tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Narrowband ultraviolet B treatment for psoriasis increases serum vitamin A levels
Authors: S. Magina, M.J. Cruz, F. Azevedo, D. Moura, E. Moura, M.A. Vieira-Coelho
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Narrowband ultraviolet B treatment for psoriasis increases serum vitamin A levels Get access S. Magina, S. Magina Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, PortugalInstitute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150‐180 Porto, PortugalDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, Portugal E‐mail: smagina@med.up.pt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Cruz, M.J. Cruz Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Azevedo, F. Azevedo Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Moura, D. Moura Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Moura, E. Moura Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, PortugalInstitute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150‐180 Porto, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. Vieira‐Coelho M.A. Vieira‐Coelho Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200‐319 Porto, PortugalInstitute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150‐180 Porto, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 4, 1 October 2012, Pages 958–960, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11006.x Published: 01 October 2012
The introduction of a respiratory high care unit in a district general hospital
Authors: Laura Succony, Heidi Cook, Vanessa Grinstead, Uruj Hoda, Thida Win
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Non invasive ventilation (NIV) has a well documented place in the management of the type two respiratory failure of COPD. Ward based NIV is cost effective when compared to administering the treatment in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting.  Prior to March 2010, type 2 respiratory failure requiring NIV at the Lister Hospital was managed in ICU, under anaesthetic care. In March 2010, a 4 bedded Respiratory High Care Unit (RHCU) was created to deliver NIV in a ward environment.   Aims:  To look at usage of the RHCU in the management of type 2 respiratory failure and the outcomes of those receiving NIV.   Methods:  Bed occupancy records were kept from the introduction of the RHCU. These were analysed from May 2010 to January 2011 in conjunction with medical records to establish diagnosis, length of stay and discharge destination.   Results:  40 patients received NIV over the nine months. 31 (77%) had underlying COPD, 4 (10%) sleep apnoea and the remainder; heart failure, pneumonia, interstitial lung disease and motor neurone disease. Length of stay varied from 1-46 days (mean 11.3, standard deviation 9.7).  In the 31 patients with COPD, 6 already had home NIV, 6 were referred for consideration of home NIV, and 14 (45%) discharged with no need for ongoing ventilation. 5 COPD patients did not survive the admission.   Conclusion:  COPD was the predominant diagnosis in the 40 patients treated with NIV. The introduction of the RHCU allowed savings through the avoidance of an ICU admission and meant a trial of NIV could be used more readily as a ceiling of treatment in end stage COPD. Of note, no COPD patients were transferred from the RHCU to ICU, indicating appropriate selection of patients for ward based NIV.
Infecton: a 99mTc-ciprofloxacin radiopharmaceutical for the detection of bone infection
Authors: J. Malamitsi, H. Giamarellou, K. Kanellakopoulou, E. Dounis, V. Grecka, J. Christakopoulos, G. Koratzanis, A. Antoniadou, G. Panoutsopoulos, C. Batsakis, C. Proukakis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)
Recurrent Tuberculosis in the United States and Canada
Authors: Robert M. Jasmer, Lorna Bozeman, Kevin Schwartzman, M. Donald Cave, Jussi J. Saukkonen, Beverly Metchock, Awal Khan, William J. Burman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Recurrence of active tuberculosis after treatment can be due to relapse of infection with the same strain or reinfection with a new strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The proportion of recurrent tuberculosis cases caused by reinfection has varied widely in previous studies. We evaluated cases of recurrent tuberculosis in two prospective clinical trials: a randomized study of two regimens for the last 4 months of treatment (n = 1,075) and a study of a twice-weekly rifabutin-containing regimen for human immunodeficiency virus-infected tuberculosis (n = 169). Isolates at diagnosis and from positive cultures after treatment completion underwent genotyping using IS6110 (with secondary genotyping for isolates with less than six copies of IS6110). Of 85 patients having a positive culture after completing treatment, 6 (7.1%) were classified as false-positive cultures by a review committee blinded to treatment assignment. Of the remaining 75 cases with recurrent tuberculosis and genotyping data available, 72 (96%; 95% confidence interval, 88.8-99.2%) paired isolates had the same genotype; only 3 (4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-11.2%) had a different genotype and were categorized as reinfection. We conclude that recurrent tuberculosis in the United States and Canada, countries with low rates of tuberculosis, is rarely due to reinfection with a new strain of M. tuberculosis.
Proteomic analysis of antioxidant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with pulmonary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis
Authors: Paola Rottoli, Claudia Landi, Elena Bargagli, Antje Prasse, Barbara Magi, Maria Grazia Perari, Joachim Muller-Quernheim, Luca Bini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pulmonary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a tabacco smoke-related diffuse lung disease of unknown etiopathogenesis. Oxidative-mediated lung injury has been documented in patients with PLCH. In this study we analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, BAL protein expression of antioxidant proteins in a group of patients with PLCH, a group of healthy smokers and a group of no-smoker controls in order to better understand the potential role of oxidant/antioxidant balance in the disease pathogenesis. Among the differentially expressed proteins identified by us, the proteins implicated in the antioxidant defense where thioredoxin (THIO), ALBU, ceruloplasmin (CERU) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3). THIO was a protein identified from a spot down-regulated in PLCH versus smoker controls (p
CT semiotics of respiratory tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients, depending on the degree of immunosuppression
Authors: Pavel Gavrilov, Anna Lazareva, Viacheslav Zhuravlev, Eugenii Malashenkov, Piotr Yablonskii
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: to study the CT semiotics of respiratory tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in relation to the degree of immunosuppression.  Material and methods. The study enrolled 98 patients with verified respiratory tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection. According to the degree of immunosuppression and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, Atlanta, USA, 1993), the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) CD4 ≥500 cells/ul (n = 12); 2) CD4 200-499 cells/ul (n = 34); 3) CD4   Results.  With spiral CT, focal changes with a predominance of clear-cut foci are visualized at a high frequency in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection. In progressive immunosuppression, the CT pattern displays atypical syndromes (frosted glass-type foci, interstitial infiltration, and thin-walled cavities) with the lower rate of alveolar infiltration, as well as lung tissue decay. Enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes are characteristic of 70.0% of the patients with HIV infection and tuberculosis regardless of the level of CD4 cells.  Conclusion. As immunosuppression progresses, the CT pat-tern of respiratory tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection shows as atypical syndromes.
p53-dependent non-coding RNA networks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: C J Blume, A Hotz-Wagenblatt, J Hüllein, L Sellner, A Jethwa, T Stolz, M Slabicki, K Lee, A Sharathchandra, A Benner, S Dietrich, C C Oakes, P Dreger, D te Raa, A P Kater, A Jauch, O Merkel, M Oren, T Hielscher, T Zenz
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Hyper eosinophilic syndrome in a young female - A rare disorder
Authors: Yannawar Anand, Ram Chopra, Nita Munshi, Nani Wadekar, Vaibhav Pandharkar, Chintan Patel, Sharad Patil, Manisha Bhosle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is characterized by blood eosinophilic count 1500 or more for 6 months & eosinophillic infiltrations of multiple organs like heart,bonemarrow,skin, CNS.We report a unique case, rare in a female  Case Report-20 years old female had progressive dyspnoea since 1year. One report with her showed peripheral eosinophilia of 27% Respiratory system revealed signs of left pleural effusion wih fluid eosiophilia Evaluated for this presentation Absolute eosinophillic count was 2750 cells. PFT,ECG were normal.CT thorax revealed RA thrombus & RV infiltrations and cardiac MRI showed typical endomyocardial fibrosis in RV.  Echo showed RA thrombus &apical fibrosis in RV. HES was considered strong possibility.Bone marrow showed 37% eosinophils,no blast cells.  Other causes of eosinophillia were ruled out. Diagnosis of HES was confirmed. BCR-ABL& FIP1L1-PDGFRA-a fusion gene were negative.Patient responded to oral steroids & azothoprime.  Discussion-Multiple organ invovement with eosinophils is an important diagnostic criterion of HES.Malignant transformation is known. Early diagnosis,identification of disease variant are required to prevent fatal outcome.
Abstract 3998: Proton Pump Inhibitors Effect on Clopidogrel Effectiveness: The Clopidogrel Medco Outcomes Study
Authors: Ronald E Aubert, Robert S Epstein, J R Teagarden, Fang Xia, Jianying Yao, Zeruesenay Desta, Todd Skaar, David A Flockhart
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The anti-platelet properties of clopidogrel are thought to be activated by cytochrome P450 2C19. This isoenzyme is potently inhibited by the most commonly prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and therefore may interfere with clopidogrel activation and its anti-platelet effects. Methods: We investigated the potential impact of PPIs on the effectiveness of clopidogrel to prevent coronary artery stent re-stenosis through a retrospective cohort study using the National Medco Integrated Database file, which covers approximately 19 million lives. We selected patients who underwent stent placement at sometime during a one-year period in 2005–2006, who started taking clopidogrel at the time of stent placement, and who were at least 80% compliant during the ensuing year (n=14,383). We followed these patients for the one-year incidence of major adverse CV events: hospitalization for stroke, MI, angina or CABG. We compared those who took clopidogrel alone (n=9862) vs. those who took clopidogrel with PPIs (n=4521), adjusting for baseline differences in age, gender and comorbidity. Results: Stent patients with no preceding CV events taking PPIs with clopidogrel showed a 32.5% incidence of a major CV event within one year vs. 21.2% of patients not taking PPIs (adjusted OR 1.79, CI 1.62–1.97). A more pronounced effect was seen among patients with a preceding CV event; 39.8% vs 26.2% (adjusted OR of 1.86, CI 1.63–2.12). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the drug interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel may result in serious adverse outcomes within one year of therapy initiation, and further support investigations into the effects of cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphisms.
