tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human exposure to urban air pollution.
Authors: C E Boström, J Almén, B Steen, R Westerholm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This study deals with some methods of making human exposure estimates, aimed at describing the human exposure for selected air pollutants in Sweden that are suspected carcinogens. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been chosen as an indicator substance for estimating the concentration of the urban plume. Earlier investigations have shown that the traffic in Swedish cities contributes around 85% to the measured NOx concentrations, and that most of the mutagenicity in urban air originates from traffic. The first section of this paper describes measurements in Stockholm of some unregulated light hydrocarbons, such as ethene, ethyne, propane, propene, butane, and isobutane. In addition, measurements of some volatile aromatic hydrocarbons are presented. Simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) were made. The ratios between CO and the individual specific compounds were determined by linear regression analysis. By analysis of relationships between CO and NOx, NOx concentrations can be used as a tracer to describe the exposure for these specific compounds. NOx are considered to be a better tracer than CO, because NOx or NO2 values exist for many places over a long time, while CO is measured mostly in streets with high concentrations. At low concentrations, instruments that measure normal CO levels give no detectable signals. Through use of atmospheric dispersion models and models that describe how people live and work in urban areas it has been possible to describe the average exposure to NOx in cities of different sizes. The exposure to NOx for people living in the countryside has also been estimated. In this way, it has been possible to calculate the average exposure dose for NOx for the Swedish population. This figure is 23 micrograms/m3. By use of the relationships between NOx and specific compounds the average dose has been calculated for the following compounds: polyaromatic compounds (PAH); ethene, propene, and butadiene; benzene, toluene, and xylene; formaldehyde and actaldehyde; nickel, chromium (VI), arsenic, and cadmium; asbestos; and silicon.
Anderson-Fabry disease.
Authors: S.M. BREATHNACH, M.M. BLACK, H.J. WALLACE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Electron microscopy of clinically uninvolved skin taken from a 12-month-old male child with biochemically proven angiokeratoma corporis diffusum showed characteristic lamellar lipid deposits within endothclial and perithelial cells of dermal blood vessels. Ultrastructural examination of skin may aid the early identification of males affected with Anderson-Fabry disease long before the development of specific skin lesions.
Ultrastructural localisation of alkaline phosphatase in adult human large intestine.
Authors: C Benjawatanapon, L E Bell, L Williams
Journal: Gut (1982)

The localisation of alkaline phosphatase in human large intestine was investigated at the ultrastructural level. Alkaline phosphatase was found in the mature absorptive cells of the surface, upper, and middle crypt epithelium; the reaction product was localised in the glycocalyx coat of the microvilli, the Golgi apparatus, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Slight activity was found in the immature absorptive cells of the middle and lower regions of the crypts. The undifferentiated cells and the enterochromaffin cells were negative. In the lamina propria, alkaline phosphatase was localised in the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells of the venules, in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the plasma cells, and the cell membrane of macrophages. These results are consistent with the role of alkaline phosphatase in membrane transport.
Need for a "Team Approach" to Clinical and Research Problems of Children's Tumours
Authors: J. K. Steward
Journal: BMJ (1966)

metabolism.Though the patients with rheumatoid arthritis in this study received larger quantities of salicylates and prednisone and for longer periods of time than patients with other dis- orders, the role of increased utilization of folic acid remains speculative for the present time.The relationship between reduced serum-folate levels and the anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis is also problematical.In the present study there was no correlation between reduced levels of serum folic-acid activity and either anaemia or macrocytosis.It is therefore unlikely that folic-acid deficiency is important in the mechanism of anaemia in this condition, though a con- trolled clinical trial of folic-acid therapy is probably indicated.There is certainly no experimental or clinical evidence to suggest that the disturbance in folic-acid metabolism has a more funda- mental significance in the pathogenesis of the rheumatoid process itself. SummaryAn investigation of the haematological effects of phenylbutazone in patients with various forms of arthritis has demonstrated no inhibitory effect of this drug on folic-acid metabolism.Thirty-two per cent. of patients with rheumatoid arthritis had low serum-folate levels, and normal levels were found in other joint and rheumatic conditions.
Abstract B37: Phenotypic analysis of single cells dissociated from solid tumors
Authors: Joyce J. Ruitenberg, Aaron Middlebrook, Maria Suni, Friedrich Hahn, Eileen Snowden, Warren Porter, Mitchell Ferguson, Rainer Blaesius, Smita A. Ghanekar
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Current methods for solid tumor analysis may be inadequate for addressing both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Comprehensive analysis requires the ability to analyze tumor biopsy specimens at the single-cell level. A better understanding of how the tumors are behaving at a cellular level, in relation to the other cells within the tumor microenvironment, could lead to more accurate and specific treatment, and better patient prognosis. Evaluation of tumor derived single cells by flow cytometry could provide unique information that is not readily obtained from current methods. Here we demonstrate the single-cell analysis of solid tumors from breast and colorectal cancers. Since single-cell analysis of solid tumors may not occur at the collection site, it is important that tumors be preserved in order to retain their characteristics during transport. Using tumors from PDX mouse models, and human samples, different preservatives were evaluated for their effects on cellular viability and surface marker expression. Following shipment of the tumor samples in preservation solutions, the solid tumors were dissociated into single-cell suspensions using enzyme cocktails containing collagenase. Phenotypic evaluation was performed using flow cytometry after staining the single cells with monoclonal antibody panels specific for either tumor or immune cells. The results indicate that the dissociation method did not seem to adversely impact the expression of surface proteins. We demonstrate that it is feasible to analyze dissociated tumor cell populations with relevant surface markers. Analysis of the data revealed distinct phenotype patterns for single cells dissociated from breast and colorectal cancers. Further extensive evaluation of heterogeneity in these tumor types could reveal phenotypic signatures that may be clinically relevant. Citation Format: Joyce J. Ruitenberg, Aaron Middlebrook, Maria Suni, Friedrich Hahn, Eileen Snowden, Warren Porter, Mitchell Ferguson, Rainer Blaesius, Smita A. Ghanekar. Phenotypic analysis of single cells dissociated from solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B37. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B37
Sclerostin Inhibition Reverses Skeletal Fragility in an Lrp5-Deficient Mouse Model of OPPG Syndrome
Authors: Rajendra Kedlaya, Shreya Veera, Daniel J. Horan, Rachel E. Moss, Ugur M. Ayturk, Christina M. Jacobsen, Margot E. Bowen, Chris Paszty, Matthew L. Warman, Alexander G. Robling
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Humans with osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome might benefit from sclerostin neutralization therapies.
Effect of Chronically Increased Ventricular Pressure on Electrical Forces of the Heart
Authors: PAUL G. HUGENHOLTZ, RAUL GAMBOA
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Hemodynamic measurements during left and right heart catheterization in 90 patients with aortic or pulmonic stenosis have been correlated with selected vectorcardiographic parameters obtained by the Frank vectorcardiogram. Evidence has been presented that increased left ventricular peak pressure (r=0.85) or pressure time (r=0.78) leads to augmented maximum spatial voltages. The coefficients for similar correlations on the right side of the heart were 0.87, respectively 0.82. When a sum of selected spatial vectors was used the correlation coefficient with left ventricular peak pressure rose to 0.90 (with controls r=0.93) and with right ventricular peak pressure to 0.89, while at the same time the standard error became less. Less significant correlations existed with the log of the valve area (r=–0.69 for the aortic valve and r=–0.66 for the pulmonary valve) and stroke work (r= 0.24 for left and r=0.32 for right ventricular work). These findings provide a further link between the morphology and the physiology of the ventricle producing wall tension and intracavitary pressure. The demonstration of no change in MSV over years of growth, while the heart increases from 20 grams to its mature weight of 300 grams and the remarkable linear increase in MSV once elevated resting pressure is produced, shows that the vectorcardiogram is capable of reflecting accurately the average peak pressure and pressure time delivered by either ventricle. Furthermore, the less significant relationship with stroke work or valve area, in the face of the good correlation with pressure time per minute and peak pressure, in particular, indicates that chronically increased ventricular pressure in obstructive lesions is the chief factor altering MSV. On the basis of Linzbach's histologic studies, it appears that the essential measurement made by the MSV or the SMSV is the number of cells constituting the actively contracting myocardial syncytium required for the maintenance of average resting ventricular systolic pressure.
Why do patients with faecal impaction have faecal incontinence.
Authors: N W Read, L Abouzekry
Journal: Gut (1986)

To elucidate the phenomenon of faecal incontinence in impacted patients, manometric, radiological and other investigations were carried out in 55 elderly patients, who had impacted masses of faeces in the rectum and were incontinent of faeces and 36 elderly control subjects with no anorectal problems. Maximum basal pressure and the maximum squeeze pressure in impacted patients were not significantly different from elderly controls. Sphincter pressures were no different after disimpaction than they were with faecal masses in situ, suggesting that leakage and soiling were not caused by stretching of the anal ring or prolonged reflex inhibition of anal tone by the faecal mass. The anorectal angle was more obtuse in impacted patients than in elderly controls though there was no greater degree of perineal descent. Anal and perianal sensation was impaired in impacted patients compared with controls. Rectal sensation was also impaired in the impacted patients in that the volume in a rectal balloon that could be perceived by the subject and the volume that gave rise to a desire to defecate were much higher in impacted patients than in controls. The rectal volume required to cause anal relaxation was lower in impacted patients compared with controls though there was no reduction in the volume at which anal relaxation failed to recover its resting tone. Rectal distension elicited external sphincter contractions in 53% impacted patients compared with 80% of controls. In conclusion, faecal soiling in patients with faecal impaction is probably related to the combination of an obtuse anorectal angle and the low anal pressures, normally found in the elderly and to impaired anorectal sensation which prevents conscious contraction of the external sphincter when the internal sphincter is relaxed.
Sleep hypoventilation in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: F.J. O'Donoghue, P.G. Catcheside, E.E. Ellis, R.R. Grunstein, R.J. Pierce, L.S. Rowland, E.R. Collins, S.E. Rochford, R.D. McEvoy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Sleep hypoventilation (SH) may be important in the development of hypercapnic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The prevalence of SH, associated factors, and overnight changes in waking arterial blood gases (ABG), were assessed in 54 stable hypercapnic COPD patients without concomitant sleep apnoea or morbid obesity. Lung function assessment, anthropomorphic measurements, and polysomnography with ABG measurement before and after sleep were conducted in all patients. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (<i>P</i><sub>t,CO<sub>2</sub></sub>) was measured in sleep, using simultaneous arterial carbon dioxide tension (<i>P</i><sub>a,CO<sub>2</sub></sub>) for <i>in vivo</i> calibration and to correct for drift in the sensor. Of the patients, 43% spent ≥20% of sleep time with <i>P</i><sub>t,CO<sub>2</sub></sub> &gt;1.33 kPa (10 mmHg) above waking baseline. Severity of SH was best predicted by a combination of baseline <i>P</i><sub>a,CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, body mass index and per cent rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. REM-related hypoventilation correlated significantly with severity of inspiratory flow limitation in REM, and with apnoea/hypopnoea index. <i>P</i><sub>a,CO<sub>2</sub></sub> increased mean±sd 0.70±0.65 kPa (5.29±4.92 mmHg) from night to morning, and this change was highly significant. The change in <i>P</i><sub>a,CO<sub>2</sub></sub> was strongly correlated with severity of SH. Sleep hypoventilation is common in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and related to baseline arterial carbon dioxide tension, body mass index and indices of upper airway obstruction. Sleep hypoventilation is associated with significant increases in arterial carbon dioxide tension night-to-morning, and may contribute to long-term elevations in arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Problems in the Diagnosis of Angina Pectoris.
Authors: W. H. Resnik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Problems in the Diagnosis of Angina Pectoris.W. H. Resnik, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. H. Resnik, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1039_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the majority of cases the diagnosis of angina pectoris is simple, for the clinical picture corresponds closely with that described by Heberden in his classic article. The more puzzling cases fall into two categories. In the first, the difficulty comes from the inability or failure, be it conscious or unconscious, of the patient to describe his symptoms accurately. In the second are included those instances of angina pectoris in which the symptoms are truly atypical, either because of an unusual quality or location or reference of pain, or because the pain is unrelated to exertion. The appearance of pain... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1039-1039KeywordsAnginaFalls Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
GANGRENE IN THE NOSE COMPLICATING DIABETES
Authors: CHESTER H. BOWERS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The purpose of this brief report is to call attention to a condition of gangrene in the nose in young children complicating diabetes. In a review of the literature and of the standard textbooks of medicine and of diseases of the nose, no mention was found of gangrene of the nasal septum and only two cases of gangrene in young subjects. One was the case of a girl, aged 19, in whom gangrene developed after a needle operation for cataract; sloughing and gangrene of the orbital tissue developed, and was followed by death from diabetic coma. The other case was that of gangrene of the lung in a child, aged 8 months. No case of gangrene of the nose was discovered, but Sturges, in 1892, reported a gangrene of the lip in a diabetic patient, aged 64: The patient thought he had a cold sore; the right upper lip became
Erythrocytes in Hb SC disease are microcytic and hyperchromic
Authors: Samir K. Ballas, William Kocher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We have used the new Technicon H.1 Hematology Analyzer to determine the indices of erythrocytes obtained from 18 nonthalassemic (αα/αα genotype) adult patients with Hb SC disease. Controls were 14 normal black adults and 29 white adults. The data showed that SC erythrocytes are significantly smaller than normal RBC (P &lt; .001) with a significantly higher MCHC value (P &lt; .001) than controls. These features of SC RBC could not be reproduced by an Ortho ELT‐8 electonic counter. Hb SC erythrocytes have unique indices which are best demonstrated either by semimanual methods or by the H.1 system.
Left-right discrimination in medicine
Authors: C. McManus
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Epidemiological simulations as a method are used to better understand and predict the spreading of infectious diseases, for example of COVID-19. This paper presents an approach that combines person-centric data-driven human mobility modelling with a mechanistic infection model and a person-centric disease progression model. Results show that in Berlin (Germany), behavioral changes of the population mostly happened <i>before</i> the government-initiated so-called contact ban came into effect. Also, the model is used to determine differentiated changes to the reinfection rate for different interventions such as reductions in activity participation, the wearing of masks, or contact tracing followed by quarantine-at-home. One important result is that successful contact tracing reduces the reinfection rate by about 30 to 40%, and that if contact tracing becomes overwhelmed then infection rates immediately jump up accordingly, making rather strong lockdown measures necessary to bring the reinfection rate back to below one.
Managing high-risk CLL during transition to a new treatment era: stem cell transplantation or novel agents?
Authors: Peter Dreger, Johannes Schetelig, Niels Andersen, Paolo Corradini, Michel van Gelder, John Gribben, Eva Kimby, Mauricette Michallet, Carol Moreno, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Emili Montserrat
Journal: Blood (2014)
Role of the Vagus Nerves in the Cardiovascular Changes Induced by Coronary Occlusion
Authors: PETER B. CORR, RICHARD A. GILLIS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The importance of vagus nerves to the heart rate, contractile force, blood pressure, and incidence of fatal arrhythmias produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was studied in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Occlusion performed in 20 animals with intact vagus nerves produced significant decreases in heart rate (23 ± 5.3 beats/min), contractile force (23 ± 6.6%), and blood pressure (20 ± 2.7 mm Hg). Time to onset of arrhythmias was 2.6 ± 0.4 minutes and death due to ventricular fibrillation occurred in four of 20 animals. Occlusion performed in 20 animals with bilateral vagotomy and 20 animals with intact vagus nerves but pretreated with atropine did not decrease heart rate and resulted in significantly more deaths. Time to onset of the arrhythmia was significantly less in both cases. Occlusion produced the usual decrease in contractile force and blood pressure. In addition, a delayed (i.e., after sinus rhythm was restored) decrease in blood pressure and contractile force occurred in animals with vagus nerves sectioned. Pacing hearts of animals with intact and functional vagus nerves to rates comparable to those seen in vagotomized and atropinized cats resulted in a mortality rate identical to that seen in controls. On the other hand, time to onset of the arrhythmia was significantly less than controls and equivalent to the onset times of the vagotomized and atropinized groups. These results suggest that 1) efferent vagus nerves mediate sinus bradyeardia that occurs after coronary occlusion, 2) presence of efferent vagus tone per se reduces the incidence of death, 3) rate effect of efferent vagal tone increases the time to onset of arrhythmias, and 4) presence of afferent vagal tone counteracts the late decline in arterial pressure and contractile force.
Effect of chagasic sera on the rat isolated atrial preparation: immunological, morphological and functional aspects
Authors: L. STERIN-BORDA, P. M. COSSIO, M. F. GIMENO, A. L. GIMENO, C. DIEZ, R. P. LAGUENS, P. C. MECKERT, R. M. ARANA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

An antibody reacting with the plasma membrane of working myocardial cells, skeletal muscle fibres, and endothelial cells (EVI antibody) has been described in the sera of patients with Chagas' disease. In the present study of rat isolated atrial preparations beating in ddifferent media, direct immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunohistochemical procedures indicate that the antibody can interact with the living tissue, becoming fixed to the plasma membranes. Transmission electronmicroscopy studies also showed the presence of sarcolemmal alterations. These observations suggest a possible pathogenic effect of the EVI antibody. The presence of EVI-positive sera in the beating medium leads to a significant increase in the frequency of contractions; no significant effects of EVI-positive sera in contractile force were seen. The increase in frequency could be prevented by previous treatment with a b-adrenergic blocking agent (MJ-1999), but not by an x-blocker (phentolamine) or by an anti-histamine compound (cyproheptadine). The changes described were observed only in those atrial preparations which were beating in media containing EVI-positive sera. In those atria beating in control media (KR,KR plus normal human serum, KR plus EVI-negative chagasic serum), neither immunological nor morphological or functional changes wersence of EVI-positive chagasic serum diminished atrial stimulation after added norepinephrine. These results suggest the possibility that the EVI antibody may act as a b-adrenergic agonist at the cell plasma membrane level. Such an effect might account for some of the clinical features of chronic Chagas' heart disease.