tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of smoking on physical activity, body composition and quality of life among women
Authors: Vijdan Efendi, Sevgi Ozalevli, Ilknur Naz, Gulbin Ergin, Oguz Kilinc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim: The present study aims to investigate effects of smoking on physical activity, body composition and quality of life among women.

Method: In total 73 healthy women, (25-40 years), current cigarette smokers (Group 1) and who had never smoked (Group 2) were included in this study. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; body mass index, circumference measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold measurements and body fat percentage were used to determine the body composition; life quality was assessed through World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, depression and level of anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results: There was no difference between the groups in respect of age, level of education and medical history (p>0.05). Alcohol usage rate, inactivity, sedentary life level and respiratory symptoms were found to be significantly more in the smoking group. Body composition was similar in both groups, a significant relation (p 150 pxyear) smoking group. There was no significant difference between smoking and non-smoking groups in respect of life quality, depression and anxiety, it was determined that with the increase of cigarette consumption quantity, anxiety level of individuals also showed a significant increase (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Smoking causes increase in respiration frequency and reduces the level of physical activity among women. Depending on the cigarette consumption quantity, smoking results in abdominal obesity and increases level of anxiety.
Smoking and Menstrual Problems in 16-Year-Olds
Authors: Anne Charlton, David While
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

The British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) is a cohort study which follows all the people born in England, Scotland and Wales in the week of 5–11 April 1970. The data described here were from the postal questionnaires returned by 2181 young women aged between 16 and 16½ in 1986. Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had never smoked, 39% had smoked at some time and 22% were regular smokers. Most of the respondents indicated that they had one or more of the following symptoms associated with menstruation: pain, depression, irritability, headaches, cramps. Analysis of the data showed that regular smokers were significantly more likely than those who had never smoked to have all these symptoms. Whilst the percentage of ‘sometime smokers’ experiencing pain, depression and headaches fell between smokers and ‘never-smokers’, the percentage experiencing unpleasant symptoms in general, irritability and cramps was the same as for regular smokers. If causality could be demonstrated, messages about immediate health problems such as these might be more powerful health education to young women than information about long-term risks.
Risk factors of difficult-to-control adult-onset asthma
Authors: Guus Westerhof, Selma de Nijs, Elisabeth Bel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Adult-onset asthma is a heterogeneous disorder. A proportion of patients have persistently difficult-to-control disease. Risk factors of difficult-to-control asthma are still unknown.  Aim: to compare characteristics of patients with well- and not well-controlled asthma 2 years after asthma onset, and identify risk factors of difficult-to-control asthma.  Methods: A cohort of 200 patients (age >18 yr) with recent onset asthma (  Results: 125 patients completed 2 year follow-up of which 36 (28.8%) had not obtained good asthma control. They had higher mean (SD) ACQ score at baseline (1.8(0.72), vs 0.96(0.79); p  Conclusion: Almost one third of patients with adult-onset asthma remain difficult-to-control 2 years after diagnosis despite higher doses of ICS. Worse asthma control at asthma onset as well as the presence of chronic rhinosinusitis are risk factors for persistently difficult-to-control disease.
Impact of patient nutritional status on acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Fatma Chermiti Ben Abdallah, Imen Sahnoun, Wafa Bouhawel, Amel Chtourou, Sofia Taktak, Ridha Mahouachi, Ali Ben Kheder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Intoduction:  nutritional status has to be considered in the course of COPD. In fact, both obesity and malnutrition influences quality of life of patients with COPD and has a prognostic value.   Aim:  evaluate the impact of patient nutritional status on acute exacerbation (AE) of COPD.   Patients and method:  retrospective study including patients hospitalized for AE of COPD between 2009 and 2010 in our department. Nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index (BMI). Patients were divided into four groups regarding their BMI ( G1 : BMI G2 : 18,5≤BMI≤24,9;  G3 : 25≤IMC≤29,9;  G4 : IMC≥3O). Number of AE/year, duration of hospitalization and use of systemic corticosteroids were also determined.   Results:  fifty patients were enrolled with a mean age of 64 years. Mean value of weight and BMI was respectively 66,93kg and 23,63kg /m 2 . 50 % of patients had COPD stage III and 28 % had COPD stage IV. Considering all patients, mean value of AE/year was 1.5, mean duration of hospitalization in AE was 15,49 days and use of systemic corticosteroids was necessary in 66 % of cases. Compared to patients with normal BMI (G2), those with malnutrition (G1) had more severe AE: longer duration of hospitalization (35,48days vs14,45days) and frequent use of corticoids (83, 33% vs 64,28%). Patients suffering from obesity had similar number of AE/year as patients from G2, but the use of corticosteroids was more frequent (85,71% vs 64,28%).   Conclusion:  we emphasize on the evaluation of nutritional status in COPD as a major parameter to consider in the management of this disease.
Compliance with non invasive home ventilation (NIHV) and its impact on survival: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Simon Richards, Harman Saman, Marie Packer, Jodie Hunt, Syed Huq, Shyam Madathil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Despite the increasing use of NIHV in chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, there is little data on compliance with its use and subsequent impact on survival.

