tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experiences with the Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (SWAB)
Authors: J M Prins, J E Degener, A  J de Neeling, I C Gyssens, Collective the SWAB board
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (Stichting Werkgroep AntibioticaBeleid, SWAB) was founded in 1996 as an initiative of the Society for Infectious Diseases, the Dutch Society for Medical Microbiology, and the Dutch Association of Hospital Pharmacists. Its primary goal is to contribute to the containment of antimicrobial resistance and the expanding costs incurred for the use of antibiotics. SWAB is the Intersectoral Coordinating Mechanism (ICM) for the Netherlands, and it is at present the National Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Focal Point. It coordinates the national surveillance of antibiotic resistance, in collaboration with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment(RIVM), coordinates the surveillance of the use of antibiotics,and runs a guideline development programme. Information about consumption of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial resistance among medically important bacteria is presented annually in NethMap. Over the past decade, outpatient consumption of antibiotics has risen only slightly, but in the hospital setting there was an overall significant increase in antibiotic use, due mainly to the steady reduction in the average length of patient hospital stays. In 2006 we introduced our electronic national antibiotic guide 'SWAB-ID' for the antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis of common infectious diseases in hospitals.
Lustre, Held by a Groom
Authors: M Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and polyphenon E (PPE)
Authors: Xingpei Hao, Mousumi Bose, Joshua D. Lambert, Jihyeung Ju, Mao-Jung Lee, Sunny Park, Ali Husain, Steven Wang, Yuhai Sun, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4894 

In the present study, we treated 5 week old female Apc Min/+ mice for 8 weeks, with either control (AIN-93G) diet, control diet with 0.08% EGCG (in the drinking fluid), control diet with 0.08% ECG (in the drinking fluid), control diet with 0.12% PPE (a standardized green tea catechin mixture containing 65% EGCG) in the drinking fluid, or control diet supplemented with 0.12% PPE in the diet. We found that PPE administered in the diet inhibited total intestinal tumor multiplicity by 70.5% in comparison to the control group. This decrease in tumor multiplicity was greater than the decrease observed in the group administered with PPE in the drinking fluid (by 24.5%) or 0.08% EGCG (51%). ECG (0.08%) had no significant effect on tumor multiplicity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that in comparison to the adenomas in the control group, treatment with PPE and EGCG decreased cell proliferation index (based on Ki-67 expression), increased apoptotic index (cleaved caspase-3), decreased β-catenin nuclear expression and decreased phospho-Akt. To investigate the improved efficacy of the PPE in the diet relative to the PPE in the drinking fluid, we examine the small intestinal levels of the catechins. HPLC analysis revealed that mice treated with PPE in the diet had higher levels of EGCG (1.6 - 3.3-fold increase), EGC (1.2 - 2.3-fold increase), and EC (1.8 - 4.1-fold increase) than mice treated with PPE in the drinking fluid. This increase in catechin levels, at comparable doses of PPE, may be due to the relatively slower gastrointestinal transit of food compared to fluid. The results suggest that both EGCG and PPE exert cancer prevention activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, modulating Wnt signaling and Akt pathway. Additionally, formulation of PPE in the diet results in higher local concentrations of catechins than formulation in the drinking fluid and may represent a better means of delivering cancer preventive compounds to the gastrointestinal tract. (Supported by NIH grant CA88961). *Both authors contributed equally to this abstract
Abstract 16416: Non PV Triggers Ablation Improves the Success Rate of Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation After a Single Procedure: Results From a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, Chintan Trivedi, Prasant Mohanty, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Rong Bai, Pasquale Santangeli, Javier Sanchez, Rodney Horton, G. Joseph Gallinghouse, Jason Zagrodzky, Steven Hao, Richard Hongo, Salwa Beheiry, Dhanujaya R. Lakkireddy, Madhu Reddy, Juan F. Viles-Gonzalez, J. David Burkhardt, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has a lower success rate when compared to paroxysmal AF patients. Whether in persistent AF patients ablation of the pulmonary vein antrum and posterior wall is sufficient to achieve long term freedom from AF is debated in the literature. We investigated if the ablation on non pv triggers from first procedure in addition to PV and posterior wall(PW) isolation could improve the procedural success rate. Methods: 622 consecutive pts with persistent AF undergoing the first AF ablation were analysed and divided into 2 groups according to their ablation strategy. In group 1, pulmonary vein plus posterior wall ablation was performed (n=203) while in group 2 pulmonary veins plus posterior wall plus sustained and non sustained non pv triggers as disclosed by isoproterenol challenge were ablated. (n=419). All patients were followed up with intensive holter and event monitoring. Results: Clinical baseline characteristics were not statistically different between groups. After 17.8 ± 8.8 months follow-up, 118(58.1%) Group I and 283 (67.5%) Group II patients were free from any atrial tachyarrhythmias (log-rank p= 0.027). After adjusting for age, gender and clinically relevant variables, PVI and PW ablation alone was associated with significantly high recurrence. (Hazard ratio: 1.4, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.1– 1.8, p=0.02). Further, Group I patients undergoing redo procedure after a failed ablation had more NPV trigger Group II (80% vs 60%, p = 0.002, respectively, figure), while the number of patients with PV reconnection were similar between groups (65% vs. 64%, p=1.0). Conclusions: The results of our study shows that after a single procedure the ablation of non PV triggers, improves the long-term success rate in patients with persistent AF.
Economics notes: Use of unequal randomisation to aid the economic efficiency of clinical trials
Authors: D. J Torgerson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This is one of an occasional series of notes on economics 

In an earlier note we showed how economic criteria can help in sample size calculations by defining clinical endpoints of economic importance.1 However, there is a further issue concerning sample size calculations where economic information may be useful—the randomisation ratio.

Most randomised trials allocate equal numbers of patients to experimental and control groups. 2 3 This is the most statistically efficient randomisation ratio as it maximises statistical power for a given total sample size. However, this may not be the most economically efficient randomisation ratio.4 When two or more treatments under evaluation have a cost difference it may be more economically efficient to randomise fewer …
AB0187 Cardiovascular risk factors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis in comparison to the general population
Authors: B. Sundström, G. Johansson, I. Johansson, S. Wållberg-Jonsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> An increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been reported among patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). As of today, little is known what causes this increase. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate whether traditional CVD risk factors, such as smoking, diet, physical activity and atherogenic blood lipids, differ among AS patients in comparison to the general population. <h3>Methods</h3> Eighty-nine patients diagnosed with AS by fulfilling the modified New York criteria were identified in the databases of a community intervention programme, the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP). The patients were compared with 356 controls matched for age, sex and study period. As part of the VIP, participants have completed questionnaires regarding diet, physical activity and smoking. Additionally, the VIP included measurement of blood pressure, height and weight, and blood samples analysed for cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood glucose. <h3>Results</h3> Levels of serum triglycerides (p&lt;0.01) and cholesterol (p&lt;0.01) were significantly lower in the patient group. Among the patients, the level of triglycerides was inversely correlated to the intake of total fat (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.25, p&lt;0.05), monounsaturated fats (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.29, p&lt;0.05) and positively correlated to the intake of carbohydrates (r<sub>s</sub> =0.26, p&lt;0.05). These correlations were not seen among the controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls regarding diet, physical activity, exercise frequency or smoking habits nor in measurements of body mass index (BMI), weight or blood pressure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The patients exhibited significantly lower levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared with controls. There were correlations between diet and atherogenic blood lipids among the patients which were not found in the control group. The results suggest that there may be differences in fat metabolism among patients with AS in comparison with the general population. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Hypersensitivity to chironomids (non-biting midges): localization of the antigenic determinants within certain polypeptide sequences of hemoglobins (erythrocruorins) of (Diptera)
Authors: X BAUR, M DEWAIR, G FRUHMANN, H ASCHAUER, J PFLETSCHINGER, G BRAUNITZER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1982)
Safety, Tolerability, and Initial Efficacy of AZD6140, the First Reversible Oral Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Antagonist, Compared With Clopidogrel, in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Christopher P. Cannon, Steen Husted, Robert A. Harrington, Benjamin M. Scirica, Håkan Emanuelsson, Gary Peters, Robert F. Storey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 3730: Ezetimibe/simvastatin More Favorably Influences Lipoprotein/ Apolipoprotein Ratios than Atorvastatin Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: John R Guyton, Ronald B Goldberg, Theodore Mazzone, Ruth S Weinstock, Adam Polis, Elizabeth Rosenberg, Patricia Edwards, Andrew M Tershakovec
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract P256: Association of Genetic Variants on the Metabochip With Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in African Americans: The Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study
Authors: Christina L Wassel, Quenna Wong, Man Li, Robert J Goodloe, Misa Graff, Ran Tao, Yaming Shao, Dana C Crawford, Steve Buyske, Petra Buzkova, Nancy S Jenny, Suzette J Bielinski, James S Pankow, Stephen S Rich, Ida Chen, Kent D Taylor, Josyf Mychaleckyj, Anastasia Wise, Joachim H Ix, Dena Rifkin, Heather Junkins, Myriam Fornage, Linda Kao, Kari E North, Nora Franceschini
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Several loci have been discovered and replicated for urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), a measure of kidney function, in European populations; however, other ethnic populations such as African-Americans have been less studied for this trait. We examined the association of genetic variants on the Metabochip with natural log transformed ACR (ln(ACR)) in 4,629 African-Americans from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study which includes participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), and Epidemiologic Architecture for Genes Linked to the Environment (EAGLE-BioVU) studies. We then replicated our findings in 1,533 African-American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Linear regression models were used to examine associations, assuming additive effects of the SNPs. Within each study, models were adjusted for age, field center (where applicable), and principal components of ancestry, and stratified by sex. Fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta-analysis was used to combine results from contributing studies. Array-wide statistical significance was concluded for SNP associations of p-value less than 2.8 x 10-7. Mean ln(ACR) ranged from 1.4 to 2.9 mg/g, average age ranged from 44 to 77 years, and percent female participants ranged from 59-65% in the contributing studies. Four SNPs were significantly associated array-wide with ACR in the discovery sample: rs17399841 in GRHL2 (β=-0.67, MAF=0.01, p=2.7x10-9), rs153914 near SPATA9/RHOBTB3 (β=-0.59, MAF=0.01, p=1.0x10-7), rs17439845 in LEF1 (β=-0.49, MAF=0.02, p=1.3x10-7), and rs11836243 near ZNF641/ANP32D (β=0.23, MAF=0.12, p=1.8x10-7). Of these four loci, only the association of rs17439845 with ACR replicated in MESA (β=-0.36, p=0.038), with a combined discovery-replication beta of -0.46 and p value of 1.8x10-8. Combined discovery-replication for rs17399841, rs153914, and rs11836243 no longer achieved array-wide significance (p-values 9.84x10-7, 1.98x10-5, and 1.32x10-4, respectively). LEF1 is a mediator in the Wnt signaling pathway, and has been previously implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus and osteoporosis, as well as previously associated with waist circumference, echocardiographic traits, bone mineral density, and blood count traits. Continuing studies in diverse populations are warranted to identify a set of loci important in contributing to the variation in ACR.
Abstract 14906: Clinical Outcomes of Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Single-Center Experience
Authors: Michael Share, Ravi Mandapati, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Eric Buch
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) using Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) mapping has shown promise in the treatment of AF in early studies. We performed a retrospective, observational study of 23 patients who underwent 24 FIRM-guided catheter ablation procedures for paroxysmal or persistent AF. Patients were asked to follow up in clinic and with event monitors at 3, 6 and 12 months post-procedure. Long-term outcomes were assessed after a 3-month blanking period. Primary efficacy endpoints were freedom from AF and all atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATA) off antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD). Study population consisted of all patients undergoing FIRM-guided AF ablation between January 2012 and July 2013 at UCLA Medical Center. Half were persistent, mean age was 63, mean AF duration 7.3 years, and mean left atrial volume 76.2mL. The majority of patients had failed AAD therapy (92%) and prior ablation (63%). All patients underwent FIRM-guided ablation, with 19 (79%) also undergoing pulmonary vein iso...
Abstract 18588: Lipoprotein Sub-fractions by Ion Mobility Analysis Association with Burden of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in a High Risk Population: the Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study (BEHHS)
Authors: Ehimen Aneni, Emir Veledar, Ebenezer Oni, Lara L Roberson, Janisse Post, Gagandeep Nagi, Sameer Shaharyar, Omar Jamal, Shozab S Ali, Rehan Malik, Muhammad Aziz, Adnan Younus, Beatriz Rosell, Henry Guzman, Ricardo Cury, Michael Ozner, Jonathan Fialkow, Theodore Feldman, Arthur S Agatston, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Plasma LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides are traditionally used to assess dyslipidemic burden and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management. In this study we whether detailed assessment across spectrum of multiple lipoproteins subclasses, distinguished by their physiochemical properties, can guide atherosclerotic risk assessment as measured by coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden in a high CVD risk population.   Methods:  The Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study (BEHHS) is an ongoing lifestyle intervention study examining the effects of web-based interventions on reducing CVD risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type II DM. Cardio IQ™ Ion Mobility lipoprotein fractionation was utilized for advanced lipid subclass measurement resulting direct quantification of particles in each lipoprotein subclass fraction.   Results:  The population consisted of 171 participants (74% women, 49% Hispanic, mean age: 52 ± 9 years) undergoing CAC testing. The table demonstrates a significant trend of a lower LDL particle size concentration with increasing CAC score. Conversely, those with CAC=0 were more likely to have higher concentration of large LDL, small IDL, small & large HDL respectively. In our study 104 (60%) had LDL pattern B (LDL Peak Size    Conclusions:  Several lipoprotein subclasses by ion mobility analysis, particularly smaller LDL peak particle diameter (LDL pattern B) were related to increased burden of coronary atherosclerosis independent of standard lipoprotein analysis in high risk individuals with MS/DM.
Characterization of airborne organic dust exposure with limulus amoebocyte lysate – Test and whole blood assay
Authors: Verena Liebers, Vera van Kampen, Maria Düser, Heike Stubel, Thomas Brüning, Jürgen Bünger, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of the study was to evaluate if measurement of endotoxin and/or pyrogenic activity are suitable methods to describe different exposure circumstances for example in composting plants. Dust sampling was performed with stationary pumps. Fiberglass filters were extracted with PBS. Endotoxin activity was determined with Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL)-assay (Charles River, Sulzfeld). Pyrogenic activity was measured with a whole blood assay (WBA) using cryo-preserved blood (Zwisler Laboratorium, Konstanz) measuring Interleukin (IL-)1β release with a specific ELISA in the cell-free supernatant. In all 124 filter extracts endotoxin as well as pyrogenic activity were detectable. Median of endotoxin activity was 12 EU/m3(range 6 - 3421). Median of pyrogenic activity was 3831 PUIL-1β/m3 (pyrogenic unit; 1PUIL-1β = 1 pg/ml ILβ-1 release; range 2126 - 124590). Correlation between LAL-assay and WBA was r = 0.78 (Pearson). Dust samples collected in wheel loaders (n = 33) showed median values of 9 EU/m3 and 3580 PUIL-1β/m3, respectively whereas in the area of sieving machines (n = 14) a median of 61 EU/m3 and 7608 PUIL-1β/m3 was measured. Test results of WBA and LAL assay were compared with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using LAL-Test as gold standard. Presuming a desirable test sensitivity of 95% WBA provides a possible specificity of 40% for a cut-off of 10 EU/m3 increasing to 100% specificity if the cut-off was set at 500 EU/m3 (test efficiency 97.5%). LAL-Test and WBA are applicable methods to evaluate bioaerosol exposure. Especially in areas with lower endotoxin activity and with further pyrogenic components WBA may deliver additional information.
Scientists show that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Scientists have warned that variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), could be transmitted through whole blood transfusions by donors who have no symptoms of the disease.

The warning follows new research with animals showing that BSE could be passed from a diseased sheep to a healthy animal.

But the UK Department of Health and the National Blood Service of England and north Wales said there was no evidence that vCJD had ever been transmitted to humans through blood transfusions. They said the risk was theoretical as whole blood was no longer used for transfusions in the United Kingdom, the white cells being removed by a process called leucodepletion.

In the new …
Abstract 19576: Left Atrial Delayed Computed Tomography Angiography Protocol Markedly Reduces Need for TEEs Prior to Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Augustus Mealor, Michael Salerno, John Dent, Pamela Mason, Rohit Malhotra, Andrew E Darby, Patrick Norton, Klaus Hagspiel, John P DiMarco, J. M Mangrum, John D Ferguson, Christopher Kramer, Kenneth C Bilchick
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Delayed computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has a high negative predictive value (NPV) for LAA thrombus. Many transesophageal echocardiograms (TEEs) are performed to exclude LAA thrombus prior to left atrial ablation for atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF). Because reducing the need for semi-invasive TEEs prior to AF ablation would be beneficial, we evaluated a pre-ablation LAA evaluation strategy based on CTA (with TEEs performed only for abnormal CTA findings).   Methods:  We tracked outcomes of 124 consecutive AF ablation patients with preablation CTA with delayed LAA imaging (high-pitched acquisition mode, Siemens FLASH, ref mAs 200, ref Kv 120kVp, care kV mode). In Group 1 (CTA-guided, CHADS2 scores ≤ 3, no prior CVA), TEEs were performed only if LAA filling defects were found on CTA. All Group 2 patients (controls) had TEEs regardless of CTA results. In Group 1, negative CTA findings were confirmed by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) during ablation.   Results:  The cohort was 61.4 ± 11.6 years old and 27.4% female. 30.7% had persistent arrhythmia, and CHADS2 scores ranged from 0-4. Only 3.3% of Group 1 patients (n=60) required TEEs, while 81.3% of Group 2 patients (n=64) underwent TEEs (Figure). There were no strokes or TIAs in either group within 30 days of ablation. After adjustment for CHADS2 score and persistent arrhythmia, Group 1 was much less likely (OR 0.006, p   Conclusions:  This integrated pre-ablation imaging strategy safely and dramatically reduced the need for TEEs prior to AF ablation with a low radiation dose from the CTA and no increased risk of thromboembolic events.