tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In the Best Interest of the Child: Psychological and Ethical Reflections on Traditions, Contexts, and Perspectives in Pediatric Clinical Genomics
Authors: Lynn Bush
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

So long as the child is part of a viable family, his own interests are merged with those of the other members. (Goldstein, Freud, and Solnit 1979, i) The article by Clayton and colleagues (2014) re...
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Ophthalmoplegia: A Progressive, Cardioneurologic Syndrome
Authors: JOHN R. DARSEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Disorders characterized by both neurologic (ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, neuromyopathy) and cardiologic (heart block, cardiomyopathy) abnormalities have been previously called the "opthalmoplegia plus" syndromes. Most are not due to a specific enzyme defect or metabolic abnormality and thus may be similar phenotypic expressions of diverse causes. We studied seven patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and variable ataxia, with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation that progressed in severity as did the neuromuscular manifestations. Abnormal skeletal muscle biopsies showed "ragged-red" fibers or congenital fiber type disproportion; serum alanine levels were elevated; in-vivo and in-vitro tests of pyruvate metabolism gave abnormal results; C4 complement was decreased; and the patients' fibroblasts bound immunoglobulin when incubated with autologous serum. These data suggest a distinct neuromuscular disorder with metabolic and immunologic features associated with mitral valve prolapse and progressive mitral regurgitation.
5-Hydroxytryptamine mediates endothelium dependent coronary vasodilatation in the isolated rat heart by the release of nitric oxide
Authors: P. S Mankad, A. H Chester, M. H Yacoub
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to investigate further the endothelium dependent vasodilator action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the rat coronary circulation.Using saponin to damage the endothelium and L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine), the selective inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, we examined the role of endothelium and nitric oxide in causing 5-HT induced vasodilatation in the isolated rat heart.56 rat hearts were excised and perfused on a Langendorff preparation.5-HT at (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) and glyceryl trinitrate at (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) (n = 24) induced a dose dependent increase in coronary flow. Chemical removal of the endothelium by exposure to saponin (30 micrograms.ml-1) (n = 8) abolished the 5-HT induced vasodilatation but had no effect on the response to glyceryl trinitrate. Pretreatment of rats (n = 8) with L-NMMA (100 mg.kg-1) unmasked a strong vasoconstrictor effect of 5-HT but did not affect the glyceryl trinitrate induced vasodilatation. Perfusion of L-NMMA pretreated hearts with L-arginine at 10(-4) M (n = 8) restored the vasodilatation induced by 5-HT but L-arginine perfusion had no effect on the extent of 5-HT or glyceryl trinitrate induced vasodilatation in normal hearts (n = 8).In the coronary circulation of the isolated rat heart, 5-HT mediates its vasodilator effect via endothelium dependent release of nitric oxide.
The Hammer and the Eye: Beware
Authors: A. Elkington, J. J. Kanski
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In reporting this small series of foreign-body injuries to the eye it is emphasized how normal an eye may appear and yet have a foreign body lurking in its anterior chamber. The patient's account of the injury may be very deceptive and an x-ray picture of the eye must be taken if a foreign body is even remotely suspected, particularly if a hammer is mentioned. Prompt diagnosis followed by well executed surgery leads to good results in these cases.
Clinicopathological study of pancreatic and ganglioneuroblastoma tumours secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vipomas).
Authors: R G Long, M G Bryant, S J Mitchell, T E Adrian, J M Polak, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1981)

During a six-year period (1973-9) 52 patients with pancreatic tumours and 10 with ganglioneuroblastomas were found to have raised plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) concentrations. All the patients had severe secretory diarrhoea, weight loss, dehydration, hypokalaemic acidosis, and a raised plasma urea concentration. Reduced gastric acid secretion was seen in 72% of patients. Plasma VIP concentrations were not raised in patients with diarrhoea due to other types of tumour or disease or in hormone-secreting tumours not associated with diarrhoea. Plasma VIP measurement may therefore give clinical guidance in a patient with persistent watery diarrhoea and hypokalaemic acidosis. Surgical excision was clearly the treatment of choice, but metastatic pancreatic tumours usually responded to streptozotocin.
