tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Complexity of Animal Model Generation for Complex DiseasesANIMAL MODEL GENERATION FOR COMPLEX DISEASES
Authors: Peter A. Campochiaro
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Daniel M. Albert, MD, MS; Aneesh Neekhra, MD; Shoujian Wang, MD, PhD; Soesiawati R. Darjatmoko, BS; Christine M. Sorenson, PhD; Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM; Nader Sheibani, PhDObjectives To study the progressive changes of intense cyclic light–induced retinal degeneration and to determine whether it results in choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods Albino rats were exposed to 12 hours of 3000-lux cyclic light for 1, 3, or 6 months. Fundus examination, fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography were performed prior to euthanization. Light-exposed animals were euthanized after 1, 3, or 6 months for histopathological evaluation. Retinas were examined for the presence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal– and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins by immunofluorescence staining.Results Long-term intense cyclic light exposure resulted in retinal degeneration with loss of the outer segments of photoreceptors and approximately two-thirds of the outer nuclear layer as well as development of subretinal pigment epithelium neovascularization after 1 month. Almost the entire outer nuclear layer was absent with the presence of CNV, which penetrated the Bruch membrane and extended into the outer retina after 3 months. Absence of the outer nuclear layer, multiple foci of CNV, retinal pigment epithelial fibrous metaplasia, and connective tissue bands containing blood vessels extending into the retina were observed after 6 months. All intense light–exposed animals showed an increased presence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and nitrotyrosine staining. Optical coherence tomographic and angiographic studies confirmed retinal thinning and leakiness of the newly formed blood vessels.Conclusions Our results suggest that albino rats develop progressive stages of retinal degeneration and CNV after long-term intense cyclic light exposure, allowing the detailed study of the pathogenesis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration.Clinical Relevance The ability to study the progressive pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and CNV will provide detailed knowledge about the disease and aid in the development of target-specific therapy.
Double-blind Evaluation of Verapamil, Propranolol, and Isosorbide Dinitrate against a Placebo in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: B. Livesley, P. F. Catley, R. C. Campbell, S. Oram
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In the treatment of angina pectoris a double-blind evaluation of verapamil (Cordilox) at two dose levels—namely, 80 mg thrice daily and 120 mg thrice daily—propranolol (Inderal) 100 mg thrice daily, and isosorbide dinitrate (Vascardin) 20 mg thrice daily has been made against a placebo. The assessment was based on relief from daily attacks of angina on effort and the response to a whole-body exercise test. We can find no statistically significant difference between the effects of verapamil (120 mg three times a day) and propranolol (100 mg three times a day) in the treatment of angina of effort. Both of these preparations are more effective than a placebo both in the reduction of daily attacks (P &lt; 0·01) and in the prolongation of exercise test (P &lt; 0·05). Isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg three times a day) appears to be no more effective than a placebo in the treatment of angina on effort, but 14 out of 32 patients experienced headache of such severity that even when the dose was reduced to 10 mg thrice daily this drug therapy had to be withdrawn. Both propranolol (100 mg three times a day) and verapamil (120 mg three times a day) had a significant lowering effect on the diastolic blood pressure as measured with the patient standing (P &lt; 0·01).
Number of <i>C difficile</i> cases rises
Authors: Mark Gould
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The number of infections of Clostridium difficile in hospitals in England has risen sharply, new figures from the Health Protection Agency show. In particular, the number of reported cases in patients aged over 65 years rose by 17% last year—from 44 107 in 2004 to 51 690.

   ![][1] 

Clostridium difficile 

Credit: BIOMEDICAL IMAGING UNIT/SOUTHAMPTON GENERAL HOSPITAL/SPL

The agency said the increase was partly due to better reporting—all 169 NHS trusts submitted returns last year. But Georgia Duckworth, head of the agency's department for healthcare associated …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The sources of parenchymal regeneration after chronic hepatocellular liver injury in mice
Authors: Pamela Vig, Francesco P. Russo, Robert J. Edwards, Paul J. Tadrous, Nicholas A. Wright, Howard C. Thomas, Malcolm R. Alison, Stuart J. Forbes
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

