tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How infectious is gonorrhoea?
Authors: M E Ward, P J Watt
Journal: BMJ (1973)

from the urethra grew no pathogen.He made a full recovery when treated with benzyl penicillin 1 mega unit intramuscularly six hourly.His wife, who was without symptoms at this time, eventually agreed to be examined.She had cervicitis without erosion but no clinical evid- ence of urthritis.Cultures, however, grew the gonococcus from both sites.This family demonstrates once again the well-known latency of gonorrhoea in women, and it also seems very likely that the condition had remained latent in the husband until septicaemia ensued though no proof of this can be obtained The most unusual find- ing was the development of one of the rarest of the complications of gonorrhoea- namely, gonococcal septicaemia in both hus- band and wife.We have not been able to find a similar example recorded in the literature.-Weare, etc.,
A comparison of the efficacy and relapse rates of narrowband UNV (TL-01) monotherapy vs. etretinate (re-TL-01) vs. etretinate-PUVA (re-PUVA) in the treatment of psoriasis patients
Authors: CATHY GREEN, T. LAKSHMIPATHI, B.E. JOHNSON, J. FERGUSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Forty‐five patients with extensive chronic plaque or guttate psoriasis were treated with either narrowband (TL‐01) phototherapy, etretinate TL‐01 combination therapy (re‐TL‐01) or etretinate and PUVA (re‐PUVA) (15 patients in each group). Re‐PUVA was the most effective therapy with 100% satisfactory clearance rate. TL‐01 monotherapy had an 80% success rate; the relapse rate compared favourably with re‐PUVA (50% in remission after 6 months). In the etretinate‐TL‐01 group, there was a 93% success rate and a one‐third reduction in the total irradiation dose (8.0 J/cm2 vs, 12.7 J/cm2) but the relapse rate was higher, only 33% remaining in remission after 6 months.
Starting a New Discussion About Screening for Lung Cancer
Authors: Russell P. Harris
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parity and breast cancer.
Authors: K L Woods, S R Smith, J M Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A comparison of the combination of antacids and cimetidine with antacids alone (suggested by your leading article) has already been reported in the treatment of patients with established acute mucosal bleeding.8Haemostasis was achieved earlier with cimetidine but it is noteworthy that bleeding stopped within 48 hours in only 330N) of either treatment group.This fact-that established acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage may be difficult to control-and the disastrous results of surgical intervention in the few patients in whom medical treatment is unsuccessful contradict your final sanguine conclusion that "treatment may reasonably be reserved for those in whom bleeding occurs."It is true that prophylaxis should be reserved for high-risk patients-those with severe burns, head injuries or multiple injuries, and major operations, especially when these conditions are complicated by hypotension, jaundice, sepsis, renal failure, or severe respiratory insufficiency.Cimetidine infused slowly intravenously has fewer side effects than antacids, may be used even when the gut is not functioning, and is more convenient.For the most effective prophylaxis intragastric pH should be maintained above 4 and antacids may occasionally need to be added to cimetidine to achieve this.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from HLA-A2 transgenic mice specific for HLA-A2 expressed on human cells.
Authors: E J Bernhard, A X Le, J A Barbosa, E Lacy, V H Engelhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

CTL clones were derived from HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice by immunization with a human cell expressing HLA-A2.1. None of these clones lysed murine transfectants, and only 3 of 23 lysed monkey transfectants expressing HLA-A2. In contrast, all of these clones lysed a wide variety of human cells expressing HLA-A2.1. These results demonstrate the existence of species-specific epitopes on the HLA-A2.1 molecule, and suggest that these epitopes are formed by the association of class I MHC products with one or more endogenous species-specific molecules. These results provide an explanation for the frequently observed failure of HLA class I-specific CTL to recognize these antigens on murine transfectants. These results also suggest that such endogenous proteins may also contribute to the formation of epitopes recognized by allospecific CTL.
Intensive Hospital Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Authors: N. Hurwitz, O. L. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A total of 1,268 patients admitted to hospital wards were kept under surveillance by one observer throughout their stay in hospital. All drugs given to them and the occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded.Drug reactions were found in 10.2% of the 1,160 patients who received drug therapy. Most reactions were due to known pharmacological actions of the drugs. Though only four reactions were of life-threatening seriousness, 80% of the 129 reactions observed were of moderate severity. Digitalis preparations, bronchodilator drugs, and ampicillin had the highest reaction rates. It is suggested that larger surveys of adverse reactions in relation to drug usage would make a useful contribution to the problem.
Hereditary Chronic Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Mutant Rats Caused by Defective Hepatic Anion Transport
Authors: Peter L.M. Jansen, Wilbert H. Peters, Wouter H. Lamers
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

A mutant rat strain is described with autosomal recessive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Transport of conjugated bilirubin and tetrabromosulfophthalein from liver to bile is severely impaired whereas uptake of organic anions from plasma to liver is normal. During the first 10 days of life, serum bilirubin levels are 147 ± 11 μmoles per liter with 68.7% diconjugates and 27.9% monoconjugates. In adult rats, serum bilirubin is 33 ± 8 μmoles per liter with 81.8% diconjugates and 12.1% monoconjugates vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 μmole per liter unconjugated bilirubin in normal adult rats. Bile acid metabolism is only mildly affected. In young rats, serum bile acid levels are normal. In adult rats, bile acid levels are elevated to 49 ± 11 μmoles per liter vs. 10 ± 6 μmoles per liter in normal rats. The bile flow in mutant rats is reduced to about 50%. This might be caused by a reduction of the bile acid-independent bile fraction. Liver marker enzyme activities in mutant rat serum are normal. Liver morphology is also normal. Total urinary coproporphyrin excretion is not elevated but urinary coproporphyrin isomer I excretion is increased, a pattern like that in Dubin-Johnson syndrome in humans. However, unlike Dubin-Johnson syndrome, the mutant rats do not have the characteristic black hepatic pigment. These rats provide a unique model to study mechanisms of bile formation and cholestasis.
Body Mass is a Poor Predictor of Peak Plantar Pressure in Diabetic Men
Authors: Peter R Cavanagh, David S Sims, Lee J Sanders
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To examine the relationship between peak plantar pressure during walking and body mass in diabetic patients and age-matched control subjects. Research Design And Methods A volunteer sample of 56 male diabetic veterans (12 insulin dependent, 44 non-insulin dependent) with a mean age of 58.9 yr, mean duration of diabetes of 16.9 yr, and mean vibration perception threshold of 30.8 and 27 age-matched nondiabetic control subjects comprised the study. Results Peak plantar pressure was measured with a 1000-element piezoelectric platform during the first step of gait. The correlation between body mass and peak pressure was found to be only 0.37 in the patients with diabetes and 0.36 in the control subjects, indicating that body mass accounts for &amp;lt; 14% of the variance in peak plantar pressure. The body mass and peak plantar pressure of the 14 patients who experienced plantar ulcers was not significantly different from those who did not ulcerate, but vibration perception thresholds and monofilament perception thresholds of the ulcer patients were significantly higher. Conclusions Although the correlation between body mass and peak plantar pressure is statistically significant, the functional relationship between the two variables is weak. Elevated plantar pressures are as likely to occur in small individuals as they are in those with large body mass. Foot deformity, in the presence of neuropathy and other permissive factors, is itself likely to be an important risk factor for plantar ulceration in diabetes, and this hypothesis deserves further exploration.
Multiple Primary Cancers in Families With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Michie Hisada, Judy E. Garber, Frederick P. Li, Claire Y. Fung, Joseph F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by early-onset breast cancer, sarcomas, and other cancers in children and young adults. Members of families with this syndrome also develop multiple primary cancers, but the frequency is unknown. To approach this issue, we quantified the incidence of second and third primary cancers in individuals from 24 Li- Fraumeni kindreds originally diagnosed with cancer during the period from 1968 through 1986. Methods: The relative risk (RR) of subsequent cancers and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by use of population- based incidence data from the Connecticut Cancer Registry. Kaplan- Meier analysis was used to determine the cumulative probability (± standard error) of subsequent cancers. Results: Among 200 Li-Fraumeni syndrome family members diagnosed with cancer, 30 (15%) developed a second cancer. Eight individuals (4%) had a third cancer, while four (2%) eventually developed a fourth cancer. Overall, the RR of occurrence of a second cancer was 5.3 (95% CI = 2.8-7.8), with a cumulative probability of second cancer occurrence of 57% (±10%) at 30 years after diagnosis of a first cancer. RRs of second cancers occurring in families with this syndrome were 83.0 (95% CI = 36.9-187.6), 9.7 (95% CI = 4.9-19.2), and 1.5 (95% CI = 0.5-4.2) for individuals with a first cancer at ages 0-19 years, 20-44 years, and 45 years or more, respectively. Thirty (71%) of 42 subsequent cancers in this group were component cancers of Li- Fraumeni syndrome. Conclusions: Compared with the general population, members of Li-Fraumeni syndrome families have an exceptionally high risk of developing multiple primary cancers. The excess risk of additional primary cancers is mainly for cancers that are characteristic of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, with the highest risk observed for survivors of childhood cancers. Cancer survivors in these families should be closely monitored for early manifestations of new cancers.
Effect of Castor Oil, Soap Enema, and Hot Bath on the Pregnant Human Uterus Near Term
Authors: J. G. Mathie, B. H. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Christmas disease serum phenindioe .. 38 Patient's serum mixed witli 10% of: Normal serumn 16 Serum of patient receiving ethyl biscoumacetate * 27 'Pi, ,, ,, ,,t phenindionet 25 Christmas disease serum . ..18Congenital factor-VII-deficient serum § .. ..6 One-stage prothrombin time 42 seconds (.ormal 12 seconds).t One-stage prothrombin time 29 seconds (normal 11 seconds).t The activity of thromboplastin produced in each nmixture was tested aftersix minutes by taking 0-1 ml.thereof together with 0 1 ml. of 0 025 M CaCI2 and adding them simultaneously to 01 ml. of normal citrated plasma (sub- strate) at 37°C., recording the clotting-time.§ This gave normal results (10 seconds) when tested by the thromboplastin generation method.ethyl biscoumacetate or phenindione were ineffective in correcting the clotting defect (Tables I andII).Similarly.the coumarin-induced defect was not corrected by the patient's plasma or serum.Liver-function Tests.-Paperelectrophoresis of serum, using barbitone buffer pH 8.6, showed normal bands.Serum thymol turbidity was 0.2 unit and serum alkaline phosphatase 22 units.Eflects of Vitamin K.-The blood-clotting tests were repeated before and during a course of vitamin K, 40 mg.daily for four weeks.The blood-clotting defect was not affected by this treatment.Furthermore, the clinical picture was not improved, the patient having an episode of epistaxis while receiving the drug.Examination of Father's Blood.-This was found to be normal.
Cytokine Binding to CD4+ Inflammatory Cells: Implications for Asthma
Authors: David M. Center, Hardy Kornfeld, Min-Je Wu, Melissa Falvo, Arthur C. Theodore, John Bernardo, Jeffrey S. Berman, William W. Cruikshank, Ratko Djukanovic, Luis Teran, Stephen Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Cytokine Binding to CD4+ Inflammatory Cells: Implications for Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 150(5_pt_2), pp. S59–S62
Youthful male homosexuality. Homosexual experience and the process of developing homosexual idenity in males aged 16 to 22 years
Authors: T. Roesler
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Interviews with young men ages 16 to 22 who had had at least one homosexual experience to orgasm revealed that certain significant events over a period of time usually preceded the individual's self-designation, I am a homosexual. These events include (1) early sex play (whether prepuberty or postpuberty) the individual recalled as homosexual in nature, (2) actually seeking persons for homosexual contact (as adolescents), and (3) coming out (participating in the gay world). Four years separated the mean ages of first homosexual experience to orgasm14and self-designation as a homosexual.18This period was, for many, one of extreme emotional turmoil. Of 60 subjects, 29 (48%) had visited a psychiatrist and 19 (31%) had made what they considered to be a significant suicide attempt.
THE EXTERNAL PREPARATIONS AND THEIR THERAPY.
Authors: CARL S. N. HALLBERG
Journal: JAMA (1903)

While the history of the preparations embraced in the broad generalization of external preparations is of the most ancient origin, yet their evolution and differentiation along therapeutic lines is largely a matter of recent development. Up to a comparatively recent period the fats employed for vehicles of the oleagenous preparations were selected with sole reference to their pharmaceutic properties, that is, to afford preparations possessing the most desirable physical characteristics: proper consistence, ready fusibility, etc. The earlier materia medica was especially rich in oils and fats of animal origin, the fat of, nearly every creature being vaunted as having especial virtues, such notions still surviving among many peoples, as, for example, bear-grease to promote the growth of the hair; goose-grease to loosen and break up a cold; rattle-snake oil as an application for rheumatism, and many similar domestic remedies. <h3>OINTMENT VEHICLES.</h3> The introduction of the petroleum fats or
Videodensitometric ejection fraction from intravenous digital subtraction right ventriculograms: Correlation with first pass radionuclide ejection fraction
Authors: Robert Detrano, William MacIntyre, Ernesto E. Salcedo, James O’Donnell, Donald A. Underwood, Conrad Simpfendorfer, Raymundo T. Go, Katherine Butters, Susan Withrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Preemployment Medical Examinations
Authors: Sidney Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the response of T. Forrest Fisher, MD (1982;247:1407), to the letter from Joseph L. Crumrine, MD, regarding inguinal hernias and employment, Dr Fisher suggests that the decision of the physician to waive restrictions relative to an employee with an inguinal hernia should include consideration of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations and decisions on similar cases.  In my opinion, a physician should not allow nonmedical considerations, especially laws that are directed to the employer and not to the physician, to modify his best medical judgment. The physician should advise management—without revealing a specific diagnosis—if a prospective employee has a medical condition that may, with a reasonable degree of certainty, affect the safety of the employee or others or interfere with performance of the job in question. The physician should make appropriate recommendations for modification of activities or exposures based on the patient's medical evaluation. A further
Multifaceted approach at the heart of NHLBI
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Four photographs hang in the office of Claude Lenfant, MD, director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), each one capturing a different corner of the world—a walrus and seal from the north and south polar regions, and a sloth and monkey from the equator. They also capture, in a symbolic way, the widespread nature, yet intimate relation, of the disorders addressed by the institute.  The NHLBI is not the only agency of the NIH to deal with a cluster of disorders, Lenfant notes, adding: But I think this one [NHLBI] is unique in the sense that there is a very intimate relationship between the cardiovascular, the respiratory, and the blood systems. And the fact that all three [programs] are under the same roof, I think, is a considerable asset to our own scientific endeavors and pursuits.  The NHLBI until recently had three divisions: Heart and Blood Vessel Diseases, Lung Diseases, and Blood Diseases and Resources. A fourth, the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, has been created in an effort to consolidate already existing population-based research.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes for Women and Men after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Richard C. Becker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To assess differences in morbidity and mortality between men and women with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy and the relation of differences to baseline patient characteristics and clinical features.Secondary analysis of observational findings among women and men enrolled in a clinical trial.Hospitals participating in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II trial.Recurrent infarctions and deaths were assessed.The 6-week mortality rate was greater for women than for men (9% compared with 4%; adjusted relative risk, 1.54; P = 0.01). Death or reinfarction occurred in 15.9% of women and 9.5% of men (adjusted relative risk, 1.33; P = 0.02). Among patients enrolled for treatment with 100 mg of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and assigned to a conservative strategy of watchful waiting with appropriate backup, the 6-week incidence of death was 7.5% for women and 3.8% for men (P = 0.01). The 6-week incidences of death or reinfarction were 14.2% and 8.9% (P = 0.01) among women and men, respectively.Among patients in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II Trial, who all were diagnosed with myocardial infarction and were eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy, women had higher rates of mortality and morbidity than did men. Older age at the time of myocardial infarction and a history of diabetes accounted for much but probably not all of this difference.
Regulation of mesangial cell function by vasodilatory signaling molecules
Authors: L Buschhausen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Proliferation of mesangial cells and expansion of mesangial matrix is a hallmark of glomerular disease leading to end-stage renal failure and requiring renal replacement therapy. Independently from the type of injury, e.g. in glomerulonephritis or diabetic nephropathy, the response to injury is remarkably uniform. Chronic glomerular disease is frequently associated with increases in systemic blood pressure and altered intraglomerular hemodynamics. Furthermore, reduction of systemic blood pressure and inhibition of the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II have been shown to delay end-stage renal failure in various types of human kidney disease. Since vasoconstrictors of mesangial cells and efferent glomerular arterioli, such as angiotensin II, are thought to be detrimental for the progression of chronic glomerular disease, we propose that vasodilatory factors which antagonize the effects of angiotensin II, might have beneficial effects during the course of progressive kidney disease. To support this concept we will summarize currently available data on the role of vasodilatory signaling molecules such as natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP), nitric oxide (NO), the prostaglandines PGE2 and prostacycline, and the purine mediator adenosine in the regulation of mesangial function.
Time to act on behalf of mentally disordered offenders
Authors: Becky Sales, Nigel McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Over the past six months the British media—general and medical—have increasingly focused on two apparently unlinked issues relating to offenders and the criminal justice system. The first issue is the current overcrowding crisis in prisons, as the number of prisoners exceeds capacity (80 000 in England and Wales). The second is the new Mental Health Bill and the debate surrounding it as it passes through parliament. In terms of criminal justice this debate has largely centred on the balance to be struck between the human rights of mentally disordered offenders and protection of the public. What is striking is the focus on patients with potentially untreatable disorders (such as personality disorders) rather than any debate concerning—or even with reference to—the human rights of those with treatable disorders, such as people with acute psychosis.

Each year in England between 5% and 8% of all patients (or 1300 to 2000 patients) detained under section in psychiatric hospitals come through the court or prison systems. Unlike their …