tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16: A Pro-Vegetarian Food Pattern and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Epic Study
Authors: Camille Lassale, Joline Beulens, Yvonne Van der Schouw, Nina Roswall, Elizabete Weiderpass, Dora Romaguera, Elio Riboli, Ioanna Tzoulaki
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Plant-based dietary pattern consumption, especially the Mediterranean Diet, have consistently shown inverse risk associations with mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In agreement, adherence to a vegetarian diet has been associated with reduced CVD risk compared to non-vegetarian; however, the proportion of vegetarians in the population is low. The Pro-vegetarian food pattern (PVEG) has recently been proposed as an intermediate dietary pattern towards vegetarianism which consists in favouring only plant-based foods while concomitantly reducing animal-derived foods. Hypothesis: We aimed to investigate the associations between the a priori defined PVEG score and CVD mortality across 10 different European countries. Methods: Included in the analysis were 451,256 participants (130,370 men and 320,886 women) between 35 and 70 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study. At recruitment, between 1992 and 2000, dietary, anthropometric and lifestyle data was collected. CVD mortality was defined as death from circulatory cause (I00–I99 according to the ICD 10th revision). An a priori PVEG dietary score was constructed comprising 12 components. The consumption of 7 plant-based food groups (vegetables, fruit, legumes, cereals, potatoes, nuts, olive oil) were categorized into quintiles, positively rated, and 5 animal-based food groups (meats/meat products, animal fats, eggs, fish and other seafood and dairy products) were inversely rated for a total score ranging from 12 to 60. Five categories of the total score were created: very low (&lt;30), low (30-34), moderate (35-39), high (40-44), and very high (&gt;45) adherence to a PVEG diet. Associations with the PVEG dietary score and CVD mortality were estimated using Cox regression analysis using age as the primary time metrics providing Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). The fully adjusted models included total energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, educational level and stratified by centre, sex and age at baseline. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the shape of the association in continuous. Results: Over follow-up (median: 12.8 years), 5083 CVD deaths occurred. Compared to very low adherence to a PVEG diet (reference category), the fully-adjusted HRs (95%CI) were: 0.92 (0.85-1.01) in the low, 0.88 (0.80-0.74) in the moderate, 0.81 (0.74-0.90) in the high and 0.80 (0.70-0.93) in the very high adherence categories. The suggested floor effect for a score &gt;=40 was also seen by restricted cubic spline. Conclusion: Adherence to the plant-based PVEG food pattern was associated with overall decreased risks of CVD mortality up to 20% risk reduction, although no further risk reduction was obtained from a very strong compared to a strong adherence.
Quantitation of intratumoral thymidylate synthase expression predicts for disseminated colorectal cancer response and resistance to protracted-infusion fluorouracil and weekly leucovorin.
Authors: C G Leichman, H J Lenz, L Leichman, K Danenberg, J Baranda, S Groshen, W Boswell, R Metzger, M Tan, P V Danenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Response rates to fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy remain low. As new, active agents are being tested, information regarding specific intratumoral genetic determinants of chemotherapy sensitivity or resistance can be used to plan therapy rationally. Intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) quantitation may be among the most important determinants of sensitivity or resistance to 5-FU. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six disseminated colorectal cancer patients had measurable tumor biopsies for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based determination of TS mRNA pretreatment. Protracted infusion of 5-FU 200 mg/m2/d for 21 days with weekly intravenous leucovorin 20 mg/m2 each cycle was given. After two cycles, responses were evaluated. Response data were correlated with independently determined intratumoral ratios of TS/beta-actin mRNA for each patient. RESULTS TS/beta-actin ratios were successfully obtained for 42 patients (91%). TS/beta-actin ratios ranged from 0.3 x 10(-3) to 18.2 x 10(-3) (median, 3.5 x 10[-3]). Twelve patients (26%) responded to treatment (median TS/beta-actin ratio, 1.7 x 10[+3]). Thirty-four patients did not respond (median TS/beta-actin ratio, 5.6 x 10[-3]). No patient with a TS mRNA level greater than 4.1 x 10(-3) responded. The median TS/beta-actin ratio (3.5 x 10[-3]) significantly segregated responders from nonresponders (P = .001). Median survival for patients with TS/beta-actin ratios &lt; or = 3.5 x 10(-3) was 13.6 months; for patients with TS/beta-actin ratios greater than 3.5 x 10(-3), it was 8.2 months (P = .02). CONCLUSION For this cohort, the intratumoral TS/beta-actin ratio had a statistically significant association with response and survival. This relationship for other 5-FU schedules remains unknown. Confirmation of these data in a larger patient population could lead to determination of therapy for disseminated colorectal cancer based on a specific intratumoral molecular parameter.
Effect of body positions on spirometric indices in healthy subjects
Authors: Devashri Salvi, Sundeep Salvi, Seemab Pandit, Nitin Vanjare, Sapna Madas, Ronika Agarwal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Different body positions have been shown to produce different lung function indices in diseased patients. However, this has not been well studied in the healthy Indian population. We aimed to study the effects of different body positions on spirometric lung function indices in healthy subjects.  Methods : 60 non-smoking, asymptomatic, healthy male and female subjects between the ages of 18 to 25 underwent spirometry testing using the ndd ultrasonic spirometer, following ATS/ERS 2005 norms for quality. The following 5 positions were tested in a randomly generated sequence: sitting, supine, crook lying, right side lying and left side lying. The best of 3 repeatable values were considered for analysis. Differences in spirometric indices were analysed by comparing the mean± SD values using the paired t test.  Results : FVC values were highest in the sitting position and lowest in the crook lying and left side lying positions. FEV1 was highest in the left side lying position and the lowest was crook lying. PEFR vales were highest in the sitting position and lowest in the supine position. Please see table 1.    Conclusion : Overall the sitting position was found to be the most beneficial followed by left side lying followed by crook lying, supine lying and the least beneficial position was found to be the right side lying.
Intuitive Control of a Powered Prosthetic Leg During Ambulation
Authors: Levi J. Hargrove, Aaron J. Young, Ann M. Simon, Nicholas P. Fey, Robert D. Lipschutz, Suzanne B. Finucane, Elizabeth G. Halsne, Kimberly A. Ingraham, Todd A. Kuiken
Journal: JAMA (2015)

IMPORTANCE Some patients with lower leg amputations may be candidates for motorized prosthetic limbs.Optimal control of such devices requires accurate classification of the patient's ambulation mode (eg, on level ground or ascending stairs) and natural transitions between different ambulation modes.OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of including electromyographic (EMG) data and historical information from prior gait strides in a real-time control system for a powered prosthetic leg capable of level-ground walking, stair ascent and descent, ramp ascent and descent, and natural transitions between these ambulation modes.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Blinded, randomized crossover clinical trial conducted between August 2012 and November 2013 in a research laboratory at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago.Participants were 7 patients with unilateral above-knee (n = 6) or knee-disarticulation (n = 1) amputations.All patients were capable of ambulation within their home and community using a passive prosthesis (ie, one that does not provide external power).INTERVENTIONS Electrodes were placed over 9 residual limb muscles and EMG signals were recorded as patients ambulated and completed 20 circuit trials involving level-ground walking, ramp ascent and descent, and stair ascent and descent.Data were acquired simultaneously from 13 mechanical sensors embedded on the prosthesis.Two real-time pattern recognition algorithms, using either (1) mechanical sensor data alone or (2) mechanical sensor data in combination with EMG data and historical information from earlier in the gait cycle, were evaluated.The order in which patients used each configuration was randomized (1:1 blocked randomization) and double-blinded so patients and experimenters did not know which control configuration was being used. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe main outcome of the study was classification error for each real-time control system.Classification error is defined as the percentage of steps incorrectly predicted by the control system. RESULTSIncluding EMG signals and historical information in the real-time control system resulted in significantly lower classification error (mean, 7.9% [95% CI, 6.1%-9.7%])across a mean of 683 steps (range, 640-756 steps) compared with using mechanical sensor data only (mean, 14.1% [95% CI, 9.3%-18.9%])across a mean of 692 steps (range, 631-775 steps), with a mean difference between groups of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.7%-9.7%](P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study of 7 patients with lower limb amputations, inclusion of EMG signals and temporal gait information reduced classification error across ambulation modes and during transitions between ambulation modes.These preliminary findings, if confirmed, have the potential to improve the control of powered leg prostheses.
Trial registration 10 years on
Authors: Wim E J Weber, José G Merino, Elizabeth Loder
Journal: BMJ (2015)

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Anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) cell lines: Relationship to von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL) expression and hypoxia
Authors: A. Al Hazzouri, S. A. Vaziri, M. Lynch, B. Schwartz, B. I. Rini, R. Bukowski, R. Ganapathy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4601 Background: Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor targeting raf kinase and several receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR-2 and PDGFR, has demonstrated clinical activity in the treatment of metastatic CCRCC. To further characterize the molecular basis of response to this agent, we tested the functional role of pVHL and hypoxia in the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib in a panel of CCRCC cell lines. Methods: CCRCC cell lines CAKI-1 (wild-type pVHL), CAKI-2 (mutant VHL) and the isogenic pair, 786–0-neo (vector control) and 786–0-VHL (pVHL expressing) cells were treated with sorafenib (2.5 - 20 μM) for 24 - 96 hours at 37°C in a atmosphere of either normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen), 5% carbon dioxide and remainder nitrogen. Gene expression analysis of control and sorafenib treated CCRCC cell lines was carried out using a custom cancer cDNA array containing probes to 9240 cDNA clones corresponding to 4900 Unigenes or unclustered ESTs relevant to cancer or kidney development. Results: Anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib were both concentration and time of treatment dependent; the IC 50 of sorafenib (inhibitory concentration for 50% cell kill) ranged from 7.5-10 μM and required continuous treatment for at least 48-72 hours for maximal cell kill. In contrast to CAKI-2 and 786–0-neo cells harboring mutant VHL, both CAKI-1 and 786–0-VHL cells expressing wild type VHL were ∼2-fold more resistant to the anti-proliferative effects of sorfaenib when treated under hypoxic conditions. No difference in resistance was observed under normoxic conditions. In contrast to 786–0-neo cells, there were ∼40 genes overexpressed (&gt;5-fold) under hypoxia in control 786–0-VHL cells, that were predominantly related to anti-apoptosis (e.g. bcl2-associated athanogene) or angiogenesis (e.g. PDGF beta). Bcl2-associated athanogene and PDGF beta were down regulated &gt;2-fold in hypoxia with sorafenib treatment. Conclusions: CCRCC with wild type VHL under hypoxic conditions can promote overexpression of anti-apoptotic and angiogenesis genes that attenuate the anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib. pVHL and hypoxia related genes may be important biomarkers for assessing the clinical efficacy of sorafenib in CCRCC. [Table: see text]
Review of<i>Color Atlas of Neurology</i>
Authors: Tobias Mantel
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Pulmonary perfusion after endoscopic reduction of emphysema
Authors: Frédéric Lador, Anne-Lise Hachulla, Vicente Espinosa, Olivia Hoehn, Thierry Rochat, Xavier Montet, Paola M. Soccal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

*contributed equally  Background  Coils (RePneu ® ) endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) is a new promising approach for the treatment of severe emphysema.  Aim  Our goal was to analyze lung perfusion by iodine maps acquired with dual-energy CT scan (deCT) before and after coil implantation.  Methods  Among 14 included patients (62.8 ± 9.0 yrs, IMC 22.0 ± 3.5 kg.m-2), 4 already underwent 3 time points deCT with reconstruction of standard lung and perfusion images before and after bilateral treatment. Perfusion was analyzed objectively with measurements of iodine concentration (IC) for each lobe, and subjectively on the iodine maps.  Results  The table shows patients characteristics. We observed a reduction of perfusion in the immediate proximity of the coils but a stability for the treated lobes (IC from 8.6 ± 2.9 ug.cm-3 to 8.8 ± 3.3). Whereas and interestingly, a clear trend toward increased perfusion was noted (IC from 11.0 ± 3.7 to 13.5 ± 7.6) in the non treated lobes (figure).  Conclusion  ELVR by coils insertion seems to increase perfusion in the adjacent non-treated lobes, suggesting improved ventilation/perfusion relationship.
Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE): A pooled analysis of five randomized clinical trials including 4,584 patients
Authors: J. P. Pignon, H. Tribodet, G. V. Scagliotti, J. Y. Douillard, F. A. Shepherd, R. J. Stephens, T. Le Chevalier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7008 Background: Several recent trials have shown a benefit of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE) is to identify treatment options associated with a higher benefit, or groups of patients benefiting more from adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Individual patient data were collected and pooled from the five largest trials (ALPI, ANITA, BLT, IALT and JBR10) of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in completely resected patients, conducted after the NSCLC-meta-analysis (BMJ 1995, update ongoing). The interactions between patient subgroups or treatment types and chemotherapy effect on OS were analysed using hazard ratios (HR) and logrank tests stratified by trial. Results: With a median follow-up of 5.1 years, the overall HR of death was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82–0.96; p&lt;0.005) corresponding to a 5-year absolute benefit of 4.2% with chemotherapy. There was no heterogeneity of chemotherapy effect among trials. The benefit varied with stage (test for trend, p=0.046) with the HR for stage I-A 1.41 [95% CI: 0.96–2.09], stage I-B 0.93 [0.78–1.10], stage II 0.83 [0.73–0.95] and stage III 0.83 [0.73–0.95]. The effect of chemotherapy did not vary significantly (test for interaction, p=0.10) with the associated drugs: vinorelbine (HR=0.80 [0.70–0.91]) etoposide/vinca-alcaloide (0.93 [0.80–1.07]) or other (0.98 [0.84–1.14]). There was no interaction between chemotherapy and sex, age, planned radiotherapy or planned total dose of cisplatin. Conclusions: Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival in patients with NSCLC. This benefit depends on stage and is greatest in patients with stages II and III. Our analysis suggests that platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy may not benefit stage I-A patients. Results of disease-free survival will be presented at the meeting. Supported by PHRC and LNLCC [Table: see text]
Clinical study of pediatric interstitial lung diseases in China
Authors: Dan Xu, Zhimin Chen, Huizhong Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children represents a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Compared to adult cases, pediatric cases seem to comprise a broader spectrum of disorders with a more variable clinical course. Objectives This multicenter study aims to have an overview of pediatric ILD in China. Methods ILD cases from 16 tertiary hospitals in China were collected. Pediatricians, radiologists and pathologists (members of The Pediatric ILD Research Cooperative, Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases, Pediatrics Branch, Chinese Medical Association) together reached a final clinico-radiologic-pathologic diagnosis on all cases. Results A total of 25 cases were included, aging from 1 year 5 months to 14 years. Most of them belonged to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, including non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n=9), acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) (n=4), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (n=1), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (n=1). Other cases were pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (n=2), post-infectious DPLD (n=1), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (n=2), lipoid pneumonia (n=1), pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (n=1), and ILD related to ANCA associated vasculitis (n=1), SLE (n=1), and AIDS (n=1). The most common symptoms and signs were cough, dyspnea, retractions, rales and nail clubbing. High-resolution CT showed ground glass attenuation in 24 cases. All cases had their own pathologic characteristics. Conclusions Careful examinations and collaborations among clinicians, radiologists and pathologists are vital in the diagnosis of ILD.
A second-generation microRNA-based assay for diagnosing tumor tissue origin
Authors: Ranit Aharonov, Ayelet Chajut, Yael Spector, Shai Rosenwald, Tina B. Edmonston, Iris Barshack, Meora Feinmesser, Monica Huszar, Wolf Mueller, Franz Fogt, Alexander Faerman, Eti Meiri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) constitutes 3%~5% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. It presents a major diagnostic challenge due to the therapeutic implications of the tissue origin of the cancer. Accurate tumor of origin (ToO) assignment could help guide use of specific therapy which may impact survival. MicroRNAs are a family of noncoding, regulatory RNA genes that are involved in development, differentiation and cell cycle and were shown to be involved in oncogenesis. MicroRNAs are highly tissue specific and therefore ideal candidates for CUP diagnosis. We have previously presented a biologically-motivated classification assay to identify the tissue of origin using a set of 48 microRNAs measured on a qRT-PCR platform. This assay can differentiate 25 different tumor types from 17 origins. We present here the development and validation of a second generation assay that can identify 43 different tumor types using a custom array platform. The assay is based on the normalized expression of less than 70 microRNAs. We will present performance data including inter-laboratory concordance from the validation of the assay. Methods: Over 1200 primary and metastatic tumor FFPE samples were used for the training and development of the next generation assay. High-quality RNA, including the well-preserved microRNA fraction, was extracted from the FFPE blocks using proprietary protocols previously described. Expression levels of all known and additional Rosetta's proprietary microRNAs were profiled using a custom array platform. MicroRNAs containing information about the ToO were identified and two classifiers were developed to utilize the information of the microRNA expression patterns for the diagnosis of ToO. The assay reports a ToO based on these two classifications, where in most cases the assay result is a single ToO reported. Results: The developed assay is able to accurately identify more than 40 tumor types based on the expression of only several dozens microRNAs. The results of a comprehensive validation study using hundreds of independent tumor and metastases FFPE samples will be presented, including inter-laboratory concordance data. Conclusions: Previous studies have highlighted the tissue-specificity of microRNA expression, and have demonstrated their potential use for classification of human malignancies. An assay utilizing microRNA expression in a biopsy for identifying the tissue of origin was developed. Here we present the development and the performance of a second generation assay, designed to identify over 40 tumor types. This assay will provide an important new tool for diagnosing tumor tissue origin.
A Choroid Plexus Papilloma in an Elasmobranch ( Squalus acanthias ) 2
Authors: David J. Prieur, Joseph D. Fenstermacher, Anthony M. Guarino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

A choroid papilloma in the choroid plexus of the ala of the fourth ventricle in a mature male elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias, was described. This is apparently the first report of a neoplasm of the central nervous system in a member of the class Chondrichthyes.
The Earliest known Case of a Lithopaedion
Authors: Jan Bondeson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

The high mortality and morbidity can be significantly reduced by three cardinal steps: 1. Early diagnosis of intrinsic renal failure 2. Early institution of fluid restriction and dialysis 3. The identification of patients who are likely to be at high risk from acute renal failure, and the careful planning and institution of available therapeutic measures to prevent it.