tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P088: Perceptions of Alcohol as Heart Healthy: The Health eHeart Study
Authors: Isaac R Whitman, Mark J Pletcher, Eric Vittinghoff, Kourtney E Imburgia, Carol Maguire, Laura Betterncourt, Todd Parsnick, Tuhin Sinha, Geoffrey H Tison, Jeffrey E Olgin, Gregory M Marcus
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Moderate consumption of alcohol may provide protection against myocardial infarction and mortality, but also likely increases blood pressure and incidence of atrial fibrillation. Despite the absence of rigorous controlled trials on the actual cardiovascular benefits of alcohol, the lay press frequently portrays alcohol as “heart healthy” (HH). No study to date has described individuals’ perceptions regarding the health effects of alcohol, how they gained this perception, nor how that perception may influence behavior. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained between March 8, 2013 to September 29, 2014 from consecutive participants enrolled in the Health eHeart Study, a prospective, internet-based cohort study. The characteristics of participants that reported alcohol as HH were determined. Results: A total of 5,417 participants answered questions regarding their perception of alcohol. Thirty percent (n=1,707) viewed alcohol as HH, 39% (n=2,157) viewed it as bad for the heart, and 31% (n=1,718) were unsure. Of those reporting alcohol as HH, 78% cited lay press as a source of their knowledge, 14% cited their doctor, and 92% reported that red wine exclusively was HH. In adjusted analyses, older age, higher education, higher income, and United States residence were associated with a perception of alcohol as HH (Figure). Those with a history of heart failure (HF) were significantly less likely to cite alcohol as HH. Compared to those who did not report alcohol as HH, those who perceived alcohol as HH consumed more alcohol (median 5 drinks per week, IQR 2-8 vs. median 3 drinks, IQR 1-7, p=0.001; adjusted: 10% more alcohol per week, 95% CI 1-20% more, p=0.02). Conclusions: Among more than 5,000 consecutive Health eHeart participants, approximately one third believe alcohol is HH and one third believes it is not. Those who believe alcohol is HH were of higher socioeconomic status, more likely to be American, less likely to have HF, and reported drinking more alcohol.
Abstract 15527: Histone Deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation: Role in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Tapan K Chatterjee, Gila Idelman, Andra L Blomkalns, Victor Blanco, Daniel S Weintraub, Mark G Piegore, Srinivas Rajsheker, Santosh Kumar, David Manka, Yaoliang Tang, Bonnie S Neltner, Steven M Rudich, David Y Hui, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N Olson, Neal L Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Failure of adipocytes to efficiently differentiate and store energy in obesity is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and increased cardiovasc...
Fulminating Meningococcal Septicaemia
Authors: P. Turner, R. V. Dent
Journal: BMJ (1949)

BRJEIBEJand facilitate the removal of any scabs or scales that may be present.The occurrence of secondary infection is treated on general principles, but these cases were few in this series, which indicates the high standard of the school medical organization in detecting cases at an early stage.With the factors given above, epilation has always been on the whole satisfactory.Occasionally small tufts of hair have remained in the centre of a well-epilated area or towards the periphery of the scalp.In most cases the hairs are loose and can be easily removed by a pair of forceps.Sometimes, however, these tufts resist extraction, but since infection of these hairs is not present, as shown from the following results, recontamination of the growing hair never follows and they can be ignored.No complications result from therapy except occasional headache and vomiting on the night of treatment, and there were no cases of alopecia, local or general. Review of CasesTo check the results of treatment carried out on the lines described above, follow-up cards were sent to 103 patients whose epilation dated from eight months and over requesting them to attend the x-ray department for review.These 103 cases comprised: 71 with a laboratory diagnosis of Microsporon audouini, 27 with a laboratory diagnosis of ringworm fungus, and 5 diagnosed on clinical grounds and by Wood's light.Forty-eight of these patients responded in person and were examined by us clinically and by Wood's light.They all proved to be free from infection and their hair and scalp were in excellent condition.Of the remaining 55 patients, 13 had left London and could not be contacted, and 42 were examined at their schools by the courtesy of the medi- cal officer of the S.E. and S.W. divisions, who kindly for- warded reports on the condition of these patients.All without exception were completely well and their hair and scalp were described as being in a healthy state.From these figures it can be stated that out of 103 patients with ringworm of the scalp who received no treatment other than x-ray epilation 90 (87.37%) showed no signs of relapse after an interval of time ranging from eight to twenty-four months.These 90 were made up as follows: 68 cases of M. audouini infection, 19 of ringworm fungus, and 3 diagnosed clinically and by Wood's light.It should be added that as no complaints have been received concern- ing the other 13 cases it can be assumed on fairly certain grounds that they too have remained free from relapse.This being so, the total percentage of cures may have reached 100.
A gene expression signature suggests molecular alterations preceding prostate tumor manifestation
Authors: Holger Sultmann, Thorsten Schlomm, Olaf Hellwinkel, Markus Ruschhaupt, Andreas Bune, Andreas Erbersdobler, Andreas Lubke, Hartwig Huland, Annemarie Poustka
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

4435 

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most frequent tumor type in males and a major cause of death due to malignancy. Although the diagnosis of prostate cancer using serum based PSA assays has improved during the past decades, surprisingly little is currently known about early alterations in prostate cancer development. It is highly likely, that currently detectable morphological features of non-invasive neoplasia are preceded by specific molecular processes and that the volume of molecularly altered areas is substantially larger than the histologically manifest cancer or even the PIN area therein. The identification of such molecular changes could lead to novel strategies in the clinical management of cancer.    We performed large-scale gene expression analysis on tissue samples, followed by real-time PCR validation on 114 prostate biopsy samples. We identified six genes, which displayed significant differential expression between morphologically normal prostate biopsy tissues from three groups of individuals differing by their risks of having prostate cancer. These results were independent of age, PSA (prostate specific antigen), frequency and timing of previous prostate biopsies, tissue composition (gland vs. stroma) and tumor stage or grade. In univariate logistic regression analyses the transcription levels of these genes were found to be highly discriminative markers to estimate the presence of prostate cancer based on the analysis of histologically tumor-free prostate biopsies.    Our results suggest a measurable molecular cancer phenotype in histologically normal prostate tissue indicating the presence of prostate cancer elsewhere in the organ.
Abstract 3608: High Mobility Group A1 Protein - A New Regulator for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Transcriptional Repression in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Mandy Bloch, Anna Foryst-Ludwig, Thomas Unger, Ulrich Kintscher
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The study aimed to identify new nuclear cofactors for PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma)-dependent gene transcription in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) in order to develop new PPARgamma-ligands with improved clinical safety in the absence of deleterious cardiovascular side effects. Using an Oligo GEArray® Human Nuclear Receptors and Coregulators Microarray for gene expression profiling, we identified the transcriptional regulator and chromatin modifying High Mobility Group (HMG) A1 protein highly expressed in unstimulated HASMC. PPARgamma-dependent gene regulation was studied by analysis of PMA-induced MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) expression ± pioglitazone (pio 10μM). PMA (50ng/ml) stimulated MMP-9 mRNA expression by 46.3±22.3-fold (p&lt;0.05 vs. vehicle) which was markedly blocked by pio (10μM: 17.4±4.8-fold vs. PMA alone p&lt;0.05). Pio also blocked PMA-induced MMP-9 promoter activity by 45% in transactivation assays in HEK293 using a pGL3-MMP-9 2.2 kb construct. To evaluate the role of HMGA1, gene silencing experiments with siRNA for HMGA1 were performed (91 % in HASMC and 80.2% in HEK293 reduction of HMGA1 protein expression). HMGA1 siRNA completely abolished PPARgamma-mediated MMP9-mRNA repression (control siRNA: pio-mediated MMP-9 regulation vs. PMA alone: −66.8 % in HASMC and −59.3% in HEK293 p&lt;0.01; HMGA1 siRNA: pio-mediated MMP-9 regulation vs. PMA alone: +10.7 % in HASMC and +14.7% in HEK293 vs. PMA alone; p=n.s.). Knockdown of HMGA1 expression reverse trans-repression of MMP9 by PPARgamma in HASMCs. By using ChIP assay we could demonstrate that pio-induced PPARgamma activation leads to a potent recruitment of PPARgamma (3.0 fold vs.1.15 fold PMA alone) and HMGA1 complexes (1.24 fold vs. 0.0 fold PMA alone) to the MMP9 promoter in HASMC. In consonance with reduced promoter activity, RNA-Polymerase II was removed from the MMP9 promoter by pio (0.08 fold vs 1.04 fold PMA alone). In conclusion, HMGA1 is required for PPARgamma-mediated repression of MMP-9 gene transcription. Ligand-induced HMGA1-PPARgamma interactions might be an important determinant for ligand-specific anti-atherosclerotic actions.
Abstract 11587: Acidosis/GPR4 Signaling Regulates Inflammatory and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lixue Dong, Elizabeth Krewson, Danielle Bliss, David A Tulis, Li V Yang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

An acidotic tissue microenvironment is commonly found in ischemic organs, inflammatory sites, solid tumors, and in many other pathophysiological conditions. Due to hypoxia, glycolytic cell metabolism, and poor blood perfusion, production and accumulation of protons derived from lactic acid and other metabolic products acidify the microenvironment. Acidosis is an important stress factor that aggravates ischemic tissue injury and modulates the function of blood vessels and immune cells. Recent studies show that acidotic activation of the pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) increases endothelial cell inflammation and leukocyte adhesion. Numerous inflammatory genes such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines, NF-κB factors, and cyclooxygenase 2 are up-regulated by acidosis and GPR4 in endothelial cells. However, the signaling pathways by which acidosis/GPR4 regulates the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells are largely unknown. Using genetic and biochemical approaches we demonstrate that Gs, Gq and G13 G protein pathways are imperative for acidosis/GPR4-induced inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Each of these G protein pathways controls the expression of a subset of the inflammatory target genes. Moreover, interaction between these G protein pathways has been observed; e.g., induction of VCAM-1 by acidosis/GPR4 is positively regulated by the Gs pathway but negatively regulated by the G13 pathway. We also demonstrate that acidosis/GPR4 induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, a process closely associated with inflammation, in endothelial cells. Interestingly, treatment with a novel GPR4 small molecule inhibitor diminishes the acidosis-induced endothelial cell ER stress response. Together, these results suggest that acidosis/GPR4 signaling is a novel regulatory mechanism of endothelial cell inflammation and ER stress response. Inhibition of the GPR4 receptor may be exploited as potential new means to suppress inflammation associated with cardiovascular disorders.
Abstract 9408: ST-Segment Elevation in Leads V5-6 Predicts In-Hospital Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Reperfused Inferior Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kengo Tsukahara, Noriaki Iwahashi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Eiichi Akiyama, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In inferior wall acute myocardial infarction (IWMI), ST-segment elevation in leads V5-6 (STE V5-6) is often observed, but its prognostic impact is unclear. Methods: We examined admission ECGs in 361 patients with a first IWMI who had TIMI 3 flow of the right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX) by reperfusion therapy within 6 hours after symptom onset. Patients were divided according to the presence (n=77) or absence (n=284) of STE V5-6 &gt;2 mm, and the former was subdivided into the 2 groups according to the degree of STE in leads III and V6: STE:III&gt;V6 (n=53) and STE:III≤V6 (n=24). The perfusion territory of the culprit artery was assessed by angiographic distribution score, and mega-artery was defined as a score ≥0.7. Results: Age, sex, time to admission, reperfusion therapy, or time to reperfusion was similar in the 3 groups. STE V5-6 was associated with mega-artery occlusion, larger infarction, and in-hospital adverse events (death, reinfarction, or heart failure). RCA occlusion was most common in STE V5-6 with STE:III&gt;V6, whereas LCX occlusion, especially proximal LCX occlusion, was most common in STE V5-6 with STE:III≤V6. In multivariate analysis, STE V5-6 with STE:III&gt;V6 (OR 2.90, 95%CI 1.10-7.02, p&lt;0.01) and that with STE:III≤V6 (OR 3.63, 95%CI 1.58-8.96, p&lt;0.01) were independent predictors of in-hospital adverse events. Conclusions: In reperfused IWMI, ST-segment elevation in leads V5-6 on admission ECG strongly predicts in-hospital adverse outcomes; furthermore, comparing the degree of ST-segment elevation in leads III and V6 is useful for predicting the culprit artery (i.e., RCA or LCX).
