tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis in France
Authors: MARIE FLAMENT-SAILLOUR, JÉRÔME ROBERT, VINCENT JARLIER, JACQUES GROSSET
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The factors related to the outcome of 51 cases of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) reported in 1994 to the French National Reference Center were retrospectively analyzed. The patients (median age, 45 yr) were mainly male (75%), foreign-born (63%), and had pulmonary involvement (95%). Sixteen percent were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected. The number of drugs to which the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were susceptible was four. Only 82% of the patients have been hospitalized at any time (median duration, 33 d). Five patients (9%) received no antituberculosis drugs, although three had drug susceptibility results, indicating that two or more active drugs were available; 46 (91%) received drugs, including 37 who received two or more active drugs. Among the nine cases who received only one active drug, three had drug susceptibility results, indicating that two or more active drugs were available. By December 1996, 10 patients were lost before treatment completion, 24 had treatment failure, and 17 had a favorable outcome. The median survival time was 31 mo. Factors related to a poorer outcome were HIV-coinfection (hazard ratio [HR] = 41), treatment with less than two active drugs (HR = 9.9), and MDR status knowledge at the time of diagnosis (HR = 3.3). The country of birth was not associated with a poorer outcome. The management and outcome of MDR-TB in France has to be improved. A solution would be to develop a specialized unit or team for the treatment of MDR-TB, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Ciprofloxacin-resistant, CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli ST131 clone in extraintestinal infections in Italy
Authors: M. Cerquetti, M. Giufrè, A. García-Fernández, M. Accogli, D. Fortini, I. Luzzi, A. Carattoli
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Over the Counter Drugs: The interface between self medication and the NHS
Authors: D H. V Thomas, P. R Noyce
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Cost and convenience seem to be major factors in determining whether, given the choice, patients purchase a medicine over the counter or obtain it on prescription. With current arrangements, exemption from prescription charges provides an incentive to continue to obtain products on NHS prescription even when they are available over the counter. There is therefore no simple relation between the availability of over the counter medicines and the level of prescribing of deregulated products. The appropriate use of over the counter medicines--particularly those that have only recently been deregulated--places a burden of care on community pharmacists and calls for closer working relationships with general practitioners. In particular, systems for referral and for recording details of both prescribed and over the counter medicines need to be developed, and a direct route needs to be established for community pharmacists to report adverse drug reactions to over the counter products.
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Recommendations on Triage of Patients to Heart Attack Centers
Authors: Timothy D. Henry, James M. Atkins, Michael S. Cunningham, Gary S. Francis, William J. Groh, Robert A. Hong, Karl B. Kern, David M. Larson, Erik Magnus Ohman, Joseph P. Ornato, Mary Ann Peberdy, Michael J. Rosenberg, W. Douglas Weaver
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Effect on prevention of readmissions of a home-based education and exercise program implemented early after a severe exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Roser Coll-Fernandez, Natalia Martínez, Maribel Arranz, Hèctor Prados, Xavier Pomares, Amalia Moreno, Montserrat Teixidó, Francisco Epelde, Fernanda Caballero, Eduard Monsó
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) represent a major health burden and the impact of early education and rehabilitation programs on readmission after an exacerbation are open to debate.

Objectives:To assess the effect of a two-month, home program (HP) based on education and exercise,implemented just after a severe exacerbations of COPD,on future hospital admissions and number of outpatients visits.

Methods: Following a case-control design,COPD patients who had just undergone treatment of an acute exacerbation were enrolled on to a multidisciplinary intervention HP that included education sessions and exercise training from the second day after discharge (I group), for a period of 8 weeks, and were compared with a non-intervention group which received usual care (UC group).Primary outcome was the rate of severe exacerbations and secondary outcome outpatients visits during a 6-month follow-up period.

Results: 10 patients underwent the program and 12 patients were included in the control group (I group mean [SD] age 72[7] years and FEV1after bronchodilator 43[11]% predicted; UC group 72[5] years, 45[17]% predicted, ns).7 patients were readmitted to hospital with an exacerbation in the UC group (58%) and 1 in the I group (10%)(p<0.05).The difference in the number of outpatients visits in both groups was not statistically significant (I group 1[IQR 0-2];UC group 0[IQR 0-1],ns).

Conclusions: A post-exacerbation multidisciplinary HP in COPD may reduce re-exacerbation events that require admission over a 6-month period, without a significant increase in the number of outpatient visits.
THE LOBULAR PATTERN OF THE SKIN..
Authors: NIMR A. TUQAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article THE LOBULAR PATTERN OF THE SKIN.: AN APPROACH TO THE HISTOLOGICAL INTERPRATATION LESIONS Get access NIMR A. TUQAN, M.D. NIMR A. TUQAN, M.D. Late Associate Professor of Pathology, American University of Beirut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 7, 1 July 1964, Pages 322–329, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14537.x Published: 01 July 1964
Severe atypical neuropathy associated with administration of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors and vincristine.
Authors: M Weintraub, M A Adde, D J Venzon, A T Shad, I D Horak, J E Neely, N L Seibel, J Gootenberg, C Arndt, M L Nieder, I T Magrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE We have observed a severe atypical neuropathy (SAN) in patients with small non-cleaved-cell (SNCL) and large-cell lymphoma (LCL) treated with intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). The present analysis was undertaken in an attempt to identify factors associated with the development of this syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-four adult and pediatric patients consecutively treated according to the same chemotherapy protocol were included in the analysis. Low-risk patients received three cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and high-dose methotrexate (CODOX-M) while in high-risk patients this drug combination was alternated with high-dose cytarabine (ara-C), etoposide, and ifosfamide (IVAC) for a total of four cycles. Twenty-eight patients received a CSF (granulocyte [G]- or granulocyte-macrophage [GM]-CSF), and 26 patients received no CSF. A statistical analysis, which included a logistic regression model, was undertaken to examine the importance of potential contributing factors to the development of SAN. RESULTS SAN, which consisted of excruciating foot pain, usually associated with marked motor weakness, was observed in 12 patients. There was a highly significant association between the occurrence of this syndrome and the administration of CSFs, and an independent association with the cumulative dose of vincristine given in the first cycle of chemotherapy. Furthermore, the analysis suggested a synergistic effect between administration of the CSFs and vincristine in the genesis of this neuropathy. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CSFs can precipitate SAN when given in conjunction with vincristine. The development of SAN was associated most strongly with the cumulative dose of vincristine -- the size of individual doses and the number of doses given in cycle 1 were important to the extent that they influenced the cumulative dose.
Phase 1 Study Of The Novel Pan-Pim Kinase Inhibitor LGH447 In Patients With Relapsed/ Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Marc S Raab, Enrique M. Ocio, Sheeba K. Thomas, Andreas Günther, Daniel Lebovic, Shaji K Kumar, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak, Dongweon Song, Fang Xiang, David Hynds, K. Gary Vanasse, Yeow Tee Goh
Journal: Blood (2013)
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Richard E. Ostlund, Richard A. Levy, Joseph L. Witztum, Gustav Schonfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Cultured skin fibroblasts were obtained from two siblings with classic clinical features of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Plasma cholesterol values were 970 and 802 mg/100 ml in the siblings, 332 mg/100 ml in the mother, and 426 mg/100 ml in the father. Fibroblast receptor-specific capacity for binding and degradation of 125I-low density lipoprotein (LDL) at 37°C was 11% of normal, consistent with the diagnosis of "homozygous LDL receptor-defective" hypercholesterolemia, a disorder in which LDL binding activity is low but detectable.
The deliberate self-harm syndrome
Authors: E M Pattison, J Kahan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Recent research has differentiated several distinct classes of self-destructive behavior. This paper describes the clinical characteristics of one class, the deliberate self-harm syndrome. Analysis of 56 published case reports of self-harm revealed a typical pattern of onset in late adolescence, multiple recurrent episodes, low lethality, harm deliberately inflicted upon the body, and extension of the behavior over many years. Since the clinical characteristics of the deliberate self-harm syndrome differ substantially from those of other classes of self-destructive behavior, the authors propose that DSM-IV classify deliberate self-harm as a separate diagnostic syndrome.
Comparison of chemotherapy to radiotherapy as consolidation of complete or good partial response after six cycles of chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease : results of the Groupe d'études des Lymphomes de l'Adulte H89 trial
Authors: Christophe Fermé, Catherine Sebban, Christophe Hennequin, Marine Diviné, Pierre Lederlin, Jean Gabarre, Augustin Ferrant, Denis Caillot, Dominique Bordessoule, Pauline Brice, Isabelle Moullet, Françoise Berger, Eric Lepage
Journal: Blood (2000)
Changes of the pulmonary arteries in patient with pulmonary hypertension: Using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Elena Belyatko, N. Danilov, Y. Machin, I. Chazova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To assess clinical using of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patient with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).  Design and method: We studied the condition of vessels in a patient with systemic scleroderma and PAH. Our patient was a woman of 57 years. In the study, we used the following equipment specifications: IVUS (Eagle Eye Gold, catheter 40 MHz; Inc., USA), OCT (Light Lab Imaging Inc.) and general characteristics of different tissues by OCT.  Results: Cardiac catheterization showed pulmonary artery pressure of 90/20/35 mm Hg. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure - 9 mm Hg. Both IVUS and OCT visualized the anterior basal segment pulmonary artery at the level of 16,3 mm2 (external area) by IVUS and at the level of 16,15 mm2 by OCT. Intima thickness was 0,41 mm by IVUS and 0,68 by OCT. We analyzed the tissue characteristics of the segment by OCT. We didn9t find the scarp borderers, irregular borders or superficial signal. Thus we didn9t find any features of calcium, lipids or mural thrombosis. The predominant tissue of the defected segment was homogenous bright tissue, e.t. fibrosis. We attempted to use radiofrequent analysis (VH by IVUS), but, because of its lower resolution in the case of pulmonary arteries, in comparison to the coronary arteries, it turned poor information.  Conclusions: In the case of PAH IVUS looks like a method, which underestimates the intima thickness, in comparison with OCT. OCT enables to detect morphological features and possible injures of the inner layer of the vessel wall. However, like any new technology, OCT will require a learning curve, to improve our ability and optimize treatment of patients with PAH.
2-chloro-deoxyadenosine With Or Without Daunorubicin for Relapsing Or Refractory Acute Myeloblastic-leukemia
Authors: Eric Van Den Neste, Augustin Ferrant, André Delannoy, P. Mineur, A. Doyen, André Bosly, P. Martiat, A. Zenebergh, Jl. Michaux
Journal: Blood (1993)
The dexamethasone suppression test in panic disorder and agoraphobia
Authors: George C. Curtis, Oliver G. Cameron, Randolph M. Nesse
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Reports that imipramine and phenelzine prevent panic attacks in agoraphobia suggest the possibility that agoraphobia and/or panic disorder might be a clinical manifestation of underlying depression. To test this hypothesis, dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) were performed in 10 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks, 6 for panic disorder, and 4 whose diagnosis could have been either panic disorder or agoraphobia except that another axis I disorder precluded such a diagnosis. Abnormal DSTs were observed in only 3 patients and appeared to be attributable to causes other than panic attacks or agoraphobia. The results suggest that panic attacks and endogenous depression are separate disorders and that the antipanic properties of imipramine and phenelzine are separate from their antidepressant actions.
Nosocomial hepatitis C virus transmission from tampering with injectable anesthetic opioids
Authors: Rikita I. Hatia, Zoya Dimitrova, Pavel Skums, Elrond Yi‐Lang Teo, Chong‐Gee Teo
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The extent of provider-to-patient hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission from diversion, self-injection, and substitution ("tampering") of anesthetic opioids is unknown. To quantify the contribution of opioid tampering to nosocomial HCV outbreaks, data from health care-related HCV outbreaks occurring in developed countries from 1990 to 2012 were collated, grouped, and compared. Tampering was associated with 17% (8 of 46) of outbreaks, but 53% (438 of 833) of cases. Of the tampering outbreaks, six (75%) involved fentanyl, five (63%) occurred in the United States, and one each in Australia, Israel, and Spain. Case counts ranged from 5 to 275 in the tampering outbreaks (mean, 54.8; median, 25), and 1-99 in the nontampering outbreaks (mean, 10.4; median, 5); between them, the difference in mean ranks of counts was significant (P < 0.01). To estimate HCV transmission risks from tampering, risk-assessment models were constructed, and these risks compared with those from surgery. HCV transmission risk from exposure to an opioid preparation tampered by a provider of unknown HCV infection status who is a person who injects drugs (PWID; 0.62%; standard error [SE] = 0.38%) exceeds 16,757 times the risk from surgery by a surgeon of unknown HCV infection status (0.000037%; SE = 0.000029%) and 135 times by an HCV-infected surgeon (0.0046%; SE = 0.0033%). To pose a 50% patient transmission risk, an infected surgeon may take 30 years, compared to <1 year for a PWID tamperer, and weeks or days for a PWID tamperer who intensifies access to opioids.Disproportionately, many cases of HCV infection from nosocomial outbreaks were attributable to provider tampering of anesthetic opioids. Transmission risk from tampering is substantially higher than from surgery.
Bureau urges continuity in antiepilepsy treatment
Authors: Fay evan Emmerik
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The International Bureau for Epilepsy is urging doctors to ensure that patients stay on the same type of antiepilepsy drug, whether it is a branded or generic product, to avoid further seizures while they are taking treatment or a worsening of their condition.

Pharmacists in the United Kingdom and other European countries are changing patients' treatments from branded to generic drugs without telling them or their neurologist or GP, research by the European General Medicines Association shows. The research was presented at the ninth congress of the European Federation of Neurological Societies in Athens last week.

The bureau, an organisation of lay people and professionals interested in the medical and non-medical aspects of epilepsy, has compiled a three month long survey of 435 neurologists and GPs …
Abstract 229: Novel Plasma Membrane Beta Adrenergic Receptor Resensitization By Protein Phosphatase 2a
Authors: Neelakantan T Vasudevan, Anita Shukla, Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Resensitization of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) occurs by dephosphorylation of the internalized βAR by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) before being recycled back to plasma membrane (PM). Contrary to this classical paradigm, cardiac specific expression of inactive PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ inact ) leads to receptor resensitization at the plasma membrane as measured by adenylyl cyclase activity in mice chronically treated with the agonist. We hypothesized that PI3K activity inhibits PM receptor resensitization. Using cells stably expressing FLAG-β 1 AR alone (single) or along with PI3Kγ inact (double), we show that inhibition of PI3K activity results in novel PM receptor resensitization. Agonist activation of single stables showed significant receptor desensitization as measured by reduced cAMP generation (35.6 ± 4.6 pmol/mg protein). In contrast, double-or wortmannin (Wort, PI3K inhibitor) pre-treated single- stables showed marked generation of cAMP (87.4 ± 3.2 or 83.1 ± 5.7) showing β 1 AR resensitization. Agonist stimulation of metabolically labeled β 1 ARs pre-treated with inhibitors of internalization, sucrose and β-cyclodextrin resulted in accumulation of phosphorylated receptors at the PM, which was abolished with PI3Kγ inact suggesting dephosphorylation of β 1 ARs. Inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid or Fostriecin resulted in complete loss of β 1 AR resensitization despite the presence of PI3Kγ inact showing that PI3K regulates PP2A activity at the β 1 AR complex. Pre-treatment of single stable cells with Wort resulted in significant increase in β 1 AR-associated phosphatase activity following dobutamine (Dob) treatment (Veh, 4131 ± 14; Dob, 3180 ± 111; Dob + Wort, 17123 ± 680 pmoles/mg protein). Consistently, similar results were obtained in vivo using single transgenic (FLAG-β 1 AR, Veh, 87 ± 12; Dob, 61.7 ± 8.3) and double transgenic (FLAG-β 1 AR and PI3Kγ inact , Veh, 93 ± 9; Dob, 118 ± 6) mice. In vivo metabolic labeling, co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays showed that inhibitor of PP2A (I2PP2A) protein as a target of PI3K in regulating PP2A activity at the β 1 AR complex. Indeed, siRNA knock down of I2PP2A results in preservation of β 1 AR function by PM receptor resensitization demonstrating a novel role for PI3K in receptor resensitization. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Great Rivers Affiliate (Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania &amp; West Virginia).
Usefulness of serum glycopeptidolipid core immunoglobulin A antibody in mycobacterium avium complex infection
Authors: Naohiko Hamaguchi, Mayuko Senba, Koutaro Kajiwara, Kensaku Ito, Naoko Miura, Hideki Makino, Takanori Kanematsu, Hideki Yokoyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

[Background] Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) can be difficult. Recently, It has been reported that serum glycopeptidolipid core immunoglobulin A (GPL-core IgA) antibody is useful in MAC-PD[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serodaignostic test in MAC-PD patients and the correlation between the serum GPL-core IgA levels and computed tomography (CT) findings.[Methods] From April 2013 to June 2013,191 patients with known or suspected MAC-PD were enrolled into this retrospective study at Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, JAPAN. CT was made in all patients.MAC-PD diagnosis is made on the basis of American Thoracic Society criteria.[Results] The patients were divided into two groups based on clinical evaluation:28 patients with MAC-PD and 108 who did not meet the criteria. The sensitivity and specificity (cut-off point 0.7 U/mL) of the serodiagnostic test for MAC-PD were 53.6% and 85.2%, respectively.There was not a correlation between the extent of disease and the levels of antibody(r=0.182).[Conclusion] In our study, The sensitivity of GPL-core IgA antibody in MAC-PD patients was poorer than previous study.
Analysis of effects of MCB3681, the antibacterially active substance of prodrug MCB3837, on human resident microflora as proof of principle
Authors: A. Dalhoff, M.-U. Rashid, T. Kapsner, G. Panagiotidis, A. Weintraub, C.E. Nord
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

The water-soluble prodrug MCB3837 is rapidly converted to MCB3681, active against Gram-positive bacterial species, after intravenous infusion. The aim of this study was to prove the principle that MCB3681 is efficacious in vivo by demonstrating its effect on the resident microflora or colonizers of the human skin, nose, oropharynx and intestine. MCB3837 was infused at a daily dose of 6 mg/kg for 5 days. MCB3681 was active against clostridia, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus, thus proving the principle that MCB3681 is antibacterially efficacious in vivo without affecting the Gram-negative microflora.
Abstract 1647: Bisphosphonate Use and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Calcification in Women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sammy Elmariah, Valentin Fuster, Richard A Kronmal, Matthew J Budoff, Jens Vogel-Claussen, Kevin D O'Brien, Joseph A Delaney, Jonathan L Halperin
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Vascular and valvular calcification correlate with atherosclerotic disease burden. Experimental data suggest that nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NCBP) may limit cardiovascular cal...
Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
Authors: V M Corman, I Eckerle, T Bleicker, A Zaki, O Landt, M Eschbach-Bludau, S van Boheemen, R Gopal, M Ballhause, T M Bestebroer, D Muth, M A Müller, J F Drexler, M Zambon, A D Osterhaus, R M Fouchier, C Drosten
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

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