tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Therapeutic Comparison of Glipizide and Glyburide: Glycemic control and insulin secretion during 15 months
Authors: Kåre I Birkeland, Kristian Furuseth, Arne Melander, Petter Mowinckel, Stein Vaaler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

In 1989, Congress established the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research within the U.S. Public Health Service and gave it the lead in a national effort to produce reliable evidence of which medical treatments are effective and which are not. The research program addresses the effectiveness of different available strategies for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and management of common conditions, including diabetes, and emphasizes outcomes that matter to patients. The modest size of this program and the eagerness for its results have led to the development and use of innovative research methods. Illustrations of these methods and early findings are provided.
Fear not the heat
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The United Kingdom's main rationing body, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), is in the hot seat, and things look set to get hotter. NICE is facing its first ever legal challenge from the drug industry—about the decision making process behind its recommendation to restrict drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39041.497315.DB). And it is under attack from US drug companies, apparently with White House backing, for stifling innovation in an overt attempt to gain unrestricted access to the NHS as part of a free market (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39041.354074.DB). 

What this shows is not that NICE is in trouble but that it is doing its job. It was set up to …
The Ravelled Sleeve of Care
Authors: John M. Colford
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Residency training is in crisis. There have been calls for change in both the lay press and the professional literature. Some prestigious residency programs have failed to fill their slots in the matching process. Legislation affecting residency programs has been proposed in several states. Increasingly active house staff unions are demanding changes. In this article we review the literature describing the stresses experienced by residents in training, the toll these stresses may take on residents, and the suggestions that have been made for reducing these stresses. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:889-893)
GPs back withdrawal of health reform bill
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More than 98% of respondents to an online survey think that the Royal College of General Practitioners should call for the Health and Social Care Bill to be withdrawn, as part of a joint approach with other colleges.

Even without a joint approach more than 90% of respondents still said they either strongly supported or supported the college in proceeding alone in calling for the bill’s withdrawal.

This is the third poll carried out by the college, and with 2600 completed responses it is its largest yet. More than 60% of doctors said that they felt more negative about the effect of the bill on the NHS than they did at the time of the college’s …
Acceleration of stiffness in underperfused diabetic rat hearts by glyburide, a KATP channel blocker, and its prevention by levcromakalim and insulin
Authors: M Higuchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

To clarify the role of the KATP channels in myocardial dysfunction during underperfusion with norepinephrine (NE) in the diabetic heart, particularly the heart treated with sulphonylurea derivatives.Isolated 6-week streptozotocin-diabetic rat hearts with a balloon in the left ventricle (LV) were paced and perfused with normoxic Krebs-Henseleit solution. Agents were infused for 15-25 min before as well as during 60-min underperfusion (2 ml/min/g heart weight) with 10(-6) M NE. Regional myocardial flow distribution was measured using dye microspheres. The effects of ex vivo glyburide (10(-6) M, a sulphonylurea anti-diabetic drug and a specific KATP channel inhibitor) on contractile dysfunction and abnormal regional myocardial energy metabolism were examined during underperfusion with NE in the absence of presence of levcromakalim (10(-4) M, a selective K+ channel opener) and insulin (2 mU/min/g heart weight).The flow rate was greater in the LV subendocardium than the subepicardium during normal perfusion, and smaller at 60-min underperfusion with NE. The LV diastolic tension and pressure during underperfusion with NE increased more rapidly in the presence of glyburide. At 60-min underperfusion with NE, the diastolic pressure elevation was still higher in the glyburide-treated heart, and decreases in tissue ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), energy charge, phosphorylation potential and CP/inorganic phosphate (P(i)) ratio, and increases in AMP, P(i) and lactate were more marked in the glyburide-treated heart, particularly in the LV subendocardium. Thus, ex vivo glyburide enhanced the increase in LV stiffness and abnormal myocardial energy metabolism during underperfusion with NE in diabetic hearts. These changes were reduced by levcromakalim to the level during underperfusion with NE without glyburide. Insulin did not prevent the glyburide-induced earlier exacerbation of the increase in LV stiffness during underperfusion with NE, but reduced the detrimental effects 20 min after the onset of underperfusion.KATP channels in the diabetic myocardium probably open during underperfusion with NE, and it helps delay the initiation of the increase in cardiac stiffness. Glyburide may have harmful effects in the ischemic diabetic heart; the myocardial KATP channel blockade during underperfusion with NE enhanced the increase in LV stiffness and abnormal myocardial energy metabolism. The glyburide-induced detrimental effects in the ischemic diabetic heart are prevented by levcromakalim and partly by insulin.
The End of Life
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1974)

These discussions on the predicament of the end of life occurred at the 1972 Nobel Conference before an audience that included representatives from universities and high schools. The Harvard biologist, George Wald, talked about the "Origin of Death"; the Swedish physiologist, U. S. von Euler, discussed "Physiology and Aspects of Aging and Death"; Nathan A. Scott, Jr., Professor of Theology and Literature at Chicago, presented "The Modern Imagination of Death"; Alexander Comfort, Director of Medical Research Council on Aging, University College, London, discussed "Changing the Life Span"; and the topic of Krister Stendahl, Dean of the Harvard Divinity School, was "Immortality is Too Much and Too Little." Wald's charming essay traces life from the first primitive organisms. All living creatures do not die; death seems to have been a rather late invention in evolution. Every creature alive today represents an unbroken line of life that stretches back some three billion
Several databases give free access now
Authors: F. McLean
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Delamothe mentions several initiatives to provide free access to biomedical literature.1 Medline is a medical database that may be enough for a general search and is accessible free via PubMed (pubmed.gov/). For a comprehensive search, however, it can be important to search other databases too. The choice depends on the subject area, how much time you have, and whether you can access databases that charge (the American and United Kingdom governments provide free access to some databases).

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is a key source for …
X-Rays and Radium in the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin.
Authors: George Miller MacKee
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A cluster of deaths by footwear, 1894-1900
Authors: M. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

When the 1837 Act for Registering Births, Deaths and Marriages established national registers, the first priority of the Registrar General and of his Superintendent Registrar, Dr William Farr, was to ensure the comprehensiveness of the 940 000 events registered each year. Conscious of the prevalence of idiosyncratic diagnoses of the causes of death, and of the potential value of comparing patterns in different populations, Farr led a campaign for the international standardization of causes of death according to modern medical concepts, to which we owe the International Classification of Diseases.

Despite the best educational efforts of the Registrars General, their annual reports for England, 1863-1911, included, ‘sting by a blue bottle’, ‘bite of a leech’, ‘bite of a child’ and ‘Indian corn blown in ear’, as registered causes of death. The brief period 1894 to 1900 saw a remarkable cluster of 28 deaths reported as having been caused by boots. ‘Tight boots’ was given as cause of death for 4 females, ages 35-64, and for 18 males, ages 1-84, while ‘chaffing boot’ killed one female in the age group 5-9 years. ‘Injury by boot’ accounted for the deaths of 4 females in the age range 4-64, ‘rubbing by boot’ the death of 1 female in the age group 15-19. Neither in the preceeding years 1863 to 1894, nor in subsequent years 1900 to 1911, was the boot mentioned as causal agent.

The Registrars General have noted the emergence and disappearance of certain diagnoses in their Death Register over the generations, and have accounted for these phenomena. However, it is not evident how, by applying the underlying principles, one might account for the time cluster of boot-associated deaths. The contemporary authors Gissing, Wells and Collins, though their booted heroes and heroines trudged repeatedly across London and far out into its suburbs, provide no clues to the reasons for this mystery.
Post-Transfusion Purpura
Authors: Philip L. Cimo, Richard H. Aster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

POST-TRANSFUSION purpura (PTP) is a rare but well defined syndrome first characterized by Shulman et al.1 as a severe megakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura developing one week after blood transfusion. In each case a platelet isoantibody has been present in the patient's serum that reacted demonstrably with transfused donor platelets but not with the patient's own platelets. All the nine patients described thus far have been women, and in each thrombocytopenia has been profound. Despite the associated life-threatening hemorrhage, the disease appears to be self-limited, since all patients have recovered in 40 days or less.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 One patient treated by a 70 per . . .
Delayed Fertilization and Down's Syndrome
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the inquiry by Asensi and Prieto, "Can Abnormal Ovulation Be an Etiologic Factor in Down's Syndrome?" (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, 237:2330, 1977). A patient of Asensi and Prieto purportedly could recognize the time of ovulation by presence of a "tingling sensation" on the side from which the oocyte was released. Five days after presumptive ovulation from the right ovary, the patient renewed sexual activity after a prior period of abstinence; on the same day "tingling" also occurred on the left side. The patient gave birth to a child with a Down's syndrome karotype 244 days later. The authors wondered whether "a 21-day prematurely released ovum" could be etiologically related to "the defective child." The respondent did not directly answer the query, in my opinion, and thus the following comments may prove informative. In addition to the unproved but often implicated causes for nondisjunction noted
Response to Comment on: Wing et al. Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From an Ancillary Look AHEAD Study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2937–2944
Authors: Rena R. Wing, Dale S. Bond, Isaias Noel Gendrano, Thomas Wadden, Judy Bahnson, Cora E. Lewis, Stephen Schneider, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Brent Van Dorsten, Raymond C. Rosen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Our recent publication (1) focuses on the changes in sexual function that occurred in overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned to intensive lifestyle intervention or a comparison condition. The primary finding was that the intensive lifestyle intervention had positive effects on those women who reported sexual dysfunction at baseline. Although data are presented on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in this …
A cis element in the recombination activating gene locus regulates gene expression by counteracting a distant silencer
Authors: Nikos Yannoutsos, Vasco Barreto, Ziva Misulovin, Anna Gazumyan, Wong Yu, Nikolaus Rajewsky, Bernardo R Peixoto, Thomas Eisenreich, Michel C Nussenzweig
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
The Diagnosis of Acute Complicated Cholecystitis By Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Liver Imaging
Authors: ROBERT A. WEISGRAU, MILTON J. GUBERTEAU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Increased hepatic activity surrounding the gallbladder fossa during Tc-99m SC liver imaging was observed. Subsequent Tc-99m IDA biliary imaging showed similar findings in the face of nonvisualization of the gallbladder—the classic “rim sign.” Surgery confirmed the diagnosis of complicated acute cholecystitis. This case indicates that a rim sign may be seen with either Tc-99m SC or Tc-99m IDA imaging and may have the same diagnostic significance in both.
The value of combined radionuclide and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and conservative management of minimal or localized osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients
Authors: Lydia Vesco, Hatem Boulahdour, Selim Hamissa, Sandrine Kretz, Jean-Luc Montazel, Leon Perlemuter, Michel Meignan, Alain Rahmouni
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
FORCIBLE NASAL INSPIRATION
Authors: J. Dundas-Grant
Journal: BMJ (1933)

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIAMEDICAL JOUR A 183 liver, liver extract, nor any specific remedy for pernicious anaemia.This he has done for the past six months, and without any treatment whatsoever he has maintained perfect health, with a blood count around 4,500,000 red blood cells, and a haemoglobin percentage of 90.\When last examined (December 21st, 1932) both patient and doctor were entirely satisfied with.the result.
Application of Computational Systems Biology to Explore Environmental Toxicity Hazards
Authors: Karine Audouze, Philippe Grandjean
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Computer-based modeling is part of a new approach to predictive toxicology.We investigated the usefulness of an integrated computational systems biology approach in a case study involving the isomers and metabolites of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to ascertain their possible links to relevant adverse effects.We extracted chemical-protein association networks for each DDT isomer and its metabolites using ChemProt, a disease chemical biology database that includes both binding and gene expression data, and we explored protein-protein interactions using a human interactome network. To identify associated dysfunctions and diseases, we integrated protein-disease annotations into the protein complexes using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.We found 175 human proteins linked to p,p'-DDT, and 187 to o,p'-DDT.Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) was the metabolite with the highest number of links, with 52. We grouped proteins for each compound based on their disease annotations. Although the two data sources differed in linkage to diseases, integrated results predicted that most diseases were linked to the two DDT isomers. Asthma was uniquely linked with p,p'-DDT, and autism with o,p'-DDT. Several reproductive and neurobehavioral outcomes and cancer types were linked to all three compounds.Computer-based modeling relies on available information. Although differences in linkages to proteins may be due to incomplete data, our results appear meaningful and suggest that the parent DDT compounds may be responsible for more disease connections than the metabolites. The findings illustrate the potential use of computational approaches to toxicology.
How long does it take to become fit?
Authors: J Pearn
Journal: BMJ (1980)

To become fit an individual must generate optimal muscle strength and must develop cardiopulmonary reserve, or stamina. Physical fitness programmes require motivation, a graded series of appropriately designed exercises, and scientific surveillance. Motivation and efficiency in fitness programmes depends on early positive feedback to participants, confirming that stamina and strength are developing. A practical field experiment was performed to determine the minimum time that healthy young adults require to reach an initial plateau in objective measures of fitness. Fifty male university undergraduates were studied during an annual volunteer military training camp. Thirty had volunteered to take part in the fitness programme; the remaining 20 had initially rejected the offer but underwent the programme as part of their military training and acted as unmotivated controls. All the subjects became fit within 14 days of starting training, with objective improvement in both absolute strength and pulse recovery times. Non-motivated individuals, training with motivated individuals for 20 minutes each day, can therefore achieve levels of fitness indistinguishable from those of healthy highly motivated subjects. Fitness programmes must be carefully supervised, however, with medical examinations for those about to undergo vigorous exercise.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals hepatic stem-like gene signatures and interplay of miR-200c and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Naoki Oishi, Mia R. Kumar, Stephanie Roessler, Junfang Ji, Marshonna Forgues, Anuradha Budhu, Xuelian Zhao, Jesper B. Andersen, Qing-Hai Ye, Hu-Liang Jia, Lun-Xiu Qin, Taro Yamashita, Hyun Goo Woo, Yoon Jun Kim, Shuichi Kaneko, Zhao-You Tang, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Xin Wei Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) is the second most common type of primary liver cancer. However, its tumor heterogeneity and molecular characteristics are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic profiling of 23 ICC and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma tumor specimens from Asian patients using Affymetrix messenger RNA (mRNA) and NanoString microRNA microarrays to search for unique gene signatures linked to tumor subtypes and patient prognosis. We validated the signatures in an additional 68 ICC cases derived from Caucasian patients. We found that both mRNA and microRNA expression profiles could independently classify Asian ICC cases into two main subgroups, one of which shared gene expression signatures with previously identified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with stem cell gene expression traits. ICC-specific gene signatures could predict survival in Asian HCC cases and independently in Caucasian ICC cases. Integrative analyses of the ICC-specific mRNA and microRNA expression profiles revealed that a common signaling pathway linking miR-200c signaling to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was preferentially activated in ICC with stem cell gene expression traits. Inactivation of miR-200c resulted in an induction of EMT, whereas activation of miR-200c led to a reduction of EMT including a reduced cell migration and invasion in ICC cells. We also found that miR-200c and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) expression were negatively correlated and their expression levels were predictive of survival in ICC samples. NCAM1, a known hepatic stem/progenitor cell marker, was experimentally demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-200c. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ICC and HCC share common stem-like molecular characteristics and poor prognosis. We suggest that the specific components of EMT may be exploited as critical biomarkers and clinically relevant therapeutic targets for an aggressive form of stem cell-like ICC.
Patient complaints procedure uncertain as health councils abolished
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

English community health councils, which have for the past 28 years been the voice of NHS consumers and have helped patients to makes complaints, are to be abolished from 1 September, the government has finally announced.

Their future had been uncertain for some time, but the latest announcement of the formal abolition date was described as the “worst possible news” by the director of the Association of Community Health Councils in England and Wales, Malcolm Alexander.

He argues that the new system of 571 patient forums to replace the 184 community health councils will be seriously underfunded and that …
Postoperative motility of the large intestine in man.
Authors: J P Wilson
Journal: Gut (1975)

Motor activity of the colon in the immediate postoperative period has been studied in human subjects using radiotelemetering capsules, radioopaque markers and serial abdominal radiographs. Following operations outside the abdomen there is a delay of about 16 hours before colonic activity returns. After abdominal operations the delay is from 40 to 48 hours. The length of an operation has no significant effect upon the duration of colonic ileus. The amount of postoperative analgesia has no significant effect upon the duration of colonic ileus. Gaseous distension after laparotomy is confined to the colon.
Safer Dental Anaesthesia
Authors: M. P. Coplans
Journal: BMJ (1967)

a year in this country, a marked improvement on the not-so-distant past.In 1952 22 lives were lost.Similar comment in the Lancet' puts the yearly total of administra- tions for extraction of teeth in the National Health Service at 1.7 million; to which, it says, must be added a large number given in private practice for this purpose, and an increasing number given for conservative dental work.It thus appears that in present- day practice the risk incurred in dentistry by the use of a general anaesthetic is exceed- ingly small.And most of these deaths occur in patients anaesthetized in hospitals, the mortality in dentists' surgeries being about
RELIABILITY OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY OF CORONARY BIFURCATION IS AFFECTED BY THE DISEASE BURDEN: A VOLUMETRIC INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS OF MURRAY&amp;apos;S LAW
Authors: So-Yeon Choi, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Akiko Maehara, Hiroshi Araki, Carlos Oviedo, Jeffrey Moses, Masahiko Ochiai, Seung Jea Tahk, Gary Mintz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)