tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
254. Protecting the CNS Using AntiOxidant Gene Transfer: HIV-1 Glycoprotein gp120 Induces Blood-Brain Barrier Abnormalities That May Be Prevented by rSV40 Gene Transfer of AntiOxidant Enzymes
Authors: Jean-Pierre Louboutin, Beverly A.S. Reyes, Lokesh Agrawal, Elisabeth J. van Bockstaele, David S. Strayer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

HIV dementia is a form of subcortical dementia in which abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be important in mediating some of the tissue damage that accompanies CNS HIV-1 infection, as well as in facilitating viral entry into the CNS. This study was undertaken to analyze the potential of HIV-1 components to disrupt the BBB and of rSV40-mediated gene delivery of antioxidant enzymes to protect BBB integrity.
Mandated Choice for Organ Donation
Authors: Jeffrey Prottas
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The plea by Dr Spital<sup>1</sup>for a system of mandated choice in organ donation is flawed as a plan to increase the supply of organs and as an ethical proposition. He reports that 63% of those surveyed would agree to donate under a mandated choice system, but this is barely more than the estimated 60% of families that now permit donation when approached. Moreover, Spital ignores the powerful forces that mandate family involvement in organ donation decisions and would continue to act to limit actual donation rates. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act allows hospitals to remove organs without family permission when a donor card has been signed, but hospitals do not do so because the staff are not willing to ignore the wishes of the family. Ethical and public relations considerations both suggest bowing to family preferences. Family consultation would be conducted under mandated choice just
Increased Adenosine Triphosphatase in Leukocytes of Asthmatic Children
Authors: Ronald G. Coffey, John W. Hadden, Elliott Middleton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were compared in leukocytes of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. Both Mg(2+)- and Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase activities were significantly elevated in two membrane fractions (59 to 66%) and in a superntant fraction (68 to 72%) prepared from sonicated leukocytes of asthmatic subjects. Intact cell surface or ecto ATPase was also elevated (67 to 76%) in asthmatic leukocytes. Alternate day glucocorticosteroid therapy was associated with leukocyte ATPase activities intermediate between those for asthmatics not receiving steroids and for nonasthmatic control subjects. Incubation of normal leukocytes with 10(-8) M hydrocortisone or leukocyte membranes with 10(-4)-10(-3) M hydrocortisone in vitro also resulted in decreased ATPase activities. The elevated leukocyte ATPase activities appear to relate to the adrenergic imbalance in asthma previously characterized by reduced beta adrenergic responsiveness of adenylate cyclase and suggest the possibility of more than one enzymatic abnormality intrinsic to the asthmatic condition.
106 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ANTICOAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors: S. Seijo, M.G. Delgado, I. Yepes, L. Achecar, M.V. Catalina, A. Garcia-Criado, J.G. Abraldes, J. de la Peña, R. Bañares, A. Albillos, J. Bosch, J.C. Garcia-Pagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
NPT2a — The Key to Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Henry M. Kronenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Phosphate leads two lives — an ancient intracellular one and a more recent extracellular one. Inside cells, phosphate has a structural role in nucleic acids and phospholipids, forms high-energy ester bonds (e.g., in adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate), and participates in cellular signaling through covalent phosphorylation of proteins and lipids. Outside cells, in animals with bones, the role of phosphate is quite different. Most extracellular phosphate is found in bone mineral. Because the concentrations of ionic calcium and phosphate in extracellular fluid are at, or exceed, their solubility product constant, elaborate controls have been developed to keep calcium–phosphate from precipitating . . .
Evidence that ischemic cell death begins in the subendocardium independent of variations in collateral flow or wall tension.
Authors: J E Lowe, R G Cummings, D H Adams, E A Hull-Ryde
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Irreversible ischemic injury occurs after coronary artery occlusion in vivo, first in the subendocardium and progressing toward the subepicardium over time, presumably due to transmural variations in collateral flow or wall tension. In this study, 10 left ventricular globally ischemic slabs were created that were free of wall tension and collateral flow. The onset and completion of ischemic contracture were identified by means of a new tissue compressibility gauge designed for these studies. Transmural samples were obtained at 15 min intervals for determination of high-energy nucleotide levels and for ultrastructural analysis. The results show that there is a statistically significant gradient of ATP depletion, with the subendocardium consistently showing accelerated energy utilization compared with the subepicardium (p less than .05). Ultrastructural evidence of irreversible injury first appeared in the subendocardium at the onset of ischemic contracture and occurred when ATP levels declined to less than 1 mumol/g wet weight. In summary, these data show that during total ischemia in vitro, cell death begins in the subendocardium at the onset of ischemic contracture and progresses toward the subepicardium over time. These changes occurred independent of variations in collateral flow or wall tension. The results suggest that the increased risk of the subendocardium to ischemic injury previously noted in vivo may occur not only because of variations in collateral flow and wall tension, but may also be secondary to an increased metabolic rate of the subendocardium resulting in faster ATP use during the period of ischemia.
Response to the open letter of Martin Brunet (and colleagues)
Authors: A. Burns
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I thank Brunet (and colleagues) for writing about the National Enhanced Service for dementia and wish to clarify some factual misunderstandings.1

Firstly, dementia is a devastating illness and the enhanced service will support activity aimed at reaching the estimated 300 000 people who would benefit from a timely diagnosis and care planning but are currently being denied that. These benefits include: empowering people to make their own choices; access to the right care packages, including drugs; avoidance …
Can specific treatment prevent progressive tendon degeneration?
Authors: H Alfredson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Tendon degeneration is generally believed to be irreversible. Objective To use ultrasound to study the Achilles midportion tendon structure and thickness before and after treatment of chronic painful tendinosis. Design Prospective study. Patients and interventions Middle aged patients on varying activity levels, having midportion chronic Achilles tendinosis, were followed with ultrasound examinations before and after treatment with eccentric training, sclerosing polidocanol injections and surgical scraping. Outcome measurements Tendon thickness and structure. Results 89 patients successfully treated (pain-free during tendon loading) with eccentric training (n=22), sclerosing polidocanol injections (n=38) and surgical scraping (n=29), had a significantly thinner Achilles midportion and a more normal tendon structure, after compared to before, treatment. Conclusion For the Achilles midportion, tendon degeneration might not be irreversible. The findings indicate a possible regeneration potential.
A National Survey of Provisions in Clinical-Trial Agreements between Medical Schools and Industry Sponsors
Authors: Kevin A. Schulman, Damon M. Seils, Justin W. Timbie, Jeremy Sugarman, Lauren A. Dame, Kevin P. Weinfurt, Daniel B. Mark, Robert M. Califf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Concerned about threats to the integrity of clinical trials in a research environment increasingly controlled by private interests, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has issued revised guidelines for investigators' participation in the study design, access to data, and control over publication. It is unclear whether research conducted at academic institutions adheres to these new standards.From November 2001 through January 2002, we interviewed officials at U.S. medical schools about provisions in their institutions' agreements with industry sponsors of multicenter clinical trials. A subgroup of the respondents were also asked about coordinating-center agreements for such trials.Of the 122 medical schools that are members of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 108 participated in the survey. The median number of site-level agreements executed per institution in the previous year was 103 (interquartile range, 50 to 210). Scores for compliance with a wide range of provisions--from ensuring that authors of reports on multicenter trials have access to all trial data (1 percent [interquartile range, 0 to 21]) to addressing the plan for data collection and monitoring (10 percent [interquartile range, 1 to 50])--demonstrated limited adherence to the standards embodied in the new ICMJE guidelines. Scores for coordinating-center agreements were somewhat higher for most survey items.Academic institutions routinely engage in industry-sponsored research that fails to adhere to ICMJE guidelines regarding trial design, access to data, and publication rights. Our findings suggest that a reevaluation of the process of contracting for clinical research is urgently needed.
Death Inside Out: The Hastings Center Report
Authors: Melvin J. KRANT
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The one-time scarcity of writing regarding death and the dying experience has been supplanted by a profusion of writing from authors with variable credentials, many of whom blame and discredit the physician for being exquisitely insensitive to the personal and social problems accompanying fatal illness. Critical examination of issues is not found too frequently. The Hasting Center some years ago organized a study group of individuals whose purpose was to examine, in scholarly fashion, issues relating to death and dying as they attend to the American struggle for health. Over the years, the Center has issued several bulletins; the volume<i>Death Inside Out</i>is a compilation of these already published essays into a single volume. Thus, there is nothing new in this book. However, the essays continue to make a vigorous impact, and the rereading promoted a sense of worthy discourse and knowledgeable artistry. The essays are not meant to
Penicillin Treatment of Gonorrheal Urethritis
Authors: Jan Olof Kjellander, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE increase in the number of cases of gonorrhea failing to respond to previously effective doses of penicillin has attracted much interest in recent years.1 Although many of these failures seem to be explained by the finding of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin2 , 3 some investigators4 5 6 7 consider this explanation alone inadequate. The increase in penicillin tolerance of the gonococcus has not been very striking, and it is believed that even a moderate dose of penicillin would suffice to cure the great majority of patients even if they harbored so-called "resistant" strains.8 9 10 11 Another explanation offered for the treatment . . .
"Heartstart Scotland"--initial experience of a national scheme for out of hospital defibrillation.
Authors: S M Cobbe, M J Redmond, J M Watson, J Hollingworth, D J Carrington
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the outcome of out of hospital defibrillation in Scotland during the year after the introduction of automated external defibrillators in October 1988. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of ambulance service reports and hospital records. SETTING--Scottish Ambulance Service and acute receiving hospitals throughout Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Delay from cardiac arrest to first defibrillator shock; vital state on arrival at hospital accident and emergency department; survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS--During the study period 268 defibrillators were purchased by public subscription and 96% of the 2000 ambulance crew underwent an eight hour training programme in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation. A total of 1111 cardiac arrests were recorded, and defibrillation was indicated and undertaken in 602 (54%) patients, mean age 63 (range 14-92) years. A spontaneous pulse was present on arrival at hospital in 180 (30%) of the defibrillated patients, and 75 (12.5%) were subsequently discharged alive. As expected, the likelihood of survival was inversely related to the delay from the onset of cardiac arrest to the time of the first shock and was greater in the case of witnessed arrest. If ventricular fibrillation occurred after the arrival of the ambulance, survival to discharge was 33%. CONCLUSIONS--An effective scheme for out of hospital defibrillation can be introduced rapidly, and with limited training implications and costs, by the use of automated external defibrillators in ambulances.
TCT-720 Transapical versus Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation: a multi-center propensity matched study
Authors: Robert M. Van Der Boon, Bertrand Marcheix, Didier Tchetche, Alaide Chieffo, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Nicolas Dumonteil, Olivier Vahdat, Francesco Maisano, Patrick W. Serruys, A. Pieter Kappetein, Jean Fajadet, Antonio Colombo, Didier Carrié, Ron Van Domburg, Peter De Jaegere
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Poisoning in the home by medicaments.
Authors: H. Matthew
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Accidents to Old People-Agate ,BmnThe real future of good general and geriatric practice lies in prevention.In the matter of home accidents to the elderly, at least, there is the greatest possible opportunity for simple, prac- tical countermeasures to reduce morbidity and mortality, while at the same time encouraging patients to greater independence. AppendixBelow are given the sources of information about aids for the disabled, the elderly, and those at risk from accidents in the home:1. Equipment for the Disabled, vols.1-4.
Beyond the gadgets
Authors: Nancy M Lorenzi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Box 1:Non-technological barriers to information systems need to be overcome too 

Someone once said that the only person who welcomes change is a wet baby. To be most comfortable with the status quo, unless it is inflicting discomfort, seems to be part of the human make up. Probably every doctor has experienced the feeling of being overwhelmed with medical information, whether about a patient or with the ever increasing amount of information in the literature. Most doctors have recognised that integrating information systems into their clinical practice is not just a good idea but has become mandatory. Yet, major issues need to be overcome—not just technological ones—which if not considered for a new information system will lead to a “system failure” (box 1). It would be wonderful if we could create the new electronic medical environment with a “big bang” and avoid all of the issues outlined. Unfortunately that is not possible. The first requirement is to become comfortable and assured that an information system is important. To reach a “yes” conclusion, most people go through several stages to reduce their personal resistance and to reach a level of comfort with using information technology actively in the daily workflow of a medical practice. This editorial introduces these stages and makes suggestions for overcoming an issue with each stage.

The following stages are adapted from the …
Micronutrient supplemented probiotic yogurt for HIV-infected adults taking HAART in London, Canada
Authors: Jaimie Caitlin Hemsworth, Sharareh Hekmat, Gregor Reid
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus has devastating effects worldwide. The burden is less pronounced, but still present in Canada where approximately 64,000 men and women are HIV positive. The virus and the life-saving antiretroviral therapies often contribute to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances. Certain probiotic organisms, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, have been shown to alleviate diarrhea as well as delay the decline of CD4 lymphocytes in some subjects. In addition, micronutrient formulae have been used extensively among HIV positive persons as a cost-effective method for improving quality of life and immune function. The objective of the present study was to combine probiotics and micronutrients into an affordable and highly palatable nutritional supplement and assess outcomes in 21 HIV-positive participants receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in London, Ontario, Canada. The design was a randomized, double blind, three-period, cross-over controlled trial with three different formulations of supplemented yogurt; micronutrient and probiotic (A), micronutrient alone (B) and probiotic alone (C). The period of intake for each of the types was 30 days with a 14 day wash-out period between the intervention types. The mean increase in CD4 was greatest with B (41 cells/µL, SD 221). Supplement A showed a mean change of +19 cells/µL (SD 142) and supplement C a mean change of - 7 cells/µL (SD 154). All yogurt types caused an increase in subjective energy and ability to perform daily activity scores. According to the safety measures taken to assess the tolerance of the yogurt, there were no adverse events and the yogurt was well-tolerated. These preliminary findings suggest that micronutrient supplemented probiotic yogurt may support immune function among people living with HIV.
How Far Should a Physiatrist Go?
Authors: Gerald Felsenthal
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr Edwards,<sup>1</sup>in his review of the text<i>Medical Rehabilitation</i>, states that he believes that the patient is best served when the neurologist orders and interprets electromyography and nerve conduction studies rather than having a physiatrist order, perform, and interpret these studies. This is a fallacious argument and it is an inappropriate criterion for reviewing a text on medical rehabilitation. As Dr Edwards notes, a physiatrist is also a physician and a required part of his training are electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The<i>Guidelines in Electrodiagnostic Medicine</i><sup>2</sup>of the American Association of Electromyography and Electrodiagnosis states in the section on qualifications that an electromyographer must complete "an approved (American Medical Association, American Board of Medical Specialties) medical specialty graduate program in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, or equivalent postgraduate medical training." Training requirements in clinical electromyography "are met following three or more years of
Integrin αvβ3 Controls Activity and Oncogenic Potential of Primed c-Src
Authors: Stephan Huveneers, Iman van den Bout, Petra Sonneveld, Ana Sancho, Arnoud Sonnenberg, Erik H.J. Danen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Increased activity of the proto-oncogene c-Src and elevated levels of integrin αvβ3 are found in melanomas and multiple carcinomas. Regulation of c-Src involves “priming” through disruption of intramolecular interactions followed by “activation” through phosphorylation in the kinase domain. Interactions with overexpressed receptor tyrosine kinases or mutations in the SRC gene can induce priming of c-Src in cancer. Here, we show that αvβ3 promotes activation of primed c-Src, causing enhanced phosphorylation of established Src substrates, survival, proliferation, and tumor growth. The β3 cytoplasmic tail is required and sufficient for integrin-mediated stimulation of all these events through a mechanism that is independent of β3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Instead, experiments using Src variants containing the v-Src Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and using mutant β3 subunits indicate that a functional interaction of the β3 cytoplasmic tail with the c-Src SH3 domain is required. These findings delineate a novel integrin-controlled oncogenic signaling cascade and suggest that the interaction of αvβ3 with c-Src may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2693–700]
PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF CLOPIDOGREL AND TICLOPIDINE WITH OR WITHOUT A PROTON-PUMP INHIBITOR
Authors: Shuichi Oshima, Katuso Noda, Hironobu Fukushima, Shinichi Nakamura, Izsumi Taniguchi, Fumihito Kugimiya, Kenichiro Higa, Tsunenori Nishijima, Shinsuke Hanatani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of Medicaid Eligibility Expansion on Prenatal Care and Pregnancy Outcome in Tennessee
Authors: Joyce M. Piper
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To investigate the effects of a 1985 Tennessee Medicaid regulatory change that expanded eligibility coverage specifically for married women during pregnancy, we studied vital statistics files linked to Medicaid enrollment files. The greatest Medicaid coverage increase in terms of an absolute difference in rates and the number of women covered occurred in white married women younger than 25 years with less than 12 years of education, where enrollment increased 18%. However, in that group of mothers, as well as for the total of all mothers studied, there were no concomitant improvements in use of early prenatal care, birth weight, or neonatal mortality. Analysis of the timing of enrollment relative to the beginning of pregnancy showed that more than two thirds of the women who enrolled did so after the first trimester.
Pretransplant imatinib can improve the outcome of nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation without increasing the morbidity in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: D-W Kim, Y-J Chung, S Lee, Y-J Kim, N-G Chung, J A Kim, I-H Oh, T-G Kim, Y-L Kim, H-G Goh, S-H Kim, B Cho, H-J Kim, C-K Min, J W Lee, J Y Jin, C-W Han, J W Kim, W-S Min, H-K Kim, C-C Kim, H J Kim
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Right ventricular compression as a sign of cardiac tamponade: an analysis of echocardiographic ventricular dimensions and their clinical implications.
Authors: N B Schiller, E H Botvinick
Journal: Circulation (1977)

We have identified pericardial effusion by echocardiography in 174 patients. Seventeen had cardiac tamponade which was not always clinically obvious. Right ventricular narrowing or compression, occurring in the minor axis at end diastole and end expiration, to 7 +/- 2 mm or less, was strongly associated with tamponade in patients with effusion. Right ventricular compression and signs of tamponade abated with pericardiocentesis. One patient was in tamponade without obvious right ventricular narrowing. Nonetheless, he demonstrated serial increases in right ventricular dimensions which paralleled hemodynamic improvement. Diminished left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, "swinging heart," electrical alternans, reciprocal respiratory variations in right and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and variation in amplitude of the mitral D-E slope were nonspecific for tamponade. Evaluation of right ventricular dimensions may be clinically useful to diagnose and monitor cardiac tamponade.