tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End-of-Life Issues in AIDS: The Research Perspective
Authors: Patricia A Grady, Ann R Knebel, Anita Draper
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

In 1999 alone, HIV/AIDS-associated illnesses caused the deaths of about 2.8 million people worldwide, including an estimated 480 000 younger than 15 years1. Some 13.2 million children have lost their mothers or both parents since the epidemic began1. In this paper we describe research initiatives being pursued at the National Institute of Nursing Research, but first we examine existing publications to provide some background information.
Effects of Molybdenum and Tungsten on Mammary Carcinogenesis in SD Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H J Wei, X M Luo, S P Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Virgin female rats of the SD strain were fed ad libitum a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet and demineralized water (groups 1 and 2), or the same diet with 10 ppm molybdenum (group 3) or 150 ppm tungsten (group 4) added to the drinking water. The animals in groups 2-4 received a single iv injection of 5 mg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU; CAS: 684-93-5)/100 g body weight at 50 days of age. One hundred and twenty-five days after the NMU treatment, group 2 exhibited a 50.0% incidence of mammary carcinoma. Group 4 exhibited a significant increase in carcinoma incidence (79.2%) and the value for group 3 (45.5%) was not significantly different from that of group 2. The carcinoma incidence of group 3 (50.0%) was significantly lower than that of group 2 (90.5%) or group 4 (95.7%) 198 days after NMU treatment.
Abstract 1632: Discovery of a novel series of androgen receptor antagonists with potential therapeutic applications in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Huifang Li, Mohamed DH Hassona, Nathan A. Lack, Peter Axerio-Cilies, Eric Leblanc, Emma T. Guns, Paul S. Rennie, Artem Cherkasov
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The human androgen receptor (AR) represents a well-established drug target for prostate cancer treatment. All clinically used antiandrogens, such as Bicalutamide and Enzalutamide, possess similar chemical structures and bind to the AR in the androgen binding site (ABS). These AR antagonists are initially effective, but resistance invariably developed in the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Even in late-stage patients, the AR activity is still persistent in the progression of the disease. Thus, there is a continuing need for novel chemical classes of AR antagonists that could overcome the drug resistance. In this study, we performed a virtual screening against the AR ABS, and identified novel AR antagonists with chemical structures completely different from existing antiandrogens. A 10-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)anthracen-9(10H)-one compound was discovered that not only effectively inhibits AR transcription and strongly displaces androgen in the ABS, but induces AR degradation in prostate cancer cells. Starting from the initial hit compound, a series of 10-benzylidene-10H-anthracen-9-ones were synthesized and evaluated by in vitro assays. A close analogue with enhanced potency was identified as a lead compound, which demonstrated strong androgen displacement potency, effective AR transcriptional inhibition, and a profound ability to cause degradation of AR. Notably, it exhibited significant activity against MDV3100-resistant prostate cancer cells. This lead compound was evaluated in both non-castrated and castration-resistant LNCaP xenograft models, and demonstrated significant effect on inhibiting tumor growth and reducing prostate specific antigen (PSA). This series of compounds were predicted to adopt a different binding mode from current antiandrogens, which may circumvent the resistance rendered by identified gain-of-function mutations. Further development of this series of AR antagonists may have great therapeutic potential in CRPC. Citation Format: Huifang Li, Mohamed DH Hassona, Nathan A. Lack, Peter Axerio-Cilies, Eric Leblanc, Emma T. Guns, Paul S. Rennie, Artem Cherkasov. Discovery of a novel series of androgen receptor antagonists with potential therapeutic applications in castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1632. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1632
Asymptomatic recurrence detection with surveillance scanning in children with medulloblastoma.
Authors: D W Shaw, J R Geyer, M S Berger, J Milstein, K L Lindsley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To assess the utility of surveillance neuroimaging in detecting recurrent disease in patients treated for medulloblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records and scans of 59 consecutive patients treated for medulloblastoma between 1984 and 1993 in one institution were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Nineteen of 59 patients had recurrence of tumor, of which 17 were available for this study. Eleven of the 17 recurrent patients were asymptomatic at the time of detection. The median time to recurrence was 13 months (range, 3 to 90). CONCLUSION Surveillance scanning detected a majority of recurrences before onset of symptoms. Although the outcome of those with recurrent disease remains poor, early detection with minimum disease provides the best setting in which to test newer therapies. Patients and their parents also were more likely to elect pursuing further treatment when relapse was detected asymptomatically.
Phase I Study of Infusional Paclitaxel in Combination With the P-Glycoprotein Antagonist PSC 833
Authors: Isagani Chico, Min H. Kang, Raymond Bergan, Jame Abraham, Susan Bakke, Beverly Meadows, Ann Rutt, Rob Robey, Peter Choyke, Maria Merino, Barry Goldspiel, Tom Smith, Seth Steinberg, William D. Figg, Tito Fojo, Susan Bates
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PSC 833 (valspodar) is a second-generation P-glycoprotein (Pgp) antagonist developed to reverse multidrug resistance. We conducted a phase I study of a 7-day oral administration of PSC 833 in combination with paclitaxel, administered as a 96-hour continuous infusion.Fifty patients with advanced cancer were enrolled onto the trial. PSC 833 was administered orally for 7 days, beginning 72 hours before the start of the paclitaxel infusion. Paclitaxel dose reductions were planned because of the pharmacokinetic interactions known to occur with PSC 833.In combination with PSC 833, maximum-tolerated doses were defined as paclitaxel 13.1 mg/m(2)/d continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) for 4 days without filgrastim, and paclitaxel 17.5 mg/m(2)/d CIVI for 4 days with filgrastim support. Dose-limiting toxicity for the combination was neutropenia. Statistical analysis of cohorts revealed similar mean steady-state concentrations (C(pss)) and areas under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUCs) when patients received paclitaxel doses of 13.1 or 17.5 mg/m(2)/d for 4 days with PSC 833, as when they received a paclitaxel dose of 35 mg/m(2)/d for 4 days without PSC 833. However, the effect of PSC 833 on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics varied greatly among individual patients, although a surrogate assay using CD56+ cells suggested inhibition of Pgp was complete or nearly complete at low concentrations of PSC 833. Responses occurred in three of four patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, and clinical benefit occurred in five of 10 patients with ovarian carcinoma.PSC 833 in combination with paclitaxel can be administered safely to patients provided the paclitaxel dose is reduced to compensate for the pharmacokinetic interaction. Surrogate studies with CD56+ cells indicate that the maximum-tolerated dose for PSC 833 gives serum levels much higher than those required to block Pgp. The variability in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics, despite complete inhibition of Pgp in the surrogate assay, suggests that other mechanisms, most likely related to P450, contribute to the pharmacokinetic interaction. Future development of combinations such as this should include strategies to predict pharmacokinetics of the chemotherapeutic agent. This in turn will facilitate dosing to achieve comparable CPss and AUCs.
Comparative evaluation of three chromogenic agars for detection and rapid identification of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria in the normal intestinal microflora
Authors: P.M.G. Filius, D. van Netten, P.J.E. Roovers, A.G. Vulto, I.C. Gyssens, H.A. Verbrugh, H.P. Endtz
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)
Relationship between GII.3 norovirus infections and blood group antigens in young children in Tunisia
Authors: S. Ayouni, M. Estienney, K. Sdiri-Loulizi, K. Ambert-Balay, A. de Rougemont, S. Aho, S. Hammami, M. Aouni, M.N. Guédiche, P. Pothier, G. Belliot
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Hopelessness, Depression, and Attempted Suicide
Authors: KENNETH MINKOFF, ERIC BERGMAN, AARON T. BECK, ROY BECK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors have identified a component of the syndrome of depression—the cognitive element of negative expectations—as a stronger indicator of suicidal intent than depression itself. This not only suggests a solution to the puzzling question of why there is a relationship between depression and suicide, but also indicates that approaches specifically designated to alleviate hopelessness may be successful in preventing suicide.
Local and systemic inflammatory responses following bronchial instillation of house dust mite allergen (HDM) and HDM/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mild asthmatics
Authors: M. Berger, J.D. de Boer, P. Bresser, T. van der Poll, R. Lutter, P.J. Sterk, J.S. van der Zee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  Exposure to house dust, containing HDM and LPS, is associated with severity of allergic asthma. We hypothesized that adding LPS to bronchial provocation with HDM amplifies allergic inflammation in asthmatics on maintenance treatment with inhalation corticosteroids (ICS).   Aim:  To assess the allergic inflammatory response in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid induced by provocation with HDM +/- LPS.   Methods:  We included 39 mild asthmatic patients with HDM allergy. After 2 weeks run-in with fluticasone 100μg bid, blood was drawn and subjects underwent bronchoscopy for instillation of saline in one lung followed by instillation of HDM +/- LPS in the contralateral lung. Six hours later, blood was drawn and BAL was performed. Statistical comparisons were made by Univariate Analysis.   Results:  Additional instillation of LPS to HDM resulted in a significant increase in peripheral blood leukocytes and neutrophils, and a decrease of eosinophils. Provocation with HDM+LPS significantly increased total cell numbers, neutrophils, and Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) in BAL fluid (p=0.04), and showed a trend towards an increase in eosinophils.   Conclusion:  Additional instillation of LPS to a provocation with HDM in mild asthma decreases circulating eosinophils and increases pulmonary eosinophil influx and ECP-release, despite treatment with ICS.
The importance of slow vital capacity in detection of airway obstruction
Authors: Raquel Barros, Paula Pinto, Cristina Bárbara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: According to ATS/ERS 2005, the presence of airway obstruction is characterized by the relation of FEV1 and the biggest VC. As VC can be calculated by a slow maneuver (SVC) or a forced one (FVC), is very important to know the difference of the volume between them, and how can it affect the detection of airway obstruction.

Aims: To investigate the presence of airway obstruction using the FEV1/FVC ratio and the FEV1/SVC ratio; To determinate the existence of correlations between SVC-FVC and the severity of ventilatory disturbances.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included 1084 individuals of both genders who underwent spirometry and plethysmography in a central hospital in Lisbon. The sample was divided in 6 lung functional groups.

Results: The analysis of the relation FEV1/FVC revealed the presence of airway obstruction in 476 individuals (43,9%), while the relation FEV1/SVC detected the presence of this type of ventilatory change in 567 individuals (52,3%). In all lung functional groups was verified that the SVC was always superior to the FVC. The SVC-FVC in the groups with airway obstruction, airway obstruction with pulmonary hyperinflation and the mix ventilatory pattern was statistically superior (p<0,05) to the one found in groups without ventilatory changes, with the reduction of FEF's and with pulmonary restriction.

The SVC-FVC was correlated (p<0,05) with the percentage of FEV1 only in the group with airway obstruction with pulmonary hyperinflation.

Conclusion: The relation FEV1/SVC detected the presence of airway obstruction in more individuals than the relation FEV1/FVC, which indicates that the first relation is the most reliable in the detection of obstructive ventilatory changes.
National surveillance of paediatric empyema in the UK; the UK-ESPE study
Authors: David Spencer, Matthew Thomas, Elemraid Mohammed, Julia Clark, Steve Rushton, Jimmy Paton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

UK-ESPE monitors the changing empyema epidemiology and compares management across the UK. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data on children undergoing pleural drainage were obtained from 19 paediatric respiratory centres from September 2006-March 2011. Culture negative pleural fluid underwent pneumococcal PCR, positive samples were serotyped using an assay detecting 14 serotypes/groups. Robust multivariate survival models were used to analyse length of stay (LOS). Chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's test were used for other analyses. Data on 635 children were obtained (56% male, median age 4.3 years). If a bacterial cause was found (n=287), Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 68%, Streptococcus pyogenes 14% and Staphylococcus aureus 4%. A pneumococcal serotype was detected in 125 patients with serotype 1(46%), 3(22%), 7(12%) and 19A(9%). PCV-7 serotypes accounted for 48% in 2006/07 but had disappeared by 2010/11. Non-PCV-7 serotypes increased over the same period. 19A was associated with severe disease and the only reported death. Median tertiary LOS was 8 days (range 3-33) and median total hospital stay (THS) 11 days (range 5-43). Surgery was associated with a decrease in tertiary LOS of 41% (95% C.I.7-88%, p=0.015) and THS of 43% (95% C.I .7-92%, p=0.015) compared to non-surgical treatment. This effect did not achieve significance when each treatment group was analysed separately. Empyema in the UK remains predominantly a pneumococcal disease with causative serotypes changing over time. Continuing surveillance is required to monitor changes following introduction of new pneumococcal vaccines. Primary surgical strategies were associated with reduced hospital stay in this cohort.
Pulmonary Embolism after Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: C Alliot, J P Rapin, M Besson, F Bedjaoui, D Messouak
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The best-known adverse effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are nephrotoxicity and anaphylactic reaction. Only a few cases of thrombosis have been reported.
A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lee S. Newman, Cecile S. Rose, Eddy A. Bresnitz, Milton D. Rossman, Juliana Barnard, Margaret Frederick, Michael L. Terrin, Steven E. Weinberger, David R. Moller, Geoffrey McLennan, Gary Hunninghake, Louis DePalo, Robert P. Baughman, Michael C. Iannuzzi, Marc A. Judson, Genell L. Knatterud, Bruce W. Thompson, Alvin S. Teirstein, Henry Yeager, Carol J. Johns, David L. Rabin, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Reuben Cherniack
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Past research suggests that environmental factors may be associated with sarcoidosis risk. We conducted a case control study to test a priori hypotheses that environmental and occupational exposures are associated with sarcoidosis. Ten centers recruited 706 newly diagnosed patients with sarcoidosis and an equal number of age-, race-, and sex-matched control subjects. Interviewers administered questionnaires containing questions regarding occupational and nonoccupational exposures that we assessed in univariable and multivariable analyses. We observed positive associations between sarcoidosis and specific occupations (e.g., agricultural employment, odds ratio [OR] 1.46, confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.89), exposures (e.g., insecticides at work, OR 1.52, CI 1.14-2.04, and work environments with mold/mildew exposures [environments with possible exposures to microbial bioaerosols], OR 1.61, CI 1.13-2.31). A history of ever smoking cigarettes was less frequent among cases than control subjects (OR 0.62, CI 0.50-0.77). In multivariable modeling, we observed elevated ORs for work in areas with musty odors (OR 1.62, CI 1.24-2.11) and with occupational exposure to insecticides (OR 1.61, CI 1.13-2.28), and a decreased OR related to ever smoking cigarettes (OR 0.65, CI 0.51-0.82). The study did not identify a single, predominant cause of sarcoidosis. We identified several exposures associated with sarcoidosis risk, including insecticides, agricultural employment, and microbial bioaerosols.
Assessment of thoracoabdominal mechanics in elderly by optoeletronic pletismography: A controled study
Authors: Adriana Lunardi, Denise Paisani, Cibele Marques da Silva, Desiderio Cano, Celso Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Age-related respiratory changes results from decreased compliance of the lung and the chest wall as well as weakness of the respiratory muscles; however, the impact of these changes in the thoracoabdominal mechanics remains poorly studied. Objective: To assess chest wall volumes and inspiratory muscular activity in elderly compared with adults. Methods: Sixty five elderlies (32 males, 70±7yrs, 24.7±4.3Kg/m2) and 71 adults (23 males, 45±5yrs, 25.5±5.3Kg/m2), with normal lung function were evaluated. All patients performed quiet and deep breathing during thoracoabdominal kinematics analysis (optoelectronic plethysmography) measured simultaneously with muscular activity of the sternocleidomastoid and superior and inferior intercostal muscles (electromyography). One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: During quiet breathing, no difference was observed in the thoracoabdominal volumes and muscular activity between elderlies and adults. During deep breathing, elderly presented a lower upper ribcage volume compared to adults (respectively, 470±190mL vs. 550 ±220mL; p
Peroxidase Activity and Iodide Uptake in Hormone-Responsive and Hormone-Independent GR Mouse Mammary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C R Lyttle, S M Thorpe, E R DeSombre, J L Daehnfeldt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Transplanted mammary tumors growing in the inbred GR/AFlb mouse were assayed for peroxidase activity and ability to concentrate injected 125l. Both tumor peroxidase activity and iodide uptake were about ten times greater in the hormoneresponsive (HR) tumors than in the hormone-independent tumors. However, although peroxidases are known for their ability to participate in the iodination of proteins, over 90% of the radioactive iodine found in the tumors was shown to be free iodide. This finding suggests that these two parameters may be independent of each other, but both are higher in HR tumors.
Activity of the new quinolone WCK 771 against pneumococci
Authors: P.C. Appelbaum, G.A. Pankuch, B. Bozdogan, G. Lin, M.R. Jacobs, M.V. Patel, S.V. Gupte, M.A. Jafri, N. J. De Souza, H.F. Khorakiwala
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Change blindness, Gibson, and the sensorimotor theory of vision
Authors: Brian J. Scholl, Daniel J. Simons
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We suggest that the sensorimotor “theory” of vision is really an unstructured collection of separate ideas, and that much of the evidence cited in its favor at best supports only a subset of these ideas. As an example, we note that work on change blindness does not “vindicate” (or even speak to) much of the sensorimotor framework. Moreover, the ideas themselves are not always internally consistent. Finally, the proposed framework draws on ideas initially espoused by James Gibson, but does little to differentiate itself from those earlier views. For even part of this framework to become testable, it must specify which sources of evidence can support or contradict each of the component hypotheses.
Nonspecific Inhibition of Tumor Growth in the Central Nervous System: Observations of Intracerebral Ependymoblastoma in Mice With Chronic Toxoplasma Infection2
Authors: Frances K. Conley, Jack S. Remington
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Nonspecific Inhibition of Tumor Growth in the Central Nervous System: Observations of Intracerebral Ependymoblastoma in Mice With Chronic Toxoplasma Infection Get access Frances K. Conley, Frances K. Conley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack S. Remington Jack S. Remington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 963–973, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.963 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 28 December 1976 Accepted: 29 March 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Hartmann's Procedure: An Appraisal
Authors: R J Whiston, N C Armitage, D Wilcox, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

Ninety-seven patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between 1981 and 1986 at the University Hospital, Nottingham. Sixty-one (63%) required this operation as an emergency procedure. There was an overall mortality of 22% and the morbidity rate was 56%. Infective and cardiovascular problems accounted for 77% of all complications encountered reflecting the age and underlying condition of the patients requiring this procedure. Thirty patients had successful restoration of intestinal continuity, the majority of these having their original procedure performed as an emergency for benign disease. There were no immediate postoperative deaths from reanastomosis and few short- or long-term anastomotic problems, however there was again considerable postoperative morbidity.