tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary macrophages
Authors: ML Lohmann-Matthes, C Steinmuller, G Franke-Ullmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Interest in pulmonary macrophage research has greatly increased as is now possible not only to work with the easily accessible alveolar macrophages but also with macrophages prepared from lung tissue, such as the interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells and intravascular macrophages. A fascinating aspect is that, in one organ, the modulation of macrophage functions according to their anatomical localization can be studied. This article tries to review some of the modern aspects of research on pulmonary macrophages. These include localization and origin of the various subpopulations, membrane receptors and surface markers, arachidonic acid metabolism, antimicrobial activity, cytokine production and some aspects of macrophage involvement in sarcoidosis and idiopathic lung fibrosis.
Transbronchial/transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Masahide Oki, Hideo Saka, Masahiko Ando, Chiyoe Kitagawa, Yoshihito Kogure, Misaki Ryuge, Saori Oka, Rie Tsuboi, Masafumi Nakahata, Kazumi Hori, Yukio Seki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Although combination of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) seems to be promising for the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer, only a few studies have reported on its usefulness.

Aims and objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of EBUS-TBNA and EUS-B-FNA in the preoperative hilar/mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 150 consecutive patients with potentially resectable known or suspected non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study. EBUS-TBNA was performed followed by EUS-B-FNA for N2/N3 nodes >5 mm in the shortest diameter on ultrasound images in a single session.

Results: One hundred thirty-one patients were eligible for the final analysis. Thirty of them (23%) had N2 or N3 node metastases. EBUS-TBNA was performed for 212 lymph nodes, and EUS-B-FNA for 144 lymph nodes. The sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA, EUS-B-FNA and the combined approach per patient was 57%, 50% and 80%, respectively (EBUS-TBNA vs combined approach; p = 0.016 using McNemar test). The negative predictive value was 89%, 87% and 94%, respectively. No significant complications were associated with the procedures.

Conclusion: The combined endoscopic approach with EBUS-TBNA and EUS-B-FNA is a safe and accurate method for the preoperative hilar/mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer, and better than each technique by itself.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy of distal airways in diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Anna Sotnikova, Olesya Danilevskaya, Alexander Averyanov, Fedor Zabozlaev, Victor Lesnyak, Dmitry Sazonov, Oleg Kuzovlev, Oleg Shablovsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The role of the new method distal airways visualization–confocal laser endomicroscopy (alveoscopy) in diagnostics of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) not yet established.   Aim : To study the endomicroscopic features of PAP in comparison with the symptoms of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT)   Methods : Alveoscopy was carried out to 3 patients with PAP, to 10 patients with chronic bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia and 15 with pulmonary sarcoidosis. We assessed following findings: quantity of alveolar macrophages and floating intraalveolar substances, diameter of microvessels and thickness of elastic fibers.   Results  In patients with PAP we found distinctive sign – fluorescent floating intraalveolar complexes.  Specific alveolar substances in PAP patients after treatment have been detected at alveoscopy even in the purified lung areas without crazy paving and ground glass opacity symptoms.   Conclusion  Alveoscopy in PAP patients reveals the specific symptom – significant amount of floating fluorescent complexes in alveoli both in presence and absence of HRCT symptoms.
It will take up to 31 years to deliver number of GPs promised by political parties, says RCGP
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

It will take between 20 and 31 years to achieve the number of extra GPs pledged by three political parties in the run up to the general election, the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) has said. 

An analysis published by the RCGP showed that if current trends continue patients will have to wait until 2045 for the 8000 extra GPs promised by the Labour Party and the UK Independence Party (UKIP) in their manifestos. Patients will have …
Wnt signaling induces transcription, spatial proximity, and translocation of fusion gene partners in human hematopoietic cells
Authors: Giorgia D. Ugarte, Macarena F. Vargas, Matías A. Medina, Pablo León, David Necuñir, Alvaro A. Elorza, Soraya E. Gutiérrez, Randall T. Moon, Alejandra Loyola, Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
Journal: Blood (2015)
Changes observed in slow-growing melanomas during long-term dermoscopic monitoring
Authors: V. Terushkin, S.W. Dusza, A. Scope, G. Argenziano, P. Bahadoran, L. Cowell, V. De Giorgi, G. Ferrara, H. Kittler, J. Malvehy, S. Menzies, D. Piccolo, S. Puig, P. Rubegni, I. Stanganelli, L. Thomas, I. Zalaudek, A.A. Marghoob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Melanomas vary in growth rate from rapidly developing nodular melanomas to slow-growing melanomas (SGM) that hardly change over years. Objectives To evaluate longitudinal changes in dermoscopic findings of SGM. Methods We retrospectively analysed a dermoscopic image dataset from 15 pigmented lesion clinics, of SGM that were followed sequentially by digital dermoscopy for at least 1 year. We evaluated baseline and follow-up images for changes in global pattern, organization, colours, structure and size. Results Our series consisted of 92 SGM. On follow-up, these melanomas developed the following dermoscopic findings: more homogeneous and less reticular global dermoscopic pattern; more frequent disorganization of pattern (baseline, 67% vs. follow-up, 79%); decreased prominence of light brown colour, increased prominence of dark brown colour, and increased frequency of the colours red, white, grey, blue and black (baseline: 29%, 3%, 18%, 6% and 33% vs. follow-up: 41%, 10%, 31%, 13% and 45%, respectively); decrease in prominence of dermoscopic structure of pigmented network, with a concomitant increase in prominence of structureless areas; and increased prominence or new appearance of melanoma-specific dermoscopic structures, including negative network, blue–white structures and blotches. The majority of lesions (75%) remained the same size or grew by < 2 mm in diameter. An increase in lesion size was associated with change in the total number of colours and structures (χ2 = 14·3, P = 0·027) at follow-up. Conclusions While their diameter changed minimally over time, most SGM became more disorganized, revealed loss of network in favour of structureless areas, and developed new colours.
Editorial: Can GPR43 Sensing of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Unchain Inflammasome‐Driven Arthritis?
Authors: Alexander Haslberger, Robert Terkeltaub
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Colonization of the intestine by trillions of bacteria plays important roles in gut cell physiology and in metabolism, and increasingly recognized roles in immune system homeostasis, as well as multiple major organ and rheumatologic diseases driven by innate and adaptive immune responses (1). The human intestinal microbiome vastly differs from individual to individual in both health and disease, including intestinal microbiome imbalance (“dysbiosis”) recently identified in ankylosing spondylitis (2). Moreover, differences between individuals, via factors including diet, lifestyle, use of antibiotics, prebiotics, or probiotics, and through gut microbiota-generated metabolites, further influence intestinal homeostasis, metabolic, nervous system and immune and inflammatory response pathways (3).
Effect of Adjuvant Tamoxifen on the Endometrium in Women With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study Using Office Endometrial Biopsy
Authors: R.R. Barakat, T.A. Gilewski, L. Almadrones, P.E. Saigo, E. Venkatraman, C. Hudis, W.J. Hoskins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of developing abnormal pathologic changes in the endometria of tamoxifen-treated women. To characterize the type of pathologic changes involved. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1991 and September 1998, 159 patients initiating tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer confined to the breast and axillary lymph nodes were entered in a prospective study. In this study, office endometrial biopsies (EMBs) were obtained during the initiation of tamoxifen and at 6-month intervals for a 2-year period. Three subsequent annual EMBs were recorded for each patient, amounting to a 5-year surveillance. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-nine patients with a median age of 50 years were entered onto study. Patients were assessable if EMBs were performed at least 1 year after the initiation of tamoxifen treatment. Nine patients (5.7%) were considered protocol violations. The remaining 111 assessable patients underwent a total of 635 EMBs (mean, 5.8 EMBs), with a median surveillance time of 36 months. Eighty-two (12.9%) of the 635 biopsies revealed tissue insufficient for diagnosis. Fourteen patients (12.6%) underwent dilation and curettage (D&amp;C) for an abnormal EMB, persistent bleeding, or for evaluation of adnexal masses at the time of laparoscopy. Findings at D&amp;C included complex hyperplasia (n = 1), abnormal histiocytes (n = 1), simple hyperplasia (n = 2), polyps (n = 4), endocervical polyp (n = 1), and decidualization (n = 2). Three D&amp;Cs were negative. Three patients have undergone hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: EMB was used to monitor the endometrium in the majority (95%) of breast cancer patients on tamoxifen in this trial, but the utility of routine EMB for screening in tamoxifen-treated women seems limited.
Cardio pulmonary exercise testing: Mouthpiece or a mask? Does it matter?
Authors: Jerica Sinkeldam, Piet E. Postmus, Anco Boonstra, Herman Groepenhoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Cardio pulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters can be measured with the use of a mouthpiece or a breathing mask. In clinical practice, patients often complain about a dry mouth when a mouthpiece is used which possibly influences CPET results. A more comfortable alternative, although with an increased change of leakage, is the frequently used breathing mask. Therefore we hypothesised that ventilatory CPET results measured by mouthpiece or breathing mask could be different.

Aim: To test this hypothesis we conducted this study to estimate ventilatory CPET differences between mouthpiece and breathing mask measurements.

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects performed two (3 minutes/40watt; incremental) maximal CPET measurements with steady state measurements of ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2) at sub maximum work levels. The measurements were taken on different days within one week in a different sequence. One using the mouthpiece (deadspace: 50 ml) and the other with a mask (Combitox, deadspace: 100 ml).

Results: See Table 1.

View this table:

Table 1





Conclusions: Due to the fact that the VO2 values between mouthpiece and mask measurements were not different, we concluded that the Combitox mask does not leak. However, the VE values measured with the mask were higher compared to those of the mouthpiece. This is likely explained by the higher amount of deadspace. The maximum work rate level attained with the mouthpiece or the mask was the same.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Acute and Chronic Schizophrenic Patients Regarding Ambultory Treatment
Authors: GEORGE SERBAN, ALEXANDER THOMAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Attiiudes toward and behavioral compliance with ambulatory treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenics of both sexes were examined. The results revealed a marked discrepancy between positive attitudes toward medication, outpatient care, and employment and noncompliance with these therapeutic interventions. In addition, an examination of the relationship between compliance with ambulatory treatment and the need for rehospitalization revealed that, at least for the chronic schizophrenic patient, such compliance leads to a diminished need for rehospitalization. The authors discuss these findings in terms of the different views of their illness which these patients may hold. Implications for psychiatric treatment of posthospitalized patients are also explored.
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: Initial lung function test predicts respiratory impairment
Authors: Payman Barikbin, Charles Christoph Roehr, Silke Wilitzki, Karim Kalache, Petra Degenhardt, Christoph Bührer, Gerd Schmalisch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung (CCAM) are increasingly being detected by prenatal ultrasound. Postnatal management of CCAM remains controversial.

Aims and objectives: To investigate the effect of CCAM on postnatal lung function test (LFT) parameters, and to elucidate whether LFTs help identify infants who would benefit from early surgery.

Methods: LFTs were performed in 26 CCAM infants at a median (interquartile range) postmenstrual age of 42.4 (39.6 – 44.0) weeks and compared with LFT from 30 healthy matched controls. LFTs included measurement of tidal breathing, functional residual capacity by body plethysmography (FRCpleth), respiratory mechanics (respiratory compliance (Crs), and respiratory resistance (Rrs) by occlusion test, and blood gas analysis.

Results: CCAM infants showed a breathing pattern typical for restrictive ventilation disorders with increased respiratory rate (p=0.006) and marginally decreased tidal volume (p=0.043). The Crs was significantly reduced, compared to controls (p=0.007). Particularly CCAM infants who had surgery in the first two years of life had markedly reduced Crs on initial LFT (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were seen in the Rrs, FRCpleth and capillary blood gases.

Conclusion: CCAM can cause restrictive ventilation disorders, which can be detected and monitored by postnatal LFT. Thus, LFT represents an additional tool to support the decision for or against surgery.
pDC induced Treg proliferation through PD-1/PD-L1 signal and promote tumor immune escape of lung cancer with MPE
Authors: Chuanyong Mu, Guangbo Zhang, Jianan Huang, Baofeng Qi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  To explore the mechanism of regulatory T cells (Treg) proliferation induced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) . Methods:  Flow cytometry were used to analyze and sort Treg and pDC from MPE and patient peripheral blood(PB).  Results:  The proportion of Treg and its PD-1 expression rate in MPE were significantly higher than PB. Meanwhile, the proportion of pDC and its PD-L1 expression rate in MPE were significantly higher than PB. Correlation analysis show that there was a positive correlation between PD-1 + Treg and PD-L1 + pDC. pDC sorted from MPE can be effective in inducing Treg proliferation and IL-10 secretion and reversed after sPD-1 addition.  Conclusion:  PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways is one of important factors in process of pDC inducing Treg proliferation and may contribute to immune suppressedstatus in MPE microenvironment and lung cancer cell immune escape.
Molecular impact of graphene oxide with different shape dimension on human immune cells
Authors: Marco Orecchioni, Dhifaf Jasim, Mario Pescatori, Francesco Sgarrella, Davide Bedognetti, Alberto Bianco, Kostas Kostarelos, Lucia Delogu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts In the last few years, there has been enormous interest in graphene oxide (GO) for its wide variety of applications[[1][1]]. However, for any medical application, the immune system-impact of GO still remain to be fully understood. Moreover, the modulation of immune cells mediated
Non-invasive ventilation failure predictor factors in acute respiratory infections in children
Authors: Yorschua Jalil, Felipe Damiani, Gregory Villarroel, Patricio Barañao, Helly Einisman, Claudia Astudillo, Bernardita Chateau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has proved to be successful in acute respiratory failure (ARF) of children with chronic respiratory diseases; however, there is still no consensus as to its benefits in acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).

Objective: Describe the use of NIV in ARF in acute LRTI, and seek for possible factors associated to the failure of this type of therapy.

Patients and method: Retrospective review of medical records of patients that received NIV for acute LRTI, during winter season 2010 at Hospital Josefina Martinez. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen arterial saturation and use of accessory musculature (UAM) at hours 0, 3, 12, 24 and 48 of use of NVI.

Results: Of a total of 71 patients, 51% boys, age median 13 months (2-124), the most frequent admittance diagnosis was viral pneumonia 48%, median length of stay 6 days (2-15) and median duration of NIV: 3 days (1-11). Five patients needed endotracheal intubation and transfer to intensive care unit (NIV failure group). Comparing with the rest of the patients (NIV success group), there was significant difference in age, HR, RR, and UAM, during the first 3 hours after NIV connection.

Conclusion: The use of NIV in respiratory failure in acute LRTI seems to be an effective ventilation strategy, appropriate for this population, with a high rate of success. The clinical parameters during the first 3 hours of NIV could be a useful tool at the time of redefining therapeutic options, as probable predictors of failure.
Ustekinumab does not increase body mass index in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: P. Gisondi, A. Conti, G. Galdo, S. Piaserico, C. De Simone, G. Girolomoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Ustekinumab does not increase body mass index in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a prospective cohort study Get access P. Gisondi, P. Gisondi Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Paolo Gisondi. E‐mail: paolo.gisondi@univr.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Conti, A. Conti Section of Dermatology, University of Modena, Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Galdo, G. Galdo Section of Dermatology, University of Modena, Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Piaserico, S. Piaserico Section of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. De Simone, C. De Simone Section of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Girolomoni G. Girolomoni Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 168, Issue 5, 1 May 2013, Pages 1124–1127, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12235 Published: 01 May 2013 Article history Accepted: 09 January 2013 Published: 01 May 2013
Variant forms of a group I intron in nuclear small-subunit rRNA genes of the marine red alga Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia.
Authors: M C Oliveira, M A Ragan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

A group IC1 intron occurs in nuclear small-subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of the marine red alga Porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia. This intron occurs at the same position as the self-splicing group IC1 introns in nuclear SSU rDNAs of the fungus Pneumocystis carinii and in the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea and shares sequence identity with the Pneumocystis carinii intron in domains L1, P1, P2, and L2, outside the conserved core. Three size variants, differing in amount of sequence in L1, exist and are differentially distributed in geographically distinct populations. Preliminary data suggest that the largest variant can self-splice in vitro. Short open reading frames are present but do not correspond to known genes. Repeated nucleotide motifs, reminiscent of duplicated target sites of transposons or Alu elements, are associated with the intron and with one of the variant forms of L1. Insertions are present in nuclear SSU rDNAs of several other Porphyra species and of the red alga Bangia atropurpurea; insertionless rDNA variants also occur in several Porphyra species. Our observations are most readily explained by intron mobility, although it remains unclear how transfer could have been mediated between genomes of organisms as ecologically diverse as marine red algae, freshwater green algae, and a mammalian-pathogenic fungus.
The Translocon Protein Sec61 Mediates Antigen Transport from Endosomes in the Cytosol for Cross-Presentation to CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Matthias Zehner, Andrea L. Marschall, Erik Bos, Jan-Gero Schloetel, Christoph Kreer, Dagmar Fehrenschild, Andreas Limmer, Ferry Ossendorp, Thorsten Lang, Abraham J. Koster, Stefan Dübel, Sven Burgdorf
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Multi nodular parenchymal pulmonary amyloidosis in primary Sjogren's syndrome: A case report
Authors: Fatma Sema Oymak, Ozlem Canoz, Fatih Kurnaz, Mustafa Calis, Afra Yildirim, Nuri Tutar, Asiye Kanbay, Hakan Buyukoglan, Inci Gülmez, Ramazan Demir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Amyloidosis is a rare cause of pulmonary infiltrates in primary Sjogren9s syndrome(SS), affecting 0–2% of symptomatic patients. Diffuse multi nodular amyloidosis(DMNPA) is the most common radiological pattern, occurring alone or in association with cysts of varying size. Amyloid can be easily overlooked or mistaken for other entities with similar staining qualities. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with DMNPA (AL (λ)) related to SS, in the presence of primary systemic amyloidosis(PSA). She had suffering from cough, hemoptysis and dyspnoea of two -month duration. She had been diagnosed with SS 10 years previously. She had macroglossia and multiple skin nodules. Chest excursions were reduced with crackles in both lungs.Her chest radiograph and CT showed multiple nodules and cysts in both lung fields. Calcification in the nodules and lymphadenopathy were apparent in the mediastinal windows. Spirometry indicated moderate restriction, and BAL fluid was negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), fungi. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy revealed hyaline eosinophilic material associated with a giant cell granulomatous reaction, a patchy lymphocytic infiltrate. The congo red stain was positive in this hyaline material and showed apple green birefringence on polarising microscopy. Electrophoresis of serum proteins revealed hypergammaglobulinaemia .  Serum immunofixation showed a monoclonal IgGλ. In the bone marrow (BM) plasma cells were increased to 10-15%. PSA (AL) associated with SS was diagnosed. Amyloid deposits were found not only in the lung but also in skin and BM biopsy specimens. Staining for amyloidosis should be performed in patient with SS and pulmonary infiltration.