tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for adult polycystic liver disease
Authors: Kim Swenson, Philip Seu, Milan Kinkhabwala, Melinda Maggard, Paul Martin, John Goss, Ronald Busuttil
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Polycystic liver disease, commonly associated with polycystic kidney disease, can result in massive hepatomegaly and debilitating symptoms. Surgical intervention for symptomatic polycystic liver disease has been associated with significant morbidity and inconsistent long-term palliation; it is more appropriate in patients with a single dominant cyst or cysts which is/are confined to one lobe. At our institution, nine patients have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation for symptomatic hepatic cysts with excellent long-term results and minimal morbidity and mortality. Surgical candidates were selected based on severe limitations in daily activities and on sequelae of hepatic cystic involvement. Other factors considered were the extent and pattern of hepatic cystic disease, the degree of hepatic and renal dysfunction, and prior surgical intervention. Three patients (33%) required combined liver and kidney transplantation because of renal cystic involvement with renal insufficiency. The one-year survival rate was 89% with excellent symptomatic relief and improved quality of life in all the surviving patients. One death occurred in a significantly malnourished 62-year-old female. Complications included one case each of hepatic artery thrombosis requiring retransplantation, biliary leak necessitating biliary reconstruction, and postoperative bleeding requiring re-exploration. The mean hospital stay was 23 days and the mean intraoperative blood transfusion requirement was 18 units. Our experience demonstrates that appropriately selected patients with extensive hepatic involvement with adult polycystic liver disease can have an excellent outcome with transplantation, with morbidity comparable with other surgical options.
153. A Novel Gene Expression System Using Human Artificial Chromosome-HSV-1 Vectors
Authors: Daniela Moralli, Kirsty Simpson, Richard Wade-Martins, Zoia Larin Monaco
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We developed a novel method for delivery of human artificial chromosomes (HAC) into human cells using the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) helper virus free system. This extremely efficient method has allowed gene expressing HACs for the first time to be established in a range of cell types including glioma, kidney and lung-derived cells.
Athlete Drug Testing Receiving More Attention Than Ever Before in History of Competition
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ONE OUTCOME of the Olympic Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, was that drug testing of athletes came under sharper scrutiny. Drug testing has continued to be news in the months since the Games. The International Olympic Committee is taking a second look at some of its approved laboratories. William J. Bennett, PhD, the federal drug coordinator, is meeting with commissioners and player representatives of several professional sports. And, although not related to athletic competition, the Pentagon is expected to begin a pilot program of testing some military personnel for anabolic steroids, making it the first federal government agency to do so (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2784-2785, 2788). <h3>Are Results Reliable?</h3> Questions about drug testing may be inevitable since the almost unvarying defense of every athlete with a positive drug test is that an error was made in the laboratory. The reliability of the drug-testing laboratories obviously is a major concern, not only for
The Value of Radionuclide Studies in Children with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: IVANA ZAGAR, PETER J. ANDERSON, ISKY GORDON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Purpose To describe and analyze the appearances of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) on Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy. Materials and Methods The authors evaluated scintigraphic findings for 13 boys and 9 girls (age range, 2 months to 22.75 years; mean, 7.5 years) with ARPKD. Fourteen children underwent Tc-99m DMSA and 20 underwent Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy according to European guidelines. Kidney outline, internal structure, tracer uptake, and differential function were analyzed on Tc-99m DMSA images, whereas relative liver lobe sizes, hepatocyte tracer uptake, time to peak, and excretion into the biliary tree and gut were evaluated on Tc-99m HIDA scans. Results On Tc-99m DMSA images, loss of kidney outline and internal structure was seen in 75% of the scans, and patchy tracer uptake with focal defects throughout the kidneys, particularly at the poles, was evident in 93%. In 85% of the cases, the Tc-99m DMSA changes did not correlate with the ultrasonographic findings where the kidneys are uniformly affected. Characteristic findings on Tc-99m HIDA scans were enlarged left liver lobe in 80%, a delay in maximal hepatocyte uptake in 68%, delayed tracer excretion into the biliary tree in 32% (with stasis in the prominent intrahepatic biliary ducts in 50% or pooling into the segmentally dilated biliary ducts in 25%), and delayed excretion into the gut in 40% of patients. Conclusions In a child with clinically enlarged kidneys that appear diffusely hyperechoic on ultrasound, the appearances on Tc-99m DMSA imaging strongly support the diagnosis of ARPKD. The Tc-99m HIDA findings, especially of an enlarged left lobe of the liver with bile stasis or dilatation, further support the diagnosis.
