tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Melanoma Cell Lines Showing Striking Inherent Differences in Sensitivity to Immunotoxins Containing Holotoxins&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Aslak Godal, Øystein Fodstad, Alton C. Morgan, Alexander Pihl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The in vitro sensitivity of human melanoma cell lines to conjugates of whole abrin or ricin linked through disulfide bonds to the monoclonal antimelanoma antibody 9.2.27 was studied. After passage of the conjugates through a Sepharose 4B column to remove molecular species with exposed binding sites on their B-chains, toxicity of the conjugates to different melanoma cell lines and nonmelanoma tumor lines was assessed by measuring their ability to inhibit cellular protein synthesis. The abrin conjugate was far more toxic to the target cells than the corresponding ricin conjugate. The 8 melanoma cell lines studied differed widely in their sensitivities to the abrin conjugate. The differences were associated with concomitant large differences in the sensitivities of the cells to the native toxins, and the significance of the level of the antigen expression became apparent only when the sensitivities of the different cell lines were normalized with respect to their sensitivity to native abrin. The observed relationship could not be accounted for by unspecific binding via the B-chain binding site of the immunotoxin. The differential sensitivity of the melanoma cell lines to the immunotoxin seems to be related to inherent differences between the cells in their ability to internalize and to process immunotoxins and toxins. The findings may have considerable practical implications.
Abstract 17072: Relationship Between Anxiety and Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: The PREVENCION Study
Authors: Diana A Chirinos, Josefina Medina-Lezama, Belissa Salinas Najarro, Fernando Corrales-Medina, Humberto Zea-Diaz, Zubair Khan, Khaleeq S Hussain, Julio A Chirinos, Prevencion Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Previous studies regarding the association of subclinical atherosclerosis and anxiety have yielded conflicting results. Most studies have used coronary calcium as an atherosclerotic sur...
Sensitization In Vitro to Murine Myeloblastic Leukemia Cells by Xenogeneic Immune RNA&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H D Preisler, S K Jacobs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Normal murine spleen cells were sensitized to syngeneic myeloid leukemia cells by RNA extracted from the lymph nodes and spleens of Hartley guinea pigs immunized with the murine leukemia cells. Sensitization mediated by RNA was an active process that required physiologic temperature and at least a 10-minute incubation. RNA extracted from unimmunized guinea pigs of guinea pigs immunized with normal spleen cells failed to sensitize the mouse spleen cells. Sensitization was specifically directed toward leukemia cells, whereas the spleen cells remained unreactive toward normal spleen or bone marrow cells. The sensitizing moiety was RNA itself inasmuch as it was inactivated by RNase and not by DNase or pronase. Preparations whose RNA patterns on sucrose density centrifugation gave evidence of degradation of the RNA did not sensitize normal spleen cells. These studies demonstrate that xenogeneic immune RNA can specifically sensitize normal spleen cells to syngeneic myeloid leukemia cells.
P1180 : Identification of pbc patients in need of additional therapy during the course of UDCA treatment -an international multicenter study
Authors: W.J. Lammers, A. Parés, C. Corpechot, F. Nevens, H.L. Janssen, C.Y. Ponsioen, G.M. Hirschfield, A. Floreani, M.J. Mayo, P. Invernizzi, P.M. Battezzati, D. Thorburn, A.L. Mason, K.V. Kowdley, N.F. Larusso, L. Caballeria, R. Poupon, A. Cheung, K. Boonstra, P.J. Trivedi, T. Kumagi, N. Cazzagon, I. Franceschet, A. Lleo, G. Pieri, M.H. Imam, K.D. Lindor, M.H. Harms, H.R. van Buuren, B.E. Hansen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Determinants of improved outcome in small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of the 2,580-patient Southwest Oncology Group data base.
Authors: K S Albain, J J Crowley, M LeBlanc, R B Livingston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

We analyzed the 2,580-patient Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) small-cell lung cancer data base from 1976 to 1988 in order to (1) determine the prognostic value of favorable demographic and tumor-related factors and therapy programs using Cox multivariate analyses in limited- and extensive-stage disease (LD, ED), and (2) define patient subgroups with significantly different survivals using recursive partitioning and amalgamation (RPA) analysis to refine the current two-stage system. Cox multivariate models were applied to 1,363 patients in six LD trials: good performance status, female sex, age less than 70 years, white race, and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significant favorable independent predictors. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was also a strong independent predictor of survival. For 1,217 patients in four ED trials, a normal LDH, treatment with an intensive multidrug regimen, and a single metastatic lesion were favorable independent variables in the Cox model. RPA analysis of 1,137 patients in recent LD and ED trials resulted in a regression tree in which the most important prognostic split was LD versus ED. Normal or abnormal LDH, absence or presence of a pleural effusion, and age less than 70 or greater than or equal to 70 years were important in LD, but only LDH was significant in ED. The terminal nodes of the regression tree were amalgamated to form four distinct prognostic subgroups with median survivals of 19.0, 12.5, 10.5, and 6.3 months (P less than .0001). The best survival occurred for younger patients with "true" LD: no effusion and normal LDH. The two intermediate patient subgroups had either LD or ED but still lived significantly longer than those patients with true ED (elevated LDH). This analysis suggests that although several factors were independent prognostic variables in LD in the Cox models, a smaller number of variables can be used to form important prognostic subgroups through RPA. The LDH emerged as a highly significant factor, but performance status and sex did not. A refinement of the current staging system should be made if our results can be confirmed with a combined-group data base analysis.
Editorial's objectivity is in doubt
Authors: A. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

has a protective function.It protects the vulnerable from misinformation due to mistakes by or the ignorance of the informer, from pressure by those with malintent, from economically driven judg- ments on their future, and from much more.It also protects us, as doctors, from ourselves: our ignorance or arrogance, any temptation to cover up medical mistakes, our difficulty in asking for help from a colleague, overinvolvement with a patient that colours our judgment, our fatigue, or personal prejudice or bias about clinical or social conditions.It protects us from undue pressure by relatives weary of caring or who stand to gain financially.Managers cannot put pressure on us to clear those who are dying from our beds rapidly, and purchas- ers cannot question why we strive to provide qual- ity care to patients with a poor prognosis.
Effect of Respiratory Infections on Exacerbation of Asthma in Adult Patients
Authors: T. Kava
Journal: Allergy (1986)

The peak expiratory flow values and asthma symptom scores of 92 adults with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma were recorded daily from September 1981 to April 1982 in order to study the effects of symptomatic respiratory infections (SRI) on the course of asthma. During the follow‐up, 253 exacerbations of asthma were observed in 67 patients. 68 subjects had 141 episodes of SRI. 63 of 253 exacerbations (25%) were found in association with SRI. The mean duration of the exacerbations associated with SRI was 13.4 days, significantly different ( P &lt; 0.01) from the mean duration of 8.1 days recorded for the other exacerbations. The results confirm the high incidence of asthmatic exacerbations during respiratory infections and suggest that the recovery from an exacerbation is slower in association with infection.
Hyposensitization in asthmatics with mPEG modified and unmodified house dust mite extract
Authors: H. MOSBECH, S. DREBORG, L. FRØLUND, I. LJUNGSTEDT‐PÅHLMAN, U. G. SVENDSEN, M. SØBORG, E. TAUDORF, B. WEEKE
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Forty‐six asthmatics with verified allergy to the house dust mite, D. pteronyssinus (Dp), participated in a double‐blind study comparing the effect of 2 years' hyposensitization with two different Dp extracts. Two groups received either monomethoxypolyethylene glycol modified (mPEG) Dp extract or the corresponding non‐modified extract, and a third group acted as controls receiving no injections. Medicine consumption, symptom scores, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were recorded daily from September to December prior to and after 6 and 18 months of treatment. Changes were calculated choosing changes 10% as relevant. In addition, patients were asked to give their direct assessment of the clinical effect at the end of the study. After 6 months, there was an improvement in symptoms + medication in 11/14 of Dp‐treated, 6/17 of the mPEG‐Dp group ( P &gt; 0.05) and 3/15 of openly treated controls. Few patients had changed in PEF. During the second year, several Dp‐treated relapsed and some controls improved. At the end of the study the same improvement rate was seen in all groups. Similarly, the retrospective questionnaire data did not disclose any significant differences between groups after 2 years. In conclusion, hyposensitization with unmodified Dp extract seemed to have a favourable short‐term effect on bronchial symptoms + medication in the majority of patients. When mainly on maintenance dose, the beneficial effect was reduced. The mPEG modification of the extract had reduced not only allergenicity but also the clinical effect of equal doses. Changes in medicine and symptom scores only partly correlated to retrospective assessment, thus stressing the problems in this kind of evaluation.
Maintaining Ancient Organelles
Authors: Rick B. Vega, Julie L. Horton, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

The ultrastructure of the cardiac myocyte is remarkable for the high density of mitochondria tightly packed between sarcomeres. This structural organization is designed to provide energy in the form of ATP to fuel normal pump function of the heart. A complex system comprised of regulatory factors and energy metabolic machinery, encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, is required for the coordinate control of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis, maturation, and high-capacity function. This process involves the action of a transcriptional regulatory network that builds and maintains the mitochondrial genome and drives the expression of the energy transduction machinery. This finely tuned system is responsive to developmental and physiological cues, as well as changes in fuel substrate availability. Deficiency of components critical for mitochondrial energy production frequently manifests as a cardiomyopathic phenotype, underscoring the requirement to maintain high respiration rates in the heart. Although a precise causative role is not clear, there is increasing evidence that perturbations in this regulatory system occur in the hypertrophied and failing heart. This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory factors and signaling networks that serve to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the mammalian heart.
Some Factors Affecting the Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Membrane Antigens
Authors: Marie L. Kish, Bobby G. Young
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The effect of two factors, L-arglnine concentration and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, on the expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated membrane antigens (MA) was evaluated. An EBV-producer cell line, AV-1, was cultivated in Eagle's basal medium with Earle's salts, supplemented with various L-arginine concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 20.0 mM. In most of the L-arginine concentrations, the number of cells expressing MA decreased within the first 24 hours. This decrease was followed by a marked increase in MA-positive cells at 48 hours and a slight decrease between 48 and 72 hours. Statistical evaluation, however, revealed no significant differences in the level of MA expression among cells exposed to the various L-arginine concentrations. These findings were discussed in relation to the cell cycle dependence of L-arginine-deficlent media as a virus-activating agent. AV-1 cell cultures were treated with PHA and observed at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours. Within the first 24 hours, the percentage of cells showing MA was markedly increased. This was followed by a rapid decline in percentage of MA-posltive cells within the next 24 hours. Treatment of an EBV-nonproducer cell line, NC37, with PHA resulted in the production of MA in approximately 11% of the cells within the first 24 hours. The number of MA-positive cells gradually declined over the next 48 hours. No viral capsid antigens were detected in these cells. The data suggested either complete or partial activation of the latent EBV genome by PHA.
The relationship between inspiratory capacity and emphysematous changes assessed by CT in Vietnamese COPD patients
Authors: Hiroshi Wada, Tho Nguyen Van, Trang Le Thi Huyen, Rie Kanda, Yasushi Ryujin, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Tetsuya Oguma, Taishi Nagao, Emiko Ogawa, Lan Le Thi Tuyet, Yasutaka Nakano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: It is known that low attenuation volume (LAV) assessed by computed tomography (CT) is related to the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationship between the regional distribution of emphysema assessed by LAV and inspiratory capacity is not clear.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between IC and emphysematous changes in each lobe.

Methods: We recruited 76 Vietnamese COPD patients who underwent chest CT and respiratory function tests. We analyzed volumetric CT data and measured the fraction of low attenuation volume (LAV%) in each lobe. We then evaluated the relationship between LAV% in each lobe and inspiratory capacity.

Results: LAV% of the whole lung was significantly related to inspiratory capacity (r=-0.278, p=0.021). LAA% in right lung and left lung were significantly related to inspiratory capacity (r=-0.275, p=0.022, and r=-0.2715, p=0.024, respectively). LAV% of the right upper lobe and middle lobe was not related to inspiratory capacity (p=0.075 and p=0.457, respectively). LAV% of the right lower lobe was significantly related to inspiratory capacity (r=-0.354, p=0.003). LAV% of the left upper lobe was not related to inspiratory capacity (p=0.072). LAV% of the left lower lobe was significantly related to inspiratory capacity (r=-0.371, p=0.002).

