tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FACE PROTECTIVE ORTHOSIS: A NEED FOR CONTACT SPORTS
Authors: Kamiar Ghoseiri, Ahlam Bavi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background and Aim Craniomaxillofacial traumas are of the most common sport related injuries. The most common sport related facial traumas are soft tissue injuries and bone fractures primarily due to impact of other players especially in team games. A rehabilitative sport related orthosis, could protect the injured site and help earlier return of athlete to the match. Technique Face protective orthosis is custom molded from negative impression of athlete's face. Negative impression should be taken while athlete has lied supine with his/her face upward. The orthosis has an open structure that is critical for sport activities to reduce perspiration and improve ventilation. It is light weight and structured as a one-piece rigid plastic shell that secured in place with three elastic straps. Due to diverse patterns of craniomaxillofacial injuries, the shape, length, trimline and characteristics of face protective orthosis could be modified. Discussion Face protective orthoses could have prophylactive or rehabilitative roles according to task and prescription reason. Governing bodies are responsible of care for safety of athletes and should regulate the use of face protective orthosis in contact sports. Although the main action of the facial orthoses should be protection, the design of face protective orthosis should be improved both functionally and aesthetically to promote its use by athletes.
Exercise May Extend Life in Patients With High Serum Uric Acid
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Survival of hemophilic males with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with and without risk factors for AIDS other than hemophilia
Authors: Robert C. Holman, Phillip H. Rhodes, Terence L. Chorba, Bruce L. Evatt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Between January 1, 1981, and June 30, 1990, 1,514 hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in males were diagnosed in the United States. In 1,394, hemophilia was reported as the sole risk factor. For an additional 120, other risk factors were reported: of 101 of these, 40 had homosexual/bisexual activity, 53 had a history of intravenous drug use, and 8 had both of these risk factors. We examined the demographic data and the survival data of two principal groups: males for whom hemophilia was the sole reported risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure, and hemophilic males for whom homosexual/bisexual activity, intravenous drug use, or both of these additional risk factors were reported. The survival curves showed marginal differences between the hemophilia-only and the multiple risk groups; the median survival times were 13.1 and 14.6 months, with the cumulative probability of survival at 1 year as 52.7% and 54.0%, respectively. Kaposi's sarcoma was among AIDS indicator diseases more commonly found in the multiple risk factor group. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the sole reported diagnosis indicative of AIDS for 34.4% of those in the hemophilia-only group, compared with 20.8% of those with multiple risk factors. The principal demographic difference between the two groups was the age distribution; those in the multiple risk factor group were primarily between 20 and 44 years of age. Restricting the analysis to those between 20 and 44 years resulted in a slightly longer survival time in the hemophilia-only group and no appreciable difference between the disease distributions and survival curves of the two groups.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Utility of Absolute and Relative Changes in Cardiac Troponin Concentrations in the Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Tobias Reichlin, Mihael Potocki, Christian Mueller, Affan Irfan, Raphael Twerenbold, Miriam Reiter, Willibald Hochholzer, Hanna Crettol, Federico Peter, Julia Meissner, Philip Haaf, Beatrice Drexler, Stefano Bassetti, Stephan Steuer, Katrin Winkler, Stefan Osswald
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We thank Kavsak and MacRae for taking interest in our recent clinical research assessing absolute versus relative concentration changes in cardiac troponin for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 1 We found that the diagnostic accuracy for AMI of absolute cardiac troponin changes is very high and markedly superior in comparison with corresponding relative changes.The method used for comparison was a simple receiver operating characteristic curve, which is an established test to measure the diagnostic accuracy of a test.Kavsak and MacRae questioned "whether focusing solely on either the absolute change or on a relative change is appropriate or practical in the context of the diagnosis of AMI," and therefore further suggested combining the 2 variables.As scientists, we could not agree more with the concept of combining the best possible of several signals.As clinicians, however, we also need to factor in the aspect of applicability in routine clinical care.Any potential gain in diagnostic accuracy of a suggested algorithm needs to be balanced against the hurdles its use may have.At least in our dataset, we were unable to find a combination of absolute and relative changes that would have provided higher diagnostic accuracy in comparison with the use of absolute changes only.This finding may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that changes are not used in isolation, but always in combination with the absolute cardiac troponin value at presentation.Because the absolute value at presentation has high diagnostic accuracy in itself, with very high levels having a very high positive predictive value for AMI, changes need to be considered as an add-on diagnostic tool.Another aspect to consider is the use of other easily available baseline characteristics to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac troponin, eg, age, sex, history of coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. 2 Again, for the appropriate use in clinical practice, any potential increase in diagnostic accuracy will need to be balanced against the complexity added.As scientists and clinicians, our task is to deliver solutions that are accurate and simple to use in everyday clinical settings, to allow clinicians to spend as much time, brain power, and effort on the most important aspects of patient care.
PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING OPERATIVE INTERFERENCE IN HETEROPHORIA.
Authors: E. J. GARDINER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Nothing is more gratifying and satisfactory to the student than to group together certain phenomena of constant occurrence and, by the synthetic method, make a generalization that will be applicable to all cases that present these phenomena. A generalization is a very comfortable instrument of thought, and like mechanical devices it is a saver of time and of a multitude of pains. But the task that has been allotted to me deals with conditions so complex, and is fraught with so many difficulties, that to lay down any set of principles that will govern, without many exceptions in the multitude of varieties under which these interesting anomalies present themselves, is next to impossible. No generalization that I know of fits the condition. We are, therefore, constrained to apply such knowledge as we have gathered by personal observation and experience to the particular case under consideration. As corroborating testimony to this
Transfer of Full-Length Dmd to the Diaphragm Muscle of Dmdmdx/mdx Mice through Systemic Administration of Plasmid DNA
Authors: Feng Liu, Makiya Nishikawa, Paula R. Clemens, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a large cytoskeletal protein in muscle, lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Affected individuals often die of respiratory failure resulting primarily from diaphragm muscle degeneration. Here we report a new procedure to transfer the full-length dystrophin cDNA into the diaphragm muscle of Dmdmdx/mdx mice, which carry a mutation in the dystrophin gene (Dmd). Significant gene transfer was found after intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA followed by a brief (eight second) occlusion of blood flow at the vena cava. This is the first demonstration of gene transfer into the diaphragm muscle through systemic administration of naked plasmid DNA. The approach has potential application for treatment of DMD.
Hazards of Administering Long-term Formalin Treatment
Authors: Jayson M. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  During the period 1979 to 1983, a blunder by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) on  led to widespread public anxiety about safe levels of  vapor in homes. For lack of any substantial evidence, the CPSC's rule was struck down. 1 The commission confused the effects of highly concentrated formalin solutions, up to 370,000 ppm, weight per volume, with normal background levels of vapor as low as 0.03 to 0.12 ppm, volume per volume. Scientific support could not be produced to show that trace home levels of  vapor caused immunologic  in humans. The theory of such  to vapor has been broadly rejected by scientific consensus groups. 2,3   In the wake of that ban, however, thousands of persons continue to be treated for the condition formaldehyde allergy by instillation of formalin drops onto the mucosa of mouth or into skin by subcutaneous
Race and sex differences in erythrocyte Na+, K+, and Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase.
Authors: N Lasker, L Hopp, S Grossman, R Bamforth, A Aviv
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Several reports indicate that erythrocytes (RBCs) from blacks and men have higher sodium concentrations than those from whites and women. One possible mechanism to explain this finding is a difference in the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase. To explore this possibility, we have studied the Na+ and K+ kinetics of RBC Na+-K+-ATPase and RBC Na+ and K+ concentrations in 37 normotensive blacks and whites, both males and females. The maximal initial reaction velocity (Vmax) values for RBC Na+-K+-ATPase were lower in blacks and men as compared with whites and women. Higher RBC Na+ levels were observed in blacks and males vs. whites and females. Significant inverse correlations were noted between the Na+-K+-ATPase activity and RBC Na+ concentrations. These findings indicate that cellular Na+ homeostasis is different in blacks and men as compared with whites and women. Since higher RBC Na+ concentrations have also been observed in patients with essential hypertension as compared with normotensive subjects, the higher intracellular Na+ concentrations in blacks and men may contribute to the greater predisposition of these groups to essential hypertension.
AN OPERATIVE METHOD FOR CORRECTION OF CERTAIN FORMS OF FLATFOOT
Authors: C. L. LOWMAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

There are certain types of feet which, despite long and carefully applied corrective procedures, persist in assuming a bad valgus position with marked depression and flattening of the arches. We may prop them up, exercise them faithfully, and use massage, elevation, strapping and padding diligently for several years, and still find that, on removal of the brace or support, the foot tips and flattens as much as ever. Much attention has been given to the correction of valgus deformities in the paralytic type of flatfoot, but many are still withholding surgery from other forms of flatfoot, even though resistant to efforts at correction by other means.  Flatfoot of the congenital type, both rigid and flexible, and pes planus in young adults and adolescents, either flexible or rigid, that have failed of correction by conservative procedures, should be investigated most thoroughly to ascertain the cause of failure, and the same effort
Abstract 5749: Birth weight and sex hormones in adolescent girls: Results from the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC)
Authors: Elizabeth H. Ruder, Terryl J. Hartman, Michael J. Rovine, Joanne F. Dorgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to explore the association of birth weight and concentrations of sex hormones (serum estrogens, progesterone, androgens and sex hormone blinding globulin (SHBG)) among girls participating in the Hormone Ancillary Study (HAS) of the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC), a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a reduced fat diet intervention on serum hormones. Serum was collected at 5 points during the study and captured the participants’ before, during, and after puberty. Of the 301 girls in DISC, 263 participated in the HAS and had a reported birth weight. Hormones were measured by radioimunnoassay and SHBG was measured by an immunoradiometric assay. Mixed linear regression models were used to calculate hormone concentrations during follow-up after controlling for potential covariates including DISC intervention assignment. Preliminary results for 203 participants suggest an inverse association of birth weight and concentration of DHEAS throughout the 7 years of follow-up after adjusting for years until/ since menarche and other covariates (P ≤ 0.05). An inverse association between birth weight and pre-menarche concentration of androstenedione was observed (P ≤ 0.05), but the relationship did not maintain statistical significance after adjusting for years until menarche (P ≤ 0.24); suggesting that effect of birth weight on pre-menarche androstenedione concentrations may occur in part via the association of birth weight and age at menarche. Post-menarche concentrations of SHBG were positively associated with birth weight, independent of years since menarche (P ≤ 0.05) and other covariates. Luteal phase estradiol, free estradiol and estrone concentrations were positively associated with birth weight, independent of years since menarche and other covariates (P = 0.04, 0.03, 0.05 respectively). No association was found among the other hormones under investigation or the follicular phase estrogens. In conclusion, these data suggest that pre-menarche androstenedione concentration may be inversely associated with birth weight, but this association is likely mediated by the relationship of birth weight and age at menarche. Conversely, the relationships between birth weight and DHEAS, post-menarche SHBG, and certain luteal phase estrogens appear to be independent of the effect of birth weight on age at menarche. Although untested, it is possible that birth weight, as a proxy for in utero hormone exposure, could potentially influence breast cancer risk via long-term effects on pubertal sex hormones on breast tissue development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5749.
Profile of the Public Health Nurse
Authors: Virginia M. Ohlson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The role of the nurse continues to be a favored subject for social science research and a topic for debate and conjecture among the health professions. Although differences in role perception exist, a fairly constant public as well as professional image persist with respect to the nurse who works within the hospital, an image which permits her to function, at least in part, in a patient-care-centered capacity. The function of her counterpart in the community, the public health nurse, frequently is not so well known or understood. With the growing complexities of extended health services beyond hospitalization, a clarification of the role of the public health nurse is warranted. The nurse in the community is eager to work with the physician, the hospital nurse, and other related health personnel in coordinated planning for the provision and continuity of patient care. The two requests she makes of the physicians are to
126 INTERPLAY BETWEEN NETRIN-1 AND HCV REPLICATION IN VITRO AND IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M.-L. Plissonnier, T. Lahlali, S. Dazy, F. Lebosse, D. Goldschneider, Y. Baazia, A. Paradisi, M. Michelet, D. Durantel, B. Bartosch, P. Deny, P. Mehlen, F. Zoulim, R. Parent
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Remarks on ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1928)

some diffidence that I accepted the invitation open discuission on advances in-the treatment of cervix, for the reason that, since I etired practice, just a year ago, my pei-sonal advance has been in the temporal rather than the gynaecological direc- a pleasant tihing, says Lucretius,t to watch colleagues toiling, especially when they are at sea, and proverbially see most of the game, havling played the game for forty years, perhaps I may be able to point out some advances which have been made, some a(lvances which need making, and some methods of inquiry iihichi give a false impres'sion of the fact, the degree, and the of advance.In connexioll I would emphasize the futility placing; anty relianee upon statistical inquiries based upon inisufficient data, with which the literature of the -subject abounds.These statistics purport to give the " absolute i-ate of vam-ions methods of treatment in figures carrie(l to two pllaces of (lecinials, and if, like a, celebrated Chancellor of the Exchequer, you inquire the meaning those damnled dots," you will usually find 4 H.
Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase modifies the phenotypic severity of murine models of erythropoietic protoporphyria and β-thalassemia
Authors: An-Ping Han, Mark D. Fleming, Jane-Jane Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) controls protein synthesis by phosphorylating the α-subunit of eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). In heme deficiency, HRI is essential for translational regulation of α- and β-globins and for the survival of erythroid progenitors. HRI is also activated by a number of cytoplasmic stresses other than heme deficiency, including oxidative stress and heat shock. However, to date, HRI has not been implicated in the pathogenesis of any known human disease or mouse phenotype. Here we report the essential role of HRI in 2 mouse models of human rbc disorders, namely erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and β-thalassemia. In both cases, lack of HRI adversely modifies the phenotype: HRI deficiency exacerbates EPP and renders β-thalassemia embryonically lethal. This study establishes the protective function of HRI in inherited rbc diseases in mice and suggests that HRI may be a significant modifier of many rbc disorders in humans. Our findings also demonstrate that translational regulation could play a critical role in the clinical manifestation of rbc diseases.
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever in Angola — Fighting Fear and a Lethal Pathogen
Authors: Nestor Ndayimirije, Mary Kay Kindhauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

On March 21, the CDC confirmed the presence of Marburg virus in 9 of 12 samples of tissue and blood from Angola. Dr. Nestor Ndayimirije and Mary Kay Kindhauser discuss how the features of Marburg hemorrhagic fever and the conditions in Angola have made the response that followed an extreme test of the national and international capacity to hold a dangerous emerging disease at bay.
Government reviews law on "posthumous conceptions"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Last week, eight months after Diane Blood won the go ahead to use her dead husband's sperm to try to conceive his baby, the government reached the first stage in its review of the law on “posthumous conceptions” (conceptions created after the death of one of the parents).

The 78 page consultation document, produced by Sheila McLean, professor of law and ethics in medicine at Glasgow University, shows that the task will be harder than those who called for a change had probably envisaged.

Mrs Blood persuaded doctors to remove sperm from her husband, Stephen, as he lay in a …
An extra piece of grey
Authors: R. Ravindran, S. Jordan, A. Bush
Journal: Thorax (2015)

A 14-year-old boy presented to the paediatric accident and emergency with a 2-week history of right-sided pleuritic chest pain, cough and intermittent fevers. A chest radiograph (CXR) was performed (figure 1A), and he was discharged home with advice to return if symptoms did not resolve.



Figure 1 
(A) Initial chest X-ray. (B) Repeat chest X-ray.



He re-presented a week later with increased work of breathing, chest pain and temperature spikes up to 38.5°C. On clinical examination, there was dullness on percussion and reduced breath sounds on the right side. The repeat CXR is shown in figure 1B.

The initial blood investigations showed a normal white cell count and raised C-reactive protein of 303 mg/L (0–10). He was tachypnoeic, requiring 1–2 L of oxygen, and was commenced on intravenous co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin. A chest ultrasound demonstrated a large pleural effusion, and he was transferred …
Metabolic activation/deactivation reactions during perinatal development.
Authors: G W Lucier, E M Lui, C A Lamartiniere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The role of metabolic activation/deactivation reactions during development is evaluated in relation to developmental pharmacology and toxicology. Enzyme systems evaluated include the mixed-function oxidases (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and oxidative demethylation), epoxide hydration and conjugation (glutathione conjugation, sulfation, and glucuronidation). Placental transfer and milk secretion of chemicals are discussed in relation to maternal, placental, and fetal metabolism. Normal patterns of enzyme development can be modified in two ways: (1) enzyme induction and (2) enzyme imprinting. Postnatal induction of the mixed-function oxidases and glucuronyl-transferase following treatment of pregnant rats with TCDD is shown to be caused primarily by newborn exposure to TCDD in milk. Structure-activity relationship are defined for the perinatal induction of hepatic enzymes by the pure PCBs. PCBs are divided into two classes: P-450 inducers and P-448 inducers. Imprinting or programming of hepatic metabolism is a function of the sexual differentiation of enzyme activity; male and female activities are similar in prepubertal animals, whereas pronounced sex differences are evident in adults. Treatment of newborn rats (days 2--6) with diethystilbestrol or testosterone resulted in a feminization (decrease) of mixed-function oxidation and glucuronidation in adult males. No changes were seen in immature males or females or adult females. This effect appears to be irreversible and is under pituitary-hypothalamic-gonadal control. In addition to the feminization of enzyme activity, neonatal exposure to hormonally active chemicals also feminizes the hepatic response to cadmium in resultant adult animals.