tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of long-acting anticholinergic and a combination of inhaled steroids and long-acting beta-2 agonist in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pinar Sarac, Abdullah Sayiner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Long-acting anticholinergics and inhaled steroid-long acting beta-agonist combinations are frequently prescribed in moderate COPD.We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in patients with moderate COPD.A total of 44 patients who presented to Ege University Chest Diseases out patient clinic and who were diagnosed with moderate COPD were included in the study.At the end of a two-week wash-out period,the patients were randomized to fluticasone-salmeterol combination or tiotropium.The demographic data of all the patients,frequency of exacerbations,post-bronchodilator spirometry and lung volumes,CAT(COPD Assessment Test)score,arterial blood gas analysis,BODE index and the six-minute walk distance were recorded in the third,sixth,ninth and twelfth month visits.The primary end point was defined as the rate of exacerbations.During the one-year follow-up period,the average number of exacerbations was1.2±1.7in Group1;2.2±2.1in Group 2(p = 0.070)and the number of severe exacerbations was0.6±1.0 in Group1;1.1±1.4in group 2(p=0.245).Statistically significant improvement was observed in both groups(p
The United Kingdom Children’s Cancer Study Group’s Second Germ Cell Tumor Study: Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Bleomycin Are Effective Treatment for Children With Malignant Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors, With Acceptable Toxicity
Authors: J.R. Mann, F. Raafat, K. Robinson, J. Imeson, P. Gornall, M. Sokal, E. Gray, P. McKeever, J. Hale, S. Bailey, A. Oakhill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To evaluate carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (JEB) in children with malignant extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Malignant GCTs in children aged 0 to 16 years were excised without major morbidity or otherwise biopsied. Stage I testicular and some ovarian GCTs were resected and monitored with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (“watch-and-wait” approach). Patients with recurrent stage I disease and all other patients received JEB (etoposide 120 mg/m 2 on days 1 through 3, carboplatin 600 mg/m 2 on day 2, and bleomycin 15 mg/m 2 on day 3). Courses were administered every 3 to 4 weeks until remission, and then two more courses were given. Chemotherapy toxicities were assessed using World Health Organization or Brock grading. RESULTS: Between January 1989 and December 1997, 192 patients were registered. Eight were excluded because either there was no histologic diagnosis (n = 3) or chemotherapy was given off-study (n = 5). The remaining 184 patients had germinoma (n = 20), malignant teratoma (n = 55), embryonal carcinoma (n = 1), yolk sac tumor (n = 107), or choriocarcinoma (n = 1). Forty-seven patients were treated with surgery alone, and 137 patients received JEB. The 5-year survival rate in March 1999 for all 184 patients was 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.9% to 96.3%); for the 137 JEB-treated patients, it was 90.9% (95% CI, 83.9% to 95.0%), with an event-free survival rate of 87.8% (95% CI, 81.1% to 92.4%). The median follow-up after JEB treatment was 53 months (range, 0 to 109 months); the median number of courses was five (range, three to eight). Site, stage, and AFP level had prognostic significance. Nonfatal hematologic toxicity was common, but deafness and pulmonary and renal toxicities were rare. One child died of a thoracic tumor and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and another died of acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION: Conservative surgery, a watch-and-wait approach after complete excision, and JEB for those requiring chemotherapy produced high cure rates and few serious complications.
Surgery for low grade ductal carcinoma in situ does not improve survival, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Breast surgery performed at or shortly after diagnosis of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ did not significantly change patients’ survival rate, research published in JAMA Surgery has shown.1 The survival rate among people with intermediate and high grade ductal carcinoma in situ does improve with surgery, but the research has raised concerns about overtreatment.

As the use of routine screening mammography has become more widespread the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ has increased dramatically, and it now …
Correlation between nasal symptoms and lung function parameters in preadolescent children
Authors: Dionisios Spyratos, Anastasios Tsiotsios, Diamantis Chloros, Evagelia Nena, Anna-Bettina Haidich, Lazaros Sichletidis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : Allergic rhinitis is a frequent medical condition worldwide and it also influences considerably the children9s performance at school.   Aim:  Correlation between the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire9s data and respiratory system functional parameters in children between 10 and 12 years old.   Methods:  Parents of elementary school pupils in the Municipality of Polichni, Thessaloniki,Greece were asked to fill in the ISAAC questionnaire. All students underwent spirometry, rhinomanometry, IgE and eosinophils in the peripheral blood, fraction of exhaled NO (FeNO) and skin prick tests. The control group consisted of those children with no rhinitis symptoms.   Results:  1150 children of 11 elementary schools were included in the study. 971 questionnaires were completed (participation rate: 84.4%). One hundred forty four students had at least one positive answer regarding rhinitis (14,8%). Of those, 20.8% presented with elevated IgE levels, 25.4% had increased blood eosinophils, 20.8% had high FeNO (>20ppb) and 45.1% had at least one positive skin prick test. Body mass index was higher in the rhinitis group (21.1±3.3 vs 20.1±1.8 kg/m 2 , p=0.019), while the spirometric and rhinomanometric data did not differ between the rhinitis and the control group. IAAC questionnaire9s score was positively correlated with IgE concentation (p=0.002), eosinophils (p=0.037) and the number of positive skin prick tests (p   Conclusion:  Our study showed significant positive correlation between the ISAAC questionnaire9s data and allergic parameters. Therefore the ISAAC questionnaire is strongly recommended as a useful tool in primary pediatric care practice.
