tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T cells carry new ID
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Regulatory T (T reg) cells have a new trademark and a new mode of action to go with it. While searching for a mysterious mechanism of T cell suppression, Deaglio et al. (page 1257) have also discovered a new and improved way to identify and purify T reg cells.






Figure 1

CD39-deficient T reg cells fail to suppress CD4+ T cells, resulting in skin graft rejection (squares).




Some T reg cells suppress effector T cells by secreting inhibitory cytokines. But this suppression can continue even when cytokine activity is blocked, suggesting that other inhibitory mechanisms exist. Getting to the bottom of this mystery has been difficult due to the lack of cell surface markers that can be used to isolate pure populations of T reg cells for functional assays. CD25, a T reg cell surface receptor, is also expressed on activated T cells. Foxp3, on the other hand, is unique to T reg cells, but is hidden inside them.

While looking for alternate mechanisms of T reg–mediated immune suppression, the team considered two cell surface proteins—CD39 and CD73. CD39 is a surface-attached enzyme that jumpstarts the conversion of extracellular nucleotides such as ATP into AMP; AMP is further degraded by CD73 into adenosine—a known anti-inflammatory molecule that dampens T cell activation.

The team found that T reg cells from CD39-deficient mice were 50–60% less effective in inhibiting the proliferation of effector T cells in vitro and failed to prevent host T cells from rejecting skin grafts in transplantation models. CD39, which was previously not detected on T cells, was now found specifically on Foxp3+ T reg cells along with CD73. These surface proteins thus offer a simpler way to zero in on this hard-to-catch population.
STDs in Cambodia
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer Quality Alliance: Blueprint for a Better Cancer Care System
Authors: C. Rose, E. Stovall, P. A. Ganz, C. Desch, M. Hewitt
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

The Cancer Quality Alliance (CQA), a national alliance advocating for improvements in the quality of cancer care in America, presents a set of 5 case studies that depict a vision of quality cancer care and a "Blueprint" for actions to realize this vision. The CQA Blueprint case studies feature patients with soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer, rectal cancer, and Hodgkin disease and focus on key phases in the cancer care trajectory: detection, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment/survivorship, and end of life. Each case study begins with a patient summary, follows with a worst- and a best-case scenario, and concludes with a discussion section identifying "what went right" in the best case and "what went wrong" in the worst case. Steps to be taken by key stakeholders, for example, health care providers, insurers/payers, policy makers, and patients and families, are then outlined. By juxtaposing a worst- and best-case scenario, the cancer care case studies elucidate the origins of complex health care problems and clarify the actions needed to overcome them. The CQA will make the case studies available for use as teaching tools to give health care providers and patients themselves descriptions of how the health care system should work to achieve the ultimate benefit for an individual living with, through, and beyond a diagnosis of cancer. The CQA adopted the definition of quality health care of the Institute of Medicine, and the analysis of care provided in the discussion section of each case study is framed using 6 quality improvement aims identified in the Institute of Medicine's report, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Health care quality may be judged according to its safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity.
Dilatation of 'impossible' malignant oesophageal strictures using angiographic techniques.
Authors: F E Murray, J Guben, D H Birkett, D R Cave
Journal: Gut (1988)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop and validate an interprofessional collaboration competency scale for children with medical complexity (ICC-CMC). These children have the most complex healthcare needs, complicated chronic conditions, severe functional limitations and often need a considerable amount of healthcare resources. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> The self-administered ICC-CMC questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and 12 expert interviews. <h3>Participants</h3> Participants were 2347 interprofessionals from the health, medical, welfare and education fields in seven prefectures in Japan. <h3>Main outcome measure(s)</h3> We used Cronbach’s alpha values to assess the internal consistency of the scale. Construct validity was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis, and an existing scale was administered to assess criterion-related validity. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 378 professionals provided valid responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified 12 items on three factors: ‘sharing needs assessment skills’, ‘resource development skills’ and ‘creative networking skills’. The final model showed good fit on four indices (eg, goodness of fit index: 0.925). The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.93 and was above 0.80 for each factor. The correlation coefficient between the existing scale and the ICC-CMC was 0.72 (p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The ICC-CMC demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and validity. The scale has potential use in advancing professionals’ individual practice and team performance in interprofessional collaboration. In addition, the ICC-CMC has the potential of improving satisfaction and outcomes for children with medical complexity and their families.
Abstract PD04-08: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients two years after adjuvant chemotherapy depending on endocrine treatment — The German SUCCESS-Trial
Authors: W Janni, T Zwingers, P Hepp, U Andergassen, A Schneeweiss, W Lichtenegger, MW Beckmann, H Sommer, K Pantel, J Salmen, J Jueckstock, BK. Rack
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The prognostic significance of CTC in metastatic, as well as in primary breast cancer has been demonstrated (Rack et al., ASCO 2010). The optimal endocrine treatment strategy for postmenopausal patients (pts) with hormone sensitive breast cancer remains unclear.We analyzed the prevalence of CTC two years after primary diagnosis in patients with tamoxifen or anastrozole treatment. Methods: As part of the translational research project of the German SUCCESS-trial, we analyzed 23ml of peripheral blood from 307 N+ and high risk N-postmenopausal pts with hormone sensitive breast cancer two years after adjuvant taxane based chemotherapy and with tamoxifen or anastrozole treatment. The presence of CTCs was assessed with the CellSearchSystem (Veridex, USA). After immunomagnetic enrichment with an anti-Epcam-antibody, cells were labelled with anti-cytokeratin (8,18,19) and anti-CD45 antibodies to distinguish between epithelial cells and leukocytes. Standard within the study was early switch treatment (tamoxifen for 2 years, followed by anastrozle), while pts with contraindications against tamoxifen were allowed to receive anastrozole up-front. Results: In 10.1% of pts (n=31) &amp;gt;1 CTC was detected after the completion of chemotherapy (range 2-33), while 7.8% (n=24) presented with &amp;gt;1 CTC (range 2-99) two years after completion of chemotherapy. The median age in the tamoxifen group was 59.9 years and 59.8 in the anastrozole group. In the tamoxifen group, 33.0% of the pts had a pT1 tumor, 5.3% G1 grading and 21.6% of the pts were node negative. In the anastrozole group, 30.0% of the pts had a pT1 tumor, 7.5% G1 grading and 22.5% of the pts were node negative, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant. After the completion of chemotherapy, 9.7% of the pts were CTC positive in the tamoxifen group (range number of cells: 2-33) and 11.3% in the anastrozole group (range of cells: 2-24), p=0.69. Two years after primary diagnosis, 7.9% of the pts were CTC positive in the tamoxifen group (range number of cells:2-99) and 7.5% in the anastrozole group (range cells: 2-5), p=0.90. Actuarial disease free and overall survival will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The prognostic relevance of CTC in peripheral blood of early breast cancer patients both before and after chemotherapy has been demonstrated. The presented data will add information on the monitoring potential of CTC during adjuvant endocrine treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-08.
The transcription factor E4BP4 regulates the production of IL-10 and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Yasutaka Motomura, Hiroshi Kitamura, Atsushi Hijikata, Yuko Matsunaga, Koichiro Matsumoto, Hiromasa Inoue, Koji Atarashi, Shohei Hori, Hiroshi Watarai, Jinfang Zhu, Masaru Taniguchi, Masato Kubo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Immediate evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies for clinically suspected rejection after heart transplantation.
Authors: G L Winters, P J Hauptman, J A Jarcho, F J Schoen
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Acute rejection may be suspected in heart transplant recipients in the setting of new onset of clinical symptoms or alterations in cardiac function. Immediate diagnosis may be obtained by performing a frozen section on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens. However, little is known about the indications for, and the diagnostic reliability of, this procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS EMBs with frozen section (n = 98) from 65 of 214 consecutive orthotopic heart transplant recipients were reviewed and divided into early (&lt; or = 45 days; n = 47) and late (&gt; 45 days; n = 51) posttransplant periods. Frozen section diagnoses (means = 1.5 EMB samples) were compared with corresponding permanent section diagnoses (means = 4.4 EMB samples), and clinical indications were analyzed. Comparison of frozen and permanent section interpretation revealed concordant pathological processes-rejection (n = 31) versus no rejection (n = 37) versus ischemic injury (n = 20)-in 88 of 98 (90%) cases. Discordant pathological processes on frozen versus permanent section in 10 of 98 (10%) cases could be attributed to ischemic injury (n = 5), sampling (n = 4), and infection (n = 1). In the 92 cases with defined clinical indications, the indication and number of EMBs positive for rejection early and late after transplantation were arrhythmia: 2 of 12 early, 4 of 10 late; congestive heart failure: 1 of 2 early, 5 of 12 late; fever: 0 of 2 early, 1 of 4 late; echo abnormality: 0 of 5 early, 0 of 1 late; syncope: 1 of 5 early, 0 of 1 late; hypotension: 1 of 3 early, 1 of 2 late; noncompliance: 0 of 0 early, 4 of 5 late; more than one of the above: 3 of 7 early, 2 of 5 late; other: 1 of 7 early, 1 of 9 late; total: 9 of 43 early, 18 of 49 late. CONCLUSIONS Frozen section on EMB specimens accurately reflected the permanent section diagnosis in 90% of cases. No specific clinical indication predicted EMB rejection positivity with high sensitivity in either the early or late posttransplant periods.
Active psoriasis and profound CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytopenia
Authors: C.M HARDMAN, B.S BAKER, J. LORTAN, J. BREUER, T. SURENTHERAN, A. POWLES, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report the case of a patient with a long-standing history of widespread chronic plaque psoriasis, who was recently found to have a profound CD4+ lymphocytopenia. He is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. His psoriasis remains active and widespread, and he has had 60 cutaneous malignancies, including many squamous cell carcinomas, excised over the last 10 years. In the past he has had numerous cutaneous viral warts. Despite a low peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell count, similar numbers of activated T cells, identified by double labelling for CD4 and HLA-DR antigens, were found in the epidermis of our patient as other individuals with psoriasis. Thus, there appear to be sufficient activated CD4+ T cells in our patient's psoriatic plaques to maintain the psoriatic process.
Ethical Debate: Doctors' duty to patients
Authors: T. Sensky
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Faced with a patient who refuses urgent treatment for a potentially life threatening condition, doctors sometimes ask a psychiatrist for help. They often ask the psychiatrist to make a patient subject to a section of the Mental Health Act,1 assuming that the patient's refusal to consent to treatment must be evidence of a mental disorder or that the Mental Health Act will assist in the patient's immediate management. The first assumption is not necessarily correct or relevant, and the second assumption is usually wrong.

The Mental Health Act applies only to people suffering from a mental disorder. In the second case presented, if a psychiatrist had been able to make an assessment of the patient …
ZINC IONIZATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: W. E. Crosbie
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Embolism of the retina is not a very rare misfortune, and, by the unv&rying.law of chance, aeertain pereentage of cases end later by Bright's disease.Ex`amination of a number of these might throw light on the etiology of monocular retinitis.
Estrogen plus Progestin and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Judith Hsia, Karen C. Johnson, Jacques E. Rossouw, Annlouise R. Assaf, Norman L. Lasser, Maurizio Trevisan, Henry R. Black, Susan R. Heckbert, Robert Detrano, Ora L. Strickland, Nathan D. Wong, John R. Crouse, Evan Stein, Mary Cushman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Recent randomized clinical trials have suggested that estrogen plus progestin does not confer cardiac protection and may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this report, we provide the final results with regard to estrogen plus progestin and CHD from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
Distribution of joint mobility in a normal population: results of the use of fixed torque measuring devices.
Authors: A J Silman, D Haskard, S Day
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Fixed torque measuring devices were used to measure the range of movement at three sites in 364 normal adolescents and young adults. The results confirm the findings of less reproducible measurement techniques that joint mobility at a particular site follows a Gaussian distribution with a wide range in a normal population. In addition, apart from very few individuals, mobility at one site could not predict mobility elsewhere. It seems likely that the degree of connective tissue laxity generally is of lesser importance than local factors in determining the range of joint mobility at a given site in normal individuals.
Polymorphisms in mTORC1 Genes Modulate Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Chinese Populations
Authors: Mei-Ling Zhu, Hongping Yu, Ting-Yan Shi, Jing He, Meng-Yun Wang, Qiao-Xin Li, Meng-Hong Sun, Li Jin, Ya-Jun Yang, Jiu-Cun Wang, Jia-Qing Xiang, Qing-Yi Wei
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
A Common Mutation in the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene (N291S) Alters the Lipoprotein Phenotype and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Marianne E. Wittekoek, Simon N. Pimstone, Paul W. A. Reymer, Lisette Feuth, Gert-Jan Botma, Joep C. Defesche, M. Prins, Michael R. Hayden, John J. P. Kastelein
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Recently, a mutation in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (N291S) has been reported in 2% to 5% of individuals in western populations and is associated with increased triglyceride (TG) and reduced HDL cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations. Methods and Results —Here we report a significant alteration in biochemical and clinical phenotype in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who are heterozygous for this N291S LPL mutation. Sixty-four FH heterozygotes carrying the N291S mutation had significantly a higher TG level ( P =.004), a higher ratio of total cholesterol to HDLC ( P &lt;.001), and lower HDLC concentrations ( P =.002) compared with 175 FH heterozygotes without this LPL mutation. Moreover, the N291S mutation conferred a significantly greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease in FH heterozygotes compared with FH heterozygotes without this LPL mutation (odds ratio, 3.875; P =.006). Conclusions —These data provide evidence that a common LPL variant (N291S) significantly influences the biochemical phenotype and risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with FH.
Copper deficiency‐induced anemia and neutropenia secondary to intestinal malabsorption
Authors: Bruce A. Hayton, H. Elizabeth Broome, Rogerio C. Lilenbaum
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

A patient with a history of partial gastrectomy presented with severe anemia, neutropenia, intestinal malabsorption, and was found to be severely copper-deficient. The anemia and neutropenia corrected promptly with the administration of intravenous cupric chloride. This case suggests that partial gastrectomy with or without intestinal malabsorption can result in copper deficiency and should be considered in differential diagnosis of severe anemia and neutropenia.
An Aging Un-American
Authors: Kate Scannell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

