tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 6248: The Direct Renin Inhibitor, Aliskiren, Improves Cardiac Function Via Direct Renin Inhibition And Via Renin Receptor Modulation In A Rodent Model Of Diabetic diastolic heart failure.
Authors: Kim A Connelly, Darren J Kelly, Sandra Kim, Michael Zhang, Kerri Thai, Andrew Advani, Henry Krum, Richard E Gilbert
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Heart failure, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, is traditionally treated by ACE inhibitors and ARBs, agents that block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)....
Is pneumonectomy a chance for conversion of sputum smears in long time period in cases of two-sided MDR pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Peter Yablonsky, Igor Vasilyev, Grigorii Kudriashov, Armen Avetisyan, Eugeniy Sokolovich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: the estimated worldwide incidence of MDR-TB in 2010 was 650,000. Pulmonary resection combined with chemotherapy had high cure rates in MDR TB. But the role of pneumonectomy in cases of cavitary MDR-tubeculosis 2-sided MDR-TB is not clear for now days. The aim: to determine the role of pneumonectomy in cases of cavitary tubeculosis of lung and focal tuberculosis of contralateral lung. Material: during 2012 10 patients were included in trial. All patients were treated during previous 1 year chemotherapy according to susceptibility. Sputum smears were positive full time. 6 males and 4 females. 10 pneumonectomy were done: 7 right-sided and 3 lett-sided. After operation every 2 month sputum smears were done. Results: postoperative period was uncomplicated in 7 cases. In 3 cases was hemothorax, witch require VATS-procedure. Mean time of postoperative period was 35+|-10 days. Complication rate – 30%. Histology revealed in one case specific inflamation in linea of resection and caseation of mediatinal lymph nodes. Long-term results: one-year survival – 100%. Sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli are negative during all postoperative period in 9 cases. Only 1 patient with specific inflammation and caseation of mediastinal lymph nodes hade progression of TB and continuing of positive sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli. Rate of conversion is 90%. Conclusion: we have no sufficient data for statistical analysis. But the results of conversion and acceptable of complication rate are promising. Pneumonectomy in cases of cavitary MDR-tubeculosis of lung and focal tuberculosis of contralateral lung it can give a chance for conversion of sputum smears.
Current Issues in Cancer: Cancer chemotherapy: identifying novel anticancer drugs
Authors: J Carmichael
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There are now around 60 cytotoxic drugs licensed for use in cancer therapy in the United Kingdom. For certain malignancies such as childhood cancers, haematological malignancies, and germ cell tumours chemotherapy has been pivotal to the substantial improvement in therapeutic outcome achieved over the past 10 years. In contrast, improvements in the systemic management of adult solid tumours have been less dramatic. There is a clear and urgent need for new, more effective drugs for lung, breast, and colorectal malignancies. This paper examines the processes in identifying, developing, and evaluating new drugs with anticancer activity.
Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Current Is Activated During Hypokalemia and Masks Short-Term Cardiac Memory Induced by Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Yi-Hsin Chan, Wei-Chung Tsai, Jum-Suk Ko, Dechun Yin, Po-Cheng Chang, Michael Rubart, James N. Weiss, Thomas H. Everett, Shien-Fong Lin, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Hypokalemia increases the vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. We hypothesize that the apamin-sensitive small-conductance calcium-activated potassium current (IKAS) is activated during hypokalemia and that IKAS blockade is proarrhythmic.Optical mapping was performed in 23 Langendorff-perfused rabbit ventricles with atrioventricular block and either right or left ventricular pacing during normokalemia or hypokalemia. Apamin prolonged the action potential duration (APD) measured to 80% repolarization (APD80) by 26 milliseconds (95% confidence interval [CI], 14-37) during normokalemia and by 54 milliseconds (95% CI, 40-68) during hypokalemia (P=0.01) at a 1000-millisecond pacing cycle length. In hypokalemic ventricles, apamin increased the maximal slope of APD restitution, the pacing cycle length threshold of APD alternans, the pacing cycle length for wave-break induction, and the area of spatially discordant APD alternans. Apamin significantly facilitated the induction of sustained ventricular fibrillation (from 3 of 9 hearts to 9 of 9 hearts; P=0.009). Short-term cardiac memory was assessed by the slope of APD80 versus activation time. The slope increased from 0.01 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.12) at baseline to 0.34 (95% CI, 0.23-0.44) after apamin (P<0.001) during right ventricular pacing and from 0.07 (95% CI, -0.05 to 0.20) to 0.54 (95% CI, 0.06-1.03) after apamin infusion (P=0.045) during left ventricular pacing. Patch-clamp studies confirmed increased IKAS in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes during hypokalemia (P=0.038).Hypokalemia activates IKAS to shorten APD and maintain repolarization reserve at late activation sites during ventricular pacing. IKAS blockade prominently lengthens the APD at late activation sites and facilitates ventricular fibrillation induction.
Influence of Endocrine-Related Factors on Response to Perioperative Chemotherapy for Patients With Node-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Marco Colleoni, Shari Gelber, Alan S. Coates, Monica Castiglione-Gertsch, Richard D. Gelber, Karen Price, Carl-Magnus Rudenstam, Jurij Lindtner, John Collins, Beat Thürlimann, Stig B. Holmberg, H. Cortes-Funes, Edda Simoncini, Elizabeth Murray, Martin Fey, Aron Goldhirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: We investigated tumor- and patient-related features that might influence the response to perioperative chemotherapy (PeCT) compared with no adjuvant therapy for patients with node-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,275 patients were randomized to either no adjuvant treatment (427 patients) or PeCT (848 patients). The following variables thought to have prognostic significance were evaluated: grade, tumor size, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) content (absent; low, 1 to 9 fmol/mg cytosol protein; or positive, ≥ 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), c-erbB-2 overexpression, menopausal status, and age. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relative influence of these factors to predict the effect of PeCT on disease-free survival (DFS). Median follow-up was 13.5 years. RESULTS: The 10-year DFS percentage for 692 premenopausal patients did not significantly differ between the PeCT and no-adjuvant-treatment groups: 61% and 59%, respectively (relative risk [RR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 1.20; P = .70). No predictive factors were identified. For 583 postmenopausal patients, 10-year DFS percentages for the groups were 63% and 58%, respectively (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.93; P = .03). The absence of expression of ER, PgR, or both ER and PgR was the most important factor predicting improved outcome with PeCT among postmenopausal patients. The 10-year DFS percentages were 85% and 53% for the steroid hormone receptor–absent cohort of treated and untreated patients, respectively (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.49; P = .0009). CONCLUSION: The role of PeCT should be explored for patients whose primary tumors do not express steroid hormone receptors, because it is likely that early initiation of treatment is exclusively relevant for such patients.
<i>Tmc</i> gene therapy restores auditory function in deaf mice
Authors: Charles Askew, Cylia Rochat, Bifeng Pan, Yukako Asai, Hena Ahmed, Erin Child, Bernard L. Schneider, Patrick Aebischer, Jeffrey R. Holt
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Genetic hearing loss accounts for up to 50% of prelingual deafness worldwide, yet there are no biologic treatments currently available. To investigate gene therapy as a potential biologic strategy for restoration of auditory function in patients with genetic hearing loss, we tested a gene augmentation approach in mouse models of genetic deafness. We focused on DFNB7/11 and DFNA36, which are autosomal recessive and dominant deafnesses, respectively, caused by mutations in transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1). Mice that carry targeted deletion of Tmc1 or a dominant Tmc1 point mutation, known as Beethoven, are good models for human DFNB7/11 and DFNA36. We screened several adeno-associated viral (AAV) serotypes and promoters and identified AAV2/1 and the chicken β-actin (Cba) promoter as an efficient combination for driving the expression of exogenous Tmc1 in inner hair cells in vivo. Exogenous Tmc1 or its closely related ortholog, Tmc2, were capable of restoring sensory transduction, auditory brainstem responses, and acoustic startle reflexes in otherwise deaf mice, suggesting that gene augmentation with Tmc1 or Tmc2 is well suited for further development as a strategy for restoration of auditory function in deaf patients who carry TMC1 mutations.
Use of Jonas Silicon-Silver Prosthesis in Erectile Impotence
Authors: P H Rowe, M G Royle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Eleven patients presenting over the last three years with erectile impotence who have been treated by the insertion of the Jonas Silicon-Silver penile prosthesis are reviewed. The insertion of this prosthesis is a minor procedure. It has a simple design, low cost, no permanent erection or mechanical problems and an excellent cosmetic and functional result.
Obesity and Breast Cancer
Authors: Clifford Hudis, Andrew Dannenberg
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Black Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Arthur Schatzkin, Julie R. Palmer, Lynn Rosenberg, Susan P. Helmrich, Donald R. Miller, David W. Kaufman, Samuel M. Lesko, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Risk factors for breast cancer were examined in black women in a hospital-based case-control study of 529 black women with breast cancer and 589 controls. Late age at menarche was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Women having 5 or more children had a reduced risk relative to that of women with fewer or no children. Late age at first birth was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. Among postmenopausal black women, obesity [as measured by body mass index (BMI)] was associated with an increased risk; among premenopausal women, there was no association of breast cancer with BMI. Women whose menopause occurred at or after age 50 were at increased risk relative to those whose menopause occurred earlier. There was no association between number of years of education and breast cancer in black women. History of benign breast disease and history of breast cancer in mother or sisters both were risk factors. The risk factor profile for breast cancer in black women was similar to that observed in whites.
Unexpectedly high incidence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection
Authors: Eri Hagiwara, Atsuhito Nakazawa, Tsuneyuki Oda, Takahiro Enomoto, Tomohisa Baba, Ryuichi Nishihira, Shigeru Komatsu, Terufumi Kato, Takashi Ogura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: Pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary  Mycobacterium avium  complex (MAC) infection has been considered rare and little is known about its clinical course. In this study we aimed to analyze the clinical features, outcome, and prevalence of pneumothorax in pulmonary MAC infection.  Methods: The clinical records of all 18 patients with active pulmonary MAC infection complicated with pneumothorax in eight years between 2003 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The complication rate of pneumothorax in pulmonary MAC infection was calculated based on the number of all active pulmonary MAC patients in our institute during the same period.  Results: The patients were eight males and ten females with a mean age of 75 years (range 50-89). Thirteen patients were with  M. avium , one with  M. intracellulare , four with unidentified MAC, and none with HIV infection. Pneumothorax occurred on the right lung in twelve patients and on the left in six. All but one patient had MAC disease in both lungs, and twelve patients had widespread lesions with total area more than one lung field. Seven of 18 patients (39%) were forced to undergo surgical operation following unsuccessful thoracic drainage. Five patients experienced the recurrence during the period and other two eventually stayed with chronic pneumothorax. The complication rate of pneumothorax in active pulmonary MAC infection was as high as 2.4% (18 out of 746 all MAC patients), 2.1% in female and 3.0% in male patients.  Conclusions: The incidence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary MAC infection is unexpectedly high, especially in elderly, male, and progressed MAC disease. It is often difficult to treat and easy to recur.
Defining and describing airways obstruction in children
Authors: KF Kerrebijn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

The two most common diseases with airway obstruction from pre-school age are asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway diseases in infancy will not be discussed. For reasons of simplicity, asthma is defined as the complex coexistance of one or more of the symptoms wheeze, breathlessness, cough, mucus hypersecretion, which are either chronically or intermittently present and which are generally triggered by viral infections, allergens, pollutants (cigarette smoke), exercise, sudden changes in temperature of the inspired air etc.
Underground Mining, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study in the Iron Ore Municipalities in Northern Sweden&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L Damber, L G Larsson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

A case-control study of lung cancer in males was performed in two municipalities in northern Sweden with large iron ore mines. Previous studies had revealed an increased lung cancer risk for underground workers in these mines, with all probability related to radon daughter exposure. Data concerning underground mining and smoking were obtained from questionnaires. All analyses suggested an interaction of a multiplicative type between underground mining and smoking in the causation of lung cancer in this population. The calculated population etiologic fraction was about 45% for underground mining and about 80% for smoking.
Abstract 10291: Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)-23, Cardiovascular Prognosis, and Benefit of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jacob A Udell, David A Morrow, Petr Jarolim, Sarah Sloan, Elaine B Hoffman, Thomas F O’Donnell, Amit V Vora, Torbjorn Omland, Scott D Solomon, Marc A Pfeffer, Eugene Braunwald, Marc S Sabatine
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 is an endocrine regulator of mineral metabolism. Higher levels of FGF-23 are associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with reduced ren...
European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society
Authors: Gregory Y.H. Lip, Frank R. Heinzel, Fiorenzo Gaita, Jose Rámon Gonzalez Juanatey, Jean Yves Le Heuzey, Tatjana Potpara, Jesper Hastrup Svendsen, Marc A. Vos, Stefan D. Anker, Andrew J. Coats, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Antonis S. Manolis, Mina K. Chung, Prashanthan Sanders, Burkert Pieske
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Examination about what determine quality of life (QOL) and the association between QOL and therapeutic intervention for patients with chronic thromboembolitic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Takashi Urushibara, Nobuhiro Tanabe, Rika Suda, Fumiaki Kato, Hajime Kasai, Ayumi Sekine, Rintaro Nishimura, Takayuki Jujo, Toshihiko Sugiura, Seiichiro Sakao, Yasunori Kasahara, Koichiro Tatsumi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives: The purpose was to clarify factors associated with QOL for patients with CTEPH. We also investigated how the QOL was changed by therapeutic intervention and how it influenced on survival.  Methods: 128 CTEPH patients were included (m/f 42/86, age 55.7±12.3 [SD], treated surgically/medically 65/63). They were asked to complete the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). We compared SF-36 with various data before and after therapeutic intervention. In medical group, the influence of SF-36 on their survival was also investigated.  Results: All SF-36 scores were lower than the data from general population (p  Conclusion: PF and PCS were associated with PVR and 6MD in CTEPH patients. Mental as well as physical QOL was improved after both surgical and medical therapies. PAH-specific therapy improved survival regardless of low PF and PCS at diagnosis.
Is there an unmet need of small airways disease in community treated asthma
Authors: Brian Lipworth, Emma Zajda, William Anderson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

BACKGROUND: Asthma treatment guidelines are mainly based on symptoms & spirometry. There is concern regarding persistent underlying small airways disease in asthmatics despite standard care. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures small airway function.

METHODS: We analysed community referral data from asthmatics (n=378) on standard community stepwise therapy, who had spirometry, IOS & exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) performed.

RESULTS: Patients receiving extra-fine (EF) particle inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) at Step 2 demonstrated improved resistance at 5Hz (R5%) by 14.2% but no difference in spirometry.

View this table:

Step 2





For Step 3&4 patients, R5% remained elevated (137%) despite the use of long acting beta agonists (LABA) with no difference without LABA: <5% of step 3/4 patients were using EF ICS with no EF ICS/LABA use.

View this table:

Step 3/4





CONCLUSION: There is an unmet need in terms of treating small airways disease in asthma. EF ICS showed improved R5% (step 2). Studies with EF ICS +/-LABA at step 3/4 are required to discern any change in small airways function through greater peripheral deposition.
Abstract P047: Improved Clinical Outcomes Associated with Dual-Goal (HbA1c and LDL-C) Achievement in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lizheng Shi, Xin Ye, Mei Lu, Eric Q Wu, Hari Sharma, Darren Thomason, Amiee L Kang, Vivian A Fonseca
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Compared with studies on achieving a single goal of either glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the clinical benefits of dual-goal achievement (LDL-C&lt;100 mg/dl and HbA1c&lt;7%) are not well documented. This study investigated factors and clinical benefits associated with dual-goal achievement in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Methods: Newly diagnosed adult T2DM patients with ≥2 measures of LDL-C and HbA1c were identified in the Veterans Integrated Services Network 16 data warehouse (01/2004-06/2010). A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with dual-goal achievement during 7-12 months following the index date (first HbA1c recorded within three months of the first T2DM diagnosis). Factors included demographics and 0-6 month dual-goal achievement, as well as diabetes-related comorbidities, medications, surgeries, and healthcare utilization, all measured during the 1-year period surrounding the index date. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between time-varying goal achievement status and post-index date clinical outcomes, including microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy), cardiovascular-related complications (cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Results: A total of 16,829 T2DM patients were included in the study. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of dual-goal achievement include older age, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), prior dual-goal achievement, diagnosis of ketoacidosis or hypersmolarity, and lipid-lowering drug use. Conversely, patients with prior diagnoses of retinopathy, neuropathy, and congestive heart failure, as well as prior insulin use were less likely to achieve both goals. Compared with failure to achieve either goal, achieving only LDL-C goal was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related complications (HR:0.76; 95% CI:0.71-0.81) and ACS (HR:0.76; 95% CI:0.67-0.86), while achieving only HbA1C goal was associated with a lower risk of microvascular complications (HR:0.73; 95% CI:0.71-0.74), cardiovascular-related complications (HR:0.80; 95% CI:0.74-0.87) and ACS (HR:0.66; 95% CI:0.60-0.72). Dual-goal achievement was associated with additional reduction in risk of microvascular complications (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.63-0.76) vs. only LDL-C goal achievement, but had similar risk to achieving HbA1c goal alone. Conclusions: Older age, higher CCI, prior dual-goal achievement, and lipid-lowering drug use were associated with a greater likelihood of dual-goal achievement. Dual-goal achievement in newly diagnosed T2DM patients is associated with decreased risks of microvascular complications than those with only LDL-C goal achievement.
Coevolutionary Landscape Inference and the Context-Dependence of Mutations in Beta-Lactamase TEM-1
Authors: Matteo Figliuzzi, Hervé Jacquier, Alexander Schug, Oliver Tenaillon, Martin Weigt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The quantitative characterization of mutational landscapes is a task of outstanding importance in evolutionary and medical biology: It is, for example, of central importance for our understanding of the phenotypic effect of mutations related to disease and antibiotic drug resistance. Here we develop a novel inference scheme for mutational landscapes, which is based on the statistical analysis of large alignments of homologs of the protein of interest. Our method is able to capture epistatic couplings between residues, and therefore to assess the dependence of mutational effects on the sequence context where they appear. Compared with recent large-scale mutagenesis data of the beta-lactamase TEM-1, a protein providing resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics, our method leads to an increase of about 40% in explicative power as compared with approaches neglecting epistasis. We find that the informative sequence context extends to residues at native distances of about 20 Å from the mutated site, reaching thus far beyond residues in direct physical contact.