tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The HLA Complex and Disease
Authors: A. G. Motulsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

It has become an axiom of medical genetics that most genetic diseases are etiologically heterogeneous. Thus, similarly appearing diseases may have different genetic as well as nongenetic causes. The combination of clinical, pathophysiologic, biochemical and genetic approaches (including family studies) has helped to demonstrate heterogeneity in the hemolytic anemias, clotting disorders, immune-deficiency diseases and mucopolysaccharidoses. The article on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in this issue of the Journal provides new data on the usefulness of this approach.Recent years have seen the discovery of the major histocompatibility (HLA) gene complex. Four loci (A, B, C and D) comprise the cell-surface antigens of . . .
Is bigger better for primary care groups and trusts?
Authors: J. Levick
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors must learn to let others treat them and their familiesEditor-My parents, who are 92 and 86 and otherwise in excellent health, are both virtually blind as a result of glaucoma detected too late.It is not their having the condition that saddens me, as they still manage to maintain their independence and constantly push the boundaries of their impairment in order to enjoy life to the full.What is sad is that neither of them can attribute late diagnosis and the attendant complications to social deprivation, poor access to medical care, or any of the factors identified by Fraser et al. 1 Quite the opposite, in fact.My father is a retired general practitioner, a prominent member of the community in which I grew up.The best ophthalmologists in town would have readily investigated and treated him or any of his immediate family free of charge-if they had been asked to do so.The problem is that too many doctors still tend to treat themselves and their families rather than delegate this important responsibility to colleagues.In doing so, they sacrifice objectivity and sentence themselves and their families to a lifetime of well meant, but severely compromised, medical care.My father was no exception.How many doctors are able to separate their personal and professional responsibilities and enter themselves and their families into appropriate health surveillance programmes, so that conditions such as glaucoma are not missed?The alternativeseeing your children die of diseases associated with social deprivation and poor access to medical care-is sobering.
Role of Infection in Mortality from Severe Burns
Authors: Nicholas A. Kefalides, Jose A. Arana, Augusto Bazan, Manuel Bocanegra, Pedro Stastny, Nicholas Velarde, Sanford M. Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN previous publications from the Peru Project by Markley et al.1 the value of large quantities of saline solutions in the treatment of burn shock has been reported. Saline solutions administered in amounts of 15 per cent of body weight in forty-eight hours, largely by mouth, were found as effective as plasma in the treatment of burn shock in adults. However, in young children plasma in addition to saline solution appeared superior to saline solutions alone, as far as both mortality from shock and delayed deaths were concerned.Although modern methods of treatment of shock have reduced the acute mortality . . .
Online conferencing is not the answer
Authors: W. Caan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Forty three cases of psittacosis infection were identified retrospectively over a five year period. The commonest clinical presentation was of a bronchitic illness with a productive cough and features of systemic upset. In 12 (28%) cases no radiographic abnormality was detected on the chest film. Segmental shadowing was the commonest abnormality but lobar and more extensive consolidation occurred. There were no radiographic features that allowed confident differentiation from other causes of pneumonia. The total and differential white cell counts were usually normal and this feature may help to differentiate psittacosis from bacterial pneumonia.
Local Cellular Faults in Inflammation in the Diabetic—Failure of Glycogen Transport.
Authors: John W. Rebuck
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Local Cellular Faults in Inflammation in the Diabetic—Failure of Glycogen Transport.John W. Rebuck, M.D., Ph.D., Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P., F. Robert Neher, M.D., Klaus F. Lang, M.D.John W. Rebuck, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, F. Robert Neher, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Klaus F. Lang, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1060_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe diabetic is allegedly more susceptible to infection than the nondiabetic. We have studied the local cellular reaction to inflammatory stimuli in the diabetic in an attempt to elucidate this problem.Using our skin window technique to study the cellular reaction to stress, we performed 76 test lesions in 37 diabetic patients. Local stimuli included insulin (24 lesions), a suspension of killed Escherichia coli (16 lesions), and diphtheria toxoid (36 lesions). Appropriate control studies have been done. The cellular exudate was stained by the Leishman and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) techniques.Quantitatively, the cellular response in the diabetic did not differ... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1060-1061 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Distribution and sub-cellular localization of drug metabolizing enzymes in the skin
Authors: M.J. FINNEN, M.L. HERDMAN, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The distribution and sub-cellular localization of cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase activity in the skin of adult hairless mice has been investigated using ethoxycoumarin, ethoxyresorufin and benzpyrene as substrates. Highest levels of mono-oxygenase activity per unit area of skin were found in the dermis, both before and after induction with benzanthracene. Subcellularly, mono-oxygenase activity was predominantly microsomal and, prior to induction, located entirely in the smooth microsomal fraction.
Deep Venous Thrombosis on F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Brian D. Sydow, Shyam M. Srinivas, Andrew Newberg, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 74-year-old man was referred for a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan using F-18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) for staging of recently diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma. The patient had a history of a right common femoral deep venous thrombosis that was diagnosed by ultrasound 1 week earlier. The PET scan revealed diffuse soft tissue uptake in the right leg. In addition, there was linear FDG uptake within the wall of the right common femoral and external iliac veins. These findings are a reflection of the inflammation associated with the patient's acute deep venous thrombosis in the right leg.
OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE FEMORAL NECK AND HEAD
Authors: FREMONT A. CHANDLER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The group of nonsporulating anaerobes described in the literature under the names Bacterium necrophorum, Bacillus funduliformis and a number of others has been found in various pathologic conditions in man and animals. These conditions include septicemia, abscesses of the liver, lungs and subcutaneous tissues and inflammations of the joints. In a comparative study by Dack, Dragstedt and McCullough 1 the strains from diseases in man, represented by B. funduliformis, have been shown to present no clearcut differences from the strains reported usually in animal and occasionally in human disease and represented by Bact. necrophorum. Dack and his associates, 2 describing these organisms in their studies of ulcerative colitis, placed them in the genus Bacterium, since they lack a characteristic of the genus Bacillus, the ability to form spores. These workers retained the name Bact. necrophorum on the basis of priority.  The literature on these nonsporulating anaerobes has been reviewed in
Occlusion and Reperfusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery
Authors: Ronan Ryan, David P Brophy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 65-year-old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation was admitted for an elective exchange of an implanted defibrillator for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. To facilitate this procedure, warfarin was withheld for 5 days. Before the procedure was performed, acute-onset right hemiparesis and expressive dysphasia developed. Urgent noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the brain and CT angiography of the intracranial and extracranial arterial circulation confirmed an acute occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery, which was consistent with the presence of an embolus (Panel A, arrow). Ninety-five minutes after the onset of neurologic deficits, the patient was given a bolus . . .
NEED OF EPICARDIAL INSTRUMENTATION TO OPTIMIZE THE ABLATION SITE FOR SINUS NODE MODIFICATION
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, Pasquale Santangeli, Rong Bai, Tami Metz, Prasant Mohanty, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Chintan Trivedi, Justin Price, Salwa Beheiry, Rachel (Xue) Yan, Richard Hongo, Joe Gallinghouse, Rodney Horton, Javier Sanchez, Jason Zagrodzky, John Burkhardt, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
RECLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES)-III COHORT USING NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO
Authors: Neeraj Shah, Nileshkumar Patel, Ankit Rathod, Apurva Badheka, Abhishek Deshmukh, Deepak Asti, Valay Parikh, James Lafferty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
533 RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF TENOFOVIR DF IN ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: K.F. Murray, L. Szenborn, J. Wysocki, S. Rossi, A.C. Corsa, P. Dinh, J.G. McHutchison, P.S. Pang, L.M. Luminos, M. Pawlowska, J. Mizerski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Anti-Adrenal Medullary Antibodies in IDDM Subjects and Subjects at High Risk of Developing IDDM
Authors: Florence M Brown, Masoor Kamalesh, M N Sesh Adri, Steven L Rabinowe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Previous reports have noted the presence of antiadrenomedullary antibodies in subjects with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We initiated a study to evaluate the presence of complement-fixing anti-adrenomedullary antibodies (CF-ADM) in the following subjects: group 1 (age 4–60 yr), anti-islet cell antibody-positive (ICA+) subjects at high risk of developing diabetes, in which 9 (32%) of 28 were positive for CF-ADM; group 2 (age 6–41 yr), anti-ICA negative (ICA−) subjects at high risk of developing diabetes, in which 0 (0%) of 15 were positive for CFADM; group 3 (age 1–58 yr), ICA+ diabetic subjects, in which 7 (30%) of 23 were positive for CF-ADM; group 4 (age 5–68 yr), ICA− diabetic subjects, in which 1 (4%) of 24 was positive for CF-ADM; group 5 (age 20–56 yr), volunteer blood bank donor controls, in which 2 (6%) of 32 were positive for CF-ADM; and group 6, known healthy controls, in which 0 (0%) of 14 were positive for CF-ADM. CF-ADM were increased in group 1 compared with group 2 (P &amp;lt; .02) and both control groups (P &amp;lt; .02). CF-ADM were increased in group 3 compared with group 4 (P &amp;lt; .03) and both control groups (P &amp;lt; .03 vs. group 5, P &amp;lt; .05 vs. group 6). Presence of CF-ADM was associated with presence of ICA in group 1 (P &amp;lt; .02) and group 3 (P &amp;lt; .03). In view of these results, adrenomedullary autoimmunity is emerging as a new member of the human organ-specific autoimmune disorders. It occurs before the development of clinically overt diabetes and is associated with the presence of ICAs. The functional significance of adrenomedullary autoimmunity needs to be evaluated.
Study of duodenal ulcer disease in 100 families using total serum pepsinogen as a genetic marker.
Authors: C M Habibullah, M Mujahid Ali, M Ishaq, R Prasad, B Pratap, Y Saleem
Journal: Gut (1984)

Although various markers have been used in attempts to elucidate the mode of inheritance of duodenal ulcer, they have not significantly contributed to a clear understanding of the problem. In the present study total serum pepsinogen was used as a genetic marker and its concentrations were estimated in 100 ulcer patients and their family members up to three generations. Eighty three per cent of the ulcer patients had hyperpepsinogenaemia on a familial basis, and it followed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Thus a large majority of ulcer patients have associated hyperpepsinogenaemia which forms a genetic basis of their disease. The remaining 17% ulcer patients did not have associated hyperpepsinogenaemia nor was the ulcer inherited by the family. Based on these observations we wish to suggest that duodenal ulcer associated with hyperpepsinogenaemia may be considered a genetic disease. This type may be termed 9primary duodenal ulcer9. In the remaining patients without hyperpepsinogenaemia or affected relatives the ulcer may be called 9secondary duodenal ulcer9. Thus total serum pepsinogen may be considered a reliable genetic marker in helping to delineate the genetic disorder from the non-genetic, thereby improving the predictive ability in duodenal ulcer.
‘Too high a percentage of failures’? Cover-up at the New Hospital for Women
Authors: JF Geddes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

The first generations of women doctors were highly restricted in their career possibilities. Denied access to the examinations of the Royal Colleges in London and Edinburgh, and excluded from appointments in the teaching and district general hospitals in which postgraduate training took place, they were unable to obtain the patronage of senior figures that was essential to any young doctor wishing to forge a successful career. For a lucky few, however, there was an alternative to taking a low-status post such as lecturer in public health and hygiene, or medical officer for women in an institution – namely, to work in one of the women-run hospitals, where they could be assured both of a regular income and of gaining postgraduate experience.1 The New Hospital for Women (NHW), established by Elizabeth Garrett Anderson in 1872, was the largest such hospital, and it was there that the first British woman doctor started to operate – although ironically the quality of her performance, had it been widely known, could have proved a serious setback to the cause of women in medicine.
P196 Cryo-recanalisation via day-case flexible bronchoscopy for central airway obstruction
Authors: B. Ng, U. Oltmanns, C. Hardy, C. Yip, M. Slade
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The use of a flexible cryoprobe to effect bronchial recanalisation inpatients with central airway obstruction (CAO) has previously been described, in patients under general anaesthesia undergoing rigid bronchoscopy (C Schumann <i>et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</i> 2010;<b>139</b>:997–1000). Few data on flexible bronchoscopic cryorecanalization have been published. <h3>Methods</h3> All flexible interventional bronchoscopic procedures were recorded prospectively in adatabase, and data extracted on all procedures in which cryo-recanalisation (Erbokryo, ERBE UK Ltd) was attempted. Data collected included demographics, diagnosis, indication for procedure and site of tracheobronchial abnormality, techniques used, complications and the following data pre- and post-procedure: performance status, FEV<sub>1</sub>, patient location. The procedure duration, defined as the time in minutes between initial bronchoscope insertion and final bronchoscope withdrawal, was recorded in 23 cases. Bronchoscopies were performed in Oxford and Papworth by, or under the direct supervision of, a single operator (MS). <h3>Results</h3> Between May 2006 and July 2010, 54 procedures were performed in 46 patients (13 female, 33male). The median age was 69 (range 24–94). The underlying diagnosis was lung cancer in 39 procedures, endobronchial metastases in 13 and benign disease in 2 (post tracheostomy granulation tissue in 1, thrombus in 1). All patients had CAO affecting a lobar or more proximal bronchus. There was a mean improvement in FEV1 of 0.28L (mean (SD) FEV<sub>1</sub> pre-procedure 1.56L (0.71L), mean (SD) FEV1 post procedure 1.84L (0.80), p=0.001, paired t-test). Median performance status was 1 both before and after the procedure. In 49/54 procedures (91%) the patients were treated as day-cases, and 5/54 (9%) as inpatients. Bleeding complications occurred in two patients. In both cases bleeding of &gt;50 mls occurred, which was controlled using epinephrine via the bronchoscope. The median procedure duration was 20 (range 7–58) min. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Day-case cryorecanalization via flexible bronchoscopy appears to offer effective improvement in lung function in patients with CAO owing to endobronchial lesions. Procedure duration is short, and complication rates appear acceptable. We believe that cryo-recanalisation using flexible cryoprobes deserves more widespread use in centres specialising in interventional bronchoscopy.
A HOSPITAL DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
Authors: FRANK B. GRANGER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Proof is rapidly accumulating that in localities where a properly conducted physical therapeutic clinic has been established there is distinct economic gain to the community at large as a result of the shortening of the time of disability of those industrially incapacitated. Statistics, furnished by companies specializing in industrial compensatory insurance, prove the concrete savings which should accrue. For example, in a recent report issued by the Aetna Life Insurance Company it is stated that the industrial rehabilitation clinic established by them at Syracuse, N. Y., has in fifty-one months, with 474 cases treated, shown a saving of $163,000 over the evaluation of the impartial state board. In arriving at these figures, every expense possible, including not only interest on equipment and depreciation of apparatus but also $15 a week for maintenance of these patients over the compensation allowance, was charged against this clinic.  To a civil hospital a department
Polymicrobial septic arthritis in a patient with Wilson's disease
Authors: A M Oliver
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Septic arthritis should be excluded in patients with new onset inflammatory polyarthritis and a history of organ transplant on immunosuppressive drugs or diabetes. Unusual organisms or polymicrobial joint infection may be present, even in the absence of bacteraemia or abnormal radiographs, and a history of prior infections may provide valuable clues.

A 35 year old white man was seen for pain and swelling in both wrists and the right knee for about three weeks. He was diagnosed with Wilson’s disease at age 23 and underwent orthotopic liver transplant for cirrhosis one year later. Past history included personality disorder, choreiform movements, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 220–330 μmol/l). There were no symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. The drugs he was taking were prednisone 10 mg/day, mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg twice daily, atenolol, and insulin. He had taken cyclosporin until six months previously, but it was discontinued because of worsening renal insufficiency. He had an intrahepatic abscess due to Enterococcus faecalis six months previously, which was treated with drainage and several weeks of intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin …
FUNDAMENTALS OF ASPHYXIA
Authors: YANDELL HENDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Asphyxia is the most frequent and the most important of all pathologic processes. This is true because respiration — the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the production of energy — is the most fundamental process of life. Any disturbance of the circulation, any alteration of the cells of any tissue almost inevitably involves an alteration of the respiratory activity of one or more organs, or of the body as a whole. A large part of all the structural abnormalities that the pathologist studies involve perversions of tissue respiration. This is true, for instance, of cancer cells. There is good evidence, also, that not only such temporary psychic phenomena as unreasonableness in aviators and mountaineers, but even catatonic lethargy and other symptoms of insanity are dependent on impairment of the respiration of the brain.  Evidently asphyxia is something much broader than the acute conditions that are being discussed today.
Extrapulmonic Stenosis of the Pulmonary Veins
Authors: JAY BERNSTEIN, ANTHONY C. NOLKE, JOSEPH O. REED
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A case is reported of a 6-year-old boy who had developed pulmonary hypertension because of obstruction to the pulmonary venous flow by severe stenosis of the pulmonary veins at their junction with the left atrium. The development of collateral circulation through the bronchial vessels led to early, severe hemoptysis. The course was complicated by the development of pulmonary arterial and venous thrombi and hypertensive arteritis.
INCREASED URINARY ADIPONECTIN LEVEL IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PCI
Authors: Junyi Zhang, Yanbin Song, Yan Qu, Kun Lian, Rutao Wang, Lu Sun, Jaekyoung Hong, Xue-Qiao Zhao, Ling Tao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TCT-854 Prognostic value of preinterventional troponin T levels in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR
Authors: Emmanuel Chorianopoulos, Ulrike Krumsdorf, Sven Pleger, Nicolas Geis, Evangelos Giannitsis, Hugo Katus, Raffi Bekeredjian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially produce conduction block at the area of slow conduction in the re-entrant circuit of canine atrial flutter: comparative study of disopyramide, flecainide, and E-4031
Authors: H. Inoue, T. Yamashita, M. Usui, A. Nozaki, T. Sugimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective – The aim was to test whether antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially suppressed conduction in the area of slow conduction in the re-entrant circuit.
First-trimester exposure to rubella
Authors: D. M. Horstmann
Journal: JAMA (1968)

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