tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disease-Stage Variance in Functional CD4+ T-Cell Responses Against Novel Pan-Human Leukocyte Antigen-D Region Presented Human Papillomavirus-16 E7 Epitopes
Authors: Dominic E. Warrino, Walter C. Olson, William T. Knapp, Meera I. Scarrow, Lori J. D’Ambrosio-Brennan, Richard S. Guido, Robert P. Edwards, W. Martin Kast, Walter J. Storkus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Given the anticipated clinical importance of helper and regulatory CD4+ T cells reactive against human papillomavirus-16 E7 in the cervical carcinoma setting, we performed this study to identify novel E7-derived T helper (Th) epitopes and to characterize functional anti-E7 Th responses in normal donors and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I-III or cervical cancer. Candidate pan-HLA-DR (D region) binding peptides were identified and synthesized based on results obtained using a predictive computer algorithm, then applied in short-term in vitro T-cell sensitization assays. Using IFN-γ/IL-5 (interleukin 5) enzyme-linked immunospot assays as readouts for Th1-type and Th2-type CD4+ T-cell responses, respectively, we identified three E7-derived T helper epitopes (E71–12, E748–62, and E762–75), two of which are novel. Normal donor CD4+ T cells failed to react against these E7 peptides, whereas patients with premalignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I-III lesions displayed preferential Th1-type responses against all three E7 epitopes. Th1-type responses were still observed to the E748–62 but not to the E71–12 and E762–75 peptides in cancer patients, where these latter two epitopes evoked Th2-type responses. Notably all responders to the E71–12 and E762–75 peptides expressed the HLA-DR4 or -DR15 alleles, whereas all responders to the E748–62 peptide failed to express the HLA-DR4 allele. Our results are consistent with a model in which cervical cancer progression is linked to an undesirable Th1- to Th2-type shift in functional CD4+ T cell responses to two novel E7-derived epitopes. These peptides may prove important in vaccines to promote and maintain protective Th1-type antihuman papillomavirus immunity and in the immune monitoring of treated patients harboring HPV-16+ malignancies.
Psychotherapy, Confidentiality, and Privileged Communication
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The concept of confidential communications is the medical profession's way of acknowledging that a physician "should not talk out of school"; the concept of privileged communications is the law's way of acknowledging that there are times when a patient should be able to impose medical secrecy on his physician. These concepts cannot be discussed separately. They are the two sides of a coin which concerns the information a physician obtains through professional contact with his patient. Most legal writers feel that a medical practice fails to meet the criteria usually used to determine whether a particular conversation should be protected by a privileged communications law. The authors of this volume tend to agree with this belief, but they argue that the practice of psychotherapy is different from the general practice of medicine. It has never been adequately shown that patients fail to consult psychiatrists in those states in which no
Winter Sports Hazards
Authors: Warren D. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article on snowmobile injuries (<b>209</b>:1672, 1969) by Chism and Soule evokes another facet of the problem which needs emphasis. This is the need for training in winter survival, winter first aid techniques, and hazard recognition. In Montana during the past winter, a man and his son died after their snowmobile fell through the ice on Yellowtail Reservoir. Another serious problem is avalanche hazard. The National Ski Patrol System has developed a slide lecture on avalanche hazard which members are happy to present at meetings of snowmobile organizations. Those of us who are experienced in ski touring are aghast at the potential problems posed by large numbers of untrained individuals in poor physical condition, many miles from assistance.
Malignant Melanoma in Husband and Wife
Authors: Mason G. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Familial incidence of malignant melanoma has been rarely commented on in the literature." Cawley<sup>1</sup>reported its occurrence in a father, son, and daughter. Anderson<sup>2</sup>added 22 examples to 63 cases previously reported. Bowen<sup>3</sup>reported two successive generations suffering from malignant melanoma of the eye. Petersen<sup>4</sup>in a review of 220 cases noted that a familial history was very rare and cited only two examples in his series, one in a father and daughter and the other one in a brother and sister. We are not aware of reference to its contemporaneous occurrence in a husband and wife. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> The wife, aged 41 years, the mother of six children, one of whom was partially blind from congenital bilateral glaucoma, had a malignant mole removed from her right lower leg in August 1967. The mole had been removed at the insistence of her husband
Connexin43 Mutation Causes Heterogeneous Gap Junction Loss and Sudden Infant Death
Authors: David W. Van Norstrand, Angeliki Asimaki, Clio Rubinos, Elena Dolmatova, Miduturu Srinivas, David J. Tester, Jeffrey E. Saffitz, Heather S. Duffy, Michael J. Ackerman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

An estimated 10% to 15% of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases may stem from channelopathy-mediated lethal arrhythmias. Loss of the GJA1-encoded gap junction channel protein connexin43 is known to underlie formation of lethal arrhythmias. GJA1 mutations have been associated with cardiac diseases, including atrial fibrillation. Therefore, GJA1 is a plausible candidate gene for premature sudden death.GJA1 open reading frame mutational analysis was performed with polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and direct DNA sequencing on DNA from 292 SIDS cases. Immunofluorescence and dual whole-cell patch-clamp studies were performed to determine the functionality of mutant gap junctions. Immunostaining for gap junction proteins was performed on SIDS-associated paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue. Two rare, novel missense mutations, E42K and S272P, were detected in 2 of 292 SIDS cases, a 2-month-old white boy and a 3-month-old white girl, respectively. Analysis of the E42K victim's parental DNA demonstrated a de novo mutation. Both mutations involved highly conserved residues and were absent in >1000 ethnically matched reference alleles. Immunofluorescence demonstrated no trafficking abnormalities for either mutation, and S272P demonstrated wild-type junctional conductance. However, junctional conductance measurements for the E42K mutation demonstrated a loss of function not rescued by wild type. Moreover, the E42K victim's cardiac tissue demonstrated a mosaic immunostaining pattern for connexin43 protein.This study provides the first molecular and functional evidence implicating a GJA1 mutation as a novel pathogenic substrate for SIDS. E42K-connexin43 demonstrated a trafficking-independent reduction in junctional coupling in vitro and a mosaic pattern of mutational DNA distribution in deceased cardiac tissue, suggesting a novel mechanism of connexin43-associated sudden death.
Chiropractors: clarifying the issues
Authors: R. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It is quite remarkable that scientists should expect themselves to become exempted from the laws of the land for publishing defamatory comments, be they about an individual or an organisation. Having mustered an army of supporters, including Evan Harris,1 Simon Singh has redefined the battle as one of free speech and the stifling of scientific debate.2 It is nothing of the sort.

The British Chiropractic Association (BCA) neither wished nor intended this matter to end up in the courtroom. When Dr Singh went on the offensive against the BCA and spoke of it promoting bogus treatments that had “not a jot” of evidence to support them,3 it was entirely understandable that the BCA should seek to have what were untrue and defamatory comments withdrawn in order to protect its reputation. It sought from Dr Singh a retraction of the allegations along with a public apology. Scientific debate could then have continued away from the law courts. However, despite receiving invitations to retract and apologise, Dr Singh refused to do either.

This case was never about enrichment; it was about fairly correcting libellous statements made about a respected national association representing more than half of the nation’s …
EXCELLENT OUTCOME AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF RENAL ALLOGRAFTS FROM HLA-DRw6-POSITIVE DONORS EVEN IN HLA-DR MISMATCHES
Authors: G.F.J. Hendriks, G.G. Persijn, Q. Lansbergen, J. D'Amaro, G.M.T. Schreuder, B. Cohen, J.J.Van Rood
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Effects of Sex on Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Venkatesh L. Murthy, Masanao Naya, Viviany R. Taqueti, Courtney R. Foster, Mariya Gaber, Jon Hainer, Sharmila Dorbala, Ron Blankstein, Ornella Rimoldi, Paolo G. Camici, Marcelo F. Di Carli
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a prevalent and prognostically important finding in patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease. The relative extent to which CMD affects both sexes is largely unknown.We investigated 405 men and 813 women who were referred for evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease with no previous history of coronary artery disease and no visual evidence of coronary artery disease on rest/stress positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Coronary flow reserve was quantified, and coronary flow reserve <2.0 was used to define the presence of CMD. Major adverse cardiac events, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, late revascularization, and hospitalization for heart failure, were assessed in a blinded fashion over a median follow-up of 1.3 years (interquartile range, 0.5-2.3 years). CMD was highly prevalent both in men and women (51% and 54%, respectively; Fisher exact test =0.39; equivalence P=0.0002). Regardless of sex, coronary flow reserve was a powerful incremental predictor of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.75-086] per 10% increase in coronary flow reserve; P<0.0001) and resulted in favorable net reclassification improvement (0.280 [95% confidence interval, 0.049-0.512]), after adjustment for clinical risk and ventricular function. In a subgroup (n=404; 307 women/97 men) without evidence of coronary artery calcification on gated computed tomography imaging, CMD was common in both sexes, despite normal stress perfusion imaging and no coronary artery calcification (44% of men versus 48% of women; Fisher exact test P=0.56; equivalence P=0.041).CMD is highly prevalent among at-risk individuals and is associated with adverse outcomes regardless of sex. The high prevalence of CMD in both sexes suggests that it may be a useful target for future therapeutic interventions.
