tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implicating a role for immune recognition of self in tumor rejection: passive immunization against the brown locus protein.
Authors: I Hara, Y Takechi, A N Houghton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The immune system can recognize differentiation antigens that are selectively expressed on malignant cells and their normal cell counterparts. However, it is uncertain whether immunity to differentiation antigens can effectively lead to tumor rejection. The mouse brown locus protein, gp75 or tyrosinase-related protein 1, is a melanocyte differentiation antigen expressed by melanomas and normal melanocytes. The gp75 antigen is recognized by autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells in persons with melanoma. To model autoimmunity against a melanocyte differentiation antigen, mouse antibodies against gp75 were passively transferred into tumor-bearing mice. Passive immunization with a mouse monoclonal antibody against gp75 induced protection and rejection of both subcutaneous tumors and lung metastases in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, including established tumors. Passive immunity produced coat color alterations but only in regenerating hairs. This system provides a model for autoimmune vitiligo and shows that immune responses to melanocyte differentiation antigens can influence mouse coat color. Immune recognition of a melanocyte differentiation antigen can reject tumors, providing a basis for targeting tissue autoantigens expressed on cancer.
Detection of Left Atrial Myxoma with SPECT Cardiac Imaging
Authors: MICHAEL G. McLAUGHLIN, LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, STELIO MANGIOLA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 69-year-old man with a left atrial myxoma underwent a gated cardiac blood pool radionuclide study that failed to visualize the cardiac tumor on either the planar images or on the composite cineangiograms from the anterior and 45° LAO projections. A nongated cardiac SPECT examination, however, easily demonstrated the atrial myxoma in its characteristic location, adjacent to the interatrial septum. SPECT dramatically improved the image contrast; provided views in transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes; and allowed direct comparison with computed tomography. Gated cardiac SPECT may be expected to provide a more accurate analysis of the complex motion and attachment site of these intracardiac tumors, as well as a more accurate tumor volume analysis.
Danger of Pesticides to the Liver
Authors: Mitchell R. Zavon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— A hearty amen to your editorial Safe Use of Pesticides in the Nov 2, 1964, issue (JAMA190:466), and a quibble about one statement therein. I doubt very much if careful consideration of the data will bear out the statement, Because organophosphorus and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides are particularly toxic to the liver.... This is a common misconception (particularly with regard to the chlorinated hydrocarbon group) based on experimental work with rats and an analogy to carbon tetrachloride. It has caused considerable wasted effort in diagnosis and treatment. The truth of the matter is that these two groups of poisons are not at all particularly toxic to the liver of Homo sapiens and must be viewed primarily as directed in their effect to the central and peripheral nervous systems in our species.
Biotechnology company's shares dive 67% after drug failure
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The United Kingdom's emerging biotechnology industry has suffered another bruising, with the share price of Cantab Pharmaceuticals plunging 67% after trials found that its treatment for recurring genital warts was no better than placebo.

A month earlier, shares in Scotia Holdings fell by 60% after it failed to get US regulatory approval for its leading drug for cancer. Last year in the wake of the first results from a programme of 10 randomised controlled trials of Marimastat, British Biotech's share price fell to an all time low.

According to the industry, these huge falls …
Comparison of the seasonal patterns of asthma identified in general practitioner episodes, hospital admissions, and deaths
Authors: D M Fleming, K W Cross, R Sunderland, A M Ross
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> E-cigarettes are a highly popular nicotine replacement therapy in the process of smoking cessation. Despite this, research on the effects of E-vapours to human health remains limited. The popularity of vaping and mass production of cheap E-liquids has led to compromised safety regulations, with contaminants such as heavy metals and alkaloids detected in multiple liquids. Vaporised E-liquids increase cellular ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine release from pulmonary macrophages. This suggests that E-cigarette usage might activate inflammasomes. Common food additives vegetable glycerine (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) form the base of all E-liquids, but little is known about their inflammatory potential once inhaled. Here, the effect of base components PG and VG on inflammasome activation and cytokine release was investigated in macrophages and epithelial cells exposed to E-liquids and vaporised E-liquid extract (E-vapour). Base E-liquid and E-vapour did not induce cellular cytotoxicity and non-vapourised E-liquid had no effect on IL-8 release. However, basic PG/VG E-vapour inhibited both IL-8 release and conventional inflammasome activation by known inflammatory activators in macrophages and epithelial cells. These results propose a novel inhibitory effect of basic E-vapour components to inflammatory challenges.
