tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between physical activity and asthma exacerbations
Authors: Silvia Pascual, Isabel Urrutia, Cristobal Esteban, Aitor Ballaz, Javier Moraza, Urko Aguirre, Iñaki Larrea, Itziar Arrizubieta, Maribel Cascon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  There are some evidences that suggest that regular physical activity reduces the risk of exacerbations in asthma, regardless of the asthma severity and other factors. The aim of this paper is to measure the association between physical activity levels in asthma exacerbations, adjusted by FEV1, age and body mass index (BMI).   Methodology:  This is a multicenter transversal study where has been included a population of asthmatics of Pneumology consultations of two hospitals in Vizcaya. It has been included patients with previous diagnosis of asthma and monitored by the pneumologist at least for a year, aged between 18 and 70. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of exacerbations.   Results:  We studied 354 patients (54% men). 115 of these (32%) were younger than 32, 123 (35%) between 32 and 55 and 116 (33%) over 55 years. 250 patients (75%) had a BMI below 30. 63 patients (18%) had had asthma exacerbations during the past 6 months. 15 patients (4%) had a FEV1 value below 60%, 39 (11%) between 60 and 80%, and 300 (85%) greater than 80%. Physical activity was divided into quartiles, including 88 (24.8%) in the first quartile, 92 (25.7%) in the second, 54 (23.7%) in the third and 89 (25.1%) in the fourth.   Conclusions:  Patients with asthma with increased physical activity had a reduced number of exacerbations.
Role of vitamin D in asthma severity and control in children
Authors: Anissa Berraies, Eya Tangour, Hanadi Abid, Jamel Ammar, Haifa Maalmi, Kamel Hamzaoui, Agnès Hamzaoui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In addition to its role in bone physiology and autoimmune disease, recent data suggest a potential role of vitamin D in asthma since it has immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the severity and control of asthma in children. We measured vitamin D levels in serum collected from 38 asthmatic children in winter and summer,compared to those of 30 healthy children. The mean age is 9.8 years and Sex-ratio was 2.16. Asthma was mild persistent in 60.5% of cases, moderate in 36.8% of children, and severe in 2.7%. The average vitamin D level was significantly lower in asthmatics in summer despite abundant sun exposure (20.74 ng/ml vs 26.77 ng/ml p = 0.001) and levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in winter than in summer in both groups (in asthmatics 17.37ng/ml vs 20.74ng/ml; p=0.036 and 18.97ng/ml vs 26.77ng/ml; p
Phase I/II study of TH-302 combined with doxorubicin in soft tissue sarcoma.
Authors: L. D. Cranmer, S. P. Chawla, D. A. Rushing, J. E. Butrynski, S. H. Okuno, D. Adkins, V. K. Langmuir, G. A. Lorente, S. Kroll, K. N. Ganjoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10036 Background: TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole prodrug of the DNA alkylator, bromo-isophosphoramide mustard. TH-302 is activated in severe hypoxia, releasing Br-IPM. In preclinical sarcoma models, TH-302 was active alone and enhanced the activity of doxorubicin (Dox). A phase I/II study was performed to investigate the safety and activity of TH-302 in combination with Dox in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had ECOG ≤1, advanced or metastatic STS (AJCC grade 3 or 4), ≤2 prior chemotherapies, evaluable by RECIST, and acceptable hematologic, liver, renal and cardiac function. TH-302 was administered IV over 30-60 minutes on Day 1 and 8 and full dose Dox (75 mg/m2) as IV bolus 2 hours later on Day 1 of a 21-day cycle. A standard 3+3 design was used with phase II expansion in first-line pts at the combination MTD. TH-302 starting dose was 240 mg/m2. Results: 22 pts with STS (6 liposarcoma, 6 leiomyosarcoma, 5 pleomorphic NOS, 2 synovial, 3 other) were treated at TH-302 doses of 240 (6 pts), 300 (12) or 340 (4). 18 pts were first-line; 4 pts had received prior chemo. Median age: 58 (range 19-85); 10 M/12 F. 8 pts are ongoing, 6 completed study (4 received extra cycles TH-302 alone), 8 discontinued prior to Cycle 6 (AE/QOL-4, PD-3, pt decision-1). After Gr4 neutropenia at 240 mg/m2, all later pts received growth factor (GCSF) on Day 8. DLTs were Gr4 thrombocytopenia and Gr3 infection with Gr4 neutropenia at 340 mg/m2. The combination MTD of TH-302 is 300 mg/m2. 12 pts were treated at MTD with 1 DLT (Gr3 febrile neutropenia). Skin toxicities were reported in 11 pts (one Gr 3 cellulitis); mucosal toxicities were reported in 12 pts (one Gr 3 vaginitis). Nonhematologic AEs are Gr 1/2: fatigue (59%), nausea (45%), alopecia (41%). Gr3/4 hematologic toxicity: neutropenia (45%), thrombocytopenia (23%) and anemia (32%). There was no PK interaction between TH-302 and Dox. Best response assessments in 20 pts: 5 PRs (25%), 12 SDs (60%) and 3 PDs; excluding pt with post cycle 6 pathology confirmed enlarging necrotic tumor, 6 month progression-free rate is 56%. Conclusions: TH-302 may be administered in combination with full dose Dox in STS. Myelosuppression is dose limiting with the effects partially obviated by use of GCSF. Antitumor activity is encouraging. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Threshold Pharmaceuticals Threshold Pharmaceuticals Threshold Pharmaceuticals Threshold Pharmaceuticals
Systemic activity of two different dry powder combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists in children with asthma assessed by knemometry
Authors: Ole D. Wolthers, Tushar Shah
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

RATIONALE: A combination of the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide and the long-acting β2-agonist formoterol has been formulated in a novel dry powder inhaler, Spiromax®.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lower leg growth in children with asthma treated with inhaled budesonide+formoterol (BF) delivered from the Spiromax inhaler with BF from the Symbicort Turbohaler®.

METHODS: Prebubescent children with persistent asthma (n=75, ages 6-11 years) were included in a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo controlled, three-way crossover study with active treatment and placebo periods of 2 weeks duration. Lower leg length was measured by knemometry. Interventions were inhaled BF 120+9 µg bid delivered from the Spiromax inhaler and BF 200+12 bid µg from the Symbicort Turbohaler.

RESULTS: The LS mean difference in lower leg growth rates between BF Spiromax and Symbicort Turbohaler was -0.086 mm/week (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.203, 0.032). The pre-specified non-inferiority margin was

-0.200 mm/week, so, the lower limit of the 95% CI was just outside this margin. The difference between Spiromax and placebo was -0.20 mm/week (95% CI: -0.322, 0.086); P<0.001), between Symbicort Turbohaler and placebo -0.118 mm/week (95% CI: -0.236, -0.001; P=0.048).

CONCLUSIONS: The lower limit of the confidence interval was only marginally outside of the prespecified non-inferiority margin. Further studies may be needed for comparison of systemic activity of Spiromax and Symbicort Turbohaler before firm conclusions may be drawn.

Research funding source: TEVA Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., Miami, USA.
Role of LEPR A223G gene polymorphism on severity of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Abhishek Dubey, Surya Kant, Sunita Tiwari, Abbas Mahdi, Sarita Aggarwal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Obesity is the most important risk factor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, regulates energy homeostasis and body weight. Leptin acts through leptin receptors (LEPR). LEPR A223G Gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with altered leptin levels, obesity as well as OSA in different populations.  Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the LEPR A223G Gene polymorphism and its association with leptin levels, diseases severity (based on AHI per hour), metabolic phenotype (Lipid profile) and obesity related risk factors (Neck circumference (NC), Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) in OSA.  Methods: Study was carried out in 190 index overweight subjects (BMI>25kg/m2) in polysomnography unit of Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George’s Medical University, UP, India. Biochemical investigations were done with fasting blood samples of Subjects. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood of subjects with column based commercial kit. Genetic analysis was carried out in LEPR 223 position by PCR-RFLP method using Msp I.  Results: Obesity related risk factors were found to be associated with OSA severity (P=000). LEPR A223G Gene polymorphism was not found to be associated with leptin level, BMI, NC, WHR and severity of OSA in these Subjects.  Conclusions: LEPR A223G Gene polymorphism plays no role in increasing the severity of OSA. There is a positive correlation in obesity related risk factors with the disease severity.
Introduction: The case for updating and context
Authors: MA Tonelli, C Wanner, A Cass, AX Garg, H Holdaas, AG Jardine, L Jiang, F Kronenberg, RS Parekh, T Shoji, RJ Walker, BL Kasiske, DC Wheeler, A Upadhyay, EM Balk, A Earley, S Haynes, J Lamont
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2013)
The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol C-03.
Authors: N Wolmark, H Rockette, B Fisher, D L Wickerham, C Redmond, E R Fisher, J Jones, E P Mamounas, L Ore, N J Petrelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil (5-FU) as adjuvant therapy for patients with Dukes' stage B and C colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data are presented from 1,081 patients with Dukes' stage B and C carcinoma of the colon entered into National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) protocol C-03 between August 1987 and April 1989. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either lomustine (MeCCNU), vincristine, and 5-FU (MOF), or leucovorin-modulated 5-FU (LV + 5-FU). The mean time on study was 47.6 months. RESULTS Comparison between the two groups indicates a disease-free survival advantage for patients treated with LV + 5-FU (P = .0004). The 3-year disease-free survival rate for patients in this group was 73% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 77%), compared with 64% (95% confidence interval, 60% to 68%) for patients receiving MOF. The corresponding percentage of patients surviving was 84% for those randomized to receive LV + 5-FU and 77% for the MOF-treated cohort (P = .003). At 3 years of follow-up, patients treated with postoperative LV + 5-FU had a 30% reduction in the risk of developing a treatment failure and a 32% reduction in mortality risk compared with similar patients treated with MOF. CONCLUSION Treatment with LV + 5-FU significantly prolongs disease-free survival and results in a significant benefit relative to overall survival. These findings, when considered together with results from a recent meta-analysis demonstrating a benefit from LV + 5-FU in advanced disease, provide evidence to support the concept of metabolic modulation of 5-FU.
The effect of posture on ventilation using SLP in healthy subject and patients with Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency (A1AT)
Authors: Liam O'Reilly, Elizabeth Sapey, Sebastian Desando, James Stockely, Robert Stockley, Brendan Cooper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   Structured Light Plethysmography (SLP) can show changes in ventilatory patterns by using relative thoracic contribution (RTC) inspiration to expiration ratio (IE50), inspiration time (Ti), inspiration and exhalation flux (Ti/Ttot) & breathing asynchrony by phase angle (PA).   Aims   To measure the change in breathing patterns by SLP from sitting to supine in healthy controls (HC) and patients with A1AT.   Methods   We measured respiratory signals using Thor3Di (PneumaCare, Cambridge, UK) in 23 A1AT patients Mean (SD); 16M:11F, Age: 56.0 (10.4) years, 26.4 (4.9) BMI; FEV1 SR: -2.10 (2.26) ) and 16 healthy controls (5M:11F, 34.6 (8.4) years, Age: 24.6 (4.3) BMI; FEV1 SR: 1.92 (0.74) ) both sitting and supine for 1-2 minutes and analysed using Mann-Whitney tests.   Results   Changes seen in IE50 & Ti/Ttot when supine, between sitting and supine in both patients and controls, but there were no differences between the patients & healthy subjects.   Discussion:  12 of the patients had lung disease and further analysis of this subset may show differences in respiratory patterns. There was little difference in the two groups of subjects despite the large age difference.   Conclusion   There was no overall difference in breathing patterns sitting and supine between the patients and healthy controls.
