tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gestation at delivery and outcome in CDH infants following fetoscopic tracheal occlusion
Authors: Kamal Ali, Dionysios Grigoratos, Victoria Cornelius, Kypros Nicolaides, Mark Davenport, Anne Greenough
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) suffer substantial morbidity and mortality. In non-randomised studies, fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) has improved survival, but is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery.   Aims : To determine the mortality and morbidity of CDH infants who had undergone FETO and if this was adversely influenced by delivery prior to 35 weeks gestational age (GA).   Methods : The outcome of all CDH infants born at King9s College Hospital who had undergone FETO during 2004 to 2009 were reviewed. Their lung to head ratios (LHR) pre and post FETO were recorded. Short-term outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation, use of high frequency oscillation (HFO) or inhaled nitric oxide therapy (iNO). Long term outcomes included: respiratory gastrointestinal, neurological, surgical and musculoskeletal problems.   Results:  Sixty one infants were born during the study period. The 33 infants who were born    Conclusion : CDH infants who have undergone FETO have greater mortality and morbidity if born
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Amino Acid Epitopes
Authors: MILTON D. ROSSMAN, JOSE STUBBS, CHUNG WHA LEE, ELIAS ARGYRIS, ELENI MAGIRA, DIMITRI MONOS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a hypersensitivity granulomatosis characterized by beryllium hypersensitivity (BH) and mediated by CD4+ T cells. However, all individuals with BH may not develop CBD. To examine the role of the three different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II isotypes in BH with (CBD) and without clinical disease (BHWCD), we performed DNA-based typing of HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 loci on 55 subjects with BH (25 with established CBD and 30 with BHWCD), and compared this with the results for 82 beryllium-exposed workers with no evidence of BH. The allele distribution was utilized to identify candidate amino acid epitopes that differed between the study groups. HLA-DPB1-E69 was the most important marker for BH, and did not differentiate BHWCD from CBD. A significant association with CBD was observed with HLA-DQB1-G86 (pcorr < 0.04), and HLA-DRB1-S11 was significantly increased in CBD as compared with BHWCD (p < 0.03). These observations suggest that HLA-DPB1-E69 is a marker for susceptibility to BH and not just a progression marker for CBD. In addition, HLA amino acid epitopes on HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1, in concert with or independently of HLA-DPB1-E69, may be associated with progression to CBD.
Specific Prophylactic Measures in Varicella and Measles
Authors: Jean V. Cooke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 December 1928Specific Prophylactic Measures in Varicella and MeaslesJEAN V. COOKE, M.D.JEAN V. COOKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-6-518 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEffective specific protection against communicable disease has been developed in smallpox, diphtheria and typhoid fever, in each case based upon different immunologic principles. In other common infections, efforts along similar lines have resulted in far less regular results. In some, although some reports are distinctly favorable, the lack of constant effectiveness has prevented the general use of such methods as have been advised; in others, there are practical difficulties in applying the protective therapy. Under certain conditions, however, the results of a given specific infection are of such known severity, that one is eager to use any prophylactic measure which...Bibliography V. BARABAS Z: Jahrb. f. Kinderh, 1925, cvii:343. Google Scholar BLACKFANPETERSONCONROY KDMFFC: Ohio State Med. J., 1923, xix:97. Google Scholar GREENTHAL RM: Am. J. Dis. Child., 1927, xxxi:111. Google Scholar HANDRICK E: Monatschr. f. Kinderh., 1914, xiii:242. Google Scholar HESSUNGER AFLJ: Am. J. Dis. Child., 1918, xvi:34. Google Scholar HOTZEN A: Monatschr. f. Kinderh., 1919, xv:576. Google Scholar KLING CA: Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, l:2083. Google Scholar MEYER-STROMFELDT G: Monatschr. f. Kinderh., 1927, xxxv:111. Google Scholar MICHAEL M: Arch. Pediat., 1917, xxxiv:702. Google Scholar MITCHELLRAVENEL AGSF: Arch. Pediat., 1925, xlii:709. Google Scholar NICOLLECONSEIL CE: Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de. Par., 1918, xlii:337. Google Scholar RABINOFF S: Arch. Pediat., 115, xxxii:651.. Google Scholar SCHMIDT W: Med. Klin., 1924, xx:642. Google Scholar WEECH AA: J. A. M. A., 1924, lxxxii:1245. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis*From the Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital.†Read before the American College of Physicians, New Orleans Clinical Week, March 7, 1928. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCelebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive—Measles and Vaccination Deborah Cotton Metrics Cited byCelebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive—Measles and VaccinationDeborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor 1 December 1928Volume 2, Issue 6Page: 518-523KeywordsChildrenDiphtheriaHospital medicinePediatricsTyphoid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Kinetics of Nornicotine and Anabasine Nitrosation in Relation to N ′-Nitrosonornicotine Occurrence in Tobacco and to Tobacco-Induced Cancer 2
Authors: Sidney S. Mirvish, James Sams, Stephen S. Hecht
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The kinetics of nornicotine and anabasine nitrosation, studied in aqueous solution, obeyed equations typical for the nitrosation of aliphatic secondary amines, with third-order stoichiometric rate constants of 1.15 (nornicotine) and 0.86 (anabasine) M-2 sec-1. The similarity of the two rate constants suggested that the nitrosonornicotine occurring in tobacco arises from nicotine rather than nornicotine, because tobacco contains anabasine but apparently does not contain nitrosoanabasine. The high rate constants suggested that in vivo nitrosation of these secondary amines may constitute a hazard to tobacco smokers and chewers, in addition to that presented by preformed nitrosonornicotine.
Latest developments in allergic rhinitis in Allergy for clinicians and researchers
Authors: C. L. Ng, D. Y. Wang
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Research efforts in allergic rhinitis have always been intense. Over the past 3 years, numerous breakthroughs in basic science and clinical research have been made, augmenting our understanding of this condition that afflicts a significant proportion of the global population. New epidemiological findings, novel insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergy, enhancement of current developmental theories, new concepts of the goals and endpoints of management, and latest therapeutic modalities that includes the harnessing of information technology and big data are some areas where important advances were made. We attempt to bring you a summary of the key research advances made in the field of allergic rhinitis from 2013 to 2015.
Does small-airways dysfunction predispose to greater perceived respiratory symptoms during bronchoconstriction in asthma?
Authors: Li Hong-Lin, Hong Ping Zhang, Bing Miao Liang, Gang Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Small-airways dysfunction(SAD) is associated with poor asthma control, but its mechanism is unclear. Our aim was to explore influence of SAD on respiratory symptoms during acute airway narrowing.   Methods : Adult asthma patients with FEV 1 %≥80% (n=185) were consecutively recruited and followed by methacholine provocation test. Lung function (FEV 1 ; MMEF and RV), ACQ, and AQLQ at baseline were assessed. Dyspnea intensity (Borg scale), qualitative descriptors of breathlessness and other respiratory symptoms (visual analogue scales, VAS) were measured at baseline and after provocation.   Results:  These patients were divided into four groups: MMEF≥65% and RV≥125.80% (group A), MMEF≥65% and RV P =0.038). The B (19.6±18.7 and 23.4±18.2) and D (21.4±23.5 and 19.8±23.1) groups experienced greater VAS increase in chest tightness and cough than the A (9.9±14.4 and 12.8±21.9) and C (14.4±24.7 and 13.4±17.8) groups after provocation. Furthermore, the C and D groups displayed the higher frequency in some descriptors of breathlessness than others. MMEF was related to FEV 1 , Borg score, VAS increase of chest tightness, asthma duration and exacerbations. However, no relationship between MMEF and respiratory symptoms after adjusting for gender, asthma duration, baseline FEV 1  and Borg score, PD 20 , and body mass index was found.   Conclusions : It doesn9t find SAD predisposes to greater respiratory symptoms.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-Vedited by HollanderEric, M.D., ZoharJoseph, M.D., SirovatkaPaul J., M.S., and RegierDarrel A., M.D., M.P.H. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2011, 257 pp., $67.00 (paper).
Authors: Jessica Rasmussen, Sabine Wilhelm
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)
Activity of Docetaxel in Platinum-Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of a Phase II Multicenter Trial
Authors: David R. Gandara, Everett Vokes, Mark Green, Phillip Bonomi, Russell Devore, Robert Comis, David Carbone, Daniel Karp, Chandra Belani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Although several new chemotherapeutic agents are promising as primary therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few have demonstrated activity in platinum-refractory disease. Based on encouraging results reported in two single-institution studies of docetaxel in this setting, we performed a multicenter phase II trial evaluating this novel taxane in previously treated NSCLC patients prospectively categorized by platinum response status.Eighty patients with NSCLC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy received docetaxel at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) intravenously over 1 hour, repeated every 21 days, accompanied by dexamethasone 8 mg orally twice daily for 5 days. Forty-seven patients (59%) were defined as platinum-refractory based on response status to prior therapy.The median number of cycles delivered per patient was four (range, one to 21 cycles). Partial response was observed in 13 (16%) of 80 of patients, with similar response rates in platinum-sensitive and platinum-refractory patients. The median survival time was 7 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 25%. Docetaxel was relatively well tolerated in this previously treated population. Grade IV neutropenia was common in patients (77%) but typically of brief duration. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 11 patients (14%), with no fatal infections. Severe fluid retention was rare (4% of patients).This multicenter phase II trial confirms antitumor activity and encouraging survival with docetaxel therapy in platinum-treated and platinum-refractory NSCLC. To validate these results, a phase III trial randomizing platinum-treated patients to docetaxel or best supportive care is underway.
High COPD assessment test (CAT) score is associated with unscheduled health care utilization
Authors: Fanny W.S. Ko, Christopher K.W. Lai, Tat-on Chan, Jenny C.N. Ngai, Alvin H.M. Tung, Susanna S.S. Ng, David S.C. Hui Hui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: CAT is a simple, short and patient-completed instrument for assessing health-related quality symptom burden in patients with COPD. This study prospectively assessed if CAT score at baseline is associated with unscheduled health care utilizations (UHCU) related to acute exacerbation of COPD over 12 months.  Method: 100(95males) COPD subjects were recruited at their stable state. Baseline demographic data and CAT score were captured. Subjects were followed up every 3 months. The number of exacerbations leading to UHCU to private doctors, emergency department attendance and hospitalizations was recorded prospectively for 12 months.  Results: The mean(SD) age and FEV 1 % predicted normal of the subjects were 75.2(7.9) years and 46.1(19.3)%. The mean CAT and MMRC score were 12.0(8.9) and 2.8(0.8) respectively. There were total 177 UHCU episodes in 1 year. Subjects with CAT score ≥10 had more UHCU than those with CAT score  1 % predicted normal, MMRC and CAT quartiles showed that BMI (OR 0.88, 95%CI0.783-0.996], p=0.43) and MMRC score (OR 2.94, 95%CI 1.36-6.36, p=0.006) were independent predictors of UHCU. Classification of COPD severity according to the 2012 GOLD guideline using to lung function, previous exacerbations and CAT score found that groups A(n=18), B(n=14), C(n=32) and D(n=36) subjects had difference in pattern of UHCU with group D having most UHCU (HR 7.91 for Group D vs A, 95%CI 2.40-26.11, p=0.01).  Conclusion: High CAT score was associated with UHCU.   Supported by GlaxoSmithKline and the Respiratory Research Fund of the Chinese University of Hong Kong .
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Holly Dushkin, Massimo Cristofanilli
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) represents the most virulent form of breast cancer, characterized by involvement of the skin and rapid progression of the disease. Management involves careful coordination of multidisciplinary modalities, including imaging, systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has contributed significantly to improvement in overall survival since the first descriptions of this entity, and has made the role of locoregional therapy, including surgery and radiation, critical to continued improvements in this disease. This article examines the unique epidemiology and pathology of IBC, and reviews the various treatment modalities, noting the significance of a multimodality approach and delineating each of the specific components. Moreover, the current research in IBC is briefly described, which experts hope will further improve systemic therapies.
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in eldery patients
Authors: Nadia Keskes Boudawara, Leila Bousoffara, Raouia Ouaja, Soumaya Bouchareb, Habib Khalil, Mounira Sakka, Jalel Knani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is estimated at 2% to 4 %. Work on OSAHS in the elderly patients are few and their results are conflicting .The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the predictive factors of severity of OSAHS in elderly patients.   Patients and methods:  460 patients were investigated for suspected OSAHS in pulmonology department. We divided the patients in two groups: group 1: patients with age ≥ 65 years-old and group 2 with patients of age    Results:  360 patients with OSAHS were included: 89 patients in the group 1 (58 women and 31 men, mean age 70 ± 4 years) and 271 patients in the group2 (118 men and 153 women). All elderly patients had co-morbidity and OSAHS was severe in 56 % of them. There were no significant differences in clinical symptoms in both groups. The predictive factors associated with a severe OSAHS in elderly patients were respiratory pauses, the Epworth scale and the BMI.   Conclusion:  OSAHS is common in the elderly; the presence of co- morbidity is very common. Despite of advanced age OSHAS may be no more severe in elderly patients.
Pilot evaluation of venlafaxine hydrochloride for the therapy of hot flashes in cancer survivors.
Authors: C L Loprinzi, T M Pisansky, R Fonseca, J A Sloan, K M Zahasky, S K Quella, P J Novotny, T A Rummans, D A Dumesic, E A Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Hot flashes can be a prominent clinical problem for breast cancer survivors and men who undergo androgen-deprivation therapy. Anecdotal information suggested a low dose of a relatively new antidepressant, venlafaxine, could abrogate this clinical problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 28 consecutive assessable patients entered onto a phase II clinical trial. Hot flash data were collected by daily diary questionnaires during a 1-week baseline period and then for 4 weeks, during which time patients received venlafaxine 12.5 mg orally twice daily. RESULTS Fifty-eight percent of patients who completed the study had a greater than 50% reduction in hot flash scores (frequency times severity) during the fourth treatment week as compared with the baseline week. Median weekly hot flash scores were reduced by 55% from baseline during the fourth week of venlafaxine therapy. Therapy was generally well tolerated and appeared to alleviate fatigue, sweating, and trouble sleeping. CONCLUSION Venlafoxine appears to represent an efficacious new method to alleviate hot flashes. Further evaluation of this compound for alleviating hot flashes is indicated.
Dose escalation of paclitaxel with high-dose cyclophosphamide, with analysis of progenitor-cell mobilization and hematologic support of advanced ovarian cancer patients receiving rapidly sequenced high-dose carboplatin/cyclophosphamide courses.
Authors: D Fennelly, J Schneider, D Spriggs, C Bengala, T Hakes, L Reich, R Barakat, J Curtin, M A Moore, W Hoskins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE We commenced a phase I study of escalating dose Taxol (paclitaxel; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT) in addition to cyclophosphamide, to assess its impact on both antitumor efficacy and mobilization of peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Induction therapy consisted of two cycles of cyclophosphamide 3.0 g/m2 plus escalating-dose Taxol (dose levels I to IV, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/m2, respectively) in cohorts of three, plus filgrastim granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) and leukaphereses to harvest PBP, followed by four courses of rapidly cycled carboplatin and cyclophosphamide (1,000 and 1,500 mg/m2 per course, respectively), for which hematopoietic rescue was achieved with PBP. RESULTS Sixteen patients completed all planned cycles of Taxol/cyclophosphamide. Fifty-four cycles of carboplatin/cyclophosphamide were given and rescued with PBP. The median interval between treatments for Taxol/cyclophosphamide courses was 14 days (range, 13 to 21). Twelve patients completed all planned cycles of carboplatin/cyclophosphamide. The median inter-treatment interval for carboplatin/cyclophosphamide courses when rescue was achieved with Taxol/cyclophosphamide-primed PBP was 17 days (range, 14 to 25). The median number of days to recovery of an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 0.5 was 8 (range, 5 to 12), and of self-sustaining platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L, 11 (range, 8 to 15). There was one episode of fatal sepsis. Of 13 patients assessable for response, there were five patients with pathologic complete responses (38.5%), six patients with microscopic residual disease (46%), and two patients with pathologic partial responses, for an overall response rate of 100%. CONCLUSION The addition of escalating-dose Taxol to high-dose cyclophosphamide does not compromise PBP mobilization. The use of PBP mobilized in this fashion provides reliable engraftment after sequential administration of high-dose carboplatin/cyclophosphamide. Toxicities produced with this approach are manageable. The response rates demonstrated are promising and warrant further evaluation.
Chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary pathology in children with different connective tissue disorders (CTD) phenotypes
Authors: Zoia Nesterenko, Anna Dobrokhotova, Svetlana Zaitseva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Changes in clinical symptoms of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases (COBPD) with high prevalence of CTD in children emphasize need for study of this phenomenon.   Aim:  to study clinical features of COBPD in patients with CTD phenotypes.   Materials:  37 children aged 7-18yrs with COBPD and CTD phenotypes: unclassifiable (UP)(n=20), Ehlers-Danlos-like (EDLP)(n=15), Marfan-like (MLP)(n=2)- were observed. Asthma (A) was diagnosed in 32(86.5%), congenital bronchial abnormalities (CBA) - in 5(13.5%) patients.   Results:  All children with UP had A, associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) in 10(50%) patients, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 5(25%) patients. 2(10%) patients with A and CAP had AR. In patients with EDLP A was diagnosed in 12(80%) patients, in 4(33.3%) of them - with AR, in 5(41.7%) – with CAP, in 3(25%) – with association AR and CAP. All patients with MLP had CBA. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was in 5(25%) patients with A and UP. 3(15%) patients with A, UP and PH had pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Moderate A was diagnosed in all patients with EDLP, with PH in 7(58.3%) and PF in 4(33.3%) of them. Emphysematous bullae (EB) were detected on CT scans in 3(25%) patients with EDLP, A, PH and PF. CBA in patients with EDLP and MLP were with PH, PF, and with EB in all patients with MLP.   Conclusions:   1. Close relationship between severity of A and CTD is revealed.  2. Severity of CBA manifestations in patients with MLP and EDLP depends on CTD severity.  3. Development of complications (PH, PF) in children with A, EDLP and MLP is 2 times more often than in children with UP.  4. It is advisable to consider A associated with AR, CAP and CTD as the clinical phenotypes of A.
Behavioral Epigenetics of Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Livio Provenzi, Serena Barello
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

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