tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus Targeting to the EGF Receptor by a gD-Specific Soluble Bridging Molecule
Authors: Kenji Nakano, Ryutaro Asano, Kouhei Tsumoto, Heechung Kwon, William F. Goins, Izumi Kumagai, Justus B. Cohen, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters cells via initial binding of envelope glycoproteins (g) C and B to cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and subsequent membrane fusion involving envelope gD, gB, and gH/gL. Current insights suggest that the fusion process is initiated by interaction of gD with a cognate cellular receptor, such as the widely distributed cell adhesion molecule nectin-1. To redirect the tropism of HSV-1, we have generated a soluble adapter protein (P-V528LH) comprising the gD-binding variable domain of nectin-1 fused to a single-chain antibody (528LH) recognizing the EGF receptor. The adapter molecule enabled HSV-1 entry into naturally nonpermissive CHO cells expressing the human EGF receptor, but not into CHO cells lacking the receptor, and entry was not observed when the antibody portion of the adapter was replaced with an antibody of different specificity. Adapter-mediated entry increased with the viral dose and was nearly as efficient as direct viral entry into nectin-1-bearing CHO cells. Entry depended on viral gD and was diminished in the absence of cellular GAGs. These experiments represent the first demonstration that a soluble molecule can direct HSV infection via a new receptor, supporting the possible utility of this approach for HSV retargeting.
Current concepts in cancer. Cancer of the GI tract: colon, rectum, anus. The no-touch isolation technique of resection
Authors: R. B. Turnbull
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FISHER and I,<sup>1</sup>in 1955, reported finding cancer cells in the blood of the mesenteric veins that were draining tumors of the colon in eight of 25 patients who were undergoing resection. Subsequently, we studied the portal venous blood of 67 patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer; we found that malignant cells were found more frequently in the blood of those whose cancer had been manipulated during resection. We recognized that carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract invade the portal venous radicals and shed cells and that these cells embolize to the liver, where they grow as fatal metastases. Fisher and Fisher<sup>2</sup>not only demonstrated these cells, but also showed experimentally that the liver metastases were more likely to occur when a certain dose of tumor cells was exceeded. Because of our findings, those of Fisher and Fisher,<sup>2</sup>and Cole et al,<sup>3</sup>in 1953, we utilized a
Care of Women with Terminal Pelvic Cancer
Authors: J. K. Russell, M. R. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The limitations of radical surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques have long been apparent and it is understandable that interest in gynaecological cancer should pass increasingly to early detection and the prevention of invasive cancer. In particular this applies to cervical neoplasm, but it will be many years before the female population at risk is effectively screened by means of exfoliative cytology. Gynaecological clinics, at least in this century, will continue to deal with cases of pelvic cancer for whom the outlook, in terms of five-year survival, is poor. At least half and in some forms of cancer as many as three-quarters of these patients die within five years. In the Royal Victoria Infirmary between 100 and 120 new patients with pelvic cancer are admitted to the gynaecological department each year, and after radiotherapeutic or surgical treatment their progress is checked regularly at a combined follow-up clinic. Many develop recurrent growths and other serious complications, and we have long been aware of the need for special study of the formidable social and medical problems faced by these women. Since October 1960 one of us (M. R. M.) has kept these particular patients under close and continuous observation during the period of terminal illness, and we report here the result of our investigation.
Leucoma or Leucoplakia of the Vulva and Cancer
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1901)

WHITE areas of more or less horny epithelium occur on the vulva just as they do on the buccal mucous membrane.'They may be associated with cancer, as the following cases will shbw.These conditions of leucoma or leucoplahia of the vulva have received so little attention in this country that I am not acquainted with any work or paper on the subject, or even with published cases.On that account, and on account of the probable importance of the disease as a predisposing cause of cancer of the vulva, I have set down here whatI have seen and read of the disease.The sketch of the naked- eye appearances (Fig. i) is not taken directly from a patient, for all my three cases were in private practice.But Dr. Mark has succeeded in producing a very good represent- ation of the characters from my description of it.Case 1.
Morphologic features of chronic hepatitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: Jurgen Ludwig, Steven S. Barham, Nicholas F. Larusso, Lila R. Elveback, Russell H. Wiesner, John T. McCall
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Histologic, ultrastructural, chemical, and statistical methods were used to study liver biopsy and autopsy specimens from 43 patients who had primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), with or without chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC), and from 19 patients who had CUC without PSC. In all study groups, essentially the same abnormalities were found in the hepatic parenchyma outside the major bile ducts, although nondiagnostic tissue samples were observed also. Specimens from patients with extrahepatic PSC were indistinguishable from those from patients with combined extra- and intrahepatic PSC. Common findings included periductal fibrosis and inflammation, portal edema and fibrosis, focal proliferation of bile ducts and ductules, focal bile duct obliteration and loss of bile ducts, copper deposition, and cholestasis. Proliferation of bile ducts in some portal tracts and obliteration or absence of bile duct in others were the most characteristic changes. In most specimens, inflammatory changes appeared mild, yet biliary cirrhosis had developed in 34% of the patients. Specimens from patients with PSC, with or without CUC, more often contained bile and strikingly increased stainable copper (Grades 2 and 3) than did specimens from patients with CUC without PSC. Hepatic copper contents, measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, also were higher in specimens from patients with PSC. Study of PCS specimens by transmission electron microscopy and by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis revealed that most copper was sequestered in lipolysosomes. The recognition of strikingly similar morphologic features in many liver specimens from patients with either PSC or CUC or both suggests that the causes of these conditions are closely related.
Bay Leaf Impaction
Authors: Nicholas J. Belitsos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1990Bay Leaf ImpactionNicholas J. Belitsos, MDNicholas J. Belitsos, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-483_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I read with interest the report by Buto and colleagues (1) describing bay leaf impactions in the esophagus. A technician in our endoscopy unit had phoned a week earlier reporting severe pain in the midchest after eating chicken cacciatori. She had the sensation of swallowing a chicken bone and was convinced this was the source of her pain. When seen in the emergency room, she was in extreme distress; even breathing accentuated the pain. Endoscopy revealed a sizable bay leaf wedged in the mid-esophagus. The rim of the bay leaf had cut into the esophageal musculature. The...Reference1. ButoTsangSielaffGutsteinMeiselman STGLM. Bay leaf impaction in the esophagus and hypopharynx. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:82-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Joseph Hospital Baltimore, MD 21202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBay Leaf: An Uncommon Foreign Body of the HypopharynxBay-leaf: an unusual oesophageal foreign body 15 September 1990Volume 113, Issue 6Page: 483-484KeywordsBoneBreathingEatingEmergency departmentEndoscopyEsophagusSwallowingTechnicians Issue Published: 15 September 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Morphologic changes in the pulmonary arteries after percutaneous balloon angioplasty for pulmonary arterial stenosis.
Authors: B S Edwards, R V Lucas, J E Lock, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The pathologic appearance of pulmonary arteries subjected to balloon dilation was studied in four subjects with stenosis of pulmonary arteries. Nine vessels were dilated. Successful dilation in seven vessels was accompanied by intimal disruption and tearing of the media. In one vessel, at the site of a previous surgical procedure, dilation could not be accomplished. Histologically, this vessel was encased by reactive fibrous tissue, which may have precluded successful dilation. In one case, simultaneous rupture of the dilating balloon and the left pulmonary artery occurred. Morphologic examination could not adequately explain the cause of vessel rupture. Among the six vessels successfully dilated and studied 4 to 14 months after the dilation, the postdilation luminal diamter had been maintained. Tears in the intima and media as seen histologically had been filled in by scar tissue. In one artery a dilated segment distal to a residual obstruction revealed marked intimal proliferation.
Frequency, Location, and Age and Sex Distribution of Various Types of Gastric Polyp
Authors: M. Stolte, T. Sticht, S. Eidt, D. Ebert, G. Finkenzeller
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Data on the frequency and location of the various types of gastric polyps are highly inconsistent. In a retrospective analysis of 5515 gastric polyps obtained from 4852 patients in the period between 1969 and 1989, including reexamination of 197 surgical, 1572 polypectomy, and 3746 biopsy specimens, the most frequent types found were Elster's glandular cysts (fundic gland polyps) (47.0 %), followed by hyperplasiogenous polyp (28.3 %), tubular adenoma (9.0 %), adenocarclnoma (7.2 %), inflammatory fibroid polyp (3.1 %), carcinoid tumor (1.7 %), Brunner's gland heterotopia (1.2 %), and tubulopapillary adenoma (1.0 %). Peutz-Jeghers polyps, juvenile polyps, and pancreatic heterotopia were found in younger patients (mean ages: 33.39 and 45 years, respectively), whereas the age of most patients (66 %) with glandular cysts was between 40 and 69 years. Patients with any of the other types of gastric polyps were mostly (55 - 100 %) over 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Glandular cysts, hyperplasiogenous polyps, inflammatory fibroid polyps, and carcinoid tumors were significantly more common in women, while all the other polyps were more or less equally distributed between the sexes. Glandular cysts and carcinoid tumors were relatively small (mean diameter 8 mm), and were mostly located in the corpus (100 % and 83 %, respectively). Medium-sized pancreatic heteropias, Brunner's gland heterotopias, and inflammatory fibroid polyps (mean sizes 7 - 10 mm) were usually located in the antrum (100 %, 81 %, 80 %, respectively), while the other polyps had an average size of between 10 and 16 mm and were distributed equally throughout the stomach.
Concanavalin A-induced liver injury triggers hepatocyte proliferation.
Authors: C Trautwein, T Rakemann, N P Malek, J Plümpe, G Tiegs, M P Manns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Concanavalin A (Con A) injection into mice leads to immune-mediated liver injury. We studied whether after Con A-induced liver injury, TNF- and IL-6-dependent signaling pathways known to be related to hepatocyte proliferation are activated. 2 h after Con A injection, maximum TNF-alpha, and after 4-8 h, maximum IL-6 serum levels were found. The rise in aminotransferases and DNA fragmentation started after 4 h; maximum levels were evident after 8 h. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining and nuclear cyclin A expression as markers of the S-phase were first detected in hepatocyte nuclei after 24 h, peaking after 48 h. An increase in TNF-dependent nuclear expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta (C/EBP-beta)/liver-enriched activating protein (LAP) was detected after 1 h, whereas an increase in RNA expression was evident only after 4 h. C/EBP-beta/LAP expression returned to normal values before progression into the S-phase. DNA binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3/acute phase response factor (APRF) increased for up to 8 h. As found by supershift experiments, in addition to STAT3/APRF, STAT1 also binds to the same sequence. During the course of time gel shift experiments, DNA binding of the apoptosis-related STAT1 started earlier than DNA binding of STAT3/APRF, which regulates hepatocyte proliferation. However, the subsequent decrease in DNA binding of both factors was comparable. This study demonstrates that after Con A injection, TNF- and IL-6- dependent signals trigger nuclear events regulating hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation during liver injury.
Randomized Prospective Trial of Pure Porcine and Conventional Bovine/Porcine Insulin
Authors: Chris Asplin, Prima Raghu, Peter Clemons, Kenneth Lyen, Olga Tatpati, Barbara McKnight, Lester Baker, Richard Guthrie, Mark Sperling, Jerry Palmer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Use of pure porcine insulin versus partially purified insulin of bovine/porcine origin might be expected to have certain clinical benefits, e.g., a lower incidence of skin reactions, a lower insulin dosage, better diabetes regulation, and greater preservation of endogenous insulin secretion. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 112 newly diagnosed, untreated, insulin-dependent diabetic children to therapy with either pure porcine or partially purified bovine/porcine insulin. They were followed for 1 yr, data being available on at least 90 subjects at each visit. More skin reactions were found in the group treated with the bovine/porcine insulin. This insulin was of higher antigenicity, and binding of radiolabeled insulin (mean +/- SE) by serum from bovine/porcine insulin treatment was 35.5 +/- 2.6 versus 16.8 +/- 1.4% (P less than .001) for pure porcine insulin treatment 12 mo after initiation of insulin therapy. However, throughout the 12 mo of observation the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin dosage, fasting plasma glucose, and C-peptide concentration were similar for the groups. Reported incidences of hypoglycemia and nocturia were also similar. Thus, insulin-antibody formation and skin reactions were minimized by the use of pure porcine versus partially purified bovine/porcine insulin, but no other clinical advantages were apparent.
Smoking Cessation Early in Pregnancy and Birth Weight, Length, Head Circumference, and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Umbilical and Chorionic Vessels
Authors: Malene R. Andersen, Ulf Simonsen, Niels Uldbjerg, Christian Aalkjær, Steen Stender
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Reduced production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) in fetal vessels in pregnant smokers may lower the blood flow to the fetus and result in lower birth weight, length, and head circumference. The present study measured endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity in fetal umbilical and chorionic vessels from nonsmokers, smokers, and ex-smokers and related the findings to the fetal outcome.Of 266 healthy, singleton pregnancies, 182 women were nonsmokers, 43 were smokers, and 41 stopped smoking early in pregnancy. eNOS activity and concentration were quantified in endothelial cells of the fetal vessels. Cotinine, lipid profiles, estradiol, l-arginine, and dimethylarginines that may affect NO production were determined in maternal and fetal blood. Serum cotinine verified self-reported smoking. Newborns of smokers had a lower weight (P< or =0.001) and a smaller head circumference (P< or =0.041) and were shorter (P< or =0.001) than newborns of nonsmokers and ex-smokers. eNOS activity in umbilical veins of smokers was 36% lower (P<0.001), eNOS concentration was 47% lower (P<0.001), and the fetal plasma level of high-density lipoprotein was 18% lower (P<0.001) than those of nonsmokers, whereas the same levels were found in umbilical veins from ex-smokers and nonsmokers. The same patterns in eNOS activity and concentration were found in umbilical arteries and chorionic vessels. Fetal plasma levels of estradiol, l-arginine, dimethylarginines, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar for nonsmokers, smokers, and ex-smokers.The findings suggest that maternal smoking reduces eNOS activity in the fetal vascular bed, contributing to retarded fetal growth caused by the reduction of vasodilatory capacity, and suggest that smoking cessation early in pregnancy prevents these effects in newborns.
Cross‐reactivity between <i>Ficus benjamina</i> (weeping fig) and natural rubber latex
Authors: R. Brehler, E. Abrams, S. Sedlmayr
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The importance of hypersensitivity to Ficiis allergens is reported, Cross‐sensitization between fig (Ficus carica), weeping fig (F. benjamina [Fb]), and natural rubber latex (NRL) was confirmed by RAST inhibition. We performed skin prick tests with fresh Fb tree sap and NRL extracts in 346 consecutive patients and in 151 patients with immediate‐type hypersensitivity to NRL, Total serum IgE and IgE antibodies to NRL and Ficus spp. were analyzed in sera. By the RAST‐inhibition method, we studied cross‐reactivity among latex, fig. and weeping fig, Sensitization to Fb was diagnosed in 23 of the 346 consecutive patients, and the simultaneous presence of latex‐specific IgE was highly significant. Of 151 NRL‐allergic patients, 35 were also sensitized to Fb. Cross‐reacting IgE antibodies recognizing latex and Ficus allergens were demonstrated by RAST inhibition. The present study reinforces the importance of Fb as an indoor allergen. Cross‐reacting IgE antibodies to NRL and Ficus spp, allergens frequently found in the sera of atopic patients. Development of commercially available standardized extracts for skin tests is urgently necessary.
ABC of eyes. The glaucomas.
Authors: A. R. Elkington, P. T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Symptoms and signsBlock in flow through meshworkThe glaucomas are a range ofdisorders that are characterised by optic disc cupping, visual field loss, and an intraocular pressure sufficiently raised to damage the eye.Normally the ciliary body secretes aqueous, which then flows through the posterior chamber and through the pupil into the anterior chamber.It then leaves the eye through the trabecular meshwork, flowing into the canal of Schlemm.The flow and drainage can be obstructed in several ways.* The clinical signs of raised intraocular pressure depend on both the rate and degree of the rise in pressure between iris and lens Normal aqueous drainage and possible sites of obstruction.Cloudy cornea after sudden rise in intraocular pressure (acute angle closure glaucoma)./1-"IN.Area of nerve fibre loss resulting in arcuate scotoma Normal distribution of nerve fibres in the retina.
Less Is More
Authors: Pranita D. Tamma, Alison E. Turnbull, Anthony D. Harris, Aaron M. Milstone, Alice J. Hsu, Sara E. Cosgrove
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Definitive combination antibiotic therapy with a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia is commonly prescribed in pediatric patients; however, its efficacy and toxicity relative to β-lactam monotherapy are unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether definitive combination antibiotic therapy affects mortality and nephrotoxicity in pediatric patients with gram-negative bacteremia. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study including pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) with gram-negative bacteremia hospitalized at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center between 2002 and 2011. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Outcomes included 30-day mortality and nephrotoxicity classified according to the pediatric RIFLE (risk for renal dysfunction, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal disease) criteria. To account for nonrandom assignment of combination therapy, propensity score weighting was combined with multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effect of combination therapy on mortality and nephrotoxicity. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 879 eligible pediatric patients with bacteremia, 537 (61.1%) received combination therapy. After propensity score adjustment, baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups were well balanced. There was no association between combination therapy and 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.02;<i>P</i> = .27). There were 170 patients (19.3%) with evidence of acute kidney injury, including 135 (25.1%) and 35 (10.2%) in the combination therapy and monotherapy arms, respectively. Patients receiving combination therapy had approximately twice the odds of nephrotoxicity compared with those receiving monotherapy (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 2.09-2.21). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The use of β-lactam monotherapy for gram-negative bacteremia in pediatric patients reduces subsequent nephrotoxicity without compromising survival.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism after Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jacques R. Leclerc
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of fixed-dose enoxaparin and adjusted-dose warfarin in preventing venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty. Design: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Setting: 8 university hospitals. Patients: 670 consecutive patients who had knee arthroplasty. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin (30 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours) or adjusted-dose warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0). Both regimens were started after surgery. Measurements: The primary end point was the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with adequate bilateral venograms; the secondary end point was hemorrhage. Results: Among the 417 patients with adequate venograms, 109 of 211 warfarin recipients (51.7%) had deep venous thrombosis compared with 76 of 206 enoxaparin recipients (36.9%) (P = 0.003). The absolute risk difference was 14.8% in favor of enoxaparin (95% CI, 5.3% to 24.1%). Twenty-two warfarin recipients (10.4%) and 24 enoxaparin recipients (11.7%) had proximal venous thrombosis (P > 0.2). The absolute risk difference was 1.2% in favor of warfarin (CI, −7.2% to 4.8%). The incidence of major bleeding was 1.8% (6 of 334 patients) in the warfarin group and 2.1% (7 of 336 patients) in the enoxaparin group (P > 0.2). The absolute risk difference was 0.3% in favor of warfarin (CI, −2.4% to 1.8%). Conclusions: A postoperative, fixed-dose enoxaparin regimen is more effective than adjusted-dose warfarin in preventing total deep venous thrombosis after knee arthroplasty. No differences were seen in the incidence of proximal venous thrombosis or clinically overt hemorrhage.
China tells UN climate change talks it should still be treated as developing nation
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK prime minister, David Cameron, made a strong commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly on 23 September, where the theme was climate change. But he was one of the few national leaders to do so.

The UN secretary general, Ban Ki Moon, had invited the world’s heads of state to discuss the topic in preparation for the next round of climate negotiations, set for next year in Paris. Cameron said that he would push for a 40% reduction in total global emissions by …