tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erlotinib in Lung Cancer — Molecular and Clinical Predictors of Outcome
Authors: Ming-Sound Tsao, Akira Sakurada, Jean-Claude Cutz, Chang-Qi Zhu, Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Jeremy Squire, Ian Lorimer, Tong Zhang, Ni Liu, Manijeh Daneshmand, Paula Marrano, Gilda da Cunha Santos, Alain Lagarde, Frank Richardson, Lesley Seymour, Marlo Whitehead, Keyue Ding, Joseph Pater, Frances A. Shepherd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A clinical trial that compared erlotinib with a placebo for non–small-cell lung cancer demonstrated a survival benefit for erlotinib. We used tumor-biopsy samples from participants in this trial to investigate whether responsiveness to erlotinib and its impact on survival were associated with expression by the tumor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR gene amplification and mutations.
The Primary Care of Seizure Disorders: A Practical Guide to the Evaluation and Comprehensive Management of Seizure Disorders
Authors: M-Marsel Mesulam
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The preface states that "This book is designed to help physicians who in the course of clinical practice care for patients who have epileptic seizures. The intention is to provide a thorough but concise treatment of the subject which may serve as a basic text as well as a handy reference source for solving problems as they arise on a case-by-case basis." The book remains faithful to this purpose. There are ten chapters, which cover topics such as clinical evaluation, genetic aspects, electroencepholography, treatment on a routine and emergency basis, psychiatric issues, and medicolegal aspects. The emphasis is very much on practical management. This is handled with an approach comfortably anchored in good common sense. The one area that receives less emphasis than it merits is the psychiatric ramifications of temporal lobe epilepsy. This type of epilepsy has been associated with a wide spectrum of syndromes ranging from dissociative states
Abstract 4183: Ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2B associates with better survival of colorectal cancers through inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis
Authors: Xiyong Liu, Xiaochen Wang, Sofia Loera, Jun Wu, Shuya Hu, Keqiang Zhang, Mei-ling Kuo, Lijun Xue, Lun Zhou, Hang Zhang, Yan Wang, Bingshen Zhou, Peiguo Chu, Rebecca Nelson, Lirong Chen, Shu Zheng, Suzhan Zhang, Lily Lai, Yun Yen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that RRM2B suppresses the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Here, we examined the hypothesis that RRM2B may be related to better survivability and serve as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). The RRM2B-overexpressing transfectant HCT-116/RRM2B or the corresponding vector control transfectant was implanted into NSG mouse to generate orthotopic xenograft mouse models. The lung and liver metastasis occurred in 60% of the HCT-116/vector mice (3 of 5 cases) but in none of the HCT-116/RRM2B mice (0 of 6 cases). The outcome studies were conducted on a training set with 103 CRC cases and were validated on a set with 220 consecutive CRC cases. All participants underwent surgery and periodically followed-up to determine survivability. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted on tissue arrays to determine the expression level of RRM2B. In the training set, the Kaplan-Meier and multivariate COX analysis revealed that the RRM2B is associated with better overall survival (OS) of CRC patients, especially in stage IV CRCs (Hazard ratio, HR=0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.86). This result has been validated as HRs of RRM2B were 1.02 (95% CI 0.31-4.58) and 0.53(95% CI 0.29-1.01) for stage 0-II and stage III-IV, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the adjusted HR of RRM2B was 0.48 (95% CI 0.26-0.91). Further analysis suggested that RRM2B significantly reduces the relative risk of death due to colon cancer (HR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16-0.87) but not rectal cancer. Therefore, we conclude that RRM2B plays a critical role in suppressing invasiveness ability of cancer cells and it associates with a better prognosis for CRC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4183. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4183
US government issues guidelines on conflicts of interest in research
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The US Department of Health and Human Services has issued guidelines, after considerable delays, on what clinical researchers should do to avoid financial conflicts of interest. Concerns have been increasing that the financial interests of individuals and institutions in the outcome of a research project might adversely affect the rights and welfare of research participants.

The department's guidelines list 24 points for institutions and investigators to bear in mind when dealing with possible financial conflicts of interest. They suggest that institutions set up a system that would separate research responsibilities from financial decisions, and create conflict of interest committees that would …
Gateshead tuberculin survey.
Authors: E L Feinmann, D F Henley, K M Martischnig
Journal: BMJ (1973)

taneously without requiring pacing and that the majority of patients with anterior myo- cardial infarction do badly whether they are paced or not.Our figures and those of the authors whom we quoted lend some support to this belief but they do not prove the point.Our present policy continues to be relatively conservative, pacing only those patients in whom drug therapy is unsuccess- ful.It is apparent from Dr.
612 Chronic hepatitis C in patients with end stage renal disease: Characterization of liver histology and response to interferon therapy before renal transplantation
Authors: R. Teixeira, R.L. Almeida, A.H. Silva, R.S. Brandõ, T.C. Espindola, M.L. Oliveira, R.D. Cambraia, E.M. Figueiredo, W. Medeiros Junior, E.O. Menezes, E. Bassetti-Soares, L.P Fonseca, V.H. Rios, L.O. Cangussu, J.M. Penido, G.C. Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
An Autoantigen in Psc? Whither or Whether? Mandal A, Dasgupta A, Jeffers L, Squillante L, Hyder S, Reddy R, Schiff E, Das Km. Autoantibodies in Sclerosing Cholangitis Against A Shared Peptide in Biliary and Colon Epithelium. Gastroenterology 1994;106:185-192
Authors: Judy Van De Water, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT Background/Aims: A strong association exists between ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Previously, the presence of a unique epitope shared by colon and biliary epithelial cells was shown by using the novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) 7E12H12 developed against a colonic epithelial protein. In the present study, the presence of circulating autoantibody in PSC against this peptide was examined. Methods: Sera from 16 patients with PSC, 13 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 6 with secondary biliary stricture, and 6 with chronic liver diseases and 10 normal subjects were used. An inhibition immunoperoxidase assay using the 7E2H12 MAb was developed against sections of bile duct and gallbladder. Sera were also examined in an enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the gallbladder extract enriched in 7E12H12–reactive protein. Results: About two thirds of the sera from patients with PSC blocked the binding of 7E12H12 MAb on the bile duct and gallbladder, whereas non–PSC sera did not. In the ELISA, 93% of PSC sera had circulating immunoglobulin G antibodies against the enriched gallbladder extract. The reactivity of sera from the PSC group was significantly (P &lt; 0.01 to P &lt; 0.0001) higher than in each of the non–PSC groups. Conclusions: Sera from patients with PSC contains autoantibodies against a cross–reactive peptide shared by colon and biliary epithelial cells.
Sex differences in hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic effects of inhaled terbutaline.
Authors: D R Taylor, G P Herbison, M R Sears
Journal: Thorax (1993)

<h3>Summary</h3> Skeletal muscle regeneration is reliant on a population of muscle specific adult stem cells (muscle progenitor cells; MPCs). During regeneration, the MPC population undergoes a transient and rapid period of population expansion, which is necessary to repair damaged myofibers and restore muscle homeostasis. Much research has focused on the age-related accumulation of negative regulators of regeneration, while the age-related decline of nutrient and metabolic determinants of the regenerative process needs examination. We hypothesized that older individuals, a population that is at risk for protein malnutrition, have diminished availability of amino acids that are necessary for MPC function. Here, we identified that levels of the non-essential amino acid serine are reduced in the skeletal muscle of healthy, older individuals. Furthermore, using stable-isotope tracing studies, we demonstrate that primary, human MPCs (<i>h</i>MPCs) exhibit a limited capacity for <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis of serine and the closely related amino acid glycine. We identified that serine and glycine are essential for <i>h</i>MPC proliferation and, therefore, population expansion. Serine and glycine were necessary to support synthesis of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, and restriction of serine and glycine was sensed in an EIF2α-dependent manner resulting in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. In conclusion, we elucidate that, despite an absolute requirement of serine/glycine for <i>h</i>MPC proliferation, availability of serine in the skeletal muscle microenvironment is limited to the <i>h</i>MPCs of healthy older adults and is a likely underlying mechanism for impaired skeletal muscle regeneration with advancing age.
Abstract 3704: Prevalence of Lipid Disorders and Treatment Patterns in Overall and High Risk U.S. Adults with Dyslipidemia in 2003–2004
Authors: Heli Ghandehari, Hoangvy Le, Baishali Ambegaonkar, Vasilisa Sazonov, Nathan Wong
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Recent data on the extent of lipid disorders and treatments used among U.S. adults with dyslipidemia are limited; particularly among those with high coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. We therefore examined the prevalence of lipid disorders and utilization of lipid modifying therapies (LMT) to determine any gaps in therapy. Methods: We identified 1,111 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years (mean age 56 years, 45% female; representing 126 million US adults) with dyslipidemia (defined as elevated LDL-C as per National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, or being on LMT) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. Of these, 609 (representing 19.4 million) adults with dyslipidemia were identified as high risk (i.e. CHD, diabetes or other CHD risk equivalents). LMT included statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, as well as combination therapies. Lipid disorders were defined according to deviation from recommended levels for LDL-C (target level defined according to updated NCEP guidelines by risk group), HDL-C (≥40mg/dL for men and ≥50mg/dL for women) and triglycerides (TG) (&lt;200 mg/dL). Results: Of the total population (n=1,111) with dyslipidemia, 85% remained uncontrolled for LDL-C, HDL-C, and or TG; 36% had ≥2 lipid disorders, while 42% had HDL-C and/or TG disorders with or without elevated LDL-C. Among high risk subjects, 88% remained uncontrolled on ≥1 of these lipid parameters; 36% had ≥2 lipid disorders simultaneously while 43% had HDL-C and/or TG disorders irrespective of LDL-C levels. However, only 34% (39% among high risk) were on LMT. Of those on treatment, monotherapy with statins was most common (~80%), followed by statin combination therapy (8 –10% depending on risk status). Conclusions: Our cross-sectional assessment of US adults suggests that despite high prevalence of lipid disorders (up to 85%), LMT is utilized by &lt;40% of subjects. Furthermore, there is a large disconnect between high prevalence of HDL and/or TG disorders, with or without elevated LDL-C, and utilization of therapies targeting these lipids (&lt;10% of therapy utilized was non-statins), a particular concern among high risk patients.
The "Patient Package Insert"
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  While your editorial on the Food and Drug Administration-developed patient package insert (233:1089, 1975) avoids taking a totally negative stance, the emphasis is nevertheless on the possible harm of such inserts, with no mention of potential good. The insert policy could be viewed as either harmful or superfluous if one makes two assumptions: first, that physicians already do an adequate job of passing along essential information to patients, and second, that patients as a group are unable to handle a frank discussion of possible harmful effects of medication.  There is growing documentation that the first assumption is overly optimistic. Rather, the common practice is for physicians to give information in terms that the patient cannot understand and for the physician to give the impression to the patient that the physician is too busy to be bothered with questions. 1,2 While it is going much too far to
Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Perspectives on Measures Needed for Control
Authors: Michael B. Edmond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Given the dramatic increase in the incidence of vancomycin resistance among the enterococci and experimental evidence for the transfer of vancomycin resistance from enterococci to Staphylococcus aureus, there is concern that strains of S. aureus will emerge that are resistant to vancomycin. The result would be a highly virulent pathogen for which effective antimicrobial therapy would not be available. To prevent the nosocomial transmission of such an organism, stringent infection control policies need to be developed and implemented. We offer proposals that are based on the limited data available on the transmission and control of S. aureus and that may be used as starting points for the development of formal guidelines for the isolation of colonized and infected patients and for microbiology laboratory precautions.
Abstract 4491: Discovery of potent small molecular tubulin inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Authors: Sui Xiong Cai, Zenghui Yu, Lei Chen, Qingbing Xu, Lizhen Wu, Lijun Liu, Feng Yin, Guoxiang Wang, Yangzhen Jiang, Xiuyan Zhang, Lingsheng Kong, Qingli Bao, Ye Edward Tian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Microtubule is a well-established drug target for the treatment of cancer. Drugs acting at this target include paclitaxel and docetaxel that stabilize the microtubules and prevent cancer cells from going through mitosis. These drugs are very successful chemotherapy agents and widely used for the treatment of cancer. In this presentation, we report the discovery of several series of novel and potent small molecular tubulin inhibitors and the identification of IMP03138 as a preclinical candidate. IMP03138 has advantages over the most commonly used anti-cancer drug paclitaxel in several in vitro assays and in vivo efficacy studies. Importantly, IMP03138 is highly effective against multi-drug resistant cancer cells. IMP3138 is currently undergoing IND enabling studies. Citation Format: Sui Xiong Cai, Zenghui Yu, Lei Chen, Qingbing Xu, Lizhen Wu, Lijun Liu, Feng Yin, Guoxiang Wang, Yangzhen Jiang, Xiuyan Zhang, Lingsheng Kong, Qingli Bao, Ye Edward Tian. Discovery of potent small molecular tubulin inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4491. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4491
PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA: A REPORT FROM THE UNITED STATES FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA PATIENT REGISTRY
Authors: Jeffrey W. Olin, Xiaokui Gu, James Froehlich, J. Michael Bacharach, Kim Eagle, Bruce Gray, Mark Grise, Michael Jaff, Soo Hyun Kim, Eva Kline-Rogers, Pamela Mace, Alan Matsumoto, Robert McBane, Heather Gornik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Helicobacter pylori---reflections for the next millennium
Authors: G N J Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1999)

