tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Comparing Endoscopic and Surgical Therapy for Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: P.  Díte, M.  Ružicka, V.  Zboril, I.  Novotný
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Background and Study Aims: Invasive treatment for abdominal pain due to chronic pancreatitis may be either surgical or endoscopic, particularly in cases of ductal obstruction. To date, the data published on the effectiveness of these two forms of therapy have been mostly retrospective, and there have been no randomized studies. A prospective, randomized study comparing surgery with endoscopy in patients with painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis was therefore conducted. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients with pancreatic duct obstruction and pain were invited to participate in a randomized trial comparing endotherapy and surgery, the latter consisting of resection and drainage procedures, depending on the patient's individual situation. Patients who did not agree to participation and randomization were also further assessed using the same follow-up protocol. Results: Of 140 eligible patients, only 72 agreed to be randomized. Surgery consisted of resection (80 %) and drainage (20 %) procedures, while endotherapy included sphincterotomy and stenting (52 %) and/or stone removal (23 %). In the entire group, the initial success rates were similar for both groups, but at the 5-year follow-up, complete absence of pain was more frequent after surgery (37 % vs. 14 %), with the rate of partial relief being similar (49 % vs. 51 %). In the randomized subgroup, results were similar (pain absence 34 % after surgery vs. 15 % after endotherapy, relief 52 % after surgery vs. 46 % after endotherapy). The increase in body weight was also greater by 20 - 25 % in the surgical group, while new-onset diabetes developed with similar frequency in both groups (34 - 43 %), again with no differences between the results for the whole group and the randomized subgroup. Conclusions: Surgery is superior to endotherapy for long-term pain reduction in patients with painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis. Better selection of patients for endotherapy may be helpful in order to maximize results. Due to its low degree of invasiveness, however, endotherapy can be offered as a first-line treatment, with surgery being performed in case of failure and/or recurrence.
Abstract P393: Relationship of Caffeine Consumption to Blood Pressure: The INTERMAP Study
Authors: Queenie Chan, Ian Brown, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Linda Oude Griep, Linda Van Horn, Martha Daviglus, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Katsuyuki Miura, Liancheng Zhao, Jeremiah Stamler, Paul Elliott
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Caffeine is the most consumed active stimulant. About 80% of adults in the US consumed caffeine from coffee, tea, cola beverages, energy drinks, chocolate and medication. Although caffe...
History of Pharmacy: A Guide and a Survey
Authors: Edward Kremers, George Urdang
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid reconstitution of Epstein-Barr virus–specific T lymphocytes following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Natalie A. Marshall, John Greg Howe, Richard Formica, Diane Krause, John E. Wagner, Nancy Berliner, Jill Crouch, Ingrid Pilip, Dennis Cooper, Bruce R. Blazar, Stuart Seropian, Eric G. Pamer
Journal: Blood (2000)
“Which processes are selection processes?”
Authors: Samir Okasha
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

I argue that population-level selection does not necessarily have to be invoked to explain the polymorphism at the MHC locus. I argue that the authors' attempt to model operant conditioning in Darwinian terms faces a serious problem. Depending on how many operant responses we take to comprise a sequence, different conclusions about whether or not evolution is occurring in an operant lineage will be reached.
The Subtle Power of Compassion
Authors: T Gilewski
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 10244: Apolipoprotein CIII Induces Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-6 Expression via Toll-Like Receptor 2 Pathway in Adipocytes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yasuko Abe, Akio Kawakami, Satoshi Uematsu, Shizuo Akira, Kentaro Shimokado, Frank Sacks, Masayuki Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Mutation in Genes Impacting on the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK Pathway Are Found at High Incidence in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Both Diagnosis and at Relapse.
Authors: Julie Irving, Lynne Minto, Elizabeth Matheson, Marian Case, Simon Bailey, Nick Bown, Rosline Hassan, Christine Harrison, Andrew Hall
Journal: Blood (2006)
A Cutting‐Edge View on the Current State of Antiviral Drug Development
Authors: Erik De Clercq
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2013)

Abstract Prominent in the current stage of antiviral drug development are: (i) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs), the most recent example being Stribild TM ; (ii) for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the pleiade of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) that should be formulated in the most appropriate combinations so as to obtain a cure of the infection; (iii)–(v) new strategies (i.e., AIC316, AIC246, and FV‐100) for the treatment of herpesvirus infections: herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), respectively; (vi) the role of a new tenofovir prodrug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (GS‐7340) for the treatment of HIV infections; (vii) the potential use of poxvirus inhibitors (CMX001 and ST‐246); (viii) the usefulness of new influenza virus inhibitors (peramivir and laninamivir octanoate); (ix) the position of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors [lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)]; and (x) the potential of new compounds such as FGI‐103, FGI‐104, FGI‐106, dUY11, and LJ‐001 for the treatment of filoviruses (i.e., Ebola). Whereas for HIV and HCV therapy is aimed at multiple‐drug combinations, for all other viruses, HSV, CMV, VZV, pox, influenza, HBV, and filoviruses, current strategies are based on the use of single compounds.
Persistent symptoms of hospitalized COPD patients in the palliative phase
Authors: C.M. van Ommeren, W.J.C. van Beurden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Literature shows that COPD will be the third cause of death worldwide and will lead to increasing health costs. Over time a great amount of severe COPD patients will demand different treatment and counseling with special attention for palliative care. Recently a new guideline has been developed in the Netherlands describing the palliative care for COPD patients. This guideline promotes more attention for quality of life, symptom control and psychosocial support. The first step in improving palliative care is measuring patient9s symptoms and impairments.   Aim:  The aim of this study was to measure the incidence of persistent symptoms, fear and depression in admitted COPD patients in the palliative phase.   Methods:  20 COPD patients in the palliative phase admitted to hospital with a COPD exacerbation were included. On day three the CCQ and HADS questionnaire were recorded. The rate of dyspnea, fatigue, fear and depression were scored on day 1 and 7 by means of VAS score (0-10).   Results:  The median HADS score fear was 9,5 (1-19), depression was 7 (4-15). The median CCQ score was 3,5 (2,5-4,7).The median VAS score dyspnea day 1 was 5 (3-10), day 7 was 5 (1-9). The median VAS score fatigue day 1 was 7 (3-9), day 7 was 4,5 (1-10). The median VAS score fear day 1 was 3,5 (0-10), day 7 was 2 (0-10). The median VAS score depression day 1 was 5 (0-10), day 7 was 3 (0-10).   Conclusion:  Fear and depression scores are high among patients with COPD in the palliative phase at admission in hospital and improve only partly during treatment of the exacerbation. There is no improvement in dyspnea score during admission.
bmjlearning.com: The rules
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

“Dear Editor, I read with interest your reworking of my manuscript. Firstly here are a few things that you did well: you checked the spelling thoroughly and you did improve the grammar. Here's what you could have done better: it would have been better if you hadn't completely changed the tone and style and meaning of my sentences. Yours etc.”

Pendleton's rules are rules that help trainers give balanced feedback to trainees.1 The idea is that, when giving feedback, learners and teachers should concentrate on the positive first and then say what they thought could have been done better. If you've done an advanced cardiac life support course in Britain then you'll be familiar with the rules. In the past many trainers were thought to be too destructive in their criticisms, and Pendleton's rules are an attempt to correct this.

But the rules do have their critics. Many say that they add an Alice in Wonderland air to training. I've had a few complaints as an editor and as a clinician, but none of them ever read like the above letter. So why do we encourage doctors to give and receive feedback in a way that they will never experience in real life? It can also be difficult to think of positive things to say to trainees who are still in the low foothills of the learning curve or who, worse still, have turned up to courses without having done any preparatory work. How do you then “accentuate the positive”? Do you say, “Well, at least you turned up”? Perhaps the most annoying thing about the rules is the insistence of some training providers that you must follow them—regardless of the learning style of the learners or the teaching style of the teacher.

Is there an alternative? Silverman et al have described a new way of giving feedback—called agenda-led, outcomes based analysis.2 In this method you start with the learners' agenda and ask them what problems they experienced and what help they would like. Then you look at the outcomes that they are trying to achieve. Next you encourage them to solve the problems and then get the trainer and eventually the whole group involved. Feedback should be descriptive rather than judgmental and should also be balanced and objective.

If you are involved in teaching and learning then you may be interested in finding out more about these concepts. At BMJ Learning we are building up a resource of modules on learning and teaching. You can find out how to run a course, give a lecture, or even give feedback. You can give your views also. If you disagree with Pendleton's rules or with Silverman's ones or would even prefer a return to a 19th century “gloves off” approach to feedback then we are delighted to hear your views and to encourage debate.
505. Effective Transgene Expression in the Murine Lung Using Compacted DNA Nanoparticles Formulated with Plasmid DNAs of 5, 10, and 20 kbp
Authors: Tamara L. Fink, Patrick J. Klepcyk, Sharon M. Oette, Christopher R. Gedeon, Susannah L. Hyatt, Tomasz H. Kowalczyk, Robert C. Moen, Mark J. Cooper
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

One concern of non-viral gene therapies is the potential limitation on the size of the DNA construct used in formulating an effective therapeutic. Some open reading frames, such as the coding sequence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (4.4 kbp), are quite large and, when combined with other required regulatory elements, result in a therapeutic construct of significant size (> 8 kbp). Gene transfer optimization studies are usually performed using reporter gene constructs. Typical reporter genes have much smaller open reading frames (luciferase 1.7 kbp, green fluorescent protein 0.7 kbp) than many therapeutic genes. Therefore, we wanted to determine if our strategies for gene therapy of multiple inherited and acquired diseases will be limited in vivo by the required size of the plasmid DNA payload. To address this aim, we constructed three luciferase reporter plasmids of increasing size—~5, 10, and 20 kbp—using lambda DNA stuffer fragments inserted into the 5 kbp plasmid. These plasmids were compacted to DNA nanoparticles with a 10 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) substituted 30-mer lysine polymer containing either trifluoroacetate or acetate counterions at the time of DNA mixing. As evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, these formulations generate compacted DNA that appears as either ellipsoids or rods, respectively. These formulations were delivered to the lungs of Balb/C mice via the intranasal route, and the lungs were harvested and luciferase activity evaluated 2 days after gene transfer. All DNA nanoparticles tested—~5 kbp to 20 kbp plasmids formulated using PEG-lysine polymers with either counterion—had luciferase reporter activities of ~104 RLU/mg protein/pmol DNA above background. Within each formulation group, the reporter gene activity was equivalent (no statistically significant differences) among all three compacted plasmid DNAs. These results indicate that the size of the plasmid used, up to at least 20 kbp, should not be a limitation for lung gene transfer using this non-viral gene therapy platform.
Programmed cell death and its role in inflammation
Authors: Yong Yang, Gening Jiang, Peng Zhang, Jie Fan
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and removal of invading microbial pathogens as well as the clearance of dying cells. In the past few decades, emerging knowledge on cell death and inflammation has enriched our molecular understanding of the signaling pathways that mediate various programs of cell death and multiple types of inflammatory responses. This review provides an overview of the major types of cell death related to inflammation. Modification of cell death pathways is likely to be a logical therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
A cure for cardiovascular disease?
Authors: A. Rodgers
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Combination treatment has enormous potential, especially in developing countries 

Today's BMJ contains one of the boldest claims for a new intervention—“a greater impact on the prevention of disease in the Western world than any other known intervention.”1 Is it a new magic bullet for cancer or a new gene therapy? No, it is a new strategy to deliver some of our most well known medicines. Wald and Law propose that a single pill containing aspirin, a statin, three blood pressure lowering agents in half dose, and folic acid is provided to people with vascular disease and those aged over 55 years. They synthesise an enormous amount of information (including over 750 trials with 400 000 participants) to estimate that the pill would reduce heart disease and risk of stroke by over 80%, while causing symptoms warranting withdrawal of the pill in one to two per 100 and fatal side effects in less than one in 10 000 users. If this were correct the benefits would substantially outweigh hazards in people with vascular disease (who have more than a one in five chance of a major event over five years without treatment) and many others at higher risk.

Will the benefits be so great? All the components except folic acid have unequivocal evidence of benefits across the board, shown by randomised trials in different groups of patients. Large trials with folic acid are ongoing, and existing evidence is very encouraging. Lowering …
A Textbook of Medicine for Nurses.
Authors: Winifred Hector, J. S. Malpas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

This edition has been prepared in order that important advances in medicine, especially in relation to the blood diseases and disorders of the urinary tract, might be included. Sections have also been added which discuss such diseases as undulant fever and coronary thrombosis. The publication of a new British pharmacopeia has also made it necessary for the authors to rewrite the material on therapeutics and to make adjustments in the doses of various drugs. Throughout the book the nursing aspects of treatment are given especial attention. Nurses, as well as all others whose work requires some knowledge of medicine, should find this work of value.
Interaction of cisplatin with the copper efflux transporter ATP7B
Authors: Roohangiz Safaei, Barrett J. Larson, Shinji Otani, Michael L. Rasmussen, Nicole B. Chung, Stephen B. Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

616 

The participation of copper (Cu) homeostasis mechanism in the regulation of the cellular pharmacology of the platinum (Pt)-containing drugs has been demonstrated in a variety of model systems. Emerging data implicates the two efflux P-type ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B, as mediators of Pt drug resistance. Current evidence suggests that both ATP7A and ATP7B function to sequester cisplatin (DDP) into intracellular vesicles, but neither binding of DDP to ATP7A or ATP7B nor actual transmembrane transport of DDP has yet been demonstrated. We investigated the interaction of DDP with ATP7B in microsomal vesicles from Sf9 cells engineered to express either a wild type ATP7B (WND) or a variant in which the transmembrane transport function was disabled by conversion of cysteine residue on the CPC motif to alanine (CPA). Vesicles expressing equally high levels of WND or CPA were assayed for DDP binding in vitro . After a 5 min exposure to 2 μM DDP and subsequent vigorous washing, the WND and CPA vesicles bound similar amounts of Pt, 24.5 ± 6.0 (SEM) and 18.1 ± 0.7 pmol Pt/mg protein, respectively. These levels were 2.7 and 2.0-fold higher than the amount of Pt bound by control vesicles expressing neither form of ATP7B (9 ± 2.9 pmol Pt/mg protein). Exposure to 2 μM Cu for 5 min increased ATPase activity of the WND-expressing vesicles whereas it did not increase the ATPase activity of the CPA-expressing vesicles at all. Exposure to various concentrations of DDP failed to stimulate ATPase activity and, in fact, reduced it to below background levels. These results suggest that DDP does, in fact, bind to both wild type and ATPase mutant forms of ATP7B but that, unlike Cu, it fails to stimulate the ATPase activity associated with the actual transport of Cu by ATP7B. Prior studies have demonstrated, in several cell types, that increased ATP7B enhances the efflux of DDP. The results of the current study are consistent with the hypothesis that ATP7B accomplishes this by sequestering DDP onto the cytoplasmic surface rather than the interior of vesicles that are then exported from the cell via the secretory pathway.
Assessing the influence of actinic keratosis on patients’ quality of life: the AKQoL questionnaire
Authors: S. Esmann, G.R. Vinding, K.B. Christensen, G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Limited knowledge is available regarding quality of life in patients with actinic keratosis (AK).To develop and validate a disease-specific questionnaire - the Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life questionnaire (AKQoL) - to assess the quality of life of patients with AK.Based on an extensive literature search and patient interviews, the AKQoL was developed in a stepwise approach. An initial mega-questionnaire was composed and subsequently shortened based on statistical differences between patients and controls. A test-retest was done to establish the reliability and to refine the items further. Rasch analyses were performed on the final questionnaire.Initially, 175 items were tested in a mega-questionnaire. The questionnaires were sent out twice and statistical analyses were made, reducing the number of questions to 18 and 10, respectively. Subsequent inter-item correlations showed that one item had only a weak correlation to the rest of the scale. This was confirmed by the Rasch model and by internal consistency as evaluated by Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Only one item was found to provide a small sex difference. A Bland-Altman plot showed excellent reliability. Items are scored on a standard 4-point Likert scale and summarized in a total score of maximum 27 points. A higher score indicates greater quality of life impairment.A nine-item questionnaire for patients with AK was developed. The AKQoL has three domains covering emotions, function and control and one single global item. The questionnaire's scale structure, the content and face validity, and the reliability have been established.
Application of Epigenome‐Modifying Small Molecules in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Junyan Lu, Xiangqian Kong, Cheng Luo, Keqin Kathy Li
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2012)

Abstract Recent breakthroughs in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (i PSC s) using four defined factors have revealed the potential utility of stem cells in biological research and clinical applications. However, the low efficiency and slow kinetics of reprogramming related to producing these cells and underlying safety issues, such as viral integration and genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of i PSC s, hamper the further application of i PSC s in laboratory and clinical settings. Previous studies have suggested that reprogramming efficiency can be enhanced and that reprogramming kinetics can be accelerated by manipulating epigenetic status. Herein, we review recent studies on the application of epigenome‐modifying small molecules in enhancing reprogramming and functionally replacing some reprogramming factors. We mainly focus on studies that have used small molecules to interfere with epigenome‐modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, and histone methyltransferase. The potential use of these small molecules in inducing i PSC s and new ways to identify small molecules of higher potency and fewer side effects are also discussed.