tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of acute emesis in cancer patients following high-dose cisplatin with the combination of oral dolasetron and dexamethasone.
Authors: M G Kris, K B Pendergrass, R M Navari, T H Grote, A M Nelson, V Thomas, B B Ferguson, D S Allman, B A Pizzo, T W Baker, I J Fernando, S B Chernoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Dolasetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist antiemetic with active oral and intravenous formulations. The effects of this class are enhanced when combined with dexamethasone. This study tested the ability of the combination of oral dolasetron 200 mg and oral dexamethasone 20 mg to prevent acute emesis in cancer patients receiving initial cisplatin at doses &gt; or = 70 mg/m2. Additionally, patients were randomly assigned to receive a second dosage of the regimen 16 hours later to improve control of acute symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 75 patients were entered, with 38 randomized to the two-dose regimen. Thirty-five percent were women and 77% had lung cancer. RESULTS Overall, the regimen prevented acute vomiting in 76% (95% confidence interval, 65% to 85%), including 74% of 35 patients who received cisplatin at doses &gt; or = 100 mg/m2. There was no observed difference in emesis prevention between the one-dose (76%) and two-dose (76%) regimens (95% confidence interval for the difference, -20% to 19%). The median time to the onset of emesis was 19 hours for the one-dose regimen and 17 hours for the two-dose regimen in those patients with emesis. Headache occurred in 11% who received one dose and 16% who received two doses. CONCLUSION The combination of oral dolasetron 200 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg given only once prevented acute emesis in 76% of patients who received cisplatin &gt; or = 70 mg/m2. Administration of a second dose of the regimen did not improve the observed prevention rate or delay the time to emesis. This one-dose oral regimen has comparable or better effectiveness than reported results of intravenous combination regimens in preventing cisplatin-induced vomiting and merits further study and use.
Chemotherapy (Ct) Intensification in Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Seminoma Who Have Negative Prognostic Factors
Authors: M. Fedyanin, A. Tryakin, A. Bulanov, A. Vybarava, I. Pokataev, A. Tjulandina, T. Zakharova, V. Matveev, A. Garin, S.A. Tjulandin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Inhibition of Mammary Tumorigenesis by Ergot Alkaloids and Promotion of Mammary Tumorigenesis by Pituitary Isografts in Adreno-Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Reiko Yanai, Hiroshi Nagasawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The effect of ergocornine or 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) in intact C3H/He virgin mice and the effect of pituitary isografts in adreno-ovariectomized mice on spontaneous mammary tumor incidence were investigated to clarify the importance of prolactin on mammary tumorigenesis. At the end of 8 months after the experiment began, mammary tumor incidences were 23.5 and 16.7% in mice with subcutaneous pellet implants of ergocornine and CB-154, respectively, whereas the incidence in control mice was 73.7%. Mammary tumor incidence was significantly inhibited by these ergot alkaloids undoubtedly through their suppression of pituitary prolactin secretion. Mammary tumor incidence was 51.3% at the end of 8 months after 3 pituitaries were grafted in adreno-ovariectomized mice, while no tumors appeared in the adreno-ovariectomized controls; this indicated that prolactin secreted continuously by the grafted pituitaries promoted the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in the apparent absence of adrenal and ovarian hormones. These results demonstrated that prolactin is a primary hormonal factor in spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in mice.
Changes in the Transplantability of a Virus-Induced Murine Leukemia Tumor
Authors: John L. Portis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The subcutaneous growth potential of a Friend virusinduced murine leukemia cell line (FBL-3) passaged in the ascites form was found to change, depending on the interval of time spent in the peritoneal cavity. Injection sc of the original stock of FBL-3 (grown continuously in vitro) into C57BL/10 mice produced transient tumors uniformly rejected by days 20–40. The tumor cells passaged in the ascites form for 7 days behaved like the in vitro-grown cells, whereas ascites cells harvested at 14 days produced progressive lethal subcutaneous tumors in 50–70% of the recipients. The change in subcutaneous growth was reversible simply by alteration of the ascites passage schedule. Day 7 ascites cells (regressors) were converted to progressors by Ip passage for 14 days, and day 14 ascites cells (progressors) were converted to regressors by ip passage for 7 days. The difference in growth potential between day 7 and day 14 ascites cells was not due to effects of nonneoplastic host cells accompanying the tumor cells in the ascites population, because neither dilution of nonneoplastic cells by in vitro culture nor selective killing of H-2a/b host cells by anti-H-2 serum and complement altered the subcutaneous growth behavior of either day 7 or day 14 ascites cells. These results indicated that the change in the growth potential of FBL-3 occurred at the level of the tumor cells. However, no quantitative differences were observed in the expression of serologically detectable tumor-associated antigens by these two populations. Possible mechanisms for this change in transplantability were considered.