The unsurpassed speed with which new information has been collected over the past two decades is bound to slow down. Much has been discovered and leading microbiologists are moving to other helicobacters and homing in on other parts of the body, particularly the biliary and intestinal tract. Yet knowledge of the Helicobacter pylori genome will continue to stimulate further H pylori related research; furthermore, the vaccination programme will keep the basic and clinical researchers busy for some time.

This overview will elaborate on some aspects of further developments, in full awareness of the limitations and hazards involved in speculating about the future.

In the Western developed world at least, but perhaps also on a global scale, H pylori infection is disappearing spontaneously at a surprisingly rapid rate. Several direct and indirect findings support this observation.

Many clinicians have indeed observed that H pylori associated peptic ulcer disease is becoming a rare event. In the Amsterdam unit very few new H pylori associated duodenal ulcers are currently seen and H pylori associated gastric ulcers have almost vanished. This same trend has been observed by El-Serag and Sonnenberg1 and by Cutler.2 The average number of patients that could be enrolled per month per research centre in the USA in various trials decreased from 0.82 in 1994 to 0.25 in 1996. Similar findings were observed in the United Kingdom by Banatvala et al ,3 in Finland by Kosunen et al ,4 in The Netherlands by Roosendaal et al ,5 and in many other countries. The possible causes of H pylori disappearance may well remain speculative (box FB1).



Figure FB1 
Putative mechanisms responsible for decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori 





The …
Toxicity of Penicillamine
Authors: Paul B. Halverson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A retrospective study of penicillamine toxicity in 156 patients yielded a high incidence of toxic reaction (62%), necessitating discontinuation of the drug therapy in 36% of the patients. Of the total group, proteinuria occurred in 14%, hematologic toxic reaction in 11%, mucocutaneous toxic reaction in 28%, and gastrointestinal intolerance in 12%. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1870-1871, 1978)
Electrocardiographic Changes Reflecting Left Atrial Abnormality in Hypertension
Authors: ROBERT C. TARAZI, ANTHONY MILLER, EDWARD D. FROHLICH, HARRIET P. DUSTAN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

