tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Hidden Markov Model based approach to estimation of allelic imbalances in tumor cells
Authors: Srinka Ghosh, Steve Banville, Ke Hao, Kevin Travers, Walter Lee, Simon Cawley
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4410 

Researchers have validated correlations between carcinogenesis and genetic alterations in tumor cells. These alterations involve allelic imbalances, manifested in the form of chromosomal copy number(CN) changes - amplifications, deletions, aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), micro-satellite instability among others. These events often indicate the activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (anti-oncogenes). Identification of the loci implicated in these aberrations can generate anchor points which facilitate oncogenomics research. Interpretation of these aberrations, however, is complicated by the following, among others: (a) variations in the form of copy number polymorphisms (CNP) can also occur in normal individuals; (b)CN aberrations might not be accompanied by LOH and vice-versa; (c) preferential aberrations in one allele over the other. Motivated by the above rationale, we have developed a Hidden Markov Model based framework to quantify, total copy number (TCN), allele-specific copy-number (ASCN) changes and LOH. The Affymetrix, Genechip Human Mapping 500K array platform which provides consistently high coverage for Nsp and Sty restriction enzymes, with a median inter-SNP distance of 2.5kbases has been used for this analysis . The framework exists to perform a matched tumor-normal tissue versus un-matched tissue analysis - this allows the de-convolution of copynumber polymorphic events from those of tumor related events.

We have performed CN and LOH analyses comparing samples of primary ductal carcinoma with and without metastasis of lymph nodes and this data will be presented. This analysis where the normal and tumor samples are derived from the same patient is contrasted with pools of phenotypically normal controls derived from ethnicity matched as well as unmatched HapMap samples. The purpose behind this analytical strategy is threefold. 1) It allows the identification of sample specific CNPs. 2) It establishes the sensitivity and specificity of the outcome for cases where matched normal tissue might not be available. This analysis design also enables the determination of ethnicity biases introduced via the reference distribution. 3) It aggregates the preferential amplification/deletion of one allele over another as a way to specifically catalog and correlate the allelic imbalances with TCN and LOH estimates in matched tumor-normal samples. Validation of the underlying algorithms, using a titration matrix of 1-5 copies of chromosome X results in a R2~0.951; for deletions, median sensitivity is 0.997at 1% FPR. Correlations with aCGH(SMRT) based detection of CN in the EFGR pathway(SK-BR-3 cell line) results in a R2~ 0.88.
Psychiatric profile and sociodemographic characteristics of adults who report physically abusing or neglecting children
Authors: Y Egami, D E Ford, S F Greenfield, R M Crum
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

In this study the authors measured the number of adults in three U.S. communities who reported abusing and neglecting children in their lifetime and assessed the relative impact of sociodemographic characteristics and lifetime diagnosis of mental disorders on both child abuse and child neglect.A total of 9,841 respondents, identified through a household sampling procedure for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, were included in the analysis. Self-reported lifetime histories of abuse and neglect of children were measured in the antisocial personality module of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule.In the study sample, 147 adults (1.49%) stated that they had abused children, and 140 adults (1.42%) stated that they had neglected children. A total of 58.5% of those who reported abuse of children, and 69.3% of those who reported having neglected a child, had a lifetime diagnosis of a mental disorder. Increased odds of reports of both abuse and neglect were associated with having a greater number of children in the household. Low socioeconomic status was a risk factor for neglecting, but not abusing, children. In multivariate analyses, a lifetime history of alcohol disorder was associated with abuse and neglect, affective disorders with abuse, and anxiety disorders with neglecting children.In light of the associations between mental disorders and mistreatment of children, public health policies designed to prevent child abuse and neglect might be enhanced by an increased focus on interventions targeted at individuals with mental disorders.
