tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Viewpoint: Policy Requirements for Protecting Wildlife from Endocrine Disruptors
Authors: Gwynne Lyons
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Man-made endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present a threat to biodiversity, even in remote areas. To date, numerous wildlife species have been affected by EDCs in the environment, but it is likely that many more species are suffering effects that have not yet been reported. Impaired reproduction, damaged brain function, and deficits of the immune system are of particular concern. In order to bring all endocrine-disrupting chemicals under control, the development of screens and tests to identify EDCs must be expedited. However, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) considers that sufficient information is already available to merit action on several such substances. In addition, it must be recognized that proving the mechanism of action for some chemicals may take decades. Therefore, it is important to enable certain chemicals to be brought under stricter control on the basis of strong suspicion of endocrine disruption or biochemical signaling disruption. Furthermore, the risk assessment process itself also must be modified, and some suggestions are discussed in this article. WWF maintains that any effect that could reasonably be expected to affect the population level should be taken forward in environmental risk characterization, in particular, behavioral effects should be given more consideration. Current chemical management policies are not protective, and we argue for modifications in them to be made.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEREDITARY BLINDNESS
Authors: William T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It seems proper that this committee should report as to its efforts during the last three years for the control of hereditary blindness, especially as it becomes desirable now to obtain more exact estimates than before of the real number thus afflicted, and their cost. To do that it is necessary to recall a few familiar facts and then show why and how this question of cost can be determined. 1. Clinical records show that at least thirty-four defects of the eye, including the lids and muscles, have been found to be distinctly hereditary. Of these, at least eight are apt to produce practical blindness—either directly or indirectly. The principal defects in this group are corneal degeneration, persistent pupillary membrane, certain forms of cataract, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, optic atrophy, retrobulbar neuritis, blindness with idiocy, buphthalmos and microphthalmia. 2. In our report in 1921, reasons were given for estimating
House dust mite allergy and atopic eczema:a case report
Authors: R.StC. BARNETSON, H.A.F. MACFARLANE, E.C. BENTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article House dust mite allergy and atopic eczema:a case report Get access R.StC. BARNETSON, R.StC. BARNETSON University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH39YW, U.K. Dr. R. StC. Barnetson. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.A.F. MACFARLANE, H.A.F. MACFARLANE University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH39YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.C. BENTON E.C. BENTON University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH39YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 6, 1 June 1987, Pages 857–860, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04905.x Published: 01 June 1987
New Soluble-Formazan Assay for HIV-1 Cytopathic Effects: Application to High-Flux Screening of Synthetic and Natural Products for AIDS-Antiviral Activity
Authors: Owen S. Weislow, Rebecca Kiser, Donald L. Fine, John Bader, Robert H. Shoemaker, Michael R. Boyd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article New Soluble-Formazan Assay for HIV-1 Cytopathic Effects: Application to High-Flux Screening of Synthetic and Natural Products for AIDS-Antiviral Activity Get access Owen S. Weislow, Owen S. Weislow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rebecca Kiser, Rebecca Kiser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald L. Fine, Donald L. Fine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Bader, John Bader Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert H. Shoemaker, Robert H. Shoemaker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Boyd Michael R. Boyd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 577–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.577 Published: 19 April 1989 Article history Received: 12 January 1989 Accepted: 23 January 1989 Published: 19 April 1989
