tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tetralogy of Fallot with Unilateral Pulmonary Atresia
Authors: ALEXANDER S. NADAS, HAROLD D. ROSENBAUM, MARTIN H. WITTENBORG, ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Four patients with tetralogy of Fallot syndrome, whose physical and x-ray findings were distinctly unusual, are presented in this report. All these patients were demonstrated to have functional or anatomic atresia of one of the main pulmonary arteries, in addition to the characteristic features of the tetralogy of Fallot. Diagnostic criteria, including angiocardiograms, are presented, and the therapeutic implications are discussed.
Bitter contemplation before the road to specialist sport and exercise medicine recognition... and the challenges ahead?
Authors: D. C. Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

It was May 1991 and I was sitting in ‘The Good Samaritan’, a pub behind The London Hospital in Whitechapel. I was staring into my pint of ‘Bitter’ with a sense of a brooding contemplation. With me were the three other members of my study group, British doctors Mark Batt, Ian McCurdie and Phil Bell. We had just completed the graduation ceremony for our Diploma of Sports Medicine. The elation and euphoria of having successfully completed a formative year of study was giving way to more serious thoughts of the future. For each of us, the unsettling question kept raising its head. ‘What's next?’

In 1991, there was no clear pathway in the UK for sports medicine specialist recognition and certainly no pathway that included recognition within the National Health Service. In Australia and New Zealand, the Australasian College of Sports Physicians (ACSP) was just about to hold its first Part II Fellowship Examination, providing its inaugural cohort of Foundation Fellows but there was no formal training programme and also no recognition of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) under the Australian or New Zealand medical systems. The year of study in London had given each of us a tantalising taste of what could possibly be. A career in sports medicine was the goal but the path ahead looked uncertain and insecure.

We each sought further training, ending up on very different paths. Mark Batt headed across the Atlantic for a Fellowship in Sports Medicine at the University of California, Davis. Ian McCurdie retrained as a Consultant in Rheumatology and Rehabilitation with the British Army and Phil Bell headed off into the private sector, starting with a training position at the London Bridge Hospital, before becoming Clinical Director of Musculoskeletal Services at Barbican Health and then joining BUPA Wellness. I headed …
Proteins of the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract. Fragmented immunoglobulin G opsonic antibody causing defective opsonophagocytosis.
Authors: R B Fick, G P Naegel, S U Squier, R E Wood, J B Gee, H Y Reynolds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In the disease cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common clinical complication that determines most morbidity and almost all excess mortality. We postulated that in this disease a defect in Pseudomonas-reactive IgG antibodies may contribute to chronic Pseudomonas infections. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed upon 13 patients with CF, 7 patients with chronic bronchitis characterized by recurrent Pseudomonas infections, and 4 normal volunteers. The levels of various proteins important to host defenses and proteases were determined; enzyme inhibition studies were performed. CF respiratory immunoglobulin levels were significantly elevated when compared with both normals and patients with chronic bronchitis (P less than 0.05). Albumin and transferrin levels were decreased in the CF lung fluids. CF elastolytic activity was strikingly elevated (means = 6.02 micrograms/mg total protein) and the inhibitory profile suggested such activity resembled a serine-proteinase. Alpha-1-antitrypsin antigenic levels were not altered in CF respiratory fluids. There was a tendency for the lavage IgG to fall as elastase levels rose (r = -0.29). IgG opsonins for two Pseudomonas immunotypes were isolated with affinity chromatography for functional and immunochemical studies. Bacterial phagocytic rates in the presence of these Pseudomonas-reactive IgG opsonins derived from CF lavage fluid were depressed (0.3% uptake/unit time) when compared with similarly titered positive controls (uptake = 1.3%/unit time, P less than 0.001). Additionally, normal pulmonary macrophage intracellular killing of Pseudomonas was severely altered in the presence of opsonins derived from CF respiratory fluids. At some time points, less than 30% of the bacteria were killed. CF IgG opsonins contain a cleavage fragment (100,000 D, 5S sedimentation coefficient) with antigenic determinants similar to the Fab portion of IgG. The presence of such a fragment was inversely correlated with phagocytic functional activity. Intact IgG comprised as little as 18% of the CF lavage fluid specimens. Aliquots of intact human IgG, when mixed with the CF opsonins, augmented Pseudomonas uptake and improved intracellular killing. Conversely, peptide fragments of IgG opsonins, which are proteolytically derived in vitro, duplicated in our system the defect observed with opsonins derived from CF lung fluids; bacterial uptake was inversely related to the concentration of F(ab')2 and to a greater degree, to Fc present in the opsonic mixture. We concluded that IgG respiratory opsonins are fragmented, inhibiting phagocytosis and serving a permissive role in the chronic Pseudomonas pulmonary infection in the disease CF.
Low-flow Oxygen and Bilevel Ventilatory Support
Authors: MAREE A. MILROSS, AMANDA J. PIPER, MARK NORMAN, HEINRICH F. BECKER, GRANT N. WILLSON, RONALD R. GRUNSTEIN, COLIN E. SULLIVAN, PETER T. P. BYE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We measured ventilation in all sleep stages in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and moderate to severe lung disease, and compared the effects of low-flow oxygen (LFO2) and bilevel ventilatory support (BVS) on ventilation and gas exchange during sleep. Thirteen subjects, age 26 ± 5.9 yr (mean ± 1 SD), body mass index (BMI) 20 ± 3 kg/m2, FEV1 32 ± 11% predicted, underwent three sleep studies breathing, in random order, room air (RA), LFO2, and BVS ± O2 with recording of oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2 ) (%) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2) (mm Hg). During RA and LFO2 studies, patients wore a nasal mask with a baseline continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 4 to 5 cm H2O. Minute ventilation (V˙ i) was measured using a pneumotachograph in the circuit and was not different between wake and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep on any night. However, V˙ i was reduced on the RA and LFO2 nights from awake to rapid eye movement (REM) (p < 0.01) and from NREM to REM (p < 0.01). On the BVS night there was no significant difference in V˙ i between NREM and REM sleep. Both BVS and LFO2 improved nocturnal SpO2 , especially during REM sleep (p < 0.05). The rise in TcCO2 seen with REM sleep with both RA and LFO2 was attenuated with BVS (p < 0.05). We conclude that BVS leads to improvements in alveolar ventilation during sleep in this patient group.
Parasite-specific anergy in human filariasis. Insights after analysis of parasite antigen-driven lymphokine production.
Authors: T B Nutman, V Kumaraswami, E A Ottesen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The antigen-specific immune unresponsiveness seen in bancroftian filariasis was studied by examining lymphokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or PBMC subpopulations from 10 patients with asymptomatic microfilaremia, 13 patients with elephantiasis and 6 normal North Americans. In each group of patients, the kinetics of the lymphokine response and the response to mitogens and nonparasite antigens did not differ significantly. In marked contrast, when antigen-induced lymphokine production was examined, most patients with microfilaremia were unable to produce either interleukin 2 (IL-2) or gamma-interferon (i.e., were nonresponders), and the few who could (hyporesponders, generally with quite low microfilaremia levels) did so at levels significantly less than those of patients with elephantiasis, all of whom showed strong responses to parasite antigen. Removal of neither adherent cells or T8+ cells affected the parasite-specific anergy seen in those with microfilaremia, suggesting a state of T cell tolerance to the parasite in patients with this most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis.
Bovine surfactant therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: T J Gregory, K P Steinberg, R Spragg, J E Gadek, T M Hyers, W J Longmore, M A Moxley, G Z Cai, R D Hite, R M Smith, L D Hudson, C Crim, P Newton, B R Mitchell, A J Gold
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Lung surfactant is deficient in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We performed a randomized, prospective, controlled, open-label clinical study of administration of a bovine surfactant to patients with ARDS to obtain preliminary information about its safety and efficacy. Patients received either surfactant by endotracheal instillation in addition to standard therapy or standard therapy only. Three different groups of patients receiving surfactant were studied: patients receiving up to eight doses of 50 mg phospholipids/kg, those receiving up to eight doses of 100 mg phospholipids/kg, and those receiving up to four doses of 100 mg phospholipids/kg. Outcome measures included ventilatory support parameters, arterial blood gases, organ system failures, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analyses, immunologic analyses, survival, and adverse events during the 28-d study period. Fifty-nine study patients were evaluable; 43 in the surfactant group and 16 in the control group. The FI(O2) at 120 h after treatment began was significantly decreased only for patients who received up to four doses of 100 mg phospholipids/kg surfactant as compared with control patients (p = 0.011). Mortality in the same group of patients was 18.8%, as compared with 43.8% in the control group (p = 0.075). The surfactant instillation was generally well tolerated, and no safety concerns were identified. This pilot study presents preliminary evidence that surfactant might have therapeutic benefit for patients with ARDS, and provides rationale for further clinical study of this agent.
Phase 1 study of pomalidomide MTD, safety, and efficacy in patients with refractory multiple myeloma who have received lenalidomide and bortezomib
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, David Siegel, Rachid Baz, Susan L. Kelley, Nikhil C. Munshi, Jacob Laubach, Daniel Sullivan, Melissa Alsina, Robert Schlossman, Irene M. Ghobrial, Deborah Doss, Nora Loughney, Laura McBride, Elizabeth Bilotti, Palka Anand, Lisa Nardelli, Sandra Wear, Gail Larkins, Min Chen, Mohamad H. Zaki, Christian Jacques, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2012)
THE IDEAL KNEE SPLINT.
Authors: JOHN RIDLON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The ideal splint for treatment of disease at the knee-joint is one that gives 100 per cent, of immobilization and, at the same time, protects the joint from the traumatism incident to locomotion. The early form of the Thomas knee splint, the one with the patten bottom, which is pretty generally used in this country, was markedly in advance of all the short splints, and of the splints making traction from adhesive plasters applied from the knee upward and downward; but the splint lacked somewhat in power to immobilize, and on that account confined the patient to bed unnecessarily long. Besides this, a high patten was required for the opposite leg and the apparatus became a clumsy one. The form of splint to which I wish to call attention is not new; it was used to the exclusion of the "patten" splint by Mr. Thomas for at least four years
HMGB1 contributes to allergen-induced airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma by modulating airway inflammation and activating lung fibroblasts
Authors: Changchun Hou, Jinliang Kong, Yue Liang, Hong Huang, Hanchun Wen, Xiaowen Zheng, Lihong Wu, Yiqiang Chen
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group.
Authors: D J Gordon, D C Trost, J Hyde, F S Whaley, P J Hannan, D R Jacobs, L G Ekelund
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Seasonal variation of plasma cholesterol levels was studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35- to 59-year-old male participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group. Each man's serial cholesterol data, obtained at bimonthly intervals for 2.0 to 6.5 years, were analyzed as a separate periodic time series, and distributions of cycle zeniths and amplitudes were calculated. A highly significant (chi 2= 706, 2 degrees of freedom) seasonal effect, 7.4 mg/dl higher on December 30 than on June 30, was found. This effect was similar among the 12 LRC centers, including such disparate climates as those of Minneapolis and San Diego, and tended to be larger in the southern centers. Its magnitude was independent of baseline levels of plasma cholesterol and other baseline characteristics. Observed seasonal differences in weight and diet explained less than one-third of the seasonal variation in plasma cholesterol levels. Plasma low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, analyzed similarly, also showed significant synchronous seasonal cycles. Plasma triglyceride levels showed a weaker irregular seasonal pattern, highest in midsummer and late autumn and lowest in spring. The etiologies and mechanisms for these seasonal patterns remain largely unknown.
MMR vaccination at right time is associated with lower admissions for all infections in young children
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Young children who receive the live measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) on schedule after vaccination against other common infections have a lower rate of hospital admission for any type of infection than children who are not vaccinated within the recommended timing or sequence, a Danish nationwide study has shown.1

