tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neonatal bronchial hyperresponsiveness precedes acute severe viral bronchiolitis in infants
Authors: Bo L.K. Chawes, Porntiva Poorisrisak, Sebastian L. Johnston, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)

Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory tract viruses lead to common colds in most infants, whereas a minority develop acute severe bronchiolitis often requiring hospitalization. We hypothesized that such an excessive response to respiratory tract viral infection is caused by host factors reflected in pre-existing increased bronchial responsiveness.We sought to compare bronchial responsiveness and lung function in 1-month-old neonates who later develop acute severe bronchiolitis with those who do not.We measured infant lung function (n=402) and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (n=363) using the raised-volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique before any respiratory symptoms in 1-month-old neonates from the Copenhagen Prospective Study of Asthma in Childhood birth cohort born to mothers with asthma. The children were prospectively monitored for respiratory symptoms and given a diagnosis of acute severe bronchiolitis according to a fixed algorithm.Thirty-four (8.5%) infants had acute severe bronchiolitis before 2 years of age, 21 (62%) were hospitalized, and 23 (67%) of the cases were associated with respiratory syncytial virus. Children who later had acute severe bronchiolitis irrespective of viral species had a 2.5-fold increased responsiveness to methacholine (provocative dose of methacholine producing a 15% decrease in transcutaneous oxygen pressure [PD(15)]) at age 1 month compared with control subjects (median PD(15) in cases vs control subjects, 0.13 vs 0.33 μmol; P=.01), whereas differences in baseline airflow were not significant for forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds (mean z score for cases vs control subjects, -0.18 vs -0.01; P=.36) and forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (mean z score for cases vs control subjects, -0.37 vs -0.09; P=.13).Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in at-risk neonates precedes acute severe bronchiolitis in response to infections with respiratory tract virus.
Correction: Increased Risk for Vitamin A Toxicity in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: JEROME K. ELLIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987Correction: Increased Risk for Vitamin A Toxicity in Severe HypertriglyceridemiaJEROME K. ELLIS, B.S.JEROME K. ELLIS, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-917_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to report an error in our short paper (1) on vitamin A toxicity in severe hypertriglyceridemia. In Table 1, page 878, the heading of the far right column, "1.006 Top Retinyl Esters" should read "1.006 Top Retinol."...Reference1. ELLISRUSSELMAKRAUERSCHAEFER JRFE. Increased risk for vitamin A toxicity in severe hypertriglyceridemia. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:877-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 411 Second Street #3; Heidelberg, PA 15106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 917-917KeywordsRisk managementToxicityVitamin A Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Roentgen Ray In Ophthalmology.
Authors: Howard F. Hansell
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 29, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the issue of theJournalof January 16, the proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Medicine are reported. Dr. Casey A. Wood, in the discussion of Dr. E. H. Lee's paper on "Dermatitis following the Roentgen Ray," is quoted as saying "So far as the diagnostic value of the X rays in ocular diagnosis is concerned the subject may be dismissed in a few words.... But it was found that inasmuch as the eyeball is surrounded by a bony casing... the experiments were found to be of little value." In experiments made in Chicago to determine the presence and location of a foreign body in the eyeball "the X ray was found to be of little or no value." In Philadelphia our experience has been quite the reverse. Within the past two months, two instances of the detection of steel in
Synergistic Interaction between Sphingomyelin and Gemcitabine Potentiates Ceramide-Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: David E. Modrak, Thomas M. Cardillo, Guy A. Newsome, David M. Goldenberg, David V. Gold
