tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Nondiscriminant Gonococcus
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Liberated or not, no woman is flattered by the notion that women are the only carriers of covert gonorrheal infection. Nor is she pleased by the thoroughness with which public health agencies trace female contacts of infected men, as contrasted with their laissez-faire in tracking down male contacts of infected women. Her pride is not readily placated by the plausible explanation that because gonorrhea in men is always floridly overt, infected men will seek medical attention of their own accord.  How valid is this explanation? Can men be exonerated from harboring covert gonorrheal infection?  Studies in the Norfolk Venereal Disease Clinic 1,2 demonstrated that about 10% of men exposed to infected women harbored Neisseria gonorrheae in their urethras without manifesting any symptoms. In 8.3%, the organisms persisted from 8 to 56 days after exposure. None would have known that he was a reservoir of infectious organisms—a danger to himself and
140 PERITONEAL ALBUMIN DIALYSIS AS A NOVEL APPROACH FOR LIVER SUPPORT. RESULTS IN A PORCINE MODEL OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
Authors: N. Arkadopoulos, G. Defterevos, A. Papalois, G. Fragulidis, K. Nastos, N. Papoutsidakis, K. Kalimeris, C. Kostopanagiotou, T. Nomikos, V. Margelos, A. Pafiti, G. Kardasis, G. Kostopanagiotou, V. Smyrniotis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Intravenous Hyoscine as a Premedication for Colonoscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: K. Y. Yoong, D. Perkin, J. Portal, I. Strickland, T. Heymann
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: There is wide variation in the use of antispasmodics to facilitate colonoscopy, both within and between countries, and its use before such procedures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any objective benefit in using hyoscine as a premedication for colonoscopy in a district general hospital. Patients and Methods: Consecutive day-case patients undergoing colonoscopy were included in the study. They were prospectively randomly allocated to receive either intravenous hyoscine (n = 61) or intravenous placebo (n = 56) as part of their premedication. Results: Our analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the median time from colonoscope insertion to caecal intubation (9.7 minutes in the hyoscine group vs. 8.3 minutes in the placebo group) or the median total procedure time (14.8 minutes in the hyoscine group vs. 13.8 minutes in the placebo group). There was also no statistically significant difference in success rates for caecal intubation between the two groups (P < 0.06). However a type II error cannot be excluded because of the small sample size. Conclusion: This study demonstrated no obvious benefit in the routine use of hyoscine as a premedication for colonoscopy in a district general hospital setting.
Reducing Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia in a Population-Based Cohort of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Over the Decade 2000–2009
Authors: Susan M. O'Connell, Matthew N. Cooper, Max K. Bulsara, Elizabeth A. Davis, Timothy W. Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine rates of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in a large population-based cohort of children with type 1 diabetes and relationships to HbA(1c).Data from 1,683 children (mean [SD] age at diagnosis 10.5 [4.2]; range 1-18 years) from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed from the Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database. Rates of SH were related to HbA(1c) using negative binomial regression.A total of 7,378 patient-years of data and 780 SH events were recorded. The rate of SH per 100 patient-years peaked at 17.3 in 2001 and then declined from 2004 to a nadir of 5.8 in 2006. HbA(1c) <7% was not associated with higher risk of SH (incidence rate ratio 1.2 [95% CI 0.9-1.6], P = 0.29) compared with HbA(1c) of 8-9%.In a sample of youth with type 1 diabetes, there has been a decrease in rates of SH and a weaker relationship with glycemic control than previously observed.
Review: In AF with CKD, novel oral anticoagulants reduce stroke or systemic embolism compared with warfarin
Authors: Thomas DeLoughery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Providência R, Marijon E, Boveda S, et al. Meta-analysis of the influence of chronic kidney disease on the risk of thromboembolism among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:646-53. 25001152
A CASE OF VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS AND CROSSED AMBLYOPIA WITH VASCULAR AND DEGENERATIVE LESIONS IN THE CALCARINE CORTEX AND OTHER PORTIONS OF THE OCCIPITAL LOBE; ALSO WITH ATROPHY OF THE PREGENICULÆ AND OPTIC TRACTS
Authors: Chas K. Mills, C. D. Camp
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1905)
Family Cancer Syndrome
Authors: David J. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the article by Li and Fraumeni entitled Prospective Study of a Family Cancer Syndrome (1982;247:2692), it was stated that 70% of the individuals in four kindreds were affected with the development of cancer. This proportion is higher than that expected on the basis of an autosomal dominant mechanism. A previously reported study demonstrated a 50% risk, which is consistent with the hypothesis of essentially complete penetrance of a dominant gene. 1   The difference between the observed rate and the expected rate is an artifact in calculation. A proper segregation analysis that corrects for the bias of ascertainment is necessary in this instance. The kindreds include sibships with only one member, which inflates the number affected. Individuals in the direct line of ascent from the proband have the same effect. It has been shown that the most appropriate procedure is to discard the probands as well as
Miasmas and Disease: Public Health and the Environment in the Pre-Industrial Age
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Readers of this excellent treatise may be prompted to ask whether some of our present attitudes and social actions in the face of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are much advanced over those of the citizens and officials of Italian city-states in the 17th century who were confronted by the threat of plague. In both eras, public reactions have ranged from apathy to hysteria, and official policies and actions have been adopted that include ostracism and quarantine, as well as more rational public health measures. Carlo Cipolla, a noted historian of early modern Europe, has written more broadly on these subjects in<i>Public Health and the Medical Profession in the Renaissance</i>(New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 1973), and the present volume, a brief, concise, and objective account based on the archives of the Florence Health Magistracy in the first 30 years of the 17th century, could be considered an expanded
OC-016 Human colorectal adenoma growth is characterised by periods of quiescence and rapid clonal expansion: Abstract OC-016 Figure 1
Authors: A Humphries, T A Graham, B Cereser, S A McDonald, N A Wright
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Very little is known about the dynamics and rates of adenoma growth in the human colon. Longitudinal barium and endoscopic studies demonstrate most smaller adenomas to be static over many years, with a significant proportion even regressing.<sup>1 2</sup> We have recently shown that methylation patterns at CpG loci within non-expressed genes can be used to infer the dynamics of clonal expansion in the normal human colon.<sup>3</sup> By combining clonal mutational analysis with sampling of these methylation patterns for crypts within human adenomas, we aimed to learn more about how these important pre-malignant epithelial lesions grow. <h3>Methods</h3> Fresh frozen human adenomas were screened for common tumourigenic mutations known to occur in adenoma progression. Multiple individual crypts spaced across the whole lesion were then laser-capture micro-dissected, the mutation(s) detected at screening confirmed and methylation tags at CpG islands of non-expressed genes sampled in order to infer dynamics and patterns of growth. <h3>Results</h3> Crypts within adenomas clonal for <i>APC</i> and <i>KRAS</i> mutations demonstrated significantly less methylation pattern diversity than those from adenomas that were clonal for an <i>APC</i> mutation only, suggesting there had been a recent, rapid clonal expansion in the <i>APC</i>/<i>KRAS</i> mutated lesions. Genetically distinct sub-clones could be identified within adenomas, and analysis of methylation patterns showed them to be expanding rapidly. There was no correlation between the spatial separation of crypts and their respective epigenetic distances—as measured by comparisons of crypt methylation patterns—within the adenomas studied. Therefore, in those lesions that had not undergone a recent clonal expansion, there had been a sufficient time period of little or no growth to allow the methylation patterns of neighbouring crypts to diverge. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data collected here suggests that human adenomas display punctuated growth, characterised by periods of relative quiescence and rapid clonal expansion. Further data collection and analysis should allow the relative growth rates of genetically distinct lesions and sub-clones within adenomas to be estimated, and may help better inform our management and follow-up of patients with these lesions. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Hofstad B</b>, <i>et al. Gut</i> 1996;<b>39</b>:449–56. 2. <b>Welin</b>, <i>et al. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med</i> 1963;<b>90</b>:673–87. 3. <b>Graham TA</b>, <i>et al. Gastroenterology</i> 2011;<b>140</b>:1241–50.
Decreasing the pain of local anesthesia: A prospective, double-blind comparison of buffered, premixed 1% lidocaine with epinephrine versus 1% lidocaine freshly mixed with epinephrine
Authors: Carrine A. Burns, Georgette Ferris, Changyong Feng, Jennifer Z. Cooper, Marc D. Brown
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
GSK3-mediated MAF phosphorylation in multiple myeloma as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: N I Herath, N Rocques, A Garancher, A Eychène, C Pouponnot
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy characterised by the proliferation of mature antibody-secreting plasma B cells in the bone marrow. MM can arise from initiating translocations, of which the musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) family is implicated in ∼5%. MMs bearing Maf translocations are of poor prognosis. These translocations are associated with elevated Maf expression, including c-MAF, MAFB and MAFA, and with t(14;16) and t(14;20) translocations, involving c-MAF and MAFB, respectively. c-MAF is also overexpressed in MM through MEK/ERK activation, bringing the number of MMs driven by the deregulation of a Maf gene close to 50%. Here we demonstrate that MAFB and c-MAF are phosphorylated by the Ser/Thr kinase GSK3 in human MM cell lines. We show that LiCl-induced GSK3 inhibition targets these phosphorylations and specifically decreases proliferation and colony formation of Maf-expressing MM cell lines. Interestingly, bortezomib induced stabilisation of Maf phosphorylation, an observation that could explain, at least partially, the low efficacy of bortezomib for patients carrying Maf translocations. Thus, GSK3 inhibition could represent a new therapeutic approach for these patients.
Maternal Progestins as a Possible Cause of Hypospadias
Authors: Dagfinn Aarskog
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

HYPOSPADIAS is a common anomaly of the urogenital system. The prevalence rate reported by various birth-defect monitoring programs shows a rather wide variation, ranging from about five per 10,000 to about 30 per 10,000 births. During recent years increasing incidence has been reported from England and Wales1 and Norway.2 In the United States the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, has noted an annual increase in the reported incidence of 3 per cent per year from 1970 to 1975. Though relatively small, this increase was nevertheless statistically highly significant (P<0.0001).3 More frequent recognition and reporting of the condition may explain . . .
Handbook of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Kelly G. Lambert
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adding ingredients to the self-organizing dynamic system stew: Motivation, communication, and higher-level emotions – and don't forget the genes!
Authors: Ross Buck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Self-organizing dynamic systems (DS) modeling is appropriate to conceptualizing the relationship between emotion and cognition-appraisal. Indeed, DS modeling can be applied to encompass and integrate additional phenomena at levels lower than emotional interpretations (genes), at the same level (motives), and at higher levels (social, cognitive, and moral emotions). Also, communication is a phenomenon involved in dynamic system interactions at all levels.
950-93 Automatic Identification of Calcified Regions on Intravascular Ultrasound Images of Human Coronary Arteries Using Texture Analysis
Authors: Marco Masseroli, Robert M. Cothren, E. Murat Tuzcu, Dominique S. Meier, James D. Thomas, Stephen E. Nissen, J. Fredrick Cornhill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
CONCERNING SOME VACCINAL ERUPTIONS.
Authors: HENRY W. STELWAGON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<i>The discussion which followed this address at the Saratoga meeting was, by an error, omitted last week (The Journal, November 22, p. 1291). It is as follows:</i> <h3>DISCUSSION.</h3> Dr. M. B. Hartzell, Philadelphia—This subject is one which has been very much neglected. There is no doubt that eruptions of various kinds may follow vaccination, some of them at times serious, perhaps even dangerous to life. I think it would be worth while for those interested in diseases of the skin to study this subject carefully. The whole subject is in a good deal of confusion, and I regret to say that many physicians, as well as the laity, are inclined to regard vaccination as responsible for all sorts of things. Personally, it has seemed to me unscientific that vaccination should be regarded as a cure for anything or a preventive of anything but variola, yet the layman is convinced that
Applicability of ultrasonic tissue characterization for longitudinal assessment and differentiation of calcification and fibrosis in cardiomyopathy
Authors: Julio E. Pérez, Benico Barzilai, Eric I. Madaras, Robert M. Glueck, Jeffrey E. Saffitz, Patrick Johnston, James G. Miller, Burton E. Sobel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
In vitro regeneration of the barrier to water penetration in human epidermis
Authors: J. P. ASTLEY, M. LEVINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A method is presented for simultaneous in vitro growth and measurement of permeability of human skin. During culture of specimens, the parakeratotic layer formed is shown to possess considerable barrier function. Maximum barrier capacity of this layer in vitro is attained at 14–17 days’ incubation. When the stratum corneum is removed prior to incubation, the maximum barrier capacity is reached in 3–4 days. The difference in behaviour between intact and stripped skin is reflected in the pattern of DNA synthesis of the basal cells, which show an enhanced proliferation after stripping. Barrier regeneration of stripped skin is seen closely to resemble the parallel situation in vivo.
Number of items dispensed in Wales rose by 5% after prescriptions became free
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

New data show that Wales dispenses an average of 20.9 prescription items per head of population, more than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. The figure is 17.7 items in Northern Ireland, 16 in Scotland, and 15.7 in England.

The data on GPs’ prescriptions, which cover the 12 months since free prescriptions were introduced in Wales on 1 April last year, show that the number of prescription items dispensed rose from 59.1 …
&lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/EMPH&gt; Infection and Gastric Cancer—For Want of More Outcomes
Authors: Julie Parsonnet
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fibrinogen deficiency is compatible with the development of atherosclerosis in mice.
Authors: Q Xiao, M J Danton, D P Witte, M C Kowala, M T Valentine, J L Degen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

A critical role of the coagulation system in the development of atherosclerosis has been frequently postulated based on a variety of indirect observations, including the expression of procoagulants and fibrinolytic factors within atherosclerotic vessels, the presence of substantial amounts of fibrin(ogen) and fibrin degradation products within intimal lesions, the cellular infiltration and assimilation of mural thrombi into developing plaques, and the identification of high plasma fibrinogen (Fib) levels as an independent risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease. To directly examine the role of fibrin(ogen) in atherogenesis, Fib-deficient mice were crossed to atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apo E)-deficient mice. Both apo E-/- and apo E-/-/Fib-/- mice developed lesions throughout the entire aortic tree, ranging in appearance from simple fatty streaks to complex fibrous plaques. Furthermore, remarkably little difference in lesion size and complexity was observed within the aortae of age- and gender-matched apo E-/- and apo E-/-/Fib-/- mice. These results indicate that the contribution of fibrin(ogen) to intimal mass and local cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation is not strictly required for the development of advanced atherosclerotic disease in mice with a severe defect in lipid metabolism.
Intrahepatic hepatitis C RNA levels do not correlate with degree of liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P H McGuinness, G A Bishop, D M Painter, R Chan, G W McCaughan
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The balance between a direct cytopathic effect by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and immune-mediated injury remains unclear. This report aims to test the following hypotheses: (1) that intrahepatic HCV load would correlate with the degree of liver injury; (2) that interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) would decrease intrahepatic HCV-RNA levels. Liver tissues (n = 56) were obtained from 47 patients with chronic HCV (9 before and after IFN-alpha therapy). Total RNA was isolated and quantitated for specific HCV RNA by dot-blot polymerase chain reaction (DB-PCR) using a standard curve created from synthetic HCV RNA of known titer to calculate actual RNA levels. A multivariate analysis was undertaken to determine the relationship of intrahepatic HCV-RNA levels with risk factors, length of HCV exposure, and histological injury scores. The confounding effect of HCV genotype was examined by direct sequencing of the NS5b region. Liver HCV RNA ranged from 10(2) to 3.1 x 10(7) molecules per microgram total liver RNA. The multiple regression analysis showed no effect of length of HCV exposure, risk factors, degree of bile duct damage, steatosis, or total Scheuer or Knodell score on RNA levels. No significant confounding effect of HCV genotype on the degree of liver injury was observed. However, genotype 1b had a significantly higher mean intrahepatic HCV-RNA load compared with the other genotypes detected. In the 9 patients who received IFN-alpha, treatment, 7 had no detectable HCV after treatment. This was associated with a significant decrease in intrahepatic HCV-RNA levels (7.57 +/- 2.53 X 10(5) to 1.82 +/- 1.80 x 10(3) molecules per microgram total liver RNA +/- SEM, n = 9, P = .0005). These results do not directly support our hypothesis that increased intrahepatic HCV load is associated with more severe liver injury. Intrahepatic viral load appears to be significantly increased in patients with genotype lb. IFN-alpha treatment does significantly lower intrahepatic HCV load.
Negative effect of KIR alloreactivity in recipients of umbilical cord blood transplant depends on transplantation conditioning intensity
Authors: Claudio G. Brunstein, John E. Wagner, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Sarah Cooley, Harriet Noreen, Juliet N. Barker, Todd DeFor, Michael R. Verneris, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller
Journal: Blood (2009)
EXTRACARDIAC INJECTION OF PLASMID VEGF165 IMPROVES MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION BY STIMULATING MYOCYTES TO RE-ENTER THE CELL CYCLE IN SWINE WITH HIBERNATING MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Mohamad Bourji, Gen Suzuki, Techung Lee, John M. Canty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)