tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diuretics and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Christopher H. Cabell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 August 1996Diuretics and Sudden Cardiac DeathChristopher H. Cabell, MD and Eugene Z. Oddone, MDChristopher H. Cabell, MDDuke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this author and Eugene Z. Oddone, MDDuke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Both β-blockers and non-potassium-sparing diuretics are mainstay antihypertensive therapies for many patients. Placebo-controlled trials have shown clinically meaningful reductions in the rates of stroke, coronary heart disease, and mortality when hypertension is controlled by these agents [1, 2]. We should not, however, universally accept the utility of these drugs without considering potential untoward side effects. We must critically examine studies that attempt to show an increased risk for sudden death associated with these agents. It is under the scrutiny of critical analysis that we feel the recent article by Hoes and colleagues [3] has serious shortcomings.Two ...References1. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Hebert P, Fiebach NH, Eberlein KA, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease: Part 2. Shortterm reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet. 1990; 335:827-38. Google Scholar2. Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program: I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. JAMA. 1979; 242:2562-71. Google Scholar3. Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, Lubsen J, Veld AJ, van der Does E, Hofman A. Diuretics, β-blockers, and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:481-7. Google Scholar4. Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. A consumer's guide to subgroup analyses. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:78-84. Google Scholar5. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown; 1991:283-302. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 347KeywordsAntihypertensive drug therapyCardiovascular diseasesDeath ratesDiureticsHypertensionMortalityRelative riskRisk managementStrokeSudden cardiac death Issue Published: 15 August 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Aberrant Toll-like receptor 2 promoter methylation in blood cells from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Yung-Che Chen, Chang-Chun Hsiao, Chung-Jen Chen, Tung-Ying Chao, Sum-Yee Leung, Shih-Feng Liu, Chin-Chou Wang, Ting-Ya Wang, Jen-Chieh Chang, Chao-Chien Wu, An-Shen Lin, Yi-Hsi Wang, Meng-Chih Lin
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Catching up the Europeans in preventing heart disease.
Authors: V H Needham
Journal: BMJ (1986)

concern for food and health (and, indeed, smok- ing, drinking, and health) should watch the policiesofthe various political paries in the run up to the next general election with interest.Meanwhile you, Sir, in common with the editors of other medical journals, can encourage the "full independence" you rightly seek by requiinng your contributors (and correspondents)'to declare their interests and sources of funding for publication.
Nasal CPAP: an objective evaluation of patient compliance.
Authors: M K Reeves-Hoche, R Meck, C W Zwillich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) improves sleepiness and prognosis in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our objective was to document NCPAP compliance and the percentage of time that the effective pressure shown to eliminate 95% of the obstructive apneas and hypopneas was maintained. We built and covertly installed an elapsed timer and mask pressure transducer recorder in NCPAP units of 47 OSA patients. Subjects were seen at 2- to 8-wk intervals over 6 months. Group mean age was 51 yr; 38 males, with mean body mass index of 42; all complained of daytime sleepiness. Initial full night polysomnography demonstrated a mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 58 +/- 2.6 SEM (range, 10 to 115). Nine subjects discontinued therapy within 3 months for various reasons. In the remaining subjects (n = 38) the actual mean nightly hours of use was 4.7 which represents 68% of the stated total sleep time (compliance). However, effective mean hours of use was 4.3 which represents 91% of the time that prescribed effective pressure was maintained at the mask. The AHI did not correlate with compliance, but did correlate with effective use (R = 0.27048, p = 0.0006). Subjective initial complaints of daytime sleepiness correlated with compliance only during the first visit (R = 0.38590, p = 0.05). No predictors for compliance were found.
Ultraorthodox Jews riot in Israel after mother arrested for Munchausen by proxy
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Hundreds of Jerusalem residents of the ultraorthodox Mea Shearim quarter took to the streets and demonstrated after a mother was arrested. She is accused of starving and abusing her three and a half year old boy for two years as a result of fabricated or induced illness, the psychiatric disorder Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy. A few dozen people were arrested. The parents are members of a concentrated extremist Hasidic sect. 

Some residents burned dustbins, threw rocks at policemen and passersby, and smashed equipment in a welfare office. The violence surged after a court “gag order” was cancelled, allowing the press to publish the story (but …
Ischemia induces surface membrane dysfunction. Mechanism of altered Na+-dependent glucose transport.
Authors: B A Molitoris, R Kinne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Reversible ischemia reduced renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake (336 +/- 31 vs. 138 +/- 30 pmol/mg per 2 s, P less than 0.01) but had no effect on Na+-independent glucose or Na+-dependent L-alanine uptake. The effect on D-glucose uptake was present after only 15 min of ischemia and was due to a reduction in maximum velocity (1913 +/- 251 vs. 999 +/- 130 pmol/mg per 2 s; P less than 0.01). This reduction was not due to more rapid dissipation of the Na+ gradient, altered sidedness of the vesicles, or an alteration in membrane potential. Ischemia did, however, reduce the BBM sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine (SPH/PC) and cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios and the number of specific high-affinity Na+-dependent phlorizin binding sites (390 +/- 43 vs. 146 +/- 24 pmol/mg; P less than 0.01) without altering the binding dissociation constant (Kd). 20 mM benzyl alcohol also reduced the number of Na+-dependent phlorizin binding sites (418 +/- 65 vs. 117 +/- 46; P less than 0.01) without altering Kd. The reduction in Na+-dependent D-glucose transport correlated with ischemic-induced changes in the BBM SPH/PC and cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratios and membrane fluidity. Taken together these data indicate the cellular site responsible for ischemic-induced reduction in renal cortical transcellular glucose transport is the BBM. We propose the mechanism involves marked alterations in BBM lipids leading to large increases in BBM fluidity which reduces the binding capacity of Na+-dependent glucose carriers. These data indicate that reversible ischemia has profound effects on the surface membrane function of epithelial cells.
Sirolimus for the Prevention of In-Stent Restenosis in a Coronary Artery
Authors: Andrew R. Marks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Sirolimus (rapamycin), an inhibitor of in-stent restenosis in the coronary arteries, is having a substantial effect on the care of patients with coronary artery disease, was discovered in a soil sample from Easter Island (known locally as Rapa Nui). A naturally occurring product that is isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, sirolimus is an extremely lipophilic (hydrophobic) macrolide that was initially developed as an antifungal agent on the basis of its ability to inhibit the growth of yeast. However, sirolimus was quickly observed to have potent immunosuppressive activity in mammals, which put a halt to its development as an antibiotic.In 1988, . . .
Anaesthetic complications of a weight reducing regimen.
Authors: J. M. Field
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Une jeune fille atteinte d'appendicite aigue est trouvee tres hypokaliemique a la suite d'une regime amaigrissant comportant une diuretique thiazidique. La kaliemie est restauree par perfusions de KCl sous controle ECG. L'anesthesie et l'intervention sont faites sans les complications cardiaques qu'on pourrait craindre
Head Injury From Antiquity to the Present With Special Reference to Penetrating Head Wounds
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<b>Clinical Neurosurgery,</b>vol 19, edited by George T. Tindall (proceedings, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Miami, Fla, October 1971), 598 pp, with illus, $26, Williams &amp; Wilkins Co., 1972. It is an unusual coincidence that the Honored Guest at the 1971 meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons should have been Dr. Gurdjian, that the subject should have been head trauma, and that about the same time his own little book on head trauma should have appeared. In the latter, transcribed from the Beaumont Lecture of the Wayne County Medical Society, the chief interest lies in the historical accounts of trephining; the role of combat in producing head injuries and their treatment; and the various protective devices used for persons involved in combat, and more relevant, the devices used now in preventing automobile accidents. The last chapter on recent studies of mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment is so terse and abbreviated that
Goitrous Tracheal Compression Successfully Treated Medically
Authors: Neil J. Elgee
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A 20-year-old man with stridor and dyspnea from goitrous tracheal compression was treated with large doses of thyroid hormone derivatives and had complete regression of symptoms and goiter with restoration of the tracheal lumen. Surgery was not necessary. This "suppressive" medical approach has a sound physiologic basis and should be considered in the management of nontoxic goiter.
Controlled delivery of recombinant hirudin based on thermo-sensitive Pluronic® F127 hydrogel for subcutaneous administration: In vitro and in vivo characterization
Authors: Yu Liu, Wan-Liang Lu, Jian-Cheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Hua Zhang, Xue-Qing Wang, Tian-Yan Zhou, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Expression of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in chronic pulmonary thromboemboli.
Authors: I M Lang, J J Marsh, M A Olman, K M Moser, D J Loskutoff, R R Schleef
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is the result of nonresolving pulmonary emboli that lead to chronic obstruction of the central pulmonary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine if the failure to lyse pulmonary thromboemboli is caused by the local expression of the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1), levels of PAI-1 antigen and mRNA were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in specimens harvested from a series of patients during pulmonary thromboendarterectomies. Red, fibrin-rich thrombi within the thromboendarterectomy specimens were lined with a single layer of endothelial cells exhibiting high levels of PAI-1 antigen. Quantitation of the in situ hybridization signal revealed that a significant increase in PAI-1 mRNA was present in the endothelial cells lining the fresh thrombi in comparison to the signal present in the endothelial cells from noninvolved areas of patients' pulmonary arteries (n = 16, P &lt; .001). In contrast, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen levels were low in all samples. Yellowish-white thrombi were composed of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in numerous vessels that stained prominently for PAI-1 antigen. Both types of cells within the highly organized tissues also exhibited elevated PAI-1 mRNA levels in comparison to patient pulmonary artery specimens that were free of thrombus (n = 16, P &lt; .02). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PAI-1 expression within pulmonary thromboemboli suggests that this inhibitory may play a role in the stabilization of vascular thrombi.
Effective lung cancer screening is possible
Authors: D. R. Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (2014)

McCartney makes a case against high profile TV programmes that give an unbalanced view of screening.1 As a lung cancer screening expert interviewed in one such programme, I agree.

Those working in lung cancer research know how little priority is given to this disease that kills more people than breast and bowel cancer combined. McCartney’s article is no exception, with only one accurate but completely inadequate sentence devoted to …
Reward in the mirror neuron system, social context, and the implications on psychopathology
Authors: Elliot C. Brown, Martin Brüne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Positive and negative reinforcers guide our behaviors as we interact with others in our social environment. Here, we present evidence that highlights a central role for reward in the general functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS). We also discuss the relevance of reward-related modulation on other previous findings revealing certain properties of the MNS, and on social context and psychopathology.
Deconstructing RTK: How to explicate a theory of implicit knowledge
Authors: Josef Perner, Zoltan Dienes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

In this response, we start from first principles, building up our theory to show more precisely what assumptions we do and do not make about the representational nature of implicit and explicit knowledge (in contrast to the target article, where we started our exposition with a description of a fully fledged representational theory of knowledge (RTK). Along the way, we indicate how our analysis does not rely on linguistic representations but it implies that implicit knowledge is causally efficacious; we discuss the relationship between property structure implicitness and conceptual and nonconceptual content; then we consider the factual, fictional, and functional uses of representations and how we go from there to consciousness. Having shown how the basic theory deals with foundational criticisms, we indicate how the theory can elucidate issues that commentators raised in the particular application areas of explicitation, voluntary control, visual perception, memory, development (with discussion on infancy, theory of mind [TOM] and executive control, gestures), and finally models of learning.
Whenever next: Hierarchical timing of perception and action
Authors: Linus Holm, Guy Madison
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The target article focuses on the predictive coding of “what” and “where” something happened and the “where” and “what” response to make. We extend that scope by addressing the “when” aspect of perception and action. Successful interaction with the environment requires predictions of everything from millisecond-accurate motor timing to far future events. The hierarchical framework seems appropriate for timing.
What's wrong with having more than one consultant grade?
Authors: Richard Hayward
Journal: BMJ (2004)

At the age of thirty something, budding specialist registrars can expect to become a consultant—a post they may occupy for the next 30 years. But once they have reached this dizzy height what challenges remain to them in terms of career progression? The answer, of course, is none. Consultant-hood is a plateau. There is no higher grade. My own experience, after my appointment as consultant, was one of anticlimax. What was I to do next? Of course my new responsibilities were a challenge: I wanted to establish myself, in my own eyes and among my peers. I ploughed on, but I confess now to having felt not a little depressed. I'd worked so hard to get my new position, and now there was this sudden gap in my life. How was I to fill it?

> My experience, after appointment as consultant, was an anticlimax 

There were various possibilities. I could lie back and do as little work as possible while I concentrated on non-medical life—on my …
THE ANTIRACHITIC VALUE OF IRRADIATED WHEAT
Authors: FREDERICK F. TISDALL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is more than five years since Steenbock,<sup>1</sup>closely followed by Hess,<sup>2</sup>reported the epoch-making discovery of the antirachitic activation of food substances by their exposure to rays from the mercury quartz lamp. No extensive reports of the clinical effects of foods so treated have yet been recorded, as commercially irradiated foods have become available only during the past year. In addition, on account of the almost universal exposure to sunshine and skyshine during the summer months, it is possible from the practical standpoint to test the clinical value of irradiated foods only during the winter season. Such tests are now under way in this clinic but on account of the paucity of suitable material it will be some months before an adequate report can be made. However, during the past year in our laboratories about 1,500 rats have been utilized in a study of the antirachitic effect
Locally Produced and Serum Derived Antibodies in "Local Immunity"
Authors: Rolf Freter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

In this issue of the Journal, Ogra and his coworkers present evidence that protection against nasopharyngeal reinfection with rubella virus requires the presence of antibody at that site, rather than in the serum. The appearance of nasopharyngeal antibody is best explained as a consequence of local rubella-virus replication of either wild or live attenuated vaccine strains. This is in apparent contrast to earlier data reviewed by the authors, which had suggested that nasopharyngeal immunity to reinfection could be correlated with the presence of serum antibodies. Seemingly contradictory evidence of this kind is frequently found in the published literature concerned with . . .
Evolutionary Diversification of Protein-Coding Genes of Hantaviruses
Authors: Austin L. Hughes, Robert Friedman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Phylogenetic analyses of the S:, M, and L: genes of the hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) revealed three well-differentiated clades corresponding to viruses parasitic on three subfamilies (Murinae, Arvicolinae, and Sigmodontinae) of the rodent family Muridae. In rooted trees of M: and L: genes, the viruses with hosts belonging to Murinae formed an outgroup to those with hosts in Arvicolinae and Sigmodontinae. This phylogeny corresponded with a phylogeny of the murid subfamilies based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, supporting the hypothesis that hantaviruses have coevolved with their mammalian hosts at least since the common ancestor of these three subfamilies, which probably occurred about 50 MYA. The nucleocapsid protein (encoded by the S: gene) differentiated among the viruses parasitic on the three subfamilies in such a way that a high frequency of amino acid residue charge changes occurred in a hypervariable (HV) portion of the molecule, and nonsynonymous nucleotide differences causing amino acid charge changes in the HV region occurred significantly more frequently than expected under random substitution. Along with evidence that at least in some hantaviruses the HV region is a target for host antibodies and the known importance of charged residues in determining antibody epitopes, these results suggest that changes in the HV region may represent adaptation to host-specific characteristics of the immune response.
Comparative Analysis of Splice Site Regions by Information Content
Authors: T. Shashi Rekha, Chanchal K. Mitra
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract We have applied concepts from information theory for a comparative analysis of donor (gt) and acceptor (ag) splice site regions in the genes of five different organisms by calculating their mutual information content (relative entropy) over a selected block of nucleotides. A similar pattern that the information content decreases as the block size increases was observed for both regions in all the organisms studied. This result suggests that the information required for splicing might be contained in the consensus of ~6–8 nt at both regions. We assume from our study that even though the nucleotides are showing some degrees of conservation in the flanking regions of the splice sites, certain level of variability is still tolerated, which leads the splicing process to occur normally even if the extent of base pairing is not fully satisfied. We also suggest that this variability can be compensated by recognizing different splice sites with different spliceosomal factors.
In vitro proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: evidence for Fas-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Yann-Erick Claessens, Didier Bouscary, Jean-Michel Dupont, Françoise Picard, Josiane Melle, Sylvie Gisselbrecht, Catherine Lacombe, François Dreyfus, Patrick Mayeux, Michaëla Fontenay-Roupie
Journal: Blood (2002)
Systemic arteriovenous malformations: a feature of advanced liver disease.
Authors: R Alcolado, J Bowry, P J Winwood, C A Loehry
Journal: Gut (1994)

Arterial and arteriovenous abnormalities are reported in association with advanced liver disease, those most commonly recognised are spider naevi, pulmonary arteriovenous shunts, and generalised vasodilatation. The first two cases of peripheral systemic arteriovenous malformations in association with cirrhosis are reported. After liver transplantation in one of these patients the vascular malformation regressed. A review of published works shows that other vascular complications of advanced liver disease such as pulmonary shunts and generalised vasodilation also regress after orthotopic liver transplantation.