tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acromegaly and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: RALPH L. CAVALIERI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1975Acromegaly and Cardiovascular DiseaseRALPH L. CAVALIERIRALPH L. CAVALIERISearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-429_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The prospective study of acromegaly and cardiovascular disorders reported by McGuffin and associates (Ann Intern Med81:11-18, 1974) concludes with a treatment recommendation that seems unfounded. They state that acromegalic patients who do not have hypertension or cardiac disease should not be treated with aggressive modes of therapy (presumably radiation or surgery) to prevent these complications. As evidence they report that in their study of 57 acromegalics, 13 of whom had hypertension, a marked reduction in plasma growth hormone concentration did not influence the level of blood pressure, although they give no specific data. They also found... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44120 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 429-430KeywordsAcromegalyBlood pressureCardiac surgeryCardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyGrowth hormoneHeart diseasesHypertensionProspective studiesRadiation therapy Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Professional Agencies and the Competence of Physicians
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The publication of the Report of the Committee on Goals and Priorities (GAP) of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) has evoked a wide spectrum of response, ranging from naive total acceptance to criticism of the National Board as an arrogant, self-serving agency attempting to impose its convictions on the medical establishment. In the midst of the somewhat strident literary offerings on this subject, there has been an evident lack of understanding of the responsibility that various professional agencies have for education and evaluation, and to whom they are accountable. The authority that these agencies have to make and implement decisions is always delegated, either formally or tacitly, by the medical profession, the educational institutions, or the public via legislation. Frequently, it is forgotten that the education of a physician is a means to an end, ie, service to the public. All agencies concerned with evaluation assessment of competence,
The potential for genetic adaptations to language
Authors: Mark Pagel, Quentin D. Atkinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We suggest there is somewhat more potential than Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) allow for genetic adaptations specific to language. Our uniquely cooperative social system requires sophisticated language skills. Learning and performance of some culturally transmitted elements in animals is genetically based, and we give examples of features of human language that evolve slowly enough that genetic adaptations to them may arise.
Changes in Fertility Rates of Schizophrenic Patients in New York State
Authors: L. ERLENMEYER-KIMLING, SUSAN NICOL, JOHN D. RAINER, W. EDWARDS DEMING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Two cohorts of patients admitted to New York state hospitals in 1934-36 and in 1954-56 with the diagnosis of schizophrenia were compared to assess possible changes in marital and reproductive rates during the 20-year period. The authors found that patients of both sexes and all age groups in the later cohort showed increases in marital and reproductive rates in comparison with those in the earlier cohort. They attribute this trend to decreased length of hospital stay as well as more flexible social attitudes toward former patients and discuss its implications for population genetics and community problems.
Evaluation of Acute Proctitis
Authors: Richard R. Babb
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Acute proctitis is a nonspecific disease secondary to many specific causes. These include ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, enteric infections, venereal disease, antibiotics, ischemia, and radiation therapy. Clinicians should avoid making a diagnosis until appropriate tests such as sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy, and stool analysis have been done. (<i>JAMA</i>244:358-359, 1980)
The Role of Suture Material on Tumor Implantation
Authors: Frank C. DiVincenti
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Cole kindled a new flame in the field of cancer research in 1952, when he pointed out the high incidence of recurrence at the suture line following primary resection and end-to-end anastomosis for carcinoma of the colon.<sup>1</sup>About the same time, Morgan and Lloyd-Davies,<sup>2</sup>and Goligher and associates<sup>3</sup>reported similar findings. Haverback and Smith<sup>4</sup>emphasized the role of the suture in transplanting tumor cells and stimulated additional research related to the control and prevention of this form of tumor transplantation. In previous studies from this laboratory, mechanical methods have been of little value in the control of tumor recurrence at the anastomotic area.<sup>5,6</sup>Chemotherapeutic irrigation of the anastomosis also was ineffective in reducing the incidence of tumor recurrence at the anastomotic site.<sup>5,7,8</sup> Gubareff and Suntzeff<sup>9</sup>showed that a suture treated with a weak iodine solution effectively decreased the transplantation of a highly malignant rhabdomyosarcoma
Metabolic Studies and Clinical Observations During L-Dopa Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: M. J. T. Peaston, J. R. Bianchine
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Twenty-two patients with Parkinson's disease were treated for the periods of up to six months with L-dopa. In nine of the male patients metabolic observations were made after oral administration of (14)C-L-dopa.Peak serum levels of total radioactivity represented small fractions of the dose given and occurred at one to two hours after ingestion. Two-thirds of the dose was excreted as metabolites in urine in eight hours. Insignificant fractions of the dose were excreted in stool and expired air. These results indicate rapid and complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as rapid distribution and excretion. Clinical observations confirmed that L-dopa is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease. Improvements in disability averaged 47% at 30 days, 55% at 50 days, and 60% at three months. Degree of improvement tended to be inversely related to age of patient, duration of illness, and severity of disease. Side-effects were seen in most patients, but were always reversible with dose reduction. Nausea was the chief dose-limiting side-effects in early therapy and choreoathetosis after two months of treatment. The average tolerated daily dose was 3 g. On the basis of this experience it seems that the drug can be used safely and effectively on an outpatient basis provided that dosage increments are introduced gradually, maximum dosage is limited to 4 g. a day, and supervision is both close and continuous.
Abstract 1501: Prostate-specific antigen cleaves nidogen-1
Authors: Johanna Mattsson, Suvi Ravela, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Hannu Koistinen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA or kallikrein-related peptidase 3, KLK3) is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease expressed in the prostate and secreted into seminal fluid. Several studies have demonstrated that PSA exerts anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation model, where the cells were grown on Matrigel™ basement membrane preparation, we recently showed that the enzymatic activity of PSA is essential for its anti-angiogenic function. Previously, PSA has been shown to cleave components of extracellular matrix (ECM), e.g., laminin and fibronectin, as well as unidentified proteins in Matrigel™. Proteolytic products of some ECM proteins, such as collagen XVIII-fragment endostatin, are known to be anti-angiogenic. Cleavage of ECM is also crucial for cancer cell invasion. We studied the PSA-generated protein fragments derived from Matrigel™ and aimed to characterize their anti-angiogenic activity. PSA was purified from seminal fluid and incubated with Matrigel™ for 24 h at 37°C. The resulting proteolytic fragments were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Recombinant human nidogen-1 (also known as entactin) was incubated with PSA for 18 h at 37°C and the fragments were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining. The effect of nidogen-1 fragments was studied in the HUVEC tube formation model. We found that PSA cleaves nidogen-1 in Matrigel™. This was confirmed by using recombinant nidogen-1. The nidogen-1 fragments, however, did not have any anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs in the tube formation model. We conclude that the cleavage of nidogen-1 by PSA may lead to disruption of basement membrane structure and, thus, may inhibit HUVEC tube formation as well as facilitate cancer cell invasion. The nidogen-1 fragments per se do not mediate the anti-angiogenic function of PSA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1501. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1501
Genotypes for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and alcohol sensitivity. The inactive ALDH2(2) allele is dominant.
Authors: D W Crabb, H J Edenberg, W F Bosron, T K Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Many Orientals lack the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) activity responsible for the oxidation of acetaldehyde produced during ethanol metabolism. These individuals suffer the alcohol-flush reaction when they drink alcoholic beverages. The alcohol-flush reaction is the result of excessive acetaldehyde accumulation, and the unpleasant symptoms tend to reduce alcohol consumption. The subunit of this homotetrameric enzyme was sequenced and the abnormality in the inactive enzyme shown to be a substitution of lysine for glutamate at position 487. We have used the polymerase chain reaction to determine the genotypes of 24 livers from Japanese individuals. Correlating genotype with phenotype leads to the conclusion that the allele (ALDH2(2)) encoding the abnormal subunit is dominant.
Breast feeding and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Y Ben-Shlomo, G Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