Adhesion of Tumor Cells to Hepatocytes: Different Mechanisms for Mammary Carcinoma Compared With Lymphosarcoma Cells
Authors: E Roos, O P Middelkoop, I V Van de Pavert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Mechanisms of adhesion between tumor cells and hepatocytes, which are likely to play a role in liver metastasis formation, were studied in vitro. TA3 mammary carcinoma and MB6A lymphosarcoma cells were added to rat hepatocytes that had been cultured for 24 hours. Adhesion was quantified by counting adherent cells seen in sections of pelleted, Epon-embedded culture fragments. Adhesion of TA3, but not of MB6A cells, was inhibited by antibodies prepared from an antiserum raised against sinusoidal face-enriched liver plasma membranes. Detergent-solubilized liver components, affinity purified on immobilized inhibitory antibodies, neutralized inhibition, whereas a subfraction separated from this material with the use of immobilized noninhibitory antiliver antibodies had no neutralizing activity. Adhesion of MB6A but not of TA3 cells was inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187 and the local anesthetic procaine. The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited adhesion of MB6A cells more strongly than that of TA3 cells. Finally, adhesion of TA3 cells was dependent on external calcium, whereas in the case of MB6A cells calcium could be replaced by magnesium. These observations suggested that adhesion of the two tumor cell types to hepatocytes involved distinct hepatocyte surface molecules and required distinct biochemical machinery.
Effect of long term azithromycin on exacerbations in non CF bronchiectasis
Authors: Muhammad Naeem, Khaild Nourain, Raja Reddy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:   Azithromycin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 1 . Long term azithromycin reduces exacerbations in in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis 2 . This study determined the effect of long term azithromycin on improvement of symptoms, frequency of exacerbation and hospital admission.   Method:   We reviewed 41 patients with CT diagnosis of Non CF Bronchiectasis who were started on long term Azithromycin. Five lost to follow up, 5 did not tolerate azithromycin and 3 died.  28 patients followed up for one year. Subjective symptom assessment, number of exacerbation and hospital admission recorded at 3, 6 and 12 months from start of azithromycin.   Results:   Twelve (42.9%) patients were male and 16 (57.1%) were female. Significant reduction in exacerbations was observed after 12 months on Azithromycin (Table 1). 16 (57%) patients described significant subjective improvement in symptoms and 11 (39.3%) patient had some improvement, and 1 (3.3%) patient had worsening in symptoms. No significant change observed in number of hospital admissions.   Conclusion:   Long term Azithromycin significantly reduces the infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis and improves patient symptoms.   References:   1. McCormack J, Bell S, Senini S et al. Daily versus weekly azithromycin in cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J. 2007; 30(3):487-495  2. Wong C, Jayaram L, Karalus N et al. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (EMBRACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012; 380(9842):660-667.
Surgery of Cerebral Gliomas: State of the Art
Authors: Pietro Paoletti, Giorgio Butti, Giovanni Spanu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

Generally, the first therapeutic approach in patients with cerebral gliomas is surgery. Technological advancements in both diagnosis and surgical instruments which have taken place in the past 20 years have greatly modified surgeons' attitudes which have become more aggressive against this type of pathology. To define the state of the art in this field, the authors have taken into consideration the surgical cases at the Neurosurgical Institute of the University of Pavia from 1973 to 1989. During this period 339 adult supratentorial gliomas (125 glioblastomas, 115 anaplastic astrocytomas, 74 astrocytomas, and 25 other histotypes) were operated on. Patients were aged between 16 and 76 years. The overall surgical mortality was 4.7% which has decreased from 7% before 1980 to about 2% in the last ten years. Morbidity was 27.2% and has decreased significantly during the same period. The authors discuss pre- and postoperative pharmacological strategies, the usefulness of applying new diagnostic and surgical technology, the incidence of mortality and morbidity, time and quality of survival with respect to the different types of surgical operations.
Gynecologic Surveillance of Women on Tamoxifen: First Do No Harm
Authors: Carolyn D. Runowicz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.20.3457 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11032584 Gynecologic Surveillance of Women on Tamoxifen: First Do No Harm Carolyn D. Runowicz, MDxCarolyn D. RunowiczSearch for articles by this author Show More Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.20.3457 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Gynecologic Surveillance of Women on Tamoxifen: First Do No Harm ." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(20), pp. 3457–3458© 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Composite asthma control measures in real-life studies
Authors: David Price, Richard Martin, Gene Colice, Paul Dorinsky, Alison Chisholm, Julie von Ziegenweidt, Annie Burden, Peter Polos, Liz Hillyer, Nicolas Roche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Using real-life databases to compare asthma treatments requires composite proxies for asthma control.   Methods:  Observational study using the US Ingenix Normative Healthcare Database to compare asthma outcomes between matched patients either initiating or increasing inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy as fluticasone propionate (FP) or extra-fine hydrofluoroalkane beclomethasone dipropionate (EF HFA-BDP). Literature-based  a priori -defined composites were developed and evaluated over 1yr, including: markers of emergency healthcare use for asthma and lower respiratory tract infections; use of oral steroids and reliever therapy; increased maintenance therapy, and controller-reliever ratio. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated to assess adherence.   Results:    Conclusion:  While the proportion of patients achieving asthma control varies according to the considered criterion, data consistently show similar or better outcomes for EF HFA-BDP despite a significantly lower ICS daily dose and similar MPR. Using multiple composite measures to evaluate comparative effectiveness reinforces confidence in study findings.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: To resect or to transplant?
Authors: Ângelo Zambam de Mattos, Angelo Alves de Mattos
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: This letter regards the recently published article by Lim et al.1 The researchers performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis, using a Markov model, and demonstrated that liver resection (LR) was more cost‐effective than liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).1 Nevertheless, we understand that some issues about the study need further discussion. The researchers proposed the comparison between LR and LT for Child A or B patients with HCC within the Milan criteria.1 Actually, the most important guidelines on HCC suggest LR for Child A patients with one nodule smaller than 2 cm.2 LR on a Child B patient with an HCC of 5 cm seems to impose an unacceptable mortality risk, and LT should be the first‐line treatment for such cases. In this context, the 30‐day postoperative mortality of 2.2% used in the model1 seems too low for Child B patients. This might help explaining why 1‐ and 3‐year survivals were higher for LR than for LT, which is counterintuitive. Concerning survival, it is noteworthy that the used model projected a 5‐year survival of 57% post‐LT, when this rate is frequently described as greater than 80%. If such a survival rate had been used in the base‐case scenario, conclusions would probably be different, as suggested by the sensitivity analysis.1 Regarding costs, the researchers should have considered in their model the possible use of neoadjuvant locoregional therapies for patients waiting for LT, which could increase costs related to LT. On the other hand, the possibility that patients previously submitted to LR could develop the need for LT was not considered, which could increase costs related to LR. Moreover, the researchers chose cost‐effectiveness thresholds of US$50,000 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) for the United States and of one gross domestic product (GDP) per‐capita per‐QALY for Switzerland and Singapore.1 Despite being correct, these thresholds are rather rigorous, and others, such as US$100,000 per QALY or 3 GDPs per‐capita per‐QALY, are also very frequently used, which could be verified in a previous study.4 If these thresholds had been used, conclusions might have been different, as it is suggested by the sensitivity analysis. Finally, though it was not the aim of the study, we understand that an analysis under the perspective of society would be interesting, given that LT is the definitive treatment of cirrhosis and LR could spare a liver graft, which would be used for another patient. In this context, a discrete event simulation could be useful.
Some Aspects of the Fractured Scaphoid
Authors: Tudor L Thomas
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

Ninety-three patients who presented at a district general hospital in one year with a suspected or actual scaphoid fracture were studied. Certain changes in the accepted management of scaphoid fractures, particularly the radiology of these fractures, are suggested. These changes could result in significant savings of time and money. A new investigation is described which may prove helpful in the long-term prognostic assessment of patients who have suffered a scaphoid fracture.
Transformation to Small-Cell Lung Cancer Following Treatment with Vandetanib in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Naoyuki Nogami, Toshiyuki Kozuki, Hiromoto Kitajima, Daijiro Harada, Shoichiro Yamamoto, Kadoaki Ohashi, Norihiro Teramoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Clinical relevance of lymphoblast biological features in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: D K Kalwinsky, P Roberson, G Dahl, J Harber, G Rivera, W P Bowman, C H Pui, J Ochs, M Abromowitch, M E Costlow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Improvements in therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led us to reevaluate the prognostic significance of lymphoblast characteristics at diagnosis. From application of univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we determined the relationship of five blast cell features to treatment outcome in 250 patients who were enrolled in two clinical trials at this center from May 1979 through April 1982. Karyotype ploidy, lymphoblast morphology, and immunophenotype were each significantly related to prognosis as measured by time to failure, while periodic acid-Schiff reactivity and glucocorticoid receptor number lacked prognostic implication for this patient population. In addition, clinical features of initial WBC count, age, and race were also significant independent variables in predicting treatment response. By multivariate analysis, both ploidy and morphology contributed prognostic information to a clinical model based on WBC count, age, and race. If the model was adjusted for impact of ploidy, however, French-American-British morphology no longer contributed additional prognostic information. Our findings suggest that many traditional biological features used to estimate prognosis in ALL can be discarded in favor of clinical features (leukocyte count, age, and race) and cytogenetics (ploidy) for planning of future clinical trials.
Merozoite surface protein-3: a malaria protein inducing antibodies that promote Plasmodium falciparum killing by cooperation with blood monocytes
Authors: C Oeuvray, H Bouharoun-Tayoun, H Gras-Masse, E Bottius, T Kaidoh, M Aikawa, MC Filgueira, A Tartar, P Druilhe
Journal: Blood (1994)
Net Energy Effects of Dietary Fat on Chemically Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G A Boissonneault, C E Elson, M W Pariza
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The effect of net energy, as distinct from kilocalorie intake or the percent of fat in the diet, on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6]-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female inbred F344 rats was investigated. Rats were fed a 5% corn oil diet from weaning until DMBA administration, when they were switched to one of three dietary regimens: 5% corn oil diet, low-fat diet fed ad libitum (LF); 30% corn oil diet, high-fat diet fed ad libitum (HF); or 30% corn oil diet fed at a level providing a calculated net energy equivalent to the group on LF [high-fat diet fed at a restricted level (HF-R)]. Calculated relative net energy values of the amounts of diet actually consumed by the groups on HF-R, LF, and HF were, respectively, 0.90, 1.00, and 1.07 (kcal equivalent to 34.1, 42.2, and 40.8, respectively). Weight gain for the groups on LF and HF-R was the same throughout the experiment (24 wk), while rats on HF weighed significantly more at 6 weeks and thereafter. Body composition analyses at 24 weeks established that the groups on HF and HF-R were equivalent in fat: protein ratio, whereas the group on LF had about 35% less body fat and 15% more body protein. Carcass energy was in the following order for rats in these diet groups: HF greater than HF-R greater than LF. At 24 weeks, tumor incidences for the groups on HF, LF, and HF-R were, respectively, 73, 43, and 7%. These data indicated that tumor appearance does not depend on the percent fat in the diet per se but rather on a complex interaction involving energy intake, energy retention, and body size.
Using computerized decision support to improve compliance of cancer multidisciplinary meetings with evidence-based guidance.
Authors: Vivek Patkar, Dionisio Acosta, Tim Davidson, Alison Jones, John Fox, Mohammed R. Keshtgar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

79 Background: The cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting is regarded as the best platform to reduce unwarranted variation in cancer care through evidence-compliant management. However, MDT meetings are often overburdened with many different agendas, and hence struggle to achieve their full potential. Methods: We have developed an interactive computer system called MATE to facilitate explicit, evidence-based decision-making in MDT meetings for breast cancer care. MATE provides prognostication and risk assessment and also flags up patients eligible for recruiting into ongoing research trials. We describe the system; share our experience of implementing MATE and report initial audit and survey results. MATE was used to record the proceedings of breast MDT meetings between 2008-2009 to gather 1,295 cases discussed in the MDMs during this period and to audit the MDT decisions and MATE recommendations against NICE, NHSBSP, and NCCN guidelines. Results: MATE identified 61% more patients who were eligible for recruitment into clinical trials than the MDT and its recommendations demonstrated high concordance with MDT decisions (93.2 %). MATE is in routine use in breast MDT meetings at Royal Free Hospital, London, and deployment of the system in other NHS trusts is being explored. Conclusions: Sophisticated decision support systems can enhance the conduct of MDT meetings in a way that is acceptable to and valued by the clinical team. Further rigorous evaluations are required to examine cost-effectiveness, measure the impact on patient outcomes and test the generalizability of the system in different hospital setups and in different cancers.
Values of saccharin transit time test in smokers following a smoking cessation programme in Brazil
Authors: Fernanda Maria Machado Rodrigues, Dionei Ramos, Alessandra Choqueta Toledo, Rafaella Fagundes Xavier, Marceli Rocha Leite, Juliana Nicolino, Luiz Carlos Carvalho Junior, Juliana Tiyaki Ito, Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Exposure to cigarette smoke causes changes that undermine the effectiveness of mucociliary clearance and may be influenced by different exposure conditions. The aim of this study was to present nasal mucociliary clearance (MC) by means of the saccharin transit time (STT) test and to evaluate the effects of different exposure intensities on MC in smokers following a smoking cessation programme in Brazil. Methods: 42 current smokers with normal lung function were divided into mild [under 20 pack/years (P/Y); n=15] and heavy (from 21 P/Y; n=27) smokers and evaluated concerning exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) by CO analyser and MC by STT. A matched control group of 25 healthy non-smokers was assessed using the same test. Tests were conducted between 8 and 9 AM with air temperature and relative humidity controlled. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann Whitney test. Results: Smokers showed higher eCO and STT (6,5[5–9]ppm and 12,2[8–18]min) compared to control group (2[1–3]ppm and 7,9[6–13]min) (p