tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased ferritin gene expression in atherosclerotic lesions.
Authors: J H Pang, M J Jiang, Y L Chen, F W Wang, D L Wang, S H Chu, L Y Chau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To identify genes potentially implicated in atherogenesis, a cDNA library was constructed from human atherosclerotic aorta and differentially screened with 32P-labeled-cDNAs prepared from human normal and atherosclerotic aortas. Two cDNA clones exhibiting higher hybridization to the 32P-labeled cDNAs from atherosclerotic vessels were isolated and identified to be genes encoding L-ferritin and H-ferritin, respectively. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the expression of both ferritin genes was notably higher in human and rabbit atherosclerotic aortas than in their normal counterparts. A time-course study illustrated that both L- and H-ferritin mRNAs were markedly increased in aortas of rabbits after feeding with a high cholesterol diet for 6 wk, which was also the time period after which the formation of lesions became evident. In situ hybridization revealed that both L- and H-ferritin mRNAs were induced in endothelial cells and macrophages of human early lesions. The signals were also detected in the smooth muscle cells of advanced lesions. Immunostaining further identified the presence of ferritin protein in atherosclerotic lesions. On the other hand, Prussian blue stain revealed the presence of iron deposits in advanced lesions but not in early human or rabbit lesions. Further experiments with cultured human monocytic THP-1 cells and aortic smooth muscle cells demonstrated that ferritin mRNAs were subjected to up-regulation by treatment with IL-1 or TNF, while TGF, PDGF, and oxidized LDL did not affect the expression of either ferritin gene in both cell lines. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrate that ferritin genes are susceptible to induction in the course of plaque formation.
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy compared with standard four-quadrant biopsy for evaluation of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: M. Bajbouj, M. Vieth, T. Rösch, S. Miehlke, V. Becker, M. Anders, H. Pohl, A. Madisch, T. Schuster, R. Schmid, A. Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus includes endoscopic inspection with biopsy of suspicious lesions followed by four-quadrant biopsy of the remaining mucosa. We assessed the ability of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) to replace biopsy in the endoscopic evaluation of patients with Barrett's esophagus in a prospective and controlled setting.
Prothrombin mutant, factor V Leiden, and thermolabile variant of methylenetetrahidrofolate reductase among patients with sickle cell disease in Brazil
Authors: Fernanda L. Andrade, Joyce M. Annichino‐Bizzacchi, Sara T. O. Saad, Fernando F. Costa, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The prevalence of the prothrombin gene variant (allele 20.210 A), factor V Leiden mutation, and homozygosity for transition 677C-->T in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was determined among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The group included 73 patients with median age of 32.3 years with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia in 53 patients, hemoglobinopathy SC in 16 patients, and four with S/beta(0) thalassemia. Vascular complications such as ischemic stroke or deep vein thrombosis were diagnosed in nine patients. Heterozygosity for the prothrombin gene variant or factor V Leiden mutation was identified in four patients. However, only one patient, who developed ischemic stroke, was identified as a carrier of factor V Leiden mutation. None of the patients presented homozygosity for the thermolabile variant of the MTHFR. These data suggest a low clinical impact of inherited hypercoagulability risk factors in developing thrombosis, occlusive stroke, or mortality data among patients with SCD in Brazil.
Landmark article July 8, 1939. An unusual case of intra-group agglutination. By Philip Levine and Rufus E Stetson
Authors: P. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This report deals with a rare property in the blood of a patient whose serum showed an iso-agglutinin of moderate activity, which agglutinated about 80 per cent of the bloods of her own group. In view of the fact that this agglutinin tended to disappear after an interval of several months and the fact that this agglutinin gave an equally strong reaction at 37 and 20 C., it would seem to resemble agglutinins resulting from iso-immunization following repeated transfusions. This phenomenon is readily reproduced in some species (cattle, chickens, rabbits), by several repeated transfusions, but in the case of man only two clearcut instances of such iso-immunization to cellular elements are described in the literature.<sup>1</sup>The case to be described differs from these in that the immune iso-agglutinin must have been stimulated by a factor other than repeated transfusion. The nature of this factor becomes evident from a summary of
Interferons: Potential Problems-Reply
Authors: Samuel Baron
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Drs Cribb, Renton, and Armstrong's point that interferon may suppress hepatic cytochrome P-450—dependent drug metabolism and that this interaction may increase the possibility of adverse drug events in patients treated with interferon. Since submission of our review, another possible adverse result of interferon therapy has also been reported: the development of autoimmunity (eg, antinuclear antibodies and autoimmune thyroid disease).<sup>1</sup>Therefore, patients receiving interferon therapy should be monitored for development of autoantibodies, and interferon should be used only with great caution in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases.
Pensions on Retirement
Authors: F. B. Shevlin
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Primary astrocyte cultures prepared from the cerebral cortices of neonatal rats showed significant accumulation of serotonin (5- hydroxytryptamine; [3H]-5-HT). At concentrations in the range of 0.01 to 0.7 microM [3H]-5-HT, this uptake was 50 to 85% Na+ dependent and gave a Km of 0.40 +/- 0.11 microM [3H]-5-HT and a Vmax of 6.42 +/- 0.85 (+/- SEM) pmol of [3H]-5-HT/mg of protein/4 min for the Na+-dependent component. In the absence of Na+ the uptake was nonsaturable. Omission of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline markedly reduced the Na+- dependent component of [3H]-5-HT uptake but had a negligible effect on the Na+-independent component. This suggest significant oxidative deamination of serotonin after it has been taken up by the high affinity system, followed by release of its metabolite. We estimated that this system enabled the cells to concentrate [3H]-5-HT up to 44- fold at an external [3H]-5-HT concentration of 10(-7) M. Inhibition of [3H]-5-HT uptake by a number of clinically effective antidepressants was also consistent with a specific high affinity uptake mechanism for 5-HT, the order of effectiveness of inhibition being chlorimipramine greater than fluoxetine greater than imipramine = amitriptyline greater than desmethylimipramine greater than iprindole greater than mianserin. Uptake of [3H]-5-HT was dependent on the presence of Cl- as well as Na+ in the medium, and the effect of omission of both ions was nonadditive. Varying the concentration of K+ in the media from 1 to 50 mM had a limited effect on [3H]-5-HT uptake.
Vertebrate DNA Transposon as a Natural Mutator: The Medaka Fish Tol2 Element Contributes to Genetic Variation without Recognizable Traces
Authors: A. Koga
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

DNA-based transposable elements, or DNA transposons, transpose in a cut-and-paste fashion, involving excision from the chromosome. If this process affects the function of a host gene and the excision rate is high, any gene associated with such an element would clearly be in a genetically "unstable" state, and there are many examples of unstable genes in various organisms. However, none have hitherto been reported in vertebrates. We here document the finding of an unstable mutant gene in the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, a useful model animal for vertebrate genetics and evolutionary studies. In an inbred strain, excision of the Tol2 element inserted in a pigmentation gene occurs spontaneously, giving rise to different heritable phenotypes and new mutant genes that carry different excision footprint sequences. The phenotypic mutation rate is as high as 2% per gamete, representing a 1000-fold increase from spontaneous mutation rates so far determined with the same organism. With mutations caused by insertion, and then excision, of transposons, one can no longer recognize participation of transposons in their generation. Thus, the impact of DNA transposons on vertebrate genomes may be, and may have been, larger than commonly supposed.
Risk Stratification After Acute Myocardial Infarction by Heart Rate Turbulence
Authors: Petra Barthel, Raphael Schneider, Axel Bauer, Kurt Ulm, Claus Schmitt, Albert Schömig, Georg Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Retrospective postinfarction studies revealed that decreased heart rate turbulence (HRT) indicates increased risk for subsequent death. This is the first prospective study to validate HRT in a large cohort of the reperfusion era. Methods and Results— One thousand four hundred fifty-five survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (age &lt;76 years) in sinus rhythm were enrolled. HRT onset (TO) and slope (TS) were calculated from Holter records. Patients were classified into the following HRT categories: category 0 if both TO and TS were normal, category 1 if either TO or TS was abnormal, or category 2 if both TO and TS were abnormal. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. During a follow-up of 22 months, 70 patients died. Multivariately, HRT category 2 was the strongest predictor of death (hazard ratio, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.9 to 12.2), followed by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤30% (4.5; 2.6 to 7.8), diabetes mellitus (2.5; 1.6 to 4.1), age ≥65 years (2.4; 1.5 to 3.9), and HRT category 1 (2.4; 1.2 to 4.9). LVEF ≤30% had a sensitivity of 27% at a positive predictive accuracy level of 23%. The combined criteria of LVEF ≤30%, HRT category 2 or LVEF &gt;30%, age ≥65 years, diabetes mellitus, and HRT category 2 had a sensitivity of 24% at a positive predictive accuracy level of 37%. The combined criteria of LVEF ≤30% or LVEF &gt;30%, age ≥65 years, diabetes mellitus, and HRT category 1 or 2 had a sensitivity of 44% at a positive predictive accuracy level of 23%. Conclusions— HRT is a strong predictor of subsequent death in postinfarction patients of the reperfusion era.
Retrospective audit of different antenatal screening policies for Down's syndrome in eight district general hospitals in one health region
Authors: D. Wellesley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<b>Objective</b>: To compare the effectiveness of different screening policies for the antenatal detection of Down9s syndrome. <b>Design</b>: Retrospective six year survey. <b>Setting</b>: Maternity units of eight districts. <b>Participants</b>: Women who completed their pregnancies between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1999 (155 501 deliveries). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Cases of Down9s syndrome identified before 24 weeks9 gestation. <b>Results</b>: 335 cases of Down9s syndrome were identified, 323 in continuing pregnancies or liveborn children. Of these, 171 were identified antenatally. Seven different screening policies were used, in three principal groups: serum screening offered to all mothers, maternal age with serum screening or nuchal translucency available to limited groups, and maternal age combined with anomaly scans. The districts that used serum screening detected 57%, those using maternal age plus serum or nuchal translucency screening 52%, and those using a maternal age of 35 and anomaly scans detected 54%. The least successful district, which offered amniocentesis only to women aged over 37 years, detected only 31%. If amniocentesis had been offered from 35 years, as in all other districts, the detection rate would have risen to 54%. Across the region 15% (range 12-20%) of pregnant women were 35 years or more at delivery, and 58% (33-69%) of infants with Down9s syndrome were born to women in this age range. <b>Conclusions</b>: Current additional serum or nuchal translucency screening techniques for antenatal detection of Down9s syndrome are less advantageous than previously supposed. More pregnant women were aged over 35 than has been presumed in statistical models used in demonstration projects of serum screening and, as a result, the proportion of affected fetuses in this age group is much greater than predicted.
Mast cells infiltrate the esophageal smooth muscle in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, express TGF-β1, and increase esophageal smooth muscle contraction
Authors: Seema S. Aceves, Diana Chen, Robert O. Newbury, Ranjan Dohil, John F. Bastian, David H. Broide
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Familial language impairment: The evidence
Authors: Myrna Gopnik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Müller argues that general cognitive skills and linguistic skills are not necessarily independent. However, cross-linguistic evidence from an inherited specific language disorder affecting productive rules suggests significant degrees of modularity, innateness, and universality of language. Confident claims about the overall nature of such a complex system still await more interdisciplinary research.
Sleeping Beauty: Memorial Photography in America
Authors: Richard E. Peschel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

On many levels, this is a remarkable book. Its main focus is a chronological selection of 76 postmortem photographs taken from 1840 through 1930. Many of these reach the stature of high art. Our personal favorite is the anonymous daguerreotype from circa 1842 entitled "Father With Daughter" (No. 13 in this collection). It conveys the family tragedy of early childhood death, a phenomenon so common in the United States in the mid-19th century that in some communities the rate of survival of children to age 10 years was less than 50%. The picture emphasizes that death at that time most often occurred in the home, instead of in a hospital, and that the grieving process was far more personal and intimate. It thus illustrates how dramatically our culture has changed its relationship with death and dying. Another poignant picture is "Died From Scarlet Fever" (No. 52), by Maynard Gates. This
ATRIAL PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: A LONG TERM STUDY IN OVINE CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Dennis H. Lau, Angelo Carbone, Peter J. Psaltis, Lorraine Mackenzie, Robert Metcalf, Pawel Kuklik, Christopher X. Wong, Adam J. Nelson, Anthony G. Brooks, David A. Saint, Michael J. James, Glenn D. Young, Stephen G. Worthley, Prashanthan Sanders
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Public health in London
Authors: S S Bakhshi
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<b>Objectives:</b> To conduct a detailed analysis of preseason football injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons. <b>Methods:</b> Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club’s current injury status. <b>Results:</b> 17% (1025) of the total number of injuries over the two seasons were sustained during the preseason, the mean number of days absent per injury was 22.3 days. Younger age groups (17–25 yrs) were more likely to sustain a preseason injury than more experienced players (26–35+) (p&lt;0.01). There were relatively more “slight” and “minor” injuries (as defined in the methodology), overuse, and tendon related injuries sustained during preseason compared to the in season (p&lt;0.01). The thigh (23%), knee (17%), and ankle (17%) were the most common locations for injuries during the preseason, there was a relatively greater number of lower leg injuries (15%) during the preseason (p&lt;0.05). Achilles tendonitis was most prevalent in the preseason, with 33% of all Achilles related injuries sustained during this period (p&lt;0.01). Muscle strains were the most common injury during preseason (37%). Rectus femoris muscle strains were observed twice as frequently during the preseason relative to the in season (p&lt;0.01). Ligament sprains were the second most common injury during preseason (19%). Non-contact mechanisms were the cause of significantly more injuries during the preseason (p&lt;0.01), with relatively more preseason injuries sustained while running or shooting (p&lt;0.01). For 70% of the injuries reported during the preseason, the ground condition was described as dry. <b>Conclusions:</b> Players are at a greater risk of slight and minor injuries, overuse injuries, lower leg injuries (especially the Achilles tendon) and rectus femoris strains during the preseason period. Prevention of preseason injury is important to ensure availability of players for the commencement of the season and to decrease the risk of injury later in the season, we recommend the implementation of a risk management policy for this purpose. Areas requiring further investigation include methods of prevention for the common preseason injuries that have been identified, a detailed analysis of preseason and closed season training programmes, and a smaller study involving exposure data.
Care of the Surgical Cardiopulmonary Patient
Authors: Paul C. Adkins
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book deals with the prevention, recognition, and management of problems which may occur before and after operations for cardiac or pulmonary disease. The author and nine collaborators have drawn upon their extensive experience to enumerate the many situations which one may face in the management of these patients. The first chapter, of 40 pages, is a detailed discussion of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. The remaining six chapters cover adult and pediatric cardiac patients, general thoracic surgical problems, mechanical ventilation, thoracic trauma, and acute renal failure. Some physiological and biochemical background is presented to provide a better understanding in the recognition and treatment of such problems as cardiac tamponade, low output syndrome, flail chest, and renal failure. Step by step outlines of the recognition and therapeutic management of these and similar problems are given in detail. Appropriately, there is no attempt to discuss operative technique or indications for surgical
Molecular cloning and characterization of recombinant parasite antigens for immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis.
Authors: R Chandrashekar, K Masood, R M Alvarez, A F Ogunrinade, R Lujan, F O Richards, G J Weil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Immunological cross-reactivity among nematodes has hampered the development of specific serodiagnostic assays for onchocerciasis. In the present study, an Onchocerca volvulus adult worm complementary DNA expression library was differentially screened with human sera from patients infected with O. volvulus and with an omnibus anti-nematode serum pool comprised of sera from patients infected with Brugia malayi, Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Dracunculus medinensis. Seven Onchocerca-specific clones were identified and screened with individual onchocerciasis patient sera. Additional studies were performed to characterize the most immunoreactive clones, OC 3.6 and OC 9.3. OC 3.6 produced a 152-kD beta-galactosidase fusion protein that was recognized in dot-immunoblots by 54 of 55 sera from onchocerciasis patients (98%). The OC 3.6 DNA insert is 996 bp long with an open reading frame of 627 bp and a 369-bp untranslated 3' end. OC 3.6 is closely related to a previously reported clone (OV 33-3), but it differs from that clone at both the 5' and 3' ends. OC 9.3 contained a novel 565-bp insert and produced a 138-kD fusion protein that was recognized by 46 of 55 sera from onchocerciasis patients (83%). Additional studies are in progress to develop and evaluate immunodiagnostic tests for onchocerciasis based on measurement of antibodies to these promising recombinant antigens.
The Extent of the Poliomyelitis Problem
Authors: E. Russel Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PATTERN of occurrence of poliomyelitis in the United States has changed. In each succeeding year this change has become better defined. The disease is now concentrated among the unimmunized population, which we have failed to reach while we have all shared in the most intensive campaign of vaccination in the history of the United States. The residual pattern of disease represents a measure of our failure to apply vaccine completely enough. The following remarks will attempt to summarize briefly our present status. The data to be presented are largely those collected by the Poliomyelitis Surveillance Unit of the Communicable Disease Center. <h3>Morbidity Trends</h3> Figure 1 shows the annual poliomyelitis incidence rates for the period 1935-1960. After the peak period 1950-54, a downward trend began in 1955 and was continued through 1957, associated with increasing use of Salk vaccine. Although this trend was halted and reversed in 1958 and 1959,
4e Congrès de la Fédération internationale du diabète, Genève, 10-14 juillet 1961; proceedings. Volumes I and II
Authors: Jurgen Steinke
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In July, 1961, the fourth congress of the International Diabetes Federation was held in Geneva. Attended by approximately 1,000 physicians and 500 lay members, over 200 scientific papers were read in 4 days in several simultaneous sessions. These 2 volumes contain the proceedings of the meeting in either English, German, or French, with summaries mostly in English, and very often a short bibliography. As the proceedings were generally submitted by the authors after the meeting, this probably represents one of the most up-to-date sources of information on diabetes. The bibliographies of individual papers include titles up to September, 1961. There is an author index and a detailed subject index arranged according to major headings, with authors and titles of the papers in the original language. The inaugural conference was given by Dr. C. H. Best on the subject "Comparison of experimental and clinical diabetes." This is followed by 11 chapters,
Bacterial Endocarditis Due to a Penicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus
Authors: Thomas D. Johnson, J. Willis Hurst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE following report of a patient with staphylococcal endocarditis is presented to illustrate the difficulties encountered in the treatment of this disease and to describe the use of large amounts of erythromycin, which appeared of benefit in achieving a cure.R.B.B., a 3-year-old boy, with a defect of the intraventricular septum, became acutely ill on October 29, 1953, with malaise, anorexia, chill and high fever. A small penile ulcer had been noted several days previously. He was given chlortetracycline at home but continued to have recurrent bouts of chills and fever when he was admitted to the hospital on November . . .
Comparison of oestradiol and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the unfavourable cervix
Authors: D. Hutchon
Journal: BMJ (1981)

number of patients going into labour following cervical ripening.Twelve of the 25 patients treated with PGE2 went into labour but only one of the oestradiol group did so (p = 0-0005).This lack of uterine stimulation may make oestradiol pretreatment preferable where placental function is suspect.Although the vaginal application may be more convenient than the extra-amniotic route, the high caesarean section rate reported (23% and 27%) by Mr Tromans and his col- leagues may make further studies on the best route of application worth while as the caesa- rean section rates in my series were 8% and 12%.Insertion of a Foley catheter may change the shape of the cervix.2In a study comparing routes of administration of PGE2 to ripen the cervix, Toplis and Sims3 found that the inci- dence of caesarean section following 3 mg vaginal paste was 15% compared with only 5% for 500 Cug given extra-amniotically.