tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 262: The PROFILE feasibility study: Genetic prostate cancer risk stratification for targeted screening
Authors: Rosalind Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Antonis Antoniou, Pardeep Kumar, Christos Mikropoulos, Tokhir Dadaev, Natalie Taylor, Elizabeth Bancroft
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) screening is controversial and a better assessment of individualized PC risk is needed. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring a cumulative risk of PC have been identified. We have explored the potential role of genetic markers for targeted screening in a population with increased risk of PC due to family history (FH). Material &amp; Methods: PROFILE was developed as a pilot study to determine the feasibility of targeted PC screening using prostatic biopsy (PB) and its association with specific genetic profiles in men with FH. We also evaluated the role of PSA and Diffusion Weighted MRI (DW-MRI) as screening tools. 116 men aged 40-69 with FH of PC were enrolled between October 2009 and December 2012. Cumulative SNP risk scores were calculated by summing 59 risk alleles for each locus using the weighted effect (log-additive model). DW-MRI was performed in 50 patients. Participants were asked to undergo a 10 core PB regardless of baseline PSA. Results: Median age 53 yrs (40-69) and median PSA was 1.15. One hundred and two men accepted to undergo a PB as primary PC screening. Twenty-three tumours were found (22.5% of biopsies) as well as seven men diagnosed with atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) (6.8%) and 8 men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) (7.8%). In total 37.1% received an abnormal result. Of those diagnosed with PC, 41% were intermediate or high risk and required treatment (compared to 24% in general population screening). The predictive performance of DW-MRI, PSA, genetic model and genetic model plus PSA measured by AUC were: 0.85, 0.73, 0.57 and 0.74, respectively. The genetic model performed best in men with a ‘normal’ PSA (&amp;lt;3 ng/ml - AUC 0.63). Analyses of a 78 SNP profile incorporating the new 23 recently identified SNPs is underway. Conclusions: Our results indicate that PB used for PC screening in men with FH of PC identified a higher proportion of clinically significant PCs. The high AUC for DW-MRI would warrant a larger study. The incidence of ASAP is higher in this group than the general population.The SNP risk score was more predictive in men with PSA&amp;lt;3 where PB would not normally be undertaken, therefore an expanded study to investigate the role of genetic profiling in directing PB in PC screening is indicated. Citation Format: Rosalind Eeles, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Antonis Antoniou, Pardeep Kumar, Christos Mikropoulos, Tokhir Dadaev, Natalie Taylor, Elizabeth Bancroft. The PROFILE feasibility study: Genetic prostate cancer risk stratification for targeted screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 262. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-262
Marked difference between adults and children in Bordetella pertussis DNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs
Authors: Y. Nakamura, K. Kamachi, H. Toyoizumi-Ajisaka, N. Otsuka, R. Saito, J. Tsuruoka, T. Katsuta, N. Nakajima, K. Okada, T. Kato, Y. Arakawa
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
New Centers to Focus on Health Disparities
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early Diagnosis of Neoplasms of the Digestive Tract
Authors: Thomas R. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 July 1931Early Diagnosis of Neoplasms of the Digestive TractTHOMAS R. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.THOMAS R. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-1-9 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI think we will all agree that the final aim of Medicine is the prevention or cure of disease—that our studies in gross and microscopic pathology, in bacteriology and in the ever-widening fields of biochemistry and biophysics have this as their ultimate goal. The age of therapeutic nihilism is past; we are no longer satisfied with etiology, pathology and diagnosis; therapy, be it psychical or physical, dietetic, pharmaceutical or surgical, is at last the ultima thule for which we are striving.Perhaps there is no group of diseases in which therapy has been so bitterly disappointing as the malignant new... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THOMAS R. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Delivered at the Baltimore Meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 23, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1931Volume 5, Issue 1 Page: 9-13 Keywords Bacteriology Biochemistry Etiology Gastrointestinal tract ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
变态反应基础知识(三)——变态反应疾病的诊断
Authors: Csaba, Rusznak, Robert, Davies, 邢军
Journal: BMJ (1998)

变态反应疾病可侵及人体各个器官,以变应性鼻炎最多见,下呼吸道、结膜、皮肤以及胃肠道也常受累。变态反应疾病是一种常见疾病,且患病率逐年增高。准确诊断出变应原是建议患者避免接触变应原及环境控制的关键环节。虽然变态反应疾病可发生于任何年龄段,但某些变态反应疾病似乎初发于
Synergism between the Anticancer Actions of 2-Methoxyestradiol and Microtubule-Disrupting Agents in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Gui-Zhen Han, Zhi-Jian Liu, Kayoko Shimoi, Bao Ting Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeO-E(2)), a well-known nonpolar endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, has strong antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic actions in vitro and in vivo at pharmacologic concentrations. We determined in the present study whether 2-MeO-E(2) can enhance the anticancer actions of paclitaxel or vinorelbine (two commonly used microtubule-disrupting agents) in several human breast cancer cell lines, including the estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 and T-47D cells and the receptor-negative MDA-MB-435s and MDA-MB-231 cells. 2-MeO-E(2) in combination with paclitaxel or vinorelbine exhibited a synergistic anticancer effect in these human breast cancer cells in vitro, and this synergistic effect was more pronounced when each of the drugs was used at relatively low concentrations. Additional experiments using female athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice showed that p.o. administration of 2-MeO-E(2) at 30 mg/kg body weight, once a week for 6 weeks, markedly enhanced the activity of paclitaxel or vinorelbine against the growth of the estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts in these animals. By contrast, combination of 2-MeO-E(2) with 5-fluorouracil only had a partial additive effect against the growth of these cell lines in culture, and no synergistic effect was observed. Interestingly, when doxorubicin was used in combination with 2-MeO-E(2), the antiproliferative effect of 2-MeO-E(2) was somewhat antagonized by doxorubicin when it was present at high concentrations. Our results showed that 2-MeO-E(2) at nontoxic or subtoxic doses selectively enhanced the effects of certain microtubule-disrupting agents (such as paclitaxel and vinorelbine) against the growth of the receptor-negative human breast cancer cells in culture and also in athymic nude mice.
Birch Pollen‐Related Food Hypersensitivity: Influence of Total and Specific IgE Levels
Authors: NILS E. ERIKSSON, JAN‐ÅKE WIHL, HANS ARRENDAL
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Total IgE, RAST results with tree pollen allergens, and prick test results with birch, grass and mugwort, pollen allergens were correlated to 872 hay fever patients' reported food hypersensitivity (FH). A positive correlation was found between FH and the RAST and prick test results with birch pollen allergen. At each level of birch pollen sensitivity the incidence of FH was lower in patients with high total IgE than in those with lower total IgE. A negative correlation was found between grass pollen allergy and FH in birch pollen allergics. It is suggested that antigens in some foods have a specific ability to bridge anti‐birch IgE molecules on mast cells. An explanation of the negative correlation between FH and total IgE and grass pollen allergy could be that a high number of non‐birch‐specific IgE molecules on the mast cells will reduce the probability that two anti‐birch IgE molecules should bind on nearby sites.
Non-participation in early intervention with inhaled steroids in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): The role of 'fear of steroids'. Results of the 'DIMCA' study
Authors: P.M. van Grunsven, C.P. van Schayck, H.J.M. van Kollenburg, K. van Bosheide, H.J.M. van den Hoogen, J. Molema, C. van Weel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)
Effect of surface roughness and sterilization on bacterial adherence to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: T.J. Kinnari, J. Esteban, N. Zamora, R. Fernandez, C. López-Santos, F. Yubero, D. Mariscal, J.A. Puertolas, E. Gomez-Barrena
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Mucociliary function in bronchial epithelium of COPD and non-COPD patients: In vitro assessment of the effects of fluid restriction
Authors: Kathrin Schrödl, Katharina Jung, Rudolf Maria Huber, Fernando Gamarra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic pulmonary disease in industrialized countries. We used an in vitro model to measure mucociliary function of COPD and non-COPD bronchial epithelium and assess the effects of dehydration of the mucus on mucociliary function.  Methods:  Bronchial epithelium of COPD and non-COPD patients was obtained and cultured in its own mucus. Bronchial epithelial Spheroids (BES) developed. BES rotate along their own axis due to beating cilia at their surface. Rotation frequency of BES was repeatedly measured during evaporation of the culture medium (corresponding to dehydration of the mucus) until the spheroids stopped their movement. Mucociliary transport velocity (MTV) at the surface of the BES was calculated. We looked for differences between the COPD and non-COPD BES.  Results:  We cultivated 30 BES in the COPD-group and 26 in the non-COPD group. The diameters of spheroids in both groups showed no significant differences (70±0.02 and 80±0.02µm, mean ±SD). MTV decreased during evaporation of the culture medium. MTV of COPD and non-COPD BES did not differ at the beginning of the measurements (3.32 vs. 2.75 mm/min. respectively; median) or at later times. The time for the BES to stop was also the same in both groups (58.25 vs. 62.00 minutes; median).  Conclusion:  In this model we could not detect any differences in mucociliary function of bronchial epithelium of COPD and non-COPD patients. Dehydration of the mucus leads to the same reduction and discontinuation of mucociliary function in both COPD and non-COPD epithelium.
Abstract 15676: Electrocardiographic risk factors for complete atrioventricular block: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study
Authors: Hiroshi Watanabe, Toru Watanabe, Naohito Tanabe, Yoshifusa Aizawa, Naomasa Makita
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Cardiac conduction disease is often progressive and requires pacemaker implantation at advanced stages. However, the predictive ability of electrocardiographic abnormalities for pacemaker is not well investigated. Methods and Results: This prospective, community-based, observational cohort study was based on annual health examinations. We studied the association of electrocardiographic abnormalities with the risk of development of complete atrioventricular block. Participants with complete atrioventricular block at baseline were excluded. A total of 180,152 participants (age, 59 ± years; 122,457 women) were included in this study. During a follow-up of 8.8 ± 4.4 years, 127 participants (0.07%) developed complete atrioventricular block. In multivariate models, male gender, age, first-degree atrioventricular block, second-degree atrioventricular block, left bundle branch block, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, and atrial fibrillation, but not right bundle branch block, were ass...
Abstract 19594: Intra-Hepatic Fat Assessed on Cardiac CT Examinations Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in a High Risk Population Independent of the Cardiometabolic Risks: The Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study
Authors: Ebenezer T Oni, Ehimen C Aneni, Gagandeep Nagi, Emir Veledar, Lara Roberson, Sameer Shaharyar, Omar Jamal, Shozab S Ali, Henry Guzman, Rehan Malik, Mohammad Aziz, Ricardo Cury, Jonathan Fialkow, Arthur S Agatston, Janisse Post, Theodore Feldman, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Hepatic fat a measure of visceral adiposity is evolving as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the markers of subclinical CVD, often measured by the augmentation index (AIx). In this study we evaluated if individuals with higher burden of intra-hepatic adiposity are at higher risk of arterial stiffness among a high metabolic risk population free of known CVD.   Methodology:  The Baptist Employee Healthy Heart Study (BEHHS) is an ongoing lifestyle intervention study examining the effects of web-based interventions on reducing CVD risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. Participants had their brachial arterial AIx, assessed using the EndoPAT 2000 device (Itamar Medical, Israel). Participants older than 35 years old had CT scans done for coronary calcium. Hepatic and splenic attenuation values were measured using regions of interest (ROI) greater than 100 mm2 in area. A Liver: spleen attenuation ratio (LSR)   Results:  Results: The population consisted of 141 participants, 74% women, 49% Hispanic, with a mean age of 52 ± 9 years. Overall 71 (50%) of the participants had significant intra-hepatic fat; LSR   Conclusion:  In this study of high risk individuals, the presence of significant intra-hepatic fat was associated with arterial stiffness independent of the cardiometabolic risks. Although further studies are necessary to understand the relationship, the above finding has implication for clinical practice and population health.
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: N. Stutz, M. Nihal, G.S. Wood
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has multiple functions throughout mitosis. Plk1 levels are high in a number of cancers and haematological malignancies while being low in most differentiated tissues.To assess the immunoreactivity of Plk1 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as a potential therapeutic target, to differentiate Plk1 levels among lesion types and to compare the detection level of Plk1 in fresh frozen (f) vs. paraffin-embedded (p) tissue.Immunohistochemical staining of CTCL skin lesions with anti-Plk1 antibody was performed in a total of 65 biopsies from 49 patients with CTCL. Both f and p tissue was available for comparison in 46 biopsies.Tumour-stage CTCL lesions displayed significantly more Plk1 (mean f 7·7%, p 8·8%) than patch (mean f 0·7%, p 2·0%) and plaque-stage lesions (mean f 1·1%, p 2·0%) (P < 0·05). Plk1 ranged from 0% to 18% in f and 0% to 24% in p samples. p tissue revealed a higher mean Plk1 detection rate of 4·4% compared with 2·9% in f tissue with no statistical significance.Our results indicate that in CTCL, Plk1 is increased mainly in advanced lesions. Several Plk1 inhibitors have already shown promising results in preclinical and clinical phase I and II trials for different types of cancers with low adverse effects. Immunohistochemical detection of high Plk1 levels in patients with CTCL could help select individuals who might benefit from treatment with small molecule Plk1 inhibitors.
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM REQUIRING PROLONGED POSTOPERATIVE THERAPY
Authors: I S ESKWITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1952)

Case Reports1 December 1952PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM REQUIRING PROLONGED POSTOPERATIVE THERAPYIRWIN S. ESKWITH, M.D.IRWIN S. ESKWITH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-37-6-1247 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrimary hyperparathyroidism is an easily diagnosed condition. Because of its comparative rarity, however, the possibility of its existence is frequently overlooked. The case to be described had her first episode of renal lithiasis at the age of 30, and the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma was not made until the age of 62. This duration of symptoms is longer than in any case I have been able to find in the literature. Postoperatively, decalcification and hypocalcemia were so severe that intensive parenteral therapy was necessary. This, too, was carried out for a longer period of time than in any case I...Bibliography1. Albright F: Personal correspondence, Sept. 18, 1950, to December 27, 1950. Google Scholar2. Black MB: Surgical aspects of hyperparathyroidism, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 87: 172, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Burke LB: Hyperparathyroidism: an analysis of ten cases with special references to early diagnosis, Am. J. Surg. 76: 404, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LaceGreene RJA: Hyperparathyroidism: a report and an analysis of thirteen cases occurring in the Middle Western States, J. Clin. Endocrinol. 3: 408, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. AlexanderKirkPembertonBroders HBEJJAC: Functional parathyroid tumors and hyperparathyroidism, Am. J. Surg. 65: 157, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Albright F: Parathyroid glands and metabolic bone disease, 1948, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Maryland. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bridgeport, Connecticut*Received for publication January 21, 1952. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Tetanie des Erwachsenen und ihre Grenzzustände 1 December 1952Volume 37, Issue 6Page: 1247-1253KeywordsHyperparathyroidismHypocalcemiaParathyroid tumors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1952 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective prodrug activation: Using the cancer cell environment to activate a protein switch.
Authors: Chapman Wright, Marc Ostermeier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B6   In general, current chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer treatment suffer from a lack of selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. The need for more targeted therapies lead to the development of alternative methods, such as GDEPT. In GDEPT, a “suicide” gene that is capable of converting a prodrug into a toxin is delivered to cancer cells. This is followed by the systematic administration of that prodrug, which is converted into a toxin within the cancer cell. However, the selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells still remains an issue for GDEPT. Normal cells are often transfected with the suicide gene, making it necessary to develop vehicles for specific delivery of the suicide gene to cancer cells. We propose to circumvent the need for specific delivery vehicles by creating a “cancer-sensing” therapeutic protein whose prodrug converting activity is dependent upon the cancer cell environment. This therapeutic protein can be delivered, non-specifically, to cells within and surrounding a tumor. The cancer cells producing this therapeutic protein will convert a systematically administered prodrug into a toxin within the cancer cell, thereby killing it, while the therapeutic protein will be inactive in normal cells.  	Our lab has invented a novel protein engineering strategy by combining the domains of two independent proteins into a single hybrid protein. As a proof of principle, we have created maltose-activated beta-lactamases by combining maltose binding protein with TEM1 beta-lactamase. These “switch” proteins’ beta-lactamase enzyme activity is increased 500-fold in the presence of maltose, but they are inactive in the absence of maltose. We envision that a therapeutic protein switch could be created in the same fashion as the maltose-activated proteins, by combining a prodrug activating enzyme and a protein that binds a cancer-specific marker. We are focusing on hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a) as the cancer-specific marker. HIF-1a is completely absent in normal tissue due to rapid degradation, but is overexpressed within many types of cancer. In this manner, the therapeutic protein will be inactive in normal tissue and will be activated by HIF-1a to convert the prodrug into a toxin in cancer cells. We are using the HIF-1a binding domain from the p300 protein and a cytosine deaminase to make our therapeutic switch. Cytosine deaminase (CD) is an enzyme that is able to convert the relatively harmless 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) prodrug into the toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cancer cells that overexpress HIF-1a will activate the protein switch to convert 5-FC into 5-FU, thereby killing the cancer cells. This therapeutic protein could have the potential to be used in a treatment method that is analogous to GDEPT, but will have superior “killing” efficiency with reduced side-effects because the selectivity of our method arises at the molecular level.
Verrucous lesions in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus.
Authors: JOUNI UITTO, DANIEL J. SANTA-CRUZ, ARTHUR Z. EISEN, PHILLIP LEONE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Seven cases of classical discoid lupus erythematosus of the face associated with hyperkeratotic, papulo-nodular lesions on the arms and hands were studied. Clinically the hyperkeratotic lesions resembled keratoacanthomas or hypertrophic lichen planus. The clinical course was marked by chronicity, an absence of regression of the lesions, and resistance to treatment. Histopathologically, a lichenoid cellular reaction seemed to play a key role in the development of the hypertrophic lesions which resembled either keratoacanthomas or hypertrophic lichen planus. Elastic fibres were prominent in the upper dermis, the lower levels of the epidermis and in the hyperkeratotic horny layer. Immuno-fluorescence of the papulo-nodular lesions demonstrated the deposition of IgG and IgM in a globular pattern at the dermal-epidermal junction. Discontinuous deposition of these antibodies was also seen at the basement membrane zone. On the basis of the immunofluorescence, histopathological and clinical studies, we suggest that the verrucous, hyperkeratotic lesions on the upper extremities represent an unusual, but distinct, form of discoid lupus erythematosus.