tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Prevalence Among Youth
Authors: Ryan T. Demmer, Aleksandra M. Zuk, Michael Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of the Effects of Three Insulinotropic Drugs on Plasma Insulin Levels After a Standard Meal
Authors: Lawrence S. Cozma, Stephen D. Luzio, Gareth J. Dunseath, Kirsten W. Langendorg, Thomas Pieber, David R. Owens
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To compare the effects of repaglinide, glipizide, and glibenclamide on insulin secretion and postprandial glucose after a single standard 500-kcal test meal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 12 type 2 diabetic patients with early diabetes (mean HbA1c of 6.1%) and 12 matched control subjects were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Subjects received placebo, 2 mg repaglinide, 5 mg glipizide, and 5 mg glibenclamide in a random fashion during the trial. Administration of each drug was followed by a single standard 500-kcal test meal. A washout period of 7–12 days existed between the four study visits. RESULTS—All three drugs were equally effective on the total prandial insulin secretion (area under the curve [AUC] −15 to 240 min). However, clear differences were noted in the early insulin secretion (AUC −15 to 30 min); both repaglinide and glipizide increased secretion in nondiabetic subjects by ∼61 and 34%, respectively, compared with placebo. In the diabetic patients, the difference versus placebo was 37 and 47%, respectively. The difference between glipizide and glibenclamide reached significance in both groups of subjects, whereas repaglinide was more effective than glibenclamide only in the healthy nondiabetic subject group. All three drugs were effective in decreasing total glucose AUC in the nondiabetic and diabetic population. In the nondiabetic subjects, however, repaglinide was significantly more effective than glibenclamide. The differences disappeared in the diabetic subjects, probably as a result of increased prevalence of insulin resistance in this group. CONCLUSIONS—Repaglinide and glipizide but not glibenclamide significantly enhanced the early insulin secretion in both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects with preserved β-cell function after a single standard meal.
Post-Steroid Panniculitis in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Norman Jaffe, Hie Won L. Hann, Gordon F. Vawter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

PANNICULITIS of the subcutaneous tissue may follow the withdrawal of large doses of corticosteroids.1 2 3 4 5 6 It may be confused with leukemic infiltrations of the skin.Case ReportAcute undifferentiated leukemia was established in a 6 1/2-year-old boy. Therapy comprised methotrexate and prednisone. Partial bone-marrow remission was achieved, and the dosage of prednisone was tapered, with methotrexate continued as maintenance therapy. The total dose of prednisone administered was 1350 mg. Forty-three days after withdrawal of corticosteroids 2 painful, enlarging nodules developed in the right thigh. Repeat bone-marrow examination demonstrated relapse, and the lesions were considered to be leukemic infiltrates. Therapy was altered . . .
Robust whole-brain segmentation: Application to traumatic brain injury
Authors: Christian Ledig, Rolf A. Heckemann, Alexander Hammers, Juan Carlos Lopez, Virginia F.J. Newcombe, Antonios Makropoulos, Jyrki Lötjönen, David K. Menon, Daniel Rueckert
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)

We propose a framework for the robust and fully-automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) brain images called “Multi-Atlas Label Propagation with Expectation–Maximisation based refinement” (MALP-EM). The presented approach is based on a robust registration approach (MAPER), highly performant label fusion (joint label fusion) and intensity-based label refinement using EM. We further adapt this framework to be applicable for the segmentation of brain images with gross changes in anatomy. We propose to account for consistent registration errors by relaxing anatomical priors obtained by multi-atlas propagation and a weighting scheme to locally combine anatomical atlas priors and intensity-refined posterior probabilities. The method is evaluated on a benchmark dataset used in a recent MICCAI segmentation challenge. In this context we show that MALP-EM is competitive for the segmentation of MR brain scans of healthy adults when compared to state-of-the-art automatic labelling techniques. To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed approach, we employed MALP-EM to segment 125 MR brain images into 134 regions from subjects who had sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI). We employ a protocol to assess segmentation quality if no manual reference labels are available. Based on this protocol, three independent, blinded raters confirmed on 13 MR brain scans with pathology that MALP-EM is superior to established label fusion techniques. We visually confirm the robustness of our segmentation approach on the full cohort and investigate the potential of derived symmetry-based imaging biomarkers that correlate with and predict clinically relevant variables in TBI such as the Marshall Classification (MC) or Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Specifically, we show that we are able to stratify TBI patients with favourable outcomes from non-favourable outcomes with 64.7% accuracy using acute-phase MR images and 66.8% accuracy using follow-up MR images. Furthermore, we are able to differentiate subjects with the presence of a mass lesion or midline shift from those with diffuse brain injury with 76.0% accuracy. The thalamus, putamen, pallidum and hippocampus are particularly affected. Their involvement predicts TBI disease progression.
Retinoic acid treatment induces apoptosis or expression of a more differentiated phenotype on different fractions of cultured fetal rat hepatocytes
Authors: Laura Falasca, Anna Favale, Giampiero Gualandi, Gennaro Maietta, Laura Conti Devirgiliis
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The present study reports the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. We show that RA treatment induces both differentiation and apoptosis. Hepatocytes cultured for 48 hours in the presence of 5 μmol/L RA form junctional complexes in the areas of contact between neighboring cells and develop bile canaliculi, typical features of mature and well-differentiated cells. At the same time, about 20% of cells are induced to die by apoptosis, and the percentage of apoptotic cells increases according to the concentration of RA used and the duration of treatment. The induction of apoptosis, studied at the morphological and biochemical levels, revealed that, in our system, the classical compaction of chromatin occurs only during the final stages of the process; instead of the common marker of apoptosis, i.e., the “DNA ladder” pattern of fragmentation, megabase-sized fragments were found. These observations provide further evidence of the existence of fundamental differences in the mechanisms of apoptosis among cell types. To investigate the molecular mechanism of the effects of RA, we evaluated the expression of two proteins, c-myc and p53, which are known to be involved in both cell differentiation and apoptosis. The data obtained show that the amount of p53 remained unchanged after RA treatment. On the contrary, a dose-dependent reduction in c-myc levels was found, suggesting that RA action may be mediated by modulation of this oncogene. Our findings regarding the apoptosis-inducing effect of RA, which was not found in adult hepatocytes, suggest a possible relationship between this phenomenon and the proliferative capacity and/or differentiation state of hepatocytes.
Monosodium benzoate hypersensitivity in subjects with persistent rhinitis
Authors: M. L. Pacor, G. Di Lorenzo, N. Martinelli, P. Mansueto, G. B. Rini, R. Corrocher
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Very few data are available from the literature on whether nonatopic subjects affected by persistent rhinitis may show the appearance of objective symptoms of rhinitis after the ingestion of food additives such as tartrazine (E102), erythrosine (E127), monosodium benzoate (E211), p-hydroxybenzoate (E218), sodium metabisulphite (E223), and monosodium glutamate (E620). It is still unclear whether the ingestion of food additive may cause, as well, a consensual reduction of nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIFR). Therefore, we used a double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) study to evaluate this hypothesis.Two hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients (76 males and 150 females) aged 12-60 years (mean age 40.2 +/- 16.3 years). After 1 month of an additive-free diet regimen, an open challenge was carried out (food additive-rich diet for 2 weeks). After this period, challenges were administered in a DBPC manner using the above-mentioned substances under investigation.Twenty of 226 subjects (8.8%) reported an improvement of the symptoms of rhinitis after additive-free diet. More precisely, six of 226 (2.6%) were symptom-free and 14 of 226 (6.2%) showed an improvement in their symptoms after an additive-free diet. As far as the results for DBPC are concerned, 20 challenges with monosodium benzoate induced both objective (i.e. sneezing and rhinorrhoea) and subjective symptoms (nasal blockage and nasal itching) of rhinitis with reduction of NPIFR >/=20%, 45 challenges induced subjective symptoms of rhinitis (i.e. nasal blockage and nasal itching), without reduction of NPIFR >/=20% of the basal value, two with tartrazine, seven with erythrosine, 19 with monosodium benzoate, three with p-hydroxybenzoate, six with sodium metabisulphite, and eight with monosodium glutamate, respectively.The observation that nonatopic persistent rhinitis may be caused by the frequent, probably daily, ingestion of small doses of a nontolerated substance is intriguing and suggests that at least some patients with 'chronic vasomotor rhinitis' may be intolerant to a particular food additive. Therefore, food additives can be considered triggers or aggravating factors, rather than aetiological factors.
Magnesium Cardioplegia Enhances mRNA Levels and the Maximal Velocity of Cytochrome Oxidase I in the Senescent Myocardium During Global Ischemia
Authors: Elizabeth A. Faulk, James D. McCully, Narelle C. Hadlow, Takuro Tsukube, Irvin B. Krukenkamp, Micheline Federman, Sidney Levitsky
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The aged myocardium accumulates significantly more cytosolic calcium [Ca 2+ ] i during ischemia, and functional recovery is more severely compromised as compared with the mature heart. Cardioplegia ameliorates these phenomena. The mechanism by which increased calcium accumulation reduces functional recovery in the senescent myocardium is unknown, but it has been suggested that futile calcium cycling in the mitochondria leading to depletion of ATP stores during normothermic global ischemia may be involved. Methods and Results To investigate the effect of cardioplegia on mitochondrial calcium ([Ca 2+ ] mt ) accumulation and the expression of cytochrome oxidase I (COX I) during global ischemia, mitochondria were isolated from mature (age, 15 to 20 weeks) and aged (age &gt;130 weeks) rabbit hearts after Langendorff perfusion. Five perfused heart groups were investigated: 30 minutes of global ischemia without treatment (control), with potassium (K, 20 mmol/L), magnesium (Mg, 20 mmol/L), or potassium and magnesium (K/Mg) cardioplegia. No significant difference in [Ca 2+ ] mt was evident in mature hearts with any protocol. In aged hearts, [Ca 2+ ] mt was increased in global ischemia but was ameliorated with Mg and K/Mg cardioplegia. COX I mRNA levels in aged hearts were lower in both control and global ischemia but were increased with cardioplegia. Maximal velocities for COX I were significantly increased with Mg cardioplegia both in the mature and the aged myocardium. Conclusions K and/or Mg cardioplegia ameliorates [Ca 2+ ] mt accumulation in aged hearts during normothermic global ischemia and increases COX I mRNA levels to a level not significantly different from that found in mature hearts.
Lymphocytic Infiltration of Epithelium in Diagnosis of Gluten-sensitive Enteropathy
Authors: L. Fry, P. P. Seah, R. M. H. McMinn, A. V. Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The macroscopic appearance of the mucosa of the small intestine and the lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium were studied in 27 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and in 11 control subjects. The mucosa was abnormal in appearance in 13 of the patients and normal in 14 patients and in all the controls. In 25 (93%) of the patients the intraepithelial lymphocyte count was significantly raised compared with the controls. The increased lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium in the patients probably represented an underlying immunological reaction of the small intestine to gluten, since the infiltration lessened in five out of six patients after a year on a gluten-free diet and in all of four patients after three years on a gluten-free diet.Increased lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium of the small intestine seems a surer sign of gluten sensitivity than the macroscopic appearance of the mucosa, and a diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy may no longer be excluded when the mucosa appears normal. Further evidence of the significance of increased lymphocytic infiltration is that patients with normal-looking mucosa but with raised intraepithelial lymphocyte counts often had low serum folate levels.
Lost in translation: be aware of patients' lives
Authors: Joe Gallagher
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I was working in a village on the shores of Lake Malawi. The queues were long and were growing because there was an outbreak of dysentery in the village. It seemed that many of the cases came from an area of the village known as the “big market,” and I had gone to great lengths to advise all parents that they must boil the water before drinking it. However, I seemed to see the same parents bringing in their children one after the other. Frustration built up, and, finally, when one woman returned for the third time with another child with bloody diarrhoea I became irate.

I asked Dorothy, the translator, to ask the woman why she had not boiled her water and to tell her that it was her fault that her children were getting sick because she was not boiling …
Serum Lipid and Protein Fractions
Authors: IRVING LEINWAND, DAN H. MOORE
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Ninety-six patients were observed at intervals for as long as three and one-half years in some cases. In most instances multiple determinations were made during this time using the electrophoretic pattern of the proteins before and after cold ether extraction (McFarlane method), to measure lipid transport. Hyperlipemia usually produced an increased in beta globulin. A varying decrease in albumin accompanied any increase in globulin. Phosphate and barbiturate buffers were used in this study. In setting up a control group, it was noted that the sera from professional blood donors contained relatively less albumin and more globulin than the sera of the nondonor group of hospital personnel.
Abstract of a Lecture on Ergot: Given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on February 26th, 1892
Authors: C. B. Plowright
Journal: BMJ (1892)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) may develop during sickle-cell acute chest syndrome (ACS), and is associated with an increased mortality. Its mechanisms remain poorly known. The question was to assess if there is an endothelial dysfunction and a hypercoagulability in severe ACS, with and without acute PH. <h3>Methods</h3> In a prospective monocenter cohort follow-up study, all sickle-cell adult patients with ACS admitted to the intensive care unit underwent a trans-thoracic echography (TTE), and measurements of biomarkers of coagulation, endothelial activation, and platelet and erythrocyte activation. Acute PH was defined as a high echocardiographic probability of PH. The biological profiles of sickle-cell patients were analysed at the time of ACS, contrasting the existence of acute PH, and compared with steady state and with non-sickle-cell controls (healthy subjects and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)). <h3>Results</h3> Most patients (36 patients with 39 ACS episodes; 23 males; 27 years old) had thoracic pain, dyspnea and CT scan lung consolidation. Acute PH was diagnosed in 7 patients (19%). Erythrocyte and platelet-derived microparticles (MPs) and the pro-coagulant activity of MPs were higher in ACS patients with acute PH, as compared with their counterparts. As compared with healthy controls, ACS patients had higher levels of tissue factor, fibrin monomers, D-dimer, release of pro-coagulant microparticles, and erythrocyte and platelet-derived MPs. As compared with CAP patients, ACS patients had increased levels of fibrin monomers, and erythrocyte and platelet-derived MPs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Severe ACS is characterised by endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability state, with a marked pro-coagulant profile in case of associated PH.
Predictive Ability of Egg Specific IgE Classes for Egg Specific Prick Skin Test and Clinical Reactivity
Authors: D.M. Caruso, L. Arguelles, B. Rowland, K.E. Meyer, A. Oest, J.S. Birne, K. Schwarz, J. Schanta, R. Kumar, J.A. Pongracic, X. Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
A disposable face mask for PUVA and ultraviolet phototherapy
Authors: M.C. Steele, B.L. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article A disposable face mask for PUVA and ultraviolet phototherapy Get access M.C. Steele, M.C. Steele Departments of Dermatolgy and Medical Physics. Dryburn Hospital. Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.L. Diffey B.L. Diffey Departments of Dermatolgy and Medical Physics. Dryburn Hospital. Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 1, 1 July 1997, Pages 151–152, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03722.x Published: 01 July 1997
PERFECTED OXYGENOR KING
Authors: W. A. Puckner
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A decade ago Dr. N. C. Morse of Eldora, Iowa, called attention<sup>1</sup>to three mechanical frauds which he had investigated and which were being exploited for the cure of disease. These instruments were known, respectively, as the "Electropoise." the "Oxydonor Victory" (Fig. 1), and the "Oxygenor King" (Fig. 2). The "Electropoise" consisted of a metallic cylinder, called "Polizer," 3½ inches in length and weighing about 5 ounces, to which an uninsulated cord was attached. To the distal end of the cord a small disc was attached and by means of an elastic band and buckle the disc could be fastened to the wrist or ankle of the patient. On sawing into the "Polizer" it was found to be hollow and empty. The price of this instrument was $10.00. The "Oxydonor Victory" resembled the "Electropoise" very closely. Its cylinder, called the "Vocor" was composed of brass, was 2⅝ inches in
Patenting Medical Technology
Authors: Coe A. Bloomberg, Stuart J. Marylander, Paul M. Yaeger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Relatively few medical investigators have used the patent process to protect proprietary rights to their work, choosing instead simply to publish their results. The patent system was established by the Constitution two centuries ago. Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution reads as follows: The Congress shall have the power. . . to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.This constitutional mandate led to the formation of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, which has to date granted over . . .
Intracardiac and Intravenous Leiomyomatosis
Authors: Ittikorn Spanuchart, Sudarat Satitthummanid, Chalit Cheanvechai, Poonchavist Chantranuwatana, Prasert Trivijitsilp, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, Smonporn Boonyaratavej, Sarinya Puwanant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Publishing and Presenting Clinical Research
Authors: Kenneth Hess, Walter Pagel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 October 1999Publishing and Presenting Clinical ResearchKenneth Hess, PhD and Walter Pagel, BAKenneth Hess, PhDThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. (Hess, Pagel)Search for more papers by this author and Walter Pagel, BAThe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. (Hess, Pagel)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Browner WS. 206 pages. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. $34.95. ISBN 0683307452. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: All fields.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physicians at the start of their academic careers and their teachers. Experienced academic physicians and clinical researchers will find selected chapters useful as a review.Purpose: To teach clinical researchers how to report the results of their research in journal articles, poster sessions, and oral presentations.Content: Fourteen chapters cover the parts of the journal article, oral presentations and posters, authorship issues, journal selection, and principles of good writing.Highlights: In the chapter on presentation ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. (Hess, Pagel) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 636KeywordsAnxietyConfidence intervalsResearch designResearch reporting guidelinesSoftware toolsStatistical data Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...