tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foetal Haemorrhage into the Maternal Circulation
Authors: J. A. Easton, C. J. Priest, H. D. Nunn, K. L. G. Goldsmith
Journal: BMJ (1966)

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242. The Use of AAV Serotype 1 Vector for Expression of α-Galactosidase A in Fabry Knockout Mice
Authors: Koichi Ogawa, Yukihiko Hirai, Katsuko Zenri-Aihara, Yoshitaka Fukunaga, Takashi Shimada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder due to a deficiency of |[alpha]|-galactosidase A (|[alpha]|-galA) which leads to the systemic of neutral glycosphingolipids predominantly ceramide trihexoside (Gb3). Fabry disease is an important target for gene therapy. First, |[alpha]|-galA is secreted and recaptured by the surrounding and distant cells. This phenomenon is called cross-correction and is the rational for enzyme replacement therapy. Second, Gb3 accumulates in all organs, but the neurological involvement is minimal. Therefore, it is not necessary to treat the brain guarded by the blood brain barrier. Overexpression of |[alpha]|-galA in any organs such as muscle or liver as reservoirs may be sufficient for treatment of Fabry disease. Using type 2 AAV vector, we have previously shown that expression of |[alpha]|-galA in muscle can achieve long-term correction of biochemical, histological, and functional abnormalities of all organs in |[alpha]|-galA knockout mice. These results strongly indicate that clinical gene therapy of Fabry disease is highly realistic. To optimize the clinical protocol, we examined the utility of type 1 AAV vector carrying the human |[alpha]|-galA cDNA driven by the CAG promoter and the GFP marker expression unit. The vector (1.5 |[times]| 1011 vector genomes) was injected into the quadriceps muscle (IM) or the tail vein (IV) of Fabry knockout mice and |[alpha]|-galA activity in plasma was monitored periodically. The time course of plasma |[alpha]|-galA levels is remarkably different between AAV subtype 2 and 1. In a previous study using AAV2 vector, the enzyme levels increased slowly and reached to a plateau at 6-8 weeks after IM. The plasma enzyme level at the plateau was approx. 25 % of that in normal mice (8|[ndash]|10 nmole/hr/ml: units) and persisted for more than 30 weeks. In contrast, after IM of the AAV1 vector, the enzyme activity in plasma was detectable (3-6 units) even at 1 week after injection, but then quickly decreased to the background level by 4 weeks. However, when the AAV1 was administered by IV, extremely high levels of enzyme activity, 40|[ndash]|1500 units, were observed at 2-4 weeks and these non-physiological high concentrations of |[alpha]|-galA enzyme persisted at least up to 10 weeks without any significant phenotypical changes. These results indicate that expression of |[alpha]|-galA mediated by AAV1 vector is very efficient compared with that by AAV2 vector but the duration of expression is affected by the routs of administration. A number of different subtypes of AAV vectors have been recently developed. Careful characterization of each subtype is required for optimization of clinical protocols of AAV mediated gene therapy.
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO WAXES FROM MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE
Authors: F. R. Sabin, K. C. Smithburn, R. M. Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. The waxes from the B. leprae, like those from tubercle bacilli, are remarkable stimulants of cells. 2. The crude wax separated from the B. leprae is a mixture of lipoids and other materials, and gives reactions that include the types of cells characteristic of the response to the tuberculo-polysaccharide, phosphatide, and wax. 3. The wax obtained from the purification of the lepra phosphatide shows similar cellular reactions but with a greater proportion of foreign body giant cells. 4. Leprosin, though a glyceride, corresponds in its physical properties to the unsaponifiable material from the tubercle bacillus. It stimulates two strains of cells, fibroblasts and monocytes. The monocytes fuse into foreign body giant cells to engulf the wax. 5. The cellular reaction to the leprosinic acid and to the crystalline alcohols is of one type only, represented by the foreign body giant cell.
Safety of chloral.
Authors: A. J. Hawes
Journal: BMJ (1968)

member) was not in fact transferred from organism to organism.R factors carrying resistance to as many as six antibiotics (in- cluding streptomycin, neomycin, and sulphonamide) could, however, be transferred between species as well as between individual strains.R factor transference seems at the moment to be confined to enteric bacteria (shigella, Escherichia coli, salmonella), and the importance of having an antibiotic such as colistin sulphate, specific against such groups of organisms, is self-evident.-Iam, etc.,
Tolerance to tumor necrosis factor in rats and the relationship to endotoxin tolerance and toxicity.
Authors: D L Fraker, M C Stovroff, M J Merino, J A Norton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Treatment of rats with recombinant human TNF initially causes a marked decrease in food intake, a loss of body weight, and a negative nitrogen balance. These alterations normalize with continued twice daily intraperitoneal injections of the same dose. Rats tolerized to TNF in this manner are refractory to a lethal dose of TNF. Also, TNF-pretreated and -tolerized rats have prolonged survival and reversed histopathologic changes after injection of a lethal dose of endotoxin compared with control animals. The TNF-tolerant state is dependent on the dose of TNF used and the length of TNF pretreatment. TNF-induced tolerance is relatively short lived, being present 2-4 d after TNF pretreatment and dissipating by 2 wk. Rats made tolerant to endotoxin are also tolerant to a lethal dose of TNF. A bidirectional crossreacting tolerance exists between TNF and endotoxin. The mechanism of TNF tolerance is unclear, but it does not appear to be due to a humoral immune response or a perturbation of the uptake and clearance of injected TNF.
Lasker Honors Cell Biologists, Psychiatrist
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Landmark study identifies major gaps in Australian healthcare
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Australian patients received appropriate care in only 57% of clinical encounters reviewed in a landmark new study that is galvanising efforts to improve care.

Researchers reviewed the medical records of 1154 patients from a population based sample of more than 15 000 people and assessed the management of 22 common conditions at 35 573 clinical encounters during 2009 and 2010.

Most of the care was provided by general practices and specialist practices and hospitals, but the study also included care given by chiropractic, physiotherapy, psychology, and mental health services.

Care was judged on 522 indicators developed from clinical guidelines and by expert reviewers.

The CareTrack study, conducted by researchers from the University of South Australia, University of New South Wales, and Kaiser Permanente in the United …
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE IN AID OF DISPLACED FOREIGN PHYSICIANS
Authors: George Baehr
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —An unfortunate aspect of the present situation in Germany is that it has brought misfortune to many of her scholars. These include the physicians and surgeons in professional and in academic positions, who are being forced to leave the country and seem doomed to forfeit their carefully prepared careers and opportunity for carrying on research. To save their services for the common good, organizations in several countries of Europe are working to secure for them positions outside of Germany. A similar organization has been formed in this country, which will work in conjunction with those abroad. This committee is called the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Physicians. Its form of organization and its methods are similar to those of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced German Scholars, of which Dr. Livingston Farrand, president of Cornell University, is chairman. Its purpose is to facilitate the
CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DETECTING LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE THROMBI COMPARED WITH TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. A META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE TRIALS
Authors: Jorge Romero, Omar Wever-Pinzon, Syed Arman Husain, Harikrishna Makani, Mario Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Matching Solutions and Problems
Authors: Norman W. Hoover
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In trying to solve complex mathematical equations, one looks for common denominators. The same approach needs to be applied to social issues. The search for unique solutions for singular problems is endlessly futile, because there are just too many problems. For three centuries, the instruments and methods of western technology have been carried to the rest of the world. As inverse imbalances of wealth and population have increased, both in part as the result of improved technology, that technology has become less generally applicable. The random exportation of "western" solutions has been repudiated by experience. Recognition of that fact was slow in coming and has brought a general counterreaction, that economic, cultural, and ecologic barriers preclude application of lessons gained from experience in one society to the circumstances of another. It is argued that systems must be designed specifically to meet each country's particular need. Between the extremes of capricious
Age-dependent glomerular damage in the rat. Dissociation between glomerular injury and both glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy. Male gender as a primary risk factor.
Authors: C Baylis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The glomerulus develops progressive injury with advancing age which is particularly pronounced in males and is not the result of any specific disease process. In the present studies conducted in rats, glomerular function and structure were examined in adult (8 mo), elderly (12 mo), and old (19 mo) Munich Wistar rats. Intact males and females and castrated rats of both sexes were studied to determine the role of the sex hormones in mediating age-dependent glomerular damage. Intact males developed glomerular injury and proteinuria whereas females, both intact and ovariectomized, and castrated males were protected from injury. Glomerular blood pressure did not increase with advancing age in any group and did not correlate with glomerular damage. Glomerular volume did increase with advancing age in all groups but did not correlate with glomerular damage. We found that the presence of the androgens rather than the absence of the estrogens provide the risk factor for development of age-dependent glomerular damage. Neither glomerular hypertension nor glomerular hypertrophy provide the primary mechanism by which age-dependent glomerular injury occurs in the intact male.
Finger wrinkling after immersion in water
Authors: D J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

cases, although in two female patients this was not obtained until necropsy.There were 19 female and two male patients, the mean age of presentation was 57 9 years, and seven patients (33%) were over the age of 65.These data reveal that in Tayside the annual incidence of primary biliary cirrhosis is 10-6 per million.On 31 December 1979 16 patients with the diagnosis were still alive, revealing the point prevalence as 40 2 per million.The incidence figure is almost twice that found by Dr Triger in Sheffield (5-8 per million), and by other workers in NE England (6-0 per million-as reported at the September
Inhibition of Acid-induced Lung Injury by Hyperosmolar Sucrose in Rats
Authors: Zeenat Safdar, Maimiti Yiming, Gabriele Grunig, Jahar Bhattacharya
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Acid aspiration causes acute lung injury (ALI). Recently, we showed that a brief intravascular infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose, given concurrently with airway acid instillation, effectively blocks the ensuing ALI.The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which intravascular infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose might protect against acid-induced ALI when given either before or after acid instillation.Our studies were conducted in anesthetized rats and in isolated, blood-perfused rat lungs. We instilled HCl through the airway, and we quantified lung injury in terms of the extravascular lung water (EVLW) content, filtration coefficient (Kfc), and cell counts and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage. We infused hyperosmolar sucrose via the femoral vein.In anesthetized rats, airway HCl instillation induced ALI as indicated by a 52% increase of EVLW and a threefold increase in Kfc. However, a 15-min intravenous infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose given up to 1 h before or 30 min after acid instillation markedly blunted the increases in EVLW, as well as the increases in cell count, and in protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Hyperosmolar pretreatment also blocked the acid-induced increase of Kfc. Studies in isolated perfused lungs indicated that the protective effect of hyperosmolar sucrose was leukocyte independent.We conclude that a brief period of vascular hyperosmolarity protects against acid-induced ALI when the infusion is administered shortly before, or shortly after, acid instillation in the airway. The potential applicability of hyperosmolar sucrose in therapy for ALI requires consideration.
Effects of digitalis on resting and isometric exercise myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: R Vogel, D Kirch, M LeFree, J Frischknecht, P Steele
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Digitalis has been shown to improve the impaired ventricular function associated with coronary artery disease as well as to increase myocardial oxygen consumption and produce coronary vasoconstriction. To elucidate the net result of these contrasting effects, six patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fractions less than 0.50 had 1.0 mCi thallium-201 injected intravenously at rest and during three minutes of 33% of maximal handgrip, off and on 0.25 mg daily maintenance digoxin. Thallium-201 scintigram images were taken 30 minutes later and were computer processed with orthogonal linearly interpolated background subtraction and maximal count density equalization. Processed images were visually graded on a 0, 1, or 2 scale for 18 sectors--nine from the AP projections and nine from the 40 degrees left anterior oblique projections. A score resulting from the summation of the 18 sector grades was made for each study, the maximum score being 36. Off digitalis, patients performing handgrip exercise decreased their scintigram scores from 25.7 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) to 23.0 +/- 1.0, P less than 0.05. When patients were on maintenance digoxin, scores did not change significantly during handgrip exercise. Post exercise scores were significantly higher on digoxin than off (P less than 0.05), whereas, resting scores were unaffected by digoxin. These data suggest that myocardial perfusion, as measured by thallium-201 uptake, is improved in patients on digitalis who have coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
Comparison of Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 Uptake in Musculoskeletal Lesions
Authors: ISIK ADALET, HARZEM OZGER, SEMA CANTEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The aim of this study was to make a comparison between the uptake of Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 in evaluation of musculoskeletal lesions. Fourteen cases were studied. Each study consisted of a Tl-201 study followed by a Tc-99m MIBI scan. In addition, a whole-body bone scan was performed in each patient to visualize bone metastases. Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI uptake were evaluated by visual assessment and by using lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio. The authors found increased Tl-201 uptake with a mean L/B ratio of 2.81 and less Tc-99m MIBI uptake with a mean L/B ratio of 2.18 in malignant lesions. Both agents showed lower uptake with mean L/B ratios of 1.6 and 1.2 in benign lesions, but there was no statistical difference between the uptakes of either Tl-201 or Tc-99m MIBI in those with malignant and those with benign lesions. In addition, false-positive imaging was observed with both Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI. The results demonstrated that Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI accumulations in musculoskeletal lesions are not specific for malignancy.
“Can I go on holiday, Doc?”
Authors: Melvyn H Brooks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In 1969, having just completed my house jobs, I was asked to do a general practitioner locum in Polegate, Eastbourne. The doctor had been trying to get away for a holiday for some time and was prepared to leave the practice with a novice such as myself. I managed to spend a few hours with him to learn about the running of the practice and then was left for the next two …
Chronic Carotid Sinus Compression in Dogs: A Study of Hemodynamic Changes with and without Sinus Denervation
Authors: J. Maxwell Little, A. Robert Cordell, Eugene A. Conrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

In two groups of dogs the carotid sinuses were chronically compressed bilaterally by the application of plastic Wakerlin clamps. In the first series of three dogs, the carotid sinus nerves were sectioned and the adjacent vessel walls thoroughly cleaned. Chronic carotid sinus compression resulted in an increase in arterial systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, average arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate over a period of 422 to 485 days. In the second series of five dogs, in which the carotid sinus innervation was preserved, chronic carotid sinus compression resulted in a variable but slight change in arterial systolic pressure, a consistent increase in diastolic pressure, a variable but slight change in average arterial pressure--with only one dog showing a consistent significant increase, a consistent decrease in pulse pressure, and a variable effect on heart rate over a period of 593 to 695 days. The daily administration of 6 Gm. of sodium chloride per day to the second series of dogs resulted in no appreciable changes in pressure. However, there was a tendency for the heart rate to decrease, with three dogs showing a significant decrease. When the salt administration was stopped, the heart rates returned to values near those observed prior to salt administration. The results suggest that in the first series of dogs, with the carotid sinuses denervated chronically, there is an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in peripheral resistance. In the second series of dogs, with innervation of the sinuses intact and with chronic compression, the results suggest a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in peripheral resistance.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: Franklin A. Stevens, A. R. Dochez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Strains of hemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of erysipelas agglutinate in a high percentage of instances with erysipelas immune sera. When agglutination occurs with one serum, the strain usually agglutinates with all other erysipelas sera. 2. Erysipelas immune sera agglutinate strains from erysipelas in a higher percentage of instances than they agglutinate scarlatinal strains. 3. Strains from miscellaneous pyogenic infections may agglutinate in these sera, but the percentage of positive reactions is low and a strain usually agglutinates in but one or two of several sera. 4. Erysipelas strains which agglutinate in immune sera are not necessarily identical, although identical strains may occur. Similarly, identical strains may occur among scarlatinal strains agglutinated by scarlatinal immune sera. 5. Erysipelas strains form a closely related group of hemolytic streptococci. Scarlatinal strains form an equally compact group. The two groups are related antigenically but less closely related than the strains within the groups. These groups are related to pyogenic strains, but less closely than they are related to each other. 6. Erysipelas, scarlatinal, or pyogenic strains which agglutinate in erysipelas or scarlatinal sera are capable of absorbing the agglutinin for all other strains except the homologous strain and strains identical with it. Strains identical with the homologous strain absorb the agglutinin completely. 7. Erysipelas or scarlatinal strains may absorb the common group agglutinin from their respective sera, when they are incapable of agglutination in these sera. 8. The agglutinogen is probably of complex or composite nature, with characteristic variations in the scarlet fever and erysipelas groups.
Essential role of nuclear factor-κB for NADPH oxidase activity in normal and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia leukocytes
Authors: Marcos Luengo-Blanco, Carolina Prando, Jacinta Bustamante, Walmir Cutrim Aragão-Filho, Paulo Vitor Soeiro Pereira, Jussara Rehder, Carolyn Padden, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Peter E. Newburger, Antonio Condino-Neto
Journal: Blood (2008)
Patricia Mary Tate (nee Tomlins)
Authors: C. Tomlins
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Before Emanuel Papper and a few colleagues made anaesthesiology a lifesaving specialty, surgeons were limited to operations of about an hour . . .otherwise the patient might not have woken up.Papper was one of a few anaesthetists who, after 1945, made the USA by far the greatest force in academic anaesthesia.By 1962 he had persuaded the National Institutes of Health to fund anaesthetic research.From these endeavours emerged the subspecialties of pain treatment and intensive care.Papper was born in 1915 in a tenement in Harlem, New York, to poor immigrant Jewish parents.His father was a stonemason; his mother, a social activist, insisted on hard work, honesty, and academic achievement.
Prognostic gene mutations and distinct gene- and microRNA-expression signatures in acute myeloid leukemia with a sole trisomy 8
Authors: H Becker, K Maharry, K Mrózek, S Volinia, A-K Eisfeld, M D Radmacher, J Kohlschmidt, K H Metzeler, S Schwind, S P Whitman, J H Mendler, Y-Z Wu, D Nicolet, P Paschka, B L Powell, T H Carter, M Wetzler, J E Kolitz, A J Carroll, M R Baer, M A Caligiuri, R M Stone, G Marcucci, C D Bloomfield
Journal: Leukemia (2014)