tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Recurrence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment
Authors: Yoshimasa Kuroda, Kenji Yamashiro, Masahiro Miyake, Munemitsu Yoshikawa, Hideo Nakanishi, Akio Oishi, Hiroshi Tamura, Sotaro Ooto, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Abstract P231: Metabolic and Life Style Risk Factors and All-Cause Mortality in the Miami Adult Studies in HIV (MASH) Cohort
Authors: Marianna K Baum, Adriana Campa, Sabrina Martinez, Yinghui Li, Pedro Greer, Jorge Murillo, Tiffanie Stewart, Christina Fleetwood, Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy, Emir Veledar
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: AIDS-related death rates have declined due to antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, non-AIDS related deaths have proportionally increased. Hypothesis: Metabolic factors and cocaine use are predictors of mortality in MASH, an HIV infected cohort of adults in Miami. Methods: We obtained consent and collected anthropometric, demographics, drug, and tobacco use, CD4 cell count and HIV viral load from 487 HIV-infected participants, followed for a median of two years. Death certificates were obtained from the Florida Bureau of Vital Statistics. Cocaine use was obtained from questionnaires and urine toxicology. Obesity and metabolic variables included: BMI>27 kg/m2, waist >88 cm for women and 102 cm for men, plasma glucose >110 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg. Alcohol use was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Sequential stepwise logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between the risk factors and mortality controlling by age, g...
Smoking Privileges: Psychiatry, the Mentally Ill, and the Tobacco Industry in Americaby Laura D. Hirshbein, M.D., Ph.D. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 2015, 228 pp., $31.00 (paperback).
Authors: Judith J. Prochaska
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

