tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Uses of Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Authors: Samuel A. Berkman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Purpose: To ascertain the activity of intravenous immunoglobulin in a wide range of diseases. Data Identification: English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1982 to 89), review of meeting reports, and extensive hand searching of bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: All identified articles. Data Extraction: Study quality and specific descriptive information concerning population, intervention, and outcome measurements were assessed. Results of Data Synthesis: There have been few controlled, randomized trials of intravenous immunoglobulin. Available data suggest efficacy in persons with primary immune deficiency, premature infants at risk for group B streptococcus infection, patients with Kawasaki disease, transplant recipients at risk for cytomegalovirus infection, patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and selected patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Data are also favorable concerning the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in some other autoimmune disorders, but randomized trials are needed. Interesting areas for future study include the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), multiple myeloma, and lymphomas. Risks of intravenous immunoglobulin are minimal. Conclusion: Intravenous immunoglobulin is safe and effective in treating several human diseases. Additional randomized trials are needed.
<scp>l</scp> -Arginine Prevents Xanthoma Development and Inhibits Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Walif Aji, Stefano Ravalli, Matthias Szabolcs, Xian-cheng Jiang, Robert R. Sciacca, Robert E. Michler, Paul J. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The potential antiatherosclerotic actions of NO were investigated in four groups of mice (n=10 per group) lacking functional LDL receptor genes, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Group 1 was fed a regular chow diet. Groups 2 through 4 were fed a 1.25% high-cholesterol diet. In addition, group 3 received supplemental l -arginine and group 4 received l -arginine and N ω -nitro- l -arginine (L-NA), an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). Methods and Results Animals were killed at 6 months; aortas were stained with oil red O for planimetry and with antibodies against constitutive and inducible NOSs. Plasma cholesterol was markedly increased in the animals receiving the high-cholesterol diet. Xanthomas appeared in all mice fed the high-cholesterol diet alone but not in those receiving l -arginine. Aortic atherosclerosis was present in all mice on the high-cholesterol diet. The mean atherosclerotic lesion area was reduced significantly ( P &lt;.01) in the cholesterol-fed mice given l -arginine compared with those receiving the high-cholesterol diet alone. The mean atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly larger ( P &lt;.01) in cholesterol-fed mice receiving l -arginine + L-NA than in those on the high-cholesterol diet alone. Within the atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial cells immunoreacted for endothelial cell NOS; macrophages, foam cells, and smooth muscle cells immunostained strongly for inducible NOS and nitrotyrosine residues. Conclusions The data indicate that l -arginine prevents xanthoma formation and reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. The abrogation of the beneficial effects of l -arginine by L-NA suggests that the antiatherosclerotic actions of l -arginine are mediated by NOS. The data suggest that l -arginine may be beneficial in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Carbohydrate moiety of von Willebrand factor is not necessary for maintaining multimeric structure and ristocetin cofactor activity but protects from proteolytic degradation.
Authors: A B Federici, J H Elder, L De Marco, Z M Ruggeri, T S Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To better define the role of carbohydrate in the structure and ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor, we have removed up to 83% of total hexose by sequential treatment of the molecule with endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase F (endo F), neuraminidase, and beta-galactosidase. Endo F alone removed 69% of total hexose and D-galactose, and 71% of sialic acid. However, there was no discernible loss of large multimers and the ristocetin cofactor activity was decreased by only 11%. The reduced von Willebrand factor subunit migrated more rapidly in polyacrylamide gels containing SDS, consistent with a 10% decrease of molecular mass. All multimers of unreduced carbohydrate-modified von Willebrand factor migrated more rapidly in SDS-agarose, but the triplet pattern of individual multimers was unchanged. This alteration in multimer migration rate did not resemble alterations found so far in von Willebrand disease variants. Further treatment of von Willebrand factor with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase reduced the D-galactose to 15% and ristocetin cofactor activity to 57%. A similar decrease in ristocetin cofactor activity was seen if von Willebrand factor was treated only with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. In contrast, treating von Willebrand factor with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase in the presence of protease inhibitors (20 mM benzamidine, 20 U/ml aprotonin, 15 micrograms/ml leupeptin) resulted in a comparable removal of carbohydrate with no change in ristocetin cofactor activity. Moreover, the multimeric structure remained intact in spite of 80% removal of D-galactose. This suggested that carbohydrate was protecting von Willebrand factor against traces of one or more protease contaminants. Evidence in support of this hypothesis was obtained by exposing von Willebrand factor to plasmin after pretreatment with neuraminidase alone or with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. A loss of large multimers was observed from von Willebrand factor that had been pretreated with neuraminidase, but this was even greater if pretreatment was also with beta-galactosidase. In contrast, the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor with intact carbohydrate was not affected by plasmin under similar conditions. These studies suggest that carbohydrate protects von Willebrand factor from disaggregation occurring secondarily to proteolytic attack but does not play a direct role in maintaining its multimeric structure or ristocetin cofactor activity.
Evaluation of Mitral Annuloplasty for Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: ARTHUR M. ANDERSON, LEONARD A. COBB, ROBERT A. BRUCE, K. ALVIN MERENDINO
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Eleven patients seriously disabled by mitral regurgitation were re-evaluated 4 to 41 months following mitral annuloplasty (average 19.4 months). Preoperative and postoperative comparative data are presented. One patient was unimproved or worse. The rest were subjectively better. Mean changes were transverse cardiac diameter -17.8 mm. (median 15 mm.) ( p &lt; .005); resting stroke index +9 ml./beat/M. 2 (median 9 ml./beat/M. 2 , p &lt; .05); resting cardiac index +0.5 L./min./M. 2 ( p = .20); mean pulmonary artery pressure -7.2 mm. Hg, or 29 per cent (median 8 mm. Hg, p &lt; .03); and arteriovenous oxygen difference -12 ml./L. (median 13 ml./L., p &lt; .005). Abnormally prolonged mixing, as shown by indicator-dilution curves, was decreased in all patients ( p &lt; .05). Exercise testing showed varying degrees of improvement in six of the nine so studied. In six patients mitral regurgitation by angiocardiographic measurements postoperatively represented 0, 0, 21, 24, 35, and 46 per cent of the total left ventricular stroke volume. Two patients had increased end-systolic left ventricular volume as evidence for postoperative left ventricular failure. The other four were probably normal. Ten of the 11 patients showed postoperative improvement that was felt to be significant in two or more of the above objective measures. Striking x-ray improvement in heart size occurred in two patients, eight others showed decreases in transverse diameter of up to 17 mm. One developed an increase in heart size. Although probably improved over their preoperative status, two patients had significant mitral stenosis at the time of re-evaluation. Another showed evidences of progressive mitral regurgitation after an initial period of improvement. Mitral annuloplasty is a palliative procedure with considerable potential for effecting a reduction in regurgitant volume and improving the clinical status of carefully selected patients.
Abstract 2366: Transcriptome analysis of human metastasis prostate cancer cells deciphers new function of Esrrb
Authors: Yuan Lu, Jilong Li, Jianlin Cheng, Dennis B. Lubahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Orphan nuclear receptor family member, Estrogen Related Receptor β (esrrb) became a research hot topic in recent years. Although the function of esrrb is relatively well studied in stem cells and early embryonic development, little is known about its function in cancer. Esrrb is reported to arrest prostate cancer cell cell-cycle by upregulating p21. Here we investigate the transcriptome alteration induced by esrrb expression and its synthetic ligand DY131 in a human prostate cancer cell line. We distinguished 205 qualified differentially expressed (DE) genes regulated by esrrb alone, and 3202 genes with DY131 treatment with esrrb expression, indicating esrrb has both ligand independent and ligand dependent activity. From the esrrb-regulated transcriptome, we established a hypothetical esrrb transcription regulation model in prostate cancer cells by matching the DNA motif recognized by transcriptional factors (TFs) to the promoter sequences of differentially expressed genes. We found esrrb-regulated gene expression is mediated by TAGLN, HOXB2 and HOXB8 from our model. Our findings potentially provide multiple markers to characterize esrrb's function in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Yuan Lu, Jilong Li, Jianlin Cheng, Dennis B. Lubahn. Transcriptome analysis of human metastasis prostate cancer cells deciphers new function of Esrrb. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2366. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2366
Successful reintroduction of methotrexate after pneumonitis in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: N J Cook, G J Carroll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Two patients are described with severe and progressive rheumatoid arthritis in whom methotrexate was reintroduced despite previous methotrexate related pneumonitis. In both patients a marked improvement in disease control occurred without a recurrence of the pneumonitis.
DILANTIN® AND FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Authors: GLENN TISMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 January 1969DILANTIN® AND FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCYGLENN TISMANGLENN TISMANSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-233 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the July 1968 issue of the ANNALS, p. 44, the Question of the Month (Hematology) is ambiguous and possibly incorrect. Dilantin® (Question 37) is matched with Abnormality in Folic Acid Metabolism (Answer D); however, I feel that Folic Acid Deficiency (Answer A) is also an acceptable answer. The correctness of the answer is a moot point, but it does afford the opportunity to mention more recent work demonstrating that inhibition of absorption of dietary folic acid rather than metabolic interference is the mechanism involved in megaloblastic anemia associated with Dilantin administration.Streiff, Rosenberg, Godwin, and Castle...References1. STREIFFROSENBERGGODWINCASTLE RRIHHAWB: Impairment of intestinal deconjugation of dietary folate. Lancet 2: 530, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. HOFFBRANDNECHELES AVTF: Mechanism of folate deficiency in patients receiving phenytoin (Dilantin). Lancet 2: 528, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. STREIFFROSENBERG RRIH: Absorption of polyglutamic folic acid. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 1121, 1967. Google Scholar4. ROSENBERGSTREIFF IHRR: Intestinal folic acid conjugase. Gastroenterology 52: 1117, 1967. Google Scholar5. DRUSKINWALLENBONAGURA MSMHL: Anticonvulsant associated megaloblastic anemia. New Eng. J. Med. 267: 483, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug Interactions Central Nervous System Drugs: Anticonvulsants 1 January 1969Volume 70, Issue 1Page: 233-234KeywordsFolic acidHematology and oncologyMegaloblastic anemia Issue Published: 1 January 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
The anemia of vitamin E deficiency in swine: An experimental model of the human congenital dyserythropoietic anemias
Authors: R. E. Lynch, S. P. Hammar, G. R. Lee, G. E. Cartwright
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract The ultrastructural and erythrokinetic characteristics of vitamin E deficiency in swine were investigated in an effort to evaluate the suitability of the swine disorder as a model of the human congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. The dominant erythrokinetic abnormality in vitamin E deficient pigs, as in the CDAs, is ineffective erythropoiesis. As in some patients with CDA, the activity of a number of erythrocyte enzymes was increased. Distinctive ultrastructual changes previously described in patients with CDA were found in normoblasts from vitamin E deficient pigs. The morphologic, erythrokinetic, biochemical and ultrastructural similarities between vitamin E deficiency in swine and the CDAs in man appear to justify the study of the animal disorder as a model of the human disease. A complete hematologic response was elicited by the administration not only of vitamin E, but also, as in the previous studies of vitamin E deficiency in monkeys, by hexahydrocoenzyme Q 4 . The partial hematologic response occurring after deletion of tocopherol stripped corn oil from the diet indicates that factors other than the dietary lack of vitamin E are important in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Asthma mortality rate in Swedish children and young adults 1973–88
Authors: T. Foucard, V. Graff‐Lonnevig
Journal: Allergy (1994)

To investigate the asthma mortality rate in Sweden for the period 1973–88, we reviewed all death certificates for suspected death from asthma coded as 493 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐8 and ICD‐9 for the age group 1–24 years. Age‐related mortality rates were calculated and compared with the results from a previous Swedish study of 1952–72. To identify factors contributing to death, we assessed hospital records. The mortality rate was 3.46 for the period 1973–88 and 3.31 for the earlier period, a net increase of 5%. This small overall increase includes a minor decrease in deaths for the age group 1–14 years and a rather pronounced increase for 15–24‐year‐old asthmatic patients. More deaths among “mild” asthmatic patients were found in the higher age group for 1986–8 than 1973–81. In younger children, asthma was more severe, and no difference was found between the two periods of the study. Asthma mortality is increasing in Sweden in adolescents and young adults, and there is a tendency to increasing mortality from less severe asthma not treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Bats, Rabies and DDT
Authors: Lewis F. Wells, Kenneth F. Girard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

St. Francis and St. Benedight, Bless this house from wicked wight... Keep it from all evil spirits, Fairies, weasels, bats, and ferrets.... — William Cartwright, A House Blessing (1651).Folklore of all countries is replete with frightening allusions to bats, to their putative evil and loathsome habits. Bats and human beings, however, have probably lived together since human beings first built structures that bats found more suitable than their natural roosting place. Until rather recently, the sharing of quarters by bats and human beings was an accepted part of life in many regions. In the United States, the incidence of . . .
Role of Purkinje Fibers in Post-Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Frank Bogun, Eric Good, Stephen Reich, Darryl Elmouchi, Petar Igic, David Tschopp, Sujoya Dey, Alan Wimmer, Krit Jongnarangsin, Hakan Oral, Aman Chugh, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Long-Term Survival of Xenografted Neonatal Cardiomyocytes by Adenovirus-Mediated CTLA4-Ig Expression and CD40 Blockade
Authors: Tao-Sheng Li, Hiroshi Ito, Koji Kajiwara, Kimikazu Hamano
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Prolonged survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes was achieved by blocking the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway via CTLA4-Ig gene transfer. We examined the long-term survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig expression and transient CD40 blockade with anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (MR1). Methods and Results— Neonatal cardiomyocytes derived from Dark Agouti rats were infected with CTLA4-Ig-expressing adenovirus vectors and injected directly into the normal myocardium of C3H/He mice. Mice were also given an intraperitoneal injection of 500 μg MR1 (CTLA+MR group, n=30) or control immunoglobulin (CTLA group, n=30) 1 hour before and 1, 3, and 7 days after cardiomyocyte implantation. As a control, cells infected with β-Gal-expressing adenovirus vector (RL group, n=15) and cells without infection (control group, n=15) were injected into additional mice. Mice from all groups were killed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after xenotransplantation, and mice from the CTLA+MR and CTLA groups were killed 4 and 6 months after xenotransplantation. Neonatal cardiomyocytes were successfully infected by adenovirus vectors. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the xenografted cardiomyocytes survived and expressed CTLA4-Ig for 6 months in all mice from the CTLA+MR and CTLA groups. A gap junction between the xenografted and host cardiomyocytes was also confirmed. Conversely, neonatal cardiomyocytes did not survive for even 2 weeks after xenotransplantation in the mice from the RL and control groups. Conclusions— Long-term survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes was achieved by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig expression and transient CD40 blockade.
A Noninvasive Test to Determine Paternity in Pregnancy
Authors: Xin Guo, Philip Bayliss, Marian Damewood, John Varney, Emily Ma, Brett Vallecillo, Ravinder Dhallan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

By comparing markers of circulating fetal DNA with markers of maternal DNA and those of DNA obtained from both the biologic father and an unrelated man, investigators were able to identify the biologic father in 30 out of 30 tests.
Wall shear stress temporal gradient and anastomotic intimal hyperplasia.
Authors: M Ojha
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Unusual wall shear stress patterns on the bed of end-to-side arterial anastomoses appear to be the primary factor in the development of intimal hyperplasia that often leads to arterial bypass graft failure. In this in vitro study using the photochromic tracer technique, the shear stress variation on the bed of a 30 degrees anastomosis was examined before and after the development of hyperplasia. With the disease-free model, a rapid downstream shift in the stagnation point was seen on the bed during the systolic phase of the flow cycle, which led to sharp temporal changes in the shear stress from positive to negative values, ie, rapid changes in the direction of the shearing force. The resulting negative temporal gradients were roughly eight times larger than those seen in a straight tube, and it is suggested that this may lead to endothelial deformation or injury and eventually to intimal thickening. With the diseased model, the simulated tissue overgrowth on the bed appeared to act as a flow divider that restricted the motion of the stagnation point, and this drastically reduced the rapid changes in the direction of the shearing forces. Thus, it seems that the development of bed anastomotic intimal hyperplasia may be a response designed to reduce shear-induced endothelial deformation or injury.
Phenmetrazine Hydrochloride in Treatment of Obesity
Authors: J. H. Briggs, P. M. Newland, P. M. F. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1960)

been negative after three subsequent periods.This patient was therefore regarded as cured. Summary and ConclusionsA series of 42 patients were given metronidazole for trichomoniasis; there were two failures (4.7%).This compares favourably with the results of local treatment and with the results of previous oral preparations.Side- effects were infrequent: only one patient developed nausea of sufficient severity to stop the drug.Metronidazole has no effect on candida; with the reduction of their rivals, however, candida may be encouraged.Durel et al. concluded that systemic treatment may be an adjunct to local treatment, but our experience suggests that systemic treatment alone is sufficient for vaginal and urinary infections.With the possibility of treating the husband or consort simultaneously a fruitful source of relapse is overcome.Results have hitherto been such that caution is necessary until findings can be assessed over a longer period, but our evidence in this series seems to justify a more extensive trial of the drug.We gratefully acknowledge the help and co-operation of
The Epidemiology of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Among Heterosexuals
Authors: Harry W. Haverkos
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE PURPOSE of this article is to inform health care professionals about the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are spreading to the heterosexual population in this country. In this introduction, we present generalities about the sexual revolution (which represent our interpretation of readings of the popular press) and review the chronology of risk groups for AIDS identified by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In later sections, we discuss and critique data concerning heterosexual spread of HIV infection and AIDS reported in the United States and in other parts of the world. Finally, we reiterate the Public Health Service's recommendations designed to reduce sexual transmission of HIV infection. Over the last several decades, many societies have undergone a sexual revolution of vast magnitude. Several recent technological advances have preceded this revolution. The discovery of penicillin and other antibiotics that control some sexually
A mouse model of hereditary folate malabsorption: deletion of the PCFT gene leads to systemic folate deficiency
Authors: Konstantin V. Salojin, Robert M. Cabrera, Weimei Sun, Wei Chun Chang, Colin Lin, Lindsay Duncan, Ken A. Platt, Robert Read, Peter Vogel, Qingyun Liu, Richard H. Finnell, Tamas Oravecz
Journal: Blood (2011)
Book: Severed Trust: Why American Medicine Hasn't Been Fixed
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

George D Lundberg with James Stacey Basic Books, £18.99, pp 336 ISBN 0 465 04291 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> In this magnificent insider's account, George Lundberg explains how American medicine got into its current mess and offers suggestions for its resuscitation. Lundberg has spent 50 years in medicine, from pre-med student mopping operating rooms in a country hospital to editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association and now editor in chief of Medscape, a leading internet site. Trained as a pathologist when medicine was changing from general practice to specialisation, he has worked in large and small hospitals across the United States, as a doctor in the US army, as head of pathology at a major teaching hospital, and as a professor at leading … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif