tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genomic profiling combined with gene expression profiling in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Chang Ohk Sung, Sang Cheol Kim, Sivasundaram Karnan, Kennosuke Karube, Hyung Jin Shin, Do-Hyun Nam, Yeon-Lim Suh, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Masao Seto, Young-Hyeh Ko
Journal: Blood (2010)
A comparative study of standard ERCP catheter and hydrophilic guide wire in the selective cannulation of the common bile duct
Authors: P. Katsinelos, G. Paroutoglou, J. Kountouras, G. Chatzimavroudis, C. Zavos, I. Pilpilidis, G. Tzelas, G. Tzovaras
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Deep cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) is paramount for the success of endoscopic biliary intervention. The aim of the present study was to compare standard ERCP catheter and hydrophilic guide wire (HGW) in the selective cannulation of the CBD.A total of 332 patients were randomly assigned to cannulation with a standard catheter (n = 165) or a HGW (n = 167). If cannulation had not succeeded after 10 minutes with the technique assigned at randomization, a further attempt was made for an additional 10 minutes using the alternative technique. The following were assessed: primary and overall selective cannulation, time to cholangiography, number of pancreatic opacifications and guide-wire pancreatic duct insertions, and complication rates.The primary success rate of selective CBD cannulation was higher in the HGW (81.4 %) than in the standard catheter group (53.9 %; P < 0.001). The overall cannulation rate after crossover was comparable between the two groups (standard catheter 84 % vs. HGW 83.8 %; P = 0.19). Time required for primary selective CBD cannulation was 3.53 +/- 0.32 minutes in the standard catheter vs. 4.48 +/- 0.32 minutes in the HGW group ( P = 0.04), and the number of insertions of the guide wire into the pancreatic duct was 3.29 +/- 0.47 in the standard catheter vs. 2.7 +/- 0.21 in the HGW group ( P = 0.22). Pancreatic opacifications occurred 3.19 +/- 0.20 times in the standard catheter vs. 1.50 +/- 0.22 times in the HGW group ( P < 0.001). Precut techniques were used in 56 patients (16.9 %) (n = 31 in the standard catheter vs. n = 25 in the HGW group; P = 0.07). The frequency of postinterventional pancreatitis and hemorrhage did not differ between the two groups. A young woman developed post-ERCP hemolytic crisis due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. There was no procedure-related mortality.The use of HGW, as primary technique or as a secondary technique after failure of cannulation with a standard catheter, achieves a high rate of selective CBD cannulation.
Randomised controlled trial of computer-held medical records in hypertensive patients.
Authors: C J Bulpitt, L J Beilin, E C Coles, C T Dollery, B F Johnson, A D Munro-Faure, S C Turner
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A total of 278 hypertensive patients in three clinics were randomly allocated to have their medical records held in a computer system (136) or on standard hospital notes (142). For the computer system the doctor completed a structured input form, and the information on symptoms, physical findings, and diagnoses was more complete than that in the standard notes. This resulted in certain symptoms and risk factors being recognised more often when the computer system was used. The hypertension clinics9 routines were not disrupted by the introduction of a computer-held system, and follow-up consultation times were not affected by the type of records kept, although the first consultation took eight minutes longer when computer documents were completed. The patients remained in the trial for one year and clinical management was assessed from blood pressure control, drop-out rates, and the frequency of performing investigations. These estimates of management showed no significant difference between the two groups, but the attempt to tailor the computer system to help management made the system acceptable to the doctors using it. The computer system continues to be used and is providing data for research into hypertension.
STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

A fresh strain of equine encephalomyelitis virus is infectious for adult mice in high dilutions by all modes of peripheral inoculation. A fixed strain has very limited invasive power when injected peripherally unless virus is placed in fairly close contact with nerve cell bodies, as in the intranasal or intraocular routes. For fixed virus the effectiveness of the mode of inoculation may be graded in the following descending order: intracerebral, intraocular and intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous. Fixed virus has a very limited power of invading the central nervous system along the axones of peripheral nerves even when injected directly into the nerve. Infants are more susceptible to infection than are adults. But even for infants, intraperitoneal inoculation with fixed virus is significantly less effective than similar inoculations with fresh virus. Brain trauma does not increase the effective titer of fresh or fixed viruses but may shorten the incubation period for fresh virus. With fixed virus injected intramuscularly, a pronounced facilitating effect may be produced by the simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of 0.20 to 0.25 cc. of 50 per cent glycerine. Other irritants tried are without effect.
Disseminating information on divisions and committees
Authors: M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Two G protein-coupled receptors (Edg-2) and (Edg-4) for the lysolipid phosphoric acid mediator lysophosphatidic acid have been described by molecular cloning. However, the calcium-mobilizing receptor Edg-4 is not expressed in some cell lines that exhibit robust calcium responses to this ligand, thus predicting the existence of additional receptor subtypes. We report here on the characterization of a third human lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype, Edg-7, which mediates lysophosphatidic acid-evoked calcium mobilization. In a rat hepatoma Rh7777 cell line that lacks endogenous responses to lysophosphatidic acid, this lipid mediator, but not others, evokes calcium transients when the cells have been transfected with Edg-7 or Edg-4 DNAs. Furthermore, frog oocytes exhibit a calcium-mediated chloride conductance in response to mammalian-selective lysophosphatidic acid mimetics after injection of Edg-7 mRNA. Edg-7-expressing Rh7777 cells do not show inhibition of forskolin-driven rises in cAMP in response to lysophosphatidic acid. However, membranes from HEK293T cells cotransfected with Edg-7 and G<sub>i2</sub>α protein DNAs show lysophosphatidic acid dose-dependent increases in [γ-<sup>35</sup>S]GTP binding with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 195 nM. When we used this assay to compare various synthetic LPA analogs at Edg-2, Edg-4, and Edg-7 receptors, we found that ethanolamine-based compounds, which are full LPA mimetics at Edg-2 and Edg-4, exhibit little activity at the Edg-7 receptor. Edg-7 RNA was detected in extracts of several rat and human tissues including prostate. Together, our data indicate that Edg-7 is a third lysophosphatidic acid receptor that couples predominantly to G<sub>q/11</sub>α proteins.
Glucagon enhanced automaticity in spontaneously beating Purkinje fibres of canine false tendons
Authors: J. K. Pruett, E. F. Woods, H. B. Daniell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Glass microelectrodes were used to study the effect of glucagon on phase 4 of Purkinje fibre action potentials. Glucagon enhanced automaticity of canine Purkinje fibres in false tendons as evidenced by increases in spontaneous rate and increases in the slope of phase 4 depolarization. Mean control rate of spontaneously beating fibres was 46·2 ± SE 5·06/min. After addition of glucagon to the bath, rate increased to a mean of 62·2 ± SE 5·29/min, 34% above control value. Rates after treatment with glucagon were significantly different from control (P < 0.001) and compared favourably, on a percentage basis, with increased rates reported in isolated cat atria, intact dogs, and dogs with complete heart block after glucagon administration. This study demonstrates that glucagon influences automaticity of fibres below the A-V node.
Cancer Mortality among Men Occupationally Exposed to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Authors: Pierluigi Cocco, Domenica Fadda, Beatrice Billai, Mario D'Atri, Massimo Melis, Aaron Blair
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Several studies have evaluated cancer risk associated with occupational and environmental exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Results are mixed. To further inquire into human carcinogenicity of DDT, we conducted a mortality follow-up study of 4,552 male workers, exposed to DDT during antimalarial operations in Sardinia, Italy, conducted in 1946 to 1950. Detailed information on DDT use during the operations provided the opportunity to develop individual estimates of average and cumulative exposure. Mortality of the cohort was first compared with that of the Sardinian population. Overall mortality in the cohort was about as expected, but there was a deficit for death from cardiovascular disease and a slight excess for nonmalignant respiratory diseases and lymphatic cancer among the unexposed subcohort. For internal comparisons, we used Poisson regression analysis to calculate relative risks of selected malignant and nonmalignant diseases with the unexposed subcohort as the reference. Cancer mortality was decreased among DDT-exposed workers, mainly due to a reduction in lung cancer deaths. Birth outside from the study area was a strong predictor of mortality from leukemia. Mortality from stomach cancer increased up to 2-fold in the highest quartile of cumulative exposure (relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-4.4), but no exposure-response trend was observed. Risks of liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and leukemia were not elevated among DDT-exposed workers. No effect of latency on risk estimates was observed over the 45 years of follow-up and within selected time windows. Adjusting risks by possible exposure to chlordane in the second part of the antimalarial operations did not change the results. In conclusion, we found little evidence for a link between occupational exposure to DDT and mortality from any of the cancers previously suggested to be associated.
Diurnal Variation in Glucose Tolerance and its Reversal by Lengthened Fasting
Authors: P. M. Trenchard, R. D. Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a group of healthy young male volunteers a worsened tolerance to oral glucose in the afternoon after a four-hour fast was reversed by a 12-hour fast. The latter also produced consistent mild hypoglycaemia from two and a half to four hours after the glucose loading irrespective of the time of day.
Neural Network Functional Connectivity During and After an Episode of Delirium
Authors: Soo-Hee Choi, Hyeongrae Lee, Tae-Sub Chung, Kyung-Min Park, Young-Chul Jung, Sun I. Kim, Jae-Jin Kim
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective: Delirium is a common and potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome. The authors investigated resting-state functional connectivity in patients with delirium to elucidate possible neural mechanisms underlying this disorder. Method: Twenty-two patients underwent initial functional MRI at rest during an episode of delirium. Of these patients, 14 completed follow-up scans after the episode resolved. Twenty-two comparison subjects without delirium also underwent scanning. The authors assessed cortical functional connectivity using the seed region of the posterior cingulate cortex and functional connectivity strengths between a priori subcortical regions related to acetylcholine and dopamine on data from 20 initial and 13 follow-up scans. Results: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and posterior cingulate cortex activity were inversely correlated in comparison subjects but strongly correlated in patients during an episode of delirium as indicated by increased functional connectivity between the two regions. Although precuneus activity was positively correlated with posterior cingulate cortex activity in comparison subjects, the correlation was further increased in patients during an episode of delirium, and the increment was associated with less severity and shorter duration of delirium. Functional connectivity strengths of the intralaminar thalamic and caudate nuclei with other subcortical regions were reduced during an episode of delirium but recovered after resolution of the episode. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the disruption in reciprocity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with the posterior cingulate cortex and reversible reduction of functional connectivity of subcortical regions may underlie the pathophysiology of delirium. In addition, enhanced integration in the posteromedial cortices may account for facilitating the rapid improvement of delirium.
Lead Exposure Inhibits Fracture Healing and Is Associated with Increased Chondrogenesis, Delay in Cartilage Mineralization, and a Decrease in Osteoprogenitor Frequency
Authors: Jonathan J. Carmouche, J. Edward Puzas, Xinping Zhang, Prarop Tiyapatanaputi, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Robert Gelein, Michael Zuscik, Randy N. Rosier, Brendan F. Boyce, Regis J. O’Keefe, Edward M. Schwarz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Lead exposure continues to be a significant public health problem. In addition to acute toxicity, Pb has an extremely long half-life in bone. Individuals with past exposure develop increased blood Pb levels during periods of high bone turnover or resorption. Pb is known to affect osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes and has been associated with osteoporosis. However, its effects on skeletal repair have not been studied. We exposed C57/B6 mice to various concentrations of Pb acetate in their drinking water to achieve environmentally relevant blood Pb levels, measured by atomic absorption. After exposure for 6 weeks, each mouse underwent closed tibia fracture. Radiographs were followed and histologic analysis was performed at 7, 14, and 21 days. In mice exposed to low Pb concentrations, fracture healing was characterized by a delay in bridging cartilage formation, decreased collagen type II and type X expression at 7 days, a 5-fold increase in cartilage formation at day 14 associated with delayed maturation and calcification, and a persistence of cartilage at day 21. Fibrous nonunions at 21 days were prevalent in mice receiving very high Pb exposures. Pb significantly inhibited ex vivo bone nodule formation but had no effect on osteoclasts isolated from Pb-exposed animals. No significant effects on osteoclast number or activity were observed. We conclude that Pb delays fracture healing at environmentally relevant doses and induces fibrous nonunions at higher doses by inhibiting the progression of endochondral ossification.
Parvovirus B19 and chronic arthritis--causal or casual association?
Authors: A D Woolf, B J Cohen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

LeadersParvovirus B1 9 and chronic arthritis-causal or casual association?Since its identification in asymptomatic blood donors in 1975, human parvovirus B19 has been associated with a variety of clinical manifestations including erythema infectiosum,l aplastic crises,2 hydrops fetalis,3 certain vasculitides4 5 and an acute arthropathy.67 Nikkari et al8 propose in this issue that parvovirus B 19 could be a trigger for rheumatoid arthritis in some patients.The spectrum of outcome was demonstrated in a controlled epidemiological study,9 varying from an asymptomatic infection, a flulike illness often with a rash, to an acute arthropathy in 60% of women and 30% of men, and lasting more than two months in 20%.Some of these patients, and others reported,6 9 had an arthropathy at times clinically indistinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis, a few are seropositive for rheumatoid factor,'0 and
Continuous Glycoprotein-130–Mediated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 Activation Promotes Inflammation, Left Ventricular Rupture, and Adverse Outcome in Subacute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, Praphulla Shukla, Gunnar Klein, Arnd Schaefer, Britta Stapel, Melanie Hoch, Werner Müller, Michaela Scherr, Gregor Theilmeier, Matthias Ernst, Andres Hilfiker, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (2010)

In patients with myocardial infarction, high serum levels of interleukin-6 cytokines predict a poor outcome. The common receptor of interleukin-6 cytokines, glycoprotein-130 (gp130), signals via janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathways, and the regulation of these pathways depends at least in part on the gp130 tyrosine-757 residue. By analyzing cardiomyocyte-specific gp130(Y757F) mutant mice, we investigated the effect of disturbed gp130 signaling after myocardial infarction.The cardiomyocyte-restricted alpha-myosin heavy chain-Cre-recombinase-loxP system was used to generate mice with gp130(Y757F) mutant cardiomyocytes (alphaMHC-Cre(tg/-);gp130(fl/Y757F) [Y(757)F]); all other cells carried at least 1 functional gp130 gene, ensuring normal gp130 signaling. Y(757)F mice displayed normal cardiac function and morphology at 3 months of age comparable to their nonmutant littermates. In response to myocardial infarction, Y(757)F mice displayed higher mortality associated with increased left ventricular rupture rate, sustained cardiac inflammation, and heart failure. These adverse effects were associated with prolonged and enhanced STAT3 activation and increased expression of interleukin-6 and of the complement-activating mannose-binding lectin C. Pharmacological inhibition of the complement system by cobra venom factor attenuated inflammation, prevented left ventricular rupture, and improved cardiac function in Y(757)F mice. Stronger effects were observed with a genetic reduction of STAT3 (STAT3(flox/+)) restricted to cardiomyocytes in Y(757)F mice, which prevented extensive upregulation of interleukin-6, complement activation, and sustained inflammation and lowered left ventricular rupture rate, heart failure, and mortality in subacute myocardial infarction.Impaired downregulation of gp130-mediated STAT3 activation in subacute infarction promotes cardiac inflammation, adverse remodeling, and heart failure, suggesting a potential causative role of high interleukin-6 serum levels after myocardial infarction.
Risks of the Good Samaritan.
Authors: P H Addison
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Advertising of Antibiotics SIR,-We would like to comment on certain aspects of the correspondence which has fol- lowed the publication of our letter on this subject (14 April, p. 116), particularly with reference to amoxycillin and cephradine.We agree with Dr. E. T. Knudsen (28 April, p. 240) that changing a molecule in a compound may alter its action, but this is by no means invariable.For example, the May 1973 issue of MIMS contains 40 prepara- tions of tetracycline and its derivatives which have different formulae but virtually identical antibacterial spectra.We are not opposed to amoxycillin which,
Ireland's recommended colorectal cancer screening programme will not get extra government funding
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A national colorectal cancer screening programme for people in Ireland aged 55 to 74 years has been recommended by two expert reports published last week. However, the Irish health minister, Mary Harney, has failed to commit additional funding for the project, instead asking experts to come up with “innovative ways” of introducing the programme “within existing resources.” 

The primary screening test recommended by experts from the National Cancer Screening Service and the one found to be most cost effective by the Health Information and Quality Authority is the faecal immunochemical …
The Future of Pediatrics: Again
Authors: Vincent A. Fulginiti
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Recently, a number of articles have been published concerning the future of the discipline of pediatrics.<sup>1-5</sup>These articles reflect a growing concern among those who care for our children that societal forces are impinging on the fabric of pediatric practice and that not all of these forces are benign or friendly. The report in this issue ofThe Journalby the Council on Long Range Planning and Development of the American Medical Association, produced in cooperation with the American Academy of Pediatrics, is the latest in this series of analyses.<sup>6</sup>It carefully catalogs some of the most critical societal influences as objectively as possible. The report also makes recommendations for action by organized medicine in response to these influences. The report is admirable in its description of the problem, but less satisfactory in offering tangible solutions or approaches. The major societal impact on pediatric practice and child health
Association Between Perioperative Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin vs Unfractionated Heparin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cancer Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Elie A. Akl, Lara A. Kahale, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3> In patients with cancer undergoing surgery, what is the association between perioperative thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin and mortality, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding outcomes? <h3>Bottom Line</h3> When used for perioperative thromboprophylaxis, there are no differences in the association of LMWH vs unfractionated heparin for preventing mortality, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, bleeding outcomes, or thrombocytopenia in patients with cancer.
DECREASED PERCENTAGE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS IN MOUSE PERIPHERAL BLOOD AFTER INOCULATION WITH MATERIAL FROM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Richard I. Carp, Pamela C. Licursi, Patricia A. Merz, George S. Merz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Mice inoculated with brain homogenates from multiple sclerosis (MS) cases showed marked changes in their leukocyte differential counts, with a decrease in per cent polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and an increase in the per cent lymphocytes. These changes were based upon an absolute decrease in the number of circulating PMN. The decrease in PMN percentages was apparent at 16 hr after infection and persisted for at least 11 months. The factor responsible for the decrease in PMN was (a) recoverable from 12 hr to 8(1/2) months after inoculation, (b) present in human brain homogenate at a concentration of 3 x 10(12), and (c) between 25 and 50 nm in diameter. Inoculation of 100 units of factor into mice and subsequent titration showed that the factor had undergone a net increase in the mouse of at least 10(9)-fold. The factor causing the PMN decrease was found in all MS material thus far tested: three brains, one spleen, three sera, and two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from nine cases of MS. The factor was not found in normal human material that included two brains, one spleen, two sera, and two CSF.
Vascular Occlusion after Intraarterial Cocaine Injection
Authors: Mark C Stover, Jeanmarie Perrone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 54-year-old man with a history of parenteral substance abuse, hepatitis C virus infection, and poor peripheral venous access presented to the emergency department with a history of progressive pain, swelling, and discoloration of his left thumb. Four days earlier, a friend had injected cocaine into the patient's left wrist. Examination revealed a swollen, dark thumb (Panel A) with tenderness over the thenar eminence, pain with motion, and an absence of capillary refill. An angiogram showed an abrupt interruption of flow in the radial artery at the wrist (Panel B, arrow), with no collateral flow to the thumb (Panel C). . . .