tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17557: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Early Treatment Strategies of Patients with Chronic Total Occlusions Undergoing Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Maksymilian P Opolski, Bríain Ó Hartaigh, Heidi Gransar, Joshua Schulman-Marcus, Quynh A Truong, Daniel S Berman, Matthew J Budoff, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Daniele Andreini, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Q Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J Chow, Ricardo Cury, Augustin Delago, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Gudrun Feuchtner, Yong-Jin Kim, Philipp A Kaufmann, Jonathon Leipsic, Fay Y Lin, Erica Maffei, Gianluca Pontone, Gilbert Raff, Leslee J Shaw, Todd C Villines, Allison Dunning, James K Min
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Data describing the prevalence, characteristics, and management of chronic total occlusions (CTO) in patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have not been reported. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment strategies of CTO identified by CCTA. Methods: We identified 23,745 patients who underwent CCTA for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) from the CONFIRM (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter) registry. Baseline clinical data were collected, and allocation to early coronary revascularization performed within 90 days of CCTA was determined. Multivariable logistic regression reporting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was performed. Results: Patients with CTO were older (64.7 ± 10.8 vs 57.2 ± 12.6 years, p&lt;0.001) and more often male (74.6% vs 54.1%, p&lt;0.001) compared with patients without CTO. The prevalence of CTO was 1.4% (342/23,745) in all patients and 6.2% in patients with obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis). The presence of CTO was independently associated with male sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, age, and less common atypical angina (Table). Most CTO patients (61%) were treated medically, while 39% underwent coronary revascularization. In patients with severe CAD (≥70% stenosis), CTO independently predicted revascularization by CABG (OR 3.06, 95%CI: 1.88-4.98, p&lt;0.001) but not by PCI (p=0.08). Conclusions: CTOs are not uncommon in a contemporary CCTA population and are associated with age, gender, angina status and CAD risk factors. Most individuals with CTO undergoing CCTA are managed medically with higher rates of surgical revascularization in patients with versus without CTO.
A memorable patient: Lessons in communication
Authors: M. Mulcahy
Journal: BMJ (2001)

When I was a final year medical student at Birmingham University it was customary to gain your first experience of obstetrics and gynaecology in a different region. On my first morning I wandered down to the operating theatres with some trepidation—I had already heard that Mr X, the consultant to whom I was attached, could be “a little difficult.” Things got off to an imperfect start when I got lost and blundered into the …
Abstract 3921: Generation of a T-cell lymphoma mouse model based on chronic LPS challenge and TGF-β signaling disruption
Authors: Nina M. Muñoz, Lior H. Katz, Mihai I. Gagea, Asif Rashid, Lopa Mishra
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: It has been demonstrated that elevated alcohol intake affects the permeability of the gut allowing endotoxins such as LPS to enter into the portal circulation and to promote liver ethanol toxicity. It has also been shown that increased ethanol intake and LPS challenge impairs liver function and affects liver tumor formation. Hence, with the aim of generating a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease that would rapidly develop steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, we formulated a regimen that combined chronic injections of low dose LPS with ethanol feeding to mice with impaired TGF-β signaling through constitutive disruption of β2-spectrin (Sptbn1+/-) , Smad3 (Smad3+/-) or both. Methods: Wild type, Sptbn1+/-, Smad3+/- and Sptbn1+/-;Smad3+/- female mice between 8-10 weeks of age were fed orally with a Lieber-DeCarli-based diet containing 6.7% ethanol, and 2-4 weeks later they were injected with 2mg/kg LPS via i.p. 3 times/week for up to 20 weeks or death, whichever occurred first. Survival analysis was done using the Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. Results: Unexpectedly, the mice treated with chronic low dose LPS and fed the alcohol-containing diet only developed a mild liver phenotype, i.e. steatosis but not hepatitis or fibrosis. Instead, these mice developed very aggressive T-cell lymphomas with massive abdominal and thoracic hemorrhages to which the TGF-β mutant mice succumbed more rapidly than the wild type mice. The median survival of the mutants oscillated between 39 to 42 weeks vs. undefined of the wild type mice. We found statistically significant decreased survival of the mutant mice vs. the wild type (p-values between 0.0015 and 0.028). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mouse model of aggressive T-cell lymphoma based on chronic challenge with low dose LPS and alcohol feeding. We are currently assessing the cross-talk of the LPS/TLR4 and TGF-β pathways in T-cells from these mice to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the accelerated rate of lymphoma development in these mice. Citation Format: Nina M. Muñoz, Lior H. Katz, Mihai I. Gagea, Asif Rashid, Lopa Mishra. Generation of a T-cell lymphoma mouse model based on chronic LPS challenge and TGF-β signaling disruption. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3921. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3921
Abstract 3656: MDSC-generated nitric oxide leads to an impairment of NK cell functions in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Prashant Trikha, Bethany Mundy-Bosse, Ian Landi, Elizabeth McMichael, Amanda Harper, Megan Duggan, Nancy Stasik, Kari Kendra, Thomas Olencki, William Carson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are able to inhibit the function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of MDSCs with T cells has been studied extensively. However, the interaction of MDSCs with innate immune cells such as NK cells is not well understood. This study investigated whether the presence of MDSCs could impair the function of NK cells. MDSC (CD33+HLA-DRneg/lowCD11b+) and autologous NK cells (CD56+CD3neg) were isolated from the peripheral blood of metastatic melanoma patients and co-cultured overnight at a 1:1 ratio (2 x 105 cells each). Culture with MDSC led to a 70% decrease in NK cell mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HER2+ SkBr3 cells coated with an anti-HER2 antibody and a two-fold decrease in the production of interferon-gamma in response to these targets. Stimulation of the NK cell Fc receptor by immobilized immunoglobulin G (IgG) led to phosphorylation of Erk (p-Erk) and this event was significantly inhibited in the presence of MDSC in a dose and contact-dependent manner (p&amp;lt;0.05). Co-culture of NK cells with MDSC also led to reduced expression of the NKp30 activating receptor (1.7-fold decrease) and a decrease in cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line. MDSC were able to generate significant levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of MDSC NO synthesis in co-cultures led to a significant improvement in NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production (p&amp;lt;0.05). Depletion of MDSC from BALB/c mice bearing tumors of the CT26 adenocarcinoma cell line led to a three-fold increase in NK cell mediated ADCC. These results demonstrate that MDSC-derived NO can inhibit NK cell function, and suggest that strategies aimed at eliminating or deactivating MDSC may lead to enhanced efficacy of immune based therapies. Citation Format: Prashant Trikha, Bethany Mundy-Bosse, Ian Landi, Elizabeth McMichael, Amanda Harper, Megan Duggan, Nancy Stasik, Kari Kendra, Thomas Olencki, William Carson. MDSC-generated nitric oxide leads to an impairment of NK cell functions in metastatic melanoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3656. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3656
WHO Tackles Flu
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4162: Circulating C-reactive protein and lung cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the Southern Community Cohort Study
Authors: Jie Wu, Wei Zheng, Wanqing Wen, Margaret K. Hargreaves, William J. Blot, Qiuyin Cai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and many other countries. Cumulative evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play an etiologic role in lung carcinogenesis. C-reactive protein (CRP), a circulating biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been associated with increased lung cancer risk in several retrospective and a few prospective studies. However, prior studies included only a small number of African Americans with lung cancer, a group with higher lung cancer incidence rates than other ethnic or racial groups. We conducted a nested case-control study to evaluate the association of pre-diagnostic circulating levels of CRP with subsequent risk of lung cancer using data and biological samples collected in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a prospective cohort study, in which approximately 86,000 men and women aged 40-79 years, two-thirds of whom are African American, were recruited from 2002 to 2009. Plasma CRP levels in 396 incident lung cancer cases (258 African Americans and 130 Whites) were compared with 784 matched controls. Overall, baseline plasma CRP levels were 29.4% higher among participants who subsequently developed lung cancer than among those who remained free of the disease (geometric mean: 4.4 µg/ml vs. 3.4 µg/ml; P = 0.0015). This difference was seen primarily among African Americans (geometric mean: 4.1 µg/ml vs. 3.0 µg/ml; P=0.0026) and not among Whites (geometric mean: 5.0 µg/ml vs. 4.5 µg/ml; P=0.3613). In both African Americans and Whites, elevated risk of lung cancer was associated with high circulating levels of CRP. However, the association was only statistically significant among African Americans; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for developing lung cancer increased from 1.0 to 1.46 (95%CI: 0.89-2.40); 1.52 (95%CI: 0.88-2.61), and 2.95 (95%CI: 1.77-4.93) with increasing quartiles of plasma CRP (P-trend = 0.0018). The findings from this study suggest that circulating CRP level is positively associated with prospective lung cancer risk among African Americans. Citation Format: Jie Wu, Wei Zheng, Wanqing Wen, Margaret K. Hargreaves, William J. Blot, Qiuyin Cai. Circulating C-reactive protein and lung cancer risk: A nested case-control study in the Southern Community Cohort Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4162
TiO2 nanoparticles tested in a nove screeing whole-blood model of toxicity trigger adverse activation of the kallikrein/kininogen system at low concentrations
Authors: Barbro Ekstrand-Hammarström, Jaan Hong, Padideh Davoodpour, Kerstin Sandholm, Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl, Anders Bucht, Bo Nilsson
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Beta-lactam Monotherapy Noninferior for Treating Pneumonia
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consequences of Unremitting Middle-Ear Disease in Early Life
Authors: Thomas W. Hubbard, Jack L. Paradise, Betty Jane McWilliams, Barbara A. Elster, Floyd H. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

To learn whether chronic otitis media with effusion during early life has lasting otologic, audiologic, or developmental consequences, we evaluated 24 closely matched pairs of children with repaired palatal clefts whose treatment had been equivalent except with regard to persistent otitis media during early life. One group had undergone early (mean age, 3.0 months) myringotomy with placement of tympanostomy tubes, followed by assiduous monitoring and an aggressive treatment program to maintain ventilation in the middle ear. The other group had undergone initial myringotomy later (mean age, 30.8 months) or not at all (two subjects) and presumably had had continuous middle-ear effusion throughout most or all of the first few years of life. Eardrum scarring was equal in both groups. Hearing acuity and consonant articulation were impaired in both groups, but hearing acuity was less impaired (P = 0.05 to 0.10) and consonant articulation significantly less impaired (P = 0.03) in the group undergoing early myringotomy. Mean verbal, performance, and full-scale IQs and scores on psychosocial indexes were normal in both groups and did not differ significantly between the groups. These findings support the hypothesis that early, long-standing otitis media may result in impairment of hearing and of speech, but they do not support the hypothesis that cognitive, language, and psychosocial development are adversely affected. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1529–34.)
Abstract 367: Tumorigenesis: an investigation by network evolution and perturbations of somatic mutations in cancer interactome
Authors: Feixiong Cheng, Peilin Jia, Quan Wang, Chen-Ching Lin, Zhongming Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cells govern biological actions through highly complex biological networks. Perturbations to the complex molecular network due to driver mutations may transit cells to new phenotypic states, e.g., tumorigenesis. Identifying how genetic lesions such as somatic mutations perturb these networks is a fundamental challenge in cancer biology. The recent TCGA studies revealed that a typical tumor contains two to as many as eight of driver mutations while the numerous remaining somatic mutations are passenger mutations. So far, it remains largely unknown what evolutionary forces and how the genetic lesions disrupt cancer interactome that leads to tumorigenesis. In this study, we systematically investigated the relationship among the network topology, evolutionary rates, and evolutionary origins of somatic and germline mutation driven disease genes in the large context of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks by utilizing recently released extensive somatic mutations and gene annotation data. We aimed to address two fundamental questions. (1) Whether cancer genes display a distinct network topology from Mendelian disease genes, and why? (2) From a network biology perspective, how the transition occurs from a normal cell to a tumor cell as initiated by a few driver genetic mutations? We collected the largest ever cancer gene list and five comprehensive networks. We found evolutionary origin is the main determinant of the unique network centrality of cancer proteins. We further investigated the perturbations of network topology by somatic mutations that were identified from 3268 tumors across 12 cancer types in TCGA. We revealed that the network-attacking perturbation of somatic mutations on central hubs of cancer interactome is a main feature of tumor emergence and evolution. This finding elucidates the high efficiency of the transition during tumorigenesis as initiated by a few driver mutations. This work improves our understanding of dynamic network-attacking perturbation by somatic mutations during tumorigenesis, and, in turn, of the implications for both basic cancer biology and the development of personalized antitumor therapy. Citation Format: Feixiong Cheng, Peilin Jia, Quan Wang, Chen-Ching Lin, Zhongming Zhao. Tumorigenesis: an investigation by network evolution and perturbations of somatic mutations in cancer interactome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 367. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-367
Bronchioloalveolar lung CTCs retain cytomorphologic features of primary tumor type
Authors: D. Marrinucci, K. Bethel, J. M. Fisher, D. Lazar, P. Kuhn, J. Nieva
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

19118 Background: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection and enumeration could provide a valuable tool for identifying patients at a lower risk of recurrence, determining prognosis, and aiding clinicians with individualized treatment strategies. Detailed morphologic review of CTCs and comparison with cells from the primary tumor are conducted on a case of progressive bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Methods: 10cc of blood was drawn from a non-smoking 47 year old female initially diagnosed with stage IIIB NSCL cancer in 2003. She was initially treated with concurrent chemoradiation followed by consolidative Taxotere, but recurred locally in Jan 2005. She subsequently received multiple agents secondary to progression. In an Oct 07 sample, 67 CTCs were identified by means of an immunoflorescence staining protocol and fiber-optic array scanning technology. CTC verification involved cytokeratin and DAPI positivity and CD45 negativity as criteria. Fluorescent images were taken before a Wright-Giemsa stain was applied to visualize cytologic details of each CTC. Results: This patient’s CTCs are larger than surrounding WBCs, with low-to-moderate nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios and a generous cytoplasmic domain. The cells often appear as doublets and clusters. In comparison to the cells of the patient’s original lung biopsy by FNA, which revealed a well-differentiated bronchoalveolar type carcinoma, the CTCs retain the morphologic features of very large size in comparison to WBCs and low N/C ratio generated by a voluminous cytoplasmic domain. Conclusions: The striking cytomorphologic difference between the CTCs in this patient with a progressive but well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, versus previously studied patients with less well-differentiated tumors of breast and colon, suggests that cytomorphologic features of tumors are retained when cells enter the bloodstream. The comparison images demonstrate the differences between CTCs of a breast cancer (cuboidal cells in tissue, round high N/C ratio cells in circulation), a colon cancer (columnar cells in tissue, elongated cells with eccentric cytoplasm in circulation), and this well-differentiated lung cancer (moderate to low N/C ratio cells in tissue, moderate to low N/C ratios in circulation). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 86: Existing Research Is Inadequate for the Development of Guidelines for the Basic Life Support Management of Airway Obstruction in Adults: Results of a Systematic Review
Authors: Richard Bradley
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: There has been considerable controversy and several changes in guidelines for the basic life support (BLS) management of choking since the introduction of the Heimlich procedure in 1974. Hypothesis: The objective of this project was to conduct a structured literature review to answer the question, “For adults, either conscious or unconscious, with obstructed airway, does any specific resuscitation techniques compared to currently recommended techniques, lead to different outcomes?” Methods: We searched MEDLINE using a complex search criterion. We performed further searches on the basis of articles cited in references and by using the ‘Cited by’ function in Google Scholar. We included articles if they addressed a therapy for choking in adults. We excluded articles if they addressed only pediatric patients, if there was no comparison group, or if the skills involved were beyond BLS. We collected data using a standardized study selection and data extraction form. This included specific criteria to grade the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of each paper. Results: We identified 475 records after duplicates were removed; we screened all of these and excluded 454. This left 22 full-text articles which we assessed for eligibility; we excluded 19 of these, leaving 3 studies that we included in qualitative synthesis. Of these, data from one fair quality LOE 3b study suggests that peak airway pressures developed by chest compressions are significantly higher than the pressure from abdominal thrusts. Data from one poor quality LOE 4 study suggests that for conscious adults with an obstructed airway, abdominal thrusts generate higher peak airway pressures when delivered when the victim is supine as compared to seated and that back blows do not generate any significant change in airway pressure. We could not identify any other papers that compared BLS techniques for managing obstructed airways in adults. Clearly, there is a dearth of evidence to support basic life support treatment guidelines for this important problem. Conclusions: In conclusion, rescuers attempting to resolve a complete airway obstruction in a conscious or unconscious adult should provide abdominal thrusts or chest compressions.