tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1761: An Uncommon Cause of Stroke in a 41-Year-old Female
Authors: Faisal M Merchant, Ricardo C Cury, Stuart Houser, Wilfred Mamuya
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A healthy 41-year-old female experienced sudden onset of right hand weakness, right facial droop and garbled speech. The symptoms lasted for several minutes and then resolved spontaneously. Neurologic exam and head CT were unremarkable. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated an infarct in the left frontoparietal operculum; head and neck MR angiogram was unremarkable. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was obtained to evaluate for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) as a cause of paradoxical embolus. Although there was no evidence of PFO, the TTE revealed a 7 × 8 mm pedunculated mass attached to the aortic valve. Trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) confirmed the finding of a highly mobile, echo lucent mass most suggestive of a papillary fibroelastoma (PFE). However, valvular vegetation, thrombus and other primary intra-cardiac tumor could not be excluded. A cardiac MR scan was obtained to further characterize the mass. T2-weighted images demonstrated increased signal within the core of the mass, making tumor more likely than infectious vegetation. The mass also more than doubled in signal intensity after intravenous administration of gadolinium confirming the presence of a vascular source and making thrombus unlikely. The results of non-invasive imaging strongly suggested PFE. In the absence of other stroke source, surgical resection was recommended. Histology of the mass demonstrated a typical budding pattern of fibrous and elastic tissue, confirming the diagnosis of PFE. Papillary fibroelastomas are rare, accounting for less than 10% of primary cardiac tumors; however, they are the most common tumor associated with heart valves. Most PFE are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. However, due to the risk of embolism, surgical resection is recommended for symptomatic or large left-sided tumors. This case illustrates the importance of a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating a common syndrome (ischemic stroke) in an uncommon circumstance (young patient). It also demonstrates the complimentary nature of echocardiography and cardiac MR in confirming the diagnosis of a cardiac mass prior to invasive therapy. As such, multi-modality imaging has become integral in the evaluation and management of cardiovascular disease.
Abstract 15959: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Accelerate Progression of Vascular Aging in the General Population: Results From the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Affecting Vascular Age (crave) Study
Authors: Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Panagiotis Xaplanteris, Nikolaos Ioakeimidis, Konstantinos Aznaouriidis, Panagiota Pietri, Katerina Baou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Vascular aging, as assessed by structural and functional properties of the arteries, is an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the number of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) determines the progression of vascular aging. Methods: One hundred and forty-two subjects (mean age 51.9±10.8 years, 94 men) attending the Peripheral Vessels Unit with no established cardiovascular disease were investigated in two examinations over a 2-year period (mean follow-up visit 1.84 years). Subjects were classified at baseline according to their number of cardiovascular RFs (from zero to two and more). The RFs were hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and diabetes. Subjects had at the beginning and end of the study determinations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), aortic augmentation index corrected for heart rate (AIx75), brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Based on these measurements the annual absolute change...
New Ischemic Syndromes: Beyond Angina and Infarction, by Ed Derek M Yellon, Shahbudin H Rahimtoola, Lionel H Opie
Authors: D. E Newby
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ed Derek M Yellon, Shahbudin H Rahimtoola, Lionel H Opie: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, £38.50, pp 254 ISBN 1 881 06306 2

Correction of an arterial occlusion or stenosis has become the mainstay of many current therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular disease: from the reperfusion associated with thrombolytic therapy in acute arterial occlusion, through to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and bypass grafting for chronic stenotic artery disease. However, various interventions—such as angioplasty, bypass grafting, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, heart valve replacements, and organ transplantation—necessitate an “elective” ischaemic insult to the tissues. Thus, understanding …
Understanding of the term "schizophrenia"by the British public.
Authors: Jason Luty, Daniel Fekadu, Arun Dhandayudham
Journal: World Psychiatry (2006)

A postal survey of a representative sample of UK adults was conducted. Subjects were asked "What do you understand by the term 'schizophrenia'?".Four hundred four completed questionnaires were received (81% response rate). Forty-two percent of respondents mentionedat least one first rank symptom of schizophrenia or gave a description that reasonably approximated to any diagnostic feature as stated inICD-10. Forty percent mentioned "split" or "multiple" personality. Thirty-eight percent described auditory hallucinations or "hearing voices".Fifteen percent mentioned "delusions" or described passivity experiences. Only 6% of subjects mentioned violence in their descriptions.
Abstract 2831: Bleeding Risk and Outcomes of Bivalirudin versus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors with Targeted Low-dose Unfractionated Heparin in Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Daniel H Steinberg, Palak Shah, Tina L Pinto Slottow, Tim Kinnaird, Probal K Roy, Ashesh N Buch, Aamir Javaid, Teruo Okabe, Kimberly A Smith, Zhenyi Xue, William O Suddath, Kenneth M Kent, Lowell F Satler, Augusto D Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: In patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), procedural anti-coagulation with bivalirudin has been previously shown to significantly reduce bleeding complic...
Cerrahi Olarak Tedavi Edilmiş Evre I Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri Hastalarında Prognoz ve Pozitron Emisyon Tomografide 18 F-Florodeoksiglikoz Tutulumu: Sistematik Gözden Geçirme
Authors: Viswam S. Nair, Yelena Krupitskaya, Michael K. Gould
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Branched chain enriched amino acid versus glucose treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Hendrik Vilstrup, Christian Gluud, Finn Hardt, Marie Kristensen, Ole Køhler, Bjørn Melgaard, Anders Dejgaard, Bent Adel Hansen, Jens Jacob Krintel, Hans Jørgen Schütten, Aage Chr. Thomsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Abstract MP32: Race-sex differences in hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study
Authors: Monika M Safford, Paul Muntner, Raegan Durant, Stephen Glasser, Christopher Gamboa, James Shikany, Todd M Brown, Richard Zweifler, George Howard, Emily Levitan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: To identify potential targets for eliminating disparities in cardiovascular disease outcomes, we examined race-sex differences in awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia in the REGARDS cohort. Methods: REGARDS recruited 30,239 blacks and whites aged ≥45 residing in the 48 continental US between 2003-7. Baseline data were collected via telephone interviews followed by in-home visits. We categorized participants into coronary heart disease (CHD) risk groups (CHD or risk equivalent [highest risk]; Framingham Coronary Risk Score [FRS] &gt;20%; FRS 10-20%; FRS &lt;10%) following the 3 rd Adult Treatment Panel. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia were described across risk categories and race-sex groups. Multivariable models examined associations for hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control between race-sex groups compared with white men, adjusting for predisposing, enabling and need factors. Results: There were 11,677 individuals at highest risk, 847 with FRS &gt;20%, 5791 with FRS 10-20%, and 10,900 with FRS&lt;10%; 43% of white men, 29% of white women, 49% of black men and 43% of black women were in the highest risk category. More high risk whites than blacks were aware of their hyperlipidemia but treatment was 10-17% less common and control was 5-49% less common among race-sex groups compared with white men across risk categories. After multivariable adjustment, all race-sex groups relative to white men were significantly less likely to be treated or controlled, with the greatest differences for black women vs. white men (Table). Results were similar when stratified on CHD risk and area-level poverty tertile. Conclusion: Compared to white men at similar CHD risk, fewer white women, black men and especially black women who were aware of their hyperlipidemia were treated and when treated, they were less likely to achieve control, even after adjusting for factors that influence health services utilization.
Gallic acid, a major active constituent of grape seed extract, induces apoptotic death via the activation of p38 MAPK pathway in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells
Authors: Manjinder Kaur, Rajesh Agarwal, Chapla Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4967  Imbalance in the critical cellular processes like cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis leads to cancer development. In most cases, induction of apoptosis is an important therapeutic strategy to control the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells. Many chemopreventive agents of natural origin have shown this capacity in various cell culture and animal models of cancer. We have previously demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of grape seed extract, a mixture of polyphenols, against the androgen-dependent and -independent human prostate carcinoma cell lines. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy and the molecular mechanism of action of gallic acid, which was found to be a principle active constituent of grape seed extract, in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. We observed that treatment of DU145, PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells with gallic acid decreases the viability of these cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 57, 60 and 74 µM, respectively. Further studies conducted in these cell lines revealed that the decrease in cell viability was due to apoptosis induction by gallic acid. Additional studies next conducted in DU145 cells showed that gallic acid caused 70-80% of cells to undergo apoptotic death after 24h of treatment at 50 and 75µM doses as determined by Annexin V-PI staining. In mechanistic studies, western blot analysis revealed that treatment with gallic acid caused the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 along with the release of cytochrome-c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria in DU145 cells. Additionally, gallic acid treatment caused the decrease in the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, Mcl-1 and survivin without affecting the levels of pro-apoptotic members, Bcl-XL, Bak and Bad. Treatment of DU145 cells with gallic acid also caused a strong activation of p38 MAPK pathway. Pretreatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly attenuated the apoptotic death induced by gallic acid, thereby suggesting that activation of p38 MAPK pathway is involved in the regulation of cell death induced by gallic acid in DU145 cells. Together these results suggest the involvement of both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways of apoptosis mediated through release of cytochrome-c and AIF from the mitochondria in gallic acid mediated death in DU145 cells via the activation of p38 MAPK pathway.
Prostate-Cancer Screening
Authors: William J Catalona
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

During the prostate-specific antigen-based prostate cancer (PCa) screening era there has been a 53% decrease in the US PCa mortality rate. Concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment combined with misinterpretation of clinical trial data led to a recommendation against PCa screening, resulting in a subsequent reversion to more high-risk disease at diagnosis. Re-evaluation of trial data and increasing acceptance of active surveillance led to a new draft recommendation for shared decision making for men aged 55 to 69 years old. Further consideration is needed for more intensive screening in men with high-risk factors. PCa screening significantly reduces PCa morbidity and mortality.
A memorable patient: The importance of keeping contemporaneous records
Authors: A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Oliver was born the day after my daughter was, and I remember his mother was on the labour ward when my wife was in labour. She unfortunately had prolonged rupture of membranes that led to a stormy neonatal period with sepsis, jaundice, and feeding problems. He has had an uneventful childhood apart from an assortment of coughs and colds.

Recently, Oliver was seen by one of our nurses with a tick on his eyelid, and this was easily removed after the application of a liberal coat of petroleum jelly overnight.

Three weeks later he developed conjunctivitis, …
Abstract 1658: Enhanced shedding of extracellular vesicles from amoeboid prostate cancer cells: Potential effects on the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jayoung Kim, Samantha Morley, Minh Le, Denis Bedoret, Dale Umetsu, Dolores D. Vizio, Michael Freeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The gene encoding the cytoskeletal regulator DIAPH3 is lost at high frequency in metastatic prostate cancer, and silencing of DIAPH3 evokes a transition to an amoeboid phenotype in multiple tumor cell backgrounds. This amoeboid transformation is accompanied by increases in plasma membrane deformations (blebbing), cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. DIAPH3 silencing also promotes the shedding of atypically large (&amp;gt;1μm) extracellular vesicles (EV) containing bioactive cargo. Whether loss of DIAPH3 also stimulates the release of bioactive nano-sized EV (exosomes) is not established. Here we examined the mechanism of release and potential biological functions of EV shed from DIAPH3-silenced and other prostate cancer cells. We observed that stimulation of LNCaP cells with the prostate stroma-derived growth factor heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), combined with p38MAPK inhibition caused exosome shedding, a process mediated by ERK1/2 hyperactivation. DIAPH3 silencing in DU145 cells also increased rates of exosome production. EV isolated from DIAPH3-silenced cells activated AKT1 and androgen signaling, increased proliferation of recipient tumor cells, and suppressed proliferation of human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). DU145-derived EV contained miR-125a, which suppressed AKT1 expression and proliferation in recipient human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages. Our findings suggest that EV across a wide size range (∼70nm to &amp;gt;1um) are produced by amoeboid prostate cancer cells as a result of DIAPH3 loss and/or growth factor stimulation. These EV may condition the tumor microenvironment through multiple mechanisms, including promoting the growth of cancer cells and suppression of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Citation Format: Jayoung Kim, Samantha Morley, Minh Le, Denis Bedoret, Dale Umetsu, Dolores Di Vizio, Michael Freeman. Enhanced shedding of extracellular vesicles from amoeboid prostate cancer cells: Potential effects on the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1658
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Thomas K. Watanabe
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Grover’s disease secondary to ribavirin
Authors: I. Antunes, F. Azevedo, J. Mesquita-Guimarães, C. Resende, N. Fernandes, G. Macedo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

SIR, Transient acantholytic dermatosis (TAD) was originally described by Grover in 1970,1 as a pruritic, self‐limiting papular or papulovesicular eruption predominantly distributed on the trunk of white middle‐aged men. The histopathological hallmark of TAD is suprabasal acantholysis, occurring at different levels of the epidermis.2 TAD is of uncertain origin, with most cases related to sunlight, heat or sweating.1–5 We describe the first case of Grover's disease secondary to ribavirin. A 55‐year‐old man with chronic active hepatitis C presented with a pruritic papular eruption on the trunk lasting for 2 weeks. Examination showed multiple erythematous and excoriated papules on the neck, trunk, upper arms and thighs (Fig. 1a). The lesions appeared 2 weeks after combination therapy with oral ribavirin 1 g daily and subcutaneous interferon alpha‐2b 3 MU twice weekly, prescribed for relapse of the hepatitis. Previously, he had been treated with interferon alpha alone at the same dosage for 7 months, and which had then been suspended for 4 months. Histopathological examination revealed epidermal spongiosis with vesicle formation and small foci of suprabasal acantholysis with occasional dyskeratotic cells, corps rounds and grains (Fig. 1b). With the suspension of ribavirin, the lesions gradually faded. Twelve days later, the drug was reintroduced at the initial dosage but after 1 week, an exacerbation of the clinical picture was noticed. All the medication taken by the patient was then suspended and he was treated with oral prednisolone 40 mg daily for 10 days, with complete resolution of the cutaneous lesions.
Abstract 20504: Dysfunctional cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Signaling Causes Impaired Autonomic Control in Diabetic Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Bockus, Kenneth Humphries
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Autonomic control of cardiac function primarily occurs through the regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) via the adrenergic and muscarinic pathways. The diabetic heart has a suppressed β-adrenergic response that is classically attributed to β-adrenergic receptor internalization, but little is known about how the PKA signaling pathway is affected. We assessed the hypothesis that β-adrenergic impairment in diabetes occurs through PKA signaling dysfunction. Four-month streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were used in this study as a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Although the diabetic mice have substantial cardiac impairment, as measured by pressure catheter, cAMP levels are not reduced, suggesting the pathway upstream of PKA is intact. We next developed a novel system using acute 8-min treatments with a cAMP analog, 8Br-cAMP, to activate PKA in a receptor-independent manner and increase ventricular inotropy. Diabetic mice have an impaired response to 8Br-cAMP treatment as shown by minimal change in PKA substrate phosphorylation (Fig. 1) and PKA activity by enzyme assay (% increase, C: 65±3.5, STZ: 30±5, n=5). Interestingly, cytosolic phosphorylation of PFK-2 is absent (% increase, C: 142±32, STZ: -15.7±13, n=5), yet nuclear phosphorylation of CREB is maintained suggesting a difference in localization of PKA. Although total PKA content is not different in the diabetic hearts, there is reduced cytosolic content of PKA (-35±1%, n=5) and an increase in nuclear translocation of PKA with treatment. The improper localization of PKA in the diabetic mice explains the differing phosphorylation. A major contributor is the reduction of nuclear PKA inhibitors/exporters, PKIα (-33±6.2%, n=5) and PKIγ (-20±7.2%, n=5), which normally regulate the nuclear content of PKA. In conclusion, PKA signaling is greatly impaired in diabetes and is attributable to altered enzyme localization, which is at least in part a result of PKI loss.
SAP controls T cell responses to virus and terminal differentiation of TH2 cells
Authors: Chengbin Wu, Khuong B. Nguyen, Gary C. Pien, Ninghai Wang, Charles Gullo, Duncan Howie, Miriam Rodriguez Sosa, Matthew J. Edwards, Persephone Borrow, Abhay R. Satoskar, Arlene H. Sharpe, Christine A. Biron, Cox Terhorst
Journal: Nature Immunology (2001)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Promotes Intestinal Overproduction of Triglyceride-Rich Apolipoprotein B Lipoproteins Through Both Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms”
Authors: Shirya Rashid, Hagai Tavori, Patrick E. Brown, MacRae F. Linton, Jane He, Ilaria Giunzioni, Sergio Fazio
Journal: Circulation (2015)