tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic measurement of prosthetic heart valve action
Authors: G. MCILMOYLE, D. A. R. ROBERTSON, W. N. MCDICKEN, D. H. EVANS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

An in-vitro study has been made of the echo patterns obtained during ultrasonic Time-Motion (T-M) scanning of commonly used prosthetic heart valves. Studies have been undertaken of Starr-Edwards, Beal, and Björk-Shilley valves. From the recorded traces information has been obtained regarding the orientations of the ultrasound beam to the central axes of the valves for which accurate measurements can be made. The orientations have been determined for which the opening and closing times of the valves can be measured to within 20 ms. Characteristics of the T-M trances have been noted which allow the angle between the direction of an ultrasound beam and a central valve axis to be reduced to less than 20 degrees. This makes the error due to angular misalignment of the beam less than --6% when the range of movement of a ball, disc, or flap is being measured. Finally a number of artefacts are considered which can arise when prosthetic valves are examined with ultrasound.
Alteration of human erythrocyte membrane properties by complement fixation.
Authors: J R Durocher, J P Gockerman, M E Conrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Erythrocyte survival studies of complement-coated radiolabeled erythrocytes have shown rapid removal of these cells from the peripheral blood with a return of these cells into the circulation within a few hours. We studied complement-coated human erythrocytes and measured surface charge and deformability, two parameters believed to be important in erythrocyte survival. Erythrocytes were coated with complement by two in vitro techniques: the addition of (a) low ionic strength sucrose, and (b) IgM cold agglutinins. Erythrocytes obtained from three patients with cold agglutinin disease were used as a source of in vivo complement-coated cells. No difference was found in surface charge as measured by electrophoretic mobility between erythrocytes from normal subjects and complement-coated erythrocytes from any of the three sources. When deformability was measured by filtration through 3-mum polycarbonate sieves, marked decreases in deformability were found in complement-coated erythrocytes. The filtration returned toward control levels by incubating the complement-coated erythrocytes in serum for 1 h and correlated with decreases in immune adherence. Using screen filtration pressure as a measure of deformability, a positive correlation between number of C3 molecules per erythrocyte and decreased deformability was found. C3b appeared responsible for the decreased deformability of the erythrocytes, since conversion of C3b to C3d resulted in a return of deformability toward normal. The data suggested that the sequestration of complement-coated human erythrocytes in the microvasculature can be explained in part by decreased deformability and changes in immune adherence.
Migration of Polytetrafluoroethylene—Polytef-Reply
Authors: A. A. Malizia
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Although over 1,000 patients, both adult and children, have received periurethral injection of polytef paste, the Food and Drug Administration has approved the paste for one usage only—injection into the vocal cord. To our knowledge, the periurethral injection of polytef was first described in the literature by Berg 1 in 1973. In his letter, Dr Politano discusses animal studies in dogs and guinea pigs, yet these studies have not been published. In case reports published by Dr Politano concerning his technique, the question of migration was not addressed or discussed until after our original article was presented at the 1983 national meeting of the American Urological Association. 2 Had such migration been reported in the literature, there would have been no need for our study.  Dr Politano further compares the migration of polytef particles with that of silicone particles from genitourinary prostheses. These comments are based on our unpublished
Website of the week: Calculating risks
Authors: M. Muminovic
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Risk factors are behaviours, conditions, inherited traits, or lifestyle choices that increase a person's chances of developing a disease, or of that disease deteriorating. Several of these factors can be modified, treated, or controlled; some cannot. One of this week's letters (p 548) tackles communicating risk. With the expansion of the worldwide web, there are now interactive online tools that people like to try to calculate their risks.

The American Heart Association (www.americanheart.org) presents Heart Profilers, subtitled “Your Treatment Decision Tools.” Heart Profilers provides patients and their physicians with medical information and risks on atrial fibrillation, cholesterol, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and high blood pressure. It takes only about 20 minutes to sign in, create an extensive personalised profile, and generate a report. Based on the responses given on the guided questionnaire, risk factors for selected conditions are organised into broad categories. Using the most current and significant published scientific studies, the tool guides patients to make educated decisions about treatments for chronic disease.

Another series of profilers, this time about different types of cancer, can be found at www.cancerfacts.com. These profilers employ the same user interface as they are, like Heart Profilers, developed by the same company, NexCura.

People who have two or more risk factors for heart disease might find a useful tool at the site of the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (www.nhlbisupport.com/chd1/tx2.asp). This calculates a “risk score”—that is, the chance of having a heart attack in the next 10 years, given as a percentage. Even if the percentage represents bad news, there are recommendations, tips, and quizzes aimed at reducing the risk.

Another online tool at the same site (www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmicalc.htm) can calculate your body mass index, put you in one of four categories, and assess the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. This BMI calculator can be downloaded from http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/bmi_palm.htm for use on Palm OS handheld devices. If you need to diminish your BMI results, Menu Planner at http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/menuplanner/menu.cgi can calculate calories for your meals.
X-linked ichthyosis and ichthyosis vulgaris. Clinical and genetic distinctions in a second series of families
Authors: R. S. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1967)

From hospital records and referral by dermatologists 204 persons were ascertained through 75 probands who had inherited ichthyosis either as an autosomal dominant or as an X-linked recessive trait. Clinical examination of 148 of these patients confirmed previously recorded differences between the two varieties. Further features are described which may enable the sporadic case to be properly classified. Histological differences were also confirmed. In the X-linked families an effect of the gene was marked in one of the many heterozygous females. The Xg groups of the families finally established measurable distance between the locus for this X-linked blood group system and the locus for the X-linked form of ichthyosis, a linkage which had already seemed probable from studies of a series of families in Oxford, England, and Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Use of 111In-Pentetreotide Scan in a Subject With Treatment Refractory Atypical Meningioma
Authors: Gonca G. Bural, Frank Lieberman, James M. Mountz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 57-year-old man with a history of multiple recurrent atypical meningiomas (World Health Organization grade II) had several surgical resections including γ knife resection of the parafalcine meningioma, followed with a stereotactic radiosurgical ablation. Despite these treatments, an MRI scan performed 7 months later showed progression of the disease. The patient remained symptomatic with intermittent severe headaches associated with nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbance. He had a positive In-pentetreotide indicating the presence of somatostatin receptors. Therefore, he was placed on systemic Sandostatin (octreotide acetate) treatment, and at follow-up, he was clinically responsive to treatment.
Hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients: Increased variability in the hypervariable envelope coding domain
Authors: K E Sherman, C Andreatta, J O’Brien, A Gutierrez, R Harris
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Patients coinfected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studied with regard to nucleotide sequence variability in the E2/NS1 first hypervariable region of the HCV genome. The nucleotide variability within individual patients was compared to patients infected only with HCV. The proportion of predicted synonymous and nonsynonymous amino acid changes, and the relationship to putative high-antigenicity sites, were evaluated in the hypervariable envelope domain. Ninety-one clones from 10 patients with HCV/HIV coinfection were sequenced, following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the hypervariable region. The control HCV group included 53 clones from 7 patients. Sequence analysis encompassed the region coding for amino acids 384 to 414. Consensus sequences from each patient were used as the internal standard for nonsynonymous amino acid codon variability. Cumulative proportional comparison at each amino acid site revealed increased variability in HCV RNA from patients with HCV/HIV coinfection versus HCV alone (P < .05). The greatest variability was observed at amino acids 386, 397, 400, 402, 405, 407, and 414, with >l0 percent clonal variation at these sites. Jameson-Wolf plots were used to predict putative high-antigenicity domains. Nonsynonymous clonal variation resulted in alteration of putative antigenic sites within the hypervariable region. All clones had at least one high-probability site. Clones with unique predicted antigenic domains were observed more frequently in HIV/HCV coinfected patients, and, independent of viral titer, were consistent with increased sequence variability. These data suggest an accumulation of envelope variants in the HCV/HIV coinfected patients, which could be related to ineffective viral clearance, and may help explain prior reports of interferon (IFN) resistance in this patient group.
Cancer incidence among welders: possible effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) and to welding fumes.
Authors: R M Stern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Epidemiological studies of cancer incidence among welders disclose a pooled total of 146 cases of leukemia observed versus 159.46 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92, and 40 cases of acute leukemia observed versus 43.39 expected, a risk ratio of 0.92. For respiratory tract cancer, the pooled total is 1789 cases observed versus 1290.7 expected, a risk ratio of 1.39. Most electric welders are exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) (magnetic flux densities of up to 100,000 microT), a suspected leukemogen, and to concentrated metallic aerosols (up to 200 mg/m3), which can contain the putative respiratory tract carcinogens Cr(VI) and Ni. The two exposures are usually coincident, since welding with an electric current produces welding fumes. The observation of an excess risk for respiratory tract cancer strongly suggests significant exposure both to fumes and to ELF. The absence of increased risk for all leukemia or for acute leukemia among ELF-exposed welders does not support the hypothesis that the observed excess risk for leukemia or acute leukemia among workers in the electrical trades is due to their ELF exposure, which on the average is lower than that of welders.
Pelioid-Type Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as a Hepatic Hemangioma on Technetium-99m Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy
Authors: EUN-KYUNG JI, JIN-SOOK RYU, GYEONG HOON KANG, DAE HYUK MOON, YONG-HO AUH, HEE KYUNG LEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Technetium-99m red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy is a very specific method to differentiate a hemangioma from other hepatic masses. The authors report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma that showed a focal area of increased uptake on Tc-99m RBC SPECT in a 60-year-old man. Dynamic computed tomography and angiography revealed features of both hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathologic examination showed that the portion of the hepatocellular carcinoma that showed increased uptake on Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy had peliosis, which is the likely cause of the radiotracer avidity.
How telemedicine helps
Authors: Anthony C Smith, Victor Patterson, Richard E Scott
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Last year Stott and Godlee asked what we as health professionals can do about climate change.1 Traditional medical practice generates considerable carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases through travel. Yet many medical interactions can be delivered by telephone, videoconferencing, or email (telemedicine) as effectively as face to face. The balance between environmental benefits (and costs) of telemedicine is being examined in a …
<i>NOTCH</i> Signaling Is Required for Formation and Self-Renewal of Tumor-Initiating Cells and for Repression of Secretory Cell Differentiation in Colon Cancer
Authors: Shaheen S. Sikandar, Kira T. Pate, Scott Anderson, Diana Dizon, Robert A. Edwards, Marian L. Waterman, Steven M. Lipkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

NOTCH signaling is critical for specifying the intestinal epithelial cell lineage and for initiating colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancers (CRC). Based on evidence that NOTCH is important for the maintenance and self-renewal of cancer-initiating cells in other malignancies, we studied the role of NOTCH signaling in colon cancer-initiating cells (CCIC). Tumors formed by CCICs maintain many properties of the primary CRCs from which they were derived, such as glandular organization, cell polarity, gap junctions, and expression of characteristic CRC molecular markers. Furthermore, CCICs have the property of self-renewal. In this study, we show that NOTCH signaling is 10- to 30-fold higher in CCIC compared with widely used colon cancer cell lines. Using small-molecule inhibition and short hairpin RNA knockdown, we show that NOTCH prevents CCIC apoptosis through repression of cell cycle kinase inhibitor p27 and transcription factor ATOH1. NOTCH is also critical to intrinsic maintenance of CCIC self-renewal and the repression of secretory cell lineage differentiation genes such as MUC2. Our findings describe a novel human cell system to study NOTCH signaling in CRC tumor initiation and suggest that inhibition of NOTCH signaling may improve CRC chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sharon Parmet, Cassio Lynm, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderO bsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood but may begin in childhood.When OCD starts in childhood, it is more common in boys than in girls.The usual time of onset is later for females than males, so the disorder is equally common among adult men and women.Without treatment, OCD usually follows a chronic course, and some persons become severely disabled by it.This Patient Page is based on one published in the October 27, 2004, issue of JAMA.
Capacity of a Cationic Exchange Resin ("Zeo-Karb 225") in vivo
Authors: P. Fourman
Journal: BMJ (1953)

CHLOROPHYLL AS A DEODORANT MEDBRTJUH detected in further specimens of urine passed about 12 hours later.It is concluded that, in this observer, chlorophyll in doses at least 25 times greater than those usually recommended was valueless in preventing the characteristic smell of the urine following ingestion of asparagus.It was also noted that the smell of the faeces was unaffected by this large dose of chlorophyll.I have confirmed these findings in similar manner, and have also found that the oral administration of 800 mg. of chlorophyll daily for a week did not remove the odour of urine, faeces, or axillary perspiration.So much has been made of the alleged deodorant effect of chlorophyll on the urine of persons who have eaten asparagus that it would be helpful if a large number of doctors would themselves repeat this simple experiment.The experience would be in the best tradition of the advice offered to Jenner by John Hunter. ConclusionsExposure of methylmercaptan gas in a closed system to water-soluble chlorophyll did not reduce the amount of gas passing over to an indicator, compared with a control.Exposure of small quantities of methylmercaptan gas to water-soluble chlorophyll in a closed system for up to three days did not remove the smell of mercaptan.Mixtures of water-soluble chlorophyll and various strong-smelling solutions did not remove the smell of these solutions even after exposure for one or more months.Clinical trials are reported in which the smell of urine, faeces, sweat, and of urine after ingestion of asparagus was not removed after taking large numbers of chlorophyll tablets.
GPs' prescribing behaviour may be affected by drug promotion
Authors: P. S Gill, N. Freemantle, L. Bero, F. Haaijer-Ruskamp, M. Markela, K. P Barjesteh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—David Armstrong and colleagues studied why doctors changed their prescribing behaviour over six months and found that multiple factors were involved.1 We would add several points.

Firstly, it is surprising that the authors mention the role of drug promotion only …
CAROTID PLAQUE INFLAMMATION AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR FOR THE PRESENCE AND EXTENT OF SEVERE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS EVALUATED FOR CHEST PAIN
Authors: Maria I. Drakopoulou, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Georgios Benetos, Charalampia Nikolaou, George Trantalis, Koutagiar Iosif, Charalampos Grassos, Elias Siores, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Depression and Risk of Stroke—Reply
Authors: An Pan, Frank B. Hu
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vasodilatation associated with hepatocellular disease: relation to functional organ failure.
Authors: S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1990)

Leading articleVasodilatation associated with hepatocellular disease: relation to functional organ failureThe patient with hepatocellular disease shows marked vasodilatation, with opening of arteriovenous shunts in almost all vascular territories including the skin, muscle, kidneys, lungs, portal venous system and even the brain.These circulatory changes can be related to general tissue hypoxia, to functional renal and pulmonary failure, to portal venous hypertension and perhaps to cerebral oedema.The agents responsible remain unknown.Candidates include' glucagon and prostaglandins: local tissue factors may contribute.The hyperdynamic circulation found in patients with hepatocellular disease, particularly cirrhosis, is well known.' The effect of these circulatory changes, and particularly the profound vasodilatation has only recently been investigated in detail.This paper provides an overview ofthe general vasodilatory state and its effect on various organs.It also discusses the mechanisms and the various vasoactive substances that might be responsible.on July 9,
Methadone Treatment of Heroin Addicts
Authors: Robert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your publication of Dobbs' article and the accompanying EDITORIAL did, as you predicted, raise some eyebrows. As Director of the Narcotics Treatment Administration (NTA) and as one of the people intimately involved in its creation in February 1970,I can hardly claim to be unbiased. I am also acutely aware that research into all forms of narcotics treatment is urgently needed and must be encouraged. NTA has itself made a major commitment to research and has published and submitted for publication more than a dozen studies on the subjects of narcotics addiction and its treatment.<sup>1-4</sup>Many of these studies were available to Dobbs although he did not use them or the professional NTA research staff. Even though research is urgently needed, it is extremely important in this controversial field where so much new is going on that published research be accurate and that conclusions drawn be based
A SIMPLE NEEDLE-HOLDER.
Authors: WILLIAM E. GROUND
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The multiplicity of needle-holding devices attests the lack of an instrument that meets the requirements of the busy surgeon. Most of them, if so constructed that they will hold a needle securely, are complicated and clumsy, requiring an unnecessary loss of time in locking and unlocking. A great deal of ingenuity has been expended on the construction of a jaw that would hold any needle and with this have gone complicated-locking mechanisms, so that when in actual use the average needle-holder was about as unhandy as it was possible to make a useful article. The different patterns of needles are as varied as are the needle-holders, so that the technic of wound suture is anything but satisfactory to the majority of operators. It has been my object to simplify both needles and needle-holders and to limit the kind used to a few effective styles of needles, and to devise a
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and arthritis in man.
Authors: L A Hernandez, G E Urquhart, W C Dick
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Seven patients developed arthritis after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Their joint symptoms persisted for up to one year. One patient developed an articular erosion and in another rheumatoid factor was present in serum transiently. Mycoplasma infection often causes ill-defined arthralgias and myalgias, but the migratory polyarthropathy of middle-sized joints that occurred in these patients is much less common. The prognosis seems to be good.