tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Itraconazole as maintenance treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: J de Gans, J K M E. Schattenkerk, R J van Ketel
Journal: BMJ (1988)

between patients having abdominal or other operations.Minor operations under local anaesthesia resulted in smaller but significant increases in urinary total protein but not albumin concentrations, supporting the observation made in patients with trauma that the magnitude of proteinuria is related to the severity of injury.We conclude that operations are associated with a rapid increase in urinary protein excretion, and major operations with microalbuminuria, and suggest that this reflects changes in vascular permeability.The usefulness of measurements of protein excretion in predicting postoperative complications needs to be established.1 Winocour PH, Durrington PN, Ishola M, Anderson DC, Cohen H. Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetics.
NHS research needs separate funds, says task force
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Unless money for research and development is separated from other NHS funding there is a risk that investment in such programmes will be “squeezed out as providers seek to keep their service prices to purchasers as low as possible,” warns a government task force. The task force was set up by to look at the effects of the reforms on research and development in the NHS.

Chaired by Professor Anthony Culyer, the pro-vice chancellor of the University of York, it wrote to over 900 organisations and individuals and received over 200 replies. Almost everyone who replied expressed concern that the NHS reforms were jeopardising research and development. Purchasers and providers wanted to invest only in programmes that were immediately and directly relevant to the delivery of patients' care. Multicentre trials were at risk because purchasers …
SYNOVECTOMY AND FAT PAD REMOVAL IN THE KNEE
Authors: ARTHUR STEINDLER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Synovectomy is primarily conceived to satisfy a causal indication, by removal of the diseased synovial sac as the principal seat of the local pathologic changes of the joint. It has been justly reasoned by Swett and others that even under the aspect of being a systemic condition, chronic joint disease is duly benefited by a procedure that removes a local focus of infection in the joint, certainly not less potent than other foci situated more remotely. In view of the great frequency and variety of cases of chronic arthritis, a careful selection is urged by Swett, Ellis and others for the performance of this operation, and very wise and judicious restrictions have been drawn, limiting the indication to certain types and certain clinical phases. Jones considers as suitable a definite type of low grade infection in which pathologic lesions still remain after months or years, and which is characterized by
A Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Deficient Oxidative Metabolism Due to a Low-Affinity NADPH Oxidase
Authors: P. Daniel Lew, Frederick S. Southwick, Thomas P. Stossel, John C. Whitin, Elizabeth Simons, Harvey J. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

OUR defense against bacterial infections depends in part on the action of phagocytic leukocytes, which encounter and kill potentially pathogenic microorganisms. A severe reduction in the number or function of phagocytic leukocytes may predispose a person to peculiar, recurrent, or unusually severe infections. One of the first examples of such an impairment discovered was a genetic disorder called chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).1 Phagocytic leukocytes from patients with CGD have an impaired ability to kill certain microorganisms, because the phagocytes cannot produce metabolites of oxygen that are toxic to these microbes.2 , 3 It is believed that an appropriate perturbation of the phagocyte's . . .
Government Policies Toward Tobacco Growing Promote Health
Authors: J. Paul Leigh
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is often claimed that government policy toward tobacco is contradictory, because it discourages consumption through excise taxes and restrictions on advertising while at the same time providing financial assistance to tobacco growers.<sup>1</sup>Yet, the policy makes sense from a public health perspective because the program to assist growers is in harmony with the goal of reducing the use of tobacco. If Congress were to cut federal funds to tobacco farmers, as the Coalition on Smoking OR Health recently suggested (<i>Lexington Herald-Leader</i>, Jan 15, 1987, p A9), more people would ultimately die of smoking-related illnesses. The Department of Agriculture guarantees tobacco growers will not have to sell below a certain price. While this price-support program involves some government purchases, it works primarily through government control of output. Each grower has a quota on the amount that can be sold through government-approved warehouses, and all sales must
Quantitation of Right-to-left Shunt Ratio in Patients with Pulmonary Teleangiectasia by Technetium-99m MAA Lung Perfusion Imaging
Authors: YUTAKA SUZUKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Two cases of pulmonary teleangiectasia have been presented. Using lung perfusion scans, two quantitative estimation methods for right-to-left (R–L) shunt ratios have been described. The R–L shunt ratios estimated by lung perfusion imaging correlate well with those derived by the Fick method. The methods described are simple and accurate, and seem to be useful for evaluation and follow-up of the patients.
Inducible NO synthase expression is low in airway epithelium from young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: A Moeller, F Horak, C Lane, D Knight, A Kicic, S Brennan, P Franklin, J Terpolilli, J H Wildhaber, S M Stick
Journal: Thorax (2006)

This is the first study to measure inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression quantitatively in primary epithelial cells from very young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Low levels of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in CF suggest dysregulation of NO production in the airway. Due to the importance of NO in cell homeostasis and innate immunity, any defect in the pathway associated with CF would be a potential target for treatment.Cells were obtained by tracheobronchial brushing from 40 children with CF of mean (SD) age 2.1 (1.5) years and from 12 healthy non-atopic children aged 3.4 (1.2) years. Expression of iNOS mRNA was measured using quantitative PCR and iNOS protein by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.Inducible NOS mRNA expression was significantly lower in CF patients with and without bacterial infection than in healthy children (0.22 and 0.23 v 0.76; p=0.002 and p=0.01, respectively). Low levels of iNOS gene expression were accompanied by low levels of iNOS protein expression as detected by Western blot analysis.These results support the findings of previous studies in adult patients with advanced disease, cell lines, and animal models. Our findings reflect the situation in children with mild lung disease. They indicate that low iNOS expression may be an innate defect in CF with potential consequences for local antimicrobial defence and epithelial cell function and provide evidence for an approach to treatment based on increasing epithelial NO production or the sensitivity of NO dependent cellular processes.
Health in Africa: There is more to the crisis
Authors: Albert M E Coleman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer Assessing HER2/neu status incurs more costs for treatmentEditor-The results of recent trials are likely to continue to fuel the demand for trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, 1 as well as a possible neoadjuvant treatment in the near future.However, Dent and Clemons did not discuss the difficulty in obtaining accurate and reproducible assessment of HER2/neu gene overexpression.Immunohistochemical testing measures HER2/neu protein expression whereas in situ hybridisation measures gene amplification.Patients with equivocal immunohistochemical results require in situ hybridisation to determine definitive status because interobserver variability using immunohistochemical testing is appreciable.At least 20% of patients with positive immunohistochemical results will be truly negative for HER2/neu gene amplification; these patients would not benefit from trastuzumab. 2 These difficulties in assessing HER2/ neu status have been encountered in studies testing trastuzumab, and in situ hybridisation testing has been used as the gold standard. 3 As the clinical utility of trastuzumab widens guidelines on HER2/neu testing must be clear to ensure appropriate use of trastuzumab.Clearly this testing will incur additional costs to trastuzumab treatment.
Three-Dimensional Surface Display with I-123 IMP of Slowly Progressive Apraxia
Authors: BUNGO OKUDA, HISAO TACHIBANA, KEITA KAWABATA, MINORU SUGITA, MINORU FUKUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 72-year-old, right-handed man was experiencing slowly progressive limb apraxia with muscle rigidity for 3 years, which predominated on the right side. The patient's clinical manifestations suggested a degenerative disease involving both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. A brain CT scan revealed no causative lesion. However, a three-dimensional surface display generated from I-123 IMP scans showed regional hypoperfusion primarily in the left central region between the frontal and parietal cortices, which could be responsible for the patient's apraxia. The imaging method appears to be useful for detecting cortical lesions even in neurodegenerative disease.
Vorinostat and bortezomib significantly inhibit WT1 gene expression in MO7-e and P39 cell lines
Authors: S Galimberti, M Canestraro, R Khan, G Buda, E Orciuolo, F Guerrini, R Fazzi, R Maffei, R Marasca, M Petrini
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Technology Assessment and the Fear of Litigation
Authors: Morris Wizenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The July 11 issue ofThe Journalcontained a fascinating article dealing with the reassessment of health care technology.<sup>1</sup>The general conclusion was that we are inadequate in our assessment of the cost and benefits of technology and unduly slow to give up the use of those technologies that appear not to be worthwhile. Surprisingly, the article totally disregarded a major factor in the persistant use of technologies that should largely have been abandoned, and that is the influence of our legal system. Electronic fetal monitoring may well be expensive and useless, but regardless of what the recommendations of physicians may be, until the courts accept a similar position, obstetricians abandon the procedure only at their own peril. Many of the presentations regarding the cost and effectiveness of medical care fail to adequately address the increasing influence of our legal system in the determination of what
Cryptogenic haemoptysis in smokers: angiography and results of embolisation in 35 patients
Authors: L. Menchini, M. Remy-Jardin, J-B. Faivre, M-C. Copin, P. Ramon, R. Matran, V. Deken, A. Duhamel, J. Remy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The aim of the present study was to describe angiographic findings and embolisation results in smokers with haemoptysis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and angiographic findings from 35 patients with smoking-related bronchopulmonary disease and no associated comorbidity, who were referred for embolisation for mild (n = 6), moderate (n = 14) and severe (n = 15) haemoptysis. Spirometric classification subdivided our population into: 16 patients with chronic bronchitis but no airflow limitation; and 19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (stage I: n = 12; stage II: n = 5; stage III: n = 2). Bronchoscopy depicted focal submucosal vascular abnormalities in three patients and only endobronchial inflammation in 32 (91%) patients. Bronchial artery angiography revealed moderate (n = 18) or severe (n = 10) hypervascularisation in 28 (80%) patients, and normal vascularisation in seven (20%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the angiographic findings and the severity of COPD, tobacco consumption or the amount of bleeding. Cessation of bleeding was obtained by embolisation in 29 out of the 34 technically successful procedures (85%), requiring surgery in three out of five patients with recurrence. Follow-up (mean duration 7 yrs) demonstrated no recurrence of bleeding in 32 (94%) out of 34 patients and excluded late endobronchial malignancy. Smokers with various stages of COPD severity may suffer from haemoptysis that is efficiently treatable by endovascular treatment.
PDZ domains: fundamental building blocks in the organization of protein complexes at the plasma membrane
Authors: Alan S. Fanning, James Melvin Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

PDZ domains have recently emerged as central organizers of protein complexes at the plasma membrane. Although new information about PDZ domains appears at a bewildering rate, we will attempt to distill a few general concepts that have emerged about their biology. These include the structural basis for specificity of their binding interactions and ideas about how they organize both small local protein complexes used for signal transduction (transducisomes) and larger two-dimensional complexes like cell junctions and plasma membrane domains.
