tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3318: Cytotoxic effect of photosensitive fluorescent protein KillerRed-expressing adenovirus against human cancer cells.
Authors: Kiyoto Takehara, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Nobuhiro Narii, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer therapy to induce tumor-specific cytotoxicity by accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) and following non-toxic light irradiation to tumor tissues. Non-toxic light irradiation induces the PS-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cytotoxicity in tumor cells. For clinical application, some kinds of PSs, such as photofrin and laserphyrin, are intravenously injected before light irradiation in anticancer PDT. However, the lack of sufficient and continuous accumulation of PSs in tumor tissues makes difficult to eradicate tumor cells by PDT. Therefore, the development of novel PSs that accumulate to tumor tissues more efficiently and persistently is required to improve the antitumor effect of PDT. A bioengineered fluorescent protein KillerRed has been previously reported to generate ROS upon green light irradiation, suggesting a potential of KillerRed fluorescent protein as a novel PS. We recently confirmed that transient or stable transfection with KillerRed-expressing plasmid vector efficiently suppressed the cell viability through induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in various types of human cancer cells when combined with light irradiation. In this study, we constructed non-replicative adenovirus expressing cytotoxic KillerRed (Ad-KillerRed) or non-cytotoxic red fluorescent protein Katushka (Ad-Katushka). The cytotoxic effect of these viruses was investigated in human cancer H1299, HCT116 and HT29 cells in combination with light irradiation. Infection with Ad-KillerRed or Ad-Katushka did not induce any cytotoxic effect in human cancer cells without light irradiation. When combined with light irradiation, human cancer cells infected with Ad-KillerRed, but not Ad-Katushka, showed morphological change like round-shape. However, the cell viability was not significantly suppressed in Ad-KillerRed-infected cancer cells after light irradiation. These results suggest that replication-competent adenovirus is necessary to efficiently induce KillerRed-mediated cytotoxic effect in human cancer cells in combination with light irradiation. Now we are planning to generate the replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus expressing KillerRed and investigate its antitumor effect on the in vitro and in vivo settings. Citation Format: Kiyoto Takehara, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Nobuhiro Narii, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara. Cytotoxic effect of photosensitive fluorescent protein KillerRed-expressing adenovirus against human cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3318. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3318
Forthcoming Ballot of Psychiatrists
Authors: D. Curran
Journal: BMJ (1964)

ment selectively for over a decade without seeing any of the theoretical ill-effects so often mentioned.Conversely we have read and heard of patients dying from pneumococcal meningitis without having received any intrathecal penicillin.McKendrick5 pleaded strongly for its regular use, quoting mortality rates of 25-30% without (vide the 29% mortality in Heycock and Noble's series) and 9-12% with its use for five to seven days.Intrathecal therapy with streptomycin also has a valuable role in the management of relapsing haemophilus meningitis, for intramuscular dosage alone does not usually give an adequate C.S.F.level.In McKendrick's' series of 17 cases where this additional measure was employed routinely there was only one death.This compares favourably with the Sunderland figures of four deaths in 21 cases, of whom only a third received intrathecal streptomycin." Rarely, if ever," should intrathecal therapy be omitted from the management of pneumococcal or relapsing haemophilus meningitis.Finally, is it not general experience that aseptic virus meningitis is now more, and not less, common than pyogenic meningitis; and that tuberculous meningitis has become some- thing of a rarity in most centres ?-I am, etc., J. P. ANDERSON.
A CASE OF SUFFOCATIVE LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS, AND A METHOD OF IMMEDIATE RELIEF.
Authors: EDWIN J. KUH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In illustration of an additional indication for the method described in my article, "A Topical Treatment of Bronchitis," (<i>Philadelphia Medical News</i>, of March 11, 1893, and<i>Chicago Medical Recorder</i>of March, 1893,) I wish to describe the following case: Mrs. L. L. attended a ball shortly after her return from a wedding trip to the South. The day following I found her suffering from what seemed to be an ordinary laryngo tracheitis. On the succeeding morning I was again called and found the conditions greatly changed. She had been awake all night suffering from an attack or "croup." As this was to her a familiar reminiscence from childhood, she was more amused at her sudden rejuvenation, than alarmed at her distress. I found her with accelerated and stridulent respiration, and cyanotic face. There was a gurgling sound of advancing and receding mucus in the wind-pipe. Occasionally the mucus would become
THE ETIOLOGICAL RELATION OF SPIRILLA (VIBRIO FETUS) TO BOVINE ABORTION
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The isolation in pure culture of a definite morphological entity (vibrio or spirillum) with practically the same biological characters from a series of cases of the same clinical complex (abortion) establishes a presumption in favor of the specific identity of the organisms and also in favor of the inference that such organisms are etiologically related to the diseased condition. This presumption is strengthened by the fact that disease of the fetal membranes followed the injection of pure cultures of this organism in two out of four cases.
Lessons for neurotoxicology from selected model compounds: SGOMSEC joint report.
Authors: D C Rice, A M Evangelista de Duffard, R Duffard, A Iregren, H Satoh, C Watanabe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The ability to identify potential neurotoxicants depends upon the characteristics of our test instruments. The neurotoxic properties of lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic solvents would all have been detected at some dose level by tests in current use, provided that the doses were high enough and administered at an appropriate time such as during gestation. The adequacy of animal studies, particularly rodent studies, to predict intake levels at which human health can be protected is disappointing, however. It is unlikely that the use of advanced behavioral methodology would alleviate the apparent lack of sensitivity of the rodent model for many agents.
STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM
Authors: Kurt Paucker, Werner Henle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

An experimental analysis is here presented of the conditions that lead to the appearance of non-infectious hemagglutinins (NIHA) in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos injected with standard influenza virus (PR8 strain) which had been exposed to 37°C. in vitro for various periods of time. On progressive reduction of the infectivity of the undiluted inocula from about 109 to 103 ID50 (103.2 HA units) the yields of infectious virus in 24 hours decreased in straight correspondence 1 millionfold, but those of hemagglutinins only by a factor of 10. Thus the proportions of NIHA in the yields increased sharply but the total quantity obtained decreased gradually. The quantities of infectious virus produced per ID50 injected were the same throughout this range; i.e., between 50 and 100 ID50, regardless of increasing proportions of heat-inactivated virus in the seeds. This value agrees with previous estimates of yields under other conditions. Thus, initiation and completion of first cycles by the infectious virus remaining in the inocula were not, or at most, slightly inhibited. The inactivated virus, therefore, failed to establish immediate interference. It was capable, however, of holding the infectious process to one cycle. Upon 10-fold dilution of the seeds essentially similar results were obtained except that a slight loss in interfering activity could now be detected with an increase in exposure to 37°C. With further dilutions little or no interference was noted. The capacity to yield NIHA decreased slowly during exposure of the seeds to 37°C. over a period of 5 days, thereafter more rapidly. It could not be restored by addition of infectious virus. Furthermore, since NIHA was obtained when the seeds contained as little as 102 or 103 ID50, it is unlikely that it was derived from those cells which had adsorbed both infectious and inactivated seed virus. It is suggestive that multiple adsorption of inactivated virus particles per se will yield NIHA. The available information, as discussed, favors the view that the NIHA does not represent seed virus in some form but is newly produced.
DETAILED INVESTIGATION OF VASCULAR RESPONSE BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Masamichi Iwasaki, Hiromasa Otake, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Shite, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antioxidant Treatment Associated with Sildenafil Reduces Monocyte Activation and Markers of Endothelial Damage in Patients with Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Susanna Morano, Elisabetta Mandosi, Mara Fallarino, Alessandra Gatti, Claudio Tiberti, Maurizio Sensi, Loredana Gandini, Barbara Buchetti, Luisa Lenti, Emmanuele Angelo Jannini, Andrea Lenzi
Journal: European Urology (2007)
High Seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Active Bronchiectasis
Authors: KENNETH W. TSANG, SHIU-KUM LAM, WAH-KIT LAM, JOHAN KARLBERG, BENJAMIN C. WONG, WAYNE H. HU, WING-WAI YEW, MARY S. IP
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Helicobacter pylori causes chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and has been identified in tracheobronchial secretions. Serum IgG against H. pylori was therefore measured prospectively in consecutive subjects with bronchiectasis (n = 100; mean age ± SD 55.1 ± 16.7 yr), active pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 87; age, 57.3 ± 19.1 yr), and healthy volunteers (n = 94; age, 54.6 ± 7.6 yr). Seropositivity was found in 76.0% of bronchiectatic subjects, which was significantly higher than that of the control (54.3%, p = 0.001) and tuberculous (52.9%, p = 0.0001) groups. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, occupational social class, and number of persons living in the household, showed that H. pylori IgG levels of the bronchiectatic group were still significantly higher than that of the control (p = 0.0014) and tuberculous (p = 0.0154) groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed associations between H. pylori serology and sputum volume (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.001) in the bronchiectatic patients, but not lung function indices or causes of bronchiectasis. The H. pylori seroprevalence in bronchiectasis was significantly (p = 0.0002) higher in patients who produced more (83.1%) than those who produced less than 5 ml sputum/24 h (58.6%). This is the first report of a high H. pylori seroprevalence in bronchiectasis which appears to be specific. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the possible pathogenic role of H. pylori in bronchiectasis.
The European Network For Understanding Mechanisms Of Severe Asthma study; Host response to transmissible &lt;I&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/I&gt;; The use of computer-animation programs during spirometry in preschool children
Authors: P. G. Gibson, J. L. Simpson, S. T. Holgate, S-E. Dahlén, D. W. Reid, A. Champion, R. Bradbury, S. M. Kirov, A. M. Jones, R. J. Bright-Thomas, M. E. Dodd, A. K. Webb, W. Kozlowska, P. Aurora, J. Stocks, V. Gracchi, M. Boel, J. Van der Laag, C. K. Van der Ent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)
Liberia and Sierra Leone could see 1.4 million Ebola cases by January
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Without additional intervention the number of cases of Ebola virus disease in the west African countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone could reach 1.4 million by the end of January, a report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has found.1

