tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Approved Orphan Drug to Treat Precocious Puberty
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Established corticosteroid creams should be applied only once daily in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: Hywel C Williams
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The clinical problem Atopic eczema affects many adults and up to 20% of children, 1 with health costs comparable to diabetes 2 and asthma. 3 One community survey of 1760 young children in the United Kingdom found that 84% had mild eczema, 14% moderate, and 2% severe eczema. 4 Topical corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment for inflammatory episodes. 5 Most long established topical corticosteroids such as betamethasone valerate or hydrocortisone are applied at least twice daily, but three newer preparations (mometasone, fluticasone, and methylprednisolone) have been developed for once daily application.Here, I propose that established preparations need be applied only once daily.
Response of Pregnant Human Uterus to Oxytocin Given Intranasally
Authors: Eduardo Talledo, Suzanne F. Adams, Frederick P. Zuspan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The response of the pregnant uterus at term to the intranasal administration of oxytocin (Syntocinon) was studied in 15 patients by continuous recording of the amniotic pressure. None of the subjects were in labor and all had intact membranes. According to the uterine response, the patients were grouped in three categories: (1) no response detectable, (2) marked response, and (3) heterogenous gradations of uterine activity. The absorption from the nasal mucosa could be reproduced for the most part by an intravenous infusion of 2 mU per minute of oxytocin; however, instances in which the absorption was comparable to infusions of 10 and 20 mU per minute were found. The unpredictability of absorption and uterine response makes the intranasal route of administration relatively unsafe and it is not routinely recommended in the management of the pregnant patient.
P2-209: A phase II study of induction CDDP+VNR+MMC followed by concomitant-boost thoracic radiotherapy with concurrent daily CDDP for unresectable locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC)
Authors: Kazuhiko Shibata, Kazuo Kasahara, Toshiyuki Kita, Hiroki Shirasaki, Tsuyoshi Takanaka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Melphalan Therapy in Myelomatosis
Authors: J. Waldenstrom
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Therapy of myelomatosis has always been rather disappointing.Even though urethane, first introduced by Alwall (1947, 1952), may give some really spectacular results, these are much too unpredictable, and the general consensus seems to be that the number of patients who tolerate the drug well enough is too small to allow successful therapy on a large scale.Alwall's first patient lived for 40 months in good health before the final relapse occurred.She had a high plasma-cell count in the bone-marrow which disappeared completely on therapy, but her skeletal foci did not heal.She was on continuous urethane treatment during the whole period.Still more remarkable were the early results obtained by Saltzman and Borgstrbm (1950) with the same drug.Their paper contains radiographs of the skull showing almost complete healing of the foci.The patient lived for only 20 months and then died of his disease.Some excellent results have been reported from the U.S.A. (Rundles, Dillon, and Dillon, 1950; Luttgens and Bayrd, 1951).Reports from Russia (Blokhin, Larionov, Perevodchikova, Chebotareva, and Merkulova, 1958; Larionov, 1959) seem to indicate that a new antimetabolite called sarcolysine (racemic) may be highly effective in the treatment of myelomatosis.In recent years we have been interested in problems of protein metabolism connected with the proliferation of plasma cells and lymphocytoid reticulum cells (see Heremans, Laurell, Martens- son, Heremans, Laurell, Sjoquist, and Waldenstrbm, 1961 Waldenstrbm, 1962a).A number of patients having different
Mild Cognitive Impairment, Carotid Disease, and Revascularization
Authors: Allyson Zazulia
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US issues new guidelines as mammography debate continues
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

US health officials have released new clinical guidelines backing routine mammography for women aged 40 and over in the wake of growing controversy over the value of such testing in reducing deaths from breast cancer.

Although it is widely accepted that screening mammography leads to earlier detection of breast cancer, questions have been raised over whether such early detection actually translates into greater survival, and these have led to a heated media debate in the United States (16 February, p 432).

A media debate began in January, when the Physicians Data Query screening and prevention editorial board, an independent panel of US …
Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in rat kidney microsomes. Kinetic behavior at low substrate concentrations.
