tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SURGERY OF THE SUPRA-ORBITAL REGION
Authors: LUCIUS W. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Most of the commoner disorders in the supra-orbital region arise from the eye or the frontal sinus and are handled by the specialists in these branches, so they will not be considered here. But there are many injuries and new growths that require in their treatment an intimate knowledge of the unusual anatomic features in this vicinity. Here we have, in close proximity, an important organ of special sense, the eye; a cavity lined by mucous membrane, the frontal sinus, and the brain, enclosed in its bony walls covered with modified skin and fascia. <h3>ANATOMY</h3> The foundation on which the tissues rest is the frontal bone. The supra-orbital margin forms the tipper boundary of the orbit, and above it is the superciliary ridge, a dense bony structure protecting both the eye and the brain. The prominence of the ridge is frequently, though not always, in direct relation to the size
Low weight gain in infancy and suicide in adult life
Authors: D J P Barker, C Osmond, I Rodin, C H D Fall, P D Winter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

One theory suggests that depression in adult life originates through parental indifference, abuse, and other adverse influences in childhood. The possible contribution of development in infancy has received little attention.1 We therefore examined the association between infant growth and later suicide in 15500 men and women. Depression underlies 70% of deaths by suicide.2

As previously described, all births in Hertfordshire from 1911 onwards were notified by the attending midwife.3 Health visitors saw the babies periodically throughout infancy, recorded the method of feeding, and wrote general comments on the baby's development and well being. At 1 year the babies were weighed. We traced 10141 (79%) of the boys born during 1911-30 and 5585 (60%) of the girls born during 1923-30. The average birthweight and weight at 1 year of those who were traced were the same as those of the babies who were not traced. We compared the numbers of deaths from suicide at ages 20-74 …
Guidelines Aim to Speed Drug Approval While Protecting Human Subjects
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

role of this gene in the development of type 2 diabetes has yet to be determined, but TCF7L2 is known to control the activity of a number genes, including the proglucagon gene, which encodes the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1, along with insulin, plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis, and GLP-1-based therapies for type 2 diabetes are currently in clinical development (Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2554-2559). Stefansson and other researchers hope to reveal TCF7L2’s mechanism of action and identify potential targets for drugs that could be used to treat individuals who have or are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes because of this gene variant. “We’ll try to replicate the findings and there will probably be lots of other groups doing the same thing,” said Cox, adding “I’m sure this pathway will receive a lot more attention in diabetes research.”
THE BACTERIA CONCERNED IN THE PRODUCTION OF EYE INFLAMMATIONS.
Authors: ROBERT L. RANDOLPH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

I do not think we are called on to discuss the so-called eye bacteria from a historical point of view, for that would mean a consideration of nearly all these bacteria in their causal relationship to the diseases with which they were first identified. As a matter of fact, we have not found any bacteria which are pathogenic only for the eye, though the possibility of there being such bacteria is suggested when we think of sympathetic ophthalmia and trachoma, two diseases which appear to be peculiar to the human race, and one of which, in all probability, is due to a specific bacterium. Before speaking of the bacteria which we usually regard as pathogenic for the human eye, I may be pardoned for introducing matter which to many of you may seem very elementary, but which may help to a better understanding of what follows. Bacteria may be divided
Hair analysis: exploring the state of the science.
Authors: Deanna K Harkins, Allan S Susten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

On 12-13 June 2001, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) convened a seven-member panel in Atlanta, Georgia, to review and discuss the current state of the science related to hair analysis, specifically its use in assessing environmental exposures in support of the agency's public health assessment activities. ATSDR invited scientific experts in the fields of hair analysis, toxicology, and medicine to participate in a discussion of such topics as analytical methods, factors affecting the interpretation of analytical results, toxicologic considerations, and data gaps and research needs. The goal of the panel was to determine the overall utility of hair analysis as a tool to evaluate exposure at hazardous waste sites. The principal lesson learned from the meeting was that, for most substances, data are insufficient to predict health effects from the concentration of the substance in hair. The presence of a substance in hair may indicate exposure (both internal and external) but does not necessarily indicate the source of exposure. Thus, before hair analysis can be considered a valid tool for assessing exposure and health impact of a particular substance, research is needed to establish standardized reference ranges, gain a better understanding of biologic variations of hair growth with age, gender, race and ethnicity, and pharmacokinetics, and further explore possible dose-response relationships. ATSDR intends to use the findings of this panel to develop educational materials to support its site work and to encourage researchers to continue to develop methods that may facilitate reliable exposure assessments.
Commentary: Neurological perspective
Authors: A. B Cohen, M. T Bianchi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Preserved human scleral graft and histoacryl-blue tissue adhesive were used in four cases of retinal detachment surgery to obtain scleral buckling effect and to protect staphylomatous or necrotic scleral areas. The use of histoacryl produced a strong and resistant adhesion between the host and the preserved scleral patch. The postoperative inflammatory reaction was mild and disappeared within one week.
A Physiological Approach to the Surgical Treatment of the Dumping Syndrome
Authors: Edward A. Stemmer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One of the most perplexing complications of otherwise successful gastric surgery is the development of a complex of gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms commonly referred to as the dumping syndrome. Although not fatal, the severity of symptoms may be so great that the patient cannot lead a normal life and in some instances may be unable to continue his usual occupation. The reported incidence of the dumping syndrome following gastrectomy ranges as high as 70% or 80% in various series but is ordinarily significant in only 5% to 12% of patients. The voluminous work on the subject since its first description by Denechau in 1907 attests to its importance and the difficulty of adequate explanation of the symptom complex.  Attempts to treat such patients are frustrating for the physician and discouraging to the patient who sometimes thinks that he has traded a benign disease with a specific treatment for a disabling
Breathlessness during induced lung hyperinflation in asthma: the role of the inspiratory threshold load.
Authors: D M Lougheed, K A Webb, D E O'Donnell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The effects of the inspiratory threshold load (ITL) on breathlessness and ventilatory mechanics during acute bronchoconstriction were studied by comparing responses to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) in 12 asthmatic subjects after methacholine bronchoprovocation to a maximum change (delta) in FEV1 of 50%. At maximum response, "optimal CPAP" (CPAPOPT) was selected as the level of CPAP providing maximum subjective improvement in breathlessness. Spirometry, breathing pattern, esophageal pressure (Pes), and operational lung volumes were monitored. At maximum response, FEV1 decreased by 54 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.001), dynamic end-expiratory volume (EELVdyn) increased 66 +/- 8%, by 1.4 +/- 0.2 L (p < 0.001), and subjects reported severe breathlessness (Borg Scale = 5.6 +/- 0.8). CPAPOPT (5.3 +/- 0.6 cm H2O) significantly (p < 0.001) reduced breathlessness (delta Borg Scale = -3.0 +/- 0.5) and did not cause further dynamic hyperinflation. CPAPOPT reduced peak inspiratory Pes by 27% (p < 0.001), the tension-time index (TTI) for the inspiratory muscles by 27% (p < 0.01), and the inspiratory work rate per liter of ventilation by 14% (p < 0.05). During CPAPOPT, the delivered extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) (6.4 +/- 0.4 cm H2O) was strongly related (p < 0.001) to the measured ITL (6.9 +/- 1.0 cm H2O) at maximum response. Responses to IPAP of the same magnitude as CPAP OPT at maximum response were similar to those during CPAPOPT, except that IPAP did not counteract ITL or reduce breathlessness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology
Authors: William D. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The recent proliferation of excellent books devoted to liver disease made us approach the release of another long (897 pages), expensive ($95) textbook with a certain amount of skepticism. This book is not, however, another catechism of clinical liver disease, but an effort to encapsulate knowledge in the expanding field of hepatobiology. The editors are attempting a comprehensive exposition of the "concepts and advances of fundamental biology regarding the structure of cells, how they communicate with each other, how they are assembled and undergo differential turnover... [and] how they perform their multiple functions under physiologic and pathologic stress." Their book "is one step in an effort to bridge the ever increasing gap between basic biology and medicine." The editors have obviously accomplished what they set out to do. They have produced a definitive text on the biology and pathobiology of the liver. To accomplish their task, Arias et al have
Echocardiography. Clinical application in mitral stenosis
Authors: B. L. Segal
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An echocardiogram is the graphic registration of ultrasound waves reflected from the heart. The waveform recording from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is specific for this structure. The mitral valve echocardiogram in patients with solitary mitral stenosis correlates well with the findings obtained through cardiac catheterization and with observations made during open-heart surgery. The motion of the anterior leaflet expressed as a diastolic slope in millimeters per second has been shown to decrease as the mitral valve area lessens. The echocardiogram, obtained without risk or serious technical difficulty, can be used in determining the severity of mitral stenosis. This bedside procedure may also be used to study the evolution of mitral stenosis from the onset of rheumatic activity and to appraise the motion of the leaflet after mitral valvotomy.
Suppression of Measles 19S Antibody Formation as Evidence of Immunity
Authors: Ann Schluederberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Secondary immune responses to measles virus are characterized by a rise in 7S measles antibodies with little or no 19S antibody production. Sera collected a month after challenge with live measles vaccine of 9-month-old infants who had received inactivated measles vaccine before they were 7 months of age revealed 19S antibodies in 50% of postchallenge sera tested. Suppression of 19S antibody formation in the other 50% was well correlated with resistance to the clinical effects of measles and provided a more sensitive measure of immunization during the maternal antibody period than seroconversion or incidence of clinical reactions to challenge.
Cutaneous and ocular side-effects of oral photochemotherapy: results of an 8-year follow-up study
Authors: N.H. COX, S.K. JONES, D.J. DOWNEY, E.J. TUYP, J.L. JAY, H. MOSELEY, R.M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

To determine the long-term cutaneous side-effects of oral photochemotherapy (PUVA), we examined 95 patients, 59 with psoriasis and 36 with mycosis fungoides (MF). These comprised 80% and 69% respectively of the patients with these disorders treated with PUVA in our department from 1977 to 1985. Two psoriatic patients had squamous carcinomas, both of whom had received high cumulative UVA doses and also methotrexate concurrently with PUVA. Six patients with MF had actinic keratoses. The mean age of these patients (69 years) was significantly greater than the mean age of the patients without actinic keratoses (54 years), but there was no significant difference in their cumulative UVA doses. No patients developed basal cell carcinomas or malignant melanoma. 'PUVA lentigines' were found in 46% of the patients. They were most frequent in patients currently being treated and in those who had received high cumulative UVA doses, but persisted for up to 7 years after discontinuing therapy. Seventy-one patients had yearly ophthalmological examinations, or a single examination at least 3 months after commencing PUVA. This examination included retinal function tests to detect any subclinical visual impairment. Five of these patients had cataract prior to PUVA therapy, and were significantly older (mean age 71 years) than those without cataract (mean age 53 years). Three patients (mean age 61 years) developed new lens opacities whilst receiving PUVA. However, none of these patients was considered to have cataract as none had impairment of visual acuity due to lens opacity. No patients without lens opacity developed evidence of subclinical visual impairment.
Abstract 3205: Identification of senescence-inducing microRNAs in normal human epithelial cells
Authors: Ki-Hyuk Shin, Ana Pucar, Reuben Kim, Mo Kang, No-Hee Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel epigenetic regulators of eukaryotic gene expression and play key roles in many cellular processes. However, the contribution of miRNAs to replicative senescence remains largely unexplored. To understand the role of miRNA in replicative senescence of normal human epithelial cells, we examined the expression profiles of 847 miRNAs in non-senescent (young) and senescent (old) normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs). We identified 126 senescence-associated miRNAs (SA-miRs) whose expression was altered greater than 2-fold with senescence. Among SA-miRs, 117 miRNAs (93%) were up-regulated and 9 miRNAs (7%) were down-regulated in senescent NHOKs compared to non-senescent NHOKs. miR-137 and miR-668 were consistently up-regulated with senescence of three independent NHOK cultures and with ionizing irradiation, a premature senescence inducer of NHOKs. Overexpression of miR-137 and miR-668 significantly increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) activity and senescence markers, p16INK4A and p53 in non-senescing NHOKs, indicating that they are senescence-inducing miRNAs. Furthermore, we found that these senescence-inducing miRNAs were frequently downregulated in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Since senescence is considered as a tumor suppressor mechanism, the newly identified senescence-inducing miRNAs need to be considered for therapeutic application for cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3205.
Metabolic, Endocrine, and Genetic Disorders of Children
Authors: Allan Drash
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It is an altogether appropriate time for a new, updated textbook on pediatric endocrinology. The last major publications to cover this subject matter were Wilkins'<i>The Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence</i>, (ed 3, 1965) and Gardner's<i>Endocrine and Genetic Diseases of Childhood</i>(1969). The present contribution is a multi-authored, three-volume work whose scope is exceptionally broad, crossing a number of clinical disciplines. The difficulties in reviewing such a long, wide-ranging, multi-authored text are great. The specific educational objectives are not clearly defined, as the focus of the individual authors varies considerably in scientific sophistication, emphasis on basic pathophysiology, clinical management, and the like. As is true of most large textbooks, the material suffers by prolonged delay prior to publication. In many of the contributions, the most recent references are five years old, leaving one feeling uncomfortably out of date in an area growing as rapidly
Old Times: Nasty, Brutish, and Short—but at Least No Injected Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ellis J. Neiburger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The article by Goldsmith 1 states that mismatches between the genetically determined physical, emotional, and psychological needs of human beings and their current environment... are at the root of many somatic and mental disorders today. No doubt, our technology and our skill in altering our external environment have far outpaced our individual ability to adapt. But is the answer to treat healthy physiology with drugs, as Goldsmith's discussion of Dr Eaton's work implies?  I am stunned at the suggestion that the conflict between women's present-day social and career strivings vs their ancestral biology, which perhaps makes it physically healthier to have children earlier in life, be resolved with pharmaceuticals. Female biology is not a pathology that mandates intervention. It is a pervasive fact of life that myth and medicine have long served to mystify and deny. In the past, menstruation and pregnancy were often viewed as pathological
Bilateral sequential lung transplantation for end stage septic lung disease.
Authors: A Hasan, P A Corris, M Healy, N Wrightson, A D Gascoigne, D A Waller, I Wilson, C J Hilton, F K Gould, J Forty
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Bilateral sequential lung transplantation (BSLT) has been widely adopted as an alternative to combined heart and lung transplantation for the management of end stage septic lung disease in many transplant centres.A retrospective review was undertaken of the first 32 consecutive patients with septic lung disease to undergo BSLT at the Freeman Hospital.Between April 1988 and October 1994 32 patients underwent BSLT. Survival at 30 days was 85% and actuarial survival at one year was 70%. Improved pulmonary function was seen in all surviving patients.BSLT for septic lung disease offers comparable survival to heart-lung transplantation, with excellent functional results. Long term results may be superior because the disadvantages of transplanting the heart are avoided.
POEMS syndrome: Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Angela Dispenzieri*
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Disease overview: POEMS syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome due to an underlying plasma cell neoplasm. The major criteria for the syndrome are polyradiculoneuropathy, clonal plasma cell disorder (PCD), sclerotic bone lesions, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor, and the presence of Castleman disease. Minor features include organomegaly, endocrinopathy, characteristic skin changes, papilledema, extravascular volume overload, and thrombocytosis. Diagnoses are often delayed because the syndrome is rare and can be mistaken for other neurologic disorders, most commonly chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. POEMS syndrome should be distinguished from the Castleman disease variant of POEMS syndrome, which has no clonal PCD and typically little to no peripheral neuropathy but has several of the minor diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of POEMS syndrome is made with 3 of the major criteria, two of which must include polyradiculoneuropathy and clonal plasma cell disorder, and at least one of the minor criteria. Risk stratification: Because the pathogenesis of the syndrome is not well understood, risk stratification is limited to clinical phenotype rather than specific molecular markers. The number of clinical criteria is not prognostic, but the extent of the plasma cell disorder is. Those patients with an iliac crest bone marrow biopsy that does not reveal a plasma cell clone are candidates for local radiation therapy; those with a more extensive or disseminated clone will be candidates for systemic therapy. Risk‐adapted therapy: For those patients with a dominant sclerotic plasmacytoma, first line therapy is irradiation. Patients with diffuse sclerotic lesions or disseminated bone marrow involvement and for those who have progression of their disease 3 to 6 months after completing radiation therapy should receive systemic therapy. Corticosteroids are temporizing, but alkylators are the mainstay of treatment, either in the form of low dose conventional therapy or high dose with stem cell transplantation. The benefit of anti‐VEGF antibodies is conflicting. Lenalidomide shows promise with manageable toxicity. Thalidomide and bortezomib also have activity, but their benefit needs to be weighed against their risk of exacerbating the peripheral neuropathy. Prompt recognition and institution of both supportive care measures and therapy directed against the plasma cell result in the best outcomes. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laser acupuncture in children and adolescents with exercise induced asthma
Authors: W Gruber
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Background: Laser acupuncture, a painless technique, is a widely used alternative treatment method for childhood asthma, although its efficacy has not been proved in controlled clinical studies. Methods: A double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study was performed to investigate the possible protective effect of a single laser acupuncture treatment on cold dry air hyperventilation induced bronchoconstriction in 44 children and adolescents of mean age 11.9 years (range 7.5–16.7) with exercise induced asthma. Laser acupuncture was performed on real and placebo points in random order on two consecutive days. Lung function was measured before laser acupuncture, immediately after laser acupuncture (just before cold dry air challenge (CACh)), and 3 and 15 minutes after CACh. CACh consisted of a 4 minute isocapnic hyperventilation of –10°C absolute dry air. Results: Comparison of real acupuncture with placebo acupuncture showed no significant differences in the mean maximum CACh induced decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (27.2 (18.2)% <i>v</i> 23.8 (16.2)%) and maximal expiratory flow at 25% remaining vital capacity (51.6 (20.8)% <i>v</i> 44.4 (22.3)%). Conclusions: A single laser acupuncture treatment offers no protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction in paediatric and adolescent patients.
The <i>In Vivo</i> Environment Accelerates Generation of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor–Dependent Mycobacteria
Authors: Obolbek Turapov, Sarah Glenn, Bavesh Kana, Vadim Makarov, Peter W. Andrew, Galina V. Mukamolova
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Dr. Kawada has raised an important question about the sensitivity setting of the actigraphy used in our study (1).For