tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity to bordetella pertussis in asthmatic patients
Authors: Atsushi Nakamura, Yasuhito Iwashima, Osamu Takakuwa, Shigeki Sato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background/Aim:  Asthmatic patients may complicate with pertussis more frequently than non-asthmatics. It is mentioned decreased immunoreaction to tetanus toxoid or increased sensitivity of  Streptococcus pneumoniae  is shown in asthmatics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the humoral immunosuppression to  Bordetella pertussis  in asthmatics.   Objectives/Methods:  51 patients suspected as pertussis serologically were classified two groups of asthmatics (17 patients) or non-asthmatics (34 patients). Between two groups, titers of anti-pertussis antibody in both initial and recovery points were compared.   Results:  In asthmatics, anti-Yamaguchi strain antibody titers in initial and recovery points and ratio of anti-Tohama strain antibody titers in two points were predominantly lower than in non-athmatics.   Conclusion:  We speculate the humoral immunoreaction to  B. pertussis  could be suppressed in asthmatic patients.
THE MALARIA AWAKENING OF THE SOUTH
Authors: L. D. Fricks
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The impact of epoetin-alpha on anemia, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, and survival in breast cancer patients (pts) treated with dose-dense sequential chemotherapy: Mature results of an AGO phase III study (ETC trial)
Authors: V. Moebus, H. Lueck, C. Thomssen, N. Harbeck, U. Nitz, R. Kreienberg, C. Jackisch, A. Schneeweiss, J. Huober, A. du Bois, M. Untch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

569 Background: Dose-dense chemotherapy has been shown to have a significant advantage in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in high risk breast cancer pts, but leads to a higher number of RBC transfusions (CALGB C9741, AGO-ETC). Controversial results have been reported regarding the influence of Epoetin-alpha on DFS and OS in cancer pts. Methods: From 12/98 until 4/03, 1,284 pts were recruited into a multi-center phase-III trial. Breast cancer pts with at least 4 involved lymph nodes and below 65 years of age were randomized between a standard regimen (4 × EC followed by 4 × Paclitaxel) and a dose-dense arm consisting of three courses each of epirubicin (150 mg/m 2 ), paclitaxel (225 mg/m 2 ) and cyclophosphamide (2,500 mg/m 2 ) at 2 weeks interval (ETC). A second randomization ± Epoetin-alpha was performed in the ETC arm only (150 IU/kg/sc three times weekly). Results: In 10/06, 1255 (98%) pts were evaluable. 658 pts were randomized in the dose-dense ETC arm, of whom 333 received Epoetin-alpha. Median follow- up is 62 months. Anemia was seen significantly more often in the ETC-arm alone compared to treatment with Epoetin-alpha (p&lt;0.0001). Altogether, 11% of all patients were treated with RBC transfusions. Standard EC-&gt;T treatment resulted in 1% RBC transfusions, but 28% in the ETC arm alone vs. 13% in the ETC + Epoetin-alpha-arm (p&lt;0.0001) received RBC transfusions. Despite this significantly higher transfusion rate the median Hb-value dropped from 12,8g/dl at cycle 1 to 10,7g/dl at cycle 9 in the ETC arm alone. In contrast the same value remained stable with Epoetin-alpha (12,4g/dl at cycle 1 and 9 each). At a median follow-up of 62 months, there is no difference between the ETC-arm alone and the ETC + Epoetin-alpha-arm concerning 5-year DFS and OS ((71% vs. 72% (p=0.86) and 83% vs. 81% (p=0.89)). Conclusions: The dose-dense adjuvant ETC-regimen significantly improves DFS and OS but is combined with relevant hematological toxicity. Epoetin-alpha significantly reduces the number of RBC transfusions and prevents anemia. However, the prevention of anemia has no influence on DFS and OS in the adjuvant treatment with dose-dense ETC. [Table: see text]
When the Health Care Worker Is Sick
Authors: Jeffrey R. Starke, Mary Anne Jackson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Influenza A virus enhances allergic histamine release
Authors: P. Clementsen, C. Hannoun, S. Norn
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Histamine release was examined in leukocyte suspensions from patients allergic to house dust mite, grass pollen, birch pollen or cat dander. Influenza A virus was found to enhance the antigen‐induced mediator release, but did not cause release of histamine from the cells per se . Also histamine release induced by anti‐IgE in cell suspensions from normal individuals was enhanced by virus. The potentiating effect of influenza A virus might be due to neuraminidase on the surface of virus, since a similar effect was caused by a purified neuraminidase obtained from Vibrio cholerae , and the effect of virus as well as the neuraminidase was completely abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. The synergistic enhancement in IgE‐mediated histamine release by virus could be of significance for the conversion from latent to manifest asthma.
FDG PET for the routine follow-up in NHL: First prospective evaluation
Authors: G. Jerusalem, R. Silvestre, Y. Beguin, R. Hustinx, M. Fassotte, G. Fillet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7569 Background: We have shown that FDG PET is able to detect preclinical relapses in patients with Hodgkin’s disease but the high rate of false-positivity (55%) was a problem (Jerusalem et al, Ann Oncol, 2003; 14 : 123–130). The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of PET during follow-up after treatment in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Patients were eligible if they had a positive baseline FDG PET and a negative end of treatment work-up including a negative PET study. They underwent FDG PET every 4–6 months until 3 years after diagnosis. Forty-five aggressive NHL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma : 34, other : 11) and eighteen low grade NHL (follicular lymphoma : 16, other : 2) were recruited prospectively between 5/94 and 12/01. Results: A total of 197 FDG PET studies were realized. Six patients relapsed (aggressive NHL : 4, low grade NHL : 2) and 3 patients died (aggressive NHL : 2, pancreatic cancer : 1) during the time interval of the study protocol. Four asymptomatic relapses (aggressive NHL : 2, low grade NHL : 2) and one symptomatic relapse (aggressive NHL) was detected by FDG PET. Disease recurrence became symptomatic or clinically detectable a week, 3 months (both aggressive NHL), 12 and 17 months (both low grade NHL) after the first positive PET study. The latter had 4 positive FDG PET studies before biopsy-proven relapse. The time interval between the only false-negative PET and clinical relapse was 5 months in a patient with aggressive NHL. We observed for the whole study population a sensitivity of 89% (8/9), a specificity of 93% (174/188), a positive predictive value of 36% (8/22), a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99% (174/175) and an accuracy of 92% (182/197). In low grade NHL PET had a sensitivity of 100% (5/5), a specificity of 93% (50/54), a PPV of 56% (5/9), a NPV of 100% (50/50) and an accuracy of 93% (55/59). In aggressive NHL, PET had a sensitivity of 75% (3/4), a specificity of 93% (124/134), a PPV 23% (3/13), a NPV of 99% (124/125) and an accuracy of 92% (127/138). Conclusions: In aggressive NHL, routine follow-up by FDG PET is not very useful and we stopped it now in unselected aggressive NHL. In contrast, FDG PET can detect a relapse several months before the development of clinical symptoms in low grade NHL suggesting further evaluation of the role of PET in the routine follow-up of these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Smoking among medical and non-medical students in Tbilisi, Georgia: Does education matter?
Authors: Ivane Chkhaidze, Nino Maglakelidze, Tamaz Maglakelidze
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Smoking rate in Georgia remains high and even tend to increase, especially among youth. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and factors influencing smoking among medical and non-medical students of Tbilisi, Georgia.  The study was carried out in Tbilisi State Medical University and Tbilisi State University. 400 students were asked to fill out questionnaires. Sex ratio was 1:1. In total 48.9% of students were indentified to be smokers and 51.1% nonsmokers. The mean age was 20.24 years among smokers and 20.26 among nonsmokers. Medical education did not play role in smoking habit, since 50%.3 among medical students were smokers and 47.5% among non-medical students. 68% smokers were males. 45.8% were light smokers, 40.2% moderate and 14.0% heavy smokers. Males and females have expressed equal willingness to quit smoking. Just 37.3% of smokers have tried to quit smoking. The most common reasons of starting to smoke again were habit of smoking and alcohol. 58.8% of smokers would like to quit smoking stating health and financial reasons as the main factors on their desire. The willingness to quit smoking was expressed by 61.2% of medical and 56% of non-medical students. About 65% percent of students was exposed to smoking in the families, despite this fact did not turn out to have influence on their own smoking habit.  In conclusion, results of the study have identified the need of enhancement of smoking related education on university level. Special attention should be given to the inclusion of anti-smoking information in study curricula. These measures can only be successful if tobacco control policies will be fully enforced on national level as well.
Advancing empirical resilience research
Authors: Raffael Kalisch, Marianne B. Müller, Oliver Tüscher
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract We are delighted by the broad, intense, and fruitful discussion in reaction to our target article. A major point we take from the many comments is a prevailing feeling in the research community that we need significantly and urgently to advance resilience research, both by sharpening concepts and theories and by conducting empirical studies at a much larger scale and with a much more extended and sophisticated methodological arsenal than is the case currently. This advancement can be achieved only in a concerted international collaborative effort. In our response, we try to argue that an explicitly atheoretical, purely observational definition of resilience and a transdiagnostic, quantitative study framework can provide a suitable basis for empirically testing different competing resilience theories (sects. R1, R2, R6, R7). We are confident that it should be possible to unite resilience researchers from different schools, including from sociology and social psychology, behind such a pragmatic and theoretically neutral research strategy. In sections R3 to R5, we further specify and explain the positive appraisal style theory of resilience (PASTOR). We defend PASTOR as a comparatively parsimonious and translational theory that makes sufficiently concrete predictions to be evaluated empirically.
Exogenous Surfactant and Partial Liquid Ventilation
Authors: JEANNE D. MROZEK, KENDRA M. SMITH, DENNIS R. BING, PAT A. MEYERS, SUSAN C. SIMONTON, JOHN E. CONNETT, MARK C. MAMMEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We compared the effects of surfactant and partial liquid ventilation (PLV), and the impact of administration order, on oxygenation, respiratory system compliance (Crs), hemodynamics, and lung pathology in an animal lung injury model. We studied four groups: surfactant alone (S; n = 8); partial liquid ventilation alone (PLV-only; n = 8); surfactant followed by partial liquid ventilation (S-PLV; n = 8); and partial liquid ventilation followed by surfactant (PLV-S; n = 8). Following treatments, all animals had improved oxygenation index (OI) and Crs. Animals in PLV groups showed continued improvement over 2 h (% change OI: PLV-S − 83% versus S − 47%, p < 0.05; % change Crs: S-PLV 73% versus S 13%, p < 0.05). We also saw administration-order effects: surfactant before PLV improved Crs (0.92 ml/cm H2O after surfactant versus 1.13 ml/cm H2O after PLV, p < 0.02) without changing OI, whereas surfactant after PLV did not change Crs and OI increased (5.01 after PLV versus 8.92 after surfactant, p < 0.03). Hemodynamics were not different between groups. Pathologic analysis demonstrated decreased lung injury in dependent lobes of all PLV-treated animals, and in all lobes of S-PLV animals, when compared with the lobes of the S animals (p < 0.05). We conclude that surfactant therapy in combination with PLV improved oxygenation, respiratory system mechanics, and lung pathology to a greater degree than surfactant therapy alone. Administration order affected initial physiologic response and ultimate pathology: surfactant given before PLV produced the greatest improvements in pathologic outcomes.
Cardiac defects and renal failure in mice with targeted mutations in Pkd2
Authors: Guanqing Wu, Glen S. Markowitz, Li Li, Vivette D. D'Agati, Stephen M. Factor, Lin Geng, Sonia Tibara, Jay Tuchman, Yiqiang Cai, Jong Hoon Park, Janet van Adelsberg, Harry Hou, Raju Kucherlapati, Winfried Edelmann, Stefan Somlo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
QuantiFERON-TB GOLD vs. TST methods of detection tuberculosis infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients with previously TNF α inhibitors treatment
Authors: Zeno-Ioan Fratila, Ionela Iovan, Dorin Vancea
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  TNFα inhibitors play an important role as therapeutic agents for certain chronic inflammatory diseases, but this treatment influences the subject9s immune status and can lead to opportunistic infections, including the TB.   Objective:  Assessment of the sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB GOLD (QFT) method versus the tuberculin skin test (TST) in detecting TB infection on a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis previously treated with Infliximab.   Methodology:  Selection of a group of 52 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated before with TNFα inhibitors, diagnosed with pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis. On these 52 subjects TST and QFT were performed, observing the outcome, particularly in the TB confirmed cases (18-bk cultures, 5 histopathologically confirmed cases).   Results:  From the processed data we observed that in the group of 23 patients with confirmed tuberculosis infection, 14 have had TST positive results (60.87%) and 15 QFT positive results (65.22%) and from those 29 unconfirmed, 16 have had positive results on TST (55.17%) and 14 were QFT positive (48.27%).   Conclusions:  QFT is an important method of TB infection diagnosis, but in patients undergoing chronic treatment with TNFα inhibitors it doesn9t show a greater sensitivity than TST.
Identification of new immigrants to the UK for latent tuberculosis screening: A comparison of employment and primary care registries
Authors: Rakesh Panchal, Haldar Pranabashis, Woltmann Gerrit
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Comprehensive screening for latent M.tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immigrants relies on effective strategies for identifying at-risk groups. The utility of national registries has been suggested but not formally evaluated for this purpose.  Objectives  To compare and characterise profiles of immigrant registration on the UK National Insurance Number (NINo) and Flag-4 GP registries.  Methods  Retrospective analysis was conducted of both registries for Leicester between 2002-2009. Comparison between registries was performed on immigrants stratified by age at UK entry (  Results  The total number of immigrants registering was similar for NINo (47,000) and Flag-4 (46,653). Differences existed between the registries stratified by age. Flag-4 identified immigrants across all age ranges including children. In contrast, NINo was comprised of a greater proportion of younger adults. The total number of younger adults identified with NINo was greater with a trend to significance (p=0.08). This suggests a proportion of immigrants to the UK for employment do not immediately register with a GP.  Conclusion  The UK NINo and Flag-4 registries provide complementary immigrant data in children and young adults that is relevant for TB services planning new immigrant screening.
Abstract 1665: Variation of Plaque Composition and Tissue Redistribution After Balloon Angioplasty in Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: Study Using "Virtual Histology" by Spectral Analysis of Intravascular Ultrasound Radiofrequency Data
Authors: Hu Wei, Vincent Descotes Genon, Pierre Legalery, Marie-France Seronde, Nicolas Meneveau, Jean-Pierre Bassand, Francois Schiele
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Can cytotoxic dose-intensity be increased by using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor? A randomized controlled trial of lenograstim in small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: P J Woll, J Hodgetts, L Lomax, F Bildet, V Cour-Chabernaud, N Thatcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to increase cytotoxic dose-intensity was assessed in a randomized trial in better-prognosis small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Both control and G-CSF arms were subject to the same dose-intensification strategy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed SCLC and either no or one adverse prognostic factor were randomized to receive vincristine, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (VICE) alone or with recombinant human (rHu)G-CSF (lenograstim) 5 micrograms/kg/d between cycles. Six chemotherapy cycles were given, with prophylactic cranial irradiation after cycle 1 and thoracic irradiation after cycle 3. There was no fixed dose interval. In both arms, patients were eligible for re-treatment when the WBC count was &gt; or = 3 x 10(9)/L and platelet count was &gt; or = 100 x 10(9)/L. No dose reductions were permitted. Dose-intensity was expressed relative to standard every-4-weeks VICE. RESULTS Sixty-five consecutive patients in one institution were randomized to control (n = 31) or G-CSF (n = 34). WBC and neutrophil counts were consistently higher in G-CSF patients than in the control group, but there were no significant differences in the incidence of febrile neutropenia, antibiotic or transfusion requirements, or days in hospital. In both treatment arms, the median dose-intensity was greater than one for each cycle (control group, P = .0009; G-CSF group, P = .0001). The G-CSF group received a significantly higher dose-intensity than the control group, with the greatest difference in the first three cycles (1.34 v 1.17, P = .001). There were more chemotherapy-related deaths in the G-CSF group than in the control group (six v one), but this group had a better 2-year survival rate (32% with G-CSF, 95% confidence interval [CI], 16 to 48; 15% with controls, 95% CI, 2 to 27). CONCLUSION The dose-intensity of VICE chemotherapy was increased in both groups. Patients randomized to receive G-CSF achieved a significantly higher dose-intensity than controls. Despite early toxicity, they had a better 2-year survival rate.
The Vietnam War and the ethics of combat psychiatry
Authors: N M Camp
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

It has been two decades since American troops were withdrawn from Vietnam, yet there has been little interest in resolving challenges that arose during the war regarding the ethical justification for military psychiatry's principles and field techniques for treating combat-generated casualties. Recently, thousands of American service persons were sent to fight in the Middle East accompanied by psychiatrists trained to use the same military treatment doctrine. In the wars before Vietnam, this doctrine had proved to be highly effective for treating individuals with combat stress casualties and returning them to duty. Furthermore, it was uncontroversial and later successfully adapted for use with civilian populations. During the Vietnam war, however, many psychiatrists intensely opposed a treatment regimen designed to induce symptomatic soldiers to believe that facing further combat risks would be in their best interest or that of the nation. As this review of the doctrine's rationale and ethical quandaries suggests, combat psychiatrists are influenced by powerful, potentially competing values systems but cannot realistically assess some of the most important factors that affect the balance of harm and benefit associated with their treatment decisions. This latest armed conflict reminds us of critical moral and ethical questions regarding the divided loyalties of combat psychiatrists--questions that should be addressed through future research and formalized professional guidelines.
Abstract 14624: In-Hospital Case-Fatality Rates and Associated Factors Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Beijing During 2007-2009
Authors: Jing Liu, Wei Wang, Xueqin Xie, Zaihua Wei, Jiayi Sun, Miao Wang, Xiuying Zhang, Dong Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In-hospital case-fatality rates in patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are widely used as a quality indicator. Although substantial advances have been made in AMI tr...