tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Opioid Use Among US Veterans
Authors: John A. Hermos
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Staff and family attitudes to keeping joint medical and nursing notes at the foot of the bed: questionnaire survey
Authors: S G M Luke, A Gallagher, B W Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Some years ago we introduced joint medical and nursing notes in our children's department. 1 In 1995, to promote openness and teamwork with families, we started placing these notes at the foot of the bed and encouraged parents to read them.We evaluated this innovation.
Hydrochyloric acid treatment of Hep-2 cells for the detection of masked anticentromere antibody (ACA)
Authors: S. Sato, K. Takehara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Hydrochyloric acid treatment of Hep‐2 cells for the detection of masked anticentromere antibody (ACA) Get access S. Sato, S. Sato Department of Dermatology, Facility of Medicine, University of Tokyo,7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Takehara K. Takehara Department of Dermatology, Facility of Medicine, University of Tokyo,7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 2, 1 August 1991, Pages 191–192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06074.x Published: 01 August 1991
Hong Kong issues guidelines to prevent further medical blunders
Authors: J. McManus
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Hong Kong's Hospital Authority has issued a series of guidelines to improve the quality of clinical care in the public hospital system after a spate of medical blunders in public hospitals, some of which have led to deaths. Senior doctors in Hong Kong's 42 public hospitals have been advised to spend more time supervising and training and less time on paperwork.

Recent well publicised mistakes include the severing of a woman's right fallopian …
First 20 months' experience with use of metformin for type 2 diabetes in a large health maintenance organization.
Authors: J V Selby, B Ettinger, B E Swain, J B Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to prescribing guidelines, continuation rates, population effects on glycemic control, and occurrence of lactic acidosis during the first 20 months of the availability of metformin in a large health maintenance organization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in the 90,000-member diabetes registry of Kaiser Permanente, northern California. Principal study measures were the proportions of patients started on metformin who met prescribing guidelines (previously on sulfonylureas, HbA1c, obesity, creatinine), the change in HbA1c at 6 months after starting metformin, and hospitalization rates for lactic acidosis. RESULTS: A total of 9,875 patients received metformin during this interval. At least 74% were previously treated with sulfonylureas alone, 81% had baseline HbA1c &amp;gt; or = 8.5%, 71% were obese, and 99% had a serum creatinine &amp;lt; or = 1.5 mg/dl. Among patients on sulfonylureas at baseline, those starting metformin had significantly lower HbA1c levels 6 months later than those not started, after adjustment for age, sex, and the higher baseline levels in those started (adjusted difference: 0.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Patients starting metformin as initial monotherapy also improved significantly, but patients previously treated with insulin (with or without sulfonyl-ureas) had slightly higher follow-up HbA1c levels than similar patients not starting metformin. Continuation of metformin at 12 months was significantly higher for patients previously treated with sulfonylureas than other groups. One probable case of lactic acidosis was identified during 4,502 person-years on metformin. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to prescribing guidelines was relatively high during metformin's first 20 months of availability. Glycemic control improved substantially for patients previously treated with sulfonylureas. Lactic acidosis was rare.
Effect of zinc supplementation on serum testosterone level in adult male sickle cell anemia subjects
Authors: Ananda S. Prasad, Ali A. Abbasi, Parviz Rabbani, Elizabeth Dumouchelle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Previously, we have documented primary testicular failure in adult male subjects with sickle cell anemia. We have also reported the occurrence of zinc deficiency and suggested that androgen deficiency may be related to zinc deficiency in such patients. In this study, we present data with respect to the effect of oral zinc supplementation on serum testosterone levels in adult male patients with sickle cell anemia. An increase in serum testosterone, neutrophil zinc, and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the zinc‐supplemented group in comparison with the group on placebo. Additionally, body weight increased and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity decreased in response to zinc supplementation. We conclude that androgen deficiency in adult male subjects with sickle cell anemia is correctable with zinc supplementation and that the determination of neutrophil zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity in the neutrophils may be utilized as good indicators of body zinc status in such subjects.
Relationship Between Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels, Vitamin D Sufficiency, and Calcium Intake
Authors: Laufey Steingrimsdottir
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextAdequate vitamin D status for optimum bone health has received increased recognition in recent years; however, the ideal intake is not known. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the generally accepted indicator of vitamin D status, but no universal reference level has been reached.ObjectiveTo investigate the relative importance of high calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for calcium homeostasis, as determined by serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of 2310 healthy Icelandic adults who were divided equally into 3 age groups (30-45 years, 50-65 years, or 70-85 years) and recruited from February 2001 to January 2003. They were administered a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, which assessed vitamin D and calcium intake. Participants were further divided into groups according to calcium intake (&lt;800 mg/d, 800-1200 mg/d, and &gt;1200 mg/d) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (&lt;10 ng/mL, 10-18 ng/mL, and &gt;18 ng/mL).Main Outcome MeasureSerum intact PTH as determined by calcium intake and vitamin D.ResultsA total of 944 healthy participants completed all parts of the study. After adjusting for relevant factors, serum PTH was lowest in the group with a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of more than 18 ng/mL but highest in the group with a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 10 ng/mL. At the low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (&lt;10 ng/mL), calcium intake of less than 800 mg/d vs more than 1200 mg/d was significantly associated with higher serum PTH (P = .04); and at a calcium intake of more than 1200 mg/d, there was a significant difference between the lowest and highest vitamin D groups (P = .04).ConclusionsAs long as vitamin D status is ensured, calcium intake levels of more than 800 mg/d may be unnecessary for maintaining calcium metabolism. Vitamin D supplements are necessary for adequate vitamin D status in northern climates.
Dietary and Drug Treatment of Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: ROBERT I. LEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The first step in the management of primary hyperlipidemia is its translation into hyperlipoproteinemia, which can be done by measuring the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and noting the appearance of the plasma left overnight at 4 °C. Diet is the keystone of effective therapy. In type I hyperlipoproteinemia diet (very low-fat) is the only therapy. Type lla is best treated by the combination of a low-cholesterol diet enriched with polyunsaturated fat and cholestyramine. In types III, IV, and V, calorie restriction with reduction to ideal body weight should be followed by a maintenance diet controlled in fat or carbohydrate, or both. Clofibrate is extremely effective in type III; it may sometimes be useful in types IV and V, but, when not contraindicated, nicotinic acid is usually more effective. Since all of the currrently available hypolipidemic drugs are associated with some side effects, and their use is often based on a still unproved presumption (that if lipids are lowered so is the risk of coronary artery disease), they should be used with circumspection.
Durable Treatment-Free Remission after High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Therapy for Previously Untreated Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Robert A. Brodsky, Lyle L. Sensenbrenner, B. Douglas Smith, Donna Dorr, Phillip J. Seaman, Shing M. Lee, Judith E. Karp, Isadore Brodsky, Richard J. Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Severe aplastic anemia is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder. High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation cures the disease. However, it requires a suitable donor and carries the risk for graft-versus-host disease. A small pilot study demonstrated that high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy without bone marrow transplantation leads to durable, treatment-free complete remission. Objective: To confirm the safety and efficacy of high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy alone in patients with severe aplastic anemia. Design: Uncontrolled clinical trial. Setting: Three tertiary care hospitals. Patients: 19 patients with untreated severe aplastic anemia. Intervention: Cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg of body weight per day for 4 consecutive days. Measurements: Probability of response and overall survival were measured. Complete remission was defined as normal blood count for age and sex. Partial remission was defined as independence from transfusion and an absolute neutrophil count greater than 0.5 × 109 cells/L without growth factor support. Nonresponders were patients who remained transfusion dependent or died. Relapse was defined as no longer meeting criteria for partial or complete remission. Results: The median time to an absolute neutrophil count of 0.5 × 109 cells/L was 49 days. The probability of survival was 84% (95% CI, 59% to 95%) at 24 months. The probability of achieving treatment-free remission was 73% (CI, 51% to 91%) at 24 months, and the probability of achieving complete remission was 65% (CI, 39% to 89%) at 50 months. No responding patients have had relapse or have developed secondary clonal disorders. Conclusions: High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy without bone marrow transplantation produces durable treatment-free remission in severe aplastic anemia. This approach deserves further study in patients with severe aplastic anemia who are not suitable candidates for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Abstract 3302: Antisense oligonucleotide depletion of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 by direct delivery to the brain could be a useful strategy for treating glioma tumors.
Authors: Cecilia C. Krona, Jihane Boubaker, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Alex Wong, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Erich Koller, Aneeza S. Kim, Gene Hung, Frank Rigo, Seung Chun, Benjamin Vitre, Frank Bennett, Inder Verma, Don W. Cleveland
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract To date, all approved chemotherapeutic agents which target the mitotic cell division interfere with spindle microtubule dynamics, leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis. While effective, these drugs are subject to resistance mechanisms and they are also associated with a variety of side effects, including neurotoxicity. Their use in treating nervous system tumors is therefore not warranted. One strategy to target mitosis, without damaging microtubules in non-dividing neurons, would be to inhibit key mitotic components, such as the mitotic kinesin Eg5, which is required for establishing a normal bipolar mitotic spindle. We have shown that glioblastoma cells depleted for Eg5 arrest in the next mitosis. After a prolonged arrest, they may slip out and become multinucleated, which will likely prevent further successful divisions or they may go into apoptosis. Further, mitotic arrest and induction of apoptosis in Eg5 depleted glioblastoma cells occur independent of p53, Rb-signalling and the PI3K-pathway suggesting that Eg5 is a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma patients with different underlying genetic abnormalities We have also tested the clinical feasibility of using a cell cycle targeting antisense oligonucleotide based therapy delivered directly to the central nervous system (CNS) as a novel treatment for glioblastoma tumors. This work has demonstrated that intraventricular administration of ASOs can efficiently target cells in the CNS and be delivered to glioma-initiating neural stem cells transplanted into the cortex of naïve mice as well as to glioblastoma tumors in a genetically predisposed mouse model. This strategy is therefore a potential route of administration for treating glioblastoma tumors which originate in the CNS. Direct targeting of mitotic components in the brain should have a limited toxicity to non-cycling neurons and as a benefit, as long as the blood-brain barrier is intact direct CNS delivery should have minimal dose-limiting toxicity outside of the CNS. Ongoing studies will determine the effect of Eg5 inhibition on glioblastoma growth in vivo. Citation Format: Cecilia C. Krona, Jihane Boubaker, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Alex Wong, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Erich Koller, Aneeza S. Kim, Gene Hung, Frank Rigo, Seung Chun, Benjamin Vitre, Frank Bennett, Inder Verma, Don W. Cleveland. Antisense oligonucleotide depletion of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 by direct delivery to the brain could be a useful strategy for treating glioma tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3302
Utility of the lymphocyte transformation test in the diagnosis of drug sensitivity: dependence on its timing and the type of drug eruption
Authors: Y. Kano, K. Hirahara, Y. Mitsuyama, R. Takahashi, T. Shiohara
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is a safety and reproducible test to assess activation of drug‐specific T cells in vitro ; however, there are several practical concerns such as the time of testing and the influence of treatment. Our aim was to define the right timing to perform LTT for determining the causative agent in various types of drug reactions. Methods: Lymphocyte transformation test was performed at different time points during the evolution of three types of drug reactions, maculo‐papular type of drug eruptions (MP), Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), and drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug rash and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS). Results: Positive LTT reactions were obtained when the test was performed at the acute stage but not the recovery stage in MP and SJS/TEN, while positive LTT reactions were obtained at the recovery stage but not the acute stage in DIHS/DRESS, regardless of treatment with systemic prednisolone. Conclusions: Lymphocyte transformation test is a reliable method to define the causative agent, when LTT is performed at the right timing depending on the type of drug reactions. Lymphocyte transformation test should be performed within 1 week after the onset of skin rashes in patients with MP and SJS/TEN; and 5–8 weeks after in patients with DIHS/DRESS, respectively.
Activation of human factor IX (Christmas factor).
Authors: R G Di Scipio, K Kurachi, E W Davie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Human Factor IX (Christmas factor) is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein (mol wt 57,000) that participates in the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It is present in plasma as a zymogen and is converted to a serine protease, Factor IXabeta, by Factor XIa (activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent) in the presence of calcium ions. In the activation reaction, two internal peptide bonds are hydrolyzed in Factor IX. These cleavages occur at a specific arginyl-alanine peptide bond and a specific arginyl-valine peptide bond. This results in the release of an activation peptide (mol wt approximately equal to 11,000) from the internal region of the precursor molecule and the generation of Factor IXabeta (mol wt approximately equal to 46,000). Factor IXabeta is composed of a light chain (mol wt approximately equal to 18,000) and a heavy chain (mol wt approximately equal to 28,000), and these chains are held together by a disulfide bond(s). The light chain originates from the amino terminal portion of the precursor molecule and has an amino terminal sequence of Tyr-Asn-Ser-Gly-Lys. The heavy chain originates from the carboxyl terminal region of the precursor molecule and contains an amino terminal sequence of Val-Val-Gly-Gly-Glu. The heavy chain of Factor IXabeta also contains the active site sequence of Phe-Cys-Ala-Gly-Phe-His-Glu-Gly-Arg-Asp-Ser-Cys-Gln-Gly-Asp-SER-Gly-Gly-Pro. The active site serine residue is shown in capital letters. Factor IX is also converted to Factor IXaalpha by a protease from Russell's viper venom. This activation reaction, however, occurs in a single step and involves only the cleavage of the internal arginyl-valine peptide bond. Human Factor IXabeta was inhibited by human antithrombin III by the formation of a one-to-one complex of enzyme and inhibitor. In this reaction, the inhibitor was tightly bound to the heavy chain of the enzyme. These data indicate that the mechanism of activation of human Factor IX and its inhibition by antithrombin III is essentially identical to that previously shown for bovine Factor IX.
Combination of Sigmoidoscopy and a Fecal Immunochemical Test to Detect Proximal Colon Neoplasia
Authors: Jun Kato, Tamiya Morikawa, Motoaki Kuriyama, Yutaka Yamaji, Ryoichi Wada, Toru Mitsushima, Kazuhide Yamamoto
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Combined Impact of Lifestyle-Related Factors on Total and Cause-Specific Mortality among Chinese Women: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sarah J. Nechuta, Xiao-Ou Shu, Hong-Lan Li, Gong Yang, Yong-Bing Xiang, Hui Cai, Wong-Ho Chow, Butian Ji, Xianglan Zhang, Wanqing Wen, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background Although cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, obesity, and several other well-studied unhealthy lifestyle-related factors each have been linked to the risk of multiple chronic diseases and premature death, little is known about the combined impact on mortality outcomes, in particular among Chinese and other non-Western populations. The objective of this study was to quantify the overall impact of lifestyle-related factors beyond that of active cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese women. Methods and Findings We used data from the Shanghai Women's Health Study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in China. Participants included 71,243 women aged 40 to 70 years enrolled during 1996–2000 who never smoked or drank alcohol regularly. A healthy lifestyle score was created on the basis of five lifestyle-related factors shown to be independently associated with mortality outcomes (normal weight, lower waist-hip ratio, daily exercise, never exposed to spouse's smoking, higher daily fruit and vegetable intake). The score ranged from zero (least healthy) to five (most healthy) points. During an average follow-up of 9 years, 2,860 deaths occurred, including 775 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1,351 from cancer. Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality decreased progressively with an increasing number of healthy lifestyle factors. Compared to women with a score of zero, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for women with four to five factors were 0.57 (0.44–0.74) for total mortality, 0.29 (0.16–0.54) for CVD mortality, and 0.76 (0.54–1.06) for cancer mortality. The inverse association between the healthy lifestyle score and mortality was seen consistently regardless of chronic disease status at baseline. The population attributable risks for not having 4–5 healthy lifestyle factors were 33% for total deaths, 59% for CVD deaths, and 19% for cancer deaths. Conclusions In this first study, to our knowledge, to quantify the combined impact of lifestyle-related factors on mortality outcomes in Chinese women, a healthier lifestyle pattern—including being of normal weight, lower central adiposity, participation in physical activity, nonexposure to spousal smoking, and higher fruit and vegetable intake—was associated with reductions in total and cause-specific mortality among lifetime nonsmoking and nondrinking women, supporting the importance of overall lifestyle modification in disease prevention. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Assessing the Quality of Randomization From Reports of Controlled Trials Published in Obstetrics and Gynecology Journals
Authors: Kenneth F. Schulz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the methodologic quality of approaches used to allocate participants to comparison groups in randomized controlled trials from one medical specialty. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey of published, parallel group randomized controlled trials. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —All 206 reports with allocation described as randomized from the 1990 and 1991 volumes of four journals of obstetrics and gynecology. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Direct and indirect measures of the adequacy of randomization and baseline comparisons. <h3>Results.</h3> —Only 32% of the reports described an adequate method for generating a sequence of random numbers, and only 23% contained information showing that steps had been taken to conceal assignment until the point of treatment allocation. A mere 9% described both sequence generation and allocation concealment. In reports of trials that had apparently used unrestricted randomization, the differences in sample sizes between treatment and control groups were much smaller than would be expected due to chance. In reports of trials in which hypothesis tests had been used to compare baseline characteristics, only 2% of reported test results were statistically significant, lower than the expected rate of 5%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Proper randomization is required to generate unbiased comparison groups in controlled trials, yet the reports in these journals usually provided inadequate or unacceptable information on treatment allocation. Additional analyses suggest that nonrandom manipulation of comparison groups and selective reporting of baseline comparisons may have occurred. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:125-128)