To separate the effects of hypertension and atherosclerosis on the left atrium, the electrocardiograms of 76 hypertensive patients and 76 normal control subjects, matched for age and sex, were studied. Four established criteria for left atrial abnormality were used. One or more positive criteria were satisfied in 45 of the 76 patients and 28 had two or more positive criteria. In contrast, only four of the 76 normal subjects had one abnormal criterion; none had more than one. In 37 patients selective coronary cinearteriography was performed and five of these with abnormal P waves had no arteriographic evidence of atherosclerosis. Eleven of 45 patients with left atrial abnormality had repeated episodes of atrial arrhythmias, whereas only one of the 31 patients with normal P waves had an atrial arrhythmia, demonstrating that repeated atrial arrhythmias are more frequent in patients with left atrial abnormality. Left atrial abnormality was, therefore, a frequent finding in hypertension; it may occur even in the absence of cardiac enlargement and coronary arterial disease. It was, at times, the sole sign of cardiac abnormality in hypertension.
Subconjunctival<i>Dirofilaria repens</i>
Authors: Ramin Khoramnia, Aharon Wegner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 53-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of conjunctival redness, swelling, and the sensation of having a foreign body in the lateral conjunctiva of her left eye (arrow). She had traveled to Sri Lanka 10 months before presentation. Examination revealed a solitary, subconjunctival, moving worm (Panel A; see also video, available at NEJM.org). There was no evidence of intraocular or visceral involvement. Complete resolution was achieved after the surgical removal of the parasite (Panel B), which was 10 cm long. Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic filarial nematode affecting dogs and other carnivores in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. Microfilariae . . .
The Use of Hyoscyamine as a Hallucinogen and Intoxicant
Authors: MARTIN H. KEELER, FRANCIS J. KANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

An 18-year-old man with staggering gait, dilated pupils, a temperature of 100.2, and a pulse of 100, who was grossly confused, disoriented to time, place, and person, and who appeared to be hallucinating, was admitted to the hospital. These signs and symptoms were absent 24 hours later, at which time he gave a history of the periodic ingestion of Asthmador for the sensations derived therefrom. He stated that several of his acquaintances also used Asthmador for such purposes. Asthmador is a nonprescription mixture of belladonna and stramonium (hyoscyamine is the active agent in both) that is meant to be burned and the smoke inhaled to relieve bronchial asthma. The use of vegetable material containing hyoscyamine is of interest as similar preparations have been used as intoxicants and for mystic and religious purposes in many cultures and periods of the history of Western culture. The patient's clinical picture, that of hyoscyamine intoxication, is difficult to diagnose if not suspected.
SECONDARY MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERNEPHROMATA.
Authors: WALTER L. BIERRING
Journal: JAMA (1904)

During the last few years the subject of hypernephroma has received a thorough consideration by a number of careful observers. Special phases of the subject have received special emphasis. When cases are reported, reference is always made to the question of secondary manifestations. It is a question, however, which presents a number of interesting features, and for that reason we have given it considerable thought. Mention is frequently made of the rarity of this tumor formation; this, however, is a mistake. On the other hand, the pathologist who carefully examines all specimens brought to him finds them of rather frequent occurrence. A hypernephroma is a tumor consisting of adrenal structure and having its origin from suprarenal gland, or from particles of this gland which have become displaced, the displacement of tissue being usually into the kidney or under its capsule. Misplacement of tissue elements often takes place during the period
MIGRATION, PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF C-KIT+ POSTNATAL MYOCARDIAL PROGENITORS ARE REGULATED BY SCF/C-KIT AND SDF1/CXCR4 PATHWAYS
Authors: Konstantinos E. Hatzistergos, Lauro M. Takeuchi, Dieter Saur, Barbara Seidler, Wayne Balkan, Rosemeire Kanashiro-Takeuchi, Joshua Hare
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Unusual case of belching.
Authors: X. G. Okojie
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDICAJOURAulcer.When this was developing in its characteristically intractable manner the mucosa was in the process of disintegration, and a true hyposecretion is the result.In cases of complete metaplasia there was an invariable achlorhydria.Other factors may increase the speed and severity of the ulcer progression, but are unlikely to be the cause of it.-Iam, etc., Scarborough, Yorks.