tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PREVENTION OF PELVIC DISEASE DURING AND AFTER LABOR.
Authors: J. F. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The prevention of pelvic disease during and after labor consists in the avoidance of infection and traumatism. Infection is frequently the almost necessary result of traumatism, but traumatism without regard to infection is frequently followed by more or less serious pelvic disturbances. <h3>CLEANLINESS NECESSARY.</h3> During the course of an otherwise normal delivery, the great danger to the mother is from infectioncarried in from without. No modern physician, I take it, believes in auto-infection, that is, in any infection arising from within the pelvis. A chronic disease of the appendix, or of the appendages, may be lighted up by the process of delivery, but no pelvic disease will be initiated except by infection from without. This infection may be introduced in a variety of ways. The very latest bacteriological investigations have shown conclusively that the secretions of the upper part of the vagina are entirely sterile. It is not until they
Mitochondrial myopathy with succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase deficiency. Abnormalities of several iron-sulfur proteins.
Authors: R E Hall, K G Henriksson, S F Lewis, R G Haller, N G Kennaway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recently, we described a patient with severe exercise intolerance and episodic myoglobinuria, associated with marked impairment of succinate oxidation and deficient activity of succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase in muscle mitochondria (1). We now report additional enzymatic and immunological characterization of mitochondria. In addition to severe deficiency of complex II, manifested by reduction of succinate dehydrogenase and succinate:coenzyme Q oxidoreductase activities to 12 and 22% of normal, respectively, complex III activity was reduced to 37% and rhodanese to 48% of normal. Furthermore, although complex I activity was not measured, immunoblot analysis of complex I showed deficiency of the 39-, 24-, 13-, and 9-kD peptides with lesser reductions of the 51- and 18-kD peptides. Immunoblots of complex III showed markedly reduced levels of the mature Rieske protein in mitochondria and elevated levels of its precursor in the cytosol, suggesting deficient uptake into mitochondria. Immunoreactive aconitase was also low. These data, together with the previous documentation of low amounts of the 30-kD iron-sulfur protein and the 13.5-kD subunit of complex II, compared to near normal levels of the 70-kD protein suggest a more generalized abnormality of the synthesis, import, processing, or assembly of a group of proteins containing iron-sulfur clusters.
Public Life and Private Information
Authors: Jonas B. Robitscher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The publication after their death of information on health problems of President Kennedy and Prime Minister Churchill has raised questions on the treating physician's right to divulge information about patients. The problem is not one of privilege, as is often stated, but rather one of confidentiality. This report suggests that, since public personages often manipulate the content of information released about their health during their lifetime, after their deaths their physicians have a right to reveal information clarifying and supplementing lifetime reports without violating the general rule of confidentiality.
A human lymphoma cell line with multiple immunoglobulin rearrangements.
Authors: H Chang, H A Messner, X H Wang, C Yee, L Addy, J Meharchand, M D Minden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The development of a cell culture system efficient in the establishment of lymphoma cell lines has made it possible to dissect basic biological and molecular aspects of lymphoma cells. We have established a lymphoma cell line from a patient with B cell lymphoma. The cell line has a complex karyotype with translocations involving bands 8q24, 14q32, and 18q21. Molecular analysis revealed that the Myc gene was rearranged; we were unable to demonstrate rearrangement of the Bcl-2 gene. Evaluation of the structure of the heavy chain Ig genes revealed that the cell line carried the same rearrangements as the cells from which the cell line was derived. The pattern of rearrangement, however, was unusual in that there were at least four rearranged bands when DNA cut with HindIII was probed with a fragment of the heavy chain joining region. To further characterize the cell line, subclones were derived. Individual subclones had the same pattern of rearrangement as the parent cell line. The results of these studies provide evidence that multiple rearranged Ig genes may be present in a single clone of cells.
Inositol Phosphate Release and Metabolism in Rat Left Atria
Authors: Elizabeth A. Woodcock, Mark B. Suss, Karen E. Anderson
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) turnover pathway in intact heart tissue differs from that in most cell types in that products of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3 ] kinase pathway are not detected in 3 H-labeling studies. In contrast, Ins(1,4,5)P 3 kinase products are detected in isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes. To understand the basis for the observed properties of the cardiac pathway, a detailed study of inositol phosphate (InsP) release has been undertaken by using isolated adult rat left atria. Addition of norepinephrine to 3 H-labeled atria caused a slow increase in 3 H-labeled Ins(1,4,5)P 3 and a more rapid increase in 3 H-labeled Ins(1,4)P 2 , its immediate dephosphorylation product. The mass of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 was high in unstimulated atria (13.5±1.1 pmol/mg tissue, mean±SEM, n=4) and did not change with stimulation. Measurements of the specific activities of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 and PtdIns(4,5)P 2 provided an estimate of the turnover rate of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 that was 20- to 40-fold lower than the rate of accumulation of 3 H label in InsP 1 and InsP 2 . In agreement with this, specific activities of InsP 1 and InsP 2 were higher than the specific activity of InsP 3 in both control and stimulated atria. Neomycin (5 mmol/L) did not inhibit the accumulation of 3 H-labeled InsP 1 and InsP 2 in left atria, even though it reduced the accumulation of 3 H label in Ins(1,4,5)P 3 , providing evidence that InsP 1 and InsP 2 do not derive primarily from Ins(1,4,5)P 3 . Stimulation with norepinephrine for 20 minutes resulted in a parallel decrease in 3 H-labeled Ins(1,4,5)P 3 and in Ins(1,4,5)P 3 mass, demonstrating that atria do not contain two different pools of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 . In contrast with findings in atria, the mass content of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 was low in unstimulated cardiomyocytes and increased with norepinephrine stimulation. Furthermore, neomycin (5 mmol/L) inhibited the accumulation of 3 H label in all of the InsPs, demonstrating that they are derived from Ins(1,4,5)P 3 . The data obtained when using left atria cannot be explained by models proposing either receptor-stimulated breakdown of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 or the presence of more than one pool of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 with different specific activities and are most readily explained by a model in which stimulation of receptors causes primarily the hydrolysis of PtdIns(4)P to Ins(1,4)P 2 . The high and unchanging content of Ins(1,4,5)P 3 may be related, in some way, to its poor Ca 2+ -mobilizing activity in heart tissue.
Value and limitations of Doppler echocardiography in the quantification of stenotic mitral valve area: comparison of the pressure half-time and the continuity equation methods.
Authors: S Nakatani, T Masuyama, K Kodama, A Kitabatake, K Fujii, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Two Doppler methods, the pressure half-time method proposed by Hatle and the method based on the equation of continuity, were used to estimate stenotic mitral valve area noninvasively, and the accuracy of these methods was examined in patients with and without associated aortic regurgitation. Mitral valve area determined at catheterization by the Gorlin formula was used as a standard of reference. The study population consisted of 41 patients with mitral stenosis, and 20 of the 41 patients had associated aortic regurgitation. According to the equation of continuity, mitral valve area was determined as a product of aortic or pulmonic annular cross-sectional area and the ratio of time velocity integral of aortic or pulmonic flow to that of the mitral stenotic jet. Mitral valve area was determined by the pressure half-time method as 220/pressure half-time, the time from the peak transmitral velocity to one-half the square root of the peak velocity on the continuous-wave Doppler-determined transmitral flow velocity pattern. The pressure half-time method tended to overestimate catheterization measurements, and the correlation coefficient for this relation was .69 (SEE = 0.44 cm2). The correlation coefficient improved to .90 when the patients with associated aortic regurgitation were excluded. Mitral valve areas determined by the continuity equation method correlated well with catheterization measurements at a correlation coefficient of .91 (SEE = 0.24 cm2), irrespective of the presence of aortic regurgitation. The ratio of the time-velocity integral or aortic or pulmonic flow to the time-velocity integral of mitral stenotic jet also correlated well with mitral valve area determined by catheterization at a correlation coefficient of .84 (SEE = 0.10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mast Cells Play a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Hirokazu Higuchi, Masatake Hara, Kanjo Yamamoto, Tadashi Miyamoto, Makoto Kinoshita, Tasuku Yamada, Koji Uchiyama, Akira Matsumori
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Mast cells are powerful producers of multiple cytokines and chemical mediators playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. We examined the role of mast cells in murine models of heart failure due to viral myocarditis, using 2 strains of mast cell–deficient mice. Methods and Results— Two strains of mast cell–deficient mice, WBB6F1-Kit W /Kit W-v (W/W V ) and WCB6F1-Kitl Sl /Kitl Sl-d (Sl/Sl d ), were inoculated with 10 plaque-forming units of the encephalomyocarditis virus intraperitoneally. On day 14 after inoculation, survival of W/W V mice was significantly higher than that of their control littermates (77% versus 31%; P =0.03; n=13). On histological examination on day 7, myocardial necrosis and cellular infiltration were significantly less pronounced in W/W V and Sl/Sl d mice than in their control littermates (area of infiltration, 7.6±3.5% versus 29.3±15.6%; P =0.002; area of necrosis, 7.6±3.5% versus 30.0±17.2%; P =0.003; n=10). Histological examination showed more severe changes in mast cell–reconstituted than in –nonreconstituted W/W V and Sl/Sl d mice. The gene expressions of mast cell proteases were upregulated in the acute phase of viral myocarditis and rose further in the subacute phase of heart failure. Their activation coincided with the development of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and correlated with the upregulation of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. The histamine H1-receptor antagonist bepotastine improved encephalomyocarditis viral myocarditis. Conclusions— These observations suggest that mast cells participate in the acute inflammatory reaction and the onset of ventricular remodeling associated with acute viral myocarditis and that the inhibition of their function may be therapeutic in this disease.
The Quality of Supportive Cancer Care in the Veterans Affairs Health System and Targets for Improvement
Authors: Anne M. Walling, Diana Tisnado, Steven M. Asch, Jennifer M. Malin, Philip Pantoja, Sydney M. Dy, Susan L. Ettner, Ann P. Zisser, Hannah Schreibeis-Baum, Martin Lee, Karl A. Lorenz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Characterizing the quality of supportive cancer care can guide quality improvement.To evaluate nonhospice supportive cancer care comprehensively in a national sample of veterans.Using a retrospective cohort study design, we measured evidence-based cancer care processes using previously validated indicators of care quality in patients with advanced cancer, addressing pain, nonpain symptoms, and information and care planning among 719 veterans with a 2008 Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry diagnosis of stage IV colorectal (37.0%), pancreatic (29.8%), or lung (33.2%) cancer.We abstracted medical records from diagnosis for 3 years or until death among eligible veterans (lived ≥ 30 days following diagnosis with ≥ 1 Veterans Affairs hospitalization or ≥ 2 Veterans Affairs outpatient visits). Each indicator identified a clinical scenario and an appropriate action. For each indicator for which a veteran was eligible, we determined whether appropriate care was provided. We also determined patient-level quality overall and by pain, nonpain symptoms, and information and care planning domains.Most veterans were older (mean age, 66.2 years), male (97.2%), and white (74.3%). Eighty-five percent received both inpatient and outpatient care, and 92.5% died. Overall, the 719 veterans triggered a mean of 11.7 quality indicators (range, 1-22) and received a mean 49.5% of appropriate care. Notable gaps in care were that inpatient pain screening was common (96.5%) but lacking for outpatients (58.1%). With opioids, bowel prophylaxis occurred for only 52.2% of outpatients and 70.5% of inpatients. Few patients had a timely dyspnea evaluation (15.8%) or treatment (10.8%). Outpatient assessment of fatigue occurred for 31.3%. Of patients at high risk for diarrhea from chemotherapy, 24.2% were offered appropriate antidiarrheals. Only 17.7% of veterans had goals of care addressed in the month after a diagnosis of advanced cancer, and 63.7% had timely discussion of goals following intensive care unit admission. Most decedents (86.4%) were referred to palliative care or hospice before death. Single- vs multiple-fraction radiotherapy should have been considered in 28 veterans with bone metastasis, but none were offered this option.These care gaps reflect important targets for improving the patient and family experience of cancer care.
THE UTILITY OF NUCLEIN.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

At the clinic last week I showed you this patient when he exhibited most fully the physical signs and symptoms of croupous pneumonia. He had then been ill five days and was suffering from a moderately severe attack of the disease. The lesion was limited to the lower lobe of the right lung. At that time I hazarded the prophecy that unless an extension of inflammation occurred he would be likely to pass the crisis of his illness either on the night of the day that you saw him or within the two following days. I also pointed out to you the treatment that was usual in such cases and particularly called attention to the fact that in this case I was trying in addition to the ordinary routine treatment of pueumonia nucleinic acid. I made no comment at the last clinic upon the mode of action of nucleinic acid
Registries needed to track cancer deaths in poor countries, says report
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Registration schemes for deaths and cancers are urgently needed in poor countries, which bear most of the global cancer burden, says a report published this week.

The report, the 2007 Annual World Cancer Data Update , estimates that there were 10.4 million new cases of cancer, 6.5 million cancer deaths, and 25 million people with cancer in 2000. It predicts that new cases will more than double to 26.4 million by 2030, with 16.4 million deaths from cancer and 75 million people living with the disease. Most of this increase will be in less developed countries.

The …
Is onychoblastoma really a new entity?
Authors: R. Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Is onychoblastoma really a new entity? Get access R. Baran R. Baran Nail Disease Centre, 42 Rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France E‐mail: baran.r@wanadoo.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 1 February 2006, Pages 384–385, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07052.x Published: 01 February 2006
Tackling obesity in children and adolescents
Authors: L. A Baur
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Further investment in public health strategies and medical intervention is needed

The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently updated its 10 year old policy on screening for dyslipidaemias in childhood and adolescence stating that the report has “new urgency” in light of the current childhood obesity epidemic. In addition to recommending that children with a positive family history of lipid disorders or premature cardiovascular disease should be screened, the report also recommends that all overweight children aged 8 years and older should be screened for hypercholesterolaemia, regardless of family history or other risk factors. If indicated, such children should be treated by a combination of diet, physical activity, and, possibly, cholesterol lowering drugs.1 The fact that the recommendations focused on the medical treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in childhood raised media concerns about the apparent emphasis on medical, and specifically drug therapy, approaches to dealing with dyslipidaemia and its …
Isotope Identification of Urinary Tract Abnormality In the Neonate
Authors: Harvey L. Lefkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (225:319-320, 1973), the consultants differed on the need to perform an intravenous urogram (IVP) to detect genitourinary abnormalities in newborns having a single umbilical artery. For a variety of technical and physiological reasons, an IVP frequently fails to adequately show the neonate's urinary tract. Morbidity is encountered with reactions to contrast material and inadvertent overdosage has caused deaths in young infants.<sup>1</sup> As an alternative to IVP, a radioisotope study can be performed to screen those categories of neonates who have been shown to have a higher than expected incidence of genitourinary tract abnormalities. Several radioisotope techniques can be adapted to the infant.<sup>2,3</sup>Isotope studies can provide reliable demonstration of renal blood flow, function, and size. In addition, vesicoureteral reflux can be detected with radionuclide cystography.<sup>4</sup>The radiopharmaceutical agents employed appear to be innocuous, and the complications associated with IVP in
Psoriasis 2000: the state-of-the-art today ... and tomorrow
Authors: C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

This supplement reflects the proceedings of a symposium Psoriasis 2000: The state-of-the-art today … and tomorrow held on 25 September 2000 in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil and sponsored by Galderma. The symposium itself was convened to discuss the role of calcitriol in the overall context of psoriasis therapy. Undoubtedly, one of the major advances in our first-line management of chronic plaque psoriasis in the past decade has been the introduction of topical vitamin D3 analogues. Calcitriol is the newest addition to this family of pharmaceutical compounds. As with any new topical product, the efficacy and safety profiles of calcitriol need to be assiduously explored, particularly in the context of long-term usage and risk of hypercalcaemia. Comparisons with other available products in this class are also important to place calcitriol within the hierarchy of first-line topical treatments. Combination therapy is a natural development of any newly introduced treatment for psoriasis and, not too surprisingly, various studies have been performed to assess the efficacy of calcitriol in combination with other topical therapies and with ultraviolet B phototherapy. Understanding quality-of-life issues and psychological disability as key factors in the management of psoriasis are highly pertinent and, quite rightly, patients themselves are increasingly involved in developing outcome measures for this disease. The future of psoriasis therapy will, I hope, be a logical extension of the intensive molecular, immunological and biochemical research taking place on this disease at present. New therapies are not always, however, the outcome of logical stepwise progression and serendipity still has an important, although unpredictable, role to play in the development of such drugs. This symposium brought together experts from North America, South America and Europe to discuss calcitriol, its safety and efficacy, quality-of-life issues and the future for psoriasis research and therapy.
Manufacturer's reply
Authors: M. C Eagle
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Naturally we are concerned that Chris Twelves and Adrian Harnett take exception to our advertisement for Fareston (toremifene). Yes, the advertisement focuses on patients' concerns, but are they not relevant? It is not surprising that some women diagnosed as having breast cancer are concerned by what they have read or heard about tamoxifen. Debate in the medical press,1 2 sensationalism in the lay press, and the information superhighway mean that women are …
Letter: False interpretation of fetal heart monitoring.
Authors: R W Beard
Journal: BMJ (1973)

bined with oestrogen.'6Phenothiazines have been shown to increase plasma prolactin'5 and might possibly be associated with an in- creased incidence of breast cancer.16Male patients with gynaecomastia, except when associated with drugs like phenothiazines, do not have raised prolactin levels,"3 so that this hormone may not be necessary for breast growth (normal or abnormal) in humans.In summary, we agree that breast cancer response to hormones is a most complex subject.However, we suggest that the theory of different clones within one tumour or its metastases adequately explains variable re- sponses to endocrine manipulation.-Weare, etc.,
Subsensitivity of bronchodilator and systemic beta 2 adrenoceptor responses after regular twice daily treatment with eformoterol dry powder in asthmatic patients.
Authors: D M Newnham, A Grove, D G McDevitt, B J Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (1995)

There is controversy as to the role of long acting beta 2 agonists such as eformoterol and, in particular, whether bronchodilator tolerance occurs during continuous therapy. The purpose of this study was to extend previous observations of bronchodilator subsensitivity with metered dose eformoterol aerosol in order to assess whether tolerance also occurs with a dry powder formulation of the same drug.Sixteen asthmatic patients of mean age 33 (range 18-53) years and FEV1 (% predicted) of 64 (3)%, of whom 13 were receiving inhaled corticosteroids, received regular treatment with eformoterol 24 micrograms twice daily or placebo twice daily (without beta 2 agonists) given concurrently for four weeks in a randomised double blind cross-over design. An initial two week run-in was used when beta 2 agonists were withdrawn and substituted with ipratropium bromide. Dose-response curves to eformoterol (cumulative dose 6-102 micrograms) for airways and systemic beta 2 responses were constructed at the end of each treatment period.Baseline values for airways and systemic responses were similar. The peak delta FEV1 response from the dose-response curve (as change from baseline) and the delta response for FEV1 and FEF25-75 at six hours after the last dose were attenuated after eformoterol compared with placebo: peak delta FEV1 response 1.001 with placebo v 0.841 with eformoterol (95% CI 0.04 to 0.28); at six hours 0.931 with placebo v 0.581 with eformoterol (95% CI 0.20 to 0.50); and for delta FEF25-75 at six hours 1.29 1/s with placebo v 0.87 1/s with eformoterol (95% CI 0.15 to 0.69). Morning peak expiratory flow rate was significantly improved during treatment with eformoterol (451 1/min) compared with placebo (399 1/min) (95% CI 21 to 82). Systemic beta 2 responses were blunted after eformoterol, together with a reduction in lymphocyte beta 2 receptor binding density.Regular twice daily eformoterol dry powder may produce bronchodilator subsensitivity in terms of both peak and duration of response to cumulative repeated doses of eformoterol. Systemic beta 2-mediated adverse effects also showed tolerance, which was mirrored by downregulation of lymphocyte beta 2 adrenoceptors.