Chloride/Phosphorus Ratio and Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: M. DÍAZ-CURIEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1977Chloride/Phosphorus Ratio and HyperparathyroidismM. DÍAZ-CURIEL, M.D., J.M. CASTRILLO, M.D., A. RAPADO, M.D.M. DÍAZ-CURIEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J.M. CASTRILLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. RAPADO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-251 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The value of plasma chloride in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia has been reported since 1963 (1). In 1974, Palmer and associates (2), and later on, other authors (3, 4) have confirmed the value of the chloride/phosphorus ratio (Cl/PO4) to differentiate primary hyperparathyroidism from other causes of hypercalcemia. More recently Pak and Townsend (5), however, have studied the Cl/PO4 ratio in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in control subjects; they found significant differences, although a wide overlap of values, in the two groups. This finding questions the usefulness of the ratio.We have studied the Cl/PO4ratio...References1. WILLS M: Value of plasma chloride concentration and acid-base status in the differential diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism from other causes of hypercalcemia. J Clin Pathol 24:219-227, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PALMERNELSONBACCHUS FJH: The chloride-phosphate ratio in hypercalcemia. Ann Intern Med 80:200-204, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar3. DRAGOROHNERSANFORD JTE: Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Urology 7:4-6, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. REEVESPALMERBACCHUS CFH: Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia by the chloride/phosphate ratio. Am J Surg 130:166-171, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PAKTOWNSEND CJ: Chloride/phosphorus in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 85:830, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Unidad Metabólica Fundación Jiménez Díaz Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCarbohydrates 1 August 1977Volume 87, Issue 2Page: 251-251KeywordsBlood plasmaChloridesHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidism Issue Published: 1 August 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
New Hypotheses. Transvaginal progesterone: evidence for a new functional 'portal system' flowing from the vagina to the uterus
Authors: E Cicinelli, D de Ziegler
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The results of many recent experimental and clinical studies support the hypothesis that progesterone administered vaginally is distributed selectively to the uterus where tissue concentrations and effects exceed expectations. This phenomenon has multiple clinical implications in several fields of gynaecological endocrinology, notably in assisted reproductive treatments and new forms of hormone replacement therapy. Yet, the actual mechanisms by which vaginal administration of progesterone can induce higher concentrations in the uterus, despite low concentrations in the systemic circulation, remain obscure and most puzzling to many gynaecologists. This review aims to muster ideas and propose different mechanisms to explain the observed phenomenon. In particular, we will summarize data that support the various putative modes of transport including, direct diffusion through tissue, intracervical aspiration, absorption into the venous or lymphatic circulatory systems and countercurrent vascular exchange with diffusion from utero-vaginal veins/lymph vessels to arteries. All these mechanisms may concur to various extents to the uterine specificity of vaginal progesterone.
A dihydropyridine (Bay k 8644) that enhances calcium currents in guinea pig and calf myocardial cells. A new type of positive inotropic agent.
Authors: G Thomas, M Chung, C J Cohen
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Bay k 8644 is a structural analog of nifedipine with positive inotropic activity. The mechanism of drug action was evaluated by measuring the effects of Bay k 8644 on twitch tension, action potential configuration, and calcium channel currents in myocardial cells. Bay k 8644 increases twitch tension in guinea pig atria without changing the time course of tension development. The drug does not occlude the effect of isoproterenol on twitch tension. The effects of Bay k 8644 on atrial twitch tension are highly dependent on the frequency of stimulation. Maximal inotropic effects are observed at approximately 0.5 Hz, but no inotropic effect occurs at 0.003 Hz (a rested-state contraction). Since positive inotropic effects only occur with frequent electrical stimulation, they are not due to an intracellular action or to mechanisms that elevate cell calcium in quiescent muscle, such as inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase. Bay k 8644 increases the action potential duration of calf ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. Effects on action potential duration are occluded by 1 microM nisoldipine, which specifically blocks calcium channels. The interaction of Bay k 8644 with calcium channels in calf Purkinje fibers was studied using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Strontium was used as a charge carrier to minimize current through calcium-activated channels and to avoid changes in calcium conductance due to changes in intracellular calcium. Bay k 8644 increases strontium currents and alters the time- and voltage-dependence of channel opening. The greatest percent increase in strontium current occurs for weak depolarizations. For strong depolarizations, strontium current is increased most at the beginning of a test pulse. The drug-induced changes in calcium channel gating are inconsistent with a calcium- or cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated effect, and indicate a novel mechanism of action on calcium channels. Thus, Bay k 8644 is the first positive inotropic agent shown to act specifically and directly on calcium channels.
Abstract 2240: Clinical significance of <i>CEA, PRL3</i> and <i>EZH2</i> transcripts expressed in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Alain E. Lagarde, Caroline Wood, Maha Guindi, Hartley S. Stern
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: The role of micrometastases detected immunologically and molecularly in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients remains elusive. We investigated the prognostic significance of CEA, PRL3 and EZH2 expressed in lymph nodes of 42 pathologically node-negative (pN0) colorectal patients and 13 stage III/IV patients as controls. Seventeen pN0 patients (40%) received adjuvant therapy after curative surgery. Experimental design: CEA, PRL3 and EZH2 transcripts were amplified by reverse transcription PCR in nearly 600 paraffin embedded lymph nodes. On average 9.7 ± 5.7 nodes were harvested per case. After 55 months median follow-up, gene expression was correlated with recurrence-free (RFS), overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test for comparison. Results: The proportion of cases demonstrating CEA+, PRL3+ and EZH2+lymph node expression increased from stage I to III/IV and reached 71%, 76% and 26% respectively in the pN0 group. EZH2 had no significant prognostic value among pN0 patients. Disease progressed more rapidly (50% DFS at 30 versus 53 months) in EZH2+ than EZH2- node-positive patients. CEA+ was associated with ∼18% lower RFS/OS, and 8% lower DFS than CEA- among therapeutically-untreated patients, those with colon and with stage II tumors. pN0 patients with PRL3+ nodes had better outcomes than PRL3- cases (DFS, P= 0.059), namely in the colorectal (OS, P= 0.056; DFS, P= 0.12), colon (DFS, P= 0.056) and stage II tumor in the non-adjuvant settings (DFS, P= 0.0047). Conclusions: Lymph node expression of the PRL3 phosphatase gene predicted more favorable outcomes for pN0 colorectal cancer patients. The role of CEA as an adverse predictor of survival was confirmed albeit less significant than previously reported. Neither CEA nor PRL3 nodal expression was predictive of rectal cancer recurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2240.
Sweat antigen induces histamine release from basophils of patients with cholinergic urticaria associated with atopic diathesis
Authors: S. Takahagi, T. Tanaka, K. Ishii, H. Suzuki, Y. Kameyoshi, H. Shindo, M. Hide
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

We previously demonstrated that the semipurified human sweat antigen causes skin reactions and histamine release from basophils via specific IgE in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Patients with cholinergic urticaria (ChU) also develop skin reactions and histamine release of basophils in response to autologous sweat.To study whether or not patients with ChU share sensitivity for the sweat antigen with patients with AD and to study the clinical characteristics among patients with ChU and the relationship with histamine-release activity of basophils.The sweat antigen that induces histamine release from basophils of patients with AD was prepared by Con-A, anion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. Relationships between histamine-release activity against the sweat antigen and clinical features of patients with ChU were analysed.Twenty-three of 35 patients with ChU showed > 5% net histamine release in response to the semipurified sweat antigen, whereas none of healthy controls did so. In patients with ChU, histamine release in response to semipurified sweat antigen significantly correlated with the level of serum IgE and eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood. Incidence of each atopic disease in patients with ChU tended to be higher than in the general Japanese population. When the patients were categorized according to their responses in the histamine release test, the positive group tended to show a higher incidence of AD and bronchial asthma compared with the negative group.ChU and AD may share hypersensitivity to common antigens in sweat. The sweat allergy and atopic diathesis are associated with each other.
Description and partial characterization of a nucleolar RNA-associated autoantigen defined by a human monoclonal antibody.
Authors: N Chiorazzi, W H Reeves
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

B lymphocytes from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and several circulating autoantibodies (including antinucleolar antibodies) were immortalized by fusion with a hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)-deficient human B cell line. Multiple human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were obtained which, in solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, were reactive with DNA. One mAb was of special interest because it reacted strongly with both single-stranded DNA and an extractable nuclear antigen found in rabbit thymus extract (RTE). In an immunofluorescent assay using fixed human cells, the latter mAb also bound predominantly to cell nucleoli. A combination of enzyme digestion and metabolic inhibitor studies of the target cells in this immunofluorescent assay suggested that the antigen(s) bound by the mAb was an RNA-associated protein or a ribonucleoprotein that is distinct from intact RNA polymerase I and not associated with the transcriptional units of the nucleolus. In other experiments, using fractions of RTE isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, the antigens bound by the mAb were shown to be highly negatively charged molecules. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analyses of labeled cell extracts bound by the mAb revealed a doublet of 17 and 18 kD. Since the original patient's serum autoantibodies also bound to both an RNase-sensitive, acidic, extractable nuclear antigen and to nucleoli, and immunoprecipitated proteins of similar molecular masses in SDS-PAGE, it appears that the described mAb is a product of an immortalized autoantibody-producing B cell clone from the SLE patient's peripheral blood. This mAb probably defines a novel RNA-associated autoantigen residing predominantly in the nucleolus or, less likely, a variant of either RNA polymerase I or the ribosomal autoantigens (P proteins).
Medical manpower: a district model
Authors: J P Watson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

with an ointment comprising 15% paromomycin sulphate and 12% methylbenzethonium chloride in white soft paraffin (P ointment, UK Patent No GB1 17237A).After 10 days' treatment twice daily 73% of patients had no parasites in their lesions; 14% became free within a further 20 days without further treatment, and 13% failed to respond.Pigmentation developed in 18% of the treated lesions and inflammation of varying degree was associated with the treatment.These develop- ments did not affect clinical healing, which was generally completed 10 to 30 days after the end of treatment.In addition, 94% of the treated lesions healed with little or no scarring.No adverse clinical or laboratory side effects were observed except for a burning sensation at the site of treatment.Parasites isolated from patients who failed to respond to topical treatment were found to be susceptible to the ointment in in vitro infected macrophages and in vivo in experimentally infected BALB/c mice.
The Chinese Hospital
Authors: MYRON S. COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The Chinese hospital serves three separate but overlapping functions. Like Western hospitals, the Chinese hospital provides patient care in a wide range of settings and with various levels of facilities. The Chinese hospital is also a danwei or work unit, that employs not only health care personnel, but also day-care teachers, builders, drivers, repairmen, and other auxiliary personnel. The third function is political and organizational. Hospital leaders act as local representatives of the Chinese Communist Party and the state, with jurisdiction over personal, professional, legal, and political activities of the workers in the hospital.
A COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS MEINICKE METHODS
Authors: J. ERNEST NICOLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article A COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS MEINICKE METHODS Get access J. ERNEST NICOLE, L.M.S.S.A., D.P.M. J. ERNEST NICOLE, L.M.S.S.A., D.P.M. Senior Assistant Medical Officer, County Mental Hospital, Winwick (Warrington) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 5, 1 May 1933, Pages 179–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb12415.x Published: 01 May 1933
Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay for the Diagnosis of TB
Authors: David A.J. Moore, Carlton A.W. Evans, Robert H. Gilman, Luz Caviedes, Jorge Coronel, Aldo Vivar, Eduardo Sanchez, Yvette Piñedo, Juan Carlos Saravia, Cayo Salazar, Richard Oberhelman, Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado, Doris LaChira, A. Roderick Escombe, Jon S. Friedland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

New diagnostic tools are urgently needed to interrupt the transmission of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Rapid, sensitive detection of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in sputum has been demonstrated in proof-of-principle studies of the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay, in which broth cultures are examined microscopically to detect characteristic growth.In an operational setting in Peru, we investigated the performance of the MODS assay for culture and drug-susceptibility testing in three target groups: unselected patients with suspected tuberculosis, prescreened patients at high risk for tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and unselected hospitalized patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We compared the MODS assay head-to-head with two reference methods: automated mycobacterial culture and culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium with the proportion method.Of 3760 sputum samples, 401 (10.7%) yielded cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sensitivity of detection was 97.8% for MODS culture, 89.0% for automated mycobacterial culture, and 84.0% for Löwenstein-Jensen culture (P<0.001); the median time to culture positivity was 7 days, 13 days, and 26 days, respectively (P<0.001), and the median time to the results of susceptibility tests was 7 days, 22 days, and 68 days, respectively. The incremental benefit of a second MODS culture was minimal, particularly in patients at high risk for tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Agreement between MODS and the reference standard for susceptibility was 100% for rifampin, 97% for isoniazid, 99% for rifampin and isoniazid (combined results for multidrug resistance), 95% for ethambutol, and 92% for streptomycin (kappa values, 1.0, 0.89, 0.93, 0.71, and 0.72, respectively).A single MODS culture of a sputum sample offers more rapid and sensitive detection of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis than the existing gold-standard methods used.
Sickle Cell Crisis Treated by Exchange Transfusion
Authors: Malcom Green
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In two patients with severe painful sickle cell crisis and a deteriorating clinical course, recovery coincided with large-scale exchange transfusions (6 liters). The one patient, with sickle cell β thalassemia, achieved a 90% exchange, calculated on the sickle cell hemoglobin present before and after transfusion. The other patient, with sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb) C disease, also achieved an 80% exchange calculated on the level of Hb A, S, and C in samples before and after transfusion. (<i>JAMA</i>231:948-950, 1975)
Health effects in a casual sample of immigrants to Israel from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl explosion.
Authors: E A Kordysh, J R Goldsmith, M R Quastel, S Poljak, L Merkin, R Cohen, R Gorodischer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

We analyzed questionnaire and physician examination data for 1560 new immigrants from the former USSR divided into three groups by potential exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Two groups were chosen according to soil contamination by cesium-137 at former residences, as confirmed by our findings in a 137Cs body burden study. The third group consisted of