tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Moving from recommendation to implementation and audit: Part 1. Current recommendations and programs: a critical commentary
Authors: C. Carbon, O. Cars, K. Christiansen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)

Growing concern over the spread of resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobials has prompted a plethora of recommendations for its control. Strategic programs for resistance containment have been initiated in various countries, particularly in Western Europe and North America. The World Health Organization and the European Union have responded to the need for international action by publishing guidance and encouraging collaboration. These recommendations rightly focus on controlling resistance in the community. They agree on the importance of surveillance of resistance patterns and antibiotic usage and the need to encourage judicious antibiotic usage (especially through education of prescribers and the public). Yet there remains a pressing need for the implementation of effective actions to address these issues. Important considerations given less attention include infection prevention (e.g. through immunization), the use of rapid diagnostic tests to reduce antibiotic usage, audit of implemented actions, and the provision of feedback. Furthermore, research is necessary to fill the substantial gaps in our knowledge. Notably, the reversibility or containment of resistance with the optimization of antibiotic usage has yet to be definitely established. For now, antimicrobial management programs should focus on ensuring the most appropriate use of antimicrobials rather than simply on limiting choices. Finally, developed countries must recognize that a truly global approach to resistance containment will require greater support for developing countries.
C-Reactive Protein Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -10 in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ines Montero, Josune Orbe, Nerea Varo, Oscar Beloqui, José I. Monreal, José A. Rodríguez, Javier Díez, Peter Libby, José A. Páramo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Evidence of Cartilage Repair by Joint Distraction in a Canine Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Karen Wiegant, Femke Intema, Peter M. van Roermund, Angelique D. Barten‐van Rijbroek, Arie Doornebal, Herman A. W. Hazewinkel, Floris P. J. G. Lafeber, Simon C. Mastbergen
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by cartilage, bone, and synovial tissue changes that lead to pain and functional impairment. Joint distraction is a treatment that provides long-term improvement in pain and function accompanied by cartilage repair, as evaluated indirectly by imaging studies and measurement of biochemical markers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cartilage tissue repair directly by histologic and biochemical assessments after joint distraction treatment.In 27 dogs, OA was induced in the right knee joint (groove model; surgical damage to the femoral cartilage). After 10 weeks of OA development, the animals were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Two groups were fitted with an external fixator, which they wore for a subsequent 10 weeks (one group with and one without joint distraction), and the third group had no external fixation (OA control group). Pain/function was studied by force plate analysis. Cartilage integrity and chondrocyte activity of the surgically untouched tibial plateaus were analyzed 25 weeks after removal of the fixator.Changes in force plate analysis values between the different treatment groups were not conclusive. Features of OA were present in the OA control group, in contrast to the generally less severe damage after joint distraction. Those treated with joint distraction had lower macroscopic and histologic damage scores, higher proteoglycan content, better retention of newly formed proteoglycans, and less collagen damage. In the fixator group without distraction, similarly diminished joint damage was found, although it was less pronounced.Joint distraction as a treatment of experimentally induced OA results in cartilage repair activity, which corroborates the structural observations of cartilage repair indicated by surrogate markers in humans.
Activated recombinant factor VIIa should not be used in patients with refractory variceal bleeding: It is mostly ineffective, is expensive, and may rarely cause serious adverse events
Authors: Margaret S. Sozio, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: Two randomized controlled studies have evaluated the effect of recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) on variceal bleeding in cirrhosis without showing significant benefit. The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of the two trials on individual patient data with special focus on high risk patients. Methods: The primary outcome measure was the effect of rFVIIa on a composite five day endpoint: failure to control bleeding, 5-day rebleeding or death. Analysis was based on intention to treat. High risk was defined as active bleeding on endoscopy while under vasoactive drug infusion and Child-Pugh score &gt;8. Results: 497 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis; 308 (62%) had active variceal bleeding at endoscopy (oozing or spurting) and 283 of these had a Child-Pugh score &gt;8. Analysis on the composite endpoint in all patients with bleeding from oesophageal varices did not show any beneficial treatment effect. However, failure rate for the primary composite end-point was significantly lower in treated patients with active bleeding at endoscopy (17%) compared to placebo (26%, p = 0.049). This difference was highly significant in patients with Child-Pugh score &gt;8 and active bleeding at endoscopy (rFVIIa 16%, placebo 27%; p = 0.023). No significant treatment effect was found at 42 days. Five thromboembolic events occurred in rFVIIa treated patients compared to none in placebo treated patients. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis shows a beneficial effect of rFVIIa on the primary composite endpoint of control of acute bleeding, prevention of rebleeding day 1-5 and 5-day mortality in patients with advanced cirrhosis and active bleeding from oesophageal varices at endoscopy. A major drawback of the treatment is a potential increased risk of arterial thrombo-embolic events. This treatment might be considered in patients with lack of control of bleeding after standard treatment.
Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner
Authors: Susan M. Galloway, Kenneth P. McNatty, Lisa M. Cambridge, Mika P.E. Laitinen, Jennifer L. Juengel, T. Sakari Jokiranta, Robert J. McLaren, Kaisu Luiro, Ken G. Dodds, Grant W. Montgomery, Anne E. Beattie, George H. Davis, Olli Ritvos
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Abstract 17595: The Value of Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring in the Emergency Department: a Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Study
Authors: Leonie L Rose Bovino, Michele M Pelter, Mayur M Desai, Vanessa Jefferson, Laura K Andrews, Marjorie Funk
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: The AHA Practice Standards for ECG Monitoring recommend continuous ST-segment monitoring (C-STM) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but few studies have evaluated its use in the ED. Our aims were to compare the time to diagnosis and 30-day adverse events (return to the ED with signs and/or symptoms of ACS, hospital admission, acute myocardial infarction, use of reperfusion therapy, or mortality) before and after implementation of C-STM. We also evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of C-STM in detecting ischemia or infarction, using stress test and troponin I results as reference standards. Methods: We prospectively studied 163 adults (pre-intervention phase: n=78; intervention phase: n=85) in the ED at a single hospital. We stratified patients into low (n=51), intermediate (n=100), or high (n=12) risk using HEART scores. The principal investigator monitored participants, activating C-STM on bedside monitors in the intervention phase. We used likelihood ratios (LRs) as the measure of diagnostic accuracy. By convention, a positive (+) LR is diagnostic at &gt;10 and a negative (-) LR at &lt;0.1. Results: Overall, 9% of patients were diagnosed with ACS. There was no significant difference in median time to ACS diagnosis before and after implementation of C-STM (5.55 vs. 5.98 hours; p=0.43 for Mann-Whitney U test). In risk-stratified analyses, no significant pre-post difference in time to ACS diagnosis was found in low-, intermediate-, or high-risk patients. There was no difference in the rate of any 30-day adverse event before vs. after C-STM implementation (11.5% vs. 10.6%; p=0.85 Chi-squared test). None of 3 episodes of ST-segment changes on C-STM represented ACS. The +LR and -LR of C-STM for ischemia were 24.0 (95% CI 1.4 - 412.0) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.02 - 2.9), respectively; and for infarction were 13.7 (95% CI 1.7 - 112.3) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.3 - 1.5), respectively. Conclusion: In this sample of mainly low- to intermediate-risk patients, use of C-STM did not improve time to diagnosis or 30-day adverse outcomes, nor provide much benefit in detecting myocardial ischemia or infarction. Use of C-STM may need to be re-evaluated for patients with low to intermediate risk for ACS in the ED.
Abstract P191: Erythrocyte Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Weight Gain, and Risk of Becoming Overweight in Middle-aged and Older Women
Authors: Lu Wang, JoAnn E Manson, Susanne Rautiainen, J. Michael Gaziano, Julie E Buring, Michael Y Tsai, Howard D Sesso
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Laboratory studies suggest that ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have divergent effects on the development of obesity. Epidemiologic studies comparing the associations for ω3 and ω6 PUFA are limited. Objective: We prospectively examined whether the baseline proportions of ω3 and ω6 PUFAs on erythrocyte membranes were associated with the risk of becoming overweight and changes in body weight in the Women’s Health Study (WHS). Methods: We identified WHS participants in a previous nested case-control study of hypertension who reported a body mass index (BMI) &lt;25 kg/m 2 at baseline. Baseline fatty acid (FA) composition of erythrocyte membranes was measured as biomarkers of dietary FA intake using gas chromatography. Women who subsequently reported a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 during follow-up were defined as becoming overweight. Body weight change was calculated as the difference in reported body weight from baseline to annual follow-up questionnaires. Results: Among 534 women with baseline BMI &lt;25 kg/m 2 , 186 became overweight during an average of 10 years of follow-up. After initial adjustment for age, race, randomized treatment, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for becoming overweight across increasing quartiles of erythrocyte PUFA were 1.00, 0.77 (0.49-1.21), 1.12 (0.75-1.67), and 1.19 (0.79-1.77) for cis ω6 PUFA (p, trend: 0.31), 1.00, 0.90 (0.61-1.31), 0.76 (0.51-1.13), 0.71 (0.45-1.10) for cis ω3 PUFA (p, trend: 0.09), and 1.00, 1.37 (0.84-2.22), 1.57 (1.01-2.43), and 1.58 (1.01-2.46) for ω6 to ω3 PUFA ratio (p, trend: 0.046). Additional adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors did not substantially attenuate these associations, with HR (95% CI) of 1.00, 1.26 (0.76-2.08), 1.44 (0.91-2.28), and 1.56 (0.97-2.51) across increasing quartiles of ω6 to ω3 PUFA ratio (p, trend: 0.064). Analysis of longitudinal change in body weight showed similar associations. After multivariable adjustment, the mean±standard error of weight gain over an average of 10 years of follow-up across increasing quartiles of erythrocyte PUFA were 2.34±0.49, 1.92±0.53, 2.86±0.54, and 3.10±0.53 kg for cis ω6 PUFA (p, trend: 0.04), 2.97±0.52, 2.60±0.53, 2.74±0.53, 2.16±0.51 kg for cis ω3 PUFA (p, trend: 0.095), and 2.13±0.51, 2.65±0.54, 2.77±0.53, 2.98±0.52 kg for ω6 to ω3 PUFA ratio (p, trend: 0.05). trans PUFA 18:2 was not associated with the risk of becoming overweight or longitudinal weight gain. Analyses of joint categories of ω3 and ω6 PUFA did not show significant interaction . Conclusion: In this prospective study, we found suggestive evidence that the proportion of cis ω6 PUFA on erythrocyte membrane was positively associated, and cis ω3 PUFA inversely associated, with the risk of becoming overweight and weight gain in initially normal-weight women.
A 50-year prospective study of the psychological sequelae of World War II combat
Authors: K A Lee, G E Vaillant, W C Torrey, G H Elder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors took advantage of a 50-year prospective study of World War II veterans to examine the predictors and correlates of combat exposure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and trait neuroticism.The subjects were 107 veterans who had been extensively studied before and immediately after serving overseas in World War II. All served as members of the study until the present time, and 91 completed questionnaires of both PTSD symptoms and neuroticism.In this study group, variables associated with positive psychosocial health in adolescence and at age 65 predicted combat exposure. Combat exposure and number of physiological symptoms during combat stress--but not during civilian stress--predicted symptoms of PTSD in 1946 and 1988. Combat exposure also predicted early death and study attrition. Psychosocial vulnerability in adolescence and at age 65 and physiological symptoms during civilian stress--but not during combat stress--predicted trait neuroticism at age 65.Combat exposure predicted symptoms of PTSD but not nonspecific measures of psychopathology. Premorbid vulnerability predicted subsequent psychopathology but not symptoms of PTSD.
DRUG REACTIONS XVII.
Authors: John Almeyda, Ashley Levantine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article DRUG REACTIONS XVII: Cutaneous Reactions to Barbiturates, Chloral Hydrate and its Derivatives Get access John Almeyda, John Almeyda The London Hospital, E.l Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ashley Levantine Ashley Levantine The London Hospital, E.l Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 1972, Pages 313–316, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02239.x Published: 01 March 1972
578. Enhancement of GM-CSF Secreting Tumor Cell Vaccines by Docetaxel through Immune-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Rodney A. Prell, Lisa Sampson, Melinda VanRoey, Karin U. Jooss
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with irradiated GM-CSF-secreting B16F10 tumor cells stimulates potent, long-lasting and specific anti-tumor immunity that prevents tumor growth in most mice subsequently challenged with wild-type B16F10 cells. However, this protection is less effective when GM-CSF-producing tumor cell vaccines are administered to mice with preexisting tumor burden. Docetaxel is a semi-synthetic taxane that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against breast, prostate, ovarian and other solid tumors. The tumoricidal activity of docetaxel is mainly attributed to its ability to block microtubule depolymerization thus inducing G2-M arrest and apoptosis. However, mounting evidence suggests that docetaxel also possesses immunomodulatory activity such as augmenting macrophage and lymphokine activated killer activity as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These properties make docetaxel an interesting chemotherapeutic agent to combine with other cancer immunotherapies.
Abstract 4208: Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)-3 and the C-X-C chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 promote tumor aggessiveness and radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sisi Jiang, Evangeline Mose, Giovanni Coppola, Andrew Lowy, Christina Jamieson, Nicholas A. Cacalano
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite recent advances in our understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), it remains a poorly understood, devastating disease that is largely resistant to all standard treatment modalities. Much effort has been made to identify novel tumor suppressor genes, biomarkers of metastatic behavior, and targets for molecular therapeutics that can improve prognosis and quality of life for PDA patients. Despite the finding that the pro-inflammatory C-X-C family chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 are expressed in a significant fraction of human PDA tissues and are known to promote metastasis in bladder and breast cancer, very little is known of its regulation and its role in the progression of PDA. Our laboratory has identified a mechanism by which CXCL1 expression is regulated in human PDA. CXCL1/2 expression is repressed by the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-3 and conversely, the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)-3, a STAT3 inhibitor, promotes CXCL1/2 gene activation and pro-inflammatory signaling in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human PDA cell lines. Ectopic expression of SOCS3 in the ASPC1 PDA cell line induces CXCL1 and CXCL2 expression and drives resistance to radiation and gemcitibine treatment. Further, using an orthotopic xenograft model of human PDA in immunodeficient mice, we demonstrated the in vivo relevance of this pathway. We found that mice injected with human SOCS3-positive human PDA cells have a survival time compared and develop more aggressive disease compared to mice injected with control cells. We hypothesize that CXCL1and CXCL2 promote human PDA pathogenesis by two mechanisms: (i) autocrine activation of the CXCR2 receptor expressed on human pancreatic cancer cells and (ii) pro-inflammatory recruitment of neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Sisi Jiang, Evangeline Mose, Giovanni Coppola, Andrew Lowy, Christina Jamieson, Nicholas A. Cacalano. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)-3 and the C-X-C chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 promote tumor aggessiveness and radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4208. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4208
Regulation of glomerular basement membrane collagen expression by LMX1B contributes to renal disease in nail patella syndrome
Authors: Roy Morello, Guang Zhou, Sandra D. Dreyer, Scott J. Harvey, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, Paul S. Thorner, Jeffrey H. Miner, William Cole, Andreas Winterpacht, Bernhard Zabel, Kerby C. Oberg, Brendan Lee
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Antibiotic Prescribing for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Masahito Jimbo
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Abstract 18678: Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement -Is Anticoagulation Protective?
Authors: Anitha Rajamanickam, Kaylan Mucci, Sandeep Basnet, Ravinder Rao, Jimmy Yee, Usman Baber, George Dangas, Annapoorna Kini, David Adams, Samin Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Stroke continues to be the most dreaded and quality of life limiting complication of transcutaneous aortic valve replacement [TAVR]. We sought to describe the effects of Anticoagulation[AC] on post TAVR rates of stroke/transient ischemic attack[TIA] and death. METHODS: 196 patients [116 self expanding and 80 balloon expandable] underwent TAVR from December 2010 to August 2013 at our institution. 1 month follow up was completed on all patients and 1 year follow up was available on 105 patients[TAVR prior to September 2012]. Of these, 59 patients were discharged on AC [55 on Coumadin, 4 on Dabigatran] and 137 patients without AC [NO-AC] RESULTS: Atrial fibrillation/flutter[AF] incidence was higher with patients on AC vs NO-AC [ 73% vs 26% ,p &lt;0.001] . There was no difference in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, prior MI or stroke, history of thromboembolism, prior gastrointestinal bleed , anemia or cirrhosis. Strokes/TIA after discharge on AC was seen in only 1 patient [subtherapeutic INR of 1.5] and 1 patient had an intracranial bleed on dabigatran vs 5 NO-AC patients [1.7% vs 3.7%, p=0.670].Mortality at I year [13.5 % AC vs 20.4% NO-AC p= 0.3167] - Figure 1. Statistical significance in primary outcomes was not met due to small number of patients CONCLUSION: AC patients showed a trend towards improved survival and stroke rates. This difference can be hypothesized by the reduction in thromboemboli formation at the level of the valve struts. Further studies randomizing TAVR patients to AC and NOAC is needed to see if this observed difference translates to reduction in mortality and strokes.