tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coagulation factor XI is a contaminant in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
Authors: Alisa S. Wolberg, Rachel H. Kon, Dougald M. Monroe, Maureane Hoffman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A small number of thromboembolic events, including deep venous thrombosis and myocardial infarction, have been reported in patients receiving IVIG. These events have primarily occurred in patients receiving high-dose IVIG and have been attributed to an increase in blood viscosity. To test the hypothesis that a procoagulant might be present in IgG preparations, twenty-nine samples of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from eight different manufacturers were assayed for procoagulant activity. Twenty-six of these samples shortened the clotting time of factor XI-deficient plasma. Of these, fourteen samples had factor XI activities greater than 0.001 U/ml of normal pooled plasma. The remaining samples possessed less than 0.001 U/ml of normal plasma activity. The procoagulant activity in these samples could be inhibited by an anti-factor XI polyclonal antibody, suggesting that the procoagulant activity was factor XI. The procoagulant activity increased in two samples after storage at 4°C for 4 weeks, likely as a result of factor XIa autoactivation. Additionally, activity in some IVIG samples was able to directly activate factor IX, indicating that activated factor XI was present in these samples. Finally, the degree of factor XI(a) contamination in the samples was correlated with the manufacturer, suggesting that variations in the manufacturing process or source plasma affect the level of factor XI in the IVIG product. Because addition of small amounts of factor XIa to plasma can lead to production of significant amounts of thrombin, we suggest that factor XIa present in some IVIG preparations could contribute to the in vivo risk of thrombosis after IVIG therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 65:30–34, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of Measles Vaccination
Authors: S. Sanders
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Worldwide, ovarian cancer accounts for 3.4% of newly diagnosed cancer cases and 4.4% of cancer related mortality among females.It spreads mainly through peritoneal dissemination, hematogenous or lymphatic routes, and is optimally managed by cytoreductive surgery.Splenic metastasis from malignant tumors are extremely rare ranging from 2.3 to 7.1% in autopsy studies, and a reported incidence of 1.3% in splenectomy studies. To the best of our knowledge, approximately 24 cases of isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis from ovarian cancer were reported in English based literature. <h3>Methodology</h3> We here report 2 cases with parenchymal splenic metastasis from ovarian cancer one case was operated in October 2017 and the other was operated October 2018. <h3>Results</h3> The 2 cases were managed by doing splenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and both now are on follow up with no evidence of recurrence or further metastasis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Splenic metastasis from ovarian cancer is relatively rare. Thorough follow up of ovarian cancer cases including careful clinical examination, Computed tomography and tumor markers assessment when clinically indicated can early detect any recurrence events even isolated splenic recurrence. Splenectomy as a secondary cytoreductive surgery is a safe procedure that leads to achieving improved both survival and quality of life. <h3>Disclosure</h3> Nothing to disclose.
Mechanical properties of completely autologous human tissue engineered blood vessels compared to human saphenous vein and mammary artery
Authors: Gerhardt Konig, Todd N. McAllister, Nathalie Dusserre, Sergio A. Garrido, Corey Iyican, Alicia Marini, Alex Fiorillo, Hernan Avila, Wojciech Wystrychowski, Krzysztof Zagalski, Marcin Maruszewski, Alyce Linthurst Jones, Lech Cierpka, Luis M. de la Fuente, Nicolas L'Heureux
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Differentiation Between Suppressed Thyroid Tissue and Thyroid Hemiagenesis with Tc-99m Pertechnetate Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: RAJEEV PRAKASH, RAJAN V. NARAYANAN, SHYAMAL K. CHAKRAVARTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid angiography was performed on 62 patients who had unilateral thyroid enlargement and no radionuclide uptake in the contralateral lobe in an attempt to differentiate suppressed thyroid tissue from thyroidal hemiagenesis. In 55 cases of toxic, autonomous functioning thyroid nodules, the suppressed contralateral lobe was unequivocally demonstrated, the flow study showing tracer coursing through this tissue in the sequential arterial images. No arterial flow was demonstrable on the rapid sequence imaging in the agenetic lobe in seven patients who had thyroidal hemiagenesis. Radionuclide thyroid angiography appears a safe, simple, and accurate one-step study for distinguishing between suppressed thyroid tissue and thyroid hemiagenesis and precludes the requirement for additional studies, such as the thyrotropin stimulation test and TI-201 scintigraphy.
Association of Jejunal Diverticulosis and Steatorrhoea
Authors: A. P. Dick
Journal: BMJ (1955)

BOWEL iCJou 145 woman aged 50 who presented with melaena.Laparotomy showed her to have a Meckel's diverticulum and a rounded tumour in the wall of her terminal ileum distal to the diverticulum.Resection of the involved segment of ileum was carried out, section showing the tumour to be a leiomyoma. SummaryWe have reviewed briefly the primary tumours met with in the small intestine and report a series of 16 such tumours dealt with in this hospital over the past ten years.Adenocarcinoma is the commonest of these tumours.It occurs most frequently in the duodenum and upper jejunum.Symptoms occur late owing to the fluid nature of the bowel content at this level.Prognosis is uniformly poor, and this has been our experience.The age inci- dence of these growths corresponds to the general cancer age, and women were affected more often than men.A description of the lesions produced by lympho- sarcoma and allied conditions is given.Five such cases are reported, and it is suggested that in suitable cases resection of the involved segment followed by radiotherapy is the treatment of choice.A description is given of the carcinoid or argentaffin carcinoma.The different behaviour of this tumour occurring in the appendix and ileum is discussed, and one such case is reported.Our thanks are due to other members of the staff of the Essex County Hospital for allowing access to their case records, and to Dr. J. B.
Ecstasy, the Serotonin Syndrome, and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome—A Possible Link?
Authors: Donna Ames
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the report on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy).<sup>1</sup>The toxic effects of this drug—hyperthermia, autonomic instability, increased motor restlessness, and death by renal failure—appear to be similar to certain features of both the "serotonin (5-HT) syndrome"<sup>2</sup>and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The serotonin syndrome has been reported in depressed patients who are taking a combination of medications that enhance central nervous system serotonin function such as tryptophan, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and other antidepressant medications. The most frequently reported symptoms that comprise the syndrome are changes in mental status, restlessness, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, shivering, and tremor. The precise etiology of the syndrome is unclear, although some evidence supports the theory that it is caused by hyperstimulation of the 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>receptor in the brainstem and spinal cord. This is based on animal research in which 5-HT<sup>2</sup>antagonism with specific 5-HT<sup>2</sup>antagonists, mianserin hydrochloride
Unifactorial models are not appropriate for multifactorial disease
Authors: J H Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis Paper did not include all data on adverse effectsEditor-Weiner et al conclude that "results from [their] systematic review, together with data on safety and cost effectiveness, support the use of intranasal corticosteroids over oral antihistamines as first line treatment for allergic rhinitis." 1 They also state that "intranasal corticosteroids are considered safe [and] studies have failed to show significant effects on serum markers of bone metabolism and short term bone growth," referring to two studies, those by Martinati et al and Wolthers et al.They make no reference to two more recent studies, both of a larger number of subjects over longer periods, which established a significant reduction in paediatric bone growth. 2 3The issue of adverse effects was also addressed in a report by the Committee on Safety of Medicines and Medicines Control Agency, which concluded that intranasal corticosteroids can cause "clinically important systemic adverse effects at licensed doses." 4 The United Kingdom datasheet for Beconase aqueous nasal spray (beclomethasone dipropionate) recognises the potential for children to develop growth retardation at licensed doses and the need to refer patients to paediatric specialists while they are being prescribed intranasal corticosteroids (Allen and Hanburys, Sept 1998).I question the omission of such key data from Weiner et al's systematic review; it may well tip the risk:benefit ratio away from the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children and, hence, affect the validity of the review's conclusions.
Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition
Authors: Lynnette R. Ferguson, Helen Chen, Andrew R. Collins, Marisa Connell, Giovanna Damia, Santanu Dasgupta, Meenakshi Malhotra, Alan K. Meeker, Amedeo Amedei, Amr Amin, S. Salman Ashraf, Katia Aquilano, Asfar S. Azmi, Dipita Bhakta, Alan Bilsland, Chandra S. Boosani, Sophie Chen, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Hiromasa Fujii, Gunjan Guha, Dorota Halicka, William G. Helferich, W. Nicol Keith, Sulma I. Mohammed, Elena Niccolai, Xujuan Yang, Kanya Honoki, Virginia R. Parslow, Satya Prakash, Sarallah Rezazadeh, Rodney E. Shackelford, David Sidransky, Phuoc T. Tran, Eddy S. Yang, Christopher A. Maxwell
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
Nosocomial Infections and the Regulated Hospital
Authors: James H. Tenney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

III. Comments1 November 1978Nosocomial Infections and the Regulated HospitalJames H. Tenney, M.D.James H. Tenney, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-862_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNosocomial infections represent a substantial portion of health care costs in the United States. Although inexact, data from the National Nosocomial Infection Study presented by Dr. Dixon are the basis for the best available estimate of the actual dollars involved. Dr. Bennett suggests that considerable cost-saving is possible by the application of current knowledge to prevent nosocomial infection. On the other hand, Dr. Eickhoff reminds us that many guidelines for hospital infection control practice, such as those of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, are not based on careful scientific evaluation and that the cost and benefit of certain... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Maryland Hospital PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 862-862KeywordsHealth careNosocomial infections Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Medical Care and the English Language
Authors: H. Thomas Ballantine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In 1946 the late George Orwell, famous for his novels Animal Farm and 1984, wrote an essay that he called "Politics and the English Language."* Some of his observations follow:Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it... Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: that it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But . . .
Abstract 4455: The Impact of Platelet Count Decline on Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Axel de Labriolle, Laurent Bonello, Gilles Lemesle, Probal Roy, Daniel H Steinberg, Zhenyi Xue, Rebecca Torguson, William O Suddath, Lowell F Satler, Kenneth M Kent, Augusto D Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGROUND: Severe decline in platelet count (DPC) ≥ 50% has been shown to be predictor of outcome after PCI. The prognosis of mild or moderate DPC is unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of various degrees of DPC on clinical outcome. METHODS: The study included 10,146 consecutive patients who were subjected to PCI. The population was divided in four groups according to the magnitude of the decline in platelet post PCI: no DPC (DPC ≤ 10 %), minor DPC (10 –25 %), mild DPC (26 –50 %) and severe DPC (≥50%). The primary endpoint for this analysis was the composite criteria of death-MI at 30 days. RESULTS: Among the 10,146 patients, 36 % had a DPC ≤10 %, 47.7% had a DPC 10 –25%, 14% had a DPC 26 –50% and 2.3% had a DPC ≥50%. At 30 days, there was a worsening of clinical outcome with the severity of DPC (table 1 ). In univariate analysis, numerous variables were detected associated with the risk of death-MI at 30 days including both mild and severe DPC. After adjustment in multivariate analysis, DPC (25–50 %) and DPC (≥50%) were independently associated with the composite criteria death-MI at 30 days. All independent predictors in multivariate analysis are listed in table 2 . CONCLUSIONS: DPC after PCI is an independent predictor of death-MI at 30 days. The clinical significance of DPC is not limited to major DPC (≥50%) but also seen with moderate DPC (26 –50 %). Careful attention to platelet count is required in patients subjected to PCI who experienced more than 25% decline in their platelet count following the intervention. Relation between Decline in platelet count and Death - MI Independent predictors of death-MI at 30 days
CCX-CKR deficiency alters thymic stroma impairing thymocyte development and promoting autoimmunity
Authors: Mark D. Bunting, Iain Comerford, Natalie Seach, Maree V. Hammett, Darren L. Asquith, Heinrich Körner, Richard L. Boyd, Robert J. B. Nibbs, Shaun R. McColl
Journal: Blood (2012)
Differential Effects of Pressure and Flow on DNA and Protein Synthesis and on Fibronectin Expression by Arteries in a Novel Organ Culture System
Authors: Nathalie Bardy, Gaëtan J. Karillon, Régine Merval, Jane-Lyse Samuel, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Structural adaptation of the blood vessel wall occurs in response to mechanical factors related to blood pressure and flow. To elucidate the relative roles of pressure, flow, and medium composition, we have developed a novel organ culture system in which rabbit thoracic aorta, held at in vivo length, can be perfused and pressurized at independently varied flow and pressure for several days. Histology and histomorphometry, as well as scanning electron microscopy, revealed a well-preserved wall structure. In arteries perfused and pressurized at 80 mm Hg, endothelial injury led to a 2-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation in the media, which peaked at 3 to 5 days and returned to baseline level at 6 to 8 days. In intact endothelialized vessels cultured for 3 days under no-flow conditions, pressure per se had no effect on DNA synthesis. In contrast, in the presence of serum, total protein synthesis, as assessed by [35S]methionine incorporation into the media, was enhanced 6-fold at 150 mm Hg compared with vessels pressurized at 0 or 80 mm Hg. In intact vessels perfused at a constant flow of 40 mL/min for 3 days, DNA synthesis was unchanged regardless of the pressure level when vessels were cultured in the presence of serum but increased 8-fold at both 80 and 150 mm Hg in the absence of serum. Unlike DNA synthesis, total protein synthesis was enhanced 12-fold by flow regardless of the presence or absence of serum. Expression of fibronectin was markedly enhanced at high transmural pressure, and serum potentiated its expression in the arterial wall. This novel organ culture system of perfused and pressurized vessels allowed identification of differential effects of pressure, flow, and serum on DNA and total protein synthesis, including cellular fibronectin expression.
Incomplete Reentry and Epicardial Breakthrough Patterns During Atrial Fibrillation in the Sheep Heart
Authors: Richard A. Gray, Arkady M. Pertsov, Jose´ Jalife
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation and its initiation are not fully understood. Our hypothesis is that atrial fibrillation results from complex activation involving the subendocardial muscle network.We have used video imaging to study the sequence of activation on the surface of the right atrium of the Langendorff-perfused sheep heart during pacing, atrial fibrillation, and its initiation. We recorded transmembrane potentials simultaneously from over 20,000 sites. We observed two types of patterns of wave propagation during the initiation of atrial fibrillation. The first type resulted from heterogeneties of refractoriness and transmural propagation near the stimulating electrode. The second type involved heterogeneity in conduction away from the pacing site. During atrial fibrillation, the average period of activation was 138 +/- 25 ms (n = 6), and complete reentrant pathways were never observed. Propagation patterns were characterized by a combination of incomplete reentry, breakthrough patterns, and wave collisions. Incomplete reentry occurred when waves propagated around thin lines of block and then terminated. Breakthrough patterns were frequent and occurred every 215 ms on average. The location of these breakthrough sites and the lines of block during incomplete reentry were not randomly distributed but appeared to be related to preferential propagation in the underlying subendocardial muscle structures. A computer model of atrial free wall connected to a pectinate muscle suggested that subendocardial muscles lead to epicardial breakthrough patterns that act to destabilize reentry.These results suggest that the complex three-dimensional structure of the atria plays a major role in the activation sequences during atrial fibrillation and its initiation.
Abstract 4489: The activity of novel, potent, selective PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Simone Jueliger, Lenushka Maharaj, Sunil Iyengar, Essam Ghazaly, Pedro Cutillas, Rebecca Auer, Christian Rommel, Liansheng Li, John Gribben, Bart Vanhaesebroeck, Simon P. Joel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Activation of the PI3K pathway is implicated in a number of tumour types, including haematological malignancies. Agents that target this pathway at different levels (e.g. RTK, PI3K, mTOR etc) have shown promising activity in preclinical models and in early phase trials. We have therefore investigated the activity of novel, potent, pan- and isoform-selective PI3K pathway inhibitors in lymphoma and myeloma models. Methods: Compounds studied included those with selectivity for mTOR (INK128, mTOR IC50 1.6 nM), PI3Kδ/γ (INK713, INK1048, IC50s &amp;lt;10 nM for δ/γ isoforms, &amp;gt;50 nM for others) and PI3Kδ/γ/β (INK1138, IC50s &amp;lt;10 nM for each isoform). IC87114 (δ- selective), GDC-0941 (α/δ selective), rapamycin and doxorubicin were included as comparators. Agents were studied in a panel of lymphoma and myeloma cell lines, in normal PBMCs and in primary tumours cultured with stromal cells. Effects on cell viability and proliferation were assessed using the Guava Viacount assay, on apoptosis induction by annexin V labelling, and on cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. PI3K pathway activity and inhibition was determined by Western blotting as well as mass spectrometry. Results: In cell lines, inhibition of mTOR by INK128 resulted in potent inhibition of cell proliferation, in many at concentrations as low as 10 nM. Selective PI3K inhibitors were less potent anti-proliferative agents, although activity was seen in cells with activation of the PI3K pathway as determined by western blot analysis. For all compounds tested, the major impact was on cell proliferation rather than cell viability. PI3K inhibitors showed little effect on cell viability at concentrations &amp;lt; 1µM. The effect of these compounds in primary mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma samples was variable, both between and within tumour types, possibly due to differences in basal PI3K pathway activity. Effects in normal PBMCs were markedly different to those seen in tumour cells, with a concentration-dependent increase in cell number with either mTOR or PI3K inhibition. Conclusion: Selective PI3K pathway inhibition, particularly at the level of mTOR, results in cytostatic, and at higher concentrations cytotoxic, responses in haematological malignancies. The variable activity of these compounds between cell lines and primary samples suggests it will be important to characterise the activity of the PI3K pathway in individual tumours to identify patients likely to benefit from such agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4489.