tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy on Pituitary–Adrenal Responses to Exogenous Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Reiner Schlaghecke, Elisabeth Kornely, Reinhard Th. Santen, Paul Ridderskamp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Suppression of pituitary-adrenal function is a well-known consequence of glucocorticoid therapy, manifested principally by decreased corticotropin secretion. To determine the degree of suppression of pituitary-adrenal function in patients treated with different doses of synthetic glucocorticoid medication for different periods, we measured the pituitary-adrenal response to the administration of exogenous human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).We studied 279 patients who were receiving daily therapy with 5 to 30 mg of prednisone or its equivalent to treat various chronic diseases, principally collagen vascular disorders, and 50 normal subjects. Therapy ranged in duration from 1 week to 15 years. Stimulation tests using 100 micrograms of CRH as a bolus injection were performed in the morning, 24 hours after the most recent dose of glucocorticoids. In 61 patients an insulin hypoglycemia test, thought by many to be the reference standard, was also performed to assess the reliability of the CRH results.After the administration of CRH, 43 patients had no increase in plasma concentrations of corticotropin and cortisol. The response was blunted in 133 patients and normal in 103. There was poor correlation between the plasma cortisol response after the administration of CRH and the dose or duration of therapy or the basal plasma cortisol concentration. Although plasma cortisol concentrations after stimulation with CRH were generally lower than those after insulin administration, there was a significant correlation between the plasma cortisol responses to the two stimuli (r = 0.82).Pituitary-adrenal function in patients treated with synthetic glucocorticoids cannot be reliably estimated from the dose of glucocorticoid, the duration of therapy, or the basal plasma cortisol concentration. In such patients, testing with CRH is nearly as useful as insulin hypoglycemia testing in the assessment of pituitary-adrenal function.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis in south Florida
Authors: Jerry G Ford, Andrew J.W Huang, Stephen C Pflugfelder, Eduardo C Alfonso, Richard K Forster, Darlene Miller
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

This study aimed to review the clinical features, therapeutic response, and histopathology of cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.Retrospective review of medical records, clinical photographs, histopathology, and microbiology of 24 cases of nontuberculous acid-fast keratitis over the past 15 years.Causal organisms included Mycobacterium chelonae (16), M. fortuitum (3), M. avium-intracellulare (2), M. nonchromogenicum (1), M. triviale (1), and M. asiaticum (1). Clinically, the keratitis had a superficial location except in those patients with a history of surgery. Amikacin was the most commonly used antibiotic (63%). Three patients were treated with Clarithromycin. In one patient, it was stopped because of toxicity; the other two had resolution of their infiltrates. Fifty-five percent did not respond to topical antimicrobial therapy. The organisms as a group were sensitive to amikacin and Clarithromycin and resistant to the fluoroquinolones. Sixty-four percent of the group that failed to respond to medical treatment were treated with steroids after the diagnosis was known, in comparison to 44% of the group treated successfully with medications. The histopathology of the patients treated with steroids showed minimal inflammation despite a large number of organisms, in contrast to the dense infiltrates seen in the specimens from patients not treated with topical steroids.Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis is a chronic insidious infection that is often unresponsive to medical therapy. The authors recommend that steroids be withheld. Based on the authors' experience of three patients, topical Clarithromycin may hold promise as a therapeutic agent. Lamellar keratectomy or penetrating keratoplasty should be considered in those patients who do not respond to medical therapy or those who have recurrent exacerbations on attempted weaning of topical antibiotic therapy.
The seasonal incidence of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: M. J. S. Langman
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The seasonal incidence of bleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcer has been investigated and an increase found in the winter months.This is more pronounced for gastric ulcer.The effect of environmental temperature upon this rhythm has also been investigated but no clear correlation has been found.No seasonal variation has been found for a more limited series of radiologically negative cases.
Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in serum of patients with extensive slow-flow vascular malformations: reply from authors
Authors: P. Redondo, L. Aguado, J.A. Paramo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We thank Dr Ferrero for her interest in our article.1 As Dr Ferrero points out, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration is higher in serum than in plasma, due to platelet degranulation, and conditions for serum processing should be standardized. Our observed differences between patients and controls cannot be attributed to the processing of the samples because the same protocol was followed for serum collection in every patient according to well‐standardized procedures in our laboratory.2, 3 The main point of our findings is that several angiogenic factors and endothelial damage/dysfunction markers are elevated in the circulation of selected patients with extensive slow‐flow vascular malformations, probably playing a pathophysiological role. The observed high plasma levels of angiopoietin‐2, TIE‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in the series analysed suggest that these molecules may have a role in the pathogenesis of some vascular malformations. We showed endothelial damage/dysfunction associated with vascular malformations, and proposed that endothelial proliferation as a means of effecting endothelial repair may be a mechanism for attempting to preserve endothelial homeostasis. The results of VEGF measurement are not specially important and we hardly made reference to them in our discussion.
MEK inhibition exhibits efficacy in human and mouse neurofibromatosis tumors
Authors: Walter J. Jessen, Shyra J. Miller, Edwin Jousma, Jianqiang Wu, Tilat A. Rizvi, Meghan E. Brundage, David Eaves, Brigitte Widemann, Mi-Ok Kim, Eva Dombi, Jessica Sabo, Atira Hardiman Dudley, Michiko Niwa-Kawakita, Grier P. Page, Marco Giovannini, Bruce J. Aronow, Timothy P. Cripe, Nancy Ratner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients develop benign neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). These incurable peripheral nerve tumors result from loss of NF1 tumor suppressor gene function, causing hyperactive Ras signaling. Activated Ras controls numerous downstream effectors, but specific pathways mediating the effects of hyperactive Ras in NF1 tumors are unknown. We performed cross-species transcriptome analyses of mouse and human neurofibromas and MPNSTs and identified global negative feedback of genes that regulate Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in both species. Nonetheless, ERK activation was sustained in mouse and human neurofibromas and MPNST. We used a highly selective pharmacological inhibitor of MEK, PD0325901, to test whether sustained Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling contributes to neurofibroma growth in a neurofibromatosis mouse model (Nf1fl/fl;Dhh-Cre) or in NF1 patient MPNST cell xenografts. PD0325901 treatment reduced aberrantly proliferating cells in neurofibroma and MPNST, prolonged survival of mice implanted with human MPNST cells, and shrank neurofibromas in more than 80% of mice tested. Our data demonstrate that deregulated Ras/ERK signaling is critical for the growth of NF1 peripheral nerve tumors and provide a strong rationale for testing MEK inhibitors in NF1 clinical trials.
Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients During a 2-Year Period After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Johan Herlitz, Gunnar Brandrup Wognsen, Håkan Emanuelsson, Maria Haglid, Björn W Karlson, Thomas Karlsson, Per Albertsson, Staffan Westberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To describe mortality and morbidity during a 2-year period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among diabetic and nondiabetic patients.All the patients in western Sweden in whom CABG was undertaken between June 1988 and June 1991 and in whom concomitant procedures were not performed were registered prospectively. The study was a prospective follow-up.Diabetic patients (n = 268) differed from nondiabetic patients (n = 1,859) in that more women were included, and the patients more frequently had a previous history of myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, congestive heart failure, intermittent claudication, and obesity. Diabetic patients more frequently required reoperation and had a higher incidence of peri- and postoperative neurological complications. Mortality during the 30 days after CABG was 6.7% in diabetic patients versus 3.0% in nondiabetic patients (P < 0.01). Mortality between day 30 and 2 years was 7.8 and 3.6%, respectively (P < 0.01). During 2 years of follow-up, a history of diabetes appeared to be a significant independent predictor of death. Whereas the development of MI after discharge from the hospital did not significantly differ between the two groups; 6.3% of diabetic patients developed stroke versus 2.5% in nondiabetic patients (P < 0.001).Diabetic patients have a mortality rate during the 2-year period after CABG that is about twice that of nondiabetic patients during both the early and late phase after the operation.
Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and antibodies to the GABAA receptor: a case series, characterisation of the antigen, and analysis of the effects of antibodies
Authors: Mar Petit-Pedrol, Thaís Armangue, Xiaoyu Peng, Luis Bataller, Tania Cellucci, Rebecca Davis, Lindsey McCracken, Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez, Warren P Mason, Michael C Kruer, David G Ritacco, Wolfgang Grisold, Brandon F Meaney, Carmen Alcalá, Peter Sillevis-Smitt, Maarten J Titulaer, Rita Balice-Gordon, Francesc Graus, Josep Dalmau
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2014)
Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology. Liver and Gastrointestinal Immunology
Authors: I Forgacs
Journal: Gut (1997)

Research issues are succinctly covered in the book.For example, how to do proper survey research is discussed in one chapter, and another reviews psychometric testing and how to interpret it.Current terminology applied in the functional gastrointestinal disorders is presented in an understandable yet comprehensive fashion.
Cross-Resistance to Purine Analogs in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Eric H. Kraut
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 February 1994Cross-Resistance to Purine Analogs in Hairy Cell LeukemiaEric H. Kraut, MDEric H. Kraut, MDThe Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210-1228Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the article by Drs. Saven and Piro on the response of patients with hairy cell leukemia to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) after treatment with deoxycoformycin (dCF) failed [1]. In our experience, approximately 85% of patients respond completely to dCF [2]. Our results with 2-CdA after no response to dCF or another purine antimetabolite, fludarabine phosphate, are not as encouraging. We have treated three patients with 2-CdA for refractory hairy cell leukemia. Two had relapsed from dCF-induced complete remission and did not respond to retreatment. One patient was also given fludarabine phosphate before 2-CdA treatment. Neither ...References1. Saven A, Piro LD. Complete remissions in hairy cell leukemia with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine after failure with 2′deoxycoformycin. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:278-83. Google Scholar2. Kraut EH, Bouroncle BA, Grever M. Pentostatin treatment of advanced hairy cell leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1989; 7:168-72. Google Scholar3. Kraut EH, Chun H. Fludarabine phosphate in refractory hairy cell leukemia. Am J Hematol. 1991; 37:59-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eric H. Kraut, MDAffiliations: The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH 43210-1228 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment Options for Hairy Cell LeukemiaLa leucémie à tricholeucocytes: approches thérapeutiques 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 247-248KeywordsDeoxycoformycinDrug therapyInterferonsNucleosidesPatientsPhosphatesPurines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Markers in Nonsmokers in the Trucking Industry
Authors: Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Donna Spiegelman, Douglas W. Dockery, Eric Garshick, S. Katharine Hammond, Thomas J. Smith, Jaime E. Hart, Francine Laden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Few studies have directly assessed the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) with cardiovascular disease–related inflammatory markers, and the findings are inconsistent.Objectives: We assessed the association between SHS exposure and the inflammatory markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in 199 nonsmoking U.S. trucking industry workers.Methods: Participants provided blood samples either by mail (blood drawn at local health care provider near home) or at the work site (blood drawn by research staff on-site) and completed a health and work history questionnaire at the time of blood draw. Exposure to SHS was measured by plasma cotinine concentrations. We used multivariate regression analyses to assess the associations between levels of cotinine and inflammatory markers.Results: The median cotinine level was 0.10 ng/mL (interquartile range, 0.04–0.23 ng/mL). The odds ratios of elevated hs-CRP (above highest CRP tertile, 1.5 mg/L) were 2.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–7.89] for the high-cotinine group (> 0.215 ng/mL) and 2.80 (95% CI, 1.11–7.10) for the moderate-cotinine group (0.05–0.215 ng/mL), compared with the low-cotinine group (< 0.05 ng/mL), adjusting for age, sex, race, educational level, obesity, previous smoking history, job title, and medical history. Plasma cotinine levels were not associated with IL-6 or sICAM-1.Conclusions: SHS exposure, as assessed by plasma cotinine, was positively associated with hs-CRP in this group of blue-collar workers. The strength of the association with hs-CRP depended on the cut points selected for analysis.
Interference of glycosylated human hemoglobin with endothelium-dependent responses.
Authors: L Rodríguez-Mañas, S Arribas, C Girón, J Villamor, C F Sánchez-Ferrer, J Marín
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Hypertension and other vascular diseases are more prevalent in diabetic patients than in the general population. In humans and in several animal models of diabetes, a disturbance of endothelium-dependent responses has been shown. Oxyhemoglobin is one of the most known modulators of these endothelium-dependent responses. We postulate that high levels of plasmatic glycosylated hemoglobin, a frequent profile in diabetic patients, may be the cause of the disturbance in endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contraction. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine and several alpha-adrenergic agonists (norepinephrine, methoxamine, and clonidine) were tested in segments of rat aorta. Experiments were carried out in control segments and in those preincubated with several concentrations of nonglycosylated, low-glycosylated (7.3%), and high-glycosylated (14%) human hemoglobin. Low concentrations of high-glycosylated human hemoglobin (1 to 100 nmol/L) but not of low- or nonglycosylated hemoglobin, inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by acetylcholine in intact vessels. The same effect was observed on relaxations caused by nitric oxide in denuded ones. High-glycosylated human hemoglobin (10 nmol/L) induced an increase in norepinephrine-evoked contraction in intact vessels; this latter effect was also shown in vessels contracted with methoxamine but not with clonidine. De-endothelialization of the vascular segments blunted these effects of high-glycosylated human hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS High glycosylation of human hemoglobin impairs endothelium-mediated vasoactive responses and may play a pathophysiological role in producing hypertension and vascular diseases in diabetic patients.
Suture of the Spinal Cord
Authors: D. Leckie
Journal: BMJ (1892)

We report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with fever, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, dry cough, breathlessness and abdominal pain. He was admitted due to hypoxaemia and was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 and was subsequently referred to the intensive care unit for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later and were suspected after noticing discolouration of the urine and a marked increase in plasma myoglobin levels. Treatment included hydration, forced diuresis and continuous renal replacement therapy. In addition to the coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome, he was diagnosed with possible SARS-CoV-2-induced myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. The patient survived and was discharged from intensive care after 12 days, returning home 23 days after hospitalisation, fully mobilised with a partially restored kidney function.
First randomized trial on clobetasol propionate and mometasone furoate in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: results of efficacy and tolerability
Authors: A. Virgili, A. Borghi, G. Toni, S. Minghetti, M. Corazza
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article First randomized trial on clobetasol propionate and mometasone furoate in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: results of efficacy and tolerability Get access A. Virgili, A. Virgili Department of Medical Sciences Section of Dermatology University of Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 44100 Ferrara Italy Correspondence Annarosa Virgili. E‐mail: vri@unife.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Borghi, A. Borghi Department of Medical Sciences Section of Dermatology University of Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 44100 Ferrara Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Toni, G. Toni Department of Medical Sciences Section of Dermatology University of Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 44100 Ferrara Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Minghetti, S. Minghetti Department of Medical Sciences Section of Dermatology University of Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 44100 Ferrara Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Corazza M. Corazza Department of Medical Sciences Section of Dermatology University of Ferrara Via Savonarola 9 44100 Ferrara Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 2, 1 August 2014, Pages 388–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12910 Published: 01 August 2014
Correlation between NIH composite skin score, patient-reported skin score, and outcome: results from the Chronic GVHD Consortium
Authors: David A. Jacobsohn, Brenda F. Kurland, Joseph Pidala, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Xiaoyu Chai, Jeanne M. Palmer, Sally Arai, Mukta Arora, Madan Jagasia, Corey Cutler, Daniel Weisdorf, Paul J. Martin, Steven Z. Pavletic, Georgia Vogelsang, Stephanie J. Lee, Mary E. D. Flowers
Journal: Blood (2012)
Dysgammaglobulinaemia in Tropical Sprue
Authors: S. Jarnum, K. N. Jeejeebhoy, B. Singh
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Study of immunoglobulin levels in 16 Indian control subjects showed that, compared with a Danish control series, they had a significantly higher mean level of IgG, but not of IgA or IgM. By contrast, the IgG levels in eight patients with tropical sprue were decreased or low normal in six cases and raised in only one case. Two patients with tropical sprue had agamma-A-globulinaemia. Turnover studies with <sup>125</sup>I-labelled IgG showed a high rate of synthesis in three Indian controls and an appreciably reduced or low rate in seven of the eight cases of tropical sprue.
Selective reduction of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase activities but not delta 9 desaturase in micropigs chronically fed ethanol.
Authors: M T Nakamura, A B Tang, J Villanueva, C H Halsted, S D Phinney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

This study investigated the mechanism by which chronic ethanol feeding reduces arachidonate and other highly unsaturated fatty acids in pig liver phospholipids. Five micropigs were fed a diet providing 89 kcal/kg body wt for 12 mo, with ethanol and fat as 40 and 34% of energy, respectively. Five control pigs were pairfed corn starch instead of ethanol. The activities of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases (expressed as microsomal conversion of precursor to product) in liver from ethanol-fed pigs were reduced to less than half that of controls, whereas the activity of delta 9 desaturase was unaffected in the ethanol group. delta 5 Desaturase activity showed positive correlation with the abundance of its products in liver total phospholipids and microsomes in the ethanol group, but not in the controls. Correlation between delta 6 desaturase activity and its products showed similar pattern to that of delta 5 desaturase, but did not reach statistical significance. No difference was observed between the two groups in coenzyme A concentration in the liver. These results suggest that the selective reduction of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase activities, not the microsomal electron transport system, are directly responsible for the altered profile of liver phospholipids.
Haemoglobin and Protein Levels in Northern Greece
Authors: H. Foy, C. Damkas, V. Mitchell, K. Retter, M. Depanian, R. J. Pitchford
Journal: BMJ (1946)

beds and pulleys, feeding-cups, wash-basins, irrigators, steril- izers, small portable charcoal stoves, disinfectors, stretchers and stretcher beds (with sack and bamboo), back-rests, leg-rests, oil-lamps, brooms, brushes, trays, tables, orthopaedic appliances, splints, surgical instruments, and artificial limbs and eyes (from mah-jongg pieces).The artificial limbs made at Nakom Patom under the direction of Major F. A. Woods, A.I.F., were designed from crude timber, leather cured from hide, thread from un- ra;elled packs, iron from retained portions of officers' stretchers, and oddments of sponge-rubber, elastic braces, etc.Part of an appeal to camp members at Chungkai.
Abrupt Cessation of High-Dose Imipramine Treatment in Children
Authors: Theodore A. Petti
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two children in whom imipramine hydrochloride therapy was abruptly discontinued experienced nausea, frequent vomiting, headache, lethargy, and irritability. These symptoms were similar to but more intense than those previously reported in children during gradual tapering of imipramine dosages. Physicians who treat children should be aware that symptoms previously thought to be side effects of imipramine may in fact represent noncompliance and resultant withdrawal.  ( JAMA 1981;246:768-769)