tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EAU Policy on Live Surgery Events
Authors: Walter Artibani, Vincenzo Ficarra, Ben J. Challacombe, Clement-Claude Abbou, Jens Bedke, Rafael Boscolo-Berto, Maurizio Brausi, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, Serdar Deger, Louis Denis, Giorgio Guazzoni, Bertrand Guillonneau, John P.F.A. Heesakkers, Didier Jacqmin, Thomas Knoll, Luis Martínez-Piñeiro, Francesco Montorsi, Alexander Mottrie, Pierre-Thierry Piechaud, Abhay Rane, Jens Rassweiler, Arnulf Stenzl, Jeroen Van Moorselaar, Roland F. Van Velthoven, Hendrik van Poppel, Manfred Wirth, Per-Anders Abrahamsson, Keith F. Parsons
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Foreign Medical Graduates
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Although rumblings of discontent regarding Foreign Medical Graduates (FMGs) had echoed in the past despite establishment of the examination of the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG), in the summer of 1974 the heat became intense as far as FMGs were concerned. In June, sequential articles on the subject (the second accompanied by an editorial) appeared in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>; July found a trilogy of essays inThe Journal, and more was yet to come. Much of the worry had two sources. First, the rapidly increasing influx of alien physicians had come from the Far East and Middle East where barriers of language and customs made difficult their adjustment to United States ways. Second, amendments to the immigration law in 1965 and 1970 opened wide the doors to immigrant physicians and permitted them to stay regardless of their facility with the English language and regardless of
Sodium from Drinking Water as an Unsuspected Cause of Cardiac Decompensation
Authors: GEORGE B. ELLIOTT, ELIZABETH A. ALEXANDER
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A survey of 300 samples of drinking water from Southern Alberta analyzed for sodium content showed that a considerable proportion of well waters contain very high sodium levels, ranging up to 420 mg. per cent (4,200 ppm.). Two instances of recurrent episodes of heart failure at home, which ceased after substitution of a low- for unsuspected high-sodium water supplies, are described. The sodium is present in soils derived from underlying marine deposits of seas that covered the whole of the North American plains in ancient times. It is not readily recognizable by taste, especially as sulfate, and may cause darkening of soil so that its presence remains quite unsuspected. Tasteless sodium in water forms a source of perplexing decompensation in otherwise well-controlled heart disease. The features of the terrain that lead to high sodium content in water supplies are described to alert physicians to similar possibilities in their own regions.
Diagnosis of Narcissistic Self-Esteem Regulation in Patients with Factitious Illness (Munchausen Syndrome)
Authors: Wolfram Ehlers, Reinhard Plassmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

A quantitative taxonomy for the identification of patients with narcissistic pathology and with borderline personality disorders based on test results is presented. The quantitative identification of these subgroups was produced using a Q-factor analysis. Based on the correlation of the subjects by means of the 241 questions from the narcissistic inventory of Deneke and Müller [27], three subgroups could be defined. Two of these groups exhibited a pathology of the self-system which corresponded to the pathology described by Kernberg [24] for narcissistic and borderline personality disorders. The third group is characterized by reduced observable self-pathology traits from the narcissistic inventory. By means of the reclassification of these three taxonomical groups with the discriminant analysis, two discriminant functions could be calculated, using the weighting of the single test scales for a classification of new patients. These classification functions were used to examine 18 patients suffering from factitious disorders. The evaluation of test profiles with the reduced narcissistic inventory of Deneke and Müller [11] in order to identify the three taxonomical groups showed that 9 patients (50%) had a borderline personality disorder and 6 patients (33%) a narcissistic personality disorder, while 3 patients (17%) could be assigned to the subgroup without self-pathology. In summary, 83% of the examined patients with factitious disorders exhibited a disorder in self-regulation. The previous clinical observations of self-regulation for patients with factitious disorders could thus be confirmed. It becomes clear that different high levels of disorder in self-regulation (position in the sphere of the discriminant function) correspond to varying degrees of prognostic significance.
Standardization of M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular anatomic measurements
Authors: Richard B. Devereux, Elizabeth M. Lutas, Paul N. Casale, Paul Kligfield, Richard R. Eisenberg, Isaac W. Hammond, David H. Miller, Gregg Reis, Michael H. Alderman, John H. Laragh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
The Price of Sight — Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab, and the Treatment of Macular Degeneration
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Frederick L. Ferris III on ranibizumab (Lucentis) and bevacizumab (Avastin) for age-related macular degeneration. (06:33)Download On June 30, 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ranibizumab — which is manufactured by Genentech and marketed as Lucentis — for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ranibizumab is a fragment of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (see Figure 1) that binds to and inhibits all the biologically active forms of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Administered by injection into the vitreous cavity (see Figure 2), ranibizumab prevents vision loss and improves visual acuity, with few serious adverse effects (as indicated in the reports by Rosenfeld et al. and Brown et al. in this issue of the Journal, pages . . .
Make a 'Cartesian Diver'
Authors: Stanley L. Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  A simple, endlessly amusing toy called a cartesian diver, which can be rapidly (2 minutes) and cheaply (no cost at all) made, exquisitely illustrates some fundamental physical principles—resulting in admiration from one's own or others' smaller children with a disproportionate increase in self-esteem.  This toy is made from any clear, empty plastic bottle like those used for shampoo or mouth wash and from what to us in medicine is commonplace and worthless, an empty ampule medicine vial.  The plastic bottle is filled to overflowing with water. The empty ampule vial is filled about two-thirds full of water so that it just barely floats. The vial is then inverted and placed with the open end down in the filled plastic bottle. The bottle is sealed, and the toy is complete.  The action of the toy occurs when the bottle is squeezed from front to back. When this is
Down-regulation of cardioprotective bradykinin type-2 receptors in the left ventricle of patients with end-stage heart failure
Authors: Antti Kuoppala, Naotaka Shiota, Jorma O Kokkonen, Inka Liesmaa, Karam Kostner, Mikko Mäyränpää, Petri T Kovanen, Ken A Lindstedt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
HLA-A28 and Steroid-Induced Diabetes in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: David S. David
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Between July 1971 and March 1977, steroid-induced diabetes (SD) developed postoperatively in 31 (10.8%) of 286 nondiabetic adult kidney transplant recipients who were observed for a total of 410 patient transplant years. There was a highly significant association between HLA-A28 and SD. There was no significant association between SD and B8 or Bw15. Age was also associated with SD. However, A28 was associated with SD even when corrected for age. A28 occurred more frequently in blacks than whites, 25.4% and 6.3%, respectively, and accounted for the higher incidence of SD in black adults. There were no significant associations between SD and patients' sex, donor source, number of short-term rejection treatments, or maintenance dose of corticosteroids. Steroid-induced diabetes had no adverse effects on graft or patient survival. (<i>JAMA</i>243:532-533, 1980)
Massive Hiatal Hernia and Thoracic Stomach Illustrated by Barium Swallow During Left Atrial Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Eric Good, Darryl Wells, Paul Cronin, Fred Morady, Hakan Oral
Journal: Circulation (2008)

L eft atrial radiofrequency catheter ablation was planned in a 68-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation refractory to medical therapy and cardioversion.After the transseptal puncture and before conscious sedation, the patient was asked to swallow 5 mL of barium paste (E-Z-EM, Lake Success, NY) so that the location of the esophagus in relation to the left atrium could be visualized. 1 The esophagogram delineated a massive hiatal hernia that resulted in an intrathoracic stomach that was in apposition to the entire posterior left atrium (Figure 1).Because of this marked anatomic abnormality and proximity of the posterior wall of the left atrium to the stomach and the esophagus, the procedure was postponed so that radiofrequency energy would not be delivered over these structures until the anatomic abnormality was corrected.A double-contrast esophagogram and CT scan confirmed the close relationship between the intrathoracic stomach and posterior left atrium and spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux to the level of the thoracic inlet (Figures 2 and3).This case illustrates several important points relative to hiatal hernias and catheter ablation in the left atrium: First, it emphasizes the importance of completely visualizing the esophageal lumen during left atrial ablation and the limitations of utilizing an esophageal probe to do so.Had a probe been used instead of barium, the extent of herniation might not have been appreciated, and radiofrequency energy may have been delivered inadvertently over the esophagus and the stomach.Second, when available, review of the nonsegmented CT scan of the chest before registration into a 3D electroanatomic mapping system can be helpful to recognize variations in intrathoracic anatomy.Lastly, severe gastroparesis has been reported as a complication of left atrial radiofrequency catheter ablation.It is possible that applications of radiofrequency energy along the posterior wall adjacent to paraesophageal and gastric autonomic plexi may impair innervation of the stomach, resulting in delayed gastric emptying.
Patient Delay before Treatment of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: A. Furst
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Abstract</h3> India has a prosperous and glorious history in silk production and its silk trade dates back to 15<sup>th</sup> century. Sericulture is practiced in many regions of India, where West Bengal ranks third in mulberry silk production. About 2000 villages are engaged in mulberry cultivation with plantation area of 37,883 acres. But nowadays, farmers have lack their interest in this sector due to low cost benefit ratio, high investment cost in terms of silk worm rearing, land uses and lack of proper knowledge on different races of <i>Bombyx mori</i>. Therefore, the present study has been aiming to find out the comparative performance of bivoltine, multivoltine, and F1 variety of <i>B. mori</i> by analysed the cocoon, post-cocoon characters, and silk related traits for identifying the best superior races of <i>B. mori</i>. The results showed that feeding habits of silkworm larvae of three races had significant effect on cocoon parameters. The average weight of ten 5th instar larvae of bivoltine was higher in comparison with multivoltine and F1 variety. Similar trends were obtained in the average length of silk thread from a single cocoon in bivoltine races, higher by 30% and 77.14% from F1 and multivoltine, respectively (P&lt;0.05). We also inquired about capital investment and profit-making of three varieties. Net profit for bivoltine was significantly increased by 15.65% and 10.21% than multivoltine and F1 varieties, respectively.The heatmap analysis revealed that the bivoltine races of <i>B. mori</i> were separately clustered based on the positive correlation of measured variables mostly length of silk thread, renditta, dry cocoon weight, the average weight of larvae, present market price, leaves for rearing, net profit and selling price of cocoon per acre farmland; whereas, the multivoltine and F1 variety clustered in a separate group. From our findings, it is clear that the culture of bivoltine is preferable for the farmers who don’t have enough landed property and also profitable in terms of cocoon, post cocoon and silk traits. Therefore, it is recommended that the farming of bivoltine silkworm is more gainfulcompared to F1 and multivoltine variety, and capable of more income generation than other traditional agricultural crops.
Cutaneous papules and nodules in the diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: None ISHIKAWA, None TAKAHASHI, None TAMURA, None MIYACHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Of 11 patients with primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), four exhibited papules or nodules on the finger, sole or leg as the initial cutaneous manifestation. Histological examination demonstrated thrombosed vessels or vessels containing organized thrombi in the dermis or in the subcutaneous fat tissue. Cutaneous papules and nodules should be recognized as skin manifestations of APS. Screening tests for antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant are required in patients with cutaneous papules or nodules of unknown aetiology. In cases of positive antiphospholipid antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant, histological examination is critical in the establishment of the diagnosis of APS.
Adverse Effects and Pyrogenic Reactions During Hemodialysis
Authors: Victor E. Pollak
Journal: JAMA (1988)

By December 1986, more than 90 000 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) underwent chronic dialysis in the United States. Two recent Centers for Disease Control (CDC) studies of adverse effects in this population reported in this issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1,2</sup>are seemingly addressed to nephrologists but may have interest for a wider audience. National funding to support ESRD patient care began with legislation and regulation in 1973 and 1974. Reports on this publicly funded program were to be made available to Congress, and quality of care was to be monitored by the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The framework to realize these objectives developed through cooperation of treatment providers, statutory ESRD Networks (whose function includes monitoring quality of patient care), the Health Care Financing Administration, and the National Institutes of Health. It is now possible to monitor quality continuously for a large program. Much information exists on patients
Discoid lupus erythematosus and monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: FRANK C. POWELL, PHILIP R. GREIPP, W.P. DANIEL SU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Of twelve patients with discoid lupus erythematosus and dysgammaglobulinaemia, eight had a monoclonal gammopathy with a benign course to date, two had 'smouldering' myeloma, and two developed overt multiple myeloma. Six patients had generalized discoid lupus erythematosus, and six had skin lesions localized to the head and neck. Further screening of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus by serum protein electrophoresis is indicated to determine the significance of these findings.
Case 41-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Homayoun Kazemi, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 51-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of a cough and dyspnea.She was well until the age of 18 months, when a gait disturbance was observed. Two months later a physician found bilateral papilledema, with retinal hemorrhages. The tendon reflexes were + + + +, and bilateral Babinski signs were present. A brain scan and a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain showed ventricular dilatation and a cystic and solid tumor in the left posterior fossa. Craniotomy revealed a solid cerebellar astrocytoma, which was only partially resected because of its proximity to the . . .
Fluorescence as a guide to bronchial biopsy.
Authors: J P Homasson, J P Bonniot, M Angebault, P Renault, F Carnot, G Santelli
Journal: Thorax (1985)

The presence of fluorescence was assessed in 34 unselected patients undergoing bronchoscopy, 11 of whom suffered from bronchial carcinoma. Bronchoscopic inspection was carried out with white light and then repeated with blue light after the injection of 2 ml of 10% sodium fluoresceinate. Fluorescence was graded visually. Seventy six pairs of biopsy specimens were obtained. Of 38 specimens from non fluorescent areas, histological appearances were normal in 34. Slight inflammation was observed in three biopsy specimens, and in one there was evidence of tumour even though the specimen was obtained some distance from the primary tumour. Of 38 biopsy specimens from fluorescent areas, histological examination showed appearances of moderate inflammation in 10, severe inflammation in 10, tuberculosis in one, and carcinoma in 11. In six instances histological appearances were normal. Five normal subjects who were smokers were also examined by the same technique. Appearances of metaplasia were found more often in areas showing fluorescence than in areas not showing fluorescence. Bronchial fluorescence is considered to be related to alteration in vascularity and is not specific for carcinoma. The most fluorescent areas are generally the most pathological and visible tumour is very fluorescent, but moderate degrees of fluorescence are difficult to interpret. Biopsy of every fluorescent area seems excessive.
Diagnosing Genius: The Life and Death of Beethoven
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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The TONIC trial: A step forward in treating pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Naim Alkhouri, Ariel E. Feldstein, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in US children and adolescents and can present with advanced fibrosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). No treatment has been established. Objective: To determine whether children with NAFLD would improve from therapeutic intervention with vitamin E or metformin. Design, Setting, and Patients: Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at 10 university clinical research centers in 173 patients (aged 8-17 years) with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD conducted between September 2005 and March 2010. Interventions Daily dosing of 800 IU of vitamin E (58 patients), 1000 mg of metformin (57 patients), or placebo (58 patients) for 96 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was sustained reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) defined as 50% or less of the baseline level or 40 U/L or less at visits every 12 weeks from 48 to 96 weeks of treatment. Improvements in histological features of NAFLD and resolution of NASH were secondary outcome measures. Results: Sustained reduction in ALT level was similar to placebo (10/58; 17%; 95% CI, 9% to 29%) in both the vitamin E (15/58; 26%; 95% CI, 15% to 39%; P = .26) and metformin treatment groups (9/57; 16%; 95% CI, 7% to 28%; P = .83). The mean change in ALT level from baseline to 96 weeks was -35.2 U/L (95% CI, -56.9 to -13.5) with placebo vs -48.3 U/L (95% CI, -66.8 to -29.8) with vitamin E (P = .07) and -41.7 U/L (95% CI, -62.9 to -20.5) with metformin (P = .40). The mean change at 96 weeks in hepatocellular ballooning scores was 0.1 with placebo (95% CI, -0.2 to 0.3) vs -0.5 with vitamin E (95% CI, -0.8 to -0.3; P = .006) and -0.3 with metformin (95% CI, -0.6 to -0.0; P = .04); and in NAFLD activity score, -0.7 with placebo (95% CI, -1.3 to -0.2) vs -1.8 with vitamin E (95% CI, -2.4 to -1.2; P = .02) and -1.1 with metformin (95% CI, -1.7 to -0.5; P = .25). Among children with NASH, the proportion who resolved at 96 weeks was 28% with placebo (95% CI, 15% to 45%; 11/39) vs 58% with vitamin E (95% CI, 42% to 73%; 25/43; P = .006) and 41% with metformin (95% CI, 26% to 58%; 16/39; P = .23). Compared with placebo, neither therapy demonstrated significant improvements in other histological features. Conclusion: Neither vitamin E nor metformin was superior to placebo in attaining the primary outcome of sustained reduction in ALT level in patients with pediatric NAFLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00063635.
Paracentral Rheumatoid Corneal Ulceration
Authors: Gerard N. Kervick, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Robert Haimovici, Harvey Brown, Elaine Tozman, Richard Yee
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

Six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (eight eyes) presented with small paracentral perforating corneal ulcers in otherwise quiet eyes. Initial management in five patients (seven eyes) consisted of systemic immunosuppression and therapeutic tissue adhesive with a bandage contact lens or tectonic keratoplasty. Ulceration recurred in all of these eyes, and recurrent ulcers treated with repeat tectonic keratoplasty or therapeutic tissue adhesive and a bandage contact lens all developed recurrent ulceration. The introduction of topical cyclosporine therapy in five eyes with recurrent corneal ulceration was associated with arrest of keratolysis and rapid re-epithelialization of the ulcer in all cases. One corneal ulcer was successfully treated initially with topical cyclosporine, tissue adhesive, and a bandage contact lens. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis and small paracentral corneal ulcerations or perforations, application of tissue adhesive and a bandage contact lens and introduction of topical cyclosporine may be the preferred initial treatment.
Side Reaction to Measles Vaccination Suggesting the Arthus Phenomenon
Authors: F. Buser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

LOCAL damage due to antigen–antibody reaction has been known since the original work of Arthus1 , 2 in 1903. A reaction similar to the Arthus phenomenon3 has been observed in children given inactivated-measles-virus vaccine followed by live-virus vaccine. This method has been introduced to avoid the side reactions resulting from certain live-virus vaccines.4 , 5 Children of the age group from twelve months to five years were vaccinated in my practice against measles by a regimen of a single injection of commercial inactivated-virus vaccine. The vaccine was a filtered, alum-precipitated preparation of measles virus derived from the Edmonston strain, propagated in monkey-kidney tissue-culture cells . . .