tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the investigation of cell-mediated defence mechanisms against lung cancer
Authors: M Spatafora, AM Merendino, G Chiappara, M Melis, D Volpes, V Bellia, G Bonsignore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

<h3>Summary</h3> Cortical networks are composed of excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Although fewer in number relative to projection neurons, interneurons have essential roles in brain activity and behavior since they adjust cortical excitation and control network dynamics. Therefore, the number of cortical interneurons (CIs) must be tightly controlled during development to meet the functional requirements of emerging neuronal circuits. CIs are generated in excess from basal forebrain progenitors and it has been proposed recently that their final number is adjusted via intrinsically determined apoptosis occurring during an early postnatal window. Here we provide evidence that the extent of CI apoptosis during this critical period is plastic, cell type specific and can be reduced in a cell autonomous manner by acute increases in neuronal activity. We further show that hyperactive networks promote the survival of transplanted CIs. We propose that the level of activity in emerging neural networks controls in a homeostatic manner the number of CIs.
Capillary Tube Scanning Applied to In Vitro Mouse Marrow Granulocyte Growth
Authors: Lawrence Abrams, Peter Carmeci, Joan M. Bull, P. P. Carbone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

A technique was described For electronic monitoring and counting of mouse marrow granulocyte colonies in capillary tubes. Capillary tube scanning allowed daily monitoring of replicate samples, and provided kinetic data not shown by examination of standard semisolid cultures in petri dishes. Cloning particles greater than 20µ, could be detectedj because of this, counting efficiencies were 10-100 times higher than were cloning efficiencies in conventional petri dishes. The technique demonstrated growth as early as day 1 that was consistent in pattern to dose of cells inoculated.
What influences change in DOSE index in a seven year follow-up?
Authors: Josefin Sundh, Björn Ställberg, Karin Lisspers, Mary Kämpe, Christer Janson, Scott Montgomery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: The Dyspnoea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index was developed to assess severity of COPD. This study examined factors associated with change in DOSE index over time.

Methods: In 2005, patient characteristics were collected for 562 COPD patients randomly selected from primary and secondary care, with data collected again in 2012 (n=302). Data on the MRC dyspnoea scale; forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted (FEV1%pred); smoking status and the annual exacerbation rate estimated from number of exacerbations in the previous 6 months were used to calculate DOSE indices in 2005 and 2012 (n=277). The patients were classified in two groups as low (<4) and high (≥4) DOSE index. Logistic regression used DOSE index in 2012 as the dependent variable, with adjustment for baseline DOSE index, sex, age, heart disease, body mass index, treatment with anticholinergics, inhaled steroids and influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations.

Results: Mean DOSE index was 1.87 (SD+1.59) in 2005, and 2.06 (SD+1.82) in 2012. In 2005, DOSE index was ≥4 in 49 patients (18%), and in 2012 in 69 patients (25%). In total, 40 patients (14%) changed from <4 to ≥4, and 20 patients (7%) from ≥4 to 4. In 2005, 16% of patients with DOSE index ≥4 had heart disease, and 6% had underweight. In 2012, 29% of patients with DOSE index ≥4 had heart disease, and 10% had underweight. Multivariate logistic regression showed that heart disease was statistically significantly associated with change from low to high DOSE index between 2005 and 2012 (adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) 2.49 (1.15 to 5.39)).

Conclusion: Heart disease signals patients at risk of worsening COPD severity assessed by DOSE index in a seven year follow-up.
Sleep-disordered breathing in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Marjorie Vennelle, Pauline MacFarlane, Meika McKinley, John Simpson, Nik Hirani, Renata Riha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aims: Minimal data exists on the prevalence and impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this study was to examine frequency of SDB in newly-diagnosed IPF patients and explore associations with lung function. Method: From 2005 – 2009, a cohort of 38 newly diagnosed IPF patients had unattended polygraphy. All patients were diagnosed according to ATS 2000 diagnostic criteria and were not on supplemental oxygen or other treatment. Standard statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS v. 19 (IBM). Results: Twenty-eight patients were male. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of age (68sd11 vs. 74sd7 years respectively) or BMI (28sd5 vs. 30sd3.5 kg/m2 respectively). Mean %KCOpred was 84sd21, %TLCpred 34sd11 and FEV1%pred 80sd7 with no significant difference between sexes. Overall, the Apnoea/Hypopnoea index/time in bed (AH) was 6.6 (IQR5-54) and number of 4%SpO2desats/hr in bed was 29.5 (IQR5-54). Three men had an AH >25, consistent with moderate-severe SDB. The only correlation with lung function and overnight oxygen readings was found between %TLCpred and 4%SpO2desats/hr in bed (ρ= -0.4; p=0.04) and %TLCpredicted and ODI (ρ= -0.43; p=0.03). Conclusions: In this cohort of newly diagnosed IPF patients, the prevalence of significant SDB was low (8%) despite their age and BMI. Our results support previous observations that greater pulmonary restriction (as measured by TLC) might predispose to worsening oxygenation during sleep but do not support the contention that upper airway obstruction in steroid-free patients with IPF is a common problem.
Update on Emerging Technologies in Breast Imaging
Authors: Stephanie K. Patterson, Mitra Noroozian
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Despite mammography's proven efficacy, there continues to be interest in newer technologies in breast cancer detection and expanded use of established technologies, especially in women with dense breast tissue and those at high risk. This article reflects on the development in the last ten years of some of these modalities and their current use.
Continuous vs. tapering application of the potent topical corticosteroid mometasone furoate in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: results of a randomized trial
Authors: A. Borghi, M. Corazza, S. Minghetti, G. Toni, A. Virgili
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS). However, evidence on the most appropriate treatment regimen is lacking.To compare the effectiveness and tolerability of tapering vs. continuous application of mometasone furoate (MMF) 0·1% ointment in the treatment of active VLS.Sixty-four patients with VLS who enrolled in a 12-week active treatment phase were randomized to apply MMF either (i) once daily for 5 days per week for 4 weeks, then on alternate days for 4 weeks, then twice weekly for 4 weeks (group A) or (ii) for five consecutive days per week for the entire treatment duration (group B). The efficacy parameters were the response rate, the proportion of patients achieving an improvement from baseline of ≥ 75% in subjective and objective scores, and the mean reduction in subjective and objective scores.By the end of the active treatment phase, 27 patients (84%) were considered to be responders in group A, and 25 patients (78%) in group B; 69% and 47% of patients in group A and 62% and 28% in group B achieved ≥ 75% improvement in subjective and objective scores, respectively. The decreases in mean symptom and sign scores were significant compared with baseline with both regimens. No significant differences were found in any of the assessed efficacy end points between the two treatment protocols. Both regimens were well tolerated.Both tapering and continuous application of MMF showed similar efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of active VLS, without any difference in patient adherence to therapy.
Carcinogenicity of Potassium Bromate Administered Orally to F344 Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Kurokawa, Y Hayashi, A Maekawa, M Takahashi, T Kokubo, S Odashima
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The carcinogenicity of potassium bromate, a food additive and a neutralizer in permanent waving, was tested by adding it to the drinking water of F344 rats for 110 weeks. Groups of 53 males and 53 females, each, were given solutions of 500 or 250 ppm of potassium bromate or distilled water. A concentration of 500 ppm markedly inhibited an increase of body weight of male rats. The mean survival time was shortest for males given 500 ppm (88.1 +/- 18.1 wk); the survival times of other groups were 101-104 weeks. The percentage survival in week 104 was relatively high in all groups, and it was 77.4% for males and 66.0% for females in the control group. High incidences of renal cell tumors (in males and females given 500 or 250 ppm) and mesotheliomas of the peritoneum (in males given 500 ppm) were observed. The incidences of these tumors in test groups were significantly higher than those in controls (P less than .001). It was concluded that, when orally administered under the conditions of this experiment, potassium bromate was carcinogenic to F344 rats.
Factors influencing cognitive function in COPD
Authors: Ersel Dag, Emel Bulcun, Yakup Türkel, Aydanur Ekici, Mehmet Ekici
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:Cognitive impairment may frequently be seen in patients with COPD.The goal of this study was to assess relationships clinical parameters and cognition in people with COPD.

Methods:We studied 52 patients with stable COPD. Cognitive states were investigated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Age, BMI, the Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale(MCIRS), 6-min walk distance, AKG, and PFT were assessed.

Results:The rate of cognitive impairment measured by MoCA was 30.8 percent while 25% with the MMSE. MMSE and MoCA scores are associated with 6-min walk distance and comorbidity index in COPD patients. General cognitive function, measured by the MoCA, was negatively correlated with the comorbidity index, while was positively associated with 6-min walk distance in COPD patients,after controlling for possible confounding factors. The none of the COPD severity measures such as pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases were associated with the risk of cognitive impairment

View this table:

Table 1: Predictor of Cognitive Functions





.

Conclusions: Cognitive impairment in patients with COPD is common. COPD patients with better functional capacity and lower comorbidity had a better cognitive functions. MoCA s used in conjunction with the MMSE may provide additional information about the cognitive functions.
Psychopathology in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Anastasiya S. Vodolazskaya, Larisa V. Bogovin, Viktor P. Kolosov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Psychological and emotional factors quite often accompany somatic manifestations of bronchial asthma (BA). It is necessary to take into account the psychopathologic profile to choose the correct treatment of asthmatics.

Aim: to study the structure of psychopathologic symptoms in asthmatics.

Methods: 137 patients with mild-to-severe BA (35 men and 102 women), aged 19-69 took part in the research. The initial estimation of symptoms was carried out with the help of the questionnaire Symptom Checklist-90-Revised by L.R. Derogatis (SCL-90-R).

Results: The characteristics of symptoms intensity in the groups of mild, moderate or severe BA turned out to be the same (p>0.05). The symptoms of psychopathologic level were observed in more than 36% cases (till 68% by the SOM scale). The mean values of all the scales were higher than the norm. 68% of patients had high characteristics of positive symptom total (PST), indicating a diverse psychopathologic symptoms (an average of 1.49±0.04). 54% of the patients had a high global severity index (GSI), the mean value was 0.76±0.04. High levels of positive symptom distress index (PSDI) were found in 68% of patients (the mean value was 41.6±0.003). According to the obtained data BA patients tend to have somatization (SOM), they are anxious (ANX, PHOB, O-C), depressed (DEP, I-S), and irritable (HOS, PAR, PSY).

Conclusion: BA patients have a great number of diverse psychopathologic symptoms, psychic distress, psycho-emotional overstrain, the decrease of life activity and worsening of health. The application of SCL-90-R questionnaire allows to choose the right tactic in defining the psychosomatic profile of asthmatics taking into account the clinical picture of the disease.
Cervicovaginal Bacteria Are a Major Modulator of Host Inflammatory Responses in the Female Genital Tract
Authors: Melis N. Anahtar, Elizabeth H. Byrne, Kathleen E. Doherty, Brittany A. Bowman, Hidemi S. Yamamoto, Magali Soumillon, Nikita Padavattan, Nasreen Ismail, Amber Moodley, Mary E. Sabatini, Musie S. Ghebremichael, Chad Nusbaum, Curtis Huttenhower, Herbert W. Virgin, Thumbi Ndung’u, Krista L. Dong, Bruce D. Walker, Raina N. Fichorova, Douglas S. Kwon
Journal: Immunity (2015)

Colonization by Lactobacillus in the female genital tract is thought to be critical for maintaining genital health. However, little is known about how genital microbiota influence host immune function and modulate disease susceptibility. We studied a cohort of asymptomatic young South African women and found that the majority of participants had genital communities with low Lactobacillus abundance and high ecological diversity. High-diversity communities strongly correlated with genital pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Transcriptional profiling suggested that genital antigen-presenting cells sense gram-negative bacterial products in situ via Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, contributing to genital inflammation through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and recruitment of lymphocytes by chemokine production. Our study proposes a mechanism by which cervicovaginal microbiota impact genital inflammation and thereby might affect a woman's reproductive health, including her risk of acquiring HIV.
Abstract 18716: 30-Day All-Cause Readmission After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Massachusetts: Clinical Predictors and Hospital-Variation of a New Quality Metric
Authors: Robert W Yeh, Katya Zelevinsky, Sharon-Lise T Normand, Rahul Sakhuja, Ann Lovett, Bonnie H Weiner, Kenneth A Rosenfield
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Early readmission after discharge has been identified as a preventable source of healthcare expenditures across a broad spectrum of diseases. The National Quality Forum has proposed ado...
TGFβ1-induced migration of adenocarcinoma of the lung includes inhibition of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion
Authors: Tobias Schneider, Christian Panjas, Klaudia Giehl, Andre Menke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The concentration of TGFβ1 is enhanced in many epithelial tumors but its role during development of carcinomas remains contradictory. It is widely believed that TGFβ1 causes opposing effects during carcinogenesis. TGFβ1 suppresses proliferation and supports differentiation of most non-transformed epithelial cells, but promotes tumor progression and metastasis in later tumor stages. Its role in lung cancer is not well established.  Here, we studied the ability of TGFβ1 to activate Smad4-dependent und -independent cellular signaling pathways in different lung cancer cell lines derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leading to TGFβ1-dependend migration and invasion.  Protein biochemical studies revealed that most examined cell lines express TGFβ receptor proteins type I and II as well as Smad2 or 3 and Smad4. Six out of eight NSCLC cell lines responded to TGFβ1 treatment with induction of Smad2/3 phosphorylation, activation of Smad-responsive luciferase reporter constructs or activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 and/or phosphoinositol-3-kinase. TGFβ1-treatment induced cell migration in six out of eight NSCLC cell lines. All cell lines showing enhanced migration in response to TGFβ1-stimulation exhibited reduction or disassembly of E-cadherin- mediated cell-cell adhesion, which was not necessarily accompanied by complete epithelial to mesenchymal transition.  In summary our data support an important role of TGFβ1 in induction of cell migration in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The existence and usage of different signaling pathways by TGFβ1 points to a highly complex and redundant signaling network utilized by TGFβ1 to promote cell migration and tumor invasion.
Interleukin-12 from Intrinsic Cells Is an Effector of Renal Injury in Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: JENNIFER R. TIMOSHANKO, A. RICHARD KITCHING, STEPHEN R. HOLDSWORTH, PETER G. TIPPING
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) directs the cognate nephritogenic T helper type 1 responses that initiate renal injury in murine crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). The recent demonstration of IL-12 production by intrinsic renal cells, including mesangial and proximal tubular cells, raises the possibility that IL-12 from nonimmune cells may contribute to inflammatory renal injury. To address this possibility, the development of sheep anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane globulin—induced crescentic GN was studied in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-12—deficient (IL-12 -/-), and IL-12 “chimeric” mice. IL-12 chimeric mice were produced by transplantation of WT bone marrow into IL-12 -/- mice to restore IL-12 production by immune cells, while leaving them deficient in renal IL-12 production. WT and “sham” chimeric mice (normal bone marrow transplanted into WT mice) developed crescentic GN with glomerular T-cell and macrophage recruitment and impaired renal function (elevated proteinuria and serum creatinine) 10 d after initiation of GN. IL-12 -/- mice showed significant protection from GN. Chimeric IL-12 mice showed significant attenuation of crescent formation, glomerular T-cell and macrophage accumulation, and renal impairment, compared with WT and sham chimeric mice, but were not protected to the same extent as IL-12 -/- mice. IL-12 chimeric mice showed no attenuation of their systemic cognate immune response to the nephritogenic antigen (sheep globulin), indicated by antigen-specific circulating antibody and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity. These studies indicate that IL-12 produced by non—bone marrow derived intrinsic renal cells contributes to immune renal injury. They provide the first in vivo demonstration of a proinflammatory role for an intrinsic renal cell—derived cytokine in renal inflammation.
Updated Analysis of Response and Patient-Reported Outcomes (Pro) in Two Large Open-Label, Phase III Studies (Lux-Lung 3 [Ll3] and Lux-Lung 6 [Ll6]) of Afatinib (A) Versus Chemotherapy (Ct) in Patients (Pts) with Advanced Nsclc Harboring Egfr Mutations (Mut)
Authors: Y. Wu, L.V. Sequist, C. Hu, J. Feng, S. Lu, Y. Huang, M. Schuler, T. Mok, N. Yamamoto, K.J. O'Byrne, V. Hirsh, S.L. Geater, C. Zhou, D. Massey, J. Lungershausen, J. Yang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Carcinogenicity of Betel Quid. III. Enhancement of 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide- and N-2-Fluorenylacetamide-lnduced Carcinogenesis in Rats by Subsequent Administration of Betel Nut
Authors: Takuji Tanaka, Tokuro Kuniyasu, Hiroto Shima, Shigeyuki Sugie, Hideki Mori, Masayoshi Takahashi, Iwao Hirono
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The effect of betel nut on chemical carcinogenesis in the upper digestive tract and liver was examined in two different experimental models with ACI rats. The incidences of neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions of the tongue in animals given 5 ppm 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO; CAS: 56-57-5) in the drinking water for 16 weeks and followed by 20% betel nut in the diet for 40 weeks were significantly higher than those in animals given 4-NQO alone. No enhancing effect from betel nut on the incidences of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions in the upper digestive tract was found in animals administered 4-NQO for 12 weeks. The number of altered liver cell foci in rats given 200 ppm N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA; CAS: 53-96-3) in the diet for 8 weeks and followed by the betel nut diet for 16 weeks was significantly greater than that in animals fed the FAA diet alone. These results indicate enhancing effects of dietary administration of betel nut on oral carcinogenesis by 4-NQO and hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by FAA.
Carboxypeptidase-G2, thymidine, and leucovorin rescue in cancer patients with methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction.
Authors: B C Widemann, F M Balis, R F Murphy, J M Sorensen, M J Montello, M O'Brien, P C Adamson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Methotrexate nephrotoxicity can lead to delayed methotrexate elimination and the development of life-threatening toxicity, which may not be preventable with the standard rescue agent leucovorin. In preclinical studies, we previously demonstrated that carboxypetidase-G2 (CPDG2) rapidly hydrolyzes methotrexate to nontoxic metabolites. A protocol for the compassionate use of CPDG2 in patients who develop nephrotoxicity while receiving high-dose methotrexate was therefore developed. The pharmacologic and clinical outcome of CPDG2 rescue administered with thymidine and leucovorin in 20 patients is presented here. METHODS Patients with high-dose methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction received one to three doses of CPDG2, 50 U/kg body weight intravenously (i.v.), thymidine 8 g/m2/d by continuous i.v. infusion, and standard pharmacokinetically guided leucovorin rescue. Plasma concentrations of methotrexate and its inactive metabolite 4-deoxy-4-amino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA) were measured before and after CPDG2 using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tolerance of CPDG2 and thymidine, development of methotrexate toxicities, and recovery of renal function were monitored. RESULTS Twenty patients who received high-dose methotrexate for osteosarcoma (n = 11), lymphoid cancers (n = 8), and gastric cancer (n = 1) developed nephrotoxicity (median serum creatinine, 3.2 mg/dL) and elevated plasma methotrexate concentrations (median, 201 mumol/L at hour 46). CPDG2 and thymidine rescue was well tolerated and resulted in a rapid 95.6% to 99.6% reduction in the plasma methotrexate concentration. Methotrexate-related toxicity was mild to moderate. Serum creatinine returned to normal values at a median of 22 days. CONCLUSION CPDG2, thymidine, and leucovorin rescue was highly effective in 20 patients at high risk for developing life-threatening methotrexate toxicity after the onset of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity and delayed methotrexate excretion.