tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway Inflammation
Authors: James H. Shelhamer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Diseases characterized by airway inflammation, excessive airway secretion, and airway obstruction affect a substantial proportion of the population.These diseases include asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis. Asthma and chronic bronchitis may affect 25 million persons in the United States. Much progress has been made in the last decade toward an understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic airway inflammation; recent work has resulted in several new concepts of the initiation and maintenance of airway inflammation. Airway production of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in response to irritants, infectious agents, and inflammatory mediators may play an important role in the modulation of acute and chronic airway inflammation. Lipid mediators may be produced by resident airway cells and by inflammatory cells; production of these mediators may also be altered by inflammatory cytokines. Increased airway obstruction may be related to intercurrent viral respiratory infection and to the induction of airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity that results from such infection. Furthermore, several models exist to explain the processes by which airway inflammation is perpetuated in diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. These include neurogenic inflammation, the perpetuation of the acute inflammatory response, and cycles of airway epithelial cell-mediated and inflammatory cell-mediated recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. An understanding of these mechanisms of airway inflammation may provide the clinician with new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of these common and chronic diseases.
Medical Etymology, The History and Derivation of Medical Terms for Students of Medicine, Dentistry, and Nursing.
Authors: Dorothy M. Schullian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

This book is well titled.It contains informatio, on pharmacology, physiology and physiopathology as related to clinical anesthesia with which e6eryone administering anes- thetics should be familiar.UJnder the, heading of Circulatory Disturbances, shock reliac plexus reflex, carotid sinus reflex, cardiac arrhythmias and the changes of blood pressure under spinal anesthesia are each briefly explained and a method to-avoid these complications or treat them when they do occur is'suggested.The book is clear, concise and fundamentally sound and can be recommended' to everyone interested in anesth'esiology.
Lymphoma classification proposal: clarification [letter; comment] [see comments]
Authors: Nl. Harris, Es. Jaffe, H. Stein, Pm. Banks, Jkc. Chan, Ml. Cleary, G. Delsol, C. Dewolfpeeters, B. Falini, Kc. Gatter, Tm. Grogan, Pg. Isaacson, Dm. Knowles, Dy. Mason, Hk. Mullerhermelink, Sa. Pileri, Ma. Piris, E. Ralfkiaer, Ra. Warnke
Journal: Blood (1995)
Polysomnographic criteria to assess the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation in chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Roomila Naeck, Adrianna Portmann, Ubiratan Freitas, Dounia Bounoiare, Florence Portier, Christophe Letellier, Jean-François Muir, Antoine Cuvelier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim:  We performed successive polysomnographies (PSG) under spontaneous breathing (SB) and under noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in order to assess the improvements of ventilation and sleep in patients with severe chronic respiratory failure.   Methods:  12 patients indicated to domiciliary NIV because of chronic respiratory failure (neuromuscular disease (n=4), obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (n=6) or thoracic deformation (n=2)) have performed a PSG under SB at day 1, another PSG with the newly implemented NIV at day 2 and therefore a third PSG under NIV two weeks after (day 15). NIV titration was performed according to local protocols, based on nocturnal oxymetries and morning arterial blood gas assessments.   Results:  As compared to SB, the oxymetric parameters significantly improved during the first night under NIV. PtcCO2 values, early-morning and diurnal arterial blood gases slightly improved during the first night under NIV but the differences were statistically significant only at day 15. We observed a rapid increase of time spent in REM sleep (9.1±2.1 vs 15.2±2.4% of total sleep time, p=0.0148), a reduction of obstructive apnea index, (28.4±8.6 vs 9.7±4.2, p=0.0175) and the micro-arousal index (40.1±8.5 vs 25.7±1.9, p=0.0258). Heart rate and cardiac variability were significantly reduced under NIV. Patient-ventilator asynchronisms were low in all patients except two and did not significantly vary between day 2 and day 15.   Conclusion:  NIV efficacy is associated with a rapid and objective improvement of sleep quality, in parallel with a slower improvement of diurnal and nocturnal hypercapnia. Cardiac variability may be also a pertinent parameter to evaluate these patients.
Influence of the cardiac cycle on the airflow patterns during inhalation in healthy subjects investigated with 3He MRI
Authors: Guilhem Collier, Helen Marshall, Jim Wild
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Dynamic MR imaging of hyperpolarized 3He during inhalation, Sun, Y. et al. (Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013; 185(2):468-71) revealed an alternation of the image intensity between left and right lungs with a cardiac origin.

Objective: Investigation of cardiac modulation of regional ventilation and airflow in the airways of human lungs during inspiration.

Methods: Dynamic coronal MR images of 5 healthy subjects were obtained with 3He. 4 regions of interest in the right/left upper/lower lobes were chosen to compute the time evolution of the 3He signal which is proportional to ventilation. The time variation of 3He flow across the main bronchi and the lung volume changes during the cardiac cycle were also measured.

Results: The flow in the main bronchi had periodic oscillations at the frequency of the cardiac cycle. The 3He signal showed a time asynchrony between the left lower lobe and the rest of the lung. Segmented 1H MRI images confirmed that the volume of the left inferior part of the lung was dramatically affected by the heart movement (±60mL in 300ms).

![Figure][1] 



Time evolution of the 3He signal during a constant inhalation.

Conclusion: Cardiac pulsation is responsible for a volume change of the lung, which modulates airflow and ventilation. This effect can be quantified with lung MRI and needs to be taken into consideration when measuring and modelling regional lung ventilation in disease.

 [1]: pending:yes
Role of activated complement in COPD exacerbation recovery
Authors: Alex Mackay, John-Paul Westwood, Gavin Donaldson, Richa Singh, Samuel Machin, Marie Scully, Jadwiga Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION   Activated complement components C3a and C5a are potent inflammatory mediators, and may be responsible for excess inflammation in COPD. We hypothesised that changes in C3a and C5a at exacerbation relate to recovery time.   METHODS   Paired sera and sputa were prospectively collected from 24 COPD patients when stable and at exacerbation. C3a and C5a levels were measured using Cytometric Bead Array.   RESULTS   At exacerbation, median serum C3a was significantly lower than baseline, 113.9 (IQR 56.8-144.7) vs 153.7 ng/ml (102.3-206.1), p  A significant association was seen between change in sputum C5a level from baseline to exacerbation, and recovery time: a greater increase in sputum C5a was associated with a longer clinical recovery (r=0.533, p=0.015).  The difference in sputum C3a from baseline to exacerbation was also significantly correlated with recovery (r=0.449, p=0.047).   CONCLUSIONS   Changes in complement activation at exacerbation relate to recovery length. Excess complement activation may be harmful. Future studies should examine complement inhibition as a potential new therapy for COPD exacerbations.
Peripheral neutrophil stiffness is increased in COPD severe exacerbations
Authors: Ebymar Arismendi, Tomas Luque, Yolanda Torralba, Alvar Agusti, Daniel Navajas, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Stable COPD patients increase peripheral neutrophils stiffness (E). We hypothesized that during exacerbations the increase in E can be enhanced.  Objective: To determine peripheral neutrophils E in patients with COPD severe exacerbations during hospitalisation and at convalescence (12 wks after discharge).  Methods: 25 COPD patients (70±[SD]9 yrs; all smokers) were assessed during the follow-up period, of whom 11 recurred (median, 7±4 wk). E was measured using atomic force microscopy. Both, CAT questionnaire and ADO index were also assessed. Ten smokers with normal lung function were used as controls.  Results: On admission, E in COPD patients (956±422 Pa) is increased compared to controls (439±216 Pa) (p  Conclusions: Neutrophils E is increased in patients with COPD severe exacerbations but did not vary at convalescence despite clinical, functional and biochemical improvement. These findings suggest that the rheological properties of neutrophils may be driven by a different underlying inflammatory response.  Supported by SEPAR- 2010, CIBERES Almirall and Esteve.
Abstract 3018: Sedation of Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Arteriography Does Not Result in Adverse Outcomes and Improves Postprocedural Care
Authors: M. Javed Ashraf, Neelima Vallurupalli, James R Cook, Marc J Schweiger, Sandra Bellantonio, Jill Studley
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Elderly patients are undergoing invasive cardiac diagnostic procedures more frequently. Preprocedural sedation is often prescribed, intraprocedural medications administered, and appropriate concern raised regarding post procedure delirium and adverse consequences in the elderly. The objective of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the effect of premeditation on new onset delirium and procedural care. Methods: Patients ≤ 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were screened for enrollment. All patients underwent a mini mental status exam (MMSE) and delirium assessment using confusion assessment method (CAM) prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 hours and prior to discharge or the next morning. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either diphenhydramine and diazepam (25 mg / 5 mg po) or no premedication. Patient cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure management by nursing staff was measured using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, at one and two hours using Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S). Results: Total of 93 patients enrolled in the study, of which 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. The mean age was 77 ± 4.2 years, 56% were male. The baseline mean MMES was similar in each group (27.6± 1.4 in premedication group versus 28.17±1.4 in patients without premedication). Patients with premedication were less alert immediately and at one hour after arrival on the floor (p&lt;0.01), but no patient in either group developed delirium after the procedure as measured by CAM. The ease of procedure was greater, pain medication requirement lower and nursing reported an improvement with patient management after the procedure in the premedicated group (all p&lt;0.05). Conclusion : Premedication did not cause delirium or confusion in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients under going cardiac catheterization.
10 Minute consultation: Tinnitus
Authors: S Alam Hannan, Michael J Wareing, Farhhan Sami
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An elderly widower complains of ringing in his ears. He denies any associated symptoms. He takes atenolol for hypertension. Tired and anxious, he wants to know what is wrong.

Tinnitus —the sensation of noises in the ears or head not attributable to any perceivable external sound—is common. Is the tinnitus subjective? Uncommon objective tinnitus can be heard by others. The temporomandibular joint, eustachian tube, palate, and carotid artery can produce usually innocent somatosounds.

Character of sound —Ringing, hissing, or buzzing suggest inner ear or central pathology. Popping, clicking, or banging suggest problems in the external or middle ear or palatal problems. Pulsatile sounds may indicate anxiety or acute inflammatory ear conditions but also vascular causes, including tumours (glomus, carotid body), carotid stenosis, arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, and high cardiac output …
8-Chloro-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Glioma Cell Proliferation In Vitro
Authors: C. H. Langeveld, M. P. Van Waas, J. J. Heimans, J. C. Stoof
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger playing an important role in cell growth and differentiation [1]. Since cAMP itself hardly enters the cell, the role of cAMP has been demonstrated by the use of cAMP analogs such as dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). DbcAMP produces significant growth delay in multicellular spheroids derived from human brain tumours [2] and has also been found to induce morphological differentiation in human glioma cells [3]. However, usually the concentration of dbcAMP in these studies is very high (1 mM). Recently, cAMP analogs have been identified that selectively bind to one of the two known cAMP binding sites on the regulatory units of the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA). These site-selective analogs induce growth inhibition and differentiation in several human cancer cell lines at much lower concentrations than dbcAMP [1]. In the present study we compared the effects of the site-selective analog 8-chloro-cAMP (8ClcAMP) on human glioma cells to the effects of more commonly used cAMP analogs, such as dbcAMP.
Abstract 743: Efficacy Of Sequential And Composite Arterial Grafts In Off-pump Complete Revascularization For More Than Five Coronary Branches
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakajima, Junjiro Kobayashi, Toshihiro Funatsu, Yutaka Iba, Yusuke Shimahara, Yoritaka Otsuka, Toshikatsu Yagihara, Soichiro Kitamura
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Blood oxidative markers in glass industry workers and related respiratory outcomes
Authors: Felicia Gradinariu, Eugenia Danulescu, Razvan Danulescu, Micaela Margineanu, Carmen Croitoru, Viorel Cazuc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: Workers from a glass factory were investigated by a longitudinal study to detect respiratory outcomes and their relations with working conditions.  Material/methods: 229 nonsmoker workers (40% men) with mean age 35+/-9 yrs and mean exposure in glass industry 14 +/-9 yrs were examined by clinical, spirometric and biochemical tests. Blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and serum lipoperoxides (LP) were assayed as effect markers. Occupational risk was estimated by workplace air contaminants (WAC), Pb in blood, urine (U-Pb), and by urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA).  Results: Although WAC (inorganic Pb, acetone, toluene, white spirit, varnishes) ranged under TLVs, cumulative toxic index was 2.6, indicating a potential hazard risk. 33% of subjects had respiratory changes: 28% cough, 19% sputum production, 8% dyspnea, 18% reported all three symptoms and 15% had obstructive distal sd. In the subgroup of glass painters (n=35), SOD and GSHPx activities correlated significantly (r=0.77, p  15 yrs exposure in glass industry (r=0.29, p  Conclusions: Glass workers encounter cumulative occupational risks which affect their health. Though non-specific, oxidative stress markers are useful as early signals which could foresee health impairment.
Abstract 3380: Levosimendan Improves Right Ventricular Function In Cardiogenic Shock Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martin A Russ, Arnd Christoph, Justin Carter, Roland Prondzinsky, Axel Schlitt, Henning Lemm, Matthias Winkler, Michael Buerke
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Levosimendan, a novel inodilator, has been shown to improve hemodynamic function in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction. Limited data are available on its use in patients with impaired right ventricular function. We hypothesised that levosimendan, due to its vasodilating and positiv inotropic profile, could ameliorate right ventricular hemodynamic function in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction. Methods: Patients (n=25) with cardiogenic shock received initial conventional inotropic therapy after reperfusion of infarct related artery. After insufficient hemodynamic improvement patients received levosimendan (2μg/kgbw/h) over 24 hours. Hemodynamic measurements were routinely performed initially i.e., − 24 hours, at baseline (prior to levosimendan infusion) at 3 hours, 24 and 48 hours after start of levosimendan infusion using a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. Results: With conventional catecholamine therapy (i.e., norepinephrine and/or dobutamine) we observed only marginal change of right ventricular perfomance parameters. In contrast, upon levosimendan infusion there was a significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, while right ventricular Cardiac Power Index, a new measure of right ventricular performance similar to left ventricular CPI, significantly increased. Central venous pressure did not change which makes a significant dependency on preload unlikely. Conclusion: Levosimendan infusion in patients with cardiogenic shock following acute MI and PCI seems to improves substantially and persistently right ventricular hemodynamic parameters, superior to conventional catecholamine therapy. Further studies addressing the benefit of levosimendan in right ventricular failure like in cardiogenic shock due to right myocardial infarction or acute pulmonary embolism are warranted. Hemodynamic Parameters With Catecholamine Teatment and Additional Levosimendan
Next Generation DNA Sequencing: Always Allow an Opt Out
Authors: Annelien L. Bredenoord, Rhodé M. Bijlsma, Hans van Delden
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, among them whole exome and whole genome sequencing, it is now possible and affordable to sequence genomes in a short per...
A novel alternative to environmental monitoring to detect workers at risk for beryllium exposure-related health effects
Authors: Elizabeth Fireman, Yehuda Lerman, Moshe Stark, Asher Pardo, Yehuda Schwarz, Michael V. Van Dyke, Briana Barkes, Lee Newman, Lisa Maier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives  To describe a methodology for surveillance and monitoring of beryllium (Be) exposure using biological monitoring (BM) to complement environmental monitoring (EM).   Methods  Eighty-three Israeli dental technicians (DTs, mean age 41.6[±12.4] yrs) and 80 American nuclear machining workers (NMs, 54.9[±11] years) were enrolled. BM was carried out by analyzing particle size (laser technique) and shape (image analysis) in 131/163 (80.3%) induced sputum (IS) samples (Dipa Analyser, Donner Tech, Israel). EM was carried out only in the US (Sioutas impactor, SKC, Inc.). Pulmonary function testing and IS retrieval were done by conventional methods. Sixty-three Israeli workers and 37 American workers were followed-up for2 years.   Results  BM by IS indicated that a >92% accumulation of    Conclusions  BM is more informative than EM in the surveillance and monitoring of workers in Be industries.  The study was supported by the Bi-National Science Foundation (Israel-USA Proposal 2005060).
Loss of CCR2 Expression and Functional Response to Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP-1) During the Differentiation of Human Monocytes: Role of Secreted MCP-1 in the Regulation of the Chemotactic Response
Authors: Laura Fantuzzi, Paola Borghi, Veniero Ciolli, George Pavlakis, Filippo Belardelli, Sandra Gessani
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 16997: Kv 1.5 Channels Play A Critical Role in Coronary Metabolic Dilation
Authors: Vahagn A Ohanyan, Ian N Bratz, Giacinta Guarini, Liya Yin, William M Chilian
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Previously we found that coronary metabolic dilation (CMD), the matching of flow to cardiac metabolism or work, was compromised by 4-amino-pyridine, indicating a role for voltage- gated potassium (Kv) channels. Complicating the identification of a specific Kv channel involved in CMD is the existence of 12 Kv channel families, each with multiple members. Based on observations that regulation of Kv1.5 channels is redox-dependent and that CMD is mediated, in part, via redox signaling, we hypothesized that the Kv1.5 channel is partially responsible for CMD. To test this hypothesis, we studied mice null for Kv1.5 channels (Kv1.5−/−, n=10) and wild type (WT, n=10) in which cardiac work (CW: stroke volume × heart rate (HR) × mean arterial pressure [MAP]) was altered by i.v. infusion of norepinephrine (NE) during sevoflurane anesthesia and hexamethonium (to eliminate reflex neural adjustments). Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured by contrast echocardiography (ml/min per g) during changes in CW. MAP and HR were measured using a Millar transducer in the aorta, and stroke volume was measured via transthoracic echocardiography. In WT animals, NE at 2.5 and 5 ug/kg/min increased CW over baseline by 117% ± 9 and 160% ± 12, respectively, during which MBF increased 370% ± 19 and 490% ± 32, respectively. In Kv1.5−/−, CW increased 121% ± 8 and 153% ± 9 during the two doses of NE, respectively (NS vs WT), but the increase in MBF was greatly attenuated, 58% ± 10 and 96% ± 9, respectively (P