tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in U.S. older adults: findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Kristin Reynolds, Robert H. Pietrzak, Renée El-Gabalawy, Corey S. Mackenzie, Jitender Sareen
Journal: World Psychiatry (2015)

Data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in late life are lacking. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the prevalence of the broadest range of psychiatric disorders in late life to date; comparing prevalences across older adult age groups using the largest sample of adults aged 85+; and exploring gender differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in late life. Using data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we examined the prevalence of past-year mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and lifetime personality disorders in a nationally representative sample of 12,312 U.S. older adults. We stratified our analyses by gender and by older age groups: young-old (ages 55-64), middle-old (ages 65-74), old-old (ages 75-84), and oldest-old (ages 85+). The proportion of older adults who experienced any past-year anxiety disorder was 11.4%, while the prevalence of any past-year mood disorder was 6.8%. A total of 3.8% of older adults met criteria for any past-year substance use disorder, and 14.5% of older adults had one or more personality disorder. We observed a general pattern of decreasing rates of psychiatric disorders with increasing age. Women experienced higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, while men had higher rates of substance use disorders and any personality disorder. Gender differences in rates of most psychiatric disorders decreased with increasing age. These data indicate that psychiatric disorders are prevalent among U.S. older adults, and support the importance of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in this population.
THE PREVENTION OF MYOPIA.Read at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 9, 1890.
Authors: FRANCIS DOWLING
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The simplest and at the same time the most concise definition of myopia is given by my friend and former teacher, Dr. Landolt, of Paris, when he says that "myopia is present whenever the retina is situated behind the focus of the dioptric system of the eye." Before proceeding with the remarks, on the means of preventing or limiting the development of myopia or near sight it will be well to give a brief outline of some of the principal causes of the affection, and for this purpose I have looked up the leading authorities on the subject. Schweigger, of the University of Berlin, is of the opinion that in the majority of cases myopia is congenital, or inherited, or, at least, there is a predisposition to it contracted through the parents. It occurs in early childhood and shows with the increase of years a progression both in frequency and
Hospital Experience Necessary for Licensure.
Authors: F. C. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Loring, La., March 10, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 5, Dr. Lawrence Holmes of Asheville, N. C., advocates the rejection, by statutory law, of all candidates for licensure who have not had one year of interneship in a good hospital. No one will deny that a year in a good hospital would be of incalculable value to the prospective physician; but there are various reasons why this is not practicable. Internes must generally bear their own expenses, as no compensation is provided. None but the wealthy, or sons of the wealthy, could avail themselves of this privilege under these conditions. This would make of the medical profession a privileged class, much as the officers of the English army, whose incompetence some say is notorious. I think that the statement that "internes are composed of the best class of students" is not true. The hospital-trained student would not
203 Chronic administration of methylene blue ameliorates hypoxemia in rats with chronic bile duct ligation
Authors: X.J. Zhang, Y. Katsuta, M. Ohsuga, H.L. Li, T. Akimoto, Y. Kato, S. Shimizu, H. Komeichi, K. Satomura, T. Aramaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Relation Between Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressure and Myocardial Segment Length and Observations on the Contribution of Atrial Systole
Authors: R. J. LINDEN, J. H. MITCHELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

A method is described for the continuous recording of changes in the length of a segment of left ventricular myocardium, and its advantages and limitations are discussed. The curve depicting the relation between ventricular diastolic pressure and simultaneous changes in the length of a myocardial segment is presented. For a given increment in pressure, the myocardial segment length increases more at low ventricular diastolic pressure than at high pressure. Atrial systole causes a substantial increase in myocardial segment length when the ventricle is on the sensitive part of its pressure-length curve.
THE UTILITY OF CLOPIDOGREL RE-LOADING FOR PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WHO ARE ON CHRONIC CLOPIDOGREL THERAPY AND UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION.
Authors: Asmir I. Syed, Itsik Ben-Dor, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Gabriel Maluenda, Kohei Wakabayashi, Loic Belle, Cedric Delhaye, Michael A. Gaglia, Sara D. Collins, Nicholas Hanna, Nelson Bernardo, Kenneth M. Kent, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Fair Compensation for Physicians
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In 1985, after consultation with many wise persons, I described a developing aura of inevitability that the way physicians in the United States are paid would be changed. 1 I noted that relative value scales, diagnosis related groups, capitation, and spending targets were being considered. I urged physicians to participate in guiding change.  That editorial itemized 12 principles that I believed should be applied in any new physician payment system. These addressed effectiveness and efficiency, pluralism, years of education, level of skill, quality and quantity of work, and provision of preventive services; they took note of excessive charges for some procedures, conflicts of interest, professional liability costs, and instances of gross overcharging and recommended that laws of economic supply and demand be allowed to function.  Since that time, there has been extensive involvement of physicians in developing a new system of payment. Board of Trustees Report AA was adopted as
Urge more women who have previously had a caesarean section to have vaginal delivery, experts say
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors in the United States have emphasised the safety of vaginal delivery for women who have had one or two previous caesarean sections in an attempt to “swing the pendulum back to fewer caesareans and a more reasonable VBAC [vaginal birth after caesarean] rate.” 

In new guidelines the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists says that no woman who wishes to have a vaginal delivery should be forced to undergo a repeat caesarean section ( Obstetrics & Gynecology 2010;116:450-63, doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb251). If a doctor is uncomfortable with a woman’s request during her prenatal care to have a vaginal delivery she should be referred to another doctor or centre, they say.

Richard Waldman, president of the college, said that the current rate of caesarean sections was unacceptably …
Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects.
Authors: J R Juttmann, T J Visser, C Buurman, E de Kam, J C Birkenhager
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D), and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D) were measured at monthly intervals throughout the year in eight normal subjects. 25-OHD was measured by competitive protein-binding assay after Sephadex LH 20 chromatography, 24,25-(OH)2D by competitive protein-binding assay after Sephadex LH 20 and high-pressure chromatography, and 1,25-(OH)2D by radioimmunoassay after the same separation procedure as for 24,25-(OH)2D. A seasonal variation, apparently dependent on exposure to ultraviolet light, was found for all three metabolites. A study in six other normal subjects showed that there was no diurnal rhythm in any of the metabolites. Oral administration of 2 microgram 1,25-(OH)2D caused a sharp rise in serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and no change in the concentrations of the two other metabolites, but by 12 hours the 1,25-(OH)2D concentration had returned to the basal value. The concentrations of all three metabolites studied vary according to the season. Thus to interpret these concentrations in any subject the normal range for the particular season must be referred to.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Is Constitutively Produced by Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Enhances Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Juan Ren, Yi-jin Xiao, Lisam Shanjukumar Singh, Xiaoxian Zhao, Zhenwen Zhao, Li Feng, Tyler M. Rose, Glenn D. Prestwich, Yan Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is both a potential marker and a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. It is critical to identify the sources of elevated LPA levels in ascites and blood of patients with ovarian cancer. We show here that human peritoneal mesothelial cells constitutively produce LPA, which accounts for a significant portion of the chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium from peritoneal mesothelial cells to ovarian cancer cells. Both production of LPA by peritoneal mesothelial cells and the chemotactic activity in the conditioned medium can be blocked by HELSS [an inhibitor of the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2)] and AACOCF3 [an inhibitor of both cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and iPLA2]. Moreover, cell-based enzymatic activity assays for PLA2 indicate that peritoneal mesothelial cells have strong constitutive PLA2 activity. Receptors for LPA, LPA2, and LPA3 are involved in the conditioned medium–induced chemotactic activity. Invasion of ovarian cancer cells into peritoneal mesothelial cells has also been analyzed and shown to require PLA2, LPA receptors, and the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Thus, we show here, for the first time, that human peritoneal mesothelial cells constitutively produce bioactive lipid signaling molecules, such as LPA, via iPLA2 and/or cPLA2 activities. Conditioned medium from peritoneal mesothelial cells stimulate migration, adhesion, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, and may play similar roles in vivo. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3006-14)
Relations between the characteristics and psychological comorbidities of chronic pruritus differ between men and women: women are more anxious than men
Authors: A. Stumpf, S. Ständer, B. Warlich, F. Fritz, P. Bruland, B. Pfleiderer, G. Heuft, G. Schneider
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Although sex and gender are becoming more important in diagnostics and therapy, there is still little knowledge about sex-specific differences in chronic pruritus (CP).To compare, taking into consideration the characteristics of pruritus, sex-specific differences in psychological symptoms in patients with CP.Sociodemographic data, data on the clinical characteristics of the skin and CP were documented over a 1-year period in all patients attending the Competence Center Chronic Pruritus of the University Hospital Münster for the first time. All patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Student's t-tests for independent study groups and linear regression analyses were applied.A total of 619 patients (278 men, 341 women) were included in the analysis. Women were more anxious than men, but were not more depressed. A linear regression analysis indicated that depression and anxiety scores in women were related to the average intensity of pruritus during the previous 4 weeks and to a more generalized pruritus at the beginning of CP; older age in women also correlated with the scores on the depression subscale. Interestingly, the associations were different in men: scores on the depression scale were associated with the diagnosis of CP pruritus with multiple scratch lesions.There are sex-specific differences in the relationship between the psychological symptoms and clinical characteristics of CP; higher anxiety scores were achieved by women. Whether psychological symptoms can be reversed when CP and scratch lesions improve is an issue that needs further exploration.
THE CAUSE OF INFLUENZA
Authors: W. M. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1922)

UUCORRESPONDENC!E.[ TIz BUar?nAThe progress of the epidemic in India, and on previous occa- sions in New Soutlh Wales, hiad slhown that there was a nmarlied tendency for these fleas to die off during the cold weatlher, and tlley could tlhcrefore assume, with reasonable
First Anti-oncogene Discovered; Linked to the Development of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ONCOGENES are no longer the only genes associated with carcinogenesis. The first anti-oncogene has been identified. It is linked to the development of the childhood cancer retinoblastoma, and investigators think that anti-oncogenes may play a role in other cancers as well. Anti-oncogenes, as their name implies, are the inverse of oncogenes. While oncogenes are genes that promote carcinogenesis when they are inappropriately<i>activated</i>, anti-oncogenes are genes that do so when they are inappropriately<i>inactivated</i>. The mechanism of the retinoblastoma anti-oncogene has been described by a team of investigators at the McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Webster K. Cavenee, PhD, director, Ludwig Cancer Centre, McGill, explained how they determined the gene's function at the recent annual meeting of the American Society for Human Genetics in Philadelphia. Cavenee reported that he and his coworkers built their investigation on a substantial body of knowledge accumulated by several
Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk for Duodenal and Gastric Ulceration
Authors: Abraham Nomura, Grant N. Stemmermann, Po-Huang Chyou, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez, Martin J. Blaser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine whether a preexisting Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk for developing duodenal or gastric ulcer.A nested case-control study based on a cohort of 5443 Japanese-American men who had a physical examination and a phlebotomy from 1967 to 1970.All 10 general hospitals on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.150 patients with gastric ulcer and 65 patients with duodenal ulcer identified in the cohort of study participants after a hospital surveillance period of more than 20 years.Stored serum specimens from patients and from matched controls were tested for the presence of serum IgG antibody to H. pylori using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.93% of the 150 patients with gastric ulcer and 78% of the matched controls had a positive antibody level for H. pylori-specific IgG, yielding an odds ratio of 3.2 (95% CI, 1.6 to 6.5). For duodenal ulcer, 92% of the 65 patients and 78% of the matched controls had a positive test result, yielding an odds ratio of 4.0 (CI, 1.1 to 14.2). As the level of antibody to H. pylori increased, a statistically significant increase was noted in the risk for gastric and duodenal ulcer. The association with H. pylori infection was statistically significant for both types of ulcer, even when the diagnosis was made 10 or more years after the serum sample had been obtained.Preexisting H. pylori infection increases the risk for subsequent development of either duodenal or gastric ulcer disease.
Serum cholesterol concentraions in parasuicide
Authors: M. Gallerani, R. Manfredini, S. Caaracciolo, C. Scapoli, S. Molinari, C. Fersini
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> —To evaluate whether people who have committed parasuicide have low serum cholesterol concentrations. <b>DESIGN</b> —Results of blood tests in subjects admitted to hospital for parasuicide compared with those of a control group of non-suicidal subjects; comparison in subgroup of parasuicide subjects of two sets of blood test results (one set from admission for parasuicide and the other from admission for some other illness). <b>SETTING</b> —General hospital, Ferrara, Italy. <b>SUBJECTS</b> —331parasuicide subjects aged 44 (SD 21) years (109 with two sets of blood test results) and 331 controls. <b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</b> —Serum cholesterol concentrations and possible association with parasuicide, considering sex, violence of method of parasuicide, and underlying psychiatric disorder. <b>RESULTS</b> —Lower serum cholesterol concentrations (4.96 (SD 1.16) mmol/l) were found in the parasuicide subjects than in the controls (5.43 (1.30); P &lt; 0.001), regardless of sex and degree of violence of parasuicide method. Both men and women with two sets of blood test results had lower cholesterol concentrations after parasuicide. Linear regression analysis showed that the difference in cholesterol concentrations was significantly related to the length of time between the taking of the two sets of blood samples. <b>CONCLUSION</b> —The study showed low cholesterol concentrations after parasuicide. This finding agrees with previous studies, which suggest an association between low cholesterol concentration and suicide. <h3>Key messages</h3> Trials of cholesterol lowering have shown an increased mortality from violent deaths and suicide No studies of cholesterol concentrations in parasuicide subjects are available This study shows lower cholesterol concentrations in parasuicide subjects than in controls The association between low cholesterol concentration and parasuicide, however, does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn Further prospective trials are needed to focus on the possible effects of abrupt variation in cholesterol concentration on behaviour
Psychology of survival; human reactions to the catastrophes of war
Authors: Thomas Holman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This monograph is an extremely well written dissertation on the reactions of the human mechanism to the stresses engendered by war or other disasters. In lucid, forceful language, the author delineates his pictures of a society under stress and then proceeds to an explanation of the emotional forces at work during these troubled times. Of particular note is a section on terror in which the author describes the progress of emotional reaction from fear to terror and cites several documented reactions in a specific situation. The concluding chapters of the book are concerned with a discussion of psychological first aid and a method for increasing the capacity of the individual for psychological resistance to the emotional onslaught created by disaster. Although this work offers little that is new to the catalogue of human reaction to disaster, it is highly recommended reading for those individuals seeking an answer to the problems
Less Dialysis-Induced Morbidity and Vascular Instability with Bicarbonate in Dialysate
Authors: U. GRAEFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We devised three protocols to test the postulate that increased morbidity during high-efficiency dialysis with large-surface-area units (LS) might be due in part to the increased flux of bicarbonate out and acetate into the patient inherent in LS dialysis. The first protocol showed that with LS-acetate dialysis there was a marked fall in plasma bicarbonate and PCO2 during the first 3 to 4 h, followed by a rapid rise in bicarbonate above normal and return to control in PCO2. With LS-bicarbonate dialysis, these oscillations were largely eliminated. A second double-blind protocol showed that central nervous system-type symptoms noted during and after LS-acetate dialysis were reduced significantly by switching to LS-bicarbonate dialysis. The third protocol showed that with LS-bicarbonate the tolerable rate of ultrafiltration could be increased 67% compared with LS-acetate dialysis.
Comment on “angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 inhibits liver fibrosis in mice”
Authors: Michael G. Lenos, Sofia-Maria Tsaniklidou
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

In their article in the September 2009 issue of HEPATOLOGY, Österreicher et al. conclude with a protective role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on liver injury.1 ACE2 acts to counterbalance up-regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) through degradation of angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7. Based on previous reports on other disease models of RAS overactivity, we would like to highlight another potential anti-RAS mechanism. In these models, immunoassay studies have identified the presence of circulating antibodies against ACE and angiotensin II considered to exert a neutralizing effect.2, 3 Currently, no studies evaluating the levels of serum/tissue anti-RAS antibodies in chronic liver disease models are reported in the literature. It is possible that standardization of their titers could prove to be of prognostic significance. Michael G. Lenos M.D.*, Sofia-Maria Tsaniklidou M.D. , * Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Athens 'HIPPOCRATION', Athens, Greece, Department of Microbiology, General Hospital of Athens 'GENNIMATAS', Athens, Greece.
Complications of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Colonoscopy in the Federal Republic of Germany. Results of an Inquiry
Authors: P. Frühmorgen, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

In April, 1978, we carried out a survey covering 27 hospitals, in which colonoscopy is performed on a routine basis. With respect to the size of the hospital, the equipment available and the level of training of the examiner, this selection may be regarded as representative. A total of 35,892 colonoscopies, 7,365 polypectomies, 58 electrocoagulations and 14 rugectomies were analysed with respect to the nature, localization and treatment of any complications that arose. The rate of complications seen in diagnostic colonoscopy was 0.008% for bleeding and 0.14% for perforation, the mortality rate being 0.02%. As expected, the complication rate for colonoscopic polypectomy was higher. Bleedings were reported in 2.24%, perforations in 0.34% and deaths in 0.1% of the examinations. Of particular importance would seem to be the possibilities of preventing complications. It was shown on the basis of the survey that a good, standardized training of the endoscopist, the strict observance of the contraindications, the non-use of analgesics and general anaesthesia, fluoroscopic control of "difficult" colons and the use of the best instruments and aids presently available, reduce the complication rate to a minimum.
Factors affecting the determination of threshold doses for allergenic foods: How much is too much?
Authors: Steve L. Taylor, Susan L. Hefle, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, S.Allan Bock, A.Wesley Burks, Lynn Christie, David J. Hill, Arne Host, Jonathan O’B. Hourihane, Gideon Lack, Dean D. Metcalfe, Denise Anne Moneret-Vautrin, Peter A. Vadas, Fabienne Rance, Daniel J. Skrypec, Thomas A. Trautman, Ingrid Malmheden Yman, Robert S. Zeiger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Mouse Polycomb M33 is required for splenic vascular and adrenal gland formation through regulating Ad4BP/SF1 expression
Authors: Yuko Katoh-Fukui, Akiko Owaki, Yoshiro Toyama, Masatomo Kusaka, Yuko Shinohara, Mamiko Maekawa, Kiyotaka Toshimori, Ken-ichirou Morohashi
Journal: Blood (2005)