tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3645: Alcohol Volume, Not Drinking Frequency, Increases Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Sub-Class Particle Concentration
Authors: Linton R Harriss, Dallas R English, Rory Wolfe, Andrew M Tonkin, Kerin O’Dea, Anna Peeters, Alison Beauchamp, Graham G Giles, James D Otvos, Alicia J Jenkins
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Alcohol intake is positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, however no studies have investigated the association with lipoprotein sub-classes using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that usual daily alcohol intake (volume), beverage type and drinking frequency influence plasma HDL sub-class concentrations as determined by NMR. Methods: Six hundred and ninety volunteers (389 women) aged 40 – 69 years at baseline (1990 –1994) participated in a cross-sectional study using the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, Australia. Measures included self-reported alcohol intake using beverage-specific quantity-frequency questions (volume) and a drinking diary for previous week (frequency). Results: Median alcohol intake was 15.2 g/d (2.7, 32.0) for men and 1.0 g/d (0, 9.6) for women. Alcohol volume was positively associated with total HDL particle concentration in men and women. For men, a 10 g/d increment in alcohol intake increased total HDL particle concentration by 0.62 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.27, 0.98) and small HDL particle concentration by 0.34 μmol/L (0.01, 0.68). For women, total HDL particle concentration increased 1.06 μmol/L (0.60, 1.53) for every 10 g/d increment in alcohol intake. Alcohol volume was positively associated with large HDL particle concentration in premenopausal women [0.67 μmol/L (0.19, 1.15)] and small HDL particle concentration in postmenopausal women [0.82 μmol/L (0.14, 1.51)]. Beer, wine and spirits were all positively associated with total HDL concentration for men. Beer and wine were both positively associated with total HDL concentration for women. Drinking frequency was not associated with total HDL particle concentration or any of its’ sub-classes. Conclusions: Alcohol volume (and not drinking frequency) was positively associated with NMR-determined plasma total HDL particle concentration for men and women. These associations appeared to be regardless of beverage type, although comparison of beverage types was not possible for women. These results suggest that for any given weekly volume of alcohol, the number of drinking days does not influence HDL particle concentration.
Probable aerosol transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in southeastern China
Authors: Z Gong, S Gu, Y Zhang, J Sun, X Wu, F Ling, W Shi, P Zhang, D Li, H Mao, L Zhang, D Wen, B Zhou, H Zhang, Y Huang, R Zhang, J Jiang, J Lin, S Xia, E Chen, Z Chen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

Some clusters of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection were reported in China as of 2010. However, to date, there has been no epidemiologic evidence of aerosol transmission of SFTSV. Epidemiologic investigations were conducted after a cluster of 13 cases of SFTSV in May 2014. A total of 13 cases, including 11 confirmed cases and one clinically diagnosed case, were identified besides the case of the index patient. The index patient experienced onset of SFTSV on 23 April and died on 1 May. The patients with secondary cases had onset from 10 to 16 May, peaking on 13 May. Moreover, eight secondary cases occurred in family members of the index patient, and the other five cases occurred in neighbors of the index patient. According to epidemiologic investigations, patients 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 contracted the disease through contact with blood of the index patient. Notably, patients 8 and 10 did not have a history of contact with the blood of the index patient, but they stayed in the mourning hall for hours. SFTSV could be transmitted from person to person by direct contact and/or aerosol transmission, and it is important to consider aerosol transmission as a possible transmission route.
Intraventricular Dyssynchrony Predicts Mortality and Morbidity After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Shajil Chalil, Berthold Stegemann, Sarkaw Muhyaldeen, Kayvan Khadjooi, Russell E.A. Smith, Paul J. Jordan, Francisco Leyva
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 2845: Differential Impact of Left Ventricular Remodeling on Septal and Lateral E/Ea Ratio in Predicting Diastolic Staging in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: W. H. Wilson Tang, Kevin Shrestha, Wilfried Mullens, Allen Borowski, Richard W Troughton, Allan L Klein
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The ratio of peak transmitral pulsed Doppler early velocity to early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity of the lateral or septal mitral annulus (E/Ea) is considered a reliable estimation of diastolic dysfunction, and their average has been incorporated as clinical determinant of diastolic heart failure. Their relative relaibility in the setting pf left ventricular volumes has not been established. Methods: We performed comprehensive 2D echocardiography in 214 ambulatory patients with chronic systolic heart failure (LVEF ≤35%, NYHA II-III). Diastolic staging was determined from patterns of transmitral and pulmonary vein flows. Results: In our study population (mean age 57 years, 73% male mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume [LVEDV] 228 ml, mean LVEF 25%) , the median lateral and septal Ea were 6.9 cm/s and 4.5 cm/s, respectively. The median E/lateral Ea, E/septal Ea, and E/average Ea [inter-quartile range] were 10.8 [7.1–15.1], 16.1 [11.1–23.0], and 12.7 [8.8–17.7], respectively. In the first two tertiles of indexed LVEDV (LVEDVi&lt;92.6 ml/m 2 and 92.6–129.5 ml/m 2 ), all three E/Ea indices increased with increasing diastolic stages (all p&lt;0.001). However, in the highest tertile of LVEDVi (&gt;129.5 ml/m 2 ), E/septal Ea (but not E/lateral Ea) increased with increasing diastolic stages (Figure ). Conclusions: Unlike E/septal Ea, E/lateral Ea did not increase with increasing diastolic stage in patients with chronic systolic heart failure presenting with LV dilatation. These observations may suggest that the E/septal Ea measurements may be more reliable than E/lateral Ea to assess diastolic dysfunction in patients with enlarged ventricles.
Abstract 9161: NOX2 Inhibition Restores Contractility, Intracellular Calcium Handling and Reduces Arrhythmogenicity in Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Daniel R Gonzalez, Adriana V Treuer, Raul A Dulce, Guillaume Lamirault, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is the cardiac manifestation of three closely related diseases that include Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is characteristic of cardiomyopathies. Intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) handling is abnormal in the heart of the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress may be responsible of disturbances in Ca 2+ handling and contractility in this model. Methods and results. We used mdx mice with established cardiomyopathy: ejection fraction of 56.7 ± 0.5 % in mdx vs. 70.8 ± 2.4% in wild type. We found increased expression (fivefold) of the NADPH oxidase NOX2 in the mdx hearts compared to wild type, along with increased superoxide production, measured as intensity of dihydroethidium staining (p&lt;0.05 vs. wild type). Treatment with apocyinin (30 min, 100 µmol/L), a NOX2 inhibitor, decreased superoxide in mdx (p&lt;0.05 vs. untreated). Next, we studied the impact of NOX2 inhibition on contractility and calcium handling in isolated cardiomyocytes. Contractility, assessed as sarcomere shortening, was decreased in mdx myocytes compared to wild type (p&lt;0.05). Pre-treatment with apocynin restored this response to normal levels. In addition, the amplitude of evoked [Ca 2+ ] i transients (measured as fura-2 fluorescence) that was diminished in mdx myocytes (p&lt;0.05), was also restored upon NOX2 inhibition. Total sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ content (evaluated as caffeine-induced Ca 2+ release) was reduced in mdx hearts (p&lt;0.05). This content was normalized by apocynin treatment. At the same time, NOX2 inhibition decreased dramatically the production of spontaneous diastolic calcium release events in mdx myocytes (p&lt;0.05, ANOVA). Conclusions. These results indicate that in mdx hearts, NOX2 inhibition reduces oxidative stress, improving the SR [Ca 2+ ] handling and contractility. Additionally, NOX2 inhibition reduced the sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor, reducing the incidence of diastolic Ca 2+ waves. Targeting of NOX2 in may be therapeutically helpful to increase cardiac performance and avoid the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in Duchenne and other dystrophic cardiomyopathies..
