tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extravasations and emigration of neutrophils to the inflammatory site depend on the interaction of immune-complex with Fcγ receptors and can be effectively blocked by decoy Fcγ receptors
Authors: Rangaiah Shashidharamurthy, Randolph A. Hennigar, Sebastien Fuchs, Purani Palaniswami, Melanie Sherman, Periasamy Selvaraj
Journal: Blood (2007)
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer): first reported patients in Togo
Authors: W. M. MEYERS, N. TIGNOKPA, G. B. PRIULI, F. PORTAELS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer) is the third most common mycobacterial infection of immunocompetent humans, and is an emerging disease in West Africa. We describe the first two reported patients with Buruli ulcer in Togo, establishing a geographical continuum of the disease in all countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea. The aetiological agent was identified by molecular biological analysis of biopsy material. We speculate that changing environmental factors related to human habitation may influence rates of incidence of Buruli ulcer.
Complications of Cutaneous Scleroderma
Authors: Peter Clavadetscher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>History</h3> A 61-year-old housewife first noted symptoms of Raynaud phenomenon and cutaneous scleroderma in 1963. Progressive dyspnea with pulmonary fibrosis and rightsided cardiac failure began in 1969. Since 1973, she has had intermittent episodes of cramping abdominal pain with nausea along with dyspnea, cough, and loss of weight. In November 1974, the patient was hospitalized because of progressive abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination demonstrated advanced skin changes of scleroderma, signs of pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac failure. The abdomen was distended but soft and nontender. Bowel sounds were normal. Results of laboratory studies were normal except for findings indicative of moderate malabsorption. Figures 1 through 3 were obtained on this admission. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Scleroderma of the skin, lung, esophagus, and the small bowel, complicated by pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and pneumoperitoneum. <h3>Comment</h3> The chest roentgenogram (Fig 1) shows diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale as well as congestive heart failure. Free air
Cerebral haemorrhagic infarction in young patients with hereditary protein C deficiency: evidence for "spontaneous" cerebral venous thrombosis.
Authors: A R Wintzen, A W Broekmans, R M Bertina, E Briet, P E Briet, A Zecha, G J Vielvoye, G T Bots
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<b>Background:</b> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) rarely affects people under 40. <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether the clinical, pathomorphological and genetic features of PDAC occurring in young patients (⩽40 years) differ from those in elderly patients. <b>Methods:</b> Clinical and pathomorphological data were obtained from seven patients presenting with PDAC, with age ranging from 35 to 40 years of age (mean 38 years). All tumours were characterised by using immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics. <b>Results:</b> All seven patients were women and lacked an association to cancer-predisposing genetic syndromes. Four patients were smokers and one had non-hereditary chronic pancreatitis. Pathomorphologically, tumours in three patients displayed moderate differentiation and four showed poor differentiation including one adenosquamous carcinoma. All tumours showed overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 and loss or significant reduction of Smad4. Accumulation of p53 and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were seen in five and four patients, respectively. No expression of p16, oestrogen hormone receptor or progesterone receptor was found. Mismatch repair gene products (MutL homologue 1 (MLH1), MSH2 and MSH6) were expressed in all tumours. Mutational analyses showed K-<i>ras</i> mutations in only three of the seven tumours. <b>Conclusion:</b> A large clinical, pathomorphological and genetic overlap of PDAC in young patients aged under 40 is seen with that in elderly patients. The existence of yet undefined initiating events of pancreatic carcinogenesis is suggested by the low rate of K-<i>ras</i> mutations, in at least a subgroup of young patients.
677 HEPATITIS B VIRUS SPLICING VARIANTS EMERGE AND DOMINATE IN THE IMMUNE CLEARANCE PHASE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: H. Yotsuyanagi, N. Yamada, H. Miyoshi, T. Tsutsumi, H. Fujie, Y. Shintani, K. Moriya, C. Okuse, K. Yasuda, M. Suzuki, F. Itoh, S. Iino, K. Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Needle Biopsy of The Breast
Authors: Martin R. Rush
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was a pleasant surprise to note the report of the work of Dr. Kline and associates (227:15, 1974) on the results of their needle aspirations of breast lesions. Although the New York Memorial Hospital has been doing needle aspirations for 40 years, diagnosis of any occult lesion in the body with the use of the probing-needle technique has not been as popular in the United States as in Sweden. Under the leadership of Franzen, Nasiell, and Zajicek, among others, impressive statistics cover 100,000 cases. The areas aspirated were breast, prostate, thyroid, lung, kidney, salivary glands, lymph nodes, and assorted lumps and bumps. A fine-needle aspirate is obtained with minimal or no trauma. Frequently, the appearance of the smear gives the aspirationist a presumptive diagnosis. Confirmation of the diagnosis is made with May-Giemsa-Grünwald stained slides. This stain enhances background material as well as cellular changes and makes the
HEPARIN AND ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Robert L. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article "Clinical Evaluation of Heparin in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris" by Dr. Binder and associates, inThe Journal, March 21, 1953, page 967, reference is made to one of my papers. A statement appears that requires amendment. These authors say: "Objective demonstration of coronary insufficiency by the anoxemia test or by the two-step exercise electrocardiogram may be helpful in supporting the clinical diagnosis. It has been claimed, however, that false positive and false negative results may occur with each of these tests." It is recognized by the sponsors of the two-step test that in at least 5% of cases false positive results are obtained. On the other hand, it is one of the advantages of the anoxemia test, as has been pointed out repeatedly, that false positive results are not observed. The criteria of a positive result have been clearly defined and have been
Intercurrent clinical events are predictive of plasma C-reactive protein levels in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Anne Van Tellingen, Muriel P.C. Grooteman, Margreet Schoorl, Piet C.M. Bartels, Marianne Schoorl, Tjeerd Van Der Ploeg, Piet M. Ter Wee, Menso J. Nubé
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Pulmonary Hypertension in Severe Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Warren M. Zapol, Michael T. Snider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We repeatedly assessed pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in 30 patients undergoing therapy for severe acute respiratory failure of diverse causes. Pulmonary-artery hypertension and elevated pulmonar vascular resistance were observed in all patients after correction of systemic hypoxemia. Increasing pulmonary blood flow by isoproterenol infusion or decreasing pulmonary blood flow by partial bypass of the right side of the heart minimally altered pulmonary-artery pressure. Although neither elevated pulmonary vascular resistance nor low cardiac index reliably predicted death, survivors had preogressive decreases of pulmonary vascular resistance with time, whereas nonsurvivors tended to maintain or increase pulmonary vascular resistance. Right ventricular stroke-work index was markedly elevated in all patients. The work load imposed upon the right ventricle by elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance may be a factor limiting survival in severe acute respiratory failure.
Hyperkalemia and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Robert Joseph Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 November 1996Hyperkalemia and Trimethoprim-SulfamethoxazoleRobert Joseph Thomas, MDRobert Joseph Thomas, MDAlvin C. York Veterans Affairs Medical Center Murfreesboro, TN 37129.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent study by Alappan and colleagues [1] associates the use of standard-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with hyperkalemia. Serum potassium levels greater than 5.5 mmol/L would, at minimum, require close monitoring, if not treatment, and their occurrence in 17 of 105 patients is of concern. I recently described a case of severe hyperkalemia (potassium level, 7.0 to 7.4 mmol/L) and renal failure (creatinine level, 292 µmol/L) that developed in a 74-year-old man when trimethoprim, used to treat pyelonephritis, was added to a stable regimen of quinapril for hypertension [2]. The biochemical abnormalities resolved over 36 hours after discontinuation of ...References1. Alappan R, Perazella MA, Buller GK. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:316-20. Google Scholar2. Thomas RJ. Severe hyperkalemia with trimethoprim-quinapril. Ann Pharmacother. [In press]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Alvin C. York Veterans Affairs Medical Center Murfreesboro, TN 37129. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 9Page: 778-779KeywordsAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorCreatinineDrug regulationDrugsEnzymesHypertensionPotassiumPyelonephritisRenal failure Issue Published: 1 November 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Stress fracture of the first rib.
Authors: M Rademaker, A D Redmond, P V Barber
Journal: Thorax (1983)

<h3>Background</h3> Smoking is one of the risk behaviours that begin in adolescence, and therefore identifying predictors of smoking is necessary for planning prevention programmes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the ability of the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict the intention to smoke. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Iran, 2011. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire which included items on demographics, smoking behaviour, components of the TPB model (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control and intention) and an added construct on smoking self-identity. Data were analysed using descriptive, correlation and linear regression statistics. <h3>Results</h3> 365 male high school students with a mean age of 16.5 (SD=1.2) years were studied. Fifty-five (15.1%) of the students surveyed were current smokers. All components of the TPB model and smoking self identity were statistically significantly related to intention to smoke (p&lt;0.001). The TPB constructs with and without smoking self-identity accounted for 58.5% (adjusted R<sup>2</sup>) and 54.8% of the variance observed for intention to smoke, respectively. Result also revealed the highest weights for perceived behaviour control (β=−0.35). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The extended model of the TPB predicted ‘intention to smoke’ better than the original TPB. The findings of this study might be used as a framework in designing heart disease prevention programmes. Thus the findings have implications for both health promotion specialists and cardiologists. They could place an emphasis on perceived behaviour control, specifying that individuals who do not smoke should not start and if they are smokers it is possible to stop smoking.
Ballot on GP contract opens
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Family doctors in Britain have begun voting on the new GP contract, after the BMA managed to secure more concessions from the government.

The ballot opened last Monday and will close on Friday 20 June, with an announcement expected shortly afterwards.

Doctors at last week's meeting of the BMA's General Practitioner Committee agreed to go to the ballot after negotiators won …
Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W135 Disease in Adults
Authors: Robert D. Brandstetter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Five adults had infection caused by<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroup W135. Their ages ranged from 19 to 74 years, and the spectrum of illness included meningitis, pneumonia, and acute peritonitis. Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and were receiving corticosteroids at the time of their infection. One patient died of fulminant meningococcemia. All isolates were sensitive to sulfonamides. The recent increase in the national incidence of<i>N meningitidis</i>serogroup W135 infections emphasizes the need for continuing surveillance and justifies its inclusion in a polyvalent meningococcal vaccine. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2060-2061)
Effect of Clopidogrel Premedication in Off-Pump Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Emmanouil I. Kapetanakis, Diego A. Medlam, Kathleen R. Petro, Elizabeth Haile, Peter C. Hill, Mercedes K.C. Dullum, Ammar S. Bafi, Steven W. Boyce, Paul J. Corso
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Premedication with clopidogrel has reduced thrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures. However, because of the enhanced and irreversible platelet inhibition by clopidogrel, patients requiring surgical revascularization have a higher risk of bleeding complications and transfusion requirements. A principal benefit of surgical coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass is its lower hemorrhagic sequelae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative clopidogrel administration in the incidence of hemostatic reexploration, blood product transfusion rates, morbidity, and mortality in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery using a large patient sample and a risk-adjusted approach.Two hundred eighty-one patients (17.9%) did and 1291 (82.1%) did not receive clopidogrel before their surgery, for a total of 1572 patients undergoing isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery between January 2000 and June 2002. Risk-adjusted logistic regression analyses and a matched pair analyses by propensity scores were used to assess the association between clopidogrel administration and reoperation as a result of bleeding, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusions received, and the need for multiple transfusions. Hemorrhage-related preoperative risk factors identified in the literature and those found significant in a univariate model were used. The clopidogrel group had a higher likelihood of hemostatic reoperations (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47 to 10.47; P<0.01) and an increased need in overall packed red blood cell (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.94 to 3.60; P<0.01), multiple unit (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.48; P=0.02), and platelet (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.77 to 3.66; P<0.01) transfusions. Surgical outcomes and operative mortality (1.4% versus 1.4%; P=1.00) were not statistically different.Clopidogrel administration in the cardiology suite increases the risk for hemostatic reoperation and the requirements for blood product transfusions during and after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Westminster Hospital. ON THE TREATMENT OF AFFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WITH OXIDE OF ZINC
Authors: W. Marcet
Journal: BMJ (1855)

THE following account of some cases admitted lately at the Westminster Hospital shew the powerful effects of oxide of zinc as a tonic and antispasmodic in diseases where the nervous system appears chiefly affected.I am now en- gaged with an investigation into the physiological proper- ties of this medical agent, especially with the view of determining its action on the constituents of the urine, and hope to obtain some interesting and practical results.CASE I. Henry Jones, aged 35 years, a pork butcher, admitted as an out-patient on the 26th of May.Usually
What can be concluded from the Oxcheck and British family heart studies: commentary on cost effectiveness analyses
Authors: D. Wonderling, S. Langham, M. Buxton, C. Normand, C. McDermott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To provide a commentary on the economic evaluations of the Oxcheck and British family heart studies: direct comparison of their relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness; comparisons with other interventions; and consideration of problems encountered.Modelling from cost and effectiveness data to estimate of cost per life year gained.Middle aged men and women.Screening for cardiovascular risk factors followed by appropriate lifestyle advice and drug intervention in general practice, and other primary coronary risk management strategies.Life years gained; cost per life year gained.Depending on the assumed duration of risk reduction, the programme cost per discounted life year gained ranged from 34,800 pounds for a 1 year duration to 1500 pounds for 20 years for the British family heart study and from 29,300 pounds to 900 pounds for Oxcheck. These figures exclude broader net clinical and cost effects and longer term clinical and cost effects other than coronary mortality.Despite differences in underlying methods, the estimates in the two economic analyses of the studies can be directly compared. Neither study was large enough to provide precise estimates of the overall net cost. Modelling to cost per life year gained provides more readily interpretable measures. These estimates emphasise the importance of the relatively weak evidence on duration effect. Only if the effect lasts at least five years is the Oxcheck programme likely to be cost effective. The effect must last for about 10 years to justify the extra cost associated with the British family heart study.
Abstract A3: Collagen hydroxylases are essential for breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Daniele M. Gilkes, Pallavi Chaturvedi, Carmen Wong, Saumendra Bajpai, Hong Wei, Maimon Hubbi, Denis Wirtz, Gregg Semenza
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients who have breast cancer. Understanding the role of the extracellular matrix in the metastatic process may lead to the development of improved therapies to treat cancer patients. Intratumoral hypoxia, found in the majority of breast cancers, is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and mortality. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activates the transcription of genes encoding collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are critical for collagen deposition by breast cancer cells. We identify that expression of collagen prolyl hydroxylases promotes cancer cell alignment along collagen fibers resulting in enhanced cancer cell invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. We establish the prognostic significance of collagen hydroxylase expression in human breast cancer biopsies and evaluate the novel use of ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a hydroxylase inhibitor, which decreases tumor fibrosis and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer. Citation Format: Daniele M. Gilkes, Pallavi Chaturvedi, Carmen Wong, Saumendra Bajpai, Hong Wei, Maimon Hubbi, Denis Wirtz, Gregg Semenza. Collagen hydroxylases are essential for breast cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A3.
Physical Activity, Including Walking, and Cognitive Function in Older Women
Authors: Jennifer Weuve
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Physical activity may help maintain cognitive function in older adults.To examine the relation of long-term regular physical activity, including walking, to cognitive function.Women reported participation in leisure-time physical activities on biennial mailed questionnaires beginning in 1986. We assessed long-term activity by averaging energy expenditures from questionnaires in 1986 through participants' baseline cognitive assessments (1995 to 2001). We used linear regression to estimate adjusted mean differences in baseline cognitive performance and cognitive decline over 2 years, across levels of physical activity and walking.Nurses' Health Study, including 18 766 US women aged 70 to 81 years.Validated telephone assessments of cognition administered twice approximately 2 years apart (1995 to 2001 and 1997 to 2003), including tests of general cognition, verbal memory, category fluency, and attention.Higher levels of activity were associated with better cognitive performance. On a global score combining results of all 6 tests, women in the second through fifth quintiles of energy expenditure scored an average of 0.06, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.10 standard units higher than women in the lowest quintile (P for trend <.001). Compared with women in the lowest physical activity quintile, we found a 20% lower risk of cognitive impairment for women in the highest quintile of activity. Among women performing the equivalent of walking at an easy pace for at least 1.5 h/wk, mean global scores were 0.06 to 0.07 units higher compared with walking less than 40 min/wk (P< or =.003). We also observed less cognitive decline among women who were more active, especially those in the 2 highest quintiles of energy expenditure. Women in the fourth and fifth quintiles had mean changes in global scores that were 0.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.10) and 0.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.11) standard units better than those in the lowest quintile.Long-term regular physical activity, including walking, is associated with significantly better cognitive function and less cognitive decline in older women.
Intraclass correlation coefficient
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the association between bone mineral density measurements in twins, with monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non-identical) twins studied separately. The comparison was part of a study that investigated the association between vitamin D receptor genotype and bone mineral density in postmenopausal twins. A cross sectional study design was used, with participants recruited from a national register of twins in Britain. Participants were 87 monozygotic and 95 dizygotic pairs of twins aged 50-69 years, postmenopausal, and free of diseases affecting bone.1

The main outcome measures included lumbar spine bone mineral density as measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. The intraclass correlation coefficient for lumbar spine bone mineral density between monozygotic twins was higher than for dizygotic ones (0.74 v 0.36). It was concluded that in British postmenopausal women’s lumbar spine bone mineral density was genetically linked.

Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

Statements a and c are …
Platelet Preservation
Authors: Phin Cohen, Mark H. Cooley, Frank H. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE usefulness of platelet transfusions seems well established in certain disorders, notably acute leukemia.1 The ultimate place of platelet transfusions in clinical medicine will depend upon their availability, which in turn will further define their usefulness, as data are collected on the frequency with which isoimmunization limits their therapeutic efficacy.2 3 4 For the past ten years EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood has been used extensively in the preparation of platelet concentrates for clinical use. Its chief disadvantage has been the limited storage time of EDTA red blood cells. Its only advantage, the prevention of platelet aggregation (clumping) in platelet concentrates, has been superseded . . .