tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Ultrastructural Characteristics of a Series of Primary and Transplanted Plasma-Cell Tumors of the Mouse
Authors: Albert J. Dalton, Michael Potter, Ruth M. Merwin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Cells of 21 plasma-cell neoplasms were examined with the electron microscope. Of these, 17 were mouse tumors, 11 of which were tested in transplant and found to be associated with serum hyperglobulinemia. Six primary tumors were also examined, 3 of which were studied in transplant. In addition, 4 multiple myelomas in man were examined. For comparative purposes other neoplasms from the same strains of mice, including 3 tumors diagnosed as undifferentiated plasma-cell tumors and 6 as fibrosarcomas, as well as normal plasma cells from lymph nodes and lamina propia of the gut, were examined. The cells of the plasma-cell tumors presented ultrastructural features basically similar to those of their normal prototypes. These features included 1) a well-developed Golgi complex with associated bodies having the ultra-structural characteristics of secretory granules; 2) a highly developed ergastoplasm occupying the remainder of the cytoplasmic area beyond the Golgi zone. The neoplastic plasma cells differed from normal plasma cells at the ultra-structural level in 3 respects: 1) The neoplastic cells did not show the great variation in size of the cisternae of the ergastoplasm characteristic of a series of normal plasma cells. 2) The neoplastic cells contained many more ribosomes lying free in the cytoplasm than did normal plasma cells. 3) Cells of all the plasma-cell neoplasms contained particles with the ultra-structural morphology of viruses (type A of Bernhard). No particles were observed in normal plasma cells or in multiple myeloma cells from 4 humans. The particles were not considered oncogenic viruses responsible for the development of plasma-cell neoplasms. A full discussion of this point is given.
Human Growth after Birth.
Authors: David Cecil Sinclair
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

1. Human growth after birth Definition Major factors in controlling growth Molecular biology, genetics and growth Processes of growth Cell growth, division and the cell cycle Cell differentiation Regulation of cell populations Growth of the intercellular matrix Phases of growth Growth curves Mathematical models of growth 2. Growth in height and weight Growth curves and growth heights Prediction of adult height The merits of size Short stature and gigantism The problems of extreme size 3. Growth of tissues Connective tissues Body fat Skin Muscle and Tendon Nervous tissue Cartilage and Bone Body symmetry and asymmetry 4. Growth of systems Patterns of growth by system 5. Indices of Maturity Bone age Dental age Sexual age and puberty Age of menarche Estimation of chronological age from anatomical data Neural age Physiological age Late and early development 6. Changes in shape and posture The allometry equation Shape of the infant Changes in shape with growth Classification of physique Changes in posture with growth Drawbacks of the erect posture 7. Genetic and hormonal factors influencing growth and maturation Genetic control Neural control Growth hormones 8. Environmental factors influencing growth and maturation Environmental effects on the body Nutrition Altitude Secular trends Socio-economic class Disease Antenatal Seasonal Climate Exercise Emotional 9. Growth and repair Growth cycles: wear and tear Growth activity in the reproductive tract Repair of skin Repair of fractures Muscle Joints and tendons Other tissues and organs Nerves 10. Disturbance of growth General disturbances Achondroplasia Down's syndrome Other genetic deficiencies Pituitary dwarfism and growth hormone replacement Thyroid hormones Adrenal gland hormones Sex hormones Other hormones Constitutional delayed growth Determination of progress Local disturbances Congenital Hyperplasia, hypoplasia & hypertrophy Atrophy Malignancy and cancer 11. Old age Senescence Ageing of cells and tissues Degeration Changes in tissue matrix Ageing of systems Theories of ageing
Constitutive activation of transcription factor AP-1 in primary adult T-cell leukemia cells.