Comment: Agreement on Histopathologic Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The variety of terms used to designate a carcinoma of the nasopharynx is sufficiently numerous and diverse to confuse the physician. The basis for agreement on nomenclature is the need for accuracy in identification and statistical reporting. However, rational reasons for action do not result in its clinical usage. Most pathology reports tend to stick to the facts; the pathologist does not force the report into a specific category when certain nuances exist. Thus, different terms and names checker the literature and have resulted in an unsatisfactory state of affairs. A number of efforts are being made to correct this situation. During the past two decades, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology began issuing carefully organized fascicles by organ site; they encompass all varieties of neoplasms. An authority in the field was invited to prepare an atlas in which a nosology was identified; a list of synonyms, numerous photographs of
Interactions of leukocyte integrins with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in the production of inflammatory vascular injury in vivo. The Shwartzman reaction revisited.
Authors: L W Argenbright, R W Barton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have investigated the role of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic vasculitis. Microvascular injury was produced in the skin by intradermal injection of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin followed 20 h later by intravenous zymosan, which activates complement. Hemorrhagic necrosis develops in the "prepared" skin sites which is characterized by microthrombi, neutrophil aggregation, platelet and fibrin deposition, and massive extravasation of erythrocytes. Hemorrhage in these Shwartzman-like lesions was quantitated by 99mTc-labeled autologous erythrocytes. Inhibition of the hemorrhagic response was obtained with mAb reactive with ICAM-1 as well as mAb against the leukocyte CD18 when either was administered intravenously just before intravenous zymosan challenge. This observation suggests that an intravascular event occurring in response to complement activation is required for the development of hemorrhagic vasculitis. We hypothesize that agents which successfully prepare the skin for the Shwartzman response after their intradermal injection do so by promoting increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression on the vascular endothelium. Activation of complement then induces CD11/CD18 expression on circulating leukocytes thus producing an intravascular CD11/CD18-ICAM-1 (leukocyte-endothelium) adhesion event. Inhibition of intravascular leukocyte-leukocyte aggregation with mAb against CD11b (Mac-1) showed partial inhibition of hemorrhage, while mAb against CD11a (LFA-1) showed no inhibitory activity. This type of cytokine-primed, neutrophil-dependent vascular damage may be a model of human vasculitic processes where microvascular damage is produced in the absence of immune-complex deposition.
Coping with Serious Accidental Injury: A One-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Urs Hepp, Hanspeter Moergeli, Stefan Büchi, Lutz Wittmann, Ulrich Schnyder
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was to analyze changes of coping strategies in severely injured accident victims over time and to compare patients with high and low posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom levels with regard to their coping patterns and accident-related cognitions. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 106 consecutive patients with severe accidental injuries admitted to a trauma surgery intensive care unit (ICU) were assessed within 1 month after the trauma and 6 and 12 months later. Assessments included a clinical interview, the Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness, the patients’ accident-related cognitions, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the 90-item revised Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC). Patients who met the criteria for either full or subsyndromal PTSD at least once over the observation period (36 subjects; 34.0%) were assigned to a highly symptomatic group (HSG), the remainder (70 subjects; 66.0%) to a less symptomatic group. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Overall, active problem-focused coping was predominant immediately after the accident and declined over time, with a stronger decrease in the HSG. Patients in the HSG scored higher on the SCL Global Severity Index and lower on the SOC. The patients’ subjective appraisal of accident severity was higher in the HSG, whereas there was no group difference with regard to accident-related variables such as type of accident, injury severity and mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Active problem-focused coping, although utilized most frequently and often regarded as protective, might be an inadequate strategy in face of acute stress following a severe accident. Clinicians should not expect their patients to cope very actively in the acute ICU phase. In the subsequent rehabilitation, active coping seems to be more adaptive.
