tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 8796: Comparison of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve Measurement by Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography with 320-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Predicting Coronary Artery Stenosis in Calcified Lesions in the Three Major Coronary Arteries
Authors: Kentaro Kakuta, Kaoru Dohi, Takashi Yamanaka, Masaki Kawamura, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Shiro Nakamori, Takashi Tanigawa, Norikazu Yamada, Mashio Nakamura, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) measurement using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) by comparing 320-row multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) for predicting coronary artery stenosis in calcified lesions in the 3 major coronary arteries. Methods and Results: Invasive coronary angiography (ICA), CTCA, and CFR measurement were performed in 101 patients. The presence of stenosis ≥50% was considered significant stenosis by ICA. By CTCA, the degree of coronary artery calcification was assessed using the Agatston calcium score (CS) method. Prospectively electrocardiographically-gated CTCA was performed with the use of test-injection method for the assessment of coronary artery stenosis. Coronary flow velocity was recorded in each target coronary artery by TTDE at rest and during hyperemia induced by intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate. CFR &lt;2, calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak and mean diastolic velocity, was considered ≥50% stenosis. Results: A significant coronary stenosis by ICA was found in 60 vessels. Coronary artery legions were successfully assessed in 91% and 95% of all vessels by CTCA and TTDE, respectively. CTCA had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 73%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% in patients with 0-299 CS, and had a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 67%, a PPV of 47%, and an NPV of 95% in patients with 300-599 CS for predicting coronary artery stenosis. In patients with ≥ 600 CS, 73% of vessels were unassessable. CFR&lt;2.0 had a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 90%, a PPV of 71%, and an NPV of 97% in patients with 0-299 CS, had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 89%, a PPV of 79%, and an NPV of 96% in patients with 300-599 CS, and had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85%, a PPV of 77%, and an NPV of 100 % in patients with ≥ 600 CS for predicting coronary artery stenosis. Conclusions: CFR measurement accurately predicts significant coronary artery stenosis irrespectively of the degree of coronary artery calcification whereas progression of coronary calcification negatively influences diagnostic accuracy of CTCA-based assessment of coronary artery stenosis.
Three-dimensional cortical morphometry of the planum temporale in childhood-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Leslie K. Jacobsen, Jay N. Giedd, Cigdem Tanrikut, Daniel R. Brady, Brian C. Donohue, Susan D. Hamburger, Sanjiv Kumra, Javad Alaghband-Rad, Judith M. Rumsey, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Anomalous planum temporale asymmetry has been linked to both schizophrenia and dyslexia. The authors examined the planum temporale of adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia who had a high rate of prepsychotic language disorders.Planum temporale area and asymmetry were measured in 16 right-handed adolescent patients with schizophrenia who had experienced onset of psychosis by age 12. The same measures were made in 16 healthy adolescents matched for age, sex, and handedness.No differences between the healthy adolescents and those with schizophrenia in planum temporale area or asymmetry were observed. Prepsychotic language disorder predicted abnormal planum temporale asymmetry in the adolescents with schizophrenia.These findings do not support anomalous planum temporale asymmetry as a basis for psychopathology in childhood-onset schizophrenia.
Treatment of toenail onychomycosis
Authors: F. Kavalier, P. Rose, T. Wilson, J. Harris, E G V Evans, M. Mullner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Evans and Sigurgeirsson show that one form of treatment for toenail onychomycosis (continuous terbinafine) is significantly better than another (intermittent itraconazole).1 But I find it disturbing that the journal has given such prominence (the first paper in the journal and the first item in This Week in the BMJ) to a comparative drug trial of two well established drugs that was financed entirely by the manufacturer of one of the drugs.

The introduction to the paper cites a prevalence of onychomycosis of 2-4%, yet the study population consisted of patients with severe onychomycosis (on average a 10 year history with six toenails affected; this fact is tucked away in the last paragraph). No evidence is presented to show the relevance of the study to a wider population of patients with mild or moderate onychomycosis.

The optimistic key message (repeated in This Week in the BMJ) that “fungal nail disease is curable” is correct only in the sense that about half of the patients who took terbinafine showed a complete cure at 72 weeks. This accords with Epstein's recent review of the success of oral treatment of onychomycosis.2 Would it not have been equally true (although more pessimistic, and certainly less promotional) to say “fungal nail disease is incurable”?

The paper states: “As with the mycological cure rates the clinical cure rates for the continuous terbinafine groups continued to increase after treatment through to week 72. This was not the case for the intermittent itraconazole groups.” The graphs on p 1034, however, tell a different story. They show that the cure rates for both forms of treatment continued to increase substantially after treatment stopped.

I was particularly disturbed to see that the authors acknowledged the “constant help and guidance throughout this project” of an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Why, I asked myself, was it necessary to have the constant help and guidance of the manufacturer of one of the drugs being studied?

As a general practitioner who often receives letters from podiatrists asking me to prescribe 12-16 week courses of systemic terbinafine for relatively mild and insignificant nail discoloration, I am also concerned about the cost (£134-£178) and the cost-benefit analysis of such treatment. I predict that the paper's final key message—“Continuous terbinafine should be the current treatment of choice for onychomycosis”—will soon appear in promotional material for terbinafine. But is it a claim that should be made in the scientific pages of the BMJ, or should it be confined to the advertisements?
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: A. Y Shalev
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The purpose of this work was to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) delivered and released regionally in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this open-label, randomized, crossover study, oral capsules and InteliSite delivery capsules containing LDX (50 mg) with radioactive marker were delivered to the proximal small bowel (PSB), distal SB (DSB), and ascending colon (AC) during separate periods. Gamma scintigraphy evaluated regional delivery and GI transit. LDX and <i>d</i>-amphetamine in blood were measured postdose (≤72 h). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed. Healthy males (<i>n</i> = 18; 18–48 years) were enrolled. Mean (S.D.) maximal plasma concentration (<i>C</i><sub>max</sub>) was 37.6 (4.54), 40.5 (4.95), 38.7 (6.46), and 25.7 (9.07) ng/ml; area under the concentration-time curve to the last measurable time point was 719.1 (157.05), 771.2 (152.88), 752.4 (163.38), and 574.3 (220.65) ng · h · ml<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for <i>d</i>-amphetamine after oral, PSB, DSB, and AC delivery of LDX. Median time to <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> was 5, 4, 5, and 8 h, respectively. Most TEAEs were mild to moderate. No clinically meaningful changes were observed (laboratory, physical examination, or electrocardiogram). LDX oral administration or targeted delivery to small intestine had similar <i>d</i>-amphetamine systemic exposure, indicating good absorption, and had reduced absorption after colonic delivery. The safety profile was consistent with other LDX studies.
CLASSIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: W L Holman
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Growth hormone in growth hormone deficiency
Authors: J.-C. Carel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—We were surprised that in his editorial to our paper Saenger challenged our conclusions that most patients treated for growth hormone deficiency do not have this condition, and that controlled trials should be organised to evaluate the long term effects of growth hormone in most of the patients currently treated.1 Saenger supports the use of an integrated approach to diagnosing growth hormone deficiency and the wider use of IGF-1 measurements, as suggested by the Growth Hormone Research Society. However, his recent publications, as coauthor or senior author, do not reflect his plea.2,3 This contradiction reflects the widespread contrast between the recommendations in consensus guidelines and current practice or clinical research protocols.

In the absence of a gold standard, how can growth hormone deficiency be defined? We propose using long term results of treatment in comparison with spontaneous outcome. The results of our observational study indicate that most patients had no clear benefit. Saenger argues that the patients in our paper were not treated for long enough and therefore do not provide long term results of growth hormone treatment. He contrasts our results with those reported by Blethen et al in 121 patients from the national cooperative growth study database, who were treated for a mean of 6.2 years compared with 3.2 years in our report.4

We included all patients who had started treatment to calculate its mean duration, whereas the 121 patients analysed represent less than 1% of around 14 000 patients in the national cooperative growth study. If we had selected only the 1% of patients with the longest treatment duration, our mean treatment duration would have been 7.9 years. We thought that we had made it clear in our paper that reports focusing on patients with longer treatments give a biased and overoptimistic view of the results. Obviously not clearly enough.

We agree with Saenger that you can draw an analogy between the real estate business and use of growth hormone: better location in real estate and longer duration of growth hormone treatment both mean higher costs. However, a good location in real estate generally results in a good long term investment whereas the result of long term growth hormone treatment is still debatable.
Abstract 18725: Exercise Capacity and Level of Physical Activity in a Broad Population of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Linda K Ashman, Linda M Johansson, Anna-Klara Zetterström, åsa Cider, Peter Eriksson, Mikael Dellborg
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose: To evaluate exercise capacity and physical activity level in a broad population of Swedish men and women with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Material and Methods: From April 2009 to December 2012, 1176 patients with ACHD, seen at regular visits in an ACHD-unit were assessed for the possibility and individual need to take part in tests of physical fitness. The patients performed a submaximal ergometer bicycle test to evaluate exercise capacity and filled in the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess the level of physical activity. Results: Four hundred and seventy three patients (40.2 %) performed the tests and the demographics of these patients and the results of the tests are presented in table 1. Conclusions: The correlation between exercise capacity and the level of physical activity is low in patients with ACHD and this finding is in congruence with former studies in healthy persons. To judge exercise capacity of a patient with ACHD using self reported physical activity should therefore be used with caution before exercise capacity is objectively assessed. Table 1. Demographic data of patients with ACHD categorized according to the physical activity level assessed by IPAQ.
Extramurally Speaking Nanotechnology and Nanoengineering
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Nanotechnology is defined as the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter at a scale of 1-100 nanometers, as well as the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale.Although the word "nanotechnology" is new, the processes are not.Photography and catalysis are examples of nanotechnology that were developed through the process of trial and error and that have been around for a while.Nature is the master of nanotechnology, transforming atoms of various elements into miniature building blocks and power plants that result in a living, functional person.And the photosynthetic machinery that harnesses solar power and converts it to chemical energy in plants is another prime example of nature's nanotechnology capability.In the same way that miniaturization has changed the world of electronics, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, biotechnology, energy, environmental remediation, and much more.The ability to manipulate atoms and electrons will allow the probing of nanometer-scale structures, ultimately yielding the ability to control the fundamental properties of materials.In turn, this will allow scientists to increase the efficiency of chemical reactions, create harder, more durable materials, manufacture drugs with more precise activity, develop diagnostic tools that can be placed inside cells, and achieve many other accomplishments not yet imagined.The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is particularly interested in the possibilities that nanotechnology presents to the field of biomedicine.To that end, in June 2000, the NIH held a meeting titled "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Shaping Biomedical Research."The intent of the meeting was to foster scientific interchange and communication among the nanoscience, nanotechnology, and biomedical research communities, and to identify future applications of nanotechnology relative to biology and medicine.
Abstract 2645: Longer Ventricular Fibrillation Detection Duration Does Not Increase Rate of Undersensing: Results from the PREPARE Study
Authors: Stephen Moore, Richard Stern, Mark L Brown, Brooke M Heubner, Jim W Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The PREPARE study was designed to evaluate ICD detection and therapy parameters strategically selected to safely reduce all-cause shocks in patients with primary prevention indications by treating only truly sustained fast VT/VF. Electrophysiologic properties have been shown to deteriorate during long-duration VF episodes. There was concern that electrogram deterioration might result in increased undersensing (US) and delayed detection of VF. In this analysis we compared the rate of US between episodes detected with shorter (number of intervals to detect (NID) =12/16) and longer (NID=30/40) detection settings to assess whether delayed detection times for VF increased the rate of US. Methods: All induced VT/VF episodes from PREPARE patients programmed to NID 12/16 or 30/40 and sensitivity 1.2 mV were included in the analysis. US was determined automatically from the stored episode record. The numbers of US and the times from onset through initial detection and from detection to shock were computed. The rates of US over time were compared between the shorter and longer NIDs using a GEE analysis with time as the offset. Results: Seven hundred fifty six VF inductions in 432 patients from the PREPARE study were included in the analysis. There were 319 VF inductions (180 pts) with NID 12/16 and 437 VF inductions (261 pts) with NID 30/40. The average time from VF onset to shock increased from 6.0 to 9.5 seconds with the longer VFNID with no evidence of an increase in the rate of US over time. Conclusion: The longer NID delayed shock delivery by an average of 3.5 seconds but did not result in an increased rate of undersensing.
Abstract 5686: Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) Signaling Regulates Platelet Migration
Authors: Bjoern Kraemer, Miriam Koch, Boris Bigalke, Karin Daub, Bejamin Urban, Laura Schwanitz, Meinrad Gawaz, Stephan Lindemann
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Platelets have been regarded as static cells that do not move once they adhere to a matrix. In contrast to the current opinion, we found that platelets were mobile, able to migrate over a surface, and transmigrated through a transwell membrane and endothelium toward a source of SDF-1(See Sketch 1 and Image 2 below). Platelet migration was regulated by SDF-1 signaling, which involves Phosphoinositol 3-Kinase (PI3-Kinase) and downstream SGK1 (Serum- and Glucocorticoid regulated Kinase-1). SGK1 is a central element in ion channel homeostasis that is crucial for cytoskeletal rearrangement. Thus, the regulation of platelet migration describes an entirely novel functional area of SGK1. In vivo transmigration experiments in mice using intravital microscopy showed platelet invasion into post-ischemic vascular areas, but significantly decreased invasion by murine SGK1 −/− platelets (see photomicrographs, Image 3 and Table 4). Corresponding in vitro transmigration experiments revealed that SGK1 −/− platelets show significantly decreased response to SDF-1 and migratory activity (Table 4). The potential of platelets to migrate may substantially redefine the role of platelets in the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation, subsequent atherosclerotic degeneration and vascular regeneration.
Abstract 11210: Combined Therapy of Skeletal Myoblast Cell-Sheet Transplantation with Administration of Prostacycline Agonist Makes Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling on the Impaired Myocardium in Rapid-Pacing Induced End-stage Heart Failure in Canine Heart
Authors: Tomonori Shirasaka, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Atsuhiro Saito, Ayako Uchinaka, Motoko Shiozaki, Naomasa Kawaguchi, Nariaki Matsuura, Satoshi Nakatani, Yoshiki Sakai, Yutaka Okita, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Specific photothermal therapy to the tumors with high EphB4 receptor expression
Authors: Zuhua Wang, Jihong Sun, Yunqing Qiu, Wei Li, Xiaomeng Guo, Qingpo Li, Hanbo Zhang, Jialin Zhou, Yongzhong Du, Hong Yuan, Fuqiang Hu, Jian You
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract P057: High Risk for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Christoph H Saely, Alexander Vonbank, Philipp Rein, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction and Hypothesis: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD); the important question whether conversely CAD confers an increased risk for future diabetes has not been studied so far and is addressed in the present study. Methods: We prospectively recorded incident diabetes over 7.5 years in 506 consecutive non-diabetic Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable CAD, covering 3795 patient years. Results: During follow-up, 107 patients developed diabetes, i.e. 21.1% of the study population or 2.8% per year. Patients with significant CAD (n = 293) were at a 33% (p = 0.027) increased diabetes risk compared to subjects who did not have significant CAD at the baseline angiography. In search for the factors predisposing to diabetes we identified the metabolic syndrome (MetS) stigmata low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.97 [1.24-3.12]; p = 0.004), high triglycerides (OR = 2.01 [1.26-3.20]; p = 0.004), large waist (OR 2.55 [1.61-4.05]; p &lt;0.001 using the NCEP-ATPIII, 2.10 [1.24-3.54]; p = 0.005 using the IDF cut-off values), and elevated fasting glucose (OR = 3.86 [2.33-6.38]) as well as the clinical entity of the MetS (OR 2.91 [1.83-4.64]; p &lt;0.001) to be powerful predictors of diabetes. Consequently, the relationship between CAD and incident diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for the MetS status. Statin use was not significantly associated with diabetes incidence. Conclusions: The presence of CAD indicates a strongly increased risk for incident diabetes. Repeated diabetes screening of coronary patients and targeted programs to prevent diabetes in these high-risk patients are warranted.
Abstract 606: Myocardial Protection by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3{beta} Inhibition during Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jeejabai Radhakrishnan, Iyad M Ayoub, Sufen Wang, Julieta D Kolarova, Domenico M Taglieri, Raul J Gazmuri
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: GSK-3β functions as a “master switch” that is negatively regulated by various cardioprotective mechanisms. GSK-3β is upregulated by tyrosine 216 phosphorylation (P-Y216) and downregulat...
Efficacy and Safety of Fasudil in Patients With Stable Angina
Authors: Ralph M. Vicari, Bernard Chaitman, Deborah Keefe, William B. Smith, Steven G. Chrysant, Melvin J. Tonkon, Neville Bittar, Robert J. Weiss, Hugo Morales-Ballejo, Udho Thadani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Unusual increase of psittacosis in southern Sweden linked to wild bird exposure, January to April 2013
Authors: M Rehn, H Ringberg, A Runehagen, B Herrmann, B Olsen, A C Petersson, M Hjertqvist, S Kühlmann-Berenzon, A Wallensten
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Free-living wild birds worldwide act as reservoir for Chlamydia psittaci, but the risk of transmission to humans through contact with wild birds has not been widely documented. From 12 January to April 9 2013, a total of 25 cases of psittacosis were detected in southern Sweden, about a threefold increase compared with the mean of the previous 10 years. A matched case-control study investigating both domestic and wild bird exposure showed that cases were more likely than controls to have cleaned wild bird feeders or been exposed to wild bird droppings in other ways (OR: 10.1; 95% CI: 2.1-47.9). We recommend precautionary measures such as wetting bird feeders before cleaning them, to reduce the risk of transmission of C. psittaci when in contact with bird droppings. Furthermore, C. psittaci should be considered for inclusion in laboratory diagnostic routines when analysing samples from patients with atypical pneumonia, since our findings suggest that psittacosis is underdiagnosed.
社区口腔医疗机构发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁分析
Authors: 王钺
Journal: BMJ (2007)

优势（strengths）、劣势（weakness）、机会（opportunities）和威胁（threats）分析（即SWOT分析），是现代企业管理中最常用的一种企业内外部环境条件战略因素综合分析方法，通过分析环境变化而发现机会和挑战，识别自身优势和劣势，并制定最佳策略。优势是指机构具备的优于竞争者的能力和资源；劣势是指机构具备的弱于竞争者的能力和资源；机会是指环境中出现的机构生存与发展的趋势。