tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ACC/AHA/ACR/ASE/ASNC/HRS/NASCI/RSNA/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SIR 2008 Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Robert C. Hendel, Matthew J. Budoff, John F. Cardella, Charles E. Chambers, John M. Dent, David M. Fitzgerald, John McB. Hodgson, Elizabeth Klodas, Christopher M. Kramer, Arthur E. Stillman, Peter L. Tilkemeier, R. Parker Ward, Wm. Guy Weigold, Richard D. White, Pamela K. Woodard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Quick's One-Stage Prothrombin Time
Authors: I. Myron Vigran
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  It is with some difficulty that I have interpreted Dr. Quick's comments ( JAMA  176 :1127 [July 1] 1961) on my article concerning the Thrombotest ( JAMA  176 :188 [April 22] 1961). Apparently he was referring to procedures used in my study which were termed the Quick one-stage prothrombin time. Dr. Quick is correct in pointing out this error, since the determinations used were a modification of his procedure.  Dr. Quick neglected to state that his method does not detect Factor IX (Christmas), which is one of the factors reduced by the administration of oral anticoagulants; nor is he correct in stating that his one-stage test is the only reliable method for determining active prothrombin in human blood. Various modifications of his procedure have been used with success for years, and indeed, the unmodified Quick one-stage prothrombin time is not in general use. The majority of patients receiving anticoagulant
New figures show big discrepancies in GPs' funding
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Figures released by a London primary care trust, as a result of a request made under the Freedom of Information Act, show huge differences in funding between general practices.

The highest paid practices in Camden, north London, earn more than twice as much per patient as the lowest paid, with the figure for the base contract per patient ranging from as low as £57.72 (€65; $90) to as high as £145.34.

The wide range in practices’ incomes is not a complete surprise, said Laurence Buckman, chairman of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee, as anonymised figures published by a committee representing the UK health departments, NHS Employers, and the BMA have shown “enormous” discrepancies between practices in all primary care trusts. But this is believed to be the first time that the amounts paid to named practices have been disclosed.

The figures emerged as a result of a Freedom of Information request made to NHS Camden primary care trust in June 2008 by Peter Roderick, a lawyer and environmental activist who was a patient at a local practice, the Camden Road surgery. He was angered by the trust’s decision to award the contract for the practice to UnitedHealth, a private healthcare company ( BMJ 2008;336:412-3, doi:10.1136/bmj.39496.687245.DB) and sought details of how …
General Internal Medicine
Authors: John D. Stoeckle
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Some 20 years ago, general internal medicine residencies and divisions were organized to move training outside the hospital and to produce a new generation of general internists for primary care. Despite public and private support for such training, the number of general internists from these special programs and from the traditional medical residency programs is fewer today than when this reform began, and the percentage of all primary care practitioners (general internists, family practitioners, and pediatricians) is also lower. These failed manpower outcomes aside, the development of general internal medicine has improved care and learning outside the hospital by other contributions: (1) training curriculums in ambulatory medicine, (2) practitioner-teachers, (3) teaching group practices, and (4) new knowledge about and for practice. The details of these contributions are notable: (1) The curriculum reforms for outpatient training in general internal medicine continue to be adapted for the training of all medical residents;
Treatment of Angina Pectoris with Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: JOSEPH E. F. RISEMAN, LESTER A. STEINBERG, GEORGE E. ALTMAN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Reports indicating the value of quinidine sulfate in angina pectoris led to (1) a search for related drugs which were equally effective but less toxic, and (2) a study of the mode of action of these drugs. It was found that quinidine, quinine, cinchonadine, and cinchamidine decrease the frequency of attacks in daily life and increase the exercise tolerance as measured by a standardized test. Quinine sulfate (0.3 to 0.4 Gm. every eight hours) appears to be the drug of choice from the standpoint of availability and low toxicity as well as effectiveness. The value of these drugs is apparently due to a vasodilating action which in turn is dependent on the presence of the quinoline ring.
A New Partnership for Change
Authors: John L. Clowe
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Since antiquity, the relationship between physicians and the societies we serve has been defined by the very personal medical partnership that bonds physician to patient. At the heart of that partnership is a commitment by physicians to advocate what is best for our patients, regardless of the economic, political, or professional risk. Clearly it is time to extend the highly personal physician-patient relationship into the public policy arena. Physician-advocates must now play as direct a role in defining the health system policies of the future as they have in asserting what has been in the best medical interests of our patients in the past. In the stampede for change, we must not forget that our patients come first.  This means that physicians must now reject the status quo and publicly commit to a new partnership for health system reform. The stakes are too high and our patients' well-being too important
Neuroprotective and Anti–Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of Minocycline
Authors: M. Christine Zink, Jennifer Uhrlaub, Jesse DeWitt, Tauni Voelker, Brandon Bullock, Joseph Mankowski, Patrick Tarwater, Janice Clements, Sheila Barber
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) central nervous system (CNS) disease has not decreased despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. Current antiretroviral drugs are expensive, have significant adverse effects including neurotoxicity, and few cross the blood-brain barrier.To examine the ability of minocycline, an antibiotic with potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, to protect against encephalitis and neurodegeneration using a rapid, high viral load simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV-associated CNS disease that constitutes a rigorous in vivo test for potential therapeutics.Five SIV-infected pigtailed macaques were treated with 4 mg/kg per day of minocycline beginning at early asymptomatic infection (21 days after inoculation). Another 6 macaques were inoculated with SIV but remained untreated. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken on days 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 43, 56, 70, 77, and 84, and all macaques were humanely killed at 84 days after inoculation, a time that corresponds to late-stage infection in HIV-infected individuals.Blood and CSF samples were tested for viral load by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence and severity of encephalitis was determined by microscopic examination of tissues. Central nervous system inflammation was further assessed by measuring infiltration and activation of macrophages, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and expression of amyloid precursor protein by quantitative immunohistochemistry.Minocycline-treated macaques had less severe encephalitis (P = .02), reduced CNS expression of neuroinflammatory markers (major histocompatibility complex class II, P = .03; macrophage marker CD68 , P = .07; T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen 1, P = .03; CSF monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, P = .001), reduced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P<.001), less axonal degeneration (beta-amyloid precursor protein, P = .03), and lower CNS virus replication (viral RNA, P = .04; viral antigen, P = .04). In in vitro analysis, minocycline suppression of HIV and SIV replication in cultured primary macrophages did not correlate with suppression of activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, whereas suppression in primary lymphocytes correlated with suppression of p38 activation.In this experimental SIV model of HIV CNS disease, minocycline reduced the severity of encephalitis, suppressed viral load in the brain, and decreased the expression of CNS inflammatory markers. In vitro, minocycline inhibited SIV and HIV replication. These findings suggest that minocycline, a safe, inexpensive, and readily available antibiotic should be investigated as an anti-HIV therapeutic.
Non-abstract numerical representations in the IPS: Further support, challenges, and clarifications
Authors: Roi Cohen Kadosh, Vincent Walsh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The commentators have raised many pertinent points that allow us to refine and clarify our view. We classify our response comments into seven sections: automaticity; developmental and educational questions; priming; multiple representations or multiple access(?); terminology; methodological advances; and simulated cognition and numerical cognition. We conclude that the default numerical representations are not abstract.
N-Acetylprocainamide Toxicity
Authors: PAUL D. MITNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1987N-Acetylprocainamide ToxicityPAUL D. MITNICK, M.D.PAUL D. MITNICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-424 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The anecdotal experiences reported by Domoto, and colleagues (1) do not warrant the recommendation that continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration be the therapy of choice for the extracorporeal removal of N-acetylprocainamide. The data shown do not clearly support the author's initial conclusion that arteriovenous hemofiltration is superior to intermittent dialysis in the removal of N-acetylprocainamide, nor do they support their far-reaching conclusion that it be the therapy of choice, alternate conclusions may be reached by using their own data.Because true clearance or dialysance was not reported for any patient, comparative efficacy may only be derived from serum levels...Reference1. DOMOTOBROWNBRUGGENSMITH DWP. Removal of toxic levels of N-acetylprocainamide with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration or continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:550-2. LinkGoogle Scholar1. DOMOTOBROWNBRUGGENSMITH DWP. Removal of toxic levels of N-acetylprocainamide with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration or continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:550-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STECATKINSONNEVIN GAM. N-acetylprocainamide pharmacokinetics in functionally anephric patients before and after pertubations by hemodialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1979;26:618-28. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL D. MITNICK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorrection: Letter on N-Acetylprocainamide Toxicity 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 424-425KeywordsHemofiltrationMedical dialysisToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives. An advance in wound care
