tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brit. Assoc. Sports for the Disabled, Water Sports Division "Water Sports for the Disabled"
Authors: Noel Bleasdale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

DISCUSSIONThe authors consider that although these results are probably of little significance to their students, suspended only for a three-minute spell, prolonged sus- pension, especially in the middle aged and elderly, could be hazardous.There is a risk with patients with several unsuspected conditions; latent glaucoma, hypertension, atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries, small aneurysms of the Circle of Willis, hiatus herniae, and uncompensated congestive cardiac failure.Among many of these patients there are likely to be those with backache who might be tempted or even advised to attempt gravity inversion.We understand that peri-orbital haemorrhage has been reported following inversion, and one of the authors, R. K. reports that his own blood pressure rose from 125/85 to 210/165 during inversion.This diastolic rise is much larger than would be expected during strenuous running exercise.
A Twofold Excess Mortality Among Black Compared With White IDDM Patients in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Eugene S Tull, Emma Barinas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term mortality experience of blacks who develop IDDM in childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 11–25-year mortality status of individuals with IDDM who participated in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) Mortality Study was verified as of 1 January 1990 for 1,008 (94%) of the 1,076 individuals in the study. Life-table analysis was performed, and race-specific rates were determined for the final sample. RESULTS Among black patients, 14.9% died compared with 6.6% of the white patients after a maximum of 25 years of follow-up. African-Americans experienced an age-adjusted mortality rate that was over twice that of whites for the entire period (9.4 vs. 3.8 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and at each 5-year interval of follow-up. Among blacks, the mortality rate for females (15.9/1,000 person-years) was 8.4 times (P &amp;lt; 0.05) that of males (1.9/1,000 person-years). In contrast, this sex difference was not seen among whites. Acute complications of diabetes accounted for 40% of the mortality in the black patients, while only 23% of the white patients died from acute causes. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that some of the excess mortality in black IDDM patients may be preventable.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: P. Scheuer, J. Chambers, A. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The varied results in the literature make it possible to select studies that show an independent association between hypertriglyceridaemia and coronary heart disease, like the three that Peter H Winocour cites.2But many studies support the opposite conclusion.5"7Triglycerides may have a role in risk prediction when well standardised measurements of high density lipoprotein choles- terol are not available, as Winocour suggests.The negative correlation between the two measure- ments means that the triglyceride concentration can serve as a surrogate for the high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, albeit a rela- tively imprecise one.For any lipoprotein test, and especially for triglycerides, its accuracy in predicting risk depends on the quality of the measurement in the specific laboratory, so clinicians should learn about the accuracy of lipid tests available in the laboratory they use.Whether to measure triglycerides is a moot issue once hypercholesterolaemia is found and a decision made to measure low density lipoprotein choles- terol.Many laboratories use an indirect measure- ment of low density lipoprotein cholesterol which requires knowledge of the triglyceride concentra- tion.Consistent evidence that triglycerides have an important independent role in preventing coronary heart disease, however, remains elusive; calls for triglyceride testing must appeal to faith rather than established fact.
Malignant granular cell tumor metastatic to the orbit
Authors: Sonia A Callejo, Jan W Kronish, Susan J Decker, G.Richard Cohen, Robert H Rosa
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

Malignant granular cell tumor is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma. To our knowledge, ocular (eyelid) involvement has been described in only two cases. Herein, we report the clinicopathologic features of an unusual case of malignant granular cell tumor metastatic to the orbit.Observational case report.Retrospective review of the medical record and the histopathologic and electron microscopic findings and review of the literature.A 72-year-old man with biopsy-proven granular cell tumor in the cervical region was initially seen with proptosis and motility disturbance. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a large intraconal mass, and biopsy of the orbital mass revealed granular cell tumor. Histopathologic examination of the primary neck tumor and the orbital mass revealed increased nuclear atypia and pleomorphism in the consecutive lesions. The morphologic impression of granular cell tumor was also supported by the immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein expression and ultrastructural findings typical of granular cell tumor. Six months after the orbital involvement, systemic workup revealed multiple apparent bony and lung metastases.We report the first malignant granular cell tumor metastatic to the orbit and suggest the inclusion of this tumor in the differential diagnosis of metastatic orbital lesions.
923 EMERGENCE OF A NEW OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION IN EUROPE: HEPATIC ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS. A FIFTY-CASE REPORT
Authors: A. Chauchet, F. Grenouillet, J. Knapp, C. Richou, E. Delabrousse, C. Dentan, S. Capelle, V. Di Martino, E. Deconinck, O. Blagosklonov, D.A. Vuitton, S. Bresson-Hadni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Effect of repetitive low-dose endotoxin on liver parenchymal and kupffer cell fibronectin release
Authors: Peter A. Vincent, Eshin Cho, Thomas M. Saba
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Repetitive low-dose endotoxin, at a dose which will result in endotoxin tolerance, produces a marked but transient 2- to 3-day increase in plasma fibronectin. This elevation of fibronectin appears to contribute to increased hepatic Kupffer cell phagocytic function observed with repetitive low-dose endotoxin administration. Although numerous cell types synthesize fibronectin, hepatocytes are believed to be the major cell source of fibronectin in the plasma. Since Kupffer cells also synthesize fibronectin, we sought to determine the relative contribution of hepatic Kupffer cells, as compared to parenchymal cells, to the elevation of plasma fibronectin following repetitive low-dose endotoxin administration. Kupffer cells isolated from rats previously treated for 3 consecutive days with 100 μg Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin released greater (p &lt; 0.01) amounts of fibronectin over time in culture (3, 6, 12 and 24 hr) as compared to Kupffer cells isolated from normal rats. Experiments in which fibronectin was normalized to DNA content of the cells in culture also showed similar results for fibronectin release by Kupffer cells (normal: 2.9 ± 0.5 ng per μg DNA per 24 hr; endotoxin-treated: 53.3 ± 1.3 ng per μg DNA per 24 hr). Hepatocytes from endotoxin-treated rats released less (p &lt; 0.01) fibronectin over time than hepatocytes isolated from normal animals. As with Kupffer cells, results for fibronectin release by hepatocytes were similar when normalized to the DNA content (normal: 190.0 ± 9.4 ng per μg DNA per 24 hr; endotoxin-treated: 83.3 ± 4.2 ng per μg DNA per 24 hr). However, cultured hepatocytes did synthesize and release more fibronectin than cultured Kupffer cells whether they were isolated from normal or endotoxin-treated rats. These results suggest that Kupffer cells may contribute a greater portion of the plasma fibronectin pool following endotoxin treatment than in normal animals. Furthermore, the increased release of fibronectin by Kupffer cells observed after endotoxin is coupled with decreased hepatocyte release of fibronectin.
The dimensional characteristics of smooth muscle in rat blood vessels. A computer-assisted analysis.
Authors: M E Todd, C G Laye, D N Osborne
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

This investigation was undertaken to provide precise information about the dimensional characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cells as related to their paracellular matrix. The representative types of vessels were fixed at the mean blood pressures of adult male Wistar rats. The shapes, positions of the nucleus, linear dimensions, volumes, and orientation within the vessel wall were determined by a computer-assisted reconstruction of the cells from serial sections. Wall-to-lumen and cellular-to-paracellular ratios also were assessed. The smooth muscle cells were elongate, but whereas some are spindle shaped, most are not, and may be shaped like flattened triangles, paddles, boomerangs, or hourglasses, and in addition, any one of these shapes may be forked. The nucleus tended to be in the largest part of the cell, wherever that region occurred. Thus, the majority of the nuclei (61%) were not centrally located, but overlapped the middle and end thirds of the elongate cells. Of the three arteries investigated, the muscular type tail artery had cells with volumes two to three times larger (P less than 0.01) than cells in a musculoelastic (femoral) or elastic (mesenteric) artery, and six times larger (P less than 0.01) than those of the portal vein. Therefore, the smooth muscle cells of the vein were significantly smaller than those in any artery (P less than 0.01). The smooth muscle cells were aligned at a steeper angle in the vessel wall (15 degrees +/- 2 degrees) of the muscular artery than in those with more elastic tissue (9 degrees +/- 2 degrees), with a higher percentage of circumferential cells in the latter. The wall-to-lumen ratios decreased as the relative amount of paracellular matrix, particularly elastic tissue, increased in the three arteries. Therefore, irregularly shaped cells, with the nucleus in the thickest region, and having characteristic cell volumes depending on the type of vessel, form the vascular smooth muscle tissue. These factors are relevant if stereology, or measuring from two dimensions, is used to estimate size characteristics in cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. In addition, the optimum angle at which vascular strips are cut would vary, for example, when used in testing pharmacological agents.
Pseudomonas Endocarditis: A Therapeutic Challenge.
Authors: Robert S. Pressman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Pseudomonas Endocarditis: A Therapeutic Challenge.Robert S. Pressman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Vladir Maranhao, M.D., Harry Goldberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert S. Pressman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Vladir Maranhao, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Harry Goldberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-809_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative organism, was considered virtually nonpathogenic prior to the antimicrobial era. However, its importance as a pathogen has been underestimated. When infections due to this organism occur, they are chiefly seen in the elderly and debilitated. Infection usually occurs after instrumentation, most frequently of the genito-urinary tract. Other parts of the world have had epidemics involving this organism. In addition, there are papers on generalized septicemias and highly fatal infections of the lungs, meninges and brain.Review of the world literature revealed Pseudomonas endocarditis to be comparatively rare until the past decade. In 1953, there were five... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPenicillins and CephalosporinsPenicillins and Cephalosporins 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 809-810KeywordsAntimicrobialsBrainElderlyEndocarditisLungsMeningesPathogensPseudomonasPseudomonas aeruginosaSepsis Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Montelukast versus fluticasone: effects on lung function, airway responsiveness and inflammation in moderate asthma
Authors: F. Kanniess, K. Richter, S. Böhme, R.A. Jörres, H. Magnussen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Whether leukotriene receptor antagonists exhibit adequate anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of asthma is still a controversial issue. The aim of the present study was to perform a direct comparison of the effects of a 4-week treatment with either montelukast (10 mg, once a day) or low-dose inhaled fluticasone (100 microg b.i.d.) on functional and inflammatory parameters in steroid-naïve patients with moderate asthma. Forty patients (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 60-80% predicted) were studied in a double-blind, randomised, crossover design. Treatment periods were separated by 3-8 weeks of washout. At the beginning and end of each period, FEV1, airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine (provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20)), the level of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and sputum differential cell counts were determined. Only short-acting beta2-agonists were allowed for relief of symptoms. FEV1 increased by 0.50+/-0.07 L (mean+/-SEM) after fluticasone and by 0.37+/-0.07 L after montelukast (p<0.001, each), and PC20 by 1.33+/-0.13 (p<0.001) and 0.15+/-0.17 (NS) doubling doses, respectively. Correspondingly, percentages of sputum eosinophils were reduced by factor 2.7 (p<0.01) and 1.4 (nonsignificant (NS)), and the levels of exhaled NO (at 50 mL x s(-1)) by factor 2.1 (p<0.01) and 1.1 (NS). These data indicate a comparable bronchodilator action of montelukast and fluticasone in patients with moderate asthma, but additional attenuation of airway inflammation by fluticasone as detectable through noninvasive methods.
One Facet of Neural Regulation
Authors: Irvine H. Page, James W. McCubbin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE carotid sinus did not achieve its rightful place in the scheme of things until 1923, when Hering described the carotid sinus reflex. But it was Soma Weiss and James Baker who brought to it a clinical reality when, in 1933, they described the hypersensitive sinus, which seemed to elicit 3 separate syndromes: slowing of the heart or stoppage; fall in blood pressure without slowing; and cerebral effects, characterized by pallor, dizziness, syncope and convulsions independent of change in blood pressure or heart rate, which were thought to be due to reflex vasoconstriction of the cerebral vessels. The first 2 . . .
Evidence for Antigen-Driven T-Cell Response in Unstable Angina
Authors: Giuseppina Caligiuri, Gabrielle Paulsson, Antonino Nicoletti, Attilio Maseri, Göran K. Hansson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Activation of T cells and macrophages has been associated with unstable angina (UA), but whether this reflects specific immune responses remains unclear.We analyzed the repertoire and the length of complementarity-determining region 3 of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain variable (BV) gene segments of activated lymphocytes in 23 patients with UA, 13 patients with chronic stable angina (CSA), and 6 normal control subjects. We also tested the proliferation of systemic T cells in response to autologous coronary plaque proteins, oxidized LDL, and Chlamydia pneumoniae as candidate antigens, in vitro. The activated T cell-TCRBV repertoire was perturbed in 13 (57%) of 23 UA patients versus 3 (23%) of 13 CSA patients (P=0.016) and was restricted to 6 (28%) of 21 expanded TCRBV families; all were significantly higher in UA than in CSA patients. At least one monotypic or oligotypic activated TCRBV population was found in 15 (65%) of 23 UA patients and in 3 (23%) of 13 CSA patients (P<0.001). Finally, T cells from UA patients, but not from CSA patients or normal control subjects, proliferated in response to autologous proteins from coronary culprit lesions and/or to oxidized LDL.Our findings suggest that the T-cell response observed in UA patients is antigen-driven and directed to antigens contained in the culprit coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
Differential responsiveness to insulin of endothelial and support cells from micro- and macrovessels.
Authors: G L King, S M Buzney, C R Kahn, N Hetu, S Buchwald, S G Macdonald, L I Rand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The pathologies of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy are different, suggesting that diabetes affects these two types of vascular tissue in a dissimilar manner. We have compared insulin receptors and the effects of insulin on cultured endothelium from calf retinal capillaries and aorta, and the vascular supporting cells, retinal pericytes, and aortic smooth muscle cells. 125I-insulin binds to high affinity insulin receptors on all four cell types. Receptor concentrations were similar except for aortic smooth muscle cells, which have 10-fold fewer receptors than the other cell types. Insulin at a concentration of 10 ng/ml stimulated [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen in retinal endothelial cells and pericytes and aortic smooth muscle cells, but had no effect on aortic endothelium. Insulin over a concentration range of 10 ng/ml-10 microgram/ml, stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of retinal pericytes, and endothelial cells and aortic smooth muscle cells but had no effect on aortic endothelial cells. These data suggested that a differential response to insulin may exist between endothelium of micro- and macrovasculature, and suggest that retinal capillary endothelium and retinal pericytes are both very insulin-sensitive tissues.
Abolition of anti-adhesiogenic effect of heparin by protamine sulfate
Authors: Enver Reyhan, Oktay İrkörücü, Ali Sürmelioğlu, Selvinaz Özkara, Kamuran Cumhur Değer, Mehmet Aziret, Hasan Erdem, Süleyman Çetinkünar, Metin Tilki, Pelin Demirtürk, Edip Akpinar
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Screening in practice: Reducing the psychological costs.
Authors: T M Marteau
Journal: BMJ (1990)

a more user friendly system.When the proposed changes to the NHS begin to take effect some practices may find that under budgetary pressures staffing levels have to be rationalised.Particularly for certain urban practices, organised open access surgeries might allow redeployment of staff or practices to function with fewer receptionists without having to compromise patient care.
The Therapist's Handbook: Treatment Methods of Mental Disorders
Authors: Barry I. Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A book intended to cover a broad field and written by multiple authors requires careful editing to ensure a coherent presentation of its theme. If editorial control is weak, the book can easily become nothing more than a series of review articles of varying quality. This volume, which attempts to cover current psychiatric treatment methods, unfortunately is the victim of such weak editorial control. The book is divided into two sections, the first covering various specific psychiatric therapies and their indications and the second devoted to specific psychiatric illnesses and their treatments. Although such a division might be expected to create much duplication, this book avoids that problem quite well because the editor apparently informed the multiple authors that the main purpose of the book was to present practical psychiatric therapeutic treatment methods. However, there is no evidence of editorial direction beyond these instructions. The result of this lack of
Differences between peak flow meters on prescription.
Authors: N C Nicholas
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Birth weight as a risk factor for raised blood pressure SIR, -Dr Daniel S Seidman and colleagues report that overweight in adolescence rather than low birth weight is the greater risk factor for raised blood pressure.'Previously, Barker et al had advocated nutritional supplementation for pregnant women to increase birth weight because they believed that this would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.2'Dr Seidman and colleagues, echoing previous correspon- dence,4 suggest that this advice should be reconsidered.Barker et al were one of many groups
Cost‐effectiveness of asthma control: an economic appraisal of the GOAL study
Authors: A. H. Briggs, J. Bousquet, M. V. Wallace, W. W. Busse, T. J. H. Clark, S. E. Pedersen, E. D. Bateman
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL (GOAL) study has shown the superiority of a combination of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFC) compared with fluticasone propionate alone (FP) in terms of improving guideline defined asthma control. Methods: Clinical and economic data were taken from the GOAL study, supplemented with data on health related quality of life, in order to estimate the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) results for each of three strata (previously corticosteroid‐free, low‐ and moderate‐dose corticosteroid users). A series of statistical models of trial outcomes was used to construct cost effectiveness estimates across the strata of the multinational GOAL study including adjustment to the UK experience. Uncertainty was handled using the non‐parametric bootstrap. Cost‐effectiveness was compared with other treatments for chronic conditions. Result: Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate improved the proportion of patients achieving totally and well‐controlled weeks resulting in a similar QALY gain across the three strata of GOAL. Additional costs of treatment were greatest in stratum 1 and least in stratum 3, with some of the costs offset by reduced health care resource use. Cost‐effectiveness by stratum was £7600 (95% CI: £4800–10 700) per QALY gained for stratum 3; £11 000 (£8600–14 600) per QALY gained for stratum 2; and £13 700 (£11 000–18 300) per QALY gained for stratum 1. Conclusion: The GOAL study previously demonstrated the improvement in total control associated with the use of SFC compared with FP alone. This study suggests that this improvement in control is associated with cost‐per‐QALY figures that compare favourably with other uses of scarce health care resources.
Body Weight Change, All-Cause Mortality, and Cause-specific Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Steven N. Blair
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To evaluate the relation between weight variability and death in high-risk, middle-aged men participating in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).Cohort study with 3.8 years of follow-up.Multicenter, collaborative, primary prevention trial conducted at 22 clinical centers in the United States.Men (n = 10,529) who were 35 to 57 years old at baseline and who were in the upper 10% to 15% of risk for coronary heart disease because of smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol level. Participants were seen at least annually for 6 to 7 years for medical evaluations in study clinical centers.Death from cardiovascular disease (228 deaths) and from all causes (380 deaths).The primary measure of weight variability was the intrapersonal standard deviation of weight (ISD), which was calculated from measured weights obtained at clinic visits during a 6- to 7-year period. All-cause death rates per 1000 person-years of follow-up across ISD quartiles were 8.28, 8.25, 10.57, and 11.07 from the first to fourth quartiles, respectively. After adjusting for baseline risk factors associated with weight change, the relative risk for all-cause mortality in the fourth compared with the first quartile was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.23). Cardiovascular death and ISD showed a similar pattern. The association between weight change and death was not observed in the heaviest men.Greater weight variability was associated with a greater risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in some types of high-risk men.