tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk for Opportunistic Disease and Death after Reinitiating Continuous Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Previously Receiving Episodic Therapy
Authors: W M El-Sadr, B Grund, J Neuhaus, A Babiker, C J Cohen, J Darbyshire, S Emery, J D Lundgren, A Phillips, J D Neaton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Episodic use of antiretroviral therapy guided by CD4+ cell counts is inferior to continuous antiretroviral therapy. Objective: To determine whether reinitiating continuous antiretroviral therapy in patients who received episodic treatment reduces excess risk for opportunistic disease or death. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Sites in 33 countries. Patients: 5472 HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ cell counts greater than 0.350 × 109 cells/L enrolled from January 2002 to January 2006. Intervention: Episodic or continuous antiretroviral therapy initially, followed by continuous therapy in participants previously assigned to episodic treatment. Measurements: Opportunistic disease or death was the primary outcome. Results: Eighteen months after the recommendation to reinitiate continuous therapy, mean CD4+ cell counts were 0.152 × 109 cells/L (95% CI, 0.136 to 0.167 × 109 cells/L) less in participants previously assigned to episodic treatment (P < 0.001). The proportion of follow-up time spent with CD4+ cell counts of 0.500 × 109 cells/L or more and HIV RNA levels of 400 copies/mL or less was 29% for participants initially assigned to episodic therapy and 66% for those assigned to continuous therapy. Participants who reinitiated continuous therapy experienced rapid suppression of HIV RNA levels (89.7% with HIV RNA levels ≤400 copies/mL after 6 months), but CD4+ cell counts after 6 months remained 0.140 × 109 cells/L below baseline. The hazard ratio (episodic versus continuous treatment) for opportunistic disease or death decreased after the recommendation to reinitiate continuous therapy (from 2.5 [CI, 1.8 to 3.5] to 1.4 [CI, 1.0 to 2.0]; P = 0.033 for difference). The residual excess risk was attributable to failure to reinitiate therapy by some participants and slow recovery of CD4+ cell counts for those who reinitiated therapy. Limitation: Follow-up was too short to assess the full effect of switching from episodic to continuous antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Reinitiating continuous antiretroviral therapy in patients previously assigned to episodic treatment reduced excess risk for opportunistic disease or death, but excess risk remained. Episodic antiretroviral therapy, as used in the SMART study, should be avoided.
Abstract 15473: The Use of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts in Non-significant Lesions: Is There Harm to Patients?
Authors: Brian R Englum, Philip J Schulte, Brian C Gulack, C M Gibson, Renato D Lopes, Michael J Mack, T B Ferguson, Robert A Harrington, Peter K Smith, John H Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Studies have shown the negative impact of percutaneous coronary interventions in non-flow limiting lesions; however, similar effects have not been examined in the use of coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Using data from the PREVENT IV trial, we assessed rates of graft failure (≥75%) and adjusted long-term clinical outcomes by degree of native vessel stenosis (&gt; or ≤75%) at the time of CABG. Degree of native vessel stenosis was based on available categories in the PREVENT IV database. Differences in graft failure rates were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test, while clinical outcomes were compared in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 3,008 patients (including 10,298 grafts), 1,622 (54%) had one or more non-significant lesions bypassed. The use of bypass grafting varied by vessel and degree of stenosis - 95% of non-significant LAD lesions were bypassed, while 86% and 75% of non-significant left circumflex and right coronary artery lesions were bypassed, respectively. In the angiographic cohort (n=1,828 patients and 6,047 grafts), degree of stenosis was not associated with vein graft failure but was associated with internal mammary artery graft failure (Table). The bypass of a non-significant lesion was not associated with death or the composite of death, MI, or revascularization. Conclusion: The use bypass grafting to non-significant coronary lesions is common and is associated with higher degrees of IMA graft failure. We did not observe a relationship between bypassing of non-significant lesions and vein graft failure or clinical outcomes but had limited power to do so. Additional observational studies and adequate randomized clinical trials are necessary to define the optimal approach to surgical coronary revascularization.
A phase III randomized trial of high‐dose CEOP + filgrastim versus standard‐dose CEOP in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: 10‐year follow‐up data: Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group (ALLG) NHL07 trial
Authors: Mark Hertzberg, Jane Palfrey Matthews, Janey Malka Stone, Ming‐Celine Dubosq, Andrew Grigg, David Ellis, Warwick Benson, Peter Browett, Noemi Horvath, Henry Januszewicz, Ehtesham Abdi, Michael Green, Anthony Bonaventura, Paula Marlton, Paul Cannell, Max Wolf
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Increasing dose intensity (DI) of chemotherapy for patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) may improve outcomes at the cost of increased toxicity. This issue was addressed in a randomized trial aiming to double the DI of myelosuppressive drugs. Between 1994 and 1999, 250 patients with previously untreated aggressive NHL were randomized to treatment with six cycles of 3-weekly standard (s) or intensive (i) chemotherapy: s-CEOP-cyclophosphamide 750, epirubicin 75, vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2) all on day 1, and prednisolone 100 mg days 1-5; i-CEOP-cyclophosphamide 1,500, epirubicin 150, vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2) all on day 1, and prednisolone 100 mg days 1-5. Primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival (OS). Relative to s-CEOP patients, i-CEOP patients achieved a 78% increase in the DI of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin. Despite this, there was no significant difference in any outcome: 5-year OS (56.7% i-CEOP; 55.1% s-CEOP; P = 0.80), 5-year progression free survival (PFS; 41% i-CEOP; 43% s-CEOP; P = 0.73), 5-year time to progression (TTP; 44% i-CEOP; 47% s-CEOP; P = 0.72), or complete remission (CR) + unconfirmed CR (CRu) rates (53% i-CEOP; 59% s-CEOP; P = 0.64). Long-term follow up at 10 years also showed no significant differences in OS, PFS, or TTP. The i-CEOP arm had higher rates of febrile neutropenia (70 vs. 26%), hospitalisations, blood product utilisation, haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities, and lower quality of life scores during treatment, although without significant differences 6-month later. In the treatment of aggressive NHL in the prerituximab era, increasing DI did not result in improved outcomes, while at the same time lead to increased toxicity.
Intervention Boosts Cognitive Scores in People at Risk for Dementia
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

An intensive, multidomain prevention program appears to have slowed down cognitive decline in elderly people in a proof-of-concept trial conducted in Finland (Ngandu T et al. Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5 [published online March 11, 2015]).
Fibrinogen-coated albumin microcapsules reduce bleeding in severely thrombocytopenic rabbits
Authors: Marcel Levi, Philip W. Friederich, Sarah Middleton, Philip G. de Groot, Ya Ping Wu, Roy Harris, Bart J. Biemond, Harry F.G. Heijnen, Jack Levin, Jan Wouter ten Cate
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Heterogeneity in CBF beta/MYH11 fusion messages encoded by the inv(16)(p13q22) and the t(16;16)(p13;q22) in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: SA Shurtleff, S Meyers, SW Hiebert, SC Raimondi, DR Head, CL Willman, S Wolman, ML Slovak, AJ Carroll, F Behm
Journal: Blood (1995)
DRUG TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: S.W. HOOBLER, A.S. DONTAS
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1953)

Attempts to lower the blood pressure in hypertension are not necessarily harmful, since hypertension can be shown to be the cause of many complications of the disease and its reduction by a number of recently available drugs can be demonstrated to be fraught with few serious consequences except for occasional coronary or cerebral thrombosis or renal failure. Of the recent effective agents, the veratrum alkaloids and hexamethonium are the most potent, but their use is attended by many undesirable side effects closely associated with therapeutic efficacy, whereas hydrazinophthalazine and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids are less effective, but cause fewer side effects. There is no question that these drugs often have very satisfactory effects when administered in acute hypertensive emergencies. On the other hand, none is able to maintain a persistently normal blood pressure over many months, and all suffer the disadvantage of requiring continuous administration, probably throughout the life of the patient. This represents in itself a very major problem. Until more is known of the varied etiology of hypertension, these therapeutic agents are far from ideal, although they represent a remarkable advance from the therapeutic nihilism present only a few years ago.  reviewers would like to recall that older methods of management by psychotherapy, diet and sympathectomy, while not always effective, are still to be preferred, the first two in the less severe cases, and the last when other methods have proven unsuccessful.  report of Smithwick (257) on the greatly improved survival rates of sympathectomized as compared to medically treated patients, in spite of the fact that the reduction in blood pressure is often not permanent, makes us recall the saying of Hippocrates: What drugs cannot cure, surgery can. However, we have now reached a stage, with the aid of experimental pharmacology, where we can choose from among several ways to combat hypertensive disease. We may conclude with Professor J. McMichael (163) that, The desire to find benefit for our patients and enthusiasm for the ‘latest’ must be tempered with critical insight.  present mood, however, is one of quiet optimism.
Attitudes of Parents of High School Students About AIDS, Drug, and Sex Education in Schools—Rome, Italy, 1991
Authors: IT Istituto Superiore di Sanit, A Consorte, G Di Paolo, A R Iannetti, G Marani Toro, C Vedovelli, L R Curia, A Porcaro, Filiberto Molese, G Nasti, M P Corradi, S De Giorgi, M Greci, N Manzoni, Accurso, Stefano Brusaferro, Riccardo Tominz, Maria Grazia Agresti, Maria Barbara Alliegro, Andrea Gabbuti, P M Montiroli, P Napoli, Pietro Gallo, C Saitto, Gabriella Scuderi, Barbara Suligoi, Alberto Matteelli, S Amico, E D Aquilino, L Vassallo, Vera Lazzeri, M Meli, E Virgone, P Delle Foglie, L Sapori, G Moro, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Stefania Salmaso, Francesco Paolo Gianzi, Luigi Bertinato
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bronchoscopy as an indicator of tracheobronchial fungal infection in non-neutropenic intensive-care unit patients
Authors: Ö. Yazicioğlu Moçin, Z. Karakurt, F. Aksoy, G. Güngör, M. Partal, N. Adigüzel, E. Acartürk, S. Bati Kutlu, R. Baran, H. Erdem
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
More Smokes = Fewer Sons?
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Natural History of Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers
Authors: Roberto de Franchis, Gianmichele Meucci, Maurizio Vecchi, Maria Tatarella, Massimo Colombo, Ersilio Del Ninno, Maria Grazia Rumi, Maria Francesca Donato, Guido Ronchi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To assess the long-term outcome in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers who have normal liver function tests, focusing on survival and the development of severe liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.Cohort study with a mean follow-up of 130 months.Liver clinic of a referral center.Ninety-two HBsAg-positive blood donors with normal liver function tests.Histologic evaluation of liver specimens at baseline; clinical, biochemical, and serologic follow-up; and repeat liver biopsy if clinically indicated or after 10 years of follow-up.At baseline, 69 subjects had normal histologic findings or only minor abnormalities, 18 had chronic persistent hepatitis, and 5 had mild chronic active hepatitis. Serum enzyme levels remained normal in 58 of 68 patients who had regular follow-up. Three patients had biochemical changes consistent with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; in one of these patients, a later histologic evaluation showed progression to chronic active hepatitis. One patient developed alcoholic cirrhosis. Six other patients had mild or transient transaminase elevations, with no evidence of HBV replication, hepatitis D virus infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or histologic deterioration. Liver histologic findings also remained unchanged in 21 patients who showed no biochemical changes during 10 years of follow-up and consented to have repeated liver biopsy. Ten patients showed loss of HBsAg; 2 of these patients acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). All patients who did not have regular follow-up, except 1, were interviewed by telephone during 1990: All denied having liver disease. No patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma.Italian HBsAg carriers with initially normal liver function tests have an excellent prognosis: Delta superinfection is infrequent and the risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma is low.
Abstract 13918: Activation of Protective Intracellular Signaling Pathways in the Heart by Skeletal Muscle-Derived Cytokines During Remote Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Toyoharu Oba, Hideo Yasukawa, Nobuyoshi Futamata, Kazutoshi Mawatari, Takanobu Nagata, Sachiko Kyougoku, Hideki Oshima, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanism of cardioprotection during RIPC is not fully understood. Hematopoietic or gp130 cytokines have been shown to have cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle derived-cytokines induced by RIPC would activate cardiac intracellular signaling that has cardioprotective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury.   Methods and Results:  We measured plasma levels of cytokines before and after RIPC in healthy volunteers (n=10). RIPC was induced by three 5-minute episodes of right upper limb ischemia with an automated blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mmHg and by 5 minutes of cuff deflation for reperfusion. We found that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and G-CSF were significantly increased 24 hours after RIPC (IL-6: from 0.23 ± 0.05 to 0.62 ± 0.06 pg/ml, p   Conclusion:  These results suggest that expression of skeletal muscle-derived cytokines induced by RIPC may be a mechanism of cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Abstract MP43: The Population Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Statins for Primary Prevention in Adults 75 and Older in the United States
Authors: Michelle C Odden, Pamela Coxson, Divya Thekkethala, Mark Pletcher, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Several investigations have evaluated the cost effectiveness of a low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol “threshold” treatment strategy compared with a “risk-based” strategy based on a person’s 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). No studies to date have focused on adults 75 years and older. Methods: Based on the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model, a Markov model of the U.S. population, we forecasted the population impact of statin therapy over 10 years in adults aged 75-94 years. We compared two strategies for statin therapy in adults 75-94 years free of prevalent CHD and stroke: 1) treatment in anyone with LDL cholesterol &gt;100 mg/dL in diabetics, and &gt;130 mg/dL in non-diabetics, and 2) high intensity statins for persons with a 10-year CHD risk of &gt;20% and low intensity statin for persons with a risk of 10-20%, independent of LDL cholesterol level. We assumed the use of low-cost statins ($4 per month), 100% adherence, 3% discounting/year, and costs from a healthcare perspective. Results: The threshold strategy would treat an additional 50 million elders and prevent 99,000 incident myocardial infarctions and 55,000 CHD deaths at a cost of $ 1.4 billion, whereas the risk-based strategy would treat 103 million and prevent 143,000 incident myocardial infarctions and 97,000 CHD deaths at a cost of $ 7.8 billion. The threshold strategy is more cost-effective than the risk-based strategy ($4,300 vs. $18,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained). Conclusions: A risk-based strategy prevents more events compared with a threshold strategy due to the large proportion of older adults who have high 10-year CHD risk scores, but is less efficient than a threshold strategy in adults 75 years and older.
Abstract 5304: Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTDP-1/CD39) Over-Expression Delays in vivo Carotid Arterial Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Michael S Nickoli, Michael W Milks, Debra G Wheeler, Karen M Dwyer, Peter J Cowan, Simon C Robson, Anthony J d'Apice, Richard J Gumina
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Vascular injury results in release adenosine diphosphate (ADP), activating platelets leading to further release of ADP from platelet granules. ADP release results in platelet aggregatio...
c-Abl independent p73 stabilization during Gemcitabine or 4’-Thio-β-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (T-araC) induced apoptosis in wild-type and p53-null colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Jaideep V. Thottassery, Louise Westbrook, Hitoshi Someya, William B. Parker
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4688   Nucleoside anticancer drugs like gemcitabine (2’-deoxy-2’,2’-difluorocytidine) are potent inducers of p53 and ectopic expression of wild-type p53 sensitizes cells to these agents. However, it is also known that nucleosides are efficient activators of apoptosis in tumor cells that do not express a functional p53. To clarify this issue we examined the effects of gemcitabine and T-araC (1-[4-thio-β-D-arabinofuranosyl] cytosine) on p73, a structural and functional homologue of p53 whose activation could also account for nucleoside-induced apoptosis, since no functionally significant mutations of p73 have been reported in cancers. Acute treatment of HCT 116 colon carcinoma cells with gemcitabine or T-araC induced marked cytotoxicity and cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP. T-araC and gemcitabine markedly induced p53 accumulation, increased levels of phospho-p53 Ser15/20/46, and also induced its binding to a consensus p53 response element. Despite robust activation of p53 by T-araC and gemcitabine, we found that wild-type and p53 -/- HCT 116 cells exhibited almost equivalent sensitivity towards these nucleosides. Examination of p73, revealed that T-araC and gemcitabine markedly increased p73 protein levels and p73 DNA-binding activities in both p53 -/- and wild-type cells. Furthermore, T-araC and gemcitabine induced increases in p73 levels occur due to a decrease in p73 protein turnover. RNAi studies also demonstrated that nucleoside-induced p73 increases are independent of c-Abl, a nucleoside-activated kinase, which has been recently implicated in p73 stabilization. HCT 116 lines, wherein the downstream p53/p73 targets Bax and PUMA were deleted, were less sensitive to T-araC and gemcitabine. Together, these studies indicate that c-Abl independent p73 stabilization pathways, could account for the p53-independent mechanisms in nucleoside - induced apoptosis.
The schizophrenia risk gene product miR-137 alters presynaptic plasticity
Authors: Sandra Siegert, Jinsoo Seo, Ester J Kwon, Andrii Rudenko, Sukhee Cho, Wenyuan Wang, Zachary Flood, Anthony J Martorell, Maria Ericsson, Alison E Mungenast, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)