tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia associated with coeliac disease and splenic atrophy
Authors: C. S Chapman, V E Mitchell, C P T Alexander, A M Potter
Journal: BMJ (1988)

CorrectionTransvaginal compared with transvesical ultrasonography for recovery of oocytes for in vitro fertilisation An authors' error occurred in this short report by Mr David Barlow and others (12 March, p 751).The second and third sentences of the patients, methods, and results section should read: "The number of oocytes fertilised per recovery was significantly higher with transvaginal than transvesical ultrasonography (p<0-01, Mann-Whitney U test).The number of embryos transferred was significantly different between the two groups (p<0-01, Mann-Whitney U test)...." As a result of the different statistical test used the median number of oocytes per recovery shown in the table is no longer significantly different between the two groups.
Role of Repeat<sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Examination in Predicting Pathologic Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Moshim Kukar, Raed M. Alnaji, Feraas Jabi, Timothy A. Platz, Kristopher Attwood, Hector Nava, Kfir Ben-David, David Mattson, Kilian Salerno, Usha Malhotra, Kazunori Kanehira, James Gannon, Steven N. Hochwald
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Predicting complete pathologic response (CPR) preoperatively can significantly affect surgical decision making. There are conflicting data regarding positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET CT) characteristics and the ability of PET CT to predict pathologic response following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma because most existing studies that include squamous histology have limited numbers and use nonstandardized PET CT imaging.To determine if PET CT characteristics are associated with CPR in patients undergoing trimodality treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma.A retrospective medical record review was conducted at a large tertiary cancer center from a prospectively maintained database from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with 2 standardized PET CT studies done at our institution (pre-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy) for review. Data collected included clinical, pathologic, imaging, and treatment characteristics.The primary study outcome was the association of PET CT characteristics with histologic confirmed pathologic response.Of the total participants, 77 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two patients (28.6%) had CPR vs 55 patients (71.4%) who had incomplete pathologic response. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbid conditions, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, tumor grade, chemotherapy, and radiation regimen and days between the 2 PET CTs. The mean prestandardized uptake variable (SUV; 14.5 vs 11.2; P = .05), δ SUV (10.3 vs 5.4; P = .02), and relative δ SUV (0.6 vs 0.4; P = .02) were significantly higher in those with CPR vs incomplete pathologic response. Using the Youden Index, a δ SUV value less than 45% was predictive of residual disease with a positive predictive value of 91.7% (95% CI, 73-99; P < .05).To our knowledge, this is the largest study examining the role of PET CT characteristics in esophageal adenocarcinoma for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy that demonstrates that δ SUV of less than 45% is associated with patients with residual disease but not CPR. Based on the findings from our study, the current recommendation is still surgical resection regardless of the posttherapy PET SUV in the primary tumor. However, our study highlights the ability to detect patients with residual disease and the need to critically evaluate these patients for consideration of additional therapies.
Recurrent mantle cell lymphoma presenting as a solitary rectal mass
Authors: S. Chittmittraprap, T. Intragumtornchai, N. Wisedopas, R. Rerknimitr
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 62-year-old man had been passing small stool for 2 months. He had been diagnosed as having mantle cell lymphoma of the spleen 8 years ago, and complete remission was achieved after chemotherapy. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, taken to evaluate the intra-abdominal lymph nodes, revealed a rectal mass with perilesional lymphadenopathy, A primary rectal cancer was suspected ([Fig. 1], [2]). Colonoscopy revealed an ulcerative rectal mass with loss of rectal glandular structure confirmed with narrow-band imaging ([Fig. 3], [4]). Histological examination of the biopsy specimens showed numerous lymphocytic infiltrations ([Fig. 5], [6]), which were positive for cyclin D1 for B cells. Recurrent mantle cell lymphoma was diagnosed and the patient was treated with rituximab-based chemotherapy.
Hepatitis B virus infection among American patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Prevalence, racial/ethnic differences, and viral interactions
Authors: Edmund J. Bini, Ponni V. Perumalswami
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Little is known about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States. We prospectively enrolled 1,257 patients with chronic HCV infection from two medical centers in New York City. A total of 61.5% (95% confidence interval, 58.8%-64.2%) had evidence of prior exposure to HBV (hepatitis B core antibody-positive), whereas 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 4.5%-7.1%) had dual infection with HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen-positive). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age <40 years, Asian race, injection drug use, and a greater number of lifetime sexual partners as independent risk factors for HBV-HCV dual infection. Liver biopsy results in 26 HBV-HCV-infected and 658 HCV-monoinfected patients showed that stage 3 or 4 fibrosis was significantly more common in those with HBV-HCV dual infection (84.6% versus 29.9%; P < 0.001). Patients infected with HBV and HCV had significantly lower median HCV RNA levels (1.3 versus 4.5 x 10(6) copies/mL; P < 0.001) and were less likely to have HCV RNA levels > or =5 x 10(6) copies/mL (12.3% versus 45.4%; P < 0.001) than those who had HCV monoinfection. All five patients with HBV-HCV dual infection who had undetectable HBV DNA levels had HCV RNA levels > or =5 x 10(6) copies/mL.American patients with chronic HCV infection should be tested for HBV, especially younger patients, Asians, injection drug users, and those with an increased number of lifetime sexual partners. The presence of severe liver disease and HBV-HCV viral interactions in patients with dual infection necessitates careful but aggressive clinical management, although the optimal strategy remains to be determined.
Cardiovascular Function and Predictors of Exercise Capacity in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Larissa Cramer, Bert Hildebrandt, Thomas Kung, Kristin Wichmann, Jochen Springer, Wolfram Doehner, Anja Sandek, Miroslava Valentova, Tatjana Stojakovic, Hubert Scharnagl, Hanno Riess, Stefan D. Anker, Stephan von Haehling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Intracellular Delivery of Multiple siRNAs by Nanosomes
Authors: Partha K Chandra, Anup K Kundu, Sidhartha Hazari, Sruti Chandra, Lili Bao, Tara Ooms, Gilbert F Morris, Tong Wu, Tarun K Mandal, Srikanta Dash
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Sustained antiviral responses of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have improved recently by the use of direct-acting antiviral agents along with interferon (IFN)-α and ribavirin. However, the emergence of drug-resistant variants is expected to be a major problem. We describe here a novel combinatorial small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanosome-based antiviral approach to clear HCV infection. Multiple siRNAs targeted to the highly conserved 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the HCV genome were synthesized and encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles called nanosomes. We show that siRNA can be repeatedly delivered to 100% of cells in culture using nanosomes without toxicity. Six siRNAs dramatically reduced HCV replication in both the replicon and infectious cell culture model. Repeated treatments with two siRNAs were better than a single siRNA treatment in minimizing the development of an escape mutant, resulting in rapid inhibition of viral replication. Systemic administration of combinatorial siRNA-nanosomes is well tolerated in BALB/c mice without liver injury or histological toxicity. As a proof-of-principle, we showed that systemic injections of siRNA nanosomes significantly reduced HCV replication in a liver tumor-xenotransplant mouse model of HCV. Our results indicate that systemic delivery of combinatorial siRNA nanosomes can be used to minimize the development of escape mutants and inhibition of HCV infection. Sustained antiviral responses of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have improved recently by the use of direct-acting antiviral agents along with interferon (IFN)-α and ribavirin. However, the emergence of drug-resistant variants is expected to be a major problem. We describe here a novel combinatorial small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanosome-based antiviral approach to clear HCV infection. Multiple siRNAs targeted to the highly conserved 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the HCV genome were synthesized and encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles called nanosomes. We show that siRNA can be repeatedly delivered to 100% of cells in culture using nanosomes without toxicity. Six siRNAs dramatically reduced HCV replication in both the replicon and infectious cell culture model. Repeated treatments with two siRNAs were better than a single siRNA treatment in minimizing the development of an escape mutant, resulting in rapid inhibition of viral replication. Systemic administration of combinatorial siRNA-nanosomes is well tolerated in BALB/c mice without liver injury or histological toxicity. As a proof-of-principle, we showed that systemic injections of siRNA nanosomes significantly reduced HCV replication in a liver tumor-xenotransplant mouse model of HCV. Our results indicate that systemic delivery of combinatorial siRNA nanosomes can be used to minimize the development of escape mutants and inhibition of HCV infection.
Hereditary Nephritis
Authors: Ralph Goldman, George C. Haberfelde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

NEPHRITIS is a common disease, and it would be expected that families with several affected members should be seen with reasonable frequency. However, a search of the literature reveals less than 30 reports of apparent familial or hereditary involvement. We were able to find descriptions of only 12 families in which three or more generations were involved. Addis,1 with his vast experience, stated that of the 7 families that he had seen with multiple cases, none involved more than two generations. The families in which several generations are affected present features suggesting that the lesion in these patients is unique. . . .
DEATHS AFTER USE OF MERCURIAL DIURETICS
Authors: Walter Modell
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  The July 25 issue ofThe Journalcontains a series of papers which serve to direct attention to the dangers incident to the use of mercurial diuretics. I wish to call attention to a possible source of misunderstanding.  Three of the deaths described in that issue ofThe Journalare reported in duplicate; i. e., 3 of the cases described extensively by DeGraff and Nadler are published elsewhere in the same issue by Brown, Friedfeld, Kissin, Modell and Sussman. The reader should therefore count these deaths as three rather than six. This situation arose unfortunately because we were not aware that personal inquiries concerning these cases by DeGraff were to result in a publication.  It is indeed important to point out the dangers of the mercurial diuretics, but it is equally important not to overemphasize these dangers in view of the fact that these drugs constitute one
P2-189: Neoadjuvant weekly paclitaxel/cisplatin chemotherapy (WPC) with concurrent thoracic radiation (TR) followed by surgical resection (S) for pathologically proven N2 (pN2) stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): phase II study
Authors: Sang-We Kim, Hee-Jung Sohn, Dae Ho Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Eun-Kyung Choi, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Woo Sung Kim, Jung-Shin Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Relationship of variable region genes expressed by a human B cell lymphoma secreting pathologic anti-Pr2 erythrocyte autoantibodies.
Authors: L E Silberstein, S Litwin, C E Carmack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

To study the biology of cold agglutinin disease we previously established EBV-transformed B cell clones isolated from a patient with splenic lymphoma of an early plasmacytic cell type and immune hemolysis due to an anti-Pr2 cold agglutinin. These clones had an aberrant chromosomal marker identical to the patient's B cell lymphoma and each secreted IgMk anti-Pr2 similar to the pathologic autoantibody in the serum of the patient. In this study, we have further investigated the Pr2-specific autoimmune response through nucleotide sequencing of VH and VL region genes. We have shown that the seven clones share the same VDJ/VJ gene segments and junctional elements confirming their clonal origin. The VH sequences were 88% homologous to a VHI germline gene while the VL sequences were 97% homologous to a VkIII germline gene. Only 4 somatic mutations (3 silent and 1 conservative) were found in greater than 5,000 bp sequenced, suggesting that a low mutation rate existed. Based on a tumor mass of 10(12) cells and a minimum of 40 divisions, we estimated the somatic mutation rate to be 4.45 x 10(-5) m/bp/d. This somatic mutation rate is similar to those estimated for acute lymphocytic leukemia (pre-B cell) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (intermediate B cell), but significantly lower than the mutation frequency in follicular lymphomas (activated B cell). We propose that the difference in somatic mutation frequency of a B cell tumor may be related to the stage of B cell differentiation. In addition, the low mutation frequency observed in the Pr2-specific B cell tumor may also reflect, in part, selection by autoantigen to conserve sIg structure and specificity.
Royal Commission on Opium
Authors: W. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1895)

had been noticed in 8 cases, accompanied by swelling in 3.Both these complications, therefore, occurred more frequently than when the serum was not used.He considered that there was no evidence of an injurious action on the kidneys.Professor Stintzing reported 59 cases with a mortality of 20.3 per cent.A complete analysis of these and other smaller collections of statistics reported to the meeting cannot as yet be made.
Hip and ankle range of motion and hip muscle strength in young female ballet dancers and controls.
Authors: K Bennell, K M Khan, B Matthews, M De Gruyter, E Cook, K Holzer, J D Wark
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVES: To compare the hip and ankle range of motion and hip muscle strength in 8-11 year old novice female ballet dancers and controls. METHODS: Subjects were 77 dancers and 49 controls (mean (SD) age 9.6 (0.8) and 9.6 (0.7) years respectively). Supine right active hip external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) were measured using an inclinometer. A turnout protractor was used to assess standing active turnout range. The measure of ER achieved from below the hip during turnout (non-hip ER) was calculated by subtracting hip ER range from turnout range, and hip ER:IR was derived by dividing ER range by IR range. Range of right weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion was measured in a standing lunge using two methods: the distance from the foot to the wall (in centimetres) and the angle of the shank to the vertical via an inclinometer (in degrees). Right calf muscle range was measured in weight bearing using an inclinometer. A manual muscle tester was used to assess right isometric hip flexor, internal rotator, external rotator, abductor, and adductor strength. RESULTS: Dancers had less ER (p&lt;0.05) and IR (p&lt;0.01) range than controls but greater ER:IR (p&lt;0.01). Although there was no difference in turnout between groups, the dancers had greater non-hip ER. Dancers had greater range of ankle dorsiflexion than controls, measured in both centimetres (p&lt;0.01) and degrees (p&lt;0.05), but similar calf muscle range. After controlling for body weight, controls had stronger hip muscles than dancers except for hip abductor strength which was similar. Regression analyses disclosed a moderate relation between turnout and hip ER (r = 0.40). There were no significant correlations between range of motion and training years and weekly training hours. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal follow up will assist in determining whether or not hip and ankle range in young dancers is genetically fixed and unable to be improved with further balletic training.
Abnormalities of Neutrophil Phagocytosis, Intracellular Killing and Metabolic Activity in Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Hepatitis
Authors: I. A. Rajkovic, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Neutrophil functions of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria were examined in 40 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of whom 18 had a superimposed acute alcoholic hepatitis. In 65% of these, defective neutrophil phagocytosis was demonstrable, and in 62.5% there was a defect of intracellular killing of either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli . Studies of the patients' serum failed to reveal inhibitors of neutrophil function. Additional assays of superoxide (O 2 - ) and hydrogen peroxide production, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, degranulation and cellular levels of granule enzymes and glutathione revealed that these neutrophil defects are caused by both reduced production of superoxide and defects of degranulation. The hydrogen peroxide/superoxide molar ratio was raised in patients' neutrophils, and the strong inverse correlation found between the value of this ratio and intracellular levels of reduced glutathione would be consistent with thehypothesis that the neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis are unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide effectively and that this is a result of reduced levels of glutathione in the cells. The consequent increase in oxidant stress, both intra–and extracellularly, may be the cause of phagocytic and degranulation defects. The reduced responsesof patients' neutrophils may be caused by previous exposure of the cells to activating stimuli in circulation, as evidenced by depleted intracellular levels of granule enzymes and glutathione. Neutrophils from the patients with a superimposed acute alcoholic hepatitis had depressed phagocytosis in the early stages of incubation but, on the whole, neutrophils from these patients had a greater capacity for ingestion and killing of bacteria than neutrophils from patients with cirrhosis alone. Other neutrophil functions and metabolic activities were also significantly better than in patients with cirrhosis alone, and the reason for this may lie in the greater proportion of young neutrophils in the circulation of patients with superimposed acute alcoholic hepatitis. The exhaustion of the neutrophils' bactericidal capacity in severe alcoholic liver disease, most marked in patients with cirrhosis alone, could be a significant factor in the well–described increased susceptibility of these patients to bacterial infection.
Keola and the Kahuna
Authors: David J. Elpern
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The relevance of the order of revascularization in liver grafting
Authors: Rosemary Hickman, Cath Rose Innes
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

A study was conducted comparing the effects of initial arterialization vs. initial portal revascularization in unstored warm ischemic (for 30 min) livers, livers stored for 4 hr at 0 degrees C in Collins solution and livers rendered warm ischemic for 1 hr before removal and replacement as autografts. All livers that received initial arterialization showed uniform diffuse perfusion, whereas those with initial portal perfusion were patchy and well perfused only in the right lobe. In the experimental animal, initial arterialization using an end-to-end method was much easier and required less retraction. The energy charge and ATP levels dropped sharply during brief warm ischemia but returned rapidly to normal on revascularization. Although the decline in energy charge was less in stored livers, the return to normal was slower and incomplete. Plasma levels of AST indicated much greater damage in the stored livers and were lowest in recipients in unstored livers that were arterialized first. After longer warm ischemia, energy charge values declined and only completely returned to 60% of preoperative values within 2 hr of grafting. Despite this, the survival rate of these animals was very poor and only one survived overnight. Seven of the 12 survived the procedure, but in five death occurred within 30 min of full revascularization. In this group, AST levels rose sharply after revascularization to a mean level of 1,000 U.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
KDM4/JMJD2 Histone Demethylases: Epigenetic Regulators in Cancer Cells
Authors: William L. Berry, Ralf Janknecht
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lysine methylation is one of the most prominent histone posttranslational modifications that regulate chromatin structure. Changes in histone lysine methylation status have been observed during cancer formation, which is thought to be a consequence of the dysregulation of histone lysine methyltransferases or the opposing demethylases. KDM4/JMJD2 proteins are demethylases that target histone H3 on lysines 9 and 36 and histone H1.4 on lysine 26. This protein family consists of three ∼130-kDa proteins (KDM4A-C) and KDM4D/JMJD2D, which is half the size, lacks the double PHD and Tudor domains that are epigenome readers and present in the other KDM4 proteins, and has a different substrate specificity. Various studies have shown that KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM4B/JMJD2B, and/or KDM4C/JMJD2C are overexpressed in breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and other tumors and are required for efficient cancer cell growth. In part, this may be due to their ability to modulate transcription factors such as the androgen and estrogen receptor. Thus, KDM4 proteins present themselves as novel potential drug targets. Accordingly, multiple attempts are under way to develop KDM4 inhibitors, which could complement the existing arsenal of epigenetic drugs that are currently limited to DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2936–42. ©2013 AACR.