tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap: Health disparity research initiatives through the department of defense (DOD) congressionally directed medical research programs (CDMRP) prostate cancer research program (PCRP)
Authors: Virgil H. Simons, T. E. Carey, J. Dekernion, R. Dreicer, M. Liebert, D. Miller, G. Prins, T. Ratliff, M. Roach, H. Soule, J. Smith, N. Vogelzang, F. Waldman, K. Bertram, L. Giambarresi, B. Terry-Koroma, T. Miller, I. Bisceglio, J. Bernard, E. Pisha
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

2551 

Background: The Minority Health Initiative was launched in fiscal year 1997 (FY97) for the CDMRP. The primary purpose of this initiative was to increase the quantity and quality of CDMRP-funded cancer research on minority populations and to address the disparities in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Methods: The PCRP has disbursed funds via a two-step peer-reviewed process recommended by the Institute of Medicine. This report analyzes the DOD PCRP Health Disparity Research Initiatives and funding for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) from FY97-04. Results: For Health Disparity Research Initiatives approximately $36.0 million (M) has been awarded through FY03, and approximately $5.9M has been approved for funding in FY04. Additionally, 20 awards have been made to 11 HBCU institutions totaling $7.7M, and 46 awards have been made to seven minority institutions (MI) through FY03. In FY04 approximately $2.2M and $5.2M have been approved for funding HBCU and MI, respectively. The leading areas of funded research have focused on genetics, diet, biomarkers, quality of life, prevention, and risk factors. Two award mechanisms, the HBCU Collaborative Partnership Award and the HBCU/MI Undergraduate Collaborative Summer Training Award, were presented by the PCRP in FY04 addressing these issues. Conclusions: The DOD’s Minority Health Initiative is strengthening the nation’s prostate cancer research portfolio by encouraging investigators to address the needs of minorities and other underserved populations in their research protocols and to encourage minority investigator and institution participation in the grant process.
The Proceedings of The Charaka Club.
Authors: Geo. H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Intervals and Techniques for Screening Sigmoidoscopy--Reply
Authors: Robert E. Schoen, Paul F. Pinsky, Joel L. Weissfeld, Robert S. Bresalier, Timothy Church, Philip Prorok, John K. Gohagan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The necessary frequency of endoscopic colorectal cancer screening after a negative examination is uncertain.To examine the yield of adenomas and cancer in the distal colon found by repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG) 3 years after a negative examination.Participants were drawn from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO), a randomized, controlled community-based study of cancer screening. The mean (SD) age was 65.7 (4.0) years at study entry (1993-1995) and 61.6% were men. Individuals underwent screening FSG at baseline and at 3 years as part of the protocol and were referred to their personal physicians for further evaluation of screen-detected abnormalities. Results from subsequent diagnostic evaluations were tracked in a standardized fashion. Of 11 583 eligible for repeat screening FSG 3 years after an initial negative examination, 9317 (80.4%) returned.Polyp or mass detection in distal colon at year 3 repeat FSG; incidence of adenoma or cancer in distal colon at year 3 examination; determination of reason for detection (increased depth of insertion or improved preparation at the year 3 examination or detection in a previously examined area).A total of 1292 returning participants (13.9%) had a polyp or mass detected by FSG 3 years after the initial examination. In the distal colon, 3.1% (292/9317) were found to have an adenoma or cancer. The incidence of advanced adenoma (n = 72) or cancer (n = 6) in the distal colon was 78 (0.8%) of 9317. Of individuals with advanced distal adenomas detected at the year 3 examination, 80.6% (58/72) had lesions found in a portion of the colon that had been adequately examined at the initial sigmoidoscopy.Repeat FSG 3 years after a negative examination will detect advanced adenomas and distal colon cancer. Although the overall percentage with detected abnormalities is modest, these data raise concern about the impact of a prolonged screening interval after a negative examination.
Protective role of palmitoylethanolamide in contact allergic dermatitis
Authors: S. Petrosino, L. Cristino, M. Karsak, E. Gaffal, N. Ueda, T. Tüting, T. Bisogno, D. De Filippis, A. D’Amico, C. Saturnino, P. Orlando, A. Zimmer, T. Iuvone, V. Di Marzo
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article: Petrosino S, Cristino L, Karsak M, Gaffal E, Ueda N, Tüting T, Bisogno T, De Filippis D, D’Amico A, Saturnino C, Orlando P, Zimmer A, Iuvone T, Di Marzo V. Protective role of palmitoylethanolamide in contact allergic dermatitis. Allergy 2010; 65 : 698–711. Abstract Background: Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an anti‐inflammatory mediator that enhances the activation by anandamide (AEA) of cannabinoid receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) channels, and directly activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α). In mice, 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)‐induced contact allergic dermatitis (CAD) in inflamed ears is partly mediated by the chemokine Monocyte Chemotactic Protein‐2 (MCP‐2) and accompanied by elevation of AEA levels. No datum is available on PEA regulation and role in CAD. Objective: We examined whether PEA is produced during DNFB‐induced CAD, and if it has any direct protective action in keratinocytes in vitro . Methods: Eight‐ to ten‐week‐old female C57BL/6J wild‐type and CB 1 /CB 2 double knock‐out mice were used to measure PEA levels and the expression of TRPV1, PPAR‐α receptors and enzymes responsible for PEA biosynthesis and degradation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were stimulated with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid [poly‐(I:C)], and the expression and release of MCP‐2 were measured in the presence of PEA and antagonists of its proposed receptors. Results: 2,4‐Dinitrofluorobenzene increased ear skin PEA levels and up‐regulated TRPV1, PPAR‐α and a PEA‐biosynthesizing enzyme in ear keratinocytes. In HaCaT cells, stimulation with poly‐(I:C) elevated the levels of both PEA and AEA, and exogenous PEA (10 μM) inhibited poly‐(I:C)‐induced expression and release of MCP‐2 in a way reversed by antagonism at TRPV1, but not PPAR‐α. PEA (5–10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) also inhibited DNFB‐induced ear inflammation in mice in vivo , in a way attenuated by TRPV1 antagonism. Conclusions: We suggest that PEA is an endogenous protective agent against DNFB‐induced keratinocyte inflammation and could be considered for therapeutic use against CAD.
TV: Ethics in a twist
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Life Support , BBC1, Mondays at 9 30 pm, 19 July to 23 August

This new drama series offers a package tour of the major issues in medical ethics. A large old inner city Scottish hospital has employed a clinical ethicist, and there—in the time honoured phrase—the trouble begins. The central character, Katherine Doone, is 30-something, clever, forceful, committed, and quite hard not to watch. In her dealings with the lumpen consultariat she variously simmers, flounces, and erupts. With patients and relatives, she is all charm and insight, and—it goes without saying—a far better communicator than any of her medical colleagues. You know when she is thinking serious ethics because her brow furrows and her lips purse. Off duty, she is troubled and vulnerable, a mystery on the local singles scene. In short, the ideal ethicist for a controversial medical drama series.

With three episodes down and three to go, we have learned a lot. Dilemmas arise in the care of patients with brain damage and quadriplegia, refractory childhood leukaemia, and a lady solicitor with obstetric complications, …
Abstract 2763: A Novel Method of Expressing Left Ventricular Mass Relative to Body Size in Children
Authors: Bethany Foster, Andrew Mackie, Mark Mitsnefes, Huma Ali, Silvia Mamber, Steven Colan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common outcome measure in studies of cardiovascular health in children. A widely used definition of pediatric LVH is a LV mass index (LVMI, g/m 2.7 )&gt; 95 th percentile for healthy children – determined to be 38.6 in a single pediatric reference population. However, LVMI increases with decreasing height in young children; it is therefore a suboptimal method of normalizing LV mass for body size and of defining LVH. The 95 th %ile LVMI in any reference population will depend heavily on the height and age distribution of the population. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a novel method of expressing LV mass relative to body size (centile curves) to the LVMI method. LV mass was estimated using 2D-guided M-mode echocardiography in 440 healthy, non-obese (BMI&lt; 95 th %ile) reference children (birth to 21 y) and 239 children at risk for LVH (hypertension, chronic kidney disease); the LVMI was calculated for all children. Three samples of 270 children, each with different age distributions, were drawn from the reference population, and a sample-specific 95 th %ile LVMI was determined for each sample and for the whole reference group. At risk children were classified as having LVH or not based on each sample-specific 95 th %ile. Then four sets of LV mass-for-height centile curves were constructed using Cole’s Lambda-Mu-Sigma method and data from each reference sample. At risk children were each assigned a LV mass-for-height %ile using these curves, and were re-classified as having LVH if the LV mass-for-height was &gt;95 th %ile. Table 1 provides results. The centile method provided a stable estimate of the proportion of at risk children with LVH regardless of reference group, whereas proportion estimates varied widely, and significantly, depending on reference population when the LVMI method was used. LV mass-for-height centile curves are superior to LVMI as a method for normalizing LV mass to body size in children. Table 1
Chronic fatigue in 812 testicular cancer survivors during long-term follow-up: increasing prevalence and risk factors
Authors: M. Sprauten, H.S. Haugnes, M. Brydøy, C. Kiserud, T. Tandstad, T. Bjøro, J. Bjerner, M. Cvancarova, S.D. Fosså, J. Oldenburg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Critical role of hexokinase II in 3-Bromopyruvate-induced cell death: A potential target for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Chen, Ruihua Xu, Geetha Achanta, Hui Zhang, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4695 

One important metabolic feature of cancer cells is their increased dependence on glycolysis for ATP generation, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic alteration provides a biological basis for inhibiting glycolysis as a mean to preferentially kill cancer cells. Previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of glycolysis by 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) effectively killed cancer cells that were highly glycolytic due to hypoxia or mitochondrial defects. Here we report that hexokinase II (HK II), an enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of the glycolytic pathway, plays an important role in mediating the cytotoxic action of 3-BrPA. Treatment of cancer cells with 3-BrPA resulted in a preferential covalent modification of HK II protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as evidenced by a gel mobility shift of the HK II band under denaturing conditions. This chemical modification was also demonstrated in vitro when protein extracts were incubated with 3-BrPA in a cell-free mixture. The hexokinase enzyme activity was inhibited by 3-BrPA in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, this compound did not cause a mobility shift of the HK II band in two clones of cells that were resistant to 3-BrPA, suggesting that KH II is a critical drug target. Direct treatment of isolated mitochondria with 3-BrPA caused a dissociation of HK II from the mitochondria, and the released HK II appeared as an up-shifted band upon SDS-PAGE analysis. Subsequent to 3-BrPA-induced HK II dissociation from the mitochondria, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was released from the mitochondria. Interestingly, there was no significant cytochrome c release under these experimental conditions. Our data suggest that 3-BrPA may directly target HK II and cause cell death by two important mechanisms: depletion of ATP by inhibition of glycolysis and release of AIF by its dissociation from the mitochondria. Because the Warburg effect is frequently seen in cancers and HK II is over-expressed in many cancer cells, targeting HK II seems to be a logical strategy to effectively and selectively kill cancer cells.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Structure versus Visual Field Function in Patients with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Donald C. Hood, Susan Anderson, Jacinthe Rouleau, Adam S. Wenick, Larissa K. Grover, Myles M. Behrens, Jeffrey G. Odel, Andrew G. Lee, Randy H. Kardon
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Abstract 3949: Microrna142 3p promotes tumorinitiating and radioresistant properties in malignant pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Shih-Hwa Chiou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Primary central nervous system (CNS) atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is an extremely malignant pediatric brain tumor in infancy and childhood. It has been reported that subpopulation of CD133+ cells isolated from ATRT tumors present cancer stem-like and radioresistant property. However, the exact biomolecular mechanism of ATRT or AT/RT-CD133+ is still unclear. In this study, we firstly showed that CD133-positive AT/RT cells (CD133+) have a pluripotent differentiation ability and the capability of malignant cells to be highly resistant to ionizing radiation (IR). Using microRNA array and quantitative RT-PCR, our data showed that expression of miR142-3p was lower in AT/RT-CD133+ than in AT/RT-CD133−. MiR142-3p overexpression significantly inhibited self-renewal and tumorigenicity of AT/RT-CD133+. On the contrary, silencing of endogenous miR142-3p dramatically increased tumor-initiating and stem-like cell capacities in ATRT or AT/RT-CD133− cells, and further promoted the mesenchymal-transitional and radioresistant properties of ATRT cells. Most importantly, therapeutic delivery of miR142-3p in ATRT effectively reduced its lethality by blocking tumor growth, repressing invasiveness, increasing radiosensitivity, and prolonging survival time in orthotropic-transplanted NOD-SCID mice. These results demonstrate the prospect of developing novel miRNA-based strategies to block the stem-like and radioresistant property of malignant pediatric brain cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Shih-Hwa Chiou. Microrna142 3p promotes tumorinitiating and radioresistant properties in malignant pediatric brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3949. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3949
Terbinafine-induced lupus erythematosus
Authors: None Murphy, None Barnes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Terbinafine‐induced lupus erythematosus Get access M. Murphy, M. Murphy Department of Dermatology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Barnes L. Barnes Department of Dermatology, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Irish Republic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 138, Issue 4, 1 April 1998, Pages 708–709, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02194.x Published: 01 April 1998
Abstract 17994: Echocardiographic parameters of Left Ventricular Size and Function as Predictors of Symptomatic Heart Failure in Patients with Low Normal Ejection Fraction Treated with Anthracyclines
Authors: Negareh Mousavi, Timothy Tan, Mohammad Ali, Elkan F. Halpern, Lin Wang, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether baseline echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) size and function predict the development of symptomatic heart failure or cardiac death (major adverse cardiac events, MACE) in patients treated with anthracyclines who have a pre-chemotherapy left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the low normal range (between 50-59%). Background: Anthracycline-induced symptomatic heart failure and impaired LVEF are late and often irreversible manifestations of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The value of echocardiographic parameters of myocardial size and function before chemotherapy to identify patients at high-risk for development of symptomatic heart failure in patients with low normal LVEF was studied. Methods: Patients with a LVEF between 50 and 59% before anthracyclines were selected. In these patients, LV volumes, LVEF and peak longitudinal strain (GLS) were measured. Individuals were followed for MACE and all-cause mortality over a median of 659 days (range; 3-3704 days). Results: Of 2234 patients undergoing echocardiography for pre-anthracycline assessment, 158 (7%) had a resting ejection fraction of 50-59%. Their average LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was 101±22ml, LVEF was 54 ±3% and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was -17.7±2.6%. Twelve patients experienced a MACE (congestive heart failure) at a median of 173 days (range; 15-530). Age, diabetes, previous coronary artery disease, LVEDV, LVESV and GLS were all-predictive of MACE (P= 0.015, 0.0043 and 0.0065 for LVEDV, LVESV, and GLS respectively). LVEDV and GLS remained predictive of MACE when adjusted for age. Age and GLS were also predictive of overall mortality (p&lt;0.0001 and 0.0105 respectively). Conclusions: In patients treated with anthracyclines with an LVEF of 50-59%, both baseline EDV and GLS predict the occurrence of MACE. These parameters may help target patients who could bene[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#64257;]]t from closer cardiac surveillance and earlier initiation of cardioprotective medical therapy.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bruce C Campbell, Geoffrey A Donnan, Stephen M Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: In the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) trial, reported by Kidwell et al. (March 7 issue), 1 22 participating centers enrolled 118 patients during the period from 2004 through 2011.Thus, on average, each participating center enrolled 1 patient every 16 months.This extremely low rate may suggest that inclusion in the trial was selective and not representative of patients with stroke in general.This notion is supported by the poor outcomes reported for both forms of treatment in the study.A good clinical outcome, defined as a 90-day score of 2 or less on the modified Rankin scale (ranging from 0 [no symptoms] to 6 [death]), was achieved in 44% of the patients in the Local versus Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SYNTHESIS Expansion) trial reported by Ciccone et al. 2 and in 42% of the patients in the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial reported by Broderick et al.3 in the same issue.However, the corresponding proportion in the MR RESCUE study was only 19%.Assessment of a diagnostic tool with ineffective treatment methods will make even a very valuable diagnostic tool appear to be useless. 4Accordingly, when the value of perfusion imaging is addressed in a population in which neither of the treatment methods under study appears to work, the validity of the entire study may be questionable.Unfortunately,
Single platelets seal neutrophil-induced vascular breaches via GPVI during immune-complex–mediated inflammation in mice
Authors: Angèle Gros, Varouna Syvannarath, Lamia Lamrani, Véronique Ollivier, Stéphane Loyau, Tobias Goerge, Bernhard Nieswandt, Martine Jandrot-Perrus, Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
Journal: Blood (2015)
A patient who made me think: We should not play God
Authors: P. A Andrews
Journal: BMJ (2003)

It was shortly before Christmas. Richard was 38 years old and had inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Chemoradiotherapy had held the disease at bay for a while, but at the expense of his renal function. Two weeks earlier, he had been told that no further treatment was possible and to prepare for the worst. Dialysis was not an option, so there was no point in seeking a renal opinion. He had been discharged from the tertiary unit for palliative care.

The call came at 10 pm from the local chest physician. Richard was breathless, oligoanuric, and in …