tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise Limitation in Health and Disease
Authors: Norman L. Jones, Kieran J. Killian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Classic studies of the factors that limit exercise revealed that exercise capacity is reduced at high altitudes1 and in persons with cardiopulmonary disorders.2 Because animal muscle deprived of oxygen rapidly fatigues and produces lactic acid,3 these findings suggested that inadequate oxygen delivery limits exercise. Maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) became the primary measure of exercise capacity, and mechanisms related to the delivery of oxygen to the muscles were considered the main factors determining exercise capacity. These principles dominate the conventional interpretation of clinical exercise tests.4,5 PhysiologyNormal Exercise PerformanceExercise can be categorized as follows: short-term maximal exercise, . . .
Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling — An Abuse of Trust by the Food Industry?
Authors: Kelly D. Brownell, Jeffrey P. Koplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

On January 24, two food-industry trade associations announced a new voluntary nutrition-labeling system that major food and beverage companies would use on the front of packages to "help busy consumers make informed choices." But is the program good for public health?
DIFFERENTIATION OF PREGNANCY AND HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Authors: M. Y. Dabney
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Clinically, hydatidiform mole is suspected in cases of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy, associated with disproportionate enlargement of the uterus. 1 In pregnancy, of course, rest and waiting are the prescribed treatment for bleeding. In hydatidiform mole, the uterus should be emptied immediately, irradiated, and possibly removed.  Hormone studies from several sources recently have indicated another diagnostic point: in hydatidiform mole and chorionepithelioma there is a greatly increased concentration of anterior pituitary sex hormone in the urine. 2 Mazer and Goldstein 3 say:  Aschheim obtained a positive pregnancy reaction in a case of hydatidiform mole with one-twelfth the amount of urine usually necessary to secure such a reaction. Reeb states that the amount of anterior pituitary hormone excreted in cases of hydatidiform mole and chorionepithelioma is from 10 to 500 times that excreted during normal pregnancy.... In cases of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy associated with
Daily or three times per week interferon α-2b in combination with ribavirin or interferon alone for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to previous interferon alone
Authors: Victor de Lédinghen, Pascale Trimoulet, Maria Winnock, Pierre-Henri Bernard, Marc Bourlière, Isabelle Portal, André-Jean Rémy, Nathalie Szostak, Stéphane Lévy, Albert Tran, Armand Abergel, Geneviève Chêne, Hervé Fleury, Patrice Couzigou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Retinoic acid and pigment cells: a review of in-vitro and in-vivo studies
Authors: J.-P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Topical tretinoin improves mottling and hyperpigmented lesions of photodamaged skin. The basic mechanisms underlying these effects are not known. It is demonstrated that retinoids inhibit the growth and enhance the differentiation of melanoma cells in vitro, and stimulate the constitutive melanogenesis in melanoma cells in vitro. On the other hand, they inhibit hormonally or pharmacologically induced melanogenesis in these cells. Very few data are available concerning the effect of retinoic acid on normal human melanocytes, but there is some inhibition of growth as in melanoma cells. Retinoic acid appears to have little effect on the melanogenesis of normal human melanocytes grown in vitro using serum-free culture medium. Changes in the shape of these melanocytes suggest that retinoic acid acts on cytoskeleton proteins. Further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are needed to clarify the effects of retinoic acid on melanocytes.
Any-Willing-Provider Laws
Authors: Richard E. Moses
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 January 1997Any-Willing-Provider LawsRichard E. Moses, DO, JDRichard E. Moses, DO, JDTemple University School of Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although ethics dictate that physicians must act in their patients' best interests at all times, a physician's independent judgment and loyalty can be compromised by business interests and contractual commitments with insurers. When physicians limit patient care and services to comply with an insurer's goal of generating profit, they act unethically [1]. The potential for conflicts of interest has become more prevalent as physician employment by and affiliation with managed care organizations have increased.Physician deselection, a method by which third-party payers, such as managed care organizations, terminate or fail to renew physicians' contracts, is sometimes used ...References1. Rodwin MA. Medicine, Money, and Morals: Physicians' Conflicts of Interest. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1993. Google Scholar2. Delta Dental Plan of California v. Banasky et al., 27 Cal. App. 4th 1598, 33 Cal. Rptr. 2d 381 (1994). Google Scholar3. Francesconi GA. ERISA preemption of “any willing provider” laws-an essential step toward national health care reform. Washington University Law Quarterly. 1995; 73:227-68. Google Scholar4. Bureau of National Affairs. Terminations can follow tortuous path that must be trod carefully. Health Law Reporter. 4:49 d31. 21 December 1995. Google Scholar5. Havighurst CC. Health Care Choices: Private Contracts as Instruments of Health Reform. Washington, DC: AEI Pr; 1995. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Temple University School of Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 174KeywordsConflicts of interestFearPatient advocacyPatients Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SAT0269 Efficacy and Safety of Anti-TNF Alpha in BehÇEt Disease: Preliminary Results of A French Multicenter Registry of 92 Patients
