tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small Bowel Posters
Authors: Martin Whyte, S Smale, P M Heil, P Prasad, T Davis, C Sewell, I Forgacs, Ingvar Bjarnason, H E Mulcahy
Journal: Gut (2001)

Introduction: Anti-endomysial antibodies have high specificity (90%) for the presence of coeliac disease, but there are ethical and cost issues associated with using monkey oesophagus for clinical tests. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is the main autoantigen recognised by endomysial antibodies and commercial tests have recently become available to measure tTG in serum.

Aim: To establish the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of IgA anti-tTG in adult clinical practice.

Methods: The study comprised 48 patients (mean age 52 years: range 20–86, 31 females) undergoing investigation for possible coeliac disease i. Patients with known coeliac disease were excluded from study. Serum IgA anti-tTG antibody titres were measured quantitatively by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QuantaLite tTG, Inova Diagnostics, Ca, USA). Samples were classified as negative ( 30 units).

Results: Duodenal biopsies were normal in 40 patients and untreated coeliac disease was diagnosed in the remaining 8 cases. All 8 patients with coeliac disease had moderate to strongly positive anti-tTG antibody titres. In addition, 9 of 40 patients without coeliac disease were anti-tTG antibody titre positive (5 weakly positive, 4 moderate to strongly positive). Overall, IgA antitissue tTG had a diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 100%, 78%, 47% and 100% respectively.

Conclusion: IgA antibody to tissue transglutaminase appears to be a highly sensitive predictor of adult onset coeliac disease in clinical practice. practice. The relatively high false positive rates for tTG in this material requires further study.

# 289. IS A RAISED INTRAEPITHELIAL COUNT WITH NORMAL VILLOUS ARCHITECTURE CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT? {#article-title-2}

The significance of an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) within an otherwise normal duodenal biopsy remains uncertain. Although it may represent latent coeliac disease, there is very little information available about cases that do not have gluten-sensitive enteropathy.

Methods: A consecutive series of routine endoscopic duodenal biopsies from August'98-July'99 reported by a …
CORRECTION
Authors: M T Bardella, M L Bianchi, A Teti
Journal: Gut (2005)

We were very interested in the recent article by Moschen et al on activation of the RANKL/OPG system in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ( Gut 2005; 54 :479–87). Until recently, osteoporosis secondary to gastrointestinal diseases was mainly considered a direct consequence of malabsorption.1,2 The article of Moschen et al and a previous one of our group on bone loss in coeliac disease,3 a disorder similarly characterised by …
Acute respiratory assessment service
Authors: Naureen Aslam, Su Win, Joanne Thompson, Amanda Bell, Helena Cummings, Jaymin B. Morjaria, Jack Kastelik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Acute respiratory disorders are a large burden to the acute medical services in any healthcare system. East Yorkshire has high prevalence of respiratory disorders. There are two large teaching hospitals under one institution providing care to a population of around 600,000 people including a mixture of inner city and rural areas.  Aim: To retrospectively review the outcomes of a new nurse-led specialist respiratory assessment service supported by respiratory consultants.  Methods: We developed an Acute Respiratory Assessment Service (ARAS); a team of 3 specialist respiratory nurses supervised by 2 consultant respiratory physicians. The ARAS team reviewed on a twice daily basis all acute respiratory admissions to the acute medical specialist unit in our hospitals. They were assessing in-patients on medical wards and intensive care and providing early supportive discharges. The ARAS team worked with community-based respiratory, oxygen, dieticians and smoking cessation services.  Results: Over 6 months period a total 606 patients were managed through ARAS; 342 had COPD, 50 asthma, 75 pneumonia, 70 lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and 63 with other respiratory conditions. A large proportion of patients were discharged from hospital within 96 hours; 185 (54%) with COPD, 36 (72%) with asthma, 39 (56%) with LRTI, 34 (54%) with pneumonia. ARAS team also supported discharge of patients with longer hospital stay. 13% of patients with COPD and asthma were readmitted within 30 days.  Conclusion: A dedicated specialist service provides high standard of care for patients with respiratory problems and works as a link between the acute hospital and community services resulting in a reduction length of hospital stay with low readmission rates.
Cell proliferation-related markers in colorectal liver metastases: correlation with patient prognosis.
Authors: A Costa, R Doci, C Mochen, P Bignami, A Faranda, L Gennari, R Silvestrini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

We analyzed the relation between phenotypic (DNA ploidy) and functional markers (S-phase cell fraction, p53, and bcl-2 protein expression) and defined their relevance on clinical outcome on a retrospective series of radically resected liver metastases from colorectal cancer.Among 104 patients with resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer, DNA ploidy was determined by flow cytometry, 3H-thymidine labeling index (TLI) by autoradiography, and expression of p53 and bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry.TLI was a significant indicator for relapse at 4 years from radical surgery, DNA ploidy was a suggestive indicator of clinical outcome, and p53 and bcl-2 expression provided no clinical information. By multivariate analysis, cell proliferation rate and Dukes' stage remained independent prognostic parameters. In the most representative subgroup of patients with H1 liver lesions (86 cases), TLI was always associated with relapse, and DNA ploidy and p53 expression provided discriminant information within slowly proliferating liver lesions.Tumor-cell proliferation of liver lesions should be used with stage of the primary colorectal cancer for a more accurate prognosis in patients submitted to curative hepatic resection.
Immune response in children with latent tuberculosis infection and active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nayalia Korneva, Anna Starshinova, Julia Ovchinnikova, Olga Yakunova, Irina Dovgaluk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Issue of the day - search of immunological criteria for the differential diagnosis of LTBI and active TB in children.

Objectives. The aim of this study is identify the features of immune response in children with LTBI and TB.

Material and methods. 155 children from 3 to 14 years old with a positive results of QFT were examined. Diagnostic complex: CT, tuberculin skin test (TST), DST, anti-TB antibodies, assessment of leucocytes' subsets, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, INF-γ), the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. All children were divided in 2 groups: I group (29) - LTBI, II group (126) - TB.

Results: No significant difference in TST between groups (low - 3.4 % vs 0, medium- 20.7 % vs 15.9%, high -75.9% vs. 84.1%) was observed. Titers anti-TB antibodies in II - were higher than in I. Statistically significant differences were detected only in complement fixation test (15.34 ± 5.86 (II group) vs. 9.75 ± 4.6 (I group), p = 0.04) significant differences in leucocytes' subsets between groups were found: level of CD25 + (p = 0.009 ) was increased in I group, CD3 +(p = 0.003 ) and CD4 +(p = 0.02) were increased in II group. Statistically significant differences in induced cytokine levels were absent, however, there was a trend of increasing levels of these cytokines in I group: IL- 2 ( 323 ± 244.9 vs 274.5 ± 203.6); IL- 4 (2.30 ± 1.05 vs 1.65 ± 1.02); IFN-γ ( 22856 ± 10800 vs 20800 ± 11055 ); TNF-α ( 1111 ± 681.5 vs 954.9 ± 732.1). The numbers of stimulated neutrophils (71.1 ± 3.05 vs. 66.88 ± 3.36) and phagocytic index (7.34 ± 1,23 vs 4.85 ± 0.49) were higher in I group.

Conclusions. LTBI is associated with increase of cytokines' levels (TNF-α, IL-2, INF-γ)and activation of neutrophils.
Subtypes of pulmonary emphysema on HRCT affect prognosis on combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Masanori Shiratori, Keiki Yokoo, Kimiyuki Ikeda, Motoki Natsuizaka, Yasuaki Umeda, Yasuo Kitamura, Mitsuo Otsuka, Hirofumi Chiba, Hiroyuki Koba, Hiroki Takahashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  The disease concept, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), has been proposed as fibrotic lung disorder in recent years, although its diagnostic criteria and precise prognosis have not been established yet. On the other hand, it is known that prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is very poor. In this study, we investigated the prognosis of IPF providing the characteristics of CPFE.   Methods:  Seventy-two patients with IPF who visited to our hospitals from 2007 to 2012 were investigated retrospectively. We diagnosed the patients as IPF according to the ATS/ERS-2002 statement. In the 72 patients, 66 were with findings of obvious honeycombing on HRCT. IPF with pulmonary emphysema (PE) on HRCT were divided into 3 groups by subtypes of PE as follows: IPF with paraseptal (p-PE) or centrilobular (c-PE) emphysema at the initial state, or, furthermore, mixed type of paraseptal and centrilobular emphysemas (m-PE) recognized at the final state. Prognosis of these groups was compared to that of IPF without PE (w/o-PE).   Results  :  IPF with PE (n=28) had significantly worse prognosis compared to w/o-PE (n=38). The p-PE (n=16) showed worse prognosis than c-PE (n=12) at the initial state. During observation period, some c-PE patients resulted in m-PE (n=6). They showed poor prognosis similar to p-PE and were characterized by lower %DLco than c-PE patients who remained the initial state.   Conclusions:  IPF patients with p-PE or m-PE showed significantly worse survival than those without PE. In IPF patients with c-PE in HRCT, decline of %DLco suggests possibility of change in the subtype of emphysema to m-PE and poor prognosis.
Mechanism of Induction of Ovarian Tumors in the Mouse by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene. VI. Effect of Normal Ovarian Tissue on Tumor Development&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jull Jw
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Mechanism of Induction of Ovarian Tumors in the Mouse by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. VI. Effect of Normal Ovarian Tissue on Tumor Development Get access J. W. Jull J. W. Jull Cancer Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 42, Issue 6, June 1969, Pages 967–972, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/42.6.967 Published: 01 June 1969 Article history Received: 04 December 1968 Accepted: 26 February 1969 Published: 01 June 1969
M2 macrophage marker CD163, CD204 and CD206 expression on alveolar macrophages in the lung of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
Authors: Yoichiro Kaku, Haruki Imaoka, Yoshitaka Morimatu, Masanobu Matsuoka, Hiroki Natori, Masashi Suetomo, Tomotaka Kawayama, Tomoaki Hoshino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Purpose:  The mechanism by which alveolar macrophages increase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unknown. CD163, CD204 and CD206 are known to be markers of M2 macrophages, which are a specific macrophage phenotype. We investigated the expression of CD163, CD204 and CD206 on alveolar macrophages in COPD patients.   Methods:  Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine CD163, CD204 and CD206 expression on alveolar macrophages in the lungs of COPD patients, smokers and non-smokers.   Results:  The numbers of alveolar macrophages in COPD patients were significantly greater in smoked and non-smokers. The numbers and percentages of CD163 + , CD204 +  or CD206 +  alveolar macrophages in patients with COPD at GOLD stages III and IV were significantly higher than in those at GOLD stages I and II, and those in smokers and non-smokers.   Conclusion:  Overproduction of CD163, CD204 and CD206 on alveolar macrophages in the lungs may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
New Agents in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Atish D. Choudhury, Philip W. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Discoveries of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have led to significant advancements in the development of effective agents in this setting, with diverse mechanisms of action. Within the past 2 years, 5 agents have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic CRPC (cabazitaxel, abiraterone, sipuleucel-T, denosumab, and enzalutamide), and another (Alpharadin) has shown overall survival benefit in a phase III trial. This article summarizes the phase III data showing clinical benefit from these agents, highlights other promising therapies in phase III studies as single agents (PROSTVAC-VF, ipilimumab, cabozantinib), discusses important unanswered questions regarding these therapies, and provides a schema for their use based on current regulatory approval and how this is likely to evolve as data from ongoing studies are reported. Although curative interventions in metastatic CRPC still do not exist, the hope is that optimization of therapeutic strategies can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Amyloidosis with pleural involvement
Authors: DR Graham, D Ahmad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Although amyloidosis of the respiratory tract is well recognized, pleural involvement is very rare with only two cases being reported in the past. We report a case of primary amyloidosis with pleural effusion and suggest that pleural involvement and pleural effusion be added to the classification of pulmonary amyloidosis, and that amyloidosis be added to the list of causes of a pleural effusion.
Targeting casein kinase II restores Ikaros tumor suppressor activity and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in high-risk leukemia
Authors: Chunhua Song, Chandrika Gowda, Xiaokang Pan, Yali Ding, Yongqing Tong, Bi-Hua Tan, Haijun Wang, Sunil Muthusami, Zheng Ge, Mansi Sachdev, Shantu G. Amin, Dhimant Desai, Krishne Gowda, Raghavendra Gowda, Gavin P. Robertson, Hilde Schjerven, Markus Muschen, Kimberly J. Payne, Sinisa Dovat
Journal: Blood (2015)
Preferential Inhibition by Quercetin of Mitogen-Stimulated Thymocyte Glucose Transport&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: David Hume, M J Weidemann, E Ferber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The ATPase Inhibitor quercetin, which Inhibits tumor glycolysis, was shown to be a glucose transport inhibitor like the chemically related compound phloretin. Rat thymocyte glucose transport stimulated by the mitogens concanavalin A or lonophore A 23187 was more sensitive than unstimulated transport to quercetin inhibition. The partial Inhibition of Na+-,K+-ATPase activity by quercetin observed In tumor cells was confirmed in thymocyte plasma membranes. The specific Na+-, K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain did not mimic the effect of quercetin on mitogen-stimulated glucose transport but did reduce the effectiveness of concanavalin A as a stimulator of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. The results support the idea that glycolytic flux and the activity of plasma membrane ATPase are related but suggest that glucose transport, rather than the Na+-, K+-ATPase, Is the rate-limiting reaction In lymphocytes.
Economic Evaluation of Bevacizumab for the First-Line Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Bruno Kovic, Feng Xie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose The Avastin in Glioblastoma trial has shown that patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with bevacizumab plus radiotherapy and temozolomide versus radiotherapy and temozolomide alone showed improvement in progression-free survival, possibly leading to a new indication for first-line use of bevacizumab in GBM. The cost-utility of this new intervention remains unknown; therefore, we developed a Markov model estimating the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) from a Canadian public payer perspective. Methods We incorporated trial data for state transitions and treatment effects from the Avastin in Glioblastoma trial, costs and resource use data from Canadian published studies and databases, and utility parameters from published literature. We addressed uncertainty through one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, extended the model to lifetime horizon and by another arm to compare first-line versus second-line use of bevacizumab on progression, performed value of information analysis, and performed US costing sensitivity analysis. Results Adding bevacizumab to radiotherapy and temozolomide resulted in increases of 0.13 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and $80,000 per patient over 2-year time horizon at the base case analysis. The ICUR was $607,966/QALY (95% CI, $305,000/QALY to $2,550,000/QALY), with 0% chance of being cost effective at the $100,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold and never going below $450,000/QALY in the one-way sensitivity analysis. The ICUR using the US costing data was $787,519/QALY. The lifetime ICUR was $439,764/QALY (95% CI, $235,000/QALY to $1,520,000/QALY), never going below $350,000/QALY in the sensitivity analysis. Second-line use of bevacizumab on progression is more effective and less expensive than its first-line use. Value of information analysis revealed that future research is unwarranted. Conclusion Bevacizumab has only limited effectiveness and is therefore not likely to be cost effective in treating adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM.
C-Type Particles in Primary and Transplanted Lung Tumors Induced in BALB/c Mice by Hydrazine Sulfate: Electron Microscopic and Immunodiffusion Studies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Emilio Bucciarelli, Rodolfo Ribacchi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Primary lung tumors induced in BALB/c mice by hydrazine sulfate, transplants of these tumors in newborn and adult syngeneic hosts taken between the first and twenty-fourth transplant generations, and samples of normal tissue from tumor-bearing mice were studied in the electron microscope for the presence of virus particles. Immunodiffusion studies for the presence of type-C, group-specific viral antigens were done on both transplanted tumors and normal tissues of the same mice. The neoplastic cells of the primary and transplanted tumors retained the typical structure of the cell of origin, the type-B alveolar cell. Cylindrical, type-C, and intracisternal A virus particles were observed. Cylindrical particles were seen only in the primary tumors and, characteristically, originated from dark, granular, cystlike areas of the neoplastic cells. C particles budded from the neoplastic cells or in intercellular spaces in 35% of primary tumors, 62.5% of transplanted tumors in newborn mice, and 31% of those transplanted into adults. Intracisternal A particles were seen in the neoplastic cells of 88% of the primary tumors, 25% of the tumors transplanted into newborns, and in 12.5% of those grafted into adults. In 63.6% of the normal lung-tissue samples, only intracisternal A particles were observed. Type-C, group-specific viral antigens were demonstrated by immunodiffusion in the transplanted tumors but not in the normal organs of tumor-bearing mice. These data suggest a possible activation of type-C virus particles in type-B alveolar cells by a chemical carcinogen.
Interdependence between body surface area and ultraviolet B dose in vitamin D production: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: M.K.B. Bogh, A.V. Schmedes, P.A. Philipsen, E. Thieden, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation increases serum vitamin D level expressed as 25‐hydroxyvitamin‐D3 [25(OH)D], but the relationship to body surface area and UVB dose needs investigation. Objective To investigate the importance of body surface area and UVB dose on vitamin D production after UVB exposure. Methods We randomized 92 participants to have 6%, 12% or 24% of their skin exposed to 0·75 (7·5 mJ cm−2 at 298 nm using the CIE erythema action spectrum), 1·5 (15 mJ cm−2) or 3·0 (30 mJ cm−2) standard erythema doses (SED) of UVB. Each participant underwent four UVB exposures at intervals of 2–3 days. Skin pigmentation and 25(OH)D levels were measured before and 48 h after the final exposure. Results The increase in 25(OH)D after irradiation [Δ25(OH)D] was positively correlated with body surface area (P = 0·006; R2 = 0·08) and UVB dose (P < 0·0001; R2 = 0·28), and negatively correlated with baseline 25(OH)D (P < 0·0001; R2 = 0·18), for the entire data sample. However, when analysing each body surface area separately, we found a significant UVB response correlation for 6% (P < 0·0001; R2 = 0·48) and 12% (P = 0·0004; R2 = 0·35), but not for 24%. We also found a significant skin area response correlation for 0·75 SED (P < 0·0001; R2 = 0·56), but not for 1·5 and 3·0 SED when analysing each UVB dose separately. The relationships did not change significantly after adjustment of Δ25(OH)D for baseline 25(OH)D. Conclusion The increase in 25(OH)D depends mainly on the UVB dose; however, for small UVB doses the area of irradiated body surface is important.