tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombus Aspiration During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Improves Myocardial Reperfusion and Reduces Infarct Size
Authors: Gennaro Sardella, Massimo Mancone, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Luciano Agati, Raffaele Scardala, Iacopo Carbone, Marco Francone, Angelo Di Roma, Giulia Benedetti, Giulia Conti, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Abstract P126: Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables and Risk of Frailty
Authors: Esther García-Esquinas, LM León-Muñoz, Auxiliadora Graciani, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by reduced physiologic reserve, which is manifested by increased risk of falls, disability, institutionalization or death. No previous study has assessed he potential dose-response relationship between fruits and vegetables consumption and risk of frailty in older adults. Methods: This study included 2008 individuals aged ≥60 yrs from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort study. At baseline, food consumption was obtained with a validated diet history. According to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition, a portion of fruit was defined as 120-200 gr and a portion of vegetables as 150-200 gr. Participants were followed up during 3.5 years to assess incident frailty, which was defined as per the Fried criteria. Analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for dietary and non-dietary confounders. Results: During follow-up, 136 cases of incident frailty were ascertained. The multivariate odds ratios (95%CI) of frailty among those who consumed 0,...
The investigation of malignancy in unprovoked pulmonary embolism (PE): An audit of practice at a district general hospital
Authors: Amiera Awad, Vallari Shah, Sarah Brewster, Sapna Mawkin, David Morgan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: There is a significant association between the diagnosis of PE and malignancy. In 2012, NICE published guidelines recommending that all patients over 40 years diagnosed with unprovoked PE, should have investigations to identify underlying malignancy (full examination, bloods, chest x-ray & urinanalysis). If these were not suggestive of cancer, abdominal-pelvic imaging should be considered. The aim was to evaluate our current practice.  Methods: Retrospective analysis of all new diagnoses of PE from September 2011 to December 2011. Eligible patients were identified using coding databases.  Results: 67 patients with new PE were identified; 26 (38.8%) were unprovoked PE (11 male, 15 female). Mean age was 73 years (range 27-97). All patients had a chest x-ray and general examination. Only 1 male had a documented Per Rectal examination. Of the females, only 3 (20%) had a breast examination. 84% had a full set of blood tests performed. 11.1% had a documented urinanalysis. 38% had abdominal-pelvic imaging (30.7% CT and 7.6% USS). History taking with regards to risk factors for malignancy, was noted to be poor throughout.  Conclusion: The assessment and investigation of underlying malignancy are suboptimal and not in compliance with current NICE guidance. Our experience is likely to reflect that in other hospitals and by sharing our findings, we hope to encourage other teams to reflect on their local practise.  Setting up a dedicated PE service would ensure that all patients with PE undergo appropriate and timely investigations. Our trust is currently seeking approval in order to do this.
Inhibition of Spontaneous Transformation of Rat Embryo Cells Releasing Endogenous Type C Virus by Virus-Specific Antiserum23
Authors: Suraiya Rasheed, Howard Young, Murray B. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Inhibition of Spontaneous Transformation of Rat Embryo Cells Releasing Endogenous Type C Virus by Virus-Specific Antiserum Get access Suraiya Rasheed, Suraiya Rasheed 4Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90033. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard Young, Howard Young 5Laboratory of Tumor Virus Genetics, Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Murray B. Gardner Murray B. Gardner 4Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90033. 6We thank Dr. H. Charman and Dr. R. V. Gilden for providing RaLV antiserum; Mrs. J. Bruszewski, Mrs. J. Conklin, and Mr. J. Vere, Jr., for excellent technical assistance; and Miss A. Dawson for preparation of the manuscript. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 63, Issue 3, September 1979, Pages 745–750, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/63.3.745 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 28 September 1978 Accepted: 02 March 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
US rejects biological weapons convention protocol.
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

An interagency team of the Bush administration drawn from the State Department, the Pentagon, the Commerce Department, the Energy Department, and intelligence agencies has completed a critical review of the enforcement protocol of the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.

The convention, banning the use of biological weapons, was ratified by 143 nations but lacked means of ensuring compliance.

The interagency team reportedly found 38 problems with the protocol, a handful of them serious. It has unanimously concluded that the current …
Epidural Anaesthesia and Urinary Dysfunction: The Risks in Total Hip Replacement
Authors: A Williams, N Price, K Willett
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1995)

Epidural anaesthesia in total hip replacement is an established and safe practice. It may be used alone or in combination with general anaesthesia for analgesia. Urethral catheterization in the perioperative period is known to greatly increase the complication of deep sepsis following total hip replacement. We assessed the effect on the incidence of urinary catheterization of using bupivocaine epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia in total hip replacement. A prospective study was made of 113 total hip replacements. The incidence of catheterization in male patients who received an epidural was 67% compared to only 12% who had no epidural [P = 0.001]. In women the corresponding rates were 30% and 23%. We conclude that in men the use of supplementary epidural anaesthesia with bupivocaine is associated with a worrying increased need for urinary catheterization. This must be balanced against the claimed benefits of this form of anaesthesia.
Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions
Authors: Peter Carmeliet, Lieve Moons, Aernout Luttun, Valeria Vincenti, Veerle Compernolle, Maria De Mol, Yan Wu, Françoise Bono, Laetitia Devy, Heike Beck, Dimitri Scholz, Till Acker, Tina DiPalma, Mieke Dewerchin, Agnes Noel, Ingeborg Stalmans, Adriano Barra, Sylvia Blacher, Thierry Vandendriessche, Annica Ponten, Ulf Eriksson, Karl H. Plate, Jean-Michel Foidart, Wolfgang Schaper, D. Stephen Charnock-Jones, Daniel J. Hicklin, Jean-Marc Herbert, Désiré Collen, M. Graziella Persico
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
Meta-analysis of trials comparing standard antiemetic treatment (SAT) with aprepitant containing antiemetic regimens (ACAR) for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
Authors: Neha Gupta, Hassan Hatoum, Omar Al Ustwani, Pongwut Danchaivijitr, Katy Wang, Roberto Pili
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

171 Background: Various randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown improved outcomes with addition of aprepitant to standard antiemetic treatment (SAT) in preventing CINV. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the overall impact of ACAR in CINV prevention in adults. Methods: We searched Pubmed and Ovid databases, and American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings abstracts for RCTs using ACAR with SAT for CINV prevention in adult cancer patients (pts). Major study end points were complete response to treatment (CR; defined as no emesis and no use of rescue medications) in overall phase (OP; 0-120 hours of chemotherapy), acute phase (AP; 0-24 hours) and delayed phase (DP; 24-120 hours). Additionally, we assessed the control of nausea and toxicity profile (TP). Stouffer's Z-score method was used to calculate the overall effect. Results: 16 RCTs (5,547 pts) were included. 11 trials (3,314 pts) involved highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and 5 trials (2,233 pts) involved moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). ACAR increased CR in OP from 47% to 63% (OR=0.52, CI=0.46 to 0.58; p&lt;0.001), in AP from 73% to 81% (p&lt;0.01), and in DP from 51% to 66% (p&lt;0.001). Significant increase in nausea control was seen in DP (p=0.03) but not in OP or AP. Incidence of various toxicities was statistically similar in both groups except slightly higher rate of fatigue (p=0.02) and hiccups (p&lt;0.001), and lower rate of neutropenia (p=0.02) in ACAR. Conclusions: ACAR is effective in CINV due to both HEC and MEC in adult cancer pts. ACAR improves the control of emesis in all phases, and nausea in delayed phase only. With the exception of causing more fatigue &amp; hiccups, and lesser neutropenia, overall TP of ACAR is similar to SAT.
Abstract 11309: Epicardial Fat is Associated with Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)
Authors: Michael Brener, Matthew Budoff, Lisa Jacobson, Xiuhong Li, Panteha Rezaeian, Aryabod Razipour, Frank Palella, Lawrence A Kingsley, Mallory Witt, Richard T George, Todd Brown, Adrian Dobs, Richey Sharrett, Wendy S Post
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Aims. Cytokines released by epicardial fat are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that HIV infection is associated with increased epicardial fat and is associated wi...
Relationships between elevated cardiac troponin levels in COPD exacerbations and subsequent cardiac investigation and management
Authors: Padman R. Vamadevan, Andrew W. Hitchings, Dana Ahnood, Tejwant S. Grewal, Emma H. Baker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Admission cardiac troponins (cTn) are elevated in 18-27% patients with COPD exacerbations (BMC Pulm Med 2009;9:35). Clinicians often attribute this rise to co-existing inflammation, anaemia or renal impairment. However, elevated cTn is associated with a significantly increased 30-day post-admission mortality independently of these factors, and its presence indicates underlying myocardial injury. We determined proportions of patients undergoing cardiac investigation and receiving cardioprotective treatment following an exacerbation-related cardiac troponin I (cTnI) rise.   Methods:  237 COPD patients (127 male, 73±11yrs) admitted with exacerbations between July 2008-9, and with a measured cTnI within 24h of admission were retrospectively identified. Clinical information was retrieved using the electronic patient record.   Results:  Admission cTnI was “undetectable” (U,  0.05μg/L) in 26% of patients.   Conclusions:  cTnI elevation is not specific for coronary thrombosis, and rises in exacerbations may reflect demand ischaemia, direct cardiac damage, or myocardial strain. No guidelines exist regarding the optimal management of such patients. However, given their increased risk of early mortality, further cardiac investigation to reveal underlying mechanisms of cTnI release may enable appropriate therapeutic targeting and improve outcomes.
A memorable patient: A surgical mishap
Authors: D N Baron
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Vocational training schemes, specialist registrar training programmes, and continuing professional development all require new thinking to meet the reasonable demands of elderly patients.The energy that has gone into defining the skills required of preregistration house officers has not yet been applied to those of us further on in our careers. 6Postgraduate deans are silent on the matter.But why not require all general practitioners and hospital specialists (except the paediatricians) to have six months' experience in health care for elderly people?Mandatory attachments would not be sufficient to reduce the ageism and negativity of some doctors, but they would help many doctors to improve their history taking, examination, and management skills to a safe level.A meeting in May 1999 on global perspectives in healthcare and clinical training, jointly organised by the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, discussed topics as diverse as molecular medicine, hepatocellular carcinoma, and herbal medicine.Ageing was never mentioned.The blindness of our royal colleges, our medical schools, and our postgraduate deaneries must be challenged.Globalisation of health care has resulted in doctors and nurses trained in one country seeking, and finding, work in another.The "needs based" undergraduate and postgraduate curriculums in developing countries do not include study of health care for older people.In many of these countries, substantially more doctors and nurses are trained than are required for local needs or can be afforded.The human resource potential currently lost to individuals and society might be captured by reorientation of our educational programmes and a deliberate policy of training for export.The potential for asset stripping of poorer countries to supply the needs of industrialised ones remains a dilemma.
Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia following safe exposure to etoposide.
Authors: K C Stine, R L Saylors, J R Sawyer, D L Becton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

To present two patients as illustrations of the risk of developing secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (sAML) when theoretically safe doses of etoposide (VP-16) are used.Patient no. 1 was a 15-year-old white girl diagnosed with stage IIa Hodgkin's disease. She was treated with a combination of vincristine, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and VP-16 (2 g/m2 total) over 4 months, followed by 25.5 Gy of involved-field radiotherapy. Patient no. 2 was an 11-year-old white boy diagnosed with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS). He was treated with VP-16 intravenously (IV) and orally (0.3 g and 2.8 g/m2, respectively).Patient no. 1 developed AML 16 months from the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Patient no. 2 developed AML 26 months from diagnosis. Both bone marrows were consistent with French-American-British (FAB) M4 disease. Both patients had abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 11.The use of low-dose or oral VP-16 can be associated with the development of sAML. Clinicians should be cautious in the use of VP-16 in low-risk diseases.
Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Proteins Promote Stemness Properties in Glioblastoma
Authors: Liliana Soroceanu, Lisa Matlaf, Sabeena Khan, Armin Akhavan, Eric Singer, Vladimir Bezrookove, Stacy Decker, Saleena Ghanny, Piotr Hadaczek, Henrik Bengtsson, John Ohlfest, Maria-Gloria Luciani-Torres, Lualhati Harkins, Arie Perry, Hong Guo, Patricia Soteropoulos, Charles S. Cobbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human brain tumor. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) proteins that are endogenously expressed in GBM cells are strong viral transactivators with oncogenic properties. Here, we show how HCMV IEs are preferentially expressed in glioma stem–like cells (GSC), where they colocalize with the other GBM stemness markers, CD133, Nestin, and Sox2. In patient-derived GSCs that are endogenously infected with HCMV, attenuating IE expression by an RNAi-based strategy was sufficient to inhibit tumorsphere formation, Sox2 expression, cell-cycle progression, and cell survival. Conversely, HCMV infection of HMCV-negative GSCs elicited robust self-renewal and proliferation of cells that could be partially reversed by IE attenuation. In HCMV-positive GSCs, IE attenuation induced a molecular program characterized by enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers and proinflammatory cytokines, resembling the therapeutically resistant GBM phenotype. Mechanistically, HCMV/IE regulation of Sox2 occurred via inhibition of miR-145, a negative regulator of Sox2 protein expression. In a spontaneous mouse model of glioma, ectopic expression of the IE1 gene (UL123) specifically increased Sox2 and Nestin levels in the IE1-positive tumors, upregulating stemness and proliferation markers in vivo. Similarly, human GSCs infected with the HCMV strain Towne but not the IE1-deficient strain CR208 showed enhanced growth as tumorspheres and intracranial tumor xenografts, compared with mock-infected human GSCs. Overall, our findings offer new mechanistic insights into how HCMV/IE control stemness properties in GBM cells. Cancer Res; 75(15); 3065–76. ©2015 AACR.
Feasibility of Four Consecutive High-Dose Chemotherapy Cycles With Stem-Cell Rescue for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Medulloblastoma or Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor After Craniospinal Radiotherapy: Results of a Collaborative Study
Authors: Douglas Strother, David Ashley, Stewart J. Kellie, Akta Patel, Dana Jones-Wallace, Stephen Thompson, Richard Heideman, Ely Benaim, Robert Krance, Laura Bowman, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the feasibility and safety of delivering four consecutive cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and vincristine, each followed by stem-cell rescue, every 4 weeks, after completion of risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation to children with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients, 19 with high-risk disease and 34 with average-risk disease, were enrolled onto this study. After surgical resection, high-risk patients were treated with topotecan in a 6-week phase II window followed by craniospinal radiation therapy and four cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide (4,000 mg/m 2 per cycle), with cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 per cycle), and vincristine (two 1.5-mg/m 2 doses per cycle). Support with peripheral blood stem cells or bone marrow and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered after each cycle of high-dose chemotherapy. Treatment of average-risk patients consisted of surgical resection and craniospinal irradiation, followed by the same chemotherapy given to patients with high-risk disease. The expected duration of the chemotherapy was 16 weeks, with a cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of 16,000 mg/m 2 and a planned dose-intensity of 1,000 mg/m 2 /wk. RESULTS: Fifty of the 53 patients commenced high-dose chemotherapy, and 49 patients completed all four cycles. The median length of chemotherapy cycles one through four was 28, 27, 29, and 28 days, respectively. Engraftment occurred at a median of 14 to 15 days after infusion of stem cells or autologous bone marrow. The intended dose-intensity of cyclophosphamide was 1,000 mg/m 2 /wk; the median delivered dose-intensity was 1,014, 1,023, 974, and 991 mg/m 2 /wk for cycles 1 through 4, respectively; associated median relative dose-intensity was 101%, 102%, 97%, and 99%. No deaths were attributable to the toxic effects of high-dose chemotherapy. Early outcome analysis indicates a 2-year progression-free survival of 93.6% ± 4.7% for the average-risk patients. For the high-risk patients, the 2-year progression-free survival is 73.7% ± 10.5% from the start of therapy and 84.2% ± 8.6% from the start of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Administering four consecutive cycles of high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell support after surgical resection and craniospinal irradiation is feasible in newly diagnosed patients with medulloblastoma/supratentorial PNET with aggressive supportive care. The early outcome results of this approach are very encouraging.
Implication of interleukin-10 in the development of COPD induced by cigarette smoke exposure in mice
Authors: Gaëlle Rémy, Teddy Grandjean, Gwenola Kervoaze, Muriel Pichavant, Mathias Chamaillard, Philippe Gosset
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Regulatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), is essential to limit inflammation through the control of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the adaptative immunity. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways leading to emphysema. In this disorder, it was shown that some COPD patients present a polymorphism of the Il10 – gene. This is associated with an altered secretion of IL-10 and correlated with a decline of lung function.

Objectives: Our aim was to define the role of the IL-10 during the development of COPD, based on a mouse model of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS).

Methods: Balb/c wild type or IL-10-/- mice were daily exposed to CS. After 4 to 8 weeks of CS exposure, lung function was evaluated. Inflammation, cell recruitment, cytokine secretion and gene expression were analysed.

Results: In WT mice, CS exposure induced lung inflammation, lung function changes and triggered the production of pulmonary IL-10. IL-10-deficient mice exposed to CS showed a higher recruitment of neutrophils and NKT cells, and a more altered decline in lung function compared to WT mice and to air-exposed IL-10-/- mice. Interestingly, pulmonary inflammation and lung function alteration appeared earlier in IL-10-/- mice. This was associated in the lungs with an increased production of IL-17 and MMP12, a metalloprotease known to be involved in pulmonary emphysema in COPD.

Conclusion: These results suggest a protective role for IL-10 in COPD due to CS exposure. The cell sources of IL-10 and the mechanisms by which it controls the disease, remain to be determined.