Authors: A Goswami, I N Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The thiol-activated enzymatic outer-ring monodeiodination of iodothyronines by rat kidney microsomes at low (nanomolar) substrate concentrations shows an apparently sequential reaction mechanism and is further characterized by insensitivity to inhibition by dicoumarol, a moderate sensitivity to inhibition by propylthiouracil (Ki = 100 microM) and iopanoic acid (Ki = 0.9 mM), responsiveness to 5 mM glutathione (GSH), and a thermal activation profile that is concave downward with a Td of approximately 20 degrees C. In contrast, the activity at high (micromolar) substrate concentrations shows a ping-pong reaction mechanism, is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of propylthiouracil, iopanoic acid and dicoumarol, is unresponsive to 5 mM GSH, and shows a concave upward thermal activation profile. Analysis of the microsomal deiodinase reaction over a wide range of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations (0.1 nM to 10 microM) suggested the presence of two enzymatic activities, with apparent Michaelis constants (Km) of 0.5 microM and 2.5 nM. Lineweaver-Burk plots of reaction velocities at nanomolar substrate concentrations in presence of 100 microM propylthiouracil also revealed an operationally distinct enzymatic activity with Km's of 2.5 and 0.63 nM and maximum velocities (Vmax's) of 16 and 0.58 pmol/mg protein per h for rT3 and thyroxine (T4), respectively. These findings are consistent with the presence of a low Km iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in rat kidney microsomes distinct from the well characterized high Km enzyme and suggest that at circulating levels of free T4 the postulated low Km enzyme could be physiologically important.
Abstract 742: Usefulness of Cardiac I-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Imaging for Prediction of Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Takeshi Okada, Takahisa Yamada, Yuji Okuyama, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Koji Tanaka, Yusuke Iwasaki, Taku Yasui, Hiromichi Ueda, Masato Kawasaki, Yuki Kuramoto, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Fatal Nosocomial Legionnaires' Disease: Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics
Authors: MITCHELL L. COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The occurrence, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics of fatal nosocomial Legionnaires' disease were ascertained by examining a sample of autopsy specimens submitted by hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study. Sections of lung tissue from 263 patients were submitted by 40 hospitals in 24 states. Legionnaires' disease was identified in 10 patients (3.8%) from six hospitals in five states. The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of sporadic fatal nosocomial Legionnaires' disease were similar to those from cases that occurred during epidemics of Legionnaires' disease. A case-control study showed that cases of Legionnaires' disease were associated with an increased occurrence of Legionnaires' disease during the period June through November, temperatures greater than 39.2°C, and administration of corticosteroids before onset of pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease can occur as a fatal nosocomial pneumonia and has clinical and epidemiologic features that may be helpful in differentiating it from nosocomial pneumonia of other causes.
T cells require DOCK8 for flexibility and function
Authors: Stuart G. Tangye
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

The Journal of Experimental Medicine Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is commonly thought of as a disease resulting from the cyclic infection and destruction of red blood cells.However, a subset of infected individuals will develop "cerebral malaria"-a pathogenic neuroinflammation, presumably caused by parasitized red blood cells sequestering in the brain.Those affected, usually children under the age of five, can die or suffer permanent cognitive impairment long after successful treatment of infection.The exact causes of cerebral malaria are poorly understood, but mouse models of experimental cerebral malaria have identified CD8 + T cells as key players in the development of this debilitating condition.In this issue, Kennedy et al. used an unbiased genome-wide screen of ENU-mutagenized mice to identify a novel gene, Ccdc88b, that influences T cell activation and function and that is associated with resistance to cerebral malaria following infection with the mouse malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei.They found Ccdc88b to be expressed in T cells and myeloid cells.T cells from Ccdc88b / knockout mice were impaired in their ability to become activated and to secrete effector cytokines in response to stimulation via their T cell receptor.Importantly, unlike T cells from wild-type mice, adoptive transfer of T cells from knockout mice did not confer cerebral malaria to recipient mice.With over 300 million malaria infections each year, cerebral malaria causes substantial mortality.Understanding the molecular and cellular etiology of cerebral malaria will lead to better identification and treatment of those most at risk.Furthermore, CD8 + T cells have a duplicitous role in malaria infection-both helping to clear the parasite from the liver and blood and in orchestrating the damaging neuroinflammation seen in cerebral malaria.Understanding the events leading to a pathogenic T cell response could also help inform the design of malaria vaccines that eliminate, but do not exacerbate, disease.The authors' work also extends beyond models of malaria, as a region in the human genome that contains Ccdc88b has been implicated in autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease.This further supports the idea that Ccdc88b is a novel and important regulator of immune function.It will be fascinating to confirm the role of Ccdc88b in other immune disease models and to determine whether this pathway could be manipulated to quell overzealous T cells in malaria pathogenesis and beyond.
Platelet‐associated immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA and complement C3 in immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenic disorders
Authors: Simon Panzer, Sabine Szamait, Rolf‐Hasso Bödeker, Oskar A. Haas, Alexander Haubenstock, Christian Mueller‐Eckhardt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A two‐stage radioactive antiglobulin test‐using unlabelled antisera specific for IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 followed by binding of 125 I‐staphyloccocal protein A–was applied to determine platelet‐associated immunoglobulins (PAIg) and complement (PAC3) in thrombocytopenias of various etiologies. One hundred and one patients with immune thrombocytopenia (chronic autoimmune, 48; acute autoimmune, 37; Evans syndrome, nine; connective tissue diseases, seven) and 20 patients with presumed nonimmune thrombocytopenia (bone marrow aplasia or malignancy, six; septicemia, five; hypersplenism, five; cirrhosis of liver, three; others, one) were studied. Increased levels of PAIg/C3 were found in 76% of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. PAIgG was raised in 66%, PAIgM in 57%, PAIgA in 44%, and PAC3 in 29%. Isolated elevation of PAIgG and of PAIgM was found in four and three cases, respectively; PAIgA and PAC3 were elevated in one case each. PAIgG was associated with PAIgM in 56%, with PAIgA in 34%, and with PAC3 in 27%. Both patients with Evans' syndrome and patients with connective tissue diseases had significantly higher PAIgM levels than the other patients with immune thrombocytopenia. In patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, increased rates of PAIg/C3 were also encountered. Positive test results were found in 88% (PAIgG 88%, PAIgM 47%, PAIgA 35%, and PAC3 24%). In immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, we observed a significant inverse correlation between platelet counts and PAIgG, PAIgA, and PAC3, but not with PAIgM. In contrast, no such correlation was found in patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Our data indicate that the evaluation of neither parameter alone nor the combination of PAIg/C3 will discriminate between immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Preferential coating with certain immunoglobulins, however, may be present in some subgroups of immune thrombocytopenias.
The green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates experimental immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ai Peng, Ting Ye, Dinesh Rakheja, Yangke Tu, Tao Wang, Yong Du, Jason K. Zhou, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Zhao Hu, Chandra Mohan, Xin J. Zhou
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Thioredoxin-1 Ameliorates Myosin-Induced Autoimmune Myocarditis by Suppressing Chemokine Expressions and Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Mice
Authors: Wenrui Liu, Hajime Nakamura, Keisuke Shioji, Masaki Tanito, Shin-ichi Oka, M. Kaimul Ahsan, Aoi Son, Yasuyuki Ishii, Chiharu Kishimoto, Junji Yodoi
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis is an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model used to investigate autoimmunological mechanisms in inflammatory heart diseases and resembles fulminant myocarditis in humans. We investigated the therapeutic role of thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1), a redox-regulatory protein with antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects, in murine EAM.EAM was generated in 5-week-old male BALB/c mice by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin at days 0 and 7. Recombinant human TRX-1 (rhTRX-1), C32S/C35S mutant rhTRX-1, or saline was administered intraperitoneally every second day from day 0 to 20. In addition, rabbit anti-mouse TRX-1 serum or normal rabbit serum was administered intraperitoneally on days -1, 2, and 6. Animals were euthanized on day 21. Histological analysis of the heart showed that TRX-1 significantly reduced the severity of EAM, whereas mutant TRX-1 failed to have such an effect, and anti-TRX-1 antibody enhanced the disease markedly. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TRX-1 significantly suppressed cardiac macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-2, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine expression and macrophage infiltration into the heart in EAM. Although serum levels of MIP-1alpha were not suppressed by TRX-1 until day 21, both an in vitro chemotaxis chamber assay and an in vivo air pouch model showed that TRX-1 significantly suppressed MIP-1alpha- or MIP-2-induced leukocyte chemotaxis. However, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that TRX-1 failed to decrease chemokine receptor expression increased in the bone marrow cells of EAM mice.TRX-1 attenuates EAM by suppressing chemokine expressions and leukocyte chemotaxis in mice.
P24 Diagnosing tuberculosis using EBUS–Cytology is not enough: Abstract P24 Table 1.
