tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Human Brain
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In recent years a number of successful science-oriented television programs designed for the general public, such as Carl Sagan's Cosmos and David Attenborough's Life on Earth, have spawned equally successful books. A general problem encountered in the transition from the screen to the printed word is that what is dynamic on television is often dull in a book.   The Human Brain is a book based on seven documentary television programs produced by the BBC. Although the subject matter is interesting, it suffers in this format. The book is organized into seven chapters, each dealing with a specific topic such as memory, sight, language, emotion, and mental disease. Case histories are presented to illustrate various neurological entities such as stroke, blindness, fear, and schizophrenia. In addition, these case presentations serve as a stepping stone for the discussion of the chemistry, anatomy, and physiology of the brain. Individual researchers also comment on
Symptom association probability and symptom sensitivity index: preferable but still suboptimal predictors of response to high dose omeprazole
Authors: S A Taghavi
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Twenty four hour oesophageal pH monitoring is frequently used to quantify the association between a patient’s symptom and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Three indices (symptom association probability (SAP), symptom index (SI), and symptom sensitivity index (SSI)) are used to quantify and establish this relation. <b>Aims:</b> The aim of the present study was to compare these indices against the omeprazole test (OT) as an objective indicator of reflux induced symptoms. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty two patients with a predominant symptom of heartburn were enrolled from gastroenterology and primary care clinics. Baseline symptom score was calculated at the fist visit. All patients underwent 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring, and symptom-reflux association indices were calculated. All patients were placed on high dose omeprazole (40 mg in the morning, 20 mg at night) after completion of pH monitoring and symptom score was recorded again after one week. <b>Results:</b> Thirty eight patients completed the study. All three indices were significantly related to each other (p&lt;0.001). SAP and SSI (with a new cut off of 1.3, but not with the commonly used 5%) had statistically significant relations with OT (p&lt;0.05 for both). SSI had the highest positive and negative predictive values and sensitivity. The specificity of SSI and SAP was equal and lower than SI. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the three indices were not significantly different from each other or from a hypothetical non-discriminating test. Per cent time pH &lt;4, sex, and age had no relation to OT and no effect on its correlation with association indices. No cut off point could be found at which the results of SI could be related significantly to the OT results. <b>Conclusion:</b> SAP and SSI are significantly related to symptomatic response to high dose omeprazole; however, they are far from perfect, with a significant number of discordant cases as well as relatively small areas under the ROC curves. We suggest that the new cut off of 1.3 be used for SSI in the future. Further research is needed to identify possible methods to improve the discrimination power of these indices or to identify possible patient characteristics that may affect this relation.
QUANTITATIVE AND DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF 64-MDCTA FOR SEGMENTAL CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS DETECTION: RESULTS FROM THE CORE-64 MULTICENTER INTERNATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Julie M. Miller, Carlos E. Rochitte, Marc Dewey, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Ilan Gottlieb, Narinder Paul, Melvin E. Clouse, Edward Shapiro, John Hoe, David E. Bush, Albert Lardo, Albert de Roos, Christopher Cox, John Texter, Andrea Vavere, Joao A. Lima, Jeffery Brinker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA WITH DIABETES; LEUKEMIA IN DAUGHTER
Authors: Carl Schumann
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Three cases of pernicious anemia with diabetes mellitus have been reported by S. F. Adams.1These constituted the only ones in a five year period at the Mayo Clinic, including approximately 1,000 cases of pernicious anemia and 2,000 cases of diabetes mellitus. Another case is reported herewith. The patient died from pernicious anemia in March, 1925, eighteen months after she first came under observation. As in Dr. Adams' cases, insulin was used, but instead of proving useless, adequate response was obtained, probably because it was a milder type or was discovered early enough.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —A woman, aged 55, the mother of four healthy grown-up children, had always been in robust health up to her fiftieth year. In September, 1923, when she first came under observation, she had a fairly severe attack of influenza. The same year the menopause occurred, without noteworthy disturbance. In February, 1922, she
Messages Prove 'You Can Do That on Television'
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"IF I told you I could save my life just by putting on my socks, you wouldn't take me seriously. Because life is never that simple," the barefoot man on television declares. "But watch." He bends over, inserts his toes in his sock, and deliberately rolls it up his calf. Then he looks into the camera. "You're right, that wouldn't really save my life, but there's something just as simple that could." Immediately, the words "America Responds to AIDS" appear on the screen, with the phone number of the National AIDS Hotline. Treading gingerly around a moral issue that often prompts network censorship, the segment unmistakably brings home the message of using condoms to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection without ever using the word "condom." This imaginative television "spot" in many ways typifies the goals and challenges facing the "America Responds to AIDS" campaign, a program of the CDC's
The Place of the National Institutes of Health in American Medicine
Authors: James A. Shannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IT is fitting that the New England Journal of Medicine should include the National Institutes of Health among the topics of a series dealing with social, economic and organizational problems affecting medicine today. This is quite within the tradition anticipated in the prospectus for the forefather of the present journal — the New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery — when it appeared in January, 1812. "The pages of the Journal," the prospectus stated, "will always be open to the accurate observer of nature, the useful experimenter, and the rational theorist." It is in the role of "useful experimenter" — . . .
Gastric Dilatation Secondary to Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Peter J Featherstone, Lindsay D George
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 75-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to severe nausea and vomiting. she had a 12-year history of type 2 diabetes with erratic glucose control complicated by severe bilateral retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms of bloating had developed during the previous several months. A plain abdominal radiograph showed a very dilated stomach (arrows) occupying most of the abdomen. A nasogastric tube was inserted, which decompressed her stomach and relieved her acute symptoms. She underwent placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube with jejunal extension for the management of symptoms. Two weeks later, she died of complications from aspiration . . .
Reduction of ectopic bone growth in critically-sized rat mandible defects by delivery of rhBMP-2 from kerateine biomaterials
Authors: Christine J Kowalczewski, Seth Tombyln, David C Wasnick, Michael R Hughes, Mary D Ellenburg, Michael F Callahan, Thomas L Smith, Mark E Van Dyke, Luke R Burnett, Justin M Saul
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Each distinct type of mental state is supported by specific brain functions
Authors: Claude Gottesmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Reflective waking mentation is supported by cortical activating and inhibitory processes. The thought-like mental content of slow wave sleep appears with lower levels of both kinds of influence. During REM sleep, the equation: activation + disinhibition + dopamine may explain the often psychotic-like mode of psychological functioning. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: George K. Michalopoulos, Reza Zarnegar
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The two papers in this issue of Hepatology (1, 2) dealing with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) underscore the increasing importance of this novel growth factor in relation to hepatic growth biology. The emerging literature has already established HGF as a growth factor with potential importance not only for the liver but for other tissues such as the kidney, placenta, brain, lung, pancreas and hemopoietic tissues. This editorial will attempt to correlate the findings of the two HGF papers presented in this issue of Hepatology, summarize the existing literature on HGF and provide a synthetic overview for its role in the liver and other tissues. Several specific features already described set HGF aside in comparison with other growth factors in terms of structure and function.
Factors Influencing Agreement Between Core Needle Biopsy and Surgical Resection Specimens Regarding KI67 Labeling Index – Results of a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Z. Bago-Horvath, F. Rössler, P. Wimmer, K. Pinker-Domenig, R. Bartsch, P. Dubsky, T. Helbich, M. Rudas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Human aldolase B serum levels: A marker of liver injury
Authors: Masahiro Asaka, Tamotsu Miyazaki, Blaine F. Hollinger, Elliot Alpert
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A solid-phase, noncompetitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for aldolase B in human serum and tissues. Aldolase B was purified from human liver, and specific antisera to purified aldolase B were obtained from chickens. Specific antihuman aldolase B IgG was purified by affinity chromatography. Disposable polypropylene plates were coated with affinity purified specific IgG antibody and used for radioimmunoassay with 125 I-specific IgG antibody to aldolase B. The nonspecific binding was minimized by saturating the binding sites of the plates with 2% ovalbumin in 0.1% Tween 20. This radioimmunoassay is specific for the aldolase B subunit, with no cross-reactivity with human aldolase A or aldolase C subunits. Aldolase B is predominantly found in normal liver. Relatively high aldolase B levels are also observed in kidney. Serum levels of aldolase B in 21 normal subjects ranged from 21 to 39 ng per ml, with a mean of 28.7 ± 8.6 (2 S.D.) ng per ml. Forty of 42 (95%) patients with acute and chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis had serum aldolase B levels greater than 40 ng per ml. Serum aldolase B levels correlated well with total serum aldolase enzyme activities (r = 0.967) and SGPT (r = 0.951) in patients with liver diseases. In cancer patients, serum aldolase B was slightly elevated in 15 of 26 (58%) patients with cancer metastatic to the liver or primary liver cell carcinoma, whereas no elevation of serum aldolase B was observed in 16 cancer patients without liver metastasis. Measurements of aldolase B serum levels by radioimmunoassay appear to be a useful measure of liver cell necrosis from benign or malignant liver diseases.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DERIVING THE FORMULA FOR A DIABETIC DIET
Authors: William S. Collens
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A simple method is here described for the rapid calculation of a diabetic diet. All the data necessary are the total caloric requirements of the patient and the percentage of total calories to be given in the form of protein. The caloric requirements are easily obtained from standard tables or charts already described in the literature, such as the Du Bois surface area chart<sup>1</sup>or the Boothby nomographic chart<sup>2</sup>for the prediction of the basal heat production. The advantage of this method is that there are no complicated calculations to be made. The grams of carbohydrate, protein and fat are read directly in the table. The diets are based on Woodyatt's<sup>3</sup>ketogenic-antiketogenic ratio (FA:G) of 1.5 to 1. Since it is desirable to give a minimum of available glucose in the diet, it is necessary to give the lowest protein intake compatible with wear
Postoperative Assessment of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: BARRY J. MARON, DAVID R. REDWOOD, JOHN W. HIRSHFELD, ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, ANDREW G. MORROW, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Circulatory function of patients with operatively closed ventricular septal defect and preoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension was evaluated in 11 asymptomatic subjects at rest and during intense treadmill exercise three to 15 years after operation. The pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio was normal or mildly to moderately elevated preoperatively. Postoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure at the time of study was normal or mildly elevated at rest in 10 patients and moderately elevated in one (40 mm Hg). During intense upright exercise sufficient to lower pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation to 30%, cardiac output was below the normal range in five patients. Each of these patients had been operated upon after 10 years of age. The magnitude of the postoperative abnormality in cardiac output response to exercise was directly related to age at operation. Two of the five patients with impaired cardiac output response and two other patients manifested an abnormally elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure during intense exercise. There was a positive correlation between pulmonary arterial pressure during intense exercise and age at operation. These results indicate that late postoperative cardiovascular function may be abnormal in patients with ventricular septal defect and preoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension, and that these abnormalities appear to be related to age at operation. Since all patients were asymptomatic, the long-term clinical significance of these hemodynamic abnormalities remains to be determined.
Management of Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Elizabeth S. Klings, Gregory J. Kato, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
Authors: Howard A. Schneider
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The double strain inoculation (DSI) method of testing for natural resistance to infection has been examined in the instance of mouse salmonellosis. The DSI method has been found capable of detecting differences in natural resistance due to genetic as well as nutritional causes. A difference in response to Salmonella infection was found for the first time between the two "susceptible" inbred mouse strains, BSVR and BSVS. Whereas BSVS mice for the most part survived an intraperitoneal injection of 10(3) "avirulent" S. typhimurium, BSVR mice all succumbed. The relationship of the DSI test to the usual single infection test has been discussed and it is suggested that such single infection tests are special cases of the DSI test, since they involve a heterogeneous bacterial population which can be considered as a mixture of cultures of differing virulence and in which, by a single injection, the usual time interval between the two injections of the DSI method has been reduced to 0.
Eotaxin but not MCP−3 induces eosinophil influx into nasal fluid in allergic patients
Authors: P. Górski, T. Wittczak, J. Walusiak, C. Pałczyński, U. Ruta, P. Kuna, R. Alam
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Eotaxin and MCP‐3 (CC chemokines), owing to their preferential action on eosinophils, seem to be the very importance in the patophysiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intranasally administered eotaxin and MCP‐3 after specific allergen priming on the influx of inflammatory cells and their soluble mediators into the nasal mucosa. Methods: Eotaxin and MCP‐3 have been applied intranasally at the increasing doses of 1, 5 and 10 µg to allergic patients after allergen priming. The ‘nasal pool’ technique was used. The cell count and biochemical parameters in nasal lavage were evaluated before 30 min, and 4 and 24 h after the challenge with chemokines. Results: Both eotaxin and MCP‐3 induced the increase in clinical ‘score’ lasting till 24 h. Eosinophil influx into nasal mucosa after provocation with eotaxin was also observed. The challenge with MCP‐3 did not induce any significant changes in nasal lavage fluid. Conclusions: Eotaxin is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic conditions in humans. MCP‐3 did not induce inflammatory cell influx into nasal mucosa. The role of this chemokine in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation is difficult to assess and requires further studies.
FDG PET Findings of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Chronic Phase Before and After Treatment
Authors: Masatoyo Nakajo, Seishi Jinnouchi, Hirosaka Inoue, Maki Otsuka, Tadashi Matsumoto, Toshimasa Kukita, Hiroaki Tanabe, Rie Tateno, Masayuki Nakajo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We report 2 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase showing diffusely increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the bone marrow before treatment. Follow-up FDG positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in a patient after cessation of treatment and in the other under treatment. Both FDG PET findings showed reduced FDG uptake in the bone marrow. A series of these FDG PET findings suggest the usefulness of FDG PET for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia after treatment.
Recurrent Electroconvulsive Therapy and Adaptational Response of the Heart
Authors: Süleyman Ercan, Feridun Bülbül, Gökhan Altunbaş, Demet Alıcı, Gökay Alpak, Vahap Sarıçiçek, Hayri Alıcı, Vedat Davutoğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1019-28 Retrograde Cardioplegia Increases Diastolic Chamber Stiffness After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Patrice A. McKenney, Ravin Davidoff, Lisa A. Mendes, Gilbert P. Connelly, Gabriel S. Aldea, Richard J. Shemin, Carl S. Apstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Adjuvant Treatment of Rectal Cáncer in Elderly
Authors: Ruiz-Vozmediano Julia, González-Flores Encarnación, Conde-Herrero Verónica, González-Astorga Beatriz, García-García Javier, González-Rivas Cynthia, Castillo-Portellano Lucia, Ochoa Lucia, Luque-Caro Raquel, Delgado Pérez Juan Ramón
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Deficient activity of dephosphophosphorylase kinase and accumulation of glycogen in the liver
Authors: George Hug, William K. Schubert, Gail Chuck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Low activity of phosphorylase and increased concentration of glycogen were found in liver tissue from five children with asymptomatic hepatomegaly. In vitro activation of liver phosphorylase in these patients occurred at the rate of 10% or less of normal. Elimination of the defect by the addition of kinase that activates phosphorylase demonstrated the integrity of the phosphorylase enzyme and the deficient activity of dephophophosphorylase kinase. On the average, 60% of the phosphorylase enzyme of normal human liver was in the active form. Phosphorylase kinase of rabbit muscle activated phosphorylase of normal human liver to a final value that was significantly higher than the one obtained in the absence of muscle phosphorylase kinase. The ultrastructural examination of hepatic tissue from the five patients revealed increased amounts of glycogen. There was scarcity of endoplasmic reticulum. There was intercellular glycogen in continuity with the glycogen of the hepatocytes through breaks in their circumference. Lipid droplets with lucid areas in the form of needles and plates contained aggregates of glycogen. There were numerous lysosomes, some containing glycogen. Large vacuoles filled with glycogen and surrounded by a membrane were seen occasionally. The vacuoles might reflect the lysosomal pathway of glycogen degradation, since there was apparent fusion of such autophagic vacuoles with small vesicles resembling primary lysosomes.
Lethal Food Allergy in Children
Authors: John W. Yunginger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Food allergy occurs in up to 8 percent of children,1 but anaphylaxis occurs in only a few. There are no reliable data on the incidence, prevalence, or mortality rates for food-induced anaphylaxis in either children or adults. Fatalities receive transient attention in the local press, particularly when a child is involved, but few case series of food-induced anaphylaxis have been described in medical journals.2 , 3 The descriptive study by Sampson and colleagues4 in this issue of the Journal attempts to characterize food-induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents. Six fatal and 7 near-fatal cases were identified in a 14-month period; 12 of . . .
Diuretics, Potassium, and Ventricular Arrhythmias-Reply
Authors: David Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Drs Clarfield, Friedman, and Bergman that hypertension is an important risk factor in the elderly; in fact, some of our previous work is on this topic.<sup>1</sup>However, the present study focused on middle-aged men because the goal was to examine findings in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), which found an association between diuretic therapy (especially hydrochlorothiazide) and an increased rate of sudden death in hypertensive men 35 to 57 years of age with electrocardiographic abnormalities.<sup>2</sup>In our study, we extended the age range to 35 to 70 years. It is of interest that the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program study cited by Clarfield and colleagues restricted enrollment to individuals 60 years and above. There may be research questions [ill] most appropriate for particular age groups. In general, we agree with the thrust of Dr Papademetriou's work, which indicates that hydrochlorothiazide