Authors: H. Vallet, S. Riviere, M. Lambert, A. Deroux, P. Bielfeld, P. Seve, J.B. Fraison, L. Perard, Y. Schoindre, T. Papo, G. Kaplanski, J. Sellam, T. Le Hoang, O. Fain, I. Marie, D. Sene, X. Mariette, G. Blaison, E. Hachulla, A. Perlat, B. Wechsler, P. Cacoub, B. Bodaghi, D. Saadoun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Behçet9s disease (BD) is a systemic large vessel vasculitis with recurrent genital and oral ulceration, uveitis, cardio-vascular, joints, neurological or gut symptoms. Treatment of BD is dependent of the nature and the severity of clinical manifestations. Increased levels of TNF alpha and soluble TNF receptors have been found in the serum, plasma and in the aqueous humor of patients with BD. Although, anti-TNF alpha have proved effective in refractory uveitis, few data are available relative to its efficacy in extraocular manifestations of BD. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to report on the efficacy and the safety of anti-TNF alpha in BD. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective multicenter study of main characteristics and outcomes of 92 patients with BD treated with anti-TNF alpha. <h3>Results</h3> Ninety two observations were collected in 18 French centers. Mean ± SD age at the anti-TNF alpha introduction was 34±10 years with 55% of men. Seventy nine (79%) patients received at less one immunosuppressive therapy before the use of anti-TNF alpha. The main indications of anti-TNF alpha were uveitis (n=71, 77%), mucocutaneous manifestations (n=14, 15%) [oral (n=13) and genital ulcerations (n=5)], articular (n=12, 13%), neurologic (n=7, 8%), cardio-vascular (n=4, 4%) and digestive manifestations (n=3, 3%). Infliximab was frequently used (60%), followed by adalimumab (35%), etanercept (4%) and golimumab (1%). Associated therapy included prednisolone (82%), azathioprine (30%), mycophenolate mofetil (6%), and methotrexate (5%). Median duration of follow up was 32 months [10-57]. 96% and 92% of BD patients achieved a complete or partial response of uveitis and extraocular manifestations, respectively. Anti-TNF alpha had a significant corticosteroid sparing effect (daily prednisolone dose of 40mg at time of introduction of anti-TNF alpha vs 10mg and 5mg at 6 and 12 months, respectively; p&lt;0,0001). The median time for clinical improvement was 61 days [31-92]. Adverse events were reported in 26% of patients, mainly with infliximab. They included infections (19%), hypersensitivity reactions (2%), injection site reactions (2%), cancers (2%) and lupus (1%). Serious adverse events were reported in 8 patients (of whom 7 with infliximab) and required treatment interruption in all cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These preliminary results show that TNF alpha inhibitors are highly and rapidly efficient in all BD manifestations. Although tolerance seems satisfactory, infliximab is associated with more frequent and more serious side effects. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5903
Targeting EGFR in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wells A. Messersmith, Dennis J. Ahnen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In the United States, cancer is the most common cause of death among people under the age of 85 years, and colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer.1 Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has until recently typically consisted of the empirical use of cytotoxic agents guided by the results of controlled clinical trials. Cancer therapy has now entered a new era, however, owing to remarkable advances in our understanding of the nature of molecular and biochemical events involved in the process of carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Biologically targeted therapies are now commonly used as part of . . .
Comprehensive evaluation of time‐to‐response parameter as a predictor of treatment failure following imatinib therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: Which parameter at which time‐point does matter?
Authors: Dong Hwan (Dennis) Kim, Lakshmi Sriharsha, Chul Won Jung, Suzanne Kamel‐Reid, Jerald P. Radich, Jeffrey H. Lipton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Early recognition of high-risk patient is important to improve long-term outcomes following imatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Some controversy surrounds the question, which of short-term response parameters at which time-point, including complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) or major molecular response (MMR) at 6 or 12 months, is the best predictor for treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive analysis, we adopted landmark analysis method, time-dependent Cox's proportional hazard model, and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) method to analyze time-to-response parameter as predictor of long-term outcomes in 187 chronic phase (CP) CML patients. Regardless of the methods of analysis, earlier achievement of short-term response such as CCyR or MMR could predict the higher probability of achieving better interim outcome (such as treatment failure or loss of response [LOR]). Similar to the findings from other studies, our ROC analysis provided cutoff time points for MMR (18-36 months) and CCyR (6-12 months) that were the best predictors for LOR or treatment failure, which can be an indirect evidence supporting the ELN recommendation. The patient who achieves short-term response rapidly will have a lower risk of losing response or failing after imatinib therapy in CML patients.
