tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: M Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Progressive oliguric renal failure (designated "hepatorenal syndrome") commonly complicates the course of patients with advanced hepatic disease. Despite the severe derangement of renal function and ominous prognosis when renal failure develops, minimal and inconsistent pathologic abnormalities of the kidneys are found at autopsy. Furthermore, the kidneys, if transplanted, are capable of normal function, which supports the concept that the renal failure is functional and potentially reversible. In contrast to patients with classical acute failure (ATN), hepatorenal syndrome patients manifest characteristic alterations of renal function including (1) relatively hyperosmolar urine; (2) high creatinine urine:plasma ratio, and (3) a very low urine sodium concentration (< 10 mEq/L). The past several years have witnessed newer insights into both the pathophysiology and the therapeutics of this syndrome. The application of newer methodology such as tracer kinetics has more rigorously delineated the role of a number of pathogenic mechanisms including activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The characterization of endothelin and the nitric oxide-arginine pathway and their roles in biology and medicine has provided additional new insights with regard to the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome. For example, nitric oxide has been proposed to constitute a mediator of both the hyperdynamic circulation and renal failure. Finally, recently initiated therapeutic approaches lend a note of optimism to the future management of a syndrome that is so often incompatible with recovery. These include the acceptance of orthotopic liver transplantation as definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and attempts to improve renal function by countervailing the decreases in systemic vascular resistance while minimizing concomitant increments in renal vascular resistance. Hopefully, ongoing and future clinical trials will establish the precise contribution of each of these treatment modalities and their respective roles in the therapeutic armamentarium.
Pulmonary-alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) as a rare diffential diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases diagnosed by transbronchial cryobiopsy
Authors: Henrik Wurps, Sergej Griff, Michael Knappik, Nicolas Schönfeld, Torsten T. Bauer, Thomas Mairinger, Wolfram Grüning
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: PAM is a rare pulmonal disease of unknown origin. Microscopically, it is characterized by diffuse alveolar calcification. Chest x-ray usually presents a „sandstorm“ image. Diffuse lung diseases are typically diagnosed by computed tomographic imaging; histological validation is won by surgical lung biopsy. Current studies show a more important role of transbronchial cryobiopsy for histological diagnosis.

Case Report: A 26-year-old male presented with dyspnea. The radiographic images (chest x-ray, computed tomography) showed interstitial pulmonal changes without PAM-typical signs. Blood gas analysis, blood test results and pulmonal function did not show abnormities. For further evaluation we performed bronchoscopy with transbronchial cryo- and forcepsbiopsy.

Methods: Cryoprobe and forceps were introduced into the left lower lobe under radiological guidance; the cryoprobe was cooled for five seconds and then retracted with the frozen lung tissue. The specimen were rated by two experienced lung pathologists.

Results: Histologically the forcepsbiopsy showed only few hints for PAM, whereas in the cryobiopsy a pulmonal-alveolar microlithiasis could be proven due to big amount of alveolar tissue with concentric calcification. In respect to untypical radiographic signs this was determining.

