tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9929: Medium-Term Repeated Administration of Miglitol Improves Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease - Evaluation Using Flow-Mediated Dilatation
Authors: Takuo Emoto
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Repeated postprandial hyperglycemia may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis by suppressing vascular endothelial function. Although miglitol suppresses the elevation of blood glucose levels shortly after a meal more than other α-glucosidase inhibitors, the effect of medium-term repeated administration of miglitol on endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Methods: Fifty type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled in the present study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first was treated with miglitol (M-group, 150mg/day) and the second with voglibose (V-group, 0.6mg/day) for 3 months. Blood chemistry (lipid and blood glucose profiles, hemoglobinA1c, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, serum insulin levels, and C-reactive protein) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a surrogate marker of vascular endothelial function, were measured at the beginning and end of the trial period. Results: Patient characteristics and blood chemistry of the two groups were similar at the beginning of the trial. At the end of the trial, hemoglobinA1c decreased in both groups, but the improvement of 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels in M-group patients were significantly higher than in V-group patients(14.5 ± 8.7 μ g/ml to 21.3 ± 9.8 μ g/ml in the M-group vs. 16.2 ± 8.3 μ g/ml to 17.6 ± 8.6 μ g/ml in the V-group) .Insulin resistance index (serum insulin levels × fasting blood sugar/405), CRP and %FMD also improved in M-group but not in V-group patients (2.8±1.9% to 5.3±2.1%, P&lt;0.0001 vs. 3.0±3.7% to 3.2±1.7%, P=0.36). Conclusions: Medium-term Repeated administration of miglitol improved vascular endothelial dysfunction by strongly suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Miglitol may have vasoprotective and anti-atherogenic effects in type 2 diabetic patients with CAD.
Abstract 18566: How is the Presence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Vasospastic Angina?
Authors: Hiroki Teragawa, Yuichi Fujii, Hiroaki Takemoto, Shuichi Nomura
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Vasospastic angina (VSA) is characterized by transient vasoconstriction of the epicardial coronary arteries leading to myocardial ischemia. It characteristically occurs from midnight to early morning. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by obstruction of the upper air passage during sleep, which leads to hypopnea. Although OSA may have an influence on VSA, the association between these two conditions remains unclear. To clarify this relationship, the frequency of OSA (Study 1) and the association between OSA and anginal attacks (Study 2) were investigated. Methods: (Study 1) Eighty-seven patients (41 men, mean age 67 years) were included in whom spasm-provocation testing for evaluation of chest symptoms was performed. VSA was defined as &gt;90% narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries on the angiogram during a spasm-provocation test, accompanied by chest pain and/or ST-segment deviation on ECG. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all patients. The presence of OSA was verified using the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) &gt;15/h. The frequency of OSA in VSA patients (VSA group, n = 58) was compared with that in patients in whom negative spasm-provocation testing (non-VSA group, n = 29) was performed. (Study 2) Seventy-seven VSA outpatients were examined in whom PSG was performed (45 OSA, 32 non-OSA), and these patients followed up for at least a year. The number of anginal attacks per month was evaluated. The presence of intractable VSA was defined as uncontrollable angina even after administration of two types of coronary vasodilators. Results: (Study 1) No difference was observed in AHI (VSA group: 15.2 ± 1.3/h, non-VSA group: 12.8 ± 1.8/h) and the frequency of OSA (VSA group: 25/58, 43%, non-VSA group: 9/29, 31%) between the two groups. (Study 2) The number of anginal attacks tended to be higher in the OSA group (2.9 ± 0.6/months) than in the non-OSA group (1.3 ± 0.8/months, p = 0.09). The frequency of intractable VSA was higher in the OSA group (47%) than in the non-OSA group (19%, p &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of OSA was the significant factor responsible for intractable VSA. Conclusions: These results suggest that although OSA may not be involved in the pathogenesis of VSA, it may be a deteriorating factor of VSA.
Abstract 3232: Feasibility and Safety of Endovascular Recanalization for Symptomatic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Mao-Shin Lin, Chia-Sung Wang, Lung-Chun Lin, Chia-Lun Chao, Hsien-Li Kao
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Occlusion of cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) was associated with impaired cerebral perfusion, which may lead to ischemic cerebral symptoms and hemodynamic infarcts. Neither sur...
Prejudicial records may be destroyed by GP
Authors: M Warrick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

when abnormalities had been reported by patients-that is, lumpy semen (cells and spermatozoa around eggs), semen that was more fluid than usual, blood in the semen, or discoloration of the semen.Often this group of travellers has been exposed to potentially infected waters in a range of coun- tries in Africa.The references cited by P Jordan and G Webbe attest to the longstanding focus of infection in Lake Malawi.Our point in emphasising the occurrence of infection among those exposed only in this lake was to indicate that travellers are often not aware of this risk.
Randomized Controlled Trial of an Implantable Continuous Hemodynamic Monitor in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Robert C. Bourge, William T. Abraham, Philip B. Adamson, Mark F. Aaron, Juan M. Aranda, Anthony Magalski, Michael R. Zile, Andrew L. Smith, Frank W. Smart, Mark A. O’Shaughnessy, Mariell L. Jessup, Brandon Sparks, David L. Naftel, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Inhalation of nanoparticle-based drug for lung cancer treatment: Advantages and challenges
Authors: Wing-Hin Lee, Ching-Yee Loo, Daniela Traini, Paul M. Young
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Ever since the success of developing inhalable insulin, drug delivery via pulmonary administration has become an attractive route to treat chronic diseases. Pulmonary delivery system for nanotechnology is a relatively new concept especially when applicable to lung cancer therapy. Nano-based systems such as liposome, polymeric nanoparticles or micelles are strategically designed to enhance the therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs through improvement of their bioavailability, stability and residency at targeted lung regions. Along with these benefits, nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment, including imaging, screening and drug tracking. Nevertheless, delivery of nano-based drugs via pulmonary administration for lung cancer therapy is still in its infancy and numerous challenges are expected. Pharmacology, immunology, toxicology and large-scale manufacturing (stability and activity of drugs) are some aspects in nanotechnology that should be taken into consideration for the development of inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs. This review will focus on the current inhalable nano-based drugs for lung cancer treatment.
Dose-depended modulation of STAT signaling in the atypical/dyaplastic nevus by exposure to interferon α.
Authors: Wenjun Wang, Howard Edington, Uma N. M. Rao, Drazen Jukic, Hong Wang, Ruth Mascari, Cindy Sander, John M. Kirkwood
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5742   Background: IFNα is the only effective adjuvant therapy of melanoma to date. Its effects on risk marker lesions known as atypical / dysplastic nevi have not previously been well documented. We report the initial results obtained in two separate prospective trials testing the STAT signaling effects of high and low doses of IFNα2 administered  in vivo  for patients with multiple clinically atypical nevi, and a history of melanoma Methods: Two prospective trials were designed to analyze the effects of systemically administered high-dose IFNα2b (HDI) or low-dose IFNα2a (LDI) to patients with 4 or more clinically atypical melanocytic lesions (UPCI 95-071 and UPCI-96-043). Paired biopsies of atypical nevi larger than 4 mm were obtained pre- and post-treatment from patients with a history of primary cutaneous melanoma. HDI [20 × 10 6  units/m 2  IV daily x5/7 days per week × 4 weeks and 10 × 10 6  units/m 2  SCQOD for the subsequent 11 months] or LDI [3 × 10 6  units subcutaneously every other day (M, W, F) three times each week for three months] were administrated to the participants on the two separate protocols. Double-blind analysis was performed for biopsy samples obtained from lesions selected according to a randomization table. Phosphorylated STAT1 tyr701 (pSTAT1) and phosphorylated STAT3 tyr705 (pSTAT3) were probed with indirect immunohistochemistry on the snap frozen sections fixed with acetone. Mean values of the percentages of positive cells are presented with standard errors (SE). Paired-sample permutation tests and Spearman9s rank correlation coefficient r were used for data analysis. Results: 27 patient samples are adequate to be analyzed. The expression level of pSTAT1 is up-regulated while pSTAT3 is down-regulated with the maturing of melanocytes from junction to dermis. With the increment in dysplastia from normal nevus to dysplastic nevus and primary melanoma, pSTAT3 is observed to be progressively up-regulated. The level of pSTAT3 expression correlates with nevus dysplasia (normal, mild, moderate and severe, r=0.44, n=51 and p=0.0013). In junctional melanocytes, pSTAT3 is down-regulated from 40.67 ± 4.76 % to 28.52 ± 3.66 % (p = 0.005) or from 38.7 ± 6.9 % to 18.3 ± 3.8 % (p
Ethnicity and analgesia in accident departments
Authors: P. Leman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Reducing error, improving safety Defensive culture of British medicine needs to changeEditor-It was brave to devote a whole issue to medical error 1 -how to recognise, how to investigate, how to analyse, and how to change systems to improve patient safety. 1 However, we regret that the edition was dominated by American studies, ignoring the British contribution of confidential inquiries and analyses of closed claims, which have significantly improved safety in some well defined areas of medical practice.In the United States the insurance industry provided the impetus for the study of adverse events, 2 and in Australia the government funded a similar study 3 because it was considering "no fault" compensation. 3 In the United Kingdom, for 25 years the Department of Health has financed all successful claims against NHS hospitals and their staff.As a result the need to take a British study beyond the pilot phase may not be supported. 4 Be that as it may, an important issue was not addressed in the BMJ.Behind each adverse event there is a patient, a doctor, and a doctor-patient relationship.A patient must be told when things have gone wrong.Every effort must be made to minimise the after effects, including financial compensation where necessary.Most patients wish to know in detail what happened and what is being done to reduce the possibility of a recurrence.And members of healthcare teams need mechanisms to come to terms with their fallibility.It is to be hoped that clinical governance will make a difference.Meanwhile a change in the ethos of medical practice is required, and it is to this end that Action for Victims of Medical Accidents has set up a group for doctors.Action for Victims of Medical Accidents is often regarded as dealing solely with compensation and litigation, but its raison d'être has always been to improve patient care.In February this year the doctors' group met informally to discuss how best to translate into practice the General Medical Council's requirements of "good medical practice when things go wrong." 5 We are determined to take our discussion forward and would welcome input from others who see the need to change the defensive and exclusive culture of British medicine.
Low-dose suramin enhances antitumor activity of mitomycin C in bladder tumors
Authors: Yan Xin, Danny Chen, Saeheum Song, Greg Lyness, M. Guill Wientjes, Jessie L.-S. Au
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2002   Our laboratory has reported that acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) induce broad-spectrum resistance to anti-cancer drugs with diverse chemical structures and action mechanisms. We further found that low-dose suramin, a nonspecific inhibitor of FGF, enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, CPT-11) in human tumors in vitro and in vivo. The present study evaluated whether low-dose suramin can enhance the activity of mitomycin C (MMC) in human bladder RT4 xenograft tumors and patient tumor histocultures. Well-established subcutaneous RT4 tumors implanted in immunodeficient mice were treated by intraperitoneal injections of physiologic saline, MMC (3 mg/kg), suramin (10 mg/kg), or combined MMC and suramin, twice weekly. Two schedules were studied. One schedule used 6 MMC treatments (referred to as therapeutic schedule) and the other used 3 treatments (subtherapeutic schedule). At the end of the treatments, tumors in the saline and suramin control groups increased to 3 and 4 times their initial sizes in 3- and 6-treatment groups, respectively. The therapeutic MMC schedule reduced the tumor size by 28% (p in vitro  histoculture studies in patient bladder tumors indicated sensitization to MMC by 25 μM suramin, causing ∼4 fold decline in IC 50  of MMC. In summary, low-dose suramin enhanced the activity of subtherapeutic and therapeutic MMC schedules in bladder cancer. R37CA49816, NCI, DHHS.
Abstract 046: Spatial Variation of Predictors of Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of South-Africa
Authors: Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, William Tigbe, Samuel O Manda, Saverio Stranges
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region of striking socio-economic and demographic diversities, characterized by an ongoing epidemiologic transition. Recent work shows that hypertension is of public health importance in SSA, particularly in urban areas, with evidence of considerable under-diagnosis, poor management and lack of communitywide preventive strategies. Our objective was to examine the spatial variation of predictors of hypertension at the province-level in South Africa, after accounting for individual risk factors such socio-demographics, lifestyle, and chronic co-morbidities. Our analysis was based on the 1998 South African Health and Demographic Survey (HDS), including 13,827 men and women aged 15 and over. Individual data were collected on self-reported lifestyle habits and chronic co-morbidities, but were aggregated to the current 52 health districts and 9 provinces in the country. We used a Bayesian geo-additive mixed model based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to map the spatial distribution of hypertension at the province-level, accounting for individual risk factors. The overall prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) was 25.1%. In multivariable Bayesian geo-additive regression analyses, men [odds ratio (OR) &amp; 95% Credible Region (CR): 1.29 (1.14, 1.44)], coloured [1.20 (1.01, 1.42)], current smokers [1.14 (1.03, 1.27)] and current drinkers [1.14 (1.01, 1.27)] were consistently associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. In spatial analyses, a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension was found in provinces with higher poverty and income inequalities [Free State: 1.34 (1.14, 1.62); North West: 1.33 (1.12, 1.58)]. To our knowledge this was the first study, which attempted to estimate the spatial variation of predictors of hypertension at the province-level in South Africa, after accounting for individual risk factors. Findings suggest distinct spatial patterns in hypertension prevalence in South Africa, pointing to the independent role of socio-economic disparities at the province-level, beyond individual-level risk factors for hypertension in this setting.
Abstract 16091: Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption Contribute Independently to Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure in Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing (HF-ACTION)
Authors: Julius M Gardin, Dalane W Kitzman, Eric S Leifer, Gerald Cohen, Joel S Landzberg, William G Cotts, Eugene E Wolfel, Robert E Safford, Renee L Bess, Jerome L Fleg
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The HF-ACTION trial is the largest randomized trial to evaluate the effect of exercise training on clinical events in HF. We examined the ability of resting echocardiographic (echo) measurements at...
Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: good initial steroid response allows early prediction of a favorable treatment outcome
Authors: Martin Schrappe, Maurizio Aricò, Jochen Harbott, Andrea Biondi, Martin Zimmermann, Valentino Conter, Alfred Reiter, Maria G. Valsecchi, Helmut Gadner, Giuseppe Basso, Claus R. Bartram, Fritz Lampert, Hansjörg Riehm, Giuseppe Masera
Journal: Blood (1998)
Chromatographic Studies on the Separation of the Virus from Chicken Tumor I. III. Titration Curve of the Agent
Authors: Vernon Riley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Journal Article Chromatographic Studies on the Separation of the Virus from Chicken Tumor I. III. Titration Curve of the Agent Get access Vernon Riley Vernon Riley National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 1, August 1950, Pages 229–235, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.1.229 Published: 01 August 1950 Article history Received: 15 March 1950 Published: 01 August 1950
Abstract 4241: Left Atrial Minimum Volume Is The Most Powerful Predictor Of Adverse Cardiovascular Events.
Authors: Stefano Caselli, Emanuele Canali, Maria Laura Foschi, Umberto Lombardi, Carlos Centurion, Daria Santini, Natesa G Pandian, Francesco Fedele, Stefano De Castro
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objective: we sought to identify, among all two-dimensional (2D), Doppler and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography variables, the best predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in a 4 years follow-up study. Methods: A population of 151 consecutive sinus rhythm outpatients (mean age 57 ± 15 years) with cardiovascular risk factors, free from previous cardiovascular events or valvular heart disease, underwent 2D, Doppler and 3D echocardiography; data were indexed by body surface area. After a mean follow up of 54 ± 3 months, the study population was divided in two subgroups according to the subsequent development of cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction and stroke) or not. Results: combined endpoint was reached in 28 patients (18%). These patients showed significant differences for: e/e′ ratio (p&lt;0.001), end systolic and end diastolic left ventricular (LV) diameters (p&lt;0.05), 2D ejection fraction (p&lt;0.01), 3D LV end diastolic (p&lt;0.01) and end systolic volume (p&lt;0.01), 3D LV mass (p&lt;0.001) and ejection fraction (p&lt;0.01), 3D left atrial maximum (p&lt;0.001) and minimum volumes (p&lt;0.001). By Cox Proportional Hazard analysis we were able to identify left atrial minimum volume as the best independent predictor of cumulative events (hazard ratio: 1.286, confidence interval 1.056 to 1.565; p=0.012). Kaplan-Meier analysis allowed to highlight statistically significant differences among tertiles of 3D left atrial minimum volume in terms of combined endpoint (p=0.002; Figure ). Conclusion: left atrial minimum volume obtained by 3D echocardiography, was in our selected population, the most powerful independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.
Long-Term Follow-up of Ponatinib Efficacy and Safety in the Phase 2 PACE Trial
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Dong-Wook Kim, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Philipp Le Coutre, Ronald Paquette, Charles Chuah, Franck E. Nicolini, Jane F. Apperley, H. Jean Khoury, Moshe Talpaz, John F. DiPersio, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Delphine Rea, Michele Baccarani, Martin C. Müller, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Stephanie Lustgarten, Victor M. Rivera, Tim Clackson, Christopher D. Turner, Frank G. Haluska, Francois Guilhot, Michael W. Deininger, Andreas Hochhaus, Timothy P. Hughes, Neil P. Shah, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 18095: Resting Heart Rate is a Significant Predictor of Sudden Death in the General Population
Authors: Carmen Teodorescu, Kyndaron Reinier, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Jo Navarro, Harpriya Chugh, Ronald Mariani, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Xavier Jouven, Sumeet S Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: In cohort studies, increased resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality as well as sudden death after myocardial infarction. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that resting heart rate is a determinant of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in the community. Methods: Cases of SCA with coronary artery disease (CAD) from an ongoing population-based study in the Northwest US were included (population approximately one million). Controls were residents with CAD without SCA. Subjects were required to have a 12-lead ECG with measurement of resting heart rate. For cases, the ECG closest and unrelated to the occurrence of SCA was evaluated and showed sinus rhythm (89%), sinus arrhythmia (2%), atrial fibrillation (8%) and atrial flutter (1%). Independent samples t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests were used for case-control comparisons of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of heart rate with SCA. Results: A total of 69...
Telematics will be useful in providing information
Authors: F Sanz, M I Loza, E D Ahlgrimm, P Baetens, M Sosa-Iudicissa
Journal: BMJ (1996)

on which over the counter drug they had recom- mended and the reason for the recommendation.Table 1 gives the number and proportion of consultations at which information on prior use of an over the counter drug was elicited and at which a prescription was issued or an over the counter drug was recommended, or both.Over the counter drugs were recommended during 444 consultations, but the actual drug was stated in only 413.The six general practitioners varied considerably in their rates of recommending over the counter drugs (from 2.3% to 37.5%) and issuing prescriptions (from 30.6% to 78.2%).Recommending an over the counter drug seems to be a management option that is used in addition to, rather than instead of, issuing a prescription.Most recommendations (305/413) were for simple analgesics, especially paracetamol preparations (184/413).Medicines that have changed since 1990 from being available only on prescription to being available in pharmacies hardly featured (8/413).The main reason doctors gave for recommending over the counter drugs was that they were cheaper for some patients.Increasing patient autonomy or capacity for self care and potential savings in the practice's prescribing budget did not emerge as major reasons for recommending over the counter drugs.
Thymoquinone upregulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells
Authors: Mohamed El-Mahdy, Qianzheng Zhu, Bassant Barakat, El-Shaimaa Arafa, Qi-En Wang, Qun Zhao, Gulzar Wani, Alo Ray, Altaf Wani
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)