tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Banning smoking in the workplace
Authors: R. West
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 188 

A teaching hospital not a million miles from where I work has, for some years, been considering beefing up its non-smoking policy. In the next year a new policy will come into force, which will remove dedicated smoking rooms and hopefully discourage smokers from lighting up around the entrances to buildings. Moving this far has not been easy. The hospital envisages in the next five years moving to a totally smoke free hospital of the kind which Fichtenberg and Glantz (p 188) claim leads some 15% of smokers to give up altogether and others to cut down.1 Perhaps with these findings to hand it might manage it in less than five years—or perhaps not.

The figures from the review1 are startling and would make workplace smoking bans by far the most effective short term smoking cessation strategy, barring outright prohibition, available to any government. In the United …
Venography of the Inferior Vena Cava and Its Branches
Authors: John L. Doppman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Five radiologists from three large teaching institutions have collaborated in this book to bring us what Dr. Abrams refers to in his foreword as the Boston experience in inferior vena cavography. It is an extensive and well-studied experience. All the anomalies and diseases that involve the cava, from minor anatomic variations to major occlusions are welldescribed and illustrated. In addition, the major caval tributaries and their diseases are thoroughly explored in an outstanding chapter on selective venography of the caval branches. For the first time, there is available under single cover the entire spectrum of caval diseases and the pertinent bibliographic references. In spite of multiple authorship, the standard of presentation throughout the book is uniformly high and surprisingly little overlap of subject matter occurs. The first chapter deals with the embryological development and anomalies of the cava, a notoriously complicated and difficult subject to handle in the text, but
SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF UREMIA AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: E. W. MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The numerous and varied symptoms which have been classed under the term uremia have always been an interesting theme for study and speculation. Of the many special theories which have, from time to time, been proposed to account for its phenomena, none have withstood the tests of investigation and criticism. The theory so long ago advanced that the<i>meteries morbi</i>is urea was quickly and generally accepted because of the ready proof that in these cases the urea was greatly reduced in the urine and largely increased in the blood and tissues. So firmly did this opinion become fixed in the professional mind that it yet largely prevails, although it has been repeatedly shown that, administered in much larger amounts than are ever found in uremic cases, it is harmless. The fact that experimental and clinical observation teach us that the decrease of urea in the urine gives us a
A comparison of the surgical results in patients with hepatitis B versus hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kenji Takenaka, Kazuharu Yamamoto, Akinobu Taketomi, Hidetoshi Itasaka, Eisuke Adachi, Ken Shirabe, Takashi Nishizaki, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Keizo Sugimachi
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To assess the differences in the surgical results between patients with hepatitis B- and hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the operative outcomes of 30 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (the B-HCC group) and 96 patients with hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb)-positive (the C-HCC group), who had undergone hepatic resection from 1989 to 1993, were compared. The mean age of the patients in the C-HCC group was higher than that in the B-HCC group (61.7 years vs. 57.0 years, P < .05). The C-HCC group demonstrated both a greater decrease in liver function and a larger enhancement of inflammatory changes in the liver under a pathological examination (the current rate of active hepatitis: 69% vs. 27%, P < .001). There was also a higher incidence of total postoperative complications in the C-HCC group (60% vs. 37%, P < .05); however, regarding each individual complication, the rate was similar between the two groups. Two of the six patients with postoperative hepatic failure in the C-HCC group died. The mortality rate in the C-HCC group was 2%, but no operative death was encountered in the B-HCC group. The crude survival and the disease-free survival rates at 5 years were similar, 61.8% and 46.2% in the B-HCC group and 52.8% and 23.2% in the C-HCC group, respectively. The patterns of recurrence were also similar in both groups. The pathological features of HCC were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, the surgical results between the two groups were almost identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF BLOOD CLEARANCE OF P32-LABELLED ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCI BY THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
Authors: B. Benacerraf, Martha M. Sebestyen, Stuart Schlossman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

1. The clearance of P(32)-labelled heat-killed E. coli and staphylococci from the blood follows an exponential function of the time, and the bacteria are phagocytized principally by the RES of the liver and spleen. 2. The rates of clearance of equivalent number of E. coli from the blood is rapid in rabbits and slow in mice and appears to be related to the level of antibodies in the serum of these animals. 3. Unlike E. coli, staphylococci are cleared rapidly and efficiently by the RES from the blood of mice which have a sufficient level of serum antibody against these bacteria. 4. The numbers of bacteria, phagocytized by the liver or the spleen respectively, depend upon the rate of clearance and the extent of opsonization of the bacteria. Rapidly cleared, well opsonized E. coli are removed almost exclusively by the liver, while less efficiently phagocytized bacteria are also cleared by the spleen in large numbers. 5. The rate of clearance of E. coli and the efficiency with which they are phagocyted by the RES in mice have been shown to be directly related to the level of antibody in the serum. 6. Treatment of mice with S. typhi or Serratia marcescens endotoxins increases the rate of clearance of E. coli from the blood and the level of antibody against E. coli in the serum. The enhanced clearance of E. coli can be transferred to normal mice by the serum of endotoxin-treated mice.
Left ventricular mechanics in the normal newborn.
Authors: A J Rein, S P Sanders, S D Colan, I A Parness, M Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The transition from fetal to neonatal circulatory status is accompanied by marked alteration in relative right and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressure. These alterations would be expected to influence both global and regional performance of the left ventricle. To address this issue, sequential two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed in normal newborns during the first days of life. Global and regional left ventricular wall motion were quantified by computer digitization with the use of an automated edge detection algorithm and a floating-center-of-mass model. Comparison was made with a control group of normal infants and young children and the sequential change over the first 5 days of life was assessed. Newborns were found to have a circular left ventricular configuration at end-diastole beginning on day 1. At end-systole, however, there was significant left ventricular distortion due to septal flattening, which persisted until day 3 and resolved entirely by day 5 of life. Regional wall motion analysis demonstrated a corresponding augmentation of septal and contralateral left ventricular free wall systolic movement during the first days of life, with a normal pattern attained by day 4. Due to the nonhomogeneity of the left ventricular wall motion in the first few days of life, standard single-dimension shortening fraction provided an unreliable measure of global left ventricular performance before day 4. Thus, systolic right ventricular hypertension at a level sufficient to distort the left ventricular configuration is present until day 4 or 5 of life, resulting in altered left ventricular regional wall motion. As a result, usual M mode echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function is unreliable in this age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heating-Pad Erythematous Dermatitis "Erythema ab Igne"
Authors: Donald S. Waldorf
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To The Editor.—  Judiciously used, heating pads rarely cause cutaneous problems. Overzealous use of them, however, short of inducing first-, second-, or third-degree burns, can lead to striking skin changes. We recently observed such an example.  Report of a Case.—  A 46-year-old woman injured her left anterior thigh by an accidental fall. The area was red, edematous, and tender. X-ray film examination showed soft-tissue swelling, but no bony changes. Local application of heat was advised. Following this counsel, the patient kept an electrical heating pad directly applied to the area 12 hours a day, removing the pad only when the heat became unbearable. After three weeks of this treatment, she noticed an asymptomatic, retiform eruption at the site of heat application. Nevertheless, she continued the applications for another three weeks. At that time, the eruption was markedly erythematous, macular, and net-like, sharply localized to the heated spots (Figure). Further treatment
BACUP--the first two years: evaluation of a national cancer information service.
Authors: M. L. Slevin, Y. Terry, N. Hallett, S. Jefferies, S. Launder, R. Plant, H. Wax, T. McElwain
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The cancer information service of the British Association of Cancer United Patients (BACUP) was launched in October 1985 as a national service to patients and their relatives, the public, and health professionals. Information is provided by telephone and letter by seven nurses trained in oncology. In the first two years over 30,000 inquiries were received: 23,527 (80%) were from women; 9445 (32%) were from cancer patients 11,574 (39%) from relatives of patients, and 2869 (10%) from health professionals. Inquiries came from all over the United Kingdom and from all sections of society but users were predominantly middle class, aged between 30 and 49, and living in south east England. Information about specific cancer sites, treatment, and how to cope was most commonly sought. Nearly a third of all inquiries were related to breast cancer. Though the service is used more by particular groups focusing on particular diseases, clearly there is a need for a cancer information service in the UK.
Antibiotic Combinations
Authors: Wilfred F. Jones, Maxwell Finland, Ann Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE difficulties encountered in attempts to obtain reliable and adequately controlled data in human beings on the relative effectiveness of antimicrobial agents used separately or in combinations are well recognized. As a result, little dependable information is available for the proper evaluation of combinations of antibacterial agents. However, antibiotics are considered to have their favorable effects in the treatment of infections by their action on the causative organisms. Also, the antibacterial action resulting from administration of these agents can be measured in the blood, which, in turn, reflects to a major degree the potential activity of these agents on the . . .
Alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia.
Authors: V Marks
Journal: BMJ (1978)

It has been recognised for many years that alcohol consumption may occasionally be associated with the development of hypoglycaemia. It is, however, only over the past 15 or 20 years that the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have been elucidated. Moreover, recent work in our department suggests that the occurrence of hypoglycaemia in association with alcohol consumption may be less uncommon than had previously been supposed.
Swift International Response to Polio Outbreak in Horn of Africa
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Irwin D. J. Bross
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  As a biostatistician who is not an MD and who has worked with cancer rather than heart disease, I find that the MRFIT study of intervention in heart disease has curious inconsistencies in its data.  For example, lung cancer is one of the causes of death listed in Table 4, and there are 34 cases in the SI series and 28 in the UC series. However, by smoking histories (eg, Table 9), there should be substantiallyfewerlung cancers in the SI series than in the UC series. How can this be explained?  One might suppose the intervention was ineffective. However, the MRFIT data contradict this. There are about the same number of smokers in both series (3,833v3,830), but more than twice as many in the SI group (991) as in the UC group (374) had quit smoking at one year. One might suppose that
Severe deafness in systemic lupus erythematosus: its immediate relief by plasma exchange.
Authors: T J Hamblin, G J Mufti, A Bracewell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

unusual numbness and weakness in his fingers in the absence of objective clinical signs.This resolved on withdrawal of the drug.Atrial flutter recurred in December 1980, in association with a respiratory tract infection; at this time he was taking only warfarin and digoxin.Reversion to sinus rhythm was achieved with the addition of quinidine, and once again he noticed pain and weakness in his fingers and wrists occurring within four days of starting the drug and resolving within a week of its withdrawal.With his informed consent he was formally rechallenged with quinidine to assess the response.He was given Kinidin Durules, two tablets twice a day, and his dose of digoxin was reduced from 0 25 mg to 0-125 mg daily.Within 24 hours he noticed a gradual onset of arthralgia in both hands, peaking five days after the start of quinidine.Quinidine was stopped two days later, and the symptoms settled over 48 hours.Symptoms consisted of mild pain but appreciable stiffness and weakness with slight swelling affecting in a symmetrical fashion the metacarpophalangeal joints, carpal, and wrist joints.He experienced difficulty in writing and with fine motor function of the hands.He also had mild aches and pains in both ankle and knee joints without limitation of movement.On examination at the peak of symptoms there was evidence of mild inflammation mainly affecting the metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands and also the proximal interphalangeal joints, with slight swelling over the dorsum of the hands.Moderate tenderness was noted over these joints, but there was no reddening and passive movements were limited only slightly.There was no associated rash and no other systemic disturbance.Grip strengths in both hands were measured using a dynamometer and showed an average 33 % reduction in power after challenge with the drug.The following variables were assessed before quinidine was given: full blood examination, platelet count, rheumatoid factor, complement concen- trations, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear factor, microurine examination, serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function, and immune complexes.All these variables were assessed again on the last day of rechallenge with quinidine, and there was no appreciable alteration in any of the values.Serum quinidine concentration was measured at the peak of symptoms and was in the lower bracket of the therapeutic range.
The GMC should be more concerned with the postgraduate rather than the primary qualification of overseas doctors
Authors: M. Hasan
Journal: BMJ (1984)