Texas court dismisses defamation case brought by Andrew Wakefield against The BMJ
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Andrew Wakefield, whose research sparked an international scare over possible links between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine before he was struck off the UK medical register, cannot sue The BMJ for defamation in Texas, a state appeals court has ruled.1

Wakefield, who moved to Texas from London, filed a libel action against the journal, its editor in chief, Fiona Godlee, and the investigative journalist Brian Deer over a series of articles published in 2011. But the Third Court …
Accuracy of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide to guide site of care of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Yann-Erick Claessens, Thierry Mathevon, Gérald Kierzek, Sophie Grabar, David Jegou, Eric Batard, Clarisse Loyer, Alain Davido, Pierre Hausfater, Hélène Robert, Leila Lavagna-Perez, Bruno Bernot, Patrick Plaisance, Christophe Leroy, Bertrand Renaud
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Seasonal variation in incidence of brachial and femoral emboli.
Authors: C V Clark
Journal: BMJ (1983)

cause is external compression due to coma induced by drugs or alcohol.Awareness of this condition is important, as leg weakness in a patient recovering from coma may be misinterpreted as being due to an intracranial lesion.Sciatic neuropathy occurring as an intra- operative pressure palsy or during prolonged immobilisation in bed is less well recognised than pressure palsies of the ulnar and peroneal nerves, but our findings illustrate that the sciatic nerve is also vulnerable in these situations.Six patients developed sciatic neuropathy after hip surgery, particularly hip replacement.In one centre this has been reported as occurring in 05 °, of hip replacement operations.3The nerve may be damaged by the heat of the setting cement, the cement itself, or by retraction.These neuropathies have been said to have a good prog- nosis for recovery, and our findings confirm this.
Hospital Uncompensated Care: Crisis?
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

HOSPITAL UNCOMPENSATED care: how much of a crisis? American hospitals are losing money—not all of them; some are doing well. But many are not. Just how much money they are losing and why has become the basis of an accounting debate, a political controversy, and a potential crisis in access to care. How much care do hospitals provide to those who are uninsured, underinsured, and unable or unwilling to pay? The American Hospital Association (AHA) reports that hospital "unsponsored" care (services for which hospitals are not paid at all, less tax appropriations and subsidies) was $3 billion in 1980 (3.9% of total hospital expenses). In 1987 (the last year for which complete data are available), says AHA Vice President Henry Bachofer, unsponsored care totaled $7.5 billion (4.9% of expenses). Bachofer views the increase with dismay. He asks "if we are reaching the maximum amount of care that can be subsidized
Pyogenic Liver Abscess Presenting as a "Warm" Lesion in Ga-67 Scintigram
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, MARGUERITE PURCELL, FRANK H. DeLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

In the Ga-67 scintigram, most pyogenic liver abscesses appear to be areas of high radiotracer concentration; rarely photon-deficient lesions may also occur. We present a 58-year-old man with sepsis and hepatic abscess, demonstrated by a Tc-99m BIDA study and a computerized tomogram of the body, showing homogenous radiogallium uptake throughout the liver in the Ga-67 images. To avoid missing such a “warm” lesion, it is emphasized that abdominal Ga-67 scintigrams for localization of a focal inflammatory lesion should be done along with Tc-99m sulfur colloid or Tc-99m BIDA scintigraphy.
Abstract 5300: Dopamine prevents malignant tumor induced thymic involution in mice
Authors: Chandrani Sarkar, Debanjan Chakroborty, Hongmei Yu, Partha Sarathi Dasgupta, Sujit Basu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract T cell functions are significantly impaired during tumorigenesis and the thymus being the major site of T cell maturation is severely affected by tumor development. Also, a high incidence of premature thymic involution is seen especially in childhood cancer, which often rebounds after curative treatment. Most importantly, this thymic involution may be one of the important causes for T cell defects in cancer. Recently, it has been reported that high concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) produced during cancer may induce thymic involution. We here show for the first time that dopamine treatment prevents thymic involution in mice bearing murine T cell lymphoma and dopamine in turn acts by inhibiting the actions of VEGF-A on bone marrow derived T progenitor cells. This finding is important as it suggests a new adjuvant therapy for the treatment of childhood cancer in which high incidence of thymic involution has been reported. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5300.
Reply to P.A. Leppäluoto
Authors: Anil K. Chaturvedi, Ruth A. Kleinerman, Allan Hildesheim, Ethel S. Gilbert, Hans Storm, Charles F. Lynch, Per Hall, Froydis Langmark, Eero Pukkala, Magnus Kaijser, Michael Andersson, Sophie D. Fossa, Heikki Joensuu, Lois B. Travis, Eric A. Engels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)
Hemangiomas in Infancy
Authors: E. J. Keeffe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have noted a paradox in the July 27th issue ofThe Journal,<i>regarding</i>hemangiomas in infancy. On page 33 the surgical management is supported, while on page 246 an opposite opinion is expressed and discusses the advantage of the conservative management. I support the consensus of a number of radiologists that most hemangiomas should be managed conservatively and that 90% of them will undergo complete regression without any definitive therapy. A letter on this same subject and concurring with the conservative type of treatment was received from Dr. Arthur Bobroff, Seattle, Wash.
Massive Acute Hemodilution for Incompatible Blood Reaction
Authors: O. A. Seager
Journal: JAMA (1974)

During emergency treatment for hemorrhagic shock, an acutely injured 15-year-old girl received 3,000 ml of ABO-incompatible blood. Hemolysis, abnormal clotting studies, renal shutdown, and severe hypotension developed rapidly. After being treated with extreme hemodilution, hypothermia, and exchange transfusion, she left the hospital asymptomatic 14 days after admission. To our knowledge, this is the first patient to have survived an acute transfusion reaction following a 3,000-ml transfusion of ABO-incompatible blood. (<i>JAMA</i>229:790-792, 1974)
De Mulierum Organis Generationi Inservientibus, 1672
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A delight for scholars and for those interested in the history of anatomy, medicine, gynecology, or science, this new facsimile edition of a great classic will be warmly welcomed. Reinier de Graaf, who lived from 1641 to 1673, has given his name to the graafian follicle. But more important, he was one of the first great modern investigators of the female organs of generation. De Graaf studied medicine in Leuven, Utrecht, and Leiden. In 1664 he wrote his first treatise, on the pancreatic juice, representing work done as a student, when he succeeded in establishing pancreatic fistulas and keeping the dogs alive. The<i>De Mulierum Organis</i>he published in 1672. This book, in the original edition, is extremely rare and, when available at all in the antiquarian book market, commands a prohibitive price. The new facsimile edition, beautifully reproduced, is published in a limited edition of only 500 copies. In
Abstract 3780: Impact of Subclinical Atherosclerosis on Coronary Heart Disease Events in Persons with Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shaista Malik, Matthew J Budoff, Ronit Katz, Roger A Blumenthal, Alain Bertoni, Khurram Nasir, Moyses Szklo, R G Barr, Nathan Wong
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Persons with versus without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes (DM) are more likely to have subclinical atherosclerosis. We examined whether screening for atherosclerosis in these g...
Systemic Antibiotics and Acne
Authors: Dan K. Chalker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Initially, antibiotics were used in the treatment of acne in the belief that the pustular component represented a secondary bacterial infection. Penicillin and suflonamides were among the first antibacterial agents to be tried, but were found to be ineffective.<sup>1</sup>Tetracycline was introduced by Andrews et al<sup>2</sup>in 1951 and has gained widespread acceptance among dermatologists as an effective mode of therapy.<sup>3-5</sup>In this month's issue of<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>(p 1630), Akers et al report that 10% of the tetracyclines and 2% of the erythromycines produced in this country are used by dermatologists to treat acne. This form of therapy was questioned, however, in a QUESTION AND ANSWER series inThe Journalin 1974.<sup>6</sup>Responses ranged from "there is as yet no proof that these drugs [tetracyclines] have a beneficial effect" to their use represents "an accepted modality of therapy in<i>indicated</i>cases." As Akers et
Platelet-derived growth factor isoforms decrease insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and selectively stimulate the biosynthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4.
Authors: D Giannella-Neto, A Kamyar, B Sharifi, C J Pirola, J Kupfer, R G Rosenfeld, J S Forrester, J A Fagin
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is believed to be a critical mediator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Because insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I (IGF-I) functions as a progression factor for the mitogenic effects of PDGF, we hypothesized that IGF-I gene expression and the production of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) by cultured rat aortic SMCs might be regulated by one or more of the three isoforms of PDGF: PDGF-AA, -BB, and -AB. IGF-I gene expression was highly dependent on cell density: IGF-I mRNA transcripts decreased markedly as a function of cell confluence. IGF-I mRNA content was inhibited to a similar degree by PDGF-AA, -BB, and -AB through a mechanism requiring protein synthesis. The inhibition was readily apparent at 4 hours, reaching approximately 25% of control levels after 24 hours. Radioimmunoassayable IGF-I was only barely detectable in SMC-conditioned serum-free medium and not significantly modulated by PDGF. Western ligand blot revealed that vascular SMCs release 30-kd and 24-kd IGFBP into serum-free conditioned medium. PDGF isoforms did not significantly alter release of the 30-kd IGFBP but evoked a fivefold to sixfold increase in the 24-kd IGFBP. The 24-kd IGFBP was found to comigrate with IGFBP-4, a recently identified binding protein that inhibits IGF action. The 30-kd protein was not merely a glycosylated form of IGFBP-4, because it was not sensitive to N-glycanase digestion. PDGF-AA, -BB, and -AB markedly induced expression of IGFBP-4 mRNA in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Vascular SMCs also express IGFBP-2 mRNA, but its abundance was not induced by PDGF. In conclusion, PDGF evokes a complex pattern of regulation of genes in the IGF/IGFBP system. By inhibiting IGF-I production and specifically inducing biosynthesis of the inhibitory binding protein IGFBP-4, PDGF may set in motion mechanisms to limit the final magnitude of the mitogenic response.
STEPS TOWARD THE ISOLATION OF A SERUM FACTOR IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: CHARLES FROHMAN, ELLIOT D. LUBY, GARFIELD TOURNEY, PETER G. S. BECKETT, JACQUES S. GOTTLIEB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. The steps in the separation of a factor in the serum of schizophrenic patients have been described. 2. This factor has a significant effect on metabolism as measured by lactate/pyruvate ratios in the chicken erythrocyte and the stimulation of energy production by forcing glucose through the Emden-Meyerhof scheme, rather than the hexosemonophosphate shunt. 3. This factor is readily affected by pH and temperature, remaining relatively stable between pH 6 and 9 at 4° C. It is probable that this is an alpha globulin or a prosthetic group attached to an alpha globulin. 4. The significance of this factor for the schizophrenic illness has not yet been clarified. This may be a substance normally present in the serum of all individuals, but quantitatively elevated in the schizophrenic because of excessive production or its failure to be metabolized or detoxified. On the other hand, this may be a qualitatively abnormal substance characteristic of schizophrenia. 5. The possible relationship of this factor to other reported toxic factors in schizophrenia has been discussed. 6. Further biochemical studies are in progress to identify the subject, as well as behavioral studies to ascertain its relationship to the production of disturbances in overt behavior.