tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unicef accused of forming alliance with baby food industry
Authors: C Dyer, O Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Unicef is about to form partnerships with companies that produce infant formula and that do not comply with the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes, it was claimed this week. Two Unicef employees have resigned in protest, and others are expected to tender their resignations.

A document written by a Unicef employee, who does …
Impact of vessel size after coronary vascular brachytherapy: a report of 990 patients
Authors: Costantino O. Costantini, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Kartik Desei, Brian Proctor, Kazuyuki Shirai, Horia Marginean, Teraza Conway, Martin Fahy, George Dangas, Gregg W. Stone, Ron Waksman, Jeffrey Moses, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Delivery of an engineered HGF fragment in an extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel prevents negative LV remodeling post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Sonya B. Sonnenberg, Aboli A. Rane, Cassie J. Liu, Nikhil Rao, Gillie Agmon, Sophia Suarez, Raymond Wang, Adam Munoz, Vaibhav Bajaj, Shirley Zhang, Rebecca Braden, Pamela J. Schup-Magoffin, Oi Ling Kwan, Anthony N. DeMaria, Jennifer R. Cochran, Karen L. Christman
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Possibilities and Limitations of Kelly’s Grid Technique in the Differentiation of Transference Toward Therapeutical Figures
Authors: Marie-E. Houben, Roland A Pierloot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The authors are comparing and differentiating transference-feelings patients have toward several therapeutical figures. They try to objectify these intrapsychic processes through the repertory grid technique of Kelly. Results obtained in 3 small groups are given. The possibilities in objectifying and differentiating transference feelings toward several therapeutical figures were confirmed. But, it seemed rather difficult to formulate predictions for groups as the results are dependent on the individually coloured situations in which the patients are. Furthermore, the method seemed to be dependent on the subjects' capacities to be aware of their emotions or fantasies.
An odd cause of dysphagia
Authors: B. T. Theron, L. Pearson, J. Gillson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 39 year old woman presented to the medical admissions unit with a four week history of worsening shortness of breath associated with a dry cough, plus a two week history of a pressure sensation in her neck with difficulty swallowing solids. She reported weight loss of around 3 kg and an aching sensation in both arms, although she denied any weakness or numbness. The patient was otherwise well, did not smoke, and had no relevant medical history. Her examination was unremarkable. Chest radiography was undertaken (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Chest radiograph



On the basis of the chest radiograph, further investigations were requested, including computed tomography of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (fig 2⇓).



Fig 2 Computed tomogram of the chest





### 1 How would you describe the chest radiography and computed tomography findings?

The chest radiograph shows dramatic paratracheal and mediastinal widening. The computed tomogram of the chest shows a large superior mediastinal mass with superior vena cava obstruction and a pericardial effusion.

#### Long answer

Symptoms of superior vena cava obstruction can be non-specific but may signify life threatening disease. Most cases are caused by intrathoracic malignancy,1 2 3 with lung cancer (75%) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (10%) constituting the bulk of cases. The incidence of vascular thrombosis has increased since the emergence of intravascular devices such as pacemakers and indwelling catheters used in haemodialysis.2 However, among oncology patients, thrombosis secondary to indwelling lines is most often caused by central catheters (portacath or Hickman line). Given the most common underlying aetiology (lung cancer), most patients with superior vena cava obstruction have an abnormal chest radiograph, with mediastinal widening and pleural effusions being the most common findings. …
Aging Attenuates the Vestibulosympathetic Reflex in Humans
Authors: Chester A. Ray, Kevin D. Monahan
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The vestibular system contributes to sympathetic activation by engagement of the otolith organs. However, there is a significant loss of vestibular function with aging. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if young and older individuals differ in their cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to otolithic stimulation (ie, head-down rotation, HDR). We hypothesized that responses to otolithic stimulation would be attenuated in older adults because of morphological and physiological alterations that occur in the vestibular system with aging. Methods and Results — Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and head rotation were measured during HDR in 11 young (26±1 years) and 11 older (64±1 years) subjects in the prone posture. Five older subjects performed head rotation (chin to chest) in the lateral decubitus position, which simulates HDR but does not alter afferent inputs from the vestibular system. MSNA responses to HDR were significantly attenuated in older as compared with young subjects ( P &lt;0.01). MSNA increased in the older subjects by only 12±5% as compared with 85±16% in the young. Furthermore, HDR elicited significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure in older (Δ−6±1 mm Hg; P &lt;0.01) but not young subjects (Δ1±1 mm Hg). In contrast to HDR, head rotation performed in the lateral decubitus position did not elicit hypotension. MSNA responses to baroreceptor unloading and the cold pressor test were not different between the age groups. Conclusions — These data indicate that aging attenuates the vestibulosympathetic reflex in humans and may contribute to the increased prevalence of orthostatic hypotension with age.
Frequency and significance of antibodies to P450IID6 protein in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Mikio Nishioka, Syed Ahmed Morshed, Kazumi Kono, Takashi Himoto, Salina Parveen, Keiji Arima, Seishiro Watanabe, Micheal P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Acarbose alone or in combination with ethanol potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen in rats
Authors: Pei-Yu Wang, Takashi Kaneko, Yuan Wang, Akio Sato
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Acarbose reduces the absorption of monosaccharides derived from dietary carbohydrates, which play an important role in the metabolism and toxicity of some chemical compounds. We studied the effects of acarbose on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and acetaminophen (AP) in rats, both of which exert their toxic effects through bioactivation associated with cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were kept on a daily ration (20 g) of powdered chow diet containing 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg/100 g of acarbose, with drinking water containing 0% or 10% of ethanol (vol/vol). Three weeks later, the rats were either killed for an in vitro metabolism study or challenged with 0.50 g/kg CCl 4 orally or 0.75 g/kg AP intraperitoneally. The ethanol increased the hepatic microsomal CYP2E1 level and the rate of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) demethylation. The 40– or 80–mg/100 g acarbose diet, which alone increased the CYP2E1 level and the rate of DMN demethylation, augmented the enzyme induction by ethanol. The 40– or 80–mg/100 g acarbose diet alone potentiated CCl 4 and AP hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by significantly increased levels of both alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the plasma of rats pretreated with acarbose. Ethanol alone also potentiated the toxicity of both chemicals. When the 40– or 80–mg/100 g acarbose diet was combined with ethanol, the ethanol–induced potentiation of CCl 4 and AP hepatotoxicity was augmented. Our study demonstrated that high doses of acarbose, alone or in combination with ethanol, can potentiate CCl 4 and AP hepatotoxicity in rats by inducing hepatic CYP2E1.
TWO CASES OF REMOVAL OF A BULLET FROM THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: E. D. Telford
Journal: BMJ (1916)

THa BBuI 549 were used in tllo two cases because two thirds -of the circumference of the colon was injured; in the other case tlhe caectnm had two or three small perforations.Ile had not used ether as a peritoneal dressing.
Mayo Diets are Not From the Mayo Clinic
Authors: H. N. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  A steadily increasing volume of inquiries from physicians, dieticians, and patients from all parts of the country concerning so-called Mayo diets, Mayo egg diets, and Mayo reducing diets, all falsely attributed to the Mayo Clinic, point up the latest resurgence in diet fads and also pose a genuine concern to us. None of these diets originated at the Mayo Clinic or bear any resemblance to diets in use at the Mayo Clinic and its associated hospitals. All diets used at this institution in the treatment of obesity are quite conventional and are included in the Mayo Clinic Diet Manual , ed 3, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1961.  We are anxious to disclaim any connection with the numerous bizarre diets which usually are circulated from person to person in mimeographed form, and we would appreciate receiving any information regarding their source. We are sure that the readers of
Hemodynamic Factors in Atherosclerosis
Authors: William Dock
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In the July 5 issue (193, adv p 39, 1965) you call attention to the exhibit which confirmed impressive evidence, published over the last quarter century, that atheromas occur earliest and become most severe at sites where the intima normally is thick (coronary arteries), or is thickened by disease (syphilitic aortitis, dissecting aneurysms, or experimental injury). The exhibitors related intimal thickening to rapid flow, with reduced lateral pressure, and conclude fluid mechanics are the primary factor in etiology of atheroscleosis.  The hydrodynamics of flow are obviously the same in the rich and poor, the Korean soldier and the American. Yet, as Osler pointed out 70 years ago, coronary disease is very rare in the poor as compared with the prosperous. Korean soldiers have lipid-free thickenings of the coronaries (as have infants, rabbits, and elephants) while 50% of Americans, aged 22 years, have gross atheromas, and 10% have
Prostate Cancer Screening-Reply
Authors: Debora S. Smith, William J. Catalona
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Atkins takes issue with the implications of our article and presents the often-cited concerns about screening for prostate cancer with PSA testing. Further, he incorrectly states that our report implies no risk of detecting harmless cancers. In fact, our data suggest that serial screening may increase slightly the detection of clinically unimportant cancers. This issue is influenced to some extent by the definition of clinically unimportant cancer. We believe that basing the definition solely on the cancer mortality rate is too narrow. The suffering that patients experience from cancer progression and its treatment also must be considered. Dr Atkins mistakenly suggests that the dramatic increase in prostate cancer incidence is due to increasing performance of transurethral resection of the prostate. The increase in prostate cancer detection during the past 10 years is due largely to increased PSA testing, while the number of transurethral resections performed has decreased markedly.<sup>1</sup>
Nitrous Oxide for Colonoscopy Discomfort: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: A. Lindblom, O. Jansson, B. Jeppsson, K. Törnebrandt, C. Benoni, J. L. Hedenbro
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

The possibility of reducing recovery time after colonoscopy was studied using patient-administered nitrous oxide and comparing it with our standard treatment of ketobemidone plus midazolam. Fifty consecutive colonoscopy patients were randomized to receive either (i) intravenous ketobemidone hydrochloride 2.5 mg, midazolam 2.5 mg, and breathing air from a face mask with a demand valve (KHM) or (ii) intravenous saline and a breathing mixture of even parts of oxygen and nitrous oxide (Entonox) from the same valve setup. Patient discomfort during colonoscopy was assessed using visual analogue scales. All patients were allowed to stay for recovery as long as they wanted, and the time was measured. Modified recollection tests were performed prior to colonoscopy and when the patients left the Endoscopy Unit, in order to study the degree of mental impairment induced by the procedure and the medication. All patients had complete colonoscopies of the same duration in both groups. Discomfort during colonoscopy was rated the same in both groups (2p = 0.6413). Both groups of patients scored identically in the precolonoscopy recollection test. Most patients had a lower score after colonoscopy, but Entonox-treated patients scored significantly better than those with KHM (2p = 0.0250). Patients treated with Entonoxopted to leave the Unit directly after the procedure (median 0 minutes; interquartile range 0-5 minutes) compared to 38 minutes for those with KHM (interquartile range 10-75 min), 2p < 0.001. It seems from our data that nitrous oxide gives pain relief equal to that in our standard treatment. Its use also enables patients to go home sooner than, and with at least the same degree of mental alertness as, after a longer recovery following ketobemidone plus midazolam.
Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Lung Cancer: Who, What, and When?
Authors: David E. Gerber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

A 60-year-old woman with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and 35-pack-year smoking history is referred for treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). She initially presented after a transient ischemic attack, when a chest radiograph demonstrated a right lung mass. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a 5-cm right upper lobe mass, without mediastinal adenopathy, and a 6-cm cystic mass in the spleen. Additional imaging showed no brain metastasis. Endobronchial ulstrasound-guided core biopsies of the lung mass and ipsilateral mediastinal nodes confirmed a poorly differentiated non-small-cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for napsin A and thyroid transcription factor 1, suggestive of adenocarcinoma (Fig 1). Molecular analysis identified a KRAS G12C mutation. A positron emission tomography (PET) -CT scan demonstrated [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right upper lobe mass and splenic lesion (Fig 2A). CT-guided fine-needle aspiration of the splenic lesion was performed and revealed metastatic carcinoma, consistent with the lung primary. Treatment with carboplatin plus pemetrexed was initiated, without bevacizumab because of the recent transient ischemic attack; carboplatin was selected over cisplatin because of similar concerns. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy without complications, and repeat imaging showed decrease in size of the lung mass and splenic lesion (Figs 2B and 2C). After four cycles of chemotherapy, a chest CT showed ongoing response (Fig 2D). Her Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status remained 0.
P644 PREDICTION OF ALT FLARES IN THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY FROM THE NIDDK HEPATITIS B RESEARCH NETWORK (HBRN)
Authors: M. Brahmania, W.P. Brouwer, R. Perrillo, W.R. Kim, D. Wong, J. Feld, H. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Lung Function and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: G. Engström, P. Lind, B. Hedblad, P. Wollmer, L. Stavenow, L. Janzon, F. Lindgärde
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The inverse relationship between pulmonary function and incidence of cardiovascular disease remains largely unexplained. This prospective study explored the hypothesis of a relationship with inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins. Methods and Results— Forced vital capacity (FVC) and plasma levels of fibrinogen, α 1 -antitrypsin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and orosomucoid were determined in 5064 healthy men aged 28 to 61 years. All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incidence of myocardial infarction were monitored over a mean follow-up period of 18.4 years. Low FVC (fourth quartile) was associated with higher protein levels and with increased incidences of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Adjustments for protein levels reduced the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for myocardial infarction (from 1.99, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.6, to 1.70, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) and cardiovascular death (from 2.71, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, to 2.28, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.3) among men with low FVC, corresponding to ≈25% of the excess risk. The risk factor–adjusted RRs were reduced from 1.45 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) to 1.38 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) and from 1.96 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.8) to 1.85 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.7) for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death, respectively, corresponding to ≈10% to 15% of the excess risk. Among men with low FVC, the risk factor–adjusted RR for myocardial infarction was 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.6) for those with high protein levels (≥2 proteins in top quartile) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.4) for those with low protein levels (≤1 protein in top quartile; reference, top quartile of FVC and low protein levels). Conclusions— FVC is significantly and inversely associated with plasma levels of inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins. This relationship contributes to but cannot fully explain the increased cardiovascular risk among men with low FVC.
Conservation of Blood in Operations on Anemic Patients.
Authors: Lester W. Day
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Minneapolis, May1, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In performing a perineorrhaphy on a very anemic woman recently. I used a one to one thousand solution of sterilized adrenalin chlorid in the vagina and a practically bloodless operation was performed. The mucous membrane of the vagina blanched almost immediately and the anesthetizer reported a marked improvement in the heart's action. Healing occurred without any drawback. Have any similar cases been reported? If so, are there any contra-indications?
Eric James Strachan
Authors: N. J. Strachan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Cheshire (b Huntly, Aberdeenshire, 1912; q Aberdeen 1934), died peacefully in his sleep on 29 January 2002. 

He was medical officer for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in southern Persia from 1939 to 1940, when he returned to England to enlist. His wartime career was varied and fruitful and he rose to become commanding officer of 159 Field Ambulance in Austria and Greece with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He worked in general practice in Cheshire from 1946 until 1977, continuing part time until 1982. Last year he was diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease. In January 2002 tumours were discovered and finally a lung infection developed into bronchial pneumonia. He leaves a wife, Phyllis; and a son.
H.R. 7036 and the Future of the N.I.H.
Authors: Theodore Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

IN an editorial in the July 3 issue of the Journal, Julius Krevans called attention to some important legislative proposals that dealt with the future of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).These proposals (H.R.7036, the Health Research Act of 1980, and S.988, the Health Sciences Promotion Act of 1979) have been passed by large majorities in the House of Representatives and the Senate. The bills are now "in conference"; during this procedure, the differences between the bills are explored, and some compromise or reconciliation is expected to be worked out by a committee made up of members of . . .
A Novel Probe as Surface Glycan Marker of Pluripotent Stem Cells: Research Outcomes and Application to Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Jun Hirabayashi, Hiroaki Tateno, Yasuko Onuma, Yuzuru Ito
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), represented by embryonic stem (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are attracting increasing attention in various research fields. However, their application in a clinical scenario must overcome an important hurdle given that these cells are potentially tumorigenic. This inherent problem becomes more significant as the number of transplanted cells becomes larger. In this Progress Report, recent findings concerning a novel glycan marker for hPSCs are described, as well as attempts made in relation to its practical application to regenerative medicine. In line with current thinking in the glycoscience field, it is assumed that cellular glycomes are closely related to cell functions. Based on this premise, hESCs and hiPSCs are analyzed by an advanced glycan profiling technology—the high‐density lectin microarray. It is found that all human iPSCs derived from different tissular origins show essentially the same glycan profiles, which are typified by several characteristic structural features. In addition, a recombinant lectin probe, rBC2LCN, which shows rigorous specificity to H type 1 and 3 glycan structures, is found to serve as an excellent probe for hPSCs.
A Novel Polypyrimidine Antitumor Agent FdUMP[10] Induces Thymineless Death with Topoisomerase I-DNA Complexes
Authors: Zhi-Yong Liao, Olivier Sordet, Hong-Liang Zhang, Glenda Kohlhagen, Smitha Antony, William H. Gmeiner, Yves Pommier
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

FdUMP[10], a 10mer of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), the thymidylate synthase inhibitory metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (FU), is most closely correlated with the DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor camptothecin in the National Cancer Institute COMPARE analysis, but not with FU. FdUMP[10] exhibits more potent antiproliferative activity than FdUMP or 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdU) and is markedly more active than FU. Camptothecin-resistant P388/CPT45 cells lacking Top1 are cross-resistant to FdUMP[10] as well as to FdUMP, FdU, and the thymidylate synthase inhibitor raltitrexed (Tomudex). FdUMP[10] induces DNA single-strand breaks and cellular Top1-DNA complexes. Such complexes are also observed in response to FdUMP, FdU, raltitrexed, and FU. The FdUMP[10]-induced Top1-DNA complexes are not inhibited by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and form independently of apoptotic DNA fragmentation, indicating that they do not correspond to apoptotic Top1-DNA complexes. In biochemical assay, Top1 is directly trapped at uracil and FdU misincorporation sites. We propose that FdUMP[10] damages DNA by trapping Top1 at uracil and FdU misincorporation sites resulting from thymidylate synthase inhibition and thymine depletion.
Working the "graveyard" shift increases risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Working night shifts can be hazardous to health. Women who work rotating night shifts face an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, a new prospective observational study has found ( Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003;5:825-8).

Researchers led by Dr Eva Schernhammer of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and from the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Applied Cancer Research in Vienna, Austria, uncovered this link by following 78 586 women nurses who were enrolled in a longitudinal epidemiological study known as the nurses health study.

The investigators used a prospective observational design—that is, the participants in the study were enrolled before developing tumours of the large bowel and were observed throughout the course of the study, which lasted from 1988 to 1998.

The researchers tried to control for possible confounding factors such as age, physical activity, smoking history, socioeconomic status, sigmoidoscopy screening, nutritional intake, and use of multivitamins, calcium, aspirin, and oral contraception.

Women who had a history of any cancer …