tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17519: Exercise Capacity Increase, Obesity, and Statin Therapy Are the Key Factor for Decrease C-Reactive Protein through Exercise Training after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Takahito Doi, Reon Kumasaka, Tetsuo Arakawa, Michio Nakanishi, Teruo Noguchi, Takahiro Ohara, Shigefumi Fukui, Kazuhiro Nakao, Masanobu Yanase, Hiroshi Takaki, Masaharu Ishihara, Satoshi Yasuda, Yoichi Goto
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Backgrounds: Cardiac rehabilitation with exercise training (CR/ET) has been reported to be associated with reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with coronary artery disease. However, determinants of reduction in CRP through CR/ET after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not fully understood. Methods: We studied 490 consecutive AMI patients (age 63±11 years, male 83%) who participated in our CR/ET program and underwent measurements for serum CRP and peak oxygen uptake (PVO2) by symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test at the beginning and the end of the 3-month CR program. Patients with abnormally high CRP (&gt;= 20mg/L at baseline, &gt;=10mg/L at 3 months) or on hemodialysis were excluded. Results: After the 3-month CR/ET, body mass index (BMI, 23.3 to 23.1, P&lt;0.001) and CRP (4.7mg/L to 1.1mg/L, P&lt;0.001) significantly decreased, and normalized PVO2 increased (77.4% to 84.9% P&lt;0.001). The magnitude of changes in CRP (ΔCRP) were greater in patients with statin therapy than in patients without statin therapy (-2.9 +/- 0.4mg/L vs -3.9,+/- 0.3mg/L p&lt;0.05). There were significant positive correlation between ΔCRP and HDL-cholesterol (r=0.14), and inverse correlations between ΔCRP and BMI (r=-0.09) and changes in %PVO2 (%ΔPVO2, r=-0.16). Multiple linear regression analysis (incorporating age, sex, baseline ejection fraction, BMI, Brain natriuretic peptide, Hemoglobin A1c, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, statin use, and %ΔPVO2) demonstrated that higher BMI, greater increase in PVO2, higher HDL-cholesterol, and statin use were the independent determinants (all p&lt;0.05) of greater decrease in CRP. Diabetes and smoking status were not the independent determinants of CRP decrease. Conclusion: A greater increase in exercise capacity, in combination with obesity and statin use, significantly associated with a greater reduction in CRP in patients after AMI participating in CR/ET.
977. Selective Transduction of Malignant Glioma by Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped with LCMV Glycoproteins
Authors: Hrvoje Miletic, Yvonne Fischer, Harald Neumann, Volkmar Hans, Tsanan Giroglou, Martina Deckert, Dorothee von Laer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Malignant glioma are the most frequent primary brain tumors and have a dismal prognosis due to their infiltrative growth. Gene therapy using viral vectors represents an attractive alternative to conventional cancer therapies. In a previous study, we established lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoproteins (GP) and demonstrated transduction of human malignant glioma cells in culture. In the current approach, we compared the transduction efficacy of LCMV GP- and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors for malignant glioma cells and normal brain cells in vitro and in vivo. LCMV GP pseudotypes transduced predominantly astrocytes in vivo and in vitro, whereas VSV G pseudotypes infected neurons as well as astrocytes. LCMV pseudotypes showed an efficient transduction of solid glioma parts and very specific transduction of infiltrating tumor cells. In contrast, VSV G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors transduced only a few tumor cells in solid tumor parts and infected mostly normal brain cells in infiltrating tumor areas. In conclusion, lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with LCMV glycoproteins represent an attractive option for gene therapy of malignant glioma.
A Novel Inhibitory Effect of Naloxone on Macrophage Activation and Atherosclerosis Formation in Mice
Authors: Shu-Lin Liu, Yi-Heng Li, Guey-Yueh Shi, Yung-Huan Chen, Chia-Wei Huang, Jau-Shyong Hong, Hua-Lin Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Clinical significance of IDO (Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase), nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) and Akt2 expression in various pathological types of ovarian cancers
Authors: Miho Takao, Aikou Okamoto, Takashi Nikaido, Mitsuyoshi Urashima, Sanshiro Okamoto, Kazunori Ochiai, Tadao Tanaka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A59  Purpose: We previously reported that Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was positively associated with paclitaxel resistance and that IDO served as a marker of poor prognosis in serous ovarian cancers. In this study, we examined key molecules associated with IDO including NFkB and Akt2 by immunohistochemical analysis in 120 various pathological types of ovarian cancers. Methods: Expression of IDO, NFkB and Akt2 was examined by immunohistochemical analysis in 120 ovarian cancers including 37 serous adenocarcinomas (SA), 64 clear cell adenocarcinomas (CCA) and 19 endometrioid adenocarcinomas (EA). We established scoring system for IDO, NFkB, and Akt2 expression based on the staining pattern and intensity. The relationship between expression of the 3 molecules and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results: 1) The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed significant inverse relationship between staining score and overall survival of 33 advanced SA cases who undertook optimal surgery and Paclitaxel-Carboplatin as a first line chemotherapy. 2) There was significant association between Akt2 staining score and overall survival in 3 pathological types (SA,CCA, and EA) (P=0.0043). 3) No association was detected between NFkB staining score and overall survival of each pathological type of ovarian cancers. 4) There was no correlation among expression of IDO, Akt2 and NFkB proteins. Conclusion: IDO expression was positively associated with impaired survival only in serous type of ovarian cancer. Akt2 was also positively associated with overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, IDO may not exist on the common signal pathway which Akt2 and NFkB are asssociated.
Winter vomiting
Authors: J. M Cowden
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The current outbreaks of winter vomiting reported from Glasgow and elsewhere in Scotland have affected as many as 20 hospitals and resulted in the cancellation of many elective and emergency admissions. Winter vomiting is due to infection with subtypes of the genus Norwalk-like virus—a term that is now preferred to small round structured virus.1 Infections with Norwalk-like viruses are reported even less often in national surveillance in the United Kingdom than other gastrointestinal pathogens such as salmonella and campylobacter (see table), although they probably account for as much clinical disease in the population as any other pathogen. The undoubtedly enormous cost of control measures, cancelled operations, and other disruptions in hospitals has not been estimated in the United Kingdom.

View this table:

Laboratory reports to Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (for England and Wales) and Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health



Between 1993 and 2001, laboratory reports of identifications of the small round structured virus to the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health rose from 85 to 328. 2 3 Reports of general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease due to small round structured virus infections increased from 17 in 1996 (the year surveillance started) to 38 in 2001 (unpublished data). It is impossible to estimate what proportion of these increases is due to improved laboratory technology, improved reporting, …
Combined treatment with immunoadsorption and rituximab leads to fast and prolonged clinical remission in difficult-to-treat pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: M. Behzad, C. Möbs, A. Kneisel, M. Möller, J. Hoyer, M. Hertl, R. Eming
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune bullous disorder which is characterized by blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. A frequently applied first-line therapy for PV consists of systemic corticosteroids (CS) combined with immunosuppressive agents. In refractory cases, novel therapeutic strategies such as immunoadsorption (IA) and the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (Rtx) aim at directly interfering with pathogenic autoantibodies (auto-Abs).To investigate the long-term efficacy of IA in combination with Rtx in patients with difficult-to-treat PV, we assessed the clinical response to treatment by monitoring the Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score, IgG auto-Abs against desmoglein 1 and 3 (Dsg1 and Dsg3) and the dose of systemic CS.We retrospectively analysed clinical and serological parameters of 10 patients with difficult-to-treat PV who received IA at 4-week intervals, followed by Rtx either twice at 1000 mg or four times at 375mg m(-2) . During a 12-month follow-up period, CS were tapered according to the individual clinical status.Six months after the first IA treatment eight of 10 patients were in complete remission on therapy while one patient showed a partial response and one patient was unresponsive to the treatment. At 12 months, six of eight patients were in complete remission on therapy, one patient showed stable disease and one patient had relapsed. Overall, anti-Dsg3 IgG and anti-Dsg1 IgG auto-Abs correlated well with the clinical activity and systemic CS were tapered gradually.The present findings show that the combination of IA and Rtx induces rapid clinical remission and long-term control in difficult-to-treat pemphigus.
Quantification and Impact of Untreated Coronary Artery Disease After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Philippe Généreux, Tullio Palmerini, Adriano Caixeta, Gregg Rosner, Philip Green, Ovidiu Dressler, Ke Xu, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2601: EphB4/EphrinB2 targeting increases the efficacy of cisplatin in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Gloria W. Yang-Kolodji, Ren Liu, Arjun Mehta, Parkash Gill, Debu Tripathy
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a heterogeneous group of breast cancers that do not respond to either HER2 or hormonally targeted therapy and for which, chemotherapy is the only proven therapeutic option. However, certain biological pathways are known to be activated to a greater extent in TNBC. The EphB4 receptor and its ligand EphrinB2 are expressed aberrantly in several types of cancer to promote angiogenesis and cell survival. In breast cancer, including TNBC, EphB4 expression is associated with a worse prognosis. An EphB4/Ephrin B2 inhibitor, sEphB4-HAS or SB4 (soluble protein EphB4 peptide stabilized with human serum albumin), developed at our institution, has shown inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth in both cell and animal models. Our goal here is to test the feasibility of EphB4 targeting in triple negative breast cancer cells, study the synergistic effects of SB4 and cisplatin, a common chemotherapy drug used for triple negative breast cancers, and to determine optimal combination doses of SB4 and cisplatin for eventual clinical trials. Using two representative triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC 1937, we show that SB4 inhibits cell growth in a dose dependent manner (IC50: 216.5μg/ml and 207.1 μg/ml, respectively). When SB4 is used in combination with cisplatin, synergy is observed. HCC 1937 cells treated with 200 μg/ml of sEphB4-HSA or 50 nM cisplatin for 7days, viability is decreased by 57 % and 8 %, and by 71% when given in combination. Similar results are seen in MDA-MB-231 cells, at 55%, 11%, and 63 % viability reduction. Mouse MDA-MB-231 xenografts are inhibited by SB4 treatment, with 20% reduction compared to control. In addition, cell proliferation marker Ki67 assessed by immunohistochemical staining and pS6 (phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6) expression studied by immunoblotting demonstrate that SB4 in combination with cisplatin generates greater growth inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and pS6 expression than either alone. In conclusion, EphB4 signaling in TNBC provides a niche to apply targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy. The growth inhibitory effect of SB4 on TNBC cells and mouse xenografts supports the feasibility of EphB4 targeting. The effects of SB4 and cisplatin using xenograft models will be analyzed for synergy to provide a rationale to combine SB4 and chemotherapy in the clinic. Citation Format: Gloria W. Yang-Kolodji, Ren Liu, Arjun Mehta, Parkash Gill, Debu Tripathy. EphB4/EphrinB2 targeting increases the efficacy of cisplatin in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2601. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2601
Evaluating the negative predictive value of provocation tests with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: C. Defrance, P.‐J. Bousquet, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Defrance C, Bousquet P‐J, Demoly P. Evaluating the negative predictive value of provocation tests with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Allergy 2011; 66 : 1410–1414. Abstract Background: The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hypersensitivity work‐up is based on clinical history, skin tests, and drug provocation tests. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the latter is not established. Method: A cohort study was conducted in the Allergy Department in Montpellier to evaluate the NPV of the provocation test with NSAIDs in patients with clinical presentation suggestive of hypersensitivity, and negatively tested. Patients were contacted at least 6 months after the work‐up. Patients who took NSAID and reacted were proposed a new allergy work‐up, which included a provocation test with the culprit drug. Results: Among the 393 patients contacted, 279 (71.0%) were followed up. Two hundred and sixty (93.2%) patients had taken a NSAID at least once: 139 (53.5%) the same drug as the one tested and 215 (82.7%) an alternative (94, 33.7% taking both the tested NSAID and an alternative). Eight patients (3.1%) reported a reaction (five with the negatively tested NSAID and three with another NSAID). All the reactions occurred immediately after the first administration and were not severe. Among the five patients who reacted with the negatively tested NSAID, only three accepted a re‐challenge, negative in two cases and positive in one, representing a NPV of 97.8% (95% CI: 95.4–100%). Three patients (3/215) reported a reaction when an alternative NSAID was taken, representing a NPV of 98.6% (95% CI: 97–100%). Conclusion: The NPV of NSAIDs drug provocation test is high. This should reassure physicians who might hesitate to prescribe NSAIDs, especially in patients with negative allergic work‐ups.
Arsenic-Tainted Water
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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The tale of two hospitals: Urban and suburban patients with tuberculosis and their outcomes
Authors: Yeh Chunn Kuan, Soon Hin How, Tengku Saifudin Tengku Ismail, Jamalludin Abdul Rahman, Sarah Ileen Liew, Natasha Housseine
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aims and Objectives: Malaysia is a developing country where pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is prevalent. The authors aim to find out if it is true that patients with PTB from two different parts of Malaysia -- one in the urban and the other in the suburban -- are different in their characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study that was conducted in all adult pulmonary PTB patients who were treated in the respiratory clinics of Hospital Selayang (HS) located in the urbanized Klang Valley and Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) in the coastal town of Kuantan, from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2010. Data on demographic, co-morbidities, drug resistance and treatment outcomes were collected.

Results: A total of 817 patient cases were included in the study; 405 in HS and 412 in HTAA. HTAA had signifcantly more male, Malay and younger PTB patients as compared to HS (p<0.05). More patients in HTAA were smokers and IVDUs. There were also more PTB patients with HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C in HTAA (24% and 19.2%) as compared to HS (5.2% and 7.4% respectively) (p<0.001). In contrast, other chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were significantly higher in HS patients. Drug resistance (mono- and multi-drug resistance) were significantly higher in HTAA (p<0.01). 94.9% of patients in HTAA were cured as compared to 69.1% in HS (p<0.05).

Conclusions: PTB patients in the two hospitals HS and HTAA -- located in urban and suburban parts of Malaysia respectively -- were different in their demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and drug-resistance profiles. There were more favourable outcomes in HTAA.
Transthyretin Deposition in Articular Cartilage: A Novel Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yukio Akasaki, Natàlia Reixach, Tokio Matsuzaki, Oscar Alvarez‐Garcia, Merissa Olmer, Yukihide Iwamoto, Joel N. Buxbaum, Martin K. Lotz
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective Amyloid deposits are prevalent in osteoarthritic (OA) joints. We undertook this study to define the dominant precursor and to determine whether the deposits affect chondrocyte functions. Methods Amyloid deposition in human normal and OA knee cartilage was determined by Congo red staining. Transthyretin (TTR) in cartilage and synovial fluid was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effects of recombinant amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic TTR variants were tested in human chondrocyte cultures. Results Normal cartilage from young donors did not contain detectable amyloid deposits, but 7 of 12 aged normal cartilage samples (58%) and 12 of 12 OA cartilage samples (100%) had Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light. TTR, which is located predominantly at the cartilage surfaces, was detected in all OA cartilage samples and in a majority of aged normal cartilage samples, but not in normal cartilage samples from young donors. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes did not contain significant amounts of TTR messenger RNA. Synovial fluid TTR levels were similar in normal and OA knees. In cultured chondrocytes, only an amyloidogenic TTR variant induced cell death as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix–degrading enzymes. The effects of amyloidogenic TTR on gene expression were mediated in part by Toll‐like receptor 4, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and p38 MAPK. TTR‐induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by resveratrol, a plant polyphenol that stabilizes the native tetrameric structure of TTR. Conclusion These findings are the first to suggest that TTR amyloid deposition contributes to cell and extracellular matrix damage in articular cartilage in human OA and that therapies designed to reduce TTR amyloid formation might be useful.
Easy-to-Use Drug Reports Help Patients and Physicians Weigh Costs, Benefits
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2005)

tion,” said Gibler. “You need common protocols and common order sets so every patient is treated properly.” The scientific statement offers nothing dramatically new in the assessment and treatment of patients with UA/ NSTEMI. All patients should have a history and physical examination performed, a 12-lead electrocardiogram to assess the heart’s rhythm and electrical activity, and blood tests obtained to measure cardiac biomarkers such as troponin and creatine kinase-MB. Results from these initial tests allow the physician to assess whether the patient’s symptoms are the result of acute coronary syndrome or other conditions, such as pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, parenchymal lung disease, psychiatric illnesses, or trauma. The statement also lays out initial therapy for acute coronary syndrome, including use of nitrates, -blockers, and antiplatelet agents.
Clinical profile and risk factors of H1N1 swine flu in Indian health care workers during the 2009 pandemic
Authors: Barney Isaac Thomas, Henry Kirupakaran, Devasahayam J. Christopher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

BACKGROUND: The Christian Medical College, Vellore was one of the first few centers in India that could perform RT-PCR for Influenza A H1N1 during the 2009 pandemic. The health care workers being a high risk group were screened and tested when they developed flu symptoms. Through the staff-students health service of the institution, the clinical profile and risk factors in this group were studied.  AIM: To study the clinical profile and risk factors of swine flu in health care workers during the pandemic of 2009 and compare it with other acute febrile respiratory illnesses in the group during the same period.  METHODS: Consecutive health care workers who presented with an acute febrile respiratory illness were screened and those who fulfilled a set of clinical criteria were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and a throat swab was taken for RT PCR for swine flu. All those who were positive were included as cases and those who were negative, as controls. The clinical profile and risk factors were compared between the two groups.  RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were included. Of these 76 were cases and 82 were controls. Female sex, students, work involving minimal contact with patients, diarrhea and need for admission were more in the cases. There were more nurses and technicians in the control group. There was no difference in the co-morbidities, exposure to swine flu patients or use of protective measures between the two groups.  CONCLUSION: The study has identified some risk factors for H1N1 swine flu in health care workers. This information may be helpful in setting up policies during subsequent epidemics. A larger study should be planned in the future.