tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers Make the Case for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Authors: M J Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3314: Visualization of the Left Atrial Appendage in 3-Dimensions: Complex Anatomy and Structure in Multidetector CTA as an aid to Percutaneous Obliteration Strategies
Authors: Hidehiko Hara, John R Lesser, David R Holmes, Steve Erickson, Robert A Van Tassel, Robert S Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Backgrounds: The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a structure with unique anatomic and functional features. Unfortunately it is the source of ≥ 90% of all cardiac emboli. Recently, percutaneous LAA obliteration was developed to limit cardioembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. The feasibility of this treatment is under study to eliminate anticoagulation and simultaneously eliminate cardioembolic events. We examined the LAA from the standpoint of its structure, function compared with the RAA, as well as analyzing its complexity with Multidetector CT (MDCT). Methods and Results: 64-slice MDCT was used to visualize the LAA and RAA in 25 patients. All patients were scanned and a 3D volume rendered technique. Visual comparison between LAA and RAA was performed and LAA orifice diameter, circumference, total and usable length were measured in 2D and 3D. MDCT images revealed complicated LAA structure including small septation, features often not completely appreciated by 2D images (Figure ). 3D images demonstrated 32% single and 28% multiple septae in LAA. There was an excellent correlation of minimum orifice diameter (95%CI 0.46 – 0.94, p&lt;.0001), circumference (CI 0.25– 0.77, p=.0005), and total depth (CI 0.22–1.21, p=.0064) between 2 groups. No relationship was found between maximum diameter and usable LAA length in the 2 groups. Conclusions: LAA imaging in 3D by MDCT is an excellent method to visualize complex anatomy and morphology. The usable LAA length for device implant bears no relation to 2D and 3D analysis, an important consideration for obliteration technologies.
Does treatment for paediatric status asthmaticus before PICU admission differ between district general hospital and a regional centre in the Northwest of England? A thirteen-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Christopher Grime, David Ho, Laura Wright, Jon Couriel, Sarah Mayell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction

It has been suggested that children receive less drug treatment prior to intubation and ventilation in district hospitals than in tertiary hospitals with the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) on site (Carroll et al. Ped Crit Care Med 2007;8(2):91).

The PICU at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital serves as a regional unit for the north west of England and North Wales in addition to providing secondary care to the local population.

Aims and Objectives

To assess the premorbid state of children admitted to the PICU at Alder Hey and compare pre-admission treatment received by children transferred from district hospitals to those admitted from within the hospital.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of all children with admission coded as asthma, admitted to Alder Hey PICU between 1998 and 2011.

Results

83 children met the inclusion criteria. 61 case notes were available. 43 patients required intubation; 30 from district generals and 13 from Alder Hey. Premorbid states and maintenance therapy were comparable between district hospital admissions and within Alder Hey.

Children from the district hospitals received more intravenous therapies prior to transfer or intubation and ventilation; Magnesium sulphate 38.2% vs. 11.1% and Intravenous salbutamol 38.2% vs. 7.4%. They also required shorter periods of intubation; mean 37.1 hours vs. 43.4 hours.

Conclusion

Children with status asthmaticus at a district hospital with no PICU on site received more drug treatment prior to intubation and were ventilated for less time.
Who's Afraid of Human Cloning?, by Gregory E Pence
Authors: U. Schuklenk
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Gregory E Pence Rowman & Littlefield, £9.95, pp 174 ISBN 0 8476 8782 1

The debate over human cloning (specifically, nuclear somatic transfer) has been dominated by the doom merchants who usually gather round the sites of major scientific breakthroughs. By making an ethical case against laws banning nuclear somatic transfers, Pence swims against the tide.

His first swipe is at the religious right and the US National Bioethical Advisory Commission. He finds that the opponents of in vitro fertilisation are out in force again—this time against nuclear somatic transfers. As their earlier predictions turned out to be so wrong, he wonders why they have been invited back by the commission to deliberate over human cloning research.

Pence goes on to discard major misconceptions that commonly arise when human cloning is debated. Ian Wilmut (of Dolly fame) came out against …
Abstract 20964: Lower Rate of Major Bleeding Complications With Radial Arterial Access for Elective PCI in Clinical Practice in Europe: Results of the Euro Heart Survey PCI-Registry
Authors: Anselm K Gitt, Timm Bauer, Uwe Zeymer, Matthias Hochadel, Ralf Zahn, Christian Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Over the past years the rate of radial arterial access for elective PCI has increased across Europe. However, little is known about differences in bleeding complications between radial and femoral arterial access in clinical practice.   Methods:  Between 2005 and 2008, 47,407 consecutive patients undergoing PCI were enrolled into the PCI-Registry of the Euro Heart Survey Programme to document patient characteristics, PCI details and hospital complications in different PCI indications. We examined the impact of the radial versus femoral arterial access on major bleeding complications in elective PCI.   Results:  A total of 22,917 patients underwent elective PCI, in 4,342 (18.5%) radial and in 18,674 (81.5%) patients femoral arterial access was chosen. Patients with radial access less often had already undergone prior CABG. During the intervention, in patients with radial arterial access low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockers were administered significantly more often. Overall, major bleeding complications were rare in both groups. In the radial access group less major bleeding complications were observed as compared to the femoral access. After correction for differences in the baseline characteristics and in antithrombotic treatment, the radial access for elective PCI was associated with a significant reduction in the risk for major bleeding complications as compared to the femoral access in clinical practice (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.85). No difference was found in death / MI / stroke (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.20-1.25).
GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene in prostate cancer
Authors: James M. Rae, Kevin E. Cordero, Joshua O. Scheys, Jose M. Larios, Michael D. Johnson, Marc E. Lippman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

6126   Androgenic hormones play a central role in prostate cancer development and progression. They mediate their physiological effects by binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear transcription factor that induces the expression of genes responsible for prostate cancer growth. Identifying the genes critically involved in hormone stimulated cancer growth could lead to new potential targets and more effective therapies. We have recently demonstrated that GREB1 is an estrogen responsive gene that plays a pivotal role in estrogen stimulated breast cancer growth. Analysis of the putative GREB1 gene promoter identified multiple putative response elements for several hormones including estrogen, glucocorticoid, and androgen. The later led us to hypothesize that GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene involved in hormone dependant prostate cancer growth. Using real-time PCR we characterized the expression of GREB1 in response to androgen treatment in the hormone dependant prostate cancer cell line LNCap. Exogenous hormones were removed from the culture medium before exposing the cells for 24 hours to either the AR agonist R1881, or the estrogen receptor (ER) agonist 17 β-estradiol (E2), alone or in combination with receptor antagonists. GREB1 mRNA was induced by R1881 in a dose dependant manner to a maximum of 5-fold over control at 10-8 M. The AR antagonist casodex was able to block this induction. Similar results were seen with testosterone (TS) treatment. High dose E2 also induced GREB1 in the LNCap cells and this induction was blocked by either casodex or the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. These results are consistent with the fact that LNCaps express a mutated form of AR capable of binding estrogens at high concentrations. Changes in GREB1 expression levels were correlated with changes in cellular proliferation and cell cycle distribution. GREB1 androgen responsivity was confirmed using the ER - / AR + breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453. Cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and showed 3 fold induction of GREB1 at 10-8 M. Androgen treatment (R1881, TS or DHT) of the ER + / AR - negative breast cancer cell lines BT-474 and T47D did not result in GREB1 induction in spite of robust induction by E2. In contrast, TS did induced expression of GREB1 in the ER + / AR - cell line MCF-7, however, this induction was completely abrogated by the addition of letrozole suggesting the induction was due to aromatization of TS to estrogen in these cells. Our results show that GREB1 is a novel androgen regulated gene and we speculate that it may play a role in androgen induced prostate cancer growth, given its pivotal role in estrogen stimulated proliferation. Studies are currently underway to investigate this possibility using siRNA mediated knock down of GREB1 expression in androgen responsive cells.
Abstract 94: The role of <i>Pik3ca</i> in uterine gland morphogenesis and fertility in mice
Authors: Heesung Shin, Tae Hoon Kim, Jung-Yoon Yoo, Jean J. Zhao, John P. Lydon, Un-Hwan Ha, Jae-Wook Jeong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pik3ca mutations are frequently observed in endometrial carcinomas. Inappropriate activation of PI3Kα-mediated signaling results in increased AKT-dependent or AKT-independent signaling. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of equilibrium between cell survival and apoptosis. In order to investigate the role of Pik3ca in uterine function and tumorigenesis, we generated a mouse model in which Pik3ca gene expression is ablated specifically in the PR-expressing cells (PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f). Ablation of Pik3ca was confirmed by real time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis of the uteri. PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice were subfertile due to defective uterine development. PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice showed significantly decreased uterine weight compared Pik3caf/f mice at 2 months of age. Interestingly, PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice exhibited a defect of endometrial gland development. Number of glandular epithelia were significantly decreased in PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice compared to control Pik3caf/f mice. The expression of Foxa2, a specific glandular epithelial marker, was significantly decreased in PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice and apoptosis was significantly increased in the luminal epithelium of PRcre/+ Pik3caf/f mice. These results indicate that Pik3ca plays a role in female fertility and uterine development. (This work was supported by NIH U54 HD007495 to J.P.L, Basic Science Research Program (2010-0009047) funded by the MEST, Korea to U-H.H., and NIH R01 HD057873 and American Cancer Society Research Grant RSG-12-084-01-TBG to J.W.J.) Citation Format: Heesung Shin, Tae Hoon Kim, Jung-Yoon Yoo, Jean J. Zhao, John P. Lydon, Un-Hwan Ha, Jae-Wook Jeong. The role of Pik3ca in uterine gland morphogenesis and fertility in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 94. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-94
Δ1-Testololactone: Clinical Trials
Authors: Albert Segaloff
Journal: Cancer Research (1982)

Δ1-Testololactone (testolactone, 1-dehydrotestololactone, Teslac, 17 a-oxa-d-homo-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione) was tested in advanced human breast cancer despite its lack of activity against animal tumor systems. This was done because D-ring lactones were thought to be obligatory intermediates of steroid metabolism. The clinical trials showed substantial activity against breast cancer with the optimal p.o. dose of 1 g/day.
UN Calls for Global AIDS Effort
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5402: Two Photon Microscopy Measurements Of Sub-epicardial Sarcomere Length In Perfused Rat Hearts
Authors: Patrizia Camelliti, Gil Bub, Daniel J Stuckey, Christian Bollensdorff, Damian J Tyler, Michiel Helmes, Kieran Clarke, Peter Kohl
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Sarcomere length (SL) is a fundamental parameter underlying the Frank Starling relation in the heart, as it offers an absolute representation of myocardial stretch. Previous studies addressed the Frank Starling relation by measuring SL in isolated myocytes or muscle strips. Here, we report first data obtained using a novel technique to measure sub-epicardial SL in perfused hearts. Rat hearts were Langendorff perfused (normal Tyrode solution) at a constant pressure of 90mmHg, labeled with the fluorescent membrane marker di-4-ANEPPS, and then arrested with high-K + Tyrode for either 2-photon microscopy (n=4) or MRI (n=4). Image analysis software was developed to extract SL at the cell level from &gt;1,400 2-photon images (Fig 1 ) and correct for cell angle. SL increased by 10±2 % between 30 and 80 min of perfusion (1.98±0.04 to 2.17±0.03 μm; p&lt;0.05; Fig 1 ). Measurements of left ventricular myocardial volume (LVMV) were made in vivo and in perfused hearts using 3D MRI. LVMV increased by 24±7% from in vivo to 30 min of perfusion, and by 11±3 % between 30 and 90 min (539±35; 664±44; 737±49 mm 3 , respectively; p&lt;0.05; Fig 1 ). We show that SL can be measured in isolated perfused hearts. The method allowed monitoring of changes in SL over time, and showed that SL and LVMV increase to a similar extent during 30–80 min perfusion with crystalloid solution, probably due to tissue oedema. This result, together with the increase in LVMV during the first 30 min, highlights the pronounced differences between in vivo , in situ , and in vitro model systems for studies of cardiac physiology and mechanics. Future research will compare changes in SL in healthy hearts and disease models involving contractile dysfunction. Figure 1: Left: 2-photon microscopy image of di-4-ANEPPS labeled myocardium. Right: SL and LVMV changes over time.
Should breast reduction surgery be rationed?
Authors: J. S Vaidya, N. Sacks
Journal: BMJ (1996)

young and older children.During 1990-6 sensi- tisation (¢3+, wheal diameter approximately 3 mm) to peanut was found in 1601 infants and children, and sensitisation to a tree nut (almond, brazil, cashew, hazelnut, or walnut) in 590; 491 were sensitised to both (fig 1).This represents a combined prevalence of sensitisation of at least 0.2%.Sensitisation occurred early: 920 children aged under 24 months were sensitised to peanut and 270 to a tree nut.100-80-g0601 et 40 e go 3+ 20-11112 -1+ =0 0 ~~\ ~~F ig 1-Maximum recorded sensitisation score for each child tested, (n = 4078). Sensitsation to nut extracts (Hollister-Stier, USA) was scored by com- paring diameter of skin wheal in reaction to extract with that of wheal in reaction to histamine 1 mg/ml (on average 3 mm): 1+ if less than half diameter of hista- mine wheal, 2+ if equal to half diameter, 3+ if equal to diameter, 4+ if equal to twice diameter, and 5+ if greater than twice diameter
Childhood cruelty to animals and later aggression against people: a review
Authors: Alan R. Felthous, Stephen R. Kellert
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The existing literature on the relationship between childhood cruelty to animals and later violence against people appears to be inconsistent. The authors review the controlled studies that did not support this relationship and those that did and identify several methodological factors that may have contributed to the contradictory findings. Studies using direct interviews to examine subjects with multiple acts of violence point to an association between a pattern of childhood animal cruelty and later serious, recurrent aggression against people. Identification of such a relationship could improve understanding of impulsive violence and facilitate early intervention and prevention.
Israel acts on drug imports to cut healthcare bills
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Israel is to open up its drugs industry to free market competition in order to drive down medical costs. Despite massive opposition by US pharmaceutical companies and government officials—including Secretary of State Madeleine Albright—Israel has agreed to allow the import of many prescription only and over the counter drugs from September. Experts in Israel's health ministry and the country's largest public health insurer, Clalit Health Services (CHS), predict that the opening of drug imports to competition will save the public health insurers and hospitals tens of millions of dollars a year.

Until now, Israel has been one of the few places in the world to honour exclusivity contracts between drug …
Abstract 20455: Comparing the Efficacy of Contractile and Pre-Contractile Cardiomyocytes in Restoring the Function of the Injured Myocardium
Authors: Rahul Thakker, Atsushi Tachibana, Yuka Matsuura, Mouer Wang, Eric Rulifson, Phillip Yang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Cell therapy has shown to promote the repair of injured cardiac muscle post-myocardial infarction (MI). However, transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hCMs) has not demonstrated consistent functional restoration of the injured myocardium. This may be explained by their reduced plasticity and engraftment potential due to their developmentally differentiated state.

HYPOTHESIS: Pre-contractile hCMs (pre-hCMs) will provide significant and sustained restoration of the injured myocardium compared to the contractile hCMs.

METHODS & RESULTS: H7 hESCs were differentiated through small molecule manipulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in cardiac development. Cells were cultured for 2 days with 6 uM CHIR99021, a Wnt activator, followed by another 2 days with 5 uM IWR-1, a Wnt inhibitor. Spontaneous contractility was typically observed around 10 days after initial exposure. For the purpose of analysis, hCMs were harvested at day 35 and pre-hCMs were harvested at day 8. Flow cytometry revealed that 76.8 ± 16.2% of CMs expressed cardiac troponin T whereas less than 5% of pre-hCMs expressed this same protein (p < 0.05). RT-PCR was also performed to determine the genetic profile of these populations. Relative to the undifferentiated hESCs, both groups displayed significant down-regulation of pluripotency genes, but compared to hCMs, pre-hCMs were found to have higher levels of mesodermal and early cardiac genes and lower levels of late cardiac genes. SCID mice with permanent LAD ligation had hCMs, pre-hCMs, or PBS injected into the peri-infarct zone and underwent MRI to record changes in EF. Baseline EF was 44.1 ± 3.8% but 2 weeks after surgery the pre-hCM mice were up to 47.5 ± 1.1%* while the hCM mice had dropped to 28.9% and the PBS mice had fallen even further to 16.1 ± 8.1%. This trend was maintained at week 4: pre-hCM 45.0%*, hCM 29.9 ± 4.3%, and PBS 6.2%. [* p < 0.05 vs. hCM and PBS]

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the mesodermal/early cardiac developmental state of pre-hCMs compared to hCMs provides sustained and significant improvement in LVEF. While the exact mechanism is not known, the non-contractile cells may enhance their engraftment by the ability to align their orientation with the existing myocardium.