tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and utilization patterns of intravenous bisphosphonates for bony metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer: Results in the off-trial setting
Authors: W. Liauw, E. Segelov, A. Lih, M. Links, R. Dunleavy, R. Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6089 Background: Bisphosphonate therapy is currently recommended by ASCO guidelines for use in advanced breast cancer in the setting of lytic metastases (JCO 21: 4042–57, 2003). Given the lack of phase IV data we conducted a retrospective analysis to determine the proportion of patients who develop skeletal related events (SRE) in the off-trial setting at two Australian Cancer Centres. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients receiving pamidronate or zoledronate for advanced breast cancer. The primary endpoint, to serve as a comparison with the published phase III trial data, was the proportion of patients with a SRE after 12 months of therapy. SRE included vertebral or non-vertebral fracture, cord compression, surgery and/or radiotherapy to bone. Results: 114 patients were identified as being evaluable on the basis of a complete dataset. The median number of cycles was 13.5. 30 patients (26%) experienced at least one SRE in the 12 months following commencement of intravenous bisphosphonate. This compares with 43% in the published literature (NEJM 335: 1785–91, 1996), (Chi squared=3.933 1dF, 2p=0.047). The median time to 1st SRE was 333 days. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines was poor: 21.9% of cases had bone metastases documented by bone scan only, and 4.4% had sclerotic disease. 26% of patients received an infusion within 30 days of death. Conclusions: This study suggests that the clinically relevant SRE rate is substantially lower than the event rate observed in phase III clinical trials. We attribute this lower rate to observational bias. In the clinical trial setting it is possible that over-detection of skeletal events occurs due to the utilisation of regular skeletal survey or radionucleotide bone scan whereas these procedures are not routine in clinical practice. Phase IV observational studies need to be conducted to determine the actual outcome of bisphosphonate therapy in order to implement rationale use of bisphosphonates. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Perioperative blood transfusions
Authors: S. G. Memtsoudis
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sustainable management of plant disease outbreaks in agriculture is one of the main challenges of the next years to restore economic and environmental viability of farming practices. Improving early-detection capabilities and disease surveillance is increasingly seen as an obligate step to design appropriate and effective prophylactic measures. In this context, plant diseases caused by wind-dispersed pathogens represent an interesting case of study, since they are particularly complex and hard to observe directly, especially if compared to other dissemination means, and demand for a multidisciplinary approach to be dealt with. Wind dispersal could imply a geographic differentiation in pathogens spreading potential, due to the emerging of local meteorological features. In this work we analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of wind connectivity in Europe and the Mediterranean basin in order to identify possible pathways of <i>Puccinia graminis</i> spores, the causal agent of stem rust of wheat. By running backwards Lagrangian simulations merging a biological layer coupled with a pathogen viability model, we investigate possible long-distance connections between regions in the study area across different seasons. We characterized these regions in terms of network centrality indicators to identify possible spreaders of stem rust of wheat, founding that Central and Western European regions appears to provide highest connectivity for the spread of <i>P. graminis</i>.
Childhood lichen planus after simultaneous measles-mumps-rubella and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio vaccinations
Authors: K. Tasanen, M. Renko, P. Kandelberg, R. Herva, A. Oikarinen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Childhood lichen planus after simultaneous measles‐mumps‐rubella and diphtheria‐tetanus‐pertussis‐polio vaccinations Get access K. Tasanen, K. Tasanen Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Renko, M. Renko Pediatrics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5 A, 90230 Oulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Kandelberg, P. Kandelberg Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Herva, R. Herva Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland E‐mail: kaisa.tasanen@oulu.fi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Oikarinen A. Oikarinen Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 3, 1 March 2008, Pages 646–648, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08378.x Published: 01 March 2008
Educational opportunities provided by a specialist pleural diseases clinic
Authors: Maryam Ahmed, Jane Whittingham, Helen E. Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background Recent BTS guidelines strongly recommend the use of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) prior to any pleural procedure. With the instigation of the European Working Time Directive and speciality-based ward care, time for training in pleural interventions is limited despite it being a requisite in the UK training curriculum. Aim A weekly specialist pleural diseases clinic was established in May 2011 allowing dedicated clinic time for patients who require pleural intervention. The clinic also provides practical training for specialist respiratory trainees. Junior (FY, CMT) doctors were encouraged to attend and observe+/-perform pleural interventions in a closely supervised environment. Method A retrospective analysis of patients and trainees attending the clinic during its first 6 months (01/06/11-30/11/11). Results 134 patients were seen (mean 5, range 2-10 weekly), all patients had bilateral TUS. An average of 3 procedures was performed weekly. A respiratory registrar attended 80% of the clinics. Junior trainees were present for 65% of procedures. Respiratory trainees achieved the requisite numbers for RCR Level 1 competency after 5 (mean) clinics. Conclusion Development of a pleural disease clinic has contributed to an improvement in the training of junior doctors. Respiratory trainees are able to learn TUS on a 1:1 basis and be observed during acquisition of RCR level 1 competency. Didactic lectures and practical teaching sessions already exist for the junior doctors. This clinic enhances the hands-on training available providing dedicated patient-based opportunities. This is necessary to ensure all trainees gain proficiency in the core pleural procedures needed in general hospital medical practice.
Influence of Age and Sex on Hepatic Lesions Induced by Chemical Carcinogens: Ingestion of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-4-(4′-fluorobiphenyl)acetamide by Buffalo Strain Rats
Authors: Kurt Stromberg, Melvin D. Reuber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Inbred Buffalo male and female rats, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks old, ingested 0.04% N-4-(4′-fluorobiphenyl)acetamide in a semisynthetic diet for 36 weeks. Animals were killed 12 weeks later. The incidence of hepatic lesions was related primarily to the sex of the animals; however, age also influenced the development of lesions. Males developed more hepatic carcinomas than females. Young animals of both sexes had more hepatic lesions than older animals. The 4-week-old male rats were particularly susceptible to the carcinogen. Animals in that group had larger carcinomas, more carcinomas per liver, an increase in undifferentiated carcinomas (as compared with well-differentiated or poorly differentiated), a higher incidence of pulmonary metastases, and a shorter survival time than animals of any other group.
Chemical Specificity of Carcinogen-Induced Tolerance to Homotransplantation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Helen W. Fox, Fred G. Bock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Normal DBA/2 mice rejected subcutaneous transplants of 6C3HED tumor. This immunological response was abolished if the host mice were previously painted 18 times with 0.27% 3-methylcholanthrene. The chemical was more effective in inducing tolerance of 6C3HED than was neonatal thymectomy of unpainted DBA/2 mice. The carcinogens 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and 7,9-dimethylbenz[c]acridine in greater concentration had a similar but smaller effect. Anthralin (1,8,9-anthratriol), an agent that promotes skin tumors in mice, did not abolish immunological rejection of the tumor. Induced tolerance to homotransplantation was thus more closely related to carcinogenic activity than was sebaceous gland suppression. A few DBA/2 mice that rejected the subcutaneous transplant of 6C3HED later developed an ascites tumor composed of 6C3HED cells.
Randomized comparison of vinorelbine and melphalan in anthracycline-refractory advanced breast cancer.
Authors: S Jones, E Winer, C Vogel, L Laufman, L Hutchins, M O'Rourke, B Lembersky, D Budman, J Bigley, J Hohneker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE This prospective multicenter randomized trial was performed to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (i.v.) vinorelbine tartrate (Navelbine [NVB]; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC) with i.v. melphalan (Alkeran [ALK]; Burroughs Wellcome Co) in a heavily pretreated population of patients with anthracycline-refractory advanced breast cancer (ABC). Efficacy end points included time to disease progression (TDP), time to treatment failure (TTF), survival, tumor response rates, and quality of life (QL) and relief of cancer-related symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 24, 1990, and December 1, 1992, 183 patients were randomized (2:1) to treatment with NVB (30 mg/m2 weekly) or ALK (25 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) i.v. Patients were stratified by measurable or nonmeasurable-assessable disease and by treatment center. RESULTS Time to disease progression was significantly longer with NVB than with ALK, with a median 12 weeks versus 8 weeks, respectively (P &lt; .001). NVB patients also had significantly longer time to treatment failure than ALK patients, with a median 12 weeks versus 8 weeks, respectively (P &lt; .001). The effect of NVB on survival was also statistically significant (P = .034): 1-year survival rates were 35.7% with NVB and 21.7% with ALK and the median survival rate was 35 weeks and 31 weeks, respectively. In total, 46.5% of NVB patients and 28.2% of ALK patients achieved an objective response or stabilization of disease (P = .06). No intergroup differences were noted in patient-assessed QL and cancer-related symptoms. The most common toxicities were hematologic, including granulocytopenia with NVB and thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia with ALK. Both drugs were generally well tolerated, and no septic deaths were reported. CONCLUSION This randomized trial demonstrates a survival benefit in anthracycline-refractory ABC. NVB was well tolerated and demonstrated activity superior to ALK in anthracycline-refractory ABC, without compromising QL. Based on activity of single-agent NVB in this difficult-to-treat patient population, investigations of NVB in combination with other anticancer drugs are warranted.
Melanoma erysipeloides: successful treatment by chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: U. Hillen, C. Willers, M. Goos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Melanoma erysipeloides: successful treatment by chemoimmunotherapy Get access U. Hillen, U. Hillen University of Essen, Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Willers, C. Willers University of Essen, Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Goos M. Goos University of Essen, Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 4, 1 October 2000, Pages 904–906, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03804.x Published: 01 October 2000
Adaptive Pressure Support Servo-Ventilation
Authors: HELMUT TESCHLER, JENS DÖHRING, YOU-MING WANG, MICHAEL BERTHON-JONES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a novel method of ventilatory support designed for Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) in heart failure. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of one night of ASV on sleep and breathing with the effect of other treatments. Fourteen subjects with stable cardiac failure and receiving optimal medical treatment were tested untreated and on four treatment nights in random order: nasal oxygen (2 L/min), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (mean 9.25 cm H2O), bilevel (mean 13.5/5.2 cm H2O), or ASV largely at the default settings (mean pressure 7 to 9 cm H2O) during polysomnography. Thermistor apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) declined from 44.5 ± 3.4/h (SEM) untreated to 28.2 ± 3.4/h oxygen and 26.8 ± 4.6/h CPAP (both p < 0.001 versus control), 14.8 ± 2.3/h bilevel, and 6.3 ± 0.9/h ASV (p < 0.001 versus bilevel). Effort band AHI behaved similarly. Arousal index decreased from 65.1 ± 3.9/h untreated to 29.8 ± 2.8/h oxygen and 29.9 ± 3.2/h CPAP, to 16.0 ± 1.3/h bilevel and 14.7 ± 1.8/h ASV (p < 0.01 versus all except bilevel). There were large increases in slow-wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with ASV but not with oxygen or CPAP. All subjects preferred ASV to CPAP. One night ASV suppresses central sleep apnea and/or CSR (CSA/CSR) in heart failure and improves sleep quality better than CPAP or 2 L/min oxygen.Keywords: Cheyne-Stokes respiration; heart failure; oxygen; CPAP; bilevel ventilation; adaptive servo-ventilation; sleep
A questionnaire study of available sources of information regarding medical conditions and access rate in patients attending chest clinics in a district general hospital (DGH) in the United Kingdom
Authors: Selva Selvaraj, Chris Sondai, Greg Cooper, Thirumalai Naicker, Koottalai Srinivasan, Harmesh Moudgil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: There is increasing availability of medical information on the internet, and patients now, tend to use it more often [1,2].

Aim: To survey patients attending chest clinics (new and follow up) regarding their use of internet and other sources to access prior information about their respiratory condition.

Method: Questionnaire study of patients in respiratory clinics about the sources of information accessed by them, including internet, general practitioners (GP), other hospital consultants involved in their care, family, friends, leaflets and audio-visual media for one month period.

Results: 139 questionnaires were completed out of 161. 60 were male. Mean age was 54 (20-88).

View this table:

Results





Conclusion: The doctors remain the major source of information to the patients. However, the internet provides information to a significant proportion of our patients and this makes a compelling argument for making the internet resources more available and as reliable as possible. Our study noted that patients with cancer accessed the internet more.

References: 

*   1. Alghamdi et al. Int J Dermatol 2011 Mar;50(3):292-9.

*   2. McMullan et al. Patient Educ Couns., 2006 Oct;63(1-2):24-8, Epub 2006 Jan 6.
Declining Breast Cancer Mortality Among Young American Women
Authors: W J Blot, S S Devesa, J F Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Changes in age-specific breast cancer mortality rates among white females in the United States during 1950-80 were shown to be correlated with changes in patterns of childbearing in early adulthood. However, for the most recent 5-year period among women below age 40 years, small declines in breast cancer mortality were observed in the late 1970's, despite a predicted increase following delays in childbearing that began in the 1960's and despite evidence of a rising incidence of the cancer. Although correlation analyses have inherent limitations, the findings raise the possibility that recent changes in the detection and management of breast cancer have contributed to a lowered mortality from this cancer among young American women.
Event coding as feature guessing: The lessons of the motor theory of speech perception
Authors: Bruno Galantucci, Carol A. Fowler, M. T. Turvey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The claim that perception and action are commonly coded because they are indistinguishable at the distal level is crucial for theories of cognition. However, the consequences of this claim run deep, and the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) is not up to the challenge it poses. We illustrate why through a brief review of the evidence that led to the motor theory of speech perception.
High Incidence of Migration Inhibition Reactivity to Lung Tumor-Associated Antigen by Normal Donors in Close Contact With Lung Cancer Patients or Materials2
Authors: Irene M. Suslov, James L. McCoy, Grace B. Cannon, Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

A high incidence of indirect leukocyte migration inhibition reactivity of normal donors to a 3-M KCl extract from a fresh pleural effusion of a patient with a lung adenocarcinoma (designated 7661) was observed. When these normal donors were classified according to contact with lung cancer patients or materials, 22 of 32 (72%) normal donors in contact with lung cancer patients or materials were reactive with the 7661 extract as compared to only 3 of 76 (4%) who had no contact. Of normal donors involved in the direct care of lung cancer patients, 14 of 20 (70%) were positive, whereas only 2 of 10 (20%) hospital personnel who worked with noncancer patients were reactive. Among laboratory personnel who handled blood and tissue specimens from lung cancer patients, 8 of 11 (73%) were positive with the 7661 extract, whereas none of 5 laboratory workers who worked with cancer materials unrelated to lung cancer were positive. Also, none of 13 personnel working in laboratories adjacent to those where lung cancer tests were performed were reactive with 7661. None of the 16 blood bank donors and none of 11 secretarial and clerical staff who worked in biochemical laboratories were positive. Reactivity was no correlated with a smoking history. Thus development of reactivity appeared to require direct contact with lung cancer patients or materials. The results suggested a horizontal transmission of reactivity against an antigen associated with lung cancer.
Temperature-Dependent Rosette Formation by Mouse Lymphoma Cells as a Result of Viral Hemadsorption 2
Authors: Hiroshi Hiai
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Cells from several mouse lymphomas formed rosettes with nonsensitized foreign erythrocytes through C-type virus particles clustered on the cell surface in serum-free medium held at 4 degrees C. This type of rosetting was found most typically in a lymphoma induced by Rauscher leukemia virus in tissue culture (RD-12), but it also occurred in 23 of 61 spontaneous thymic lymphomas in AKR mice. Chemically or X-ray-induced leukemias and spontaneous reticulum cell sarcomas did not form rosettes. The nature of the rosette formation may be interpreted as viral hemadsorption, with a possible relationship to hemagglutination by murine leukemia viruses. The receptor on virus particles was trypsin sensitive and showed high affinity to serum inhibitors (RIF). Serum rosette-inhibiting activity was assessed by a quantitative rosette inhibition test; rosette inhibition proved widely distributed among species. Physicochemical properties of serum RIF and their function both in vivo and in vitro were described. Rosette formation with similar temperature requirements, previously reported in a mouse lymphoma carrying membrane-bound heterophile cold hemagglutinin, was readily distinguished from viral hemadsorption by its insensitivity to mouse serum RIF.
Time to return to full training is delayed and recurrence rate is higher in intratendinous (‘c’) acute hamstring injury in elite track and field athletes: clinical application of the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification
Authors: Noel Pollock, Anish Patel, Julian Chakraverty, Anu Suokas, Stephen L J James, Robin Chakraverty
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification describes acute muscle injuries and their anatomical site within muscle based on MRI parameters of injury extent. It grades injuries from 0 to 4 and classifies location based on a myofascial (a), musculotendinous (b) or intratendinous (c) description. This is a retrospective cohort study that assessed time to return to full training (TRFT) and injury recurrence in the different British Athletics classifications for hamstring injuries sustained by elite track and field (T&amp;F) athletes over a 4-year period. Methods The electronic medical records (EMRs) of 230 elite British T&amp;F athletes were reviewed. Athletes who sustained an acute hamstring injury, with MRI investigation within 7 days of injury, were included. MRI were graded by two musculoskeletal radiologists using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. The EMRs were reviewed by 2 sports physicians, blinded to the new classification; TRFT and injury recurrence were recorded. Results There were 65 hamstring injuries in 44 athletes (24±4.4 years; 28 male, 16 female). TRFT differed among grades (p&lt;0.001). Grade 3 injuries and ‘c’ injuries took significantly longer and grade 0 injuries took less TRFT. There were 12 re-injuries; the injury recurrence rate was significantly higher in intratendinous (c) injuries (p&lt;0.001). There was no difference in re-injury rate between number grades 1–3, hamstring muscle affected, location (proximal vs central vs distal), age or sex. Conclusions This study describes the clinical application of the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification. Different categories of hamstring injuries had different TRFT and recurrence rate. Hamstring injuries that extend into the tendon (‘c’) are more prone to re-injury and delay TRFT.