tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Salicylate Intoxication and Diabetic Acidosis
Authors: Alan S. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

AS increasing numbers of potent pharmacologic agents become available for general use, the chance of accidentally induced toxicity increases. Despite the tremendous volume consumed in the United States (over 9,000,000 pounds a year) the relative number of deaths is small.1 2 3 Nevertheless, owing to the volume of usage, the acute toxicity through accidental overdosage is occasionally noted on the medical wards as a serious disease that may be fatal. The clinical and laboratory abnormalities that occur are quite similar in many respects to those of diabetic acidosis.Quincke noted in 18824 that the salicylate dyspnea was similar to that seen in . . .
Physician Competencies for Prescribing Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Liana Lianov
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Derivation of hepatocytes from bone marrow cells in mice after radiation-induced myeloablation
Authors: Neil D. Theise, Sunil Badve, Romil Saxena, Octavian Henegariu, Stewart Sell, James M. Crawford, Diane S. Krause
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Following a report of skeletal muscle regeneration from bone marrow cells, we investigated whether hepatocytes could also derive in vivo from bone marrow cells. A cohort of lethally irradiated B6D2F1 female mice received whole bone marrow transplants from age-matched male donors and were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and months 2, 4, and 6 posttransplantation (n = 3 for each time point). Additionally, 2 archival female mice of the same strain who had previously been recipients of 200 male fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-sorted CD34 + lin − cells were sacrificed 8 months posttransplantation under the same protocol. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the Y-chromosome was performed on liver tissue. Y-positive hepatocytes, up to 2.2% of total hepatocytes, were identified in 1 animal at 7 days posttransplantation and in all animals sacrificed 2 months or longer posttransplantation. Simultaneous FISH for the Y-chromosome and albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) confirmed male-derived cells were mature hepatocytes. These animals had received lethal doses of irradiation at the time of bone marrow transplantation, but this induced no overt, histologically demonstrable, acute hepatic injury, including inflammation, necrosis, oval cell proliferation, or scarring. We conclude that hepatocytes can derive from bone marrow cells after irradiation in the absence of severe acute injury. Also, the small subpopulation of CD34 + lin − bone marrow cells is capable of such hepatic engraftment.
Perforated and Embedded Intrauterine Devices
Authors: David Zakin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

UTERINE perforation by an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) can be complete or partial. In complete perforation, the ectopic IUD is in the peritoneal cavity, either lying free, often in the posterior cul-de-sac, or adherent to uterus, adnexa, or peritoneum, or frequently enmeshed in omentum. Complete perforation— type 3—is usually diagnosed easily and the IUD is readily removed by laparoscopy, laparotomy, or colpotomy.  In partial perforation, the IUD may impinge on the uterus in different areas and in varying degrees. It may be classified according to the compartments involved, considering the uterine cavity as compartment 1, the myometrium as compartment 2, and the peritoneal cavity as compartment 3. Thus, in type 1-2 partial perforation, the IUD is partially in the uterine cavity and partially in the myometrium; in type 2, in the myometrium only; in type 2-3, in the myometrium and peritoneal cavity; and in type 1-2-3, in the uterine cavity,
Time and Medical Education
Authors: Kenneth M. Ludmerer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

An indispensable ingredient of good medical education is the presence of enough time to allow educational objectives to be met. The length of study needs to be sufficient for learners to acquire the necessary factual, reasoning, judgmental, and behavioral skills. For medical education to be conducted at the highest level, learners also need sufficient contact time with patients, and faculty need enough time to teach in a thoughtful, Socratic fashion. As the 21st century approaches, time is disappearing from the process of teaching and learning medicine, with disturbing implications for the quality of education. Medical educators in the future must work as hard to defend the availability of sufficient time as they do to acquire new buildings and research funds.
Prolonged nasal eosinophilia in all_ergic patients after common cold
Authors: I. J. Van Benten, A. KleinJan, H. J. Neijens, A. D. M. E. Osterhaus, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Viral respiratory tract infections may cause both harmless common colds and severe asthma exacerbations; the differences in disease expression probably depend on the allergic status of the patient. To determine whether altered immunologic mechanisms underlie these differences, we investigated nasal inflammation during naturally acquired common cold.In a group of 16 patients (eight allergic), nasal brush samples were taken, and nasal symptoms were recorded during common cold, 2 weeks later (convalescence), and at baseline (>4 weeks without nasal symptoms). Nasal brush cells were stained immunohistochemically for Langerhans cells, T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, B cells, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells, eosinophils, eotaxin, and RANTES.Four rhinovirus, four coronavirus, three RSV, one Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and one influenza A/enterovirus double infection were confirmed. Increased numbers of T cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, eosinophils, and RANTES- and eotaxin-positive cells, but not neutrophils, were observed during common cold in allergic and nonallergic patients, and increased numbers of mast cells in allergic patients. Compared to nonallergic patients, in allergic patients eosinophil influx persisted into convalescence.Prolonged nasal eosinophil influx was observed in allergic patients after common cold. What immunologic factors can induce prolonged eosinophil influx and whether this may increase the risk of subsequent allergen-induced hypersensitivity reactions must be studied further.
Hospital Volume and 30-Day Mortality for Three Common Medical Conditions
Authors: Joseph S. Ross, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Yun Wang, Dennis T. Ko, Jersey Chen, Elizabeth E. Drye, Patricia S. Keenan, Judith H. Lichtman, Héctor Bueno, Geoffrey C. Schreiner, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The association between hospital volume and the death rate for patients who are hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia remains unclear. It is also not known whether a volume threshold for such an association exists.We conducted cross-sectional analyses of data from Medicare administrative claims for all fee-for-service beneficiaries who were hospitalized between 2004 and 2006 in acute care hospitals in the United States for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia. Using hierarchical logistic-regression models for each condition, we estimated the change in the odds of death within 30 days associated with an increase of 100 patients in the annual hospital volume. Analyses were adjusted for patients' risk factors and hospital characteristics. Bootstrapping procedures were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals to identify the condition-specific volume thresholds above which an increased volume was not associated with reduced mortality.There were 734,972 hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction in 4128 hospitals, 1,324,287 for heart failure in 4679 hospitals, and 1,418,252 for pneumonia in 4673 hospitals. An increased hospital volume was associated with reduced 30-day mortality for all conditions (P<0.001 for all comparisons). For each condition, the association between volume and outcome was attenuated as the hospital's volume increased. For acute myocardial infarction, once the annual volume reached 610 patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 539 to 679), an increase in the hospital volume by 100 patients was no longer significantly associated with reduced odds of death. The volume threshold was 500 patients (95% CI, 433 to 566) for heart failure and 210 patients (95% CI, 142 to 284) for pneumonia.Admission to higher-volume hospitals was associated with a reduction in mortality for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia, although there was a volume threshold above which an increased condition-specific hospital volume was no longer significantly associated with reduced mortality.
Locally delivered nanoencapsulated tyrphostin (AGL-2043) reduces neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid and stented porcine coronary arteries
Authors: Shmuel Banai, Michael Chorny, S.David Gertz, Ilia Fishbein, Jianchuan Gao, Louise Perez, Galila Lazarovichi, Aviv Gazit, Alexander Levitzki, Gershon Golomb
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Comparative Analysis of the MIR319a MicroRNA Locus in Arabidopsis and Related Brassicaceae
Authors: N. Warthmann, S. Das, C. Lanz, D. Weigel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms. Yet, little is known about their molecular evolution. The 20- to 22-nt long miRNAs are processed in plants from foldbacks that are a few hundred base pairs in size. Often, these foldbacks are embedded in much larger precursor transcripts. To investigate functional constraints on sequence evolution of miRNA precursor genes, we have studied sequence variation in the precursor of miR319a, MIR319a, between species from the Brassicaceae. We compared the genomic context in Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis halleri, and Capsella rubella, using bacterial artificial chromosome clones, and analyzed precursor sequences obtained by polymerase chain reaction from 13 additional species. Phylogenetic shadowing identifies a conserved motif around the transcription start site, which we demonstrate to be functionally important. We further assessed the functionality of MIR319a orthologs from several Brassicaceae species in A. thaliana. The ortholog from kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was found to be largely inactive, at least partially due to mutations in the miRNA itself, but experimental evidence suggests that loss of miR319a function is compensated by other members of the miR319 family. More broadly, we find that the foldback diverges less rapidly than the remainder of the primary transcript. To understand the molecular evolution of miRNA genes, investigations at different levels of phylogenetic divergence are required.
Science in court
Authors: E. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Does English libel law threaten scientific debate in health care?

