tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Karsten Mueller, Robert Jech, Matthias L. Schroeter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Introduction: Surgeons first became interested in Parkinson’s disease in the early part of the 20th century when surgical attempts were made to control the tremor of Parkinson’s disease. The “Golden Age” of surgery for Parkinson’s disease was in the 1950’s and 1960’s when stereotactic frames were available and very precise lesions within the basal ganglia could be accomplished with relative safety. Surgeons in Europe, North America and Asia all developed the field of “Functional and Stereotaxic Neurosurgery”. Patients with tremor, which does not respond to medical management, who are medically stable, are candidates for thalamic deep brain stimulation. The tremor must be disabling and interfere with activities of daily living such as eating, dressing and writing. Material and methods: The pre-operative evaluation of all Parkinsonian patients prior to bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) surgery includes neuropsychological testing to rule out dementia and extensive medical workup to be certain that the patients have adequate cardiorespiratory reserves to undergo the stressful period of the multiple surgical procedures. Our protocol, besides the above-mentioned testing, does include pre-operative videotaping of each patient in both the on and the off phase of their medication. We have chosen to use both MRI and CT scans for image guidance for our stereotactic procedures. Results and Discussion: Despite this being a very rigorous surgical endeavor for the patients, the benefit has been quite worth the effort. In our series, 2/3 of the patients would report a very significant benefit while 1/3 have had minor benefit from the deep brain stimulation system for Parkinson’s. Overall, we have seen a reduction in the need for Parkinsonian medications and a dramatic decrease in the incidence of dyskinesias in the patients who had them pre-operatively. After this initial programming period of 4-6 weeks, most patients reach a relative plateau with a lower dose of medicine and improved level of function. Gait has improved in almost all of the patients. There are two basic types of complications; those associated with surgery and those associated with stimulation itself. The surgical complication rate in our hands mirrors that of the existing literature. Conclusion: Deep brain stimulation is technically challenging but offers a significant potential to improve the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease or disabling tremor.
Abstract 15297: A Bundled Approach to Improving Code Team Response for In-hospital Cardiac Arrest to Decrease Overcrowding and Improve Role Clarity and Leadership
Authors: Marion Leary, Daniel N Holena, Stacie Neefe, Leah Davis, Boris Tsypenyuk, Scott A Falk, William Schweickert
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Little is known about how non-technical factors such as inadequate role definition and overcrowding may impact in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) outcomes. Using a bundled intervention, we sought to decrease overcrowding while improving provider role ambiguity and leadership at IHCA events. Objective: To examine interventions targeted at decreasing overcrowding, improving role ambiguity and leadership during IHCA. Methods: As part of a performance improvement initiative, a multidisciplinary team implemented four countermeasures to improve IHCA code response: an MD/RN leadership dyad, assigned optimal team composition, scripted role definitions, and visual (stickers)/verbal (role-checks) cues. Between 4/2013-4/2014, the number and discipline of providers responding to ICHA events were recorded at each pulse check, and a 10-point Likert scale survey assessing communication and leadership was performed pre- and post-intervention. The primary outcome was the number of providers present after the role checks. Secondary outcome examined communication and leadership performance. Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables and chi-squared or Fischer’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Results: 20 pre-intervention and 34 post-intervention IHCA events were captured. During both periods, MDs and RNs comprised the majority of the total providers present (61%, 57%). The median number of MDs present in the post-intervention group was lower than in the pre-intervention group (4 (IQR 4-5) vs. 7 (IQR 5-9), p= 0.004), as was the number of total overall providers (14 (IQR 12-16) vs. 18 (IQR 14-22), p=0.04). The number of RNs did not differ post-intervention (data not shown). Survey results showed no significant differences in perceptions of communications or physician leadership post-intervention. However, the overwhelming majority of both the MD code leaders (90%) and primary nurses (97%) identified that there was a clear RN leader and rated the leadership provided by RN lead consistently high with a median score of 9 out of 10 possible points. Conclusions: Using an innovative bundle can decrease overcrowding and improve role ambiguity and leadership during non-ICU IHCA events.
Fortnightly Review: Parvovirus B19: an expanding spectrum of disease
Authors: B. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

points* Infection with parvovirus B 19 is common and is usually spread by the respiratory route * In immunocompetent individuals with normal red cells B 19 infection is benign and self limiting, usually presenting as erythema infectiosum (the slapped cheeked syndrome) in children * In adults, especially women, B 19 infection is often complicated by acute polyarthritis, which may persist in some cases * Parvovirus B19 may also be transmitted across the placenta.Severe fetal B 19 infection may result in hydrops fetalis and fetal death * Parvovirus B19 causes transient aplastic crisis in patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia; such patients pose a risk of nosocomial transmission of the virus * Severe anaemia, prolonged or relapsing, may develop in immuno- compromised patients infected with parvovirus B 19.This can be treated with normal immunoglobulin * Parvovirus B 19 may be transmitted by blood components or blood products erythema infectiosum.'2This mild illness, otherwise
Many infants move from position in which they are put to sleep
Authors: G. A De Jonge, A. C Engelberts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

syndrome at the door of smokers, as the authors do in their conclusion, is to ignore the social context in which people smoke.There is considerable evidence that both taking up and stopping smoking are strongly influenced by material cir- cumstances and that exhortation is ineffective in reducing rates of smoking among the most vulnerable people.Although parental smoking is probably causally related to the sudden infant death syndrome, if we are to intervene effectively it is important to recognise that smoking is part of a causal chain in which social factors are the distal cause and to direct equal attention to these social causes rather than blame the victims.
Smallpox: 12 000 Years From Plagues to Eradication
Authors: Brian J. Simmons, Leyre A. Falto-Aizpurua, Robert D. Griffith, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Sticks and stones
Authors: P. Freeling, L. Gask
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Letters p 1081 

As children many of us learnt the old rhyme “Sticks and stones may break my bones but words can never hurt me.” As we grew older we discovered that the adage was untrue. For most of us whose profession involved interacting with other people it became obvious that clumsy or inapposite use of language could cause pain. An attempt to avoid such pain has provoked Hutchon and Cooper to suggest that distress in women who have miscarried would be reduced if changes were made in the language used by their professional carers (p 1081).1 The writers recommend that the word “abortion” should be avoided because the lay public interprets it as applying to a termination of preg- nancy. The authors cite alternatives that could be adopted in journal papers …
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SIPPY REGIMEN IN NEUTRALIZING THE GASTRIC JUICE OF PATIENTS IF THE AMOUNT OF ALKALI IS NOT VARIED
Authors: Paul H. Wosika, Edward S. Emery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 February 1936THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SIPPY REGIMEN IN NEUTRALIZING THE GASTRIC JUICE OF PATIENTS IF THE AMOUNT OF ALKALI IS NOT VARIEDPAUL H. WOSIKA, M.D., EDWARD S. EMERY JR., M.D.PAUL H. WOSIKA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD S. EMERY JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-8-1070 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe method of ulcer treatment as suggested by Sippy is frequently used in the belief that placing the patient on the routine as outlined will effect complete neutralization of the gastric contents. Some may question the necessity of maintaining neutrality in the stomach, or may even doubt that neutrality provides optimum conditions for healing. Sippy himself, however, suggested that the absence of free acid should be used as a criterion for the effectiveness of treatment, and this conception appears to have been commonly adopted in theory. We have been unable to find in the literature any data giving hourly values... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication July 15, 1935.From the Medical Clinic of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass.†The investigation was aided by a grant from the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA gastroscopic control of the treatment of gastric ulcer by duodenal feedingAntacids I. Comparative biochemical and economic considerationsPeptic Ulcer in Man Part 5. A new Antacid, SCMC, made to meet requirements of Antacid Therapy. Clinical EvaluationComparative Buffering Capacity of Intact and Pre-Digested Protein Following Hourly FeedingsThe Medical Treatment of Peptic UlcerThe effect of various antacids on the hydrogen-ion concentration of the gastric contentsThe control of gastric acidity in peptic ulcer by alkalinized powdered whole milk tablets 1 February 1936Volume 9, Issue 8Page: 1070-1077KeywordsGastric ulcersHospitalsStomach Issue Published: 1 February 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Case History: The First Drug-Specific FDA-Approved Pharmacogenetic Test: UGT1A1 Genotyping for Irinotecan
Authors: Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

PL-15  Irinotecan, a camptothecin prodrug, has had a checkered past, as early clinical investigators reported that the drug9s administration was associated with severe and unpredictable diarrhea and myelosuppression. Furthermore, the initial pharmacokinetic studies of this agent were unable to demonstrate a consistent relationship between drug and metabolite (SN-38) disposition and toxicity. Thus, the 1994 Cancer Research paper by Gupta and colleagues, demonstrating an inverse relationship between glucuronidation of SN-38 and toxicity, was of great interest. Subsequent studies demonstrated that SN-38 was a substrate for UGT1A1, the same enzyme responsible for bilirubin glucuronidation. These findings led to the hypothesis that heritable genetic variability in the UGT1A1 promoter (a variable number of TA repeats), which had been recently associated with serum bilirubin concentrations, was responsible for much of the interindividual variability in irinotecan9s pharmacokinetics and toxicity. This hypothesis was tested by our group and others, using a combination of in vitro, prospective clinical, and retrospective clinical studies. In general, there was agreement that there was a relationship between UGT1A1 genotype and phenotype (toxicity and pharmacokinetics), which led to an FDA-initiated change in the irinotecan label in 2005. Subsequently, the FDA approved a 510(k) application from Third Wave Technologies for UGT1A1 genotyping in the context of planned irinotecan therapy. More recent studies have confirmed the relationship of genotype to toxicity, although the optimal clinical use of this test has not been established.
Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the potentiation of cell killing by ionizing radiation in MCF-7 breast tumor cells by the vitamin D3 analog EB 1089
Authors: Gerald Demasters, Xu Di, Robert P. Shiu, David A. Gewirtz
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4413   Background and Rationale: We have recently reported that MCF-7 breast tumor cells exposed to fractionated radiation (5 × 2Gy) undergo a senescence-like growth arrest that is succeeded by rapid recovery of proliferative capacity. exposure to the Vitamin D 3  analog EB 1089 (100nM) prior to irradiation converts the initial growth arrest response to cell death and profoundly reduces the rate of proliferative recovery (DeMasters et al, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004; 92(5):365–74). The present studies were designed to elucidate the biochemical and molecular basis for the potentiating effects of EB 1089. experimental Approaches: The induction and repair of DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline unwinding and 53BP1 foci formation. Effects on c-myc protein levels were assessed by Western blotting and through the use of c-myc inducible cells. The generation of reactive oxygen was monitored by dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF) fluorescence. Results:  DNA  Damage  Bulk DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation was repaired within 4 hours both in the absence and presence of EB 1089 treatment. Similarly, DNA double strand breaks were detected within 6 hours based on 53BP1 foci formation, and the decline of foci over a period of 48 hours was not attenuated with EB 1089.  c-myc  EB 1089 inhibited radiation-induced down-regulation of c-myc. However, blocking c-myc down-regulation in a doxocycline-inducible MCF-7 cell line did not interfere with the induction of senescence by radiation or promote cell death by radiation.  Reactive oxygen  EB 1089 increased radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, an effect which was blocked by the free radical scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Current studies are focused on determining the effects of inhibition of ROS generation on the radiosensitizing effects of EB 1089. Conclusions: These studies indicate that the ability of EB 1089 to sensitize breast tumor cells to cell killing by ionizing radiation is not due to increased radiation-induced DNA damage or inhibition of DNA repair. The effects of EB 1089 also do not appear to be mediated through interference with the suppression of c-myc expression. Our studies suggest that the increased generation of reactive oxygen may play a role in the enhanced response to radiation in breast tumor cells with prior exposure to the vitamin D 3  analog, EB 1089.
Role of microRNAs in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples with different cytogenetic risk profiles
Authors: Dmitriy Ovcharenko, Kevin Kelnar, Tim Davidson, Jeffrey Shelton, David Kosel, David Brown, Thomas Illmer
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1779  AML is a heterogenous disease which is characterized by highly divergent gene expression patterns and substantially differential treatment outcome in individual patient groups. The differential course of the disease is associated with cytogenetic alterations that distinguish individual AML subpopulations. The pathogenesis of AML is the consequence of multiple different molecular alterations targeting the physiological processes of differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic precursor cells. There is now growing evidence that microRNAs can affect various key cellular functions such as differentiation and proliferation control, therefore we hypothesized that miRNAs have important role in the pathogenesis of AMLs. The current study was designed to investigate 3 subsets of leukemia patients (inv(16), normal karyotype, and monosomy-7) with precisely selected cytogenetic features to reduce the genetic complexity inherent to unselected AML patient cohorts.  PCA analysis of miRNA microarray data of AML samples from patients with inv(16) showed minor differences to normal bone marrow (BM). In contrast AML patients with standard risk cytogenetic classification (SR) are clearly divided in two subgroups. Comparison of SR patient samples with BM using ANOVA tests revealed 9 differentially expressed miRNAs (mir-223, mir-15a, mir-16, mir-203, mir-103, mir-23b, mir-107, mir-17-5p, and mir23a). AML patients with aberrations of chromosome 7 showed highly distinct PCA pattern as compared to BM.  To further substantiate the microarray data we analyzed a total of 108 AML patients with inv(16), SR cytogenetics and chromosome 7 abberations for miRNA expression by qRT-PCR. Supporting the microarray data it could be shown that median expression of mir-23a, mir-223 and mir-16 was lowest in patients with SR cytogenetics, whereas AML patients with chromosome 7 aberrations showed lowest median expression for mir-335 transcripts. This was in clear contrast to the expression of mir-150, a miRNA which was previously shown to associate with immature hematopietic cells, and which had the highest expression in AML samples with chromosome 7 aberrations. Consequently, expression of mir-150 was correlated with a high CD34 percentage in the investigated AML samples, whereas mir-223 strongly associated with expression of CD14. In an in-vitro model of G-CSF induced CD34+ stem cell differentiation mir-223 and mir-16 were found upregulated during differentiation whereas expression of mir-150 disappeared during the process of differentiation. Additionally, mir-23a expression proved to be an independent negative prognostic factor for AML patients with SR cytogenetics.  To investigate the potential biological and clinical relevance of microRNAs in AML, we performed functional studies in model AML cell lines.
AMEBIASIS: A REPORT OF THIRTY-NINE CASES OBSERVED IN AN ARMY GENERAL HOSPITAL STATIONED IN NORTHERN IRELAND
Authors: John N. Edson, Alfred P. Ingegno, John B. D'albora
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Article1 December 1945AMEBIASIS: A REPORT OF THIRTY-NINE CASES OBSERVED IN AN ARMY GENERAL HOSPITAL STATIONED IN NORTHERN IRELANDJOHN N. EDSON, ALFRED P. INGEGNO, JOHN B. D'ALBORAJOHN N. EDSONSearch for more papers by this author, ALFRED P. INGEGNOSearch for more papers by this author, JOHN B. D'ALBORASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-23-6-960 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring a 10 month period 39 cases of amebiasis were observed in an Army General Hospital stationed in Northern Ireland. It is significant, not only that the hospital was located in a temperate zone, but also that the onset of symptoms in the majority of these patients occurred while they were stationed in this region. Our experience emphasizes the fact that amebiasis is frequently a mild infection without the classical symptom of bloody diarrhea, without proctoscopically visible ulceration, and without demonstrable motile amebae in the stools or bowel wall scrapings.When World War II is over, a large portion of...Bibliography1. CLARK HC: Distribution and complications of amebic lesions found in 186 postmortem examinations, Am. Jr. Trop. Med., 1925, v, 157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. NAUSSRAPPAPORT RWI: Studies on amebiasis—pathogenesis of mucosal penetration, Am. Jr. Trop. Med., 1940, xx, 107. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. MANSON-BAHR P: The dysenteric disorders, 1943, Cassell & Company, Ltd., London, p. 161. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication February 15, 1945. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byANTISPASMODIC THERAPY FOR THE HYPERACTIVE COLONAmebiasis 1 December 1945Volume 23, Issue 6Page: 960-968KeywordsAmebiasisDiarrheaUlcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 16455: Age-Related Difference in Sleep Pressure Lowering Effect Between Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker in Asian Hypertensives: ACS-1 Study
Authors: Kazuomi Kario, Satoshi Hoshide
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Sleep blood pressure (BP), which is partly determined by salt sensitivity and intake, is an important cardiovascular risk in hypertensives. There are no studies on age-related differences of sleep BP lowering effect between angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) in Asians with high salt intake.

Method: The Azilsartan Circadian and Sleep pressure-the 1st (ACS-1) study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, 2 parallel-group study conducted to investigate the efficacy of 8-week oral treatment with ARB (azilsartan 20 mg), compared with CCB (amlodipine 5 mg) on sleep BP as evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring.

Results: Amlodipine treatment demonstrated statistically significant greater reductions than azilsartan in sleep BP in the total group, especially only in the elderly hypertensives aged ≥60 years old (Table). There was no statistically significant difference in sleep BP control rate between the 2 groups overall. In patients <60 years old, the azilsartan group had significantly higher well-controlled sleep BP compared with the amlodipine group (P=0.014), while there was no significant difference in patients ≥60 years old (Table). Similar results were found for awake BP and 24-hr BP.

Conclusion: These results suggest that ARB is more effective in controlling BP in the younger hypertensives and CCB in the elderly hypertensives, supporting recommendations of the ASH/ISH and NICE guidelines of differentiating treatment according to age. Age-related options of antihypertensives may also be effective in salt-sensitive Asian hypertensive patients with high salt intake.

   ![][1]  [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif