tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in patients with long-established ileostomies
Authors: N. D. Gallagher, D. D. Harrison, A. P. Skyring
Journal: Gut (1962)

Salt and water depletion has been noted in 10 patients with long-established ileostomies. Marked renal conservation of sodium and water was present in a number of apparently healthy ileostomy patients. The sodium and potassium concentrations of ileostomy material showed little variation when these patients were in good health but there was a decrease in the sodium concentration and an increase in the potassium concentration during episodes of salt depletion. Greater attention needs to be paid to the fluid and electrolyte requirements of ileostomy patients after they have left hospital.
Haemolytic anaemia after cisplatin treatment.
Authors: J A Levi, R S Aroney, D N Dalley
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Normochromic or normocytic anaemia is a common side effect of treatment with cisplatin. Two patients treated with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 in combination with vinblastine, bleomycin, and actinomycin D developed haemolytic anaemia. Neither patient had evidence of haemolysis before treatment, and in both cases severe haemolytic anaemia developed after several courses of cisplatin and when the cancer had regressed almost completely. The importance of haemolysis in the development of anaemia after cisplatin treatment has not been investigated fully and further studies are needed.
RENAL FUNCTION AND ELECTROLYTE METABOLISM IN ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 1
Authors: D. P. Earle, S. J. Farber, J. D. Alexander, E. D. Pellegrino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Glomerular changes are perhaps the most out- standing anatomical lesions of acute glomerulonephritis.The glomerular tuft usually exhibits increased cellularity with deposits of fibrin or in- flammatory exudate in the capsular space.The capsule and basement membranes may become thickened but the arterioles and renal tubules appear relatively normal in the early phases of the disease.Several papers describe a characteristic functional pattern for acute glomerulonephritis which reflects the dominant glomerular lesion (14).The purpose of the present paper is to describe the relation of changes in renal functions to the development of the clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis and of the exacerbation in chronic glomerulonephritis, especially in regard to water and electrolyte metabolism.The renal func- tions measured include glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and maximum capacity of the renal tubules to excrete p-aminohippurate (TmpAH) or to reabsorb glucose (TmG). CASE MATERIALFacts relative to the diagnosis and onset of the disease for each patient are summarized in Table I.Elevated antistreptolysin titers (5) indicated a recent group A he- molytic streptococcal infection in 10 instances.Evi- dence of prior renal disease was absent in the eight pa- tients classified as acute glomerulonephritis.Several may have had unrecognized chronic glomerulonephritis and their acute attack may have been an exacerbation rather than the initial attack.However, initial attacks seem likely in the five episodes that "healed" 2 and in the two 1 Supported by a grant from the Life Insurance Medical Research Fund.2 Only relatively short follow-up periods were possible in the majority of the patients comprising this study.Thus, certain differentiation between complete healing and the development of chronicity following acute glo- merulonephritis was difficult and sometimes impossible (6).However, patients 9, 10 and 11 were known to have chronic glomerulonephritis for one or more years patients whose urine and blood pressure were normal 16 and 35 days before the onset of signs and symptoms
Systolic time intervals in children: normal standards for clinical use.
Authors: A Cantor, K L Wanderman, T Karolevitch, I Ovsyshcher, M Gueron
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Systolic time intervals were measured in 253 normal children, with careful attention to precise recording and measuring techniques, to derive regression equations which could be used as reliable standards for clinical assessment of left ventricular performance in this age group. Using stepwise regression analysis, a highly significant correlation was found for electromechanical systole (QS2) and for left ventricular ejection time (LVET) with heart rate alone in both males and females, and age was not found to be a relevant variable. Similarly, for the preejection period (PEP) in males, heart rate was the only relevant variable. PEP in females showed a small but significant influence of age in addition to heart rate; in practice, this small influence can be neglected. Regression equations relating each of the systolic time intervals to heart rate alone were therefore derived for clinical use. The PEP/LVET ratio was found to be only weakly correlated with heart rate in males and with age in females, and in practice can be considered to be independent of these variables. The mean value of the PEP/LVET ratio and its standard deviation (0.30 +/- 0.04) can therefore be used for all children. We found that satisfactory recording of systolic time intervals can be obtained with little difficulty in almost all children using the techniques described. The method is therefore practical for clinical use in children, as it is in adults, and the normal standards derived in this study can serve as a reliable basis for its application.
Intramuscular Metastasis of Endometrial Carcinoma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Linh Ho, Sindu Sheth, John Seto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report the F-18 FDG PET/CT appearance of biopsy proven intramuscular metastasis from primary endometrial carcinoma. The patient is a 70-year-old woman initially diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, status post total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and pelvic node dissection. Restaging PET/CT study performed 1 year later demonstrated extensive metastatic disease involving the intramuscular region of the right neck, right kidney, pancreas, left adrenal gland, lungs, lymph nodes, and bone. The lesion in the right neck intramuscular region was subsequently biopsied and interpreted as consistent with metastasis from an endometrial primary. Metastasis to the skeletal muscle from the primary endometrial carcinoma is a rare entity. Knowledge of this rare metastatic site will help the interpreting physician make the correct diagnosis.
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment With Src Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Alicia S. Chung, Napoleone Ferrara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although most cancer therapies are directed against tumor cells, an emerging area of cancer therapeutics focuses on targeting cells of the tumor microenvironment. Inhibiting the Src family kinase with dasatinib decreases tumor growth through inhibiting growth of tumor-associated endothelial and myeloid cells. Clin Cancer Res; 16(3); 775–7
Novel consent process for research in dying patients unable to give consent
Authors: E. Rees
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To develop a process of advance consent to enable research to be undertaken in patients in the terminal phase. <b>Design</b> Feasibility study of an advance consent process to support a randomised controlled trial of two antimuscarinic drugs (hyoscine hydrobromide and glycopyrronium bromide) in the management of noisy respirations associated with retained secretions (“death rattle”). <b>Setting</b> Palliative care wards in a major cancer centre. <b>Participants</b> Patients admitted to a palliative care ward who may develop “death rattle” and thus be eligible for randomisation. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Patient accrual; acceptability of the consent process. <b>Results</b> Of the 107 patients approached, 58 patients gave advance consent to participate in the study. Of these, 15 patients developed death rattle and were randomised to receive either hyoscine or glycopyrronium; 16 patients died elsewhere; 15 patients died on the palliative care wards but were not randomised; 12 patients are still alive. <b>Conclusions</b> Initial assessment suggests that this is a workable consent process allowing research to be undertaken in patients who are unable to give consent at the time of randomisation. Patient accrual rates to date are lower than needed to recruit adequate numbers in the time allotted to answer the research question.
Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders
Authors: John E. Engle
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The third edition of Rose's<i>Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders</i>builds on the strengths of its predecessors. It includes additional material about advances in the understanding of renal physiology and updates the clinical information. Although it is a relatively lengthy book, its superb organization makes it useful for a wide variety of readers. The first three sections review the physiology of body fluids, normal renal function, and the interaction of renal and extrarenal factors that affect fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. The fourth and last section, devoted to clinical disorders, comprises more than half of the book. It contains comprehensive discussions of mechanisms involved in disturbances of extracelluar fluid volume, electrolytes, and acid-base balance, with the rationale for treatment of these disorders. A separate chapter is devoted to each clinically significant disorder. <i>Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders</i>is directed toward readers ranging from medical students learning
Solitary Jejunal Metastasis Twenty Years after Removal of a Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Arnold Starr, Gerald M. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT IS well known that metastasis from a carcinoma of the kidney may occur many years after removal of the primary tumor.1 2 3 The following example is reported because of the extraordinary interval between removal of the primary tumor and its recurrence and because of the unusual site of the metastasis. An additional feature of interest in this case was the occurrence of other benign ami malignant tumors.Case ReportMrs. E. A. (B.I.H. No. 18596) was 52 years old when she had a right nephrectomy in September, 1931, for a hypernephroma, The symptoms and signs were of 8 months' duration. . . .
Abstract PD6-8: Prognostic value of disseminated tumor cells according to ER/PR and HER2 status in non-metastatic breast cancer
Authors: JS Lee, MJM Magbanua, AP Moore, LJ Esserman, JW Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow from breast cancer patients have been reported as a prognostic factor. We evaluated prognostic value of DTCs in non-metastatic breast cancer according to ER/PR and HER2 status. Methods: Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from 607 non-metastatic breast cancer patients at the time of primary surgery between 1999 and 2012. DTCs were identified via immunomagnetic enrichment followed by flow cytometry (IE/FC) using anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody (mAb). The relation between high DTC count and clinical outcome was analyzed with ER/PR and HER2 status. Patients whose DTC count is in the above 80th percentile were considered as higher DTCs. Results: Median and mean DTC count were 7.2 and 24.5 cells/mL and 80th percentile was 18.5 cells/mL. Higher DTC group (&amp;gt; = 18.5 cells/mL) showed impaired disease free survival (DFS; P = .019, log-rank) after median follow-up of 59 months. This poorer outcome in higher DTC group was observed mainly in ER(-) patients and triple negative patients with lower DFS (P = .002 and 018) and overall survival (OS; P = .004 and .012). There was no significant survival difference in ER(+), HER2(+), or ER(+)/HER2(-) patients. Conclusion: High DTCs in non-metastatic breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome, especially in ER(-) or triple negative patients. However, DTCs is not related with prognosis in other ER/HER2 status groups. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD6-8.
The Bradshaw Lecture on Antiseptics in Surgery
Authors: J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1885)

TuF: appointment to the Bradshawe Lectureship, which has brought with it my pr-sent duty, I estimate as the expression of a confidence which is inost grateful, though I am bound to consider it as also flattering, to me.To follow in the steps of eminent masters in the art of didactic expression, not less than in the faculty of thinking, who have preceded me in this function, cannot but be a valid reasn for feeling somewhat abashed, as well as
Impact of rapid screening tests on acquisition of meticillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : cluster randomised crossover trial
Authors: Dakshika Jeyaratnam, Christopher J M Whitty, Katie Phillips, Dongmei Liu, Christina Orezzi, Uchechukwu Ajoku, Gary L French
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To determine whether introducing a rapid test for meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening leads to a reduction in MRSA acquisition on hospital general wards.Cluster randomised crossover trial.Medical, surgical, elderly care, and oncology wards of a London teaching hospital on two sites.MRSA acquisition rate (proportion of patients negative for MRSA who became MRSA positive).All patients admitted to the study wards who were MRSA negative on admission and screened for MRSA on discharge.Rapid polymerase chain reaction based screening test for MRSA compared with conventional culture.Of 9608 patients admitted to study wards, 8374 met entry criteria and 6888 had full data (82.3%); 3335 in the control arm and 3553 in the rapid test arm. The overall MRSA carriage rate on admission was 6.7%. Rapid tests led to a reduction in median reporting time from admission, from 46 to 22 hours (P<0.001). Rapid testing also reduced the number of inappropriate pre-emptive isolation days between the control and intervention arms (399 v 277, P<0.001). This was not seen in other measurements of resource use. MRSA was acquired by 108 (3.2%) patients in the control arm and 99 (2.8%) in the intervention arm. When predefined confounding factors were taken into account the adjusted odds ratio was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.234). Rates of MRSA transmission, wound infection, and bacteraemia were not statistically different between the two arms.A rapid test for MRSA led to the quick receipt of results and had an impact on bed usage. No evidence was found of a significant reduction in MRSA acquisition and on these data it is unlikely that the increased costs of rapid tests can be justified compared with alternative control measures against MRSA.Clinical controlled trials ISRCTN75590122 [controlled-trials.com].
Abstract P2-07-01: Polymorphism A247S of XRCC4 contributes to the risk of breast cancer and impairs DNA damage repair pathway
Authors: M He, X Hu, A-Y Cao, K-D Yu, Z-M Shao, G-H Di
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genetic variations in a network of genes involved in DNA double strand breaks (DSB) repair pathway have been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. XRCC4 is identified as a pivotal modulator in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), a predominant DSB repair pathway. In this study, we evaluated the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in XRCC4 and breast cancer, and investigated the impact of XRCC4A247S variant on nuclear localization and DNA damage response functions of XRCC4. A hospital-based case-control study, comprising 412 breast cancer patients and 458 cancer-free controls recruited from Shanghai Cancer Center, was conducted to investigate the relationship between common polymorphisms in XRCC4 and the risk of breast cancer. Our results showed that XRCC4A247S polymorphism (rs3734091), located near the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) of XRCC4, was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer in a recessive genetic model (Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-4.52; P = 0.042). This homogeneous variant was more often observed in triple negative subtype (Adjusted OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.34 - 3.58 in the recessive model; P = 0.036). Although XRCC4A247S variant did not harm its interactions with XLF and ligase IV (the other two components of DNA ligase complex), we revealed that A247S alteration partially impaired the nuclear localization of XRCC4 in mammary cells. Remarkably, more evidences implied that XRCC4A247S variant significantly reduced the in vivo NHEJ repair efficiency compared to the wild-type XRCC4 via colony formation assay and NHEJ reporter assay, suggesting that reduced nuclear accumulation by XRCC4A247S variant impaired its functions in response to DNA damage. Importantly, XRCC4A247S alternation promoted cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and DNA damaging agents in chemotherapy. Taken together, this study demonstrates that genetic variation of XRCC4A247S could impair NHEJ mediated DSB repair and provide further evidences that genetic variants involved in DNA repair pathways contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. In addition, our results also indicate that XRCC4A247S variant might be a potential predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-07-01.
Expression of eotaxin by human lung epithelial cells: induction by cytokines and inhibition by glucocorticoids.
Authors: C M Lilly, H Nakamura, H Kesselman, C Nagler-Anderson, K Asano, E A Garcia-Zepeda, M E Rothenberg, J M Drazen, A D Luster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Eotaxin is a potent and specific eosinophil chemoattractant that is mobilized in the respiratory epithelium after allergic stimulation. Pulmonary levels of eotaxin mRNA are known to increase after allergen exposure in sensitized animals. In this study we demonstrate that TNF alpha and IL-1beta induce the accumulation of eotaxin mRNA in the pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS 2B in a dose-dependent manner. Cytokine-induced A549 cell mRNA accumulation was maximal at 4 h and was significantly enhanced when the cells were costimulated with IFNgamma. TNFalpha- and IL-1beta-induced increases in eotaxin mRNA were diminished in a dose-dependent manner by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone and were augmented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Cytokine-induced increases in eotaxin mRNA expression correlated with increased eotaxin protein production and secretion, and dexamethasone inhibition of cytokine-induced eotaxin mRNA augmentation was associated with diminished eotaxin protein secretion. These findings, together with the known kinetics of TNF alpha and IL-1beta mobilization in asthmatic airways and the potent eosinophil chemotactic effects of eotaxin, define a mechanism linking inflammatory cytokine mobilization to eosinophil recruitment that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma.
TCT-774 Ten Year Experience with Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects Using the Amplatzer Asymmetric Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder in Children
Authors: Vasileios Thanopoulos, Andreas Giannopoulos, George Tsaousis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
HYPERSENSITIVENESS AFTER ANTITOXIN
Authors: Robert W. Lamson
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Three articles (Gatewood, W. E., and Baldridge, C. W.: Tissue Hypersensitiveness Following the Administration of Toxin-Antitoxin,The Journal, April 2, p. 1068. Lathrop, F. W.: Sensitization to Horse Serum Following Toxin-Antitoxin Injection, November 5, p. 1602. Queries and Minor Notes, November 5, p. 1625) concerning the development of hypersensitivity after prophylactic injections of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin have appeared in recent issues ofThe Journal. The interpretations by these authors justify more than passing consideration. The fact that a significant number of persons may be both skin and clinically hypersensitive to horse serum was established long before the toxin-antitoxin mixture came into use. It was estimated that about 10 per cent of persons developed some manifestations of "serum sickness" when small doses (10 cc. or less) of serum were injected, but when 90 cc. or more was used the disease was more severe and more than 75 per cent
Physician's use of laparoscopy.
Authors: R E Barry, P Brown, A E Read
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The role of laparoscopy in medical practice was assessed by studying 238 consecutive laparoscopies performed under local anaesthesia by physicians in a single teaching hospital. Indications for laparoscopy were assessment of possible and known hepatic disease, possible disseminated abdominal malignancy, abdominal mass, and conditions such as ascites and splenomegaly. A definitive diagnosis was reached in 223 cases (76.5%). No organic disease was detected in 41 patients, though findings were false-negative in two of them (0.8%). The procedure failed in 15 (6.3%), mostly because adhesions from previous surgery hindered adequate visualisation. Six patients (2.5%) had complications, one of whom subsequently died. If patients are appropriately selected laparoscopy is relatively free of postoperative complications, and is an effective diagnostic procedure in abdominal malignancy and decompensated liver disease. Cost-effectiveness is an additional advantage.
Tuberculosis in Kenya
Authors: W. S. Haynes
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The results of methoin treatment in 24 cases of major and psychomotor epilepsy are described.A reduction of 70% or more in fits occurred in 40% of major epilepsy cases, and in 31% of patients with psychomotor epilepsy.Details of E.E.G. changes due to the drug are given.Toxic effects, including a fatal aplastic anaemia in one case, are described.The value and limitations of methoin are discussed.It is a pleasure to record the help of Dr. Denis Hill, at whose suggestion the trial was undertaken.I am also indebted to Dr. T. V. Mendelsohn for his detailed report on the fatal case, and to the Department of Clinical Pathology at the Maudsley Hospital for carrying out the large number of routine blood tests.
1089 ASSOCIATION OF COMMON P53 AND MDM2 VARIANTS WITH SPONTANEOUS AND TREATMENT INDUCED VIRAL CLEARANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: V. Zimmer, F. Grünhage, M. Krawczyk, G. Assmann, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
“Transparency Reports” on Industry Payments to Physicians and Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Robert Steinbrook, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Eosinophil-rich human polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations characteristically release leukotriene C4 on ionophore A23187 challenge
Authors: Pierre Borgeat, Bernard Fruteau de Laclos, Hélène Rabinovitch, Serge Picard, Pierre Braquet, Jacques Hébert, Michel Laviolette
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1984)