tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Albright-McCune-Sternberg Syndrome
Authors: David McL. Greeley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Reference is made to your question, Can This Be True? ( JAMA  192 :434 [May 3] 1965). This question related to a secondhand report that in an Indian village 400 miles from Rangoon a 3-year-old girl was pregnant and due to be delivered soon.  The report may not be true but it could be true. You may remember the case of a 5- or 6-year-old girl who was delivered of a living infant in Peru some 20 or 25 years ago. As some of us suspected, she turned out to have the Albright-McCune-Sternberg syndrome. Although only 3 years old, this girl may also prove to have unilateral bone cysts and cafe au lait spots.
Effects of oxygen on autonomic nervous system dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: S. Scalvini, R. Porta, E. Zanelli, M. Volterrani, M. Vitacca, M. Pagani, A. Giordano, N. Ambrosino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Chronic hypoxaemia can play a pathological role in abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic hypoxaemia is associated with increased mortality and only long-term oxygen therapy is able to improve their survival. Normoxaemic COPD patients have been shown to suffer from abnormalities in ANS function. The aims of this study were to evaluate ANS function in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency and to test whether oxygen supplementation could reverse any ANS dysfunction. Eleven stable COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency underwent evaluation of ANS by analysis of variability in cardiac frequency at rest and during both vagal (controlled breathing) and sympathetic (tilting) stimuli breathing with and without oxygen supplementation. Thirteen male, healthy, nonsmoking volunteers served as controls. Evaluation of ANS in COPD patients during hypoxic conditions showed alterations both at rest and in response to vagal and sympathetic stimuli. Oxygen supply reversed hypoxaemia without significant changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension and, therefore, ANS alterations were corrected during sympathetic stimulus only. Breathing room air and oxygen, the resting low-frequency (LF) powers were 45+/-15 and 148+/-55 ms2 x Hz(-1), respectively, and controlled breathing LF were 107+/-41 and 141+/-113 ms2 x Hz(-1), respectively. In stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with chronic respiratory insufficiency, hypoxaemia is associated with derangements in the autonomic nervous system which may be partially reversed by oxygen administration.
Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Howard D. Kolodny
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Hyperglycemic nonketotic coma developed in a young man ten weeks after an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis and four weeks after successful pituitary stalk section. This is the first recorded instance of this syndrome occurring in a patient with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A possible relation between the stalk section and the altered responses to accelerating hyperglycemia is considered.
ABSCESS FOLLOWING THE INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF BISMUTH METAL (NEOTREPOL)
Authors: Irwin C. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Cysts and nodules are not uncommon following the deep intramuscular injection of the salts of heavy metals, but this is the first case so far as is known in which an injection of bismuth metal has produced an abscess. This product was first prepared in France by Sazerac and Levaditi, who obtained bismuth metal in a fine state of division by the reduction of a bismuth salt. The bismuth is then held in suspension in a 10 per cent dilution of an isotonic solution. The therapeutic dose is from 0.15 to 0.20 Gm. of the drug, administered in a series of from ten to twelve injections, and is given twice a week. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A married woman, aged 18, had been infected by her husband four weeks before examination. When seen, she had a rather large initial lesion on the left labium majus, and shotty inguinal glands. She
New Drugs. Beta-blockers and sympathomimetics.
Authors: J Feely, P J de Vane, D Maclean
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The availability of some 10 different beta-adrenoceptor blockers testifies to the success of these agents in modem therapeutics.Many of the newer members of this group do not represent a fundamental advance over the more established members, but in certain clinical settings they may offer distinct advantages.Combinations of beta-blockers with diuretics and a beta-blocker Beta Beta1 effects Increased rate and. force of contraction Increased renin - releaseRelease of free - fatty acids a role for beta-blockers in the secondary prevention of myo- cardial infarction and sudden death in patients with coronary heart disease.Adrenoceptors are classified into two groups, alpha (primarily stimulation) and beta (primarily relaxation) (figure).Alpha- blockers are discussed elsewhere in this series.Beta-blockers Alpha Dopamine Beta 2 effects Alpha2 effects -Inhibition of prolactin release Alphal effects Vasoconstriction of visceral and peripheral vessels Contraction of bladder neck (and uterus) Increased force of contraction -Increased renal and mesenteric blood tlow Effects of stimulation of the sympathetic system.with a weak alpha-blocking effect (labetalol) are now also available.Some of the original beta-blockers with short elimina- tion half lives have now been reformulated to allow once or twice daily dosages.The place of beta-blockers in such diverse conditions as thyrotoxicosis and glaucoma has now become clearer, and the results of several recent studies have suggested
Ligation of the hepatic artery in the treatment of heart failure due to hepatic haemangiomatosis
Authors: M. O. Rake, M. M. Liberman, J. L. Dawson, R. Evans, E. B. Raftery, J. Laws, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1970)

An infant presenting with high-output cardiac failure and a single large diffuse haemangioma of the liver is described. Corticosteroid therapy failed to produce any improvement, but hepatic artery ligation was followed by dramatic disappearance of the signs of cardiac failure and a decrease in the size of the liver without any evidence of lasting liver damage.
Live Cytomegalovirus Vaccination of Renal Transplant Candidates
Authors: JOHN P. GLAZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with primary cytomegalovirus infections in renal-transplant recipients. In the hope that immunity to cytomegalovirus could safely be established before transplantation, we vaccinated 12 seronegative renal-transplant candidates with the Towne 125 strain of live human cytomegalovirus. Before transplantation, there were no significant reactions except for erythema and induration at the site of inoculation. All vaccinees seroconverted, and the three patients tested acquired a cytomegalovirus-specific cellular immune response. Ten vaccinees underwent transplantation: Nine have completed at least 3 months of follow-up, and eight retain functioning allografts up to 1 year later. Although cytomegalovirus was isolated from six patients after transplantation, the restriction endonuclease patterns of the viral DNA of four of these isolates differed significantly from those of the vaccine strain. Therefore, it appears that the vaccine strain did not become latent in the host, at least in a form that could be reactivated.
Cohort study of coffee intake and death from coronary heart disease over 12 years
Authors: I. Stensvold, A. Tverdal, B. K Jacobsen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Suicide rates* per 100 000 population by sex, age, deprivation category, method ofsuicide, and year.Values in parentheses are numbers ofdeaths Deprivation category Year Affluent Average Deprived All Men (all methods of suicide)
Points: Cardiac arrhythmias during rewarming of patients with accidental hypothermia
Authors: A L Pozniak, A Hammond
Journal: BMJ (1984)

but no obstructing lesion or other abnormality were found.He had an uneventful recovery.Acute pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel is a recognised, potentially fatal, clinical syndrome.'The mechanism is unknown, but the condition may be associated with serious pathology inside or outside the abdomen.'-3Our experience suggests that pulmonary thromboembolism may lead to this condition.1 Addison NV.Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel.
Shed Membrane Particles From T Lymphocytes Impair Endothelial Function and Regulate Endothelial Protein Expression
Authors: Sophie Martin, Angela Tesse, Bénédicte Hugel, M. Carmen Martínez, Olivier Morel, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Microparticles (MPs) are membrane vesicles with procoagulant and proinflammatory properties released during cell activation. The present study was designed to dissect the effects evoked by T lymphocyte–derived MPs on vascular function. Methods and Results— MPs were produced by treatment of the human lymphoid CEM T cell line with actinomycin D or phytohemagglutinin. Incubation of mouse aortic rings with 30 nmol/L MPs resulted in a time-dependent impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of precontracted vessels, with a maximal reduction after 24 hours. MPs also impaired shear stress–induced dilatation of mouse small mesenteric arteries by affecting the nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin but not the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor components of the response. However, neither alteration of calcium signaling in response to agonists nor reduction of cyclooxygenase-1 expression accounted for the impairment of the NO and prostacyclin components of the endothelial response. The effect of MPs was rather because of a decrease in expression of endothelial NO synthase and an overexpression of caveolin-1. Furthermore, lymphocyte-derived MPs from diabetic patients or in vivo circulating MPs from either diabetic or HIV-infected patients reduced endothelial NO synthase expression. Finally, the effects of MPs on endothelial cells were not driven through CD11a/CD18 adhesion molecules or the Fas/FasL pathway. Conclusions— MPs from T cells induce endothelial dysfunction in both conductance and resistance arteries by alteration of NO and prostacyclin pathways. MPs regulate protein expression for endothelial NO synthase and caveolin-1. These data contribute to a better understanding of the deleterious effects of enhanced circulating MPs observed in disorders with cardiovascular or immune complications.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SURFACE ĊAPILLARIES IN MAN FOLLOWING CERVICOTHORACIC SYMPATHETIC GANGLIONECTOMY 1
Authors: George E. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

In the last decade, an impressive amount of evidence has accumu- lated to indicate that the capillaries are capable of changing their caliber as a response to nervous impulses, independently of the arterioles; that is, that their r6le under certain conditions is active rather than passive.Rouget, in 1873, was the first to present ana- tomic evidence of the presence of branched cells, which he assumed were contractile, on the endothelial walls of the capillaries.Vimtrup (1922), in Krogh's laboratories, has made histologic studies confirma- tory of Rouget's work.The presence of contractile cells on the walls of capillaries has been shown in most tissues of mammals, also in birds, reptiles, and fishes, and more recently, in many tissues in man.Histologic proof is not complete, as contraction of capillaries has been demonstrated in the absence of Rouget cells.Clark and Clark (1925) recently reported that they have not been able to find contrac- tile cells in the capillaries in tadpoles.St6hr (1926) was only rarely able to demonstrate nerve fibers to the capillary endothelium.Ana- tomic researches by Vimtrup (1923) on diverse tissues of the human being, including the cutaneous capillaries and venules, have shown the existence of contractile or Rouget cells.Schaley has demonstrated their presence in tissues in the eye of the human being.Beale, in 1860, and Glaser, in 1920, demonstrated in some organs in certain mammals that the capillaries are accompanied by fine, nonmedullated nerve fibers paralleling the capillary.Their connection with the wall of the capillary also has been demonstrated in tissues from some regions.
The role of cadherin in the generation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mononuclear precursors in murine marrow.
Authors: G Mbalaviele, H Chen, B F Boyce, G R Mundy, T Yoneda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

A critical step in bone resorption is the fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors to form multinucleated osteoclasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for this important process. Since the expression of proteins in the cadherin family of homophilic calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules is involved in the fusion process for certain other cells, we examined their role in osteoclast formation. Immunohistochemical examination of human and mouse bone using monoclonal antibodies to human and mouse E-cadherin clearly demonstrated positive staining in osteoclasts. N- and P-cadherin were not detected. In cultures of murine marrow mononuclear cells in which osteoclasts form by cell fusion, E-cadherin expression determined by Western blotting reached the highest levels as fusion was taking place. Expression of E-cadherin gene fragment was also detected in the marrow cultures by polymerase chain reaction. To study the functional role of E-cadherin expression in osteoclastic differentiation, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were examined for their effects on osteoclast formation. The antibodies decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (a marker of murine osteoclast)-positive multinucleated cell (TRAP-positive MNC) by inhibiting the fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors, but not proliferation of these cells or their attachment to plastic dish surfaces. This inhibitory effect was reversible. Furthermore, synthetic peptides containing the cell adhesion recognition sequence of cadherins also decreased TRAP-positive MNC formation. The antibodies and peptides inhibited not only osteoclast formation but also bone resorption. Antibodies to other types of cadherins and control rat IgG had no effects in these culture systems. Our findings suggest that E-cadherin expression may be involved in fusion (differentiation) of hemopoietic osteoclast precursors into mature multinucleated osteoclasts.
Abstract 4125: The retinoid-induced G0S2 protein undergoes ISG15ylation and destabilization.
Authors: Yun Lu, Lisa Maria Mustachio, Fadzai Chinyengetere, Wei Yang, Tian Ma, Jessica Dong, David J. Sekula, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The interferon stimulated protein ISG15 was one of the first ubiquitin-like modifiers discovered. Similar to ubiquitin, ISG15 is conjugated to cellular proteins through a three-step enzymatic cascade involving an activating enzyme E1 (UBE1L), a conjugating enzyme E2 and a ligase E3. Conjugated ISG15 is removed from substrate proteins by the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase Usp18 (UBP43). To date, few direct target proteins of the ISG15 system were found and the biologic implications of their ISG15ylation are actively under study. We previously reported that the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) was a direct target of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Prior work by others found that G0S2 was able to regulate lipolysis by inhibiting adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). The current study extends prior work by reporting that G0S2 was induced in APL cells by RA-treatment coordinately with UBE1L, ISG15 and the deconjugase Usp18. G0S2 was also shown to be a previously unrecognized target of ISG15ylation. G0S2 species were co-immunoprecipitated with ISG15. The functional consequence of this modification was confirmed by finding that G0S2 protein stability was directly affected by the ISG15 deconjugase Usp18. Loss of Usp18 expression by transfection of individual siRNAs into studied cells led to G0S2 protein destabilization. In contrast, engineered gain of Usp18 expression in the same cells stabilized G0S2 protein. Agents that can inhibit specific protein degradation pathways were also examined. Findings revealed that G0S2 protein was stabilized by treatment with proteasome or caspase inhibitors, but was not affected by lysosome or aggresome inhibitors. Thus, these findings indicate that G0S2 is a novel ISG15 substrate and that this modification substantially reduces G0S2 protein stability. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic basis for cross-talk between interferon and retinoid signaling at the level of the G0S2 protein that undergoes ISG15ylation. This provides evidence for a role of lipolysis regulation in both interferon and retinoid signaling. The functional consequences of this are under study in mouse models. Citation Format: Yun Lu, Lisa Maria Mustachio, Fadzai Chinyengetere, Wei Yang, Tian Ma, Jessica Dong, David J. Sekula, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky. The retinoid-induced G0S2 protein undergoes ISG15ylation and destabilization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4125. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4125
Prophylaxis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Marc D. Basson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Koplan et al (1980;244:2736) on prophylaxis for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis presents an interesting model for clinical decision making in the absence of clear data, employing a Delphi poll of presumed experts to establish a consensus. The authors rightly recognize that such a poll may be a useful stopgap until the performance of a more definitive study. However, although "clinical and public health decision making frequently occurs with an incomplete data base," it is equally important not to give the appearance of consensus where none exists. Five different therapeutic plans were endorsed by the responding experts who had been surveyed regarding treatment of children with positive skin test results and known exposure to isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. Seven percent of these experts urged no treatment at all. Roughly one third each urged treatment with isoniazid alone or rifampin alone, and another 23% were divided between two multidrug therapies.
IS MALARIA A WATER-BORNE DISEASE?
Authors: John M Batten
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Malaria may, to some extent, be a water-borne disease, but that the malaria plasmodium or poison gains admittance into the system wholly by way of the stomach, we think we have ample evidence to lead us to doubt. The plasmodium malariæ or malarial poison certainly gains admittance into the system through the respiratory organs as well. I will give a hasty review of the disease as it came under my observation in 1864 and 1865. The<i>Valley City</i>, to which I was attached, had a roving permission to cruise in the sounds of North Carolina and up the rivers that empty into these sounds. The water of the sounds at times is brackish, as it has connection with the ocean through Ocracoke Inlet. The intensity of the disease and the number of cases that occurred increased in the following localities in the order named: 1, the region of the Pamlico
The Role of Choi Criteria in Assessing Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIS) in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: McCarthy Fiona, Crusz Shanthini, Gobindpuri Avinder, Sarker Shah-Jalal, Shahabuddin Khawaja, Hagemann Thorsten
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Nursing Care for the Small Infant
Authors: W. S. Craig, G. A. Kitching, I. G. Davies, C. F. Brockington
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Discharge home of an infant from hospital necessarily involves a break in the continuity of professional super- vision.The break applies less to medical than to nursing supervision.Established custom ensures that the family doctor is advised concerning babies who are being returned from hospital to his care.Continuing medical
Managing nocturia
Authors: Neil W Matheson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-The Data Protection Act 1998 does not prohibit the processing of personal information for medical research purposes.Indeed, it is clear from section 33 of the act that such processing is expressly permitted.If it were otherwise, then the act would be in direct conflict with the core aims of the laws that underpin it-namely, the Council of Europe Convention of 1981 and the European Union Directive of 1995.These laws seek to facilitate data processing activities, primarily "free flows" of information, rather than suppress data processing.The problems to which Peto et al refer in their editorial on data protection, informed consent, and research are not Data Protection Act problems but, rather, problems caused by ignorance and misunderstanding. 1 With basic training on the key mechanisms of the act the problems of which the authors complain can be easily overcome.Training need not be an expensive task either.Legal compliance can be achieved at comparatively modest cost.There are two additional points of note.Firstly, the Data Protection Act regulates the processing of personal information relating to living individuals.Thus, research following death is not regulated.Secondly, the act and case law make clear that information will not be "personal data" if it does not identify a living person or if it does not have the individual as its focus or is not significantly biographical.So, if medical researchers do not actually need or seek identification information the act should not be engaged.
Flowcytometric diagnosis of atracurium‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: A. P. Uyttebroek, V. Sabato, J. Leysen, C. H. Bridts, L. S. De Clerck, D. G. Ebo
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Allergy to atracurium is a rare condition with serious consequences of diagnostic error. However, correct diagnosis is not always straightforward. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of the basophil activation test ( BAT ) in atracurium sensitization and to investigate its role in identifying cross‐reactivity between muscle relaxants. Methods For validation, eight patients with perioperative anaphylaxis to atracurium and seven individuals experiencing perioperative anaphylaxis but not exposed to neuromuscular blocking agents ( NMBA ) were included. Furthermore, five other patient groups were included in the study, and all individuals exposed to different NMBA , either sensitized or not to the drug. Basophil activation with atracurium was analysed flow cytometrically. Results ROC analyses between eight atracurium‐sensitized patients and seven nonexposed controls allowed identification of 5% as the decision threshold for BAT positivity. For this cutoff, the BAT attained a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 70%. Of the atracurium‐exposed individuals with a negative atracurium skin test (ST), two individuals had a clear positive BAT . BAT atracurium was positive in one cisatracurium‐sensitized patient and negative in all cisatracurium‐exposed patients with a negative ST to cisatracurium. All rocuronium‐ and suxamethonium‐sensitized patients displayed a negative BAT with atracurium. Conclusions The BAT proves to be a useful diagnostic for atracurium‐induced anaphylaxis and may be complementary to STs. The technique enables quick and simultaneous testing of potentially crossreactive NMBA and the identification of safe alternatives for future surgery.