tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Biochemical Screening of Diabetic Patients for Hemochromatosis
Authors: Timothy O'Brien, Brendan Barrett, Donal M Murray, Sean Dinneen, Denis J O'Sullivan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We assessed the prevalence of previously unrecognized hemochromatosis among patients in whom diabetes mellitus was diagnosed after the age of 30 yr, and we evaluated the positive predictive value of biochemical screening tests for hemochromatosis in diabetic subjects. Thirty-eight of 572 patients screened (6.6%) had a serum ferritin level greater than 324 micrograms/L; 16 patients had normal levels on repeat testing. Four patients' serum ferritin levels fell to less than 400 micrograms/L. Seven of 18 patients with a persistently elevated serum ferritin level did not undergo a liver biopsy because of a recognized cause of hyperferritenemia (carcinoma, alcoholism, or systemic lupus erythematosus). The diagnosis of hemochromatosis seemed certain in 1 of 3 patients who were not biopsied for technical reasons. Of 8 patients biopsied, 2 had hemochromatosis, 4 had fatty liver, 1 had hemosiderosis, and 1 had a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate with no iron deposition. Of 4 patients with a raised transferrin saturation level, 2 had raised serum ferritin levels and hemochromatosis, 1 had raised serum ferritin and hemosiderosis on liver biopsy, and 1 had a normal transferrin saturation level on repeat testing. Two of 3 cases of hemochromatosis had other clinical markers of the condition. Therefore, routine screening of diabetic patients for hemochromatosis is not necessary, because patients with hemochromatosis will often have other clinical features of the disease. When screening diabetic patients for hemochromatosis, it should be remembered that a persistently raised serum ferritin level has a low positive predictive value (16.6%) and that a normal transferrin saturation level does not exclude the diagnosis.
Airborne pollen levels and drug consumption for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: a 10-year study in France
Authors: D. M. Caillaud, S. Martin, C. Ségala, P. Vidal, J. Lecadet, S. Pellier, P. Rouzaire, A. Tridon, B. Evrard
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Few time-series studies, and none lasting longer than 4 years, have investigated the etiology of treated seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) on the basis of anti-allergic medication prescriptions. The aim of this article was to study the short-term relationship between pollen exposure and drug-treated SAR over 10 years in an urban area in central France.A SAR case was defined as the association between an oral antihistamine and a local anti-allergic drug on the same prescription. The relationship between daily changes in pollen concentrations and daily changes in the number of treated SAR cases was analysed using generalized additive models, taking into account confounding factors such as air pollution, weather and days of the week.Between 2003 and 2012, the total yearly number of treated SAR cases rose from 7265 to 11 315. The relative risk of treated SAR associated with an interquartile increase in pollen concentration increased significantly for Fraxinus, Betula, Carpinus, Platanus, Poaceae and Urticaceae for the whole pollen season, and for Urticaceae in the first semester.The prevalence of treated SAR cases rose by about 55% in 10 years. The study not only confirmed the highly allergenic role of Fraxinus, Betula and Poaceae pollens but also showed a relatively unknown association between treated SAR and Carpinus and Platanus pollens, despite their pollen counts being <1% of overall pollen concentration. It also showed robust correlations with Urticaceae pollens, especially during the first semester, suggesting a potential allergenic role of Parietaria pollination in this non-Mediterranean area.
Fascial Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Eosinophilic Fasciitis as Demonstrated by SPECT
Authors: PATRICK FLAMEN, LAWRENCE DIERICKX, HENDRIK EVERAERT, RUTH REYCHILER, MARK BRUYLAND, PHILIPPE R. FRANKEN, AXEL BOSSUYT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Background The presence of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake in extraskeletal tissues of the lower or upper extremities may indirectly reflect the presence of active inflammatory lesions in patients in whom systemic disease is suspected. Materials and Methods The authors present the case of a 26-year-old woman who had mixed signs of scleroderma and cosinophilic fasciitis, in whom misleading findings on planar bone scintigraphy suggested diffuse muscular tracer uptake in the lower extremities. Results However, using additional SPECT imaging of the pelvis and thighs, it was shown that the soft tissue radioactivity was clearly restricted to the fascia overlying the muscles. The fascial localization of the inflammation was confirmed by biopsy. Conclusion SPECT imaging was proven useful in indicating the exact localization of an active inflammatory process in the muscle fascia.
Phorbol ester restores L-system amino acid transport of B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: T J Woodlock, G B Segel, M A Lichtman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

L (leucine-favoring)-system amino acid transport is uniquely and selectively diminished in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes: the maximal velocity of transport is 10% of normal B lymphocytes. We examined L-system transport in chronic leukemic B lymphocytes after incubation with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate to determine if the transport abnormality can be corrected by the apparent cell maturation induced by this agent. Amino acid uptake was measured using 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicycloheptane, an L-system specific synthetic amino acid. Marked enhancement of L-system transport occurred in each of 12 leukemic cell populations; the initial velocity of transport in phorbol ester-treated cells increased 8-fold and 14-fold at 16 and 40 h, respectively, compared with untreated cells. The Vmax of the L-system in phorbol ester-treated leukemic cells was similar to that of phorbol ester-treated normal B lymphocytes. The L-system enhancement of the leukemic cells paralleled the development of plasmacytoid features at 40 h. Uptake of leucine, a naturally occurring L-system amino acid, was also increased by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Cycloheximide, 100 micrograms/ml, which inhibited over 90% of protein synthesis in phorbol ester-treated chronic leukemic cells, blocked completely the phorbol ester-induced L-system enhancement. Phorbol ester treatment restores the selective L-system transport defect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes, and this process coincides with in vitro maturation of the leukemic cells.
Chromo-endoscopie par Lugol vs. Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) pour le dépistage endoscopique du cancer épidermoïde de l'oesophage chez des patients à très haut risque: une étude pilote
Authors: S Lecleire, M Antonietti, I Iwanicki-Caron, A Duclos, P Michel, P Ducrotté, F DiFiore
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La chromo-endoscopie au Lugol est actuellement la technique de référence pour détecter un cancer de l'oesophage chez les malades à risque de cancer épidermoïde de l'oesophage (CEO). Cependant, la coloration au Lugol présente quelques effets secondaires qui peuvent limiter son utilisation dans la pratique clinique. Récemment, il a été montré que la coloration virtuelle par le NBI comparée à la lumière blanche permettait d'augmenter la précision, la sensibilité et la valeur prédictive négative de la détection des cancers épidermoïdes de la sphère ORL chez des malades ayant un antécédent personnel de CEO.
α-Toxin-permeabilised rabbit fetal ductus arteriosus is more sensitive to Ca2+ than aorta or main pulmonary artery
Authors: Catherine A. Crichton, Gordon C.S. Smith, Godfrey L. Smith
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: The Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile protein-generated tension production was measured in the smooth muscle of the rabbit ductus arteriosus and compared with two neighbouring fetal blood vessels (main pulmonary artery and aorta). The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor), cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (CAMP) and forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase) on Ca2+-activated force generated by preparations from ductus arteriosus was also examined. Methods: Strips of smooth muscle from the three vessels were permeabilised using crude α-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. The relationship between [Ca2+] and force production was then measured in the three tissues and the effect of PGE2, cAMP, IBMX and forskolin was examined on submaximal Ca2+-activated force (0.3 μM Ca2+) in preparations from rabbit ductus arteriosus. Results: Permeabilised smooth muscle from fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus was significantly more sensitive to Ca2+ (EC50, 0.20 μM) than its two neighbouring blood vessels aorta (EC50, 0.52 μM) and main pulmonary artery (EC50, 0.72 μM). Submaximal Ca2+-activated force (0.3 μM Ca2+) was depressed by PGE2 (1 nM) in the presence of IBMX (10 μM), by cAMP (10 and 100 μM) and by forskolin alone (0.1 μM and 1 μM). Conclusion: PGE2-mediated depression of Ca2+-activated force in the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus may play a role in the maintenance of a patent ductus arteriosus in the fetus. The intrinsically high Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle contractile proteins may aid the sustained vasoconstriction of the ductus when the PGE2 levels fall after birth.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in doctors involved in the Omagh bombing
