tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Control at Work and the Risk of Suicide in Japanese Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Akizumi Tsutsumi, Kazunori Kayaba, Toshiyuki Ojima, Shizukiyo Ishikawa, Norito Kawakami
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Although adverse psychosocial job characteristics are suspected predictors of suicide death, prospective studies based on established stress instruments are limited. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In a multicenter community-based Japanese cohort study, we prospectively investigated the association between psychosocial job characteristics and the risk of death from suicide among male workers. Baseline examination was conducted from 1992 to 1995 to determine the socioeconomic, behavioural and biological variables in addition to the psychosocial job characteristics of 3,125 male workers aged 65 and under and free from major illness. Low job control and high job demands were measured as adverse psychosocial job characteristics according to a job demand-control model questionnaire. Suicide deaths were identified using the Cause-of-Death Register. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; During the 9-year follow-up, 14 suicides were identified. The suicide death rate was 48.1 per 100,000 person years. Multivariate analysis revealed a more than fourfold increase in the risk of suicide among men with low control at work (relative risk: 4.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–12.83) compared with counterpart men after adjustment for age, marital status, educational attainment, occupation, smoking status, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol level, and study area. Job demands were not associated with risk of death from suicide. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; By using a job demand-control model questionnaire, low control at work was revealed as a predictor of suicide death among Japanese male workers. The finding implies that job redesign aimed at increased worker control could be a worthwhile strategy in preventing, or at least reducing, the risk of suicide death.
Effects of Anoxia on the Vascular Resistance of the Dog's Hind Limb
Authors: JERZY LITWIN, ABDUL HABIB DIL, DOMINGO M. AVIADO
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

In anesthetized dogs, the inhalation of 5 per cent oxygen caused vasoconstriction of perfused hind limb but vasodilatation occurred during reoxygenation. The vasoconstriction during anoxia amounted to a mean increase of vascular resistance of +12 per cent if blood from the same anoxic dog was used for perfusion, and to +35 per cent if blood from a nonanoxic donor was used. This vasoconstrictor response was almost entirely the outcome of anoxemic stimulation of chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies. The vasodilatation during reoxygenation persisted after chemoreceptor denervation, but was eliminated by either spinal cord transection or denervation of the limb. The nervous pathways responsible for this postanoxic vasodilatation were resistant to bretylium but were partially blocked by either atropine or hexamethonium.
Quality Health Care
Authors: Linda A. Headrick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Continuous improvement is a reality in clinical medicine. Derived from industry, continuous improvement (also known as continuous quality improvement or total quality management) was first applied to nonclinical support services.<sup>1</sup>Examples of improvement in direct patient care finally have emerged in the literature. Continuous improvement requires us to apply the scientific method to the everyday provision of health care. It leads us to ask the following questions: What are we trying to accomplish? How will we know that a change is an improvement? What changes can we make that we predict will lead to an improvement?<sup>2</sup>We can apply the best clinical methods known (with the help of guidelines) and measure the effect (with ongoing measurement of outcomes). We can create cycles of learning by measuring variables in the process of care, determining which has the most significant effect on outcomes, and experimenting with targeted interventions.<sup>3</sup>The
Detection of Solitary Humeral Metastasis From Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma With F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jeff Kim, Andrew Quon, Eric Humke, James M. Ford, Albert C. Koong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

In this case report, we present the F-18 FDG PET-CT images of an isolated humeral metastasis in a 52-year-old man with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The intense focal uptake in the right proximal humerus was incidentally detected during a routine 6-month follow-up scan after treatment to the primary with gemcitabine chemotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. A subsequent MRI scan confirmed a lytic lesion that correlated with the PET-CT abnormality and a CT-guided biopsy demonstrated metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with a pancreatic primary tumor. FDG PET has been reported to be effective in detecting previous occult sites of disease. Though the incidence of isolated bone metastases from primary gastointestinal malignancies is rare and detection of any type of metastases for pancreatic cancer usually is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, aggressive treatment of symptomatic bone metastases is an important part of the overall management to maximize the quality of life.
Levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G are increased in asthmatic airways
Authors: S. R. White, D. A. Loisel, J. F. McConville, R. Stern, Y. Tu, B. A. Marroquin, I. Noth, C. Ober
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors: 

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical, class Ib, major histocompatibility complex antigen, encoded by a gene on chromosome 6p21 within the HLA complex 1. HLA-G is constitutively expressed during pregnancy where it has a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance toward the allogenic fetus and placenta 2, 3, but has also been associated with inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis, and with solid-organ transplantation 3, 4. We recently reported associations between variation in HLA-G and risk for asthma in Chicago-area asthma families, in multigenerational Dutch asthma families and in a birth cohort at high risk for developing asthma 1, 5. A role for HLA-G in asthma pathogenesis was further suggested by the demonstration of expression of a soluble isoform of HLA-G, sHLA-G5, in airway epithelial cells 1 and of increased circulating plasma levels of sHLA-G in children with atopic asthma 6. Because airway inflammation in asthma involves a T-helper cell (Th) type 2-skewing of lymphocytes similar to pregnancy, HLA-G is an attractive candidate molecule for promoting the immune profile characteristic of asthma. Localisation of HLA-G to airway epithelium suggests that its dysregulation could contribute to airway inflammation in chronic asthma. To evaluate this further, we hypothesised that HLA-G abundance would be increased in asthmatic airways.

To test this hypothesis, we measured concentrations of sHLA-G in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from 12 non-asthmatic control subjects and 15 subjects with mild persistent asthma. The use of human subjects was approved by the University of Chicago Institutional Review Board (Chicago, IL, USA). Asthma was diagnosed using National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines. …
Aire regulates the transfer of antigen from mTECs to dendritic cells for induction of thymic tolerance
Authors: François-Xavier Hubert, Sarah A. Kinkel, Gayle M. Davey, Belinda Phipson, Scott N. Mueller, Adrian Liston, Anna I. Proietto, Ping Z. F. Cannon, Simon Forehan, Gordon K. Smyth, Li Wu, Christopher C. Goodnow, Francis R. Carbone, Hamish S. Scott, William R. Heath
Journal: Blood (2011)
Additional chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia-positive clone: adverse prognostic influence on frontline imatinib therapy: a GIMEMA Working Party on CML analysis
Authors: Simona Luatti, Fausto Castagnetti, Giulia Marzocchi, Carmen Baldazzi, Gabriele Gugliotta, Ilaria Iacobucci, Giorgina Specchia, Lucia Zanatta, Giovanna Rege-Cambrin, Marco Mancini, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Alfonso Zaccaria, Maria Grazia Grimoldi, Alessandro Gozzetti, Gaia Ameli, Maria Adele Capucci, Giandomenico Palka, Paolo Bernasconi, Francesca Palandri, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Giovanni Martinelli, Gianantonio Rosti, Michele Baccarani, Nicoletta Testoni
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Electric Heart Center for the QRS Complex in Cardiac Patients
Authors: GEORGE E. SEIDEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

A modification of Frank's cancellation data-matching method for location of the QRS electric heart center in the human was applied to 40 patients, most of whom had advanced cardiac disease. The equivalent dipole locations for the QRS complex were found to cluster in a 5 cm. by 5 cm. square area forward and to the left in the transverse plane. Correlation of electric heart center location with orthodiagraphic estimate of the center of ventricular mass was poor in many of the cases.
FDG-PET Imaging for Oxidized LDL in Stable Atherosclerotic Disease: A Phase II Study of Safety, Tolerability, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Joshua Lehrer-Graiwer, Parmanand Singh, Amr Abdelbaky, Esad Vucic, Magnus Korsgren, Amos Baruch, Jill Fredrickson, Nick van Bruggen, Meina T. Tang, Bjorn Frendeus, James H.F. Rudd, Frank Hsieh, Christie M. Ballantyne, Brian Ghoshhajra, Robert S. Rosenson, Michael Koren, Eli M. Roth, Daniel A. Duprez, Zahi A. Fayad, Ahmed A. Tawakol
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Langlands defends NHS information technology strategy
Authors: J. Dudman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

and 1998 Information Management and Technology Strategies of the NHS Executive) that the Labour government's 1998 strategy has made certain improvements on the Conservatives' strategy of six years earlier.But he criticises the lack of specific, measurable objectives and targets, which he says are necessary to monitor spending and achievements.The report expresses concern that, as with the 1992 strategy, there is
P2-12-30: Pre-Operative Haematological Markers and Prognosis in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: RL Cordiner, J Mansell, C Obondo, WJ Angerson, A Lannigan, D McMillan, CR Wilson, JC Doughty
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Systemic inflammation may influence survival in women with breast cancer. Both the platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been shown to be associated with survival in a number of solid tumours. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PLR and NLR in survival of women with early breast cancer. Methods: Women diagnosed with early breast cancer at two centres between 2003 and 2006 were included. All women had measured white cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets. NLR and PLR were calculated. Cox regression survival analysis was performed with breast cancer specific survival used as the primary end point. Significant associations of NLR and PLR with pathological variables was assessed using the Chi squared test. Results: 707 women were included with a median follow up of 3.7yrs. On univariate analysis neither NLR (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.66−1.79) or PLR (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.58−1.59) were significantly associated with breast cancer specific survival. An increased PLR was found to be associated with significantly fewer grade 1 tumours (P&amp;lt;0.05) but no other significant associations with pathology was demonstrated for either PLR or NLR. Conclusions: This study would suggest that the NLR and PLR are not prognostic of survival in women with early breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-30.
De novo expression of Trpm4 initiates secondary hemorrhage in spinal cord injury
Authors: Volodymyr Gerzanich, S Kyoon Woo, Rudi Vennekens, Orest Tsymbalyuk, Svetlana Ivanova, Alexander Ivanov, Zhihua Geng, Zheng Chen, Bernd Nilius, Veit Flockerzi, Marc Freichel, J Marc Simard
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Brain Metastases in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Russell E. Burgess
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The records of 177 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were reviewed to determine parameters associated with brain metastases. Complete autopsy, including examination of the brain, was done in each case. Of the 70 cases of brain metastases, only two patients (3%) were aged 70 years or more as compared with 19 (18%) aged 70 years or more who did not have brain metastases. Patients with brain metastases had a longer median survival as compared with those without brain metastases. Patients with brain metastases had involvement of the thyroid and kidney more frequently (23% and 34%, respectively) compared with patients without brain metastases (8% and 13%). Thus, patients who have brain metastases tend to (1) be less than 70 years of age; (2) have a longer survival; and (3) have a higher incidence of metastases to the thyroid and kidney.
<i>Pten</i> Loss in the Mouse Thyroid Causes Goiter and Follicular Adenomas: Insights into Thyroid Function and Cowden Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Nicole Yeager, Andres Klein-Szanto, Shioko Kimura, Antonio Di Cristofano
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Inactivation and silencing of the tumor suppressor PTEN are found in many different epithelial tumors, including thyroid neoplasia. Cowden Disease patients, who harbor germ-line PTEN mutations, often display thyroid abnormalities, including multinodular goiter and follicular adenomas, and are at increased risk of thyroid cancer. To gain insights into the role PTEN plays in thyroid function and disease, we have generated a mouse strain, in which Cre-mediated recombination is used to specifically delete Pten in the thyrocytes. We found that Pten mutant mice develop diffuse goiter characterized by extremely enlarged follicles, in the presence of normal thyroid-stimulating hormone and T4 hormone levels. Loss of Pten resulted in a significant increase in the thyrocyte proliferative index, which was more prominent in the female mice, and in increased cell density in the female thyroid glands. Surprisingly, goitrogen treatment did not cause a substantial increase of the mutant thyroid size and increased only to some extent the proliferation index of the female thyrocytes, suggesting that a relevant part of the thyroid-stimulating hormone–induced proliferation signals are funneled through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade. Although complete loss of Pten was not sufficient to cause invasive tumors, over two thirds of the mutant females developed follicular adenomas by 10 months of age, showing that loss of Pten renders the thyroid highly susceptible to neoplastic transformation through mechanisms that include increased thyrocyte proliferation. Our findings show that constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt cascade is sufficient to stimulate continuous autonomous growth and provide novel clues to the pathogenesis of Cowden Disease and sporadic nontoxic goiter. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):959–66]
Staining of Conjunctiva by Argyrol.
Authors: Louis W. Flanders
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Dover, N. H., Feb. 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a pamphlet sent out by the manufacturers of Argyrol I find the following statement: "Argyrol is the only silver salt that does not permanently stain the conjunctiva. It may be used with safety by patients themselves, as often as required." Last week a patient appeared in my office who had been using a 10 per cent, solution of Argyrol in the left eye for nearly a year. It was originally prescribed by a competent oculist, but, of course, with the intention that it should only be used for a short time. I took pains to hunt up the original prescription to be sure that it was Argyrol. In this case the bulbar conjunctiva, the caruncle, and the lining of the lid were as badly stained as from the prolonged use of a solution of nitrate of silver.
A New Long-acting Insulin
Authors: R. D. Lawrence, W. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is considered the current standard for locally advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). There is no consensus on the optimal neoadjuvant approach. A pilot study from our institution has shown improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT). The present randomised phase III trial is designed to compare NACRT with NACT alone and will test the superiority of chemoradiation in terms of tumour downstaging and improvement in OS. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Patients with biopsy-proven locally advanced GBC (T3–4) with predefined clinical–radiological features will be randomised to the gemcitabine-based chemotherapy-alone arm or the chemoradiation arm. Patients with resectable disease or with distant metastases will be excluded. The primary end point of the study is to compare OS between the two arms. The secondary end point was to compare PFS, R0 resection rates, acute and late toxicity, postoperative complications and quality of life between the two study arms. The trial is designed to detect an improvement in median OS by 5.5 months in the study arm (11 months in the control group, HR of 0.7) with 80.0% power at a 0.05 significance level. The resultant sample size to achieve this aim is 314 (157 in each arm) over a duration of 5 years with a 10% attrition rate. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The institutional ethics committee has approved this trial and will be routinely monitoring the trial at frequent intervals. The results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations and submission to regulatory authorities. <h3>Registration</h3> The trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI/2016/08/007199) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02867865). This trial aims to assess the superiority of NACRT over NACT in locally advanced GBCs in terms of improvement in OS. The results of this study will define the optimal neoadjuvant approach in locally advanced GBC. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02867865; Pre-results.
Medical Informatics/Computers in Medicine
Authors: Donald A. B. Lindberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Quietly over the past 25 years, the field of medical informatics has been emerging as a distinct disciplinary area that provides the scientific and theoretical basis for current and future practical applications of computers and automated information systems in medicine.<sup>1</sup> Computer-mediated access to the biomedical scientific literature has become widespread and reasonably advanced. MEDLINE bibliographical searches are now done in seconds, 24 hours per day. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) alone provided 3 million responses last year, and commercial data base vendors using NLM tapes provided a like number. A recent survey of NLM MEDLINE queries showed that about half were associated directly with patient care problems. For this reason and because of the recent great increase in the number of physicians who own and use personal computers, NLM recently made available a new search tool for medical professional users: a computer (diskette) search system that permits direct
GPs need to be more proactive in providing health care to teenagers
Authors: N. Cowap
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—When asked what type of contraceptive services they want, teenagers say that they want services that are local and that are accessible every day and in an emergency. This type of service is more readily provided by general practice. In addition, general practitioners and their colleagues have the opportunity to discuss health issues in general with teenagers. There is evidence, however, that teenagers receive suboptimal care in general practice and that general practitioners frequently fail to …
Hepatitis C virus core and E2 protein expression in transgenic mice
Authors: C Pasquinelli, J M Shoenberger, J Chung, K M Chang, L G Guidotti, M Selby, K Berger, R Lesniewski, M Houghton, F V Chisari
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Transgenic mice have been produced that express the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein in the liver under the transcriptional control of the mouse major urinary protein promoter. These animals express the full length core protein in cytoplasm of their hepatocytes at levels comparable to those detected in naturally infected patients, without histological or biochemical evidence of liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. This contrasts with recent reports that HCV core protein can transform NIH 3T3 cells and cooperates with H–ras to transform primary rat fibroblasts in vitro. Coexpression of HCV core protein in double transgenic mice that replicate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not inhibit hepatocellular HBV gene expression or replication, contrary to reports that it inhibits HBV replication in HuH–7 cells after transient transfection in vitro. We have also produced transgenic mice in which a C–terminally truncated (aa384–715) glycosylated HCV E2 protein is expressed in the liver under the transcriptional control of the mouse albumin promoter. Despite the high level expression of HCV E2 protein, no evidence of liver disease was detected in these animals. These results suggest that the HCV core and E2 proteins are not cytopathic for the hepatocyte in vivo, and they represent an initial step in the development of a small animal model of HCV immunopathology.
A DISTINCT PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PREDICTS RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH
Authors: Nima Ghasemzadeh, Jinhee Kim, Danny Eapen, Hatem Al Kassem, Pankaj Manocha, Mohamed Khayata, Dalia Arafat, Riyaz Patel, Saket Kumar, Laurence Sperling, Greg Gibson, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 378: Gene Delivery of H11 Kinase/Hsp22 Provides Cardioprotection by A Nitric Oxide-dependent Mechanism
Authors: Li Chen, You-Tang Shen, Chull Hong, Stephen F Vatner, Christophe Depre
Journal: Circulation (2008)

H11 kinase/Hsp22 (H11K) is a small heat shock protein (hsp) which is upregulated in ischemic heart disease, both in animal models and in patients. Cardiac-specific overexpression of H11K in a transgenic (TG) mouse provides protection against ischemic damage that is equivalent to ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Because studies in mice can not always be translated to patients, we examined the role of H11K in mediating cardiomyopathy in a swine model. An adenovirus harboring the H11K sequence, or a LacZ control, was injected in the potential area-at-risk (AAR) perfused by the left circumflex coronary artery (CA) in chronically instrumented swine (n=5/group). Three days after injection, CA occlusion (O) for 60 min, followed by 3 days of reperfusion (R), induced myocardial infarction. Although the AAR was similar between groups, the MI/AAR was reduced significantly (P&lt;0.05) in the H11K-injected group (32±5%) compared to the LacZ group (50±5%). Three days following reperfusion, regional wall thickening in the ischemic region was reduced by 58±2% of baseline in H11K group vs. 82±7% in LacZ (P&lt;0.05). Compared to LacZ, H11K-injected myocardium showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) 4-fold increase in H11K, and a 2- to 4-fold increase in the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a key mediator of IPC. To substantiate a role of NOS, the effects of CAO/CAR were examined in H11K-injected pigs (n=4) after pretreatment with 35 mg/kg of the NOS inhibitor L-NNA. In these pigs, the cardioprotection of H11K was abolished, i.e., MI/AAR was 67±6% (NS vs. LacZ control). These results were further substantiated in the TG mouse, pretreated or not with L-NNA for 2 days. After 45 min no-flow ischemia followed by 6h reperfusion, the MI/AAR was 5.0±0.4% in non-treated TG and 36±6% in L-NNA-treated TG mice (P&lt;0.01). Therefore, overexpression of H11K in a large mammalian model of ischemic heart disease induces significant cardioprotection. The mechanism involves upregulation of iNOS, since cardioprotection is no longer evident in the presence of NOS inhibition with L-NNA.