tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: HIV Medicine: Gardening in Clay: Reflections on AIDS
Authors: George W. Jordan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1996Reviews and Notes: HIV Medicine: Gardening in Clay: Reflections on AIDSGeorge W. Jordan, MDGeorge W. Jordan, MDUniversity of California, Davis Sacramento, CA 95817Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail RO Valdiserri. 107 pages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ Pr; 1994. $16.95. ISBN 0801429811. Order phone 607-277-2338.In objective terms, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is only too familiar to all of us. The spread of AIDS in the United States and throughout the world has been chronicled relentlessly. The effects of the controversies stirred within our society are common knowledge. However, objective knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection does not stimulate the reflections that result from the loss of a twin brother to this disease.The analogy of gardening in clay is apt, because AIDS has revealed aspects ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 281KeywordsAIDSEpidemiologyForecastingHIVHIV infectionsPathogenesisPathologistsPatientsTwins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Boundaries of Organ Donation after Circulatory Death
Authors: James L. Bernat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Organ Donation after Cardiac DeathIn this issue of the Journal, Boucek et al. (pages 709–714) report on three cases of heart transplantation from infants who were pronounced dead on the basis of cardiac criteria. The three Perspective articles and a video roundtable discussion at www.nejm.org address key ethical aspects of organ donation after cardiac death. Bernat and Veatch comment on the cases described by Boucek et al.; Truog and Miller raise a fundamental question about the dead donor rule. In a related Perspective roundtable, moderator Atul Gawande, of Harvard Medical School, is joined by George Annas, of the Boston University School of Public Health; Arthur Caplan, of the University of Pennsylvania; and Robert Truog. Watch the roundtable online at www.nejm.org.Organ donation after circulatory (or cardiac) death has become an accepted medical practice over the past 15 years.1 Programs permitting such donations satisfy two needs: they provide organs in addition to those procured after brain death, and they fulfill the wish of family members that relatives with severe brain injuries serve as organ donors after cessation of life-sustaining therapy and subsequent death. The proliferation of protocols for donation after circulatory death has been spurred by the publication of three reports by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), support by the Department of Health and Human Services, and the establishment of criteria . . .
Ascaris — A Practical Joke?
Authors: Kenneth S. Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The severe ascaris infections reported in "Pulmonary Infiltrates, Asthma and Eosinophilia due to Ascaris suum Infestation in Man," a paper in this issue of the Journal, were apparently the result of a practical joke. Similar symptomatology had previously been described by, among others, a Japanese investigator who ingested 2000 embryonated A. lumbricoides eggs. Furthermore, a fatal case of "eosinophilic lung" in Singapore was ascribed to ascariasis.1 Such occurrences after the massive ingestion of ascaris eggs are rare since most of those naturally infected with this ubiquitous parasite are exposed to far smaller inocula. Nevertheless, severe lung involvement has been . . .
'I Had a Baby Sister but She Only Lasted One Day'
Authors: Susan C. M. Scrimshaw
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"We love you, Elisabeth, we'll never forget you." Five-year-old Corey spoke these words to her sister, who had been born the night before and now lay dying because of severe congenital defects. Twenty-four hours earlier, if you had asked us if we thought a child should see a deformed, dying sibling, we would have been surprised that the question was even asked. During the sad 24 hours of Elisabeth's life, Corey taught us a great deal about our own feelings and about a child's capacity to handle illness and death. The first indications of problems with the pregnancy came after Susan had amniocentesis. I was present for the procedure, and we both were thrilled to see our baby waving her hand on the ultrasound screen. We confidently waited to hear that everything was all right. Everything was not all right. The geneticist had found two odd bits of extra chromosomes,
Genetic Linkage and Hemochromatosis
Authors: Kenneth K. Kidd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The two articles on hemochromatosis in this issue, by Beaumont and her colleagues from Rennes, France, and by Cartwright and his associates from Salt Lake City, Utah, show how genetic-linkage studies can be used to clarify the mode of inheritance and to determine the presence of the gene for hemochromatosis before the appearance of clinical symptoms. In addition to providing new data on the genetics and pathogenesis of hemochromatosis, these articles describe a powerful methodology that should become increasingly important in medical research.Historically, the mode of inheritance of idiopathic hemochromatosis has been difficult to determine because of the late . . .
Report LXXXI: The Coagulation Time of the Blood in Pregnant and Puerperal Women Suffering from Albuminuria and Eclampsia
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1904)

ALTHOUGH a study of the' coagulability of the blood in preg- nancy is.one deserving attention, it is not my purpose to deal with it' in this paper.It is being investigated 4t present by another worker at the Glasgow Maternity Hosp"ital, anid the results when published will, I trust, be a usef'1 addition
Predicting smoking cessation. Who will quit with and without the nicotine patch
Authors: S. L. Kenford
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To identify predictors of smoking cessation success or failure with and without transdermal nicotine patch treatment.Two independent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies using the nicotine patch assessing outcome at the end of treatment and at 6-month follow-up; each study used a different mode of adjuvant counseling.Subjects were daily smokers (> or = 15 cigarettes per day), aged 21 to 65 years with expired air carbon monoxide levels of at least 10 ppm, and motivated to quit. Eighty-eight subjects participated in study 1, and 112 subjects participated in study 2.Study 1 consisted of 8 weeks of 22-mg nicotine patch therapy with intensive group counseling. Study 2 consisted of 4 weeks of 22-mg nicotine patch therapy and 2 weeks of 11-mg nicotine patch therapy with brief individual counseling.The prediction of smoking cessation (at end of treatment and after 6 months) based on pretreatment and intratreatment measures in smokers using active or placebo nicotine patches.Pretreatment markers, such as the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire score, number of cigarettes smoked per day, years smoked, expired air carbon monoxide level, or baseline blood nicotine and cotinine levels, showed no consistent relationship with successful smoking cessation across both studies. Of the intratreatment markers examined, withdrawal severity and nicotine replacement levels also were not consistently predictive of cessation success. However, any smoking during the second week of treatment was a consistent and powerful predictor of failure at the end of treatment and after 6 months. Among active nicotine patch patients who smoked at all during week 2 after quitting, 83% and 97% (studies 1 and 2, respectively) were smoking at 6-month follow-up. Conversely, abstinence during the second week of treatment predicted successful smoking cessation. Among active nicotine patch patients who were totally abstinent during week 2 after quitting, 46% and 41% (studies 1 and 2, respectively) were abstinent at 6-month follow-up. Of all nicotine patch patients in both studies who were smoking at 6-month follow-up, 74% began smoking during week 1 or 2. Among all placebo patch patients who were smoking at 6-month follow-up, 86% began smoking during week 1 or 2.Smoking status (abstinent or smoking) during the first 2 weeks of nicotine patch therapy, particularly week 2, was highly correlated with clinical outcome and can serve as a powerful predictor of smoking cessation. Early smoking behavior also predicted outcome among placebo patch users. Traditional measures of dependence are not consistently predictive of cessation success. Clinicians are advised to emphasize the importance of total abstinence after a quit attempt and to follow-up with patients within the first 2 weeks of quitting; smoking during this critical time should be assessed and treatment may be altered as appropriate.
Does Masking Author Identity Improve Peer Review Quality?
Authors: Amy C. Justice, Mildred K. Cho, Margaret A. Winker, Jesse A. Berlin, Drummond Rennie, None and the PEER Investigators
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—All authors may not be equal in the eyes of reviewers. Specifically, well-known authors may receive less objective (poorer quality) reviews. One study at a single journal found a small improvement in review quality when reviewers were masked to author identity.Objectives.—To determine whether masking reviewers to author identity is generally associated with higher quality of review at biomedical journals, and to determine the success of routine masking techniques.Design and Setting.—A randomized controlled trial performed on external reviews of manuscripts submitted to Annals of Emergency Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology , and Ophthalmology .Interventions.—Two peers reviewed each manuscript. In one study arm, both peer reviewers received the manuscript according to usual masking practice. In the other arm, one reviewer was randomized to receive a manuscript with author identity masked, and the other reviewer received an unmasked manuscript.Main Outcome Measure.—Review quality on a 5-point Likert scale as judged by manuscript author and editor. A difference of 0.5 or greater was considered important.Results.—A total of 118 manuscripts were randomized, 26 to usual practice and 92 to intervention. In the intervention arm, editor quality assessment was complete for 77 (84%) of 92 manuscripts. Author quality assessment was complete on 40 (54%) of 74 manuscripts. Authors and editors perceived no significant difference in quality between masked (mean difference, 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.2 to 0.4) and unmasked (mean difference, −0.1; 95% CI, −0.5 to 0.4) reviews. We also found no difference in the degree to which the review influenced the editorial decision (mean difference, −0.1; 95% CI,−0.3 to 0.3). Masking was often unsuccessful (overall, 68% successfully masked; 95% CI, 58%-77%), although 1 journal had significantly better masking success than others (90% successfully masked; 95% CI, 73%-98%). Manuscripts by generally known authors were less likely to be successfully masked (odds ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8). When analysis was restricted to manuscripts that were successfully masked, review quality as assessed by editors and authors still did not differ.Conclusions.—Masking reviewers to author identity as commonly practiced does not improve quality of reviews. Since manuscripts of well-known authors are more difficult to mask, and those manuscripts may be more likely to benefit from masking, the inability to mask reviewers to the identity of well-known authors may have contributed to the lack of effect.
HEPATOBILIARY SCINTIGRAPHY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Patricia W. Hayde, Joel D. Blumhagen, Dennis L. Christie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Technectium (Tc99m) iminodiacetic acid (IDA) compounds have replaced 1131 Rose Bengal for hepatobiliary imaging. The primary usefulness in a pediatric population is to confirm patency of the biliary tract. Since June 1981 51 studies have been done on 39 patients; 36 were less than 20 weeks old at the time of first study. The infants were fasted 3 to 6 hours prior to IV Tc99m disIDA (0.1 mCi/K or 1 mCi total) given with the infant supine beneath a gamma camera. Continuous images of the abdomen were obtained for 1 hour, then anterior and posterior images at 2 to 4 hour intervals as necessary. Bilirubin levels and a clinical summary were available for each patient. Of 10 patients (7F, 3M) who proved to have biliary atresia (8) or hypoplasia (2) none excreted IDA into the gut. Of 17 (15M, 2F) with neonatal hepatitis 13 excreted IDA via the biliary tract. Of 9 infants with a variety of congenital defects only the three with cystic fibrosis failed to show excretion into gut. The level of direct bilirubinemia 1.0 to 13.7 (mean 4.8 mg%) was not different in the three groups. The mean CTT level was highest for biliary atresia patients; however, several infants in the other groups excreted IDA with GTT levels over 1000. Improved quality of images and lowered radiation exposure have made scintigraphy with Tc99m IDA compounds a sensitive test to assess hepatobiliary patency in infants and children with direct hyperbilirubinemia. Patients with resolving cholestasis due to a variety of causes including “neonatal hepatitis” can safely be studied.
S23 A comparative study of polymicrobial diversity in CF and non-CF bronchiectasis
Authors: S. P. Cummings, A. Nelson, P. J. Purcell, A. De Soyza, S. J. Bourke, J. D. Perry
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Bronchiectasis is a dilation of the peripheral airways with subsequent mucus hypersecretion. Bronchiectasis can be either genetic, that is cystic fibrosis (CF) or described as non-CF bronchiectasis (eg, idiopathic or post infectious bronchiectasis). Recently, many studies have demonstrated polymicrobial bacterial communities are present in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of cystic fibrosis (CF) sufferers. These studies have identified complex microbial communities that are affected by many factors including age; CFTR genotype and antibiotic therapy. One prior abstract noted greater diversity in non-CF bronchiectasis as compared to CF (Bilton <i>et al</i>, 2009) though the sample size was small. Our aim is to extend prior work by comparing the metabolically active bacterial and fungal communities present in sputum samples from CF patients with those from non-CF bronchiectasis. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients provided spontaneously expectorated sputum samples which were treated with RNA<i>later</i>. RNA was extracted from sputum samples and reverse transcribed to cDNA; this was the template for bacterial and fungal community PCR amplification using universal 16S or 28S primer sets. Amplicons were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) which separates double stranded DNA based upon bacterial and fungal genomic GC content sequence. Common pathogens were identified such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Haemophilus</i> spp. by comparison to a 16S or 28S standard ladder from pure cultures. <h3>Results</h3> We have compared CF and non-CF bronchiectasis (n=36 combined). Polymicrobial communities were observed in all CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients. However, CF patients demonstrated a greater bacterial diversity with a mean of 14.77 species per sample (range 6–21) than non-CF bronchiectasis patients who had a mean of 9.67 species per sample (range 4–14). However, fungal communities were similar between CF and non-CF bronchiectasis with 73.3% and 75% of patients harbouring fungi in their LRT respectively. Similarly, CF patients had a mean of 1.33 fungal species per sample (range 0–4) whilst non-CF bronchiectasis patients had a mean of 1.16 fungal species per sample (range 0–3). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We note a complex microbiota in the lungs of both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients. In contrast to other studies using DNA based molecular analysis we note an increased microbial diversity observed in the CF cohort. The increases in bacterial taxa in CF may be due to differences in CFTR status, disease duration, or the intensive antibiotic regimens creating differing biological niches in non-CF bronchiectasis.
Favism in Australia
Authors: J. D. Harley, H. Robin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

EDIBAsL have facilities on their premises for the storage of vaccines under correct conditions.It would seem, therefore, that, even if effective and innocuous vaccines are produced by the manufacturers, there is a considerable chance that by the time they are administered to patients they will have lost much of their effectiveness, and may, in addition, possess a considerable toxicity.-Iam, etc. Leeds 16.
A 35-Year-Old Woman Experiencing Difficulty With Breastfeeding
Authors: Ruth A. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: David R. Rubinow
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>CASE PRESENTATION</h3> A 30-year-old married mother of four was referred to the National Institute of Mental Health for a cyclic mood disorder. She observed that over the preceding 7 years she experienced mood and somatic symptoms seemingly related to her menstrual cycle. Approximately 9 days before her menses, she would become sad and cry, want to be alone, and experience sensitivity to rejection, guilt, self-criticism, and occasional suicidal ideation. These symptoms were not responsive to expressed concern from others. Rather, she attempted to isolate herself because she became profoundly irritable around others and demonstrated anger, impatience, "meanness," overreactivity, and verbal outbursts. Her verbal loss of control caused problems at work and in her relationships with her family. Other symptoms included a decrease in her general level of interest and energy, an inability to initiate activities or to experience pleasure, fatigue, disturbed sleep, distractibility, indecisiveness, and increased appetite and food intake
An Open Label Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis to Assess Immune Response to Fluzone® Intradermal Vaccine
Authors: Donald Y.M. Leung, Chris Cheadle, Joanne Streib, Trudi Madigan, Susan B. Leung, Caroline Bronchick, Seungshin Rhee, Kathleen C. Barnes, Gloria David, Adriana Weinberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Town-Gown Syndrome
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1987)

By the "town-gown syndrome" I mean the frictional interface between practicing physicians in private practice in a community and the full-time faculty of the medical school. Usually the syndrome involves faculty in clinical departments, although medical school administrators, hospital directors and staff, and sometimes even university administrators are involved. Basic science faculties are usually spared. The basis for the town-gown syndrome is fundamentally economic. Practicing physicians resent that full-time faculty, who derive at least part of their income from the university, compete with them for patients. Practitioners also object to the fact that academic practices are subsidized because they are carried out in university facilities. The practicing community views the academic practitioner as "unfair competition" with which they as taxpayers (in the case of state-supported medical schools) or contributing alumni (in private medical schools) should not have to contend. In fact, the economic competition between academic clinicians and private practitioners
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, forskolin, and genistein increase apical CFTR trafficking in the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Acute regulation of CFTR trafficking in an intact epithelium.
Authors: R W Lehrich, S G Aller, P Webster, C R Marino, J N Forrest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Defective trafficking of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common cause of cystic fibrosis. In chloride-secreting epithelia, it is well established that CFTR localizes to intracellular organelles and to apical membranes. However, it is controversial whether secretagogues regulate the trafficking of CFTR. To investigate whether acute hormonal stimulation of chloride secretion is coupled to the trafficking of CFTR, we used the intact shark rectal gland, a model tissue in which salt secretion is dynamically regulated and both chloride secretion and cellular CFTR immunofluorescence can be quantified in parallel. In rectal glands perfused under basal conditions without secretagogues, Cl- secretion was 151+/-65 microeq/h/g. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), forskolin, and genistein led to 10-, 6-, and 4-fold increases in Cl- secretion. In basal glands, quantitative confocal microscopy revealed CFTR immunofluorescence extending from the apical membrane deeply into the cell (7.28+/-0.35 micron). During stimulation with secretagogues, apical extension of CFTR immunofluorescence into the cell was reduced significantly to 3.24+/-0.08 micron by VIP, 4.08+/-0.13 by forskolin, and 3.19+/-0.1 by genistein (P < 0.001). Moreover, the peak intensity of CFTR fluorescence shifted towards the apical membrane (peak fluorescence 2.5+/-0.13 micron basal vs. 1.51+/-0.06, 1.77+/-0.1, and 1.38+/-0.05 for VIP, forskolin, and genistein; all P < 0.001). The increase in both Cl- secretion and apical CFTR trafficking reversed to basal values after removal of VIP. These data provide the first quantitative morphological evidence for acute hormonal regulation of CFTR trafficking in an intact epithelial tissue.
DUODENOCOLIC FISTULA WITH INCOMPETENT SPHINCTER OF ODDI
Authors: Clarence E. Rees
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This case of duodenocolic fistula is reported because of several unusual features: 1. The condition is apparently very rare, as I was unable to find any reports of a fistula between the duodenum and the colon which was not secondary to a malignant growth. 2. Traction from the fistulous tract had resulted in incompetence of the sphincter of Oddi, so that the contents of the duodenum were allowed to pass into the bile passages. This fact accounted for the unusual roentgen observations following the oral administration of barium, in which the ramifications of the hepatic tree were revealed, filled with the barium. 3. Finally, the fact that the liver had suffered no apparent damage in spite of the fact that it had been subjected to regurgitation of the contents of both the duodenum and the colon over a long period of time is rather remarkable. The patient was a married