tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Nino Carnevale
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Multiple parathyroid adenomas have been an unusual cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Contralateral neck exploration might not be required if normal microscopic features are seen in the ipsilateral gland where an adenoma was found. We have treated four consecutive patients with multiple parathyroid adenomas and reemphasize the principle of thorough bilateral neck exploration. Excision of only the enlarged parathyroid glands was performed; subtotal parathyroidectomy has not been required. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1332-1334)
Novel missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor α(PDGFRA) gene in childhood acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13q22)
Authors: M Hiwatari, T Taki, M Tsuchida, R Hanada, T Hongo, M Sako, Y Hayashi
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Abuse of Benzodiazepines-Reply
Authors: James H. Woods
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter from Lin et al and the article by their coworkers<sup>1</sup>to which they refer emphasize some of the points we made in our article on use and abuse of benzodiazepines. Their article<sup>1</sup>describes seven patients who demonstrated "addictive behavior" with respect to benzodiazepine use, as defined by the<i>DSM-III</i>(revised). Although insufficient data are presented to specify what types of behaviors these patients actually displayed, given the fact that six of the seven patients had histories of multiple drug abuse, it would not be surprising if they were to some extent psychologically dependent on alprazolam, as well as on the other drugs they were abusing. As we stated in our article, benzodiazepines pose a clear risk of abuse in people who are current or previous abusers of other psychoactive drugs. The situation appears much the same for the 293 patients the correspondents have treated
Increased Cortisol
Authors: ROBERT W. BAKER, BRIAN R. WALKER, RORY J. SHAW, JOHN W. HONOUR, DAVID S. JESSOP, STAFFORD L. LIGHTMAN, ALIMUDDIN ZUMLA, GRAHAM A. W. ROOK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To evaluate a possible role for altered cortisol metabolism in mediating the immunoparesis associated with progressive tuberculosis (TB), we have studied the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the activities of the 11 β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11-HSDs) that interconvert active cortisol and inactive cortisone. In active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), the ratio of cortisol/cortisone metabolites in 24-h urine showed a shift towards active cortisol (ratio, 1.19 ± 0.1, n = 16 versus 0. 89 ± 0.05 in cured pulmonary tuberculosis (CTB), n = 13, p < 0. 01; and 0.78 ± 0.04 healthy volunteers (HV), n = 11, p < 0.005). Conversion of cortisone (administered as 25 mg orally) to cortisol in peripheral plasma was higher in PTB (peak 1,157 ± 55 nM, n = 14 versus 862 ± 50 nM in CTB, n = 10, p < 0.005, and 882 ± 73 nM in HV, n = 10; p < 0.005). Cortisol/cortisone ratio was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in PTB (7.73 ± 1.48, mean ± SE, n = 13) compared with HV (4.05 ± 0.38, n = 11, p < 0.05) but was not different in plasma (PTB, 3.25 ± 0.68; HV, 4.01 ± 0.92). Responses of plasma cortisol to dexamethasone, CRH stimulation, and multidose ACTH stimulation were not different. These data suggest that in pulmonary tuberculosis, central control of glucocorticoid production is normal but that peripheral metabolism, in particular in the lung, is deviated in favor of the active metabolite cortisol. This offers a possible mechanism to explain the immunoparesis observed in progressive pulmonary tuberculosis.
Transrectal Ultrasonography: Is It Ready for Routine Use?
Authors: George Baumgartner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To  Editor.—  On what data does Dr Chodak 1 base his statement that the most recent assessment indicates that surgically implanted radioactive seeds have not been a sufficiently effective treatment for localized prostate cancer?  Schellhammer and associates 2 reported similar percentages of negative biopsy findings with either open implantation of iodine 125 (65%) or external beam radiation therapy (71%) for treatment of prostate cancer.  Further, Dr Chodak, grouping together various surgical approaches, declares iodine 125 implantation experimental despite  fact that there is a history of success with open surgery, which was originally developed because of  anatomic limitation of  perineal approach. 3
Epidemiology and public health in American universities
Authors: R. M Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients, associated with any evidence of drug-induced lupus.It is possible therefore that extension of Dr Marshall's investigation to larger numbers of patients, with appropriate age-matched controls, could result in conclusions different from those reported.However, their finding that all prazosin-related ANF patterns were of the speckled variety is very unusual.When ANF did occur in patients on prazosin in our study it was not restricted to this mor- phological pattern.This suggests that there may be some unusual factors influencing results in Dr Marshall's patients.
The use of venous coupler device in end to side anastomoses in head and neck free tissue transfer (FTT)
Authors: Billy Wong, Nakul Patel, Amer Durrani
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

s / International Journal of Surgery 11 (2013) 589e685 681 ABSTRACTS is negative and 63.6% (14/22) when the sentinel lymph node is positive. This is in comparison to MSLT's findings of 9.7% (62/642) when the SLN is negative and 26.2% (32/122) when the SLN is positive. Conclusions: Our identification rates and incidence of positive nodes are comparable to MSLT. However our false negative and mortality rates fall short of these standards. The procedure of SLNB should correctly identify the SLN, and this failure rate has prompted us to consider other forms of identification of the SLN such as PET and CT scanning. We will continue to audit our outcomes. 0810: HAND INFECTIONS e HOW DEEP IS THE PROBLEM? Jessica Harvey , Isabel Teo , Sarah Thompson , Trevor Winstanley . NHS Yorkshire and Humber, Sheffield, UK; Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK; Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK; Northern General Hospital,
Generation and analysis of random point mutations in an antibody CDR2 sequence: many mutated antibodies lose their ability to bind antigen.
Authors: C Chen, V A Roberts, M B Rittenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We have investigated the impact of mutations on the binding functions of the phosphocholine (PC)-specific T15 antibody in the absence of antigen selection pressure. The H chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) sequence of T15 antibody was saturated with point mutations by in vitro random mutagenesis. From the mutant library, 289 clones were screened by direct DNA sequencing. The point mutations generated by this method were randomly distributed throughout the CDR2 region and included all kinds of substitutions. 46 unique mutant antibodies, containing one to four point mutations each, were expressed in SP2/0 myeloma cells. Functional analysis on these antibodies has provided insights into several aspects of somatic mutation. (a) The majority (26/46) of mutant antibodies either lost (20/46) or had reduced (6/46) ability to bind PC-protein conjugates or R36a, a PC-expressing strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In contrast, none of the mutant antibodies displayed increased binding for these PC antigens. Taken together with calculations of destructive mutations elsewhere in the V region, the data suggest that somatic mutation may cause extensive wastage among B cells during clonal expansion after antigen stimulation. (b) The frequency of binding-loss mutants increased sharply when a second mutation was introduced into the CDR2 sequence; it appears that, in some cases, two or more mutations are needed to destroy binding. (c) The mutant antibodies were tested for their reactivity to 11 non-PC antigens as well as to three PC analogues. None of the mutants gained new reactivity or changed their ability to discriminate structural analogues, supporting the notion that the major role of somatic mutation is to increase or decrease affinity rather than to create new specificities. (d) Mutations in at least five different positions in CDR2 were deleterious, suggesting that these residues may be essential for antigen binding. Three of these positions are novel in that they had not been identified to be important for binding PC by previous crystallographic analysis. (e) Introduction of mutations into two highly conserved residues in CDR2 did not alter the overall conformation of the V region as judged by antiidiotypic analysis, and, in some cases, did not affect the antigen binding function. The results thus indicate that even nonconservative substitutions of invariant residues need not be deleterious, suggesting that their conservation may be due to reasons other than maintaining antibody structure or specificity.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Somatization and Symptom Syndromes: A Critical Review of Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Kurt Kroenke, Ralph Swindle
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; Few treatments for somatization have been proven effective. In the past decade, however, clinical trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have been promising. Our aim was to critically review and synthesize the evidence from these trials. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A search of the Medline database from 1966 through July 1999 was conducted to identify controlled trials designed to evaluate the efficacy of CBT in patients with somatization or symptom syndromes. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A total of 31 controlled trials (29 randomized and 2 nonrandomized) were identified. Twenty-five studies targeted a specific syndrome (e.g. chronic fatigue, irritable bowel, pain) while 6 focused on more general somatization or hypochondriasis. Primary outcome assessment included physical symptoms, psychological distress and functional status in 28, 26 and 19 studies, respectively. Physical symptoms appeared the most responsive: CBT-treated patients improved more than control subjects in 71% of the studies and showed possibly greater improvement (i.e., a trend) in another 11% of the studies. A definite or possible advantage of CBT for reducing psychological distress was demonstrated in only 38 and 8% of studies, and for improving functional status in 47 and 26%. Group therapy and interventions as brief as 5 sessions proved efficacious. Benefits were sustained for up to 12 months. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; CBT can be an effective treatment for patients with somatization or symptom syndromes. Benefits can occur whether or not psychological distress is ameliorated. Since chronic symptoms are exceptionally common and most studies were conducted in referral populations, the optimal sequencing of CBT in treating primary care patients and the identification of those most likely to accept and respond to therapy should be further evaluated.
PHACE SYNDROME IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH UNUSUAL AND POTENTIALLY “SILENT” SEVERE AORTIC ARCH OBSTRUCTION: THE INTERNATIONAL PHACE SYNDROME REGISTRY REVIEW
Authors: Peter C. Frommelt, Michelle L. Bayer, Dawn H. Siegel, Kristen Holland, Ilona Frieden, Alfons Krol, Johannes M.P.J. Breur, Elena Pope, Orli Wargon, Beth A. Drolet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Rick A. Nishimura
Journal: Circulation (2002)

t is important to diagnose and treat diseases of the aortic valve.Untreated aortic valve disease can eventually result in heart failure, severe infection, and even sudden death.Some patients present with severe symptoms, whereas others have few, if any symptoms.The diagnosis may be made on a routine physical examination.Regular medical follow-up, treatment to prevent infection of the valve (infective endocarditis), and optimal timing of surgery are necessary to avoid the severe consequences of improper function of the aortic valve.
Splenectomy in the Management of the Thrombocytopenia of the Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: Lawrence G. Lum, David G. Tubergen, Laurence Corash, R. Michael Blaese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked immunodeficiency disorder consisting of the triad of frequent infections, eczema, and profound thrombocytopenia. We evaluated the effects of splenectomy on hemostatic improvement and subsequent clinical course in 16 patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. All 16 had an increase in platelet counts to at least 100,000 per cubic millimeter after splenectomy, with the mean increasing from 19,900 per cubic millimeter preoperatively to 262,700 per cubic millimeter after splenectomy. In addition, platelet size, which is characteristically small in this disease, also became normal. Survival after splenectomy correlated with the prophylactic use of antibiotics. Five of seven patients not taking prophylactic antibiotics died of sepis within 33 months of surgery. The mean survival of the nine patients maintained with prophylactic antibiotics, however, was at least 91.4 months, with six of these patients still alive an average of 11.0 years or more after splenectomy. Thus, splenectomy is a useful therapy for a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this complex syndrome.
Clinical audit has lacked a national strategy and cooperation from GPs
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Aims:</h3> To review the epidemiology, diagnosis and changing treatment paradigm of ocular candidiasis, and report current prevalence rates and risk factors at one inpatient hospital. <h3>Design:</h3> Retrospective review; systematic literature review. <h3>Methods:</h3> All Wills Eye Institute inpatient ophthalmology consultations from Thomas Jefferson University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between June 2006 and November 2006. All consultations for candidaemia were included. The outcome variables included chorioretinitis, endophthalmitis, visual symptoms and <i>Candida</i> speciation. The ophthalmic literature was reviewed using PubMed. Keywords included <i>Candida</i>, candidaemia, chorioretinitis, vitritis and endophthalmitis. Bibliographies were manually searched. <h3>Results:</h3> Three of the 38 consultations for candidaemia (7.9%) had chorioretinitis. There were no cases of vitritis or endophthalmitis. The presence of symptoms, or the inability to articulate symptoms, was significantly associated with risk of ocular candidiasis (p = 0.003). All three cases of chorioretinitis had positive blood cultures for <i>Candida</i><i>albicans</i> (p = 0.089) and were treated with oral fluconazole. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Various factors have led to the increasing prevalence of inpatient candidaemia. Risk factors for ocular involvement include <i>albicans</i> species and the presence of, or inability to articulate, visual symptoms. For those without abnormal findings on initial examination, a subsequent retinal examination should be performed in 2 weeks, particularly if new symptoms develop or if the patient is unable to relay symptoms. Patients with chorioretinitis should be treated with systemic antifungal agents. For those with vitritis or endophthalmitis, particularly if worsening on systemic therapy alone, intravitreal antifungal medications or early vitrectomy should be considered.
Acquired Nonmalignant Esophagotracheobronchial Fistula
Authors: Adam R. Wychulis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Acquired nonmalignant esophagotracheobronchial fistulas are rare. The chief causes are infection and trauma. The pathognomonic complaint is a strangulating sensation occurring several seconds after the ingestion of liquids or solids. Nine of the fistulas in our study were esophagotracheal and 27 were esophagobronchial. The fistula was delineated roentgenographically in every case in which radiopaque material was introduced into the esophagus. Bronchography should be used to exclude the presence of pulmonary complications which often develop during the course of this disease. These fistulas are best treated by direct surgical repair through a cervical or transpleural approach, depending on their location. The result was successful in 13 of the 14 patients treated by this method.
A Controlled Study of Nortriptyline and Imipramine
Authors: A. KESSELL, T. A.A. PEARCE, N. F. HOLT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

A double-blind comparison was made of the secondary amine, nortriptyline, and the tertiary amine, imipramine, in female outpatients with a primary depressive illness. There was no significant difference in the overall response between the two drugs, although other differences were found. It was not possible to confirm clinically the hypothesis that the action of the tertiary amines is medicated through secondary amine derivatives and that tertiary amine configuration is associated with tranquilization and secondary amine configuration with thymoleptic activity.
A Way to Increase the Membership.
Authors: G. G. Harman
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Huntingdon, Pa., Sept. 16, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you please send to my address about twenty-five blank applications for membership in theAmerican Medical Association? It seems to me, if some member, treasurer or secretary of each county medical society would distribute to each member of their society a blank application for membership in theAmerican Medical Association, telling them also that in connection with their certificate of membership they would receive a weekly journal of medicine which is second to none in the United States, that there would be a larger ingathering of membership to theAssociation. It is for this purpose that I desire the blanks, and if you have any surplus copies of theJournalI think I could use them to good advantage. Yours respectfully, We have printed the foregoing letter, although it was not intended for publication, as it contains a valuable suggestion for
What has to be learned in motor learning?
Authors: Harold Bekkering, Detlef Heck, Fahad Sultan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The present commentary considers the question of what must be learned in different types of motor skills, thereby limiting the question of what should be adjusted in the APG model in order to explain successful learning. It is concluded that an open loop model like the APG might well be able to describe the learning pattern of motor skills in a stable, predictable environment. Recent research on saccadic plasticity, however, illustrates that motor skills performed in an unpredictable environment depend heavily on sensory (mostly visual) feedback, [HOUK et al.]
Family Characteristics and Life Events Before the Onset of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes in Young Adults
Authors: Bengt Littorin, Göran Sundkvist, Lennarth Nyström, Anita Carlson, Mona Landin-Olsson, Jan Östman, Hans J. Arnqvist, Elisabeth Björk, Göran Blohmé, Jan Bolinder, Jan W. Eriksson, Bengt Scherstén, Lars Wibell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To elucidate whether family characteristics and stressful life events were associated with onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This investigation was based on a nationwide study (Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden) of newly diagnosed patients aged 15–34 years. Patients clinically classified as type 1 diabetic with antibodies to islet cells and/or to GAD65 were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects via questionnaire. The questionnaire covered diabetes heredity, social environment, educational level, and life events experienced during the 12 months before diagnosis. RESULTS—The rate of response was 82% for the diabetic patients and 65% for the control subjects. Questionnaires from 349 diabetic patients and 979 control subjects were considered. Diabetes in relatives was more frequent in the patients (odds ratio [OR]2.6) who were born in Sweden and whose mothers were of Swedish origin. No major stress factors were detected in the diabetic patients; however, in comparison with the control subjects, the diabetic patients had experienced fewer conflicts with their parents and had less often broken contacts with friends. CONCLUSIONS—Young adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes were more exposed to heredity for diabetes, but no major prediabetic stress factors were detected. Our study does not directly support the concept that psychosocial stressful life events are involved in the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in young adults.
Antidepressant prescribing and suicide: Antidepressants do not reduce suicide rates
Authors: P. H Ankarberg
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Hall et al show that the biggest increase in the use of antidepressants in 1990-2000 has been in the 15-44 age group.1 Simultaneously the rate of suicide for this age span has increased in Australia. For men aged 25-34 the use of antidepressants has increased more than six times during the period and the suicide rate has increased by almost 17%.

By …
Application of the Electron Microscope to Renal Diseases
Authors: James B. Caulfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE development of technics that permit investigation of biologic specimens in the electron microscope took place shortly after the instrument became widely available commercially in the late 1940's.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The rapid application of this instrument with its resolving power of 10 to 20 Ň to the problems raised by cytologists has resulted in an extensive literature. The study of human disease has been restricted by the lack of data concerning normal variations as well as the sampling problem inherent in electron microscopy. Material for electron microscopy obtained at autopsy is generally not usable owing to autolytic changes. This has limited most . . .
Sentinel node detection in patients with breast cancer: low-energy all-purpose collimator or medium-energy collimator?
Authors: Borys R. Krynyckyi, Suzana Sata, Ian Zolty, Dong Wook Kim, Suk Chul Kim, Karin Kne??aurek
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Krynyckyi, Borys R. MD; Sata, Suzana CNMT; Zolty, Ian CNMT; Kim, Dong Wook MD; Kim, Suk Chul MD; Knešaurek, Karin PhD Author Information
A Hierarchy of Self-Renewing Tumor-Initiating Cell Types in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ruihuan Chen, Merry C. Nishimura, Stephanie M. Bumbaca, Samir Kharbanda, William F. Forrest, Ian M. Kasman, Joan M. Greve, Robert H. Soriano, Laurie L. Gilmour, Celina Sanchez Rivers, Zora Modrusan, Serban Nacu, Steve Guerrero, Kyle A. Edgar, Jeffrey J. Wallin, Katrin Lamszus, Manfred Westphal, Susanne Heim, C. David James, Scott R. VandenBerg, Joseph F. Costello, Scott Moorefield, Cynthia J. Cowdrey, Michael Prados, Heidi S. Phillips
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
A Case of Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp Causing Small-Bowel Intussusception in which Retrograde Double-Balloon Enteroscopy was Useful for the Preoperative Diagnosis
Authors: T. Miyata, H. Yamamoto, H. Kita, T. Yano, K. Sunada, Y. Sekine, M. Iwamoto, A. Kuno, N. Onishi, K. Ido, M. Nokubi, A. Tanaka, K. Sugano
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We showed a newly developed method, retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy, to be useful for preoperative diagnosis in a case of inflammatory fibroid polyp accompanied by small-bowel intussusception. A 64-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with small-bowel intussusception. Results of radiographic and ultrasonographic examination were suggestive of a small-bowel mass. Retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy was performed in an attempt to make a preoperative diagnosis. Endoscopic observation, in combination with histological findings derived from endoscopic biopsy, was suggestive of an inflammatory fibroid polyp. The patient then underwent laparotomy with minimal incision, which revealed a polypoid mass leading to a jejunojejunal intussusception, without bowel necrosis, and a partial small-bowel resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was an inflammatory fibroid polyp.