tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Lymph Node Basins in Melanoma Patients Undergoing Sentinel Node Biopsy
Authors: Jeffrey D. Wagner, Donald Schauwecker, Darrell Davidson, John J. Coleman III, Scott Saxman, Gary Hutchins, Charlene Love, John T. Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of regional lymph node basins to sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I, II, and III melanoma localized to the skin. METHODS: Patients with cutaneous melanoma with Breslow's depth greater than 1 mm (AJCC T2-4N0M0) or localized regional cutaneous recurrence (TxN2bM0) underwent whole-body imaging of glucose metabolism with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET followed by SNB. PET scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion and compared with histologic analyses of SNB specimens and clinical follow-up examination. Nodal tumor volumes were estimated. RESULTS: Eighty-nine lymph node basins were evaluated by FDG-PET and SNB in 70 assessable patients. Eighteen patients (25.7%) had lymph node metastases at the time of FDG-PET imaging: 17 proved by SNB (24.3%) and one by follow-up examination (1.4%). Median tumor volume in positive sentinel node basins was 4.3 mm 3 (range, 0.07 to 523 mm 3 ). Sensitivity of SNB for detection of occult regional lymph node metastases was 94.4%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.6%. Sensitivity of FDG-PET was 16.7%, specificity was 95.8%, PPV was 50%, and NPV was 81.9%. At a median follow-up duration of 16.6 months, seven patients (10%) developed recurrent disease. PET predicted one recurrence (14.3%) in a node basin missed by SNB. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET is an insensitive indicator of occult regional lymph node metastases in patients with melanoma because of the minute tumor volumes in this population. FDG-PET does not have a primary role for staging regional nodes in patients with clinically localized melanoma.
Rhinovirus-16 Colds in Healthy and in Asthmatic Subjects
Authors: H. EDWARD FLEMING, FRÉDÉRIC F. LITTLE, DAVID SCHNURR, PEDRO C. AVILA, HOFER WONG, JANE LIU, SHIGEO YAGI, HOMER A. BOUSHEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Rhinovirus (RV) infections appear to precipitate most asthma exacerbations. To investigate whether RV-16 induces different inflammatory changes in upper and lower airways of asthmatic and healthy subjects, we inoculated 10 nonatopic healthy and 11 atopic asthmatic adults with 2,000 TCID50 RV-16. Subjects recorded symptoms and peak flow daily; and they underwent spirometry, methacholine challenge (PC20), nasal lavage, and sputum induction at baseline and on Days 2, 4, 15, and 29 d after inoculation. One asthmatic subject developed an exacerbation requiring prednisone treatment 5 d after inoculation. The cold symptom severity (Jackson score) did not differ between groups. During the cold, asthma symptoms increased slightly from baseline in the asthmatic group; and PC20 decreased in the healthy group. However, peak flow, bronchodilator use, and spirometry did not change in either group. At baseline, asthmatics had higher neutrophils, eosinophils, and interleukin (IL)-6 in nasal lavage. After inoculation, both groups developed significant increases in nasal neutrophils, IL-6 and IL-8, and modest increases in sputum neutrophils and IL-6, but not IL-8. However, these changes did not differ between groups. IL-5, interferon- γ , and RANTES were detected only in nasal lavages from two asthmatic subjects, who had the most severe colds. IL-11 was not detected in any sample. We conclude that inflammatory responses of upper and lower airways during RV-16 colds are similar in asthmatic and healthy subjects, and that RV-16 infection is not by itself sufficient to provoke clinical worsening of asthma.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Sleep Apnea
Authors: PIERRE MAYER, MAURICE DEMATTEIS, JEAN LOUIS PÉPIN, BERNARD WUYAM, DAN VEALE, ANNICK VILA, PATRICK LÉVY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well known to induce peripheral neuropathy and resistance to ischemic nerve conduction failure (RICF), we performed a case–control study examining peripheral nerve function during ischemia in 17 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without daytime hypoxemia and 10 control subjects. Median nerve conduction was studied before, during, and after a 30-min period of ischemia. Preischemic sensory and mixed nerve potential amplitudes and sensory conduction velocity were lower in OSA patients than in control subjects despite higher supramaximal stimulation. During ischemia, seven OSA patients manifested RICF (OSA-RICF), whereas both the other 10 patients, who were nonresistant to ischemic conduction failure (OSA-NR), and control subjects did not. OSA-RICF patients had the lowest initial nerve-potential amplitude, whereas OSA-NR patients had a response intermediate between that of control subjects and OSA-RICF patients. OSA-RICF patients had a lower mean nocturnal SaO2 and a higher body mass index (BMI) and duration of SaO2 < 70% than did OSA-NR patients. Seven patients (four OSA-RICF and three OSA-NR) were reevaluated after at least 2 mo of treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). RICF disappeared in all OSA-RICF patients, whereas preischemic nerve conduction parameters were unchanged in both OSA-RICF and OSA-NR patients. Thus OSA patients have peripheral nerve dysfunction whose severity is partly related to the level of nocturnal hypoxemia. Abnormal preischemic nerve conduction suggests axonal lesions, whereas RICF, which appears to be a sensitive but nonspecific tissue marker of the severity of hypoxemia, may result from adaptative mechanisms.
The Ontogenesis of Human Fetal Hormones
Authors: S. L. Kaplan, M. M. Grumbach, T. H. Shepard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The content and concentration of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) were measured in 117 human fetal pituitary glands from 68 days of gestation to term and in the pituitary glands of 20 children 1 month to 9 yr of age. Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of GH of fetal pituitary glands and GH from adult pituitary glands were indistinguishable by disc gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, starch gel electrophoresis, and radioimmunoassay techniques. In the fetal pituitary gland, the GH content rose from mean levels of 0.44+/-0.2 mug at 10-14 wk of gestation, to 9.21+/-2.31 mug at 15-19 wk, to 59.38+/-11.08 mug at 20-24 wk, to 225.93+/-40.49 mug at 25-29 wk, to 577.67+/-90 mug at 30-34 wk, and to 675.17+/-112.33 mug at 35-40 wk. There was a significant positive correlation between growth hormone content of the pituitary and gestational age, crown-rump length, and the weight of the pituitary gland. The content and concentration (micrograms/milligram) of human growth hormone (HGH) in the fetal pituitary showed significant increments (P < 0.001) for each 4 wk period of gestation until 35 wk. Further increases in the HGH content were noted in pituitaries of children aged 1-9 yr (range of 832 to 11.211 mug). Immunoreactive GH was detected in fetal serum at a concentration of 14.5 ng/ml as early as 70 days gestation, the youngest fetus assayed. At 10-14 wk, the mean concentration of serum growth hormone was 65.2+/-7.6 ng/ml; at 15-19 wk 114.9+/-12.5 ng/ml; at 20-24 wk 119.3+/-19.8 ng/ml; at 25-29 wk 72.0+/-11.5 ng/ml; and 33.5+/-4.2 ng/ml at term. A significant negative correlation of serum growth hormone with advancing gestational age after 20-24 wk was observed (P < 0.001). In 17 fetuses paired serum and pituitary samples were assayed; no significant correlation between the concentration of serum GH and the pituitary content or concentration of GH was demonstrable. The serum concentration of chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in the fetus was unrelated to gestational age. Insulin (1-30 muU/ml) was detected in 42 of 46 fetal sera assayed. These data suggest that the appearance and development of the secretory capacity for GH by the human fetal pituitary gland coincides with developmental changes in the portal system and hypothalamus. Maturation of inhibitory central nervous system control mechanisms for secretion of GH may not occur until infancy.
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Chronic urticaria is to the allergist what dizziness is to the neurologist-a complaint which frequently leads to frustration on the part of both the doctor and patient.Anaphylaxis is the nightmare of every doctor.The stated aim of this volume, which is one of a series on allergic disease in therapy under series editor David G Tinkelman, is to provide a practical guide to the investigation and treatment of these difficult conditions.In fact it is a series of detailed chapters covering various aspects, mostly lucidly written and intensively referenced.
Risk factors of Ganciclovir-related neutropenia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective monocentre study on 547 patients
Authors: G. Venton, R. Crocchiolo, S. Fürst, A. Granata, C. Oudin, C. Faucher, D. Coso, R. Bouabdallah, P. Berger, N. Vey, P. Ladaique, C. Chabannon, M. le Merlin, D. Blaise, J. El-Cheikh
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Attitudes about genetic testing for breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility.
Authors: C Lerman, M Daly, A Masny, A Balshem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE In anticipation of the availability of genetic testing for a breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1), this study examined interest in and expectations about the impact of a potential genetic test. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects were 121 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of ovarian cancer patients. The design was cross-sectional. Subjects completed a structured telephone interview of attitudes about cancer and genetic testing, and self-report psychologic questionnaires to assess coping style and mood disturbance. RESULTS Overall, 75% of FDRs said that they would definitely want to be tested for BRCA1 and 20% said they probably would. In bivariate analyses, interest was associated positively with education, perceived likelihood of being a gene carrier, perceived risk of ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer worries, and mood disturbance. In logistic regression analysis, perceived likelihood of being a gene carrier was associated strongly with interest (odds ratio, 3.7; P = .006). Results of stepwise linear regression modeling indicated that an anticipated negative impact of genetic testing was associated with being younger (beta = -.66, P = .009), having more mood disturbance (beta = .015, P = .01), and having an information-seeking coping style (beta = .19, P = .002). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the demand for genetic testing for BRCA1 among FDRs of cancer patients may be great. Moreover, those who elect to participate may represent a more psychologically vulnerable subgroup of high-risk women.
Influence of Basal Insulin and Glucagon Secretion on Potassium and Sodium Metabolism
Authors: Ralph A. Defronzo, Robert S. Sherwin, Mark Dillingham, Rosa Hendler, William V. Tamborlane, Philip Felig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To examine the role of basal insulin and glucagon secretion in potassium and sodium homeostasis, somatostatin, a potent inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion, was infused for 5 h into healthy human subjects, maturity-onset diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetics, and normal dogs. Infusion of somatostatin resulted in an increase in serum potassium (0.5-0.6 meq/liter) in normal subjects and maturity-onset diabetics, but not in juvenile-onset diabetics despite equivalent reductions in plasma glucagon in all three groups. A similar rise in serum potassium was observed in normal conscious dogs given somatostatin and was reversed by insulin replacement. Urinary excretion of potassium was unaffected by somatostatin.
Late-breaking abstract: First 24 lung transplantations: Single center results from Turkey
Authors: Songül Büyükkale, Nur Dilek Bakan, Özgür Isgörücü, Necati Çitak, Derya Cenger, Adalet Demir, Baris Açikmese, Cem Emrah Kalafat, Lütfiye Kiliç, Adnan Sayar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: To evaluate and share the first lung transplantation results of our transplant center.

Methods: Records of lung transplant recipients were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, diagnosis at referral, time on waiting list, major complications following lung transplantation (LT) and survival was analyzed.

Results: Twenty-three patients (14 male, 9 female) underwent 24 lung transplantations (7 single LT, 17 double LT) in our transplant center over a 26 month period from March 2012 to May 2014. Mean age was 39.5. Indications for LT were; 6 (25%) bronchiectasis, 6 (25%) COPD, 2 (8.3%) IPF, 2 (8.3%) sarcoidosis, 4 (16,6%) non-IPF interstitial lung disease, 1 (5%) alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, 1 (4.1%) tuberculosis sequela, 1 (4.1%) alveolar microlithiasis, and 1 (4.1%) bilateral extensive bronchial narrowing following double LT. All recipients had respiratory failure on referral and were on long-term oxygen therapy. Mean time on waiting list was 6 months. Major complications were; intraoperative bleeding, thrombocytopenia, bronchial stenoses, acute renal failure. Six (26.1%) patients died in the postoperative 30-day period. Median survival time was 485.3±81.5 days (range: 13-804 days).

Conclusion: The first results has shown relatively high early postoperative mortality rates, when compared to the results published by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation. This was thought to be related to the diffuse pleural thickening and adhesions, which was common in our recipient population.
Intolerance to Oral and Intravenous Calcium Supplements in Atopic Eczema
Authors: J Devlin, T J David
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

Children treated with dietary restriction for food intolerance may require calcium supplementation, particularly if cows' milk and milk substitutes are not tolerated 12 . We report two children with atopic eczema who reacted adversely to a number of calcium supplement formulations.
Insulin B chain 9–23 gene transfer to hepatocytes protects from type 1 diabetes by inducing Ag-specific FoxP3 <sup>+</sup> T <sub>regs</sub>
Authors: Mahzad Akbarpour, Kevin S. Goudy, Alessio Cantore, Fabio Russo, Francesca Sanvito, Luigi Naldini, Andrea Annoni, Maria Grazia Roncarolo
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Hepatocyte-targeted InsB 9–23 gene transfer protects from type 1 diabetes by inducing antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
Prevention of the recurrent acute respiratory viral infections in children
Authors: Andrey Zaplatnikov, Nina Korovina, Irina Zakharova, Elena Burtseva, Gulfia Mingalimova, Ludmila Zaplatnikova, Irina Zak, Ludmila Shamrai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: It is known that recurrent episodes of acute respiratory viral infections (recurrent ARVI) are common for children attending nursery school.  Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon inducer (IFN-i - «Anaferon») in prevention of recurrent ARVI in children.  Methods: The open comparative prospective 2-center clinical trial of efficacy was conducted. The trial was performed in 141 children at the age of 1-5 years. 50 children included in 1-st group received IFN-i repeatedly in preventive regimen: 1 pill 1 time in a day for 3 months (the previous preventive course was administered 6 months before the trial). 75 children of 2-d group took IFN-i for the first time in the same preventive regimen. The 3-d group consisted of 16 children and they didn9t receive medical prevention of ARVI. In case of appearing the ARVI symptoms all children received symptomatic medicines. The percent of children becoming ill with ARVI for a first time and recurrent ARVI were evaluated.  Results: For 3 months follow-up period 28% of children suffered from ARVI in 1-st group, 56% in 2-d group and 87,5% in 3-d group. There wasn9t registered any case of recurrent ARVI in 1-st group, recurrent episodes (2 episodes) of ARVI observed in 9,3% of children in 2-d group. Cases of recurrent morbidity were seen in 75% of children in 3-d group (about 44% of children suffered from more than 2 episodes of ARVI). There were not registered any adverse effects in a children taking IFN-i during the trial.  Conclusions: The repeated preventive administration of IFN-i (anaferon) allows to decrease the morbidity and the frequency of recurrent ARVI episodes in a children attending nursery schools without decreased its efficacy.
Maintenance treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: N HOIBY
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Thirty years ago Staphylococcus aureus and not Pseudomonas aeruginosa was considered to be the most important lung pathogen in cystic fibrosis. 1 Those who believed that P aeruginosa was a pathogen in cystic fibrosis thought that various virulence factors such as exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase, alkaline protease, phospholipase C, lipopolysaccharide and phenazine pigments were responsible for the lung tissue damage by drawing parallels with acute P aeruginosa infections in patients with burns or leukaemia. 2Only acute exacerbations, frequently caused by a virus, 3 were therefore treated with antibiotics, although invasive disseminating P aeruginosa infection on August 19, 2023 by guest.
Enhanced liver fibrosis score predicts transplant‐free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Mette Vesterhus, Johannes Roksund Hov, Anders Holm, Erik Schrumpf, Ståle Nygård, Kristin Godang, Ina Marie Andersen, Sigrid Næss, Douglas Thorburn, Francesca Saffioti, Morten Vatn, Odd Helge Gilja, Fridtjof Lund‐Johansen, Trygve Syversveen, Knut Brabrand, Albert Parés, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Massimo Pinzani, Martti Färkkilä, Bjørn Moum, Thor Ueland, Helge Røsjø, William Rosenberg, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Tom H. Karlsen
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

There is a need to determine biomarkers reflecting disease activity and prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We evaluated the prognostic utility of the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score in Norwegian PSC patients. Serum samples were available from 305 well-characterized large-duct PSC patients, 96 ulcerative colitis patients, and 100 healthy controls. The PSC patients constituted a derivation panel (recruited 1992-2006 [n = 167]; median age 41 years, 74% male) and a validation panel (recruited 2008-2012 [n = 138]; median age 40 years, 78% male). We used commercial kits to analyze serum levels of hyaluronic acid, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and propeptide of type III procollagen and calculated ELF scores by the previously published algorithm. Results were also validated by analysis of ELF tests using the ADVIA Centaur XP system and its commercially available reagents. We found that PSC patients stratified by ELF score tertiles exhibited significantly different transplant-free survival in both panels (P < 0.001), with higher scores associated with shorter survival, which was confirmed in the validation panel stratified by ELF test tertiles (P = 0.003). The ELF test distinguished between mild and severe disease defined by clinical outcome (transplantation or death) with an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.87) and optimal cutoff of 10.6 (sensitivity 70.2%, specificity 79.1%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis in both panels, ELF score (hazard ratio = 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.5, and 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, respectively) was associated with transplant-free survival independently of the Mayo risk score (hazard ratio = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, and 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1, respectively). The ELF test correlated with ultrasound elastography in separate assessments.The ELF score is a potent prognostic marker in PSC, independent of the Mayo risk score.
Acute effects of zolpidem, triazolam and flunitrazepam on arterial blood gases and control of breathing in severe COPD
Authors: D Murciano, MH Armengaud, PH Cramer, E Neveux, C L'Heritier, R Pariente, M Aubier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly complain of insomnia, but hypnotic drugs are generally not recommended due to their depressant effect on the respiratory centres. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the effects of a single dose of the benzodiazepine hypnotics, triazolam 0.25 mg and flunitrazepam 1 mg, and a new imidazopyridine compound, zolpidem 10 mg, in hypercapnic COPD patients. Twelve stable COPD patients (mean +/- SD arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 9.3 +/- 0.8 kPa and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 5.9 +/- 1.9 kPa) were included in the study. The following measurements were performed before and 2 h after drug administration: PaO2 and PaCO2, minute ventilation (VE), mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1), rebreathing CO2 tests with ventilatory response to carbon dioxide stimulation (delta VE/delta PACO2) and mouth occlusion pressure response to carbon dioxide stimulation (delta P0.1/delta PACO2). The measurements were performed in a randomized, double-blind fashion, each patient receiving a single dose of each drug on three different days, separated by a one week interval. No difference was noted between control measurements and those taken 2 h after administration of zolpidem in the following parameters: PaCO2, PaCO2, VE, P0.1, delta VE/delta PACO2 and delta P0.1/PACO2. Two hours after administration of triazolam and flunitrazepam, a significant difference was noted in VE for triazolam and for flunitrazepam. After flunitrazepam administration, a significant decrease in PaCO2 (6 +/- 1.8 at baseline versus 7 +/- 0.4 kPa), and delta VE/PACO2 (0.44 +/- 0.20 at baseline versus 0.31 +/- 0.21 l.min-1 x kPa) were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Patient Preference and Validity of Randomized Controlled Trials—Reply
Authors: Michael King, Irwin Nazareth, Fiona Lampe, Peter Bower
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal