tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radionuclide Venography By Antegrade and Retrograde Whole Body Gamma Camera Imaging Methods
Authors: DAVID B. HAYT, CHARLES J. BLATT, KAKULAVARAM REDDY, HARSHAD PATEL, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

The use of a whole body gamma camera system and continuous injection represents a simplified and shortened procedure for radionuclide venography. Standardization of the procedure by moving the detector system in a direction retrograde to the flow of radionuclide, delineates the inferior vena cava and iliac system best by avoiding interference from radionuclide which has already accumulated in the lungs. This produces the best possible image in the most efficient manner to evaluate those areas of the venous system most likely to contribute clinically significant emboli to the lungs. The use of a second imaging pass prior to exercise gathers confirmatory evidence regarding blockage of specific veins, thereby substantiating the presence of venous occlusion as well as evaluating the presence of venous stasis. The use of a third, post exercise static study of the entire lower half of the body, enables documentation of “hot spots” which appear to represent labled thrombi, such as is seen in non occlusive venous vascular disease or thrombophlebitis.
Pancreatitis Following Pregnancy
Authors: R. A. Joske
Journal: BMJ (1955)

ConclusionI imagine it may have been the lot of more than one Harveian Orator, as he comes to the end of his discourse, to fear that he has disappointed expectation and fallen short in the performance of an honourable duty.I have taken the name of Thomas Willis for commemoration as one of the Benefactors of the College.He gave well of the fruits of his labours preserved in those many pages which even Anthony Wood (1813-20) praised for the "natural smoothness, pure elegancy, [and] delightful, unaffected neatness" of their Latin style.I have occupied some part of your time with speculation about the cause of symptoms resulting from occlusion of the internal carotid artery.If there be anything in this of the least value let me exhort you, as I have the right, to search and study out these secrets of nature by way of experiment.Willis would have approved this exhortation and perhaps have thought us laggards.He foresaw great works.The ancients, he said, bound to false suppositions, might be excused the faulty structure of their reasoning, but "those who come after should take care for the Re-edifying of the Building even from the ground, on which our most famous Harvey hath laid the Circulation of the Blood as a new Foundation in Medicine."
Enhancement of myeloma development mediated though myeloma cell-Th2 cell interactions after microbial antigen presentation by myeloma cells and DCs
Authors: F Tian, J li, Y Li, S Luo
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Microbial agents are regarded as a potential cause of tumors, but their direct effects on tumors, such as myeloma, are not well studied. Our studies demonstrated that expression of HLA-DR and CD40 on the myeloma cell membrane surface is upregulated by interferon-γ and/or microbial antigens (Ags). Unlike prior studies, our study showed that Th2 cells cannot promote myeloma growth directly. However, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine (BCGV)-specific Th2 cells stimulated by BCGV-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) promoted myeloma clonogenicity directly when the myeloma cells expressed major histocompatibility complex Class-II molecules (MHC-II) and took up BCGV Ag. B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) protein expression and the proportion of HLA-DR(+) or CD40(+) cells were higher in colonies of Th2 cell-stimulated myeloma cells. Furthermore, anti-HLA-DR or neutralizing CD40 antibody could prevent this increase in Bcl-6 expression and colony number. These results indicate that microbes and microbial Ag-specific Th2 cells may directly impact the biology of myeloma and contribute to tumor progression. Activation may be limited to MHC-II(+) myeloma cells that retain B cell and stem cell characteristics. Taken together, our data suggest that factors involved in microbial Ag presentation, such as DCs, Th2 cells and so on, are potential targets for myeloma therapeutic intervention.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in 373 Italian children with HCV infection: changing distribution and correlation with clinical features and outcome
Authors: Flavia Bortolotti, M Resti, M Marcellini, R. Giacchino, G. Verucchi, G. Nebbia, Lucia Zancan, Mg Marazzi, C. Barbera, A. Maccabruni, G. Zuin, G. Maggiore, F. Balli, P. Vajro, L. Lepore, M. Molesini, Maria Guido, S. Bartolacci, Franco Noventa
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aim:</b> Little is known of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in HCV infected children. This retrospective, multicentre study investigated genotype distribution and correlation with clinical features and outcome in a large series of Italian children. <b>Methods:</b> Between 1990 and 2002, 373 HCV RNA positive children, consecutively recruited in 15 centres, were assayed for genotypes by a commercial line probe assay. <b>Results:</b> The following genotype distribution pattern was recorded: genotype 1b = 41%; 1a = 20%; 2 = 17%; 3 = 14.5%; 4 = 5%; other = 2.5%. The prevalence of genotypes 1b and 2 decreased significantly (p&lt;0.001) among children born from 1990 onwards compared with older children (46% <i>v</i> 70%) while the rate of genotypes 3 and 4 increased significantly (from 8% to 30%). Children infected with genotype 3 had the highest alanine aminotransferase levels and the highest rate of spontaneous viraemia clearance within the first three years of life (32% <i>v</i> 3% in children with genotype 1; p&lt;0.001). Of 96 children enrolled in interferon trials during the survey, 22% definitely lost HCV RNA, including 57% of those with genotypes 2 and 3. <b>Conclusion:</b> HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are still prevalent among infected adolescents and young adults in Italy but rates of infection with genotypes 3 and 4 are rapidly increasing among children. These changes could modify the clinical pattern of hepatitis C in forthcoming years as children infected with genotype 3 have the best chance of spontaneous viraemia clearance early in life, and respond to interferon in a high proportion of cases.
Herbal medicines put into context
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Their use entails risks, but probably fewer than with synthetic drugs 

Recent reviews have rightly alerted us to the risk associated with herbal medicines.1 This is necessary and important. But the more important question probably is–do the risks of herbal benefits outweigh their potential for harm? Therefore I will try to put herbal medicines into context and consider the benefit they might bring.

The potential benefits of herbal medicines could lie in their high acceptance by patients, efficacy, relative safety, and relatively low costs. Patients worldwide seem to have adopted herbal medicines in a major way. Survey data from the United Kingdom show that herbal medicine has been tried by about 30% of the British population.2 The associated out of pocket expenditure was estimated to amount to £31m (US$47.7m; €45m) in the United Kingdom2 and £1.3bn in Germany.3 Herbal medicines are used predominantly …
Facial Diplegia in Infectious Mononucleosis in the Absence of Landry-Guillain-Barrù Syndrome
Authors: Robert W. Egan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis is well known for its protean manifestations. Only 1 per cent, or slightly less, of cases have involvement of the nervous system.1 The case presented below because of its unusual manner of onset seems to be one of the rarest of complications. Neither the association of the Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome and infectious mononucleosis nor facial diplegia in the syndrome, with or without infectious mononucleosis, is rare. This is apparently only the third reported case of infectious mononucleosis complicated by facial diplegia in the absence of a Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome.Case ReportAn 18-year-old man was admitted to Madigan General Hospital . . .
Impact of CPAP on asthmatic patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: C. Lafond, F. Sériès, C. Lemière
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the airway responsiveness of asthmatic subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has scarcely been studied. A prospective study was performed comparing the changes in airway responsiveness and quality of life in stable asthmatic OSA patients, before and 6 weeks after their nocturnal CPAP treatment. A total of 20 subjects (11 males and nine females) participated in the study. With the nocturnal CPAP treatment, the apnoea/hypopnoea index dropped from 48.1±23.6·h -1 to 2.6±2.5·h -1 . There were no significant changes in airway responsiveness after CPAP treatment (provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ; PC 20 2.5 mg·mL -1 (1.4–4.5)) compared with baseline (PC 20 2.2 mg·mL -1 (1.3–3.5)). There was no significant change in FEV 1 either. However, the asthma quality of life of the subjects improved from 5.0±1.2 at baseline to 5.8±0.9 at the end of the study. In conclusion, nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure treatment did not alter airway responsiveness or forced expiratory volume in one second in subjects with stable mild-to-moderate asthma and newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea. However, nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure treatment did improve asthma quality of life.
Influence of two-stage anatomic correction on size and distensibility of the anatomic pulmonary/functional aortic root in patients with simple transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: H H Sievers, P E Lange, F W Arensman, R Radley-Smith, M H Yacoub, D Harms, P H Heintzen, A Bernhard
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To evaluate the results of the two-stage anatomic correction of simple transposition of the great arteries the size, distensibility, and histologic characteristics of the anatomic pulmonary root, which arises from the anatomic left ventricle and which we termed the functional aortic root after anatomic correction, were determined in seven patients before and twice after anatomic correction (mean 43 and 671 days) and the results were compared with those in normal control subjects. The diameter of the systolic sinus of the anatomic pulmonary root increased after banding on the average to 140% of normal, whereas the diameter of the diastolic sinus of the functional aortic root increased after anatomic correction on the average to 150% of normal. Diameters of both the systolic and diastolic sinuses of the functional aortic root remained 30% to 55% larger than normal after anatomic correction. Growth potential of the functional aortic root after anatomic correction was normal, whereas its distensibility, as assessed by determination of the percent change in radius and pressure-strain elastic modulus (stiffness index), was decreased after anatomic correction. This pressure-strain elastic modulus was directly related to the corresponding body surface area and age at banding. In four of five specimens of the anatomic pulmonary arterial wall that were obtained at the time of anatomic correction, fragmentation and shortening of elastic fibers were observed. The histologic characteristics of the pulmonary root in the patient with the smallest body surface area at banding and normal distensibility of the anatomic pulmonary/functional aortic root before and after anatomic correction revealed normal aortic configuration of the elastic tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The vuvuzela sounds
Authors: Jon Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Traditionally made from and inspired by a kudu (antelope) horn, the vuvuzela was used in Africa to summon distant villagers to attend community gatherings. One of the lasting impressions left on many who witnessed the 2010 FIFA World Cup is of the persistent and somewhat monotonous sound of the modern-day version of this instrument blown relentlessly by South Africans and, somewhat contagiously, by international supporters as well. In a metaphorical sense, South Africans and the sports medicine community, in particular, are again sounding their vuvuzelas imploring the world to take notice. The theme this time is the further development of an ethos of sports medicine excellence on our continent and in South Africa, in particular.

We celebrate the President of FIFA awarding South Africa ‘9 out of 10’ for hosting the World Cup in 2010. This is just one example of successful high-profile sporting events held in South Africa. Interestingly, Johannesburg is one of only …
Assessing Risk in Russia
Authors: Rebecca Clay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Selectionsand principal source of drinking water.A total of 45 people underwent skin exams by four different physicians.Six were found to have definite arsenic-induced skin effects, including 4 men with over 20 years of exposure to arsenic, 1 boy, and 1 girl.These prevalences are similar to those reported in studies in Taiwan and West Bengal.Furthermore, despite evidence from those studies that malnutrition might increase susceptibility to the effects of arsenic, the people of Chiu Chiu eat a wide range of fruits and vegetables and, on the average, consume red meat and chicken at least once a week.Women fared better, however, with no incidences of skin effects, for reasons still unknown.The authors conclude that arsenic-induced skin effects persist among the Atacamenio despite good nutrition and thousands of years of potential exposure.They recommend providing low-arsenic water to this population and note that as an interim solution the people of Chiu Chiu are now receiving water from the town of Calama, where the arsenic concentration has been lowered through treatment to 45 pg/L.-Julian Josephson Assessing Risk in Russia Room for Improvement
Diagnostic Efficacy of [11C]Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Compared With Conventional Computed Tomography in Lymph Node Staging of Patients With Bladder Cancer Prior to Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Tobias Maurer, Michael Souvatzoglou, Hubert Kübler, Katharina Opercan, Stefan Schmidt, Ken Herrmann, Jens Stollfuss, Gregor Weirich, Bernhard Haller, Jürgen E. Gschwend, Markus Schwaiger, Bernd J. Krause, Uwe Treiber
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Protocadherin 17 Regulates Presynaptic Assembly in Topographic Corticobasal Ganglia Circuits
Authors: Naosuke Hoshina, Asami Tanimura, Miwako Yamasaki, Takeshi Inoue, Ryoji Fukabori, Teiko Kuroda, Kazumasa Yokoyama, Tohru Tezuka, Hiroshi Sagara, Shinji Hirano, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Masahiko Takada, Kazuto Kobayashi, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano, Takanobu Nakazawa, Tadashi Yamamoto
Journal: Neuron (2013)
miR-122, a paradigm for the role of microRNAs in the liver
Authors: Muriel Girard, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Arnold Munnich, Stanislas Lyonnet, Alexandra Henrion-Caude
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Recent studies have uncovered profound and unexpected roles for a family of tiny regulatory RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), in the control of diverse aspects of hepatic function and dysfunction, including hepatocyte growth, stress response, metabolism, viral infection and proliferation, gene expression, and maintenance of hepatic phenotype. In liver cancer, misexpression of specific miRNAs suggests diagnostic and prognostic significance. Here, we review the biology of the most abundant miRNA in human liver, miR-122, and consider the diversity of its roles in the liver. We provide a compilation of all miRNAs expressed in the liver, and consider some possible therapeutic opportunities for exploiting miRNAs in the different settings of liver diseases.
15q12 Variants, Sputum Gene Promoter Hypermethylation, and Lung Cancer Risk: A GWAS in Smokers
Authors: Shuguang Leng, Yushi Liu, Joel L. Weissfeld, Cynthia L. Thomas, Younghun Han, Maria A. Picchi, Christopher K. Edlund, Randall P. Willink, Autumn L. Gaither Davis, Kieu C. Do, Tomoko Nukui, Xiequn Zhang, Elizabeth A. Burki, David Van Den Berg, Marjorie Romkes, W. James Gauderman, Richard E. Crowell, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Christine A. Stidley, Christopher I. Amos, Jill M. Siegfried, Frank D. Gilliland, Steven A. Belinsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detection of promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in exfoliated cells from the lung provides an assessment of field cancerization that in turn predicts lung cancer. The identification of genetic determinants for this validated cancer biomarker should provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying epigenetic reprogramming during lung carcinogenesis.A genome-wide association study using generalized estimating equations and logistic regression models was conducted in two geographically independent smoker cohorts to identify loci affecting the propensity for cancer-related gene methylation that was assessed by a 12-gene panel interrogated in sputum. All statistical tests were two-sided.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 15q12 (rs73371737 and rs7179575) that drove gene methylation were discovered and replicated with rs73371737 reaching genome-wide significance (P = 3.3×10(-8)). A haplotype carrying risk alleles from the two 15q12 SNPs conferred 57% increased risk for gene methylation (P = 2.5×10(-9)). Rs73371737 reduced GABRB3 expression in lung cells and increased risk for smoking-induced chronic mucous hypersecretion. Furthermore, subjects with variant homozygote of rs73371737 had a two-fold increase in risk for lung cancer (P = .0043). Pathway analysis identified DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination (DSBR-HR) as a major pathway affecting susceptibility for gene methylation that was validated by measuring chromatid breaks in lymphocytes challenged by bleomycin.A functional 15q12 variant was identified as a risk factor for gene methylation and lung cancer. The associations could be mediated by GABAergic signaling that drives the smoking-induced mucous cell metaplasia. Our findings also substantiate DSBR-HR as a critical pathway driving epigenetic gene silencing.
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease)—therapeutic problems
Authors: E. FOLKERS, J. TAFELKRUYER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

A patient with subcorneal pustular dermatosis with a fatal outcome is presented. Treatment with corticosteroids, vitamin E, dapsone, sulphapyridine and levamisole was ineffective. Only systemic treatment with retinoic acid and a new aromatic retinoic acid derivative (Ro 10-9359) produced a satisfactory clinical response, but a complete remission was not obtained.
Epigenetic Silencing of <i>Cell Adhesion Molecule 1</i> in Different Cancer Progenitor Cells of Transgenic <i>c-Myc</i> and <i>c-Raf</i> Mouse Lung Tumors
Authors: Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner, Juergen Borlak
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer is a prerequisite toward treatment. To enable mechanistic investigations into the epigenetic regulation of the tumor suppressor gene cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1) in lung cancer progenitor cells, we developed 10 cell lines from single, spontaneously transformed lung tumor cells isolated from c-Myc and c-Raf double-transgenic mice. Specifically, we investigated Cadm1 promoter hypermethylation, which was significantly induced in transgenic transformed cells. Analysis of 69 CpGs displayed differential methylation pattern between and within progenitor cell lines, and the degree of methylation correlated well with transcriptional repression. Indeed, restoration of Cadm1 gene expression was achieved by treatment with the experimental demethylating drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, methylation of core CpGs in the binding sites of Sp1, Sp3, and zinc finger 5 along the promoter region of Cadm1 abrogated DNA-protein binding. Treatment with mithramycin A, an inhibitor of Sp1 or Sp3 binding, resulted in reduction of Cadm1 gene expression, therefore suggesting a potential role of Sp1/Sp3 in Cadm1 regulation. Identifying molecular rules for the epigenetic control of tumor suppressor genes enables mechanistic insights into lung cancer growth and opportunities for novel therapies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(18):7587–96]
Unfunded Research? I Am Shocked, Shocked!
Authors: Lawrence Recht
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I suspect that in the not too distant future a congressional subcommittee will be formed in response to the outcry over the article by Stein et al.<sup>1</sup>Commissioned to oversee unfunded medical research, it will no doubt be labeled with some catchy acronym and consist of various administrative types schooled in ethics and law. Its budget will probably exceed that of 50 RO-1—type grants (from whose source the monies will be drawn). In what will probably seem to some to be ironic poetic justice, I wonder whether the study by Stein et al won't be one of the first studied. The committee, after spending thousands of dollars and countless person-hours, will probably find that the MD authors spent time amounting to less than $150 on this unfunded project that might better have been spent seeing patients. More serious allegations, though, will center around whether they obtained
INTRACELLULAR PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF LIVER
Authors: A. R. Dochez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

The influence of reaction upon autolysis of animal tissues has been exhaustively studied. All observers agree upon the favorable influence of a weak acid medium, and upon the inhibitory effect alkaline reaction. As an example of the influence of reaction upon autolysis, 2.5 grams of liver after five days at 37 degrees yield the following equivalents of ammonia by the Kjeldahl method; in 0.4 per cent. acetic acid, 35.6 cubic centimeters N/10 H2SO4; in 0.2 per cent. acetic acid, 34.8 cubic centimeters N/10 H2SO4; in neutral, 11.3 cubic centimeters N/10 H2SO4; in 0.2 per cent. sodium carbonate, 4.8 cubic centimeters N/10 H2SO4; and in 0.4 per cent. sodium carbonate, 0.6 cubic centimeter N/10 H2SO4.When normal liver is allowed to stand on ice for many days, the power to digest in alkaline medium increases markedly from week to week until finally the enzyme solution is more active in alkaline than in acid medium. For instance, 2.5 grams of fresh liver after five days autolysis yields an equivalent in 0.2 per cent.
Kinase Genotype Analysis of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cytology Samples Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Ferga C. Gleeson, Benjamin R. Kipp, Sarah E. Kerr, Jesse S. Voss, Rondell P. Graham, Michael B. Campion, Douglas M. Minot, Zheng J. Tu, Eric W. Klee, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Michael R. Henry, Michael J. Levy
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)