Methods: An observational single centre retrospective study of all patients commenced on HNIV between January 2002 and July 2013.

Results: 90 patients were commenced on NIHV. Optimal compliance (as defined by NIV use for more than 6 hours/24 hours) varied according to underlying diagnoses

View this table:

Table1





. Compliance was highest amongst patients with neuromuscular disease (100%) and lowest in those with COPD (48%). Suboptimal compliance was associated with higher mortality in all diagnoses but ORRF during the study period

![Figure][1] 



Discussion: Our data demonstrates that compliance with HNIV varies according to underlying diagnosis. For all diagnoses better compliance is associated with improved survival. The higher mortality despite optimal compliance in the ORRF group might be attributed to the complex co-morbidities usually associated with this condition. Future prospective studies are needed to examine this in detail and to identify factors associated with optimal compliance.

 [1]: pending:yes
Seeking Drug Treatment for Oxycontin Abuse: A Chart Review of Consecutive Admissions to a Substance Abuse Treatment Facility in Kentucky
Authors: Lon Hays, Kenneth L. Kirsh, Steven D. Passik
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2003)

The abuse of prescription opioids has been reported to be on the rise and has gained much public attention, especially given the recent media coverage devoted to the abuse of sustained-release oxycodone (OxyContin, Purdue Pharma LP, Stamford, CT). We tracked admissions to our substance abuse program to put OxyContin abuse into perspective as a presenting problem in the region. A total of 258 admissions to a psychiatric facility for opioid dependence over a 15 month period, for the treatment of prescription opioid abuse, were examined in this chart-review study. A total of 162 patients (62.8%) were admitted for problems related to OxyContin, and the remaining 96 (37.2%) were admitted for abusing other prescription opioids (not including OxyContin). Those abusing OxyContin were found to be younger, more often from a rural background, and more likely to be male compared with those abusing other prescription opioids. In addition, more than half met the criteria for an additional chemical dependency diagnosis and had an additional psychiatric diagnosis. Polysubstance abuse, including OxyContin abuse, was a significant presenting problem to our Addictive Disease Unit between October 2000 and December 2001. Although this chart-review study is not designed to be indicative of the epidemiology of OxyContin abuse, it offers some insight into the nature of this phenomenon in a particular region during the height of public attention paid to it. A follow-up prospective study to examine this phenomenon in multiple regions, further away chronologically from the increased media attention, is underway.
A randomized, controlled study of TACE versus <sup>90</sup>Yttrium microspheres for treatment of unresectable HCC: Interim results
Authors: B. I. Carr, N. B. Amesur, A. Dasyam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15609 Hepatic arterial 90Yttrium microspheres has been associated with prolonged survival and low toxicity in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Till recently, a common therapy has been hepatic artery chemo-embolization (TACE). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was therefore started, comparing cisplatin-TACE with 90Yttrium microspheres (TheraSphere, MDS Nordion) for patients with unresectable HCC. Plan: to give either a single dose of 90Yttrium to the liver lobe with the most tumor and re-treat only for tumor progression, or, to treat with repetitive cisplatin-TACE every 2 months. End-points were: tumor responses by CT, toxicities and over-all survival. Inclusion criteria: unresectable, baseline untransplantable, biopsy-proven HCC; bilirubin < 1.8mg/dL, granulocytes >1500 and platelets >70 K. Exclusion criteria: metastases,> minimal ascites, ECOG PS>2. Currently, 9 patients (pts) are evaluable for response to TACE arm and 10 to 90Yttrium. CT responses. TACE: CR=0, PR=2, SD=3, PD=3, lost to f/u=1. CT responses. 90Yttrium: CR=0, PR=2, SD=7, PD=0, lost to f/u=1. 7 pts subsequently had liver transplants (90Yttrium-4, TACE-3). Number of treatments. TACE: 1 cycle, 1 patient; 2 cycles, 3 pts; 3 cycles, 4 pts. 90Yttrium:1 treatment, 9 pts; 2 treatments, 1 pt. Survival in non-transplanted: 90Yttrium: 34,32,24,5,4 mo; TACE 26,22,4 mo. Toxicities: >50 % decrease in WBC: 2 pts on TACE and 1 pt on 90Yttrium. >50 % decrease in platelets: 2 pts on each treatment. Bilirubin >200% increase was found in 2 pts on TACE and 3 pts on 90Yttrium. PVT: 2 worsened on TACE, none on 90Yttrium. Worsened ascites: 1 pt on TACE, 2 on 90Yttrium. New lobar liver atrophy: 1 pt on TACE, but 4 pts on 90Yttrium. Conclusions: 90Yttrium microspheres treatment appears to be a credible alternative to TACE for management of HCC patients. Pts have fewer hospitalizations and treatments and survival so far seems equivalent. It is relatively safe and minimally toxic, but pts can have bilirubin elevation and long term lobar atrophy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Soft Tissue Leiomyosarcomas and Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Differences in Clinical Outcome and Expression of Multidrug Resistance Proteins
Authors: Boudewijn E. C. Plaat, Harry Hollema, Willemina M. Molenaar, Gerben H. Torn Broers, Justin Pijpe, Mirjam F. Mastik, Harald J. Hoekstra, Eva van den Berg, Rik J. Scheper, Winette T. A. van der Graaf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Several studies have reported clinical behavior and chemotherapy resistance in leiomyosarcomas, but these studies did not differentiate between soft tissue leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been associated with the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP 1 ), and lung resistance protein (LRP). The aim of the present study was to compare LMS and GIST with respect to clinical outcome and MDR parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical outcome was evaluated in 29 patients with a primary deep-seated LMS and 26 patients with a primary malignant GIST. Paraffin-embedded material, available for 26 patients with LMS and 25 with GIST, was used for immunohistochemical detection of P-gp, MRP 1 , LRP, and c-kit. RESULTS: Mean overall survival (OS) was 72 months for LMS patients and 31 months for GIST patients (P &lt; .05). Metastases occurred in 16 (59%) of 27 assessable LMS patients and in 10 (56%) of 18 assessable GIST patients. LMS predominantly metastasized to the lungs (14 of 16 patients), whereas GIST tended to spread to the liver (five of 10 patients) and the abdominal cavity (three of 10 patients; P &lt; .001). P-gp and MRP 1 expression was more pronounced in GIST than in LMS (P &lt; .05): the mean percentage of P-gp expressing cells was 13.4% in patients with LMS and 38.4% in patients with GIST, and the mean percentage MRP 1 expressing cells was 13.3% in patients with LMS and 35.4% in patients with GIST. LRP expression did not differ between LMS and GIST. c-kit was expressed in 5% of the LMS patients and in 68% of the GIST patients. CONCLUSION: LMS patients have a better survival than GIST patients, and the metastatic pattern is different. Expression of MDR proteins in LMS is less pronounced than in GIST.
Late relapse in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma treated with MACOP-B.
Authors: A Y Lee, J M Connors, P Klimo, S E O'Reilly, R D Gascoyne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To examine the clinical course of patients who experienced a late relapse after initial curative chemotherapy for advanced-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between April 1981 and June 1986, 127 patients with de novo advanced-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma were treated with a 12-week chemotherapy program (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin [MACOP-B]). The overall survival rate at 10 years is 52%. One hundred six patients (83%) entered a complete remission (CR) and 43 of them relapsed. With a median follow-up duration of 146 months, 26 patients relapsed early and 17 relapsed late, ie, after a continuous CR (cCR) of greater than 24 months. All late relapses occurred in patients with B-cell lymphoma. RESULTS After 24 months from diagnosis, the rate of late relapse averaged 2.2% per year and reached a projected 22% actuarial risk of late relapse after 10 years. The median time to late relapse was 69 months (range, 38 to 141). Ten patients relapsed with aggressive histologic subtypes and were treated with curative intent using anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Four remain in second CR, one is alive with disease, and five died of disease or while on treatment. The 6-year overall survival rate from the time of relapse (SFR) for these 10 patients is 42%. Six patients relapsed with low-grade follicular lymphoma. These patients received various treatments intended to control, but not necessarily cure disease. One is in second CR, one is alive with disease, and four died of disease or while on treatment. The 6-year overall SFR rate for these six patients is 40%. bcl-2 translocation and Bcl-2 protein expression at diagnosis did not predict for the type of late relapse. One patient did not undergo repeat biopsy at relapse and died 9 months later despite aggressive therapy. CONCLUSION Curative therapy should be attempted in patients who relapse late with aggressive-histology lymphoma and those who relapse with follicular histology may benefit from palliative treatment. The behavior of late-relapse lymphoma is similar to de novo lymphoma, with outcome dictated by the histologic subtype at relapse.
Prospective evaluation of a dot-blot enzyme immunoassay (Directigen RSV) for the antigenic detection of respiratory syncytial virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates of paediatric patients
Authors: J. Reina, M. Gonzalez Gárdenas, E. Ruiz de Gopegui, E. Padilla, F. Ballesteros, M. Mari, M. Munar
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Heterologous Transplantation for Demonstration of the Oncogenic Effect of Rous Sarcoma Virus
Authors: M. Michael Sigel, Thomas M. Scotti, Victor B. Schulz, Theodore Burnstein
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

The introduction of minced, Rous sarcoma virus-treated chicken embryonic tissue into the brains of conditioned rats is followed by the development of typically appearing Rous sarcoma. Such tumors are not seen in rats which receive virus alone or which are implanted with uninfected embryonic tissues. A requisite for optimum tumor growth is conditioning by both x-radiation and cortisone. Animals conditioned by x-ray alone show poorer tumor response. Nonconditioned rats or those treated with cortisone alone rarely develop Rous sarcoma.
Update on Psychotropic Medications for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: William Breitbart, Yesne Alici-Evcimen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Fatigue is a common and highly distressing symptom of cancer associated with reduced quality of life and considerable psychological and functional morbidity. The reported prevalence of cancer-related fatigue ranges from 4% to 91%, depending on the specific cancer population studied and the methods of assessment. Cancer-related fatigue has typically been underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Fatigue and depression may coexist in cancer patients, and considerable overlap of symptoms occurs. This is partly the reason for the interest in examining the role of psychotropic medications in treating fatigue. Clarifying the relationship between depression and fatigue is necessary to effectively evaluate and treat cancer-related fatigue. Even with International Classification of Diseases criteria, differentiating cancer-related fatigue is difficult. Psychotropic drugs that have been studied for cancer-related fatigue include psychostimulants, wakefulness-promoting agents, and anti-depressants. Methylphenidate has been studied most and seems to be effective and well tolerated despite common side effects. Some preliminary data support using modafinil in cancer-related fatigue with less concern about tolerance or dependence. Antidepressant studies have shown mixed results. Paroxetine seems to show benefit for fatigue primarily when it is a symptom of clinical depression. Bupropion, a norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, may have psychostimulant-like effects, and therefore may be more beneficial for treating fatigue. However, studies are currently limited. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials with specific agents are needed to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of psychotropic medications in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue.
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in Patients With Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Vincent Leroy, Jérôme Dumortier, Audrey Coilly, Mylène Sebagh, Claire Fougerou-Leurent, Sylvie Radenne, Danielle Botta, François Durand, Christine Silvain, Pascal Lebray, Pauline Houssel-Debry, Nassim Kamar, Louis D’Alteroche, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Alpha Diallo, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallee, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Audrey Coilly, Eric Bellissant, Danielle Botta-Fridlund, Alpha Diallo, Jérôme Dumortier, François Durand, Christophe Duvoux, Claire Fougerou-Leurent, Vincent Leroy, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Alain Renault, Alexandra Rohel, Anne-Marie Roque, Anne-Marie Taburet, Aurélie Veislinger
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Ultrastructural Study of Liver Sinusoids of Mice During Invasion by Leukemic Myelocytes
Authors: Ferrell R. Campbell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Results of an ultrastructural study of liver of RF mice during invasion by leukemic myelocytes were reported. In early stages of infiltration, leukemia cells adhered to the endothelial cells of the sinusoidal wall; gaps 1-4 mu in diameter then developed in the endothelium, and leukemia cells passed through the gaps to enter the extravascular space. Other sinusoids became occluded by leukemic myelocytes, the endotheilium disintegrated, and the occluding cells thus became extravascular. In late stages of infiltration, when leukemia cells migrated back into the sinusoids, the endothelium was continuous and leukemia cells passed through temporary pores located within endothelial cells.
Hope, optimism, and survival in a randomized trial of first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: P. Schofield, M. Stockler, D. Zannino, N. Wong, D. Ransom, E. Moylan, R. J. Simes, T. J. Price, N. C. Tebbutt, M. Jefford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9039 Background: Psychological responses to cancer are widely believed to affect survival. We investigated associations between hope, optimism, anxiety, depression, utility and survival in patients starting first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: 421 subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer in a trial adding bevacizumab to capecitabine, with or without mitomycin, completed baseline questionnaires assessing: hope (State Hope Scale), optimism (Life Orientation Test), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and utility (Euroqol-5D). Scores were dichotomised at pre-specified cut-points. Hazard ratios (HR) and p-values were calculated with Cox's models for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in univariable analyses (UVA), and in multivariable analyses (MVA) accounting for other prognostic factors. Associations between variables were assessed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Median follow up was 31 months. Mean scores at baseline (lowest to highest possible level) were: hope 6.0 (1-8), optimism 2.7 (0-4), anxiety 5.8 (0-21), depression 3.8 (0-21), and utility 0.75 (0-1). Longer OS was associated with: a depression score <8 in UVA (medians 20 vs. 11 months, HR 0.49, p <0.0001) and MVA (HR 0.58, p 0.001); a utility ≥0.8 in UVA (23 vs. 15 months, HR 0.56, p <0.0001) and MVA (HR 0.73, p 0.01); and a hope score ≥6 in UVA (20 vs. 15 months, HR 0.75, p 0.01), but not MVA. OS was not associated with optimism in UVA or MVA. Longer PFS was associated with a utility ≥0.8 (8 v 7 months, HR 0.76, p 0.007) in UVA, but not MVA. PFS was not associated with hope, optimism, anxiety or depression in any analyses. Correlations with hope were depression (−0.63), anxiety (0.43), utility (0.39) and optimism (0.34). Correlations with optimism were depression (0.35), anxiety (0.35) and utility (0.22). Conclusions: After controlling for known prognostic factors, depression and utility, which are potentially modifiable, were significant independent predictors of OS, whereas hope, optimism or anxiety were not. PFS was not associated with any psychological factors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.