tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population
Authors: D Danivat, M Tankeyoon, A Sriratanaban
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Enquete par questionnaire dans une population Thai. Le syndrome de colon irritable classique, frequent chez les anglais et chez les americains, et les 3 formes distinctes: colon irritable spasmodique, diarrhee indolore, constipation indolore, sont nettement moins frequents dans la population Thai, citadine ou rurale
RAPIDLY GROWING SARCOMA OF THE FEMUR.REPORT OF A CASE: DISARTICULATION AT THE HIP JOINT; RECOVERY.
Authors: C. M. NICHOLSON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Sarcomata arising from the femur, the bone most liable to become affected, may be grouped according to point of origin into central and peripheral, the first arising from the osteoblastic layer lining the medullary canal and the second from the osteoblastic layer separating the periosteum from the bone. The first group is usually a giant-celled or myeloid tumor, though the spindle or round cell may be found. The second group is usually round- or spindle-celled sarcoma (never myeloid), though mixed, round and giant cells are not uncommon. The peripheral are more painful, occur earlier in life, are more malignant and pulsation is seldom observed. When growing near the middle of the shaft, the peripheral variety may be restricted to a portion of the circumference or entirely surround it, producing a fusiform swelling. In such specimens the shaft of the bone traverses the tumor and
Cameron promotes new partnership between research, industry, and the NHS
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To characterise the quality of life, healthcare use and costs associated with early antibiotic treatment of influenza-like illness (ILI) in ‘at-risk’ children. <h3>Design</h3> Economic analysis of a two-arm double-blind parallel group pragmatic randomised controlled trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Children were recruited from community-based healthcare settings, including general practices, walk-in centres and hospital ambulatory care. <h3>Participants</h3> Children with risk factors for influenza-related complications, including respiratory, cardiac and neurological conditions, who presented within the first 5 days of an ILI. <h3>Interventions</h3> Co-amoxiclav 400/57 suspension or placebo. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> This economic analysis focused on quality of life measured by the EQ-5D-Y, symptoms assessed by the Canadian Acute Respiratory Infection and Flu Scale (CARIFS), healthcare use and costs including medication, hospital visits and admissions, general practitioner and nurse contacts. Outcomes were assessed for up to 28 days post randomisation. <h3>Results</h3> Information on resource use, EQ-5D-Y (day 28) and CARIFS (day 7) was available for 265 (98%), 72 (27%) and 123 (45%) out of 271 participants, respectively. Average costs in the co-amoxiclav group were £25 lower (95% CI −£113 to £65), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.566). The difference in EQ-5D-Y scores between groups was also not statistically significant (−0.014 (95% CI −0.124 to 0.096), p=0.798). However, day 7 CARIFS scores were 3.5 points lower in the co-amoxiclav arm (95% CI −6.9 to −0.1, p=0.044). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings did not show evidence that early co-amoxiclav treatment improves quality of life or reduces healthcare use and costs in ‘at-risk’ children with ILI, but may reduce symptom severity though confirmation from further research would be important. Reliable data collection from children’s parents/carers was challenging, and resulted in high levels of missing data, which is common in pragmatic trials involving children with acute respiratory tract infections. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ISRCTN70714783; EudraCT 2013-002822-21.
Desegregation of Hospitals and Medical Societies in North Carolina
Authors: Edward C. Halperin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The struggle to achieve equal rights for American blacks has included legal and social pressure to provide access to jobs, housing, education, the ballot box, theaters, buses, hotels, and restaurants. Within the medical establishment, there has been a parallel effort to integrate the patient care areas and medical staffs of hospitals, provide equal access to medical and nursing education, and end racial segregation in state medical societies.1 , 2 In 1960, blacks made up 2.2 percent of all U.S. physicians.3 , 4 Most received their education at predominantly black medical schools; their opportunities were very limited after graduation as compared with those of their . . .
Temporal Course of Vessel Healing and Neoatherosclerosis After DES Implantation
Authors: Amane Kozuki, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Junya Shite, Masayuki Nakagawa, Ryoji Nagoshi, Hirotoshi Hariki, Takumi Inoue, Tsuyoshi Osue, Yu Taniguchi, Ryo Nishio, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Approaches to assessing host resistance.
Authors: S G Bradley, P S Morahan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

There is increasing evidence that chronic, subclinical exposure to certain environmental pollutants may upset immune responsiveness and alter susceptibility of animals to infectious agents. Environmental chemicals or drugs may affect diverse aspects of the immune system, leading to immunosuppression, immunopotentiation, hypersensitivity or perturbed innate host resistance. A variety of infectious models is available that involves relatively well defined target organs and host defense mechanisms; for example, infections with encephalomyocarditis virus, Herpesvirus simplex, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Plasmodium berghei. Important variables in infectious models used to assess immunotoxicity include species and strain of animal used, their age and sex, the route of exposure, and dose of the chemical. No one infectious model has yet emerged as a routine screening tool to detect and assess the subtle effects that may occur in immune responses when animals are exposed to doses of environmental pollutants that cause no adverse effect at a gross level. The selection of useful test systems is complicated because it is difficult to measure the effects of chronic, subclinical exposure to chemicals and sublethal challenges of microorganisms.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATING CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: INSIGHT FROM THE CREDO-KYOTO AMI REGISTRY
Authors: Hiroki Shiomi, Takeshi Morimoto, Yutaka Furukawa, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Drug Antisubstitution Laws-Reply
Authors: Barry A. Haist
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The entire phenomenon of generic medications arose as an "economic lifesaver" for the pharmacist and the patient. What a poor substitute for therapeutic efficacy! As a subscriber toThe Journal,<i>Medical World News, Drug Intelligence</i>, and<i>Clinical Pharmacy</i>, I have to this day yet to see a so-called "branded" generic recalled for any reason. All recalls have been the supposed "economic lifesavers"—the cheap (in more ways than one, evidently), generic preparations of digoxin, ampicillin, papaverine, quinidine—and the list goes on to include scores of other potentially life-saving and life-prolonging drugs. I have seen a preparation of generic digoxin recalled that was found to possess only 32% of the stated potency, and another that was 181% superpotent. Because of this evident lack of any quality control, I cannot place any confidence at all in these products. The only reason ever advanced in support of such products is the
Ethoglucid in Treatment of Inoperable Cereble Tumours
Authors: I. C. Bailey, A. R. Taylor, F. S. Grebbell
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MICAL JOUMILNow that its field of usefulness has been defined it is proposed to combine it with surgery and radiotherapy, and to discover if its effect is greater under conditions of slowed circulation and hypothermia. SUMMARYThirty patients with inoperable cerebral tumours have been treated by intracarotid injection of ethoglucid (triethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, " epodyl ").The marrow-depressant effects were less than in other cytotoxic drugs and there were no other important toxic symptoms.Thirteen of the 30 patients had objectively recordable remissions.This drug cannot effect complete tumour destruction, but it can arrest growth in some cases for varying times.It is more effective in the less malignant cerebral gliomas.
Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures.
Authors: H J Zimmerman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities.
Peptides Prove Predictive for Heart Failure Patients
Authors: M. Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Problems in Laboratory Testing in Primary Care
Authors: Paul A. Nutting
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the frequency and characteristics of problems in laboratory testing in primary care physicians' offices and their impact on health care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective descriptive study in which participating office-based primary care clinicians reported each occurrence of any laboratory incident during a 6-month study. Each identified problem was reported on a structured data collection instrument with an open-ended description of the problem. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Primary care physicians' offices in North America. <h3>Participants.</h3> —One hundred twenty-four primary care clinicians in 49 practices of the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN). <h3>Main Results.</h3> —A total of 180 problems were reported, yielding a crude rate of 1.1 problems per 1000 patient visits. Problems involving test ordering and specimen handling were the most common (56%), while those attributable to the test analysis itself accounted for 13% of the total. In the judgment of the practice staff, 27% of the reported problems had an impact on patient care. Of the 24 cases for which the specific impact was known and reported, half of the impacts were minor and about half were significant, as judged by whether or not the diagnosis and/or treatment of the patient was measurably affected. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Clinically apparent problems with laboratory testing in primary care were found at a rate of 1.1 problems per 1000 patient visits. Of the laboratory problems that occurred in this study, 27% were judged by the physician to have an effect on patient care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:635-639)
Office use of microcomputers now extends into clinical realm
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More on T-Tubes
Authors: A. E. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Your issue of June 18 has just come to me. I agree entirely with your sentiment in your editorial on the use of T-Tubes in common bile duct surgery (224:1644, 1973).  Undoubtedly, there are circumstances when a T-tube is essential in nonstenotic common bile duct disease but these occasions are very rare. On the contrary, their use in the commonest lesion, the common duct stone, can be avoided almost entirely by the use of a procedure only slightly modified from that described by Kocher in 1911.  In my unit, no T-tubes have been placed for common duct stones for almost 15 years, and a review of all the cases operated on up to 1965 showed the procedure to have been extremely satisfactory. Its mortality is no higher than that with any other method, its morbidity very much lower, and the time in hospital for each patient much
Injury rate and socioeconomic costs resulting from sports injuries in Flanders: data derived from sports insurance statistics 2003
Authors: E Cumps, E Verhagen, L Annemans, R Meeusen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: This study determines the injury rate (%) and the associated direct medical and indirect costs of sports injuries in Flanders. Setting: Epidemiological cohort designs and a human capital method were set up to measure respectively the medical direct and indirect cost of sports injuries. Participants: 72 out of 82 Flemish sports federations participated. Intervention: Insurance statistics from 2003 were used to determine the overall rate of injury and injury localisations. Using these data, the medical direct cost and the impact sports injuries have on indirect costs were estimated. The indirect costs were determined by multiplying the days of absence from work with the daily cost resulting from a loss of production, being €200. Main outcome: The total direct medical cost extrapolated for the Flemish sports participants was €15 027 423, which amounted to 0.07% to 0.08% of the total budget spent on healthcare. The indirect cost extrapolated for the Flemish sports participants was €111 420 813, which is about 3.4% of the costs arising from absenteeism from work. Results: Of the 14 in-depth analysed sports, the rate of injury was highest in European team handball (8.96%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.95–8.96) and lowest in swimming (0.62%; 95% CI 0.62–0.62). The highest direct medical cost was found for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (€1358 per injury) and the lowest for foot injuries (€52 per injury). Conclusion: The costs calculated in this study could become critical statistics in medical care debates. Data obtained here will enable a cost−benefit analysis of the impact of preventive measures to be made.
What is the point of doctors?
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Back in the day we had limited investigations: no computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, endoscopic surgery, or gene probes. Even ultrasound was a new and limited modality. We had just a few basic blood tests, insensitive isotope scans, and useless props, like the stethoscope, tendon hammers, and tuning forks. The all powerful bespectacled doctor issued medical opinion based on (often considerable) clinical experience. But technology banished experience, and evidence based medicine pecked the last flesh from the bones of medical opinion. Scientific …
Educated adults have fewer sex problems in the US
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

People who have been educated to university level are less likely to experience sexual problems than their less well educated counterparts, according to a study comparing the prevalence of sexual problems across various sexual, racial, and demographic groups in the United States.

These differences were especially marked for women without high school diplomas, who were almost twice as likely to experience low sexual desire when compared with women who …
The patient's journey: systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jane Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Purpose</h3> In the Simple Intensive Care Studies-I (SICS-I), we aim to unravel the value of clinical and haemodynamic variables obtained by physical examination and critical care ultrasound (CCUS) that currently guide daily practice in critically ill patients. We intend to (1) measure all available clinical and haemodynamic variables, (2) train novices in obtaining values for advanced variables based on CCUS in the intensive care unit (ICU) and (3) create an infrastructure for a registry with the flexibility of temporarily incorporating specific (haemodynamic) research questions and variables. The overall purpose is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of clinical and haemodynamic variables. <h3>Participants</h3> The SICS-I includes all patients acutely admitted to the ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital in the Netherlands with an ICU stay expected to last beyond 24 hours. Inclusion started on 27 March 2015. <h3>Findings to date</h3> On 31 December 2016, 791 eligible patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria of whom 704 were included. So far 11 substudies with additional variables have been designed, of which six were feasible to implement in the basic study, and two are planned and awaiting initiation. All researchers received focused training for obtaining specific CCUS images. An independent Core laboratory judged that 632 patients had CCUS images of sufficient quality. <h3>Future plans</h3> We intend to optimise the set of variables for assessment of the haemodynamic status of the critically ill patient used for guiding diagnostics, prognosis and interventions. Repeated evaluations of these sets of variables are needed for continuous improvement of the diagnostic and prognostic models. Future plans include: (1) more advanced imaging; (2) repeated clinical and haemodynamic measurements; (3) expansion of the registry to other departments or centres; and (4) exploring possibilities of integration of a randomised clinical trial superimposed on the registry. <h3>Study registration number</h3> NCT02912624; Pre-results.
Combatting Air Pollution in the Home and the Hospital
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The hazard of air pollution in industrialized communities is now well known, especially in respect to the irritant effects of sulfur dioxide in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Although further investigation is needed, simple methods of eliminating sulfur dioxide can be employed for private rooms of residences and hospitals. Activated carbon with a special capacity for removing sulfur dioxide may be used in small- or medium-size motor-blower filtering units as the most feasible and effective agent for this purpose at the present time.
Unsupervised 4D myocardium segmentation with a Markov Random Field based deformable model
Authors: L. Cordero-Grande, G. Vegas-Sánchez-Ferrero, P. Casaseca-de-la-Higuera, J. Alberto San-Román-Calvar, Ana Revilla-Orodea, M. Martín-Fernández, C. Alberola-López
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2011)
Suicide in the Home in Relation to Gun Ownership
Authors: Arthur L. Kellermann, Frederick P. Rivara, Grant Somes, Donald T. Reay, Jerry Francisco, Joyce Gillentine Banton, Janice Prodzinski, Corinne Fligner, Bela B. Hackman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

It has been suggested that limiting access to firearms could prevent many suicides, but this belief is controversial. To assess the strength of the association between the availability of firearms and suicide, we studied all suicides that took place in the homes of victims in Shelby County, Tennessee, and King County, Washington, over a 32-month period.
Host Genetic Variants in the <i>Interleukin-6</i> Promoter Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Angela DeMichele, Robert Gray, Michelle Horn, Jinbo Chen, Richard Aplenc, William P. Vaughan, Martin S. Tallman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Interleukin-6 modulates immune response, estrogen production, and growth pathways in breast cancer. We evaluated the effect of several common, functional interleukin-6 promoter variants in node-positive breast cancer patients enrolled on a multicenter, cooperative group, adjuvant chemotherapy trial to determine whether these variants were associated with clinical outcome overall and by estrogen receptor tumor phenotype. Genomic DNA and clinical data were collected from a clinical trial of adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by randomization to high-dose cyclophosphamide/thiotepa or observation (Intergroup Trial 0121). Genotyping for -174G&amp;gt;C (rs1800795), -597G&amp;gt;A (rs1800797), and -572G&amp;gt;C (rs1800796) was done by site-specific PCR and PyroSequencing, whereas the -373AnTn repeat was directly sequenced. Log-rank tests and Cox modeling were used to compare outcomes by genotype/haplotype and other factors. Three hundred forty-six patients (64% of trial) had corresponding genotype/clinical data available and did not differ from overall trial participants. After adjustment, patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors and genotypes 597 GG or 174 GG had significantly worse disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 1.6; P = 0.02 and HR, 1.71; P = 0.007, respectively], whereas the 373 8A12T repeat appeared to be protective (HR, 0.62; P = 0.02). The presence of at least one copy of the haplotype ([-597G, -572G, -373[10A/11T], -174G]) was associated with worse disease-free survival (HR, 1.46; P = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier plots show that all patients in this group relapsed by 24 months from diagnosis. This poor-risk haplotype was quite common overall (estimated frequency, 0.20) and twice as frequent among Blacks (estimated frequency, 0.41). [Cancer Res 2009;69(10):4184–91]