tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Recombinant Human Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Saroj Vadhan-Raj, Michael Keating, Anne Lemaistre, Walter N. Hittelman, Kenneth McCredie, Jose M. Trujillo, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Christopher Henney, Jordan U. Gutterman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and refractory cytopenias. In an attempt to improve hematopoiesis, we administered recombinant human granulocyte--macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to eight patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, as part of a Phase I trial. The GM-CSF was given by continuous intravenous infusion daily for two weeks and then again after a two-week rest period. Over the entire dose range tested (30 to 500 micrograms per square meter of body-surface area), treatment was associated with marked increases in peripheral-blood leukocytes (5- to 70-fold), including granulocytes (5- to 373-fold), in all eight patients. The absolute number of monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes increased in all patients. Three of eight patients also had 2- to 10-fold increases in platelet counts and improvement in erythropoiesis, with the result that two of three patients who had required red-cell and platelet transfusions no longer needed them (at 20 to 27 weeks of follow-up). Treatment was also associated with increased marrow cellularity and a decreased percentage of blasts in the bone marrow of patients with excess blasts, resulting in an increase in the ratio of differentiated myeloid cells to immature myeloid cells. We observed relatively few side effects, but bone pain was dose-limiting when it was associated with high white-cell counts. Our results showed that GM-CSF is a potent stimulator of hematopoiesis in vivo and may produce hematologic improvement in the short term (8 to 32 weeks of observation) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. More experience, with longer follow-up periods, will be necessary to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this new treatment.
570 INCREASED KILLING OF LIVER NK CELLS MEDIATED BY FAS/FASL AND NKG2D/NKG2DL CONTRIBUTES TO HEPATOCYTE NECROSIS IN BOTH EXPERIMENTAL AND HUMAN SEVERE VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: Y. Zou, T. Chen, H. Wang, W. Yan, G. Song, Z. Wu, X. Wang, X. Luo, Q. Ning
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Well-Being Therapy of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Chiara Ruini, Chiara Rafanelli, Livio Finos, Luigi Salmaso, Lara Mangelli, Saulo Sirigatti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; There is increasing awareness that the goal of treatment in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) should not simply be a response, but restoration of normal function. The aim of this study was to apply a novel psychotherapeutic approach for increasing the level of remission in GAD. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Twenty patients with DSM-IV GAD devoid of comorbid conditions were randomly assigned to 8 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or the sequential administration of 4 sessions of CBT followed by other 4 sessions of well-being therapy (WBT). Assessment methods included the Anxiety and Depression Scales of Paykel’s Clinical Interview for Depression, Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales and Kellner’s Symptom Questionnaire. A one-year follow-up was undertaken. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Significant advantages of the CBT-WBT sequential combination over CBT only were observed with both observer and self-rated methods after treatment. Such gains were maintained at follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These preliminary results suggest the feasibility and clinical advantages of adding WBT to the treatment of GAD. They lend support to a sequential use of treatment components for achieving a more sustained recovery.
Abstract 4632: Phosphatidylserine-targeting ‘betabodies’ for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Xianming Huang, Dan Ye, Troy Luster, Philip E. Thorpe
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bavituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that is being combined with chemotherapy to treat patients with lung or pancreatic cancer in randomized Phase II clinical trials. Bavituximab targets the immunosuppressive lipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), which becomes exposed on the outer membrane surface of tumor blood vessels and tumor cells in tumors responding to therapy. The antibody acts by destroying tumor vasculature and by reactivating tumor immunity. Here, we generated new PS-targeting therapeutics by fusing domains of the PS-binding plasma protein, mouse β2-glycoprotein I (≥2GP1), to the Fc region of mouse IgG2a. Such ‘betabodies’ potentially have advantages over bavituximab. They bind directly to PS, whereas bavituximab requires a cofactor protein (≥2GP1) for binding; they can be made fully human; they are smaller in size (100KDa versus 250KDa for the bavituximab: β2GP1 complexes); and they have slower blood clearance rates. Many different constructions of betabodies were tested, each having different orientations, domains, and glycosylation patterns. Constructs were identified that bound strongly to PS-expressing cells and plates, localized to tumor vascular endothelium in vivo, and had α-phase blood half-lives of approximately seven days after intravenous injection into mice as compared with two days for a murine version of bavituximab. Betabodies could potentially be the next generation of PS-targeting cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4632. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4632
Hemodynamics alterations induced by isoproterenol and pacing after aortic valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley or St. Jude medical prosthesis.
Authors: J Thormann, M Gottwik, M Schlepper, F Hehrlein
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Stress evaluation was carried out in 26 patients approximately 7 months after aortic valve replacement with Björk-Shiley valves (13 patients) and St. Jude medical valves (13 patients). During isoproterenol infusion (0.3 micrograms/kg/min), cardiac output increased by a factor of 1.5 and aortic valve area decreased by 50% for both valve groups, while transvalvular gradients (rest: 7 +/- 2 vs 10 +/- 5 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05) increased by 42 +/- 18 vs 51 +/- 18 mm Hg (p greater than 0.05), i.e., to levels of moderate aortic stenosis. However, during pacing stress these values progressively decreased with rising heart rates. In other postoperative evaluations that included ergometric stress with isoproterenol and pacing, induced hemodynamic changes after aortic valve replacement were predictable and consistent with regard to both direction and magnitude, and they differed characteristically according to the type of stress used. We conclude that no functional differences between Björk-Shiley and St. Jude medical valves can be claimed. Standardized evaluation with isoproterenol is a sensitive stress test of prosthetic valvular hemodynamics. Because of the apparent magnification of residual obstruction after aortic valve replacement, it has advantages over pacing.
International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical preparations, cumulative list 1962.
Authors: Joseph B. Jerome
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This publication makes readily available all the international nonproprietary names for drugs adopted by the World Health Organization from 1953 to 1961. Nonproprietary names are given in both Latin and English versions and chemical compounds are identified by Chemical Abstracts index names, the latter through the efforts of Dr. Clarence T. Van Meter. Since the problem of providing trademarks at the international level is quite extensive, these are not given here and the usefulness of this publication is, to some degree, limited. The method for adopting international nonproprietary names for drugs is outlined and the general principles for devising these names are also given. This is a basic reference work in an area of increasing importance in international health, as it provides the bridge essential to improved dissemination of information on drugs.
The Advantages of Small-Gauge Spinal Needles
Authors: Fred J. Spielman, Steven Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We agree with Drs Eng and Seligman (1981;245:1456) that lumbar puncture itself can introduce blood-containing organisms into the subarachnoid space and thus cause bacterial meningitis in a patient without preexisting meningeal infection. Although the size of spinal needles used in the selected cases were not mentioned, we have commonly observed diagnostic lumbar punctures performed with 20-gauge needles. Certainly the use of a smaller needle would decrease the incidence of vessel puncture and contamination. The use of a 22-gauge spinal needle allows for satisfactory CSF sampling and opening pressure movements; in addition, lumbar puncture with a 25-gauge needle can provide adequate CSF sampling. Patients to be studied commonly have a coagulopathy, and vessel puncture may lead to major neurological sequelae.<sup>2</sup>Finally, post-lumbar puncture headaches may complicate any ongoing neurological assessment, and the incidence of this type of headache is greater with a 20-gauge spinal needle (8%)<sup>3</sup>
Thalidomide in the treatment of refractory orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: K. Eustace, J. Clowry, B. Kirby, A. Lally
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: B.K. is in receipt of unrestricted research grants from Abbott Ltd, Pfizer and Janssen, and works as an advisor to and consultant for Abbott Ltd, Pfizer and Janssen. Dear Editor, The treatment of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) remains challenging, and spontaneous remission is rare. We report the case of a 43‐year‐old man with a 15‐year history of swollen and cracked lips who initially presented to dermatology in 2007 following referral from oral medicine. Examination revealed thickened, indurated and fissured lips, cobblestoning of the buccal mucosa and lower labial mucosa, and angular cheilitis. A clinical diagnosis of OFG was made, and histology showed noncaseating granulomas. He was systemically well. Thorough radiological and endoscopic investigations revealed no evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Patch testing to the British standard, cosmetic/facial, medicament and dental series demonstrated an allergic reaction to benzoic acid 5% and cinnamic aldehyde 1%, and he was educated with regard to diet restriction.