T-cell lymphomas: immunologic, histologic, clinical, and therapeutic analysis of 63 cases.
Authors: B Coiffier, F Berger, P A Bryon, J P Magaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Sixty-three patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL) were analyzed to correlate morphological and immunological features with clinical presentation, response to therapy, and survival. Clinical presentation was severe, with 59% of patients having stage IV disease, 60% B symptoms, 35% poor performance status, 44% large tumoral mass, and 40% a high number of extranodal localizations. Morphological subtypes were small-cell in four cases, diffuse-mixed in 29 cases, monomorphic medium-sized in two cases, immunoblastic in 21 cases, anaplastic large-cell in four cases, and unclassified in three cases. Immunological phenotypes were immature T in 11 cases, CD4 in 26 cases, CD8 in 13 cases, and undefined (CD4 + CD8) in ten cases. Response to therapy was poor except for the 39 patients treated by an intensive and sequential regimen (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [LNH]-80 or LNH-84) that gave a 77% complete remission (CR) rate with a 23% relapse rate. Median survival was 35 months. No correlation was found between morphological subtypes and other variables. Helper (CD4) phenotype seemed to have a better prognosis than other phenotypes. Variables associated with long survival for all the patients were localized disease and absence of large tumoral mass and for the subgroup of patients treated by the LNH regimens CD4 phenotype, absence of B symptoms, absence of a large tumoral mass, and less than two extranodal sites of disease.
Please redress the balance of millennium development goals
Authors: Ian Magrath, John Seffrin, David Hill, Werner Burkart, Rajendra A Badwe, Twalib Ngoma
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The landmark millennium development goals provide a road map for reducing the disease, poverty, and hunger faced by millions worldwide. Unfortunately, the progress they have instigated is at risk of being undermined by new threats.1

Cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) currently claim more than 35 million lives each year, accounting for 60% of all deaths worldwide. When measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs), they also account for nearly …
Quantitative Genetics of Body Composition and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) Measures of Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Function
Authors: Bradford Towne, Nikki L. Rogers, Ellen W. Demerath, Stefan A. Czerwinski, Shumei S. Guo, Wm. Cameron Chumlea, Roger M. Siervogel
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P12 Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance often co-occur with overweight. Measures of insulin and glucose metabolism, and of adiposity, also have significant heritable components, and studies suggest that there are pleiotropic effects of genes on measures of adiposity and fasting insulin and glucose levels. Because clinical tests of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance are time consuming and expensive, however, the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA; Matthews et al., 1985) has been used as a surrogate for direct measures of insulin and glucose metabolism in population-based epidemiological studies. The computerized HOMA (Levy et al., 1998) yields indices of insulin sensitivity (%S) and beta-cell function (%B) based on fasting insulin and glucose values, and has been validated against clinical measures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of %S and %B in elucidating the genetic architecture of insulin and glucose metabolism and body composition. Maximum likelihood methods were used to analyze familial data from 645 adults aged 18-70 years from 124 kindreds participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Heritability estimates were 0.30 for both %S and fasting insulin, 0.17 for %B, 0.16 for fasting glucose, and 0.50 for BMI. The genetic correlations were -0.61 between %S and BMI, 0.62 between fasting insulin and BMI, 0.35 between %B and BMI, and 0.44 between fasting glucose and BMI. Although different in sign, the genetic correlations between %S and BMI, and fasting insulin and BMI, are essentially identical in magnitude. This is explained by the complete (i.e., 1.0) genetic correlation between %S and fasting insulin. That is, %S and fasting insulin are influenced by the same set of genes. The genetic correlations between %B and fasting insulin, and between %B and fasting glucose, however, are less than 1.0, indicating that %B is not completely regulated by the same set of genes that regulate either fasting insulin or glucose. Thus, %B may be a useful adjunct parameterization of insulin and glucose homeostasis in genetic epidemiological studies of insulin and glucose metabolism and body composition.
Genomic Alterations in Patients Showing Multiple Primary Tumors and Family History of Cancer
Authors: L. Matos Do Canto, T. Ramos Basso, R.A. Rios Villacis, J. Giacomazzi, P. Ashton-Prolla, M.I. Waddington Achatz, S.R. Rogatto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Investigating the long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 as a prognostic tissue and urine biomarker in prostate cancer.
Authors: Felix Yi-Chung Feng, Shuang Zhao, John Prensner, Nicholas Erho, Matthew J Schipper, Yang Shi, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Javed Siddiqui, Elai Davicioni, Robert Benjamin Den, Adam Dicker, R. Jeffrey Karnes, John Thomas Wei, Eric A. Klein, Robert B. Jenkins, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Rohit Mehra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

7 Background: Improved prognostic biomarkers are needed for localized prostate cancer. We undertook an unbiased large-scale analysis of genes associated with metastatic progression and validated the prognostic ability of the top candidate gene. Methods: Prostate cancer samples from prostatectomy patients were analyzed for gene expression using a clinical-grade, high-density Affymetrix GeneChip platform, encompassing &gt;1 million genomic loci and assessed in a CLIA-certified laboratory. Nomination of prognostic candidate genes was performed on a discovery cohort (n=545) and validated on 3 independent cohorts (n=463). Multivariate analyses were performed for the primary endpoint of metastasis. The top prostate-specific gene was further evaluated in 208 additional tumor samples with a novel RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH) assay and in urine samples from 230 patients using PCR. Results: Of all known genes, the long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 ranked first for elevated expression in patients with metastatic progression by receiver-operator-curve analyses. Validation in three independent cohorts confirmed the prognostic value of SChLAP1. On multivariate modeling, SChLAP1 expression independently predicted metastasis within 10 years (odds ratio (OR) = 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70 – 3.53), death within 10 years (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.31 – 2.85), and biochemical recurrence within 5 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.28 – 2.41) with ORs comparable to Gleason score. Evaluation of SChLAP1 expression by RNA ISH confirmed a significant association with disease recurrence (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.06 – 3.73). Evaluation of urine SChLAP1 levels demonstrated increased expression in patients at higher risk for disease progression. Conclusions: We perform the largest high-throughput, unbiased study of prostate cancer prognostic biomarkers to date and discover SChLAP1 as a top gene predictive of metastatic progression. We validate SChLAP1 extensively with a clinical-grade assay. We show feasibility of a RNA ISH assay and a non-invasive urine test for SChLAP1. Our results, spanning 1,446 patients from 6 independent patient cohorts, suggest that SChLAP1 represents a very promising biomarker for aggressive clinical course.
Diverse activation and differentiation of multiple B-cell subsets in patients with atopic dermatitis but not in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Tali Czarnowicki, Juana Gonzalez, Kathleen M. Bonifacio, Avner Shemer, Peng Xiangyu, Norma Kunjravia, Dana Malajian, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Hitokazu Esaki, Shinji Noda, Yeriel Estrada, Hui Xu, Xiuzhong Zheng, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans
Authors: C R Marmar, D S Weiss, W E Schlenger, J A Fairbank, B K Jordan, R A Kulka, R L Hough
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a proposed measure of peritraumatic dissociation and, as part of that effort, to determine the relationship between dissociative experiences during disturbing combat trauma and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).A total of 251 male Vietnam theater veterans from the Clinical Examination Component of the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study were examined to determine the relationship of war zone stress exposure, retrospective reports of dissociation during the most disturbing combat trauma events, and general dissociative tendencies with PTSD case determination.The total score on the Peritraumatic Dissociation Experiences Questionnaire--Rater Version was strongly associated with level of posttraumatic stress symptoms, level of stress exposure, and general dissociative tendencies and weakly associated with general psychopathology scales from the MMPI-2. Logistic regression analyses supported the incremental value of dissociation during trauma, over and above the contributions of level of war zone stress exposure and general dissociative tendencies, in accounting for PTSD case determination.These results provide support for the reliability and validity of the Peritraumatic Dissociation Experiences Questionnaire--Rater Version and for a trauma-dissociation linkage hypothesis: the greater the dissociation during traumatic stress exposure, the greater the likelihood of meeting criteria for current PTSD.
Abstract 1647: Can Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony as evaluated by Phase Analysis on Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT predict Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy?
Authors: Maureen M Henneman, Ji Chen, Petra Dibbets-Schneider, Marcel P Stokkel, Gabe B Bleeker, Claudia Ypenburg, Ernst E van der Wall, Martin J Schalij, Ernest V Garcia, Jeroen J Bax
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Purpose: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is now a well established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure. However, not all patients respond to CRT, and therefore preimplantation identification of responders is desirable. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the degree of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony as assessed with phase analysis from gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (GMPS), can predict which patients will respond to CRT. Methods: Forty-two patients with severe heart failure, depressed LV ejection fraction and wide QRS complex, were prospectively included for implantation of a CRT device and underwent GMPS and 2D echocardiography as part of clinical protocol. Clinical status was evaluated using New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, 6-minute walk test and quality-of-life score. The histogram bandwidth and phase standard deviation (SD) (parameters indicating LV dyssynchrony) were assessed from GMPS, and clinical status and echocardiographic variables were re-assessed at 6 months follow-up. Results: Responders (71%) and non-responders (29%) had comparable baseline characteristics, except for histogram bandwidth (175±63° vs 117±51°, P &lt;0.01) and phase SD (56.3±19.9° vs 37.1±14.4°, P &lt;0.01) which were significantly larger in responders as compared to non-responders. Moreover, receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal cutoff value of 135° for histogram bandwidth (sensitivity and specificity of 70%) and of 43° for phase SD (sensitivity and specificity of 74%) for the prediction of response to CRT. Conclusion: Response to CRT is related to the presence of LV dyssynchrony assessed by phase analysis with GMPS. A cutoff value of 135° for histogram bandwidth and of 43° for phase SD could be used to predict response to CRT. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm the present findings.
Segregation of Gold Particles in Gray Bodies of Myeloblasts Infected With BAI Strain A Avian Tumor Virus: Preliminary Report&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ursula Heine, Caroline Becker, R. A. Bonar, J. W. Beard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Myeloblasts of avian myeloblastosis treated with colloidal gold solution developed numerous cytoplasmic, electron-dense gray bodies and ingested gold and extracellular virus particles in microvesicles. Both kinds of particles were transferred to the gray bodies. The gray bodies and associated vesicles and vacuoles resembled elements of lysosomal systems occurring in other cells. The findings explained the presence of virus in gray bodies alternative to the previous interpretation of virus synthesis in the bodies.
Insufficient Effectiveness of 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists Due to Oral Morphine Administration in Patients With Cisplatin-Induced Emesis
Authors: Akira Shoji, Mariko Toda, Kaneo Suzuki, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kenichi Takahashi, Yasuhiro Yoshiike, Takashi Ogura, Yuji Watanuki, Harumi Nishiyama, Shigeki Odagiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To compare the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5HT(3)) receptor antagonists in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy including cisplatin (CDDP), with or without sustained-release oral morphine (MS Contin; Shionogi Co, Osaka, Japan).We retrospectively studied 58 lung cancer patients given chemotherapy including at least 50 mg/m(2) CDDP with 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists between January 1996 and December 1997. Number of vomiting episodes, average proportions of hospital-supplied meals consumed (0 to 100%, as an index of appetite), and nausea severity scores (0 to 2 points, subjective patient judgment) were compared between oral morphine-administered (+) and morphine-free (-) groups.Sixteen morphine(+) and 42 morphine(-) cases were used. In cases of acute emesis (within 24 hours after CDDP injection), morphine(+) and morphine(-) groups were significantly different in number of vomiting episodes (1.25 and 0.14, respectively; P <.0001), appetite (58.13% and 90.24%; P <.0001), and nausea severity scores (1.63 and 0.62; P <.0001). In delayed-emesis cases (24 to 120 hours after CDDP), these groups differed significantly in number of vomiting episodes (1.94 and 0.43, respectively; P =.0001), appetite (23.13% and 52.08%; P <.0001), and nausea severity (1.38 and 0.91; P =.009). There were no significant differences in sex, age, anticancer drugs concurrent with CDDP, CDDP dose, corticosteroid administration, clinical stage, or type of 5-HT(3) antagonist.These data suggest that morphine can markedly reduce the effectiveness of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists in patients receiving chemotherapy that includes CDDP. These results require confirmation by reinvestigation of clinical data on the efficacy of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists and by extensive prospective analyses.
Inhibition of TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production in primary human pulmonary fibroblasts by rapamycin
Authors: Yu Gao, Hua-Ping Dai, Xue-Feng Xu, Ke Ding
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Fibroblasts proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation play a key role in the development and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Rapamycin has been showed to decrease extracellular matrix in normal mesangial cells and human lung fibroblasts. This study is to examine the role of rapamycin on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced lung fibrosis and to determine the related mTOR signaling pathways in primary human pulmonary fibroblasts.Primary human pulmonary fibroblasts were isolated from healthy lung transplantation donor. Growth arrested, synchronized cells were treated with TGF-β1 (10ng/ml) and various concentrations rapamycin (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10ng/ml) for 24h. mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1 and p-S6K1 were assessed by Western blot analysis, type III collagen and fibronectin secreting detected by Elisa assay, type III collagen and fibronectin mRNA level determined by Realtime-PCR assay. TGF-β1 (10ng/mL) increased type III collagen, fibronectin secretion and mRNA level obviously compared to controls (p