tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Farming and Slaughterhouse Practices to Reduce Meat-Borne Disease—Reply
Authors: Rhoda H. Cobin, Bernard M. Rosof, Carl A. Sirio, Josie R. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2003)

To the Editor: Dr Landon and colleagues1 described a number of difficulties with the use of clinical outcomes to assess physicians' competence. We agree with their conclusion that clinical performance assessment for this purpose currently is not feasible.
Burning fingers, but where is the fire?
Authors: M.M.U. Chowdhury, P.J.A. Holt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Fabry’s disease is an uncommon condition but needs to be excluded as one of the differential diagnoses of unusual subjective symptoms of the extremities.1 An 11‐year‐old girl presented to the dermatology department with a 4‐year history of recurring pain in both her hands. Each episode lasted 4–10 days with severe pain described as ‘like burning fire’. During the attacks, the pain was continuous and partly relieved by holding cold objects, such as ice packs. The pain extended from the metacarpophalangeal joints to the proximal phalanges with the palms being spared. During the attack, the fingers assumed a claw‐like deformity, which disappeared after the pain settled. On examination, both during and following an episode of the pain, we observed no increased warmth, redness, sweating or swelling of the hands. The rest of the physical examination including skin and neurological examination was normal. The differential diagnoses considered for this unusual symptom of burning, painful hands were urticaria, C1 esterase deficiency, acute intermittent porphyria, erythromelalgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, peripheral neuritis, underlying psychological causes and Fabry’s disease, although history and examination excluded most of these. Investigations revealed C3 0·86 mg dL−1 (0·75–1·65), C4 0·17 mg dL−1 (0·14–0·45) and C1 esterase inhibitor 0·26 mg dL−1 (0·15–0·35). Porphyrin screening was normal. Alpha‐galactosidase A enzyme levels were 2·3 µmol L−1 (3·3–20·3) confirming her status as a Fabry’s disease carrier. Corneal slit lamp examination and urinary sediment screening were normal. By parental request, a skin biopsy was not taken from the patient. Her mother was screened and no abnormality was found in enzyme levels; her father was not known to have any clinical abnormalities suggestive of Fabry’s disease but was not available for screening. Genetic mutation studies have not been performed due to technical difficulties at the tertiary centre with expertise in the specific mutation in Fabry’s disease.
My best friend
Authors: H. Buyukhatipoglu
Journal: BMJ (2008)

There is one cartoon that always makes me chuckle—a physician at a “lost and found” kiosk holds up a picture of a stethoscope and says, “I think I have lost my stethoscope. It looks something like this.” 

I never thought of the stethoscope as a necessary instrument until the government assigned me to work in a rural area of Turkey. Similarly, I never believed that the old physical examination books could be useful because they focused on such outdated examination techniques, asking questions such as: “When you hear a cardiac murmur, …
Antibiotic Prescribing for Children With Colds, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, and Bronchitis
Authors: Ann-Christine Nyquist
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is associated with antibiotic use. Children receive a significant proportion of the antibiotics prescribed each year and represent an important target group for efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use.To evaluate antibiotic-prescribing practices for children younger than 18 years who had received a diagnosis of cold, upper respiratory tract infection (URI), or bronchitis in the United States.Representative national survey of practicing physicians participating in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey conducted in 1992 with a response rate of 73%.Office-based physician practices.Physicians completing patient record forms for patients younger than 18 years.Principal diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions.A total of 531 pediatric office visits were recorded that included a principal diagnosis of cold, URI, or bronchitis. Antibiotics were prescribed to 44% of patients with common colds, 46% with URIs, and 75% with bronchitis. Extrapolating to the United States, 6.5 million prescriptions (12% of all prescriptions for children) were written for children diagnosed as having a URI or nasopharyngitis (common cold), and 4.7 million (9% of all prescriptions for children) were written for children diagnosed as having bronchitis. After controlling for confounding factors, antibiotics were prescribed more often for children aged 5 to 11 years than for younger children (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.33) and rates were lower for pediatricians than for nonpediatricians (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.92). Children aged 0 to 4 years received 53% of all antibiotic prescriptions, and otitis media was the most frequent diagnosis for which antibiotics were prescribed (30% of all prescriptions).Antibiotic prescribing for children diagnosed as having colds, URIs, and bronchitis, conditions that typically do not benefit from antibiotics, represents a substantial proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions to children in the United States each year.
A Case of General Exfoliative Dermatitis (Pityriasis Rubra) accompanied with Fever and General Prostration
Authors: E. I. Sparks
Journal: BMJ (1875)

I must insist that this part of the operation should be done by the sur- geon himself, and that an enema-syringe is calculated to pump the fluid into the uterus with unnecessary and even dangerous force.From this risk the Higginson's syringe is comparatively free.The propelling force, even when the ball is firmly compressed, is small.Further, if the finger guiding the injection-tube be kept in the os uteri, information is given as to the effect produced in checking the bleeding, and the closure of the os upon the tube is obviated.As I have ex- plained in my work on the Diseases of Women, when the os uteri is closed, the uterus, contracting concentrically upon fluid contents, tends to drive the fluid along the Fallopian tubes.Dr. Swayne's comment to this effect is perfectly in accordance with observation.It is an im- perative condition to preserve patency of the cervix for the outflow of the injected fluid.In the work referred to, and in the third edition of the Obstetrical O0erations, which will shortly be published, I have dis- cussed with some care the subject of intrauterine injections in the puer- peral and non-pregnant woman.In the first work, I have given an example similar to that of Mr. Hodgson of severe collapse, following an ordinary vaginal injection of sulphate of zinc in a non-pregnant woman suffering from prolapse, with patency of the cervix uteri.Mr. Clark's case is an excellent illustration of the beneficial use of iron-injection inposi partunz flooding.Here again, as in many other cases, it acted after the failure of grasping, ergot, firm pressure on the abdomen, and the injection of cold water.It is not unworthy of re- mark, that Mr. Clark had previously injected a solution of permanganate of potash.It did no good ; although, had the uterus been excitable, the cold might have been expected to act.I have recently been in- formed by an excellcent provincial l)ractitioner that, in a case where previous experience had led him to anticipate floodingr, when he had consequently ,given ergot and used all other means of prophylaxis, hnemorrhage occurring, he injected permanganate solution with ap- parent advantage.But the uterus relaxed again, filled with blood, and death ensued.He has since trusted to the iron-injection in similar cases, and always successfully.I-e believes that, had he not been de- terred from using it in the case described, the woman would have been saved.
Determinants of Recurrent or Residual Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation After Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Shota Fukuda, A. Marc Gillinov, Patrick M. McCarthy, William J. Stewart, Jong-Min Song, Takashi Kihara, Masao Daimon, Mi-Seong Shin, James D. Thomas, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The durability of tricuspid valve (TV) repair by annuloplasty is limited. Identification of mechanisms of recurrent or residual tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after annuloplasty is necessary to improve results of TV repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate echocardiographic determinants of mid-term outcome after TV annuloplasty.This study consisted of 39 patients with functional TR who had echocardiography preoperatively, early postoperatively (5+/-2 days), and >1 year (20+/-6 months) after TV annuloplasty. Detailed echocardiographic measurements were performed, including TR severity, TV annular dimension, TV leaflet displacement, left ventricular (LV) function, and right ventricular (RV) function and pressures. Preoperative leaflet tethering height and area predicted early and mid-term outcome of annuloplasty. Early postoperative LV ejection fraction and TR severity influenced degree of TR >1 year after surgery. In addition, increased RV pressure was related to worse TR during late follow-up.Although TV tethering is an important determinant of recurrent or residual TR, LV and RV function and pressures impact repair durability. These factors identify patients at risk for repair failure; such individuals require development of additional surgical strategies to improve results of tricuspid valve repair and close surveillance after surgery.
Hepatic Friction Rub
Authors: Stanley L. Wiener
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Hepatic friction rubs have been described in patients with primary and secondary tumors of the liver, liver abscess, syphilitic hepatitis, gonococcal perihepatitis, and after biopsy. We have recently observed a loud hepatic friction rub in a 39-year-old woman with Behcet syndrome and erythroleukemia. This patient had massive hepatomegaly (25-cm span), with the liver edge felt at the level of the iliac crest. The liver was diffusely tender to palpation, and she had right upper quadrant pain associated with respiratory movements and general body movements. The spleen tip was felt at the umbilicus, but no rub was heard over the left abdomen.  A friction rub was heard on the third day of her admission, well localized over the lateral aspect of the right lobe of the liver. This persisted until her death one week later. At autopsy, no fibrinous exudate was apparent on the liver surface and there
Sensitization rates to food and aeroallergens amongst 1 year olds in UK ? a population based study*1
Authors: J. Grundy, B. Pereira, B. Mealy, M. Fenn, N. Siddique, C. Venter, S. Matthews, S.H. Arshad, T. Dean
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
A method for cloning T‐lymphocytic precursors in agar
Authors: B. Löwenberg, H. M. C. de Zeeuw
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A new technique for the culture of T‐lymphocytic colonies is reported. The method may be regarded as a human lymphocyte precursor cell assay, as is the myeloid colony culture for granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors. The colonies arise under the simultaneous stimulation of phytohemagglutin and a leukocyte feeder. A linear relationship is found between colony numbers and cell numbers plated. The colonies represent aggregates of lymphoblast‐like cells, the majority of which are capable of E‐rosette formation, are responsive in mixed lymphocyte cultures, and do not exhibit surface immunoglobulins. Their density distribution profile is very similar to that of myeloid colony‐forming cells. The finding that most of these colony‐forming cells are recovered in the so‐called lymphocyte‐free stem cell fraction following density fractionation suggests that they originate from a lymphocytic precursor.
Exam 1: Identification of Cholangiocarcinoma by Using the Spyglass Spyscope System for Peroral Cholangioscopy and Biopsy Collection
Authors: Shyam S. Varadarajulu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)

Identification of Cholangiocarcinoma by Using the Spyglass Spyscope System for Peroral Cholangioscopy and Biopsy CollectionClinical Gastroenterology and HepatologyVol. 10Issue 5PreviewIt is a challenge to collect samples from bile duct strictures to diagnose patients with cholangiocarcinoma. We investigated the utility of the Spyglass Spyscope, a single-operator endoscope that is used to perform cholangiopancreatoscopy, to identify extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients who were not diagnosed with this disorder by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) cytology or endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) analyses. Full-Text PDF
USE OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE IN CHRONIC NEGRO SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: MARSHALL C. SEXTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

It is realized that only tentative conclusions can be drawn from such a small series. We can say, however, that our results thus far are encouraging and in some cases quite dramatic. Prompt initial improvement in such difficult cases and in such small dosage makes further study seem imperative. Indeed, we have now undertaken investigation of the effects of trifluoperazine on a much larger group in our patients over a more extended period. The absence so far of any serious side symptoms has also been impressive.
Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families
Authors: Clare Haynes-Seman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<b>Greater Expectations: Overcoming the Culture of Indulgence in America's Homes and Schools</b>, by William Damon, 285 pp, $23, ISBN 0-02-906935-1, New York, NY, The Free Press, 1995. In<i> Beating the Devil out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families</i>, Murray A. Straus begins by lamenting the lack of attention that social scientists and researchers have given to corporal punishment and its effect on children. He argues that the acceptance of corporal punishment by parents, teachers, and even those who write books on child development has led to the tendency to ignore the relationship of this form of violence perpetrated against children by their parents to all other forms of violence. Perhaps one of the more convincing arguments that appears throughout the book is that using violence to correct misbehavior or solve problems teaches the child, often beginning in the infancy and toddler years, that one uses violence to correct wrongs.
Comparison of outcomes after single or double cord blood transplantation in adults with acute leukemia using different types of myeloablative conditioning regimen, a retrospective study on behalf of Eurocord and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT
Authors: A Ruggeri, G Sanz, H Bittencourt, J Sanz, A Rambaldi, F Volt, I Yakoub-Agha, J M Ribera, L Mannone, J Sierra, M Mohty, C Solano, S Nabhan, W Arcese, E Gluckman, M Labopin, V Rocha
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Risk and Predictors of Stroke After Myocardial Infarction Among the Elderly
Authors: Judith H. Lichtman, Harlan M. Krumholz, Yun Wang, Martha J. Radford, Lawrence M. Brass
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Stroke is an important outcome after acute myocardial infarction. Studies that have examined this relationship have largely excluded older patients, even though half of stroke admissions occur among patients 75 years of age and older. Methods and Results — Among 111 023 medicare patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction during an 8-month period in 1994 to 1995, we identified hospital admissions for ischemic stroke within 6 months of discharge. The rate of admission was 2.5% within 6 months. Independent predictors of ischemic stroke were age ≥75 years, black race, no aspirin at discharge, frailty, prior stroke, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, and history of peripheral vascular disease. To identify individuals at increased risk for stroke, a risk stratification score was constructed from identified factors. The 6-month stroke admission rate for patients with a score of 4 or higher (≈20% of the total sample) was ≈4%. Conclusions — The risk of stroke after myocardial infarction is substantial, with about 1 in 40 patients suffering an ischemic stroke within 6 months of discharge. Simple clinical factors can predict the risk of stroke and, based on these factors, we identified 20% of older patients who have a 1 in 25 chance of being hospitalized for a stroke within 6 months of discharge.
LOCAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY IN THE SKIN OF RABBITS TO INFECTION WITH (1) A FILTERABLE VIRUS, AND (2) HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Thomas M. Rivers, William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Small areas of skin infiltrated with immune serum proved refractory to the injurious action of a filterable rabbit virus inoculated 24 to 48 hours later. Infiltrations of normal serum did not appreciably protect the skin against the virus. The local protection afforded by the infiltrations of immune serum appears to constitute an example of local passive immunity. Small areas of skin infiltrated with either normal serum or meat infusion broth proved more refractory than normal skin to infection with hemolytic streptococci inoculated 24 hours later. The refractory state induced in the tissues was non-specific in character. A greater amount of local protection against hemolytic streptococci was afforded by infiltrations with a homologous immune serum than by infiltrations with normal serum. The difference in the amount of protection afforded by immune serum over that induced by normal serum may be thought of as representative of the degree of local passive immunity conferred.
Mass Screening Programs for Sickle Cell Hemoglobin
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1972)

