tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decline of Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Finland During 1983 to 1992: Roles of Incidence, Recurrence, and Case-Fatality
Authors: V. Salomaa, H. Miettinen, K. Kuulasmaa, M. Niemela¨, M. Ketonen, T. Vuorenmaa, S. Lehto, P. Paloma¨ki, M. Ma¨ho¨nen, P. Immonen-Ra¨iha¨, M. Arstila, E. Kaarsalo, H. Mustaniemi, J. Torppa, J. Tuomilehto, P. Puska, K. Pyo¨ra¨la¨
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in eastern Finland has been the highest in the world. The official mortality statistics suggest, however, that it has declined by 60% during the past 20 years. The aim of the present study was to examine the contributions of incidence, recurrence, and case fatality of coronary events to the trends in CHD mortality in three areas of Finland. Methods and Results Population-based myocardial infarction registers have been operating in the provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the Turku/Loimaa area in southwestern Finland from 1983 to 1992. During this 10-year period, each suspected coronary event in persons 35 to 64 years of age was evaluated for registration. Of these, 13 566 fulfilled the criteria of myocardial infarction or coronary death. Almost one fourth (22.4%) of the coronary events were sudden, out-of-hospital deaths. Among men, the average change in mortality was −7.1% per year (95% confidence interval, −8.4% to −5.8%) in North Karelia, −5.0% per year (−7.0% to −3.0%) in Kuopio, and −4.9% per year (−8.2% to −1.6%) in Turku/Loimaa. Among women, the corresponding changes were −5.6% (−11.1% to −0.1%), −4.4% (−8.1% to −0.7%), and −8.1% (−13.0% to −3.2%). In eastern Finland, the decline in CHD mortality was due to a decline in recurrent coronary events but also in the incidence of first coronary events, whereas in southwestern Finland, the decline in case-fatality rate had the major role. Conclusions The decline in CHD mortality rate in Finland appears to be the result of a successful combination of primary and secondary prevention measures and improvements in acute coronary care.
Abstract C94: Systemic and stromal support of triple-negative breast cancer progression is prevented by EGF and IGF-1 inhibitors
Authors: Zafira Castano, Tim Marsh, Ramya Tadipatri, Hanna S. Kuznetsov, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Mahanaz Paktinat, April Greene-Colozzi, Bjorn Nilsson, Andrea L. Richardson, Sandra S. McAllister
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract By the time metastatic breast cancer is detected, patients are no longer treated with curative intent. Women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are particularly at risk for early recurrence. Clinical evidence indicates that in women with metastatic TNBC, the primary tumor and disseminated cells co-existed for an indefinite period of time. We demonstrate that outgrowth of distant tumors that would otherwise remain indolent in cancer-free mice is accelerated in mice with TNBC. Systemic signals provided by TNBCs cause formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment at distant tumor sites. This microenvironment is enriched for EGF and IGF-1, which convert indolent tumors to a malignant state, defined by expression of factors associated with pluripotency, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Inhibition of both EGFR and IGF1R maintains these tumors in the indolent state. These results suggest that recurrence rates can be dictated by host systemic factors and offer novel therapeutic potential for TNBC patients. Citation Format: Zafira Castano, Tim Marsh, Ramya Tadipatri, Hanna S. Kuznetsov, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Mahanaz Paktinat, April Greene-Colozzi, Bjorn Nilsson, Andrea L. Richardson, Sandra S. McAllister. Systemic and stromal support of triple-negative breast cancer progression is prevented by EGF and IGF-1 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C94.
Journals are not doing enough to protect themselves from fraud
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Research journals are still doing too little to protect themselves and their readers from the burgeoning incidence of scientific fraud, a poll of editors has found. Despite a spate of high profile misconduct cases in recent years, editors and their publishers “seem to have taken few practical steps to try and minimise the risk,” says a report by the London based Committee on Publication Ethics.

According to the committee's poll, in which 118 out of 346 journal editors responded:

Almost two thirds of journals had no declared policies on pursuing research misconduct

Six out of 10 had no declared complaints procedure

Half had no published …
Heteromultimeric Kv1 Channels Contribute to Myogenic Control of Arterial Diameter
Authors: Frances Plane, Rosalyn Johnson, Paul Kerr, William Wiehler, Kevin Thorneloe, Kuniaki Ishii, Tim Chen, William Cole
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) delayed rectifier K+ channels (K(DR)) by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 200 micromol/L) or correolide (1 micromol/L), a selective inhibitor of Kv1 channels, enhanced myogenic contraction of rat mesenteric arteries (RMAs) in response to increases in intraluminal pressure. The molecular identity of K(DR) of RMA myocytes was characterized using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. Transcripts encoding the pore-forming Kvalpha subunits, Kv1.2, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, and Kv1.6, were identified and confirmed at the protein level with subunit-specific antibodies. Kvbeta transcript (beta1.1, beta1.2, beta1.3, and beta2.1) expression was also identified. Kv1.5 message was approximately 2-fold more abundant than that for Kv1.2 and Kv1.6. Transcripts encoding these three Kv1alpha subunits were approximately 2-fold more abundant in 1st/2nd order conduit compared with 4th order resistance RMAs, and Kvbeta1 was 8-fold higher than Kvbeta2 message. RMA K(DR) activated positive to -50 mV, exhibited incomplete inactivation, and were inhibited by 4-AP and correolide. However, neither alpha-dendrotoxin or kappa-dendrotoxin affected RMA K(DR), implicating the presence of Kv1.5 in all channels and the absence of Kv1.1, respectively. Currents mediated by channels because of coexpression of Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv1.6, and Kvbeta1.2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells had biophysical and pharmacological properties similar to those of RMA K(DR). It is concluded that K(DR) channels composed of heteromultimers of Kv1 subunits play a critical role in myogenic control of arterial diameter.
Anticytokine Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gary S. Firestein, Nathan J. Zvaifler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Only a few years ago, little was known about the role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. The original view of the cytokine milieu in the inflamed joint as a melange of factors from various cells was clarified by two observations.1 First, in inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, cytokines from macrophages and fibroblasts dominate, and second, the cytokine profile within the macrophage and fibroblast reflects a hierarchy, with interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) assuming particular importance. Anticytokine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has now reached the clinic, and the report in this issue of the Journal by Moreland et al.2 adds . . .
Reticular erythematous mucinosis: light and electron microscopy, irnmunofluorescence and histochemical findings
Authors: S.S. BLEEHEN, D.N. SLATER, J. MAHOOD, R.E. CHURCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Five patients with reticular erythematous mucinosis were studied by skin biopsy and phototesting. Light microscopy showed a dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate (composed largely of lymphocytes), separation of collagen bundles and fragmentation of elastic fibres. Histochemical stains showed increased dermal mucin with a profile consistent with hyaluronic acid. In one case, the ultrastructural distribution of mucin was demonstrated using colloidal iron staining, electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. In two cases, virus-like tubular aggregates were identified in the cytoplasm of dermal endothelial cells and pericytes. Immunofluorescent staining for immunoglobulins, fibrin and complement was negative.
Lung Features of Infection with Corona Virus in Wistar Rats
Authors: M.T. Glocker, H. Cabaral, J.C. Muiño
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

RATIONALE: The immune spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is poorly understood. Our purpose was to study the dynamics of the immune spectrum in respiratory Corona Virus (Co V) infection trough nasal cavity. METHODS: 12 animals were infected and compared with 14 normal healthy animals. We assayed in both groups the serum IgM, IgG, IgA and C 3 levels by RID, specific IgG to Co V by ELISA, CD 3, CD 4, CD 8 lymphocytes by IF. Lung histophatological study was performed in all rats by Mo anti Co V and biotin-steptavidin alkaline phosphatase label-fast red. RESULTS: Following the evolution, 10 of 12 rats with Co V died in the following 60 days and the rest of rats of the control group survival, p<0.0001. The IgM, IgG , IgA and C 3 levels were increases in Co V group when compared with controls, p<0.0001. The specific IgG to Co V was positive in 12 of 12 cases Co V inoculation and negative in 14 normal rats, p< 0.0001. CD 3, CD 4 and CD 8 cells decreased significantly in acute phase when compared with normal group, p<0.0001. Histophatological changes of interstitial pneumonia were found at death. Positive immunostaining for Co V was found in all infected rats. Control cases were negative. CONCLUSIONS: The Co V elicited humoral immunity but inhibited cellular immunity, and the lung showed positive Co V corpuscles in the epithelial cells.
Strategic Withdrawal from Cigarette Smoking
Authors: A. G. Christen, K. H. Cooper
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1979)

Cigarette smoking can be viewed mainly as a psychological habit with accompanying pharmacological and social satisfactions and reinforcements. It is mainly a learned behavior, occurring in response to direct and indirect social pressures. Though each person's smoking habit is individualized, studies show that smokers find at least six psychological satisfactions in the habit: stimulation, handling, relaxation, tension reduction, craving and habit. To quit smoking, the individual must undergo physical and psychological withdrawal. Physical withdrawal symptoms last about a week but it may take months or years to restructure a life without cigarettes. Quitting is a long-term learning process involving a great deal of unconscious, constructive and painful conflict. One can stop smoking if the problem is attacked on a broad front, if one "burns one's bridges" behind him/her and if suitable satisfying alternatives and involvements are discovered. Physical exercise in the form of aerobics is proposed as an especially effective alternative behavior.
Child sex rings.
Authors: N J Wild, J M Wynne
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Details of 11 child sex rings identified in one working class community were obtained by interviewing investigating police officers and examining health and social services records. The rings contained 14 adult male perpetrators and 175 children aged 6-15 years. Most perpetrators used child ringleaders to recruit victims; others became a "family friend" or obtained a position of authority over children. Secrecy was encouraged and bribery, threats, and peer pressure used to induce participation in sexual activities. Offences reported included fondling, masturbation, pornography, and oral, vaginal, and anal intercourse. Eleven perpetrators were successfully prosecuted; all but one received a sentence of three years or less. Behavioural problems were common among those children who had participated for a long time. Child sex rings are difficult to detect and may be common. Many children are seriously abused as a consequence of them.
LOCAL INJECTION OF HYDROCORTISONE AND CORTISONE INTO SKIN LESIONS OF SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Robert D. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1953)

It has been reported1recently that the systemic administration of cortisone has a beneficial effect on sarcoidosis. The frequency with which spontaneous remissions occur in this disease makes it difficult to evaluate the effects of any therapeutic agent. Because it has been demonstrated that hydrocortisone and cortisone are effective when injected locally in rheumatoid arthritis2and other conditions,3it was felt that the cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis would provide an excellent means of studying the effects of these steroids on this disease. These lesions are readily available for direct observation and biopsy, and small doses of the steroid that is being evaluated can be injected directly into the lesions without producing systemic effects. Adjacent lesions can be left untreated to serve as controls. Experiments designed to demonstrate changes in isolated skin lesions following local injection of the test substances should provide a means of establishing with more
Influenza Vaccination of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: SUSAN C. RISTOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Twenty-nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 29 control subjects matched for age and prevaccination antibody titer received 200 chick-cell agglutinin units of A/New Jersey/76 HswINI influenza virus vaccine. Serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were measured before and 4 weeks after immunization. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were done before and 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination. Except for one patient with active lupus erythematosus who developed renal disease, there was no evidence of an increase in lupus erythematosus activity after immunization. Fourteen patients and 18 control subjects had a fourfold or greater increase in antibodies to influenza A/New Jersey/76. Mean postvaccination antibody titer of patients tended to be lower than that of controls (Student's t-test, t = 1.52, 0.05 < p < 0.10). Since patients with lupus erythematosus may have increased morbidity and mortality with influenza infections, they should receive influenza immunization even though the magnitude of their antibody response may be less than that of normal persons.
Solutions to health care waste: life-cycle thinking and "green" purchasing.
Authors: B Kaiser, P D Eagan, H Shaner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Health care waste treatment is linked to bioaccumulative toxic substances, such as mercury and dioxins, which suggests the need for a new approach to product selection. To address environmental issues proactively, all stages of the product life cycle should be considered during material selection. The purchasing mechanism is a promising channel for action that can be used to promote the use of environmentally preferable products in the health care industry; health care facilities can improve environmental performance and still decrease costs. Tools that focus on environmentally preferable purchasing are now emerging for the health care industry. These tools can help hospitals select products that create the least amount of environmental pollution. Environmental performance should be incorporated into the evolving definition of quality for health care.
Germ-Line Mutations in Nonsyndromic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Hartmut P.H. Neumann, Birke Bausch, Sarah R. McWhinney, Bernhard U. Bender, Oliver Gimm, Gerlind Franke, Joerg Schipper, Joachim Klisch, Carsten Altehoefer, Klaus Zerres, Andrzej Januszewicz, Wendy M. Smith, Robin Munk, Tanja Manz, Sven Glaesker, Thomas W. Apel, Markus Treier, Martin Reineke, Martin K. Walz, Cuong Hoang-Vu, Michael Brauckhoff, Andreas Klein-Franke, Peter Klose, Heinrich Schmidt, Margarete Maier-Woelfle, Mariola Peçzkowska, Cesary Szmigielski, Charis Eng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The group of susceptibility genes for pheochromocytoma that included the proto-oncogene RET (associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 [MEN-2]) and the tumor-suppressor gene VHL (associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease) now also encompasses the newly identified genes for succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB), which predispose carriers to pheochromocytomas and glomus tumors. We used molecular tools to classify a large cohort of patients with pheochromocytoma with respect to the presence or absence of mutations of one of these four genes and to investigate the relevance of genetic analyses to clinical practice.Peripheral blood from unrelated, consenting registry patients with pheochromocytoma was tested for mutations of RET, VHL, SDHD, and SDHB. Clinical data at first presentation and follow-up were evaluated.Among 271 patients who presented with nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma and without a family history of the disease, 66 (24 percent) were found to have mutations (mean age, 25 years; 32 men and 34 women). Of these 66, 30 had mutations of VHL, 13 of RET, 11 of SDHD, and 12 of SDHB. Younger age, multifocal tumors, and extraadrenal tumors were significantly associated with the presence of a mutation. However, among the 66 patients who were positive for mutations, only 21 had multifocal pheochromocytoma. Twenty-three (35 percent) presented after the age of 30 years, and 17 (8 percent) after the age of 40. Sixty-one (92 percent) of the patients with mutations were identified solely by molecular testing of VHL, RET, SDHD, and SDHB; these patients had no associated signs and symptoms at presentation.Almost one fourth of patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma may be carriers of mutations; routine analysis for mutations of RET, VHL, SDHD, and SDHB is indicated to identify pheochromocytoma-associated syndromes that would otherwise be missed.
Lipid Level Alterations in the Helsinki Heart Study
Authors: Joseph Emmerich
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read with interest the complementary results of the Helsinki Heart Study,<sup>1,2</sup>which concluded that both elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are effective in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Nevertheless, we would point out some questions suggested by a careful analysis of the text. There was a significant overall difference in the incidence of CHD between the treatment groups among the Fredrickson types (<i>P</i>&lt;.02). The treatment had a statistically significant effect in type IIB, with 19 cardiac end points (33%) in the gemfibrozil group vs 33 (55%) for the placebo one. Are the results also significant for type IIA, with, respectively, 33 events (28%) vs 44 (35%), and for type IV, with four events (21%) vs seven (34%)? The reduction of CHD with gemfibrozil in type IIA appeared to be smaller compared with type
Serial assessment of the electrocardiographic strain pattern for prediction of new‐onset heart failure during antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Markku S. Nieminen, Jonathan M. Edelman, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Bleeding from the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Cheves McCord Smythe, Melvin P. Osborne, Norman Zamcheck, William A. Richards, William M. Madison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN the first six weeks of 1955 7 of the 8 patients with acute hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract admitted to a male geriatric (over seventy) medical ward at the Boston City Hospital died. The medical-surgical-roentgenologic team approach to acute bleeding so strongly advocated since World War II1 2 3 4 5 6 has been the basis of the management of these cases on this service for the past seven years. This distressing death rate in a hospital and on a medical service that faces the problem of major gastrointestinal hemorrhage almost three times a week and has made a study of these cases . . .
Hemophilia and Aspirin
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Real progress in improving the lot of the hemophiliac depends on a broad understanding of his disease and on the utilization of those clinical observations that have contributed to the establishment of sound therapy. Unfortunately, the editorial on Hemophilia Prophylaxis ( 212 :2256-2257, 1970) failed in both aspects.  One can challenge the correctness of the statement: The feasibility of prophylaxis depends on the plasma clotting-factor level needed for reasonable protection, and on the frequency of infusions necessary to maintain the level. If this were true, how can the course be explained of the two hemophilic brothers who both had a concentration of factor VIII so low that it can only be estimated to be about 0.01% of normal? 1 One has no crippling hemarthrosis and has required transfusions on only two occasions in his 19 years of life, whereas his 20-year-old brother is now so crippled with joint
Passive smoking and childhood asthma
Authors: S. Willers, E. Svenonius, G. Skarping
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Passive exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed in children with asthma (age 3‐15) and in referents. There was statistically significantly ( P &lt; 0.0005) higher excretion of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, in the urine of 49 children with asthma (geometric mean 10 ng/ml) compared with 77 referents (4.8 ng/ml). Maternal smoking was statistically significantly more prevalent among the asthmatics than among the referents (relative risk = RR = 2.6, 95% Cl = 1.2‐5.3). In conclusion, the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in asthmatic children was higher than among healthy children, indicating that passive smoking may be a predisposing and/or aggravating factor for childhood asthma.
Official Call to the Officers and Members of the American Medical Association to attend the Interim Meeting of the House of Delegates in Orlando, Fla, December 2-5,1990
Authors: Jean Hill
Journal: JAMA (1990)

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Payment for Medical Care-Reply
Authors: Emmett B. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Sneider and Ms Thompson that the health consequences of various levels of cost sharing are important. While the effects of cost sharing on spending could be seen clearly in data from the early years of the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, the research on the health consequences of cost sharing is based primarily on data collected at the end of the experiment. We expect to publish our results soon. In the Sneider-Thompson study, patients under FFS were less likely to return for follow-up cultures than patients in a prepaid group medical plan. The results in our article dealt with spending differences between patients with some or with no cost sharing, all of whom were in FFS. Still, it is plausible that people with free care in FFS might behave like the PHP patients studied by Dr Sneider. If so, it supports our conjecture that the