tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting Platelets in Acute Experimental Stroke
Authors: Christoph Kleinschnitz, Miroslava Pozgajova, Mirko Pham, Martin Bendszus, Bernhard Nieswandt, Guido Stoll
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Ischemic stroke is a frequent and serious disease with limited treatment options. Platelets can adhere to hypoxic cerebral endothelial cells by binding of their glycoprotein (GP) Ib receptor to von Willebrand factor. Exposure of subendothelial matrix proteins further facilitates firm attachment of platelets to the vessel wall by binding of collagen to their GPVI receptor. In the present study, we addressed the pathogenic role of GPIb, GPVI, and the aggregation receptor GPIIb/IIIa in experimental stroke in mice. Methods and Results— Complete blockade of GPIbα was achieved by intravenous injection of 100 μg Fab fragments of the monoclonal antibody p0p/B to mice undergoing 1 hour of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. At 24 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, cerebral infarct volumes were assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In mice treated with anti-GPIbα Fab 1 hour before middle cerebral artery occlusion, ischemic lesions were reduced to ≈40% compared with controls (28.5±12.7 versus 73.9±17.4 mm 3 , respectively; P &lt;0.001). Application of anti-GPIbα Fab 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion likewise reduced brain infarct volumes (24.5±7.7 mm 3 ; P &lt;0.001) and improved the neurological status. Similarly, depletion of GPVI significantly diminished the infarct volume but to a lesser extent (49.4±19.1 mm 3 ; P &lt;0.05). Importantly, the disruption of early steps of platelet activation was not accompanied by an increase in bleeding complications as revealed by serial magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast, blockade of the final common pathway of platelet aggregation with anti-GPIIb/IIIa F(ab) 2 fragments had no positive effect on stroke size and functional outcome but increased the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions— Our data indicate that the selective blockade of key signaling pathways of platelet adhesion and aggregation has a different impact on stroke outcome and bleeding complications. Inhibition of early steps of platelet adhesion to the ischemic endothelium and the subendothelial matrix may offer a novel and safe treatment strategy in acute stroke.
“Nodoventricular” accessory pathway: Evidence for a distinct accessory atrioventricular pathway with atrioventricular node-like properties
Authors: George J Klein, Gerard M Guiraudon, Charles R Kerr, Arjun D Sharma, Raymond Yee, Tibor Szabo, John A.Yeung Lai Wah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Periodic paralysis complicating thyrotoxicosis in Chinese.
Authors: A. J. McFadzean, R. Yeung
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In Europe and the United States of America periodic paralysis would appear to be a rare complication of thyrotoxicosis.In contrast, in Japan this complication has been reported to occur in some 2% of all thyrotoxic patients, consequently 90% of the case reports in the literature have come-from Japan (Engel, 1961).Before the investigation which is the subject of this communication was made it was apparent to us that periodic paralysis also commonly complicated thyrotoxicosis in the Chinese, yet, strangely, this had not been reported in the literature.Indeed, up to the present there has been but one report of its occurrence in a Chinese in Taiwan (Chen, Hung, and Lin, 1965).
Comparison of Hemorrhagic Complications of Warfarin and Clopidogrel Bisulfate in 25-Gauge Vitrectomy versus a Control Group
Authors: John O. Mason, Shelly R. Gupta, Christopher J. Compton, Paul A. Frederick, Michael G. Neimkin, Mark L. Hill, Mila J. Heersink, Rachel S. Vail, Milton F. White, Richard M. Feist, Martin L. Thomley, Michael A. Albert
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Dialysis for Psoriasis
Authors: T. J. Buselmeier
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the communication by Halevy et al (241:2144, 1979) wherein reference was made to our work and that of others relative to the effect of dialysis on psoriasis.<sup>1,2</sup> The authors' notation that improvement occurs in most or at least some patients receiving dialysis therapy, that there are relatively few if any notable harmful side effects, and that there may be fluctuations in the degree of response (especially associated with stressful events) all appear to be important. Whether the "psychosomatic effect of the invasive procedure may be a major factor" remains in the area of conjecture, however. Our experience and communication with others throughout the world would confirm the authors' impressions. We would add that peritoneal dialysis appears to have the edge on hemodialysis, although there have been long-standing remissions both after hemodialysis and even after a cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation procedure associated with a
Distribution, conjugation, and excretion of labeled aldosterone in congestive heart failure and in controls with normal circulation: development and testing of a model with an analog computer.
Authors: R A Cheville, J A Luetscher, E W Hancock, A J Dowdy, G W Nokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The distribution and clearance of aldosterone from plasma determine the fraction of secreted hormone reaching sites where the cellular actions of the hormone occur. Tait, Tait, Little, and Laumas (1) described the disappearance of aldosterone from plasma of normal man in terms of a two compartment system. Davis, Olichney, Brown, and Binnion (2) showed that the volumes of distribution and rates of clearance of aldosterone are reduced in dogs with experimental heart failure and low cardiac output. Our findings indicate that marked alterations in distribution and clearance of aldosterone are present in patients with congestive failure. Tait, Little, Tait, and Flood (3) estimated the mean plasma concentration of aldosterone in human plasma from the secretion rate and the plasma clearance rate. Ayers and his colleagues (4) and Tait and associates (5) showed that hepatic clearance of aldosterone is subnormal in dogs or in man in congestive failure (4). Camargo, Dowdy, Hancock, and Luetscher (6) demonstrated that reduced hepatic clearance and extraction of aldosterone may contribute to an increased concentration in plasma of patients with heart failure. The liver extracts aldosterone from plasma and returns conjugates and metabolites to plasma, in
THE EFFECT OF GUM SHELLAC SOLUTION ON THE SURFACE TENSION OF RABBIT SERUM
Authors: J. M. Hayman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Following the intravenous injection of a gum shellac solution which alters the peripheral blood picture there is an increase in the time-drop of the diluted serum. This is believed to indicate changes in the physicochemical state of the plasma. This gum shellac solution behaves as a surface-active substance; its effect on the surface tension of serum is hindered by the du Noüy phenomenon of adsorption on serum molecules.
THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD AND OF EPITHELIAL ATROPHY ON THE MANIFESTATIONS OF SACCHARO-BUTYRIC INTESTINAL PUTREFACTION.
Authors: C. A. HERTER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>THE RESULTS OBTAINED.</h3> These results indicate that the human intestine may contain spore-forming bacteria capable of splitting olive oil to a very large extent. In the case of the human material employed for inoculation, it is reasonable to suppose that the spore-forming putrefactive bacteria were responsible for the high degree of fat-splitting observed. This fact is the more noteworthy, as previous observers have found that the human feces in twenty-four hours split the fat from butter or milk to a considerably less extent (8 to 12 per cent. in experiments by Fr. Müller). It has been supposed by some writers that the high degree of fat-splitting observed in the human intestine, despite the exclusion of the pancreatic juice and the bile, may be in part referable to a vicarious secretion of pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine. In view of the results above reported, this explanation appears to me quite
Medical Insects and Arachnids
Authors: Leonard E. Munstermann
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The impact of insects on human health is easily overlooked in an era of medicine that emphasizes curative drugs and preventive vaccines. Unfortunately, particularly in the tropics, many of the disease agents transmitted by arthropo are neither easily curable nor preventable. The Lane and Crosskey text, with its splendid maps and drawings, tables of diseases and insect vectors, and tightly edited discourse, forcibly reminds us of the diversity and deadliness of the insect/ arachnid contribution to human suffering. The editors' interests in systematics are made clear from the beginning. The first chapter emphasizes systematic terminology and philosophy, where we find somewhat preachy discourses on the significance of the<i>International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</i>and the best methods for preparing and labeling specimens for museum storage (the role of insects as disease vectors finally appears on page 19). The second chapter outlines the evolution and distinguishing features of arthropods, followed
Effect of Chlordiazepoxide on Epileptic Seizures
Authors: C. Wesley Watson, Reinette Bowker, Claire Calish
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Chlordiazepoxide is highly effective in reducing the frequency of epileptic seizures, regardless of their form or predisposing cause. Given continuously over a median period of 25 months, in daily dosage of 30 mg, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride resulted in sustained reduction in frequency or cessation of seizures in 21 of 28 patients with seizures of various form and cause. Before receiving chlordiazepoxide, 24 patients had received two or more antiseizure drugs without adequate seizure control. In therapeutically effective dosage, chlordiazepoxide produced no serious side effects.
ORTHO-IODOXYBENZOIC ACID IN INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
Authors: Millard Smith
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —The recent paper of Stein and Taube on ortho-iodoxybenzoic acid in the treatment of infectious arthritis (The Journal, May 19, p. 1608) is in such striking disagreement with the results reported by Young and Youmans, and at least ten other observers, including myself, that a few words of comment seem desirable. This drug has been accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry on the basis, in part, of these favorable reports, and it is therefore important that the discrepancy should be explained if possible.  This unfavorable report is not without value for it indicates the futility of repeated use of the drug in patients who are unsuitable subjects for its action, and in whom it might be employed because of the many favorable reports on its action which may be found in the literature. I have a paper in process of publication reporting on sixty-five additional
Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity
Authors: M. P. Winthereik, L. Lundberg, J. V. Spärck, T. Katzenstein, D. Sompolinsky
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Development of eosinophilia was studied in four strains of guinea pigs (gp), selectively bred for either high or low respiratory anaphylactic reactivity. One high‐asthma strain (IMM/S 209) and one low‐asthma strain (IMM/R 203) developed spontaneous high blood eosinophilia. The 2 other gp strains ‐ one high‐asthma strain (IMM/S 740) and one low‐asthma strain (IMM/R 201–16) – maintained normal low levels of eosinophilic granulocytes (eos). The levels of eos in various tissues showed similar differences between the gp strains. Following immunization with ovalbumin/Al(OH) 3 the levels of blood eos increased significantly only in gp of strain 209. The blood eos levels in gp of all 4 strains decreased significantly following immunization with ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA).
Oral bisphosphonate use in the elderly is not associated with acute kidney injury
Authors: Andrew W.Y. Shih, Matthew A. Weir, Kristin K. Clemens, Zhan Yao, Tara Gomes, Muhammad M. Mamdani, David N. Juurlink, Amanda Hird, Anthony Hodsman, Chirag R. Parikh, Ron Wald, Suzanne M. Cadarette, Amit X. Garg
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
The <i>in Vitro</i> Estrogenic Activities of Polyfluorinated Iodine Alkanes
Authors: Chang Wang, Thanh Wang, Wei Liu, Ting Ruan, Qunfang Zhou, Jiyan Liu, Aiqian Zhang, Bin Zhao, Guibin Jiang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Polyfluorinated iodine alkanes (PFIs) are important intermediates in the synthesis of organic fluoride products. Recently, PFIs have been detected in fluoropolymers as residual raw materials, as well as in the ambient environment.High production volumes and potential environmental releases of PFIs might become a concern, but the exposure risk and toxicity of these chemicals are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential estrogenic effects of PFIs.We studied the estrogenic effects of fluorinated iodine alkanes (FIAs), fluorinated telomer iodides (FTIs), and fluorinated diiodine alkanes (FDIAs) using the E-screen and MVLN assays and the evaluation of estrogen-responsive genes in MCF-7 cells.FIAs have an iodine atom at one end of the perfluorinated carbon chain. 1-Iodoperfluorohexane (PFHxI) and 1-iodoperfluorooctane (PFOI) promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, induced luciferase activity in MVLN cells, and up-regulated the expression of TFF1 and EGR3. In these assays, other FIAs gave negative responses. FDIAs have an iodine atom at each end of the perfluorinated carbon chain, and all the FDIAs showed estrogenic effects. The estrogenic potencies of FIAs and FDIAs correlate well with the carbon chain length of the chemicals. The optimum chain length for estrogenic effects is six carbons, and then eight and four carbons. All FTIs have a single iodine atom at the end of a partially fluorinated carbon chain. None of the FTIs showed estrogenic effects in the tests.The estrogenic effects of PFIs are dependent on the structural features of iodine substitution and chain length. This research will be helpful in further understanding the estrogenic effects of perfluorinated compounds.
Metabolic Response to Fasting Exercise in Adolescent Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects Treated with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Intensive Conventional Therapy
Authors: Alicia Schiffrin, Sagar Parikh, Errol B Marliss, Micheline M Desrosiers
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The metabolic effects of moderate exercise in the fasting state were examined in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or intensive conventional therapy (ICT). Six patients received their usual afternoon dose the evening before the study and six received their usual infusion rate during exercise. Insulin was injected subcutaneously in the abdominal wall. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer for 45 min at 50% maximum oxygen consumption. Resting plasma glucose values during both CSII (114 ± 18 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.02) and ICT (136 ± 30 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.01) were higher than normal (77 ± 11 mg/dl). Diabetic patients receiving CSII showed a sharp decrease in glycemia after 45 min of exercise (77 ± 18 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.02). In contrast, in patients receiving ICT and in control subjects plasma glucose did not change during exercise or recovery. Insulin levels decreased significantly during exercise in the control subjects while there was no change in plasma free insulin levels during exercise in the diabetic subjects. Profiles of intermediary metabolites in response to exercise were similar in all groups with no significant differences in resting values between diabetic subjects and controls. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion provides near-normoglycemia in the insulin-dependent diabetic adolescent. However, with the basal insulin infusion rate necessary to achieve near-normal fasting blood glucose levels, moderate exercise in the postabsorptive state may result in hypoglycemia with CSII.
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure with Glucagon
Authors: Nord Hj, Fontanes Al, Williams Jf
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The effectiveness of glucagon, 5 mg, subcutaneously, every 4 hr or 1 or 4 mg/hr by intravenous infusion, in the treatment of congestive heart failure was determined in 18 patients. Duration of therapy was 96 hr in 11 patients and 4 to 84 hr in the rest. Seven patients improved during glucagon administration whereas eight were unaffected and three became worse. The most favorable response occurred in patients suffering their first episode of heart failure. Only one of four patients with heart failure previously unresponsive to vigorous therapeutic measures improved. With the exception of the three patients in this latter group, all who did not improve with glucagon subsequently responded well to digitalis, diuretics, or both. Nausea and vomiting occurred in the majority and necessitated discontinuing glucagon treatment in five. Glucagon appears to have limited usefulness in the treatment of most patients with congestive heart failure.
P968 COMPARISON OF CHEMOEMBOLIZATION AND HEPATIC RESECTION FOR LARGE SOLITARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS
Authors: Y.B. Lee, D.H. Lee, Y. Cho, S.J. Yu, J.-H. Lee, J.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Lee, H.-C. Kim, N.-J. Yi, K.-W. Lee, K.-S. Suh, J.W. Chung, Y.J. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Cell-free nucleic acids as non-invasive biomarkers of gynecological disorders, fetal aneuploidy and constitutional maternal chromosomal mosaicism: Figure 1
Authors: Tianjiao Chu, Suveyda Yeniterzi, Svetlana A Yatsenko, Mary Dunkel, Aleksandar Rajkovic, W Allen Hogge, David G Peters
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)
Oxidative stress, Nrf2 and keratin up-regulation associate with Mallory-Denk body formation in mouse erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: Amika Singla, David S. Moons, Natasha T. Snider, Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker, Bernadene V. Jayasundera, Bishr M. Omary
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are hepatocyte inclusions commonly seen in steatohepatitis. They are induced in mice by feeding 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) for 12 weeks, which also causes porphyrin accumulation. Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is caused by mutations in ferrochelatase (fch), and a fraction of EPP patients develop liver disease that is phenocopied in Fech(m1Pas) mutant (fch/fch) mice, which have an inactivating fch mutation. fch/fch mice develop spontaneous MDBs, but the molecular factors involved in their formation and whether they relate to DDC-induced MDBs are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that fch mutation creates a molecular milieu that mimics experimental drug-induced MDBs. In 13- and 20-week-old fch/fch mice, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bile acids were increased. The 13-week-old fch/fch mice did not develop histologically evident MDBs but manifested biochemical alterations required for MDB formation, including increased transglutaminase-2 and keratin overexpression, with a greater keratin 8 (K8)-to-keratin 18 (K18) ratio, which are critical for drug-induced MDB formation. In 20-week-old fch/fch mice, spontaneous MDBs were readily detected histologically and biochemically. Short-term (3-week) DDC feeding markedly induced MDB formation in 20-week-old fch/fch mice. Under basal conditions, old fch/fch mice had significant alterations in mitochondrial oxidative-stress markers, including increased protein oxidation, decreased proteasomal activity, reduced adenosine triphosphate content, and Nrf2 (redox sensitive transcription factor) up-regulation. Nrf2 knockdown in HepG2 cells down-regulated K8, but not K18.Fch/fch mice develop age-associated spontaneous MDBs, with a marked propensity for rapid MDB formation upon exposure to DDC, and therefore provide a genetic model for MDB formation. Inclusion formation in the fch/fch mice involves oxidative stress which, together with Nrf2-mediated increase in K8, promotes MDB formation.
Angiotensin II overcomes strain-dependent resistance of rapid CKD progression in a new remnant kidney mouse model
Authors: Asada Leelahavanichkul, Qin Yan, Xuzhen Hu, Christoph Eisner, Yuning Huang, Richard Chen, Diane Mizel, Hua Zhou, Elizabeth C. Wright, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Jürgen Schnermann, Peter S.T. Yuen, Robert A. Star
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Neuroscience and the explanation of psychological phenomena
Authors: Antti Revonsuo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Explanatory problems in the philosophy of neuroscience are not well captured by the division between the radical and the trivial neuron doctrines. The actual problem is, instead, whether mechanistic biological explanations across different levels of description can be extended to account for psychological phenomena. According to cognitive neuroscience, some neural levels of description at least are essential for the explanation of psychological phenomena, whereas, in traditional cognitive science, psychological explanations are completely independent of the neural levels of description. The challenge for cognitive neuroscience is to discover the levels of description appropriate for the neural explanation of psychological phenomena.
p53 Status in Stromal Fibroblasts Modulates Tumor Growth in an SDF1-Dependent Manner
Authors: Yoseph Addadi, Neta Moskovits, Dorit Granot, Guillermina Lozano, Yaron Carmi, Ron N. Apte, Michal Neeman, Moshe Oren
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor exerts a variety of cell-autonomous effects that are aimed to thwart tumor development. In addition, however, there is growing evidence for cell nonautonomous tumor suppressor effects of p53. In the present study, we investigated the impact of stromal p53 on tumor growth. Specifically, we found that ablation of p53 in fibroblasts enabled them to promote more efficiently the growth of tumors initiated by PC3 prostate cancer-derived cells. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the increased expression of the chemokine SDF-1 in the p53-deficient fibroblasts. Notably, fibroblasts harboring mutant p53 protein were more effective than p53-null fibroblasts in promoting tumor growth. The presence of either p53-null or p53-mutant fibroblasts led also to a markedly elevated rate of metastatic spread of the PC3 tumors. These findings implicate p53 in a cell nonautonomous tumor suppressor role within stromal fibroblasts, through suppressing the production of tumor stimulatory factors by these cells. Moreover, expression of mutant p53 by tumor stroma fibroblasts might exert a gain of function effect, further accelerating tumor development. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9650–8. ©2010 AACR.
Neonatal Hepatitis and Biliary Atresia Associated with Trisomy 17–18 Syndrome
Authors: Laurence I. Alpert, Lotte Strauss, Kurt Hirschhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Among 19 autopsied cases of 17–18 trisomy syndrome, 10 confirmed by cytogenetic studies, nine diagnosed on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, seven cases of neonatal hepatitis were found, including two cases of biliary atresia. Liveborn infants had early onset of icterus, with elevated total and conjugated serum bilirubin concentrations. All had intrahepatic cholestasis and variable combinations of hepatocellular and portal-tract involvement. Giant-cell transformation was present in two infants. Focal obliteration of bile ducts, secondary to cholangitis, was frequent, and may have been the cause of extrahepatic biliary atresia in two cases. The nature of the association between this chromosomal aberration and hepatobiliary disease is unclear. The possible role of virus has not been sufficiently explored.