tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malignant Pheochromocytoma with Severe Intestinal Paralysis Based on a Significant Hypercatecholamine State: The Effectiveness of alpha-Metyrosine in Dysmotility of Digestive Tract.
Authors: Nakamura H, Oki Y, Maekawa M, Yamashita M, Yogo K, Iino K
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)
Individual variation in D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in clozapine- treated patients
Authors: D Pickar, T P Su, D R Weinberger, R Coppola, A K Malhotra, M B Knable, K S Lee, J Gorey, J J Bartko, A Breier, J Hsiao
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The objectives of this study were 1) to pursue the question of clozapine's striatal D2 occupancy in relation to its clinical effectiveness; 2) to investigate the relation between schizophrenic symptoms, clozapine blood levels, and estimated D2 occupancy during clinically stable and unstable conditions; and 3) to examine long-term stability in D2 occupancy.Specific binding of the D2 radioligand [123I]benzamide ([123I]IBZM) was studied with single photon emission computed tomography in 13 patients with schizophrenia when they were clinically stable during chronic clozapine treatment, after clozapine dose reduction of > or = 50%, and in a subgroup (N = 7) after restabilization on clozapine regimens. Clozapine's estimated D2 occupancy was based on comparison with values from drug-free normal subjects.A wide range of estimated D2 occupancies (18% to > or = 80%) were associated with sustained, favorable response to clozapine without correlation with residual symptoms. Clozapine blood levels were negatively related to [123I]IBZM specific binding. Acute dose reduction was associated with predicted worsening in positive and negative symptoms and increases in [123I]IBZM specific binding. Independent of clozapine blood level, patients with more symptoms showed lower [123I]IBZM specific binding, consistent with competition of endogenous dopamine for D2 binding sites in patients with greater symptoms. Restabilization on clozapine regimens produced D2 occupancies closely correlated with baseline values.There was no evidence for a critical degree of D2 occupancy required to sustain clozapine's therapeutic effects across subjects. Simple linear regression was the best-fit model for clozapine's D2 occupancy. Longitudinal follow-up suggests stability over time of D2 occupancy in relation to dose and clinical response within individual patients.
Spirometry - a tool for diagnosing exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO)?
Authors: Maria Vollsæter, Hege Clemm, Astrid Sandnes, Magnus Hilland, Lorentz Sandvik, Jon Helge Heimdal, Thomas Halvorsen, Ola Røksund
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction Exercise Induced Inspiratory Symptoms (EIIS) are often confused with those of asthma, and increasingly recognized as a problem in otherwise healthy young people. EIIS is often associated with Exercise Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO), involving supraglottic adduction in a majority. Flattened or truncated maximal inspiratory flow volume loops (MIFVL) have been suggested as indicative of EILO, thus a laryngeal obstruction should be expected during this procedure.

Aim Study to what extent supraglottic laryngoscopic findings obtained at MIFVL maneuvers at rest correspond with similar findings during continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test.

Methods Video recordings from 2012-2013 were analyzed for supraglottic laryngeal adduction during MIFVL maneuvers and CLE-tests, applying Maat-score1 (mild, moderate, severe).

Results 189/198 CLE-test recordings were technically adequate, 111/189 were considered positive with moderate or severe supraglottic adduction. MIFVL maneuvers at rest resulted in no or mild supraglottic adduction in 143 (76%) patients, of whom 70 scored worse during CLE test with moderate or severe supraglottic adduction. MIFVL procedures resulted in moderate or severe supraglottic adduction in 46 patients, of whom 5 scored lower during CLE test with no or mild supraglottic adduction. In patients with moderate or severe supraglottic adduction during CLE-test, only 37% had similar findings during MIFVL procedures.

Conclusion Correlations between supraglottic adduction at MIFVL maneuvers and during CLE tests were poor. Thus, spirometry should be used with caution as a diagnostic tool in relation to EIIS and EILO.

1 Maat RC et.al. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009 .
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF AMEBIC ABSCESS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Tom S. Mebane
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fortnightly review: Lessons learnt and future expectations of complex emergencies
Authors: F. M Burkle
Journal: BMJ (1999)

> Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.—Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet , 1597

Complex emergencies today represent the ultimate pathway of state disruption Zwi says that recent conflicts such as those in northern Iraq, Somalia, Rwanda, Angola, the former Yugoslavia, and the province of Kosovo should be interpreted as complex political disasters where “the capacity to sustain livelihood and life is threatened primarily by political factors, and in particular, by high levels of violence.”1 Although each of the over 38 major conflicts that have occurred in this decade since the end of the cold war is unique, all share similar characteristics (box). Most blatant is that they represent catastrophic public health emergencies in which over 70% of the victims are civilians, primarily children and adolescents

These mainly internal crises are popularly referred to as complex emergencies. The complexity refers to the multifacted responses initiated by the international community and further complicated by the lack of protection normally afforded by international treaties, covenants, and the United Nations Charter during conventional wars.

#### Characteristics of complex emergencies

Health resources, both civilian (those provided by United Nations agencies, the International Committee and Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent, and many non-governmental organisations) and military, have played a major part in the emergency response, recovery, and rehabilitation phases of complex emergencies. In the process health providers have made major advances in assessment, management, education, training, and research,2–5 and they remain among the …
Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls Impair Glucose Homeostasis in Lean C57BL/6 Mice and Mitigate Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss on Glucose Homeostasis in Obese Mice
Authors: Nicki A. Baker, Michael Karounos, Victoria English, Jun Fang, Yinan Wei, Arnold Stromberg, Manjula Sunkara, Andrew J. Morris, Hollie I. Swanson, Lisa A. Cassis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Previous studies demonstrated that coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) promote proinflammatory gene expression in adipocytes. PCBs are highly lipophilic and accumulate in adipose tissue, a site of insulin resistance in persons with type 2 diabetes.Objectives: We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of coplanar PCBs on adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and on glucose and insulin homeostasis in lean and obese mice.Methods: We quantified glucose and insulin tolerance, as well as TNF-α levels, in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of male C57BL/6 mice administered vehicle, PCB-77, or PCB-126 and fed a low fat (LF) diet. Another group of mice administered vehicle or PCB-77 were fed a high fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks; the diet was then switched from HF to LF for 4 weeks to induce weight loss. We quantified glucose and insulin tolerance and adipose TNF-α expression in these mice. In addition, we used in vitro and in vivo studies to quantify aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent effects of PCB-77 on parameters of glucose homeostasis.Results: Treatment with coplanar PCBs resulted in sustained impairment of glucose and insulin tolerance in mice fed the LF diet. In PCB-77–treated mice, TNF-α expression was increased in adipose tissue but not in liver or muscle. PCB-77 levels were strikingly higher in adipose tissue than in liver or serum. Antagonism of AhR abolished both in vitro and in vivo effects of PCB-77. In obese mice, PCB-77 had no effect on glucose homeostasis, but glucose homeostasis was impaired after weight loss.Conclusions: Coplanar PCBs impaired glucose homeostasis in lean mice and in obese mice following weight loss. Adipose-specific elevations in TNF-α expression by PCBs may contribute to impaired glucose homeostasis.
Immune deficiencies in GBM: Glioblastoma patients have elevated CD14+ HLA DR negative myeloid suppressors, are lymphopenic and have deficiencies in dendritic cell differentiation
Authors: Michael Gustafson, Kent New, Peggy Bulur, Yi Lin, Susan Steinmetz, Debra Sprau, Brian Patrick O'Neill, Allan Dietz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

264 

Recent data from animal models and some human clinical trials indicate that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may be susceptible to dendritic cell (DC) mediated immunotherapy. These data suggest promising indications of improved immunity and survival, but additional work is needed to improve the efficacy of DC vaccines. A particularly acute area of deficiency is the uniformity of cultured cells used for vaccination. In addition, vaccination regimens will be enhanced if used at times when patients have the best ability to respond to immune stimulation. To this end, we have characterized the immune phenotype of 22 patients with primary or recurrent GBM. Furthermore, we have identified an optimal culture condition to maximize uniformity of DC preparations. We found that CD14+ cells from GBM patients are generally incapable of generating DC. Five culture conditions were tested that all produced highly uniform DC preparation in normal blood donors. Of the five culture conditions, only one was capable of approximating the highly pure DC preparations seen in normal donors (84.2±9.2% CD83% in the best condition for GBM patients vs. 95.1±8.0% for normal donors). The same patients were immune phenotyped by immunostaining of whole blood and subsequent flow cytometry. GBM patients were profoundly lymphopenic. Only 12.3±2.4% compared to normal controls 31.6± 2.2% (p<0.0001) of the circulating white blood cells were lymphocytes. The number of CD4 T cells per ul of blood were significantly reduced for every subset tested. Although the percentage of monocytes were reduced in GBM patients, they had elevated levels of circulating CD14+/HLA-DR- (myeloid suppressors; 24.2±4.0% vs. 8.5±2.1%; p=0.0007). To determine if these changes corresponded to changes in circulating growth factor levels, we measured the plasma levels of 26 cytokines and growth factors. This data will be reported as well as our complete immune phenotype. We also examined the effect of dexamethasone and disease status on the immune phenotypes of GBM patients. We saw no significant differences in the immune phenotype between newly diagnosed patients and those with recurrent disease. Dexamethasone is commonly used to treat edema in GBM patients and is a powerful immune suppressor. While, the dexamethasone was largely responsible for the lymphopenia, lower absolute CD4 levels and elevated CD14+/HLA-DR- monocytes, it had no effect on the percentage of regulatory T cells, the percent of monocytes or in vitro culture of DCs. Our findings suggest that GBM patients exhibit immune defects mediated both by dexamethasone and by tumor mediated factors. This work was supported through a Developmental Research grant from the Mayo Clinic Brain Tumor SPORE CA108961-03.
Abstract 14739: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Des-Fluoro-Sitagliptin (DFS), Improved Endothelial Function and Reduced Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Junichi Matsubara, Seigo Sugiyama, Koichi Sugamura, Toshimitsu Nozaki, Taishi Nakamura, Keisuke Ohba, Eiichi Akiyama, Hirofumi Maeda, Yasuhiro Izumiya, Koichi Kaikita, Hitoshi Sumida, Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 2205: Predictors of Functional Status following Fontan Palliation: Development of a Fontan Functional Score
Authors: Ismee A Williams, Andrew M Atz, James F Cnota, Meryl S Cohen, Steven D Colan, Welton M Gersony, Minmin Lu, Renee E Margossian, Jane W Newburger, Andrew J Powell, Lynn A Sleeper, Elizabeth A Stephenson, Mario Stylianou, Richard Williams, Daphne T Hsu
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Insects: Man's Chief Competitors.
Authors: W. P. Flint, C. L. Metcalf
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autologous and Allogeneic Transplantation for Pediatric Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Japan
Authors: Naoto Fujita, Ryoji Kobayashi, Yoshiko Atsuta, Tetsuo Mitsui, Fuminori Iwasaki, Junji Suzumiya, Yoji Sasahara, Masami Inoue, Katsuyoshi Koh, Hisashi Sakamaki, Hiromasa Yabe, Keisei Kawa, Koji Kato, Ritsuro Suzuki
Journal: Blood (2014)
Pyrvinium targets the unfolded protein response to hypoglycemia and its anti-tumor activity is enhanced by novel combination strategies
Authors: Dehua Yu, James Macdonald, Guohong Liu, Amy S Lee, Mimi Ly, Ning Ke, Flossie Wong-Staal, Qi-Xiang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5713   We screened a compound library and identified pyrvinium pamoate, an old anthelminthic medicine, preferentially inhibiting anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells over anchorage-dependent growth (~10 folds), which was also recently reported by others to have anti-tumor activity (Panc-1 model) with selective toxicity against cancer cells under glucose starvation in vitro, but with unknown mechanism. While confirming its preferential cytotoxicity under glucose starvation, it has rather marginal overall anti-tumor activity as a monotherapy in several other xenograft tumor models tested. We found that it suppresses the transcriptional activation of GRP78 and GRP94 by glucose deprivation, or by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG, a glycolysis inhibitor), but not by tunicamycin or A23187. Other UPR pathways induced by glucose starvation, e.g. XBP-1, ATF4, were also found suppressed by pyrvinium. Constitutive expression of GRP78 via transgene, at least partially, protected cells from pyrvinium induced cell death under glucose starvation, suggesting that suppression of UPR is an important mechanism of pyrvinium mediated cytotoxicity under glucose starvation. We have performed two types of rational combination treatments to enhance anti-tumor activity: 1) pyrvinium with either Doxorubicin or Taxol, based on pyrvinium selectively potent against tumor hypoglycemic interior, and Doxorubicin or Taxol preferentially against the dividing cells in tumor exterior; 2) pyrvinium analog with 2DG that creates artificial hypoglycemic tumor sensitive to pyrvinium/analog. Both combinations demonstrated enhanced efficacy in vivo, supporting our mechanistic treatment concepts based on hypoglycemia and UPR.
Induction of Antioxidant and Heat Shock Protein Responses During Torpor in the Gray Mouse Lemur, <i>Microcebus Murinus</i>
Authors: Cheng-Wei Wu, Kyle K. Biggar, Jing Zhang, Shannon N. Tessier, Fabien Pifferi, Martine Perret, Kenneth B. Storey
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Abstract A natural tolerance of various environmental stresses is typically supported by various cytoprotective mechanisms that protect macromolecules and promote extended viability. Among these are antioxidant defenses that help to limit damage from reactive oxygen species and chaperones that help to minimize protein misfolding or unfolding under stress conditions. To understand the molecular mechanisms that act to protect cells during primate torpor, the present study characterizes antioxidant and heat shock protein (HSP) responses in various organs of control (aroused) and torpid gray mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus. Protein expression of HSP70 and HSP90α was elevated to 1.26 and 1.49 fold, respectively, in brown adipose tissue during torpor as compared with control animals, whereas HSP60 in liver of torpid animals was 1.15 fold of that in control (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Among antioxidant enzymes, protein levels of thioredoxin 1 were elevated to 2.19 fold in white adipose tissue during torpor, whereas Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase 1 levels rose to 1.1 fold in skeletal muscle (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Additionally, total antioxidant capacity was increased to 1.6 fold in liver during torpor (P &amp;lt; 0.05), while remaining unchanged in the five other tissues. Overall, our data suggest that antioxidant and HSP responses are modified in a tissue-specific manner during daily torpor in gray mouse lemurs. Furthermore, our data also show that cytoprotective strategies employed during primate torpor are distinct from the strategies in rodent hibernation as reported in previous studies.
Abstract 15542: Impact of Treatment with Apixaban and Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores: the AVERROES Study
Authors: Gregory Y Lip, Salim Yusuf, John Eikelboom, Greg Flaker, Robert Hart, Fernando Lanas-Zenetti, Denis Xavier, Stuart Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background - In the AVERROES (Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid [ASA] to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment) tria...
Abstract 15830: Elevated Resting Heart Rate is Associated With Impaired Quality of Life and Worse NYHA Functional Capacity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Results From REALITY HF Study
Authors: Yuksel Cavusoglu, Omer Kozan, Ahmet Temizhan, Serdar Kucukoglu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: Resting heart rate (HR), health related quality of life (HQoL) and NYHA functional capacity are referred as important determinants of prognosis and targets of therapy in heart failure (HF). REALITY HF (Resting Heart Rate and Real Life Treatment Modality in Outpatients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction) study data were analyzed for the evaluation of any relationship of resting HR with HQoL assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and NYHA functional class. Methods: REALITY HF was a multicenter, prospective registry designed to evaluate HF patients’ characteristics and effects of treatment modalities on resting HR and enrolled 1057 patients (age 61±12 years) with LVEF &lt;40%. 781 (74%) patients in sinus rhythm were included in this analysis. Patients were classified into 4 groups according to the quartiles of HR: Q1:&lt;68 bpm (n=234), Q2:69-75 bpm (n=189), Q3:76-87 bpm (n=194) and Q4:&gt;87 bpm (n=164). KCCQ was completed in a random sample of 320 (Q1:n=27, Q2:n=99, Q3:n=125, Q4:n=69) patients, in which higher scores show better patient’s health status. Results: During enrollment, 82% of patients were receiving ≥2 drugs including ACE[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#304;]]/ARB, beta blocker, aldosterone blocker, diuretic or digoxin. Resting HR was 76±14 bpm and 68% of patients had a resting HR ≥70 bpm. KCCQ overall summary score (OSC) was found to be 75.7±13.2 in those in Q1, 65.5±20.8 in Q2, 64.4±20.6 in Q3 and 58.3±21.2 in Q4 (p=0.004) and KCCQ clinical summary score (CSS) was 80.4±15.7 in those in Q1, 70.0±22.4 in Q2, 69.9±21.9 in Q3 and 63.8±23.3 in Q4 (p=0.016). Also, there was a significant negative correlation between resting HR and OSC (p=0.008) or CSS (p=0.031). The distribution of NYHA-I patients for Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 were 40.7%, 22.8%, 23.8% and 12.7%, NYHA-II patients-30.8%, 23.1%, 27.2% and 18.9%, NYHA-III patients-21.2%, 23.9%, 24.3% and 30.6% and NYHA-IV patients-22.7%, 34.1%, 22.7% and 20.5%, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Also, resting HR were found to gradually and significantly increase across NYHA categories (72.8±12 bpm in NYHA-I, 76.1±13 bpm in NYHA-II, 80.2±15 bpm in NYHA-III and 78.9±16 bpm in NYHA-IV, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated resting HR in HF patients is associated with impaired HQoL and worse NYHA functional capacity.