tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN THE TREATMENT OF STERILITY
Authors: ALAN F. GUTTMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Artificial insemination or impregnation, as some term it, is one of those rare medical entities which cannot be traced back to Hippocrates. Furthermore, no reference exists to it among preliterate peoples. 1 In fact, its first human application was made only one hundred and fifty years ago.  According to the legend, the procedure was first evolved by fourteenth century Arabs in the breeding of horses. The legend specifically states that warring tribes stole into the enemy's camp and artificially inseminated well bred mares with the semen of inferior stallions—a practice without application in today's warfare of tanks. 2 In 1680 Jan Swammerdam, physician, mystic and natural philosopher of Leyden, reported unsuccessful attempts to fecundate artificially the eggs of fish, an experiment accomplished by Jacobi twenty years later. The success of the abbe Lazarro Spallanzani in first artificially fertilizing an insect, then an amphibian and finally a dog is well known.
A Joint Venture With the Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Donnell Etzwiler, Richard Bergenstal, Roger Mazze, Marion Franz, Broatch Haig, Randi Birk, Diane Neimann, William Henry
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

One hesitates to comment on the frequent alterations occurring in the former Soviet Union (or disunion, as one Russian recently commented). Since Mr. Gorbachev first wrote of perestroika in 1987, the changes have been beyond imagination, and the future remains totally unpredictable.
Shock Following Snakebite
Authors: Findlay E. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Drs. Shubin and Weil are to be complimented on their fine paper, Failure of Corticosteroids to Potentiate Sympathomimetic Pressure Response During Shock ( 197 :808, 1966). Their findings that the glucocorticoids do not augment the pressor action of sympathomimetic drugs in patients with circulatory shock due to sepsis, myocardial infarction, loss of blood volume, and anaphylaxis are consistent with our own observations that these drugs do not alter mean arterial pressure in patients with shock following rattlesnake venom poisoning. We have also found that the response to glucocorticoid hormones administered during the shock associated with rattlesnake venom poisoning, and in the absence of prior treatment with vasopressor amines, is not consistent. In some cases there has been a slight increase in cardiac output but no significant arterial pressure change. This may be due to the decreased arterial resistance as described by Sambhi, Weil, and Udhoji ( Amer J Physiol
A Nutritional Analysis of an Airline Meal
Authors: John La Puma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters2 September 2003A Nutritional Analysis of an Airline MealJohn La Puma, MD and David Schiedermayer, MDJohn La Puma, MDFrom Santa Barbara Institute for Medical Nutrition and Healthy Weight; Santa Barbara, CA 93105 and Waukesha Memorial Hospital; Waukesha, WI 53226.Search for more papers by this author and David Schiedermayer, MDFrom Santa Barbara Institute for Medical Nutrition and Healthy Weight; Santa Barbara, CA 93105 and Waukesha Memorial Hospital; Waukesha, WI 53226.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_Part_1-200309020-00021-w4 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Researchers have identified several reasons for the increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States, but we recently noticed one risk factor that has been overlooked: frequent flying. On a United Airlines flight from San Jose, California, to Chicago, Illinois, in mid-2002, coach class passengers were all served the same boxed lunch. The lunch was small, containing just 9 oz of food: 1.25 oz of Fritos corn chips, two 1-oz Eli's cookies, and a 4.8-oz pressed turkey and pastrami sandwich (1 oz of each luncheon meat and 1 oz of processed American cheese on a 2.75-oz bun) ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Santa Barbara Institute for Medical Nutrition and Healthy Weight; Santa Barbara, CA 93105 and Waukesha Memorial Hospital; Waukesha, WI 53226. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe nutritional value and health issues of in-flight meals offered by Greek airlines - a preliminary study 2 September 2003Volume 139, Issue 5_Part_1Page: W-70KeywordsFatsFolic acidFoodMagnesiumMeatMedical risk factorsNutritionObesitySodiumVitamin A ePublished: 2 September 2003 Issue Published: 2 September 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Appropriateness of Diagnostic Management and Outcomes of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Pierre-Marie Roy, Guy Meyer, Bruno Vielle, Catherine Le Gall, Franck Verschuren, Françoise Carpentier, Philippe Leveau, Alain Furber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: International guidelines include several strategies for diagnosing pulmonary embolism with confidence, but little is known about how these guidelines are implemented in routine practice. Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of diagnostic management of suspected pulmonary embolism and the relationship between diagnostic criteria and outcome. Design: Prospective cohort study with a 3-month follow-up. Setting: 116 emergency departments in France and 1 in Belgium. Patients: 1529 consecutive outpatients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Measurements: Appropriateness of diagnostic criteria according to international guidelines; incidence of thromboembolic events during follow-up. Results: Diagnostic management was inappropriate in 662 (43%) patients: 36 of 429 (8%) patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism and 626 of 1100 (57%) patients in whom pulmonary embolism was ruled out. Independent risk factors for inappropriate management were age older than 75 years (adjusted odds ratio, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.48 to 3.47]), known heart failure (odds ratio, 1.53 [CI, 1.11 to 2.12]), chronic lung disease (odds ratio, 1.39 [CI, 1.00 to 1.94]), current or recent pregnancy (odds ratio, 5.92 [CI, 1.81 to 19.30]), currently receiving anticoagulant treatment (odds ratio, 4.57 [CI, 2.51 to 8.31]), and the lack of a written diagnostic algorithm and clinical probability scoring in the emergency department (odds ratio, 2.54 [CI, 1.51 to 4.28]). Among patients who did not receive anticoagulant treatment, 44 had a thromboembolic event during follow-up: 5 of 418 (1.2%) patients who received appropriate management and 39 of 506 (7.7%) patients who received inappropriate management (absolute risk difference, 6.5 percentage points [CI, 4.0 to 9.1 percentage points]; P < 0.001). Inappropriateness was independently associated with thromboembolism occurrence (adjusted odds ratio, 4.29 [CI, 1.45 to 12.70]). Limitations: This was an observational study without evaluation of the risk for overdiagnosis. Conclusions: Diagnostic management that does not adhere to guidelines is frequent and harmful in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Several risk factors for inappropriateness constitute useful findings for subsequent interventions. *For members of the EMDEPU Study Group, see the Appendix.
Abstract 1441: Induction of cancer cachexia by inflammatory molecules in directed complementation tumor models
Authors: Qing Liu, Lorena Lerner, Zakir Siddiquee, Lucia Huang, Ruojie Wang, Nianjun Tao, Brian Krieger, Isabel Chiu, Jeno Gyuris
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer cachexia is a complex multi-factorial syndrome characterized by anorexia, body weight loss that is primarily due to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as systemic inflammation. It affects the majority of advanced cancer patients, being the cause of death in 20% to 40% of the cases. Although inflammation is recognized as an important component of cancer cachexia, the role of individual cytokines is poorly understood. Our analyses of inflammatory markers in two independent human cancer cachexia plasma collections identified several cytokines (GDF-15, Activin-A, IL-6 and IL-8) that are consistently upregulated in cancer cachexia patients. To examine the ability of these cytokines to induce cancer cachexia, we utilized an inducible breast cancer model as the background in which to create a panel of genetically-engineered mouse tumor models that overexpress targets of interests, namely GDF15, Activin A and IL-6. Such complemented tumor models present a unique preclinical opportunity for dissecting the role of candidate markers in vivo, in part because they were generated on a genetically homogeneous background, allowing the role of each individual target to be identified and differentiated. Mice bearing tumors that overexpress each inflammatory marker were characterized for phenotypic manifestation of cachexia. Mice bearing tumors that overexpress GDF15 (or MIC-1, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1) developed severe cachexia with a rapid onset of body weight loss as well as changes in body composition. Overexpression of Activin A or IL-6 induced partial body weight loss with a milder cachexia phenotype at concentrations significantly higher that seen in cachexic human patients, while mice bearing control tumors without the engineered expression of an inflammatory cytokine showed no detectable changes in either body weight or body composition. These results indicate that the elevated expression of GDF-15 and to a lesser extent Activin A, and IL-6 can result in the development of cancer cachexia and may represent attractive therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Qing Liu, Lorena Lerner, Zakir Siddiquee, Lucia Huang, Ruojie Wang, Nianjun Tao, Brian Krieger, Isabel Chiu, Jeno Gyuris. Induction of cancer cachexia by inflammatory molecules in directed complementation tumor models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1441. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1441
Intracoronary β-Radiation Exacerbates Long-Term Neointima Formation in Balloon-Injured Pig Coronary Arteries
Authors: Patrick K. Coussement, Hector de Leon, Takafumi Ueno, Mahomed Y. Salame, Spencer B. King, Nicolas A.F. Chronos, Keith A. Robinson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Long-term biological effects of ionizing radiation on coronary arteries remain poorly defined. We examined late arterial responses 6 months after balloon angioplasty and β-radiation in normal pig coronary arteries. Methods and Results Coronary arteries of 25 adult pigs were randomized to receive 20 Gy (n=8) or 30 Gy (n=9) of 186 Re β-radiation or sham radiation (n=8) immediately after balloon angioplasty. Aspirin was given daily during follow-up. The study vessels were analyzed histopathologically at 6 months. β-Radiation decreased lumen area (20 Gy, 1.55±0.99 mm 2 ; 30 Gy, 1.03±0.82 mm 2 ; and 0 Gy, 2.05±0.80 mm 2 ; P &lt;0.05) but not overall vessel area. The neointimal area was significantly larger within the injured segment with β-radiation (20 Gy, 1.92±1.23 mm 2 ; 30 Gy, 1.51±0.97 mm 2 ; and 0 Gy, 0.89±0.31 mm 2 ; 0 Gy versus 20 Gy, P &lt;0.05), and a significant increase of edge stenosis was observed with β-radiation. Irradiated vessels also had larger thrombus areas within the neointima (30 Gy, 0.24±0.61 mm 2 ; 20 Gy, 0.98±1.57 mm2; and 0 Gy, 0.00±0.01 mm 2 ; P &lt;0.05) and larger adventitial areas (20 Gy, 2.25±0.75 mm 2 ; 30 Gy, 2.38±0.98 mm 2 ; and 0 Gy, 1.23±0.29 mm 2 ; 0 Gy versus 20 or 30 Gy, P &lt;0.05) that showed substantial collagen accumulation. Conclusions Intracoronary β-radiation did not inhibit neointima formation in balloon-injured normal pig coronary arteries 6 months after the interventional procedure. Unresorbed thrombus contributed to, but was not the sole component of, augmented neointima formation. Irradiated vessels demonstrated more adventitial thickening and fibrosis. These observations may have relevance for long-term clinical outcomes after intracoronary β-radiation.
The Efficacy and Safety of Combined Trabeculectomy Cataract Extraction, and Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: David L. McCartney, James E. Memmen, Walter J. Stark, Harry A. Quigley, A. Edward Maumenee, John D. Gottsch, David A. Bernitsky, Stephen K. Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)
How Long Does a Tube of Nitroglycerin Ointment Last?
Authors: ROBERT H. HODGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1980How Long Does a Tube of Nitroglycerin Ointment Last?ROBERT H. HODGE JR, M.D., JOHN T. BOWERS, M.D., STEPHEN L. POHL, M.D.ROBERT H. HODGE JR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN T. BOWERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN L. POHL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-373_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Many patients in our general medical clinic taking nitroglycerin ointment have returned between their regularly scheduled appointments for refills. As this need may affect medication-taking compliance (1), we wonder whether clinicians know how many doses are available in a standard 60-g tube of 2% nitroglycerin ointment?Ten samples of each of 1 inch (2.5 cm), 1½ inches (3.8 cm), and 2 inches (5.1 cm) of 2% nitroglycerin ointment (Nitrol Ointment; Kremers-Urban Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) were measured on the Applirulers (Kremers-Urban Company) supplied with the tube. Each Appliruler was weighed so that the net weight could be calculated....References1. SOCKETHAYNES DR, eds. Compliance with Therapeutic Regimens. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1976. Google Scholar2. ARONOW W. Clinical use of nitrates: I. Nitrates as antianginal drugs. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 1979;48:31-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. ARONOW W. Clinical use of nitrates: II. Nitrates in congestive heart failure. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 1979;48:37-42. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Minimum information for sensible use of self-prescribed medicines: an international consensus. Lancet. 1977;2:1017-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTopical Nitroglycerin: 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 373-373KeywordsOintments Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Routine Electrocardiogram
Authors: Gordon R. Cumming
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Did a recent case report inThe Journalreally support the author's appeal for "routine electrocardiography in all candidates for competitive athletics regardless of age?" (221:1047, 1972). A 20-year-old patient had well-documented, known congenital heart disease that she chose to conceal so she could do what she wanted. A history from her own physician would have been just as revealing as an electrocardiogram. Should all athletes have a lie detector test to check on other problems not revealed by the ECG? Rose (208:2319, 1969) has explored rapid electrocardiographic screening of athletes, and has reported his collected data on sudden deaths in young athletes. The details that Dr. Rose was able to obtain in many of these deaths are so meager that it is impossible to know if any of the subjects would have had their potential anomalies revealed by ECG. The significance of some minor electrocardiographic changes
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer-Reply
Authors: Giora M. Mavligit
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Gamero argues that, unlike surgery, radiotherapy  increasingly improved results in colorectal cancer that are clearly demonstrated in the articles to which he refers. Unfortunately, Dr Gamero's enthusiasm with radiotherapy is neither shared by the authors of the articles that he quotes nor by those that he apparently overlooked.  One must evaluate the role of radiotherapy in the right perspective of its scope of therapeutic achievement. One should first bear in mind that radiotherapy has been given primarily to patients with rectal or rectosigmoid lesions, which comprise approximately 40% of all colorectal cancer cases.1Thus, if there is any beneficial effect on prognosis, it is limited to a fraction of the patients. This dilutes the overall effect.  Second, and even more important, colorectal cancer, like breast cancer, is not a local disease but a disease that tends to be disseminated (micrometastases) already at the time of
Toward Control of Meningococcal Disease
Authors: Jay Wenger
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Left ventricular performance assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography and echocardiography in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
Authors: H Henning, H Schelbert, M H Crawford, J S Karliner, W Ashburn, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1975)

In 61 patients (77 studies) who had a transmural myocardial infarction, we compared the left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography with the ejection fraction determined by a computerized radioisotope technique that makes no assumptions regarding left ventricular geometry. In 31 studies of 26 patients with normal left ventricular wall motion by videotracking and normal left heart size, ejection fraction averaged 0.57 +/- 0.09 (SD) by ultrasound and 0.62 +/- 0.10 by the isotope method. Measurements of ejection fraction by both techniques correlated well (r = 0.86) and there was complete separation between patients with normal and reduced ejection fraction. In 46 studies of 35 patients in whom left ventricular wall motion abnormalities were recorded by videotracking, ejection fraction by the isotope method averaged 0.46 +/- 0.08, while average echo ejection fraction was 0.62 +/- 0.12. The correlation between the ultrasound and isotope methods in these 46 studies was poor (r = 0.33) and in 28 studies measurement of the ejection fraction by the two techniques was discordant. In 26 of the 27 studies where there was a reduced ejection fraction by the isotope method and a normal ejection fraction by echo, the dyssynergy involved the anterolateral left ventricular wall. These data indicate that echocardiographic measurements frequently overestimate left ventricular performance in patients with previous myocardial infarction associated with anterolateral wall motion disorders.
A Rapid and Convenient Method of Preparing Malarial Blood Films
Authors: P. Manson
Journal: BMJ (1896)

The antitoxic serum was found to neutralise the effect of 2.0 c.cm. of sterilised bouillon, when injected simultaneously into the peritoneal cavity in the dose of 0.2 c.cm.Experiments for ascertaining the curative action of the serum were carried on in this wise: A number of guinea-pigs were inoculated with several times the fatal dose of the virus,
TCT-831 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients of Small Body Size
Authors: Yusuke Watanabe, Kentaro Hayashida, Thierry Lefèvre, Bernard Chevalier, Thomas Hovasse, Mauro Romano, Philippe Garot, Arnaud Farge, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Erik Bouvier, Bertrand Cormier, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ca2+ channel activation by platelet-derived growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and Ras guanine triphosphate-binding proteins in rat glomerular mesangial cells.
Authors: H Ma, H Matsunaga, B Li, B Schieffer, M B Marrero, B N Ling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We investigated the signaling pathways mediating 1-pS Ca2+ channel activation by PDGF in cultured rat mesangial cells. In cell-attached patches, intrapipette PDGF-BB (PDGF B chain homodimer isoform) (50 ng/ml) dramatically stimulates channel activity (P < 0.003, n = 6). Tyrosine kinase inhibition (100 microM genistein or 10 microM tryphostin 9) abolished PDGF-induced channel activation (P < 0.02, n = 6). In excised patches, the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibition could be reversed by 200 microM GTPgammaS (P < 0.02, n = 4). In contrast, 200 microM GDPbetaS inhibited PDGF-induced channel activity (P < 0.04, n = 6). Pertussis toxin (250 ng/ml) had no effect on PDGF-induced channel activity (P = 0.45, n = 6). When excised patches were exposed to anti-Ras antibody (5 microg/ml), PDGF-induced channel activity was abolished (P < 0.002, n = 11). Western immunoblots revealed that PDGF-BB binding stimulates the formation of a membrane-bound complex consisting of growth factor receptor-binding protein 2, son of sevenless, and the PDGF-beta receptor. Complex formation was abolished by genistein. In mesangial cells, the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the PDGF-beta receptor stimulates the formation of a membrane-bound growth factor receptor-binding protein 2/son of sevenless/PDGF-beta receptor complex and activation of the pertussis toxin-insensitive GTP-binding protein, p21-Ras, which leads to the opening of 1-pS Ca2+ channels.
Evaluation of Routine Telephone Transmission of Nuclear Medicine Studies
Authors: JEFFREY A. ORLIN, ILAN TAL, JOHN A. PARKER, DOV FRONT, ORA ISRAEL, GERALD M. KOLODNY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Rapid and reliable transmission of nuclear medicine studies using conventional telephone lines and commercially available modems and computer systems has been accomplished through use of software developed within the authors' hospital. Original digital images of all-night and weekend studies, acquired on any of the acquisition computers from different manufacturers, are now routinely sent for remote reading at the physician's home. Data, software, and letters are routinely exchanged using modems and standard telephone lines with a sister institution in Haifa, Israel. The software has been designed to achieve no loss data compression and minimal turnaround time loss. Thus, an average lung perfusion image or gallbladder study requires about 1-3 minutes of transmission time. Full analysis and display software is available on the remote computer.