Analysis of symptoms and endoscopic findings in 117 patients with histological diagnoses of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: S. Müller, S. Pühl, M. Vieth, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Although eosinophilic esophagitis has been increasingly diagnosed over recent years, little is known about this disease. In this study, symptoms, accompanying allergic disorders, and endoscopic findings in 117 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were analyzed retrospectively.The physicians who had treated the 117 patients (mean age 42.2 years; 9 children, 108 adults; male patients 71.8%) with the histological diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis were asked to provide data on symptoms, accompanying allergic disorders, and endoscopic findings.In 82.2% of the patients symptoms appeared in adulthood, predominantly between the ages of 21 and 30 years. The average duration of symptoms until final diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis was 4.2 years (range 0-44 years). The most frequent symptom was dysphagia (70.1%), followed by heartburn (47%), chest pain (29%), epigastric pain (29%), and a combination of dysphagia and heartburn (29%). Allergic disorders were seen in 48.7% of our patients. The most frequent endoscopic findings were stipple-like exudates (25.6%), linear fissures (25.6%), and reddening (25.6%), followed by rings (18.8%) and strictures (16.2%) of the esophagus. The esophageal mucosa was regarded as "normal" in 24.8% of the patients.Dysphagia in the second or third decade of life may suggest eosinophilic esophagitis. Symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis may be indistinguishable from those of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The endoscopic appearance is not specific. Biopsies taken from multiple locations in the esophageal mucosa are essential for diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis.
Abstract 13: Expression of mutant c-KIT isoforms in fibroblasts causes tumorigenic transformation
Authors: Tuddow Thaiwong, Matti Kiupel, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The type III membrane tyrosine kinase receptor c-KIT is a proto-oncogene and has been shown to harbor activating mutations in a variety of cancers in humans and dogs. Specifically, deletion in codon 556-558, changing VQWKVV to VQFV (Del2) and deletion in codon 556-557, changing VQWKVV to VQVV (Del9) have been observed in both human and canine human gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). These and similar deletions are also found in some canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). In addition, internal tandem repeat duplications in exon 11 are also observed in canine MCTs. However, the significance of these mutations in driving the tumorigenic process has not been previously assessed. To directly test the hypothesis that mutant c-KIT isoforms observed in spontaneous tumors in humans and dogs are capable of driving the tumorigenic process, each isoform was ectopically expressed in canine primary fibroblasts which normally do not express c-KIT. Transfection of cells with constructs each expressing either the two exon 11 deletion mutants (Del2 and Del9) and one exon 11 duplication mutant, but not normal c-KIT, resulted in neoplastic transformation in vitro. Each transformed cell line was evaluated for the tumorigenic phenotype via the ability to invade matrigel, grow on soft agar and grow in low serum. All transformed cells displayed an invasive tumorigenic phenotype in contrast to normal fibroblasts. In vivo tumorigencity of each transformed cell line was evaluated using subcutaneous injection of one hundred thousand or one million cells of each cell line at three sites each in NSG (NOD scid gamma) immunodeficient mice. All transformed cell lines resulted in tumors at the injection site regardless of the dose. Histologically, all appeared to be sarcomas, with some showing ostoid deposition, thereby warranting the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. With Del2 transformed cells, five of the six tumors were osteosarcomas with two showing metastatic lesions upon necropsy. With Del9 transformed cells three out of six tumors were osteosarcomas and no metastasis was noted. With the duplication mutation three out of the six tumors were osteosarcoma. These findings provide strong support that these mutant c-KIT isoforms are sufficient to derive the tumorigenic process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 13. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-13
Cognitive function in patients with decompensated heart failure: the Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure (CogImpair‐HF) study
Authors: Ingrid Kindermann, Denise Fischer, Julia Karbach, Andreas Link, Katrin Walenta, Christine Barth, Christian Ukena, Felix Mahfoud, Volker Köllner, Michael Kindermann, Michael Böhm
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Induction of hepatocyte growth factor activator messenger RNA in the liver following tissue injury and acute inflammation
Authors: A. Okajima, K. Miyazawa, Y. Naitoh, K. Inoue, N. Kitamura
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) is a serine protease that is responsible for localized activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in injured tissue. The activated HGF may be involved in regeneration of the injured tissue. HGFA is produced and secreted by the liver and circulates in the plasma as an inactive zymogen. In response to tissue injury, the HGFA zymogen is converted to the active form by limited proteolysis. In this study, we isolated a rat HGFA complementary DNA (cDNA) clone and analyzed the production of HGFA messenger RNA (mRNA) in response to tissue injury using this cDNA clone as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA revealed that the amino acid sequences of rat and human HGFA showed a high degree of conservation in the regions of the characteristic domain structures, suggesting that rat and human HGFA are activated by a similar mechanism and have similar enzymatic activities in vivo. Tissue distribution analysis showed that the liver was the major site of rat HGFA mRNA synthesis. Moreover, the cells producing HGFA mRNA were identified as parenchymal liver cells. The level of HGFA mRNA increased in the liver after hepatotoxin or nephrotoxin treatment. This increase was also observed during acute inflammation induced by turpentine. These results suggest that the increase in production of HGFA mRNA in response to tissue injury is the result of an inflammatory response, and that HGFA is an acute phase protein.
Effects of olsalazine in the jejunum of the rat.
Authors: A Q Mohsen, D Mulvey, J D Priddle, D S Parsons, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1987)

Olsalazine (ADS) is the azo-linked dimer of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). It is of value for the management of patients with ulcerative colitis but may be associated with increasing diarrhoea in a few. This study examines the effect of 5-ASA and ADS on small intestinal transport systems of the rat. Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution was circulated through the lumen of a jejunal segment and the appearance of fluid, glucose and lactate on the serosal surface was shown to be linear over a two hour period. Addition of 5-ASA (10 mmol/l) or ADS (5 mmol/l and 10 mmol/l) caused a significant inhibition both of fluid transport (p less than 0.001), and of the appearance of glucose (p less than 0.001) and lactate (p less than 0.001 for 5 mmol/l and 10 mmol/l ADS, p less than 0.01 for 10 mmol/l 5-ASA). The uptake of glucose by rings of rat jejunum was shown to be markedly reduced by ADS. Experiments substituting glucose with either sucrose of 2-aminoisobutyric acid showed that ADS (5 mmol/l, 10 mmol/l) also inhibited the serosal appearance of fructose and the amino acid. These results show that 5-ASA and ADS, at concentrations which could be expected in the jejunum of patients receiving therapeutic doses, are able to inhibit small intestinal transport systems. The resulting increase in load on the diseased colon could be important for the pathogenesis of diarrhoea.
Causal Effect of Public Space Smoking Bans?
Authors: Marco D. Huesch
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Kings Fund calls for NHS to be made a corporation
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The King's Fund, an independent think tank has reported that the NHS needs a “clearer separation of the government from the delivery of health care” and not more money.

In a report published last week, the King's Fund said that although the NHS has had a history of underfunding and lack of capacity compared with European neighbours, finding answers to where money should come …
Research Opportunities for Cancer Associated with Indoor Air Pollution from Solid-Fuel Combustion
Authors: Britt C. Reid, Armen A. Ghazarian, David M. DeMarini, Amir Sapkota, Darby Jack, Qing Lan, Deborah M. Winn, Linda S. Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Indoor air pollution (IAP) derived largely from the use of solid fuels for cooking and heating affects about 3 billion people worldwide, resulting in substantial adverse health outcomes, including cancer. Women and children from developing countries are the most exposed populations. A workshop was held in Arlington, Virginia, 9-11 May 2011, to better understand women's and children's potential health effects from IAP in developing countries. Workshop participants included international scientists, manufacturers, policy and regulatory officials, community leaders, and advocates who held extensive discussions to help identify future research needs.Our objective was to identify research opportunities regarding IAP and cancer, including research questions that could be incorporated into studies of interventions to reduce IAP exposure. In this commentary, we describe the state of the science in understanding IAP and its associations with cancer and suggest research opportunities for improving our understanding of the issues.Opportunities for research on IAP and cancer include studies of the effect of IAP on cancers other than lung cancer; studies of genetic factors that modify susceptibility; studies to determine whether the effects of IAP are mediated via germline, somatic, and/or epigenetic changes; and studies of the effects of IAP exposure via dermal and/or oral routes.IAP from indoor coal use increases the risk of lung cancer. Installing chimneys can reduce risk, and some genotypes, including GSTM1-null, can increase risk. Additional research is needed regarding the effects of IAP on other cancers and the effects of different types of solid fuels, oral and dermal routes of IAP exposure, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and genetic susceptibility.