Researchers followed up 495 987 children born from 1997 to 2006 aged 11 months to two years, using data from Danish national registers on vaccinations and hospital admissions.

They looked at the rate of hospital …
Acute Urography: a Method for General Use
Authors: R. D. W. McLean, H. M. Bennett, D. G. C. Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A new method of acute urography suitable for use in any general hospital is described. It takes only 30 minutes and can be performed by the duty radiographer.The method has proved invaluable in the diagnosis and differentiation of renal colic. With radiation safeguards, it may be of value in pregnancy. It has been found useful in renal trauma and in the differential diagnosis of haematuria.
Human Influenza Infection with Proved Viremia
Authors: Kiarash Naficy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ALTHOUGH there is some indirect evidence in the medical literature that viremia may occur during human influenza infections1 , 2 the isolation of this virus from a patient's blood has not, to the best of my knowledge, been reported. The present communication describes the isolation of influenza virus Group A, Type 2, from both the blood and throat secretions of a patient with clinical manifestations of influenza.Case ReportThree days before admission a 40-year-old physician noted the onset of severe headache and generalized malaise. He did not believe that he was febrile. This continued until the day before admission, when he . . .
Thyroid Hyperplasia Due To Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Bernard J. Ficarra
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Certain changes seen in the thyroid gland during thyroidectomy have been attributed to the use of oral contraceptives. These alterations are similar to those disturbances noted at surgery in the days when the antithyroid drugs (thiourea derivatives) were employed for the first time in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. The same changes are noted in the thyroid gland during pregnancy without iodine administration. These operative findings are characterized by excessive bleeding, friability of the gland, muddy consistency, and adhesive fixation of the thyroid gland to the trachea (perithyroiditis). The findings are the result of microscopic acinar physiopathology subsequent to the cuboidal cell components increasing in size to the stature of columnar epithelium. These findings could not be anticipated before surgery but were revealed only at the time the gland was incised and the specimen subjected to microscopic examination. No preoperative laboratory study is of value in assisting the
Therapeutic strategies for the clinical blockade of IL-6/gp130 signaling
Authors: Simon A. Jones, Jürgen Scheller, Stefan Rose-John
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The successful treatment of certain autoimmune conditions with the humanized anti–IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody tocilizumab has emphasized the clinical importance of cytokines that signal through the β-receptor subunit glycoprotein 130 (gp130). In this Review, we explore how gp130 signaling controls disease progression and examine why IL-6 has a special role among these cytokines as an inflammatory regulator. Attention will be given to the role of the soluble IL-6R, and we will provide a perspective into the clinical blockade of IL-6 activity in autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer.
Is one arterial graft enough?
Authors: M. Underwood, G. Cooper, B. Keogh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The natural course of coronary revascularisation with saphenous vein grafts is well documented. Within 10 years half will have become blocked by a combination of thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis.1 Since the long term benefit largely depends on the grafts remaining patent, arterial grafts are being used increasingly in the hope that they will remain patent for longer and so give better long term results.

The concept of using arterial grafts is not new. Vineberg used the mammary artery for his pioneering procedure in the 1950s,2 and reports of the left internal mammary artery being used as a direct coronary graft appeared in the late 1960s.3 Histological and functional studies have shown that the internal mammary artery has biological properties that help it to resist thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis,4 5 suggesting that it may have better patency than saphenous vein. These hopes are borne out in practice. Left internal mammary artery grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery have given consistently better patency rates than saphenous vein grafts.6 Retrospective clinical reviews and registry …
Patient Education: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Greg V. Stiegmann
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The purpose of this educational video is to introduce the patient to the various methods of dealing with gallstones. The tape commences with a brief description of the function of the gallbladder and the mechanism whereby gallstones cause pain. Subtle reference is given to the fact that "silent" gallstones may result in choledocholithiasis and serious consequences without advocating specific therapy for "silent" gallstones. Four treatment options for symptomatic cholecystitis then receive overviews. Oral dissolution therapy with bile salts is generally discredited as an effective therapy and is also attributed potential complications, including "irreversible hepatitis." Moreover, the patient viewer is informed that medication of this nature will be necessary "for life" or stones will recur. The viewer is next led into the realm of gallstone lithotripsy. The appropriate indications are listed (noncalcified cholesterol stones and a small number of stones), with the further advice that not only will more than one
Higher but “safe” level of lead in blood increases risk of death
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

People whose blood has a concentration of lead that is high but that is still considered safe have a higher risk of death from many causes than people with a low concentration, a new study shows.

The 14 000 people in the study, which was published online on 18 September in Circulation (http://circ.ahajournals.org, doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.628321), were recruited from 1988 to 1994 and followed for 12 years. Compared with participants whose blood lead concentration was <0.09 micromol/l, participants whose blood lead concentration was between 0.17 micromol/l and 0.48 micromol/l had a 25% higher risk of death from any cause, a 55% higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, an …
Sequencing Of The Flg2 Gene In Patients With Atopic Dermatitis And Eczema Herpeticum In A Population Of European Descent.
Authors: N.M. Rafaels, D.Y. Leung, L. Beck, R. Lewis, L. Huang, P. Gao, M. Boguniewicz, T. Hata, L. Schneider, J. Hanifin, R. Gallo, L. Gao, R.A. Mathias, K.C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Consultants' communications with general practitioners.
Authors: G. Read
Journal: BMJ (1992)

empirical evidence that psychological aspects of cancer management are important to quality of life, it is perhaps time now to ask why these practices are not being incorporated routinely into cancer treatment.Counselling is now a mandatory part of HIV testing.We should be thinking along the same lines for those people with a prospective diagnosis of cancer.In people with advanced disease the potential for distress is obviously great.It seems, however, that a large proportion of long term survivors pay a high psychological price and continue to have problems many years after treatment has ended.2Given this, how can the problem be adequately addressed?Where physical health is concerned there can be few dissenters from the belief that prevention is better than cure, yet this principle is rarely extended to psychological health.There are many excuses as to why we should not provide this type of care as routine, ranging from assertions that "everyone will want it" through to claims that "nobody will accept it."To an extent this latter claim acts as self fulfilling: if psychological help is offered in a judgmental and stigmatised way it is no surprise that people are reluctant to accept it.Spiegal et al's group of women with metastatic breast cancer, like the Greer et al cohort, were shown to benefit from therapy.3Given the groaning weight of evidence, it may be time to stop finding reasons for these aspects of care to fail and take a serious look at some not so new initiatives and how they could potentially prevent the deteriora- tion in quality of life that seems associated with life threatening disease.
P2-307: Patients with adenocarcinoma and non-smoking had better survival in chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus oral UFT for advanced non-small-cell-lung cancer previously treated with platinum
Authors: Takashi Seto, Takeharu Yamanaka, Riichirou Maruyama, Tatsuro Okamoto, Hiroshi Wataya, Kouji Yamazaki, Takurou Kometani, Tetsuzou Tagawa, Yumiko Ohshima, Yukito Ichinose
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)