tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Giardiasis associated with Recurrent Rectal Haemorrhages
Authors: G. R. Hemming
Journal: BMJ (1945)

MEDICAL URNAL185attacks of diarrhoea for some weeks, and three reported alter- nating constipation and diarrhoea.In only one case was there a history of bacillary dysentery.Treatment All cases were given a five-day course of mepacrine 0.1 g. t.d.s.The stools were examined on three successive days after completion of treatment, and on all but two G. lambfla had disappeared.After a second course both were found to be clear.All cases were given a generous diet as soon as the diagnosis was established, and symptoms disappeared by the third day of treatment.The duration of stay in hospital was 14 days; limits, 9 to 41.The 41-day case was that of the officer mentioned previously.He had lost a great deal of weight and required building up.One other case, which had furunculosis as well as giardiasis, was in hospital for 31 days.Owing to the rapidly changing personnel of the station it was possible to follow up only two cases.One had recurrence of diarrhoea after nine months, but on this occasion the cause was bacillary dysentery, and no G. lamblia was found.The second had had recurrent diarrhoea for some months, but' has been free for three months since his treatment.Comment With the exception of two cases all were admitted to hospital when the fly season was at its height.In 1944 seven cases came from one camp and seven from another.A large number of flies from the traps were examined, but no G. lamblia cysts or flagellate forms were detected.It will also be noted that the description of the stools differs somewhat from that of Manson-Bahr (1943), except in two cases with long histories.It is possible that in the Army one gets the cases into hospital at an earlier stage than in civil practice, and this may explain the difference. SummaryTwenty-one cases of diarrhoea believed to be due to infestation with G. lamblia are described.The percentage in relation to other diarrhoeal diseases is stated.Symptoms, physical signs, and treat- ment are discussed.Two cases have been followed up for a short period.
Video Textbook of Neurology for the Practicing Physician
Authors: Donna C. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ABSTRACT The Video Textbook of Neurology for the Practicing Physician is a set of ten 1-hour videotapes, three of which (on seizures, dizziness, and headache) were provided for review. (The others present functional neuroanatomy, the neurologic examination, coma, peripheral neurology, movement disorders, stroke, and progressive neurological disorders.) The series offers basic diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to common neurological problems for the general physician. The videos are simply taped recordings of lectures, without the advantages or the annoyances of slides or other visual aids.The attractive aspects of education by video are here: an articulate, personable lecturer and a good number of clinical pearls derived from years of intelligent medical practice, served up for immediate incorporation into the listener's clinical work. The less attractive aspects are also obvious: implacable pacing (no skipping forward or backward as in a book, no easy retrieval of an item you want to find later) and distracting
Erlotinib might be a double‐edged sword in HCC
Authors: Jin‐Zhong Dong, Li‐Ping Wang, Sai‐Nan Zhang, Zhuo‐Lin Zou, Ming‐Qin Lu
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: In a recent issue of Hepatology, Fuchs et al.1 reported that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib could effectively prevent the progression of cirrhosis and regress fibrosis in animals. They also found that erlotinib reduced EGFR phosphorylation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the total number of activated HSC in vitro. Erlotinib decreased hepatocyte proliferation and liver injury, thus making erlotinib therapy a promising therapeutic approach for reduction of fibrogenesis and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high‐risk cirrhosis patients. However, we are concerned about several experiments in this article. First, Sieghart et al.2 found that erlotinib had no antitumor effect on HCC in vivo and in vitro; they also suggested that there might be a resistance mechanism to erlotinib monotherapy. Moreover, studies showed that erlotinib is not effective in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC)‐patients with EGFR mutations.3 Hence, in theory, HCC animals with EGFR mutations might be resistant to the therapeutic effect of erlotinib. Do the authors have any data concerning the effect of erlotinib in the treatment of HCC animals or cells with EGFR mutations? Second, erlotinib may lead to fatal complications. For instance, erlotinib may induce lung fibrosis,4 ARDS, or respiratory failure,5 acute hepatitis, and even acute hepatic failure.6 Thus, what is known about the safety of long‐term administration of erlotinib in the treatment of animals with fibrogenesis or HCC?
Detection of Hypocalcemia in Susceptible Neonates
Authors: Richard B. Colletti, Mary W. Pan, Edward W. P. Smith, Myron Genel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The reliability of electrocardiographic detection of neonatal hypocalcemia was assessed in 36 full-term and 44 premature infants. The corrected Q-T interval (Q-Tc) correlated with total (r = -0.34, p<0.05) and ionized calcium (r = -0.51, p<0.01) in full-term but not in premature infants. In contrast, the corrected Q-oT interval (Q-oTc) improved the correlation with the total (r = -0.60, p<0.01) and ionized calcium (r = -0.66, p<0.001) in full-term infants, and also correlated with total (r = -0.49, p<0.01) and ionized calcium (r = -0.59, p<0.001) in premature infants. Ionized calcium was low in 70 per cent of cases when the Q-oTc interval was prolonged, and in only 2 per cent when the Q-oTc interval was normal. Hypocalcemia developed in 20 of 33 neonates with asphyxia, shock, acidosis, respiratory distress or maternal diabetes, but not in 47 infants without these complications, regardless of the gestational age. The Q-oTc interval permits rapid reliable screening for hypocalcemia in these high-risk neonates. (N Engl J Med 290:931–935, 1974)
Combined deletion of Fxr and Shp in mice induces Cyp17a1 and results in juvenile onset cholestasis
Authors: Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, Mitsuhiro Watanabe, Scott A. Ochsner, Neil J. McKenna, Milton J. Finegold, David D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Bile acid homeostasis is tightly regulated via a feedback loop operated by the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). Contrary to current models, which place FXR upstream of SHP in a linear regulatory pathway, here we show that the phenotypic consequences in mice of the combined loss of both receptors are much more severe than the relatively modest impact of the loss of either Fxr or Shp alone. Fxr-/-Shp-/- mice exhibited cholestasis and liver injury as early as 3 weeks of age, and this was linked to the dysregulation of bile acid homeostatic genes, particularly cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp7a1). In addition, double-knockout mice showed misregulation of genes in the C21 steroid biosynthesis pathway, with strong induction of cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp17a1), resulting in elevated serum levels of its enzymatic product 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Treatment of WT mice with 17-OHP was sufficient to induce liver injury that reproduced many of the histopathological features observed in the double-knockout mice. Therefore, our data indicate a pathologic role for increased production of 17-hydroxy steroid metabolites in liver injury and suggest that Fxr-/-Shp-/- mice could provide a model for juvenile onset cholestasis.
Death rates in Russia rise dramatically
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Russia has seen a huge rise in death rates since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The biggest rise has been among deaths related to alcohol and as a result of accidents and violence.

