tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage From Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Demetrius H. Bagley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

SPONTANEOUS retroperitoneal hemorrhage from the kidney is rare. Although hemorrhage may occur after trauma to a normal kidney, spontaneous rupture of the kidney is usually associated with some underlying structural abnormality and has occurred with infection, hydronephrosis, and benign and malignant tumors. Four patients have been treated for adenocarcinoma of the kidney that presented with spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage. The diagnostic evaluation and treatment of these patients are presented. <h3>Report of Cases</h3> Four patients manifested symptoms prompted by retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal cell carcinomas. Each patient had sudden abdominal or flank pain or the exacerbation of preexisting pain of recent onset develop. There was no history of trauma in any patient. Leukocytosis developed in each case, and fever was present in patients 1 and 2. Patient 3 had a recent episode of phlebitis and was receiving anticoagulation therapy with warfarin sodium. The clinical presentation, radiological studies, treatment, and outcome in each
Disciplining doctors: Authors' reply
Authors: J M Forsythe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is strange that Dr Forsvthe should ask why it takes the secretary of state a vear to determine an appeal under section 190 when the issues are so much weightier.)isciplinary pro- ceedings may arise from a clash of personalities.-Whatever the result of the current deliberations between the DHSS and the Joint Consultants Committee, the lMN6I )112 or similar procedure would lose some of its unf:airness if regional health authorities were stripped of their responsibilitics.if onlv becausc thcv do not tollow the fundamental principles of natural justice in which the accused consultant is told who his accuser is.
Exploring the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Associated Proteome with iTRAQ and Transgenic Mice
Authors: Tristan D. McClure-Begley, Kathy L. Stone, Michael J. Marks, Sharon R. Grady, Christopher M. Colangelo, Jon M. Lindstrom, Marina R. Picciotto
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing α4 and β2 subunits are the principal receptors in the mammalian central nervous system that bind nicotine with high affinity. These nAChRs are involved in nicotine dependence, mood disorders, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. However, our understanding of the interactions between α4β2-containing (α4β2(∗)) nAChRs and other proteins remains limited. In this study, we identified proteins that interact with α4β2(∗) nAChRs in a genedose dependent pattern by immunopurifying β2(∗) nAChRs from mice that differ in α4 and β2 subunit expression and performing proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Reduced expression of either the α4 or the β2 subunit results in a correlated decline in the expression of a number of putative interacting proteins. We identified 208 proteins co-immunoprecipitated with these nAChRs. Furthermore, stratified linear regression analysis indicated that levels of 17 proteins was correlated significantly with expression of α4β2 nAChRs, including proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and calcium signaling. These findings represent the first application of quantitative proteomics to produce a β2(∗) nAChR interactome and describe a novel technique used to discover potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of α4β2 nAChRs and their downstream signaling mechanisms.
Improving the Care of Patients With Regard to Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Emesis: The Effect of Feedback to Clinicians on Adherence to Antiemetic Prescribing Guidelines
Authors: Wilson C. Mertens, Donald J. Higby, David Brown, Regina Parisi, Janice Fitzgerald, Evan M. Benjamin, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To evaluate the effect of performance and outcomes feedback on adherence to clinical practice guidelines regarding chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis (CINE).Institutional CINE clinical practice guidelines were developed based on American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines. Consecutive administrations of moderately/highly emetogenic chemotherapy were assessed for errors. Baseline statistical process control (SPC) charts were created and mean errors per administration were calculated. Prospective SPC charts were used to measure the effect of guideline development and distribution, a visiting lecturer, and ongoing feedback regarding compliance with guidelines employing SPC charts. Patients were surveyed regarding the extent and severity of CINE for 5 days postadministration. These outcomes were then shared with physicians.Baseline compliance was poor (mean, 0.87 omissions per chemotherapy administration), largely because of inadequate adherence to recommendations for delayed CINE management. Most patients experienced delayed nausea, particularly on day 3 postchemotherapy. Physician prescribing performance did not undergo sustained improvement despite guideline development or distribution, a lecture by a visiting expert, or sharing of adherence data with clinicians. Once patient outcomes were shared, physicians accepted the need for compliance and instituted nurse practitioner antiemetic prescribing, with almost complete compliance and concurrent measurable reduction in day 3 nausea. SPC charts documented improvements in both outcomes.SPC charts effectively monitor ongoing compliance and patient symptoms and represent appropriate outcome measurement and change facilitation tools. However, physician participation in guideline development and evidence of poor compliance alone did not improve prescribing performance. Only evidence of patient CINE experience coupled with noncompliance improved results.
Soluble liver antigen: Isolation of a 35-kd recombinant protein (SLA-p35) specifically recognizing sera from patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Martin Volkmann, Lore Martin, Andrea Bäurle, Hans Heid, Christian P. Strassburg, Christian Trautwein, Walter Fiehn, Michael P. Manns
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Autoantibodies to soluble liver antigen (SLA) are considered a specific marker of autoimmune hepatitis. We have performed immunoscreening of a human liver gene expression library with an anti-SLA-positive serum. A reactive clone with a 35-kd open reading frame (ORF) and a 563 base pair (bp) 3' untranslated region (UTR) was isolated (soluble liver antigen [SLA]-p35), showing strong homology to an independently isolated putative SLA/liver-pancreas antigen (LP) sequence (Acc. No. AF146396), and a UGA serine tRNA-protein complex (tRNP)((Ser) Sec) related protein (AJ238617), as well as different expression sequence tag (EST)-clones from lymphatic and oncofetal tissues. Expressed in Escherichia coli, SLA-p35 showed dose-dependent and complete blocking of reactivity to native SLA antigen after preabsorption with the 35-kd recombinant protein. It recognized 67/85 (78.8%) precharacterized anti-SLA-positive sera in dilutions up to 1:40,000 in immunoblot, without detectable cross reactivity in the controls. The commercially available SLA/LP enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by comparison, recognized 63/85 samples (74.1%). Of the negative samples, 18% showed strong inhibition rates (80% and above) in the polyclonal inhibition ELISA. We conlude that the complementary DNA now isolated by 3 independent approaches encodes for the major but not sole antigenic component of soluble liver antigen. Although its truncated form presented here may serve to improve diagnostics based on the new recombinant polypeptide, it currently cannot fully replace the polyclonal inhibition ELISA.
Natural substrates for the reconstruction of skin in vitro
Authors: M. REGNIER, G. PAUTRAT, G. PAULY, M. PRUNIERAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Natural substrates for the reconstruction of skin in vitro Get access M. REGNIER, M. REGNIER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiqucs, Department of Cell Biology, Sophia Aniipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. PAUTRAT, G. PAUTRAT Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiqucs, Department of Cell Biology, Sophia Aniipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. PAULY, G. PAULY Laboratoires Serobiologiques, Nancy, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. PRUNIERAS M. PRUNIERAS Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiqucs, Department of Cell Biology, Sophia Aniipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 223–224, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15609.x Published: 01 July 1984
Natulan (Procarbazine) combined with radiotherapy in management of inoperable malignant melanoma.
Authors: G. Falkson, P. C. de Villiers, H. C. Falkson, T. Fichardt
Journal: BMJ (1965)

the malignant cases multiple metastases were verified at the time of surgery.Homovanillic acid determination was by a modified fluorometric assay (Sato, 1965).As shown in the Table, the only finding of abnormality was a slightly increased homo- vanillic acid in one of the malignant cases.It may certainly be concluded that the absence of elevated homovanillic acid does not rule out the possibility of a malig- nant tumour.Contrariwise, the presence of an increased urinary homovanilhic acid does not necessarily indicate malig- nancy, though available data suggest this finding may be more common in malignant than in benign cases.
Cytogenetics of Fetal Wastage
Authors: Hyon J. Kim, Lillian Y.F. Hsu, Sophie Paciuc, Steluta Cristian, Alicia Quintana, Kurt Hirschhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A consecutive series of 50 couples with a history of fetal wastage were studied cytogenetically with current banding technics. Fetal wastage was defined as occurring in couples who had more than two early abortions, stillbirth(s) or livebirth(s) or both of infants with multiple congenital anomalies. Three women were found to be balanced reciprocal translocation carriers; all translocations were not detectable by the conventional method but were demonstrable by current banding technics. In addition to the translocation carriers, one woman was found to be a mosaic for 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX. Four of the parents showed increased mitotic instability or chromosome breakage and rearrangement, or both. Parental chromosome abnormalities may therefore account for fetal wastage in between 6 and 16 per cent (or about one in 10) of couples having such a history. Such couples, if identified, can potentially benefit by prenatal monitoring of future pregnancies. (N Engl J Med 293:844–847, 1975)
Using antibiotics in suspected haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
Authors: Bob Phillips, Kay Tyerman, Simon M Whiteley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Secondary prevention of heart disease with statins Groups were as different as chalk and cheeseEditor-Wei et al say that the results of their observational study of treatment with statins in routine clinical practice in Tayside are consistent with, and similar to, those reported in clinical trials. 1 This conclusion is hardly justified.A cohort of patients, defined by a discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction between January 1993 and December 2001, was studied to compare the outcomes in those treated with statins and those not receiving these drugs.The data clearly show that the two groups differed substantially in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, and other cardiovascular drug treatment-all of these factors were biased in favour of a poorer outcome in patients not given statins.Furthermore, the two groups belonged to different time periods, most of the untreated patients to the earlier part and most of those given statins to the later part of the study.Given the changes between 1993 and 2001-including, for example, those related to the management of acute myocardial infarction and the criteria for diagnosis-it is only to be expected that the untreated group would have a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.Multivariate analysis was reported as showing that statins reduced all cause mortality by 31% and the composite end point of myocardial infarction plus cardiovascular mortality by 18%.These results should be greeted with scepticism.Firstly, many trials of statins have failed to show any reduction whatsoever in all cause mortality. [2]][4][5] Secondly, as observed in other studies, any reduction in all cause mortality would be expected to be much less than that for composite cardiovascular end points. 2 4 5 The two groups in this study were as different as chalk and cheese.It should come as no surprise, therefore, that the results were anomalous.In such circumstances, no amount of statistical trickery could be expected to furnish anything of value.
Book: Injury Control: A Guide to Research and Program Evaluation
Authors: K. T Palmer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eds Frederick P Rivara, Peter Cummings, Thomas D Koepsell, David C Grossman, Ronald V Maier Cambridge University Press, £65, pp 31 ISBN 0 521 661528 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Evidence based programmes of injury prevention have contributed to a substantial decline in the number of unintentional deaths during the 20th century, but the tools used to assemble the evidence have been borrowed from other disciplines. This textbook aims to draw the strands together, to provide “a comprehensive source of knowledge on all research designs available for injury control and prevention” in one primer. The target readership is thus broad, and includes not only those who practise research—in emergency medicine, orthopaedics, public … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
DIRECT TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGE.PRELIMINARY CLINICAL NOTE.
Authors: GEORGE CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

During the past year a series of seventy-four carefully conducted experiments on the direct transfusion of blood in the treatment of hemorrhage in animals was made by Dr. Dolley and myself, and from these experiments the following conclusions were drawn: Arteries and veins of varying sizes may be readily anastomosed by Carrel's method so as to be impervious to blood and free from clotting; the transference of blood from one animal to another is most definitely accomplished by anastomosing the proximal end of an artery of the donor into the proximal end of the vein of the donee; convenience need be the only consideration in the selection of the vessels to be anastomosed; the blood of one animal may be rapidly transfused to another; the blood of one dog is isontonic with that of another dog; if a dog be bled to the last drop of blood that will flow,
Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man.
Authors: D Robertson, G A Johnson, R M Robertson, A S Nies, D G Shand, J A Oates
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We assessed the release of neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in response to various stimuli of the sympathetic nervous system in normal subjects. Plasma catecholamines and their urinary metabolites, normetanephrine and metanephrine, were measured. Sodium restriction increased supine plasma norepinephrine by 37% and ambulatory plasma norepinephrine by 22%, with urinary normetanephrine excretion increased 29%. The sodium restriction did not elevate plasma epinephrine or urinary metanephrine. The most potent stimuli of norepinephrine were treadmill exercise, orthostasis, caffeine, the cold pressor test, sodium restriction and handgrip exercise, in descending order. Plasma epinephrine was increased by caffeine, treadmill exercise, the cold pressor test, handgrip exercise and the Valsalva maneuver, in that order. Syncope resulted in profound changes in plasma epinephrine but only modest changes in plasma norepinephrine. We conclude that in man, there is frequent dissociation between the effects of different stimuli on neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamine release.
Hand Trembling, Frenzy Witchcraft, and Moth Madness: A Study of Navajo Seizure Disorders
Authors: Christian Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The various tremulous and dissociative disorders have fascinated human societies and labeled individuals within these societies for eons. In this anthropological monograph, the authors have pursued a dual approach in the study of these disorders by utilizing the epidemiologic methods of modern anthropology in parallel with the diagnostic acumen of Western medicine. The uniqueness of this particular study is its documentation of the clinical and social course these individuals followed historically over the 20-plus years of the study. Because of the comprehensive nature of health care provided by the Indian Health Service and the social and geographical isolation of the Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, and the Tewa-speaking Pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico, this is a unique study, perhaps never to be repeated. The computerization of the Indian Health Service medical record system in 1977 helped identify patients from these tribes who had grand mal epilepsy, hysterical disorders, and a variety
The Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Donald W. Paty, Douglas L. Arnold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The complex pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis includes inflammation and potentially disabling focal lesions that are associated with heterogeneous, often destructive pathologic changes disseminated throughout the white matter of the central nervous system.1 The usual pathologic changes include demyelination, some remyelination, axonal damage, and scar formation (gliosis). In recent years, researchers have refocused attention on axonal injury and its causes. Axons are damaged by bouts of autoimmune inflammation, the target of which seems to be myelin or the oligodendrocytes that form myelin.2 In addition, chronically demyelinated axons may become structurally and metabolically abnormal and vulnerable to other types of damage; gradually, . . .
Any role left for invasive tests? Histology in clinical practice
Authors: P Moayyedi, M F Dixon
Journal: Gut (1998)

Introduction Although some patients may consider even a venepuncture “invasive”, in the context of tests for Helicobacter pylori infection this term is usually restricted to those which require gastric biopsy samples. These tests incorporate a range of techniques to show the presence of H pylori in biopsy material and comprise histology, culture, rapid urease tests and, of lesser importance, microscopic examination of smears from biopsy samples or brushings and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which by amplifying segments of nucleic acids specific for H pylori can detect very small numbers of bacteria. As only the first three are widely practised, we shall confine our consideration to them. In comparing diagnostic tests it is conventional to examine their sensitivity—the proportion of positives that are correctly identified by the test—and their specificity—the proportion of negatives correctly identified by the test— but there are other factors influencing the general utility of a test which include availability, reproducibility, rapidity, and cost. Furthermore, tests vary in the amount of information they provide in addition to H pylori status.
Diagnosis of Borderline Adenomas of the Stomach by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: Y. Fujiwara, T. Arakawa, T. Fukuda, S. Kimura, T. Uchida, A. Obata, K. Higuchi, K. Wakasa, M. Sakurai, K. Kobayashi
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: The correct histological diagnosis of gastric borderline adenomas is often difficult, especially in excluding malignancy, since the usual diagnostic methods, such as radiography and histological examination of forceps biopsy specimens, are of limited accuracy. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the value of endoscopic mucosal resection in establishing the correct diagnosis of boderline adenomas.
THE DOG AS A CARRIER OF DISEASE TO MAN
Authors: MINAS JOANNIDES
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our object in this paper is to emphasize the fact that the dog acts as a carrier of disease when not properly managed. No attempt will be made to give a detailed discussion of the various diseases that a dog may carry. Our purpose will be accomplished if groups interested in public health and hygiene will consider the dog as a possible carrier and study him from that point of view. The fact that the dog is a carrier of disease has been recognized by parasitologists and zoologists all over the world. With the exception of the work of M. C. Hall<sup>1</sup>in this country and Cameron<sup>2</sup>in England, no recent concentrated effort has been made to bring this problem before the general public or even before the medical profession. In Minnesota, some attempts have been made to bring the topic before the medical profession.<sup>3</sup> There are
Adenoma of Islets of Langerhans
Authors: A. W. Dickie
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDBRATSOURNAL 817from May 18 onwards, starting with 2 ml.I.M. on alternate days, the dose later being increased to 4 ml.Iron was given for the anaemia.The temperature swing gradually diminished in height, and became normal and remained so after the nineteenth injection (June 22).Clinically there was marked improvement, with cessation of sweats and diminution in the size of the spleen, and the white blood cells showed a steady increase.Blood counts were as follows.June 3: white cells, 1,460 per c.mm, (polymorphs 44%, lympho- cytes 48%, monocytes 8%).June 13: white cells, 2,180 per c.mm. (polymorphs 29%, lymphocytes 62%, monocytes 9%).July 2: white cells, 4,660 per c.mm. (polymorphs 45%, lymphocytes 52%, mono- cytes 3%); red ceils, 3,750,000 per c.mm.; Hb, 78%; C.I., 1.04.
Electrophysiologic effects of lidocaine on sinus node and atrium in patients with and without sinoatrial dysfunction.
Authors: R C Dhingra, P C Deedwania, J M Cummings, F Amat-Y-Leon, D Wu, P Denes, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Electrophysiological studies were conducted in 13 patients with normal sinus node function and 14 with sinus node dysfunction before and after intravenous lidocaine. Mean +/- SEM sinus cycle length significantly shortened from 810 +/- 34.3 to 774 +/- 34.3 msec in patients with normal sinus node (P less than 0.001) and from 1061 +/- 67.6 to 1016 +/- 64.5 msec in patients with sinus node dysfunction (P less than 0.025) after lidocaine. Mean sinus recovery time was 1027 +/- 49.4 before and 1026 +/- 52.5 msec after lidocaine in patients with normal sinus node (NS) and 1269 +/- 97.7 before and 1170 +/- 73.8 msec after lidocaine in patients with sinus node dysfunction (P less than 0.05). Mean calculated sinoatrial conduction time was 87 +/- 9.5 before and 90 +/- 9.2 msec after lidocaine in patients with normal sinus node (NS) and 80 +/- 10.3 before and 96 +/- 10.2 msec after lidocaine in patients with sinus node dysfunction (P less than 0.001). Mean atrial effective and functional refractory periods were not significantly changed with lidocaine. Thus lidocaine shortened sinus cycle length in both groups, without affecting atrial refractoriness. Lidocaine appeared to depress perinodal tissue only in patients with sinus node dysfunction. The abbreviation of sinus recovery time in patients with sinus node dysfunction could reflect increased sinus automaticity and/or increased perinodal refractoriness, allowing entrance block to occur. This mechanism may explain why sinus arrest has been noted in some patients during lidocaine administration.