Actue tetrachloroethylene intoxication
Authors: R. D. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A workman wearing a chemical respirator was discovered unconscious in a tank car shortly after he had entered to clean it with the solvent, tetrachloroethylene. Infrared analysis of his breath revealed a high concentration of tetrachloroethylene and showed he had been exposed to an anesthetic vapor concentration inside his respirator. The analysis indicated the probable diagnosis from a long list of possible causes of unconsciousness. The brief, but acute vapor exposure caused mild chemical hepatitis over the next ten days.
Indoor Radon and Lung Cancer
Authors: Jonathan M. Samet, Anthony V. Nero
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Radon has recently become recognized as a potentially important cause of lung cancer in the general population. This chemically inert gas, which has been linked causally to lung cancer in miners of uranium and other underground minerals, occurs in nature as a decay product of radium-226, the fifth daughter of uranium-238. Although radon concentrations vary widely,1 the uranium-decay series is present in virtually all soil and rock. As radon forms, some atoms leave the soil or rock and enter the surrounding air or water. Because radon is chemically inert and has a half-life of approximately four days in which to . . .
THE TREATMENT OF OTITIC SEPTICEMIA.
Authors: B. ALEX RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The distinction which has been made between perforative and non-perforative inflammation of the middle ear or between its purulent and its catarrhal form is usually well grounded, and coincides with the differences of septic or non-septic involvement. Like all rules, however, this has its exceptions, and cases lacking all evidence of purulency can go on to the most serious results in a way that justifies us in urging that every case of middle ear inflammation shall at first be dealt with as though the outlook was serious in the extreme. Several of the most important deaths which have occurred in my experience have been in cases where tympanic symptoms were moderate, trivial or even apparently absent, yet meningitis or intracranial purulency developed with fatal results. This question, therefore, of the septic character of a tympanic involvement must at times be inferred, in spite of the symptoms, rather than by their
Adenoviruses 16 and CV23 Efficiently Transduce Human Low-passage Brain Tumor and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Johan Skog, Karin Edlund, A Tommy Bergenheim, Göran Wadell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Most clinical protocols involving adenovirus (Ad) vectors for gene therapy use a vector based on serotype 5 (Ad5). We believe that this serotype is not suitable for all gene therapy applications and that alternative vectors based on other serotypes should be developed. We have compared the ability of Ad5, Ad11p, Ad16p, and a chimpanzee Ad (CV23) to infect human low-passage brain tumor cells as well as primary glioma cells sorted into a CD133(+) and CD133(-) population. Cancer stem cells have been shown to reside in the CD133(+) population of cells in human glioma tumors and they are of considerable interest in glioma therapy. Ad16p and CV23 infected the low-passage brain tumor cell lines and also the CD133(+) and CD133(-) primary tumor cells most efficiently. Interestingly, as the passage number of the cells increased, the infection capacity of Ad5 increased significantly, whereas this was not seen for CV23. To ensure the therapeutic effect of Ad vectors on brain tumors, the vector must be capable of addressing both the CD133(+) cancer stem cells and the CD133(-) cells of the tumor. In particular, Ad16 and CV23 are meeting this challenge.
Effects of growth hormone treatment on arginine to asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio and endothelial function in patients with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Emanuela Setola, Lucilla D. Monti, Roberto Lanzi, Pietro Lucotti, Marco Losa, Elisa Gatti, Elena Galluccio, Matteo Oldani, Isabella Fermo, Massimo Giovannelli, Emanuele Bosi, PierMarco Piatti
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Human Growth Hormone and Human Aging
Authors: EMILIANO CORPAS, S. MITCHELL HARMAN, MARC R. BLACKMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

UNTIL recently, there has been little scientific inquiry into the physiological significance of, and possible therapy for, GH deficiency in adulthood. This was because the lack of efficacy in humans of animal-derived (e.g.1 bovine or porcine) GH and the limited supply of human cadaveric GH restricted use of exogenous GH to treatment of GHdeficient children. The availability of recombinant human GH (rhGH) has led to a renewal of scientific and clinical interest in investigating wider indications for GH administration. It is now recognized that GH deficiency may exert adverse metabolic effects in adults with panhypopituitarism, and that these effects can be reversed or attenuated by treatment with rhGH (1, 2). Recently, it has also become apparent that, with advancing age, an increasing proportion of men and women with no clinical evidence of pituitary pathology show decreases in GH secretion and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (3, 4). Because GH deficiency (1, 2) and normal aging (5) are both associated with decreases in protein synthesis and percent of lean body and bone mass, and with increases in percent of body fat, it is possible that reduced GH secretion and IGF-I levels might account, at least in part, for one or more of the above effects of aging, and that some older people might benefit from treatment with rhGH. In this regard, in several recent studies, administration of rhGH for periods varying from a few weeks to 6 months has resulted in improvements in nitrogen balance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in percent body fat in older persons with low IGF-I levels (3, 4, 6, 7). We review herein the published work describing the alterations in GH and IGF-I production with increasing age, and the methods, benefits, and risks of GH treatment of older persons in the light of new knowledge regarding basic physiology of GH secretion and action. We also attempt to point out areas requiring further investigations.