Abstract 11555: Intra-Coronary Transfusion of Autologous CD34+ Cells Improves Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease and Non Candidates for Coronary Artery Intervention---Results of Three Years Follow Up
Authors: Hon Kan Yip, Steve Leu, Tzu Hsien Tsai, Jiunn-Jye Sheu, Sarah Chua
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that “Intra-Coronary Transfusion of Autologous CD34+ Cells Effectively Reverses Myocardial Ischemia and Improves Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease and Non Candidates for Coronary Artery Intervention”. Methods and results: 38 consecutive patients who matched the enrollment criteria have been consecutively recruited in the study within these three years. 100% of procedural safety and all patients were uneventful discharge from hospital. Flow cytometry showed that circulating level of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, i.e., CD34+ cells) were significantly higher with than without G-CSF treatment (all p<0.001). The EPCs were found to be continuously shed out from coronary sinus. The angiographic examination displayed 100% multi-vessel disease in these patients. 9-month angiographic follow-up showed markedly enhanced the small vessel density/neovascularization (mean increase = grade 2) as compared with prior to treatment (p...
Abstract 1: Survival Increases with CPR Before Defibrillation of Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation or Ventricular Tachycardia: Observations from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium
Authors: Steven M Bradley, Erin E Gabriel, Tom P Aufderheide, Roxy Barnes, Jim Christenson, Daniel P Davis, Ian G Stiell, Graham Nichol
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Immediate defibrillation is the traditional approach to resuscitation of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF/VT). Priming the heart with compressions may enhance the efficacy of defibrillation. We estimated the effect of the duration of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to the first defibrillation attempt on survival in a cohort of patients with out-of-hospital VF/VT in 10 sites participating in the ROC Epistry. Methods: Prospective cohort study of non-traumatic cardiac arrest from December 2005 to October 2007. Our analysis included cases with first recorded rhythm VF/VT or “shockable.” Duration of CPR was determined by EMS provider. Multiple regression evaluated survival to hospital discharge as a function of first EMS CPR duration adjusted for age, sex, public location, bystander witnessed, bystander CPR, time to first EMS unit, and study site. Results: Of 17,942 EMS-treated cardiac arrests, 4,010 (22%) had VF/VT/shock...
Borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans
Authors: P.J. Krause, D. Fish, S. Narasimhan, A.G. Barbour
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)

Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever Borrelia group spirochete that is transmitted by the same hard-bodied (ixodid) tick species that transmit the agents of Lyme disease. It was discovered in 1994 in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Japan. B. miyamotoi species phylogenetically cluster with the relapsing fever group spirochetes, which usually are transmitted by soft-bodied (argasid) ticks or lice. B. miyamotoi infects at least six Ixodes tick species in North America and Eurasia that transmit Lyme disease group spirochetes and may use small rodents and birds as reservoirs. Human cases of B. miyamotoi infection were first reported in 2011 in Russia and subsequently in the United States, Europe and Japan. These reports document the public health importance of B. miyamotoi, as human B. miyamotoi infection appears to be comparable in frequency to babesiosis or human granulocytic anaplasmosis in some areas and may cause severe disease, including meningoencephalitis. The most common clinical manifestations of B. miyamotoi infection are fever, fatigue, headache, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, and nausea. Symptoms of B. miyamotoi infection generally resolve within a week of the start of antibiotic therapy. B. miyamotoi infection should be considered in patients with acute febrile illness who have been exposed to Ixodes ticks in a region where Lyme disease occurs. Because clinical manifestations are nonspecific, etiologic diagnosis requires confirmation by blood smear examination, PCR, antibody assay, in vitro cultivation, and/or isolation by animal inoculation. Antibiotics that have been used effectively include doxycycline for uncomplicated B. miyamotoi infection in adults and ceftriaxone or penicillin G for meningoencephalitis.
Addressing Disparities in Academic Medicine
Authors: Carrie L. Byington, Vivian Lee
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Authors: Geoffrey H. Bourne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

.... enough scientific knowledge has accumulated so that considerable improvement in the nutritional health of people all over the world could be realized, if only this knowledge were effectively applied. This quotation from the summary of the first chapter, Nutrition Education, could just as well be the compelling reason for this volume and for the entire series. Nutrition education is the responsibility of many people in various disciplines. This reality serves to re-emphasize the need for adequate education in nutrition within the basic training of all persons in health and allied fields. The chapters on present concepts in diet therapy and on certain aspects of the history of dietetics could serve as orientation to ways in which nutritional information can be applied therapeutically and in the promotion of health. The effectiveness of programs to modify food habits and the need for social scientists to assist in the development and evaluation of such activities are also reviewed. Scientific knowledge is presented through comprehensive chapters on the metabolism of vitamin A and carotene, the influence of proteins on the absorption and metabolism of vitamin A, an appraisal of the evidence for recently recommended protein allowances, bone pathology in experimental malnutrition, and on the fate of selenium in animals. With advisory editors from seven countries and papers coming from four different countries, the term World in the title is appropriate. With papers on the application of nutrition knowledge, the term Dietetics is also appropriate. Volume 5 is a welcome addition in this series which has something for everyone concerned with health. JOHN H. BROWE HOUSING AND SOCIETY-By Glenn H. Beyer. New York, N. Y.: Macmillan (60 Fifth Ave.), 1965. 595 pp. Price, $8.95.
Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Study of Weekly or Twice Weekly Bortezomib in Combination with Rituximab, in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma, Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Waldenström’s Macroglobulinaemia.
Authors: A. Agathocleous, S. Rule, P. Johnson, J.A. Radford, N. Lafon, H. Hunter, J.P. Kerr, S.M. Neeson, J. Matthews, S. Strauss, S. Montoto, A.Z.S. Rohatiner, T.A. Lister
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 8462: A Crucial Role of Semaphorin3E, an Anti-angiogenic Factor, in the Regulation of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Junji Moriya, Ippei Shimizu, Kaoru Tateno, Sho Okada, Masataka Yokoyama, Aika Nojima, Takashi Ito, Yohko Ogasawara, Issei Komuro, Yoshio Kobayashi, Tohru Minamino
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The neurovascular-guiding molecules known as semaphorins and their specific receptors (plexins) regulate vascular pattern formation and play an important role in the development of vascular network during embryogenesis. We have recently reported that semaphorin3E (Sema3E), one of the class 3 semaphorins, and its specific receptor plexinD1 negatively regulate postnatal angiogenesis by suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. We also found that Sema3E expression was significantly up-regulated via a p53-dependent pathway under ischemia or diabetic conditions and that this up-regulation accounted for impaired angiogenesis of diabetic mice. Although Sema3E was found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of impaired angiogenesis of diabetes, it remains unclear whether Sema3E is involved in glucose homeostasis. Here we report that the Sema3E/plexinD1 axis is also involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. First, we found that expression of Sema3E was markedly up-regulated in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. To examine the effect of Sema3E inhibition on glucose homeostasis in vivo, we treated diabetic mice with plexinD1-Fc that acts as an inhibitor of Sema3E. The results showed that inhibition of Sema3E significantly improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance compared with vehicle-treated diabetic mice and that this improvement was associated with decreased body weight and visceral fat mass assessed by computed tomography. Moreover, when fed on a high fat/high sucrose diet, Sema3E-deficient mice showed better insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance than wild-type mice. Conversely, forced expression of Sema3E by gene transfer resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. These results indicate a crucial role for Sema3E not only in the pathogenesis of impaired angiogenesis, but also in glucose homeostasis of diabetes. Inhibition of Sema3E would be a novel strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance as well as impaired angiogenesis of diabetes.
Limited therapeutic effect of addition of buspirone in fluvoxamine- refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: C J McDougle, W K Goodman, J F Leckman, J C Holzer, L C Barr, E McCance-Katz, G R Heninger, L H Price
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors found that buspirone added to the treatment of 33 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were refractory to the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine was no better than placebo in reducing obsessive-compulsive, depressive, or anxiety symptoms. This finding suggests that addition of buspirone to ongoing fluvoxamine therapy is not an effective treatment strategy for most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Targeted Left Ventricular Lead Placement to Guide Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Fakhar Z. Khan, Mumohan S. Virdee, Christopher R. Palmer, Peter J. Pugh, Denis O'Halloran, Maros Elsik, Philip A. Read, David Begley, Simon P. Fynn, David P. Dutka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2457: Predictors of Resistant Hypertension in an Eight Year Follow-Up Study of an Unselected Sample of Adult Male Population in Italy
Authors: Antonio Barbato, Ferruccio Galletti, Lanfranco D’Elia, Renato Ippolito, Roberto Iacone, Antonella Venezia, Francesco Paolo Cappuccio, Alfonso Siani, Gianvincenzo Barba, Pasquale Strazzullo
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The determinants of resistant hypertension (RH), defined as a blood pressure (BP) persistently above goal in spite of the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes, remain largely unknown. We investigated the predictors of RH in 799 participants at the Olivetti Heart Study (OHS), mean age 51.5 yrs (SD±7.2) after an average follow-up period of 8 yrs. Methods: All participants attending the basal (1994 –95) and final (2002– 04) examination of the Olivetti Heart Study. A complete database including anthropometric, biochemical and ECG data was available for the analysis. Results: Among the 799 participants not affected by RH at basal examination, 497 (62.2%) were normotensive and 302 (37.8%) hypertensive. After 8 years, overall 29 subjects (3.6%) developed RH. Age, BMI, waist circumference, BP, Cornell Index, serum total cholesterol and uric acid, urinary fractional sodium excretion (FENa), a marker of dietary sodium intake, and albuminuria (ALB) were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in participants who developed RH compared with the others. Using a logistic regression model, after adjustment for basal antihypertensive treatment, microalbuminuria (Odds Ratio; C.I 95%: 3.2;1.1– 9.3), proteinuria (12.2; 1.9 –76.5), systolic BP (2.1;1.4 –3.3) and FENA (1.4; 1.1–1.7) remained the only independent predictors of RH. Conclusions: Our results indicate that an early marker of organ damage (albuminuria), an elevated dietary sodium intake and a higher basal BP level were independent predictors of the development of RH in this sample of adult male population.
Delirium in terminally ill cancer patients
Authors: Mary J. Massie, Jimmie Holland, Ellen Glass
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Nineteen patients believed to be in the terminal stages of cancer were evaluated for signs of delirium. Six patients improved; 13 who died during hospitalization were studied until their death. Patients were interviewed three times a week using a delirium scale; medical records also were used to gather data. Eleven (85%) of the 13 patients developed delirium. In most patients, delirium was caused by multiple factors. The authors outline strategies for management of terminal cancer patients with delirium.
Are Group Psychotherapeutic Treatments Effective for Patients with Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stavros Orfanos, Ciara Banks, Stefan Priebe
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Different psychotherapeutic treatments for schizophrenia are delivered in groups. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these group therapies for people with schizophrenia across different treatments with varying therapeutic orientations. This review aimed to (1) estimate the effect of different group psychotherapeutic treatments for schizophrenia and (2) explore whether any overall ‘group effect' is moderated by treatment intensity, diagnostic homogeneity and therapeutic orientation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A systematic search of randomised controlled trials exploring the effectiveness of group psychotherapeutic treatments for people with schizophrenia was conducted. Random-effect meta-analyses on endpoint symptom scores compared group psychotherapeutic treatments with treatment as usual and active sham groups. Findings on social functioning were described narratively, and meta-regression analyses on group characteristics were carried out. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Thirty-four eligible trials were included. A weak-to-moderate significant between-group difference in favour of group psychotherapeutic treatments was found for negative symptom scores (standard mean difference = -0.37, 95% confidence interval -0.60, -0.14; p &lt; 0.01, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 59.8%) only when compared to treatment as usual and not to active sham groups. Improved social functioning was reported as a treatment outcome in the majority of studies compared to treatment as usual. The ‘group effect' on negative symptoms was positively related to ‘treatment intensity' (β = 0.32, standard error = 0.121; p &lt; 0.05). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Group psychotherapeutic treatments can improve negative symptoms and social functioning deficits in the treatment of schizophrenia. The effect occurs across different treatments and appears to be non-specific. Future research should identify the underlying mechanisms for the positive effect of participating in groups and explore how they can be maximised to increase the therapeutic benefit.
Secondary disaster victims: the emotional effects of recovering and identifying human remains
Authors: D R Jones
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The author conducted a questionnaire survey of the 592 U.S. Air Force personnel involved in transporting and identifying the bodies of the almost 1,000 persons who died in Jonestown, Guyana; 225 (38%) of the personnel involved returned the questionnaire, as well as 76 (22%) of 352 individuals who were not involved in the operation. The Guyana respondents reported significantly more short-term dysphoria, which was more pronounced in those younger than 25 years of age, those who were black, those who were enlisted men rather than officers, and those with more exposure to the bodies. The author discusses the implications of these findings in planning future disaster relief programs.
Dextromethorphan and Quinidine for Treating Agitation in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Dementia
Authors: Clive Ballard, Samantha Sharp, Anne Corbett
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal