tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Follow-Up of Reduced Intensity Transplantation with an Alemtuzumab-Containing Regimen for Aggressive Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma.
Authors: Kirsty Thomson, Emma Morris, Adrian Bloor, Gordon Cook, Donald Milligan, Anne Parker, Charles Craddock, Lynny Yung, Ronjon Chakraverty, Karl Peggs, Stephen Mackinnon
Journal: Blood (2007)
Variants of a Human Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line (THP-1): Induction of Differentiation by Retinoic Acid, Interferon-γ, and T-Lymphocyte-Derived Differentiation-Inducing Activity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Takehiko Nakamura, Hiromichi Hemmi, Hisashi Aso, Nakao Ishida
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Induction of terminal differentiation of two variant sublines derived from the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 by all-trans-beta-retinoic acid (RA) was studied. One of the variants was approximately 10 times more resistant to RA and the other, approximately 10 times more sensitive than the parent THP-1. Differentiation of the RA-resistant variant could be induced by immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and a T-lymphocyte-derived lymphokine of a differentiation-inducing activity (DIA), alone or in combination with 10 nM RA. These induced cells showed many of functional monocyte and/or macrophage characteristics, such as superoxide anion production, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. RA suppressed the expression of Fc receptors, phagocytosis, and 5'-nucleotidase activity of the resistant cells, although not the expression of the sensitive variant. These results indicate that RA-resistant cells can be fully induced to differentiate by the combination of RA and IFN-gamma or DIA.
Brain tumor clinical trials imaging: a (well-standardized) picture is worth a thousand words
Authors: Joohee Sul, Daniel M Krainak
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

FDA approval of oncology therapies requires demonstration of direct clinical benefit measured by improvement in how patients “function, feel or survive.”1 Prolonged overall survival has long been the preferred benchmark for establishing patient benefit; however, outcomes such as progression-free survival and tumor response have been recognized as acceptable surrogates for clinical benefit in the appropriate settings. Historically, FDA has supported the use of imaging as a tool to expedite the drug and device development processes2; in fact, most accelerated approvals of cancer drugs have been granted on the basis of durable objective responses in a refractory setting, including approval of therapies for patients with high-grade gliomas. Assessment of response and progression in neuro-oncology has been particularly challenging given the unique biological, physiological, and anatomic characteristics of the brain. Moreover, determining disease status requires appraisal of not only the tumor, but its vasculature and neighboring reactive cells. The advent of MRI provided exceptional visualization of neuroanatomy and pathological processes such as ischemia; paradoxically, it also increased uncertainty in the ability to interpret radiographic changes.
Health care workers' knowledge about COPD and health locus of control
Authors: Rika Tonami, Tomoko Hasegawa, Yoshiko Uehara, Kanae Kitano, Kumiko Asakawa, Yuji Kuwabara, Keiko Ota, Takeshi Ishizaki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD are underestimated and undiagnosed in Japan (Aizawa, H. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65(4): 599-604). It could be influenced by under-recognition of COPD by medical professionals as well as ordinary population.  Aims: The aim of this study was to clarify the health care workers’ knowledge about COPD, intention to study the diseases, and health locus of control.  Methods: The research methods were approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Fukui, Department of Medical Sciences (Approval #23-109).The self-oriented questionnaire was distributed to care workers in 9 hospital. The questionnaire contained 1) demographic data, and smoking status, 2) knowledge about COPD, 3) intention to study COPD, and 4) health locus of control. Locus of control was measured by the Japanese Health Locus of Control: JHLC.  Results: A total of 1018 (68%) out of 1,505 subjects were analyzed as valid data. The average age was 35.4±9.7 years, 177 (17.4%) were male, and 744 (73.1%) were nurses, 23 (2.3%) were physicians, 147 (14.4) were co-medical professionals, and 104 (10.2%) were others. Most of the subjects stated that they knew COPD very well or moderately. About 17% subjects showed very high intention to study COPD, 46% showed moderate intention, and 38% showed a little or almost none intention. The average points of JHLC were followed: “Internal” 20.5, “Family” 20.1,”Professional” 17.0, “Chance” 14.9, and “Supernatural” 11.0.  Conclusions: the subjects believed they had high level of knowledge; whereas, they showed moderate level of intention to study COPD. The subjects also believed locus of control on self and family rather than professional.
Subtyping DSM-III-R primary insomnia: a literature review by the DSM-IV Work Group on Sleep Disorders
Authors: C F Reynolds, D J Kupfer, D J Buysse, P A Coble, A Yeager
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The authors review the usefulness, reliability, and validity of recently proposed subtypes of primary insomnia. DSM-III uses "primary insomnia" to indicate chronic insomnia not associated with other diagnosable mental or medical disorders, whereas the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) recognizes three subtypes: psychophysiological insomnia, idiopathic insomnia, and sleep state misperception.After reviewing all of the primary source references for each insomnia disorder in the ICSD and all of the additional primary sources cited in each of these, the authors conducted an automated literature search using Medline. Of the 48 primary sources located, the authors selected 27 studies that were reported in peer-reviewed journals, had the largest available subject groups, used diagnostic reliability procedures, and included control groups.The studies reviewed contained limited empirical support for the proposed distinction between idiopathic and psychophysiological insomnia. Sleep state misperception appears, however, to be a highly prevalent feature of chronic insomnia generally, rather than only a specific disorder per se.The authors conclude that there is not yet sufficient empirical evidence to warrant the abandonment of DSM-III-R "primary insomnia" and the adoption of the ICSD subtypes in DSM-IV. However, they affirm the heuristic value of the ICSD subtypes and the need for field trials to compare the performance characteristics of the DSM-III-R and ICSD systems with respect to 1) interrater reliability, 2) effects of rater expertise (generalist versus specialist) on rates of agreement, and 3) effects of polysomnographic data on rates of agreement.
Spindle and pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma arising in lichen sclerosus of the vulva
Authors: None Cockayne, None Shah, None Slater, None Harrington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

An 83-year-old woman presented with a vulval mass. Radical vulvectomy was performed and histology showed a unique mixed picture of spindle, pseudoglandular and classical squamous cell carcinoma arising in vulval lichen sclerosus.
The rate of shisha experimenter's continues to increase among Parisian students after the smoking ban
Authors: Marie-Dominique Dautzenberg, Pierre Birkui, Maryvonne Noel, Bertrand Dautzenberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

As first cigarettes are irritants and unpleasant, tobacco industry try to charmed adolescent with supposed “sweet and soft tobacco product” as water pipes (Shisha) before initiation to cigarettes use. However, this sweetness is only apparent. This product, unknown to French teenagers 10 years ago, has become very popular.

We analyzed on Parisian schoolchildren how the smoking ban, including the closure of shisha bars in 2008, modified shisha experimentation in teenagers.

Methods: Since 2007, a question about the experience of shisha was introduced in the Parisian annual PST survey. This self-administered anonymously questionnaire is assigned at random by class towards 2% of schoolchildren population, in colleges and in high schools of Paris Academy.

Results: 10% of 12 years old children had experimented shisha. The rate of shisha experimenter increases progressively until 2/3 of 17 years old students. This experiment has not been decrease at any age by the ban. After the ban (2009-2011) the experimentation of shisha increased from 20% to 30% for 14 year-old schoolchildren compared to 2007-2008 survey.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Total ban don't decrease initiation of tobacco smoke with shisha in Parisian teenagers. Preventive campaigns are needed to inform adolescents that shisha is harmful and may be a gate for initiation of tobacco use, but, unfortunately, all budgets for this prevention has been cut down for 5 years in France.

 [1]: pending:yes
Are the current criteria for response useful in the management of multiple myeloma?
Authors: M Palmer, A Belch, L Brox, E Pollock, M Koch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

One hundred seventy-three patients with multiple myeloma were treated from the time of diagnosis with standard oral melphalan and prednisone at 28-day intervals until they became refractory to treatment. Response to treatment was determined according to the Chronic Leukemia-Myeloma Task Force (TF) criteria, and independently according to the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) criteria. Survival by disease stage and response according to the two sets of criteria were analyzed for patients living longer than 3 months. The median survival of responding and nonresponding (TF criteria) stage II patients was 43.8 and 40.3 months, respectively (P = .29). By SWOG criteria, median survival for responding and nonresponding stage II patients was 48.3 and 39.0 months, respectively (P = .12). In stage III patients, median survival for responders and nonresponders (TF criteria) was 34.0 and 21.7 months, respectively (P = .01), compared with 35.5 and 24.4 months (P = .04) by SWOG criteria. These data would suggest that the TF criteria predicts a survival disadvantage only in very advanced myeloma and that applying the stricter limits for the definition of response of the SWOG does not further aid in selecting a subgroup of myeloma patients with poorer survival.
Interleukin-17A/F regulates MMP-9 expression in the lung of mice after inhalation of cigarette smoke
Authors: Masuo Nakamura, Hiroo Wada, Shin-ichi Inoue, Toshiya Inui, Kojiro Honda, Keitaro Nakamoto, Manabu Higaki, Mitsuru Sata, Saori Takata, Takuma Yokoyama, Akihiko Kudo, Tomoko Hanawa, Fumie Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kanma, Hajime Goto, Hajime Takizawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background Interleukin (IL)-17 and its chemotactic activity are involved in pathogenesis of COPD or steroid-resistant asthma, observed in smokers. Thus, the role of IL-17 on inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure was investigated, using the murine model which we established so far. Methods Mice deficient with IL-17A and F genes, and wild-type mice were exposed to CS for 5, 8, 12 and 26 days, using an exposure system (MIPS, Osaka, Japan). Cellular responses and protein levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined, and, then, mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were estimated in the lung tissues using quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining.

Results Neutrophil count in BAL fluid significantly increased after CS inhalation on day 8 in wild-type mice (p<0.05), while the inreases in IL-17 deficient mice were significantly smaller (p<0.05). Confirming this, histologic analyses showed that significantly less neutrophils were observed in the lung on day 8 in IL-17 deficient mice. (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses further showed that MMP-9 positive cells, mostly neutrophils, were increased in both genotypes on CS inhalation, and that significantly less MMP-9 positive cells were observed in IL-17 deficient mice. In parallel, MMP-9 mRNA levels in the lung of IL-17 deficient mice were significantly smaller (p<0.05). Conclusion CS exposure induced pulmonary neutrophilic recruitment and enhanced MMP-9 expression in the lung, while both were ameliorated in IL-17 deficient mice. Our result suggested the pathogenic involvement of IL-17 in disease and conditions in association with CS exposure-induced inflammation.
Study of auditory function in children with chronic lung diseases
Authors: Hanan Mohamed Ibrahim, Terez Boshra Kamel, Nithreen M.S. Abdel-Salam, Salah R. Abu-Ata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: Chronic hypoxia has an evident effect on cochlear function and hearing sensitivity. Otoacoustic emissions' testing is efficient in detecting subtle cochlear dysfunction. This cross sectional study was designed to assess the cochlear function in children with chronic lung diseases who were exposed to prolonged hypoxia and prolonged use of ototoxic drugs (as aminoglycosides) using basic audiological evaluation and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions testing.

Methods: The study was carried out on 30 Egyptian children with chronic lung disease recruited from the Pediatric Chest Clinic, Children's hospital, Ain Shams University. Twenty normal children were included as control.

Results: Six patients (20%) showed abnormal otoacoustic emissions. A significant effect of hypoxia on otoacoustic emissions findings was found (p<0.05). However, there was no significant effect of inhaled aminoglycosides on auditory functions whether pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions testing.

Conclusions: Children with chronic lung diseases are liable to cochlear dysfunction due to prolonged hypoxia. Inhaled aminoglycosides in chronic lung diseases is relatively safe on auditory functions.
Production of Tumor-Specific Antibody in the Xenogeneic Host: Use of Blocking Antibody
Authors: Roy S. Weiner, Jeffrey D. Hubbard, Michael R. Mardiney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Rabbit antisera to normal C57BL/6 spleen cells were produced by repeated weekly injection. The 8-week pooled antiserum was cytotoxic for C57BL/6 splenic lymphocytes and EL4 cells in equal titer. The antiserum was incubated with EL4 ascites cells, and cell-serum suspensions were injected intravenously into rabbits. The antisera resulting from 2, 3, and 4 such weekly immunizations were assayed for cytotoxicity against C57BL/6 splenic lymphocytes and EL4 cells and compared with control sera produced identically, except that normal rabbit serum was substituted for the rabbit antinormal spleen cell serum. The experimental sera resulting from the passive administration of antibody to normal cells had progressively higher titers for EL4 cells and low liters for normal cells. Moreover, while the cytotoxic activity for normal spleen cells was easily abolished by absorption with normal spleen cells, there was little reduction in the cytotoxic titer for EL4 cells, even after exhaustive absorption with normal spleen cells. In the control serum, no cytotoxic antibody was demonstrated after absorption with normal spleen cells. In vivo absorptions substantiated these results. The applicability of these techniques and hypotheses concerning their effectiveness are discussed.—J Natl Cancer Inst 49: 1063–1070, 1972.
Abstract 18924: Valve Weight and Severity of Valve Calcification are less in Paradoxical Low Gradient than in High Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Jamila Boulif, Bernhard Gerber, Siham Lazam, Fabian Demeure, Christophe de Meester, Agnès Pasquet, David Vancraeynest, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Paradoxical low gradient (PLG) severe aortic stenosis (SAS) is a recently described subset of SAS, whose exact clinical significance is a matter of intense debate. Some authors indeed consider this new entity as a more advanced form of SAS, whereas others believe it represents a relatively benign form of AS. To get further insight into the pathophysiology of PLG SAS, we compared the weight of the valves explanted at the time of surgery (AVR) and the degree of valve calcification, two surrogates markers of the true stenosis severity, among consecutive patients with PLG SAS and high-gradient (HG) SAS. Methods: We prospectively recruited 38 consecutive patients (20 men; mean age: 73 yrs) with isolated non-rheumatic SAS (indexed aortic valve area (AVAi) < 0.6 cm2/m2). Prior to AVR, patients underwent multidetecor cardiac CT to measure the aortic valve Agatston calcium score. At the time of AVR, the aortic leaflets were carefully dissected free from the aortic wall, cleaned from any blood residues ...
Perspectives from Spanish infectious diseases professionals on 2009 A (H1N1) influenza: the third half
Authors: J.R. Paño-Pardo, A. Martín-Quirós, M. Romero-Gómez, J. Maldonado, A. Martín-Vega, A. Rico-Nieto, M. Mora-Rillo, F. Grill, J. García-Rodríguez, J.R. Arribas, J. Carratalá, J. Rodríguez-Baño
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Biology of Osteoclast Activation in Cancer
Authors: G. David Roodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

ABSTRACT: Bone is a frequent site of cancer metastasis. Bone metastases can result in bone destruction or new bone formation. Bone destruction is mediated by factors produced or induced by tumor cells that stimulate formation and activation of osteoclasts, the normal bone-resorbing cells. Local bone destruction also occurs in patients with osteoblastic metastases and may precede or occur simultaneously with increased bone formation. Several factors, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1α), have been implicated as factors that enhance osteoclast formation and bone destruction in patients with neoplasia. PTHrP seems to be the major factor produced by breast cancer cells that induces osteoclast formation through upregulation of RANK ligand. Enhanced RANK ligand expression also plays an important role in bone destruction in patients with myeloma. RANK ligand can act to enhance the effects of other factors produced by myeloma cells or in response to myeloma cells, such as MIP-1α and/or IL-6, to induce osteoclast formation. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for osteoclast activation in osteolytic metastases should lead to development of novel therapeutic approaches for this highly morbid and potentially fatal complication of cancer.
Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Care in the United States: 1990–2010
Authors: Caitlin C. Murphy, Linda C. Harlan, Jennifer L. Lund, Charles F. Lynch, Ann M. Geiger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality has declined in the United States, in part because of advances in treatment. Few studies have evaluated the adoption of therapies and temporal changes in patterns of care.Patients age 20 years and older diagnosed with stages II/III CRC were randomly sampled from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in 1990-1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 (n = 7057). Therapy was obtained from medical records and physician verification. We described the receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Log-binomial regression was used to examine factors associated with therapy. All statistical tests were two-sided.Chemotherapy receipt among colon cancer patients increased from 1990 (stage II: 22.5%; stage III: 56.3%) to 2005 (stage II: 32.1%; stage III: 72.4%) and declined slightly in 2010 (stage II: 29.3%; stage III: 66.4%). Stage III colon cancer patients who were older (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.91; ≥80 years: RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.47) or had a comorbidity score of 2 or higher (vs 0, RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.87) received chemotherapy less often. Receipt of radiation therapy by rectal cancer patients increased across all years from 45.5% to 66.1%. Increasing age (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.74; ≥80 years: RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.45) was associated with lower chemoradiation use among stage II/III rectal cancer patients.Our findings demonstrate increased adoption of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for colon and rectal cancer patients and differences in therapy by age, comorbidity, and diagnosis year. Increased receipt of these therapies in the community may further reduce CRC mortality.
Effect of Hormones on Mammary-Tumor Development From Transplanted Hyperplastic Alveolar Nodules in Ovariectomized-Adrenalectomized C3H/Crgl Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Satyabrata Nandi, Howard A. Bern
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Hyperplastic alveolar nodules were transplanted into the mammary-gland-free fat pads of C3H/Crgl female mice. The host mice were then ovariectomized-adrenalectomized and treated with various nonestrogenic steroids (deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone) and also with steroid combinations containing estradiol. No tumors developed from any nodule transplants in ovariectomized-adrenalectomized control mice. Although all the corticoids used supported neoplastic transformation from a few transplanted nodules, the difference in tumor incidence between these groups and the control mice was not statistically significant. A large proportion of the transplanted nodules regressed in corticoid-treated mice; they lost their alveoli and failed to grow. Unlike the corticoids, progesterone treatment resulted in maintenance of all transplanted nodules and significantly increased the frequency of tumor development. The estrogen-containing combinations maintained all transplanted nodules and supported outgrowth formation from them. The tumor frequency in all the estrogen-treated mice combined was significantly greater than that in all corticoid-and progesterone-treated mice combined and than that in the untreated ovariectomized-adrenalectomized control mice.