tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Siberian region
Authors: Olga Alkhovik, Maya Dymova, Tatyana Petrenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment, particularly in water and soil. Among them, there are dangerous and colonizing species. Mycobacteria can cause infection in humans and animals. NTM infection may be difficult to differentiate from colonization, and when NTM infection is diagnosed, it is not a reportable disease. NTM infection case-reporting data in the Siberian Federal Region of Russia in the past five years remain stable at low level: in 2009-0.2%, 2011-0.1%, 2010-0.3% of the total number of studies on identifications.  Objective: To estimate NTM prevalence in Siberian Region.  Methods: microbiological test, sequencing, GenoType® Mycobacterium CM/AS (“Hain Lifescience”).  Results: We detected 36 different strains of NTM, isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Species composition was as following:  M.peregrinum -  8 isolates,  M.fortuitum -8,  M.gordonae  -4,  M.intracellulare -3,  M.abscessus -4,  M.kansasii -3,  M.thermoresistibile -1,  M. murale -1,  M.arupense -1,  M.smegmatis -2,  M.chelonae -1 .  Results of all the above tests were the same.  Conclusions: NTM disease is clearly a major problem in certain groups, including patients with underlying lung disease and also in individuals with impaired immunity. Accordingly, a thorough diagnosis of NTM disease is necessary. The rates of NTM infection and disease are increasing, thereby the problem will likely continue to grow and become a far more important issue than current rates suggest. The capacity of laboratory diagnosis for mycobacteriosis in Siberian Region is not sufficient; therefore it is necessary to create a common collection of strains with known biochemical attributes, and culture and genotyping information.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily (OD) fluticasone furoate (FF) in patients with persistent asthma: A 24-week randomised trial
Authors: Jan Lötvall, Eugene Bleecker, William Busse, Paul O'Byrne, Ashley Woodcock, Eric Bateman, Edward Kerwin, Sally Stone, Richard Forth, Loretta Jacques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  The inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) FF is under development as a OD monotherapy for asthma and in combination with the OD long-acting beta 2  agonist vilanterol for asthma and COPD.   Objectives:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FF in patients ≥12 years with persistent asthma uncontrolled on a stable low-to-mid dose of ICS (≤500mcg fluticasone propionate [FP] equivalent total daily dose).   Methods:  In this double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study, patients (N=343; ITT) received FF (100mcg OD in the evening via a new dry powder inhaler; n=114), FP (250mcg twice daily [BD] via DISKUS™; n=114) or placebo (n=115) for 24 weeks. Primary endpoint: trough FEV 1  at 24 weeks. Powered secondary endpoint: change from baseline in % rescue-free 24h periods over 24 weeks. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), incidence of severe exacerbations and 24h urinary cortisol (UC) excretion.   Results:  FF and FP significantly improved trough FEV 1  compared with placebo (diff. 146mL [p=0.009] and 145mL [p=0.011], respectively). Significantly more % rescue-free 24h periods were reported for FF (14.8) and FP (17.9) than placebo (both p   Conclusions:  FF 100mcg OD significantly improved trough FEV 1  to a similar extent to FP 250mcg BD and reduced rescue use relative to placebo. FF was well tolerated with a similar AE profile and effect on 24h UC to FP.  Funded by GSK (FFA112059; NCT01159912).
Trial of (+)-Cyanidanol-3 in Patients with Hepatitis B Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: P W N Keeling, L Viola, M G Anderson, J H Marigold, J C Macartney, F J Paradinas, I M Murray-Lyon, R P H Thompson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

A double-blind controlled trial of 12 months' treatment with (+)-cyanidanol-3 was carried out in 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B liver disease. Treatment did not improve liver blood tests nor histological appearances of the liver, but there was a trend towards reduction of serum titres of hepatitis B surface antigen.
Comparison of narrowband ultraviolet B exposure and oral vitamin D substitution on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Authors: M.J. Ala-Houhala, K. Vähävihu, T. Hasan, H. Kautiainen, L. Ylianttila, H.T. Viljakainen, E. Snellman, T. Reunala
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

A short course of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) exposures increases the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in patients with psoriasis and healthy subjects.To compare the effects of NB-UVB and oral vitamin D substitution in healthy subjects in winter.Healthy adult hospital employees and medical students were screened for serum 25(OH)D concentration. Those with 25(OH)D below 75 nmol L(-1) were randomly given either 12 NB-UVB exposures or 20 μg of oral cholecalciferol daily for 4 weeks. The NB-UVB exposures were given with a Waldmann UV 7001 cabin and the mean cumulative dose was 48·4 standard erythema doses. Serum 25(OH)D was measured before and after the treatments by radioimmunoassay.The baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations were 52·9 ± 10·4 (mean ± SD) in the 33 NB-UVB-treated and 53·5 ± 12·7 nmol L(-1) in the 30 oral cholecalciferol-treated subjects. The mean increase in serum 25(OH)D was 41·0 nmol L(-1) [95% confidence interval (CI) 34·8-47·2; P < 0·001] in the NB-UVB group and 20·2 nmol L(-1) (95% CI 14·6-26·0; P < 0·001) in the cholecalciferol group. The difference between the two treatments was significant at 2 weeks (P = 0·033) and at 4 weeks (P < 0·001). One month after the treatments the 25(OH)D concentrations had increased further.The present study shows that 12 NB-UVB exposures given during 4 weeks increase serum 25(OH)D concentration significantly more than 20 μg of oral cholecalciferol daily. A short NB-UVB course is an effective way to improve vitamin D balance in winter and the response is still evident 2 months after the course.
Rapidly Acquired Cytotoxicity of Lymphoid Cells From Mice Inoculated With Allogeneic Spleen Cells
Authors: Elena G. Slavina, Natalia V. Karmanova, Inna L. Leipunskaya, Svetlana N. Zinzar, Jurgen Reinhöfer, George J. Svet-Moldavsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Rapidly Acquired Cytotoxicity of Lymphoid Cells From Mice Inoculated With Allogeneic Spleen Cells Get access Elena G. Slavina, Elena G. Slavina 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Natalia V. Karmanova, Natalia V. Karmanova 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Inna L. Leipunskaya, Inna L. Leipunskaya 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Svetlana N. Zinzar, Svetlana N. Zinzar 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jurgen Reinhöfer, Jurgen Reinhöfer 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George J. Svet-Moldavsky, M.D. George J. Svet-Moldavsky, M.D. 2Laboratory of Virology, Oncological Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow ll5478, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 6, December 1976, Pages 1233–1236, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.6.1233 Published: 01 December 1976 Article history Received: 24 March 1975 Revision received: 12 April 1976 Published: 01 December 1976
Chronic lung damage by repetitive instillation of gastric fluid in a rat model: Histological and functional changes
Authors: Gisella Borzone, Rafael Contreras, Andrea Cutiño, Fernando Saldias, Manuel Meneses
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Chronic aspiration of gastroesophageal reflux into the lungs has been related to permanent lung damage such as pulmonary fibrosis or bronchiectasis. We developed a rat model of aspiration of gastric content to study lung histological and functional changes.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300g, n=6/group) received orotracheally: one, two, three or four weekly doses (0.5ml) of a pool of gastric juice (GJ) (pH=1, pepsin concentration 2mg/ml), obtained from a different group of rats. Six rats with no intervention served as controls. Seven days after last instillation, animals were sacrificed and lungs excised in block to study functional and histological changes. End expiratory lung volumen (EELV) was measured by volumen displacement and changes in lung compliance evaluated by changes in k constant of the deflation Pressure-Volume (P-V) curve. Finally, lungs were fixed at 20 cm H2O and histological changes evaluated with H-E stain. One way ANOVA and Spearman correlation were used (p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant).

Results: EELV increased progressively from 2.87 ± 0.95 ml in controls to 6.88 ± 1.3 ml in rats after four weekly doses of GJ (p<0.001). The k constant of P-V curve was 0.2206±0.007 in controls and did not change after repeated doses of GJ. Consistent with physiology, a granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis with multinucleated giant cells and prominent bronchiolar involvement were seen in histological studies.

Conclusions: Progressive lung hyperinflation characterizes this four-weekly instillation model, largely related to peribronchiolar interstitial inflammation, since no increase in lung compliance was found.

Funding: FONDECYT Grant 1120943.
Evolutionary relationships among the male and female mitochondrial DNA lineages in the Mytilus edulis species complex.
Authors: P D Rawson, T J Hilbish
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

A novel form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance has previously been documented for the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Female mussels inherit their mtDNA solely from their mother while males inherit mtDNA from both their mother and their father. In males, the paternal mtDNA is preferentially amplified so that the male gonad is highly enriched for the paternal mtDNA that is then transmitted from fathers to sons. We demonstrate that this mode of mtDNA inheritance also operates in the closely related species M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. The evolutionary relationship between the male and female mtDNA lineages is estimated by phylogenetic analysis of 455 nucleotides from the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. We have found that the male and female lineages are highly divergent; the divergence of these lineages began prior to the speciation of the three species of blue mussels. Further, the separation between the male and female lineages is estimated to have occurred between 5.3 and 5.7 MYA.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography According to Pre-Test Probability of Coronary Artery Disease and Severity of Coronary Arterial Calcification
Authors: Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Julie M. Miller, Carlos E. Rochitte, Marc Dewey, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Ilan Gottlieb, Narinder Paul, Melvin E. Clouse, Edward P. Shapiro, John Hoe, Albert C. Lardo, David E. Bush, Albert de Roos, Christopher Cox, Jeffrey Brinker, Joăo A.C. Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Induction of Gliomas in Mongolian Gerbils (&lt;italic&gt;Meriones unguiculatus&lt;/italic&gt;) Following Neonatal Administration of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Ethyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosourea&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Naito, H Aoyama, Y Fujioka, A Ito
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were given an sc injection (40 mg/kg body wt) of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea [(ENU) CAS: 759-73-9] on postnatal day 1 (group I) or day 29 (group II). Untreated gerbils served as controls (group III). Of 32 gerbils in group I, 10 (31%) developed a total of 14 gliomas after an observation period of 12 months, whereas no gliomas were observed in groups II and III. Seven gliomas were located in the spinal cord, 6 were in the cerebrum, and 1 was in the cerebellum. Histologically, all were oligodendrogliomas. In group II, 1 meningeal tumor (4%) was observed among 27 gerbils. ENU also induced cutaneous melanomas (22% in group I, 15% in group II, and 0% in group III), kidney hemangiomas (6% in group I, 26% in group II, and 0% in group III), and ameloblastomas of the lower jaw (6% in group I and 0% in groups II and III).
Prospective evaluation of unilateral adrenal masses in patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: S E Ettinghausen, M E Burt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Although adrenal metastases are frequently noted with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at autopsy, their incidence in patients with operable NSCLC is unclear. We prospectively assessed consecutive patients with otherwise operable NSCLC for the incidence and histology of unilateral adrenal masses. Assessment included blood chemistries, lung function tests, bronchoscopy, chest x-ray, bone scan, and computed tomography (CT) of the head, chest, and upper abdomen. Of 246 patients with otherwise operable NSCLC, 10 (4.1%) had a unilateral adrenal mass. Unilateral adrenal masses were needle-aspirated under CT control. If cytology was nondiagnostic, adrenalectomy was performed. Four (40%) of 10 patients had adrenal metastases proven by needle aspiration. Of the six (60%) patients with benign unilateral adrenal masses, one was demonstrated by needle aspiration. In the other five patients, a nondiagnostic needle aspiration led to adrenalectomy, which yielded two adenomas, two hyperplastic nodules, and one hemorrhagic cyst. There was no significant difference between the patients with benign and metastatic unilateral adrenal masses with respect to patient age or stage and size of adrenal mass. Patients with benign unilateral adrenal masses underwent curative resection of their NSCLC and had significantly prolonged survival compared with patients with metastatic unilateral adrenal masses treated with chemotherapy (P = .037). Median survival of patients with benign and metastatic unilateral adrenal masses was greater than 30 months and 9 months, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of unilateral adrenal masses in patients with otherwise operable NSCLC should not preclude thoracotomy without pathologic proof of metastatic disease.
Neurohormonal Modulation of Natural Resistance to a Murine Lymphoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A H Greenberg, D G Dyck, L S Sandler, B Pohajdak, K M Dresel, D Grant
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The hypothesis that neuroendocrine stimulation after aversive handling can alter natural resistance was examined in the tail electroshock (TES) model, a procedure that can activate pituitary neuropeptide secretion. Immediately after a brief TES session, the resistance of DBA/2J mice was suppressed in proportion to the intensity of the shock. Initial suppression of the natural resistance was rapidly reversed in longer treatment protocols, and repeated aversive stimulation augmented the antitumor response, leaving the mice more resistant to lymphoma than unhandled animals. Corticosterone was released into the serum after all acute handling procedures, and hydrocortisone inoculation suppressed antitumor responses. However, serum corticosterone levels did not quantitatively correlate with the alterations in natural resistance. The observation that TES-induced suppression of natural resistance could be reversed by the opiate receptor antagonist naltrexone suggested that endogenous opiated released after TES stimulation were immunosuppressive.
Dermatological findings in 61 mutation-positive individuals with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Authors: D.H. Siegel, J. McKenzie, I.J. Frieden, K.A. Rauen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The RASopathies are a class of human genetic syndromes that are caused by germline mutations in genes which encode components of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome is characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, congenital heart defects, and abnormalities of the skin and hair.Systematically to characterize the spectrum of dermatological findings in mutation-positive individuals with CFC syndrome.Dermatological surveys were designed by the authors and distributed to the study participants through CFC International or directly by the authors (K.A.R. and D.H.S.) between July 2006 and August 2009. A second follow-up survey was collected between December 2007 and August 2009. When available, digital images and medical records of the participants were obtained. Study participants included individuals with CFC syndrome who have a mutation in BRAF, MAP2K1, MAP2K2 or KRAS.Individuals with CFC syndrome have a variety of dermatological manifestations caused by dysregulation of the MAPK pathway in development. Numerous acquired melanocytic naevi were one of the most striking features: more than 50 naevi were reported by 23% (14/61) of participants and of those, more than 100 naevi were reported by 36% (5/14). Keratosis pilaris was reported in 80% (49/61) of cases. Ulerythema ophryogenes was common, occurring in 90% (55/61). Infantile haemangiomas occurred at a greater frequency, 26% (16/61), as compared with the general population.CFC syndrome has a complex dermatological phenotype with many cutaneous features, some of which allow it to be differentiated from the other Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes. Multiple café-au-lait macules and papillomas were not identified in this CFC cohort, helping to distinguish CFC from other RASopathies such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and Costello syndrome.
Modifying Cancer-Related Fatigue by Optimizing Sleep Quality
Authors: Ann Malone Berger, Sandra A. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Cancer-related fatigue is reported by patients to be the most distressing and persistent symptom experienced during and after treatment. Unrelieved fatigue often accompanies other symptoms and leads to decreased physical functioning and lower health-related quality of life. Various factors, including daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances, have been reported to influence perceptions of fatigue. This article shares current knowledge about the relationships among cancer-related fatigue, sleep disturbances, and daytime sleepiness, and makes recommendations for routine screening, assessment, and interventions to modify fatigue through optimizing sleep quality in adult cancer patients. Evidence is reviewed for nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for optimizing sleep quality in patients with acute or chronic insomnia secondary to medical illnesses, including cancer. A summary of interventions is presented that focuses on optimizing sleep quality in attempt to lower fatigue. These interventions may be helpful for adult cancer patients experiencing insomnia but will require further testing to establish their efficacy in this population. Recommendations for research are provided, including the need to increase knowledge on the relationships among fatigue, sleep disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and other symptoms in various disease sites, stages, and treatments of cancer and the need for further testing of the measurements used for the evaluation of sleep quality in clinical practice and research.
Tobacco exposure and asthma control in pregnancy: A prospective observational study of 500 pregnancies
Authors: Pernille Grarup, Julie Janner, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and Aim:  Asthma and tobacco exposure is common among pregnant women. We investigated the effect of passive and active tobacco exposure on asthma control during pregnancy.  Methods : Prospective observational design. Primary outcome was episodes of uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy. Patients had their asthma control, tobacco exposure, spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide assessed during regular visits.  Results:  A total of 500 pregnant women with asthma (defined according to GINA-guidelines) aged 17 to 44 years were included, of whom 32 (6.4%), 115 (23.0%) and 353 (70.6%) were current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers, respectively. Sixty-five patients (13.0%) reported passive tobacco exposure. Current and ex-smokers had significantly lower FEV 1 %pred compared with never smokers (p Conclusion:  Not only active smoking, but also passive tobacco exposure is associated with an increased risk of episodes of uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy.
Immunologic Reactivity to Viral Antigens in Chickens Infected With Avian Leukosis Viruses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul Meyers, Robert M. Dougherty
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The immunologic response to viral antigens of chickens rendered tolerant to a subgroup A avian leukosis virus, ALV-F42, was investigated. Attempts to break tolerance by the challenge with a related virus, RAV-1, were, with one exception, unsuccessful. Antibody responses to immunization with influenza virus in control and tolerant birds of various ages indicated that there was no impairment of the ability of tolerant birds to respond to this virus. In contrast, challenge of chickens tolerant to subgroup A avian leukosis virus with subgroup B avian leukosis virus, RAV-6, revealed an age-dependent suppression of antibody response to RAV-6. There was evidence that double infection with ALV-F42 and RAV-6, but not infection with either ALV-F42 or RAV-6 alone, led to some general suppression of antibody response, as measured by reduced influenza antibody titers after challenge with influenza virus.