tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of silent brain metastasis (BM) in the initial staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
Authors: L. Marizell PariEspinoza, Daniel Huertas Almela, Susana Padrones Sanchez, Samantha Aso González, Antoni Rosell Gratacόs, J. Ignacio Martínez Ballarín, Jordi Dorca Sargatal, Nuria González Calzada
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Positron emission tomography (PET) can detect up to 15% of distant metastases in lung cancer, but it has a low sensibility in detecting BM.Guidelines recommend performing MRI only if there are neurological symptoms (NS). Our aim was to assess the role of MRI in detecting silent BM in the initial staging of NSCLC.   Material and methods:  Retrospective analysis of new cases of NSCLC without distant metastasis by PET.MRI was performed in all of NSCLC patients as initial work up,except those in stage IV.   Results:  MRI was made in 95 patients with NSCLC.39%,40% and 21% had squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and other histology respectively.  20%, 21% and 59% were stage I, II and III respectively.BM were diagnosed by MRI in 11,6% (11/95) of the patients,and six of them (6/95, 6.35%), did not present NS.A stratified binary logistic regression analysis showed that there were not any clinical variable associated with the presence of silent BM in the asymptomatic subgroup, whereas central tumours (p=0,005) and ADK (p=0,01) were associated to BM in patients with NS. In both subgroups; staging, SUVm, tumour size and lymph nodes were not statistically indicative of BM.   Conclusions:  Prevalence of silent BM at initial staging was 6.35%. Neither clinical nor radiological variables could predict silent BM. We concluded MRI is justified as a routine procedure in NSCLC patients without BM in the PET. Partially funded by SOCAP.
Quantitative Study of Liver Metastases From Colon Cancer in Rats After Treatment With Cyclosporine A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Josiane van der Elst, Jacques De Greve, Frank Geerts, Wilfrled De Neve, Guy Storme, Gerard Willems
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Liver metastases were produced in syngeneic BD IX rats by intraportal injection of colon cancer cell aggregates. The cells originated from the DHD/K12 cell line, derived from a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (CAS: 540-73-8)-induced colon adenocarcinoma in BD IX rats. The animals received either cyclosporine A (CSA) or the excipients alone (control) through daily gastric intubation during 6 weeks. Multiple and very large hepatic metastases were observed early in 100% of the CSA-treated rats. The mean tumor volume was approximately 2,000 times higher in the CSA-treated group than in the controls (P less than .01). Survival time in the CSA-treated group was shortened (P less than .01) by generalized metastatic disease. Easy production of metastasis from colon cancer in 100% of the animals and precise estimation of tumor volume may prove useful for future therapeutic studies of secondary hepatic disease.
Thoracoscopic findings of undeterminate eosinophilic pleural effusion
Authors: Kostas Archontogeorgis, Stavros Anevlavis, Pavlos Zarogoulidis, Kailash Nath Gupta, Demosthenes Bouros, Marios Froudarakis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  An etiologic diagnosis cannot be established in 14% of eosinophilic pleural effusions, and these cases are referred as idiopathic. Yet, thoracoscopic diagnostic approach in this entity has never been studied. The aim of our study is to assess thoracoscopic findings in patients with undeterminate eosinophilic pleural effusion.   Methods:  We studied all patients with undeterminate eosinophilic pleural effusion during the last 4 years among 168 patients who underwent medical thoracoscopy for diagnosis. Pleural effusion was considered eosinophilic when contained more than 10% of eosinophils. Effusion was classified as idiopathic if no aetiology could be assigned during evaluation. All patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, 12 months.   Results:  Patients with undiagnosed eosinophilic effusion were 8 (4.5%). Pleural eosinophilic count ranged from 10% to 59%. Macroscopical examination of the pleura during medical thoracoscopy demonstrated diffuse thickening, associating to inflammation in six patients and scattered nodules in two. Microscopical examination of pleural biopsies evidenced non-specific inflammation with eosinophilic predominance in all of our patients. Specific diagnosis was not identified in all cases. None of the patients received any specific treatment during the follow-up period. No relapse of pleural effusion was recorded.   Conclusion:  Idiopathic eosinophilic pleural effusions are associated with nonspecific eosinophilic inflammation of the pleura. They usually follow a benign course with a resolution within a year without the administration of any specific therapy and a conservative approach with observational follow up is recommended.
Identification by FISH of 4 novel partner loci of <i>PRDM16</i> in myeloid malignancies
Authors: F. Duhoux, J. Libouton, K. Bahloula, G. Ameye, H. A. Poirel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

11037 Background: PRDM16 is a gene located on 1p36.32 that encodes for a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal PR domain. It has been shown to be involved in the reciprocal translocation t(1;3)(p36;q21) and more rarely the t(1;21)(p36;q22) which both occur in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML). These translocations result in the overexpression of a truncated version of the PRDM16 protein that lacks the PR domain. This overexpression might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS and AML in blocking myeloid differentiation. This raises the question whether PRDM16 is rearranged with other partner genes and whether its sequences play the most important role in the oncogenic process attributed to those translocations. Methods: We studied 35 myeloid malignancies, 12 lymphoid malignancies and 3 undifferentiated acute leukemias with 1p36 abnormalities by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) contig containing 50 BAC probes on 1p36. Results: In addition to the known t(1;3)(p36;q21) (11 cases) and t(1;21)(p36;q22) (1 case) involving RPN1 andAML1/RUNX1 respectively in myeloid malignancies, we specifically found PRDM16 to be rearranged in 4 additional translocations : a t(1;12)(p36;p13) in an AML-M4, a t(1;7)(p36;p12) in a MDS, an add(1)(p36) in an AML-M2 and a t(1;2)(p36;p12) in a relapsed AML-M4. We identified the respective candidate partner loci : TEL/ETV6, IKZF1, CDH4 and a non-coding unknown sequence. Conclusions: In our series of 50 cases of hematological malignancies with 1p36 abnormalities, PRDM16 was involved in about 45% of myeloid malignancies, and was never involved in lymphoid malignancies. PRDM16 is supposed to have similar oncogenic properties as MDS1/EVI-1(3q26), another gene encoding for a zinc finger protein and acting as a transcriptional regulatory factor with 2 isoforms. Interestingly, the shortest isoform of MDS/EVI-1, lacking the PR domain, is supposed to have an oncogenic effect due to its translocation-induced upregulation in AML. Further characterization of these new partner genes and functional studies should give us more insight into the pathogenesis of AML and MDS mediated by PRDM16, and the role of its partner genes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene in the Soil
Authors: L. M. Shabad, Y. L. Cohan, A. P. Ilnitsky, A. Ya. Khesina, N. P. Shcherbak, G. A. Smirnov
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

This report describes the content, distribution, and fate of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in the soil of various USSR regions. Enormous BP content has been found in the soil of an oil refinery. The benzene extracts from this soil caused skin cancer in treated mice. There is more BP in the old areas of large cities than in the new. BP is found everywhere, but the rural sections have less than the urban ones. The “background” level of BP is 1–3 µg/kg and not more than 10 µg/kg. The main source of soil contamination by BP is its sedimentation from air, particularly from aircraft exhausts. Its content decreases with the distance from the ejection source (industrial center, airfield) but may spread to 3–5 km. The redistribution of BP across soil layers is shown and its migration into plants confirmed. Seasonal variations of BP content in soil are established. After introduction into soil with tars, BP may be determined quantitatively. Eventually its quantity decreases and, at the doses applied, attains within a year “background” values. The main factor of BP destruction is the activity of soil bacteria.
Phase II study of topotecan in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously untreated with chemotherapy.
Authors: R Perez-Soler, F V Fossella, B S Glisson, J S Lee, W K Murphy, D M Shin, B L Kemp, J J Lee, J Kane, R A Robinson, S M Lippman, J M Kurie, M H Huber, M N Raber, W K Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE This study was designed to assess the anti-tumor activity of topotecan (TPT) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously untreated with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with measurable disease in nonradiated fields were eligible. Other eligibility criteria were Zubrod performance status (PS) &lt; or = 2 and adequate renal and liver function. TPT was administered at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2/d for 5 days over 30 minutes every 21 days. Of 48 registered patients, 40 were fully assessable. Nineteen patients had adenocarcinoma (AD), 14 squamous carcinoma (SCC), and seven poorly differentiated carcinoma. RESULTS Six patients (15%) achieved a partial remission (PR) (durations: 8, 14, 18, 28, 56, and 61 weeks) and four patients a minor response; 10 patients had stable disease and 20 patients progressive disease. The PR rate was 36% (five of 14 patients) in patients with SCC versus 4% (one of 26 patients) in those with other histologies (P = .014). The overall median survival time was 38 weeks and 30% of patients were alive at 1 year. Grade 3 to 4 granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred after 76% and 10% of courses administered, respectively. No grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities were observed. Grade 1 or 2 nonhematologic toxicities consisted of nausea (46% and 5%), vomiting (31% and 7%), and fatigue (53% and 16%). CONCLUSION TPT at the dose and schedule used has moderate antitumor activity in NSCLC; its activity is mostly limited to patients with SCC. TPT is well tolerated, with myelosuppression of short duration being the most common and limiting toxicity.
Linear congenital smooth muscle hamartoma with follicular spotted appearance
Authors: H-S. Jang, M-B. Kim, C-K. Oh, K-S. Kwon, T-A. Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma (CSMH) with follicular spotted appearance is a rare clinical variant of CMSH in which patients have marked perifollicular papules in the patches. A linear distribution of CSMH is also extremely rare. We report a 16‐year‐old Korean girl with this uncommon form of CSMH who had linearly arranged, hyperpigmented lesions with follicular papules extending from the right flank to the right lower leg from birth. Pathological findings, including immunohistochemical stains, were consistent with smooth muscle hamartoma. To date, there are only four reports on this rare, follicular form and one report on the linear form of CSMH in the literature. This paper describes the first combined occurrence of follicular spotted lesions and linear arrangement in CSMH.
CHIR-265 is a potent selective inhibitor of c-Raf/B-Raf/mutB-Raf that effectively inhibits proliferation and survival of cancer cell lines with Ras/Raf pathway mutations
Authors: Payman Amiri, Mina E. Aikawa, Jeff Dove, Darrin D. Stuart, Daniel Poon, Teresa Pick, Savithri Ramurthy, Sharadha Subramanian, Barry Levine, Abran Costales, Alex Harris, Renhow Paul
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4855   The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade is a very compelling pathway to disrupt in several cancer types because of its role as a vital mediator of cell proliferation, survival and other aspects of cellular behavior that contribute to the transformed phenotype. The Raf serine/threonine kinases are central to this signaling pathway and the fact that activating mutations often occur in B-Raf (melanoma, low-grade ovarian, papillary thyroid) underscores the importance of this target in cancer. CHIR-265 is an orally-bioavailable, selective, potent inhibitor of C-Raf, wild type B-Raf and mutant (V600E) B-Raf (IC 50  range from 3 to 60 nM). Concentrations of CHIR-265 that effectively block phosphorylation of Raf’s downstream substrates MEK and ERK in cells, also kill melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines harboring B-Raf mutations independent of PTEN mutation status. EC 50  values for p-ERK inhibition range from 140 to 300 nM in SK-MEL-28 (human melanoma,  mut  B-Raf  V600E , PTEN +, P53 -), Malme-3M (human melanoma,  mut  B-Raf  V600E , PTEN +, P53 wt), and A375M (human melanoma,  mut  B-Raf  V600E , PTEN -, P53 wt). Raf kinase inhibition by CHIR-265 in mutant B-Raf melanoma cell lines causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis, mimicking the effect of Raf RNAi in these cells. Additionally, CHIR-265 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR-2). Potent inhibition of phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and proliferation of VEGF-stimulated hMVEC (EC 50 = 30 &20 nM) indicate that CHIR-265 is a potent inhibitor of both Raf and the pro-angiogenic kinase, VEGFR. Consistent with its  in vitro  activity, CHIR-265 causes tumor regression and dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in B-Raf-driven human melanoma xenograft model. The demonstration that CHIR-265 is very effective ( in vitro  and  in vivo ) in inhibiting Raf enzymes, key kinases for cancer cell growth and survival, suggests that this compound is an excellent clinical candidate to treat Raf driven cancer such as malignant melanoma.
NMR EBC metabonomic to assess the nutricecutic effect in COPD. A pilot study of oral administration of a curcumin based herbal preparation
Authors: Guglielmo de Laurentiis, Giovanni Scapagnini, Deborah Paris, Dominique Melck, Mauro Maniscalco, Andrea Motta, Sofia Matteo, Andrea Bianco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  NMR metabonomic of EBC significantly divide healthy from COPD patients, identifying specific profiles linked to cellular oxidative pattern.Curcumin is a recognized anti-oxidant agent in biochemical cellular balance.As it is still unknown if the pattern recognized by NMR metabonomic spectroscopy in COPD is sensitive to exogenous nutrients, in this preliminary open label study we evaluated the effect of daily oral administration of an herbal preparation containing high dosage of curcumin (HPC) on EBC in COPD patients.   Materials and methods:  10 COPD (8 M, age 63.3±7.9) were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after 12 weeks (T1) of oral administration of HPC once a day collecting each visit EBC, clinical score (BSCN) and spirometry.   Results:  EBC collected from each patient (T0 and T1) were different in NMR spectra profiles and in comparison with spectra of a HPC. Notably, a completely different profile is observed in T1 patients, with many new resonances appearing. Moreover, 2 patients examined two months after T1 demonstrated EBC profiles similar to those at baseline.  Among clinical parameters BSCN score was 4.9±0.9 at T0 and 7.5±1.0 at T1, while FEV1 values resulted slightly but not significantly increased at T1.   Conclusions:  NMR metabonomic is a sensitive method to explore nutriceutic effects of exogenous antioxidant on EBC in patients affected by COPD.
Human tumor cell heterogeneity and metastasis.
Authors: E N Spremulli, D L Dexter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Heterogeneity within malignant neoplasms, although described for many years by pathologists, has only recently been extensively studied in the laboratory. It is now accepted that most tumors are composed of subpopulations of cells that differ in many phenotypic characteristics including the ability to form a metastasis. Cells with the capacity to metastasize are the ones most likely to prove lethal to the patient since clinicians can often control the primary neoplasm with surgery or radiotherapy. In this report the process of metastasis is discussed, those aspects of tumor cell heterogeneity that are relevant to this process are reviewed, intrapatient tumor heterogeneity is explored, and future preclinical studies are evaluated that may be useful in designing treatment strategies for patients with disseminated malignancies.
Relation Between Cancer and Congenital Defects: An Epidemiologic Evaluation
Authors: Robert W. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The extent to which childhood oncogenesis is accompanied by teratogenesis was evaluated. Among neoplasms with peaks in children under 5 years of age, leukemia was associated with certain inborn (or acquired) chromosomal abnormalities; glioma and medulloblastoma with certain phakomatoses; and Wilms' tumor, primary liver cancer, and adrenocortical neoplasia with congenital hemihypertrophy. Hemihypertrophy was, in turn, associated with two other forms of growth excess—hamartomas and congenital visceral cytomegaly. Neuroblastoma, unlike Wilms' tumor with which it shares a peak under 5 years of age and other characteristics suggestive of intrauterine origin, did not occur excessively with these growth excesses or any other congenital defects. Wilms' tumor was linked also with aniridia, independent of hemihypertrophy. Lack of a peak before 5 years of age did not signify lack of an association with congenital anomalies; there was an increased risk of lymphoma among persons with inherited immunologic disorders and of gonadoblastoma among persons with dysgenetic gonads. Among neoplasms not known to be related to congenital defects, Hodgkin's disease displayed an upturn in mortality at 11 years of age, which suggests a relationship to the involution of lymphatic tissue in children at 7 years, and the much higher risk of bone sarcoma in giant as compared with small breeds of dogs and in boys as compared with girls after adolescence suggests a relationship to rate of bone growth.
Randomized trial of three cisplatin dose schedules in squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Authors: P Bonomi, J A Blessing, F B Stehman, P J DiSaia, L Walton, F J Major
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

The Gynecologic Oncology Group has conducted a randomized prospective trial comparing cisplatin 50 mg/m2 every 21 days (regimen 1), 100 mg/m2 every 21 days (regimen 2), and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 for five consecutive days repeated every 21 days (regimen 3). Four hundred ninety-seven evaluable patients have been accrued on this study. The response rates were 20.7%, 31.4%, and 25.0%, for regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively; the complete remission rates were 10.0%, 12.7%, and 8.6% for regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median duration of response ranged from 3.9 to 4.8 months, the median progression-free interval from 3.7 to 4.6 months, and the median survival time from 6.1 to 7.1 months. The difference in response rates for regimens 1 and 2 is statistically significant (P = .015) but less than the magnitude originally considered clinically significant. The differences in complete remission rates, response duration, progression-free interval, and survival times are not statistically significant. The following types of toxicity were observed: serum creatinine level greater than 2 mg/dL and/or BUN level greater than 40 mg/dL was 7%, 14%, and 17% on regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively; leukocyte count less than 4,000/microL was 27%, 44%, and 41% on regimens 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 74 patients (83%). The regimen consisting of a 100-mg/m2 single dose has produced a statistically significant higher response rate than the 50 mg/m2 regimen while producing no appreciable differences in complete remission rate, response duration, progression-free interval, or survival. In addition, the higher dose regimen was associated with greater myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.
Factors predicting clinically improved health status in COPD patients after pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Ola Bratås, Geir Arild Espnes, Toril Rannestad, Rolf Walstad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Although pulmonary rehabilitation has proven to be effective in enhancing health status (HS) in COPD patients (Lacasse  et al , Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 4), characteristics of those who have the largest potential for HS improvements after rehabilitation are less studied. This knowledge may be useful for physicians9 referral practice.   Aims:  The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of lung function on a clinical improved health status after rehabilitation adjusted for gender, age, and co-morbidity. Since the association between lung function and health status in COPD patients is usually low (Jones, P.W., Thorax 2001; 56: 880-887), we hypothesized no influence of lung function on the post rehabilitation outcome.   Methods:  A longitudinal study of 136 consecutive male and female patients attending 4 weeks inpatient rehabilitation, aged 40+ and with COPD I-IV. Lung function was assessed by spirometric tests and health status by the St.George9s Respiratory Questionnaire. The influence of independent variables on HS was assessed through logistic regression analyses.   Results:  Patients with minor disease (FEV 1  ≥ 50% predicted) were more likely to achieve clinically improved health status after rehabilitation than patients with major disease (FEV 1   p =0.001), with stronger effect for female than for male patients (OR 7.1, 95% CI 1.9-39.0,  p =0.025).   Conclusions:  Our findings upgrade the significance of lung function on HS in COPD patients, implicating that referral to pulmonary rehabilitation at an early COPD stage is crucial in order to achieve optimal post rehabilitation effect, especially for female patients.
Infants and children with cow milk allergy/intolerance
Authors: S. Husby, A. Høst, B. Teisner, S.‐E. Svehag
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Seventeen children with challenge-verified cow milk allergy/intolerance (CMAI), age 3-78 months, median 12 months, were re-challenged with cow milk in increasing doses. All subjects developed symptoms, such as bronchospasm, rhinitis, diarrhoea, erythema or eczema. Blood samples were taken before and up to 24 h after the start of the challenge. The cow milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was determined in serum with ELISA (lower detection limit 0.3 micrograms/l). BLG was detectable in five children at low levels (below 2 micrograms/l). Analysis of the size distribution of the BLG by size exclusion chromatography indicated immunoreactive material as small aggregates. Plasma samples were analysed by electroimmunoassay for complement factor split product C3d, which was not demonstrable above background values in any of the cases. CMAI in infants and children may not be related to systemic activation of the complement system and may be elicited without considerable amounts of immunoreactive BLG in the circulation.
Protection against hepatitis E virus infection by naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity
Authors: J. Zhang, X.-F. Zhang, C. Zhou, Z.-Z. Wang, S.-J. Huang, X. Yao, Z.-L. Liang, T. Wu, J.-X. Li, Q. Yan, C.-L. Yang, H.-M. Jiang, H.-J. Huang, Y.-L. Xian, J. W.-K. Shih, M.-H. Ng, Y.-M. Li, J.-Z. Wang, F.-C. Zhu, N.-S. Xia
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)