tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of cardiothoracic ratio and plain film heart volume to late survival.
Authors: K E Hammermeister, P M Chikos, L Fisher, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We assessed the prognostic value of cardiothoracic ratio and plain film heart volume in relation to other clinical, exercise, hemodynamic and quantitative angiographic variables. Both cardiothoracic ratio and plain film heart volume are highly sensitive, but nonspecific, indicators of abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction. Both variables are univariately important predictors of survival in cohorts of medically and surgically treated heart disease patients. Plain film heart volume significantly adds to the multivariate prediction of prognosis obtained from groups of clinical, exercise, hemodynamic and quantitative angiographic variables. These measurements from the routine chest roentgenogram are sensitive detectors of abnormal left ventricular function or volume and important predictors of long-term survival. The fact that they contribute prognostic information in addition to left ventricular volume and ejection fraction suggests that other cardiac chamber volumes are of prognostic importance.
T-cell–mediated autologous hepatocytotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Ching-Song Lee, Sun-Lung Tsai, Bo-Wen Liaw, Tse-Ching Chen, I-Shyan Sheen, Chia-Ming Chu
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been suggested to be responsible for the liver injuries in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, there has been no report of direct evidence to substantiate this hypothesis. In this study, we performed in vitro autologous hepatocytotoxicity assay in 45 patients to examine a possible role of CTLs to HCV-infected live cells. The data were correlated with histology activity index of liver biopsy specimens. Lymphocyte subsets and hepatocyte expression of human major histocompatibility complex antigens class I and class II (HLA-I and HLA-II) were also evaluated. The immunohistochemical study showed more prominent HLA-I expression than HLA-II on hepatocytes (mean score +/- SEM:2.34 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.08; P < .01). The lymphocyte subset analysis showed that CD8+ T cells were dominant in the lobular areas showing spotty necrosis, whereas CD4+ T cells were prominent in the portal and periportal areas (P < .01). Most patients had a significant T cell-mediated cytotoxicity to hepatocytes as compared with non-T cells (percentage cytotoxicity +/- SEM:46.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 13.8 +/- 2.7; P < .001). T cell-mediated hepatocytotoxicity had a linear correlation with HAI (P < .05). The T cell-mediated cytotoxicity could be blocked by anti-CD8 (43.7% vs. 18.5%, P < .05) but not by anti-CD4 or anti-HLA-II monoclonal antibodies. These findings strongly suggest that HLA-I-restricted, CD8+ T cell-mediated hepatocytotoxicity is an important pathogenetic mechanism in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Risk of coronary heart disease in Asian women
Authors: N. A Sattar, A. Gaw
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Rajeev Gupta and colleagues' study of risk factors for coronary heart disease in a rural Asian population highlights the link between educational status and risk.1 Closer scrutiny of the lipid variables in the women studied, however, shows an important finding that the authors do not comment on and that may provide insight into mechanisms responsible for the high incidence of coronary heart disease in Asian women. A high proportion of the women (41%) …
Book: Where's the Evidence? Debates in Modern Medicine
Authors: T. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

William A Silverman Oxford University Press, £39.50, pp 278 ISBN 0192629344 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> At first glance, a collection of short essays originally published under the nom de plume “Malcontent” in an unfamiliar journal— Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology —with the intention of allowing the author the opportunity to vent his spleen whenever he felt the need does not seem promising material for a book intended for general readers. However, preconceptions are soon set aside. This book reminds me of Alastair Cooke's classic radio broadcasts “Letter from America.” Like Cooke, Bill Silverman has the ability to select a topic that you didn't know you were concerned about, capture your interest with an intriguing introduction, and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans occurring in two brothers: Role of environmental or genetic factors?
Authors: Thomas Jouary, Cécile Beltran, Jean-Michel Coindre, Philippe Plagnol, Alain Taieb, Nathalie Ebran, Florence Pédeutour, Michèle Delaunay
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Syngamosis First Reported
Authors: DOUGLAS CARROLL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1971Syngamosis First ReportedDOUGLAS CARROLL, M.D.DOUGLAS CARROLL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-324_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Louis Weinstein's report on syngamosis in the April issue (74:577-580) recalled the first report of this disease in poultry in 1799 (1). It is my understanding that this was the first report of a parasitic disease. If so, it was one of the major contributions of American physicians during the 18th century.The discovery ofsyngamosisin poultry was made by Andrew Wiesenthal (1762-1778), a young Baltimore physician educated in Philadelphia and London. He was one of the first native-born sons, educated in Europe, who returned to America to help change and renovate medical practice. He...References1. WIESENTHAL A: Medical and Physical Journal, London, 2:204, 1799 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rehabilitation Medicine Baltimore City Hospitals Baltimore, Md. 21224 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 324-324KeywordsParasitic diseases Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Granulomas in a Case of Severe Sarcoidosis
Authors: MARK V. HENDRICKS, JOHN H. CROSBY, W. BRUCE DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis is presented in which cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid showed intact granulomas. The patient had severe alveolar inflammation and probable endobronchial sarcoidosis. Thus the granulomas in the BAL fluid probably reflect a high burden of alveolar wall granulomas and/or the removal of granulomas from proximal inflamed airways. This is the first reported case of granulomas in BAL fluid in sarcoidosis. Although an unusual finding, the recovery of BAL granulomas is not diagnostic for sarcoidosis and cannot substitute for the demonstration of granulomatous inflammation in lung tissue.
Measurement of Sinoatrial Conduction Time by Premature Atrial Stimulation in the Rabbit
Authors: HUGH C. MILLER, HAROLD C. STRAUSS
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The premature atrial stimulation technique was investigated as a method of measuring sinoatrial conduction time in the rabbit. Fifteen studies were performed in which intracellular recordings were obtained from a sinus node cell and atrial electrical activity was recorded from the crista terminalis by a surface electrogram. An additional ten studies were performed without microelectrode recordings. Atrial premature depolarizations late in the cardiac cycle produced compensatory atrial return cycles, but earlier premature depolarizations produced less than compensatory return cycles. Compensatory return cycles only occurred with atrial premature depolarizations that failed to capture the sinus node cell. The transition from compensatory to less than compensatory return cycles occurred with late atrial premature depolarizations that failed to capture the sinus node. Therefore, the transition from compensatory to less than compensatory atrial return cycles failed to indicate sinus node capture by an atrial premature depolarization. Although these premature depolarizations were too late to capture the sinus node cell, they still shortened the sinus node and atrial return cycles to make the atrial return cycle less than compensatory. This shortening of the sinus node return cycle was due to a shortening of the sinus node action potential by electrotonic interaction between sinus node and adjacent cells during repolarization. The electrotonic effect resulted in shortening of the sinus node action potential and accounted for the poor correlation ( r = 0.64) between estimated and measured values of sinoatrial conduction time. These data indicate that there are significant limitations to the use of the premature atrial stimulation technique for estimating sinoatrial conduction time.
The relative role of the child-pugh classification and the mayo natural history model in the assessment of survival in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Ray W. Kim, John J. Poterucha, Russell H. Wiesner, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Keith D. Lindor, Jan Petz, Terry M. Therneau, Michael Malinchoc, Rolland E. Dickson
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The Child-Pugh classification is a simple, convenient prognostic measure in patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated the relative role of the Child-Pugh classification and the Mayo model in the assessment of survival in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Of the 173 patients described in the original Mayo PSC natural history model, 147 patients had sufficient information in the medical record to allow computation of the Child-Pugh score. We used our most recent modification of the Mayo model to compute the risk score, based on patient's age, serum levels of bilirubin, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase and history of variceal bleeding. Using the risk score (R), patients were divided into the low- (R < 0), intermediate- (0 </= R < 2), and high-risk (R >/= 2) groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates and proportional hazards analysis were used to evaluate the two prognostic models. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between the Child-Pugh and Mayo risk scores, two-thirds of the patients had a Child-Pugh score of 5 or 6 and a relatively wide range of risk scores (-1.1-4.3). The probability of survival for 7 years in patients in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups was 92%, 74%, and 40% for Child-Pugh class A (n = 96) and 100%, 62%, and 28% for Child-Pugh class B patients (n = 44), respectively. There were only a small number (n = 7) of Child-Pugh class C patients. In our age-adjusted multivariate analysis, each unit increase in the Mayo risk score was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in the risk of death (95% confidence interval: 1.8-3.4, P <.01), whereas Child-Pugh classification had no significant impact on survival (Child-Pugh B vs. A: risk ratio = 1.1 [95% confidence interval: 0.6-2.0]; Child-Pugh C versus A: risk ratio = 0.6 [95% confidence interval: 0. 2-1.8]). In contrast to the Child-Pugh classification, which was developed for advanced liver cirrhosis, the Mayo model provides valid survival information, particularly in patients early in the course of PSC.
The Gallbladder in Polycystic Liver Disease
Authors: John H. Woodring
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Polycystic disease of the liver may clinically mimic diseases of the gallbladder. The presence of extrinsic masses deforming the gallbladder on oral cholecystography or intravenous cholangiography, especially in patients with a previous history of polycystic kidney disease, should suggest the correct diagnosis. Gray-scale ultrasonography can confirm the diagnosis, precluding the need for invasive studies or surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:864-866)
The First Patient to Undergo Coronary Angioplasty — 23-Year Follow-up
Authors: Bernhard Meier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Coronary angiography performed in a 38-year-old man on September 14, 1977, showed a high-grade but discrete stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery just before the first large diagonal branch (Figure 1A).1 The remainder of the coronary arteries and the left ventricle were normal. I told the patient that Dr. Andreas Gruentzig would offer him an alternative to bypass surgery. The alternative was coronary angioplasty. Gruentzig candidly explained the results that had been obtained in a few hundred patients treated with a balloon for peripheral-artery stenoses and mentioned the possibility of an immediate coronary bypass . . .
GMC to introduce “plea bargaining” for less serious misconduct cases
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors facing some types of misconduct allegation by the UK regulatory body, the General Medical Council, will be able to escape full disciplinary hearings by agreeing to have conditions attached to their registration.

“Consensual disposal” will be available for the less serious conduct cases, allowing a doctor to agree, for example, not to practise single handedly, not to perform minor surgery in a GP setting, or to undergo a period of retraining.

Cases relating to problems with a doctor's health or performance can already be resolved by undertakings about future action, but the …
Efficient generation, purification, and expansion of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from nonhuman primate–induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Jennifer L. Gori, Devikha Chandrasekaran, John P. Kowalski, Jennifer E. Adair, Brian C. Beard, Sunita L. D'Souza, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Blood (2012)
AN UNUSUAL PAPULAR ERUPTION ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS.
Authors: STEPHEN C. GOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1954)

Journal Article AN UNUSUAL PAPULAR ERUPTION ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Get access STEPHEN C. GOLD STEPHEN C. GOLD From St. George's Hospital and the Postgraduate Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 66, Issue 12, 1 December 1954, Pages 429–433, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1954.tb12574.x Published: 01 December 1954
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Julie McMorrow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  The latest American Heart Association statement1concerning prevention of bacterial endocarditis has been long awaited. Simplification of prophylactic regimens, increased attention to pharmacokinetic factors, and incorporation of worldwide experience are welcomed.  We have noted an apparent incongruity among erythromycin doses recommended for prophylaxis in patients who are allergic to penicillin. Due to pharmacokinetic differences, 400 mg of erythromycin ethylsuccinate produces similar free serum erythromycin concentrations to 250 mg of erythromycin base, stearate, or estolate.2,3Thus, 800 mg of erythromycin ethylsuccinate is not the therapeutic equivalent of 1 g of erythromycin stearate (as suggested by the American Heart Association guidelines1). It appears that the initial prophylactic dose of erythromycin ethylsuccinate should be 1.6 g, given 2 hours before commencement of the procedure, followed by 800 mg of erythromycin ethylsuccinate 6 hours after the initial dose. Corresponding pediatric erythromycin ethylsuccinate doses would be approximately 30 mg/kg
Vascular Endothelial Adrenomedullin-RAMP2 System Is Essential for Vascular Integrity and Organ Homeostasis
Authors: Teruhide Koyama, Laura Ochoa-Callejero, Takayuki Sakurai, Akiko Kamiyoshi, Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo, Nobuyoshi Iinuma, Takuma Arai, Takahiro Yoshizawa, Yasuhiro Iesato, Yang Lei, Ryuichi Uetake, Ayano Okimura, Akihiro Yamauchi, Megumu Tanaka, Kyoko Igarashi, Yuichi Toriyama, Hisaka Kawate, Ralf H. Adams, Hayato Kawakami, Naoki Mochizuki, Alfredo Martínez, Takayuki Shindo
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Revealing the mechanisms underlying the functional integrity of the vascular system could make available novel therapeutic approaches. We previously showed that knocking out the widely expressed peptide adrenomedullin (AM) or receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2), an AM-receptor accessory protein, causes vascular abnormalities and is embryonically lethal. Our aim was to investigate the function of the vascular AM-RAMP2 system directly.We generated endothelial cell-specific RAMP2 and AM knockout mice (E-RAMP2(-/-) and E-AM(-/-)). Most E-RAMP2(-/-) mice died perinatally. In surviving adults, vasculitis occurred spontaneously. With aging, E-RAMP2(-/-) mice showed severe organ fibrosis with marked oxidative stress and accelerated vascular senescence. Later, liver cirrhosis, cardiac fibrosis, and hydronephrosis developed. We next used a line of drug-inducible E-RAMP2(-/-) mice (DI-E-RAMP2(-/-)) to induce RAMP2 deletion in adults, which enabled us to analyze the initial causes of the aforementioned vascular and organ damage. Early after the induction, pronounced edema with enhanced vascular leakage occurred. In vitro analysis revealed the vascular leakage to be caused by actin disarrangement and detachment of endothelial cells. We found that the AM-RAMP2 system regulates the Rac1-GTP/RhoA-GTP ratio and cortical actin formation and that a defect in this system causes the disruption of actin formation, leading to vascular and organ damage at the chronic stage after the gene deletion.Our findings show that the AM-RAMP2 system is a key determinant of vascular integrity and homeostasis from prenatal stages through adulthood. Furthermore, our models demonstrate how endothelial cells regulate vascular integrity and how their dysregulation leads to organ damage.
Interference of calcium entry blockade in vivo with pressor responses to alpha-adrenergic stimulation: effects of two unrelated blockers on responses to both exogenous and endogenously released norepinephrine.
Authors: R Pedrinelli, R C Tarazi
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To the extent that calcium availability is the final common mediator of vasoconstrictor responses, calcium entry blockade might interfere with physiologic responses to adrenergic stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of calcium entry blockade on pressor responses to norepinephrine in pithed, normal Sprague-Dawley rats in two different ways: (1) by evaluating the effects on pressor responsiveness to exogenous norepinephrine during differential blockade of alpha 1-(prazosin, 0.3 mg/kg) and of alpha 2-receptors (yohimbine, 0.3 mg/kg) and (2) by comparing the effects of calcium entry blockade with those of prazosin and those of rauwolscine (a specific alpha 2-antagonist) on pressor responses to infusions of both endogenously released norepinephrine (electrical stimulation of the pithing rod) and exogenous norepinephrine. In the presence of alpha 1-blockade, both nitrendipine (0.01 mg/kg) and verapamil (0.6 mg/kg) shifted the norepinephrine pressor dose-response curve to the right but were ineffective in alpha 2-blocked animals. Furthermore, nitrendipine (range 0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg) proved to be more effective (p less than .001) against exogenous norepinephrine than against electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, a behavior opposite that of selective alpha 1-blockade (prazosin) and directionally comparable to that of selective alpha 2-antagonism (rauwolscine). These data indicate that calcium entry blockade in vivo preferentially antagonizes the alpha 2-pressor component of exogenous norepinephrine. In addition, both calcium entry blockers were consistently more active (p less than .01) than rauwolscine (0.01 to 1 mg/kg) in antagonizing the pressor response to neural stimulation, suggesting that mechanisms different from "classical" alpha 2-antagonism may also contribute to the overall effect of calcium entry blockade on the adrenergic control of peripheral vascular tone.
Reflex Diuresis during Tachycardia in the Dog
Authors: KENNETH L. GOETZ, GARY C. BOND
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Renal function and systemic hemodynamics were studied during rapid atrial pacing in dogs with complete heart block and in control dogs with normal atrioventricular conduction. Rapid atrial pacing in dogs with complete heart block produced no significant change in urine flow, sodium excretion, or systemic hemodynamics. In contrast, rapid cardiac pacing in control dogs produced progressive increases in urine flow and sodium excretion and a decrease in arterial pulse pressure. Plasma antidiuretic hormone levels were not changed significantly by pacing in either group of dogs; likewise, mean atrial type B (volume) receptor discharge rate was not increased by pacing in either group. Rapid sequential atrioventricular pacing in three dogs with complete heart block did produce an increase in urine flow and sodium excretion, but rapid pacing of the atria alone in the same dogs did not cause a diuresis or a natriuresis. In other experiments on dogs with chronic sinoaortic denervation, rapid cardiac pacing caused no significant changes in urine flow or sodium excretion. Hence, the study provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that diuresis during tachycardia is elicited reflexly from atrial receptors. The data from dogs with sinoaortic denervation did suggest that receptors in the carotid sinus and the aortic arch participate in reflexly eliciting a diuresis during tachycardia.
BRACHIAL ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND COAGULATION FACTORS IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Shepard D. Weiner, Zhezhen Jin, Mary Cushman, Jennifer Clark Nelson, Mohammed F. Saad, Marco R. Di Tullio, Shunichi Homma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Bladder carcinoma. Combined radiotherapy; and surgical treatment
Authors: J. H. DeWeerd
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The goal of long-term survival or cure of the patient with infiltrating bladder cancer continues to be a seemingly insurmountable challenge for the urologist.  The last two decades have witnessed continued efforts not only in the form of earlier 1 and more radical 2 surgical approaches, made possible by well recognized advances in operative technique with associated supportive measures and by improved methods of urinary diversion, but also in the form of improvement in techniques and facilities of radiation therapy, particularly the increasing use of high-energy external teletherapy equipment such as radioactive cobalt, linear accelerators, and betatrons. We look hopefully to the discovery of a biologically specific chemical agent to further augment the therapeutic modalities available to the patient and his physician.  It is impossible and obviously unwise to attempt to make routine the treatment program for patients with infiltrating bladder cancer. The many variaables include the site, extent, and