tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of fatty acid modification on prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells.
Authors: A A Spector, J C Hoak, G L Fry, G M Denning, L L Stoll, J B Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have investigated whether changes in cellular fatty acid saturation can influence prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. As compared to control cells, those enriched with linoleic acid released 60--75% less PGI2 in response to thrombin or the calcium ionophore A23187. A similar but considerably smaller effect was observed when the cells were enriched with oleic or linolenic acid, but no reduction occurred with palmitic or linoelaidic acids. Some reduction in PGI2 release was noted as early as 1 h after exposure to linoleic acid. When the culture medium was supplemented with linoleic acid, the cell phospholipids contained four to five times more linoleate and 25--40% less arachidonate. These changes were most marked in the choline and serine plus inositol phosphoglyceride fractions. When the fatty acid composition of the cells enriched with linoleic acid was allowed to revert, there was a progressive increase in the capacity of the cells to release PGI2 in response to thrombin. The increase correlated with a reduction in linoleate content of the cell lipids, but there was no change in arachidonate content. This suggests that linoleic acid may act as an inhibitor of PGI2 production. The cultured endothelial cells were also able to produce PGI2 directly from added arachidonic acid. As the arachidonic acid concentration of the medium was raised, PGI2 formation by the linoleate-enriched cells increased relative to control cells, suggesting that the inhibition produced by linoleic acid may be competitive.
P23 UNIQUE JUNCTIONAL MOLECULAR EXPRESSION IN HEPATIC SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM: IMPLICATIONS FOR LYMPHOCYTE RECRUITMENT
Authors: D.A. Patten, C.J. Weston, H. Dawes, G.K. Wilson, D.H. Adams, S. Shetty
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
France tightens up controls on foreign doctors
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The French government is planning new laws to stop the influx of “foreign doctors” (medecins etrangers) into the country and to ban those already working from taking private patients. Nearly 8000 of the 180 000 doctors in France are foreign doctors; they may, however, be French nationals - the term applies only to where they got their degree. Many of them qualified in north Africa and the Middle East, and more than half of them have acquired French nationality.

Such doctors do not have the same rights as French …
The advantages of solitude
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Pascal once said that all the misfortunes of the world arose from our ignorance of how to stay quietly in a room; and certainly these days people seem more than ever in need of ceaseless stimulation, more or less as balloons need air to keep them inflated.

But this complaint is not a new one; it was made by Johann Georg Zimmermann in the middle of the 18th century, for example. His book on the advantages of solitude went through many editions; indeed it has never been out of print long for a quarter of a millennium.

Zimmermann (1728-95) was a Swiss doctor who became physician to George III, but only at Hanover. …
The Rise and Fall of Malaria in Europe: A Historico-Epidemiological Study
Authors: Yezid Gutierrez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In this book, the authors examine the historical evidence for the introduction of malaria into Europe (three chapters) and detail the historical epidemiology by country or groups of countries (13 chapters). They provide an extensive bibliography of 730 references and a well-chosen iconography comprising 87 pictures in 48 plates with detailed explanations. Both authors are well-known experts on malaria who have done extensive work with the World Health Organization in Europe and less-developed countries. The information in the book cuts into the most basic biology of the parasite, the vector, and human ecology. The book has several maps, some with the distribution of European Anophelinae. There are good tables with data on cases of malaria and mortality in each country, usually from the early 1940s up to and after 1975, when the continent was declared malaria free. The eradication efforts by each country are well described and examined, with emphasis
Abstract B58: Implementation of a synthetic reagent to mimic chromatin provides a chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative control
Authors: John M. Rosenfeld, Zirong Li, Konstantin Taganov, Tracy Cooke, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Alejandra Solache
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is an analytical method used to investigate interaction of proteins with specific genomic DNA regions in vivo to provide a better understanding of mechanisms of gene regulation, DNA replication and DNA repair. However, variations in the efficiency of immunoprecipitation, background signals from carryover in immunoprecipitation, variability between chromatin preps, and loss of material during immunoprecipitation and purification of the ChIP DNA are sources of variability that restrict the use of ChIP as a quantitative tool. To address these limitations, we have developed a simple spike-in control that enables labs to generate results that are more consistent and more quantitative. The approach we have developed uses a synthetic peptide-DNA reagent that is spiked into chromatin immunoprecipitation reactions. Because this reagent mimics the behavior of cross-linked chromatin and can be quantitatively recovered by immunoprecipitation, it can be readily incorporated in to virtually any ChIP protocol. To utilize this internal control, a fixed amount of the synthetic peptide-DNA complex is spiked into the chromatin and co-ChIPed simultaneously with the antibody of interest. The recovered synthetic DNA is then used to normalize the results obtained with the antibody of interest. This spike-in control can be designed using a peptide specific to the ChIP antibody of interest and recovered using a single antibody. Alternatively, a universal spike-in control can be designed using a peptide that is recognized by an epitope tag antibody. This universal spike-in control and epitope tagged antibody are used along with the antibody of interest in a standard ChIP reaction. Our data show that the inclusion of our internal control significantly reduces variability between ChIP assays, thus increasing the accuracy of the ChIP data. Because of the universal feature, this method can also be used to compare ChIP data between different antibodies or to normalize data variations that often result between users and multiple experiments. Furthermore, experiments are underway to confirm that such a spike in control can be incorporated upstream of chromatin preparation, and is capable of being adapted for NGS library construction to aid in normalization between chromatin NGS experiments. Citation Format: John M. Rosenfeld, Zirong Li, Konstantin Taganov, Tracy Cooke, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Alejandra Solache. Implementation of a synthetic reagent to mimic chromatin provides a chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative control. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B58.
Iatrogenic Splenic Trauma
Authors: George Kleinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  I have been recently required through consultations to perform splenectomies on two patients who had undergone needle treatments of the left lower lateral thoracic region. In the first instance thoracentesis had been attempted, and, in the second case, a left kidney biopsy had been done. In both cases, numerous passes of the needle had been made. On both occasions, the patient reported acute onset of left lateral thoracoabdominal pain immediately after the procedure, and in both cases, a slow but substantial decline in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels ensued. At laparotomy, splenic lacerations were found, with hemoperitoneum in one patient, and a huge subcapsular and pericapsular hematoma was found in the other.  I had not heretofore encountered this complication. I recommend to interested clinicians that whenever needle insertions of the left lower thoracic region, ie, thoracentesis or renal biopsy, are followed by serious pain, especially where the needle
Recommendations Seek to Prevent Pressure Sores
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

PREVENTING pressure ulcers is "low-tech" health care in an increasingly "high-tech" world where the risk of this malady is rising. So says Nancy Bergstrom, RN, PhD, chair of a private-expert panel advising a government agency that has just issued a series of recommendations for preventing pressure sores. She is professor of nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha. <h3>More at Risk</h3> Bergstrom notes that, as technological advances prolong the lives of older people and save the lives of trauma victims, the number of those who are at greatest risk of developing pressure ulcers increases. The 13-member panel of physicians with special interests in dermatology, family practice, and geriatrics; nurse practitioners; educators; researchers; and an occupational therapist was called by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The agency is the newest component of the Public Health Service and it called the panel specifically to prepare guidelines for physicians, nurses,
Betel quid chewing is responsible for half of oral cancer cases in India, finds study
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Eliminating consumption of betel quids in India could halve the country’s burden of oral cancer, preventing more than 37 000 cases a year, a study has concluded.1

Oral cancers account for the highest cancer related mortality among men aged 30-69 in India.2 Chewing of the betel quid (often referred to as “paan”) is fairly common; the quid is usually made up of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime, and often tobacco, which are placed in a betel leaf and folded into the characteristic triangular shape. Chewing paan releases carcinogenic nitrosamines from the areca nut that can cause pre-neoplastic changes.3

To quantify the cancer risk of betel quid …
Shock and Law
Authors: Jonathan S. Reiner, Allen J. Solomon, Richard J. Katz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

