tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcription Factor RTEF-1 Mediates α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Reactivation of the Fetal Gene Program in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Joseph Suzow, Toru Kubota, Takahisa Ueyama, Hsiao-Huei Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —α 1 -Adrenergic receptor stimulation induces cardiac myocytes to hypertrophy and reactivates many fetal genes, including β-myosin heavy chain (βMyHC) and skeletal α-actin (SKA), by signaling through myocyte-specific CAT (M-CAT) cis elements, binding sites of the transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) family of transcription factors. To examine functional differences between TEF-1 and related to TEF-1 (RTEF-1) in α 1 -adrenergic reactivation of the fetal program, expression constructs were cotransfected with βMyHC and SKA promoter/reporter constructs in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. TEF-1 overexpression tended to transactivate a minimal βMyHC promoter but significantly interfered with a minimal SKA promoter. In contrast, RTEF-1 transactivated both the minimal βMyHC and SKA promoters. TEF-1 and RTEF-1 also affected the α 1 -adrenergic response of the βMyHC and SKA promoters differently. TEF-1 had no effect. In contrast, RTEF-1 potentiated the α 1 -adrenergic responses of the SKA promoter and of a −3.3-kb βMyHC promoter. To determine why the promoters responded differently to TEF-1 and RTEF-1, promoters with mutated M-CAT elements were tested in the same way. The βMyHC promoter required an intact M-CAT element to respond to TEF-1 and RTEF-1, whereas the SKA promoter M-CAT was required for the TEF-1 response but not for the RTEF-1 response, suggesting that SKA promoter–specific cofactors may be involved. By competition gel shift assay, the M-CAT of the minimal βMyHC promoter had a lower affinity than that of the SKA promoter, which partly explains the different responses of these promoters to TEF-1. These results highlight functional differences between TEF-1 and RTEF-1 and suggest a novel function of RTEF-1 in mediating the α 1 -adrenergic response in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes.
A CASE OF ELEPHANTIASIS NEUROMATOSA
Authors: R. L. Spittel, S. E. Fernando
Journal: BMJ (1929)

IL]EPBANTIABIS NEURLOMATOSA1-"au.hBJUs which, however, were associated with haiamatemesis and bacmaturia, and followedl vases of sep)tic scarlet fever.Goodall antd Washbouri-i haveo recor(ded four cases of ful- miinating p urpura haciorrhaigica, and( they r-egarded thel conditioni as a rare complication of scarlet fever.Thie cases of Rolleston and(l McCririek3 Wero characterized by tho absence of lhaemorlhage fruoiii inlious memiiibranes, and in thiis res)ect thmy resemubled the onie tiinder discussioni.How.ever, tie 1)eriod of illness from thle first appearance of eclhyrmosis till the fatal terminatiurn was inl the present case extremiely slhort.Tlio total duration was only thlirity lhours.These features bring the presenit case into thle category of pturpura fulnmiii ails.REFEREN(XS.
Interventions to Improve Adherence to Self-administered Medications for Chronic Diseases in the United States
Authors: Meera Viswanathan, Carol E. Golin, Christine D. Jones, Mahima Ashok, Susan J. Blalock, Roberta C.M. Wines, Emmanuel J.L. Coker-Schwimmer, David L. Rosen, Priyanka Sista, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Suboptimum medication adherence is common in the United States and leads to serious negative health consequences but may respond to intervention. Purpose: To assess the comparative effectiveness of patient, provider, systems, and policy interventions that aim to improve medication adherence for chronic health conditions in the United States. Data Sources: Eligible peer-reviewed publications from MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library indexed through 4 June 2012 and additional studies from reference lists and technical experts. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials of patient, provider, or systems interventions to improve adherence to long-term medications and nonrandomized studies of policy interventions to improve medication adherence. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently selected, extracted data from, and rated the risk of bias of relevant studies. Data Synthesis: The evidence was synthesized separately for each clinical condition; within each condition, the type of intervention was synthesized. Two reviewers graded the strength of evidence by using established criteria. From 4124 eligible abstracts, 62 trials of patient-, provider-, or systems-level interventions evaluated 18 types of interventions; another 4 observational studies and 1 trial of policy interventions evaluated the effect of reduced medication copayments or improved prescription drug coverage. Clinical conditions amenable to multiple approaches to improving adherence include hypertension, heart failure, depression, and asthma. Interventions that improve adherence across multiple clinical conditions include policy interventions to reduce copayments or improve prescription drug coverage, systems interventions to offer case management, and patient-level educational interventions with behavioral support. Limitations: Studies were limited to adults with chronic conditions (excluding HIV, AIDS, severe mental illness, and substance abuse) in the United States. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity hindered quantitative data pooling. Conclusion: Reduced out-of-pocket expenses, case management, and patient education with behavioral support all improved medication adherence for more than 1 condition. Evidence is limited on whether these approaches are broadly applicable or affect long-term medication adherence and health outcomes. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Carcinogenicity of diesel-engine and gasoline-engine exhausts and some nitroarenes
Authors: Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Robert A Baan, Yann Grosse, Béatrice Lauby-Secretan, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Neela Guha, Dana Loomis, Kurt Straif
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Alterations in Pulmonary Functions
Authors: William K. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There is probably no other area of clinical medicine in which alterations in respiratory function occur so often, so quickly, and for such varied reasons as in the patient subject to anesthesia and operative treatment. In this area, then, there is a definite and important but unfortunately, insufficiently emphasized relationship between surgery and basic biology. To further establish this relationship, some elements of basic respiratory physiology need to be considered. Respiratory function is dependent upon a very complex arrangement which includes at least (1) neurosensory elements, (2) central integration in the brain, (3) neuromuscular effectors (neurotransmission, neuromuscular transmission, musculoskeletal function), and (4) ventilation of the lung (movement of gas, circulation). The neurosensory elements detect changes of a chemical or physical nature in the bloodstream or in special cells, send these to brain centers where the signal is integrated with signals from other areas of the body, and the brain centers,
The fine structure of the elastic tendons in the human arrector pili muscle
Authors: F.GUERRA RODRIGO, G. COTTA-PEREIRA, J.F. DAVID-FERREIRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The elastic tendons by which the arrector pili muscle is inserted into the hair follicle were studied by light and electron microscopy. From the follicle to the muscle it was observed that these tendons are formed successively by oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres. In close contact with the smooth muscle cells, elaunin and elastic fibres were observed. The fibres penetrate the spaces between the muscle cells and are clamped by them. An explanation is advanced about the significance of this arrangement in the recovery after muscle contraction.
Inactivation of the elastase inhibitory activity of alpha 1 antitrypsin in fresh samples of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: K Chidwick, P G Winyard, Z Zhang, A J Farrell, D R Blake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The proteinase inhibitory ability of alpha 1 antitrypsin was measured in 23 samples of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, eight osteoarthritic synovial fluids and nine normal control serum samples. For each sample a detailed kinetic analysis was performed with porcine pancreatic elastase as the target proteinase. Samples were stored for less than 24 hours at 4 degrees C before analysis, which does not significantly alter the proportion of inactive alpha 1 antitrypsin. In rheumatoid synovial fluid the elastase inhibitory ability was disproportionately depressed relative to the immunochemically determined concentrations of alpha 1 antitrypsin.
STERCORIN AND CHOLESTEREMIA.
Authors: AUSTIN FLINT
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Looking far into the future, it seems possible that our successors may fix upon the month of May, 1946, as the true centennial of theAmerican Medical Association, dating the origin of this body from May, 1846, when a convention of representatives of our profession, held in New York, proposed the formation of a National association, which was formally organized in 1847. If your orator of today finds it impossible to do justice to this occasion, how much more difficult will it be to present, in a single address, an adequate picture of a full century of medical progress! The year 1946 will be the centennial of the application of anesthesia to surgery. It will be the third jubilee of the crowning glory of the eighteenth century, the completion of the discovery of vaccination, when the terrible scourge, smallpox, which had been more destructive to human life than war or
Policy and the Inevitability of Sharing: GINA and Social Media
Authors: Joon-Ho Yu, Rebecca S. Engrav
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationFundingThis manuscript was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award K99HG007076 (Yu). As a partner at Perkins Coie LLP, R. S. Engrav represents social media companies, among other clients. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institutes of Health, Perkins Coie LLP, or R. S. Engrav's clients.