“If conditions continue without scale-up of interventions, cases will continue to double approximately every 20 days, and the number of cases in West Africa will rapidly reach extraordinary levels,” the report said.

However, the report’s findings also indicated that the epidemic could be quickly brought under control by rapidly increasing the number of patients being treated in medical care facilities and by improving home care and prevention in affected communities.

The CDC’s estimate is the second dire prediction to come out this week. A study by the World Health Organization and Imperial College London, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , projected that the number of …
Treating Nondementia Illnesses in Patients With Dementia
Authors: Daniel J. Brauner
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Physicians increasingly are called on to provide primary care for the growing population of people with Alzheimer-type dementia. However, little attention has been paid to the care of nondementia illnesses in this group of patients. To illustrate how presence of dementia can alter the risk-benefit ratio of treatment of a common medical problem, we present a case study in which a patient with dementia developed disastrous adverse effects to a drug commonly used to treat osteoporosis. This case and 2 composite vignettes illuminate how presence of dementia should influence the decision-making process for treatment of nondementia illnesses. We address issues such as decreased decision-making capacity, problems with reporting adverse effects, decreased cognition leading to problems with treatment adherence, and the role of screening and basic questions about acceptable burdens of treatments in patients with limited prognosis. We suggest ways to improve communication with patients with dementia in an effort to minimize complications and improve care, as well as policy changes to include patients with dementia in clinical trials.
Interference by Gastrografin with a spectrophotometric trypsin assay
Authors: A. E. Cowen, H. M. McGeary, C. B. Campbell
Journal: Gut (1972)

Small quantities of Gastrografin remaining in the intestinal tract some hours after introduction have been shown to cause falsely low trypsin values as determined by a spectrophotometric assay system. This interference is due first to the high absorbance of Gastrografin at 254 nm resulting in a falsely high background optical density. Secondly, Gastrografin inhibits esterase activity towards the synthetic substrate used in this assay. Gastrografin did not interfere with gelatin proteolysis by trypsin and did not affect amylase or lipase determination. Thus the instillation of Gastrografin into the duodenum before pancreatic function tests should be avoided when the trypsin content is to be determined spectrophotometrically.
Chronic high-dose creatine feeding does not attenuate left ventricular remodeling in rat hearts post-myocardial infarction
Authors: M Horn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: In heart failure, cardiac energy metabolism is compromised. The failing myocardium is characterized by reduced contents of both phosphorylated (phosphocreatine) and non-phosphorylated (free) creatine content as well as decreased energy reserve via creatine kinase (creatine kinase reaction velocity). These changes may contribute to cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic feeding with high-dose dietary creatine prevents the derangement of energy metabolism and the development of left ventricular remodeling in a rat model of heart failure, i.e. post-myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results: Rats were subjected to sham operation or left coronary artery ligation. Surviving rats were fed with 0% (untreated) or 3% creatine (related to weight of diet) for 8 weeks. Creatine feeding increased serum creatine levels significantly ∼2-fold. Thereafter, hearts were isolated, perfused and left ventricular pressure–volume curves obtained. Steady state and dynamic (CK reaction velocity) high-energy phosphate metabolism was determined with 31P NMR spectroscopy. In both MI groups (treated n=8, untreated n=7), pressure–volume curves were shifted right- and downward compared to both sham groups (treated n=5, untreated n=7), i.e. creatine had no effect on left ventricular remodeling. Likewise, similar reductions of phosphocreatine, free creatine and creatine kinase reaction velocity (untreated sham 12.0±0.7 mmol/l×s; untreated MI 7.8±0.7*; treated sham 13.6±1.0; treated MI 7.2±1.1*; * p<0.025 sham vs. MI) were found in both MI groups. Conclusions: Chronic creatine feeding of post-MI rats is ineffective in preventing the functional and energetic derangements occurring post-MI. Inspite of increased serum creatine levels, neither the normal nor the failing heart accumulates additional creatine.
Actin Cytoskeleton Rest Stops Regulate Anterograde Traffic of Connexin 43 Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane
Authors: James W. Smyth, Jacob M. Vogan, Pranali J. Buch, Shan-Shan Zhang, Tina S. Fong, Ting-Ting Hong, Robin M. Shaw
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The intracellular trafficking of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels presents opportunities to regulate cardiomyocyte gap junction coupling. Although it is known that Cx43 hemichannels are transported along microtubules to the plasma membrane, the role of actin in Cx43 forward trafficking is unknown.We explored whether the actin cytoskeleton is involved in Cx43 forward trafficking.High-resolution imaging reveals that Cx43 vesicles colocalize with nonsarcomeric actin in adult cardiomyocytes. Live-cell fluorescence imaging reveals Cx43 vesicles as stationary or traveling slowly (average speed 0.09 μm/s) when associated with actin. At any time, the majority (81.7%) of vesicles travel at subkinesin rates, suggesting that actin is important for Cx43 transport. Using Cx43 containing a hemagglutinin tag in the second extracellular loop, we developed an assay to detect transport of de novo Cx43 hemichannels to the plasma membrane after release from Brefeldin A-induced endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi vesicular transport block. Latrunculin A (for specific interference of actin) was used as an intervention after reinitiation of vesicular transport. Disruption of actin inhibits delivery of Cx43 to the cell surface. Moreover, using the assay in primary cardiomyocytes, actin inhibition causes an 82% decrease (P<0.01) in de novo endogenous Cx43 delivery to cell-cell borders. In Langendorff-perfused mouse heart preparations, Cx43/β-actin complexing is disrupted during acute ischemia, and inhibition of actin polymerization is sufficient to reduce levels of Cx43 gap junctions at intercalated discs.Actin is a necessary component of the cytoskeleton-based forward trafficking apparatus for Cx43. In cardiomyocytes, Cx43 vesicles spend a majority of their time pausing at nonsarcomeric actin rest stops when not undergoing microtubule-based transport to the plasma membrane. Deleterious effects on this interaction between Cx43 and the actin cytoskeleton during acute ischemia contribute to losses in Cx43 localization at intercalated discs.
India launches mental health policy to improve access to services
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Indian government has launched its first mental health policy to facilitate universal access to services. Until now access had been available only to the richest people in society, said health minister Harsh Vardhan.

The new policy, launched on 10 October, also aims to improve the understanding of mental health across India and to strengthen leadership in the field of mental healthcare in the country. It is backed by the Mental Health Action …
DNA-dependent protein kinase does not play a role in adaptive survival responses to ionizing radiation.
Authors: E Odegaard, C R Yang, D A Boothman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

We previously demonstrated that exposure of certain human tumor cells to very low chronic doses of ionizing radiation led to their enhanced survival following exposure to subsequent high doses of radiation. Survival enhancement due to these adaptive survival responses (ASRs) ranged from 1.5-fold to 2.2-fold in many human tumor cells. Furthermore, we showed that ASRs result from altered G1 checkpoint regulation, possibly mediated by overexpression of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the X-ray induction of cyclin A. Because cyclin D1 and PCNA proteins are components of many DNA synthetic and repair processes in the cell, we tested the hypothesis that preexposure of cells to low doses of ionizing radiation enabled activation of the DNA repair machinery needed for survival recovery after high-dose radiation. We examined the role of DNA break repair in ASRs using murine cells deficient (i.e., severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID] cells) or proficient (i.e., parental mouse strain [CB-17] cells) in DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression and DNA double-strand break repair, DNA-PKcs is a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by DNA breaks and plays a key role in double-strand break repair. DNA-PKcs also phosphorylates several nuclear DNA-binding regulatory transcription factor proteins (e.g., Sp1 and p53), which suggests that DNA-PKcs may play a role in regulating transcription, replication, and recombination as well as DNA repair, after radiation. Therefore, we exposed confluent SCID or CB-17 cells to low priming doses of ionizing radiation (i.e., 5 cGy) and compared the survival responses of primed cells to those of unprimed cells after an equitoxic high-dose challenge. Low-dose-primed SCID or CB-17 cells demonstrated 2-fold enhanced survival after a high-dose challenge compared to that of unprimed control cells. These data suggest that expression of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PKcs (expressed in CB-17 not SCID cells) and the presence of active double-strand break repair processes (active in CB-17, deficient in SCID cells) do not play a major role in ASRs in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we present data that suggest that DNA-PKcs plays a role in the regulation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint following extremely high doses of ionizing radiation.
MULTI-SITE INTRADERMAL AND MULTI-SITE SUBCUTANEOUS RABIES VACCINATION: IMPROVED ECONOMICAL REGIMENS
Authors: M.J Warrell, K.G Nicholson, Pornthep Chanthavanich, Abha Sinhaseni, C Xueref, Pravan Suntharasamai, D.A Warrell, Chaisin Viravan, Rod Phanfung, J.-C Vincent-Falquet
Journal: The Lancet (1984)