a fire erupted in a large retail store and no attempt was made by the employees to quench the still small fire because fire extinguisher use was restricted to trained firefighters only?Or, some state laws protected only fire department-trained responders from potential liability?Or, owning a fire extinguisher brought with it a concomitant requirement for fire department supervision?And what if every state had a different law?Although these scenarios seem preposterous, they do accurately reflect the current environment in the United States for automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Despite the intuitive design of modern AEDs, and the clear relationship between sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survival and time to defibrillation, AEDs are not extensively disseminated in public places.In this report, we describe how disparate state laws impede AED adoption, and we present a blueprint for a national legislative initiative to facilitate widely accessible public access defibrillation.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on blood pressure: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: R. Harvey, A. Lane, L. Murray, I. Harvey, P. Nair, J. Donovan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Influenza remains an important global threat and it is important to identify key mechanisms by which the immune system handles the virus. TNFR family members can play a crucial role in determining the magnitude of T cell response against viral infections. Previous studies using TCR transgenic models showed that GITR, an NF-κB activating TNFR family member, is required on CD8 T cells for maximal response against influenza virus. However, it remains unknown how GITR affects the endogenous T cell response during influenza infection. Using competitive mixed bone marrow chimeras, we found that GITR is intrinsically required for the accumulation of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells in the lung and secondary lymphoid organs during influenza infection as well as for optimal lung Trm formation. GITR affected PA<sub>224–233</sub>-specific CD8 T cells more dramatically than NP<sub>366–374</sub>-specific CD8 T cells, which exhibited a compensatory increase in TCR affinity in the absence of GITR. GITRL expression was higher on inflammatory APCs compared to classical DCs with peak expression day 3 to day 5 post-infection in the lung. We observed peak GITR expression on CD4 T cells day 7 post-infection in the lung but earlier for CD8 T cells. The finding that both the receptor and the ligand are expressed in the lung raises the possibility that GITR costimulation plays an important role in the lung. Consistently, within the same mouse, lung GITR<sup>+/+</sup>OT-II had a higher level of pS6 (downstream of GITR signaling) than GITR<sup>−/−</sup> OT-II, providing evidence of GITR costimulation (signal 4) in the lung. In sum, GITR on CD4 and CD8 T cells plays an important role in their accumulation in the lung, likely through interaction with GITRL on inflammatory rather than classical DCs. <i>Funded by CIHR:MOP133443</i>
Mucosal T-lymphocytes in central airways of lung transplant recipients.
Authors: M Fournier, J Igual, O Groussard, H Mal, C Sleiman, J P Duchatelle, O Raffy, G Jebrak, C Luzerne-Zedda, B Andreassian
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The immunohistochemical profile of mucosal lymphocytes was investigated in the central airways of lung transplant recipients. Bronchial and transbronchial biopsies (BB and TBB, respectively) and bronchoalveolar lavage for culture of bacteria and viruses were performed during a fibroscopic procedure in patients without evidence of chronic rejection, 3 to 10 mo after surgery. Analysis was restricted to samples without concurrent airway infection: 23 pairs of BB and TBB from 18 transplant recipients were analyzed. An immunohistochemical technique was used to identify and score mucosal cells that reacted with monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, CD45-Ro (memory T-cells), and HLA-DR molecules. The same procedure was applied in nine nonsmoking control subjects (NS group). Data from transplant recipients were allocated to R+ (n = 11) or R- groups (n = 12), depending on the presence or absence of histologic evidence of acute rejection on TBB. A statistically significant depletion of every immunoreactive cell subset was observed in the R+ and the R- groups, but not in the NS group. Conversely, no significant difference for either score of immunoreactive cells were found between R+ and R- groups. The immunosuppressive regimen is suspected to play to play a major role in this depletion of bronchial mucosal T-cells. The acute lung rejection process does not appear to affect concurrently the immunohistochemical profile of immunoreactive cells in the bronchial mucosa.
Regulation of endothelial cell cyclic nucleotide metabolism by prostacyclin.
Authors: N K Hopkins, R R Gorman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

An analysis of prostaglandin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed prostacyclin (PGI2) to be the most potent agonist followed by prostaglandin (PG)H2, which was more potent than PGE2, while PGD2 was essentially inactive. The endothelial cells studied apparently have a high rate of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity because significant PGI2-mediated increases in cyclic AMP could not be shown in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (MIX). Endoperoxide PGH2-stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation was inhibited 75--80% by the prostacyclin synthetase inhibitors 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid or 9,11-azoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid. These data indicate that the PGH2-stimulation is due primarily to conversion to PGI2. The beta-adrenergic agonist L-isoproterenol stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the endothelial cells. This accumulation was completely blocked by propranolol. However, stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by the beta-adrenergic agent did not equal that induced by PGI2. Furthermore, the PGI2 response could not be blocked by propranolol. Thrombin-stimulated PGI2 biosynthesis was attenuated by PGE1 or isoproterenol in the presence of MIX. MIX alone was less effective than a combination of PGE1 or isoproterenol plus MIX. These data suggest two potential effects of PGI2 biosynthesis by endothelial cells: first, the PGI2 can elevate cyclic AMP in platelets, and second, endothelial cell cyclic AMP can be elevated as well, so that subsequent PGI2 synthesis will be attenuated.
Clinical Evaluation of Closed Urinary Drainage Systems
Authors: Zachary Finkelberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Eight urinary drainage systems were studied in a general hospital for efficacy in preventing contamination of bladder urine and nursing acceptance. Problems encountered with delayed flow, urinary retention, maintenance of proper position, breakage, loss of parts, and poor nursing acceptance proved to be of paramount importance. Many mechanical devices are being placed on the market prior to careful clinical evaluation. Field testing by the manufacturers of most of the systems studied here has led to extensive improvements. Thus, these findings do not necessarily apply to the new models. It is urged that claims made for them be reviewed by independent bodies and that these findings, as well as relative cost, be made known to potential users. Competition among suppliers, stimulated by high standards of hospitals, should lead to development of improved drainage systems.
Comparative Effects of Antacids, Cimetidine and Enteric Coating on the Therapeutic Response to Oral Enzymes in Severe Pancreatic Insufficiency
Authors: Patrick T. Regan, Juan-R. Malagelada, Eugene P. DiMagno, Scotty L. Glanzman, Vay Liang W. Go
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To provide a rational basis for pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, we evaluated, in six patients with advanced pancreatic insufficiency, the effects of various treatment regimens on fecal fat and nitrogen balance and on duodenal recovery of ingested pancreatic enzymes after a solid test meal. The combination of cimetidine (an H2-receptor antagonist) and pancreatin, each given by mouth, produced significantly higher postprandial duodenal recoveries and concentrations of trypsin and lipase (P<0.05). Steatorrhea was reduced in all patients and abolished in four of the six. In the dosages used, neither entericcoated enzymes nor supplemental neutralizing antacids were more effective than pancreatin alone in decreasing steatorrhea or improving duodenal enzyme delivery. Cimetidine may be a useful adjunct to oral pancreatic extract therapy in some patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency who fail to respond to pancreatic enzyme replacement alone. (N Engl J Med 297:854–858, 1977)
Findings on Youth Injuries Bolster Case for Helmet Use by All Motorcycle Riders
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pituitary "Stone" An Unusual Calcification
Authors: Stephen P. Glasser
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Calcification in the pituitary-hypothalamic area usually arouses the suspicion of a craniopharyngioma. This is the commonest pituitary tumor and almost all have some calcified areas within them.<sup>1</sup>An unusual type of pituitary calcification has been referred to as a "pituitary stone" because of its shape and position.<sup>2</sup> Our report describes a patient with this rare lesion. Extensive endocrine studies included growth hormone measurements, since abnormalities of growth hormone are frequently one of the earliest findings in impaired pituitary function.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 56-year-old white woman had noticed a small hard lump in the central area of her forehead for several years. She sought medical advice since the lump had slowly increased in size. Clinical and x-ray examination revealed it to be an osteoma. She was otherwise asymptomatic. Skull x-ray films also revealed a small area of calcification in the pituitary fossa (Fig
Targeting Wild-Type and Mutant p53 with Small Molecule CP-31398 Blocks the Growth of Rhabdomyosarcoma by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Jianmin Xu, Laura Timares, Clay Heilpern, Zhiping Weng, Changzhao Li, Hui Xu, Joseph G. Pressey, Craig A. Elmets, Levy Kopelovich, Mohammad Athar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood in need of more effective therapeutic options. The expression of p53 in RMS is heterogeneous such that some tumors are wild-type whereas others are p53 mutant. The small molecule CP-31398 modulates both the wild-type and the mutant p53 proteins. Here, we show that CP-31398 blocks the growth of RMS cells that have either wild-type or mutant p53 status. In wild-type A204 cells, CP-31398 increased the expression of p53 and its downstream transcriptional targets, p21 and mdm2; enhanced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins; and reduced proliferation biomarkers. Flow profiling of CP-31398–treated cells indicated an enhancement in sub-G0 and G1 populations. CP-31398 inhibited proliferation in a manner associated with co-induction of SOX9 and p21. Apoptosis induced by CP-31398 occurred with translocation of p53 to mitochondria, leading to altered mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and reactive oxygen species release. In vivo, CP-31398 decreased the growth of tumor xenografts composed of wild-type or mutant p53 tumor cells, increasing tumor-free host survival. Our findings indicate that the ability of CP-31398 to modulate wild-type and mutant p53 results in the inhibition of RMS growth and invasiveness. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6566–76. ©2010 AACR.