tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protein Intake and Plasma Amino-acids of Infants of Low Birth Weight
Authors: H. B. Valman, R. J. K. Brown, T. Palmer, V. G. Oberholzer, B. Levin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The plasma amino-acid levels in infants of low birth weight fed on expressed human milk and on a proprietary breast-milk substitute, S26, with a protein intake of not more than 4·5 g/kg/day were compared with those in infants fed on an evaporated milk formula whose protein intake ranged from 6·15 to 12·3 g/kg/day, as well as with normal infants on normal feeds and protein intake. In general, there was little difference between the levels in infants of low birth weight and in normal infants on the same protein intake. The five infants of low birth weight on high protein intake had generally higher levels of plasma amino-acids compared with the group on the lower protein intake, and in particular the levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, and cystathionine could be extremely high. Apart from methionine these high levels may be the result both of a reduction in activity of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of these amino-acids, due to the immaturity of the infant, and of the increased stress of a high protein intake. In view of a possible long-term effect of abnormally high plasma amino-acid levels it is suggested that the protein intake of infants of low birth weight should not exceed 6 g/kg/day.
Long-term efficacy of preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy in children
Authors: P. A. Eng, M. Reinhold, HP. E. Gnehm
Journal: Allergy (2002)

In a previous controlled study we demonstrated that preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy for three years was effective in children. In the current study we examined the same group of patients to see if there is still a benefit six years after discontinuation of treatment.Thirteen of 14 patients with previous specific immunotherapy (SIT) and 10 out of 14 patients of the control group were prospectively followed during the grass pollen season. Outcome measures were seasonal symptom scores for eyes, nose and chest, the use of symptomatic medication and visual analog scale. Objective measures included skin prick test reactivity to seasonal and perennial allergens and conjunctival provocation testing.During the 13 week observation time scores for overall hayfever symptoms (P < 0.004) and individual symptoms for eyes (P < 0.02), nose (P < 0.04) and chest (P < 0.01) as well as combined symptom and medication scores (P < 0.002) remained lower in the group with previous SIT. Only 23% of patients with previous pollen-asthma who had received SIT experienced pollen-associated lower respiratory tract symptoms compared to 70% in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the use of pharmacological treatment during the pollen season except for asthma medication. The average visual analog scale was lower in the post-SIT group (P < 0.05). Six years after cessation of SIT the immediate skin response to grass pollen remained decreased compared to the reaction of the controls (P < 0.01). There was also a tendency for higher allergen concentration to provoke a conjunctival response in the post-SIT group but without reaching statistical significance. Eight years after commencement of SIT, 61% of the initially pollen-monosensitized children had developed new sensitization to perennial allergens compared to 100% in the control group (P < 0.05).There is still a significant clinical benefit six years after discontinuation of preseasonal grass pollen immunotherapy in childhood. SIT in children with pollen-allergy reduces onset of new sensitization and therefore has the potential to modify the natural course of allergic disease.
Science and Society
Authors: D. McClean, B. C. J. G. Knight
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). <h3>Design</h3> Prospective cohort study (PAN.DEM) nested within the halted parent trial (LIVE@Home.Path). <h3>Setting</h3> Households in Norway immediate before and 6–9 weeks into the COVID-19 restrictions. <h3>Participants</h3> 104 dyads (persons with mild to moderate dementia aged ≥65 and their informal carers) completed both prepandemic and pandemic assessments, among 237 in the parent trial. Mini-Mental Status Examination score 15–26 or Functional Assessment Staging score 3–7 covered dementia severity. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12) total (range 0–144), psychosis (range 0–24), hyperactive behaviour (range 0–60) and mood subsyndrome (range 0–48) scores; Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) total score (range 0–38). <h3>Results</h3> We found an overall increase in BPSD by NPI-12 total score comparing prepandemic to pandemic levels (median 16 IQR (4.5–29) to 20 (7–32.5), p=0.03) over a mean of 86 days (SD 19). NPI-12 total score worsened in 57 (55%) of people with dementia and was associated with postponed or averted contacts with healthcare professionals (logistic regression, OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.05 to 14.95). Psychosis subsyndrome levels increased (0 (0–3) to 0.5 (0–6), p=0.01) in 37 (36%) persons; this worsening was associated with partial insight (9.57, 1.14 to 80.71) and reduced informal carer contact (4.45, 1.01 to 19.71). Moreover, depressive symptoms increased as assessed by CSDD total score (5 (3–9) to 7 (4–12), p=0.01) and worsened for 56 (54%), which was inversely associated with psychotropic drugs on-demand (0.16, 0.03 to 0.75). <h3>Conclusions</h3> BPSD worsened during the first months of the COVID-19 restrictions, most pronounced for psychosis and depression. These BPSD exacerbations have implications for pandemic policies, emphasising that restrictions must balance COVID-19 morbidity and mortality against dementia deterioration. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT04043364; Results.
A randomised controlled trial to test equivalence between retinyl palmitate and beta carotene for vitamin A deficiency.
Authors: C Carlier, J Coste, M Etchepare, B Periquet, O Amedee-Manesme
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether beta carotene is therapeutically equivalent to retinyl palmitate in the formulation currently recommended by the World Health Organisation. DESIGN--Randomised blind equivalence trial. SETTING--Rural area in Senegal. SUBJECTS--Children aged 2-15 years suffering from vitamin A deficiency as defined by abnormal results on eye cytology were randomly allocated treatment with retinyl palmitate (n = 256) and beta carotene (n = 254). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Reversion to normal results on eye cytology as defined by the reappearance of goblet cells and normalisation of the epithelial cells. RESULTS--Seven weeks after the supplement was given the percentages were 51.2% (124/242) children taking retinyl palmitate and 50.0% (123/246) of those taking beta carotene, who had reverted to normal eye cytology, a difference of 1.2% (95% confidence interval 6.2% to 8.6%) [corrected]. According to an equivalence testing procedure, the two treatments were statistically equivalent; the null hypothesis of non-equivalence was rejected (one tailed p value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS--beta Carotene supplementation seems to be a promising candidate for the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency. It could be given either as high dose capsule or through increased dietary intake. The challenge now is to improve dietary intake of vitamin A in programmes that are effective and sustainable at the community level.
Depression Remains Stable in Smokers Taking Varenicline to Quit
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Varenicline helped smokers with stable major depression quit smoking without exacerbating depression or anxiety, reported researchers of a phase 4 trial conducted in 8 countries (Anthenelli RM et al. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159[6]:390-400). The trial was funded by Pfizer.
Comparative effects of aspirin with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker on myocardial infarction and vascular function
Authors: Boging Zhu, Richard E. Sievers, Amanda E. Browne, Randall J. Lee, Kanu Chatterjee, William Grossman, William W. Parmley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prolonged Latent Period with Plasmodium falciparum Infections
Authors: G. L. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

NDIMWI!L JowuMU adherent to the oesophagus.When the neuroma was dissected away the oesophagus filled out but none the less dilators were passed.The " neuroma " had a cotton ligature in- corporated in it.Since then I have ligated only the distal vagal end, sometimes burying it under a serosal suture to obviate (?) such stump neuromata.The patient has had no recurrence of symptoms since.This case tends to support the view that stump neuromata may by them- selves cause symptoms as suggested in your leader.-Iam, etc.,
Insulin-like growth factor-I serum concentrations and patterns of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Jens-Gerd Scharf, Frank Schmitz, Jan Frystyk, Christian Skjaerbaek, Heidrun Moesus, Werner F. Blum, Giuliano Ramadori, Heinz Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Ocular Side Effects of Chlorpromazine in a Child
Authors: Lilly A. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Since 1964, a number of well-documented publications have reported ocular complications after prolonged phenothiazine therapy. These were described in adult patients earlier by Greiner and Berry<sup>1</sup>and recently by Gombos and Yarden,<sup>2</sup>but not in young children. The following case illustrates the first complication of this nature to be seen at the Children's Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of the Los Angeles County General Hospital. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> In a 10-year-old boy the diagnosis of "borderline childhood psychosis with organic brain deficit" was made at the age of 4 years. At 6 years of age he was seen because of destructive, uncontrollable behavior, manifested by a desire to kill his younger brother and harm himself. He was hospitalized between January 1964 and October 1965 and subsequently remained a day-care patient until December 1966. Following discharge, the patient was accepted to the educationally handicapped class of the
A homozygous nonsense mutation in the PLEC1 gene in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy.
Authors: S Chavanas, L Pulkkinen, Y Gache, F J Smith, W H McLean, J Uitto, J P Ortonne, G Meneguzzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Plectin is a widely expressed cytomatrix component involved in the attachment of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. We have recently reported that the skin and muscles of three patients affected by epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (MD-EBS), a genetic disorder characterized by skin blistering associated with muscle involvement, are not reactive with antibodies specific to plectin. We demonstrated that in the skin, lack of plectin leads to failure of keratin filaments to connect to the plasma membrane via the hemidesmosomes, whereas in the muscle the deficient expression of the molecule correlates with an aberrant localization of desmin in the muscle fibers. In this study we demonstrate that in a MD-EBS kindred with two affected members, the disease results from a homozygous nonsense mutation in the plectin (PLEC1) gene leading to a premature stop codon (CGA to TGA) and decay of the aberrant plectin messenger RNA. The segregation of the mutated allele implicates the mutation in the pathology of the disorder. These results confirm the critical role of plectin in providing cell resistance to mechanical stresses both in the skin and the muscle.
Variations in the Use of Medical and Surgical Services by the Medicare Population
Authors: Mark R. Chassin, Robert H. Brook, R.E. Park, Joan Keesey, Arlene Fink, Jacqueline Kosecoff, Katherine Kahn, Nancy Merrick, David H. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract We measured geographic differences in the use of medical and surgical services during 1981 by Medicare beneficiaries (age ≥65) in 13 large areas of the United States. The average number of Medicare beneficiaries per site was 340,000. We found large and significant differences in the use of services provided by all medical and surgical specialties. Of 123 procedures studied, 67 showed at least threefold differences between sites with the highest and lowest rates of use. Use rates were not consistently high in one site, but rates for procedures used to diagnose and treat a specific disease varied together, as did alternative treatments for the same condition. These results cannot be explained by the actions of a small number of physicians. We do not know whether physicians in high-use areas performed too many procedures, whether physicians in low-use areas performed too few, or whether neither or both of these explanations are accurate. However, we do know that the differences are too large to ignore and that unless they are understood at a clinical level, uninformed policy decisions that have adverse effects on the health of the elderly may be made. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:285–90.)
Mass Notification of Transfusion Recipients at Risk for HIV Infection
Authors: Stephen Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In May 1988, the Department of Health and Human Services initiated a generalized mailing to inform US households of the risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although blood banks throughout the country have been vigorous in tracing specific transfusion recipients identified as at risk for HIV infection, a wider "look-back" approach may be warranted in some areas.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Study.—</h3> Between July 1987 and October 1987, using computerized billing tapes, we identified all patients who had received transfusions between January 1978 and April 1985 at the University of California, San Francisco. Using routine mail, we attempted to alert them of their small but potential risk of HIV infection and suggested that they consider testing. We had previously participated in tracing specific transfusion recipients at risk for HIV infection (ie, recipients of blood retrospectively identified as HIV-antibody positive and recipients of blood from donors who later developed acquired
REPORT ON CAR SANITATION.
Authors: GRANVILLE P. CONN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

A report upon this subject must include several topics; for in order to bring before the public a full realization of its importance, we must consider the construction, the heating, lighting and ventilation of coaches, as well as the methods of car cleaning now in use by the management of most roads. This last is most essential, as it is the first principle of sanitation, without which nothing like a healthy standard can be assumed. The problem of car sanitation is one of complex character and involves so many mechanical questions, that one can hardly be expected to bring out the whole of the subject in a single paper. I have endeavored to get the opinions on this subject from other members of the committee, but have not succeeded in doing so, as for various reasons the different members have begged to be excused, therefore I have selected from the
Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization
Authors: Luke O. Hansen, Mark V. Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters7 February 2012Reducing 30-Day RehospitalizationLuke O. Hansen, MD, MHS and Mark V. Williams, MDLuke O. Hansen, MD, MHSFrom Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this author and Mark V. Williams, MDFrom Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Sandy that thoughtful attention to care transitions will often result in lower readmission rates, with process change supported by some of the interventions we reviewed as well as a culture shift to more safety awareness at discharge. However, these improvements are unlikely to be experienced by all hospitals. The key question for performance-based reimbursement tied to the readmission outcome is whether hospitals that demonstrate themselves to be laggards fall short because of factors that are or are not under their control.Many of the reports of success are observational, and we lack a robust ...Reference1. Kansagara D, Englander H, Salanitro A, Kagen D, Theobald C, Freeman M, et al. Risk prediction models for hospital readmission: a systematic review. JAMA. 2011;306:1688-98. [PMID: 22009101] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-1422. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInterventions to Reduce 30-Day Rehospitalization: A Systematic Review Luke O. Hansen , Robert S. Young , Keiki Hinami , Alicia Leung , and Mark V. Williams Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization Lewis G. Sandy Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization Azeem Majeed Metrics 7 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 3Page: 252KeywordsFearHealth careInpatientsMedicareMotivationOutpatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch fundingSafetySocial welfare ePublished: 7 February 2012 Issue Published: 7 February 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Injuries, envenomations and stings from exotic pets
Authors: Clifford Warwick, Catrina Steedman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

A variety of exotic vertebrate and invertebrate species are kept as 'pets' including fishes, amphibians (for example, frogs and toads), reptiles (turtles, crocodiles, lizards and snakes), birds, mammals (for example, primates, civets, and lions), and invertebrates (for example spiders, scorpions, and centipedes), and ownership of some of these animals is rising. Data for 2009-2011 suggest that the number of homes with reptiles rose by approximately 12.5%. Recent surveys, including only some of these animals, indicated that they might be present in around 18.6% of homes (equal to approximately 42 million animals of which around 40 million are indoor or outdoor fish). Many exotic 'pets' are capable of causing injury or poisoning to their keepers and some contacts prove fatal. We examined NHS Health Episode Statistics for England using selected formal categories for hospital admissions and bed days for 2004-2010 using the following categories of injury, envenomation or sting; bitten or struck by crocodile or alligator; bitten or crushed by other reptiles: contact with venomous snakes and lizards; contact with scorpions. Between 2004 and 2010 these data conservatively show a total of 760 full consultation episodes, 709 admissions and 2,121 hospital bed days were associated with injuries probably from exotic pets. Injuries, envenomations and stings from exotic pets constitute a small but important component of emerging medical problems. Greater awareness of relevant injuries and medical sequelae from exotic pet keeping may help medics formulate their clinical assessment and advice to patients.
Reply from Authors re: Behfar Ehdaie, Shahrokh F. Shariat. Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Targeted Prostate Biopsy: Back to the Future. Eur Urol 2013;63:141–2
Authors: Caroline M. Moore, Nicola L. Robertson, Nasr Arsanious, Thomas Middleton, Arnauld Villers, Laurence Klotz, Samir S. Taneja, Mark Emberton
Journal: European Urology (2012)
180 Results of a randomized double-blind, controlled pilot study of the administration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: M. Conchillo, R. de Knegt, M. Payeras, J. Quiroga, B. Sangro, J.I. Herrero, I. Castilla-Cortazar, C. Toshizawa, P.M.L. Jansen, B. Scharschmidt, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Flt3 Y591 duplication and Bcl-2 overexpression are detected in acute myeloid leukemia cells with high levels of phosphorylated wild-type p53
Authors: Jonathan M. Irish, Nina Ånensen, Randi Hovland, Jørn Skavland, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Øystein Bruserud, Garry P. Nolan, Bjørn T. Gjertsen
Journal: Blood (2006)
Inhibition of growth hormone action improves insulin sensitivity in liver IGF-1–deficient mice
Authors: Shoshana Yakar, Jennifer Setser, Hong Zhao, Bethel Stannard, Martin Haluzik, Vaida Glatt, Mary L Bouxsein, John J. Kopchick, Derek LeRoith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Liver IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice have a 75% reduction in circulating IGF-1 levels and, as a result, a fourfold increase in growth hormone (GH) secretion. To block GH action, LID mice were crossed with GH antagonist (GHa) transgenic mice. Inactivation of GH action in the resulting LID + GHa mice led to decreased blood glucose and insulin levels and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies showed that LID mice exhibit severe insulin resistance. In contrast, expression of the GH antagonist transgene in LID + GHa mice led to enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and white adipose tissue. Interestingly, LID + GHa mice exhibit a twofold increase in white adipose tissue mass, as well as increased levels of serum-free fatty acids and triglycerides, but no increase in the triglyceride content of liver and muscle. In conclusion, these results show that despite low levels of circulating IGF-1, insulin sensitivity in LID mice could be improved by inactivating GH action, suggesting that chronic elevation of GH levels plays a major role in insulin resistance. These results suggest that IGF-1 plays a role in maintaining a fine balance between GH and insulin to promote normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
THE SUNSHINE AND SHADOW IN MEDICAL ENDEAVOR.
Authors: JOSEPH D. BRYANT
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Justice to myself, and a proper consideration for those whose faith or curiosity has prompted them to be present on this occasion, impels me to say at the outset, that I have been not a little troubled to select a topic that might suitably meet expectations and at the same time afford an excuse for my presence. I might, perhaps, with a faint trace of propriety, lighten each of these contingencies with the guileless claim that neither you nor I can be regarded entirely responsible for a crisis which has been fostered for a considerable time, and is now launched by those who are charged with the success of the occasion. However this may be, a reasonable fidelity to those who have so implicitly trusted us, should beget praiseworthy patience in you, and a degree of commendable brevity in me that befits your present comfort and the character of the
Shock Trauma Manual
Authors: Robert J. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This paperback manual is an outgrowth of the authors' extensive experience at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medicine. The concept developed there is that rapid transport to well-equipped, well-staffed facilities, where proved techniques can be applied, is superior to extensive resuscitative efforts at the scene of the accident or in local, sporadically staffed institutions. In recognition of the fact that tertiary care facilities are not always available, this manual appears to be an attempt to provide emergency physicians, residents, and others with the basic information necessary to care for critically injured patients. The first part of this manual is a concise, rather brief description of the evaluation and resuscitation of the injured, followed by a relevant, practical, and useful review of the management of specific injuries and problems in trauma. Only principles are emphasized; no attempt is made to expound on treatment details. Curiously, some important therapeutic adjuncts were overlooked: