tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine weighing in pregnancy.
Authors: M. G. Dawes, J. Green, H. Ashurst
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Routine weighing of women in pregnancy has been a part of formal antenatal care since its inception more than 50 years ago.' Like other aspects of antenatal screening, however, weighing has largely escaped the critical assessment to which more recently introduced screening procedures have been subject.2Doubts have recently been raised about the efficacy and desirability of continuing to weigh all pregnant women at every antenatal appointment.'II The reasons for routine weighing are unclear: not only have different reasons for its use been advanced at different times and by different people but none has been supported by convincing theoretical or clinical evidence.Some of the commonest justifications for weighing are discussed below.Maternal Nutrition-The initial aim of routine weighing was to monitor maternal nutrition.However, even this limited role has not been evaluated.Regular weighing may be useful to monitor nutritional needs in Headgton, Oxford certain groups such as teenagers and women with M G Dawes,MB,general eating disorders, and perhaps in areas where there is practitiower severe malnutrition,5`7 but any wider role in assessing dietary needs in pregnancy seems doubtful.Conflicting National Perinatal and confusing views about what contitutes a "normal" Epidemiology Unit, Oxford weight gain in pregnancy also continue to cloud the J Green, MB, honorary issue.8research associate Pre-eclampsia-Early detection of pre-eclampsia H Ashurst, BSC, has for many years been one of the main reasons cited computing coordinator for regular weighing (and often weight reduction) in Correspondence to:pregnancy.8Though pre-eclampsia is associated with a Dr M G Dawes, 13 Barton higher than average weight gain in the second half of Lane, Headington, Oxford pregnancy, the weight gains in women with and OX3 9JR.without pre-eclampsia overlap to such an extent that the rate of weight gain in an individual woman is of
TRAUMATIC LESIONS OF THE OCULAR ADNEXAWITH REPORT OF A CASE OF CONTUSED WOUND OF THE EYEBROW, RESULTING IN COMPLETE MONOCULAR BLINDNESS UNACCOMPANIED BY OPHTHALMOSCOPIC CHANGES.
Authors: ELLET O. SISSON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Traumatic lesions of the ocular adnexa would include injuries of the eyebrow, eyelids, conjunctiva, orbital walls and soft parts of the orbit. This paper will deal more particularly with injuries of the eyebrows, orbital walls and soft parts of the orbit, as illustrated by the cases reported. Wounds of the superciliary region are of frequent occurrence, and when superficial and limited to the soft parts, are not usually serious, but they may be followed by disastrous consequences, and even by fatal results should they affect or extend to the underlying bones. If bone tissue is involved, osteitis, necrosis and fistulas may result. Suppuration of the orbital connective tissue is in all cases a serious complication of contusion of the superciliary region. Injury of the supraorbital nerve may produce craniofacial neuralgia, muscular twitchings in the facial region, trophic changes in the eye, and finally give rise to visual disturbances that are
An unusual case of trimethylaminuria
Authors: V. RUOCCO, M. FLORIO, F. GRIMALDI FILIOLI, V. GUERRERA, G. PROTA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A case is reported of trimethylaminuria that first developed in adulthood without any apparent cause. The patient developed a characteristic fish odour of his sweat, urine and to his breath after the consumption of choline‐rich foods. Elevated levels of trimethylamine were present in the urine after dietary tests and identified by means of gas chromatography.
190. Gene Delivery without Nonspecific Biological Response: Comprehensive Analysis of Cell Bioactivity Using a Novel Cationic Polymer- Based System
Authors: Kayo Masago, Keiji Itaka, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Shigeto Fukushima, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The safe and effective gene delivery system is one of the most important issues of gene therapy. Especially when it applied to treatment for nonlethal diseases, viral vectors should be avoided not to induce the immune responses, and sufficient non-viral systems are strongly demanded. Many kinds of cationic lipids and cationic polymers have been studied, however, the problems such as cytotoxicity or instability under the physiological conditions are not completely resolved. Moreover, the mechanisms from DNA uptake to gene expression inside cells and the cell response which may affect the mechanisms still remains unclear. If they are elucidated, it will contribute to determine the adequate physicochemical and biological properties of gene carrier. From this standpoint, we investigate the cellular uptake of DNA, mRNA expression, and the protein synthesis by quantitative analysis. Our newly developed cationic polymer, poly (2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino] ethyl aspartamide) (PAsp(DET): the degree of polymerization was 98) (ChemMedChem 2006, in press) used as well as polyethylenimine (linear or branched: LPEI, BPEI) was designed to have plural cationic groups with distinctive pKa in the side chain. By this unique feature, it enabled both sufficient complexation with DNA and the endosome buffering capacity. By PAsp(DET), comparable gene expressions to PEI were achieved. In contrast, the duration of gene expression was long in PAsp(DET), especially when it was evaluated as the mRNA expression of the transfected gene. Similarly, the pDNA uptake showed time-dependent increase, and the discrepancy between PAsp(DET) and PEI was enlarged time-dependently. To investigate S74 the mechanisms of prolonged DNA uptake and gene expression by PAsp(DET), the cell function was analyzed from the viewpoint of cell bioactivity. The mRNA expression of various house-keeping genes evaluated by real time PCR remained constant after transfection by PAsp(DET). In contrast, LPEI showed remarkable decrease in the expression. Moreover, the gene expression profiling by cDNA arrays revealed PAsp(DET) affected the endogenous gene expression to much lesser extent than PEIs. Interestingly, cell viability evaluated by MTT assay showed no significant difference among the polymers. Therefore, it was indicated PEIs might affect homeostasis and metabolism inside the cells, though not causing the life-threatening hazard. In contrast, PAsp(DET) had the special advantage to avoid nonspecific biological response. This advantage is considered to be particularly crucial when it is used for normal cells, not pathological cells such as cancer cells. So far, we have achieved transfection to various kinds of primary cells without any serious influence on the cells. PAsp(DET) will be a promising gene delivery system toward normal cells, tissue, and organs for treatment of nonlethal diseases.
Radical prostatectomy reduced mortality and disease progression over the long term more than watchful waiting in early prostate cancer
Authors: Steven E. Canfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club19 July 2011Radical prostatectomy reduced mortality and disease progression over the long term more than watchful waiting in early prostate cancerSteven E. Canfield, MDSteven E. Canfield, MDUniversity of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA (S.E.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Ruutu M, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1708-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21542742Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Filén F, et al; Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100:1144-54. [PMID: 18695132] Google Scholar2 Djulbegovic M, Beyth RJ, Neuberger MM, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2010;341:c4543. [PMID: 20843937] Google Scholar3 Draisma G, Boer R, Otto SJ, et al. Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:868-78. [PMID: 12813170] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven E. Canfield, MDAffiliations: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA (S.E.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 July 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRadical prostatectomy versus deferred treatment for localised prostate cancer 19 July 2011Volume 155, Issue 2Page: JC1-2KeywordsAbsolute risk reductionCancer screeningMortalityNumber needed to treatProstate cancerProstate diseasesProstatectomyRadical prostatectomyRandomized trialsSurgery ePublished: 19 July 2011 Issue Published: 19 July 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Long term mortality after starvation during the Leningrad siege: No evidence that starvation around puberty causes later cardiovascular disease
Authors: C Bell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In their study of survivors of the Leningrad siege Sparen et al present no evidence for a causal link between starvation around the age of puberty and later cardiovascular disease.1

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They allocate subjects to age groups 8 years or younger, 9-15 years, and 16-26 years on the basis of …

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Rehabilitation and Intraocular Telescopes
Authors: August Colenbrander, Donald C. Fletcher, A. Jan Berlin, Ronald J. Cole, Robert M. Christiansen, Eleanor Faye, Joseph Fontenot, Bert M. Glaser, Paul Homer, Mary Lou Jackson, Mary G. Lawrence, Samuel N. Markowitz, Lylas Mogk, Rebecca Morgan, Nelson Sabates, Sheila Santos-Jimenez, John Shepherd
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Dermographism (mechanical urticaria) mediated by IgM
Authors: T. HORIKO, T. AOKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Dermographism (mechanical urticaria) mediated by IgM Get access T. HORIKO, T. HORIKO Department of Dermatology, Habikino Hospital of Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Habikino‐3‐7‐1, Osaka 583, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. AOKI T. AOKI Department of Dermatology, Habikino Hospital of Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Habikino‐3‐7‐1, Osaka 583, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 5, 1 November 1984, Pages 545–550, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06623.x Published: 01 November 1984 Article history Accepted: 24 April 1984 Published: 01 November 1984
Comparative study of carcinoembryonic antigen in rheumatoid synovium, tumour, and normal adult lung.
Authors: A Unger, G S Panayi, N H Tidman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Material reacting like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the radioimmunoassay has been extracted from rheumatoid synovial membranes. This CEA activity has been compared to that found in hepatic metastases from colorectal tumours and in normal adult lung. The antigen in the rheumatoid synovium has been shown to be more sensitive to perchloric acid and to isolate with a lower weight than that derived from the tumour and lung. Immunodiffusion studies with anti-CEA indicate that the CEA-like determinants in the rheumatoid synovium have partial identity with tumour CEA and that a significant proportion of them are associated with large molecular weight material. Production of an antiserum to these CEA-like components in the rheumatoid synovium should enable further identification of their relationship to tumour CEA and might allow a better judgement of whether or not they represent the expression of neoantigens in the disease.
Another 'First' Exposed
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Having cast many stones at those who report "first," allegedly previously unreported observations, I now find myself living in a glass house. "A Dithyramb to the Dictionary" (239:2159, 1978) contains a transgression to which N. G. Demy of East Hampton, NY, calls attention in an eloquent letter. The letter reads: I beg to differ with your editorial that "No muse of the dictionary resided on Parnassus" and that "No poet dedicated an ode to a dictionary" or that "No chorus chanted paeans to a lexicographer." Franklin Pierce Adams did all that, and since you are unlikely to find him on the shelves of a library today, I give you his paeans of praise in "A Lexicographer's Love-Poem" in "Lines on Reading Frank J. Wilstach's 'A Dictionary of Similes' " (which should delight those interested in metaphors), and "To a Thesaurus." As for me, I'm with Alice who protested "What good is
Ginkgo biloba extract did not reduce risk for Alzheimer disease in elderly patients with memory complaints
Authors: Calvin Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Vellas B, Coley N, Ousset PJ, et al; GuidAge Study Group. Long-term use of standardised ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimers disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:851-9. 22959217
POST-INFLAMMATORY CUTIS LAXA AND AORTITIS (ACQUIRED SYSTEMIC ELASTOLYSIS)
Authors: T. HEYL, I. W. SIMSON, R. E. CRONJE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

A patient with post-inflammatory cutis laxa and primary aortitis is described. Certain cases of primary aortitis or post-inflammatory cutis laxa occurring per se can be considered as polar variations of the same disease.
ALTERATION OF EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION IN THE SYRIAN HAMSTER WITH THE AID OF CORTISONE
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman, Alice Fisher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Cortisone produces a significant enhancement of infection with MEF1 and Lansing strains of poliomyelitis virus in the Syrian hamster. The enhancement manifests itself in increased severity of symptoms, shortening of the incubation period, marked reduction in survival time and a high mortality rate. The effect of cortisone is protracted, the duration depending on the dose used. There is a reciprocal relationship between the dose of cortisone and the amount of virus, the larger the dose of the hormone, the smaller the amount of virus being necessary to produce the infection. An amount of virus of low infectivity causes amarked disease with a high mortality rate in hamsters receiving a single injection of 3 mg. of cortisone, while a dose as small as 2 mg. gives a highly fatal disease with a stronger concentration of the virus. There is a 2 log increase in the concentration of the virus in cortisone-treated hamsters. Hamsters from various sources seem to respond differently to the enhancing effect of cortisone, one breed showing no enhancement of the infection with the Lansing strain. Hormones other than cortisone, i.e., DCA, progesterone, diethylstilbestrol, and fast and slow acting ACTH injected repeatedly fail to modify the poliomyelitis infection in the hamster.
PAIN CAUSED BY POTASSIUM INTOXICATION IN A PATIENT WITH KIMMELSTIELWILSON SYNDROME
Authors: William E. S. James
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Hyperkalemia, described frequently in the literature, is characterized by such severe manifestations as generalized muscular weakness and paralysis, electrocardiographic changes representing toxicity to the myocardium, and death. In rare instances, potassium intoxication has caused severe paresthesia. This case report of hyperkalemia in a patient with Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome describes an unusual and previously unreported type of pain associated with potassium intoxication. The pain was controlled by administration of glucose and insulin and was easily reproduced by administration of excess potassium. This report also illustrates the possible occurrence of hyperkalemia after excessive administration of orange juice and meat broth in treatment of insulin reactions. REPORT OF A CASE <i>History</i>.—A 38-year-old white man was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Cleveland, on Feb. 27, 1951, with the chief complaint of swelling of the ankles of eight months' duration. During the previous three weeks, he had noted increased swelling of the extremities, puffiness of the
Gastrointestinal diseases in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation
Authors: G. Gravante, D. Delogu, D. Venditti
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The incidence of and risk factors for gastrointestinal diseases in patients awaiting liver transplantation are still a matter of debate. The article by Dr. Bresci and colleagues [1] indicates that cirrhosis is not a predisposing factor for gastrointestinal lesions, except for hypertensive variceal gastropathy and colopathy. We would like to confirm these findings on the basis of analysis of the experience at our transplant center.
Are Evening Surgeries Necessary?
Authors: C. T. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1964)

of facilities for routine screening of healthy women by cervical cytology at regular inter- vals.This matter vitally concerns clinical pathologists, and in most departments of clinical pathology there is already a service in exfoliative cytology for patients referred from many specialties, of which gynaecology is one."It is the opinion of the Council that any service in cervical cytology for healthy women should be regarded as preventive medicine and should be organized in collaboration with the hospital laboratory service, with which it should have the closest integration.The Council believe that cytological examinations and the training of technicians for this work must be in the hands of consultant pathologists.They believe it to be necessary to stress once more that a large proportion of hospital laboratories are already short of staff and accommodation, and it is clear that the implementation of the recommendations now being made about exfoliative cytology can only make matters worse.The appointment of extra staff and the provision of increased accommodation in hospital laboratories, which were already necessary, may now be expected to become even more urgent requirements."The Council wish to place these views on record, for they believe it to be vitally impor-
Hodgkin's Disease: The Consequences of Survival
Authors: David S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>Hodgkin's Disease: The Consequences of Survival</i>is an important publication and a timely one. Despite dramatic and successful management for patients with Hodgkin's disease, we are now realizing the late physical and psychosocial damage associated with staging and treating the disease. For many stages of Hodgkin's disease, there are therapeutic options. The future questions raised in light of both the immediate and late complications include not only the best way to stage and treat the disease, but also the best management with minimum immediate and late side effects. The majority of patients treated by the specialist are in younger age groups with many years at risk. The editors have organized separate chapters on the late sequelae of Hodgkin's disease, written by well-recognized authors. Attention is paid to all issues, including the late effects of therapy on all organ systems, the increased incidence of secondary malignancies, infections, and the psychosocial consequences
Nonviral Jet-Injection Gene Transfer for Efficient in Vivo Cytosine Deaminase Suicide Gene Therapy of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Wolfgang Walther, Ulrike Stein, Iduna Fichtner, Dennis Kobelt, Jutta Aumann, Franziska Arlt, Peter M. Schlag
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Jet-injection technology has developed into an efficient gene delivery system for nonviral in vivo gene transfer. In this study the jet-injector system was used for the intratumoral gene transfer of small volumes of naked DNA encoding the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) suicide gene. In our in vivo studies human colon carcinoma (patient-derived tumor model Colo5734 and SW480 colon carcinoma)-bearing NMRI-nu/nu male mice received four jet injections (10 microl per injection) of the CD-gene-carrying plasmid, representing 40 microg plasmid DNA per animal. Forty-eight hours after jet-injection, treatment of tumors with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC; 500 mg/kg ip) was started and during treatment tumor volumes were measured. Starting from day 5 of 5-FC treatment inhibition of tumor growth was seen in the CD-gene-transduced tumors compared to the respective control groups, which lasted for the entire observation time. Expression analysis at the mRNA and protein levels revealed efficient expression of the CD gene in the jet-injected tumors. Therefore, in this in vivo study jet-injection gene transfer of 40 microg CD-expressing naked plasmid DNA leads to a significant tumor growth inhibition. This study demonstrates the applicability of the jet-injection technology for in vivo gene transfer into tumors to achieve efficient tumor gene therapy.
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor suppresses the production of monocyte prostaglandin H synthase-2, prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases.
Authors: Y Zhang, D L DeWitt, T B McNeely, S M Wahl, L M Wahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor found in fluids lining mucosal surfaces. In addition to its primary function as an antiprotease, SLPI may also influence cellular functions associated with enzyme synthesis and retroviral infection. In this study, SLPI was examined for its effect on signaling events involved in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by monocytes. Addition of SLPI before stimulation with concanavalin A or LPS resulted in a significant inhibition of monocyte prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2), a pivotal enzyme in the PGE2-cAMP dependent pathway of monocyte MMP synthesis. Suppression of PGHS-2 was detected with 0.1 microg/ml of SLPI with a substantial inhibition at 1 and 10 micro/ml. Attenuation of PGHS-2 by SLPI was accompanied by decreased production of PGE2 resulting in the suppression of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) and gelatinase B (MMP-9) that was reversed by PGE2 or Bt2cAMP. The inhibitory effect of SLPI was largely independent of its antiprotease activity because SLPI muteins, with significantly lower antiprotease activity, also suppressed the induction of PGHS-2 and MMPs. The inhibitory effects of SLPI did not involve the modulation of monokine production since TNF-alpha and IL-10 were unaffected. These findings demonstrate that SLPI also functions as a potent antiinflammatory agent by interfering with the signal transduction pathway leading to monocyte MMP production.
Why won't doctors prescribe antiemetics in pregnancy?
Authors: R. Gadsby, T. Barnie-Adshead, C. Sykes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In their clinical review of the management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy Jarvis and Nelson-Piercy state that most women can be managed in primary care, and that various antiemetic drugs are safe during pregnancy.1

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Context Dependency of Markers of Disease
Authors: FERNANDO D. MARTINEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The study of markers that can be used to characterize a common disease such as asthma or its different phenotypic manifestations is fraught with complex conceptual and methodological problems. These problems need to be addressed before we can determine the value of any measurement as a potential marker of the disease process underlying the condition of interest.