tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Epidemic Intelligence Service in the United States
Authors: Stephen M. Ostroff
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) - the two year applied epidemiology training programme of the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2001. Developed during the Korean war, only five years after CDC was established, the stimulus behind developing the EIS was a lack of trained field investigators should biological agents be intentionally used against the US population. It was, however, clear to Alexander Langmuir, the head of epidemiology at CDC and founder of the EIS, that his trainees would engage in a wide range of activities and help fill gaps in the US for epidemiologists with the skills and practical field experience to investigate and control naturally occurring outbreaks of diseases.
Emergency medicine
Authors: M. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—We are concerned about the resuscitation algorithm displayed in Fatovich's review on emergency medicine.1-1 The legend below the algorithm indicates that it was adapted from the Resuscitation Council (UK) website. We wish to make it very clear that these modifications are not consistent with the Resuscitation Council (UK) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines for advanced life support (ALS), and the changes to the algorithm were made without approval by either of these organisations. The publication of this modified algorithm in a prominent British journal will confuse European healthcare professionals and detracts from the consistent educational approach we strive to achieve on the Resuscitation Council (UK) and European Resuscitation Council course I advanced life support.

The algorithm displayed in Fatovich's review is the one published in the International Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.1-2 The correct European Resuscitation Council and Resuscitation Council (UK) universal algorithm for advanced life support is displayed at www.resus.org.uk/pages/alsalgo.pdf. Vasopressin is not included in the European Resuscitation Council and Resuscitation Council (UK) guidelines.1-3 This decision was made by the advanced life support working group of the European Resuscitation Council after careful consideration of the scientific evidence and economic consequences of including vasopressin in the guidelines. A recent randomised controlled trial showing no benefit from vasopressin after cardiac arrest in hospital provides further support for this decision.1-4 The results of a European multicentre prospective randomised trial comparing vasopressin with adrenaline in prehospital cardiac arrest will be available soon (V Wenzel, personal communication). Any role for vasopressin in the European Resuscitation Council and Resuscitation Council (UK) guidelines for advanced life support will be reconsidered at this stage.

Other adaptations to the algorithm include changes to the list of potentially reversible causes and to the wording of the interventions to be considered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
ECTODERMOSIS EROSIVA PLURI ORIFICIALIS (KLAUDER'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Nathan Silver
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Case Reports1 March 1946ECTODERMOSIS EROSIVA PLURI ORIFICIALIS (KLAUDER'S SYNDROME)NATHAN SILVERNATHAN SILVERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-24-3-499 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAbout 37 cases of Klauder's syndrome (ectodermosis erosiva pluri orificialis) are reported in the literature. This condition was described by Klauder of Pennsylvania in 1937. Since then there have been reports from various parts of the United States. That this condition is a rarity is evident by the sparsity of reports in the literature. Because of its rarity this case is thought worth reporting. However, since it presents itself in an evacuation hospital in an active theater of operations, the literature on hand is limited.CASE REPORTCondition on admission: The patient was a 23 year old male who had... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication February 24, 1945. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDas Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom.�ber eine Systemerkrankung des Ektoderms (?Polymorphe Ektodermose?)Erythema multiforme exudativum:Stevens-Johnson syndrome 1 March 1946Volume 24, Issue 3Page: 499-505 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
A large rubella outbreak, Romania - 2003
Authors: A Rafila, M Marin, A Pistol, D Nicolaiciuc, E Lupulescu, A Uzicanin, S Reef
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Romania experienced a large rubella outbreak in 2002-03, with more than 115 000 reported cases nationwide, and an incidence of 531 reported cases per 100 000 population. The incidence was highest in children of school age. The cohorts of adolescent girls vaccinated in 1998 and 2002 (when a rubella-containing vaccine was available) had significantly lower incidence rates (p&amp;lt;0.001) compared with those in boys in the same age groups who were not vaccinated. In 2003, of the 150 suspected congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases reported, seven (4.6%) were confirmed by positive rubella IgM antibodies. In the absence of available rubella containing vaccine for outbreak control, an outbreak response plan to improve the detection of cases and to limit rubella virus transmission was developed. The following activities were conducted: surveillance of pregnant women with suspected rubella or history of exposure to rubella virus was implemented, with follow up of pregnancy outcomes; surveillance for CRS was strengthened; existing infection control guidelines to prevent disease transmission within healthcare facilities were reinforced; and a communication plan was developed. In May 2004, Romania is introducing measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine for routine vaccination of children aged 12 to 15 months, while continuing vaccination of girls in the 8th grade of school (13-14 years of age) with rubella-only vaccine.
Abstract P241: Antenatal Betamethasone Exposure Increases Oxidative Stress in African-American Adolescents Born Prematurely
Authors: TanYa M Gwathmey, Lillian Zerihun, Stephen W Simington, Mark C Chappell, Lisa K Washburn
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Antenatal glucocorticoids administered to expectant mothers in jeopardy of pre-term delivery are reported to have detrimental effects on kidney development and function in the offspring. Indeed, African-Americans experience a disproportionately higher incidence of pre-term birth, hypertension and chronic kidney disease compared to their Caucasian counterparts. As oxidative stress has been linked to the development of renal disease, the current study determined levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane in the urine of African American (AA) adolescents who were born prematurely ( in utero  to betamethasone (BMX; N = 22), born prematurely but not exposed (PRE; N = 32) or born at term (>37 weeks; N = 19). Urinary 8-Isoprostane was determined by ELISA and normalized to urinary creatinine levels. In comparison to term AA, urinary 8-Isoprostane tended to be higher in PRE [1.5 + 0.3 vs. 2.0 + 0.2 pg/g creatinine; P = 0.07], but was significantly greater in the BMX cohort [2.4 + 0.4 pg/g creatinine; P = 0.03]. Oscillometric blood pressure percentiles (BPpct) were determined according to age and height. Systolic BPpct was significantly higher in PRE [51 + 4; P
Abstract 3377: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Induces Cellular Reverse Remodelling in Failing Human Hearts
Authors: Jianwen Wang, Guilherme Oliveira, Micahel M Koerner, Nadim Nasir, Guillermo Torre-Amione, Vinay Thohan
Journal: Circulation (2006)

While phenotypic myocardial alterations including myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis are known to occur with advanced heart failure, no information is published on the impact CRT has on ...
Toll-like receptor 2–mediated NF-κB activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway
Authors: Laurence Arbibe, Jean-Paul Mira, Nicole Teusch, Lois Kline, Mausumee Guha, Nigel Mackman, Paul J. Godowski, Richard J. Ulevitch, Ulla G. Knaus
Journal: Nature Immunology (2000)
Regions should define audit strategy
Authors: J R M Lough
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Goals and methods of audit should be reappraised Pragmatic methods need to be developed EDrrOR,-We agree with R A Fulton that audit in the NHS should be urgently reappraised.'The government white paper's definition of audit has been regurgitated ad nauseam as if repetition of the words "systematic" and "critical" can imprint those characteristics on an ill conceived, badly directed audit programme that has produced little of benefit to patients and doctors.Audit was initially held to be of value in assessing medical practice against local stand-
Identification Of Patients (pts) With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) At High Risk Of Artery Occlusive Events (AOE) During Treatment With The 2nd Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Nilotinib, Using Risk Stratification For Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
Authors: Delphine Rea, Tristan Mirault, Emmanuel Raffoux, Jean-Michel Miclea, Philippe Rousselot, Herve Dombret, Emmanuel Messas
Journal: Blood (2013)
HLA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation with Treg and Tcon Adoptive Immunotherapy promotes a Strong Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect
Authors: Mauro Di Ianni, Loredana Ruggeri, Franca Falzetti, Alessandra Carotti, Adelmo Terenzi, Maria Speranza Massei, Lucia Amico, Antonio Pierini, Andrea Velardi, Massimo Fabrizio Martelli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phylogenetic characterization of Central/Southern European lineage 2 West Nile virus: analysis of human outbreaks in Italy and Greece, 2013–2014
Authors: L. Barzon, A. Papa, E. Lavezzo, E. Franchin, M. Pacenti, A. Sinigaglia, G. Masi, M. Trevisan, L. Squarzon, S. Toppo, E. Papadopoulou, N. Nowotny, S. Ulbert, A. Piralla, F. Rovida, F. Baldanti, E. Percivalle, G. Palù
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Abstract P287: Sex Differences in Stroke Incidence: The REGARDS Study
Authors: Virginia J Howard, Suzanne E Judd, Abraham J Letter, Dawn O Kleindorfer, Leslie A McClure, Monika M Safford, James D Rhodes, Mary Cushman, Claudia S Moy, Elsayed S Soliman, Brett M Kissela, George Howard
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: There are strikingly few national data available to describe sex differences in age-specific stroke incidence. Methods: REGARDS is a national, population-based, longitudinal study of black and white participants aged &gt; 45 years old, with oversampling of blacks and residents of the stroke belt. Between 2003 and 2007, 30,239 participants were enrolled and examined; follow-up is every 6 months by telephone for self- or proxy-reported stroke, with retrieval and adjudication of medical records by physicians. This analysis included 27,756 participants with follow up data who had no physician-diagnosed stroke at baseline. Stroke incidence rates were calculated as the number of stroke events divided by the person-years at risk with 95% confidence limits. Proportional hazards models were used to assess the race-specific association of sex with stroke risk by age strata (&lt;65, 65–74, and 75+) after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, and Framingham stroke risk factors. Results: There were 613 incident strokes events over 135,551 person-years of follow-up. Stroke incidence rates increased with age (from 237/100,000 to 1003/100,000), and were higher in men than women in both blacks and whites (left panel of figure). After multivariable adjustment, men had higher risk than women at younger ages (&lt;75) but for the 65–75 age group, the difference is larger for blacks than whites (right panel of figure). Discussion: These national data confirm the patterns in male/female stroke risk observed in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study, with smaller sex differences at older ages, and for men, larger excess risk in whites than blacks.
Abstract 5385: Transport of Free Fatty Acids in Cardiac Myocytes is Mediated by a Plasma Membrane Pump as Revealed by Monitoring Cytoplasmic Unbound Free Fatty Acids
Authors: Andrew N Carley, J P Kampf, Alan M Kleinfeld
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The transport of FFA across the plasma membrane represents one of the earliest points at which FFA metabolism can be controlled by cardiac myocytes. Using novel methods to measure the intracellular unbound concentration of FFA ([FFA i ]), the first direct measurements of FFA transport across cardiac plasma membranes have been performed in freshly isolated cardiac myoctyes. Measurements of the unbound concentrations of FFA (FFA u ) in the aqueous phase were performed using the fluorescent ratio probe ADIFAB. Cardiac myocytes were microinjected with ADIFAB, and the transport of oleate and palmitate was determined by monitoring [FFA i ] using fluorescence ratio microscopy. FFA influx was initiated by rapidly increasing the extracellular concentration of FFA u ([FFA o ]) using FFA-BSA complexes, which clamped [FFA o ] at fixed values. The time course of influx was monitored from the change in [FFA i ], which rose exponentially to a steady state level (k influx ~ 0.01 s −1 ). Once steady state was achieved, efflux was initiated by changing the extracellular media back to zero [FFA o ]. Efflux was monitored by the decrease in [FFA i ] which, like influx, revealed exponential behavior (k efflux ~ 0.02 s −1 ). At steady state [FFA i ] was greater than [FFA o ] by a factor of ~3.5, indicating that during influx FFA are pumped up a concentration gradient. Both the initial rate of transport and the gradient ([FFA i ] &gt; [FFA o ]) revealed saturation with increasing [FFA o ]. The initial rate of influx saturated at [FFA o ] &gt; 200 nM, while the [FFA i ] &gt; [FFA o ] gradient was relatively constant (~ 3.5) but began to decrease and approached 1 at [FFA o ] &gt; 200 nM. The efflux rate constant decreased for [FFA o ] &gt; zero, suggesting that efflux may be regulated by a mechanism that senses the level of circulating FFA u . Our results indicate that the mechanism of FFA transport across cardiac myocytes is regulated by the plasma membrane and allows for the efficient storage and release of FFA from cardiac myocytes. We suggest that this mechanism involves an as yet unknown membrane protein pump which enables the cells to accumulate surprisingly high concentrations of FFA. The ability to measure [FFA i ] and the demonstration of efflux are significant steps in understanding cardiac FFA metabolism. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Western States Affiliate (California, Nevada &amp; Utah).
Randomized Trial of Paclitaxel- Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for Treatment of Coronary Restenosis in Sirolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Julinda Mehilli, Robert A. Byrne, Klaus Tiroch, Susanne Pinieck, Stefanie Schulz, Sebastian Kufner, Steffen Massberg, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Neoadjuvant use of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with and without celecoxib for locally advanced breast cancer: A phase II study correlating response to celecoxib with high levels of COX-2 gene expression in the tumor
Authors: L. W. Chow, M. Toi, Y. Takebayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9603 Background: Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) is efficacious and well tolerated in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has both apoptotic and antiangiogenic activities, which may be of use in treatment of breast tumors which overexpress the COX-2 enzyme. We determined the tolerability, responses, and levels of COX-2 gene expression in tumors in LABC patients treated with FEC alone or a combination of FEC and celecoxib. Methods: Three cycles of FEC (F 500 mg/m2, E 75 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2), with or without C (400 mg bid), were given at 3-week intervals to women with histologically proven LABC. End point assessments were clinical (c) and pathologic (p) responses. The levels of COX-2 gene expression were determined using cDNA preparations from pretreatment tumor biopsy tissues by quantitative real time pCR, and were normalized to G3APDH gene expression. A total of 31 patients with a median age of 45.6 years were enrolled (15 FEC, 16 FEC+C). Results: Median preoperative tumor size was 5.7 cm. Response rates were: FEC, 62.5 % (cCR 6.3%,cPR 56.3%, pCR 6.3%); FEC+C, 81.3% (cCR 18.8%, cPR 62.5%, pCR 12.5%). In the FEC+C arm, mean tumor size decreased from 4.25 cm (SE=0.32) to 2.04 cm (SE=0.31). The regimens were well tolerated and no clinical cardiac toxicity was detected. Among tumors that showed clinical response (n=9) to FEC+C, a significantly higher (P<0.05) level of COX-2 gene expression was observed versus nonresponders (n=6). This finding was not seen in patients treated with FEC alone. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatment with FEC or FEC+C is well tolerated in LABC, and produced good clinical and pathological responses which may allow for breast-conserving surgery. Treatment with the combination of FEC+C may be more effective in cases where the tumor overexpresses the COX-2 gene. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 13288: An Oral Inhibitor Of Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) Increases Collagen Content Of Mouse Atheromata
Authors: Thibaut Quillard, Yevgenia Tesmenitsky, Kevin Croce, Richard Travers, Eugenia Shvartz, Galina Sukhova, Masanori Aikawa, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries causes many fatal acute myocardial infarctions. Interstitial collagen lends tensile strength to the fibrous cap, and our previo...
Factors in the Development of Spontaneous Mammary Gland Tumors in Agent-Free Strain C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Hb Mice
Authors: W. E. Heston, Margaret K. Deringer, Thelma B. Dunn, Wayne D. Levillain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Journal Article Factors in the Development of Spontaneous Mammary Gland Tumors in Agent-Free Strain C3Hb Mice Get access W. E. Heston, W. E. Heston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret K. Deringer, Margaret K. Deringer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thelma B. Dunn, Thelma B. Dunn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne D. Levillain Wayne D. Levillain National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 5, April 1950, Pages 1139–1155, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.5.1139 Published: 01 April 1950 Article history Received: 12 January 1950 Published: 01 April 1950
Abstract 6275: Increased Mortality after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction During Off-Hours
Authors: Roberto J Cubeddu, Ignacio Cruz-Gonzalez, Thomas J Kiernan, Robert C Leinbach, Quynh A Truong, Kenneth Rosenfield, Mary E Cadigan, Eugene V Pomerantsev, Igor F Palacios
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Higher mortality has been reported in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction during off-hours, and has been related to a lower use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We thus conducted a study, where primary PCI is routinely performed in all patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regardless of the day and time of admission. Patients admitted during on-hours (Monday through Friday 7am–6pm) where compared to off-hours (including weekends). The outcome of in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock and recurrent myocardial infarction was explored. The different components of door-to-balloon (DTB) time were examined and compared between both groups. Results: Between 2003 and 2007, 747 STEMI patients (46% on-hours vs. 56% off-hours) underwent primary PCI. Patient baseline demographic characteristics were similar during on-vs. off-hours. Admissions during off-hours were associated with longer DTB times (134 vs. 109 minutes, p&lt;0.0001). Furthermore, patients admitted during off-hours had significantly greater in-hospital mortality (8% vs. 3.7%, p=0.01), and higher rates of cardiogenic shock (37% vs. 24%, p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified admission arrival time as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (HR 3.98; 95% CI 1.10 –14.38; p=0.035). Longer DTB times were attributed to the increased “engagement time” during off-hours (27 vs. 47 minutes, p&lt;0.00001). Conclusion: 1) This study is the first to show that even when treated equally with primary PCI, off-hours STEMI admissions have higher mortality than on-hours. Longer DTB time during off-hours likely explain our findings. Strategies to optimize hospital protocols, reperfusion therapies, and perhaps a dedicated in-house “STEMI team” during off-hours need to be revised.
Abstract 1548: High Plasma Levels of Stromal Cell-Derived Factir-1 alpha Predict Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yasushi Kodama, Keita Sano, Mitsumasa Hirano, Takamitsu Nakamura, Akira Mende, Yoshinobu Kitta, Jun-ei Obata, Hajime Takano, Toshiaki Yano, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Daisuke Fujioka, Yukio Saito, Ken-ichi Kawabata, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is expressed in ischemic myocardium and atheromatous plaques and plays a key role in the repair of injured myocardium. We examined whether SDF-1α in circulating plasma may play a role in pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: SDF-1α levels in plasma from a peripheral vein (PV) were measured using ELISA in 206 consecutive patients with previous MI and in 50 age- and sex-matched controls. The levels were also measured in plasma from the aorta (AO) and the anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in a subgroup of 82 patients with anterior MI. After baseline measurements, all patients with previous MI were prospectively followed for ≤ 60 months or until occurrence of a clinical cardiovascular event: cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, refractory angina pectoris requiring coronary revascularization, or hospitalization with congestive heart failure. PV levels of SDF-1α were higher in patients with MI than controls (2750 ± 79 vs. 2351 ± 72 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.01). In addition, PV levels were significantly higher in MI patients with (n = 42) than without an event (n = 164) (2909 ± 108 vs. 2645 ± 41 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.01). In multivariate Cox hazard analysis, a higher level of SDF-1α (&gt; 3040 pg/mL, defined by ROC analysis) was a predictor of the events independently of traditional coronary risk factors (hazard ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 – 4.1, p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant step-up in SDF-1α levels in the AIV compared with the AO in patients with anterior MI (2868 ± 49 vs. 2681 ± 60 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.05). The AIV - AO difference in SDF-1α levels, reflecting release from ischemic myocardium, correlated positively with PV levels of SDF-1α (r = 0.23, p &lt; 0.05). Both the AIV - AO difference in SDF-1α levels and the PV levels had a significant correlation positively with PV levels of brain natriuretic peptide and inversely with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Conclusions: Higher SDF-1α levels in the peripheral circulation independently predict cardiovascular events in patients with prior MI. SDF-1α is released from ischemic myocardium in proportion to the severity of LV dysfunction via a compensatory mechanism, which may partly contribute to increased circulating levels of SDF-1α in MI survivors.