tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relaxant effects and durations of action of formoterol and salmeterol on the isolated human bronchus
Authors: E Naline, Y Zhang, Y Qian, N Mairon, GP Anderson, B Grandordy, C Advenier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency and efficacy (intrinsic activity) of formoterol and salmeterol and their duration of action in comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor agonists in isolated human bronchi. Human bronchi were obtained at thoracotomy from patients with lung cancer. Potency (-log of the concentration of drug inducing 50% of maximal relaxation (-log EC50)) and efficacy (maximal effect (Emax), % of response to theophylline 3 x 10(-3) mol.l-1) were determined by analysis of cumulative isometric concentration-response curves to beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists in bronchial rings at resting tone or contracted maximally with acetylcholine 10(-3) mol.l-1 to induce functional antagonism. The onset and duration of action of beta-adrenoceptor agonists were measured by assessing the relaxant activity of drugs on the basal tone of isolated bronchi. In terms of potency, the rank order of the substances studied was formoterol > fenoterol > or = salmeterol > or = isoprenaline > or = salbutamol > or = adrenaline > or = terbutaline. Formoterol was 150-200 times more potent than isoprenaline. On preparations contracted with acetylcholine 10(-3) mol.l-1 the intrinsic activity (IA) of salbutamol, terbutaline and salmeterol compared with that of isoprenaline ranged 0.62-0.66. Intrinsic activity was higher with formoterol (0.84) and fenoterol (0.75). The onset of action of formoterol (2.14 +/- 0.55 min, n = 11) was not significantly different from that of salbutamol (1.90 +/- 0.24 min, n = 8) but shorter than that of salmeterol (6.40 +/- 1.40 min, n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A retrospective study of breast cancer patients with adjuvant tamoxifen and/or chemotherapy for the analyses of candidate genetic markers and their possible association with treatment outcomes
Authors: Werner Schroth, Lydia Antoniadou, Peter Fritz, Hiltrud Brauch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

B43   Pharmacogenetic studies for the prediction of treatment outcomes rely on the availability of long-term clinical follow-up data and constitutional DNA of patients. These requirements are met in analyses of retrospective patient collections, which therefore provide precious information on potential treatment predictors. Since the outcome of adjuvant breast cancer drug treatment is unpredictable we performed pharmacogenetic investigations to identify informative polymorphisms from a set of candidate genes known to be implicated in outcomes of adjuvant antihormonal treatment with tamoxifen and/or chemotherapy.We retrieved 650 archival tumor specimens from the Department of Pathology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany. Specimens referred to breast cancer patients who formerly received tamoxifen (n=247), chemotherapy with anthracyclines/cyclophopspamide or cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluoro-uracil (CMF; n=178), or both (n=119). The median clinical follow-up was 62 months. The constitutional DNA was genotyped using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Known candidate genes implicated in the metabolism of tamoxifen and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as DNA repair enzymes and transporters were tested for an association with therapeutic outcome.Our preliminary analyses gave the following results: In the tamoxifen treated patient group gene disrupting alleles of the cytochrome P450 2D6 *4 and *10 showed to confer an increased risk of relapse or death (OR: 1.72 and 1.76; CI: 1.07-2.83, respectively). A genetic variant influencing microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) protein stability was associated with better response to tamoxifen (OR: 0.35, CI: 0.17-0.74). Stratification of the subgroup of patients treated with cytotoxic agents identified candidate markers for treatment outcome of CMF and epirubicin treated patients, i.e. DNA repair enzyme ERCC4, mEH and UDP glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6.Our results add important information on the proposed role of CYP2D6 for the bioactivation of tamoxifen to the highly active 4-OH tamoxifen and endoxifen. mEH, a phase 2 metabolizing enzyme previously shown to predict response to tamoxifen, has now been shown as a tamoxifen therapy associated molecule on the genetic level. In addition, the data suggest a role for mEH as a surrogate marker for epirubicin therapy outcome, and for the detoxification enzyme UGT1A6 to play a possible role in glucuronidation of epirubicine and/or CMF derived metabolites.
Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata in Taiwan: a case-control study
Authors: S-Y. Chu, Y-J. Chen, W-C. Tseng, M-W. Lin, T-J. Chen, C-Y. Hwang, C-C. Chen, D-D. Lee, Y-T. Chang, W-J. Wang, H-N. Liu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata in Taiwan: a case–control study Get access S‐Y. Chu, S‐Y. Chu Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐J. Chen, Y‐J. Chen Departments of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W‐C. Tseng, W‐C. Tseng Department of Medicine, Taitung Veterans Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐W. Lin, M‐W. Lin Institute of Public Health, National Yang‐Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T‐J. Chen, T‐J. Chen Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐Y. Hwang, C‐Y. Hwang Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐C. Chen, C‐C. Chen Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D‐D. Lee, D‐D. Lee Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐T. Chang, Y‐T. Chang Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Yun‐Ting Chang. E‐mail: ytchang@vghtpe.gov.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W‐J. Wang, W‐J. Wang Department of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more H‐N. Liu H‐N. Liu Department of DermatologyDepartments of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 3, 1 March 2012, Pages 525–531, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10714.x Published: 01 March 2012 Article history Accepted: 25 October 2011 Published: 01 March 2012
Selection of Tumor-Host Cell Hybrids From Polyoma Virus- and Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas2
Authors: Eva Maria Fenyö, Francis Wiener, George Klein, Henry Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Selection of Tumor-Host Cell Hybrids From Polyoma Virus- and Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas Get access Eva Maria Fenyö, Eva Maria Fenyö 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S 104 01 Stockholm 60, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis Wiener, Francis Wiener 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S 104 01 Stockholm 60, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Klein, George Klein 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S 104 01 Stockholm 60, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry Harris Henry Harris 4Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 6, December 1973, Pages 1865–1875, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.6.1865 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 07 May 1973 Accepted: 14 August 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
OSA and survival after stroke
Authors: J Mann
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Sleep apnoea has been associated with increased mortality following stroke, but not independently of potential confounding factors. This is the first study to distinguish between obstructive and centrally mediated sleep apnoea following a stroke and to investigate the influence of each on mortality.

One hundred and fifty-one patients admitted to an in-hospital stroke rehabilitation unit at the Umea University Hospital in …
Pellagra and the Origin of a Myth: Evidence from European Literature and Folklore
Authors: Jeffrey S Hampl, William S Hampl
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

Although medical publications contain examples of clinical vampirism1, blood-drinking tyrants are an unlikely basis for the European vampire folklore. Such individuals, although noted in history, were rarely encountered. More likely, the vampire legend developed out of communities' mounting fear of a disease they encountered daily. Because their understanding of medicine included aspects of magic, eighteenth and nineteenth century villagers used their belief in fables, such as vampires, to explain the unknown. Although various diseases ravaged parts of Europe during this period, a discongruity exists between the causes of the diseases and villagers' explanations for them; frequently a lingering disease was seen as having a supernatural cause, with the first victim labelled as a vampire2. Notably, the vampire belief has always been a theory of contagion; the term nosferatu, popularized by Bram Stoker's Dracula3, is an archaic term derived from the Greek nosophorus, which means 'plague carrier'4. Several diseases, including rabies5 and tuberculosis6, have been linked to the genesis of vampire folklore. In particular, the speculated relationship between erythropoietic porphyria7 and vampirism has received a great deal of media attention much to the displeasure of porphyrians worldwide8. None of these diseases satisfactorily presents clinical signs that would have been necessary to instigate the widespread European folkloric vampire belief. Although our interest is not to 'medicalize a myth'8, pellagra, a dietary deficiency of niacin and tryptophan, makes intriguing arguments for being the originator of the vampire myth. First recognized in 1735, pellagra was the scourge of Europe and then the United States for two centuries9. Pellagra is still seen occasionally in scattered populations of southern Africa, Egypt, and India10'11. After American corn (maize) was introduced to Europe, the food calories yielded per acre increased greatly over what had been provided previously by rye and wheatl2. The use of corn as a staple crop spread gradually from the Iberian Peninsula to eastern Europe9. At that time, where corn went pellagra was sure to follow, for cornmeal became
Postviral Fatigue Syndrome: Persistence of Enterovirus RNA in Muscle and Elevated Creatine Kinase
Authors: L C Archard, N E Bowles, P O Behan, E J Bell, D Doyle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Enterovirus-specific probes have been prepared by reverse transcription of conserved sequences in purified Coxsackie B2 virus genomic RNA and molecular cloning techniques. These probes were used in quantitative slot blot hybridizations to test for the presence of enterovirus-specific RNA in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from 96 patients who had suffered from the postviral fatigue syndrome myalgic encephalomyelitis for up to 20 years. Biopsy specimens from 20 patients were positive for the presence of virus-specific RNA with hybridization signals more than three standard deviations greater than the mean of the normal muscle controls. Biopsies from the remaining 76 patients were indistinguishable from the controls. These data show that enterovirus RNA is present in skeletal muscle of some patients with postviral fatigue syndrome up to 20 years after onset of disease and suggest that a persistent virus infection has an aetiological role.
Neurogastroenterology Posters
Authors: K. Bhat, A. Harper, D.A. Gorard
Journal: Gut (2001)

used, however it is expensive, has a number of potentially serious complications, and enteral nutrition (EN) has been suggested as an alternative.EN when given by nasogastric tube in HEG exacerbates the nausea and vomiting and risks aspiration.Although post-pyloric placement of feeding tubes has been suggested to avoid some of these hazards, generally this has necessitated radiation exposure; recently naso-enteral tubes have been placed endoscopically and some have used percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.Method: We have successfully used blind-placed nasojejunal (NJ) tubes in two patients with hyperemesis, avoiding the risks of both endoscopy and radiation.Both tubes were self-propelling 'Bengmark' tubes, which have a coil at the end to aid transpyloric passage.Both patients were dehydrated, had electrolyte imbalance, ketonuria and weight loss and both had been hospitalised for weeks.Both returned to normal weight while being enterally fed, one patient returned to oral feeding but the second required tube feeding until after her delivery.Both had normal deliveries and healthy, normal babies at term.The average time the tubes remained in place was 19 days, although we believe that as experience accumulates tubes will be kept in longer and there is still improved cost-eVectiveness over PN.Both patients were discharged despite dependence on EN with important psychological benefits in addition to the obvious resource advantages.Comment: PN has more serious and more frequent side-eVects that EN, although there are no studies comparing PN to EN in pregnancy or HEG.PN is expensive; the mean cost of nutritional support is generally estimated at 4-10 times greater in PN than in EN.EN in HEG has traditionally been dependent on intensive nursing back-up; however, as a result of our success with the tubes our nutrition support team has adopted NJ feeding by Bengmark tube as the preferred method of nutrition in hyperemesis gravidarum.
Gene expression signatures to predict the response of gastric cancer to cisplatin and fluorouracil
Authors: H. K. Kim, I. J. Choi, C. G. Kim, A. Oshima, J. E. Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4628 Background: A prospective high-throughput gene expression study was conducted to identify transcriptional profiles predictive of a clinical response to cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF) combination chemotherapy and to identify dysregulated genes associated with acquired resistance to CF. Methods: Endoscopic biopsy samples were collected from CF-treated metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients (pts) prior to CF (n = 123) and following the development of resistance (n = 22) at the National Cancer Center of Korea from 2001 to 2006, and analyzed using CGH and expression microarrays. We developed 2 survival risk predictors. The first predictor was constructed using genes in DNA amplicons and identified in the expression signature that correlates with survival (intrinsic resistance signature). The second predictor was based on the acquired resistance signature, which was identified by comparing matched expression array data from initially responsive patients prior to treatment with profiles obtained at progressive disease. Results: Array CGH revealed the gene amplification of MYC, EGFR, and FGFR2 whose Affymetrix U133A signals significantly correlated with a poor prognosis (P values, 0.0154, 0.0096, and 0.0057) of training set pts (n = 96). Three-gene-predicted high-risk group of the validation cohort (n = 10) demonstrated a shorter median survival than low-risk (n = 17) group (7.4 vs 16.8 months; p = 0.047). The 3-gene signature, as a continuous variable, was the independent predictor for overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) (adjusted P, 0.021, and 0.012). Importantly, the acquired resistance signature strongly overlapped the intrinsic resistance signature (LS P&lt;10 -5 ), and was highly enriched for MYC target genes (LS p = 2x10 -5 ). A predictor based on MYC target genes within the acquired resistance signature was the independent predictor for OS and TTP of 101 separate pts (adjusted p, 0.015, and 0.011). Conclusions: Combined overexpression of MYC, EGFR, and FGFR2 predicts a poor response of MGC pts to CF. There is significant overlap between intrinsic and acquired resistance signatures of MGC, where the MYC gene network plays a central role. This is the first demonstration that the acquired resistance signature predicts the initial response to chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Method to produce American Thoracic Society flow-time waveforms using a mechanical pump
Authors: JL Hankinson, JS Reynolds, MK Das, JO Viola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recently adopted a new set of 26 standard flow-time waveforms for use in testing both diagnostic and monitoring devices. Some of these waveforms have a higher frequency content than present in the ATS-24 standard volume-time waveforms, which, when produced by a mechanical pump, may result in a pump flow output that is less than the desired flow due to gas compression losses within the pump. To investigate the effects of gas compression, a mechanical pump was used to generate the necessary flows to test mini-Wright and Assess peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters. Flow output from the pump was measured by two different independent methods, a pneumotachometer and a method based on piston displacement and pressure measured within the pump. Measuring output flow based on piston displacement and pressure has been validated using a pneumotachometer and mini-Wright PEF meter, and found to accurately measure pump output. This method introduces less resistance (lower back-pressure) and dead space volume than using a pneumotachometer in series with the meter under test. Pump output flow was found to be lower than the desired flow both with the mini-Wright and Assess meters (for waveform No. 26, PEFs 7.1 and 10.9% lower, respectively). To compensate for losses due to gas compression, we have developed a method of deriving new input waveforms, which, when used to drive a commercially available mechanical pump, accurately and reliably produces the 26 ATS flow-time waveforms, even those with the fastest rise-times.
Abstract 82: Mechanical CPR Is Associated with Poor Neurologically Intact Survival in a Statewide Registry
Authors: Scott Youngquist, Patrick Ockerse, Chris Stratford, Peter Taillac
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Large, randomized trials have concluded that mechanical CPR (mech-CPR) is equivalent to manual CPR (man-CPR) with respect to outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, outside of such well-controlled settings, the performance of mech-CPR is uncertain. We sought to determine the association, if any, between mech-CPR use and outcomes in a large, statewide registry of cardiac arrest. METHODS: The Utah State CARES registry began collecting outcomes on all cardiac arrests in the state of Utah in July of 2012. We analyzed data from this registry to determine the comparative performance of resuscitations utilizing mech-CPR vs man-CPR. Neurologically-intact survival was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2. RESULTS: Mech-CPR was performed on 237/1,567 OHCAs (15%) during the 1.5 year period of analysis. The majority of devices used were of the load-distributing band type 213/237 (90%). Neurologically-intact survival was 10/237 (4%) in the cohort receiving mech-CPR vs 149/1,330 (11%) in the cohort receiving man-CPR. When controlling for Utstein variables (TABLE), mech-CPR was associated with significantly reduced odds of neurologically-intact survival, with an adjusted odds ratio 0.4 (95% CI 0.2-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a statistically significant association between mech-CPR use during resuscitation and reduced odds of neurologically-intact survival in our statewide cardiac arrest database. Outside of randomized trials, the resuscitation performance of mech-CPR devices may suffer from poor implementation or increased application to non-viable survivors. Residual confounding of this observational finding is also possible.
Characteristics of the patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed by labial biopsy
Authors: Gulfer Okumus, Nilay Orak Akbay, Zuleyha Bingol, Yasemin Ozluk, Dilek Yilmazbayhan, Feyza Erkan, Tulin Cagatay, Levent Tabak, Zeki Kilicaslan, Esen Kiyan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: The labial biopsy is a minimal invasive method which is used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. A few studies reported that labial biopsy is an important diagnostic method for differantiating sarcoidosis from tuberculosis or Sjogren’s syndrome. However, characteristics of the patients who were diagnosed sarcoidosis by labial biopsy have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of the sarcoidosis patients who diagnosed with labial biopsy.  Material and method: This retrospective study included 32 patients (25F,7M, age=44years). While 40% of them were asymptomatic, the most common symptoms were cough, weakness and weight loss. According to the radiology 62% of the patients had stage II, 31% stage I, 7% stage III. Pulmonary function tests and DLCO were normal at 70% of the patients (mean FVC=3040ml). There was no extrapulmonary involvement in 43% of the patients. The most common extrapulmonary involvement was eye (28%). Diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological findings and labial biopsy in 65% of the patients. The other organ biopsies (liver, skin, lung, abdominal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy) had also been positive in addition to the labial biopsy in 11 patients. Bronchoscopy performed to ten patients. Five of them had diagnostic biopsy and the others diagnosed by labial biopsy. Corticosteroids were given to 31% of the patients with the mean duration of 6-12 months.  Conclusion: Labial biopsy is a minimal invasive, easy attainable method and this method should be used for the diagnosis of stage I and II sarcoidosis with clinical and radiological correlation.
Dermatoepidemiology; what's up people?
Authors: T. Nijsten, C. Apfelbacher, P. Gisondi, J. Silverberg, A. Cohen, S. Barbarot, M. Wakkee, K. Ezzedine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The term 'epidemiology' originates from the Greek language and literally means 'the study of what is upon the people'. There are many more modern definitions of epidemiology such as 'the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations'.1 The relationship between epidemiology and public health is close. Epidemiology focuses on the pathogenesis of the disease, i.e. determinants. Public health primarily aims at prevention, evaluation of care and medical decisionmaking. Epidemiology is frequently described as the 'basic science of public health' and is, in conjunction with health economics and social sciences, the methodological backbone for public health. The exciting aspect of epidemiology is that it is often exploratory and hypothesis generating. However, for observational research to become 'real', the findings need to be replicated in other populations, further explained by laboratory research and evaluated by clinical research. Although the realm is very broad‐ranging, from understanding pathogenesis to informing disease control and prevention, at the BJD we are very interested in clinical epidemiological studies that have the patients' benefit in mind (Fig. 1).