tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allelic Loss in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Scott E. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Clinical and pathological associations with molecular genetic alterations were studied in colorectal carcinomas from 83 patients. Fractional allelic loss, a measure of allelic deletions throughout the genome, and allelic deletions of specific chromosomal arms (the short arm of 17 and long arm of 18) each provided independent prognostic information by multivariate analysis when considered individually with Dukes'classification. Distant metastasis was significantly associated with high fractional allelic loss and with deletions of 17p and 18q. Mutations of ras proto-oncogenes and deletions of 5q had no prognostic importance. Statistically significant associations were also found between allelic losses and a family history of cancer, left-sided tumor location, and absence of extracellular tumor mucin. Allelic deletion analysis thus identified subsets of colorectal carcinoma with increased predilection for distant metastasis and cancer-related death. Further studies may define a subset of genetic alterations that can be used clinically to help assess prognosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:3099-3103)
Measurement of Venous Flow by Continuous Thermodilution and its Application to Measurement of Mammary Blood Flow in the Goat
Authors: James L. Linzell, Ivan R. Fleet
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The thermodilution method of Fegler, previously used as a single injection technique to measure the flow in one of the main veins draining the mammary gland of goats, has been adapted to a continuous injection technique. Saline at room temperature is injected at rates of 10 to 50 ml/min for 20 to 60 sec and the blood flow is calculated directly from the fall in blood temperature downstream. The method has been checked in vivo by cannulation of the vessel and shown to be as accurate as the single injection technique and the measurement of mammary flow on the Fick principle. It is particularly valuable for determining rapidly the proportion of the mammary venous flow leaving by each of the two main veins.
Merging speech perception and production
Authors: Antje S. Meyer, Willem J. M. Levelt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

A comparison of Merge, a model of comprehension, and WEAVER, a model of production, raises five issues: (1) merging models of comprehension and production necessarily creates feedback; (2) neither model is a comprehensive account of word processing; (3) the models are incomplete in different ways; (4) the models differ in their handling of competition; (5) as opposed to WEAVER, Merge is a model of metalinguistic behavior.
THE EFFECTS OF EATING AND OF SHAM FEEDING UPON THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN A PALMITATE IN MAN 1
Authors: Albert I. Mendeloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

It is the usual practice to test the intestinal absorption of specific nutrients in man by first feeding a test dose of the pure nutrient to the fasting subject, and then determining in samples of blood or urine taken over various subsequent periods of time the amount of the nutrient present in the blood or excreted in the urine. In the case of vitamin A absorption, such tests have been performed either to study its assimilation as a vitamin, or as an indicator substance correlated more or less closely with the general absorption of fats. That vitamin A in oily solution is absorbed by man in a manner closely associated with the absorption of the oil in which it is dissolved, most studies would agree (1-3). When vitamin A acetate or palmitate or natural esters are given, dissolved in oil, the normal human subject exhibits an increase in the total vitamin A concentration of his blood serum for the succeeding 3 to 8 hours. The rate at which the serum levels rise, and the maximum concentrations
FGF21 Mimetic Shows Therapeutic Promise
Authors: Marc L. Reitman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)

FGF21 is a protein with multiple metabolic actions, currently a bright star beckoning on the metabolic disease therapeutic horizon. Gaich et al. (2013) present the first clinical efficacy trial for an FGF21 mimetic, finding robust lipid-lowering effects, some reduction in body weight, but surprisingly modest effects on glucose homeostasis.
Cutaneous manifestations of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Michael A. Marchetti, Melissa P. Pulitzer, Patricia L. Myskowski, Stephen W. Dusza, Matthew A. Lunning, Steven M. Horwitz, Alison J. Moskowitz, Christiane Querfeld
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Staging of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Integrated Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Didier Lardinois, Walter Weder, Thomas F. Hany, Ehab M. Kamel, Stephan Korom, Burkhardt Seifert, Gustav K. von Schulthess, Hans C. Steinert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of integrated positron-emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) with that of CT alone, that of PET alone, and that of conventional visual correlation of PET and CT in determining the stage of disease in non–small-cell lung cancer.
From Fate to Tragedy: The Changing Meanings of Life, Death, and AIDS
Authors: Peter A. Selwyn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and quantitative viral load assays has revolutionized the care of HIV-infected patients. However, this paradigm shift has also had unexpected, sometimes adverse consequences that are not always obvious. Before antiretroviral therapy, physicians learned how to accompany patients through their illness; to bear witness to sickness and dying; and to help patients and their families with suffering, closure, and legacy. Since we have become better at treating the virus, a new temptation has emerged to dwell on quantitative aspects of HIV management and monitoring, although the skills that we learned earlier in the epidemic are no less necessary for providing good care. Our newfound therapeutic capabilities should not distract us from the sometimes more difficult and necessary task of simply "being there" for patients for whom HAART is no longer effective. The definition and practice of end-of-life care for patients with AIDS will continue to evolve as AIDS comes to resemble other chronic, treatable, but ultimately fatal illnesses, such as end-stage pulmonary disease and metastatic cancer, in which clinicians must continually readdress with their patients the balance of curative and palliative interventions as the disease process unfolds over time. The coming challenge in HIV care will be to encourage the maintenance of a "primary care" mentality-with attention to the larger psychosocial issues, end-of-life care, bereavement, and a focus on the patient as opposed to the illness-alongside our new antiretroviral paradigm. Otherwise, we run the risk of forgetting what we learned about healing, from a disease that we could not cure.
New Type of Catheter Tip for Retrograde Catheterization of the Left Ventricle in Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Gerald L. Honick, Glen G. Cayler, William R. Richardson, Hoosh Taybi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ACCURATE assessment of congenital aortic stenosis before and after operation requires simultaneous measurement of the systolic-pressure gradient between the left ventricle and aorta and the output of the left ventricle during a steady state. Many methods have been used for the measurement of pressure in the left ventricle.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The retrograde arterial route from right brachial or axillary site is safest.∥10 However, the reported success rate has been only 50 or 60 per cent in patients with aortic stenosis.11 , 12 The increased efficiency of a catheter-tip modification developed in our laboratory and presented here has contributed to the improved results noted below. . . .
The Recent Decline in Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease, 1980-1990&lt;subtitle&gt;The Effect of Secular Trends in Risk Factors and Treatment&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Maria G. M. Hunink
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To examine whether secular trends in risk factor levels and improvements in treatment can account for the observed decline in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States from 1980 to 1990 and to analyze the proportional contribution of these changes.Literature review, US statistics, health surveys, and ongoing clinical trials.Data representative of the US situation nationwide reported in adequate detail.A computer-simulation state-transition model of the US population between the ages of 35 and 84 years was developed to forecast coronary mortality. The input variables were estimated such that the combination of values led to an adequate agreement with reported coronary mortality figures. Subsequently, secular trends were modeled.Actual coronary mortality in 1990 was 34% (127,000 deaths) lower than would be predicted if risk factor levels, case-fatality rates, and event rates in those with and without coronary disease remained the same as in 1980. When secular changes in these factors were included in the model, predicted coronary mortality in 1990 was within 3% (10,000 deaths) of the observed mortality and explained 92% of the decline; only 25% of the decline was explained by primary prevention, while 29% was explained by secondary reduction in risk factors in patients with coronary disease and 43% by other improvements in treatment in patients with coronary disease.These results suggest that primary and secondary risk factor reductions explain about 50% of the striking decline in coronary mortality in the United States between 1980 and 1990 but that more than 70% of the overall decline in mortality has occurred among patients with coronary disease.
Pathology of the Nervous System
Authors: Martin R. Krigman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This second volume is a welcome addition to the set, and because of its comprehensive nature and authoritative presentation is an excellent source book in neuropathology. Classic neuropathologic studies and observations are combined with ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional considerations of the problems. Although progress in neuropathology has been rapid, none of the chapters is out of date. The editors have organized volume 2 into nine sections: Metabolic Disturbances, Degenerations, Vascular Disturbances, Intoxications, Trauma, Birth Defects and Malformations, Congenital Space-Occupying Lesions, and Neoplasms. The sections consist of 4 to 18 chapters; the largest sections are those on tumors, vascular diseases, and trauma. Each of the 76 chapters is essentially a review written by an authority who has contributed significantly to the field. There are selected parts of this volume which are especially recommended to both the general reader and the specialist. The section on vascular disease consists of a series of
The Role of the Prokineticin 2 Pathway in Human Reproduction: Evidence from the Study of Human and Murine Gene Mutations
Authors: Cecilia Martin, Ravikumar Balasubramanian, Andrew A. Dwyer, Margaret G. Au, Yisrael Sidis, Ursula B. Kaiser, Stephanie B. Seminara, Nelly Pitteloud, Qun-Yong Zhou, William F. Crowley
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

A widely dispersed network of hypothalamic GnRH neurons controls the reproductive axis in mammals. Genetic investigation of the human disease model of isolated GnRH deficiency has revealed several key genes crucial for GnRH neuronal ontogeny and GnRH secretion. Among these genes, prokineticin 2 (PROK2), and PROK2 receptor (PROKR2) have recently emerged as critical regulators of reproduction in both mice and humans. Both prok2- and prokr2-deficient mice recapitulate the human Kallmann syndrome phenotype. Additionally, PROK2 and PROKR2 mutations are seen in humans with Kallmann syndrome, thus implicating this pathway in GnRH neuronal migration. However, PROK2/PROKR2 mutations are also seen in normosmic GnRH deficiency, suggesting a role for the prokineticin signaling system in GnRH biology that is beyond neuronal migration. This observation is particularly surprising because mature GnRH neurons do not express PROKR2. Moreover, mutations in both PROK2 and PROKR2 are predominantly detected in the heterozygous state with incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity frequently seen within and across pedigrees. In some of these pedigrees, a "second hit" or oligogenicity has been documented. Besides reproduction, a pleiotropic physiological role for PROK2 is now recognized, including regulation of pain perception, circadian rhythms, hematopoiesis, and immune response. Therefore, further detailed clinical studies of patients with PROK2/PROKR2 mutations will help to map the broader biological role of the PROK2/PROKR2 pathway and identify other interacting genes/proteins that mediate its molecular effects in humans.
Evidence for the Hormone Dependency of Hepatic Hyperplastic Nodules: Inhibition of Malignant Transformation After Exogenous 17β-Estradiol and Tamoxifen
Authors: Shaindel Y. Mishkin, Emmanuel Farber, Ru Kun Ho, Shree Mulay, Seymour Mishkin
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatic hyperplastic nodules (HHNs) in rats were studied as an experimental prototype of oral contraceptive-related hepatic tumors. We have found cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in HHNs produced by acetylaminofluorene (AAF) (four cycles of 0.02% in diet). Rats with AAF-induced HHNs were randomized into four groups: (i) AAF-treated control; (ii) estrogen alone (estradiol-17β); (iii) tamoxifen alone, and (iv) estrogen + tamoxifen. After 8 months of treatment with estrogen (estradiol-17β) in combination with tamoxifen, there was regression of nodular involvement and no evidence of malignant transformation. Decreased nodular proliferation also occurred after 2 and 4 months treatment with estradiol-17β and after 8 months of tamoxifen administration. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 8 months of treatment was significantly less after treatment with estrogen (40%) or tamoxifen (42.9%) when compared to AAF-treated controls (87.5%). The number of -γ-glutamyitranspeptidase-positive foci were reduced in all treatment groups after 2,4, and 8 months of treatment; these changes were most pronounced in the estrogen-treated group and did not directly correlate with the per cent inhibition of malignant transformation. Our results suggest that the malignant transformation of estrogen receptor-positive HHNs is hormone dependent.
Bornholm Disease in the Tropics
Authors: J. V. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL IOURNALhe states that I have attempted " to divorce it (the thalamic dysfunction syndrome) . . .from environmental factors "; whereas in my paper I stated clearly that " the thalamic dysfunction state may be regarded as a response of the organism to stresses of various kinds " (i.e., environmental stress, conflicts, toxins, and so on).With regard to his remarks about the morphine and cocaine addiction syndromes, if Dr. Kirman were to go to the trouble of consulting any of the standard psychiatric textbooks dealing with the subject, he would find it stated that alkaloid addiction differs in a number of important respects from alcoholism.This last-named toxin, incidentally, is a cortical depressant rather than a true euphoriant of the type described in my article, in addition to being chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to the agents under consideration.Finally, while admitting "the limited value of present methods" (i.e., of psychiatric treatment), he is apparently unable to suggest any alternative or more effective form of treatment than that suggested in my article.In other words, his criticism is the purely destructive kind which questions everything but decides nothing, containing not one single constructive contribution to the problem under discussion.I should, of course, welcome any constructive suggestions or comments on the new concept of affective dis- orders put forward in my paper and the pharmacotherapy of these conditions.
Atrial natriuretic factor regulates the calcium current in frog isolated cardiac cells.
Authors: M P Gisbert, R Fischmeister
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effect of external application of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on calcium current (ICa) was studied in single cells isolated from frog ventricle using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Rat atriopeptin III (APIII) and 3-28 ANF rat (rANF) had negligible effects on basal ICa at concentrations up to 200 nM. However, when ICa was increased by isoprenaline, both peptides had significant inhibitory effects. rANF (3 nM) decreased isoprenaline-elevated ICa by an average of 33% after 3-5 minutes. APIII was slightly less effective than rANF. The effects of rANF and APIII were dose-dependent in a complex manner: one stimulatory and two different inhibitory effects were observed, one being responsible for an irreversible rundown of ICa. The effects of ANF were not blocked by atropine and desensitization of the cells to isoprenaline did not play a significant role in the response to ANF. When ICa was elevated by intracellular perfusion with cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, added to the patch electrode solution or using a perfused pipette, rANF or APIII had less inhibitory effect, and no rundown of ICa was observed. It is proposed that adenylate cyclase may be one of several mechanisms by which ANF regulates ICa.
Acute Morphine Administration Reduces Cell-Mediated Immunity and Induces Reactivation of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Shafi Mojadadi, Abbas Jamali, Behzad Khansarinejad, Hoorieh Soleimanjahi, Taravat Bamdad
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2009)
A piece of my mind. Commander
Authors: T. G. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Bill and I stood at graveside. My children were there too. For them, this was the first experience of the loss of a friend. Our efforts to save this life had been futile. Biopsies, liver enzyme assays, several operations: each time the patient recovered and for long periods. Then some new intervention was required. Ironically, the very means of the early basis for our relationship had failed: a liver allograft reached end-stage function. Hepatic coma was the end. Bill Gurley and I had begun working together years earlier. He was a PhD candidate studying cyclosporine pharmacology. I was part of a busy multiorgan recovery and transplant service that had developed through clinical and animal laboratory investigative channels. It was early in the cyclosporine experience and no transplant center fully understood the drug's pharmacokinetics. It was very effective in preventing allograft rejection, but could also cause severe renal and hepatic damage.
Enhancement of Wound Healing by Growth Factors
Authors: Thomas K. Hunt, Frederick B. La Van
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The early work on growth factors raised hopes of new insights into cancer. In addition, even before Cohen and Levi-Montalcini shared a Nobel prize in 1986 for their work on epidermal and nerve growth factors, it was clear that the effect of growth factors on wound healing would be studied. Rarely is cell replication as rapid as it is in wounds. Many poorly healing wounds appear to be failures of this process, and enhancement of the growth signal seems to be a logical therapy. It even seems possible that the pace of "normal" repair might be accelerated.Unfortunately, the conditions . . .
Elsewhere reviews. Nitric oxide and hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension
Authors: Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

1 The effects of inhibiting endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on the systemic and splanchnic circulation have been investigated in rats with experimental chronic portal hypertension, anaesthetized with ketamine. 2 Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation, 2 weeks prior to study. This procedure induced a reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure (MAP), an increase in cardiac output as measured by radiolabelled microspheres, a reduction in peripheral and splanchnic vascular resistance and an increased portal venous inflow (PVI) and portal pressure, as compared to control non-ligated rats. 3 L-NMAA (6.25 and 50 mg kg−1, i.v.) dosedependently increased MAP, reduced cardiac output and PVI, and increased peripheral and splanchnic vascular resistance. With L-NMMA (50 mg kg−1), PVI and the vascular resistances returned to values comparable to those determined in control non-ligated anaesthetized rats under resting conditions. 4 Porto-collateral resistance was also increased by these doses of L-NMMA, whereas portal pressure was unchanged. The increase in renal blood flow and decrease in renal vascular resistance also seen in portal-hypertensive rats was reversed by L-NMMA (50 mg kg−1). 5 These effects of L-NMMA (50 mg kg−1) were inhibited by prior administration of L-arginine (300 mg kg−1, i.v.). 6 These findings indicate that the chronic hyperdynamic circulatory characteristics following portal vein stenosis can be attenuated by L-NMMA. Thus, the excessive formation of endogenous NO may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the haemodynamic disturbances and splanchnic vasodilatation associated with chronic portal hypertension.
Health, Housing, and Other Things
Authors: W. Donald Ross
Journal: JAMA (1973)

He tells it like it is, and was. This account of struggles for better housing and health, including mental health, in Cincinnati, should be an eye-opener for the younger generation of community-minded physicians, medical students, and other health workers. Mr. Marquette (now 80 years of age) is one of an older generation whose zeal to remedy our social ills was no less than that of those of our current young adults who are not dropping out. As Executive Secretary of the Public Health Federation in Cincinnati, he showed great talent for drawing together individuals and organizations interested in health and in planning preventive health programs of the time. Mr. Marquette's book is written in a charming and chatty conversational style. Always entertaining and enlightening, it is sometimes rambling and parts of it are of more interest to personal friends than to health and welfare workers in general. A very detailed
The Vectorcardiogram in Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels
Authors: GEORGE H. KHOURY, REDA M. SHAHER, RODNEY S. FOWLER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The Frank vectorcardiograms of 50 patients with complete transposition of the great vessels were analyzed, and the findings were correlated with the electrocardiogram and hemodynamics. The patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In group I, consisting of 20 patients with ventricular septal defect, the vector cardiograms showed evidence of combined ventricular hypertrophy in 80% of the cases, the scalar electrocardiogram, in 40%. In group II, 13 patients with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the vectorcardiogram was consistent with either right, combined, or left ventricular hypertrophy. In groups III and IV, patients with intact ventricular septum with or without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the vectorcardiogram was consistent with right ventricular hypertrophy in the majority of cases.