tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a paradigm to investigate mechanisms of divided and selective attention impairment in the rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gytis Baranauskas, Natasa Svirskiene, Gytis Svirskis
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

In Alzheimer’s disease impaired attention can be detected almost immediately after the first signs of memory loss and is considered to be a major cause of difficulties in the patients everyday life in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Several types of attention are recognized such as divided, selective and sustained attention. Selective and divided attention are impaired most in the Alzheimer’s disease patients while sustained attention remains relatively intact. However, most attention tests in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease such as the five-choice serial reaction time task evaluates sustained but not other attention types. We decided to profit from a recent finding that Alzheimer’s patients have an impaired ability to detect objects approaching on a collision course in tests for selective and divided visual attention [1,2]. Collision detection is conserved across species and is performed by specialized collision-sensitive neurons in the superior colliculus of both in humans and rodents facilitating extension to humans of the results obtained in animals.

However, so far little is known about collision-sensitive neurons in rats and mice and such a visual stimulus has not been used in attention tasks in rodents. To establish a paradigm for selective and divided visual attention tests in rodents, we recorded collision sensitive neurons in the rat superior colliculus by employing tetrode extracellular recordings in male, >1 month old rats. Collision sensitive neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus were identified by their ability to respond to stimuli imitating collision but not to the ones veering slightly off. Collision sensitive neurons responded well to both dark (a black image on a white background) and bright (a bright image on a dark background) stimuli. Most putative collision-sensitive neurons could be assigned to eta class. Importantly, responses of collision-sensitive neurons were highly dependent on contrast, a parameter to be used to evaluate divided attention by presenting two different collision stimuli of different contrast. We will use these tests to investigate the effects of a 2-week intracerebroventricular infusion of beta-amyloid-(1-42), a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease [3], on divided and selective attention. This work was supported by a Lithuanian Research Council grant Nr. VP1-3.1-SMM-08-K-01-022.
Topotecan, a new active drug in the second-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study in patients with refractory and sensitive disease. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Early Clinical Studies Group and New Drug Development Office, and the Lung Cancer Cooperative Group.
Authors: A Ardizzoni, H Hansen, P Dombernowsky, T Gamucci, S Kaplan, P Postmus, G Giaccone, B Schaefer, J Wanders, J Verweij
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To assess activity and toxicity of topotecan in previously treated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable SCLC, progressive after one first-line regimen, were eligible for the study. Two groups of patients were selected: (1) patients who failed first-line treatment &lt; or = 3 months from chemotherapy discontinuation (refractory group); and (2) patients who responded to first-line treatment and progressed greater than 3 months after chemotherapy discontinuation (sensitive group). Topotecan was administered as a 30-minute daily infusion at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks. RESULTS One hundred one patients were entered onto the study and 403 courses were administered. Ninety-two patients (47 refractory and 45 sensitive) were eligible and assessable for response. Among refractory patients, there were two partial responses (PRs) and one complete response (CR), for an overall response rate of 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3% to 17.6%), whereas in the sensitive group, there were 11 PRs and six CRs, for an overall response rate of 37.8% (95% CI, 23.8% to 53.5%). Overall median duration of response was 7.6 months. Median survival was 5.4 months; median survival of refractory patients was 4.7 months, whereas that of sensitive patients was 6.9 months (P = .002). Median survival of responding patients was 12.5 months. Toxicity was mainly hematologic. Leukopenia, although short-lived, was universal, with grade III and IV neutropenia occurring in 28% and 46.8% of cycles, respectively. Nonhematological toxicity was mild. Fatigue/malaise was reported in 39.3% of cycles and transient elevation of liver enzymes in 17%. CONCLUSION Topotecan has significant activity in SCLC, particularly in patients sensitive to prior chemotherapy, with predictable and manageable toxicity. The incorporation of topotecan in combination chemotherapy regimens for future treatment of SCLC is warranted.
Biomarkers for pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Elisabeth Bendstrup, Søren Mellemkjær, Ole Hilberg, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Ulf Simonsen, Charlotte Andersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP)>25 mmHg. New patients with ILD are screened by echocardiography to detect signs of PH. This study evaluates NT-proBNP, D-dimer, uric acid and exhaled NO as biomarkers in diagnosis of PH in patients with ILD.

206 patients with ILD were screened for PH by echocardiography. A tricuspid pressure gradient (TI) ≥ 40 mmHg, dilatation or decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) indicated PH on echocardiography. If possible, right heart catheterisation (RHC) was performed in patients with PH on echocardiography to confirm the diagnosis. Levels of biomarkers in patients with and without PH on echocardiography, were measured and sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV) for detection of PH were calculated.

Results (mean±SEM): 30 patients had PH based on echocardiography (TI = 59±3 mmHg). In 19 patients, RHC data were obtained, and in 18, the diagnosis of PH was confirmed (MPAP = 39±2 mmHg). There was a statistical significant relationship between high values of NT-proBNP and the presence of PH, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.85. With a cut-off value of 110 ng/l, higher values of NT-proBNP had a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 55%, a NPV = 98% and PPV = 27% for detecting PH on echo. 47% of the patients had NT-proBNP values below 110 ng/l. There was no statistical significant relationship between the levels of uric acid, fibrin D-dimer and exhaled NO and the presence of PH.

Conclusion: A value of NT-pro-BNP below 110 ng/l may be used to rule out the presence of PH, and to reduce the need for echocardiographic screening for PH in ILD patients.
Clinical impact of the wireless remote management system of home oxygen therapy for elderly patients
Authors: Shinya Sugiyama, Satoshi Kasagi, Yuuki Togashi, Akahito Fujiwara, Mariko Yanagihara, Hideaki Nakayama, Yasuhiro Setoguchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

l  Background  g   Home oxygen therapy(HOT) has expanded because of the coverage under the public health insurance program in Japan since 1985. There are cases where compliance of oxygen inhalation time and oxygen flow rate as prescribed doctor side is not avoided in the device scurrently available HOT. In particular, increasing elderly population gives rise to the socio-clinical problem whether elderly patients can operate the system of home oxygen . To circumvent this problem, wireless remote management system of HOT has been developed. Therefore, more research on the validity and reliability of the new device is necessary.   l  Aim and Objects  g  It was aimed to verify that it can use the new device of ease for elderly patients, irrespective of age or cognitive impairment. We assessed the patients.   l  Methods  g  We measured the Operation Score by using the new device named Pallet9s (HOSHI IRYO-SANKI CO., LTD. Tokyo, Japan). We investigated the efficacy of new device by examining the relevance patient characteristics, cognitive function test (MMSE), the Operation Score .   l  Results  g  Among diagnosed patients, 78.4 % were male , the mean age was 73.7 ± 6.2 years. Finally data about 37 patient s were assessed and among them 11 (29.7%) had COPD and 10 (27.0%) had IP. Operation Score significantly correlated with MMSE in all cases ( r=0.7626 , pl0.001) , but did not correlate with age. Operation Score significantly negative correlated with age in over 75 years old patients ( r=0.5391 , pl0.001) .   l  Conclusions  g  It was suggested that the usability of Pallet9s is related to the degree of cognitive impairment than age , and considered a sufficient guidance for use in the elderly is required .
Inhalational challenge using hypertonic saline in asthmatic subjects: a comparison with responses to hyperpnoea, methacholine and water
Authors: CM Smith, SD Anderson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Non-isotonic aerosols are being used increasingly for bronchial provocation testing in patients with asthma. We investigated changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in response to inhaling ultrasonically nebulized 4.5% saline in 10 normal subjects and 68 subjects with asthma. A comparison of the sensitivity to this challenge was made with sensitivity to challenge with methacholine, water, exercise and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH). In normal subjects the FEV1 was reduced by 6 +/- 2% (mean +/- SD) after inhalation of 33 ml of aerosol. Eighty four percent of the asthmatic subjects exhibited a fall in FEV1 of greater than 20% after inhaling 4.5% saline. The provoking dose (geometric mean +/- 95% confidence limits) of saline to induce a 20% fall (PD20) was 2.05 ml (1.34-4.48). The sensitivity to inhaled 4.5% saline was significantly related (p less than 0.001) with responsiveness to methacholine, exercise and EVH, but not to water. Those patients recording a PD20 to 4.5% saline had a PD20 to methacholine less than 2 mumol which is a response consistent with moderate to severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
An Invariant T Cell Receptor α Chain Defines a Novel TAP-independent Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ib–restricted α/β T Cell Subpopulation in Mammals
Authors: Florence Tilloy, Emmanuel Treiner, Se-Ho Park, Corinne Garcia, François Lemonnier, Henri de la Salle, Albert Bendelac, Marc Bonneville, Olivier Lantz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

We describe here a new subset of T cells, found in humans, mice, and cattle. These cells bear a canonical T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain containing hAV7S2 and AJ33 in humans and the homologous AV19-AJ33 in mice and cattle with a CDR3 of constant length. These T cells are CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) T cells in the three species and also CD8alphaalpha in humans. In humans, their frequency was approximately 1/10 in DN, 1/50 in CD8alpha+, and 1/6,000 in CD4(+) lymphocytes, and they display an activated/memory phenotype (CD45RAloCD45RO+). They preferentially use hBV2S1 and hBV13 segments and have an oligoclonal Vbeta repertoire suggesting peripheral expansions. These cells were present in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II- and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient humans and mice and also in classical MHC class I- and CD1-deficient mice but were absent from beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice, indicating their probable selection by a nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule distinct from CD1. The conservation between mammalian species, the abundance, and the unique selection pattern suggest an important role for cells using this novel canonical TCR alpha chain.
Consumption of hot spicy foods and mortality—is chilli good for your health?
Authors: Nita G Forouhi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Benefits are plausible, but evidence is preliminary

Diet and nutrition have long been regarded as central to health and longevity. Given the vast variety and complexity of human diets, however, the ongoing challenge has been to identify the specific dietary components with a direct effect on health and mortality. The general consensus is that health gains for chronic disease are most likely from healthy dietary patterns that include adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, fibre, and fish and that are low in red and processed meats, sugary beverages, and salt.1 2 3 Yet there remains a parallel interest in other common dietary components that may serve as functional foods. Hot spices are one such example and are the subject of a linked paper by Lv and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.h3942).4 

Among 0.5 million adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank the authors examined the prospective association of self reported consumption of spicy foods with total and cause specific mortality. Over a median of 7.2 years of observation with 3.5 million person years, during which 20 224 deaths occurred, they report a 14% lower risk (95% confidence interval 10% to 18%) …
Antifungal de-escalation was not associated with adverse outcome in critically ill patients treated for invasive candidiasis: post hoc analyses of the AmarCAND2 study data
Authors: Sébastien Bailly, Olivier Leroy, Philippe Montravers, Jean-Michel Constantin, Hervé Dupont, Didier Guillemot, Olivier Lortholary, Jean-Paul Mira, Pierre-François Perrigault, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Detection of volatile organic compounds in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Nir Peled, Radu Ionescu, Pauline Nol, Orna Barash, Matt McCollum, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Matthew Koslow, Randal S. Stahl, Jack Rhyan, Hossam Haick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

a b s t r a c t We report here on a novel methodology in detecting Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in cat- tle, based on identifying unique volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or a VOC profile in the breath of cattle. The study was conducted on an M. bovis-infected dairy located in southern Colorado, USA, and on two tuberculosis-free dairies from northern Colorado examined as negative controls. Gas- chromatography/mass-spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 2 VOCs associated with M. bovis infection and 2 other VOCs associated with the healthy state in the exhaled breath of M. bovis-infected and not infected animals, yielding distinctly different VOC patterns for the two study groups. Based on these results, a nanotechnology-based array of sensors was then tailored for detection of M. bovis-infected cattle via breath. Our system successfully identified all M. bovis-infected animals, while 21% of the not infected animals were classified as M. bovis-infected. This technique could form the basis for a real-time cattle monitoring system that allows efficient and non-invasive screening for new M. bovis infections on dairy farms.
Two cases of bullous eosinophilic cellulitis
Authors: T.C. Ling, F. Antony, C.A. Holden, A. AL-Dawoud, I.H. Coulson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Two cases of bullous eosinophilic cellulitis Get access T.C. Ling, T.C. Ling Departments of Dermatology and †Histopathology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, St Helier's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey SM15 1AA, U.K Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Hope Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. E‐mail: tling3@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Antony, F. Antony Departments of Dermatology and †Histopathology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, St Helier's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey SM15 1AA, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. Holden, C.A. Holden Departments of Dermatology and †Histopathology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, St Helier's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey SM15 1AA, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. AL‐Dawoud, A. AL‐Dawoud Departments of Dermatology and †Histopathology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, St Helier's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey SM15 1AA, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.H. Coulson I.H. Coulson Departments of Dermatology and †Histopathology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, St Helier's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey SM15 1AA, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 1, 1 January 2002, Pages 160–161, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04494.x Published: 01 January 2002
Comparison of the Carcinogenic and Cocarcinogenic Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Hairless Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John H. Epstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Comparison of the Carcinogenic and Cocarcinogenic Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Hairless Mice Get access John H. Epstein, M.D. John H. Epstein, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 34, Issue 6, June 1965, Pages 741–745, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/34.6.741 Published: 01 June 1965 Article history Received: 20 July 1964 Published: 01 June 1965
Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: B D Cheson, P A Cassileth, D R Head, C A Schiffer, J M Bennett, C D Bloomfield, R Brunning, R P Gale, M R Grever, M J Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop to develop a set of standardized diagnostic and response criteria for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinical trials. The French-American-British (FAB) classification was retained for diagnosing AML, with the addition of patients with bone marrow morphologic features of a myelodysplastic syndrome and less than 30% bone marrow blasts, but with greater than or equal to 30% blasts in the peripheral blood. In this report, there are four important subgroups of AML not defined in the FAB classification that are discussed: undifferentiated acute leukemia, MO (AML lacking definitive myeloid differentiation by morphology or conventional cytochemistry but with ultrastructural or immunophenotypic evidence for AML), mixed lineage leukemia, and hypocellular AML. Definitions of response for clinical trials are presented to facilitate comparisons among different studies. Complete remission is considered the only response worth reporting in phase III trials, since lesser responses do not improve survival. Partial remissions may be of interest to identify active new agents in phase I and II studies. Monoclonal antibodies and cytogenetic studies are not part of the routine assessment of remission or reassessment at relapse, and their role in the evaluation of patients with AML is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although we recognize that some of the definitions in this report are arbitrary, generalized use of these guidelines will make results of clinical trials more comparable and interpretable.
Interferon inducer in treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ekaterina Makarova, Nikolay Menkov, Maria Czapaeva, Galina Varvarina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are etiological triggers of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Membrane-bound and soluble (s) forms of CD38 antigen are involved in implementation of immune response in viral infections and other pathological conditions.   Aim:  To study the efficacy of complex medicine with interferon (IFN) inducing activity containing ultralow doses of antibodies against IFN-γ, CD-4 and histamine molecules (ergoferon) in treatment of ARVI in COPD patients and its influence on sCD38 level.   Patients and methods:  Open comparative clinical trial in 2 groups involving 48 adult COPD patients was performed. The 1 st  group (25 patients) received ergoferon for ARVI treatment in standard regimen. The 2 nd  group (23 patients) didn9t receive antiviral treatment. All patients obtained also treatment of COPD and necessary symptomatic therapy. Levels of sCD38 were analyzed in serum of patients and 10 healthy donors using ELISA-method.   Results:  The mean durations of fever and hospitalization were shorter in treatment group than in other group (by 1,7 and 3,8 days respectively). Initial sCD38 serum levels were decreased significantly in both patient groups compared with healthy donors. Significant increase of sCD38 level was observed in the 1 st  group after the treatment. No changes in sCD38 concentration were measured in the other group. Side effects were not registered during the trial.   Conclusion:  The use of IFN inducer (ergoferon) for ARVI treatment in COPD patients leads to reduction of disease duration and normalization of impaired profile of sCD38, a marker of cell activation.
Molecular epidemiology of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with invasive pneumococcal disease in Germany
Authors: R.R. Reinert, M. van der Linden, I. Seegmüller, A. Al-Lahham, A. Siedler, B. Weißmann, A.M. Toschke, R. von Kries
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2007)
Working Late, Courting Stroke
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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