Authors: A. T. Trott
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In recent years, interest in the use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives (CTAs) for the closure of wounds, both traumatic and surgical, has grown rapidly. The study by Quinn et al, 1 published in this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, adds support for this method of wound closure. One of the few controlled studies of the use of CTAs 2,3 in wound care, it introduces a new CTA with potential advantages over those currently available. While CTAs have not yet been approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), approval is eagerly anticipated by practitioners and investigators who are aware of their many uses and potential. In all probability, CTAs will change the care of selected, uncomplicated lacerations and incisions in important ways. Because CTAs are easy to apply, perform as well as traditional sutures, and simplify wound care, they are likely to attract widespread interest and rapidly find their
Novel compound heterozygous nonsense and missense ABCA12 mutations lead to nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
Authors: M. Akiyama, K. Sakai, A. Hatamochi, S. Yamazaki, J.R. McMillan, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE) is a major type of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis showing generalized severe scaling and erythroderma without blister formation. In the classic NBCIE phenotype, the entire body is covered in fine, white scales over a background of erythrodermic skin.1 Mutations in ABCA12 are known to underlie harlequin ichthyosis (HI)2 and lamellar ichthyosis (LI).3 ABCA12 is a member of a large superfamily of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which bind and hydrolyze ATP to transport various molecules across a limiting membrane or into a vesicle.4 The ABCA subfamily members are all thought to be lipid transporters.5 Lack of ABCA12 function subsequently leads to disruption of lamellar granule lipid transport in the upper keratinizing epidermal keratinocytes resulting in malformation of the stratum corneum intercellular lipid layers.2 Here we report that a compound heterozygote harbouring two novel ABCA12 mutations, c.3407G>A (p.Gly1136Asp) and c.5005C>T (p.Gln1669X), exhibited a typical NBCIE phenotype.
THE PROPRIETY AND NECESSITY OF STATE REGULATION OF MEDICAL PRACTICE....
Authors: Perry H. Millard
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erythrocyte Hb-S Concentration AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE LOW OXYGEN AFFINITY OF BLOOD IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Authors: M. Seakins, W. N. Gibbs, P. F. Milner, J. F. Bertles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The blood in sickle cell anemia has a very low oxygen affinity and, although 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) is increased, there is doubt as to whether this is the only factor responsible. In this study of 15 patients with sickle cell anemia (Hb SS) no correlation was found between oxygen affinity (P(50) at pH 7.13) and 2,3-DPG in fresh venous blood. Whole populations of Hb SS erythrocytes were therefore separated, by an ultracentrifuge technique, into fractions of varying density. The packed red cell column was divided into three fractions; a bottom fraction rich in deformed cells or irreversibly sickled cells (ISC), with a very high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); a middle fraction containing cells with the highest content of fetal hemoglobin; and a top fraction containing reticulocytes and discoid cells but free of deformed cells. Oxygen affinity was shifted to the right in all layers (mean P(50) (pH 7.13)+/-1SD: top 46.3+/-2.9 mm Hg: middle 49.8+/-4.9 mm Hg; bottom 61.0+/-5.8 mm Hg) compared with normal blood (top 32.1+/-0.7 mm Hg: bottom 30.1+/-0.5 mm Hg). 2.3-DPG was increased in the top fraction, but was low or normal in the bottom fraction (top 21.8+/-3.4 mumol/g Hb: middle 17.7+/-2.2 mumol/g Hb; bottom 13.8+/-3.1 mumol/g Hb; normal whole blood 14.3+/-1.2 mumol/g Hb). The level of 2,3-DPG in top fractions could not account for the degree of right shift of P(50), and in the middle and bottom fractions the even greater right shifts were associated with lower levels of 2,3-DPG. Top fraction cells depleted of 2,3-DPG had a higher, but still abnormally low, oxygen affinity. A strong relationship was found between oxygen affinity and MCHC. The fractions with the greatest right shift in P(50) had the highest MCHC (top 32.4+/-2.0; middle 36.2+/-3.1; bottom 44.6+/-3.2 g/100 ml, respectively) and the plot of P(50) vs. MCHC showed a positive correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.001). The red cell population in sickle cell anemia is not homogeneous but contains cells of widely varying Hb F content, 2,3-DPG, and hemoglobin concentration. Paradoxically, the cells with the lowest O(2) affinity have the lowest 2,3-DPG, but they also have the highest concentration of Hb S. The dense, deformed cell called the ISC is but the end stage in a process of membrane loss and consequent increase in hemoglobin concentration. The P(50) of Hb SS blood is, to a large extent, determined by the presence of these cells (r = 0.85, P < 0.001). Increased concentration of Hb S in the cell favors deoxygenation and crystallization even at relatively high P(o2). Lowered affinity for oxygen appears to be closely associated with Hb S concentration and not with 2,3-DPG content.
In utero transplantation of adult bone marrow decreases perinatal lethality and rescues the bone phenotype in the knockin murine model for classical, dominant osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Cristina Panaroni, Roberta Gioia, Anna Lupi, Roberta Besio, Steven A. Goldstein, Jaclynn Kreider, Sergey Leikin, Juan Carlos Vera, Edward L. Mertz, Egon Perilli, Fabio Baruffaldi, Isabella Villa, Aurora Farina, Marco Casasco, Giuseppe Cetta, Antonio Rossi, Annalisa Frattini, Joan C. Marini, Paolo Vezzoni, Antonella Forlino
Journal: Blood (2009)
Late-Life Cardiac Interventions and the Treatment Imperative
Authors: Janet K Shim, Ann J Russ, Sharon R Kaufman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

In this Essay, we offer reflections based on our previously published ethnographic study of physician and patient responses to life-extending cardiac procedures that are increasingly performed on ever older individuals in the United States [1]. In that study, we examined how providers and patients considered advanced age in their decision-making about various treatments (angioplasty, stents, bypass surgery, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators), using in-depth interviews with physicians from internal medicine and cardiac subspecialties, cardiac patients aged 72–86, and their family members. The project received institutional review board approval from the University of California, San Francisco, and all interviewees gave informed consent prior to participation.

Despite evidence indicating that elderly patients tend to receive more conservative cardiac treatment than may be medically indicated [2,3], clinicians, patients, and family members in our study all perceived a nearly inescapable obligation to pursue cardiac interventions. We summarize here our findings on the socio-medical sources of this treatment imperative, and its impacts on physicians' and patients' encounters with life-prolonging cardiac procedures. Based on our study findings, we then offer several recommendations regarding patient–provider communication that seek to improve the experiences of elderly patients, and perhaps those of physicians as well.
Time course of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement.
Authors: E S Monrad, O M Hess, T Murakami, H Nonogi, W J Corin, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To assess the time course and extent of regression of myocardial hypertrophy after removal of the inciting hemodynamic stress, 21 patients with either aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency were studied preoperatively, after an intermediate period (1.6 +/- 0.5 years), and late (8.1 +/- 2.9 years) after aortic valve replacement, and results were compared with those in 11 control patients. After aortic valve replacement there was significant hemodynamic improvement, with a fall in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (164 +/- 73 to 105 +/- 35 ml/m2, p less than .01), a fall in left heart filling pressure (19 +/- 9 to 12 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than .01), and maintenance of the cardiac index (3.3 +/- 0.8 to 3.5 +/- 0.8 liters/min/m2, NS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (60 +/- 13% to 64 +/- 10%, NS). By the late study the cardiac index (4.0 +/- 0.6 liters/min/m2, p less than .01) and left ventricular ejection fraction (66 +/- 15%, p less than .05) had further increased and were significantly greater than before surgery. For the group as a whole, the left ventricular muscle mass index fell 31% after surgery by the time of the intermediate postoperative study (174 +/- 38 vs 120 +/- 29 g/m2, p less than .01), and a further 13% from the intermediate to the late study (105 +/- 32 g/m2, p less than .05). At the preoperative study left ventricular muscle mass index was greatest in those patients with aortic insufficiency (191 +/- 36 g/m2), and greater in those with aortic stenosis (158 +/- 33 g/m2) than in control subjects (85 +/- 9 g/m2, p less than .05). At the intermediate postoperative study left ventricular muscle mass index remained significantly higher in both those with preoperative aortic insufficiency (128 +/- 29 g/m2) and those with stenosis (114 +/- 27 g/m2) than in the control subjects (p less than .01). By the time of the late postoperative study there were no longer any significant differences in left ventricular muscle mass index. Thus, the regression of myocardial hypertrophy is a process that occurs over many years after correction of the primary hemodynamic abnormality. As this process of myocardial remodeling occurs, continued improvement in cardiac function may occur, and the improvement occurring between the intermediate and late postoperative studies at a slight but constant afterload excess (inherent in the relative stenosis of the aortic prosthesis) suggests that the hypertrophied myocardium is operating at a reduced level compared with normal myocardium.