tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Asymmetry of Fusiform and Parahippocampal Gyrus Gray Matter in Schizophrenia: A Postmortem Study
Authors: Brendan McDonald, J. Robin Highley, Mary A. Walker, Brian M. Herron, Stephen J. Cooper, Margaret M. Esiri, Timothy J. Crow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Anomalies of structure and asymmetry of the parahippocampal gyrus (origin of the perforant path input to the hippocampal formation in the medial temporal lobe) have been shown in some postmortem studies of schizophrenia, but previous studies have not included the fusiform gyrus (which may have a role in facial recognition and naming), adjacent to the parahippocampal gyrus on the ventral occipitotemporal surface.The volumes of gray matter in the left and right parahippocampal and fusiform gyri were assessed with a stereological point-counting technique in the temporal lobes from formalin-fixed brains of 27 comparison subjects and 31 patients with schizophrenia. Age was a covariate and gender was a factor in the analysis.In relation to the comparison subjects, the schizophrenic patients (both sexes) had lower volumes of both the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri on the left side. For both structures a left-greater-than-right volume asymmetry was present in the comparison subjects, but this asymmetry was reversed in the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri of the schizophrenic patients. A sex difference was present with respect to age at onset-degree of anomaly of asymmetry for both gyri increased with age at onset in men but not in women.The findings add substance to the view that the sex-related dimension of symmetry/asymmetry is integral to the disease process in schizophrenia and draw attention to the fusiform gyrus as a structure of particular interest in relation to disturbances of identification and naming in psychosis.
First trimester concentrations of pregnancy associated plasma protein A and placental protein 14 in Down's syndrome.
Authors: N. Wald, R. Stone, H. S. Cuckle, J. G. Grudzinskas, G. Barkai, B. Brambati, B. Teisner, W. Fuhrmann
Journal: BMJ (1992)

study more than a third of the abused women had been admitted five times or more. The greater differences in admissions in the ages over 30 might be related to ongoing domestic violence. Several studies indicate that the risk ofbeing the victim of wife beating is most pronounced in the fourth decade of life.' 24 The abused woman, in her exposed and desolate situation, does not always seek medical care for specific somatic diseases.3 The battered wife syndrome consists of somatic, psychosomatic, and psychiatric symptoms, and psychosocial support is an important reason for seeking hospital care.5 Any physician should consider the possibility of ongoing domestic violence when confronted with a female patient lacking other obvious reasons for frequent hospital admissions.
Renal Angiomyolipoma With Cardiac Extension in Patient With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Victor Martins Isac, Mario Renato Silva, Adenalva Lima de Souza Beck, Pedro Rincon Cintra da Cruz, Eduardo Ribeiro Carvalho, Ana Emília Borges de Azevedo, Joalbo Matos Andrade
Journal: Circulation (2011)
HLA antigens and acetylcholine receptor antibodies in penicillamine induced myasthenia gravis.
Authors: M I Garlepp, R L Dawkins, F T Christiansen
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor and HLA antigens have been studied in patients with myasthenia gravis occurring in association with penicillamine treatment.The properties of the antiacetylcholine receptor in these patients differed from those in patients with idiopathic myasthenia gravis in terms of specificity and affinity.These patients had an increased prevalence of HLA Bw35 and DRi compared to controls and a decreased fre- quency of B8 and DR3 compared to patients with idiopathic myasthenia gravis.Likewise, they had a decreased frequency of DR4 compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.These data provide supportive evidence for a role for penicillamine in the induction of myasthenia gravis in genetically predisposed individuals.
We need better ways to create new hypotheses and select those to test
Authors: F. Davidoff
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Judging from the mass of clinical trials being published, the testing of hypotheses is flourishing in biomedicine.1 This isn’t surprising, given the currently dominant hypothetico-deductive paradigm, which has spawned a huge and well funded clinical trial apparatus. It does, however, make the current disrespect for studies that “merely” generate hypotheses all the more puzzling. (One major clinical journal, for example, tells authors who submit such papers that, “We think you picked the wrong journal; [we] rarely if ever publish hypotheses.”) But we need falsifiable hypotheses; without them, what would we do randomised trials on?2 Besides, having many candidate hypotheses increases the chances of discovering the small number of ideas that most effectively explain anomalous observations.3

Medicine’s history of stubborn adherence to inadequate hypotheses about disease aetiology and therapeutic mechanisms undoubtedly contributes to the current caution in embracing new ideas. To make matters worse, the process by which hypotheses are created is mysterious, seemingly far outside rational scientific thought.3 The great philosopher of science Karl Popper threw up his hands on this question, asserting that “there is no such thing as a logical method of having new ideas, or a logical reconstruction of this process . . …
Randomized Placebo-controlled Study Comparing a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist and a Nasal Glucocorticoid in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: TEET PULLERITS, LEA PRAKS, BENGT-ERIC SKOOGH, RAIVO ANI, JAN LÖTVALL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder associated with local leukotriene release during periods of symptoms. Therefore, it has been suggested that antileukotrienes may be beneficial in the treatment of this disease. Leukotriene receptor antagonists have recently become available for asthma treatment, but little is known of their effects on allergic rhinitis. We have evaluated the effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast versus placebo in patients with allergic rhinitis during the grass pollen season, using the nasal glucocorticoid beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as a positive treatment control. Thirty-three patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion randomized to treatments with oral zafirlukast (20 mg twice a day), intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate (200 μ g twice a day), or placebo. The treatment was initiated 3 wk prior to the expected beginning of the grass pollen season. Patients completed a daily symptom-score list for sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itch, and nasal blockage during the 50-d treatment period. Nasal biopsies for quantification of local tissue eosinophilia (immunohistochemistry; EG2) were taken 1 mo before initiation of treatment and immediately after the peak of grass pollen season. Patients receiving treatment with zafirlukast had degrees of nasal symptoms similar to those in the placebo group, whereas the BDP group had significantly less symptoms compared with both treatments (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005, respectively). The numbers of activated eosinophils in the nasal tissue increased significantly during the pollen season in both the zafirlukast and the placebo groups, but not in the BDP group. These results obtained with a limited number of patients do not support any clinical efficacy of regular treatment with an oral antileukotriene in seasonal allergic rhinitis but rather favor the use of a nasal glucocorticoid.
Mr. Dooley and the Practice of Medicine: 1901
Authors: Martin Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The philosophical and entertaining Mr. Dooley, created by the Chicago humorist, Finley Peter Dunne, was one of the most interesting characters in the history of American comedy. Constantly commenting upon some timely topic, Dooley's Irish dialect revealed in wit and sarcasm the foibles of human nature. To some extent, Mr. Dooley was only mouthing the real sentiments of the public, a fact which made his remarks even more pertinent. In 1901,<i>Harper's Weekly Magazine</i>published Mr. Dooley's comments "On the Practice of Medicine" (<b>45</b>:698). In this short and amusing article, Finley Peter Dunne delightfully detailed the effects of the various developments in medical thought, and the popular reaction to the attempt of medicine to move from a rather haphazard art to a well-defined science. Dooley began by telling his friend Hennessey about the Christian Scientists who were beginning to practice medicine around the turn of the century. When a
Adenoviral gene transfer of nitric oxide synthase: High level expression in human vascular cells
Authors: K. M. Channon, M. A. Blazing, G. A. Shetty, K. E. Potts, S. E. George
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generate nitric oxide (NO), a second messenger with key regulatory roles. In the cardiovascular system, deficient endothelial NO production is an early, persistent feature of atherosclerosis and vascular injury. Accordingly, the NOS isoforms represent attractive targets for vascular gene therapy. We aimed to generate and evaluate an adenoviral vector for gene transfer of an NOS isoform to vascular cells.We constructed a recombinant adenovirus, Ad.nNOS, for gene transfer of the neuronal isoform of NOS (nNOS) and characterized its expression in 293 cells, human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). NOS expression was analyzed by Western immunoblotting, and NOS enzyme activity in response to receptor-dependent and receptor-independent agonists was determined by Griess assay or by NO chemiluminescence.Ad.nNOS-infected 293 cells expressed high levels of functional nNOS enzyme, even higher than in 293.NOS cells (a cell line that expresses supraphysiologic levels of nNOS). In hVSMC, nNOS activity reached levels 50% of those seen in 293.NOS cells. nNOS expression and activity in hVSMC increased linearly with titer of Ad.nNOS. NO production in hVSMC was stimulated both by calcium ionophore and by physiologic agonists such as acetylcholine or bradykinin. In HUVEC, endogenous NOS activity was significantly augmented by Ad.nNOS infection. Supplementation with the tetrahydrobiopterin precursor sepiapterin enhanced NOS activity in all cells.Ad.nNOS, a novel adenoviral vector for gene transfer of NOS, generates high-level nNOS expression in a variety of vascular cell types. nNOS activity in hVSMC is physiologically regulated and of a magnitude comparable to native eNOS activity in HUVEC. Our findings demonstrate Ad.nNOS to be a versatile and efficient tool for nNOS gene transfer, with widespread potential applications in cell culture and for gene therapy.
Air pollution responsible for 600 000 premature deaths worldwide
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Pea-souper smog may be a thing of the past in London, but health experts have warned that air pollution is a major burden on the developing world.

Dr Michal Krzyzanowski of the World Health Organization's Centre for Environment and Health told a conference to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the smog that enveloped London at the beginning of December 1952 that there were “striking similarities between developing countries and London 50 years ago.”

The World Health Report 2002, Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life , looked at the impact of urban …
Perforations of the Small Intestine by Ingested Non-metallic Foreign Bodies
Authors: H. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDICALJOALor laryngitis, no conjunctivitis, and no hyperkeratosis; the diagnosis was made on the history, the pigmentation, the increased arsenic content of the hair, and the rapid improvement when the mixture was discontinued.This case serves to emphasize the necessity for considering drug intoxication when any unusual syndrome is encountered.I wish to thank Dr. Mary T.
Endothelin-1 can reduce infarct size through protein kinase C and KATP channels in the isolated rat heart
Authors: E. Bugge, K. Ytrehus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Protection from ischaemic preconditioning (IP) is dependent on activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and preconditionings protection can be mimicked by stimulation of various membrane receptors which are known to activate PKC. It is well known that KATP channel activation is cardioprotective. We tested the hypothesis that preischaemic treatment with endothelin-1 (ET-1) can protect against infarction by a PKC-dependent mechanism and by activating KATP channels.Buffer-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischaemia and 120 min reperfusion. Risk zone was determined by fluorescent particles, and infarct size by TTC staining.Treatment with ET-1 in a dose of 1 nM prior to ischaemia significantly reduced infarct size in % of the risk zone compared to the control group (infarct size: 14.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 41.9 +/- 3.4%), while ET-1 0.1 nM did not protect (infarct size: 40.9 +/- 3%). AS the protective dose of ET-1 resulted in a significant reduction of coronary flow, a control group with a similar preischaemic flow-reduction was included (infarct size: 48.1 +/- 4.2%). Both the nonselective ETA/ETB receptor antagonist bosentan (1 microM) and the ET(A)-receptor-selective antagonist BQ 123 (2 microM) abolished protection from ET-1 (infarct size: 43.3 +/- 3.5 and 41.3 +/- 3.3%, respectively), as did the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (2 microM) (infarct size: 41.1 +/- 5.2%) and the KATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (infarct size: 41.7 +/- 2.9%). None of the ET receptor antagonists bosentan and BQ-123 influenced infarct size alone (infarct size: 42.7 +/- 2.5 and 41.3 +/- 3.3%, respectively). IP, similarly to ET-1, reduced infarct size (infarct size: 6.1 +/- 1.4%), but the nonselective ET receptor antagonist bosentan did not interfere with preconditioning's protection (infarct size: 13.2 +/- 4.3%).ET-1 treatment prior to ischaemia can protect against infarction via ETA receptors by a PKC-dependent mechanism and by activating KATP channels, but ET does not mediate IP in the isolated rat heart.
Structuring Abstracts to Make Them More Informative
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The abstract of a scientific article was, until recently, merely a terse statement summarizing the research question, how the authors had sought to answer it, what they found, and what they concluded. We say "merely" not to imply that abstracts are unimportant or easy to write. Though many articles and, indeed, entire books have been devoted to teaching the scientist how to write them, they still seem to be the hardest part of any article to put together. What, then, is the problem? In the worst cases, when a manuscript arrives atThe Journal, the abstract carries no hint of the author's purpose and so no good reason for the reader to continue. Research methods are scarcely mentioned, details concerning the groups investigated are not given, and quantitative results are not reported. Either there is no conclusion or the conclusion may go way beyond the data presented in the article.
Court approved caesarean section for mentally ill woman because of two previous caesareans
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An Italian woman who was forced to undergo a caesarean section while she was detained under the Mental Health Act on a short visit to the United Kingdom was given a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder by the consultant psychiatrist caring for her, newly released court papers show.1

Alessandra Pacchieri, aged 35, was previously said to have bipolar disorder and to have experienced a panic attack while taking a training course at Stansted airport. But a transcript of the application to the Court of Protection, which authorised the operation, described her as having “a significant mental disorder which is psychotic in nature” and experiencing “psychotic episodes and delusional …
Rapid progress for non-nuclear estrogen receptor signaling
Authors: Michael E. Mendelsohn, Richard H. Karas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Estrogen receptors are best known as ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate vascular cell gene expression. For many years now, a rapid signaling pathway mediated by cell membrane-associated estrogen receptors also has been recognized, but the physiological relevance of this pathway has remained unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Chambliss et al. provide new data to indicate that activation of non-nuclear estrogen receptor signaling regulates processes central to cardiovascular health and disease. These investigators show that an estrogen-dendrimer conjugate (EDC), which activates estrogen receptors but remains non-nuclear, stimulates vascular EC migration in vitro and protects against vascular injury in vivo. They show further that the vascular benefits of EDC in vivo occur selectively in the vasculature, without stimulating the uterus or enhancing growth of breast cancer xenografts. Taken together, these findings indicate that activation of non-nuclear estrogen receptor signaling regulates vascular events of physiological relevance and suggest that translation of these findings into clinically relevant therapeutic interventions is a logical next goal.
Complications of a Medically Complicated Child
Authors: Rani Ghose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Patient19 August 2003Complications of a Medically Complicated ChildRani Ghose, PhDRani Ghose, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail There is a phenomenon in psychology that states that active observerspeople who are involved in an actionhave a great need to predict and control a situation. This couldn't hold more true for me, the mother of a child who is medically complicated. My 20-month-old son is the actor, and I am the active observer. My son doesn't realize how unusual his life is, but I know that running from a meeting to a hospital appointment one or more times each week is not usual for many parents. I yearn to control this chaotic frenzy, but until Sam's health problems are ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bedford, MA 01730.Note: Names have been changed to protect the identities of the patient and the treating physicians.Corresponding Author: Rani Ghose, PhD; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Multidisciplinary Home Visiting Program for Children With Medical ComplexityUtilization of Patient Navigators in an Urban Academic Pediatric Primary Care PracticeCare coordination, medical complexity, and unmet need for prescription medications among children with special health care needsTwo-year mortality, complications, and healthcare use in children with medicaid following tracheostomyMedical foster care: what happens when children with medical complexity cannot be cared for by their families?Trends in Resource Utilization by Children with Neurological Impairment in the United States Inpatient Health Care System: A Repeat Cross-Sectional StudyHealth information management and perceptions of the quality of care for children with tracheotomy: A qualitative study 19 August 2003Volume 139, Issue 4Page: 301-302KeywordsBreathingChildrenConnective tissueGeneticsHealth careMarfan syndromeOrthopedicsPsychologySurgeonsWalking ePublished: 19 August 2003 Issue Published: 19 August 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Behaviour of Apparatus for Oxygen Administration
Authors: D. C. Flenley, D. C. S. Hutchison, K. W. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Widespread recognition of the danger of producing carbondioxide narcosis by oxygen therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure has led to the development of apparatus designed to control the oxygen concentration given to these patients (Barach, 1950; Campbell, 1960a).This paper describes methods of determining the accuracy with which such apparatus controls the inspired-oxygen concentration.In particular, attention is drawn to the Venturi apparatus (Campbell, 1 960b), but an analysis is also given of the behaviour of the Polymask, a blower system and a simple oxygen mask, both of our design.Campbell (1960b) has pointed out that a convenient method of giving oxygen to patients with respiratory failure is to deliver an oxygen-enriched mixture through a loose- fitting mask at a high flow rate.The high-flow principle depends upon this delivery flow exceeding the peak inspiratory flow produced by the patient's breathing, so that all the inspired gas is taken from the apparatus and there is no dilution of the inspired gas by atmospheric air.The inspired-gas concentration can then be controlled inde- pendently of the patient's ventilation.If the respiratory air flow can be regarded as sinusoidal, it can be shown mathematically that the peak inspiratory flow is approximately three times the minute-volume.If the minute- volume is 10 litres per minute, or less, and if the apparatus delivers 30 I./min.or more, then the high-flow principle will apply.The Venturi mask and the blower system are intended to operate on this high-flow principle.
Abstract 2204: Joint analysis of three genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations reveals new susceptibility loci
Authors: Chen Wu, Zhaoming Wang, Xin Song, Xiao-Shan Feng, Christian C. Abnet, Jie He, Nan Hu, Xian-Bo Zuo, Wen Tan, Xue-Jun Zhang, Neal D. Freedman, Alisa M. Goldstein, Dongxin Lin, Philip R. Taylor, Li-Dong Wang, Stephen J. Chanock
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We conducted a joint (pooled) analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in ethnic Chinese (5,337 ESCC cases and 5,787 controls) with 9,654 ESCC cases and 10,058 controls for follow-up. In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, study, and two eigenvectors, two new loci achieved genome-wide significance, marked by rs7447927 at 5q31.2 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.82-0.88; P = 7.72x10-20) and rs1642764 at 17p13.1 (per-allele OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85-0.91; P = 3.10x10-13). rs7447927 is a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TMEM173 and rs1642764 is an intronic SNP in ATP1B2, near TP53. Furthermore, a locus in the HLA class II region at 6p21.32 (rs35597309) achieved genome-wide significance in the two populations at highest risk for ESSC (per-allele OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.22-1.46; P = 1.99x10-10). Our joint analysis revealed new ESCC susceptibility loci overall as well as a new locus unique to the ESCC high risk Taihang Mountain region. Citation Format: Chen Wu, Zhaoming Wang, Xin Song, Xiao-Shan Feng, Christian C. Abnet, Jie He, Nan Hu, Xian-Bo Zuo, Wen Tan, Xue-Jun Zhang, Neal D. Freedman, Alisa M. Goldstein, Dongxin Lin, Philip R. Taylor, Li-Dong Wang, Stephen J. Chanock. Joint analysis of three genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations reveals new susceptibility loci. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2204