FOOD FEVER IN CHILDREN
Authors: E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1906)

explaniationi of the arterial spasmn whlichl up to the present time lhas beel offered has been, to use Sir R. Douglas Powell's words, that of " a pure neurosis of the cardio- vascular system."Owing to the varying' degree of intensity of the symiiptoms I would suggest that in.classifying the cases the simplest distinctioni might be found in the terms " angilia pectoris major" anid " ainginia pectoris minior," the former being confined to those cases in wlhich there was believe(d to be permanaent anatomical clhanige in the lheart or its vessels.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Medical Aspects and Psychological Management
Authors: Sally L. Davidson Ward
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book reviews both the medical and psychological aspects of sudden infant death syndrome. As SIDS is the most common cause of death between the ages of one month and one year, this is an extremely important text that should be utilized by a large audience. Edited by two psychologists, Drs Cubertson and Bendell, and a pathologist, Dr Krous, all of whom have expertise in the field of SIDS, the book is divided into two parts and contains 12 chapters. There are 12 other contributing authors, nearly all of whom have a national reputation in this area. A brief sketch of each author's credentials and institutional affiliation is listed. A historical picture of the efforts over the past three decades to bring SIDS to the attention of researchers, federal agencies, and professional health care workers is provided in a foreword by Marie Valdes-Dapena, MD. This book fills a void by
NC-06 * AWAKE CRANIOTOMY TO MAXIMIZE GLIOMA RESECTION: METHODS AND TECHNICAL NUANCES
Authors: S. Hervey-Jumper, J. Li, D. Lau, A. Molinaro, D. Perry, L. Meng, M. Berger
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Awake craniotomy is the gold standard for the identification and preservation of functional areas. The goal of this study was to analyze a single surgeon's experience and the evolving methodology of awake language and sensorimotor mapping for glioma surgery to maximize perioperative safety. METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients from 1986-2013 undergoing awake brain tumor surgery. Perioperative risk factors and complications were assessed using 611 cases. RESULTS: Median patient age was 42 years (range, 13-84 years). Sixty percent of patients had KPS scores of 90-100, and 40% had KPS scores under 80. Fifty-five percent of patients received surgery for high-grade gliomas, 42% for low-grade gliomas, 1% for metastatic lesions, and 2% for other lesions (cortical dysplasia, encephalitis, necrosis, abscess, hemangioma). The majority of patients were ASA class 1 or 2 (mild systemic disease). Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used in 8 patients (1%), and was most commonly used for large vascular tumors with more than 2 cm of mass effect. The most common sedation regimen was propofol plus remifentanil (PR; 54%); however, 42% required an adjustment to the initial sedation regimen before skin incision. Mannitol was used in 54% of cases. Twelve percent of patients were active smokers at the time of surgery, which did not impact intraoperative mapping procedure failure. Stimulation-induced seizures occurred in 3% of patients and were rapidly terminated with ice-cold Ringer's solution. Preoperative seizure history and tumor location were associated with an increased incidence of stimulation-induced seizures. Mapping was aborted in 3 cases (0.5%) due to intraoperative seizures and patient emotional intolerance. The overall perioperative complication rate was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Awake brain tumor surgery can be safely performed with low complication and failure rates regardless of ASA classification, Mallampati score, body mass index, smoking status, psychiatric history, seizure history, tumor site, or tumor pathology.
SYSTEMIC BUT NOT LOCAL BLEEDING IS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Amit P. Amin, Adam C. Salisbury, Paul S. Chan, Richard G. Bach, John C. Messenger, P. Michael Ho, Tracy Wang, Karen Alexander, Lakshmi Venkitachalam, Kevin F. Kennedy, David J. Cohen, John A. Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Advances in Internal Medicine. vol. XI
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In the past 20 years there have been 11 volumes of this work under the joint editorship of Drs. Dock and Snapper. The volumes have been planned so that recent outstanding advances in internal medicine are presented by leading authorities in each of the special subjects. The current volume discusses hepatic coma by G. J. Gabuzda, natural history and therapy of acute glomerulonephritis by D. S. Kushner, viral etiology of leukemia by B. P. Maduros and S. O. Schwartz, control of cholesterol metabolism by B. B. Migicovsky, studies of serum calcium regulation by W. P. Laird Myers, analogues and derivatives of thyroxine by R. W. Rawson, current concepts of diabetic microangiopathy by H. Rifkin et al., and the metabolism of the normal and the failing heart by J. T. Stewart et al. The format of each chapter is essentially the same. The individual authors review the subject, summarize and interpret