tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of Drosophila buzzatii. XXX. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in original and colonizing populations
Authors: M. S. Rossi, E. Barrio, A. Latorre, J. E. Quezada-Diaz, E. Hasson, A. Moya, A. Fontdevila
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Both original and colonizer populations of Drosophila buzzatii have been analyzed for mtDNA restriction polymorphisms. Most of the mtDNA nucleotide variation in original populations of NW Argentina can be explained by intrapopulation diversity and only a small fraction can be accounted for by between-population diversity. Similar results are obtained using either the estimated number of nucleotide substitutions per site or considering each restriction site as a locus. Colonizer populations of the Iberian Peninsula are monomorphic and show only the most common haplotype from the original populations. Under the infinite island model and assuming that populations are in equilibrium, fixation indices indicate enough gene flow to explain why the populations are not structured. Yet, the possibility exists that populations have not reached an equilibrium after a founder event at the end of the last Pleistocene glaciation. Tajima's test suggests that directional selection and/or a recent bottleneck could explain the present mtDNA differentiation. Considering the significant population structure found for the chromosomal and some allozyme polymorphisms, the among-population uniformity for mtDNA variability argues in favor of the chromosomal and some allozyme polymorphisms being adaptive.
Autoregulatory escape and post-escape hyperaemia in a capillaron model
Authors: Y. KIKUCHI, S. RODBARD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Autoregulatory escape and post-escape hyperaemia were studied in a passive hydrodynamic model of the capillaron (ie, one or more soft-walled permeable capillaries enclosed together with extracapillary filtrate in a compliant capsule). Constriction was simulated in the model by reduction of the calibre of an orifice in the arteriole through which flow entered the ‘vascular bed’ of the capillaron. Constriction lowered the intracapillary pressure, and the capillary collapsed partially, with a resultant decrease in flow rate. The rate of filtration across the capillary wall into the extracapillary space of the capsule also declined. The falling extracapillary pressure increased the transmural pressure and reopened the capillary, returning flow to preconstriction values (autoregulatory escape). Reopening of the arterial constrition increased intravascular pressure, distending the capillary, with a transient increase in flow above the control value (post-escape hyperaemia). The time rate of constriction of the arterioles determined the magnitude of the fall in flow. The rate of removal of the arterial constriction determined the magnitude of the post-escape hyperaemia. These results show that the phenomena of autoregulatory escape and of post-escape hyperaemia resemble effects generated by passive changes in transmural capillary pressure. Such passive changes are affected by the rates of change of arteriolar constriction or relaxation. The effects of downstream capillary permeability and of capsular compliance on these phenomena were also examined.
Impaired survival of peripheral T cells, disrupted NK/NKT cell development, and liver failure in mice lacking Gimap5
Authors: Ryan D. Schulteis, Haiyan Chu, Xuezhi Dai, Yuhong Chen, Brandon Edwards, Dipica Haribhai, Calvin B. Williams, Subramaniam Malarkannan, Martin J. Hessner, Sanja Glisic-Milosavljevic, Srikanta Jana, Edward J. Kerschen, Soumitra Ghosh, Demin Wang, Anne E. Kwitek, Ake Lernmark, Jack Gorski, Hartmut Weiler
Journal: Blood (2008)
Crohn's Disease and an Olive
Authors: Susan Shedda, Frank Frizelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

This 45-year-old man presented with 3 days of colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had been admitted 36 months earlier because of a similar episode. Computed tomography demonstrated a small-bowel stricture with an intraluminal radiopaque mass.
HGAL, a germinal center specific protein, decreases lymphoma cell motility by modulation of the RhoA signaling pathway
Authors: Xiaoyu Jiang, Xiaoqing Lu, George McNamara, Xiaofei Liu, Elena Cubedo, Kristopher A. Sarosiek, Isidro Sánchez-García, David M. Helfman, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: Blood (2010)
Is acupuncture beneficial in the treatment of Bell's palsy?
Authors: Alex Cumberworth, Nigel Tapiwa Mabvuure, Joseph M. Norris, Simon Watts
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)

A best evidence topic in facial nerve surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: in [patients with Bell's palsy], does [acupuncture] improve [facial nerve function and/or pain]? A total of 43 papers were identified using the reported search protocol, of which three articles represented the best available evidence to answer the clinical question. Two of these articles were review papers and together encompassed 13 primary articles. Publication details, type of study, patients studied, outcomes and results are tabulated. The two level 1 articles concluded that before firm conclusions can be drawn, better designed trials are required in order to establish whether acupuncture confers any benefit to patients with Bell's palsy. The level 2 randomised controlled trial (RCT) suggested that two methods of acupuncture were associated with significant improvements in pain in Bell's palsy, although the trial was poorly controlled and had risk of bias. Therefore, the clinical bottom line is that until well designed trials are able to clearly demonstrate a role for acupuncture in Bell's palsy, its efficacy should be considered to remain unproven.
Abstract 5298: Regulation of urothelial bladder cancer by nicotine and stress neurotransmitters
Authors: Arokya M. Papu John, Jheelam Banerjee, Hildegard M. Schuller
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is the 7th most common cancer in men and the 17th most common cancer in women. Smoking is an established risk factor for UBC. However, the mechanisms how smoking induces bladder cancer are poorly understood. Using two established human urothelial bladder cancer cell lines, our data show that nicotine significantly increased the proliferation of both cell lines. Both cell lines produced the stress neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine and nicotine further enhanced this activity. The broad-spectrum beta-blocker propranolol strongly inhibited base level and nicotine-induced proliferation in both cell lines, identifying beta-adrenergic receptors as mediators. Proliferation in response to exogenous addition of epinephrine, norepinephrine or the selective β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and complete blockage of these responses by propranolol support this interpretation. Treatment with the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), that inhibits beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated proliferation of other cancer types via inhibition of cAMP formation, was less effective. These findings suggest that urothelial bladder cancer cells are stimulated in their growth via beta-adrenergic receptor signaling independent of cAMP by nicotine or psychological stress. Additional investigations are underway to further dissect the signal transduction pathways involved. Supported by the State of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health. Citation Format: Arokya M. Papu John, Jheelam Banerjee, Hildegard M. Schuller. Regulation of urothelial bladder cancer by nicotine and stress neurotransmitters. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5298. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5298
The ICU Book
Authors: Richard W. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The author indicates that this is a "generic" text for all intensive care units, regardless of the name on the door. Dr Marino thereby acknowledges the multidisciplinary nature of intensive care endeavors. He has experience in both medical and surgical intensive care units and therefore presents a balanced approach as well as a range of topics that are applicable to virtually all adult critical care environments. The text is aimed at the house officer and is clearly written with liberal use of figures and tables. There is an up-to-date list of selected references at the end of each chapter. There is also a very useful set of references and appendixes at the end of the book that includes material on drug interactions, dosages, algorithms for resuscitations, and scoring systems. The book has 12 sections, including critical care physiology, common practices and problems, basic hemodynamic monitoring, and clinical shock syndrome. The
Can Degenerative Aortic Valve Stenosis Be Related to Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection?
Authors: Jukka Juvonen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The cause of age-related degenerative (tricuspid) aortic valve calcification is largely unknown, but one typical characteristic is an active inflammatory process. The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic valve stenosis was recently shown. Objective: To test the hypothesis that if persistent C. pneumoniae infection plays an active role in the development of aortic stenosis, the organism can be detected in the healthy aortic valves of young persons. Design: A cadaver study. Setting: Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. Subjects: 46 consecutive cadavers undergoing autopsy. Measurements: Macroscopic and histologic pathology of aortic valves was determined The presence of C. pneumoniae was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: 34 of 46 valves were macroscopically normal. Early lesions of aortic valve disease were found in 12 valves (no lesions in valves from persons 20 to 40 years of age [n = 15], 4 lesions in valves from persons 41 to 60 years of age [n = 16], and 8 lesions in valves from persons older than 60 years of age [n = 15]; P = 0.004). Fifteen of 34 normal valves (44%) and 10 of 12 valves with early lesions (83%) had positive results on staining for C. pneumoniae (P = 0.02). In persons older than 60 years of age, the chance of an early lesion was higher if the valve tested positive for C. pneumoniae (7 of 8 valves with C. pneumoniae infection compared with 1 of 7 valves without C. pneumoniae infection; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Chlamydia pneumoniae is frequently present in aortic valves and is associated with early lesions of aortic valve stenosis in elderly persons.
DIANASIAC TABLETS AND TOXICIDE
Authors: John F. W. Meagher
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —During the past year, William Wood and Company of New York published a small book of mine on the study of masturbation. A letter which J. F. Ruckel, M.D., Chicago, sent me, was amusing. It shows that some of the fallacies of the fourteenth century are still being practiced today. He claims to have cured 2,000 cases of this habit with a few tablets a day. These tablets are called Dianasiac, and are made by the Toxicide Laboratories of White Pigeon, Mich. They are said to be "a glandular product (?) to equalize the distribution of nerve energy." He says that the same tablets are good for boils, carbuncles, infections and wounds. Three of the four ingredients in the tablets are lachesis, tarantula and psorinum, which the dictionary gives, respectively as venom from a snake, a poisonous spider, and a form of pus. This, in 1924, in the
Conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells expressing fenestrations in response to VEGF
Authors: S.C. Satchell, C.H. Tasman, A. Singh, L. Ni, J. Geelen, C.J. von Ruhland, M.J. O'Hare, M.A. Saleem, L.P. van den Heuvel, P.W. Mathieson
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
A phase 2 trial of the FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib (CEP701) as first-line treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Steven Knapper, Alan K. Burnett, Tim Littlewood, W. Jonathan Kell, Sam Agrawal, Raj Chopra, Richard Clark, Mark J. Levis, Donald Small
Journal: Blood (2006)
Tricuspid atresia presenting in infancy. Survival and suitability for the Fontan operation.
Authors: R C Franklin, D J Spiegelhalter, I D Sullivan, R H Anderson, D G Thoele, E A Shinebourne, J E Deanfield
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The Fontan operation is the usual goal of therapy for children with tricuspid atresia. The influences of morphology and different management strategies on survival and subsequent suitability for this procedure are crucial but unstudied in an unselected population during the Fontan era.The fates of 237 consecutive infants with tricuspid atresia were reviewed (1972-1987; median follow-up, 8.0 years). Overall actuarial survival was 72% at 1 year, 53% at 5 years, and 46% at 10 years. Univariate risk factor analysis established that discordant ventriculoarterial connections (24% of the group; relative risk, 2.7), pulmonary atresia (14%, 2.3), aortic arch obstruction (7%, 2.9), and subaortic stenosis (8%, 4.2) were associated with poor survival, whereas pulmonary stenosis (60%, 0.52), balanced pulmonary blood flow (9%, 0.25), and older age at presentation (33%, 0.42) were beneficial. Multivariate analysis allowed the creation of predictive patient-specific survival curves and two additive indexes. Survival was worse for patients who underwent banding of the pulmonary trunk with aortic arch repair than for other individual palliative procedures (p < 0.001). On retrospective review, 204 patients (86%) were judged suitable for a future Fontan procedure at presentation. However, 99 (48%) of these are known to have died before a Fontan operation or became unsuitable for such surgery during follow-up, mostly because of death after palliative surgery (23 patients, 11%), sudden death (18 patients, 9%), and new adverse features (32 patients, 16%) such as subaortic stenosis, pulmonary arterial distortion, and ventricular dysfunction.Management in infancy must aim to ensure survival and maintain suitability for a Fontan-type operation. The accumulating incidence of adverse events with increasing age would argue in favor of undertaking definitive surgery in early childhood in most patients.
