tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in respiratory mechanics in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
Authors: C J Lanteri, S Kano, A W Duncan, P D Sly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Congenital heart malformations are often associated with altered pulmonary hemodynamics. Lesions associated with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) or increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) may in turn alter respiratory mechanics. Surgical correction of these cardiac defects frequently involves the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), during which the lung may be partially or completely atelectatic for lengthy periods, further compromising lung mechanics. The aims of this study were to document the effect of PBF on respiratory mechanics in children and to determine whether the detrimental effects of CPB were outweighed by the potentially positive effects of the corrective surgery. Twenty-three children (2-120 mo) undergoing surgery were studied while anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. Pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio was used as an index of PBF. Seventeen children had lesions associated with increased PBF (group 1), while six had decreased or normal PBF (group 2). Respiratory mechanics were measured just before the commencement of CPB and within approximately 2 h after the cessation of CPB, with the chest closed. Dynamic elastance (Ers,dyn) and resistance (RRS) were calculated from flow, volume (V), and pressure (Pao) measurements, using multiple linear regression with a volume-dependent single compartment model. Static elastance (ERS,st) was calculated from Pao and V measurements obtained when deflating the lung in steps from a maximal Pao of 30 cm H2O. ERS,dyn, ERS,st, and RRS increased significantly with increasing PBF to 220-330% predicted. There was no correlation between MPAP and respiratory mechanics. After CPB, ERS, dyn and RRS fell to normal levels in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intracoronary gamma radiation for elderly patients
Authors: Mark A. Grise, Antonio P. Madrid, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Peter J. Casterella, Anca Tchelibi, Cristian Cioar, Huan Giap, Shirish Jani, Steven Balter, John P. Reilly, Prabhakar Tripuraneni, Alexandra Lansky, Manuela Neogita, Roxanna Mehran, Paul S. Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 1253: Combination of chloroquine to inhibitors of the HER family receptors leads to synergistic growth inhibition of breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Apurva N. Shah, Yi-He Ling, Roman Perez-Soler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Autophagy is emerging as a new mechanism of cellular escape from different forms of cellular stress including the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. There is preclinical evidence that this mechanism may explain tumor resistance to chemotherapy as well as to biologic agents. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combination of inhibitors of autophagy and inhibitors of the HER family of receptors in breast cancer cell lines. Chloroquine (CQ) is a 4-aminoquinolone with antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anti-autophagy activity. It raises the intra-lysosomal pH thereby impairing protein degradation and causing accumulation of autophagosomes. Erlotinib (E) is an inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase and trastuzumab (T) is a monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor. We used the SK-BR-3 cell line (high ErbB1 and ErbB2 expression), and the MCF-7 cell line (low ErbB1 and ErbB2 expression) and studied the effect of T alone, E alone, and in combination with CQ on cell growth inhibition using the MTT assay. Our results indicate that combinations of CQ and T or E for 7 days cause synergistic cell growth inhibition in SK-BR-3 cells (combination index 0.17-0.31) but have no effect on cell growth inhibition in MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that in SK-BR-3 cells exposure to T or E induces G1-phase accumulation and S-phase blockade. However, combinations of T or E with CQ did not further inhibit cell cycle progression. Analysis of apoptosis using the TUNEL reaction assay or by FACS analysis indicated that the combined treatment increases apoptotic cell death associated with increased caspase-3 activity as compared with the treatment with T or E alone, suggesting that activation of apoptotic signal pathways may be involved in the synergistic effect. Finally, we determined the effect of the combination of CQ and T or E on receptor activation as well as downstream signaling and found that combined treatment enhanced the inhibition of ErbB2 as well as Akt phosphorylation, but had no effect on Erk activation as compared with T or E alone in SK-BR-3 cells. Conclusion: The combination of CQ with T or E in breast cancer cell lines with high ErbB1 and ErbB2 expression results in synergistic growth inhibition, enhanced apoptosis, and increased inhibition of ErbB signaling via the PI-3K/AKT pathway. This enhanced cytotoxic activity and its potential clinical utility should be explored further. This work was supported in part by NIH grant CA84119 and CA96515. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1253.
Epinephrine for Anaphylactic Shock
Authors: Michael J. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We certainly agree with Barach et al<sup>1</sup>that there should be definite recommendations for epinephrine therapy in anaphylaxis. However, we are afraid that some readers may perceive their article as recommending that epinephrine be the sole therapy for anaphylactic reactions. We write to attempt to avoid such a misperception. The authors describe a case of probable anaphylaxis manifested by dyspnea, urticaria, pruritus, and moderate hypotension (90/60 mm Hg) without bronchospasm. Their patient was unresponsive to 0.3 mg of subcutaneous epinephrine. No mention was made of fluid therapy. Ten minutes later, 0.5 mg of epinephrine was given intravenously (IV) over three minutes. This was followed by marked hypertension, tachycardia, chest pain, and ECG changes. Anaphylaxis can vary in severity from mild urticaria and flushing to severe, prolonged cardiovascular collapse and even death. Prominent in the life-threatening manifestations of anaphylaxis is vasodilation with increased capillary permeability and loss
Acquired Primary Hypoaldosteronism Due to an Isolated Zona Glomerulosa Defect
Authors: Fred A. Williams, Morris Schambelan, Edward G. Biglieri, Robert M. Carey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

ALDOSTERONE deficiency is a well-described phenomenon, occurring most commonly in states of primary adrenocortical insufficiency, in which autoimmune processes, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, and other destructive diseases result in deficiencies of both cortisol and aldosterone.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Aldosterone deficiency due to congenital biochemical defects involving enzymes participating in its biosynthesis has been well documented.8 9 10 Isolated hypoaldosteronism, not associated with cortisol deficiency, occurring in adults has also been described.11 12 13 14 In the adult population, this entity has been observed most commonly in association with moderate renal insufficiency resulting from diabetic nephropathy, but it is also observed in nondiabetics with interstitial nephritis.15 , 16 Acquired, isolated hypoaldosteronism in these . . .
Transplantation of engineered heart tissue as a biological cardiac assist device for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sergey Leontyev, Franziska Schlegel, Cathleen Spath, Ronny Schmiedel, Martin Nichtitz, Andreas Boldt, Rudolf Rübsamen, Aida Salameh, Martin Kostelka, Friedrich‐Wilhelm Mohr, Stefan Dhein
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Structure of Medical Psychotherapy: Program for Academic Formation
Authors: Manuel Ruiz Ruiz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Starting from a general definition of psychoanalysis and with the aim of deepening our knowledge of the relationship between theory and practice, a scientific structure of psychotherapy is developed. The necessity of a training for doctors specialized in the field of psychotherapy has led us to design a training program consisting of three academic courses. This program, established by the Academy of Analytical Psychotherapy in a University Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, introduces a new speciality in our country. In these three academic courses the theoretical aspects are covered (in a series of courses, seminars and lectures) as well as practical aspects (dealt with in sessions of individual and group psychoanalyses) and methods of evaluation at both individual and group levels. The model stated above can be considered the basis of a training program for doctors specializing in analytical psychotherapy.
<i>RET/PTC</i> Rearrangements Preferentially Occurred in Papillary Thyroid Cancer among Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed to High Radiation Dose
Authors: Kiyohiro Hamatani, Hidetaka Eguchi, Reiko Ito, Mayumi Mukai, Keiko Takahashi, Masataka Taga, Kazue Imai, John Cologne, Midori Soda, Koji Arihiro, Megumu Fujihara, Kuniko Abe, Tomayoshi Hayashi, Masahiro Nakashima, Ichiro Sekine, Wataru Yasui, Yuzo Hayashi, Kei Nakachi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract A major early event in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis is constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway caused by alterations of a single gene, typically rearrangements of the RET and NTRK1 genes or point mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes. In childhood papillary thyroid cancer, regardless of history of radiation exposure, RET/PTC rearrangements are a major event. Conversely, in adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer among the general population, the most common molecular event is BRAFV600E point mutation, not RET/PTC rearrangements. To clarify which gene alteration, chromosome aberration, or point mutation preferentially occurs in radiation-associated adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer, we have performed molecular analyses on RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAFV600E mutation in 71 papillary thyroid cancer cases among atomic bomb survivors (including 21 cases not exposed to atomic bomb radiation), in relation to radiation dose as well as time elapsed since atomic bomb radiation exposure. RET/PTC rearrangements showed significantly increased frequency with increased radiation dose (Ptrend = 0.002). In contrast, BRAFV600E mutation was less frequent in cases exposed to higher radiation dose (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.001). Papillary thyroid cancer subjects harboring RET/PTC rearrangements developed this cancer earlier than did cases with BRAFV600E mutation (P = 0.03). These findings were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. These results suggest that RET/PTC rearrangements play an important role in radiation-associated thyroid carcinogenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7176–82]
Atrial tachycardia without P waves masquerading as an A-V junctional tachycardia.
Authors: D P Zipes, W E Gaum, B C Genetos, R D Glassman, J Noble, C Fisch
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Two patients who presented by scalar ECG with an A-V junctional tachycardia were demonstrated during an electrophysiologic evaluation to have an atrial tachycardia without P waves in the surface ECG. Case 1 had an atrial tachycardia that conducted through the A-V node with a Wenckebach block. Atrial activity was recorded only from the proximal portion of the coronary sinus and from right atrial areas near the tricuspid valve. Case 2 had an atrial tachycardia that abruptly began and terminated following carotid sinus massage. Atrial activity was recorded only in the coronary sinusos, and pacing at that site resulted in atrial capture, with Wenckebach conduction to the ventricles. These observations demonstrate that an atrial tachycardia without P waves can simulate A-V junctional tachycardia with or without Weckebach block. Such findings may have a bearing on some important electrophysiologic concepts such as the origin of A-V junctional rhythms and the need for atrial participation in A-V nodal re-entry.
INTRACORONARY NICORANDIL CAN IMPROVE MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ITS SUPERIORITY TO INTRACORONARY NITROGLYCERIN
Authors: Noritoshi Ito, Shinsuke Nanto, Yasuji Doi, Hirotaka Sawano, Daisaku Masuda, Shizuya Yamashita, Mai Hatano, Daisuke Tonomura, Yuma Kurozumi, Tomoaki Natsukawa, Yusuke Ito, Kazuyuki Oka, Jiro Ooba, Taizo Hasegawa, Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroshi Ichiyanagi, Koji Akashi, Koichi Otsuya, Shoji kaibe, Ken-ichiro Okada, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Tatsuro Kai, Toru Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Community care means extra cost for disabled people
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Nearly a fifth of disabled people in Britain have to turn down help from local authorities because they cannot afford the services, according to a survey on the impact of the government's policy on care in the community. The survey, commissioned by the charity Scope, says that many disabled people now have to pay for services that they previously received free.

The survey was of more than 1500 disabled people and 1300 carers during the summer of 1994. What …
Hypernatremia Complicating Prolonged Mannitol Diuresis
Authors: Gastric Cancer, Robert M. Gipstein, James D. Boyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

INTRAVENOUSLY administered mannitol has been advocated in the treatment of recalcitrant ascites1 , 2 and impending anuria.3 We have recently seen a case of severe hepatic disease with ascites, edema and the renal failure of cirrhosis. The patient received mannitol infusions intravenously on ten of twelve successive days, during which he lost 18.1 kg. (40 pounds) in weight and severe hypernatremia developed. To our knowledge, no similar case has been recorded.Case ReportE.M., a 37-year-old man, was admitted to Wadsworth Hospital because of abdominal swelling, weakness and a long history of heavy ingestion of alcohol. He was icteric and edematous. with . . .
Elimination of hepatocellular carcinoma and acute hepatitis B in children 25 years after a hepatitis B newborn and catch-up immunization program
Authors: Brian J. McMahon, Lisa R. Bulkow, Rosalyn J. Singleton, James Williams, Mary Snowball, Chriss Homan, Alan J. Parkinson
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Alaska Native people experience the highest rates of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. We examined the effect of a universal newborn immunization with hepatitis B vaccine and mass population screening immunization program initiated in 1984 on rates of HBV and HCC in children 25 years later. During this time, the population of Alaska Native people grew from an estimated 75,000 to 130,000 persons. A surveillance system to detect acute HBV infection in Alaska Native facilities was established in 1981. Cases of HCC in children under 20 years of age were identified using a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded Cancer Registry established in 1969 coupled with an active surveillance program of screening persons with chronic HBV semiannually for alpha-fetoprotein since 1982. The incidence of acute symptomatic HBV infection in persons &lt;20 years of age fell from cases 19/100,000 in 1981-1982 to 0/100,000 in 1993-1994. No cases of acute HBV have occurred in children since 1992. The incidence of HCC in persons &lt;20 years decreased from 3/100,000 in 1984-1988 to zero in 1995-1999 and no cases have occurred since 1999. The number of identified hepatitis B surface antigen-positive children &lt;20 years in the Alaska Native population declined from 657 in 1987 to two in 2008. Conclusion: Universal newborn vaccination coupled with mass screening and immunization of susceptible Alaska Natives has eliminated HCC and acute symptomatic HBV infection among Alaska Native children and this approach is the best way to prevent HBV-related disease in children. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Staphylococcal Susceptibility to Penicillin G
Authors: Sydney Ross
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Heretofore, penicillin has been considered adequate therapy for most soft-tissue infections due to<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>occurring outside the hospital. One hundred thirty-three<i>S aureus</i>isolates obtained from children seen in the outpatient department and private practice were tested for resistance to penicillin G. The overall resistance to penicillin G by the Kirby-Bauer method was 84% for community strains compared to 95% for hospital strains. A survey of 309 healthy school children under 10 years of age showed that 47% harbored<i>S aureus</i>in their nares, of which approximately 68% were resistant to penicillin G. These findings suggest a trend of increasing penicillin G resistance of community (street) strains of<i>S aureus</i>similar to that already observed among hospital strains. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1075-1077, 1974)
Induction and Maintenance Therapy With Infliximab for Children With Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jeffrey Hyams, Lakshmi Damaraju, Marion Blank, Jewel Johanns, Cynthia Guzzo, Harland S. Winter, Subra Kugathasan, Stanley Cohen, James Markowitz, Johanna C. Escher, Gigi Veereman–Wauters, Wallace Crandall, Robert Baldassano, Anne Griffiths
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Lung injury following a 50-metre fall into water.
Authors: H T Robertson, S Lakshminarayan, L D Hudson
Journal: Thorax (1978)

The pulmonary complications of a 50-metre fall to the water (a form of suicide attempt producing 87% mortality) were studied in 15 survivors. Presenting findings included crackles, haemoptysis, and hypotension. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was greater than 150 mmHg (20 kPa) in nine subjects on admission. Ventilatory failure developed in 10 of the patients, including all of those with massive haemoptysis. Radiographic findings included pneumothorax and diffuse pulmonary opacities adjacent to the area of impact. Pneumothorax developed within 12 hours of admission in 10 of 15 subjects but was associated with rib fractures in only four subjects. The clinical course of the condition is consistent with the hypothesis that the traumatic pulmonary tears produced interstitial emphysema, with subsequent development of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a common complication of severe lung contusion even in the absence of penetrating pleural injury.
Intensive attention improves glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes without further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring: results of a controlled trial.
Authors: R Worth, P D Home, D G Johnston, J Anderson, L Ashworth, J M Burrin, D Appleton, C Binder, K G Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Forty-six diabetics treated with twice-daily insulin were seen every two weeks for six months in an intensive education programme aided by regular home urine glucose testing. Control was improved with a decrease in 24-hour urinary glucose excretion (median 138 mmol/24 h (24.8 g/24 h) falling to 70 mmol/24 h (12.6 g/24 h); p less than 0.002), glycosylated haemoglobin concentration (mean 11.4 +/- SD 2.3% falling to 10.4 +/- 1.5%; p less than 0.001), and Diastix score (median 3.0 falling to 1.3; p less than 0.001). There was no reported increase in hypoglycaemia. Thirty-eight of the diabetics proceeded to a nine-month randomised cross-over study of the effect on blood glucose control of monitoring urinary glucose or blood glucose measured visually or by a reflectance meter using appropriate reagent strips. No further improvement in control was observed after home blood glucose monitoring. Nevertheless, 29 out of 37 patients preferred blood to urine glucose monitoring. During both the education and cross-over studies there was evidence of an initial improvement in control followed by deterioration. This was independent of the monitoring method used in the cross-over period and may have been due to waning enthusiasm. Despite patient enthusiasm and other reports to the contrary, home blood glucose monitoring offered no improvement in control over intensive attention and conventional urine glucose monitoring.
Neuroblastoma in Father and Son
Authors: Edward B. Arenson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A growing literature supports the concept that some cases of neuroblastoma are hereditary. To this we add the first known case, to our knowledge, of neuroblastoma in a parent and child. Various factors, such as the remarkable tendency for this tumor to regress spontaneously, as well as its frequent fatal outcome, have reduced the number of observed familial cases. It is important that siblings and progeny of patients with neuroblastoma be examined to detect possible subclinical neuroblastoma. (<i>JAMA</i>235:727-729, 1976)
The Value of Quinidine in the Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmias after Pulmonary Resection
Authors: R. L. Hurt, M. Bates
Journal: Thorax (1958)

(RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATIONNOVEMBER 3,1957) A considerable numberofpatients overtheage of45years whoundergo alungresection operationdevelop cardiac arrhythmias during thepostoperative period. Thesearrhythmias may be multiple extrasystoles, atrial fibrillation, oratrial flutter. Multiple extrasystoles donotinthemselves influence thecardiac function toanyvery great extent, buttheyareoften theprecursor of themoreserious irregularities ofatrial flutter and fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation maypresent itself clinically in oneoftwoways.Itmaycauseshockwitha severe tachycardia andalarge pulse deficit, orit maycause noalteration inthegeneral condition ofthepatient andbenoticed onroutine examination.Whenatrial fibrillation isassociated with shockitleads toa deterioration inthegeneral condition ofthepatient andinability toexpectoratebronchial secretions adequately. Thisstate persists until thefibrillation hasbeencontrolled bydigitalis, whichmaytakeaslongas48hours. Although itisrareforatrial fibrillation tocause deathfollowing pulmonary resection, itdoes retard apatient's progress anditisdesirable to prevent itsoccurrence ifpossible. Inthecases reported here, nodeathwasdirectly attributable toatrial fibrillation, butonepatient, whosubsequently diedfromalarge pulmonary embolus, haddeveloped acuteatrial fibrillation twodays after operation, anditispossible thatthecalf venousthrombosis haddeveloped asa direct result oftheperipheral bloodstasis during the interval between theonset ofatrial fibrillation and itscontrol bydigoxin. Thevalueofquinidine inpreventing atrial fibrillation post-operatively hasbeenstudied in thisinvestigation. Quinidine was chosenin preference todigitalis because quinidine ismainly depressant initsaction whereasdigitalis isa *Presented totheSociety ofThoracic Surgeons ofGreat Britain and Ireland atameeting inNovember, 1956. cardiac irritant, andbecause thereissomeevidencethatdigitalis maycausea decrease inthe coagulation timeofthebloodandthusbeafactor intheoccurrence ofpost-operative venous thrombosis (deTakats, Trump,andGilbert, 1944).