become more important-thus explaining the common finding of young patients with acute myocardial infarction without any measurable risk factors.With the failure of multiple risk factor intervention in those at moderate risk,3 there is little immediate alternative but to focus particularly on those found to be at high risk.The yield is now partly identifiable and the motivation of physicians and in- dividuals is high.5 6 M F
Long-term Prognosis following Ventricular Fibrillation in Acute Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: B. T. McNamee, T. J. Robinson, A. A. J. Adgey, M. E. Scott, J. S. Geddes, J. F. Pantridge
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 160 patients who survived ventricular fibrillation complicating acute ischaemic heart disease, 80 had had a clinically mild coronary attack. Most of the long-term survivors had ventricular fibrillation within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. The longterm prognosis of the survivors was similar to that of patients whose myocardial infarction was not complicated by ventricular fibrillation. Those patients who survived ventricular fibrillation which occurred within four hours of the onset of symptoms were younger, usually had had a mild coronary attack, and had the most favourable longterm prognosis. The number of episodes of ventricular fibrillation did not affect adversely the long-term prognosis. Of those who at the time of review were eligible to work, 86% were fit to work and 68% were actually at work.
DEATH BY LIGHTNING.
Authors: B. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A powerful man, weighing 212 pounds, 36 years old, was struck by lightning. In about 10 or 15 minutes I found him deeply cyanosed, skin relaxed and cool and the heart beating feebly, but there was no visible respiration. I gave him hypodermic injections of strychnin, whisky and finally the normal salt solution, keeping up artificial respiration for ten hours, when the heart failed. The face brightened slightly for a few moments under the artificial respiration and the heart at short periods beat stronger, but no farther reaction was obtained, the temperature steadily falling. Finding literature scarce on the subject I will be glad to have some one state what would have been the prospects for a better result by the use of an electric battery.
Diphtheritic Paralysis: Its Natural Course, Pathology, Treatment, and Relation to Paralytic Affections following Fevers
Authors: J. R. Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRITISI_OURNAL.57r at the nose or ears, but has seen instances of men coming to the surface bleeding from those parts, though from nowhere else.Mr. A. C. " has never known an instance of a diver bleeding from anywhere but the nose, mouth, or ears", ancI then only through fright or exhaustion.Mr. G. C. has seen instances of men coming up bleeding at the nose and ears.lie thiniks that must be through weakness, for they were in shallow water, andl only about onie hour down..With respect to the influence of the state of health of divers on their sensations under water, some very interesting partictulars are contained in Mr. A. C.'s letter.He observes: " the genieral symptoms are, in my opinion, to be gathered frolmi the man's own state of health, or habits ; if he is given to drink, theln you may expect an accident, or sudden death, at any time ; or, if he is conisumptive, or his chest the least affected, the air is not sufficiently pure for him.During the latter part of my time as instructor in the Excell/eit, I lhad been suffering from chest disease and the last twice I was down I cou'ld not remain five minutes, as the air was not pure enough forme to breathe."AMr.G. C., wvhen havinc a slight cold, felt hot flaslhes all over his body, and a pricking sensation.Now, if a column of thirty-tlhree feet and ten inches of water exert a pressure of about I5 lbs. on the square inch, at a depth of ios feet, the pressure will be equal to about 47.9 lbs. on the square inch: a man of a height of 5 ft.8 in., the surface of whose body w%ould be equal to from 2,325 to 3, IOO square inches, would therefore, at the depth of Io8 feet, support a pressure of water of fi-om I I 1,367 to 148,490 lbs.At the sea- side, the atmospheric pressure on such a person would amount to fromii 34,875 to 46, 500 lbs.Ile would, tlherefore, while at a depth of io8 feet from water, be subjectedI to a pressure of from 76,492lbs.tO II3,615 lbs. in ad(litioin to the weight he had to bear from the atmosphere at the sea- side.Oni coming to the surface, this enormous excess of pressuire is got rid of; no wonder a sensationi should be felt of rushing of blood to the head, and that sometimes hx morrhage should follow.The most remilark-
Measurement of gastrointestinal transmural electric potential difference in man
Authors: M. G. Geall, C. F. Code, D. C. McIlrath, W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: Gut (1970)

Measurement, in man, of the electric potential difference between venous blood and the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract gave identical values to the potential difference between mucosa and serosa. Various parts of the peritoneum were equipotential with venous blood. By contrast, skin-enteric potential difference varied with time and among different subjects because of a potential difference between skin and blood that is unpredictably reduced by skin injury. The results with electrolyte bridges of KCl in agar or of flowing KCl were identical.
Stimulation of pyloric motility by intraduodenal dextrose in normal subjects.
Authors: R Heddle, D Fone, J Dent, M Horowitz
Journal: Gut (1988)

Recent studies suggest that the pylorus may play an important role in the regulation of the gastric emptying of nutrient liquids in man. Dextrose solutions in the range 5-25 g/dl have been reported to empty from the human stomach at a constant caloric rate of 2.1 kcal/min. This study examined, in 12 healthy volunteers, the effects of intraduodenal dextrose on pyloric motility. Dextrose solutions, 5, 10, 15, and 25 gde/dl and saline solutions, 0.9 and 2.7 g/dl were infused into the duodenum at 4 ml/min for 10 minutes. Antral, pyloric, and duodenal motility were monitored with sideholes and a sleeve sensor positioned across the pylorus. Significant increases in the rate of isolated pyloric pressure waves and in basal pyloric pressure were seen with 15 and 25 g/dl dextrose (p less than 0.02) and 2.7 g/dl saline (p less than 0.05). The intensity and duration of the phasic and tonic pyloric motor responses to intraduodenal dextrose were dose dependent and correlated directly with the rate of calorie delivery (p less than 0.005 for each parameter). Intraduodenal delivery of dextrose at a rate in excess of 2.1 kcal/min stimulates both phasic and tonic pyloric contraction. These changes in pyloric motility may contribute to the close regulation of the emptying of dextrose from the stomach.
Targeting lipid metabolism by the lipoprotein lipase inhibitor orlistat results in apoptosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: C P Pallasch, J Schwamb, S Königs, A Schulz, S Debey, D Kofler, J L Schultze, M Hallek, A Ultsch, C-M Wendtner
Journal: Leukemia (2007)