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Firth-Cozens et al draw naive conclusions from their questionnaire survey of doctors involved in the Omagh bombing, which supposedly showed that 25% of them had post-traumatic stress disorder.1 In my clinical experience post-traumatic stress disorder models so lack precision in distinguishing between subjective distress and objective disorder that the vast majority of “cases” represent a pseudocondition.2 The tendency of trauma models to transform the social into the biomedical is particularly exposed in highly public events like this: if …
The Milk-Alkali Syndrome: Current Concepts
Authors: ERIC S. ORWOLL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The milk-alkali syndrome was first identified in 1923, and continues to occur in patients ingesting large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, particularly as calcium carbonate. Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal impairment remain hallmarks of the syndrome, which may occur in acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Although the pathophysiology of the milk-alkali syndrome has not been completely studied, it appears to involve complex interactions between ingested calcium and alkali resulting in an impairment in renal calcium and bicarbonate excretion. The diagnosis of the milk-alkali syndrome is based on a history of calcium and alkali ingestion, the presence of characteristic clinical and laboratory features, and the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia. Conservative treatment, including discontinuing calcium and alkali ingestion and supportive measures, is usually effective.
Respiratory arrest after solvent abuse.
Authors: S L Cronk, D E Barkley, M F Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Acute renal failure after eating raw fish gall bladder Various fishes are poisonous, the most commonly recognised being ciguatera and scombroid poisoning.'The raw gall bladder of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic properties, which are less known. Case reportsCase 1-A 37 year old housewife ate the raw gall bladder of a grass carp and six hours later had central colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and watery diarrhoea for several hours.She was admitted to hospital three days later because of oliguria.Physical examination showed nothing abnormal except for jaundice.There was no dehydration.Results of investigations were: serum urea concentration 37-5 mmol/l (226 mg/100 ml), creatinine 1350 tumol/l (15-3 mg/100 ml), bilirubin 75 ,umol/l (4-4 mg/l00 ml) (direct 56 Lmol/l; 3-3 mg/100 ml), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity 114 )mol/min/l (normal 8-32), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity 1178 [smol/min/l (normal 3-34).Total urine output was below 500 ml for seven days but gradually increased to 1200 ml by the twelfth day, reaching 4750 ml on the fourteenth day.Her serum creatinine concentration peaked on the tenth day and then improved.Dialysis was not performed.AST activity decreased to 43 )umol/min/l and ALT activity to 180 ,umol/min/l after three days (table ).Renal biopsy at four weeks showed evidence of recent interstitial oedema with interstitial fibrosis and features of acute tubular necrosis with regeneration.Immunofluorescence results for IgG, IgM, IgA, and fibrin were negative.Both renal and liver function returned to normal on discharge.Case 2-A 32 year old man was admitted because of central abdominal pain with vomiting and watery diarrhoea five hours after eating the raw gall bladder of a grass carp.Physical examination showed nothing abnormal.On admission the serum urea concentration was 5-4 mmol/l (32-5 mg/100 ml), creatinine concentration 60 Mmol/l (0 7 mg/100 ml), AST activity 12 330 temol/min/l (normal 11-35) and ALT activity 5730 ,umol/min/l (normal 5-48).After admission his urine output decreased and he became anuric with a serum urea concentration rising to 34-5 mmol/l (208 mg/100 ml) on the third day.Haemodialysis was performed.Diuresis occurred 17 days later, after a total of eight sessions of haemodialysis, and renal function gradually returned to normal.Liver function improved spontaneously, AST activity falling to 53 Htmol/min/l and ALT activity falling to 1060 jimol/min/l on the third day (table).Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis with swelling and degeneration of epithelial cells, mainly of the proximal convoluted tubules.Laboratory and clinical findings in the three patients Case 1Case 2 Case 3Red blood cell count/high power field
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan in Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1990)

One of the most difficult diagnoses to make in medicine today is that of pulmonary embolic disease. In a study done in the early 1970s,<sup>1</sup>evidence of pulmonary embolism at autopsy correlated poorly to antemortem diagnosis of pulmonary embolic disease; in only one third of cases were emboli correctly identified. A batting average of.333 may be terrific for a professional baseball player, but for a physician attempting to make a diagnosis of a potentially lethal disease, such a statistic is unsatisfactory. In this week's issue ofThe Journal, an investigation of major importance, giving us information on the sensitivity and specificity of ventilation/perfusion scans in pulmonary embolism, is published.<sup>2</sup>Nearly all patients with acute pulmonary embolism had abnormal scans (high, intermediate, or low probability), but so did most patients without emboli (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 10%). This study of more than 900 patients shows that the sensitivity of this
Efficacy of injected liquid silicone in the diabetic foot to reduce risk factors for ulceration: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: C H van Schie, A Whalley, L Vileikyte, T Wignall, S Hollis, A J Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of injecting liquid silicone in the diabetic foot to reduce risk factors for ulceration in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 28 diabetic neuropathic patients without peripheral vascular disease were randomized to active treatment with 6 injections of 0.2 ml liquid silicone in the plantar surface of the foot or to treatment with an equal volume of saline (placebo). No significant differences were evident regarding age or neuropathy status between the 2 groups. All injections were under the metatarsal heads at sites of calluses or high pressures. Barefoot plantar pressures (pedobarography) and plantar tissue thickness under the metatarsal heads (Planscan ultrasound device) were measured at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first injection. Injection sites were photographed at all stages, and callus formation was scored as a change from baseline. Throughout the study, patients were treated by the same podiatrist for all podiatry treatment. RESULTS: Patients who received silicone treatment had significantly increased plantar tissue thickness at injection sites compared with the placebo group (1.8 vs. 0.1 mm) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and correspondingly significantly decreased plantar pressures (-232 vs. -25 kPa) (P &amp;lt; 0.05) at 3 months, with similar results at 6 and 12 months. A trend was noted toward a reduction of callus formation in the silicone-treated group compared with no change in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the efficacy of plantar silicone injections in reducing recognized risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulceration.
Adult Metastatic Pancreaticoblastoma Detected With Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan
Authors: Lee Kuxhaus, Lawrence C. Swayne, Aaron Chevinsky, Billur Samli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Osteotropic radiopharmaceutical uptake has been reported in a wide variety of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. We present an unusual case of pancreaticoblastoma with mesenteric and omental metastases detected by bone scan in a 69-year-old man who presented with fever, weight loss, and renal insufficiency. Pancreaticoblastoma is a rare childhood tumor that may occur in adults, although only two cases of adults with metastatic disease have been described.
Family and community factors associated with infant deaths that might be preventable.
Authors: E M Taylor, J L Emery
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A detailed psychosocial study was made of all deaths in babies aged between 8 days and 2 years in Sheffield over two years.An identical assessment was made of a group of control children matched for age.Sixty five children who died and 102 controls were studied.Each index and control child was assessed for 13 potentially adverse social and family factors.The deaths were classified into causal groups.The families of children who died during the course of potentially treatable diseases (those with infections and those who presented as cot deaths but had treatable infection) had a significantly greater number of adverse social factors than the families of children who died from conditions with a poor prognosis, children who presented as completely unexplained cot deaths, and controls.The adverse factors studied, although often related to economic state, appeared to be independent of social class.
Widespread Vesiculobullous Eruption in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Daniel J. Ventarola, Kenneth J. Shulman, David I. Silverstein
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

An adolescent girl presented with a vesiculobullous eruption that worsened over the course of 3 weeks. The patient reported a medical history significant for alopecia areata, and additional symptoms including chronic fatigue and intermittent nonswelling arthralgia.
Prevalence of barriers for physical activity in Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Hilário Gomes, Diogo Pinto, Sebastião Sequeira, Luís Santos, Adilson Marques, Francisco Carreiro da Costa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of barriers to physical activity (PA) among adolescents according to gender and practice of PA. A total of 2580 adolescents (1310 boys, 1270 girls) aged ranged between 10 and 18 years old (mean 13±2 y) participated in this study. The data was collected through a questionnaire on PA's participation and barriers to PA. Qui-square tests were performed to analyse the differences between the gender and the practice of PA on perceived barriers. Only 29% of boys and 12% of girls were considered active. The most common barriers to the engagement in PA were the same for boys and girls. Nevertheless there were significant differences between the two genders. The number one barrier was – lack of time (boys 16%, girls 26%, p &lt;0.001), the second was interest in doing another thing (boys 9%, girls 13%, p =0.003), and the third was the perception of not having enough skills (boys 5%, girls 10%, p &lt;0.001). Girls reported higher importance to shame ( p =0.004) and to the costs ( p =0.001) associated with PA. For the group of active students the main barrier was lack of time (9%) while the less active students cited more often the interest of doing something else (12%) and not having enough skills (9%). Additional relevant differences were observed between active and inactive students on the importance of the barrier, lack of time ( p &lt;0.001), not being in shape ( p =0.001), the perception of not having enough skills ( p &lt;0.001), costs ( p =0.002) and interest in doing another thing ( p &lt;0.001). All of these reasons were more prevalent for inactive students except physically active students cited more often the lack of time (89% vs 3%, p &lt;0.001). Lack of time is the most cited barrier for boys and girls. In general, perceived barriers for the practice of PA were more prevalent for girls than for boys. The inactive students reported more motives than the active ones.
Xanthine oxidase inhibits growth of Plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes in vitro.
Authors: P A Berman, L Human, J A Freese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Malaria parasites, unable to synthesize purine de novo, use host-derived hypoxanthine preferentially as purine source. In a previous study (1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:6562-6568), we noted that xanthine oxidase rapidly and completely depleted hypoxanthine in human erythrocytes, not by crossing the erythrocyte membrane, but rather by creating a concentration gradient which facilitated hypoxanthine efflux. We therefore investigated the ability of xanthine oxidase to inhibit growth of FCR-3, a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes in vitro. Parasites were cultured in human group O+ erythrocytes in medium supplemented, as required, with xanthine oxidase or chloroquine. Parasite viability was assessed by uptake of radiolabeled glycine and adenosine triphosphate-derived purine into protein and nucleic acid, respectively, by nucleic acid accumulation, by L-lactate production, and by microscopic appearance. On average, a 90% inhibition of growth was observed after 72 h of incubation in 20 mU/ml xanthine oxidase. Inhibition was notably greater than that exerted by 10(-7) M chloroquine (less than 10%) over a comparable period. The IC50 for xanthine oxidase was estimated at 0.2 mU/ml, compared to 1.5 x 10(-7) M for chloroquine. Inhibition was completely reversed by excess hypoxanthine, but was unaffected by oxygen radical scavengers, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. The data confirms that a supply of host-derived hypoxanthine is critical for nucleic acid synthesis in P. falciparum, and that depletion of erythrocyte hypoxanthine pools of chloroquine-resistant malaria infection in humans. of chloroquine-resistant malaria infection in humans.
1106-186 Testosterone inhibits the α1C subunit of L-tyoe Ca 2+ channels (Ca v 1.2) and α1H T-tyoe Ca 2+ channels (Ca v 3.2) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells
Authors: Jason L Scragg, Richard D Jones, T.Hung Jones, Kevin S Channer, Chris Peers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Motility, proliferation, and egress to the circulation of human AML cells are elastase dependent in NOD/SCID chimeric mice
Authors: Sigal Tavor, Isabelle Petit, Svetlana Porozov, Polina Goichberg, Abraham Avigdor, Sari Sagiv, Arnon Nagler, Elizabeth Naparstek, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2005)
Decrease in CD3-negative-CD8dim+ and Vδ2/Vγ9 TcR+ peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, low perforin expression and the impairment of natural killer cell activity is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Gabriella Pár, Daniel Rukavina, Eckhard R Podack, Margit Horányi, Júlia Szekeres-Barthó, Géza Hegedüs, Mária Paál, László Szereday, Gyula Mózsik, Alajos Pár
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)