tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical response to cyclosporin in chronic severe asthma is associated with reduction in serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations
Authors: AG Alexander, NC Barnes, AB Kay, CJ Corrigan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Activated T-lymphocytes play an important role in asthma pathogenesis and release soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), which can be detected in the serum. In a recent randomized, cross-over trial we showed that cyclosporin, an inhibitor of T-lymphocyte activation, improved lung function in patients with chronic severe asthma. To investigate whether changes in serum sIL-2R concentration could be related to clinical response we prospectively compared serum sIL-2R concentrations in patients during cyclosporin and placebo treatment. Peripheral venous blood was obtained from 22 patients during the last 4 weeks of both the cyclosporin and placebo treatment periods and serum stored at -80 degrees C pending measurement of sIL-2R concentration by enzyme immunoassay. Soluble IL-2R was detected in all samples at a concentration range of 191-2,297 U.ml-1. Mean serum concentrations of sIL-2R were significantly lower on cyclosporin therapy (560 U.ml-1) as compared with placebo (676 U.ml-1). The decreases in serum sIL-2R concentrations associated with cyclosporin therapy in these patients correlated with the percentage increases in their morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements on cyclosporin as compared with placebo. These data demonstrate that in patients with chronic severe asthma, cyclosporin therapy which results in clinical improvement is associated with a decrease in serum concentrations of sIL-2R. This is compatible with the hypothesis that cyclosporin ameliorates asthma, at least partly, by inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation.
‘Hysteria’, ‘Functional' or ‘Psychogenic’? a Survey of British Neurologists’ Preferences
Authors: C J Mace, M R Trimble
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

The diagnostic preferences of British neurologists for patients who lack a physical explanation for their symptoms were assessed by means of a postal questionnaire. Analysis of 168 completed replies showed 'functional', 'psychogenic' and 'hysteria' to be the most popular terms in use. The number of different terms a clinician would use rose in line with the volume of such patients they encountered, but was unrelated to clinician factors such as the extent of their clinical experience in psychiatry. A specific enquiry into these respondents' interpretation of the term 'functional' revealed a clear consensus as to which syndromes it should apply to, although this consensus was not shared by a comparison group of psychiatrists.
Abstract 205: The Effect of Chest Compressions on ETCO2 Levels During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ahamed H Idris, Saeed Babaeizadeh, Mohamud Daya, Dana Edelson, Reza Firoozabadi, Eric Helfenbein, Sophia Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Previous investigations have suggested that end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) values are proportional to cardiac output over a wide range of flow rates, including very low flow rates. Cardiopulmonar...
Long-term effect of urban air pollution on lung function
Authors: Valérie Siroux, Johanna Lepeule, Caroline Arnould, Anne Boudier, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Isabelle Rios, Claire Chappaz, Xavier Morelli, Nino Künzli, Francine Kauffmann, Remy Slama, Isabelle Pin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Long-term effects of air pollution on lung function remain uncertain particularly for adults.   Aims:  To investigate the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) – used as a marker for local traffic-related pollution - and particulate matter  10 ) in the urban area of Grenoble (France) and lung function in adults.   Methods:  Lung function parameters (FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 1 /FVC% predicted assessed using the Stanojevic equations) were assessed between 2001-2007 for 450 adults living in Grenoble (120 asthmatics and 330 non asthmatics), in the frame of the follow-up of two epidemiological studies, EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment on Asthma) and ECRHS (European Community Respiratory Health Survey). The annual means of NO 2 (2004 ) and PM 10 (2008)  levels were estimated at the home addresses using a dispersion model and were combined to time-specific measures from the permanent air quality monitoring stations to capture temporal variations in exposure (the year before the lung function measurement). Linear regression models were stratified by asthma and adjusted for sex, age, BMI, active and passive smoking, occupational group, atopy, study and for asthmatics inhaled corticosteroids.   Results:  Medians concentrations (μg/m 3 ) were 34 (IQR 31-38) for NO 2  and 31 (IQR 29-33) for PM 10 . In non asthmatics, for a 10μg/m 3  increase in NO 2  and PM 10 , FVC% predicted decreased by 3.7 (p=.01) and 11.7 (p=.03) and FEV 1 % predicted by 3.3 (p=.02) and 9.0 (p=.07) respectively. Similar but not significant negative trends were observed in asthmatics.   Conclusion:  Results suggest negative associations of home outdoor NO 2  and PM 10  with lung function in non asthmatics.  Grant:region Rhone-Alpes (CIBLE)
Three years experience with a new balloon catheter for the management of haemoptysis
Authors: L Freitag, E Tekolf, G Stamatis, M Montag, D Greschuchna
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

For the management of severe haemoptysis we have developed a double-lumen, bronchus-blocking catheter that can be introduced through the working channel of a standard fibrebronchoscope. We wondered whether this catheter would be suitable to control pulmonary haemorrhage in clinical practice. Over a period of 36 months, 30 of these catheters were used in 27 patients with moderate and massive pulmonary bleeding from various lesions. Underlying diseases were: malignancies (11), vascular deformities (5), tuberculosis (4), silicosis (2), carcinoids (2), silicosis (2), endometriosis (1), bronchiectasis (1). In 26 cases, the transbronchoscopic balloon tamponade was successful. In one patient, tumour growth close to the carina prevented securing of the balloon and double-lumen tube intubation was required. There were only minor complications attributable to the balloon. With the catheter in place for up to seven days, patients underwent surgery, received radiation, chemotherapy, drug treatment or bronchial arterial embolization. In conclusion, we found this double-lumen, bronchus-blocking device safe and the technique practicable to control pulmonary haemorrhage.
Treatment outcome and prognostic factors for primary mediastinal (thymic) B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter study of 106 patients.
Authors: M Lazzarino, E Orlandi, M Paulli, J Sträter, C Klersy, U Gianelli, L Gargantini, M T Rousset, M Gambacorta, E Marra, T Lavabre-Bertrand, U Magrini, C Manegold, C Bernasconi, P Möller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

To define clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and prognostic factors of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (MBL), a CD20+ tumor recognized as a distinct entity among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL).One hundred six patients presented with disease confined to thorax (86%), bulky mediastinum (73%), superior vena cava syndrome (47%), and contiguous infiltration (57%). Ninety-nine received doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy (CHT).Thirty-five of 99 patients were primarily CHT-resistant, and 64 responded: 23 achieved complete response (CR) and 41 achieved response with residual mediastinal abnormality. Seventy-seven percent of responders received mediastinal radiotherapy (RT). Of 64 responders, 18 (28%) relapsed: none of 23 CR patients and 18 of 41 (44%) with residual mediastinal abnormality. Relapse-free survival rate of responders was 71% at 3 years. Actuarial 3-year survival rate was 52% for all patients and 82% for responders. Predictive factors of poor outcome were identified by logistic regression; Cox survival analysis was performed on death and relapse. Pericardial effusion (P < .001) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status > or = 2 (P = .009) predicted nonresponse (NR) and affected survival. Less than partial midway response to CHT predicted NR to subsequent therapies. Bulky disease was related to persistent mediastinal abnormality and risk of relapse (P = .025).MBL is an aggressive NHL with unique clinicopathologic aspects, often refractory to current CHT designed for high-grade NHL. Poor performance status and pericardial effusion predict NR and poor survival. Inadequate response after the first courses of front-line CHT predicts failure of subsequent treatment. Responders with bulky mediastinum or residual mediastinal abnormality after CHT are at risk of relapse. These factors should help to select high-risk patients for intensive treatments.
The relevance of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in the management of breast carcinoma.
Authors: G N Ege, T Elhakim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The incidence, implications, and significance of an abnormal internal mammary lymphoscintigram (IML) in 981 breast carcinoma patients without histologic or clinical evidence of axillary metastases is reported. A 13%-16% incidence of parasternal abnormality in patients with early, operable disease correlates well with clinical data. The statistically significant increase, with P consistently less than or equal to 0.005, in incidence of local or distant relapse associated with an abnormal IML when compared to the normal IML emphasizes the value of the procedure as a marker. These results indicate that patients with negative axillae but an abnormal IML should be considered to have stage II disease and should be offered adjuvant therapy. The significance of the IML in determining the true extent of disease in patients with apparent local relapse as well as the prognostic implications of an abnormal IML in 311 patients seen initially with recurrent breast carcinoma is also reported.
Evidence for Function of Thymic Tissue in Diffusion Chambers Implanted in Neonatally Thymectomized Mice. Preliminary Report
Authors: R. H. Levey, N. Trainin, L. W. Law
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Journal Article Evidence for Function of Thymic Tissue in Diffusion Chambers Implanted in Neonatally Thymectomized Mice. Preliminary Report Get access R. H. Levey, R. H. Levey Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute4, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Trainin, N. Trainin Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute4, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. W. Law L. W. Law Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute4, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 31, Issue 2, August 1963, Pages 199–217, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/31.2.199 Published: 01 August 1963 Article history Received: 08 May 1963 Published: 01 August 1963
Mapping the Future of Neuro-oncology
Authors: W. K. Alfred Yung, C. David James
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2006)

Taking on a successful journal and trying to find ways to improve it is something like adding an agent to an effective chemotherapy regimen: How do you balance the improvements you can attain against the risk of harm you may inadvertently do?

As the new editor and co-editor of Neuro-Oncology, we are delighted (and a bit overwhelmed) to have in our hands the premier journal in the field — a journal whose impact score reflects top-tier performance even among the highly regarded general oncology periodicals. We owe a great debt of thanks to Founding Editor Darell D. Bigner, our friend and colleague, for his inestimable contributions to the success of Neuro-Oncology and his continued contributions as a trusted advisor and critic. Not only has he built Neuro-Oncology from the ground up, but he has also secured the support of the Society for Neuro-Oncology, the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology, the European Association for Neuro-Oncology, and the World Federation of Neuro-Oncology Societies to help create a truly global publication. His early vision for this journal was (and still is) shared by the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation of the United States, whose initial grant created the journal and whose continued support still plays a vital role in its operations.
Prospects for estimating nucleotide divergence with RAPDs.
Authors: A G Clark, C M Lanigan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

The technique of random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), which is simply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA by a single short oligonucleotide primer, produces complex patterns of anonymous polymorphic DNA fragments. The information provided by these banding patterns has proved to be of great utility for mapping and for verification of identity of bacterial strains. Here we consider whether the degree of similarity of the banding patterns can be used to estimate nucleotide diversity and nucleotide divergence. With haploid data, fragments generated by RAPD-PCR can be treated in a fashion very similar to that for restriction-fragment data. Amplification of diploid samples, on the other hand, requires consideration of the fact that presence of a band is dominant to absence of the band. After describing a method for estimating nucleotide divergence on the basis of diploid samples, we summarize the restrictions and criteria that must be met when RAPD data are used for estimating population genetic parameters.
Thymoma with myasthenic syndrome
Authors: Georgy Pahomov, Rustem Hayaliev, Davlathon Maksumov, Shuhrat Hudaybergenov, Orzumurod Holmirzaev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The frequency of thymic tumors in patients with generalized myasthenia is 9-16%, and 40% of thymomas accompanied by the development of myasthenia. The increase in autoimmune diseases in the population has led to a significant increase in the incidence myasthenia.  Purpose. Improve the results of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with thymoma with myasthenic syndrome.  Materials and methods. Male - 34, women - 33. Distribution by age: under 14 -3, 14-30 years-24, 30-40 - 20, and 50 -12 patients, patients older than 50 - 8. The weakness and fatigue in the muscles of the upper and lower extremities 47 patients complained of, a violation of the act of swallowing and choking when taking liquid food 33, nasal voice and speech changes in 26 patients and 29 patients with diplopia.  Results and their discussion: 63 patients with various forms of thymoma with myasthenic syndrome were performed surgery. Postoperative complications were noted in 9 patients. Heavy myasthenic crisis with pronounced symptoms of respiratory failure - 6 (9.52%), sternal osteomyelitis - 1 (1.58%), ligature fistula - 2 (3.17%). 1 patient held on 4 sessions of plasmapheresis. As a result of therapy, the condition of patients stabilized somewhat, myasthenic crisis cropped. Two patients in connection with the development of myasthenic crisis pronounced symptoms of respiratory failure transferred on mechanical ventilation. Other complications were stopped conservatively. Hospital mortality - not observed.  CONCLUSIONS: Tumors of the thymus have absolute indications for surgery, regardless of the severity of myasthenic disorders. Surgical treatment is contraindicated in patients with a serious condition, caused by uncompensated myasthenic disorders.
&lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Production of Murine Leukemia Virus by Cells Differing in a Single Allele&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. J. Hackett, J. S. Manning, R. B. Owens
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Adult and fetal tissues from 2 types of HRS/J mice, hairless (gene symbolshr/hr) and haired (+/+), produced C-type particles in vivo and continued to release virus after many weeks in tissue culture. The 2 types of mice are congenic; i.e., they differ only with respect to alleles at the hairless (mutant) locus. The virus produced was morphologically and biophysically typical of the murine leukemia viruses.
Optical Radiation Measurements: Instrumentation and Sources of Error&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R J Landry, F A Andersen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Optical Radiation Measurements: Instrumentation and Sources of Error Get access Robert J. Landry, Robert J. Landry 3Bureau of Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane (HFX-220), Rockville, Md. 20857. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Alan Andersen F. Alan Andersen 4Bureau of Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 8757 Georgia Ave. (HFK-300), Silver Spring, Md. 20910. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 1, July 1982, Pages 155–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.1.155 Published: 01 July 1982
Effect of oxygen administration on the breathing pattern during haemodialysis in man
Authors: RM Heyrman, WA De Backer, JP Van Waeleghem, MJ Willemen, PA Vermeire, ME De Broe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

During haemodialysis (HD), allowing important CO2- unloading, an irregular breathing pattern (BP) is frequently observed. This has been attributed to a decrease in central chemoreceptor firing, with a greater contribution of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the chemical drive to breathe. To provide further evidence for these findings we studied five patients with end-stage renal failure in chronic HD. They underwent HD with a cuprophane membrane and acetate-containing dialysate. Ventilation was measured continuously using respiratory inductance plethysmography. Oxygen was administered for 30 min, using nasal cannulae, at a rate of 6 l.min-1, starting 130 min after the onset of the HD. Blood gases were taken from the arterial line. During the initial air breathing, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased from 12.3 +/- 1.2 kPa (92.8 +/- 8.9 mmHg) at 0 min to 10.5 +/- 1.8 kPa (79.0 +/- 13.3 mmHg) at 2 h (p less than 0.01) (mean +/- SD). All patients showed irregular breathing with 1.4 +/- 0.6 apnoeas exceeding 10 s per 10 min after 2 h. Minute ventilation decreased from 6.8 +/- 1.9 l.min-1 at 0 min to 5.4 +/- 1.3 l.min-1 at 2 h (p less than 0.05). During the O2 breathing, PaO2 increased to 26.3 +/- 4.0 kPa (197.8 +/- 30.3 mmHg) (p less than 0.001), while arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) remained unchanged. The irregular BP previously observed vanished completely. The mean number of apnoeas exceeding 10 s per 10 min decreased to 0.08 +/- 0.12 during O2 (p less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imaging of Human Melanoma Xenografts in Nude Mice With a Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Ghose, S Ferrone, K Imai, S T Norvell, S J Luner, R H Martin, A H Blair
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

External photoscanning with display of radioactivity data as a color-scaled image detected xenografts of human melanoma in male nude inbred mice of BALB/c background 48 hours after injection of 131I-labeled monoclonal IgG 225.28S that is specific for human melanoma. A 131I-labeled polyclonal goat IgG against human melanoma-associated antigens could also image the tumor, but with this preparation there was considerable localization of radioactivity in normal tissues, resulting in less satisfactory tumor definition. Labeled normal mouse IgG did not image the melanoma grafts. Assay of radioactivity in tissues of melanoma-grafted mice confirmed tumorspecific localization of the antimelanoma antibodies. The tumor:blood ratio of radioactivity was 6.55 with the monoclonal antimelanoma IgG and 0.45 with the polyclonal IgG.
Inspiratory muscle constraint during exercise in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Barbara Joureau-Harasse, Gilles Garcia, Christian Straus, Elise Arnaud Macari, Xavier Jaïs, David Montani, Laurent Savale, Olivier Sitbon, Gérald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Thomas Similowski, Pierantonio Laveneziana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We examined the impact of potential inspiratory muscle constraint on dynamic operating lung volumes response during symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).  Thirty-three young non-smoking PAH patients (idiopathic=26; heritable=7) with normal body mass index and no spirometric evidence of obstructive ventilatory defect (FEV 1 /FVC=115±10% predicted) performed a CPET to limit of tolerance. Ventilatory profile, operating lung volumes [derived from inspiratory capacity (IC) measurements] and inspiratory flow reserve (IFR), an indirect index of inspiratory muscle constraint/fatigue,were assessed throughout CPET.  Twenty-two patients (67%) decreased IC (i.e., dynamic hyperinflation) throughout exercise by 0.50L (PAH-H), whereas the remaining patients (33%) increased IC by 0.36L (PAH-NH). V9E and V9O2 at peak exercise were comparable between the two groups. Despite these differences in operating lung volumes response, IFR at peak exercise was not statistically different between PAH-H and PAH-NH (1.9±1.0 vs 2.0±0.8L/s, p=0.7).  Both PAH-H and PAH-NH achieved inspiratory tidal flows that approached a similar percentage of the maximal available inspiratory flows (i.e., similar IFR), suggesting that the inspiratory flow-generating reserve of the inspiratory muscles at peak exercise was similar (but occurred at different operating lung volumes). The presence of inspiratory muscle constraint/fatigue and its contribution in modulating the dynamic operating lung volumes response to CPET is unlikely.   Support:  1) International Re-integration Grants (IRG), FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG; 2) PFIZER Investigator-Initiated Research (IIR).
Phase II trial of docetaxel in previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Japanese cooperative study.
Authors: H Kunitoh, K Watanabe, T Onoshi, K Furuse, H Niitani, T Taguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

This phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of moderate-dose (60 mg/m2) docetaxel in Japanese patients with previously untreated advanced (stage IIIB or IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Docetaxel 60 mg/m2 was administered intravenously over 1 to 2 hours to patients with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. No routine premedication was given. The patients' median age was 67 years (range, 40 to 80). Forty-four patients (59%) had adenocarcinoma and 55 (73%) had stage IV disease. The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was 1.Seventy-five patients were eligible and treated with docetaxel. Fourteen patients (19%) achieved a partial response (PR); response was not significantly affected by histology or clinical stage. The median survival time for all patients was 297 days. The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, with 87% of patients experiencing grade 3 or 4. Febrile neutropenia was seen in eight patients. Hypersensitivity and edema each occurred in only 4% of patients and were easily manageable. There was no possible treatment-related death of acute exacerbation of pneumonitis.Docetaxel 60 mg/m2 showed significant activity in advanced NSCLC, with a low incidence of hypersensitivity or peripheral edema. Further investigation of this agent in NSCLC is warranted, especially in combination with other active drugs.