tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dangers of Oxytocin-induced Labour to Fetuses
Authors: G. W. Theobald
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Clinician gate-keeping is the process whereby healthcare providers prevent access to eligible patients for research recruitment. This paper contends that clinician gate-keeping violates three principles that underpin international ethical guidelines: respect for persons or autonomy; beneficence or a favourable balance of risks and potential benefits; and justice or a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. In order to stimulate further research and debate, three possible strategies are also presented to eliminate gate-keeping: partnership with professional researchers; collaborative research design and clinician education.
Low-Molecular-Weight Dextran
Authors: Eugene F. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Toxic reactions to currently employed iodinated water-soluble radiopaque media have been responsible for the occurrence of considerable morbidity and some deaths after such diagnostic procedures as cardioangiography, aortography, arteriography, and pyelography.<sup>7, 12, 23</sup>The mechanism of these reactions has been the subject of intense clinical interest for some time. However, until quite recently, no satisfactory explanation for many of the observed clinical and experimental reactions had been advanced.<sup>21</sup>The role of allergic phenomena has been seriously challenged by Sandstrom,<sup>26</sup>who clearly indicates that there is no evidence for the value of pretesting or prophylaxis, history of previous contact, or proof of antigen-antibody reaction. Other authors agree that pretesting and prophylactic antihistaminics are of little value in predicting or preventing these reactions.<sup>12</sup> Recent studies by Read<sup>24</sup>have demonstrated that the phenomenon of diffuse intravascular red-blood-cell sludging occurs after the intravenous injection of a number of hypertonic
The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters — Human Costs of Economic Sanctions
Authors: Leon Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In Los Caprichos, Francisco de Goya's etchings depicting human follies, number 43 is entitled “El sueño de la razón produce monstruos.” The story Dr. Andrews and his colleagues tell in this issue of the Journal 1 calls for Goya's vitriol. They describe a medical horror story, an epidemic of what they characterize as “self-mutilation and malingering” among Cubans detained at the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in late 1994 and early 1995.The detainees were some 30,000 Cubans who fled their country for the United States on rafts and were intercepted by the U.S. Coast Guard. In a . . .
Managed Care and the Morality of the Marketplace
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Whether health care should be subjected to the values of the marketplace is a fundamental question facing us today. A powerful trend in this direction is upon us, with enormous, well-financed companies already dominating the delivery of health care in many parts of the country. Although many in medicine believe that the unchecked expansion of managed care (particularly the investor-owned variety) could have dire consequences, few have spoken out. Instead, many leaders have accepted the new trend as a fait accompli and have begun to position their institutions to survive within the constraints of the marketplace. The threats are not . . .
Maxillary first molar with an O-shaped root morphology: report of a case
Authors: Yooseok Shin, Yemi Kim, Byoung-Duck Roh
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

This case report is to present a maxillary first molar with one O-shaped root, which is an extended C-shaped canal system. Patient with chronic apical periodontitis in maxillary left first molar underwent replantation because of difficulty in negotiating all canals. Periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken. All roots were connected and fused to one root, and all canals seemed to be connected to form an O-shape. The apical 3 mm of the root were resected and retrograde filled with resin-modified glass ionomer. Intentional replantation as an alternative treatment could be considered in a maxillary first molar having an unusual O-shaped root.
107 Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells improves carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver cirrhosis in rats
Authors: T. Nakamura, T. Torimura, M. Sakamoto, E. Taniguchi, O. Hashimoto, K. Inoue, R. Sakata, T. Ueno, M. Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Abstract 1793: Ischemia Modified Albumin Adds Sensitivity to the Initial Workup of Patients with Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Alex Manini, Jon Ilgen, Vicki E Noble, Fabian Moselewski, Wolfgang Koenig, J S Bohan, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) may be an early sensitive biomarker of myocardial ischemia. We tested if IMA can predict in-hospital non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) an...
THE PRESENCE OF A WEAK HEMOLYSIN IN THE HOOK WORM AND ITS RELATION TO THE ANEMIA OF UNCINARIASIS
Authors: G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. The hook worm of man-both the Old and New World types-contains a weak hemolytic agent active in vitro. It is soluble in salt solution, is easily destroyed by heat and acts slowly. 2. The hemolysin is present in all parts of the worm and probably is associated with the intestinal tract. 3. The hook worm of the dog contains a similar hemolysin. 4. These hemolysins are not specific, but will act on human blood as well as on that of the dog and rat. They are only demonstrable in concentrated extracts. 5. Concentrated extracts of the human whip worm may be hemolytic to some bloods. 6. The round worm of man contains no hemolytic principle in any part of its body. 7. It seems very unlikely that this weak hemolysin found in the hook worm can have any relation to the anemia of uncinariasis. 8. Study of the "blood cysts" in the human intestine shows that the hook worm may live in a small amount of the host's blood for days without causing any marked hemolysis.
Medical Counseling Before Pregnancy
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

I think it only fair to say that the arrival of this book on the scene of medical bibliogenesis represents a true integration of our specialty with those that have always impinged on it, and one that is long overdue. I cannot recall the last time I enjoyed reading a book as much as<i>Medical Counseling Before Pregnancy</i>. Let me tell you why. We live in a sophisticated age—an electronic age, if you will—of video and audiocommunication with our senses under constant assault. I think that future historians will contrast the technological changes in dissemination of information wrought in the last half century alone with pre-20th century times much as today we contrast Gutenberg's revolutionary printing press with the lonely monk laboring in a monastery to create an illuminated manuscript for the privileged few. It is a given that today's woman (and her mate) is not only educated and educable,
CD28-induced costimulation of T helper type 2 cells mediated by induction of responsiveness to interleukin 4.
Authors: J G McArthur, D H Raulet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Type 1 and type 2 cloned T helper (Th) cells are believed to require different antigen-presenting cell (APC)-derived costimuli for proliferation. In the case of Th1-cloned T cells, CD28 signaling costimulates production of autocrine interleukin 2 (IL-2). Th2 cells produce their autocrine growth factor, IL-4, without costimulation, but require APC-derived costimuli, or IL-1, to respond to IL-4. Here we demonstrate that engagement of CD28 on Th2 cells with anti-CD28 antibody or with APC-associated B7 costimulates Th2 responsiveness to IL-4 but does not affect IL-4 or IL-2 production by Th2 cells. Costimulation of Th2 cells via CD28 appears to involve the induction of IL-1 production by Th2 cells, which acts in an autocrine fashion to induce IL-4 responsiveness. These results suggest that CD28-induced costimulation plays an important role in responses mediated by both types of Th cells.
Are Magnets Effective for Pain Control?—Reply
Authors: Edward A. Collacott
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Late Post-traumatic Headache and Manipulation
Authors: P. Bechgaard
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>PURPOSE</h3> Our goal was to describe the MR imaging appearance and clinical pathologic correlates of bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). <h3>METHODS</h3> Medical records and laboratory data were reviewed retrospectively in nine cases of bilateral basal ganglia hyperintensity on long-repetition-time MR images. Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system were excluded by clinical and laboratory data. Postmortem neuropathologic examination was obtained in two cases. <h3>RESULTS</h3> All patients presented acutely with new seizures or changes in mental status. A history of drug abuse was elicited in seven of the nine remaining patients. Renal failure was present in six cases. Symmetric bilateral caudate and putamen hyperintensity on T2-weighted images was found in all cases with variable extension to the surrounding white matter, thalamus, and brain stem. Postmortem neuropathologic examination in two cases revealed numerous microinfarcts in a distribution similar to the MR signal abnormalities. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The MR appearance of basal ganglia hyperintensity in this series of AIDS patients represents ischemic tissue injury. We propose that this clinicopathologic entity is precipitated by the combined effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection and drug use, particularly cocaine and/or associated toxic contaminants.
The A1 Allele at the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Alcoholism
Authors: Joel Gelernter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

An allelic association between the TaqI "A" system A1 allele at the D2 dopamine receptor locus (DRD2) and either alcoholism or severe alcoholism has been proposed. Our purpose was to evaluate whether, based on all of the accumulated evidence, this association could be considered to be proven.We considered data from all published reports of DRD2 allele frequency in alcoholics, controls, or both.We concentrated on the issue of replication. We therefore considered all data reported (on white samples, because DRD2 allele frequency varies by race and ethnicity) since the first report by Blum et al in 1990.We analyzed the set of data for differences in allele frequencies between alcoholics and controls, and for heterogeneity among samples. We also investigated the influence of the data from the first group to report an association (including a subsequent report from that group) on the findings. Our analysis shows that, when all studies subsequent to the original study are considered, there is no significant difference in DRD2 A1 allele frequency between alcoholics and controls, there is significant heterogeneity among reported alcoholics and reported controls, and there is no significant difference in DRD2 A1 allele frequency between severe and not severe alcoholics. Also, the two reports of Blum et al account for all of the (nonsignificant) differences seen between controls, alcoholics, and severe alcoholics.In general, heterogeneity among studies (for alcoholics or controls) is considerably greater than differences between alcoholics and controls overall. The findings to date can best be explained by more conservative interpretations than a confirmed physiologically important allelic association between DRD2 alleles and alcoholism. These other possibilities include sampling error and ethnic variation in those studies that individually showed a large effect.
Abstract 372: Circulating endothelial progenitor cell levels predict survival benefit in metastatic renal cell cancer patients treated with antiangiogenic agents
Authors: Françoise Farace, Marine Gross - Goupil, Elodie Tournay, Melissa Taylor, Catherine Hill, Bernard Escudier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: There is no validated biomarker to predict the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC). We tested the hypothesis that circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and circulating endothelial progenitor cell (CEP) could predict clinical outcome in MRCC patients undergoing treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Methods: Fifty five patients (pts) with MRCC were monitored both at baseline and day 14 after anti-angiogenic treatment (46 pts received sunitinib and 9, sorafenib). CECs were measured in 1ml erythocyte lysed whole blood by four color flow cytometry (FCM) and identified by a CD45−CD31+CD1467-amino-actinomycin (7AAD)− phenotype. CEPs were measured in 10ml blood after progenitor cell enrichment and were identified by FCM as extremely rare events with a CD45dimCD34+VEGFR2+7AAD− phenotype. Relation between CEC and CEP levels and both response to TKI determined by RECIST criteria after 2 cycles with the Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney test, and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with the Cox model (Log-rank test). Results: CEC and CEP levels at both baseline and day 14 were not correlated to response to TKI. No correlation was found between baseline or day 14 CEC values and PFS or OS. However, pre-treatment CEP levels were correlated to PFS (p=0.01) and OS (p=0.01). Patients with elevated pre-treatment levels of CEP (&amp;gt; 2% of circulating CD34+ cells) had an increased risk of tumor progression and poor prognosis. Changes in CEP levels between day 1 and day 14 were also correlated with PFS (p=0.03). Conclusion: Our results indicate that pre-treatment CEP levels could accurately predict survival in MRCC patients treated with TKI. If these data are confirmed, measurement of CEP levels before TKI therapy in MRCC patients will allow to identify patients who will benefit most from treatment and those who will need to be rapidly switched to another treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 372.
Mastocytosis and insect venom allergy: diagnosis, safety and efficacy of venom immunotherapy
Authors: M. Niedoszytko, J. De Monchy, J. J. Van Doormaal, E. Jassem, J. N. G. Oude Elberink
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The most important causative factor for anaphylaxis in mastocytosis are insect stings. The purpose of this review is to analyse the available data concerning prevalence, diagnosis, safety and effectiveness of venom immunotherapy (VIT) in mastocytosis patients. If data were unclear, authors were contacted personally for further information. Quality of evidence (A: high, B: moderate, C: low and D: very low) and strength of recommendation (strong 1 and weak 2) concerning VIT in mastocytosis patients are assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and are marked in square brackets. Results of VIT were described in 117 patients to date. The mean rate of side-effects during treatment in studies published so far is 23.9% (7.6% requiring adrenaline) with an overall protection rate of 72%. Based on the review we conclude that (1) mastocytosis patients have a high risk of severe sting reactions in particular to yellow jacket, (2) VIT could be suggested [2] in mastocytosis, (3) probably should be done life long [2], (4) VIT in mastocytosis is accompanied by a higher frequency of side-effects, so (5) special precautions should be taken into account notably during the built up phase of the therapy [2], (6) VIT is able to reduce systemic reactions, but to a lesser extent compared to the general insect venom allergic population [2], so (7) patients should be warned that the efficacy of VIT might be less than optimal and they should continue carrying two adrenaline auto injectors [2].
Bedside Teaching Rounds Reconsidered
Authors: Steven McGee
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Skeletal Myoblasts Preserve Remote Matrix Architecture and Global Function When Implanted Early or Late After Coronary Ligation Into Infarcted or Remote Myocardium
Authors: Patrick Farahmand, Teresa Y.Y. Lai, Richard D. Weisel, Shafie Fazel, Terrence Yau, Philippe Menasche, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The inability of skeletal myoblasts to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes suggests that their beneficial effects on cardiac function after a myocardial infarction are mediated by paracrine effects. We evaluated the roles of these factors in the preservation of matrix architecture (in the infarct and remote regions) by varying the timing (postmyocardial infarction) and delivery site of the implanted cells. Methods and Results— Skeletal myoblasts (5×10 6 ) or control media were injected into the infarct or noninfarcted myocardium at 5 or 30 days after coronary artery ligation in rats. Function was assessed by echocardiography before transplantation and 14 and 30 days thereafter and with a Millar catheter at 30 days after transplantation. Ventricular geometry, remote fibrillar collagen architecture, and changes in the matrix metalloproteinase-TIMP system were evaluated. Myoblast implantation in both sites and at both times preserved matrix architecture (length and width of collagen fibers) in the remote myocardium (in association with some decreases in remote myocardial matrix metalloprotease activity), improved global cardiac function, and attenuated the progressive increase in end diastolic volume ( P &lt;0.05 for all measures compared with medium controls). Cells delivered into the infarct region preserved scar thickness; cells delivered into the noninfarcted myocardium preserved wall thickness. Conclusions— Regardless of whether the cells were injected into the infarct or the noninfarcted myocardium early after an myocardial infarction or later, skeletal myoblasts improved cardiac function by preventing ventricular dilation and preserving matrix architecture in the remote region, likely mediated by paracrine effects.
Acute Glucose Overload Abolishes Ca <sup>2+</sup> Oscillation in Cultured Endothelial Cells From Bovine Aorta
Authors: Chiwaka Kimura, Masahiro Oike, Yushi Ito
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Effects of acute glucose overload on [Ca 2+ ] i were investigated in cultured endothelial cells from bovine aorta. Application of 0.1 μmol/L ATP elicited an oscillatory increase in [Ca 2+ ] i (Ca 2+ oscillation) in Krebs solution containing 11.5 mmol/L glucose. The frequency of Ca 2+ oscillation induced by ATP increased in a concentration-dependent manner, ranging between 0.03 and 1 μmol/L. When cells were preincubated with 23 mmol/L glucose–containing Krebs solution (high glucose solution) for 3 hours, 0.1 μmol/L ATP failed to induce Ca 2+ oscillation but evoked only a phasic followed by sustained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . Application of a higher concentration of ATP (10 μmol/L) evoked a transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] i both in control and high glucose–treated cells. However, the falling phase of [Ca 2+ ] i was prolonged in high glucose–treated cells. Thapsigargin (1 μmol/L), an inhibitor of endoplasmic Ca 2+ -ATPase, induced a transient followed by a sustained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in control cells. Preincubation with high glucose solution increased the rate of rise of the thapsigargin-induced increase in [Ca 2+ ] i and abolished the sustained increase, suggesting that glucose overload accelerates Ca 2+ leak from intracellular store sites and impairs Ca 2+ release–activated Ca 2+ entry. We found that all of the glucose overload–induced changes in Ca 2+ mobilization could be mimicked by xanthine with xanthine oxidase and abolished by superoxide dismutase. These results indicate that acute glucose overload accumulates superoxide anion in bovine aortic endothelial cells, thereby diminishing ATP-induced Ca 2+ oscillation through the impairment of Ca 2+ homeostasis.
Downregulation of topoisomerase IIβ in myeloid leukemia cell lines leads to activation of apoptosis following all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation/growth arrest
Authors: K Chikamori, J E Hill, D R Grabowski, E Zarkhin, A G Grozav, S A J Vaziri, J Wang, A V Gudkov, L R Rybicki, R M Bukowski, A Yen, M Tanimoto, M K Ganapathi, R Ganapathi
Journal: Leukemia (2006)