tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Of Beggars, Princes, and Islands
Authors: Joseph R. Stanton
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Why did the death by starvation of a tiny male infant afflicted with Down's syndrome and a defective esophagus so stir the soul of a nation? Why, too, have extensive national television, print media, and court attention been devoted to the question, "What are the basic human rights today of those born with physical or mental blemish?" Why also has the US Government through the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's Baby Doe rule warned institutions, parents, and/or physicians, who might believe a defective child better dead than treated with available ameliorative and life-saving treatment? No prince or princess the piteous, now dead, baby boy Doe of Bloomington, Ind, and baby girl Doe, still clinging to life in a New York hospital, but beggars yes. They call out to each of us for compassionate concern and consideration of the great issues embodied in their tiny beings. The
Inhibition of farnesyltransferase induces regression of mammary and salivary carcinomas in ras transgenic mice
Authors: Nancy E. Kohl, Charles A. Omer, Michael W. Conner, Neville J. Anthony, Joseph P. Davide, S. Jane Desolms, Elizabeth A. Giuliani, Robert P. Gomez, Samuel L. Graham, Kelly Hamilton, Laurence K. Handt, George D. Hartman, Kenneth S. Koblan, Astrid M. Kral, Patricia J. Miller, Scott D. Mosser, Timothy J. O'Neill, Elaine Rands, Michael D. Schaber, Jackson B. Gibbs, Allen Oliff
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
A vehicle for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer: influence of dimethylsulphoxide on 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro cutaneous permeation and in vivo protoporphyrin IX accumulation determined by confocal microscopy
Authors: Fernanda Scarmato De Rosa, Juliana Maldonado Marchetti, José Antônio Thomazini, Antônio Cláudio Tedesco, Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
Some of the Principal Events in the Clinical History of Asthma
Authors: H. Salter
Journal: BMJ (1859)

keeps the eyelids closedl till the aqueous hurnour no longer escapes from the corneal wvound that is, till the cornea is quite heald.At the erd of the week, wlhen the patient has openedl the eye, Mr. Walton does not raise the lid hiimself, but desires tlhe patient to open the eye natuirally, wviich hie considers far preferable; lhe again closes it, if requisite, wvith court plaster for som-le days.There can be nio doubt of the prudence of this.Mlany an ilnstance of prolapse of the iris, with all the irritation ain(l ulterior consequiernces, has been produced by the use of the eye before there has been proper reunion.Young operators are often sadly puzzled to account for the secondary im-iperfectioni of prolapse of the iris, after they have had such promising, results wlhen the eye was looked at a few days after the oper;ation.TIhis is the solution: the eye is used far too soon, andI by the action of its own muscles, the prolapse is occasioned.The great proof of cicatrisation of the cornea is the fulness of the aniterior clhamber.So long as the iris is pressed for- wvards, and.there is not the niatural accumtulation of aqueous Jluid, the eye slhould be kept closed.A very little attention -will enable the practitionier to decide this point.Wh1eni the iris is wounded in the operation of extraction, prolapse is very apt to occur unider any condition: hence, Mr. W!alton lays it down as a rule, that much pains should be takeni to prevent the acciden-t.IHe considers it far better on every occasion to finish the operation wvitl the secondary knife ratlher than to complete it with the cataract knife, wvlien by so doing the iris is at all injured.The late MIr.Alexander, than whomii there never was a better operator, always made the section of the cornea wvitl twvo lknives.As soon as he had effected the counter-puncture with Wenzel's kniife, he with.drew it, alnd completed the section with the secondary knife.
Enhancement of bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages by human alveolar lining material.
Authors: J A Juers, R M Rogers, J B McCurdy, W W Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

In vivo studies have shown a major role for the alveolar macrophage in the killing of inhaled bacteria. This contrasted with earlier work which showed a preservation of phagocytic properties but a loss of bactericidal capacity when alveolar macrophages were studied in vitro. Recently, alveolar lining material (ALM) from rats has been shown to enhance the in vitro bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages from homologous animals against Staphylococcus aureus. Utilizing a similar system, we have confirmed that rat alveolar macrophages do not kill S. aureus in vitro unless the bacteria have been incubated with rat ALM (R-ALM) before phagocytosis. In addition, human ALM (H-ALM) from 7 of 11 patients assayed showed an enhancement of bactericidal capacity by rat alveolar macrophages which was not significantly different from the results utilizing R-ALM. H-ALM from the other four patients gave results which differed significantly from results with H-ALM from the first seven patients and R-ALM (P less than 0.001). Preliminary results suggest that the factor enhancing the bactericidal capacity of rat alveolar macrophages is present in the lipid fraction of the ALM. Further characterization of the ALM is warranted in an effort to explain the enhancement of the bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages by most, but not all, H-ALM tested.
A Comparison of Ambulatory Test Ordering for Hypertensive Patients in the United States and England
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We compared British and American patterns of ambulatory testing for chronic uncomplicated hypertensive patients by examining test use for 351 American patients cared for by 30 community-based internists in Massachusetts and 511 British patients cared for by 18 general practitioners in Greater London. For each of 13 tests examined, utilization was equal or higher for American patients. Significantly more ECGs, chest roentgenograms, plain roentgenograms (other than chest roentgenograms), blood cell counts, urinalyses, cervical cytological tests, barium enema examinations, and intravenous pyelograms were ordered. Differences ranged from four to 40 times higher in the United States. This investigation documents a marked difference in test use. Further study is needed to determine whether the conservative use of diagnostic services adversely affects patient outcomes or represents a more cost-effective form of care.
Massive Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Due to Cholesterol Pericarditis in a Case of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Authors: Natraj Setty Huliyur Durga Srinivas Setty, Kenchanahalli Siddegowda Sadananda, Manjunath Cholenahalli Nanjappa, Soumya Patra, Harsha Basappa, Santhosh Krishnappa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PAGET'S DISEASE OF THE VULVA
Authors: W. DUBREUILH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1901)

Journal Article PAGET'S DISEASE OF THE VULVA Get access W. DUBREUILH W. DUBREUILH Professor of Dermatology at the University, Bordeaux Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 13, Issue 11, 1 November 1901, Pages 407–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1901.tb16346.x Published: 01 November 1901
AN ANALYSIS OF THE OPSONIC AND TROPIC ACTION OF NORMAL AND IMMUNE SERA BASED ON EXPERIMENTS WITH THE PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Hugh K. Ward, John F. Enders
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. In normal unheated human serum, virulent pneumococci may be prepared for phagocytosis by two separate antibodies, acting in conjunction with complement. One of these is the type-specific anticarbohydrate antibody reacting with the carbohydrate fraction of the pneumococcus. The other is probably also a type-specific antibody, but quite distinct from the former, and therefore must react with a different antigenic constituent of the bacterium. 2. In the normal human serum heated to 56 degrees C., these two antibodies may, after prolonged contact with the organism, promote phagocytosis of the pneumococcus without the adjuvant action of complement. 3. Although these two antibodies are equally effective in the phagocytosis of 24 hour culture organisms by normal blood, the anticarbohydrate antibody tends to become the predominant factor as the pneumococci approach the state in which they exist in the animal body. 4. In so far as we have been able to show, the anticarbohydrate antibody is the only antibody in immune serum which can induce phagocytosis. This substance by itself is active in a phagocytic system, but just as in the normal serum, complement enhances its effect. The failure to demonstrate the presence in the immune serum of an antibody, distinct from the anticarbohydrate antibody, analogous to that found in the normal serum, may be due to the experimental difficulty of removing all the anticarbohydrate antibody from a concentrated immune serum. 5. Thus it is seen that a single well defined antibody (the anticarbohydrate antibody) may be responsible for the phagocytic action of normal unheated serum, normal heated serum, inactivated immune serum, and immune serum activated by complement. These facts appear to us to invalidate Neufeld's division of the phagocytic antibodies into (a) bacteriotropins (antibodies, the phagocytic titre of which is not raised by the addition of complement); (b) opsonic antibodies (antibodies, comparable to the lysins, which are only active in the presence of complement). 6. Complement alone is incapable of inducing phagocytosis of the pneumococcus. In the phagocytic process, it appears simply to increase the speed at which the reaction takes place. Its role may be compared to that of a catalyst in a chemical reaction. 7. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that the term "tropin" be discarded as misleading and unnecessary, and that the term "opsonin" be retained to denote any heat-stable antibody which prepares bacteria for phagocytosis. Contrary to current usage, it would not suggest a combination of antibody with complement.
The Crippled and the Disabled: Rehabilitation of the Physically Handicapped in the United States
Authors: Henry Howard Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dominantly Inherited Constitutional Epigenetic Silencing of MLH1 in a Cancer-Affected Family Is Linked to a Single Nucleotide Variant within the 5′UTR
Authors: Megan P. Hitchins, Robert W. Rapkins, Chau-To Kwok, Sameer Srivastava, Justin J.L. Wong, Levon M. Khachigian, Patsie Polly, Jack Goldblatt, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Respiratory manifestations of rigid spine syndrome.
Authors: G J Ras, M van Staden, C Schultz, J P Stübgen, B P Lotz, C van der Merwe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Thoracic abnormalities and respiratory muscle function were investigated in nine patients with rigid spine syndrome. A severe restrictive chest wall defect and limited mobility of the spine associated with clinically significant respiratory muscle weakness were present in all patients. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance were less than 60% of control values. Slight to moderate scoliosis was present in five patients and absent in four. Scoliosis appeared to have only a minor additional effect on respiratory muscle function. Six patients were emaciated, and one patient was underweight, but no relationship was seen between body mass index and respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory muscle function was more impaired in patients with hypoventilation than in normocapnic patients. Respiratory muscle involvement appears to be a significant feature of rigid spine syndrome, terminating in hypercapnic ventilatory failure in some patients.
The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop
Authors: Roger Chou, Judith A. Turner, Emily B. Devine, Ryan N. Hansen, Sean D. Sullivan, Ian Blazina, Tracy Dana, Christina Bougatsos, Richard A. Deyo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Increases in prescriptions of opioid medications for chronic pain have been accompanied by increases in opioid overdoses, abuse, and other harms and uncertainty about long-term effectiveness.To evaluate evidence on the effectiveness and harms of long-term (>3 months) opioid therapy for chronic pain in adults.MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (January 2008 through August 2014); relevant studies from a prior review; reference lists; and ClinicalTrials.gov.Randomized trials and observational studies that involved adults with chronic pain who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy and that evaluated opioid therapy versus placebo, no opioid, or nonopioid therapy; different opioid dosing strategies; or risk mitigation strategies.Dual extraction and quality assessment.No study of opioid therapy versus no opioid therapy evaluated long-term (>1 year) outcomes related to pain, function, quality of life, opioid abuse, or addiction. Good- and fair-quality observational studies suggest that opioid therapy for chronic pain is associated with increased risk for overdose, opioid abuse, fractures, myocardial infarction, and markers of sexual dysfunction, although there are few studies for each of these outcomes; for some harms, higher doses are associated with increased risk. Evidence on the effectiveness and harms of different opioid dosing and risk mitigation strategies is limited.Non-English-language articles were excluded, meta-analysis could not be done, and publication bias could not be assessed. No placebo-controlled trials met inclusion criteria, evidence was lacking for many comparisons and outcomes, and observational studies were limited in their ability to address potential confounding.Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of long-term opioid therapy for improving chronic pain and function. Evidence supports a dose-dependent risk for serious harms.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Neurons need miRNA to survive
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Neurons missing their microRNA (miRNA) gradually deteriorate in structure and function, according to Schaefer et al. (page 1553). These bits of RNA prolong neuronal longevity and may keep neurodegenerative diseases at bay.






