tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Guillaume Manin, George Calcaianu, Adeline Pons, Carmen Iamandi, François Moreau, Laurence Kessler, Romain Kessler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The association of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and type 2 diabetes has largely been described. On the other hand only few reports have assessed the relationship between type 1 diabetes and sleep related disorders.

Methods: We present a single centre, prospective cross sectional study of 67 consecutive type 1 diabetic patients in whom we performed a polysomnography as part of their yearly check-up. Patients (age 54 ± 10 yrs; 60% male; BMI 25.8 ± 5 kg/m2) were followed-up for 29 ± 14 yrs for type 1 diabetes. All were on insulin therapy (insulin dose 42 ± 30 U/day; HbA1C 7.3 ± 1%). Results: Prevalence of OSA defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 10/h was 46% and prevalence of severe OSA (AHI > 30/h) reached 20%. We compared type1 diabetic patients with or without OSA. We found no significant differences for age, male/female ratio, BMI or HbA1c. Patients with OSA had a longer course of diabetes (34 ± 12 vs 25 ± 15 yrs, p = 0.01), a higher risk of retinopathy (OR=7.82 [2.2; 35.5]), cardiovascular outcomes (OR=6.22 [1.4; 38.6]) and hypertension (OR=5.56 [1.6; 22.8]). Noteworthy, Epworth sleepiness score was generally within normal values even in type 1 diabetic patients with OSA (5 ± 3 vs 5 ± 4, NS).

Conclusion: Prevalence of OSA in type 1 diabetic patients is high and related to a longer duration of diabetes. Excessive daytime sleepiness was uncommon in this population.
A community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: evidence of a cooling tower as the source
Authors: M. Sabria, J. Alvarez, A. Dominguez, A. Pedrol, G. Sauca, L. Salleras, A. Lopez, M.A. Garcia-Nuñez, I. Parron, M.P. Barrufet
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)
The clinical efficacy of inhaled nedocromil sodium (Tilade) in the treatment of asthma
Authors: AM Edwards, MT Stevens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Inhaled nedocromil sodium, an anti-inflammatory agent for the maintenance treatment of asthma, has been the subject of many clinical trials but only a proportion have been published. This paper provides an overview analysis of all known placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized therapeutic trials. Both single centre and multicentre trials are included. A comparison has been made between the treatment effects of nedocromil sodium and placebo, using six efficacy variables (day and night asthma, cough, mean daily peak expiratory flow rate, inhaled bronchodilator use, clinic lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second) and global opinion of treatment efficacy. One hundred and twenty seven trial centres, involving 4,723 patients, have been included. The results demonstrate the efficacy of inhaled nedocromil sodium in a variety of patients with asthma. Optimal effects are evident in patients with moderate asthma, currently receiving treatment with inhaled and oral bronchodilators.
Phase II Trial of Intratumoral Administration of ONYX-015, a Replication-Selective Adenovirus, in Patients With Refractory Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: J. Nemunaitis, F. Khuri, I. Ganly, J. Arseneau, M. Posner, E. Vokes, J. Kuhn, T. McCarty, S. Landers, A. Blackburn, L. Romel, B. Randlev, S. Kaye, D. Kirn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To determine the safety, humoral immune response replication, and activity of multiple intratumoral injections of ONYX-015 (replication selective adenovirus) in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase II trial enrolled patients with SCCHN who had recurrence/relapse after prior conventional treatment. Patients received ONYX-015 at a dose of 2 × 10 11 particles via intratumoral injection for either 5 consecutive days (standard) or twice daily for 2 consecutive weeks (hyperfractionated) during a 21-day cycle. Patients were monitored for tumor response, toxicity, and antibody formation. RESULTS: Forty patients (30 standard and 10 hyperfractionated) received 533 injections of ONYX-015. Standard treatment resulted in 14% partial to complete regression, 41% stable disease, and 45% progressive disease rates. Hyperfractionated treatment resulted in 10% complete response, 62% stable disease, and 29% progressive disease rates. Treatment-related toxicity included mild to moderate fever (67% overall) and injection site pain (47% on the standard regimen, 80% on the hyperfractionated regimen). Detectable circulating ONYX-015 genome suggestive of intratumoral replication was identified in 41% of tested patients on days 5 and 6 of cycle 1; 9% of patients had evidence of viral replication 10 days after injection during cycle 1, and no patients had evidence of replication ≥ 22 days after injection. CONCLUSION: ONYX-015 can be safely administered via intratumoral injection to patients with recurrent/refractory SCCHN. ONYX-015 viremia is transient. Evidence of modest antitumoral activity is suggested.
Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Human Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Stem-like Cells and Their Progeny Implies the Existence of Distinct Basal and Luminal Cell Lineages
Authors: Jayant K. Rane, Sarah Greener, Fiona M. Frame, Vincent M. Mann, Matthew S. Simms, Anne T. Collins, Daniel M. Berney, Norman J. Maitland
Journal: European Urology (2015)
IP3-induced calcium release engages a pro-hypertrophic autoamplifying loop that relieves miR-133a mediated suppression of IP3RII calcium channels
Authors: F. M. Drawnel, D. Wachten, J. D. Molkentin, I. Sjaastad, N. Liu, K. Mikoshiba, M. D. Bootman, H. L. Roderick
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)
The Role of Calpain in Oncotic Cell Death
Authors: Xiuli Liu, Terry Van Vleet, Rick G. Schnellmann
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2004)

Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that calpains, a family of 14 Ca 2+ -activated neutral cysteine proteases, are involved in oncotic cell death in a variety of models. At this time, the biochemistry of most calpains and the specific roles of different calpains in physiology and pathology remain to be determined. A number of calpain substrates have been identified in cellular systems, including cytoskeletal proteins, and recent studies suggest that calpains mediate the increase in plasma membrane permeability to ions and the progressive breakdown of the plasma membrane observed in oncosis through the proteolysis of cystokeletal and plasma membrane proteins. Further, a number of reports provide evidence that the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in oncosis may be mediated by a mitochondrial calpain of unknown identity. Finally, a number of diverse calpain inhibitors have been developed that show cytoprotective properties in cellular systems and in vivo following diverse insults. It is suggested that future research be directed toward elucidation of the role(s) of specific calpain isozymes in physiological and pathological conditions; identifying and linking specific calpain substrates with altered cellular functions; and developing cell-permeable, potent, isozyme-selective calpain inhibitors.
CURB-65 scoring utilization in predicting mortality of hospitalized patients with AE-COPD
Authors: Ghazal Shaista, Nusrat Idrees, Kumar Panjwani, Hayat Muhammad, Rizvi Nadeem
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

AE-COPD is a commonly encountered problem in COPD patients leading to expensive in patient treatment and ICU admissions. It is associated with significant mortality.  Historically CURB-65 score is used to predict mortality in CAP and there is no scoring system to predict the mortality in hospitalized AE-COPD patients. This study is designed to evaluate the validation of CURB-65 score in predicting mortality in AE-COPD hospitalized patients.  This is a retrospective study conducted at JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan. Charts reviewed from July 2010 to June 2011 of hospitalized patients; only AE-COPD included in the study. Patients with other respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchiectesis, ILD and consolidation on chest x-ray or incomplete charts were excluded). CURB-65 was defined as C=Altered level of consciousness (GCS  7mmol/l, R = Respiratory rate >35breaths/min, B= Blood pressure (SBP  65 years, one point awarded for each. Chi- square test was used to see statistical significance of mortality difference in CURB-65 groups.  200 charts reviewed; 97 incomplete charts; 38 patients with ILD, brochictesis, asthma PNA. 65 patients met the inclusion criteria. A direct correlation was observed between mortality and CURB-65; highest mortality noted with CURB-65 3-5. In hospital mortality in different CURB-65 groups were, low risk (score 0-1)10.0% (2/32), moderate risk score (2) 10.0% (2/12) and high risk (score 3-5) 80.0% (16/21).  The CURB-65 scoring system is effective in predicting mortality in AE-COPD; can be used in AE COPD to stratify patients into different management groups as our conclusion indicates CURB 65 is helpful in assessing severity in AE COPD.
A follow up retrospective analysis on the use of lidocaine during bronchoscopy in a UK district hospital
Authors: Lauren Harkin, Anneka Biswas, Salim Meghjee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Lidocaine is the topical local anaesthetic used during bronchoscopy. The BTS guidelines advise no more than 5mg/kg (in patients with cardiac/hepatic disease) and 8.2mg/kg in the general population. A previous study1 indicated patients were often given more than their maximum safe dose and recommended that proformas should include maximum safe dose and actual dose given documented. (Figure 1). We investigate whether this documentation has improved clinical practice.

Methods: A retrospective analysis (Aug-Oct 2012) was conducted on 44 patients.

Results: 44 patients were included. 62% male (28). Mean age 64.45 years (32-86). Mean weight 74.12kg (40.32 – 101). 8 patients (18%) had cardiovascular disease and 2 patients (5%) had hepatic disease. All 10 patients (100%) had been given a dose of lidocaine that was below the maximum safe calculated dose. 100% of the patients without cardiac/hepatic disease received a dose that was below the safe dose.

Conclusion: 100% of patients were given below their calculated safe doses of lidocaine during bronchoscopy, in contrast to 77% of patients with cardiac/hepatic disease in the 2011 study. Calculating maximum safe doses of lidocaine use has been found to be effective and improve clinical practice.

![Figure][1] 



References 

1.Lawless C, Meghjee S. A retrosepctive audit of lidocaine use at bronchoscopy in a UK district general hospital. Eur RespirJ 2011; 38: Suppl.55, 668s.

 [1]: pending:yes
Upper-Tract Tumors After an Initial Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer: Argument for Long-Term Surveillance
Authors: Farhang Rabbani, Michael Perrotti, Paul Russo, Harry W. Herr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

To determine the relative risk (RR) of upper-tract tumors (UTT) after bladder cancer, stratified by bladder tumor characteristics, demographic factors, and follow-up duration, in order to develop an improved risk-based surveillance strategy.The 1973 to 1996 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to determine the observed and expected number of UTT after bladder cancer. The RR with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, stratifying by race, sex, stage, grade, histology, and follow-up duration. The tumor characteristics and clinical outcome were compared in patients with UTT after bladder cancer and those with de novo UTT.A total of 94,591 patients had a first diagnosis of bladder cancer, of whom 91,245 had follow-up (median, 4.1 years), with no antecedent or synchronous UTT. UTT developed subsequently in 657 of 91,245 (0.7%), with 12.80 expected cases (RR = 51.3; 95% CI, 47.5 to 55.4). The respective RRs for UTT for white men and women were 64.2 (95% CI, 55.1 to 74.3) and 75.4 (95% CI, 57.7 to 96.9) at less than 2 years, 44.3 (95% CI, 36.7 to 53.0) and 40.5 (95% CI, 27.9 to 56.8) at 2 to 5 years, 50.8 (95% CI, 42.2 to 60.7) and 42.1 (95% CI, 28.8 to 59.4) at 5 to 10 years, and 43.2 (95% CI, 32.6 to 56.1) and 22.2 (95% CI, 10.1 to 42.2) at >or= 10 years. Similar RRs were seen among different strata of race, stage, grade, and histology. Patients with UTT after bladder cancer had lower stage and improved disease-specific survival compared with those with de novo UTT.The incidence of UTT is stable on long-term follow-up, with no significant risk factors identified. These findings suggest that upper-tract surveillance remain rigorous on extended follow-up of bladder cancer patients.
Mutagenicity of Some Lipsticks and Their Dyes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Marie R. Green, Jullia V. Pastewka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Twenty-four lipsticks of various shades and colors were tested for mutagencitiy with the histidine-requiring tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Nine lipsticks were mutagenic without microsomal (S-9) activation. Dose-response effects were observed. Eight colorants listed as ingredients of the mutagenic lipsticsk were tested with and without S-9. Drug and Cosmetic (D&C) Orange No. 17, a monoazo dye with two nitro groups, was highly mutagenic in the absence of S-9. The mutagenic effect was decreased or lost in the presence of S-9 prepared from livers of male noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats given a single injection of Aroclor 1254. Eight lipsticsk matched for ingredients other than dyes were tested. Two containing D&C Orange No. 17 were directly mutagenic. The mutagenic effect was decreased by the presence of S-9. Only D&C Orange No. 17 was sufficiently mutagenic without microsomal activation to account for the mutagenicity observed in these lipsticks. Lipsticks containing D&C Orange No. 17 and those labeled with the words "may contain" D&C Orange No. 17 should be suspected of being mutagenic for S. typhimurium TA98. This dye and 2,4-dinitrosaniline, which may also be present, are potential health hazards. Assessment of their carcinogenicity awaits evaluation of results obtained by appropriate testing in animals.
Very high volume hemofiltration with the Cascade system in septic shock patients
Authors: Jean-Pierre Quenot, Christine Binquet, Christophe Vinsonneau, Saber-David Barbar, Sandrine Vinault, Valerie Deckert, Stéphanie Lemaire, Ali Ait Hassain, Rémi Bruyère, Bertrand Souweine, Laurent Lagrost, Christophe Adrie
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Simulation of particle deposition in the human airways
Authors: Ana Fernandez Tena, Joaquin Fernandez Francos, Francisco Rodriguez Jerez, Pere Casan Clara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: To study the airway deposition of inhaled particles, using a numerical model of fluid dynamics.

Methods: A 3D model of the airways has been developed, from mouth up to terminal bronchioles. A simulation code of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used, which simulates the air movement in the model, and the trajectory of inhaled particles, according to their velocity and size. Different airflows have been simulated: 10, 30 and 80 l/min, with 3 particle sizes: 5 nm, 0.5 µm and 20 µm. When a particle collides with the airway wall, it is trapped there. This code calculates the percentage of particles trapped in the different anatomical parts of the model.

Results: In figure1, red color in the airways represents areas with a high concentration of trapped particles, whereas the blue color spots are areas without trapped particles. The number of trapped particles in the pharynx is higher as the bigger the particles are and the higher the airflow is. When the particles are small and the airflow is low, the particles tend to be trapped in more distal regions.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions:

1. It’s possible to develop a realistic computer model to simulate the breath and the deposition of inhaled particles, employing CFD codes.

2. Pharynx is the area where the most part of the particles are going to be trapped.

3. It is possible to improve the deposition of inhaled particles in more distal areas breathing with a low airflow and using inhalers with a small particle size.

 [1]: pending:yes
A multivariate model to predict cancer upgrade from atypical ductal hyperplasia by core needle biopsy.
Authors: Alvaro Pena, Robert T. Fazzio, Sejal Shah, Tanya L. Hoskin, Rushin D Brahmbhatt, Daniel W. Visscher, Tina J. Hieken, James W. Jakub, Judy Caroline Boughey, Amy C. Degnim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3 Background: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a high-risk breast lesion usually diagnosed with core needle biopsy. Although upgraded to cancer at surgical excision in ~15 to 25% of cases, routine excision is questioned due to cost and overtreatment. We evaluated clinical, imaging, and histologic features associated with cancer upgrade and developed a multivariate model to predict risk of upgrade. Methods: With IRB approval a single institution retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent surgical excision of ADH diagnosed by core biopsy from 06/2005 to 06/2013. Review was performed of electronic records, breast imagin,g and biopsy slides. Multiple imputations were used for missing data. Association of cancer upgrade with various features was assessed with logistic regression. Results: 409 biopsies with ADH on core biopsy, with later surgical excision, were included. The overall upgrade rate was (16.1%, 95% CI:12.9-20.0%); 10 patients had invasive cancer at excision and 56 DCIS only. Features on core biopsy most strongly associated with upgrade were imaging estimated percent of lesion removed (upgrade 9% for 90% removed, 14% for 50 to 75%, and 27% for &lt; 50% removed), individual cell necrosis (upgrade 34% with necrosis vs. 9.5% without), and # foci of ADH (22% for &gt;1 focus vs 8% for 1 focus). A multivariate predictive model (see Table) showed an average C-statistic of 0.77. Women with no necrosis and either 1 focus with ≥ 50% removal or &gt;1 focus with 90% removal (36% of the sample) have low risk of upgrade (5.0%, 95% CI:1.3-8.7%). Conclusions: ADH on core biopsy with low risk of upgrade to cancer is defined by percent of imaging lesion removed, # of foci of ADH, and lack of individual cell necrosis. If findings are validated, women whose biopsies meet low-risk criteria might be considered for chemoprevention and surveillance rather than surgical excision.[Table: see text]
Relationship of patient age to pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis for patients with stage I or II breast cancer.
Authors: A J Nixon, D Neuberg, D F Hayes, R Gelman, J L Connolly, S Schnitt, A Abner, A Recht, F Vicini, J R Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE This analysis was performed to clarify the relationship of young age at diagnosis to the pathologic features of the tumor and prognosis in patients with early-stage breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,398 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging stage I or II breast cancer treated by breast-conserving therapy between 1968 and 1985. One hundred seven patients were younger than 35 years at the time of diagnosis. The median follow-up duration for the 1,032 survivors was 99 months. RESULTS Patients younger than 35 years had a significantly higher overall recurrence rate (P = .002), as well as a greater risk for developing distant metastases (P = .03), when compared with older patients. The cancers in younger patients more commonly showed factors associated with a worse prognosis (including grade 3 histology, lymphatic vessel invasion [LVI], necrosis, and estrogen receptor [ER] negativity) as compared with older patients. In a proportional hazards model that included clinical and treatment-related variables, as well as these pathologic features, age younger than 35 years remained a significant predictor for time to recurrence (relative risk [RR], 1.70), time to distant failure (RR, 1.60), and overall mortality (RR, 1.50). CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients younger than 35 years have a worse prognosis than older patients. This difference is only partially explained by a higher frequency of adverse pathologic factors seen in younger patients.
Carcinogenicity Test of Six Nitrosamides and a Nitrosocyanamide Administered Orally to Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Orhan Bulay, Sidney S. Mlrvish, Humberto Garcia, Alain F. Pelfrene, Barry Gold, Michael Eagen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Six nitrosamides [ethylnitrosourea (ENU), 2-hydroxyethylnitrosourea (HENU), carboxymethylnitrosourea, 1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil (NDHU), 1-nitrosohydantoin, and N-methyl-N-nitrosobenzamide (MNB)] and ethylnitrosocyanamide (ENC) were administered chronically In sodium citrate-buffered drinking water to MRC Wistar rats. ENU induced tumors of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (50% incidence), mammary glands, and large Intestine. NDHU in drinking water produced hepatocellular carcinomas (96% incidence), but NDHU injected ip caused mostly tumors at the injection sites (54% incidence). HENU produced bone tumors (38% incidence) and RES tumors (28% incidence). ENC produced nasal cavity tumors (36% Incidence). Papillomas and/or carcinomas of the forestomach, tongue, and pharynx were induced by most of the compounds, with the highest Incidence In the forestomach (47% for MNB); these tumors were attributed to local action when the compounds were ingested. Carcinogenicity was not quantitatively correlated with direct mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA1535.
Is lung retransplantation indicated? Report on four patients
Authors: H Shennib, R Novick, D Mulder, A Menkis, JF Morin, N McKenzie, M Kaye, M Noirclerc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

As more lung transplantations are performed, many patients will suffer graft failure and will be considered for retransplantation. This article reviews the case management reports of four patients who received lung or heart/lung retransplantation, with overall disappointing results. The pros and cons of lung retransplantation are discussed.
Abstract 2253: What is the Ideal Hemoglobin for Infants With Single Ventricle?
Authors: James A Kuo, Kevin O Maher, Paul M Kirshbom, William T Mahle
Journal: Circulation (2009)

In the setting of chronic hypoxemia, children with cyanotic congenital heart disease often develop an elevated hemoglobin (Hgb) level to achieve adequate oxygen delivery. Based on this physiologic ...