tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of BMI changes on lung function in COPD subjects from two longitudinal general population studies
Authors: Francesco Pistelli, Laura Carrozzi, Francesco Di Pede, Anna Angino, Marzia Simoni, Sara Maio, Matteo Bottai, Sandra Baldacci
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. Longitudinal studies have shown that increases in BMI can lead to a reduction in pulmonary function, and the nature of this association remains under investigation in COPD.

Aim. To evaluate the effects of BMI changes over an 8.2-17.5 year follow-up on, FEV1and FVC in COPD subjects from a longitudinal general population study.

Methods. Subjects (n = 1472, >24years of age) participating in both baseline and follow-up survey from two different longitudinal general population studies in Italy (Po river delta and Pisa) were investigated. COPD subjects (n=230) were defined those with FEV1/FVC<0.70 at baseline. Longitudinal changes (Δ) in BMI, FVC, and FEV1 were computed as absolute differences between the values at follow-up and those at baseline. Linear regression models for ΔFEV1, ΔFVC, and with ΔBMI, gender, baseline age, baseline smoking habits, and baseline BMI as covariates were applied.

Results. ΔBMI varied from -3.91 to 8.65 kg/m2 in subjects with COPD, and from -12.76 to 14.54 kg/m2 in subjects without COPD. In COPD subjects, longitudinal changes in BMI were significantly associated with reduction in lung function parameters. Estimated coefficients of ΔBMI were -0.142, p = 0.024, and -0.184, p = 0.004, for ΔFEV1 and ΔFVC, respectively. These associations were independent from gender, baseline smoking habit and baseline BMI, while were affected by baseline age. Analogous results were observed in subjects without COPD.

Conclusions. Longitudinal BMI changes affect lung function in subjects with and without COPD. On average an accelerated decline of lung function is observed in those COPD subjects with higher increase of BMI over follow-up.
Membrane-associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione Metabolism (MAPEG)
Authors: PER-JOHAN JAKOBSSON, RALF MORGENSTERN, JOSEPH MANCINI, ANTHONY FORD-HUTCHINSON, BENGT PERSSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The members of the MAPEG superfamily have been aligned and found to be distantly related, with a common pattern of hydropathy. Figure 2A shows the multiple sequence alignments of the human members and Figure 2B the corresponding superimposed hydropathy profiles. The alignment in Figure 2A demonstrates a total of six strictly conserved residues. The Arg-51 in LTC4 synthase has been suggested to function as proton donor for the opening of the LTA4 epoxide. This arginine is found in all but the FLAP sequences in accordance with the observation that FLAP has no known enzyme activity. Also the Tyr-93 in LTC4 synthase has been suggested to function as a base for the formation of the thiolate anion of glutathione. This tyrosine is not conserved in MGST1 or MGST1-L1. Table 1 summarizes some other properties of the individual human proteins. They are all of the same size, ranging from 147 to 161 amino acids. Only FLAP differs in that its isoelectric point is more neutral than that of the other, more basic proteins. The genes encoding these proteins all reside on different chromosomes (when known) (Table 1). In addition to the human proteins, MAPEG members have been identified in plants, fungi, and bacteria. It is clearly a challenge to elucidate their role in these different phyla in relation to their defined physiological functions in humans.
Delayed sleep phase syndrome: a review of its clinical aspects
Authors: Q R Regestein, T H Monk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a common but little reported cause of severe insomnia. Since it was first described, few detailed reports of delayed sleep phase syndrome have appeared, and treatment methods have not been reviewed. From the literature, the authors provide diagnostic descriptions and review treatment methods, and from their sleep disorder clinic, they describe the management and outcome of the largest series of patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome thus far reported.The authors reviewed all articles with primary data on delayed sleep phase syndrome published through 1993 and add data from a group of 33 patients at their sleep disorder clinic.Delayed sleep phase syndrome involves undesirably late bedtimes and arising times, early night insomnia, and poor morning alertness but lack of insomnia on vacations. The mean bedtime and arising time for the 33 patients were 4:00 a.m. and 10:38 a.m., respectively. Twenty-five patients were, or had been, depressed. Individual responses to treatments varied widely. Seventeen patients showed little treatment response. Delayed sleep phase syndrome had a worse treatment outcome than other sleep disorders.Delayed sleep phase syndrome presents in a heterogeneous manner. In the sleep disorder clinic population, it was often associated with major depression and was more resistant to treatment than other sleep disorders. Multiple and varied treatments are required.
PRESENILE DEMENTIA (ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE)
Authors: KARL STERN, GEORGE E. REED
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

