tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
David Ian Stirk
Authors: N. Markham
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The son of a doctor, David Ian Stirk was educated at Blundell’s School from 1930 to 1934. He then became a medical student at St Mary’s Paddington, qualifying as a surgeon in the early days of the second world war. He served for five years in the Royal Army Medical Corps, spending three of those years in India. On leaving the army, he worked in London and then went to Singapore to take up an appointment as a general surgeon. In 1959 he returned to England and worked as the first ever consultant general surgeon …
Reporting patient safety incidents to be mandatory for English trusts from April 2010
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

From April 2010 it will be mandatory for NHS trusts in England to report all patient safety incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency, bringing an end to the current voluntary system.

Under the new system all 400 NHS trusts in England, including hospitals, primary care trusts, mental health services, and ambulance services, will be obliged to report adverse incidents—for example, when a patient dies unexpectedly or is permanently injured during the course of care. The information will be shared with the NHS regulator, the Care Quality Commission, as part of the new registration process.

Private and voluntary healthcare providers will be brought into the new registration system from October 2010. From April 2011, primary dental care and private ambulance providers will be required to register with the commission and primary medical care providers from April 2012. The department of health said it was currently …
Breast Cancer Risk From Diet, Tobacco, and Alcohol
Authors: Ross L. Prentice
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Willett et al,<sup>1</sup>in their 8-year follow-up of the Nurses' Health Study cohort, assert that my colleagues and I believe that certain existing data sources "provide strong evidence for a causal association" between fat consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. On the contrary, we have argued consistently<sup>2,3</sup>that existing data sources, including data from the nurses' cohort, possess sufficient limitations that a stronger study design, namely, a randomized intervention trial, will be necessary to reliably test the hypothesis that a low-fat eating pattern can prevent breast and colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease among postmenopausal women. We have also argued<sup>2,3</sup>that fat reduction for the prevention of these diseases constitutes a strong hypothesis in the sense that available data sources, although far from definitive, consistently suggest an association of substantial public health importance. To elaborate on these points, consider breast cancer relative risk estimates
FACTOR IXA INHIBITION WITH REG1 PROVIDES RAPID ONSET, STABLE AND ACTIVELY CONTROLLED ANTICOAGULATION DURING PCI
Authors: Mauricio G. Cohen, Drew A. Purdy, Joseph S. Rossi, Liliana R. Grinfeld, Shelley K. Myles, Laura H. Aberle, Adam B. Greenbaum, Edward Fry, Mark Y. Chan, Steven Zelenkofske, John H. Alexander, Robert A. Harrington, Christopher P. Rusconi, Richard C. Becker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cleavage of viral RNA and inhibition of viral translation by hepatitis C virus RNA-specific hammerhead ribozyme in vitro
Authors: Kazuyoshi Ohkawa, Nobukazu Yuki, Yoshiyuki Kanazawa, Keiji Ueda, Eiji Mita, Yutaka Sasaki, Akinori Kasahara, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Sublingual immunotherapy abrogates seasonal bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with <i>Parietaria</i>‐induced respiratory allergy: a randomized controlled trial†
Authors: G. B. Pajno, G. Passalacqua, D. Vita, L. Caminiti, S. Parmiani, G. Barberio
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The use of immunotherapy in asthmatic children is still controversial. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) may represent an advance, due to the good safety profile, but little is known about its effects on lung function and nonspecific bronchial responsiveness. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of SLIT on these parameters, in children with Parietaria pollen‐induced asthma. Methods: Thirty children with asthma solely due to Parietaria who participated in a previous randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with SLIT were studied: pulmonary function test and methacholine challenge were carried out at baseline in winter 1999 (out season), during the 1999 season (before randomization), and during the 2001 season. Results: Before randomization, there was a significant fall in methacholine provocation concentration during the pollen season vs baseline in both groups (SLIT group 9.78 ± 5.95 mg/ml vs 3.37 ± 2.99 mg/ml; placebo 8.70 ± 6.25 mg/ml vs 2.44 ± 2.25 mg/ml; P = .005). In the second pollen season, the response to methacholine returned to baseline values in the active group (9.10 ± 7.7 mg/ml; P = NS vs baseline), whereas in the placebo group a significant increase in reactivity was still present (2.46 ± 2.26; P = 0.008 vs baseline). No significant difference in FEV 1 and FEF 25−75 between the two groups was observed at all times. Conclusions: Our data show that SLIT abrogates the seasonal bronchial hyperreactivity in children with asthma due to Parietaria . This may be regarded as an indirect evidence of the effect on bronchial inflammation.
Biobanks and Electronic Medical Records: Enabling Cost-Effective Research
Authors: Erica Bowton, Julie R. Field, Sunny Wang, Jonathan S. Schildcrout, Sara L. Van Driest, Jessica T. Delaney, James Cowan, Peter Weeke, Jonathan D. Mosley, Quinn S. Wells, Jason H. Karnes, Christian Shaffer, Josh F. Peterson, Joshua C. Denny, Dan M. Roden, Jill M. Pulley
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Linking of data from electronic medical records to biological specimens enables cost-effective and rapid genomic analyses.
Low density lipoprotein transport across a microvascular endothelial barrier after permeability is increased.
Authors: J C Rutledge, F R Curry, J F Lenz, P A Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We investigated the pathways for low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport across an endothelial barrier in individually perfused microvessels before and after an increase in permeability. The divalent cation ionophore A23187 (5 microM) was used to increase microvessel permeability. LDL permeability coefficients (PsLDL) were measured using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. In the control state, PsLDL measured after 10-23 minutes of accumulation of fluorescent-labeled LDL outside the microvessel wall was 4.8 x 10(-8) cm/sec. The transvascular vesicular exchange of approximately 50 vesicles/sec would account for the measured flux. The flux of LDL across the microvessel wall increased as much as 170-fold at the peak of the permeability increase (2-4 minutes after ionophore infusion). Permeability returned toward control values 10 minutes after ionophore infusion but remained elevated for as long as ionophore was present in the perfusate. The effective PsLDL was similar in magnitude to the Ps for fluorescent-labeled dextran (MW 20,000) when permeability was increased. To investigate the nature of pathways for LDL in the high-permeability state, PsLDL was measured at a series of microvessel pressures. LDL transport increased as microvessel pressure increased, demonstrating coupling of LDL flux to transvascular water flow. Solvent drag accounted for more than 95% of the increased flux of LDL in the period 2-10 minutes after permeability increased. Our results conform to the hypothesis that porous pathways between adjacent endothelial cells contribute to LDL transport across an endothelial barrier when permeability is increased.
Treatment of Poliomyelitis
Authors: J. P. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1932)

After nearly two decades of improvements, the current human reference genome (GRCh38) is the most accurate and complete vertebrate genome ever produced. However, no one chromosome has been finished end to end, and hundreds of unresolved gaps persist <sup>1,2</sup>. The remaining gaps include ribosomal rDNA arrays, large near-identical segmental duplications, and satellite DNA arrays. These regions harbor largely unexplored variation of unknown consequence, and their absence from the current reference genome can lead to experimental artifacts and hide true variants when re-sequencing additional human genomes. Here we present a <i>de novo</i> human genome assembly that surpasses the continuity of GRCh38 <sup>2</sup>, along with the first gapless, telomere-to-telomere assembly of a human chromosome. This was enabled by high-coverage, ultra-long-read nanopore sequencing of the complete hydatidiform mole CHM13 genome, combined with complementary technologies for quality improvement and validation. Focusing our efforts on the human X chromosome <sup>3</sup>, we reconstructed the ∼2.8 megabase centromeric satellite DNA array and closed all 29 remaining gaps in the current reference, including new sequence from the human pseudoautosomal regions and cancer-testis ampliconic gene families (CT-X and GAGE). This complete chromosome X, combined with the ultra-long nanopore data, also allowed us to map methylation patterns across complex tandem repeats and satellite arrays for the first time. These results demonstrate that finishing the human genome is now within reach and will enable ongoing efforts to complete the remaining human chromosomes.
Obesity increases heart disease risk in absence of metabolic risk factors
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The involvement of the serotonergic system in spatial learning and a possible correlation between serotonergic modulation of hippocampal electrical activity and spatial learning were studied in rats. Control, partial septal-lesioned (SL), 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)- injected (DHT), double-lesioned (5,7-DHT and SL; DL), and DL rats that were transplanted with embryonic raphe grafts into the hippocampus (RG) were tested in a spatial task in a water maze and in an active avoidance shuttle-box task. The responses of the dentate gyrus (DG) to perforant-path (PP) stimulation were examined in the same rats, under the following conditions: (1) priming stimulation of the PP (testing feedback inhibition), (2) priming stimulation of the commissural pathway (testing feedforward inhibition), (3) during repeated stimulation of the PP at 7 Hz (frequency potentiation), and (4) following tetanic stimulation [long-term potentiation (LTP)]. DL, but not DHT or SL, treatment severely impaired the performance of rats in both reference- and working-memory tasks in the water maze. This effect was not seen in the shuttle box. The ability of the DG to exhibit LTP, which was reduced in the DHT and SL rats, was apparently similar to controls in the DL group, DL, but not DHT or SL alone, resulted in a reduction of inhibition in the DG. Both the behavioral deficits and the reduction in hippocampal inhibition were ameliorated by intrahippocampal raphe grafts. These results indicate that the serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus plays a role in spatial learning when the septohippocampal neurotransmission systems are disrupted. Furthermore, these results suggest that restoration of modulation of hippocampal inhibition, by raphe grafts, underlies the behavioral recovery observed in these rats.
The Law and the Hospital
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

During the past few years, more sweeping changes have occurred in hospital law than in almost any other area of legal medicine. The law has made itself felt in virtually every facet of hospital life and has made many changes in traditional medicolegal doctrines. For the most part, the law has had a constructive impact on hospital care, with the patient the primary beneficiary.Perhaps the most subtle but important change has been the abolition of the many artificialities with which the law had cloaked hospital practice. For example, it used to be extremely important whether a hospital was a . . .
Toward Evidence-Based Policy Making and Standardized Assessment of Health Policy Reform
Authors: J. Frank Wharam, Norman Daniels
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C-Reactive Protein Downregulates Endothelial NO Synthase and Attenuates Reendothelialization In Vivo in Mice
Authors: Randall Schwartz, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Lisa Hahner, Linda L. Gibson, Andrew K. Gormley, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, Weifei Zhu, R. Ann Word, Divya Seetharam, Steven Black, David Samols, Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant that is positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk and endothelial dysfunction. In cell culture, CRP decreases the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), which regulates diverse endothelial cell (EC) functions including migration. To determine whether CRP alters EC gene expression and phenotype in vivo, we studied CF1 transgenic mice expressing rabbit CRP (CF1-CRP) regulated by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter such that levels could be altered by changing carbohydrate intake. Compared with CF1 controls with CRP of <1 microg/mL, carotid artery reendothelialization after perivascular electric injury was blunted in CF1-CRP mice, with CRP levels as low as 9 microg/mL. eNOS mRNA and enzyme abundance in carotid arteries was also blunted by CRP at 9 microg/mL in vivo, and ex vivo studies of isolated arteries showed that this occurs via direct action on the endothelium. The impaired reendothelialization with CRP was mimicked by NOS antagonism in CF1 mice; conversely, in cultured ECs CRP attenuation of migration was prevented by exogenous NO. Studies of EC transfected with human eNOS 5' flanking sequence fused to luciferase indicated that CRP decreases eNOS gene transcription. Both mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays further revealed that CRP-responsive elements reside within the first 79 bp of the eNOS promoter. Thus, CRP downregulates eNOS and attenuates reendothelialization in vivo in mice, and this action of CRP on eNOS is mediated at the level of gene transcription.
Preventing admission of older people to hospital
Authors: S. D'Souza, S. Guptha
Journal: BMJ (2013)

No evidence that managing “frail older” people in the community reduces admissions

The hypothesis that better community facilities for older people (over 65 years) will reduce demand for inpatient care is appealing and has gained wide acceptance. In England, many commissioning groups plan to redirect a substantial proportion of resources into services that will enable medical care for older people in the community. Secondary care trusts will need to take these funding changes into account when planning their services, and some trusts have already reduced their bed numbers and healthcare staff. 

In July 2012, the then secretary of state for health in England, Andrew Lansley, first admitted that the shift of focus towards community healthcare, as outlined by the Health and Social Care Bill, would lead to a reduction in inpatient beds. Plans to reduce beds in medical wards, and in units dedicated to older people, rest on the assumption that longer term conditions can be safely treated in the community. Reducing emergency hospital admissions remains a key target, not only because of the high costs of emergency admission compared with other forms of care, but also because emergency admissions disrupt elective healthcare.1 But will better community services for older people really reduce acute admissions to hospital?

Recent substantial changes to the NHS have gone ahead despite a lack of evidence that any model of community care can greatly reduce hospital admissions in frail older people. In 2010 a paper commissioned by the …
Doctors in Israeli detention facilities are complicit in torture, says report
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The increasing complexity of the genetic landscape in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents a significant resource and physician training challenge. At least 10% of those diagnosed with ALS or FTD are known to carry an autosomal dominant genetic mutation. There is no consensus on what constitutes a positive family history, and ascertainment is unreliable for many reasons. However, symptomatic individuals often wish to understand as much as possible about the cause of their disease, and to share this knowledge with their family. While the right of an individual not to know is a key aspect of patient autonomy, and despite the absence of definitive therapy, many newly diagnosed individuals are likely to elect for genetic testing if offered. It is incumbent on the practitioner to ensure that they are adequately informed, counselled and supported in this decision.
Depression: Disease, Reaction, or Posture?
Authors: DENIS HILL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The question posed by the title of this paper has been debated in the psychiatric literature both here and abroad for many years, as evidenced by such distinctions as endogenous vs. psychogenic or reactive, and psychotic vs. neurotic, forms of depression. This author concludes that depressive illness can be seen as disease in the sense that its manifestations are deviations from normal biological functions, and as reaction in the sense that it is a response to a crisis situation, resulting in a catastrophic lowering of self-esteem. But the therapeutic skill of the psychiatrist is best displayed when he understands the patient's depression as posture, the symptoms of which are forms of communication.
An eye opening technique
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Janice Hopkins Tanne talks to James Aquavella , the US surgeon who implanted an artificial cornea into a British baby boy who was born blind in one eye 

Aaron Rai, a 7 week old boy from Windsor, England, is doing well after receiving an implant of an artificial cornea at the University of Rochester Eye Institute in New York state. His parents took him to the United States after doctors in the United Kingdom told them that artificial cornea operations are usually performed only on children who are blind in both eyes.

   ![][1] 

Aaron Rai was born blind in the right eye (top). The eye was almost healed only three days after his operation (below)

Credit: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER EYE INSTITUTE IMAGING

Aaron was born with an anterior segment developmental disorder that left him blind in his right eye.

One day after surgery James Aquavella, professor of ophthalmology at the institute, said that Aaron's eye looked normal. “The procedure went very smoothly. He could follow light and finger movements. He was doing well when checked again the next day,” Dr Aquavella said. Aaron's parents were able to bring him back to the UK only a week after surgery.

Dr Aquavella and Dr Claes Dohlman at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Aortic Insufficiency Using Echocardiography, Gated Scintigraphy and Contrast Angiography
Authors: W K LASKEY, J A BIANCO, A H L FROM, R B SHAFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Echocardiography, gated scintigraphy and contrast angiography were used to measure left ventricular ejection fractions in 20 patients with varying degrees of aortic insufficiency. There was good correlation between the radionuclide and the angiographic ejection fractions. Echocardiographic ejection fraction correlated less well with the angiographic ejection fraction. The radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction may prove valuable in the noninvasive serial evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency.
Cost Savings and Prescribing Protocols for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: William W. Briner, Philip Majewski
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The goal of Dr Jones and colleagues<sup>1</sup>of reducing the cost of NSAID prescriptions is certainly laudable, given the large number of these prescriptions that are written. It was impressive that these authors were able to effect such a substantial change in prescription-writing behavior using their protocol without adverse effects on patient or physician satisfaction. However, we have a concern with respect to the categorization of NSAIDs used in the study. We called 4 pharmacies near our institution and inquired about the cost of a 14-day course of generic ibuprofen (categorized as inexpensive) compared with 14 days of generic naproxen (categorized as expensive). The least expensive course for each was $8.69 for 14 days of ibuprofen (800 mg given 3 times a day) and $9.69 for 14 days of naproxen (500 mg given twice a day). Although there was a surprising amount of price variability among pharmacies, the