tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure and Cancer Outcomes in a Contaminated Community: A Geographic Analysis
Authors: Verónica M. Vieira, Kate Hoffman, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Janice M. Weinberg, Thomas F. Webster, Tony Fletcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been linked to cancer in occupational mortality studies and animal toxicologic research.Objective: We investigated the relationship between PFOA exposure and cancer among residents living near the DuPont Teflon-manufacturing plant in Parkersburg, West Virginia (WV).Methods: Our analyses included incident cases of 18 cancers diagnosed from 1996 through 2005 in five Ohio (OH) counties and eight WV counties. For analyses of each cancer outcome, controls comprised all other cancers in the study data set except kidney, pancreatic, testicular, and liver cancers, which have been associated with PFOA in animal or human studies. We applied logistic regression models to individual-level data to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). For the combined analysis of OH and WV data, the exposure of interest was resident water district. Within OH, geocoded addresses were integrated with a PFOA exposure model to examine the relationship between cancer odds and categories of estimated PFOA serum.Results: Our final data set included 7,869 OH cases and 17,238 WV cases. There was a positive association between kidney cancer and the very high and high serum exposure categories [AOR = 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.9) n = 9 and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.3, 3.2) n = 22, respectively] and a null association with the other exposure categories compared with the unexposed. The largest AOR was for testicular cancer with the very high exposure category [2.8 (95% CI: 0.8, 9.2) n = 6], but there was an inverse association with the lower exposure groups, and all estimates were imprecise because of small case numbers.Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher PFOA serum levels may be associated with testicular, kidney, prostate, and ovarian cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Strengths of this study include near-complete case ascertainment for state residents and well-characterized contrasts in predicted PFOA serum levels from six contaminated water supplies.
Ruptured Uterus after Buccal Oxytocin
Authors: P. M. Leney
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The argument, which is now occasionally put forward, that there should be some relaxation of the stringent discipline meted out to doctors who have sexual relations with their patients was given a severe rebuff by the Privy Council in a recent appeal from a decision of the General Medical Council.'The appeal was brought by Colin Kenneth McCoan from a decision of the Disciplinary Committee of the General Medical Council on 24 July 1963 that his name be erased from the Register.2The facts charged against Mr.McCoan were that from July 1959 until September 1960 he maintained an improper association with one of his patients and had frequent sexual intercourse with her both at his surgery and at her home.
The Use of Cholecystokinin to Test Gall Bladder Function in Man
Authors: P. Burton, A. A. Harper, H. T. Howat, J. E. Scott, H. Varley
Journal: Gut (1960)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Large vessel occlusion (LVO) is estimated to account for up to 39% of all ischemic strokes with around 50–60% of them resulting in post-ischemic stroke dependency and 96% of all post-ischemic stroke mortality. Advanced imaging modalities and efficient stroke systems of care have resulted in faster reperfusion times. There is limited data on the outcomes of thrombectomy as a function of age. We present a retrospective analysis on thrombectomy in younger (age 18–49 years) versus older (age &gt;50 years) patients. <h3>Method</h3> <h3>Retrospective single center analysis</h3> Using the ‘SlicerDicer’ tool and our Cerebrovascular Stroke Database, we identified patients treated between 2017–2021, and performed an analysis of thrombectomy outcomes and predictors by age. <h3>Results</h3> We have identified 48 patients between the age of 18–49 (‘younger’ group), and 436 over the age of 50 (‘older’ group). There were more males in the younger group (64.6% vs 48.1%; p=0.03) Younger versus older patients showed higher rates of favorable reperfusion (TICI2b-3) at 93.7% vs. 72.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.0016) and better clinical outcomes (mRS 0–2) at 77.1% vs. 32.3% (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001). The older group required more passes to achieve recanalization (4 or more passes: 4.3% vs 16.2%; p=0.035). Mortality rate was significantly less in the younger population (8.3% vs, 22.1%; <i>p</i>=0.026). We found that median groin puncture to reperfusion time was lower in younger population (32 vs. 69 mins; <i>p</i>=0.0044). The median groin puncture to first pass time was lower in younger population (32 vs 69 mins; p=0.056), but it failed to show statistical significance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Younger patients had better outcomes than their older counterparts after mechanical thrombectomy in our analysis. Other than younger age, higher rates of reperfusion, earlier recanalization, and less passes to recanalization were seen in association with better observed outcomes. A larger analysis is planned to identify further predictors of outcome in different age groups. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>R. Chandra:</b> None. <b>A. Kharal:</b> None. <b>T. Patterson:</b> None. <b>N. Moore:</b> None. <b>S. Hussain:</b> None. <b>G. Toth:</b> None.
Behavioral Sexual Risk-Reduction Counseling in Primary Care to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Elizabeth A. O'Connor, Jennifer S. Lin, Brittany U. Burda, Jillian T. Henderson, Emily S. Walsh, Evelyn P. Whitlock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and preventable.To update a previous systematic review about the benefits and harms of sexual risk-reduction counseling to prevent STIs for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.Selected databases from January 2007 through October 2013, manual searches of references lists and gray literature, and studies from the previous review.English-language fair- or good-quality trials conducted in adolescents or adults.One investigator abstracted data and a second checked the abstraction. Study quality was dual-reviewed.31 trials were included: 16 (n=56,110) were newly published and 15 (n=14,214) were from the previous review. Most trials targeted persons at increased risk for STIs based on sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behavior, or history of an STI. High-intensity (>2 hours) interventions reduced STI incidence in adolescents (odds ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.60]) and adults (odds ratio, 0.70 [CI, 0.56 to 0.87]). Lower-intensity interventions were generally not effective in adults, but some approaches were promising. Although moderate-intensity interventions may be effective in adolescents, data were very sparse. Reported behavioral outcomes were heterogeneous and most likely to show a benefit with high-intensity interventions at 6 months or less. No consistent evidence was found that sexual risk-reduction counseling was harmful.Low-risk populations and male adolescents were underrepresented. Reliability of self-reported behavioral outcomes was unknown.High-intensity counseling on sexual risk reduction can reduce STIs in primary care and related settings, especially in sexually active adolescents and in adults at increased risk for STIs.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Abstract 5513: Targeting brain tumor initiating cells in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition with disulfiram
Authors: Seung A. Choi, Jung Won Choi, Kyu-Chang Wang, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Yong Hwy Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Seung-Ki Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are one of the most malignant pediatric brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity from brain tumors have a number of characteristics that are expected of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ALDH inhibition using disulfiram (DSF) against BTICs from AT/RT. Primary cultured BTICs from AT/RT were stained with Aldefluor and isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Therapeutic effect of DSF against BTICs from AT/RT was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo studies. AT/RT showed high expression of ALDH. DSF significantly inhibited ALDH enzyme activity of AT/RT cells. DSF decreased self-renewal ability, cell viability, proliferation potential and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest on ALDH+ AT/RT cells. DSF showed more potent cytotoxic effect to ALDH+ AT/RT cells compared to standard anti-cancer agents including ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide. Importantly, DSF reduced metabolite (metabolism?) of ALDH+ AT/RT cells by increasing NAD+ ratio and regulating SIRT1, NF-κB, Lin28A/B and miRNA let-7g. Notably, treatment with DSF did not have considerable effect on the normal neural stem cells and fibroblasts. Animals in the DSF-treated group demonstrated a significant survival benefit (105 days of median survival in the DSF-treated group versus 91 days in the control group, p = 0.0219). Our study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of DSF against BTICs from AT/RT and suggested the possibility of ALDH inhibition for clinical application. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Seung Ah Choi, Jung Won Choi, Kyu-Chang Wang, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Yong Hwy Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Seung-Ki Kim. Targeting brain tumor initiating cells in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition with disulfiram. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5513
Surgical Use of Pancreatic Dornase
Authors: Edward H. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE ESTABLISHMENT of a tracheostomy is a routine procedure in most patients who undergo radical surgery for extirpation of cancer of the oropharynx. Obviously the normal body mechanisms for humidification of the tracheobronchial tree are bypassed; therefore an artificial method is required to prevent drying of secretions, crusting within the trachea, and obstruction of the bronchioles which may lead to atelectasis, pneumonia, and tracheitis secca. The morbidity in these patients is due in large part to such complications. Such agents as boric acid, saline solutions, wetting agents, etc., have long been introduced into the trachea in an attempt to prevent this drying of secretions, without complete satisfaction. In recent years, various enzymatic substances have been used in treating chronic pulmonary diseases to effect lysis of these tenacious pulmonary secretions by changing the viscosity. Armstrong and White<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that viscous purulent exudates could be liquified by deoxyribonuclease. Sherry et al.
Serologic Diagnosis of Disseminated Candidiasis in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Authors: HARVEY D. PREISLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Agglutinating and precipitating antibodies against Candida albicans were measured in serial antemortem serum samples obtained during the last 1 to 5 months of life of 33 patients dying of acute leukemia at the National Cancer Institute between 1965 and 1967. Of the 23 patients who had visceral candidiasis on autopsy, 14 exhibited a significant rise in agglutinating antibody titer, and only 4 developed precipitating antibodies. None of the 10 patients who did not have visceral candidiasis on autopsy exhibited a rise in antibody titer before death. A correct antemortem diagnosis of visceral candidiasis was made in only four patients. A significant rise in antibody titer is a reliable indicator of visceral candidiasis and will increase the frequency with which an antemortem diagnosis of visceral candidiasis is made and thus will permit antifungal treatment to be administered. It is suggested that all patient groups that are at high risk with respect to fungal disease be followed with periodic determination of agglutinating antibody titer.
Natural history and therapy of 66 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Alan H. Bryce, Robert A. Kyle, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Cryoglobulinemia, a relatively uncommon disorder, is classified into types I, II, and III, with type II consisting of a monoclonal immunoglobulin possessing activity toward a polyclonal component. Many disease associations and therapies have been described but clinical trials are few, and the natural history, causes, therapy, and pathways of cryoglobulinemia require further investigation. Here, we describe the symptoms, comorbidities, treatments, and response of 66 patients with type II cryoglobulinemia by examining the records of all patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, between 3/2/1994 and 11/27/2000, using our prospective dysproteinemia database. Symptoms varied greatly among patients and during the disease course. Most common were purpura (55% of patients), renal disease (26%), edema (24%), neuropathy (18%), and arthralgia (21%). Renal disease required the most aggressive intervention. Laboratory findings did not correlate with disease manifestations or severity. Only age was a significant predictor of mortality. Ten patients had cryoglobulinemia without an identified comorbidity. Thirty-three patients had viral hepatitis alone, 6 had a lymphoproliferative disorder alone, and 5 had a rheumatologic disease alone. Ten patients had a combination of disorders, such that hepatitis C was identified in a total of 40 patients, lymphoproliferative disorders in 16, and rheumatologic disease in 8. Twenty-two different treatments were administered. Corticosteroids were the most common treatment, followed by interferon with or without ribavirin. Type II cryoglobulinemia is a nonfatal disease most frequently associated with hepatitis C. Treatment is generally directed at the underlying condition. Not all patients require treatment, and many can be followed and treated symptomatically. Am. J. Hematol. 81:511–518, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A106: Rituximab Use in Pediatric Antiphospholipid Antibody Positive Patients
Authors: Cassyanne Aguiar, Thomas Lehman, Doruk Erkan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Rituximab (RTX) has been increasingly used in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS); our objective was to review the literature on the outcomes of RTX-treated antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positive pediatric patients.



Methods:

PubMed/Ovid were queried for “rituximab” and “pediatric” or “children” and “aPL”, “APS”, “lupus anticoagulant (LA)”, “anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL)” and/or “anti-β2-Glycoprotein-I antibodies (aβ2GPI)”. Information obtained was demographics, aPL/APS history, RTX indication/dose/duration, medications, and pre/post RTX aPL results. We systematically analyzed: a) clinical outcomes only in patients treated with RTX for aPL-specific indications; and b) pre/post RTX aPL profiles in all patients.



Results:

As of Jan 2014, 14 articles and one abstract reported 23 aPL-positive pediatric patients (≤18 years) treated with RTX (mean age: 13 ± 4.6 [3m−17 y]; Primary aPL/APS: 5 [22%]; aPL/APS with lupus 17 [74%], and malignancy 1 [4%]). 11/23 (48%) patients received RTX for an aPL-related indication (recurrent thromboses/microthromboses: 6, thrombocytopenia: 7, hemolytic anemia: 2, skin ulcer/necrosis: 2, aPL-nephropathy: 1); all patients had “improvement” and/or “no further thrombosis” as per authors' assessment. 1 describes the pre/post RTX aPL profiles. Rituximab regimens were: 375 mg/m2 weekly for 2–4 weeks (8), 1 gm 1–2 weeks apart for two doses (2), 750 mg/m2 weekly for 2 weeks (5), other (5), and unknown (3). Medications most commonly used prior to RTX were cyclophosphamide (14), azathioprine (9), mycophenolate mofetil (9), and IVIG (8). Steroids were used in all cases with cyclophosphamide and anticoagulation concomitantly in 8 and 6 cases, respectively.


Table 1. 	Pre-RTX aPL (N = 23)	Post-RTX aPL Positive_Negative_Unknown


a

(1) tested 2/3 aPL with 1/2 aPL tested twice (aCL repeat value reported “positive”) pre-RTX; (2) tested 1/3 aPL with repeat testing showing change to negative before RTX; (1) tested 3/3 aPL with repeat aCL positivity (tested only 2 weeks apart).




	
LA	
Positive	9	(2_0_7)	
Negative	4	(0_2_2)	
Unknown	10	(0_0_10)	
aCL IgG/M/A	
Positive (≥ 20U)	17	(1_9_7)	
Positive (≥ 40U)	6	(0_4a_2)	
Negative (< 20U)	3	(0_0_3)	
Unknown	3	(0_0_3)	
aβ2GPI IgG/M/A	
Positive (≥ 20U)	3	(1_0_2)	
Positive (≥ 40U)	0	(0_0_0)	
Negative (< 20U)	1	(0_1_0)	
Unknown	19	(0_0_19)	



Conclusion:

Our systematic analysis of the literature for the outcomes of RTX-treated aPL-positive pediatric patients demonstrate: a) the number of patients is small with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and aPL profile; b) patients had clinical improvement of the aPL-related manifestation, however in all cases RTX was used concomitantly with other immununosuppressive medications, steroids and/or anticoagulation; c) no patient with a clinically significant aPL profile (LA and/or moderate-to high titer aCL/aβ2GPI) switched to a negative aPL (LA, aCL, and aβ22GPI) following treatment only with Rituximab.
Abstract 2480: Role of Stat1 in epithelial carcinogenesis
Authors: Ronald Bozeman, Erika Abel, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant expression and/ or activity of STATs 1, 3, and 5 have been reported in multiple human cancers as well as in murine models of tumorigenesis. Previous work performed in our lab demonstrated a critical role for Stat3 in mediating the initiation and promotion stages of epithelial multi-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. In light of these findings, we have begun investigating the role of other STATs, particularly Stat1, in multistage skin carcinogenesis using both wild-type and Stat1 knockout (KO) mice. Western blot analyses revealed that topical application of the skin tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and chrysarobin induced phosphorylation of Stat1 in mouse epidermis. In addition, following treatment with chrysarobin, the level of total Stat1 protein was also dramatically elevated. To further investigate the role of Stat1 during epithelial carcinogenesis, Stat1 KO mice and wild-type littermates were initiated with 25 nmol DMBA and promoted with either 6.8 nmol TPA or 220 nmol chrysarobin. No significant differences were observed in either tumor incidence or multiplicity when TPA was used as the promoting agent, suggesting that Stat1 does not play a significant role in TPA-mediated skin tumor promotion. In contrast, Stat1 KO mice exhibited a dramatic reduction in both tumor multiplicity and incidence as compared to wild-type littermates when chrysarobin was used as the promoting agent. Additionally, following topical treatment with chrysarobin, Stat1 KO mice had a reduced epidermal proliferative response. To further investigate the impact of Stat1 deletion on chrysarobin-induced tumor promotion, Stat1 KO mice and wild-type controls were treated topically with chrysarobin and the inflammatory response was assessed. Stat1 KO mice displayed a significant reduction in Cox-2 induction compared to wild-type controls. Preliminary findings also showed that Stat1 KO mice have reduced immune cell influx following chrysarobin treatment. To investigate the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the effects of chrysarobin on Stat1 activation, the dorsal skin of FVB mice were pre-treated topically with the anti-oxidants ascorbyl palmitate and α-tocopherol acetate. Topical application of α-tocopherol acetate significantly attenuated the epidermal proliferative response and Stat1 activation suggesting that chrysarobin-mediated generation of ROS may play a role in its effects on Stat1 during tumor promotion. Additional studies are underway to further determine the mechanistic basis for the role of Stat1 in chrysarobin-mediated tumor promotion. Supported by NIH grant CA 76520. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2480.
Rheumatoid Meningitis: A Localized Immune Process
Authors: JOSEPH A. MARKENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Rheumatoid pachymeningitis is a rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis. This disease was confined to the dura and pia-arachnoid of the lumbar cord in our patient. Her neurologic deficits responded to surgical decompression and corticosteroid therapy. Radiologic evidence and the differences in cell count, protein, and glucose content between lumbar and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid indicate that rheumatoid pachymeningitis can be localized to a discrete region of the central nervous system. Elevated immunoglobulins, IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors, low molecular weight IgM, and immune complexes were found in the cerebrospinal fluid and implicate an immune reaction in the pathogenesis of this disease, which is probably similar to inflammatory processes involving other organs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Prevention of Surgical Wound Infection
Authors: HIRAM C. POLK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Operative wound infection is examined through classifications based on estimation of frequency, severity, and sources of infection. These classifications help in identifying preventive and corrective measures. All surgeons are concerned with postoperative infection because it can convert a superior technical result into a disaster. The analysis of postoperative infection is complicated by the complex and constantly changing relations among host, challenging microbe, and the existing antimicrobial measures. The effect of physical, pharmacologic, and biological variables is estimated with emphasis on measures that promise further control of infection in the surgical patient. Proposals are offered for further efforts in controlling this hazard.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration using 22- and 25-gauge needles alternately
Authors: S. Iqbal, R. Mir, W. Sohn
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

During endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), the standard size of needle used is a 22-gauge needle. Larger needles have been used to obtain actual core tissue samples [1] [2] [3], but their has failed to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy for malignancy [2] [3] [4], except perhaps in the case of unusual histology [5]. On the contrary, a new, smaller-caliber (25-gauge) needle has been introduced to the market by Wilson-Cook Medical Inc. (Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA). The purpose of this study was to compare the 22- and 25-gauge needles for adequacy of tissue acquisition and diagnostic yield.