tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender‐medicine aspects in allergology
Authors: E. Jensen‐Jarolim, E. Untersmayr
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Despite the identical immunological mechanisms activating the release of mediators and consecutive symptoms in immediate‐type allergy, there is still a clear clinical difference between female and male allergic patients. Even though the risk of being allergic is greater for boys in childhood, almost from adolescence onwards it seems to be a clear disadvantage to be a woman as far as atopic disorders are concerned. Asthma, food allergies and anaphylaxis are more frequently diagnosed in females. In turn, asthma and hay fever are associated with irregular menstruation. Pointing towards a role of sex hormones, an association of asthma and intake of contraceptives, and a risk for asthma exacerbations during pregnancy have been observed. Moreover, peri‐ and postmenopausal women were reported to increasingly suffer from asthma, wheeze and hay fever, being even enhanced by hormone replacement therapy. This may be on account of the recently identified oestradiol‐receptor‐dependent mast‐cell activation. As a paradox of nature, women may even become hypersensitive against their own sex hormones, resulting in positive reactivity upon intradermal injection of oestrogen or progesterone. More importantly, this specific hypersensitivity is associated with recurrent miscarriages. Even though there is a striking gender‐specific bias in IgE‐mediated allergic diseases, public awareness of this fact still remains minimal today.
Myonecrosis in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Behnam Malekgoudarzi, Stephen Feffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Myonecrosis is a rare complication of sickle cell anemia. We report the development of myonecrosis with a sterile abscess in a 24-year-old black woman with sickle cell anemia, who was admitted to the hospital because of severe pain and numbness in the left thigh. She had had numerous admissions to the hospital for painful crises. Examination of the legs revealed mild swelling of the left thigh, without erythema or warmth. There was decreased fine sensation from midthigh to midcalf. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Blood cultures were negative. Radiographs of both legs and magnetic . . .
Ibuprofen-Associated Pure White-Cell Aplasia
Authors: Steven W. Mamus, Jack D. Burton, Jerome D. Groat, Daniel A. Schulte, Michael Lobell, Esmail D. Zanjani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory agent that is commonly used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis1 and osteoarthritis.2 Although ibuprofen has a favorable therapeutic risk–benefit ratio,3 a number of potentially serious adverse reactions have been associated with the use of this drug.4 , 5 We investigated the mechanism of ibuprofen-induced reversible agranulocytosis and bone marrow granulocytic aplasia (pure white-cell aplasia) in a patient with osteoarthritis who had been receiving ibuprofen. We observed a circulating complementdependent antibody that, in the presence of ibuprofen, profoundly inhibited the growth of autologous and heterologous myeloid progenitors in vitro.Case ReportAn 80-year-old man with . . .
Right ventricular diastolic function before and after pulmonary valve replacement late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Alexander van Straten, Hubert W. Vliegen, Mark G. Hazekamp, Hildo J. Lamb, Jaap Ottenkamp, Ernst E. Van der Wall, Albert De Roos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression in perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: EM Varga, MR Jacobson, SJ Till, K Masuyama, F O'Brien, SR Durham, S Rak, V Lund, GK Scadding, QA Hamid
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: Allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis patients leads to local eosinophilia and Th2‐type cytokine expression. Natural exposure to grass pollen is additionally characterized by epithelial mast‐cell infiltration. We hypothesized that perennial allergic rhinitis is also associated with T‐cell and eosinophil infiltration of the nasal mucosa, local Th2‐type cytokine expression, and increased numbers of nasal epithelial mast cells. Methods: Nasal biopsies from perennial allergic rhinitis patients and controls were analysed by immunocytochemistry for different cell populations and in situ hybridization for cytokine mRNA‐expressing cells. Results: Perennial allergic rhinitis was associated with increased numbers of submucosal CD3+ T cells ( P =0.05), EG2+ activated eosinophils ( P =0.01), and CD68+ macrophages ( P =0.01) compared to controls. Epithelial, but not submucosal, tryptase‐positive mast cells were also elevated in rhinitics compared to controls ( P =0.01). The numbers of cells expressing interleukin (IL)‐5 were higher ( P =0.01) and the numbers of cells expressing IL‐2 were lower ( P =0.04) in rhinitic patients than controls. There were no significant differences for either IL‐4 or interferon‐gamma between the groups. Conclusions: Perennial allergic rhinitis is characterized by mast‐cell migration into the epithelium; submucosal infiltration by T cells, eosinophils, and macrophages; and an imbalance in local T‐cell cytokine production in favour of enhanced IL‐5 and reduced IL‐2 expression.
Ranitidine and Cimetidine
Authors: MARCOS A.S. LIMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1984Ranitidine and CimetidineMARCOS A.S. LIMA, M.D.MARCOS A.S. LIMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-160_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial by McCarthy (1) comparing ranitidine and cimetidine is misleading in several aspects. His attempt to represent the drugs as similar has many flaws.First, he questions whether patients whose treatment fails with either drug might be effectively managed with the other drug. In fact, ranitidine does supress gastric hypersecretion in some patients who are resistent to cimetidine (2, 3). Second, the drug interactions associated with ranitidine are rare and not of the same magnitude as those seen with cimetidine, as a rule (4). This difference is due to the lesser effect of ranitidine on cytochrome-P450-mediated...References1. MCCARTHY D. Ranitidine or cimetidine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:551-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DANILEWITZ M, TIM L, and HIRSCHOWITZ B. Ranitidine suppression of gastric hypersecretion resistant to cimetidine. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:20-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JENSEN R, COLLEN M, and PANDOL S. Cimetidine-induced impotence and breast changes in patients with gastric hypersecretory states. N Engl J Med. 1983;308;883-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BROGDEN R, CARMINE A, and HEEL R. Ranitidine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in peptic ulcer disease and other allied disease. Drugs. 1982;24:267-303. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WALT R, MALE P, and RAWLINGS J. Comparison of the effects of ranitidine, cimetidine and placebo on the 24 hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gut. 1981;22:49-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARCOS A.S. LIMA, M.D.Affiliations: Leesburg Regional Medical Center Leesburg, FL 32748 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug-Induced CholestasisHepatitis Associated with RanitidineMARCOS A. SOUZA LIMA, M.D. 1 January 1984Volume 100, Issue 1Page: 160-161KeywordsDrug interactionsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genotoxicity of Retroviral Integration In Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Arthur W. Nienhuis, Cynthia E. Dunbar, Brian P. Sorrentino
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The experience of the past 3 years, since the first case of leukemia was reported in a child cured of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) by gene therapy, indicates that the potential genotoxicity of retroviral integration in hematopoietic cells will remain a consideration in evaluating the relative risks versus benefits of gene therapy for specific blood disorders. Although many unique variables may have contributed to an increased risk in X-SCID patients, clonal dominance or frank neoplasia in animal models, clonal dominance in humans with chronic granulomatous disease, and the ability of retroviral integration to immortalize normal bone marrow cells or convert factor-dependent cells to factor independence suggest that transduction of cells with an integrating retrovirus has the potential for altering their subsequent biologic behavior. The selective pressure imposed during in vitro culture or after engraftment may uncover a growth or survival advantage for cells in which an integration event has affected gene expression. Such cells then carry the risk that subsequent mutations may lead to neoplastic evolution of individual clones. Balancing that risk is that the vast majority of integration events seem to be neutral and that optimizing vector design may diminish the probability of altering gene expression by an integrated vector genome. Several cell culture systems and animal models designed to empirically evaluate the safety of vector systems are being developed and should provide useful data for weighing the relative risks and benefits for specific diseases and patient populations. Gene therapy interventions continue to have enormous potential for the treatment of disorders of the hematopoietic system. The future of such efforts seems bright as we continue to evolve and improve various strategies to make such interventions both effective and as safe as possible.
Man's best friend
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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A few years ago I wrote an article for the lay public on the medical pros and cons of owning a pet. I made sure that I extolled the many benefits of animal contact (offering such gems of scientific information as the fact that a tank of tropical fish in the dentist's waiting room lowers the dose of analgesic required for tooth extraction) before giving a somewhat melodramatic account of the role of animal danders in atopic illness and describing a dozen or so obscure zoonoses, the names of which I had not encountered since medical school.

The article …

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Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing Countries
Authors: H Varmus, D Satcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Ethical challenges are posed by attempts to conduct clinical trials in developing countries. Such trials must seek interventions that could realistically benefit the population involved. An inadequate understanding of the complexity of such trials has led to unfair charges that developing country trials of interventions to prevent maternal-infant transmission of HIV are comparable with the infamous Tuskegee study where subjects were deprived of available treatment for syphilis. The system of ethical protection developed after the Tuskegee scandal called for respect for persons, beneficence, and justice in research trials. To apply these principles to research in developing countries requires the support and involvement of the host country as well as an understanding of how conditions in the host country may differ from conditions in the partner country and, thus, may require different types of clinical trials. The current debate hinges on the morality of using a placebo control when the AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 is being effectively used in other parts of the world. The 076 protocol, however, has not been proved effective in developing country settings, and its per person treatment cost exceeds that which can be assumed by developing countries. The most compelling response to criticisms of the placebo-control test designs is that it provides definitive answers to safety and effectiveness questions in the study setting. Debate on this issue is healthy but should be informed by adequate knowledge of local factors that influence research.
Radical Muslim doctors and what they mean for the NHS
Authors: Irfan Al-Alawi, Stephen Schwartz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The disclosure that the leading alleged conspirators in last year’s bombing attempts in London and Glasgow were Muslim doctors sent a shockwave through the worldwide non-Muslim public. The same question was asked everywhere: how can those who are trained to heal turn to terrorism?

Our organisation, the Centre for Islamic Pluralism, has compiled a report, Scientific Training and Radical Islam , which we were preparing when the London and Glasgow events occurred. The report is now complete and available as a free download at www.islamicpluralism.eu. It is a distillation of field research, interpretation of major source materials in Arabic, Farsi, Urdu, and English, and collation of individual perspectives from a team of Muslim researchers. All members of the team are experienced in the observation of Islamist movements throughout the world. The report offers answers to the questions asked by personnel in the NHS, which employed three of the suspects in the London and Glasgow incidents. Firstly, did the doctors who were alleged to have been involved in such a conspiracy represent a freak phenomenon, marginal and uncharacteristic of Muslim medical staff? And secondly, were they radicalised before or after coming to Britain?

Our replies to both questions, based on our observations, are discomfiting. Many Muslim doctors, in Muslim and non-Muslim countries, have embraced the extremist doctrines of the Muslim Brotherhood, the Saudi Wahhabis, and the Pakistani jihadists. Such …
Variation in Warfarin Dose Adjustment Practice Is Responsible for Differences in the Quality of Anticoagulation Control Between Centers and Countries
Authors: Harriette G.C. Van Spall, Lars Wallentin, Salim Yusuf, John W. Eikelboom, Robby Nieuwlaat, Sean Yang, Conrad Kabali, Paul A. Reilly, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The outcome of atrial fibrillation patients on warfarin partially depends on maintaining adequate time in therapeutic International Normalized Ratio range (TTR). Large differences in TTR have been reported between centers and countries. The association between warfarin dosing practice, TTR, and clinical outcomes was evaluated in Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial patients receiving warfarin. Methods and Results— RE-LY provided an algorithm for warfarin dosing, recommending no change for in-range, and 10% to 15% weekly dose changes for out-of-range International Normalized Ratio values. We determined whether dose adjustments were consistent with algorithm recommendations but could not verify whether providers used the algorithm. Using multilevel regression models to adjust for patient, center, and country characteristics, we assessed whether algorithm-consistent warfarin dosing could predict patient TTR and the composite outcome of stroke, systemic embolism, or major hemorrhage. We included 6022 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients from 912 centers in 44 countries. We found a strong association between the proportion of algorithm-consistent warfarin doses and mean country TTR ( R 2 =0.65). The degree of algorithm-consistency accounted for 87% of the between-center and 55% of the between-country TTR variation. Each 10% increase in center algorithm-consistent dosing independently predicted a 6.12% increase in TTR (95% confidence interval, 5.65–6.59) and an 8% decrease in rate of the composite clinical outcome (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.00). Conclusions— Adherence, intentional or not, to a simple warfarin dosing algorithm predicts improved TTR and accounts for considerable TTR variation between centers and countries. Systems facilitating algorithm-based warfarin dosing could optimize anticoagulation quality and improve clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation on a global scale. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00262600.
Gutter treatment for ingrowing toenails.
Authors: W A Wallace, D D Milne, T Andrew
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The gutter treatment for ingrowing toenails consists of introducing a small guard along the side of the toenail and requires only three outpatient attendances. The gutter is left in place for eight to 12 weeks and then removed by the patient. Two studies were carried out to establish the long-term results of the method. In one, a preliminary retrospective study, 13 out of 25 patients who had received the gutter treatment were cured after one year compared with five out of 15 patients in whom the toenail had been avulsed. In a randomised prospective study 20 out of 36 patients (56%) treated by the gutter method were cured after one year compared with 27 out of 32 (84%) in whom the wedge resection procedure had been used. The gutter treatment demands little skill and may be carried out in general practice. It gives an excellent cosmetic result with immediate pain relief and does not compromise further surgery should this be required, thus fulfilling the main requirements for the primary treatment of choice.
Think hard before expanding cancer screening
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

How far should we go to find out whether people are infected with hepatitis C? What benefit will this bring them and at what risk? Recommendations for extended population screening are converging on people born between 1945 and 1965. In the United States the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Preventative Services Task Force have recommended this “cohort screening,” as most infected people are in that age group. In the US alone this would mean screening 60 million people.

Such intervention might seem easy to justify on the grounds that it would save lives. Hepatitis C causes chronic illness and premature death from liver failure. And new treatments have emerged that offer hope …
Transfer care to the NHS
Authors: H. G. Pickles
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The current unsatisfactory healthcare provision for immigration detainees1 is likely to worsen with the proposed cutbacks in funding to the UK Border Agency. Hence full transfer to the NHS has to be accelerated, while noting the paradox that this group becomes entitled to full free NHS care only because of being detained. In the proposed new world, detainee health care …
Abstract 637: Dietary heme iron and risk of colorectal cancer with specific mutations in colorectal cancer key genes
Authors: Anne Gilsing, Fiona Fransen, Theo M. de Kok, Alexandra R. Goldbohm, Adriaan P. de Bruine, M van Engeland, Piet A. van den Brandt, Anton F. de Goeij, Matty P. Weijenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Red meat intake has been linked to increased colorectal cancer risk but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Experimental studies suggest a role for dietary heme, but epidemiological evidence for its carcinogenic potential is inconclusive. Because heme may promote specific mutations, it could be insightful to link heme exposure data to colorectal cancer (CRC) with such mutations in key genes in an observational, population-based study. Methods: We investigated the association between dietary heme iron intake (tertiles) and CRC cancer with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Kirsten ras (KRAS) mutations, and tumor protein 53 (TP53) overexpression, in the Netherlands Cohort Study. After 7.3 yrs of follow-up, excluding the first 2.3 years, adjusted rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, using 3,949 subcohort members (aged 55-69 years at baseline) and 733 CRC patients. Results: Heme iron intake was associated with an increased risk of CRC with activating G&amp;gt;A mutations in KRAS (RR=2.14 for the highest compared to the lowest intake; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.92; Ptrend = 0.01). In addition, a positive association between heme intake and the risk of overall G&amp;gt;A mutations in APC tumors was observed (RR=1.73 for the highest compared to the lowest intake; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.54; Ptrend = 0.005). However, this association was not found when restricting our analyses to CRC harboring G&amp;gt;A mutations leading to a truncated APC (RR=1.35 for the highest compared to the lowest intake; 95% CI: 0.79,2.37; Ptrend = 0.29). Moreover, there was a positive association between heme iron intake and the risk of P53 overexpressed tumors which was not observed in tumours without P53 overexpression (Pheterogeneity = 0.08). Conclusion: These results suggest that heme iron intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal tumors harboring G&amp;gt;A transitions in KRAS and to a lesser extend in APC, and overexpression of P53. Taking CRC heterogeneity into account contributes to a better molecular understanding of the established association between red meat intake and CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 637. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-637
Features of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders With Aquaporin-4 and Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Jiguo Gao, Wei Pan, Hongliang Zhang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Pulmonary Inflammation — A Balancing Act
Authors: H R Colten, J E Krause
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Even in antiquity it was known that inflammation has both beneficial and adverse effects, but only recently have we begun to elucidate how the body maintains a balance between host defenses and tissue injury. This balance is especially important in the lung, where despite protective mechanical and physical forces, noxious agents constantly assault lower respiratory epithelial surfaces.More than 25 years ago, the importance of neurogenic control of pulmonary inflammation was suggested by a study of a tachykinin neuropeptide called substance P.1 Ablation of substance P–producing sensory neurons by capsaicin, the irritant agent in hot pepper, markedly inhibited the noxious . . .