My new patient barely returned my handshake. Instead, she hurried to the cramped center of the exam room and knelt on the yoga mat she had placed on the floor. Within seconds, her nimble body twisted into implausible forms — a human pretzel, a sailor's knot, a fleshy corkscrew.“You see,” she explained while extending her spine into an improbable arch, “I can't do the cobra or downward dog like I used to. I just want to know if there's something wrong with me.”I reread her doctor's referral note: “76-year-old woman, complains of gradual stiffening over last several years. . . .
NURSERY OUTBREAK OF SEVERE DIARRHŒA DUE TO MULTIPLE STRAINS OF PSEUDOMONAS ÆRUGINOSA
Authors: Deise Pasetto Falcão, Clara Pechmann Mendonça, Arléte Scrassolo, Bertolino Bruno De Almeida, Leo Hart, L.H. Farmer, J.J. Farmer
Journal: The Lancet (1972)
Death Following Barium Enema in a Child with Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: A. Jolleys
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Laboratory FindingsStool specimens from 24 of the 25 affected children were sent to the laboratory on the first or second day of illness.It was noticed at once that 17 of these were unusually pale in colour, and most were fluid.Fourteen were given careful microscopical study as well as a bacteriological exami- nation; 10 were examined bacteriologically only.The bacteriological examination included a special search for heat-resistant strains of Cl. welchii, and for Bact. coli of the possibly pathogenic D 433 and " Aberdeen beta " types; but these organisms were not found; nor were shigellae or salmonellae.All organisms isolated were recorded; but not one organism of any kind was common to even a majority of cases.It thus appeared that no help could be obtained from the bacteriological examination; and attention was redirected to thbe microscopical findings.No cysts, worms, ova, or protozoa had been found, and no leucocytes or red cells; but globules of neutral fat (staining with Sudan) had been seen in 9 of the 14 cases examined microscopically.These globules were mostly from 10 to 30 ,x in diameter, and were numerous in every microscopical
Age-induced decreases in the messenger RNA coding for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase of the rat heart.
Authors: L M Maciel, R Polikar, D Rohrer, B K Popovich, W H Dillmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Age-associated slowing of cardiac relaxation related to the decline in the Ca2+ pump function of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) has been previously described. It is unclear if the decreased Ca2+ pump function results from a lower amount of Ca2(+)-ATPase protein or a decreased pumping activity of the enzyme. To determine if these alterations could be mediated by changes in the amount of the protein itself, the level of the messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the Ca2(+)-ATPase of the SR of Fischer rat hearts (4- and 30-month-old rats) were quantitated with a Northern blotting technique. We observed that the levels of SR Ca2(+)-ATPase mRNA were 60% lower in old rats as compared with young rats, suggesting that a quantitative reduction in the levels of the corresponding protein could occur during aging to explain the delayed diastolic relaxation documented in old animals as opposed to a change in the specific activity of this enzyme. The thyroid hormone responsiveness of SR Ca2(+)-ATPase mRNA has been previously established. We have found in this study that the thyroxine levels were consistently lower in old rats; however, this difference was relatively small (4.3 +/- 0.7 and 3.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl [mean +/- SD), respectively, in young and old rats). In addition, no age-induced decrease in 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine levels was observed, suggesting that the aging process itself may be responsible for the changes in SR Ca2(+)-ATPase mRNA levels.
Childbearing: Its Social and Psychological Aspects
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The idea for this book originated with three distinguished obstetricians, who wished to determine whether cultural, social, and psychologic factors have significant influence on the course of pregnancy, delivery, and outcome. Although obstetricians have long sensed such an influence, and some recent research has cast considerable light on the problem, it was hoped that a multidisciplined approach might be more fruitful. Unfortunately, the six authorities, eminent in their own respective paramedical fields, could come to no specific conclusions, although they indicate methods by which further studies should be undertaken. For example, Elaine R. Grimm believes there is no evidence that psychologic factors cause physiologic effects, no assurance that the physiologic malfunctioning does not cause the psychologic disturbance. Since many clinicians may well disagree with her, she concedes finally that there has been proved "at most, an association." The one physician among the contributors, Ernest Gruenberg, concludes: "There is no sound
IMPACT OF EARLY SPIRONOLACTONE ADMINISTRATION ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PRESERVED SYSTOLIC FUNCTION: A MATCHED PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS
Authors: Kwang Soo Cha, Jinhee Ahn, Jin Hee Kim, Jin Sup Park, Hye Won Lee, Jun-Hyok Oh, Jung Hyun Choi, Han Cheol Lee, Taek Jong Hong, Jeong Ho Jeong, Youngkeun Ahn, Shung Chull Chae, Young Jo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)