tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EPICARDIAL FAT VOLUME NORMAL LIMITS USING NON-CONTRAST ENHANCED CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN A HEALTHY POPULATION
Authors: Haim Shmilovich, Damini Dey, Victor Y. Cheng, Ryo Nakazato, Yuka Otaki, Rine Nakanishi, Ronak Rajani, Piotr J. Slomka, Louise EJ Thomson, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Nathan D. Wong, Leslie J. Shaw, Matthew Budoff, Alan Rozanski, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Continuation of "Angina Pectoris and Carbon Monoxide"
Authors: Oscar B. Garfein, Edward M. Dwyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1973Continuation of "Angina Pectoris and Carbon Monoxide"OSCAR B. GARFEIN, M.D., EDWARD M. DWYER JR., M.D.OSCAR B. GARFEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD M. DWYER JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-613_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Aronow and his associates (1) present rather imperfect data to support their basic premise that carbon monoxide inhalation while driving on the Los Angeles freeway system will diminish work capacity by the heart afflicted with coronary artery disease. There are several points to be made.1. The test and control experiences may not be comparable. Breathing ambient, possibly foul-smelling air normally through one's mouth may not be psychically or physiologically equivalent to breathing presumably different-smelling, purified, compressed air through a face mask with a pressure-cycled respirator. One cannot a priori presume to know in what manner these...References1. ARONOWHANISISBELL WCM: Effect of freeway travel on angina pectoris. Ann Intern Med 77:669-676, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ARONOWROKAW WS: Carboxyhemoglobin caused by smoking non-nicotine cigarettes. Effects in angina pectoris. Circulation 44:782-788, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 613-613KeywordsAnginaBreathingCarbon monoxideCoronary heart diseaseInhalationMouthStable coronary artery diseaseVentilators Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Exome sequencing as a tool to discover genes for heart attack risk and blood lipids
Authors: Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCAL GROUP-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN SERA
Authors: Walter W. Karakawa, C. Kirk Osterland, Richard Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Two serologically distinct antibodies directed against different antigenic sites on the Group A carbohydrate were detected in human sera by agglutination techniques. Agglutinins with A-variant specificity were demonstrable by the direct agglutination of purified A-variant cell walls, whereas indirect Coombs-type agglutinins with Group A specificity were demonstrable with Group A cell walls. Selective adsorption with homologous cell walls as well as inhibition studies with the soluble carbohydrates confirmed the specificity of the two types of agglutinins. There was an obvious correlation between the magnitude of the antistreptolysin O titer, and the direct Group A-variant and the indirect Group titers. These data suggest that indirect anti-Group A agglutinins and direct anti-Group A-variant agglutinins are produced following a Group A streptococcal infection.
Doctors' group publishes archive of doctors registered in Nazi era
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A Berlin doctors' group has published an archive of all doctors registered in Germany between 1933 and the 1950s for use by historians, institutions, and members of the public who want to find out more about the fate of doctors who were persecuted during the Nazi period.

The task required the transfer of the paper files of 97 087 doctors to three DVDs. The move was initiated by the Berlin Association of Statuary …
Culture and Depression
Authors: Arthur Kleinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In many parts of Chinese society, the experience of depression is physical rather than psychological. Many depressed Chinese people do not report feeling sad, but rather express boredom, discomfort, feelings of inner pressure, and symptoms of pain, dizziness, and fatigue. These culturally coded symptoms may confound diagnosis among Chinese immigrants in the United States, many of whom find the diagnosis of depression morally unacceptable and experientially meaningless; this cultural pattern changes over time but continues to diverge significantly from the experiences of other groups. The pattern of somatization may be unfamiliar to U.S. clinicians and may further complicate the concept . . .
Why 103 women asked for reversal of sterilisation.
Authors: R M Winston
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Between 1975 and 1976 103 women requesting sterilisation reversal were interviewed at Hammersmith Hospital. Their average age at sterilisation was 26-7 years; 65 (63-1%) had been sterilised immediately after pregnancy, and many patients had previously used contraception inadequately when they were sterilised. When they had been sterilised 78 (75-7%) patients were unhappily married and remarriage was the chief reason for the request for reversal. Sexual dissatisfaction after sterilisation was common, but there was no obvious increase in menstrual disturbance. Thirty-nine (37-8%) patients had been sterilised by irreversible methods, and in only half the cases sterilised by tubal ligation were conditions technically suitable for reversal surgery. It therefore seems unwise to sterilise women under 30 particularly immediately after pregnancy or if their marriage is in jeopardy.103 22-46 year old women requesting sterilization reversal were interviewed. Only 11 had been over age 30 when sterilized. The mean of term pregnancies had been 3.1; the maximum number of term pregnancies had been 7. There were 65 patients who had been sterilized after their last pregnancy. Pregnancy had been terminated in 37 patients. 3 patients had had 2 abortions and 1 had had 5 abortions. The methods of sterilization had varied, therefore, laparoscopy was often done to assess the feasibility of reversal. About half of those so investigated were regarded as not suitable for reversal surgery. Contraceptive advice given before sterilization had been inadequate in about half the cases. Psychiatrists had advised sterilization in 6 cases and also supported their reversal requests. Unsatisfactory marital relations had been the cause for sterilization in 78 patients. Sexual satisfaction had improved after sterilization in 47 but was less so in 49. The most important reason for reversal request was remarriage in 81 cases. Very careful counseling is recommended before sterilizing young patients, patients with unhappy marriages, or immediately after a pregnancy. An unsatisfactory marriage may be an insufficient reason for sterilization.
Cerebral Anoxia and the Electroencephalogram
Authors: Charles E. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This volume contains the formal presentations made at the Marseille Colloquium of October, 1959, which was organized by Professor Gastaut and Dr. H. Fischgold. Most of the informal discussion was not published. Though French was the dominant language at the Colloquium, the papers have all been translated into English for publication. The title gives no idea of the true scope of this colloquium. First, there is a series of papers dealing with the electrographic, metabolic, and pathologic aspects of hypoxia and anoxia in animals and man. Outstanding among these papers is one by Dell, Hugelin, and Bonvallet entitled "The Effects of Hypoxia on the Reticular and Cortical Diffuse Systems." These authors suggest that during the entire evolution of hypoxia in animals, the essential control mechanism is a reticular activation due to the discharges of the aortic and carotid chemoreceptors. The resulting reticular activation leads first to electrical cortical arousal, but
Abstract PR08: mSWI/SNF (BAF) complexes facilitate decatentation of DNA by topoisomerase IIα
Authors: Emily Dykhuizen, Diana Hargreaves, Erik Miller, Kairong Cui, Andrey Korshunov, Marcel Kool, Stefan Pfister, Yoon-Jae Cho, Keji Zhao, Gerald Crabtree
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recent exon sequencing studies of human tumors have revealed frequent mutations in subunits of BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes. Here we find a novel function for BAF complexes in decatenating newly replicated sister chromatids, which is necessary for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. We find that deletion of Brg1 leads to anaphase bridge formation and stalling in G2/M phase. In addition, we find that Brg1 point mutants identified from medulloblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma patients have compromised ATPase function and that their expression similarly results in G2/M arrest and anaphase bridge formation. The G2/M arrest is rescued by caffeine, a known inhibitor of ATM/ATR, key regulators of the decatenation checkpoint, and also by expression of the TopoIIα point mutant, S1524A, which fails to initiate the decatenation checkpoint. Endogenous BAF complexes directly interact with endogenous TopoIIα and are required for TopoIIα binding to about 12,000 sites over the genome. Similarly, cells expressing the oncogenic Brg1 point mutants have compromised TopoIIα binding at Brg1-dependent TopoIIα binding sites. These studies indicate that the ability of TopoIIα to prevent DNA entanglement at mitosis requires BAF complexes and suggest that this activity contributes to the role of Brg1 as a tumor suppressor. This abstract is also presented as Poster A36. Citation Format: Emily Dykhuizen, Diana Hargreaves, Erik Miller, Kairong Cui, Andrey Korshunov, Marcel Kool, Stefan Pfister, Yoon-Jae Cho, Keji Zhao, Gerald Crabtree. mSWI/SNF (BAF) complexes facilitate decatentation of DNA by topoisomerase IIα. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
Inverted T-Stenting and Small Protrusion (TAP Stenting) Technique for Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: A New Technique
Authors: Mehmet Bilge, Ayse Saatci Yasar, Sina Ali, Recai Alemdar, Özgür Kırbas, Özge Kurmus, Turgay Aslan, Bilge Karaduman Duran, Cemal Koseoglu, Mehmet Erdogan, Mustafa Duran, Serkan Sivri, Filiz Özçelik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Landmark article, Aug 30, 1884: Dermatitis herpetiformis. By Louis A. Duhring
Authors: L. A. Duhring
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Under the name Dermatitis Herpetiformis I propose to place a number of cases of skin disease that I have encountered from time to time. These cases at present are for the most part nameless, having been regarded and diagnosed, either as peculiar manifestations of one or another of the commoner and well-known diseases, as eczema, herpes, or pemphigus, or, in some cases, as undescribed diseases. From these remarks it will be inferred that the disease is rare, and such in a measure is the fact. At the same time I have met with a sufficient number of cases during the last fifteen years, to warrant the view that the disease is worthy of a special description and a name. I first recognized the affection as being peculiar as far back as 1871, but with the few cases observed at that time was at a loss to classify or to treat
EWS/ATF1 expression induces sarcomas from neural crest–derived cells in mice
Authors: Kazunari Yamada, Takatoshi Ohno, Hitomi Aoki, Katsunori Semi, Akira Watanabe, Hiroshi Moritake, Shunichi Shiozawa, Takahiro Kunisada, Yukiko Kobayashi, Junya Toguchida, Katsuji Shimizu, Akira Hara, Yasuhiro Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignant tumor characterized by a unique t(12;22) translocation that leads to the expression of a chimeric EWS/ATF1 fusion gene. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the involvement of EWS/ATF1 in CCS development. In addition, the cellular origins of CCS have not been determined. Here, we generated EWS/ATF1-inducible mice and examined the effects of EWS/ATF1 expression in adult somatic cells. We found that forced expression of EWS/ATF1 resulted in the development of EWS/ATF1-dependent sarcomas in mice. The histology of EWS/ATF1-induced sarcomas resembled that of CCS, and EWS/ATF1-induced tumor cells expressed CCS markers, including S100, SOX10, and MITF. Lineage-tracing experiments indicated that neural crest–derived cells were subject to EWS/ATF1-driven transformation. EWS/ATF1 directly induced Fos in an ERK-independent manner. Treatment of human and EWS/ATF1-induced CCS tumor cells with FOS-targeted siRNA attenuated proliferation. These findings demonstrated that FOS mediates the growth of EWS/ATF1-associated sarcomas and suggest that FOS is a potential therapeutic target in human CCS.
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 deficiency causes a recessive metabolic bone disorder resembling lethal/severe osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Wayne A Cabral, Weizhong Chang, Aileen M Barnes, MaryAnn Weis, Melissa A Scott, Sergey Leikin, Elena Makareeva, Natalia V Kuznetsova, Kenneth N Rosenbaum, Cynthia J Tifft, Dorothy I Bulas, Chahira Kozma, Peter A Smith, David R Eyre, Joan C Marini
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Infectious Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Tsutomu Watanabe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN 1959, in Japan, Ochiai and Akiba and their collaborators first discovered that resistance to several antimicrobial agents could be transferred among enteric bacteria in vitro. This phenomenon, which has become known as infectious drug resistance, is one of special interest to the microbial geneticist, but it is also of great potential importance in clinical medicine. This paper emphasizes the medical aspects of this subject and discusses some of the genetic data that are relevant to its medical importance.A multiple-drug-resistant shigella was first isolated in Japan by Kitamoto et al. (1956) from a patient with dysentery who had just . . .
The transition metal gallium disrupts Pseudomonas aeruginosa iron metabolism and has antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity
Authors: Yukihiro Kaneko, Matthew Thoendel, Oyebode Olakanmi, Bradley E. Britigan, Pradeep K. Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

A novel antiinfective approach is to exploit stresses already imposed on invading organisms by the in vivo environment. Fe metabolism is a key vulnerability of infecting bacteria because organisms require Fe for growth, and it is critical in the pathogenesis of infections. Furthermore, humans have evolved potent Fe-withholding mechanisms that can block acute infection, prevent biofilm formation leading to chronic infection, and starve bacteria that succeed in infecting the host. Here we investigate a "Trojan horse" strategy that uses the transition metal gallium to disrupt bacterial Fe metabolism and exploit the Fe stress of in vivo environments. Due to its chemical similarity to Fe, Ga can substitute for Fe in many biologic systems and inhibit Fe-dependent processes. We found that Ga inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation and kills planktonic and biofilm bacteria in vitro. Ga works in part by decreasing bacterial Fe uptake and by interfering with Fe signaling by the transcriptional regulator pvdS. We also show that Ga is effective in 2 murine lung infection models. These data, along with the fact that Ga is FDA approved (for i.v. administration) and there is the dearth of new antibiotics in development, make Ga a potentially promising new therapeutic for P. aeruginosa infections.
Association Between Efavirenz-Based Compared With Nevirapine-Based Antiretroviral Regimens and Virological Failure in HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Elizabeth D. Lowenthal, Jonas H. Ellenberg, Edwin Machine, Aditi Sagdeo, Sefelani Boiditswe, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Richard Rutstein, Gabriel Anabwani, Robert Gross
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Worldwide, the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) efavirenz and nevirapine are commonly used in first-line antiretroviral regimens in both adults and children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Data on the comparative effectiveness of these medications in children are limited.To investigate whether virological failure is more likely among children who initiated 1 or the other NNRTI-based HIV treatment.Retrospective cohort study of children (aged 3-16 years) who initiated efavirenz-based (n = 421) or nevirapine-based (n = 383) treatment between April 2002 and January 2011 at a large pediatric HIV care setting in Botswana.The primary outcome was time from initiation of therapy to virological failure. Virological failure was defined as lack of plasma HIV RNA suppression to less than 400 copies/mL by 6 months or confirmed HIV RNA of 400 copies/mL or greater after suppression. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis compared time to virological failure by regimen. Multivariable Cox regression controlled for age, sex, baseline immunologic category, baseline clinical category, baseline viral load, nutritional status, NRTIs used, receipt of single-dose nevirapine, and treatment for tuberculosis.With a median follow-up time of 69 months (range, 6-112 months; interquartile range, 23-87 months), 57 children (13.5%; 95% CI, 10.4%-17.2%) initiating treatment with efavirenz and 101 children (26.4%; 95% CI, 22.0%-31.1%) initiating treatment with nevirapine had virological failure. There were 11 children (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.3%-4.6%) receiving efavirenz and 20 children (5.2%; 95% CI, 3.2%-7.9%) receiving nevirapine who never achieved virological suppression. The Cox proportional hazard ratio for the combined virological failure end point was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.7; log rank P < .001, favoring efavirenz). None of the measured covariates affected the estimated hazard ratio in the multivariable analyses.Among children aged 3 to 16 years infected with HIV and treated at a clinic in Botswana, the use of efavirenz compared with nevirapine as initial antiretroviral treatment was associated with less virological failure. These findings may warrant additional research evaluating the use of efavirenz and nevirapine for pediatric patients.
Minimal Pressure Neuropathy
Authors: Donald B. Douglas
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This communication is offered in the hope that your readers may be able to confirm my observation on two forms of what might be characterized as "minimal pressure neuropathy." A specific rhythmic twitching of the first dorsal interosseus muscle results in small regular abduction motions of the index finger. This is at times accompanied by matching adduction motions of the thumb in the same rhythm. These persons have subjected the arm or wrist to a mild pressure over the ulnar nerve, most often by a watchband. Improvement or disappearance of the symptoms follows removal of the source of the pressure. Fasciculatory twitching of the small muscles of the lower eyelid, just under the eye, usually one-sided, less often bilaterally with one side worse, appears in an irregular, recurrent, or remittent course. Our usual diagnostic categories identify several patterns of facial movement disorder, none of which apply satisfactorily
Reiter's Syndrome and Reactive Arthritis in Perspective
Authors: Andrew Keat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

REITER'S syndrome or disease is a well-recognized condition. It is now some 40 years since Bauer and Engleman proposed that the concurrence of a polyarthritis or monoarthritis, nongonococcal urethritis, and ocular inflammation should be regarded as a characteristic clinical syndrome.1 They concluded that an infectious cause was likely, but emphasized the lack of proof of this and the possibility that there were multiple etiologic factors.Unfortunately, the implication of the diagnosis varies considerably from one physician to another, since the condition is incompletely understood and lacks a unique definition. The breadth of the clinical spectrum of this condition is only . . .
HLA Match Likelihoods for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Grafts in the U.S. Registry
Authors: Loren Gragert, Mary Eapen, Eric Williams, John Freeman, Stephen Spellman, Robert Baitty, Robert Hartzman, J. Douglas Rizzo, Mary Horowitz, Dennis Confer, Martin Maiers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially lifesaving therapy for several blood cancers and other diseases. For patients without a suitable related HLA-matched donor, unrelated-donor registries of adult volunteers and banked umbilical cord-blood units, such as the Be the Match Registry operated by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), provide potential sources of donors. Our goal in the present study was to measure the likelihood of finding a suitable donor in the U.S. registry.Using human HLA data from the NMDP donor and cord-blood-unit registry, we built population-based genetic models for 21 U.S. racial and ethnic groups to predict the likelihood of identifying a suitable donor (either an adult donor or a cord-blood unit) for patients in each group. The models incorporated the degree of HLA matching, adult-donor availability (i.e., ability to donate), and cord-blood-unit cell dose.Our models indicated that most candidates for HSCT will have a suitable (HLA-matched or minimally mismatched) adult donor. However, many patients will not have an optimal adult donor--that is, a donor who is matched at high resolution at HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1. The likelihood of finding an optimal donor varies among racial and ethnic groups, with the highest probability among whites of European descent, at 75%, and the lowest probability among blacks of South or Central American descent, at 16%. Likelihoods for other groups are intermediate. Few patients will have an optimal cord-blood unit--that is, one matched at the antigen level at HLA-A and HLA-B and matched at high resolution at HLA-DRB1. However, cord-blood units mismatched at one or two HLA loci are available for almost all patients younger than 20 years of age and for more than 80% of patients 20 years of age or older, regardless of racial and ethnic background.Most patients likely to benefit from HSCT will have a donor. Public investment in donor recruitment and cord-blood banks has expanded access to HSCT. (Funded by the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services.).