tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of Platelets in Platelet-Rich Plasma by Rotablation Is Speed-Dependent and Can Be Inhibited by Abciximab (c7E3 Fab; ReoPro)
Authors: Marlene S. Williams, Barry S. Coller, Heikki J. Väänänen, Lesley E. Scudder, Samin K. Sharma, Jonathan D. Marmur
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Rotational atherectomy with the Rotablator catheter has improved percutaneous treatment of certain coronary atherosclerotic lesions, but the “no-reflow” phenomenon remains a serious complication. Because platelet activation by rotablation may contribute to the no-reflow phenomenon, we developed an in vitro system to test the effect of rotablation on platelets in the absence or presence of platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade with abciximab. Methods and Results —Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from 28 healthy human volunteers. PRP was divided into 4 samples: (1) no treatment, (2) 6D1 (anti–GP Ib), (3) c7E3 Fab (anti–GP IIb/IIIa+α v β 3 ), and (4) c7E3 Fab+6D1. Samples were pumped through a flow chamber containing a 2.5-mm burr rotating at various speeds and then placed in an aggregometer. PRP samples tested in the absence of antibody underwent more rapid and extensive aggregation when rotablated at 150 000 and 180 000 rpm compared with 0 rpm ( P &lt;0.001 at both speeds). Preincubation of platelets with c7E3 Fab decreased the slope of aggregation at each rotablation speed, with 98%, 79%, and 71% reductions at 70 000, 150 000, and 180 000 rpm, respectively ( P =0.09 for 70 000 and P &lt;0.001 for both 150 000 and 180 000 rpm). Preincubation of platelets with 6D1 did not decrease the slope of aggregation at any rotablation speed ( P &gt;0.5, P =0.99, and P =0.091 for 70 000, 150 000, and 180 000 rpm). Platelet ATP release, a marker of granule release and cell damage, was markedly increased at 180 000 rpm ( P =0.002 compared with 0 rpm in the control group). Electron microscopy revealed extensive rotablation-induced platelet damage at 150 000 and 180 000 rpm, and leakage of LDH confirmed platelet lysis at these speeds ( P =0.002 and P &lt;0.001 compared with 0 rpm). Conclusions —High-speed rotablation induces platelet activation of PRP, leading to aggregation; pretreating PRP with abciximab decreases the aggregation. These data suggest that pretreatment of patients with abciximab may decrease rotablation-induced platelet aggregation during rotational atherectomy.
General practitioner to a football club.
Authors: S Carne
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Whilst alterations in surfactant components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have been described in a variety of pulmonary diseases in adults, no information is available on the surfactant composition in children beyond the neonatal period. In order to obtain reference values for the paediatric age group, we have studied phospholipid profiles of BALF in children without pulmonary disease. The study population consisted of 38 children aged 3-15 yrs (mean +/- SD 8 +/- 4 yrs) undergoing elective surgery for nonpulmonary illnesses. Surfactant composition was analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography using both an ultraviolet and a light-scattering detector. Total phospholipid concentration was higher in children under 8 yrs of age and decreased with age. In contrast, the total protein concentration remained constant throughout the age range. No age-related changes in the relative composition of phospholipid fractions could be observed. Surfactant protein A concentrations were highly variable in all age groups. This study provides the first data on surfactant components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy children and will be the basis for future studies of children with pulmonary diseases.
708 45T/G POLYMORPHISM IN ADIPONECTIN (EXON 2) ASSOCIATED WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) AND CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A. Gupta, S. Mg, J. Singh, P. Sakhuja, Y. Singh, S.F. Basir, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Somatostatin Receptors in the Orbits
Authors: ISMET DURAK, HATICE DURAK, MEHMET ERGIN, YAKUP YUREKLI, SULEYMAN KAYNAK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

In-111 pentetreotide has been recommended for the detection of somatostatin receptor (SSR) positive tumors. Sites with increased numbers of activated lymphocytes may also show In-111 pentetreotide with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) compared to various other orbital disorders. Five patients with GO, three patients with necrotizing scleritis, and two patients with orbital pseudotumor were imaged at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after injection of In-111 pentetreotide. Although planar images did not show considerable uptake, SPECT slices showed marked and persistent uptake in the orbits unilaterally in one patient, and bilaterally in three patients with GO. There was no significant correlation between the In-111 pentetreotide activity and the degree of opthalmopathy determined by Werner's classification. Pseudotumors also showed positive uptake. Early uptake was present in one patient with necrotizing scleritis because of Wegener's granulomatosis, and was completely diminished at 24 hours. Octreotide treatment in three patients with GO did not cause any clinical improvement. Although the presence of SSR, either on the infiltrated lymphocytes or on fibroblasts, implies that octreotide treatment for GO can be considered, the results are not encouraging. Nonspecific binding might be present when uptake patterns of orbits and persistence of activity during octreotide treatment are considered.
A 43 year old woman with a 40 year history of exertional chest pain
Authors: P. D. Morris, K. J. Trevest, A. Y. Butt, E. D. Grech
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 43 year old Asian woman was referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic with recurrent episodes of chest pain, which she had experienced since early childhood. She described the chest pain as a central tightness that occurred when she exercised. She had recently developed paroxysms of fast regular palpitations, which had prompted her referral. Her only known coronary risk factor was a family history of premature coronary disease. Physical examination was unremarkable and her blood pressure was 110/56 mm Hg. Routine haematology and biochemistry tests, including her thyroid stimulating hormone concentration, were all within normal limits. A 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) showed normal sinus rhythm. A 24 hour Holter ECG showed sinus rhythm with occasional supraventricular ectopic beats and no suggestions of any ST segment change (no diary entries). Chest radiography, echocardiography, and pulmonary function tests were unremarkable. She went on to have a Bruce protocol exercise tolerance test. Her ECG at peak exercise (eight minutes) is shown (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Exercise tolerance electrocardiogram





### 1 What does the exercise tolerance ECG show?

#### Short answer

Down-sloping ST segment depression in the lateral leads (V4-V6), which is suggestive of myocardial ischaemia (fig 2⇓).



Fig 2 Exercise tolerance electrocardiogram showing ST segment depression in leads V4, V5, and V6 (arrows) 



#### Long answer

Down-sloping and planar (horizontal) ST segment depression are more specific for underlying ischaemia than up-sloping ST depression, which can be a normal phenomenon during exercise. The depth of ST depression (1.5 mm in this case) is …
Reduction in vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation by bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist
Authors: R. H FALK, R. D DESILVA, B. LOWN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The effect of a dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, on ventricular fibrillation (VF) threshold was studied in anaesthetised dogs. Bromocriptine produced an increase of 50% in VFT. Pretreatment with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol abolished the effects of bromocriptine on VF threshold as did pretreatment with the peripheral dopamine antagonist, domperidone. It is concluded that bromocriptine reduces vulnerability of the nonischaemic canine ventricle to fibrillation. This effect is most probably mediated by peripheral presynaptic stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, thereby inhibiting noradrenaline release.
Donald Ingram Rice
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​DonaldDonald Ingram Rice, former executive director College of Family Physicians of Canada (b Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Canada 1920; q Dalhousie University 1951), died from Parkinson's disease on 19 May 2005.




Figure 1




Donald Rice was an advocate for general practitioners and family medicine, both in Canada and around the world. In Canada, he was instrumental in establishing a two year family medicine training programme. He also campaigned for family medicine to be accepted as an academic discipline. He was a founding member of the World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians, served as its first chairman of council, and was its president from 1974 to 1976. He was also a founding member of the International Centre for Family Medicine. He leaves a wife, Ann, and two children.
Return of a system based on social values
Authors: Dougal Jeffries
Journal: BMJ (2006)

As people began to realise that preventing themselves from becoming unwell was infinitely preferable to having avoidable illnesses treated, they started to listen more carefully to the government's health promotion messages: eating more healthily, drinking more sensibly, taking more exercise, and avoiding unnecessary exposure to the sun.Generally, the media helped move the process along.In particular, they played a major part in making drug misuse completely unfashionable.The resultant substantial reductions in type 2 diabetes, and in heart, lung, and liver disease, has greatly eased the burden on the healthcare system.Reversal of the rising incidence of skin cancer inevitably took longer, but it has now levelled off and is slowly beginning to fall.
RECURRING OR HABITUAL EPISTAXIS, WITH A CONSIDERATION OF THIRTY-SEVEN CASES.
Authors: E. L. VANSANT
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The term recurring or habitual epistaxis designates a class of cases where nasal hemorrhage of varied degrees of severity recurs at intervals, during a greater or less period of time. The history given in some of the cases is that of a slight hemorrhage; perhaps only sufficient to lightly stain the handkerchief after blowing or picking the nose. Such slight oozing may recur several times daily or at comparatively long intervals. In other cases, the history is that of a profuse hemorrhage lasting several minutes or longer, which may occur after blowing the nose, or follow any slight mental or physical excitement. The frequency of the attacks may vary considerably. Among the general causes of recurring epistaxis are: Diseases affecting the blood vessels or associated with alteration of the constituent parts of the blood, as in scorbutus, purpura hemorrhagica, simple and pernicious anemia, plethora, hemophilia, malaria, and exceptionally in septic
Hydrogen Bonded Multilayer Films Based on Poly(2‐oxazoline)s and Tannic Acid
Authors: Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy, Maarten Vergaelen, Samarendra Maji, Rachel Auzély‐Velty, Zhiyue Zhang, Bruno G. De Geest, Richard Hoogenboom
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

In recent years, the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly based on hydrogen bonding interactions is gaining popularity for the preparation of thin film coatings, especially for biomedical purposes, based on the use of neutral, non‐toxic building blocks. The use of tannic acid (TA) as hydrogen bonding donor is especially interesting as it results in LbL films that are stable under physiological conditions. In this work, investigations on the LbL thin film preparation of TA with poly(2‐oxazoline)s with varying hydrophilicity, namely poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx), poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx) and poly(2‐n‐propyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PnPropOx), are reported. The LbL assembly process is investigated by quartz crystal microbalance and UV‐vis spectroscopy revealing linear growth of the film thickness. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates the LbL assembly of TA, and PMeOx is found to be mostly enthalpy driven while the LbL assembly of TA with PEtOx and PnPropOx is mostly entropy driven. Finally, scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry demonstrate the formation of smooth thin films for LbL assembly of TA with all three polymers. Such poly(2‐oxazoline) coatings have high potential for use as anti‐biofouling coatings.
How to implement a no smoking policy.
Authors: P. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Genital warts.Secondary spread to the anal region is not uncommon.* Replace any cigarette vending machines * Place stubbing bins at entrances to smoking and non-smoking areas.You could call a final meeting of the working party and ensure the smooth handover to the personnel department.In particular, check responsibility for: * Handling the problems created by changes of staff accommodation * The monitoring of the policy * Sorting out any initial problems with implementation * Any non-compliance by
Cytomegalovirus Infection of Rats Increases the Neointimal Response to Vascular Injury Without Consistent Evidence of Direct Infection of the Vascular Wall
Authors: Yi Fu Zhou, Matie Shou, Esther Guetta, Raul Guzman, Ellis F. Unger, Zu Xi Yu, Jun Zhang, Toren Finkel, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Previous studies suggest that infection may play a role in restenosis and atherogenesis; cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the implicated pathogens. To determine a potential causal role of CMV in these disease processes, we assessed whether CMV infection increases the neointimal response to injury of the rat carotid artery.Carotid injury was performed on 60 rats; immediately thereafter, 30 rats were infected with rat CMV, and the other 30 were mock-infected. Six weeks later, rats were euthanized, and the salivary glands, spleen, and carotid arteries were harvested. CMV infection was associated with significant exacerbation of the neointimal response to injury (neointimal to medial ratio 0.81+/-0. 59 versus 0.31+/-0.38 in CMV-infected versus control rats; P<0.0001). This occurred despite absence of infectious virus from vascular tissues and detection of CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the injured artery only at day 3 after infection. Persistent distant infection, associated with systemic cytokine response, was evidenced by isolation of infectious virus from homogenates of both salivary glands and spleen and by higher serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 (but not interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in infected versus noninfected rats.CMV infection of immunocompetent adult rats increases the neointimal response to vascular injury, suggesting that CMV may play a causal role in atherosclerosis/restenosis. Importantly, this CMV-induced response occurs even without the presence of virus in the vascular wall, suggesting that inflammatory and immune responses to infection of nonvascular tissues may contribute to the vascular response to injury.
Outbreak of Adverse Reactions Associated with Contaminated Heparin
Authors: David B. Blossom, Alexander J. Kallen, Priti R. Patel, Alexis Elward, Luke Robinson, Ganpan Gao, Robert Langer, Kiran M. Perkins, Jennifer L. Jaeger, Katie M. Kurkjian, Marilyn Jones, Sarah F. Schillie, Nadine Shehab, Daniel Ketterer, Ganesh Venkataraman, Takashi Kei Kishimoto, Zachary Shriver, Ann W. McMahon, K. Frank Austen, Steven Kozlowski, Arjun Srinivasan, George Turabelidze, Carolyn V. Gould, Matthew J. Arduino, Ram Sasisekharan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In January 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began a nationwide investigation of severe adverse reactions that were first detected in a single hemodialysis facility. Preliminary findings suggested that heparin was a possible cause of the reactions.Information on clinical manifestations and on exposure was collected for patients who had signs and symptoms that were consistent with an allergic-type reaction after November 1, 2007. Twenty-one dialysis facilities that reported reactions and 23 facilities that reported no reactions were included in a case-control study to identify facility-level risk factors. Unopened heparin vials from facilities that reported reactions were tested for contaminants.A total of 152 adverse reactions associated with heparin were identified in 113 patients from 13 states from November 19, 2007, through January 31, 2008. The use of heparin manufactured by Baxter Healthcare was the factor most strongly associated with reactions (present in 100.0% of case facilities vs. 4.3% of control facilities, P<0.001). Vials of heparin manufactured by Baxter from facilities that reported reactions contained a contaminant identified as oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). Adverse reactions to the OSCS-contaminated heparin were often characterized by hypotension, nausea, and shortness of breath occurring within 30 minutes after administration. Of 130 reactions for which information on the heparin lot was available, 128 (98.5%) occurred in a facility that had OSCS-contaminated heparin on the premises. Of 54 reactions for which the lot number of administered heparin was known, 52 (96.3%) occurred after the administration of OSCS-contaminated heparin.Heparin contaminated with OSCS was epidemiologically linked to adverse reactions in this nationwide outbreak. The reported clinical features of many of the cases further support the conclusion that contamination of heparin with OSCS was the cause of the outbreak.
Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in the AGPAT2-Deficient Mouse Model of Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy
Authors: Víctor A. Cortés, David E. Curtis, Suja Sukumaran, Xinli Shao, Vinay Parameswara, Shirya Rashid, Amy R. Smith, Jimin Ren, Victoria Esser, Robert E. Hammer, Anil K. Agarwal, Jay D. Horton, Abhimanyu Garg
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
CpG Island Methylation and Expression of the Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein Gene Family in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Te-Hui Liu, Aparna Raval, Shih-Shih Chen, Jennifer J. Matkovic, John C. Byrd, Christoph Plass
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a clonal accumulation of mature neoplastic B cells indicating disruption of apoptosis. Restriction Landmark Genome Scanning was done to identify novel target genes silenced by CpG island methylation in CLL. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, was found to be frequently methylated in CLL samples. Wnt signaling has been shown to control normal apoptotic behavior and is required for normal B-cell development whereas aberrant activation of this pathway has been observed in CLL. We show aberrant DNA methylation and silencing of SFRP4, as well as of additional SFRP family members, in primary CLL samples. Induction of their expression in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, was shown. Of the five SFRP family members studied in detail, SFRP1 was hypermethylated and down-regulated in all CLL patient samples studied, suggesting that this epigenetic event is a critical step during leukemogenesis. Our results suggest that silencing of SFRPs by CpG island methylation is one possible mechanism contributing to aberrant activation of Wnt signaling pathway in CLL. (Cancer Res 2006; (66)2: 653-8)
Nucleotides as Nontoxic Endogenous Endosomolytic Agents in Drug Delivery
Authors: Hana Cho, Yong‐Yeon Cho, You Han Bae, Han Chang Kang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Nontoxic endogenous nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate have secondary phosphate groups, causing proton-buffering capacity and/or hemolytic activity in endolysosomal pH ranges. Nucleotides co-delivered in single polymeric pDNA nanocarrier induce highly enhanced transfection efficiency with negligible cytotoxicity due to their endosomolytic functions. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Maternal Use of Ginseng and Neonatal Androgenization-Reply
Authors: Gideon Koren
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  We find it interesting that Dr Awang doubts whether,  our patient, in fact Siberian ginseng was taken. The label of the drug claims that it contains pure Siberian ginseng. The drug is supposed to be under the control of his section, and he says that there are straightforward chromatographic methods to identify ginsenosides and eleutherosides. So why doesn't he do that? Isn't that what a regulator is supposed to do  protecting the public? As to the measured hormonal effects, by using the same product  a double-blind manner we have just shown that this woman has undetectable testosterone levels when ingesting Siberian ginseng and normal levels when ingesting placebo. We postulate that it contains a compound that acts like, and suppresses, endogenous testosterone.  Dr Fleiss shows us how unfortunate it is when breast-feeding turns into ideology. This child had severe androgenization. The mother was not ready
A MODIFICATION OF THE ASCHHEIM-ZONDEK TEST FOR PREGNANCY
Authors: HARRY L. REINHART
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Few if any laboratory diagnostic procedures are established on firmer scientific basis than the Aschheim-Zondek test for pregnancy. However, it has been repeatedly demonstrated in medicine that, while the scientific concepts and all theoretical considerations may be in harmony, actual practice has failed to confirm anticipations. It has been several years since Aschheim and Zondek<sup>1</sup>enunciated the principle and went far toward proving the practical value of the test that bears their name. Since that time, not only have the authors further demonstrated the practical value of the test by an extensive series of cases but similar reports have appeared from other laboratories. There has also appeared an occasional adverse report,<sup>2</sup>which we feel does not negate the basic value of the test but emphasizes some of the difficulties in the original technic of the test. Indeed, it is this problem which was responsible for our search for
Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: W R Brugge, M J Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus. The esophagus of a 69-year-old man with progressive dysphagia was visualized by several methods. Barium esophagography (Panel A) demonstrated a long, irregular distal stricture (arrows) just proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. Computed tomographic scanning (Panel B) showed a thickened esophageal wall (large arrow) and an enlarged paraaortic node (small arrow); Ao denotes aorta. Endoscopy (Panel C) revealed narrowing of the distal esophagus (solid arrows); a biopsy of the nodule (open arrow) demonstrated adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasonography of the distal esophagus (Panel D), a new technique, showed several structures in cross-section, including the aorta, an irregular . . .
A Rare Etiology of Ischemic Colitis - Amyloid Colitis
Authors: J.M. Perarnau, J.J. Raabe, A. Courrier, G. Peiffer, J.P. Hennequin, M.C. Bene, J. Arbogast
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Amyloid involvement of the colon resembles ischemic colitis. Authors report the case of an elderly female with immunocytic amyloidosis, in whom coloscopic aspects strongly suggest such a pathogenic mechanism.