Elevation of tumour markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Y Hirakata, J Kobayashi, Y Sugama, S Kitamura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

It is unclear whether tumour markers are generally increased in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). To clarify this point, levels of tumour markers were measured in the serum and BALF of patients with PAP. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigens sialyl Lewis (CA 19-9) and sialyl SSEA-1 (SLX) were assayed with radioimmunoassay kits. Cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values for the tumour markers in serum, except for SCC, exceeded cut-off values in some PAP patients. Levels of the markers were higher in BALF compared with those in serum, and were significantly elevated in PAP patients compared with control subjects. There was a significant inverse correlation between CA19-9 level in BALF and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in PAP patients. A gradual elevation of CA19-9 and SLX was observed in a patient who showed a decrease in PaO2 level during the study period. In the light of these findings, it is possible that levels of tumour markers in BALF, especially levels of CA19-9 and SLX, may reflect the severity of the disease in PAP patients.
Strongyloides hyperinfection diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage in a university medical center in South America. Cases report
Authors: Liliana Fernandez, Alejandro Gonzalez, Luz Sua, Marisol Badiel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of oportunistic infections, Strongyloides hyperinfection is one of them and can be diagnosed with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).  Aim  We described clinical characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patientes with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection (SSH).  Patients and methods  Between 2001 -2012, nine consecutive cases of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection with positive bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed.  Results  Most frequently SSH was presented in men (8/9) mean age was 51 years. All patients had previous immunosupresive states: HIV (2/9), steroids use for different reasons (heart trasplant, lupus nephritis, chemoteraphy) in 3/9 cases, desnutrition (3/9) and Good Syndrome (thymoma and immunodeficiency) in 1/9 patients, additionally 2/9 patients were positive for HTLV-1 antibodies. Eosinophilia was absent in all cases. The symptoms were dyspnea (55%), diarrhea (44%), abdominal pain (33%), cough (22%), emesis (22%) and weight loss (22%). Most common radiographic presentation was mixed bilateral infiltrates (77%), 6/9 patients required mechanical ventilation. All patients were treated with ivermectin and broad spectrum antibiotics to cover gram negative bacterias (33% had positive cultures). The intrahospitalary mortality remains high (55%) despite of the management.  Conclusion  SSH presents in immunocompromised patients, the BAL is a useful tool in the diagnosis and allows early treatment for this severe infection. In countries where infection by parasites is endemic, should be high suspect.
Sex Differences in the Striatal Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptor Binding Characteristics in Vivo
Authors: Tiina Pohjalainen, Juha O. Rinne, Kjell Någren, Erkka SyvÄlahti, Jarmo Hietala
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The authors investigated whether striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics in vivo are similar in men and women and whether there are sex-related differences in the decline in D2 receptor density due to aging.Striatal D2 receptor density (Bmax), affinity (Kd), and binding potential (Bmax/Kd) were measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride in 54 healthy subjects (33 men and 21 women).Women had generally lower D2 receptor affinity than men, and this difference was statistically significant in the left striatum. Bmax and Bmax/Kd tended to decline with age twice as fast in men as in women, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.These results confirm the age-related reduction of D2 receptor density and binding potential in both sexes in vivo. The lower D2 receptor affinity suggests an increased endogenous striatal dopamine concentration in women. This may have implications for the differential vulnerability of men and women to psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and alcohol and substance dependence.
A Review of Opportunities to Improve the Health of People Involved in the Criminal Justice System in the United States
Authors: Nicholas Freudenberg, Daliah Heller
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

In the past decade, many constituencies have questioned the efficacy, cost, and unintended consequences of mass incarceration in the United States. Although substantial evidence now demonstrates that US incarceration policies have had unintended adverse health consequences, we know less about the strategies and policies that can prevent or reduce these problems for justice-involved individuals and how the criminal justice system (CJS) can contribute to the Healthy People 2020 national goal of eliminating inequities in health. This review examines strategies that have been used to improve the health of people at various stages of CJS involvement, including diversion from jail and prison stays into community settings, improvements to the social and physical environments within correctional facilities, provision of health and other services to inmates, assistance for people leaving correctional facilities to make the transition back to the community, and systems coordination and integration.
Reaction of Nitrite With Ascorbate and Its Relation to Nitrosamine Formation2
Authors: Michael C. Archer, Steven R. Tannenbaum, Tsai-Yi Fan, Mark Weisman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Reaction of Nitrite With Ascorbate and Its Relation to Nitrosamine Formation Get access Michael C. Archer, Michael C. Archer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven R. Tannenbaum, Steven R. Tannenbaum Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tsai-Yi Fan, Tsai-Yi Fan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Weisman Mark Weisman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 5, May 1975, Pages 1203–1205, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.5.1203 Published: 01 May 1975 Article history Received: 06 November 1974 Accepted: 31 January 1975 Published: 01 May 1975
Relationship between phenotypic characteristics of children with sickle cell disease and airway nitric oxide levels
Authors: Glenda Bendiak, Dimas Mateos-Corral, Anwar Sallam, Hartmut Grasemann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have evidence of airflow limitation on spirometry, and evidence for increased airway nitric oxide (NO) levels.  Objective: To determine the relationship between phenotypic characteristics (atopy, asthma, acute chest syndrome (ACS), pulmonary function test abnormalities) and airway NO levels in children with SCD.  Methods: Children with SCD were recruited during visits for routine annual pulmonary function testing. Subjects completed ISAAC/medical questionnaires, skin prick testing for aeroallergen sensitization, and pulmonary function testing. Nasal (NNO) and the fraction of exhaled NO (FENO) were measured. Subjects were classified by phenotypic characteristics, and NNO and FENO compared between groups, using Mann-Whitney tests.  Results: 154 children participated. Seventy-six (49%) were male. Mean(±SD) age was 12.6±3.3 years. Hemoglobin levels were 96.0±18.3 g/L. FVC, FEV 1 , and FEF 25-75  were 86.7±14.0, 84.7±15.0, and 84.4±30.0 percent predicted, respectively. NNO and FENO were 890±387 and 17.9±15.9 ppb.  Eighty (52%) subjects were atopic. Thirteen (8%) subjects taking asthma medication, and 38 (25%) with an asthma diagnosis or wheezing, were classified as asthmatic. Twenty (13%) subjects had a significant bronchodilator response (≥12%) in FEV 1  or FVC. Seventy-three (47%) subjects reported previous ACS or pneumonia. No significant differences were seen in NNO or FENO between any groups compared.  Conclusions: Airway NO measurements did not correlate with any of the phenotypic characteristics evaluated in this cohort of children with SCD, and therefore may not be a meaningful tool in the assessment of SCD lung disease.
Awareness of Illness and Subjective Experience of Cognitive Complaints in Patients With Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder
Authors: Stefano Pallanti, Leonardo Quercioli, Adolfo Pazzagli, Alessandro Rossi, Liliana Dell’Osso, Stefano Pini, Giovanni Battista Cassano
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The authors' goal was to investigate the awareness of illness and subjective cognitive complaints of patients with either bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder during a phase of clinical stabilization.They used a structured clinical interview, the Frankfurt Complaints Questionnaire, to determine subjective cognitive complaints, and the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder to assess 57 consecutively enrolled patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.Patients with bipolar II disorder had significantly less insight and a higher level of subjective complaints of stimulus overload than patients with bipolar I disorder.These results suggest that a severe deficit in self-awareness may constitute a distinguishing psychopathological characteristic of patients with bipolar II disorder. Further studies are required to determine if there are associated neuropsychological dysfunctions.
Statin-Induced Myopathy Is Associated with Mitochondrial Complex III Inhibition
Authors: Tom J.J. Schirris, G. Herma Renkema, Tina Ritschel, Nicol C. Voermans, Albert Bilos, Baziel G.M. van Engelen, Ulrich Brandt, Werner J.H. Koopman, Julien D. Beyrath, Richard J. Rodenburg, Peter H.G.M. Willems, Jan A.M. Smeitink, Frans G.M. Russel
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)