tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are generalists still needed in a specialised world? The renaissance of general surgery Survival of the general physician
Authors: I J P Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Are generalists still needed in a specialised world?As specialism in medicine progresses to subspecialism and superspecialism, it might seem that the general physician or surgeon is a relic of a bygone era.Here a surgeon and a physician argue that generalists are needed as much today as ever, particularly in emergency medicine and away from large hospitals in major conurbations
Estrogen and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced sensitivity of 14-dehydro-2-methoxyestradiol (14-dehydro-2ME) on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells in the presence of estradiol
Authors: Arti Verma, T. J. Thomas, M. A. Gallo, Pemmaraju N. Rao, Thresia Thomas
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4686 

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) is an endogenous metabolite of estrogen (E2), with anti-proliferative, apoptotic and antiestrogenic action in human breast cancer cell lines. Analogues of 2ME are being synthesized to increase potency of this compound. We studied the effects of 2-methoxy-14-dehydroestradiol (14-Dehydro-2ME) on the proliferation and the regulation of polyamine pathway in estrogen receptor (ER) ER-positive MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. Proliferation of MCF-7 and T47D cells was examined over a period of one week. Cells were treated for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days with different concentrations of 14-Dehydro-2-ME with or without E2. Cell proliferation was determined by trypan blue exclusion method. There was a dose-dependent decrease in cell number with treatment. In the presence of E2, the mean IC50 value (concentration for 50% inhibition) for day 6 and day 8 was 32 nM for T-47D cells. However, when 14-Dehydro-2-ME was tested in the absence of E2, the mean IC50 was 1120 nM showing a 35 fold difference in its sensitivity to T-47D cells compared to that in the absence of E2. At low concentrations (10 to 100 nM), 14-Dehydro-2-ME showed a moderate increase (∼20%) in cell proliferation. The mean IC50 value for MCF-7 cells (day 6 and day 8) was 211 nM in the absence of E2 and 113 nM, in the presence of E2. Since polyamine biosynthesis plays an important role in cell proliferation, we tested the effect of 14-Dehydro-2-ME on the polyamine pathway. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis was measured after MCF-7 cells were treated with IC50 and IC25 concentrations of 14-Dehydro-2ME. At IC25 dose of 14-Dehydro-2-ME, there was no change in ODC activity on day 4 compared to E2 treatment group. In cells treated with the IC50 dose, ODC activity was reduced by ∼ 50%. Intracellular polyamine (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) levels were measured using HPLC technique. At IC50 concentration, there was a 35%, 27% and 35% decrease in putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels respectively in cells treated with 14-Dehydro-2-ME. Our results showed enhanced sensitivity of 14-Dehydro-2-ME for ER-positive human breast cancer cells growing in the presence of E2. We also found a similar enhanced sensitivity of 2ME for MCF-7 cells in the presence of E2. Results on the effect of 14-Dehydro-2-ME on polyamine pathway were consistent with its anti-proliferative activity. The observation that ER-positive cells growing in the presence of E2 is highly sensitive to 2ME and 14-Dehydro-2-ME might be utilized by selection of subsets of patients with high circulating or tissue levels of E2.
Pemphigoid nodularis associated with psoriatic erythroderma: successful treatment with suplatast tosilate
Authors: Y. Teraki, T. Fukuda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Pemphigoid nodularis associated with psoriatic erythroderma: successful treatment with suplatast tosilate Get access Y. Teraki, Y. Teraki Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1981 Kamoda Tsujido, Kawagoe, Saitama 350‐8550, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan E‐mail: teraki@saitama‐med.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Fukuda T. Fukuda Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1981 Kamoda Tsujido, Kawagoe, Saitama 350‐8550, Japan *Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan E‐mail: teraki@saitama‐med.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 2, 1 February 2008, Pages 424–426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08333.x Published: 01 February 2008
Redox Regulation of Inflammation: Old Elements, a New Story
Authors: Yunlong Lei, Kui Wang, Longfei Deng, Yi Chen, Edouard C. Nice, Canhua Huang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2014)

Abstract Inflammation is an essential immune response characterized by pain, swelling, redness, heat, and impaired function. A controlled acute inflammatory response is necessary to fight off infection and overcome injury. However, if the inflammatory process persists and enters into the chronic state, it can lead to local and systemic deleterious effects counterproductive to healing and instead constitutes a new pathology. Typically, inflamed tissues are associated with an elevated level of reactive species (reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS)). These ROS/RNS are generated during the respiratory burst of immune cells and are important factors in defense against invading pathogens. Additionally, reactive species are now known to trigger oxidative/nitrosative modifications of biomolecules. While most of these modifications lead to irreparable damage, some are subtle and fully reversible. The reversible modifications can initiate signaling cascades known as “redox signaling.” This redox signaling tightly modulates the inflammatory response. Thus, understanding the complex role of ROS/RNS‐induced redox signaling in inflammation will assist in the design of relevant therapeutic intervention strategies for inflammation‐associated diseases. This review will highlight the impact of oxidative stress and redox signaling on inflammation and inflammation‐associated diseases, with a focus on redox modifications of inflammation‐related proteins.
Gender differences in eosinophilic airway inflammation in allergic and non-allergic asthma
Authors: Michiyoshi Imaoka, Reiko Kishikawa, Terufumi Shimoda, Tomoaki Iwanaga
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  :  Several studies have shown potential gender specific differences in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of asthma, whose mechanisms are not fully understood.   Aims and objectives  :  We examined the influence of gender on eosinophilic airway inflammation in steroid-naive patients with allergic and non-allergic asthma.   Methods:  The subjects comprised 280 Japanese patients [101 males and 179 females, median (range) age 53 (18-88) years] with asthma who were untreated with glucocorticosteroids and during attack-free periods. We used the levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. The FeNO concentration was measured using the recommended online method. We compared the levels of FeNO between males and females, separately for allergic and non-allergic asthma.   Results:  In 171 patients with allergic asthma, 70 males had significantly higher FeNO levels compared with 101 females (59.6±57.3 versus 43.3±46.6 ppb, respectively;  P =0.02); in 109 patients with non-allergic asthma, there was no significant difference in FeNO levels between 31 males and 78 females (46.4±36.3 versus 39.8±38.0 ppb, respectively;  P =0.2).   Conclusions:  Our results indicate that the importance of eosinophils in airway inflammation differs between males and females in allergic asthma, but not in non-allergic asthma. In allergic asthma, female patients may include higher rates of other inflammatory phenotypes than eosinophilic asthma compared with male patients.
Media: Down and loud
Authors: R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A Living Hell , BBC2, a 3 part series Wednesdays 11 15pm, starting 3 March

Lewis Wolpert—professor of biology as applied to medicine at University College London—became clinically depressed a few years ago after a mild heart problem and required admission to the psychiatric wing of the Royal Free Hospital. A Living Hell follows his journey into uncovering what medical science reveals about depression. Given the media's preference for personal anecdote rather than impersonal fact, a series like this had to wait until a doctor presenter was suffering from depression himself and agreed to be explicit about his illness on television. However, Wolpert has cleverly used the media interest in his illness to instruct the public on the essential issues.

It is perhaps because there is so much current popular fascination with depression that Wolpert has been indulged by the BBC in focusing on this one illness for three 40 minute programmes. Exactly why this should happen now is something of a mystery to those …
Abstract 512: Infiltrating CD4 Positive T cells may Support an Angiogenic Switch in Human Coronary Atheroma
Authors: Frank D Kolodgie, Aya Nakazawa, Saami K Yazdani, Erica Pacheco, Xin Xu, Qi Cheng, Elena Ladich, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Pathologic angiogenesis has been implicated in the development of high-risk plaques where nascent immature leaky vessels become the primary source of intraplaque hemorrhage contributing to necrotic core expansion. The stage of lesion progression, however, favoring an angiogenic response has not been identified. Methods and Results: Multiple coronary lesions collected from 73 sudden coronary death victims at autopsy were examined. Plaque morphologies included pathologic intimal thickening (PIT), fibroatheromas whose cores were in an early stage (eFA) or late stage (lFA) of necrosis, thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA) and ruptures (pR). Lesions were characterized by immunostaining using specific markers directed against endothelial cells (CD31/CD34), smooth muscle cells (α-actin), macrophages (CD68), and T-lymphocytes (CD45RO, CD4). Mean intraplaque vessel densities per mm 2 between lesions with PIT and eFA increased significantly (PIT= 15.84±16.73 vs. eFA= 42.07±40.70, p=0.0054) where maximal numbers of vessels were found in pR (66.57±33.42). Overall, intraplaque vessels associated with actin 3 SMCs, were generally &lt;10%, suggesting a more immature phenotype. Increased vessel densities coincided with greater numbers of inflammatory macrophages and T-cells. Notably, T-cell numbers in areas with high intraplaque vessel densities increased approximate 3-fold between lesions with PIT and eFA (PIT= 62.62±76.50 vs. eFA= 182.33±171.54, p=0.0043) with maximal numbers displayed in TCFAs and pRs, in particular at the intimal/medial border. Populations infiltrating T cells were predominantly CD4 3 and most of these appeared to be activated (human leukocyte antigen DR positive). Conclusion: Atherosclerotic coronary arteries express a latent proangiogenic phenotype coinciding with a localized increased in activated CD4 3 T-cells and early plaque necrosis.
Different response of cholangiocarcinoma cells to the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Hyung Jin Cha, Han Seop Shin, Sun Mi Hong, Bee Hak Hong, Jung Hee Kwon, Dae-Ghon Kim, Kwan Yong Choi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C79 

Acetaminophen is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. However, it is toxic when large amounts are ingested, and can cause liver and kidney failure. These toxic effects is thought to be due to N -acetyl- p -benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolized by cytochrome P-450. While CYP2E1 is usually thought to have a major role in catalyzing the metabolism of acetaminophen to the hepatotoxic NAPQI, other isoforms of P450, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, can catalyze the metabolism of acetaminophen. To study the acetaminophen-induced toxicity, HepG2 has widely used as a model system. However, the toxicity study of acetaminophen in cholangiocarcinomas cells is rare. We studied the acetaminophen-induced cell toxicity in four cholangiocarcinomas cell lines. Our group found that JCK cells among these cells were more resistant to this acetaminophen-induced toxicity than the other cholangiocarcinoma cells. And studies about cytochrome P450 isoforms influencing the acetaminophen-induced toxicity in cholangiocarcinoma cells could expand the knowledge of the mechanism of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
618. Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) Levels Can Be Increased in Human Xenografts Followed by Treatment with FK228, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
Authors: Alian Aguila, Merrill E. Goldsmith, Santhi J. Gollapalli, Michael C. Alley, William W. Waud, Susan Bates, Tito Fojo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
Etanercept blocks inflammatory responses orchestrated by TNF-α to promote transplanted cell engraftment and proliferation in rat liver
Authors: Preeti Viswanathan, Sorabh Kapoor, Vinay Kumaran, Brigid Joseph, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Engraftment of transplanted cells is critical for liver-directed cell therapy, but most transplanted cells are rapidly cleared from liver sinusoids by proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/receptors after activation of neutrophils or Kupffer cells (KCs). To define whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) served roles in cell-transplantation–induced hepatic inflammation, we used the TNF-α antagonist, etanercept (ETN), for studies in syngeneic rat hepatocyte transplantation systems. After cell transplantation, multiple cytokines/chemokines/receptors were overexpressed, whereas ETN before cell transplantation essentially normalized these responses. Moreover, ETN down-regulated cell-transplantation–induced intrahepatic release of secretory cytokines, such as high-mobility group box 1. These effects of ETN decreased cell-transplantation–induced activation of neutrophils, but not of KCs. Transplanted cell engraftment improved by several-fold in ETN-treated animals. These gains in cell engraftment were repeatedly realized after pretreatment of animals with ETN before multiple cell transplantation sessions. Transplanted cell numbers did not change over time, indicating absence of cell proliferation after ETN alone. By contrast, in animals preconditioned with retrorsine and partial hepatectomy, cell transplantation after ETN pretreatment significantly accelerated liver repopulation, compared to control rats. Conclusion : TNF-α plays a major role in orchestrating cell-transplantation–induced inflammation through regulation of multiple cytokines/chemokines/receptor expression. Because TNF-α antagonism by ETN decreased transplanted cell clearance, improved cell engraftment, and accelerated liver repopulation, this pharmacological approach to control hepatic inflammation will help optimize clinical strategies for liver cell therapy. (Hepatology 2014;60:1378–1388)
Aktinik keratoz ve Bowen hastalığında yeni bir tedavi yaklaşımı olarak fenol ile soyma yöntemleri: Klinik, histolojik ve immünohistokimyasal ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi ile prospektif pilot çalışma
Authors: Chikako Kaminaka, Yuki Yamamoto, Nozomi Yonei, Akiko Kishioka, Toshikazu Kondo veFukumi Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
New Rule Requires Labeling Information for Pediatric UseNew Requirement for Patient Labeling for Selected Prescription Drug ProductsCategories of Research Eligible for Expedited Review by IRBsNew Rule Requires Labeling Information for Pediatric UseNew Requirement for Patient Labeling for Selected Prescription Drug ProductsCategories of Research Eligible for Expedited Review by IRBs
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dying/Living: Edge’s Tale
Authors: Jeff Crandall
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF IODINE IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: J. H. Means
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 October 1933THE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF IODINE IN THYROTOXICOSISJ. H. MEANS, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. H. MEANS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-4-439 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThree years ago at the Minneapolis Meeting of the College a paper was presented by the author on the use of iodine in exophthalmic goiter.1 The discussion then centered chiefly about the therapeutic use of that agent. However, because of its utterly characteristic action in thyrotoxicosis the use of iodine may also give diagnostic information of great importance, in cases where the presence or absence of thyrotoxicosis is in doubt.The chief questions which a doctor must decide, when confronted with a patient with a goiter, are whether this goiter is accompanied by hyperfunction, whether it is causing pressure, or...Bibliography1. MEANS JH: The use of iodine in exophthalmic goiter, ANN. INT. MED., 1930, iv, 117-121. Google Scholar2. MEANS JH: Diagnosis and treatment of the several types of goiter, Med. Clin. N. Am., 1933, xvi, 781-792. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Read at the Montreal Meeting of the American College of Physicians, February 6, 1933.From the Thyroid Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byKrankheiten der Schilddrüse 1 October 1933Volume 7, Issue 4Page: 439-444KeywordsHospitalsThyroid Issue Published: 1 October 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...
Models identify hidden assumptions
Authors: Eve Marder
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2000)

It is not only theorists who make models. All biologists work with explicit or implicit 'word models' that describe their vision of how a system works. One of the most important functions of theoretical and computational neuroscience is to translate these word models into more rigorous statements that can be checked for consistency, robustness and generalization through calculations and/or numerical simulations.
Manual of Clinical Problems in Pulmonary Medicine. With Annotated Key References.
Authors: Richard A. Bordow, Edward W. Stool, Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

This edition provides quick access to the clinical essentials of managing pulmonary disorders for clinicians, residents and students. The book contains two- to three-page summaries of the definition, aetiology, incidence, diagnostic workup, management and outcome of more than 100 common clinical pulmonary problems. Each summary is followed by an annotated bibliography that contains references to the most current and classical papers in that area. Revised and brought up-to-date, this edition contains new information on HIV disease, multi-drug TB therapy, and low-molecular-weight heparin.
Invasive fungal infection in an elderly patient with defective inflammatory macrophage function
Authors: L.Y.A. Chai, R. Naesens, A.L. Khoo, M.V. Abeele, K. van Renterghem, R. Cartuyvels, M.G. Netea, I.C. Gyssens
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)