tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracorporeal Laparoscopic Resections for Colorectal Cancer: Report of Cases of Abdominoperineal Rectal Excision and Right Hemicolectomy with 2 Year Follow-up
Authors: A M Roe, R Harper, W K Eltringham, H J Espiner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Techniques for total intracorporeal laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of rectum and right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer are described in two patients with 2-year follow-up. Potential advantages over laparoscopically assisted procedures may be offset by increased operating time and expense for right hemicolectomy but the laparoscopic approach seems well suited to abdominoperineal rectal excision. The use of a secure retrieval system is advocated for specimen removal after right hemicolectomy.
Pathology of Human-Mouse Somatic Cell Hybrid Tumors 2
Authors: David P. Aden, Paul Putong, Yuzo Iwasaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Somatic cell hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and simian virus 40-transformed human cells injected sc into nude mice resulted in a formation of tumors with two distinct growth rates and growth patterns: 1) rapid growing, irregularly circumscribed, with necrotic foci and prominent vascular channels lined by tumor cells and 2) slow growing, small, well-circumscribed, and nonvascular. Individual tumor cells were ultrastructurally classified as undifferentiated mesenchymal cells indistinguishable within these two tumor types. Characteristics of each tumor type were retained during subsequent passages in nude mice.
Plasma homocysteine is associated with low diffusion capacity (DLCO) in COPD patients
Authors: Fernando Gomez, Dolores Guerrero, Luis Bernacer, Joaquin Gomez, Iñaki Llopart, Daniel Bachiller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cardiovascular events, however, its underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHCY) levels is considered to be a cardiovascular risk factor. Several studies show that COPD may be associated with high tHCY.  Objective:  To identify possible clinical variables associated with high tHCY in COPD patients.  Methods:  We performed an observational study of 88 consecutive smokers or ex-smokers older than fifty years and with more than 10 pack-years smoking history. We used Mann Whitney test to compare COPD with controls. Step wais logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between tHCY and different clinical, analytical and physiological variables in COPD patients.  Results:  Of the subjects evaluated, 62 had COPD (70,5%) and 26 (29,5%) did not, and served as controls. COPD patients had higher tHCY than controls: median (±SD) 14.2 ± 6.5 vs 11.7 ± 4.5 μmol/L; p 0.025). In COPD patients, using tHCY >14 μmol/L as an independent variable, logistic regression analysis including age, gender, smoking history, creatinine clearance, FEV1, DLCO and daily alcohol intake, only lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was inversely associated [Odds Ratio (95% confidence intervals) 0.947 (0.904 – 0.992); p 0.023].  Conclusions:COPD patients had higher tHCY than controls and they were associated with a lower DLCO. Therefore, we conclude that COPD patients with low DLCO may have a higher risk of cardiovascular events; however, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Phase I trial of the somatostatin analog octreotide acetate in the treatment of fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea.
Authors: S Wadler, H Haynes, P H Wiernik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Diarrhea is one of the dose-limiting toxicities for administration of fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and can result in severe morbidities or mortality. The somatostatin analog octreotide acetate has been used in the treatment of 5FU-induced diarrhea with promising results. A phase I trial was initiated to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of octreotide acetate that could be administered in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were required to have National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria &gt; or = grade 2 diarrhea or watery diarrhea secondary to treatment with 5FU or a modulated 5FU regimen. At least three patients were treated at each dose level; after satisfactory completion of this dose level (zero of three or one of six patients with &lt; or = grade 2 toxicity), additional patients were added at the next dose level. Doses of octreotide acetate studied were 50 to 2,500 micrograms subcutaneously three times daily for 5 days. RESULTS A total of 35 patients received 49 courses of therapy. The only significant toxicities occurred at 2,500 micrograms. At this dose level, one patient developed an allergic reaction with flushing, nausea, and dizziness after each of the first two injections. A second patient developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia with a serum glucose level of 26 mg/dL. The maximum-tolerated dose was 2,000 micrograms. The efficacy of the treatment correlated significantly (P = .01) with the dose of octreotide administered, and more patients completed the course of therapy at the higher doses. CONCLUSION Octreotide acetate can be safely administered for the treatment of fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. The dose-limiting toxicities were allergic (nausea, rash, and light-headedness) and endocrine (hypoglycemia). There was a significant correlation between complete response to therapy and octreotide dose.
Long-Term Propagation of a Murine Leukemia Virus in an Established Cell Line
Authors: Robert A. Manaker, Erling M. Jensen, Wolodymyr Korol
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Cells derived from the spleens of suckling strain BALB/cAnN mice were established in long-term culture. The cells retained their susceptibility to infection by the Moloney leukemia virus. Cultures exposed to cell-free preparations of virus after 7.5 and 14 months of cultivation did not appear to be as sensitive to infection as were primary spleen cell cultures, since a comparatively longer period of incubation after exposure to virus was required before samples of culture fluids were leukemogenic for mice. The infected cells (MT-77) continuously released virus during 4 years of observation. No overt cytopathic changes were noted. The MT-77 line of cells, which could be propagated in suspension in 8-liter fermentors, provided large quantities of virus-containing fluids. When 8 × 105 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into baby mice, tumors developed at the site of implantation. No conclusions may be drawn concerning the role of the virus in the neoplastic change.
Biologic Variables in the Outcome of Stages I and II Neuroblastoma Treated With Surgery as Primary Therapy: A Children’s Cancer Group Study
Authors: Carlos A. Perez, Katherine K. Matthay, James B. Atkinson, Robert C. Seeger, Hiroyuki Shimada, Gerald M. Haase, Daniel O. Stram, Robert B. Gerbing, John N. Lukens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine prospectively whether surgery alone is sufficient therapy for Evans stages I and II neuroblastoma and to define biologic and clinical features having prognostic potential for this group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 1989 and August 1995, 374 eligible children (age range, 0 to 18 years) with newly diagnosed stage I (n = 141) and stage II (n = 233) neuroblastoma were registered onto Children’s Cancer Group trial 3881. Surgical resection was the only primary therapy except in cases with spinal cord compression, where radiation therapy was allowed. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by life-table methods according to clinical and biologic features. RESULTS: EFS and OS (mean ± SE) for all stage I patients were 93% ± 3.0% and 99% ± 1.0%, respectively, compared with 81% ± 4.0% and 98% ± 2.0%, respectively, for stage II patients. The significantly higher recurrence rate among stage II patients was managed successfully in 38 of 43 children with either surgery or multimodality treatment. There was one death among stage I patients and six among stage II. For stage II patients tumor MYCN gene amplication, unfavorable histopathology, an age greater than 2 years, and positive lymph nodes predicted a lower OS (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION: Children with stages I and II neuroblastoma have 98% survival with surgery alone as primary therapy. Supplemental treatment was necessary in only 10% of stage I patients and 20% of stage II patients. In children with localized neuroblastoma, a subset of patients that are at higher risk for death can be defined as those with stage II disease who have tumor MYCN amplification or who are ≥ 2 years of age with either unfavorable histopathology or positive lymph nodes.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated With Prednisone Alone or Mitoxantrone and Prednisone
Authors: David Osoba, Ian F. Tannock, D. Scott Ernst, Alan J. Neville
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: A combination of mitoxantrone plus prednisone is preferable to prednisone alone for reduction of pain in men with metastatic, hormone-resistant, prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of these treatments on health-related quality of life (HQL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Men with metastatic prostate cancer (n = 161) were randomized to receive either daily prednisone alone or mitoxantrone (every 3 weeks) plus prednisone. Those who received prednisone alone could have mitoxantrone added after 6 weeks if there was no improvement in pain. HQL was assessed before treatment initiation and then every 3 weeks using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Quality of Life Module–Prostate 14 (QOLM-P14), a trial-specific module developed for this study. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to determine the mean duration of HQL improvement and differences in improvement duration between groups of patients. RESULTS: At 6 weeks, both groups showed improvement in several HQL domains, and only physicalfunctioning and pain were better in the mitoxantrone-plus-prednisone group than in the prednisone-alone group. After 6 weeks, patients taking prednisone showed no improvement in HQL scores, whereas those taking mitoxantrone plus prednisone showed significant improvements in global quality of life (P = .009), four functioning domains, and nine symptoms (.001 &lt; P &lt; .01), and the improvement (&gt; 10 units on a scale of 0 to100) lasted longer than in the prednisone-alone group (.004 &lt; P &lt; .05). The addition of mitoxantrone to prednisone after failure of prednisone alone was associated with improvements in pain, pain impact, pain relief, insomnia, and global quality of life (.001 &lt; P &lt; .003). CONCLUSION: Treatment with mitoxantrone plus prednisone was associated with greater and longer-lasting improvement in several HQL domains and symptoms than treatment with prednisone alone.
Chronic Runt Disease in Rats: Clinical and Pathologic Studies
Authors: Tohru Abe, Sachu Shimada, Rokuro Osako
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Chronic Runt Disease in Rats: Clinical and Pathologic Studies Get access Tohru Abe, M.D., Tohru Abe, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sachu Shimada, M.D., Sachu Shimada, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rokuro Osako, M.D. Rokuro Osako, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 2, August 1969, Pages 459–467, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.2.459 Published: 01 August 1969 Article history Received: 14 March 1969 Accepted: 16 May 1969 Published: 01 August 1969
High-flux dialysis membranes improve lipid profile in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Authors: P J Blankestijn, P F Vos, T J Rabelink, H J van Rijn, H Jansen, H A Koomans
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

