tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Notch2 and Six1 Is Associated with Progression of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma and a More Aggressive Phenotype at Advanced Stages
Authors: Takahiro Mimae, Morihito Okada, Man Hagiyama, Yoshihiro Miyata, Yasuhiro Tsutani, Takao Inoue, Yoshinori Murakami, Akihiko Ito
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Lung adenocarcinoma often manifests as tumors with mainly lepidic growth. The size of invasive foci determines a diagnosis of in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, or invasive types and suggests that some adenocarcinomas undergo malignant progression in that order. This study investigates how transcriptional aberrations in adenocarcinoma cells at the early stage define the clinical phenotypes of adenocarcinoma tumors at the advanced stage. Experimental Design: We comprehensively searched for differentially expressed genes between preinvasive and invasive cancer cells in one minimally invasive adenocarcinoma using laser capture microdissection and DNA microarrays. We screened expression of candidate genes in 11 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas by reverse transcriptase PCR and examined their involvement in preinvasive-to-invasive progression by transfection studies. We then immunohistochemically investigated the presence of candidate molecules in 64 samples of advanced adenocarcinoma and statistically analyzed the findings, together with clinicopathologic variables. Results: The transcription factors Notch2 and Six1 were upregulated in invasive cancer cells in all 11 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas. Exogenous Notch2 transactivated Six1 followed by Smad3, Smad4, and vimentin, and enlarged the nuclei of NCI-H441 lung epithelial cells. Immunochemical staining for the transcription factors was double positive in the invasive, but not in the lepidic growth component of a third of advanced Ads, and the disease-free survival rates were lower in such tumors. Conclusions: Paired upregulation of Notch2 and Six1 is a transcriptional aberration that contributes to preinvasive-to-invasive adenocarcinoma progression by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition and nuclear atypia. This aberration persisted in a considerable subset of advanced adenocarcinoma and conferred a more malignant phenotype on the subset. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 945–55. ©2011 AACR.
Infections in Office Practice
Authors: Victor L. Yu
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Infection in ambulatory patients is the most common problem encountered by pediatricians, internists, and family practitioners. In the past few years there has been a multitude of new antibiotics and vaccines, as well as new therapeutic strategies designed for practitioners. This concise, multiauthored textbook contains new and practical information in a series of 14 chapters dealing with office infections and oral antibiotics. Basic science and pathophysiology are succinctly presented, and all statements are rigorously referenced with citations as recent as 1982. For example, an introductory chapter on "Problems and Perspectives in Office Infections" contains 118 references. Therefore, this is not merely a "how to" manual dealing with therapy, but an informative text that educates the practitioner. The chapters on sexually transmitted disease, lower respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections are well done. There is a practical section on indications for the outpatient management of pneumonias. The chapters on ocular
Aortic-Pedicle Technic for Obtaining Immediate Vascularization of Fetal Parathyroid-Gland Transplants in Man
Authors: Elton Watkins, Lewis L. Haynes, Herbert D. Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DESPITE the refinements of modern thyroid surgery, an occasional patient still suffers chronic deprivation of parathyroid function as a result of operation. Medical management of the deficiency over a period of years may give rise to renal or ophthalmic complications. As a consequence, it would be desirable to provide an endogenous source of parathyroid secretion in certain cases by transplantation of functioning gland into the patient.In the present state of knowledge, homologous transplantation (the transfer of tissue from one person to another) has usually resulted in rejection of the transplanted tissue by the host because of the "individuality" of . . .
Asymmetric FDG Uptake in the Extraocular Muscles Resulting From Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Mustafa Yilmaz, Mustafa Adli, Zeki Celen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 28-year-old woman complaining of headache, double vision, and drooping of the right upper eyelid for a week was admitted to the hospital. She had given birth 40 days earlier. She had a right blepharoptosis and diplopia, which are findings of right oculomotor nerve paralysis, and abnormal cerebellar function tests on physical examination. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1 cm in diameter tumor in the mesencephalon. She was referred for FDG PET-CT study for differential diagnosis of a primary brain tumor and unknown brain metastasis, and to detect the primary tumor if any. FDG PET-CT scan showed decreased FDG uptake in the tumor region and asymmetric, more prominent FDG uptake in the left extraocular muscles. There was no evidence of hypermetabolic focus suggesting a primary malignant tumor outside the brain on a whole-body FDG PET-CT scan and the tumor in the mesencephalon was considered as a primary brain tumor. We report a case of asymmetric FDG uptake in the extraocular muscles resulting from unilateral third cranial nerve paralysis.
ANGIOSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF EARLY PHASE ARTERIAL REPAIR AFTER PACLITAXEL–COATED NITINOL DRUG–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION IN THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY
Authors: Takayuki Ishihara, Osamu Iida, Masaki Awata, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Shin Okamoto, Tomoharu Dohi, Kiyonori Nanto, Yukika Mizukami, Takuma Iida, Takashi Kanda, Tatsuya Shiraki, Yoshio Ishida, Shinsuke Nanto, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Amorolfine spray in the treatment of foot mycoses (a dose-finding study)
Authors: S. NOLTING, D. REINEL, G. SEMIG, R. RECKERS-CZASCHKA, M. BERGSTRAESSER, M. ZAUG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A total of 382 patients with foot mycosis were entered into a dose-finding study. Patients were randomly treated with amorolfine spray 0.5% or 2% (double-blind) or cream 0.5% (open; used as a reference agent). The spray or cream was applied once daily for 4 weeks on average. At screening, in 348 patients evaluable for efficacy, a total of 381 fungi were isolated: Trichopyton rubrum (196), T. mentagrophytes (73), other dermatophytes (17), Candida albicans (65), other yeasts (23), and moulds (7). In 33 patients the fungal infection was mixed. Two weeks after the end of treatment, the culture was negative in 94.1% and 97.4% of patients treated with 0.5% or 2% amorolfine spray, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. In the 0.5% cream group the culture was negative in 86.6% of patients. Nine out of 380 patients evaluable for safety had local adverse events: four (3.2%) in each of the spray groups, and one (0.8%) in the cream group. The most common local adverse events in the patients treated with spray were a burning sensation and dryness of the skin. In conclusion, both spray concentrations were highly efficacious and well tolerated. Further studies should show if more widely spaced treatment with amorolfine spray is as effective as daily administration.
Susceptibility artefact correction using dynamic graph cuts: Application to neurosurgery
Authors: Pankaj Daga, Tejas Pendse, Marc Modat, Mark White, Laura Mancini, Gavin P. Winston, Andrew W. McEvoy, John Thornton, Tarek Yousry, Ivana Drobnjak, John S. Duncan, Sebastien Ourselin
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)

Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) is routinely used in diffusion and functional MR imaging due to its rapid acquisition time. However, the long readout period makes it prone to susceptibility artefacts which results in geometric and intensity distortions of the acquired image. The use of these distorted images for neuronavigation hampers the effectiveness of image-guided surgery systems as critical white matter tracts and functionally eloquent brain areas cannot be accurately localised. In this paper, we present a novel method for correction of distortions arising from susceptibility artefacts in EPI images. The proposed method combines fieldmap and image registration based correction techniques in a unified framework. A phase unwrapping algorithm is presented that can efficiently compute the B0 magnetic field inhomogeneity map as well as the uncertainty associated with the estimated solution through the use of dynamic graph cuts. This information is fed to a subsequent image registration step to further refine the results in areas with high uncertainty. This work has been integrated into the surgical workflow at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and its effectiveness in correcting for geometric distortions due to susceptibility artefacts is demonstrated on EPI images acquired with an interventional MRI scanner during neurosurgery.
Fibrinolytic Enzyme System and Pregnancy
Authors: J. Bonnar, G. P. McNicol, A. S. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The effect of pregnancy on the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was determined by serial observations on 10 healthy women during normal pregnancy, labour, and the puerperium. The plasminogen level was substantially increased in the third trimester; the increase occurred pari passu with a pronounced increase in fibrinogen concentration. After allowing for the expansion of plasma volume in pregnancy a twofold increase in the absolute amounts of circulating fibrinogen and plasminogen was found. In late pregnancy and during labour the level of plasminogen activator was greatly decreased, whereas a normal or increased level was present in the first week of the puerperium. No alteration in the levels of inhibitors of plasminogen activation by urokinase was found during normal pregnancy. The thrombin time and platelet count remained unchanged during pregnancy and labour but the platelet count rose significantly during the first week of the puerperium.The haemostatic mechanism in pregnancy appears to be altered towards an enhanced capacity to form fibrin and a diminished ability to lyse fibrin. These changes may be a physiological development to ensure the integrity of the foetal and maternal circulations and provide rapid and effective haemostasis in the uterus during and after placental separation. Nevertheless, the changes may also establish a vulnerable state for intravascular fibrin deposition.
Narrow Scope of Vitamin C Review
Authors: William Sardi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Covering 60 years of research without mentioning a paper that highlights fl aws in the literature, in a review, should negate any conclusion.In the Cochrane review by Douglas et al. [1], which is referenced in the Best Practice article by Douglas and Hemilä [2], there was no mention of the revealing paper published last year by Padayatty et al. [3], which shows that three-times greater blood concentration can be achieved with an oral dose of vitamin C than previously thought possible.Since viruses increase the demand for ascorbic acid, the oral doses used in the reviewed studies appear trivial, and would not be expected to produce any positive effect.Compare human oral dose studies to what animals synthesize throughout the day.It is obvious that a single dose of a watersoluble vitamin, regardless of the number of milligrams consumed, will not elevate blood plasma levels enough to produce a preventive or therapeutic effect.
The Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events (PROactive)
Authors: Bernard Charbonnel, John Dormandy, Erland Erdmann, Massimo Massi-Benedetti, Allan Skene
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) assesses the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, with anti-inflammatory and vascular properties, on the secondary prevention of macrovascular events in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—PROactive is an on-going randomized, double-blind outcome study in patients with type 2 diabetes managed with diet and/or oral blood glucose-lowering drugs (combination of oral agents with insulin is permitted) who have a history of macrovascular disease. Patients are randomized to receive pioglitazone (forced titration from 15 to 30 to 45 mg, depending on tolerability) or placebo in addition to existing therapy. The primary end point is the time from randomization to occurrence of a new macrovascular event or death. Follow-up is estimated to span 4 years. RESULTS—A total of 5,238 patients have been randomized from 19 countries. At entry into the study, patients enrolled are a mean age of 61.8 years, with type 2 diabetes for a mean of 9.5 years; 60.9 and 61.5% are taking metformin or a sulfonylurea, respectively; and 33.6% are using insulin in addition to oral glucose-lowering drugs. The majority of patients are men (66.1%). Patients are required to meet one or more of entry criteria, as follows: &amp;gt;6 months’ history of myocardial infarction (46.7%); coronary artery revascularization (30.8%), stroke (18.8%), or acute coronary syndrome for &amp;gt;3 months (13.7%); other evidence of coronary artery disease (48.1%); or peripheral arterial occlusive disease (19.9%). One-half (48.5%) of the patients have two or more of these risk factors. Three-quarters (75.4%) have hypertension, and 58.8% are current or previous smokers. CONCLUSIONS—The cohort of patients enrolled in PROactive is a typical type 2 diabetic population at high risk of further macrovascular events. The characteristics of this population are ideal for assessing the ability of pioglitazone to reduce the cardiovascular risk of patients with type 2 diabetes.
First line treatment of knee osteoarthritis in outpatients in France: adherence to the EULAR 2000 recommendations and factors influencing adherence
Authors: L Denoeud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To document adherence to two parts of the EULAR 2000 recommendations for knee osteoarthritis, concerning non-pharmacological and pharmacological first line management; and to identify factors influencing adherence to the recommendations.In a prospective study, 1030 randomly selected French general practitioners completed questionnaires about three unselected outpatients with osteoarthritis, and about their own practice, knowledge, and agreement with the EULAR 2000 recommendations. Percentages of adherence of their prescriptions to both parts of the recommendation were calculated, and probabilities of non-adherence analysed in relation to patient and physician related characteristics, using multilevel logistic regression analysis.Data were obtained from 967 physicians and 2430 patients. The EULAR 2000 recommendations were familiar to 79% of the GPs; 99% agreed with the non-pharmacological part and 97% with the pharmacological part. Adherence to the two parts was 74.8% and 73.6%, but 54.2% for both together. Factors increasing adherence to the non-pharmacological recommendation were patient body mass index >35 kg/m(2) (odds ratio 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.21)), patient's stated preference for a treatment (OR 0.43 (0.55 to 0.97)), and physician's regular continuance of medical education (OR 0.76 (0.59 to 0.98)); patient's age and duration of symptoms decreased adherence. Factors increasing adherence to the pharmacological recommendation were gastrointestinal disease (OR 0.50 (0.35 to 0.72)) and physician's knowledge of the EULAR recommendations (OR 0.75 (0.60 to 0.93)).Although most physicians agreed with the EULAR 2000 recommendations, adherence was only approximately 75% for each of the non-pharmacological and pharmacological recommendations and 54% for both together.
