tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2864: Antiarrhythmic Effect of Statins and Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Authors: Laurent Fauchier, Bertrand Pierre, Caroline Grimard, Axel de Labriolle, Guillaume Breard, Noura Zannad, Nicolas Clementy, Dominique Babuty
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The use of statins has been suggested to protect against atrial fibrillation (AF) in some clinical and experimental studies but remained inadequately explored. Specifically, observational studies provided evidence supporting a protective role of statins against atrial fibrillation. However, insufficient data are available at this time to allow recommendations for prevention of AF using statins. In order to improve the evaluation of their possible benefit, we performed a metaanalysis of randomized trials with statins on the endpoint of incidence or recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Methods. A systematic review of controlled trials with statins was performed. Data sources included Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and hand search. Predefined criteria were used to select controlled clinical trials. Eligible studies had to be randomized, controlled, parallel-design human trials with use of statins that collected data on incidence or recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Data were extracted for patients’ characteristics, interventions, quality of trials, and rates of events. Results. Four studies with 430 patients in sinus rhythm were included in the analysis. Three studies investigated the use of statins in patients with a history of paroxysmal AF (n = 1) or persistent AF after electrical cardioversion (n = 2) and one in primary prevention of AF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Coronary artery disease was present in 179/430 patients (42 %). Beta blockers were prescribed in 243/430 (57 %) and amiodarone in 7/430 (1.6 %) of the patients. Incidence or recurrence of atrial fibrillation occurred in 190 patients: 70/216 in patients treated with statin vs 120/214 in controls. Thus, the use of statins was significantly associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation compared to control (relative risk 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.55, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions. In randomized trials, use of statins in patients in sinus rhythm with a history of previous AF or undergoing cardiac surgery was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incidence or recurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Abstract 9204: High Plasma Estradiol Level as an Independent Risk Factor for Ischemic Arterial Disease Among Postmenopausal Women. A Population-Based Study (the Three-City Cohort Study)
Authors: Marianne Canonico, Valérie Scarabin, Sylvie Brailly-Tabard, Julie Setiao, Severine Trabado, Christophe Tzourio, Karen Ritchie, Jean-François Dartigues, Anne Guiochon-Mantel, Pierre-Yves Scarabin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background : Hormone therapy may increase the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke among postmenopausal women. However, the impact of endogenous steroid sex hormones (SSH) on ischemic arterial disease (IAD) has been poorly investigated. Objectives. To investigate the association of SSH with the risk of IAD among postmenopausal women. Methods : In the French prospective Three-City cohort study including subjects over 65 years, we investigated the association of bioavailable 17β-estradiol and total Testosterone with the 4-year incidence of IAD (coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke) among postmenopausal women who did not use any hormone therapy. Biological measurements were performed for all cases (n=106) and a random sample of controls (n=522) using a case/cohort study design. Hazards ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were estimated by weighted Cox proportional models. Results. In univariate analysis, subjects in the third tertile of bioavailable 17β-estradiol had an increased risk of IAD as compared with those in the first tertile (HR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.05-3.08, p for linear trend=0.03). Adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors including obesity and diabetes did not substantially change the strength of this association (comparison of third tertile versus first tertile: HR=1.73; 95%CI: 1.01-3.05, p for linear trend=0.04). With respect to total testosterone, both univariate and multivariate analysis showed no significant association with the risk of IAD. Conclusion. Elevated plasma levels of bioavailable 17β-estradiol emerge as a significant and independent risk factor for IAD among postmenopausal women. These data are consistent with the findings of Women's Health Initiative trials and suggest deleterious effects of estradiol on cardiovascular disease in elderly women.
Thyroxine concentrations should be at upper end of reference range
Authors: R I S Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The consensus statement on the management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is so admirable that it is unlikely to incite much debate.1 One point could be emphasised in the section about the treatment of hypothyroidism: “The correct dose [of thyroxine] is …
To-days's Drugs: Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid in Pregnancy
Authors: P G FAMMA, W B PATON, M I BOSTOCK
Journal: BMJ (1964)

has developed at his age.If due allowance is then made for factors which may have affected his development, or which may affect it in future, one can say much about his develop- mental potential.It is unlikely that one will be able to recog- nize mental superiority.One can certainly detect mental subnormality, and one can readily diagnose any but the milder forms of cerebral palsy.One may be able to say something about what talents he has.One will never be able to say what he will do with them.
Thalassaemia among Asians in Britain
Authors: N Lakhani, P. S Gill, B. Modell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Gill and Modell quote incidence figures for thalassaemia in the United Kingdom.1 However, the paper by Varawalla et al indicates that up to 1 in 7 Asians in the United Kingdom may be carriers.2 There have been no large epidemiological studies to provide a true picture (incidence varies according to religion, marriage practices, and culture).

They are correct that awareness levels are unacceptably low, and our survey carried out in November 1996 of Asians in England showed that only 5% were aware of thalassaemia. We have calculated the cost of supporting a patient from birth to 30 years. Figures vary depending on the calculation method and whether the cost of borrowing to the state is considered. Accordingly, we feel that it is safer to quote a range of between £250 000 and £1 000 000.

It is true that the Cypriot community in particular has benefited from having health education available both in Cyprus and the United Kingdom. The message has been reinforced by the church in Cyprus and this community’s frequent travel to Cyprus. In India, however, thalassaemia education such as that at the Wadia Hospital in Bombay (World Health Organisation project) may not have any impact on people living here, who may not originate from the catchment area.

Modell et al looked at the use of nurse facilitators to enhance screening.3 It would be interesting to know the background of the practitioners. The Thalassaemia Society is running a project over three years to increase awareness of thalassaemia in Asians as well as increase testing before conception in primary care. We have found that in those areas where public awareness needs to be increased there are a higher number of ethnic minority practitioners.

The society also acts as an information and resource centre for primary care workers. Our health education material has the advantage of having community involvement and sensitivity. Information is also available on our website (www.ukts.org). With increased emphasis on health improvement programmes, the time is right for primary care groups to respond positively to screening.
A Rare Case of Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma in a Pediatric Patient Evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Carmelo Caldarella, Silvia Taralli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe a rare case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) that occurred in a pediatric patient and evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 14-year-old male patient underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of a left pulmonary mass which showed increased 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmax = 4.5). Based on this PET/CT finding, the patient underwent a CT-guided biopsy which demonstrated the presence of a PPSS. Other sites of disease were excluded. 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for staging pediatric patients with PPSS.
ZNF143 activates gene expression in response to DNA damage, and binds to cisplatin-modified DNA
Authors: Tetsuro Wakasugi, Hiroto Izumi, Takeshi Yoshida, Tomonori Igarashi, Ichiro Niina, Takuya Imaizumi, Yasutomo Momii, Kimitoshi Kohno
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

1491 

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer agent. Since cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of solid tumors, understanding the molecular basis of the DNA damage response and of cisplatin resistance is important for clinical protocols. Cisplatin resistance is thought to involve several mechanisms, including increased drug efflux, the presence of cellular thiols, increased nucleotide excision repair activity and decreased mismatch repair activity. In addition, several mechanisms are thought to contribute to the DNA damage response associated with cisplatin resistance. To understand fully these molecular mechanisms, it is desirable to identify and characterize all the transcriptional factors that are activated by DNA damage. We have previously shown that transcriptional factor such as Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) and the CCAAT-binding transcriptional factor 2 (CTF2) are overexpressed in human cancer cell lines resistant to cisplatin. In order to identify novel mechanisms involved in the DNA damage response, we have used differential display of mRNA to compare gene expression between control and cisplatin-treated cells. We characterized one cisplatin-inducible gene, the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11 (MRP S11) gene, whose product, MRP S11, is a component of the ribosomal small subunit and binds 12S rRNA. Functional analysis of the MRP S11 promoter showed that a Staf binding site in the promoter is required for both basal promoter activity and cisplatin-inducible activity. We also found that Staf binding activity is significantly increased in nuclear extracts from cancer cells treated with cisplatin. Staf is involved in transcriptional activation of snRNA-type, some of which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and others by RNA polymerase III. Recently, two Staf human homologues, ZNF143 and ZNF76, have been cloned. These two proteins bind the Staf binding site with similar affinity but their expression in response to cisplatin treatment is very different. ZNF143 expression is induced by cisplatin but ZNF76 expression is not. We also found that ZNF143 is a transcriptional activator of MRP S11 expression. ZNF143 is an inducible gene by other DNA damaging agents such as γ-irradiation, etoposide and adriamycin. In contrast, actinomycin-D and 5-fluorouracil that did not produce DNA strand breaks did not induce the expression of ZNF143. Interestingly ZNF143 also binds preferentially to cisplatin-modified DNA. These results suggest that ZNF143 participates in cellular response to DNA damage. We also found that ZNF143 gene is overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. We would like to discuss the direct involvement of ZNF143 in cisplatin resistant.
Comparison of one-day premedication for TAC chemotherapy with three-day regimen for node-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Y. Suh, C. Chun, S. Oh, B. Song, S. Jung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

621 Background: Oral corticosteroids are known to be given for three days to the patients having TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer to prevent severe fluid retension. But most patients have been complaining of much weight gain after the use of corticosteroids more than 10 kilograms. We tried to determine whether 24-hour corticosteroid medication (8 mg, bid) is adequate enough to prevent severe fluid retension, instead of using full three-day premedications. Methods: Between Jan. 2006 and Oct. 2007, 80 node-positive patients were randomly assigned either into one-day premedication (group A) or three-day premedication (group B) only after getting informed consent since all the protocols were reviewed by IRB. One-day premedication was meant to give 10 mg corticosteroid the night befiore the chemotherapy, and 10 mg corticosteroids (bid) were given for the day 1 of TAC chemotherapy. Results: There was one case of moderate fluid retension in both lower extremities in group A. No severe fluid retension occurred in both groups. Weight gain between two groups were not different. Conclusions: Even though this result should not be adopted into the general patient population, we think that more larger prospective trials should be initiated to determine abbreviated duration of corticosteroid premedication may be adequate to prevent severe fluid retension without compromising whole chemotherapeutic treatment cycles and oncologic outcomes, while providing more comfortable way of life to each patient having TAC chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Exercise electrocardiogram testing and thallium scintigraphy
Authors: D. A. Brennand-Roper
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Since 1918 when electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were first described during an attack of angina (Bousfield) the exercise ECG has become the most commonly used non-invasive test to identify those patients with coronary artery disease. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the coronary circulation will allow an increased oxygen supply to the myocardium in response to increased demand during exercise as well as assessing the overall exercise capacity of the patient. Initial results from exercise ECG studies suggested an extremely accurate test which could clearly distinguish between those patients with normal arteries and those patients with coronary disease (Mason et al., 1967).
Abstract 13265: Automated Peritoneal Lavage for Ultra-Rapid Cooling of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction - Initial Results of the CAMARO Trial
Authors: Kees H Polderman, Albertus Beishuizen, Mikael Holmberg, Michael Holzer, Lars Stracke, Griffeth W Tully
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Induction of mild hypothermia (32-34oC) after cardiac arrest improves neurological outcome. Earlier and more rapid induction of hypothermia may further improve outcome. Furthermore, many side effects of hypothermia occur in the induction phase, and more rapid cooling may decrease the risk of such side effects. Finally, there is evidence suggesting that hypothermia applied before a coronary intervention may reduce infarct size. We tested a new cooling method, automated peritoneal lavage (Velomedix Inc., Palo Alto, United States) to very rapidly induce hypothermia in patients with witnessed cardiac arrest (CA) and in awake patients with acute MI. Results. So far 43 patients with CA have been enrolled. Phase 2 of the study has just been started and three awake patients with acute MI have been enrolled. Median time to temperature for CA patients to ≤34oC was 9 MINUTES, representing a cooling rate of 8oC/hour, more than twice as fast as the most rapid cooling rate reported in the literature so far. At the time...
Alprazolam plasma concentrations and treatment response in panic disorder and agoraphobia
Authors: I M Lesser, R B Lydiard, E Antal, R T Rubin, J C Ballenger, R DuPont
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors' goal was to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations of alprazolam and both treatment response and side effects in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.Ninety-six patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia were treated at three sites in a 6-week, fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study of 2 mg/day or 6 mg/day of alprazolam. Assessments were made of panic attacks, avoidance behavior, generalized anxiety, and global response. Blood samples were collected throughout the study and analyzed for alprazolam and other benzodiazepines.Patient compliance with the protocol was judged to be good on the basis of plasma concentrations. According to logistic regression analysis, the relationships between plasma alprazolam concentration and response, as reflected by number of panic attacks reported, phobia ratings, physicians' and patients' ratings of global improvement, and the emergence of side effects, were significant. However, there was no significant relationship between plasma alprazolam concentration and the degree of generalized anxiety symptoms.The authors conclude that plasma concentration of alprazolam is related to treatment response, particularly in panic attacks. The alprazolam concentration associated with treatment response or with emergence of a given side effect varied widely among individuals, highlighting the necessity for individualized dose adjustment to obtain optimal treatment response while minimizing side effects.
Increase in desipramine serum levels associated with methadone treatment
Authors: I Maany, V Dhopesh, I O Arndt, W Burke, G Woody, C P O'Brien
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Five men in a methadone treatment program who were also receiving desipramine had significantly higher desipramine serum levels when taking both drugs than when taking the antidepressant alone. Monitoring of desipramine serum levels may be useful with such patients.
Abstract 15208: Circulating Cell and Plasma MicroRNA Profiles Differ Between Non-St-Segment and St-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jeanine A Ward, Jane Freedman, Nada Esa, Victor Ambros, John F Keaney, Kahraman Tanriverdi, Olga Vitseva, Rosalind Lee, David D McManus
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Differences in plasma and whole blood expression microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been determined in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although most circulating miRNAs are located in the cellular components of whole blood, little is known about the miRNA profiles of whole blood subcomponents, including plasma, platelets and leukocytes in patients with myocardial ischemia. Methods: Thirteen patients with a ST-segment-elevation (STEMI) or non-ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction were identified in the University of Massachusetts Medical Center Emergency Department (ED) or cardiac catheterization laboratory between February and June of 2012. Whole blood was obtained from arterial blood samples at the time of cardiac catheterization and cell-specific miRNA profiling was performed. Expression of 343 miRNAs was quantified from whole blood, plasma, platelets, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a high-throughput, quantitative Real-Time...
Motexafin gadolinium (Xcytrin®) cooperates with other therapeutic agents to kill lymphoma and myeloma tumor cell lines.
Authors: Louie Naumovski, Jun Chen, Mint Sirisawad, Jason Ramos, Richard Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2016   Motexafin gadolinium (MGd, Xcytrin ® ) is a redox mediator that catalyzes the oxidation of intracellular reducing metabolites including ascorbate and thiols, thus generating reactive oxygen species. Laboratory studies have shown that MGd enhances radiation and chemotherapy responsiveness in tissue culture and animal models. MGd is currently being evaluated in clinical trials combined with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in solid tumors. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the activity of MGd in lymphoma and myeloma, either as a single agent or combined with other therapeutic agents. Lymphoma (HF-1, Ramos and DHL-4) and myeloma (C2E3, 1-414, 1-310, 8226/S and Dox10V) cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 media with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum with or without 50 uM MGd. After 5 days, total cell numbers were determined to evaluate potential growth inhibitory effects of MGd. Cells were also stained with Annexin V to detect apoptotic cells. Growth of the lymphoma cell lines was inhibited by 60-80% with a concomitant increase in apoptotic cells ranging from 20-50%. In myeloma cell lines, growth inhibition and apoptosis ranged from 0-20% with MGd alone. MGd triggered an apoptotic pathway to induce cell death as demonstrated by apoptotic morphology, staining with annexin V and activation of caspases, all hallmarks of apoptosis. To determine if MGd could cooperate with other therapeutic agents, we pre-treated the lymphoma cell line HF-1 with MGd (50 uM) for 1-3 days followed by treatment with rituxan, gemcitabine or etoposide. Cytotoxicity of MGd with rituxan and gemcitabine appeared to be at least additive, whereas it appeared synergistic with etoposide. For the myeloma cell lines, MGd synergistically enhanced cell killing by bortezomib (Velcade ® ) in the C2E3 and 1-414 cell lines but not in the 1-310, 8226/S or Dox10V cell lines as measured by annexin V binding, propidium iodide uptake and caspase-3 activation. The synergistic effect of MGd was only noted if the cells were preincubated in MGd for 2-3 days. Although both 1-414 and 1-310 are steroid resistant derivatives of the C2E3 cell line, it is interesting that MGd sensitizes C2E3 and 1-414 but not 1-310 to bortezomib. Our data showing the growth inhibitory and apoptosis promoting effects of MGd alone or in combination with other agents, provide a rationale to use MGd as a single agent or combined with other therapeutic agents in lymphoma and myeloma patients.
Abstract 11480: Extent of Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Predicts Mortality and Morbidity in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Systolic Dysfunction: Result From Longitudinal Study
Authors: Akira Funada, Hideaki Kanzaki, Teruo Noguchi, Masafumi Kitakaze, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is active in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: M Beran, H Kantarjian, S O'Brien, C Koller, M al-Bitar, S Arbuck, S Pierce, M Moore, JL Abbruzzese, M Andreeff, M Keating, E Estey
Journal: Blood (1996)