Community Environmental Health
Authors: James N. Logue
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17922: The Impact of Center Volume on One Year Mortality After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in Elderly Patients
Authors: Arman Kilic, Eric S Weiss, Jeremiah G Allen, George J Arnaoutakis, Timothy J George, John V Conte, David D Yuh
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Elderly patients are more frequently undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) for end-stage heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of center volume on 1-year mortality following OHT in patients over the age of 60. Methods: Data were analyzed from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Elderly patients (age≥60) undergoing OHT between 1997-2009 were included. Average annual center volume for OHT in the elderly was calculated. The proportions of 1-year mortality were calculated for those centers with 10 or more average annual transplants and compared to those with less than 10. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed utilizing significant univariate predictors to evaluate the independent impact of center volume on 1-year mortality. Results: A total of 26,818 adult patients underwent OHT during the study period, with 7,087(26.4%) being over the age of 60. Mean annual volume of OHT in elderly patients was 9.5±7.7 transplants. There were 1,073(15.1%) 1-year mortalities and 5,729(80.8%) 1-year survivors, with the remaining 285(4.0%) patients being alive but with follow-up of less than a year. Mean age of included patients was 63.9±3.1 years, with 5,669(83.3%) males. The most common indications for transplantation were idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=5,803; 85.3%) and coronary artery disease (n=600; 8.8%). The proportion of 1-year mortality was 17.4% in low volume centers (&lt;10 annual transplants) versus 13.1% at high volume centers (p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, low annual center volume significantly increased the odds of 1-year mortality (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, p&lt;0.001) [see Table]. Conclusions: In elderly patients undergoing OHT, center volume significantly impacts 1-year mortality. These data strongly suggest that OHT in elderly patients should be performed at centers that have higher volumes in this specific cohort.
Abstract 3495: Vagal Denervation For Atrial Fibrillation: Temporal Modification And Early Phase Recovery Of Parasympathetic Function After Surgical Ablation Of Ganglionated Plexi
Authors: Shun-Ichiro Sakamoto, Richard B Schuessler, Anson Lee, Abdulhameed Aziz, Ralph J Damiano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background : Ablation of ganglionated plexi (GP) may have benefits in treating and preventing atrial fibrillation. There are numerous GP around the large vessels in the atria. Little is known about...
Ofatumumab + Chlorambucil Versus Chlorambucil Alone In Patients With Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Results Of The Phase III Study Complement 1 (OMB110911)
Authors: Peter Hillmen, Tadeusz Robak, Ann Janssens, K Govindbabu, Sebastian Grosicki, Jiri Mayer, Panagiotis Panagiotidis, Eva Kimby, Anna Schuh, Thomas Boyd, Marco Montillo, Astrid McKeown, Jodi L Carey, Ira V Gupta, Chai-Ni Chang, Steen Lisby, Fritz Offner
Journal: Blood (2013)
Increasing AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 dependent DHT catabolism in prostate cancer (CaP) cell lines by Phase II Inducers can prevent DHT-dependent gene expression: implications for chemoprevention of CaP
Authors: Andrew Stolz, Shouying Du, Qing Ji, Murad Ookhtens, Frank Z. Stanczyk
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

422  Androgens are trophic growth factors for CaP and blocking AR activation remains the foundation for medical management of CaP. Prostatic 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels is a balance of its intracellular synthesis and catabolism. We previously reported a selective reduction in AKRC2 and AKR1C1 in CaP as compared with paired normal tissue that respectively encode for a 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) III and a 3β-HSD. AKR1C3, which encodes for 17β-HSD V and shares 84% sequence identity with the others, was not suppressed in CaP tumors (Prostate 54:275-89). As AKR1C2 contains a cis-acting antioxidant response element (ARE), we determined if Phase II inducers, a diverse group of compounds that activate the ARE, could induce AKR1C2 in CaP cell lines and thereby reduce DHT-dependent gene expression by increasing its catabolism. Treatment of LNCaP cells with the Phase II inducer ethacrynic acid (EA) caused a 3 fold increase in the luciferase reporter activity of a transiently transfected luciferase construct driven by the AKR1C29s ARE. In LNCaP cells, escalating doses of EA (20 -100 μM) respectively increased AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 expression up to 88 ± 5 and 26 ± 4 fold, whereas AKR1C3 was induced by only up to 4 ± 1 fold (mean ± S.D.). AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 were also induced by other Phase II inducers in the LAPC-4 and PC-3 CaP cell lines. In LNCaP cells, DHT dose dependently increased PSA expression up to 4.6 ± 0.3 fold with 10 nM of DHT as compared to DMSO control. When LNCaP cells were pretreated with 100 μM of EA for 18 hrs, induction of PSA protein and mRNA by 0.5 nM DHT was completely abrogated. However, increasing the dose of DHT up to 10 nM was able to completely overcome this inhibition. Similar results were found in LAPC-4 cells where pre-treatment with Phase II inducers both decreased intracellular DHT levels while increasing appearance of DHT metabolites in the media. AR gene expression was unchanged in these studies suggesting that increased catabolism of DHT was responsible for decreased DHT-dependent PSA expression. In summary, Phase II inducers are able to increase AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 in CaP cell lines. Their induction prior to DHT treatment is associated with reduced DHT regulated PSA expression and enhanced DHT metabolism. We speculate that Phase II inducers, which include dietary micronutrients, are a promising new class of agents for both chemoprevention and adjuvant treatment of CaP by reducing AR dependent gene expression by promoting DHT catabolism.
Abstract MP64: Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference are More Strongly Associated with Abdominal Adiposity Compared to a Body Shape Index in Middle-aged Adults: The Cardia Study
Authors: Michael Machiorlatti, Christina M Shay, David Jacobs, Cora E Lewis, James Lovato, J. Gregg Terry, J. Jeffrey Carr
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) has been recently shown to better predict mortality when compared to BMI and waist circumference. Although individuals with higher abdominal adiposity generally exhibit greater mortality risk, the association between ABSI and imaging-based measures of abdominal adiposity has not been thoroughly explored. Objective: To quantify and compare associations between ABSI, BMI, and waist circumference with computed-tomography assessed measures of visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and total (TAT) abdominal adipose tissue volumes in middle age adults according to race and sex. Methods: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) is a community-based, prospective study of black and white men and women. Height (cm), weight (kg), and waist circumference (WC) were assessed during the year 25 exam (43-55 yrs), from which, BMI (kg/m 2 ) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) were calculated. VAT, SAT, and TAT volumes (cm 3 ) were concurrently measured by computed tomography (n=3,155). Linear regression was used to assess the amount of variation in VAT, SAT and TAT explained by BMI, WC and ABSI composition measure accounting for age, sex, race, and study center Results: Height, weight, BMI, WC and ABSI were all univariately associated with VAT, SAT and TAT with significant interactions by race and sex. Across all race/sex groups, BMI, WC and weight explained greater variance in VAT, SAT and TAT compared to ABSI (Table 1). WC generally explained the most variance in abdominal adiposity measures (R 2 =0.56-0.74). BMI explained the largest amount of variance in SAT (R 2 = 0.74-0.78). ABSI and height explained the least variance in abdominal adiposity (range R 2 &lt; 0.29). Conclusions: Although ABSI may provide additional information related to mortality that is not explained by more simple anthropometric measurements, the associations reported may not be strongly mediated through abdominal adiposity. BMI and WC remain simple clinical measures that strongly account for variations in abdominal adiposity.