tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concerns about using and interpreting covert video surveillance Commentary: Covert video surveillance is acceptable---but only with a rigorous protocol
Authors: C. Morley, N. Shabde, A. W Craft
Journal: BMJ (1998)

# Concerns about using and interpreting covert video surveillance {#article-title-2} I have been an expert witness in seven cases in which covert video surveillance has been used. Using such surveillance and interpreting the videos are associated with problems that may not be apparent to those considering referring patients or setting up such surveillance. Covert video surveillance is an infringement of the liberty of the parent and child and should be undertaken only as a last resort—when a group of people has assessed the case and no other way exists to diagnose the child's problem. Surveillance is undertaken when healthcare professionals strongly suspect that a parent is harming a child.1 The parent and child are admitted to a cubicle equipped with secret video cameras and observed closely, often over several days. The monitors are viewed secretly and continuously by observers trained to be suspicious of the parent's actions. If they think the child is being harmed they sound an alarm and someone intervenes. #### Summary points Covert video surveillance can be difficult to interpret; innocent actions taken out of context may be interpreted as harmful The child and parent may be anxious and not behave normally in the circumstances; this may be interpreted as poor parenting The technique of covert video surveillance lacks objective and independent scientific evaluation If videos are used in court the whole recording should be exhibited to show the parents' action over time, and not just the "bad bits" A parent falsely accused may find it difficult to defend himself or herself The observers cannot allow the child to be harmed. If they see something that may lead to an assault they wait only about 25 seconds before intervening. They do this on the assumption that if the action continued, the child would be harmed. This is open to interpretation and speculation. Actions that appeared to me to be … Correspondence to: Professor Craft
Depression spectrum disease, I: The role of gene-environment interaction
Authors: R J Cadoret, G Winokur, D Langbehn, E Troughton, W R Yates, M A Stewart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study used an adoption study design to separate genetic from environmental factors in the etiology of depression spectrum disease, a type of major depression characterized by families in which male relatives are alcoholic and females are depressed. The genetic etiology hypothesis of depression spectrum disease proposes that an alcoholic genetic diathesis predisposes to depression in females but alcoholism, not depression, in males.The study examined 197 adult offspring (95 male and 102 female) of alcoholic biological parents and used logistic regression models to determine the contribution to major depression in male and female adoptees that could be explained by the genetic alcoholic diathesis combined with an environmental factor that was characterized by psychiatrically or behaviorally disturbed adoptive parents.Major depression in females was predicted by an alcoholic diathesis only when combined with the disturbed adoptive parent variable. The same regression model failed to predict depression in males. Other possible environmental confounding factors contributing to an increased chance of depression were found in females: fetal alcohol exposure, age at the time of adoption, and a family with an adopted sibling who had a psychiatric problem. These variables did not diminish the significance of the prediction of depression with the alcohol genetic diathesis and disturbed parent model.The results show that a genetic factor is present for which alcoholism is at least a marker, and which exerts its effect in women as a gene-environment interaction leading to major depression. This finding suggests that an important etiologic factor in depression spectrum disease is gene-environment interaction.
Psychological medicine
Authors: K. Kroenke
Journal: BMJ (2002)

ABC p 1567 

It is becoming increasingly clear that we can improve medical care by paying more attention to psychological aspects of medical assessment and treatment. The study and practice of such factors is often called psychological medicine. Although the development of specialist consultation-liaison psychiatry (liaison psychiatry in the United Kingdom) and health psychology contribute to psychological medicine, the task is much wider and has major implications for the organisation and practice of care. The ABC on psychological medicine that starts this week (p 1567) aims to explain some of those implications.

Disorders that are traditionally, and perhaps misleadingly, termed psychiatric are highly prevalent in medical populations. At least 25-30% of general medical patients have coexisting depressive, anxiety, somatoform, or alcohol misuse disorders.1 Several factors account for the co-occurrence of medical and psychiatric disorders. First, a medical disorder can occasionally be a cause of the psychiatric disorder (for example, hypothyroidism as a biological cause of depression). Second, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, diabetes, and many other medical diseases increase the risk of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Such so called comorbidity is common, but its causal linkage with psychological conditions remains poorly understood. A third factor is coincidence—common conditions such as hypertension and depression may coexist in the …
Respiratory Care: A Guide to Clinical Practice.
Authors: George G. Burton, Glen N. Gee, John E. Hodgkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

You will love the new edition of this classic respiratory text! Now featuring an even stronger clinical focus, this standard-setting reference reflects the latest research findings, therapies and equipment, providing the reader with the most up-to-date information available anywhere. The larger format of this latest edition reflects a wealth of changes: / Each chapter in this resourceful text now begins with an outline, providing an overview of the material to be covered and alerting the reader to the most important information. / Clinical Skills in clinical chapters, based on the RRT and CRTT exam review matrices, provide learning objectives and prepare the reader for these exams. / Professional Skills, provided with the non-clinical chapters, serve as learning objectives and offer opportunities for personal growth. / Numerous boxes -- including equation boxes -- emphasize key information and reinforce its importance. / Guidelines for treatment from the American Association of Respiratory Care are highlighted in boxes, acquainting the reader with essential standards of practice. / Therapist Driven Protocols are presented in the form of flow charts, defining the procedures for treatment in the clinical setting. / A greater number of illustrations highlight and enhance key respiratory care concepts. / Many new chapters offer the most current thinking on: / the future of respiratory care; / cardiopulmonary monitoring; / bronchial hygiene therapy; / volume expansion therapy; / bronchial asthma; / chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; / interstitial lung diseases; / industrial, environmental, and self-induced pulmonary diseases; and / acute adult respiratory distress syndromes
Food Sensitivity Reported by Patients with Asthma and Hay Fever
Authors: Nils E. Eriksson
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Among adult patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis undergoing allergological investigation with skin test, nasal provocation test and RAST, 1129 answered a questionaire regarding food sensitivity (FS). 276 (24%) of the patients reported some kind of allergic symptoms on eating or handling various foods, of which hazel nut, apple and shell fish were the most often named. Females reported FS more often than males. A correlation was found between birch pollen allergy and FS with nuts, apple, peach, cherry, pear, plum, carrot and new potato. The higher the degree of birch pollen allergy, according to skin test, RAST or provocation test, the higher the frequency of FS. A correlation was found too between acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and FS with some foods, e.g. nuts, strawberry, almond, green pepper, hip, chocolate, egg, cabbage, milk and wine. The connection between birch pollen allergy and FS is probably explained by the structural relationship between birch pollen allergen and some allergens of the foodstuffs, whereas the high incidence of FS in acetylsalicylic acid-intolerant patients is probably explained by additives in foods as well as salicylates or benzoates naturally occurring in some food.
Abstract 18110: Impact of Stroke Severity on Clinical Outcomes in Patients who had Infective Endocarditis With Cerebral Complications
Authors: Ryosuke Murai, Shunsuke Funakoshi, Shuichiro Kaji, Yasuhiro Sasaki, Kitae Kim, Takeshi Kitai, Atsushi Kobori, Natsuhiko Ehara, Makoto Kinoshita, Tomoko Tani, Tadaaki Koyama, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The treatment strategy in active infective endocarditis (IE) with cerebral complications still remains unclear. We sought to analyze the association of the neurological deficit level with the clinical outcomes in IE patients with stroke. Methods and Results: Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed in 141 consecutive patients with active left-sided IE with cerebral complications. To evaluate the severity of stroke, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was assessed in all patients on admission. There were 116 (82%) patients with cerebral infarction including 9 hemorrhagic infarctions and 57 (40%) patients with cerebral hemorrhage. We divided the patients according to NIHSS; severe stroke group (NIHSS&gt;16: n=19) and non-severe stroke group (NIHSS≤16: n=122). Early surgery in the active phase (within 2 weeks after the initial diagnosis) was performed in 64 patients (6 severe stroke group and 58 non-severe stroke group), and the conventional treatment strategy was applied in 77 patients (13 severe stroke group and 64 non-severe stroke group). In the conventional treatment group, 37 patients (36 severe stroke group and 1 non-severe stroke group) underwent late surgical intervention. A mean follow-up period was 4.5 years. In-hospital death was significantly lower in non-severe stroke group (12% versus 53%, p&lt;0.001). In addition, the freedom rate from IE-related death was significantly higher in patients with non-severe stroke than those with severe stroke (84±4 % versus 37±13 % at 5-year, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that NIHSS (HR=1.074; 95% CI 1.042-1.107: p&lt;0.001), logistic EuroSCORE (HR=1.026; 95% CI 1.010-1.042: p=0.002), conventional treatment (HR=3.478; 95% CI 1.477-8.193: p=0.004), and aortic valve involvement (HR=3.091; 95% CI 1.460-6.546: p=0.003) were significantly associated with IE-related mortality (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Severity of stroke was strongly associated with clinical outcomes in IE patients with cerebral complications. Therapeutic strategy for IE patients with stroke might have to be customized according to severity of neurological deficit.
LA Volumes and Reservoir Function Are Associated With Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Cesare Russo, Zhezhen Jin, Rui Liu, Shinichi Iwata, Aylin Tugcu, Mitsuhiro Yoshita, Shunichi Homma, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Tatjana Rundek, Charles DeCarli, Clinton B. Wright, Ralph L. Sacco, Marco R. Di Tullio
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Abstract P244: Urinary Triclosan Concentrations Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in US Population, NHANES 2003-2010
Authors: Shengxu Li, Yun Zhu, Guangdi Wang, Miaoying Yun, John A McLachlan, Wei Chen, Jiang He, Paul K Whelton, Jinying Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Triclosan, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, is widely used in personal care and household products such as toothpaste. Its effect on human health, however, has not been well investigated. No study has examined the potential consequences of triclosan exposure on obesity traits. Objective: To examine whether triclosan exposure is associated with obesity traits. Methods: This study included 3,659 children (1,884 boys and 1,775 girls, 6-20 years old) and 6,566 adults (3,251 men and 3,315 women, 20 years and older) with detectable levels of urinary triclosan from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database. Urinary triclosan concentrations were measured by automated solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The association of triclosan levels with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference was examined using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, race, education, household income, alcohol intake, and cotinine where appropriate. All data analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina), while taking into account sample weights and design variables. Results: Urinary triclosan concentrations were 4.2 μg/g creatinine (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.3-5.3 μg/g creatinine) in boys, 5.1 μg/g creatinine (95% CI: 3.8-6.9 μg/g creatinine) in girls, 9.2 μg/g creatinine (95% CI: 7.4-11.4 μg/g creatinine) in men, and 11.9 μg/g creatinine (95% CI: 9.6-14.8 μg/g creatinine) in women. From the bottom to the top quartile of urinary triclosan concentrations, there was a decreasing trend of BMI in all groups: 22.02±0.33 (multivariable-adjusted mean ± standard error), 21.55±0.28, 21.31±0.27, and 21.16±0.34 kg/m2, p for trend=0.05 in boys; 22.13±0.37, 21.87±0.34, 21.42±0.35, and 20.64±0.23 kg/m2, p for trend=0.009 in girls, 29.24±0.29, 29.07±0.27, 28.73±0.26, and 28.20±0.34 kg/m2, p for trend=0.03 in men; and 29.37±0.40, 28.47±0.43, 29.06±0.39, and 27.07±0.30 kg/m2; p for trend=0.0007 in women. Similar trends were observed for waist circumferences in the four groups (p for trend=0.003-0.04). Conclusion: Triclosan exposure is inversely associated with BMI and waist circumference, independent of multiple risk factors. The biological mechanisms linking triclosan exposure to obesity await further investigation although it is likely that triclosan is an endocrine disrupting chemical.
Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials Why albumin may not work
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To quantify effect on mortality of administering human albumin or plasma protein fraction during management of critically ill patients. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing administration of albumin or plasma protein fraction with no administration or with administration of crystalloid solution in critically ill patients with hypovolaemia, burns, or hypoalbuminaemia. <b>Subjects:</b> 30 randomised controlled trials including 1419 randomised patients. <b>Main outcome measure:</b>Mortality from all causes at end of follow up for each trial. <b>Results:</b> For each patient category the risk of death in the albumin treated group was higher than in the comparison group.For hypovolaemia the relative risk of death after albuminadministration was 1.46 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 2.22), for burns the relative risk was 2.40 (1.11 to 5.19),and for hypoalbuminaemia it was 1.69 (1.07 to 2.67). Pooled relative risk of death with albumin administration was 1.68 (1.26 to 2.23). Pooled difference in the risk of death with albumin was 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%) with a fixed effects model. These data suggest that for every 17 critically ill patients treated with albumin there is one additional death. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is no evidence that albumin administration reduces mortality incritically ill patients with hypovolaemia,burns, or hypoalbuminaemia and a strong suggestion that it may increase mortality. These data suggest that use of human albumin in critically ill patients should be urgently reviewed and that it should not be used outside the context of rigorously conducted, randomised controlled trials.
Multiple Inhibitory Cytokines Induce Deregulated Progenitor Growth and Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Cells From Fac−/− Mice
Authors: Laura S. Haneline, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Scott Cooper, Giao Hangoc, Madeleine Carreau, Manuel Buchwald, D. Wade Clapp
Journal: Blood (1998)
389. Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) Gene Transfer to the Periadventitial Tissue
Authors: Shalini Bhardwaj, Himadri Roy, Kari Alitalo, Seppo Yla-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

PIGF is a homodimeric glycoprotein, expressed in placenta, thyroid, lung and goiter that display a 53% homology with PDGF-like region of VEGF. PIGF binds specifically to VEGFR-1. PIGF and VEGF also form heterodimers that have been found to bind to VEGFR-2. High concentrations of PIGF saturate VEGFR-1 site and augment the action of VEGF both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies indicate that PIGF is chemotactic to endothelial cells and monocytes but it is not known to cause endothelial proliferation and vascular permeability independently. In this study we investigated the effect of AdvPIGF on vascular angiogenesis in periadventitial tissue.
Sunscreen, In-Office Dispensing, Surgery Debated at Annual Dermatology Meeting
Authors: L Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1999)

NEW ORLEANS—Are sunscreens being oversold? Is it ethical to market nonprescription products in the dermatologist’s office? How much emphasis should be placed on medicine vs surgery in the dermatology residency? By conferring a false sense of security, sunscreen use may encourage longer stays in the sun, said Mark Pittelkow, MD, of the Mayo Clinic, speaking in a session on current controversies in dermatology at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) here in March. That ultraviolet radiation from the sun promotes skin cancer, he said, is indisputable. Chronic exposure triggers basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, while intermittent intense exposure is thought to induce most types of melanoma. There is no direct evidence that sunscreens increase or decrease skin cancers, he said, although some recent studies link the use of sunscreens to precursors of melanoma. The Melanoma Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, for example, reported finding in a retrospective study that sunscreen-using white European children developed twice as many nevi on their exposed trunks as peers who wore protective clothing when outdoors. In adults, a high nevi count is a strong predictor of melanoma (J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90:1873-1880). JAMA’s own Patient Page on skin cancer, Pittelkow noted, put “apply sunscreen” at the top of its list of prevention strategies. Physicians should tell patients, he asserted, that the first line of defense is to avoid midday sun exposure and wear protective clothing when outdoors. These recommendations are also included on the patient page (JAMA. 1999:281:676). Althoughheechoedthisadvice,Mark Naylor, MD, of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, still advocated maximum use of sunscreens. “The harmful effects attributed to sunscreens,” he said, “are due to sunlight itself.” Direct animal and human evidence, he said, shows that sunscreens prevent or reduce all of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Many confounding variables, he noted, complicate the assessment of sunscreens’ efficacy and safety: fair-skinned redheads, who are at highest risk of skin cancers, dominate the user group. People apply sunscreens unevenly and give unreliable sun-exposure histories. Prospective trials haven’t gone on long enough.
Abstract 3642: Cancer therapy by resuscitating Notch immune surveillance
Authors: Duafalia F. Dudimah, Samuel T. Pellom, Roman V. Uzhachenko, David P. Carbone, Mikhail M. Dikov, Anil Shanker
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment perturbs numerous immune regulatory networks and usurps host anti-tumor immunity. We discovered that tumor interferes with host hematopoietic Notch system in lung cancer patients. The resultant decrease in immune Notch signaling could be a major causative link in the inadequate induction of anti-tumor immunity. Interestingly, we found that tumor-induced decrease in immune Notch in various mouse solid tumor models could be restored therapeutically by the following two agents. Administration of a novel Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1) multivalent cluster and the FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor drug bortezomib - which also sensitizes tumors to death signals - could activate Notch 1 signaling in lymphoid cells of tumor-bearing mice without increasing tumor cell proliferation or clonogenicity. Systemic activation of DLL1-Notch signaling could attenuate tumor vascularization as well as increase T cell infiltration in tumor, decrease proportion of regulatory T cells and enhance antitumor T cell function and memory in multiple mouse tumor models. New data also show that bortezomib affects the expression of notch receptors and ligands differentially in lymphocytes and in a wide range of solid tumor cells. Moreover, bortezomib administration increased the expression of Notch target genes Hes 1 and Hey 1 in thymus, lymph node, and spleen, as well as decreased the proportion of regulatory T cells and enhanced T cell production of IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice. Results indicate that bortezomib-induced activation of Notch target genes Hes 1 and Hey 1 is through its inhibition of NFkB while its activation of another Notch target gene Deltex 1 is mediated via PI3K. The findings suggest a potential synergistic action of bortezomib and DLL1 activation of Notch signaling. The potential of modulating anti-tumor Notch signaling by the prototypic DLL1 cluster in combination with bortezomib presents exciting opportunities to uncover multi-pronged immune stimulatory regimens. Therapeutic restoration of immune Notch signaling could provide effective treatment and recurrence-free survival in cancer patients by breaking tumor resistance, enhancing immune surveillance, and sustaining robust anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Duafalia F. Dudimah, Samuel T. Pellom Jr., Roman V. Uzhachenko, David P. Carbone, Mikhail M. Dikov, Anil Shanker. Cancer therapy by resuscitating Notch immune surveillance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3642. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3642
Proteus syndrome with widespread portwine stain naevus
Authors: None PLÖtz, None Abeck, None PLÖtz, None Ring
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Proteus syndrome is a rare condition comprising asymmetrical overgrowth of different parts of the body in association with various cutaneous abnormalities. We describe a 3‐year‐old boy with Proteus syndrome, who presented with hemihypertrophy of the right leg, asymmetric macrodactyly, subcutaneous masses and a widespread portwine stain interspersed with angiokeratomas on the right leg, scrotum and on the middle and left side of the back. Doppler ultrasound of the right leg did not show hypercirculation, but did reveal the absence of the right superficial femoral vein.