tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A critique of the World Resources Institute's report "Pesticides and the immune system: the public health risks".
Authors: J Acquavella, C Burns, D Flaherty, M Holsapple, I Kimber, G Ladics, S Loveless, A Tobia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A recent World Resources Institute (WRI) report concluded that pesticides are a likely cause of immune suppression for millions of people throughout the world. The gravity of this conclusion motivated us to review the scientific evidence cited in the report. The predominant human evidence came from cross-sectional studies conducted in the former Soviet Union.These studies were difficult to evaluate due to incomplete reporting and had obvious limitations in terms of subject selection, exposure assessment,lack of quality control, statistical analysis, adequacy of the comparison group, and confounding. The toxicologic evidence was comprised mainly of acute high-dose studies in which the exposure conditions resulted in systemic toxicity. The relevance of these studies to effects at typical human exposure levels is questionable. We did not find consistent, credible evidence to support the conclusion of widespread pesticide-related immune suppression. Nonetheless, the WRI report is an important document because it focuses attention on a potentially important issue for future research and brings a substantial literature of foreign language studies to the attention of Western scientists.
Chenodiol and Gallstones
Authors: DAVID CUNDIFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1982Chenodiol and GallstonesDAVID CUNDIFF, M.D.DAVID CUNDIFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-452_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The National Cooperative Gallstone Study Group report (1) concluded that "chenodiol has a role in the treatment of selected patients with gallstones." A review of the data from that study suggests just the opposite conclusion.Patients receiving chenodiol had no fewer episodes of biliary cholic. Cholecystectomies were needed in 4.3% of the placebo group, 6.1% of the high-dose chenodiol group, and 9.0% of the low-dose chenodiol group (low-dose), p < 0.030 versus placebo). Survival was not influenced in the short follow-up period.Although treated patients were not better off in terms of symptoms, disease complications, or survival,...References1. SCHOENFIELDLACHIN LJ. Chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for dissolution of gallstones. The National Cooperative Gallstone Study: a controlled trial of efficacy and safety. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:257-82. LinkGoogle Scholar2. POMAREHEATONLOW-BEERESPINER EKTH. The effect of wheat bran upon bile salt metabolism and upon the lipid composition of bile in gallstone patients. Am J Dig Dis. 1976;21:521-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MAUDGALBIRDBLACKWOODNORTHFIELD PRWT. Low cholesterol diets: enhancement of effect of CDCA in patients with gallstones. Br Med J. 1978;2:851-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 452-453KeywordsCholecystectomyPatients Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
COMPARISON OF EARLY SURGERY AND CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT FOR ASYMPTOMATIC SEVERE DEGENERATIVE MITRAL REGURGITATION: A PROPENSITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Kee–Joon Choi, Jeong Yoon Jang, Byung Joo Sun, Dae–Hee Kim, Jong–Min Song, Jae–Kwan Song, Jae–Won Lee, Joo–Hee Zo, Duk–Hyun Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Transurethral Holmium: YAG Laser Prostatectomy Using a Side&amp;ndash;Firing Fiber for Bladder Outlet Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Enlargement: Urodynamic Evaluation of Surgical Outcome
Authors: Tomonori Yamanishi, Kazushiro Takei, Toyofusa Tobe, Takeshi Ueda, Haruo Ito, Kosaku Yasuda
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Correction of Adverse Response to Suxamethonium of Susceptible Pigs
Authors: D. Lister
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The adverse response to suxamethonium in susceptible pigs has been shown to be associated with changes in serum free thyroxine index. Pyrexia and acidosis can be controlled by the cautious administration of L-triiodo-thyronine (T-3). Successful correction has been achieved in eight episodes, and in six of these, where it was intended, rapid, uneventful, and complete recovery occurred.
THE PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE UNIVERSITY MATERNITY FOR THE YEAR 1903.
Authors: BARTON COOKE HIRST
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The propriety of repairing the posterior vaginal wall and the pelvic floor after labor by an immediate or intermediate operation is universally conceded. It is curious, therefore, that the other injuries of the genital canal in labor are ignored by the majority of general practitioners and specialists, although they are almost as common and have consequences quite as serious as the so-called "lacerations of the perineum." Indeed, when one considers the indubitable relationship of lacerated cervix to cancer of that region and the discomfort of a cystocele, it is questionable if injuries of the pelvic floor are not of subordinate importance among the three varieties of traumatism to which the genital canal is subjected in labor. It must appear illogical to the unprejudiced observer to admit that injuries of the pelvic floor should be repaired without fail in the puerperium, but that the other injuries of childbirth, equally disadvantageous to
Diastolic viscous properties of the intact canine left ventricle.
Authors: S D Nikolic, K Tamura, T Tamura, M Dahm, R W Frater, E L Yellin
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The viscoelastic model of the ventricle predicts that the rate of change of volume (strain rate) is a determinant of the instantaneous pressure in the ventricle during diastole. Because relaxation is not complete before the onset of filling, one cannot distinguish the individual effects of relaxation and viscosity unless the passive and active components that determine the ventricular pressure are separated. To overcome this problem, we used the method of ventricular volume clamping to compare the pressures in the fully relaxed ventricle at a given volume at zero strain rate (static pressure) and high strain rate (dynamic pressure). Six open-chest, fentanyl-anesthetized dogs were instrumented with micromanometers and an electronically controlled mitral valve occluder in series with the electromagnetic flow probe. We reasoned as follows: If there were significant viscosity, then the dynamic pressure would be higher than the static pressure. The static pressure was measured when the ventricle was completely relaxed following a mitral valve occlusion after an arbitrary filling volume had been achieved. The dynamic pressure was determined by delaying the onset of filling until relaxation was complete and then measuring the pressure at the same volume that was achieved when the static pressure was measured. In 19 different hemodynamic situations, the dynamic and static pressures were identical (mean difference, 0.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg), indicating that in the passive ventricle viscoelastic effects are insignificant and do not contribute to the left ventricular diastolic pressure under normal filling rates.
Molecular Coupling of a Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Activated K <sup>+</sup> Channel to L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels via α-Actinin2
Authors: Ling Lu, Qian Zhang, Valeriy Timofeyev, Zhao Zhang, J. Nilas Young, Hee-Sup Shin, Anne A. Knowlton, Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Cytoskeletal proteins are known to sculpt the structural architecture of cells. However, their role as bridges linking the functional crosstalk of different ion channels is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK2 channel), present in a variety of cells, where they integrate changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)(i)] with changes in K(+) conductance and membrane potential, associate with L-type Ca(2+) channels; Ca(v)1.3 and Ca(v)1.2 through a physical bridge, alpha-actinin2 in cardiac myocytes. SK2 channels do not physically interact with L-type Ca(2+) channels, instead, the 2 channels colocalize via their interaction with alpha-actinin2 cytoskeletal protein. The association of SK2 channel with alpha-actinin2 localizes the channel to the entry of external Ca(2+) source, which regulate the channel function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the functions of SK2 channels in atrial myocytes are critically dependent on the normal expression of Ca(v)1.3 Ca(2+) channels. Null deletion of Ca(v)1.3 channel results in abnormal function of SK2 channel and prolongation of repolarization and atrial arrhythmias. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of the coupling of SK2 channel with voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel, and represents the first report linking the coupling of 2 different types of ion channels via cytoskeletal proteins.
Increased expression of Fas on human epidermal cells after in vivo exposure to single-dose ultraviolet (UV) B or long-wave UVA radiation
Authors: B. Bang, J. Rygaard, O. Baadsgaard, L. Skov
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Apoptosis has been proposed to act as an important mechanism for eliminating keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. One way to induce apoptosis in keratinocytes is through activation of the cell surface receptor Fas (CD95), either with the ligand (FasL) or directly with UV radiation. Objectives To investigate the regulation of Fas and FasL expression in human skin and the formation of apoptotic cells after in vivo exposure to UVB or long‐wave UVA radiation. Methods Volunteers were irradiated with either 3 minimal erythema doses (MED) of UVB ( n = 6) or 3 MED of long‐wave UVA ( n = 6) on buttock skin 12, 24 and 72 h before skin punch biopsies were taken. Expression of Fas and FasL was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections. Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated fluorescein‐deoxyuridine triphosphate nick‐end labelling reaction. Results In five of six subjects, exposure to UVB radiation resulted in increased homogeneous expression of Fas on epidermal cells, with greatest expression at 24 and 72 h after irradiation. In all subjects, exposure to long‐wave UVA resulted in increased homogeneous expression of Fas on epidermal cells, with greatest expression at 12 h after irradiation. In five of six subjects, exposure to UVB radiation resulted in temporarily decreased expression of FasL, but after 72 h the expression of FasL had returned to the preirradiation level. The expression of FasL on epidermal cells after exposure to long‐wave UVA showed considerable variation. UVB irradiation was a stronger inducer of epidermal apoptosis than was UVA irradiation. The number of apoptotic epidermal cells did not correlate with expression of Fas or FasL. Conclusions In human skin the expression of Fas on epidermal cells increases after in vivo exposure to UVB or long‐wave UVA. Exposure to UVB causes a temporary decrease in the expression of FasL on epidermal cells.
Quality of Cancer Pain Management: An Update of a Systematic Review of Undertreatment of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Maria Teresa Greco, Anna Roberto, Oscar Corli, Silvia Deandrea, Elena Bandieri, Silvio Cavuto, Giovanni Apolone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Pain is a frequent symptom in patients with cancer, with substantial impact. Despite the availability of opioids and updated guidelines from reliable leading societies, undertreatment is still frequent.We updated a systematic review published in 2008, which showed that according to the Pain Management Index (PMI), 43.4% of patients with cancer were undertreated. This review included observational and experimental studies reporting negative PMI scores for adults with cancer and pain published from 2007 to 2013 and retrieved through MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar. To detect any temporal trend and identify potential determinants of undertreatment, we compared articles published before and after 2007 with univariable, multivariable, and sensitivity analyses.In the new set of 20 articles published from 2007 to 2013, there was a decrease in undertreatment of approximately 25% (from 43.4 to 31.8%). In the whole sample, the proportion of undertreated patients fell from 2007 to 2013, and an association was confirmed between negative PMI score, economic level, and nonspecific setting for cancer pain. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results.Analysis of 46 articles published from 1994 to 2013 using the PMI to assess the adequacy of analgesic therapy suggests the quality of pharmacologic pain management has improved. However, approximately one third of patients still do not receive pain medication proportional to their pain intensity.
Patient Decisions About Breast Cancer Chemoprevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mary E. Ropka, Jess Keim, John T. Philbrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose Women at high risk of breast cancer face the complex decision of whether to take tamoxifen or raloxifene for breast cancer chemoprevention. We investigated what is known about decisions of women regarding chemoprevention. Methods Using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PSYCINFO, plus reviewing reference lists of relevant articles, in December 2009 we identified 13 studies that addressed patient decisions about breast cancer chemoprevention, were published in 1995 or later, were peer-reviewed primary clinical studies, and reported rates at which participants showed interest in (hypothetical uptake) or accepted (real uptake) chemoprevention medications. Results Nine studies provided information about hypothetical breast cancer chemoprevention decisions (mean uptake rate, 24.7%) and five provided information about real decisions (mean uptake rate, 14.8%). The range of rates was wide, and each of the hypothetical uptake studies assessed interest differently. A logistic regression model found significant correlation with uptake of decision type (hypothetical versus real, odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.16), educational or decision support intervention (provided v not, OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.27), and cohort risk for breast cancer (high-risk v general population, OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.75). Perceived vulnerability to breast cancer was consistently correlated with increased uptake, and concern for adverse effects was correlated with reduced uptake. All studies used a correlational/descriptive design, and most studies used convenience sampling strategies. Conclusion Breast cancer chemoprevention uptake rates are low and variation is wide. Hypothetical uptake rates are higher than real uptake, and interventions markedly reduce uptake. Research is needed that uses reproducible sampling methods and examines decision support strategies that lead to quality decisions.
Abstract 2112: COLD-PCR -based deep sequencing identifies novel mutations and intratumor TP53 mutational heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jin Li, Coren A. Milbury, Cheng Li, Mike G. Makrigiorgos
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract TP53 is frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma, a major type of lung cancer, and certain TP53 mutations correlate with prognosis and multidrug resistance. Reliable identification of the type and position of TP53 mutations is problematic as the mutations are scattered over numerous codons while their abundance in clinical samples can fall below the sensitivity limits of conventional sequencing methods. Here we employ COLD-PCR, a new form of PCR that selectively amplifies mutation-containing sequences such that the resulting PCR products contain high percentages of mutant alleles. To ensure the highest sensitivity, we adapted the method to employ two consecutive rounds of COLD-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Using this highly sensitive new approach for ‘deep-sequencing’ we screened 48 lung adenocarcinoma samples to identify presence and type/position of low-level TP53 mutations. Missense/frame-shift TP53 mutations throughout exons 5-8 were identified in 23 out of 48 (48%) lung adenocarcinoma samples examined, including 8 low-level mutations with an abundance of 1-17% and 3 with an abundance below 1%. 3 novel lung adenocarcinoma mutations were discovered. We identified disruptive mutations that are undocumented in the lung cancer TP53 mutation database and samples harboring low-level (2%-abundance) putative driver mutations concurrently with passenger clonal TP53 mutations (80%-abundance). Our data reveal the presence of widespread intra-tumoral TP53 mutation heterogeneity, and a spectrum of numerous protein-altering mutations at low abundance, that were missed in previous investigations. The implications of using deep-TP53-sequencing as a prognostic/predictive biomarker, evaluation of cancer risk, recurrence, and further understanding of cancer biology are discussed. In addition, we evaluate the use of whole genome-amplification prior to mutation screening in situations when the source of genomic DNA is limited, which can be critical for early cancer detection from biopsy, the assessment of minimal residual disease following surgery, disease staging, and monitoring of cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2112.
Failure of increased use of endoscopy to influence complication rate in peptic ulcer disease.
Authors: G Holdstock, S Colley
Journal: BMJ (1983)

and no further episodes of ventricular fibrillation occurred.Arterial blood gas tensions at this time were pH 7-3, oxygen pressure 50 7 kPa (380 mm Hg), and carbon dioxide pressure 6-4 kPa (48 mm Hg); standard bicarbonate concentration 21-5 mmol(mEq)/l; and base excess -2-5 mmol(mEq)/l.Amiodarone was continued as an intravenous infusion with 600 mg in 5% dextrose over 12 hours and 300 mg in 5% dextrose for a further 24 hours, during which time an electrocardiogram showed varying degrees of heart block and nodal rhythms.His clinical state improved, and he required only intravenous atropine on two occasions for bradycardia.Serum digoxin concentration was above 5 t&g/l on admission, but the sample was not retained for more accurate determination.Digoxin concentrations did not fall into the therapeutic range until day 5, when a concentration of 1-4 ,ug/l was recorded.As the plasma half life in overdosage is about 13 hours3 the peak digoxin concentration would have been over 40 /eg/l.Comment Serum digoxin concentrations were not obtained accurately in this patient, although he was undoubtedly severely poisoned and had intractable ventricular fibrillation unresponsive to a class I anti- arrhythmic drug.Use of a beta blocker was thought too hazardous because of the absence of pacing facilities and the previous asystole.Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that prolongs the action potential in ventricular muscle, lengthens the refractory period of the myocardium, and reduces the maximum rate of repolarisa- tion.Drugs exhibiting class III antiarrhythmic properties reverse arrhythmias induced with ouabain in animals.4Although amiodarone increases digoxin concentrations when given by mouth and this may produce digoxin toxicity after chronic administration,5 this phenomenon should not exclude use of amio- darone in digoxin overdosage, as shown by this case.Further work should be undertaken to confirm the usefulness of amiodarone in digoxin overdosage.We believe that its ability to reduce excitability at all levels probably contributed to the survival of this patient, who was discharged fit and well eight days after admission.
Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Robert D. Linton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Atherosclerosis obliterans of the aorta, iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries is probably one of the most common vascular diseases afflicting man. The incidence of this disease is increasing as a result of the lengthening of the human life span, since it is a degenerative disease occurring primarily in the older age group. In some instances it is complicated by diabetes mellitus which tends to produce this condition earlier in life and, as a result, the obliterative process becomes more extensive. For this reason, it is frequently impossible to perform on diabetic patients reconstructive arterial procedures which are so successful in many nondiabetic patients. In recent years, as a result of operations performed directly on arteries with arterial obliterative disease, the condition formerly known as thromboangiitis obliterans, or Buerger's disease, is now believed by some surgeons not to be a distinct clinical entity but to represent a presenile type of
THE ADENYL CYCLASE OE SKIN II. ADENYL CYCLASE LEVELS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: P. D. MIER, E. URSELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article THE ADENYL CYCLASE OE SKIN II. ADENYL CYCLASE LEVELS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS Get access P. D. MIER, P. D. MIER Department of Dermatology (Prof Dr J. W. H. Mali) University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. URSELMANN E. URSELMANN Department of Dermatology (Prof Dr J. W. H. Mali) University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 September 1970, Pages 364–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15717.x Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Accepted: 28 April 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Antigenic profile of human acrosyringium
Authors: J.M. MCGREGOR, J.N.W.N. BARKER, M.H. ALLEN, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The demonstration of HLA-DR on human acrosyringium has led to the suggestion that eccrine epithelium, through its interaction with certain molecules, might play an active role in epidermal immune responses. An immunohistochemical study was undertaken to identify the antigenic profile of acrosyringium in normal skin and following the intradermal administration of a T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Acrosyringium in normal skin, in contrast to interappendageal epidermis, was found to lack CD1a+ Langerhans cells. However, antigens CD36 (OKM5) and L1 (MAC387) were uniquely expressed by keratinocytes immediately adjacent to the distal portion of acrosyringium. Constitutive expression of each class II MHC antigen, namely HLA-DR, DP and DQ was observed on luminal acrosyringial cells. EMB11 antigen (CD68), a mononuclear cell determinant, was similarly expressed on acrosyringial epithelium in normal skin. Following intradermal administration of IFN-gamma, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54) was induced on acrosyringial epithelium and the expression of HLA-DR was intensified. A range of other markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD11b and CD15 were not expressed by acrosyringium either in normal skin or after administration of IFN-gamma. Expression of antigens associated with cell-mediated immune mechanisms on acrosyringium is consistent with the hypothesis that it may have an immunological role in epidermal immune responses.
Hay Fever and Ivy Poisoning.
Authors: E. S. McKee
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Cincinnati, Aug. 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A year ago, while suffering from hay fever, I was poisoned with ivy. Though in the midst of the season the hay fever disappeared immediately on the advent of the ivy poisoning and gave me no further trouble that year. Was this a coincidence or a consequence? If the latter, why? Have any more of your numerous readers made the same observation? Pollantin in hay fever has given me no relief.