Abstract 5217: MMP9 is a prognostic biomarker for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Jeroen A.C.M Goos, Remond J.A. Fijneman, Albert A. Geldof, DeCoDe PET Group, Gerrit A. Meijer, Otto S. Hoekstra
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Worldwide almost 700000 patients are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) each year. Of these patients more than 45% die as a consequence of metastases, of which the majority is located in the liver. Although patient selection for hepatectomy by 18FDG PET has significantly reduced futile surgery (Ruers, J Nucl Med 2009), 70% of all operated patients still die of metastases within 5 years after hepatic resection. To improve prediction of patient outcome, novel PET tracers with better prognostic value are needed. Matrix metalloproteinases, frequently associated with reduced survival in several types of cancer, might serve as prognostic biomarkers that can be used in PET imaging. Aim: To investigate the prognostic value of MMP9 expression in colon cancer liver metastases. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colon cancer liver metastases, collected from 85 patients having had curative hepatectomy between 1990 and 2009, were incorporated into tissue microarrays (TMAs). MMP9 expression in both epithelial and stromal cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and expression was correlated to patient survival data. Survival analysis was performed using a log rank test. Results: Mean age of the colon cancer patients (62.1% males, 37.9% females) was 62.0 (standard deviation 10.5). Chemotherapy was received by 45.9% (15.3% neoadjuvant, 14.1% adjuvant, 16.5% palliative) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was performed in 10.8%. Median overall survival was 35.0 months (standard deviation 5.7). High expression of MMP9 by epithelial colon cancer cells within the liver metastases was associated with increased survival rates (p=0.007 for disease-free survival and p=0.056 for overall survival). MMP9 expression in stromal cells was not associated with patient survival. Discussion and conclusion: Our results suggest that elevated levels of MMP9 in metastatic epithelial colon cancer cells are indicative of a good prognosis. Whether MMP9 qualifies as a target with prognostic relevance for imaging of lesions in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer remains to be determined. This research was supported by the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine (DeCoDe project). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5217
The prevalence and distribution of food sensitization in European adults
Authors: P. G. J. Burney, J. Potts, I. Kummeling, E. N. C. Mills, M. Clausen, R. Dubakiene, L. Barreales, C. Fernandez-Perez, M. Fernandez-Rivas, T.-M. Le, A. C. Knulst, M. L. Kowalski, J. Lidholm, B. K. Ballmer-Weber, C. Braun-Fahlander, T. Mustakov, T. Kralimarkova, T. Popov, A. Sakellariou, N. G. Papadopoulos, S. A. Versteeg, L. Zuidmeer, J. H. Akkerdaas, K. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, R. van Ree
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Complaints of 'food allergy' are increasing. Standardized surveys of IgE sensitization to foods are still uncommon and multicountry surveys are rare. We have assessed IgE sensitization to food-associated allergens in different regions of Europe using a common protocol.Participants from general populations aged 20-54 years in eight European centres (Zurich, Madrid, Utrecht, Lodz, Sophia, Athens, Reykjavik and Vilnius) were asked whether they had allergic symptoms associated with specific foods. Weighted samples of those with and without allergic symptoms then completed a longer questionnaire and donated serum for IgE analysis by ImmunoCAP for 24 foods, 6 aeroallergens and, by allergen microarray, for 48 individual food proteins.The prevalence of IgE sensitization to foods ranged from 23.6% to 6.6%. The least common IgE sensitizations were to fish (0.2%), milk (0.8%) and egg (0.9%), and the most common were to hazelnut (9.3%), peach (7.9%) and apple (6.5%). The order of prevalence of IgE sensitization against different foods was similar in each centre and correlated with the prevalence of the pollen-associated allergens Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 (r = 0.86). IgE sensitization to plant allergen components unrelated to pollen allergens was more evenly distributed and independent of pollen IgE sensitization (r = -0.10). The most common foods containing allergens not cross-reacting with pollens were sesame, shrimp and hazelnut.IgE sensitization to foods is common, but varies widely and is predominantly related to IgE sensitization to pollen allergens. IgE sensitization to food allergens not cross-reacting with pollens is rare and more evenly distributed.
Indian childhood cirrhosis in the United Kingdom.
Authors: H J Klass, J K Kelly, T W Warnes
Journal: Gut (1980)

Two young brothers with cirrhosis are reported. They are the issue of a first-cousin marriage between Bangladeshi parents. The older boy was born in Bangladesh, the younger in England. A diagnosis of Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) was made on the basis of the clinical features and the liver histology. The younger brother represents the first example of this disease in a patient born in the United Kingdom.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition limits abnormal COX-2 expression and progressive injury in the remnant kidney
Authors: Clarice Kazue Fujihara, Gláucia Rutigliano Antunes, A.N.A. Lúcia Mattar, Natalie Andreoli, Denise Maria Avancini, Costa Malheiros, Irene Lourdes Noronha, Roberto Zatz
Journal: Kidney International (2003)