tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why do we have Apocrine and Sebaceous Glands?
Authors: Edward S Williams
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

May I add to Dr Porter's fascinating hypothesis (May 2001 JRSM, pp. 236-237)? He draws attention to the non-thermal sweating of the palms and mentions that ‘strangely’ palmar sweating is prompted by anxiety. Imagine the long-running hunter bringing the quarry to bay and the ‘fight’ reaction setting in: a rapid rise in circulating adrenalin and the now moist palms giving a better grip on whatever weapon is in use; and in the event of counter-attack these sweaty palms also giving a better grip on, say, tree branches used for escape.

That moist palms are better grippers was well known to manual workers of an earlier generation who would often be seen to spit on their hands before grasping a sledge hammer, road breakers' pick or similar heavy hand tool.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Reduces Surgical Mediastinal Staging in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kurt G. Tournoy, Frederic De Ryck, Lieve R. Vanwalleghem, Frank Vermassen, Marleen Praet, Joachim G. Aerts, Georges Van Maele, Jan P. van Meerbeeck
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Assessment of mediastinal lymph nodes is recommended in patients with non-small cell lung cancer without distant metastases. Linear transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound with real-time guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a promising, nonsurgical tool for mediastinal staging.We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing surgical staging with EUS-FNA.Patients with proven or suspected non-small cell lung cancer in whom mediastinal exploration was required were randomly assigned to undergo EUS-FNA or the appropriate surgical staging procedure. When EUS-FNA did not show malignant lymph node invasion, a confirmatory surgical staging procedure was done. A negative surgical staging procedure was followed by thoracotomy with systematic lymph node sampling. The primary endpoint was the rate of surgical staging interventions. The secondary endpoints were test performance of EUS-FNA and surgical staging, morbidity, and length of hospital stay, considering surgical staging was performed as an in-patient procedure.A total of 40 patients were randomized: 19 to EUS-FNA, and 21 to surgical mediastinal staging. Patient and tumor characteristics were well balanced between both groups. For patients allocated to EUS-FNA, surgical staging was needed in 32% (P < 0.001). The sensitivity to detect malignant lymph node invasion was 93% (95% confidence interval, 66-99%) for EUS-FNA and 73% (95% confidence interval, 39-93%) for surgical staging (P = 0.29). Complication rate was 0% for EUS-FNA and 5% for surgical staging (P = 1.0). The median hospital stay was significantly shorter for EUS-FNA than for surgical staging (0 vs. 2 nights; P < 0.001).EUS-FNA reduces the need for surgical staging procedures in patients with (suspected) lung cancer in whom a mediastinal exploration is needed.
Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine in Refractory Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Lawrence H. Einhorn, Michael J. Stender, Stephen D. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: This phase II study was designed to determine the toxicity and activity of single-agent gemcitabine in heavily pretreated patients with germ cell tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1996 through November 1997, 21 patients were enrolled onto a phase II study of gemcitabine 1,200 mg/m 2 , given on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. One patient was unassessable because he never received any gemcitabine. Thirteen of 20 patients had received three prior regimens, and 13 patients were platinum refractory (progression during or within 4 weeks of platinum treatment). There were five extragonadal cases and two patients with late relapse (relapse beyond 2 years). RESULTS: Gemcitabine was well tolerated. Only one patient had grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity (grade 3 nausea). Six of 20 patients had grade 3 leukopenia. There were no episodes of granulocytopenic fever, and no patient required platelet transfusion. Three (15%) of 20 patients achieved an objective response, including one complete remission. Three additional patients had a minor radiographic or serologic response. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine had definite activity in this heavily pretreated germ cell tumor patient population.
Reference equation for the two-minute walk test in healthy adults and the elderly
Authors: Anderson Alves de Camargo, Jessyca Pachi Rodrigues Selman, Jenifer dos Santos, Larissa Alves Veloso Sobrinho, Jaksoel Cunha Silva, Fernanda Cordoba Lanza, Simone Dal Corso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: The two-minute walk test (2MWT) has been used for evaluating the functional capacity of subjects with cardiopulmonary diseases, but there is no reference equation for predicting the distance walked in this test. Objective: To establish a reference equation for predicting the distance walked in the 2MWT. Methods: This study consisted of two parts. To establish the reference equation, 390 subjects (183 male, aged 18–89 years, FEV1 101±13% pred) performed two 2MWTs, 30 min apart. The greatest distance walked was used for the prediction model. The independent variables included for predicting the distance walked were age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). The second part consisted of the prospective application of the reference equation to 70 subjects (35 male, 54±20 yrs, FEV1 99±13% pred) who performed the 2MWT. Results: The walked distance (WD) was quite similar between the two 2MWTs (203±35 m vs 206±36 m), despite being statistically different (p<0.0001). The WD correlated with age (r= -0.65), weight (r= 0.24), and height (r= 0.41) (p<0.001 for all), but not with BMI. The reference equation was: 2MWT = 252.431 – (1.165 x age) + (19.992 x gender) (male = 1 and female = 0) (R2= 0.50; p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the actual WD in the 2MWT and the distance predicted by the reference equation (198±22 m vs 200±26 m; p = 0.046) (mean bias = -1.48 m [95% limits of agreement: -31.7m– 34.6m]). Conclusion: This reference equation can be used as a reference to determine the percentage of the predicted walked distance in the 2MWT by subjects with various diseases.
Logging<i>The BMJ</i>’s “patient journey”
Authors: Tessa Richards, Rosamund Snow, Sara Schroter
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Big changes, big challenges, much learning, and encouraging progress

Recognising the crucial role of patients in tackling “corruption in the mission of healthcare,” two years ago The BMJ set up an international patient advisory panel to help us develop a strategy to promote patient partnership.1 We figured that “walking the talk” in our own editorial processes was the best way to advance change.

We launched our strategy last June, and its development is charted on thebmj.com (www.bmj.com/campaign/patient-partnership).2 At a recent meeting with our patient panel we agreed that our annual report card should read, “Good start, but more work is needed.”

This was predictable. Patients and health professionals know all too well that while it’s easy to make token gestures, it’s hugely challenging to achieve genuine partnership, whether in policy making, clinical practice, service delivery, or research.3 But as with any worthwhile challenge, it’s taught us a lot. The BMJ editorial staff, and the authors that they work with, have struggled to respond to the changes we have set in motion. But as processes have changed, so too have mindsets. The close relationships we have developed with members of …
O-018 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with chemotherapy for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRC LM): Long-term survival results of a randomised phase II study of the EORTC-NCRI CCSG-ALM Intergroup 40004 (CLOCC)
Authors: T. Ruers, C.J.A. Punt, F. van Coevorden, J.-P. Pierie, I. Borel Rinkes, J. Ledermann, G. Poston, W. Bechstein, M.-A. Lentz, M. Mauer, E. Van Cutsem, M. Lutz, B. Nordlinger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
It’s never too late to save a photoreceptor
Authors: James B. Hurley, Jennifer R. Chao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Recent gene therapy progress has raised the possibility that vision loss caused by inherited retinal degeneration can be slowed or prevented. Unfortunately, patients are not usually diagnosed until enough degeneration has occurred that the deterioration in vision is noticeable. Therefore, effective gene therapy must halt degeneration to stabilize and preserve any remaining vision. Gene therapy methods currently in human clinical trials rely on subretinal or intravitreal injections of adeno-associated virus to deliver the therapeutic gene. To date, long-term results in patients treated with subretinal injections for Leber congenital amaurosis have been mixed. Proposed limitations include variability in the gene delivery method and a possible point of no return, at which treatment would be ineffective. In this issue of the JCI, Koch et al. describe a well-controlled and precise mouse model for testing the ability of gene therapy to halt the progress of degeneration. Instead of viral-mediated therapeutic gene delivery, the authors induced expression of an integrated transgene at specific times during the course of photoreceptor degeneration. In Pde6b-deficient retina, this strategy halted degeneration, even when more than 70% of photoreceptors had already degenerated. The results of this study demonstrate that retinal degeneration can be stopped, even at late stages of disease.
Phase II pilot study of biweekly cisplatin and gemcitabine in multi-refractory ovarian cancer
Authors: G. Sutton, W. Fisher, S. Rivers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16065 Background: Preclinical data suggest the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine may have synergy in inhibiting ovarian cancer growth in vitro. Clinical trials in breast cancer support the use of biweekly gemcitabine. A pilot trial of biweekly cisplatin and gemcitabine in multi-refractory ovarian cancer was undertaken. Methods: This was a single-stage phase II pilot trial. Eligible patients had platinum-resistant, multidrug-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer with CA125 levels exceeding 90 units/ml and acceptable renal, hepatic, and bone marrow function. Cisplatin 30 mg/m2 IV and gemcitabine 800–1000 mg/m2 IV were given biweekly (d1, 15) and CA125 levles monitored. Toxicity was monitored before each course and graded by NCI-CTC. Responses were measured using Rustin's criteria (JCO 15:172,1997). Treatment was continued until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity supervened. Results: Eleven patients aged 30–71 years (median 58 years) with advanced ovarian cancer received cisplatin and gemcitabine. They had been treated with from 1 to 7 (mean 3.9) previous chemotherapy regimens. A total of 85 course (mean 7.7 courses/patient) were administered, Toxicity included CTC grade 2 anemia in 3 patients and one case each of grade 2 and grade 4 neutropenia without fever. No patients experienced exacerbation of pre-existing peripheral neuropathy. Two patients had stable disease of 3 months or greater duration, four (36%) had complete responses (CA125 decrease &gt; or = to 75% baseline), and the remainder had progressive disease. Conclusions: Biweekly cisplatin and gemcitabine is an active combination in patients with refractory ovarian cancer. Limited toxicity and ease of administration suggest a role for this combination in consolidation therapy. [Table: see text]
Predictive Biomarkers in Advance of a Companion Drug: Ahead of Their Time?
Authors: Robin K. Kelley, Chloe Atreya, Alan P. Venook, Phillip G. Febbo
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Because of a surge in molecular testing capabilities concurrent with the rising numbers of targeted therapies in clinical development, the commercial use of predictive biomarkers before clinical validation is available is a topic of growing relevance to medical oncologists. Increasingly, patients will present questions about, requests for, and results from commercial biomarker tests for their oncologists to address. The sheer numbers of tests reaching the market, along with forecasted American Medical Association reforms in current procedural terminology coding and increasing FDA oversight of in vitro companion diagnostic device development, are likely to draw intense scrutiny to the regulation of commercial molecular testing in the near future, which will also require clinicians to remain abreast of the level of clinical validation of the biomarker tests available in practice. In addition to the direct risks of novel biomarker testing, including financial cost and ethical issues, the indirect risks encompass those associated with any clinical decision based on the biomarker test results. A great need exists for comprehensive and dynamic practice guidelines for all types of biomarker testing according to tumor type.
Effects of add-on omalizumab therapy on airway wall thickening in severe persistent asthma
Authors: Makoto Hoshino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Omalizumab has an important role in inhibiting the allergic inflammation, and it could possibly contribute to decreased airway remodeling in patients with asthma.   Aims and objectives:  The aim of the study is to assess the effects of omalizumab on airway wall thickening using computed tomography (CT).   Methods:  Twenty-eight patients with severe asthma were randomized to treat with conventional therapy with (n = 13) or without omalizumab (n = 15) for 16 weeks. Airway dimensions were assessed by CT, and wall area corrected for body surface area (WA/BSA), percentage wall area (WA%), wall thickness (T)/√BSA at the right apical segmental bronchus were measured before and after treatment. The percentage of eosinophils in induced sputum, pulmonary function, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were also measured.   Results:  Treatment with omalizumab significantly decreased WA/BSA, WA% and T/√BSA (p 1 ), morning expiratory peak flow and the AQLQ score. The changes in FEV 1 % predicted and sputum eosinophils were significantly correlated with changes in WA% (r=0.88, p   Conclusions:  These findings suggest that omalizumab reduced wall thickness and airway inflammation.
Abstract 9651: The Role of Instruction for Use in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Report From National Hospital Organization Network Study in Japan
Authors: Nobuhiro Handa, Toshihiro Onohara, Minoru Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Yasushi Shimoe, Masahiro Okada, Toshiki Takahashi, Masafumi Yamashita, Yoshimitsu Ishibashi, Mikizou Nakai, Hitoshi Suhara, Fuminari Kasashima, Masamitsu Endo, Takeshi Nishina, Tadashi Furuyama, Jyunichi Kei, Akihiro Mizuno, Yoichirou Ueno
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Recent reports regarding a high incidence of aneurysm sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm focused on if strict adhesion to instruction for use (IFU) is essential. A total of 277 consecutive pts (male gender 84%, age: 77±7) who had EVAR with commercial devices at 10 national medical centers in Japan between July 2007 and September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Three devices were used (Zenith n=139, Excluder n=118. Powerlink n=19). Groups consisted of within IFU (WIFU) in 185 pts and beyond it (BIFU) in 92 pts. Mean age was similar between groups (77±7 vs 78±7). Female gender and hostile abdomen was more common and Physiological status of American Society of Anesthesiology was more advanced in BIFU. Anatomical feature in BIFU included angulated neck (n=23), short distal landing zone (n=20), short neck (n=13) bilateral iliac aneurysm (n=12) and access problem (n=10). No cases with proximal neck diameter more than 28mm were treated. Results: In-hospital mortality was one case in each group. Patients in BIFU required longer procedure time and more blood transfusion than in WIFU. Endoleaks were observed in 72 patients (type I: WIFU vs BIFU =4 vs 5, type II: 37 vs 16, type III, 0 vs 4, type IV: 5 vs 1). Early morbidity included delayed wound healing or infection (n=8: 5 vs 3), deterioration of renal dysfunction (n=7: 5 vs 2), and stroke (n=3: 1 vs 2). Endoleaks, either type I or III was increased in BIFU, compared with WIFU. Fifteen late deaths during total follow-up term of 305 patient-year included two unknown causes and seven cardiovascular deaths. The survival rates freedom from all cause death at one year were 94.9±1.9% for WIFU and 94.8±2.6% for BIFU (P=0.318). The survival rates freedom from cardiovascular death and from aneurysm related death at one year were 97.8±1.3% and 94.8±2.6% (P=0.039), and 98.8±0.9% and 97.2±2.0%, (P=0.117) respectively. Of 13 endoleaks of either type I or III, eleven endoleaks were disappeared within 6 months, and two cases required re-intervention. Conclusion: In the Japanese multicenter study, the early outcomes of EVAR in BIFU were satisfactory. It may be explained by the two reasons that recent generation of devices was used in all cases and that the proximal neck size in IFU was kept strictly.
Myeloablative radiochemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell rescue in poor-prognosis Ewing's sarcoma.
Authors: S Burdach, H Jürgens, C Peters, W Nürnberger, C Mauz-Körholz, D Körholz, M Paulussen, H Pape, D Dilloo, E Koscielniak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE The prognosis of patients with multifocal primary and early or multiple relapsed Ewing's sarcoma is poor with conventional chemoradiotherapy and surgery. We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of a myeloablative regimen administered as consolidation treatment for these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The ablative regimens consisted of simultaneous radiochemotherapy: 12 Gy hyperfractionated total-body irradiation (TBI; two doses of 1.5 Gy for 4 days) plus fractionated high-dose melphalan (30 to 45 mg/m2 for 4 days) followed by high-dose etoposide (40 to 60 mg/kg) with or without carboplatin (900 to 1,500 mg/m2) (hyper-ME +/- C). These regimens were applied in a dose-escalation study that included 17 patients. All patients underwent remission induction chemotherapy and local treatment before myeloablative therapy. Seven patients had multifocal primary Ewing's sarcoma, and 10 had early or multiple relapse. We performed a matched-cohort analysis of the 17 grafted patients with 41 historic controls matched for sex, age, diagnosis, extent of disease, interval from diagnosis to transplant in the transplant group, and interval from diagnosis to relapse in the control group. RESULTS The probability of relapse in the study patients is 52% at 6 years after the last event before transplantation. In the control group, the probability of relapse at 6 years was 98%. Eight of 17 treated patients are alive in complete remission at a median observation time of 49 months (range, 19 to 76) from the last event before transplantation. Probability of relapse-free survival in the study patients is 45% +/- 12% at 6 years after the last event before transplant, compared with 2% +/- 2% for the historic control group. CONCLUSION Myeloblative therapy with hyper-ME +/- C radiochemotherapy can improve the prognosis of multifocal primary and early or multiple relapsing Ewing's sarcoma.
Uranium Mill Tailings and Cancer Mortality in Colorado
Authors: Thomas J. Mason, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Frank W. McKay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A sandlike residue from uranium mills widely used as construction fill material since 1951 in Western Slope counties of Colorado was recently reported to be carcinogenic. We studied county-specific mortality statistics for cancer in Colorado through 1967 and found no trends attributable to this residential exposure to radiation. Continued monitoring of the population for radiation effects is needed.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside and m-AMSA is effective therapy in relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: J D Hines, M M Oken, J J Mazza, A M Keller, R R Streeter, J H Glick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

High-dose cytosine arabinoside ( HDARAC ) and 4'-(9 acridinylamino) methane sulfon -m-anisidine (m-AMSA) was administered as induction therapy to 40 patients with relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with the following results: 28 patients (70%) achieved complete remission, one patient achieved a partial remission; five patients died with hypoplastic bone marrows containing less than 5% blasts; four patients died with hypoplastic marrowing containing greater than 5% blasts; and three patients failed to achieve marrow aplasia and died without significant cytoreduction in percentage of blasts. Consolidation therapy was not used and maintenance therapy was given to less than 10% (three patients) of remission patients. The median duration of remission for all patients was 6.0 months and the median time for the complete remission patients exceeded eight months. This regimen has acceptable toxicity and the results are equivalent to those obtained from conventional induction therapy of de novo ANLL patients.
Cardiovascular Effects of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Pamela B. Morris, Brian A. Ference, Eiman Jahangir, Dmitriy N. Feldman, John J. Ryan, Hossein Bahrami, Mikhael F. El-Chami, Shyam Bhakta, David E. Winchester, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Monica Sanchez Shields, Prakash Deedwania, Laxmi S. Mehta, Binh An P. Phan, Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Spontaneous Immortalization Rate of Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells2
Authors: Paul M. Kraemer, F. Andrew Ray, Arthur R. Brothman, Marty F. Barthoidi, L. Scott Cram
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Spontaneous Immortalization Rate of Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells Get access Paul M. Kraemer, Paul M. Kraemer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Andrew Ray, F. Andrew Ray Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur R. Brothman, Arthur R. Brothman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marty F. Barthoidi, Marty F. Barthoidi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Scott Cram L. Scott Cram Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 4, April 1986, Pages 703–709, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.4.703 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 25 April 1985 Revision received: 26 September 1985 Accepted: 21 November 1985 Published: 01 April 1986
Rezektabl Küçük Hücreli Olmayan Akciğer Kanserli Olgularda Postoperatif Kemoterapiye Karşılık Preoperatif Kemoterapi- Sistematik Gözden Geçirme ve Randomize Çalışmaların Dolaylı Karşılaştırma Meta-Analizi
Authors: Eric Lim, ChB, Frcs, Grace Harris, Mbbs, Amit Patel, Mrcs, Iki Adachi, Lyn Edmonds, Mclip, Fujian Song, BMed, MMed
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)