tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Ibuprofen and Indomethacin for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Bart Van Overmeire, Koen Smets, Dominiek Lecoutere, Hilde Van de Broek, Joost Weyler, Katya De Groote, Jean-Paul Langhendries
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Indomethacin is the conventional treatment for hemodynamically important patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. However, its use is associated with various side effects. In a prospective study, we compared ibuprofen and indomethacin with regard to efficacy and safety for the early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.We studied 148 infants (gestational age, 24 to 32 weeks) who had the respiratory distress syndrome and an echocardiographically confirmed, hemodynamically important patent ductus arteriosus. The infants were randomly assigned at five neonatal intensive care centers to receive three intravenous doses of either indomethacin (0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, given at 12-hour intervals) or ibuprofen (a first dose of 10 mg per kilogram, followed at 24-hour intervals by two doses of 5 mq per kilogram each), starting on the third day of life. The rate of ductal closure, the need for additional treatment, side effects, complications, and the infants' clinical course were recorded.The rate of ductal closure was similar with the two treatments: ductal closure occurred in 49 of 74 infants given indomethacin (66 percent), and in 52 of 74 given ibuprofen (70 percent) (relative risk, 0.94; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 1.17; P=0.41). The numbers of infants who needed a second pharmacologic treatment or surgical ductal ligation did not differ significantly between the two groups. Oliguria occurred in 5 infants treated with ibuprofen and in 14 treated with indomethacin (P=0.03). There were no significant differences with respect to other side effects or complications.Ibuprofen therapy on the third day of life is as efficacious as indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants with the respiratory distress syndrome and is significantly less likely to induce oliguria.
The Uptake of Lead by Children in Differing Environments
Authors: F. W. Alexander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Balance studies have been performed for lead upon eight healthy children in three different home environments and upon eight children with inborn errors of metabolism in hospital (consuming two different types of synthetic diet). The balances were for 3 days and involved the use of metal-free diapers where indicated. The concentration of lead in all the samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after suitable sample preparation. In addition, the total population of children under the age of 16 living in a working class area exposed to undue amounts of lead was examined in an attempt to determine whether their mental development had been affected. Blood lead levels, general intelligence, reading ability, and rate of behavior disorder were measured. The results of the balances showed that the mean daily intake of lead in both groups of children was lower than previously recorded figures, being lowest of all in the breastfed infant. The healthy group absorbed a mean value of 53% and retained 18% of the dietary intake and there was no relationship to age or month of the year of study. The children with inborn errors showed a significantly lower percentage absorption of lead. The preliminary results of the population survey showed that distance from the polluting lead source was related to blood lead level, but no relationship could be found between blood lead level and any measure of mental function.
Evaluatable, Not Evaluable
Authors: KARL E. PEACE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Evaluatable, Not EvaluableKARL E. PEACE, PH.D.KARL E. PEACE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-573_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: For sometime I have argued that the termevaluatablemore appropriately describes the process of deciding whether data are to be included in efficacy analyses than does the termevaluable. Neither word is found in modern dictionaries. The root for the former term isevaluate. The root for the latter term must beevalue.Evalueis not to be found in modern dictionaries nor in any of the older ones in which I have looked. However, evaluate is found.Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary(1) gives "to determine the significance or worth of . . . by careful...Reference1. WEBSTER'S NEW COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY. Springfield, Massachusetts; G. & C. Merriam Company; 1981. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Smith Kline & French Laboratories Philadelphia, PA 19101 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 573-573 Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
DOUBLE‐BLIND PLACEBO‐CONTROLLED CLINICAL EVALUATION OF OXATIMIDE (R 35443). A NOVEL POTENT ANTI‐ALLERGIC DRUG IN THE TREATMENT OF HAY FEVER
Authors: R. DE BEULE, E. VANNIEUWENHUYSE, J. CALLIER, W. VERSTRAETE, F. DEGREEF, M. GREGOIRE, Y. ROBIENCE, W. STEVENS, P. LIBERT
Journal: Allergy (1977)

The efficacy of the new anti-allergic compound oxatimide was tested in a double-blind study against a placebo during the pollen season of 1976 in 215 patients (4 1/2--69 years) with hay fever. Adult patients were instructed to take two tablets (= 20 mg) three times a day for 2 weeks, children received one tablet/10 kg of body weight daily; in addition, they were given a supply of diphenhydramine as a potential supplement. Twelve patients, six from either group, were excluded from the analysis. A significantly higher proportion of patients from the active drug group (n = 104) experienced no or only a few days of complaints, i.e. rhinitis and conjunctivitis, as well as asthma-like complaints, as compared with those of the control group (n = 99). Also, diphenhydramine consumption became significantly lower in the active drug group from the second day onwards, whereas a gradual increase and continuous need were seen in the greater part of the control group. One week of treatment appears sufficient to judge whether the individual patient benefits from the drug or not.
Comparison of the effects of valgus loading and internal axial tibial torque on ACL strain during a simulated jump landing
Authors: Y Oh, J Ashton-Miller, E Wojtys
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Little is known about how much Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain is increased by a valgus moment versus an internal axial tibial torque loading during a unipedal jump landing. Objective To test the (null) hypothesis that the anteromedial (AM) bundle ACL relative strain would not be significantly different under a simulated one-foot jump landing imposing an internally-directed tibial torque versus one imposing a valgus knee moment. Design 12 cadaveric knees (mean (SD) age: 65.0 (10.5) years) were tested to study the effect of internally-directed tibial torque on the AM-ACL relative strain. Pretensioned quadriceps, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit forces maintained an initial knee flexion angle. A compound impulsive test load (2*BW compression, flexion moment and internal tibial torque or valgus knee moment) was applied to the tibia while recording the 3-D knee loads and tibofemoral kinematics. AM-ACL relative strain was measured using a 3 mm DVRT. Each loading condition (ie, ‘internal’ or ‘valgus’ loading) was compared against ‘baseline’ loading condition under compression and flexion moment. Results were compared with those from Withrow et al . (2005) for 11 cadaveric knees of similar age tested on the same apparatus to investigate the effect of valgus knee loading on AM-ACL relative strain. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to test the null hypotheses (p&lt;0.05 being considered significant). Setting A cross-sectional, repeated measures, in vitro laboratory study. Assessment of risk factors Independent variables included the magnitude of the impulsive compressive force, flexion moment, and internal tibial torque or valgus knee moment. Main outcome measurement AM-ACL relative strain. Results Normalised peak AM-ACL relative strain increased 117% under internally-directed tibial torque (17 ± 4 N-m), whereas the corresponding value increased 30% under valgus knee loading (133 ± 29 N-m) (p=0.016). Conclusion Internal axial tibial torque increases AM-ACL relative strain more than a valgus load under a simulated jump landing.
The Effect of Chlorophenoxyisobutyric Acid and Ethinyl Estradiol on Cholesterol Turnover*
Authors: Paul J. Nestel, Eugene Z. Hirsch, Elizabeth A. Couzens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Measurements of cholesterol turnover in man have been reported previously (1-3), but a rela- tionship between turnover and cholesterol concen- tration has not been demonstrated (3).This may be due, in part, to the complex distribution of cholesterol in the body that renders the interpre- tation of isotopic data difficult.Cholesterol exists in the body in a number of separate pools that appear to turn over at differ- ing rates (4).However, Chobanian and Hol- lander (5) and Avigan, Steinberg, and Berman (6) have shown that when labeled cholesterol is injected into man or into the rat, equilibration of the total exchangeable cholesterol in the body is eventually achieved and that the subsequent re- moval of labeled cholesterol from the body repre- sents the turnover of the slowly miscible pool of cholesterol.Since it seemed probable that cholesterol lower- ing drugs would affect the rate at which choles- terol is synthesized or excreted, we have made measurements of cholesterol turnover before and after treatment with cholesterol lowering drugs.We have studied the effects of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid and ethinyl estradiol and have demon- strated that such studies may provide an indi- cation of the mechanism of action of such drugs. MethodsTen subjects with coronary heart disease, aged 37 to 62, were studied.Eight had had a myocardial infarc- tion approximately 1 year previously, and two suffered from angina pectoris.Three patients were being treated with anticoagulants.The dietary intake was not re- *
Angiotensin II receptor blockade does not improve left ventricular function andremodeling in subacute mitral regurgitation in the dog
Authors: Gilbert J. Perry, Chih-Chang Wei, Gerald H. Hankes, S.Ray Dillon, Patricia Rynders, Rupak Mukherjee, Francis G. Spinale, Louis J. Dell’Italia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Apoptosis in Human Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Antti Saraste, Kari Pulkki, Markku Kallajoki, Kenth Henriksen, Martti Parvinen, Liisa-Maria Voipio-Pulkki
Journal: Circulation (1997)

After reopening of the infarct-related coronary artery, cardiomyocytes continue to die during reperfusion. The mechanisms of cell death have been subject to debate. We studied whether an apoptotic type of cell death occurs in human acute myocardial infarction (AMI).We studied myocardial samples of eight patients who died of AMI and had patent infarct-related arteries at autopsy. Six of the patients had received initially successful thrombolysis. Extensive formation of DNA strand breaks, the typical biochemical feature of apoptosis, was detected with the use of the in situ DNA end-labeling method. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed particularly in the border zones of histologically infarcted myocardium, whereas very few apoptotic cells were present in the remote noninfarcted myocardium. Internucleosomal fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA isolated from the representative myocardial areas.This study provides evidence that in addition to overt necrosis, a subset of myocytes undergo apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis may provide a new target for cardioprotection during evolving AMI in humans.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (Acute Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome) Occurring in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dariusch Haghi, Stephan Fluechter, Tim Suselbeck, Joachim Saur, Osama Bheleel, Martin Borggrefe, Theano Papavassiliu
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Approaches to the development of selective inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: P. L Weissberg, D. J Grainger, C. M Shanahan, J. C Metcalfe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Abnormal proliferation of VSMC is a feature of atheromatous plaques and is responsible for obstructive neointimal lesions at the sites of mechanical or immunological intimal damage. We have discussed approaches to the development of specific inhibitors of VSMC proliferation based firstly on studies of the mechanism of action of known inhibitors and secondly on the identification of genes which are unique to and necessary for VSMC proliferation. The effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, heparin and hexamethylene bisacetamide on VSMC proliferation have been discussed. Each of these types of agent has been shown to inhibit VSMC proliferation in vitro and/or in vivo. Examination of the mechanisms by which these agents inhibit VSMC proliferation reveals that transforming growth factor beta is an important mediator of their action and that the processes of de-differentiation and proliferation are independently regulated. Studies aimed at identifying genes involved in VSMC proliferation are at an early stage but have already provided strong evidence to support the hypothesis that VSMC in the vessel wall are heterogeneous and contain a subpopulation of cells with an enhanced proliferative capacity. Identification of the genes expressed by these cells may allow specific inhibitors of VSMC proliferation to be developed and may shed light on the pathogenesis of neointimal lesions.
France's “right to die” law: Doctors may not be disinterested parties
Authors: Harold A Maio
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Save the FDAEditor-Abbasi asks whether drug regulation is failing. 1 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performs a thankless task.Patients want new drugs available immediately and agitate to accomplish this.Patients also wish medicines to be guaranteed safe, and blame the FDA when toxicity leads to a drug's withdrawal.Clinical scientists complain that the FDA obstructs their investigations.Pharmaceutical companies see the FDA as an adversary, not a protector.Practising in the USA for 20 years, I encountered many FDA agents.A few revered regulations for their own sake.Such people are irksome, but without strict oversight valueless and toxic agents would be marketed.A prime example is Laetrile (laevo-mandelonitrile-beta-glucuronoside), a useless and poisonous drug promoted for cancer treatment.The FDA, supported by the National Cancer Institute, successfully resisted extreme public pressure to allow its marketing, saving many lives and a multimillion dollar fraud.The FDA faces serious accusations.Attempting to suppress David Graham's whistleblowing on rofecoxib assaults scientific honesty. 2 3 The FDA's refusal to allow non-prescription sales of emergency contraception indicates unacceptable political pressure from the religious right.Unduly close relations between the FDA and pharmaceutical companies may lead to premature marketing approvals.How should the FDA be saved?Firstly, officials ordering withdrawal of a drug should be independent of those who approve marketing.Secondly, making the FDA a quango would protect from political pressures.Thirdly, conflicts of interest involving FDA employees and consultants must be rigorously scrutinised, even more severely than editors scrutinise the interests of contributors.The UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency is accused of proindustry bias.Housecleaning there and at the FDA will benefit patients, doctors, and the pharmaceutical industry itself.
Caring for Survivors of the Chernobyl Disaster
Authors: Armin D. Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The health status of approximately 1 million immigrants in the United States and Israel may have been adversely affected by radiation exposure as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster and cleanup efforts. Many of these immigrants suffer from significant psychological distress, fearing that they have a radiation-induced illness. Based on a review of the literature and our experience from the US National Chernobyl Registry Coordinating Center, we recommend that medical management of these immigrants include routine physical examination, with particular attention to the thyroid gland. Adults should receive regular cancer screening as well as routine blood chemistry tests, thyroid function tests, complete blood cell count, and urinalysis. Children should be examined regularly, with attention to the thyroid and overall body growth. It is reasonable for children to undergo thyroid studies, a complete blood cell count, or neuropsychiatric testing if there is clinical suspicion of a disorder. Given the long latency period for disease induction by radiation exposure, it is still too early to fully assess and draw conclusions concerning the possible health effects of the Chernobyl disaster, and long-term follow-up of all potentially affected individuals is important.
Chemistry and Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids
Authors: Alan F. Hofmann
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A brief review is given of the chemistry of bile acids, emphasizing the relationship between chemical structure, physical properties and enterohepatic cycling of the major primary and secondary bile acids. Features of the enterohepatic circulation of primary and secondary bile acids in man are summarized. The effects of bile acid feeding on the composition of the enterohepatic circulation in man are reviewed. Methods for characterizing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man are tabulated.
RIGHT ATRIAL BOOSTER STRAIN DURING AN INDEX BEAT IS THE STRONGEST PREDICTOR OF MAINTENANCE OF SINUS RHYTHM ONE YEAR POST CARDIOVERSION IN SUBJECTS WITH PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Samir K. Saha, Malini Govindan, Anatoli Kiotsekoglou, John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Promoting Health and Physical Function Among Cancer Survivors: Potential for Prevention and Questions That Remain
Authors: Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Bernardine M. Pinto, Ellen R. Gritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Cancer survivors are at increased risk, not only for progressive and recurrent disease, but also other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and functional decline. Lifestyle interventions to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors, and smoking cessation, have the potential to improve the overall health and quality of life of this vulnerable population. Studies on overall health and physical function from 1966 and beyond regarding the impact of behavioral interventions that used randomized and controlled designs were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Published reports currently exist for 22 exercise interventions, 11 diet-related interventions (excluding those limited to dietary supplements or single nutrients), two diet and exercise interventions, and 10 behavioral-based smoking cessation interventions. Although many interventions have been successful in promoting behavioral change and have resulted in improvements in various health-related outcomes, more research is needed to determine the key components of interventions that are able to produce the greatest behavioral change and the most favorable health-related benefits. The oncology care provider can play a pivotal role in improving the long-term health of cancer survivors by (1) being aware of opportunities to encourage healthful behaviors (ie, smoking cessation, weight control, and increased physical activity); (2) vigilantly tracking long-term effects among cancer survivors and exploring whether they are amenable to intervention; (3) staying abreast of current health behavior guidelines for cancer survivors and existing resources for professional and patient education; and (4) supporting and contributing to efforts aimed at primary and tertiary prevention research.
Lupus anticoagulant in women with multiple spontaneous miscarriage
Authors: Margaret A. Howard, Barry G. Firkin, David L. Healy, Siew‐Chin C. Choong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A link between the presence of the lupus anticoagulant (LA) and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage exists; however, the incidence of the LA in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage is unknown. We have therefore investigated the incidence of the LA in women with recurrent miscarriage but without evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus or other syndromes known to predispose towards spontaneous abortion. Plasma from 29 such women was obtained and tested in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), testing for correction with normal plasma if prolonged and in the dilute simplastin time test (DSTT), again mixing with normal plasma if prolonged. Using a prolongation in either/or both tests which was not corrected by mixing with normal plasma as criteria for the presence of the LA, 14 (48%) patients showed evidence for the presence of the LA. Substitution of platelet‐rich plasma for phospholipid and plasma in the APTT corrected the prolonged clotting time in every patient (9/29) in which it was prolonged, further substantiating the presence of the LA. We suggest that the presence of the LA should be investigated in any patient with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
The Role of Relative Lymphocyte Count as a Biomarker for the Effect of Catumaxomab on Survival in Malignant Ascites Patients: Results from a Phase II/III Study
Authors: Markus M. Heiss, Michael A. Ströhlein, Carsten Bokemeyer, Dirk Arnold, Simon L. Parsons, Diane Seimetz, Horst Lindhofer, Elisabeth Schulze, Michael Hennig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: We report the role of relative lymphocyte count (RLC) as a potential biomarker with prognostic impact for catumaxomab efficacy and overall survival (OS) based on a post hoc analysis of the pivotal phase II/III study of intraperitoneal catumaxomab treatment of malignant ascites. Experimental Design: The impact of treatment and RLC on OS was evaluated using multivariate Cox models. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests were used for group comparisons. Survival analyses were performed on the safety population [patients with paracentesis plus ≥1 dose of catumaxomab (n = 157) and paracentesis alone (n = 88)]. Determination of the optimal cutoff value for RLC was based on five optimality criteria. Results: OS was significantly longer with catumaxomab versus paracentesis alone (P = 0.0219). The 6-month OS rate with catumaxomab was 28.9% versus 6.7% with paracentesis alone. RLC had a positive impact on OS and was an independent prognostic factor (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In patients with RLC &amp;gt; 13% (n = 159: catumaxomab, 100 and control, 59), catumaxomab was associated with a favorable effect on OS versus paracentesis alone (P = 0.0072), with a median/mean OS benefit of 41/131 days and an increased 6-month survival rate of 37.0% versus 5.2%, respectively. In patients with RLC ≤ 13% at screening (n = 74: catumaxomab, 50 and control, 24), the median (mean) OS difference between the catumaxomab and the control group was 3 (16) days, respectively (P = 0.2561). Conclusions: OS was significantly improved after catumaxomab treatment in patients with malignant ascites. An RLC &amp;gt; 13% at baseline was a significant prognostic biomarker. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3348–57. ©2014 AACR.