tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental genotoxicity: probing the underlying mechanisms.
Authors: L Shugart, C Theodorakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Environmental pollution is a complex issue because of the diversity of anthropogenic agents, both chemical and physical, that have been detected and catalogued. The consequences to biota from exposure to genotoxic agents present an additional problem because of the potential for these agents to produce adverse change at the cellular and organismal levels. Past studies in genetic toxicology at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have focused on structural damage to the DNA of environmental species that may occur after exposure to genotoxic agents and the use of this information to document exposure and to monitor remediation. In an effort to predict effects at the population, community, and ecosystem levels, current studies in genetic ecotoxicology are attempting to characterize the biologic mechanisms at the gene level that regulate and limit the response of an individual organism to genotoxic factors in their environment.
THE RÔLE OF CONDITIONED RESPONSES IN EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES OF WAR
Authors: NORBERT BROMBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. The failure of agreement on several aspects of the emotional disturbances of war is cited and some factors considered responsible for this impasse are listed and examined. 2. The rôle of violent stimuli of war conditions on the nervous system is emphasized and their significance is considered in the light of experimental studies of conditioned responses. 3. The resulting symptoms in previously stable individuals is discussed, and the name, traumatic neurotoid state, is suggested for the picture presented.
The Anaesthetist and Intensive Care
Authors: W. W. Mushin, J. N. Lunn
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Intensive care and its development is part of an evolutionary process in the general organization of hospital medical practice. No new disease process is involved, and this alone should be sufficient to support our view that intensive care does not call for the creation of a new specialty. The experience, skill, and knowledge of anaesthetists qualify them to fill vital roles in intensive care, but it is of paramount importance that in doing so they should neither neglect nor abdicate from their own special field of medical work from which their unique expertise derives.
Effect of a platelet release fraction on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: V. FALANGA, STEPHANIE P. ALSTADT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Confluent cultures of dermal fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and healthy controls were investigated for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in response to a platelet release fraction (PRF) obtained by treatment of pooled platelets from normal individuals with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). PRF, at concentrations of 1 to 50 micrograms protein/ml, produced a linear increase in GAG synthesis that was always greater in cultures of PSS fibroblasts than in cultures of normal fibroblasts (P less than 0.001). A partial inhibition of GAG synthesis was observed with 100 micrograms/ml of PRF. The increased GAG synthesis in cultures incubated with PRF was not due to ADP. These findings demonstrate a difference in response to PRF between PSS and normal fibroblasts and may reflect an increased responsiveness of PSS fibroblasts to platelet factors.
Recurrent Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Authors: Stanley N. Faro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SECOND attacks of poliomyelitis with paralysis have been reported only infrequently in the literature.1 2 3 4 5 No case has been found in which virus was isolated in both attacks. The case reported below is believed to be the first in which two different polioviruses, each associated with clinical illness and paralysis, have been isolated in 1 patient. This account is the result of an investigation conducted in Hudson County, New Jersey, by the New Jersey State Department of Health and the Communicable Disease Center of the United States Public Health Service.Case ReportA 3-year-old colored girl was admitted to the Pediatric . . .
A SIMPLE SKELETONIZED PLASTER SPLINT FOR THE CERVICAL SPINE
Authors: Sam W. Banks
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Physiologic rest for the cervical spine is the treatment of choice for fracture, fracture dislocation, arthritis, radiculitis and other orthopedic or neurologic lesions involving the anatomic structures that lie between the base of the skull and the thorax. Continuous immobilization for a prolonged period of time, as following fracture or dislocation of a cervical vertebra, is accomplished with greatest efficiency by a neatly applied plaster cast. A more difficult problem in splinting is presented by those patients who require, for use during the day, a light and effective support which may be removed at night or for physical therapy procedures. If a particular type of cervical collar is to serve the greatest field of usefulness, it must be quickly available and the cost must be within the means of the average patient. Commercially prepared braces for the cervical spine are, for the most part, unsatisfactory in that they are bulky
The effect of an eucaloric high carbohydrate diet on circulating levels of glucose, fructose and non-esterified fatty acids in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Alec Avgerinos, David Harry, Stavros Bousboulas, Evangelia Theodossiadou, Vasiliki Komesidou, Athina Pallikari, Sotos Raptis, Neil McIntyre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1992)
Can Fragmented QRS on 12 Derivation ECG Be Used As a Predictor of in Hospital Mortality in Patients Admitted with Acute ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Zülkif Tanrıverdi, Mustafa Aytek Şimşek, Hüseyin Dursun, Barış Ünal, Ümmü Tas, Efe Edem, Fatih Aytemiz, İlhan Koyuncu, Mehmet Akif Ekinci, Mehmet Eyüboğlu, Ömer Kozan, Dayimi Kaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
These Hairs Now Blossom Whiter than the Swan
Authors: Raymond G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Androgens have been, at least those "strong" ones, thought responsible for the growth of hair on the face and head of man and indeed, likewise, indicted for the bald top. To add more confusion I hereby submit the case history of a man proven to have prostatic cancer, and who, though he had been bald for many years, began to notice the "return" of hair during "estrogen" therapy after orchiectomies. A 58-year-old man with proven carcinoma of the prostate was first seen in October 1961. Bilateral orchiectomies were performed followed by a ten-day course of diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol), 1 gm given intravenously daily. He was discharged and told to take chlorotrinisene, 12 mg daily. In March 1962, the chlorotrinisene was discontinued and diethylstilbestrol 5 mg three times daily was given. In December 1962, severe bone pain responded to another 14-day course of diethylstilbestrol. At this time noticeable new
A Great Constitutional Disturbance
Authors: Robert L. Sheridan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Serious injury causes “a great constitutional disturbance,” as Daniel Drake, a surgeon, said in describing his own burn injury in 1830.1 The disturbance includes an initial “ebb phase” of immediate post-injury hypoperfusion, followed by an intense and often protracted “flow phase” characterized by fever, hyperdynamic circulation, insulin-resistant hyperglycemia, and protein catabolism that persists throughout the period of recovery or until death.2 The changes are thought to be driven by some combination of tissue hypoxia, breakdown of the gut barrier, evaporative water loss, and infection. Unfortunately, the biology behind this response, which occurs in most mammals, has proved so complex that . . .
A 300 kilobase interval genetic map of rice including 883 expressed sequences
Authors: N. Kurata, Y. Nagamura, K. Yamamoto, Y. Harushima, N. Sue, J. Wu, B.A. Antonio, A. Shomura, T. Shimizu, S-Y. Lin, T. Inoue, A. Fukuda, T. Shimano, Y. Kuboki, T. Toyama, Y. Miyamoto, T. Kirihara, K. Hayasaka, A. Miyao, L. Monna, H.S. Zhong, Y. Tamura, Z-X, Wang, T. Momma, Y. Umehara, M. Yano, T. Sasaki, Y. Minobe
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
The eosinophil in airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma: participant or bystander?
Authors: M Soth
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Lee JJ, Dimina D, Macias MP, et al . Defining a link with asthma in mice congenitally deficient in eosinophils. Science2004;305:1773–6 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ▴ Humbles AA, Lloyd CM, McMillan SJ, et al . A critical role for eosinophils in allergic airways remodelling. Science2004;305:1776–9 [OpenUrl][3][Abstract/FREE Full Text][4] While the presence of eosinophils in asthma has long been recognised, it remains unclear whether they are directly involved in the pathogenesis of asthma or are merely an epiphenomenon. Both Lee et al and Humbles et al used an acute inhaled allergen challenge with ovalbumin as a model of asthma. Lee et … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.issn%253D0036-8075%26rft.aulast%253DLee%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D305%26rft.issue%253D5691%26rft.spage%253D1773%26rft.epage%253D1776%26rft.atitle%253DDefining%2Ba%2BLink%2Bwith%2BAsthma%2Bin%2BMice%2BCongenitally%2BDeficient%2Bin%2BEosinophils%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.1099472%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15375267%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=sci&resid=305/5691/1773&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F12%2F1051.atom [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.issn%253D0036-8075%26rft.aulast%253DHumbles%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D305%26rft.issue%253D5691%26rft.spage%253D1776%26rft.epage%253D1779%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BCritical%2BRole%2Bfor%2BEosinophils%2Bin%2BAllergic%2BAirways%2BRemodeling%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.1100283%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15375268%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=sci&resid=305/5691/1776&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F12%2F1051.atom
RATE OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN HYPO- AND HYPERTHYROID RATS
Authors: Sanford O. Byers, Ray H. Rosenman, Meyer Friedman, Max W. Biggs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The rate of cholesterol synthesis, measured by the rate of incorporation of tritium from body water into the cholesterol molecule, was found to be greater than normal in the hyperthyroid rat and below normal in the hypo-thyroid rat.
Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Reflections on Glue and Other Things
Authors: Patricia Ferrieri
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Schwartz and colleagues (p 1790) describe the results of a randomized comparative trial of seven vs ten days of orally administered penicillin therapy for group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. Although recommendations for ten days of orally administered penicillin (erythromycin in penicillin-sensitive patients) have been followed for several years,<sup>1</sup>there has been relatively little information in the literature on the merits or disadvantages of seven vs ten days of orally administered penicillin treatment in children with acute infection. The design of the present study is comprehensive for confirming the bacteriologic diagnosis in clinically ill patients, in monitoring for patient antibiotic compliance, and in surveying with throat cultures for bacterial eradication of the group A streptococci at intervals after treatment. Failure to eradicate streptococci (defined as persistence or recurrence of the same group A streptococcal serotype between one and 21 days after the end of therapy)
Immunological Aspects of Allergic Asthma
Authors: B S Bochner, B J Undem, L M Lichtenstein
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Abstract P3-15-09: Impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors on febrile neutropenia risk during early-stage breast cancer treatment
Authors: SS Ben Abdallah, N Letarte, C Messier, D Charpentier, L Yelle, R Younan, A Bestawros
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a significant cause of both mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC). The risk of FN varies with respect to the type of chemotherapy used and patient-specific characteristics. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) are recommended, but not mandatory, as primary prophylaxis for patients at high-risk of FN. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of filgrastim and pegfilgastrim on the incidence of FN during adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ESBC. Risk factors for FN were also assessed. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 297 consecutive patients undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ESBC between May 2010 and May 2012. Patients on clinical trials were excluded. 173 patients (58%) received primary G-CSF prophylaxis whereas 124 (42%) did not. In patients receiving G-CSF prophylaxis, filgrastim was more commonly prescribed (59.9%), due to reimbursement reasons in Quebec. In total, 38 patients (12.8%) manifested at least one episode of FN. The incidence of FN was significantly reduced in patients receiving primary prophylaxis with G-CSF (p = 0.012). The most commonly prescribed chemotherapy protocols were FEC-D (5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel), AC-T (Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel), and TC (docetaxel and cyclophosphamide). The use of G-CSF as primary prophylaxis was associated with a decrease in FN incidence in patients receiving FEC-D and TC. Table 1 Incidence of febrile neutropenia in early-stage breast cancer chemotherapy G-CSF primary prophylaxis N = 173Absence of G-CSF prophylaxis N = 124 N (%)N (%) Febrile neutropenia (all chemotherapy)15 (9)23 (19)p = 0.012*TC4/51 (8)5/11 (45)p = 0.01*FEC-D6/59 (10)8/27 (30)p = 0.023*AC-T3/31 (10)8/63 (13)p = 0.668* denotes statistical significance at p &amp;lt; 0.05 One death occurred in a patient receiving FEC-D who had not received prophylaxis. There was no significant difference in the dosing of filgrastim between patients with FN (mean dose received = 5.289 mcg/kg) and those without FN (mean = 5.167mcg/kg) (p = 0.742). Furthermore, previously described risk factors for FN such as age, comorbidities and decreased baseline albumin were not associated with an increased of FN in our study. Although this was a retrospective study with inherent limitations, our cohort included, to our knowledge, the largest number of patients in a study of G-CSF use in ESBC. We found a statistically significant reduction of FN in patients receiving primary G-CSF prophylaxis. Primary prophylaxis should be routinely offered to patients undergoing chemotherapy for ESBC and in particular, to those receiving docetaxel-containing regimens. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-15-09.
The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges' statement on clinical research in the UK
Authors: Carol Black, Andy Adam, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Susan Bews, Brenda Billington, David Coggon, John Donohoe, Neil Douglas, Steve Field, Ian Gilmore, Patricia Hamilton, David Haslam, Judith Hulf, Frank Keane, Alan Maryon Davis, John Black, Adrian Newland, John Orr, Jim Wardrope, Brian Williams, Derrick Willmot
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
William Carlos Williams
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Editorials1 November 1983William Carlos WilliamsEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D., KATHLEEN CASEEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KATHLEEN CASESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-719 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFew people can pursue two callings in parallel throughout their lives and succeed in both. One exception was William Carlos Williams, physician in Rutherford, New Jersey, and major poet for twentieth-century America. September marked the hundredth anniversary of his birth; this centenary stimulated publication of articles in several journals. Last December we published an essay by Richard Ratzan ( 1 ) that focussed on connections between Williams' lives in his two callings. A fine appreciation of Williams as a poet by contemporary medical poet, John Stone of Emory University, appeared in the 16 September issue (2) of theJournal of...References1. RATZAN R. "NO wreaths please": for William Carlos Williams. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:933-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STONE J. A lifetime of careful listening: a centennial retrospective on the work of William Carlos Williams (1883-1963). JAMA. 1983;250:1421-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CIARDI J. William Carlos Williams and his poetry. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:681-3. Google Scholar4. WILLIAMS W. William Carlos Williams: my father the doctor. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:673-6. Google Scholar5. CALDWELL W. William Carlos Williams: the doctor. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:709-11. Google Scholar6. OBER W. William Carlos Williams: the influence of a medical practice. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:715-8. Google Scholar7. KATCHER A. William Carlos Williams: physican and poet. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:723-7. Google Scholar8. GIARELLI A. The medical nature of William Carlos Williams. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:738-40. Google Scholar9. KROSNICK A. William Carlos Williams and Charles Demuth. J Med Soc New Jersey. 1983;80:701-5. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.; KATHLEEN CASE PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byScientific Fraud and Other Types of Scientific MisconductNickel Carbon σ-Bonded Complexes 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 719-719KeywordsBirth ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Malaria: Immunity: Absence of Negro Immunity: Variety: As Illustrated by the Incidence of the Disease on Various Races in Sierra Leone
Authors: Fred. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1898)

olemic, the fact that I am in the position of locally depreciating what may to some extent be.regarded as a commercial article is extremely distasteful to me.At the same time, I should be the last to fail to appreciate that M. Calmette's pro- duction of antitoxin is the outcome of pure enthusiasm for science and humanity.The tiresomeness, expense, and great patience required to produce a serum of any considerable antitoxic power against snake venom I know from personal experience, and I can only congratulate M. Calmette on having shown that it was possible to do this, and on having gained some measure of success.I doubt not that he will soon succeed in procuring a serum possessed of greater po- tency, and I assure him that I shall be delighted to hear of his success, and to do what may be in my power to encourage its use in Australia.
THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA OF 1900.
Authors: JOSEPH P. REMINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The United States Pharmacopeia occupies a unique position among the pharmacopeias of the world. Its authority is established throughout the country, mainly through the voluntary assent of the physicians and pharmacists of the United States. It is true that the government is represented in the convention through the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Marine-Hospital Service, and the custom houses recognize the work in their regulations for the admission of drugs into the country; many of our state laws acknowledge the authority of the book by demanding a compliance with its established standards; but the fact remains that the work is not revised or published by the government, but through a representative body of physicians and pharmacists assembled in convention every ten years in the City of Washington. The thoroughly republican method of reaching the consensus of opinion in both professions, in giving expression of these by the decennial revisions
Early treatment of avascular necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A A Kalla, I D Learmonth, P Klemp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hips is associated with significant disability, and the majority of established cases require major surgery. In a retrospective analysis of 185 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 13 (7%) were found to have AVN. Of these, six had Raynaud's phenomenon, all had been on corticosteroids, and one had digital vasculitis. The mean duration of corticosteroid therapy was two years (range four months to five years). Five patients developed AVN two to 10 years after discontinuing steroids. The mean duration of disease at the onset of AVN was 6.85 years (range 1-19 years), and the mean age at onset of AVN was 31 years. Ten patients had severe multisystem involvement. None of the patients abused alcohol. Surgery was performed on 11 hips. Three had total hip replacement for stages 3 and 4 and seven had core decompression for stages 1 and 2. AVN progressed in two (28%) of these patients. In another patient core decompression failed for technical reasons. She subsequently required total hip replacement. The early detection of AVN to avoid the need for major surgery is stressed.
Novel Cancer Antiangiotherapy Using the VEGF Promoter-targeted Artificial Zinc-finger Protein and Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Yoon-A Kang, Hyun-Chul Shin, Ji Young Yoo, Joo-Hang Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Chae-Ok Yun
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its signaling pathway has been clinically validated as a viable therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancer. The use of artificial transcription factors based on Cys2-His2 zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) targeting the VEGF promoter offers a novel strategy for modulating VEGF levels in tumors. In order to demonstrate the utility of VEGF-targeted ZFPs as therapeutic agents, we generated adenoviruses (Ads) expressing VEGF promoter-targeted transcriptional repressor ZFP, F435-KOX. A replication-incompetent Ad expressing F435-KO X, namely, Ad-DeltaE1-KOX, significantly reduced VEGF expression and functionally led to inhibition of angiogenesis. In vivo, an oncolytic Ad expressing F435-KOX, namely, Ad-DeltaB7-KOX, elicited a pronounced antitumor effect against a human glioblastoma xenograft model, U87MG. Further, consistent with its expected mechanism of action, Ad-DeltaB7-KOX was shown to greatly reduce the level of VEGF and vessel density in tumor tissue and increase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic cells in tumors. Survival rates were also significantly increased in Ad-DeltaB7-KOX-treated mice. Taken together, the findings from this study identify F435-KOX as a novel and potent ZFP transcription factor that can inhibit VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis and offer a novel therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancer.