tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers and the Media-Reply
Authors: Michael S. Wilkes
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Entman is right to point out that not all scientific information is appropriate for public consumption and that not all published research findings are appropriate for incorporation into clinical practice. Surely, however, the publication of medical research serves several important purposes other than to broaden the knowledge base of others in the same field and to facilitate the replication of research findings. Whether we like it or not, published medical research also helps to educate clinicians, raise public awareness of health and medical issues, and shape public policy. We agree with Entman that media dissemination of medical research may alter patients' expectations, but we are unaware of any data confirming this notion. In any case, suppression of information seems an extreme response. Rather, researchers, medical professionals, and the media need to work together to ensure balanced and accurate coverage of medical developments.
804 SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE AFTER PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B AND RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT PREDICTS LONG-TERM CLEARANCE OF HCV AT 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: M. Manns, K.L. Lindsay, S.C. Gordon, P.J. Pockros, D. Haeussinger, S. Hadziyiannis, W. Schmidt, I. Jacobson, R. Barcena, E. Schiff, O.S. Shaikh, B. Bacon, P. Marcellin, C. Smith, J.G. McHutchison, W. Deng, L.D. Pedicone, J.K. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Improve feeding then drugs may work
Authors: D. J A Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Gastroparesis diabeticorum of the severity described is associated with a poor prognosis. It has been estimated that as many as 30% of patients may die within three years. The aim of treatment is to break the cycle of complications of diabetes, erratic nutrient absorption, and poor control of diabetes.

Exactly how poor is this patient's diabetes control? We know she is losing protein in the urine. Has she also a high haemoglobin A ic concentration and measurable urinary glucose losses? The original diagnosis was anorexia nervosa. What is her body mass index? Is she continuing to lose weight? In the starved or malnourished state, …
Causes of Non-Attendance at an Open-Access Endoscopy Outpatient Clinic
Authors: V. Tzias, E. Xirouchakis, N. Margetis, D. Kamberoglou
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We read with interest the article by Adams et al. concerning nonattendance at outpatient endoscopy clinics [1]. The results of a study we conducted in our own department may also be of interest in this connection. Due to the convenience of the service [2] [3], the majority of patients who require gastroenterological assessment in Greece are usually referred to an outpatient endoscopy department. In Greece, endoscopy services are offered by both the Greek national health-care system and by the Hellenic Social Security Institute (Idroma Koinonikon Asphaliseon, IKA). A considerable nonattendance rate, mainly involving upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, is observed in both systems. The result is that the number of endoscopies conducted in each department can vary by up to 60 % from day to day, since the nonattending patients usually do not cancel their appointments. This is frustrating for the staff and services concerned, especially since the main problem is that the demand for endoscopy appointments far exceeds the existing departments’ capacity. Long waiting lists are therefore quite usual, and there is considerable pressure for early appointments. The end result are further delays - plus, of course, increased financial costs, since the IKA is obliged to pay private health-care providers for endoscopic examinations.
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to "protect" the lung
Authors: S L Stirling, J J Cordingley, D N Hunter, M J Griffiths, S J Wort, T W Evans, S J Finney
Journal: Thorax (2009)

The case histories are presented of three adults who had severe hypercapnic acidosis despite mechanical ventilation with what were considered to be injurious tidal volumes and airway pressures. The use of a percutaneously inserted arteriovenous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (AV-ECCO(2)R) device facilitated a dramatic reduction in the amount of ventilatory support required, achieving a "lung-protective" level. Two patients survived to hospital discharge. One patient died after it became apparent that her late-stage interstitial lung disease was unresponsive to immunosuppression. AV-ECCO(2)R may be a useful strategy in facilitating lung-protective ventilation.
A novel breast tissue feature strongly associated with risk of breast cancer.
Authors: KP McKian, CA Reynolds, S Anderson, RA Vierkant, DW Visscher, MH Frost, VS Pankratz, A Nassar, LC Hartmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5008 Background: Accurate, individualized risk prediction for breast cancer is lacking. Tissue-based features, such as the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU), may help to stratify women into different risk levels as breast lobules are the anatomic sites of origin of breast cancer. As women age, these lobular structures should regress, which results in reduced breast cancer risk. Regression, however, does not occur in all women.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: We have quantified the extent of lobule regression on a benign breast biopsy in 85 breast cancer cases and 142 age-matched controls from the Mayo Benign Breast Disease Cohort, by determining number of acini/lobule and lobular area. We also calculated Gail model 5-year predicted risks for these women.&amp;#x2028; Results: There is a step-wise increase in breast cancer risk with increasing numbers of acini/lobule (p=0.0004). Adjusting for Gail model score, parity, histology, and family history did not attenuate this association.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Lobular area was similarly associated with risk. The Gail model estimates were associated with risk of breast cancer (p=0.03). We examined the individual accuracy of these measures using the concordance (c) statistic. The Gail model c-statistic was 0.60 (95% CI; 0.50-0.70); the acinar count c-statistic was 0.65 (95% CI; 0.54-0.75). Combining acinar count and lobular area, the c-statistic was 0.68 (95% GI; 0.58-0.78). Adding the Gail model to these did not improve the c-statistic.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Novel, tissue-based features that reflect the status of a woman's normal breast lobules are strongly associated with breast cancer risk. These features appear to provide more accurate risk assessment than the currently used Gail model. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5008.
Brain death in three neurosurgical units.
Authors: P J Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The validity of clinical criteria for diagnosing brain death has been investigated in three ways.A total of 447 published cases were reviewed.In three neurosurgical units (Cambridge, Glasgow, and Swansea) 609 patients diagnosed clinically as brain dead were studied; 326 had final cardiac asystole while still being ventilated, and ventilation was discontinued in the remainder.No patient recovered.The median time in hospital before the heart finally stopped was 31-41 days, with 30-40 hours on the ventilator.Analysis of prospective data from three countries on patients with severe head injuries showed that not one of 1003 survivors would ever have been suspected of being brain dead even in their worst state soon after injury.Recovery after supposed brain death has been alleged in patients who were thought to be brain dead but in fact were not and in cases where reflex movements in the limbs were mistaken for signs of life.The safeguards in diagnosing brain death include establishing irreversible structural brain damage, excluding the effects of drugs, and allowing enough time to elapse to establish the diagnosis beyond doubt.The studies reported here show that the clinical criteria used in the United Kingdom
THE CLERGY AS HEALTH MISSIONARIES
Authors: E. Jepson
Journal: BMJ (1916)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Three dimensional morphometric methods are a powerful tool for comparative analysis of shape. However, morphological shape is often represented using landmarks selected by the user to describe features of perceived importance, and this may lead to over confident prediction of form-function relationships in subsequent analyses. We used Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) of 13 homologous 3D landmarks and spherical harmonics (SPHARM) analysis, a homology-free method that describes the entire shape of a closed surface, to quantify the shape of the calcaneus, a landmark poor structure that is important in hind-limb mechanics, for 111 carnivoran species spanning 12 of 13 terrestrial families. Both approaches document qualitatively similar patterns of shape variation, including a dominant continuum from short/stout to long/narrow calcanea. However, while phylogenetic generalized linear models indicate that locomotor mode best explains shape from the GPA, the same analyses find that shape described by <i>SPHARM</i> is best predicted by foot posture and body mass without a role for locomotor mode, though effect sizes for all are small. User choices regarding morphometric methods can dramatically impact macroevolutionary interpretations of shape change in a single structure, an outcome that is likely exacerbated when readily landmarkable features are few.
MORE ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF URETHRAL MEDICATION
Authors: P. S. Pelouze
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Concerning my answer to the California physician's query (The Journal, March 11, p. 766) against which Dr. Wolbarst voices a dissenting opinion (The Journal, May 13, p. 1558) I feel that his criticism deserves an answer. On the true facts rests the entire question of the prevention of posterior urethral infection. At the same time I admire Dr. Wolbarst and his work so greatly that I am loath to enter a discussion against his opinion. His dissenting opinion is raised against my statement that, "if the anterior urethra is only partially filled with injected fluid, the tonic contraction of the cut-off muscle will prevent any of it passing into the posterior urethra, no matter how long it is retained." Against the truth of this statement he opposes an experience of over thirty years in urology. However, he has not raised a question that cannot be settled easily
Genital Herpes and Public Health
Authors: Lawrence Corey, H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Genital herpes can be caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or, less commonly, by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). With a seroprevalence of antibodies to HSV-2 of 22% in the general population, genital herpes is 1 of the 3 most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. A central issue in the public health problem of genital herpes is the high proportion of genital HSV infections that are unrecognized by both patients and clinicians. Persons who are HSV-2 seropositive may be symptomatic but nevertheless fail to recognize genital herpes; they serve as reservoirs for transmission. Physicians and patients must be aware of the subclinical presentation of genital herpes and the potential these patients have for transmitting HSV. Serious consequences of HSV infection include neonatal herpes and increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Recommendations to physicians for prevention include using type-specific tests for HSV when screening for other STDs and testing for HSV when evaluating patients with genital ulcers. Researchers must evaluate the performance of type-specific tests and strategies to prevent transmission.
