tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis carinii attachment to cultured lung cells by pneumocystis gp 120, a fibronectin binding protein.
Authors: S T Pottratz, J Paulsrud, J S Smith, W J Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Pneumocystis carinii is an extracellular organism which is thought to require attachment to alveolar epithelial cells for its growth and replication in humans. Fibronectin (Fn) binding to P. carinii is essential for optimal P. carinii attachment. This study demonstrates that gp120, a 110-120-kD membrane glycoprotein on P. carinii, mediates attachment of the organism to cultured lung cells and is the site of Fn binding to P. carinii. A 51Cr-labeled P. carinii binding assay was used to quantify attachment of the organism to the alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Addition of free gp120, purified from whole P. carinii organisms, caused a significant decrease in attachment of P. carinii to A549 cells from 44.2 +/- 5.5% to 22.4 +/- 4.2% (P less than 0.01). Preincubation of the P. carinii organisms with a polyclonal antibody to gp120 also resulted in a marked decrease in P. carinii attachment to A549 cells from 46.8% +/- 5.2% to 21.3 +/- 4.8% (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, addition of free gp120 to P. carinii organisms caused a significant reduction in specific binding of 125I-Fn to P. carinii (from 83.3 +/- 8.5 ng to 47.1 +/- 5.9 ng, P less than 0.01). Similarly, anti-gp 120 antibody decreased specific Fn binding to P. carinii from 74.3 +/- 8.4 ng to 25.5 +/- 5.3 ng (P less than 0.001). Solubilized P. carinii organisms separated by gel electrophoresis and blotted with 125I-Fn demonstrated specific binding of the 125I-Fn to gp120. In addition, a specific anti-beta 1-integrin antiserum reacted with gp120 by Western blot, suggesting structural homology between gp120 and the beta-subunit of integrins. Thus, the data suggest that the P. carinii membrane glycoprotein gp120 functions as a Fn binding protein and is required for optimal P. carinii attachment to alveolar epithelial cells.
Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Childbearing Women
Authors: Rodney Hoff, Victor P. Berardi, Barbara J. Weiblen, Laurene Mahoney-Trout, Marvin L. Mitchell, George F. Grady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Attempts to predict the course of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been hampered by the lack of an objective, practical way to estimate the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the general population. Testing for the prevalence of HIV infection in women should be a sensitive means to track the epidemic and to study the potential for perinatal transmission. Antibodies in maternal blood are contained in neonatal blood specimens routinely collected on absorbent paper for other purposes, such as screening for phenylketonuria; we therefore tested for HIV antibody in these specimens. Analysis of batches of individually blinded specimens from selected hospitals protected the anonymity of the mothers and babies and was cost efficient. Using the newborn's blood as an indicator of the mother's serologic status, we concluded that 1 of every 476 women (2.1 per 1000) giving birth in Massachusetts was positive for HIV antibody by immunofluorescence assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, both confirmed by immunoblot (Western blot) testing. The prevalence of HIV infection varied according to the type and location of the maternity hospitals; rates of seropositivity were highest in inner-city hospitals (8.0 per 1000), lower in mixed urban and suburban hospitals (2.5 per 1000), and lowest in suburban and rural hospitals (0.9 per 1000). This method is useful for collecting data needed to plan and evaluate prevention strategies and to predict the health care resources that will be needed to care for women and children who contract AIDS. Because other states have newborn screening programs similar to the Massachusetts program, this approach can be used for national surveillance of AIDS in women. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:525–30.)
American Psychiatric Association clarifies its position on human rights
Authors: Steven S Sharfstein
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Justo underscores the key principles on which the American Medical Association and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) have based their position statements on physicians' participation in the integration of detainees.1 As immediate past president of the APA, I would like to elaborate on the rationale for the APA's position that would preclude psychiatrists from being part of the behavioural science consultation teams.

In …
Sleep Evaluation by Actigraphy for Patients With Alzheimer Disease—Reply
Authors: Yo-El S. Ju, David M. Holtzman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Increased levels of the soluble adhesion molecule E‐selectin in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and thromboembolic complications
Authors: Caterina Musolino, Andrea Alonci, Alessandro Allegra, Giovanna Spatari, Giacomo Bellomo, Orazio Tringali, Cristina Quartarone, Giovanni Squadrito, Melchiorre Quartarone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMD) show a high frequency of thrombosis. For this reason we evaluated endothelial cell markers, soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin (sELAM), and thrombomodulin (TM) in 25 patients with CMD. Among them nine presented thromboses in their past history. Data were compared with those obtained in a group of healthy subjects and a group of patients with secondary thrombocytosis. The mean plasma concentrations of sELAM were elevated in patients with CMD, as compared with healthy subjects (81.27 +/- 42.8 ng/ml vs. 41.75 +/- 13; P < 0.02). Similarly, the mean plasma concentrations of sTM were increased in CMD patients in comparison with the control group (102.0 +/- 73 ng/ml vs. 16.7 +/- 9.6; P < 0.01). More markedly elevated sELAM levels were observed in CMD patients with thrombosis than in patients without thrombosis (113.16 +/- 29.5 ng/ml vs. 55.11 +/- 19.1 ng/ml; P < 0.001), while no significant difference was found between CMD patients without thrombosis and secondary thrombocytosis (50.72 +/- 10.8 ng/ml). Plasma thrombomodulin values in CMD patients with thrombosis (131 +/- 93.8 ng/ml) were higher than those without thrombosis (65.77 +/- 43.9 ng/ml; P < 0.02). sTM values were also significantly increased in patients with secondary thrombocytosis (P < 0.01). It is speculated that the plasma, sELAM levels may reflect endothelium activation and that it is possibly useful in predicting the thrombotic risk in myeloproliferative disorders.
THE ENZYMES OF FIBRINOUS EXUDATES—THE EFFECT OF ONE ENZYME UPON ANOTHER
Authors: Bertha I. Barker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1908)

By a study of the enzymes contained in fibrinous exudates produced by injection of a sterile inflammatory irritant (turpentine) conditions have been found in which each of two enzymes occurs alone. The one, leucoprotease, digests in the presence of alkali; the other, resembling lymphoprotease, digests in the presence of acid, yet both exhibit almost maximum activity in an approximately neutral medium. It is probable that both enzymes, in the body, exert their greatest activity in an approximately neutral medium, slight changes in reaction increasing digestion by the one, and suspending digestion by the other. The enzyme digesting in acid, present in the fibrinous exudate obtained after a single injection of turpentine, disappears when repeated injection of the same irritant transforms the sero-fibrinous into a purulent exudate, and causes accumulation of leucoprotease in great quantity.
Dark-adaptation Studies in Skin Disease
Authors: A. Porter, E. W. Godding
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The syndrome may be produced by toxic damage of the liver cells, resulting in chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, or the toxin may cause inflammation or thrombosis of the portal vein, resulting in narrowing or occlusion; the most likely position would be in the smaller radicles.The obstruction and possible damage to the portal vein may also be responsible for the low serum protein, through failure to absorb part of that ingested from a diet already protein-deficient. TreatmentIn three cases special treatment was tried: two were given a concentrated preparation of vitamin B1 without success; one case appeared to improve remarkably during administration of glycocoll, but relapsed when the treatment was stopped.In all the others only general supportive treatment with rest and a full diet was tried, with some improvement in a few of them.In a small number of cases seen after this series had been treated dried yeast was administered in doses of 6 or 8 dr. a day with striking results: all improved, and two cases were apparently cured in a few weeks.The explanation of this result is uncertain.It may have been due to the vitamin B complex, in which yeast is rich, or to replacement of protein, of which yeast contains over 40°'. SummaryCases of hepatitis of unknown aetiology are described.It is possible that they are caused by a dietary deficiency, permitting easy damage of the gastric or duodenal mucous membrane, which becomes infected; the toxin absorbed from this focus damages liver cells or the portal vein, or-both, -resulting in phlebitis and finally cirrhosis, causing obstruction and partial failure to absorb a particular food constituent from a diet already deficient in that respect.We would like to thank the Hon.
Biochemical Markers in Lymphoid Malignancy
Authors: Julie Blatt, Gregory Reaman, David G. Poplack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

HISTORICALLY, the classification of lymphoid cancer has been based on morphologic assessment with the light microscope. The observation that lymphoid cells can be categorized according to immunologic cell-surface markers has provided an additional, more refined approach to the classification of these diseases. Recently, a number of enzyme abnormalities have been described in malignant lymphoid cells. A survey of this work suggests that characterization of these enzymes may provide a valuable tool for further definition of subsets of leukemia and lymphoma. In addition to conventional clinical and laboratory data, a biochemical profile may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of . . .
The effect of microneedles on the skin permeability and antitumor activity of topical 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Youssef W. Naguib, Amit Kumar, Zhengrong Cui
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. However, 5-FU suffers from poor skin permeation. Microneedles have been successfully applied to improve the skin permeability of small and large molecules, and even nanoparticles, by creating micron-sized pores in the stratum corneum layer of the skin. In this report, the feasibility of using microneedles to increase the skin permeability of 5-FU was tested. Using full thickness mouse skin mounted on Franz diffusion apparatus, it was shown that the flux of 5-FU through the skin was increased by up to 4.5-fold when the skin was pretreated with microneedles (500 µm in length, 50 µm in base diameter). In a mouse model with B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells implanted in the subcutaneous space, the antitumor activity of a commercially available 5-FU topical cream (5%) was significantly enhanced when the cream was applied on a skin area that was pretreated with microneedles, as compared to when the cream was simply applied on a skin area, underneath which the tumor cells were implanted, and without pretreatment of the skin with microneedles. Fluorouracil is not approved for melanoma therapy, but the clinical efficacy of topical 5-FU against tumors such as basal cell carcinoma may be improved by integrating microneedle technology into the therapy.
THE MEDICAL HISTORY OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS,AND THE PART TAKEN BY THE MEDICAL PROFESSION IN THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. Read by the Author before the Section on General Medicine of the First Pan-American Medical Congress, Washington, D. C., Sept. 7, 1893.
Authors: A. M. FERNANDEZ DE YBARRA
Journal: JAMA (1894)

[Published simultaneously in the Spanish language.] <i>"Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas."</i>—ARISTOTLE. One of the most important events in the history of humanity, and perhaps second only to the birth of Christ in beneficial results, is without any species of doubt the discovery of America by the Spaniards under the leadership of Christopher Columbus. A number of times willing and unwilling visitors certainly did come before that date from the Old World to the New. In the fifth century of the Christian era, a few Buddhist missionary priests came, either directly from China to a country which they called Fusang, and known to us now as Mexico, or they first, and most probably, settled in Japan and afterwards crossed from there to the Pacific coast of America; the voyages of the Northmen in the tenth and eleventh centuries, the traditional narratives of which tell us of the deeds of the
726 GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIES GENETIC VARIANTS IN THE HLA-DP LOCUS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: K. Matsuura, Y. Tanaka, N. Nishida, S. Hige, Y. Asahina, K. Ito, F. Sugauchi, K. Tokunaga, M. Mizokami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Epidemiologic evidence of a relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness and exposure to polluted air
Authors: A.‐S. Jang, C.‐H. Yeum, M.‐H. Son
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: There has been an increase in allergic diseases as a result of increased air pollution emanating from traffic and various industries. Objective: This study evaluated the association between air pollution and airway hyperresponsiveness in a cross‐sectional study of a cohort of 670 children, aged 10–13 years. Methods: We measured spirometry and conducted allergic skin tests and methacholine challenge tests in 670 schoolchildren. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV 1 (PC 20 ) was used as the threshold of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Thresholds of 16 mg/dl or less were assumed to indicate AHR. Results: All of the schoolchildren had normal pulmonary function. Of the children, 257 (38.3%) had AHR. There was a significant increase in AHR in schoolchildren living near a chemical factory [45.0% (138/306), 6.50 ± 0.48] compared to those in rural [31.9% (52/163), 9.84 ± 0.83] and coastal [33.3% (67/201), 7.17 ± 0.68] areas. Atopy was significantly more prevalent near the chemical factory vs the coastal and rural areas [35.6% (109/306) vs 27.3% (55/201) and 23.3% (38/163), respectively, P &lt; 0.007]. Schoolchildren with atopy had lower PC 20 than those without atopy (5.98 ± 0.60 vs 8.15 ± 0.45, P &lt; 0.001). Positive allergy skin tests and living in a polluted area were risk factors in multivariate analyses adjusted for sex, parents’ smoking habits, age, body mass index, nose symptoms and lung symptoms (odds ratio for location = 2.4875, confidence interval 1.6542–3.7406, P &lt; 0.000; odds ratio for allergy skin test = 1.5782, confidence interval 1.1130–2.2379, P &lt; 0.0104). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that more children living in polluted areas have airway hyperresponsiveness than do those living in less polluted areas.
Three cases of illness during a drug trial in healthy volunteers.
Authors: E J Fazackerley, N P Randall, B J Pleuvry
Journal: BMJ (1987)

During a double blind, randomized drug trial involving healthy, paid volunteers, three of the subjects developed an illness compatible with a diagnosis of serum sickness or of a viral illness. The double blind code was broken, the trial suspended, and an investigation begun, even though no other reactions had been reported from other trial centers. After the investigation revealed that a communicable viral infection was the probable cause of the illnesses, the trial was resumed and completed without ill effect. The authors conclude that healthy volunteers who become sick during a drug trial should be investigated by an informed physician not involved in the trial and that investigators must maintain a high index of suspicion for untoward effects.
DNA Testing, Banking, and Genetic Privacy
Authors: Patricia A. Roche, George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with George Annas on DNA testing and privacy protection. (07:39)Download "Who am I?" has always been a fundamental philosophical question that may require decades of reflection to answer. With the advent of DNA analysis, there is a growing public impression that the answer may be found in our genes. Various Internet sites offer descriptions of our ancestral history on the basis of our DNA, as well as testing for specific "disease genes" or general profiles that are used to recommend lifestyle changes, such as foods to be eaten or avoided. Researchers have even suggested that although the scientific evidence is speculative and at best probabilistic, many people will want to . . .
Diet and Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Rowan T. Chlebowski, George L. Blackburn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibiotic prophylaxis of endocarditis: the rest of the world and NICE
Authors: John B Chambers, David Shanson, Roger Hall, John Pepper, Graham Venn, Mark McGurk
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

Previous guidelines1,2 recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for the majority of patients with congenital and heart valve disease. Almost all current national or international guidelines, including those from the USA,3,4 Europe5 and Australia,6,7 have narrowed these recommendations radically, but still recommend prophylaxis for certain dental procedures in high-risk cardiac patients (Table 1). NICE8 is alone in recommending no antibiotic prophylaxis for any cardiac patients undergoing dental or non-dental procedures except for manipulations at an infected non-dental site. Most cardiologists and cardiac surgeons still follow international guidelines rather than NICE. Is this justified?
Psychologists' firm was paid $81m to implement CIA's "enhanced interrogation" program
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A company formed by two psychologists who helped develop and implement the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) interrogation program that subjected terrorism suspects to psychological and physical abuse, sleep deprivation, waterboarding, and other torture techniques received $81m (£51.5m; €65.1m) for its services, an investigation by the US Senate Select Intelligence Committee has found.

A 524 page summary of the committee investigators’ 6700 page classified report was released on 9 December and alleged that the CIA program, launched after the September 11 terrorist attacks, was far more brutal than previously disclosed but had yielded little in the way of valuable intelligence.1

The two psychologists, who were given the pseudonyms Grayson Swigert and Hammond Dunbar in the heavily redacted summary, have been identified in press reports as James Elmer …
Decrease of microRNA-122 causes hepatic insulin resistance by inducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which is reversed by licorice flavonoid
Authors: Yoon Mee Yang, So Yeon Seo, Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibits hepatic insulin signaling by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS). MicroRNAs may modulate metabolic functions. In view of the lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PTP1B and its chemical inhibitors, this study investigated whether dysregulation of specific microRNA causes PTP1B-mediated hepatic insulin resistance, and if so, what the underlying basis is. In high-fat-diet-fed mice or hepatocyte models with insulin resistance, the expression of microRNA-122 (miR-122), the most abundant microRNA in the liver, was substantially down-regulated among those predicted to interact with the 3'-untranslated region of PTP1B messenger RNA (mRNA). Experiments using miR-122 mimic and its inhibitor indicated that miR-122 repression caused PTP1B induction. Overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) resulted in miR-122 down-regulation with the induction of PTP1B. A dominant-negative mutant of JNK1 had the opposite effect. JNK1 facilitated inactivating phosphorylation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) responsible for miR-122 expression, as verified by the lack of HNF4α binding to the gene promoter. The regulatory role of JNK1 in PTP1B induction by a decrease in miR-122 level was strengthened by cell-based assays using isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin (components in Glycyrrhizae radix) as functional JNK inhibitors; JNK inhibition enabled cells to restore IR and IRS1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin signaling against tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prevented PTP1B induction. Moreover, treatment with each of the agents increased miR-122 levels and abrogated hepatic insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet, causing a glucose-lowering effect.Decreased levels of miR-122 as a consequence of HNF4α phosphorylation by JNK1 lead to hepatic insulin resistance through PTP1B induction, which may be overcome by chemical inhibition of JNK.