tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sustained CTL activation by murine pulmonary epithelial cells promotes the development of COPD-like disease
Authors: Michael T. Borchers, Scott C. Wesselkamper, Victor Curull, Alba Ramirez-Sarmiento, Albert Sánchez-Font, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Carlos Coronell, Josep Lloreta, Alvar G. Agusti, Joaquim Gea, John A. Howington, Michael F. Reed, Sandra L. Starnes, Nathaniel L. Harris, Mark Vitucci, Bryan L. Eppert, Gregory T. Motz, Kevin Fogel, Dennis W. McGraw, Jay W. Tichelaar, Mauricio Orozco-Levi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lethal progressive lung disease culminating in permanent airway obstruction and alveolar enlargement. Previous studies suggest CTL involvement in COPD progression; however, their precise role remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether the CTL activation receptor NK cell group 2D (NKG2D) contributes to the development of COPD. Using primary murine lung epithelium isolated from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke and cultured epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract in vitro, we demonstrated induced expression of the NKG2D ligand retinoic acid early transcript 1 (RAET1) as well as NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a genetic model of inducible RAET1 expression on mouse pulmonary epithelial cells yielded a severe emphysematous phenotype characterized by epithelial apoptosis and increased CTL activation, which was reversed by blocking NKG2D activation. We also assessed whether NKG2D ligand expression corresponded with pulmonary disease in human patients by staining airway and peripheral lung tissues from never smokers, smokers with normal lung function, and current and former smokers with COPD. NKG2D ligand expression was independent of NKG2D receptor expression in COPD patients, demonstrating that ligand expression is the limiting factor in CTL activation. These results demonstrate that aberrant, persistent NKG2D ligand expression in the pulmonary epithelium contributes to the development of COPD pathologies.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Two- and Three-Dimensional Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Localization of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Mauro Pepi, Gloria Tamborini, Anna Maltagliati, Claudia Agnese Galli, Erminio Sisillo, Luca Salvi, Moreno Naliato, Massimo Porqueddu, Alessandro Parolari, Marco Zanobini, Francesco Alamanni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Charles M. Peterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism: Mechanisms and ManagementCharles M. Peterson, MDCharles M. Peterson, MDSansum Medical Research Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism: Mechanisms and ManagementCharles S. Lieber. 579 pages. New York: Plenum; 1992. $89.50.The single-authored medical text has been pronounced dead; few challenge a do not resuscitate order. Many wistfully recall when such a text could shape and personify a discipline. Osler, Joslin, Wintrobe, Werner, and Hurst have all been tackled by multiple authors and it is difficult to play the game by the old rules. Thus, I was delighted to receive Lieber's Complications of Alcoholism. Although 18 collaborators are credited, the book is his. He is the sole or co-author on all but 6 of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Sansum Medical Research Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 958-959KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsAmino acid metabolismEndocrinologyEthanolLiverNutritionProtein metabolismStable coronary artery diseaseWine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ronald Duncan Thomson Cape
Authors: Donald Portsmouth
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To identify variables that predict health service utilisation (HSU) by adults with mental disorders in the UK, and to determine the evidence level for these predictors. <h3>Design</h3> A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies published after the year 2000. The search was conducted using four databases (ie, <i>PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus with full text, MEDLINE</i> and <i>EMBASE</i>) and completed on 25 March 2014. <h3>Setting</h3> The majority of included studies were set in health services across primary, secondary, specialist and inpatient care. Some studies used data from household and postal surveys. <h3>Participants</h3> Included were UK-based studies that predicted HSU by adults with mental disorders. Participants had a range of mental disorders including psychotic disorders, personality disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and dementia. <h3>Primary outcome</h3> A wide range of HSU outcomes were examined, including general practitioner (GP) contacts, medication usage, psychiatrist contacts, psychotherapy attendances, inpatient days, accident and emergency admissions and ‘total HSU’. <h3>Results</h3> Taking into account study quality, 28 studies identified a range of variables with good preliminary evidence supporting their ability to predict HSU. Of these variables, comorbidity, personality disorder, age (heterogeneous age ranges), neurotic symptoms, female gender, a marital status of divorced, separated or widowed, non-white ethnicity, high previous HSU and activities of daily living, were associated with increased HSU. Moreover, good preliminary evidence was found for associations of accessing a primary care psychological treatment service and medication use with decreased HSU. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The findings can inform decisions about which variables might be used to derive mental health clusters in ‘payment by results’ systems in the UK. The findings also support the need to investigate whether combining broad diagnoses with care pathways is an effective method for mental health clustering, and the need for research to further examine the association between mental health clusters and HSU.
