tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Spinal Mineral Loss After the Menopause
Authors: Richard B. Mazess
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cann et al (1980; 244:2056) reported that the mineral concentration in computed tomographic (CT) scans of lumbar vertebrae declined by 6% to 10% per year in women (half of whom were estrogen treated) after oophorectomy. Even higher losses (20% per year) were seen in some subjects. The average rate was many times higher than the usual postmenopausal rate (1% per year) of bone loss in iliac crest biopsy or than the comparable aging decrease (1% per year) that might be inferred from the bone density changes of the spinal centrum between ages 40 and 60 years.<sup>1,2</sup>The high loss observed with CT could reflect a technical error. Cann et al gave the incorrect impression that they used dual-energy CT (which is not sensitive to variable fat content of marrow) but actually used single-energy scans, which are subject to large fat-induced inaccuracies.<sup>3</sup>A 10% increase of
PTPN11/Shp2 overexpression enhances liver cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis of patients
Authors: Tao Han, Dai-Min Xiang, Wen Sun, Na Liu, Huan-Lin Sun, Wen Wen, Wei-Feng Shen, Ruo-Yu Wang, Cheng Chen, Xue Wang, Zhuo Cheng, Heng-Yu Li, Meng-Chao Wu, Wen-Ming Cong, Gen-Sheng Feng, Jin Ding, Hong-Yang Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: survival in population based and hospital based cohorts
Authors: D. W Mapel, W. C Hunt, R. Utton, K. B Baumgartner, J. M Samet, D. B Coultas
Journal: Thorax (1998)

To ascertain whether findings from hospital based clinical series can be extended to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the general population, the survival of patients with IPF in a population based registry was compared with that of a cohort of patients with IPF treated at major referral hospitals and the factors influencing survival in the population based registry were identified.The survival of 209 patients with IPF from the New Mexico Interstitial Lung Disease Registry and a cohort of 248 patients with IPF who were participating in a multicentre case-control study was compared. The determinants of survival for the patients from the Registry were determined using life table and proportional hazard modelling methods.The median survival times of patients with IPF in the Registry and case-control cohorts were similar (4.2 years and 4.1 years, respectively), although the average age at diagnosis of the Registry patients was greater (71.7 years versus 60.6 years, p < 0.01). After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and ethnicity, the death rate within six months of diagnosis was found to be greater in the Registry patients (relative hazard (RH) 6.32, 95% CI 2.19 to 18.22) but more than 18 months after diagnosis the death rate was less (RH 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.66) than in the patients in the case-control study. Factors associated with poorer prognosis in the Registry included advanced age, severe radiographic abnormalities, severe reduction in forced vital capacity, and a history of corticosteroid treatment.The adjusted survival of patients with IPF in the general population is different from that of hospital referrals which suggests that selection biases affect the survival experience of referral hospitals.
Long-Term Plasticity of Endocannabinoid Signaling Induced by Developmental Febrile Seizures
Authors: Kang Chen, Anna Ratzliff, Lutz Hilgenberg, Attila Gulyás, Tamás F Freund, Martin Smith, Thien P Dinh, Daniele Piomelli, Ken Mackie, Ivan Soltesz
Journal: Neuron (2003)
1051. BMP2 Induced Chondrogenesis: Can Monocytic Progenitors Differentiate into Chondrocytes?
Authors: Alan R. Davis, Jessica Shafer, Francis H. Gannon, Christine Fouletier-Dilling, Zawaunyka Lazard, Zbigniew Gugala, Michael H. Heggeness, Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A major reason for bone graft failure is inadequate vascularization. To address this deficiency, we studied de novo formation of blood vessels and cartilage in a murine model of bone formation, in which newly formed cartilage is apparent within 4 – 5 days after intramuscular injection of cells expressing BMP2. Within 24 hours after BMP2 induction, endothelial cells (ECs) began proliferating, as did vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This correlated witha rapid, transient increase in the expression of several VEGFs within the lesional area. Within 72 hours, ECs and some of the VSMCs had co-localized in muscle tissue, indicative of the formation of new vessels. However, most of the VSMCs remained as conglomerate of "mesenchymal-like" cells expressing smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) and CD68, a monocytic marker. This expression was lost by days 4-5 coincident with upregulation of Sox9, and appearance of chondrocytes. Studies using a Cre/Lox system in which a myeloid specific promoter driving Cre recombinase can irreversibly unblock expression of β- galactosidase only in cells of myeloid origin, showed specific activity in the newly formed chondrocytes. These results suggest that vascular expansion is a very early event in bone formation, preceding chondrogensis and involves a myelo-monocytic-mesenchymal progenitor which contributes to neovascularization and chondrogenesis. These factors may be critical to engineering vascularized bone for grafting.
Secondary tumours of the penis
Authors: A W Bates, S I Baithun
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Mr Harper and colleagues1 (January 2002 JRSM) report an unusual case of colonic adenocarcinoma presenting with a penile metastasis. We have studied the pathology of secondary neoplasms of the genitourinary tract in a series of some 27 000 necropsies at the Royal London Hospital2,3. Secondary malignancies of the penis are much less common than those of other sites in the genitourinary tract: there were 425 secondary tumours of the kidney, 155 of the bladder, 24 of the prostate, 14 of the testis, and only 5 of the penis. These 5 cases were from necropsies of men who died between the ages of 51 and 74 years. 2 were metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 2 were metastatic transitionalcell carcinomas of the bladder, and 1 a prostatic adenocarcinoma that reached the bulb of the penis by direct spread. The histological appearances were of diffuse infiltration, by tumour cells, of the vascular spaces of the corpora cavernosum and spongiosum. All had metastatic disease elsewhere. Vascular spread seems to be the usual route of metastases to the penis, though their rarity in so vascular an organ suggests that it is an unpermissive environment for tumour growth4.
Anthony Paul Ryley Eckersley
Authors: C. Eckersley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Anthony Paul Ryley Eckersley (“Tony”) was born in Haddington, Scotland in 1947 but spent most of his childhood and education in Cumbria. He returned to Scotland when he was accepted initially to study forestry at Aberdeen University. Transferring into the medical school after a year, he continued there until he graduated in 1973. While at university he met his wife, Anne, and they were married in 1972.

After completing his training in Inverness, Tony embarked on a career in general practice. He worked in the Southside Road and then the Crown medical practices where he established himself as …
THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER IN CHILDREN.A PLEA FOR ENTEROCLYSIS.
Authors: W. C. HOLLOPETER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In attempting to give a very brief outline of my methods of managing typhoid fever in children, it is well to preface my remarks by saying that I will confine myself strictly to those methods which my experience has found most satisfactory; it is hoped that by so doing I may invite a free discussion and thus gain some additional knowledge on this perennial subject. To manage a case of typhoid fever in a child successfully, we must be sure of our diagnosis and fully understand the child. An early diagnosis is not an easy matter, because the disease is frequently ushered in under the guise of some acute disorder which greatly postpones a decision. Usually the child has been ill for six or seven days before the physician is called. At this time we may find a temperature ranging from 101 to 104 degrees. The symptoms may strongly suggest
Abstract B43: SNP Q787Q of EGFR gene and efficacy of EGFR-TKI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Young-Chul, Kim Kyu-Sik, Oh In-Jae, Ban Hee-Jung, Na Kook-Joo, Ahn Sung-Ja, Song Sang-Yun, Choi Song, Choi Yoo-Duk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Many activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been correlated with sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 20 of EGFR gene (2361G&amp;gt;A transition) does not alter the amino acids of glutamine at codon 787 (Q787Q). We reviewed the relationship between this SNP and EGFR-TKI sensitivity. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients (male 19, female 6) with only SNP Q787Q in EGFR exon 20 were analyzed. Tissue or cytologic specimens were used for analysis of mutations in exon 18 to 21 of EGFR gene by direct sequencing. Treatments with EGFR-TKIs were performed in 16 patients and response evaluations were eligible in 15 cases. Results: In 15 response evaluable patients, there were 2 partial responses (PR) and 5 stable diseases (SD) [response rate: 13.3%, disease control rate: 46.7%]. Median time to progression (TTP) was 392 days (range: 105∼511). Five patients showed longer than 3 months of TTP (PR 2 and SD 3, adenocarcinoma 4 and squamous cell carcinoma 1, gefitinib 4 and erlotinib 1). Conclusion: Thirteen percent of NSCLC with 2361G&amp;gt;A transition without other activating mutations responded to EGFR-TKIs.
Paricalcitol as Compared with Calcitriol in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Tilman B. Drüeke, David A. McCarron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism, a common consequence of chronic kidney disease, results from abnormal regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Three factors are central to its development. The first, reduced renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), emerges in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. As the disease progresses, the second and the third factors come into play: renal phosphate clearance and net calcium balance become inadequate to maintain serum phosphorus and ionized calcium levels within an optimal range. The synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone are stimulated by a low serum calcium level, reduced inhibitory activity of calcitriol, and an elevated . . .
Effects of catecholamines on the coronary circulation in the Langendorff-type transplanted dog heart
Authors: R. W. GILES, E. EIKENS, H. J. PAOLONI, W. E. GLOVER, D. E. L. WILCKEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Intracoronary administration of isoprenaline, adrenaline, and noradrenaline in the Langendorff-type transplanted dog heart transiently decreased coronary blood flow measured from the inflow vessel; flow then increased. The reduction in coronary flow coincided with increased myocardial contractility and was prevented by keeping the left ventricle empty. Propranolol prevented changes in flow and contractility. It is concluded that positive inotropic changes result in the ejection of accumulated Thebesian flow from the ventricle and affect coronary flow measurements and that the interpretation of flow changes requires a steady state.
The Difficult Art of Giving: The Epic of Alan Gregg
Authors: Howard A. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1967)

