tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonintubated Surfactant Application vs Conventional Therapy in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Angela Kribs, Claudia Roll, Wolfgang Göpel, Christian Wieg, Peter Groneck, Reinhard Laux, Norbert Teig, Thomas Hoehn, Wolfgang Böhm, Lars Welzing, Matthias Vochem, Marc Hoppenz, Christoph Bührer, Katrin Mehler, Hartmut Stützer, Jeremy Franklin, Andreas Stöhr, Egbert Herting, Bernhard Roth
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) preserves surfactant and keeps the lung open but is insufficient in severe surfactant deficiency. Traditional surfactant administration is related to short periods of positive pressure ventilation and implies the risk of lung injury. CPAP with surfactant but without any positive pressure ventilation may work synergistically. This randomized trial investigated a less invasive surfactant application protocol (LISA).To test the hypothesis that LISA increases survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' gestational age in extremely preterm infants.The Nonintubated Surfactant Application trial was a multicenter, randomized, clinical, parallel-group study conducted between April 15, 2009, and March 25, 2012, in 13 level III neonatal intensive care units in Germany. The final follow-up date was June 21, 2012. Participants included 211 of 558 eligible (37.8%) spontaneously breathing preterm infants born between 23.0 and 26.8 weeks' gestational age with signs of respiratory distress syndrome. In an intention-to-treat design, infants were randomly assigned to receive surfactant either via a thin endotracheal catheter during CPAP-assisted spontaneous breathing (intervention group) or after conventional endotracheal intubation during mechanical ventilation (control group). Analysis was conducted from September 6, 2012, to June 20, 2013.LISA via a thin catheter.Survival without BPD at 36 weeks' gestational age.Of 211 infants who were randomized, 104 were randomized to the control group and 107 to the LISA group. Of the infants who received LISA, 72 (67.3%) survived without BPD compared with 61 (58.7%) of those in the control group. The reduction in absolute risk was 8.6% (95% CI, -5.0% to 21.9%; P = .20). Intervention group infants were less frequently intubated (80 infants [74.8%] vs 103 [99.0%]; P < .001) and required fewer days of mechanical ventilation. Significant reductions were seen in pneumothorax (5 of 105 intervention group infants [4.8%] vs 13 of 103 12.6%]; P = .04) and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (11 infants [10.3%] vs 23 [22.1%]; P = .02), and the combined survival without severe adverse events was increased in the intervention group (54 infants [50.5%] vs 37 [35.6%]; P = .02; absolute risk reduction, 14.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 28.2).LISA did not increase survival without BPD but was associated with increased survival without major complications. Because major complications are related to lifelong disabilities, LISA may be a promising therapy for extremely preterm infants.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN64011614.
Toxic effects of oxygen on cultured alveolar epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages
Authors: B Housset, I Hurbain, J Masliah, A Laghsal, MT Chaumette-Demaugre, H Karam, J Derenne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

Exposure to hyperoxia results in endothelial necrosis followed by type II cell proliferation. This suggests that type II cells are resistant to hyperoxia. Oxygen-induced lung injury may result from an overproduction of oxygen metabolites normally scavenged by antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH). Therefore, resistance of type II cells to hyperoxia may be linked to high antioxidant activities. To test this hypothesis we compared in vitro the effects of a 24 h exposure period to 95% O2 on cultured type II cells, lung fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages isolated from rats. We show that type II cells, when compared with other cell types, are highly sensitive to hyperoxia as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, decreased deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) and protein content of Petri dishes and decreased thymidine incorporation into DNA. Synthesis of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine was also significantly reduced. Antioxidant enzyme activities as well as glutathione content were not higher in type II cells than in other cell types. However, hyperoxia results in a decreased SOD activity and glutathione content in type II cells which was not observed in fibroblasts. We conclude that adaptative changes in SOD and glutathione metabolism could be important defence mechanisms in cells exposed to hyperoxia.
Cell Proliferation and Histologic Classification of Bronchogenic Carcinoma 2
Authors: Bo Hainau, Per Dombernowsky, Heine H. Hansen, Sven Borgeskov
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The rate of cell proliferation of 99 bronchogenic carcinomas (94 primary tumors and 5 metastases) was evaluated from the labeling index after in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine; the rate was then correlated with the histologic tumor type according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cell proliferation was significantly slower in adenocarcinoma (WHO type III) than in squamous cell carcinoma (WHO type I), small cell anaplastic carcinoma (WHO type II), and large cell carcinoma (WHO type IV). Cells proliferated at a significantly higher rate in large cell carcinoma than in the squamous cell type, whereas no significant difference was observed between the other cell types. Dedifferentiated forms of squamous cell carcinomas had a higher rate of cell proliferation than did differentiated forms of the same cell type. Metastases of small cell anaplastic carcinoma did not differ in cell proliferation from primary tumors of the same cell type.
Comparison of Lumbar and Shunt Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens for Cytologic Detection of Leptomeningeal Disease in Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors
Authors: Amar Gajjar, Maryam Fouladi, Andrew W. Walter, Stephen J. Thompson, David A. Reardon, Thomas E. Merchant, Jesse J. Jenkins, Aiyi Liu, James M. Boyett, Larry E. Kun, Richard L. Heideman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) significantly affects the prognosis and treatment of pediatric patients with primary CNS tumors. Cytologic examination of lumbar CSF is routinely used to detect LMD. To determine whether examination of CSF obtained from ventricular shunt taps is a more sensitive method of detecting LMD in these patients, we designed a prospective study to compare the findings of cytologic examinations of CSF obtained from concurrent lumbar and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt taps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: As a part of diagnostic staging, follow-up testing, or both, 52 consecutive patients underwent concurrent lumbar and shunt taps on 90 separate occasions, ranging from the time of diagnosis to treatment follow-up. CSF from both sites was examined cytologically for malignant cells. RESULTS: The median age of the 28 males and 24 females was 7.5 years (range, 0.6 to 21.4 years). The primary CNS tumors included medulloblastoma (n = 29), astrocytoma (n = 10), ependymoma (n = 5), germinoma (n = 3), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (n = 2), choroid plexus carcinoma (n = 2), and pineoblastoma (n = 1). Each site yielded a median CSF volume of 1.0 mL. Fourteen of 90 paired CSF test results were discordant: in 12, the cytologic findings from shunt CSF were negative for malignant cells, but those from lumbar CSF were positive; in two, the reverse was true. Malignant cells were detected at a higher rate in lumbar CSF than in shunt CSF (P = .0018). When repeat analyses were excluded, examination of lumbar CSF remained significantly more sensitive in detecting malignant cells (P = .011). Analysis of the subset of patients with embryonal tumors showed similar results (P = .0008). CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination of lumbar CSF is clearly superior to cytologic examination of VP shunt CSF for detecting leptomeningeal metastases in pediatric patients with primary CNS tumors.
Risk Factors for Near-fatal Asthma
Authors: MARK O. TURNER, KUKU NOERTJOJO, SVERRE VEDAL, TONY BAI, SUSAN CRUMP, J. MARK FITZGERALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We prospectively recruited patients admitted to the hospital with severe asthma to comprehensively evaluate the association of historical and physiologic features with the risk of near-fatal asthma (NFA). A case-control study design was used. All patients admitted with NFA (cases) were identified prospectively and compared with asthma patients admitted during the same period without respiratory failure (controls). Nineteen cases (age: 40.2 +/- 12.0 yr) (mean +/- SD) and 80 controls (age: 36 +/- 13.5 yr) were enrolled. Duration of asthma, gender, smoking status, ethnicity, and prevalence of atopy were similar in the case and control groups. More than 80% of patients in both groups reported worsening symptoms for more than 48 h before admission, and more than 50% were worse for longer than 7 d. There was no difference in degree of airways obstruction or bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PC20). Perception of dyspnea was similar in the cases and controls, but among cases the males had greater impairment than the females (Borg score: 1.9 +/- 1. 4 versus 3.9 +/- 1.2: p = 0.05). Univariate analysis identified a history of previous mechanical ventilation (OR: 27.5; 95% CI: 6.60 to 113.7), admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (OR: 9.9; 95% CI: 3.0 to 32.9), history of worse asthma during January and February (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 11.8), and use of air-conditioning (OR: 15.0; 95% CI: 1.3 to 166) as risk factors for NFA. Of concern was the dependence of most patients (59.8%) on the emergency department (ED) for initial care, and the small number of cases (16%) in which patients visited a physician before admission to the hospital. We have confirmed risk factors identified previously in retrospective studies of fatal and NFA, and have also shown that hospitalized patients with asthma, irrespective of severity of their asthma, share several characteristics, especially in terms of their failure to respond to worsening asthma.
Effects of corticosteroid and montelukast treatment on distal lung parenchyma and airway walls in inflammation in guinea pigs with chronic allergic inflammation
Authors: Nathália B. Gobbato, Flávia C.R. Souza, Carla Máximo Prado, Mílton Arruda Martins, Iolanda Calvo Tibério, Edna A. Leick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  The effects of montelukast or dexamethasone in asthma pathophysiology are barely understood.   Aims and methods:  We evaluated the inflammation in distal lung parenchyma and airway walls in guinea pigs (GP) with chronic allergic inflammation. GP were inhaled with ovalbumin (OVA group-2x/week/4weeks). After 4th inhalation, GP were treated with montelukast (M group-10mg/kg/PO/day) or dexamethasone (D group-5mg/kg/IP/day). After 72 hrs of 7th inhalation, GP were anesthetised, lung strips were submitted to histopathological evaluation.   Results:  On distal parenchyma both montelukast and dexamethasone were effective in reducing RANTES and NF-kB positive cells compared to OVA group (p   Conclusions:  In this animal model, both corticosteroid and montelukast treatments contribute to the control of the inflammatory response in distal lung parenchyma and airway walls. Dexamethasone treatment induced a greater reduction of NF-kB expression in airway walls which suggests one of the mechanisms that explains the higher efficacy of this therapeutic approach.  Supported by: FAPESP, CNPq, LIM-20-HC-FMUSP.
Moral Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Daniel Garros, Wendy Austin, Franco A. Carnevale
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Drug Delivery: Biofabricated Nanoparticle Coating for Liver-Cell Targeting (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 13/2015)
Authors: Cheng Zhang, Xue Qu, Jinyang Li, Hua Hong, Jianbo Li, Jie Ren, Gregory F. Payne, Changsheng Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Biology often uses non-covalent interactions to create responsive structures and confer complex functions (e.g., molecular recognition). On page 1972, X. Qu, C. Liu, and co-workers report how, using biology as a source of materials and inspiration, a responsive lectin (protein)-polysaccharide nanoparticle coating is self-assembled with terminal galactomannan residues to confer liver-cell targeting functions.
Enhancement of Platelet Recovery After Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy by Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Russell L. Basser, Craig Underhill, Ian Davis, Michael D. Green, Jonathan Cebon, John Zalcberg, Jamie MacMillan, Brian Cohen, Jennifer Marty, Richard M. Fox, C. Glenn Begley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To explore the influence of dose and schedule on the ability of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) to abrogate thrombocytopenia after multiple cycles of chemotherapy and to mobilize peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPC).In this open-label study, 68 patients with advanced cancer were randomized to receive PEG-rHuMGDF subcutaneously at different doses and durations before administration of carboplatin 600 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide 1,200 mg/m(2), and filgrastim 5 microgram/kg/d. PEG-rHuMGDF was not given after the first cycle of chemotherapy but was given after the second and subsequent cycles. Chemotherapy was given every 28 days for up to six cycles.In patients who received the same dose of chemotherapy for at least two cycles, the platelet nadir was significantly higher (47.5 x 10(9)/L v 35.5 x 10(9)/L; P =.003) and duration of grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia significantly shorter (0 v 3 days; P =.004) when PEG-rHuMGDF was administered after chemotherapy. There was no evidence of an effect of PEG-rHuMGDF when it was given before chemotherapy. Platelet recovery after the first cycle of chemotherapy was no different for different PEG-rHuMGDF regimens, and there was no difference between patients treated with PEG-rHuMGDF and historical controls treated with identical chemotherapy. There was a modest dose-related increase in progenitor cell levels after administration of PEG-rHuMGDF alone. Peak levels of PBPC occurred later in cycle 2 than in cycle 1 but were not different in magnitude.PEG-rHuMGDF abrogated severe thrombocytopenia after dose-intensive chemotherapy. However, it had only a modest effect on progenitor cell levels and did not enhance progenitor cell mobilization after chemotherapy and filgrastim.
Randomized comparison of etoposide-cisplatin vs. etoposide-carboplatin and irradiation in small-cell lung cancer
Authors: D.V. Skarlos, E. Samantas, P. Kosmidis, G. Fountzilas, M. Angelidou, P.h. Palamidas, N. Mylonakis, A. Provata, E. Papadakis, G. Klouvas, D. Theocharis, E. Panousaki, E. Boleti, G. Sphakianoudis, N. Pavlidis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients With Cancer: Addressing a Neglected Population
Authors: Harrys A. Torres, Parag Mahale, Boris Blechacz, Ethan Miller, Ahmed Kaseb, H. Franklin Herlong, Nathan Fowler, Ying Jiang, Issam I. Raad, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a neglected disease in patients with cancer. Therefore, this study examined the impact of HCV infections in these patients. Methods: The records of HCV-infected patients with cancer seen at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (2008–2011) were reviewed. The outcomes of those who underwent HCV treatment were analyzed. Results: Of 1291 patients who had positive test results for an antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), 744 (58%) were tested for HCV-RNA; 642 (86%) of which had chronic HCV infections. Most had solid tumors (72%) and genotype-1 (G-1) infections (66%). HCV therapy was administered in 348 patients (98 of them after cancer diagnosis). Sustained virologic response (SVR) occurred in 27 (35%) of the 78 patients treated for whom outcome data were available. Compared with patients who experienced an SVR, more patients who did not were black (29% vs 4%; P=.007), had G-1 infections (72% vs 6%; P<.0001), and had higher baseline aspartate aminotransferase (78 vs 47 IU/L; P=.006) and alanine aminotransferase levels (71.1 vs 43.3 IU/L; P=.009). Overall, progression to cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; P=.03) and portal hypertension (HR, 0.19; P=.009) was less common in those treated, irrespective of the treatment outcome (SVR or non-SVR). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed as a second primary malignancy in 7% of patients with non-HCC cancer. Conclusions: This is the largest series to analyze HCV infections in patients with cancer. HCV therapy is feasible and prevents liver disease progression in this forgotten population. A treatment algorithm is provided.
Blood test for Down's syndrome is safe and effective, say researchers
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

UK researchers are calling for non-invasive prenatal testing for Down’s syndrome to be introduced widely in the NHS on the basis of new study findings.

The results of an analysis carried out at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London—whose laboratory is the first in the NHS to provide such testing—showed that it was safe, effective, and welcomed by parents, the researchers said.

Non-invasive testing checks maternal blood for fetal DNA indicative of Down’s syndrome and avoids the need for amniocentesis in most women.

Lyn Chitty, the lead researcher and professor of genetics and fetal medicine at Great Ormond Street, said that making the “more accurate” new test available on the NHS would reduce the amount of invasive testing, reduce numbers of miscarriages, and detect more cases of Down’s …
Development of an organotypic peritoneal 3D culture to study peritoneal attachment of ovarian cancer cells.
Authors: Hilary A. Kenny, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5152  Objectives: The principal mechanism of ovarian cancer metastasis is peritoneal dissemination, but there is a paucity of models to study this vital step in the metastatic process. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a 3-dimensional model of the peritoneum to investigate the contribution of peritoneal stromal cells and stromal components (e.g. collagen) on ovarian cancer cell attachment. Methods: Short term cultures of primary human peritoneal mesothelial and fibroblast cell lines were established from patients undergoing benign gynecologic surgery, and characterized using cell type specific markers. For the 3D peritoneal model, collagen and primary peritoneal fibroblasts were mixed and after solidification, a confluent layer of mesothelial cells was added. The ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3ip.1 and Hey A8, and a normal surface epithelial cell line (IOSE 29), were fluorescently-labeled and attachment measured using a fluorescent plate reader. The numbers of cells attaching to the various components of the 3D model were compared and visualized by microscopy. This approach was validated by comparing the results to attachment of cells to full thickness human peritoneum. Gelatin zymography was used to assess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) secretion. Results: SKOV3ip.1, Hey A8 and IOSE 29 cells attached to the 3D peritoneal model in a biphasic pattern with initial attachment occurring within 2h (23±3%, 19±4%, 12±3%) and a second wave of attachment occurring within 18h (77±9%, 71±7%, 67±8%). SKOV3ip.1 and Hey A8 cells attached to vitronectin, fibronectin, collagen I, matrigel, and poly-lysine (44±11%, 81±8%) 3-fold greater than laminin (9±2%, 7±1%, p
Outcomes of primary refractory multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies
Authors: Neil Majithia, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Martha Q. Lacy, Francis K. Buadi, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie A. Gertz, Suzanne R. Hayman, David Dingli, Prashant Kapoor, Lisa Hwa, John A. Lust, Stephen J. Russell, Ronald S. Go, Robert A. Kyle, Shaji K. Kumar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Over the past decade, use of novel agents, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has resulted in high response rates and improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with multiple myeloma (MM); however, the prognostic significance of refractoriness to these agents when used as initial therapy has not been extensively studied. We reviewed the outcomes of 816 consecutive patients treated for MM at our institution since 2006 to evaluate the survival difference between those achieving at least a partial response (PR) to induction therapy and those who were primary refractory. The median OS from start of therapy was significantly shorter for the primary refractory group at 3.6 vs. 7.6 years for the responding patients ( P &lt; 0.001). The difference in median OS persisted when only patients receiving a novel agent as part of induction therapy were considered (3.6 vs. 7.9 years, P &lt; 0.001) and in a 4‐month landmark analysis (4.2 vs. 7.6 years, P &lt; 0.001). The median OS for patients achieving a complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), PR, or less than PR was not reached (NR), 6.1, 6.4, and 4.2 years from the 4‐month landmark, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). The comparatively poor outcomes of patients refractory to induction therapy in the current era of novel agents suggests that this high‐risk subpopulation must be further studied for predictors of resistance and, when identified, should be targeted for clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 90:981–985, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.