tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Midgut Ischaemia
Authors: G. E. Mavor, Wm. Michie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

EXCISION OF ATRIAL MYXOMA JouUNAL valvotomy, and he finds it satisfactory.In the present case, as in all cases of mitral obstruction, the muscle was normal and produced only an occasional extrasystole when cut and stretched.When the tumour is discovered during a mitral valvotomy, one alternative treatment is to stop the operation and repeat it later with the help of hypothermia or cardiac bypass.In one such case the patient died two days after the first operation (Jones and Julian; 1955).Another alternative is to start immediately with hypothermia, but this involves considerable reorganization, whichever method of cooling is to be used.The third alternative is proposed in this paper. SummaryA case of successful excision of an atrial myxoma is described.It is shown that the symptoms and signs are almost indistinguishable from those of mitral stenosis, and that most cases will be discovered unexpectedly during the course of mitral valvotomy.A simple method of dealing with the situation is described: this avoids having to abandon the operation with the intention of performing open cardiotomy later, under hypothermia or with the cardiopulmonary bypass.Abandoning the operation is in itself a danger; and open cardiotomy is less safe than the operation described.The method consists of pushing up the myxoma with a finger through a small hole near the tip of the left ventricle; at the same time the index finger of the other hand, through a hole in the atrium, divides its pedicle, and guides it towards the auricular hole.While it is pushed through the hole it acts as a cork, and the auricle is clamped behind it as it falls out.It is pointed out that the left ventricle in all cases of mitral obstruction is not hypertrophied or ischaemic, and an incision into it carries little risk. REFERENCES
777-1 Effective Delivery of Radiofrequency Energy Through the Coronary Sinus without Impedance Rise Using a Saline Irrigated Electrode
Authors: Hiroshi Nakagawa, William S. Yamanashi, Jan V. Pitha, Khek C. Yong, Mauricio Arruda, Michael Rome, Xanzhang Wang, Ken-ichiro Ohtomo, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay
Authors: C Beadle, G.W Long, P.D McElroy, S.L Hoffman, G.W Long, W.R Weiss, S.M Maret, A.J Oloo
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

Two field studies in Kenya and an experimental challenge study in the USA were done to assess the accuracy of a dipstick antigen-capture assay based on qualitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2) in peripheral blood for diagnosis of P falciparum infection. In these studies, the assay was 96·5-100% sensitive for detection of greater than 60 P falciparum asexual parasites/ μL blood, 70-81% sensitive for 11-60 parasites/μL blood, and 11-67% sensitive for 10 parasites or less/μL blood. Specificity was 95% (95% Cl 85-105%; n = 20) among naive American volunteers, 98% (96-101%; n=112) among volunteers exposed to the bite of P falciparium-infected mosquitoes, and 88% (84-92%; n=285) among Kenyans living in an area with holoendemic malaria. Our results also indicated that PfHRP-2 antigen was not detectable in blood 6 days after initiation of curative chemotherapy, and suggest that such circulating antigens rarely lead to false-positive tests. The dipstick assay's sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and speed may make it an important tool in the battle against malaria.
Poverty and Responsibility for Health Care—Reply
Authors: Robert L. Ferrer
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Temporal Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among US Middle and High School Students, 2000-2011
Authors: Israel T. Agaku, Constantine I. Vardavas, Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf, Hillel R. Alpert, Gregory N. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor: Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States.1 Declines in smoking among youths were observed from the late 1990s, particularly after the Master Settlement Agreement in 1998.2 However, limited information exists on trends in smokeless tobacco use among US youths.
Endosomal processing limits gene transfer to polarized airway epithelia by adeno-associated virus
Authors: Dongsheng Duan, Yongping Yue, Ziying Yan, Jusan Yang, John F. Engelhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The restriction of viral receptors and coreceptors to the basolateral surface of airway epithelial cells has been blamed for the inefficient transfer of viral vectors to the apical surface of this tissue. We now report, however, that differentiated human airway epithelia internalize rAAV type-2 virus efficiently from their apical surfaces, despite the absence of known adeno-associated virus–2 (AAV-2) receptors or coreceptors at these sites. The dramatically lower transduction efficiency of rAAV infection from the apical surface of airway cells appears to result instead from differences in endosomal processing and nuclear trafficking of apically or basolaterally internalized virions. AAV capsid proteins are ubiquitinated after endocytosis, and gene transfer can be significantly enhanced by proteasome or ubiquitin ligase inhibitors. Tripeptide proteasome inhibitors increased persistent rAAV gene delivery from the apical surface >200-fold, to a level nearly equivalent to that achieved with basolateral infection. In vivo application of proteasome inhibitor in mouse lung augmented rAAV gene transfer from undetectable levels to a mean of 10.4 ± 1.6% of the epithelial cells in large bronchioles. Proteasome inhibitors also increased rAAV-2–mediated gene transfer to the liver tenfold, but they did not affect transduction of skeletal or cardiac muscle. These findings suggest that tissue-specific ubiquitination of viral capsid proteins interferes with rAAV-2 transduction and provides new approaches to circumvent this barrier for gene therapy of diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
Prenatal Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Risk of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Hyunok Choi, Virginia Rauh, Robin Garfinkel, Yihsuan Tu, Frederica P. Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous air pollutants generated by combustion of organic material, including fossil fuel.It has been an open question whether prenatal exposure to air pollution in general and PAHs in particular significantly increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, including small size for gestational age (SGA), and preterm delivery. Here, we have examined this hypothesis in a cohort of mothers and newborns in New York City.Subjects were young, nonsmoking, healthy African-American (n = 224) and Dominican (n = 392) mother-newborn pairs residing in New York City whose prenatal PAH exposures were estimated by personal air monitoring. Questionnaire and medical record data were obtained.A 1 natural-log (ln)-unit increase in prenatal PAH exposure was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of symmetric intrauterine growth restriction (i.e., SGA and fetal growth ratio < 85%) among full-term African Americans (p < 0.05). Preterm delivery risk was 5-fold greater among African Americans per ln-unit increase in prenatal PAH exposure. The same unit increase in exposure significantly increased the ratio of head circumference to birth weight by 0.04% in African Americans. These effects were not observed in Dominicans.Prenatal PAH exposure is likely to contribute to the occurrence of SGA as well as preterm births among African Americans. The lack of an association in Dominicans might reflect modification of the risk by healthful cultural practices among recent Dominican immigrants. Given that PAHs are globally generated and distributed pollutants, our observations have potential implications for environmental health and energy policies.
SMALLPOX AND VACCINATION
Authors: J. P. LEAKE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Twenty-five years ago, the surgeon general of the U. S. Marine Hospital Service, in his annual report, said:  Smallpox is a disease so easily prevented by vaccination that the smallpox patient of today is scarcely deserving of sympathy, the improvement in the preparation of pure vaccine lymph having been so great that there is now little cause for fear of untoward results from vaccination. The spread of the disease also is so easily prevented under proper management that it is a disgrace to the sanitary authorities of any state, municipality or locality whenever this disease is permitted to get beyond their control. If the inability to manage the disease is due to a want of funds, then this lack of necessary provision is a disgrace to the state or locality infected.  Unfortunately, we are faced with that disgrace. Smallpox is abroad in the land, and while in general it is
P435Extracellular vesicles mediate cardioprotection exerted by remote ischemic preconditioning in rats
Authors: T Baranyai, Z Giricz, ZV Varga, P Sipos, K Paloczi, A Kittel, E Buzas, P Ferdinandy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of the heart (i.e. brief ischemia/reperfusion cycles, subjected to a remote organ or a remote area, reduce the consecutive damage of a sustained cardiac ischemia. Although, its mechanism has been investigated thoroughly, exact interorgan transfer mechanisms of cardioprotection by RIPC are required to be further investigated. Exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles are vesicles of 30-100 nm and 100-1000 nm in diameter, respectively (collectively termed extracellular vesicles [EVs]). As EVs are able to shuttle proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs, they are ideal candidates for inter-organ communication. However, whether EVs are involved in RIPC, is unknown.
VOLTAIC TURBINAL PUNCTURE FOR THE RELIEF OF INTUMESCENT AND HYPERTROPHIC RHINITIS.
Authors: F. E. NERES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Electrolytic action on certain substances is so well known and understood by the majority of physicians that the rehearsal in this paper seems unnecessary with the exception of a few vital points to refresh the memory. The galvanic current has two known properties, chemical and thermal, electrolysis being the result of the chemical action. A marked difference in the chemical action takes place at either pole during electrolysis. The anodal or positive pole when in contact with, or immersed in, a compound fluid attracts the oxygen and acids of the electrolyzed fluid or tissue; the negative, or cathodal, attracts the hydrogen and the salines. This chemical action of the negative galvanic current, when in contact with or immersed into mucous membrane, produces decomposition and slight cauterization; the thermal effect, if the current be intense enough, will cause redness, heat, congestion, inflammation, and even sloughing in turbinal tissue. The sensory nerves
Ebola remains an international health emergency, WHO warns
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Despite a significant fall in cases of Ebola virus disease in west Africa the outbreak remains a public health emergency of international concern, the World Health Organization has said.

The emergency committee convened by WHO under the International Health Regulations met on 9 April and agreed that, while the risk of international spread of the disease seems to have reduced, the outbreak still poses a threat and that Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia must continue to screen travellers as they leave. Countries that border the three worst affected countries must also continue active surveillance for the disease, it added, particularly in the border areas.

The emergency committee also highlighted …
Medicine as a Social Instrument: Journalism
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

EVEN in 1939, still in that half-forgotten era prior to World War II, Sir Robert Hutchison estimated the current global crop of medical periodicals at between 5000 and 7000, of which about 130 were published in Great Britain alone.Sir Robert, however, did not condemn medical literature because of this fecundity or advocate any form of planned parenthood. He merely stated the aphorism "that the amount of the writings of a profession is a measure of its vitality and activity, whilst their quality is a rough indication of its intellectual state." With comparable judgment he weighed in the balance the . . .
Ataxia–Telangiectasia: An Important Clue
Authors: Raymond D.A. Peterson, Jane D. Funkhouser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The paper by Carbonari et al. in this issue of the Journal calls attention to the rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular processes underlying ataxia—telangiectasia.1 Previous observations provided a description of the major distinctive immunologic and histologic abnormalities in this disease and pointed out the high incidence of associated lymphocytic cancers.2 , 3 More recent studies of patients with ataxia—telangiectasia have taken advantage of new techniques and information and have moved to the molecular level. The observations of Carbonari et al., an example of molecular-level studies, bring new insight into an important step in lymphocyte differentiation.Carbonari and his colleagues report that . . .
Primary Celiac Plexus Syndrome
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE EUROPEAN medical literature of the World War I era showed an active interest in the concept that the celiac (solar) plexus can be a source of abdominal pain in the absence of any visceral disease or emotional disturbance. Well-known authors wrote about "celiac ganglion pain" and the "solar plexus syndrome"—Bichat, Glénard, Roux, and others. Enthusiasm was not sustained, however, perhaps because it was not possible to put the concept of an anatomically localized explanation for functional pain to an objective test. In more recent times, the matter was discussed further, again by thoughtful clinicians—Walton, Maratza, Moolten, and others. It has not caught on. Perhaps it should be given another hearing. When carcinoma of the pancreas engulfs the celiac plexus, a classical pain syndrome is produced. Its features are so precise and predictable that, when full-blown, it is recognized with some assurance at the bedside. In primary celiac plexus syndrome,
General subcellular effects of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic.
Authors: B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

This working paper summarizes the known ultrastructural and biochemical effects of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic on subcellular organelle systems following in vivo administration. Documented metal-induced alterations in nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and lysosomal functions are discussed in relation to their potential impact on cellular responses to other environmental agents. Each of the above elements has been found to interfere with normal cellular replication and genetic processes. Mitochondrial swelling and depression of respiratory function are discussed in relation to known metal-specific perturbations of mitochondrial heme biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Inhibition of microsomal enzyme activities and protein synthesis by lead and mercury is compared to the apparent absence of such effects following arsenic or cadmium exposure. Lysosomal uptake of all the metals is documented, but biochemical alterations in these structures have been reported for only mercury and cadmium. It is concluded that these toxic metals are capable of interacting with, and biochemically altering major cellular systems at dose levels below those required to produce signs of overt metal toxicity. The impact of these effects on cellular response to other metals and xenobiotics in complex exposure situations is presently unknown, and further research is urgently needed in this area.
Lincomycin Versus Erythromycin: A Choice or an Echo
Authors: EUGENE SANDERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Lincomycin shares many of the pharmacologic, toxicologic, and antibacterial properties of erythromycin. It offers few therapeutic advantages in comparison with erythromycin when the infecting microorganism is susceptible to both drugs. For the present lincomycin is clearly preferred only when the patient is intolerant to erythromycin, the infecting agent is insusceptible to erythromycin, or possibly when lincomycin-susceptible microorganisms are located within bone.
Pleural Effusion in Hodgkin's Disease-Reply
Authors: Jeanne C. Bateman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Ellis is quite right in commenting that radiation therapy in Hodgkin's disease holds a prominent place. It is the most effective form of treatment, usually, for localized manifestations of both Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma. In our experience, however, pleural effusion due to almost all types of neoplastic disease, including Hodgkin's, is best treated by the method described. The intracavitary administration of nonvesicant oncolytic drugs as thio-tepa and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) is simple, highly effective, and unassociated with subsequent undesirable fibrosis.
Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity
Authors: R. GOODLIN
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Harrison et al<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial<sup>2</sup>discuss the topics of maternal and perinatal morbidity, a matter of great importance. But, in my opinion, these authors have ignored a great body of obstetric literature. For the editorial, I would argue that perinatal rates have not only improved because of neonatal care but that obstetricians have likewise caused a substantial reduction in the rate of stillbirths. In the article, Harrison et al used a definition of prematurity as less than 38 weeks. In most populations, a neonate born at 37 1/2 weeks does quite well and generally is not considered premature. It is also recognized (1) that premature neonates are born more frequently of pregnant women of low socioeconomic groups and (2) that low-birth-weight newborns are born to pregnant women with relative maternal hypovolemia or hemoconcentration.<sup>3,4</sup>In the article by Harrison et
Knots on the Funis
Authors: R. U. West
Journal: BMJ (1857)

irregular (about 80) and feeble.The bowels hai been open.It seemed that he was at work on the day of admission, having been complaining for some days of headache and vertigo; on that day he suddenly lost the power of speech and the use of his right side, but remained conscious, and did not fall.He was freely purged with crotonl oil and colocynth, and a blister applied to the nape of the neck; and, for the next few days, he improved somewhat, so as to be able to protrude his tongue, and to give more signs of consciousness.The hemi- plegia, however, continued.August 3rd.Pil.antimonialis gr.v. o. n.
Recommendations for the allergy management in the primary care
Authors: M. Jutel, N. G. Papadopoulos, H. Gronlund, H.‐J. Hoffman, B. Bohle, P. Hellings, G.‐J. Braunsthal, A. Muraro, P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier, T. Zuberbier, I. Agache
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract The majority of patients seeking medical advice for allergic diseases are first seen in a primary care setting. Correct diagnosis with identification of all offending allergens is an absolute prerequisite for appropriate management of allergic disease by the general practitioner. Allergy diagnostic tests recommended for use in primary care are critically reviewed in accordance with the significant workload in a primary care setting. Simplified pathways for recognition and diagnosis of allergic diseases are proposed, that should be further adapted to local (national) conditions.
Multicentre prospective trial of Silastic foam dressing in management of open granulating wounds.
Authors: R H Williams, R A Wood, M C Mason, M Edwards, P Goodall
Journal: BMJ (1981)

findings of impaired activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the liver and small bowel of patients with psoriasis.'The salivary clearances indicate that the inducing effect of smoking on antipyrine metabolism is similar in patients and normal subjects.This contrasts with our observations in skin: so far we have been unable to show any difference in skin activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase between smokers and non-smokers, and in-vitro induction with benzanthracene of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in lesion-free skin of patients with psoriasis is only about 50% of normal.'Clearly, in-vivo induction by smoking as measured by antipyrine clearance is not analogous to in-vitro induction by benzanthracene as measured by activity of aryl hydrocarbon 40 0 o30 c O 0O 0~~~~~~~* 0g Lfl ~O O 20 0
Gram-Negative Sepsis: Detection of Endotoxemia with the Limulus Test
Authors: JACK LEVIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Two hundred and eighty-one patients suspected of having Gram-negative sepsis were studied. Fifty (18%) had Gram-negative sepsis, that is endotoxemia or bacteremia, or both. Endotoxemia was found in 14%. A blood culture positive for Gram-negative organisms was found in 12%, and endotoxemia and bacteremia occurred together in 7%. The Limulus test was positive only in patients with Gram-negative infections, many of whom had bacteremia. Hypotension and death occurred twice as frequently in patients with demonstrable endotoxemia as in patients with only Gram-negative bacteremia. Fourteen percent of patients with Gram-negative sepsis had hypofibrinogenemia, and almost all had elevated levels of fibrinogen degradation products in their serum. Serum triglycerides were elevated in 35% of patients with sepsis, but only two had marked elevations of free fatty acids. Four of eight patients with sepsis had reduced complement levels. The Limulus test can be used prognostically to define a population with a high mortality.