tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DIATHERMY
Authors: Carl A. L. Binger, Ronald V. Christie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Experimental evidence is furnished to show that in normal animals the rectal temperature can be elevated by the passage of high frequency currents. 2. During life the intraabdominal and intrathoracic temperatures can be increased only slightly above the rectal temperature. 3. The lung temperature in the anesthetized dog normally lies 0.3-0.4 degrees C. below the rectal temperature. During the passage of diathermy currents of strengths equivalent to those used in therapy this relationship is reversed-the lung temperature exceeding the rectal temperature by about the same value. 4. Immediately after death, the temperature rises abruptly in the deep tissues between the electrodes. 5. For the measurement of deep temperature special thermocouples have been devised. Their method of preparation and mode of use are described.
Enhanced in vivo selection of bone marrow cells by retroviral-mediated coexpression of mutant O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and HOXB4
Authors: Michael D. Milsom, Lorna B. Woolford, Geoffrey P. Margison, R. Keith Humphries, Leslie J. Fairbairn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

To attain therapeutic levels of gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells, it may be necessary in the majority of disorders to provide an in vivo selective advantage that facilitates the expansion of their numbers. A popular strategy to achieve in vivo selection has been to employ drug selection while coexpressing a transgene that conveys chemoresistance, such as O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). An alternate approach is to confer an enhanced proliferative potential upon gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells through the delivery of the homeobox transcription factor HOXB4. By developing a novel tricistronic retroviral vector, we have facilitated the simultaneous coexpression of a mutant version of MGMT and HOXB4 in retrovirally transduced bone marrow. Using an in vivo competitive repopulation assay, we demonstrate that primary bone marrow cells containing this construct show enhanced reconstitution following transplant and improved selection subsequent to chemotherapeutic challenge in comparison to cells expressing either HOXB4 or MGMT alone. This selection advantage was evident even when HOXB4/MGMT-coexpressing cells were infused along with a large excess of unmodified cells. We propose that this selection cassette may facilitate the in vivo expansion of gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells at a level in excess of previous strategies.
Homozygous<i>BUB1B</i>Mutation and Susceptibility to Gastrointestinal Neoplasia
Authors: Thomas Rio Frio, Josée Lavoie, Nancy Hamel, Felipe C. Geyer, Yaël B. Kushner, David J. Novak, Landon Wark, Cristian Capelli, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Sabine Mai, Tomi Pastinen, Marc D. Tischkowitz, Victoria A. Marcus, William D. Foulkes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A patient received a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater at 34 years of age. Two decades later, adenomatous polyps were found, followed by multiple primary invasive adenocarcinomas of both the colon and the stomach. Premature chromatid separation and mosaic variegated aneuploidy, combined with structural chromosomal abnormalities, were detected in his cells. We identified a germline homozygous intronic mutation, c.2386-11A→G, in the spindle-assembly checkpoint gene BUB1B, which creates a de novo splice site that is favored over the authentic (i.e., preferentially used) site. Our findings expand the phenotype associated with BUB1B mutations and the mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome to include common adult-onset cancers and provide evidence for the interdependency of the APC protein (encoded by the adenomatous polyposis coli gene) and the BUBR1 protein (encoded by BUB1B) in humans. (Funded by the Turner Family Cancer Research Fund and others.).
Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: H. T. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MEDBCRAILTOUNAL 191 any given case; indeed, it would seem that it is practically impossible to say that a man, or for that matter a woman, is sterile until he or she has died without issue.For the majority of semen examinations I am indebted to Dr. C. V. Harrison and his staff in the Department of Pathology in the University of Liverpool, who at all times, and often at great inconvenience to themselves, co-operated willingly and gave valuable help.
Cholesterol Nucleation and Growth in Gallstone Formation
Authors: Donald M. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Cholesterol gallstones are composed of crystalline cholesterol monohydrate and are formed from cholesterol dissolved in bile; thus, cholesterol monohydrate crystallization is a prerequisite for cholesterol-gallstone formation. This relation has been documented in the past and is further substantiated by Sedaghat and Grundy in this issue of the Journal. There are five stages in the formation of symptomatic cholesterol-gallstone disease,1 , 2 and each is a prerequisite for the next. At first there is a genetic and metabolic stage, in which the genetic propensity or metabolic abnormality that can lead to production of supersaturated bile is present but not yet manifest. Secondly, . . .
Plasma Lipids and Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Undernourished Diabetic Subjects and Adults with Protein Energy Malnutrition
Authors: Sidhartha Das, Bibhuti B Tripathy, Kshitish C Samal, Nimai C Panda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Estimation of triglycerides (Tg), total cholesterol (Tc), HDLs, LDLc, and VLDLc was carried out in 46 undernourished diabetic subjects (UND); 21 untreated and 25 on insulin; 44 well-nourished diabetic subjects (WND); 22 untreated and 22 on insulin; together with 25 patients with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and 25 healthy controls less than 50 yr of age. Compared with controls, in the untreated diabetic subjects Tg, Tc, LDLc, and VLDLc were significantly higher in both classes, while HDLc was lower only in WND. Among the treated diabetic subjects, Tg were higher in WND, LDLc lower in UND, and VLDLc higher in both. With regard to relative distribution of cholesterol in the untreated patients, HDLc/Tc was lower in WND, but this was not so in UND. HDLc/Tc was higher in treated UND. Between undernourished and well-nourished groups of diabetic subjects in the untreated patients, HDLc was significantly higher and LDLc lower in the former. Both Tc and LDLc were lower in UND on insulin compared with WND. HDLc/Tc was higher and LDLc/Tc lower in both untreated and treated UND. In adults with PEM, mean values of Tg, Tc, and LDLc were much lower than in controls, as well as in both groups of UND. On the other hand, values of HDLc/Tc were higher and LDLc/Tc lower in PEM compared with controls, but this was not so for treated UND. It is evident from the results of this study that the undernourished have lower levels of plasma lipids and a favorable distribution of cholesterol among the lipid fractions from the point of view of vulnerability to development of atherosclerosis.
BACH2 mediates negative selection and p53-dependent tumor suppression at the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint
Authors: Srividya Swaminathan, Chuanxin Huang, Huimin Geng, Zhengshan Chen, Richard Harvey, Huining Kang, Carina Ng, Björn Titz, Christian Hurtz, Mohammed Firas Sadiyah, Daniel Nowak, Gabriela B Thoennissen, Vikki Rand, Thomas G Graeber, H Phillip Koeffler, William L Carroll, Cheryl L Willman, Andrew G Hall, Kazuhiko Igarashi, Ari Melnick, Markus Müschen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
A theranostic prodrug delivery system based on Pt(IV) conjugated nano-graphene oxide with synergistic effect to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Pt drug
Authors: Jingwen Li, Zhonglin Lyv, Yanli Li, Huan Liu, Jinkui Wang, Wenjun Zhan, Hong Chen, Huabing Chen, Xinming Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
American Medicine in Hawaii, 1820–1959
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

HAWAII'S first contact with American medicine was in 1820, when Dr. Thomas Holman, of Cooperstown, New York, arrived on the brig Thaddens as a member of the First Company of missionaries. His story, and that of his eight successors—all New Englanders — is recounted in detail elsewhere.1 In 1856, ka palapala noi a Hillebrand ma, aiwa lakou, he poe Kahuna lakou, — "the petition of Hillebrand and nine others, medical men," — for a charter of incorporation as the Hawaiian Medical Society, was granted by the privy council of His Hawaiian Majesty Alexander Liholiho, Kamehameha IV.2 Under this charter, . . .
Potassium-losing Pyelonephritis
Authors: R. D. Eastham, M. McElligott
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDICAL JOURNAL93 brand A, all of 77 brand B, 6 of 10 brand C, and 1 of 3 brand F powders), and, while no precise conclusion can be drawn, these findings do suggest that the proportion of Sheffield infants to-day receiving mercury powders is nearer to one-tenth than the one-quarter surmised for the 1946-8 period.As regards medical prescribing of mercury no data are available by which to compare the position in 1946-8 with that to-day, but there can be little doubt that it also is much reduced.Thus the chairman and secretary of the Sheffield Pharmaceutical Committees recall that seven years ago they would expect to see three or four prescriptions for calomel or grey powder each week, whereas it is now many months since either of them saw the last.Their colleagues speak in similar terms, and almost all the family doctors with whom the matter has been discussed say that they have stopped prescribing mercury for infants.
Acute hypertension after the local injection of kainic acid into the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats.
Authors: W T Talman, M H Perrone, D J Reis
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Kainic acid (KA), an analogue of L-glutamate, was microinjected in 0.1 microliter of saline into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of adult rats. In rats anesthetized with halothane or alpha-chloralose, KA injected unilaterally elicited hypotension, bradycardia, and apnea. The threshold dose was 0.1-0.2 ng (10(-13) mol). Doses greater than 0.2 ng blocked responses to subsequent injections for at least 30 minutes. Doses of KA greater than 15 ng reduced the reflex bradycardia elicited by raising the arterial pressure with phenylephrine and produced arterial hypertension in rats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose or in other rats within 15 minutes of terminating halothane anesthesia. Bilateral injection of KA in doses greater than 15 ng completely blocked baroreflexes and resulted in a dose-dependent elevation of arterial pressure (167 +/- 9.4; P less than 0.001) both in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats and in awake rats after the termination of halothane anesthesia. The hypertension rapidly led to pulmonary edema and death. Procaine microinjected also elicited fulminating hypertension; vehicle did not. Doses of KA producing hypertension caused no histological or biochemical evidence of neuronal death. The cardiovascular responses to KA were restricted to sites in the intermediate one-third of NTS and could not be elicited by injection into adjacent sites in brainstem. The results indicate that, in low doses, KA injected into NTS stimulates neurons which mediate the baroreflex, whereas, in higher doses, it produces baroreflex blockade and neurogenic hypertension. The results suggest that fulminating hypertension can be produced by nondestructive perturbations of neurochemical transmission in brain. Since the cardiovascular responses of KA are similar to those produced by microinjection into NTS of the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamic acid, the study adds further support to the hypothesis that L-glutamate is the neurotransmitter released by baroreceptor afferent nerves.
Demineralized bone matrix as a template for mineral-organic composites
Authors: W.R. Walsh, D.L. Christiansen
Journal: Biomaterials (1995)

Mineralizing biological tissues are complex bioceramic-biopolymer composites engineered for a variety of functions. The organic and inorganic constituents, morphology, location, orientation, crystallinity and interactions exhibit materials of extremely fine microstructure, unique mechanical and physical properties with high strength and fracture toughness compared to the individual constituents. An understanding of mineralization, ultrastructural organization and interfacial bonding forces in mineralizing biological composite tissues, such as bone, may provide new strategies and techniques for the production of a novel class of man-made organic-ceramic composites. The present study explores the use of the organic matrix remaining after removal of the mineral phase by chelation with EDTA or solubilizing in HCl as a template for mineral deposition and the production of mineral-organic composites. Different pH conditions are employed to alter the inorganic phase which is deposited within the organic matrix. Mechanical testing and ultrastructural evaluations are carried out for characterization.
The shaken infant syndrome
Authors: H. Carty, J. Ratcliffe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In children less than 1 year, non-accidental injury is the commonest cause of serious head injury1—much of it resulting from shaking and impact. Last week saw the launch of a leaflet, “Handle with Care,” produced by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Department of Health, in response to increasing professional concern over the dangers of shaking babies.

John Caffey first drew attention to the association of fractures of the long bones and subdural haematomas, and he implicated whiplash injury as the cause of the intracranial trauma.2 It is accepted that shaking alone can cause the brain damage,3 and it is now recognised that the infant's head also undergoes rotational forces as well as whiplashing during shaking.4 Injuries may result from single or multiple episodes of shaking.

The severity of the shaking force is such that shaking injuries cannot occur in any form of playful activity (as Caffey originally suggested2). A recent description of the act of shaking states that it is so violent that neutral observers would recognise it as dangerous.5

The clinical presentation of a shaking …
NI-70 * STEREOTACTIC BIOPSY WITH AND WITHOUT INTRAOPERATIVE MRI
Authors: M. Smith-Cohn, J. Chabot, M. Schulder
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative magnetic imaging (iMRI) has been described as a useful adjunct for stereotactic brain biopsy, however, there is limited data demonstrating how this technology performs compared to biopsies done without intraoperative imaging. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of stereotactic biopsies done with "conventional frameless stereotaxy" with those done using iMRI guidance. METHODS: A retrospective review of 93 frameless stereotactic brain biopsies from 91 patients was done. 21 cases had surgery with iMRI (PoleStar N20, Medtronic Surgical Technologies) and in 72 cases the StealthStation (Medtronic) was used. We analyzed the surgery time, lesion cross sectional area, and diagnostic yield of biopsies. RESULTS: All but one patient in the iMRI group had a diagnosis made by biopsy. The one exception was in a patient who received steroids before surgery, and in whom lesion reduction raised suspicion for lymphoma. Of biopsies performed without iMRI, 6 out of 72 patients (8.3%) did not get a diagnosis (in 3 because of inadequate sample size). These results approached significance (P = 0.58). There was 1 mortality from an iMRI biopsy case, however the iMRI itself was not utilized in this case to confirm cannula placement due to contact of the cannula with the gantry. Use of iMRI for biopsies resulted in longer surgery times compared to cases without its use; median times of 1.83 and 1.2 hours were found respectively (P < 0.001). Another consideration in our experience is that iMRI guided biopsies generally were smaller lesions with a median axial cross-sectional area of 7.8 cm, where cases without iMRI had a median axial cross-sectional area of 9.36 cm. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic biopsy with iMRI is more likely to yield a diagnosis than surgery done without iMRI. The extra time required - slightly over a half hour - is justified by this improved yield.
Twenty-Four-Hour Serum Amylase Predicting Pancreatic Reaction After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: P. A. Testoni, S. Caporuscio, F. Bagnolo, F. Lella
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Acute pancreatitis is still the most common complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to detect the time when the peak of serum amylase was predictive for postprocedure pancreatitis or long-lasting severe hyperamylasemia, in order to plan the follow-up of patients.Serum amylase activity was measured in a prospective series of 409 consecutive patients after ES, immediately before ES and two, four, eight and 24 hours thereafter; the two, four and eight-hour data were compared with those at 24 hours and with the outcome. Evaluation was done separately for the 198 cases with pancreatic duct opacification and for the 202 cases at high risk for postprocedure pancreatitis.Twenty-four hours after ES, amylase was still more than five times the upper normal limit in 26 patients, associated with pancreatic-like pain in 19 of them (mild/moderate pancreatitis) and asymptomatic in the remaining seven (long-lasting severe hyperamylasemia). There was a significant difference at all sampling times between the 26 patients with 24-hour severe hyperamylasemia and those with the lower level. Although the sensitivity of amylase measurement in detecting pancreatitis was highest at eight hours, in practice the four-hour assessment appears a reliable predictor. Almost all patients with serum amylase levels more than five times the upper normal limit at four, eight and 24 hours had had pancreatic duct opacification. In contrast, patient-related risk factors for postprocedure pancreatitis did not play a significant role in the present series.Serum amylase assessment four hours after ES is a reliable, cost-effective follow-up and minimizes the likelihood of underestimating the risk of post-procedure pancreatic reaction. It should be recommended particularly in out-patients and when pancreatic duct opacification has occurred.
Children are likely to need two doses of swine flu vaccine
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Children are likely to need two doses of H1N1 influenza vaccine to achieve a full immune response, while most adults will need just one, the director of immunisation at the Department of Health has said.

Speaking at a briefing to announce that the estimated number of new cases of swine flu in England has almost doubled over the past week to 9000, David Salisbury said, “The data we have seen so far in healthy adults using one dose of vaccine is encouraging.” But he added that the data for paediatric doses was not so promising and that for children and some groups of adults two doses of …
Auscultatory and Phonocardiographic Signs of Ventricular Septal Defect with Left-to-Right Shunt
Authors: AUBREY LEATHAM, BERNARD SEGAL
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Ventricular septal defect with low pulmonary vascular resistance and left-to-right shunt is well known to be closely associated with a pansystolic murmur caused by the regurgitant shunt of blood at high velocity across the defect. With very high flows a pulmonary ejection murmur is superimposed on the pansystolic murmur and is occasionally the only systolic murmur if the ventricular septal defect is so large that the velocity of the shunt is small. In two patients thought to have small ventricular septal defects the shunt murmur was confined to early systole, probably because the defect was in the muscular septum and was closed by systolic contraction of the ventricle. The second heart sound is abnormally widely split in the majority of patients, even with small defects. The mechanism is difficult to elucidate but there appears to be slight shortening of the left ventricular isometric time (early A 2 ) and delay in contraction of the right ventricle (late P 2 ). The splitting of the second sound is a useful way of differentiating the large defects with left-to-right shunt from the Eisenmenger group of large defects with equal pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances and a loud single second sound. The auscultatory differential diagnosis of ventricular septal defect is discussed.
In-111 Pentetreotide Uptake in a Uterine Myoma
Authors: Luisa M. Mena, Francisco Martín, Ignacio Jiménez, Amadora Ramos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a week-long epigastric pain, that did not resolve with ordinary treatment. Blood and urinary test were performed and the 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid was elevated in the urine. There was suspicion of a carcinoid tumor. In-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan) scan and computed tomography (CT) were performed. On the Octreoscan study we visualized hypogastric uptake that correlated with the CT image that showed a partially calcified uterine myoma. The diagnostic use of In-111 pentetreotide is for the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors, but uptake has been demonstrated in different cell elements such as lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelium.
Abstract P1-05-08: Targeting integrin signaling suppresses invasive recurrence in a three-dimensional model of radiation treated ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: J-M Nam, KM Ahmed, S Costes, H Zhang, H Sabe, H Shirato, CC Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) is comprised of cancerous cells that are contained within the milk duct and separated from the stroma by a basement membrane. Akt activation is implicated in breast cancer progression and also upregulated in ∼30% of DCIS lesions. We have previously shown that β1-integrin inhibition enhanced the efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR) in invasive breast cancer, via an Akt-mediated effect. Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat DCIS, resulting in a decrease in recurrence risk by ∼50%. However, DCIS still recurs in a substantial number of patients, and as invasive disease half of the time. This study aimed to identify the effects of IR on Akt-driven DCIS, and possible mechanisms underlying invasive progression in surviving cells. Materials and Methods: To model DCIS, we took advantage of the ability of non-invasive mammary epithelial cells, MCF10A that form duct-like structures in 3-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (3D lrECM), and overexpressed an activated myristoylated form of the serine/threonine kinase, Akt. The 3D lrECM cultured MCF10A-Akt cells show filled lumen and retained basal polarity, characteristic of DCIS lesions in vivo. After DCIS structures formed in 3D lrECM, cultures were exposed to 8 Gy IR. Confocal microscopy analysis, western blot analysis, matrigel chemoinvasion assay and matix degradation assay were performed to characterize the IR effect on luminal or basal cells of the DCIS like structures. Results: MCF10A-Akt structures post-8 Gy IR shows a significant increase in apoptosis measured by cleaved caspase-3 (n = 3, P &amp;lt; 0.05). When we propagated cells post-IR in 3D lrECM, an invasive phenotype emerged in a sub-population of survivors (n = 3, P &amp;lt; 0.01). We also confirmed that inhibitory antibodies to β1-integrin suppressed the invasive phenotype that was induced by 8 Gy IR. In addition to this, invasion activity emerged by 8 Gy IR was inhibited by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inhibitor JSH-23 (n = 3, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Finally, inhibition of β1-integrins or NF-κB translocation completely suppresses the formation of invasive colonies. Discussion: In present study, we found that inhibition of β1-integrins abrogates the emergence of an invasive phenotype among surviving clones. Our current data suggest that regulation of β1-integrin signaling via NF-κB plays an important role in the emergence of invasive disease after radiation, and may be an important clinical target. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-08.