Practical Guidelines for the Use of Lidocaine
Authors: Donald C. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ALTHOUGH lidocaine hydrochloride was synthesized as a local anesthetic drug in 1943, its antiarrhythmic property was not recognized until the late 1950s, when anesthesiologists used the drug in the operating room for treating ventricular arrhythmias that occurred during the course of open heart surgery.<sup>1</sup>In 1963, a detailed study<sup>2</sup>reported the comparison of lidocaine with procainamide for treating intraoperative and postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study demonstrated that lidocaine was safe, highly effective, and preferable to procainamide for such arrhythmias. With the development of the coronary care unit during the 1960s, lidocaine was found to be an important agent in controlling life-threatening arrhythmias,<sup>3</sup>and in 1967, its use for the treatment of less serious ventricular rhythm disturbances, which frequently herald the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, was proposed.<sup>4</sup>Subsequently, it gained general acceptance in the coronary care unit for both treating and preventing
Abstract A77: Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes promote tumor progression
Authors: Ying Xiong, Dayvia A. Laws, Amanda C. LaRue
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The risk of developing a variety of tumors is increased under the condition of obesity or excess adiposity. Adipose tissue, apart from its critical role as the energy storage depot, contributes to the composition of tumor microenvironment that influences tumor behavior. It has generally been believed that bone marrow cells giving rise to adipocytes are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our previous study based on a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation model has identified a novel source of adipocytes from HSCs via progenitors for monocytes/macrophages. When cultured under adipogenic conditions, bone marrow-derived monocyte progenitors differentiated into adipocytes that are positive for Oil Red O staining, and secrete various adipokines including adiponectin, HGF, IGF-1 and MCP-1. These HSC-derived adipocytes underwent further maturation when embedded in matrigel and injected subcutaneously into syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice. To better understand the role of HSC-derived adipocytes in tumor progression, we tested the proliferative and migratory capacities of murine melanoma cells (B16F1) and breast cancer cells (EO771) under the influence of HSC-derived adipocytes. Conditioned medium from HSC-derived adipocyte culture (Ad-CM) supported cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration for both tumor types. We found IGF-1 plays a more important role in EO771 cell proliferation and HGF is indispensible for B16F1 cell migration, which correlate with the observations that B16F1 and EO771 cells express significantly more cMet and IGF-1R, respectively. When co-injected with B16F1 or EO771 cells into C57Bl/6 mice, HSC-derived adipocytes accelerated both melanoma and breast tumor growth, with HSC-derived adipocytes being more effective for B16F1 tumor growth than EO771 tumor growth. Taken together, we conclude that HSC-derived adipocytes regulate melanoma and breast tumor progression with different mechanisms. The ongoing work is directed to further delineate the function, mechanism and regulation of HSC-derived adipocytes in different tumor microenvironments. Citation Format: Ying Xiong, Dayvia A. Laws, Amanda C. LaRue. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes promote tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A77. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A77
Experimental renal osteodystrophy. The response to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and dicholomethylene diphosphate therapy.
Authors: J E Russell, J D Termine, L V Avioli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Bone mineral and matrix maturation in chronically uremic, nonacidotic rats were investigated after 25-hydroxcholecalciferol (25OHD) and/or dichloromethylene diphosphonate (C12MDP) therapy utilizing bromoform-toluene density gradient fractionation and X-ray diffraction analyses. The bromoform-toluene density gradient analyses demonstrated that the progressive accumulation of less dense, more immature bone characteristic of progressive uremia was reversed by 25OHD and/or C12MDP therapy for a 2-wk period, and that after 4 wk of therapy the maturational profile of bones from chronically uremic animals treated with 250HD and/or C12MDP was comparable to that from nonuremic littermates. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that by the 4th wk of therapy with 25OHD and C12MDP both the degree of crystallinity and the crystal size/perfection parameters in the uremic bones were comparable to those of nonuremic, pair-fed control littermates. Treatment for 4 wk with 25OHD resulted in enlarged and/or more perfect apatite crystallites, while C12MDP alone slightly inhibited crystal growth and/or perfection after 2 wk of treatment. Soft tissue calcification was diminished in uremic animals treated for 4 wk with C12MDP or a combined C2MDP/25OHD regimen, the latter being much more effective in this regard. The accumulated data in this study support the premise that the attendant accelerated bone resorption, soft tissue calcification, and abnormal mineralization and maturation of the skeletal tissue, well documented to characterize experimental ranal insufficiency, may be alleviated with therapeutic dosages of 25OHD and/or C12MDP.
