tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward peaceful coexistence of adaptive central strategies and medical professionals
Authors: J. Greg Anson, Mark L. Latash
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract We start with a number of philosophical and theoretical issues related to motor control, proceed through a spectrum of problems related to the role of adaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS) in response to a primary disorder, and end with tentative practical recommendations. We consider the hierarchical and dynamic approaches to motor control not as incompatible alternatives but as ways of approaching two equally important issues, those of control and coordination. Professionals working in the area of physical therapy and rehabilitation should make use of the adaptive abilities of the CNS, identify goals, provide tools, and allow the CNS to develop optimal strategies. Therapists should intervene if they suspect that the CNS settles down in a local rather than a global optimum because of such factors as pain or the lack of a long-term predictive ability. Adaptive changes within the CNS may be important not only in pathologies but also in cases of specialized training, normal growth, and normal ageing.
Abstract P3-03-12: Gamma-tocotrienol induces autophagy in malignant mammary tumor cells
Authors: RV Tiwari, P Parajuli, PW Sylvester
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract γ-Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family of compounds, displays potent antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in a variety of cancer cell types at treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell viability or growth. Autophagy is a tightly regulated lysosomal self-digestive process that can either promote cell survival or be involved in type II cell death. Autophagy is induced in several diseases such as liver disease, neurodegeneration, Crohn's disease, aging, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Autophagy is accompanied by the progressive development of vesicle structures from autophagomsomes (not acidic) to amphisome and autolysosomes (acidic). The execution and regulation of the autophagic program relies on several highly conserved autophagy-related genes (the Atg genes) that regulate the cannibalism of intracellular cytoplasm, proteins and organelles. The potential role of autophagy in mediating γ-tocotrienol-induced cytotoxicity is not currently understood. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the effects of γ-tocotrienol on the induction of autophagy in various breast cancer cell lines. Mouse (+SA) and human (MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231) mammary tumor cells lines were exposed for an acute 24 h period to 20 or 40 μM γ-tocotrienol. Results showed that γ-tocotrienol treatment caused a relatively large increase in the accumulation of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-labeled vacuoles, an early marker of autophagic compartment formation, in all mammary tumor cell lines. These cells also displayed an increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-I, the cytosolic form) to LC3-II (lapitated form associated with autophagosome), which is associated with the increased formation of autophagic vacuoles, followed by upregulation of Beclin-1. Treatment with γ-tocotrienol also caused a significant increase in the LC3II/LC3I ratio, a characteristic marker of autophagy, as compared to vehicle-treated control groups. Additional flow cytometery analysis showed that γ-tocotrienol treatment caused an increase in acridine orange staining, an indicator of autophagy, in all mammary cancer cell lines. In contrast, similar treatment of γ-tocotrienol on immortalized mouse (CL-S1) and human (MCF10A) normal mammary epithelial cell lines did not show significant accumulation of MDC–labeled vacuoles or the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. In addition, γ-tocotrienol-induced autophagy was also associated with a suppression in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the initiation of apoptosis as indicated by caspase activation in these mammary cancer cells. In summary, these finding suggest that γ-tocotrienol selectively induces autophagy in mouse and human mammary cancer cell lines and support a novel function of autophagy in promoting breast cancer cells death. This study was supported by grants from First Tech International Ltd., and the Malaysian Palm Oil Council. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-03-12.
STUDIES OF MOUSE POLYOMA VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Janet W. Hartley, Wallace P. Rowe, Robert M. Chanock, Basil E. Andrews
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Treatment of guinea pig erythrocytes with types A and B influenza viruses rendered them inagglutinable by polyoma virus; also, the inhibitory effect of ovomucin on polyoma virus hemagglutination was destroyed by pretreatment of the ovomucin with various myxoviruses. These results indicate that polyoma virus and myxovirus erythrocyte receptor sites are identical. However, no destruction by polyoma virus of its own or of myxovirus receptors or inhibitors was detected. No serologic relationship was detected between polyoma virus and members of the myxovirus group; differences in size and stability further indicate their distinctness. No evidence was found of biologic or serologic relationship of polyoma virus with encephalomyocarditis virus or mouse encephalomyelitis virus.
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN-TISSUES
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The acidity of the macrophage granules in which litmus comes to be stored during life is considerable. It has proved possible to stain these granules in vivo with some of the phthalein indicators and the results, had they been obtained under controlled conditions, would indicate a pH of 3.0 or less. The amount of acid material which may accumulate within the cells of animals stained with litmus is great, sufficient in the case of the elements of a peritoneal exudate for the acid reaction to prevail when they are gathered together and crushed. The material is derived, not from the dye, but from living elements responding characteristically to a stimulus far from unique. Such responses may well play a rôle in normal physiological activities and in the cellular defense against microorganisms. Vital staining with litmus demonstrates anew that the intracellular reaction during life is independent of that of the body fluids. By means of color changes in the stored indicator one can distinguish sick as well as dead cells of certain sorts and follow their distribution and fate within the organism. There are data to suggest that with the aid of the indicator the normal period of survival of certain elements at least can be determined. By the indicator method, of which the foregoing observations afford a crude illustration, much should be learnt in the future about body processes. The present paper is the second of a series upon the theme.
PSRO Today: The Program's Viewpoint
Authors: Henry E. Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

In the article "PSRO Today: A Lawyer's Assessment" (p. 340), David Willett points out what he considers to be serious defects in the PSRO law and its implementation that threaten the "grass-roots" quality-control mechanism envisioned by the law's Congressional sponsors. Some of the defects that Mr. Willett identifies reflect his interpretation of how the law might be administered; he ignores how the law, in actual fact, has been, and is being administered.Mr. Willett is particularly concerned that the present law vests all ultimate PSRO authority in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) and reduces local PSRO's to . . .
HIDDEN OR UNSUSPECTED BRONCHIECTASIS IN THE ASTHMATIC PATIENT
Authors: Richard H. Overholt
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Chronic irritation causes muscle spasm, and prolonged muscle spasm augments chronic irritation. The bronchial musculature is not excepted from this inter-reactive phenomenon. The classical symptoms of bronchiectasis—cough, hemoptysis, and production of purulent sputum—are irritative factors that can, and frequently do, produce bronchospasm. Conversely, chronic or recurrent bronchospasm can produce bronchial obstruction and resultant infection. Whether it be the inaugurative or the secondary source of infection, bronchiectasis not only joins but also maintains this vicious disease cycle, although, unfortunately, its identity may be hidden behind the paroxysms of dyspnea and wheeze (often called bronchial asthma). The asthmatic patients we have seen at the Overholt Thoracic Clinic are classified as medical failures, since they have not responded favorably to conservative therapy. Their previous medical treatment has included bronchodilatory and expectorant drugs, desensitization measures, changes in climate, psychotherapy, antibiotics, corticotropin (ACTH), and cortisone. In addition, several have had surgical measures for asthma, such
Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in the United States and the Potential Impact of Implementation of Screening Guidelines
Authors: D. Solomon, N. Breen, T. McNeel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

The remarkable success achieved in cervical cancer prevention is largely attributable to cervical cytology screening, also known as the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. The American Cancer Society (ACS) revised screening guidelines for Pap testing in 2002. The impact of these changes on future numbers of Pap tests has not been assessed. Using National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to determine historical screening patterns, we extrapolate the numbers of Pap tests that would be performed through 2010, under 5 different scenarios of implementation of screening guidelines. From 1993 to 2003, there was a steady increase in the number of Pap tests, with an estimated 65.6 million Pap tests performed in 2003. Approximately two thirds of women born after 1930 reported having been screened within the previous year, and 85% within the previous 3 years. Fifteen percent of Pap tests were performed in hysterectomized women, most of whom, according to current guidelines, should not be screened. Based on population projections, if screening behavior remains unchanged, 75 million Pap tests will be performed in 2010. Full compliance with ACS guidelines would approximately halve the total number of tests to 34 million. Potentially, with more appropriate allocation of resources according to guidelines, all women could be screened and the total number of Pap tests reduced, despite projected increases in the population.
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with inflammatory dermatoses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease and their correlation with Walter Reed stage
Authors: Kathleen J. Smith, Henry G. Skelton, Josef Yeager, Peter Angritt, Dennis Frisman, Kenneth F. Wagner, Donald Baxter, William D. James, Charles N. Oster
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
Reengineering Advance Care Planning to Create Scalable, Patient- and Family-Centered Interventions
Authors: Jared Chiarchiaro, Robert M. Arnold, Douglas B. White
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case report of neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with withdrawal from amantadine
Authors: D M Simpson, G C Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Withdrawal of dopamine agonists may precipitate or exacerbate neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This case report of neuroleptic malignant syndrome following withdrawal of neuroleptics and amantadine suggests that dopamine agonists should not be discontinued in hyperpyrexic patients at risk for this syndrome.
Weighing Risks and Benefits of Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection: Not So Easy
Authors: George J. Bosl, Robert J. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

The role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) after initial cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) is well established. Postchemotherapy surgery is often necessary to resect teratoma and viableresidualGCTs,whichcompriseapproximately40%and15%of unselected specimens from marker-negative patients, respectively; necrosisandfibrosisaccountfortheremainder. 1-4 However,management of the smallest residual RP masses, defined as having a maximum transverse diameter of 1 cm (signifying clinical complete remission [cCR])—20% to 25% of which will harbor teratoma and approximately 5% viable GCTs—has been debated for more than 20 years. 5 The proponents of surveillance argue that the low relapse rate observed in patients achieving cCR outweighs the risks of RPLND, particularly retrograde ejaculation. The proponents of RPLND counter that the number of relapses will be small, but individual patients are at risk for adverse outcomes from the unpredictable natural history of teratoma, late relapse, and unnecessary salvage chemotherapy that might occur if surgery is not performed. Two articles 6,7 inthisissueofJournalofClinicalOncologyaddresssurveillance.Com
β1 Integrin Inhibition Dramatically Enhances Radiotherapy Efficacy in Human Breast Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Catherine C. Park, Hui J. Zhang, Evelyn S. Yao, Chong J. Park, Mina J. Bissell
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract β1 Integrin signaling has been shown to mediate cellular resistance to apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Other signaling molecules that increase resistance include Akt, which promotes cell survival downstream of β1 integrin signaling. We previously showed that β1 integrin inhibitory antibodies (e.g., AIIB2) enhance apoptosis and decrease growth in human breast cancer cells in three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) cultures and in vivo. Here, we asked whether AIIB2 could synergize with IR to modify Akt-mediated IR resistance. We used three-dimensional lrECM cultures to test the optimal combination of AIIB2 with IR treatment of two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HMT3522-T4-2, as well as T4-2 myr-Akt breast cancer colonies or HMT3522-S-1, which form normal organotypic structures in three-dimensional lrECM. Colonies were assayed for apoptosis and β1 integrin/Akt signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blot. In addition, mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts were used to validate the findings in three-dimensional lrECM. We report that AIIB2 increased apoptosis optimally post-IR by down-regulating Akt in breast cancer colonies in three-dimensional lrECM. In vivo, addition of AIIB2 after IR significantly enhanced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis compared with either treatment alone. Remarkably, the degree of tumor growth inhibition using AIIB2 plus 2 Gy radiation was similar to that of 8 Gy alone. We previously showed that AIIB2 had no discernible toxicity in mice; here, its addition allowed for a significant reduction in the IR dose that was necessary to achieve comparable growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer xenografts in vivo. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4398–405]
Worldwide, mortality risk is high soon after initiation of hemodialysis
Authors: Bruce M Robinson, Jinyao Zhang, Hal Morgenstern, Brian D Bradbury, Leslie J Ng, Keith P McCullough, Brenda W Gillespie, Raymond Hakim, Hugh C Rayner, Joan Fort, Tadao Akizawa, Francesca Tentori, Ronald L Pisoni
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Effect of maprotiline on cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: E A Raeder, M Zinsli, D Burckhardt
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Background:</h3> Schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Several lines of linkage and association studies have repeatedly suggested that the chromosome 5q22-33 region is implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. However, most of the previous studies on the linkage of 5q22–33 with schizophrenia were from European populations, and it was not well characterised in other populations. <h3>Methods:</h3> We analysed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5q23.3 region in a cohort of 506 schizophrenia patients and 672 control subjects from south western China. Single marker association, haplotypic association, sex-specific association and molecular evolutionary analysis were performed. <h3>Results:</h3> Single marker analysis indicated that SNP5 (rs1355095) in <i>LOC728637</i> is associated with schizophrenia. When males and females were analysed separately, SNP4 (rs31251) in <i>PDZ-GEF2</i> is associated with schizophrenia in females. Further analysis using haplotypes demonstrated that a haplotype block spanning <i>PDZ-GEF2</i>, <i>LOC728637</i> and <i>ACSL6</i> is highly associated with schizophrenia and several haplotypes in this haploblock have about twofold to 10-fold increase in the affected subjects. In addition, molecular evolutionary analysis suggests that <i>PDZ-GEF2</i> has undergone adaptive evolution due to Darwinian positive selection in the human lineage. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Our data provide evidence of the association of 5q22–33 with schizophrenia in Han Chinese. This chromosomal region is likely responsible for genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia, supporting previous data from European patients. In addition, our evolutionary analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that genes contributing to schizophrenia are likely under positive selection during human evolution.
ROC curve analysis of IgE antibodies values to predict clinical allergy to cat dander in asthmatic subjects
Authors: R. Cárdenas, C. Fernández, M. Garcimartin, S. Romero, A. Gómez de la Cámara, D. Martín, P. Casasnovas, R. Vives
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Treatment of poisoning by antidepressants
Authors: B. J. Prout
Journal: BMJ (1967)

plicity of new drugs can hardly be taken for granted.Should there be any parallel with the effects of alcohol, for example, in a few years' time there could be a crop of iatrogenic delirium tremens and liver cirrhosis which would hardly bear contemplation.We should not forget that the present stupendous amphetamine consumption, legiti- mate and otherwise, was initiated by ourselves, just as the overconsumption of barbiturates is a legacy of the sedative era.Past experience gives a clear warning.Our collective therapeutic machine is very sensitive to the accelerator and we are driving without brakes.-Iam, etc., Sheffield.
Australia's proposals on plain packaging set new global benchmark in anti-smoking efforts
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Australia’s new anti-smoking draft bill, which proposes banning the use of trade marks, logos, and brand imagery on tobacco packaging, will set a new global benchmark for efforts to reduce the harmful effects of smoking if it becomes law, health experts say.

Nicola Roxon, Australia’s minister for health and ageing, said, “This plain packaging legislation is a world first and sends a clear message that the glamour is gone. Cigarette packs will now only show the death and disease that can come from smoking.” 

Similarly, Andrew Pesce, president of the Australian Medical Association, welcomed the proposed draft Tobacco Plain Packaging Bill 2011 and …
"Purpura Provocata" in Pellagra
Authors: L. H. Simons, R. D. G. Ph. Simons
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDBRATSOURNAL 817from May 18 onwards, starting with 2 ml.I.M. on alternate days, the dose later being increased to 4 ml.Iron was given for the anaemia.The temperature swing gradually diminished in height, and became normal and remained so after the nineteenth injection (June 22).Clinically there was marked improvement, with cessation of sweats and diminution in the size of the spleen, and the white blood cells showed a steady increase.Blood counts were as follows.June 3: white cells, 1,460 per c.mm, (polymorphs 44%, lympho- cytes 48%, monocytes 8%).June 13: white cells, 2,180 per c.mm. (polymorphs 29%, lymphocytes 62%, monocytes 9%).July 2: white cells, 4,660 per c.mm. (polymorphs 45%, lymphocytes 52%, mono- cytes 3%); red ceils, 3,750,000 per c.mm.; Hb, 78%; C.I., 1.04.
391 FIBROSPLEEN: MEASURING SPLEEN STIFFNESS BY TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY INCREASES ACCURACY OF STAGING OF LIVER FIBROSIS AND OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: V. Di Marco, F. Bronte, V. Calvaruso, C. Cammà, D. Cabibi, G. Licata, F. Simone, A. Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Prognostic Factors in Outpatient Psychotherapy of Bulimia
Authors: Thomas Herzog, Armin Hartmann, Angelika Sandholz, Heike Stammer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Little is known about prognostic factors in the treatment of bulimic patients. In the context of an ongoing study we looked at 1-year symptomatic outcome of 37 outpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa in relation to a variety of measures at first assessment. These included multiple measures of depression, measures of borderline personality disorder, a personality inventory, a symptom checklist and information about the history and the severity of the illness. Results add evidence to the importance of personality variables in predicting outcome: patients with high scores on the Borderline Syndrome Index indicating a severe disturbance tend to have poorer symptomatic outcome, especially when they also experience themselves as dominant (Giessen-Test). Other factors, including abuse of alcohol and history of anorexia did not allow prediction of outcome.
Feasibility of exercise rubidium-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Benjamin J. Chow, Terrence D. Ruddy, Mary M. Dalipaj, Robert A. de Kemp, Charles Nadeau, Heikki Ukkonen, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Rob S. Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DYSFUNCTION OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Authors: HERBERT McLEAN EVANS
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Correct conceptions in almost every phase of the whole field of medicine rest on advances in experimental physiology. Belief in this view has been so well justified by the achievements of the last century that one may well claim the actual inauguration of modern medicine by the life work of such an investigator as Claude Bernard. Endocrinology, a more or less well recognized clinical specialty, already possesses in some portions of its realm sufficiently precise and quantitative procedures for diagnosis and therapy, but in its other territories such tools are frequently so wofully lacking as to have led to a widespread feeling of insecurity in the field as a whole. Not only has a clinic of endocrine diseases been born in the last few decades, but a host of skilfully contrived and fruitful laboratory studies has been given to the world; the present moment is an appropriate one for inquiry