Professor Sir Muir Gray, in his book Evidence-based Healthcare 1 tells the old joke about the epidemiologist up in court on a serious charge. “How do you plead? Guilty or not guilty?” asks the judge. “I don’t know: I haven’t heard the evidence yet.”

Recent events bring comedy, evidence, and law together as Ricky Gervais, Richard Dawkins, and Sir Iain Chalmers join together in a campaign that weds scientific rigour to free expression. On Wednesday of this week, leading academics, publishers, journalists, performers, clinicians, and scientists issued a public statement2 backing science writer Simon Singh in his application to appeal against a libel judgment in the High Court. They fear that this judgment—if upheld—would have major implications for the ability of scientists, researchers, and other commentators freely to engage in robust criticism of scientific, and indeed purportedly scientific, work.

Singh, well-known for his books on Fermat’s last theorem and the big bang, wrote an article on 19 April 2008 in the Guardian newspaper criticising claims made by chiropractors about the efficacy of spinal manipulation in dealing with childhood conditions such as asthma, colic, and ear infections, among others. He suggested there was “not …
Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure — Five More Years
Authors: William G. Stevenson, Lynne W. Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Heart failure is often complicated by atrial fibrillation, and atrial fibrillation can exacerbate and in some cases cause heart failure. Adverse effects of atrial fibrillation include a loss of atrial contribution to ventricular filling, a nonphysiologic heart-rate response, irregular periods of ventricular filling, and an increased risk of thromboembolism. In an editorial in the Journal five years ago,1 we observed that atrial fibrillation was associated with an adverse prognosis in several studies of heart failure, but it was not clear whether it directly increased disease progression and mortality or was only a marker for the severity of heart failure. Therapy . . .
Canada faces more strikes
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Funding shortages in Canada's much vaunted healthcare system are causing disruptions in hospital services and rebellions by doctors in several provinces. And the situation looks like getting worse before getting better.

Doctors throughout British Columbia closed offices, clinics, and some inhospital services for two days this month—and will do so for a third day—in protest against a capped budget for their services that is now exhausted. …
Malignancy behind chronic pruritus: the wolf in sheep's clothing?
Authors: S. Ständer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Malignancy behind chronic pruritus: the wolf in sheep's clothing? Get access S. Ständer S. Ständer Competence Center for Chronic Pruritus Department of Dermatology University Hospital Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 4, 1 October 2014, Pages 692–693, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13320 Published: 01 October 2014
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein and P-Glycoprotein in 149 Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemias
Authors: Zineb Benderra, Anne-Marie Faussat, Lydia Sayada, Jean-Yves Perrot, Driss Chaoui, Jean-Pierre Marie, Ollivier Legrand
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Recently, a new ABC protein, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), was described. But its prognosis is not known in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, the prognosis of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and BCRP in patients treated homogeneously by the same anthracycline (daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone) during all of the treatment with aracytine is not known. Therefore, we have evaluated the relationship between drug resistance phenotype, in vitro anthracene sensitivity, and the relation to treatment outcome. Experimental Design: We have analyzed 149 AML treated according to protocol of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer group. The prognostic value of BCRP and Pgp were analyzed in the whole population and according to intercalating agent. Results: BCRP was a prognostic factor, for achievement of complete remission (43% in positive patients and 69% in negative patients, P = 0.005), the 4-year disease-free survival (12% versus 33%, P = 0.03), and the 4-year overall survival (19% versus 38%, P = 0.003). When BCRP expression and Pgp function were categorized in three groups, +/+, +/− or −/+, and −/−, the achievement of complete remission was 45%, 66%, and 90% (P = 0.0003), the 4-year disease-free survival was 8%, 26%, and 40% (P = 0.01), and the 4-year overall survival was 16%, 37%, and 48% (P = 0.001), respectively. Pgp function was a prognostic factor in patients treated by daunorubicin and idarubicin but not by mitoxantrone. In contrast, BCRP expression was a prognostic factor in patients treated by daunorubicin and mitoxantrone but not by idarubicin. Conclusions: BCRP would be implicated in the resistance to chemotherapies in AML. But these are the patients expressing both BCRP and Pgp who have the poorest prognosis.
Mechanisms Underlying Aortic Dilatation in Congenital Aortic Valve Malformation
Authors: Diana Bonderman, Elisabeth Gharehbaghi-Schnell, Gregor Wollenek, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner, Irene M. Lang
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The high incidence of aortic disease in subjects with congenital aortic valve malformations suggests a causative relationship between these 2 conditions. The histological observation in aortic dilatation/aneurysm/dissection is Erdheim cystic medial necrosis (CMN), a noninflammatory loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fragmentation of elastic fibers, and mucoid degeneration.To examine whether apoptosis is 1 of the mechanisms underlying CMN and aortic medial layer SMC loss, ascending aortic wall specimens from 32 patients were collected at cardiothoracic surgery and examined by histochemical staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. From echocardiography results, 4 groups of patients were identified: bicuspid valve carriers with (bi/dil) or without (bi/0) aortic dilatation and tricuspid valve carriers with (tri/dil) or without (tri/0) aortic dilatation. Massive focal apoptosis was observed in the medial layers of bi/dil (mean apoptotic index [mAI], 8.1+/-6.0) and tri/dil (mAI, 8.1+/-8.3) compared with tri/0 (mAI, 0.9+/-1.2; P=0.0079 and P=0.037). In bi/0 (mAI, 9.1+/-5.7) compared with tri/0 (mAI, 0.9+/-1.2), rates of medial SMC apoptosis were increased (P=0.0025). Bi/dil (mean age, 40. 6+/-15.7 years) were significantly younger than tri/dil (mean age, 56.4+/-12.8 years) undergoing the same operation (P=0.0123).Premature medial layer SMC apoptosis could be part of a genetic program underlying aortic disease in patients with aortic valve malformations.
Raising the dead: war, reparation, and the politics of memory
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (1995)

All societies attach a different range of meanings to war than to natural disasters, and questions of societal recognition, reparation, and justice are generally central. Most modern conflict has been grounded in the use of terror to control and silence whole populations. Those abusing power typically refuse to acknowledge their dead victims, as if they had never existed and were mere wraiths in the memories of those left behind. This denial, and the impunity of those who maintain it, must be challenged if survivors are to make sense of their losses and the social fabric is to mend. For the names and fate of the dead to be properly lodged in the public record of their times also illuminates the costs that may flow from the philosophies and practices of the Western led world order, ones which health workers should be in a position to influence.
ABC of Dermatology: Bacterial infection
Authors: P K Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1988)

BACTERIAL INFECTIONThe process ofinfection involves the interaction oftwo organisms-host and invader.The clinical changes are a manifestation ofthe resulting "battle Rubor-erythema ofthe cells" as so clearly perceived by Metchnikoff 100 years ago.The Tumor-swelling and oedema lesions produced may have a well recognised appearance, such as impetigo Calor-heat or warmth or tinea cruris, but are often less specific. Dolor-painorwandrdomfrthSeveral features enable us to recognise that infection is a possible cause of Dolor-pain and discomfort the patient's condition.Acute bacterial infections produce the classical characteristics ofacute inflammation described by Celsus (see box).
The Woodbridge Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: J. L. Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Toledo, Ohio, July 14, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One extremely warm day I found upstairs in a one and a half story house a poorly nourished young unmarried woman, with a temperature of 105 degrees. The temperature of the air in the room was unbearable to me. I had her removed to a room on the ground floor, and thought her trouble due to the intolerable heat to which she had been exposed almost constantly for several days. She soon became delirious which was followed in a few hours by a comatose condition which lasted three days. The conditions surrounding the patient and the unusually rapid overpowering of the nervous system so masked the real disease that neither the physician who saw her in consultation nor myself diagnosed typhoid fever until the unconsciousness had passed away. Four other persons, two in the same house, and two in the house adjoining
In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Heparin on Cryofibrinogen
Authors: Diane M. Komp, Milton H. Donaldson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE plasma of patients with a variety of pathologic conditions1 2 3 4 has been shown to form gelatinous precipitates at 4°C that have been designated "cryofibrinogens" if no cold precipitate is present in serum. Similar cold precipitates have been demonstrated in the plasma of endotoxin-treated rabbits by the addition of heparin.5 Clinically prohibitive doses of heparin were demonstrated by Heinrich et al.6 to prevent cryofibrinogen formation.Cryofibrinogens have been demonstrated in many conditions with disseminated intravascular coagulation.7 8 9 Heparin and hypothermia have been shown to be useful in the treatment of shock present with disseminated intravascular coagulation.10 , 11 In vitro experience suggests that heparin . . .