TCT-364 Long-Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions with Retrograde Approach
Authors: Tesfaldet T. Michael, Owen Mogabgab, Mohammed E. Alomar, Kotsia Anna, Eric Fuh, Vishal G. Patel, Bavana Rangan, Shuaib Abdullah, Jerrold Grodin, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Radiologic Diagnosis
Authors: John W. Fenlon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

RADIOLOGIC techniques play an important role in the diagnostic evaluation for carcinoma of the colon. It is essential, therefore, to understand these methods thoroughly. <h3>PLAIN FILM EXAMINATION</h3> Approximately 13% to 25% of patients with carcinoma of the colon are first encountered with partial or complete obstruction of the bowel. Carcinoma of the colon, rectum, and anus is the most common cause of large-bowel obstruction.<sup>1</sup>Plain film examination of the abdomen, with supine and erect views, can provide a strong presumptive diagnosis of carcinoma of the colon when complete obstruction is present. Exploratory laparotomy is commonly performed without further radiologic studies, although a barium enema examination would localize the site of obstruction accurately. <h3>BARIUM ENEMA EXAMINATION</h3> For lesions beyond the reach of the sigmoidoscope, the barium enema examination is often the single source of objective information on which important clinical decisions are based. The common roentgenographic appearances of carcinoma of
Arhgap24 inactivates Rac1 in mouse podocytes, and a mutant form is associated with familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Shreeram Akilesh, Hani Suleiman, Haiyang Yu, M. Christine Stander, Peter Lavin, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Corinne Antignac, Martin Pollak, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Michelle P. Winn, Andrey S. Shaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The specialized epithelial cell of the kidney, the podocyte, has a complex actin-based cytoskeleton. Dynamic regulation of this cytoskeleton is required for efficient barrier function of the kidney. Podocytes are a useful cell type to study the control of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo, because disruption of components of the cytoskeleton results in podocyte damage, cell loss, and a prototypic injury response called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Searching for actin regulatory proteins that are expressed in podocytes, we identified a RhoA-activated Rac1 GTPase-activating protein (Rac1-GAP), Arhgap24, that was upregulated in podocytes as they differentiated, both in vitro and in vivo. Increased levels of active Rac1 and Cdc42 were measured in Arhgap24 knockdown experiments, which influenced podocyte cell shape and membrane dynamics. Consistent with a role for Arhgap24 in normal podocyte functioning in vivo, sequencing of the ARHGAP24 gene in patients with FSGS identified a mutation that impaired its Rac1-GAP activity and was associated with disease in a family with FSGS. Thus, Arhgap24 contributes to the careful balancing of RhoA and Rac1 signaling in podocytes, the disruption of which may lead to kidney disease.
Case 17-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Dennis A. Ausiello, Dobri Kiprov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 29-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure.There was an eight-year history of manic-depressive illness, with repeated admissions to other hospitals. For seven years he had received lithium carbonate, with blood levels that averaged 1.5 mmol per liter. Eleven months before entry evaluation elsewhere showed that the creatinine was 2 mg per 100 ml (176.8 μmol per liter). An intravenous pyelographic examination was negative. During the month before admission the patient became increasingly psychotic, with marked grandiosity, ideas of reference, sleep disturbance, anorexia, and a loss of 9 kg in weight.Three . . .
Localization of recombination activating gene 1/green fluorescent protein (RAG1/GFP) expression in secondary lymphoid organs after immunization with T-dependent antigens in rag1/gfpknockin mice
Authors: Hideya Igarashi, Naomi Kuwata, Kumiko Kiyota, Kiminobu Sumita, Toshio Suda, Shiro Ono, Steven R. Bauer, Nobuo Sakaguchi
Journal: Blood (2001)
TCT-292 Evaluation of Neointimal Healing and Late luminal Loss of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Capturing Sirolimus-Eluting (COMBO) Stent by Optical Coherence Tomography: the EGO-COMBO Study
Authors: Stephen Wai Luen LEE, Simon C.C. LAM, Kelvin K.W. CHAN, Frankie C.C. TAM, Michael K.L. WONG, Anthony Y.T. WONG, Arthur S.Y. YUNG, Shun Ling KONG, Raymond H.W. CHAN, Roxana Mehran, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)