In a controlled prospective trial, the effect of a switch from cellulose-based, low-flux dialysis membranes to polysulphone, high-flux membranes on lipid parameters was evaluated. Baseline values of lipid parameters were identical in the study group and the control group in which the dialysis membrane remained unchanged. After 6 wk, total triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride, and VLDL cholesterol decreased, respectively, 28 +/- 17 (P < 0.01), 38 +/- 17 (P < 0.01), and 24 +/- 21% (P < 0.05), and the proportion of total cholesterol that was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased from 15 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 5% (P < 0.05) in the high-flux polysulphone group, whereas these variables remained unchanged in the control group. Low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol as well as Kt/V, protein catabolic rate, parathyroid hormone, albumin, and body weight did not change. No change in lipoprotein lipase activity was found. In a second study, the effects of a single hemodialysis session with high-flux polysulphone and low-flux, cellulose-based membranes on lipid parameters and lipolytic activity were compared in a cross-over fashion. Treatment with both membranes resulted in a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride, VLDL triglyceride, and VLDL cholesterol. Lipoprotein lipase activity increased during hemodialysis. Changes in lipid parameters and lipolytic activity were identical during the two treatments.
Scalp hypothermia: a comparison of ice packs and the Kold Kap in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia.
Authors: J C Dean, K S Griffith, T C Cetas, C L Mackel, S E Jones, S E Salmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Two methods of scalp hypothermia were compared in preventing alopecia, a side effect of doxorubicin chemotherapy that has a significant psychologic impact on the patient. Thirty-three patients received scalp ice packs consisting of crushed ice in plastic bags. Twenty-nine patients received Kold Kap, a device that produces chilling via an endothermic reaction. Scalp hypothermia was applied for 5-10 min before the doxorubicin bolus and left in place for 30-40 min afterward. The percent of hair loss was rated at each visit and photographs were used to further quantitate any hair loss. Sixty-three percent of Kold Kap and 56% of ice pack patients had good or better protection and did not require wigs. Excellent protection (less than 25% loss) was provided for 51% of Kold Kap and 33% of ice pack patients. Similar protection was provided to Kold Kap patients regardless of dose, while ice pack patients received significantly better protection if their doxorubicin doses were less than 50 mg. Scalp hypothermia is an effective method of preventing doxorubicin-induced alopecia.
Pulse rate and pulse rate variability help to identify children with obstructive sleep apnea needing adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Nicola Ullmann, Martino Pavone, Elisabetta Verrillo, Antonio Di Marco, Vincenzo Fierimonte, Maria Cecilia Graziani, Serena Soldini, Renato Cutrera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Indroduction : nocturnal pulse oximetry has a high positive predictive value for polysomnographically-diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) in children. When significant adenotonsillar hypertrophy is present, adenotonsillectomy(T&A) represents a common treatment for OSA in children. After T&A a reduction of pulse rate(PR) and pulse rate variability(PRV) is expected.

Objective: We hypothesised that PR and PRV could help to predict those patients, referred for suspected OSA, who need surgical treatment.

Methods : at-home nocturnal pulse oximetry recording was performed on 251 children(162 males), aged 4.5 yrs ± 2.5(mean ± SD), referred consecutively from February 2009 and November 2012 for suspected OSA and data were retrospectively analysed. Patients with significant comorbidities were excluded. For each analysis McGill Oximetry Score(MOS) was also categorized.

Results : mean and maximum PR and PR variability were progressively higher as MOS increased. Moreover all PR values(lowest, mean, maximum, and PRV) were significantly higher in subjects who underwent T&A compared with those not surgically treated(p<0.01). Interestingly a negative correlation was found between PRV and the time spent between pulse oximetry recordings and T&A(p=0.03, rho spearman=-0.30). Children with a PRV ≥10 were significantly more likely to undergo a surgical treatment indication(Positive likelihood ratio=4.1). Importantly when both MOS and PRV were used, NPO could better predict those patients who underwent T&A.

Conclusions : our data suggest that in children with OSA, PR and PRV, as measured by nocturnal pulse oximetry, complement MOS system as a useful parameter to guide clinical decisions.
The influence of posture on airway structure and function in healthy subjects
Authors: Glenn Leemans, Kris Ides, Cedric Van Holsbeke, Dirk Vissers, Wim Vos, Wilfried De Backer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: Lateral posture (LP) has e a positive effect on airway clearance in the depended lung, but the exact principle behind this is not well understood. One of the underlying hypotheses is that LP causes higher local airflow velocity during tidal breathing, resulting in sufficient shearing forces to move mucus.

Aim: To confirm this hypothesis by investigating the changes in local airway dimensions, regional airflow distribution and velocities between supine (SP) and right lateral decubitus (RLP) position.

Methods: 4 healthy male subjects (26[21-33]years old) underwent CT scans (spirometry controlled) in SP and RLP at expiration (FRC) and inspiration (TLC). Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) was used to evaluate changes in airway structure and function. Airway functionality was assessed at a simulated inspiratory flow rate of 25L/min.

![Figure][1] 



Results: In SP a homogeneous airflow distribution between both lungs was observed (R/L=52/48). Switching to RLP caused an increased ventilation towards the right lung (R/L=63/37, p<0.0001). This was combined with a decreased airway diameter (Δ=-4.8%, p=0.0002) and increased velocity (Δ=+21.3%, p=0.02) in the depended lung.

Conclusion: FRI demonstrated increased ventilation, higher airflow velocity and decreased airway dimensions in the depended lung in RLP. These preliminary results in healthy subjects confirm that posture changes affect local airflow velocity.

 [1]: pending:yes
Walking guide for COPD patients: A promoter of physical activity?
Authors: María Hernandez Bonaga, Fabricio Zambom, Jose Antonio Cascante Rodrigo, Javier Hueto, Milagros Antón, Pilar Cebollero Rivas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

INTRODUCTION  Reduced funcional capacity has been associated with lower level of physical activity in COPD patients.  OBJETIVES  To examine the effects of the use a Walking guide (WG) designed for COPD patients, as an unsupervised physical activity program, on pulmonary functional capacity, and quality of life related to health compared with standard care.  METHODS  25 men, moderate-severe COPD, dyspnea grade 2 (MMRC), randomized to 2 groups. Group WG (n=13): physical activity performed following the WG and group Control (n=12): standard recommended care.  Assessment was performed at baseline and 1 year after: spirometry, 6MWT, BODE, CAT, Baecke questionnaire, antropometric data and physical activity with a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph GTX-3).  RESULTS  The average age was 69.9 years. No baseline differences were found(values as median and interquartile range): FVC 79.1 (68-87), FEV1 54.1 (40-62), FEV1/FVC 46.5 (36-55), T6MM 494 (428-512), CAT 13 (7.5-15), steps/day 8113 (5586-12705). After intervention, there were differences in quality of life by using CAT score (p=0.0012), standing position (p=0.01), longer activity with moderate intensity (p=0.052) and minor amount of folds (p=0.01).  Comparing two groups, there were differences in spirometry values in WG group FEV1% (p=0.02), FEV1/FVC (p=0.03) and longer stand position (p=0.02) in the control group.  Baecke not improved (p=0.6), neither %fat (p=0.5), contrary to the results at 3 months (p=.005 y 0.03) respectively.  CONCLUSIONS  -One year later, there were improvements in CAT, physical activity and amount of folds in both groups.  -WG group improves spirometry values  -Our patients may have become less activity (Baecke) as in % fat 3 month later. Longer follow-up is neccesary.
Mode of influence of pulmonary rehabilitation to lung function changes after the lung resection for primary lung cancer
Authors: Natasa Mujovic, Dragan Subotic, Nebojsa Mujovic, Maja Ercegovac, Vladimir Zugic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives: the influence of physiotherapy to the outcome of the lung resection is still controversial. The aim of the study was to assess a contribution of physiotherapy to postoperative lung function and effort tolerance in COPD patients undergoing a lung cancer surgery. Methods: prospective, observational, longitudinal, single-group designed study on 56 consecutive COPD patients who underwent lung resection surgery for primary non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Comparison of the lung function, effort tolerance and symptoms before and after preoperative physiotherapy. Values of the same parameters after physiotherapy were compared with those measured after resection. Results: In patients with tumours requiring a lobectomy, after preoperative hysiotherapy, a highly significant increase for FEV1, VC, FEF50 and FEF25 of 20%, 17,%, 18% and 16% respectively was registered in relation to baseline values. After physiotherapy, a significant improvement in 6-min walking distance was achieved. After both types of resection, the significant loss of FEV1 and VC occurred, together with significant worsening of the small airways function, of the effort tolerance and symptomatic status. After the lung resection, a clear tendency existed towards smaller FEV1 loss in patients with moderate to severe, when compared with patients with mild lung function impairment. A better FEV1 improvement was associated with more significant loss in FEV1. Conclusion: physiotherapy represents an important part of preoperative and postoperative treatment in COPD patients undergoing a lung resection for lung cancer.