Figure 1

Lack of Dicer causes neurons to degenerate (right).




miRNA—small pieces of RNA generated by the RNA-chopping enzyme called Dicer—strategically shut off genes to allow embryonic cells to differentiate. Because mice that lack Dicer die as embryos, the role of miRNA in vivo has been studied by deleting Dicer only in specific cell types. These studies showed that Dicer—and thus miRNA—is required for both cell differentiation and the survival of some cells. Neurons need miRNA for differentiation, but whether they also need them for survival later was unknown.

Schaefer et al. now find that inactivating Dicer in postmitotic neurons of adult mice eventually kills these cells. The neurons maintained some of their miRNA long after Dicer inactivation and looked and functioned normally. But the reduction in miRNA eventually took its toll. Neuronal signaling malfunctioned, and the cells died off. As cell death progressed, the mice developed symptoms reminiscent of those seen in humans with neurodegenerative disorders. Whether the human disorders are caused by changes in specific miRNA remains to be seen.
Absence of BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, HRAS Mutations, and RET/PTC Gene Rearrangements Distinguishes Dominant Nodules in Hashimoto Thyroiditis from Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Peter M. Sadow, Michael C. Heinrich, Christopher L. Corless, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Vânia Nosé
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2009)
Herniation Pit Mimicking Osseous Metastasis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patient With Lung Cancer
Authors: Su Woong Yoo, Ho-Chun Song, Jong-Ryool Oh, Jahae Kim, Sae-Ryung Kang, Ari Chong, Byung Hyun Byun, Sun-Pyo Hong, Jung-Joon Min, Hee-Seung Bom
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Herniation pits are small subcortical osseous defects located typically at the proximal anterosuperior quadrant of the femoral neck that are most frequently seen in the young, athletic adult population. We report a case with herniation pit showing focal 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT images mimicking osseous metastasis in a 69-year-old patient with lung cancer.
Defective fetal liver erythropoiesis and T lymphopoiesis in mice lacking the phosphatidylserine receptor
Authors: Yuya Kunisaki, Sadahiko Masuko, Mayuko Noda, Ayumi Inayoshi, Terukazu Sanui, Mine Harada, Takehiko Sasazuki, Yoshinori Fukui
Journal: Blood (2004)
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF TWO PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN BRAINS
Authors: C. G. MacARTHUR, E. A. DOISY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1919)

The principal changes in the cerebrum of the case of paresis ("Path. K.") were in the lipins and extractives. The substances (cerebrosides) associated most closely with sheath development showed largest losses. The phosphatids and sulphatids are present in smaller amounts than in normal cerebra. Both organic and inorganic extractives show maked increases in percentage and absolute amounts. This is to be expected in degenerative changes, if it is the more complex structure substances that alter to simpler compounds which are but partly removed from the tissue. The changes in the cerebrum in the case of organic brain disease ("Path. A.") (probably bulbar paralysis) which gave a syphilitic history show essentially the same kind of change as the case above; but all were less marked. This would suggest that the alterations were due to the action of spirochætes. The midbrain, medulla, and pons exhibited about the same kind of chemical changes as the cerebrum. The cerebrosides, sulphatids and phosphatids, and therefore total lipins, showed distinct losses. The proteins, water and total solids were nearly normal; but both organic and inorganic extractives were high. Though the data for the cerebellum show variations, they are not supposed to be of pathological significance.
Subcutaneous phycomycosis in Uganda
Authors: J.W. MUGERWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

This paper reports a further eighty cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis infection in Uganda seen between 1967 and 1974. This brings the number of reported cases from this country to over 140 and indicates an unusual frequency. The infection is more common in certain northern areas but does not appear to be confined to one ecological area. Suggestions are made as to possible factors in the initiation of this unusual infection.
Effect of Atorvastatin on Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events After an Acute Coronary Syndrome Associated With High Soluble CD40 Ligand in the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study
Authors: Scott Kinlay, Gregory G. Schwartz, Anders G. Olsson, Nader Rifai, William J. Sasiela, Michael Szarek, Peter Ganz, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Patients with acute coronary syndromes have elevated plasma levels of the proinflammatory, prothrombotic cytokine CD40 ligand (sCD40L). Statins inhibit CD40L signaling in vitro, but there are no prospective studies of statins and sCD40L in acute coronary syndromes.We measured sCD40L in subjects with an acute coronary syndrome enrolled in the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study. Subjects were randomized in this double-blind trial to atorvastatin 80 mg/d or placebo for 16 weeks. Plasma CD40L was measured from 2908 (94%) of 3086 subjects at baseline and 2352 (76%) at 16 weeks. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs from logistic regression models assessed the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events over 16 weeks (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and worsening angina requiring rehospitalization) in the placebo group from baseline sCD40L and the effect of atorvastatin on the risk associated with CD40L in all subjects. The effects of atorvastatin on plasma concentrations of CD40L were assessed by Wilcoxon tests. There was a threshold effect, with only high sCD40L (>90th centile) being a risk factor for a recurrent cardiovascular event (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.77). This risk was abolished by atorvastatin (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.76), which reduced the risk by 48%. Atorvastatin had only a modest effect on sCD40L (P=0.08).In patients with acute coronary syndromes, atorvastatin abrogated the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events associated with high sCD40L. Early statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes counters the risk associated with elevated sCD40L.
808-3 Reentrant Wavefronts During Wiggers’ Stage II Ventricular Fibrillation in Dogs
Authors: John J. Lee, Dustan Hough, Chun Hwang, Wei Fan, Michael C. Fishbein, Claudio Bonometti, Hrayr S. Karaguezian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Health Security Partnership
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Health Security Partnership attempts to assure (1) that all Americans have insurance coverage for a set of comprehensive health care benefits, (2) that cost-containment issues are addressed in a manner that does not impinge negatively on the quality of care, and (3) that provider freedom to deliver appropriate clinical care is strengthened. It assigns important responsibilities to the federal government (eg, specification of benefits, review of proposed state health care budgets), while permitting states to select, develop, and administer specific program design features they deem appropriate (eg, states could build on and expand the existing health system infrastructure, including private insurance, and/or extend the role of tax-supported programs). It is estimated that in its first year the program would add about 5% to America's health expenditures, but within a few years, cost-containment efforts and administrative efficiencies would reduce overall expenditures below what they otherwise would be.
Oxidative Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Promotes Nitroglycerin Tolerance in Human Blood Vessels
Authors: Ulrich Hink, Andreas Daiber, Nalan Kayhan, Jordis Trischler, Catharina Kraatz, Matthias Oelze, Hanke Mollnau, Philip Wenzel, Christian F. Vahl, Kwok Ki Ho, Henry Weiner, Thomas Munzel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)