Major bleeding with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ivo R. Henkens, Thomas Hazenoot, Anco Boonstra, Menno V. Huisman, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Vitamin K antagonists are advised in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients despite a lack of safety data. We reviewed major bleeding in three classes of pulmonary hypertension patients, all receiving vitamin K antagonists. Bleeding event rates were 5.4 per 100 patient-years for patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, 19 per 100 patient-years for connective tissue disease related pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and 2.4 per 100 patient-years for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients. Life tables analysis showed that event-free survival was worse in patients with connective tissue disease related pulmonary hypertension than in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (Wilcoxon=12.8; p&lt;0.001), and patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Wilcoxon=23.2; p&lt;0.001). Patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension suffered more events than patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (Wilcoxon=7.2; p&lt;0.01). Major bleeding was independent of age, sex, target international normalised ratio (INR) range, documented INR, vitamin K antagonist type, or right atrial pressure, but was associated with use of prostacyclin analogues. Major bleeding risk during vitamin K antagonist therapy differs among groups of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Further research regarding optimal anticoagulant therapy is needed, as well as risk–benefit analyses for pulmonary hypertension patients with a higher bleeding propensity.
Human immunodeficiency virus rather than hepatitis C virus infection is relevant to the development of an anti‐cardiolipin antibody
Authors: Moritaka Gotoh, Juzo Matsuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

We have investigated whether or not a relationship exists between anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) positivity and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and we have attempted to clarify which virus has close association with the development of aCL. We found that aCL positivity in HIV-infected patients was significantly higher than in HCV-infected patients. Furthermore, HIV/HCV dual-infected patients exhibited a higher aCL positivity than patients infected by HCV alone. From these results, we conclude that HIV rather than HCV plays an important role in the development of aCL.
Surfactant Protein Levels in Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: MARGARET H. KERR, JAMES Y. PATON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory disease in infancy. Surfactant phospholipids have been shown to be reduced in severe RSV infection. Reduction in surfactant proteins might also contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated daily levels of surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 18 ventilated infants with RSV infection (median age 3.1 mo) and in a control group of 16 ventilated surgical patients (median age 0.4 mo). Surfactant proteins were measured by ELISA, total protein by the Lowry method. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) was reduced in BAL fluid from children with RSV infection (median 5.6 micrograms/ml; range 0.6 to 151.9 micrograms/ml) compared with control samples (median 9.0 micrograms/ml; range 0.5 to 139.6 micrograms/ml, p = 0.0368). Surfactant protein B (SP-B) was lower in the RSV group (median 12.0 ng/ml; range 0 to 60. 8 ng/ml) than in control patients (median 118.1 ng/ml; range 0 to 778.2 ng/ml, p < 0.0000). Surfactant protein D (SP-D) was also reduced in the RSV group (median 130.3 ng/ml; range 0 to 1,486.0 ng/ml) versus median 600.4 ng/ml; range 0 to 1,869.0 ng/ml, p < 0. 0000. Total protein levels were higher in the RSV group (median 0.49 mg/ml; range 0.13 to 2.46 mg/ml versus median 0.36 mg/ml; range 0.07 to 1.65 mg/ml, p = 0.0079). The median value of SP-A was significantly lower in the initial sample (2.3 micrograms/ml) than in the final one (6.0 micrograms/ml). However, no significant correlation was found between surfactant protein concentrations and disease severity measured by arterial alveolar oxygen ratio. We conclude that alterations in surfactant protein concentrations are present in severe RSV infection and speculate that these may contribute to the abnormalities of lung function seen in this condition.
A specific antidote for reversal of anticoagulation by direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa
Authors: Genmin Lu, Francis R DeGuzman, Stanley J Hollenbach, Mark J Karbarz, Keith Abe, Gail Lee, Peng Luan, Athiwat Hutchaleelaha, Mayuko Inagaki, Pamela B Conley, David R Phillips, Uma Sinha
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Abstract 2434: CXCR3-mediated cellular and molecular events involved in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Yanchun Li, Jocelyn Reader, Xinrong Ma, Namita Kundu, Joseph P. Kao, Steven Zhan, Amy M. Fulton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We previously detected chemokine receptor CXCR3 in malignant epithelium of early stage breast cancers by immunohistochemistry and the expression levels were positively correlated with significantly poorer survival. We also showed that CXCR3 contributes to metastatic potential in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CXCR3-mediated breast cancer metastasis. Treatment of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 induced calcium mobilization and Rac activation; both responses are essential for tumor cell chemotaxis. Not surprisingly, CXCL10 enhanced migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. We also showed that CXCL10 promoted anchorage independent growth of both human malignant mammary epithelial cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and murine malignant mammary epithelial cell line 66.1 in an ERK- dependent manner. In tumor cells, ERK1/2 is robustly activated after CXCR3 ligand stimulation, whereas the same pathway is inhibited or not changed in normal cells. In addition, CXCR3 activation provided some degree of anoikis resistance to 66.1 cells. There are two isoforms of CXCR3 in human cells. The “classical” CXCR3 receptor (CXCR3-A) mediates proliferation and migration of various cell lines, while CXCR3-B, a splice variant of CXCR3-A, has opposing functions. We determined the expression pattern of these two CXCR3 isoforms in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR and showed that the CXCR3-B/CXCR3-A mRNA expression ratio is decreased (0.16-0.63) compared with normal epithelial cell line MCF-10A (2.16). Taken together, these data indicate that multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms may contribute to CXCR3-mediated breast cancer metastasis. Due to the distinct functions of CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, the relative amounts of CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B may dictate cell behavior. Further studies will investigate how the balance between CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B regulates the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells and allow us to optimize therapeutic strategies targeting CXCR3. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2434. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2434
Bacterial Meningitis — A View of the Past 90 Years
Authors: Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The history of community-acquired bacterial meningitis arguably represents the best example of the salutary effect of the introduction of antimicrobial agents. Before the use of specific antiserums, the outlook for patients with bacterial meningitis was dismal (see Figure). In the 1920s, 77 of 78 children at Boston Children's Hospital who had Haemophilus influenzae meningitis died. The prognosis for untreated pneumococcal meningitis was equally bleak: of 300 patients, all died. In the first decade of the 20th century, untreated meningococcal meningitis was associated with a mortality rate of 75 to 80 percent.In 1913, Simon Flexner was the first to report . . .
CDC Recommendations for Opt-Out HIV Testing
Authors: Lawrence Corey
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Experiences in Group Discussions with Diabetic Patients
Authors: H.E. Pelser, J.J. Groen, Stuyling de Lange, P.C. Dix
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Emotional stability is of vital importance to diabetic patients for the maintenance of their metabolic equilibrium and consequently for the preservation of their well-being. In a pilot study to investigate whether group discussions with diabetic patients could contribute to improving their understanding and management of the disease, the authors established, in 1974, 3 concurrent discussion groups comprising altogether 40 participants: 25 females and 15 males. Two groups were guided by an internist and held weekly sessions; the third group convened once a fortnight and was guided by 2 psychologists, acting as co-therapists. Details of the composition and the development of the groups are described. One of the groups attempted a quantitative approach to estimate the participants' group activity from their attendance rates and discussion activity scores, from which several observations could be made. The groups continued their discussions for the duration of one year. The subjects of the spontaneous discussion in the 3 groups were remarkably similar, suggesting that many diabetic patients are facing the same problems. All participants reached the conclusion that the group discussions had been a valuable experience and should be made available to all diabetic patients. About 20 participants decided to train, together with a number of general practitioners and students in medicine and psychology, in order to become either a group leader or an observer at new discussion groups for diabetic patients. As a result of this training course 10 diabetic and 10 non-diabetic trainees were qualified and subsequently started new discussion groups with diabetic patients.
The Removal of Liquor from the Army Canteen.
Authors: John Inglis
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Pueblo, Colo., Dec. 14, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent issue of the<i>Medical Record</i>, the editor takes up the question of the army canteen. The argument advanced is the same old story. The editor of the<i>Record</i>, as a scientific man, should be more exact in some of his statements. Congress did not pass an act closing the canteens; the act prevented only the sale of liquor in military reservations, etc. The store department, the post exchange, the reading room, the recreation room, remain the same. I have seen something of the army life in the Orient, and I wish to say, as a physician and a citizen, that every boy in the army is infinitely better off without the beer halls than with them. It is true, some men will go to outside saloons for their drinks, but they will not go so often and they will
RIGHT VENTRICULAR ELECTRICAL REMODELING AND ARRHYTHMOGENIC SUBSTRATE IN MONOCROTALINE-INDUCED RAT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE: SIGNIFICANCE OF INCREASED ACTION POTENTIAL DURATION DISPERSION
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Yoshohiro Tanaka, Masayuki Ishihara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Intentional overdose by intravaginal insertion of lithium carbonate
Authors: J. L. Temte
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A 48-year-old woman with bipolar disorder and a history of borderline personality disorder and previous suicide attempts presented to an outlying emergency department, having recently vomited. She admitted to the ingestion, 60 minutes earlier, of 97 lithium carbonate tablets (immediate release, 300 mg each). Her vital signs were stable. Initial physical examination was normal except for mild lethargy and decreased patellar reflexes. An electrocardiogram showed mild T-wave flattening. Complete blood cell count and urinalysis were normal; a serum toxicology screen was negative except for lithium. Serum potassium was decreased at 3.3 mmol/L and serum lithium was 4.3 mmol/L. Gastric lavage revealed pill fragments. After stabilization, the patient was transported to our medical center's intensive care unit. On arrival the serum lithium level was 3.1 mmol/L. Potassium supplementation was provided along with intravenous fluids. Lithium levels rose to 3.5 mmol/L, and hemodialysis was instituted, resulting in a decrease
HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS OF CERTAIN INTESTINAL PROTOZOA IMPORTANT TO MEDICAL ZOOLOGY
Authors: JOHN F. KESSEL
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In the development of our knowledge concerning the intestinal protozoa of man and of the domestic and laboratory animals which are commonly associated with him, two tendencies in considering relationships between host and parasite have been apparent.  The first was a natural outgrowth of the inadequate morphologic differentiation of parasites which existed in the earlier work and often resulted in failure to separate closely related species though they appeared in different hosts. This failure led to a tendency which ascribed a promiscuity of relationship between a wide range of hosts and parasites. Much of the experimental work presented in support of this hypothesis failed to take into consideration the previously existing natural infections of the animals employed and was commonly performed without proper controls.  With the separation of species on a basis of morphologic differences, and with the accumulation of evidence concerning certain rigid host-parasite relationships that exist among some
Book Review Insomnia: A Cultural History By Eluned Summers-Bremner. 176 pp., illustrated. London, Reaktion Books, 2008. $29.95. 978-1-86189-317-8 Insomniac By Gayle Greene. 503 pp. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2008. $29.95. 978-0-520-24630-0
Authors: Fred W Turek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Outcomes Associated with Brain Metastases in a Three-Arm Phase III Trial of Gemcitabine-Containing Regimens Versus Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Martin J. Edelman, Chandra P. Belani, Mark A. Socinski, Rafat H. Ansari, Coleman K. Obasaju, Ruqin Chen, Matthew J. Monberg, Joseph Treat
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
THE CAUSE OF HYPERCALCURIA IN SARCOID AND ITS TREATMENT WITH CORTISONE AND SODIUM PHYTATE 12
Authors: Philip H. Henneman, Eleanor F. Dempsey, Evelyn L. Carroll, Fuller Albright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Sarcoid is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology which may involve any or all organ systems (1).Harrell and Fisher (2) in 1939 first called attention to an elevated serum calcium in 6 of 11 patients with sarcoid.Other abnormalities noted were hyperproteinemia, due to hyperglobulinemia, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.The blood inorganic phosphorus was not decreased, a major point in the differential diagnosis with hyperparathyroidism.The uri- nary calcium excretion was not reported but we now know that hypercalcuria is common in sar- coid 3 and often the cause of renal stones which are usually composed of calcium oxalate.The cause of hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria in sarcoid has been obscure.Schaumann (4) demonstrated sarcoid involvement of bone and in- dicated that this is found more commonly histo- logically than radiologically.Small "punched out" areas of bone destruction may be found in 15 to 29 per cent of patients (1), particularly in the phalanges but rarely in the long bones and skull as well.Even generalized bone demineralization has been reported (5) but most patients with sarcoid, including those patients with hypercalcuria of many years' duration, have minimal or no detec- table bone disease.The common concurrence of skin involvement with bone involvement has been emphasized (1).
Early TCR-β and TCR-γ PCR detection of T-cell clonality indicates minimal tumor disease in lymph nodes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Chalid Assaf, Michael Hummel, Matthias Steinhoff, Christoph C. Geilen, Helmut Orawa, Harald Stein, Constantin E. Orfanos
Journal: Blood (2005)