Recombinant BDNF Rescues Deficits in Basal Synaptic Transmission and Hippocampal LTP in BDNF Knockout Mice
Authors: Susan L Patterson, Ted Abel, Thomas A.S Deuel, Kelsey C Martin, Jack C Rose, Eric R Kandel
Journal: Neuron (1996)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed at high levels in hippocampal neurons, and its expression is modulated by neural activity. Knockout mice can be used to study the roles of molecules like BDNF in synaptic plasticity with more molecular specificity than is possible using pharmacological approaches. Because in conventional knockouts the disrupted gene product is absent in all tissues throughout the life of the animal, developmental effects may complicate the interpretation of deficits in the adult. Rescue experiments can help to distinguish between developmental and acute requirements for the missing gene product. We here demonstrate that treatment of hippocampal slices from BDNF knockout mice with recombinant BDNF completely reverses deficits in long-term potentiation and significantly improves deficits in basal synaptic transmission at the Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapse. Thus, BDNF has an acute role in hippocampal synaptic function.
The Family Practitioner and Psychiatric Problems in the Old-Reply
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In reply.—  Dr Smith's firsthand account of the situation in South Dakota provides good examples of both the psychiatric manpower shortage and the need for primary care education referred to in my editorial. Although there may be a surplus of physicians in some specialties, this is certainly not so in psychiatry—particularly regarding the psychiatric needs of the elderly.
Spatio‐Temporal Control of LbL Films for Biomedical Applications: From 2D to 3D
Authors: Claire Monge, Jorge Almodóvar, Thomas Boudou, Catherine Picart
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Introduced in the '90s by Prof. Moehwald, Lvov, and Decher, the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes has become a popular technique to engineer various types of objects such as films, capsules and free standing membranes, with an unprecedented control at the nanometer and micrometer scales. The LbL technique allows to engineer biofunctional surface coatings, which may be dedicated to biomedical applications in vivo but also to fundamental studies and diagnosis in vitro. Initially mostly developed as 2D coatings and hollow capsules, the range of complex objects created by the LbL technique has greatly expanded in the past 10 years. In this Review, the aim is to highlight the recent progress in the field of LbL films for biomedical applications and to discuss the various ways to spatially and temporally control the biochemical and mechanical properties of multilayers. In particular, three major developments of LbL films are discussed: 1) the new methods and templates to engineer LbL films and control cellular processes from adhesion to differentiation, 2) the major ways to achieve temporal control by chemical, biological and physical triggers and, 3) the combinations of LbL technique, cells and scaffolds for repairing 3D tissues, including cardio‐vascular devices, bone implants and neuro‐prosthetic devices.
Abstract 1133: LRIG2 promotes PDGF induced experimental glioma
Authors: Camilla Holmlund, Terese Karlsson, Olivera Casar Borota, Jamie Miller, Wang Baofeng, Farrah Zahed, Colleen Sweeney, Roger Henriksson, Håkan Hedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Leucine-rich and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 2 (LRIG2) is a transmembrane protein, whose expression is associated with poor survival of oligodendroglioma patients. This is in contrast with findings for the homologous protein LRIG1, a negative regulator of growth factor signaling, whose expression is associated with good survival in several different malignancies. Here, we address the role of LRIG2 in an experimental glioma model and its possible regulation of growth factor receptors belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR) families. Gliomas were induced in Ntv-a mice by intracranial injection of PDGFB-expressing RCAS viruses. All injected Lrig2-wild-type mice developed oligodendroglioma-like brain tumors of grade II/III (82%) or glioblastoma-like tumors of grade IV (18%), whereas Lrig2-deficient mice only developed grade II/III tumors (77%) or no detectable tumors (23%). A role for Lrig2 in PDGFR signaling was shown in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. MEF cells from Lrig2-deficient mice were less sensitive to PDGFB-induced cell proliferation than MEF cells from wild-type mice. In transfected HEK-293T cells, LRIG2 and LRIG3, in contrast to LRIG1, did not negatively regulate the protein levels of EGFR, ErbB2, PDGFRα, or PDGFRβ. Intriguingly, LRIG2 and LRIG3 instead up-regulated the protein levels of PDGFRα. In summary, we show that LRIG2 promoted the genesis and/or progression of PDGF-induced oligodendroglioma and positively regulated PDGFRα protein levels. This further supports the notion that LRIG proteins play important roles in cancer biology and suggests that LRIG1 and LRIG2/LRIG3 may have opposing functions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1133
Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study
Authors: W. O Spitzer, M. A Lewis, L. A J Heinemann, M. Thorogood, K. D MacRae
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To test whether use of combined oral contraceptives containing third generation progestogens is associated with altered risk of venous thromboembolism. <b>Design</b>: Matched case-control study. <b>Setting</b>: 10 centres in Germany and United Kingdom. <b>Subjects</b>: Cases were 471 women aged 16-44 who had a venous thromboembolism. Controls were 1772 women (at least 3 controls per case) unaffected by venous thromboembolism who were matched with corresponding case for age and for hospital or community setting. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Odds ratios derived with stratified analyses and unconditional logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding variables. <b>Results</b>: Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for venous thromboembolism were: for any oral contraceptives versus no use, 4.0 (3.1 to 5.3); for second generation products (low dose ethinyloestradiol, no gestodene or desogestrel) versus no use, 3.2 (2.3 to 4.3); for third generation products (low dose ethinyloestradiol, gestodene or desogestrel) versus no use, 4.8 (3.4 to 6.7); for third generation products versus second generation products, 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1); for products containing gestodene versus second generation products, 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2); and for products containing desogestrel versus second generation products, 1.5 (1.1 to 2.2). Probability of death due to venous thromboembolism for women using third generation products is about 20 per million users per year, for women using second generation products it is about 14 per million users per year, and for non-users it is five per million per year. <b>Conclusions</b>: Risk of venous thromboembolism was slightly increased in users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of second generation products. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This case-control study examined risk of venous thromboembolism associated with different types of oral contraceptive Overall, there was a fourfold higher relative risk of thromboembolism associated with current use of any oral contraceptive versus no current use The risk of thromboembolism was 1.5 times higher for third generation contraceptives compared with second generation products Our data indicate the need for clinical prudence but allow doctors and women seeking contraception to exercise informed choice
Paranoid Psychosis: Adrenogenital Virilism: Adrenalectomy
Authors: C. Allen, L. R. Broster, H. W. C. Vines, J. Patterson, A. W. Greenwood, G. F. Marrian, G. C. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1939)

measures that would stir up alarm, " psychical contagion " was avoided, and I did not, during the whole time of the war, hear of any instance of panic breaking out in a large city.I have seen people at the cinema in Madrid come out on the balcony to bet on the nature of a shell as they watched the flash of its explosion.So far as propaganda went, it was found that direct measures were less efficacious than indirect reassurance of the population as a whole, and the suppression of terrifying rumours or facts.Some control of books, newspapers, and films proved necessary to this end.A word may be said about the children.On the whole, they were more tranquil than the adults during air raids; either they did not realize the danger or they thought themselves protected against it.No special measures had to be taken to deal with children from the point of view of mental disturbance.It is to be hoped that the above data will be of historical interest, and, if occasion should arise, of practical help to those who will be responsible for the treatment of the neuroses of warfare.
Abstract 654: Do epimutations affect MLH1 alone or a broad spectrum of genes to increase the severity of the associated cancer phenotype.
Authors: Amanda G. Silva, Konsta Duesing, Robyn Ward, Megan Hitchins
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Germline mutations of the DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1 and MSH2, are the major cause of Lynch syndrome, characterised by a predisposition to the development of microsatellite unstable colorectal, endometrial and additional cancers below 50 years of age. However, approximately one third of cases with a clinical suspicion have no identifiable mismatch repair sequence mutation. In recent years, constitutive epigenetic dysregulation of MLH1, so-called “constitutional epimutation," has been identified in a small proportion of these mutation-negative cases. The mechanism of onset and stochastic intergenerational transmission of this defect remains unknown, but may involve the co-inheritance of a trans-acting factor that causes aberrant epigenetic programming of MLH1, and possibly additional loci, in the germline or early embryo. The aim of this work is to determine if constitutional MLH1 epimutations occur in a focal manner, or in the context of a more generalised epigenomic mechanism that may exacerbate the cancer phenotype. Using the Illumina HumanMethylation450k BeadChip we studied 6 confirmed carriers of an MLH1 epimutation and 6 healthy controls matched for age and gender to determine if MLH1 epimutations are accompanied by additional epigenetic defects. Preliminary results have shown that other genes are indeed concomitantly and aberrantly methylated or hypomethylated alongside MLH1 and the methylation status of these genes is currently under validation. The finding of concomitant methylation or hypomethylation of additional loci would provide strong evidence for a defective trans-acting factor as the underlying cause of epimutations and may also contribute to the phenotypic expression of this aetiological mechanism. Citation Format: Amanda G. Silva, Konsta Duesing, Robyn Ward, Megan Hitchins. Do epimutations affect MLH1 alone or a broad spectrum of genes to increase the severity of the associated cancer phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 654. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-654
Expression and distribution of the Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 in aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis and controls*1
Authors: Q. Meng, K. Mallett, G. Scadding, A. Parikh, T. Lee, C. Corrigan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Novel Predictors of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Individuals With Recent-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Milos Kubanek, Marek Sramko, Jana Maluskova, Dana Kautznerova, Jiri Weichet, Petr Lupinek, Jana Vrbska, Ivan Malek, Josef Kautzner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)