tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
War on the roads
Authors: J G. Avery
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Analyse the assumptions that drivers make when they complain about road safety campaigns and you must conclude that drivers believe that they and their business are inherently more important than the lives of anyone on foot. There is no other explanation for their attitudes. Scratch a driver and you find someone who really believes—perhaps without even realising it—that he or she has the right to kill people who happen to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.

How else do you explain the way that one acquaintance told me about a neighbour's recent experience? The neighbour had turned too fast around a corner and run into two young girls on a crossing. One was killed, the other badly injured. “Poor chap,” said the man. “He didn't stand a chance.”

No thought of the chances of the children in the neighbour's path. You can be certain that he faced a fine and that the girls' parents wished they had got away as lightly.

This is a British problem. Walk around Vancouver, or Detroit, or even southern Portugal and most drivers will let you cross the road they are turning into—as is still provided by law in the United Kingdom but universally ignored. Drivers in these and other places tend to treat people on foot as no different from themselves.

Perhaps as a legacy of the days when the gentry drove round in carriages, generations of British schoolchildren have been indoctrinated to defer to drivers. If they so much as hear a car, they are told, they should wait until it goes by.

The lesson is that the police and others who indoctrinate children this way are not teaching pedestrians, they are teaching tomorrow's drivers. When these children pass their driving tests they expect to inherit a level of abjection no civilised society should tolerate.

Surely drivers who don't accept a duty of care to other road users and who drive without regard for the safety of others are unwell, whatever the medical term. If you doubt this, think what would happen if they acted similarly in any context other than a conflict between driver and pedestrian or cyclist.

It is a matter that needs to be emphasised in the BMJ because, whatever the (under-reported) statistics tell us, the undeclared war on child and other pedestrians is sapping the NHS of resources and inflicting untold grief among the rest of us.
Abstract 16697: 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy in Transthyretin-Related Cardiac Amyloidosis: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Candida C Quarta, Pier Luigi Guidalotti, Simone Longhi, Christian Gagliardi, Pamela Gallo, Ornella Leone, Francesca Mingardi, Caterina Villani, Cinzia Pettinato, Angelo Branzi, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Pulse
Authors: Karin Nelson, Nicole Lurie, Therese M. Zink, Alfred Pheley, Kathleen Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia
Authors: S D Ferguson, T Gehrke, M. Macintosh, C. Lee, D. J Murphy, M. Luckas, A. Thomson, I. Aird
Journal: BMJ (1998)

# Audit in one unit found neonatal care to be suboptimal at weekends {#article-title-2} EDITOR—Stewart et al reported that an excess of deaths related to intrapartum care occurred outside office hours.1 In a recent audit done over four months we found that routine neonatal care on our unit was suboptimal at weekends compared with weekdays. Altogether 760 (82.7%) of 919 women had their babies examined by a neonatal senior house officer before they were discharged by their obstetrician during weekdays, compared with only 150 (53.8%) of 279 women at weekends. Forty (14.3%) women had to wait between two and six hours for their babies to be examined at weekends, compared with 77 (8.4%) during the week. Our aim should be to deliver the same standard of neonatal care—both acute and non-acute—at all times. This may require increases in the numbers of senior house officers working in neonatal units at weekends. Alternatively, an extended role for midwives could include performing routine neonatal examinations. This would free neonatal senior house officers for acute neonatal care, especially at weekends. 1. 1.↵1. Stewart J, 2. Andrews J, 3. Cartlidge PHT . Number of deaths related to intrapartum asphyxia and timing of birth in all Wales perinatal survey, 1993-5. BMJ 1995;316:657-660. (28 February.) [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] # Intrapartum death rates in England in 1993-5 did not show consistent peaks or troughs {#article-title-4} EDITOR—We were concerned to read that babies born at night and during the summer in Wales are at increased risk of death due to intrapartum asphyxia.1 This suggests that staffing issues may be contributing to these losses. Intrapartum death rates according to month of birth of babies weighing ≥1500 g born in England in 1993-5 We have examined the intrapartum death rates … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DStewart%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BH%26rft.volume%253D316%26rft.issue%253D7132%26rft.spage%253D657%26rft.epage%253D660%26rft.atitle%253DNumbers%2Bof%2Bdeaths%2Brelated%2Bto%2Bintrapartum%2Basphyxia%2Band%2Btiming%2Bof%2Bbirth%2Bin%2Ball%2BWales%2Bperinatal%2Bsurvey%252C%2B1993-5%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.316.7132.657%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9522786%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=316/7132/657&atom=%2Fbmj%2F316%2F7140%2F1318.3.atom
Patient-reported experience of chemotherapy: Expectations versus reality
Authors: M. H. Chaitowitz, A. Ferber, N. Flomenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20686 Background: Patients’ pretreatment expectations regarding chemotherapy are framed significantly by counseling provided by the treating oncologist during the consent process. The clinician’s proficiency in this regard, and the extent to which patients’ experience with chemotherapy matches their pre-treatment expectations, has never been formally evaluated. This is an exploratory study, to determine to what degree variance between expectations and actual experience occurs, and to identify predictors of this divergence. Method: Patients who had completed a first course of chemotherapy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, and who were clinically in remission, were asked to fill out an anonymous and voluntary survey. Results: 50 patients responded. All had completed their planned chemotherapy, and 16 had experienced predefined complications. In response to the statement “my therapy proceeded as expected”, 74% agreed, 20% were ‘neutral’, and 6% disagreed. The majority (58%) stated that their chemotherapy experience was ‘better than I expected’, 17% said ‘about what I expected’, and 8% said ‘worse than I expected’. All patients (100%) indicated that, with the benefit of hindsight, they would still have chosen to proceed with the chemotherapy they received. There was no correlation between patients’ reported experience with chemotherapy and any of the following parameters; type of chemotherapy, presence of complications, patient’s satisfaction with consenting process, and patients’ expectation of cure from disease. (The sample size limits the statistical power to detect the above correlations.) Conclusion: In this single-institution study, an overwhelming majority of patients indicated that their experience with chemotherapy was either as, or better, than expected. No patients regretted their decision to receive chemotherapy, despite the presence of complications in a sizable proportion. To attribute this unexpected (and satisfying) result to the proficiency of clinicians at our institution in consenting patients would probably be an oversimplification; among other factors, we note that the prevalence of negative misconceptions about the rigor of chemotherapy in the lay population may equally have accounted for our result. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 4871: Vasopressin V1 Receptor Improves Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Performance at Rest and During Exercise after Heart Failure
Authors: Satoshi Masutani, Heng-Jie Cheng, Qing-Hua Han, Nobuyuki Ohte, Makoto Suzuki, William C Little, Che-Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Previously, we demonstrated that in conscious animals, arginine vasopressin (AVP), a potent vasoconstrictor, directly depresses left ventricular (LV) contractility. In heart failure (HF), circulati...
Distinguishing borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder: differential diagnosis and implications [clinical conference]
Authors: S Bolton, J G Gunderson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

Iis often difficult to establish whether certain patients should he given the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, or both. This case high- lights how knowledgeable psychi- atnists can have contrasting diag- nostic views about patients with volatile moods and impulsivity and how such disagreement can create problems in providing effective treatment. The patient described in this case report conceptualized her psychiatric problem as due to hipo- lan disorder, which she was told meant a biochemical illness charac- tenized by mood swings not under her control. She was told that this genetically determined disease could he stabilized by using the proper combination of medica- tions. This conceptualization of her illness sharply contrasted with the diagnosis developed during consul- tation-horderline personality dis- order. At that point the patient was told that she suffered from a psy- chiatnic disorder caused by devel- opmental difficulties that are best treated by psychosocial treatments, with psychopharmacology as an adjunctive treatment. With this di- agnosis she was expected to in- creasingly take responsibility for managing her mood swings and im-
Biological Secrets of Exceptional Old Age
Authors: M J Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2002)

BOSTON—A mania for staving off the signs of aging permeates culture in the United States. Time robs people of health, independence, and perspicacity—or so advertisements warn—so everyone should cling to youth as long as possible. But is this an accurate picture of aging? Researchers who study those who reach exceptional old age are finding that the inexorable march toward the end of life need not be a steady decline. In the last decade, investigators have been studying the growing number of people who celebrate their 100th birthday and have found that many centenarians remain hale and hearty well into their 90s, delaying the onset of agerelated diseases and compressing the time they are ill into a short period at the end of their lives. As a geriatrics fellow at Harvard Medical School in the early 1990s, Thomas Perls, MD, MPH, was struck by this phenomenon. Working with patients at a rehabilitation center for the aged, he found two centenarian patients who stood out—not because of severe illness, but because they were busy members of their community. One often played the piano for her friends, while the other, a tailor all his life, mended clothes for others in the center—that is, when he was not courting his 85-year-old girlfriend. Perls’ observations of these centenarians contradicted the conventional wisdom in medicine at the time that the sickest patients were the oldest. Although not every 100-year-old patient at the facility was doing as well as these two, many had been healthy into their 90s. To better understand the health and functional status of centenarians, Perls began recruiting 100-year-olds from eight towns in the Boston area for the New England Centenarian Study (NECS). He and his colleagues discovered that this group is much healthier cognitively and physically than had been thought. Perls, who is now director of the NECS at Boston Medical Center and associate professor of medicine at Boston University (BU) School of Medicine, and colleagues continue to enroll centenarians from around the world, as well as their siblings and children, into the NECS as they seek to tease out the genetic and environmental factors that help people reach exceptional old age.
Abstract 11806: Ds-1442b is a Novel, Potent Cetp Inhibitor That Reduces Atherosclerosis by Hdl Elevation and Non-hdl Reduction
Authors: Naoki Terasaka
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Elevated LDL-cholesterol and reduced HDL-cholesterol are major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Inhibition of CETP is considered as a therapy to increase HDL and lower LD...
Abstract 14287: Oxidative Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin Activated Kinase II Mediates ER Stress Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis
Authors: Nathan D Roe, Jun Ren
Journal: Circulation (2011)

ER stress occurs in a wide array of pathological conditions and can directly lead to cardiac dysfunction although the exact mechanisms are not well known. ER stress causes oxidative stress and rele...
Abstract 18763: Macrophage-Specific Deletion of Ccaat/Enhancer Protein Beta (C/ebpβ) in ApoE−/− Mice Attenuates Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Foam Cell Formation
Authors: Shaikh M Rahman, Mahua Choudhury, Karalee Baquero, Rachel C Janssen, Becky A de la Houssaye, Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai, Makoto Miyazaki, Susan Majka, Jacob E Friedman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Atherosclerosis is now considered an inflammatory disease. C/ebpβ is a nuclear transcription factor that in knockout mice attenuates both genetic and dietary obesity. C/ebpβ also plays ...
The diagnostic status of homosexuality in DSM-III: a reformulation of the issues
Authors: Robert L. Spitzer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

In 1973 homosexuality per se was removed from the DSM-II classification of mental disorders and replaced by the category Sexual Orientation Disturbance. This represented a compromise between the view that preferential homosexuality is invariably a mental disorder and the view that it is merely a normal sexual variant. While the 1973 DSM-II controversy was highly public, more recently a related but less public controversy involved what became the DSM-III category of Ego-dystonic Homosexuality. The author presents the DSM-III controversy and a reformulation of the issues involved in the diagnostic status of homosexuality. He argues that what is at issue is a value judgment about heterosexuality, rather than a factual dispute about homosexuality.
Abstract 330: Mobilization Of Bone Marrow Progenitors By Ischemic Tissues Requires An Interplay Between Hematopoietic Cytokines And Placental Growth Factor (plgf)
Authors: Marc Tjwa, Mieke Dewerchin, Sandra Jansen, Hideyasu Oh, Myriam Grunewald, Eli Keshet, Lieve Moons, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Abstract 1430: Exaggerated Exercise Blood Pressure Response is Associated with Accelerated Arterial Stiffening and Augmented Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels
Authors: Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Costas Tsioufis, Karmen Vasiliadou, Costas Thomopoulos, Andreas Michaelides, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Ioannis Kallikazaros
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Mortality in the era of deinstitutionalization
Authors: G Haugland, T J Craig, A B Goodman, C Siegel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors examined the 3 1/2-year mortality rate of 1,033 psychiatric patients who had received inpatient treatment during a 1-year period, using standardized mortality ratios to identify heightened risk. Deaths due to accidents or suicides and pneumonia occurred more frequently than expected. Deaths due to cancer occurred primarily among alcoholics; nonalcoholic patients had a significantly lower cancer mortality risk. The risk associated with age was greatest for young patients in general, but male schizophrenic patients and female alcoholics died at particularly young ages. The highest mortality risk associated with diagnosis was for male patients with affective disorders. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.
Abstract 8831: Micro RNA Could Play Key Roles in Progression of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Kohsuke Kinoshita, Hideo Izawa, Yasuchika Kato, Hiroatsu Yokoi, Wakaya Fujiwara, Xian Wu Cheng, Akihiro Hirashiki, Yoshikazu Mizoguchi, Masatsugu Ohtsuki, Jun-ichi Ishii, Shin-ichiro Morimoto, Toyoaki Murohara, Yukio Ozaki, Masanori Nomura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Roles of miRNAs in the development of heart failure are largely unknown. Myocardial fibrosis had been fully demonstrated to be involved in pathogenesis of heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie myocardial fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that miRNAs might play key roles in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure, resulting in progression of heart failure. Methods: This study comprised of 22 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We first performed a genome-wide miRNA expression profiling for a total of 650 miRNAs using endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from 8 patients. We used the median value of collagen volume fraction (CVF) in endomyocardial biopsy specimens as cutoff to divide these 8 patients into 2 groups. From this screening study, we selected 7 miRNAs related to myocardial fibrosis. We then performed real-time PCR in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from remaining 14 patients with DCM to quantify these 7 miRNAs expressions. Results: In the first screening study, 7 miRNAs were differentially expressed significantly (p &lt; 0.01) in 4 patients with severe myocardial fibrosis compared with 4 patients with less severe myocardial fibrosis (CVF: 4.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3 %, respectively). The real-time PCR in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from remaining 14 patients with DCM revealed that expressions of miRNA-1, miRNA-23, miRNA-210, and miRNA-624 were significantly reduced in 7 patients with severe fibrosis compared with 7 with less severe fibrosis (CVF: 5.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0 %, respectively). Conclusion: We demonstrated that 4 specific miRNAs could play key roles in myocardial fibrosis in patients with DCM. These findings could provide insight into a key conundrum that pervades pathogenesis of heart failure.
Abstract 8713: Relative Impact of Surgeon and Center Volume on Outcome Following the Norwood Operation
Authors: Christoph P Hornik, Xia He, Jennifer Li, Jeffrey P Jacobs, Robert D Jaquiss, Marshall L Jacobs, Sean M O'Brien, Karl F Welke, Eric D Peterson, Sara K Pasquali
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Prior studies have shown that center volume is associated with outcome after the Norwood operation. In adults undergoing cardiac surgery, this volume-outcome relationship has been found to be largely related to surgeon volume. It is unknown whether this is also true for the Norwood operation. We evaluated the relative impact of surgeon and center volume on mortality in a large Norwood cohort. Methods: Infants in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database undergoing the Norwood operation (2000-2009) were included. Nested regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between in-hospital mortality and annual center and surgeon volume adjusting for patient demographic/anatomic factors. Results: 2555 infants underwent surgery at 53 centers [64% (0-10 cases/yr), 25% (11-20 cases/yr), and 11% (&gt;20 cases/yr)] by 111 surgeons [50% (0-6 cases/year), 39% (7-12 cases/yr), and 11% (&gt;12 cases/yr)]. Overall unadjusted mortality was 22%. In adjusted analysis (Figure), lower center volume was associated with higher mortality (p=0.03 when analyzed as continuous variable; OR for centers with 0-10 vs. &gt;20 cases/yr = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.03). Surgeon volume was not significantly associated with mortality when analyzed as a continuous or categorical variable. When analyzed together, surgeon volume accounted for only a small proportion (11%) of the effect of center volume. At high volume centers, low and high volume surgeons had similar adjusted mortality rates [19% (95%CI 12-27%) vs. 19% (95%CI 16-22%), p=0.7] which were lower than mortality at low volume centers. Conclusions: This analysis suggests outcome following the Norwood operation is influenced more by center rather than surgeon volume. Further investigation is necessary to identify characteristics of high volume centers which may influence outcome, such as processes of care, training and availability of personnel, or senior surgeon mentoring.
OXYGEN THERAPY IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: D Prendergast
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal