tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2698: Improved therapeutic activity of Isoflavone-G2535 and Docetaxel combination in hormone refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Sanjeev Banerjee, Shadan Ali, Asfar Azmi, Dejuan Kong, Aamir Ahmad, Bin Bao, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The emergence of Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) and its subsequent metastasis to the bone is in part driven by Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling, and contributes to overall poor survival of prostate cancer patients. Here, we present in vitro and in vivo preclinical evidence of chemo-sensitization of CRPC cells to the most clinically useful therapeutic agent, Docetaxel (Taxotere) by G2535, an isoflavone that attenuates AR signaling. In vitro studies were done using AR+ prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2B) to understand the molecular basis of combination therapy. We found that the combination was significantly more effective in inhibiting cell growth and induction of apoptosis (p&amp;lt;0.01), down-regulation of AR and its target, prostate specific antigen (PSA) (p&amp;lt;0.01) with suboptimal concentrations of Docetaxel (1nmole/L) compared to monotherapy. It is known that resistance to chemotherapy in CRPC is partly associated with constitutively activated NF-κB/Akt signaling pathways, which becomes further activated by chemotherapeutic drugs, and these molecular targets were found to be down-regulated by G2535 treatment. Of greater significance were the results from in vivo tumor growth inhibition studies conducted in a SCID-hu model of experimental bone metastasis induced by C4-2B cells. Tumor volume, AR and serum PSA was used as response markers to evaluate therapeutic activity of the combination therapy relative to a single regimen and untreated control. At termination, we found 75% reduction in tumor volume elicited by the combination treatment relative to the untreated control group. Most importantly, the anti-tumor activity was associated with the down-regulation of molecular markers in tumor tissue remnants that were similar to those observed in vitro (down regulation of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and survivin) accompanied by a significant reduction in serum PSA. Using qPCR, we found that the level of miR-34a, which target AR, was increased by 1.5 fold after G2535 treatment alone whereas this increase was found to be 3-fold in the combination group. Increased expression of miR-34a resulted in the down regulation of AR and PSA in this in vivo model. Based on our findings, we conclude that the combination of G2535 and Taxotere could be an alternative promising regimen for the treatment of CRPC and its metastases for which curative treatment is urgently needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2698. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2698
Association Between Physician Billing and Cardiac Stress Testing Patterns Following Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Bimal R. Shah, Patricia A. Cowper, Sean M. O’Brien, Neil Jensen, Manesh R. Patel, Pamela S. Douglas, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

The degree to which financial factors may influence use of cardiac stress imaging procedures is unknown.To examine the association of physician billing and nuclear stress and stress echocardiography testing following coronary revascularization.Using data from a national health insurance carrier, 17,847 patients were identified between November 1, 2004, and June 30, 2007, who had coronary revascularization and an index cardiac outpatient visit more than 90 days following the procedure. Based on overall billings, physicians were classified as billing for both technical (practice/equipment) and professional (supervision/interpretation) fees, professional fees only, or not billing for either. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between physician billing and use of stress testing, after adjusting for patient and other physician factors.Incidence of nuclear and echocardiographic stress tests within 30 days of an index cardiac-related outpatient visit.The overall cumulative incidence of nuclear or echocardiography stress testing within 30 days of the index cardiac-related outpatient visit following revascularization was 12.2% (95% CI, 11.8%-12.7%). The cumulative incidence of nuclear stress testing was 12.6% (95% CI, 12.0%-13.2%), 8.8% (95% CI, 7.5%-10.2%), and 5.0% (95% CI, 4.4%-5.7%) among physicians who billed for technical and professional fees, professional fees only, or neither, respectively. For stress echocardiography, the cumulative incidence of testing was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.5%-3.2%), 1.4% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.9%), and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%) among physicians who billed for the technical and professional fees, professional fees only, or neither, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of nuclear stress testing among patients treated by physicians who billed for technical and professional fees and professional fees only were 2.3 (95% CI, 1.8-2.9) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1), respectively, compared with those patients treated by physicians who did not bill for testing (P < .001). The adjusted OR of stress echocardiography testing among patients treated by physicians billing for both or professional fees only were 12.8 (95% CI, 7.6-21.6) and 7.1 (95% CI, 4.0-12.9), respectively, compared with patients treated by physicians who did not bill for testing (P < .001).Nuclear stress testing and stress echocardiography testing following revascularization were more frequent among patients treated by physicians who billed for technical fees, professional fees, or both compared with those treated by physicians who did not bill for these services.
Resectional surgery in the treatment of primary carcinoma of the lung with mediastinal lymph node metastases.
Authors: I Rubinstein, G L Baum, Y Kalter, Y Pauzner, Y Lieberman, J J Bubis
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Between 1966 and 1970 we reviewed 46 consecutive patients undergoing resection for primary carcinoma of the lung, in whom mediastinal lymph node metastases were found at operation. There was one operative death. Five of the remaining 45 patients survived five years--one of 10 cases of large cell carcinoma, one of 19 cases of adenocarcinoma, and three of 12 cases of epidermoid carcinoma. We believe that mediastinal lymph node metastases are not per se a contraindication to resection of epidermoid carcinoma of the lung.
An Analysis of Szasz' "Myth of Mental Illness"
Authors: FREDERICK C. THORNE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Dr. Thomas S. Szasz has stirred up a great deal of controversy by his claims concerning "the myth of mental illness." Dr. Thorne, Editor of the Journal of Clinical Psychology, is of the opinion that public confidence in psychiatry has been seriously undermined by Dr. Szasz' charge that many psychiatric practices infringe on human rights. In this paper Dr. Thorne undertakes an analysis of Dr. Szasz' principal contentions, concluding that his arguments are extremist and largely invalid.
Meeting the information needs of health workers in developing countries
Authors: N. Pakenham-Walsh, C. Priestley, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Health workers in the developing world are starved of the information that is the lifeblood of effective health care.1 2 As a direct result, their patients suffer and die. In the words of the late James Grant, former executive director of Unicef, “The most urgent task before us is to get medical and health knowledge to those most in need of that knowledge. Of the approximately 50 million people who were dying each year in the late 1980s, fully two thirds could have been saved through the application of that knowledge.”2

Providing access to reliable health information for health workers in developing countries is potentially the single most cost effective and achievable strategy for sustainable improvement in health care. Cost effective because the …
False‐negative factor V Leiden genetic testing in a patient with recurrent deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Edward N. Libby, Jessica K. Booker, Margaret L. Gulley, David Garcia, Stephan Moll
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract False‐negative genetic testing of the factor V Leiden (fVL) mutation is unusual. We report a case of a young woman with a history of deep venous thrombosis tested for the fVL at four separate laboratories on four separate dates. Two laboratories reported the patient to be heterozygous for the fVL, while the other two reported no evidence of a mutation. Testing methods of the various laboratories were reviewed, and additional testing was performed on stored and newly drawn DNA samples, including sequencing of the fVL gene segment. The preponderance of evidence indicates the patient to be heterozygous for the fVL mutation. Dissection of data suggests that either sample misidentification or faulty allele specific amplification methods could have led to false‐negative results in two laboratories. In one of the two laboratories, misinterpretation of results and clerical error could not be excluded. There is a need for standardization of optimized fVL genetic testing methods. Further education of ordering physicians on the limitations of genetic testing is necessary. Am. J. Hematol. 81:284–289, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Stuart B. Paster
Journal: JAMA (1976)

APPROXIMATELY 90% of cases of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum are the result of acute abdominal conditions that will subsequently require emergency surgery.<sup>1</sup>The life-threatening nature of these conditions requires prompt and accurate diagnosis. Pneumoperitoneum may be obvious or may be demonstrated as the result of a carefully planned examination directed toward that diagnosis. It may be encountered as a fortuitous observation in the course of a study performed for other purposes. The most sensitive method of verifying pneumoperitoneum relies on directing the horizontal x-ray beam tangentially to the collection of free air. Therefore, a purposeful examination with that diagnosis in mind should be designed to achieve the optimal detection consistent with the condition of the patient. On the other hand, it is essential that the roentgenographic manifestations of free intra-abdominal air in all of the various techniques of abdominal examination be known so that a chance demonstration will not be overlooked.
Confidentiality of information on NHS network must be addressed
Authors: S. Horner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—It is disappointing that a number of doctors seem to find the BMA's approach to the confidentiality of computerised health records impractical, out of date, Luddite, or worse: the association believes that concerns must be addressed before confidential personal health information can be entrusted to the NHS network. The medical ethics committee is as anxious as every practising doctor must be to ensure that patients reap the full benefits that the new computer technology can bring to health care. The …
Detection of coronary artery disease with exercise two-dimensional echocardiography. Description of a clinically applicable method and comparison with radionuclide ventriculography.
Authors: M C Limacher, M A Quinones, L R Poliner, J G Nelson, W L Winters, A D Waggoner
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was performed in 73 patients evaluated for coronary artery disease (CAD) and in four normal volunteers before and immediately after a maximal treadmill exercise test. Diagnostic images were obtained from the apical and parasternal windows. In 17 patients with normal coronary arteriograms, ejection fraction (EF) increased from 66 +/- 9% (+/- SD) at rest to 73 +/- 8% after exercise (p less than 0.001), while in 56 patients with proved CAD, EF fell from 56 +/- 13% at rest to 53 +/- 16% after exercise (p less than 0.01). The sensitivity of postexercise 2-D echo for detecting CAD (based on abnormal EF response and/or regional dyssynergy) was 91% (51 of 56 patients) and the specificity was 88% (15 of 17). Sensitivity for one-, two- and three-vessel disease was 64% (seven of 11), 95% (20 of 21) and 100%, respectively. Patients with multivessel disease showed a significant fall in a wall motion score index, from 0.79 +/- 0.25 to 0.63 +/- 0.26. Exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) was also performed in 41 of the subjects (17 normals and 24 CAD patients) on a bicycle ergometer. The overall sensitivity of 2-D echo in this subgroup was 92%, compared with 71% for RNV. The sensitivity of 2-D echo for one-vessel disease (n = 4) was 50%, that for two-vessel disease (n = 12) was 100% and that for three-vessel disease (n = 12) was 100%. Respective values for RNV were 0%, 80% and 90%. The specificity of 2-D echo was 88% and that of RNV was 82%. A significantly higher peak heart rate response was observed on the treadmill than on the bicycle ergometer in both CAD patients and normal subjects. We conclude that postexercise 2-D echo is a clinically applicable technique for the diagnosis and evaluation of CAD patients and compares favorably with exercise RNV.
The Radiohippuran Renogram
Authors: Robert A. Nordyke
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE RADIOISOTOPE RENOGRAM has been a useful adjunct to clinical practice since 1956.<sup>1</sup>At its present state of development it has two major uses: the comparison of left with right kidney function, and the comparison of left with right urinary tract excretion. It thus provides a screening technique which is useful for detecting such abnormalities as renal hypertension and ureteral obstruction. In current practice, however, the curves are not easily reproducible, and false negative and positive results are common.<sup>2</sup>Much of the difficulty stems from the continued use of techniques left over from the early developmental period when (because of partial uptake of the trace material by the liver) it was believed necessary to have the patient in the sitting position and to use small collimator apertures, short skin-crystal distances, and tilted detector tubes.<sup>3</sup> These are precisely the qualities of instrumentation and position which magnify nonkidney
Tuberculosis Diagnosis — Time for a Game Change
Authors: Peter M. Small, Madhukar Pai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The effective treatment of tuberculosis is a lifesaving intervention. The global scale-up of tuberculosis therapy has averted 6 million deaths over the past 15 years, making it one of the greatest public health interventions of our lifetime.1 Unfortunately, by the time most patients are treated, they have already infected many others.2 This failure to interrupt transmission fuels the global epidemic so that every year there are more new cases of tuberculosis than in the previous year.1 National tuberculosis programs are particularly challenged by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Globally, fewer than 2% of the estimated cases of multidrug-resistant disease are reported to the . . .
Contribution of formaldehyde to respiratory cancer.
Authors: N Nelson, R J Levine, R E Albert, A E Blair, R A Griesemer, P J Landrigan, L T Stayner, J A Swenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This article reviews the available data on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde from experimental and epidemiologic studies and makes recommendations for further research. Two definitive chronic inhalation bioassays on rodents have demonstrated that formaldehyde produces nasal cancer in rats and mice at 14 ppm and in rats at 6 ppm, which is within the domain of present permissible human exposure (8-hr time-weighted average of 3 ppm, a 5 ppm ceiling, and a 10 ppm short-term exposure limit). Biochemical and physiologic studies in rats have shown that inhaled formaldehyde can depress respiration, inhibit mucociliary clearance, stimulate cell proliferation, and crosslink DNA and protein in the nasal mucosa. No deaths from nasal cancer have been reported in epidemiologic studies of cohorts exposed to formaldehyde, but three case-control studies suggest the possibility of increased risk. Although excesses of lung cancer deaths have been observed in some studies at industrial plants with formaldehyde exposure, uncertainties in interpretation limit the evaluation of these findings. Excess cancers of the brain and of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues have been reported in certain studies of industrial groups and in most studies of formaldehyde-exposed professionals, but whether these excesses are related to formaldehyde exposure is not known. Several properties of formaldehyde pose unique problems for future research: the mechanisms responsible for its nonlinear response; its probable mechanism of carcinogenic action as a cross-linking agent; its formation in tissues as a normal metabolite; its possible action as a promoter and/or a cocarcinogen; and the importance of glutathione as a host defense at low exposure.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppressive therapy on mouse epidermal cell kinetics
Authors: G.E. KELLY, A.G.R. SHEIL, J. WASS, R.A. ZBROJA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effects of immunosuppressive drugs on epidermal cell mitotic activity and the proliferative response of epidermis following ultraviolet radiation (UVR) were tested. Hairless (Skh-hr I) mice were treated with immunosuppressive drugs at equivalent clinical doses with or without concomitant UVR (290-400 nm). Epidermal parameters measured were mitotic index (Im), rate of entry into mitosis (Fm), flash labelling index (FLI), rate of entry into DNA synthesis (Fs) and DNA content (flow cytometric analysis). In non-irradiated skin, prednisolone therapy depressed both mitotic activity and DNA synthesis; azathioprine and cyclosporin A had no effect; cyclophosphamide therapy increased the Fm and FLI values. Following repeated doses of UVR, there were enhanced mitotic activity and DNA synthesis in epidermis. Prednisolone therapy moderately depressed both proliferative responses; cyclophosphamide enhanced mitotic activity; azathioprine and cyclosporin A had no effect on these responses. The significance of these findings in relation to potential for increased susceptibility of skin to UV-induced carcinogenesis is discussed.
Potency and Stability of Dick Test Toxins
Authors: H. M. Leete, J. McGarrity
Journal: BMJ (1938)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNsAL outside the home.The repeated findings of B. dysenteriae Sonne suggested that this infection was being spread.The "dropping " cases during the three weeks were what might be expected in an outbreak spread by contact infec- tion; and even though the separation of the healthy from the sick was tightened up, the activity of these children, unbelievably quick in touching, smelling, and putting things into their mouths, made the transfer of infection probable.The treatment aimed at the bacillus causing the disease: it sought by the action of the bacteriophage to modify the bacillus, and thus render it less capable of giving rise to dysenteric infection.Some modification did apparently occur, as towards the end of the epidemic there were more "atypical " bacilli and steadily fewer typical dysentery bacilli isolated.There was no change in the technique used, so it appears that the modification was truly in and of the bacilli. (It is open to argument whether " atypical " dysentery bacilli can be produced from pure strainis of known dysentery organisms, but there is some evidence in the authorities which appears to support the proposition.)No medicinal treatment other than bacterio- phage was administered.No case was removed from the home.Inquiries at the home at the end of April, 1938, elicited that no further case had occurred.The bacteriophage was prepared at the Usher Institute of Public Health, Edinburgh.In its preparation races of bacteriophage active against strains of dysentery occurring in this country are largely used, and these include B. dysenteriae Sonne from a variety of sources.I should like to express my thanks to Dr. Eric Pritchard for consulting me about this outbreak, for allowing me to use the bacteriophage treatment, and, for his never-failing help and consideration in this and other matters; to Lieutenant-Colonel J. Morison, to whom I am indebted for the supply of bacterio- phage, and much
Dermatitis Herpetiformis IMMUNOLOGIC CONCOMITANTS OF SMALL INTESTINAL DISEASE AND RELATIONSHIP TO HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN HL-A8
Authors: Roger L. Gebhard, Z. Myron Falchuk, Stephen I. Katz, Clementine Sessoms, G. N. Rogentine, Warren Strober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In the present study the relation between the gluten-sensitive intestinal lesion observed in dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and in gluten-sensitive enteropathy (coeliac sprue) (GSE) was analyzed. Jejunal IgA synthesis in DH was estimated from the extent of incorporation of [(14)C]leucine into IgA in jejunal biopsy specimens during short-term in vitro culture. Patients with DH have significantly elevated incorporation values as compared to normal control individuals (18,880+/-13,614 vs. 5,830+/-3,190 cpm/mg tissue protein/ 90 min) (P < 0.02) and the degree of elevation correlates well with the degree of morphologic abnormality. Thus patients with DH are similar to patients with GSE where elevated local mucosal IgA synthesis has also been observed. By using both morphologic and immunologic criteria for evaluating intestinal status, patients with DH and intestinal disease were distinguished from patients with DH free of intestinal disease. Of the eight patients in the former group, seven carried HL-A8 (87.5%), an incidence which is strikingly similar to that observed in patients with GSE alone (88.5%). In contrast, of the seven patients in the latter group (without gastro-intestinal disease) two had HL-A8, an incidence (27%) not significantly different from that in the normal population (20%) (P > 0.1).Thus, both in respect to local mucosal increase in IgA synthetic rates and in respect to the association with HL-A8, the intestinal lesion of DH is similar to that of GSE.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for the Prevention of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhosis
Authors: Nina Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Design: A randomized, controlled trial. Setting: University-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients: 60 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Interventions: Consecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive either no prophylaxis or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one double-strength tablet daily, five times a week (Monday through Friday). Patient entry was stratified by serum bilirubin (>51 µmol/L [>3 mg/dL]), ascitic fluid protein (<1 g/dL), and serum creatinine (>177 µmol/L [>2 mg/dL]) levels to ensure that high-risk patients would be similarly distributed in the two groups. The median duration of follow-up for the study patients was 90 days. Main Outcome Measures: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or spontaneous bacteremia as defined by objective criteria. Results: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or spontaneous bacteremia developed in 27% (8 of 30) of patients who did not receive prophylaxis compared with 3% (1 of 30) of patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.025). Overall, infections developed in 9 of 30 patients (30%) not receiving prophylaxis and in 1 of 30 patients (3%) receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.012). Death occurred in 6 of 30 patients (20%) who did not receive prophylaxis and in 2 of 30 patients (7%) who received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.15). Side effects—particularly, hematologic toxicity—could not be attributed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in any patient. Conclusions: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was efficacious, safe, and cost-effective for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis.