tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RATE OF PULMONARY AND TISSUE GASEOUS NITROGEN ELIMINATION AS A MEASURE OF PULMONARY EFFICIENCY
Authors: Walter M. Boothby
Journal: JAMA (1953)

As pointed out by Fowler 1 in his excellent review on tests of pulmonary functions, one of the principal difficulties encountered by respiratory physiologists in the performance of such studies has been the lack of a satisfactory technique for the routine measurement of the residual or of the functional residual air. As a result, too little attention has been paid to the role these important components of the lung volume may play in pulmonary function.  In 1948 Boothby, Lundin, and Helmholz 2 reported a new test for pulmonary and circulatory efficiency based on the use of the nitrogen meter for measuring the rate and amount of gaseous nitrogen eliminated into a closed circuit respiration apparatus by the patient while he is breathing oxygen. The respiratory apparatus used is an elaboration of a closed circuit basal metabolism apparatus and consists of a water-sealed gasometer with a capacity of 40 liters and
Hemophiliac Arthropathy Appearance on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: JUDITH M. BENDER, MUSTAFA UNALA, HELENA R BALON, CONRAD E. NAGLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

It is well known that repeated episodes of hemarthrosis can lead to synovial hypertrophy and neovascularization. The inflamed synovium develops into a fibrous pannus, which becomes locally invasive causing loss of cartilage and subchondral cyst formation. When this occurs, hemophiliac arthropathy can be diagnosed on plain radiographs. Bone scintigraphy will show increased periarticular uptake not only in the late stages but also during the initial stage of synovial hypertrophy. In hemophiliacs who are now HIV positive, a superimposed septic arthritis must also be considered. The scintigraphic and radiographic findings of hemophiliac arthropathy are presented.
Experimental Study of Metastases
Authors: Alfred S. Ketcham
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The current management of a cancer patient may or may not be curative: this depends on the presence and extent of metastases from the primary malignancy at the time of its surgical removal. Many localized malignancies can be managed satisfactorily by well-standardized methods of treatment. However, following resection of malignant lesions which appear to be localized and completely resectable at surgery, nondetectable metastases often become apparent at a later date. Tumor metastasis results from cancer cells leaving the primary tumor and migrating via either blood vessels, lymphatic channels, or intracellular spaces into adjacent tissues. To become a metastatic tumor implant, the cells must locate in another tissue and grow. Current indications are that this process occurs similarily in man and in animals used in experimental study. The detection of distant metastatic tumors usually precludes any attempt to surgically cure the patient of his disease. Under these circumstances, a patient's therapy
Residency Training at a Crossroads
Authors: Rajasree Pai Ramachandra Pai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters7 June 2011Residency Training at a CrossroadsRajasree Pai Ramachandra Pai, MDRajasree Pai Ramachandra Pai, MDFrom University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06053.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As Volpp and colleagues' article (1) points out, physician comfort versus patient care is always a delicate balance. Giving too much weight to either side can prove to be fatal for the other. Comparing duty-hours standards of the past with those of the present is not likely to give accurate results, because medicine is dynamic, with more litigation and more documentation happening over the years. Also, distribution of duty hours among the residents will be unequal during the transition period, which will be a big concern to the administrative faculty.There also are concerns about whether the ...Reference1. Volpp KG, Friedman W, Romano PS, Rosen A, Silber JH. Residency training at a crossroads: duty-hour standards 2010. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:826-8. [PMID: 20956679] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06053.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoResidency Training at a Crossroads: Duty-Hour Standards 2010 Kevin G. Volpp , William Friedman , Patrick S. Romano , Amy Rosen , and Jeffrey H. Silber Residency Training at a Crossroads Badri Giri Metrics 7 June 2011Volume 154, Issue 11Page: 779KeywordsConflicts of interestPatientsResidency ePublished: 7 June 2011 Issue Published: 7 June 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FREQUENCY AND NATURAL COURSE OF SILENT PLAQUE RUPTURE
Authors: Teruyoshi Kume, Hiroyuki Okura, Kenzo Fukuhara, Terumasa Koyama, Ryotaro Yamada, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 are essential in maintaining murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function
Authors: Lars Bode, Camilla Salvestrini, Pyong Woo Park, Jin-Ping Li, Jeffrey D. Esko, Yu Yamaguchi, Simon Murch, Hudson H. Freeze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Patients with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) fail to maintain intestinal epithelial barrier function and develop an excessive and potentially fatal efflux of plasma proteins. PLE occurs in ostensibly unrelated diseases, but emerging commonalities in clinical observations recently led us to identify key players in PLE pathogenesis. These include elevated IFN-γ, TNF-α, venous hypertension, and the specific loss of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells during PLE episodes. Here we show that heparan sulfate and syndecan-1, the predominant intestinal epithelial heparan sulfate proteoglycan, are essential in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function. Heparan sulfate– or syndecan-1–deficient mice and mice with intestinal-specific loss of heparan sulfate had increased basal protein leakage and were far more susceptible to protein loss induced by combinations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and increased venous pressure. Similarly, knockdown of syndecan-1 in human epithelial cells resulted in increased basal and cytokine-induced protein leakage. Clinical application of heparin has been known to alleviate PLE in some patients but its unknown mechanism and severe side effects due to its anticoagulant activity limit its usefulness. We demonstrate here that non-anticoagulant 2,3-de-O-sulfated heparin could prevent intestinal protein leakage in syndecan-deficient mice, suggesting that this may be a safe and effective therapy for PLE patients.
The Effects of Blood Glucose Testing Versus Urine Sugar Testing on the Metabolic Control of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Children
Authors: Robert M Carney, Kay Schechter, Mari Homa, Lucy Levandoski, Neil White, Julio Santiago
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c was measured in 43 insulin-dependent diabetic children before and after training in blood glucose testing. These measurements were compared with those obtained from a group of matched controls who tested urine sugars for the same period. Mean HbA1c measurements for the blood glucose testing group were significantly improved at 6 mo after training in blood glucose testing, and were significantly lower than those measured in the urine sugar testing group. However, HbA1c levels in the blood glucose testing group were well above levels for nondiabetic persons, and were generally higher than those reported for adult insulin-dependent diabetic persons following training in blood glucose testing. Explanations for this difference were considered. It was noted that 81% of the trained children accepted and continued to use blood glucose testing for at least 9 mo after training.
The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Factor Xl Deficiency
Authors: URI SELIGSOHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Factor Xl DeficiencyURI SELIGSOHN, M.D.URI SELIGSOHN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-805_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Suchman and Griner (1) recommend that the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) not be determined before surgery because an adequate clinical assessment of a possible bleeding tendency is sufficient. Later in their article they do recommend using this test in patients who present with a bleeding tendency, such as those who have previously bled excessively during surgery, a situation which, in my experience, is not uncommonly the first manifestation of a mild or moderate bleeding disorder. Although I am sure the authors do not want patients with a mild or moderate hereditary bleeding tendency to be first...References1. SUCHMANGRINER AP. Diagnostic uses of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:821-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SELIGSOHN U. High gene frequency of factor XI (PTA) deficiency in Ashkenazi Jews. Blood. 1978;51:1223-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SELIGSOHNMODAN UM. Definition of the population at risk of bleeding due to factor XI deficiency in Askenazi Jews and the value of activated partial thromboplastin time in its detection. Isr J Med Sci. 1981;17:413-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SIDISELIGSOHNJONASMANY AUPM. Factor XI deficiency: detection and management during urological surgery. J Urol. 1978;119:528-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 805-805KeywordsHemorrhagePartial thromboplastin timePatientsSurgery Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine given intravenously on demand to relieve postoperative pain.
Authors: K Chakravarty, W Tucker, M Rosen, M D Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a double-blind study of on-demand intravenous analgesia buprenorphine was found to be about 600 times as potent as pethidine. The incidence of side effects was similar with both drugs. The quality of analgesia, subjectively assessed, was good with both drugs using this method of administration. Provided that its low potential for abuse is substantiated, buprenorphine appears to be a powerful analgesic that may successfully be given intravenously on demand.
HBsAg level and clinical course in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleoside analogue: five years of follow-up data
Authors: Jeong Han Kim, Yun Jung Choi, Hee Won Moon, Soon Young Ko, Won Hyeok Choe, So Young Kwon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Background/Aims Quantification of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is increasingly used to determine the treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, there are limited data about the clinical implications of Quantification of HBsAg long-term nucleoside analogue treatment for CHB. We investigated the clinical correlation between HBsAg level and clinical course in patients with CHB who are treated long-term with nucleoside analogues. Methods Patients with CHB who started lamivudine or entecavir monotherapy before June 2007 were enrolled. HBsAg was quantified at baseline, at 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of treatment. We compared data between the groups according to the presence or absence of a virological response (VR) and resistance. Results Forty-eight patients were analyzed. There was no definite reduction in HBsAg level during the early period of treatment; differences in HBsAg levels between baseline and each time point were significant only at 5 years (P=0.028). In a subgroup analysis, this difference was significant only in non-resistant patients at 5 years (P=0.041). Conclusions There was no definite decrease in the HBsAg level during the early period of nucleoside analogue treatment, with long-term treatment being required to observe a significant reduction. Keywords: HBsAg; Chronic hepatitis B; Lamivudine; Entecavir; Resistance
Severe hypophosphataemic osteomalacia with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: J S Woodhead, R R Ghose, S K Gupta
Journal: BMJ (1980)

hormone concentrations fall below the reference range for our laboratory (T4: 55-144 nmol/l (4-3-11 2 [ig/100 ml), T3: 0-9-2-8 nmol/l (0-6-1-8 ng/ml)), and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentra- tions did not rise.Thus it cannot be concluded from this study of 10-day periods of drug treatment that these drugs cause hypothyroidism; nevertheless, this remains a possibility when the drugs are given for longer periods.The mechanism by which these drugs lower thyroid hormone concentrations is unknown but they may, like the sulphonylureas, reduce conversion of iodine to the organic form, possibly by inhibiting peroxidase.5Although this fall in peripheral thyroid hormone values in these normal subjects on combined trimethoprim-sulphonamide treatment was small we think that it is a cause for concern.In the light of these findings we recommend that tests of thyroid function should be interpreted with caution in patients on such treatment, and subjects who have been prescribed these agents for long-term use should have their thyroid function regularly assessed.
The successful treatment of tropical fish tank granuloma (Mycobacterium marinum) with co-trimoxazole
Authors: MARTIN M. BLACK, SUSANNAH J. EYKYN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Three cases of tropical fish tank granuloma caused by Mycobacterium marinum (balnei) are described. Abundant acid fact bacilli were demonstrated in homogenates prepared from the fish thus providing early confirmation of the suspected clinical diagnosis: acid fast bacilli could not be demonstrated in biopsy material from the patients' lesions through M. marinum grew on culture. The infection responded to oral co-trimoxazole.
AKAP-Mediated Targeting of Protein Kinase A Regulates Contractility in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Mary A. Fink, Daniel R. Zakhary, Julie A. Mackey, Russell W. Desnoyer, Carolyn Apperson-Hansen, Derek S. Damron, Meredith Bond
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Compartmentalization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) targets PKA to distinct subcellular locations in many cell types. However, the question of whether AKAP-mediated PKA anchoring in the heart regulates cardiac contractile function has not been addressed. We disrupted AKAP-mediated PKA anchoring in cardiac myocytes by introducing, via adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, Ht31, a peptide that binds the PKA regulatory subunit type II (RII) with high affinity. This peptide competes with endogenous AKAPs for RII binding. Ht31P (a proline-substituted derivative), which does not bind RII, was used as a negative control. We then investigated the effects of Ht31 expression on RII distribution, Ca 2+ cycling, cell shortening, and PKA-dependent substrate phosphorylation. By confocal microscopy, we showed redistribution of RII from the perinuclear region and from periodic transverse striations in Ht31P-expressing cells to a diffuse cytosolic localization in Ht31-expressing cells. In the presence of 10 nmol/L isoproterenol, Ht31-expressing myocytes displayed an increased rate and amplitude of cell shortening and relaxation compared with control cells (uninfected and Ht31P-expressing myocytes); with isoproterenol stimulation we observed decreased time to 90% decline in Ca 2+ but no significant difference between Ht31-expressing and control cells in the rate of Ca 2+ cycling or amplitude of the Ca 2+ transient. The increase in PKA-dependent phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin binding protein C on isoproterenol stimulation was significantly reduced in Ht31-expressing cells compared with controls. Our results demonstrate that, in response to β-adrenergic stimulation, cardiomyocyte function and substrate phosphorylation by PKA is regulated by targeting of PKA by AKAPs.
A New Approach to Gonorrhea Control
Authors: John J. Potterat
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Reduction of gonorrhea incidence in the United States continues to resist public health intervention. Control strategies currently in use are associated with containment of the disease; about 1 million cases have been reported annually since 1975. Control efforts emphasize treatment of symptomatic men and the detection of asymptomatic women. Asymptomatic gonorrhea in men is well known clinically, but its epidemiologic significance has not been detailed. More than 60% of the infected partners of certain selected women are asymptomatic. By focusing control resources on these women and removing their asymptomatic partners from the disease reservoir, a substantial reduction in gonorrhea incidence can be expected.
Age and Prognosis in Acute Leukemia
Authors: JEROME W. YATES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 August 1975Age and Prognosis in Acute LeukemiaJEROME W. YATES, M.D.JEROME W. YATES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-282 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Schimpff and colleagues (1) have made an excellent contribution to the study of infection prophylaxis in patients with compromised host defenses. Their conclusions are somewhat suspect because of their failure to take into account group differences in age. Age is known to be one of the most significant prognostic factors in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In reviewing the results presented in the paper, one cannot agree with the statement made by the authors that the "three experimental groups were similar with regard to . . . age."LAF + A* W + A† W‡...Reference1. SCHIMPFFGREENEYOUNG SWV: Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 82:351-358, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEROME W. YATES, M.D.Affiliations: Medical Oncology Medical Center Hospital The University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05401 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1975Volume 83, Issue 2Page: 282-282KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaProphylaxis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Liver angiosarcoma and hemangiopericytoma after occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer.
Authors: I Hozo, D Miric, L Bojic, L Giunio, I Lusic, V Culic, M Simunic
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Various malignant tumors of the liver, especially liver angiosarcoma, have been described after occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. We present the case records and pathologic findings of two plastic industry workers who had been exposed to high concentrations of vinyl chloride. These workers developed hepatic neoplasms, angiosarcoma, or hemangiopericytoma. We discuss the histogenesis of these tumors; the common vascular origin and the mutual transformation of these two tumors suggest that the hemangiopericytoma may also have developed during occupational exposure to high concentrations of vinyl chloride monomer.
The Effect of Oral Therapy with Cobaltous Chloride on the Blood of Patients Suffering with Chronic Suppurative Infection
Authors: Joseph C. Robinson, G. Watson James, Robert M. Kark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DURING a study of prolonged suppurative infection in 91 young men, we observed reticulocytosis, which was followed by increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin values, in the blood of patients being given cobaltous chloride by mouth.1 These findings were not completely unexpected since it has long been known that cobalt is a hematopoietic agent effective in deficient2 and healthy animals.3 Therapy with cobalt apparently stimulates red-cell production in children,4 as well as in adults,5 and also protects animals from developing anemia when sterile suppuration is induced experimentally.6 As far as we are aware cobalt has not been employed in this country . . .
HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS CAUSED BY BRUCELLA ABORTUS, STRAIN 19
Authors: Wesley W. Spink
Journal: JAMA (1953)

In 1923, Buck<sup>1</sup>isolated a virulent culture of Brucella abortus from the milk of a cow. This culture, after standing at room temperature for a year, remained smooth, and although its virulence was considerably reduced, its antigenic properties were retained. After hundreds of subcultures and passages through animals, the original virulence of this strain has not been regained. Because of these stable characteristics, the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture has successfully encouraged the use of strain 19 for immunization of cattle against brucellosis. Persistent infections in animals have not been established in this manner.<sup>2</sup> The question has often arisen as to whether humans are ever infected by strain 19. No evidence has ever been presented to show that persons have contracted brucellosis from cattle as a result of vaccination with this strain. Gilman,<sup>3</sup>however, has put forth a cautionary note for
The Human Adrenal Cortex
Authors: Ludwig Kornel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is an up-to-date account of the biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical endocrinology of the adrenal cortex by renowned authorities. During the past three decades, so much information has accumulated in this field that it was a really difficult task to contain a critical review in one not-too-large volume. The authors did an excellent job and the result is a well-presented, readable, well-organized text, valuable for teachers and researchers, as well as practitioners and students seeking information beyond that offered by a standard textbook. The first 11 chapters deal with the biochemistry and physiology of adrenocortical hormones. Siiteri discusses their biosynthetic pathways and methods for the measurement of steroid secretion rates. Liddle reviews the factors controlling adrenocortical secretion. Interaction of corticosteroids with plasma proteins is discussed by Sandberg and Slaunwhite, while Peterson surveys the metabolism of adrenocortical hormones. Other chapters, by Cahill, Rudman and DiGirolamo, Feigelson and associates, and Gaunt,
On Writing: Why Projects Fail
Authors: J. Baillie
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

This is the second is a series of articles on writing for presentation and publication. In this article we look at why projects fail to make into abstract or manuscript form. More than 90 % of all medical writing projects never make it into print. To those of us who mentor trainees’ writing, the causes of “manuscript death” are all too predictable: