tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Healthy State: An International Perspective on the Crisis in United States Medical Care
Authors: Alvin E. Rodin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Sidel is professor of community health at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Ms Sidel is a graduate of the Boston University School of Social Work. They have written a timely, thought-provoking, and readable account of the health care system in the United States, comparing it with systems in four other countries. Their incisive analysis of data reveals, for some major diseases, higher morbidity, mortality, and disability rates in the United States than in Britain, which spends considerably less per capita for health. The American system is fragmented, has little public accountability, neglects health maintenance, is devoted more to technology than to care, and is grossly maldistributed geographically and socially. The Sidels do not neglect physicians. Referred to are impersonal care, high costs, inappropriate therapy, unnecessary surgery, incompetence, and fraud. No documentation of incidence is provided other than "one hears stories of." At times the Sidels appear to
Case 15-1998: Elevated<i>N</i>-Acetylaspartic Acid Activity in Canavan's Disease
Authors: Jonathan Breslau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: In the discussion of Case 15-1998 (May 14 issue),1 Canavan's disease is said to be characterized by “the absence of N-acetylaspartic acid activity on magnetic resonance spectroscopy....
A randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy, safety and optimal dose of two formulations of cyclosporin, Neoral and Sandimmun, in patients with severe psoriasis
Authors: None Koo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

This study compared the efficacy, safety and optimal dose of two formulations of cyclosporin, Sandimmun® and Neoral®, in patients with severe, chronic plaque-type psoriasis. Patients were randomized on a 1 : 1 basis to 24 weeks of treatment with Neoral (n = 152) or Sandimmun (n = 157). The starting dose of each formulation was 2.5 mg/kg per day. Dose increases to maintain efficacy were allowed after 4 weeks. In patients who achieved remission, the dose was down-titrated at 4-week intervals from week 16. The maximum permitted dose for each formulation was 5.0 mg/kg per day. Neoral produced a more rapid response than Sandimmun: remission rates were higher for Neoral during the first 8 weeks of treatment. The number of dose reductions for safety was similar in both treatment groups, but there were more dose increases to maintain efficacy in the Sandimmun group (198) than the Neoral group (146). The number of patients with dose reductions after week 16 was higher for Neoral (n = 83) than for Sandimmun (n = 73). The frequency and nature of adverse events were similar for both treatment groups. The mean dose required to control the disease was ≈ 10% lower with Neoral and fewer dose changes were needed. The increased bioavailability and reduced pharmacokinetic variability of cyclosporin provided by the Neoral formulation may facilitate short-course, intermittent therapy.
Adult Mortality Attributable to Preventable Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries in Japan: A Comparative Risk Assessment
Authors: Nayu Ikeda, Manami Inoue, Hiroyasu Iso, Shunya Ikeda, Toshihiko Satoh, Mitsuhiko Noda, Tetsuya Mizoue, Hironori Imano, Eiko Saito, Kota Katanoda, Tomotaka Sobue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Mohsen Naghavi, Majid Ezzati, Kenji Shibuya
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

The population of Japan has achieved the longest life expectancy in the world. To further improve population health, consistent and comparative evidence on mortality attributable to preventable risk factors is necessary for setting priorities for health policies and programs. Although several past studies have quantified the impact of individual risk factors in Japan, to our knowledge no study has assessed and compared the effects of multiple modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases and injuries using a standard framework. We estimated the effects of 16 risk factors on cause-specific deaths and life expectancy in Japan.We obtained data on risk factor exposures from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and epidemiological studies, data on the number of cause-specific deaths from vital records adjusted for ill-defined codes, and data on relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied a comparative risk assessment framework to estimate effects of excess risks on deaths and life expectancy at age 40 y. In 2007, tobacco smoking and high blood pressure accounted for 129,000 deaths (95% CI: 115,000-154,000) and 104,000 deaths (95% CI: 86,000-119,000), respectively, followed by physical inactivity (52,000 deaths, 95% CI: 47,000-58,000), high blood glucose (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 26,000-43,000), high dietary salt intake (34,000 deaths, 95% CI: 27,000-39,000), and alcohol use (31,000 deaths, 95% CI: 28,000-35,000). In recent decades, cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking has increased in the elderly, while stroke mortality attributable to high blood pressure has declined. Life expectancy at age 40 y in 2007 would have been extended by 1.4 y for both sexes (men, 95% CI: 1.3-1.6; women, 95% CI: 1.2-1.7) if exposures to multiple cardiovascular risk factors had been reduced to their optimal levels as determined by a theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution.Tobacco smoking and high blood pressure are the two major risk factors for adult mortality from non-communicable diseases and injuries in Japan. There is a large potential population health gain if multiple risk factors are jointly controlled.
Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to acute and chronic alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin and phenoxybenzamine.
Authors: J Mulvihill-Wilson, F A Gaffney, W A Pettinger, C G Blomqvist, S Anderson, R M Graham
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We investigated the relevance of the selective alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blockade produced by prazosin to its blood pressure-lowering efficacy in man. The hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to the acute and chronic oral administration of prazosin and phenoxybenzamine were compared in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 11 patients with essential hypertension. These responses were also evaluated during lower body negative pressure and dynamic bicycle exercise, which produce potent but diversified activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In the acute studies, arterial blood pressure decreased to similar levels with prazosin or phenoxybenzamine; however, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses differed both before and during sympathetic nervous system activation. Prazosin lowered arterial blood pressure by reducing total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.05). In contrast, phenoxybenzamine produced a modest reduction in cardiac output (8%, p less than 0.05) with little change in total peripheral resistance, forearm vascular resistance or forearm blood flow. Additionally, plasma norepinephrine concentration and heart rate rose to significantly higher levels with prazosin (p less than 0.02) than with phenoxybenzamine, a difference that was most evident with lower body negative pressure or dynamic exercise. Baroreceptor control of arterial pressure homeostasis was preserved with both agents, except during marked degrees of cardiovascular stress. With chronic therapy, the circulatory responses adapted to the alpha-adrenergic antagonists, and both drugs produced similar hemodynamic and neuroendocrine profiles. The differences with acute administration may be the result of a more rapid onset of action and a more marked degree of alpha-adrenergic blockage with prazosin than with phenoxybenzamine therapy, rather than to any difference in their alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blocking properties. Moreover, the findings of the present study suggest that the prejunctional alpha 2-receptor, autoinhibitory to sympathetic neuronal norepinephrine release, is of no functional significance in patients with essential hypertension.
STUDIES ON THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF THE HUMAN MALARIAS. VI. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DISPOSITION, ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY, AND TOXICITY OF SEVERAL DERIVATIVES OF 4-AMINOQUINOLINE 12
Authors: Robert W. Berliner, David P. Earle, John V. Taggart, Charles G. Zubrod, William J. Welch, Neal J. Conan, Eli Bauman, Sidney T. Scudder, James A. Shannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)
An Original Apparatus for Colostomy Irrigation
Authors: Alfred Hurwitz, Donald B. Alderman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE commonly employed method of colostomy irrigation is unnecessarily protracted and unpleasant. Various irrigating apparatus have been tried by us and have proved unsatisfactory because of leakage and confinement of the patient to the toilet bowl for long periods. We have designed an apparatus that is inexpensive, easy to clean and leakproof; it allows visualization of the colostomy stoma during the irrigation and can be adjusted to fit the size of the stoma.The basic elements are a Paragon colostomy disk and belt,§ and a long, pliable open-end tube of latex rubber with a side arm for insertion of a . . .
