tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adalimumab for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: R.G. Pomerantz, M.E. Husni, E. Mody, A.A. Qureshi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Adalimumab for treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum Get access R.G. Pomerantz, R.G. Pomerantz University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Husni, M.E. Husni Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Mody, E. Mody Departments of Rheumatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.A. Qureshi A.A. Qureshi Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. Correspondence: Abrar A. Qureshi. E‐mail: aqureshi@partners.org Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 6, 1 December 2007, Pages 1274–1275, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08212.x Published: 01 December 2007
Continuation of Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: Joseph J Y Sung, James Y W Lau, Jessica Y L Ching, Justin C Y Wu, Yuk T Lee, Philip W Y Chiu, Vincent K S Leung, Vincent W S Wong, Francis K L Chan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: It is uncertain whether aspirin therapy should be continued after endoscopic hemostatic therapy in patients who develop peptic ulcer bleeding while receiving low-dose aspirin. Objective: To test that continuing aspirin therapy with proton-pump inhibitors after endoscopic control of ulcer bleeding was not inferior to stopping aspirin therapy, in terms of recurrent ulcer bleeding in adults with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. Design: A parallel randomized, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial, in which both patients and clinicians were blinded to treatment assignment, was conducted from 2003 to 2006 by using computer-generated numbers in concealed envelopes. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00153725) Setting: A tertiary endoscopy center. Patients: Low-dose aspirin recipients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Intervention: 78 patients received aspirin, 80 mg/d, and 78 received placebo for 8 weeks immediately after endoscopic therapy. All patients received a 72-hour infusion of pantoprazole followed by oral pantoprazole. All patients completed follow-up. Measurements: The primary end point was recurrent ulcer bleeding within 30 days confirmed by endoscopy. Secondary end points were all-cause and specific-cause mortality in 8 weeks. Results: 156 patients were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. Three patients withdrew from the trial before finishing follow-up. Recurrent ulcer bleeding within 30 days was 10.3% in the aspirin group and 5.4% in the placebo group (difference, 4.9 percentage points [95% CI, −3.6 to 13.4 percentage points]). Patients who received aspirin had lower all-cause mortality rates than patients who received placebo (1.3% vs. 12.9%; difference, 11.6 percentage points [CI, 3.7 to 19.5 percentage points]). Patients in the aspirin group had lower mortality rates attributable to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or gastrointestinal complications than patients in the placebo group (1.3% vs. 10.3%; difference, 9 percentage points [CI, 1.7 to 16.3 percentage points]). Limitations: The sample size is relatively small, and only low-dose aspirin, 80 mg, was used. Two patients with recurrent bleeding in the placebo group did not have further endoscopy. Conclusion: Among low-dose aspirin recipients who had peptic ulcer bleeding, continuous aspirin therapy may increase the risk for recurrent bleeding but potentially reduces mortality rates. Larger trials are needed to confirm these findings. Primary Funding Source: Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Cardiovascular Death Risk Linked to Azithromycin Use
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

in place. Before 2011, dialysis firms received roughly the same payment for treatment through either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. They could make more money, however, by administering injectable end-stage renal disease drugs such as erythropoiesisstimulating agents to treat anemia while a patient sat in a center undergoing hemodialysis; such patients typically lose some blood during their thriceweekly treatments, thus requiring more of the agents to maintain similar hemoglobin concentrations as seen in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. But beginning in 2011, Medicare started bundling dialysis payments to cover sessions regardless of the amount of injectable drugs administered. This bundling should tilt the playing field in favor of peritoneal dialysis because this method costs about $20 000 less per year per patient. “It has been easy to make money for a long time with hemodialysis, but now it is getting more difficult,” Blagg said. “There is another benefit; physicians are supposed to talk to patients starting treatment about all the modalities available to them, but it has not happened. It is happening more often now, however, with the new conditions of Medicare coverage.”
Role of microtubules in contractile dysfunction of hypertrophied cardiocytes.
Authors: H Tsutsui, H Tagawa, R L Kent, P L McCollam, K Ishihara, M Nagatsu, G Cooper
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Cardiac hypertrophy in response to systolic pressure overloading frequently results in contractile dysfunction, the cause for which has been unknown. Since, in contrast, the same degree and duration of hypertrophy in response to systolic volume overloading does not result in contractile dysfunction, we postulated that the contractile dysfunction of pressure hypertrophied myocardium might result from a direct effect of stress as opposed to strain loading on an intracellular structure of the hypertrophied cardiocyte. The specific hypothesis tested here is that the microtubule component of the cytoskeleton is such an intracellular structure, which, forming in excess, impedes sarcomere motion. The feline right ventricle was either pressure overloaded by pulmonary artery banding or volume overloaded by atrial septotomy. The quantity of microtubules was estimated from immunoblots and immunofluorescent micrographs, and their mechanical effects were assessed by measuring sarcomere motion during microtubule depolymerization. We show here that stress loading increases the microtubule component of the cardiac muscle cell cytoskeleton; this apparently is responsible for the entirety of the cellular contractile dysfunction seen in our model of pressure-hypertrophied myocardium. No such effects were seen in right ventricular cardiocytes from normal or volume-overloaded cats or in left ventricular cardiocytes from any group of cats. Importantly, the linked microtubule and contractile abnormalities are persistent and thus may be found to have significance for the deterioration of initially compensatory cardiac hypertrophy into the congestive heart failure state.
Household pesticides and risk of pediatric brain tumors.
Authors: J M Pogoda, S Preston-Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

A follow-up to a population-based case-control study of pediatric brain tumors in Los Angeles County, California, involving mothers of 224 cases and 218 controls, investigated the risk of household pesticide use from pregnancy to diagnosis. Risk was significantly elevated for prenatal exposure to flea/tick pesticides -odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-2.6-, particularly among subjects less than 5 years old at diagnosis (OR = 2.5; CI, 1. 2-5.5). Prenatal risk was highest for mothers who prepared, applied, or cleaned up flea/tick products themselves (OR = 2.2; CI, 1.1-4.2; for subjects <5 years of age, OR = 5.4; CI, 1.3-22.3). A significant trend of increased risk with increased exposure was observed for number of pets treated (p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis of types of flea/tick products indicated that sprays/foggers were the only products significantly related to risk (OR =10.8; CI, 1.3-89.1). Elevated risks were not observed for termite or lice treatments, pesticides for nuisance pests, or yard and garden insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, or snail killer. Certain precautions,if ignored, were associated with significant increased risk: evacuating the house after spraying or dusting for pests (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0-2.6), delaying the harvest of food after pesticide treatment (OR = 3.6; CI, 1.0-13.7), and following instructions on pesticide labels (OR = 3. 7;CI, 1.5-9.6). These findings indicate that chemicals used in flea/tick products may increase risk of pediatric brain tumors and suggest that further research be done to pinpoint specific chemicals involved.
A 65-Year-Old Man With an Inguinal Hernia, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In October 1996, Dr George E. Wantz discussed the management of a 65-year-old man with a large right-sided inguinal hernia.<sup>1</sup>Physically active and healthy, he had a left-sided hernia as a child and developed a hernia on the right side in 1961 that grew in size. There were mild symptoms of discomfort after sitting, but no history suggestive of incarceration. Dr Wantz discussed the diagnosis and management of groin hernias, suggesting that the patient would be best served by undergoing repair soon with a tension-free technique. In January 1997, the patient had elective surgery. With the patient under local anesthesia, the surgeon found a direct inguinal hernia and repaired it using a tension-free modified Shouldice technique. <h3>MR K, THE PATIENT</h3> When I had the other hernia repair I was 8.I had to stay in bed for 6 weeks, and I had quite a lot of pain. They used clamps
Switching devices and independence of disabled people
Authors: M P Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An environmental control system is a switching device that allows a disabled person to control many aspects of his or her home environment from a single unit, and the prescription of one may allow people with severe physical disabilities to continue to be independent and to live at home. The most common equipment that can be controlled is a door intercom, telephone, lighting, and domestic appliances such as television, radio, and video recorder. The system can be operated in various ways, from simple hand or foot switches to more complex chin controls, suck- puff controls, and even controls governed by eye movements. Environmental controls can have a major impact on the lives of severely disabled people, not only by enhancing their independence but also by reducing the stress and workload on their carers.

This equipment is currently supplied on prescription, from the Department of …
Incidence of xeroderma pigmentosum in Larkana, Pakistan: a 7-year study
Authors: A.M. Bhutto, A. Shaikh, S. Nonaka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Incidence of xeroderma pigmentosum in Larkana, Pakistan: a 7‐year study Get access A.M. Bhutto, A.M. Bhutto Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine Unit‐II, Chandka Medical College Larkana, Pakistan Dr Abdul Manan Bhutto, Doctors' Colony, Bunglow no. 14, VIP Road, Larkana (Sindh), Pakistan. E‐mail: bhutto_manan@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Shaikh, A. Shaikh Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine Unit‐II, Chandka Medical College Larkana, Pakistan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Nonaka S. Nonaka Department of Dermatology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 3, 1 March 2005, Pages 545–551, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06311.x Published: 01 March 2005 Article history Accepted: 16 May 2004 Published: 01 March 2005
Rapid Serologic Testing with Immune-Complex-Dissociated HIV p24 Antigen for Early Detection of HIV Infection in Neonates
Authors: Steven A. Miles, Erin Balden, Larry Magpantay, LeAnn Wei, Alison Leiblein, David Hofheinz, Gary Toedter, E. Richard Stiehm, Yvonne Bryson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Serologic detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in neonates is complicated by the presence of immune complexes, consisting of passively transferred maternal antibodies and HIV antigens. A new, rapid assay has been designed to disrupt these immune complexes in order to permit the detection of a specific HIV antigen. We evaluated the efficacy of this assay in detecting HIV infection in neonates.
Principles of Obstetrics
Authors: Lionel J. Schewitz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The wise and gifted teacher-physician earns our gratitude by undertaking the gargantuan task of recording his ideas and experience. Professor Hibbard has undertaken this task, but, unfortunately, his book is so flawed that it strengthens the belief that specialties as broad as obstetrics are better served by multiauthored textbooks in this information-laden age. Ideas and practices from across the Atlantic Ocean often show a sensible practicality, but so many variations from American standards of practice are advocated in this textbook that the novice obstetrician in the United States should beware of it. Some examples of numerous controversial statements and omissions follow. In a list of indications for "antenatal cardiotocography," postmaturity is not included (p 132). In fact, there is no index heading for postmaturity at all. This subject is dealt with, in passing, under "failing placental function" (pp 439 and 440), but no practical guidelines are given, and the importance
Isoenzyme profiles of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the diabetic heart: comparison with hereditary and catecholamine cardiomyopathies
Authors: Y. Awaji, H. Hashimoto, Y. Matsui, K. Kawaguchi, K. Okumura, T. Ito, T. Satake
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to investigate the redistribution of isoenzymes, clinically important markers of myocardial necrosis, in the diabetic heart and compare it with that investigated in other types of cardiomyopathies.Myocardial isoenzyme activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured in animals with diabetic, hereditary, and catecholamine cardiomyopathies.Diabetic rats (4 and 8 weeks after intravenous streptozotocin, n = 21), Bio 14.6 hamsters (30, 90, 160 and 240 days old, n = 29), and rats injected with isoprenaline (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 3 weeks, n = 20) were used. Controls were age matched intact animals (n = 8-11).Total CK and CK MM activity decreased in all groups. CK MB and BB decreased by 62 and 52% in diabetic rats, but increased by 40 and 33% in Bio hamsters and by 9 and 96% in isoprenaline treated rats. Thus the CK-B subunit decreased by 61% in diabetics and increased by 33 and 38% in Bio and isoprenaline groups, while the CK-M subunit decreased in all groups. Mitochondrial CK decreased in diabetic and isoprenaline groups. Total LD activity increased in diabetics and decreased in Bio. LD-H subunit increased by 21% in diabetics and decreased by 19 and 18% in Bio and isoprenaline groups. Accordingly the proportion of LD-M subunit, an index of anaerobic metabolism, decreased in diabetics and increased in Bio and isoprenaline groups. Changes in CK-M and CK-B subunits and the LD-M proportion in diabetic heart were normalised by insulin. Total AST activity decreased in diabetics because of the reduction in mitochondrial AST.Increased LD-M proportion and CK-B observed in Bio and isoprenaline groups may be a metabolic "compensation" to decreased myocardial perfusion and substrate. Decreased LD-M proportion and CK-B in the diabetic heart was insulin dependent and may indicate either lack of "compensation" to myocardial ischaemia or absence of ischaemia per se. Decreased myocardial CK and CK MB activity possibly causes underestimation of enzymatically assessed infarct size in the diabetic heart.
Clotrimazole Troches vs Oral Nystatin for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Authors: Thomas Sharpton
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Nov 13 issue, Gombert et al<sup>1</sup>imply that clotrimazole troches should be used as the drug of choice in preventing oropharyngeal candidiasis. They did not mention, however, two other forms of prophylaxis that are less expensive than nystatin oral solution. Nystatin vaginal suppositories (30 tablets for $5) have been used for years in the same manner as clotrimazole troches and are much less expensive (35 clotrimazole tablets cost $14). Recently, nystatin pastilles have become available (30 tablets for $15); they reportedly lack the bitter taste of the solution or suppository forms of nystatin. More important is the 15% incidence of abnormal results on liver function studies reported by the manufacturer in the 1987<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i>(an incidence that I can confirm in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who use clotrimazole). I would like to know how often the authors monitored levels of hepatic
785 FIRST-PHASE HCV-RNA KINETIC DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: CLINICAL AND VIROLOGICAL CORRELATES AND PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR TREATMENT OUTCOME
Authors: E. Durante-Mangoni, R. Zampino, C. Caianiello, D. Pinto, L.E. Adinolfi, R. Utili, G. Ruggiero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Pathology of Pneumonia
Authors: J. F. Gaskell
Journal: BMJ (1927)

that his purpose was to submit the results of certain expeliments which had occupied himii during the last seven years and had yielded, as he thought, certain facts wlhich could be legitimately applied to man.They showed that the titre of the infecting organism was all- importanit, and that this determined both whether a lesion would be produced at all and what the nature of that lesion would be.An attack of lobar pneumonia in the healthy adult was due to organisms of titres between 5 and 7, w'hich were otherwise comparatively rare.The deduction might be made that it was spread by direct contact, infection passinig from throat to throat, though very possibly inter- mediate carriers were often conoerned.
Recent progress in understanding cholesterol crystal nucleation as a precursor to human gallstone formation
Authors: Thomas R. Holzbach
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals is an essential antecedent to gallstone formation.It is now generally agreed that nucleation occurs at a much more rapid rate in gallbladder bile from patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis (abnormals) than it does in gallbladder bile from normal subjects (normals) (1-3).Indeed, this difference in nucleation time or rate of de m u o crystal formation has been shown to permit the clearest feasible delineation of normals from abnormals compared to all other available biochemical or physical criteria (4).There are two possible ways to look at this phenomenon and begin to probe further.One route is to conclude that the prolonged nucleation time found in normal bile represents the key aberration, i.e., a discrepancy in contradiction of thermodynamic principles, and therefore a phenomenon rationalizing the presence of additional compositional factors(s) (1).Another and contrasting view is to regard the consistently greater rapidity of nucleation in abnormals as the significant disturbance.This view also leads to the postulate of an additional distinctly separate compositional factorb) having instead a different (indeed, opposing) functional property than the first.Although one might prefer simplicity and economy of hypotheses, evidence now at hand indicates that a choice between contrasting alternatives need not necessarily be made.Rather, it now appears that both of the putative nucleating factors ("inhibiting" and "promoting") do indeed exist and that their effects can be
Energy deficit in Huntington disease: why it matters
Authors: Fanny Mochel, Ronald G. Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with complete penetrance. Although the understanding of the cellular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration in HD and account for the characteristic pattern of neuronal vulnerability is incomplete, defects in energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial function, represent a common thread in studies of HD pathogenesis in humans and animal models. Here we review the clinical, biochemical, and molecular evidence of an energy deficit in HD and discuss the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial and related alterations.
Appropriate Emergency Care
Authors: Stuart A. George
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As chief of surgery of a moderately-sized (50,000+ members), urban health maintenance organization (HMO), I would like to respond to the letter from Dr Richard F. Kunkle.<sup>1</sup>Our policy as an HMO, clearly stated to all community emergency rooms, is that in life-threatening emergencies we expect that emergency care will be rendered irrespective of the patient's HMO affiliation, insurance coverage, or method of payment. Our policy is similarly stated to our patients. The reverse side of the plastic identification card issued to all members states in boldfaced type: "Life Threatening Emergencies: Call your local rescue unit or go to the nearest emergency room. Notify FHP within 48 hours to ensure payment for emergency expenses. ATTENTION PROVIDER: FHP will cover the cost of emergency care required to prevent death or disability for eligible members. Please provide necessary care and notify FHP immediately to verify membership and obtain
Back to basics: medical staffing in general hospitals
Authors: E R Williams, L P Harvey, G Ingrams, P E Robin, J G Temple
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There is a major crisis in medical staffing in hospitals in Britain and this is influencing other aspects of health care delivery. Before the new deal on junior doctors' hours the conventional pattern of staffing was the firm, usually of two consultants, a senior registrar or a registrar, a senior house officer, and one or two preregistration house officers. A one in two rota was often expected for resident junior staff. It was not unusual for registrars to be non-resident when on call, and even in major teaching hospitals the on call resident staff were sometimes surprisingly junior. Cross cover between firms was often unacceptable or discouraged.

* “Overriding service needs have, therefore been met by the proliferation of unusual non-consultant posts.”

The 1960s and early 1970s were characterised by this basic pattern of staffing spreading to all specialties with an enormous rise in senior house officer numbers but with a continued resistance to cross cover. As most of the senior house officers were destined for a career in general practice this did not always result in a high level of specialist junior skills. While junior doctors could be exploited by the service demands of a one in two rota, this was an effective way of providing 24 hour medical care and did result in continuity. It was, however, clearly socially and morally unacceptable and put service needs before training requirements. The statutory reduction in junior doctors' hours is a cogent factor in implementing profound change in the pattern of delivery of health care.

Central and regional manpower committees tried to limit the uncontrolled growth of doctors in non-consultant grades but were faced with lack of funds and the expansion of senior house officers to meet service needs or …