tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Silencing of Fas-associated Death Domain Protects Mice from Septic Lung Inflammation and Apoptosis
Authors: Naoyuki Matsuda, Seiji Yamamoto, Ken-ichi Takano, Shun-ichiro Kageyama, Yusuke Kurobe, Yasunori Yoshihara, Yasuo Takano, Yuichi Hattori
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and its resultant organ failure and new therapeutic approaches and targets are urgently needed. Accumulating evidence suggests that apoptosis plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and that apoptosis may be detrimental in septic acute lung injury (ALI).Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that systemic administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Fas-associated death domain (FADD), which recruits procaspase-8 into the death-inducing signaling complex, may be protective in septic ALI and mortality.Methods: Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in BALB/c mice. In vivo delivery of siRNA was performed by using a transfection reagent at 10 hours after CLP. As a negative control, animals received nonsense (scrambled) siRNA.Measurements and Main Results: In CLP-induced septic mice, surface expression of death receptors was up-regulated, and FADD was highly expressed. DNA fragmentation ladder and transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays showed that treatment with FADD siRNA suppressed apoptosis induction in septic lungs. This siRNA treatment prevented the ALI development in CLP mice, as indicated by the findings that blood-gas derangements, histologic lung damage, and increased pulmonary inflammatory cells were greatly improved. Finally, FADD siRNA administration dramatically improved the survival of CLP mice.Conclusions: These results indicate the pathophysiologic significance of the death receptor apoptotic pathway, including FADD, in septic ALI and the potential usefulness of FADD siRNA for gene therapy of the septic syndrome.
Handbook of Cancer Diagnosis and Staging: A Clinical Atlas
Authors: David T. Carr
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Learning all about the diagnosis and staging of the many varieties of cancer is a great challenge to medical students and residents. Learning to do it in a cost-effective manner is even more difficult. No book could make this task simple, but this handbook gives the student an outline that will introduce the subject.  The text is based on the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The flow charts for each primary site of cancer present a simplified concept of how to approach each problem and solve it. The illustrations of roentgenograms are well chosen and show the abnormalities clearly. The diagrams of the various manifestations of cancer give a simple and easily comprehended concept of the pathology of these diseases.  This is not an adequate substitute for one of the comprehensive texts on oncology but it is a good introduction to the subject
Test for quinolone resistance in typhoid fever
Authors: Christopher M Parry, Lilani Karunanayake, J Brian S Coulter, Nicholas J Beeching
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Bhutta summarised current issues in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever.1 We highlight the need for the use of appropriate laboratory methods to detect clinically significant quinolone resistance.

Quinolone resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi have reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 0.1 mg/l and 1 mg/l compared with wild type strains …
The Febrile Child and Occult Bacteremia
Authors: Jerome O. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Febrile illnesses are a part of growing up. Children may have three or more illnesses with fever in each of the first three years of life.1 Most episodes are minor, will resolve without the use of antimicrobial agents, and are caused by a viral infection. Many febrile illnesses have an identifiable focus of infection, such as middle-ear infection. But in approximately 3 to 10 percent of febrile children, invasive bacterial infection is present and may be documented by a blood culture. Because the bacteremia is usually unsuspected, it is termed "occult bacteremia," and most children are cared for outside the . . .
Synopsis of Dermatology
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This first-rate new text wants to provide the nondermatologist with "concise but pertinent information, methods of diagnosis, and the treatment of common and some uncommon skin disorders." It fulfills this goal exceptionally well, achieving a difficult compromise between the short outline and the encyclopedic reference work. Concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are fully up-to-date and are presented in a clear straightforward manner that is refreshingly free of eponyms and obsolete terminology. A chapter on regional diagnosis is well conceived and useful. The illustrations are superb and the references carefully chosen, although insufficient in number for follow-up of many subjects. Although the organization and classification of disease entities is unconventional, often illogical, and hard to follow, this shortcoming is offset by a good index. Inevitably, omissions and oversimplification occur in a book of this type. In general, the authors give appropriate stress to disorders most commonly encountered. The most pervasive
Ventricular Fibrillation Causes Sudden Death in Southeast Asian Immigrants
Authors: CATHERINE M. OTTO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Young, male, Southeast Asian immigrants living in the United States have a high incidence of unexplained, sudden, nocturnal death. We report the cases of three patients, two Laotians and one Filipino, who were resuscitated and subsequently studied extensively. Each patient was having ventricular fibrillation when first examined by paramedics outside the hospital, and episodes of fibrillation recurred in the early hospital course. Clinical evaluation found no significant coronary atherosclerosis or structural cardiac disease. One patient is asymptomatic after 2 years; the second patient died suddenly at 4 months; and the third is asymptomatic but had inducible ventricular tachycardia on electrophysiologic testing 6 months after resuscitation. The mechanism of sudden death in young Southeast Asian men appears to be ventricular fibrillation. The cause of the arrhythmia is unclear, although in our patients the arrhythmia was not an isolated event; underlying predispositions to further cardiac arrest persisted.
Effects of Pacing on Stationary Reentrant Activity
Authors: Jorge M. Davidenko, Remy Salomonsz, Arkady M. Pertsov, William T. Baxter, José Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract It is well known that electrical pacing may either terminate or change the rate and/or ECG appearance of reentrant ventricular tachycardia. However, the dynamics of interaction of reentrant waves with waves initiated by external pacing are poorly understood. Prevailing concepts are based on simplistic models in which propagation occurs in one-dimensional rings of cardiac tissue. Since reentrant activation in the ventricles occurs in two or three dimensions, such concepts might be insufficient to explain the mechanisms of pacing-induced effects. We used numerical and biological models of cardiac excitation to explore the phenomena, which may take place as a result of electrical pacing during functionally determined reentry. Computer simulations of a two-dimensional array of electrically coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo cells were used to predict the response patterns expected from thin slices of sheep ventricular epicardial muscle, in which self-sustaining reentrant activity in the form of spiral waves was consistently initiated by premature stimulation and monitored by means of video mapping techniques. The results show that depending on their timing and shape, externally induced waves may collide with the self-sustaining spiral and result in one of three possible outcomes: (1) direct annihilation of the spiral, (2) multiplication of the spiral, or (3) shift of the spiral center (ie, core). Multiplication and shift of the spiral core were attended by changes in rate and morphology of the arrhythmia as seen by “pseudo-ECGs.” Furthermore, delayed termination (ie, termination of the activity one to three cycles after the stimulus) occurred after both multiplication and shift of the spiral center. Both numerical predictions and experimental results support the hypothesis that whether a pacing stimulus will terminate a reentrant arrhythmia or modify its ECG appearance depends on whether the interactions between the externally induced wave and the spiral wave result in the de novo formation of one or more “wavebreaks.” The final outcome depends on the stimulus parameters (ie, position and size of the electrodes and timing of the stimulus) as well as on the position of the newly formed wavebreak(s) in relation to that of the original wave.
Roll Back Malaria: a failing global health challenge:Options for malaria control need to be weighed
Authors: Ahmed A Abdel-Hameed Adeel
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Yamey says that only increased support from donor groups can save the Roll Back Malaria campaign.1 Three tools for malaria control are now offered for donors to support: nets, insecticides, and drugs. We should weigh our options before investing …
Histamine release from human basophils in vitro and IgE-binding to recombinant (r) pathogenesis-related (PR) Bet v 1-homologue soybean protein rSAM22: Explanation for soy-induced anaphylactic reactions and severe oral allergy syndrome (OAS) in birch pollen-allergic subjects
Authors: Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Anna Martin, Andrea Wangorsch, Dring N Crowell, Uwe-Frithjof Haustein, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Antiulcerogenic activity of Scutia buxifolia on gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats
Authors: Aline Augusti Boligon, Robson Borba de Freitas, Thiele Faccim de Brum, Emily Pansera Waczuk, Cláudia Vargas Klimaczewski, Daiana Silva de Ávila, Margareth Linde Athayde, Liliane de Freitas Bauermann
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Gastric ulcers affect many people around the world and their development is a result of the imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Scutia buxifolia, commonly known as coronilha, has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its pharmacological properties and its potential therapeutic applications. In this study, the preventive effects of the crude extract of Scutia buxifolia (ceSb) against gastric ulcer induced by 70% ethanol were evaluated in male Wistar rats. In addition, the composition of ceSb was clarified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). S. buxifolia extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) attenuated oxidative and histopathological features induced by ethanol. Moreover, all evaluated doses of ceSb caused significant (P<0.001 and P<0.0001) and dose-dependent increase in sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) levels, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, the administration of ceSb reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation produced by ethanol. The protective effect of the extract could be attributed to antioxidant compounds present in the ceSb, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which were quantified by HPLC. Thus, an antioxidant effect of the extract leads to a protection on gastric tissue. These results indicate that S. buxifolia could have a beneficial role against ethanol toxicity by preventing oxidative stress and gastric tissue injury.
Chromite ore processing residue in Hudson County, New Jersey.
Authors: T Burke, J Fagliano, M Goldoft, R E Hazen, R Iglewicz, T McKee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Chromite ore processing residue occurs at over 130 sites in Hudson County, New Jersey. Many of these sites are in urban residential areas. This waste is a result of 70 years of chromate and bichromate chemical manufacturing. At least 15% of the sites contain total chromium concentrations greater than 10,000 mg/kg, with hexavalent content ranging from about 1 to 50%. Continuing leaching of this waste results in yellow-colored surface water runoff and yellow deposits on the soil surface and inside basement walls. The chemistry, environmental fate, health effects, and human exposure potentials for this waste are described.
General Practitioner Obstetricians
Authors: C. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1970)

two subjects given oral protein, the endogenous secretin reached levels similar to those observed in the infusion studies2 and they were sustained, supporting our conten- tion "that the augmenting effect of [these] intestinal hormones on insulin release occurs only in the presence of raised levels of plasma amino-acids," the protein meal providing not only the amino-acids but also a major stimulus to both secretin and pancreozymin release.-Iam, etc.,
RasGAP-derived peptide GAP159 enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HCT116 cells
Authors: Hao Zhang, Shenghua Zhang, Hongwei He, Caixia Zhang, Yi Chen, Dongke Yu, Jianhua Chen, Rongguang Shao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

To increase the efficacy of currently used anti-cancer genotoxins, one of the current efforts is to find agents that can sensitize cancer cells to genotoxins so that the efficacious doses of genotoxins can be lowered to reduce deleterious side-effects. In this study, we reported that a synthetic RasGAP-derived peptide GAP159 could enhance the effect of chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (CDDP) in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Our results showed that GAP159 significantly increased the CDDP-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HCT116 cells. This synergistic effect was associated with the inhibitions of phospho-AKT, phospho-ERK and NF-κB. In mouse colon tumor CT26 animal models, GAP159 combined with CDDP significantly suppressed CT26 tumor growth, and GAP159 alone showed slight inhibitory effect. Our data suggests that co-treatment of GAP159 and chemotherapeutics will become a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancers.
Public Awareness, Perception, and Use of Online Physician Rating Sites
Authors: David A. Hanauer, Kai Zheng, Dianne C. Singer, Achamyeleh Gebremariam, Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Patients are increasingly turning to online physician ratings, just as they have sought ratings for other products and services. Much of what is known about these sites comes from studies of the ratings left on them.1 Little is known about the public’s awareness and use of online physician ratings, and whether these sites influence decisions about selecting a physician.
From mental hospitals to jails: the pendulum swings
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

"Irresponsible deinstitutionalization"—release of mentally ill patients from psychiatric hospitals—is turning this country's 4,000 county and local jails into the new mental hospitals and returning care of the mentally ill to the deplorable conditions that prevailed more than 300 years ago, according to clinical psychologist Lawrence M. Cohen, MEd. Speaking at the Seventh National Conference on Medical Care and Health Services in Correctional Institutions sponsored in Chicago by the American Medical Association and American Health Care Consultants, Cohen, who is director of the Psychological Social Services Unit at Burlington County Jail, Mount Holly, NJ, said, "We are still in the Stone Age as regards treating the mentally ill in jails." Statistics show that patients dismissed from mental hospitals have begun to merge with the populations of local lockups. Writing in the 1983 edition of<i>Crime and Justice</i>, an annual review of research in the field, John Monahan, PhD, a professor of
Anthropometry in 5- to 9-Year-Old Greenlandic and Ukrainian Children in Relation to Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances
Authors: Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, Martine Vrijheid, Damaskini Valvi, Henning Sloth Pedersen, Valentyna Zviezdai, Bo A.G. Jönsson, Christian H. Lindh, Jens Peter Bonde, Gunnar Toft
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

In some animal studies, perfluorinated alkyl substances are suggested to induce weight gain. Human epidemiological studies investigating these associations are sparse.We examined pregnancy serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and the prevalence of offspring overweight (> 1 SD) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) > 0.5 at 5-9 years of age.Sera from 1,022 pregnant women enrolled in the INUENDO cohort (2002-2004) from Greenland and Kharkiv (Ukraine) were analyzed for PFOA and PFOS using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Relative risks (RR) of being overweight and having WHtR > 0.5 in relation to continuous and categorized (tertiles) PFOA and PFOS were calculated at follow-up (2010-2012) using generalized linear models.Pooled PFOA median (range) was 1.3 (0.2-5.1) and PFOS median (range) was 10.8 (0.8-73.0) ng/mL. For each natural logarithm-unit (ln-unit) increase of pregnancy PFOA, the adjusted RR of offspring overweight was 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 1.53] in Greenlandic children. In Ukrainian children, the adjusted RR of offspring overweight was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.72, 1.44) for each ln-unit increase of pregnancy PFOA. Prenatal exposure to PFOS was not associated with overweight in country-specific or pooled analysis. The adjusted RR of having WHtR > 0.5 for each ln-unit increase of prenatal exposure to PFOA was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.74) in the pooled analysis. For 1-ln-unit increase of prenatal exposure to PFOS, the adjusted RR of having a WHtR > 0.5 was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.82) in the pooled analysis.The results indicate that prenatal PFOA and PFOS exposures may be associated with child waist-to-height ratio > 0.5. Prenatal PFOA and PFOS exposures were not associated with overweight.
Can a dietary supplement prevent pre-eclampsia?
Authors: L. Smeeth, D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2011)

L-arginine with vitamins show promise, but there are good grounds for caution

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy syndrome that is defined as the gestational onset of hypertension and proteinuria; it affects 2-8% of first time pregnant mothers and has a marked international variation.1 The highest incidence of maternal mortality as a result of pre-eclampsia is in Latin America and the Caribbean, where it accounts for a quarter of maternal deaths.2 Most of these maternal deaths are caused by uncontrolled hypertension and multi-organ failure. A simple, cheap, and safe intervention to prevent pre-eclampsia would have a major impact on global health. In the linked randomised trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.d2901), Vadillo-Ortega and colleagues assess whether supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine (the substrate for synthesis of the vasodilatory gas, nitric oxide) and antioxidant vitamins in a medical food reduces pre-eclampsia in a high risk population.3

Despite its simple definition, pre-eclampsia is a complex syndrome with multiple causes that can present with a variety of clinical features. For this reason, a single treatment is unlikely to be effective in all women at risk. As our understanding of pre-eclampsia improves, new therapeutic options emerge. Over the past 20 years, low dose aspirin and calcium supplements have had partial success in preventing …
Comparison of a New Lancet and a Hypodermic Needle for Skin Prick Testing
Authors: ASGER DIRKSEN, HOLGER MOSBECH, MOGENS SØBORG, INGELISE BIERING
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Skin prick tests with a standard allergen panel were carried out in duplicate (one on each arm) on all patients referred to an allergy out‐patient clinic. A new lancet with 1‐mm point length and a disposable hypodermic needle were used. Patients were randomized to lancet‐needle, lancet‐lancet, or needle‐needle, and the skin prick tests were done by experienced or inexperienced nurses. The mean of the biggest and smallest diameters was used as a measure of the size of the wheal. Skin reactions from a total of 142 patients were included. For both lancet and needle a significant difference was noted when comparing experienced versus inexperienced investigators' reproducibility expressed as coefficient of variation. There was no significant difference in reproducibility when comparing lancet and needle results, and no significant difference in wheal size when comparing with histamine references. Surprisingly, the reactions on left arms were generally larger than those on right arms.
Abstract 3182: Tobacco smoke induces pulmonary neuroendocrine alterations <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Wei Xie, Zhaofeng Liang, Ying Yin, Chunfeng Xie, Hao Geng, Li Zhao, Rui Wu, Xiaoting Li, Feifei Deng, Jieshu Wu, Shanshan Geng, Mingming Zhu, Jianyun Zhu, Weiwei Zhu, Cong Huang, Caiyun Zhong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tobacco smoke is the leading cause of lung cancer. High-grade malignant pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, including small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), are almost exclusively associated with tobacco smoking. Unanalogous to most of other lung tumors such as squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma or carcinoid, no precursor lesions for high-grade lung neuroendocrine tumors have so far been identified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of tobacco smoke on pulmonary neuroendocrine alterations in phenotypically normal cells in vivo. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to tobacco smoke for 6h/day, 7days/week for 12 weeks. Pulmonary histology, neuroendocrine differentiation as well as MAPK/AP-1 activation were examined in lung tissues. Exposure to tobacco smoke significantly induced expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers such as chromogranin A, neural cell adhesion molecule/(CD56), synaptophysin, and neuron specific enolase, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR. The expression levels of epithelial markers, including E-cadherin, zona ocludens-1, cytokeratin 5 and involucrin, were downregulated by tobacco smoke. Moreover, tobacco smoke significantly increased levels of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38, while it suppressed p-ERK5 level. Expression of Jun and Fos proteins were differentially regulated by tobacco smoke. Taken together, the present study provides experimental evidence for the first time that tobacco smoke induces pulmonary neuroendocrine differentiation, shedding new light on the carcinogenic process of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Citation Format: Wei Xie, Zhaofeng Liang, Ying Yin, Chunfeng Xie, Hao Geng, Li Zhao, Rui Wu, Xiaoting Li, Feifei Deng, Jieshu Wu, Shanshan Geng, Mingming Zhu, Jianyun Zhu, Weiwei Zhu, Cong Huang, Caiyun Zhong. Tobacco smoke induces pulmonary neuroendocrine alterations in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3182. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3182