tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protein oxidative damage in the stratum corneum: evidence for a link between environmental oxidants and the changing prevalence and nature of atopic dermatitis in Japan
Authors: Y. Niwa, H. Sumi, K. Kawahira, T. Terashima, T. Nakamura, H. Akamatsu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased in Japan, along with the number of patients with severe and treatment‐resistant AD in urban and industrial areas. We hypothesize that these changes could be due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental pollution and solar radiation. Objectives To demonstrate whether direct oxidative protein damage of the stratum corneum of the biopsied skin from AD patients is increased when compared with controls. Patients and methods Carbonyl moieties in skin biopsies from 75 patients with AD were assessed using both spectrophotometric and immunohistochemical detection of the formation of dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNP) from dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). These were compared with diseased and normal controls. Lipid peroxidation was also assessed by staining with antibody to 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE), an aldehyde product of oxidized ω‐6‐fatty acids. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an effective scavenger of ROS, was assessed and compared with controls. Results The level of protein carbonyl moieties in patients' skin was elevated and correlated directly with the severity of the disease. In contrast, DNP formation was not significantly increased in diseased controls, when compared with healthy volunteers, and no statistical significance was found between the two control groups. SOD activity was increased except for those with extra‐severe disease. Positive staining with anti‐DNP antibody and anti‐4‐HNE antibody were found in the most superficial layers of the stratum corneum. Conclusions This study has found an association between AD severity and markers of ROS‐associated damage, adding weight to the hypothesis that environmentally generated ROS may induce oxidative protein damage in the stratum corneum, leading to the disruption of barrier function and exacerbation of AD.
Disentangling Kaposi's sarcoma.
Authors: M S Hutt, J M Bland
Journal: BMJ (1978)

justifiably concerned that her baby was convulsing in utero.It was subsequently noticed that her baby was frequently affected by hiccups following a feed.The hiccups occurred at a rate of one per second and lasted for several minutes at a time; this phenomenon persisted to the age of three months.It is known that the fetus drinks liquor in utero, and hiccups have been demonstrated by real-time ultrasound scanning.'Hiccuping in utero might explain the observations of these mothers and such an explanation by her doctor would help to allay genuine anxieties.Real-time scanning would be valuable to confirm this diagnosis when the technique is available.
TWO CASES OF DOUBLE GLIOMA RETINAE
Authors: A. R. Moodie
Journal: BMJ (1920)

S56 DM ai DOUBLE GLIOMA -RETINAE.tYra Dania and only the small stump of-one of the toes remained on -the right foot.The face was free from signs of lepros,y.Oseol stibium 2.5 c,cm.was injected into the right deltoid mnuscle on August 23rd, 4 c.cm. on the 24th, and 5 c.cm. on the 25th and 26th.As there was some diarrhoea on August 27th and 28th, the injections were discontinued until August 30th, when 4 c.cm. were given without ill effect.On August 31st the patient was feeling very well, and all the ulcers were dry.No further treatment has been given.On September 20th the extremities were still free from discharge, and all the stiffness had gone from the patient's hands, which
Outcomes in elderly patients after intensive care
Authors: R. J. Boland
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Chelluri and associates 1 should be commended on their evaluation of the relationship between age and longterm outcome of intensive  patients. In a time when geriatricians are referring to the elderly in terms of youngold and old-old , it becomes clear that age alone is too crude a measure of functioning, and the thought that it might be used as a criterion for allocating health care is vaguely chilling.  In looking at their choices for outcome measures, it is unfortunate that they did not choose to look specifically at neuropsychological functioning in their population. Quality of life, activities of daily living, and perhaps even depression, although related to cognitive functioning, are not predictive of it. Cognitive status testing may, on the other hand, be a more reliable predictor of those and other outcome measurements. With a number of well-validated mental status screens available (particularly in view of
Depletion of CD4+ T cells aggravates glomerular and interstitial injury in murine adriamycin nephropathy
Authors: Yiping Wang, Yang Wang, Ximin Feng, Shisan Bao, Shounan Yi, Lukas Kairaitis, Yuet-Ching Tay, Gopala K. Rangan, David C.H. Harris
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Distribution of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases in primate tissues.
Authors: B S Khatra, R K Chawla, C W Sewell, D Rudman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The specific activity of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid (BCKA) dehydrogenases was measured in normal tissues of the rat, monkey, and man, and in cirrhotic human liver. In the rat, specific activity of the dehydrogenases in liver, kidney, and muscle averaged 33, 26, and 0.4 U/g wet tissue, respectively; proportion of the body's content of the enzyme located in these three organs was 70, 12, and 10%. In the monkey, specific activities in liver and kidney were only one-half to one-third as great as in the rat, whereas activity in muscle was the same; the monkey's body content of dehydrogenase was distributed 50% in liver, 13% in kidney, and 20% in muscle. In man, specific activities in liver and kidney were only 1/15th to 1/25th as great as in the rat, but activity in skeletal muscle was the same. Distribution of the dehydrogenases in man was 30% in liver, 2% in kidneys, and 60% in muscle. In six patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, specific activity of the dehydrogenase in liver was reduced to 20-50% of normal (average, 32%). This reduction may alter the efficiency of BCKA as substitutes for branched-chain amino acids when BCKA are administered orally, but will have little influence on efficiency when they are given intravenously.
Filing Systems for Medical Literature
Authors: Richard Gaeke
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were delighted to see the recent article by Karl Singer, MD (241:1492, 1979), describing his use of the classic systems of Wintrobe (as reported by Fuller<sup>1</sup>) and Ultmann<sup>2</sup>for filing medical literature. We want to draw attention to our own report on this topic, where we described a modification of the same filing system that increases its utility for beginners, especially first- or second-year medical students.<sup>3</sup>The system we described is tied closely to a single textbook of medicine. The student does not attempt to generate a comprehensive list of topics but uses the chapter titles of the textbook, essentially without modification, as the titles of his file folders. All input and retrieval is then guided by the textbooks' index, which also serves as a cross-reference. Thus, the effort required to set up the system is small, and little sophistication is required of
Endoscopic laser palliation for advanced malignant dysphagia.
Authors: S G Bown, R Hawes, K Matthewson, C P Swain, H Barr, P B Boulos, C G Clark
Journal: Gut (1987)

Palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia aims to optimise swallowing for the maximum time possible with the minimum of general distress to these seriously ill patients. Thirty four patients considered unsuitable for surgery because of advanced malignancy, other major pathology or in whom previous surgery had been unsuccessful were treated endoscopically with the Nd YAG laser. Significant improvement was achieved in 29 (85%). On a scale of 0-4 (0 = normal swallowing; 4 = dysphagia for all fluids), mean improvement was 1.7, with 25 patients (74%) able to swallow most, or all solids after treatment. With increasing experience, the average number of treatment sessions required for each patient became less; initial time in hospital became comparable to that needed for intubation. Failures were caused by inappropriate patient selection (3), or laser related perforation (2). The mean survival in the whole group was 19 weeks (range 2-44). Eighteen patients needed further treatment for recurrent dysphagia, a mean of six weeks (range 2-15) after initial therapy. Ten of these responded, but eight eventually required insertion of a prosthetic tube. The duration of good palliation was very variable after initial laser therapy.
Gram-Negative Endocarditis in Patients without Cardiac Prosthetic Valves.
Authors: Corwin R. Dunn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Gram-Negative Endocarditis in Patients without Cardiac Prosthetic Valves.Corwin R. Dunn, M.D., James S. Tan, M.D., John P. Shair, M.D.Corwin R. Dunn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James S. Tan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John P. Shair, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-863_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGram-negative organisms have been implicated as the causative agent in 5 to 10% of cases of endocarditis. Up to one half of reported cases, however, represented infected prosthetic valves; the remainder were not described as a separate entity. Twelve cases seen at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, including three discovered at autopsy, were reviewed. None of the cases were in drug addicts. Diagnosis was based on antemortem blood cultures or clinical or autopsy findings. These cases represent approximately 6% of the patients with endocarditis seen during 1946-71. Causative bacteria includedEscherichia coli(3),Enterobacter(3),Actinobacillus(2),Proteus mirabilis... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Corwin R. Dunn, M.D.; James S. Tan, M.D.; John P. Shair, M.D.Affiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 863-863KeywordsAddictsAutopsyBacteriaBloodEndocarditisEnterobacterEscherichia coliProsthetic device infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Residual Plaque Burden in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes After Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: John A. McPherson, Akiko Maehara, Giora Weisz, Gary S. Mintz, Ecaterina Cristea, Roxana Mehran, Michael Foster, Stefan Verheye, Leroy Rabbani, Ke Xu, Martin Fahy, Barry Templin, Zhen Zhang, Alexandra J. Lansky, Bernard de Bruyne, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Five year follow-up of double Master's test, maximal treadmill stress test, and resting and postexercise apexcardiogram in asymptomatic persons.
Authors: W S Aronow, J Cassidy
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The double Master's test, the maximal treadmill stress test, the resting apexcardiogram, and the postexercise apexcardiogram significantly correlated with the development of subsequent coronary heart disease within five years in 100 asymptomatic persons. The maximal treadmill stress test correlated better than the double Master's test in predicting subsequent coronary heart disease. The presence of both an abnormal maximal treadmill stress and an abnormal a-wave ratio in the postexercise apexcardiogram had the best value in predicting subsequent coronary heart disease.
A 71-Year-Old Woman Contemplating a Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: William C. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (2006)

