tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End of static decade for coronary heart disease?
Authors: G C Somerville
Journal: BMJ (1984)

high priority.Your correspondents observe that the prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma in African AIDS is lower than in homosexual patients.The same is true when one compares AIDS in American heterosexuals and children with that in homo- sexuals.I 0 My final point is more general.Kaposi's sarcoma was described in Africa as early as 1934,"1 and its high incidence is well docu- mented.' 2 It is a poor reflection on the out- look of Western medicine that it took an out- break of a relatively small number of cases in American homosexuals for anyone to take any notice.The AIDS epidemic is yet another illustration of the importance of the study of geographical medicine.With their historical connections in central Africa, the workers from the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp are in a unique position to carry out important investigations.We should wish them well, and await their findings with interest.
Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in east Asians
Authors: Wanqing Wen, Yoon-Shin Cho, Wei Zheng, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Norihiro Kato, Lu Qi, Chien-Hsiun Chen, Ryan J Delahanty, Yukinori Okada, Yasuharu Tabara, Dongfeng Gu, Dingliang Zhu, Christopher A Haiman, Zengnan Mo, Yu-Tang Gao, Seang-Mei Saw, Min-Jin Go, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Li-Ching Chang, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Jun Liang, Mei Hao, Loïc Le Marchand, Yi Zhang, Yanling Hu, Tien-Yin Wong, Jirong Long, Bok-Ghee Han, Michiaki Kubo, Ken Yamamoto, Mei-Hsin Su, Tetsuro Miki, Brian E Henderson, Huaidong Song, Aihua Tan, Jiang He, Daniel P-K Ng, Qiuyin Cai, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Naoharu Iwai, Gary K Chen, Jiajun Shi, Jianfeng Xu, Xueling Sim, Yong-Bing Xiang, Shiro Maeda, Rick T H Ong, Chun Li, Yusuke Nakamura, Tin Aung, Naoyuki Kamatani, Jian-Jun Liu, Wei Lu, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Mark Seielstad, Cathy S J Fann, Jer-Yuarn Wu, Jong-Young Lee, Frank B Hu, Toshihiro Tanaka, E Shyong Tai, Xiao-Ou Shu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
A UNIVERSAL INDICATOR FOR HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION
Authors: Emil Bogen
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A single solution that will give a continuous change of color with changes in hydrogen ion concentration over nearly the entire range, from strongly acid to strongly alkaline solutions, may serve a multitude of purposes in the clinical and scientific laboratory. Such a mixture, suggested by Moirs of South Africa in 1917, is marketed by the British Drug House. Great accuracy must not be expected from such an indicator, although differences of<i>p</i><sub>H</sub>as low as 0.2 may be distinguished; but for rough approximations or as preliminaries to more exact determinations, it may be found of great value. The following mixture has also been developed for this purpose, as it has a range from<i>p</i><sub>H</sub>1.0 to<i>p</i><sub>H</sub>10.0, with a continuous change of color with change in hydrogen ion concentration: phenolphthalein, 100 mg.; methyl red, 200 mg.; dimethylaminoazobenzene, 300 mg.; bromthymol blue, 400 mg.; thymol blue
The Miracle of the Eye
Authors: Ralph E. Yodaiken
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

On Being a Doctor15 December 1993The Miracle of the EyeRalph E. Yodaiken, MD, MPHRalph E. Yodaiken, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Light strikes the retina, activating photoreceptor rods and cones. Immediately, impulses discharge through a myriad of bipolar and ganglion cells, along fibers that gather in bundles of optic nerves and stream like two converging rivers to the chiasma, spreading from there to junctions beneath the brain. Here at the geniculate body, colors are sortedblues, reds, and greens. From these junctions nerve fibers course to the visual cortex at the back of the brain for processing shape and formflowers, grass, sky. The need for action blends with stored experience, the interpretive melding almost instantaneously. Move forward to smell, smile, proceed with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ralph E. Yodaiken, MD, MPHAffiliations: Corresponding Author: Ralph E. Yodaiken, MD, MPH, 7100 Oak Forest Lane, Bethesda, MD 20817. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 12Page: 1214-1215KeywordsBrainCellsCorneaFearFirearm injuriesHispanic peopleRetinaRiversSkullVision ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Unusual complication of tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: D Chatelain
Journal: Gut (2004)

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) represents a particularly difficult clinical challenge.It is a rare and highly morbid syndrome characterised by impaired gastrointestinal propulsion together with symptoms and signs of bowel obstruction in the absence of any lesions occluding the gut lumen.CIP can be classified as either ''secondary'' to a wide array of recognised pathological conditions or ''idiopathic'' (CIIP).This review will focus on CIIP, and specifically on the underlying pathological abnormalities.Combined clinical and histopathological studies are needed to highlight new perspectives in the understanding and management of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. . . . . . . . . .
Rationale for Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Judith Favier, Peter Igaz, Nelly Burnichon, Laurence Amar, Rossella Libé, Cécile Badoual, Frédérique Tissier, Jérôme Bertherat, Pierre-François Plouin, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
TCT-762 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Single Center Comparison between Medtronic CoreValve and Edward SAPIEN Bioprostheses
Authors: Eyal Ben-Assa, Yigal Abramowitz, Arie Steinvil, Eran Leshem-Rubinow, Ofer Havakuk, Maayan Konigstein, Yaron Arbel, Amir Halkin, Gad Keren, Shmuel Banai, Ariel Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Elizabeth Weir Hopkins (née Hall)
Authors: Angela Scott
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant histopathologist and cytopathologist Royal United Hospital, Bath (b 1929; q Royal Free Hospital 1954; MRCPath, FRCPath), died from a heart attack on 9 December 2005.



Figure 1



Elizabeth started in pathology at Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow. She then became a registrar at the West Middlesex Hospital, Isleworth, and the Royal Free Hospital. During that time she went to Ibadan, Nigeria, to study pathology. She became a consultant in 1965 at the Royal United Hospital, Bath, retiring in 1994. She started and developed the gynaecological cytology service. She leaves a husband, Leslie, and two stepsons and their families.
A deeper integration of Selfish Goal Theory and modern evolutionary psychology
Authors: Daniel Conroy-Beam, David M. Buss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Conceptually integrating Selfish Goal Theory with modern evolutionary psychology amplifies theoretical power. Inconsistency, a key principle of Selfish Goal Theory, illustrates this insight. Conflicting goals of seeking sexual variety and successful mate retention furnish one example. Siblings have evolved goals to cooperate and compete, a second example. Integrating Selfish Goal Theory with evolutionary theory can explain much inconsistent goal-directed behavior.
Cancer Statistics, 2007
Authors: A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, T. Murray, J. Xu, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Each year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report considers incidence data through 2003 and mortality data through 2004. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,444,920 new cancer cases and 559,650 deaths for cancers are projected to occur in the United States in 2007. Notable trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates include stabilization of the age-standardized, delay-adjusted incidence rates for all cancers combined in men from 1995 through 2003; a continuing increase in the incidence rate by 0.3% per year in women; and a 13.6% total decrease in age-standardized cancer death rates among men and women combined between 1991 and 2004. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. While the absolute number of cancer deaths decreased for the second consecutive year in the United States (by more than 3,000 from 2003 to 2004) and much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
Susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection is influenced by sequence differences in immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes
Authors: Susanne Ziegler, Marianne Ruhl, Hannelore Tenckhoff, Manfred Wiese, Falko M. Heinemann, Peter A. Horn, Ulrich Spengler, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Jacob Nattermann, Jörg Timm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abnormalities of Left Ventricular Contraction Induced by Beta Adrenergic Blockade
Authors: RICHARD H. HELFANT, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

To understand better the hemodynamic effects caused by propranolol, its effect on the geometry of left ventricular contraction was studied in ten subjects, four with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and six without demonstrable heart disease. Heart rate was controlled in four subjects with right atrial pacing. After 5 mg of intravenous propranolol, there were decreases in heart rate and cardiac index in most subjects with a variable effect on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased in the majority of instances with a reduction in both volume ejected and per cent circumferential fiber shortening of the left ventricle. Furthermore, after propranolol the left ventricle assumed a more elongated shape. Propranolol either induced or exaggerated asynergy in five subjects, three of whom had coronary heart disease. These changes provide a morphologic basis for some of the cardiac hemodynamic effects of propranolol.
TCT- 124 Distal Embolization of Hydrophilic Coating Material from Coronary Guide Wires after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Maik J. Grundeken, Xiaofei Li, C.E. Kurpershoek, Miranda Kramer, Aryan Vink, Jan Piek, Jan G. Tijssen, Karel T. Koch, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Robbert J. de Winter, Allard C. van der Wal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Overview of herbicide mechanisms of action.
Authors: S O Duke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Commercial herbicides exhibit many different mechanisms of action. Several enzymes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids are sites of action for herbicides. A large number of different herbicide classes inhibit photosynthesis by binding to the quinone-binding protein, D-1, to prevent photosynthetic electron transfer. Several different types of herbicides apparently cause accumulation of photodynamic porphyrins by inhibiting protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Bipyridyliums and heteropentalenes cause the production of superoxide radicals by energy diversion from photosystem I of photosynthesis. Lipid synthesis is the site of action of a broad array of herbicides used in controlling monocot weeds. Herbicides of several classes apparently act by inhibiting mitosis through direct interaction with tubulin. Several other molecular sites of herbicide action are known. Despite a growing body of knowledge, the exact molecular sites of action of many herbicides are unknown. Some herbicides are known to have more than one site of action. Virtually all knowledge of herbicide structure-activity relationships is semiempirical. In addition to site of action structure-activity relationships, herbicide structure and chemical properties also strongly influence absorption, translocation, bioactivation, and environmental stability. Considering how little is known about all the potential sites of herbicide action, it is unlikely that during the next decade more than a relatively small number of site-specific herbicide structure-activity relationships will be developed.
JAMA's editor stresses authors' need to disclose financial ties
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The editor of JAMA , the Journal of the American Medical Association, has said that the journal would continue its efforts, begun in 1985, to make readers aware of the financial ties of authors.

In an editorial published online ahead of print on 8 August, JAMA 's editor, Catherine DeAngelis, states, “Peer-reviewed medical journals must always place the interests of patients above all else” (http://www.jama-assn.org/, doi:10.1001/jama.296.8.jed60051).

“I think it's very important now. At least in the United States, the vast majority of clinical research is paid for by drug companies. There's nothing wrong with that. Somebody's got to pay for research,” Dr DeAngelis told the BMJ …
Grading of cellular rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Mark Hudson, Andrew K. Burroughs, Richard Morris, Keith Rolles, Peter Amlot, Peter J. Scheuer, Amar P. Dhillon
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

All 684 post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) liver biopsies performed at the Royal Free Hospital (RFH) between 1988 and 1993, from 120 patients, were reviewed in order to try to define the relative importance of the histological features of immunosuppression-responsive cellular rejection. Twenty histological features considered to be possible contributors to the diagnosis of cellular rejection were documented in a binary (present/absent) fashion. These features in 106 biopsy specimens obtained 1 to 8 days after OLT were analyzed using stepwise logistic discriminant analysis. All clinical and treatment records were reviewed, and each biopsy specimen was assigned to a diagnostic category depending on these records and follow-up information. Important determinants of the histological diagnosis of cellular rejection (which occurred in 84 of the 106 cases) were moderate/severe mixed portal inflammation, eosinophils, endotheliitis, and bile duct damage. When these all occurred together, the odds of rejection increased 3.6-fold. The original histological diagnosis was recorded, and each biopsy specimen showing cellular rejection was regarded according to the specific criteria of Snover et al., Demetris et al., and a novel RFH scoring system. The latter consists of evaluating portal inflammation, endotheliitis, eosinophils, and bile duct damage, each on a 0 to 3 scale (none, mild, moderate, or severe, respectively) and summation. The resulting cellular rejection score thus can range from 0 to 12. The agreement between the different scoring systems was analyzed using K statistics, and there was good concordance (K, 0.64 to 0.78), despite different histological criteria being used to derive each score. Each system showed a similar degree of sensitivity (87% to 96%). The specificity ranged from 59% to 77%. We conclude that the histological diagnosis of cellular rejection relies mainly on the previously described features of mixed portal inflammation, endotheliitis, eosinophils, and duct damage. There is scope for unification and simplification of the existing grading systems, which depend on differing criteria, and we suggest one such scheme.
Adenovirus-Mediated Erythropoietin Production by Airway Epithelia Is Enhanced by Apical Localization of the Coxsackie–Adenovirus Receptor in Vivo
Authors: Benjamin Davis, Jenny Nguyen, David Stoltz, Dayna Depping, Katherine J.D. Excoffon, Joseph Zabner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

In well-differentiated human airway epithelia, the coxsackie B and adenovirus types 2 and 5 receptor (CAR) resides on the basolateral membrane. Replacing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail of CAR with a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI-CAR) allows apical localization of GPI-CAR, where it can bind adenovirus and enhance gene transfer in vitro. To test this hypothesis further and to investigate requirements and barriers we developed an in vivo model that quantitatively assesses gene transfer of erythropoietin (EPO) to mouse airway epithelia. Our data suggest that erythropoietin is secreted basolaterally, allowing possible access to the bloodstream. The data also suggest that basolateral adenovirus-mediated airway epithelia EPO secretion persists for long periods and could be used to study persistence in vivo. Additionally, the increase in hematocrit in response to the increased serum EPO could be used for therapeutic purposes. Finally, we tested the ability of apically localized CAR to enhance the infection of AdEPO in mouse airway epithelia in vivo. The data suggest that apical receptors in airway epithelia may be sufficient to improve adenovirus infection of airway epithelia in vivo.
Condylomata acuminata and risk of cancer: an epidemiological study.
Authors: B Sigurgeirsson, B Lindelof, G Eklund
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine whether patients with condylomata acuminata have an increased risk of developing cancer.Prospective cohort study on patients diagnosed as having condylomata acuminata. The number of malignant tumours in the cohort was compared with national incidences obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry.Dermatology department of the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.3260 patients (2549 males and 711 females, median (range) age 23 (1-80) years) seen during 1969-84, with a mean follow up of 7.8 years.Number of malignant tumours observed in the cohort during the study period and expected number from national incidence.There were 27 malignancies in the study group. There was no significant increase genital cancer in females compared with the national incidence. Only one patient had invasive cervical cancer (relative risk = 1.8; 95% confidence interval 0 to 10.1). Seventeen women had cervical carcinoma in situ (1.5; 0.9 to 2.5) compared with an expected number of 11.5; this increase was not significant. For males 22 cancers were observed at all sites (1.6; 1.0 to 2.5). The number of genitourinary cancers observed in males was almost three times higher than expected (2.6; 1.2 to 5.0).The results indicate that the risk of developing cervical carcinoma in situ or invasive cervical cancer after a genital human papillomavirus infection is less than previously thought. The implications of increase in the genitourinary malignancies in males are uncertain.
Letters to the editor: the new order
Authors: L. Crossan, T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Letters are important to us. They often provide more penetrating critiques of articles than any form of prepublication peer review.1 If the publication of a scientific article resembles an appearance in court then the letters columns is where the jury of peers records its verdict. Imagine our regret therefore that we have the space to publish only a third of the letters we receive—and those five to six months after the articles to which they refer. Put another way, many of the carefully crafted responses we receive, and the insights they contain, end up in the bin. …
How Many “Me-Too” Drugs Is Too Many?
Authors: Joshua J. Gagne
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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Meeting Report: Threats to Human Health and Environmental Sustainability in the Pacific Basin
Authors: Robert G. Arnold, David O. Carpenter, Donald Kirk, David Koh, Margaret-Ann Armour, Mariano Cebrian, Luis Cifuentes, Mahmood Khwaja, Bo Ling, Irma Makalinao, César Paz-y-Miño, Genandrialine Peralta, Rajendra Prasad, Kirpal Singh, Peter Sly, Chiharu Tohyama, Alistair Woodward, Baoshan Zheng, Todd Maiden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The coastal zone of the Pacific Rim is home for about one-third of the world's population. Disproportionate growth of Far Eastern economies has produced a disproportionate share of related environmental difficulties. As the region searches for acceptable compromises between growth and environmental quality, its influence on global environmental health is certain to increase. Consequences of global environmental change such as habitat alteration, storms, and sea level rise will be particularly acute among Pacific Rim nations. Adverse health effects from arsenic exposure in Pacific Rim nations have been used to justify drinking water standards in the United States and elsewhere. As global manufacturing in the Pacific Rim increases, the centroid of global air quality and waste management issues will shift further toward Far Eastern nations. The Eleventh International Conference of the Pacific Basin Consortium (PBC) was held in September 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The purpose of the conference was to bring together individuals to discuss regional challenges to sustainable growth. The historic emphasis of the conference on hazardous wastes in relation to human health makes the PBC an ideal forum for discussing technical aspects of sustainable economic growth in the Pacific region. That role is reflected in the 2005 PBC conference themes, which included management of arsenic in potable waters, air quality, climate change, pesticides, mercury, and electronics industry waste-each with emphasis on relationships to human health. Arsenic management exemplifies the manner in which the PBC can focus interdisciplinary discussion in a single technical area. The conference program provided talks on arsenic toxicology, treatment technologies, management of arsenic-bearing residuals from water treatment, and the probable societal costs and benefits of arsenic management.