tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE STATUS OF TRANQUILIZING DRUGS—1959
Authors: B BOSHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

Article1 January 1960THE STATUS OF TRANQUILIZING DRUGS—1959BENJAMIN BOSHES, M.D.BENJAMIN BOSHES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-52-1-182 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDrugs to give man a sense of peace or emotional comfort have been used since time immemorial, and have included everything from alcohol, opiates and the solanaceous group through marihuana, bromides, barbiturates and, more recently, a new group of drugs which we include under the general terms "tranquilizers," or ataractics.Just how did this come about? What was man seeking? Why did he have to avoid certain unpleasant sensory experiences, signals that came into his eyes, ears, nose, tactile system, taste, or combinations thereof? What was going on within his brain that he was seeking a respite even in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois*Received for publication August 19, 1959.Presented as a Morning Lecture at the Fortieth Annual Session of The American College of Physicians, Chicago, Illinois, April 24, 1959.From the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Benjamin Boshes, M.D., Chairman, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Northwestern University Medical School, Ward Memorial Building, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMotivation for FitnessThe psychotropic drugs: Considerations relative to the vestibular pathways and testing 1 January 1960Volume 52, Issue 1Page: 182-194KeywordsAlcoholsBrainDrugsEmotionsNeurologyOintmentsOpiatesTaste ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...
LONG CONTINUING JAUNDICE FOLLOWING MINIMAL CHLORPROMAZINE (THORAZINE) MEDICATION
Authors: H M MEYER, J E COOK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

Case Reports1 January 1958LONG CONTINUING JAUNDICE FOLLOWING MINIMAL CHLORPROMAZINE (THORAZINE) MEDICATIONHERMAN M. MEYER, M.D., JEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.HERMAN M. MEYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEROME E. COOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-48-1-199 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany reports have appeared regarding the occasional occurrence of jaundice in patients who are receiving or have recently received chlorpromazine. It is rather generally stated that the incidence of such jaundice is very low, around 1% or less, although some clinicians have had a less favorable experience, such as the three cases of jaundice in 26 patients reported by Isaacs, Macarthur and Taylor.1Our own experience, though meager, has been of a similarly frequent incidence of jaundice. The severity of the case here reported has given us caution in any free employment of the drug. While the conclusions voiced as...Bibliography1. IsaacsMacarthurTaylor BJGRM: Jaundice in relation to chlorpromazine therapy, Brit. M. J. 2: 1122-1124 (Nov. 5) 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Received for publication July 23, 1956.From the Medical Service of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Jerome E. Cook, M.D., 4409 West Pine Boulevard, St. Louis 8, Missouri. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExaggerated cholestasis and hepatic fibrosis following simultaneous administration of chlorpromazine and sodium valproatePsychological Consequences of Drug JaundiceInterpretation of the Liver BiopsyPhenothiazine und Azaphenothiazine als HeilmittelXanthomatous biliary cirrhosis following chlorpromazineChronic chlorpromazine jaundicePROBABLE HEPATIC ALLERGY TO CHLORPROMAZINE AND DELIBERATE DESENSITIZATION*LEO WAITZKIN, M.D.DRUG-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY*HANS POPPER, M.D., F.A.C.P., FENTON SCHAFFNER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Tranquilizers in Surgery 1 January 1958Volume 48, Issue 1Page: 199-202KeywordsBileChlorpromazineDrugsMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1958 PDF downloadLoading ...
Stable restoration of the sarcoglycan complex in dystrophic muscle perfused with histamine and a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector
Authors: James P. Greelish, Leonard T. Su, Edward B. Lankford, James M. Burkman, Haiyan Chen, Stephane K. Konig, Isabelle M. Mercier, Philippe R. Desjardins, Marilyn A. Mitchell, Xiang guang Zheng, John Leferovich, Guang Ping Gao, Rita J. Balice-Gordon, James M. Wilson, Hansell H. Stedman
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Proteomic evaluation of mammary glands of adult rats exposed prenatally to TCDD
Authors: Sarah B. Jenkins, Craig Rowell, Nandini Raghuraman, Joe Ritchie, Coral A. Lamartiniere
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4460   In 2005, an estimated 211,240 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed. With only 5–10% of breast cancer cases being attributed to hereditary causes, other causative factors must account for the high incidence of breast cancer. Hormonally active xenobiotics, due to their ability to disrupt normal endocrine signaling, may play a role in breast cancer causation. One such compound, 2,3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), has been linked to reproductive abnormalities, decreased immune function, and carcinogenesis in animal models. We have previously shown that prenatal exposure to TCDD resulted in an increased incidence of mammary tumor development in a dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of rodent mammary cancer. Analysis of mammary gland maturation at 50 days postpartum (time of DMBA exposure) showed that prenatal exposure to TCDD altered the normal mammary gland morphology, resulting in a greater number of terminal end buds, the immature structures most susceptible for carcinogenesis, and fewer lobules, the mature structures that are least susceptible to carcinogenesis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes, we have employed the use of discovery proteomics. Pregnant dams were administered 3 ng TCDD/g BW ( n  = 8) or equal volume of sesame oil/g BW ( n  = 8) on day 15 post-conception. Offspring were sacrificed and mammary glands were collected 50 days post-partum. Mammary glands were homogenized and proteins were separated via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gel spots were matched and analyzed using  Progenesis Discovery  software, and the identities of differentially regulated proteins common to all gels were established by mass spectrometry. In day 50 animals, six proteins were found to be differentially regulated. Albumin and Rho GDI were found to be upregulated, and γ-fibrinogen, γ-Actin 1, RASP1, Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), and Transthyretin were down-regulated. Of particular interest is the down-regulation of SOD1. As SOD1 is involved in the detoxication of superoxide anion radicals, a down-regulation in the mammary gland could provide an environment ill-equipped to deal with subsequent free radical exposure. Without the first step of superoxide anion radical detoxication functioning at full capacity, mammary cells may be kept in a state of vulnerability, thereby increasing the possibility of cellular transformation occurring. In our model, while TCDD would not be directly causing cancer, it would be setting up a molecular environment in which the mammary gland is much more susceptible to carcinogenesis by later carcinogen exposure. Supported by NIH 1 R21, ES012326, and NIH 1 U01 ES012771.
Molecular mechanisms of the growth inhibitory effects of the bacterial metabolites, kinamycin A and C.
Authors: Kimberley A. O’Hara, Brian B. Hasinoff, Daywin Patel, Valery J. Goodfellow, Radoslaw S. Laufer, Otunola Adedayo, Gary I. Dmitrienko
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5546 

