am aware that some such articles were published, but I believe the profession generally understands the animus and circumstances under which they were published. But when such reference to our charitable institutions is made in a journal of national circulation the matter assumes a different aspect. Now, I am deeply interested in these institutions, am a visitor of them, and of similar institutions in other states, and if it can be pointed out to me in what particular, in any one of these institutions there is a defect, I will make an effort to remedy it.
Beyond the limits of the brain as a physical system
Authors: V. K. Jirsa, J. A. S. Kelso
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Nunez's description of the brain as a medium capable of wave propagation has provided some fundamental insights into its dynamics. This approach soon reaches the descriptive limits of the brain as a physical system, however. We point out some biological constraints which differentiate the brain from physical systems and we elaborate on its consequences for future research.
Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Katja Schenke-Layland, Andrew P. Dhanasopon, Fady Rofail, Hunter Smith, Benjamin M. Wu, Richard Shemin, Ramin E. Beygui, William R. MacLellan
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)