tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5567: Short-term pregnancy levels of estradiol delays Her-2 positive mammary tumor development by altering key signaling pathways
Authors: Jacqueline Parada, Arunkumar Arumugam, Stephanie Myers, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Alejandro Delgado, Pamela Agullo, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Approximately 20-30% of all breast cancers overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2). Breast cancers that overexpress Her2 have been associated with a more aggressive phenotype and decreased disease free survival. It has been demonstrated that uniparous Her2/neu transgenic mice developed smaller mammary tumors and these tumors had significantly decreased metastatic potential despite that this cancer type is phenotypically ER negative. We had earlier demonstrated that short-term treatment with pregnancy levels of estradiol was very effective in delaying tumor progression and decreasing tumor burden in activated Her2/neu transgenic mice. In this present investigation, we have attempted to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-tumor effect of short-term pregnancy levels of estradiol treatment against Her2/neu driven mammary carcinogenesis. Seven week old activated Her2/neu transgenic mice were treated for 3 weeks with 100micrograms of estradiol in silastic capsules. We have shown that this dose of estradiol treatment mimics pregnancy levels of the hormone in circulation. Control animals received empty silastic capsules for the same duration. Mice were palpated once every week for nine months to monitor the development of mammary cancer. Histopathological examination was performed to confirm the carcinomatous nature of the palpable tumors. A group (n=3) of mice were terminated from control and estradiol treated groups at 6 and 12 weeks post withdrawal of the treatment. Mammary tumors were excised, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C. Protein and total RNA were extracted from these tissues. Pathway focused microarray analysis was done on the PI3K/AKT and P53 pathway. Results from the PI3K/AKT pathway demonstrate that, in estrogen treated mice, proteins and genes involved in tumor-suppression (Mtcp1,Rbl2,Srf and Ywhah) and immune response (Cd14,Tlr4) (which have been shown to play a role in reducing tumors by induction of apoptosis) were up-regulated. Many genes involved in promoting tumorigenesis were significantly down-regulated (Birc5,Ccnb2,Mdm2) while genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were upregulated (Dapk1, Cul9, Sesn2).This trend in gene expression demonstrates that short-term pregnancy levels estrogen is altering key pathways leading to the delay and inhibition of Her-2 positive mammary cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5567. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5567
Influence of ethnic group on asthma treatment in children in 1990-1: national cross sectional study
Authors: E. Duran-Tauleria, R. J Rona, S. Chinn, P. Burney
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the extent to which the prescription of drugs for asthma adhered to recommended guidelines in 1990-1 and to assess the influence of ethnic group on prescription. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional. <b>Setting</b>: Primary schools in England and Scotland in 1990-1. <b>Subjects</b>: Children aged mainly 5-11 years. The representative samples included 10 628 children. The inner city sample included 7049 children, 4866 (69%) from ethnic minority groups. For the prevalence estimation 14 490 children were included in the analysis (82% of the eligible children). For the treatment analysis a subgroup of 5494 children with respiratory symptoms was selected. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and drugs commonly prescribed for asthma, method of administration, inappropriate treatment, and odds ratios to assess the effect of ethnic group on rate of prescription and method of administration. <b>Results</b>: Children with respiratory symptoms in the inner city sample were less likely to be diagnosed as having asthma. Of children with reported asthma attacks, those in inner city areas had a higher risk of not having been prescribed any drug for asthma (odds ratio 1.87 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 2.77). Overall, 773 (75%) of these children had received a β2 agonist, 259 (25%) had received steroids, 148 (14%) had received sodium cromoglycate, and 194 (19%) had received no drug treatment in the previous year. When prescribed, β2 agonists were inhaled in 534 (69%) of cases, and this percentage was even lower in ethnic minority groups. Children of Afro-Caribbean and Indian subcontinent origin who had asthma were less likely to receive β2 agonists, and those from the Indian subcontinent were less likely to receive anti-inflammatory drugs. Antibiotics were less prescribed and antitussives more prescribed in children from ethnic minority groups than in white children. <b>Conclusion</b>: In 1990-1 the risk of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma was higher in children from ethnic minority groups. The implementation of indicators and targets to monitor inequalities in the treatment of asthma in ethnic groups could improve equity and effectiveness in the NHS. <h3>Key messages</h3> In 1990-1 children with reported asthma attacks were more likely to be prescribed drugs for asthma and to use the appropriate method of administra- tion In 1990-1 children with reported asthma attacks who were from ethnic minority groups were less likely to be prescribed drugs for asthma and to use the appropriate method of administration The implementation of indicators and targets to monitor inequalities in the treatment of asthma in ethnic minority groups would help purchasers and providers to improve equity and effectiveness in the NHS
South East Asia sets up task force to tackle avian flu
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As outbreaks of the H5N1 strain of avian flu continue to occur in Thailand and Indonesia and the death toll has reached 31 people, agriculture ministers of the 10 member Association of South East Asian Nations have agreed to establish a task force to fight the spread of the disease.

The Thai prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, said his government aimed to eradicate avian flu by the end of October, before the onset of winter, but the World Health Organization has dismissed the target as unattainable.

“Although the Vietnamese authorities claim the country has gone 20 days without an outbreak, our view is that in Vietnam and Thailand the virus is there,” said Peter Cordingley, spokesman for the WHO's western Pacific region. “It may be …
987-104 Flexible Annuloplasty Support Preserves Physiological Annular Movement and Non-planar Shape: A 3-Dimenslonal Intraoperative Echocardiographlc Study
Authors: Leonardo Rodriguez, Kim Powell, Shalabh Chandra, William J. Stewart, Miguel Ares, Delos M. Cosgrove, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Safety of Chloroquine in Pregnancy
Authors: Theodore G. Klumpp
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the editorial "The Placental Barrier and Drugs" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:392 [Oct 26] 1964) reference is made to a paper by Hart and Naunton in the October, 1964, issue of the<i>Archives of Otolaryngology</i>(<b>80</b>:407), reporting on the effects in a woman given chloroquine phosphate during four of her seven pregnancies. The editorial alludes to chloroquine as "yet another drug which is apparently toxic to the developing fetus." In the 20-year period that chloroquine has been available, it has been used by an estimated 1 billion people—by the armed forces of the United States, the armed forces of other nations, and the populations in malarious areas, including pregnant women. No report of fetal damage caused by the drug has ever come to our attention, nor have the various agencies concerned with malarial control in endemic areas made any recommendations to withhold antimalarials from pregnant women. The
Development of a functional <i>in vitro</i> assay as a novel tool for the standardization of allergen extracts in the human system
Authors: L. Vogel, D. Lüttkopf, L. Hatahet, D. Haustein, S. Vieths
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Biochemical and immunochemical methods used for batch control of allergen extracts rely on the binding of IgE molecules to allergens. They do not measure the ability of a protein to induce type I allergic reactions. Therefore, a biological assay was established that is based on the cellular mechanisms of allergies in order to assess the cross‐linking capacity of allergens. Methods: Rat basophilic leukaemia cells were transfected with cDNA coding for the human high affinity IgE receptor chains. The surface expression of the IgE‐binding α ‐chain was detected by FACS analysis and the functional integration of the ‘humanized’ receptors into the signal transduction cascade was addressed by intracellular calcium mobilization. Mediator release was measured in response to human IgE and a variety of cross‐linking allergen preparations. Results: Several clones were obtained that were able to bind allergen‐specific human IgE. The results of the biological assay were compared with those obtained by immunochemical methods. The biological assay was used to determine the potency of allergen extracts, including highly diluted products that cannot be analysed by conventional methods. Conclusion: A stable ‘humanized’ basophil cell line was established that will be a useful tool for the standardization and batch control of allergen extracts. Because of its high sensitivity, it can also be used to detect minute quantities of potentially allergenic proteins, e.g. in processed foods. In addition, the test may support the development of novel allergy vaccines, such as recombinant hypoallergenic molecules.
Addendum to: “Dapoxetine for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial in 22 Countries” [Eur Urol 2009;55:957–68]
Authors: Jacques Buvat, Fisseha Tesfaye, Margaret Rothman, David A. Rivas, François Giuliano
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Biopsychosocial Approach: Past, Present, Future
Authors: P. P. Roy-Byrne
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Self-heard Venous Hums
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We describe two patients with symptomatic, self-heard venous hums. The venous hum was secondary to chronic anemia in one patient and was idiopathic in the other. The idiopathic hum was not heard in the neck but could be heard by auscultating the right auditory canal. Ligation of the right internal jugular vein abolished the idiopathic hum, which had been present for 14 years. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1146-1147)
Dermatome Skin Grafts for Burns in Patients Prepared with Dry Dressings and with and without Penicillin
Authors: Stanley M. Levenson, Charles C. Lund, Marion E. Lamb, Alice K. Daly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

SUCCESSFUL skin grafting is necessary for the rehabilitation of the patient with extensive burns of the full thickness of the skin. Among the important factors essential to success are the following. First, the general and nutritional condition of the patient must be sufficiently good so that cells and blood vessels can grow1; second, contact of the graft with the bed of granulations must be maintained2; and third, infection must be controlled, since in the presence of virulent infection grafts do not live.3 Although cellulitis, lymphangitis and other evidences of spreading infection are infrequent under the present modes of . . .
EtOH and the numbers
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I was taught in medical school to refer to ethanol as “EtOH,” both in writing and in conversations that patients might overhear (“Nurse, is there a possibility of EtOH here…?”). I guess the reason for this code was to conceal my diagnosis or concern from patients. Spare them embarrassment. Or spare me the embarrassment of talking about a touchy subject.

Codes aside, we don't do a very good job of recognizing problem drinking in primary care. Alcohol dependence is only one end of the spectrum. More common is chronic …
Clinical and haemodynamic effects of diazoxide in primary pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: M Honey, L Cotter, N Davies, D Denison
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Diazoxide was injected into the pulmonary artery in nine patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. There was no significant change in pulmonary artery pressure, which fell by more than 10 mmHg in only two patients. The pulmonary blood flow increased in all patients as a result of a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance (by 4 to 17 units). Systematic vasuclar resistance also fell as expected in all patients. Oral diazoxide was given to seven patients, two of whom showed sustained clinical improvement while remaining on treatment (400 to 600 mg daily). Five patients were unable to tolerate the drug, because of nausea and sickness (two), peripheral oedema requiring large doses of diuretics (four), diabetes (three), and postural hypotension (one). Hirsutes was troublesome in the two patients remaining on treatment. Diazoxide may be useful in the management of some patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, but its use is limited by the frequency of side effects. Our results suggest that examination of othe potent vasodilators may be worth while.
KATP channels in ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: K. Mubagwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article KATP channels in ischaemic preconditioning Get access Kanigula Mubagwa Kanigula Mubagwa Centre of Experimental Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 929–930, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.929 Published: 01 June 1994
Points: Treatment with nifedipine for malignant hypertension inducing acute reversible renal impairment
Authors: R. Ahmad
Journal: BMJ (1985)

reiterated my comment' on the treatment of cysticercosis with metriphonate and by means of radioimmunotherapy.Some other advances should be mentioned.In addition to praziquantel2-4 the anthelmninthic flubendazole has recently been used in the management of neurocysticercosis, with apparent success.5 Injection of quinine sulphate in distilled water into subcutaneous cysticerci has also been reported to destroy the bladderworms, thus obviating the need for their surgical excision.6
Pressure Control of Sodium Reabsorption and Intercellular Backflux across Proximal Kidney Tubule
Authors: Alain Grandchamp, Emile L. Boulpaep
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The magnitude of changes in luminal hydrostatic pressure (DeltaP(L)), peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure (DeltaP(PT)), and peritubular capillary colloid osmotic pressure (Deltapi) was determined in the Necturus kidney during volume expansion (VE). The specific effects of separate changes of each pressure parameter on proximal net sodium transport (J(Na)) were studied in isolated perfused kidneys. The combined effect of DeltaP(L), DeltaP(PT), and Deltapi, of a magnitude similar to that induced by volume expansion, decreases J(Na) by 26% in the perfused kidney. A major portion of the natriuresis in VE is due to changes in intrarenal pressures. The effect of Deltapi on the permeability characteristics of Necturus proximal tubule was studied. With increasing Deltapi, the ionic conductance of the paracellular shunt pathway decreased, since transepithelial input and specific resistance rose significantly, whereas cellular membrane resistance remained unchanged. Transepithelial permeability coefficients for sodium chloride and raffinose changed inversely proportional to transepithelial resistance, indicating an alteration of a paracellular permeation route. Net passive sodium backflux and active transport flux components were calculated. Increased net sodium transport with rising Deltapi is accompanied by a significant drop in passive back diffusion, without an increment in the active flux component. Change in passive sodium ion back diffusion thus appears to be a key physiological factor in the control of transepithelial sodium transport.
Abstract 5405: Self-emulsifying nanoemulsions target intracranial glioblastoma tumors: <i>In vivo</i> optical imaging and fluorescence microscopy evidences
Authors: Xinli Liu, Hussaini Syed Sha Qhattal, Tanvirul Hye
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: As the most aggressive form of brain tumor, glioblastoma has limited treatment options due to highly invasive nature, the largely impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) and presence of efflux transporters at BBB. We aimed to investigate the ability of self-emulsifying nanoemulsions to delivery BBB-impermeable molecules to the brain of orthotopic U87-luc human glioblastoma xenografts. Methods: Oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing medium-chain triglycerides oil and co-surfactants (polysorbate-80:transcutol 6:4 w/w) were prepared by a spontaneous self-emulsification method. Luciferase transfected U87-luc human glioblastoma cells were injected intracranially as well as subcutaneously to Nu/Nu mice and tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging. Seventeen days after tumor implantation, near infrared dye DiD labeled nanoemulsions and size matched pegylated stealth liposomes were injected intravenously in U87-luc xenografts and the real-time biodistributions of formulations were monitored by whole animal imaging. Results: Nanoemulsions had a mean particle size ∼120 nm with slightly negative charge (-10 mV). It is biocompatible with no hemolysis in vitro. In orthotopic U87-luc xenograft tumor model, intravenous administration of DiD labeled nanoemulsions revealed enhanced accumulation of the nanoemulsions in the brain and subcutaneous tumor at 1-9 hours post injection, comparing to that of the free dye and pegylated liposomes. The brain accumulations of nanoemulsions were persistent till 96 hours. The ex vivo fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that the DiD-nanoemulsions specifically accumuolated at the U87-luc tumor region, not at the surrounding normal brain tissue. In the normal CD-1 mice with intact BBB, the nanoemulsions accumulation in the brain was still significantly higher than the free dye, albeit lower than the brain level achieved in the U87-luc xenografts. The nanoemulsions were non-toxic to both CD-1 and Nu/Nu mice after daily repeated doses for three weeks. Conclusion: Our data indicates that nanoemulsion is a promising nanocarrier to deliver imaging or therapeutic agents for the diagnosis or systemic treatment of GBM. Citation Format: Xinli Liu, Hussaini Syed Sha Qhattal, Tanvirul Hye. Self-emulsifying nanoemulsions target intracranial glioblastoma tumors: In vivo optical imaging and fluorescence microscopy evidences. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5405. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5405
Radiologic Contributions to the Investigation and Prosecution of Cases of Fatal Infant Abuse
Authors: Paul K. Kleinman, Brian D. Blackbourne, Sandy C. Marks, Andrew Karellas, Patricia L. Belanger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract In 1984 we started a two-year program in Worcester (Mass.) and Boston to provide additional radiologic data for the medical investigation of suspected fatal infant abuse. During that period the investigation of 12 cases of unexplained infant death included the review of complete radiographic skeletal surveys by a pediatric radiologist. Autopsies were supplemented with resection, high-detail radiography, and histologic study of all noncranial sites of suspected osseous injury. Thirty-four bony injuries were noted, including 12 acute and 16 healing fractures of the long-bone metaphyses and posterior-rib arcs in patterns indicative of infant abuse. The investigations determined that there were eight cases of abuse, two accidental deaths, and two natural deaths (sudden infant death syndrome). At this writing, the radiologic and osseous histologic studies appear to have influenced the determination of the manner of death in six of the eight cases of abuse and the criminal prosecution in four of the five convictions. These findings suggest that a thorough postmortem radiologic evaluation followed by selected histologic studies can have an impact on the investigation and prosecution of cases of fatal infant abuse. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:507–11.)