tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenobarbitone and the shoulder-hand syndrome
Authors: A. D. Desai, H. M. Dastur
Journal: BMJ (1967)

who Handle Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines."'Whereas a number of aromatic amines are known to induce cancer, no arylamino sulphonic acids have been found to be carcinogenic.There is no evidence that the sulphonic acid group is removed by metabolic processes.In view of this it has been recommended that Cleve's acid (l-naphthylamine-7-sulphonic acid or 8-aminonaphthyl-2-sulphonic acid) should be used in the Griess-Ilosvay test for nitrite.' ' The colours given in this test by l-naphthylamine and Cleve's acid are similar, so that the same colour discs can be used in the estimations.-Weare, etc., E. BOYLAND.
Combined para-aminosalicylic acid and dietary therapy in long-term control of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (Types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia).
Authors: P T Kuo, W C Fan, J B Kostis, K Hayase
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The hypolipidemic effect of PAS-C-diet treatment was studied in 63 patients with Types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia for 6-36 months. Serum lipids and body weights of all patients were stabilized by a low cholesterol-saturated fat-refined carbohydrate diet before the initiation of an eight-week placebo-drug single-blind crossover study. During the placebo period the plasma lipids levels, mean +/- SD: cholesterol 355 +/- 63.5 mg%, triglyceride 141 +/- 68.7 mg%, and LDL-cholesterol 279 +/- 56.8 mg% were lowered to 274 +/- 53.1 mg+, 98 +/- 40.6 mg%, and 209 +/- 52.9 mg%, respectively (P less than 0.001 in each instance), with 7.5-11.0 grams of PAS-C/day given in one to three divided doses. In ten patients who have completed three years of treatment similar results were obtained. They showed no tendency to develop drug tolerance. Eight had watery diarrhea during the initial period which promptly subsided with interruption of drug therapy. Reintroduction of PAS-C in smaller dose (4.5 g/day) with gradual increment to effective dosage level was tolerated by all. No hematologic, hepatic, and ophthalmologic abnormalities were demonstrated by periodic monitoring. The hypoplipidemic effect of the drug was found to be diminished by alcohol and caloric excess.
Recruiting a community sample in collaboration with farmworkers.
Authors: F Kamel, T Moreno, A S Rowland, L Stallone, G Ramírez-Garnica, D P Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Few studies have examined health effects of pesticides in farmworkers, possibly because researchers perceive this population to be relatively inaccessible. We conducted an epidemiologic study of health effects among farmworkers in two towns in central Florida--Apopka and Pierson. Apopka is a suburb of Orlando with a diffuse farmworker community working in many crops, whereas Pierson is a small rural town with a tightly knit farmworker community working mainly in ferns. We collaborated with the Farmworker Association of Florida, a grassroots organization representing 6,700 farmworker families. We identified potential participants using membership lists of the Community Trust Federal Credit Union. Members of the Farmworker Association served as recruiters for the study, locating randomly selected Credit Union members and administering a screening interview to determine eligibility. In Apopka 90% of contacted workers were screened, and 79% of eligible workers participated in the study; corresponding proportions in Pierson were 94 and 85%. Farmworkers who had worked for 6-15 years and those who worked in a defined type of agriculture (nursery, citrus, or ferns) were more likely to enroll than others. Thus, while the response rate was good for a multistage recruiting process, study participants had a slightly different work history from those who chose not to enroll. We conclude that it is possible to conduct a study of health outcomes in farmworkers with a defined population and good response rates. Collaboration with the community is essential to the success of such a project, and community characteristics can affect response rates.
SYPHILITIC ELEPHANTIASIS OF THE SCROTUM
Authors: CLEMENT H. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Syphilis as a possible cause of elephantiasis has long been recognized. Allan Webb,<sup>1</sup>in 1855, considered syphilis the cause of elephantiasis of the penis and scrotum in some cases long before the filarial organism was discovered. Mracek and Lang,<sup>2</sup>in 1889, described a case of elephantiasis produced by a diffuse hypertrophic syphiloma. Fourner described the condition in his textbook as a well recognized manifestation of syphilis. Francis,<sup>3</sup>in 1894, reported cases associated with tertiary syphilis. More recently, Adamson,<sup>4</sup>Ravogli,<sup>5</sup>McDonagh,<sup>6</sup>Petrov,<sup>7</sup>Levy-Bing and Gerbay,<sup>8</sup>Lintz,<sup>9</sup>and Taussig<sup>10</sup>have reported cases of syphilitic elephantiasis of the male and female genitalia and lower extremities. According to the literature and to my own observations, elephantiasis of the scrotum is a rare condition in America. Elephantiasis of the lower extremities and of the external genitalia of the female are much more common findings. Only
Evaluation of myocardial viability with dobutamine stress echocardiography and PET in a porcine model of chronic ischemia
Authors: M. Szilard, L. Mesotten, X.S. Liu, A. Maes, J. Nuyts, Y.M. Huang, E. Verbeken, L. Mortelmans, F. Van De Werf, I. De Scheerder
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Delivery of sodium borocaptate to glioma cells using immunoliposome conjugated with anti-EGFR antibodies by ZZ-His
Authors: Bin Feng, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Hiroyuki Michiue, Shin-ichi Miyatake, Xiao-Jian Han, Atsushi Fujimura, Masaharu Seno, Mitsunori Kirihata, Hideki Matsui
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Abstract 217: Functional analysis of the protein citrullination through p53/PADI4 network in carcinogenesis
Authors: Chizu Tanikawa, Koichi Matsuda, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Upon a wide range of cellular stresses, p53 is activated and inhibits malignant transformation through the transcriptional regulation of its target genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. However, its involvement in posttranslational modifications of proteins has not yet been well characterized. We recently reported the novel role of p53 in the regulation of protein citrullination through the transactivation of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4). The PADI4 gene encodes an enzyme catalyzing the citrullination of arginine residues in proteins, and ectopic expression of p53 or PADI4 induced protein citrullination. In addition, various proteins were citrullinated in response to DNA damage, but knockdown of PADI4 or p53 remarkably inhibited their citrullination. Here we generated the Padi4-deficient mice and examined the role of protein citrullination in vivo. When mice were exposed to X-ray (3 Gy), Padi4 expression was induced in thymus of irradiated wild type mice but not in p53-/- and Padi4-/- mice. Interestingly, TUNEL-positive cells in irradiated thymus were significantly decreased in Padi4-/- mice. Gene expression analysis using irradiated thymus tissues revealed several genes related to the immune response were regulated by Padi4. To further investigate the molecular mechanism whereby PADI4 regulates apoptotic pathway, we surveyed PADI4 substrates and found that various proteins such as core histones were citrullinated in response to DNA damage. These findings demonstrated the significance of PADI4-mediated protein citrullination in the p53 signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-217
PET/CT imaging correlates with treatment outcome in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Ray Y. Chen, Lori E. Dodd, Myungsun Lee, Praveen Paripati, Dima A. Hammoud, James M. Mountz, Doosoo Jeon, Nadeem Zia, Homeira Zahiri, M. Teresa Coleman, Matthew W. Carroll, Jong Doo Lee, Yeon Joo Jeong, Peter Herscovitch, Saher Lahouar, Michael Tartakovsky, Alexander Rosenthal, Sandeep Somaiyya, Soyoung Lee, Lisa C. Goldfeder, Ying Cai, Laura E. Via, Seung-Kyu Park, Sang-Nae Cho, Clifton E. Barry
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Definitive clinical trials of new chemotherapies for treating tuberculosis (TB) require following subjects until at least 6 months after treatment discontinuation to assess for durable cure, making these trials expensive and lengthy. Surrogate endpoints relating to treatment failure and relapse are currently limited to sputum microbiology, which has limited sensitivity and specificity. We prospectively assessed radiographic changes using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) at 2 and 6 months (CT only) in a cohort of subjects with multidrug-resistant TB, who were treated with second-line TB therapy for 2 years and then followed for an additional 6 months. CT scans were read semiquantitatively by radiologists and were computationally evaluated using custom software to provide volumetric assessment of TB-associated abnormalities. CT scans at 6 months (but not 2 months) assessed by radiologist readers were predictive of outcomes, and changes in computed abnormal volumes were predictive of drug response at both time points. Quantitative changes in FDG uptake 2 months after starting treatment were associated with long-term outcomes. In this cohort, some radiologic markers were more sensitive than conventional sputum microbiology in distinguishing successful from unsuccessful treatment. These results support the potential of imaging scans as possible surrogate endpoints in clinical trials of new TB drug regimens. Larger cohorts confirming these results are needed.
Characteristics of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti
Authors: Jean W. Pape, Bernard Liautaud, Franck Thomas, Jean-Robert Mathurin, Marie-Myrtha A. St. Amand, Madeleine Boncy, Vergniaud Pean, Moliere Pamphile, A. Claude Laroche, Warren D. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

To identify the characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as it occurs in Haiti, we studied 61 previously healthy Haitians who had diagnoses of either Kaposi's sarcoma (15), opportunistic infections (45), or both (1) established in Haiti between June 1979 and October 1982. The first cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections in Haiti were recognized in 1978-1979, a period that coincides with the earliest reports of AIDS in the United States. We do not believe that AIDS existed in Haiti before this period. The types of opportunistic infections and the clinical course in Haitians with Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections were similar in most aspects to those in patients with AIDS in the United States. The median age of Haitians with Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections was 32 years, and 85 per cent were men. The interval between diagnosis and death was six months in 80 per cent of the patients. Diarrhea was the most common reason for seeking medical attention in patients with opportunistic infections. Lymphopenia and skin-test anergy were observed in 86 and 100 per cent of patients, respectively. Potential risk factors (bisexual activity or blood transfusions) were identified in 17 per cent of male and 22 per cent of female patients. Demographic information suggests that patients belonged to all socioeconomic strata of Haitian society.
Long-Term, Drug-Free Remission of Sympathetic Ophthalmia with High-Dose, Short-Term Chlorambucil Therapy
Authors: Sarju S. Patel, Emilio M. Dodds, Laura V. Echandi, Cristobal A. Couto, Ariel Schlaen, Howard H. Tessler, Debra A. Goldstein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Migrating Ovaries: Early Life Influences on Later Gonadal Function
Authors: Peter D Gluckman, Alan S Beedle
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Progress in the biomedical and clinical sciences has relied heavily on experimental animal research. However, the impact of other comparative disciplines such as evolutionary biology, and in particular its subdisciplines of life history biology and ecological developmental biology, on human medicine has been limited. Despite its heritage and contributions, evolutionary biology has rarely been applied to understanding human development, particularly from a medical rather than an anthropological perspective.
Does Diabetes Always Confer Coronary Heart Disease Risk Equivalent to a Prior Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Edward J. Boyko, James B. Meigs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The excess risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events attributable to diabetes alone in the absence of coexisting CHD was not well understood until the publication by Haffner et al. (1) on this subject in 1998, which concluded that the elevation in risk was essentially similar to nondiabetic individuals with a prior myocardial infarction. This conclusion was based on a nonsignificant adjusted hazard ratio of 1.2 for CHD mortality over 7 years of follow-up in a Finnish cohort. This article had a considerable impact on our thinking and approach to CHD prevention in diabetes given its publication in a prestigious medical journal and high number of citations since ( n = 3,676; scholar.google.com, accessed 4 October 2010). It provided justification for taking the same intensive approach to CHD prevention as used in individuals with a prior myocardial infarction, including aspirin as a cornerstone of treatment. In apparently equivalent high-risk states of diabetes and prior CHD, the benefit of aspirin in reducing risk of myocardial infarction has been believed to outweigh uncommon bleeding complications and yield a net average expected benefit. Given the finding of Haffner et al. and previous American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations in favor of the use of aspirin to prevent CHD in many individuals with diabetes, why then would a recent ADA position statement change course by recommending more limited aspirin use based on overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (2,3)?

A number of reasons seem to justify this change in recommendations. There have been major advances in treatment approaches to type 2 diabetes, replications of the finding by Haffner et al. are inconsistent, and recent data suggest that the utility of aspirin for CHD prevention may be of a lesser magnitude than previously believed. First, it should be pointed out that even though …
Incidence of Haemagglutinating and Complement-fixing Antibodies
Authors: G. L. Asherson, O. Broberger
Journal: BMJ (1961)

et al. relied on parenteral therapy more than the other physicians.The assessment of degrees of change in heart size from serial chest x-ray films is inexact.In our cases the size of the heart was judged to have decreased significantly in 21% and increased in 14% of 224 cases.Smirk (1954) reported in 76 patients a decrease in heart size of more than 0.5 cm. in 36% and an increase in 16%.The initial optimism of Doyle (1953) on the value of ganglion-blocking drugs in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy, as measured by electrocardiographic changes, has not been sustained.In a series of 75 cases he reported improvement in the QRS voltage in 76% and improvement in the S-T segment and T waves in 85%.Hay (1957), from the same unit, found that improvement occurred in the electrocardiogram in 47% of 143 hypertensive patients treated from two to six years on ganglion-blocking drugs and deterioration in 18%.In the present survey, with the use of similar criteria, electrocardiographic changes were less impressive, 39% of the patients showing improvement and 15% deterioration.Summary Results of treatment with ganglion-blocking drugs are reviewed in 284 patients with severe hypertension.In 35 cases with malignant hypertension one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 82%, 56%, and 44% respectively.In 71 cases with premalignant hypertension (fundal haemorrhages or exudates but no papilloedema) comparable survival rates were 84%, 67%, and 57%.The remaining 171 cases with lesser degrees of retinopathy had benign hypertension.They had significant cardiac enlargement or had developed a complication from high blood-pressure.The prognosis on treatment for this group was 98%, 93%, and 81 % survival at one, three, and five years.These results from a general hospital are similar to those in series reported from special units; our facilities could be provided in any general hospital.We thank the technicians at the hypertension clinic, particularly Mrs. V. J. Taylor and Mrs. B. A. Stewart, who assisted in many ways with this review, and Dr. R. T. Marshall, who reviewed all the chest x-ray films.The hypertension clinic was supervised during 1952-4 by Dr. Dennis Hanna and by Dr. Michael Gilmour during 1954-6, and we are greatly indebted to them and to successive medical registrars who
Establishment of a novel radioligand assay using eukaryotically expressed cytchrome P4502D6 for the measurement of liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibdy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Yun Ma, Germana Gregorio, Joop Gäken, Luigi Muratori, Francesco B. Bianchi, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Diego Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Prevention of Hepatitis A with the Hepatitis A Vaccine
Authors: Allen S. Craig, William Schaffner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency department two weeks after returning from a trip to India, reporting a six-day history of anorexia, vomiting, malaise, fatigue, and dark urine. His alanine aminotransferase level was 7330 U per liter, the bilirubin level was 8 mg per deciliter, and a test of the serum for hepatitis A IgM antibodies was positive. He was admitted for observation and hydration. Should he have been vaccinated against hepatitis A before his departure, and should his household contacts receive vaccine?
Ef2: a new LY-3-linked light-chain marker expressed in normal mouse serum immunoglobulin.
Authors: D M Gibson, S J MacLean
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

A new light-chain marker has been detected in normal mouse serum immunoglobulin light chains by gel isoelectric focusing. The marker (Ef2) involves the presence of two major and several minor bands in the normal light-chain IF profiles. Strains expressing the marker IF bands are designated Igk-Ef2a, whereas those lacking the bands are Igk-Ef2b. The majority of inbred strains are Igk-Ef2a. Strains found to be Igk-Ef2b are NZB/BlNJ, BDP/J, C58/J, I/LnJ, CE/J, and P/J. The strain distribution of the alleles differs from the distribution of alleles at the Ly-2 and Ly-3 loci, suggesting the new marker may represent a separate locus. Genetic studies have shown that Igk-Ef2 locus is closely linked to Igk-Ef1 and Hd loci on Chromosome 6, indicating that it is also closely linked to Ly-3. The relative importance of the bands controlled by the Igk-Ef2 locus suggests that the entire normal light-chain pool could be controlled by as few as 100 such loci.
P170 TB-HIV co-infection: how does the UK compare to Europe?
Authors: M. E. Kruijshaar, L. Pimpin, C. Kodmon, M. Lipman, V. Delpech, B. Rice, L. Drumright, D. Manissero, I. Abubakar
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are global public health problems with considerable mutual interaction. Data on national TB-HIV co-infection trends are essential to plan and evaluate TB-HIV control measures. We compared the burden of co-infection and how this is monitored in surveillance systems in England with the rest of Europe. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search of academic and grey literature identifying studies reporting data on TB-HIV co-infection in EU/EEA countries. A questionnaire survey among EU/EEA countries9 TB surveillance leads, regarding surveillance methods, data and proportion of cases tested for HIV. For England, Wales and Northern Ireland, cases reported to Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance matched to national HIV/AIDS case reports. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 55 papers were identified providing estimates on the proportion of TB patients co-infected with HIV. From 30 EU/EEA countries 25 TB questionnaires were returned. This gave prevalence data for 23 countries. In England, the prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients rose from 5% in 2000 to 8% in 2005, with a peak at 9% in 2003–2004. These figures are at the higher end of what is observed in Europe. France, Iceland and Portugal (11–15%) had higher co-infection levels, while similar levels were found for Estonia and Malta (9%). Very low levels were reported from central European countries (0–1%). A rise in co-infection levels was seen in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the UK and Belgium, while decreases were seen in Spain and Portugal. The burden was higher in countries reporting high levels of HIV testing and countries with a higher HIV burden. Information on TB patients9 HIV status was collected in 19/25 TB surveillance systems responding to the survey. While 17 countries rely on clinician reporting, in England and Finland, data are obtained by matching to national HIV/AIDS surveillance data due to confidentiality concerns. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Levels of TB-HIV co-infection vary widely across EU countries, with the UK being at the higher end. Our data suggest that TB-HIV surveillance appears patchy and needs strengthening to better inform control policies and clinical practice.
A memorable patient: Good luck in your examination
Authors: G. Struthers
Journal: BMJ (1998)

By the time I first met Bill, he had suffered the ravages of severe rheumatoid arthritis for over 20 years. Ever cheerful, he attended the clinic regularly, participating in many of the clinical trials of now established medication, in the course of which he had experienced the all too common side effects of both these drugs and others which had been used to try and control his disease. He had even had his fair share of orthopaedic surgery with indifferent results. Formerly an engineer by trade, he had worked for as long as he could but had been registered disabled for several years.

As the new senior registrar in the department, …
Mutation accumulation in nuclear, organelle, and prokaryotic transfer RNA genes
Authors: M. Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

A comparative analysis of the transfer RNA genes in the genomes of the major kingdoms of eukaryotes and prokaryotes leads to the general conclusion that the rate of evolution of organelle tRNA genes is typically equal to of greater than that of their nuclear counterparts. Situations where this is not the case, most notably in vascular plants, are attributable to an elevated mutation rate in the nuclear genome. Through a comparison of rates of mutation with rates of nucleotide substitution, it is shown that there is a reduction in the efficiency of selection on new mutations in organelle genes. Numerous lines of evidence, including observed reductions in stem duplex stability and changes in loop sizes, suggest that the excess changes observed in the organelle genes are mildly deleterious. Uniparental inheritance of organelles causes a reduction in the efficiency of selection through the joint effects of an increase in linkage disequilibrium and a decrease in effective population size. These results provide molecular support for the idea that asexually propagating genomes are subject to long-term, gradual fitness loss and raise questions about the role of organelle mutations in the long-term survival of major phylogenetic lineages.