Abstract 18007: Seizures Following Cardiac Surgery: The Impact of Tranexamic Acid and Other Risk Factors
Authors: Rizwan A Manji, Hilary P Grocott, Jill A Leake, Jacqueline S Manji, Alan H Menkis, Rob Ariano, Johann Strumpher, Eric Jacobsohn
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Seizures (SZ) after cardiac surgery (CS) is a potentially serious complication. Recently, tranexamic acid (TA), which has proconvulsant properties, has been implicated in postoperative SZ. We sought to determine the association of TA and other risk factors for postoperative SZ in CS patients.   Methods:  A prospectively collected database of all consecutive patients having CS from Apr 2003 – Jan 2010 was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for SZ.   Results:  SZ occurred in 56/5958 patients (incidence = 0.94%). TA became the sole antifibrinolytic used in 2007 after which the SZ rate increased 8 fold (0.19% pre- vs. 1.54% post-TA, p   Conclusions:  Our data suggest that multiple risk factors (preoperative morbidities, open heart procedures with inherent risks of cerebral embolization, and TA with its proconvulsant effects) may be associated with postoperative SZ. The impact of TA on seizures warrants further prospective study.
Abstract 17410: Pre-Treatment with Liposomal 6R-BH4 but not 6S-BH4 Induces in vivo Cardioprotection Through Maintenance of Nitric Oxide Synthase Coupling
Authors: Lin Xie, M A Hassan Talukder, Saradhadevi Varadharaj, Jay L Zweier
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential co-factor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and BH4 depletion leads to endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling with increased superoxide (O 2 -. ) generation. Myocardial BH4 levels are decreased with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and have been hypothesized to play a critical role in modulating eNOS activity and myocardial salvage. BH4 treatment exerts myocardial protection; however, questions remain regarding the related mechanism and role of NOS coupling versus nonspecific antioxidative effects of BH4. To address this issue, rats were subjected to 60-min in vivo coronary artery occlusion and varying periods (10-min, 20-min or 24-hr) of reperfusion with or without liposomal 6R-BH4 or 6S-BH4 supplementation (1 mg/kg, iv, 5-min before ischemia). Myocardial NO and O 2 -. production were measured in frozen heart sections using the fluorescence probes (CuFL and DHE, respectively) in the absence or presence of NOS inhibitor or SOD mimetic. Myocardial infarct size was determined 24-hr after reperfusion and compared with NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) or 6R-BH4 or 6S-BH4 (that lacks NOS co-factor activity). Compared to vehicle group, 6R-BH4 treatment caused an increase in NO with decrease in O 2 -. in I/R hearts. Postischemic NO or O 2 -. -derived fluorescence was largely abolished by added NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1 mM) or the SOD-mimetic MnTBAP (50 μM), respectively. 6R-BH4 reduced myocardial infarct size by ∼50% compared to vehicle group (31±2% vs. 59±2%, n=8). L-NAME pre-treatment (10 mg/kg, iv, 15-min before vehicle or 6R-BH4) had no effect on vehicle group, but it abolished the infarct-limiting effect of 6R-BH4 treatment. Compared to vehicle, 6S-BH4 had minimal effect on myocardial infarction (59±2% vs. 50±3%, n=6-8). Thus, these findings demonstrate that the protective effect of BH4 is primarily due to restoration of NOS coupling with suppression of O 2 -. and enhancement of NO production from the enzyme.
Mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients detected by screening or clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes. : A 30-year follow-up study of 740 incident patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stefan P.O. Jansson, Dan K.G. Andersson, Kurt Svärdsudd
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Objective Screening for type 2 diabetes among high-risk subjects is recommended by many organizations. The aim of this study was to analyse all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outc ...
Trauma-related symptoms in veterans of Operation Desert Storm: a 2-year follow-up
Authors: S M Southwick, C A Morgan, A Darnell, D Bremner, A L Nicolaou, L M Nagy, D S Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study was a 2-year follow-up in an ongoing prospective examination of development of trauma-related symptoms over time in a community group of veterans of Operation Desert Storm.Sixty-two National Guard reservists, from one medical and one military police unit, completed the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a DSM-III-R-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom scale 1 month, 6 months, and 2 years after returning from the Middle East. Differences in symptom severity over time were analyzed by using repeated measure analyses of variance.Scores on the Mississippi scale, but not the DSM-III-R PTSD scale, increased significantly over time. Symptoms of hyperarousal were more severe at all time points than were symptoms of reexperiencing or avoidance. Level of combat exposure, as reflected by the Desert Storm trauma questionnaire, was significantly associated with the score on the Mississippi scale at 2 years but not at 1 month or 6 months. All subjects who met the Mississippi scale's diagnostic criteria for PTSD at 1 or 6 months still met the criteria at 2 years.Although symptoms were relatively mild, there was an overall increase in PTSD symptoms over 2 years. The statistical relationship between level of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms at 2 years, and not before, suggests that it may take time for the consequences of traumatic exposure to become apparent. Moreover, degree of exposure may be important in predicting the eventual development of symptoms. Continued follow-up will address the evolution of PTSD symptoms in Gulf War veterans.
