tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study.
Authors: A de Gramont, J F Bosset, C Milan, P Rougier, O Bouché, P L Etienne, F Morvan, C Louvet, T Guillot, E François, L Bedenne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE This multicenter study compared the therapeutic ratio of a monthly schedule of low-dose leucovorin (LV) and fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus with a bimonthly schedule of high-dose LV and 5-FU bolus plus continuous infusion in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of the 448 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 433 were assessable. Treatment A was a monthly regimen of intravenous (IV) LV 20 mg/m2 plus bolus 5-FU 425 mg/m2 for 5 days every 4 weeks. Treatment B was a bimonthly regimen of IV LV 200 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion followed by bolus 5-FU 400 mg/m2 and 22-hour infusion 5-FU 600 mg/m2 for 2 consecutive days every 2 weeks. Therapy was continued until disease progression. Second-line chemotherapy, which included 5-FU continuous infusion, was allowed in both arms. RESULTS The response rates in 348 patients with measurable lesions were 14.4% (monthly regimen) and 32.6% (bimonthly regimen) (P = .0004). The median progression-free survival times were 22 weeks (monthly regimen) and 27.6 weeks (bimonthly regimen) (P = .0012). The median survival times were 56.8 weeks (monthly regimen) and 62 weeks (bimonthly regimen) (P = .067). Grade 3-4 toxicities occurred in 23.9% of patients in the monthly arm compared with 11.1% of those in the bimonthly arm (P = .0004). Patients in arm A more frequently experienced severe granulocytopenia (7.3% v 1.9%), diarrhea (7.3% v 2.9%), and mucositis (7.3% v 1.9%) than patients in arm B. CONCLUSION The bimonthly regimen was more effective and less toxic than the monthly regimen and definitely increased the therapeutic ratio. However, there was no evidence of increased survival.
Effect of virtual bronchoscopic navigation in combination with ultrathin bronchoscopy for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Naofumi Shinagawa, Fumihiro Asano, Takashi Ishida, Joe Shindoh, Masaki Anzai, Akifumi Tsuzuku, Satoshi Oizumi, Satoshi Morita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: We have previously shown the usefulness of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary nodules using endobronchial ultrasound. Ultrathin bronchoscope can be inserted to more peripheral bronchi, and VBN can guide bronchoscope insertion. However, the usefulness of the combination of VBN and ultrathin bronchoscopy has not yet been confirmed.  Objectives: We performed prospective multicenter study to evaluate the value of VBN-assisted ultrathin bronchoscopy for diagnosing small peripheral pulmonary lesions.  Methods: We randomly assigned 350 patients with small peripheral pulmonary lesions   Results: The diagnostic yield was higher in the VBN-assisted group (67.1%) than in the non-VBN-assisted group (59.9%), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.173). The subgroup analysis showed that the diagnostic yield was significantly higher in the VBN-assisted group than in the non-VBN-assisted group for right upper lobe lesions (81.3% vs. 53.2%, p = 0.004), lesions invisible on P-A X-ray films (63.2% vs. 40.5%, p = 0.043), and lesions in the peripheral third of the lung field (64.7% vs. 52.1%, p = 0.047).  Conclusions: Combination of VBN and ultrathin bronchoscopy is useful for diagnosing lesions in the right upper lobe, lesions invisible on P-A X-ray films, and lesions in the peripheral third of the lung field.
Venous Thromboembolism and Risk of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Birgitte F. Sode, Morten Dahl, Sune F. Nielsen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is characterized by pulmonary fibrosis and high mortality.We examined the association between ever-diagnosed venous thromboembolism and risk of incident idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Venous thromboembolism was taken as a proxy for a procoagulant state in an individual.We conducted a study of the entire Danish population from 1980 through 2007, comprising 7.4 million individuals. Incident idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, ever-diagnosed venous thromboembolism, and use of prescription anticoagulants were drawn from national Danish registries.Age-standardized incidence rates per 10,000 person-years for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia were higher among those ever diagnosed with venous thromboembolism (1.8; n = 158,676), pulmonary embolism (2.8; n = 70,586), and deep venous thrombosis only (1.2; n = 88,090), than among control subjects (0.8; n = 7,260,278). Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-1.9) in those ever diagnosed with venous thromboembolism, 2.4 (95% CI, 2.3-2.6) in those ever diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, and 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2-1.4) in those ever diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis only, compared with control subjects. Corresponding hazard ratios in those ever diagnosed with venous thromboembolism stratified in those ever and never treated with anticoagulants were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and 2.8 (95% CI, 2.4-3.1) (venous thromboembolism x anticoagulation use interaction on idiopathic interstitial pneumonia outcome: P = 1.5 x 10(-10)).In the general population, ever-diagnosed venous thromboembolism was associated with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, particularly among those never treated with anticoagulants.
Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2015
Authors: Douglas E. Wood, Ella Kazerooni, Scott L. Baum, Mark T. Dransfield, George A. Eapen, David S. Ettinger, Lifang Hou, David M. Jackman, Donald Klippenstein, Rohit Kumar, Rudy P. Lackner, Lorriana E. Leard, Ann N.C. Leung, Samir S. Makani, Pierre P. Massion, Bryan F. Meyers, Gregory A. Otterson, Kimberly Peairs, Sudhakar Pipavath, Christie Pratt-Pozo, Chakravarthy Reddy, Mary E. Reid, Arnold J. Rotter, Peter B. Sachs, Matthew B. Schabath, Lecia V. Sequist, Betty C. Tong, William D. Travis, Stephen C. Yang, Kristina M. Gregory, Miranda Hughes
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Lung Cancer Screening provide recommendations for selecting individuals for lung cancer screening, and for evaluation and follow-up of nodules found during screening, and are intended to assist with clinical and shared decision-making. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the major updates to the 2015 NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening, which include a revision to the recommendation from category 2B to 2A for one of the high-risk groups eligible for lung cancer screening. For low-dose CT of the lung, the recommended slice width was revised in the table on "Low-Dose Computed Tomography Acquisition, Storage, Interpretation, and Nodule Reporting."
Early Response of Mouse Joint Tissue to Noninvasive Knee Injury Suggests Treatment Targets
Authors: P. Wu, N. Holguin, M. J. Silva, M. Fu, W. Liao, L. J. Sandell
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Joint trauma can lead to a spectrum of acute lesions, including cartilage degradation, ligament or meniscus tears, and synovitis, all potentially associated with osteoarthritis (OA). This study was undertaken to generate and validate a murine model of knee joint trauma following noninvasive controlled injurious compression in vivo. Methods The right knees of 8‐week‐old mice were placed in a hyperflexed position and subjected to compressive joint loading at 1 of 3 peak forces (3N, 6N, or 9N) for 60 cycles in a single loading period and harvested on days 5, 9, and 14 after loading (n = 3–5 for each time point and for each loading). The left knees were not loaded and were used as the contralateral control. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analyses were performed to evaluate acute pathologic features in chondrocyte viability, cartilage matrix metabolism, synovial reaction, and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels. Results Acute joint pathology was associated with increased injurious loads. All loading regimens induced chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage matrix degradation, disruption of cartilage collagen fibril arrangement, and increased levels of serum COMP. We also observed that 6N loading induced mild synovitis by day 5, whereas at 9N, with tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament, severe posttraumatic synovitis and ectopic cartilage formation were observed. Conclusion We have established a murine model of knee joint trauma with different degrees of overloading in vivo. Our results suggest that immediate therapies particularly targeted to apoptosis and synovial cell proliferation could affect the acute posttraumatic reaction to potentially limit chronic consequences and OA.
Timing and magnitude of decline in alpha-fetoprotein levels in treated children with unresectable or metastatic hepatoblastoma are predictors of outcome: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.
Authors: J M Van Tornout, J D Buckley, J J Quinn, J H Feusner, M D Krailo, D R King, G D Hammond, J A Ortega
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE We analyzed data on 31 children with primary unresectable or metastatic hepatoblastoma (HB) to investigate possible prognostic correlations between the serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), its changes during treatment, and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated according to the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) protocol 823F, which included an initial surgery before eight courses of chemotherapy that consisted of cisplatin immediately followed by a continuous infusion of doxorubicin. Four courses were given before and four after the second surgery. AFP levels were measured before treatment, before and after second surgery, and at the end of treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four of 31 patients showed a decline of &gt; or = 1 log in AFP levels before second surgery (early responders). By the end of treatment, there were 16 patients, all early responders, without clinical or radiographic evidence of tumor and with normal AFP levels. Fifteen of those 16 had a decline of &gt; or = 2 logs in AFP before second surgery (large early response). Of the 15 patients who failed to respond to treatment, 10 died, among whom only one patient had a large early response. A large early response was the strongest independent predictor of outcome in a univariate and multivariate Cox regression model, and patients with such a response had the best survival (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSION For children with unresectable or metastatic HB, early changes in AFP levels are a reliable predictor of outcome and can be used for identification of poor responders to treatment, ie, patients whose AFP level fails to decrease 2 logs before second surgery should be considered for alternative treatment.
Electron Microscopic and Bioassay Studies on a Murine Leukemia Virus (Rauscher). I. Effects of Physicochemical Treatments on the Morphology and Biological Activity of the Virus
Authors: Robert F. Zeigel, Frank J. Rauscher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

The availability of a purified and highly potent virus preparation, the bioassay of which is accurate and relatively rapid, made feasible a study of the effects of physicochemical treatments on the morphology and infectivity of this murine leukemia virus. Among the treatments used were ether, ethanol, formalin, trypsin, Triton x-100, 10 freeze-thaw cycles, temperatures of −70°, 4°, 37°, and 56° C, centrifugal force, pellet resuspension, lyophilization, and osmotic shock. Each preparation was examined electron microscopically after negative staining with phosphotungstate and bioassayed for infectivity. Preparations with a large number of intact particles had higher infectivity than those in which the virus appeared to have been damaged. The type and severity of the different morphological alterations, particularly the loss of the “tail-like” extensions, correlated with decreasing infectivity. The conclusion was that this virus is morphologically labile. Of special interest was the finding that treatment with distilled water resulted in disrupted particles with an apparent release of particulate structures whose size, shape, and periodicity suggested a viral nucleoid origin. The possible identity and significance of these and other structures are discussed.
The Incidence of Pleural Effusion on Dasatinib Treatment Is Associated with CD56 Positive Cell Values One Month after Commencing Dasatinib and Achievement of an Early Molecular Response in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Results of a D-First Study
Authors: Noriyoshi Iriyama, Shin Fujisawa, Maki Hagihara, Chikashi Yoshida, Hisashi Wakita, Shigeru Chiba, Shinichiro Okamoto, Kawakami Kimihiro, Naoki Takezako, Takashi Kumagai, Koiti Inokuchi, Kazuma Ohyashiki, Jun Taguchi, Shingo Yano, Tadahiko Igarashi, Yasuji Kouzai, Satoshi Morita, Junichi Sakamoto, Hisashi Sakamaki
Journal: Blood (2014)
LSC 2014 abstract - M1/ M2 subpopulations of macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis- influence of smoking status
Authors: Iwona Osinska, Dominika Wolosz, Tomasz Urbankowski, Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Sarcoidosis (SA) is a multiorgan granulomatous disease which most often affects lungs and is more prevalent among non-smokers. Previously we presented significantly increased number of macrophages, low sFas concentration and alteration of Th 17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of SA smoking patients.   The aim  of present study was detection of M1 and M2 population of macrophages in the BALF of SA patients in relation to smoking status.  38 patients (18 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) with confirmed SA were investigated. BAL macrophage subtyping was performed by imunnocytochmistry with antibodies anti CD40 and CD163 (for M1 and M2 respectively).  We found three populations of macrophages stained with CD40 as well as CD163: small cells with strong (+++), large cells with week (+) and cells with negative reaction (-). The median proportion of these macrophage population was as follow: forCD40: 56, 38, 5% , for CD163: 56,34, 9% and did not differ significant between smokers and nonsmokers. Only proportion of CD163 negative cells was significantly lower in smokers group when compared to non- smokers (2.9 vs. 9.5, p  No evidence for macrophage polarization in relation of smoking status of SA patients was found. However, our study revealed two populations of CD40 and CD163 positive cells with high proportion of small cells and a strong double- staining of M1 and M2 markers. This may indicate an activity of macrophages in granuloma formation and provides direction for future research.
Iodoacetate-Induced Inhibition and Enhancement of Spontaneous Leukemia in AKR Mice2
Authors: Melvin S. Rheins, Joyce A. Filppi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Either inhibition or enhancement of the spontaneous lymphoma exhibited by AKR mice was observed after treatment with different dosages of the sulfhydryl inhibitor, sodium iodoacetate. Treatment of the mice at 3 or 6 months of age with five ip injections of 0.10 mg of iodoacetate at 5-day intervals significnatly extended the survival of the animals. A single administration of this dosage elevated the responses of splenic lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), and resulted in higher PHA and Con A response ratios than were noted for age-matched controls. Conversely, groups of 3- or 6-month-old AKR mice, subjected to the same regimen but with 0.01-mg dosages, exhibited an apparent accelerated development of the leukemia and survived for significantly shorter periods. In general, splenic lymphocytes harvested from mice given a single 0.01-mg treatment of iodoacetate were not as reactive as were control cell cultures when exposed to the T-cell mitogens.
Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you?
Authors: M Cardinale, J Wakeling
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Whole body vibration has been recently proposed as an exercise intervention because of its potential for increasing force generating capacity in the lower limbs. Its recent popularity is due to the combined effects on the neuromuscular and neuroendocrine systems. Preliminary results seem to recommend vibration exercise as a therapeutic approach for sarcopenia and possibly osteoporosis. This review analyses state of the art whole body vibration exercise techniques, suggesting reasons why vibration may be an effective stimulus for human muscles and providing the rationale for future studies.
Identifying persons with poor health literacy in 7-seconds: An important adjunct to improving cancer screening and treatment
Authors: M. S. Wolf, E. A. Heckinger, A. Arozullah, S. R. Costello, P. R. Yarnold, R. C. Soltysik, C. L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6007 Background: One in five adults in the United States has low literacy skills. Low literacy has been linked to poor health status, advanced stage of presentation for cancer, and limited awareness and utilization of cancer screening tests. While assessment tools are available to measure literacy, few clinicians use them routinely. We sought to develop a brief and easy-to-use version of an existing health literacy screening test. Methods: Patients were interviewed in oncology, infectious disease, and general internal medicine clinics (N=1334). All patients completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM); an individually administered 3–5 minute reading screening test whereby patients pronounce 66 medical words. REALM-66 scores correlate significantly with longer reading comprehension tests (r = 0.97). While word recognition tests do not measure comprehension, they identify low literacy. Results: Stepwise multiple regression was used to predict REALM total score, treating individual words as potential dummy-coded predictor variables. Variables entering the model were constrained to have a partial R-square of ≥1%, and to be statistically significant under a Bonferroni criterion. Seven words entered the model. The seven words (REALM-7) had a correlation of r=0.95 with the REALM-66 total score for the development sample, and an r>0.93 for 2 validity samples. There was an almost perfect mapping from REALM-7 scores to reading grade level based on the REALM, and no evidence of Simpson's paradox was noted for sample stratification by site, gender or race. Conclusions: It is possible to accurately assess patient health literacy and determine reading level equivalent by asking patients to pronounce only 7 words. Physicians may utilize the REALM-7 into clinical practice to identify individuals who may not understand cancer screening or treatment materials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 2570: Effects Of Exercise On Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Depend On Homogenous Increase In Diastolic Strain Rates
Authors: Teck Hwa Goh, Zoran B Popovic, Adisai Buakhamsri, Neil Greenberg, James D Thomas
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: It has been speculated that early diastolic left ventricular (LV) suction depends on LV apex relaxing more promptly than LV base, and that these relationships are accentuated during exercise. In this study, we sought to determine impact of exercise on the relationship between parameters of LV diastolic mechanics (peak early longitudinal (E SrL), circumferential (E SrC) and radial (E SrR) strain rate, and peak LV untwisting velocity) and intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) as marker of diastolic suction. Methods: We studied 23 healthy volunteers (age 38 ± 10 years, 13 females) by Vivid 7 ultrasound machine (GE) during supine bicycle stress. Segmental diastolic strain rates and untwisting velocity were obtained by speckle tracking software (EchoPac, GE Medical) while IVPG was measured by applying the Euler equation to the transmitral color Doppler M mode of the LV inflow. Segmental diastolic strain rates were averaged over basal, mid, and apical levels. Results: Absolute values of E SrL, E SrC and E SrR homogenously increased during exercise (P&lt;0.001 for all) by the same degree at all LV three levels (p=NS for the difference between levels). (see table ) Untwisting velocity during exercise increased from -1.54 ± 0.69 to -3.40 ± 1.54 rad/s while IVPG increased from 1.41 ± 0.67 to 3.90 ± 1.69 mmHg (p&lt;0.001 for both). Out of strain parameters, average E SrL increase during exercise showed strongest correlation with IVPG (r=0.64, p&lt;0.001) and untwisting velocity (r=0.62, p&lt;0.001). Higher untwisting velocity was associated with the greater IVPG (r=0.70, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Increase of suction during exercise is related to homogeneous augmentation of relaxation throughout left ventricle. Longitudinal strain rate was the best predictor of the increase of untwisting velocity and IVPG. These data could serve as a reference for diastolic stress testing.
<sup>89</sup>Zr‐ and Fe‐Labeled Polymeric Micelles for Dual Modality PET and T<sub>1</sub>‐Weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Lucas W. E. Starmans, Marcus A. P. M. Hummelink, Raffaella Rossin, Esther C. M. Kneepkens, Rolf Lamerichs, Katia Donato, Klaas Nicolay, Holger Grüll
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

In this study, a new 89 Zr- and Fe3+ -labeled micelle nanoplatform (89 Zr/Fe-DFO-micelles) for dual modality position emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging is investigated. The nanoplatform consists of self-assembling amphiphilic diblock copolymers that are functionalized with 89 Zr-deferoxamine (89 Zr-DFO) and Fe3+ -deferoxamine (Fe-DFO) for PET and MR purposes, respectively. 89 Zr displays favorable PET imaging characteristics with a 3.3 d half-life suitable for imaging long circulating nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are modified with Fe-DFO as MR T1 -contrast label instead of commonly used Gd3+ -based chelates. As these micelles are cleared by liver and spleen, any long term Gd- related toxicity such as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is avoided. As a proof of concept, an in vivo PET/MR study in mice is presented showing tumor targeting of 89 Zr/Fe-DFO-micelles through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of tumors, yielding high tumor-to-blood (10.3 ± 3.6) and tumor-to-muscle (15.3 ± 8.1) ratios at 48 h post injection. In vivo PET images clearly delineate the tumor tissue and show good correspondence with ex vivo biodistribution results. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows visualization of the intratumoral distribution of the 89 Zr/Fe-DFO-micelles at high resolution. In summary, the 89 Zr/Fe-DFO-micelle nanoparticulate platform allows EPR-based tumor PET/MRI, and, furthermore, holds great potential for PET/MR image guided drug delivery.