Presenile dementia does not appear to be a well-defined clinico-anatomical entity, and single case studies are helpful in elucidating the problem of pathogenesis and classification. Two cases of presenile dementia are described. One is that of a man who, at the age of 52, developed the typical organic syndrome, with certain signs of focal cortical impairment such as aphasia, paraphasia and disturbances of reading, writing and picture recognition. After severe general deterioration he died at the age of 60, and post-mortem examination revealed the typical histological features of Alzheimer's disease. The second case is that of a woman who at about the age of 42 began to show unspecific symptoms such as diffuse anxiety, definite phobias and general restlessness, suggestive of a psychoneurosis or the beginning of a functional psychosis. After several years she gradually developed severe disorders of conduct, intellectual and speech impairment. She died in a state of extreme organic dementia and physical deterioration at the age of 48. Post-mortem examination showed severe generalized cortical atrophy (brain weight 864 gms.) with the signs of senility except that the characteristic histological features of Alzheimer's disease were entirely absent. It has been suggested (Lewy 1925, Spatz 1925) that the process of ageing manifests itself in the central nervous system along two different lines. Atrophy, brown pigment, proliferation of interstitial tissue represent the "primary" phenomena of ageing, and are not confined to the central nervous system or to man. However, the combination of neurofibrillary changes and argentophile plaques is a "secondary" phenomenon of ageing which occurs only in man and in the phylogenetically most recent structures of the nervous system. The two cases here presented demonstrate that the "primary" and "secondary" phenomena of ageing occur independently. The significance of this fact and its clinical and pathological implications are discussed.
Inappropriate Antibiotic Therapy in a Patient With Heart Failure and Prolonged QT Interval
Authors: Arjun Gupta, Purav Mody, Ambarish Pandey
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Diabetes, use of antidiabetic drugs, and the risk of glioma
Authors: Corinna Seliger, Cristian Ricci, Christoph R. Meier, Michael Bodmer, Susan S. Jick, Ulrich Bogdahn, Peter Hau, Michael F. Leitzmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Prior epidemiologic studies suggest inverse relations between diabetes and glioma risk, but the underlying mechanisms, including use of antidiabetic drugs, are unknown. We therefore performed a matched case-control analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We identified incident glioma cases diagnosed between 1995 and 2012 and matched each case with 10 controls on age, gender, calendar time, general practice, and years of active history in the CPRD. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, adjusted for body mass index and smoking. We identified 2005 cases and 20 050 controls. Diabetes was associated with decreased risk of glioma (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.60–0.93), particularly glioblastoma (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.51–0.94). Glioblastoma risk reduction was markedly pronounced among diabetic men (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.40–0.90), most apparently for those with diabetes of long-term duration (OR for >5 vs 0 y = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.26–0.82) or poor glycemic control (OR for HbA1c ≥8 vs <6.5% = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.06–0.70). In contrast, the effect of diabetes on glioblastoma risk was absent among women (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.53–1.36). No significant associations with glioma were found for use of metformin (OR for ≥30 vs 0 prescriptions = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.38–1.39), sulfonylureas (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.39–1.30), or insulin (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.37–1.69). Antidiabetic treatment appears to be unrelated to glioma, but long-term diabetes duration and increased HbA1c both show decreased glioma risk. Stronger findings in men than women suggest low androgen levels concurrent with diabetes as a biologic mechanism.
A rating scale for emotional blunting
Authors: Richard Abrams, Michael Alan Taylor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Although emotional blunting has always been considered a core symptom of schizophrenia, it has been excluded from recently developed sets of diagnostic criteria because of its alleged unreliability. The authors describe a brief rating scale for emotional blunting that is highly reliable, predicts short-term treatment response, and discriminates between patients with affective disorder and schizophrenia. They suggest that this scale will permit restoration of the important criterion of emotional blunting to modern diagnostic systems, including that proposed for DSM-III.
Significance of nucleotide sequence alignments: a method for random sequence permutation that preserves dinucleotide and codon usage.
Authors: S F Altschul, B W Erickson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1985)

The similarity of two nucleotide sequences is often expressed in terms of evolutionary distance, a measure of the amount of change needed to transform one sequence into the other. Given two sequences with a small distance between them, can their similarity be explained by their base composition alone? The nucleotide order of these sequences contributes to their similarity if the distance is much smaller than their average permutation distance, which is obtained by calculating the distances for many random permutations of these sequences. To determine whether their similarity can be explained by their dinucleotide and codon usage, random sequences must be chosen from the set of permuted sequences that preserve dinucleotide and codon usage. The problem of choosing random dinucleotide and codon-preserving permutations can be expressed in the language of graph theory as the problem of generating random Eulerian walks on a directed multigraph. An efficient algorithm for generating such walks is described. This algorithm can be used to choose random sequence permutations that preserve (1) dinucleotide usage, (2) dinucleotide and trinucleotide usage, or (3) dinucleotide and codon usage. For example, the similarity of two 60-nucleotide DNA segments from the human beta-1 interferon gene (nucleotides 196-255 and 499-558) is not just the result of their nonrandom dinucleotide and codon usage.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Nivolumab in Previously Treated and Untreated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc): Biomarker-Based Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: T. Choueiri, M.N. Fishman, B. Escudier, J.J. Kim, H. Kluger, W.M. Stadler, J.L. Perez-Garcia, D. McNeel, B. Curti, M.R. Harrison, E.R. Plimack, L. Appleman, L. Fong, C.G. Drake, L. Cohen, S. Srivastava, M. Jure-Kunkel, Q. Hong, J. Kurland, M. Sznol
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Vibrio cholerae: genomics and molecular biology
Authors: Paul Kelly
Journal: Gut (2009)

Edited by Shah Faruque, Balakrish Nair. Published by Caister Press 2008 pp 213, £150. 978 1 904455 33 2

I suspect that anyone who has treated a patient with full-blown cholera develops a deep respect for a really remarkable pathogen, and that is certainly true for me. The first patient I treated, almost two decades ago, received 43 litres of saline and looked well on it (well, relatively), so I have always been interested in this extraordinary disease. Vibrio cholerae is a very successful pathogen from every point of view, so this book grabbed my attention right away. The book sets out to describe the molecular pathways which confer on V cholerae its remarkable success, and it may interest not just microbiologists but anyone interested in the interactions of host and pathogen, and indeed anyone with a desire to learn more about the current state of the art in understanding infectious disease.

To …
Combination metoclopramide and dexamethasone: an effective antiemetic regimen in outpatients receiving non-cisplatin chemotherapy.
Authors: S B Strum, J E McDermed, B R Streng, N M McDermott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

In a pilot study a combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone was administered to 29 patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. Metoclopramide was given intravenously (IV) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg one-half hour before the start of chemotherapy, and then given at the same dose orally two, five, and eight hours after chemotherapy. Dexamethasone was given at a dose of 10 mg IV immediately following the first dose of metoclopramide, then given at a dose of 8 mg orally six, 12, and 18 hours after chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimens most commonly used were standard FAC, FAM, and BACOD regimens. Twenty-six of 29 patients received outpatient treatment. Complete protection against both nausea and vomiting was seen in 69% (20/29) patients; six others (21%) experienced mild nausea but no vomiting, resulting in 90% (26/29) of the patients having total emetic protection with combination metoclopramide and dexamethasone. Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of the patients with no prior chemotherapy had no nausea or vomiting, one (6%) had only mild nausea, and the remaining patient (6%) had one emesis. Forty-two percent (5/12) of the patients with prior chemotherapy had complete antinausea and emetic protection, five (42%) had nausea without vomiting, and the remaining two patients experienced one or two emesis. Side effects were minimal when present and included mild drowsiness (five patients), akathisia (three patients), diarrhea (one patient), and hot flashes (one patient). Combination metoclopramide and dexamethasone therapy can effectively prevent emesis in 94% of patients receiving potentially emetogenic chemotherapy and can prevent nausea and emesis in 88% of untreated patients. Studies defining the optimal dose and scheduling needed to maintain such antinausea and antiemetic protection are necessary.
The nose as a research tool: Intra-subject variability in nasal sampling
Authors: Andrew Feneley, Margaret Rainer, Faizah Haider, Bhavna Narayanswamy, Jenny Stenning, Carin Mordin, Steven Greenaway, Graham Clarke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Published literature shows that nasal secretions have been collected from the nasal mucosa by modifications of a filter paper/synthetic matrix method for many years (Alam et al. J Immunol Methods. 1992; 155(1):25-9). Inflammatory markers have been measured in samples collected by these methods.   Method:  As per our adopted protocol, two Leukosorb (a highly wettable fibrous matrix) strips were applied to the inferior turbinate for 2 minutes then added to a filter tube containing 300μl buffer. Tubes were centrifuged for 20 minutes at 16,000g. Recovered volume was measured. 32 samples were collected from both nostrils of a pool of 5 healthy subjects at 2-4 timepoints. Total protein concentration (TPC) of each sample was measured. TPC of samples from subjects sampled at different timepoints were compared (n=10) as was the variability between nostrils of the same subject (n=12).   Results:  The median percentage difference between the maximum and minimum TPC from a nostril of each subject was 46% (range 13-359%).  The median percentage difference between TPC of left and right nostrils at the same sample timepoint was 19% (range 4-186%).   Conclusions:  In our study, variation existed in TPC between nostrils when sampled at the same time. We suggest that, at each timepoint, samples from both nostrils should be pooled to create one sample. Intra subject variability exists in our cohort of healthy subjects between timepoints and between nostrils. A larger study is needed to investigate the full extent of this variability, and the influence, if any, of the “nasal cycle” on sample characteristics before inflammatory markers e.g. cytokines can be measured with confidence.
Interstitial lung diseases: a clinical update
Authors: M. Demedts, R.M. du Bois, B. Nemery, G.M. Verleden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

In recent years there have been important initiatives leading to a better founded management of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs; synonymous with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases). There have been clinicopathological definitions of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and international consensus statements and guidelines have been published, or are in preparation, concerning the different diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, with specific focus on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Tests less invasive than open or thoracoscopic lung biopsies have emerged as being useful in …
Laypersons’ sensitivity for melanoma identification is higher with dermoscopy images than clinical photographs
Authors: M.J. Luttrell, P. McClenahan, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. Fink-Puches, H.P. Soyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Most melanomas are first recognized by patients themselves or by their friends and family.To assess the ability of laypersons to identify melanomas using dermoscopy images.This is an image-based study using laptop computers in the community. Seventeen laypersons were given a one-page educational brochure on the AC Rule for melanoma (asymmetry, colour variation). These laypersons and three expert dermoscopists completed two image sets, each containing a series of 100 pigmented skin lesions. Set 1 contained five melanomas, while set 2 contained 20 melanomas. Participants viewed a clinical image followed by a dermoscopy image for each lesion. For each image a score of 0-10 was assigned for asymmetry and colour, and then an overall assessment was made for suspicion of melanoma. Mean estimates have been calculated for sensitivity and specificity.Laypersons achieved a clinical sensitivity of 91·2% and a significantly higher dermoscopy sensitivity of 94·0%, P = 0·013. This improvement was not associated with a significant change in overall specificity, which for the clinical image was 64·2% and with dermoscopy was 62·0%, P = 0·97.These results indicate that laypersons may be able to use dermoscopy to identify more melanomas than naked eye examination alone. Further study into the practice of dermoscopy by laypersons is warranted.
<i>CHRNA7</i> and <i>CHRFAM7A</i> mRNAs: Co-Localized and Their Expression Levels Altered in the Postmortem Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Major Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Yasuto Kunii, Wenyu Zhang, Qing Xu, Thomas M. Hyde, Whitney McFadden, Joo Heon Shin, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Tianzhang Ye, Chao Li, Joel E. Kleinman, Kuan Hong Wang, Barbara K. Lipska
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: CHRNA7, coding α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), is involved in cognition through interneuron modulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling. CHRNA7 and its partially duplicated chimeric gene CHRFAM7A have been implicated in schizophrenia through linkage and association studies. Method: Expression of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A mRNA was measured in the postmortem prefrontal cortex in more than 700 subjects, including patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and normal comparison subjects. The effects of antipsychotics and nicotine, as well as associations of CHRNA7 SNPs with gene expression, were explored. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization was used to examine coexpression of both transcripts in the human cortex. Results: CHRFAM7A expression and CHRFAM7A/CHRNA7 ratios were higher in fetal compared with postnatal life, whereas CHRNA7 expression was relatively stable. CHRFAM7A expression was significantly elevated in all diagnostic groups, while CHRNA7 expression was reduced in the schizophrenia group and increased in the major depression group compared with the comparison group. CHRFAM7A/CHRNA7 ratios were significantly increased in the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder groups compared with the comparison group. There was no effect of nicotine or antipsychotics and no association of SNPs in CHRNA7 with expression. CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A mRNAs were expressed in the same neuronal nuclei of the human neocortex. Conclusions: These data show preferential fetal CHRFAM7A expression in the human prefrontal cortex and suggest abnormalities in the CHRFAM7A/CHRNA7 ratios in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, due mainly to overexpression of CHRFAM7A. Given that these transcripts are coexpressed in a subset of human cortical neurons and can interact to alter function of nAChRs, these results support the concept of aberrant function of nAChRs in mental illness.