tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Lesions Produced by Transplanted Plasma-Cell Tumors in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Hiroshi Kobayashi, Michael Potter, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

A study of the osteolysis associated with transplanted plasma-cell neoplasms of strain BALB/c mice was made. Bones, cleared of flesh by papain digestion, and histologic sections were examined. Osteolysis of cortical bone resulted from the intramedullary growth of neoplastic plasma cells and occurred only when the marrow cavity was filled with these cells. Cortical bone appeared to dissolve from the expanding growth of the neoplasm. The openings through the cortex had smooth edges, and typical “punched-out” lesions were noted in the skeleton. On histologic examination osteoclasts and inflammatory cells were not found in the osteolytic areas. In advanced stages neoplastic plasma cells grew through the openings in the cortex and invaded the periosteum, which caused an osteoplastic reaction. The skeletons of 27 mice with primary plasma-cell neoplasms were also examined but showed no osteolytic lesions. The development of osteolytic lesions varied with the route of injection of the neoplastic cells. Following subcutaneous transplantation, osteolytic lesions developed erratically, and they occurred in high frequency when neoplastic plasma cells from ascites fluid were injected intravenously. Observations on the osteoplastic reaction produced by direct implantation on the periosteum were also made. For comparison, other types of neoplasms were studied. These neoplasms rarely caused osteolytic lesions, but the osteoplastic lesions were similar to those produced by the plasma-cell neoplasms.
Efficacy of non invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in COPD patients with and without pneumonia
Authors: Giovanni Alessandrini, Caterina Antonaglia, Alessia Steffanina, Paolo Marinelli, Matteo Bonini, Michela Mordenti, Mattia Internullo, Tullia Villani, Stefano Schiavetto, Elena Angelici, Paolo Palange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. NIV represents one of the major technical advances in the management of ARF. Several data in literature showed the efficacy of NIV in COPD hypercapnic patients and in immunodepressed pneumonia patients. By contrast, the role of NIV in the treatment of pneumonia in COPD patients is controversial. We compared the efficacy of NIV for treating ARF in a group of immunocompetent COPD patients with and without pneumonia (ARF-P and ARF-NP). Methods. Among patients referred to our ward, we studied 12 COPD patients with ARF-P (66.3±14.6SD years) and 9 with ARF-NP (74.5±4.6 years). Diagnosis of COPD and pneumonia were made according to International Guidelines. All patients were treated with a standard NIV pressure-support protocol. The following parameters were chosen as endpoints and recorded at baseline (B) and at 48 hours of NIV treatment: arterial PO2, PCO2, pH, and respiratory rate (RR). Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 statistical software. Results: No differences in respiratory variables between the two groups were observed at B (p=ns). At 48 hours of NIV treatment, ARF-P patients showed a significant improvement in PO2 (69.3±10.9 vs 56.9±6.9; p=0.003), a significant reduction in PCO2 (51.0±9.4 vs 62.7±11.4; p=0.0008) and RR (18.6±2.1 vs 27.6±3.7; p=00.1). No differences were observed in pH value (7.4±0.1 vs 7.4±0.1; p=ns). Similar results were observed in the ARF-NP group. Time to hospital discharge was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: In COPD patients, NIV treatment for ARF is effective independently of the presence of pneumonia. Results should be confirmed on a larger population.
Macrophage Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Epithelial Expression of Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor
Authors: Lidija Cakarova, Leigh M. Marsh, Jochen Wilhelm, Konstantin Mayer, Friedrich Grimminger, Werner Seeger, Juergen Lohmeyer, Susanne Herold
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Resident alveolar macrophages have been attributed a crucial role in host defense toward pulmonary infection. Their contribution to alveolar repair processes, however, remains elusive.We investigated whether activated resident alveolar macrophages contribute to alveolar epithelial repair on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in vitro and in vivo and analyzed the molecular interaction pathways involved.We evaluated macrophage-epithelial cross-talk mediators for epithelial cell proliferation in an in vitro coculture system and an in vivo model of LPS-induced acute lung injury comparing wild-type, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-deficient (GM(-/-)), and human SPC-GM mice (GM(-/-) mice expressing an SPC-promotor-regulated GM-CSF transgene).Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA we showed that LPS-activated alveolar macrophages stimulated alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) to express growth factors, particularly GM-CSF, in coculture. Antibody neutralization experiments revealed epithelial GM-CSF expression to be macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha dependent. GM-CSF elicited proliferative signaling in AEC via autocrine stimulation. Notably, macrophage TNF-alpha induced epithelial proliferation in wild-type but not in GM-CSF-deficient AEC as shown by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Moreover, intraalveolar TNF-alpha neutralization impaired AEC proliferation in LPS-injured mice, as investigated by flow cytometric Ki-67 staining. Additionally, GM-CSF-deficient mice displayed reduced AEC proliferation and sustained alveolar barrier dysfunction on LPS treatment compared with wild-type mice.Collectively, these findings indicate that TNF-alpha released from activated resident alveolar macrophages induces epithelial GM-CSF expression, which in turn initiates AEC proliferation and contributes to restoring alveolar barrier function.
Integrated narrative and evidence based case report: Case report of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation
Authors: S. Reis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Evidence based medicine and narrative based medicine rarely meet, and they may conflict, 1 2 but in clinical care they are complementary.3–5 Some attempts to integrate the two approaches have not considered the doctor's story, which is often critical to understanding a case. 6 7

This paper tries to bridge gaps between a patient's and doctor's narratives and the evidence. It is the story of a patient in our practice (see box) who has produced written narratives about her illness and shared them with her family physician (SR). We use the narratives to decide on the best evidence based treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after corrected tetralogy of Fallot.

We searched Medline between December 1999 and May 2000 with the keywords atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal), tetralogy of Fallot, atrial arrhythmia, anticoagulation, primary care, family medicine, general practice, and ambulatory medicine. We also searched http://www.goldenhour.co.il/ (an Israeli website that includes evidence based medicine).

We found no important evidence on the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation plus tetralogy of Fallot. Our discussion is based on the evidence available on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation alone.

Risk factors for thromboembolism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation are cumulative.8–13 In patients without risk factors who are not treated for thromboembolism, the annual risk of stroke is about 1%. For patients at low risk of thromboembolism, aspirin or no drug is recommended. 8 11–14 The presence of one risk factor puts patients at moderate risk of thromboembolism (2-5% annual risk of stroke), and the treatment recommendation is aspirin or warfarin. Patients at high risk—with a 6-12% annual risk of stroke—should be given warfarin. Articles based in primary care lean towards less aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.15–18

#### Case history

A 56 year old married …
Cell Line Initiation From Cord Blood Leukocytes Treated With Viruses, Chemicals, and Radiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R S Chang, M W Hsieh, W Blankenship
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The initiation of cell lines from leukocytes from umbilical cord blood treated by the Kaplan cell filtrate, simian virus 40 (SV40), X irradiation, and 5 chemical carcinogens was attempted. From 45 control and 41 Kaplan cell filtrate-treated cultures, 0 and 19 lines were initiated, respectively. This difference is highly significant (P<0.0001). In contrast, SV40, X irradiation, 3-methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 4-nitroquinoline-1 -oxide, dibenz[a, h]anthracene, and nitrosodimethylamine were ineffective in initiating cell lines.
Vitamin D deficiency and rickets in children and adolescents with ichthyosiform erythroderma in type IV and V skin
Authors: K. Chouhan, G. Sethuraman, N. Gupta, V.K. Sharma, M. Kabra, B.K. Khaitan, V Sreenivas, M. Ramam, S. Kusumakar, S. Thulkar, A.S. Paller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Ichthyosiform erythroderma due to keratinizing disorders may suppress cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, leading to vitamin D deficiency and rickets. Objectives To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and rickets in children and adolescents with congenital ichthyosis and other keratinizing disorders with erythroderma and scaling. Patients and methods In this cross‐sectional study, 45 children and adolescents with ichthyosiform erythroderma due to keratinizing disorders, and 66 controls (group 1: age and sex matched, with skin diseases other than keratinizing disorders; group 2: age and sex matched, healthy volunteers) were included. Evidence of rickets was determined clinically (physical examination and radiographs) and biochemically {serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH)}. Results All patients in the disease group had clinical, radiological or biochemical evidence of rickets [25(OH)D < 20 ng mL−1], and analysis was done for all subjects with the available biochemical reports. The mean serum 25(OH)D levels of the disease group was 8·38 ± 5·23 ng mL−1 and was significantly lower than in control group 1 (11·1 ± 5·8 ng mL−1) (P < 0·01) and control group 2 (13·5 ± 6·9 ng mL−1) (P < 0·001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng mL−1] was significantly higher in the disease group (n = 38 of 39, 97·4%) than in control group 2 (n = 12, 70·6%) (P < 0·01), and total controls (n = 56, 84·8%) (P = 0·04). The frequency of hyperparathyroidism (PTH > 65 pg mL−1) was also significantly higher in the disease group than in controls (P < 0·01). Conclusions Children and adolescents with various forms of ichthyosiform erythroderma, especially those with pigmented skin (types IV–VI), are at increased risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and clinical rickets.
Brief Report: Articular Ankle Fracture Results in Increased Synovitis, Synovial Macrophage Infiltration, and Synovial Fluid Concentrations of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines
Authors: Bridgette D. Furman, Kelly A. Kimmerling, Robert D. Zura, Rachel M. Reilly, Michal P. Zlowodzki, Janet L. Huebner, Virginia B. Kraus, Farshid Guilak, Steven A. Olson
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective The inflammatory response following an articular fracture is thought to play a role in the development of posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) but has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize the acute inflammatory response, both locally and systemically, in joint synovium, synovial fluid (SF), and serum following articular fracture of the ankle. We hypothesized that intraarticular fracture would alter the synovial environment and lead to increased local and systemic inflammation. Methods Synovial tissue biopsy specimens, SF samples, and serum samples were collected from patients with an acute articular ankle fracture (n = 6). Additional samples (normal, ankle osteoarthritis [OA], and knee OA [n = 6 per group]) were included for comparative analyses. Synovial tissue was assessed for synovitis and macrophage count. SF and serum were assessed for cytokines (interferon‐γ [IFNγ], interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, and tumor necrosis factor α) and chemokines (eotaxin, eotaxin 3, IFNγ‐inducible 10‐kd protein, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP‐1], MCP‐4, macrophage‐derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and thymus and activation–regulated chemokine). Results Synovitis scores were significantly higher in ankle fracture tissue compared with normal ankle tissue ( P = 0.007), and there was a trend toward an increased abundance of CD68+ macrophages in ankle fracture synovium compared with normal knee synovium ( P = 0.06). The concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines were elevated in the SF of patients with ankle fracture compared with those in SF from OA patients with no history of trauma. Only the concentration of IL‐6 was significantly increased in the serum of patients with ankle fracture compared with normal serum ( P = 0.027). Conclusion Articular fracture of the ankle increased acute local inflammation, as indicated by increased synovitis, increased macrophage infiltration into synovial tissue, and increased SF concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation. Characterizing the acute response to articular fracture provides insight into the healing process and may help to identify patients who may be at greater risk of PTA.
Visual versus quantitative assessment of airways disease in COPDGene
Authors: MeiLan Han, George Washko, Phillip Westgate, Susan Murray, Fernando Martinez, Ella Kazeroonie, Ed Silverman, James Crapo, Eric Hoffman, David Lynch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Visual airway assessment may provide unique data not captured by automated methods; cut points for distinguishing “abnormal” from “normal” do not exist with quantitative CT (QCT) measures. We sought to understand the relationship between QCT and visual airway measures.   Methods:  198 COPDGene cohort scans (GOLD I-IV) were reviewed by pulmonologists and radiologists (9-11 reviewers/scan) for presence of airway wall thickening (AWT). Logistic regression and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analyses determined the relationship between median AWT score and QCT measures including segmental and subsegmental wall area percent (WAP), wall thickness, lumen diameter and pi10 (standardized airway wall thickness at internal perimeter of 10 mm). Multivariate regression adjusted for age, gender, and smoking history was used to predict FEV 1 %, SGRQ and history of chronic bronchitis.   Results:  Subsegmental WAP (AUC=0.72, p 99th percentile normals/74th percentile COPD) provides 80% specificity and 53% sensitivity. Subsegmental WAP predicted a similar degree of variability in FEV 1 % compared to AWT (r 2 =0.33 vs 0.32). Visual score better predicted chronic bronchitis symptoms (AUC 0.73 vs 0.66) and SGRQ score (r 2 =0.23 vs 0.16).   Conclusions:  Expert panel visual airway score correlates best with subsegmental WAP and pi10 in the >90th percentile range for normals. Each method provides unique information; in particular, visual analysis scores appear to be more closely associated with clinical symptoms.
Low Back Pain in Adolescents With Inflammatory Arthritis Can Be Due to Lumbar Spine Apophyseal Joint Inflammation, and This Requires Contrast Enhancement for Adequate Assessment: Comment on the Article by Weiss et al
Authors: Timothy P. Bray, Kanimozhi Vendhan, Corinne Fisher, Debajit Sen, Yiannis Ioannou, Margaret A. Hall‐Craggs
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)
Cognitive sequelae of treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: cranial radiation requires an accomplice.
Authors: D P Waber, N J Tarbell, D Fairclough, K Atmore, R Castro, P Isquith, F Lussier, I Romero, P J Carpenter, M Schiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE We evaluated cognitive sequelae of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CNS therapy consisted of cranial irradiation (CRT) or no radiation. Children were also randomized to single intravenous high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) or conventional-dose methotrexate (CD-MTX) during induction, and all patients received intrathecal (IT) and systemic continuation chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-six patients treated for ALL on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute protocol 87-01 were evaluated by standardized cognitive and achievement tests. These children had been assigned at diagnosis to a standard-risk (SR) or high-risk (HR) group and received no CRT or 18 Gy CRT, respectively. All patients were randomized to receive MTX during remission induction, either as CD-MTX (40 mg/m2) or HD-MTX (4 g/m2) with leucovorin rescue. RESULTS There was no difference in cognitive outcomes between radiated and unirradiated patients (P &gt; .4). However, the HD-MTX/CRT combination was associated with decreased intelligence quotient (IQ estimate, 9.3 points) for girls only (P &lt; .08). A specific deficit in verbal coding and memory was documented for all patients (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSION We conclude the following: (1) 18 Gy CRT per se was not an independent toxic agent for cognitive outcome; (2) HD-MTX during induction was associated with IQ decline in girls, but only when it was followed by CRT; and (3) impairment of verbal memory and coding was a consistent finding that was independent of CRT, which implicates some component of chemotherapy, possibly prednisone, as a CNS toxin.
Primary Cytoreductive Surgery (Pcs) Vs Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (Nact) for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma (Aoc): Decision Criteria and Efficacy Outcomes
Authors: H. Nunes, F. Vaz, A. Mayer, A.F. Jorge, T. Margarida, A. Opinião, A. Guimarães, A. Moreira
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The American–European Consensus Conference on ARDS, Part 2
Authors: ANTONIO ARTIGAS, GORDON R. BERNARD, JEAN CARLET, DIDIER DREYFUSS, LUCIANO GATTINONI, LEONARD HUDSON, MAURICE LAMY, JOHN J. MARINI, MICHAEL A. MATTHAY, MICHAEL R. PINSKY, ROGER SPRAGG, PETER M. SUTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<INTRODUCTIONSUBCOMMITTEE I: VENTILATO...SUBCOMMITTEE II: PHARMACO...SUBCOMMITTEE III: GENERAL...SUBCOMMITTEE IV: RESOLUTI...SUBCOMMITTEE V: DEFINITIO...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Antibodies to Heat Shock Proteins in Schizophrenic Patients: Implications for the Mechanism of the Disease
Authors: Markus J. Schwarz, Michael Riedel, Rudolf Gruber, Manfred Ackenheil, Norbert Mï¿½
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The involvement of heat shock proteins has been determined in the pathophysiology of several disorders of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis. To elucidate their role in schizophrenia, the authors investigated antibody titers to heat shock proteins in unmedicated and medicated patients with schizophrenia.Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, the authors measured titers of antibodies to 60 kilodaltons (kD) heat shock proteins (HSP60) and 70 kD heat shock proteins (HSP70) in 30 patients with schizophrenia before and during neuroleptic treatment and compared the titers with those of 31 healthy individuals.Ten (33%) of 30 patients with schizophrenia but only one (3%) of 31 healthy individuals showed immunoreactivity to HSP60 or HSP70. The authors found especially high anti-HSP70 titers in never-medicated patients. High anti-HSP60 titers were mainly found in patients who were being treated with neuroleptics.Since heat shock proteins are involved in diverse neuroprotective mechanisms, antibodies against heat shock proteins may inhibit neuroprotection. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for schizophrenia.
Updated survival analysis of two sequential prospective trials of R‐MACLO‐IVAM followed by maintenance for newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Peter J. Hosein, Jose D. Sandoval‐Sus, Deborah Goodman, Alexandra Gomez Arteaga, Isildinha Reis, James Hoffman, Alexandra Stefanovic, Joseph D. Rosenblatt, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

A phase II trial of R‐MACLO‐IVAM followed by thalidomide maintenance for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) demonstrated promising progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Thalidomide maintenance was associated with significant toxicity and was subsequently modified to rituximab maintenance. Herein, we present updated results and follow‐up. Two sequential phase II trials included chemotherapy‐naïve patients with MCL up to 75 years old. Four cycles of R‐MACLO‐IVAM chemotherapy were delivered as previously described. Patients who achieved complete responses (CR) were eligible for thalidomide or rituximab maintenance therapy. Among 36 patients enrolled, the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was low in 53%, intermediate in 36% and high in 11%. Thirty‐five patients completed at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy; 34 (94%) achieved a CR. After a median follow‐up of 74.4 months, the 5‐year PFS was 51% (95% CI 33–68%) and the 5‐year OS was 85% (95% CI 73–97%). Two deaths occurred during the chemotherapy phase due to disease progression and neutropenic sepsis, respectively. One patient developed secondary acute myeloid leukemia after 7 years. R‐MACLO‐IVAM chemotherapy is effective for patients with newly diagnosed MCL. Am. J. Hematol. 90:E111–E116, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization and susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitals and the community in Vladivostok, Russia
Authors: T. Baranovich, H. Zaraket, I.I. Shabana, V. Nevzorova, V. Turcutyuicov, H. Suzuki
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Chronic cough and asthma-like symptoms - Not always asthma
Authors: Andrius Alisauskas, Kristina Stravinskaite Bieksiene, Raimundas Sakalauskas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Cough is the most frequent symptom for which patients seek medical attention. Asthma, gastroesophagel reflux disease (GERD) and upper airways disease are the most common causes of chronic cough. A new clinical entity - cough hypersensitivity syndrome could mimic pulmonary diseases.

The aim of the study was to evaluate how whether patients with chronic cough and asthma- like symptoms and normal spirometry always has asthma.

Methods : medical records of 111 outpatients refereed for evaluation of asthma were investigated. Inclusion criteria were: chronic cough (duration more than 8 weeks), asthma- like symptoms, normal spirometry and performed methacholin challenge test for confirming the diagnosis of asthma. Patient’s demographic, smoking histories were recorded.

Results : 37 male and 74 female aged 48.72 ±14.96 years were enrolled. Positive methacholin test was in 12 (10.2 %), doubtful – 24 (21.6 %) and negative in 75 (67.6%) patients. Asthma was diagnosed only for 27 (24.3 %) patients. Other diagnosis were: GERD - 40 (36.0%), upper airways disease -15 (13.5%), chronic bronchitis -12 (10.8%), post infection cough – 4 (3,6%), no diagnosis- 12 (10.8%).

Conclusions : only third of patients with chronic cough and asthma-like symptoms had asthma. The rest patients with these symptoms and negative methacholin test had different diagnosis, but it could be also associated with cough hypersensitivity syndrome.