NICE joins campaign for full disclosure of clinical trial data
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is supporting a campaign backed by the BMJ to promote openness in reporting of clinical trials.

NICE signed the AllTrials campaign’s petition (alltrials.net) on 19 February, joining a host of leading medical bodies and charities, as the number of signatories rose above 30 000.

NICE’s chairman, Michael Rawlins, said, “We strongly believe that all clinical trial …
Dutch whooping cough epidemic puzzles scientists
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Dutch scientists are struggling to identify the exact cause of an epidemic of whooping cough that has swept through the country despite vaccination rates as high as 96%. Similar problems are also being reported from Norway and Denmark.

The incidence of whooping cough in the Netherlands had been relatively low, but reported cases increased from 321 in 1995 to 2778 (18 per 100000 population) in 1996. By the end of November last year 3747 cases had been reported.

Reports have been widespread, with no clustering in areas of low vaccination. Neither has evidence been found for a similar increase in whooping cough in …
Adding Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to SRIs May Improve OCD Symptoms
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ultrasound Screening for the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: P. D. DePriest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Ovarian cancer screening in the general population has been performed using ultrasound examination of the female pelvis and serum tumor marker determinations. Ultrasound examinations, particularly transvaginal sonography (TVS), have been advocated as potentially useful modalities. Investigators from the University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY) and Hirosaki University (Hirosaki, Japan) have recently published results from ultrasound-based ovarian cancer screening studies. The Kentucky trial screened 14,469 women using TVS on an annual basis. One hundred eighty women underwent surgery, and 17 ovarian cancers were detected, 11 of which were invasive epithelial lesions. The Hirosaki trial reported the results of an ultrasound-based screening study among 51,550 women who were first-time participants. Three hundred twenty-four women underwent surgery, and 22 ovarian cancers were detected. In each of these trials, the positive predictive value of gray-scale sonography was low. Morphologic tumor indexing and Doppler examinations have both been proposed as potential second-line studies, which could increase the positive predictive value of gray-scale ultrasound. A review of these techniques is presented. At present, ovarian cancer screening in the general population using ultrasound examinations is an experimental technique. Further studies are needed to determine whether second-line testing can improve the positive predictive value of gray-scale sonography such that asymptomatic women do not undergo unnecessary surgery for benign masses.
BIG-1: A new TAG-1/F3-related member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with neurite outgrowth-promoting activity
Authors: Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Miwa Kawasaki, Akiko Tani, Atsushi Tamada, Shigekazu Nagata, Hiroyuki Kagamiyama, Kensaku Mori
Journal: Neuron (1994)
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY WITH PROSPECTS ECG GATING
Authors: Pradnya Velankar, Belqis El Ferjani, Sayf Khaleel Bala, Kongkiat Chaikriangkrai, Zahoor Khan, Venkateshwar Polsani, Faisal Nabi, Su Min Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mitral Annular Calcification Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Helen Parise, Daniel Levy, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) has been associated with stroke in longitudinal, community-based cohorts and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in many small retrospective studies. Prospective data are limited on the relation of MAC with CVD morbidity and mortality.We examined the association between MAC assessed by M-mode echocardiography and the incidence of CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death over 16 years of follow-up in the Framingham Heart Study subjects who attended a routine examination between 1979 and 1981. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with the presence of MAC for each outcome. Of 1197(445 male, 752 female) subjects who had adequate echocardiographic assessment, 14% had MAC. There were 307 incident CVD events and 621 deaths. In multivariable adjusted analyses, MAC was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.0), CVD death (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1, 2.3), and all-cause death (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.6). For each 1-mm increase in MAC, the risk of incident CVD, CVD death, and all-cause death increased by approximately 10%.The independent association of MAC with incident CVD and CVD death underscores that cardiac calcification is a marker of increased CVD risk.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PAROTITIS
Authors: MARTHA WOLLSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The subject of the etiology of parotitis has been investigated from a bacteriologic standpoint, and cocci have been isolated from the blood, saliva, and fluid aspirated from the swollen parotid gland.<sup>1</sup>Attempts to reproduce parotitis in animals by the inoculation of such cocci proved entirely unsuccessful, showing that these earlier studies had not solved the problem of the etiology of mumps. The cocci are probably contaminations. In 1908, Granata<sup>2</sup>first used saliva filtrate from parotitis patients for animal inoculation, suggesting that the virus of parotitis may be a filterable one. Since then investigators have tried to reproduce the disease in laboratory animals rather than to isolate a bacterium from human patients. Granata worked with rabbits; Gordon<sup>3</sup>inoculated monkeys intracerebrally. Nicolle and Conseil<sup>4</sup>injected material into the parotid glands of monkeys. The results of all these investigations were only suggestive as far as the reproduction of mumps
CANINE HEMOPHILIA
Authors: John B. Graham, Joseph A. Buckwalter, L. J. Hartley, Kenneth M. Brinkhous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

A study was made of the clotting defect and the course of the malady in a group of male dogs with an inherited, sex-linked bleeding disease. The clotting defect is characterized by a prolonged clotting time and a delayed prothrombin utilization, and is corrected by the addition either of thromboplastin or of normal plasma. A plasma protein fraction, fraction I, also corrects the defect. The defect appears to be due to a deficiency of a plasma factor, which normally, in the presence of platelets, makes thromboplastin available in shed blood. The clotting anomaly appears to be identical with that found in human hemophilia. The hemostatic defect is characterized by repeated hemorrhages, usually without obvious relationship to trauma. Hemarthroses occur frequently and may result in permanent joint deformity. The animals usually die early in life from massive hemorrhage. Transfusions with normal blood or plasma correct the clotting defect and readily control the hemorrhagic phenomena. By the use of transfusions, these dogs have been reared to maturity.
Selective Efficacy of Depsipeptide in a Xenograft Model of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Authors: S. Roychowdhury, R. A. Baiocchi, S. Vourganti, D. Bhatt, B. W. Blaser, A. G. Freud, J. Chou, C.-S. Chen, J. J. Xiao, M. Parthun, K. K. Chan, C. F. Eisenbeis, A. K. Ferketich, M. R. Grever, C.-S. Chen, M. A. Caligiuri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Immune-compromised individuals are at increased risk for developing aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated lymphoproliferative disorders after primary EBV infection or for reactivation of a preexisting latent EBV infection. We evaluated the effect of depsipeptide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines in a mouse model and explored its mechanism of action in vitro. Methods: We studied EBV-transformed LCLs, which express a latent III (Lat-III) viral gene profile, as do some EBV-positive lymphoproliferative malignancies, and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, which express a Lat-I viral gene profile. Cell lines were used to characterize depsipeptide-induced apoptosis, which was evaluated by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, western blot analyses, and histone deacetylase inhibitors were used to investigate components of prodeath and survival pathways in vitro. We studied depsipeptide's effects on survival with a mouse xenograft model of EBV-positive human B-cell tumors (groups of 10 mice). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Depsipeptide (5 mg/m2 of body surface area) treatment was associated with statistically significantly improved survival of mice carrying Lat-III EBV–positive LCL tumors, compared with that of control-treated mice (day 30: for depsipeptide-treated mice, 90% survival, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 73.2% to 100%; for control-treated mice, 20% survival, 95% CI = 5.79% to 69.1%; P<.001), but it was not associated with survival of mice carrying Lat-I EBV–positive Burkitt lymphoma tumors. Depsipeptide induced apoptosis in 64% of LCLs and in 14% of EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cells in vitro. Depsipeptide-treated LCL cultures had two distinct cell populations—one sensitive and one resistant to depsipeptide. Depsipeptide-mediated apoptosis was associated with a 12-fold increased level of active caspase 3, but some apoptosis persisted despite z-VAD-fmk treatment to inhibit caspase activity. Depsipeptide-resistant LCLs expressed higher levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1; P = .017), BCL2 (P = .032), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) (P<.001) than depsipeptide-sensitive LCLs; this resistance was circumvented by treatment with PS-1145, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation (P<.001). Conclusions: Apoptosis is induced by depsipeptide via caspase-dependent and -independent pathways in Lat-III EBV–positive LCLs and is enhanced by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Depsipeptide as a treatment for Lat-III EBV–associated lymphoproliferative disorders should be explored further in clinical trials.