After liver injury, parenchymal regeneration occurs through hepatocyte replication. However, during regenerative stress, oval cells (OCs) and small hepatocyte like progenitor cells (SHPCs) contribute to the process. We systematically studied the intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic sources of liver cell replacement in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg-tg) mouse model of chronic liver injury. Female HBsAg-tg mice received a bone marrow (BM) transplant from male HBsAg-negative mice, and half of these animals received retrorsine to block indigenous hepatocyte proliferation. Livers were examined 3 and 6 months post-BM transplantation for evidence of BM-derived hepatocytes, OCs, and SHPCs. In animals that did not receive retrorsine, parenchymal regeneration occurred through hepatocyte replication, and the BM very rarely contributed to hepatocyte regeneration. In mice receiving retrorsine, 4.8% of hepatocytes were Y chromosome positive at 3 months, but this was frequently attributable to cell fusion between indigenous hepatocytes and donor BM, and their frequency decreased to 1.6% by 6 months, as florid OC reactions and nodules of SHPCs developed. By analyzing serial sections and reconstructing a 3-dimensional map, continuous streams of OCs could be seen that surrounded and entered deep into the nodules of SHPCs, connecting directly with SHPCs, suggesting a conversion of OCs into SHPCs. In conclusion, during regenerative stress, the contribution to parenchymal regeneration from the BM is minor and frequently attributable to cell fusion. OCs and SHPCs are of intrinsic hepatic origin, and OCs can form SHPC nodules. (Hepatology 2006;43:316–324.)
Mathematical constraints on a theory of human memory
Authors: Simon Dennis, Michael S. Humphreys, Janet Wiles
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Colonius suggests that, in using standard set theory as the language in which to express our computational-level theory of human memory, we would need to violate the axiom of foundation in order to express meaningful memory bindings in which a context is identical to an item in the list. We circumvent Colonius's objection by allowing that a list item may serve as a label for a context without being identical to that context. This debate serves to highlight the value of specifying memory operations in set theoretic notation, as it would have been difficult if not impossible to formulate such an objection at the algorithmic level.
Screening tests for phenylketonuria.
Authors: S. F. Cahalane
Journal: BMJ (1968)

High-dosage Fluphenaze SIR,-Comment in your correspondence column has drawn attention to side-effects ol phenothiazines,"' and there is current interest in the use of fluphenazine enanthate.4wish to draw attention to the value of highdose oral fluphenazine administration in acute schizophrenic illness.This therapeutic approach to a broad cross-section of psychotic
Triggering Senescence Programs Suppresses Chk1 Kinase and Sensitizes Cells To Genotoxic Stresses
Authors: Vladimir L. Gabai, Cornelia O'Callaghan-Sunol, Le Meng, Michael Y. Sherman, Julia Yaglom
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Depletion of the major heat shock protein Hsp72 leads to activation of the senescence program in a variety of tumor cell lines via both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. Here, we found that the Hsp72-depleted cells show defect in phosphorylation and activation of the protein kinase Chk1 by genotoxic stresses, such as UVC irradiation or camptothecin. Under these conditions, phosphorylation of Rad17 was also suppressed, whereas phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 was not affected, indicating a specific defect in phosphorylation of a subset of the ATR kinase substrates. Similarly, suppression of Chk1 activation was seen when senescence signaling was triggered by direct stimulation of p53, depletion of Cdc2, or overexpression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 or p16. Thus, defect in Chk1 activation was not a consequence of the chaperone imbalance, but rather a downstream effect of activation of the senescence signaling. Inhibition of Chk1 was associated with inefficient inter-S phase checkpoint, as Hsp72 depleted cells failed to halt cell cycle progression upon UVC irradiation. Accordingly, sensitivity of cells to genotoxic stimuli after Hsp72 depletion was significantly enhanced. Thus, activation of the senescence signaling causes a defect in the DNA damage response manifested in increased sensitivity to genotoxic stresses. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1834–42]
CpG-ODN 2006 and human parvovirus B19 genome consensus sequences selectively inhibit growth and development of erythroid progenitor cells
Authors: Yong-Mei Guo, Keiko Ishii, Makoto Hirokawa, Hiroyuki Tagawa, Hideaki Ohyagi, Yoshihiro Michishita, Kumi Ubukawa, Junsuke Yamashita, Toshiaki Ohteki, Nobuyuki Onai, Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Weiguo Xiao, Kenichi Sawada
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Questions and Answers Section
Authors: Hilda Slive
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Editors and writers are always pleased to learn that their efforts are being read and appreciated. One reader, an American Medical Association member for 31 years, was concerned that not enough members were aware of the dimensions of the services provided by the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (Q&amp;A) section ofThe Journal. His note inspired us to do some research into the origins of Q&amp;A. We learned (from Dr Morris Fishbein's<i>A History of the American Medical Association From 1847 to 1947</i>[Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1947, p 192]) that a newJournalsection, "to be devoted to questions and answers," was suggested to the editor by a member of the Board of Trustees at the July 1902 meeting. The first section, entitled QUERIES AND MINOR NOTES, was published on Sept 13, 1902, and under various guises and editors has been serving physicians modestly and continuously ever since. It occurred to
Primary Aldosteronism Versus Other Forms of Hypertension Associated with Hypokalemia.
Authors: Jerome W. Conn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Primary Aldosteronism Versus Other Forms of Hypertension Associated with Hypokalemia.Jerome W. Conn, M.D., F.A.C.P.Jerome W. Conn, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-331_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis presentation concerns itself with three facets of the syndrome of primary aldosteronism: (1) an analysis of the variability of the clinical and biochemical manifestations together with currently conceived diagnostic criteria, (2) the overall results of surgical removal of aldosteronomas, and (3) some important aspects of differential diagnosis.From an analysis of 145 cases it is found that muscle weakness, nocturnal polyuria, headache, and polydipsia are the four most common symptoms. Of interest is the virtual absence in males of paresthesias, intermittent paralysis, and tetany as compared with the females.All patients have had hypertension, half of them exhibiting relatively... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 331-331KeywordsHeadachesHypertensionMusclesParalysis Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A COMPARISON OF TRYPARSAMIDE AND OTHER DRUGS IN TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: HARRY C. SOLOMON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The literature on the use of tryparsamide is exceedingly limited, and consists of the work of Brown and Pearce1on the experimental side; the work of Pearce,2Chesterman,3Van den Branden and Van Hoof4and Smillie,5in the treatment of trypanosomiasis; the work of Lorenz, Loevenhart, Bleckwenn and Hodges6in the treatment of neurosyphilis; and the work of Moore, Robinson and Keidel7in the treatment of various stages of syphilis, including neurosyphilis. This is a limited background, but, because of the important results reported, their publications are of unusual significance.  Our present interest is in a discussion of the effects of tryparsamide in the treatment of various types of neurosyphilis. Therefore, in the consideration of the published reports, those of Lorenz and his co-workers and Moore and his co-workers are the ones to be considered. Lorenz and his co-workers reported exceedingly good results
THE AMOUNT OF THE ANESTHETIC.
Authors: THOS. L. BENNETT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The anesthetic is undoubtedly a prominent etiologic factor in the disturbances which accompany and follow surgcal operations. To it may be attributed, directly or indirectly, much of the rapid pulse and respiration, exhaustion, shock, nausea, vomiting, asphyxia, syncope, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and nephritis seen in connection with surgical procedures under general anesthesia, and clinical evidence abundantly proves that these disturbances bear a more or less close relation to the amount of the anesthetic used. It must, therefore, be of interest and value to look into the question of the amount of the anesthetic and to determine, if possible, the facts which may enable us to reduce this element to the minimum. Let us consider for a moment the way in which the general anesthetics may cause the disturbances referred to. I am convinced, from long observation, that the rapid pulse and respiration, exhaustion and shock not uncommonly seen after
To Treat the Patient or to Treat the Surgeon
Authors: Byron A. Myhre
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Those of us who remember transfusion medicine in the old days of cardiac surgery remember the many times when blood was drawn from 20 donors the night before surgery so that there would be sufficient heparinized blood to operate the next morning. Surely cardiac surgery has come a long way since then. At the same time, so has transfusion medicine. Blood is easily available, better tested, and in better metabolic condition than ever before. Yet, blood is still a drug that has significant side effects and dangers<sup>1-3</sup>so that it should be prescribed only after the physician has given a thorough and informed consideration of the hazards of transfusion vs its benefits in each clinical situation. In the article written by Goodnough et al,<sup>4</sup>a review is presented of the blood transfusion practices of 18 teaching institutions in coronary artery bypass surgery and involving 540 patients. All of
Choice of Bronchodilator Therapy for Patients with COPD
Authors: Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airway inflammatory condition that is associated with accelerated decline of lung function and is characterized by worsening dyspnea with episodes of increased number and severity of symptoms, termed exacerbations.1 The main objectives of managing COPD are a reduction in the severity of symptoms and the prevention of exacerbations.2 Bronchodilator therapy is central to the management of COPD; this treatment produces modest increases in lung function as measured by spirometry and a reduction in the dynamic hyperinflation that leads to the dyspnea of COPD.3 Patients with COPD often present to their physician with . . .
Penalty for Unconsciousness
Authors: E. A. HILDRETH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Editorials1 October 1964Penalty for UnconsciousnessThe Need for Emergency Medical IdentificationE. A. HILDRETH, M.D., F.A.C.P.E. A. HILDRETH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-794 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSeveral years ago, the editors of Newsweek magazine, commenting on emergency medical identification, showed a greater awareness of an important life-and-death problem than has been shown by members of the medical and paramedical professions or by the personnel of the various police and fire-fighting forces throughout the nation. These authors stated correctly that"Each year, hundreds of epileptics and diabetics found unconscious by the police are tossed in jail as "drunks"; some diabetics die there for lack of treatment. Thousands of Americans are allergic to penicillin—an injection can produce fatal shock. Thousands more might die if given horse serum anti-tetanus... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEmergency Medical Identification in Patients with Chronic Medical Conditions 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 794-795KeywordsShock Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hospital Power and Medical Responsibility: Medical-Staff Bylaws
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The internal organization of most American hospitals is an uneasy union of medical-care delivery by physicians and the administration of a medical-care facility by the hospital's governing board. For most patients, the key functionary is the attending physician, who has an independent contractual relation to the patient. In the traditional view of hospital organization and management, the health-care facility exists to further and support this relation.In recent years, the orthodox position has been breaking down. The famous Darling case in Illinois in 1965 was the first major legal ruling that challenged this system and declared that the hospital itself . . .
(30) Neuro-cutaneous melanosis
Authors: H.R. Jenkins, D.J. Atherton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (30) Neuro‐cutaneous melanosis Get access H.R. Jenkins, H.R. Jenkins Queen Elisabeth Hospital for Children, London E2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Atherton D.J. Atherton Queen Elisabeth Hospital for Children, London E2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13045.x Published: 01 July 1985
Brain inflammation and psoriasis: a [<sup>11</sup>C]-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study
Authors: H.J.A. Hunter, R. Hinz, A. Gerhard, P.S. Talbot, Z. Su, G. Holland, S.J. Hopkins, C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E. Kleyn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 2% of the population.1 It is associated with multiple comorbidities including arthritis, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome and as such is widely regarded as a systemic inflammatory condition.2 Depression is also overrepresented in psoriasis3 and may itself have a systemic inflammatory component to its aetiology.4 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Mental Retardation: A Review of Research
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The subtitle, "A Review of Research," indicates the viewpoint of this volume. The result, in 13 chapters written by 14 authors, is a thorough assessment of the currently important areas in this broad field. The detailed treatment and the desire to refer to all significant research done in recent years, tie the essays closely to the factual level. The writing is workmanlike and careful but not inspired, resulting in a final product which is by no means light reading. It does, however, accomplish the task set out in the forward: it brings together the knowledge obtained from research in all of the major scientific disciplines which are contributing to a better understanding of the complex phenomena of mental retardation. The editors have performed a particularly helpful function for the reader by standardizing the terminology throughout the book. All physicians with an active interest in mental retardation will find this volume
AORTIC ELASTIC PROPERTIES ARE ALTERED IN PATIENTS AFTER KAWASAKI DISEASE EVEN WITHOUT CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM
Authors: Jun Oyamada, Manatomo Toyono, Shunsuke Shimada, Mieko Aoki-Okazaki, Masamichi Tamura, Tsutomu Takahashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Simple Geometric Analysis of Cardiac Potentials as Recorded at Points Close to the Heart
Authors: MANUEL GARDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1954)

A simple geometric method is employed to investigate the theoretically expected potentials at an electrode close to the heart as a dipole moves about in an area in the chest occupied by the heart. The considerable error resulting from the assumption that the dipole remains at the center of a geometric frame of reference is thus disclosed. It is pointed out that errors in polarity which occur cannot be compensated for by alteration of the characteristics of the recording device. It is suggested that such errors account for the finding by spatial vectorcardiographers that many normal QRS loops point forward, a finding which does not correlate well with the Gardberg-Ashman hypothesis of ventricular accession. It is further suggested that the limb leads are not free of these effects and that exaggeration of the electrical rotation of the heart is thus accounted for. It is further pointed out that derivation of precordial potentials from vector loops or vice versa is not permissible.
Minnie Made Me Out a Liar
Authors: Robert Rowntree
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

On Being a Doctor17 May 2005Minnie Made Me Out a LiarRobert Rowntree, MDRobert Rowntree, MDFrom Triad Hospitals Inc., Plano, TX 75024.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-10-200505170-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “He made me out a liar” is a common saying in the southern states. I'm not sure where it originated, but I have heard it all my life. It is usually accompanied by a self-deprecating smirk and a modicum of embarrassment. It roughly means, “He showed me that something I had said was in fact not the truth I originally thought it to be.” For example, if I said my Uncle Joe couldn't catch a minnow in a teacup with a tea strainer, and Uncle Joe then went on to win the prize for the largest fish in the area ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Rowntree, MDAffiliations: From Triad Hospitals Inc., Plano, TX 75024.Corresponding Author: Robert Rowntree, MD, Triad Hospitals Inc., 5800 Tennyson Parkway, Plano, TX 75024; e-mail, bob.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 May 2005Volume 142, Issue 10Page: 869-870KeywordsEmotionsHeartHematologic testsHipNursing homesPacemakersTalcTeaThoraxTongue ePublished: 17 May 2005 Issue Published: 17 May 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...