tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11259: Lower Achieved Systolic Pressure is Associated With Increased Short-Term Mortality After Stroke in Hypertensive Patients With Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Peter M Okin, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Hypertensive patients with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are at increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Lowering blood pressure (BP) after stroke reduces the risk of recurrent stroke, but recent data suggest that lower systolic BP (SBP) measured 5 years after stroke is associated with worse long-term outcomes. Whether lower SBP is associated with increased short-term mortality after stroke in hypertensive patients is unclear.   Methods:  All-cause and CV mortality were examined in relation to average in-treatment SBP in 541 hypertensive patients with ECG LVH randomly assigned to losartan- or atenolol-based treatment who had new strokes during follow-up. Patients with average SBP  157 (highest tertile) were compared with patients with average SBP between 144 and 157.   Results:  During 2.02±1.65 years mean follow-up after first stroke, 170 patients (31.4%) died, 135 (25.0%) from CV causes. SBP  157 with significantly higher all-cause and CV mortality rates than SBP between 144 and 157 (table), with the highest unadjusted mortality rates in patients with SBP >157. In univariate Cox analyses, compared with average SBP between 144 and 157, patients with SBP  157 an increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality. In multivariate Cox analyses adjusting for significant univariate predictors of mortality (see table), an average SBP  157 had no significant increased risk of death.   Conclusions:  Lower achieved SBP (
Developmental structuralist approach to the classification of adaptive and pathologic personality organizations: infancy and early childhood
Authors: Stanley I. Greenspan, Reginald S. Lourie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Traditional classification of psychopathology is based on either symptom clusters or etiology. The authors suggest the use of a developmental structuralist approach, which focuses on an organism's manner of organizing and differentiating its experience of the world (structures) at each developmental level. The authors describe their postulated development stages of infancy and early childhood and discuss the implications of their approach for understanding adaptive and maladaptive infant functioning, environmental patterns, and principles of preventive intervention. In addition to diagnosis and preventive or therapeutic planning, this approach may be valuable for longitudinal studies and assessing developmental progression and/or outcome because continuity can be observed in terms of developmental level of adaptability rather than specific behaviors and because its provides a set of "baseline" functions to assess clinically relevant aspects of development.
Diet and related lifestyle, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Middle Eastern and African countries: A systematic review
Authors: Karima El Rhazi, Tim Reeves, Chakib Nejjari, Peter Burney, Vanessa Garcia Larsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Diet and lifestyle may modulate lung function and COPD but most evidence comes from richer countries. We have systematically investigated the evidence on the association between diet and lung function in Africa and the Middle East, where the burden of COPD is increasing.   Methods   Protocol-driven strategies were used to search the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for all studies published up to September 2013 on any dietary or related lifestyle exposures and lung function (LF) or COPD. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (SR) and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for data extraction. Quality of eligible papers was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).   Results    782 potentially relevant studies were identified. 631 titles and abstracts were examined for eligibility after eliminating 151 duplicate studies. 22 studies met the inclusion criteria: 16 cross-sectional, 3 case-control, and 3 interventions. 18 were on lung function and 4 on COPD. Exposures were limited to vitamins A, C and E, omega 3 fatty acids, use of nutrient supplements, obesity, body fat, and prolonged periods of fasting (Ramadan). The samples studied were mostly unrepresentative of the general population. Most studies shown a positive association between antioxidant nutrients and LF but data were too heterogeneous to carry out meta-analyses.   Conclusion   This first systematic review on diet and related risk factors for lung function and COPD in Africa and the Middle East highlights the need for improved studies in the general population of this region.  ERS fellowshipSTRTF - 2013-3077 supported Dr El-Rhazi.
Abstract 16529: Intracoronary Infusion of GCSF-Mobilized Human CD34+ Cells Preserves Left Ventricular Function and Prevents Infarct Expansion in a Swine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yasuyuki Fujita, Makoto Kinoshita, Hiroshi Akimaru, Erika Akimaru, Miki Komatsu, Yutaka Furukawa, Takayuki Asahara, Atsuhiko Kawamoto
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: A phase I clinical trial revealed the safety and potential efficacy of intracoronary (i.c.) infusion of bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The final results of the “PreSERVE AMI” randomized phase II trial will be obtained this year. Despite such clinical development, CD34+ cell therapy for AMI has been preclinically investigated in the rat and mouse models, but not large animals. Methods: AMI was induced by 60 min-balloon inflation and reperfusion in the left anterior descending artery of the farm swine. One week after AMI, swine were randomly allocated to receive i.c. infusion of 2х105/kg GCSF-mobilized human CD34+ cells (cell group, n=8) or saline (control group, n=7). Immunosuppression was maintained by intramuscular injection of cyclosporine daily from week 1 to 5. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess cardiac function and infarct size at week 1 and 5. All swine were sacrificed at week 5. Chemical staining for isolectin B4 was performed to detect capillaries in the cardiac tissue. Results: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased in cell group (42.9±5.2 at week 1 to 48.5±4.1% at week 5, p&lt;0.05) but not control group (47.6±2.4 to 44.8±3.5%, p=NS). LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) decreased in cell group (38.3±4.9 to 31.4±5.3 ml, p&lt;0.01) but not control group (35.4±5.4 to 37.7±5.4 ml, p=NS). Regional wall thickening (RWT) in the border zone increased in cell group (30.8±14.9 to 45.5±10.4%, p&lt;0.01) but not control group (37.2±16.4 to 26.4±9.3%). Infarct size by delayed enhancement increased in control group (16.8±7.5 to 22.35±6.4% of LV mass, p&lt;0.05) but not cell group (20.5±10.2 to 20.87±8.0%). Changes in LVEF, LVESV and RWT between week 1 and 5 were better preserved in cell group than control group (p&lt;0.05, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Histological capillary density in border zone was greater in cell group than control group (1698.0±474.2 vs 998.6±269.6/mm2, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Human CD34+ cell therapy may preserve global and regional LV function and prevent infarct expansion through enhancing neocapillary formation in swine with AMI. The favorable outcomes would support the further clinical development of the cell-based therapy in patients with AMI.
Abstract 231: Blended Advanced Life Support Training: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Robin P Davies, Jenny Lam, Ian Bullock, Tom Clutton-Broch, Mike Gales, Andrew Lockey, Peter Kimani, Nigel Stallard, Gavin D Perkins
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Competency in advanced life support (ALS) is a core component of health care curricula. We explored a blended solution which combines e-learning and face to face instructor training. ISRCTN86380392 Hypothesis: In participants seeking ALS training is a blended solution to training which uses e-learning and face to face training non-inferior to traditional (face to face) ALS training? Methods: We conducted an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Participants seeking ALS training at 30 centres in England, Wales, Scotland and Australia were randomised to the 2 day standard ALS course or a hybrid e-learning course with 1 day face to face training (e-ALS). The primary outcome was success rate in the end of course cardiac arrest simulation test. Secondary outcomes were overall course pass rate and performance in knowledge / skill based tests. The primary analysis was intention to treat. Results: 1033 (74%) of participants passed the cardiac arrest simulation assessment in the e-learning arm compared to 1146 (80%) in the traditional arm (adjusted odds ratio is 0.698 (95% CI is (0.559, 0.872). Within the performance criteria scores for the peri-arrest management domain the e-ALS group score was higher than c-ALS group (P &lt; 0.0001). By contrast the management of non-shockable rhythms was less than the score of the c-ALS group (P = 0.0495). There was no significant difference in the cardiac arrest management score for shockable rhythms (P= 0.13). Performance in the pre-course MCQ (taken immediately prior to the face to face course) was marginally better in the e-ALS group (mean (SE) % score 92.44 (6.58) vs 88.27 (6.76), P&lt;001). There was no significant difference in the end of course multiple choice knowledge or skill tests. After remedial teaching the final overall course pass rate was 94% in the e-ALS arm had passed and 96% in the conventional arm (P=0.0018). Participants' preferences marginally favoured traditional training. Conclusion: A blended approach to ALS training which includes e-learning reduced the duration of face to face training by half at the costs of one additional participant failing to successfully complete the course per 50 course participants.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Management of Brain Metastases
Authors: Mark A Rockoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A fifty-year-old man with a history of locally advanced non-smal-cell lung cancer presents with moderately severe headaches and mils numbness of the right arm. He is functionnaly independent and has no coexisting medical conditions. His neurologic examination is normal except for some diminished sensation in the right arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain reveals a single lesion, 2,5 cm in diameter, in the left parietal region, with a moderate amount of edema. Aditional testing shows no evidence of extracranial disease. He is treated with dexamethasone, with rapid improvement oh his symptoms. His physicians recommend whole-brain radiation therapy followed by stereotactic radiosurgery.
Self-injury Is the Eighth Leading Cause of Death in the United States
Authors: Ian R. H. Rockett, Eric D. Caine
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Depression in the medically ill: an overview
Authors: Gary Rodin, Karen Voshart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Depressive symptoms and syndromes are common in the medically ill, although they are frequently unrecognized and untreated. The authors review the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, clinical presentations, and response to treatment of this clinical problem. They address such methodological issues in the current literature in this area as the advantages and limitations of standardized assessment measures and discuss treatment modalities for depression in the medically ill, including antidepressant medication and ECT. This clinical problem warrants attention for a variety of reasons: its prevalence, associated morbidity, and treatability. Elucidation of the mechanisms of depression in the medically ill may also contribute to a broader understanding of depression in other populations.
Abstract P321: Healthy Eating Predicts Lower Risk of Major Noncommunicable Diseases in Chinese Adults
Authors: Danxia Yu, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yong-Bing Xiang, Gong Yang, Honglan Li, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng, Xianglan Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a top threat to public health and economic growth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Adopting healthy dietary patterns is one of the most important modifiable factors for NCD prevention. Objective: To examine whether higher adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese is associated with lower risk of developing major NCDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Design: A longitudinal analysis of 52,511 men and 64,784 women (40-74 y), who were participants of 2 population-based prospective cohort studies in Shanghai and free of CVD, diabetes, and cancer at baseline (1997-2002). Method: Habitual diets were assessed at baseline using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Dietary adherence score was estimated according to the 2007 Chinese Food Pagoda. Incident cases of major NCDs were identified via biennial follow-up home visits. Results: During mean follow-ups of 5.6-10.0 years, we documented self-r...
Physiotherapy for soft tissue shoulder disorders
Authors: T. Brockow, A. Franke, K. L Resch, L. Saunders, G. J M G van der Heijden, D. A W M van der Windt, A. F de Winter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Outcome of pregnancy in women with insulin dependent diabetes Centralisation of care leads to better outcomeEditor-The finding of a persistently poor outcome of pregnancy in women with insulin dependent diabetes in two (northern) English regions is an important statement of the problem. 1 2 Both studies provide figures and show outcomes that are no different from those widely reported in the past.Unfortunately, neither give evidence of any degree of centralisation of obstetric or diabetic care, with on-site neonatal intensive care, although this is a proved means of improving the outcome of pregnancy for diabetic mothers. 3 The St Vincent declaration guidelines on the outcome of pregnancy, referred to in the accompanying editorial (p 263), are based on the Scandinavian reports held up as examples of good practice and state that "an interdisciplinary team should provide centralized diabetic pregnancy care in a hospital treating at least 20-30 cases a year.Pregnant diabetic
Phase II Randomized Trial Of Radiation-Free Central Nervous System (CNS) Prophylaxis Comparing Intrathecal Triple Therapy With Liposomal Cytarabine (DepoCyte®) In Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Renato Bassan, Arianna Masciulli, Tamara Intermesoli, Ernesta Audisio, Chiara Cattaneo, Enrico Maria Pogliani, Vincenzo Cassibba, Daniele Mattei, Claudio Romani, Agostino Cortelezzi, Consuelo Corti, Anna Maria Scattolin, Orietta Spinelli, Manuela Tosi, Margherita Parolini, Filippo Marmont, Erika Borlenghi, Monica Fumagalli, Sergio Cortelazzo, Andrea Gallamini, Rosa Maria Marfisi, Elena Oldani, Roberto Marchioli, Alessandro Rambaldi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Exhibition: The Fag Show
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sarah Lucas

Sadie Coles HQ, Heddon Street, London, until 18 March

  The cigarette is a powerful modern icon. The budding Hollywood star dangles one between her lips to suggest maturity and recklessness. Tobacco ads play on the idea that the product provides a naughty pleasure, an indulgence for adults in control of their lives. Smoking, the billboards tell us, is seriously sexy.

Sarah Lucas, a prominent figure in the new wave of young British artists, used to buy into this message. In a self portrait from a few years ago, she is smoking defiantly. But last summer she gave up, going cold turkey from a daily habit of two packs. Has abstinence made her art grow stronger?

In The Fag Show, an exhibition of her recent works, we can judge for ourselves. She has spent the past year making sculptures out of her unlit Marlboro Lights, painstaking work that involved sticking the cigarettes one by one onto a variety of domestic objects with awkward shapes.

Sex still features heavily in her new pieces. The gallery floor is covered with cigarette-coated garden gnomes with phallic names, and the theme continues with a bra stuffed with cigarettes and a marrow sheathed in the things. These add to her infamous catalogue of genitalia made from the unlikeliest objects—fried eggs, kippers, kebabs, and beer cans—which parody men's squeamishness about women's bodies. The use of cigarettes in these new sculptures ties her art to Freudian theory, in which smokers are said to be yearning for a return to their oral phase of sexual development. This is most obvious in “Oral Gratification”—Lucas's sculpture of an office chair with breasts made of cigarette-encrusted rugby balls.

There was even something sexual for the artist in the act of constructing these monuments of tobacco: “There is this obsessive activity of me sticking all these cigarettes on the sculptures, and obsessive activity could be viewed as a form of masturbation. It is a form of sex, it does come from the same drive.”

But amid the pleasure and eroticism, there are hints of dirt and disease. Three sculptures contain domestic vacuum cleaners, tools for sucking filth from the floor, like postmortem lungs coated with tar. The inflatable life jackets covered in cigarettes are perhaps a warning from Lucas to the smokers in her audience. In a recent interview she discussed how the cigarettes in these pieces represent self destruction, and the life jackets a false hope of salvation. Smoking may have a sexual dimension in these works, but death is never far away. 

There is no beauty in this art. It is witty and clever, rich in trickery and metaphor. In the end, though, seeing her new work is like smoking itself. There's an instant delight when you get the message, but what you're left with is far from satisfying.
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone
Authors: G. Kuijpers
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—As members of the United States Food and Drug Administration's division of metabolic and endocrine drug products responsible for the review of Eli Lilly's teriparatide (PTH1-34) application, we would like to respond to Reeve's editorial on recombinant human parathyroid hormone.1 Although the administration's advisory committee concluded that the company provided sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of teriparatide in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and idiopathic and hypogonadal osteoporosis in men, the committee did voice concern about osteosarcomas that developed in rats treated with the drug.

In contrast to Reeve's assertion that rats received huge doses of teriparatide, some animals developed osteosarcomas when treated with doses that were approximately three times the expected daily human exposure—a small safety margin by conventional standards of drug development. Although several factors limit the ability to extrapolate the rat findings to humans, we did not dismiss the preclinical data as clinically irrelevant and believe that they should be factored into the drug's profile of benefits versus risks. A complete discussion of teriparatide's efficacy and safety can be found in the transcript of the July 2001 meeting of the advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration.2
Low-Density Lipoprotein, Non–High-Density Lipoprotein, and Apolipoprotein B as Targets of Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Authors: W.E. Feeman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

To the Editor:Grundy discusses the virtues of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as targets of lipid-lowering therapy. 1 However, the only valid reason to treat any lipid disorders (other than markedly lowering elevated triglycerides to prevent pancreatitis) is the prevention of atherothrombotic disease (ATD) or, if ATD is extant, then its stabilization/regression.I have published a risk factor graph utilizing the cholesterol retention fraction (CRF, or [LDLϪHDL]/LDL) on the ordinate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the abscissa. 2On this graph exists a threshold line (angiographic stabilization/regression line, or ASRL) defined by (CRF-SBP) loci (0.74, 100) and (0.49, 140) (Figure ).This graph and its threshold line were derived from my age-sex database of 908 patients who developed some form of ATD in northwest Ohio during the 1974 to 2001 timeframe.From an epidemiological viewpoint, ATD events are common above the ASRL and uncommon (rare, if cigarette smoking is excluded) below the ASRL.In an analysis of 8 published angiographic regression trials (about 2500 angiograms), I showed that any therapy that brought the patient's CRF-SBP plot below the ASRL resulted in angiographic plaque stabilization/ regression in a minimum of 75% of cases. 3One of the angiographic regression studies (POSCH, or Program in the Surgical Control of Hyperlipidemia) was not structured to control blood pressure, with the result that many POSCH CRF-SBP plots lay beyond the ASRL.Had antihypertensive therapy been given, virtually all those plots would have been brought below the ASRL, and the percentage of plaque stabilization/regression cases could have been in the nineties.