DR BURNS: Ms G is a 71-year-old woman with a past medical history of osteoporosis, mitral valve prolapse, mild rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism. She has Medicare. Ms G is trying to decide whether to undergo a colonoscopy to screen for colon cancer. Ms G is currently feeling well and has no active medical issues. Ms G’s physician has encouraged her to have a colonoscopy, but she remains reluctant to proceed for 3 reasons. First, she has had adverse reactions to anesthetic agents in the past and is concerned about a potential reaction to the agents that would be used for a colonoscopy. Second, she is concerned about needing transportation home after receiving a sedative because her husband has driving restrictions. Third, she is unsure about the importance of colonoscopy given her negative family history of colon cancer. In addition, she expressed a concern about the size of colonoscopes designed for adults. Of note, she has completed home-based fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) on a yearly to every-other-year basis, and test results have always been negative. She has never undergone flexible sigmoidoscopy. She has been screened for breast and cervical cancer. She has had bone densitometry and was found to have osteoporosis for which she currently takes alendronate as well as calcium and vitamin D. Ms G also has had cholesterol screening performed on a yearly basis. She is currently taking alendronate (70 mg weekly), calcium, vitamin D, and levothyroxine (75 μg daily) and reports vomiting as an adverse reaction to diazepam. She has undergone allergy testing, which revealed an allergy to epinephrine and all members of the “caine” family except carbocaine. She is married. She does not smoke and drinks red wine with dinner. She remains physically active around the home and in her garden and practices piano on a daily basis. Travel is restricted by her husband’s limited driving ability. MS G: HER VIEW I’ve had a lot of pressure from my doctor to have a colonoscopy, but I’m reluctant to have one for several reasons. First of all, you have to have some sort of a relaxant and I’m afraid to take one of those tranquilizer type things because I just react badly to that stuff. I talked to my doctor and she thought it might be possible to do it without sedation especially if they used pediatric equipment. Second, I could never have it done here. My husband is truly handicapped and cannot drive other than right around the house, so he could not drive me here and I’d have to have somebody else bring me down. The third thing is that my father is 1 of 9 children, my mother 1 of 5 and nobody has ever had colon cancer on either side of the family that we know. So those are my reasons. However, this summer it really hit me because my doctor said she thinks I should go ahead and have one because my health is so good, that I should, barring trucks hitting me, etc, last a long time, and that I should have the colonoscopy just in case there’s something lurking there. And I had never thought about it that way and I thought that was valid.
ONE HUNDRED SCHIZOPHRENIC CASES OF LATE HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: LEO MALETZ, GRACE H. KENT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

Schizophrenic cases of late onset or late hospitalization were collected up to the number 100, each patient being over forty-five when first admitted to a mental hospital. Thirty patients were upwards of fifty years when mental symptoms were first observed. Although there was no selection of cases with reference to sex, the group includes 85 females and only 15 males. Classification according to type shows 66 cases of the paranoid form, 24 of the catatonic form, and 10 cases of "other types." Most of the patients had been self-supporting up to the depression years. Including married women who took care of their homes, satisfactory occupational adjustment can be claimed for 81 persons. Only nine were wholly dependent. The group includes 47 unmarried persons, about three times as heavy a proportion of single persons as the 1930 census shows for the Massachusetts population of approximately the same age. Among the married persons of the group, seventy per cent made satisfactory marital adjustment up to the onset of the psychosis. Most of the patients were in relatively good physical health. Less than half of them appear to have shown definitely schizoid trends prior to the onset of psychosis, but it is observed that none occupied a position of leadership in the community. Regression of extreme degree is noted in only a few cases. Forty of the patients have been returned to the community and were doing well when last heard from. Among the 37 patients who are still in the hospital, 20 are good institutional workers and are in condition to have parole privileges for a considerable part of the time.
Phagocytosis of unopsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa by murine macrophages is a two-step process requiring glucose.
Authors: D P Speert, S Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pulmonary pathogen in cystic fibrosis, but the means by which it evades host defenses is understood poorly. Macrophages (M phi) are critical in protecting the lung and mucosal surfaces against infection and may need to perform their functions in the absence of opsonins before the evolution of an inflammatory response. The purpose of the present study was to define factors that regulate the capacity of macrophages to mediate nonopsonic phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of unopsonized P. aeruginosa by murine peritoneal and pulmonary alveolar M phi s was absolutely dependent upon the presence of glucose; only D-mannose could substitute. Glucose-dependent phagocytosis appears to be selective for P. aeruginosa by M phi s; ingestion of unopsonized zymosan, opsonized P. aeruginosa, EIgG, and E (IgM)C occurred in the presence or absence of glucose as did-ingestion of unopsonized P. aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. M phi binding and phagocytosis of unopsonized P. aeruginosa appeared to occur by a mechanism independent of complement receptor 3 and mannose receptors. Phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa killed by tobramycin or Formalin was glucose dependent, suggesting that the glucose exerted its effects on the M phi rather than the bacteria. The predilection of P. aeruginosa for lower airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis might be explained in part by the unique dependency upon glucose for M phi phagocytosis.
N-type calcium channel blockade: a new approach to preventing sudden cardiac death?
Authors: S. Nattel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Inhibition of N-type Ca2+ channels ameliorates an imbalance in cardiac autonomic nerve activity and prevents lethal arrhythmias in mice with heart failure’ by Y. Yamada et al. , pp. 183–193, this issue. 

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of death in the population, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a common terminal event in CHF.1 CHF patients have elevated resting sympathetic activity, and a simple carbohydrate meal can further raise their sympathetic nerve discharge rates to values characteristic of patients with acute myocardial infarction.2 Autonomic abnormalities play important roles in SCD due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) resulting from a wide range of cardiac pathologies, including ischaemic heart disease, CHF, and genetic SCD syndromes.3 Classical antiarrhythmic drugs are ineffective in preventing CHF-associated SCD,4 whereas beta-adrenoceptor antagonists have significant value,1 emphasizing the importance of the autonomic nervous system in VTs related to CHF.

A wide range of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels have been described, including L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) responsible for cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) involved in cardiac automaticity, and N-type neuronal Ca2+ channels (NTCCs).5 NTCCs, encoded by Cav2.2 (CACNA1B) subunits, are particularly involved in cardiovascular sympathetic regulation.6

In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Yamada et al. 7 report the results of a fascinating series of experiments that evaluate the role of NTCCs and their inhibition in a model of CHF-associated SCD. The model involves mice engineered to produce cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of a dominant-negative (dn) …
How war affected my life and work
Authors: A. Goci-Uka
Journal: BMJ (2002)

After two years of war in Kosova, air strikes began in Prishtina. I lived through three months of extreme anxiety. Every day I expected to get killed by the Serbian police, the paramilitary, a soldier, or even a neighbour. I remember listening to the BBC news, hearing horrific stories of civilians who were killed and buried in mass graves: young people, old people, women, and children. Nobody was safe, not even the politicians who were supposed to have immunity under international law. For the first two weeks I didn't go out at all, not because I felt safe at home, but because I wanted to be near my family in case something happened.

I was so anxious during those three months that sometimes I felt as if my head would explode. I was sure that we would all get killed, but hoped that by some miracle my children would survive, or that I would be …
Sidestream cigarette smoke.
Authors: C R Coggins
Journal: Circulation (1994)

these patients with no structural heart disease would lead to multiple replacements of generators over years with their inherent complications (especially infections) and their considerable eco- nomic cost.Our results support that in patients with idiopathic VF, one should elect to base treatment on results of electrophys- iological drug testing, especially with class IA agents.Of course, this would be possible only for patients with inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias at control study.Efforts should be made to increase sensitivity of programmed stimulation protocols in these patients.In our opinion, the use of repetition of extrastimulation may be very useful and should be systematically included in these protocols.56
Suicide and deliberate self harm in young people
Authors: Keith Hawton, Anthony James
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Deliberate self harm ranges from behaviours with no suicidal intent (but with the intent to communicate distress or relieve tension) through to suicide.Some 7%-14% of adolescents will self harm at some time in their life, and 20%-45% of older adolescents report having had suicidal thoughts at some time.
SPIROCHAETES OCCURRING IN THE URINE OF CASES OF "PYREXIA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN.": (Preliminary Note.)
Authors: S. W. Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1917)

_~CLJruaA cent. of the cases.If spirochaetes of the refringen= type are included, the incidence rises to 44 per cent.The spirocihaetes occurred in about 1 in 21 men sick of miscellaneous medical and surgical coffditiois,and in 1 in 5 of hbealthiy men.This difference is probably to be ascribed to differences in hlygiene, and to the variations in amount of flora of mucous surfaces familiar in other regions, in conditions of varying vigour.Thle variety of organisms makes it iuprobable that the nmere findinig of spiroclhaetes in tlle urine can lhave any diagnostic value in relation to tlle relapsing fevers until definite miiorphological or other differences are established between tlle various normal and patlhogenic varieties.TABLE I.-Incidence of Spirochaetes in 30 Hospital Patients.IUrtr.In Urethra or t In Urethra.near Orifice.* ~~~. . . . . . . .