tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with malignant gliomas.
Authors: P A Forsyth, E Petrov, H Mahallati, J G Cairncross, P Brasher, M E MacRae, N A Hagen, P Barnes, R J Sevick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE We studied the natural history of postoperative enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) scans in patients with malignant glioma to determine the following: (1) when a postoperative MR scan most accurately shows residual enhancing tumor; and (2) whether repeated doses of the contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) were well tolerated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with malignant glioma underwent tumor resection; four (24%) had nonenhancing tumors preoperatively. Serial MR scans were performed on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The evolution of enhancement and subacute hemorrhage were described and measured. A uniform schedule of postoperative dexamethasone administration was used in all but four patients (24%) (each required higher doses to maintain neurologic function). RESULTS Nontumoral, marginal (i.e., postsurgical) enhancement, potentially mimicking residual tumor, developed in eight patients (53%), including tumors that were nonenhancing preoperatively, and was maximal from days 5 to 14. Tumor enhancement was optimally visualized on postoperative days 3 to 5. Nine of 10 patients (90%) with gross residual enhancing tumor showed an increase of enhancing tumor size during the study. Methemoglobin was detected at some time in all patients (100%) and was usually minor, but in six (35%) it interfered with residual tumor assessment. The 97 doses of Gd-DTPA, administered in 17 patients, were well tolerated. CONCLUSION When accurate assessment of residual enhancing tumor is needed in patients with malignant glioma, an MR scan performed on postoperative days 3 to 5 should minimize the confounding effects of postsurgical enhancement and methemoglobin. The repeated administration of Gd-DTPA over several weeks is well tolerated.
Effect of fissure integrity on the efficacy of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction therapy using a peripheral acting tissue sealant in patients with advanced upper lobe predominant emphysema
Authors: Helgo Magnussen, Anne-Marie Kirsten, Felix Herth, Ralf Eberhardt, Franz Stanzel, Reiner Bonnet, Juergen Behr, Mordechai Kramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective(s): Results from the VENT Study (Sciurba F et al, NEJM 2010) indicate that endobronchial valve therapy is most effective in patients with upper lobe predominant heterogeneous (ULP) emphysema who have intact fissures. This study examines how fissure integrity affects the response to endobronchial volume reduction performed with the AeriSeal Emphysematous Lung Sealant System (ELS), a peripheral-acting tissue sealant.

Methods: Lung volumes, tissue density, and disease heterogeneity were assessed by CT scanning in 27 patients (age 62.6±7.5 yrs, 19 male) with advanced ULP emphysema before and after ELS therapy. Post-treatment changes in lobar and total lung volumes were correlated with fissure integrity and with physiological, functional and quality of life outcomes out to 6 months.

Results: ELS therapy reduced lobar volumes independent of fissure integrity. In ULP patients treated on the side of a complete fissure (n=12), lobar volume reduction was 530±323 mL, vs 406±330 mL on the side of an incomplete fissure (n=15; p=0.304). Improvements in pulmonary function (Complete vs Incomplete: ΔFEV1 = +8.5% vs 8.9%), functional capacity (ΔMRCD = -1.1U vs -0.5U; Δ6MWD = +43.3m vs +41.0m), and quality of life (ΔSGRQ = -6.0U vs -7.9U) were similar in ULP patients with and without complete fissures although overall reductions in RV/TLC (ΔRV/TLC = -6.7% vs -1.8%) were greater in those with complete fissures.

Conclusions: Fissure integrity had minimal impact on the overall response to endobronchial lung volume reduction therapy performed using ELS in patients with advanced ULP emphysema.
Assessing Housestaff Diagnostic Skills Using a Cardiology Patient Simulator
Authors: E. William St. Clair, Eugene Z. Oddone, R. A. Waugh, G. Ralph Corey, John R. Feussner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To assess the cardiovascular physical examination skills of internal medicine housestaff. Design: Cross-sectional assessment of housestaff performance on three valvular abnormality simulations conducted on the cardiology patient simulator, "Harvey." Evaluations were done at the beginning (session I) and end (session II) of the academic year. Setting: Duke University Medical Center internal medicine training program. Subjects: Sixty-three (59%) of 107 eligible internal medicine housestaff (postgraduate years 1 through 3) agreed to participate and completed session I; 60 (95%) completed session II. Measurements: All volunteers were tested on three preprogrammed simulations (mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and aortic regurgitation). Results: The overall correct response rates for all housestaff were 52% for mitral regurgitation, 37% for mitral stenosis, and 54% for aortic regurgitation. No difference was noted in correct response rates between sessions I and II. For mitral regurgitation, correct assessment of the contour of the holosystolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (P = 0.002). For mitral stenosis, identification of an opening snap and proper characterization of the mitral area diastolic murmur predicted a correct diagnosis (P < 0.0001). No individual observations were noted for the aortic regurgitation simulation, whose identification by the housestaff was associated with a correct diagnosis. Conclusions: Housestaff had difficulty establishing a correct diagnosis for simulations of three common valvular heart diseases. Accurate recognition of a few "key" observations was associated with a correct diagnosis in two of the three diseases. Teaching housestaff to elicit and interpret a few critical signs accurately may improve their physical diagnosis abilities.
The Arc of Health Literacy
Authors: Howard K. Koh, Rima E. Rudd
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of a new meropenem–EDTA double-ended Etest strip for the detection of the CfiA metallo-β-lactamase in clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis
Authors: P Bogaerts, A Engelhardt, C Berhin, L Bylund, P Ho, A Yusof, Y Glupczynski
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Alterations in immunocompetence during stress, bereavement, and depression: focus on neuroendocrine regulation
Authors: Joseph R. Calabrese, Mitchel A. Kling, Philip W. Gold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

There is now clear evidence that stress, bereavement, and depression can compromise specific components of the immunologic apparatus. The first part of this paper gives an overview of fundamental immunology and is followed by a review of the patterns, possible causes, and potential clinical implications of abnormal immunoregulation. After a discussion of the immunomodulating properties of glucocorticoids, the authors conclude with an overview of the many factors that mediate the complex interdependence between immunologic function, the brain, and neuroendocrine regulation.
Sublingual allergen immunotherapy in <scp>HIV</scp>‐positive patients
Authors: E. Iemoli, L. Borgonovo, A. Fusi, C. Magni, E. D. Ricci, G. Rizzardini, S. Piconi
Journal: Allergy (2015)

HIV infection is a relative contraindication for allergic immunotherapy (AIT). In the last decade, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the immune function and life expectancy in HIV-infected patients whose respiratory allergic incidence is similar to the general population. We evaluated the safety and clinical effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy in a group of grass pollen-allergic HAART-treated HIV-positive patients. Thirteen patients received sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablet (Oralair, Stallergenes©) and symptomatic therapy and were compared with nine patients receiving symptomatic therapy alone. Clinical benefits were evaluated by the analysis of total combined score (TCS), sum of symptom-medication score, and a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. HIV viral load and peripheral TCD4 lymphocytes were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Clinical efficacy data showed a significant improvement in SLIT-treated patients compared to controls (TCS: P = 0.0001; QoL: P = 0.03). We did not observe any significant alteration of TCD4 cell counts and viral load (VL) in both groups. Our preliminary data showed that SLIT therapy in viro-immunological controlled HAART treated HIV positive patients was efficacious, safe and well tolerated.
Effects of cetuximab on chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of docetaxel resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/docetaxel
Authors: L. Chen, F. Cao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22193 Background: Cetuximab (C225), an anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibody has been used in treatment of advanced head-neck cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer. The effect of C225 on human lung adenocarcinoma cell resistant to chemotherapy is to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigate the modulating effects of C225 on the chemosensitivity and radiosensiticity in a docetaxel resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/docetaxel. Methods: Radiosensitivity was determined by clone formation experiment and quantified by calculating the enhancement ratio (ER). The growth inhibition of SPC-A-1/docetaxel cell line caused by C225 or combination of C225 and docetaxel in different sequence was detected by MTT assays. The effects on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis caused by C225 alone were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Immunohistochemistry showed a high level of EGFR expression in SPC-A-1/docetaxel cell line. C225 plus radiation significantly decreased the number of the cell clones than radiation alone. D0 calculated from the dose-response curve for radiation combined with C225 and radiation alone were 1.73 Gy and 2.39 Gy respectively. The enhancement ratio was 1.38. C225 alone at concentrations up to 1000 μg/ml for 48 hours had neither cytotoxic nor cytostatic effect to SPC-A-1/docetaxel in vitro. C225 administration followed by docetaxel significant decreased the IC50 of docetaxel. Flow cytometry demonstrated that C225 exposure could induce apoptosis in a time-dependent manner in SPC-A-1/docetaxel. The cell had an increase in the G0/G1 fraction from 43.80±4.46% to 60.50±6.57% after a 24-hour C225 exposure. Conclusions: C225 could enhance the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of the docetaxel resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/docetacel, which may be associated with apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Novel Haplotype on GCH1 Gene, Encoding GTP Cyclohydrolase 1, Regulates Vascular Biopterin Synthesis, eNOS Coupling and Vascular Redox in Human Vessels
Authors: Charalambos Antoniades, Cheerag Shirodaria, Thomasz Guzik, Tim Van-Assche, Ravi Pillai, Jorn Lotsch, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Irmgard Tegeder, Keith M Channon
Journal: Circulation (2008)
The psychosocial impact of food allergy and food hypersensitivity in children, adolescents and their families: a review
Authors: A. J. Cummings, R. C. Knibb, R. M. King, J. S. Lucas
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Cummings AJ, Knibb RC, King RM, Lucas JS. The psychosocial impact of food allergy and food hypersensitivity in children, adolescents and their families: a review. Allergy 2010; 65 : 933–945. Abstract Food allergy affects 6% of children but there is no cure, and strict avoidance of index allergens along with immediate access to rescue medication is the current best management. With specialist care, morbidity from food allergy in children is generally low, and mortality is very rare. However, there is strong evidence that food allergy and food hypersensitivity has an impact on psychological distress and on the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents, as well as their families. Until recently, the measurement of QoL in allergic children has proved difficult because of the lack of investigative tools available. New instruments for assessing QoL in food allergic children have recently been developed and validated, which should provide further insights into the problems these children encounter and will enable us to measure the effects of interventions in patients. This review examines the published impact of food allergy on affected children, adolescents and their families. It considers influences such as gender, age, disease severity, co‐existing allergies and external influences, and examines how these may impact on allergy‐related QoL and psychological distress including anxiety and depression. Implications of the impact are considered alongside avenues for future research.
Development of a self-care sheet to improve patients' understanding of COPD
Authors: Lisa Miller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and aims

Patients with COPD are encouraged to understand their illness and develop self-management skills. However, patient information material is often too detailed or not freely available. An easy-to-read self-care sheet was developed for staff working in general practice or the community. Aims of the self-care sheet were to increase patients’ understanding of COPD and improve self-management behaviour. Data obtained during its development are presented.

Methods

Twenty-five patients with COPD were administered a baseline questionnaire followed by a second questionnaire after receiving the self-care sheet. In the baseline questionnaire patients were asked questions including whether they had ever received written information about their condition, and whether they would find a self-care sheet useful. The second questionnaire assessed the usefulness of the self-care sheet and whether it helped patients changing their behaviour.

Results

In the baseline questionnaire, 64% of patients reported that they would find a self-care sheet very useful; 20% answered that they would find it of some use while 16% answered that they would not find it useful as they were already well informed. In the second questionnaire 80% of patients indicated that the provided self-care sheet helped them understanding their condition and 40% reported that they were able to make a change in their behaviour.

Conclusions

Patients with COPD need to be better informed about their condition. A self-care sheet providing basic information could improve their understanding of the disease and increase self-management behaviour.
Identification of conserved C2H2 zinc-finger gene families in the Bilateria
Authors: Robert D Knight, Sebastian M Shimeld
Journal: Genome biology (2001)

Identification of orthologous relationships between genes from widely divergent taxa allows partial reconstruction of the gene complement of ancestral genomes. C2H2 zinc-finger genes are one of the largest and most complex gene superfamilies in metazoan genomes, with hundreds of members in the human genome. Here we analyze C2H2 zinc-finger genes from three taxa - Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and human - from which near-complete genome sequence data are available.Our analyses conclusively identify 39 families of genes, of which 38 can be defined as orthology groups in that they are descended from single ancestral genes in the common ancestor of Drosophila, C. elegans and humans.On the basis of current metazoan phylogeny, these 39 groups represent the minimum complement of C2H2 zinc-finger genes present in the genome of the bilaterian common ancestor.
Association Between Alzheimer Dementia Mortality Rate and Altitude in California Counties
Authors: Stephen Thielke, Christopher G. Slatore, William A. Banks
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Between Alzheimer Dementia Mortality Rate and Altitude in California Countiesa The coefficient represents the change in the dementia-related death rate (per 100 000) for each doubling in altitude.A negative coefficient indicates lower rates at higher altitudes.b Sociodemographic variables are percentage female, percentage with college education, average income, and percentage white, black, Hispanic, and Asian.jamapsychiatry.com
Phase I study of everolimus in combination with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Authors: R. S. Finn, R. T. P. Poon, T. Yau, H. Klumpen, L. Chen, Y. Kang, T. Kim, C. Gomez-Martin, C. Rodriguez-Lope, T. Kunz, T. Paquet, K. Asubonteng, R. E. Winkler, O. Anak, D. B. Sellami, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4074 Background: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, a key regulator of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, has emerged as a contributor to hepatocarcinogenesis. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, exhibits antineoplastic activity in preclinical and experimental models of HCC. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase (including Raf) inhibitor, is the only targeted therapy demonstrating a survival benefit and approved for first-line treatment in patients with unresectable HCC. Enhanced efficacy may be achieved through dual inhibition of key signaling pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of everolimus in combination with 400 mg bid of sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: In this phase I study (NCT00828594) patients ≥18 years of age with measurable, previously untreated, BCLC Stage B or C HCC and ECOG score of 0-1, Child-Pugh's A (5-6 points) received escalating doses of everolimus starting at 2.5 mg qd + sorafenib 400 mg bid for 28 days. Primary endpoint was MTD. Results: Thirty patients with advanced HCC were enrolled (everolimus 2.5 mg qd, n=16; everolimus 5 mg qd, n=14). Most patients were Asian (73%) and HBsAg positive (63%), with BCLC Stage C HCC (93%). Dose escalation above 5 mg qd was not achieved. Dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 AST elevation (n=1) in the 2.5 mg group and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (n= 5) and hyperbilirubinemia (n=1) in the 5.0 mg group. Drug-related AE rates leading to dose reductions (42.9% vs 0%) and interruptions (71.4% vs 37.5%) were more common in the 5 mg cohort than the 2.5 mg group. Everolimus pharmacokinetics in this population were dose proportional and comparable to that previously reported for monotherapy in non-HCC patients. Disease stabilization occurred in 10 (62.5%) patients and 5 (35.7%) in the 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg groups, respectively. Median time to progression was 3.5 and 3.6 months in the 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg groups, respectively. Conclusions: The MTD of everolimus in combination with sorafenib 400 mg bid was 2.5 mg qd in this population. The inability to achieve what is deemed a biologically effective dose of everolimus in combination with sorafenib will preclude progression to phase II in this study.
Conversion and reversion rates in serial examination in German healthcare worker with the interferon-gamma release assay
Authors: Anja Schablon, Roland Diel, Felix C. Ringshausen, Albert Nienhaus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Data concerning conversion and reversion rates in serial testing of healthcare workers (HCWs) is rare. There is no consensus to date on how to define and interpret IGRA conversions and reversions. We, therefore analyzed conversion and reversion rates when conducting serial testing of HCWs.   Methods:  The study population comprises 426 HCWs from German hospitals, all of whom participated in routine occupational safety and health tuberculosis (TB) screening between January 2007 and October 2010. The QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-Tube (QFT) assay was used. Different definitions for conversion und reversion were used and risk- related rates calculated.   Results:  The first and second QFTs were positive in 8.7% (n=37) of the HCWs, each. The highest conversion and reversion rates of 3.8% (n=16) and 43.4% (n=23) respectively were observed with the least stringent definition of negative to positive. An uncertainty zone of  0.7 IU/ml gave the lowest conversion rate of 0.6% and a reversion rate of 19.4%. With regarded to the different workplaces, we observed a conversion rate of 5.8% in the high risk group, of 4.1% in the moderate risk group and 1.4% in the low risk group from. The highest reversion rate was found in the low risk group (8.5%). However, the differences were not statistically significant.   Conclusion:  Our data suggests that HCWs working on wards with a high risk of TB-infection have higher rates of conversions compared to the low risk group and the use of an uncertainty zone of  0.7 IU/ml around the cut- off when conducting serial testing with the QFT.
Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Esther Helen Steveling, Caroline Newerla, Selina Dürr, Claudia Gerhards, Sabrina Maier, Christoph Stippich, Antje Welge-Lüssen, Stefanie Zogg, David Miedinger, Jörg Daniel Leuppi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Pathologic correlates of the upper airways have been rarely evaluated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  Aims: Assessment of objective and subjective impairment of the upper airways in COPD  Methods: Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses was performed in patients with COPD and evaluated using the Newman scoring system (>0 points considered abnormal). Nasal endoscopy was performed and scored according to Lund and Kennedy (>1 point considered abnormal). Rhinosinusitis related quality of life and symptoms were assessed with the Sino Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) (>12 points considered abnormal) and the SNOT-primary nasal symptoms score (SNOT-PNS). Spirometry was performed according to established guidelines. Patients were classified into COPD risk groups according to the GOLD guidelines of December 2011 considering symptoms, COPD stages 1-4 and exacerbations.  Results: We included 83 patients (35 women) with a mean age of 68 years (range: 44-90). 29 subjects (35%) were in COPD risk group A, 38 subjects (46%) in risk group B and 16 subjects (19%) in risk groups C and D. Abnormal CT scores were observable in 49 subjects (59%) and abnormal endoscopies were found in 51 subjects (61%). 51 subjects (61%) scored abnormal results in the SNOT-20. We found a positive correlation between the CT score and the SNOT-PNS (r=.22, p  Conclusion: Pathologic correlates of the upper airways were found in more than half of the patients with COPD.