tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival After Starr-Edwards Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: FREDRIC C. SHEAN, W. GERALD AUSTEN, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, ELDRED D. MUNDTH, J. GORDON SCANNELL, WILLARD M. DAGGETT
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A series of 507 patients who underwent Starr-Edwards aortic valve replacement is reported. Four hundred fifty-five of these patients were adequately followed an average of 36 months. Of this number, 339 patients (75%) are alive, and 116 (25%) have died. There was an operative mortality of 10.8% and a late mortality of 13.4%. Patients with mixed aortic stenosis and regurgitation had a significantly lower cumulative mortality than patients with pure stenosis or regurgitation. Complications related to the valvular prosthesis itself were frequent. Although the great majority were minor, prosthetic complications caused a significant number of deaths and considerable morbidity. Myocardial disease was the other significant limiting factor in survival. Preoperative cardiac index and functional classification were valuable in predicting long-term survival, but age at time of surgery and type of preoperative symptoms were of lesser prognostic value.
World Health Day Emphasizes Preventive Efforts, Teamwork to Fight Illness, Injury, Drugs
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

TODAY (April 7) is World Health Day. Its motto is "let's talk health." One goal of this sharing of knowledge about healthier life-styles, according to Hiroshi Nakajima, MD, PhD, director-general of the sponsoring World Health Organization, is to help each of the planet's citizens to "feel responsible for his or her own health." <h3>World No-Tobacco Day Next</h3> World Health Day will be followed in about 8 weeks by World No-Tobacco Day (May 31). And, in about 8 months (December 1), another "world day" is planned in connection with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The latter will be the second World AIDS Day (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;260:2969-2970). All of these are sponsored by the World Health Organization, an autonomous unit within the United Nations system that came into being 41 years ago today with the ratification of its constitution. Today, 166 nations belong to the World Health Organization and it has a worldwide staff of
Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes and multiple myeloma risk among women in Connecticut
Authors: Kyoung‐Mu Lee, Dalsu Baris, Yawei Zhang, H. Dean Hosgood, Idan Menashe, Meredith Yeager, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Sophia S. Wang, Mark P. Purdue, Stephen Chanock, Tongzhang Zheng, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In light of the relationship between immune system dysregulation and multiple myeloma (MM) risk, we investigated whether genetic variation in 92 immune function genes among 77 gene regions are associated with MM susceptibility in a population-based case-control study (108 cases and 482 controls) conducted among Caucasian women in Connecticut. Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; N = 870) were selected using a pairwise linkage-disequilibrium based algorithm. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SNP genotypes were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Tests of association for gene regions were conducted using the minP test. We applied the false discovery rate (FDR) method to the minP test results as a means of controlling for multiple comparisons. The CD4 gene region located on 12p13-q13 (minP = 0.0009), had an FDR value <0.1. In this region, a total of six tag SNPs in two genes (CD4 and LAG3) were significantly associated with MM risk (P(trend)<0.05), with the strongest association observed for the CD4 variant rs11064392 (OR(AG/GG) = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.59-4.02). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in CD4 may influence susceptibility to MM. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings and, more generally, to explore the manner in which genes and receptors may influence the pathogenesis of this poorly understood malignancy.
Acute altitude illnesses
Authors: C. Imray, A. Booth, A. Wright, A. Bradwell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Acute altitude illnesses are potentially serious conditions that can affect otherwise fit individuals who ascend too rapidly to altitude. They include high altitude headache, acute mountain sickness, high altitude cerebral oedema, and high altitude pulmonary oedema. The number of people travelling to altitude for work (soldiers, miners, construction workers, and astronomers) or for recreation (skiing, trekking, mountain biking, and climbing) is rising, and increased media attention towards these activities has also raised the profile of altitude related illness. Typical scenarios in which such illness might occur are a family trek to Everest base camp in Nepal (5360 m), a fund raising climb of Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m), or a tourist visit to Machu Picchu (2430 m). Awareness of potential altitude related problems is important even for healthcare practitioners working at lower altitude, because patients may ask for advice about the safety of a proposed journey and how to prevent illness at altitude.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline and Google Scholar with no …
Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Activity by Antigen‐Antibody Complexes
Authors: B. K. Pedersen, B. S. Thomsen, H. Nielsen
Journal: Allergy (1986)

The natural killer (NK) cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be inhibited by precipitated tetanus toxoid anti‐tetanus toxoid complexes (Te/ aTe) as well as soluble Te/aTe, Preincubation of the immune complexes with protein A decreased the inhibition of NK cell activity. When mononuclear cells were preincubated with interferon (IF) or interleukin 2 (II‐2) before incubation with Te/aTe, the immune complex‐induced inhibition was decreased, while IF or II‐2 added after incubation with the immune complexes had no effect. Using NK cell‐enriched suspensions in a single cell agarose assay, the immune complexes were shown to inhibit NK cell activity by inhibiting the formation of effector/target cell conjugates.
Abstract 3818: TEL-AML1-induced STAT3 activation is essential for t(12;21)-associated childhood leukemia.
Authors: Maurizio Mangolini, Jasper de Boer, Vanessa Walf-Vorderwülbecke, Rob Pieters, Monique den Boer, Owen Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation is the most common chromosomal abnormality in pediatric leukemia, present in up to 25% of children with pre-B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). This translocation involves two transcription factors, TEL(ETV6) and AML(RUNX1), both of which have crucial roles in regulating hematopoiesis. Our lab has previously established a list of TEL-AML1 transcriptional target genes using Affymetrix GeneChip global gene expression analysis of mouse fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) over-expressing the fusion cDNA. This analysis demonstrated deregulated expression of genes associated with STAT3 signaling, known to be one of the most important pathways required for proliferation and maintenance of multipotency in cancer stem cells. In this study, we analyze the importance of STAT3 activity in a mouse model of TEL-AML1 overexpression, in human TEL-AML1 positive leukemia cells and primary human leukemic samples. Our results show that activation STAT3, via RAC1 induction, is necessary for the survival, proliferation and self-renewal of TEL-AML1 positive leukemia through transcriptional regulation of MYC expression. In conclusion we show a novel signaling pathway important for the maintenance of TEL-AML1 leukemia that constitutes a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TEL-AML1 leukemia. Citation Format: Maurizio Mangolini, Jasper de Boer, Vanessa Walf-Vorderwülbecke, Rob Pieters, Monique den Boer, Owen Williams. TEL-AML1-induced STAT3 activation is essential for t(12;21)-associated childhood leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3818. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3818
Autoamputation of infant's finger by knitted mitten: a forgotten hazard.
Authors: M G Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Contamination ofparaphernalia usedfor injection-Four addicts submitted their injection paraphernalia for culture.C albcans was isolated from one set and C parapsilosis from another.The remaining two sets yielded negative results.Recovery offungi from street heroin-It is illegal to obtain heroin sold in the streets.Legal restrictions on the availability of confiscated drugs precluded analysis, despite our attempts to arrange this.Effect of diacetylmorphine hrydrochloride on growth of C albicans-Previous studies failed to isolate Candida spp from heroin sold in the street.23Cultures of C albicans in the exponentially growing and resting phases were found to be inhibited by diacetylmorphine in agar diffusion susceptibility tests.Excision-of the inhibition zones and further incubation in drug free medium did notenhance growth of the organisms.This indicates a fungicidal potential for the drug.The minimum inhibitory concentration using agar and broth dilution methods was 25-30 g/l.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Bernard L. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The unusual sensory and motor symptoms of the restless legs syndrome are described in general and as experienced by a 48-year-old woman with severe insomnia secondary to these symptoms. The neurologic evaluation of this patient showed definite evidence of motor neuron disease as reflected in abnormalities in the electromyogram, muscle biopsy specimen, and cerebrospinal fluid.  (JAMA230:1302-1303, 1974)
Cytotoxic activity of T cells and non-T cells from diclofenac-immunized mice against cultured syngeneic hepatocytes exposed to diclofenac
Authors: Anke Kretz-Rommel, Urs A. Boelsterli
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To evaluate whether hepatocellular protein adducts of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug diclofenac could elicit a specific cell-mediated or antibody-dependent immune response that eventually results in liver cell destruction, we developed a murine ex vivo/in vitro mixed lymphocyte hepatocyte culture (MLHC) model. C57BL/6 mice were immunized either with diclofenac conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or with KLH alone. Splenocytes from mice exhibiting high anti-diclofenac antibody titers were isolated and co-cultured at an effector/target cell ratio of 100:1 with syngeneic murine hepatocytes preexposed to diclofenac. By 48 and 72 hours, extracellular alanine transaminase (ALT) activity had increased 6.4-and 7.6-fold, respectively, versus the 24-hour value. In contrast, there was no significant cytotoxic response after either drug treatment alone or immunization alone. Furthermore, those cellular populations capable of inducing ALT release also showed lymphocyte stimulation as determined by interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression and lymphocyte proliferation analysis. The extent of cell injury was highest in the presence of lymphocytes highly enriched in T cells and was reduced by 40% in the presence of anti-MHC I antibodies. Similarly, albeit to a lesser extent, non-T cell-enriched lymphocyte fractions also induced hepatocyte injury. The addition of co-culture supernatants to hepatocytes had no effect, thus ruling out the possibility that soluble factors alone mediated the cell injury. However, supernatants from diclofenac-stimulated lymphocytes, combined with nonstimulated splenocytes, triggered an immediate (&lt;1 hour) cytotoxic response, suggesting antibody-dependent cell-mediated mechanisms of target cell injury. These results indicate that diclofenac-treated hepatocytes carried antigenic determinants that were recognized by T cells and non-T cells derived from diclofenac/KLH-immunized mice, resulting in cell-mediated destruction of the target hepatocytes. (Hepatology 1995; 22:213-222.)
Case 2. Spontaneous regression of peritoneal implants in borderline ovarian tumor after salpingo-oophorectomy.
Authors: P. Morice, A. Thoury, J.C. Sabourin, S. Camatte, D. Atallah, J.P. Armand, P. Madelenat, P. Duvillard, D. Castaigne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)
Drug Contamination with Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Wendell W. Weber, Moses Grossman, Joseph V. Thom, Janet Sax, James J. Chan, Milton P. Duffy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SEVEN boys and girls, one to nine years of age, accidentally received some diethylstilbestrol with their prescribed isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) owing to an error in drug manufacture. The fact that these children were on a hospital ward permitted us to make careful observation of the resultant signs and symptoms and relate them to the dose of diethylstilbestrol ingested. We wish to report these observations in detail and to call attention to the problem of drug contamination.Description of OutbreakA three-and-a-half-year-old girl (Case 7) hospitalized on a children's tuberculosis ward for the treatment of her primary disease was noted . . .
The serotoninergic receptor subtype 5-HTR1B contributes to the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Tobias Müller, Anngeret Hüttel, Melanie Grimm, Marco Idzko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In addition to its well described role in the nervous and cardiovascular system 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), has also potent immuno-regulatory properties. Furthermore, elevated levels of free serotonin have been detected in the serum of symptomatic asthmatics. However, the exact serotoninergic receptor subtypes involved have not been elucidated, yet. In this study we questioned whether the subtype 5-HTR1B is involved in the pathogenesis of experimental asthma.  Expression of 5-HTR1B receptors in lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Allergic airway inflammation was studied in the classical OVA-alum model and in a model of house dust mite (HDM) induced airway inflammation.  The experimental induction of allergic airway inflammation led to an increased 5-HTR1B expression in the lungs of animals sensitized to OVA and challenged with OVA-aerosols. 5-HTR1B expression was even higher in animals with chronic asthma. To confirm the in-vivo relevance of this finding, animals sensitized to OVA were treated intratracheally with the selective 5-HTR1B antagonist NAS 181 prior to challenge with OVA aerosols resulting in decreased allergic airway inflammation as depicted by reduced broncho alveolar lavage eosinophils and lymphocytes, by reduced perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, as well as by reduced production of Th2 cytokines by re-stimulated mediastinal lymph node cells. The intratracheal application of NAS 181 had also protective effects in HDM-induced asthma.  Here we provide evidence that 5-HTR1B receptors modulates asthmatic airway inflammation. Therefore, 5-HTR1B receptors might be promising targets for the development of new anti-asthmatic drugs.
Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Daniel C. Ihde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

POPULATION-BASED statistics on lung cancer in the United States must give pause even to hardened optimists. Carcinoma of the lung was the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death from cancer last year.1 Therapeutic results in this disease have been stagnant, with only a minimal increase in five-year survival between 1974 and 1987.2 Although a reduction in cigarette smoking began to produce an age-adjusted decrease in the incidence of disease among men in about 1988, the incidence among women is moving in the opposite direction, more than doubling between 1973 and 1988.2 Furthermore, even if all cigarette . . .
The rational clinical examination in emergency care
Authors: K. Mackway-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We should tell patients that even highly sensitive tests miss some cases

Understanding the patient’s history and interpreting the clinical examination can be challenging in emergencies. Although the immediate presenting problem may be clear—“I’ve hurt my hand” or “I have a cough”—confounding factors such as pain and anxiety may obfuscate the symptoms and mask the signs. In these circumstances a rational approach to clinical assessment is essential.1

The Ottawa ankle rules are probably the most well known and frequently used clinical decision support rules for use in emergencies.2 3 Evidence based approaches have, however, been developed to help in many other emergency situations, including head injury in adults and children,4 5 neck injury,6 knee injury,7 mandibular trauma,8 and risk assessment after self harm.9

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2428), Appelboam and colleagues extend this work with the results of the SWEET study—a multicentre prospective diagnostic cohort study that investigates a simple clinical test (extension of the …
Potassium-43 Myocardial Perfusion Scanning for the Noninvasive Evaluation of Patients with False-Positive Exercise Tests
Authors: BARRY L. ZARET, ROBERT E. STENSON, NEIL D. MARTIN, H. WILLIAM STRAUSS, HARRY P. WELLS, RONALD L. MCGOWAN, M. D. FLAMM
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Twelve patients with false-positive ECG exercise tests presented with ischemic ECG responses (greater than one mm ST segment depression) during graded maximal treadmill exercise testing in the absence of exercise-induced chest pain or clinical coronary heart disease. Coronary arteriography, left ventriculography and hemodynamic evaluation revealed no significant abnormality in these patients. Transmyocardial lactate analysis during atrial pacing revealed a normal extraction (mean 21%) during pacing stress in five patients. Nine of 12 patients were evaluated with exercise potassium-43 myocardial perfusion imaging whereby the radioactive tracer was administered intravenously during exercise at a time when abnormal ECG changes were present. Myocardial images in these nine patients all showed a normal homogeneous pattern of radioisotope distribution. These results are in direct contrast to findings in patients with coronary heart disease in whom reproducibly demonstrable abnormal regions of decreased potassium-43 accumulation have been noted in myocardial images obtained following injection of the radioactive tracer during exercise. Potassium-43 exercise myocardial perfusion scanning thus appears to be an accurate noninvasive method of assessing patients with suspected false-positive exercise tests and provides a means of increasing the specificity of exercise testing.
Adverse Reactions to Duck Embryo Rabies Vaccine
Authors: R. H. RUBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Approximately 424 000 persons received duck embryo rabies vaccine between 1958 and 1971, with the following serious reactions being voluntarily reported: 22 cases of anaphylaxis, 11 of abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting, 5 of cranial or peripheral neuropathy, 4 of transverse myelitis, 2 of nonfatal encephalopathy, 2 of fatal encephalitis, and 1 of thrombocytopenic purpura. The only reported deaths occurred in individuals who may have died of other causes—for example, rabies itself. To determine the true incidence of reactions to the vaccine, prospective studies were carried out: of 1679 persons receiving preexposure prophylaxis, 67% developed local skin reactions, 10%, constitutional symptoms, and 0.5%, anaphylaxis. Of 116 persons receiving postexposure therapy, 100% had local reactions, 33%, constitutional symptoms, and 0.9%, anaphylaxis. Thus, although duck embryo rabies vaccine is associated with a high incidence of minor reactions, it rarely causes serious difficulty and can be safely used in rabies prophylaxis.
Prostate specific antigen for early detection of prostate cancer: longitudinal study
Authors: B. Holmstrom, M. Johansson, A. Bergh, U.-H. Stenman, G. Hallmans, P. Stattin
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To evaluate if prostate specific antigen test attains validity standards required for screening in view of recent prostate cancer screening trial results.Case-control study nested in longitudinal cohort.Västerbotten Intervention Project cohort, Umeå, Sweden.540 cases and 1034 controls matched for age and date of blood draw.Validity of prostate specific antigen for prediction of subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis by record linkage to cancer registry.Blood samples were drawn on average 7.1 (SD 3.7) years before diagnosis. The area under the curve for prostate specific antigen was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.86). At prostate specific antigen cut-off values of 3, 4, and 5 ng/ml, sensitivity estimates were 59%, 44%, and 33%, and specificity estimates were 87%, 92%, and 95%. The positive likelihood ratio commonly considered to "rule in disease" is 10; in this study the positive likelihood ratios were 4.5, 5.5, and 6.4 for prostate specific antigen cut-off values of 3, 4, and 5 ng/ml. The negative likelihood ratio commonly considered to "rule out disease" is 0.1; in this study the negative likelihood ratios were 0.47, 0.61, and 0.70 for prostate specific antigen cut-off values of 3, 4, and 5 ng/ml. For a cut-off of 1.0 ng/ml, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.08.No single cut-off value for prostate specific antigen concentration attained likelihood ratios formally required for a screening test. Prostate specific antigen concentrations below 1.0 ng/ml virtually ruled out a prostate cancer diagnosis during the follow-up. Additional biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer are needed before population based screening for prostate cancer should be introduced.
Tc-99m Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies Against Granulocytes (BW 250/183) in the Detection of Appendicitis
Authors: HANS J. BIERSACK, BETTINA OVERBECK, GERHARD OTT, ULLRICH KANIA, BERND BRIELE, JOACHIM KROPP, ANDREAS BOCKISCH, FRANK GR??NWALD, ANDREAS L. HOTZE, ANDREAS HIRNER, WEI JEN SHIH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibodies (BW 250/183 MoABs) was performed in 32 patients with suspected appendicitis. Abdominal imaging (planar/SPECT) was performed 2 hours after injection of the tracer. All patients also had surgery and a histologic examination of the resected tissue. Of the patients, 17 suffered from "acute appendicitis" and 12 had right positive scans (sensitivity = 70.6%). In 15 patients, acute appendicitis could have been ruled out, and in 11 of these cases the scan was true negative (specificity = 73.3%). The overall accuracy was 71.8% (23/32 cases). The use of Tc-99m antigranulocyte MoABs may overcome the problems associated with the Tc-99m HMPAO granulocyte and In-111 oxine approaches, which include nonspecific intestinal activity or the lack of timeliness. The use of Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibodies is suitable as an emergency procedure and may play a role in the management of patients with suspected appendicitis.