tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: The Interleukin‐23/Interleukin‐17 Axis in Spondyloarthritis Pathogenesis: Th17 and Beyond
Authors: Judith A. Smith, Robert A. Colbert
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) represents a group of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases that exhibit overlapping clinical features, genetic predisposition, and pathogenic mechanisms (1), and affect 0.5–1.5% of the population (2). Disease can be undifferentiated, or manifest as reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Enthesitis is an important pathologic feature of SpA, and contributes to both axial and peripheral arthritis, although synovitis also occurs. Structural damage in AS is dominated by new bone formation that can result in spinal fusion and marked functional limitation. Trabecular bone loss is also prominent, and paradoxically, occurs in close proximity to vertebral osteoproliferation. It can take years from the onset of symptoms to fulfill modified New York criteria for AS. Consequently, newer classification systems have been developed to identify individuals with early axial SpA (3,4) who may benefit from aggressive treatment.

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have had a major impact on the treatment of SpA (5). Their ability to reduce new bone formation in AS continues to be debated (6), although recent results are encouraging (7). TNFi are not beneficial in all patients, and thus there is a need for greater understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and translation of this knowledge into more effective therapies. Over the last decade our knowledge of the role of IL-23 and IL-17 cytokine pathways in immunity and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, from multiple sclerosis (MS) to IBD, arthritis, and psoriasis has grown exponentially (8–11). For SpA, there has been a striking convergence of evidence from genetic studies (12–15), animal models (16–19), translational studies (20–23), and now a therapeutic trial (24) firmly implicating the IL-23/IL-17 axis in pathogenesis (25). In this review we outline key evidence accumulated over the last several years that forms the basis for this conclusion, and provides a background on which to build and refine models of pathogenesis, from inflammation to dysregulated bone formation. These developments, together with the availability of biologics and small molecules that target the IL-23/IL-17 axis, provide an unprecedented opportunity for advances in the treatment of SpA.
A case of paraneoplastic pemphigus with antidesmoglein 1 antibodies as determined by immunoblotting
Authors: P. Martel, D. Gilbert, B. Labeille, J. Kanitakis, P. Joly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article A case of paraneoplastic pemphigus with antidesmoglein 1 antibodies as determined by immunoblotting Get access P. Martel, P. Martel Clinique dermatologique, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1 rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Gilbert, D. Gilbert Laboratoire d'immunopathologie clinique et expérimentale, INSERM U519, 22 boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Labeille, B. Labeille Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Valence, 179 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 26000 Valence, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kanitakis, J. Kanitakis Service de Dermatologie Vénérologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France E‐mail: pascal.joly@chu‐rouen.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Joly P. Joly Clinique dermatologique, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1 rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 4, 1 April 2000, Pages 812–813, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03433.x Published: 01 April 2000
Recent Advances: Teaching in accident and emergency medicine: 10 commandments of accident and emergency radiology
Authors: R. Touquet, P. Driscoll, D. Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

One of the many attractions of accident and emergency medicine is the wide and varied opportunities it provides for education. This is because of the acute nature of the work, which necessitates prompt and accurate decision making. However, in many instances the decisions have to be made by inexperienced senior house officers. Departments therefore need a safe system of practice that can be remembered and adhered to under stress. The 10 commandments is one such system for analysing emergency radiographs of all the regions of the body. This system lays down guidelines to protect both staff and hospitals from the inevitable mistakes that inexperienced doctors will make.
Serial influenza-vaccination reveals impaired maintenance of specific T-cell memory in patients with end-stage renal failure
Authors: Urban Sester, Tina Schmidt, Martin Kuhlmann, Barbara Gärtner, Heike Uhlmann-Schiffler, Martina Sester
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To investigate correlates for the well-known impaired response of hemodialysis-patients to a variety of recommended vaccinations, the induction of antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity was characterised after influenza-vaccination in two following seasons where the identical vaccine-composition was used.  Influenza-specific T-cells were flow-cytometrically characterised from whole blood of 24 healthy controls and 26 hemodialysis-patients by proliferation assays, induction of IFN-γ and TNF-α, and maturation markers. Antibody-titers were quantified using ELISA and hemagglutinaton inhibiton test.  Influenza-specific T-cells significantly increased 1-2 weeks after primary vaccination in both controls (by 0.50±0.64%) and patients (by 0.55±0.71%). Thereafter, T-cell levels decreased within 7 weeks, whereas antibody-titers were more stable. By 6 months, patients had lower precursor-frequencies of proliferating influenza-specific memory T-cells (p=0.006). In the following season, controls showed a less pronounced increase in cellular immunity after re-vaccination (by only 0.12±0.09%, p=0.003), whereas the vaccine induced a strong increase in a 2nd group of vaccination-naive controls. Of note, patients responded like vaccination-naive individuals, as the T-cell increase after re-vaccination was as pronounced as in the year before.  The less pronounced T-cell increase after re-vaccination in controls may indicate maintainance of sufficient immunological memory. In contrast, the more rapid loss of proliferating cells in hemodialysis-patients may contribute to an increased incidence of recurrent infectious complications.
Biologics in Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lyndsay J. Willmott, Daniele A. Sumner, Bradley J. Monk
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Though cervical cancer incidence and prevalence have decreased in the United States, the disease remains a very important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapy for early-stage disease is surgical with adjuvant therapy being administered according to histopathologic findings. Pelvic radiation with concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy is used to treat locally advanced disease, whereas metastatic and recurrent lesions continue to be difficult to effectively treat and cure. Clinical trials in this latter scenario have suggested that clinical benefit may be associated with biologic therapies. This article focuses on the use of targeted therapies in cervical cancer, specifically evaluating antiangiogenesis and endothelial growth factor receptor–related treatments.
Evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration selected samples – The point of view of pathology
Authors: Rica Zinsky, Rolf Henrich, Boeluekbas Boeluekbas, Joachim Schirren, Annette Fisseler-Eckhoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Some studies were done to compare EBUS-TBNA with other methods.

The diagnostic finding of the EBUS-TBNA probes and every other medical report of the patient was recorded. Malignancies were subdivided in NSCLC NOS, Adenoca, Squamous Cell Ca, Small Cell Ca, Malignancies other than the lung cancer and Maligancies NOS. The same localisation of the lung analysed with TBNA was examined with another method such as resection or biopsy in selected cases. With this data, the accordance between the sampling techniques was controlled. Of these 222 TBNA probes, from lymphnode stations 7, 10, 4 and 2 such as upper thoracal lesions, in 206 (93%) cases a diagnose (tumor or not-tumor) was made, in 16 (7%) cases no clear diagnosis could be made concerning the worse tissue quality. 128 (62%) probes were without tumorcells and 38% probes contained tumorcells. EBUS-TBNA samples were compared with the resected tissue or biopsy findings. In 17 of 128 of tumor-containing samples had a resection or biopsy, 82% had the same diagnosis, 6% another diagnosis and in 12% cases no diagnosis could be made on this material.

These 78 tumor-containing probes 31% were also checked by biopsy or resection. In 75%cases the same diagnosis was made on EBUS-TBNA and the method. In 8%cases the diagnosis could not be specified and was doubtful, in 13% cases the diagnosis was different and in 4% case the EBUS-TBNA was done twice with two different diagnosis.

EBUS-TBNA was proved clinical as safe technique and reliable in lung cancer staging and metastases detection. Histological subtyping of lung cancer is possible such as molecular-pathological analysis can also be done from resected tissue or biopsy material.
Abstract 1866: Contraction Front Mapping in Estimation of Ischemic Burden During Live 3-Dimensional Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Masood Ahmad, Meneleo Dimaano, Connie Xie
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Contraction front mapping (CFM) was applied in estimating the ischemic burden during 3D Dobutamine stress echocardiography (3DDSE) in pts with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Se...
In vitro activity of levofloxacin against contemporary clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae from North America and Europe
Authors: I.A. Critchley, M.E. Jones, P.D. Heinze, D. Hubbard, H.D. Engler, A.T. Evangelista, C. Thornsberry, J.A. Karlowsky, D.F. Sahm
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)
Prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in Chinese school children
Authors: Ning Song, Jin Zhang, Mohammed Shamssain, Shuting Hao, Jianling Wu, Chunling Fu, Xixin Yan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The prevalence of asthma has been increasing in the industrialised world over the past few decades. We studied 10824 Chinese school children (5305 boys and 5519 girls) from Shijiazhuang city in Hebei Province in China. We used ISAAC questionnaire (the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). This major project is a baseline of a longitudinal study looking at changes in the prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in these children and risk factors of asthma and allergies in Chinese children including high level of air pollution. The prevalence rates were higher in boys compared to girls (wheeze ever 6.6 vs 4.9; exercise-induced wheeze 3.4 vs 3.2; asthma ever 1.5 vs 0.8; ever rhinitis 15.4 vs 12.2; current rhinitis 11.1 vs 8.3; hay fever ever 4.8 vs 3.8; chronic rash ever 2.7 vs 2.2; and eczema ever 12.4 vs 10.7). The prevalence rates were lower than Chinese children living in Hong Kong (wheeze ever 5.7 vs 13.0; asthma ever 1.1 vs 8.6; current wheeze 1.9 vs 6.6; current rhinoconjunctivitis 2.4 vs 16.2; and current flexural eczema 0.9 vs 4.3). These differences may be due to different early life experience and exposure including dietary and aeroallergens exposure. The present study will help to add new knowledge related to the longitudinal effects of air pollution and allergies in Chinese children.
Questions of Safety and Fairness Raised as Right-to-Try Movement Gains Steam
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking increases the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Koshi Nakamura, Hideaki Nakagawa, Yoshitaka Murakami, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Kiyomi Sakata, Ichiro Tsuji, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Tomonori Okamura
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Complement Activation in Acute Humoral Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: A. BERNARD COLLINS, EVELINE E. SCHNEEBERGER, MANUEL A. PASCUAL, SUSAN L. SAIDMAN, WINFRED W. WILLIAMS, NINA TOLKOFF-RUBIN, A. BENEDICT COSIMI, ROBERT B. COLVIN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. The distinction between acute humoral rejection (AHR) and acute cellular rejection (ACR) in renal allografts is therapeutically important, but pathologically difficult. Since AHR is probably mediated by antibodies to the donor endothelium that activate the classical complement pathway, it was hypothesized that peritubular capillary C4d deposition might distinguish this group. Renal biopsies (n = 16) from 10 patients with AHR who had acute graft dysfunction, neutrophils in peritubular capillaries, and a concurrent positive crossmatch were stained for C4d by immunofluorescence. Control biopsies for comparison showed ACR (n = 14), cyclosporin A toxicity (n = 6), or no abnormality (n = 4). Peribiopsy sera were tested for anti-donor HLA antibody. C4d deposited prominently and diffusely in the peritubular capillaries in all AHR biopsies (16 of 16). IgM and/or C3 were also present in 19 and 44%, respectively. With two-color immunofluorescence, C4d was localized in basement membranes (type IV collagen+) and in the endothelium (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I+). In ACR, no more than trace C4d was found in peritubular capillaries (P < 0.0001 versus AHR), and no patient had anti-donor HLA antibodies (0 of 8); 27% had neutrophils in peritubular capillaries. One of six biopsies with cyclosporin A toxicity had similar C4d deposits, and circulating anti-donor class I antibody was detected. Grafts with AHR were lost (40%) more often than those with ACR (0%; P < 0.02). C4d in peritubular capillary walls distinguishes AHR from ACR, is more specific and sensitive than traditional criteria, and is a potentially valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of graft dysfunction.
Smoking cessation clinic: One year experience
Authors: Jose Andres García Romero de Tejada, Cristina López Riolobos, Gonzalo Segrelles Calvo, Emma Vazquez Espinosa, Rosa Mar Gómez Punter, Julio Ancochea Bermúdez, Olga Rajas Naranjo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION   Tobacco is the most important preventable cause of premature death worldwide. Only about 4%-7% of people are able to quit smoking on any given attempt without medicines or other help. Smoking cessation clinics and others healthcare providers have been shown to improve smoking cessation rates.   AIM   To analyse the characteristics of the smokers in a Smoking Cessation Clinic in Madrid.   MATERIAL AND METHODS   From November 2010 to October 2011, 200 consecutive smokers were included in this study. Demographic data, comorbilities, smoking history, nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom test scores), motivation to quit (Richmond test scores), treatment and success in quitting smoking were recorded. The statistical software SPSS was used for analysis of the results.   RESULTS   Our population had a mean age of 51.7 years, with 56% of them being women. Body mass index was 25.35 kg/m 2 . Mean age at smoking initation was 17.33 years, and men were slightly younger (16.11 vs 17.73, p=0.002). Men also consumed more tobacco (pack-years index was 47.25 in men vs 34.47, p=0.001) and had higher nicotine dependence than women (p 0.019). Six-month continuous abstinence quit rate was 46.43% in women and 30.68% in men (p 0.024). Varenicline was the more effective treatment (success rate 46.91%). 70% of the smokers had tried to quit before, and just 10 patients success at their first attempt (all of them were women). 72 smokers (36%) left the program after the first visit.   CONCLUSIONS   1. Men significantly started to smoke earlier, consumed more tobacco and had higher nicotine dependence than women.  2. Six-month continuous abstinence quit rate was significantly higher in women.  3. Varenicline was the more effective treatment for smoking cessation in our experience.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) pathogenic microorganisms eradication and persistence during antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Alejandro Raimondi, Ignacio Jorge Bledel, Ariel Sosa, Sergio Sarquis, Celica Irrazabal, Abelardo Capdevila, Carlos Vay, Angela Famiglietti, Carlos M. Luna
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:   There exist few data about the eradication rate of endotracheal colonization during the therapy for VAP.   Aims:   We evaluated eradication by ETA cultures in a cohort of patients with microbiologically confirmed VAP.   Methods:   VAP was diagnosed in those mechanically ventilated patients for ≥ 48 h who developed clinical criteria plus a BAL culture grew ≥ 10 4  colony forming units (cfu) of any pathogenic microorganism. Colonization was studied by bi-weekly endotracheal aspirate (ETA) quantitative cultures.   Results:   68 episodes of VAP had performed at least one follow-up ETA culture. The VAP pathogens and those newly acquired during the therapy are displayed in table 1.  The rate of eradication and the rate of newly acquired colonization is displayed in figure 1.  Pathogens persisted during 6.7 days for  P. aeruginosa , 6.5 days Acinetobacter spp, 2.4 days  S. aureus  and 4.0 days other pathogens.   Conclusions:   Endotracheal colonization persisted despite appropriate therapy; acquired colonization appeared after the second follow up culture and could precede a recurrent VAP episode.
A Meta-Analysis of Immunosuppression Withdrawal Trials in Renal Transplantation
Authors: BERTRAM L. KASISKE, HARINI A. CHAKKERA, THOMAS A. LOUIS, JENNIE Z. MA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. Since the publication of previous meta-analyses of cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone withdrawal in renal transplant recipients, several additional randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up have been reported. Currently, in nine prednisone withdrawal trials ( n = 1461), the proportion of patients with acute rejection was increased by 0.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.10 to 0.17, P &lt; 0.001). In nine prednisone withdrawal trials ( n = 1899), the relative risk (RR; RR = 1.0 indicates no risk) of graft failure after withdrawal was also increased (RR = 1.40; range, 1.09 to 1.70, P = 0.012). There was no evidence of between-study heterogeneity for either acute rejection or graft failure in the prednisone withdrawal trials by a χ 2 test ( P &gt; 0.05). In 10 CsA withdrawal trials ( n = 1049), the proportion of patients with acute rejection was increased by 0.11 (0.07 to 0.15, P &lt; 0.001). In 12 trials ( n = 1151), the RR of graft failure after CsA withdrawal was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.29, P = 0.646), but a χ 2 test indicated that there was study heterogeneity. However, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the six studies ( n = 632) with at least 4.0 yr (5.8 ± 1.7) of follow-up (RR = 0.92; range, 0.64 to 1.20, P = 0.569) or in the seven trials ( n = 962) published in peer-reviewed journals (RR = 0.95; range, 0.70 to 1.20 P = 0.682). Finally, in three trials ( n = 259) that compared CsA and prednisone withdrawal, there was a nonsignificant trend for less graft failure with CsA withdrawal (RR = 0.63; range, 0.08 to 1.16, P = 0.190). Thus, unlike prednisone withdrawal, CsA withdrawal in select patients seems to impart little risk of long-term graft failure.
Chronotropic incompetence and its relation to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jinming Liu, Haijian Liu, Wenlan Yang, Shujuan Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem.Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is the inability to proportionally increase heart rate (HR) to meet increases in metabolic demand. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there is an association between disease severity and CI.  METHODS Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), Pulmonary lung function test(PFT) and Cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET) were tested in 60 patients with stable COPD and 45 healthy volunteers, based on chronotropic response index, COPD patients were divided into normal chronotropic group(n=23)and chronotropic incompetence group(n=37).  RESULTS Chronotropic incompetence was present in 61.7% of the patients with COPD, exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake as percentage of predicted value, peak VO 2 %pred) ,peak HR,and chronotropic response index significantly lower than controls in patients with COPD, restingHR significantly higher than controls. Compared with normal chronotropic group, FEV 1 %pred and exercise capacity decreased more significantly in chronotropic incompetence group. chronotropic response index was significant associated with FEV 1 %pred and peak VO 2 %pred.multivariate regression analysis shows chronotropic response index and FEV 1 %pred were independent predictors of exercise capacity in patients with COPD. A cutoff of 0.74 for the chronotropic response index showed a specificity of 94.1% in predicting patients with a peak VO 2 %predl60%.  CONCLUSIONS In patients with COPD the degree of disease severity is associated with chronotropic response index, chronotropic incompetence represents an important determinant of exercise capacity in COPD patients.
Detection of specific antibodies against West Nile and Usutu viruses in healthy blood donors in northern Italy, 2010–2011
Authors: A. Pierro, P. Gaibani, C. Spadafora, D. Ruggeri, V. Randi, S. Parenti, A.C. Finarelli, G. Rossini, M.P. Landini, V. Sambri
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)

Neutralizing antibodies against West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) viruses were measured in 6000 samples collected, between 1 September 2010 and 30 June 2011, from blood donors living in different districts of Emilia-Romagna, northeastern Italy. On the basis of the microneutralization assay (MNTA), 47 (0.78%) subjects were positive for WNV and 14 (0.23%) for USUV. These results were compared with those obtained 2 years ago and suggest an increased circulation of USUV among humans in Emilia-Romagna.