tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology and Natural History of Pressure Ulcers in Elderly Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Gary H. Brandeis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We analyzed prospective data from 19,889 elderly residents of 51 nursing homes from 1984 to 1985 to determine the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of pressure ulcers. Among all residents admitted to nursing homes, 11.3% possessed a stage II through stage IV pressure ulcer. For those residents admitted to the nursing home without pressure ulcers during the study period, the 1-year incidence was 13.2%. This increased to 21.6% by 2 years of nursing home stay. People already residing in a nursing home at the start of the study had a 1-year incidence of 9.5%, which increased to 20.4% by 2 years. Pressure ulcers were associated with an increased rate of mortality, but not hospitalization. Longitudinal follow-up of residents with pressure ulcers demonstrated that a majority of their lesions were healed by 1 year. Most of the improvement occurred early in a person's nursing home stay. Although nursing home residents with pressure ulcers have a higher mortality, with good medical care pressure ulcers can be expected to heal.
Abstract 1498: Alpha-Lipoic acid suppresses migration and invasiveness of thyroid cancer cells through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition .
Authors: Ji Min Han, Hyun-Jeung Choi, Ji Hye Yim, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Eui Young Kim, Won Bae Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recently known as a contributor to tumor progression and metastasis through several mechanisms including induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of alpha-Lipoic acid (ALA), a potential antioxidant, on EMT in thyroid cancer cell lines. Human thyroid cancer-derived cell lines, BCPAP (BRAF V600E), HTH83 (HRAS Q61R), CAL62 (KRAS G12R), BHT101 (BRAF V600E), and FTC133 (PTEN null) were treated with ALA, and changes in ROS generation were measured by DCFH-DA. The expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist were determined by immunoblot analysis. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch assay and by Boyden chamber assay. ALA significantly decreased intracellular ROS generation in most cell lines. The total amount of E-cadherin increased and those of vimentin and Twist decreased after ALA treatment in 4 thyroid cancer cell lines (BCPAP, HTH83, BHT101 and CAL62) in a dose-dependent manner (0.2∼1.0 mM). But, the changes in E-cadherin, vimentin and Twist were opposite in FTC133 cells. The cell migration and invasion ability decreased after treatment with ALA in all cell lines except FTC133 (PTEN null cell). These results suggest that ALA is a potential agent to inhibit EMT resulting in suppression of migration and of invasiveness in thyroid cancer cell lines with RAS or BRAF mutation, probably through reducing cellular amount of Twist. We suggest that it might be caused by antioxidant effects of ALA, but the exact mechanism of action of ALA is not clear yet. ALA could be a novel, potential agent to suppress metastasis of tumors in patients with thyroid cancer. Citation Format: Ji Min Han, Hyun-Jeung Choi, Ji Hye Yim, Won Gu Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Eui Young Kim, Won Bae Kim. Alpha-Lipoic acid suppresses migration and invasiveness of thyroid cancer cells through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1498
Renal expression of angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors during kidney damage
Authors: Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Vanesa Esteban, Yusuke Suzuki, Mónica Ruperez, Sergio Mezzano, Leopoldo Ardiles, Pilar Justo, Alberto Ortiz, Jesús Egido
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Impact of reduction in working hours for doctors in training on postgraduate medical education and patients' outcomes: systematic review
Authors: S. R. Moonesinghe, J. Lowery, N. Shahi, A. Millen, J. D. Beard
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To determine whether a reduction in working hours of doctors in postgraduate medical training has had an effect on objective measures of medical education and clinical outcome.Systematic review.Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, ERIC, and SIGLE were searched without language restriction for articles published between 1990 and December 2010. Reference lists and citations of selected articles.Studies that assessed the impact of a change in duty hours using any objective measure of outcome related to postgraduate medical training, patient safety, or clinical outcome. Any study design was eligible for inclusion.72 studies were eligible for inclusion: 38 reporting training outcomes, 31 reporting outcomes in patients, and three reporting both. A reduction in working hours from greater than 80 hours a week (in accordance with US recommendations) does not seem to have adversely affected patient safety and has had limited effect on postgraduate training. Reports on the impact of European legislation limiting working hours to less than 56 or 48 a week are of poor quality and have conflicting results, meaning that firm conclusions cannot be made.Reducing working hours to less than 80 a week has not adversely affected outcomes in patient or postgraduate training in the US. The impact of reducing hours to less than 56 or 48 a week in the UK has not yet been sufficiently evaluated in high quality studies. Further work is required, particularly in the European Union, using large multicentre evaluations of the impact of duty hours' legislation on objective educational and clinical outcomes.
Amantidine hydrochloride and the elderly.
Authors: J. T. Leeming
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Devonshire Colic SIR,-The report of a case of lead poisoning from home-made cider manufactured in Surrey (11 January, p. 98) is interesting.Here in Devon, the home of cider making, we have eradicated the disease these hundred years.But it used to be so common that it was known as the Devonshire colic.It was just over 200 years ago that Sir George Baker read his classic paper on the Cause of the Endemical colic of Devonshire to the College of Physicians, and had it printed and sent down into Devon, " with a particular view to giving to the inhabitants of the county of Devon the earliest intimation of their danger; in order that they may take the proper steps to preserve their health, and to secure the value of their property."Things move slowly in these parts, and it took a hundred years to get the message over to all the farmers and stop them mending their presses with lead.It was done, however.The lesson to be learnt from the case at Guildford is that history repeats itself in medicine as in all other things.-Iam, etc.,
Unraveling the IT Productivity Paradox — Lessons for Health Care
Authors: Spencer S. Jones, Paul S. Heaton, Robert S. Rudin, Eric C. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Debate is ongoing about the wisdom of the $27 billion federal investment driving the adoption of health information technology (IT). Debate about IT's productivity yield echoes earlier debates from other sectors of the economy, which carry important lessons.
Tumor immunity and autoimmunity induced by immunization with homologous DNA.
Authors: L W Weber, W B Bowne, J D Wolchok, R Srinivasan, J Qin, Y Moroi, R Clynes, P Song, J J Lewis, A N Houghton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The immune system can recognize self antigens expressed by cancer cells. Differentiation antigens are prototypes of these self antigens, being expressed by cancer cells and their normal cell counterparts. The tyrosinase family proteins are well characterized differentiation antigens recognized by antibodies and T cells of patients with melanoma. However, immune tolerance may prevent immunity directed against these antigens. Immunity to the brown locus protein, gp75/ tyrosinase-related protein-1, was investigated in a syngeneic mouse model. C57BL/6 mice, which are tolerant to gp75, generated autoantibodies against gp75 after immunization with DNA encoding human gp75 but not syngeneic mouse gp75. Priming with human gp75 DNA broke tolerance to mouse gp75. Immunity against mouse gp75 provided significant tumor protection. Manifestations of autoimmunity were observed, characterized by coat depigmentation. Rejection of tumor challenge required CD4(+) and NK1.1(+) cells and Fc receptor gamma-chain, but depigmentation did not require these components. Thus, immunization with homologous DNA broke tolerance against mouse gp75, possibly by providing help from CD4(+) T cells. Mechanisms required for tumor protection were not necessary for autoimmunity, demonstrating that tumor immunity can be uncoupled from autoimmune manifestations.
Use of Virtual Reality Simulation for Mission Rehearsal for Carotid Stenting
Authors: Christopher U. Cates, Amar D. Patel, William J. Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
London GP practices need 1bn investment, says Darzi report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The chair of the London Health Commission has called for £1bn over five years to rebuild or refurbish every GP practice in London, in what would be the biggest investment programme of its kind since 1948.

Last year the mayor of London, Boris Johnson, asked Ara Darzi to chair the commission. Darzi’s 170 page report, Better Health for London,1 contained 64 recommendations, including a ban on smoking in public parks, Oyster card discounts for commuters who walk some of their way to work, a restriction on fast food outlets near to schools, and the appointment of a London health commissioner.

In a letter to Londoners at the beginning of the report, Darzi said, “All of us should be ashamed at the state of many of London’s GP practices: the condition of most practices is poor or only ‘acceptable,’ and a staggering three …
Epidemiology of health and illness
Authors: Russell Viner, Robert Booy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Adolescents constitute a large percentage of the population, have a distinct pattern of health and illness, and are one subset of the population that has experienced little or least improvement in overall health status over the past 40 years. The youth demographicIn most developed countries young people aged between 10 and 20 years account for 13-15% of the population.The World Health Organization classifies young people as 10-24 year olds, with adolescence (10-19 years) and youth (15-24 years) overlapping within that age range.There were 7.6 million adolescents aged 10-19 years in the United Kingdom in mid-2000, making up 12.7% of the population.Projections suggest that the numbers of adolescents will grow by 8.5% between 1998 and 2011.Health problems among adolescents seem to be increasing.This partly reflects a rise in the proportions of black and other ethnic minority groups in the adolescent population.Ethnic diversity is greater in young people than in the general UK population, and minority ethnicity is linked to poor health outcomes in adolescence, such as suicide, teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and mental disorders; the most plausible link is through socioeconomic disadvantage.
South Asian health: what is to be done?
Authors: Malvinder S Parmar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Asian health: what is to be done? Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will benefit allEditor-The BMJ deserves credit for providing the spark necessary to activate the medical community of the South Asian countries, with their limited resources, unstable governments, and uncommitted politicians pitching in with solutions for public health problems.Amalgamation of South Asia's medical community will ensure benefits to all its constituents.Strength will flow from unity of purpose focused on achievable targets with a structured and pragmatic plan of realistic objectives.The impossible can be made possible.There is a wealth of talent and experience in the South Asian countries in traditional and complementary systems of medicine, which have great potential for providing relief to millions of people at minimal or no cost to the exchequer.Ayurveda, the unani system, homoeopathy, herbal medicine, yoga, and meditation are powerful modalities for providing some remedies to the poor and ailing population of South Asia.Education is the bedrock on which all health practices are based.Knowledge of cleanliness, sanitation, clean potable water, and basic amenities for primary health in every village is an admirable beginning.The public and private sectors have distinctive roles.There must be harmony, cooperation, discipline, and monitoring to ensure optimal use of resources.This needs to be orchestrated by the government agencies designated to run a country's health programmes.
Correlation of Australia Antigen With Posttransfusion Hepatitis
Authors: David J. Gocke
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Transfusion of blood containing Australia antigen was associated with development of hepatitis or an antibody response in 74% (31 of 42) recipients. However, hepatitis also occurs in recipients of antigen-negative donor blood. Further study is required to determine precisely how much hepatitis could be prevented by screening donor blood for Australia antigen. At present, it appears that about 25% of transfusion hepatitis could be prevented in this way, and we are optimistic that this figure can be revised upward.
Is the Iraqi birth defects report believable?
Authors: M. Savabieasfahani
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A report on the World Health Organization website now claims no evidence of adverse birth outcomes in Iraq.1 The undisclosed criteria for recruiting participants into this study “included areas that had and had not been exposed to bombardment or heavy fighting.”

In March 2013, a BBC documentary interviewed Ministry of Health researchers in Baghdad.2 Contrary to current claims, these researchers …
Vulval Varicose Veins in Pregnancy
Authors: H. Dodd, H. P. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1959)

It is suggested that y-radiation at 200 C. or at -150 C. is an unsatisfactory sterilizant for arterial homografts.The tensile strength measurements were carried out by one of us (A.V. P.) in the Department of Textile Industries of the University of Leeds.We are greatly indebted to
Psychological Meaning of Illness and Coping with Disease
Authors: Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

Personality configuration determining the patient's psychosocial reaction to illness was studied in 65 patients with intermittent claudication. The patients were interviewed and psychologically tested using the Rorschach test, Beck's depression inventory and Sauri's creativity inventory. The results showed four different psychosocial reactions to illness each combined with a specific personality constellation and resulting in different levels of cooperation in the treatment. The highest level of cooperation was achieved by patients who experienced disease as a loss and who felt rational sorrow over lost health. This was combined with a high level of psychic integrity. Those who experienced disease as a threat offered passive cooperation and displayed alexithymic features. Most inconsistent were patients who regarded disease as a challenge, making maladaptive attempts to master a disease-related threat. Disease experienced as a gain was an indication of psychic pathology and those patients refused totally to cooperate in the treatment.
Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension
Authors: Mattias Carlström, A. Erik G. Persson, Erik Larsson, Michael Hezel, Peter G. Scheffer, Tom Teerlink, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Reduced bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is a central pathophysiological event in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it was demonstrated that inorganic nitrate from dietary sources is converted in vivo to form nitrite, NO, and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. We tested the hypothesis that dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation may have therapeutic effects in a model of renal and cardiovascular disease. Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and chronic high-salt diet from 3 weeks of age developed hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, proteinuria, and histological as well as biochemical signs of renal damage and oxidative stress. Simultaneous nitrate treatment (0.1 or 1 mmol nitrate kg−1 day−1), with the lower dose resembling the nitrate content of a diet rich in vegetables, attenuated hypertension dose-dependently with no signs of tolerance. Nitrate treatment almost completely prevented proteinuria and histological signs of renal injury, and the cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were attenuated. Mechanistically, dietary nitrate restored the tissue levels of bioactive nitrogen oxides and reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma (malondialdehyde) and urine (Class VI F2-isoprostanes and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine). In addition, the increased circulating and urinary levels of dimethylarginines (ADMA and SDMA) in the hypertensive rats were normalized by nitrate supplementation. Dietary inorganic nitrate is strongly protective in this model of renal and cardiovascular disease. Future studies will reveal if nitrate contributes to the well-known cardioprotective effects of a diet rich in vegetables.
A NEW PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING LITHOLAPAXY
Authors: ALBERT E. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

During the last ten years, lithotomy has been written on extensively. Does this indicate that, in the advancement of surgical technic, lithotomy has become the operation of choice, or that litholapaxy is too dangerous a procedure? The advancement in prostatic surgery no doubt eliminates the stone cases that are complicated with a prostatic hypertrophy as these are today handled at the time of prostatectomy. We have always been of the opinion that in an uncomplicated case of vesical calculus lithotrity or litholapaxy is the operation of choice. <h3>OBJECTIONS TO THE PRESENT METHOD</h3> Objections to the present method may be divided into two groups: (1) when the plain lithotrite is used, and (2) when the cystoscopic lithotrite is employed. Under Group 1, the objections are that: (<i>a</i>) The operation is performed blindly. Everything depends on the sense of touch and good fortune. Neither the instrument nor the calculus is under the
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF HEAD OF FEMUR
Authors: A. Brownlee
Journal: BMJ (1932)

L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rEIA.ORA _ 2. The large numbers of polymorphs in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the fact that in subacute cases meningo- cocci may be very scarce.3. Cases of meningococcal infection with an onset resembling nephritis have been described.4. A prolonged course with relapses is one recognized form of meningococcal septicaemia.
Preventive Strategies in Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Thomas A. Barringer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I would like to commend Horsburgh et al<sup>1</sup>on their article entitled "Preventive Strategies in Sexually Transmitted Diseases for the Primary Care Physician" in the Aug 14 issue ofThe Journal. I would like to mention, however, that topical treatment with erythromycin and tetracycline is not definitely effective in preventing chlamydial conjunctivitis. It was interesting to note in their article that the recommendation to use erythromycin eye ointment for prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum by<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>received the highest recommendation based on one study performed by Hammerschlag et al.<sup>2</sup>Hammerschlag and colleagues recently repeated a prospective study to evaluate erythromycin, tetracycline, and silver nitrate drops for the prevention of chlamydial conjunctivitis in a somewhat larger population than in their original study. Of 118 infants born to<i>Chlamydia</i>-positive women, 11% who received silver nitrate, 13% who received erythromycin ointment, and 16% who received tetracycline ointment
On Various Words
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE idea that colonies of social insects are somehow equivalent to vast, multi-creatured organisms, possessing a collective intelligence and a gift for adaptation far superior to the sum of the individual inhabitants, had its origin in the papers of the eminent entomologist, William Morton Wheeler, who proposed the term "Superorganism" to describe the arrangement.1 From 1911 to the early 1950's this ranked as a central notion in entomology, attracting the attention of many fascinated nonentomologists. Maeterlinck2 and Marais3 wrote best selling books on the presumed soul that must exist somewhere in the nests of ants and termites.Then, unaccountably, the . . .
The Role of the Patient in Medical Education
Authors: Dana W. Atchley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SINCE THE GOAL of medical education is to produce physicians who can discover, cure, and prevent disease in people, the fundamental and essential role of the patient is self evident. Our problem is, therefore, to find the best methods for transforming the young layman into the accomplished physician who, as healer and scientist, expresses the true art of modern medicine. It is a difficult task, for no other profession encompasses as broad a spectrum of variables as does human biology. It is generally accepted that, in the face of such a task, we can hope to impart little more than a minor percentage of available knowledge, although constant presentation of the sources of knowledge and inculcation of good habits as to their use are feasible pedagogical projects. However, the most valuable asset of the medical school years is the implantation in the student of an appreciation of logic while developing
192 Early viral kinetics prediction of sustained virological response after 1 or 4 weeks of PEG-interferon-ALFA-2A and ribavirin therapy (Ditto-HCV project)
Authors: A NEUMANN, E HAGAI, S SCHALM, M VONWAGNER, G GERMANIDIS, Y LURIE, G MISSALE, M MARTELL, C HEZODE, F NEGRO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)