tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenolsulfonphthalein Variability in Ampules
Authors: Hans N. Naumann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To the well-known difficulties of the phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP, phenol red) test for kidney function (accurate measurement and injection of exactly 1 ml equaling 6 mg of PSP, complete voiding and collection of urine, and correct timing) there is to be added another problem, namely, the variable amount of PSP in ampules. Discrepancies of standards prepared from weighed PSP and from ampules were traced to considerable variation of PSP concentration in ampules containing up to 10% less than labeled. Surprisingly, such deficits were found to be legitimate according to the<i>US Pharmacopeia</i>(17th revision, p 457), which specifies that phenolsulfonphthalein injection "contains not less than 90% and not more than 105%...." The maximum error resulting from these wide USP tolerance limits of PSP solutions may be assessed by means of a hypothetical situation. For instance, PSP calibration may have been based on 105% of PSP (1 ml=6.3 mg)
The Effect of Telithromycin in Acute Exacerbations of Asthma
Authors: Sebastian L. Johnston, Francesco Blasi, Peter N. Black, Richard J. Martin, David J. Farrell, Richard B. Nieman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of telithromycin in patients with acute exacerbations of asthma.A total of 278 adults with diagnosed asthma were enrolled within 24 hours after an acute exacerbation of asthma requiring short-term medical care. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of oral treatment with telithromycin (at a dose of 800 mg daily) or placebo in addition to usual care. Primary efficacy end points were a change from baseline over the treatment period in symptoms (as recorded by patients in a diary card) and in the peak expiratory flow in the morning at home. The presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae was ascertained by serologic analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and culture.Of the two prespecified primary outcomes, only asthma symptoms showed a significantly greater reduction among patients receiving telithromycin than among those receiving placebo. Mean (+/-SD) scores on a test of asthma symptoms (on a 7-point scale, with 0 denoting no symptoms and 6 denoting severe symptoms) were 3.0+/-1.4 at baseline and 1.7+/-1.1 at the end of treatment for the telithromycin group and 2.8+/-1.3 at baseline and 2.0+/-1.0 at the end of treatment for the placebo group. The mean decrease in symptom scores during the treatment period was 1.3 for telithromycin and 1.0 for placebo (mean difference, -0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.5 to -0.1; P=0.004). There was no significant treatment effect on the other primary outcome measure, a change in morning peak expiratory flow. Nausea was more common among patients in the telithromycin group than in the placebo group (P=0.01). Although 61 percent of patients had evidence of infection with C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, or both, there was no relationship between bacteriologic status and the response to asthma treatment.This study provides evidence of the benefit of telithromycin in patients with acute exacerbations of asthma; the mechanisms of benefit remain unclear. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00273520.).
Continuous inhalation of carbon monoxide attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension development presumably through activation of BK channels
Authors: E DUBUIS, M POTIER, R WANG, C VANDIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that inhalation of a low concentration of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) attenuates the development of hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension by activation of large-conductance voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa). Methods: The BKCa activity was measured using whole-cell and inside-out patch clamp recordings in Wistar rat pulmonary artery (PA) myocytes. Pulmonary artery pressures were measured in vivo and membrane potentials were recorded in vitro in pressurized resistance arteries. Results: Chronic CO inhalation slightly increases single-channel conductance of BKCa channels and induces a large increase in the sensitivity of BKCa channels to Ca2+ of PA myocytes from normoxic and chronic hypoxic rats. Consequently, BKCa currents are increased and play a more prominent role in controlling resting membrane potential of PA myocytes. Chronic CO inhalation also reduces hemodynamic changes induced by chronic hypoxia and attenuates hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension. Conclusion: Chronic inhalation of CO attenuates hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension development presumably through activation of BKCa channels. These results highlight the potential use of CO as a novel avenue for research on the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAHT) in a similar manner to another gasotransmitter, nitric oxide.
STUDIES ON A PARATYPHOID INFECTION IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

A group of 105 breeders and 36 unweaned guinea pigs was tested to determine the extent of specific fecal excretion and the proportion of serum reactors in a population naturally infected with two types of B. paratyphi. The second, more recent type of organism was isolated from the feces of 3 breeders and 3 young. No carriers of the first type were detected. 86 per cent of the breeders and 72 per cent of the unweaned guinea pigs agglutinated the second type of B. paratyphi in dilutions ranging from 1:10 through 1:640. 13 per cent of the breeders and 28 per cent of the unweaned young agglutinated the initial type. There was a cross or double agglutination in most instances. The serological findings roughly reflected the distribution of the two types as indicated by the mortality rate of the population at large. 50 breeders selected on the basis of agglutination and fecal examination and therefore supposedly free from infection were segregated and kept under close observation. Both types of B. paratyphi subsequently appeared in the group. During this time carriers were discovered by others in the Department among the stock guinea pigs used for other experiments in that cultures of the entire spleen were positive in perhaps 5 to 10 per cent of the guinea pigs so used.
National nutritional planning.
Authors: D Morley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The 'fifties and 'sixties were decades in which developing countries became involved in the construction of large teach ing hospitals. These institutions have tragically misdirected medical effort, and in tackling national nutrition problems have been particularly ineffective. In this and the next de cade the villager must himself become involved if the nutrition problems of the developing world are to be over come. This paper suggests why the large teaching hospital is unsuited to tackle the nutritional problems of developing countries, and offers an alternative approach.
A Framework of Pediatric Hospital Discharge Care Informed by Legislation, Research, and Practice
Authors: Jay G. Berry, Kevin Blaine, Jayne Rogers, Sarah McBride, Edward Schor, Jackie Birmingham, Mark A. Schuster, Chris Feudtner
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

To our knowledge, no widely used pediatric standards for hospital discharge care exist, despite nearly 10 000 pediatric discharges per day in the United States. This lack of standards undermines the quality of pediatric hospital discharge, hinders quality-improvement efforts, and adversely affects the health and well-being of children and their families after they leave the hospital. In this article, we first review guidance regarding the discharge process for adult patients, including federal law within the Social Security Act that outlines standards for hospital discharge; a variety of toolkits that aim to improve discharge care; and the research evidence that supports the discharge process. We then outline a framework within which to organize the diverse activities that constitute discharge care to be executed throughout the hospitalization of a child from admission to the actual discharge. In the framework, we describe processes to (1) initiate pediatric discharge care, (2) develop discharge care plans, (3) monitor discharge progress, and (4) finalize discharge. We contextualize these processes with a clinical case of a child undergoing hospital discharge. Use of this narrative review will help pediatric health care professionals (eg, nurses, social workers, and physicians) move forward to better understand what works and what does not during hospital discharge for children, while steadily improving their quality of care and health outcomes.
Characterization of the platelet membrane glycoprotein abnormalities in Bernard-Soulier syndrome and comparison with normal by surface-labeling techniques and high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Authors: K J Clemetson, J L McGregor, E James, M Dechavanne, E F Lüscher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The platelets from three patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome have been analyzed by surface-labeling coupled with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with normals. As well as the previously described absence or deficiency in glycoprotein (GP) Ib(alpha) it could be shown that GP Ib beta and an additional low molecular weight glycoprotein GP17 were not detectable using carbohydrate-labeling methods or deficient to the same extent as the GPIb alpha subunit. In addition, the thrombin cleavable glycoprotein could not be detected using carbohydrate-labeling methods in two patients and was deficient in a third. This finding was confirmed in a fourth patient by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Thus, the changes in the membrane of Bernard-Soulier platelets are more complex than previously thought.
Alteration of left ventricular endocardial function by intracavitary high-power ultrasound interacts with volume, inotropic state, and alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation.
Authors: S G De Hert, T C Gillebert, D L Brutsaert
Journal: Circulation (1993)

High-power intracavitary ultrasound abbreviates left ventricular (LV) ejection duration, thereby decreasing mechanical LV performance, presumably by selective impairment of endocardial endothelial function.Effects of ultrasound were evaluated in the ejecting LV of anesthetized, open-chest dogs under different conditions of LV volume and contractile state and after mild selective alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation. LV pressures, left atrial pressures, and regional segment lengths were measured in anterior and posterior midwall. A cylindrical ultrasound probe (0.9 MHz, 25 W) mounted on a catheter was inserted into the LV cavity through the apex and was activated for 4 minutes in each condition. In protocol A (n = 7), LV volume was altered with caval vein occlusion and intravenous dextran infusion. The ultrasound probe was activated at low (4.1 +/- 0.9 mm Hg), mid (10.6 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), and high (17.9 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP). Effects of ultrasound were less pronounced at higher EDP. For example, the time interval from end-diastole to peak (-)dP/dt decreased by 7.5 +/- 2.3% at low, 4.4 +/- 2.2% at mid, and 1.9 +/- 1.6% at high LVEDP (p < 0.001). In protocol B (n = 7), LV inotropic state was altered by slow intravenous infusion of low-dose calcium. The ultrasound probe was activated before and after calcium. Effects of ultrasound were less pronounced after calcium. Time from end-diastole to peak (-)dP/dt decreased by 8.4 +/- 3.1% at baseline and by 3.5 +/- 2.1% after calcium (p < 0.001). In protocol C (n = 7), activation of the ultrasound probe was performed at baseline and after mild selective alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation (propranolol plus phenylephrine). Effects of ultrasound were similar at baseline and after propranolol but increased after phenylephrine. Time from end-diastole to peak (-)dP/dt decreased by 5.2 +/- 2.4% at baseline, by 5.3 +/- 1.9% after propranolol, and by 8.9 +/- 3.2% after phenylephrine (p < 0.05).Effects of intracavitary ultrasound, which are presumably mediated through modulation of endocardial endothelial function, were more important at low volume, lower calcium, and under mild selective alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation.
794 PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DYSPLASTIC NODULES IN CIRRHOSIS: CORRELATION WITH CT VASCULAR PATTERN, HISTOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M. Iavarone, A. Sangiovanni, G. Ronchi, L.V. Forzenigo, A. Aghemo, P. Lampertico, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Dynamin 2 the rescue for centronuclear myopathy
Authors: Alexis R. Demonbreun, Elizabeth M. McNally
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Centronuclear myopathy is a lethal muscle disease. The most severe form of the disease, X-linked centronuclear myopathy, is due to mutations in the gene encoding myotubularin (MTM1), while mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) and amphiphysin 2/BIN1 (AMPH2) cause milder forms of myopathy. MTM1 is a lipid phosphatase, and mutations that disrupt this activity cause severe muscle wasting. In this issue of the JCI, Cowling and colleagues report on their finding of increased DNM2 levels in human and mouse muscle with MTM1 mutations. Partial reduction of Dnm2 in mice harboring Mtm1 mutations remarkably rescued muscle wasting and lethality, and this effect was muscle specific. DNM2 regulates membrane trafficking through vesicular scission, and it is presumed that reducing this activity accounts for improved outcome in X-linked centronuclear myopathy.
Unexplained Chest Pain in Patients with Normal Coronary Arteriograms
Authors: Ira S. Ockene, Marilyn J. Shay, Joseph S. Alpert, Bonnie H. Weiner, James E. Dalen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Approximately 10 per cent of patients referred for coronary arteriography because of chest pain have angiographically normal coronary arteries and no other heart disease. We examined the functional status of 57 patients who had undergone catheterization (23 men and 34 women), all of whom were told that their hearts were normal, that their pain was noncardiac, and that no limitation on activity was necessary. At a mean follow-up time of 16±7.7 months, 27 of the 57 patients (47 per cent) still described their activity as limited by chest pain (before catheterization, 42 of 57 or 74 per cent); 29 of 57 (51 per cent) were unable to work (before catheterization, 36 of 57 or 63 per cent); and 25 of 57 (44 per cent) still believed that they had heart disease (before catheterization, 45 of 57 or 79 per cent). Use of medical facilities was significantly reduced after catheterization (P<0.001). At follow-up the physician was more likely than the patient to believe that the symptoms had improved. We conclude that many of these patients remain limited in activity and may benefit from further efforts at communication and rehabilitation. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:1249–52.)
Meningoencephalitis Following an Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Gary A. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

POSTVACCINAL encephalomyelitis, which is a recognized complication of several vaccines, including smallpox, rabies and typhoid, has been reported only twice as a result of influenza vaccination.1 , 2 The following case report describes a patient in whom meningoencephalitis developed 12 to 14 days after inoculation with a purified influenza vaccine.Case ReportA 29-year-old man was well when, on October 9, 1969, he received a subcutaneous injection containing 0.5 ml of influenza vaccine.† Approximately 2 days later he had influenza-like symptoms with mild generalized myalgias. He was seen by a physician on October 18 because of chills with a temperature of 101°F, . . .
Differences in Success Rates of Noninvasive Ventilation—Reply
Authors: Sean P. Keenan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Predictors of Mortality in Scleroderma Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Uğur Nadir Karakulak, Vedat Hekimsoy, Naresh Maharjan, Ergün Barış Kaya, Levent Kılıç, Ali Akdoğan, Lale Tokgözoğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Study of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in patients with breast cancer undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy; interim results
Authors: Robert Wesolowski, Joseph Markowitz, Bonnie Paul, Sarah Carothers, Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul, William E Carson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC) who achieve complete pathologic response (pCR) to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have better survival than pts without pCR. It is hypothesized that circulating levels of MDSC may be a potential predictive biomarker for NAC. Pts with
The Value of Tc-99m Citrate Scintigraphy in Chronic Osteomyelitis, An Indicator of the Involved Bone
Authors: MELTEM ??A??LAR, A MAZHAR TOKG??ZO??LU, MERAL T. ERCAN, T??LIN ARAS, CO??KUN F. BEKDIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors present a prospective analysis of Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy in 29 patients who were clinically suspected of having chronic osteomyelitis. All of the patients showed increased Tc-99m MDP uptake on bone scintigraphy involving the area of concern. However, Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy clearly identified the patients with osteomyelitis (N = 18) confirmed either by biopsy or clinical follow-up. Eleven patients who were free of osteomyelitis showed only minimal radiotracer uptake on Tc-99m citrate scintigraphy. These patients had other benign musculoskeletal diseases that were diagnosed by other imaging modalities. In addition to visually interpreting the scintigraphic images, a semiquantitative analysis was performed by drawing regions of interest over the areas involved and the normal contralateral side, and patients with osteomyelitis were found to have lesion to nonlesion ratios of greater than 1.70. Because Tc-99m MDP is a nonspecific radiopharmaceutical for the evaluation of bone infection, other imaging agents have been investigated. Tc-99m citrate is a small molecule that makes it suitable to penetrate injured capillaries to the edema fluid known to be present in areas of infection. The authors conclude that Tc-99m citrate is a promising agent for localizing and showing the extent of bone infection that will help the surgeon to determine areas of debridement before surgery.
Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and allopurinol induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Authors: J Aubock, P Fritsch
Journal: BMJ (1985)

6 observations de necrolyse epidermique toxique, complication de traitements par l'allopurinol. La prophylaxie par l'allopurinol n'est pas indiquee dans l'hyperuricemie asymptomatique. Les troubles dus a l'hyperuricemie peuvent etre prevenus par d'autres methodes (regimes et medications non toxiques) alors que l'allopurinol peut provoquer des reactions cutanees plus ou moins serieuses et des syndromes comme: vasculites a complexes immuns, eosinophilie, hepatite, insuffisance renale progressive
Local autism strategy groups should be set up, NICE recommends
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3></h3> The aims of the EULAR Standing Committee on Musculoskeletal Imaging (SCMI) committee are to promote Education and research in imaging modalities as well as improve patient care through the appropriate use of imaging modalities. The committee is composed by delegates coming from member countries of EULAR, a representative of EUMEUNET and several co-opted members with particular interest in imaging both for research and education purposes. This lecture offers an overview of future EULAR projects in musculosketal imaging under the umbrella of the committee. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Naredo Grant/Research support from: UCB and MSD, Consultant for: Abbvie, Roche Farma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, UCB, General Electric Healthcare, and Esaote <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6147
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with increased atopy in girls
Authors: S. Aage, N. Kiraly, K. Da Costa, S. Byberg, M. Bjerregaard‐Andersen, A. B. Fisker, P. Aaby, C. S. Benn
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Background Neonatal vitamin A supplementation ( NVAS ) is currently being considered as policy in countries at risk of deficiency. A previous study suggested that NVAS may be associated with increased atopy. We examined the effect of NVAS on atopy by conducting long‐term follow‐up of a previous randomized controlled trial in Guinea‐Bissau. Methods In 2002–2004, we randomized 4345 normal birthweight neonates to NVAS (50 000 IU retinyl palmitate) or placebo together with their Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. In 2013, we visited the 1692 (39%) children now aged 8–10 years who were still living in the study area, and 1478 (87%) were found at home. Provided consent, a skin prick test was performed, and history of allergic symptoms was recorded. Associations of NVAS and atopy (defined as skin prick test reaction of ≥3 mm) were analysed using binomial regression. Results Of the 1430 children with a valid skin prick test, 228 (16%) were positive (more boys (20%) than girls (12%), P ‐value &lt; 0.0001). NVAS did not increase the overall risk of atopy ( RR 1.10 [95% CI 0.87–1.40]). However, NVAS was associated with significantly increased risk among females ( RR 1.78 [1.17–2.72]) but not among males (0.86 [0.64–1.15], P ‐value for interaction between NVAS and gender = 0.005). Furthermore, NVAS was associated with increased risk of wheezing among females ( RR 1.80 [1.03–3.17], but not among males, P ‐value for interaction = 0.05). Conclusion The study corroborated previous observations; NVAS was associated with increased risk of atopy and wheezing, in this study only among females. Further studies on NVAS and atopy are warranted.
The effect of hypoxemic reperfusion on cerebral protection after a severe global ischemic brain insult
Authors: E.E. Douzinas, I. Andrianakis, M.T. Pitaridis, D.J. Karmpaliotis, E.M. Kypriades, A. Betsou, Y. Gratsias, C. Sotiropoulou, A. Papalois, C. Roussos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)