tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Present Status of the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Donald A. Dupler
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Most hypertension can be controlled if treatment is begun early and continued on a long-term basis. Forty-nine patients with blood pressures of 170/100 mm. Hg or greater were studied. All received reserpine; 39 who failed to exhibit an adequate response had hydrochlorothiazide added. Ten patients who did not respond to this combination were given hydralazine in addition; three had an excellent response, five good, one fair, and one none. No significant side-effects were caused by reserpine. Reactions to hydrochlorothiazide included nausea, lightheadedness, and mild skin rash. One patient had skin rash, joint pain, and an elevated blood urea nitrogen level due to hydralazine, which had to be discontinued. Patients who do not respond to this combination of drugs may improve with the use of ganglionic blocking agents or guanidine sulfate. Experience with the latter is too small to warrant evaluation.
Electrocardiography and Vectorcardiography: Instrumentation, Fundamentals, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Massimo Calabresi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As stated in the preface, four introductory chapters present fundamental principles of physics and cellular physiology, necessary for a noncatechismal reading of clinical electrocardiograms. Although sometimes too elementary, sometimes too concise, the text is generally clear and adequate. The author properly states that only leads from remote electrode sites can be used in vector analysis; the spatial instantaneous and mean vectors are, however, derived from the 12 leads in common use.  The major part of the book deals with the normal electrocardiogram, and with the major abnormalities of contour and their causes. The excellent discussion of the normal ECG and of the range of normal variations emphasizes the need of a radical revision of commonly used criteria. The value of serial ECGs and of changes per se not abnormal, as clues of otherwise silent cardiac disease, is properly stressed. This reviewer agrees with the suggestion that electrocardiographic changes in hypertrophy
INACTIVATION OF ENDOTOXIN BY A HUMORAL COMPONENT. VI. TWO SEPARATE SYSTEMS REQUIRED FOR VIABLE AND KILLED SALMONELLA TYPHOSA
Authors: Maurice Landy, Robert-John Trapani, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The blood of mammalian species contains a com- ponent which inactivates endotoxins in vitro (1).This endotoxin-detoxifying component (EDC) is identified by attributes which distinguish it from other substances in blood of known biologic ac- tivity (2, 3).Following appropriate interaction in vitro with this component, endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria are so altered that they no longer elicit such characteristic host reactions as the production of antibody (4), tumor damage, local skin reactivity and fatal shock.Bacterial endotoxins elicit the same host reactions which are evoked by the intact gram-negative bacilli from which they are isolated (5).It was therefore ex- pected that the endotoxin in its native state on the bacterial surface would also be susceptible to inactivation by an agent with the distinctive prop- erties of EDC.This communication records the results of ex- periments which show that, by appropriate inter- action in vitro with serum, it is possible to eliminate characteristic host-reactive properties of a typical gram-negative species.In the course of these studies with Salmonella typhosa, EDC was found to inactivate the endotoxin of bacilli which had been killed by heat or by chemical means, but not that in viable organisms; however, in the latter the endotoxin was inactivated by the serum bac- tericidal system consisting of antibody and complement.It is thus evident that two humoral mechanisms can function to inactivate the endotoxic properties of intact gram-negative bacilli. MATERIALS AND METHODSCollection of serum.Pooled serum specimens were pre- pared from the blood (10 or more individual donors) of mice, guinea pigs and rats.In some experiments hu- man serum, pooled from 100 or more individuals, was employed.In other instances, animal and human serum samples were individual specimens.All serum samples * Present address: Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.were stored at -20°C in sealed glass ampoules.Plasma was obtained from blood collected in heparin, sodium citrate or ACD solution,' and by passage of blood through a Fenwal ion exchange pack; the latter is referred to as "resin-treated" plasma.Preparation of complemnent reagentts.The reagents
Cattleya Orchid and Three Brazilian Hummingbirds
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
346 THE HAZARDS OF TRANSAMINASE ALT VALUE AS A MARKER OF LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION: A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS USING VALIDATED BIOMARKER FIBROTEST®
Authors: T. Poynard, M. Munteanu, O. Deckmyn, Y. Ngo, F. Drane, J.M. Castille, C. Housset, V. Ratziu, F. Imbert-Bismut
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Antibodies Against Bovine Albumin and Other Diabetes Markers in French Children
Authors: Claire Lévy-Marchal, Jukka Karjalainen, Frédéric Dubois, Wolfram Karges, Paul Czernichow, Hans-Michael Dosch
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Findings in epidemiology and animal experimentation suggest that autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be triggered by dietary cow-milk protein, particularly bovine serum albumin (BSA). Elevated IgG anti-BSA antibodies were found in children from Finland with newly onset diabetes; Finland has the highest incidence of diabetes and cow's milk consumption in the world. We now analyze BSA serology and other diabetes markers in school-age children from France, where diabetes incidence and cow's milk consumption are low. RESEARCH DESIGN Sera were obtained from three groups: newly diagnosed diabetic (n = 43), islet cell antibody-positive (ICA+) nondiabetic (n = 98), and ICA− healthy control children (n = 267). IgG anti-BSA antibody levels were measured blindly using particle concentration fluoroimmunoassays and analyzed in comparison with ICA titers and human leukocyte antigen-DQB genotypes. RESULTS There were highly significant differences in BSA antibody levels between all three groups (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Diabetic patients had elevated anti-BSA levels in 74.4% of cases, compared with 5.5% of control children. In the group of ICA+ non-diabetic children, 20% were anti-BSA-positive. Neither ICA nor BSA antibody titers were significantly related to DQB genotype or sex. ICA titers (≥4 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units) were present in 84% of diabetic children. Two-thirds of diabetic children were positive for both ICA and anti-BSA antibodies, and none were negative for both markers. CONCLUSIONS Elevated IgG anti-BSA levels are associated with IDDM in the low-incidence French population. In newly diagnosed diabetic children, these antibodies have similar specificity (95 vs. 98%) and slightly lower sensitivity for IDDM than ICA (74.4 vs. 83.7%). Our results may support an immunological role of BSA in diabetic autoimmunity.
Thrombosis Detection: Fibrinogen Counting and Radionuclide Venography
Authors: GERALD L. DeNARDO, SALLY J. DeNARDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease is of epidemic proportions and clinical manifestations are clearly documented to be neither sensitive nor specific. Whereas contrast venograms are a suitable reference standard, less invasive procedures are necessary for the clinical management of patients. I-125 FUT is currently the preferred procedure for epidemiological studies and measurement of the efficacy of treatment. It is also suitable for documentation of suspected venous thrombosis in the lower leg and calves. Radionuclide venography, when combined with pulmonary scintigraphy, is useful in the definition of venous thromboembolism. In view of the fact that either the pulmonary emboli or the thrombotic origins may be clinically silent, it is particularly attractive when there is a strong suspicion of either one. It may also be used to document venous thrombosis when that condition is suspected on clinical or other grounds except when calf disease is the only clinical manifestation. Despite the limitations of both of these procedures, they correlate remarkably well with the results of contrast venography and are suitable for routine use.
Exposure to pesticides and cryptorchidism: geographical evidence of a possible association.
Authors: J García-Rodríguez, M García-Martín, M Nogueras-Ocaña, J de Dios Luna-del-Castillo, M Espigares García, N Olea, P Lardelli-Claret
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Synthetic hormone-disrupting chemicals may play a role in the increased frequency of cryptorchidism observed in some studies. We used a spatial ecological design to search for variations in orchidopexy rates in the province of Granada in Spain and to search for relationships between these differences and geographical variations in exposure to pesticides. Orchidopexy rates were estimated for the period from 1980 to 1991 in all municipalities and health care districts served by the University of Granada Hospital. A random sample of males of the same age (1-16 years) admitted for any reason during the same period was used to estimate inpatient control rates. Each municipality was assigned to one of four levels of pesticide use. We used Poisson homogeneity tests to detect significant differences in rates of orchidopexy between districts and between levels of pesticide use. Poisson and logistic regression models were also used to estimate the strength of association between orchidopexy and level of pesticide use. Orchidopexy rates tended to be higher in districts near the Mediterranean coast where intensive farming is widespread. The city of Granada, where the reference hospital is located, also had higher figures both for orchidopexy and inpatient control rates. Regression models showed that the strength of association between orchidopexy and level of pesticide use tended to increase with higher levels of use, with the exception of level 0 (mainly in the city of Granada). Our results are compatible with a hypothetical association between exposure to hormone-disruptive chemicals and the induction of cryptorchidism. Several methodological limitations in the design make it necessary to evaluate the results with caution.
Urinary tract infections treated with single dose of short-acting sulphonamide.
Authors: G Kallenius, J Winberg
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a prospective study 29 patients with urinary tract infections caused by sulphonamide-sensitive organisms were treated with a single oral dose of the short-acting sulphonamide sulphafurazole. Twenty-seven (93%) of the 29 patients--and possibly all 29--were cured of their infections. There was no difference in the recurrence rates after single-dose treatment and treatment for 10 days or more. Six out of eight strains of Escherichia coli causing early recurrences were sensitive to sulphonamides. These results suggest that uncomplicated infections may safely and successfully be treated by a single oral dose of a short-acting sulphonamide.
Fluorescence polarization studies of rat intestinal microvillus membranes.
Authors: D Schachter, M Shinitzky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Rat intestinal microvillus membranes and lipid extracts prepared from them have been studied by fluorescence polarization with three lipid-soluble fluorophores: diphenylhexatriene, retinol, and anthroyl-stearate. The degree of fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene, which provides an index of the "microviscosity" of the lipid regions of the membrane, is exceptionally high in microvillus membranes, the highest yet reported in normal biological membranes. Both the membrane proteins and lipids were found to contribute to the high values. With each of the three probes the polarization values are higher in ileal microvillus membranes as compared to membranes from proximal intestinal segments. Temperature-dependence studies of the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and anthroylstearate demonstrate a phase transition in microvillus membranes and in liposomes prepared from their lipid extracts at approximately 26+/-2 degrees C. Ambient pH influences markedly the diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization in microvillus membranes but has little effect on that of human erythrocyte ghost membranes. The "microviscosity" of jejunal microvillus membranes is maximal at pH 6.5-7.0 and decreases as much as 50% at pH 3.0, an effect which depends largely upon the membrane proteins. Addition of calcium ions to suspensions of microvillus membranes increases the fluorescence polarization of retinol and anthroyl-stearate, but not that of diphenyl-hexatriene. This confirms the localization of the last compound to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane, relatively distant from the hydrophilic head groups of the polar lipids. Microvillus membrane proteins solubilized with Triton X-100 give relatively high fluorescence polarization and intensity values with retinol, suggesting the presence of binding proteins which could play a role in the normal absorptive mechanism for the vitamin.
Effects of secretin, pancreozymin, or gastrin on the response of the endocrine pancreas to administration of glucose or arginine in man
Authors: J. Dupre, J. D. Curtis, R. H. Unger, R. W. Waddell, J. C. Beck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Intravenous administration of porcine secretin or pancreozymin or synthetic human gastrin II resulted in raised increments in serum immunoreactive insulin during intravenous infusion of glucose in normal man. Enhancement of serum immunoreactive insulin by each hormone was associated with accelerated disposal of glucose. In response to prolonged intravenous infusion of arginine with pancreozymin there was a maintained rise in immunoreactive insulin and glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the blood. These effects of pancreozymin and arginine were not reproduced with secretin and arginine, and may have been due to the stimulation of glucagon secretion together with insulin by pancreozymin. Enteric infusion of hydrochloric acid, or stimulation of gastric acid secretion by betazole, presumed to cause release of endogenous secretin, led to enhancement of insulin secretion during intravenous infusion of glucose. Enteric infusion of arginine, presumed to cause release of endogenous pancreozymin, led to a rise in serum immunoreactive insulin not attributable to effects of circulating glucose and amino acids. It is concluded that secretin and pancreozymin released in response to physiological stimuli contribute to stimulation of the endocrine pancreas after ingestion of food.
Abstract 2872: Interleukin-18/interleukin-10 Ratio is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paulo V Camargo, Raquel M Roman, Ana Paula W Rossini, Anderson Dedonelli, Steffan F Stella, Carolina Meotti, Thiane Giaretta, Andressa Gasparin, Carisi A Polanczyk
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The balance between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 has been suggested to play a role in atherogenesis and in the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients have a pro-inflammatory profile prior to an acute event. Methods : A case-control study nested in a cohort of stable CAD patients was performed. Patients were consecutively included and blood samples collected at 3-months intervals. Cases were patients who presented any vascular event (death, ACS, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial occlusion and revascularization) and controls were retrieved from a sequential list, in a 1:2 ratio, after 22 ± 9 months of follow-up. Serum hs-CRP, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18 were measured in two serial samples, collected before the events. Results : Among 176 CAD patients, 42 developed a vascular event (cases) and 76 were selected to the control group. Serum levels of IL-18 were significantly higher among cases (411 ± 185 vs. 340 ± 133pg/ml; p = 0.037). Hs-CRP levels (5.4 vs. 5.1mg/l), IL-10 (7.4 vs. 7.2pg/ml), and IL-18/IL-10 ratio (66 vs. 61) were not different between cases and controls in both samples. Cox regression analysis showed that IL-18 levels (HR 1.75 (0.89 –3.5;p = 0.11) and IL-18/IL-10 ratio (HR 1.97; 1.0 –3.8) were predictors of worse prognosis (Figure ). Conclusion: In this study, IL-18 and IL-18/IL-10 ratio were associated with clinical outcomes and support the hypothesis that the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be an important determinant of vascular events in stable CAD patients.
Successful Treatment of Posthypoxic Action Myoclonus With Carbamazepine
Authors: Genjiio Hirose
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A patient had action myoclonus resulting from an episode of acute hypoxia. This incapacitating, abnormal movement disorder has been found highly resistant to treatment with a wide spectrum of drugs, but therapeutic success was achieved after carbamazepine was added to a previously ineffective drug regimen. Although this drug is marketed in the United States exclusively for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, the present report suggests that further trials in cases of action myoclonus are indicated.
Tumours of the Cerebellum, and Phenomena Associated Therewith; with Notes of a Case, and Pathological Specimen
Authors: S. A. K. Strahan
Journal: BMJ (1884)

hi*%ory was 'as follows She had beet cop'fifiii 'October 7tiVt hb6 nifith child.The placenta wis-sTetaiiXd, ' and'.iid':toAtou, a'week subsequently phl'til setin, et thbe right k b - cine enormously swollen.Wheh slie was' admitted to, hospital, the puse was 120, the temperature 102.80.The 'usual remedies wefee p-' ILd; the symptoms became aggravated, hectic supervened, and her life seemed to be in the balance.A large pelvic abscess fobmied, *hich was opened, and continued to discharge for a month.From, thiW thne recovery was rapid and satisfactory; and, at the end of adiser month, the patient left hospital.The point of interest in oaiilection with this case of phlegmasia in the right legiis-that tlhis patiJent was unable to lie on her left side, and, as a mitter of fact- had been on her right side continuously from the time of hert oonfinement.CASE iI.-Mrs.R., aged 32, was admitted on January 4th, 1884, suffering from phlegmasia in the right leg.She had been delivered of hor fourth child seven days previously, had a difficult labour, and con- sidIrable hwmorrhage subsequently.This patient, too, persistently 1at on her right side, owing to some chest-affection.In her case, the syptoms were less aggravated than in the former, and recovery more rapid; but posture in this case, as in the other, suggested the probable cause, and accounted for the limb involved.
Early onset of action of a 5-grass-pollen 300-IR sublingual immunotherapy tablet evaluated in an allergen challenge chamber
Authors: Friedrich Horak, Petra Zieglmayer, René Zieglmayer, Patrick Lemell, Philippe Devillier, Armelle Montagut, Michel Mélac, Sylvie Galvain, Stéphanie Jean-Alphonse, Laurence Van Overtvelt, Philippe Moingeon, Martine Le Gall
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The Deficiencies of the Case Presentation as a Method of Clinical Teaching
Authors: George L. Engel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract The case-presentation method is limited by its lack of attention to the technics of clinical-data collection and its tendency to deal with abstractions rather than with patients. A better approach is to have the student first interview the patient briefly before the group. His technic is discussed, and the data derived therefrom collated. Participants then indicate what diagnostic hypotheses may be generated from this limited material and on what they base their hypotheses. They are then asked to identify additional information from interview, physical examination and laboratory studies required to test the validity of their hypotheses. The student who worked up the patient acts as a resource and supplies this information, but the group may also return to the bedside to show directly how such data may be elicited. The instructor may also demonstrate how he handles limited data and how he works with the patient.
A comprehensive analysis of the CDKN2A gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals genomic deletion, copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity, and association with specific cytogenetic subgroups
Authors: Sarina Sulong, Anthony V. Moorman, Julie A. E. Irving, Jonathan C. Strefford, Zoe J. Konn, Marian C. Case, Lynne Minto, Kerry E. Barber, Helen Parker, Sarah L. Wright, Adam R. M. Stewart, Simon Bailey, Nick P. Bown, Andrew G. Hall, Christine J. Harrison
Journal: Blood (2008)
Timing of Tracheostomy
Authors: Kenneth W. Altman, Albert L. Merati
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal