tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Singapore Impaired Glucose Tolerance Follow-Up Study
Authors: Moh-Sim Wong, Ken Gu, Derrick Heng, Suok-Kai Chew, Loy-Soong Chew, E. Shyong Tai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To 1). document the change in glucose tolerance for subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) over time, 2). identify baseline factors associated with worsening of glucose tolerance, and 3). determine whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with IGT improved in tandem with glucose tolerance.Subjects with IGT and NGT (matched for age, sex, and ethnic group) were identified from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 1992. Subjects with IGT (297) and NGT (298) (65.0%) were reexamined in 2000. Glucose tolerance (assessed by 75-g oral glucose tolerance test), anthropometric data, serum lipids, blood pressure, and insulin resistance were determined at baseline and at the follow-up examination.For NGT subjects, 14.0% progressed to IGT and 4.3% to diabetes over 8 years. For IGT subjects, 41.4% reverted to NGT, 23.0% remained impaired glucose tolerant, and 35.1% developed diabetes. Obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, higher blood pressure, increased insulin resistance, and lower HDL cholesterol at baseline were associated with worsening of glucose tolerance in both IGT and NGT subjects. Those with IGT who reverted to NGT remained more obese and had higher blood pressure than those with NGT in both 1992 and 2000. However, serum triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance values in 2000 became indistinguishable from those of subjects who maintained NGT throughout the study period.Some, but not all, CVD risk factors associated with IGT and with the risk of future diabetes normalize when glucose tolerance normalizes. Continued surveillance and treatment in subjects with IGT, even after they revert to NGT, may be important in the prevention of CVD.
The Antiseptic Treatment of Hepatic Abscess
Authors: W. C. Maclean
Journal: BMJ (1879)

PRIVATE THOMAS DEBELL, 4th Hussars, aged 39, twenty years' ser- vice, of which seven were spent in India, was invalided from India, and admitted into the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, on May ioth, 1878.He had suffered from primary syphilis in I865, for which he was treated with iodide of potassium and mercurial fumigations.In I870, he had repeated mild attacks of ague at Meerut, followed by syphilitic rheumatism.In I87I, he was sixty-three days in hospital, according to the medical history sheet, for "Bright's disease, cause
Respiratory symptoms in elderly Chinese living in Hong Kong
Authors: CK Lai, SC Ho, J Lau, YK Yuen, SS Ho, CH Chan, J Woo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Respiratory diseases can cause considerable disability in the elderly because of their limited respiratory reserve as a result of ageing. We have investigated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in elderly Chinese in Hong Kong and compared these data with those in elderly Caucasian populations. Two thousand and thirty two (999 male and 1,033 female) subjects, selected by age-stratified random sampling from a register of Hong Kong residents aged 70 yrs and over were interviewed to complete a respiratory questionnaire. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured in 195 subjects. At least one respiratory symptom was reported by 56% of subjects. The most frequently reported symptoms were morning phlegm (26%), chronic cough with phlegm (10%) and wheeze in the past 12 months (8%). Of the self-reported diseases, the commonest was chronic bronchitis (7%), followed by asthma (5%), pulmonary tuberculosis (3%) and emphysema (2%). Of the 218 subjects with obstructive airway diseases, 128 (59%) had sought medical advice in the past 12 months. The most important determinants for respiratory symptoms and diseases were smoking and social class. Total serum IgE was significantly higher in current smokers than nonsmokers and also in those with chronic cough and phlegm than those without these complaints. Our study shows that respiratory ailments in Hong Kong elderly are as common as those reported in Sweden and the USA but less than those in England.
Equality in Medical Care under National Health Insurance in Montreal
Authors: Jack Siemiatycki, Lesley Richardson, Ivan Barry Pless
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In November 1974, four years after national health insurance in Canada had eliminated all out-of-pocket payment for physicians' services, we surveyed 1559 households in a socially heterogeneous area of Montreal to assess social-class differences in the use of physicians' services. When reported health status as well as age and sex were taken into account, the rates of physician visits during the two-week period preceding the survey were essentially the same in the low, middle, and high economic classes, thus confirming that disparity of access had been reduced. However, relative to other groups, the poor still made considerable use of hospital clinics and emergency rooms for primary care and more of their visits entailed prescriptions and physician-initiated requests to return. The latter observations may indicate that the poor, as compared with other groups consulted the doctor for more advanced conditions. Official statistics showed no increase in the workload of the average physician, although the number of physician visits per person per year had risen steadily. There was no evidence of abuse of "free" medical care by the poor.
Quick Reference to Internal Medicine: Outline Format
Authors: Bernard N. Brodoff
Journal: JAMA (1995)

As the title implies, this comprehensive, multiauthored text provides an indepth outline review of the entire field of internal medicine, diagnostic and therapeutic. There are 141 chapters, many of which are subdivided, and over 150 expert authors. In addition to a table of contents and index, there is a thumb index to "permit swifter location of key medical data" in 14 general sections devoted to general internal medicine, allergy and immunology, cardiology, pulmonary medicine, critical care and emergency medicine, infectious diseases, digestive diseases, hematology, oncology, nephrology, rheumatology, endocrinology, neurology, and geriatric medicine. The general sections are all well written and comprehensive in outline form, with numerous summation tables and, in some chapters, illustrative figures. The section on cardiology, for example, consists of 141 pages and 12 chapters devoted to the following topics: "Approach to the Patient With Cardiovascular Disease," "Diagnostic Methods," "Arrhythmias," "Congestive Heart Failure," "Valvular Heart Disease," "Coronary Artery
Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression
Authors: Tomoki Nakashima, Mikihito Hayashi, Takanobu Fukunaga, Kosaku Kurata, Masatsugu Oh-hora, Jian Q Feng, Lynda F Bonewald, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Anton Wutz, Erwin F Wagner, Josef M Penninger, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Platelet Function in Patients with High Platelet Counts
Authors: A. D. GINSBURG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Platelet function tests were done to ascertain whether they might have discriminatory significance in the differentiation of a myeloproliferative disorder from secondary thrombocytosis in a patient with an elevated platelet count. Amongst 14 subjects with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia, significant abnormalities of platelet aggregation were the rule, while defective aggregation was unusual in 16 subjects with secondary thrombocytosis. Measurements of the bleeding time and of platelet factor 3 activity were of some value, but significant overlap was noted. Platelet function in four of five subjects with chronic myeloid leukaemia was essentially normal.
Adjuvant arthritis in the rat: Distribution of fluorescent material after footpad injection of rhodamine-labelled tubercle bacilli
Authors: B. Vernon-Roberts, S. P. Liyanage, H. L. F. Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Adjuvant disease in the rat may represent a cell-mediated response to tuberculous material disseminated from the original injection site, but previous studies have provided only indirect evidence for this dissemination. In the present experiments tubercle bacilli labelled in vitro with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) were injected into a footpad as Freund's complete adjuvant. Serial studies showed two varieties of fluorescent material in the tissues (1) intracellular and extracellular intact and fragmented bacilli, and (2) amorphous intracellular material. Both types of material were identified in the injected foot and draining lymph nodes. Bacilli were also identified in the contralateral knee joint, peritoneum, pleura, lung, and liver, while amorphous material alone appeared in the spleen. The presence of intact bacilli was confirmed by positive Ziehl-Nielsen staining of the organisms, but the amorphous intracellular material did not stain positively by this method. The use of RITC-labelled organisms considerably reduced the severity of adjuvant disease. Most of the organisms identified in sites distant from the injected limb were not situated within foci of inflammation. Marked differences in processing of the tuberculous material (and lack of dissemination of intact bacilli) were noted when labelled organisms were injected in saline instead of in oil.
Human reovirus-like agent infection. Occurrence in adult contacts of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis
Authors: H. W. Kim
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Sixty-four adult family contacts of 61 young patients with gastroenteritis were included in a study for evidence of concurrent infection with the human reovirus-like agent (HRVLA) of infantile diarrhea. Evidence of infection was detected in 26 (41%) of the adult contacts. The HRVLA infection occurred significantly more often among adult contacts of pediatric patients infected with HRVLA (55%) than among contacts of young patients not infected with the agent (17%). Mild cases of gastroenteritis developed in only three of the contacts infected with HRVLA. (<i>JAMA</i>238:404-407, 1977)
THROMBOTIC OCCLUSION OF AORTA AS DEMONSTRATED BY TRANSLUMBAR AORTOGRAMS
Authors: Robert V. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Translumbar aortography is a relatively recent addition to the procedures available in the diagnostic armamentarium. The method was first adequately described by the Spanish urologist, Dos Santos,<sup>1</sup>and it has been proved a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of pathological renal conditions. Subsequent experience by urologists in this country<sup>2</sup>have led to perfections in the technique and to expansions in the usefulness of the method. Experience has also proved it to be a safe and uncomplicated procedure. Application to the diagnosis of aortic vascular disease has lagged considerably behind the development of the procedure for the diagnosis of pathological renal conditions. Leriche<sup>3</sup>has referred in his discussion of thrombotic occlusion of the aorta to the arteriograms performed by Dos Santos. The first report, however, to appear in this country relative to the utilization of this method for the specific diagnosis of aortic disease appeared in 1947, when
Rheology of the Hyperviscosity Syndromes.
Authors: Roe Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Rheology of the Hyperviscosity Syndromes.Roe Wells, M.D., F.A.C.P.Roe Wells, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-796_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHyperviscosity of blood may be due to any one of three basic causes—namely, hyperglobulinemia, polycythemia, or loss of red cell deformability. While all share the common denominator of flow retardation, the symptoms and signs of each are distinctly different. The rheologic basis for these differences were examined by the viscometry of whole blood and plasma and analysis of red cell deformation in patients of each category. Direct analyses of blood flow were made by still and cine photomicrography of the bulbar conjunctival vessels for the purpose of examining the cellular details of flow in the microvasculature. It is shown that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Roe Wells, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5 Page: 796-796 Keywords Blood cells Blood flow Blood plasma Hyperglobulinemia Plasma cells Polycythemia Signs and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Treated with an Electrostatic Dust Filter
Authors: Robert L. Jacobs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

A 60-year-old woman had had recurrent acute migratory pneumonias for 9 months. The results of an evaluation, which included tests for serum precipitins, a transbronchial biopsy, and a bronchial provocation, confirmed a diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by an Aspergillus species. The findings from gravity air cultures in the home showed a heavy infestation of mold. The installation of electrostatic dust filters in the return ducts of the central air conditioning system resulted in the lowering of mold colony counts to normal levels. This change in the environment enabled the patient to live at home without having the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or a need for medication. Thirty months after the electrostatic dust filters were installed, total mold colony counts were still normal, the patient remained free of the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and serum precipitins could no longer be demonstrated. The results of a bronchial challenge to Aspergillus species, however, remained positive; these positive results suggest that long-term memory immune mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and lessen the importance of precipitins in establishing a diagnosis. We report that electrostatic dust filters may be an effective treatment for patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis when avoidance of the causative antigen cannot be easily and rapidly achieved.
Extracranial Thrombotically Active Carotid Plaque as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Luigi Giusto Spagnoli, Alessandro Mauriello, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Stefano Fratoni, Elena Bonanno, Robert S. Schwartz, David G. Piepgras, Raimondo Pistolese, Arnaldo Ippoliti, David R. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Recent studies suggest that factors other than the degree of carotid stenosis are involved in ischemic stroke pathogenesis, especially modifications of plaque composition and related complications.To examine the role of carotid plaque rupture and thrombosis in ischemic stroke pathogenesis in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, excluding those with possible cardiac embolization or with severe stenosis of the circle of Willis.A total of 269 carotid plaques selected from an Interinstitutional Carotid Tissue Bank were studied by histology after surgical endarterectomy between January 1995 and December 2002. A total of 96 plaques were from patients with ipsilateral major stroke, 91 plaques from patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), and 82 plaques from patients without symptoms.Differences in the frequency of thrombosis, cap rupture, cap erosion, inflammatory infiltrate, and major cardiovascular risk factors between study groups.A thrombotically active carotid plaque associated with high inflammatory infiltrate was observed in 71 (74.0%) of 96 patients with ipsilateral major stroke (and in all 32 plaques from patients operated within 2 months of symptom onset) compared with 32 (35.2%) of 91 patients with TIA (P < .001) or 12 (14.6%) of 82 patients who were without symptoms (P < .001). In addition, a fresh thrombus was observed in 53.8% of patients with stroke operated 13 to 24 months after the cerebrovascular event. An acute thrombus was associated with cap rupture in 64 (90.1%) of 71 thrombosed plaques from patients with stroke and with cap erosion in the remaining 7 cases (9.9%). Ruptured plaques of patients affected by stroke were characterized by the presence of a more severe inflammatory infiltrate, constituted by monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocyte cells compared with that observed in the TIA and asymptomatic groups (P = .001). There was no significant difference between groups in major cardiovascular risk factors.These results demonstrate a major role of carotid thrombosis and inflammation in ischemic stroke in patients affected by carotid atherosclerotic disease.
ABC of poisoning. Sedative and hypnotic drugs.
Authors: C Byatt, G Volans
Journal: BMJ (1984)

D ensioned on death certificaes underIPdsoning. OPCS mortt SudlistsMost patients admitted to hospital with acute poisoning have taken sedative or hypnotic drugs, so every doctor needs to be aware of the principles of management.The term "sedative and hypnotic drugs" encompasses several pharmacological groups, and clinical practice has established certain agents (or groups of agents) in such roles as anxiolytics, hypnotics, muscle relaxants, and anticonvulsants.Nevertheless, their actions overlap and, particularly in overdose, there are probably more similarities than differences.Historically ethanol, the chloral derivatives, barbiturates, glutethimide, methaqualone, and benzodiazepines have all enjoyed their vogue.Currently the benzodiazepines have replaced barbiturates as the "broad spectrum" agents of choice, and chloral derivatives are commonly used for the very young and old.Chlormethiazole and some of the phenothiazines are also advocated for sedation in the elderly; the antihistamine phenothiazines are widely used for sedation in children.
Extended-duration transdermal nicotine therapy was more effective than standard-duration therapy for smoking cessation
Authors: Tim Lancaster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club20 April 2010Extended-duration transdermal nicotine therapy was more effective than standard-duration therapy for smoking cessationTim Lancaster, MBBS, MSc, Lindsay Stead, MA, MScTim Lancaster, MBBS, MScOxford University, Oxford, England, UK (T.L., L.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Lindsay Stead, MA, MScOxford University, Oxford, England, UK (T.L., L.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSchnoll RA, Patterson F, Wileyto EP, et al. Effectiveness of extended-duration transdermal nicotine therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:144-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20124230Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000146. [PMID: 18253970] Google Scholar2 Tønnesen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, et al. Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: results from the European CEASE trial. Eur Respir J. 1999;13:238-46. [PMID: 10065662] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oxford University, Oxford, England, UK (T.L., L.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 April 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffectiveness of Smoking Cessation Using Motivational Interviewing in Patients Consulting a Pulmonologist 20 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 8Page: JC4-8KeywordsLactationNicotineNicotine replacement therapyNumber needed to harmNumber needed to treatPregnancyPulmonary medicineRandomized trialsSleepSmoking cessation ePublished: 20 April 2010 Issue Published: 20 April 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nocturnal Drip Feeding
Authors: F. A. Nash
Journal: BMJ (1947)

winding or writing) and indistinguishable from Osler's digital nodes.A similar complaint is seen in rheumatoid arthritis and in epidemic polyarthritis.' Chronic rheumatic carditis may pre- sent a transient bacteriaemia, splenomegaly, purpura (petechia, subuLngual splinter, and subconjunctival)9 and be confused with septic endocarditis, in 10% of which the blood culture is per- sistently negative."5Both may coexist."' The absolute diagnostic criteria of the latter are organic heart disease plus a persistently positive blood culture (non-specific) or infective emboli.Penicillin therapy would be diagnostic if curative:Chronic persistent rheumatic carditis in an adult has hitherto not been reported, but I have witnessed such a case resulting from the too early mobilization of an acute myocarditis prior to the disappearance of the abnormalities of the E.C.G.For the chronic as for the acute carditis complete bed rest is essen- tial.'0Comparison of the recent cardiac research in idiopathic rheumatoid arthritis with the usual sad course and prognosis of chronic rheumatic carditis demonstrates its validity.Of the 60--700,% iof the bedridden or inactive patients presenting in- flammatory heart disease post mortem less than 25 00 was detected clinically during their illness.'' ' The management of rheumatic fever is still a test of the skill of a physician.-Iam, etc., Dublin.
Cancer of the head and neck. Nasopharyngeal cancer. Pathologic classification and fine structure
Authors: D. J. Svoboda
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Many classifications of carcinoma of the nasopharynx have been proposed, but there is little agreement on an accurate but simple classification of these neoplasms. From examination of illustrations and descriptions published, it is evident that most of the disagreement involves the moderately to poorly differentiated tumors, and arises in part from variation and overlap in the histological pattern in different areas of a single tumor. Biopsies from the nasopharynx are often small fragments in which all histological patterns of a carcinoma may not be represented. In addition, there appears to be little uniformity among pathologists in the histological diagnosis of the less differentiated tumors. There is little dispute regarding pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, or adenoid cystic carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Similarly, well-differentiated epidermoid carcinomas containing keratin and intercellular bridges offer little difficulty in classification. The majority of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, however, are poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing tumors, and, though evidence
What is the benefit of coarse wheat bran in patients with irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: P A Cann, N W Read, C D Holdsworth
Journal: Gut (1984)

The effect of open treatment with coarse wheat bran was compared with response to placebo, given in the form of a double blind, cross over drug trial, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Both bran and placebo significantly reduced the severity of most of the symptoms. Constipation was the only symptom that improved significantly with bran, but not with placebo, and was the only symptom that predicted a successful outcome with bran. Diarrhoea did not improve with bran. In fact, stools became less formed in patients presenting with this symptom. The incidence of pain and urgency was significantly more frequent on bran compared with placebo. Compared with a baseline period, bran treatment resulted in an acceleration of whole gut transit time (p less than 0.05) increases in daily stool weight (p less than 0.01) and the proportion of unformed stools (p less than 0.01) but no change in stool frequency. Coarse wheat bran was no better than placebo for most symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, although its efficacy in constipation was confirmed.