tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brahma-related gene 1 bridges epigenetic regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production to steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Wenfang Tian, Huihui Xu, Fei Fang, Qi Chen, Yong Xu, Aiguo Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic inflammation, inflicted by the spillover of proinflammatory mediators, links metabolic dysfunction to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The epigenetic maneuverings that underscore accelerated synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in response to nutritional inputs are not clearly defined. Here we report that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) and Brahma (Brm) were up-regulated in vitro in cultured hepatocytes treated with free fatty acid or glucose and in vivo in animal models of NASH. Occupancy of Brg1 and Brm on the promoter regions of proinflammatory genes was increased in vitro in cells and ex vivo in liver tissues. Estradiol suppressed the induction and recruitment of Brg1/Brm by palmitate. Recruitment of Brg1 and Brm relied on nuclear factor kappa B/p65; reciprocally, Brg1 and Brm contributed to the stabilization of p65 binding. Importantly, overexpression of Brg1/Brm enhanced, whereas knockdown of Brg1/Brm attenuated, the induction of proinflammatory mediators in hepatocytes challenged with excessive nutrient. Mechanistically, Brg1 and Brm were involved in the maintenance of a chromatin microenvironment marked by active histone modifications and friendly to the access of the general transcriptional machinery. Finally, depletion of Brg1/Brm by short hairpin RNA attenuated the release of proinflammatory mediators in the liver and significantly ameliorated hepatic pathology in NASH mice. Conclusion : Our data illustrate a Brg1-dependent pathway that connects the epigenetic regulation of proinflammatory genes to the pathogenesis of NASH and point to a potential druggable target in the therapeutic intervention of NASH. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;58:576–588)
The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the evaluation of intracardiac tumors diagnosed by echocardiography.
Authors: R S Freedberg, I Kronzon, W M Rumancik, D Liebeskind
Journal: Circulation (1988)

MAgnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 14 patients with intracavitary cardiac tumors diagnosed by echocardiography. Except in the patients whose echocardiograms were diagnostic of atrial myxomas, this modality contributed important additional anatomic information regarding the tumor's relationship to the normal intracardiac structures and/or its extension to the adjacent vascular and mediastinal structures. The MR findings correlated extremely well with the findings in all 12 patients who underwent surgical exploration or postmortem examination, and in the other two patients, MR guided the decision to obtain transvenous biopsy samples of their right heart masses.
PFEIFFER'S BACILLUS AND INFLUENZA
Authors: Martha Wollstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

It has been shown that the sera of patients convalescent from influenza yield reactions for agglutinins, precipitins, and complement-binding bodies with antigens of Pfeiffer's bacillus. These reactions appear constantly at the end of the 1st week, increase in intensity during the 2nd week, and remain demonstrable for a period of 2 to 4 months. They were most complete in the sera of patients suffering from postinfluenzal pneumonia. It has also been demonstrated that the strains of Pfeiffer's bacillus isolated during the epidemic were morphologically and biologically similar to the strains isolated from influenza cases in other years, and antigenically they differed from them only quantitatively. The patients' serological reactions indicate the parasitic nature of the bacillus, but are not sufficiently stable and clean-cut to signify that Pfeiffer's bacillus is the specific inciting agent of epidemic influenza. They do, however, indicate that the bacillus of Pfeiffer is at least a very common secondary invader in influenza, and that its presence influences the course of the pathological process.
Rhabdomyolysis and systemic infection.
Authors: A M el-Nahas, K Farrington, S Quyyumi, J F Moorhead, P Sweny
Journal: BMJ (1983)

and may easily displace.Our guard is simple and easy to use even in inexperienced hands.In addition, it is reusable, easy to sterilise, and requires no alterations to existing equipment.Its use should minimise the risk of damage to internal organs during the insertion of pleural drains.We are most grateful for the help and encouragement from the respiratory physicians and thoracic surgeons in the Wessex and South Western Regional Health Authorities.We also thank the department of medical engineering at the Bristol Royal Infirmary for manufacturing the guard and for their helpful advice during its development, and the departments of medical illustration at Southmead Hospital, Bristol, and the Bristol Royal Infirmary.Patent applied for.Guards are available from JEH.
Haemophilus influenzae Type B Septicaemia
Authors: R. J. Farrand
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In the period November 1967 to September 1968 Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from the blood of 11 young children. Only three of these presented with meningitis; others had septic arthritis, oesteomyelitis, subcutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, respiratory infections, and undifferentiated pyrexia. During the preceding five years H. influenzae type b was isolated from the blood cultures of 15 patients, and all but two of these were cases of meningitis. Blood culture has proved of value in establishing the role of H. influenzae type b in a broad spectrum of acute infections, and the suggestion is made that meningitis may represent only a minority of cases of haemophilus septicaemia. Because H. influenzae is resistant to some antibiotics bacteriological diagnosis of such cases is important if the correct treatment is to be given.
THE EXAMINATION OF SUSPECTED SMALL-POX: SOME POINTS OF PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: A. F. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1911)

Tim BRitI°7Iare examples of the same general law of diminished oxida- tion at work.The tuberculous area as it grows begins to be cut off from the blood supply and oxygen and reaches the point of breaking down on this account.At thip stage calcareous deposition commences for the same reasons which we have seen holding elsewhere.Finally, in the calcification of artexial waUs in old age and arterio-sclerosis, we see a fine example of the same process of diminished oxidation accompanied by calcareous deposition.The calcareous plaques are formed where the arterioles of the coat of the artery have broken down or become partially obliterated, and the supply of oxygen to the tissues has ccnsequently been decreased, oxidation has become embarrassed, and insoluble calcium salts, the congeners of diminished oxidation, have appeared.Recent analyses of the calcareous plaques from aortae, made by Drs. 0. T. Williams and G. F. N. Joseph in my laboratory, have shown that these consist of mixtures of calcium salts of phosphoici, carbonic, oxalic, and stearic acids, as well as of other products of incomplete oxidation, which are now being more fully investigated.Accordingly, it is seen that the formation of renal calculi has for its basis a condition of diminished oxida- tion, in which there appear primarily calcium salts of incompletely oxidized bodies, such as calcium oxalate and calcium urate, associated with calcium phosphate.Further, such diminished oxidation, occurring locally or generally, is seen in many pathological conditions, such as calcium salt deposition in bone in old age, in tuberculous lesions, in gout, in arterio-sclerosis, and generally in calcification processes in the body.The tendency towards such deposition increases with age, and is probably accompanied by an increased alkalinity of the body fluids.Acknow7edgements.-My thanks are due to Mr. W.
Diuretics preserve the circadian blood pressure profile in hypertensive patients
Authors: P. Gualdiero, M. Yousufuddin, J. Niebauer, S.D. Anker, L. Aitkon, E. Cruddas, C. Addison, S.J. Clark, A.J.S. Coats
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Patterns of physical activity among 11 to 16 year old British children.
Authors: N Armstrong, J Balding, P Gentle, B Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the patterns of physical activity among British schoolchildren aged 11 to 16 and to assess whether the children experience the intensity and duration of physical activity that are believed to stress the cardiopulmonary system appropriately. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of a sample of children drawn from a larger survey of coronary risk factors in children. Continuous monitoring of heart rate for 12 hour periods on three school days and one Saturday. SETTING--Two communities in Devon. SUBJECTS--266 Children (163 girls, 103 boys) aged 11 to 16 randomly selected from a sample of 707 children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Percentage of time and number of sustained periods in which heart rate was greater than 139 beats/min. Anthropometric measures and external assessment of sexual maturity with Tanner9s indices. RESULTS--The boys had heart rates greater than 139 beats/min for a significantly higher percentage of time than the girls (p less than 0.01) during the weekday (6.2% v 4.3%) and the Saturday (5.6% v 2.6%). The boys had significantly more five and 10 minute periods with heart rates greater than 139 beats/min than the girls during the Saturday and weekdays and more 20 minute periods during the weekdays. 84 Girls and 37 boys had no 10 minute period with a heart rate greater than 139 beats/min during the three weekdays and 112 girls and 65 boys had no such 10 minute period during the Saturday. No significant relation was detected in either sex between the amount or habitual physical activity (heart rate) and skinfold thickness or maturity group. CONCLUSIONS--British children have surprisingly low levels of habitual physical activity, and many children seldom undertake the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiopulmonary system. Boys are more active than girls. The pubertal stage of development or body fatness, or both, do not seem to be sensitive indicators of physical activity in either girls or boys.
JNC Guidelines
Authors: Claude Lenfant
Journal: JAMA (1997)

For more than 2 decades, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has been a leader in conducting national education programs to promote timely transfer of research findings to health professionals, patients, and the general public. An important and visible aspect of this effort has been the development and issuance of clinical guidelines for management of hypertension, high blood cholesterol levels, and asthma.  With regard to hypertension, the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC) has issued 6 reports during the 25-year span of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program—in 1977, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1993, and just last month in 1997. In developing these documents, the JNC analyzes research results with the goal of providing information that may enable health care providers to enhance their ability to detect, treat, and prevent hypertension. It should be clear that these guidelines represent opportunities to improve individual and
S6-3: Influence of Hospital Factors, Physician Factors and Type of Health Insurance on Receipt of Immediate Postmastectomy Reconstruction in Young Women with Breast Cancer.
Authors: DL Hershman, AI Neugut, CA Richards, K Kalinsky, AS Charles, JD Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective For women with breast cancer who choose mastectomy, breast reconstruction is known to offer a cosmetic and psychological advantage. Despite this, only a minority of patients undergo post mastectomy reconstruction. Little is known about factors that influence reconstruction in younger women who undergo mastectomy. We evaluated the association of demographic, hospital, physician and insurance factors with receipt of immediate breast reconstruction. Methods We used the Perspective database to identify women who underwent a mastectomy for breast cancer from 2000–2010. Perspective is a voluntary, fee-supported database that samples more than 500 acute-care hospitals throughout the United States that contribute data on inpatient hospital admissions. ICD-9 procedure codes were used to identify women who underwent reconstruction at the time of mastectomy. Differences in reconstruction rates over time were examined by age, race, and type of insurance (commercial, Medicaid, Medicare and self-pay). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors predictive of immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Additional analyses were done on the population of younger women (&amp;lt;50 years of age). Results We identified 106,988 women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy, and of these, 24,150 (22.6%) underwent immediate reconstruction. From 2000 to 2010,, reconstruction rates increased from 15% to 33.3%, increasing the most for women with commercial insurance (25.3% to 54.6%) and women under the age of 50 (29% to 60%); for women under the age of 50 with commercial insurance the rate in 2010 was 67.5%. Multivariable analysis found that reconstruction was significantly less likely with increasing age, black race (OR=0.66), rural hospital location (OR=0.48), non-teaching hospital (OR=0.82) and &amp;gt;2 co-morbid conditions (OR=0.72). Odds of reconstruction increased with commercial (OR=3.0) and public (OR=1.6) insurance (compared to self-pay), bilateral mastectomies (OR=2.5), being single (OR=1.09) and increased hospital volume (OR=1.94). No association was found with breast surgeon volume. Similar associations were seen in the subgroup of women &amp;lt;50 years of age. Prolonged length of stay was greater for women undergoing reconstruction (29.2% vs. 18.5%, p&amp;lt;0.0001); however, in-hospital complication rates were similar at 5.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion Despite its benefits, less than one-third of all women, and half of women under the age of 50, received post mastectomy reconstruction in 2010. Insurance status was one of the largest predictors of immediate reconstruction, and its influence has increased over time. Public policy should ensure that access to reconstructive surgery is available to all women, regardless of insurance type. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S6-3.
Molecular diversity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels
Authors: Richard W. Tsien, Patrick T. Ellinor, William A. Horne
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1991)

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels regulate Ca2+ entry and thereby contribute to Ca2+ signalling in many cells. Functional studies have uncovered several types of Ca2+ channel, distinguished by pharmacology, electrophysiology and tissue localization. More recently, molecular cloning has revealed an even greater diversity among Ca2+ channels, arising from multiple genes and alternative splicing. L-type, dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels have been the most extensively characterized to date. Recently, Numa's group has reported the cloning and expression of a dihydropyridine-insensitive Ca2+ channel from brain that most closely resembles the P-tupe channel described by Llinas and colleagues. These results contribute to rapidly growing knowledge about molecular determinants of Ca2+ channel diversity.
Metabolic, Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases of Bone and Joints
Authors: Granville A. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The author of this comprehensive book began his services as Pathologist and Director of Laboratories of the Hospital for Joint Diseases of New York in 1925. Thus, he has had an intimate relationship of 47 years to a hospital devoted to the management of patients affected with varying forms of disorders of the skeletal system. The wise and skillful use of this vast material resulted in the publication by Dr. Jaffe, alone or in collaboration with his associates and trainees, of a large number of significant articles and monographs dealing with disorders of bones and joints. This total experience with skeletal disease the present book brings to the medical profession in a single volume. The book is well written, well organized, and handsomely illustrated. It comprises 31 chapters, each devoted to a single disorder or to a group of disorders bearing identifiable relationships one to another. A substantial list of
Innovations in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Walter D. Rider
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Pearson<sup>17</sup>has shown that radiation is the best method of treatment for esophageal cancer; even so, only 20% of his patients treated on a radical basis survived five years. His results are even more remarkable when one considers that these patients were surgical rejects; however, their disease was not so advanced as to be suitable for palliative treatment only. Few, if any, comparable results have been achieved by other radiotherapists, and no surgical series comes near to these results. It is important to ask why Pearson could achieve such outstanding results. A critical review of the experience at Toronto<sup>20</sup>suggests the following conclusions: A Supervoltage is essential. While cobalt 60 is probably adequate, it is certainly the minimal energy level to give. X-rays of 20 to 25 mev are undoubtedly better for two reasons: they deliver better depth dose and consequently spare more lung tissue; they are affected
Rh(D) haemolytic disease of the newborn: the changing scene.
Authors: S J Urbaniak
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-D used to be a major cause of perinatal mortality in Britain. In the 1950s, before the development of exchange transfusion, amnio centesis, intrauterine transfusion, and early induction of labour, mortality from stillbirths and neonatal deaths was about 1*5 per 1000 births, equivalent to well over 1000 deaths a year. After the introduction of the above technical improve? ments there was a gradual reduction in mortality such that by 1969, 708 deaths due to Rh(D) haemolytic disease of the newborn were recorded in Britain (13 per million population a year).12 This achievement was not dramatic and repre? sented a considerable workload for obstetricians and paedia? tricians. The breakthrough which accelerated the improvement in fetal mortality came in the 1970s with the introduction of anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis, and by 1979 mortality had been reduced to 105 stillbirths and postnatal deaths. The latest statistics (1983) have been analysed in detail at p 17 by
Abstract 3874: Single-agent Chk1 inhibition is anti-proliferative in leukemia cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Kurtis D. Davies, Michael J. Humphries, Francis Sullivan, Ira von Carlowitz, Yvan Le Huerou, Peter J. Mohr, Bin Wang, Jim F. Blake, Michael A. Lyon, Indrani Gunawardana, Mark Chicarelli, Eli Wallace, Stefan Gross
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chk1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the cellular response to genotoxic stress. For this reason, there is a great deal of interest in using inhibitors of Chk1 to potentiate the effects of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that Chk1 activity is essential during an unperturbed cell cycle to ensure proper DNA replication and maintain genomic integrity. Therefore, it is plausible that a Chk1 inhibitor could also be efficacious as a single-agent therapeutic for human cancer. Here we show that treatment with Chk1-A, a potent and selective inhibitor of Chk1, alone is anti-proliferative against a wide array of cancer cell lines with varying degrees of potency. We sought to understand the mechanisms by which Chk1 inhibition derives the observed anti-proliferative effect. Employing the human leukemia cell line HEL92.1.7, a line particularly sensitive to Chk1 inhibition in terms of proliferation, we characterized the biochemical and functional effects of Chk1-A treatment. We observed concentration-dependent increases in phosphorylation of H2A. X, Chk1, and Chk2, which are markers of DNA damage and cell-cycle checkpoint activation. These biochemical events correlated with S-phase accumulation and eventual apoptosis. In vivo, we found that HEL92.1.7 tumor xenografts were sensitive to oral administration of Chk1-A at a dose that was well tolerated. Together, these studies suggest that inhibition of Chk1 results in DNA damage that induces apoptosis and that use of a Chk1 inhibitor as a single-agent could be an effective strategy to treat certain types of human cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3874.
First report of endocarditis by Gluconobacter spp. in a patient with a history of intravenous-drug abuse
Authors: M. Bassetti, D. Pecori, A. Sartor, A. Londero, G. Villa, B. Cadeo, F. Brillo, D. Bongiorno, F. Campanile, S. Stefani
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
The dynamic thyroid study. A rapid evaluation of thyroid function and anatomy using 99mTc as pertechnetate
Authors: F. S. Ashkar
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A method for a single-visit thyroid evaluation has been developed with use of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and the Anger camera to view the thyroid and cervical vessels. The technique records the first transit of this radioactive tracer through the thyroid and measures the carotid-thyroid transit time (CTTT). This index of function correlates well with other tests of thyroid function in over 200 patients studied. The CTTT is less than 2.5 seconds in patients with hyperthyroidism, more than 2.5 seconds in euthyroid patients, and prolonged and undertimed in those with hypothyroidism. The entire study including a scan is completed in less than five minutes after the patient has been injected with 10 millicuries of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m. In an adult the radiation dose to the thyroid is reduced by a factor of 25 as compared to the radiation absorbed dose received from a thyroid scan with 50 microcuries of 131I.
Detours on the Road to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Louis D. Fiore, Leonard William D’Avolio
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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