tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
History of the Second World War; United Kingdom Medical Series. The Army Medical Services; Campaigns. Volume IV: Northwest Europe
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To recount historical events so near an author in time is a tremendous undertaking, as, generally, objective perspective has not had a sufficient amount of time to become well-developed. The editor of this volume, however, has done a commendable job in commingling the military progress of the attack on Hitler's<i>Festung Europa</i>and the medical problems incurred by the British and Canadian forces in such a campaign. There is an extensive account of the military progress of the liberation of the continent from D-Day to the occupation of Germany at the war's end. This section is replete with numerous military maps and an almost daily log of the progress of the troops. The planning for the care of the sick and injured was a gigantic task. Yet all the information on this vital part of the war effort is given in detail from the inception of the invasion plans up
Unconscious influences on decision making in blindsight
Authors: Berit Brogaard, Kristian Marlow, Kevin Rice
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Newell & Shanks (N&S) argue that an explanation for blindsight need not appeal to unconscious brain processes, citing research indicating that the condition merely reflects degraded visual experience. We reply that other evidence suggests blindsighters' predictive behavior under forced choice reflects cognitive access to low-level visual information that does not correlate with visual consciousness. Therefore, while we grant that visual consciousness may be required for full visual experience, we argue that it may not be needed for decision making and judgment.
Treatment of Varicose Ulcer
Authors: F. A. E. Silcock
Journal: BMJ (1940)

<h3>Background</h3> Focal hand dystonia has been associated with morphometric changes and distorted somatotopic representations in the putamen. <h3>Objective</h3> The authors used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify regions in the putamen where grey-matter volume is associated with musician9s dystonia (MD) or the skill level of piano playing in professional pianists. <h3>Methods</h3> In 11 pianists with MD affecting the right hand and 12 healthy pianists without dystonia, the authors performed high-resolution T1-weighted MRI of the brain. The authors also measured the temporal variability of key strokes during scale playing with the right hand to characterise the individual skill level of piano playing. Statistical comparisons of the normalised and smoothed grey-matter maps were performed to test for dystonia and performance-related structural changes in the putamen. <h3>Results</h3> During scale playing, the timing of consecutive key strokes was more variable in MD patients than in non-dystonic pianists. Regional grey-matter volume in the middle part of left and right putamen increased with timing variability during piano playing in pianists with and without MD. Between-group comparisons revealed that MD patients had a larger grey-matter volume in the right middle putamen compared with healthy musicians. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In highly trained pianists with and without MD, the volume of the associative motor territory in the middle putamen reflects both the skill level of piano playing and the presence of dystonia. While a smaller volume is associated with better timing skills, a relative expansion is correlated with the presence of focal task-specific hand dystonia.
Rat hepatic stellate cells contribute to the acute-phase response with increased expression of α1(I) and α1(IV) collagens, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and matrix-metalloproteinase-2 messenger RNAs
Authors: Natalia Nieto, Jose A. Dominguez-Rosales, Luis Fontana, Adriana Salazar, Juan Armendariz-Borunda, Patricia Greenwel, Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The acute-phase response (APR) represents a systemic reaction of the organism to multiple nonspecific inflammatory stimuli. In general, it is protective for the host, and hepatocytes are the main cells responding with alterations in the expression of a set of liver-specific proteins named the acute-phase proteins. We have previously shown that although a turpentine-induced APR is not fibrogenic per se, it enhances collagen deposition in rats treated with CCl4 and up-regulates expression of hepatic α1(I) collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In this report we extended our studies and showed that turpentine induced, in a time-dependent manner, expression of α1(I) and α1(IV) collagens, TIMP-1, and matrix-metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) mRNAs. We further showed that expression of these mRNAs occurs in hepatic stellate cells, but not in hepatocytes obtained 6 hours after the induction of an APR episode. These changes were accompanied by increased blood levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) without noticeable immediate changes in the expression of their respective mRNAs in the liver. In contrast to CCl4-induced liver damage, turpentine alone, whether administered as a single dose or as a weekly dose for 3 weeks did not up-regulate expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and did not result in excess collagen deposition. Overall, these findings suggest that collagen deposition in the livers of rats with repeated APR episodes may be enhanced only when given together with a fibrogenic stimulus that activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and/or up-regulates TGF-β1 mRNA expression.
Alternate Patterns of Premature Ventricular Excitation During Induced Atrial Bigeminy
Authors: STAFFORD I. COHEN, SUN H. LAU, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, ANTHONY N. DAMATO
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Alternate patterns of premature ventricular excitation have been observed during induced atrial bigeminy in 18 subjects, including five normal volunteers. Each study was performed in the cardiac catheterization suite where a transvenous catheter electrode was positioned in the right atrium. Coupled or paired stimuli were delivered to the atrium by an isolated battery-powered source at an adjusted interval which resulted in alternate patterns of ventricular excitation from alternate premature beats ("alternating premature ventricular excitation"). In most instances "alternating premature ventricular excitation" occurred when parameters of preceding cycle length, premature coupling interval, and atrioventricular conduction time were constant. In man also some observations were made of His bundle excitation during premature atrial stimulation, and in the intact dog heart some observations were made of alternating premature ventricular excitation during His bundle stimulation. A tenable explanation for alternating premature ventricular excitation is advanced which rests on three postulates: (1) A long cycle length is followed by a long refractory period. (2) The refractory period of each branch of the specialized conduction system is dependent on its preceding cycle length or recovery period; and (3) the diastolic recovery period of a blocked segment of the specialized conduction system is shorter than the recovery period when blockade does not occur.
Drugs agency reminds companies of duty to report side effects
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The London based European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products is reminding pharmaceutical companies of their responsibility to report any previously unknown side effects that might emerge when new drugs are put on the market.

The initiative reflects the agency's determination since the start of the year to emphasise its establishment of a strong pharmaceutical vigilance system to ensure the safety of drugs, in addition to its role of granting licences for new products.

Under existing rules companies have to report any adverse effects …
Recombinant alpha interferon for chronic hepatitis B in anti-HIV positive patients receiving zidovudine.
Authors: P Marcellin, N Boyer, J F Colin, M Martinot-Peignoux, V Lefort, S Matheron, S Erlinger, J P Benhamou
Journal: Gut (1993)

In this pilot study of the effects of interferon alfa in 10 anti-HIV positive, chronic hepatitis B patients treated with zidovudine (AZT), tolerance to interferon was good and similar to that in anti-HIV negative patients. After treatment, the HIV stage and CD4 lymphocyte count were unchanged. In two patients hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) disappeared and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) returned to normal; loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with absence of histopathological activity was observed after treatment in one of these patients. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by a larger study.
Modulation of ICAM-1 expression in human alveolar macrophages in vitro
Authors: M Fattal-German, FL Ladurie, J Cerrina, F Lecerf, S Berrih-Aknin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Modulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression may be a basic mechanism by which alveolar macrophages (AMs) regulate the inflammatory process in the lung in response to local stimuli. As a model for studying the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs on human AMs, we investigated the effects of fusafungine, an antibiotic for local use by aerosol with anti-inflammatory properties, and that of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, on ICAM-1 expression induced in vitro by recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). ICAM-1 protein expression was studied on AMs by means of flow cytometry with an anti-CD54 monoclonal antibody; messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ICAM-1 was expressed before culture on 21% of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, with low intensity. Culture for 24 h with rIFN-gamma resulted in a significant increase in ICAM-1 protein expression (82% of cells were strongly positive). Fusafungine significantly inhibited rIFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1-protein expression on AMs in a concentration-dependent fashion. The mechanism of ICAM-1 downregulation was mainly post-transcriptional, but also partly transcriptional. By contrast, dexamethasone did not influence rIFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression. This in vitro model using human AMs should prove useful for investigating the cellular and molecular targets of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Mutually Assured Destruction
Authors: Adam Possner
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arrival of Excitation at the Right Ventricular Apical Endocardium in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Type B
Authors: BENJAMIN BEFELER, AGUSTIN CASTELLANOS, CESAR A. CASTILLO, ABDUL S. AGHA, M. CELESTE VAGUEIRO, ROBERT J. MYERBURG
Journal: Circulation (1973)

His bundle and bipolar right ventricular apex (RVA) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) catheter electrograms taken from sites 1 mm apart were recorded simultaneously with various surface leads in two patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) type B. In "fusion" beats the presence of a normal H-RVA interval indicated that the apex of the right ventricle was activated by the impulse emerging from the right branch. On the other hand, a shorter-than-normal H-RVA interval implied that the RVA was depolarized by the activation front propagating from the pre-excited site. When this occurred, the V-RVA intervals gave a rough estimate of conduction time from pre-excited area to RVA. The values obtained (40 and 50 msec, respectively) were shorter than in two other patients with WPW type A. The arrival of excitation patterns in the right ventricular endocardium were similar in WPW type B and in beats produced by RVA stimulation but differed markedly from that of left anterior hemiblock even when the surface electrocardiographic leads showed abnormal left axis deviation in all instances. This resemblance between ventricular complexes attributed to WPW type B and those resulting from stimulation of an inferior (apical) site suggests, but does not prove, that the impulses propagated from an equivalent region of the right ventricle. These simultaneously recorded His bundle and right ventricular endocardial electrograms during electrical stimulation of the heart have increased our knowledge of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Real-time tissue elastography in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: C. Dietrich, T. Hirche, M. Ott, A. Ignee
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography distinguishes tissues on the basis of their specific consistency. The preoperative diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is of the utmost importance in order to avoid surgery. The aim of this prospective evaluation of five patients was to investigate the role of this new technique in the characterization of mass lesions caused by AIP, with histology as the gold standard. All five patients with AIP presented with a characteristic stiff elastographic pattern not only of the mass lesion but also of the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma, which was not found in 17 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma and 10 healthy subjects. EUS elastography of the pancreas shows a typical and unique finding with homogenous stiffness of the whole organ, and this distinguishes AIP from the circumscribed mass lesion in ductal adenocarcinoma.
Cooking fuel smoke and respiratory symptoms among women in low-income areas in Maputo.
Authors: A Ellegård
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The association between exposure to air pollution from cooking fuels and health aspects was studied in Maputo. Mozambique. Almost 1200 randomly selected women residing in the suburbs of Maputo were interviewed and 218 were monitored for air pollution. The fuels most commonly used were wood, charcoal, electricity, and liquified petroleum gas (LPG). Wood users were exposed to significantly higher levels of particulate pollution during cooking time (1200 micrograms/m3) than charcoal users (540 micrograms/m3) and users of modern fuels (LPG and electricity) (200-380 micrograms/m3). Wood users were found to have significantly more cough symptoms than other groups. This association remained significant when controlling for a large number of environmental variables. There was no difference in cough symptoms between charcoal users and users of modern fuels. Other respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, and inhalation and exhalation difficulties were not associated with wood use. Reducing wood use would likely improve acute respiratory health effects in wood users and possibly improve the ambient air pollution conditions in Maputo. To reduce the health impact of wood smoke exposure, it appears that the least costly and quickest method would be to encourage charcoal use to a greater extent, although high carbon monoxide levels would have to be addressed. Turning to modern fuels is beyond the means of most these households in the short term and could not be shown to be more effective.
Abstract 1051: Metastasis suppressor CD82 functions as a negative regulator in the adhesion-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Hee-Jung Byun, Yong-Sun Lee, Young-June Jin, Jae-Sub Lee, Young-Myeong Kim, Hansoo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tetraspanin CD82 suppresses cancer metastasis by inhibiting cell motility and invasiveness. In an effect to reveal the mechanism underlying the metastasis-suppressing role of CD82, we here examined the effect of CD82 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical event of cancer cells that promotes migration and invasion. In human prostate cancer cell lines, an increase in CD82 expression levels by exogenous gene delivery elevated E-cadherin levels, but decreased the levels of mesenchymal cell proteins including Snail, Twist, vimentin, N-cadhherin, and α-smooth muscle actin, suggesting EMT-suppressing role of CD82. Also, increased CD82 expression resulted in decreased motility and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. In contrast, CD82 knockdown decreased E-cadherin levels, but increased the levels of mesenchymal cell proteins, together with cell morphology change to fibroblast-like shape. CD82 also interfered with TGF-β1- and Wnt-induced EMT. Additionally, CD82 decreased expression of β-catenin target genes such as c-myc and cyclin D1 by inhibiting nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Notably, the negative effect of CD82 on EMT was apparent on cells adhered to fibronectin. Fibronectin-binding α3β1/α5β1 integrins were involved in CD82-mediated inhibition of EMT. Importantly, human prostate cancer tissue specimens displayed a positive correlation of CD82 with E-cadherin expression levels, along with a negative correlation of CD82 with vimentin levels. Moreover, both CD82 and E-cadherin levels were inversely correlated with the malignant progression stages of human prostate cancers. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that CD82 suppresses motility and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting EMT in an α3β1/α5β1 integrin-dependent manner. Citation Format: Hee-Jung Byun, Yong-Sun Lee, Young-June Jin, Jae-Sub Lee, Young-Myeong Kim, Hansoo Lee. Metastasis suppressor CD82 functions as a negative regulator in the adhesion-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1051. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1051
Book Review Therapy of Systemic Rheumatic Disorders Edited by Leo B.A. Van de Putte, Daniel E. Furst, H. James Williams, and Piet L.C.M. van Riel. 709 pp. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1998. $225. 0-8247-9516-4
Authors: Barry Bresnihan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Howard Hassard
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current Judgments on Metabolic Control and Complications in Diabetes
Authors: Frederick M. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE problem of most immediate theoretical and practical importance in diabetes is the causation of complications. Do they result from disturbance of the phase of metabolism that is mediated by insulin? Are they therefore preventable by a diet-insulin combination that restores normality according to standard laboratory tests? Or, on the other hand, are the so-called complications an inevitable part or sequel of the disease? Are they uninfluenced by sugar control, or only partly preventable? These questions put the complications on a par with the fatty liver of totally depancreatized dogs, implying an additional chemical or hormonal factor, which must be . . .
Alloreactive cytolytic T cell clones with dual recognition of HLA-B27 and HLA-DR2 antigens. Selective involvement of CD8 in their class I--directed cytotoxicity.
Authors: P Aparicio, D Jaraquemada, J A López de Castro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

HLA-B27- responder cells were stimulated in vitro with HLA-B27.1+ lymphoblastoid cell lines, and alloreactive CTL clones were obtained by limiting dilution. Three of these clones specifically lysed B27.1+ targets. In addition, they also lysed homozygous DR2 targets with various degrees of efficiency, depending on the Dw specificity of the target cell. All three clones possessed a homogeneous CD3+,CD8+,CD4- phenotype and were also homogeneous upon subcloning. Cold-target inhibition analyses showed mutual inhibition of B27.1 target lysis by DR2 targets and vice versa. Lysis of B27.1 targets was selectively inhibited by anti-class I mAbs. In contrast, lysis of DR2 targets was inhibited only by anti-class II and anti-DR monomorphic antibodies, but not by anti-class I, anti-DQw1, or anti-DP antibodies. The results indicate that these clones display dual recognition for HLA-B27.1 and for HLA-DR2 and suggest that HLA-B27.1 may share at least one epitope that is closely related to some stimulatory Dw determinants present on the HLA-DR2 antigens. Lysis of both B27+ and DR+ targets was inhibited by an anti-CD3 mAb. In contrast, an anti-CD8 antibody selectively inhibited the B27- but not the DR2-directed killing by these clones. The data support a stabilizing role of CD8 through its binding to the same class I (but not class II) molecule on the target cell bound by the T cell antigen receptor.
Muscles Alive: Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography
Authors: Leonard F. Bender
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This second edition includes material presented in the first, just five years ago, plus six additional chapters which describe recent electromyographic research. Slight reorganization of subject matter has improved the order of presentation. Some new illustrations have been added, and the prior text has been updated. Clear type, bold illustrations, and a paucity of typographiccal errors make this edition pleasantly legible; but the inclusion of numerous references in the body of the text is annoying.  The first chapters include discussions of equipment, biomechanics, electronics, and neurophysiology. None of this information is complete or exhaustive; however, it does provide a foundation for the subsequent discussions of muscle function.  Electromyography is used extensively as a diagnostic procedure, but Dr. Basmajian has limited his electromyography to studies of muscle function. This prolific author refers to his own work so often that the book is largely a chronicle of the research in his laboratory.
Reduced Plasma Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity in Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Richard M. Weinshilboum, Julius Axelrod
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, was measured in the plasma of 146 normal subjects, 26 patients with familial dysautonomia and 33 parents ...