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We have examined the mechanism by which sphingomyelin (SM) enhances chemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer cells, focusing on the correlation between ceramide metabolism and apoptosis. Dose response curves for gemcitabine in the absence or presence of 0.2 mg/mL SM provided IC50 values of 78.3 ± 13.7 and 13.0 ± 3.0 nmol/L, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of the combined treatment was synergistic (combination index = 0.36). Using annexin-V staining, the percentage of apoptotic cells was 3.6 ± 2.6% for the untreated cells, 6.5 ± 3.8% for the 0.2 mg/mL SM-treated cells, and 19.9 ± 12.9% for the 100 nmol/L gemcitabine-treated cells, but increased significantly to 42.1 ± 12.7% with the combined treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.001, compared with gemcitabine-treated group). The percentage of cells losing mitochondrial membrane potential followed a similar trend. The ceramide content of untreated and gemcitabine-treated cells was not significantly different (0.46 ± 0.29 and 0.59 ± 0.34 pmol ceramide/nmole PO4). However, when 0.2 mg/mL SM was added, ceramide levels were 1.09 ± 0.42 and 1.58 ± 0.55 pmol ceramide/nmol PO4, for the SM alone and SM with gemcitabine-treated cells, respectively (P = 0.038). Acidic SMase was activated by exposure to gemcitabine but not SM, whereas the activities of neutral SMase and glycosylceramide synthase did not change with either gemcitabine or SM. The data are consistent with gemcitabine-induced activation of acidic SMase and indicate that the addition of SM can yield increased production of ceramide, mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis, and cell death. Because SM by itself is relatively nontoxic, addition of this lipid to agents that induce apoptosis may prove useful to enhance apoptosis and increase cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
Anticoagulants for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Irving Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Theoretically, chronic atrial fibrillation adversely affects individuals with organic heart disease from the standpoint of increased incidence of thromboembolic phenomena and resistant decompensation. This study was designed to demonstrate the effects on rates of morbidity and mortality of anticoagulation and reversion to normal sinus rhythm. Three hundred hospitalized, decompensated cardiac patients with atrial fibrillation of more than 18 days' duration were treated by conventional measures of bed rest, salt restriction, and administration of digitalis and diuretics. One hundred served as a control group; the second 100 received quinidine sulfate and bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol); and the third 100 were given bishydroxycoumarin but no quinidine. Rates of mortality and morbidity were highest in the control group and lowest in the second group. Mortality and the nonfatal thromboembolic rates were diminished in the group which received anticoagulants alone, but the incidence of persistent decompensation was unchanged.
Modification of neutrophil functions by naftifine
Authors: B.A. SOLOMON, W.-L. LEE, S.C. GEEN, K. SUNTHARALINGAM, S.M. FIKRIG, A.R. SHALITA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Naftifine (NF), a topical antimycotic agent, is highly active in vitro and in vivo against a wide range of pathogenic fungi. NF inhibits human polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) chemotaxis. Following stimulation with zymosan-activated serum, 85-97% of the PMNs exhibited detectable membrane ruffling and polarity. In contrast, NF-treated PMNs did not exhibit such chemotactic factor-induced shape changes. We also analysed the effect of NF on PMN superoxide anion (O2-) and chemiluminescence (CL) production, as a measure of respiratory burst activity. Stimulation of PMNs pre-incubated with NF (37 degrees C for 30 min at 1-150 micrograms/ml) by FMLP, PMA and zymosan resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition in PMN CL. Doses of NF which depressed chemotaxis, inhibited CL and diminished O2- production in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.05-0.001). In conclusion, NF alters membrane-related responses in PMNs, and this alteration may be associated with a change in PMN morphology. Binding of NF to PMN membrane sterol, with a subsequent alteration in membrane configuration, is the most likely cause of the inhibition of PMN function. The data collectively document biochemical and morphological differences between control and NF-treated PMNs as determined by stimulus-specific CL and O2- generation and membrane shape change. Such differences may account, in part, for its efficacy in inflammatory fungal skin diseases.
Consumption Coagulopathy and Acute Renal Failure Due to Gram-Negative Septicemia After Abortion
Authors: A. R. CLARKSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A case of acute renal failure with consumption coagulopathy in a young woman with gram-negative septicemia complicating induced abortion is described. The features of her illness resembled those of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Prompt recognition of the syndrome allowed early heparin therapy that, although initially inadequate, may have averted the complication of renal cortical necrosis and led to full clinical recovery. Problems in treatment arose with the use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and the decision to cease anticoagulant therapy. The use of the FI-test as a measure of split products of fibrinogen and as a monitor of the coagulation disorder is emphasized.
Spinal-Fusion Surgery — Advances and Concerns
Authors: Stephen J. Lipson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Spinal arthrodesis (the creation of a fusion) was developed for the treatment of instability and deformity due to tuberculosis, scoliosis, and traumatic injury. Modern spinal surgery was helped by the introduction in 1911 of the tibial graft by Albee and the iliac-crest graft by Hibbs. These techniques required prolonged postoperative bed rest and the use of braces and casts for immobilization, and their use was complicated by a rate of pseudarthrosis of at least 20 percent. Surgical implants for the spine were developed later in the century in an attempt to improve the rate of fusion and hasten the recovery . . .
Poly (hexamethylene biguanide) adsorption on hydrogen peroxide treated Ti–Al–V alloys and effects on wettability, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Gerald Müller, Hicham Benkhai, Rutger Matthes, Birgit Finke, Wenke Friedrichs, Norman Geist, Walter Langel, Axel Kramer
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A KNOWLEDGE OR A TIME REQUIREMENT. A PLEA FOR A MORE RATIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICAL LEGISLATION.
Authors: YOUNG H. BOND
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The very general move in the direction of medical legislation, during the past year or so, indicates the urgent demand on the part of the profession, for the just and proper regulation of the practice of medicine. In addition it is significant of the increase in competition and of the growing metamorphosis of the art of medicine into the science of medicine, of which the precepts and teachings follow such fixed laws, that he who studies may learn. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Our nineteenth century is a wonderful one— the like of which has never been seen in the whole compass of earthly years. Born during the great struggle of freedom against tyranny and oppression, living through the downfall of the ancient superstition of the divine right of Kings, it is about to make its exit from a world whose democracy is stamped in every act, and whose parting requiem to
Anterior Pituitary — Six Glands and One
Authors: Seymour Reichlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Though anatomically associated in a single structure, the anterior pituitary is made up of at least six different secretory types of cells, all capable of functioning independently of one another. Monotropic pituitary deficiency in the secretion of growth hormone, thyrotropic hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin has been recognized, as have combined deficits in secretion of the gonadotropic hormones — luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In this issue of the Journal, Rabin and his collaborators report a novel case of primary amenorrhea in which the gonadotropin deficit has been shown to be of only one of the gonadotropins. . . .
"Test Banding" of the Pulmonary Artery with a Balloon-Tipped Catheter
Authors: WILLIAM J. RASHKIND, JOHN A. WALDHAUSEN, WILLIAM W. MILLER, PAUL DODD, SIDNEY FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The reactivity of the pulmonary arteriolar bed is determined by "test banding" the pulmonary artery from within. This is accomplished with a double-lumen, balloon-tipped catheter. In the absence of irreversible pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, inflation of the balloon in the pulmonary artery results in a sustained fall in pulmonary artery pressure and a sustained increase in systemic arterial pressure. The technique, performed as an adjunct to the diagnostic catheterization of any patient with significantly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, is a means of obtaining a preoperative assessment of pulmonary arteriolar reactivity. Three patients in this study were shown to have reactive pulmonary arterioles although they all had pulmonic:systemic flow ratios of 1.3:1 or less and pulmonic:systemic pressure and resistance ratios greater than 0.75, and failed to respond to 100% oxygen inhalation and tolazoline injection.
Recovery of cortical phospholipidosis and necrosis after acute gentamicin loading in rats
Authors: Rubén A. Giuliano, Guy J. Paulus, Gert A. Verpooten, Viviane M. Pattyn, Dirk E. Pollet, Etienne J. Nouwen, Guy Laurent, Marie-Béatrice Carlier, Paul Maldague, Paul M. Tulkens, Marc E. De Broe
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
Tlx acts as a proangiogenic switch by regulating extracellular assembly of fibronectin matrices in retinal astrocytes
Authors: A. Uemura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

In response to hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors act as the primary proangiogenic triggers by regulating transcription levels of target genes, including VEGF. However, little is known about the specific factors that control other components of the angiogenic process, particularly formation of matrix scaffolds that promote adhesion and migration of endothelial cells. We show that in the postnatal mouse retina, the orphan nuclear receptor tailless (Tlx) is strongly expressed in the proangiogenic astrocytes, which secrete VEGF and fibronectin. Tlx expression by retinal astrocytes is controlled by oxygen concentration and rapidly downregulated upon contact with blood vessels. In mice null for Tlx, retinal astrocytes maintain VEGF expression; however, the extracellular assembly of fibronectin matrices by astrocytes is severely impaired, leading to defective scaffold formation and a complete failure of normal retinal vascular development. This work identifies Tlx as an essential component of the molecular network involved in the hypoxia-inducible proangiogenic switch in retinal astrocytes.
Report calls for universal health cover for all US citizens
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Health insurance cover should be extended to all American citizens, concludes a new report from the US Institute of Medicine.

The institute's sixth and final report on the impact of the lack of health insurance on health care calls on the president and Congress to “develop a strategy to achieve universal insurance coverage and to establish a firm schedule to reach this goal by 2010.”

The earlier reports detailed the consequences of the lack of health insurance for individuals, the stress it places on the healthcare system, and the …
Women in academic medicine still have to battle against macho culture
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Women trying to carve out a career in academic medicine in the United Kingdom continue to face a dominant male “club culture,” misplaced competition, exclusion, and lack of support, says a report out this week.

Despite the fact that women have made up more than 40% of medical graduates in the past 20 years and now account for 60% of medical students, women doctors are still strikingly under-represented in the university sector, especially in senior posts, says the report from the women in academic medicine project, a research venture funded by a variety of sources, including the government and the BMA.

The report makes a raft of recommendations for government, institutions, professionals, and …
Age, pattern of consultation, and functional disability in elderly patients in one general practice.
Authors: R G Hall, D M Channing
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To examine how functional disability varies with sex, age, and other variables in patients aged 75 and over living in the community and to ascertain whether a statistical model derived from the variables in this population usefully predicted functional disability in another of similar age.Retrospective study of data collected by interview and by examination of medical records.An urban general practice with five partners and a list of 15,000 patients, very few of whom belonged to ethnic minorities.775 Patients (252 men, 523 women) aged 75 and over living in the community between September 1985 and August 1986; 13 other patients considered to be unsuitable and 14 who declined an interview were excluded. Also 94 patients who became 75 or joined the practice after August 1986.The proportions of fit, partially disabled, and severely disabled (housebound) patients.90 Men (35.7%) and 128 women (24.5%) were fit, and 27 men (10.7%) and 116 women (22.2%) were housebound; in all age groups women were significantly more likely to be disabled than men. A significant trend towards greater disability was shown with increasing age and, more noticeably, with pattern of consultation when patients were divided into three categories based on the number of times they had attended the surgery and been visited at home over about two years. Statistical models gave the forecast percentage of fit and severely disabled patients for each sex, age group, and pattern of consultation, and a simple scheme was derived to identify from information wholly contained in medical records most of those patients most prone to severe disability. The scheme was verified applying it to a population of 94 elderly patients in 1988-9.Sex, age, and pattern of consultation together provide a quick indication of elderly patients' tendency to severe disability, which can help in screening and in day to day consultations.
Enkephalins increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate content, calcium uptake, and contractile state in cultured chick embryo heart cells.
Authors: S Laurent, J D Marsh, T W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Peripheral vascular effects of opioid peptides are well known, but direct myocardial effects have not been established. We studied the inotropic response of spontaneously beating cultured chick embryo ventricular cells to the enkephalin analogue [D-Ala2]-enkephalin. Amplitude of cell motion increased in a concentration-dependent manner with 0.53 microM [D-Ala2]-enkephalin producing half-maximal response. The mechanism of this positive inotropic effect was investigated by examining alterations in 45Ca influx, cyclic AMP accumulation and adenylate cyclase activity in response to [D-Ala2]-enkephalin. At maximally inotropic concentrations, the 45Ca influx rate increased 39%, adenylate cyclase was stimulated by 30%, and cyclic AMP content rose more than twofold. Thus, in contrast to neural tissue, receptors for enkephalin in cultured heart cells are coupled to adenylate cyclase in a stimulatory manner. Occupancy of these receptors produces an increase in cyclic AMP levels and exerts a positive inotropic effect via a verapamil-sensitive enhancement of Ca influx.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and reversibility of uremic left ventricular hypertrophy following long-term antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Giuseppe Cannella, Ernesto Paoletti, Sergio Barocci, Fabio Massarino, Roberto Delfino, Giambattista Ravera, Giovanni Di Maio, Arcangelo Nocera, Pietro Patrone, Davide Rolla
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
The Tobacco Industry and the Brown and Williamson Documents
Authors: Peter N. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Ms Barnes and colleagues 1 give the totally false impression that, in 1981, I believed that Hirayama's British Medical Journal article, 2 which suggested that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure can cause lung cancer in nonsmokers, was  At that time, Mantel 3 had suggested, based on a trend analysis of Hirayama's unadjusted data, that Hirayama had confused χ 2 and χ, thereby considerably overstating the statistical significance of the relationship he had observed between lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women and the extent of smoking by their husbands. I had argued that Hirayama's cited trend χ value was probably based on age-adjusted data and was likely to be correct. My judgment to the effect that Hirayama was correct related solely to this single aspect of statistical methodology. It did not relate to his conclusion, which at that time (as I found when I visited him in
Polyvalent Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Aaron J. Shwayder
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the "Questions and Answers" department ofThe Journal(<b>183</b>:78 [Jan 5] 1963) the use of 0.1 cc of polyvalent influenza vaccine administered intradermally is mentioned. I have observed nine patients in whom intradermal administration of adeno-virus-influenza vaccine (Resprogen) resulted in the formation of a granuloma. After 10 months, this granuloma had to be removed by the use of dry ice or cauterization. Therefore, I feel that the vaccine should not be given intradermally, even though it may be in short supply.
Induction of Senescence in Diterpene Ester–Treated Melanoma Cells via Protein Kinase C–Dependent Hyperactivation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Authors: Sarah-Jane Cozzi, Peter G. Parsons, Steven M. Ogbourne, Julie Pedley, Glen M. Boyle
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The diterpene ester PEP005 is a novel anticancer agent that activates protein kinase C (PKC) and induces cell death in melanoma at high doses. We now describe the in vitro cytostatic effects of PEP005 and the diterpene ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, observed in 20% of human melanoma cell lines. Primary cultures of normal human neonatal fibroblasts were resistant to growth arrest, indicating a potential for tumor selectivity. Sensitive cell lines were induced to senesce and exhibited a G1 and G2-M arrest. There was sustained expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, irreversible dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, and transcriptional silencing of E2F-responsive genes in sensitive cell lines. Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) 1/2 by PKC was required for diterpene ester–induced senescence. Expression profiling revealed that the MAP kinase inhibitor HREV107 was expressed at a higher transcript level in resistant compared with sensitive cell lines. We propose that activation of PKC overstimulates the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, resulting in molecular changes leading to the senescent phenotype. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 10083-91)
The ascomycin macrolactam pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981) is a potent inhibitor of mediator release from human dermal mast cells and peripheral blood basophils
Authors: Torsten Zuberbier, Sie-Uen Chong, Karl Grunow, Sven Guhl, Pia Welker, Maximilian Grassberger, Beate M. Henz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)