John D. Rockefeller assembled his monumental fortune with canny skill and worked just as hard to give it away. In both tasks the Rockefeller touch—which turned oil to gold and then the gold to good— hung on the same idea: find the best men to do the job, and then let them alone. One of the independent, spirited men who helped, in Mr. Rockefeller's phrase, in "the difficult art of giving," was Alan Gregg, MD. Wilder Penfield's biography presents to us the Rockefeller Foundation officer, from Colorado boyhood, to Harvard, to public health work in Brazil, to world-wide giving to medical education and research out of the Rockefeller coffers. The book describes a man dedicated to a task of great social potential, who, in giving, sought a lever to nudge the world of medicine toward a path of continuing improvement. The Rockefeller largess is now dwarfed by the flow of
Hong Kong and US scientists believe illness is a coronavirus
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Scientists at the University of Hong Kong's department of microbiology believe they have identified the cause of the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome as a new strain of the coronavirus. The team used polymerase chain reaction technology and an immunofluorescent antibody test to identify the virus, and the scientists suspect that the disease originated from animals.

“It is not a typical coronavirus and further study is needed to find its closest relation,” explained Professor Malik Peirius, chief of virology at the university's department of microbiology.

The Hong Kong team's identification of the virus concurs with findings from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other laboratories. “We continue to regard the new coronavirus as the leading hypothesis for the aetiology of this condition. The evidence is mounting from a number of international laboratories,” said Dr Julie Gerberding, director of the CDC.

However, the existence of other viruses associated with the disease and the possibility that it is also airborne have not been ruled out. “We believe the major mode of …
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinicopathologic Factors Linked to Intravesical Recurrence After Radical Nephroureterectomy to Treat Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Seisen, Benjamin Granger, Pierre Colin, Priscilla Léon, Guillemette Utard, Raphaële Renard-Penna, Eva Compérat, Pierre Mozer, Olivier Cussenot, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Morgan Rouprêt
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Gynecology for the Primary Care Physician
Authors: Cathleen E. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Deficiency in a Patient with Turner's Syndrome (XO)
Authors: Samuel Refetoff, Herbert A. Selenkow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A kindred with deficiency of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is presented in which the propositus also has XO Turner's syndrome. The pattern of inheritance supports previous reports that TBG activity is X-chromosome linked. This genetic anomaly appears to be specific for TBG since no alterations in other hormone-binding proteins could be demonstrated. No inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) binding to TBG could be demonstrated. The presence of approximately half the normal maximal T4-binding capacity of TBG in heterozygous females is compatible with Lyon's hypothesis of random and permanent inactivation of one X chromosome during early fetal development of female somatic cells. There is no evidence of peripheral tissue thyroxine deficiency despite an absence of binding of T4 to the TBG zone and low total circulating T4. Daily hormonal utilization is normal. TBG deficiency in Turner's syndrome has not previously been described. The abnormality of TBG binding permitted identification of the maternal origin of the single X chromosome in the propositus.
Treatment of overt meningeal leukaemia in children: results of second MRC meningeal leukaemia trial.
Authors: M L Willoughby
Journal: BMJ (1976)

After induction ofmeningeal remission by a course of intrathecal methotrexate patients were randomly allocated to receive either cranial irradiation or craniospinal irradiation. Patients being treated for their first meningeal relapse were randomised separately from those in their second or subsequent relapse. All eight patients in their first relapse who were given cranial irradiation alone developed further meningeal recurrence (median length of remission 15 weeks) compared with only two out of nine given craniospinal irradiation (median length of remission at least 99 weeks). Four of the nine patients given craniospinal irradiation were alive and without further meningeal relapse two and a half to four years after treatment. Craniospinal irradiation produced no such advantage for patients entering the trial in their second or subsequent meningeal relapse.
The Specialty of Haematology
Authors: M. S. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Chemokines play critical roles in inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells to injury sites. In this study, we found that UDP induced expression of chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL3 (MIP-1α) in microglia, astrocytes, and slice cultures by activation of P2Y<sub>6</sub>. Interestingly, CCL2 was more highly expressed than CCL3. However, CCL2 synthesis kinetics in response to UDP differed in microglia and astrocytes; microglia rapidly produced small amounts of CCL2, whereas astrocytes continuously synthesized large amounts of CCL2, resulting in a high ultimate level of the chemokine. UDP-induced chemokine expression was reduced in the presence of a specific antagonist of P2Y<sub>6</sub> (MRS2578) or small interfering RNA directed against the <i>P2Y<sub>6</sub></i> gene. Inhibition of phospholipase C and calcium increase, downstream signaling pathways of Gq-coupled P2Y<sub>6</sub>, reduced UDP-induced chemokine expression. UDP activated two calcium-activated transcription factors, NFATc1 and c2. Furthermore, inhibitors of calcineurin (a phosphatase activating NFAT) and NFAT reduced UDP-induced chemokine synthesis. We also found, using a transmigration assay, that UDP-treated astrocytes recruited monocytes. These results suggest that UDP induces chemokine expression in microglia and astrocytes of the injured brain by activation of P2Y<sub>6</sub> receptors.
Depression in Primary Care
Authors: J. Jarrett Clinton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ATORVASTATIN TREATMENT IMPROVES THE EFFECTS OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TRANSPLANTATION ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: THE ROLE OF RHOA/ROCK/ERK PATHWAY
Authors: Qian Zhang, YueJin Yang, Hong Wang, Na Li, Tianjie Wang, Haiyan Qian, Chen Jin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES WITH PEPTONES
Authors: Albert A. Epstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The experiments here described indicate that the peptone fractions can alter the different blood elements in such a manner as to affect their immunological reactions. This power is not possessed by all the peptones equally, either qualitatively or quantitatively. If we regard the phenomenon of hemolysis by immune serum in the light of a biochemical process, depending upon properties inherent in certain constituents of the serum and the red blood cells, the experiments described reveal a number of facts concerning the immunochemical action of albumoses and peptones. These substances, which depend for their separation and identification upon purely physical means, show differences in their behavior toward the elements concerned in the production of hemolysis. Inagaki (7) has shown that the albumoses can combine with nucleohiston. It is not improbable, therefore, that some of the reactions are chemical as well as physicochemical in character. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the reactions elicited can aid us in the differentiation of the peptone bodies, for which at present we possess but few tests. The results, however, are suggestive, and may aid in recognizing the presence of these substances in blood serum.
EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Lynn E. Spitler, Christine M. von Muller, H. Hugh Fudenberg, Edwin H. Eylar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The encephalitogenic determinant of brain protein, a nonapeptide having the amino acid sequence Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gln-Lys, has been characterized and synthesized. In a previous study, analogues of this encephalitogenic peptide were synthesized and some were shown to be encephalitogenic while others were not. Guinea pigs were immunized with encephalitogenic peptides having amino acid sequences different from that in the native protein. These guinea pigs did not show cellular immunity in vivo (skin reactivity) or in vitro (lymphocyte stimulation or macrophage migration inhibition) to the encephalitogenic brain protein (EP) although they did show cellular immunity to the immunizing antigenic peptide. Guinea pigs immunized with an encephalitogenic peptide having the same amino acid sequence as the brain protein, or with a nonencephalitogenic peptide having the same amino acid sequence as the native protein but lacking the terminal lysine, did develop cellular immunity to the EP. Animals immunized with EP showed cellular immunity to this protein, but not to the encephalitogenic peptides. Animals immunized with nonencephalitogenic protein (NEP), prepared by altering the tryptophan residue of EP, did not develop disease but did show cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo to the EP. Animals protected from disease by immunization with NEP similarly showed cellular immunity to EP. Thus, the results suggest a dissociation between cellular immunity to EP and the production of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE). Animals immunized with the encephalitogenic peptides develop EAE, but do not show cellular immunity to EP, and animals immunized with NEP show cellular immunity to EP but do not develop EAE. A fresh approach to the examination of the pathogenesis of EAE is now possible through the use of these well-characterized antigens.