Harnessing the Power of Default Options to Improve Health Care
Authors: Scott D. Halpern, Peter A. Ubel, David A. Asch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Decision makers sometimes face a default choice — the option that will be implemented if an alternative is not actively chosen. Health care quality can be improved by default options such as administering vaccinations to eligible hospitalized patients who do not decline them. The authors argue that these options should be set strategically and used to improve public health.
OC-036 Non-invasive Ventilation During Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Insertion In Motor Neurone Disease Patients – A Safe And Effective Multi-disciplinary Approach
Authors: MR Smith, A Matsou, N Nathani, R Cooney
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is recommended for motor neurone disease patients with dysphagia and accelerated weight loss. However PEG has been suggested as inadvisable in the past in patients with impaired respiratory function. Recent small studies have found satisfactory outcomes using non invasive ventilation (NIV) to assist PEG placement in this setting. We set up a service performing this technique for our region, and analysed our outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> 26 patients with motor neurone disease were included in the study from Nov 2011 – Oct 2013; 11 (42%) were external referrals. Patients had respiratory assessment prior to the procedure including sniff nasal pressures, arterial CO<sub>2</sub> measurement, overnight oximetry and spirometry as directed by our respiratory physician. A modified oro-nasal mask with a endoscopic port was fitted prior to the procedure and NIV initiated and controlled by the respiratory physician. The PEG (Freka PEG, Bad Homburg, Germany) was inserted under continuous NIV which continued until the patient was fully awake in recovery. Prophylactic antibiotics were given routinely. Demographic and technical data, complications and survival were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Median age at time of PEG was 68 yrs (range 43–92), male 42%. Mean BMI was 22 (range 16–33). 3 patients (12%) were receiving NIV prior to referral. Mean dose of midazolam was 1.4 mg (range 0–3.5). 2 patients had local anaesthetic spray as an alternative. PEG tube was successfully placed in 25 (96%) patients; in 1 the procedure had to be abandoned due to laryngospasm and hypoxia. Median observed follow up post-PEG insertion was 186 days (range 16–677). There was 1 death within 30 days of PEG placement, at day 16 due to pneumonia superimposed on type 2 respiratory failure. 19 patients died (73%) during follow up, all due to complications of the index disease, with median time to death 150 days (range 16–441). There were minor complications in 3 patients (12%) (2 PEG site infection treated successfully, 1 respiratory depression requiring flumazenil). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PEG placement can be safely and effectively achieved in MND patients with impaired respiratory function using non invasive ventilatory support. This offers a viable alternative to radiological or surgical techniques in these patients. We advocate a referral service for this specialised multi-specialty approach. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Addressing the Limitations of Structured Abstracts
Authors: Matthew Falagas, Pashalis I. Vergidis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters5 October 2004Addressing the Limitations of Structured AbstractsMatthew Falagas, MD, MSc and Pashalis I. Vergidis, MDMatthew Falagas, MD, MScFrom Alfa HealthCare, Marousi 15123, Athens, Greece.Search for more papers by this author and Pashalis I. Vergidis, MDFrom Alfa HealthCare, Marousi 15123, Athens, Greece.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We saw with satisfaction the recent introduction of a section on limitations in the structured abstracts in Annals(1). It is known that the great majority of readers of biomedical literature focus on the abstract without scrutinizing all sections of a paper (2). In addition, attention should be paid to the fact that most clinicians do not have enough research experience to fully understand the significance of a study's limitations. The inclusion of a “Limitations” section in structured abstracts will provide the deserved balance to the impression the “Conclusions” section usually makes on the reader. In fact, some ...References1. Addressing the limitations of structured abstracts. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:480. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Pitkin RM, Branagan MA, Burmeister LF. Accuracy of data in abstracts of published research articles. JAMA. 1999;281:1110-1. [PMID: 10188662] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Alfa HealthCare, Marousi 15123, Athens, Greece.Note: Dr. Falagas is also affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAddressing the Limitations of Structured AbstractsCorrection: Addressing the Limitations of Structured Abstracts Metrics Cited ByMisrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literatureQuality of abstracts in articles submitted to a scholarly journal: A mixed methods case study of the journal Research in the SchoolsCorrection: Addressing the Limitations of Structured Abstracts 5 October 2004Volume 141, Issue 7Page: 576-577 ePublished: 5 October 2004 Issue Published: 5 October 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Leptin is required for fibrogenic responses induced by thioacetamide in the murine liver
Authors: Hajime Honda, Kenichi Ikejima, Miyoko Hirose, Mutsuko Yoshikawa, Tie Lang, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Tsuneo Kitamura, Yoshiyuki Takei, Nobuhiro Sato
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

In this study, we investigated hepatic fibrogenesis caused by long-term thioacetamide (TAA) administration in ob/ob mice, a naturally occurring leptin deficient animal. In the lean littermates, prominent hepatic fibrosis, as well as positive staining for α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was induced by treatment with TAA (200 μg/g, IP, 3 times per week) for 4 to 8 weeks as expected. In sharp contrast, almost no hepatic fibrosis developed in ob/ob mice given the equivalent doses of TAA, where specific staining for α-SMA barely was detected. Induction of α1(I) procollagen mRNA caused by TAA also was prevented in ob/ob mice almost completely. Further, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) mRNA was increased in the liver after TAA treatment for 4 weeks in lean littermates, which also was prevented in ob/ob mice. Interestingly, fibrotic septa in the hepatic lobules, as well as increases in α1(I) procollagen mRNA, was observed in ob/ob mice, when they were injected with recombinant murine leptin (1 μg/g daily) in combination with TAA treatment. Leptin per se did not cause any fibrotic changes in the liver in ob/ob mice. These findings clearly indicated that leptin deficiency is responsible for the resistance to TAA-induced profibrogenic responses in ob/ob mice. In conclusion, leptin appears to promote profibrogenic responses in the liver, in part, by up-regulation of TGF-β.
A review of routine tests for respiratory viruses in hospital inpatients.
Authors: N C Oswald, M C Jones, S J Yealland
Journal: Thorax (1975)

During the period June 1967 to May 1972, viral tests were performed upon 1195 inpatients aged 12 and over in the Brompton Hospital. The overall diagnostic rate was 21-5%, comparing 9-3% by isolation and 14-9% by complement fixation (6-5% by four-fold rises in titre in paired sera, 8-4% by titres larger than or equal to 160 in single sera). Only 42% of all patients had an acute respiratory illness within one week prior to admission, which seriously curtailed the chances of isolating viruses and of obtaining early serological specimens. The value of complement fixation tests on single specimens in the clinical management of patients is discussed. The profound effect of infections by influenza A on respiratory morbidity and hospital admission is stressed.
Financing a Small Community Mental Health Clinic
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Financing a small independent community mental health clinic has applications to other clinics as well as influencing future trends in the economics of medicine. Though the experience is limited to one clinic, it can be considered representative, since the clinic is in a suburban-rural county adjoining a large city, an area of rapid population growth and social change. The clinic offers psychiatric, outpatient service to a population of 107,000 people. At present there are two psychiatric teams operating at the clinic, made up of two part-time psychiatrists (averaging 11/4 days per week each), two half-time psychologists, two full-time social workers, and three clerical workers. It also has the able support of dedicated volunteers and a strong board of directors. The clinic originated in 1959 through the plans of the local community council. Coincidentally, the state government established matching funds for local clinics to compensate for an increasing shift of state
A Nodular Protuberance on the Hard Palate
Authors: Barry Ladizinski, Kachiu C. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Actin and Myosin Filaments of Human and Bovine Blood Platelets
Authors: Dorothea Zucker-Franklin, George Grusky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The contractility of platelets has been attributed to an actomyosin-like protein which has been well defined on a physicochemical basis. Moreover, platelets contain ±80 A filaments which resemble actin filaments in smooth muscle. Studies were undertaken on human and bovine platelets to better define the morphologic structures which may subserve this contractile function. In order to identify actin, the ability of the filaments to react with heavy meromyosin (HMM) was tested. Accordingly, platelets were glycerinated and treated with HMM. In addition, platelet actin was extracted, reacted with HMM, and examined by negative staining. In both instances typical arrowhead structures with clearly defined polarity and a periodicity of ±360 A formed. As is the case with purified muscle actin, the complexes were dissociable with Mg-ATP. The formation of myosin-like filaments was observed when osmotically shocked platelets were incubated with MgCl2 and excess ATP. These “thick” filaments measured 250-300 A in width, tapered at both ends and often occurred in clumps. They resembled aggregates of thick filaments described in contracted smooth muscle. Extraction of platelets by methods suitable for the demonstration of myosin showed filaments with an average length of 0.3 μ, a smooth shaft, and frayed or bulbous ends. These appeared identical to those seen in synthetically prepared myosin of striated muscle. It is suggested that the filaments described here represent the actin and myosin of platelets.