ABC of Eyes: Cataracts
Authors: A R Elkington, P T Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Symptoms"Cataract" is the term used to describe any lens opacity from the smallest dot to complete opacification.The prevalence ofcataracts increases with age; 65% ofpeople aged 50 to 59 have opacities and all ofthose aged over 80.Only when these opacities seriously interfere with vision is operation contemplated.Symptoms depend on whether the cataracts are unilateral or bilateral, and the degree and position ofthe opacity.Ifthe cataract is unilateral the patient may not notice its effects until he has cause to cover the good eye.Patients may complain ofdifficulty in reading (which should be differentiated from the presbyopia that is normal in older people), in recognising faces, and in watching television.They may complain that their vision worsens in bright light, especially ifthe opacity is central.Occasionally patients experience monocular diplopia and see haloes round lights; this is due to the lens opacity interfering with light rays passing to the back ofthe eye.Some patients may even report that they can read without glasses.This happens when a nuclear sclerotic cataract increases the converging power ofthe lens, so making the patient myopic (short sighted). SignsAT HVXH OTA
A patient's journey: our special girl
Authors: S. Dunkelberg
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How it beganWhen my daughter, Mathilda, was 5 weeks old our lives changed.It began with a seizure, probably caused by a late form of newborn hypocalcaemia.The seizure brought us to hospital for 10 days, to injections, infusions, hard, ugly knots in the head caused by calcium deposits, even to lumbar puncture.It brought pain to Mathilda and fear to her parents.There she stopped growing.There we got to know that, for unknown reasons, she had a slightly raised liver enzyme activity and anaemia.There I encountered the medical system from the other side.I am a general practitioner.For many years I have worked mainly as a researcher at the university department of general practice.I already knew a lot about problems in the German healthcare system (and others) and shortcomings in doctor-patient communications.Now I experienced them.I met them in the form of ward physicians who changed almost daily and who were unable to answer our questions on causes and prognosis.One of them asked the senior physician to speak to me.The senior physician said, somewhat reproachfully: "You asked to speak to me."I had not, and the suggestion that I had made me feel like a difficult patient of the sort that until now had only been the subject of my research.
A Concentrated Therapeutic Regimen for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: William H. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Two therapeutic regimens were used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis with clotrimazole vaginal tablets. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a three-day double-dose schedule with that of a seven-day single-dose schedule. Both regimens were comparable in eliminating the<i>Candida</i>sp. (<i>JAMA</i>1980;244:2549-2550)
Basophil expression of diamine oxidase: A novel biomarker of allergen immunotherapy response
Authors: Mohamed H. Shamji, Janice A. Layhadi, Guy W. Scadding, Delica K.M. Cheung, Moises A. Calderon, Laurence A. Turka, Deborah Phippard, Stephen R. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Positional cloning of Sorcs1, a type 2 diabetes quantitative trait locus
Authors: Susanne M Clee, Brian S Yandell, Kathryn M Schueler, Mary E Rabaglia, Oliver C Richards, Summer M Raines, Edward A Kabara, Daniel M Klass, Eric T-K Mui, Donald S Stapleton, Mark P Gray-Keller, Matthew B Young, Jonathan P Stoehr, Hong Lan, Igor Boronenkov, Philipp W Raess, Matthew T Flowers, Alan D Attie
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures?
Authors: Lennart Hardell, Mikael Eriksson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures? The yearly age-standardized incidence of NHL increased significantly in Sweden during 1971-1990, for men an average of 3.2% and for women 3.1%. The corresponding figures for 1991-2000 were -0.8% and -0.2%, respectively. A decline of the increasing incidence has also been seen in other countries, such as the United States, Finland, and Denmark. Immunosuppression is one established risk factor for NHL, possibly with interaction with Epstein-Barr virus. Phenoxyacetic acids and chlorophenols, both pesticides, have been associated with NHL. Use of these chemicals was banned in Sweden in 1977 and 1978, respectively. Also, persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, chlordanes, and dioxins have been shown to increase the risk. Exposure of the whole population occurs predominantly through the food chain. Exposure to such chemicals was highest in the 1960s and 1970s. Because of regulation in the 1970s, exposure has declined substantially in the population. The change in incidence of NHL in Sweden and other countries may serve as a good example of how prohibition and limitation of exposure may be reflected in cancer statistics some decades later.
On the Antipyretic Treatment of Typhoid Fever
Authors: J. O. Affleck
Journal: BMJ (1884)

door bodily labour to undergo, they are not so liable to feel the change as the officers."Was this in any degree in indication of scorbutic causes being so soon in operation in the Alert ?In the Alert there was a case of incipient scurvy on January 8th, and another on April 8th, both in men who had not been employed in sledging; and conse- quently the scorbutic diathesis had developed in them on board the ship.When sledge-work commenced early in March, the first returned in four days with a frost-bitten man, in whom scurvy then developed itself on board, of which he died.The larger sledge-parties left on April 3rd; and on April 4th two scorbutic men were sent back to the ship, one of whom had failed in the first twenty-four hours out.Of the Discovery's men, one who had not sledged was taken with scorbutic symptoms on January 3rd ; and that was the only case attri- butable to ship's influences in her, all her other cases being from the long sledge-party to North-west Greenland; and it was noted that the first man taken ill on it had passed the winter on board the Alert, and he gave in on the sixteenth day, with no other case till after a fort-
Pathogenesis of of cytomegalovirus infection. I. Activation of virus from bone marrow-derived lymphocytes by in vitro allogenic reaction.
Authors: L B Olding, F C Jensen, M B Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

After infection in utero or at birth with a cell culture adapted strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), several mouse strains developed a latent virus infection in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. Up to 5 mo after infection, MCMV could be activated and recovered from spleen lymphocytes of the infected animals that were co-cultivated with histoincompatible (H-2 foreign) mouse embryo cells from uninfected animals. In contrast, co-cultivation of lymphoid cells from infected mice with mouse embryo cells from syngeneic, histocompatible (H-2 similar) donors did not activate MCMV. Similarly, MCMV was not recovered from sonicated lymphoid cells. Virus was activated by treating viable lymphoid cells with lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen, but was not activated by a variety of other mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen. Subsequent purification of lymphoid cells from the infected mice by a variety of techniques indicated that MCMV was harbored in the B-lymphocyte population.
THE PSYCHOSES OF CHOREA.
Authors: HAROLD N. MOYER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our nosology fails to distinguish between chorea which occurs as a symptom in the course of an infection. which by some is regarded as a rheumatism, and that which is dependent upon organic disease. The acute chorea which has more or less involvement of the joints and pericardium, and sometimes without it, is commonly spoken of as the chorea of Sydenham. The agent is not the same in all of the cases. The choreas which are associated with mental disease in adults, generally have an organic basis; the secondary dementia accompanying post-hemiplegic chorea, and Huntington's chorea, are due to progressive degeneration of the cerebral cortex, associated with dementia. Many of the insane present choreic movements, which are simply the expression of organic changes in the cortex, occurring in the terminal states of the ordinary psychoses. Excluding the choreas of advanced life usually associated with organic disease, the occurrence of a
Henry Norman Bethune
Authors: R. J. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1971)

To the Editor.—  I am involved in research on the life and career of the late Henry Norman Bethune, MD, FRCS (Edinburgh) 1890 to 1939. Dr. Bethune, a Canadian thoracic surgeon, became well known in North America during the early 1930s for his development of surgical techniques and his invention of various surgical instruments. From 1929 to 1933, he served at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal as the First Assistant of Dr. Edward Archibald. In the latter year he became Head of the Surgery at the Sacred Heart Hospital.  In 1936, he went to Spain, then in the midst of the civil war, where he established the Canadian Mobile Blood Transfusion Service. By transporting refrigerated blood to the wounded, Bethune saved many lives. Early in 1938, he left for China to serve with the Eighth Route Army against the Japanese. Even before his tragic death (ironically from septicemia) in