tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Premedical Program
Authors: Perry Santos
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A relatively new medical program has come into existence at the Ventura County General Hospital in Ventura, Calif. Harvey M. Harris, MD, originator and director, developed a five-week Health Professions Student Scholarship Program (HPSSP) for high school seniors and college freshmen showing interests in medical and allied medical occupations. The HPSSP enabled 15 students to be chosen from both public and private schools within Ventura County. I was fortunate in being selected as one of the 15. For five summer weeks, we entered into the world of medicine and were encouraged to explore, observe, and inquire into all phases of medical activity. We encountered life and death and all the dimensions connecting the two. Throughout the program, each student was assigned to different departments to observe surgery, obstetrics, emergency cases, autopsies, and, of course, the less dramatic events, although of equal importance, that occur daily throughout the
Experimental Study of Heart-rate Variability During Studies on the Psychophysiology of the Cardio-pulmonary Systems and Attempt to Obtain Classical Conditioning of Heart-rate by Utilisation of Unconditional Stimuli Belonging to the Second System of Signalisation
Authors: M. Haber, D. Luminet
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The authors attempted to reduplicate the Lacey phenomenon of heart rate acceleration during the performance of an interiorized mental task and its maintenance in time. For this purpose they resorted to the pavlovian conditioning paradigm. The heart-rate response was obtained repetitively thanks to a change of structure and/ or content of the task and a conditioned response was elicited in some subjects. Moreover, other types of visceral conditioning were evidenced. The authors underline the importance of such factors as anxiety, personality structure and intellectual abilities in this sort of conditioning.
Beta-carotene in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Peter C.H. Newbold
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Beta‐carotene in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus Get access Peter C.H. Newbold Peter C.H. Newbold Department of Dermatology, Worcester Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Worcester WRI 2, AS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 1, 1 July 1976, Pages 100–101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15540.x Published: 01 July 1976
P3-14-02: Sequential Versus Upfront Intensified Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Large Resectable or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (INTENS), Toxicity Results from a Phase III Study of the Dutch Breast Cancer Trialists' Group (BOOG).
Authors: BE Vriens, de Vijver KK Van, C Boetes, Gastel SM van, J Wals, TJ Smilde, Warmerdam LJ van, Laarhoven HW van, Spronsen DJ van, GF Borm, VC Tjan-Heijnen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Taxanes have an established role as (neo-)adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. In the present study, we compared 4 AC - 4 T with 6 cycles of TAC in the neo-adjuvant setting (A=adriamycine, C=cyclophosphamide, T=docetaxel). Previously, we reported that AC-T resulted in a trend for improved outcome (odds ratio pCR of the breast 1.61; 95% CI 0.79−3.33). Now we report the safety data. Methods Women presenting with breast cancer, cT2≥3cm, cT3, cT4 and/or cN+, with measurable disease and no prior treatment, age ≥18 and ≤70 years and Karnofsky Score ≥70% were eligible. Patients were randomized to AC (60/600 mg/m2 q3wk x 4 cycles) followed by T (100 mg/m2 q3wk x 4 cycles) without primary G-CSF prophylaxis, or to TAC (75/50/500 mg/m2 q3wk x 6 cycles) with primary G-CSF prophylaxis. If indicated, trastuzumab and/or endocrine therapy were given as adjuvant treatment. This present analysis focuses on the toxicity profile of the two treatment arms. Results In total, 201 patients (n=100 AC-T, n=101 TAC) were included between February 2006 and April 2009. Baseline characteristics (AC-T/TAC) were well balanced. Patients in the AC-T arm had more frequently grade 3 / 4 toxicities as compared to the TAC arm, respectively in 57% and 28% (p=0.001). Grade 3 / 4 neutropenia without fever was more frequently reported with AC-T (35% vs. 4%; p=0.001). Grade 3 / 4 febrile neutropenia was also more frequent with AC-T (17% versus 5%; p=0.0062) and significantly increased during docetaxel treatment after AC. Notably, diarrhea was also more frequently seen in the AC-T arm (4% versus 0%, p=0.0423). Other grade 3 / 4 toxicities more frequently reported in the AC-T arm were neuropathy - sensory (5% vs. 0%; p=0.229) and pain other than muscle or bone pain (4% vs. 0%; p=0.0423). There were no grade 3 / 4 toxicities more frequently observed in the TAC arm. Conclusion In the comparison of two taxane-anthracycline-cyclophosphamide regimens in the neo-adjuvant setting, it is observed that the sequential approach with a lower cumulative dose tends to have a slightly better efficacy outcome, but at the cost of increased grade 3 / 4 toxicity. However, considering the use of primary G-CSF prophylaxis in the TAC arm, and the fact that the incidence of febrile neutropenia was higher during taxane containing chemotherapy in the AC-T arm, the difference might (partly) disappear if primary G-CSF prophylaxis would be used in the sequential arm. Primary G-CSF prophylaxis may be considered during docetaxel if used sequentially after anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Support: Unrestricted grants from sanofi-aventis NL BV and Amgen BV. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-02.
Biology and Clinical Development of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Targeted Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Eric J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To review the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) leading to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression and the clinical results of VEGF blockade in metastatic RCC.A review of relevant published literature regarding VEGF, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation and VEGF overexpression in RCC was performed. Further, a review of the mechanism, toxicity, and clinical development of VEGF-targeted therapy in metastatic RCC was undertaken.VEGF is the major proangiogenic protein that exerts a biologic effect through interaction with cellular receptors. The majority of sporadic clear-cell RCC tumors are characterized by VHL tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The resulting VHL gene silencing leads to VEGF overexpression. An antibody to VEGF (bevacizumab) has demonstrated a significant prolongation of time to disease progression compared with placebo in patients with metastatic RCC. Small molecules with inhibitory effects against the VEGF receptor have undergone initial clinical testing in metastatic RCC with substantial objective response rates.Therapeutic targeting of VEGF in RCC has strong biologic rationale and preliminary clinical efficacy. Further investigation will determine the optimal timing, sequence, and utility of these agents in RCC.
Iraq lacks facilities and expertise in emergency medicine
Authors: Bassim Irheim Mohammed Al Sheibani, Najah R Hadi, Tariq Hasoon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Forty per cent of the affected population in north Darfur is not receiving health care, and 370 000 people across Darfur did not receive monthly rations in July. 2 One of the most important lessons is that without durable peace, the health gains can easily be lost.Health indicators must be used as an advocacy tool in the political process.The international community must critically examine its efforts in order to achieve sustainable results.Non-governmental organisations must start small scale programmes, as these can be managed over a prolonged time, even with reduced funds or fewer health professionals.Darfur is on the edge of yet another humanitarian catastrophe.We are obliged to prevent it.
ROENTGENOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF PERINEPHRITIC ABSCESS
Authors: Edwin Beer
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Although the majority of perinephritic abscesses are easily recognized, there is a large group of cases in which perinephritic abscess is present and in which the diagnosis is very difficult. Whether all of these abscesses originate in the kidney parenchyma or not, the urinary observations are usually of so little value that they do not help in the diagnosis. For many years, just as W. F. Braasch has done, I have tried to make use of urine cultures to determine the presence of such an infection in and about the kidney; but although a certain percentage of the cultures have yielded<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, it was too small a percentage to be of real clinical import. In these obscure cases, not infrequently diagnosed as typhoid, influenza, pulmonary tuberculosis, endocarditis and the like, it would be of great value if additional physical evidence of the presence of a perinephritic involvement
Review of Biological Research in Aging
Authors: Ward Dean
Journal: JAMA (1984)

From 1964 to 1972, Academic Press Inc published a series of books entitled Advances in Gerontological Research , edited by Bernard Strehler, which periodically reviewed the progress in biomedical gerontology. Unfortunately, in the intervening decade, there have not been any series of books of a similar nature that unfailingly updated each area of biologic research in aging every year or two. Other gerontologically related series such as Raven's Aging series, Karger's Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology , and Liss' own Modern Aging Research series, are published at irregular intervals, and are generally very narrow in scope (usually consisting of proceedings of various highly specialized symposia, of little interest to those not specializing in the subject). Review of Biological Research in Aging , volume 1, admirably fills this gap, and it is hoped that further volumes in this planned series will materialize. This first volume has set a precedent for excellence, which, if emulated by
Abnormal calcium metabolism in normocalcaemic sarcoidosis.
Authors: M Reiner, G Sigurdsson, V Nunziata, M A Malik, G W Poole, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In studies of calcium metabolism in 13 unselected patients with untreated sarcoidosis all were normocalcaemic but five had hypercalcuria. All had normal renal function. Calcium absorption was indexed by a double isotope test. 45Ca hyperabsorption occurred in six patients. Ten kinetic studies were carried out with 47Ca and in six bone turnover was increased. 45Ca absorption correlated well with the calculated bone uptake rate of calcium, and with urine calcium excretion. These results suggest that in sarcoidosis abnormalities in calcium metabolism are fairly common although they rarely result in sustained hypercalcaemia.
East Meets West
Authors: U. Hoang
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Exhibition at the Science Museum, London, until 27 June

   According to Robert Temple in his book The Genius of China , the Chinese were isolating sex and pituitary hormones from the urine by sublimation as early as the 2nd century BC and using them for medicinal purposes. The crystals they obtained were traditionally called “autumn mineral,” being likened to the hoarfrost of the autumn and were said to be used by the Prince …
Ebola vaccine to be tested on 30 000 volunteers
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The first doses of a vaccine against the Ebola virus are to be shipped to Liberia, the drug company GlaxoSmithKline has announced. Some 300 vials of the vaccine, a chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vaccine, were due to arrive in Liberia’s capital, Monrovia, on Friday 23 January.

Small phase I trials conducted in the United Kingdom, the United …
Muscle channelopathies and critical points in functional and genetic studies
Authors: K. Jurkat-Rott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Muscle channelopathies are caused by mutations in ion channel genes, by antibodies directed against ion channel proteins, or by changes of cell homeostasis leading to aberrant splicing of ion channel RNA or to disturbances of modification and localization of channel proteins. As ion channels constitute one of the only protein families that allow functional examination on the molecular level, expression studies of putative mutations have become standard in confirming that the mutations cause disease. Functional changes may not necessarily prove disease causality of a putative mutation but could be brought about by a polymorphism instead. These problems are addressed, and a more critical evaluation of the underlying genetic data is proposed.
Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride.
Authors: R. C. Garner
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Scrotal Carcinoma SIR,-The incidence of scrotal carcinoma in workers exposed to mineral oil has recently been highlighted by a £10,000 award by Mr. Justice Swanwick.'Local inquiries in New South Wales by management, alerted to the possibility of danger of ca-:cinogenesis, prompted me to look into the matter.In 15 years I have not seen a single case of scrotal carcinoma in New South Wales, despite the fact that many thousands of workers are exposed to mineral oils.Two large insurance companies, which together handle over 50% of the workers' compensation insurance in this State, have never seen a case of scrotal carcinoma.(Squamous carcinoma is quite a common lesion in Australia, involv- ing predominantly those sites exposed to strong sunshine.)Perhaps, in addition to pro- viding impervious aprons for workers exposed to mineral oils, a daily shower at the end of the shift should be mandatory, and underwear and overalls should be laundered frequently.This procedure is voluntarily followed by the vast majority of workers in this State.Most people would agree that scrotal carcinoma should be an entirely preventable
THE IMMUNIZATION OF FOWLS AGAINST MOSQUITO-BORNE PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM BY INJECTIONS OF SERUM AND OF INACTIVATED HOMOLOGOUS SPOROZOITES
Authors: Paul F. Russell, B. N. Mohan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

This paper reports attempts to immunize domestic fowls against mosquito-borne infections of Plasmodium gallinaceum by means of (a) vaccination with inactivated homologous sporozoites; (b) injections of sera, both normal sheep serum, and serum from fowls chronically infected with the homologous Plasmodium, (c) combinations of both sporozoite vaccine and serum. It was possible to reduce the normal malaria death rate (55.4 per cent) in these fowls by each of the above methods but most markedly by the combined prophylactic treatment. Mortality rates were 21.1 per cent in vaccinated fowls, 16.7 per cent in serum-treated fowls, and 7.3 in those having the combined treatment. Intensity of infection was measured by counting the percentage of red cells infected each day. It was found that in each group of fowls having prophylactic treatment the average of highest percentages of red cells infected was less than in untreated malarious fowls (30.1 per cent). The average figure was 20.5 per cent in vaccinated fowls, 17.9 per cent in those having serum injections, and 15.0 per cent in those having combined treatment. The prepatent period was not markedly affected by any of the prophylactic procedures. It averaged 9.1 days in the untreated group, 8.9 days in both the vaccinated and serum-treated groups, and 9.7 days in the group having combined treatment. The results seemed to demonstrate an interaction of both cellular and humoral agencies in defence against malaria, since the greatest immunizing effect was seen in the series having both sporozoite vaccine and serum injections.
Focal compensatory enlargement of human arteries in response to progressive atherosclerosis. In vivo documentation using intravascular ultrasound.
Authors: D W Losordo, K Rosenfield, J Kaufman, A Pieczek, J M Isner
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Previous postmortem studies have demonstrated compensatory enlargement of atherosclerotic arteries in animal models and patients. Conclusions regarding these changes were drawn based on a comparison of the dimensions of diseased arteries in one group of subjects with the dimensions of normal arteries in another group. This method admits potential confounding variables, such as demographics and other disease states, which might also have an impact on arterial size. METHODS AND RESULTS Using intravascular ultrasound, we studied a total of 62 paired, adjacent normal and diseased sites in the superficial femoral arteries of 20 patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions. Morphological assessment was performed using a computer-based image analysis system. Measurements were made of the cross-sectional area of the arterial lumen, the atherosclerotic plaque, and the outer border of the artery. These dimensions were then compared to determine the effects of progressive atherosclerosis on arterial morphology. Luminal cross-sectional area decreased from 21.1 +/- 2.2 mm2 in normal segments to 16.7 +/- 0.8 mm2 (P = .0001) in adjacent atherosclerotic segments. Similarly, minimal luminal diameter decreased from 5.7 +/- 0.2 to 5.0 +/- 0.1 mm2, and maximal luminal diameter decreased from 6.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.7 +/- 0.2 mm2. At these same sites, total arterial area was 32.9 +/- 1.6 and 37.9 +/- 1.9 mm2 (P = .0001) in normal and diseased segments, respectively. Minimal and maximal arterial diameters demonstrated similar increases (7.3 +/- 0.2 to 7.7 +/- 0.2 mm2 [P = .0015] and 7.6 +/- 0.2 to 8.3 +/- 0.2 mm2 [P = .0001], respectively). Regression analysis disclosed correlation of the cross-sectional area of plaque to the total arterial area (R = .70, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS Human arteries enlarge in response to progressive atherosclerosis. This compensatory mechanism results in an increase in arterial size that is proportionate to the cross-sectional area of plaque that has accumulated in the vessel. Intravascular ultrasound demonstrates that this process is focal compensatory enlargement at discrete sites of atherosclerotic narrowing immediately adjacent to more normal areas in which arterial size is smaller.
Outcomes of Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jonathan P. Piccini, Moritz F. Sinner, Melissa A. Greiner, Bradley G. Hammill, João D. Fontes, James P. Daubert, Patrick T. Ellinor, Adrian F. Hernandez, Allan J. Walkey, Susan R. Heckbert, Emelia J. Benjamin, Lesley H. Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Atrial fibrillation is common among older persons. Catheter ablation is increasingly used in patients for whom medical therapy has failed. Methods and Results— We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation between July 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009. The main outcome measures were major complications within 30 days and mortality, heart failure, stroke, hospitalization, and repeat ablation within 1 year. A total of 15 423 patients underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Mean age was 72 years; 41% were women; and &gt;95% were white. For every 1000 procedures, there were 17 cases of hemopericardium requiring intervention, 8 cases of stroke, and 8 deaths within 30 days. More than 40% of patients required hospitalization within 1 year; however, atrial fibrillation or flutter was the primary discharge diagnosis in only 38.4% of cases. Eleven percent of patients underwent repeat ablation within 1 year. Renal impairment (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–2.58), age ≥80 years (hazard ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 2.32–4.11), and heart failure (hazard ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–3.13) were major risk factors for 1-year mortality. Advanced age was a major risk factor for all adverse outcomes. Conclusions— Major complications after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were associated with advanced age but were fairly infrequent. Few patients underwent repeat ablation. Randomized trials are needed to inform risk-benefit calculations for older persons with drug-refractory, symptomatic atrial fibrillation.
Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in cystic fibrosis patients with stable, clinically mild lung disease suggest ongoing infection and inflammation.
Authors: M W Konstan, K A Hilliard, T M Norvell, M Berger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine the extent of airway infection and inflammation in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have mild lung disease and are without symptoms of active infection, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 18 CF patients > or = 12 yr of age who were stable, appeared clinically well, and had mean (+/- SEM) FEV1 of 79 +/- 4% of predicted. We quantitated the bacteria, inflammatory cells, immunoglobulins, and mediators of inflammatory tissue damage in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of these patients and in 23 healthy control subjects. All CF patients were found to be infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and/or Haemophilus influenzae; no organisms were isolated from the control subjects. The mean number of cells in the ELF was 14 times greater in the CF patients than in the control subjects. Neutrophils constituted 57% of the recovered cells in the CF patients versus 3% in the control subjects, and their concentration was 380 times greater in the CF patients versus the control subjects. IgG, IgA, and IgM were 2.5 to 6 times greater in CF ELF versus that of control subjects. Abundant active elastase was present in the ELF of the CF patients (2.3 +/- 0.9 microM) despite threefold elevated levels of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI). No active elastase was detectable in the control subjects. alpha 1-PI was functional in CF as demonstrated by elevated elastase:alpha 1-PI complex (0.045 microM in CF versus 0.002 microM in control subjects). This active elastase caused proteolytic destruction of surface complement receptors on airway neutrophils in situ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Left anterior hemiblock obscuring the diagnosis of right bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: S Sclarovsky, R F Lewin, B Strasberg, J Agmon
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Thirty cases in which transient left anterior hemiblock (LAHB) obscured the diagnosis of right bundle branch block (RBBB) appearing during the first days of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are presented. Twenty-eight of the patients with AMI had a clear septal wall involvement, while the remaining two had an anterolateral and lateral wall AMI, respectively. These intraventricular conduction defects developed 2-120 hours (mean 64.9 +/- 26 hours) after the acute event, and persisted for 24 hours to 7 days (mean 63.1 +/- 35 hours). The ECG was characterized by a pure LAHB with wide QRS complexes and the presence of RBBB was shown by recording high V1 and right-sided chest leads. The vectorcardiogram was also useful in several cases. The clinical course of this type of bifascicular block was transient and benign, with an in-hospital mortality of 6.7%. No patient developed trifascicular or complete atrioventricular block and, therefore, we conclude that prophylactic installation of a temporary pacemaker is not indicated in this type of bifascicular block. The possible role of extracellular potassium released during acute myocardial necrosis in the pathophysiological mechanism of these blocks is discussed.