Inhaled Nitrite Reverses Hemolysis-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Lambs Without Blood Participation
Authors: Arlin B. Blood, Hobe J. Schroeder, Michael H. Terry, Jeanette Merrill-Henry, Shannon L. Bragg, Kurt Vrancken, Taiming Liu, Jason L. Herring, Lawrence C. Sowers, Sean M. Wilson, Gordon G. Power
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Nitrite can be converted to nitric oxide (NO) by a number of different biochemical pathways. In newborn lambs, an aerosol of inhaled nitrite has been found to reduce pulmonary blood pressure, possibly acting via conversion to NO by reaction with intraerythrocytic deoxyhemoglobin. If so, the vasodilating effects of nitrite would be attenuated by free hemoglobin in plasma that would rapidly scavenge NO.Pulmonary vascular pressures and resistances to flow were measured in anesthetized newborn lambs. Plasma hemoglobin concentrations were then elevated, resulting in marked pulmonary hypertension. This effect was attenuated if infused hemoglobin was first oxidized to methemoglobin, which does not scavenge NO. These results further implicate NO as a tonic pulmonary vasodilator. Next, while free hemoglobin continued to be infused, the lambs were given inhaled NO gas (20 ppm), inhaled sodium nitrite aerosol (0.87 mol/L), or an intravascular nitrite infusion (3 mg/h bolus, 5 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹ infusion). Inhaled NO and inhaled nitrite aerosol both resulted in pulmonary vasodilation. Intravascular infusion of nitrite, however, did not. Increases in exhaled NO gas were observed in lambs while breathing the nitrite aerosol (≈ 20 ppb NO) but not during intravascular infusion of nitrite.We conclude that the pulmonary vasodilating effect of inhaled nitrite results from its conversion to NO in airway and parenchymal lung tissue and is not dependent on reactions with deoxyhemoglobin in the pulmonary circulation. Inhaled nitrite aerosol remains a promising candidate to reduce pulmonary hypertension in clinical application.
IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression is JAK2 but not JAK1 dependent and its inhibition enhances NK-cetuximab mediated ADCC of HNSCC cells
Authors: Fernando Concha-Benavente, Robert L Ferris
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunosuppressive molecule expressed by many cancer types, including a large proportion of head and neck cancers (HNC), and ligation of its receptor, programmed death 1 (PD-1), induces exhaustion of effector T cells. It has been shown that
Acute Amebic Colitis: Diagnostic Techniques for the Clinician.
Authors: K. Juniper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Acute Amebic Colitis: Diagnostic Techniques for the Clinician.K. Juniper Jr., M.D. (Associate)K. Juniper Jr., M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-735_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past 6½ years, 86 patients with acute amebic disease have been seen by the author and the identification ofEntamoeba histolyticahas been confirmed by the Communicable Disease Center, USPHS, Atlanta, Georgia. Seventy-seven of these patients had acute amebic colitis, 6 had amebic abscess of the liver, and 3 had cutaneous amebiasis. The clinical picture seen with the first 55 patients with acute amebic colitis was reported recently (Amer. J. Med. 33: 377, 1962). This large number of acute cases of amebiasis is unusual in this country. It is thought that we may be dealing with an unusually... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Little Rock, Ark. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 735-735KeywordsAmebiasisColitisDiagnostic techniquesEntamoeba histolyticaLiver Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Poll shows public still has trust in doctors
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Trust in doctors does not seem to have been dented by the recent poor publicity that they have received over the Bristol surgery inquiry and the reports about the retention of body parts at Alder Hey Hospital, Liverpool.

A new poll by the independent research agency MORI of almost 2000 adults, commissioned by the BMA, shows that the public trusts doctors to tell the truth more than any other group, including teachers, judges, and clergymen. Eighty nine per cent of the respondents thought that doctors told the truth, compared with 86% …
Sickle cell anemia and trait in a population of southern india
Authors: Gary Brittenham, B. Lozoff, J. W. Harris, V. S. Sharma, S. Narasimhan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract In an ethnic group in southern India, the Irula, seven individuals with sickle cell anemia were found to manifest only mild illness. Although a relatively high level of fetal hemoglobin was present in one, none of the factors thought to ameliorate the course of sickling disorders could be identified in the remaining six. In a random population survey, sickle hemoglobin was found in 90 of 292 Irula (31%). In those with sickle cell trait, the proportion of sickle hemoglobin in hemolysates (mean = 26%, range 19–32%) was substantially lower than that reported for any other population.
Accuracy of patient records may be "bigger issue" than security breaches, expert says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Compulsory audits of NHS organisations by the Information Commissioner would “lift the lid” on the accuracy of patient data, a conference has heard. The Ministry of Justice aims to extend the office’s powers of compulsory audit to NHS bodies, and legislation is expected to be brought in later this year.

Dawn Monaghan, a group manager at the Information Commissioner’s Office, said that the office continued to hear complaints against the NHS about breaches of data security. But she said that mandatory checks might show the accuracy of patient records to be a “bigger issue . . . Accuracy is one of the things we would want to look at.” …
Superficial radiotherapy for benign localized dermatoses
Authors: G.M. Fairris, D.H. Jones, D.P. Mack, N.R. Rowell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Superficial radiotherapy for benign localized dermatoses Get access G.M. Fairris, G.M. Fairris Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.H. Jones, D.H. Jones Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.P. Mack, D.P. Mack Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.R. Rowell N.R. Rowell Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Page 19, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05236.x Published: 01 July 1984