tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Room temperature and output of a jet nebulizer
Authors: D Kohler, D Hochrainer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

We read with interest the recent paper by Kongerud, ~oyseth and Johansen {1]. They found that at constant pressure and flow rate the output, defined as mass loss per minute, of a Wright nebuliser varies with ambient temperature. In a recent paper we described the results of investigations which bear on this problem [2] . A progressive drop in temperature of the vial content and a progressive reduction in the rate of overall output are reported, as is a progressive concentration of the solute in the liquid remaining in the vial. It is clear that during the process of nebulisation liquid is lost from the vial both by droplet formation and by evaporative loss. In our investigations about three quarters of the total loss was a result of evaporation. As evaporative loss would be much greater if the solute temperature was higher at the start of nebulisation it seems
Abstract 2096: Women’s Perception of Lifetime Risk for Having an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Janet A. Parkosewich, Deborah Chyun, Elizabeth H. Bradley, Marjorie Funk
Journal: Circulation (2008)

CHD claims the lives of more women than any other disease, yet few women perceive that they are at risk for this serious health condition. Public education campaigns have been implemented to heighten women’s awareness of CHD. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the perception of one’s lifetime risk for AMI in women residing in an area in which great effort was made to educate the public about women and CHD. This longitudinally-repeated, cross-sectional study involved five annual random-digit dialing surveys conducted before (2001) and after (2002 – 2005) implementing a local women and CHD public education campaign. The mean age in this sample of 1,470 women was 54 ± 8 years and the majority were White (91%), with &gt;high school education (67%). Only 45% perceived that they were at risk for AMI, yet 84% had one or more cardiac risk factors. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for demographic characteristics; CHD risk factors, sources of information, and knowledge; lifestyle behaviors; and survey year, revealed that the perception of lifetime AMI risk increases with every additional risk factor (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.60, 1.95), knowing other women with an AMI (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.22), having discussed heart-health concerns with physician (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.98), knowledge of AMI signs common in women (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.74), and receipt of primary care from an internal medicine or family practice physician (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.81). Public education campaigns alone may not be the most effective means of increasing women’s perception of their lifetime risk of AMI. These results underscore the importance of gender-specific, individualized CHD education. Women personalize their risk for AMI when the sources of information are valued human resources, such as healthcare professionals and women who have had an AMI.
Deficient autophagy in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP)
Authors: Saket Ahuja, Ingrid Henneke, Lars Knudsen, Bernadette R. Gochuico, Clemens Ruppert, Matthias Ochs, Martina Korfei, Werner Seeger, Andreas Guenther, Poornima Mahavadi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a lysosome realated disorder. Patients with HPS types -1, 2 & 4 develop pulmonary fibrosis called Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated Interstitial Pneumonia (HPSIP). HPSIP lungs show enlarged alveolar typeII cells (AECII) with giant lamellar bodies. We previously reported lung fibrosis in a HPSIP mouse model (HPS1/2), accompanied with surfactant accumulation and apoptosis of AECII due to severe lysosomal and ER stress in these mice. Data from human HPS1 patient corroborated with the HPS1/2 mice data. We aim to analyze autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway in HPSIP.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on serial paraffin lung sections from HPS1, 2, 1/2 and WT mice, lung sections from human HPS1 patients and healthy donors for autophagy related proteins LC3, p62 and for AECII marker, pro SP-C. Immunogoldlabelling for LC3B was performed on mice lungs fixed in paraformaldehyde and gluteraldehyde.

Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed that the AECII of HPS1/2 mice and human HPS1 did not stain for LC3B, while a convincing signal was observed within macrophages of the same sections and within AECII & macrophages of WT mice and healthy donors. Electron microscopy results confirm the qualitative observation of less labeling of LC3B on the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies in HPS mice compared to WT mice. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased staining for p62 within AECII of HPS1/2 compared to WT mice.

Conclusion: Our results point towards defective autophagy under HPSIP conditions both in mice and men. An indepth analysis of this pathway is underway to further understand the role of defective autophagy in the development of HPSIP.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Kidney Protection
Authors: Jenny Szu-Chin Pan, David Sheikh-Hamad
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A ten-year survey of long term oxygen treatment (LTOT) in severe COPD: Comparing the survival during telemetric home monitoring vs standard care
Authors: Roberto Dal Negro, Luca Bonadiman, Claudio Micheletto, Silvia Tognella, Paola Turco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Subjects' survival, is a crucial outcome during long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT). Methods : the survival of a cohort of 886 patients suffering from very severe chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) and admitted to long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT) at home was investigated over the last ten years. Subjects were divided in two groups well matched for age, sex, lung function and daily oxygen use: group A, patients managed according to an usual protocol for home assistance, and group B, patients admitted to a telemetric daily monitoring. Statistics : Wilcoxon's test was used in order to compare the survival and acute episodes of relapse, and p<0.05 was accepted. Results : mean survival had a significantly longer duration (2.5 fold) in subjects telemetrically controlled at home (1239.6 days ± 382.1 vs sd 482.6 days ± 273.9 sd, p<0.01). Moreover, episodes of heart failure and of lower airway infections had a lower incidence in these subjects (17.3 vs 33.0%, and 11.3 vs 21.1% respectively, both p<0.01). When standardization for age, lung function, smoking habit, and comorbidities, females still showed a significantly longer survival when managed according to the telemetric protocol of home LTOT (1166.4 days ± 556 sd vs 1433 .7 days ± 656.3 sd, p <0.01). Conclusions : the telemetric management of home LTOT proves more effective than standard care in terms of patients' overall survival. Even if further studies are needed, a different females' psychological approach to this particular model of management and their better acceptance of procedures might presumably contribute to explain the difference observed in the main outcome.
GDF11 Increases with Age and Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Marc A. Egerman, Samuel M. Cadena, Jason A. Gilbert, Angelika Meyer, Hallie N. Nelson, Susanne E. Swalley, Carolyn Mallozzi, Carsten Jacobi, Lori L. Jennings, Ieuan Clay, Gaëlle Laurent, Shenglin Ma, Sophie Brachat, Estelle Lach-Trifilieff, Tea Shavlakadze, Anne-Ulrike Trendelenburg, Andrew S. Brack, David J. Glass
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Hormonal Predictors of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Terrence Shaneyfelt, Rozita Husein, Glenn Bubley, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Although there is strong circumstantial evidence that androgens are implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer, epidemiologic investigations have failed to demonstrate consistently that one or more steroid hormones are implicated. In contrast, recent epidemiologic studies unequivocally link serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels with risk for prostate cancer. METHODS: We have performed the first meta-analysis of all previously published studies on hormonal predictors of risk for prostate cancer. RESULTS: A meta-analysis restricted to studies that performed mutual adjustment for all measured serum hormones, age, and body mass index indicated that men whose total testosterone is in the highest quartile are 2.34 times more likely to develop prostate cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 4.20). In contrast, levels of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol do not seem to play a role of equal importance. The only study that provides multivariably adjusted sex hormone–binding globulin data indicates that this binding protein is inversely related to prostate cancer risk (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.89). Finally, all three studies that examined the role of serum IGF-1 have consistently demonstrated a positive and significant association with prostate cancer risk that is similar in magnitude to that of testosterone. CONCLUSION: Men with either serum testosterone or IGF-1 levels in upper quartile of the population distribution have an approximately two-fold higher risk for developing prostate cancer.
Neurosurgeons’ Critical Role in Managing Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jamie S. Ullman, Shelly D. Timmons, Alex B. Valadka
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in difficult-to wean patients
Authors: Guido Vagheggini, Stefano Mazzoleni, Raffaele Esposito, Maria Chiara Carrozza, Nicolino Ambrosino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  To compare physiological effects of NAVA with Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) and Pressure Controlled Ventilation (PCV) in difficult-to wean patients (WPs).   Methods:  Six tracheostomised awake WPs (2 males, age 68.8±28.8y) under prolonged (>13 days) mechanical ventilation (MV) underwent physiological evaluation during three20 minute MV sessions, randomly applied, with NAVA, PSV and PCV. Airway pressure (Paw), airflow, and diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) were derived from ventilator (Servo-i, Maquet). Changes in tidal volume (Vt), inspiratory (ITD) and expiratory (ETD) time delay, and EAdi-related work of breathing (WOB) due to ITD (WOBITD) and ETD (WOBETD) were analysed at maximal respiratory comfort (s1) and discomfort (s4) steps, as defined by dyspnoea Borg score >6).   Results:  In PSV, an increase in EAdipeak, WOB, and a decrease in Vt, Ve were observed from s1 to s4, unlike NAVA and PCV. In both steps, higher ETD and WOBETD in PCV compared to NAVA were found.   Conclusions:  In WPs, NAVA was associated to reduced WOB due to patient-ventilator delay.
Does a formal prednisolone absorption test lead to improved control in difficult-to-treat asthma?
Authors: Lisa Midgley, John Blakey, Adel Mansur
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Patients with disabling asthma may have poor concordance with prescribed therapy and admit this only when confronted with firm evidence. Control may then improve through greater concordance with agreed management.  Hypothesis: In individuals prescribed long term prednisolone, an absorption test may provide formal evidence of poor concordance and thus lead to improved clinical outcomes.  Design: Observational cohort  Population: 27 patients (22 female) with asthma and poor control despite specialist review, regular prednisolone, and reported concordance.  Intervention: 0.5mg/kg prednisolone orally. Prednisolone, prednisone, cortisol and cortisone levels every hour for 3 hours.  Assessment: first visit to the asthma service, appointment at which test requested, test day, and 6 months thereafter  Outcomes: ACQ7, FEV1 % predicted, FeNO, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and regular prednisolone dose.  Analysis: Paired t tests. Results = mean +/- SEM (2sf).  Results: Patients had impaired lung function (FEV1 65% predicted+/-6.0) and poor control (4.1+/-0.56) at time of test request despite prednisolone (30mg daily +/-3.9).  12 (44%) patients had suppressed cortisol at test baseline. All tests showed adequate absorption of prednisolone.  FEV1, FeNO, prednisolone dose and ACQ did not change significantly across the four time points. Eosinophil count fell by a mean of 0.30 (CI 0.02-0.58, p=0.037) between request and test. This improvement was sustained from request to follow-up (mean 0.50, CI 0.11-0.90, p=0.016)  Conclusion: In this small study a prednisolone absorption test was associated with a sustained fall in eosinophil count; This was not reflected in improved exhaled, spirometric or clinical markers.
The use of Bladder Neck Electric Conductance (Bnec) in the Investigation and Management of Sensory Urge Incontinence in the Female
Authors: A B Peattie, S Plevnik, S L Stanton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Measurement of urethral electric conductance can be used to detect the movement of urine along the urethra by registering a change in conductivity reading. This technique has been employed in patients complaining of urge incontinence and has shown movements at the bladder neck when urgency is appreciated. Patients with sensory urgency have been successfully managed by learning to control the movements at the bladder neck during a conductivity recording.
The Ocular Signs and Complications of Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: P J McDonnell, D J Spalton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Eleven patients with the dystrophic form of epidermolysis bullosa underwent ophthalmic assessment to establish the presence, characteristics, and extent of any ocular involvement. Eight patients were found to have eye changes: these included varying degrees of symblepharon, broadening of the limbus, and corneal opacities. Taken as a group, these changes formed a characteristic pattern. The majority of patients were asymptomatic and the ocular changes appear to be only slowly progressive. Recurrent corneal abrasion and symblepharon are the most important complications.
Daclatasvir plus simeprevir with or without ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Christophe Hézode, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Veronique Loustaud-Ratti, Francisco Gea, Maria Buti, Antonio Olveira, Tivadar Banyai, M. Tarek Al-Assi, Joerg Petersen, Dominique Thabut, Adrian Gadano, Ronald Pruitt, Mihály Makara, Marc Bourlière, Stanislas Pol, Maria Beumont-Mauviel, Sivi Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, Gaston Picchio, Marc Bifano, Fiona McPhee, Navdeep Boparai, Kin Cheung, Eric A. Hughes, Stephanie Noviello
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Impact of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion on Ventricular Defibrillation Patterns, Energy Requirements, and Detection of Recovery
Authors: Hao Qin, Gregory P. Walcott, Cheryl R. Killingsworth, Dennis L. Rollins, William M. Smith, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Shocks that have defibrillated spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute ischemia or reperfusion may seem to have failed if VF recurs before the ECG amplifier recovers after shock. This could explain why the defibrillation threshold (DFT) for spontaneous VF appears markedly higher than for electrically induced VF. Methods and Results — The DFT for electrically induced VF (E-DFT) was determined in 15 pigs before ischemia, followed by left anterior ascending or left circumflex artery occlusion. VF was electrically induced 20 minutes after occlusion, followed 5 minutes later by reperfusion. Whether spontaneous or electrically induced, VF during occlusion or reperfusion was treated with up to 3 shocks at 1.5×E-DFT. If all 3 shocks failed, shock strength was increased. Thirty minutes after reperfusion, the other artery was occluded and the protocol was repeated. Defibrillation was considered successful if postshock sinus/idioventricular rhythm was present for ≥30 seconds. VF recurring within 30 seconds after the shock was considered immediate or delayed if the first postshock activation complex in a rapidly restored ECG recording was VF or sinus/idioventricular rhythm, respectively. Defibrillation efficacy at 1.5×E-DFT was significantly higher for electrically induced ischemic VF (76%) than for spontaneous VF (31%). The incidence of delayed recurrence after electrically induced nonischemic (3%) or ischemic (20%) VF was significantly lower than after spontaneous VF (75%). Mean VF recurrence time after spontaneous VF was 4.6±5.3 seconds. Conclusions — Spontaneous VF can be halted by a shock but then quickly restart before a standard ECG amplifier has recovered from postshock saturation, making it appear that the shock failed.
69. Stable and Sustained Transgene Expression in Primate Embryonic Stem Cells by
Authors: I. Hennig, D. Jevremovic, R. Gulati, M. Gough, M. Crittenden, F. L. Cosset, L. Alvarez-Vallina, T. Clackson, John D. Chester, R. Simari, R. Vile
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)
Patients with multiple GP consultations before cancer diagnosis are less satisfied with care:
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Patients who have multiple GP consultations before being referred and getting a cancer diagnosis are less satisfied with their subsequent cancer care than patients who are referred after fewer GP visits, an analysis of English patient surveys has shown.1

The study, reported in the European Journal of Cancer Care , analysed data from 73 462 respondents to two English Cancer Patient Experience Surveys covering 2011-12 and 2012-13. Researchers looked at patients’ reports of their cancer care after diagnosis, comparing …
Neural Oscillations and Synchrony in Brain Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Daniel H. Mathalon, Vikaas S. Sohal
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Neural oscillations are rhythmic fluctuations over time in the activity or excitability of single neurons, local neuronal populations or "assemblies," and/or multiple regionally distributed neuronal assemblies. Synchronized oscillations among large numbers of neurons are evident in electrocorticographic, electroencephalographic, magnetoencephalographic, and local field potential recordings and are generally understood to depend on inhibition that paces assemblies of excitatory neurons to produce alternating temporal windows of reduced and increased excitability. Synchronization of neural oscillations is supported by the extensive networks of local and long-range feedforward and feedback bidirectional connections between neurons. Here, we review some of the major methods and measures used to characterize neural oscillations, with a focus on gamma oscillations. Distinctions are drawn between stimulus-independent oscillations recorded during resting states or intervals between task events, stimulus-induced oscillations that are time locked but not phase locked to stimuli, and stimulus-evoked oscillations that are both time and phase locked to stimuli. Synchrony of oscillations between recording sites, and between the amplitudes and phases of oscillations of different frequencies (cross-frequency coupling), is described and illustrated. Molecular mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations are also reviewed. Ultimately, understanding the temporal organization of neuronal network activity, including interactions between neural oscillations, is critical for elucidating brain dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders.
10-15 years old children living in Malta are at higher risk for developing allergic respiratory diseases than those living in Southern Sicily
Authors: Gaspare Drago, Martin Balzan, Silvia Ruggieri, David Bilocca, Christopher Zammit, Paolo Colombo, Giuseppe Piva, Giuseppina Cuttitta, Salvatore Bucchieri, Stephen Montefort, Giovanni Viegi, Fabio Cibella
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of living in highly polluted areas in Malta and in Sicily on reported allergic respiratory diseases in children. Malta has a very high population density while the petrochemical industry located close to Gela is one of the main sources of industrial air pollution in Sicily. In the context of RESPIRA Project, we evaluated 2,047 schoolchildren (972 M), aged 10-15 yrs, selected from 12 junior high schools of Southern Sicily (n=1,189 evaluated subjects) and 6 of Malta (n=858). Children′s parents fulfilled an ISAAC respiratory questionnaire. Rhinitis in the last 12 months was reported by 6.6% in Italy and 7.9% in Malta (p=.05); wheeze in the last 12 months (W12m) by 7.4% in Italy and 12.7% in Malta (p  Funded by Cross-border Program Italy-Malta 2007-2013 code A1.2.3-72.