tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Disorders of Alcoholism
Authors: Charles Saul Lieber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Alcohol is the most frequently abused drug throughout the world. In the United States, it is consumed regularly by about half the adult population, and about 15 to 20 million people are alcoholics. Alcoholism claims 100,000 lives annually and carries an annual price tag of more than $100 billion.1 Among persons admitted to general hospitals, 20 to 40 percent have alcohol-related problems, and among the elderly, alcohol-related hospitalizations are as numerous as those due to myocardial infarction.2 Alcohol permeates all tissues of the body and affects most vital functions, because it is a small molecule soluble in both water and . . .
Reading Plans-Reply
Authors: William E. Scheckler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  In life, one is always faced with choices. My article was designed to identify choices and a rationale for those choices in the important field of CME for physicians. Since a physician's time is limited, I think that most physicians would be best served by using refereed journals as the cornerstone of their continuing education plan. If they have additional time or specific subspecialty needs that can be met in the ways suggested by Mr Wood or Dr Morrison, then that is their choice. Based on my many years of practice experience, the comments from my medical colleagues, and the discussions I have had with several hundred residents and medical students, I remain convinced that my original suggestions still provide the best cornerstone.
PRESENTATION TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES OF EARLY LATE AND VERY LATE STENT THROMBOSIS: A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR DATA REGISTRY®
Authors: Dmitriy N. Feldman, Ehrin J. Armstrong, Tracy Y. Wang, Lisa A. Kaltenbach, Khung Keong Yeo, John Spertus, S. Chiu Wong, Robert M. Minutello, Issam Moussa, Richard Shaw, Jason H. Rogers, Kendrick A. Shunk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Response from author of original paper
Authors: D. A Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Freedland challenges my comparison of the number of Palestinians killed by the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) with those killed in 9/11.1 2 B’Tselem recorded 2952 fatalities for the period in question (2000-4)3; Freedland’s figure is just half of this total (1508) and presumably reflects the exclusion of what …
Shift Shown in Influenza A Adamantane Resistance—Reply
Authors: David M. Weinstock, Gianna Zucotti
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE VALUE OF COMBINATIONS OF NARCOTICS AND ANTIPYRETICS
Authors: A. HERZFELD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

It is a well-known fact that certain drugs acquire their highest therapeutic efficiency in combination with other drugs. In such combinations not only is their therapeutic effect increased, but in addition possible disagreeable by-effects are neutralized and not infrequently the therapeutic action of the adjuvant is made more prominent. As familiar examples of such combinations may be mentioned iron and arsenic, mercury and potassium iodid, quinin, iron and arsenic or strychnin. Furthermore, I have observed that the disagreeable effects of chloral may be minimized by combining it with a bromid, codein or morphin. Well-known are the excellent results which have been obtained by the combination of morphin and atropin, morphin and scopolamin, cocain and adrenalin, and lately a combination of physostigmin and pilocarpin has been highly recommended in the treatment of glaucoma. In this connection I will discuss a number of combinations of narcotics with the synthetic antipyretics, drugs which
Mild Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Leon Michaels
Journal: JAMA (1960)

More reliable criteria for diagnosis of congenital heart disease were sought in a study of 128 subjects who submitted to cardiac catheterization. The data so obtained were found to be normal in 14 physicians who volunteered for catheterization and in 45 patients among the 114 suspected of having congenital heart disease. In 69 of the 114 the suspicion was confirmed. Analysis of these cases showed that clinical criteria can be depended on in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in most adult patients with a persistent ductus arteriosus and left-to-right shunt as low as 40%, with an atrial or ventricular septal defect and left-to-right shunt as low as 25%, or a pulmonary valve stenosis and a systolic gradient as low as 40 mm. Hg.
