tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuing Medical Education in the Soviet Union
Authors: P. B. Storey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Physicians in the USSR practice within a system organized for flow of health-care services to the public, and for flow of patients to appropriate back-up diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. The present medical-education policy of the USSR Ministry of Health is oriented toward increasing the qualifications of all physicians. This poses a complex problem for postgraduate medical education in the Soviet Union. To meet the challenge the Ministry has evolved an educational system that binds all phases of medical education and is noteworthy for its commitment of personnel, financial and organizational resources to the lifelong improvement of a physician's knowledge and skills. The most important role is that of the 13 Institutes for Advanced Education of Physicians, under the leadership of the Central Institute in Moscow.
High dose steroid bolus given for occlusion of central retinal artery: Author's reply
Authors: N Hausmann
Journal: BMJ (1992)

overlap with the groupings of HbAI concentration at seven years.At three months into the study patients with strict diabetic control showed a worsening of retinopathy relative to those receiving more casual treatment.2At two years strict control seemed to be of benefit,' but the small difference had disappeared at 3 5 years.4The present report at seven years is claimed to argue for a benefit of strict control (as judged by HbA1 concentration), but the results are clearly equivocal and do not answer the question of whether a strict insulin regimen (which carries its own risks5) is ofbenefit.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS FOLLOWING PYRITHYLDIONE (PRESIDON®) THERAPY
Authors: TERENCE LLOYD TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Pyrithyldione (presidon,® 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridine) is a mild hypnotic and sedative, not a barbiturate derivative, which is now being widely employed. Several reports which recommend its use as a sedative indicate a tendency of the drug to depress the granulocyte count. Koppanyi and others in 1940 noted that in rabbits receiving pyrithyldione by mouth13 animals exhibited a decrease in the percentage of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 34 to 11, 24 to 12, and 19 to 9 per cent, respectively. However, the animals survived after the drug was discontinued. An even more significant observation on human subjects was recorded by Polatin and Horwitz in 1947.2In a series of 10 patients whose white blood cell counts were carefully followed daily during three weeks' administration of the drug (600 mg. daily), they noted that 1 patient's total white blood cell count dropped from 8,700 to 3,850 with no change in the
Endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastrointestinal lesions using the over-the-scope clip system: a case series
Authors: Martin Fähndrich, Marcel Sandmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system was developed for the closure of gastrointestinal defects but can also be used for endoscopic resection. This report describes the efficacy and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) using the OTSC system. In this retrospective, observational, open-label case study, a total of 17 patients underwent eFTR using a dual clip and cap technique. The indications were: carcinoids, incompletely resected colon cancers involving the mucosa or submucosa, recurrent fibrosed adenoma of the colon, and submucosal lesions. The technical success was 94 % (16 /17). The complete resection (R0) rate was 100 %. There were no complications. In summary, the described minimally invasive method to perform eFTR of complex gastrointestinal lesions appears to be effective and safe.
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Infants and Children
Authors: ARTHUR J. AMMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The classification of the pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is based on epidemiologic, immunologic, and virologic data. Persons at risk include infants whose mothers who use intravenous drugs, infants who have received blood transfusions from subjects with risk factors, patients receiving factor VIII therapy, and infants born to heterosexual mothers with bisexual husbands. A distinct immunologic phenotype, rarely seen in other immunodeficiency disorders, is associated with pediatric AIDS consisting of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and T-cell immunodeficiency. Detection of antibody to the AIDS retrovirus or isolation of virus are essential in establishing a diagnosis. During early infancy, viral isolation is essential as passive transfer of material IgG may occur. Primary immunodeficiency diseases, in particular adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside Phosphorylase deficiency, should be excluded. A diagnosis of pediatric AIDS may be established in a patient who has a risk factor associated with AIDS, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, T-cell immunodeficiency, and antibody to the AIDS retrovirus or isolation of virus.
Abortion and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Marilie D. Gammon, Joan E. Bertin, Mary Beth Terry
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The data presented by Newcomb and colleagues<sup>1</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>add one more valuable piece to a scientifically complex and politically charged jigsaw puzzle, the issue of breast cancer risk and abortion. To date, the epidemiologic evidence on this issue remains inconsistent.<sup>2</sup>Despite some highly publicized studies that support a significant positive association between induced abortion and breast cancer, primarily among inconsistently identified subgroups of women—such as women younger than 33 years with an abortion before a first birth,<sup>3</sup>nulliparous women,<sup>4</sup>women older than 50 years,<sup>5</sup>gravid women with an early or late age at first abortion,<sup>6</sup>women younger than age 40 years,<sup>6,7</sup>or among those with a family history of breast cancer<sup>8</sup>—many studies do not.<sup>9-18</sup>While there is an apparently consistent observation of a modest 10% to 50% elevation in risk in relation to a history of
Further Experience with Regional Enteritis
Authors: Charles G. Mixter, Arnold Starr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

was the most effective treatment. Recently the soundness of this conclusion has been questioned, because of recurrence following what appeared to be adequate intestinal resection. We have now had an opportunity to study and treat 20 cases of this disease, and feel that conclusions from their careful analysis should prove an aid in standardizing the procedure for early diagnosis and subsequent management.
Abstract 4271: Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yanyan Li, Tao Zhang, Hasan Korkaya, Suling Liu, Hsiu-Fang Lee, Bryan Newman, Yanke Yu, Shawn Clouthier, Steven Schwartz, Max Wicha, Duxin Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in breast cancer has profound implications for cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sulforaphane, a naturally occurring dietary compound from broccoli/broccoli sprouts, for its efficacy to inhibit breast CSCs as well as to elucidate the potential mechanisms of its effect. Aldefluor and mammosphere formation assays were used to assess the effect of sulforaphane on breast CSCs in vitro. A NOD/SCID xenograft model was employed to determine the efficacy of sulforaphane in targeting breast CSCs in vivo. The potential mechanism of sulforaphane was investigated utilizing Western blotting and β-catenin reporter assays. The results showed that sulforaphane (1∼5 µM) decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive cell population by 65%∼80% in human breast cancer cell line (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and reduced the size and number of primary mammospheres by 8∼125-fold and 50%∼75% (P &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively. Daily injection with 50 mg/kg sulforaphane for two weeks reduced ALDH-positive cells by more than 50% in tumors (P = 0.003). Furthermore, sulforaphane eliminated breast CSCs in vivo, thereby abrogating tumor re-growth in secondary mice (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Western blotting showed that sulforaphane down-regulated the Wnt/β-catenin self-renewal pathway. These data suggest that sulforaphane targets breast CSCs through the down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential mechanism. These findings provide a scientific rationale for use of sulforaphane and potentially broccoli/broccoli sprout dietary interventions for breast cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4271.
Triacol and the Alpers Chemical Company.
Authors: William C. Alpers
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New York City, Nov. 4, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —About a year agoThe Journalof the American Medical Association criticized the action of the Alpers Chemical Company for advertising its product, Triacol, in a number of magazines, and I was personally held responsible for such action. Neither the Alpers Chemical Company nor myself knew of this criticism until recently, when at the meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association my attention was called to it. This is the reason for the long delay in correcting some erroneous statements made in The Journal. The advertisements in question were made through a misunderstanding between an advertising agent and an employé of the company who had temporary charge of these matters during the manager's absence in Europe. As soon as the error was detected steps were taken to stop the respective advertisements and they have long ago disappeared from the magazines. While the
Prolonged Preoperative Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: L. Andrew DiFronzo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
Authors: Dean Rieger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was with pleasure that I read the recent article about prevention of adolescent pregnancy. It was with dismay that I noted the misuse of the terms<i>primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention</i>. "Primary prevention" refers to prevention of the occurrence of a disease or injury; "secondary prevention" refers to early detection and intervention to reverse, halt, or at least retard the progress of the condition; and "tertiary prevention" refers to minimization of the effects of a condition. Although pregnancy is not a disease or injury, it is not terribly unreasonable to apply to it the terms referring to types of prevention. As primary prevention, Drs McAnarney and Hendee rely mostly on education regarding sexuality—education of the primary care provider, of parents, and of the adolescent. The link between education regarding sexuality and behavior change (avoidance of pregnancy) is never made clear and may not exist.
Support hose and varicose veins.
Authors: A D Chant, P Magnussen, C Kershaw
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Des malades en attente de chirurgie pour varices recoivent la proposition de port de bas a varices, donnant une pression de 30-40 mmHg ou 40-50 mmHg. Les bas ameliorent leur etat dans 82 cas sur 104; 51 malades renoncent a la chirurgie et continuent a porter les bas. La pression de 40 mmHg est tres supportable, il n'est pas certain que des pressions moindres soient a conseiller
Organising midwifery led care in The Netherlands.
Authors: C Oppenheimer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The growing pressure for changes in the care available for pregnant women at low risk found a voice in the report on maternity services from the House of Commons Health Committee published in February 1992. The demand for greater autonomy and responsibility by midwives and the need to rationalise medical working practices in the light of changes in junior doctors' hours adds urgency to the need to find ways of instituting change while maintaining safety. A visit to the Netherlands allowed first hand evaluation of aspects of the Dutch model of maternity care of relevance to establishing midwifery led care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies in the United Kingdom.
Job Loss due to Health Insurance Mandates
Authors: Jacob A. Klerman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The proposed Health Security Act provides universal health insurance by extending the current employer-based health insurance financing system. It requires employers to pay approximately 80% of the health insurance premium for each of their workers. Experience with other legislation requiring employers to provide benefits to their employees indicates that most of the cost of a mandated benefit is shifted to employees in the form of lower wages. However, for workers without health insurance and with earnings close to the minimum wage, minimum-wage legislation prohibits employers from lowering wages in response to a health insurance mandate. These employers can be expected to respond by cutting employment. Recent evidence from employer reactions to increases in the minimum wage suggests that approximately 100 000 jobs would be lost due to the Health Security Act's employer mandate. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:552-556)
473 INFLUENCE OF GRAFT STEATOSIS ON DONOR SAFETY AND POSTTRANSPLANT OUTCOME AFTER ADULT TO ADULT LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: C.H. Kwon, J.W. Joh, G.O. Jung, J.M. Kim, J.I. Moon, J.M. Chun, G.-S. Choi, J.B. Park, K.R. Cho, S.-J. Kim, S.-K. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Physicians and Nuclear War
Authors: Bernard Lown
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE WORLD is moving inexorably toward the use of nuclear weapons. The atomic age and space flights demonstrate the awesome power of science and technology. These developments have also brought humankind to a bifurcation—one road of unlimited opportunity for improving the quality of life, the other of unmitigated misery, devastation, and death. The road we follow will determine whether modern society has a future. <h3>The Experience of Hiroshima</h3> In Hiroshima, a primitive uranium bomb with an explosive power of 13 kilotons (equivalent to 13,000 tons of TNT) instantaneously killed more than 75,000 persons. Of a population of 245,000, more than 100,000 persons were injured. Ninety percent of the 76,000 buildings within city limits were destroyed. Only three of Hiroshima's 45 hospitals were left unscathed. Fewer than 30 of the 150 physicians were available to attend the thousands of victims. Of the 1,780 nurses, only 126 were alive and able to
Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins
Authors: S Verheule
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Rapid electrical activity in pulmonary veins (PVs) has been proposed as a mechanism for focal atrial fibrillation. The way in which the myocardial sleeve inside PVs can form a substrate for focal activity is not well understood. Therefore, we have studied tissue structure and connexin distribution at the veno-atrial transition in the dog.In adult mongrel dogs, the anatomy of the PV area was studied. Tissue structure in individual veins was assessed in formalin fixed sections using Masson's Trichrome staining. Gap junction protein distribution was examined using antibodies against connexin40 (Cx40) and connexin43 (Cx43). The ultrastructure of myocytes in myocardial sleeves was studied using electron microscopy.Individual PVs in the dog had a gross morphology similar to that observed in the human, with myocardial sleeves extending into the veins for 4-20 mm. In all veins examined, myocytes in myocardial sleeves had a normal atrial morphology and anti-desmin staining pattern. Cx43 was expressed throughout the sleeve at levels comparable to normal atrial myocardium. By contrast, Cx40 expression was lower in myocardial sleeves than in the rest of the left atrium. Myocytes in the sleeve, which were ultrastructurally similar to normal atrial myocytes, were predominantly organized in a circumferential pattern.PVs in the dog and various canine models of heart disease will be a suitable model for (patho)physiology of the veno-atrial transition. Myocytes in myocardial sleeves are similar to normal atrial myocytes. The circumferential orientation of these myocytes may provide a substrate for rapid circular reentry.
The Computer and Medical Care
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In this era of evolving computer applications in medicine, it is of interest to examine systems so far developed by groups committed to this end. Lindberg here describes programs developed at the University of Missouri Medical Center, reviews activities of others, and makes cogent inquiry into the medicinecomputer interaction. He does not present introductory material on the organization or programming of a computer; he assumes these areas to be either irrelevant or already known to the reader. Either assumption is appropriate. The clinician here finds the specific decision rules which have been delegated to computer surveillance, and can judge for himself whether these are acceptable rules. He need have no knowledge of computers per se. To me, they are sensible rules. The computerist can then use them in developing programs for a particular computer system. These programs focus principally on the handling of clinical laboratory data. Methods are presented to
A 2-gene classifier for predicting response to the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mitch Raponi, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Hongtao Fan, Lesley Dossey, Grace Lee, Ivana Gojo, Eric J. Feldman, Jason Gotlib, Lawrence E. Morris, Peter L. Greenberg, John J. Wright, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Bob Löwenberg, Richard M. Stone, Peter De Porre, Yixin Wang, Judith E. Karp
Journal: Blood (2007)
The Metrics of the Physician Brain Drain
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

There has been substantial immigration of physicians to developed countries, much of it coming from lower-income countries. Although the recipient nations and the immigrating physicians benefit from this migration, less developed countries lose important health capabilities as a result of the loss of physicians.Data on the countries of origin, based on countries of medical education, of international medical graduates practicing in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia were obtained from sources in the respective countries and analyzed separately and in aggregate. With the use of World Health Organization data, I computed an emigration factor for the countries of origin of the immigrant physicians to provide a relative measure of the number of physicians lost by emigration.International medical graduates constitute between 23 and 28 percent of physicians in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, and lower-income countries supply between 40 and 75 percent of these international medical graduates. India, the Philippines, and Pakistan are the leading sources of international medical graduates. The United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia draw a substantial number of physicians from South Africa, and the United States draws very heavily from the Philippines. Nine of the 20 countries with the highest emigration factors are in sub-Saharan Africa or the Caribbean.Reliance on international medical graduates in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia is reducing the supply of physicians in many lower-income countries.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Lymphotoxin α Are Not Required for Induction of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Karl Frei, Hans-Pietro Eugster, Martin Bopst, Cris S. Constantinescu, Ehud Lavi, Adriano Fontana
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Immunization of mice with myelin components results in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is mediated by myelin-specific CD4+ T cells and anti-myelin antibodies. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and lymphotoxin α (LT-α) are thought to be involved in the events leading to inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. To ascertain this hypothesis 129 × C57BL/6 mice with an inactivation of the tnf and lta genes (129 × C57BL/6−/−) and SJL/J mice derived from backcrosses of the above mentioned mutant mice (SJL−/−) were immunized with mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH) or proteolipid protein. Both 129 × C57BL/6−/− mice and SJL−/− mice developed EAE. In SJL−/− mice immunized with MSCH, a very severe form of EAE with weight loss, paralysis of all four limbs, and lethal outcome was observed. The histologic hallmark was an intense perivascular and parenchymal infiltration with predominantly CD4+ T cells and some CD8+ T cells associated with demyelination in both brain and spinal cord. These results indicate that TNF-α and LT-α are not essential for the development of EAE.
QUININ IN MALARIA.
Authors: GEORGE DOCK
Journal: JAMA (1899)

A perusal of current literature and an experience with physicians in active practice show many differences of opinion regarding the use and value of quinin in various malarial diseases. The recent war, by exposing large numbers of men to real or imaginary malaria, brought out in a striking manner many of the most common views, and the numerous articles directly and indirectly touching the subject seem to justify a somewhat dogmatic consideration of certain salient features. <h3>Why We Use Quinin in Malaria.</h3> —It should not be forgotten that our use of quinin is due to an accidental discovery and that the value of the drug and fairly reliable methods of administration were known long before we had any accurate knowledge of the cause of the disease or the nature of the changes produced by it in the body. As is well known, malaria is a disease that in most cases