tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparative split-face study of photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green and indole-3-acetic acid for the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: M.S. Jang, K.S. Doh, J.S. Kang, Y.S. Jeon, K.S. Suh, S.T. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Background Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a variety of light sources and photosensitizers has been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. PDT with aminolaevulinic or methylaminolaevulinic acid has also been used in clinical trials as a treatment for acne, but adverse effects such as pain, erythema and pustular eruption are common. Indocyanine green (ICG) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), newer photosensitizers, are known to have minimal adverse effects. Objectives This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of PDT using ICG and PDT using IAA in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods In this prospective, single-blind, clinical trial, 34 patients with mild to moderate acne were treated with IAA with green light (520 nm) on half of the face and with ICG with near-infrared radiation (805 nm) on the other half. The procedure was carried out five times at 1-week intervals. Results With regard to acne lesions (inflammatory and noninflammatory) and sebum secretion, there were statistically significant reductions at each time point compared with the baseline values (P &amp;lt;0·05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment types (P &amp;gt;0·05). Both ICG-PDT and IAA-PDT showed better responses for inflammatory lesions than for noninflammatory lesions (P &amp;lt;0·05). Subjective satisfaction score were statistically significant at 4 and 5 weeks of treatment as well as at 1, 2 and 3 months follow-up (P &amp;lt;0·05). Conclusions Both PDT with ICG and PDT with IAA are safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Hybrid nanoparticles improve targeting to inflammatory macrophages through phagocytic signals
Authors: Vaishali Bagalkot, Marcus A Badgeley, Thomas Kampfrath, Jeffrey A Deiuliis, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Andrei Maiseyeu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

Macrophages are innate immune cells with great phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to regulate an array of physiological processes such as host defense, tissue repair, and lipid/lipoprotein metabolism. In this proof-of-principle study, we report that macrophages of the M1 inflammatory phenotype can be selectively targeted by model hybrid lipid-latex (LiLa) nanoparticles bearing phagocytic signals. We demonstrate a simple and robust route to fabricate nanoparticles and then show their efficacy through imaging and drug delivery in inflammatory disease models of atherosclerosis and obesity. Self-assembled LiLa nanoparticles can be modified with a variety of hydrophobic entities such as drug cargos, signaling lipids, and imaging reporters resulting in sub-100nm nanoparticles with low polydispersities. The optimized theranostic LiLa formulation with gadolinium, fluorescein and "eat-me" phagocytic signals (Gd-FITC-LiLa) a) demonstrates high relaxivity that improves magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity, b) encapsulates hydrophobic drugs at up to 60% by weight, and c) selectively targets inflammatory M1 macrophages concomitant with controlled release of the payload of anti-inflammatory drug. The mechanism and kinetics of the payload discharge appeared to be phospholipase A2 activity-dependent, as determined by means of intracellular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In vivo, LiLa targets M1 macrophages in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, allowing noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaque by MRI. In the context of obesity, LiLa particles were selectively deposited to M1 macrophages within inflamed adipose tissue, as demonstrated by single-photon intravital imaging in mice. Collectively, our results suggest that phagocytic signals can preferentially target inflammatory macrophages in experimental models of atherosclerosis and obesity, thus opening the possibility of future clinical applications that diagnose/treat these conditions. Tunable LiLa nanoparticles reported here can serve as a model theranostic platform with application in various types of imaging of the diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, obesity, and cancer where macrophages play a pathogenic role.
The effect of body composition on pulmonary function
Authors: Jung Eun Park, Jin Hong Chung, Kyeong Cheol Shin, Kwan Ho Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: The pulmonary function test (PFT) is the most basic test methods to diagnosis lung disease. The purpose of this study was to research correlation of the body mass index (BMI), the fat percentage of the body mass (Fat%), the muscle mass, the fat-free mass (FFM) and the fat-free mass index (FFMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) on the forced expiratory volume curve.  Method: Between March and April 2009, a total of 291 subjects were enrolled. 152 men and 139 female (mean age: 46.3±9.92) were measured the FVC, FEV 1 , FEF 25-75  from the forced expiratory volume curve by the spirometry and the body composition by the bioelectrical impedance method. Correlation and multiple linear regression between body composition and pulmonary function were used executed.  Result: BMI and Fat% had no correlation with FVC, FEV 1  in male, but FFMI is positively correlation. In contrast, BMI and Fat% had correlation with FVC, FEV 1  in female, but FFMI had no correlation. Both male and female, FVC and FEV 1  had negatively correlation with WHR (male FVC r=-0.327, FEV 1  r=-0.36; p-value 1  r=-0.213; p-value  In a multiple linear regression of considering body composition at total sex group, FVC was explained FFM, BMI, FFMI in order (R 2 =0.579, 0.657, 0.663), FEV 1  was explained only Fat% (R 2 =0.011), FEF 25-75  was explained muscle mass, FFMI, FFM (R 2 =0.126, 0.138, 0.148).  Conclusion: The BMI, Fat%, muscle mass, FFM, FFMI, WHR have significant association with pulmonary function but R 2  (coefficient of determination) were not high enough for explaining lung function.
Seizures terminable and interminable with ECT
Authors: R D Weiner, M R Volow, D T Gianturco, J O Cavenar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors discuss the incidence, detection, management, and significance of prolonged seizures with ECT and present a case example. They suggest that the incidence of this phenomenon may be underreported and that its occurrence may be linked to hyperoxygenation, the use of multiple-monitored ECT, and preexisting states of cerebral hyperexcitability. Since prolonged seizures may result in adverse metabolic changes, prompt detection and intervention are essential.
Small lymphocytic lymphoma.
Authors: W H Morrison, R T Hoppe, L M Weiss, V J Picozzi, S J Horning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

The clinical course of 54 patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SL) was reviewed. The majority of patients had disseminated lymphoma at the time of diagnosis; 14 patients (26%) presented with Ann Arbor stage I and II disease. Five- and 10-year survival for all patients was 76% and 49%. The only clinicopathologic features identified that predicted a shortened survival were the presence or absence of systemic (B) symptoms (15% v 63% at 10 years, P = .01) and a diffuse rather than pseudofollicular nodal architecture (47% v 87% at 10 years, P = .04). Initial bone marrow involvement was not an adverse prognostic factor for patients who presented with stage III and IV disease. Ten patients developed a marked lymphocytosis consistent with progression to a leukemic phase (chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL]). These ten patients had a median initial lymphocyte count of 2,790, compared with 1,580 for those patients who did not progress to CLL (P = .0001). Developing CLL did not adversely affect survival (P = .48). Thirty-seven patients were treated with various combinations of radiation and chemotherapy; 17 patients received no initial therapy. Ten-year freedom from relapse (FFR) for stage I and II patients treated with irradiation was 80% and 62%; FFR for stage III and IV treated patients was 11%. Despite the marked differences in FFR, no statistically significant difference in survival could be demonstrated between the various stages. Selected patients with advanced SL received no initial therapy; these patients had a 10-year survival that was not statistically different from the immediately treated stage III and IV patients. Patients with stage I and II SL should be treated with irradiation; prolonged FFR and possibly cure of the disease can be achieved in these patients.
Abstract 3047: What Are the Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Post-Cardiothoracic Surgery Outcomes?
Authors: Richard T Ruffin, Jeffrey Kluger, Stephanie M Wills, C M White, Craig I Coleman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Two previous studies evaluating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use following cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) demonstrated conflicting evidence regarding their ability to reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Moreover, neither study examined negative cardiovascular outcomes such as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Since a recent study evaluating paracoxib/valdecoxib following CTS demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular events, we sought to evaluate whether NSAIDs could reduce the incidence of POAF without increasing patients’ risk of stroke or MI. Methods: Patients (n=555) undergoing CTS from the randomized, controlled Atrial Fibrillation Suppression Trials (AFISTs) I, II and III were evaluated in this nested study. Demographic, surgical and medication use characteristics were prospectively collected as part of the AFIST trials. Endpoints included POAF, stroke, MI and the need for red blood cell transfusion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The population was 67.8 ± 8.6 years old, 77.1% male, 14.6% underwent valve surgery, 6.1% had prior AF, 12.6% had heart failure and 84.0% and 44.1% received postoperative beta-blockade and prophylactic amiodarone. In total, 127 (22.9%) patients received a NSAID postoperatively. NSAID use was associated with reductions in the odds of POAF and the need for RBC transfusions. (Table ) No elevation in the odds of developing stroke or MI was observed. Conclusions: NSAIDs decreased the odds of developing POAF and the need for RBC transfusions without significantly increasing MI or stroke. Table. Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Postoperative Outcomes
Book: Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge
Authors: D. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Eds Christopher Lawrence, Steven Shapin University of Chicago Press, £15.25, pp 352 ISBN 0 226 47014 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> In the 18th century the pursuit of natural history involved collecting and classifying objects found in the natural world—with the major exception of humans. It was only when natural history was replaced by biology at the start of the 19th century (except for the vestigial natural history table still to be found in many primary schools) that humans moved centre stage. But just as humans had been overlooked in the 18th century as an object of study, so scientists in the 19th and most of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Abstract 2658: Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation (EPR) by Deep Cerebral Hypothermia Improves Neurological Outcome after Prolonged Normovolemic Cardiac Arrest in Swine
Authors: Wolfgang Weihs, A. Janata, A. Schratter, K. Bayegan, M. Holzer, M. Frossard, F. Sterz, U.M. Losert, A.N. Laggner, W. Behringer
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background In former studies we have shown that induction of deep cerebral hypothermia via ice cold saline aortic flush already during cardiac arrest (CA) no-flow to mitigate reperfusion injury (e....
Pattern of tuberculosis (TB) among health care Workers (HCW) attending a revised national TB control programme (RNTCP) unit in Kottayam Medical College (Kerala India)
Authors: Paul Davis, Aneesh Cherakulam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background.  There is paucity of data with regard to pattern of TB in HCW  Aim.  To study the pattern of TB among HCW.  Study setting RNTCP unit of a Medical College in Kerala, India from October 2009-March 2011.  Methods  Clinical profile of patients referred to RNTCP unit with a proven diagnosis or with a clinical and radiologic diagnosis made by a specialist medical teacher were gathered by a preset oral questionnaire and clinical examination.  Result  Out of 1222 TB patients 5.72% (n= 70) were HCW.90% of HCW (n 63) were nurses or nursing students, 10 % (n 7) were paramedical staff.No doctors or medical students registered in control programme for treatment. 68.6% (n= 48) had extra pulmonary TB & 31.4% (n 22) pulmonary TB (OD 2.725). 63.6% (14/22) of pulmonary TB was smear positive. Occurrence of TB lymphadenitis (n 24) and abdominal TB (n 5) were more common among HCW compared to general category patients (p value of   Conclusion  TB lymphadenitis was more common among HCW compared to general category patients. Majority of HCW coming for treatment in RNTCP were nurses or nursing students. No doctors registered for treatment in control programme.  References  1) Gopinath KG, Siddique S, Kirubakaran H, Shanmugam A, Mathai E, Chandy GM. Tuberculosis among healthcare workers in a tertiary-care hospital in South India. J Hosp Infect. 2004;57:339–42  2) Behera D, Khayyam et al Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 2010 Oct 57(4)192-198.
Abstract 9732: Mitral Annular Calcification and Incident Embolic Stroke in Treated Hypertensive Patients: The LIFE Echo-Substudy
Authors: Marina De Marco, Giovanni De Simone, Eva Gerdts, Giuseppina Casalnuovo, Teresa Migliore, Kris Wachtell, Kurt Boman, Bjorn Dahlöf, Richard B Deveraux
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Mitral anular calcification (MAC) is not considered as a substantial echocardiographic finding and is often neglected in routine reports. However, MAC has been associated with increased risk of embolic stroke in the general population. Whether MAC also predicts incident embolic stroke in treated hypertensive patients with LV hypertrophy is unclear. Methods: Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters were assessed in 945 hypertensive patients with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) participating in the LIFE echo-substudy (66 ±7 years, 42% women, 11% diabetes). Fifteen participants were excluded because of aortic stenosis and 1 because of mitral stenosis. Results: At the baseline echocardiogram, MAC was found in 48% of the study population. Patients with MAC were older (67±7 versus 64±7 years), had higher systolic blood pressure (176±22 versus 171±20 mmHg), heart rate (69±12 versus 67±12 bpm ) left atrial diameter (4.1±0.5 versus 3.8±0.5 cm) and LV mass index (58 ±13 versus 54±12 g/m 2.7 ) and included more women (47% versus 36%), and more patients with diabetes (13% versus 9%) and albuminuria (29% versus 22%, all p&lt;0.01). Over a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, 56 participants (6%) had an embolic stroke. Risk of incident embolic stroke was significantly associated with presence of baseline MAC (log Rank=11, p=0.001). In multivariate Cox- regression analysis, baseline MAC was associated with 2 -fold increased risk of embolic stroke (HR=1.99, CI95%:1.08-3.67,p=0.03), independently of age, gender, baseline systolic BP, heart rate, presence of diabetes, baseline LV mass index, left atrial diameter, albuminuria, prevalent and/or incident atrial fibrillation and randomized antihypertensive treatment (atenolol/losartan). Conclusions: In a population of treated hypertensive patients with ECG LVH, MAC was frequently present and was associated with increased risk for incident embolic stroke, independent of other established risk factors.
Abstract P24: Perfluorocarbon-Induced Intra-Arrest Hypothermia Does Not Improve Survival in a Swine Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest/Pulseless Electrical Activity
Authors: Ali S Albaghdadi, Leonard A Broooks, Andrew M Pretorius, Richard E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background  Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is an important cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric and adult populations. Induction of rapid intra-arrest hypothermia improves resuscitation success in experimental models of ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. Our purpose was to determine if rapid induction of hypothermia with a cold perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based total liquid ventilation (TLV) system would also improve resuscitation in a swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest/PEA.   Methods  Twenty swine were randomly assigned to control (C, no ventilation, n=11) or TLV with precooled (2°C) PFC (n=9) groups. Asphyxia was induced by insertion of a rubber stopper into the endotracheal tube (ET). The asphyxial phase was continued in both groups until the loss of aortic pulsations (LOAP) was reached, defined as a pulse pressure less than 2mmHg. The TLV animals underwent asphyxial arrest for an additional 2 minutes after LOAP, followed by 3 minutes of PFC induced hypothermia, prior to starting CPR. The cold PFCs were preoxygenated for 2 minutes. The C animals underwent 5 minutes of post-LOAP asphyxia. Both groups then underwent CPR for at least 11 minutes or until success improbable. The endpoint of resuscitation was the resumption of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), defined as an unassisted peak systolic arterial pressure > 60 mmHg maintained for 10 minutes.   Results  All 20 animals demonstrated PEA at the end of the asphyxial phase. Seven of 9 animals achieved ROSC in the TLV group vs. 5 of 11 in the C group (p=0.2). The mean pulmonary arterial (PA) temperature was lower in TLV animals starting 4 minutes after induction of hypothermia (TLV 36.3 ± SE 0.18 vs. C 38.1±0.16°C, p   Conclusion  Induction of moderate hypothermia using PFC-based TLV did not improve ROSC success in this swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest/PEA, unlike prior VF arrest models. Greater depth and/or duration of hypothermia might yield better results.
Genetic counselling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Experience from the French referal centre
Authors: Barbara Girerd, David Montani, Azzedine Yaici, Mélanie Eyries, Laurent Savale, Benjamin Sztrymf, Xavier Jaïs, Florence Coulet, Florent Soubrier, Olivier Sitbon, Gérald Simonneau, Marc Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Mutations in  BMPR2  gene and more rarely in  ACVRL1  and  ENG  genes are detected in patients displaying idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and in patients with a family history of PAH or PVOD.   Aims and objectives:  To screen mutations in PAH-predisposing genes in patients from the French Referal Centre and to identify high-risk relatives carrying genetic mutations.   Results:  Genetic counselling and testing were offered to 434 PAH patients (347 idiopathic and 87 familial) and to 66 PVOD patients (12 with a family history of PVOD). Mutations in PAH predisposing genes were identified in 58 patients with idiopathic PAH (17%) (52  BMPR2  and 6  ACVRL1  mutations) and in 73 PAH patients with a family history of PAH (84%) (69  BMPR2  and 4  ACVRL1  mutations). A  BMPR2  mutation was identified in 2 PVOD patients with a family history of the disease (17%) and in only 1 PVOD patient without family history (2%).  Genetic screening was offered to 167 asymptomatic relatives of  BMPR2/ACVRL1  mutation carriers and a mutation was identified in 60 of them. These subjects, having a 10-20% risk of developing PAH, received clinical screening by echocardiography every 1 to 3 years and when symptoms such as exercise dyspnoea occur. We hypothesize that screening will allow early diagnosis and treatment of the disease and in turn improve patients9 survival.   Conclusion:  Systematic search of a mutation in PAH predisposing genes allowed us to identified 134 patients carrying a mutation. Half of them had no family history of PAH, suggesting the importance to propose genetic analysis to PAH and PVOD patients with and without family history of the disease.
Long-term follow-up of the C5R protocol of high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 100 newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphomas: A prospective multicentric phase II study of the gela
Authors: H. Ghesquieres, C. Ferlay, C. Sebban, O. Casasnovas, O. Reman, André Bosly, B. Coiffier, P. Biron, J. Blay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Road traffic collisions caused by sleepiness in UAE
Authors: Mohammed Al-Houqani, Hani Eid, Fikri Abu Zaidan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Road traffic collision RTC is a major health problem in UAE. Sleep as a contributing factor to RTC is not well-studied in the Middle East.   Objective:  We aimed to study to the proportion of RTC caused by sleep behind the wheel and the factors contributing to sleep related collisions SRC.   Methods:  All data of hospitalized drivers who were involved in RTC in Al-Ain city were prospectively collected during the period of April 2006-October 2007. Variables studied included, driver9s demographic data, time, date, location, mechanism of collision, speed at collision and whether sleepiness was a contributing factor reported by the divers. A direct logistic regression model was performed to define factors related to sleep while driving.   Results:  444 drivers (92% males) were involved in RTC9s during the study period. Sleepiness of drivers was a contributing factor in 5%. Most of the drivers with SRC (79%) reported to speed 100 Km/hr or more during the collision. Rollover was the most frequent mechanism of SRC (58%). SRC was strongly over-represented during the month of Ramadan (42%), in driving in highway (83%) and in driving during the day time (67%). A logistic regression analysis model has shown that driving during the month of Ramadan (OR = 7.58) and on highways (OR = 3.99) were the most significant independent contributors to increasing the odds of sleep-related collisions.   Conclusion:  Sleep is an important contributing factor to RTC9s in UAE. Drivers should be advised to discontinue driving when feeling sleepy especially during the month of Ramadan.