Excessively Long Hospital Stays After Trauma Are Not Related to the Severity of Illness
Authors: John O. Hwabejire, Haytham M. A. Kaafarani, Ayesha M. Imam, Carolina V. Solis, Justin Verge, Nancy M. Sullivan, Marc A. DeMoya, Hasan B. Alam, George C. Velmahos
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Reduction in length of hospital stay is a veritable target in reducing the overall costs of health care. However, many existing approaches are flawed because the assumptions of what cause excessive length of stay are incorrect; we methodically identified the right targets in this study.To identify the causes of excessively prolonged hospitalization (ExProH) in trauma patients.The trauma registry, billing databases, and medical records of trauma admissions were reviewed. Excessively prolonged hospitalization was defined by the standard method used by insurers, which is a hospital stay that exceeds the Diagnosis Related Group-based trim point. The causes of ExProH were explored in a unique potentially avoidable days database, used by our hospital's case managers to track discharge delays.Level I academic trauma center.Adult trauma patients admitted between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010.Excessively prolonged hospitalization and hospital cost.Of 3237 patients, 155 (5%) had ExProH. The patients with ExProH compared with non-ExProH patients were older (mean [SD] age, 53 [21] vs 47 [22] years, respectively; P = .001), were more likely to have blunt trauma (92% vs 84%, respectively; P = .03), were more likely to be self-payers (16% vs 11%, respectively; P = .02) or covered by Medicare/Medicaid (41% vs 30%, respectively; P = .002), were more likely to be discharged to post-acute care facilities than home (65% vs 35%, respectively; P < .001), and had higher hospitalization cost (mean, $54 646 vs $18 444, respectively; P < .001). Both groups had similar Injury Severity Scores, Revised Trauma Scores, baseline comorbidities, and in-hospital complication rates. Independent predictors of mortality were discharge to a rehabilitation facility (odds ratio = 4.66; 95% CI, 2.71-8.00; P < .001) or other post-acute care facility (odds ratio = 5.04; 95% CI, 2.52-10.05; P < .001) as well as insurance type that was Medicare/Medicaid (odds ratio = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06-2.72; P = .03) or self-pay (odds ratio = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.35-4.37; P = .003). The reasons for discharge delays were clinical in only 20% of the cases. The remaining discharges were excessively delayed because of difficulties in rehabilitation facility placement (47%), in-hospital operational delays (26%), or payer-related issues (7%).System-related issues, not severity of illness, prolong hospital stay excessively. Cost-reduction efforts should target operational bottlenecks between acute and postacute care.
THE NONCALCULOUS GALLBLADDER
Authors: GEORGE P. MULLER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In the fall of 1925 I<sup>1</sup>ascertained the end-results of a small series of gallbladder operations and found that 84.4 per cent of the stone cases were apparently cured, whereas only 70 per cent of the noncalculous group were without symptoms. About the same time Whipple<sup>2</sup>found in a similar study that 89.4 per cent of the calculous cases and 76.6 per cent of the noncalculous cases were cured by cholecystectomy. The difference in the percentage of cure was almost identical in the two series. The liability of frequent recurrence of symptoms after operation on the noncalculous gallbladder has been long known, and in an early paper Stanton<sup>3</sup>found only 46 per cent of cures in a series of ninety-nine cases, in ninety-two of which cholecystostomy had been performed. But in 1914, W. J. Mayo<sup>4</sup>noted that simple drainage will not cure the majority of these
Scintiangiographic Demonstration of Parasitization of Systemic Blood Supply by Inflammatory Lung Disease
Authors: ALAN E. SCHLESINGER, VICTOR W. LEE, JEROME H. SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

An unusual case in which a computed tomogram demonstrated abnormal, enlarged vessels in the right lower lobe of the lung and suggested an arteriovenous malformation is presented. A scintiangiogram showed abnormal systemic supply to this area in the aortic phase. Contrast angiography demonstrated hypertrophy of the right inferior phrenic artery with abnormal systemic supply to the pleura and parenchyma of the right lower lobe, presumably on the basis of old infection.
College Student Suicide.
Authors: Mathew Ross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968College Student Suicide.Mathew Ross, M.D., F.A.C.P.Mathew Ross, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1193_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe highest potential suicide risk group within A the population is the adolescents of college age. In 1966 nearly 100,000 college students threatened suicide; of these 1 in 10 actually attempted suicide, and 1,000 succeeded. Among college students suicide is now the second greatest cause of death, and the national rate is 50% higher than for Americans in general of comparable age. Whereas the suicide rate among older persons has been declining since the 1930's, the suicide rate among teen-agers and adults less than 45 years of age has been rising. Since 1950 suicide among youth aged 15 to 24... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1193-1194KeywordsAdolescentsSuicide Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Incidence of leukaemia and other cancers in birth and schools cohorts in the Dounreay area.
Authors: R. J. Black, J. D. Urquhart, S. W. Kendrick, K. J. Bunch, J. Warner, D. A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether a raised incidence of leukaemia in the Dounreay area occurred in children born to local mothers (birth cohort) or in those who moved to the area after birth (schools cohort) and also whether any cases of cancer have occurred in children born near Dounreay who may have moved elsewhere. DESIGN--Follow up study. SETTING--Dounreay area of Caithness, Scotland. SUBJECTS--4144 children born in the area in the period 1969-88 and 1641 children who attended local schools in the same period but who had been born elsewhere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cancer registration records linked to birth and school records with computerised probability matching methods. RESULTS--Five cancer registrations were traced from the birth cohort compared with 5.8 expected on the basis of national rates (observed to expected ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0). All five cases were of leukaemia (2.3, 0.7 to 5.4). In the schools cohort three cases were found (2.1, 0.4 to 6.2), all of which were of leukaemia (6.7, 1.4 to 19.5). All eight children were resident in the Dounreay area at the time of diagnosis; thus no cases were found in children who were born in or had attended school in the study area but who subsequently moved away. CONCLUSION--The raised incidence of leukaemia in both the birth and schools cohorts suggests that place of birth is not a more important factor than place of residence in the series of cases of leukaemia observed near Dounreay area.
Effect of Community of Residence on Neurobehavioral Development in Infants and Young Children in a Flower-Growing Region of Ecuador
Authors: Alexis J. Handal, Betsy Lozoff, Jaime Breilh, Siobán D. Harlow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In this study we compared neurobehavioral development in Ecuadoran children living in two communities with high potential for exposure to organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides to that of children living in a community with low potential for exposure.Women residing in the study communities who had a child 3-61 months of age completed a questionnaire about maternal and child health and sociodemographic characteristics. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was administered to each child (n = 283). Growth measurements and a hemoglobin finger-prick blood test were obtained. We used multiple linear regressions to evaluate associations between community of residence and delayed development, adjusting for child health status and other characteristics of the home environment.Children 3-23 months of age who resided in high-exposure communities scored lower on gross motor (p = 0.002), fine motor (p = 0.06), and socioindividual (p-value = 0.02) skills, compared with children in the low-exposure community. The effect of residence in a high-exposure community on gross motor skill development was greater for stunted children compared with non-stunted children (p = < 0.001) in the same age group of 3-23 months. Children 24-61 months of age residing in the high-exposure communities scored significantly lower on gross motor skills compared with children of similar ages residing in the low-exposure community (p = 0.06).Residence in communities with high potential for exposure to OP and carbamate pesticides was associated with poorer neurobehavioral development of the child even after controlling for major determinants of delayed development. Malnourished populations may be particularly vulnerable to neurobehavioral effects of pesticide exposure.
Cutaneous manifestation of Chagas' disease after heart transplantation: successful treatment with allopurinol
Authors: J. TOMIMORI-YAMASHITA, P.D. DEPS, D.R. ALMEIDA, M.M.S.S. ENOKIHARA, M.-T. DE SEIXAS, E. FREYMÜLLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We describe two patients who underwent cardiac transplantation for chronic cardiomyopathy of Chagas' disease, and in whom the disease was reactivated with the development of cutaneous lesions. In both cases, the skin lesions regressed completely after 2 months of therapy with allopurinol.
Does The Sinusitis Affect Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness In Asthmatic Children ?
Authors: Chikako Motomura, Hiroshi Odajima, Yuko Amimoto, Rintaro Ono, Keisuke Watanuki, Yoko Murakami, Naohiko Taba, Satoshi Honjho, Sankei Nishima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
High-pressure water jet injury.
Authors: J L De Beaux
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Interactions of midazolam and ketoconazole were studied in vivo and in vitro in rats. Ketoconazole (total dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) reduced clearance of intravenous midazolam (5 mg/kg) from 79 to 55 ml/min/kg (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and clearance of intragastric midazolam (15 mg/kg) from 1051 to 237 ml/min/kg (<i>p</i>&lt; 0.05), increasing absolute bioavailability from 0.11 to 0.36 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Presystemic extraction occurred mainly across the liver as opposed to the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. Midazolam increased electroencephalographic (EEG) amplitude in the β-frequency range. Ketoconazole shifted the concentration-EEG effect relationship rightward (increase in EC<sub>50</sub>), probably because ketoconazole is a neutral benzodiazepine receptor ligand. Ketoconazole competitively inhibited midazolam hydroxylation by rat liver and intestinal microsomes in vitro, with nanomolar<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> values. At a total serum ketoconazole of 2 μg/ml (3.76 μM) in vivo, the predicted reduction in clearance of intragastric midazolam by ketoconazole (to 6% of control) was slightly greater than the observed reduction in vivo (to 15% of control). However, unbound serum ketoconazole greatly underpredicted the observed clearance reduction. Although the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of midazolam in rats incompletely parallel those in humans, the experimental model can be used to assess aspects of drug interactions having potential clinical importance.
Mercaptopurine-dependent Remission of Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: J. F. Maher
Journal: BMJ (1970)

DISCUSSIONThis study had the limited aim of deciding whether some human tumours were sensitive to bleomycin.Three findings emerged from the trial.(1) Some tumours are sensitive to bleomycin, which usually produced incomplete regression.Some sensitive tumours, notably breast and ovarian carcinomas, reacted more favourably to chemotherapeutic TABLE II.-Results of Trial of Bleomycin (Systemic) In Patients with Various Types of Malignant Tumours Results K Failure Location co H 3 *,-.~~CA00 ~~~~~.
Successful treatment of linear IgA disease with salazosulphapyridine and intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: M. Goebeler, C. Seitz, C. Rose, C. Sitaru, R. Jeschke, A. Marx, E.B. Brocker, D. Zillikens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease characterized by pruritic blisters with subepidermal separation.1, 2 Based on the linear deposition of IgA at the dermoepidermal junction and the absence of other immunoglobulins, LABD has been established as an entity distinct from dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid.3 In LABD, most circulating IgA antibodies bind to the epidermal side of 1 mol L−1 NaCl‐separated human skin and recognize an antigen, LAD‐1, which has been identified as the 120‐kDa ectodomain of collagen XVII/BP180 shed by keratinocytes.4 The aetiology of LABD is not understood. Occasional associations with drug intake, infection, pre‐existing inflammatory bowel disease and lymphoproliferative diseases have been documented.2 We report a 15‐year‐old girl who presented with a 3‐week history of a pruritic bullous eruption especially involving the trunk (Fig. 1) and erosions on the labia majora. Scarring was not detectable, whereas some lesions healed with prominent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. The patient complained of abdominal pain and weight loss and reported episodes of bloody diarrhoea 3 weeks prior to admission. Skin histology revealed subepidermal blister formation accompanied by a neutrophil‐predominated dermal infiltrate with formation of microabscesses in the papillary dermis. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy of a perilesional skin biopsy showed linear deposition of IgA and C3 at the dermoepidermal junction. Indirect IF microscopy on human salt‐split skin demonstrated binding of circulating IgA antibodies to the epidermal side. On Western blot analysis of concentrated supernatant from cultured HaCaT cells,5 the patient's IgA autoantibodies labelled the soluble 120‐kDa ectodomain of BP180 (LAD‐1). Based on these findings, the diagnosis of LABD was established. Additionally, occult blood was detected in the patient's stools and colonoscopy showed inflamed mucosa involving the whole colon and rectum. Histological examination revealed severe erosive colitis, while direct IF microscopy of colon biopsies was unremarkable.
Association of thyroid disease with acute leukemia
Authors: Craig Moskowitz, Janice P. Dutcher, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possible clinical association of autoimmune thyroid disease and acute leukemia. This study is a retrospective review of all adult patients with acute leukemia treated at our institutions from 1978-1989. Those with both leukemia and thyroid disease were evaluated and are presented. Twenty-seven of eight hundred seventy patients with acute leukemia had evidence of thyroid disease. This is a 3-fold increase in overall incidence. Twenty-one patients had acute myeloid leukemia, five had acute lymphoid leukemia, and one had accelerated chronic myeloid leukemia. Thyroid disease entities included toxic multinodular goiter (four patients), idiopathic hypothyroidism (eight patients), Graves' disease (eight patients), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (seven patients). Whereas the association may have had a negative effect on elderly patients, those with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease appeared to have an improved outcome of the leukemia. There is an increased association of autoimmune thyroid disease and acute leukemia. Since thyroid hormones are important regulators of hematopoiesis and utilize receptors similar to those of differentiating factors such as retinoids, the association may be important for further study of mechanisms of growth regulations in leukemia.
Life: The Unfinished Experiment
Authors: Kurt Hirschhorn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The science of molecular biology has advanced over the past 15 years at an almost dizzying rate that has unfortunately left many interested individuals in some confusion. This book, written by the Nobel Prize-winning microbiologist, Professor S. E. Luria, does much to bring up to date those who are interested but not directly involved. The chapters concerning evolution, genetics, and cells and their metabolism are superb and written with ease and humor allowing ready understanding. Those chapters dealing with organisms and especially man, while a bit more difficult, provide excellent relevance of molecular biology to human biology. The only chapter with which I would take some exception is the last one dealing with the mind. While much that is written in this chapter is clear and useful, I would have liked to see some greater stress on the interaction of cultural evolution, so unique to man, as the environmental factor