tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women to be included in target group for flu vaccination
Authors: M. Pownall
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Pregnant women will be included as one of the target groups for the UK’s annual influenza vaccination drive. The decision was taken in the wake of the higher levels of complications and admissions to hospital experienced by women in last year’s H1N1 swine flu pandemic. This year’s seasonal vaccine as usual contains antigenic components active against three strains of flu, one of which is the H1N1 swine flu strain. The swine flu strain has been identified as a common strain over the winter in the …
Professionalism at Its Worst
Authors: James S. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1991)

There is no human endeavor or organization in which perfection is achieved even when it is assiduously sought. More than most, the medical profession, because of its unique role and the consequences of base behavior, has traditionally striven to instill in its practitioners a strong sense of duty and professionalism, but it would be foolhardy to assume that all physicians are ethical, honest, or competent. It is always easy to spotlight anecdotal cases of deviant behavior: good news doesn't sell newspapers! So, we are bombarded with accounts of gross incompetence, greed, and fraud against both patients and institutions. Attempts to quantify the extent of such behavior, although frequently attempted by extrapolation, are nonetheless fraught with so many difficulties that they probably cannot be successful. Obviously, the medical profession would like to assume that the numbers are minimal. That assumption, however, begs the question. If physicians are
ASSESSMENT OF YELLOW NEOINTIMA AND MURAL THROMBI AFTER 1ST GENERATION SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS USING ANGIOSCOPE AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Takumi Inoue, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Shite, Hiromasa Otake, Daisuke Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Masayuki Nakagawa, Ryoji Nagoshi, Amane Kozuki, Hirotoshi Hariki, Tsuyoshi Ohsue, Yu Taniguchi, Ryo Nishio, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Psychiatric morbidity of a long stay hospital population with chronic schizophrenia and implications for future community care.
Authors: D. A. Curson, M. Patel, P. F. Liddle, T. R. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In the United Kingdom there are plans to close most mental hospitals over the next 10 years. There is continuing uncertainty about the effectiveness of community psychiatric services that will be expected to cope with mental hospital inpatients after discharge, most of whom have schizophrenia. A survey was conducted to assess the severity of illness among such patients and implications for their future care. All 222 patients in non-psychogeriatric long stay wards of a mental hospital who met research diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were interviewed by two psychiatrists with the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale to establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptomatology. A complete interview was not possible for 28 patients, mainly for reasons related to their schizophrenia. Despite energetic pharmacological and social treatments almost half of the 194 patients interviewed had enduring florid psychotic symptoms that presented as one or more delusions or auditory hallucinations, or both, and a sizable proportion showed behaviour that would set them apart in a community setting. The results illustrate a problem that is still imperfectly understood by policy makers and administrators in central and local government and in health authorities who are responsible for planning and implementing services for psychiatric care in the community.
Effect of Topical Cyclosporine Rinse on Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Drore Eisen, Charles N. Ellis, Elizabeth A. Duell, Christopher E.M. Griffiths, John J. Voorhees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Abstract Background. Oral lichen planus is a relatively common disorder of the mouth that can be debilitating. It is frequently palliated with topical or systemic corticosteroids and retinoids. These treatments require prolonged use, however, and are not always effective. Methods. In a double-blind trial, 16 patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus were randomly assigned to receive either topical cyclosporine or its vehicle. The patients swished and expectorated 5 ml of medication (containing 100 mg of cyclosporine per milliliter) three times daily. Results. After eight weeks, the eight recipients of cyclosporine had marked improvement in erythema (P = 0.003), erosion (P = 0.02), reticulation (presence of white lace-like lesions; P = 0.007), and pain (P = 0.002), whereas the eight recipients of vehicle had no change or minimal improvement. After a switch to cyclosporine for eight weeks, the vehicle-treated patients had improvement similar to that seen in the patients who initially received cyclosporin...
Recent Advances on Pain: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This monograph includes 13 excellent papers presented at an international symposium in Florence, Italy, in 1972. The first six chapters concern physiology, pharmacology, and the measurement of pain. They adequately review already established concepts of the mechanisms of pain and bring the reader up to date on recent progress. Sicuteri's discussion of vasoneuractive substances and their relationship to both cardiac and head pain makes a complicated subject readily understandable for both the clinician and researcher. His successful treatment of migraine with serotonin precursors may constitute a significant breakthrough in migraine therapy. In the clinical portion of the book, Dr. Houde's discussion of average and optimal doses as well as placebo therapy will give the clinician new understanding and insight in treating the pain of cancer. The discussion of the proper application of analgesic block for intractable pain should reawaken interest in this important subject. However, I question the author's use
Eczema herpeticum: a potentially fatal disease.
Authors: I R Sanderson, L A Brueton, M O Savage, J I Harper
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Un nourrisson de 1 an atteint d'eczema atopique presente une eruption due au virus herpes simplex qui n'est pas diagnostiquee avant une semaine. Il presente une perte de peau de 20% environ, une deshydratation, une hyperthermie, puis une hypothermie et un arret cardiaque. La reanimation et le traitement par acyclovie sont efficaces
Feasibility of islet magnetic resonance imaging using ferumoxytol in intraportal islet transplantation
Authors: Sang-Man Jin, Seung-Hoon Oh, Bae Jun Oh, Wooyoung Shim, Jin Myung Choi, Dongkyeom Yoo, Yong Hwa Hwang, Jung Hee Lee, Dong Yun Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Relationship between CD45 antigen expression and putative stages of differentiation in B‐cell malignancies
Authors: Charles W. Caldwell, William P. Patterson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The cell‐surface antigen CD45 is a complex family of high‐molecular‐weight glycoproteins expressed on all lymphohematopoietic cells, but not in the same molecular isoform. This antigen complex is known to exhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity and appears to have a role in regulation of cell differentiation. In that CD45 expression parallels stages of differentiation in normal bone marrow B cells, it was of interest to evaluate this process in malignant B cells. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used to investigate the quantitative expression of CD45 and CD45RA on the B cells of lymphoid leukemias. Employing standardized flow cytometric methods, it was found that the fluorescence intensity (FI) of immunostained malignant B cells, as a reflection of the antigen content, demonstrated correlations with the putative stage of cell differentiation for malignancies at the earlier stages, but at the later stages, a progressive loss of CD45 was observed. Since this antigen family has been found to display PTPase activity, further investigation of CD45 alterations in malignancies may provide insight into potential regulatory disturbances.
Polyphosphoric acid capping radioactive/upconverting NaLuF4:Yb,Tm,153Sm nanoparticles for blood pool imaging in vivo
Authors: Juanjuan Peng, Yun Sun, Lingzhi Zhao, Yongquan Wu, Wei Feng, Yanhong Gao, Fuyou Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Proteomic identification of altered apolipoprotein patterns in pulmonary hypertension and vasculopathy of sickle cell disease
Authors: Susan Yuditskaya, Ashaunta Tumblin, Gerard T. Hoehn, Guanghui Wang, Steven K. Drake, Xiuli Xu, Saixia Ying, Amy H. Chi, Alan T. Remaley, Rong-Fong Shen, Peter J. Munson, Anthony F. Suffredini, Gregory J. Kato
Journal: Blood (2008)
Chronic Insomnia Provokes More Prescriptions Than Diagnoses
Authors: Quentin R. Regestein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

CHRONIC insomnia, like most symptoms, arises from many causes but, unlike most symptoms, attracts little diagnostic interest. Often, on complaining of sleeplessness, a patient promptly receives a prescription for hypnotics. Once regular use of hypnotics begins, giving them up becomes arduous. Regular use of hypnotics might be more reasonable were they more than temporarily effective. Unfortunately, however, chronic hypnotic use does not get the patient to sleep any faster,<sup>1</sup>but rather increases nightly awakenings, abolishes deep sleep,<sup>2</sup>and continues to affect sleep patterns for five weeks after drug withdrawal.<sup>3</sup>The ready drug prescriptions available, it seems, have not only led to a scourge of drug habituation, but may well have lessened the quality of sleep obtained by insomniac patients. Additionally, it has bolstered the unrealistic notion that one ought first to resort to drugs to alleviate chronic insomnia. The patient relying on hypnotics is often left with
251. Dystrophin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Is Important for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Therapy
Authors: Kaori Ito, Shigemi Kimura, Gail D. Thomas, Shiro Ozasa, Makoto Matsukura, Makoto Ikezawa, Hiroe Ueno, Kowashi Yoshioka, Misao Suzuki, Takeshi Miwa, Teruhisa Miike
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked fatal disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin, which is associated with a complex of proteins that spans the membrane and effectively links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Despite the abundance of information about the molecular basis of this disease, there is currently no effective treatment for DMD because the mechanism by which dystrophin deficiency produces the clinical phenotype is poorly understood. Our previous data showed that dystrophin expression is normally detectable in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as well as in skeletal muscle cells. Likewise, it is defective in SMCs of DMD patients and mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Recent studies have revealed that focal multicellular myocytolytic lesions in muscular dystrophies may represent functional vascular abnormalities, regardless of whether or not they are primary. Although vascular dysfunction in DMD patients and mdx mice has been also reported, it is considered that the dystrophin deficiency of skeletal muscle and/or vascular endothelium, not vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is responsible for the vascular abnormalities.
Intraportal glucose delivery alters the relationship between net hepatic glucose uptake and the insulin concentration.
Authors: S R Myers, O P McGuinness, D W Neal, A D Cherrington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To examine the relationship between net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) and the insulin level and to determine the effects of portal glucose delivery on that relationship, NHGU was evaluated at three different insulin levels in seven 42-h-fasted, conscious dogs during peripheral glucose delivery and during a combination of peripheral and portal glucose delivery. During peripheral glucose delivery, at arterial blood glucose levels of approximately 175 mg/dl and insulin levels reaching the liver of 51 +/- 2, 92 +/- 6, and 191 +/- 6 microU/ml, respectively, NHGUs were 0.55 +/- 0.30, 1.52 +/- 0.44, and 3.04 +/- 0.79 mg/kg per min, respectively. At hepatic glucose loads comparable to those achieved during peripheral glucose delivery and inflowing insulin levels of 50 +/- 4, 96 +/- 5, and 170 +/- 8 microU per ml, respectively, NHGUs were 1.96 +/- 0.48, 3.67 +/- 0.68, and 5.52 +/- 0.92 mg/kg per min when a portion of the glucose load was delivered directly into the portal vein. The results of these studies thus indicate that net hepatic glucose uptake is dependent on both the plasma insulin level and the route of glucose delivery and that under physiological conditions the "portal" signal is at least as important as insulin in the determination of net hepatic glucose uptake.
Primary care datasets will replace "rumours" about GPs' performance
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

BACKGROUND: The aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma is caused by cysteinyl leukotriene release. The cellular source of the leukotrienes is unknown. The inflammatory cell infiltrate in bronchial biopsy samples from seven aspirin-sensitive asthmatic (ASA) subjects and eight non-ASA subjects before and after local challenge with lysine aspirin was therefore examined. METHODS: Using flexible bronchoscopy, airway mucosal biopsy samples were taken and lysine aspirin solution was placed directly onto a carina of the contralateral lung. Twenty minutes later a second series of biopsy samples was taken from the site of the local endobronchial lysine aspirin challenge. The biopsy samples were double immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and monoclonal antibodies to mast cells (AA1), neutrophils (NP57), macrophages (EBM11), T lymphocytes (anti-CD3), and total (BMK13) and activated eosinophils (EG2). RESULTS: A decrease in both absolute mast cell numbers staining with mast cell tryptase (AA1) and the percentage of mast cells co-immunostaining with 5-lipoxygenase was seen in the ASA patients after lysine aspirin challenge compared with the non-ASA control group. There was also an increase in the numbers of activated eosinophils (EG2) in the ASA subjects compared with the non-ASA group. No changes were observed in the total numbers of macrophages (EBM11), neutrophils (NP57), total eosinophils (BMK13), and T lymphocytes (anti-CD3) after challenge with lysine aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in numbers of mast cells staining for tryptase and the increase in activated eosinophils after endobronchial challenge with lysine aspirin may represent degranulation of these cell types, and may be an early event associated with aspirin-sensitive reactions in ASA subjects.
Abstract A61: Lysophosphatidic acid induces ovarian cancer cell invasion through EGFR phosphorylation and proteolytic enzyme expression
Authors: Kang Jin Jeong, Kyung Hwa Cho, Jeong Jin Kim, Moon Jung Choi, Hoi Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a biolipid that augments proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells. LPA was first implicated in human oncogenesis, as higher levels of LPA was observed in the ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patient than healthy subjects. In the present study, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which LPA induces proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer progression. LPA induced MMP-9 expression in CAOV-3 and PA-1 cells and uPA expression in SKOV-3 cells. LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression was required for the invasion of ovarian cancer cells expressing corresponding enzymes. Further we observed that both Gi and G13 contribute to LPA-induced EGFR activation. The activated EGFR in turn initiates a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling cascade, leading to proteolytic enzyme secretion. Moreover, we provide evidence that resveratrol inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and subsequent activation of a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling. Therefore, we demonstrate a mechanistic cascade of LPA activating EGFR through Gi and G13 thus inducing a Ras/Rho/ROCK signaling for proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer cell invasion, as well as interference of the cascade by resveratrol through blocking EGFR phosphorylation. [Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0015761 and 2010-0022216)] Citation Format: Kang Jin Jeong, Kyung Hwa Cho, Jeong Jin Kim, Moon Jung Choi, Hoi Young Lee. Lysophosphatidic acid induces ovarian cancer cell invasion through EGFR phosphorylation and proteolytic enzyme expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A61.
Hypermagnesemia does not prevent intracranial hypertension and aggravates cerebral hyperperfusion in a rat model of acute hyperammonemia
Authors: Peter Nissen Bjerring, Martin Eefsen, Fin Stolze Larsen, William Bernal, Julia Wendon
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate prevents seizures in patients with eclampsia and brain edema after traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection is achieved by controlling cerebral blood flow (CBF), intracranial pressure, neuronal glutamate release, and aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) expression. These factors are also thought to be involved in the development of brain edema in acute liver failure. We wanted to study whether hypermagnesemia prevented development of intracranial hypertension and hyperperfusion in a rat model of portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and acute hyperammonemia. We also studied whether hypermagnesemia had an influence on brain content of glutamate, glutamine, and aquaporin-4 expression. The study consisted of three experiments: The first was a dose-finding study of four different dosing regimens of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in healthy rats. The second involved four groups of PCA rats receiving ammonia infusion/vehicle and MgSO4/saline. The effect of MgSO4 on mean arterial pressure (MAP), intracranial pressure (ICP), CBF, cerebral glutamate and glutamine, and aquaporin-4 expression was studied. Finally, the effect of MgSO4 on MAP, ICP, and CBF was studied, using two supplementary dosing regimens. In the second experiment, we found that hypermagnesemia and hyperammonemia were associated with a significantly higher CBF ( P &lt; 0.05, two-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Hypermagnesemia did not lead to a reduction in ICP and did not affect the brain content of glutamate, glutamine, or Aqp-4 expression. In the third experiment, we achieved higher P-Mg but this did not lead to a significant reduction in ICP or CBF. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that hypermagnesemia does not prevent intracranial hypertension and aggravates cerebral hyperperfusion in rats with PCA and hyperammonemia. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Decline and Rise of Psychoanalysis
Authors: George Breitbart
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Conn's Procrustean sonnet is neither truncated nor stretched to fill the analytic couch. It is a collage-assemblage of quotations and references more appropriate to a stockmarket analyst quoting the priceearnings ratios of the Dow-Jones stock list. The fact that everyone and his cousin is now involved in mental health hardly signifies an end to an era. More accurately, it shows the impact of psychoanalysis on all disciplines. To obscure its basics and substantialities under synthetic revisions and blenderized versions is to deny the patrimony of a singular genius. Dr. Conn forgets too quickly the days of wet sheets, padded cells, and straightjackets. The plethoric spawnings that litter the landscape today did originate from the time that Freud paid his patients the supreme compliment of listening to them seriously. At the beginning of this century, some medical schools, diploma mills, and cultist fads were unsavory. Regulation and
Effect of the lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886 on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats
Authors: Kaori Nakayama, Tsutomu Hara, Masataka Kusunoki, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, Asako Minami, Kazuko Okada, Sadaichi Sakamoto, Masaharu Ohnaka, Tetsuro Miyata, Takao Nakamura, Takanari Aoki, Atsushi Fukatsu, Yutaka Nakaya, Shinichi Kakumu
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Swelled Leg After Fever
Authors: J. T. Jameson
Journal: BMJ (1842)

SWELLED LEG AFTER FEVER.207 two grains per day, until the boy took sixteen grains in twenty-four hours; on the sixth day absorption commenced, and by the twentieth the knee was little larger than natural.The effects of the remedy were excessive alvine eyacuations; great diminution in the strength and quickness of the pulse; weakness of the voice; profuse nocturnal perspirations; and the ap- pearance of a leaden colored circle around the eyes; the appetite was good; the urine scanty; and at no time during its exhibition was there the least inclination to vomit.To the tartar emetic I ascribe the boy's recovery, and as the remedy to me was quite new, I feel it my duty to give it the publicity which it de- serves, in the confident expectation that some of your numerous readers may be induced to give it a further trial.Gomersal, near Leeds, Nov. 30, 1842.
“The Lower the Better” in Hypercholesterolemia Therapy: A Reliable Clinical Guideline?
Authors: Terry A. Jacobson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Since the publication of the second set of guidelines by the National Cholesterol Education Program, a solid body of data from landmark clinical studies has demonstrated that reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (“statin”) therapy sharply diminishes the risk for coronary artery disease. These trials include the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study, the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study, the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events investigation, and the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease trial. Coronary event rates and, in some cases, all-cause mortality decreased significantly after about 5 years of statin therapy in patients at risk for and those who had coronary artery disease at baseline. In contrast, recent subgroup analyses of these pivotal studies have in the aggregate challenged the premise that lower LDL cholesterol levels necessarily lead to further declines in risk for coronary artery disease, particularly among the patients most likely to be seen by the clinician: those with moderately elevated or normal cholesterol profiles. Indeed, when LDL cholesterol levels are in this range, further lowering with statin therapy elicits diminishing returns in terms of coronary event rates. These findings are readily accommodated by the curvilinear, or log-linear, model between serum cholesterol level and risk for coronary artery disease, which is predicated on data from large epidemiologic studies. In light of the current climate involving competing health care costs, the pursuit of progressively diminishing returns in terms of reductions in coronary artery disease risk through more aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol levels appears to be unwarranted. Until data are published from ongoing randomized, clinical trials that can more effectively resolve the clinical utility of aggressive lipid-lowering strategies to improve coronary event rates, a prudent, evidence-based strategy seems warranted.
Vocal-Cord Paralysis from Calcified Hilar Lymph Node Cured by Spontaneous Broncholithoptysis
Authors: Harry V. Unfug
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

A HEAVY smoker had complete paralysis of the left vocal cord from a large calcified hilar mass. Over three and a half years he expectorated small pieces of calcified material, without the development of infection or fistula, and recovered from the paralysis, with marked diminution in the calcification.Case ReportIn June, 1960, a 38-year-old man complained of sore throat and hoarseness of 6 weeks' duration and described coughing up hard, chalky-white pieces "the size of a match head" for 4 months, unaccompanied by blood, pain, weight loss or fever. At 15 years of age he was told that he . . .