tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
446 REDUCED HEPATIC EXPRESSION OF PERFORIN AND GRANZYME B IN PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHAGOCYTIC SYNDROME
Authors: M. Lemoine, N. BenMena, N. Ganne-Carrie, N. Aras, C. Laroche, D. Roulot, J. Stirnemann, O. Fain, M. Ziol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Psychiatry and violent offenders
Authors: S. Novosel
Journal: BMJ (1984)

SIR,-As there was no indication that broad boned lethal osteogenesis imperfecta is more common in any particular racial group we considered the combined control samples we used were adequate.We had seen at least three affected Anglo-Saxon patients with the deletion, but no Anglo-Saxon control carried a similar change.The probability that three consecutively affected patients would show the deletion is greater than chance alone and would be at least (1/400)3 -that is, 1/64 000 000.If Dr Sykes and Mr Ogilvie's observation is confirmed, however, then a frequency of 10%/ among Asian Indians would increase the chance of three consecutive babies with osteogenesis imperfecta carrying the deletion to the much less impressive figure of (1/10)3-* 1 2 3 4, 2-9Kllobiiie:pcD ouble Eco RI and Bar HI digestions of DNA from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta congenita and control.The 4-3 kb Eco RI fragment shown in the figure of Dr Sykes and Dr Ogilvie is cleaved into 3 1 kb and P1 kb frag- ments.Similarly the 4-0 kb fragment becomes 2D9 kb and 11 kb respectively Tracks 1, 2, and 4 show patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.Track 3 is a normal control.The pattern shown in track 4 is similar to that described in our earlier paper.Tracks 1 and 2 show variations in which the abnormal allele produces 33 0 and 1.1 kb fragments.that is, 1/1000 in that population.There are nevertheless several potential flaws in the argument.
NEURASTHENIA: The WEAR and TEAR of LIFE
Authors: G. Rankin
Journal: BMJ (1903)

arthritis is the syrup of the iodide of iron; but such means are, though valuable, but palliative, and if the disease be of toxaemic origin, the ideal line of treatment should be one directed to the source of the toxaemia; and in a good few cases there is some obvious possible source of absorption, that is, oral sepsis, chronic fluxes, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, otorrhoea, etc.Radical treatment, if possible, of such conditions when present, could not fail to be of benefit to the general health of the patient, and in early cases the joint condition.The rise and wane of the periarticular swelliogs in their early days seem to indicate a possibility of complete recovery; and the periodic variations in size of the thyroid gland may perhaps have some deeper significance, bearing upon the reactionary power of the individual.In conclusion, I would express my gratitude to the bonorary staff of the Mineral Water Hospital for their kindness in permitting me to observe these cases.
Hospital trusts in Wales halved
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A big shake up planned for the NHS in Wales will see the number of trusts almost halved. The move, which will result in 15 trusts rather than the existing 29, comes after mounting concern that there have been too many trusts in the principality competing for resources, sometimes in the same areas.

“Trusts should be able to concentrate on delivering services without spending time worrying about competition from neighbours,” said …
Natural Killer Cell IFN-γ Levels Predict Long-term Survival with Imatinib Mesylate Therapy in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor–Bearing Patients
Authors: Cédric Ménard, Jean-Yves Blay, Christophe Borg, Stefan Michiels, François Ghiringhelli, Caroline Robert, Céline Nonn, Nathalie Chaput, Julien Taïeb, Nicolas F. Delahaye, Caroline Flament, Jean-François Emile, Axel Le Cesne, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)-bearing patients treated with imatinib mesylate (IM) are variable. Other than the site of mutation within the c-kit gene, prognostic features of GIST remain undefined. IM can exhibit off-target effects such as triggering natural killer (NK) cell activity. We addressed whether NK cell functions could predict long term survival with IM. NK cell functions were followed up in 77 GIST patients enrolled onto two phase III trials. "Immunologic responders" were defined as patients whose NK cell IFN-gamma values after 2 months of IM were higher than or equal to the baseline value at entry into the trial. The prognostic effect of IFN-gamma on progression-free survival was assessed by a Wald test in a Cox regression analysis using the landmark method and stratified by trial and on the c-kit mutational status. Fifty-six patients were evaluable for the NK cell IFN-gamma responses at baseline and 2 months. Their median follow-up for progression-free survival was 3.7 years. Thirty-four of 56 patients were immunologic responders to IM. In the Cox regression analysis, immunologic responders possessed a hazard ratio of progression or death equal to 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.70; P = 0.006) compared with nonresponders. Kaplan-Meier 2-year survival estimates were 85% for immunologic responders and 50% for nonresponders. Moreover, the immunologic response added prognostic value to the c-kit mutation. The NK cell IFN-gamma production after 2 months of treatment could be considered an independent predictor of long term survival in advanced GISTs treated with IM.
An Outbreak of Amebiasis Spread by Colonic Irrigation at a Chiropractic Clinic
Authors: Gregory R. Istre, Kathleen Kreiss, Richard S. Hopkins, George R. Healy, Michael Benziger, Thomas M. Canfield, Patricia Dickinson, Timothy R. Englert, Roy C. Compton, Henry M. Mathews, Robert A. Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

