tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thiazolidinediones and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Lorraine L. Lipscombe, Tara Gomes, Linda E. Lévesque, Janet E. Hux, David N. Juurlink, David A. Alter
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), used to treat type 2 diabetes, are associated with an excess risk of congestive heart failure and possibly acute myocardial infarction. However, the association between TZD use and cardiovascular events has not been adequately evaluated on a population level.To explore the association between TZD therapy and congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and mortality compared with treatment with other oral hypoglycemic agents.Nested case-control analysis of a retrospective cohort study using health care databases in Ontario. We included diabetes patients aged 66 years or older treated with at least 1 oral hypoglycemic agent between 2002 and 2005 (N = 159 026) and followed them up until March 31, 2006.The primary outcome consisted of an emergency department visit or hospitalization for congestive heart failure; secondary outcomes were an emergency department visit or hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. The risks of these events were compared between persons treated with TZDs (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) and other oral hypoglycemic agent combinations, after matching and adjusting for prognostic factors.During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 12 491 patients (7.9%) had a hospital visit for congestive heart failure, 12,578 (7.9%) had a visit for acute myocardial infarction, and 30 265 (19%) died. Current treatment with TZD monotherapy was associated with a significantly increased risk of congestive heart failure (78 cases; adjusted rate ratio [RR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.10; P < .001), acute myocardial infarction (65 cases; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05-1.86; P = .02), and death (102 cases; RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.62; P = .03) compared with other oral hypoglycemic agent combination therapies (3478 congestive heart failure cases, 3695 acute myocardial infarction cases, and 5529 deaths). The increased risk of congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and mortality associated with TZD use appeared limited to rosiglitazone.In this population-based study of older patients with diabetes, TZD treatment, primarily with rosiglitazone, was associated with an increased risk of congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and mortality when compared with other combination oral hypoglycemic agent treatments.
Two-week oral treatment of tinea pedis, comparing terbinafine (250 mg/day) with itraconazole (100 mg/day): a double-blind, multicentre study
Authors: P.DE KEYSER, M.DE BACKER, D.L. MASSART, K.J. WESTELINCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

In this randomized double‐blind trial, two new antifungal compounds were compared in patients with interdigital or more extensive forms of tinea pedis. Two weeks of oral treatment with either terbinafine, an allylamine and new chemical entity, 250 mg daily, or itraconazole 100 mg daily, was given to 366 patients (184 terbinafine, 182 itraconazole). Of 13 patients who did not return after the first visit, 11 were lost to follow‐up (five on terbinafine, six on itraconazole) and two reported adverse events. Another nine patients (three on terbinafine and six on itraconazole) were excluded because it was uncertain to which group they were randomized. A central laboratory performed both the mycology and safety tests. In 355 patients who received the study medications and were available for analysis of side‐effects, 18 out of 179 (10·0%) in the terbinafine group and 10 out of 176 (5·7%) in the itraconazole group reported adverse events. No new clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were seen after treatment. At week 8 the efficacy analysis in 117 patients with mycologically confirmed dermatophyte infections (51 on terbinafine, 66 on itraconazole) showed that clinical symptoms were absent or minimal in 94·1% of the terbinafine and 72·7% of the itraconazole group (P=0·0095); mycology was negative in 86·3% of the terbinafine and 54·5% of the itraconazole group (P=0·0002). With terbinafine, negative mycology at week 8 was 81.3% in the interdigital and 88·6% in the more extensive forms of tinea pedis; with itraconazole mycology was negative in 65·0% and 50·0% of patients, respectively. This study demonstrates that the primary fungicidal action of terbinafine, i.e. its ability to kill fungi at minimal inhibitory concentrations, is of substantial clinical and economic benefit to patients with tinea pedis. After a 2‐week oral treatment period of any form of tinea pedis, terbinafine produced significantly higher mycological cure rates and significantly better clinical improvement than itraconazole.
Improvement in VA/Q distributions during inhalation of nitric oxide in pigs with methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.
Authors: C Putensen, J Räsänen, F A López
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Effects of nitric oxide (NO) and aerosolized terbutaline inhalation on ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distributions were determined during methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in nine mechanically ventilated pigs. Animals inhaled, in random order, zero, 20, and 80 parts per million (ppm) of NO or aerosolized terbutaline. Inhalation of either 20 ppm NO or terbutaline produced similar reduction in pulmonary resistance and increase in lung compliance. Bronchodilation was most pronounced during inhalation of 80 ppm NO. NO inhalation increased PaO2 from 65 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 5 (20 ppm NO) and 104 +/- 6 mm Hg (80 ppm NO) (p < 0.05), and oxygen delivery (DO2) from 484 +/- 49 to 565 +/- 25 (20 ppm NO) and 619 +/- 43 ml/kg/min (80 ppm NO) (p < 0.05) compared with control. Aerosolized terbutaline did not increase PaO2 and DO2. NO inhalation accounted for a decrease in blood flow to shunt units (20 ppm NO: 14 +/- 1%, 80 ppm NO: 19 +/- 2%; p < 0.05) and an increase in the perfusion of normal VA/Q units (20 ppm NO: 12 +/- 1%, 80 ppm NO: 18 +/- 1%; p < 0.05). Perfusion of shunt and normal VA/Q units was similar in the absence of NO inhalation with and without aerosolized terbutaline. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 510 +/- 55 to 332 +/- 22 dyn.s/cm5 with 20 ppm NO (p < 0.05) and to 329 +/- 41 dyn.s/cm5 with 80 ppm NO (p < 0.05) but did not change with terbutaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Major Radiodiagnostic Imaging in Pregnancy and the Risk of Childhood Malignancy: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario
Authors: Joel G. Ray, Michael J. Schull, Marcelo L. Urquia, John J. You, Astrid Guttmann, Marian J. Vermeulen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background The association between fetal exposure to major radiodiagnostic testing in pregnancy—computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide imaging—and the risk of childhood cancer is not established. Methods and Findings We completed a population-based study of 1.8 million maternal-child pairs in the province of Ontario, from 1991 to 2008. We used Ontario's universal health care–linked administrative databases to identify all term obstetrical deliveries and newborn records, inpatient and outpatient major radiodiagnostic services, as well as all children with a malignancy after birth. There were 5,590 mothers exposed to major radiodiagnostic testing in pregnancy (3.0 per 1,000) and 1,829,927 mothers not exposed. The rate of radiodiagnostic testing increased from 1.1 to 6.3 per 1,000 pregnancies over the study period; about 73% of tests were CT scans. After a median duration of follow-up of 8.9 years, four childhood cancers arose in the exposed group (1.13 per 10,000 person-years) and 2,539 cancers in the unexposed group (1.56 per 10,000 person-years), a crude hazard ratio of 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.26–1.82). After adjusting for maternal age, income quintile, urban status, and maternal cancer, as well as infant sex, chromosomal or congenital anomalies, and major radiodiagnostic test exposure after birth, the risk was essentially unchanged (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.25–1.80). Conclusions Although major radiodiagnostic testing is now performed in about 1 in 160 pregnancies in Ontario, the absolute annual risk of childhood malignancy following exposure in utero remains about 1 in 10,000. Since the upper confidence limit of the relative risk of malignancy may be as high as 1.8 times that of an unexposed pregnancy, we cannot exclude the possibility that fetal exposure to CT or radionuclide imaging is carcinogenic. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Management of the Injured Patient
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This third contribution to<i>Current Perspectives in Surgery</i>provides an excellent up-to-date review of ideas gathered from a variety of medical centers throughout the United States, regarding the diagnosis and management of the injured patient. The 31 authors are all surgeons with the exception of one internist and one anesthesiologist. No attempt is made to cover all aspects of trauma but the common serious problems created by accidents are discussed, especially from the standpoint of recent advances in their management. The volume is divided into five parts, of which the first two deal with injuries to the bone and soft tissues. The third deals with athletic injuries, the fourth with burns, and the fifth with multiple injuries. The topics were selected in such a way that there is very little overlapping, even where the same body segment is treated under separate headings. An interesting feature is the discussions, apparently recorded
The fog of expectation
Authors: Edwin P Kirk
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The demented elderly man arrived in the emergency department with a note from his nursing home: “cough and shortness of breath worsening over the past 7 days.” He had a low grade fever but did not seem too unwell, and my examination revealed only some crepitations at the base of the right lung. Chest infection, I thought, and the x ray did show some patchy opacification in the right lower lobe. I started some antibiotics and …
Effect of Hepatitis A Vaccination Programs
Authors: Pierre Van Damme
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OBSERVATIONS AND STATISTICS UPON THE USE OF ANTITOXIN IN ONE HUNDRED CASES OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: ROSA ENGELMANN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The following observations, statistics and histories are offered as a contribution toward clearing up obscure and unsettled points relative to diphtheria and antitoxin. It has long since been experimentally proven that the Klebs-Löffler bacillus produces a specific toxin giving rise to all the classic signs of diphtheria. The pseudo-diphtheria bacillus is supposed to be a non-virulent, attenuated or modified form of the former. The latter, the streptococcus longus, streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus are associated with the Löffler bacillus and cause pathogenic conditions, respecting which there is much to learn. For instance, such cases of croup, necessitating even intubation, in which these non-specific germs only could be grown in spite of repeated culture trials, have been relegated to the list of anomalous cases. Such an explanation, however, no longer satisfies the scientific world. More extended biologic research and study of serum-therapy will doubtless change the nomenclature of a disease having such
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted valvotomy and balloon dilation versus surgical valvotomy and blalock taussig shunt
Authors: Mazeni Alwi, Kandhavello Geetha, Abdul A Bilkis, Miin K Lim, Samion Hasri, Abdul L Haifa, Ahmad Sallehudin, Robaayah Zambahari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Body Fluids and the Acid-Base Balance: A Learning Program for Students of the Biological and Medical Sciences
Authors: John F. Maher
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Written for students, this text develops basic concepts clearly and in a logical sequence. The renowned author is straightforward and somewhat dogmatic in his presentation. Although this method helps build a foundation for the student, certain viewpoints are omitted. At times the text is oversimplified, eg, when the renal circulation is described as "shut down to a standby level," when the expression "renal metabolism of sodium, chloride, and water" is used and when dehydration is not clearly distinguished from salt depletion. Usually, however, the explanations are quite lucid. The seven major sections of the book are (1) pH and dissociation, (2) sodium and chloride distribution, (3) potassium and the cellular compartment, (4) calcium and phosphorus, (5) gas transport, (6) metabolic and respiratory aspects of neutrality regulation, and (7) renal correction of the neutrality. Each section is followed by a summary which, despite the reiteration throughout the book, is a refreshing
Conductive PANi/PEGDA Macroporous Hydrogels For Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez‐Perez, Anna Borriello, Teresa Napolitano, Luigi Ambrosio
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Only recently polymers with intrinsic conductive properties have been studied in relation to their incorporation into bioactive scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. The reason for this interest is that such scaffolds could electrically stimulate cells and thus regulate specific cellular activities, and by this means influence the process of regeneration of those tissues that respond to electrical impulses. In our work, macroporous hydrogels are developed with controlled pore morphology and conductive properties to enable sufficient cell signaling to supply events inherent to nerve regeneration. A hybrid material has been prepared by in situ precipitation of polyaniline (PANi) in polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) solution, followed by crosslinking via UV irradiation. A porous architecture, characterized by macropores from 136 μm to 158 μm in size, has been achieved by sodium chloride particle leaching. In this work, we demonstrate that PANi synthesis and hydrogel crosslinking combine to enable the design of materials with suitable conductive behaviour. The presence of PANi evidently increased the electrical conductivity of the hybrid material from (1.1 ± 0.5) × 10(-3) mS/cm with a PANi content of 3wt%. The hydrophilic nature of PANi also enhanced water retention/proton conductivity by more than one order of magnitude. In vitro studies confirmed that 3 wt% PANi also improve the biological response of PC12 and hMSC cells. Hybrid PANi/PEGDA macroporous hydrogels supplement new functionalities in terms of morphological and conductive properties, both of which are essential prerequisites to drive nerve cells in regenerative processes.
The graft-versus-leukemia effect using matched unrelated donors is not superior to HLA-identical siblings for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Olle Ringdén, Steven Z. Pavletic, Claudio Anasetti, A. John Barrett, Tao Wang, Dan Wang, Joseph H. Antin, Paolo Di Bartolomeo, Brian J. Bolwell, Christopher Bredeson, Mitchell S. Cairo, Robert P. Gale, Vikas Gupta, Theresa Hahn, Gregory A. Hale, Jorg Halter, Madan Jagasia, Mark R. Litzow, Franco Locatelli, David I. Marks, Philip L. McCarthy, Morton J. Cowan, Effie W. Petersdorf, James A. Russell, Gary J. Schiller, Harry Schouten, Stephen Spellman, Leo F. Verdonck, John R. Wingard, Mary M. Horowitz, Mukta Arora
Journal: Blood (2008)
Transmission of Viral Infections through Intravenous Immune Globulin
Authors: Richard I. Schiff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Until the report earlier this year of more than 100 cases of hepatitis C virus infection in 24 states,1 most U.S. physicians believed that intravenous immune globulin did not pose the risks of transmitting viral infections that have been associated with other blood products. Indeed, immune globulin has proved to be a very safe product, tens of millions of grams of which have been infused worldwide without serious problems. However, as the report by Bjoro et al.2 in this issue of the Journal demonstrates, this outbreak of hepatitis C is not unique and serves as a reminder that all medical . . .
Clarification of Conflict of Interest Disclosures
Authors: Stefan P. Kruszewski
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Of cabbages and kings
Authors: V. K. Viswanathan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Kimchi, a spicy and pungent blend of fermented Napa cabbage, radish, red chilies, garlic and salt, is a popular side dish in the Korean peninsula. Each year, South Koreans consume nearly 1.45 million tons of kimchi. On the occasion of Seoul Gourmet 2010 held last October, a Korean official waxed eloquent about fermentation, and about his plans to popularize kimchi and other Korean foods around the world. The renowned French chef Michel Troisgros, who was attending the event, told the man “I think you have to stop talking about fermentation. It is not sexy”1. (Mr. Troisgros, of course, was completely forgetting that his baguettes and wines also owed their existence to fermentation, a process that was refined by his fellow countryman, Louis Pasteur).
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOLOGY AND DIETETICS TO THE SURGEON.
Authors: CHAS. G. PLUMMER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The dimensions of this subject are such that it is impossible to encompass it by the confines of a single article, in a limited time. The relationship existing between physiology and surgery, in every phase of our profession, is so intimate that, to think or work in the latter without a thoughtful consideration of the former, can never lead to successful results. When we look at what is done by our masters in surgery, we are convinced that they only attained such perfection in their handling of surgical subjects by close application of the very principles of the science. To become merely a flash operator or a mechanic demonstrator of what the human hand, aided by a well-trained eye, is capable of in a dexterous way, may go a long way toward giving that one a wide reputation as a surgeon, but, in the long run, the surgeon is known
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast Improves Detection of Invasive Cancer, Preinvasive Cancer, and Premalignant Lesions during Surveillance of Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Christopher C. Riedl, Lothar Ponhold, Daniel Flöry, Michael Weber, Regina Kroiss, Teresa Wagner, Michael Fuchsjäger, Thomas H. Helbich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast in the surveillance of women at high risk for breast cancer. Experimental Design: In this prospective comparison study, women at high risk for breast cancer were offered annual surveillance examinations, consisting of mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, at a single tertiary care breast center. The sensitivity and specificity of each modality was based on the histopathologic evaluation of suspicious findings from all modalities plus the detected interval cancers. Results: Three hundred and twenty-seven women underwent 672 complete imaging rounds. Of a total of 28 detected cancers, 14 were detected by mammography, 12 by ultrasound, and 24 by MRI, which resulted in sensitivities of 50%, 42.9%, and 85.7%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.01). MRI detected not only significantly more invasive but also significantly more preinvasive cancers (ductal carcinoma in situ). Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI led to 25, 26, and 101 false-positive findings, which resulted in specificities of 98%, 98%, and 92%, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Thirty-five (35%) of these false-positive findings were atypical ductal hyperplasias, lesions considered to be of premalignant character. Nine (26%) of those were detected by mammography, 2 (6%) with ultrasound, and 32 (91%) with MRI (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Our results show that MRI of the breast improves the detection of invasive cancers, preinvasive cancers, and premalignant lesions in a high-risk population and should therefore become an integral part of breast cancer surveillance in these patients.
The Home Exchange Plan for Foreign Education of Children
Authors: C. A. Earle
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I believe that there are many physicians who would like to send their children to school in foreign countries for a year or two, but who hesitate on account of the great expense and the absence of parental care while the children are away. It seems to me that the home exchange plan offers a solution of the problem. Could not you, through The Journal, make arrangements with British, French and German journals by which a physician here would keep in school and be responsible for a foreign physician's boy or girl in exchange for the same care of his son or daughter in a foreign land? It seems to me that this plan has great possibilities.
Systemic Fat Embolism after Renal Homotransplantation and Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: John Paul Jones, Ephraim P. Engleman, John S. Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MANY clinical and experimental studies have been performed to study the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic fat embolism. Recently, a less well understood counterpart, termed "nontraumatic fat embolism," has been recognized. In documenting the first case of pulmonary and systemic fat embolism as a complication of hypercortisonism in man, Hill,1 in 1961, suggested that corticosteroids administered in high dosages were a major factor in the evolution of systemic fat emboli.Another case of fat embolism as a possible complication of hypercortisonism is reported. This potentially fatal entity is particularly important because of the increasing interest in homotransplantation and the . . .