tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORTS OF SOCIETIES
Authors: E D ADRIAN
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICALO(TRNI 305 detecied.In its absence the prisoner may be merely passively seeking the support of treatment and gratifying his anxiety for self-justification.The psychotherapist is then in the dilemma that if he gives treatment the prisoner will probably use the fact in a similar difficulty later to explain his criminal conduct; if on the other hand it is withheld, the prisoner's resentment may cancel any reformative or stabilizing influence which the sentence might have had.The selection of cases therefore calls for great care.Moreover, the attempted treatment of un- suitable cases is bound to discredit psychotherapy as a pre- ventive of crime.Again, if the prisoher discovers that the length of the sentence has been adjusted to the time estimated to--carry out the treatment he will cease to co-operate.The speed of recovery of a case cannot be gauged before treatment has been started.Dr. Young considers that as the scope and limitations of psychotherapy become more generally appreciated, the number of persons suitable for treatment during sentence will substantially increase. Physical Methods in Psychiatric TreatmentArrangements were made to transfer to hospital patients suitable for various forms of physical treatment.Two prisoners leceived insulin shock therapy and one malarial treatment.Through contact with outside authorities, cases of psychosis are thoroughly investigated with a view to physical treatment.Considerable use has been made of electro-encephalography, with the help of the Sutton E.M.S. hospital.The tracings are useful in the diagnosis of obscure cases of epilepsy, and may prove valuable in ascertaining psychopathic personality, particularly of the aggressive type.Dr. G. Durrant has been appointed to Holloway as psy- chiatrist for women.She has examined and reported on many cases and treated suitable patients.A report on her work is promised.Arrangements have been made in prisons for both sexes to extend psychological treatment, and authority has been granted for the appointment of a psychiatric social worker at Holloway and a non-medical psychologist at Wormwood Scrubs.It is hoped that these officers will assist in the psychiatric assess- ment of prisoners committed to Borstal or to prison, and so enable the Commiss:oners to piovide training according to their needs at Borstal institutions and at special centres, both existing and projected.All prisoners who appear to present some mental abnormality are examined and assessed, and favourable cases with sufficiently long sentences are treated.The psycho- logical treatment of prisoners in pr;son has disadvantages, and Dr. Methven looks forward to the great help which will be given by the special institution recommended by Dr. Norwood East and Dr. de B. Hubert in their renort of 1939, when it is provided.Among recidivist prisoners transferred from Parkhurst
Abstract P392: Exome Sequencing From Extreme Responders to Aspirin Identifies a Novel Variant Associated With Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Joshua Backman, Baitang Ning, Wensheng Lou, James Perry, Leming Shi, Alan Shuldiner, Laura Yerges-Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Platelet dysregulation is integral in the formation of thrombi, and abnormal thrombus formation may ultimately lead to myocardial infarctions or stroke. Thus platelets, and more specifically platelet activation and aggregation pathways, are prime targets for intervention. Aspirin or Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy with Aspirin and Clopidogrel (DAPT) is often prescribed for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, however, these treatments often fail to significantly reduce thrombi formation in a large percentage of patients. Recent studies indicate that platelet aggregation response is highly heritable. To identify novel variants that may have a significant impact on platelet aggregation, we conducted whole exome sequencing and follow-up DNA genotyping on a cohort of Old Order Amish subjects with well tracked family histories and platelet response phenotypes. 30 individuals from the extremes of collagen-mediated platelet aggregation response to aspirin were analyzed to identify variants enriched in the high or low responders. One of the top hits in this analysis was rs17834991, a synonymous variant in the SVIL gene enriched in the high aspirin response group that has not previously been associated with platelet aggregation. The SVIL gene encodes two proteins: a muscle-specific isoform, Archvillin, as well as a ubiquitous form, Supervillin, that is expressed in platelets. In a previous study, mutations in SVIL were found to be associated with inhibition of platelet aggregation under shear stress conditions. To follow up our initial findings, we genotyped rs17834991 in 851 healthy Amish individuals with platelet aggregation measured before and after a two-week 81mg/day Aspirin intervention from our HAPI dataset. An additional 661 Amish subjects with platelet aggregation measured before and after 1 week of Clopidogrel treatment, and following one 81mg dose of Aspirin plus Clopidogrel from our PAPI cohort were genotyped. We then conducted a multivariable linear regression controlling for age, sex, BMI, and two known effectors of platelet aggregation: CYP2C19*2 and rs12041331. Our findings indicate that rs17834991 is significantly associated with change in collagen-mediated aggregation with aspirin in whole blood (p=4.8x10-4), as well as lag time until maximum aggregation with collagen post aspirin (1.6x10-3) in whole blood. Additional associations were identified with collagen mediated aggregation in PRP, the strongest being change in lag time in post DAPT vs post Clopidogrel-alone samples (6.59x10-5). These findings suggest that SVIL variant rs17834991 significantly alters platelet response following Aspirin and DAPT treatment. Taken with previous findings, SVIL may not only play a role in platelet function but may also impact anti-platelet intervention. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its potential impact on cardiovascular disease.
Ecstasy Experts Want Realistic Messages
Authors: B Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Standards in Dermatologic Imaging
Authors: Ashfaq A. Marghoob
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
High priority for hepatitis C screening in safety net hospitals: Results from a prospective cohort of 4582 hospitalized baby boomers
Authors: Barbara J. Turner, Barbara S. Taylor, Joshua Hanson, Yuanyuan Liang, Poornachand Veerapaneni, Roberto Villarreal, Mary Perez, Ludivina Hernandez, Jasdeep Sandhu, Kristin Fiebelkorn
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Low‐income populations are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thus, implementing baby boomer screening (born 1945‐1965) for HCV may be a high priority for safety net hospitals. We report the prevalence and predictors of HCV infection and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis based on the Fibrosis‐4 score plus imaging for a baby boomer cohort admitted to a safety net hospital over a 21‐month interval with &gt;9 months of follow‐up. Anti‐HCV antibody testing was performed for 4582, or 90%, of all never‐screened patients, of whom 312 (6.7%) tested positive. Adjusted odds ratios of testing anti‐HCV‐positive were 2.66 for men versus women ( P &lt; 0.001), 1.25 for uninsured versus insured ( P = 0.06), 0.70 for Hispanics versus non‐Hispanic whites ( P = 0.005), and 0.93 per year of age ( P &lt; 0.001). Among 287 patients tested for HCV RNA (91% of all anti‐HCV‐positive cases), 175 (61%) were viremic (3.8% overall prevalence in cohort), which was 5% less likely per year of age ( P &lt; 0.03). Noninvasive staging of 148 (84.6%) chronic HCV patients identified advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in 50 (33.8%), with higher adjusted odds ratios of 3.21 for Hispanics versus non‐Hispanic whites/Asians ( P = 0.02) and 1.18 per year of age ( P = 0.001). Other factors associated with significantly higher adjusted odds ratios of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis were alcohol abuse/dependence, obesity, and being uninsured. Conclusion : In this low‐income, hospitalized cohort, 4% of 4582 screened baby boomers were diagnosed with chronic HCV, nearly twice the rate in the community; one‐third had noninvasive testing that indicated advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, which was significantly more likely for Hispanics, those of older age, those with obesity, those with alcohol abuse/dependence, and those who lacked insurance. (H epatology 2015;62:1388–1395)
Abstract 97: CARM1 preferentially methylates H3R17 over H3R26 through a random kinetic mechanism
Authors: Suzanne L. Jacques, Katrina P. Aquino, Jodi Gureasko, P Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Robert A. Copeland, Thomas V. Riera
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract CARM1 (PRMT4) is a type I arginine methyltransferase involved in the regulation of transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response. Overexpression of CARM1 has been implicated in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Since CARM1 appears to be a good target for the development of therapies against these cancers, we studied the substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of the full-length human enzyme. CARM1 has been shown to methylate both residues R17 and R26 of histone H3. Substrate specificity was examined by testing CARM1 activity with several H3-based peptide substrates using a radiometric assay. Comparison of kcat/KM values reveal that methylation of H3R17 is preferred over H3R26. An R17/R26K peptide produced 8-fold greater kcat/KM value compared to the corresponding R17K/R26 peptide. These effects are KM-driven as kcat values remain relatively constant for the peptides tested. Shortening the peptide at the C-terminus by 5 amino acid residues greatly reduced the specificity (16-24-fold), demonstrating the contribution of distal residues to substrate binding. In contrast, adding residues to the N-terminus of the shortened peptide had a negative effect on activity. CARM1 displays little preference for monomethylated over unmethylated H3R17 (2-5-fold by kcat/KM) suggesting that it operates through a distributive mechanism. Previous crystallographic studies with mouse CARM1 showed that part of the substrate binding groove was formed by cofactor binding, thereby suggesting an ordered kinetic mechanism (Yue et al., EMBO J., 2007). Our results from dead-end and product inhibition studies performed with human CARM1, however, are consistent with a random kinetic mechanism. SAH and sinefungin demonstrate competitive inhibition with respect to SAM and produced noncompetitive inhibition patterns with respect to peptide. Both dimethylated R17 product peptide and dead-end R17K peptide exhibited noncompetitive inhibition patterns with respect to SAM. Furthermore, binding of SAM and peptide substrates were shown to be independent of each other in initial velocity experiments where both substrates were varied. Together, these results elucidate the kinetic mechanism of CARM1 and highlight elements important for binding affinity. Citation Format: Suzanne L. Jacques, Katrina P. Aquino, Jodi Gureasko, P Ann Boriack-Sjodin, Robert A. Copeland, Thomas V. Riera. CARM1 preferentially methylates H3R17 over H3R26 through a random kinetic mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 97. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-97
Abstract P343: Racial Differences In The Progression Of Carotid Intima-media Thickness In Middle-aged Men-the Era Jump Study
Authors: Vasudha Ahuja, Emma J Barinas-Mitchell, Todd B Seto, Rhobert Evans, Aya Kadota, Samar R El Khoudary, Akira Fujiyoshi, Abhishek Vishnu, Katsuyuki Miura, Bradley J Willcox, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Kamal Masaki, Lewis H Kuller, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. A few studies have examined the racial differences in IMT progression. We aimed to study the racial differences in IMT progression over 4-6 years among middle-aged Caucasian, African and Japanese American men. Methods: Population-based samples of 393 men (Caucasian=199, African Americans=39, Japanese Americans=155; aged 40-49 years at baseline) free of clinical cardiovascular disease and not on lipid lowering, anti-diabetic or anti-hypertension medications at baseline were examined for IMT at two time points (baseline (2004-07) and follow-up (2008-13). Measurements of IMT were standardized and performed by University of Pittsburgh. Progression of IMT was defined as (follow-up IMT [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8211;]] baseline IMT)/duration of follow-up (years). Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (Table). Results: In the unadjusted analyses, IMT progression was significantly associated with age and race, and marginally significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and diabetes. The progression rate of IMT (mean ± SE) was the highest in Japanese American (16 ± 1.2μm/year) compared with Caucasian (10.3 ± 1.0μm/year; P &lt; 0.01) and African American men (3 ± 2μm/year; P &lt; 0.01). In the adjusted analyses, age and race remained significantly associated with IMT progression. Japanese Americans progressed significantly faster than Caucasians. African Americans progressed slower than Caucasians but this difference was not significant. Diabetes was marginally significantly associated with IMT progression. Conclusions: Age and race are the major determinants of IMT progression in these middle-aged men. Racial differences in progression are prominent with fastest progression in Japanese Americans.
Abstract 18991: Salt Taste Detection and Recognition Thresholds - Reliability of a Rapid Sensory Analysis Method
Authors: Jean-François Giguère, Maria-Cecilia Gallani, Michel Doré, Alexandra Proulx Bellhumeur
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Excessive sodium intake is clearly and independently associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The salt taste sensitivity is closely related to hedonic aspects of nutrition, and this is an important individual factor contributing to the nutritional behavior of salt intake. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an adapted-sensory analysis method for rapid determination of salt taste Detection Threshold (DT - the minimum concentration necessary to detect the stimulus) and Recognition Threshold (RT - the minimum concentration necessary to recognize the salty stimulus). Methods: The temporal stability of a rapid sensory analysis based on the 3-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) method (ASTM E679) was tested with 30 adult volunteers. DT and RT for salt were determined using a 15 series of ascending concentrations of salt (from 1 to 290 mM; 1,5-fold steps). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test the agreement between the results of the test-retest (1-week interval). For the analysis, the threshold values were log-transformed. Results: The average time of the trial per participant was 16.7 minutes. Standard deviation on log-transformed DT and RT values quite were variable among subjects. Means for both DT and RT were lower in the retest: 2,99 mM (test) vs. 2,41 mM (retest) for DT; and 19,04 mM (test) vs. 13,76 mM (retest) for RT. However, the test-retest results for both thresholds were reasonably in agreement, as confirmed by the ICCs observed: 0.599 (CI95%; 0,157 - 0,809) and 0.783 (CI95%; 0,545 - 0,897) for DT and RT, respectively. Conclusions: The sensory analysis method used in this study exhibited evidence of temporal stability, thus of a reliable measure. This observation and the fact of being fast and simple to perform for both experimenter and participant, reinforce its suitability for the determination of salt taste thresholds in studies involving large numbers of subjects. Linking between taste sensitivity to salt consumption and some clinical characteristics such as obesity and visceral fat, may help to understand the mutual influence of these variables, and suggest appropriate interventions to reduce salt intake among individuals at higher cardiovascular risk.
Correlations of estrogen receptor (ER) related genomic transcription and ER gene expression with increasing AJCC stage of ER-positive breast cancer
Authors: E. Andreopoulou, C. Hatzis, D. Booser, V. Valero, M. J. Wallace, C. Sotiriou, G. Hortobagyi, L. Pusztai, W. Symmans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1044 Background: Advanced stages of ER-positive breast cancer may have decreased tumor dependence on estrogen, possibly due to biological selection and/or progression. The sensitivity to endocrine therapy (SET) index measures transcriptional activity of the ER genomic pathway (165 ER-related genes). We investigated whether expression of genes for receptors ER (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), or HER-2 (ERBB2), the SET index, or a housekeeper gene (GAPDH) vary by stage of ER-positive breast cancer. Methods: We evaluated gene expression profiles (Affymetrix U133 microarrays, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) from 956 patients’ clinical samples of ER-positive breast cancer, including 290 new samples profiled at MDACC and 666 samples from published datasets. Microarray data were uniformly normalized, log-transformed, and expression levels for single genes and the SET index were compared to pathologic AJCC stage (315 patients were stage I, 362 stage IIA, 151 stage IIB, 29 stage III, 27 stage IV at initial presentation, and 72 stage IV previously treated and/or at relapse) using a median ordered regression analysis (p &lt; 0.05 was significant). Results: SET index significantly decreased with advancing pathologic stage (p &lt; 0.001), and PGR expression levels showed a similar, but lesser, effect (p = 0.014). However, expression levels of ESR1 and ERBB2 did not vary by stage. Overall, GAPDH gene expression increased with stage (p &lt; 0.001), but that effect was only observed in stages III and IV. Expression of these genes was not significantly different between stage IV disease at initial presentation or at relapse. Conclusions: Expression levels of ESR1 and ERBB2 receptor genes did not vary, but ER-related genomic transcription (SET index and, to a lesser extent, PGR) declined significantly with increasing pathologic stage. This suggests that ER-positive breast cancer tends to have less transcriptional dependence on estrogen with increasing pathologic stage. The observed increase in expression of GAPDH in stages III and IV might reflect higher metabolic activity in advanced ER-positive breast cancer and deserves further study. [Table: see text]
Nuclear localization of GDF5 is mediated by a bipartite nuclear localization signal
Authors: J. Jensen, Daniel Sperry, Jonathan Hansen, Richard Davis, Jenny Felin, Laura Bridgewater
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3757  Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF5, also known as cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1 (CDMP1) and bone morphogenetic protein-14 (BMP14)) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. GDF5 has been found to play a crucial role in skeletal morphogenesis and in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation. GDF5 has generally been characterized as an extracellular signaling protein that binds to receptors and induces a SMAD-mediated cellular response. Immunohistochemical staining, however, revealed that GDF5 is also detectable in the nuclei of RCS cells. Analysis of the GDF5 proprotein sequence using PSORTII protein localization predictor (http://psort.nibb.ac.jp/form2.html) predicted four nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in the GDF5 primary sequence, three in the propeptide region and one, a bipartite NLS, overlapping the site of proteolytic cleavage. Each NLS was fused to the C-terminus of GFP to see if it could direct nuclear localization. Of the four predicted NLS sequences, only the bipartite signal directed nuclear localization in rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells. When a GFP tag was fused to the C-terminus of full-length GDF5, the GDF5/GFP fusion protein was localized in a spotted pattern throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of RCS cells. The presence of GDF5/GFP in the nucleus indicates that the bipartite NLS is functional in the context of the full-length GDF5 proprotein. Because the bipartite NLS overlaps the site of proteolytic cleavage, protein processing would inactivate the NLS. Preliminary results suggest that the nuclear variant of GDF5 is translated from an alternative start codon that eliminates the N-terminal sigmal peptide, causing the protein to be translated in the cytoplasm rather than the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein thereby avoids processing and secretion, and is instead translocated to the nucleus.
Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase
Authors: Hideki Shimura, Nobutaka Hattori, Shin-ichiro Kubo, Yoshikuni Mizuno, Shuichi Asakawa, Shinsei Minoshima, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Kazuhiro Iwai, Tomoki Chiba, Keiji Tanaka, Toshiaki Suzuki
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)