From June 1978 through December 1980, at least 36 cases of amebiasis occurred in persons who had had colonic-irrigation therapy at a chiropractic clinic in western Colorado. Of 10 persons who required colectomy, six did. Of 176 persons who had been to the clinic in the last four months of 1980, 80 had received other forms of treatment. Twenty-one per cent of the colonic-irrigation group had bloody diarrhea, as compared with 1 per cent of the non-irrigation group (P = 0.00013). Thirty-seven per cent of the colonic-irrigation group who submitted specimens had evidence of amebic infection on either stool examination or serum titer, as compared with 2.4 per cent in the non-irrigation group (P = 0.00012). Persons who were given colonic irrigation immediately after a person with bloody diarrhea received it were at the highest risk for the development of amebiasis. Tests of the colonic-irrigation machine after routine cleaning showed heavy contamination with fecal coliform bacteria. The severity of disease in this outbreak may have been related to the route of inoculation.
A gene for achondroplasia–hypochondroplasia maps to chromosome 4p
Authors: Martine Le Merrer, Francis Rousseau, Laurence Legeai-Mallet, Jean-Christophe Landais, Anna Pelet, Jacky Bonaventure, Marek Sanak, Jean Weissenbach, Claude Stoll, Arnold Munnich, Pierre Maroteaux
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
The Potentiating Effects of Alcohol on Driver Injury
Authors: Patricia F. Waller
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It is well established that alcohol (ethanol) is associated with increased probability of traumatic injury. This relationship has been attributed to alcohol's impairment of judgment and psychomotor performance, leading to increased probability of an injury-producing mishap. Once an accident occurs, it is widely believed that alcohol may protect against injury. However, controlled laboratory studies using animal models indicate that alcohol exacerbates the injurious effects of trauma. In this study, detailed analysis of data from more than 1 million drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes indicates that when the effects of injury-related variables such as safety belt use, vehicle deformation, vehicle speed, driver age, and vehicle weight are taken into account, the drinking driver is more likely to suffer serious injury or death compared with the nondrinking driver. These findings do not support the widespread belief that alcohol is protective against injury, but rather indicate that alcohol increases vulnerability to injury in any given crash.
Interleukin-22 promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma by activation of STAT3
Authors: Runqiu Jiang, Zhongming Tan, Lei Deng, Yun Chen, Yongxiang Xia, Yun Gao, Xuehao Wang, Beicheng Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Interleukin-22 (IL-22), one of the cytokines secreted by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, was recently reported to be a novel inflammation driver through STAT3 signaling activation. We aimed to investigate the role of IL-22 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We demonstrated significant up-regulation of IL-22 in human HCC tumor infiltrated leukocytes (TILs) compared to peripheral lymphocytes. Moreover, IL-22 expression was significantly higher in Edmondson Grade III-IV HCC patients versus Grade I-II, confirmed by both real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Both IL-22 receptor α and IL-23 were highly expressed in HCC and adjacent cirrhotic tissues compared to normal controls. Enhanced tumor growth and metastasis was found in mice that underwent subrenal transplantation of MHCC-97H cells cotransplanted with IL-22+ TILs cells. STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulation of downstream genes Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, CyclinD1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoted tumor growth and metastasis. In vitro studies confirmed the tumor-promoting and antiapoptotic effect of IL-22, as well as IL-6. In the mouse chronic hepatitis and HCC model, sustained and increased IL-22 expression and STAT3 activation were found in liver tissues. A linear correlation was demonstrated between IL-22 expression and hepatic complementary proliferation. An in vivo diethyl-nitrosamine-induced mouse HCC model verified that tumor formation was significantly decreased in IL-22 knockout mice.Excessive IL-22 can be found in the HCC microenvironment, leading to tumor growth, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of metastasis due to STAT3 activation.
Identification and characterization of populations living near high-voltage transmission lines: a pilot study.
Authors: D Wartenberg, M Greenberg, R Lathrop
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Populations living close to high-voltage transmission lines often have residential magnetic field exposures in excess of 1 microT, and sometimes over 2 microT. Yet, populations studied in most epidemiologic investigations of the association between residential magnetic field exposure and cancer typically have exposures below 1 microT and frequently below 0.5 microT. To improve statistical power and precision, it would be useful to compare high exposure populations with low exposure populations rather than only studying small differences within low exposure populations. Toward this end, we have developed an automated method for identifying populations living near high-voltage transmission lines. These populations likely have more highly exposed individuals than the population at large. The method uses a geographic information system (GIS) to superimpose digitized transmission line locations on U.S. Census block location data and then extract relevant demographic data. Analysis of data from a pilot study of the populations residing within 100 m of a 29-km segment of one 230-kV line in New Jersey shows that when compared to populations in the surrounding census blocks farther than 100 m from this line, those populations close to the line have similar demographics but differ in terms of perceived housing value variables. We believe that the approach we have developed will enable investigators to rapidly identify and characterize populations living near high-voltage transmission lines on a statewide basis for considering the impact of exposures and for public policy and that these populations also can be used for epidemiologic study.
Sex-chromosome Abnormalities in a Population of Mentally Defective Children
Authors: J. L. Hamerton, G. M. Jagiello, B. H. Kirman
Journal: BMJ (1962)

et al., 1960; Israelsohn and Taylor, 1961).In the present paper we report the nuclear sex findings of the entire Fountain Hospital population of low-grade mentally defective children.In three subjects a sex-chromosome abnor- mality appeared likely and their clinical and cytological findings are described in detail. Material and MethodsOf the 425 subjects of both sexes of ages ranging from a few months to 20 years examined, 89 (20.8%) were mongols (Down's syndrome) and the remaining 336 (79.2%) were low-grade mental defectives, some of whom had associated somatic anomalies.Of this latter group 169 (39.7%) had " cerebral palsy."These data, together with the sex distribution of the population, are summarized in Table I.TABLE I.-Data on the Fountain Hospital Population Male Female Total c mental defective .. 87 82 169 (39g7/,I) !on-pastic ,, ,, ..
Atlas of Pulmonary Resections
Authors: Donald L. Paulson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<i>Atlas of Pulmonary Resections</i>would seem to provide needed information to young men in thoracic surgery. The book is a concise, systematic review of pulmonary resection techniques including pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and segmental resection, which are covered very well. While there are other books available on this general subject, there is none which covers it so completely. To be sure, the diagrams are not as clear as they might be, but they do provide the necessary information. A longer and more detailed section on anatomy would also strengthen the presentation. The descriptions for the diagrams are clear and to the point. The techniques that the authors describe are current and are universally accepted. This book will certainly provide an excellent addition to the knowledge available for residents and others in thoracic surgery who are learning and developing their teachniques of pulmonary resection.
On the Mechanism of Delayed Hyperaemia in the Calf Muscles in Obliterative Arterial Disease
Authors: I. Dahn, N. A. Lassen, H. Westling
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Delayed hyperaemia in the anterior tibial muscle following exercise of this muscle combined with ischaemia of the leg is considered pathognomonic of obliterative disease of the femoral artery. The phenomenon was studied by plethysmography and by the 133Xenon clearance technique. Slow repressurization in the distal arterial tree after cessation of the ischaemia was considered to be of prime importance, but preferential supply of blood to proximal and dependent muscles also contributed.
Cell-specific regulation of type II phospholipase A2 expression in rat mesangial cells.
Authors: M Konieczkowski, J R Sedor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

IL-1 stimulates mesangial cells to synthesize specific proteins, including a non-pancreatic (Type II) phospholipase A2 (PLA2). We have studied the regulation of PLA2 by proinflammatory mediators, implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, and have assessed whether the activation of second messenger systems modulates or mimics PLA2 gene expression by cytokines. IL-1 alpha and beta, TNF alpha, and LPS, but not serum, IL-2, or PDGF, potently induce PLA2 mRNA, and enzyme expression. IL-1-stimulated mesangial cells express a 1.0 kB PLA2 mRNA transcript that is induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-1-stimulated increases in steady-state PLA2 mRNA abundance result from a moderate increase in PLA2 transcription rate that is amplified by the prolonged persistence of the transcript. Forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP potentiate IL-1-induced PLA2 mRNA and enzyme expression, but have no effect in the absence of cytokine. 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate, sn-1, 2-dioctanoyl glycerol or 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol fail to induce PLA2 expression or to alter the effect of IL-1 when coincubated with the cytokine. In contrast, serum deprivation for 24 h specifically enhances IL-1-stimulated PLA2. Genistein potentiates PLA2 mRNA expression in cells exposed to both IL-1 and serum. The inhibitory effect of serum on IL-1-induced PLA2 mRNA abundance is reproduced by PDGF but not dexamethasone. These data demonstrate that the signaling pathways directly engaged by IL-1 to induce PLA2 expression in mesangial cells interact with several second messenger systems in a cell-specific manner. We speculate that IL-1 induces specialized changes in mesangial cell structure and function through direct activation of a transcription factor(s), that result in induction of a specific gene set.
Safety of chloral.
Authors: J. M. Orwin, H. G. Schroeder
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Last week we made a necropsy of a boy of 15 years, and previous to this the ages of the patients were 19, 20, 21, 30, and 31.Al- together we have, since 1949, made necropsies on 101 asthmatic people of various ages who have died suddenly and often unexpectedly.This series will be published shortly.The clinical and necropsy findings lead to the in- escapable conclusion that death in most of these was due to ventricular fibrillation.The possible role of inhaled drugs remains to be elucidated.This letter is to reinforce the view of others' that the excessive use of self- administered palliative drugs might instigate fatal cardiac dysrhythmia.-Weare, etc.,
An investigation into the progress of calcification in simple calcergy
Authors: J. E. Harries, P. A. Dieppe, P. Heap, J. Hornby, A. Swan, J. S. Shah
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

<h3>Introduction</h3> SPS notified 18 228 cases of tuberculosis (Tb) in 2009. The study of endemia trend since 1998 (49.3/100 000 inhabitants) points towards declining incidence rates (IR) of 37.9/100 000 inhabitants, showing a decrease of 23.7% up to 2009. In 1998, 16% of Tb cases were HIV+; in 2009, the co-infection fell to 12%. <h3>Objectives</h3> Study TB/AIDS co-infection trend in SPS, 1998–2009. <h3>Methodology</h3> Case numbers were found on SPS/Tb information database system. <h3>Results</h3> The co-infection IR decreased from 7.3 in 1998 to 4.2 in 2009 showing a linear declining trend (R2=0.89). This trend was maintained for clinical forms, with the extra-pulmonary (EP) having declined from 1.74 (1998) to 1.33 (2009) (R2=0.77) and the pulmonary decreasing from 5.56 to 2.83 (R2=0.95). The 15–49 years old group was the most affected. Male co-infection IR was twice the female. Treatment outcomes in co-infected patients—in spite of having improved, the cure rates in 1998 (37.2%) compared to 2009 (54.4%)—were well below the non co-infected patients (78% in 2009). Default rates of co-infected also declined from 23.3% (1998) to 18.7% in 2009. Although showing a slight decline from 23.9 % in 1998 to 21.8 % in 2009, mortality rates deserve our worries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Overall, the results point out to a declining co-infection trend. However treatment outcomes are quite worrisome; the cure of co-infected patients, being lower than the non co-infected, demonstrate the need to create priorities and adequate strategies for this population, mainly regarding the follow-up of these cases.
Drug company pulls out of Chinese lawsuit over diabetes drug
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In a move that highlights the struggle between multinational drug companies and manufacturers of generic drugs, GlaxoSmithKline has withdrawn from legal action in China to defend the formulation patent on rosiglitazone, the major component of its antidiabetes drug Avandia.

The large multinational companies, such as GlaxoSmithKline, are trying to get a foothold in the Chinese market while preventing competition from local copies of their products. Rather than just continue to breach copyright the Chinese companies are trying to secure the right to make the drugs legally.

Chris Hunter-Ward, the UK spokesman for GlaxoSmithKline, said: “There had been previous disclosures of some of the elements …
Effect of antigen/antibody ratio on macrophage uptake, processing, and presentation to T cells of antigen complexed with polyclonal antibodies.
Authors: F Manca, D Fenoglio, G Li Pira, A Kunkl, F Celada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Activation of a galactosidase-specific murine T hybridoma clone and of a human tetanus toxoid-specific T clone by antigen-presenting cells (APC) was used to evaluate the regulatory function of antibodies complexed with the relevant antigen. Complexed antigen, in fact, is taken up with high efficiency thanks to Fc receptors borne by APC. Antibody/antigen ratio in the complexes proved to be a critical parameter in enhancing antigen presentation. Complexes in moderate antibody excess provided optimal T cell activation independently of the physical state of the complexes (precipitated by a second antibody or solubilized by complement). Complexes in extreme antibody excess, on the contrary, did not yield T cell activation although taken up by APC efficiently. The effect of antibodies at extreme excess was observed with substimulatory dose of antigen (loss of potentiation) and with optimal dose of antigen (loss of stimulation). An excess of specific polyclonal antibodies hampers proteolytic degradation of antigen in vitro, supporting the view that a similar mechanism may operate within the APC that have internalized immune complexes in extreme antibody excess. The possibility that immune complex forming in extreme antibody excess may turn off the T cell response is proposed as a regulatory mechanism.
Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm During Anesthesia and Surgery
Authors: Charles A. Bertrand
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Continuous electrocardiographic recordings on magnetic tape were made in 100 patients undergoing surgery during general anesthesia; 84 of the patients had supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias were particularly common at the time of intubation and extubation. While the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias was similar in patients with cardiac disease and those without cardiac disease, the group with cardiac disease had a higher incidence of disturbances in ventricular rhythm (60% vs 37%); 24 of 25 patients with cardiac disease had some type of arrhythmia during the study period. All known patients with cardiac disease should be monitored during surgery.