Analysis of Lentiviral Vector Integration in HIV+ Study Subjects Receiving Autologous Infusions of Gene Modified CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Gary P Wang, Bruce L Levine, Gwendolyn K Binder, Charles C Berry, Nirav Malani, Gary McGarrity, Pablo Tebas, Carl H June, Frederic D Bushman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Lentiviral vector-based gene therapy has been used to target the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using an antisense env payload. We have analyzed lentiviral-vector integration sites from three treated individuals. We compared integration sites from the ex vivo vector-transduced CD4+ cell products to sites from cells recovered at several times after infusion. Integration sites were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing, yielding a total of 7,782 unique integration sites from the ex vivo product and 237 unique sites from cells recovered after infusion. Integrated vector copies in both data sets were found to be strongly enriched within active genes and near epigenetic marks associated with active transcription units. Analysis of integration relative to nucleosome structure on target DNA indicated favoring of integration in outward facing DNA major grooves on the nucleosome surface. There was no indication that growth of transduced cells after infusion resulted in enrichment for integration sites near proto-oncogene 5′-ends or within tumor suppressor genes. Thus, this first look at the longitudinal evolution of cells transduced with a lentiviral vector after infusion of gene modified CD4+ cells provided no evidence for abnormal expansions of cells due to vector-mediated insertional activation of proto-oncogenes. Lentiviral vector-based gene therapy has been used to target the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using an antisense env payload. We have analyzed lentiviral-vector integration sites from three treated individuals. We compared integration sites from the ex vivo vector-transduced CD4+ cell products to sites from cells recovered at several times after infusion. Integration sites were analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing, yielding a total of 7,782 unique integration sites from the ex vivo product and 237 unique sites from cells recovered after infusion. Integrated vector copies in both data sets were found to be strongly enriched within active genes and near epigenetic marks associated with active transcription units. Analysis of integration relative to nucleosome structure on target DNA indicated favoring of integration in outward facing DNA major grooves on the nucleosome surface. There was no indication that growth of transduced cells after infusion resulted in enrichment for integration sites near proto-oncogene 5′-ends or within tumor suppressor genes. Thus, this first look at the longitudinal evolution of cells transduced with a lentiviral vector after infusion of gene modified CD4+ cells provided no evidence for abnormal expansions of cells due to vector-mediated insertional activation of proto-oncogenes.
Salt Intake and Hypertension
Authors: D. N. Phear
Journal: BMJ (1958)

DiscussionVon Storch (1938), in a review of an early trial of ergot- amine tartrate for migraine, mentions perivascular pains and pains in varicose veins as a rare complication.Spasm of the saphenous vein is referred to by Clarke (1957).The observation of Russell Brain quoted above is, however, the only reference to thrombophlebitis occurring after ergot- amine; he mentions it as happening after a single dose, which is confirmed by the above three cases.The third case is particularly interesting, for the difference between this patient's two legs tends to suggest that the pain which occurs in varicose veins following ergotamine may be the first stage of a thrombophlebitis.
TCT-193 Effect Of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal stents On Long-Term Mortality Following Rotational Atherectomy For Complex Calcific Coronary Lesions
Authors: M Bilal Iqbal, Tito Kabir, Andrew Archbold, Tom Crake, Sam Firoozi, Sundeep S. Kalra, Charles Knight, Pitt Lim, Iqbal S. Malik, Anthony Mathur, Pascal Meier, Roby Rakhit, Simon Redwood, Mark Whitbread, Dan Bromage, Krishnaraj Rathod, Andrew Wragg, Philip A. MacCarthy, Miles C. Dalby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
IMPROVEMENT OF BRAIN FUNCTION BY SURGICAL INTERFERENCE.
Authors: ERNEST LAPLACE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Only a few years ago the surgeon scarcely dared to invade the sacred domain of the brain. Emboldened by the triumph of aseptic metheds in dealing with the surgery of the peritoneal cavity, it followed that the same principles might possibly triumph in the surgery of the meninges and brain. Today accurate results are reached in both, so that sepsis is practically eliminated, and dealings with the brain surgically will depend on intrinsic factors rather than extrinsic for the achievement of practical results. This was the<i>sine qua non</i>, without which all reports of results of operations, would be indefinite and unfit to give an adequate idea of the value of a surgical procedure applied to the brain, to achieve or fail in achieving a stated result. Taking it for granted, therefore, that asepsis has been maintained and considering the subject purely from an intrinsic standpoint, the object of this
Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty results in improvement of right coronary blood flow velocity pattern in patients with pulmonary valve stenosis
Authors: I.E. Kallikazaros, C.G. Stratos, C.P. Tsioufis, C.T. Stefanadis, A.V. Sideris, P.K. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
SOME NOTES ON ALCOHOL IN THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Some very strange conceptions of alcohol as a medicine exist, and are repeated in really excellent textbooks of medicine. Evidently they are the repetitions of assertions of authors which have been accepted without question. One of these precepts is to increase the amount of spirits if the smaller doses do not seem to have the effect desired. In a given case one ounce of brandy every four hours is increased to the same amount every two hours. Spirits are said to be indicated and the dose and frequency is the measure of its power. Recent text-books urge that spirits be given freely in certain cases and prescriptions containing large quantities of spirits are presented as guides. In some cases cautions concerning the dose and its frequency are given, but the fact is assumed that large doses have certain definite effects that can be studied and understood. These counsels are not
Emergency hospital evacuation as Hurricane Sandy hits New York
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More than 200 patients had to be evacuated from a major New York hospital on 29 October when two backup power generators failed as Hurricane Sandy hit New York City.

The patients, including 20 babies from the neonatal intensive care unit, were evacuated by a fleet of ambulances from all over the city, lined up outside New York University Tisch Hospital at the Langone Medical Centre.

Doctors …
Extending the role of the clinical nurse
Authors: M F L Wright
Journal: BMJ (1978)

young people, may take a small number of Distalgesic tablets, possibly as few as 10, with rapidly fatal results.These tablets are now widely available at home and may be consumed by persons to whom they were not originally prescribed.Frequently the overdose is taken impulsively, sometimes with alcohol and possibly without serious suicidal intent.If these people took a similar number of aspirin or paracetamol tablets they would not be harmed or would, at the worst, be responsive to treatment.The toxic effects of dextropropoxyphene should not be confused with those of paracetamol, with which it is usually combined.Furthermore, the relatively small safety margin of dextropropoxyphene, which is chemically related to morphine, should be more widely recognised.
Prediction and assessment of the effects of mixtures of four xenoestrogens.
Authors: J Payne, N Rajapakse, M Wilkins, A Kortenkamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The assessment of mixture effects of estrogenic agents is regarded as an issue of high priority by many governmental agencies and expert decision-making bodies all over the world. However, the few mixture studies published so far have suffered from conceptual and experimental problems and are considered to be inconclusive. Here, we report the results of assessments of two-, three- and four-component mixtures of o,p'-DDT, genistein, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-n-octylphenol, all compounds with well-documented estrogenic activity. Extensive concentration-response analyses with the single agents were carried out using a recombinant yeast screen (yeast estrogen screen, YES). Based on the activity of the single agents in the YES assay we calculated predictions of entire concentration-response curves for mixtures of our chosen test agents assuming additive combination effects. For this purpose we employed the models of concentration addition and independent action, both well-established models for the calculation of mixture effects. Experimental concentration-response analyses revealed good agreement between predicted and observed mixture effects in all cases. Our results show that the combined effect of o,p'-DDT, genistein, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-n-octylphenol in the YES assay does not deviate from expected additivity. We consider both reference models as useful tools for the assessment of combination effects of multiple mixtures of xenoestrogens.
CHALONE CONTROL OF MITOTIC ACTIVITY IN ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
Authors: W. S. BULLOUGH, JOHANNA U.R. DEOL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— In the eccrine glands of mouse footpads mitoses are common in the intradermal ducts, and they also occur in the ampullae. No mitoses were seen in either the gland cell or the intraepidermal ducts. The duct cell mitoses were not inhibited by either the epidermal or the sebaceous gland chalones. However, it was found that human sweat contains an inhibitor of eccrine duct mitosis, which does not inhibit either epidermal of an eccrine gland chalone. In support of this it was found that adrenalin inhibits and adrenalectomy promotes eccrine duct mitosis.
CEREBRAL SYPHILIS AND SOME OF ITS MENTAL ASPECTS.
Authors: ARTHUR E. MINK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The complicated manifestations of brain syphilis, when given their proper interpretation, are of the utmost value to the student of scientific medicine. Nature, working in her own laboratory with its marvelously delicate adjustments and contrivances, is continually performing a series of brain experiments which infinitely surpass those performed by man with his crude and clumsy technique. The syphilitic neoplasms are of such an ephemeral character, coming and going, here today and there tomorrow; that they frequently give us the opportunity to study in one and the same case all of the kaleidoscopic and complicating phenomena of focal and diffuse, destroying or discharging lesions, present simultaneously or successively. It is just this lack of order, this protean appearance and disappearance, which is characteristic of the phenomena of cerebral syphilis. So we may meet with cases which up to a certain time have shown signs of focal involvement only, and then develop
Confounding valence and arousal: What really underlies political orientation?
Authors: Shona M. Tritt, Michael Inzlicht, Jordan B. Peterson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The negative valence model of political orientation proposed by Hibbing et al. is comprehensive and thought-provoking. We agree that there is compelling research linking threat to conservative political beliefs. However, we propose that further research is needed before it can be concluded that negative valence, rather than arousal more generally, underlies the psychological motivations to endorse conservative political belief.
Virginia Program Keeps Cancer Patients In Their Communities
Authors: J. A. Steele
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Virginia Program Keeps Cancer Patients In Their Communities Get access Julie A. Steele Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 11, 5 June 1991, Page 752, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.11.752 Published: 05 June 1991
Operative Complications After Therapy with Reserpine and Reserpine Compounds
Authors: Carolyn H. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In surgical patients, a history of recent medication with reserpine increases the hazards of general anesthesia. In the present series 5 surgical patients, all men past the age of 60 years, had been receiving reserpine. In the first case, even though 10 days had elapsed since the reserpine had been stopped, induction with thiopental resulted in hypotension and made it necessary to postpone the operation; 6 days later the operation was performed without complications. Three cases illustrate the value of a waiting period of 2 weeks after stopping reserpine. In the fifth case, although the waiting period had been only 3 days, surgery was accomplished safely by using regional anesthesia instead of complete surgical anesthesia.
Colonoscopic Treatment of Gallstone Ileus
Authors: E. L. Murray, M. Collie, D. W. Hamer-Hodges
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Gallstone ileus occurs almost exclusively in the elderly and accounts for 25 % of mechanical small-bowel obstructions in patients over the age of 65, with a mortality of 15 % [1]. Surgery has been the treatment of choice, but has a mortality of 12 - 50 % [1] [2] [3] [4]. We report here an instance of successful colonoscopic removal of a gallstone obstructing the ileocaecal valve.
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone reduces endotoxin-induced liver inflammation.
Authors: H Chiao, S Foster, R Thomas, J Lipton, R A Star
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in many models of inflammation, suggesting that it inhibits a critical step common to different forms of inflammation. We showed previously that alpha-MSH inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured macro-phages. To determine how alpha-MSH acts in vivo, we induced acute hepatic inflammation by administering endotoxin (LPS) to mice pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum, alpha-MSH prevented liver inflammation even when given 30 min after LPS administration. To determine the mechanisms of action of alpha-MSH, we tested its influence on NO, infiltrating inflammatory cells, cytokines, and chemokines. Alpha-MSH inhibited systemic NO production, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and increased hepatic mRNA abundance for TNF alpha, and the neutrophil and monocyte chemokines (KC/IL-8 and MCP-1). We conclude that alpha-MSH prevents LPS-induced hepatic inflammation by inhibiting production of chemoattractant chemokines which then modulate infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus, alpha-MSH has an effect very early in the inflammatory cascade.