Between 1984 and 1987 life expectancy at birth increased from 61.7 to 64.9 years in men and from 73.0 to 74.3 years in women. But between 1987 and 1994 life expectancy fell to just 57.6 years in men and 71 years in women.

Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Centre of Demography and Human Ecology in Moscow found that except for neoplasms all major causes of death declined between 1984 and 1987 and increased between 1987 and 1994 …
STUDIES OF ANTIRICKETIC ACTIVITY IN SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF CALCIUM METABOLISM AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE MODE OF TRANSPORT OF VITAMIN D IN HUMAN SERUM*
Authors: William C. Thomas, H. Gemmell Morgan, Thomas B. Connor, Lillian Haddock, Charles E. Bills, John E. Howard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Proof of the curative action of vitamin D for rickets was established by the studies of many investigators (1, 2).It is now known that thera- peutic doses of this vitamin bring about increased calcium absorption from the intestinal tract (3), while massive doses induce hypercalcemia (4) and, experimentally at least, a combination of skeletal resorption and vigorous bone-matrix formation (5-7).Also, in the hypoparathyroid individual, administration of vitamin D results in an increased excretion of phosphorus and usually of calcium (8, 9).Knowledge of the biochemical or enzymatic means by which vitamin D induces the foregoing effects would greatly enhance our understanding of mineral and bone metabolism.An approach to the study of this problem was afforded by the re- ports of Warkany and his co-workers (10-12) on bioassays of vitamin D in sera of animals and humans.Vitamin D in aqueous solution, how- ever, is known to be readily oxidized and thereby rendered inactive (13).This suggests that the vitamin, as it exists in serum, is in some manner protected and may not be in a free or unaltered state.Therefore, in our initial studies on vitamin
(12) Psorasis with arthropathy, treated with methotrexate for 9 years
Authors: R. Clayton, M. Feiwel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article (12) Psorasis with arthropathy, treated with methotrexate for 9 years Get access R. Clayton, R. Clayton St Mary's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Feiwel M. Feiwel St Mary's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12515.x Published: 01 July 1974
IRRADIATION AND STERILITY
Authors: R. R. Newell
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Sept. 20, 1952, page 207, Dr. I. C. Rubin reports the case of a woman who was given about 80 r to the ovaries and soon after became pregnant. Her child, grown to manhood, has now fathered a normal baby. Rubin argues at length to refute a widespread belief that irradiation of ovaries threatens the health of the race. He is impressed by differences in size and in the life cycle between man and the experimental animal that has yielded the largest volume of genetic evidence in regard to hereditary injuries (Drosophila). He reveals in this a failure to understand the evidence and the arguments on which our apprehensions are based. In insects, spontaneous mutations occur, and these are inherited. Some are recessive, i. e., do not show unless mated to a similar defect. The mutation rate is increased by irradiation, more by large
Impact of NICE guidance on laparoscopic surgery for inguinal hernias: analysis of interrupted time series
Authors: K. Bloor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

After the introduction of Bassini's procedure in the late 19th century, methods of repairing hernias changed little until the 1990s, when synthetic mesh and laparoscopic methods arrived. 1 In contrast to the open mesh technique, laparoscopic surgery remains uncommon.In January 2001, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued guidance that stated, "For repair of primary inguinal hernia, open [mesh] should be the preferred surgical procedure." 2 We describe patterns of surgical repair of inguinal hernias and assess the impact of NICE's guidance.
Overexpression of endothelial NO synthase induces angiogenesis in a co-culture model
Authors: S Babaei
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Angiogenesis is a complex multistep process that involves endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation and differentiation into vascular tubes. NO has been reported to be a downstream mediator in the angiogenic response to a variety of growth factors, but the mechanisms by which NO promotes neovessel formation is not clear. We hypothesized that NO directly contributes to EC migration and capillary tube formation. Methods: Since previous studies have noted important biological differences between NO produced pharmacologically by NO-donor compounds compared to that from NO synthase (NOS), we used a cell-based gene transfer approach to increase NO production in a co-culture model of in vitro angiogenesis. Rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were transfected with plasmids containing VEGF121, VEGF165 (SMCVEGF), endothelial NOS (SMCeNOS) or the empty vector (SMCCont). Expression of the eNOS in SMCeNOS was confirmed by Northern analysis, NADPH-diaphorase activity, and nitrite/nitrate levels, whereas VEGF production was confirmed using ELISA. Calf pulmonary artery ECs (CPAECs) were cultured on the fibrin matrix with (co-culture) or without underlying SMCs (monoculture). Results: Co-culture of ECs with SMCCont had no effect on EC differentiation compared with EC in monoculture (differentiation index, DI=2.8±3.4 vs. 2.1±2.8, respectively, NS). In contrast, co-culture with SMCeNOS resulted in the formation of extensive capillary-like structures within 48 h (DI=17.2±5.9, P<0.001 versus SMCCont), which was significantly inhibited using a NOS inhibitor, l-NAME (3 mM) (DI=4.5±3.04, P<0.001 versus SMCeNOS). Similarly, SMCVEGF121 induced an angiogenic response (DI=14.2±3.8), which was also significantly inhibited by l-NAME (DI=5.9±1.8, P<0.05). In using the Boyden chamber model, SMCeNOS, but not SMCCont increased EC migration to a similar extent as SMCVEGF121, and both were significantly inhibited with l-NAME. Conclusions: These data support an important paracrine role for endogenously produced NO in EC migration and differentiation in vitro, and suggest that the cell-based eNOS gene transfer may be a useful approach to increase new blood vessel formation in vivo.
Calculation Errors in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stephen N. Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 January 1993Calculation Errors in Meta-AnalysisStephen N. Goodman, MD, PhD, MHSStephen N. Goodman, MD, PhD, MHSAssociate Editor; Annals of Internal Medicine Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-1-199301010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Messori and colleagues are correct that, as editors, we must be wary of results from nonvalidated, home-grown statistical programs. However, the possibility of calculation errors is not the only reason for this caution. Ironically, the authors of the letter may have provided an excellent example of the other reason.Hommes and associates did not indicate what kind of software they used. This may have been an editorial oversight, since we usually ask that all software be cited or its source described. However, their published results are confirmed exactly by a reanalysis using two commercial programs (Egret [1] for ...References1. Egret. Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corp., Seattle, Washington. Google Scholar2. Statxact. Cytel Software Corp., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Google Scholar3. Hauck WW. The large sample variance of the Mantel-Haenszel estimator of the common odds ratio. Biometrics. 1979; 35:817-9. Google Scholar4. Robins J, Breslow N, Greenland S. Estimators of the Mantel-Haenszel variance consistent in both sparse data and large-strata limiting models. Biometrics. 1986; 42:311-23. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Associate Editor; Annals of Internal Medicine PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 1Page: 77-78KeywordsForecastingOdds ratioPersonal computersRegression analysis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Jacque Gai Mar
Authors: P. Mar
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Jacque Gai Mar was born the youngest of four sons in Cumberland Chinatown on Vancouver Island, where his father was a Presbyterian minister. In 1917 the family transferred to Winnipeg so that the older boys could further their education. There was little discrimination against Asians in Manitoba, and the sons graduated from high school and entered Manitoba University, attaining high marks in science, engineering, and medicine from 1922 onwards. When Jacque graduated in …
Aerosolized recombinant human DNase in hospitalized cystic fibrosis patients with acute pulmonary exacerbations.
Authors: R W Wilmott, R S Amin, A A Colin, A DeVault, A J Dozor, H Eigen, C Johnson, L A Lester, K McCoy, L P McKean, R Moss, M L Nash, C P Jue, W Regelmann, D C Stokes, H J Fuchs
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) in hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experiencing acute pulmonary exacerbations. Eighty patients with documented CF were enrolled at 11 CF centers when admitted for antibiotic therapy. Patients were at least 5 yr old with a forced vital capacity (FVC) > or = 35% of predicted and an oxygen saturation > or = 90% on a fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) < 0.5. Patients were randomized to receive rhDNase 2.5 mg in 2.5 ml excipient twice a day (n = 43) or 2.5 ml excipient alone twice daily (n = 37) along with conventional treatment for exacerbations. Administration of rhDNase was not associated with acute adverse events or deaths, and no patients experienced allergic or anaphylactic reactions. Although forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FVC improved in both treatment groups during the double-blind period, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean change from baseline in FEV1 or FVC between the two groups. rhDNase therapy is safe and well tolerated in CF patients with acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization, but the study did not demonstrate a statistically significant therapeutic effect of rhDNase when added to a regimen of antibiotics and chest physical therapy.
EPIDERMAL "TURNOVER TIME"—A RE-EXAMINATION
Authors: KENNETH M. HALPRIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

SUMMARY.— The literature on the turnover or renewal time of normal and psoriatic epidermis is critically reviewed. It is concluded that the time taken by a cell to travel to the surface, once it has been formed, is probably 40‐56 days in normal skin, and 6‐8 days in psoriatic skin.
Another good year ('79-80) for epidemiology
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

As the 1950s got under way, relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were in a deep freeze. Americans were worried about the possibility of Russia resorting to biological warfare. Partly as a response to these concerns, the federal Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was created. As the 1980s get under way, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics again are at a standoff. Americans are worried about unconfirmed reports of both<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>escaping from a Soviet biological warfare research center in Sverdlovsk and of Russian use of chemical weapons in Afghanistan. Thus, US-USSR relations and fears seem unchanged, but the same cannot be said of EIS activities. The following summaries, focusing on a few of the more than 150 reports on epidemiologic investigations submitted to the recent EIS annual conference held at the federal Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, illustrate how varied the
α <sub>4</sub> β <sub>1</sub> Integrin Activation of L-Type Calcium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle Causes Arteriole Vasoconstriction
Authors: Kelli R. Waitkus-Edwards, Luis A. Martinez-Lemus, Xin Wu, Jerome P. Trzeciakowski, Michael J. Davis, George E. Davis, Gerald A. Meininger
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

A pathway for the regulation of vascular tone appears to involve coupling between integrins and extracellular matrix proteins or their fragments and the subsequent modulation of ion movement across the smooth muscle cell membrane. Here, we report that the activation of L-type voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels occurs through a novel interaction of α 4 β 1 integrin with peptides containing the Leu-Asp-Val (LDV) integrin–binding sequence, which is found in the CS-1 region of an alternately spliced fibronectin variant. Experiments were conducted on arterioles isolated from rat skeletal muscle. Arterioles exhibited sustained concentration-dependent vasoconstriction to LDV peptides but not to Leu-Glu-Val (LEV) control peptides. The constriction was associated with increased smooth muscle cell [Ca 2+ ] i , as measured by using fura 2. The response could be inhibited with a function-blocking anti–α 4 integrin antibody. Removal of the endothelium did not alter the vasoconstrictor response. Further experiments demonstrated that the vasoconstriction was abolished by the L-type Ca 2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine and the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. In studies of isolated smooth muscle cells using whole-cell patch-clamp methods, the L-type current was enhanced by the LDV but not LEV peptide and was blocked by PP2 or antibodies to α 4 integrin. Collectively, these data indicate that activation of α 4 β 1 integrin leads to enhanced influx of Ca 2+ through L-type channels by activating a tyrosine kinase pathway, leading to vasoconstriction. Involvement of integrins in the modulation of vascular tone may be particularly important in vascular responses to mechanical signals, such as pressure and flow, and to tissue injury after damage to the extracellular matrix.