The bacterial metabolites, kinamycin A and kinamycin C, are cytotoxic to cancer cells by some unknown mechanism. Both kinamycins were able to induce erythroid differentiation in K562 cells, a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, as measured by increased benzidine staining, an indicator of hemoglobin content. Because the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1, is important for erythroid differentiation in K562 cells, protein levels of p27Kip1 were examined after exposure to either kinamyicn A or C. To identify possible downstream targets of the kinamycins that are involved in cell cycle, protein levels of cyclins D1, D3, and E were studied in K562 cells exposed to either kinamycin A or C. Both kinamycin A and C contain an unusual and potentially reactive diazo group as well as a quinone group. The hypothesis that the kinamycins react with sulfhydryl groups was explored. When kinamycin C was pre-exposed to either dithiothreitol or glutathione (GSH), the IC50 for K562 cells was increased 8- and 5-fold, respectively. Similarly, exposure of K562 cells to kinamycin A that had been pre-treated with GSH also increased the IC50 5-fold. The reaction of GSH with kinamycin A and C was examined spectrophotometrically and the compounds underwent a fast initial reaction with GSH. This was followed by a series of slower reactions. These data suggest that the reactivity of kinamycin A and C is modulated by GSH and also raises the possibility that the target may be an as of yet unknown sulfhydryl-containing protein. The GSH/kinamycin C system generated a free radical that could be detected by EPR spin trapping experiments. This idea, that the kinamycins may be reductively activated to their cytotoxic form, is actively being pursued. Support: MHRC fellowship (O’Hara, KA), IHR and a Canada Research Chair in Drug Development (Hasinoff, BB), NSERC (Dmitrienko, GI).
Antibiotics and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Geoffrey A Modest, Julie Kaufmann
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Flushing away the fat
Authors: J. Garrow
Journal: BMJ (1998)

News p 835 

Obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) is a serious disease which predisposes to heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, osteoathritis, obstructive sleep apnoea, gallstones, and some cancers sensitive to sex hormones. It accounts for 2-7% of total healthcare costs and a substantial proportion of disability pensions. Obesity is out of control in most affluent countries of the world, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly in developing countries. The World Health Organisation describes it as a global epidemic.1 This week, with the launch of orlistat, hopes have been raised that there is a new, effective weapon against the rising prevalence of obesity.

In 1976 in the United Kingdom an expert committee sounded a warning that obesity was “one of the most important medical and public health problems of our time.”2 In 1980 a survey showed that 6% of men and 8% of women were obese,3 and in 1992 the government set a target that the prevalence of obesity (then 8% of men and …
Statistical issues in biomarker assay development and evaluation
Authors: Viswanath Devanarayan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

ED01-03   This presentation will focus on calibration-curve based biomarker assays (e.g., chromatographic and ligand-binding assays) and will address topics such as the evaluation of the validity of biomarker measurements and reference standards, selection of appopriate models and weighting options for the calibration curves, assessment of analytical range, sensitivity and acceptance criteria, and the fit-for-purpose requirements for exploratory and advanced biomarker assay validation. These topics will be illustrated using data from real case studies. Some popular misconceptions on topics such as the dynamic range and linearity will be clarified, and examples of how over 5-fold improvement in analytical sensitivity can be achieved simply by the use of appropriate statistical methods will be illustrated. This will be followed by an illustration of the impact of analytical and biological variability on the identification of novel biomarkers from small and large (-omic) biomarker studies.
Phototherapy in France: quantitative data from the National Health Insurance register
Authors: F. Aubin, A. Weill, H. Allemand
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We read with great interest the recent articles from Inzinger et al.1 and Hönigsmann.2 The authors underline the efficiency and the benefit of phototherapy in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Phototherapy offers many advantages in the treatment of psoriasis, providing clearance of lesions at least as effectively as systemic drugs, the potential for relatively long‐lasting remission, and a safe side‐effect profile. However, the use of phototherapy for psoriasis has seen a decline in the U.S.A.3, 4 Different hypotheses have been raised and recent changes in the practice of dermatology may also contribute, in particular the use of biologic therapies for psoriasis. In the present study, we evaluated the use of phototherapy in France after the introduction of biologics in 2004. Data from the National Health Insurance register (Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie) were used. In France, to be reimbursed, each medical treatment must be declared to the National Health Insurance register. Data are kept for only 2 years before automatic disposal. Only data from 2007 to 2010 were available. Systemic phototherapy is registered with the unique code QZRP003 (€19·2 reimbursed by the French Social Security), which includes both systemic psoralen + ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB therapies. As shown in Table 1, the number of UV treatments performed yearly in France was 421 426 in 2007, 435 462 in 2008, 448 065 in 2009 and 473 269 in 2010. The increase over this 4‐year period was 12%. Besides, the number of UV‐treated patients increased from 25 270 in 2007 to 28 183 in 2010 (+11·5%), resulting in a steady number of UV treatments per patient ranging from 16·5 in 2009 to 16·9 in 2008.
Abstract 20277: Inhibition of vWF Secretion Prevents Microvascular Thrombosis in CLP Rodent Models of Sepsis
Authors: Luiza Rusu, Martin Schlapfer, Jeremiah Atkinson, Xiaoping Du, Richard D Minshall
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Severe sepsis is associated with microcirculatory collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as a result of interdependent mechanisms of systemic intravascular inflammation, vascular leakage, microvascular thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia. Currently, no drug is available to concomitantly treat these events in sepsis. A poorly understood mechanism and yet critical determinant of sepsis-induced vascular inflammation and microvascular thrombosis is von Willebrand Factor (vWF) secretion by activated endothelial cells (ECs). We recently discovered that Gα12 heterotrimeric G protein plays a critical role in basal and evoked vWF secretion by endothelial cells by promoting Weibel Palade body fusion and exocytosis (Rusu et al Blood 2014). Based on the observed direct interaction of Gα12 with αSNAP, a critical member of the exocyst complex required for membrane fusion events, we generated an inhibitory peptide which we hypothesized would selectively and potently inhibit vWF secretion and thrombosis without adversely inducing hemorrhage and vascular leakage in rodent models of sepsis. We assessed the effect of Gα12 knockout and Myr-αSNAP Binding Domain (SBD) Gα12 N-terminal peptide on VWF secretion and mortality associated with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis. CLP-induced fulminant sepsis in rats and mice was associated with a 3-fold increase in plasma vWF within 6-9 hrs and 2-fold increase at 24 hrs. Importantly, we observed reduced plasma vWF levels 24 hrs after CLP surgery in mice given 100 μl of 100 μM Myr-SBD (~5 μM) as compared to mice treated with Myr-scrambled peptide. Furthermore, microvascular thrombosis of the kidney was strikingly reduced in mice treated with Myr-SBD compared to scrambled control and sham animals. Consistent with the hypothesis that Gα12-dependent increase in vWF secretion during sepsis leads to poor outcome, all WT mice succumbed to sepsis in less than 96 hrs whereas 100% of Gα12-/- mice shown previously to have significantly reduced plasma vWF levels survived. Thus, inhibition of Gα12/αSNAP dependent vWF secretion may be an effective strategy for blocking microvascular thrombosis, DIC, and death due to sepsis.
Patient-predicted length of stay and diagnosis-related-group reimbursement
Authors: J C Mason, J Louks, F Backus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Comparing patient-predicted to actual length of stay of 127 general psychiatric inpatients, the authors found excessive length of stay among demented geriatric patients and young patients with personality disorders. They recommend altering treatment provision to reduce stays to diagnosis-related-group standards.
Indomethacin decreased glutathione content in doxorubicin leukemia cell line.
Authors: Takeshi Asano, Yoshitaka Fukunaga
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5408 

Drug resistance continues to be a serious problem in cancer therapy. We investigated whether indomethacin, which inhibited cyclooxygenases, would overcome doxorubicin resistance in K562/ADR leukemia cells. Indomethacin at 3μg/ml increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin as well as vincristine in K562/ADR. Intracellular glutathione content was increased in K562/ADR cell. Indomethacin treatment decreased glutathione content and glutathione conjugates in K562/ADR cells. Increased expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) was observed in K562/ADR cells, but this expression was decreased by indomethacin treatment. The activity of the γ-GCS promoter decreased after indomethacin treatment in Hela cells. These data strongly suggest that the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin by decrease intracellular glutathione content along with decrease expression of γ-GCS through inhibition of γ-GCS promoter activity.
The intracellular distribution of protein, nucleic acids, and riboflavin in the livers of mice and hamsters fed 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.
Authors: J. M. Price, J. A. Miller, E. C. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (1951)

Summary  1.Sucrose homogenates of the livers from albino mice or from hamsters fed either a semi-synthetic diet or the same diet plus the hepatic carcinogen 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene were separated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, large granule (mitochondria), small granule (microsome), and supernatant fluid fractions. Homogenates of the livers of C3H mice fed a stock diet were similarly fractionated. The unfractionated homogenates and the four fractions were analyzed for protein, nucleic acids, and riboflavin.  2.The livers from hamsters, which are refractory to the carcinogenic action of this aminoazo dye, were unaffected following ingestion of the compound for 4 months, except that there was an increase in the riboflavin content of the large granule fraction.  3.Mouse liver, which is slightly susceptible to the carcinogenic action of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, was altered considerably by the ingestion of this aminoazo dye for 4 months. There were decreased levels of protein, pentosenucleic acid, and riboflavin in the large granules comparable to those previously found in rat liver. However, the increase in the protein content and the decrease in the pentosenucleic acid content of the supernatant fluid were not found in liver from rats fed the dye.  4.The intracellular distribution of protein, nucleic acids, and riboflavin was essentially the same in normal mice, rats, and hamsters.
Underutilization of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Older Patients
Authors: Robert G. Hauser
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal