tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Productivity of authors in the field of diabetes: bibliographic analysis of trial publications
Authors: Frits Holleman, Mick Uijldert, Lennart F Donswijk, Edwin A M Gale
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether trial publications of glucose lowering drugs are dominated by a small group of highly prolific authors ("supertrialists") and to identify some of their characteristics. <b>Design</b> Bibliographic analysis of trial publications. <b>Data sources and review methods</b> We searched PubMed for all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) relating to glucose lowering drugs published between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2013. From these publications we identified the 110 most prolific authors using PubReMiner. The 991 RCTs they published were examined for various characteristics such as author number, commercial sponsorship, company authorship, conflicts of interest, etc. The track record of the top 11 authors was studied in more detail. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Proportion of articles published by the top 110 and the top 11 authors. <b>Results</b> 3782 articles from 13 592 authors were identified. The top 110 authors were named in 1227 (32.4%) of all articles, and the top 11 authors in 397 (10.5%) of all articles. The top 110 authors published 991 RCTs for a median of 20 (range 4-77) RCTs per author; the top 11 published 354 RCTs for a median of 42 (36-77) RCTs per author. Of the 110 top authors, 48 were employed by a pharmaceutical company. Of the 991 RCTs, 906 were commercially sponsored. Of 704 articles that could be assessed for conflicts of interest, only 42 (6%) were considered fully independent. Medical writing assistance was acknowledged in 439 (44.3%) of 991 RCTs. <b>Conclusion</b> The past two decades have seen an explosive increase in the number of published clinical trials regarding glucose lowering treatment. Some authors have made a disproportionate contribution to the therapeutic evidence base; one third of the RCT evidence base on glucose lowering drug treatment for diabetes was generated by<b> &lt;</b>1% of authors. Of these, 44% were company employees and 56% were academics who work closely with the pharmaceutical companies.
Varenicline‐induced acute liver injury with jaundice
Authors: Helga Mogensen, Einar S. Björnsson
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital of IcelandReykjavikIceland *Address reprint requests to: Einar Björnsson, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. E‐mail: [email protected]; fax: +354 543 4834.
Solitary pulmonary nodule: How accurate are our predictions?
Authors: Juliana Lopes, Ana Machado, Pedro Leuschner, Miguel Ricardo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: To manage patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) one depends critically on estimating its probability of malignancy. This can be accomplished through one of several proposed mathematical models.  Objectives: To analyse clinical and radiological findings that predict the histology of SPN; to validate a previously developed model to estimate the probability of malignancy; and to develop a standard approach to SPN in our centre.  Methods: A retrospective study involving 75 patients with SPN diagnosed at a single centre, between 2010-13. Demographical, clinical and radiological data were assessed, and the patients9 final diagnosis was compared with the probability of malignancy, as predicted by the Mayo Clinic model (MCM). The accuracy of the model was assessed by calculating areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibrated by comparing predicted and observed rates of malignancy.  Results: We found a significantly relation between SPN malignancy and maximum transverse diameter (p= 0,004 for diameter >20 mm) and a positive non-significant association between SPN malignancy and age >65 years, previous history of malignancy, spiculated margins and upper lobe localization. The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0,662 ± 0,068 (IC95%: 0,529 – 0,794).  Conclusions: SPN size was significantly associated with the probability of malignancy. MCM proved sufficiently accurate in predicting SPN malignancy probability. The lack of a standard approach is probably accountable for the observed variability in the chosen strategy. Differences in geographical and institutional prevalence may warrant a specific approach for each setting.
Lymphangitis after tuberculin test
Authors: D Bouros, M Niotis, V Blatsios
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

After Mantoux testing with purified protein derivative (PPD) equivalent to 5 tuberculin units (TU), a 28 yr old man developed extensive erythema, induration and proximal lymphangitis. This is the only such case observed after Mantoux testing in approximately 500,000 subjects during 10 yrs in the Greek Army.
Abstract 13709: Incident Congestive Heart Failure and Common Carotid Artery Diameter: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Joseph F Polak, Allison Meisner, Michael J Pencina, Ramachandran S Vasan, Philip A Wolf, Ralph B D'Agostino
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Common carotid artery (CCA) diameter is believed to be associated with left ventricular (LV) mass through ventricular-arterial coupling. It is not clear if CCA diameter is also predictive of incident congestive heart failure. Materials and Methods: CCA lumen diameters were measured following ultrasound examinations in 2965 individuals free of prevalent cardiovascular disease (mean age 57.9 years; 54.9% women) of the Framingham Offspring Study, a community based cohort followed longitudinally. Incident congestive heart failure (CHF) was determined after an average follow-up of 10.3 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were generated after adjustment for age, gender, and Framingham risk factors. Results: Incident CHF occurred in 99 individuals only 10 of which had interval myocardial infarction. After adjustment for risk factors, CCA diameter was a significant predictor of incident CHF, 43% increased risk per mm. Results of a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model are shown...
Induction of Intestinal Metaplasia in the Stomachs of Rats by N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine2
Authors: Norio Matsukura, Takashi Kawachi, Koji Sasajima, Tomono Sano, Takashi Sugimura, Teruyuki Hirota
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Induction of Intestinal Metaplasia in the Stomachs of Rats by N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine Get access Norio Matsukura, Norio Matsukura 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takashi Kawachi, Takashi Kawachi 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Koji Sasajima, Koji Sasajima 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tomono Sano, Tomono Sano 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takashi Sugimura, Takashi Sugimura 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teruyuki Hirota Teruyuki Hirota 3National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan. 4We thank Dr. Masayuki Itabashi, National Cancer Center Research Institute, for his helpful suggestions. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 141–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.141 Published: 01 July 1978 Article history Received: 31 August 1977 Accepted: 15 February 1978 Published: 01 July 1978
Strengthening the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Stuart Butler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Interleukin-15 Superagonist (IL-15 SA) Significantly Enhances Graft-Versus-Tumor Activity After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Cavan P Bailey, Christopher Sauter, Michelle M Panis, Tulin Budak-Alpdogan, Hing Wong, Neal Flomenberg, Onder Alpdogan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Assessment of an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting the c-RET Proto-Oncogene for Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Minh Nguyen, Shuichi Miyakawa, Junichi Kato, Toshiyuki Mori, Toshimitsu Arai, Mark Armanini, Karen Gelmon, Rinat Yerushalmi, Samuel Leung, Dongxia Gao, Gregory Landes, Mary Haak-Frendscho, Kathleen Elias, Andrew D. Simmons
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The RET proto-oncogene has been implicated in breast cancer, and the studies herein describe the preclinical and safety assessment of an anti-RET antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) being developed for the treatment of breast cancer.RET protein expression was analyzed in breast tumor samples using tissue microarrays. The fully human anti-RET antibody (Y078) was conjugated to the DM1 and DM4 derivatives of the potent cytotoxic agent maytansine using thioether and disulfide linkers, respectively. The resulting compounds, designated Y078-DM1 and Y078-DM4, were evaluated for antitumor activity using human breast cancer cell lines and established tumor xenograft models. A single-dose, 28-day, safety study of Y078-DM1 was performed in cynomolgus monkeys.By immunohistochemistry, RET expression was detected in 57% of tumors (1,596 of 2,800 tumor sections) and was most common in HER2-positive and basal breast cancer subtypes. Potent in vitro cytotoxicity was achieved in human breast cancer cell lines that have expression levels comparable with those observed in breast cancer tissue samples. Dose-response studies in xenograft models demonstrated antitumor activity with both weekly and every-3-weeks dosing regimens. In cynomolgus monkeys, a single injection of Y078-DM1 demonstrated dose-dependent, reversible drug-mediated alterations in blood chemistry with evidence of on-target neuropathy.RET is broadly expressed in breast cancer specimens and thus represents a potential therapeutic target; Y078-DM1 and Y078-DM4 demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models. Optimization of the dosing schedule or an alternate cytotoxic agent with a different mechanism of action may reduce the potential risk of neuropathy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5552-62. ©2015 AACR.
Role of IL-1β in vagal mediated control of respiration
Authors: Nina Aleksandrova, Vladimir Mercuriev, Vjachaslav Aleksandrov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Vagal control of respiration is mediated by the classical Hering-Breuer reflexes. The Hering-Breuer reflexes are easy detected in infants and disturbance in the functioning of vagal pathways may play a role in breathing disorders during the early postnatal period. Central terminations of vagal afferents are found in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). IL-1β receptors are located in the same site of NTS. This suggests involvement of IL-1β in the modulation of vagal control of ventilation during the early postnatal period in infections and inflammations.  Our goal was to study the effects of elevated system level of IL-1β on breathing pattern and the Hering-Breuer reflexes in anaesthetized rats in which these reflexes are also easy detected.  The experiments were performed on tracheostomized rats, which were anaesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane (1000 mg kg -1 ). Recombinant human IL-1β was administered in the jugular vein in an amount of 500 ng dissolved in 1 ml of saline. In the control experiments the same amount of saline solution containing no IL-1β was injected into the vein. Tracheal occlusion was used in order to test the Hering-Breuer reflex. All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the European Community Council Directives 86/609/EEC.  It was obtained that the rise in IL-1β level in blood evokes the increase in minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume and inspiratory swings of intrathoracic pressure. Moreover it was sown that IL-1β enhances Hering-Breuer inspiratory-inhibitory reflex which mediates volume-related feedback in breathing system.  We concluded that IL-1β may disturb vagal control of respiration in infections and inflammations in infants.
Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy (CAF v CAFVP v CMF each +/- MER) for metastatic carcinoma of the breast: a CALGB study. Cancer and Leukemia Group B.
Authors: J Aisner, V Weinberg, M Perloff, R Weiss, M Perry, A Korzun, S Ginsberg, J F Holland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Three combination chemotherapy regimens each with or without the methanol-extracted residue of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (MER) were compared for efficacy. After stratification for disease-free interval and dominant sites of disease, patients were randomized to either CMF (cyclophosphamide [CYC], 100 mg/m2 orally, days 1 through 14; methotrexate [MTX], 40 mg intravenously [IV], days 1 and 8; 5-fluorouracil [5-FU], 500 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8), or CAF (CYC, 100 mg/m2 orally, days 1 through 14; doxorubicin [DOX], 25 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8; 5-FU, 500 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8), or CAFVP (CAF as above plus vincristine [VCR], 1.0 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8; and prednisone [PRED], 40 mg/m2 orally, days 1 through 14). Nonspecific immunotherapy with MER was administered in five sites at 100 micrograms or at the lowest tenfold dilution that produced a 1-cm indurated lesion. A total of 432 patients were entered, but 37 were disqualified, leaving 395 evaluable for treatment results and toxicities. One hundred thirty-five evaluable patients were randomized to chemoimmunotherapy until October 28, 1978. One hundred twenty-six evaluable patients were randomized to chemotherapy alone in the same time period. For the entire study, a total of 260 evaluable patients were randomized to chemotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy patients were compared with the initial 126 chemotherapy patients. Chemotherapy regimens were compared among all 260 patients. Patient characteristics were similar between regimens and between chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy treatment groups. For patients on chemotherapy plus MER, there was no significant differences between the regimens for response frequencies: 43%, 41%, and 32%, respectively for CMF, CAF, and CAFVP. The comparable chemotherapy alone group had 36%, 58%, and 63% response, respectively. The response rates, adjusted for chemotherapy regimen, were 52% and 38% (P = .02) for chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy, respectively. MER was associated with painful ulcers and fevers. Thus, MER produced toxicity without response or survival benefit and further randomization after October 28, 1978 was to chemotherapy alone. For 260 evaluable patients on chemotherapy alone, the complete (CR) and partial responses (PR) were 37%, 55%, and 58%, respectively for CMF, CAF, and CAFVP. These response rates for CAF and CAFVP were significantly better than CMF (P = .01 and P less than .01, respectively). These comparisons were consistent within subgroupings such as dominant sites of disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Treatment of testicular cancer: a new and improved model.
Authors: L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Testicular cancer has become a model for a curable neoplasm. Prior to the advent of cisplatin combination chemotherapy, standard chemotherapy consisted of dactinomycin, alone or in combination with chlorambucil and methotrexate. Disseminated germ cell tumors were chemosensitive to these older regimens, with a 50% objective response rate and a 10% to 20% complete remission rate; however, the cure rate was only 5% to 10%. In 1974, we began our initial cisplatin plus vinblastine plus bleomycin (PVB) chemotherapy. Thirty-three of 47 patients with disseminated germ cell tumors treated from 1974 to 1976 achieved a complete remission (CR), and an additional five (11%) were rendered disease-free with post-PVB resection of teratoma or carcinoma. Twenty-seven (57%) of these patients are continuously disease-free with a minimal follow-up of 13 + years. Thus, cisplatin-based chemotherapy produced a one-log increase in the cure rate compared with dactinomycin. A subsequent phase III study performed from 1976 to 1978 demonstrated that the vinblastine dosage could be reduced 25% from 0.4 mg/kg to 0.3 mg/kg with a reduction in toxicity but without any decrement in therapeutic efficacy. A third-generation PVB study from 1978 to 1981 documented that optimal cure rates were achieved with 12 weeks of induction therapy with PVB and that long-term maintenance therapy with vinblastine was unnecessary. In 1978, we initiated salvage therapy with cisplatin plus etoposide (VP-16) in patients not cured with PVB, and 25% of these patients were subsequently cured with this regimen. This represented the first time an adult solid tumor had been cured with a second-line regimen. In 1983, we began studies with third-line therapy with cisplatin plus ifosfamide combination chemotherapy, and even in this refractory setting, approximately 20% of patients are curable. From 1981 to 1984, we compared cisplatin plus VP-16 plus bleomycin (PVP16B) with PVB as first-line chemotherapy. There was a significant reduction in neuromuscular toxicity favoring the VP-16 arm, and furthermore, 78% of these patients were continuously disease-free compared with 66% with PVB. Approximately 75% of patients with disseminated germ cell tumors will be cured with PVP16B, and an additional 10% are curable with salvage chemotherapy. This represents the highest cure rate in any adult malignancy.
Correlative Analysis of Genetic Alterations and Everolimus Benefit in Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From BOLERO-2
Authors: Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, David Chen, Martine Piccart, Hope S. Rugo, Howard A. Burris, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Mario Campone, Shinzaburo Noguchi, Alejandra T. Perez, Ines Deleu, Mikhail Shtivelband, Norikazu Masuda, Shaker Dakhil, Ian Anderson, Douglas M. Robinson, Wei He, Abhishek Garg, E. Robert McDonald, Hans Bitter, Alan Huang, Tetiana Taran, Thomas Bachelot, Fabienne Lebrun, David Lebwohl, José Baselga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

To explore the genetic landscape of tumors from patients enrolled on the BOLERO-2 trial to identify potential correlations between genetic alterations and efficacy of everolimus treatment. The BOLERO-2 trial has previously demonstrated that the addition of everolimus to exemestane prolonged progression-free survival by more than twofold in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, advanced breast cancer previously treated with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors.Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze genetic status of cancer-related genes in 302 archival tumor specimens from patients representative of the BOLERO-2 study population. Correlations between the most common somatic alterations and degree of chromosomal instability, and treatment effect of everolimus were investigated.Progression-free survival benefit with everolimus was maintained regardless of alteration status of PIK3CA, FGFR1, and CCND1 or the pathways of which they are components. However, quantitative differences in everolimus benefit were observed between patient subgroups defined by the exon-specific mutations in PIK3CA (exon 20 v 9) or by different degrees of chromosomal instability in the tumor tissues.The data from this exploratory analysis suggest that the efficacy of everolimus was largely independent of the most commonly altered genes or pathways in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. The potential impact of chromosomal instabilities and low-frequency genetic alterations on everolimus efficacy warrants further investigation.
Economic Analysis of Ticagrelor Therapy From a U.S. Perspective
Authors: Patricia A. Cowper, Wenqin Pan, Kevin J. Anstrom, Padma Kaul, Lars Wallentin, Linda Davidson-Ray, Elisabet Nikolic, Magnus Janzon, Lars-Åke Levin, Christopher P. Cannon, Robert A. Harrington, Daniel B. Mark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH INSULIN SHOCK
Authors: A. H. Vander Veer, H. H. Reese
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

Results of insulin shock therapy in a series of schizophrenic patients are described, together with the chief complications encountered and their treatment. The variegated clinical symptomatology during treatment is discussed with particular reference to attempts at delimiting different types of shock. The prognosis in individual cases is shown to be related to the type of psychosis and to the duration of symptoms.
Autoradiographic and Histopathologic Studies on the Mode of Action of an Aromatic Retinoid (Ro 10-9359) on Chemically Induced Epithelial Tumors in Swiss Mice
Authors: M. Frigg, J. Torhorst
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The mode of action of an aromatic analogue of retinoic acid, ethyl all-trans-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate (Ro 10-9359), a compound known to possess a considerable prophylactic and therapeutic effect on skin papillomas and carcinomas, was investigated with autoradiographic and histopathologic methods. The ip application of a single dose of 1,000 mg Ro 10-9359/kg to female Swiss mice with chemically induced skin papillomas caused a 29% regression of the mean tumor diameter after 3 days and a 51% regression after 7 days. In the tumors, the number of DNA-synthesizing cells [measured by the labeling index (LI)] and the length of the cell cycle were not affected by the retinoid; thus a mode of action at the level of cell proliferation can be excluded. In the normal skin, an increase in the LI of about 30% was observed. A small effect on the cell loss was observed; however, it was not sufficient to explain quantitatively the regression of the tumors. When measured histometrically, it appeared that the loss of the horn and the formation of necroses, 3-10 times larger than in the placebo groups, were mainly responsible for the tumor regressions caused by the retinoid. After 7 days, the proportion of stroma in the tumors was increased, and dilation of the vessels and edema in the stroma proximal to the necroses were frequent.