underlying diseased subcutaneous tissues.2This flap should be replaced when a healthy bed has been obtained, providing improved cover and reduced deformity.This technique was used in one of three patients, with a considerably improved cosmetic result.3The vascularity of the skin of the head and neck facilitates this approach, but it should be considered when necrotising fasciitis occurs at other sites.
The iPad cometh
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Hallelujah, the iPad is among us. Eight weeks after its launch in the US, the iPad is available in nine other countries including the UK. And we’ve even got one in the BMJ ’s office, although we didn’t buy it—a colleague won it at a conference. Up until now we’ve had to make do with occasional glimpses of the one in our technology department, which they let us play with if we wash our hands first.

If you haven’t seen one, it is a thing of beauty: the size, the colour and depth of the images, the tactile screen. I should say straight away that …
Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Restenosis: Insights From the j-Cypher Registry
Authors: Mitsuru Abe, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Takuya Taniguchi, Futoshi Yamanaka, Kazuhiro Nakao, Nobuhito Yagi, Nobuaki Kokubu, Yoichiro Kasahara, Yu Kataoka, Yoritaka Otsuka, Atsushi Kawamura, Shunichi Miyazaki, Koichi Nakao, Kenji Horiuchi, Akira Ito, Hiroshi Hoshizaki, Ren Kawaguchi, Manabu Setoguchi, Tsukasa Inada, Koichi Kishi, Hiroki Sakamoto, Nobuyuki Morioka, Masao Imai, Hiroki Shiomi, Hiroshi Nonogi, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Optimal treatment strategies for restenosis of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) have not been adequately addressed yet.During the 3-year follow-up of 12 824 patients enrolled in the j-Cypher registry, 1456 lesions in 1298 patients underwent target-lesion revascularization (TLR). Excluding 362 lesions undergoing TLR for stent thrombosis or TLR using treatment modalities other than SES or balloon angioplasty (BA), 1094 lesions with SES-associated restenosis in 990 patients treated with either SES (537 lesions) or BA (557 lesions) constituted the study population for the analysis of recurrent TLR and stent thrombosis after the first TLR. Excluding 24 patients with both SES- and BA-treated lesions, 966 patients constituted the analysis set for the mortality outcome. Cumulative incidence of recurrent TLR in the SES-treated restenosis lesions was significantly lower than that in the BA-treated restenosis lesions (23.8% versus 37.7% at 2 years after the first TLR; P<0.0001). Among 33 baseline variables evaluated, only hemodialysis was identified to be the independent risk factor for recurrent TLR by a multivariable logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for confounders, repeated SES implantation was associated with a strong treatment effect in preventing recurrent TLR over BA (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.61; P<0.0001). The 2-year mortality and stent thrombosis rates between the SES- and the BA-treated groups were 10.4% versus 10.8% (P=0.4) and 0.6% versus 0.6%, respectively.Repeated implantation of SES for SES-associated restenosis is more effective in preventing recurrent TLR than treatment with BA, without evidence of safety concerns.
Boxing, mixed martial arts, and other risky sports: is the BMA confused?
Authors: D. K. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The BMA’s current stance on the fighting arts is inconsistent



The BMA’s handbook Medical Ethics Today states unequivocally that “competent adult patients have the right to refuse any medical treatment, even if that refusal results in their permanent physical injury or death.”1 Yet the BMA’s latest statement on its proposed ban on boxing and mixed martial arts states with equal certitude that “the BMA’s opposition to boxing [and mixed martial arts] is based on medical evidence that reveals the risk not only of acute injury but also of chronic brain damage in those who survive a career in boxing.”2

These two statements are difficult to reconcile. On the one hand the BMA says that we should respect Mr Smith’s decision to refuse lifesaving antibiotics for his septicaemia but on the other that we should not respect Mr Smith’s decision to step into a boxing ring against a consenting opponent. The consequence of not intervening in the first case is probable death; in the second, perhaps injury and a minuscule chance of death.

The principle of respect for autonomy forms a cornerstone of modern medical ethics. The principle requires, subject to limited exceptions, that people be allowed to make decisions about how they want to conduct their lives. This principle underpins the BMA’s position that patients have a right to …
172 DOES GLYCYRRHIZIN PROTECT AGAINST ISCHEMIA- REPERFUSION INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY BY INHIBITING HIGH-MOBILITY GROUP-1 (HMGB1)?
Authors: A. Mabuchi, M. Muhamad, G. Gaidamaka, H. Watanabe, K. Wake, A. Wheatley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Poor countries urgently need to scale up training of healthcare workers, task force warns
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The critical shortage of healthcare workers in many developing countries—especially in sub-Saharan Africa—needs to be dealt with urgently, urges a report by an international expert group sponsored by the World Health Organization.

“Without implementing changes thousands of people in the poorest nations will continue to suffer,” said Nigel Crisp, who co-chairs the Global Health Workforce Alliance, a partnership of United Nations agencies, professional associations, non-governmental organisations, and academics.

WHO has estimated that there is a worldwide shortage of at least 4.3 million healthcare workers, including 2.4 million doctors, nurses, and midwives. As a result of the shortage, which is severe in about 57 countries, more than one billion people do not have access to health care, it says.

The alliance’s report …
A good death, or a public one?
Authors: Jane Smith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Many people might think that part of a good death is privacy—or at least having some say over how wide should be the circle of family and friends who come to talk and touch and give support. But these last two weeks have seen two very public deaths—with room to doubt that the victims would have wanted it that way.

Last weekend the pope died. Even in a non-Catholic country such as Britain, a casual listener to the radio or watcher of TV could not help notice how closely each stage of the pope's dying was marked and reported on. As …
Points: Banning of boxing
Authors: J R Axon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

despite the evidence that in countries where health education of the public receives much higher priority than here, mortality from coronary heart disease has fallen below our own.The fall in mortality among doctors (and other professions) is almost certainly the result of the reduction of cigarette smoking and improved eating and exercise habits.This is what a population policy is likely to effect and is the responsibility of community physicians, health educators, and other health workers.The high risk strategy of detecting and advising those at greater risk whether from theirgenes or from their habits makes good sense and is already being carried out in several general practices.If Professor Oliver believes that this should be extended to the screening of the whole adult population to identify the 5%/, at highest risk he should spell out how this is to be done.Meanwhile it should be accepted that both strategies are necessary.
Corrigendum to: “The effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for personality disorders when comparing treatment-as-usual and bona fide treatments” [Clin. Psychol. Rev. 33 (2013) 1057–1066]
Authors: Stephanie L. Budge, Jonathan T. Moore, A.C. Del Re, Bruce E. Wampold, Timothy P. Baardseth, Jacob B. Nienhuis
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2014)
Increased Rigidity and Priming of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Sepsis
Authors: ELLEN M. DROST, GARBIS KASSABIAN, HERBERT J. MEISELMAN, DAVID GELMONT, TIMOTHY C. FISHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

It has been proposed that abnormal mechanical properties may contribute to capillary retention of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in sepsis, leading to the development of organ dysfunction. The present study was designed to determine whether PMN rigidity is increased in severe sepsis, and whether changes in the rheologic behavior of PMN correlate with the clinical course in sepsis. Eighteen adults with severe sepsis were studied over a period of 14 d; 11 survived and seven died. PMN deformation behavior was investigated via micropore filtration, using the cell transit analyzer. On Day 0, PMN rigidity was 2.5-fold greater for sepsis patients than for five normal controls (p < 0.001). PMN rigidity progressively improved over the 14 d study period for patients who recovered, but not for those who died; clinical indicators correlated with PMN rigidity. Patient PMN also exhibited a 5-fold greater increase in rigidity in response to formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) than did control PMN. Both the increased rigidity and enhanced response to fMLP could be simulated in vitro by incubation of normal PMN with tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ). We conclude that circulating PMN are more rigid in severe sepsis, and are "primed" for an augmented response to chemotactic stimuli. These findings support the hypothesis that cytokine-mediated increases of PMN rigidity may lead to sequestration of these cells in capillaries and to the consequent impairment of microvascular perfusion in sepsis.
Granulopoietic Models — Effect on Chemotherapy
Authors: Eugene P. Cronkite
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN this issue of the Journal Morley and Stohlman present data on and a concept of granulocytopoiesis that are of fundamental scientific value and have practical clinical implications of great importance in patient care. In 1966 Morley1 reported that a periodic oscillation of the granulocyte count is present is some normal males. The amplitude was small —roughly 25 per cent of the mean, and the duration varied from 14 to 23 days. King-Smith and Morley2 designed a computer model for granulopoiesis based on a periodic cycle ot blood granulocyte concentration regulated by two feedback loops — a fast loop that . . .
Abstract 3939: The effect of DNA glycosylase depletion on the transcriptome and epigenome
Authors: Jay George, Rob Sobol
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have developed a panel of human cell lines, each deficient in one of the eleven DNA glycosylase enzymes. To expand background diversity, the same shRNA lentiviruses were also used to develop parallel cell line panels in different tumor backgrounds, including glioma and breast cancer cell lines. Depletion of target mRNA ranged from 67-99% with similar target mRNA depletion across tumor cell backgrounds. Gene expression knockdown was sufficient to functionally diminish enzyme activity, protein levels and mRNA profiling for each exemplified the impact of DNA repair defects on the human transcriptome. As an example of the far reaching potential for a panel of DNA repair deficient cell lines, we show that DNA glycosylase deficiency modulated both the transcriptome and epigenome, implicating some DNA glycosylases in methylation maintenance and genome expression diversity. In addition we demonstrate the impact on DNA repair in glycosylase depleted backgrounds. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3939.
CPC's as Educational Instruments
Authors: Lawrence L. Weed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

One's philosophy about the CPC as an educational instrument should logically be based on the premises one holds for medical education in general. As it is unwise in pathology to go directly to the high power before examining the gross specimen, and using the low power, it would also be unwise for us to focus down on a fragment of the CPC before we place it in the educational system in general. Though one can propose at least 20 new premises to replace those traditionally held in medical education, it may be appropriate to state a few as a basis . . .