tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) supported by telemedicine improves sleepiness and quality of life but not blood pressure in high cardiovascular risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Monique Mendelson, Isabelle Vivodtzev, Renaud Taminiser, David Laplaud, Sonia Dias-Domingos, Jean-Philippe Baguet, Laurent Moreau, Christian Koltes, Léonidas Chavez, Gilles De Lamberterie, Frédéric Herengt, Patrick Levy, Patrice Flore, Jean-Louis Pépin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale:  Correction of sleep apnea with CPAP induces only a modest reduction in blood pressure (BP) in patients compliant to therapy. Combined strategies are needed to increase objective CPAP use and improve BP control. We aimed at evaluating the effects of a combination between CPAP and a telemedicine intervention in reducing BP in high cardiovascular risk patients with OSA.   Methods and results:  107 OSA patients with a ten-year total cardiovascular mortality risk predicted by SCORE>5% or in secondary prevention (age: 63±9 years; BMI: 29.9±4.8 kg/m2; AHI: 39.0±16.7/h) were randomized to standard CPAP care versus CPAP plus telemedicine follow-up for 16 weeks. Telemedicine consisted of a smartphone allowing both to assess outcomes and to provide lifestyle counseling. The primary outcome was home self-measured BP. Secondary outcomes were physical activity objectively measured by actigraphy, CPAP adherence, subjective sleepiness and quality of life. Telemedicine associated with CPAP did not significantly improve self-measured BP, CPAP adherence or physical activity when compared with standard care whereas sleepiness and quality of life scores significantly improved in both arms. Patients in primary prevention showed greater benefit from CPAP in terms of BP reduction compared to those in secondary prevention.   Conclusion:  CPAP treatment even supported by telemedicine is not successful in reducing BP in high cardiovascular risk OSA patients. This study emphasizes the need for multi-modal interventions when prescribing CPAP.
Abstract 14463: The Role of Hmgb1 in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: H. Christian Volz, Cathrin Seidel, Danai Laohachewin, Felix Lasitschka, Marco E Bianchi, Angelika Bierhaus, Hugo A Katus, Martin Andrassy
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but also leads to cardiomyopathy. However, the etiology of the cardiac disease is unknown. Therefor...
The brain does not serve linguistic theory so easily
Authors: Willem J. M. Levelt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

It is a major move from the claim that the core linguistic problem in Broca's aphasia is the inability to deal with traces, to the claim that this is the syntactic operation only and that it is exclusively supported by Broca's region. Three arguments plead against this move. First, many Broca patients have no damage to Broca's area. Second, it is not only passive, but also active jabberwocky sentences that activate the frontal operculum in a judgment task. Third, the same area is involved in a phrase-building production task that does not require tense processing.
THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ABNORMAL RHYTHM WITH SLOW VENTRICULAR RATE IN CIRCULATORY FAILURE
Authors: William C. Cooke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Case Reports1 February 1936THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ABNORMAL RHYTHM WITH SLOW VENTRICULAR RATE IN CIRCULATORY FAILUREWILLIAM C. COOKE, M.D.WILLIAM C. COOKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-8-1143 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThat digitalis medication is often of little value in the treatment of circulatory failure in the presence of persistent sinus tachycardia is well recognized. Digitalis frequently does not slow a regularly beating heart. It has been known since Withering's introduction of the use of the drug that patients with auricular fibrillation respond particularly well to digitalis therapy, and it has been stated frequently1, 2, 3, 4, 5that auricular fibrillation in itself is often well tolerated and compatible with satisfactory cardiac function. That patients with circulatory failure may show marked clinical improvement following the development of auricular fibrillation or other...References1. WHITE PD: Heart disease, 1931, Macmillan Co., New York, p. 651. Google Scholar2. STROUDLAPLACEREISINGER WDLBJA: Etiology, prognosis and treatment of auricular fibrillation, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1932, clxxxiii, 48-60. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. WOLFFWHITE LPD: Auricular fibrillation; results of 7 years' experience with quinidine sulphate therapy (1921-1928), Arch. Int. Med., 1929, xliii, 653-675. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. NEWMANSPIRO WWH: Quinidine therapy in auricular fibrillation; evaluation based on its use over 6 year period, Calif. and West. Med., 1932, xxxvii, 19-25. Google Scholar5. KOHNLEVINE CMSA: An evaluation of use of quinidine sulphate in persistent auricular fibrillation, ANN. INT. MED., 1935, viii, 923-938. Google Scholar6. MEAKINS JC: The mechanism of heart failure. (In Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease, published by The American Heart Association, 1934, iii, No. 10.) Google Scholar7. WHITE PD: Ventricular escape with observations on cases showing a ventricular rate greater than that of the auricles, Arch. Int. Med., 1916, xviii, 244-249. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. HEWLETT AW: Case showing rapid ventricular rhythm with periods of auriculoventricular dissociation, Heart, 1923, x, 9-19. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Diego, California*Received for publication April 22, 1935. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHemodynamic effects of supraventricular arrhythmias 1 February 1936Volume 9, Issue 8Page: 1143-1148KeywordsAtrial fibrillationDrug therapyHeartTachycardia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 5550: SNPs in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A4 (UGT1A4) and multidrug resistant protein (MRP) and their influence on anastrozole metabolism and disposition
Authors: Vineetha Koroth Edavana, Rosalind Penney, Aiwei Yao- Borengasser, Lora Rogers, Ishwori Dhakal, Suzanne Williams, Susan Kadlubar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor (AI) used as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Anastrozole belongs to the non-steroidal triazole-derivative group of AIsand is predominantly metabolized by Phase I oxidation followed by other Phase II reactions, including glucuronidation. Anastrozole is also subject to direct glucuronidation catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A4 (UGT1A4). We have demonstrated a significant association between expression levels of the drug transporter genes MRP2 and MRP3 and anastrozole glucuronidation. We hypothesized that genetic variability in UGT1A4 and MRPs could influence anastrozole metabolism and disposition. Using normal human liver samples obtained from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network, we analyzed the correlation of UGT1A4, MRP2 and MRP3 mRNA and protein expression levels with anastrozole glucuronidation. UGT1A4 and MRP2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly correlated with anastrozole gucuronidation (p&amp;lt;0.05). Further, we examined the correlation of UGT1A4 and MRP2 SNPs with anastrozole glucuronidation. We observed a significant correlation (p&amp;lt;0.05) of UGT1A4 promoter SNPs (-163G&amp;gt;A, -217T&amp;gt;G, -219C&amp;gt;T) and MRP2 SNPs (3563T&amp;gt;A, 4430C&amp;gt;T and -24C&amp;gt;T) with anastrozole glucuronidation (Table 1). These data indicate that UGT1A4 and MRP2 SNPs could interact to influence anastrozole metabolism and disposition. Pharmacogenetic studies are needed to elucidate the role of UGT1A4 and MRP2 SNPs in the inter-individual variability in anastrozole metabolism and disposition, as well as the overall efficacy of anastrozole treatment. Table 1 SNPUGT_mRNAMRP2 mRNAMRP3 mRNAAna-gluc-Nm/uL/ugUGT1A4 -36(G/A)0.260.130.560.26UGT1A4 -163(G/A)&amp;lt;0.00010.030.64&amp;lt;0.0001UGT1A4-217(T/G)0.0180.0570.810.01UGT1A4-219(C/T)&amp;lt;0.00010.010.05&amp;lt;0.0001MRP2 3563(T/A)0.051&amp;lt;0.00010.030.033MRP2 4544(G/A)0.15&amp;lt;0.0010.720.14MRP2 1249(G/A)0.25&amp;lt;0.0110.430.34MRP2 2366(C/T)0.12&amp;lt;0.00010.180.14MRP2 4430(C/T)0.02&amp;lt;0.00020.0610.01MRP2 -24(C/T)0.01&amp;lt;0.00010.0010.02MRP3 -1767 (G/A)0.780.690.0010.93MRP3 -211 (C/T)0.860.55&amp;lt;0.00010.81 Citation Format: Vineetha Koroth Edavana, Rosalind Penney, Aiwei Yao- Borengasser, Lora Rogers, Ishwori Dhakal, Suzanne Williams, Susan Kadlubar. SNPs in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A4 (UGT1A4) and multidrug resistant protein (MRP) and their influence on anastrozole metabolism and disposition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5550. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5550
Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Natalie Collins, Kay Crossley, Elaine Beller, Ross Darnell, Thomas McPoil, Bill Vicenzino
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

To compare the clinical efficacy of foot orthoses in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome with flat inserts or physiotherapy, and to investigate the effectiveness of foot orthoses plus physiotherapy.Prospective, single blind, randomised clinical trial.Single centre trial within a community setting in Brisbane, Australia.179 participants (100 women) aged 18 to 40 years, with a clinical diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome of greater than six weeks' duration, who had no previous treatment with foot orthoses or physiotherapy in the preceding 12 months.Six weeks of physiotherapist intervention with off the shelf foot orthoses, flat inserts, multimodal physiotherapy (patellofemoral joint mobilisation, patellar taping, quadriceps muscle retraining, and education), or foot orthoses plus physiotherapy.Global improvement, severity of usual and worst pain over the preceding week, anterior knee pain scale, and functional index questionnaire measured at 6, 12, and 52 weeks.Foot orthoses produced improvement beyond that of flat inserts in the short term, notably at six weeks (relative risk reduction 0.66, 99% confidence interval 0.05 to 1.17; NNT 4 (99% confidence interval 2 to 51). No significant differences were found between foot orthoses and physiotherapy, or between physiotherapy and physiotherapy plus orthoses. All groups showed clinically meaningful improvements in primary outcomes over 52 weeks.While foot orthoses are superior to flat inserts according to participants' overall perception, they are similar to physiotherapy and do not improve outcomes when added to physiotherapy in the short term management of patellofemoral pain. Given the long term improvement observed in all treatment groups, general practitioners may seek to hasten recovery by prescribing prefabricated orthoses.Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012605000463673 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00118521.
Hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency
Authors: Anthony S. Pagliara, Irene E. Karl, James P. Keating, Barbara I. Brown, David M. Kipnis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

An 8-month-old female, maintained on breast feeding for 6 months, experienced numerous attacks of hyperventilation when weaned to baby food and was admitted with severe lactic acidosis (20 mM) and hypoglycemia. Physical examination was negative except for hepatomegaly. Fasting (18 hr) after stabilization on a high carbohydrate diet resulted in hypoglycemia (plasma glucose 40 mg/100 ml), lactic acidosis (6-10 mM), and a rise in plasma alanine. Glucagon produced a glycemic response after 6 hr, but not after 18 hr fasting. Intravenous galactose increased plasma glucose (Delta 45 mg/100 ml) but intravenous fructose, glycerol, and alanine caused a 40-50% fall in plasma glucose and a significant rise in lactate (Delta 3-4 mM). Liver biopsy showed fatty infiltration. Liver slices incubated with galactose, lactate, fructose, alanine, or glycerol converted only galactose to glucose. Hepatic glycolytic intermediates were increased below the level of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and decreased above. Hepatic phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, amylo-1,6-glucosidase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase levels were normal, but no fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) activity was detected. Further studies on the liver homogenate of this patient revealed the presence of an acid-precipitable activator of FDPase. Normal plasma glucose and lactate levels were maintained on an 800 cal diet of 66% carbohydrate (sucrose and fructose excluded). 5% protein, and 20% fat. When carbohydrate was reduced to 35% and protein or fat increased to 23 and 53% respectively, lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia recurred. These studies show that a deficiency of FDPase produced infantile lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia and can be controlled by an appropriate diet.
Abstract 15265: Exome-wide Association Study of the Human Metabolome in a Community-based Cohort
Authors: Eugene Rhee, Qiong Yang, Xuan Liu, Jennifer Ho, Susan Cheng, Clary Clish, Daniel Levy, Vasan Ramachandran, Thomas Wang, Christopher O’Donnell, Robert Gerszten
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Because metabolites are hypothesized to play key roles as markers and effectors of cardio-metabolic diseases, recent studies have sought to annotate the genetic determinants of circulating metabolite levels. We hypothesize that the study of low frequency and rare variants of potential functional significance will refine our understanding of the genetic determinants of human metabolism. Methods: We analyzed the association between 217 plasma metabolites and exome variants captured on the Illumina HumanExome Beadchip in 2,076 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants. Of the &gt;240,000 variants on the exome array, we restricted our analysis to the subset of 92,633 variants that were polymorphic and nonsynonymous, nonsense, or located in a splice site. We performed association analyses that relate each single variant to each metabolite, as well as gene-based burden tests that evaluate the aggregate effects of all variants within a gene. Statistical analyses accounted for number of SNPs or genes (for burden tests). Results: We identified a total of 15 gene-metabolite associations, nine from single variant analysis ( gene : metabolite): CTH (Cystathionine); BPIFA2 (Betaine); OR1F1 (Creatinine); TCF19 (Glycerol); GMPS (Xanthosine); SIGLEC6 (Creatine); ANKUB1 (Carnosine); KIAA1751 (Serotonin); MAP1A (TAG 58:6). (Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P &lt; 5.4 x 10 -7 for all). All but the ANKUB1findings are attributable to rare variants with MAF 0.01 or less. We identified six additional associations from burden tests, including three at established human disease loci: HAL (histidine); PAH (phenylalananine); UPB1 (ureidopropionate); TG (indole propionate); CDH5 (SM 22:1); PHLDB1 (LPE 18:0) (Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P &lt; 3.9 x10 -6 for all). Conclusion: Our findings highlight genes with a direct biochemical relationship with the given metabolite as well as unanticipated genetic effectors of select metabolites. We show how an examination of variants across the spectrum of allele frequency is able to identify independent association signals at select loci as well as generate a more integrated view of genetic determinants of metabolites.
Abstract P189: Acculturation Status is Associated with Selected Plasma Nutrient Biomarkers of Dietary Intake and CVD Risk in Adult Chinese Americans
Authors: Nirupa R Matthan, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Sarah L Booth, Sonia Suchday, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Alice H Lichtenstein
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The demographic changes anticipated in the U.S. over the next decade magnify the importance of addressing health disparities among minority populations. Chinese Americans are a fast growing minority subgroup, yet there is limited and inconsistent data on the impact of dietary acculturation and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in this population. This discrepancy could be related to the subjective nature of the assessment tools used to collect dietary data along with cultural/linguistic barriers to the implementation of these methods. We hypothesized that higher acculturation status will be associated with dietary patterns that more closely resemble the typical U.S. diet and subsequently with a higher risk of CVD in Chinese Americans (N=225). Dietary intake was evaluated using plasma concentrations of validated objective plasma nutrient biomarkers: phylloquinone for green leafy vegetables/vegetable oils and partially-hydrogenated fat; phospholipid concentrations of 15:0 and 20:4n-6 for dairy and meat, omega 3 for fish, trans (18:1n-9T, 18:1n-7T) for partially-hydrogenated fat; carotenoids for fruit and vegetables (F&amp;V) including carotene (green/yellow/orange F&amp;V), cryptoxanthin (orange/red F&amp;V), lutein/zeaxanthin (green leafy vegetables), lycopene (tomatoes, mainly from pizza and pasta sauce); and isoflavones (genistein, diadzein) for soy containing foods. The biomarker data was then correlated with acculturation status (assessed using the Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation scale) as well as the CVD risk factor data. Results (for all r values, p&lt;0.05) indicate that higher dominant culture identification was associated with higher 15:0, 18:1n-7T and lycopene intakes (r=0.11, r=0.14 and r=0.15, respectively), while higher ethnic culture identification was associated with higher plasma phylloquinone (r=0.12) and isoflavone (r=0.34) concentrations. With regard to CVD risk factors, plasma LDL-cholesterol was positively associated with 20:4n-6 (r=0.13) and inversely associated with lutein (r=-0.13) and zeaxanthin (r=-0.12) concentrations. Plasma triglyceride was positively associated with carotene (r=0.14); plasma insulin was also positively associated with carotene (r=0.15), lycopene (r=0.120 and 15:0 (r=0.11); while plasma glucose was positively associated with 18:1n-9T (r=0.16), 18:1n-7T (r=0.12) and zeaxanthin (r=0.20) concentrations. These results indicate that higher acculturation status is associated with dietary patterns that more closely resemble the typical U.S. diet, as reflected by higher concentrations of dietary biomarkers for meat, dairy and tomato based products and partially-hydrogenated fat intake; and lower fruit, vegetable and soy intake and subsequently an unfavorable CVD risk profile.
Communication Training Does Not Influence Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Amy Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapeutically Targetable ALK Mutations in Leukemia
Authors: Julia E. Maxson, Monika A. Davare, Samuel B. Luty, Christopher A. Eide, Bill H. Chang, Marc M. Loriaux, Cristina E. Tognon, Daniel Bottomly, Beth Wilmot, Shannon K. McWeeney, Brian J. Druker, Jeffrey W. Tyner
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Genome sequencing is revealing a vast mutational landscape in leukemia, offering new opportunities for treatment with targeted therapy. Here, we identify two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia whose tumors harbor point mutations in the ALK kinase. The mutations reside in the extracellular domain of ALK and are potently transforming in cytokine-independent cellular assays and primary mouse bone marrow colony formation studies. Strikingly, both mutations conferred sensitivity to ALK kinase inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug crizotinib. On the basis of our results, we propose that tumors harboring ALK mutations may be therapeutically tractable for personalized treatment of certain aggressive leukemias with ALK inhibitors. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2146–50. ©2015 AACR.
Pulmonary Effect of Amiodarone in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Steven N. Singh, Susan G. Fisher, Prakash C. Deedwania, Prashant Rohatgi, Bramah N. Singh, Ross D. Fletcher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary effects of amiodarone in patients with heart failure, in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in those undergoing a surgical procedure. Background. Amiodarone has been known to cause pulmonary complications, especially in those with COPD and in those undergoing a surgical procedure. Methods. Patients receiving vasodilator therapy for congestive heart failure were prospectively randomized to placebo or amiodarone at 800 mg/day for 14 days, 400 mg/day for 50 weeks and then 300 mg/day thereafter. Chest X-ray film and pulmonary function tests with diffuse capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were obtained at baseline and annually. The power to detect a 20% difference in DLCO at 1 year exceeded 90% in all patients and in those with COPD (two-sided alpha = 0.05). The sample allowed a 75% power to detect pulmonary complications (1% vs. 5%) between the two treatment groups. Results. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between patients randomized to amiodarone (n = 269) or placebo (n = 250). The DLCO measurements at randomization were 18.3 ± 6.9 and 17.7 ± 7.6 ml/min per mm Hg for the amiodarone and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.3). At 1 and 2 years, DLCO measurements were 17.7 ± 7.0 and 18.3 ± 7.7 ml/min per mm Hg for the amiodarone group and 17.9 ± 7.2 and 18.2 ± 7.2 for the placebo group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups, with corresponding p values of 0.73 and 0.96 at years 1 and 2, respectively. Among patients with COPD, DLCO measurements at randomization were 17.9 ± 6.7 and 15.8 ± 6.8 ml/min per mm Hg for the amiodarone and placebo groups, respectively. At years 1 and 2, DLCO measurements were 16.6 ± 7.8 and 17.8 ± 9.5 ml/min per mm Hg for the amiodarone group and 16.5 ± 6.6 and 16.3 ± 7.0 ml/min per mm Hg for the placebo group, with corresponding p values of 0.95 and 0.48, respectively. There was no difference in survival free of noncardiac or perioperative deaths between patients assigned to amiodarone or placebo. Pulmonary fibrosis was diagnosed in four patients (1.1%) treated with amiodarone and in three patients (0.8%) receiving placebo. Conclusions. Our study shows that amiodarone can be safely used, with an acceptable pulmonary toxicity, in patients with heart failure.