tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell Surface Proteins and Glycoproteins From Biologically Different Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael E. Marks, Bernice H. Danbury, Charles A. Miller, Michael G. Brattain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Six cultured human colon cancer cell lines possessing different biological characteristics were enzymatically radiolabeled in situ with 125I and 3H, and the labeled cell surface proteins and glycoproteins were compared. The electrophoretic patterns of labeled cell surface material suggest correlations between biological properties and cell surface proteins. Highly aggressive cell lines (as assessed by in vitro parameters) had predominant peaks of 125I-labeled proteins between molecular weights 66,000 and 92,500. The major peak of radioiodinated material from the more indolent cell lines occurred between molecular weights 31,000 and 45,000. The profile of one 125I-labeled intermediately aggressive cell line was similar to the profiles of the more aggressive lines, whereas another intermediate line exhibited a profile different from those of both indolent and aggressive lines. Electrophoresis of tritiated material indicated that essentially all of the recovered labeled glycoprotein was of relatively high molecular weight (92,000-180,000) in the indolent lines, whereas the intermediate and highly aggressive lines had patterns with significant peaks between molecular weights 45,000 and 92,500.
EBUS-TBNA as first step procedure for differential diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in country with high prevalence of tuberculosis
Authors: Igor Vasilyev, Grigoriy Kudryashov, Natalya Blum, Nicolay Yakushenko, Dmitriy Vitugov, Andrey Kozak, Armen Avetisyan, Piotr Yablonsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  EBUS-TBNA as first step of invasive staging in proved lung cancer in most of publications (Eur Respir J. 2009) The more difficult situation in country with high prevalence of tuberculosis.  Aim:  we decided to check the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in cases of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients without clinical symptoms from Russia.  Methods:  a single-center, prospective, non-randomized trial. Inclusion criteria: age> / = 18 years with mediastinal lymphadenopathy with suspected sarcoidosis, median size of lymph node was 26+/-6 mm, informed consent to the study. Methods: EBUS-TBNA with conventional cytology examination of slides and cytoblocks of aspirate of lymph nodes were done. PCR for MBT, bacteriology of aspirates were done in all cases. 6-month follow-up.: 95 patients from April 2010 until December 2013 year were included in trial. Mean age was 40+/-13 years old. All the patients were randomized into 2 groups: group 1 -53 patients (VATS procedure were done in the same time with EBUS-TBNA), group 2 – 42 patients ( VATS procedure were done if EBUS-TBNA were no informative)  Results:  Final diagnosis were sarcoidosis-59, tuberculosis-10, lung cancer – 20, non-specific inflammation -6. Diagnosis was established in accordance with the guideline. Overall sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA was 62,1%. Sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA in G1 – 62%, in G2 – 60%.  Conclusion:  EBUS-TBNA can be used as first step procedure for differential diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in country with high prevalence of tuberculosis in mostly cases.
Faecal elastase 1 in chronic pancreatitis Reply
Authors: L GULLO, P G LANKISCH
Journal: Gut (1999)

Editor,—I read with interest the recent paper by Lankisch et al ( Gut 1998; 42 :551–4). The authors studied faecal elastase 1 and faecal chymotrypsin in 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis and concluded that the estimation of faecal elastase 1 is not helpful in diagnosing mild and moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and that this enzyme is not superior to faecal chymotrypsin in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. As various studies have already been published on this subject, I believe that it is useful to report the results of these studies, mainly because they clearly show that Lankisch et al ’s conclusions cannot be substantiated. Dominguez-Munoz and colleagues,1 in 20 patients with chronic pancreatitis (six mild, four moderate and 10 severe), found that the sensitivity of faecal elastase 1 was 0%, 100% and 100%, and that of faecal chymotrypsin 0%, 75% and 70%, in the three groups, respectively. Glasbrenner and colleagues2 studied 63 patients with chronic pancreatitis (19 mild, 14 moderate and 30 severe) and found that faecal elastase 1 had a sensitivity of 47%, 79% and 100%, and faecal chymotrypsin a sensitivity of 32%, 36% and 63%, respectively. Loser et al ,3 in 44 patients with …
Pharmacological inhibition of DNA-PK stimulates Cas9-mediated genome editing
Authors: Francis Robert, Mathilde Barbeau, Sylvain Éthier, Josée Dostie, Jerry Pelletier
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)

The ability to modify the genome of any cell at a precise location has drastically improved with the recent discovery and implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology. However, the capacity to introduce specific directed changes at given loci is hampered by the fact that the major cellular repair pathway that occurs following Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage is the erroneous non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Homology-directed recombination (HDR) is far less efficient than NHEJ and makes screening of clones containing directed changes time-consuming and labor-intensive.We investigated the possibility of pharmacologically inhibiting DNA-PKcs, a key player in NHEJ, using small molecule inhibitors (NU7441 and KU-0060648), to ameliorate the rates of HDR repair events. These compounds were tested in a sensitive reporter assay capable of simultaneously informing on NHEJ and HDR, as well as on an endogenous gene targeted by Cas9.We find that NU7441 and KU-0060648 reduce the frequency of NHEJ while increasing the rate of HDR following Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage.Our results identify two small molecules compatible for use with Cas9-editing technology to improve the frequency of HDR.
Anaesthesia of the upper airway reduces genioglossus but not tensor palatini muscle activity during quiet breathing
Authors: Jayne C. Carberry, Hanna Hanna, Julian P. Saboisky, Lauren P. Fisher, Jane E. Butler, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Pharyngeal dilator muscles are essential in maintaining airway patency. During sleep, ineffective dilator muscle activity may contribute to OSA. Understanding how these muscles are controlled is an important objective. Genioglossus (GG) and tensor palatini (TP) muscles have been shown to have similar short latency excitatory reflex responses to large negative pharyngeal pressure pulses (∼-15cmH 2 O). While diminishing mechanoreceptor input with lignocaine reduces GG activity during quiet breathing the effect on TP is unknown.   Aim  To determine the effect of lignocaine (to minimize mechanoreceptor input) on GG and TP dilator muscle activity during quiet breathing and upper-airway collapsibility.   Methods  Intramuscular wires were inserted into GG and TP to record EMG activity during quiet breathing before and after lignocaine in 11 individuals. Epiglottic and choanae pressures were measured during brief pulses of negative pressure (∼10cmH 2 O) to determine upper airway collapsibility.   Results  Anaesthesia led to a significant fall in peak GG EMG activity (31.2±11.3 vs. 24.6±9.1 µV, p=0.04). In contrast, anaesthesia had no effect on peak TP EMG activity (13.8±2.4 vs. 13.6±1.8 µV, p=0.91). Upper airway collapsibility index increased post-lignocaine (23.1±5.1 vs. 40.5± 10.6 %, p=0.04).   Conclusions  Lignocaine increases upper airway collapsibility during wakefulness. In contrast to GG, TP receives minimal mechanoreceptor input via negative pressure during quiet breathing. Investigation into the effects of lignocaine on GG and TP reflex responses to larger negative pressure pulses remains ongoing.   Supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia .
Feasibility and complications of nelaton catheter insertion after pleural biopsy as a novel method for pleural effusion drainage
Authors: Enayat Safavi, Soroush Seifirad, Firoozbakhsh Shahram, Sadegh Tavakkolizadeh, Hamidreza Abtahi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Backgrounds:  Respiratory failure due to massive pleural effusion is usually treated with drainage via a chest tube.   Objectives:  To investigate feasibility and complications of Nelaton catheter insertion after pleural biopsy as a novel method for pleural effusion drainage.   Methods:  After pleural biopsy, a Nelaton catheter No.18 was inserted in the pleural space guided by Abram biopsy needle, after drainage control chest radiology was performed. Complications and daily examination results were recorded.   Results:  46 catheter insertions were performed on 41 patients (22 men, 19 women). Among these patients, pleural biopsy was indicated in 40 (78%) of them. Four patients underwent pleurodesis because of malignant pleural effusion due to breast cancer. Successfull fluid drainage after catheter insertion was observed in all 46 cases. Dyspnea was significantly decreased after catheter insertion in all patients.Mean drainage duration was 5.3 days. In 42 (91.3%) patients complete lung expansion was observed. Incomplete lung expansion was observed in 4 patients (2 patients due to trapped lung, and 2 patients due to loculated pleural effusion). Catheter obstruction was occurred in 12 patients which was resolved after Salin wash out in 11cases.   Conclusion:  Nelaton catheter insertion after pleural biopsy is a novel, cost effective, simple and tolerable methods with low morbidity for drainage of pleural effusion in symptomatic patients undergo pleural biopsy. Common complication of this method is catheter obstruction which could easily be resolved with Salin wash out.
<i>FZD6</i>encoding the Wnt receptor frizzled 6 is mutated in autosomal‐recessive nail dysplasia
Authors: G. Naz, S.M. Pasternack, C. Perrin, M. Mattheisen, M. Refke, S. Khan, A. Gul, M. Simons, W. Ahmad, R.C. Betz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Isolated nail dysplasia is rare and has been reported in only a small number of families.To describe and characterize two Pakistani families with an autosomal-recessive inherited nail dysplasia.Genome-wide linkage analysis; mutation screening of candidate genes by Sanger sequencing; cloning of FZD6 and protein analyses; immunohistochemistry.We mapped this genodermatosis to chromosome 8q22.3, and identified a homozygous nonsense mutation c.1750G>T (p.E584X) in the frizzled 6 (FZD6) gene in all affected individuals. Immunohistochemical analyses in nail sections from healthy individuals revealed strong expression of FZD6 in the ventral nail matrix and a less pronounced expression of FZD6 in the nail bed.FZD6 belongs to a family of proteins that serve as receptors in Wnt signalling pathways, and has been shown to act as a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling cascade and a positive regulator of the noncanonical Wnt or planar cell polarity pathway. The present results therefore suggest that FZD6 plays a pivotal role in the growth and guidance of the nail plate in humans by acting as a molecular switch between different Wnt pathways. Previous studies have identified mutations in the RSPO4 and LMX1B components of the Wnt pathway in patients with the hypoplastic nail disorders anonychia and nail-patella syndrome, respectively. Only recently, FZD6 mutations were identified in isolated nail dysplasia. The present results emphasize the important role of the Wnt pathways in nail development and increase understanding of Wnt-mediated developmental events in general.
Effect of hyposensitization upon the immediate and late asthmatic reaction and upon histamine reactivity in patients allergic to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)
Authors: HP Van Bever, WJ Stevens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