Conclusion: Inspiratory capacity is affected more strongly by the emphysematous changes in the lower lobes than in the upper lobes.
Octreotide in the treatment of severe chemotherapy-induced diarrhea
Authors: J. Zidan, N. Haim, A. Beny, M. Stein, E. Gez, A. Kuten
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) is a common side effect of a number of chemotherapeutic agents. Conventional therapy for severe CID with opioids or loperamide is moderately effective. A prospective trial was conducted using octreotide acetate for treatment of severe CID refractory to loperamide.Thirty-two patients with grade 2 and 3 CID refractory to loperamide were treated with octreotide at a dosage of 100 microg subcutaneously 3x/day for three days followed by 50 microg 3x/day for three days. Previous chemotherapy consisted of regimens containing fluorouracil, leucovorin, CPT-11, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and cisplatin. Primary tumors were colorectal (n = 23), gastric (n = 3), and other cancers (n = 6).Complete resolution of diarrhea was obtained in 30 of 32 patients (94%); 5 within 24 hours, 14 within 48 hours, and 11 within 72 hours of treatment. Nineteen patients were treated as outpatients. Thirteen were hospitalized for a median of three days. Response was unaffected by age, gender, performance status, previous chemotherapy or primary tumor site. No side effects related to octreotide were observed.Octreotide 100 microg subcutaneously 3x/day for three days is an effective, safe treatment for CID given primarily or as a second-line therapy after loperamide failure.
Hypercholesterolemia after chemotherapy for testis cancer.
Authors: D Raghavan, K Cox, A Childs, J Grygiel, D Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The study was designed to determine prospectively the prevalence of fasting serum lipid abnormalities in patients who were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. We unexpectedly had demonstrated hypercholesterolemia in 20 of 30 nonfasting patients in a prior study of long-term toxicity of chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. The present study was designed to explore this phenomenon further. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen unselected patients with biopsy-proven germ cell tumors, who underwent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and who had no prior history of cardiac disease nor known hypercholesterolemia, were studied. In addition to the standard staging tests, blood was drawn for a pretreatment fasting lipid screen, which included cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A1, B, and (a). Repeat samples were drawn 24 hours after the administration of cisplatin and at intervals of 6 to 24 months after the completion of treatment. RESULTS Seven of 17 patients (41%) had higher than desirable levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Two of them had normal levels before treatment, four had preexisting hypercholesterolemia that increased further, and one patient had an elevated pretreatment level that did not alter. Absolute increases in serum cholesterol were noted in 14 of 17 patients. No consistent patterns of change beyond the reference ranges were found for other serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS We have confirmed our initial observation that serum cholesterol increases in patients who received cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens for germ cell tumors. Further studies will be necessary to define whether other lipid abnormalities occur and the biologic significance of these findings.
Association of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)
Authors: Gulchekhra Tashmetova, Dilbar Makhmudova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Hyperresponsiveness is hypersensitivity of irritative bronchial receptors, when they respond with bronchospasm and appearance of wheezes in the lungs to the impact of specific and nonspecific stimuli.  Aim. Determining the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients who have had ARVI.  Materials and methods. We examined 80 persons aged 20 to 60 years with ARVI including: men - 43, women - 37. In all patients we studied respiratory function (RV): measured vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum flow rate at large bronchi (MEF75), maximum flow rate at secondary bronchi (MEF50), maximum flow rate at the level of the small bronchi (MEF25). Those patients (50), in which marked paroxysmal cough under normal RV we performed a test with beta-blockers to detect latent bronchial hyperresponsiveness.  Results. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in 62.25% of patients (53), of whom in 39.6% patients ARVI observed on the background of pneumonia (21) and in 22.6% men – on the background of acute bronchitis (12), the remaining 37.7% (20) had ARVI without complications. ARVI patients without bronchial hyperresponsiveness (47) had complication of pneumonia in 23.4% (11) and acute bronchitis - in 14.9% (7).  Conclusion: ARVI can be a predictor of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.  With the development of complications of ARVI (such as pneumonia or acute bronchitis) there is an increase of cases of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Version 2.2013
Authors: Margaret R. O’Donnell, Martin S. Tallman, Camille N. Abboud, Jessica K. Altman, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Daniel A. Arber, Eyal Attar, Uma Borate, Steven E. Coutre, Lloyd E. Damon, Jeffrey Lancet, Lori J. Maness, Guido Marcucci, Michael G. Martin, Michael M. Millenson, Joseph O. Moore, Farhad Ravandi, Paul J. Shami, B. Douglas Smith, Richard M. Stone, Stephen A. Strickland, Eunice S. Wang, Kristina M. Gregory, Maoko Naganuma
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize several key updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and discuss the clinical evidence that support the recommendations. The updates described in this article focus on the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) section, featuring recommendations for additional induction/consolidation regimens in patients with low- or intermediate-risk APL, and providing guidance on maintenance strategies for APL.
Mondor Meets Trendelenburg: Penile Vein Thrombosis after Varicose Vein Surgery
Authors: A J McLaren, N Riazuddin, A D Northeast
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Aetiological factors in superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis include trauma, vigorous sexual activity, pelvic tumours and a distended bladder1,2. Isolated penile vein phlebitis was originally described in 19583 as a variant of Mondor's disease, which is a more generalized superficial venous thrombosis of the chest wall.