Conclusion: There is a huge variety of diffuse lung diseases. The diagnosis of PAM was surprising because the radiographic images showed an untypical morphology. The histological diagnosis of PAM was proven by transbronchial cryobiopsy. This shows the potential impact of transbronchial cryobiopsy in different entities of interstitial lung disease.
Electrical auricle stimulation device for obstructive and central sleep apnoea: A pilot study
Authors: Viliam Donic, Sona Gresova, Judita Stimmelova, Ivana Bacova, Zoltan Tomori, Johan Verbraecken, Boudewijn de Kerf, Gerrit J. de Vos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Severe obstructive (OSA) and central (CSA) sleep apnoea represent serious health consequences and are mostly treated by CPAP, but often perceived as uncomfortable. Long-term compliance for CPAP is low. Recently, an electrical auricle stimulation (EAS) device was developed to improve OSA as well as CSA.   Methods:  The EAS device applies an electrical stimulus to the auricle, at a low impedance point, upon cessation of breathing. The algorithm has an inbuilt stimulation delay of a few seconds. 40 male OSA/CSA patients were enrolled with broad selection criteria (BMI 2 ). Nights with stimulation ON were compared to nights with stimulation OFF, with particular focus on changes in apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) and micro arousal index (ArI), based on attended polysomnography.   Results:  Stimulation for one night was efficacious (improvement of AHI ≥30%) in 18 out of 40 patients (from 47±20 to 22±15, p   Conclusion:  EAS is feasible and allows treatment of OSA/CSA, without induction of arousals. Moreover, EAS is experienced as more comfortable than CPAP. Hence, these promising results warrant a prospective study to evaluate short- and long-term effects.
A Transdisciplinary Approach to Public Health Law: The Emerging Practice of Legal Epidemiology
Authors: Scott Burris, Marice Ashe, Donna Levin, Matthew Penn, Michelle Larkin
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

Public health law has roots in both law and science. For more than a century, lawyers have helped develop and implement health laws; over the past 50 years, scientific evaluation of the health effects of laws and legal practices has achieved high levels of rigor and influence. We describe an emerging model of public health law that unites these two traditions. This transdisciplinary model adds scientific practices to the lawyerly functions of normative and doctrinal research, counseling, and representation. These practices include policy surveillance and empirical public health law research on the efficacy of legal interventions and the impact of laws and legal practices on health and health system operation. A transdisciplinary model of public health law, melding its legal and scientific facets, can help break down enduring cultural, disciplinary, and resource barriers that have prevented the full recognition and optimal role of law in public health.
Futile thoracotomy in lung cancer
Authors: E. Perez Guzman, S. Castro Quintas, B. Gomez Crespo, L. Garcia Etxeberria, U. Jimenez Maestre, M. Intxausti Iñiguiz, A. Sagarna Aguirrezabala, P. Ansola Zubiaurre
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: 

Overall lung cancer survival is very low, and only in initial stages treated by surgery exceeds 50%. Therefore, one of our main aims at staging is the appropriate selection of patients for surgery, but even in some cases results are unfavorable

Objective: 

Analyze futile thoracotomies defined as death/recurrence in the first year, or an intraoperative finding of N2/T4 unresectable; as well as survival data.

Material and Methods: 

Revision of cancer resections in 2008-2009, excluding neoadjuvancy. Analysis of factors influencing survival and futile thoracotomies, using uni and multivariant analysis (Cox regresion) and Kaplan-Meier curves

Results: 

166 patients (135 men, 31 women). Mean age 62 (39-82). General characteristics.

![Figure][1] 



In multivariant survival analysis we found statistically significant influence of the factors : T>3 cm, SUV>8 and TNMq, in multivariant analysis only remains TNMq. Thoractomies data

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: 

-Postoperative mortality at one month: 2,4% and at 3 months 3,6%

-3 year survival: 67,7% determined by TNMq

-Futile thoracotomies performed:36%, 28% if we exclude patients alive at 3 years

-Higher percentage of futile thoracotomies in stages II and III, and in adenocarcinomas.

 [1]: pending:yes
Combining bosentan and sildenafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients failing monotherapy: real-world insights
Authors: Fabio Dardi, Alessandra Manes, Massimiliano Palazzini, Cristina Bachetti, Gaia Mazzanti, Andrea Rinaldi, Alessandra Albini, Enrico Gotti, Enrico Monti, Maria Letizia Bacchi Reggiani, Nazzareno Galiè
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe disease with a complex pathogenesis, for which combination therapy is an attractive option.This study aimed to assess the impact of sequential combination therapy on both short-term responses and long-term outcomes in a real-world setting.Patients with idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, or pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease or connective tissue disease and who were not meeting treatment goals on either first-line bosentan or sildenafil monotherapy, were given additional sildenafil or bosentan and assessed after 3-4 months. Double combination therapy significantly improved clinical and haemodynamic parameters, independent of aetiology or the order of drug administration. Significant improvements in functional class were observed in patients with idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival estimates were 91%, 69% and 59%, respectively. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease had significantly poorer survival rates compared to other aetiologies (p<0.003).The favourable short-term haemodynamic results and good survival rates, observed in patients receiving both bosentan and sildenafil, supports the use of sequential combination therapy in patients failing on monotherapy in a real-world setting.
Abstract 1580: Phosphorylation of Myosin Binding Protein C Contributes to the Force-Frequency Response and Beta-Adrenergic Enhancement of Cardiac Contraction
Authors: Carl W Tong, Xin Wu, Mariappan Muthuchamy, Joseph A Scherman, Hector H Valdivia, Richard L Moss
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Beta-adrenergic agonists enhance cardiac function by increasing contractility, lusitropy and heart rate. We propose that phosphorylation of myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C), a thick filament accessory protein, plays a key role in adrenergic modulation of function by regulating crossbridge interaction kinetics. To test this idea, we developed transgenic mice expressing similar levels of either cMyBP-C with Ser to Ala mutations at 3 known protein kinase A (PKA) sites (t3SA mice) or wild type cMyBP-C (tWT mice) on the cMyBP-C knock-out (KO) background. Using echocardiography, t3SA hearts were found to have concentric hypertrophy and exhibited diastolic and systolic dysfunction, but tWT hearts were normal. We recorded twitch force and intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] in ) in intact papillary muscles to assess in vivo myofilament function. At 1 Hz stimulation, t3SA and tWT exhibited similar twitch forces and [Ca 2+ ] in . Increasing the frequency to 3 Hz produced a smaller force increase in t3SA but similar increases in [Ca 2+ ] in compared to tWT. t3SA myocardium exhibited a smaller gain in function with increased frequency of stimulation, i.e., a smaller increase in twitch force vs. change in [Ca 2+ ] in and smaller increases in (+dF/dt) Max , and (−dF/dt) Max . These results suggest that basal levels of phosphorylation of cMyBP-C in tWT myocardium contribute to the positive force frequency relationship in myocardium. For both t3SA and tWT, 1 μM dobutamine further increased twitch force and [Ca 2+ ] in at 3 Hz. Phosphoprotein staining showed that t3SA and tWT troponin I (TnI) phosphorylation levels were initially similar and increased to similar levels with dobutamine; therefore, dobutamine effects may involve TnI phosphorylation. These results can be explained by a frequency dependent recruitment of myofilament functional groups that involves cMyBP-C phosphorylation and further effects of PKA phosphorylation of cMyBP-C and TnI to accelerate crossbridge turnover kinetics.
Effective treatment of advanced biliary tract carcinoma using 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion with cisplatin
Authors: M. Ducreux, P. Rougier, A. Fandi, M.-C. Clavero-Fabri, A.-L. Villing, F. Fassone, L. Fandi, J. Zarba, J.-P. Armand
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of 135 consecutive cases. German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group.
Authors: R Munker, D Hasenclever, O Brosteanu, E Hiller, V Diehl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To describe the incidence of primary bone marrow involvement (BMI) in Hodgkin's disease (HD) and its correlation with clinical and laboratory features present at diagnosis, and to evaluate the prognostic relevance of BMI.Between 1983 and 1991, 2,307 patients with HD were treated according to two trial generations (HD1-3 and HD4-6) of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG).One hundred thirty-five cases of primary BMI were observed. The incidence of BMI was 4.8% in the HD4-6 study generation, which included all stages. Among stage IV patients, 32% had BMI. Among those with BMI, other organs were also involved in 33%. Among all patients, the presence of BMI was significantly associated with B symptoms, lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, mixed cellularity histologic subtype, leukocytopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level more than 400 U/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) more than 40 mm/h. BMI was negatively correlated with a large mediastinal tumor (3.7% v 20.0% in non-BMI cases). Eighty-seven of 108 (81%) assessable patients with BMI achieved a complete remission (CR). This compares favorably with the overall CR rate in all stage IIIB/IV patients. Among stage IV patients, BMI has no prognostic relevance with regard to freedom from treatment failure and overall survival. Twenty-one patients with BMI relapsed after having achieved a CR. Only five of these (24%) again had a positive bone marrow biopsy.The prognosis of patients with BMI is not worse than the prognosis of other advanced-stage HD patients. BMI alone does not define a special high-risk group in which a different treatment approach is indicated.
The effect of temperature during sputum processing on inflammatory markers
Authors: Qingling Zhang, Naijian Li, Mengzhang He, Mulin Feng, Jing Li
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of temperature in sputum processing on biochemical markers in induced sputum.  Method: Sputum specimens from 28 asthmatics were divided into two or four equal parts. 0.1% dithiothreitol (DTT) were added and placed in a shaking water bath at 37°C or rocker at 4°C for 15 minutes and 30 minutes. The collected supernatants stored at -80°C. Cells were stained with hematoxylin eosin stain. IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha were measured using the Bio-Plex® suspension array system in the supernatants.  Results: Processing sputum at 4°C for 15 minutes and 30 minutes,processing sputum at 37°C for 15 minutes and 30 minutes resulted in similar total cell counts and differential cell counts. The concentration of all cytokines processed at 4°C showed no change when the processing time increased. However, the concentration of IL-5,IL-17 and TNF alpha processed at 37°C appeared to increase when the processing time increased. There were no differences between the concentration of IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN gamma of the samples treated at 4°C and 37°C for 15 minutes. Further, there were no differences between the concentration of IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN gamma of the samples treated at 4°C and 37°C for 30 minutes. The concentration of TNF alpha in the samples treated at 37°C for 30 minutes was significantly higher than those treated at 4°C for 30 minutes[22.90(52.01)vs 13.86(10.47)pg/ml, p  Conclusion: Processing sputum at 4°C and at 37°C resulted in similar cell total counts and cell differential counts. Processing sputum at 4°C provides a valid characterization of cytokine expression profile and appears to be superior to processing sputum at 37°C.
5′-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Isoenzyme and Hepatic Cancer in NCI-Mayo Clinic Panel Sera 2
Authors: K. C. Tsou, M. G. McCoy, H. T. Enterline, R. Herberman, H. Wahner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article 5′-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Isoenzyme and Hepatic Cancer in NCI-Mayo Clinic Panel Sera Get access K. C. Tsou, K. C. Tsou 3Harrison Department of Surgical Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19174 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. G. McCoy, M. G. McCoy 3Harrison Department of Surgical Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19174 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. T. Enterline, H. T. Enterline 5Department of Surgical Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Herberman, R. Herberman 6Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Wahner H. Wahner 7NCI Serum Bank, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 6, December 1973, Pages 2005–2006, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.6.2005 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 21 August 1973 Accepted: 30 August 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Effect of khat (catha edulis) on bronchial asthma in Jimma University specialized hospital, adult chest clinic, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Eden Teferedegn, Andualem Mossie Ayana, Alemeshet Yami
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. About 300 million people worldwide were affected by asthma leading to approximately 250,000 deaths per year. The active chemical present in Khat could have a bronchodilator effect like that of catecholamine. The present study aims at determining the effect of khat chewing on bronchial asthma.

Methods:- A comparative cross sectional study was conducted in JUSH Adult Chest Clinic on170 asthmatic patients with a 1.4 to 1 ratio of non-chewer to chewer between November 2010 and January 2010.Interviewer administered questionnaire, patient history and pulmonary function test using Spirometer was used to collect the data.

Result:- of 170 asthmatic patients, 72 were khat chewers and 98 were non chewers. Frequent asthmatic symptoms was seen on 23(31.9%) of chewers and 43(43.9%) of non chewer (χ2=2.488, p=0.11). A less frequent use of β2 agonist was observed on 42(58.3%) of chewers and 53(54.1%) of non chewer patients (χ2=12.678, p=0.12). Less frequent night time awake and chewing status was found to be positively associated [AOD=2.633,CI(1.778,3.059)].The mean predicted personal best of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1%) for chewers and non chewer was 62% and 46% respectively while their PEFR% was 40% and 26% respectively.

Conclusion:- apart from psycho stimulating prosperities, khat has moderate potential benefit for the improvement of episodes of asthma attack. This study showed that chewer asthmatic patients had relatively better PEFR and also relatively lesser recurrent night time awake due to asthmatic attack.
Ascites Form of a Human Cancer Serially Transplantable in Nude Mice
Authors: Voshito Ueyama, Vukio Kondo, Norikazu Tamaoki, Nakaaki Ohsawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Human adenocarcinoma cells injected into the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c nude mice (nu/nu) induced ascites carcinoma. The inoculant was obtained from subcutaneous tumors produced in nude mice by an injection of ascites cells from a patient with carcinomatous peritonitis caused by mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach. An ascitic fluid began to accumulate 45 days after inoculation and reached the maximum volume within 120 days. Dispersed stomach cancer cells in the ascites could be serially transplanted in nude mice in an ascites form. The morphology of these cells was similar to that of the original cells in the ascitic fluid of a patient with carcinomatous peritonitis.
Chemotherapy for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase-Deficient Patient
Authors: Y. Yoshida, N. Aisu, S. Tanimura, S. Hoshino, K. Ogata, M. Uchiyama, S. Hara, A. Mogi, Y. Takamatsu, K. Hirata, K. Tamura, H. Mishima, Y. Yamashita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Neutrophil superoxide release is required for spontaneous and FMLP-mediated but not for TNF alpha-mediated apoptosis.
Authors: R Kettritz, R J Falk, J C Jennette, M L Gaido
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) lifespan is characterized by both rapid production and apoptotic cell death. The mechanisms triggering apoptosis in PMN are not completely understood. In this study, the relationship of neutrophil activation and apoptosis as related to released superoxide was investigated. PMN apoptosis was detected by DNA fragmentation, and ultraviolet and light microscopy, and was quantified by flow cytometry; superoxide release was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C. Incubation of PMN with 20 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha induced superoxide release (8.8 +/- 7.5 nmol O2-/30 min, n = 7) in normal PMN and also resulted in apoptosis within 2 h, whereas a subactivating dose of 2 ng/ml TNF alpha, which did not trigger superoxide release (3.1 +/- 1.7 nmol O2-, n = 10), did facilitate apoptosis, although to a lesser degree. PMN cultured under nonstimulating conditions underwent apoptotic cell death after 8 h. Exogenous superoxide dismutase did not inhibit apoptosis induced by 20 ng/ml TNF alpha. No upregulation of endogenous manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA expression was observed in response to TNF alpha as measured by reverse transcription PCR. Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation (10(-7) M) resulting in superoxide release of 31.7 +/- 6.1 nmol O2-/30 min (n = 10) also significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis, but at 24 h (P < 0.05). Exogenous superoxide dismutase did inhibit FMLP-induced apoptosis, as well as apoptosis due to aging in culture. In conclusion, aging and FMLP-stimulated PMN undergo apoptosis by a superoxide release-dependent pathway, whereas TNF alpha-facilitated apoptosis appears to be unrelated to respiratory burst oxidase activity.
Efficacy of probing the nasolacrimal duct with adjunctive Mitomycin-C for epiphora in adults11None of the authors have any commercial interest in the material mentioned herein.
Authors: Chieh-Chih Tsai, Hui-Chuan Kau, Shu-Ching Kao, Wen-Ming Hsu, Jorn-Hon Liu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)