The effect of hyposensitization (HS) upon the allergen evoked immediate asthmatic reaction (IAR), late asthmatic reaction (LAR) and upon bronchial reactivity towards histamine was examined. Eighteen young asthmatic patients were studied using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All were allergic to house dust mite (HDM) and demonstrated an IAR and a LAR after bronchial provocation with HDM. Furthermore, all, except one child, demonstrated bronchial hyperreactivity towards histamine (median provocative dose producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD20) histamine = 0.19 mg.ml-1, range: 0.02-8 mg.ml-1). The subjects were randomly divided into two groups to receive HDM or placebo injections during one year. After the one year period, the IAR was less severe in the subjects who received HDM injections (p = 0.02), while this reduction was not observed in the subjects who received placebo injections. Also, in the HDM group a small but significant increase of the median PD20 HDM was observed (p = 0.04). Furthermore, the LAR was less severe in the subjects who received HDM injections (p = 0.02), while the subjects who received placebo injections showed the same severity of LAR after one year (p = 0.44). Histamine reactivity did not change after HDM injections or after placebo injections. Thus, HS reduces the severity of the IAR and LAR without any change in histamine reactivity.
Conjugated Estrogens and Breast Cancer Risk in Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R Hoover, A Glass, W D Finkle, D Azevedo, K Milne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The relationship between conjugated estrogen(s) (CE) and breast cancer was investigated by the examination of the records of 345 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 611 healthy controls belonging to a prepaid health plan. Use of CE was associated with a 40% elevation in risk [relative risk (RR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval-1.0-2.0]. The RR was 1.3 for menopausal women with intact ovaries and 1.5 for those with ovaries removed. There was statistically significant evidence of a dose-response relationship with the three measures of dose evaluated. RR's rose to about twofold for women with 10 or more CE prescriptions noted in their charts, for those with 5 years or more between their first and last prescription, and for those with a usual daily dose of 1.25 mg or more. The RR associated with having ever used CE and with long-term use was highest among those women with a family history of breast cancer. These data support the hypothesis that long-term use of CE is associated with increased breast cancer risk.
A Recessive Mutation (&lt;italic&gt;ter&lt;/italic&gt;) Causing Germ Cell Deficiency and a High Incidence of Congenital Testicular Teratomas in 129/Sv-&lt;italic&gt;ter&lt;/italic&gt; Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Noguchi, M Noguchi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article A Recessive Mutation (ter) Causing Germ Cell Deficiency and a High Incidence of Congenital Testicular Teratomas in 129/Sv-ter Mice Get access Takehiko Noguchi, Takehiko Noguchi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Motoko Noguchi Motoko Noguchi 6 6Address reprint requests to Dr. Motoko Noguchi at the Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 75, Issue 2, August 1985, Pages 385–392, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/75.2.385 Published: 01 August 1985 Article history Received: 18 January 1985 Accepted: 22 March 1985 Published: 01 August 1985
Baseline airway inflammation may be a determinant of ozone response in asthmatic patients
Authors: Maria Laura Bartoli, Barbara Vagaggini, Laura Malagrinò, Elena Bacci, Silvana Cianchetti, Federico Dente, Francesco Costa, Pierluigi Paggiaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: It is well known that ozone (O3) exposure induces lung function decrease and airways neutrophilia, but a great variability in airways response has been observed among patients with asthma.

Aim: To find predictors of functional and biological airway response to O3 exposure in mild to moderate asthmatic patients.

Methods: We studied 120 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (FEV1% 89.4±14.3), randomly exposed to air or O3 (0.3 ppm for 2 hrs) in a challenge chamber. Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Test were measured before and immediately after exposure. Six hours after exposure, induced sputum was collected. Patients were evaluated according to their functional (ΔFEV1air-O3) and neutrophilic (Δneutro%air-O3) response to O3. Age, baseline FEV1%pred, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy, baseline sputum neutrophils/ml and eosinophils/ml counts, methacholine responsiveness, atopy and smoking habit were considered as possible predictors of functional and neutrophilic response.

Results: FEV1 responders had a lower percentage of ICS-treated patients and lower baseline FEV1 values in comparison with non-responders. Neutrophil responders were younger, more responsive to methacholine challenge and had lower baseline sputum inflammatory cell counts in comparison with non-responders.

Conclusions: Patients without ICS therapy and lower FEV1 are more susceptible to functional response to O3. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and baseline sputum inflammation may predict a neutrophilic airway response to O3; high sputum neutrophil percentages are protective against a further neutrophilic response to O3. Therefore, determinants of functional and inflammatory responses to O3 are different.
Early life antecedents of persistent wheeze in young adults
Authors: Dave Mullane, Steve Turner, Des Cox, Jack Goldblatt, Peter Le Souef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Factors present in infancy have been associated with respiratory outcomes in childhood. Risk factors for wheeze in adults differ from those in children, for example female gender and active smoking. Here we test the hypothesis that physiological outcomes measured in infancy are associated with persistent respiratory outcomes in eighteen year olds.   Methods:  As part of a longitudinal birth cohort study, measurements of infant lung function and atopy were made in infancy. Participants were followed up with at ages 6, 12 and 18 years. Based on reported symptoms, individuals were categorised as remittent wheeze, later onset wheeze, persistent wheeze and no wheeze.   Results:  Of the 253 individuals originally recruited, 148 were followed up at age 18 years including 13 with persistent wheeze, 13 with remittent wheeze, 23 with later onset wheeze and 99 with no wheeze. Compared to the no wheeze group, persistent wheeze was independently associated with reduced lung function at one month (mean reduction% predicted V9maxFRC 43 [95% CI 13, 74]), increased length at one month (40% increase risk per cm increase [95%CI 6, 187]), atopy in infancy (OR 5.2 [95%CI 1.1, 23.8]) and current smoking (OR 6.1 [95%CI 1.3, 27.0]). Later onset wheeze was associated with female sex (OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.5, 11.4]). Remittent wheeze was not associated with the risk factors considered in the analysis.   Conclusion:  Although female sex and active smoking are risk factors for wheeze in adulthood, the presence of reduced lung function and atopy in infancy remain risk factors for ongoing respiratory symptoms in young adults.
A new clinical guideline from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health with a national awareness campaign accelerates brain tumor diagnosis in UK children—“HeadSmart: Be Brain Tumour Aware”
Authors: HeadSmart Be Brain Tumour Aware
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BackgroundA national survey in 2006 identified that UK referral practice for pediatric CNS tumors ranked poorly in international comparisons, which led to new National Health Service (NHS) Evidence accredited referral guidelines published in 2008 by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and a campaign to raise awareness of early features of CNS tumors and the need for timely imaging.
Population-based prediction of subject-specific prostate deformation for MR-to-ultrasound image registration
Authors: Yipeng Hu, Eli Gibson, Hashim Uddin Ahmed, Caroline M. Moore, Mark Emberton, Dean C. Barratt
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2015)

Statistical shape models of soft-tissue organ motion provide a useful means of imposing physical constraints on the displacements allowed during non-rigid image registration, and can be especially useful when registering sparse and/or noisy image data. In this paper, we describe a method for generating a subject-specific statistical shape model that captures prostate deformation for a new subject given independent population data on organ shape and deformation obtained from magnetic resonance (MR) images and biomechanical modelling of tissue deformation due to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe pressure. The characteristics of the models generated using this method are compared with corresponding models based on training data generated directly from subject-specific biomechanical simulations using a leave-one-out cross validation. The accuracy of registering MR and TRUS images of the prostate using the new prostate models was then estimated and compared with published results obtained in our earlier research. No statistically significant difference was found between the specificity and generalisation ability of prostate shape models generated using the two approaches. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between the landmark-based target registration errors (TREs) following registration using different models, with a median (95th percentile) TRE of 2.40 (6.19) mm versus 2.42 (7.15) mm using models generated with the new method versus a model built directly from patient-specific biomechanical simulation data, respectively (N = 800; 8 patient datasets; 100 registrations per patient). We conclude that the proposed method provides a computationally efficient and clinically practical alternative to existing complex methods for modelling and predicting subject-specific prostate deformation, such as biomechanical simulations, for new subjects. The method may also prove useful for generating shape models for other organs, for example, where only limited shape training data from dynamic imaging is available.
Cognitive Processes in Anxiety and Depression: Discussion Paper
Authors: A Mathews
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

‘Unfortunately the literature on depressive disorders, like that of other psychiatric disorders, is composed of isolated research reports, with few attempts at systematically integrating them. Different schools of thought utilize dissimilar dialects, thereby hindering communication … Our scientific understanding of psychiatric syndromes, including the phenomenon of depression has been hampered by methodological and linguistic barriers that prevent communication among psychoanalysts, behaviourists, experimental psychologists, and psychiatrists …’
Immunologic Cross-Reactivity Between Antigen of Unfertilized Mouse Eggs and Mouse Cells Transformed by Simian Virus 40&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Hilary Koprowski, Wojciech Sawicki, Pavel Koldovsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)