tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth of a Retroposon: The Twin SINE Family from the Vector Mosquito Culex pipiens May Have Originated from a Dimeric tRNA Precursor
Authors: Cédric Feschotte, Nicolas Fourrier, Isabelle Desmons, Claude Mouchès
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

SINEs are short interspersed repetitive elements found in many eukaryotic genomes and are believed to propagate by retroposition. Almost all SINEs reported to date have a composite structure made of a 5' tRNA-related region followed by a tRNA-unrelated region. Here, we describe a new type of tRNA-derived SINEs from the genome of the mosquito Culex pipiens. These elements, called TWINs, are approximately 220 bp long and reiterated at approximately 500 copies per haploid genome. TWINs have a unique structure compared with other tRNA-SINEs described so far. They consist of two tRNA(Arg)-related regions separated by a 39-bp spacer. Other tRNA-unrelated sequences include a 5-bp leader preceding the left tRNA-like unit and a short trailer located downstream of the right tRNA-like region. This 3' trailer is a 10-bp sequence that is ended by a TTTT motif and followed by a polyA tract of variable length. The right tRNA-like unit also contains a 16-bp sequence which is absent in the left one and appears to be located in the ancestral anticodon stem precisely at a position expected for a nuclear tRNA intron. According to this singular structure, we hypothesize that the TWIN: SINE family originated from an unprocessed polymerase III transcript containing two tRNA sequences. We suggest that some peculiar properties acquired by this dicistronic transcript, such as a polyA tail and a 3' stem-loop secondary structure, promote its retroposition by increasing its chances of being recognized by a reverse transcriptase encoded elsewhere in the C. pipiens genome.
Law in the Laboratory: A Guide to the Ethics of Federally Funded Science Research
Authors: Samuel Y. Sessions
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chylothorax: report of a case complicating ductus ligation through a median sternotomy, and review.
Authors: T K Kaul, W H Bain, M A Turner, K M Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1976)

An unusual case of chylothorax is described in a 4-year-old child after repair of a ventricular septal defect and ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus through a median sternotomy. Left chylothorax developed after a latent period of six days and was treated initially with continuous drainage and parenteral supplementation of proteins and lipids. Operative intervention with oversewing of the site of the leak in the anterior mediastinum proved necessary after three weeks. The anatomical variations of the thoracic duct are outlined to explain the occurrence of chylothorax after diverse intrathoracic operations. The physiological effects of a thoracic duct fistula and various aspects of management are reviewed.
Fibroblast activation protein: A cell surface dipeptidyl peptidase and gelatinase expressed by stellate cells at the tissue remodelling interface in human cirrhosis
Authors: Miriam T. Levy, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Catherine A. Abbott, John E. Park, Anne M. Cunningham, Erika Müller, Wolfgang J. Rettig, Mark D. Gorrell
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface-bound protease of the prolyl oligopeptidase gene family expressed at sites of tissue remodelling. This study aimed to delineate the expression of FAP in cirrhotic human liver and examine its biochemical activities. Seventeen cirrhotic and 8 normal liver samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were isolated and immunostained. Recombinant FAP and immunopurified, natural FAP were analyzed for protease activities and similarities to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a structurally related enzyme. FAP–specific messenger RNA and immunoreactivity were detected in cirrhotic, but not normal, livers. FAP immunoreactivity was most intense on perisinusoidal cells of the periseptal regions within regenerative nodules (15 of 15 cases); this pattern coincides with the tissue remodelling interface. In addition, human FAP was expressed by cells within the fibrous septa (10 of 15 cases). Cell morphology, location, and colocalization with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) indicated that FAP is present on HSC in vivo . Similarly, isolated HSC expressed FAP in vitro . Both natural FAP from cirrhotic liver and recombinant FAP were shown to have gelatinase and dipeptidyl peptidase activities. FAP is a cell–bound, dual–specificity dipeptidyl peptidase and gelatinase expressed by activated HSC at the tissue remodelling interface in human cirrhosis. FAP may contribute to the HSC–induced extracellular matrix (ECM) changes of cirrhosis.
Why Britons should be grateful for the NHS
Authors: Jane Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

colleagues (p 548) randomised 273 women aged 18-50 who had started short term treatment with oral antibiotics for non-gynaecological infections giving them lactobacillus orally or vaginally, or both, or standard care in association with their antibiotic treatment.They found that, overall, 23% of the women developed post-antibiotic vulvovaginitis; compliance was high, but lactobacillus treatment was ineffective.
THE SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF REGADENOSON IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE: THE FIRST PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION
Authors: Maria Octavia Rangel, Marwan Wassouf, Rizcallah Dick, Raysa C. Morales-Demori, Rojina Pant, Bosko Margeta, Rami Doukky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Sharing electronic health records
Authors: Trina Adams
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-The Data Protection Act 1998 does not prohibit the processing of personal information for medical research purposes.Indeed, it is clear from section 33 of the act that such processing is expressly permitted.If it were otherwise, then the act would be in direct conflict with the core aims of the laws that underpin it-namely, the Council of Europe Convention of 1981 and the European Union Directive of 1995.These laws seek to facilitate data processing activities, primarily "free flows" of information, rather than suppress data processing.The problems to which Peto et al refer in their editorial on data protection, informed consent, and research are not Data Protection Act problems but, rather, problems caused by ignorance and misunderstanding. 1 With basic training on the key mechanisms of the act the problems of which the authors complain can be easily overcome.Training need not be an expensive task either.Legal compliance can be achieved at comparatively modest cost.There are two additional points of note.Firstly, the Data Protection Act regulates the processing of personal information relating to living individuals.Thus, research following death is not regulated.Secondly, the act and case law make clear that information will not be "personal data" if it does not identify a living person or if it does not have the individual as its focus or is not significantly biographical.So, if medical researchers do not actually need or seek identification information the act should not be engaged.
Hazardous wastes in eastern and central Europe: technology and health effects.
Authors: D O Carpenter, M Cikrt, W A Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Issues of hazardous waste management are major concerns in the countries of eastern and central Europe. A National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-supported conference was held in Prague, Czech Republic, as a part of a continuing effort to provide information and promote discussion among the countries of eastern and central Europe on issues related to hazardous wastes. The focus was on incineration as a means of disposal of hazardous wastes, with discussions on both engineering methods for safe incineration, and possible human health effects from incineration by-products. Representatives from government agencies, academic institutions, and local industries from 14 countries in the region participated along with a few U.S. and western European experts in this field. A series of 12 country reports documented national issues relating to the environment, with a focus on use of incineration for hazardous waste disposal. A particularly valuable contribution was made by junior scientists from the region, who described results of environmental issues in their countries.
Effects of Fenofibrate Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in 9,795 Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Various Components of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Russell Scott, Richard O'Brien, Greg Fulcher, Chris Pardy, Michael d'Emden, Dana Tse, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Christian Ehnholm, Anthony Keech
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We explored whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and the effects of fenofibrate differed in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome and according to various features of metabolic syndrome defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) in subjects with type 2 diabetes in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its features was calculated. Cox proportional models adjusted for age, sex, CVD status, and baseline A1C levels were used to determine the independent contributions of metabolic syndrome features to total CVD event rates and the effects of fenofibrate.More than 80% of FIELD participants met the ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Each ATP III feature of metabolic syndrome, apart from increased waist circumference, increased the absolute risk of CVD events over 5 years by at least 3%. Those with marked dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides >or=2.3 mmol/l and low HDL cholesterol) were at the highest risk of CVD (17.8% over 5 years). Fenofibrate significantly reduced CVD events in those with low HDL cholesterol or hypertension. The largest effect of fenofibrate to reduce CVD risk was observed in subjects with marked dyslipidemia in whom a 27% relative risk reduction (95% CI 9-42, P = 0.005; number needed to treat = 23) was observed. Subjects with no prior CVD had greater risk reductions than the entire group.Metabolic syndrome components identify higher CVD risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, so the absolute benefits of fenofibrate are likely to be greater when metabolic syndrome features are present. The highest risk and greatest benefits of fenofibrate are seen among those with marked hypertriglyceridemia.
Fever, Anemia, and Hyperhaptoglobinemia
Authors: HERBERT S. BOWMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two patients with occult renal cell carcinoma had a herald state characterized by the extrarenal signs of fever, "refractory" anemia, and hyperhaptoglobinemia. Nephrectomy initially corrected these abnormalities. The mechanisms of this extrarenal triad and its use in the earlier diagnosis of hypernephroma are discussed.
Deficiency for mannan-binding lectin is associated with antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives
Authors: F Seibold, A B W Boldt, B Seibold-Schmid, A M Schoepfer, B Flogerzi, S Muller, J F J Kun
Journal: Gut (2006)

Deficiency for mannan-binding lectin is associated with antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a member of the collectin family and is an important component of the innate immune response.Three different MBL alleles in coding exon 1 (point mutations in codons 52, 54 and 57) result in low serum levels of MBL. 1 Earlier, we described cellular and humoral immune reactivity of a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease to mannans, a cell wall antigen of yeasts. 2 The humoral immune response in these patients is commonly known as antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA).In a previous paper, we found considerably more patients with Crohn's disease with low MBL serum levels to be ASCA positive than in the subgroup with high MBL levels.The homozygotic or compound heterozygotic mutations in the exon were associated with the development of ASCA in patients with Crohn's disease. 3his is in contrast with the data reported in this journal by another group that found an increased prevalence of ASCA in patients with MBL mutations in exon 1, which however, did not reach significance in their large independent cohort of patients with Crohn's disease. 4n this paper, we confirmed in another cohort that patients with low serum MBL or MBL deficiency were considerably more often ASCA positive as compared with patients with normal levels of MBL.Low MBL levels (defined as ,500 ng/ml) were found in 30 of 52 (58%)
Pedal dermatophyte infection in psoriasis
Authors: N. Hamnerius, J. Berglund, J. Faergemann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Dermatophyte infections have been considered rare in psoriasis. However, there are data indicating that tinea unguium is as common or even more common in psoriasis compared with healthy controls. Tinea unguium is generally a secondary event to tinea pedis infection.To study the prevalence of tinea pedis and tinea unguium in psoriasis compared with a control group.Consecutive psoriasis outpatients aged 18-64 years attending a department of dermatology were examined. Samples for direct microscopy and culture were taken from the interdigital spaces, soles and toenails. Consecutive patients without signs of psoriasis or atopic dermatitis seeking examination of moles constituted the control group.In total, 239 patients with psoriasis and 245 control patients were studied. The prevalence of tinea pedis was 8.8%[95% confidence interval (CI) +/- 3.6%] in the psoriasis group and 7.8% (95% CI +/- 3.4%) in the control group. The corresponding figures for prevalence of tinea unguium were 4.6% (95% CI +/- 2.7%) and 2.4% (95% CI +/- 1.9%), respectively. The differences found in the psoriasis vs. the control groups were not statistically significant.This study does not support the hypothesis that the prevalence of tinea pedis and tinea unguium in patients with psoriasis differs from that in a normal population.
Hepatitis B Antigen in Families of Blood Donors
Authors: B. BERRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The family members of 46 volunteer Red Cross blood donors positive for HB Ag were tested for HB Ag. The prevalence of positive relatives was 13%, compared with 0.15% in the donors. Seventeen of the 18 positive relatives were from families who originated in countries where the HB Ag carrier rate is high and only 1 was from countries where it is low. The prevalence of positive kindred from high-prevalence countries was 23%, and it seemed to be more related to ethnic origin than country of birth. Among the first-degree relatives the positive members were approximately equally distributed among siblings, parents, and offspring. None of 28 marital partners was positive. Whether the family clustering is owing to an epidemiologic or genetic relationship requires further study.
Visceral leishmaniasis masquerading as myelodysplasia
Authors: Petros Kopterides, Spyridon Halikias, Nikolaos Tsavaris
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We report a case of a 61‐year‐old man with head and neck cancer who presented with pancytopenia two months after the completion of his chemotherapy and was diagnosed with myelodysplasia on the basis of two bone marrow examinations, before the correct diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was established with splenectomy. Am. J. Hematol. 74:198–199, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laboratory-Acquired Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Poh Lian Lim, Asok Kurup, Gowri Gopalakrishna, Kwai Peng Chan, Christopher W Wong, Lee Ching Ng, Su Yun Se-Thoe, Lynette Oon, Xinlai Bai, Lawrence W Stanton, Yijun Ruan, Lance D Miller, Vinsensius B Vega, Lyn James, Peng Lim Ooi, Chew Suok Kai, Sonja J Olsen, Brenda Ang, Yee-Sin Leo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This report describes a graduate student in microbiology in Singapore in whom fever and respiratory symptoms led to the diagnosis of infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus in September 2003. The student had worked with a vial of West Nile virus, but an epidemiologic investigation found SARS virus contaminating the vial.
Dangerous liaisons: flirtations between oncogenic BRAF and GRP78 in drug-resistant melanomas
Authors: Shirish Shenolikar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

BRAF mutations in aggressive melanomas result in kinase activation. BRAF inhibitors reduce BRAFV600E tumors, but rapid resistance follows. In this issue of the JCI, Ma and colleagues report that vemurafenib activates ER stress and autophagy in BRAFV600E melanoma cells, through sequestration of the ER chaperone GRP78 by the mutant BRAF and subsequent PERK activation. In preclinical studies, treating vemurafenib-resistant melanoma with a combination of vemurafenib and an autophagy inhibitor reduced tumor load. Further work is needed to establish clinical relevance of this resistance mechanism and demonstrate efficacy of autophagy and kinase inhibitor combinations in melanoma treatment.
Drowning and Electrocution
Authors: R. T. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1940)

In this country 781 deaths from accidental drowning occurred during the year 1937, and 806 deaths from suicide by drowning.During the same year there were seventy-nine deaths from technical electricity but none from lightning, though in 1936 nineteen persons met their death in the latter way.Under war conditions it is certain that there will be an increase in the number of deaths due to drowning and to electrocution.These two apparently diverse conditions are linked together as common forms of asphyxial death, as conditions of suspended animation in which all the ordinary clinical tests for death are entirely fallacious, and as conditions requiring immediate, pro- longed, and persistent artificial respiration.If the essen- tial uinderlying factors in these two conditions were more fully appreciated and the value of prolonged artificial respiration more generally realized many more lives would be saved by the efforts of medical men, first-aid workers, and trained workmen.Apparent death due to drowning or electrocution is likely to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, and dramatic- ally, at sea, by the sea, in the river or swimming-bath, or in the home, factory, or power station, etc.Such acci- dents occur under conditions in which onlookers are apt to lose their heads, and in circumstances far removed from those of hospital practice.For these reasons I have concentrated mainly on those methods of resuscitation which can be applied at once and on the spot, and which do not involve the use of complicated apparatus such as is hardly likely to be available under the conditions in which these accidents usually occur.In apparent death from drowning or electrocution immediate, prolonged, and persistent artificial respiration is the fundamental method of treatment. Artificial RespirationThe method most often employed in this country, DROWNING AND tion, and corneal reflex, mtist not be accepted.Death should only be assumed in the presence of rigor mortis, cooling of the body, or post-mortem staining.Drown.ng Drowning accidents may be brought about by ship- wreck or as the result of the victim's ignorance, foolhardi- ness, or fatigue; they may also be due to the onset of sudden illness or cramp or the presence of old-standing disease.But not all apparently dead persons die as the
Upper Abdominal Pain—An Unusual Symptom of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Marcia L. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The majority of patients with ectopic pregnancy are recognized by the symptom triad of amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding. Occasionally the diagnosis is difficult because some patients complain of ambiguous symptoms such as dizziness, shoulder pain, nausea, or urinary frequency. I present a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a patient who had no symptoms referable to the pelvis or lower abdomen. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 30-year-old woman, para 1, was admitted to the hospital with a 12-hour history of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and epigastric pain, which had begun suddenly during coitus. For one week before admission she had experienced nausea and epigastric pain radiating around both flanks. Her last menses had occurred eight weeks before, and she suspected that she was pregnant. There had been no vaginal spotting. Past history was notable in that she had undergone appendectomy and right ovarian cystectomy
US relaxes sugar ban for people with diabetes
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The American Diabetes Association has released new nutritional guidelines for diabetes control, relaxing dietary restrictions on high sugar content foods.

The association reviews and updates its dietary advice for diabetics every five to seven years. The revised recommendations (Diabetes Care 2002;25:148-98, 200-12) replace those issued in 1994 and are based on current research findings.

The new guidelines emphasise an evidence based approach and the importance of total carbohydrate intake, rather …
Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Angina Pectoris or Myocardial Infarction in U.S. Male Physicians
Authors: Carlos A. Camargo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Although previous studies have found that moderate alcohol intake decreases the risk for myocardial infarction, many clinicians question the validity of this finding. Furthermore, the relation of moderate drinking to the risk for other events, such as angina pectoris, is not known. Objective: To determine whether moderate alcohol intake decreases the risk for angina pectoris or myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: United States. Participants: 22 071 apparently healthy male physicians who were 40 to 84 years of age between 1981 and 1984. Measurements: Responses to annual questionnaires. Results: Through 1994, 1368 cases of new-onset angina and 690 cases of myocardial infarction had been documented. In multivariate analyses that controlled for several potential confounders, alcohol intake was strongly and inversely associated with the risk for each event (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with men who consumed less than one drink per week, those who consumed one drink per day had relative risks of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.81) for angina and 0.65 (CI, 0.52 to 0.81) for myocardial infarction. These associations were seen when either nondrinkers or occasional drinkers were used as the reference group. Conclusions: Moderate drinking decreases the risk for angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men.
Estimated Asthma Exacerbation Reduction from Omalizumab in an Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Population
Authors: Thomas B. Casale, Theodore A. Omachi, Benjamin Trzaskoma, Shashidhar Rao, Willis Chou, Benjamin Ortiz, Volkan Manga, Ratko Djukanovic
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)