Muriel Leigh Ford (née Bennett)
Authors: Hazel Ford
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Stockport, Cheshire (b 1914; q Manchester 1937; FFCM) died from carcinomatosis on 14 March 2006.




Figure 1




Muriel worked in general practice in Stockport for 17 years, also being deputy police surgeon for six years. For the next 16 years she was senior school medical officer, specialising in handicapped children, and then principal medical officer, family health, with Manchester Local Health Authority. In 1974 she was a specialist in community medicine for South Manchester Health Authority, becoming president of Manchester Medical Society (community health section) in 1979. A founder member for East Cheshire Hospice, she served as vice president from 2004 until two and a half weeks before her death. Predeceased by her husband and eldest son, Muriel leaves two children, and eight grandchildren.
"Sanitary Sleeping car Accommodations."
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Burlington, Iowa, Nov. 14. 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The abuse of the sleeping-car toilet room as complained of by your correspondent and made the subject of editorial comment inThe Journalof November 9, should be a topic of interest to every one who has the health of the traveling public really at heart. I rode in a sleeping car once, and while I was much more comfortable than some folks might think possible, I still feel that I might have had more for my money. Two dollars a night for a double berth three-quarters wide is enough. But when one has also to contribute an additional 25 cents towards the porter's salary, get an indifferent brush and shine, and see the wash basins used as described, there is room for one to feel that he has been "buncoed." For that extra quarter one has a right to imagine that
West Norfolk and Lynn Hospital: Case of Gun-Shot Wound
Authors: C. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1845)

about five o'clock in the afternoon.The accidental discharge of a gun laden with peas, had carried away the integuments and fleshy parts of the left cheek, completely laying open the mouth, comminuting the lower jaw, and destroying also tie soft parts of the same side of the neck.The accident was said to have occurred about two o'clock, whilst playing with some boys in a field seven or eight mi iles distant from the hospital, and it was stated that he had vomited more than a pint of blood, jind lost much
Breastfeeding and Lung Function at School Age
Authors: Cristian M. Dogaru, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, Ben D. Spycher, Urs Frey, Caroline S. Beardsmore, Michael Silverman, Claudia E. Kuehni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The evidence for an effect of breastfeeding on lung function is conflicting, in particular whether the effect is modified by maternal asthma.To explore the association between breastfeeding and school-age lung function.In the Leicestershire Cohort Studies we assessed duration of breastfeeding (not breastfed, ≤3 months, 4-6 months, and >6 months), other exposures, and respiratory symptoms by repeated questionnaires. Post-bronchodilator FVC, FEV(1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced midexpiratory flow (FEF(50)), and skin prick tests were measured at age 12 years. We performed multivariable linear regression and tested potential causal pathways (N = 1,458).In the entire sample, FEF(50) was higher by 130 and 164 ml in children breastfed for 4 to 6 months and longer than 6 months, respectively, compared with those not breastfed (P = 0.048 and 0.041), with larger effects if the mother had asthma. FVC and FEV(1) were associated with breastfeeding only in children of mothers with asthma (P for interaction, 0.018 and 0.008): FVC was increased by 123 and 164 ml for those breastfed 4 to 6 months or longer than 6 months, respectively (P = 0.177 and 0.040) and FEV(1) was increased by 148 and 167 ml, respectively (P = 0.050 and 0.016). Results were unchanged after adjustment for respiratory infections in infancy and asthma and atopy in the child.In this cohort, breastfeeding for more than 4 months was associated with increased FEF(50) and, in children of mothers with asthma, with increased FEV(1) and FVC. It seems that the effect is not mediated via avoidance of early infections or atopy but rather through a direct effect on lung growth.
Occurrence of Celiac Sprue in a Patient with Fabry's Disease
Authors: CHARLES H. HALSTED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 October 1975Occurrence of Celiac Sprue in a Patient with Fabry's DiseaseCHARLES H. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN W. ROWE, M.D.CHARLES H. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN W. ROWE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-524 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGluten-sensitive enteropathy has been found in association with several diseases including dermatitis herpetiformis, diabetes mellitus, and immunoglobulin A deficiency. The HLA-8 histocompatibility antigen is present in 80% of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy compared with 20% of the normal population (1).A patient with Fabry's disease (glycosphingolipidosis) was found to have gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the HLA-8 antigen. Review of the literature indicates that abnormal intestinal function is not infrequent in Fabry's disease although intestinal malabsorption has not been previously documented.A 59-year-old white man presented with scrotal angiokeratomas. He had been thin all his adult life and had experienced occasional abdominal...References1. FALCHUKROGENTINESTROBER AGW: Predominance of histocompatibility antigen HLA-8 in patients with gluten sensitive enteropathy. J Clin Invest 51:1602-1605, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FLYNNLAKEBOOTHBY DBC: Gut lesions in Fabry's disease without a rash. Arch Dis Child 47:26-33, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ROWEGILLIAMWARTHIN JJT: Intestinal manifestations of Fabry's disease. Ann Intern Med 81:628-631, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar4. BRADYGALBRADLEY RAR: Enzymatic defect in Fabry's disease: ceramide trihexosidase deficiency. N Engl J Med 276:1163-1167, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GEBHARDFALCHUKKATZ RAS: Dermatitis herpetiformis: immunologic concomitants of small intestinal disease and relationship to histocompatibility antigen HLA-8. J Clin Invest 54:98-103, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES H. HALSTED, M.D., F.A.C.P.; JOHN W. ROWE, M.D.Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Gerontology Research Center of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda, Maryland 20014 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMolecular pathology and clinical manifestations of Fabry diseaseDifferent phenotypic expression in relatives with Fabry disease caused by a W226X mutationCase 25-1990Jejunal Diverticulosis With Perforation as a Complication of Fabry's Disease 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 524-525KeywordsAntigensCeliac diseaseDiabetes mellitusEnteropathiesFabry diseaseMajor histocompatibility antigens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE LIBRARY OF SIR D'ARCY POWER
Authors: D'Arcy Power
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I find that it is no longer safe to keep my carefully selected medical library under one roof in London at the present time, as my house has been bombed more than once. I have decided, therefore, to sell it within the next few weeks at Messrs. Sotheby's Auction Rooms at 34 New Bond Street, London W/1. The library includes many autographed copies from my friends in the United States, notably Sir William Osier and Dr. Harvey Cushing, as well as "The Wonderful One-Hoss Shay" given me by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. There is a remarkable collection of the "Regimen Sanitatis Salerni," some sixty editions in English, French and German, dating from before the time of printing until 1915, when it was last printed at Liege during the siege to show the Germans that work was being carried on as before. The object of this collection was
AML1/Runx1 rescues Notch1-null mutation-induced deficiency of para-aortic splanchnopleural hematopoiesis
Authors: Masahiro Nakagawa, Motoshi Ichikawa, Keiki Kumano, Susumu Goyama, Masahito Kawazu, Takashi Asai, Seishi Ogawa, Mineo Kurokawa, Shigeru Chiba
Journal: Blood (2006)
Myocardial oxygen tension determines the degree and pressure range of coronary autoregulation.
Authors: W P Dole, D W Nuno
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Experiments were designed to separate effects of myocardial oxygen tension and oxygen consumption on coronary autoregulation. The approach was to measure coronary hemodynamic and metabolic responses to decreases in perfusion pressure during interventions that altered the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Studies were conducted in anesthetized heart-blocked dogs with the left coronary artery perfused from a pressure-controlled blood reservoir. Decreasing oxygen consumption by lowering heart rate from 120 to 40 bpm increased coronary venous oxygen tension and reduced the degree of flow autoregulation between 120 and 80 mm Hg by threefold. In contrast to effects of bradycardia, coronary constriction with vasopressin or indomethacin (heart rate 120 bpm), which produced comparable increases in baseline vascular resistance, decreased coronary venous oxygen tension, and augmented flow autoregulation by nearly twofold. Initial coronary venous oxygen tension but not oxygen consumption was strongly correlated with a quantitative index of autoregulation (-0.052 PO2 + 2.01, R2 = 0.86) over the pressure range of 120 to 80 mm Hg. When heart rate was lowered to 40 bpm and coronary venous oxygen tension subsequently reduced with vasopressin to control values (120 bpm), autoregulation was completely restored. Parallel studies examined the effects of metabolic and pharmacologic interventions on coronary pressure-flow relations over a wide range of pressures. For each 20 mm Hg decrement in pressure between 160 and 80 mm Hg, lowering heart rate attenuated autoregulation whereas pharmacologic coronary constriction augmented autoregulation. The observed variations in the autoregulation index were largely explained by differences in the prevailing venous oxygen tension. Furthermore, the upper pressure limit for autoregulation was dependent on venous oxygen tension with a threshold oxygen tension for autoregulation of 32 mm Hg. These results indicate that coronary autoregulation is closely coupled to the prevailing venous oxygen tension but not oxygen consumption and is facilitated at low venous oxygen tension.
The Physician's Ethical Obligation to Take Care of Patients in Times of Plague
Authors: Chris G. Petrow
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As I read press accounts of the American Medical Association's statement on the ethical obligation of physicians to care for people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, I could not help thinking of Thucydides' celebrated description, in his<i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i>,<sup>1</sup>of the plague that struck Athens in 430 BC. The following are pertinent extracts: At the beginning the doctors were quite incapable of treating the disease because of their ignorance of the right methods. In fact mortality among the doctors was the highest of all, since they came more frequently in contact with the sick. The most terrible thing of all was the despair into which people fell when they realized that they had caught the plague. Terrible, too, was the sight of people dying like sheep through having caught the disease as a result of nursing others. This indeed caused more deaths than anything
Tuberculosis, AIDS, and Death among Substance Abusers on Welfare in New York City
Authors: Lloyd N. Friedman, Michael T. Williams, Tejinder P. Singh, Thomas R. Frieden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In New York City, the incidence of tuberculosis has more than doubled during the past decade. We examined the incidence of tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the rate of death from all causes in a very-high-risk group--indigent subjects who abuse drugs, alcohol, or both.In 1984 we began to study prospectively a cohort of welfare applicants and recipients 18 to 64 years of age who abused drugs or alcohol. The incidence rates of tuberculosis, AIDS, and death for this group were ascertained through vital records and New York City's tuberculosis and AIDS registries.The cohort was followed for eight years. Of the 858 subjects, tuberculosis developed in 47 (5.5 percent), 84 (9.8 percent) were given a diagnosis of AIDS, and 183 (21.3 percent) died. The rates of incidence per 100,000 person-years were 744 for tuberculosis, 1323 for AIDS, and 2842 for death. In this group of welfare clients, the rate of newly diagnosed tuberculosis was 14.8 times that of the age-matched general population of New York City; the rate of AIDS was 10.0 times as high; and the death rate was 5.2 times as high. There was no significant difference in the rate of new cases of tuberculosis between subjects with positive skin tests and those with negative skin tests at examination in 1984.Among indigent alcohol and drug abusers in New York City, the rates of tuberculosis, AIDS, and death are extremely high. In this population, a single positive or negative skin test does not predict the development of tuberculosis, probably because both anergy and new infections are common. If programs to control tuberculosis and AIDS are to be effective in groups of indigent substance abusers, health services must be integrated into the welfare delivery system.
Measurement of electrical potentials of the human rectum and pelvic colon in normal and aldosterone-treated patients
Authors: C. J. Edmonds, R. C. Godfrey
Journal: Gut (1970)

A method is described which allows rapid measurement of the electrical potential difference across colonic mucosal epithelium to be carried out during routine sigmoidoscopy. The potential differences measured had a mean value of 25 mV (range 4 to 51 mV) in 27 subjects with normal bowel. Six hours after two intravenous injections of 0.5 mg aldosterone the potential difference had risen to 60 mV (range 37 to 101 mV). The time course of responses studied after a single injection of aldosterone showed that the potential allowance rose within four hours and had fallen again after 18 hours. Urinary sodium concentrations and sodium/potassium ratios fell after aldosterone injections, the time course of the changes being similar to that of the potential differences of the colon. Sodium concentration of stool fluid also fell. The concentration of chloride in the stool fluid was consistent with a passive distribution of chloride according to the electrochemical gradient, but that of potassium was considerably greater than expected from a passive distribution, suggesting that potassium is actively secreted into the lumen of the colon.
&lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Borrelia burgdorferi&lt;/EMPH&gt;–Specific Immune Complexes in Acute Lyme Disease
Authors: Steven E. Schutzer
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Diagnosis of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease (LD), has been impeded by the lack of effective assays to detect active infection.To determine whether B. burgdorferi-specific immune complexes are detectable during active infection in LD.Cross-sectional analysis of serum samples from 168 patients fulfilling Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance criteria for LD and 145 healthy and other disease controls conducted over 8 years. Tests were performed blinded.Detection of B. burgdorferi immune complexes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot.The B. burgdorferi immune complexes were found in 25 of 26 patients with early seronegative erythema migrans (EM) LD; 105 of 107 patients with seropositive EM LD; 6 of 10 samples that were seronegative [corrected] with culture-positive EM; 0 of 12 patients who were treated and recovered from LD; and 13 of 13 patients with neurologic LD without EM. Among 147 controls, B. burgdorferi immune complex was found in 0 of 50 healthy individuals; 0 of 40 patients with persistent fatigue; 0 of 7 individuals with frequent tick exposure; and 2 of 50 patients with other diseases.These data suggest that B. burgdorferi immune complex formation is a common process in active LD. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi immune complexes by a simple technique has the potential to support or exclude a diagnosis of early as well as active LD infection.
Control of hepatitis B virus replication by innate response of HepaRG cells
Authors: Julie Lucifora, David Durantel, Barbara Testoni, Olivier Hantz, Massimo Levrero, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is currently viewed as a stealth virus that does not elicit innate immunity in vivo. This assumption has not yet been challenged in vitro because of the lack of a relevant cell culture system. The HepaRG cell line, which is physiologically closer to differentiated hepatocytes and permissive to HBV infection, has opened new perspectives in this respect.HBV baculoviruses were used to initiate an HBV replication in both HepG2 and HepaRG cells. To monitor HBV replication, the synthesis of encapsidated DNA, and secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), was respectively analyzed by southern blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The induction of a type I interferon (IFN) response was monitored by targeted quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), low-density arrays, and functional assays. The invalidation of type I IFN response was obtained by either antibody neutralization or RNA interference. We demonstrate that HBV elicits a strong and specific innate antiviral response that results in a noncytopathic clearance of HBV DNA in HepaRG cells. Challenge experiment showed that transduction with Bac-HBV-WT, but not with control baculoviruses, leads to this antiviral response in HepaRG cells, whereas no antiviral response is observed in HepG2 cells. Cellular gene expression analyses showed that IFN-beta and other IFN-stimulated genes were up-regulated in HepG2 and HepaRG cells, but not in cells transduced by control baculoviruses. Interestingly, a rescue of viral replication was observed when IFN-beta action was neutralized by antibodies or RNA interference of type I IFN receptor.Our data suggest that a strong HBV replication is able to elicit a type I IFN response in HepaRG-transduced cells.
Pain in the cancer patient
Authors: R. C. Ho
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

In summary, the ACS has acknowledged the magnitude and severity of the cancer pain problem nationally and recognized that cancer pain can be relieved. It has identified cancer pain control as a priority and has devised programs that emphasize the importance of pain assessment, recognize the availability of pain relief programs, and encourage treatment to achieve optimum pain relief for the cancer patient.