tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P227: Depressive Symptoms and Incident CHD among African Americans and Whites: The Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Mario Sims, Nicole Redmond, Yulia Khodneva, Raegan Durant, Jewell Halanych, Monika Safford
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: African Americans (AA) have higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes than Whites. This racial disparity has been attributed to differences in risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and inactivity. Depression has been associated with CHD risk, both through behavioral factors and possibly through more direct mechanisms. Yet, the role of depressive symptoms in racial disparities in risk of CHD is not clear. Using the REGARDS Study, we examined the association between depressive symptoms and incident CHD. Hypothesis: Depressive symptoms are associated with incident CHD among AA, but not Whites. Methods: REGARDS is a national cohort of US community-dwelling adults aged &gt;45 recruited from 2003 to 2007. Longitudinal associations of depressive symptoms with incident acute CHD (fatal CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization) by race were examined among 24,261 participants (AA = 10,265; Whites =13,996) free of CHD at baseline, and observed through 12/31/09. Baseline depressive symptoms were defined by the 4-item Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with continuous scores (0-12 range) dichotomized as normal (&lt;4) or depressive symptoms (≥4). We estimated multivariable Cox proportional hazards models of incident CHD with depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographics, CHD risk factors and health behaviors. Results: Overall mean follow-up was 4.2+1.5 years, CHD incidence was 8.3 events per 1000 person-years (n=366 events) among AA and 8.8 events per 1000 person-years (n=613 events) among Whites, p=0.0015. Depressive symptoms were more prevalent among AA (13.1%) than among Whites (8.5%), p&lt;0.001. There was a significant interaction between race and depressive symptoms, thus models were stratified on race. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status and region, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with incident CHD among AA (HR 1.57 {95% CI 1.18-2.09}) but not among Whites (HR 1.11 {0.80-1.56}). After adding education, income, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, BMI, CRP, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, albuminuria, use of blood pressure or statin medications, the relationship for AA was modestly attenuated but still significant (HR 1.35 {95% CI 1.01-1.81}). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were associated with risk of incident CHD among AA but not Whites. Efforts to reduce racial disparities in CHD may need to address environmental and psychosocial factors that place AA at higher risk.
The value of semi-quantitative mycobacterial cultures for predicting culture conversion during MAC lung disease therapy
Authors: David Griffith, Jennifer Adjemian, Barbara Brown-Elliott, Julie Philley, D. Rebecca Prevots, Sally Hunsberger, Christopher Gaston, Kenneth Olivier, Richard Wallace
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : The key measure of treatment success for  Mycobacterium avium  complex (MAC) lung disease is conversion of sputum mycobacterial cultures. Decreasing semi-quantitative mycobacterial culture scores have been interpreted, though not systematically evaluated, as predictive of culture conversion.   Methods : Mycobacterial cultures obtained every 1-2 months for 12 months from MAC lung disease patients on therapy were evaluated with a semi-quantitative ordinal score; 0=no growth, 1=liquid media growth only; 2=    Results : We evaluated 180 MAC lung disease patients on therapy with mean of 13.3±7.7 cultures collected/patient. For each unit decrease in the 2 nd  culture result (median= 35 days from baseline culture), for each unit change in the 3 rd  culture result (median= 36 days from culture 2) and for each unit change in the 4 th  culture result (median= 113 days from culture 3), patients were, respectively 40% (p=0.002), 2 (p nd  cultures, and for each unit change in the difference between the baseline and 3 rd  cultures, patients were 9.5 (CI 4.3-21.1) and 12.1 (CI 4.8-30.3) times, respectively, more likely to have culture conversion.   Conclusions : Early decreases in semi-quantitative culture scores are predictive of mycobacterial culture conversion for patients on therapy for MAC lung disease.
In search of an optimal regimen for elderly patients with advanced-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma: results of a phase II study of P/DOCE chemotherapy.
Authors: S E O'Reilly, J M Connors, S Howdle, P Hoskins, R Klasa, P Klimo, D S Stuart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE The results of a prospective, phase II trial of an 8-week treatment program consisting of epirubicin or doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and prednisone (P/DOCE) for elderly patients with advanced large-cell lymphoma are reported and compared with previous phase II studies conducted in similar patients at the same institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between March 1988 and September 1991, 63 previously untreated patients aged 65 to 85 years (median, 75) with advanced-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma, defined as Ann Arbor stage III or IV or stage I or II with B symptoms or bulky disease, were enrolled on a brief, 8-week protocol consisting of five outpatient chemotherapy treatments. RESULTS The complete response (CR) rate was 62%. The treatment-related mortality rate was 8%, the actuarial 4-year failure-free survival (FFS) rate was 41%, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 45%. These results were compared with two earlier, 12-week protocols, low-dose doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, bleomycin, and prednisone (LD-ACOB-B) and etoposide, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and prednisone (VABE), performed at the same center. There was no difference in outcome among the three regimens. If all 133 patients treated on any one of these three specially designed regimen for elderly patients are combined, the projected 5-year OS rate is 38%. CONCLUSION The 8-week P/DOCE chemotherapy regimen is equal in efficacy and similar in toxicity to 3 months of chemotherapy administered on a weekly schedule and similar to the results reported in the literature for longer, anthracycline-based chemotherapy treatments. There does not appear to be any improvement in outcome from more protracted treatment programs compared with the 8-week P/DOCE protocol.
Discrimination of bronchial inflammatory phenotype of asthmatic patients by using the electronic nose
Authors: Astrid Crespo, Jordi Giner, Oriol Sibila, José Luis Merino, Patricia Peñacoba, Eder Mateus, Montserrat Torrejón, Alicia Belda, Teresa Garriga, Vicente Plaza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Identifying the inflammatory phenotype of asthmatic patients requires a time-consuming methodology, personnel and technical resources. The electronic nose is a device capable of detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the gas phase of human respiration.  Objectives  :  To compare the profiles of VOCs in the air exhaled by the electronic nose with bronchial inflammatory phenotypes of asthma who attend outpatient.  Methods:  A total of 44 asthmatic patients were included (16 with  asthma, 8 with neutrophilic asthma and 20 with paucigranulocytic asthma). All patients underwent the same day of the visit an: induced sputum, pulmonary function studies and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Asthmatic patients were classified as induced sputum cellularity (inflammatory profile). The determination of VOCs in the exhaled air is conducted through an electronic nose Cyranose 320 (Smith Detections, Pasadena, CA) according to the method described by Dragonieri S, et al. The breathprints produced by the electronic nose is mathematically analyzed by logarithmic regression, represented unilaterally and bidimensional for further analysis and interpretation.  Results  :  Descriptive analysis intergroup and between categorical variables was not significant.The electronic nose was able to discriminate correctly by 100% to asthmatic  vs. neutrophilic and  vs paucigranulocytic asthma and 90% recall rate when comparing neutrophilic vs paucigranulocytic  Conclusion:  The results indicate that the electronic nose is a noninvasive method that allows discriminate the different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma especially those with a eosinophilic asthma.
Reliability of radiological diagnosis in children and adolescents with confirmed tuberculosis infection
Authors: Folke Brinkmann, Jana Hogrefe, Lars-Daniel Berthold, Annika Müller-Heine, Gesine Hansen, Nicolaus Schwerk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (tb) in children and adolescents is usually differentiated by radiological features as clinical symptoms are often nonspecific. While in LTBI the chest x-ray is normal, there are multiple, but non pathognomonic radiological signs in active tb. Since the treatment of both manifestations differs in length and intensity, a correct diagnosis is crucial.  We compared the radiological diagnoses of different medical specialists with varying degrees of work experience in children with confirmed tb infection.  Three paediatric radiologists, three radiologists and three paediatric pneumologists evaluated independently 120 chest x-rays of children (0-17 years) with confirmed tb infection. In addition to this, three experienced paediatric radiologists established a diagnostic “gold standard”. The individual results of the nine examiners were compared to the “gold standard” to evaluate diagnostic performance and interobserver reliability.  In comparison to the gold standard:  • The diagnosis “active tb” was more frequent in primary health care physicians (45 vs. 27,5%)  • Paediatric radiologists showed the best sensitivity (77%) and specificity (95%)  • Radiologists had a low sensitivity (68%), but very high specificity (95%)  • All specialist groups were very inconsistent in their diagnoses  • Level of work experience had an impact on diagnostic quality  Chest x-rays are neither a very sensitive nor specific tool to differentiate between LTBI and active tb. Paediatric radiologists showed the best diagnostic quality. Therefore, experienced paediatric radiologists should be in charge of children with suspected tb.
The Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification Project: Database Construction and Risk Stratification Outcome Analysis
Authors: George Rodrigues, Himu Lukka, Padraig Warde, Michael Brundage, Luis Souhami, Juanita Crook, Fabio Cury, Charles Catton, Gary Mok, Andre-Guy Martin, Eric Vigneault, Jim Morris, Andrew Warner, Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado, Tom Pickles
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

This investigation reports on the biochemical and clinical outcomes of a newly created pan-Canadian Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification (ProCaRS) database developed by the Genitourinary Radiation Oncologists of Canada (GUROC). GUROC ProCaRS template-compliant data on 7974 patients who underwent radiotherapy were received from 7 unique databases. Descriptive analysis, Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed using American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), prostate cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. Multivariable modeling for the primary ASTRO BFFS end point showed that age, prostate-specific antigen, T stage, and Gleason score and components such as hormonal therapy, and radiation treatment (brachytherapy with better outcome than external-beam) were predictive of outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the existing GUROC and new NCCN classification system both showed good separation of all clinical outcome curves. The construction of a pan-Canadian database has informed important prostate cancer radiotherapy outcomes and risk stratification.
Electromagnetic navigation-guided diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions: A prospective study
Authors: Jaromir Zatloukal, Vitezslav Kolek, Petr Jakubec
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Electromagnetic navigation-guided bronchoscopy is used for the diagnosis of small peripheral pulmonary nodules that can not be reached by standard flexible bronchoscopy.

Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of electromagnetic navigation-guided bronchoscopy.

Methods: Consecutive 89 patients with peripheral lung lesions and non-diagnostic finding of bronchoscopy with fluoroscopy-guided biopsy were included in the study. Every patient underwent electromagnetic navigation-guided bronchoscopy (superDimension/Bronchus system) under general anesthesia with transbronchial biopsy and brush and/or TBNA biopsy. Patients with unclear findings underwent thoracoscopy.

Results: The lung lesion diameter was 23.1±10.2 mm (5 to 40 mm). Achieved distance to target centre was 8,0±5,7 mm, total time of the procedure was 20,6±9,0 minutes. Definitive diagnosis was malignancy in 75 patients and benign lesion in 14 patients. In 75 patients with malignancy, electromagnetic navigation-guided bronchoscopy diagnosed malignancy and histological type in 29 patients (38,7%), suspicion of malignancy without histological typing in 23 patients (30,7%) and false negative finding in 23 patients (30,7%). The diagnostic yield of the procedure was 69,4%. No patient had any serious complication (pneumothorax, uncontrolled bleeding, respiratory failure).

Conclusion: Electromagnetic navigation-guided bronchoscopy is minimally invasive and safe technique for sampling peripheral lung lesions with high diagnostic yield, particularly in patients with lung lesions inaccessible for other bronchoscopic procedures. Factors influencing the diagnostic efficacy of the procedure were discussed.
Abstract 19234: IGF2 is a Modulator of Newborn's Fetal Growth and Adiposity.
Authors: Julie St-Pierre, Diane Brisson, Patrice Perron, Paul Poirier, Luigi Bouchard
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and may be partly of fetal origin. Having a small or large for gestational age newborn's weight was previously shown to be a predicto...
Freshwater clam extract supplement‐induced acute cholestasis
Authors: Hiroaki Yokomori, Hitoshi Yamazaki, Masaya Oda
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Department of Internal MedicineKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan 2Department of PathologyKitasato University Medical CenterSaitamaJapan 3Organized Center of Clinical Medicine, Sanno Medical CenterInternational University of Health and WelfareTokyoJapan *Address reprint requests to: Hiroaki Yokomori, M.D., Kitasato University Medical Center, 6‐100 Arai, Kitamoto‐shi, Saitama 364‐8501, Japan. E‐mail: [email protected]; tel: +81‐48‐593‐1212; fax: +81‐48‐593‐1239.
Prognostic significance of the microvascular count in colorectal cancer.
Authors: G Lindmark, B Gerdin, C Sundberg, L Påhlman, R Bergström, B Glimelius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To investigate the potential correlations between a high microvascular count and the survival rate in colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three markers for endothelial cells--Ulex Europaeus Lectin (UEA), a polyclonal anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody, and a monoclonal anti-CD31 antibody (all from Dakopatts, Glostrup, Denmark)--were used for immunohistochemical detection of microvessels in whole-mount sections from 15 colorectal cancers. Areas with higher microvascular density were homogeneously distributed in the sections, regardless of the marker used. The anti-vWF antibody was subsequently used for quantification of microvessels in full-cross tumor biopsies collected from 212 consecutive surgical specimens. The correlations between the mean number of microvessels in areas with the highest microvascular density and tumor differentiation, tumor stage according to Dukes', and survival time were investigated. RESULTS A significantly longer survival time was shown for patients who had tumors with a mean of more than 10 anti-vWF-positive microvessels, as compared with those who had &lt; or = five. Tumors with a microvascular count between six and 10 microvessels behaved in-between. There was no correlation between the number of microvessels and tumor differentiation or Dukes' stage. CONCLUSION The number of microvessels measurable in tumor biopsies seems to be a prognostic predictor independent of Dukes' stage in colorectal cancer. However, our results are opposite to the findings in other tumor types investigated so far; we found that a high microvascular count predicted a longer survival time, rather than a shorter one. Determination of the microvascular count can be of importance in therapy selection even before, or immediately after, surgery, ie, before Dukes' stage is known.
Sequence-based typing of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 clinical isolates from Belgium between 2000 and 2010
Authors: E Vekens, O Soetens, R De Mendonça, F Echahidi, S Roisin, A Deplano, L Eeckhout, W Achtergael, D Piérard, O Denis, I Wybo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Sequence-based typing (SBT) is a discriminatory method widely used to genotype Legionella pneumophila strains. A total of 86 clinical L. pneumophila serogroup 1 (sg1) isolates, collected between January 2000 and December 2010 in the two Belgian National Reference Centres for Legionella pneumophila, were genotyped using the internationally standardised SBT protocol of the European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI). The isolates could be classified into 31 different sequence types (ST, index of diversity: 0.879). The obtained STs were submitted to the EWGLI SBT-database for L. pneumophila. In our study, ST47 (27.9%) and ST1 (19.8%) were the most frequently detected STs. The detected profiles were a combination of both frequently isolated and unique STs, and of both worldwide distributed and more local strains. Two STs, ST880 and ST881, were new to the EWGLI database. In conclusion, we characterised L. pneumophila sg1 isolates with the SBT method, and created a Belgian profile database that will be useful for future epidemiological studies.
Nasal symptoms, lung function changes, and sensitization to work-related allergens in hairdressers
Authors: Dragan Mijakoski, Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska, Saso Stoleski, Jordan Minov, Mimoza Marsenic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective. To assess the occurrence of nasal symptoms in hairdressers and their relation to respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and positive patch testing. Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute for Occupational Health of RM, Skopje, including 50 female hairdressers (mean age 32.1 ± 7.3 years, mean job duration 12.6 ± 8.4 years) and 50 office workers, matched by gender, age, job duration and smoking status. Evaluation of examined subjects included completion of questionnaire on nasal and respiratory symptoms in last 12 months, spirometry, histamine challenge (PC20 ≤ 8 mg/mL), and patch testing to work-related allergens. Results. Prevalence of overall nasal symptoms in last 12 months among examined hairdressers was 36% (varying from 40% for rhinorhoea to 32% for nasal itching) and it was significantly higher than its prevalence in office workers (36% vs. 14%, P
Oxaliplatin added to fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer (the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 study): final results of the multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Claus Rödel, Ullrich Graeven, Rainer Fietkau, Werner Hohenberger, Torsten Hothorn, Dirk Arnold, Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Michael Ghadimi, Hendrik A Wolff, Marga Lang-Welzenbach, Hans-Rudolf Raab, Christian Wittekind, Philipp Ströbel, Ludger Staib, Martin Wilhelm, Gerhard G Grabenbauer, Hans Hoffmanns, Fritz Lindemann, Anke Schlenska-Lange, Gunnar Folprecht, Rolf Sauer, Torsten Liersch
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Is it cost-effective to add erlotinib to gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer?
Authors: S. S. Grubbs, P. A. Grusenmeyer, N. J. Petrelli, R. J. Gralla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6048 Background: Single agent gemcitabine has been considered the standard of care in advanced pancreatic cancer since 1996. A recent 569 patient randomized trial comparing gemcitabine alone with gemcitabine + erlotinib as first line therapy found a small but statistically significant difference in survival (6.0 vs 6.4 months, respectively, p = .028). The impact on survival may be small, but with nearly 33,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer per year, the impact on health care costs with the use of the combined regimen may be large. Using the known survival data and costs, we analyzed the incremental cost-effectiveness of adding erlotinib. Methods: Costs for a six month course of gemcitabine were developed using Medicare reimbursement from the January, 2006 CMS Drug Payment Table and Physician Fee Schedule assuming no change in infusion reimbursement. Since erlotinib is not approved as a Medicare Part B drug, costs were developed from wholesale and retail sources. Drug dosing and schedules were based on the clinical trial protocol leading to approval. Incremental cost effectiveness of adding erlotinib was calculated. Results: Six month course of gemcitabine alone costs $23,493. The addition of erlotinib increases cost by $12,156 wholesale or $16,613 retail. Given an increase of 0.4 months in median survival over gemcitabine alone, the addition of erlotinib costs $364,680 per year of life gained (YLG) wholesale and $498,379/YLG retail. Sensitivity analyses were conducted assuming shorter therapy of 4 and 5 months. In order to be cost effective even at the $100,000/YLG level, six months of erlotinib would have to be reduced to 20% of the current retail cost (lowered to $18.52 per tablet.) Conclusions: Adding erlotinib to gemcitabine does not approach cost effectiveness at even the highest year per life gained parameters. Such impacts on health care costs, especially for very small gains, become more pressing as all health care costs continue to increase. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]