tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic screening could improve breast cancer prevention, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Testing women for a range of genetic variants associated with breast cancer could help to identify those at increased risk of the disease, a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute has found.1

Researchers from hundreds of research institutions led by the Institute of Cancer Research in London and the University of Cambridge looked at whether a group of 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer could distinguish different levels of disease risk in a study of 33 673 women with breast cancer and 33 381 controls, all from Europe. …
RUPTURE OF HEPATIC ABSCESS INTO THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Authors: R. B. McKNIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Rupture occurs in about 28 per cent of all cases of hepatic abscess.<sup>1</sup>In 168 cases reported in Tice's Practice of Medicine, the pleura, pericardium and lungs lead in relative frequency as to the site into which rupture may occur. The stomach, colon, lumbar region, bile ducts, inferior vena cava and kidney follow in order with rare case reports.<sup>1</sup>Waring,<sup>2</sup>as early as 1854, in a series of sixty-eight ruptures, reported three cases of liver abscess communicating with the inferior vena cava either directly or indirectly through the right hepatic vein. In one of these patients the abscess was single, in the other two multiple. The largest opening in the vein that I have found reported is that in Colin's<sup>3</sup>case in 1873: "The autopsy showed the abscess connected with the inferior vena cava by an opening the size of a franc piece." The abscess was
Comparison of methods for quantitating bronchial morphology
Authors: C. W. M. Bedrossian, A. E. Anderson, A. G. Foraker
Journal: Thorax (1971)

To determine the relative accuracy and efficiency of certain methods currently being used to assess bronchial architecture, results obtained with the respective techniques were compared with `true9 values derived from planimetry on the bronchi of 30 subjects. Excellent comparative figures were obtained for each bronchial constituent measured (gland, cartilage, and bronchial wall areas) with the point count method and weighing paper cut-outs. The latter seemed to be the most economical from the standpoint of time saving. Results of Reid indices, acinar counts, and determinations of percentage mucous acini (applicable only to glandular structures) correlated poorly with planimetry.
Mitramycin Treatment of Hypercalcemia.
Authors: Charles P. Perlia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Mitramycin Treatment of Hypercalcemia.Charles P. Perlia, M.D., David Edelberg, M.D.Charles P. Perlia, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David Edelberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1103_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMithramycin, an antibiotic antitumor agent, is most useful in the treatment of embryonal-cell carcinoma of the testes. It has been noted, among other side effects, to produce hypocalcemia, even in patients with normal initial serum calcium levels. Because of this effect, the drug was investigated in patients with hypercalcemia of various causes.Fourteen patients with hypercalcemia due to malignant disease affecting the osseous system and one patient with hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism have been treated to date. It has been found that mithramycin is indeed effective in reducing the elevated serum and urinary calcium levels. The dose necessary to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles P. Perlia, M.D.; David Edelberg, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDisorders of Mineral Metabolism in MalignancyMetabolic and toxic effects of mithramycin during tumor therapyHypercalcemia Associated with Neoplastic DiseaseFRANCO M. MUGGIA, M.D., HENRY O. HEINEMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1103-1103KeywordsAntibioticsCalciumDrugsHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismHypocalcemiaTestes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
CD19 <sup>+</sup> CD24 <sup>hi</sup> CD38 <sup>hi</sup> B Cells Maintain Regulatory T Cells While Limiting T <sub>H</sub> 1 and T <sub>H</sub> 17 Differentiation
Authors: Fabian Flores-Borja, Anneleen Bosma, Dorothy Ng, Venkat Reddy, Michael R. Ehrenstein, David A. Isenberg, Claudia Mauri
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have fewer regulatory B cells with decreased function, which may be associated with inflammation.
The dysplastic naevus syndrome and endocrine disease.
Authors: S J Adams, M H Rustin, T W Robinson, D D Munro
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Members of two different families were found to have the dysplastic naevus syndrome and coexistent endocrine abnormalities. The dysplastic naevus syndrome is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and has been associated with other primary malignancies. This is the first time that it has been described in association with endocrine abnormalities.
Invitation to screening with colonoscopy had lower participation but similar yield as CT colonography
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Stoop EM, de Haan MC, de Wijkerslooth TR, et al. Participation and yield of colonoscopy versus non-cathartic CT colonography in population-based screening for colorectal cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:55-64. 22088831
Lignocaine Therapy after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M. P. Chopra, R. W. Portal, C. P. Aber
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Thirty-five patients with ventricular dysrhythmias and seven with other dysrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction were treated with intravenous lignocaine. Satisfactory initial suppression of ventricular ectopic beats was achieved in 27 (82%) of 33 patients after either a 50-mg. bolus or a 50-mg. bolus followed by a 100-mg. bolus of intravenous 2% lignocaine. Continuous suppression of ventricular ectopic beats was accomplished in 21 (78%) of these 27 patients by continuous intravenous lignocaine infusions of 1 to 2 mg. per minute. Recurrence of ventricular ectopic beats occurred in four patients despite lignocaine infusion rates of up to 6 mg. per minute. Six patients with ventricular ectopic beats developed ventricular fibrillation despite satisfactory initial suppression of their dysrhythmia by lignocaine. In three of them ventricular fibrillation supervened while they were receiving a lignocaine infusion and two subsequently died. Unheralded ventricular fibrillation occurred in three other patients between four and seven days after completing the full course of lignocaine therapy. Toxic effects of lignocaine were minimal in patients receiving 1 to 2 mg. per minute.
T cell therapy in combination with Vemurafenib in BRAF mutated metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Troels Holz Borch, Rikke Andersen, Per Kongsted, Özcan Met, Mads Hald Andersen, Per thor Straten, Marco Donia, Inge Marie Svane
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has proven to be a powerful treatment option for patients with metastatic melanoma, even when heavily pretreated, with response rates of approximately 50% and durable complete responses in about 15%. However,
Determinants of the Pressor Effect of Phenylpropanolamine in Healthy Subjects
Authors: George L. Blackburn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is frequently used in over-the-counter diet aids and cold medicines, In view of concern about the safety of this sympathomimetic agent, we undertook a double-blind, multicenter clinical trial to determine the factors that influence the pressor effect of short-term oral administration of PPA in healthy individuals. Eight hundred eighty-one healthy individuals in four categories of body weight were randomized to receive placebo capsules three times per day (n = 286), a 75-mg sustained-release PPA hydrochloride preparation once per day (n = 296) followed by two doses of placebo capsules, or a 25-mg immediate-release PPA hydrochloride preparation three times per day (n = 299). The median age of the study population was 28 years, 56% were men, 73% were white, and 47% were in excess of 30% above their ideal body weight. Measurements of pulse rate and supine and standing blood pressure were made 11 times during the day of PPA administration. A statistically significant but clinically unimportant pressor effect for the short-term administration of PPA was observed. The effect occurred in the first 6 hours after administration and was greater in the sustained-release group. Significant independent determinants of the pressor effect of PPA were baseline diastolic blood pressure, baseline body weight, and treatment.
Detection of Hypoxia With 18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) PET/CT in Suspected or Proven Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tatiana Segard, Peter D. Robins, Ian F. Yusoff, Hooi Ee, Laurence Morandeau, Elaine M. Campbell, Roslyn J. Francis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Pancreatic carcinoma is known to demonstrate molecular features of hypoxia. The aim of this prospective pilot study is to analyze the hypoxia agent fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) using PET/CT in pancreatic carcinoma and to compare FMISO activity with glucose metabolism reflected by FDG.Ten patients with pancreatic carcinoma underwent FMISO and FDG PET scans. FMISO and FDG PET/CT scans were analyzed by 2 PET physicians. Regions of interest drawn on the FDG images were transposed to the FMISO images after study coregistration. The FDG SUVmax was used to quantify metabolic activity and FMISO SUVmax and tumor-to-background (muscle) ratio to quantify hypoxia.Seven patients were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The remaining patients had a neuroendocrine tumor, poorly differentiated/sarcomatoid carcinoma, and mucinous neoplasm. Visual analysis demonstrated increased FMISO activity in 2 pancreatic adenocarcinomas. All patients, however, had increased FDG activity at the tumor site. Mean FDG SUVmax was 6 (range: 3.8 to 9.5) compared to 2.3 for FMISO (range: 1 to 3.4). The 2 positive studies on visual analysis of FMISO did not correspond to the largest tumors, the studies with the highest FMISO or FDG SUVmax. There was no significant correlation between FMISO and FDG SUVmax values.The hypoxia imaging agent, FMISO, demonstrates minimal activity in pancreatic tumors. If FMISO PET/CT is to be included in clinical trial protocols of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer, it would require correlation with other imaging modalities to localize the tumor and allow semiquantitative analysis.
PTU-143 Digital Image Analysis Enhances Quantitative Immunohistochemistry in the Squamous-Metaplasia-Dysplasia-Carcinoma Sequence
Authors: E S Bloom, M A Butt, R J Haidry, D Oukrif, S-U-R Khan, S Ahammed, V Sehgal, J Louis-Auguste, M R Banks, M Gandy, M Rodriguez-Justo, M Novelli, L B Lovat
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have previously shown how the Allred scoring system may be used to semi-quantify expression of nuclear biomarkers in the Barrett’s (BE) to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) sequence. Recently, a number of digital image analysis (DIA) platforms have been clinically validated for quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast tissue. This study aims to compare pathologists scores (PS) with DIA for the quantification of nuclear biomarkers in BE to OA sequence. <h3>Methods</h3> Paraffin embedded specimens were selected from 34 patients. Pathology grade (PG) was scored as 1 (non-dysplastic BE; n = 5), 2 (low grade dysplasia; n = 5), 3 (high grade dysplasia; n = 11) and 4 (OA; n = 14). Sections were immunostained with antibodies PLK1-M, PLK1-L and Geminin. Intensity (I-PS) (0 to 3+) and extent (E-PS) (0; &lt; 1% = 1; 1–10% = 2; 10–33% = 3; 33–66% = 4; &gt; 66% = 5) of staining were scored by 2 GI pathologists, and mean PS calculated. Intensity and proportions of +ve staining were digitally quantified using Ariol® software. Analysis classifiers were trained to identify thresholds of positive (brown/DAB) and negative (blue/Hx) nuclei (Figure A) in the areas of interest. Background tissue was digitally excluded. Mean intensity (I-DIA) and mean counts for DIA positive (red) and negative (green) nuclei (Figure B) were quantified to calculate percentage positivity (E-DIA) and compared with I-PS, E-PS and total Allred score (A-PS) using Pearson correlation coefficient. <h3>Results</h3> Significant correlation was seen between E-DIA and A-PS (r = 0.76, p = 0.006; r = 0.73, p = 0.008; r = 0.94, p = 0.0004) with all biomarkers (PLK1-M; PLK1-L; Geminin). PLK1-L showed additional correlation between DIA and PS for intensity (r = 0.985, p = 0.02) and extent (r = 0.95, p = 0.90). Geminin showed additional correlations between DIA and PS for extent (r = 0.99, p = 0.0008) and PG (r = 0.97, p = 0.03). Following training, Ariol® analysis took a mean of 4mins (Range 3–5) per tissue region highlighted. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has demonstrated how DIA may be used to quantify expression of nuclear biomarkers. Significant correlation between DIA with Allred score was seen with all biomarkers, but only PLK1-L correlated with intensity and Geminin with PG. Background staining ignored by pathologists was found to be a confounder for DIA, particularly with PLK1-M. Nonetheless, DIA has great potential to enhance current grading and risk stratification systems for BE, and help select patients for targeted therapies dependent on biomarker expression. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A CASE OF ORBITAL LYMPHANGIOMA
Authors: WALTER SCOTT FRANKLIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

M. B., a girl, aged 8, reported to the outpatient department in March, 1921, because of a prominent blind left eye. The mother had a very difficult labor. When the patient was 1 year of age, the parents observed that the left pupil was white and the eye apparently sightless. At 2 years of age the left eye was noticeably more prominent than the right. Since that time the protrusion had gradually become more marked. The eye had never been painful or inflamed. The patient had been shunned by her schoolmates because of her repelling appearance. <h3>Examination.</h3> —Vision of the right eye was 0.6; of the left eye, light perception. External examination of the right eye was negative. Examination of the fundus revealed a large coloboma below, involving the inferior third of the disk and the choroid. Scattered over the fundus were numerous areas of healed chorioretinitis. There was marked
The morphology and hardness of the nail in two cases of congenital onychoheterotopia
Authors: K. AOKI, H. SUZUKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article The morphology and hardness of the nail in two cases of congenital onychoheterotopia Get access K. AOKI, K. AOKI Department of Dermatology, Saitama Central Hospital 4‐9‐3, Kitaurawa, Urawashi, Saitamaken, Japan (336) Dr Kiyoko Aoki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. SUZUKI H. SUZUKI Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine 30‐1, Ohyaguchi Kamimachi, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan (173) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 6, 1 June 1984, Pages 717–723, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04710.x Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Accepted: 06 December 1983 Published: 01 June 1984
Identification of immunodominant hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific cytotoxic T-cell epitopes by stimulation with endogenously synthesized HCV antigens
Authors: Simona Urbani, Jacopo Uggeri, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Tatsuo Miyamura, Amalia Penna, Carolina Boni, Carlo Ferrari
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)–specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cell injury and viral clearance in HCV infection. Because HCV does not efficiently infect human cells in vitro and primary infected hepatocytes cannot be used as stimulator/target cells for CTL analysis, development of efficient systems to activate and expand CTL in vitro, reproducing antigen presentation to CTL occurring during natural infection, is mandatory to study CTL activity and to define the hierarchy of immunodominance of CTL epitopes. To achieve this goal, 5 different defective adenoviruses carrying structural and nonstructural HCV genes (core, core–E1–E2, E2, NS3–NS4A, NS3–NS5A) were used to induce the endogenous synthesis of HCV proteins in human adherent mononuclear cells in vitro and to allow their entry into the HLA class I cytosolic pathway of antigen processing. The cytolytic activity of peripheral blood lympho–mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HLA–A2 + HCV–infected patients stimulated with recombinant adenovirus–infected cells was tested against target cells either pulsed with a panel of synthetic peptides containing the HLA–A2 binding motif or infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying HCV genes. Our study defines a reproducible system to stimulate and expand HCV–specific CTL in vitro that mimics the conditions of antigen encounter in vivo. By this approach, we have identified several HLA–A2-restricted epitopes that should correspond to immunodominant HCV sequences recognized by CTL during natural infection. Therefore, these amino acid sequences represent ideal candidates for the design of therapeutic vaccines for chronic HCV infection.
Review: Prophylactic botulinum toxin A reduces frequency of chronic migraine headaches in adults
Authors: Robert Badgett, Andrew Massey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club21 August 2012Review: Prophylactic botulinum toxin A reduces frequency of chronic migraine headaches in adultsRobert Badgett, MD, Andrew Massey, MDRobert Badgett, MDKansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA (R.B., A.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Andrew Massey, MDKansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA (R.B., A.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-4-201208210-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJackson JL, Kuriyama A, Hayashino Y. Botulinum toxin A for prophylactic treatment of migraine and tension headaches in adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;307:1736-45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22535858Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Neurology: References1 Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P. Licence for Botox in so-called chronic migraine [Letter]. Lancet. 2010;376:1825-6. [PMID: 21111904] Google Scholar2 Singer N. Botox shots approved for migraine. New York Times. 2010 Oct 15. www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/health/16drug.html (accessed 14 Jun 2012). Google Scholar3 Colosimo C, Tiple D, Berardelli A. Efficacy and safety of long-term botulinum toxin treatment in craniocervical dystonia: a systematic review. Neurotox Res. 2012;Feb 23 [Epub ahead of print]. [PMID: 22359151] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Badgett, MD; Andrew Massey, MDAffiliations: Kansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas, USA (R.B., A.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 August 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 August 2012Volume 157, Issue 4Page: JC2-10KeywordsAdverse eventsBotulinum toxinDystoniaMigraineNumber needed to harmRelative riskSafetySecondary headachesToxicity ePublished: 21 August 2012 Issue Published: 21 August 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Correction: Grant Support
Authors: PHIL R. MANNING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1979Correction: Grant SupportPHIL R. MANNING, M.D.PHIL R. MANNING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-5-798_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In my paper in the September issue (1), I inadvertently omitted that my study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant NLM 02857 from the National Library of Medicine....Reference1. MANNINGDENSON PT. How cardiologists learn about echocardiography: a reminder for medical educators and legislators. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:469-71. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1979Volume 91, Issue 5Page: 798-798KeywordsLibraries Issue Published: 1 November 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
EphA2 targeting peptide tethered bioreducible poly(cystamine bisacrylamide–diamino hexane) for the delivery of therapeutic pCMV-RAE-1γ to pancreatic islets
Authors: Katherine S. Blevins, Ji Hoon Jeong, Mei Ou, Jonathan H. Brumbach, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Classification of Calcium Antagonists
Authors: Randolph W. Lievertz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I noticed that there are distinct differences in the actions of calcium antagonists, both in those drugs that are investigational and those approved. It seems that we are seeing two different subgroups of calcium antagonists. I would like to make the proposal that consideration be given to the classification of verapamil and diltiazem as C 1 subgroup antagonists and that nifedipine be classified as a C 2 calcium antagonist. I make this suggestion based on the observation that the C , antagonists seem to be primarily cardiac in action and the C 2 group of antagonists seem to exert more of a peripheral action. The subscripts would go along with the subscripts classifying β-adrenergic agents (with β 1 - being cardiac and β 2 - peripheral). I am not proposing a receptor theory for these drugs, merely a classification mechanism that will help us deal with new members of this class
Cerebral Abscess Complicating Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: R. P. Jayewardene
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Cerebral Abscess Complicating Congenital Heart DiseaseCerebral abscess as a complication of congenital heart disease is rare.A few cases have been reported in the early literature, but the association of the two conditions was not firmly established till Ballet (1880) showed that in some cases of congenital heart disease.death was due to rupture
Cimetidine in the Presence of Renal Impairment
Authors: Joe A. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mogelnicki et al (241:826, 1979) describe physostigmine reversal of cimetidine-induced mental confusion in two critically ill patients with impaired renal function. The patients were receiving cimetidine therapy, 300 mg intravenously, every six hours for several days, one for prophylaxis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the other, for a gastric ulcer. These cases raise two important considerations in using cimetidine, which may have prevented the obtundation. First, the major route of cimetidine excretion is the kidney.<sup>1</sup>The frequency of its administration is reduced in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment to every eight and 12 hours, respectively. In case 1, progressive azotemia and obtundation developed, giving consideration for reducing the dose frequency. Second, hemodialysis reduces the circulating blood level of cimetidine, usually necessitating an extra 300-mg dose at the end of dialysis.<sup>2,3</sup>In case 2, dialysis probably accounted for the low cimetidine blood level. The dose