With the passage of the National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act in Congress, recently, millions of dollars will be available for research, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling for this dread disease. A substantial proportion of the consequent multimillion dollar funding will encourage and support numberless man-hours of work by physicians, technologists, social workers, health workers, and government officials in pursuit of well-intentioned mass sickle-cell screening programs. If such efforts are undertaken with less than adequate insight and understanding of some of the problems and goals involved, less than optimal benefits will be achieved and the black victims of this disease will bear the burden of the measure of failure. A few highly pertinent considerations of the overall problem may be helpful for those individuals who will be responsible in the future for the organization and delivery of mass screening programs, both for civilians or military personnel. A successful mass
Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Bone and Immune System
Authors: Joseph Lorenzo, Mark Horowitz, Yongwon Choi
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Bone and the immune system are both complex tissues that respectively regulate the skeleton and the body's response to invading pathogens. It has now become clear that these organ systems often interact in their function. This is particularly true for the development of immune cells in the bone marrow and for the function of bone cells in health and disease. Because these two disciplines developed independently, investigators in each don't always fully appreciate the significance that the other system has on the function of the tissue they are studying. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the many ways that bone and immune cells interact so that a better understanding of the role that each plays in the development and function of the other can develop. It is hoped that an appreciation of the interactions of these two organ systems will lead to better therapeutics for diseases that affect either or both.
Abstract 3287: Mutational analysis of serous ovarian cancer using Ion Torrent sequencing
Authors: Salome Masghati, Oliver Dorigo, Chintda Santisvkulvong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is a biologically diverse tumor with heterogeneous molecular subtypes. Genetic mutations in various oncogenes have been previously identified in high grade serous ovarian cancer, including RB1, CDK12, BRAF, PI3KCA, and KRAS. To further investigate genetic variants, we screened 104 high grade serous ovarian cancer specimens for 2.855 hotspot regions of 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel. The panel contains 207 primer pairs in a single tube, using only 10ng of DNA to allow sequencing. Data analysis was performed via Ion Torrent software version 3.0, Nextgene software version 2.3.2, Excel and Medcalc. Our analysis resulted in the detection of 240 mutation variants. The most frequent mutation variants detected were in PDGFRA (91.35%), FGFR3 (90.38%), APC (86.54%), RET (82.69%), EGFR (74.04%), and TP53 (52.88%). When only COSMIC hotspot mutations were analyzed, genes with frequent mutations were APC (COSM19349; 91.35%), KDR (COSM149673; 56.7%), PDGFRA (COSM22413; 36.5%), KIT (COSM28026; 19.23%) and TP53 (COSM10704; 7.69%). The COSM19349 APC hot spot mutation results in a frameshift and has been described in colorectal cancer. The hotspot PDGFRA mutation (COSM22413) is a silent mutation that has been previously reported in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gliomas and endometrial carcinoma. KDR (COSM149673) is a missense mutation that has been found in stomach cancer. KIT (COSM28026) is a missense mutation that has been confirmed as a somatic mutation in chordomas, hematologic malignancies and Merkel cell carcinoma. The TP53 (COSM10704) hotspot mutation has been found in many different tissues, including serous ovarian cancer, breast cancer and GI tract malignancies. We used the dbNSFP database (database for nonsynonymous SNPs' functional predictions) via Nextgene for functional prediction analysis using six algorithms (PolyPhen, SIFT, Mutation Taster, LRT and 1000 Genomes). Among the most frequent hotspot mutations, TP53 (COSM10704) was found to be ‘damaging’ via all prediction tools. KIT (COSM28026) was found to be ‘possibly damaging’ via PolyPhen. In summary, Ion Torrent sequencing revealed mutation variants in serous ovarian cancer that have not been previously identified. Further studies will be needed to analyze the functional and clinical importance of these variants. Citation Format: Salome Masghati, Oliver Dorigo, Chintda Santisvkulvong. Mutational analysis of serous ovarian cancer using Ion Torrent sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3287. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3287
Correlations in pravastatin treatment effect between carotid and femoral intima-media thickness, and coronary artery stenosis
Authors: Eric de Groot, J.Wouter Jukema, Aeliko H. Zwindeman, Alexander D. Montouban van Swijndregt, Ad J. van Boven, Rob G.A. Ackerstaff, Anton F.W. van der Steen, Nicolaas Bom, Albert V.G. Bruschke, Kong I. Lie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)