tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Genotypes of α- and β-Thalassemia Carriers in Hong Kong — Implications for Population Screening
Authors: Yu-Lung Lau, Li-Chong Chan, Yuk-Yin A. Chan, Shau-Yin Ha, Chap-Yung Yeung, John S. Waye, David H.K. Chui
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The thalassemias are common in southern China. We determined the prevalence of heterozygous carriers of these genetic disorders in Hong Kong and assessed the feasibility of a community-based screening program.
Superior Vena Caval Obstruction due to Atrial Metastasis
Authors: N DAVID GREYSON, ROBERT J. HOWARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Radionuclide flow performed in conjunction with a Tc-99m MAA lung study demonstrated obstruction of the superior vena cava and a filing defect in the right atrium. Echocardiography confirmed an intraluminal defect of the right atrium. This mass was found to be a metastatic deposit from transitional carcinoma of the bladder excised earlier.
Book Review Clinical Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Edited by Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, D. Keith Edmonds, and Claire Templeman. 450 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2009. $299.95. 978-0-415-44888-8
Authors: Kerith Lucco, Philip D. Darney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Psychobiology: The Biological Bases of Behavior
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Physicians who consider themselves more or less as scientists probably think that they should be able to read the magazine<i>Scientific American</i>with ease and interest. Many of its articles, however, on subjects not closely related to medicine are often difficult reading for the physician. But in this collection of 45 papers published in that journal since 1949, all are fascinating to read and easy to understand. The subject matter is varied: studies of the social and sexual life of animals; memory and learning; the physiological bases of sensation, perception, and emotion; the effect of drugs on psychological processes. Most of the authors are well known specialists in their fields, but they have described their work clearly, usually in non-technical language. Some of the material would be familiar to many readers but probably almost everyone will find here something new which may help in understanding behavior, human as well as
Echocardiographic features of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Authors: M Paquet, H Gutgesell
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Seven patients, four months to ten years of age, with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) were studied by echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization, angiography, and surgery in each. The connection was to the left vertical vein in four patients, to the coronary sinus in one, to the inferior vena cava in one, and directly to the right atrium in one. All patients exhibited the echocardiographic criteria of right ventricular diastolic volume overload (RVDVO). In addition, an echo-free space was identified dorsal to the posterior wall of the left atrium. Indocyanine green dye studies done in one of the patients provided evidence that this echo-free space represents the common pulmonary venous chamber. The combination of echocardiographic evidence of RVDVO and demonstration of an echo-free space dorsal to the left atrium is strongly suggestive of TAPVC and should allow an early diagnosis in infants with this anomaly.
Safeguarding the Public Health: Newark, 1895-1918
Authors: Judith W. Leavitt
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Stuart Galishoff examines the effects of germ theory on the work of the Board of Health of Newark, NJ, in the early years of the 20th century. Street cleaning and garbage collection gave way, under the impetus of bacteriology, to the use of specific remedies for contagious diseases. Although slow to respond to pressing health needs of the immigrant population in the second half of the 19th century, Newark's Board of Health surged ahead rapidly in the 20th, adopting new techniques in its search for a healthier city. The bacteriology laboratory established in 1895 led the revival. Quick success with the use of diphtheria antitoxin established the laboratory's reputation and paved the way for improvements in the quality of the city's water and milk, in sewage disposal, and mosquito control. Infant mortality greatly diminished, malaria and tuberculosis rates decreased, and the board turned its attention to new concerns such as
COMMON INDIVIDUAL ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS IN FIVE OF EIGHT BALB/c I<scp>G</scp>A MYELOMA PROTEINS THAT BIND PHOSPHORYL CHOLINE
Authors: Michael Potter, Rose Lieberman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Eight IgA myeloma proteins derived from independently induced plasma-cytomas in genetically similar inbred BALB/c mice are functionally related by their binding of phosphoryl choline-containing antigens (Pneumococcus C polysaccharide or Lactobacillus antigen). Each protein resembles a single species of immunoglobulin in antibody. The proteins are characterized by highly sensitive myeloma-specific antisera prepared by immunizing mice of other inbred strains with the BALB/c myeloma proteins. Individual or myeloma-specific determinants located on Fab fragments were found on three of the proteins that were unique for that protein and did not react with any other IgA protein among over 70 tested. Remarkably, five of the proteins shared two common myeloma-specific determinants which were specific for this group of five proteins. These results suggest that the five functionally and genetically related proteins sharing the same myeloma-specific determinants might also be structurally similar.
New MRI Techniques Allow Noninvasive Peek Inside the Thinking Human Brain
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

NEW MAGNETIC RESONANCE imaging (MRI) techniques may allow researchers and clinicians to noninvasively make images of the thinking human brain. MRI already has been established as a high-resolution in vivo method for studying the anatomy of the human brain and other organs. However, recently developed high-speed MRI techniques that measure changes in blood volume, flow, and oxygenation are now being used to produce the first functional MRI maps of human brain activity. Until now, functional maps of the human brain have been made using the radionuclide imaging techniques, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon computer tomography (SPECT). Still, these techniques suffer from limited spatial and temporal resolution and they require patients to be injected with radioactive compounds, says John W. Belliveau, PhD, director of Cognitive neuroimaging at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Speaking recently at a conference in San Francisco, Calif, Belliveau—who with Kenneth K.
Anti-oestrogen Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Trial of Tamoxifen at Two Dose Levels
Authors: H. W. C. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) was given by mouth to patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast carcinoma. At a dosage of 10 mg twice daily 60% of patients showed arrest or reversal of tumour growth. At a dosage of 20 mg twice daily 77% showed arrest or reversal of tumour growth. Side effects were usually trivial and their incidence was the same at both dose levels. No patients showed virilization of fluid retention.
Arterial Oxygenation during Ventilation with the Ambu Self-Inflating Bag
Authors: Morris L. Heller, T. Richard Watson, Denis S. Imredy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A SIMPLE ventilator (the Ambu), first described by Ruben,1 has proved invaluable in resuscitation of the apneic patient. Since the bag is self-inflating, its use does not necessarily depend on a supply of oxygen (Fig. 1).However, there are numerous situations in which air ventilation is inadequate in achieving optimal blood oxygen levels. Because closed-chest as well as internal cardiac compression produces approximately 30 per cent of a normal cardiac output, high concentrations of oxygen are preferable to mixtures of air and oxygen.2 It is important, also, that the heart be well oxygenated for electrical defibrillation to be successful.With the . . .
Abstract B7: Genome-wide analysis of CpG methylation for the radiosensitivity
Authors: Eun-Hye Kim, Ae-Kyung Park, Ahn Jung-Hyuck, Woong-Yang Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epigenetic regulation is one of the most important mechanisms for the development and the progression of human cancers. To understand the epigenetic control of differential sensitivity to radiotherapy, we investigated the DNA CpG methylation profiles of normal lung epithelial cells and lung cancer cell lines using DNA microarray. Among 27K CpG probes in Illumina BeadChip, we found CpG sites of 1091 genes were differentially methylated in radiosensitive H460 and radioresistant H1299 cell lines against normal lung cells. Among the hypermethylated genes in H1299 cells, promoter CpG methylation and mRNA expression of SERPINB5 and S100A6 were validated by methylation-specific PCR and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. When we suppressed the expression of these two genes using siRNA in H460 cells, the survival fraction of H460 cells were increased upon ionizing radiation. Promoter CpG sites of CAT and BNC1 were hypomethylated in radioresistant H1299 cells and the introduction of siRNA against CAT or BNC1 in H1299 cells could reduce the resistance to ionizing radiation. Here we report the differentially methylated genes by genome-wide CpG methylation profiling in two lung cancer cell lines, which might prove the epigenetic regulation of radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B7.
Screening for Scoliosis-Reply
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —We appreciate the interest of Dr Winter and colleagues in the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations on screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. As outlined in our article,1recommendations to screen for scoliosis are based on a series of premises, including the assumptions that screening tests can accurately detect scoliosis, that cases detected through screening are likely to progress, that persons with scoliosis experience greater morbidity than persons without scoliosis, that available treatment modalities are effective, and that the benefits of screening outweigh the harms. Our review of the literature in 1993 found weak or conflicting evidence for each of these assumptions,2forcing us to conclude that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Winter et al call attention to two recently completed studies on the effectiveness of brace therapy. As of this writing, neither the methods nor the
Iron absorption in dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome is decreased and correlates with increased plasma hepcidin
Authors: Marc Ruivard, Fabrice Lainé, Tomas Ganz, Gordana Olbina, Mark Westerman, Elizabeta Nemeth, Mathieu Rambeau, André Mazur, Laurent Gerbaud, Valérie Tournilhac, Armand Abergel, Pierre Philippe, Yves Deugnier, Charles Coudray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Maternal oral contraceptive use and atopic diseases in the offspring
Authors: C. Frye, J. E. Mueller, K. Niedermeier, M. Wjst, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: This study examined the association of maternal oral contraceptive (OC) use – before and after birth – and atopic manifestations in the offspring. Methods: A total of 2754 East German children aged 5–14 years participated in a cross‐sectional survey in 1998–99. The standardized parental questionnaire in 1998–99 included data on atopic diseases, socio‐economic factors, parental atopy and maternal OC use. Specific immunoglobulin E against common inhalant allergens was measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Results: Maternal OC use before birth was associated with a higher risk of atopic diseases in the offspring compared with children of mothers who had never taken OC [asthma: odds ratio (OR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9–3.0; allergic rhinitis: OR 1.5; CI: 0.96–2.2; atopic eczema: OR 2.6; CI: 1.6–4.3; atopic sensitization: OR 1.5; CI: 0.97–2.2]. However, the effect estimates for maternal OC use after birth compared with the never users showed quite similar effects for these atopic conditions. No relations were observed between the prevalences of atopic diseases and maternal age at beginning of OC use, the duration of OC use, the type of contraceptive or maternal age at birth. Conclusion: This study raises doubts in a true biological association between OC use and atopic diseases.
THE DEGREE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION CHANGE FOLLOWING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PREDICTS RISK OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST
Authors: Derek Chew, Heikki Huikuri, Georg Schmidt, Katherine Kavanagh, Michael Dommasch, Poul Erik Bloch Thomsen, Daniel Sinnecker, Pekka Raatikainen, Derek Exner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
76 THE EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS ON NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN AN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE POPULATION
Authors: A. Verrijken, S. Francque, I. Mertens, M. Ruppert, G. Hubens, E. Van Marck, P. Michielsen, L. Van Gaal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin-vesicles for the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Saori Nagao, Kazuaki Taguchi, Hiromi Sakai, Ryota Tanaka, Hirohisa Horinouchi, Hiroshi Watanabe, Koichi Kobayashi, Masaki Otagiri, Toru Maruyama
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A cooperative microRNA-tumor suppressor gene network in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Konstantinos J Mavrakis, Joni Van Der Meulen, Andrew L Wolfe, Xiaoping Liu, Evelien Mets, Tom Taghon, Aly A Khan, Manu Setty, Pieter Rondou, Peter Vandenberghe, Eric Delabesse, Yves Benoit, Nicholas B Socci, Christina S Leslie, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Frank Speleman, Hans-Guido Wendel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Spontaneous Rupture of Haematocolpos
Authors: R. P. Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1958)

B rITnI MEDICAL JOUR~NAL on after death.There is some evidence that the skin lesions may have been caused by T.E.L in the petrol (Mini- stry of Supply, 1950).When leaded petrol evaporates about half of it evaporates before any of the lead comes off.Absorption is rapid through the lungs and unbroken skin.It is stated that T.E.L. has a specific toxic effect on the central nervous system.Death may occur within 10 minutes of exposure to a heavy concentration.A degree of con- sciousness and sensation is said to persist almost to the time of death.Fifteen deaths from this cause are recorded by Bini and Bollea (1947).It seems, however, difficult to determine whether these deaths were due to petrol vapour or T.E.L. Cassells and Dodds (1946) describe chronic poisoning from T.E.L. but mention no acute cases.Machle (1941) states that T.E.L is not a factor in acute poisoning.The possi- bility of vasevagal inhibition had to be considered, but there was no evidence of any painful stimulus.Nor was there any evidence of pressure on the carotid body or evidence to support such a questionable diagnosis as status lymphaticus or of death occurring in an epileptic fit.
Calcium supplements in people with osteoporosis
Authors: J. G. F. Cleland, K. Witte, S. Steel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Should not be given without concomitant treatment for osteoporosis

In the linked systematic review (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3691), Bolland and colleagues assessed whether calcium supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events in people with, or at risk of, osteoporosis.1 They found that calcium supplements increased the risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.67), but they found no significant difference in the risk of stroke, death, or the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.

The effort spent on detecting and treating osteoporosis is only worthwhile if it translates into a health benefit for patients. The most common argument for detecting and treating osteoporosis is a reduction in bone fractures that are either subtle and progressive (for example, those that cause loss of vertebral height) or overt (for example, fractures of the hip and wrist). Bone mineral density, which is often used as a measure of treatment success, is a surrogate measure for real clinical benefit.

Surrogate measures may be useful in pilot studies but become problematic when they become the goal of treatment. 2 3 Bone fractures in older people are an important cause of disability, and more than 20% of patients will die within one year of a low trauma hip …
Preservation of NO production by statins in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: J Trochu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Because statins promote endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production in vessels by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we evaluated the clinical benefit and efficiency of simvastatin in preventing the decrease in NO control of coronary blood flow (CBF), NO regulation of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and decreased nitrite production in coronary microvessels, associated with pacing-induced heart failure (HF). Methods: Dogs (n = 17) were instrumented for measurement of coronary blood flow and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). HF was induced by pacing. Ten dogs were given simvastatin 20 mg/kg/day orally (HF+SIMVA) from the 10th day of pacing. Results: HF+SIMVA had a lower LVEDP at 4 weeks of pacing (18±1 vs. 25±1 mm Hg, p<0.05), and the NO-dependent coronary vasodilation to veratrine was preserved compared to HF (p<0.05). In coronary microvessels, SIMVA potentiated nitrite production compared to HF (p<0.05) and enhanced the NO-dependent decrease in MVO2 in cardiac tissue in response to 10−4 mol/l bradykinin, which was markedly blunted in HF (p<0.05). Using Western blotting, there was a reduction in eNOS protein during HF that was preserved at 4–5 weeks of pacing during treatment with SIMVA. Conclusions: Simvastatin maintained NO production by coronary vessels and NO bioactivity during pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Targeting the endothelium, which participates in the control of myocardial metabolism by NO, may be an important mechanism of action of statins in the treatment of heart failure.
THE SPIROCHÆTA PALLIDA (TREPONEMA PALLIDUM) IN SYPHILIS.
Authors: W. C. ALVAREZ
Journal: JAMA (1906)

An immense amount of work has been done in the last eleven months on the etiology of syphilis, work that very probably will mark an epoch in our knowledge of that scourge of the human race. It seems worth while to review briefly what has already been accomplished. <h3>HISTORICAL REVIEW.</h3> Lassar calls attention to the fact that more than twenty-five causes of syphilis have been described during the last thirty years. As early as 1837, Donné described a parasite found in syphilitic ulcers and named it<i>Vibrio lineola.</i>In 1902, Bordet and Gengou found spirochetes in chancres and throat lesions, but discontinued their researches when they did not find the organisms constantly. Early in 1905 Siegel observed actively motile flagellate bodies in enormous numbers in the blood of several syphilitics and named them<i>Cytorrhycetes luis.</i>Schaudinn had earned a reputation in the study of protozoa, malarial parasites, trypanosomes, etc., and
A Genomic-Profile Derived Summary Measure of Chromosomal Breakpoints Predicts Response to Treatment with the DNA-Damaging Agent Cisplatin.
Authors: N. Juul, Y. Wang, J. Kim, A. Eklund, Q. Li, V. Carlton, M. Gerlinger, C. Swanton, J. Garber, D. Silver, M. Faham, A. Richardson, Z. Szallasi, Z. Szallasi, Z. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cisplatin-based chemotherapy promotes DNA inter- and intra-strand cross-links and is effective treatment in multiple cancer types, yet it is rarely used for first-line therapy of breast cancer. Cisplatin is an effective cytotoxic in BRCA1 mutant cancer cell lines and in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA1 mutations, prompting speculation that defective DNA double-strand break repair is associated with cisplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, tumors with BRCA1 mutation are presumed to be defective in various aspects of DNA repair and also display increased levels of chromosomal instability. Thus, we hypothesized that the total number of chromosomal breakpoints in a specific tumor may reflect defective DNA repair and/or chromosomal instability, and may therefore be used as a predictor of cisplatin sensitivity. Supporting this relationship, we identified a correlation (r = 0.8, P = 0.08) between the total number of chromosomal breakpoints, estimated by the number of genomic regions showing allelic imbalance, and cisplatin sensitivity in five triple negative breast cancer cell lines. To validate this relationship in a clinical setting we compared the total number of chromosomal breakpoints to therapy response in a cisplatin treated breast cancer cohort. A total of 28 women with stage II or III ER-/PR-/HER2- breast cancer were treated with cisplatin in the neo-adjuvant setting followed by surgery and standard adjuvant chemotherapy. A core biopsy was obtained before treatment commenced, tumor cells were enriched by needle microdissection, and DNA was extracted for genotyping. As only limited amounts of DNA were available, we used a Molecular Inversion Probe assay (in collaboration with Affymetrix), which allowed us to genotype 42,000 SNPs with only 40 ng of starting DNA. We then estimated the total number of putative genomic breakpoints in 21 samples containing at least 75% tumor cells. We compared this summary genomic measure to the response rate as quantitated by the Miller-Payne score determined on the pathological specimen obtained at surgery. This genomic measure showed a remarkably accurate separation of patients by degree of response, correctly classifying 20 out of 21 patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001).These results suggest that the total number of DNA breakpoints may be an accurate biomarker of breast cancers which may be sensitive to cisplatin treatment. The molecular explanations for these findings await further work. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 111.
Evaluation of Spontaneous Reports of Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Authors: W. H. W. Inman, D. A. P. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An adverse drug-reaction monitoring system based on spontaneous reporting to a central register of adverse reactions has been in operation for eight years. As a test of the validity of the reports and of the probability of causal relationship between drug and reaction a random sample of 82 cases were followed up in detail. The sample included 17 deaths, 26 serious reactions, and 39 reactions of moderate or only minor severity. Altogether 78% of the reactions were considered to be “probably” drug related and 13% “possibly” drug related. It is concluded that the reports are of value in the detection and evaluation of drug safety.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: H Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1977)

standing of the reporting systems involved.On the one hand there are the cases of "paralytic poliomyelitis" notified by the clinicians to the Department of Health and Social Security.'There may or may not be virus isolates from these patients.Secondly, there are the weekly reports of the virus isolates from diagnostic laboratories.2The clinical information submitted with these Communicable Disease Reports is necessarily preliminary and the subsequent course of the illness frequently causes revision of the diagnosis.This is verified by the Epidemio- logical Research Laboratory when these reports are correlated with the official notifica- tions for the annual poliomyelitis surveillance report.The correct figure obtained in this way