tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Marketing Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ceftolozane-tazobactam compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cUTI)
Authors: Florian M Wagenlehner, Obiamiwe Umeh, Judith Steenbergen, Guojun Yuan, Rabih O Darouiche
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Bortezomib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma is associated with plasmacytic differentiation
Authors: Patricia Pérez-Galán, Helena Mora-Jensen, Marc A. Weniger, Arthur L. Shaffer, Edgar G. Rizzatti, Colby M. Chapman, Clifton C. Mo, Lawrence S. Stennett, Christoph Rader, Poching Liu, Nalini Raghavachari, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Constance Yuan, Stefania Pittaluga, Irina Maric, Kieron M. Dunleavy, Wyndham H. Wilson, Louis M. Staudt, Adrian Wiestner
Journal: Blood (2010)
Systemic glucocorticoids decrease the synthesis of type I and type III collagen in human skin in vivo, whereas isotretinoin treatment has little effect
Authors: P. AUTIO, A. OIKARINEN, J. MELKKO, J. RISTELI, L. RISTELI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The effects of systemic glucocorticoid and isotretinoin treatments on type I and type III collagen synthesis in intact skin were investigated by measuring the carboxyterminal and aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen, and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen, in suction blister fluid (SBF), in a study of 27 patients. All three parameters were significantly lower in the SBF of glucocorticoid‐treated patients than in controls or patients undergoing treatment with isotretinoin, whereas the latter two groups did not differ significantly from each other. During glucocorticoid treatment, the concentrations of the procollagen propeptides were only about 20% of the corresponding control values, indicating that systemic therapy with prednisone at a dose of 0.48 mg/kg per day almost totally abolishes collagen synthesis in the skin. These results indicate that systemic glucocorticoid treatment suppresses the synthesis of both type I and type III collagen in the dermis, and suggest that many side‐effects of these drugs, such as atrophy of the skin, are due to this inhibition. Systemic isotretinoin treatment did not stimulate skin collagen synthesis. Thus, its regenerative effect on connective tissue may be mediated by mechanisms other than direct stimulation of collagen synthesis.
Nanocarriers: Bioreducible Carboxymethyl Dextran Nanoparticles for Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2014)
Authors: Thavasyappan Thambi, Dong Gil You, Hwa Seung Han, V. G. Deepagan, Sang Min Jeon, Yung Doug Suh, Ki Young Choi, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Gi‐Ra Yi, Jun Young Lee, Doo Sung Lee, Jae Hyung Park
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Bioreducible nanoparticles, composed of hydrophilic carboxymethyl dextran and hydrophobic bile acid, are developed by J. H. Park and co-workers on page 1829 for the site-specific delivery of poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs at the tumor microenvironment.
Prevention of subsequent exercise-induced periinfarct ischemia by emergency coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: Comparison with intracoronary streptokinase
Authors: Anthony Y. Fung, Peter Lai, Jack E. Juni, Patrick D.V. Bourdillon, Joseph A. Walton, Nathan Laufer, Andrew J. Buda, Bertram Pitt, William W. O’Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Variable intrathoracic airways obstruction masquerading as asthma.
Authors: C G McGregor, M J Herrick, I Hardy, T Higenbottam
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Background</h3> Children born with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) are predisposed to develop hypertension and kidney injury. Glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) can mitigate hyperfiltration and may be therapeutically beneficial in reducing progression of kidney injury in those with an SFK. <h3>Methods</h3> SFK was induced in male sheep fetuses at 100 days gestation (term=150 days). Between 4 and 8 weeks of age, SFK lambs received enalapril (SFK+ACEi; 0.5mg/kg per day, once daily, orally) or vehicle (SFK). At 8 months, we examined BP, basal kidney function, renal functional reserve (RFR; GFR response to combined amino acid and dopamine infusion), GFR response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, and basal nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (basal urinary total nitrate and nitrite [NOx]). <h3>Results</h3> SFK+ACEi prevented albuminuria and resulted in lower basal GFR (16%), higher renal blood flow (approximately 22%), and lower filtration fraction (approximately 35%), but similar BP, compared with vehicle-treated SFK sheep. Together with greater recruitment of RFR (approximately 14%) in SFK+ACEi than SFK animals, this indicates a reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration–mediated kidney dysfunction. During NOS inhibition, the decrease in GFR (approximately 14%) was greater among SFK+ACEi than among SFK animals. Increased (approximately 85%) basal urinary total NOx in SFK+ACEi compared with SFK animals indicates elevated NO bioavailability likely contributed to improvements in kidney function and prevention of albuminuria. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Brief and early ACEi in SFK is associated with reduced glomerular hyperfiltration–mediated kidney disease up to 8 months of age in a sheep model.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS ANTIGENS FROM THE EARLY INCUBATION PHASE OF ACUTE HEPATITIS B
Authors: Sandro Vento, Sergio Ranieri, Roger Williams, ElioG. Rondanelli, CharlesJ. O'Brien, AdrianL.W.F. Eddleston
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Synthetic Vascular Graft Trials Start; Endothelialization Seen as Possible
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ALTHOUGH THE recent Nobel prizes in medicine attest to the possibility, it still remains tough to fool Mother Nature. Artificial hearts, kidneys, and joints can't compare with the tissues they replace. But some vascular surgeons are trying a new disguise for that simplest of artificial organs, the synthetic vascular graft, in hopes of deceiving the lady to the patient's advantage. Of the approximately 180 000 vascular grafts placed in the extremities each year, one quarter fail, especially the small-caliber, low-flow conduits. Most of these grafts thrombose. Native blood vessels normally do not clot because of their antithrombotic endothelial cell lining. To decrease the thrombogenicity of a vascular graft, then, it would seem logical to cover it with endothelial cells. In humans, this does not happen spontaneously; endothelial cells only grow a short distance into the anastomotic ends of a prosthetic vessel. Lining vascular grafts with endothelial cells became more than
Impaired cellular immune responses in chronic renal failure: Evidence for a T cell defect
Authors: Peter Kurz, Hans Köhler, Stephan Meuer, Thomas Hütteroth, Karl–Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Kidney International (1986)

Cellular immune responses in vitro were studied in 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis and 16 healthy volunteers with normal kidney function. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis had lymphopenia with diminished numbers of both T4+ and T8+ T-lymphocytes. The T4/T8 ratios were within the normal range. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) showed a diminished proliferative response upon stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. When cell surface antigens were used for stimulation (mixed lymphocyte culture) uremic lymphocytes also showed a lower proliferation rate. Although without statistical conformation, there was a tendency by uremic PBL to produce less IL-2 as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in a PWM driven system, peripheral blood lymphocytes from uremics produced significantly less IgG than PBL from normals. These results support the notion that a profound defect in lymphocyte function accounts at least, in part, for the observed immunodeficiency of uremic patients.
Aspects of Survival and Adaptation in Human Aging
Authors: ROBERT N. BUTLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Survivors and nonsurvivors from a previous multidisciplinary study of community-resident aged men were compared to determine the effects of certain personality factors and critical experiences upon survival and adaptation. The results suggest that survival among this group of aged men may be associated with the individual's self-view and sense of continued usefulness as well as with such physical factors as chronic cigarette smoking and arteriosclerosis.
Review launched after Harvard psychiatrist failed to disclose industry funding
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Findings that a leading Harvard professor of psychiatry failed to report substantial payments that he received from drug companies has caused Harvard Medical School, one of its affiliated hospitals, and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to come under fire.

An investigation by the US senator Charles Grassley showed that the psychiatrist, Joseph Biederman, and two of his colleagues, Thomas Spencer and Timothy Wilens, had altogether received more than $4.2m (£2.1m; €2.7m) from drug companies since 2000.

The …
Endosonography-Guided Treatment of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: J. C. Souquet, B. Napoleon, B. Pujol, P. J. Valette, R. Chollet, R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Endosonography is helpful in managing patients with esophageal cancer due to its capacity to stage the tumor for the depth of tumoral invasion and the presence of metastatic lymph nodes. Thus, ES will help the surgeon to determine if surgery is advisable. If the patient does not undergo surgery, it will provide a very accurate prognosis and allow the adaptation of non-surgical multimodal therapy to determine tumor extension. Finally, following the initial phase of treatment. ES will be useful in the follow-up, especially to detect and stage recurrences.
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production in ocular inflammation.
Authors: J B Allen, T Keng, C Privalle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Recent studies have implicated nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as septic shock, arthritis, lung disease, and atherosclerosis. Nitric oxide (.NO) exerts many diverse effects on vascular tone, affecting neurotransmission and cellular cytotoxicity/communication. Our laboratory and others have documented a proinflammatory role for .NO in ocular inflammation. Uveitis, which is an inflammation of the highly vascular uveal tract in the eye, is a debilitating condition that can lead to visual impairment and blindness. It is characterized by acute, recurrent, or persistent inflammation with disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and is accompanied by protein leakage and leukocyte infiltration into the aqueous humor and anterior chamber. Systemic injection of endotoxin into mice and rats, or intraocular injection of endotoxin into mice, rats, and rabbits induces acute uveitis, which clinically and histologically resembles acute anterior uveitis in humans. These models facilitate the study of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to ocular inflammation. In addition to .NO, superoxide anion radicals (O2.-), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the products of the reaction between .NO and O2.-, are also implicated in uveitis. The role of peroxynitrite in ocular inflammation is still largely unknown. Characterization of the roles of these important uveitic mediators in the ocular inflammatory response will provide information critical to the understanding of the pathogenesis of intraocular inflammation so that more effective therapeutic intervention(s) can be developed.
Comparison of two approaches to measuring change in health status in rheumatoid arthritis: the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and modified HAQ.
Authors: S Ziebland, R Fitzpatrick, C Jenkinson, A Mowat, A Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

As an alternative to the calculation of change scores for health status questionnaires used in clinical trials or longitudinal studies, transitional questions have been developed for patients to assess changes directly themselves. Here the original Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is compared with a modified version of the HAQ (MHAQ) which contains transition questions used at follow up. These, together with a set of standard rheumatological tests, were all completed by 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis on two occasions, three months apart. Change scores were calculated for the HAQ and for the clinical measures and compared with the MHAQ. The results were strikingly in favour of encouraging patients to assess their own degree of change through the use of transition questions in the MHAQ.
Recent Developments in Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: I. S. WRIGHT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Thrombosis is one of the most important disease phenomena responsible for disability and death. Recent studies involving the prevention and treatment of this condition are reviewed. It is now well documented that the response to anticoagulant therapy is largely dependent on the selection of suitable patients and on the use of adequate therapeutic dosage of the anticoagulant drugs under investigation. Studies that have not fulfilled this requirement have consistently failed to achieve favorable therapeutic response. The potential clinical use of Malayan pit viper venom-fraction 6 (Arvin®), urokinase, and purified streptokinase, each a potent antithrombotic agent, is now under intensive investigation. The status of these studies is reviewed. Platelet thrombi have been resistant to treatment, and new studies with acetylsalicylic acid and other drugs are under way. Many drugs interact in a variety of ways with oral anticoagulants, and this must be considered in the application of anticoagulant therapy.
Wall Street and Health Care
Authors: Robert Kuttner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

During the 1990s, the delivery of health care services was increasingly influenced by the demands of investors and investor-owned firms. A growing number of hospitals, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), nursing homes, home care services, and hospices became for-profit companies, publicly traded on stock exchanges. Companies formed to fill particular niches, such as those that manage physicians' practices and utilization-review firms, became Wall Street favorites. The buying and selling of health-industry assets, as fungible commodities, intensified. In the meantime, traditional for-profit entities such as medical-device and drug companies continued to thrive. In the early part of the decade, the performance of . . .
Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies
Authors: S. E. Brien, P. E. Ronksley, B. J. Turner, K. J. Mukamal, W. A. Ghali
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To systematically review interventional studies of the effects of alcohol consumption on 21 biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease in adults without known cardiovascular disease.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Medline (1950 to October 2009) and Embase (1980 to October 2009) without limits.Two reviewers independently selected studies that examined adults without known cardiovascular disease and that compared fasting levels of specific biological markers associated with coronary heart disease after alcohol use with those after a period of no alcohol use (controls). 4690 articles were screened for eligibility, the full texts of 124 studies reviewed, and 63 relevant articles selected.Of 63 eligible studies, 44 on 13 biomarkers were meta-analysed in fixed or random effects models. Quality was assessed by sensitivity analysis of studies grouped by design. Analyses were stratified by type of beverage (wine, beer, spirits). Alcohol significantly increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled mean difference 0.094 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.064 to 0.123), apolipoprotein A1 (0.101 g/L, 0.073 to 0.129), and adiponectin (0.56 mg/L, 0.39 to 0.72). Alcohol showed a dose-response relation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (test for trend P = 0.013). Alcohol decreased fibrinogen levels (-0.20 g/L, -0.29 to -0.11) but did not affect triglyceride levels. Results were similar for crossover and before and after studies, and across beverage types.Favourable changes in several cardiovascular biomarkers (higher levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin and lower levels of fibrinogen) provide indirect pathophysiological support for a protective effect of moderate alcohol use on coronary heart disease.
Full-length complementary DNA of hepatitis C virus genome from an infectious blood sample
Authors: Hideki Aizaki, Yoichiro Aoki, Takashi Harada, Koji Ishii, Tetsuro Suzuki, Seishi Nagamori, Gotaro Toda, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Tatsuo Miyamura
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We constructed a full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clone of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from a blood sample of an HCV carrier. The blood from the carrier was eventually transfused to a patient who later developed typical posttransfusion hepatitis C. It was also shown to be infectious to chimpanzees. We obtained 12 overlapping cDNA fragments altogether, covering the entire HCV genome. By subcloning and sequencing, clones considered to constitute the major population were selected. We could also detect 98 base pairs of extra sequences at the 3′ end of the genome. After confirming the overlapping sequences, we combined the fragments to make a full-length cDNA. The HCV population in the donor was heterogeneous, as determined by their nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region in envelope protein, but a few virus clones were selected in the recipient after transmission. The similar convergence of the virus population was previously observed when the same blood sample was injected into a chimpanzee. Interestingly, virus clones isolated during the acute phase in the recipient and the chimpanzee had sequences in the hypervariable region identical to that of the full-length cDNA clone. The full-length cDNA clone of HCV constructed in this study may originate from infectious virus clones.
Pathology Annual, vol 8:1973
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Anyone practicing a discipline that identifies its role as "the study of disease" must resign himself to mastering a continually shrinking fraction of available information. In this Annual, the 15 articles survey an impressive range of organs, techniques, diseases, and theoretical formulations, conveying an impression of rapid but disconnected expansion in all directions. Several contributions combine results from more than one technique, affording a welcome breadth of perspective, notably the reports on black lung disease, neonatal respiratory distress, and breast diseases. Two articles on the liver and one on intraepithelial neoplasm of the uterine cervix employ the classical approach, which uses predominantly light microscopy as a tool for clinicopathologic evaluation. Three articles on electron microscopy stand more as catalogs of esoteric observations than as useful contributions to pathophysiologic insight. To the extent that trends are apparent, neoplasia and immunopathology seem to be the most popular disease categories, while the most
Thyroid stimulation test with serum thyroxine concentration as index of thyroid response
Authors: E. S. Williams, R. P. Ekins, S. M. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A thyrotropin (T.S.H.) test is suggested which relies on the change in the concentration of serum thyroxine as the index of thyroid response to T.S.H. stimulation. Ten such tests have been carried out in healthy volunteers and 39 in patients referred for routine thyroid stimulation tests. Among the advantages of such a test are that the patient does not receive ionizing radiation; it is independent of the presence of iodide-or mercury-containing compounds; and it minimizes the number of patient visits. In remote areas the patient need not attend the specialist centre, because the T.S.H. injection can be given and the serum samples taken locally, the samples then being sent to the appropriate laboratory for assay.
LOSS OF MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTILITY INDUCED IN ISOLATED MAMMALIAN HEARTS BY STREPTOLYSIN O
Authors: Aaron Kellner, Alan W. Bernheimer, Arthur S. Carlson, Elizabeth B. Freeman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

When solutions containing minute quantities of streptolysin O, previously activated with cysteine, were added to a salt and glucose medium that was being perfused by way of the coronary arteries through the vigorously beating isolated hearts of guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats, the amplitude of myocardial contraction decreased abruptly, often to zero. The effect was usually accompanied by a diminution in the flow of perfusion fluid, probably owing to spasm of the coronary arteries. The diminution in coronary flow was transitory, however, lasting as a rule only 2 or 3 minutes, while the loss of myocardial contractile power was permanent and irreversible. No decrease in myocardial contractility was obtained when the streptolysin O was not previously activated with cysteine, or when the streptolysin O was inhibited by cholesterol or by specific antibody, the findings pointing to streptolysin O as the active cardiotoxic agent.