this, too, is still unknown.Indeed, entire chapters could be dedicated to rapidly rising trends on campus, such as hookah use, but this was not the focus of the original research projects that informed the book.In summary, this is an insightful and multifaceted examination of cigarette smoking among college students.Some public health messages, such as ones explaining health consequences of smoking, are being effectively disseminated to young people, but others, about the vulnerability and variability in developing tobacco dependence, are not.Binge smoking and binge drinking are very common parts of the college experience.As a parent of a college student, I can only wonder if perhaps our children would be better served with robust education on the nature of drug addiction.College health services should also consider ways to increase access to tobacco screening and early intervention.Further study of the factors leading to dependence in young people seems critical.
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Is Markedly Expressed by Monocyte-Macrophage Cells in Vulnerable and Ruptured Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Alessandro Mauriello, Elena Bonanno, Claus Oxvig, Cheryl A. Conover, Michael Christiansen, Santi Trimarchi, Vincenzo Rampoldi, David R. Holmes, Robert S. Schwartz, Luigi Giusto Spagnoli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A content analysis of the personal diary of a terminally ill cancer patient: Choice is kept even in face of an anticipated death
Authors: A. Ashkenazi, G. Gilor, M. Inbar, Y. Yagil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8178 Background: Mr. E. deceased at the age 52 (2002). As an artist, he wrote a diary during the last six months of his life. With permission granted before he died, and his wife's consent, we studied his writings in order to learn about the experience of being a terminally ill patient. We assumed that this knowledge is important in instructing professionals as to the emotional needs of the terminally ill. Method: Content analysis was conducted through three-phases. First, statements were extracted out of the text by the chief nurse at the unit where Mr. E. was hospitalized, the unit's social worker and a research consultant who had no previous acquaintance with Mr. E. Second, all statements were cross breeded in order to retrieve only agreed upon statements. Third, the statements were categorized jointly by all team members in order to generate universal themes. Results: Analysis yielded over 50 statements which were grouped under the following subjects: (1) The encounter with the cancer disease, (2) The process of dying and death, (3) Accounts about life, (4) Coping and control, (5) Dialogue with medications, (6) Relationships with relatives & professionals, and (7) perception of the self. Conclusions: Mr. E's diary illustrates the importance of secondary appraisal when approaching an uncontrolled threat. The secondary appraisal determines the extent to which a situation is perceived as harmfull or a loss, a threat, a challenge, or some combination of these, and the intensity of the emotional response. The practical lessons of this study relate to the importance of the medical staff's ability to contain the despair of the terminally ill, knowing that following despair, a process of secondary appraisal will ease the patient's sufferance and improve his/her subjective sense of quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dysregulation of Apoptosis in Cancer
Authors: John C. Reed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Each day, approximately 50 to 70 billion cells perish in the average adult because of programmed cell death (PCD). Cell death in self-renewing tissues, such as the skin, gut, and bone marrow, is necessary to make room for the billions of new cells produced daily. So massive is the flux of cells through our bodies that, in a typical year, each of us will produce and, in parallel, eradicate a mass of cells equal to almost our entire body weight. The morphologic ritual cells go through when experiencing PCD has been termed apoptosis and is executed by a family of intracellular proteases, called caspases. Unlike accidental cell deaths caused by infarction and trauma, these physiologic deaths culminate in fragmentation of cells into membrane-encased bodies which are cleared through phagocytosis by neighboring cells without inciting inflammatory reactions or tissue scarring. Defects in the processes controlling PCD can extend cell life span, contributing to neoplastic cell expansion independently of cell division. Moreover, failures in normal apoptosis pathways contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a permissive environment for genetic instability and accumulation of gene mutations, promoting resistance to immune-based destruction, allowing disobeyance of cell cycle checkpoints that would normally induce apoptosis, facilitating growth factor/hormone-independent cell survival, supporting anchorage-independent survival during metastasis, reducing dependence on oxygen and nutrients, and conferring resistance to cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiation. Elucidation of the genes that constitute the core machinery of the cell death pathway has provided new insights into tumor biology, revealing novel strategies for combating cancer.
Residential radon and lung cancer histological types in never smokers
Authors: María Torres Duran, Alberto Ruano Ravina, Isaura Parente Lamelas, Virginia Leiro Fernandez, Jose Abal Arca, Carmen Montero Martinez, Carolina Pena Alvarez, Francisco Javier González Barcala, Olalla Castro Añon, Antonio Golpe Gomez, Cristina Martinez, Maria Jose Mejuto Martí, Alberto Fernandez Villar, Juan Barros Dios
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Residential radon is the main risk factor for lung cancer in never smokers. Very few studies have assessed the relationship between indoor radon and lung cancer histological types. A recent study has shown that lung cancer risk caused by residential radon is slightly higher for small cell lung cancer and less frequent histological types compared with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma (Barros-Dios et al.Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2012,21(6):951-8). The objective of this work is to describe the residential radon concentration for the different histological types of lung cancer. A multicenter hospital-based case-control study was designed in Galicia (Northwest of Spain), a radon prone area. Cases and controls had to be older than 30, without history of previous cancer and never smokers according to the WHO definition. Controls were selected following a frequency-based sampling regarding cases on age and gender. A radon detector (alpha-track) was placed for at least 3months in the participant dwelling. The returning rate of detectors was >90%. We have included 176cases, 20%men. 78% had adenocarcinoma and 10% squamous cell carcinoma. The median age was 70(interquartilic range 61-77). Median radon concentration was 172 Bq/m3 (interquartilic range 106-309). Median radon concentration for squamous cell carcinoma (n=17) was 299Bq/m3, for adenocarcinoma (n=137) 196Bq/m3, for small cell carcinoma (n=11) 173Bq/m3, for large cell carcinoma (n=6) 119Bq/m3 and for less frequent histological types (n =5) 286 Bq/m3. These results suggest that residential radon could be more associated with squamous cell carcinoma than with other hystological types. The lowest median concentration was associated with large cell carcinoma.
TRPA1 expression and characterisation in patients with chronic cough
Authors: Shoaib Faruqi, Ann Campbell, Alyn Morice
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim: The TRPA1 ion channel is thought to have an important role in the cough reflex. It has been shown that inhalation of cinnamaldehyde, a specific agonist of TRPA1, induces cough in normal human volunteers. We wanted to determine the expression and characterisation of the TRPA1 receptor in human lung tissue.

Methods: Bronchial biopsies were obtained from patients with the Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome on fibre-optic bronchoscopy. Lung resection samples were obtained from patients undergoing lung resection for lung cancer. Dorsal root ganglia were used as a positive control. These tissue samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry with a specific TRPA1 antibody.

Results: Samples from 14 patients (11 males, mean age 56 years) with the Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome and 10 lung resection samples (6 males, mean age 68 years) were obtained. All the tissue samples stained for TRPA1. The TRPA1 stain was avidly taken up by the bronchial epithelium, smooth muscle bundles and nerve tissue.

Conclusion: We have described the distribution of TRPA1 ion channel in lung tissue. TRPA1 is agonised by several environmental irritants and endogenous mediators of inflammation. The presence of TRPA1 ion channel in bronchial mucosal nerves and epithelium suggests an important role in the cough reflex. The localisation of these ion channels on smooth muscle could suggest a role in asthmatic inflammation as well.
A metabonomic approach to prognostic evaluation of ALI by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (HR NMR) spectroscopy
Authors: Xun Wang, Wenxue Chen, Xiaojing An, Dong Yang, Fener Chen, Chunxue Bai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  Metabonomics is a well-developed platform for studying systems biology and clinical diagnosis. In this study, we investigated a metabonomic approach to prognostic evaluation of LPS-induced ALI by HR NMR spectroscopy.   Methods:  The mice model of ALI was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5mg/kg) for 4 hours with the saline in control mice. The mice of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment group were intraperitoneally treated with DEX while intratracheal instillation of LPS. HR  1 H NMR spectroscopy in combination with pattern recognition methods was applied to study 15 lung tissues extract samples of mice.   Results:  The lung injury score were significantly increased in ALI mice compared to control group and DEX treatment markedly decreased the lung injury score. The first principal component (PC1) shows a good separation between the ALI group and control (or DEX treatment) groups. The metabolites showed clear differentiation between groups mainly included valine (Val, δ 1.06), lactate (Lac, δ 1.33), acetate (Ace, δ 1.91), creatine (Cre, δ 3.06). In addition, these samples in the ALI group clearly located out of other groups, and four of five samples in the DEX treatment group fell in the range of the control group.   Conclusions:  Our study, for the first time, provides evidence for a metabonomic approach to prognostic evaluation of ALI treated with DEX by HR NMR spectroscopy.
Bi‐directional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease
Authors: Gary C. Armitage
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2012)

Abstract During pregnancy profound perturbations in innate and adaptive immunity impact the clinical course of a number of infectious diseases, including those affecting periodontal tissues. Conversely, it has been suggested that periodontal infections may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, a summary of the literature associated with the bidirectional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease as well as the possible mechanisms behind this interaction were examined.
Multiparameter analysis of homogeneously R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B cell lymphomas identifies CD5 and FOXP1 as relevant prognostic biomarkers: report of the prospective SAKK 38/07 study
Authors: Alexandar Tzankov, Nora Leu, Simone Muenst, Darius Juskevicius, Dirk Klingbiel, Christoph Mamot, Stephan Dirnhofer
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

The prognostic role of tumor-related parameters in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a matter of controversy. We investigated the prognostic value of phenotypic and genotypic profiles in DLBCL in clinical trial (NCT00544219) patients homogenously treated with six cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-CHOP), followed by two cycles of R (R-CHOP-14). The primary endpoint was event-free survival at 2 years (EFS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemical (bcl2, bcl6, CD5, CD10, CD20, CD95, CD168, cyclin E, FOXP1, GCET, Ki-67, LMO2, MUM1p, pSTAT3) and in situ hybridization analyses (BCL2 break apart probe, C-MYC break apart probe and C-MYC/IGH double-fusion probe, and Epstein–Barr virus probe) were performed and correlated with the endpoints. One hundred twenty-three patients (median age 58 years) were evaluable. Immunohistochemical assessment succeeded in all cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was successful in 82 instances. According to the Tally algorithm, 81 cases (66 %) were classified as non-germinal center (GC) DLBCL, while 42 cases (34 %) were GC DLBCL. BCL2 gene breaks were observed in 7/82 cases (9 %) and C-MYC breaks in 6/82 cases (8 %). "Double-hit" cases with BCL2 and C-MYC rearrangements were not observed. Within the median follow-up of 53 months, there were 51 events, including 16 lethal events and 12 relapses. Factors able to predict worse EFS in univariable models were failure to achieve response according to international criteria, failure to achieve positron emission tomography response (p < 0.005), expression of CD5 (p = 0.02), and higher stage (p = 0.021). Factors predicting inferior PFS were failure to achieve response according to international criteria (p < 0.005), higher stage (p = 0.005), higher International Prognostic Index (IPI; p = 0.006), and presence of either C-MYC or BCL2 gene rearrangements (p = 0.033). Factors predicting inferior OS were failure to achieve response according to international criteria and expression of FOXP1 (p < 0.005), cyclin E, CD5, bcl2, CD95, and pSTAT3 (p = 0.005, 0.007, 0.016, and 0.025, respectively). Multivariable analyses revealed that expression of CD5 (p = 0.044) and FOXP1 (p = 0.004) are independent prognostic factors for EFS and OS, respectively. Phenotypic studies with carefully selected biomarkers like CD5 and FOXP1 are able to prognosticate DLBCL course at diagnosis, independent of stage and IPI and independent of response to R-CHOP.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in an unpolluted area of northern Italy
Authors: G Viegi, P Paoletti, R Prediletto, L Carrozzi, P Fazzi, F Di Pede, G Pistelli, C Giuntini, MD Lebowitz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Using a multistage stratified geographic cluster sample of households living in an unpolluted area of Northern Italy (near Venice), we enrolled 3289 inhabitants (aged 8-64 yr) for a longitudinal respiratory study. During the first cross-sectional survey, before the start of operation of a large oil-burning thermoelectric power plant, they completed a standardized administered questionnaire and performed several lung function tests. In the whole sample, dyspnoea grade 1 (11%), chronic cough and chronic phlegm (9%) were the most frequent respiratory symptoms; all the symptoms except dyspnoea were more prevalent in males than in females. Smokers (S) showed higher prevalence rates than ex-smokers (ES) and nonsmokers (NS), especially in males. In both sexes, the frequency of respiratory symptoms increased with increasing smoking as assessed by pack-years. An inverse relationship between prevalence of symptoms and socio-economic status was also observed. All tests of lung function were significantly impaired in S compared with NS in males; single-breath CO diffusing capacity and slope of alveolar plateau but not spirometric indices were significantly impaired in female S compared to female ES and NS. Finally, our prevalence rates were lower than in other epidemiological surveys: this result may be ascribed to the low levels of air pollution measured in the area.
Concomitant intestinal parasitic infections in patients with respiratory disease
Authors: Gulzar Aliyeva, Vasif Abdullayev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background/aim: The intestinal parasitic infections are wide spread in Azerbaijan. The influence of helminth and protozoa on the respiratory diseases (RD) clinical course is still debatable. The aim of the research is to study what kinds of parasites are found in patients with common RD.

Methods : To analyse 102 (female-47, male-55, adults-62, children-40) patients with RD and concomitant intestinal parasitosis.

Results : Only helminth infection was detected in 38 patients: 19 of them with recurrent bronchitis, 13 - with asthma, one of which has also a bronchiectasis, 4 – with chronic bronchitis, and 2 - with acute bronchitis. The most founded helminth were Enterobius vermicularis (E) and Ascaris lumbricoides (A). Trichocephalus trichiurus, Trichostrongulus sp, Taeniarhynchus saginatus and Strongyloides stercoralis were less detected. Only protozoa infection was detected in 31 patients: 18 of them with asthma, 6 - with recurrent bronchitis, 3 - with COPD, 2 – with chronic bronchitis, 1 – with acute bronchitis, and 1 – with pneumonia. This patients were infected by the Lamblia intestinalis (L) in 13 cases, Blastocystis hominis (B) in 13, Entamoeba coli in 5 cases.

In 25 patients - 2 and in 7 patients 3 different parasites were detected at the same time: 15 of them with asthma (1 patient has also an eosinofilic pneumonia), 11 - with recurrent bronchitis, 3 - with chronic bronchitis, 2 - with COPD, 2 - with acute bronchitis. The most observed combinations of parasites were E and L in 7, the L and B combination in 4, A and L in 3 patients.

Conclusions : Prevalence of concomitant intestinal parasitosis among the patients with bronchial asthma and recurrent bronchitis more higher than in COPD patients.
Original article: Polymorphisms in eosinophil pathway genes, asthma and atopy
Authors: M. Kabesch, M. Depner, I. Dahmen, S. K. Weiland, C. Vogelberg, B. Niggemann, S. Lau, T. Illig, N. Klopp, U. Wahn, D. Reinhardt, E. Von Mutius, R. Nickel
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Eosinophilic inflammation is considered to play an important role in the development as well as in the perpetuation of asthma. As eosinophil production and survival is under genetic control we investigated whether polymorphisms in eosinophil regulation pathway genes ( IL‐3, IL‐5, GM‐CSF and their respective enhancers and receptors) may influence the development of atopic diseases. Methods: In two large study populations of children, the German part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC II) and the German Multicentre Atopy Study (MAS), 3099 and 824 children, seven polymorphisms previously associated with the development of atopic diseases were genotyped: two in and around the GM‐CSF gene (Ile117Thr and T3085G), one in IL‐3 (Pro27Ser), in IL‐5 (C‐746T), and in the IL‐5 high affinity receptor chain IL‐5R (G‐80A) and two in the common receptor chain CSFR2b for IL‐3, IL‐5, and GM‐CSF (Asp312Asn and Glu249Gln). Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐squared tests and variance analyses. Gene by gene interactions were evaluated in logistic regression models. Results: The T allele at position −746 in the IL‐5 gene was significantly protective for atopy in the ISAAC II population ( P = 0.006). Furthermore, the risk for atopic asthma was decreased in carriers of the T allele ( P = 0.036) and evidence for interaction with the enhancer polymorphism 3085 bp 3′ of GM‐CSF was detected. Conclusions: IL‐5 C‐746T influenced atopic outcomes and showed evidence for gene by gene interaction. No significant associations were found with all other tested polymorphisms in the eosinophil regulation pathway after correction for multiple testing.
Roflumilast for stable COPD: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huihui Zeng, Yan Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Backgroud:This work evaluats the effectiveness of roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in stable COPD management.  Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane database, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to Dec 2013. Missing data were obtained from authors and manufacturers. Studies were pooled to yield relative risk (RR), odds ratios (OR), weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the I 2 statistic. A fixed-effects model (I 2   Results: Ten eligible randomized controlled trials (9574 patients, Jadad score 3) were included. Roflumilast significantly improved pre-bronchodilator(BD) FEV1 (WMD 55.25ml; 95%CI 46.6 to 63.87; p=0.000;I 2 =39.0%), post-BD FEV1 (59.92ml; 51.20 to 68.63; p=0.000; I 2 =15.5%), and post-BD FVC (58.3ml; 43.7 to 72.9; p=0.000; I 2 =0.0%). The improvement on lung function was greater in Asian population than other population. Roflumilast was associated with prolonged median time to first exacerbation (HR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.78 to 0.95; p=0.02; I 2 =13.9%) and reduction in exacerbations (RR:0.85; 95%CI: 0.79 to 0.91; p=0.000; I 2 =0.0%). The improvement in SGRQ score or transition dyspnea index score was statistically but not clinically significant (WMD:-1.57;95%CI -2.49 to -0.65; p=0.001; I 2 =47.0%, and 0.27;0.14 to 0.39; p=0.000;I 2 =29.9%, respectively). Roflumilast did not affect all-cause mortality, but increased some adverse events including diarrhea, nausea, and weight loss. Weight loss was most evident in obese patients (BMI>30).  Conclusion:Roflumilast improved lung function and reduce mean exacerbation rate in stable COPD patients with a high risk of adverse events and variaty in different COPD phenotypes.