Authors: Naoki Mori, Masahiro Fujii, Kousuke Iwai, Shuichi Ikeda, Yoshihiro Yamasaki, Tomoko Hata, Yasuaki Yamada, Yuetsu Tanaka, Masao Tomonaga, Naoki Yamamoto
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 16714: Real-World Cost of All-Cause Hospitalizations Over a 12-Month Period After Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Andrew F Shorr, Stephen Johnston, Yonghua Jing, Robyn A Schaiff, Jeffrey Trocio, Erin Thomson, Paul Juneau, John Graham
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Recent clinical trial data have shown that newer oral anticoagulants may reduce all-cause hospitalizations in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who complete anticoagulation therapy for 6-12 months. To understand the potential cost implications of such hospitalization reductions, this study sought to quantify the real-world cost of all-cause hospitalizations over a 12-month period after acute VTE. This was a retrospective cohort study using U.S. health insurance claims data. Patients included in the study were aged ≥18 years, had experienced a non-fatal hospitalization or ED visit with a principal diagnosis of VTE between 1-Jan-2007 and 31-Mar-2013 (first visit=index) and had ≥1 claim for anticoagulation (warfarin, enoxaparin, rivaroxaban) or placement of an inferior vena cava filter ≤30 days after index. For up-to one year after discharge from the hospitalization or ED visit for acute VTE, patients were followed to identify the occurrence and costs of all-cause hospitalizations. Multivariable regressions were used to compare per-patient per-month (PPPM) total healthcare costs between patients with vs. without a hospitalization during follow-up. The final cohort included 123,665 patients (mean age 59 years, 50% male). During an overall mean follow-up of 284 days after discharge from the acute VTE event, 33,843 patients were hospitalized at least once for any cause within 1 year and 37% of these hospitalized patients had at least one hospitalization for VTE. Among patients who were hospitalized, mean (standard deviation) PPPM hospital length of stay and PPPM costs for hospitalizations were 1.4 (2.8) and $5,800 ($14,723) at 1 year. Adjusted incremental PPPM differences in total healthcare costs between patients with vs. without a hospitalization during the 1-year follow-up were $ $4,808 (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Hospitalizations within 1 year after acute VTE are common and costly. VTE treatments which reduce hospitalizations after acute VTE may confer substantial cost offsets.
688. Pseudotyping FIV-Based Lentiviral Vectors with Baculovirus GP64 Confers Apical Entry into Airway Epithelia
Authors: Patrick L. Sinn, Erin R. Burnight, Doug E. Dylla, Christina S. Firm, Melissa A. Hickey, Gary W. Blissard, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
The use of gene transfer to treat or prevent cystic fibrosis lung disease has been limited in part by the inability of vectors to efficiently transduce airway epithelia from the apical surface. Using a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-based lentiviral vector system, we recently observed that the envelope glycoprotein GP64 from baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) confers apical entry into polarized primary cultures of human airway epithelia. High titer FIV-vector (>10e9 TU/ml) was achieved by pseudotyping with baculovirus GP64 (GP64-FIV) and these titers meet or exceed those obtained with the VSV-G envelope. We tested fusion (F) proteins from four other baculoviruses for their ability to pseudotype FIV, and obtained very low titers (less than or equal to 10e2). Interestingly, AcMNPV GP64 shares sequence identity with influenza D envelope GPs such as Thogotovirus. Pseudotyping FIV with Thogoto GP resulted in titers of ~10e6 TU/ml and also conferred apical entry into polarized human airway epithelial cell cultures. These data lend support to the notion of horizontal transfer of GPs during the evolution of AcMNPV and Influenza D viruses. The receptor for GP64 is currently unknown; however, we investigated the entry of GP64-FIV into epithelia. Pretreating A549 cells with the ionophores monensin or NH4Cl significantly decreased the transduction by GP64-FIV as measured by beta-Galactosidase expression. These data suggest that similar to VSV-G, GP64-FIV transduction requires a low pH endosome pathway. These findings identify a pseudotyped, integrating viral vector with the capacity to infect from the apical surface for the convenient delivery of transgenes to airway epithelia.
Systematic validation of novel breast cancer progression-associated biomarkers <i>via</i> high-throughput antibody generation and application of tissue microarray technology: An initial report
Authors: C. M. Kelly, S. Penny, D. Brennan, S. O’Brien, A. Fagan, A. C. Culhane, K. Jirstrom, F. Ponten, M. Uhlen, W. M. Gallagher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11056 Background: Omic-based discovery approaches, such as DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling, have provided powerful tools for biomarker identification. The limited availability of antibodies is a key barrier to the application of tissue microarrays (TMAs) for biomarker identification. To circumvent this issue, the Swedish Human Proteome Resource (SHPR; www.proteinatlas.org) is using a high-throughput method to generate affinity-purified, mono-specific antibodies against all non-redundant human proteins. Methods: We applied a novel bioinformatic technique to in-house, and publicly available DNA microarray datasets relating to breast cancer invasion and metastasis and identified a cohort of several hundred candidate progression-associated biomarkers. Of these genes, 137 targets were then selected for antibody production within the SHPR. In Feb. 2007, an initial 32 antibodies were released for extended analysis. Antibodies were screened via Western blot (WB) analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) against a range of normal (48) and tumor tissues (20), as well as cultured cells (66), represented on TMAs. Highly optimised antibodies were screened against a TMA constructed from a cohort of 512 consecutive breast cancer cases. The median age was 65 years and median follow-up time was 11 years. All invasive TNM stages were represented within the cohort. Results: Approximately 25% of the initial antibodies show differential staining between normal and breast cancer tissue. PDZK1, an estrogen-responsive gene associated with good prognosis at the transcript level in breast tumors showed discrete banding at the predicted molecular weight (57 kDa) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumor cell lines. The differential expression of PDZK1 protein between ER+ and ER− cell lines was also confirmed by IHC. Expression of PDZK1 protein was associated with improved breast cancer-specific survival (p=, ER positivity (p=0.041) and low grade (p=0.002). Conclusions: We have developed a comprehensive biomarker pathway that extends from discovery to validation on TMA and is yielding clinically relevant biomarkers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 1872: A novel method for efficient and hands-free purification of circulating DNA from human plasma
Authors: Douglas White, Douglas Horejsh, Zhiyang Zeng, Tetsuo Uyeda, Poncho Meisenheimer, Marjeta Urh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Circulating or Cell-Free DNA in plasma can be used to detect biomarkers that show great promise for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer, and is already being used as a non-invasive method to detect trisomy in fetuses. There is currently great interest in the discovery of new cancer biomarkers and their potential clinical application. However, reproducible and efficient purification of these highly fragmented and low-concentration species represents a major challenge. Here we will present a novel method which is completely automated and allows parallel purification of circulating nucleic acid from plasma and serum using a medium-throughput robot. Sixteen samples can be processed simultaneously. The method was optimized to produce high-quality DNA that is suitable for use in quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing. In addition, the absence of any pre-processing steps improves reproducibility and lowers the risk of contamination.Initial characterization on plasma from pregnant women showed that fetal DNA could be detected as early as 4 weeks into gestation and could be tracked throughout pregnancy. Further characterization showed that the system was able to reliably detect less than 25 copies/ml plasma of fragmented DNA that was spiked into the sample. Subsequent work on plasma from patients with colorectal cancer showed that the system was able to detect DNA containing both wild-type and mutated EGFR, suggesting that this method can be a useful tool when screening plasma samples for biomarkers of interest. Citation Format: Douglas White, Douglas Horejsh, Zhiyang Zeng, Tetsuo Uyeda, Poncho Meisenheimer, Marjeta Urh. A novel method for efficient and hands-free purification of circulating DNA from human plasma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1872. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1872
EXTRAHEPATIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION (PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS) DIAGNOSED BY PERCUTANEOUS SPLENIC VENOGRAPHY
Authors: H F RODRIGUEZ, R D BONNET, D RODRIGUEZ-PEREZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1956)

Case Reports1 April 1956EXTRAHEPATIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION (PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS) DIAGNOSED BY PERCUTANEOUS SPLENIC VENOGRAPHYHECTOR F. RODRIGUEZ, M.D., RAFAEL DIAZ BONNET, M.D., DAVID RODRIGUEZ-PEREZ, M.D.HECTOR F. RODRIGUEZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RAFAEL DIAZ BONNET, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID RODRIGUEZ-PEREZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-44-4-772 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHypertension of the portal circulation develops from obstruction to its flow, either within or without the liver. The intrahepatic causes of portal hypertension include, among others, such conditions as portal cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, schistosomiasis and hemochromatosis. The extrahepatic factors are portal or splenic vein thrombosis, cavernous transformation of the portal or splenic veins, hepatic vein thrombosis and the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome.This communication deals with a case in which the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis as the causative factor of portal hypertension was established prior to surgical intervention by percutaneous splenic venography.The injection of the spleen with a radiopaque substance...Bibliography1. AbeaticiCampi SL: Radiological visualization of the portal system by the splenic route, Minerva med. 42: 593, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Rousselot LM: The present status of surgery for portal hypertension, Am. J. Med. 16: 874, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Ochsner A: The treatment of portal hypertension, Postgrad. Med. 15: 519, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BermanHull JKJE: Hepatic, splenic and left gastric arterial ligations in advanced portal cirrhosis, Arch. Surg. 65: 37, 1952. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Child CG: The hepatic circulation and portal hypertension, 1954, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Bockus HL: Gastroenterology, Vol. 3, 1947, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp. 232-239. Google Scholar7. RodriguezGarcia-PalmieriRiveraRodriguez-Molina HFMRJVR: A comparative study of portal and bilharzial cirrhosis, Gastroenterology 29: 235, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bayamon, Puerto Rico*Received for publication February 25, 1955.From the Bayamon District Hospital, Bayamon, Puerto Rico.†13 Mayor St., Ponce, Puerto Rico. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDas PfortadergebietParenchymatous Liver Disease (1956-1957) 1 April 1956Volume 44, Issue 4Page: 772-780KeywordsCirrhosisHemochromatosisHypertensionLiverPortal hypertensionPortal veinsSchistosomiasisSpleenThrombosisVeins Issue Published: 1 April 1956 PDF downloadLoading ...
Predictive value of serum S100B for monitoring patients with metastatic melanoma during chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy
Authors: None Hauschild, None Engel, None Brenner, None Gläser, None Mönig, None Henze, None Christophers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

In the immunohistology of malignant melanoma the use of polyclonal antibodies against protein S100 is well established. Recently, it was shown that S100B, a subunit of the S100 protein family, is detectable in the serum of melanoma patients and correlates with the stage of the disease in patients with metastatic melanoma. In the present study, the first evaluation of a large number of treatment observations (n = 77) in 64 different patients during chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma (stage IV) is presented. All patients received treatment according to standardized protocols comprising 8 weeks of treatment followed by routine staging procedures to evaluate therapeutic outcome. In 13 patients with tumour enlargement after first-line therapy, a second-line treatment was subsequently given. S100B immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) tests were performed before, during and after treatment at scheduled time points. In the interim analysis at 4 weeks 29 of 37 (78%) patients with tumour progression during treatment showed a raised S100B level. In the final analysis at 8 weeks, 31 of these 37 patients (84%) demonstrated rising S100B values (P < 0.001). Patients who responded to treatment (stable or regressing metastatic disease) showed constant or declining S100B levels in 38 of 40 patients (95%) at the interim analysis, at 8 weeks this was further increased to 39 of 40 patients (98%; P < 0.001). Thus, the use of S100B for monitoring treatment is adequate in the majority of cases. Our observations are of great interest for therapeutic trials of adjuvant and palliative therapies as the rise of S100B levels might indicate that re-staging and/or changes in therapy strategies should be chosen.
Abstract P110: Short And Sweet: Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With Increased Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption In The United States
Authors: Aric A Prather, Cindy Leung, Nancy E Adler, Elissa S Epel, Lorrene Ritchie, Barbara Laraia
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Growing epidemiologic and laboratory evidence links short sleep duration with increased incidence of obesity; however, the behavioral mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSBs) consumption has been identified as a significant contributor to weight gain. The aim of this study was to examine whether self-reported sleep duration and consumption of SSB were associated among a sample of 8,130 adults, aged 16-70 years, who participated in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survery (NHANES). Analyses revealed elevated average rates of daily SSB consumption in participants who reported sleeping ≤5 hours (Relative Difference (RD)=1.21, 95% CI 1.12, 1.31) and 6 hours per night (RD=1.15, 95% CI 1.08, 1.23) compared to those sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night (reference group). These associations were independent of age, gender, race/ethnicity, highest level of education, poverty income ratio, smoking status, marital status, BMI, self-reported health status, depressive symptoms, history of trouble sleeping, history of sleep disorders, total energy, coffee intake, and tea intake. Sub-analyses of specific types of SSBs revealed that the strongest associations emerged for regular soda consumption (caffeinated: ≤5 hours RD=1.46, 95% CI 1.27, 1.67 and 6 hours per night RD=1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35; decaffeinated: ≤5 hours RD=1.15, 95% CI 1.07, 1.25 and 6 hours per night RD=1.08, 95% CI 1.02, 1.13) and non-carbonated SSBs (≤5 hours RD=1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18). These associations varied by gender, race, and age group. Overall, the inverse associations between sleep duration and SSB consumption were significantly stronger among women, Caucasians, and participants in midlife. These findings provide initial observational evidence for associations between short sleep duration and increased intake of SSBs, providing a plausible behavioral pathway through which sleep may promote excess weight gain and obesity.
Abstract 1953: The role of NR5a2 in pancreas development and carcinogenesis
Authors: Sahar Nissim, Julia Wucherpfennig, Xiao-Xu Wang, Alec Kimmelman, Wolfram Goessling
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal cancers today. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) has implicated the nuclear receptor NR5A2 in modulating risk for pancreatic cancer. While a role for this gene in pancreatic cancer has not been previously recognized, it is known to have an important role in stem cell pluripotency and metabolism. Using the zebrafish model organism, we demonstrate that knockdown of nr5a2 results in absence of exocrine pancreas, while leaving endocrine pancreas unaffected, indicating an essential role in pancreas organ formation. Further, we localize expression of nr5a2 to the endodermal bud that gives rise to the exocrine pancreas, consistent with a role for nr5a2 in regulating differentiation of pancreas progenitors. In resected human PDAC specimens and in vitro cell lines, we find that NR5A2 expression is altered compared to normal ductal epithelium. Moreover, shRNA knockdown of NR5A2 dramatically alters proliferation of PDAC cell lines, supporting the hypothesis that NR5A2 is involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis. These data support a model that NR5a2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of exocrine pancreas progenitor cells during development. Consistent with this model, we find that signaling through nr5a2 interacts with notch activity. We postulate that aberrant expression of NR5a2 results in dysregulation of these processes in the adult pancreas by driving ductal epithelial cells to acquire properties of progenitor cells, and therefore is an important step in pancreas oncogenesis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sahar Nissim, Julia Wucherpfennig, Xiao-Xu Wang, Alec Kimmelman, Wolfram Goessling. The role of NR5a2 in pancreas development and carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1953. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1953