Authors: RAM Breen, E McLean, MCI Lipman, G Santis
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) provides a technique for safely sampling mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. In the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) published data has shown excellent performance in identifying suggestive cytology but with disappointing culture-confirmation rates of &lt;50%. We sought to investigate the proportion of TB cases referred to our tertiary referral service in whom culture and sensitivities were obtained. <h3>Methods</h3> EBUS-TBNA was performed by 2 experienced consultants with on-site cytology review. Data was abstracted from our prospective database of all EBUS-TBNA cases between 01/2008 and 01/2013, our hospital electronic record and by contacting referring clinicians. A final diagnosis of active TB was made if treatment for active TB was commenced subsequent to EBUS-TBNA. Treated TB was defined as anyone who had received at least 2 months of anti-TB treatment prior to EBUS-TBNA. <h3>Results</h3> A final diagnosis of active or treated TB was made in 142 of 2121 EBUS-TBNA cases (6.7%). Sampled nodes were: right para-tracheal 32%, left para-tracheal 9%, right hilar 16%, left hilar 8%, sub-carinal 35%. A median of 7 passes (range: 4–14) were performed per case. Granulomas with and without necrosis were identified in 91.5%, necrosis alone in 4.9% and lymphocytes alone in 3.5%. Of 118 (73%) diagnosed with active TB, culture-confirmation was obtained in 89 (75%) with a median time to positive liquid culture of 27 days (range: 4–42). Cytology from cases of treated TB and active TB with and without culture-confirmation are compared in the Table. <h3>Discussion</h3> These data suggest that EBUS-TBNA can obtain higher proportions of culture-confirmed TB than has been previously reported. The similar cytology profile seen in active TB cases regardless of smear status, culture result or treatment history highlights the need for both adequate samples to be sent for culture and for improved TB diagnostics.
Successful Therapeutic Hypothermia in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Martin S. Maron, Bradley A. Maron, Tammy S. Haas, Robert K. Altman, Stephen J. Smalley, Joseph J. Doerer, Mark S. Link, Michael R. Mooney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CLINICAL PREDICTORS FOR ATHEROMA PROGRESSION DESPITE OPTIMAL GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN EARLY-STAGE DIABETIC PATIENTS: SUB-ANALYSIS FROM DIANA STUDY
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Satoshi Yasuda, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Kazuhiro Sase, Masami Kosuge, Kazuo Kimura, Yasunao Yoshimasa, Shunichi Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Overcoming addiction through abstract patterns
Authors: Jesus Mosterin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract You cannot overcome addiction or impulsiveness through abstract patterns alone. They show you the way to go, but do not fuel the effort. Some further variable is needed in the equation, some internal force or motivational mechanism, whatever its nature. Overlooking this leads to a neo-Socratic exaggeration of the role of cognition in selfcontrol.
Management of Coarctation in Infancy
Authors: John A. Waldhausen, Harold King, David L. Nahrwold, Paul R. Lurie, Harris B. Shumacker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The proper management of coarctation in infancy is still poorly defined. Frequently, the high mortality rate in this age group has been attributed solely to the complex intracardiac lesions associated with coarctation and a rather defeatist attitude has been adopted with regard to treatment. Seventy-three patients under 2 years of age with coarctation of the aorta were reviewed. Congestive heart failure was present in 88%. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) Coarctation with or without patent ductus. There were 34 patients. Twenty-one were treated medically and there was a mortality rate of 71%. Thirteen were treated surgically and there was a mortality rate of 15%. (2) Coarctation with or without a patent ductus and an associated potentially correctable intracardiac defect. Fourteen were treated nonsurgically and all died. The remainder were treated by operation and 45% survived. (3) Coarctation and associated complex intracardiac malformations. All died. This review indicates that the high mortality rate of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in infancy is significantly decreased by early operation.
Mortality from Pulmonary Fibrosis Increased in the United States from 1992 to 2003
Authors: Amy L. Olson, Jeffrey J. Swigris, Dennis C. Lezotte, Jill M. Norris, Carla G. Wilson, Kevin K. Brown
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, studies found that mortality rates for pulmonary fibrosis were increasing. Recent data for mortality from pulmonary fibrosis are unavailable.We sought to determine mortality rates for pulmonary fibrosis in the United States from 1992 through 2003.Using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we calculated age-adjusted mortality rates from the deaths of persons with pulmonary fibrosis and stratified the data to determine differences in mortality rates by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography of the decedent. We developed a multivariable model to predict future mortality rates, and we determined the underlying cause of death in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.From 1992 to 2003, there were 28,176,224 deaths in the United States and 175,088 decedents with pulmonary fibrosis. The average age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate was 50.8 per 1,000,000 people. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 28.4% in men (from 40.2 deaths per 1,000,000 in 1992 to 61.9 deaths per 1,000,000 in 2003) and 41.3% in women (from 39.0 deaths per 1,000,000 in 1992 to 55.1 deaths per 1,000,000 in 2003). While increases were significant in both men and women (p < 0.0001), the rate of increase was higher in women (p < 0.0001). The most common cause of death in patients with pulmonary fibrosis was the disease itself.From 1992 to 2003, mortality rates for pulmonary fibrosis significantly increased. Further investigation is needed to determine the etiology of these trends, which are predicted to continue to increase.