tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced vitamin E antioxidant capacity in sickle cell disease is related to transfusion status but not to sickle crisis
Authors: S.S. Marwah, A.D. Blann, C. Rea, J.D. Phillips, J. Wright, D. Bareford
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

In homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD), decreased serum Vitamin E is present. Excessive transfusions may lead to iron overload. We hypothesised a relationship between the two and found that Vitamin E type antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in 30 SCD patients than in 30 age- and sex-matched controls (P < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity was lower in 10 transfused patients compared with 20 non-transfused patients (P < 0.001). Transfusional iron overload in SCD may increase the potential for oxidative damage, and low antioxidant capacity may compound this effect.
Cry of the Child in Utero
Authors: I. M. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

DiscussionThe Manchester workers have themselves pointed out some possible criticisms to which their results might be open.In particular, they refer to the small number of their subjects.Additional queries arise even although their results are statistically outside the limits normally accepted for chance variations (see 'Abrahams, 1943 ; also British Medical Journal, 1943).* If, however, we accept the validity of the findings of these workers, the fact that vitamin supplements did not induce such changes in physiological function in our subjects might possibly be due to their not having been deficient in these nutrients before the administration began.This is supported by the fact that there was also no improvement in other respects after the year's dosing (see Yudkin, 1943).Gain in height and weight, strength of grip, haemoglobin, intelligence, educational attain- ment, and dark-adaptation were no different in those children receiving the supplement from what they were in those receiving the control pellets.Moreover, although there was a reduction in the incidence and duration of colds in the vitamin group, this was seen only in the younger children and was not shown by the older children examined for physiological function.'It should be emphasized that the absence of effect in our subjects may be due to differences in age or in degree of deficiency; they are not therefore to be interpreted as contradicting the findings of Harper et al.Nevertheless it is clear that improvement of physical efficiency by vitamin supplements cannot be regarded as being generally applicable to all groups. SummaryA group of 178 children aged 11 and 12 were examined after about half of them had received vitamin supplements daily at school for one year.The supplements provided each school day 5,000 I.U.vitamin A, 1 mg.vitamin B1, 25 mg.vitamin C, and 500 I.U.vitamin D, the average addition over the year being about one-half of the reputed daily requirements of these substances.No difference was observed between the control group and the supplemented groups in resting pulse rate, vital capacity, breathholding, or 40-mm.endurance test.
Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man
Authors: Clyde R. Goodheart
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The editors who took over the book of the late Thomas M. Rivers have upheld the high standards of previous editions. The topics are well chosen, and the contributor for a given topic is in general the best qualified in that field. The explosive growth of our knowledge of molecular events occurring in the virus-infected cell is reflected in the first few chapters. Most of this growth has occurred since the previous edition, necessitating complete revision. Although the book is concerned with viral and rickettsial diseases of man, the editors have wisely included a chapter by Cohen on biochemical events taking place in phage-infected bacterial cells. Bacterial lysogeny also is meaningful for the animal virologist, and it would have seemed justified to have devoted a chapter to this subject; there is, however, less than one page. Approximately the last two thirds of the book is devoted to discussions of viral
IMPACT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON MYOCARDIAL BLUSH AND ST-SEGMENT RESOLUTION FOLLOWING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Usman Baber, Sorin Brener, Ziad Sergie, Jennifer Yu, Ke Xu, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Francis X. McCormack, William D. Travis, Thomas V. Colby, Elizabeth P. Henske, Joel Moss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive cystic lung disease primarily affecting women that has historically been classified and clinically managed as a nonneoplastic interstitial lung disease.The purpose of this document is to outline the accumulating data that support reclassification of LAM as a low-grade, destructive, metastasizing neoplasm.This major conceptual shift actually began more than 10 years ago in the pathology community.The 1999 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors regarded LAM as a "tumour-like" lesion, and in the 2004 classification, it was codified as a mesenchymal neoplasm (1, 2).The pulmonary community seems to have been slower to adopt this viewpoint, however, and continues to consider LAM one of the "other" idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.LAM occurs in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and also as a sporadic illness in patients without heritable disease.In either case, the smooth muscle-like "LAM cells" that diffusely infiltrate the lungs, lymphatics, and angiomyolipomas of patients with LAM have a low proliferative index and little or no evidence of cellular atypia, suggestive of a benign process.However, mounting genetic and cellular evidence has shown that, despite their innocent appearance, LAM cells exhibit the features and behaviors of a neoplasm.The finding of loss of heterozygosity for tuberous sclerosis complex genes in the lung, kidney, and lymphatic lesions of patients with LAM is consistent with clonal origins for these tumors.In the handful of patients who have had multiple tissues available for sequencing, identical TSC mutations found in the angiomyolipomas, lymph nodes, and lungs are indicative of seeding from a common, most likely extrapulmonary source (3).Angiomyolipomas have been proposed as a potential primary tumor, but they are present in a minority of patients with sporadic LAM (4).The expression of smooth muscle markers (5) and steroid hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors ( 6), variation of symptoms with the menstrual cycle (7), and report of LAM lesions in 9 of 10 resected uterine specimens from patients with LAM in a small series (8) are potentially consistent with a uterine primary tumor, at least in some patients.The TSC mutations that occur in LAM result in inappropriate, constitutive signaling through the
Evolution of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna Butterfly Sign Demonstrated by Bone Scan
Authors: EMEL CEYLAN, BIRAY CANER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Received for publication December 12, 2001. Accepted January 29, 2002. Correspondence: Emel Ceylan, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
Susceptibility of Salmonella Species to Four Antibiotics
Authors: Donald Kaye, John G. Merselis, Edward W. Hook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

AMPICILLIN (alpha-aminobenzyl penicillin), a semisynthetic penicillin, has been reported to have high in vitro activity against certain gramnegative bacilli, including salmonella.1 2 3 4 5 The present studies were undertaken to determine the sensitivity of a large number of recently isolated strains of salmonella to ampicillin and to compare the activity of this antibiotic with that of penicillin G, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Although it is not possible to predict effectiveness in vivo from results of in vitro sensitivity studies, the results reported below suggest that ampicillin should be thoroughly evaluated in the therapy of salmonellosis.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and twenty-three strains . . .
Global Transcriptional Changes Following Statin Treatment in Breast Cancer
Authors: Olöf Bjarnadottir, Siker Kimbung, Ida Johansson, Srinivas Veerla, Mats Jönsson, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Dorthe Grabau, Ingrid Hedenfalk, Signe Borgquist
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Statins purportedly exert antitumoral effects, but the underlying mechanisms are currently not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore potential statin-induced effects on global gene expression profiles in primary breast cancer. Experimental Design: This window-of-opportunity phase II trial enrolled 50 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients prescribed atorvastatin (80 mg/day) for 2 weeks presurgically. Pre- and posttreatment tumor samples were analyzed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) to identify differentially expressed genes. Similarly, SAM and gene ontology analyses were applied to gene expression data derived from atorvastatin-treated breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT474, SKBR3, and MDAMB231) comparing treated and untreated cells. The Systematic Motif Analysis Retrieval Tool (SMART) was used to identify enriched transcription factor-binding sites. Literature Vector Analysis (LitVAn) identified gene module functionality, and pathway analysis was performed using GeneGo Pathways Software (MetaCore; https://portal.genego.com/). Results: Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in paired clinical samples revealed 407 significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR = 0); 32 upregulated and 375 downregulated genes. Restricted filtration (fold change ≥1.49) resulted in 21 upregulated and 46 downregulated genes. Significantly upregulated genes included DUSP1, RHOB1, GADD45B, and RGS1. Pooled results from gene ontology, LitVAn and SMART analyses identified statin-induced effects on the apoptotic and MAPK pathways among others. Comparative analyses of gene expression profiles in breast cancer cell lines showed significant upregulation of the mevalonate and proapoptotic pathways following atorvastatin treatment. Conclusions: We report potential statin-induced changes in global tumor gene expression profiles, indicating MAPK pathway inhibition and proapoptotic events. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3402–11. ©2015 AACR.
Treatment of Esophagogastric Tumors
Authors: R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Most malignant tumors in the upper digestive tract, as well as their nonmalignant precursors, are epithelial (carcinomas); they develop either in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus (squamous-cell carcinoma) or in the glandular mucosa in the stomach and in the metaplastic epithelium of Barrett’s esophagus (adenocarcinoma). Other primitive tumors include granular-cell tumors, lymphomas, melanoma, endocrine tumors, and leiomyomas. In addition, metastases from breast or lung cancer occur in the esophagus and stomach.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Calcific Emboli
Authors: Sankalp Gokhale, Sourabh Lahoti, Rafael Rojas, Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Psychopathology Risk Transmission in Children of Parents With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Duncan B. Clark, Jack Cornelius, D. Scott Wood, Michael Vanyukov
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Children of fathers with substance use disorders are at increased risk for psychopathology, including conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. This study examined the distinct influences of parent substance use disorder and other psychopathology in the transmission of the risk for psychopathology to their children.The subjects were 1,167 children (ages 6-14 years; 62% were male, 38% were female) from 613 families recruited according to a high-risk paradigm. Of these families, 294 had fathers with a substance use disorder (high-risk group), and 319 had fathers without a substance use disorder or other mental disorder (low-risk group). In all families, father, mother, and children were directly assessed. Mixed-effects ordinal regression analyses controlled for the nested data structure.For conduct disorder, ADHD, major depression, and anxiety disorders, the results indicated that the predominant predictor of specific mental disorders in offspring was a history of the corresponding disorders in both parents.These results support specific parent-child transmission for childhood psychopathology.
Meningococcal disease in Belgium. Secondary attack rate among household, day-care nursery and pre-elementary school contacts
Authors: P. De Wals, L. Hertoghe, I. Borlée-Grimée, S. De Maeyer-Cleempoel, G. Reginster-Haneuse, A. Dachy, A. Bouckaert, M.F. Lechat
Journal: Journal of Infection (1981)
Diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant in the lupus anticoagulant‐hypoprothrombinemia syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Vicente Baca, Guadalupe Montiel, Luis Meillón, Javier Pizzuto, Teresa Catalán, Luis Juan‐Shum, Beatriz Nieva
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We report a severe hemorrhagic disorder in two pediatric patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA) associated to acquired factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. In both patients, hemorrhagic symptoms resolved after corticosteroid therapy. Serial coagulation studies showed that Staclot LA® assay was more sensitive than DVVconfirm® and Staclot PNP® tests to confirm the presence of LA when associated with severe factor II deficiency. Both patients had non‐neutralizing anti‐prothrombin antibodies and their titers inversely correlated with factor II activity ( r = −1.0, P &lt; 0.0001). Associated findings in these patients included positive immunologic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus, a positive anti‐cardiolipin antibody, and anti‐β 2 GPI antibodies in one case. Our findings point out the difficulty in diagnosing LA associated with acquired factor II deficiency and suggest that, in confirmation of its phospholipid dependency, the inclusion of a source of normal human plasma in the test sequence to correct for any factor deficiency and a confirmatory step utilizing hexagonal (II) phase phospholipids may be crucial to the diagnosis of LA in some patients with LA‐hypoprothrombinemia syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 71:200–207, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generating political priority for global surgical care
Authors: Yusra R Shawar, Jeremy Shiffman, David Spiegel
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundDespite the high burden of surgical conditions, the provision of surgical services historically has been a low global health priority. Drawing on social science scholarship concerning how issues come to attract attention, we examined factors that have shaped political priority for global surgical care.MethodsWe drew on a published public policy framework that consists of four categories: (1) actor power, (2) issue framing, (3) the contexts within which actors operate, and (4) characteristics of the issue itself. We triangulated between several sources of data, including 30 semi-structured interviews with members of global surgical networks and Ministries of Health in low-income countries, published scholarly literature, and reports from organisations involved in surgery provision and advocacy.FindingsAlthough surgical care has the potential to gain political priority, several factors hinder the acquisition of attention and resources. First, with respect to actor power, there is no policy community cohesion, unifying political entrepreneur, or mobilisation of civil society to champion the cause. The surgery community is fragmented and primarily composed of a small number of surgeons and anaesthesiologists concerned with the state of surgical care in low-income countries who have yet to collectively define their objectives and propose specific courses of action. Second, concerning framing, difficulties exist surrounding problem definition and positioning of surgical care, both internally among the surgical community and externally with political stakeholders. For example, an absence of consensus exists concerning what constitutes so-called essential surgery, and even whether that term should be used. Third, with respect to context, the community has made insufficient efforts to capitalise on political opportunities such as the Millennium Development Goals. Finally, concerning characteristics of the issue, there are few data to capture the burden of surgical diseases, which are needed to convince political leaders that surgery provision is a crucial, unmet need.InterpretationTo advance global priority for surgery, proponents will need to surmount three challenges: (1) a weak governance structure that impedes achievement of collective goals; (2) disagreement on solutions; and (3) the absence of an effective public positioning of the issue. These findings have broad implications for understanding why some global health issues come to attract priority, while others remain neglected.FundingNone.
Comparision of Controlled Pressure Belt -Allowing Mobility- with Sandbags After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Pilot Study
Authors: Süleyman Ercan, Vedat Karslı, Vedat Davutoğlu, Ahmad Huraibat, Murat Yüce, Halil İnanç, Mehmet Aksoy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording.
Authors: E L Michelson, J Morganroth
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Variations in the frequency of complex ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated by consecutive 24-hour long-term electrocardiographic recordings over 4 days using a two-channel recorder and computer-assisted analysis system with a weighted relative mean error of 7.5 +/ 5% (SD). Twenty patients (mean age 58 +/- 9 years [SD] with various cardiac disorders were selected if they had a daily average of more than 30 ventricular ectopic complexes per hour. Twenty patients had ventricular couplets and 14 patients had ventricular tachycardia (at least triplets). The mean daily number of either couplets or ventricular tachycardia was subjected a four-factor nested analysis of variance to determine the sources of variation in ectopic frequency. Differences in hourly rates accounted for 30% of the variation in the frequency of ectopic complexes. Statistical methods were applied to determine the change in frequency of complex arrhythmias necessary to exceed that attributable to spontaneous variation alone at the p less than 0.05 level. Using a typical protocol, for example, comparing a 24-hour test period with a 24-hour control period would require a 65% decrease in mean hourly frequency of ventricular tachycardia and 75% reduction in the frequency of couplets to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy rather than a reduction due to spontaneous variation alone.
The Azalea Poem
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asymptotic slope of log pressure vs log volume as an approximate index of the diastolic elastic properties of the myocardium in man.
Authors: J D Laird
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The goal of this study was to develop, on a rational basis, an index of the intrinsic diastolic elastic properties of the left ventricle. A relatively simple analytic model employing a thin-walled spherical geometry coupled with an approximate formulation of a two-dimensional constitutive relation, was used to examine the primary determinants of the pressure-volume relationship of the intact heart. The results permit comparison with other indices of compliance or wall stiffness. The slope of the dP/dV vs P curve was found to be sensitive to the non-linear elastic constant K, but is also sensitive to variations in cardiac muscle volume. VdP/dV was found to be sensitive to pressure. m = d(log P)/d(log V) = (V/P)(dP/dV) is proposed as an index sensitive to K and relatively insensitive to both pressure and initial cardiac geometry. The index is compared with published studies. Using the data of Fester and Samet, mean values of the asymptotic log-log P-V slope, m, evaluated at end-diastole for normal, idiopathic hypertrophy, mild, moderate and severe coronary artery disease were 3.95 +/- 0.60 (SEM), 5.05 +/- 1.60, 5.24 +/- 0.96, 8.35 +/- 2.06, and 15.13 +/- 3.0, respectively. At values of LVEDP less than 7 mm Hg the concept of simple distension is questioned. The advantages and limitations of this approximate index are discussed. This index seems to afford a practical measure of the elastic properties of the wall over a rather wide range of pressure, volume, wall mass and wall thickness.