tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine in the Management of Poststreptococcal Pustulosis
Authors: Patrick Fleming, James C. Shaw
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Poststreptococcal pustulosis (PSP) is a rare neutrophilic disease occurring after a streptococcal pharyngitis.1 In our report, we describe a mother and daughter who developed PSP and were successfully treated with low-dose cyclosporine.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Without Image Intensification
Authors: S. P. Misra, M. Dwivedi
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

See also: Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in PregnancyEndoscopy 1997; 29(01): 52-53DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024059 See also: Reply to Misra and Dwivedi (1997/128)Endoscopy 1997; 29(09): 887-887DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004327
US public health system needs major overhaul, says report
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The US Congress needs to establish a national public health council to advise the government on public health issues and to review the policies of other agencies for their impact on the national health, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine.

More reliable funding, improved organisation, and better coordination with other government agencies are needed, says the report. It urges public health agencies to develop public and private sector partnerships to work with the present system and devise new …
Risk of diabetes in patients treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Authors: Yongin Cho, EunYeong Choe, Yong-Ho Lee, Ji Won Seo, Younjeong Choi, Yujung Yun, Hye Jin Wang, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Eun Seok Kang
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Basic structure-function relations of the epicardial coronary vascular tree. Basis of quantitative coronary arteriography for diffuse coronary artery disease.
Authors: C Seiler, R L Kirkeeide, K L Gould
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Quantitative coronary arteriography has been validated for stenotic segments of coronary arteries. However, it does not currently account for diffuse coronary artery disease, because the normal size of the coronary artery for its distal myocardial bed size is not known and cannot be measured directly with diffuse involvement of the artery. METHODS AND RESULTS From clinical coronary arteriograms of 12 patients without coronary artery disease (group 1) and in 17 patients with coronary artery disease (group 2), we determined by quantitative coronary arteriography 1) the relations among measured coronary artery cross-sectional lumen area, summed distal branch lengths, and regional myocardial mass distal to each point in each coronary artery; 2) the ratio of coronary artery lumen area between parent and daughter vessels at 50 bifurcations; and 3) which of three different theoretical physical principles could underlie the tree structure of the human coronary artery system, by comparing the coronary artery size, branch lengths, regional mass, and relations between parent-to-daughter lumen area ratios with those for the different theoretical physical principles to test which principle best fit the observed data and therefore which principle most probably characterizes the human coronary artery tree structure. The results showed that 1) there is a close correlation between the lumen area of a coronary artery at each point along its length and the corresponding summed distal branch lengths and regional myocardial mass in patients without and with coronary artery disease; 2) measured coronary artery lumen area in patients with coronary artery disease is diffusely 30-50% too small for distal myocardial bed size compared with normal subjects; and 3) the observed relations among coronary artery size, distal summed lengths, myocardial bed size, and parent-to-daughter size ratios are not consistent with the theoretical principle of constant mean blood flow velocity in the coronary circulation but are consistent with the principles of minimum viscous energy loss and of limited/adaptive vascular wall shear stress characterized by a 2/3 power law relating coronary artery lumen area to distal summed branch lengths and regional mass or parent-to-daughter branching ratios. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide a basis for quantifying diffuse coronary artery disease on clinical arteriograms.
Elegy for a Lost Toe
Authors: Judy Neri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ad Libitum15 April 1998Elegy for a Lost ToeJudy Neri, PhDJudy Neri, PhDSilver Spring, MD 20901-3111Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I paid little mindto this humble familiar,one toe of ten,now the third to go.This little piggy brought methe first pinch of love:It taught methe real numbers,the bottom line of floor,the mystery of earthand the pain of thorn and gravel.Now it teaches methe numbness of death,and how muchI have yet to lose. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Silver Spring, MD 20901-3111Corresponding Author: Judy Neri, PhD, 221 Indian Spring Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901-3111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1998Volume 128, Issue 8Page: 629 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Variable participation of 5-HT1-like receptors and 5-HT2 receptors in serotonin-induced contraction of human isolated coronary arteries. 5-HT1-like receptors resemble cloned 5-HT1D beta receptors.
Authors: A J Kaumann, M Frenken, H Posival, A M Brown
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Serotonin may contract human large coronary arteries through two 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2. These 5-HT1-like receptors resemble both cloned 5-HT1D receptor subtypes, 5-HT1D alpha and 5-HT 1D beta. Although these subtypes have similar pharmacology, 5-HT1D beta receptors appear to have lower affinity for ketanserin than 5-HT1D alpha receptors. We assessed the relative participation of 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptors and attempted to identify whether vasoconstrictor 5-HT1-like receptors are 5-HT1D alpha or 5-HT1D beta. METHODS AND RESULTS Epicardial coronary arteries were dissected from the hearts of 29 patients (including 1 healthy (donor) undergoing heart transplant operation. Endothelium-denuded strips were set up to contract at 37 degrees C. To assess the relative contributions of 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptors, we blocked the latter with ketanserin (0.1 to 1.0 mumol/L) and ketanserin-resistant receptors with methiothepin (0.1 mumol/L). Concentration-effect curves for 5-HT, in the absence and presence of ketanserin, were analyzed by using a model for two receptor subtypes. The fractional contributions of 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptors to the maximum effect of 5-HT, f1 and f2, were estimated in arteries from 28 patients: f1 (0.71 +/- 0.20, mean +/- SD) was significantly larger than f2 (0.29 +/- 0.20) (P &lt; .0001). Using [3H]-serotonin to label transfected and expressed receptors, we verified that ketanserin has lower affinity for 5-HT1D beta (pKi [-log Ki, mol/L] less than 5.0) than for 5-HT1D alpha (pKi = 7.1 +/- 0.1) receptors. A concentration of ketanserin (1 mumol/L) that would occupy more than 90% of 5-HT1D alpha receptors failed to block 5-HT-induced contractions (4 patients). The 5-HT1-like receptor stimulant sumatriptan evoked maximal contractions that matched f1 and was equipotent with 5-HT through 5-HT1-like receptors (8 patients). No systematic influence of disease, atheroma, or therapy on f1 and f2 was detected. CONCLUSIONS Coronary artery contractile 5-HT1-like receptors resemble cloned 5-HT1D beta receptors and predominate over 5-HT2 receptors in mediating serotonin-evoked contractions. Sumatriptan contracts coronary arteries as a full agonist through 5-HT1-like receptors.
Faecal calprotectin: an audit to determine its clinical and cost effectiveness at north tees and hartlepool NHS trust
Authors: T. Hornung, G. A. Anwar
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Measurement of faecal calprotectin represents a surrogate marker of neutrophil influx into the bowel lumen, and in turn acts as a marker of intestinal inflammation. The authors aimed to determine whether faecal calprotectin testing results in changes in treatment strategy, and whether it is cost effective. <h3>Methods</h3> A list of faecal calprotectin specimens analysed between January 2009 and April 2010 was obtained. Patient notes were reviewed by two different specialty trainees in gastroenterology to determine (1) indication for calprotectin testing, (2) result, that is, within the normal range or high, (3) outcome following the result, in terms of diagnosis made and changes in treatment strategy and (4) whether an endoscopy was avoided as a result of calprotectin testing. A basic cost analysis was performed by calculating the total cost of the analysis of the faecal calprotectin specimens versus the total cost of the colonoscopies ‘avoided’ by calprotectin testing. <h3>Results</h3> 40 patients who had a calprotectin test in the trust were included. The test was performed in two groups of patients: (1) Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown cause to help differentiate between functional and organic disease and aid in diagnosis (22 patients, or 55%). (2) Patients known to have IBD as a marker of the disease activity (18 patients, or 44%). The proportion of patients with a positive faecal calprotectin in the second group (ie, IBD patients, marker of disease activity) was 61%, compared to only 9% in the first group (p&lt;0.001 using χ<sup>2</sup> test, DF1). Within the first group 17 subjects had a colonoscopy performed prior to the calprotectin test, which was completely normal in 13 (76%). Of these patients none had a positive faecal calprotectin. The use of faecal calprotectin testing in the second group of patients resulted in a change in treatment strategy in 12 out of 18 patients (67%), compared to 0 out of 22 patients (0%) in the first group (p&lt;0.001 using χ<sup>2</sup> test, DF1). Colonoscopy was avoided in 8 patients directly as the result of faecal calprotectin testing. The tariff for day case colonoscopy at North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust is £515. The cost of one faecal calprotectin test is £45.37. Thus the overall cost saving for this cohort of patients is £2305.20. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Faecal calprotectin helps to guide management and results in appropriate changes in treatment strategy when measured in patients known to have IBD as a marker of disease activity. When measured in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms to help support a diagnosis of IBS it is almost always negative, especially when the patient has had a preceding normal colonoscopy, and does not result in changes in treatment strategy. A faecal calprotectin test costs considerably less than a colonoscopy, and is cost effective.
497 PATTERN OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY: THE IMPACT OF AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANATE ON SEVERITY OF CLINICAL COURSE
Authors: A. Licata, C. Randazzo, G. Butera, M. Cappello, V. Calvaruso, A. Calì, A. Craxì, P.L. Almasio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Fructose leads to hepatic steatosis in zebrafish that is reversed by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition
Authors: Valerie Sapp, Leah Gaffney, Steven F. EauClaire, Randolph P. Matthews
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the accumulation of lipid within hepatocytes, is increasing in prevalence. Increasing fructose consumption correlates with this increased prevalence, and rodent studies directly support fructose leading to NAFLD. The mechanisms of NAFLD and in particular fructose-induced lipid accumulation remain unclear, although there is evidence for a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress. We have evidence that NAFLD models demonstrate activation of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (Torc1) pathway. We set out to assess the contribution of ER stress, oxidative stress, and Torc1 up-regulation in the development of steatohepatitis in fructose-treated larval zebrafish. Zebrafish were treated with fructose or glucose as a calorie-matched control. We also treated larvae with rapamycin, tunicamycin (ER stress), or valinomycin (oxidative stress). Fish were stained with oil red O to assess hepatic lipid accumulation, and we also performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)and western blot analysis. We performed immunostaining on samples from patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Treatment with fructose induced hepatic lipid accumulation, mitochondrial abnormalities, and ER defects. In addition, fructose-treated fish showed activation of inflammatory and lipogenic genes. Treatment with tunicamycin or valinomycin also induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Expression microarray studies of zebrafish NAFLD models showed an elevation of genes downstream of Torc1 signaling. Rapamycin treatment of fructose-treated fish prevented development of hepatic steatosis, as did treatment of tunicamycin- or valinomycin-treated fish. Examination of liver samples from patients with hepatic steatosis demonstrated activation of Torc1 signaling. Fructose treatment of larval zebrafish induces hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that Torc1 activation is required for hepatic lipid accumulation across models of NAFLD, and in patients.
Why blame the pill?
Authors: H A Mackay
Journal: BMJ (1978)

could be evaluated as even better.As the possibility for iatrogenic damage after intra- articular cortisone injections has been reported2-'i to be higher than was observed after intra-articular or especially intra- muscular glycosaminoglycan polysulphate therapy it seems justified to suggest this treatment in cases of painful knee joints after sports trauma and strenuous exercise.
Disturbance in respiratory mechanics in infants with bronchiolitis.
Authors: S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Letters to the Editor patibility.The temporal relation in the fall in PEF and arterial oxygen tension during haemodialysis, confirmed by Dr Wu and his colleagues, supports our initial contention that changes in PEF may be due to the activation of inflammatory mediators con- sequent on the activation of complement, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets after the blood-dialyser interaction, resulting in an increase in pulmonary arteriolar tone and ventilation-perfusion mismatch and a reduc- tion in tissue oxygen delivery.'This is sup- ported by data obtained during the reuse of cuprophan dialysers, when the expected fall in PEF' and arterial oxygen tension and increase in platelet activation were much less than when the dialyser was used the first time.3
Research Ethics, Children
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progesterone implants enhance SIV vaginal transmission and early virus load
Authors: Preston A. Marx, Alexander I. Spira, Agegnehu Gettie, Peter J. Dailey, Ronald S. Veazey, Andrew A. Lackner, C. James Mahoney, Christopher J. Miller, Lee E. Claypool, David D. Ho, Nancy J. Alexander
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Improving workforce is crucial to viability of Europe's health services, commission says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The European Commission has launched a consultative green paper setting out the challenges that it thinks national health services will face in the coming decades, particularly with regard to workforce issues.

The 15 page document aims “to increase the visibility of the issues facing the EU health workforce, to generate a clearer picture of the extent to which local and/or national health managers face the same challenges and to provide a better basis for considering what could be done at EU level to address these problems effectively.”

The commission says that, against …
Image-guided and tumor-targeted drug delivery with radiolabeled unimolecular micelles
Authors: Jintang Guo, Hao Hong, Guojun Chen, Sixiang Shi, Qifeng Zheng, Yin Zhang, Charles P. Theuer, Todd E. Barnhart, Weibo Cai, Shaoqin Gong
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
"Supernormal conduction" of a premature impulse utilizing the fast pathway in a patient with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.
Authors: P Denes, C R Wyndham, D Wu, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Electrophysiological studies with atrial extrastimulus technique suggested the presence of dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways in a patient with hypothyroidism, as evidenced by a sudden increase of H1-H2 intervals at critical A1-A2 coupling intervals. Following the atrial extrastimulus (A2), a third impulse (A3) occurred spontaneously. During slow pathway conduction of A2, and A3, appearing at a critically timed interval allowed fast pathway conduction, resulting in an earlier than expected QRS (a form of supernormal conduction). This demonstration of fast pathway conduction during slow pathway conduction adds strong evidence for the existence of dual A-V nodal pathways.
823 The CDK2 inhibitor CYC202 (R-roscovitine) inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in rat liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: P STARKEL, C SEMPOUX, C DESAEGER, E LEGRAND, Y HORSMANS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Kinesin and ncd (non-claret disjunctional) are microtubule associated motor proteins which share several structural features: both motors are dimers; each monomer is composed of a stalk region, a cargo binding domain and a motor domain; the motor domains have ∼41% sequence identity. Despite these similarities the two motors have strikingly different movement properties: kinesin is a plus-end directed molecular motor, while ncd is minus-end directed. Here we compare the structure and the microtubule-binding properties of these oppositely directed molecular motors. We determined the three-dimensional structure of tubulin sheets decorated with the motor domains of either kinesin or ncd to a resolution of <20 Å by negative stain electron microscopy and tilt series reconstruction. Comparisons with a control structure of tubulin alone revealed that in both cases the motor domain binds to the outer crest of a single protofilament making contacts with both α and β tubulin. Despite their opposite directionality, the geometry of attachment of the motor domain to the protofilament in the presence of AMP-PNP is very similar for both motors. These data rule out models for directionality which have the motors binding in an opposite orientation to the microtubules. Binding of the ncd as well as the kinesin motor domain appears to induce conformational changes in tubulin. This observation suggests an active role of tubulin in motor movement and/or in the determination of directionality.
Lung Aspiration in Pneumonia-Reply
Authors: Michael Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We read with interest and concern the letter of Dr Scott commenting on our investigation of the bacteriologic causes of pneumonia in a group of Navajo patients with community-acquired infections. The ethical considerations involved in this investigation were rigorously examined first by us and other physicians involved in the care of the Navajo patients to ensure appropriate safeguards for patients' rights and health. The protocol was then carefully scrutinized, and final approval was given by the Human Research Committee of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and by the Navajo Area Research Committee (made up of Navajo and Indian Health Service representatives). The latter is the final arbiter for any research done on the Indian reservation. This investigation was an attempt to improve the diagnostic methods used in pneumonia and to clarify and better understand the often confusing bacteriologic data of this disease.<sup>1</sup>It was
Calcium and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: APRIL STEMPIEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Calcium has a central role in regulating both cardiac automaticity and myocardial contractility. The ability of calcium to increase tension in normal myocardium is well known. These properties of calcium have led to its use in the setting of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, especially in the presence of electromechanical dissociation or asystole, but evidence of benefit from this therapy is lacking. During cardiac arrest, disturbances in the control of calcium movement in myocardium would likely result in elevations in cytosolic calcium and the disturbances in myocardial function that occur with calcium overload. Administration of calcium and the subsequent elevation in serum calcium concentrations under these conditions may have further detrimental effects on the heart and vascular smooth muscle. The routine use of calcium in cardiac arrest is not recommended.
Immediate listing for liver transplantation did not differ from usual care for overall survival in stage B alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Jacob Korula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Vanlemmens C, Di Martino V, Milan C, et al. Immediate listing for liver transplantation versus standard care for Child-Pugh stage B alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:153-61. 19189904
Triiodothyronine (T3)-associated upregulation and downregulation of nuclear T3 binding in the human fibroblast cell (MRC-5)—Stimulation of malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase by insulin, but not by T3
Authors: Lars Erik Matzen, Søren Risom Kristensen, Jan Kvetny
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
ABC of oral health: Mouth ulcers and other causes of orofacial soreness and pain
Authors: Crispian Scully, Rosemary Shotts
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Mouth ulcers are common and are usually due to trauma such as from ill fitting dentures, fractured teeth, or fillings. However, patients with an ulcer of over three weeks' duration should be referred for biopsy or other investigations to exclude malignancy (see previous article) or other serious conditions such as chronic infections.

#### Main systemic and iatrogenic causes of oral ulcers

Microbial disease 

Cutaneous disease 

Malignant neoplasms 

Blood disorders 

Gastrointestinal disease 

Rheumatoid diseases 

Drugs 

Radiotherapy 

Ulcers related to trauma usually resolve in about a week after removal of the cause and use of benzydamine hydrochloride 0.15% mouthwash or spray (Difflam) to provide symptomatic relief and chlorhexidine 0.2% aqueous mouthwash to maintain good oral hygiene.



### Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (aphthae, canker sores)

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis typically starts in childhood or adolescence with recurrent small, round, or ovoid ulcers with circumscribed margins, erythematous haloes, and yellow or grey floors. It affects at least 20% of the population, and its natural course is one of eventual remission. There are three main clinical types:



Minor aphthous ulceration (top) and major aphthous ulceration (bottom)



Some cases …