tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Spectrum of Commotio Cordis
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Thomas E. Gohman, Susan B. Kyle, N. A. Mark Estes, Mark S. Link
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextAlthough blunt, nonpenetrating chest blows causing sudden cardiac death (commotio cordis) are often associated with competitive sports, dangers implicit in such blows can extend into many other life activities.ObjectiveTo describe the comprehensive spectrum of commotio cordis events.Design and SettingAnalysis of confirmed cases from the general community assembled in the US Commotio Cordis Registry occurring up to September 1, 2001.Main Outcome MeasureCommotio cordis event.ResultsOf 128 confirmed cases, 122 (95%) were in males and the mean (SD) age was 13.6 (8.2) years (median, 14 years; range, 3 months to 45 years); only 28 (22%) cases were aged 18 years or older. Commotio cordis events occurred most commonly during organized sporting events (79 [62%]), such as baseball, but 49 (38%) occurred as part of daily routine and recreational activities. Fatal blows were inflicted with a wide range of velocities but often occurred inadvertently and under circumstances not usually associated with risk for sudden death in informal settings near the home or playground. Twenty-two (28%) participants were wearing commercially available chest barriers, including 7 in whom the projectile made direct contact with protective padding (baseball catchers and lacrosse/hockey goalies), and 2 in whom the projectile was a baseball specifically designed to reduce risk. Only 21 (16%) individuals survived their event, with particularly prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation/defibrillation (most commonly reversing ventricular fibrillation) the only identifiable factor associated with a favorable outcome.ConclusionsThe expanded spectrum of commotio cordis illustrates the potential dangers implicit in striking the chest, regardless of the intent or force of the blow. These findings also suggest that the safety of young athletes will be enhanced by developing more effective preventive strategies (such as chest wall barriers) to achieve protection from ventricular fibrillation following precordial blows.
Reimbursement Problems Encountered by Private Physicians
Authors: Frances Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

MY HUSBAND and I have shared a family medicine practice in the Bronx for many years. Five years ago I reduced my private practice and became the director of a family medicine residency program. As a result of my academic affiliation I began to consider some of the problems of the payment system used in the private practice of family medicine in New York City. Private family physicians receive the rewards of helping people, of problem solving, and of the positive feedback from patients, but they also have to earn a living, and I believe that there are inequities in the payment system. The payment systems we use are payment either by patients directly or by third-party payors: Workers' Compensation, Blue Shield (the largest supplier of medical insurance in the area), Medicare, and Medicaid. Although third-party payors have different reimbursement schedules for the various geographic localities of the country, I
Sequence polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein (a) gene. Evidence for dissociation between apolipoprotein(a) size and plasma lipoprotein(a) levels.
Authors: J C Cohen, G Chiesa, H H Hobbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], an apolipoprotein unique to lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], is highly polymorphic in size. Previous studies have indicated that the size of the apo(a) gene tends to be inversely correlated with the plasma level of Lp(a). However, several exceptions to this general trend have been identified. Individuals with apo(a) alleles of identical size do not always have similar plasma concentrations of Lp(a). To determine if these differences in plasma Lp(a) concentrations were due to sequence variations in the apo(a) gene, we examined the sequences of apo(a) alleles in 23 individuals homozygous for same-sized apo(a) alleles. We identified four single-strand DNA conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs) in the apo(a) gene. Of the 23 homozygotes, 21 (91%) were heterozygous for at least one of the SSCPs. Analysis of a family in which a parent was homozygous for the same-sized apo(a) allele revealed that each allele, though identical size, segregated with different plasma concentrations of Lp(a). These studies indicate that the apo(a) gene is even more polymorphic in sequence than was previously appreciated, and that sequence variations at the apo(a) locus, other than the number of kringle 4 repeats, contribute to the plasma concentration of Lp(a).
The poisonous "juice" in e-cigarettes
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Yet another reason to oppose their unregulated use



Since we last tuned in,1 electronic cigarettes have continued to grow in popularity and sales. They are widely available in convenience stores and, increasingly, in specialty “vaper” shops. Although e-cigarettes are now regulated in Europe, we are still awaiting national regulation in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

One can envisage three possible scenarios in which e-cigarettes are used: one good, two bad. Potentially, they could be useful to help tobacco smokers quit, replacing cigarettes and slowly dialing down nicotine levels, much as other nicotine delivery devices (gum, patches, inhalers, and so on) do. That would be a good thing, although the research that is starting to accumulate about this therapeutic use of e-cigarettes is so far not promising.2

Secondly, e-cigarettes could be used to maintain a tobacco habit by allowing smokers nicotine intake in tobacco free areas, such as the workplace or home, because the vapor emitted from e-cigarettes is odorless and presumed to be not toxic. This is not so good for public health, as one of the most important incentives for quitting smoking has been …
The Right to Life
Authors: RICHARD P. FITZGIBBONS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973The Right to LifeRICHARD P. FITZGIBBONS, M.D.RICHARD P. FITZGIBBONS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-783 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Clouser's view (Ann Intern Med78: 119-125, 1973)-that "human life is not precious but only the continuation of some life rather than none" and that we are only obliged to see that human life continue that is ordered and selected so as not to have undue suffering and to contribute to the progress of life—presents an ethic that stands in stark contrast to the position, which transcends purely utilitarian or proprietary considerations, maintained by civilized man and his laws for the past two millennia. Previously, human life in all stages and forms has intrinsically been valued on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Hahnemann Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 783-784 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Resolution of Left Atrial Thrombus after 6 Months of Anticoagulation in Candidates for Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: Songkwan Silaruks, Bandit Thinkhamrop, Songsak Kiatchoosakun, Chaiyasith Wongvipaporn, Pyatat Tatsanavivat
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Resolution of left atrial thrombus after long-term oral anticoagulation enhances safe percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC); however, the short-term benefit has not been defined.To estimate the resolution rate of left atrial thrombus among PTMC candidates after 6 months of oral anticoagulation and to determine its main predictors.Prospective cohort.Community-based university medical center.219 PTMC candidates with thrombus demonstrated by multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic studies.The primary outcome was the status of the thrombus at the first 6-month follow-up; secondary measures were bleeding or thromboembolic complications.Among 219 PTMC candidates with left atrial thrombus (mean age [+/-SD], 39.6 +/- 7.4 years [range, 19 to 62 years]), complete resolution of thrombus, with an overall disappearance rate of 24.2% (95% CI, 18.5% to 29.9%), was demonstrated in 53 patients who subsequently underwent successful PTMC. In another 166 patients, the thrombus size was reduced by 24% (P < 0.001). No thrombus resolution was observed in the 27 patients with a left atrial body thrombus. Eighteen patients had minor bleeding. The significant predictors of thrombus resolution were a New York Heart Association class of 2 or less, a left atrial appendage thrombus size of 1.6 cm2 or less, a left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast grade of 1 or less, and an international normalized ratio (INR) of at least 2.5. Patients with all of these predictors had a 94.4% chance of complete thrombus resolution (CI, 84.4% to 98.1%).After 6 months of oral anticoagulation, the left atrial thrombus disappeared in about a quarter of PTMC candidates so they could safely undergo PTMC. Less clinical severity, lower grading of the left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, a smaller thrombus, and a higher INR level predict thrombus resolution.
1096-76 Influence of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism on depressive symptoms and long-term outcome after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Daisaku Nakatani, Hiroshi Sato, Issei Shiotani, Kunihiro Kinjo, Hiroya Mizuno, Masahiko Shimizu, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
PREVENTION AND PROGNOSIS OF THE LATE TOXAEMIAS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: J. S. Fairbairn
Journal: BMJ (1935)

these may be given with advantage.The following letter from the parent of a child aged 18 months is in- structive:"A. lived on raw fruits, showving a marked preference for this kind of focd.Lettuce leaves played a large part in his diet.Milk was given unboiled and cold, and he drank a quart daIly.His appetite was poor at all times, but he would always eat raw fruit, and never objected to a drink of milk.The demand for repeated drinks was noticeable throughout his illness."
Principles and Problems of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: James C. Broadbent
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This unique and important volume fills something of a literary vacuum, for it is in effect a textbook on ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the impact of this formidable work has been softened by humor with delightful asides to history, philosophy, theory, and even autobiography. It is comprehensive and authoritative, yet light and relatively simple. In nine sections and 46 chapters the authors review etiology, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of IHD, as well as its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. There are major sections on angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Unique chapters deal with analysis of symptoms, cardiac dyssynergia patterns and causes of chest pain, abuse of the electrocardiogram, management of preinfarctional angina, faints and spells, and the role of cardiac surgery. In addition, there are adequate references to the normal and pathologic anatomy of the coronary arteries, to their blood flow, and to myocardial oxygen consumption. The study of
Abstract 5149: EZH2 as a novel therapeutic target in melanoma treatment
Authors: Jessamy Tiffen, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart Gallagher, Kavitha Gowrishankar, Peter Hersey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Histone modifications are increasingly being recognized as an important epigenetic mechanism that governs chromatin structure and gene expression. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repesssive complex 2 (PRC2), responsible for tri-methylation of lysine 27 residues on type 3 histones (H3K27Me3) that leads to gene silencing. EZH2 is found to be over-expressed in many different types of cancers, where it is postulated to abnormally repress tumor suppressor genes. Activating mutations described within the catalytic SET domain of EZH2 at codon 646 confer its oncogenic activity, as identified in approximately 3% of melanomas. We sought to assess whether direct inhibition of EZH2's methyltransferase activity is a suitable strategy for melanoma treatment. This was tested using a small molecule inhibitor known as GSK126, a potent, highly selective drug that competes with S-adenosyl-methionine substrate. We found that both mutant and non-mutant EZH2 melanoma cell lines over-express EZH2 compared to primary cells, via western blot and that levels of H3K27 methylation were reduced following drug treatment. GSK126 significantly decreased proliferation and reduced the percentage of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, most likely attributed to a G2 arrest. Flow cytometery also revealed an increased sub-G1 population, indicative of drug induced apoptosis. This was confirmed by Annexin-V staining. Growth inhibition by GSK126 was particularly effective in melanoma cells harboring EZH2 activating mutations and had little effect on primary cells that displayed low levels of EZH2. Expression arrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation are being used to determine which PCR2 target genes are being de-repressed and to decipher the mechanisms of GSK126 growth inhibition. Collectively our initial data indicate that EZH2 represents a promising gene target for therapeutic intervention in melanoma in vitro and that in vivo studies are warranted. Citation Format: Jessamy Tiffen, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart Gallagher, Kavitha Gowrishankar, Peter Hersey. EZH2 as a novel therapeutic target in melanoma treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5149. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5149
Safeguards for people who lack capacity to consent are inadequate
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

New safeguards for people in England and Wales who lack capacity to consent to admission to residential homes or hospitals for care or treatment have been criticised by mental health and disability groups as not robust enough.

Health minister Rosie Winterton outlined plans last week to close the “Bournewood gap.” This currently leaves people who have conditions such as dementia and severe learning disabilities and who are admitted to hospital or care homes under common law, without the legal protections that cover people sectioned under the Mental Health Act.

In October 2004, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ruled that the lack of means for “compliant” patients who lack the capacity to consent to …
More on Treatment for Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
Authors: Richard B. Frobell, Jonas Ranstam, L. Stefan Lohmander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: We previously published results of our randomized trial of treatment for anterior cruciate ligament tears (July 22, 2010, issue).1 In Table 3 of that article, which shows primary, secondary, and exploratory outcomes at 2 years, the P values and confidence intervals were calculated in compliance with the “Points to Consider on Adjustment for Baseline Covariates,” in the European Medicines Agency guidelines a distinction that was not stated in the article. Accordingly, the P values were adjusted for baseline value, whereas the unadjusted confidence intervals were calculated by maximum-likelihood estimation. There were no significant between-group differences in either . . .
TESTICULAR FIXATION IN TORSION OF THE SPERMATIC CORD
Authors: EDWARD J. OTTENHEIMER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Although torsion of the spermatic cord unquestionably occurs more frequently than the reported cases indicate, and although it results in the loss of the affected testicle in 80 per cent of cases, very little emphasis has been laid on operative effort to save the affected testicle, when possible, or, more particularly, the prevention of torsion on the remaining side. The symptoms and signs of cord torsion have been so adequately described in the literature of the past decade that they are by now familiar to every one. We propose, therefore, to confine ourselves to a brief discussion of some phase of its etiology and to submit a plan of operative treatment that is designed to save a small percentage of involved testicles, i. e., those in which reduction of the torsion has been attained before necrosis occurs, and especially to remove the possibility of its occurrence on the opposite side.
Sporadic Puerperal Mastitis
Authors: Byrne R. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Sporadic (nonepidemic) acute puerperal mastitis was diagnosed 65 times over a period of 26 months in 2.5% of mothers who elected to nurse their infants. Staphylococcus auereus was cultured from the milk of 23 of 48 infected breasts, but from only one breast of 19 normal mothers. Forty-one women with mastitis continued to nurse without difficulty for an average of 13 weeks, although mastitis recurred in four women. Three breast abscesses resulted from the 65 infections (4.6%).
Patterns of response in patients with advanced melanoma treated with Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) and evaluation of immune-related response criteria (irRC)
Authors: F Stephen Hodi, Antoni Ribas, Adil Daud, Omid Hamid, Caroline Robert, Richard Kefford, Wen-Jen Hwu, Tara C Gangadhar, Anthony M Joshua, Peter Hersey, Jeffrey Weber, Richard W Joseph, Hassane Zarour, Roxana Dronca, Linda Gammage, Darcy Hille, Dahai Xue, S Peter Kang, Patrick Chun, Scot W Ebbinghaus, Andrea Perrone, Jedd D Wolchok
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Unique patterns of response have been observed with immunotherapies. Notably, objective response and prolonged disease stabilization can occur after an initial increase in tumor burden. irRC were developed to better characterize response to immunotherapy based on data for
Some Remarks on the Deligation of Large Arteries by the Application of Two Ligatures and the Division of the Vessel between Them
Authors: W. J. Walsham
Journal: BMJ (1883)

and opium.Galvanism has also been recommended.I can only say, that I have never tried it myself, or seen it tried by others.Progosis.-This will vary with the cause of the disease: if it be of malignant origin, it is hopeless, unless, indeed, we venture to exoisse the stomach; but if it arise from irregularities of diet, or from weakening of nervous or muscular power by fever, we may hope for recovery proportionate to -the thoroughness with which we remove the ca-use.
A Unified Code of Ethics for Health Professionals
Authors: Matthew K. Wynia, Sandeep P. Kishore, Cynthia D. Belar
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UK government plans reform of social care law
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government is proposing “the most significant single reform of social care law for 60 years” after the Law Commission recommended repealing the “complex and confusing patchwork” of legislation covering the field and replacing it with a simple, modern framework.

Ministers pledged to consider the proposals along with those expected in July from the Dilnot review of the funding of long term care, with a view to producing a white paper in December and legislating next year.

The proposals from the Law Commission, the official body charged with recommending law reforms to government, …
Face transplants should not be done without more research
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Facial transplantation should not be performed until more research is done on the procedure and the risks that go with it, says an expert group of surgeons from England.

The advice, from a working party from the Royal College of Surgeons of England, has been issued after concern from the charity Changing Faces that speculation in the press earlier this year about the possibility of facial transplants has been unrealistic. …
Recombinant interferon-alpha selectively inhibits the production of interleukin-5 by human CD4+ T cells.
Authors: L Schandené, G F Del Prete, E Cogan, P Stordeur, A Crusiaux, B Kennes, S Romagnani, M Goldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The effects of recombinant IFN-alpha on the production of IL-5 by human CD4+ T cells were first analyzed on resting CD4+ T cells purified from normal PBMC and stimulated either with a combination of PMA and anti-CD28 mAb or anti-CD3 mAb cross-linked on B7-1/CD32-transfected mouse fibroblasts. We found that IFN-alpha profoundly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner IL-5 production by resting CD4+ T cells whereas IL-10 was upregulated in both systems. The addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb to PMA and anti-CD28 mAb upregulated IL-5 production by resting CD4+ T cells but did not prevent IFN-alpha-induced IL-5 inhibition. We then analyzed the effect of IFN-alpha on the production of cytokines by differentiated type 2 helper (Th2) CD4+CD3- cells isolated from peripheral blood of two patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome. In both cases, IFN-alpha markedly inhibited IL-5 production while it induced mild upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10. Finally, the inhibitory effect of IFN-alpha on IL-5 production was confirmed on a panel of Th2 and Th0 clones generated in vitro. In 2 out of 6 clones, IL-5 inhibition was associated with upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10. We conclude that IFN-alpha selectively downregulates IL-5 synthesis by human CD4+ T cells.
Detection of Metastatic Liver Disease with Tc-99m MAA During a Thromboscintigraml/Lung Scan
Authors: MARTIN SANDLER, GLYNIS SACKS, MADAN KULKARNI, MAX SHAFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Metastatic lesions in the liver may be detected with Tc-99m MAA when performing a thromboscintigram/lung scan. This case demonstrates the need to perform hepatic images in patients with venous thrombosis who are suspected of having associated malignant disease.
Reversal of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure by Left Ventricular Apical Pacing
Authors: Ward Y. Vanagt, Frits W. Prinzen, Tammo Delhaas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Children with congenital complete atrioventricular block often require lifelong pacemaker therapy. Although such therapy restores a normal heart rate, it also results in dyssynchrono...