tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
iSlide: a ‘big picture’ interactive teledermatopathology e-learning system
Authors: P. Lee, C.-F. Chen, H.-T. Wan, W.-S. Jian, M.-H. Hsu, S. Syed-Abdul, C.-W. Huang, Y.-C. Huang, Y.-T. Lin, T.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Wu, Y.-C. Li
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Dermatopathology training is often limited by facilities and a dearth of specialists. Advancements in information and communication technologies have made possible the adoption of innovative learning techniques, especially in places where specialists are lacking. To implement and evaluate the performance of the iSlide system, which is an interactive dermatopathology training platform (http://scope.tmu.edu.tw/islide2/). Fifty‐two cases representing a variety of dermatopathology conditions and complications were used to set up the iSlide system, and virtual slides of these cases were produced. Medical students from the Dermatology Department of Taipei Medical University were taught to use the system. Performance of the system was evaluated and validated using questionnaires, the first comprising 20 questions and the second a shorter, six‐question telephone‐based survey on 15 of the 96 interns. Twenty cases prepared by the iSlide system were also presented at an international dermatopathology conference and evaluated by conference participants. Ninety‐six students and 72 experts participated in the study. Ninety‐two per cent of the students and 98% of the experts found the iSlide system to be a useful tool for learning dermatopathology. Of these, 82% of the students and 63% of the experts felt that iSlide was easy to use. iSlide is useful for dermatopathology. As only 82% of the student evaluators and 63% of the expert evaluators found the system easy to use, further work has to be done to improve the iSlide interface to make the system more user friendly.
Toward a collaborative community of minds
Authors: Katherine Nelson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Three points extend the authors' comprehensive and provocative argument: (1) The idea of "entering a community of minds" is suggested to replace theory of mind or social understanding; (2) learning words and concepts through a Wittgensteinian process often involves a period of "use without meaning"; (3) concepts based in social interaction are achieved through collaborative – neither individual nor social alone – construction.
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma in Acromegaly
Authors: Paul Milloy
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic coma developed in a 70-year-old acromegalic woman during progesterone therapy. Although recent reports of this syndrome stress low levels of plasma growth hormone, this patient had abnormally high levels. There may be a relationship between excess growth hormone and the hyperosmolar state. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded instance of this syndrome in acromegaly.
Corticosteroid-sparing effect of azelastine in the management of bronchial asthma.
Authors: W W Busse, E Middleton, W Storms, R J Dockhorn, T J Chu, J Grossman, J M Weiler, E A Bronsky, L E Mansfield, T D Bell, G R Hemsworth, J L Perhach, T A D'Eletto, A Dam
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The objective of this double-blind trial was to evaluate the corticosteroid-sparing effect of azelastine in patients with chronic bronchial asthma. A total of 193 subjects received either 6 mg of azelastine twice per day or placebo (in a 2:1 ratio) in combination with beclomethasone dipropionate (6 to 16 inhalations per day). The number of daily inhalations of the corticosteroid was reduced until maximum reduction or elimination was achieved. Patients then entered a 12-wk maintenance period, during which patients were maintained on their lowest possible dose of inhaled corticosteroid. Compared with placebo, the azelastine group had a statistically significantly greater overall median reduction in inhaled corticosteroids (4.9 puffs/day for azelastine versus 3.1 puffs/day for placebo; p < or = 0.010) during the maintenance period. The azelastine group also had a statistically significantly higher percentage of patients with reductions of > or = 50% and > or = 75% from the baseline level (53 and 31%, respectively, for azelastine versus 34 and 14%, respectively, for placebo; p < or = 0.028). The results demonstrated that azelastine, 6 mg twice per day, can reduce the need for inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic bronchial asthma and not lead to a deterioration in pulmonary function.
Abstract IA12: Ovarian cancer: Time for a new paradigm
Authors: Robert F. Ozols
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still diagnosed with advanced stage disease as screening and early detection have not been successful. The cornerstones of therapy have been surgical cytoreduction followed by combination chemotherapy. Numerous clinical trials in the past 4 decades have evaluated various chemotherapeutic approaches and different treatment modalities. Despite this intensive research effort, standard therapy remains surgery and chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin. Most patients will achieve a clinical complete remission but over 75% will relapse and recurrent ovarian cancer is not curable. While 5-year survival rates have improved, there has been no significant improvement in overall survival. It is not likely that significant improvements in either surgery or cytotoxic chemotherapy are forthcoming. Molecular targeted therapy is under intensive investigation. However, antiangiogenesis treatment, and PARP inhibiors ( in BRCA patients) have, as yet, only improved progression free survival without an improvement in survival. More specific molecular targets must be identified. Functional genomics, improved pre-clinical models, and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer perhaps hold the key to novel therapies which will increase the cure rate. Citation Format: Robert F. Ozols. Ovarian cancer: Time for a new paradigm. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Staining of baths by shortcontact dithranol therapy
Authors: K. Freeman, A.P. Warin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Staining of baths by shortcontact dithranol therapy Get access K. Freeman, K. Freeman Department of Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.P. Warin A.P. Warin Department of Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 2, 1 February 1984, Pages 246–247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb07476.x Published: 01 February 1984
Lumbar disc degeneration is linked to a carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 variant
Authors: You-Qiang Song, Tatsuki Karasugi, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Kazuhiro Chiba, Daniel W.H. Ho, Atsushi Miyake, Patrick Y.P. Kao, Kit Ling Sze, Anita Yee, Atsushi Takahashi, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Yasuo Mikami, Morio Matsumoto, Daisuke Togawa, Masahiro Kanayama, Dongquan Shi, Jin Dai, Qing Jiang, Chengai Wu, Wei Tian, Na Wang, John C.Y. Leong, Keith D.K. Luk, Shea-ping Yip, Stacey S. Cherny, Junwen Wang, Stefan Mundlos, Anthi Kelempisioti, Pasi J. Eskola, Minna MÃ¤nnikkÃ¶, Pirkka MÃ¤kelÃ¤, Jaro Karppinen, Marjo-Riitta JÃ¤rvelin, Paul F. Oâ€™Reilly, Michiaki Kubo, Tomoatsu Kimura, Toshikazu Kubo, Yoshiaki Toyama, Hiroshi Mizuta, Kathryn S.E. Cheah, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Pak-Chung Sham, Shiro Ikegawa, Danny Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is associated with both genetic and environmental factors and affects many people worldwide. A hallmark of LDD is loss of proteoglycan and water content in the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. While some genetic determinants have been reported, the etiology of LDD is largely unknown. Here we report the findings from linkage and association studies on a total of 32,642 subjects consisting of 4,043 LDD cases and 28,599 control subjects. We identified carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3), an enzyme that catalyzes proteoglycan sulfation, as a susceptibility gene for LDD. The strongest genome-wide linkage peak encompassed CHST3 from a Southern Chinese family–based data set, while a genome-wide association was observed at rs4148941 in the gene in a meta-analysis using multiethnic population cohorts. rs4148941 lies within a potential microRNA-513a-5p (miR-513a-5p) binding site. Interaction between miR-513a-5p and mRNA transcribed from the susceptibility allele (A allele) of rs4148941 was enhanced in vitro compared with transcripts from other alleles. Additionally, expression of CHST3 mRNA was significantly reduced in the intervertebral disc cells of human subjects carrying the A allele of rs4148941. Together, our data provide new insights into the etiology of LDD, implicating an interplay between genetic risk factors and miRNA.
Pulmonary tuberculosis: Chest radiograph can appear normal in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Ben C Creagh-Brown, Ruth Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Campbell and Bah-Sow describe
the varied patterns of abnormality in chest
radiographs in patients with pulmonary
tuberculosis, appearances often being less
specific in immunocompromised patients.1
We agree that a high index of suspicion is
necessary in such patients
and highlight the inadequacy of a chest radiograph
in excluding pulmonary
tuberculosis.
Molecular biology of the natriuretic peptides and their receptors.
Authors: K J Koller, D V Goeddel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

After the description in the past 5 years of BNP and CNP, interest in the natriuretic peptide family has dramatically increased. Molecular characterization of the receptors for this hormone family has identified a heterogeneity in the receptor subtypes not previously alluded to by pharmacological or biochemical studies. Much has been published on the physiology of ANP, but the major roles for BNP and CNP remain to be elucidated. Some experiments indicate that ANP and BNP may act synergistically, especially during cardiac stress; however, the high level of structural diversity of BNP among species and the ability of porcine BNP, but not human BNP, to activate human NPR-B suggest that an as yet unidentified receptor may exist that specifically recognizes BNP. Localization studies have implied that CNP is the most prominent neuropeptide in the natriuretic peptide family, and the restriction of its receptor, NPR-B, to the nervous system suggests that CNP and NPR-B may act in the brain to coordinate the central aspects of body fluid homeostasis. Of the three known NPRs, two, NPR-A and NPR-B, are capable of synthesizing their own second messenger, cGMP. The domain within these receptors that has high homology to protein kinases has been demonstrated to be essential for regulating this activity. No kinase activity has been measured in these proteins, but it is possible that this region is important for ATP regulation of guanylyl cyclase activity. This possibility raises interesting parallels with receptor-mediated cAMP signaling within cells. Seven transmembrane receptors, once activated by ligand, associate with G proteins to affect the activity of adenylyl cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
X-Ray Findings of Pancreatic Cysts Diagnosed by Endoscopic Pancreatocholangiography
Authors: E. Seifert, H. Stender, L. Sáfrány, P. Lesch, G. Luska, F. Misaki
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

In 32 cases pancreatic cysts were diagnosed by endoscopic pancreatocholangiography (ERPC) all confirmed by subsequent surgery. From the X-ray findings, we can enumerate the following symptoms as being typical of or at least suspicious for pancreatic cysts: 1. Direct filling of cyst cavity. 2. Filling defect in the pancreatic branches and parenchyma. 3. Obstruction of the main pancreatic duct as a strict or as a tapering type abruption. 4. Displacement and compressions of the common bile duct. Pancreatic cysts were located in the head region in 17 cases and in 15 cases in the tail region. Single cysts are seen more often than multiple cysts. If a pancreatic cyst is diagnosed or suspected by ERPC, surgery is indicated. The time of operation depends on the X-ray findings. Filled cysts without discharge into the main duct must be operated on immediately, at least within 10 hours of ERPC, due to the danger of purulent infection.
Physicians and the Peace Movement: Prescriptions for Hope
Authors: Paul R. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

With international and internecine conflicts increasing, physician involvement in the peace movement has never been more urgent. To chart a future role, Nick Lewer unravels our past, from the US War of Independence to the nuclear age, presenting a panorama of movements and issues, studded with succinct biographies of our inspiring activist forebears. Physician involvement with war and peace is natural: war leads to physical and psychological trauma, increases infectious diseases, and disrupts the supporting social fabric. The premier organization, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), founded in Switzerland in 1863, treats all victims of war and "natural" disasters. ICRC's apolitical image was tarnished in the 1930s, Lewer notes, when the abuses of the Red Cross symbol by Italian and German forces in Africa and Spain prompted a<i>Lancet</i>editorial questioning its adherence to the principle of neutrality.<sup>1</sup>In December 1992 ICRC stretched beyond its apolitical roots in
FRI0463 Factors associated with anxiety and depression in spondyloarthritis patients: results from the swedish population based spa scania cohort
Authors: J. J. L. Meesters, I. F. Petersson, S. Bergman, E. Haglund, L. T. H. Jacobsson, A. B. Bremander
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Anxiety and depression are more common among patients with rheumatic diseases and can influence treatment options and outcome. However insight in factors associated with anxiety and depression in patients with Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is scarce. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify factors associated with self-reported anxiety and depression in a well-defined population based cohort of patients with SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2009, 3711 adult SpA patients from the SpaScania cohort were identified and involved in a questionnaire survey including patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess quality of life, physical and mental functioning. To assess depression and anxiety the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D) was used. Each subscale ranges from 0-21; best to worst. HAD scores of ≥ 8 indicate probable cases of anxiety or depression. Differences in HADS subscale scores among the SpA subgroups were tested by using one-way ANOVA (p&lt;.05). Associations between PROMs and the HADS subscales, were studied with linear regression analysis including each independent variable separately (adjusted for age, gender and disease duration) and presented as β-estimates (95%CI). <h3>Results</h3> In total 2851 patients (76%) responded to the study invitation, 684 (18%) declined participation and 2167 (58%) returned the questionnaire. Mean age 55.4 (SD 13.9) years, mean disease duration 14.4 (12.1) years and 52% female. SpA subgroups were: Ankylosing spondylitis 501 (23%), Psoriatic arthritis 1171 (54%), and undifferentiated SpA 495 (23%). Mean HADS-A was 5.9 (4.3) and mean HADS-D 4.4 (3.6) respectively for the whole SpA group. In total 683 (32%) cases were classified as probable anxiety cases and 305 (14%) as probable depression cases. No differences in HADS were found among the different SpA subgroups for anxiety or depression (p&gt;0.6). Higher scoring on HADS-A and HADS-D was associated with (table): lower education, lower physical activity (HADS-D only), chronic pain problems, more fatigue, lower general health, lower HRQoL (EQ-5D), lower level of functioning (BASFI), higher disease activity (BASDAI), lower self-efficacy (ASES). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with SpA do report problems with anxiety and/or depression and associations appear highly multifactorial with a profile of impaired health in general. Screening patients with SpA for anxiety and depression in the clinic is important but using a simple proxy is discouraged. Instead HADS or other comprehensive instruments to assess anxiety or depression should be considered. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Measles Vaccine Field Trials in Alaska
Authors: Jacob A. Brody, Irvin Emanuel, Robert McAlister, E. Russell Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Live measles vaccine was given to almost the entire population of the village of St. Paul in the Pribilof Islands in 1963, where exposure to measles had not occurred since 1942. Reactions among susceptibles tended to be mild, with temperatures of 102 F (38.9 C) or over occurring in 7%, and rash appearing in 6% of 164 individuals. No clinical or serologic response was noted among seroimmune individuals when vaccine was administered with or without γ-globulin.
Can Urinary PCA3 Supplement PSA in the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer?
Authors: John T. Wei, Ziding Feng, Alan W. Partin, Elissa Brown, Ian Thompson, Lori Sokoll, Daniel W. Chan, Yair Lotan, Adam S. Kibel, J. Erik Busby, Mohamed Bidair, Daniel W. Lin, Samir S. Taneja, Rosalia Viterbo, Aron Y. Joon, Jackie Dahlgren, Jacob Kagan, Sudhir Srivastava, Martin G. Sanda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Given the limited sensitivity and specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), its widespread use as a screening tool has raised concerns for the overdiagnosis of low-risk and the underdiagnosis of high-grade prostate cancer. To improve early-detection biopsy decisions, the National Cancer Institute conducted a prospective validation trial to assess the diagnostic performance of the prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) urinary assay for the detection of prostate cancer among men screened with PSA.
England ends the ban on healthcare workers with HIV performing certain procedures
Authors: C. Mahony
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Dramatic advances in treatment make it safe to lift an “outdated” ban on HIV positive doctors performing invasive procedures, the chief medical officer for England, Sally Davies, has said.

The Department of Health announced on 14 August that from next April HIV positive doctors, dentists, and other health workers across the United Kingdom can resume all clinical work if combination antiretroviral treatment has reduced their plasma viral load to undetectable levels and they are continuing to receive that treatment.

However, they will have to register with Public Health England, which will monitor their viral load based on quarterly reports from the clinician’s own HIV and occupational health physicians.

Davies said, “The issue is whether they [the clinicians] are infectious or not—rather than whether they are infected …
Gastric Ulcer — Benign or Malignant
Authors: Frank Abbot, Samuel Blank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE roentgenologic diagnosis of gastric ulcer is not difficult. The difficulty arises when an attempt is made to differentiate a benign from a malignant ulcer. The internists, surgeons and radiologists are not in agreement whether such a differentiation is possible, Grimes1 contending that it is quite impossible with current methods. This is also the general attitude of Palmer,2 Marshall and Welch,3 Allen,4 and Jordan.5 On the other hand, Stevenson and Yates6 report an accuracy of 93.4 per cent in 91 cases. Corrigan and Peterson,7 Bille and Rømcke8 and others concur in this opinion. This difference of opinion appears to be . . .
Turning a blind eye to anti-VEGF toxicities
Authors: Susan E. Quaggin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Excessive blood vessel growth is a key feature of many retinal diseases, and recently, anti-VEGF therapy has been successfully applied to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. In this issue of the JCI, Kurihara et al. reveal an essential role of Vegfa in maintaining choroid vasculature and cone photoreceptors, critical for central and color vision. Their findings suggest that therapeutic approaches to blocking VEGF signaling in retinal diseases might have unexpected detrimental side effects and that the development of alternative strategies might be necessary.
Data protection and freedom of information
Authors: Barbara Meredith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The law is only a catalyst for changing the culture in the NHS 

T he protection and use of confidential information about patients has had welcome priority in the government's thinking in recent years1–3 and becomes more important with the planned introduction of the new NHS care records service.4 The legal framework for the processing and use of personal information is set out in the Data Protection Act 1998, which makes provision for the protection of privacy and confidentiality of people's personal information.5 At the other end of the privacy spectrum, openness and accountability in the NHS have been given a boost with the implementation in January 2005 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000.6 Many members of the public and healthcare professionals are unclear about the details—perhaps even the existence—of both laws and what they mean in practice.

The Freedom of Information Acts (Scotland's was passed in 2002) give people a general right of access to information held by or on behalf of public bodies, which include NHS trusts, primary care trusts, strategic and special health authorities, and others—general practitioners, dentists, opticians, and pharmacists—providing services under parts II or 28C of the NHS Act 1977. The act creates an obligation on these bodies to have a publication scheme …
1090 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth by cAMP-dependent inhibition of the PkA/SRC/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: G FAVA, J PHINIZY, S GLASER, H FRANCIS, L MARUCCI, A BENEDETTI, B BAUMANN, S TAFFETANI, J VENTER, G ALPINI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Rats were trained in one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance and tested either 3 h or 31 days later. Ten minutes prior to the retention test, through indwelling cannulae placed in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, they received 0.5 μl infusions of: saline, a vehicle (2% dimethylsulfoxide in saline), the glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) (5.0 μg), the AMPA/kainate receptor blocker, cyanonitroquinoxaline dione (CNQX) (0.25 or 1.25 μg), the metabotropic receptor antagonist, methylcarboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) (0.5 or 2.5 μg), the inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (KN62) (3.5 μg), the inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), Rp-cAMPs (0.1 or 0.5 μg), the stimulant of the same enzyme, Sp-cAMPs (0.1 or 0.5 μg), or the inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase, PD098059 (10 or 50 μM). CNQX, KN62 and PD098059 were dissolved in the vehicle; the other drugs were dissolved in saline. All these drugs, at the same doses, had been previously found to affect short- and long-term memory formation of this task. Retrieval measured 3 h after training (short-term memory) was blocked by CNQX and MCPG, and was unaffected by all the other drugs. In contrast, retrieval measured at 31 days was blocked by MCPG, Rp-cAMPs and PD098059, enhanced by Sp-cAMPs, and unaffected by CNQX, AP5 or KN62. The results indicate that, in CA1, glutamate metabotropic receptors are necessary for the retrieval of both short- and long-term memory; AMPA/kainate receptors are necessary for short-term but not long-term memory retrieval, and NMDA receptors are uninvolved in retrieval. Both the PKA and MAPK signalling pathways are required for the retrieval of long-term but not short-term memory.