Efficacy of Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis Based on the New 1997 Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System
Authors: Arie Belldegrun, Ke-Hung Tsui, Jean B. deKernion, Robert B. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To analyze the experience with nephron-sparing surgery as a treatment modality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1997, 146 patients underwent partial nephrectomy at the University of California–Los Angeles Medical Center. A matched group of 125 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy at the same institution between 1986 and 1997 were selected for comparison. Patients were monitored for an average period of 57 months. Patients were staged according to both the 1997 and 1987 tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging criteria. Survival data were calculated in terms of both staging criteria. RESULTS: When comparing cancer-specific survival rates for patients with T1 lesions under both the 1987 and 1997 TNM staging criteria, no statistically significant difference in survival was noted (P = .53), although most of the tumors in our series measured ≤ 4 cm. Patients with T2 lesions (1997 TNM) demonstrated a significant decrease in survival (66%) when compared with patients with T1 lesions (100%; P &lt; .001). No statistically significant difference in survival for patients with T1 RCC treated with either radical or partial nephrectomy was noted (P = .219). Survival rates of partial and radical nephrectomies for patients with unilateral T1 RCC and a normal contralateral kidney also were not significantly different (P = .53). In contrast, for patients with lesions greater than T1, survival rates were significantly higher with radical versus partial nephrectomy (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Partial nephrectomy has become an effective method of treating T1 RCC lesions as categorized by both the 1987 and the revised 1997 TNM staging criteria. Selected patients with localized unilateral RCC lesions less than 7 cm (ideally, &lt; 4 cm) and a normal contralateral kidney will benefit from partial nephrectomy.
Protease-activated receptor-2 triggers epithelial to mesenchymal transition: Potential relevance in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Keren Borensztajn, Jan von der Thüsen, Maikel Peppelenbosch, Arnold Spek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) constitutes the most devastating form of fibrotic lung disorders. The destructive fibroblast foci characteristic of IPF originate, at least partly, via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The extracellular signals and cellular receptors triggering EMT in IPF remain incompletely understood however. Recently, we showed that protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor expressed ubiquitously in the lung, is an essential player in fibrotic lung disorders by directly targeting fibroblasts. Here, we explore the role of PAR-2 on epithelial cells by focussing on PAR-2-induced EMT in pulmonary fibrosis. Immunostaining of lung biopsies of IPF patients showed prominent PAR-2 expression by fibroblasts and epithelial cells overlying fibroblast foci. Double stainings indicated that PAR-2 co-localized on cells expressing both epithelial (cytokeratins) and mesenchymal (vimentin) markers, indeed suggesting a role of PAR-2 in EMT in IPF. Subsequent  in vitro  experiments showed that PAR-2 stimulation induced a fibroblast-like morphology in type II lung epithelial cells, the expression of the myofibroblast markers vimentin and α-SMA, and the secretion of collagen. Interestingly, PAR-2 stimulation triggered β-catenin accumulation and translocation to the nucleus. In conclusion, PAR-2 triggers EMT of epithelial cells and PAR-2 dependent activation of the β-catenin/WNT signaling pathway is probably the main driver of PAR-2-induced EMT. Overall our data thus suggest that inhibition of the PAR-WNT axis may be a clinically relevant treatment option in IPF but also in other disorders in which EMT is essential.
Should cardiologists routinely screen and evaluate myocardial infarction patients for sleep disorders
Authors: Filip M. Szymanski, Krzysztof Filipiak, Anna Hrynkiewicz-Szymanska, Grzegorz Karpinski, Grzegorz Opolski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: A risk of a cardiovascular event increases with the number of cardiovascular risk factors.

Aims: The aim of this prospective study was: To identify Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) patients at high risk of OSA, using Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and 2. To decrypt the clinical characteristics of ACS patients at high risk of OSA.

Methods: We studied 158 consecutive patients, assessed by BQ and the ESS. The high risk of OSA was defined as cumulative high risk, based on BQ and ESS scores higher than 10 in a scale of 24.

Results: Fifty four (34.2%) patients were at high risk. On admission patients at high risk of OSA had significantly often history of hypertension (92.6% vs. 55.8%; p<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (37% vs. 15.4%; p=0.0049), significantly higher mean ESS (14.83±3.02 vs. 5.83±3.33; p<0.0001), systolic blood pressure (149.9±34.2 vs. 128.4±23.6 mmHg; p<0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (87.7±17.4 vs. 76.2±12.1 mmHg; p<0.0001), Body Mass Index (32.3±4.6 vs. 27±3.8 kg/m2; p<0.0001), and lower Glomerular Filtration Rate (79.5±21.2 vs. 87.5±22.2 ml/min/1.73 m2; p=0.048). Patients at high risk of OSA had often onset of acute chest pain between midnight and 5.59 am compared to the patients at low risk (42.6% vs. 26%; p<0.05). Mortality (7.4% vs. 1%; p=0.03) was more frequent in patients at high risk of OSA.

Conclusions: Every third ACS patient was diagnosed with OSA. Cardiologists should routinely screen and evaluate myocardial infarction patients for sleep disorders, especially when they are obese, have hypertension, and chest pain in the night hours.
Relevance of six-minute walk parameters in predicting pulmonary gas transfer
Authors: Muhammad Irfaan Khan, Steve Scholey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Gas Transfer (GT) is routinely used in the assessment of ventilatory function. This study evaluates the predictive power of six minute walk (6MW) for the estimation of gas transfer, where there are issues with technical reliability or test performance.   Aim    To identify the strongest 6MW predictors of GT, and determine if ATS/ERS disease classification altered predictor significance.   Methods   Technically reliable, same-day lung function and 6MW results were compared in clinically stable patients (n=84), using the same pulmonary function equipment and 6MW track. Oxygen and short acting bronchodilators had been withheld prior to testing following intervention cessation guidelines. Disease classifications were based on ATS/ERS interpretation strategies. Voluntary consent and ethics submission were required.   Results   46 males and 38 females, aged 68 (SD = 10.1), BMI 30.6 (SD = 5.8) performed same day gas transfer and 6MW. Study included 43 obstructive, 19 restrictive, 16 mixed, and 6 normal individuals. Co-linearity adjusted multiple regression identified a predictive model based on distance walked (DW), BMI, gender, age, recovery time, lowest oxygen saturation, and total time walked (P 2  = 0.65), while only DW and BMI predicted gas exchange impairment and transfer coefficient. Disease classification did not affect the significance of predictor variables, although 6MWD was a greater predictor for patients with obstructive disease (0.82, R 2  = 0.72).   Conclusion   6MW may be used to estimate GT, DW being the most important variable, with greater relevance in obstructive patients.
Acute asthma in Buenos Aires
Authors: Gabriel Garcia, Miguel Bergna, Luis Nannini, Hugo Neffen, Gustavo Rodrigo, Sandra Mercurio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective: to establish if management of acute asthma in the emergency rooms in Buenos Aires follows the international guidelines  Method: we conducted an anonymous survey to physicians from 48 public hospitals (25 from Buenos Aires and 23 from sub urban zone) during March/April 2011.  Results: One hundred sixty three medical doctors from emergency rooms were surveyed (Graduation year 1999±9), forty-two (25%) were pediatricians. There was one respiratory hospital in each zone. 93% of the medical doctors responded that they commonly treated patients with acute asthma. However, 48% did not have guidelines or protocol in the emergency room, whereas 65% commented that they did not have access to any poster, checklist or guide for acute asthma management. 91% of the doctors explained that they had a pulse oxymeter in the emergency room but only 18% reported that they had a Peak expiratory Flow Meter. More than 80%, informed that they used nebulised salbutamol in the first hour of treatment, 39% associated to ipratropium and more than a third used systemic corticosteroids through intravenous route. More than three quarters of the doctors gave a written plan to the patient but a short course of oral costiscosteroids was prescribed only by 20% of the surveyed doctors.  Conclusion: this survey showed that management of acute asthma in Buenos Aires does not follow international recommendations and guidelines.
Single‐dose intravenous gammaglobulin can stabilize neutrophil <scp>M</scp>ac‐1 activation in sickle cell pain crisis
Authors: Deepa Manwani, Grace Chen, Veronica Carullo, Stelian Serban, Olugbenga Olowokure, Jungeun Jang, Matthew Huggins, Hillel W. Cohen, Henny Billett, George F. Atweh, Paul S. Frenette, Patricia A. Shi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) decreases neutrophil adhesion to endothelium and red blood cell-neutrophil interactions in sickle cell mice undergoing vaso-occlusion. In this Phase I clinical trial of sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients admitted with pain crisis, we evaluated the status of adhesion molecules on neutrophils in control and IVIG-treated subjects pre- and post-infusion up to 800 mg/kg, the same dose used in murine studies. Mac-1 function significantly decreased from baseline in the low-dose IVIG (200-400 mg/kg) cohorts. IVIG-related adverse events may have occurred in the high-dose (600-800 mg/kg) cohorts. There were no significant increases in neutrophil and leukocyte counts, suggesting that IVIG may more selectively inhibit Mac-1 function as opposed to neutrophil adhesion. This study provides the first in-human validation of pre-clinical murine studies that IVIG can decrease Mac-1 function.