tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Therapy in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Veikko A Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Administration of exogenous insulin can ameliorate metabolic abnormalities in type II diabetes: It compensates for reduced endogenous insulin secretion, reduces excessive hepatic glucose production, and stimulates glucose uptake, enhancing both glucose oxidation and storage in the muscle tissue. In addition, insulin therapy has anti-atherogenic effects on serum lipid profile. The main concerns of insulin therapy are weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, and possibly sodium and fluid retention. Although studies in vitro and in experimental animals suggest that hyperinsulinemia may accelerate atherosclerosis, these data are not substantiated in patients with type II diabetes. Insulin therapy in type II diabetes patients can be used either temporarily when insulin requirements are increased (e.g., surgery, infection, pregnancy), or in the long-term when endogenous insulin secretion is vanishing or hyperglycemia does not respond to other therapy. Whether insulin should be used as a primary therapy in addition to diet and exercise in some patients has not been examined. The decision regarding the beginning of insulin therapy and targets should be established individually, taking into account factors such as age, other diseases, or life expectancy. Various regimens can be used, including evening insulin alone or in combination with oral agents, multiple injections, use of premixed insulins (shortplus intermediate-acting insulin in various combinations). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion also has been used. Comparative data between the regimens are scant, but a few studies suggest that no major differences occur between the regimens, with regard to glycemic control or hypoglycemic complications. In the future, insulin therapy in type II diabetes may become more common, particularly among patients with the autoimmune type of the disease.
Controlled trial of rifampicin and ethambutol in Crohn's disease.
Authors: J L Shaffer, S Hughes, B D Linaker, R D Baker, L A Turnberg
Journal: Gut (1984)

We pursued the possibility that Mycobacterium kansasii might be an aetiological agent in Crohn9s disease by carrying out a trial of treatment with antimycobacterial drugs. Twenty seven patients with Crohn9s disease took part in a two year randomised double blind, crossover, controlled trial of rifampicin plus ethambutol against placebo. Fourteen patients completed the trial; four required an operation; five were withdrawn as poor compliers, and four because of adverse effects. There was no significant difference in response to the active drugs compared with placebo when expressed in terms of a Crohn9s disease activity index or any clinical indicator of disease activity. There was no suggestion that any subgroup of patients - for example, different regions of bowel affected or previous operation - were favourably affected by the drugs. There was no consistent pattern of change in prednisolone requirements although eight patients on long term sulphasalazine had a significant reduction in their plasma sulphapyridine concentrations during the active treatment period. A significant reduction in total white blood count and an increase in plasma ALT were seen during active therapy. The results of the study do not suggest that rifampicin and ethambutol have a role to play in the treatment of Crohn9s disease.
Spotted and rippled reticulate hypermelanosis: a possible variant of Dowling?Degos disease
Authors: N. Oiso, D. Tsuruta, T. Ota, H. Kobayashi, A. Kawada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pigmentation disorders derive from melanoblast migration, biogenesis of melanosomes, and secretion of melanosomes into keratinocytes.1 Reticulate hyperpigmentary disorders have been classified into dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) of Toyama (MIM 127400), dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) (MIM 127500), Dowling–Degos disease (DDD) (MIM 179850) and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAK). We encountered a 3‐year‐old girl showing asymptomatic and asymmetrical, spotted and rippled reticulate hypermelanosis without hypomelanosis. Here, we discuss the similarities to and differences from previously defined disorders. A 3‐year‐old Japanese girl presented with spotted and rippled reticulate hypermelanosis without hypopigmented spots. The pigmentation showed an asymmetrical distribution. The pigmentation gradually developed from the age of 1 year. Rippled reticulate hypermelanosis was observed around the left axilla, and faint hypermelanosis around the right axilla. Spotted and rippled reticulate hypermelanosis was present on the flexures of the extremities, especially on the right thigh (Fig. 1a). Spotted reticulate hypermelanosis was present on the dorsa of the hands and feet (Fig. 1b). The dorsum of the left foot showed more pronounced hypermelanosis (Fig. 1b). V‐neck‐shaped asymmetrical hyperpigmentation was observed. The patient had normal palms and soles, and no other cutaneous abnormalities. Her relatives did not have reticulate hyperpigmentation. Skin biopsies were taken from sun‐protected areas of the upper back: a hyperpigmented lesion on the left side and a normal skin‐coloured lesion on the right side. Histopathology of both biopsy specimens showed the same features. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed no papillary downgrowth of the epidermis. Fontana–Masson staining indicated asymmetrical distribution of melanin granules and persistence of melanin granules through the epidermis (Fig. 2a). Electron microscopy showed a small number of stage II melanosomes, about 45% of melanosomes being stage III, and the remainder stage IV (Fig. 2b).
Exercise Capacity and Mortality among Men Referred for Exercise Testing
Authors: Jonathan Myers, Manish Prakash, Victor Froelicher, Dat Do, Sara Partington, J. Edwin Atwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Exercise capacity is known to be an important prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular disease, but it is uncertain whether it predicts mortality equally well among healthy persons. There is also uncertainty regarding the predictive power of exercise capacity relative to other clinical and exercise-test variables.We studied a total of 6213 consecutive men referred for treadmill exercise testing for clinical reasons during a mean (+/-SD) of 6.2+/-3.7 years of follow-up. Subjects were classified into two groups: 3679 had an abnormal exercise-test result or a history of cardiovascular disease, or both, and 2534 had a normal exercise-test result and no history of cardiovascular disease. Overall mortality was the end point.There were a total of 1256 deaths during the follow-up period, resulting in an average annual mortality of 2.6 percent. Men who died were older than those who survived and had a lower maximal heart rate, lower maximal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower exercise capacity. After adjustment for age, the peak exercise capacity measured in metabolic equivalents (MET) was the strongest predictor of the risk of death among both normal subjects and those with cardiovascular disease. Absolute peak exercise capacity was a stronger predictor of the risk of death than the percentage of the age-predicted value achieved, and there was no interaction between the use or nonuse of beta-blockade and the predictive power of exercise capacity. Each 1-MET increase in exercise capacity conferred a 12 percent improvement in survival.Exercise capacity is a more powerful predictor of mortality among men than other established risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Boehringer promoted off-label drug to patients, finds watchdog
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A watchdog has ruled that the drug company Boehringer Ingelheim breached five clauses of the UK drug industry’s code of practice when it promoted the anticoagulant dabigatran (which it markets as Pradaxa) outside its licensed indications to members of the public.

The company brought discredit on and reduced confidence in the drug industry, failed to maintain high standards, advertised a prescription only drug to the public, and encouraged members of the public to ask their doctor to prescribe the drug, said the Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority in its ruling, which was made in July but published in November. The …
The heart rate recovery may be influenced by the ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Beatriz M. Ferreira, Paulo J. Moffa, Andréa Falcão, Augusto Uchida, Paulo Camargo, Pascual Pereyra, Paulo Soares, Whady Hueb, JoséA. Ramires
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Report calls for National Commissioning Board to have strategic commissioning role
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Health and Social Care Bill should be amended to give the National Commissioning Board statutory responsibility for strategic commissioning, argues a new report for the King’s Fund.

The report says there is a need for strong strategic commissioning to reconfigure services such as cancer, cardiac, stroke, and renal services across large geographical areas. The report says GP led consortiums are unlikely to fill the gap once strategic health authorities are abolished and that the new National Commissioning Board should be given the statutory powers and the capability to perform this role effectively.

Keith Palmer, former chair of Barts and the London NHS trust and a senior associate at the Nuffield Trust, carried out a detailed analysis of the reconfiguration of acute hospital services in southeast London and highlights the lessons …
Bullous Disease of the Lung
Authors: SPENCER FOREMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Thirteen patients with enlarging symptomatic bullae had pre- and postoperative clinical, radiographic, radioisotope lung scanning and physiologic evaluation. Resected bullae occupied at least one half of one hemithorax on the chest X ray. Before surgery there was generally reduction of communicating total lung capacity (TLC) with more marked reduction of the forced expiration volume for 1 sec (FEV1). Residual volume was increased. Hypoxemia was common, and hypercapnia occurred in three patients before surgery. There was usually reduction of pulmonary diffusing capacity, and lung radioscans showed absence of perfusion in the bullous zones. After surgery, good perfusion was demonstrated in the reexpanded segments of all patients except one who did not improve clinically and who had reduced counts over the underlying lung in the preoperative perfusion scan. Increase of the communicating TLC (5 out of 6) and FEV1 (9 out of 11) was associated with improved oxygenation (6 out of 7) and alveolar ventilation (in all 3 patients who had an elevated carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2)) after surgery. The usual result was marked symptomatic improvement.
Healed Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta
Authors: R. A. B. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MMDICAL JOUrRNALThere were serious complications in two patients.In one, a woman of 72, the upper oesophagus suffered a small perforation which led to mediastinitis, the patient dying shortly afterwards for reasons which were not entirely clear.In the other patient severe haemorrhage occurred.There was haemorrhage in nine patients (2.1 %), three of whom had an atrophic mucosa.Grounds for caution in performing gastric biopsy are suggested.The Australian type of biopsy instrument is reasonably safe provided there is some selection of patients and the patient is observed for some hours after its use.Our results with it so far indicate that it is useful in the diagnosis of some types of gastric lesion.Possible clinical uses to which the histological findings may be put are mentioned.
Complementary DNA cloning of the predominant allergen of bovine dander: A new member in the lipocalin family
Authors: Rauno Mäntyjärvi, Sinikka Parkkinen, Marja Rytkönen, Jaana Pentikäinen, Jukka Pelkonen, Jaakko Rautiainen, Thomas Zeiler, Tuomas Virtanen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Abstract 2821: The PKC-iota inhibitor ICA-1 overcomes chemoresistance and induces cell death in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Andrea N. McCray, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive brain cancer that is refractory to most chemotherapeutics. The standard of care for glioblastoma patients is the administration of temozolomide following surgery. However, temozolomide provides an approximately 20% enhanced survival rate. Therefore, it is imperative to develop other novel chemotherapeutics to better enhance the survival rate and induce tumor regression in patients. A potential candidate for a pre-clinical glioblastoma study is the novel chemotherapeutic, ICA-1. ICA-1 is a PKC-iota inhibitor which specifically inhibits PKC-iota and not its homologue, PKC-zeta. Results demonstrated that ICA-1 inhibited cell proliferation rates in a range of T98G glioblastoma concentrations in vitro. Also, results showed that low density T98G cultures which have a high proliferation status and high S-phase promotion concomitantly demonstrated resistance to ICA-1 treatment. However, high density T98G cultures which have a lower proliferation status and low S-phase promotion are concurrently chemosensitive toward ICA-1. At 48h post ICA-1 treatment, the majority of cells in the high density cultures were in G0/G1 with a rise of cells in this phase of the cell cycle shown by day 5 post-treatment. Conversely, between 48h and day 5, 30-44% of cells from the low density cultures were in S phase irrespective of ICA-1 therapy. Furthermore, by day 5 post-treatment, ICA-1 induced significant cell death in T98G cells only at higher ranges (i.e., 20-40 microM of ICA-1). Interestingly, 40 microM ICA-1 caused a significant cell death rate of 45% when 7,500 cells were seeded into a 24-well plate on Day 0 followed by ICA-1 exposure on the next day. Forty microM ICA-1 induced 15% cell death when 3,750 cells were seeded. There was a stepwise increase in the amount of ICA-1 required to induce cell death as the cell concentration increased (i.e., high density T98G cultures required elevated levels of ICA-1). Therefore, the data suggested that the G0/G1 phase glioblastoma cells (i.e., the higher cell concentrations) were more sensitive to 40 microM ICA-1 therapy. Whereas, the S phase glioblastoma cells were less sensitive to the ICA-1 therapy. Future animal models may show that the more aggressive the tumor becomes, the greater the potential for the effectiveness of ICA-1 (i.e., greater chemosensitivity). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2821. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2821
The Nasal Passage of Subjects with Asthma Has a Decreased Ability to Warm and Humidify Inspired Air
Authors: PARAYA ASSANASEN, FUAD M. BAROODY, EDWARD NAURECKAS, JULIAN SOLWAY, ROBERT M. NACLERIO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We previously showed that individuals with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) had a reduced ability to condition air, which was improved by inflammation. We hypothesized that individuals with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) would condition air like SAR with inflammation. Because individuals with asthma usually have inflammation in the nose, we hypothesized that they would condition air like individuals with PAR. We performed a prospective, parallel study on 15 normal subjects, 15 subjects with SAR outside their allergy season, 15 subjects with PAR, and 15 subjects with asthma. Cold, dry air (CDA) was delivered to the nose and the temperature and humidity of the air were measured before entering and after exiting the nasal cavity. The total water gradient (TWG) was calculated and represents the nasal conditioning capacity. The TWG in the SAR group was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. There were no significant differences in TWG between the PAR and normal groups. Subjects with asthma had a significantly lower TWG than did normal subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between TWG and Aas score in the group with asthma (r(s) = -0.8, p = 0.0007). Our data show that subjects with asthma have a reduced ability of the nose to condition CDA compared with normal subjects, but which is similar to SAR out of season.
Multiple loci influence erythrocyte phenotypes in the CHARGE Consortium
Authors: Santhi K Ganesh, Neil A Zakai, Frank J A van Rooij, Nicole Soranzo, Albert V Smith, Michael A Nalls, Ming-Huei Chen, Anna Kottgen, Nicole L Glazer, Abbas Dehghan, Brigitte Kuhnel, Thor Aspelund, Qiong Yang, Toshiko Tanaka, Andrew Jaffe, Joshua C M Bis, Germaine C Verwoert, Alexander Teumer, Caroline S Fox, Jack M Guralnik, Georg B Ehret, Kenneth Rice, Janine F Felix, Augusto Rendon, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Daniel Levy, Kushang V Patel, Eric Boerwinkle, Jerome I Rotter, Albert Hofman, Jennifer G Sambrook, Dena G Hernandez, Gang Zheng, Stefania Bandinelli, Andrew B Singleton, Josef Coresh, Thomas Lumley, André G Uitterlinden, Janine M vanGils, Lenore J Launer, L Adrienne Cupples, Ben A Oostra, Jaap-Jan Zwaginga, Willem H Ouwehand, Swee-Lay Thein, Christa Meisinger, Panos Deloukas, Matthias Nauck, Tim D Spector, Christian Gieger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Cornelia M van Duijn, Bruce M Psaty, Luigi Ferrucci, Aravinda Chakravarti, Andreas Greinacher, Christopher J O'Donnell, Jacqueline C M Witteman, Susan Furth, Mary Cushman, Tamara B Harris, Jing-Ping Lin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
CHORIO-EPITHELIOMA MALIGNUM VAGINALE POSTPARTUM MATURUM.ITS ETIOLOGY AND ITS RELATION TO EMBRYONAL TUMORS.
Authors: GEORG SCHMAUCH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

During the last ten years much work has been done in the etiology of malignant growths. While the representatives of pathology still cling to the cellular etiology of tumors, as it became established through the investigations of Virchow, Rokitansky and Cohnheim, clinicians have, on several occasions, proclaimed a germ as the cause of carcinoma or sarcoma. Up to the present time all these discoveries can not withstand criticism. It might appear convenient to find for every sickness and for every malignant growth a special germ, which we might destroy through the immunizing qualities of the animal body, and especially of the blood tissues. But we are still far from a solution of this problem, at least as long as the biology and physiology of the cell are covered with such a dark veil. All the growths, as we know, benign or malignant, follow a certain type, but in recent times
Value of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Suspected Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Roy A. M. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The cases of four patients included sufficient circumstantial evidence to suspect carbon monoxide poisoning as the principal etiologic agent, although the diagnosis was unconfirmed. In two other patients, CO poisoning was proven by elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. All six patients were transferred from outlying hospitals for failure to respond adequately to standard therapy and recovered completely following treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen should be used for severe cases of suspected CO poisoning, regardless of the time between exposure and presentation, especially when the delay is sufficient to preclude a diagnosis by standard laboratory methods. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2478-2480)
Social and economic factors in patients with coronary disease
Authors: H. B. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —You recently published two informative studies on social isolation and adverse cardiac events. 1,2 I wonder why Case et al 1 did not find living alone to be a risk factor for cardiac death, while Williams et al 2 did find it to be a risk factor for cardiac death. It is misleading for Case et al to continue to discuss living alone as a risk factor in cardiac death when living alone was not significant in their data ( P =.10), and Williams et al never define close confidant or tell us how they quantified their social support variable. These points aside, it would have been interesting if the editors ofTHE JOURNALhad suggested that the authors combine their two studies and report their results together. Finally, the idea of Williams et al of social support is very similar to the concept of depression. Might it
Immunohistological analysis of the synovial membrane: search for predictors of the clinical course in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M Soden, M Rooney, A Whelan, C Feighery, B Bresnihan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Immunohistological features which might predict the clinical course and outcome of rheumatoid arthritis were sought by examining multiple synovial membrane samples obtained by needle biopsy from the knee joints of 57 patients who had not received disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Clinical measurements, but not biopsies, were repeated one year and three years after starting treatment. A correlation between both the intensity of synovial lining layer thickening and mononuclear cell infiltration and the clinical status at the time of biopsy was seen. After three years of treatment the correlations were maintained in patients who had presented and persisted with milder disease but not in patients who had presented with more active disease.
Duration of ischemia is vital for collateral development: repeated brief coronary artery occlusions in conscious dogs.
Authors: M Mohri, H Tomoike, M Noma, T Inoue, K Hisano, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The effects of two types of repeated transient coronary artery occlusions on collateral development were examined in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs. A 2-minute coronary occlusion at 32-minute intervals (group 1, n = 11) or a 15-second occlusion at 4-minute intervals (group 2, n = 7) were repeated day and night without interruption. In both groups, the total duration of coronary occlusions each day was the same (90 minutes). Before and after repetitive occlusions of either group, effects of transient 2-minute coronary occlusion on regional segment shortening in the ischemic area were examined to assess the functional state of the collateral vessels. In group 1, systolic segment shortening in the area rendered ischemic was reduced to -97.8 +/- 17.7% of the preocclusive control value during 2 minutes of coronary occlusion. After 125-478 repetitive occlusions (3-11 days), the degree of hypokinesia during the 2-minute occlusion was significantly improved to -0.6 +/- 4.6% of the preocclusive value (p less than 0.001 vs. before the repetition). In group 2, it remained unchanged even after 3,500-5,450 repetitive occlusions (11-16 days): -111.8 +/- 8.2% before and -111.4 +/- 13.8% after the repetition of 15-second occlusions (NS). The ratio of peripheral coronary arterial pressure to aortic pressure during transient-coronary occlusion, measured by selective catheterization, was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (64.4 +/- 5.3% vs. 20.7 +/- 1.3%, p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that myocardial ischemia of 2 minutes but not 15 seconds is vital to provide effective stimuli for angiogenesis.
Microvessel Injury in Irradiation Damage in Salivary Glands
Authors: Ana Paola Cotrim, Corinne M. Goldsmith, Anastasia L. Sowers, James B. Mitchell, Bruce J. Baum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Treatment of most head and neck cancers includes radiotherapy. Salivary glands (SGs) located in the irradiation (IR) field are irreversibly damaged resulting in severe hyposalivation and considerable morbidity. The underlying mechanism of IR damage is still not well understood and little progress has been made in its prevention. Recent studies suggest that endothelial cells may be the primary targets of IR injury in lung and brain, as well as the primary lesion resulting in intestinal IR damage (Paris et al, Science, 2001). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protects against IR- induced endothelial cell death. Our goal was to determine the importance of SG endothelial cells in IR-induced injury and whether bFGF gene transfer would afford radioprotection to SG.