Specter of Ground War Overshadows Desert Storm Medical, Peace Efforts
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

HOPES for peace, but a possible ground war, occupy US military medical planners as February draws to a close. However, this does not mean that fliers who have been waging the Desert Storm air war for 6 weeks are being overlooked. Monte B. Miller, MD, the three-star (lieutenant) general who is surgeon general of the US Air Force, emphasizes that there is a flight surgeon with every one of the squadrons that are flying against Iraqi forces. "There is no laboratory test to determine aircrew fatigue," Miller points out. "But our flight surgeons are living and working right there beside them, and can spot the flier who is becoming overstressed and needs to be grounded for a while to rest." Navy flight surgeons similarly are monitoring carrier-based and US Marine Corps fliers, as are Army physicians who are looking after helicopter aircrews. In addition to missions flown from bases or
Outcome of patients activating an unrelated donor search: the impact of transplant with reduced intensity conditioning in a large cohort of consecutive high-risk patients
Authors: A Rambaldi, A Bacigalupo, R Fanin, F Ciceri, F Bonifazi, M Falda, G Lambertenghi-Deliliers, F Benedetti, B Bruno, P Corradini, P E Alessandrino, P Iacopino, W Arcese, R Scimè, R Raimondi, S Sica, L Castagna, T Lamparelli, R Oneto, L Lombardini, S Pollichieni, A Algarotti, A Carobbio, N Sacchi, A Bosi
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

An unrelated donor (UD) search was submitted to the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry between February 2002 and December 2004, for 326 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies, eligible for a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) UD transplant. Only two regimens were allowed: melphalan, alemtuzumab, fludarabine and total body irradiation of 200 cGy (regimen A) and thiotepa, cyclophosphamide, anti-thymocyte globulin (regimen B). The outcome of patients receiving an UD transplant (n=121) was compared with patients who did not find a donor (n=205), in a time dependent analysis, correcting for time to transplant. The median follow up from activation of donor search was 6.1 years. UD transplant was associated with a significantly better survival in patients with acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) whereas only a favorable trend was documented for Hodgkin's disease. No survival benefit was registered for chronic leukemias. The outcome of the two different conditioning regimens was comparable, in terms of survival, transplant-related mortality and graft versus host disease. In conclusion, finding an UD and undergoing a RIC transplant significantly improves survival of patients with acute leukemia and NHL. The advantage is less clear for HD and chronic leukemias. The role of different conditioning regimens remains to be elucidated by prospective clinical trials.
Pathologic Classification and Fine Structure
Authors: D. J. Svoboda
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Many classifications of carcinoma of the nasopharynx have been proposed, but there is little agreement on an accurate but simple classification of these neoplasms. From examination of illustrations and descriptions published, it is evident that most of the disagreement involves the moderately to poorly differentiated tumors, and arises in part from variation and overlap in the histological pattern in different areas of a single tumor. Biopsies from the nasopharynx are often small fragments in which all histological patterns of a carcinoma may not be represented. In addition, there appears to be little uniformity among pathologists in the histological diagnosis of the less differentiated tumors. There is little dispute regarding pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, or adenoid cystic carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Similarly, well-differentiated epidermoid carcinomas containing keratin and intercellular bridges offer little difficulty in classification. The majority of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, however, are poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing tumors, and, though evidence
Involvement of arachidonate cyclooxygenase products in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) in guinea pigs
Authors: M. Saito, M. Fujimura, S. Sakamoto, Y. Miyake, H. Shintani, M. Yasui, T. Matsuda
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) on bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) were investigated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea pigs in order to examine the role of the cyclooxygenase pathway in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Pretreatment with aerosolized OKY-046 significantly inhibited the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine, but pretreatment with intravenous indomethacin showed a tendency to potentiate bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These results suggest that subthreshold concentration of thromboxane A2 contributes to bronchial hyperresponsiveness through activating the cyclooxygenase pathway including thromboxane A2 synthesis, and that the released cyclooxygenase products have an inhibitory effect on the bronchial hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.
Inositide-specific phospholipase c β1 gene deletion in the progression of myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: V R Lo Vasco, G Calabrese, L Manzoli, G Palka, A Spadano, E Morizio, P Guanciali-Franchi, D Fantasia, L Cocco
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Scanning electron microscopy of the liver cell cytoskeleton
Authors: Takeshi Okanoue, Masaharu Ohta, Shinji Fushiki, Ongyoku Ou, Kazutomo Kachi, Tadao Okuno, Tatsuro Takino, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Rat livers were perfused with 0.5% Triton X–100 for 30 to 60 min and studied by scanning electron microscope. Three–dimensional filamentous networks were visualized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in situ. Branching and end–to–side contacts of intermediate filaments, and intermediate filaments which were connected with microtubules and microfilaments were noted. Numerous filaments were observed in the perinuclear region and at the cell border. Filaments were attached to polyribosomes and nuclei. No differences were observed in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton after treatment of the sample at 4°C. These results support the concept that intermediate filaments mechanically integrate the cytoplasmic space.
Don't just blame big pharma
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

GlaxoSmithKline has been fined $3bn (£1.9bn; €2.5bn)1—this follows other recent fines of drug companies: Merck,2 AstraZeneca,3 Johnson and Johnson,4 and Pfizer,5 reflecting a cultural problem across the industry, now allegedly all in the past. These fines come after decades of claims of manipulation of research, suppression of data, off-label promotion, excessive hospitality (gifts in all but name), expert panels paid bloated fees (educational mercenaries), withdrawal of dangerous drugs, disease mongering, payments made to advisory groups and charities, constant political …
Do QRS scoring system changes predict functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction? Preliminary data from the GISSI-3 echo substudy
Authors: Enzo Bosimini, Pantaleo Giannuzzi, Pier L. Temporelli, Luigi Badano, Francesco Gentile, Joanna Heyman, Donata Lucci, Gian L. Nicolosi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Increased Percentage of Megathrombocytes in Various Clinical Disorders
Authors: S. K. GARG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Large platelets, or megathrombocytes, have been shown to be young platelets recently released from the marrow. The percentage of megathrombocytes was measured in patients with clinical disorders and normal platelet counts where increased platelet turnover might be suspected. Increased megathrombocytes were noted in 68% of 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; 47% of 14 patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in apparent remission; 52% of 10 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation; 14% of 22 surgical patients, 2 hours after surgery; 48% of 19 patients with rheumatic heart disease and severe valvular impairment; 20% of 25 patients with prosthetic heart valves and rheumatic heart disease; and 30% of 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and retinopathy. We observed that [1] clinical "remission" in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura may be more apparent than real; [2] the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation can be suspected if there is a normal platelet count but an increase in the percentage of megathrombocytes; [3] there was less evidence for increased platelet turnover in patients with prosthetic heart valves and rheumatic heart disease than in patients with rheumatic heart disease and severe valvular involvement.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXCESS SALT INGESTION
Authors: Knud D. Knudsen, Lewis K. Dahl, Keith Thompson, Junichi Iwai, Martha Heine, George Leitl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Two strains of rat have been developed by selective breeding: one strain (R rats) is resistant to salt hypertension, the other strain (S rats) is highly susceptible. The inheritance of these traits has been explored in the first (F1) and second (F2) generation of crossbred rats and in backcrosses between parent and first filial (F1 x R, F1 x S) generations. Male F1 rats had an average blood pressure close to the mid-parental (R and S) values, and the average of F2 males was equivalent to that of F1. Male offspring of F1 with R, or F1 with S also showed averages close to the respective mid-parental values. Female offspring showed deviations from this linear relationship, indicating a significant dominance in the female for the genes of normal blood pressure. A model of two autosomal, nonlinked diallelic loci, with a dominance deviation at one locus in the female, gave predictions with a reasonable agreement to the observed values. The same model also appeared compatible with human data if we assume a gene frequency of 0.13 for the hypertensinogenic allele on both loci. Random fluctuations in blood pressure, and incomplete homogeneity of parental strains permit several alternative models. The major conclusions are: that more than one locus is needed to explain the findings though as few as two loci may possibly suffice; the allelic effect seems additive in males, but there is a sex-determined influence on the expression in females; there is no consistent evidence for sex-linked inheritance. Furthermore, this model developed from the study of rats may provide a framework for analysis of human data.
A bizarre postoperative wound infection.
Authors: D J Shewring, G F Rushforth
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Infection with Pasteurella multocida is a common sequel to dog and cat bites.We report on a woman who developed a postoperative infection after encouraging her pet dog to lick her wound. Case reportA 73 year old woman was admitted for a routine hemiarthroplasty to her osteoarthritic left knee.Under antibiotic cover with intravenous cephradine a Sled type prosthesis was inserted under aseptic conditions, and the wound was closed.As an inpatient she had no problems with the wound, and she was discharged on the 10th day after the operation.Three months later she was readmitted with an inflamed wound.The wound was explored under.general anaesthesia and 20 ml of yellow pus was drained from an abscess cavity.There seemed to be no communication of the cavity with the joint.The wound was washed out with copious amounts of saline and was closed over a corrugated drain.Culture of the pus yielded P multocida that was sensitive to penicillin, and treatment with penicillin was started intravenously.The wound healed uneventfully.On requestioning she admitted that three weeks before admission the lower end of the wound had broken down, and, to promote healing, she had encouraged her dog to lick the wound.
Multiple Organ Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Presenting with Lymphangitic Pattern of Spread in the Lung
Authors: Satoshi Kohmo, Isao Tachibana, Tadashi Osaki, Sho Goya, Hiroto Matsuoka, Takashi Kijima, Mitsuhiro Yoshida, Toru Kumagai, Jun'ichiro Ikeda, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Ichiro Kawase
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)