tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1 IL-18: a serological biomarker to discriminate AOSD from sepsis
Authors: R. Priori, S. Colafrancesco, A. Minniti, C. Alessandri, C. Perricone, G. Iaiani, G. Valesini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> A great challenge in clinical practice is the differential diagnosis between rheumatic inflammatory diseases, such as Adult Onset Still's disease (AOSD), and sepsis. Indeed, these conditions share several clinical and laboratory findings. Recent studies have investigated the cytokine profile in patients with AOSD and sepsis detecting elevated serum levels of different cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-18. This cytokine plays a pivotal role in AOSD, by driving the inflammatory process. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate IL-18 serum levels in AOSD and to assess whether IL-18 could be used as a biomarker to discriminate between patients with AOSD and sepsis. <h3>Methods</h3> We measured IL-18 serum levels by a commercial ELISA kit (Immuno Pharmacology Research, Italy), in a cohort of patients with AOSD (diagnosed according to Yamaguchy criteria) and in patients sepsis (diagnosed according to American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference). In AOSD, disease activity was evaluated with Rau's criteria, and patients were defined "active" if they scored ≥4. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the IL-18. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty patients with AOSD (F 18, M 12, mean age 39.6 years, range 18-69) and 7 patients with sepsis (F 4 M 3, mean age 35.1 years, range 30-55) were enrolled. Mean IL-18 serum level in AOSD patients [1298.7 pg/ml (range 0–6015)] was significantly higher from mean IL-18 serum level in sepsis [113.5 pg/ml (range 52–328), P=0.008]. ROC-AUC analysis of the serum concentration of IL-18 indicated that it was significantly diagnostic of AOSD, especially when active. The ROC-AUC analysis for the serum level of the IL-18 between patients with AOSD and sepsis was 0.712. At a cutoff point of 179 pg/ml, corresponding to the greatest sum of specificity and sensitivity, the specificity was 69.7% and the sensitivity was 87.5% for detection of AOSD (likelihood 2.89). When disease activity was scored according to Rau's criteria, 21/30 (70%) patients were identified as active. These patients showed mean IL-18 serum levels (1793 pg/ml, range 0-6015) significantly higher than patient with "non active" disease (145.5 pg/ml, range 0-685, P=0.0039), as well as higher than sepsis (P=0.007). The ROC-AUC analysis for the serum level of the IL-18 between active patients with AOSD and sepsis was 0.845. At a cutoff point of 223 pg/ml, the specificity was 87.5% and the sensitivity was 80.9% for detection of AOSD (likelihood 6.48). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A significant difference in IL-18 serum levels between patients with AOSD and sepsis was found, especially in those patients with active disease. This evidence may confirm the potential utility of IL-18 in the differential diagnosis between AOSD and sepsis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Noninvasive ventilation after early extubation in patients recovering from hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a single-centre feasibility study
Authors: Rosanna Vaschetto, Emilia Turucz, Fabrizio Dellapiazza, Stefania Guido, Davide Colombo, Gianmaria Cammarota, Francesco Della Corte, Massimo Antonelli, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Effects of nitroprusside on myocardial blood flow in acute regional coronary ischaemia in conscious dogs with and without left ventricular distension
Authors: M. A GOPAL, W. A NEILL, J. M OXENDINE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

To determine the effects of nitroprusside on regional myocardial ischaemia, experiments were done in 11 conscious dogs with balloon-cuff occluders implanted around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Regional myocardial blood flow by the microsphere method was determined during 5 min periods of temporary LAD occlusion with and without nitroprusside infusion. Nitroprusside decreased aortic mean and left ventricular diastolic pressures. Blood flow increased to ischaemic myocardium supplied by the occluded LAD and to non-ischaemic myocardium supplied by the patent left circumflex coronary artery. Experiments were repeated on a separate day in the presence of left ventricular distension in the same dogs. Nitroprusside again decreased aortic mean and left ventricular diastolic pressures and increased the blood flow to both ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial regions. These results suggest that nitroprusside can improve perfusion to acutely ischaemic myocardial tissue despite a fall in aortic pressure, presumably by decreasing resistance to flow in coronary collateral vessels or by decreasing the myocardial tissue pressure.
National Health and Medical Services Response to Incidents of Chemical and Biological Terrorism
Authors: Jonathan B. Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In response to the growing threat of terrorism with chemical and biological weapons, the US government has developed a national concept of operations for emergency health and medical services response. This capability was developed and tested for the first time during the Atlanta Olympic Games in the summer of 1996. In the event of a chemical or biological terrorist incident that exceeded local and state-level response capabilities, federal agencies would provide specialized teams and equipment to help manage the consequences of the attack and treat, decontaminate, and evacuate casualties. The US Congress has also established a Domestic Preparedness Program that provides for enhanced training of local first-responders and the formation of metropolitan medical strike teams in major cities around the country. While these national response capabilities are promising, their implementation to date has been problematic and their ultimate effectiveness is uncertain.
Abstract LB-212: Ionizing radiation selectively promotes invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells via regulation of FoxM1
Authors: Diane M. Kambach, Valerie Sodi, Peter I. Lelkes, Mauricio Reginato, Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract ErbB2 is frequently amplified in premalignant breast cancers including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); however, little is known about the signals or pathways it modulates in the progression into the invasive/malignant state. Radiotherapy is often used to treat early premalignant lesions regardless of ErbB2 status. Here we show that clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation (IR) induce cellular invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells, such as SKBR3 and BT-474, as well as MCF10A cells transduced to express ErbB2. This effect is specific to ErbB2 expression, as ErbB2-negative breast cancer cells, such as MCF7 and T47D, do not invade following treatment with IR, nor do parental MCF10A cells or MCF10A cells overexpressing EGF receptor alone. Exposure of cells to X-rays leads to ErbB2 phosphorylation at Y877 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and activates signaling pathways, including Src and PI3K/Akt. Inhibition of these pathways, as well as inactivation of IR-induced reactive oxygen species with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, prevented invasion. Activation of ErbB2-dependent signaling resulted in the upregulation of the transcription factor, FoxM1, a member of the forkhead family which has previously been shown to have a role in invasion, in part through transcriptional regulation of MMP2. Indeed, we have seen upregulation of MMP2 in irradiated ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells, which is abolished when Src or ErbB2 is inhibited. Inhibition of FoxM1 by shRNA abrogated the increase in MMP2 level and prevented induction of invasion by IR, and overexpression of FoxM1 alone in MCF10A cells was sufficient to promote IR-induced invasion. Our data show that low level IR stimulates invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells in a FoxM1-dependent manner. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-212. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-212
Clinical and prognostic implications of low or high level of von Willebrand factor in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Benedicte Hivert, Claudine Caron, Stephanie Petit, Cecile Charpy, Corinne Fankam-Siaka, Stephanie Lecocq, Christophe Zawadzki, Sophie Susen, Manuela Rusu, Alain Duhamel, Olivier Tournilhac, Jenny Goudemand, Pierre Morel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Nutrition and Policy. 2: The Role of Professional Societies
Authors: Aaron Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents18 May 1999Nutrition and Policy. 2: The Role of Professional SocietiesAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00101 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Everyone wants to tell us what to eat.Nutritional guidelines issued by nonprofit health groups agree about what is good to eat (food from plants) and what is not so good (fat, sugar, and salt). These guidelines call for variety in our diets, no smoking, and plenty of exercise.But ascribing rates of cancer, diabetes, or heart disease to a single factor—like diet—is difficult. “Dietary guidelines, however, are a good place to start influencing the incidence of these diseases, according to Alexis Williams, MPH, from the American Cancer Society (ACS) in Atlanta, Georgia. “We have no recent studies on outcomes ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Aaron LevinCorresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 10Page: 869-870KeywordsBody mass indexCancer preventionDietEatingExerciseFatsFoodNutritionPregnancyWeight gain ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 May 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Glucose flux rate regulates onset of ischemic contracture in globally underperfused rat hearts.
Authors: P Owen, S Dennis, L H Opie
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

This study analyzes the importance of the source and rate of ATP production (glucose flux, glycogenolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation) in the prevention of ischemic contracture in isolated rat hearts. Ischemic contracture was initiated at about 10 minutes by buffer perfusion with nonglycolytic substrates whereas the addition of 11 mM glucose prevented contracture for 2 hours. Tissue values of ATP, phosphocreatine, and lactate could be dissociated from onset of ischemic contracture. In hearts perfused with acetate or free fatty acid, with 11 mM glucose, glycolytic ATP production was 2.3-2.8 mumol/g fresh wt/min; as initial rates of glycogenolysis fell, glycolysis was maintained by a steady increase of glucose flux to values in excess of 2 mumol ATP/g fresh wt/min. Decreasing the glucose flux by lowering the perfusate glucose or by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose precipitated ischemic contracture. When oxidative phosphorylation was further reduced by hypoxia, glucose still prevented ischemic contracture; however, when oxidative phosphorylation dropped to near zero (near-anoxic) rates, glycolysis was inhibited, and glucose could only delay ischemic contracture to about 45 minutes. Combined ATP production rates could be dissociated from contracture. The metabolic parameter that correlated best with prevention or delay of ischemic contracture was the rate of glycolytic flux from glucose, which in this model of global low-flow ischemia had to accelerate to provide a rate of ATP production from glucose in excess of 2 mumol/g fresh wt/min within 30 minutes of the start of ischemia to prevent ischemic contracture.
The Need for Regulation of Dietary Supplements—Lessons From Ephedra
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa, Drummond Rennie, Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and cellular toxicity of phthalate esters.
Authors: E O Dillingham, J Autian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1973)

Growing concern that phthalic acid esters (PAE) may present a health hazard and pos- sible deleterious effects on the ecological system has led to increased interest in the more subtle toxicity of those compounds.Although the acute toxicity of PAEs as a group is quite low, the intrinsic cellular toxicity increases with molecular weight.Whether the intrinsic toxicity is great enough to exert a significant effect in vivo at the typically low levels of solubility of PAEs is of primary importance to the assess- ment of their potential hazard.This paper reviews work reported on the teratogenicity of PAEs and new work on the mutagenicity, cellular toxicity, and absorption, excretion, and distribution of those compounds.The relationship of in vitro and in vivo response is discussed. TeratogenicityTeratogenicity of PAEs was examined by Singh, Lawrence, and Autian (1).Six com- pounds (dimethyl, dimethoxyethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, diisobutyl, and butyl carbobutoxy- methyl phthalate) were administered intra- peritoneally to pregnant rats in doses of one-tenth, one-fifth, and one-third of the acute LD50 dose on the 5th, 10th and 15th days of gestation.Dioctyl and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate had LD50 values of greater than
ULTRACENTRIFUGAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LIPOPROTEIN SPECTRUM IN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE: STUDIES OF SERUM LIPID RELATIONSHIPS IN INTRA- AND EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTION 1
Authors: Robert H. Furman, Loyal L. Conrad, Alice W. Fryer, Betty S. Wamack, Emma Lou McDearmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)
HYPOSENSITIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS BY INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED GRASS POLLEN ALLERGEN
Authors: H. DEUSCHL, S. G. O. JOHANSSON
Journal: Allergy (1977)

In a pilot study, five adult patients with allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen underwent local intranasal hyposensitization with a chemically modified grass pollen extract--a so-called allergoid. Local hyposensitization during a pre-seasonal period resulted in an increased serum level of timothy-specific IgE antibodies in all patients, indicating that the allergoid had immunogenic properties. In four of the patients the clinical effect during the grass pollen season was judged satisfactory. Pre- and post-seasonal provocation test in these four patients also showed a reduction of the nasal sensitivity during this period. All patients tolerated the treatment well without any marked side effects. These promising preliminary results motivate further investigation into this form of therapy.
THE ONE HOUR RAT OVARY HYPEREMIA PREGNANCY TEST WITH SYNERGIST
Authors: PAUL H. FRIED
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Investigations by us to overcome certain disadvantages of the rat ovary hyperemia pregnancy tests led to our use of a pituitary synergist to improve the three hour test as a routine laboratory procedure 1 and to our present consideration of a one hour rapid rat pregnancy test for urgent cases. The one hour test is based on the augmentation by a pituitary extract of the rat ovary hyperemia response to chorionic gonadotropin; the latter is the basis of the rat ovary hyperemia reaction. In preliminary experiments it was found that the addition of the pituitary extract to a subminimal effective dosage 2 (0.7 international unit) of chorionic gonadotropin increased the percentage of positive reactions from 12.5 to 100 when tested at one hour.  PROCEDURE  The one hour rat ovary hyperemia pregnancy test with the addition of a pituitary extract was performed on each of 163 specimens sent to the Endocrine
Lessons from patient-derived xenografts for better in vitro modeling of human cancer
Authors: Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi, Dong Lin, Peter W. Gout, Colin C. Collins, Yong Xu, Yuzhuo Wang
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2014)

The development of novel cancer therapeutics is often plagued by discrepancies between drug efficacies obtained in preclinical studies and outcomes of clinical trials. The inconsistencies can be attributed to a lack of clinical relevance of the cancer models used for drug testing. While commonly used in vitro culture systems are advantageous for addressing specific experimental questions, they are often gross, fidelity-lacking simplifications that largely ignore the heterogeneity of cancers as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Factors such as tumor architecture, interactions among cancer cells and between cancer and stromal cells, and an acidic tumor microenvironment are critical characteristics observed in patient-derived cancer xenograft models and in the clinic. By mimicking these crucial in vivo characteristics through use of 3D cultures, co-culture systems and acidic culture conditions, an in vitro cancer model/microenvironment that is more physiologically relevant may be engineered to produce results more readily applicable to the clinic.
A 52-Year-Old Woman With Diabetes and Claudication, 1 Year Later
Authors: Jennifer Daley
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Any review must carefully weigh the available evidence
Authors: D. J. Costescu, A. Waddington
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Helmerhorst and Rosendaal’s recommendation that women prescribed oral contraceptives should receive levonorgestrel and 30 µg of ethinylestradiol is based on the observation that thrombosis risk is related to ethinylestradiol amount and progestogen type.1 Although interesting, this strategy is not adequately evidence based.

Retrospective database studies of contraception and thrombosis are often cited because they are inexpensive and can rapidly amass large datasets. Unfortunately, conclusions are …
Compound Heterozygous Mutations P336L and I1660V in the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Associated With the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Jonathan M. Cordeiro, Hector Barajas-Martinez, Kui Hong, Elena Burashnikov, Ryan Pfeiffer, Anne-Marie Orsino, Yue Sheng Wu, Dan Hu, Josep Brugada, Pedro Brugada, Charles Antzelevitch, Robert Dumaine, Ramon Brugada
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Loss-of-function mutations in SCN5A have been associated with the Brugada syndrome. We report the first Brugada syndrome family with compound heterozygous mutations in SCN5A . The proband inherited 1 mutation from each parent and transmitted 1 to each daughter. Methods and Results— The effects of the mutations on the function of the sodium channel were evaluated with heterologous expression in TSA201 cells, patch-clamp study, and confocal microscopy. Genetic analysis revealed that the proband carried 2 heterozygous missense mutations (P336L and I1660V) on separate alleles. He displayed a coved-type ST-segment elevation and a prolonged PR interval (280 ms). One daughter inherited P336L and exhibited a prolonged PR (210 ms). The other daughter inherited mutation I1660V and displayed a normal PR interval. Both daughters had a slightly elevated, upsloping ST-segment elevation. The parents had normal ECGs. Patch-clamp analysis showed that the P336L mutation reduced I Na by 85% relative to wild type. The I1660V mutation produced little measurable current, which was rescued by room temperature incubation for 48 hours. Sodium channel blockers also rescued the I1660V current, with mexiletine proving to be the most effective. Confocal immunofluorescence showed that I1660V channels conjugated to green fluorescent protein remained trapped in intracellular organelles. Conclusions— Mutation P336L produced a reduction in cardiac I Na , whereas I1660V abolished it. Only the proband carrying both mutations displayed the Brugada syndrome phenotype, whereas neither mutation alone produced the clinical phenotype. I1660V channels could be rescued pharmacologically and by incubation at room temperature. The present data highlight the role of compound heterozygosity in modulating the phenotypic expression and penetrance of Brugada syndrome.
Coronary artery stenosis: a new risk factor for chronic kidney injury?
Authors: Lars Christian Rump, Johannes Stegbauer
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

Coronary artery stenosis induces renal inflammation and kidney injury in pigs even in the absence of myocardial infarction or clinically significant heart failure. This effect is aggravated by experimentally induced renovascular hypertension. Interestingly, oxidative stress originating from the ischemic myocardium was identified as a possible mediator of this new pathophysiological link between heart and kidney. Renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous system activation did not appear to play a role in the observed cardio-renal link.