tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Portrait of Francisco de los Cobos y Molina
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 310: Body Mass Index and Initial Defibrillation for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Olutoyosi Ogunkua, Abu Minhajuddin, Jason Pai, Girish Joshi, Charles Whitten, Emine Babar Melik, Gary Hill, Dawood Nasir, Mohamed Hamza, Steven Bradley, Preston Schneider, Babatunde Ogunnaike
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Higher transthoracic impedance may influence the success of defibrillation. We evaluated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and post-defibrillation outcomes for in-hospital ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT). Methods: Within the Get With The Guidelines - Resuscitation multicenter observational registry, we identified adult patients who received biphasic waveform defibrillation for in-hospital VT/VF cardiac arrest between 2008 and2012. We evaluated the relationship between BMI and defibrillation outcomes using a generalized linear mixed regression to adjust for patient arrest characteristics and comorbidities while accounting for within hospital clustering. The primary outcome was successful termination of VF/VT. Secondary outcomes included termination of VF/VT to an organized rhythm with pulse, return of spontaneous circulation ≥ 20 minutes (ROSC), survival at 24 hours, and survival to discharge. Results: A total of 10,561 adult subjects with VF/VT from 268 hospitals were analyzed. BMI was not associated with termination of VT/VF following defibrillation. However, compared to normal BMI patients, underweight and morbidly obese patients were less likely to have termination of VT/VF with restoration of a pulse. Further, underweight patients were less likely to survive to 24 hours and discharge. In contrast, overweight and obese patients were more likely to survive to 24 hours and discharge (see Table). Summary: Successful termination of VF/VT was not associated with BMI. However, a non-linear relationship exists between BMI and termination of VF/VT to an organized rhythm with pulse, ROSC, survival at 24 h and survival at discharge.
Antitumor effect of Gemcitabine combined with interleukin-2 on liver metastases of murine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yasuhiro Ito, Koichi Aiura, Masakazu Ueda, Masaki Kitajima
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5676 

(Background) Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer present at advanced stages because of extensive invasion to surrounding vessels or metastasis. The average life expectancy after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is 3 to 6 months. One of the chemotherapeutic agents most commonly used for metastatic cancer of the pancreas is gemcitabine. However, the effects of gemcitabine are limited. Therefore, additional strategy for improving survival of patients with distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer is needed. (Methods) In this study, we examined the usefulness of systemic administration of gemcitabine with local Iinjection of IL-2 for the treatment of liver metastases of pancreatic cancer. In the murine liver metastasis model, 5 X 105 cells of PAN02, which is a murine pancreatic cancer, were injected into the portal vein on day 0, and the spleen was transpositioned subcutaneously for administration of IL-2 continually into the portal system. Mice were randomly devided into 4 groups (group 1. control, group 2. gemcitabine intraperitoneally, group 3. IL-2 intrasplenicly, group 4. comined therapy of gemcitabine intraperitoneally and IL-2 intrasplenicly). From day 10 to 1day 9, 5000 JRU IL-2 was administered intrasplenicly and gemcitabine was injected intraperitoneally at 80 mg/kg every 3 days from day 7 to day 19. We used MTT assay to measure cell cytotoxicity (Results) The numbers of metastatic nodules in group 4 (1.4±0.8) were significantly less than those in comined therapy of gemcitabine and IL-2 i intraperitoneally (12.0±6.5). Local administration of IL-2 is useful as antitumor effect and preventing from toxic effects, such as capillary leak syndrome,hypotension,and liver and kidney damege. The liver weights in group 4 (1.19±0.07g) and group 2 (1.20±0.11g) were significantly less than those in control group (1.69±0.25g) and group 3 (1.43±0.12g). The numbers of metastatic nodules in group 4 (16.8±8.7) were significantly less than those in group 1 (84.4±15.1), group 2 (29.7±9.4) and group 3 (35.4±10.2) . In vitro cell cytotoxicity, MTT assay showed that gemcitabine combined with interleukin-2 was not more resistant than gemcitabine for PAN02 in vitro. (Conclusion) These results suggested that combined therapy of local administration of IL-2 into the portal system and systemic gemcitabine administration would be a useful strategy for the treatment of liver metastases of pancreatic cancer.
Abstract 12865: Predictors of “Visual-Functional Mismatch” in Contemporary Practice -The Lesion Characteristics Associating With Mismatch Between Angiographic Stenosis and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Hiroyuki Arashi, Junichi Yamaguchi, Kazuho Kamishima, Shintarou Haruki, Hisao Otsuki, Masashi Nakao, Dai Okayama, Yukiko Sashida, Yuichirou Minami, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The benefit of fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease compared with angio-guided PCI has shown recently. However, the argument for mismatch (angiographic diameter stenosis ≧ 50% and FFR &gt; 0.80) or reverse-mismatch (angiographic diameter stenosis &lt; 50%, FFR ≦ 0.80), so called, “visual-functional mismatch”, is remains to be solved in contemporary practice. In the present study, we examined the association of the lesion characteristics and “visual-functional mismatch”. Method and Results: We analyzed 140 consecutive patients (157 lesions) undergoing coronary angiography and FFR examination. The mean age of study population was 68.7 years old, 54.3% of them had diabetes, 87.9% of them had hypertension and 77.1% of them had dyslipidemia. In terms of lesion characteristics, ratio of LAD lesion was 58.6%, tandem or diffuse lesion was 48.4%, mean percentage of diameter stenosis was 68.2% and lesion length was 16.3mm. The study population was divided into 4 groups by angiographic stenosis (cut-off: 50%) and FFR (cut-off: 0.80). There were no differences in patients’ background among 4 groups. Mismatches were observed in 28.7% of lesions, whereas, reverse-mismatches were observed in 10.1% of lesions. Lesion characteristics causing “visual-functional mismatch” are shown in Table 1 and ROC curve s of diameter stenosis for functional significance are shown in Figure 1. Conclusion: Specific lesion characteristics are applicable for predicting “visual-functional mismatch”. Angiographic severity seemed to be more reliable in LAD lesions, tandem/diffuse lesions or proximal lesions. FFR measurement should be considered for angiographic 50% stenosis in LAD to perform appropriate PCI, whereas, FFR measurement should be considered for angiographic 75% stenosis in non-LAD to avoid unnecessary PCI.
Association of Aflatoxin With Gallbladder Cancer in Chile
Authors: Leticia Nogueira, Claudia Foerster, John Groopman, Patricia Egner, Jill Koshiol, Catterina Ferreccio
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Nogueira and coauthors evaluated plasma aflatoxin-albumin adducts in incident cases with bladder cancer identified through rapid ascertainment in a pilot study conducted from April 2012 through August 2013 at cancer referral hospitals in Chile.
Drug points: Withdrawal reaction associated with venlafaxine
Authors: H Johnson, W P Bouman, J Lawton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Nottingham Healthcare NHS Trust, Wells Road Centre, Nottingham NG3 3AA

We report an apparent withdrawal reaction to venlafaxine, a recently introduced serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor antidepressant whose use is increasing.

A 42 year old man with a first episode of major depression was treated with venlafaxine after unsuccessful trials with fluoxetine and imipramine. He fully recovered over four weeks while taking a dose of 37.5 mg twice daily. This dose was …
Drug points: Facial vasculitic rash associated with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: M Howse, L Bindoff, A Carmichael
Journal: BMJ (1998)

We report a case of facial vasculitic rash associated with intravenous immunoglobulin to show that intravenous immunoglobulin should be added to the list of drugs that can precipitate cutaneous vasculitis.

A 30 year old woman presented with an 18 month history of slowly progressive dysaesthesia of her arms and legs and weakness of her feet and hands. She was not taking any drugs and did not have a history of atopy or rashes. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating …
253. Regression of Large Solid Tumors Using Engineered Drug Resistant Immunocompetent Cells and Selective Chemotherapy
Authors: Douglas W. McMillin, Becker Hewes, Bagirath Gangadharan, H. Trent Spencer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Chemotherapy remains a central approach for the treatment of cancer but is limited by severe toxic side effects, particularly on the hematopoietic system. Various immunotherapy strategies are less toxic, such as tumor vaccines and cytokine therapy, and are emerging areas of cancer treatment. Although promising, these methods have limited effectiveness on established tumors. Combining chemotherapy agents with immunotherapy has proven difficult because development of an immune response can be significantly impaired in a chemotherapy-induced immunosuppressive environment. Therefore, we are investigating strategies that will allow cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments to be used concurrently. Our aim is to generate drug resistant immunocompetent T-lymphocytes using retroviral gene transfer of cDNA sequences that confer drug resistance. Our drug resistant immunotherapy approach entails generating tumor-specific genetically engineered immunocompetent cells, such as T and NK cells, by transducing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with a retroviral vector encoding the L22Y variant of dihydrofolate reductase (L22YDHFR). This construct confers >10-fold resistance to the cytotoxic agent trimetrexate (TMTX) compared to non-modified hematopoietic cells. Drug resistant lymphocytes are generated by transplanting drug resistant bone marrow into irradiated recipient mice. Upon engraftment immunocompetent cells encoding the drug resistant marker are generated. To examine the effectiveness of drug resistance immunotherapy, C3H mice reconstituted with drug resistant bone marrow were inoculated with AG104 sarcoma cells and treated with either an agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody alone, TMTX alone, or the combination. Approximately 60% of animals transplanted with gene-modified cells and treated with anti-4-1BB, which induces CD8+ and NK anti-tumor responses, achieved complete tumor regression within 30 days. Although TMTX treatment alone regressed tumor size transiently, there was no effect on tumor clearance. However, animals treated with the combination of TMTX and anti-4-1BB antibody completely eliminated tumors in 100% of mice. Also important, compared to animals transplanted with non-modified marrow, hematopoiesis of animals transplanted with drug resistant marrow is protected against chemotherapy-induced toxicities. These results show that drug resistant immunocompetent cells can be conserved after a chemotherapy challenge and appear to retain their anti-tumor activity. This study supports our hypothesis that, in the context of drug resistant immunocompentent cells, chemotherapy can be used to control tumor growth and provide the critical time needed for the establishment of an effective anti-tumor immune response.
Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nancy E. Adler, Aric A. Prather
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) (vol 320, pg 1476, 2000)
Authors: Jam Gray, S de Lusignan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Modern healthcare professionals have to resolve the information paradox; they are overwhelmed with information but cannot find particular information when and where they need it.1 The internet and its associated technologies, especially the world wide web, have the potential to both exacerbate and reduce these problems. Simply providing access to the world wide web per se may exacerbate the problems of information overload, since every web browser has access to hundreds of millions of pages of information. However, the cost effective provision of access to timely, current, and high quality information is what internet technology potentially offers. Creation of the National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) should be seen as an attempt to harness internet technologies to solve this information paradox. Sir Edward Waine, regius professor of medicine in Glasgow, who invented Waine's thyroid index, an early, pre-computer, decision support system, used to teach about “la maladie du petit papier.” This described the patient who, somewhat nervously, took a little bit of paper out of his jacket pocket towards the end of the consultation and used this paper to remind him of the questions that he knew he was bound to forget in the stress of the consultation. Many clinicians have now found that le maladie du petit papier is now but a fond memory as they face daily “la maladie du grand print-out,” an altogether more daunting challenge. The world wide web has blown away the walls and doors of medical libraries, which once shielded medical knowledge from the public gaze. Members of the public can now have access to almost all the information that professionals have.
The Mitral Heart Roentgenologically
Authors: David Steel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)

Article1 November 1927The Mitral Heart RoentgenologicallyDAVID STEEL, M.D.DAVID STEEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-5-302 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn order to understand the changes in the cardiac silhouette under pathological conditions, it is, of course, quite necessary to know the normal. If you will bear with me for just a moment we will go over briefly the normal outline in the various positions.On the right side in the A. P. position we notice usually two arches―the lower, larger arch being that of the right ventricle and the upper, less pronounced arch―that of the ascending portion of the aorta. In addition to these there can occasionally be distinguished two more. With a low diaphragm, and especially in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Presented before the American College of Physicians, City Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, February 22. 1927. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe visualized esophagus in the differentiation of lesions of the right and left heart 1 November 1927Volume 1, Issue 5Page: 302-304KeywordsAortaHeartRight ventricle ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1927 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute leukaemia in children: diagnosis and management
Authors: Chris Mitchell, Georgina Hall, Rachel T Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Presentation of acute leukaemia can be non-specific, and not always have the classic signs and symptoms of anaemia, bruising, bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. 

Diagnosis can be difficult, and delays can contribute to additional, sometimes life threatening problems during the period of initial treatment.

Relatively simple, inexpensive tests—a full blood count and examination of the blood film—will diagnose acute leukaemia in most cases.

Overall survival has risen from less than 5% in the 1960s to over 85% today.

Acute leukaemia is the commonest malignancy of childhood. In the United Kingdom, one in 2000 children develop the disorder, with around 450 new cases being diagnosed annually.1 However, most general practitioners will see a case of childhood leukaemia only once or twice in their careers2 and, since management generally takes place in tertiary referral centres, non-specialist paediatricians will encounter relatively few patients.

Compared with the 1970s, the outcome today for children with acute leukaemia has improved dramatically. Numerous high quality randomised controlled trials have shown that over 85% of children can now be cured.3 4 Goals for the future should focus on keeping treatment and side effects to a minimum for patients at low risk of recurrent disease, and improving the outcome for the small proportion of children at high risk of relapse.5

In this review, we summarise current knowledge about the presentation, diagnosis, and optimum management of children with acute leukaemia. We also suggest strategies for early diagnosis of the disease in primary care, which should minimise avoidable complications and allow for early supportive care.

Acute leukaemia arises from genetic mutations in blood progenitor cells. These mutations generate both an uncontrollable capacity for self-renewal and the developmental arrest of the progenitor cells at a particular point in their differentiation.6 The body is therefore overwhelmed by immature cells …
Expression of metastasis suppressor gene maspin in breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: C. Schem, A. M. Stark, H. M. Mehdorn, W. Jonat, N. Maass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20057 Background: Recently our demonstrated that the expression of several Metastasis Suppressor Genes (MSG) is reduced in breast cancer brain metastases. Current data suggest that MSG Maspin (serpin B5) is a promising candidate for further treatment options. So, we examined the mRNA and protein expression of Maspin in normal breast tissue, breast cancer primaries, -brain metastases and breast cancer cell lines. Methods: Maspin mRNA expression was examined by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in fresh frozen samples from normal breast tissue, breast cancer primaries and -brain metastases. Furthermore maspin was examined in poorly invasive and non-metastatic breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47-D, in highly invasive and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (231-parental) and in brain- and bone-selective metastatic clones (231-brain, 231-bone). Maspin protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded sections from 16 patients with breast cancer primaries and brain metastases using a specific monoclonal mouse antibody. Results: In relation to normal breast tissue, maspin mRNA expression was decreased in primary tumors and again decreased in brain metastases. Normalized ΔCT values were 1 (normal tissue), 0.3 (primary tumors) and 0.13 (brain metastases). Immunohistochemistry revealed the same tendency. 3 of 16 (19%) breast cancer primaries were positive whereas none of the brain metastases showed positive maspin staining. In comparison to poorly invasive breast cancer cell lines, maspin mRNA expression was decreased in 231-parental, increased in 231-brain and not detectable in 231-bone. Conclusions: Maspin expression is reduced in breast cancer brain metastases. It is differentially expressed in brain- and bone-selective metastatic cell lines. These results suggest an important role for maspin in breast cancer brain metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Complete elimination of leprosy still elusive
Authors: Rohit Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The first meeting of the Global Alliance for Elimination of Leprosy (GAEL), held in New Delhi last week, called for a “final push” to eliminate leprosy from countries where it is endemic by 2005.

The World Health Organization (WHO) had hoped to eliminate the disease—that is, to reduce it to less than 1 case per 10 000 population—by the year 2000. But the rate was still hovering at around 1.25 globally in January 2000.

Some experts at the meeting thought that it would be impossible to reduce it to less than 1 per 10 000 in certain areas where it was endemic, even though countries might be able …
689. Protection Against Pulmonary Infection with P. aeruginosa Following Immunization with an Adenovirus Vector Expressing a P. aeruginosa OprF Epitope
Authors: Stefan Worgall, Michael Rivara, Anja Krause, Neil R. Hackett, Peter W. Rovelink, Joseph T. Bruder, Thomas J. Wickham, Imi Kovesdi, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)