tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uveitis: Immunologic and Allergic Phenomena
Authors: James D. Kingham
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book is a translation of the Annual Report of La Société Française d'Ophthalmologie of May 1970. The original report was a collaboration of nine French authors and represents basic knowledge of immunologic phenomena and uveitis current at that time. The book has five parts. Part 1, "Immunopathology of the Uvea," describes the reaction of the host to antigenic aggression. Guidelines of hypersensitivity states are established, as is the process of autoimmunity. Since most uveitides are believed to have some dependence on hypersensitivity, these principles seem a basis for discussion of specific disease states throughout the book. Part 2, "Clinical and Anatomopathological Studies of Uveitis," discusses techniques of examination and clinical findings in uveitis. The third part, "Elements of Etiologic Diagnosis," describes in detail the work-up of a patient with uveitis. Here, as elsewhere, the authors emphasize that treatment of uveitis is most effective if the causative disease process is
Effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous salicylic acid penetration in human skin: in vivo pharmacokinetics using microdialysis and non-invasive quantification of barrier function
Authors: None BENFELDT, None SERUP, None MENNÉ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We have used microdialysis in the dermis for assessing penetration kinetics of salicylic acid (SA) in healthy volunteers (n = 18), following application on the volar aspect of the left forearm. Penetration was monitored at four locations: in normal (unmodified) skin and in skin with perturbed barrier function from (i) repeated tape stripping (ii) irritant dermatitis from 1 or 2% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) for 24 h and (iii) delipidization by acetone. The order of the treatments was randomized according to a latin square design. Epidermal barrier function and skin irritation were assessed in each location using evaporimetry and colorimetry. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values confirmed that both mild (acetone), moderate (1% SLS) and severe barrier damage (tape stripping and 2% SLS) had occurred. Microdialysis sampling with two parallel probes in the dermis was performed in each of the four treatment areas for every subject. SA (5% in ethanol) was applied in a chamber glued to the skin overlying the microdialysis probes and sampling was continued for 4 h. SA was detectable in all samples and measurable in all samples from penetration through perturbed skin. Comparing the SA penetration in barrier-perturbed skin with the penetration in unmodified skin in the same subject, the mean SA penetration increase was 2.2-fold in acetone-treated skin (P = 0.012), 46-fold in mild dermatitis and 146- and 157-fold in severe dermatitis and tape stripped skin, respectively (P < 0.001). The penetration of SA significantly correlated with the measurements of barrier perturbation by TEWL (P = 0.01) and erythema (P = 0.02) for each individual. Microdialysis sampling of SA penetration was more sensitive than non-invasive measuring techniques in detecting significant barrier perturbation in acetone-treated skin. A positive dose–response relationship for the percutaneous penetration of SA in response to increasing SLS pretreatment concentrations and thus the degree of irritant dermatitis was found. When analysing data by location on the forearm, a tendency towards an intraregional variation in the reactivity to barrier damage was found, with the most proximal location displaying higher reactivity scores than the most distal location in response to the same barrier perturbation procedures. The penetration of SA was not significantly different between locations. In conclusion, using microdialysis in the dermis to obtain real-time dermal pharmacokinetics in the target organ, this study demonstrates highly increased and differentiated cutaneous penetration of SA in barrier-perturbed skin. The measured drug penetration was demonstrated to correlate with non-invasive quantification of barrier damage.
Succinylcholine and Pseudocholinesterase
Authors: Renate D. Kimbrough
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  With the intensified use of organophosphorous insecticides by the general population and the increasing use of succinylcholine in general as well as in dental surgery, we would like to point out a problem that has come to our attention.  Humans as well as other species have a specific acetylcholinesterase that is present at the cholinergic junctions of the nervous system and can be measured in red blood cells. In addition, pseudocholinesterase, a plasma enzyme, has no known physiological role but is essential for the rapid degradation of succinylcholine, a muscle relaxant. Levels of this enzyme can be depressed as a result of hepatocellular disease, or exposure to anticholinesterase agents such as the organophosphorous pesticides (Parathion, DDVP, Methylparathion, Demeton). A low plasma pseudocholinesterase level will increase sensitivity to succinylcholine, cause prolonged postoperative apnea, and may result in death from respiratory failure.  Pseudocholinesterase catabolizes several drugs used in anesthesia
Is there a role for “climatotherapy” in the sustainable development of mental health?
Authors: Martin Desseilles, Catherine Duclos, Valérie Flohimont, François Desseilles
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Climate, diet, lifestyle, and environmental settings have all been shown to modulate mood, play a role in mental disorders, and even pose a mental health risk. Can climatotherapy, in its adaptive approach aiming to restore balance among the economic, social, and ecological realms of human societies, situate itself as a therapeutic avenue for the promotion of sustainable mental health?
In Vitro Antibody-Enzyme Conjugates with Specific Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Daniel M. Knowles, Timothy J. Sullivan, Charles W. Parker, Ralph C. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

IgG with antibacterial antibody opsonic activity was isolated from rabbit antisera produced by intravenous hyperimmunization with several test strains of pneumococci, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Antibody-enzyme conjugates were prepared, using diethylmalonimidate to couple glucose oxidase to IgG antibacterial antibody preparations. Opsonic human IgG obtained from serum of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis was also conjugated to glucose oxidase. Antibody-enzyme conjugates retained combining specificity for test bacteria as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. In vitro test for bactericidal activity of antibody-enzyme conjugates utilized potassium iodide, lactoperoxidase, and glucose as cofactors. Under these conditions glucose oxidase conjugated to antibody generates hydrogen peroxide, and lactoperoxidase enzyme catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with simultaneous oxidation of I(-) and halogenation and killing of test bacteria. Potent in vitro bactericidal activity of this system was repeatedly demonstrated for antibody-enzyme conjugates against pneumococci, streptococci, S. aureus, P. mirabilis, and E. coli. However, no bactericidal effect was demonstrable with antibody-enzyme conjugates and two test strains of P. aeruginosa. Bactericidal activity of antibody-enzyme conjugates appeared to parallel original opsonic potency of unconjugated IgG preparations. Antibody-enzyme conjugates at concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/ml were capable of intense bactericidal activity producing substantial drops in surviving bacterial counts within 30-60 min after initiation of assay. These in vitro bactericidal systems indicate that the concept of antibacterial antibody-enzyme conjugates may possibly be adaptable as a mechanism for treatment of patients with leukocyte dysfunction or fulminant bacteremia.
Prenatal serological diagnosis of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection.
Authors: I Lange, C H Rodeck, P Morgan-Capner, A Simmons, H O Kangro
Journal: BMJ (1982)

on rechallenge with enalapril in case 2, and was troublesome enough to require captopril treatment to be stopped in case 3. Doctors treating patients with converting-enzyme inhibitors should be aware of the potential occurrence of this side effect.
Cardiac Extracellular Potentials
Authors: MADISON S. SPACH, ROGER C. BARR, EDWARD A. JOHNSON, J. Mailen KOOTSEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Extracellular recordings of normal action potentials, action potentials at reduced temperature, and action potentials initiated when the membrane was partially depolarized due to elevated extracellular potassium were made at varying distances from the surface of Purkinje strands of the dog left ventricle. As the electrode was withdrawn from the surface, the time between the positive and negative peaks increased; the amplitude of the simple biphasic wave form decreased markedly at first, and, thereafter, it decreased more gradually. The extracellular wave forms could be described by a single equation for all distances right up to the membrane surface even in the presence of interventions which drastically changed the intracellular potential and the conduction velocity. Wave forms of extracellular potentials at varying distances from the strand were computed from intracellular potentials and showed good agreement with the measured wave forms. Most major bundles in the dog conduction system have polyphasic extracellular wave forms rather than the relatively simple kind characteristic of the single strand. By using the equation that describes how the extracellular potential about a single strand varies as a function of distance, it was shown that the recorded polyphasic wave forms of the bundle studied resulted from the superposition of potentials from a number of asynchronously excited strands situated at varying distances from the recording electrode instead of from an underlying complex intracellular action potential. Extracellular recordings were chosen over intracellular recordings for this study, because they can indicate the presence of more than one excitation wave in a single record, thus permitting the resolution of the sequence of activation of the conduction system to its most elementary level.
Exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in children with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Silvia Carraro, Massimo Corradi, Stefania Zanconato, Rossella Alinovi, Maria Francesca Pasquale, Franco Zacchello, Eugenio Baraldi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Right Ventricular Geometry and Tricuspid Valve Tethering Area in Patients Undergoing Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Kai-Hang Yiu, Arthur Wong, Lijun Pu, Man-Fung Chiang, Ko-Yung Sit, Daniel Chan, Hou-Yee Lee, Yui-Ming Lam, Yan Chen, Chung-Wah Siu, Chu-Pak Lau, Wing-Kok Au, Hung-Fat Tse
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Patients who undergo tricuspid annuloplasty during left-side heart valve surgery have a poor postoperative clinical outcome. However, preoperative right ventricular (RV) echocardiography parameters that predict adverse events in these patients are poorly understood. Methods and Results— We studied 74 patients (age, 58±10 years; men, 27%) with significant tricuspid regurgitation who consequently underwent tricuspid annuloplasty during left-side heart valve surgery. A total of 26 adverse events (22 heart failures and 4 cardiovascular deaths) occurred during a median follow-up of 26 months. RV midcavity diameter (hazard ratio=2.44; 95% confidence interval=1.48–4.02; P &lt;0.01), RV longitudinal dimension (hazard ratio=1.64; 95% confidence interval=1.10–2.45; P =0.02), and tricuspid valve tethering area (hazard ratio=3.25; 95% confidence interval=1.71–6.19; P &lt;0.01) were independently associated with adverse events after adjustment for age and New York Heart Association class III/IV. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that RV midcavity diameter (area under the curve=0.74; P &lt;0.01) and tricuspid valve tethering area (area under the curve=0.70; P =0.04) were most associated with adverse events at the 1-year follow-up. The presence of either a large RV midcavity diameter or tricuspid valve tethering area was predictive of adverse outcome at 1 year after tricuspid annuloplasty. Conclusions— The present study demonstrates that RV geometry dimensions, namely RV midcavity diameter and tricuspid valve tethering area, are important preoperative measures associated with adverse events in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty.
The role of fibroblast growth factor-2 in the vascular effects of interleukin-1β in porcine coronary arteries in vivo
Authors: A ITO, H SHIMOKAWA, Y FUKUMOTO, T KADOKAMI, R NAKAIKE, T TAKAYANAGI, K EGASHIRA, K SUEISHI, A TAKESHITA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

We recently demonstrated that chronic treatment with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), a major inflammatory cytokine found in atherosclerotic lesions, induces coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses to serotonin and histamine in pigs in vivo and that those responses are partially mediated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). This study was designed to examine, first, whether the effects of IL-1 beta are also partially mediated by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), which is another important growth factor in atherosclerotic lesions, and, secondly, whether chronic treatment with FGF-2 per se also induces histological and functional changes in porcine coronary arteries in vivo.Porcine coronary arteries were aseptically wrapped with cotton mesh absorbing IL-1 beta with or without neutralizing antibody to FGF-2. In a separate series of experiments porcine coronary arteries were chronically treated with FGF-2 itself in the same manner. Coronary vascular responses in vivo and histological changes were examined 2 weeks after the operation.Coronary vasospastic responses to serotonin and histamine and neointimal formation were induced at the site of the coronary artery where IL-1 beta was chronically and locally applied. These responses were significantly suppressed by co-treatment with a neutralizing antibody to FGF-2 but not by that with non-immune IgG. Immunostaining revealed the presence of FGF-2 in the endothelial cells, the thickened intima and the media at the IL-1 beta-treated site. Furthermore, chronic treatment with FGF-2 also induced coronary vasospastic responses to serotonin and histamine and neointimal formation.These results suggest that the vascular effects of IL-1 beta may also be mediated by FGF-2 in our swine model and that chronic treatment with FGF-2 also causes coronary arteriosclerotic changes and vasospastic responses in vivo.
Association of Apolipoprotein E E4 With Vascular Dementia
Authors: Giovanni B. Frisoni, Angelo Bianchetti, Stefano Govoni, Marco Trabucchi, Laura Calabresi, Guido Franceschini
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —It has recently been found that the frequency of the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apo E) is increased (about threefold) in familial and sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). 1 Apolipoprotein E is encoded by a single gene on chromosome 19; a common polymorphism is determined by alleles E2 , E3 , and E4 . The frequency of apo E E4 is around 0.10 to 0.16 in the general elderly population, and 0.36 to 0.48 in late-onset AD patients. This observation has given rise to a number of ethical and scientific questions regarding the necessity and meaning of apo E phenotyping in the general population. However, the specificity of risk is unknown.  We assessed the frequency of apo E alleles in 87 AD and 21 vascular dementia patients and in 51 elderly hyperlipidemic nondemented controls. Diagnosis of probable AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score, 10.4 [SD,
B cells immortalized by a mini–Epstein-Barr virus encoding a foreign antigen efficiently reactivate specific cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Andreas Moosmann, Naeem Khan, Mark Cobbold, Caroline Zentz, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Gabi Hollweck, Andrew D. Hislop, Neil W. Blake, Debbie Croom-Carter, Barbara Wollenberg, Paul A. H. Moss, Reinhard Zeidler, Alan B. Rickinson, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
Journal: Blood (2002)
Staphylococcal Infections of the Heart
Authors: SIDNEY COHEN
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The basic problems of staphylococcal infections do not seem near to solution. Possibly an effective and safe antibiotic will be found to which resistant, pathogenic staphylococcal mutants will not appeal. This may, not be an overly sanguine hope. Had it not been for the ability of the staphylococcus to synthesize penicillinase, this goal would have been achieved already, for staphylococcal mutants pathogenic to man and intrinsically resistant to penicillin (i.e., without the production of penicillinase) have not been reported. Even with better antibiotics grave problems would remain, however, for the staphylococcus often inflicts severe or even irremediable damage, especially in the heart, before the disease can be diagnosed. Prevention is the crucial problem. Refinements in isolation technics and hospital sanitation may improve the protection of the patient in the operating room and the newborn infant in the nursery. Nevertheless, the hard core of infections in debilitated or otherwise susceptible medical patients will probably remain. To help them it will be necessary to learn to restore the mechanisms of normal host resistance that have been depleted by disease.
THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY BY DELAYED PHASE CORNEAL LIMBAL LYMPHOID FOCI
Authors: Howard M. I. Leibowitz, James J. Parks
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The intracorneal inoculation of a sufficient quantity of a soluble protein antigen into the eye of a rabbit produces a biphasic allergic reaction in that cornea. The earlier stage, characterized by a diffuse corneal clouding, is a manifestation of delayed hypersensitivity and is accompanied by a limbal infiltrate composed predominantly of lymphocytic-mononuclear elements. The later response, known as the Wessely Phenomenon, is a ring of opacification in the cornea which is visible in the gross. This reaction is dependent upon the presence of specific circulating antibodies and is therefore classified among the immediate types of hypersensitivity. It is accompanied by a dense limbal infiltration of plasma cells. Intervening between the two reactions is a period of several days during which the eye appears relatively normal. Explants containing large numbers of infiltrating lymphocytic-mononuclear elements were removed from the corneal-scleral junction of experimental eyes during the height of the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and maintained in vitro in tissue culture. At a later date the overlay fluid in which the explants were maintained was shown to contain specific humoral antibodies, demonstrating the capability of cells present at a delayed reaction for the later production of antibodies. The possible linkage of the two modes of immune phenomena is discussed.
STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN LOCAL HEMORRHAGIC RESPONSE (SHWARTZMAN-LIKE REACTION) OF MICE TO A SINGLE INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Margaret G. Kelly, Norman H. Smith, Isidore Wodinsky, David P. Rall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

A survey of inbred strains of mice was made to determine whether the phenomenon of dermal hemorrhagic necrosis, as described in rabbits by Shwartzman, could be elicited in mice by bacterial polysaccharide preparations of demonstrated activity in rabbits. The polysaccharide preparations used were obtained from cultures of S. marcescens, S. typhosa, Ps. aeruginosa, and H. pertussis. Ten of the strains tested were unreactive. Three strains of mice and one F(1) hybrid subline developed a hemorrhagic lesion at the site of injection of a single, relatively high intradermal dose of polysaccharide. Some increase in incidence of hemorrhagic lesions was obtained when the intradermal dose was followed in 24 hours by an intravenous injection. In the gross and microscopically, the skin lesion produced in mice resembled the Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. An adrenergic blocking agent, SY-28, and an anticoagulant drug, coumadin, both of which block the dermal Shwartzman reaction in rabbits, also blocked the hemorrhagic skin reaction in mice.
Striving for a More Perfect Peer Review
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abu Mustapha Hassim
Authors: C. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Barnet General Hospital and honorary lecturer Royal Free Hospital, London, 1974-93 (b Johannesburg, South Africa, 1931; q University of Witwatersrand 1955; BSc, FICS, FRCOG), died from a heart attack on 14 September 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After his MRCOG he worked as subchief at Baragwanath Hospital, but the indignities and inequality of life in South Africa prompted him to return to London. He was then appointed by the Department of Overseas Development as a consultant at Lusaka Hospital, Zambia. His particular interest was in vesicovaginal fistulae. He wrote many articles in international journals and he was a co-author of the book Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the Tropics and Developing Countries. He returned to Britain in 1973 and spent happy years at Barnet General Hospital. He leaves a wife, Cynthia; four children; and five grandchildren.
TCT-250 Predictors of In Stent Restenosis by Optical Coherence Tomography Derived Tissue Characterization In The Novel In Stent Neointimal Hyperplasia Model Of Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine
Authors: Piotr Buszman, Taylor Palmieri, Maxwell Afari, Armando Tellez, Yanping Cheng, Jong Shiuan Yeh, Seung-Jin Oh, Greg Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)