Abstract 14743: {alpha}-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Improves NO-dependent Endothelial Function and Protects against DOCA-salt-induced Hypertension
Authors: Petteri Rinne, Anna-Maija Penttinen, Wendy Nordlund, Ilkka Heinonen, Suvi T Ruohonen, Saku Ruohonen, Eriika Savontaus
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), a peptide derivative of prohormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), is implicated in the central regulation of cardiovascular functions. Melanocortin recepto...
Study shows need for better communication between government and doctors
Authors: C. Simpson, S. Dealler, W. Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—In contrast to the heated scientific debate on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the public health, which has raged for many years in other European countries, in Britain advice on possible health risks and the safety of beef and beef products has come largely from central government. This has prompted organisations such as the Consumers' Association to complain that the issuing of selected information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy, aimed at reassuring the public, prohibits informed decision taking and debate on food safety. For example, the …
Intracoronary KAI-9803 as an Adjunct to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eric Bates, Christoph Bode, Marco Costa, C Michael Gibson, Christopher Granger, Cindy Green, Kevin Grimes, Robert Harrington, Kurt Huber, Neal Kleiman, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Matthew Roe, Zygmunt Sadowski, Scott Solomon, Petr Widimsky
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— KAI-9803, a δ-protein kinase C inhibitor, has been shown to ameliorate injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results— Direct Inhibition of δ-Protein Kinase C Enzyme to Limit Total Infarct Size in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DELTA MI) was a “first-in-human,” dose-escalation study that evaluated the safety, tolerability, and activity of KAI-9803 for patients with acute anterior ST-segment elevation MI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients who presented within 6 hours of symptom onset and had an occluded left anterior descending infarct artery on angiography were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to receive 1 of 4 doses of KAI-9803 (cohort 1, 0.05 mg; cohort 2, 0.5 mg; cohort 3, 1.25 mg; cohort 4, 5.0 mg) versus blinded concurrent placebo delivered in 2 divided doses via intracoronary injection before and after reestablishment of antegrade epicardial flow with percutaneous coronary intervention. Safety and biomarker end points were assessed. Overall, 154 patients were randomized and treated with study drug (37 in cohort 1, 38 in cohort 2, 38 in cohort 3, 41 in cohort 4). The incidence of serious adverse events was similar between patients treated with KAI-9803 versus placebo. Other safety end points, including changes in QT intervals and standard laboratory values after study drug administration, were similar between treatment groups. Although the study was not powered to demonstrate efficacy with the biomarker end points assessed, signs of drug activity with KAI-9803 were suggested by trends for consistent, nonsignificant reductions in creatine kinase–MB area under the curve and ST-recovery area under the curve values across all dosing cohorts with KAI-9803 compared with concurrent placebo, and similar trends were demonstrated for improvements in 99m technetium sestamibi infarct size values with active study drug in cohorts 1, 2, and 3. Conclusions— KAI-9803 had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile when delivered via intracoronary injection during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation MI. Signs of potential drug activity were demonstrated with biomarker end points in this small exploratory study, indicating that further testing of KAI-9803 as an adjunctive therapy for ST-segment elevation MI is warranted.
Expandable metal stents in malignant colorectal obstruction
Authors: T. Ahmad
Journal: BMJ (2000)

There are an estimated 300 000 new cases of colorectal cancer detected in Europe and the United States each year; 7-29% of these cases present with complete or partial obstruction of the large bowel. 1 2 Patients who present with obstruction have a five year survival rate of less than 20%, a far poorer prognosis than patients who present without obstruction.2 This poor outlook reflects not only the more advanced stage of carcinomas that cause obstruction — 40% of these patients have metastatic disease at presentation—but also the greater risks associated with emergency decompressive surgery in elderly people.3

Despite the increasing popularity of primary resection and anastomosis, most surgeons still advocate the traditional two stage procedure which creates a temporary stoma. In patients found to have advanced disease this stoma is likely to become permanent. Only about 20% of these patients will survive for one year after this palliative surgery.2 For patients with “curable” disease there is the option of elective re-anastomosis. Many elderly patients and their surgeons are deterred from the second closure operation because it can lead to morbidity or death; thus …
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase I/II Trial Of The Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist Eltrombopag In Thrombocytopenic Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes Or Acute Myeloid Leukemia — A Subgroup Analysis Of Patients Receiving Concomitant Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Uwe Platzbecker, Raymond S.M. Wong, Amit Verma, Camille N. Abboud, Sergio Araujo, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, John Feigert, Su-Peng Yeh, Katharina Götze, Norbert Claude Gorin, Peter L. Greenberg, Suman Kambhampati, Yoo Jin Kim, Je-Hwan Lee, Roger M. Lyons, Marco Ruggeri, Valeria Santini, Gregory Cheng, Jun Ho Jang, Chien-Yuan Chen, Souria Hasan Dougherty, Frank Mannino, Yasser Mostafa Kamel, Geoffrey W. Chan, Nicole L. Stone, Aristoteles Giagounidis
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 15643: Loss of IKr in LQT2 Patient iPS-derived Cardiomyocytes : Nonsense Mediated Decay as a Potential Mechanism?
Authors: Sadguna Y Balijepalli, Jianhua Zhang, Amanda Herman, Sarah P Concannon, Joyce M Teng, Tisha N kawahara, Wen B Wang, Bradley J Swanson, Kathleen R Maginot, Lee L Eckhardt, Kate M Orland, Carmen R Valdivia, Jonathan C Makielski, Michael J Ackerman, James A Thomson, Timothy J Kamp, Craig T January
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Type 2 long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in KCNH2-encoded Kv11.1 K+ channels that underlie the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). Most LQT2 mutations are missense a...
Abstract 5012: Cystatin C and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Maintained Renal Function
Authors: Till Keller, C M Messow, Edith Lubos, Christoph Sinning, Christine Espinola-Klein, Hans J Rupprecht, Christoph Bickel, Stergios Tzikas, Karl J Lackner, Thomas Munzel, Stefan Blankenberg, Renate Schnabel
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is a promising marker to reliably detect renal function. The role of cystatin C in patients with coronary artery disease and maintained renal function is less well established. In 2082 consecutive patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) (1267 with stable angina (SAP) and 815 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)) baseline concentrations of cystatin C were measured if MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was &gt;30ml/min/1.73m 2 . During a median follow-up of 3.65 years cardiovascular mortality was documented (n=90). The median age of the study cohort was 63 years, 78.0% were of male gender. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and current smoking were predictors of cystatin C baseline concentration. GFR showed a strong negative association and the biomarkers Nt-proBNP and CRP were positively related to cystatin C measurements. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a stepwise decrease in cardiovascular survival across quartiles of cystatin C baseline concentration (p log rank&lt;0.0005). A similar pattern was observed in the subgroups of patients with SAP and ACS (p log rank&lt;0.0005). A increase in cystatin C concentration by one quartile was associated with a 2.31-fold risk of future cardiovascular death (95% confidence interval 1.87–2.86, p&lt;0.0005). A similar strength of association was seen in the subgroups. This risk association remained robust after adjustment for potential confounders. The addition of cystatin C to a basic model of cardiovascular risk factors increased the c-index from 0.713 (95% bootstrap confidence interval 0.658 – 0.785) to 0.762 (0.705– 0.827), and this strength was similar to the increase achieved by adding Nt-proBNP to the basic model (0.764, 0.724 – 0.833) while GFR only increased the c-index to 0.729 (0.676 – 0.799). Cystatin C is a potent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD and normal kidney function or mild renal impairment.