tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis
Authors: R Yehuda, A C McFarlane
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The author's goal was to explore the historical, political, and social forces that have played a major role in the acceptance of the idea of trauma as a cause of the specific symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to discuss the impact that current research findings have had on some of the initial conceptualizations of the disorder.The conceptual origins of PTSD are described, and the literature on the prevalence, longitudinal course, phenomenology, and neurobiology of PTSD is reviewed.Paradoxically, there are a series of findings that support the idea that PTSD is a distinct diagnostic entity, but these are different from those originally developed from psychosocial theory and stress research.PTSD has been a controversial diagnosis and is again at a vulnerable point. It is imperative that the field address how current findings challenge the original conceptualizations of this disorder so that the next generation of conceptual issues can be formulated.
Psychiatry and Religion
Authors: Werner Wolff, Félix Martí-Ibáñez
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perceptions as hypotheses of the outside world
Authors: Veijo Virsu, Simo Vanni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Perceptual phenomena reviewed by O'Regan &amp; Noë (O&amp;N) cannot be explained by bottom-up activity alone, but conventional interpretations suffice if perceptions are seen as activations of memory models of the outside world and its events. Motor involvement is necessary only during the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of perceptual mechanisms.
Adrenal insufficiency after treatment with fluticasone
Authors: B. J Lipworth
Journal: BMJ (2002)

# Second line controller treatment might have been tried {#article-title-2} EDITOR—The lesson of the week from Drake et al highlighted iatrogenic adrenal suppression due to high doses of fluticasone in children.1 The real lesson here is not to use drugs off label without having any other alternative or being aware of the potential adverse effects. It is unclear from the report whether the prescribers told the parents of these children of the potential for developing adverse effects at five to seven times the maximum recommended dose in children (>200 ¼g/day of fluticasone). Presumably the prescribers were aware of the decline in the therapeutic ratio above 200 ¼g/day but had weighed the potential benefits against the risks in each specific case, even though no data indicate any efficacy gain above this dose in children. It is not stated in the report whether any attempt had been made to step down to a lower dose, or whether second line non-steroidal controller treatment had been tried before increasing to such high doses. It would also be relevant to know about the children's lung function before admission as the lung bioavailability of fluticasone is directly correlated to predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, such that systemic absorption would be reduced in more severe asthma. This report should not detract from using appropriate low doses of inhaled corticosteroids, including fluticasone, in asthmatic children as they have a high therapeutic ratio at conventional labelled doses.2–1 Their use above such doses may result in patients falling off the precipice of the systemic dose-response curve.
Abstract 18292: Incidence and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation for Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Madhu Y Reddy, Anand Pillai, Ajay Vallakati, Vivek Yarlagadda, Gopi C Ponnaganti, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Pramod Janga, Ryan Maybrook, Arun Sridhar, Buddhadeb Dawn, Luigi DiBiase, Andrea Natale, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: A proportion of patients with cavotricuspid dependent right atrial flutter (AFL) have previous episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF). Many patients with isolated AFL (no previous AF) develop AF after AFL ablation. There is limited data evaluating the impact of AFL ablation on the a) development of AF in those without AF and b) recurrence of AF in patients with previous AF. Methods: We performed a retrospective study including all consecutive patients (with or without previous AF) undergoing cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for AFL in a large academic center. Results: A total of 589 patients underwent AFL ablation between 2007 and 2012. Mean age was 64 ±13 years with 74% males. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 50 ±14%. Median duration since diagnosis of AFL was 2 months (IQ range 1-10) months. 289 (49%) patients had a history of AF (paroxysmal in 95%) and the remaining 300 (51%) patients did not have AF. Patients “with AF” were on more antiarrhythmics (AADs) prior to ablation when compared to those “without AF”. 67 (23%) patients “with AF” had AF in the lab spontaneously, by programmed stimulation or with isoproterenol infusion when compared to 27 (9%) patients “without AF”; p&lt;0.001. After a mean follow-up time of 31 months, 200 (34%) patients were on AADs (47% vs 12% in patients with and without AF respectively). During follow up, 166 (57%) of the patients “with AF”, had a recurrence of AF and 87 (29%) patients “without AF” developed AF; p&lt;0.001. The independent predictors of AF during follow up in patients with prior AF were CHADS2 score, number of AADs used and AF induction during the procedure. In patients without prior AF, LVEF was the only independent predictor of incident AF Conclusions: At 2.5 years after AFL ablation a) 29% of the patients with isolated AFL develop incident AF and b) 43% of the patients with prior AF do not have AF recurrence. LVEF is the only independent predictor for new onset AF in patients without prior AF.
Clinical validation of intravascular ultrasound imaging for assessment of coronary stenosis severity
Authors: Toshihiko Nishioka, Aman M Amanullah, Huai Luo, Hans Berglund, Chong-Jin Kim, Tomoo Nagai, Naohiro Hakamata, Shuichi Katsushika, Akimi Uehata, Bonpei Takase, Kazushige Isojima, Daniel S Berman, Robert J Siegel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Effects of high dose vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing oesophagectomy
Authors: Rachel Dancer, Dhruv Parekh, Adrian Martineau, Gavin Perkins, David Thickett
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) occurs in around 25% of patients post oesophagectomy. We have previously shown that levels of 25-OH vitamin D (25D) are low in these patients and that the most deficient patients are more likely to develop post-op ALI.  We gave 13 patients a one-off high dose vitamin D supplement 3-14 days prior to oesophagectomy. Plasma 25D levels were measured pre-supplement, preop and day1 and 3 post-op. Preop, post-op and day1 PICCO measurements of extravascular lung water index (EVLWi) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were taken in 7 of the patients. Results were compared with a cohort of patients (n=50) who were all vitamin D deficient (mean preop vitamin D level=26.1).  The majority of supplemented patients achieved sufficient plasma 25D levels (>50nmol/L) preoperatively (mean=69.3) Mean plasma 25D levels fell significantly perioperatively to 49.5 on day1 post-op and 43.7 on day3 post-op (p  Conclusion: A stat high dose Vitamin D supplement restored 25D levels in the week before oesophagectomy. Vitamin D levels decreased significantly perioperatively. In contrast with deficient patients, supplemented patients had no perioperative increase in EVLWi or PVPI suggesting that vitamin D may protect against increases in alveolar oedema secondary to inflammation.
Cystic fibrosis and arthritis in children
Authors: Valentina Daniela Comanici, Iustina Violeta Stan, Mihai Craiu, Ana-Maria Vasile
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and aim : CF arthritis has been recognized as a complication of the disease. It usually involves large joints and responds rapidly to NSAID’s. There are described very rare cases with joint manifestations caused by a specific rheumatic disorder. The aim of our study was do describe features of CF-arthritis association in a pediatric regional center.   Material and method:  During 2009-2012 we have conducted a prospective study for evaluating presence of CF related arthritis among our patients. We had a standard evaluation during the trimestrial and annual control or during exacerbations. Investigations performed per-protocol included inflammatory markers, AAN, CIC, FR and x-ray for patients with articular manifestation.   Results:  36 CF patients were evaluated during 215 visits. Males predominance (55.6%) was described in a group with ages between 3 months and 30 years. 5 had joint manifestations(13.89%); average age 10.2 years (extremes 3-14 years); 4 had negative RF, ANA, CIC and non-destructive x-ray aspects and responded well to NSAID’s. A 3 years old patient had severe evolution. She was diagnosed with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with positive RF (positive anti-CCP antibodies). Initially transient favorable course with first line treatment of JIA, later on relapse that required slow–acting second line drugs.   Conclusion:    1.  Frequency of CF arthritis in our cohort [13.89%] is higher than previously described, including a very rare CF-JIA co-morbid association.   2.  CF patients with non-responding arthritis to standard NSAID’s should be evaluated to rule out JIA.
The Occlusion of Anal Fistulas in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: N. Wolf, I. Schneider, K. Thaler, C. Schneider
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Surgical treatment of anal fistulas occurring in Crohn's disease is often precluded by the specific conditions of the underlying disorder. The use of fibrin for the successful treatment of esophageal and bronchial fistulas encouraged us to start a clinical trial on the occlusion of Crohn's fistulas by fibrin adhesive. In a pilot study nine patients suffering from Crohn's disease were treated with tissue sealant to occlude anal fistulas. After curettage and cleaning we injected up to 3 ml fibrin adhesive into the fistulas. This procedure was repeated to a maximum of 17 injections over several months. Complete healing was achieved in three cases. In two cases, a distinct clinical improvement could be noticed. The remaining four patients did not show any improvement. Considering the simplicity of this therapeutic approach we feel that occlusion of perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease is a valuable alternative to surgical excision.
Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Lena Lavie, Holger Kraiczi, Aya Hefetz, Haifa Ghandour, Ana Perelman, Jan Hedner, Peretz Lavie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Sleep apnea syndrome is associated with recurrent episodic hypoxia during sleep, which has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular morbidity. Hypoxia is the major stimulus of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a potent angiogenic cytokine. In the present article we describe the results of three experiments in which plasma concentrations of VEGF were measured in patients with sleep apnea. In Experiment 1, apnea–hypopnea index was found to be a significant independent predictor of morning VEGF concentrations in 85 male subjects investigated in the sleep laboratory, of whom 47 had an apnea–hypopnea index greater than 20. In Experiment 2, VEGF concentrations measured hourly during the sleep period were found to be significantly higher in a group of five sleep apnea patients compared with six age-similar snorers and six normal young adults (129.1 ± 43.4 versus 74.6 ± 11.5 and 32.5 ± 12.8 pg/ml, respectively [p < 0.007]). In Experiment 3, VEGF concentrations were compared in patients with sleep apnea before and 1 year after nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment. A significant decrease in VEGF concentrations was found only in patients in whom nocturnal hypoxia improved after treatment (57.1 ± 62.5 versus 39.6 ± 46.9 pg/ml, p < 0.01). There was no comparable improvement in patients who did not accept treatment (53.9 ± 23.6 versus 54.0 ± 21.5 pg/ml, ns). These results raise the possibility that VEGF may contribute to the long-term adaptation of sleep apnea syndrome to recurrent nocturnal hypoxia.
Therapeutic Potential of T Cell Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) in Cancer Treatment: Counteracting Off-Tumor Toxicities for Safe CAR T Cell Therapy
Authors: Gideon Gross, Zelig Eshhar
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016)

A chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a recombinant fusion protein combining an antibody-derived targeting fragment with signaling domains capable of activating T cells. Recent early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated the remarkable ability of CAR-modified T cells to eliminate B cell malignancies. This review describes the choice of target antigens and CAR manipulations to maximize antitumor specificity. Benefits and current limitations of CAR-modified T cells are discussed, with a special focus on the distribution of tumor antigens on normal tissues and the risk of on-target, off-tumor toxicities in the clinical setting. We present current methodologies for pre-evaluating these risks and review the strategies for counteracting potential off-tumor effects. Successful implementation of these approaches will improve the safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapy and extend the range of cancer patients who may be treated.
False-negative FDG-PET in histologically proven extensive large cell bone marrow involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Hugo J.A. Adams, John M.H. de Klerk, Rob Fijnheer, Stefan V. Dubois, Rutger A.J. Nievelstein, Thomas C. Kwee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

A 69-year-old man presented with right axillary lymph node enlargement and B-symptoms (fever, night sweats, and weight loss). 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) showed confluent right axillary and right cervical lymphadenopathy (Image 1A–C, arrows). Excisional right axillary lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Importantly, FDG-PET did not show any signs of lymphomatous disease in other locations, including the bone marrow. Axial FDG-PET with concomitant CT at the level of the posterior iliac crest was also negative for bone marrow involvement (Image 1D,E). Right posterior iliac crest bone marrow biopsy (BMB) was performed. Remarkably, despite the negative bone marrow FDG-PET findings, the bone trephine showed extensive bone marrow involvement, estimated at 50%, by the DLBCL (Image 1F–H [HE, original magnifications ×25/×200/×630, respectively] and Image 1I,J [CD20, original magnifications ×25/×200, respectively]). Recently updated guidelines on the Role of Imaging in the Staging and Response Assessment of Lymphoma consider FDG-PET more sensitive than BMB for the detection of bone marrow involvement, and that FDG-PET may only miss low-volume diffuse involvement of 10–20% of the marrow 1, 2. In addition, these guidelines mention that BMB is only needed for DLBCL if FDG-PET is negative and identifying a small cell (discordant) bone marrow involvement is important for patient management 1, 2. However, the presented case shows that FDG-PET can miss rather extensive large cell (concordant) bone marrow involvement in DLBCL. Therefore, BMB remains to play an important role in the evaluation of the bone marrow in DLBCL. Coronal (A), oblique (B), and sagittal (C) 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) maximum intensity projections (MIPs) showing right axillary and right cervical lymphadenopathy, but no involvement of the bone marrow. Axial FDG-PET (D) with concomitant CT (E) of the posterior iliac crest showing no signs of bone marrow involvement. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) (F,G,H, original magnifications 25×/200×/630×, respectively) and CD20 (I,J, original magnifications 25×/200×, respectively) stained bone marrow biopsy specimens showing extensive large cell (concordant) bone marrow involvement, estimated at 50% by the DLBCL. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]
Short-Term Memory for Space and Time Flexibly Recruit Complementary Sensory-Biased Frontal Lobe Attention Networks
Authors: Samantha W. Michalka, Lingqiang Kong, Maya L. Rosen, Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham, David C. Somers
Journal: Neuron (2015)

The frontal lobes control wide-ranging cognitive functions; however, functional subdivisions of human frontal cortex are only coarsely mapped. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals two distinct visual-biased attention regions in lateral frontal cortex, superior precentral sulcus (sPCS) and inferior precentral sulcus (iPCS), anatomically interdigitated with two auditory-biased attention regions, transverse gyrus intersecting precentral sulcus (tgPCS) and caudal inferior frontal sulcus (cIFS). Intrinsic functional connectivity analysis demonstrates that sPCS and iPCS fall within a broad visual-attention network, while tgPCS and cIFS fall within a broad auditory-attention network. Interestingly, we observe that spatial and temporal short-term memory (STM), respectively, recruit visual and auditory attention networks in the frontal lobe, independent of sensory modality. These findings not only demonstrate that both sensory modality and information domain influence frontal lobe functional organization, they also demonstrate that spatial processing co-localizes with visual processing and that temporal processing co-localizes with auditory processing in lateral frontal cortex.
Abstract 16288: Analysis of Immunological Function of Infants With Congenital Heart Disease After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery: Evaluation of the Optimum Timing for Vaccination
Authors: Manabu Takanashi, Takashi Honda, Eri Mineo, Atushi Kitagawa, Hisashi Ando, Sumito Kimura, Kagami Miyaji, Masahiro Ishii
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiovascular surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have to resume vaccinations, because the infectious risks of them are report...
Effects of Comorbidities on Outcomes of Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Klaus Sahora, Cristina R. Ferrone, William R. Brugge, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Andrew L. Warshaw, Keith D. Lillemoe, Carlos Fernández-del Castillo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
The Na concentration of the macula densa cells as a factor regulating glomerular filtration rate (micropuncture studies). 1965.
Authors: K Thurau, J Schnermann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 9(5):p 925-934, May 1998. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V95925
Effectiveness of trivalent seasonal and monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccines in population with major chronic conditions of Navarre, Spain: 2010/11 mid-season analysis
Authors: J Castilla, J Moran, V Martínez-Artola, G Reina, I Martínez-Baz, M García Cenoz, N Alvarez, F Irisarri, M Arriazu, F Elía, E Salcedo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

We defined a cohort of people with major chronic conditions (152,585 subjects) in Navarre, Spain, using electronic records from physicians, to obtain 2010/11 mid-season estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness. The adjusted estimates of the effectiveness of the 2010/11 trivalent influenza vaccine were 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20–40%) in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness, and 58% (95% CI: 11–80%) in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza. Having received the monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccine in the 2009/10 season had an independent preventive effect against medically attended influenza-like illness (17%, 95% CI: 1–30%), and having received both vaccines had 68% (95% CI: 23–87%) effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Underweight, Overweight, Obesity, and Excess Deaths
Authors: Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu, Graham A. Colditz, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monitoring oral anticoagulation in primary care
Authors: D I Gozzard, A. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# GPs in Wales send blood samples to clinic, get results in post, and decide dose {#article-title-2}

EDITOR,—D A Fitzmaurice and colleagues' editorial on monitoring oral anticoagulant treatment in primary care exposes a debate that has been simmering for some time.1 Our hospital, in a rural area in north east Wales, has never had an anticoagulant clinic. In addition, there is no near patient testing for the control of anticoagulation at present. In our system, …