tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How long is it possible to continue the chemotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer?
Authors: Y. Onishi, M. Goto, F. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, M. Hatae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5126 Background: Although the majority of women with advanced ovarian cancer will recur, there is no standard regimen for these patients. We evaluated toxicity and number of chemotherapy courses for recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: Since 1991, sixty-five patients with recurrent ovarian cancer have received chemotherapy. Of 65 patients, 16 women had more than 10 courses of same regimen of paclitaxel or carboplatin as the second or the third or the forth line chemotherapy. Retrospective chart view was performed and clinical data obtained. Toxicity and disease status were assessed in all patients. Results: Median age of the patients is 57 y.o.( range 35 to 69). Eleven patients had platinum based chemotherapy without paclitaxel and 5 patients received platinum plus paclitaxel chemothrapy as the first line therapy. Median interval from the end of the first line chemotherapy to recurrence was 12 months (range 1–108 months). Three patients received single agent carboplatin for 12, 23 and 63+ courses. Fourteen patients received 10 to 52+ courses of paclitaxel (median 17). Nine patients received paclitaxel and carboplatin altanatively. The median follow-up duration was 41 months (range: 9–126). Eight patients are alive with disease and continuing chemotherapy. Conclusions: Today, we do not have standard regimen for recurrent ovarian cancer and many new drugs are under clinical study. At time of last follow up, upto 63 courses of carboplatin and upto 52 courses of paclitaxel therapy were possible. Carboplatin and paclitaxel is widely used as the first line chemotherapy and the toxicities are well known. Then these drugs are familiar and easy to use for clinicians. For some group of recurrent patients, those two drugs are also effective and tolerable to use for multiple courses as single agent for a long duration and contribute to prolongate these patients life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
James Braid's psychophysiology: a turning point in the history of dynamic psychiatry
Authors: N M Kravis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

James Braid is both a neglected and integral figure in the history of dynamic psychiatry. With the introduction of his neurophysiologic theory of hypnosis in the early 1840s he buried Mesmer's doctrine of animal magnetism and established hypnotic phenomena as data suitable for scientific inquiry. He subsequently elaborated a sophisticated psychophysiology with emphasis on the psychology of suggestion and the phenomenon of double consciousness. His espousal of hypnotism as a tool of scientific investigation and his innovative use of hypnosis to cure hysterical paralysis profoundly influenced the debates of the 1880s and 1890s concerning suggestive therapeutics and the nature of hypnosis.
Early Homeostatic Expansion of Regulatory T Cells with the Predominant Effector/Memory Phenotype May Stabilize Immune Recovery in the First Month after HSCT
Authors: Takanori Yoshioka, Yusuke Meguri, Takeru Asano, Taro Masunari, Kumiko Kagawa, Koichi Nakase, Yoshinobu Maeda, Mitsune Tanimoto, Ken-ichi Matsuoka
Journal: Blood (2014)
Staff shortages and lack of data continue to blight England’s NHS and care regulator
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

England’s regulator of health and adult social care services is understaffed and lacks the information it needs to monitor adult social care or its own performance, the public spending watchdog has said.

It is still not known how efficient or effective the Care Quality Commission is or what the organisation’s effect is on the quality of care, the National Audit office has said in its new report.1

The CQC was set up in 2008 to combine the responsibilities of three existing inspectorates, but it was widely criticised in 2011 and 2012 by various bodies, including the National Audit Office, the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, and the Department of …
Frequency and predictors of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in morbidly obese (BMI ≥40) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Zuleyha Bingol, Gulseren Sagcan, Gulfer Okumus, Esen Kiyan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is not routinely performed in obese patients and therefore the frequency of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) in these patients is unclear. Frequency of OHS increases as body mass index (BMI) increases (11% for BMI≥30, 31% for BMI≥40).

Objective: To investigate the frequency of OHS in morbidly obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: Subjects with BMI≥40 who underwent polysomnography (PSG) were included. PSG, Epworth sleepiness score (ESS), spirometry, and ABG were analyzed.

Results: Data for 355 patients (66% female, age:52.8±11.2y) were analysed. BMI:45.1±6.3kg/m2, ESS:9.4±6.2, FEV1:87.1±18.4%, FVC:89.5±17%. OSAS was identified in 91% (n=323/355) of them. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI):38.3±30.3, oxygen desaturation index (ODI):46.8±32.9, time of nocturnal saturation  10 was found in all patients (mean 72.0±30.5). Nocturnal desaturation (saturation  %30 was found in 52.8% (time spent saturation <90% was 48.07±36.96%). High BMI (p=0.008), AHI (p=0.041), ODI (p=0.004) and time spent saturation <90% (p=0.018) were risk factors related with OHS by multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion: OHS is common in morbidly obese patients with severe OSAS. The predictors that should alert clinicians to measure ABG for detecting OHS are; high BMI, AHI, ODI and time spent saturation<90%.
Seizures From Solving Sudoku Puzzles
Authors: Berend Feddersen, Christian Vollmar, Jan Rémi, Thomas Stephan, Virginia L. Flanagin, Soheyl Noachtar
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The “COLD-PCR-approach” for early and cost-effective detection of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance
Authors: Fabian Mairinger, Claudia Vollbrecht, Anna Streubel, Andreas Roth, Robert Walter, Thomas Mairinger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Activating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene mutations can be successfully treated by EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) but nearly 50% of all patients’ exhibit progression of the disease until treatment. It is proposed that this is mostly caused by therapy-resistant tumor clones harboring a T790M mutation. Until now no cost-effective routine-diagnostic method for EGFR-resistance mutation status analysis is available leaving long-time response to TKI treatment to chance. Unambiguous identification of T790M EGFR mutations is mandatory to optimize initial treatment strategies.  Material and Methods:  Artificial EGFR T790M mutations and human wild type gDNA were prepared in several dilution series. Preferential amplification using Co-amplification at Lower Denaturation-temperature-PCR (COLD-PCR) of the mutant sequence and subsequent HybProbe melting curve detection or pyrosequencing were performed in comparison to normal processing.  Results:  COLD-PCR based amplification allowed the detection of 0.125% T790M mutant DNA in a background of wild type DNA in comparison to 5% while normal processing. These results were reproducible.  Conclusions:  COLD-PCR is a powerful and cost-effective tool for routine diagnostic to detect underrepresented tumor clones in clinical samples. A diagnostic tool for unambiguous identification of T790M-mutated minor tumor clones is now available enabling optimized therapy.
DNA copy number alterations in squamous metaplastic lesions predict lung cancer
Authors: Robert van Boerdonk, Thomas Sutedja, Peter Snijders, Emilie Reinen, Saskia Wilting, Mark van de Wiel, Frederik Thunnissen, Sylvia Duin, Clarissa Kooi, Bauke Yistra, Chris Meijer, Gerrit Meijer, Katrien Grünberg, Johannes Daniels, Pieter Postmus, Egbert Smit, Daniëlle Heideman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

No biomarker can reliably predict cancer risk in individual subjects who present with AFB-visualized premalignant lesions. Our present study was set out to identify AFB-visualized squamous metaplastic (SqM) lesions with malignant potential by DNA copy number profiling.  Within our cohort of 474 subjects at risk of lung cancer who underwent regular AFB examinations, 6 (1.3%) subjects showed rapid progression from SqM to carcinoma ( in situ ) (cases). P53, p63 and Ki-67 immunostaining patterns and arrayCGH-based DNA copy number profiles of progressive SqM lesions (n=6) were compared to those of a subset of SqM lesions of subjects who remained cancer-free (controls; n=23). Specific DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) linked to cancer risk were identified and accuracy to predict cancer in this series was determined.  While clinicopathologic characteristics and immunostaining patterns were not related to clinical outcome of SqM, the mean number of CNAs in SqM of cases (22%, range 0.48-39%) was significantly higher as compared to controls (0.09%, range 0-1.32%, p  Our data strongly suggest that CNAs predict endobronchial cancer in individual subjects diagnosed with AFB-visualized SqM, and may be used to guide intervention to prevent lung cancer.
Recombinant interferon alfa-2a in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: assessment of antitumor activity and anti-interferon antibody formation.
Authors: R A Figlin, J B deKernion, E Mukamel, A V Palleroni, L M Itri, G P Sarna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Twenty-one patients with advanced, measurable, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were administered recombinant interferon alfa-2a (rIFN-alpha 2a) (Roferon-A; Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ) intramuscularly beginning at 3 x 10(6) units and escalating to 36 x 10(6) units, 5 d/wk for a total induction period of 14 weeks. rIFN-alpha 2a antibody production was measured using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Those sera found to be positive for presence of antibody by the EIA were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies (NA) by an antiviral neutralization bioassay (ANB). All patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 19 were evaluable for response and for incidence of antibody formation. Five patients (26%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 46%) had complete responses (CR) or partial responses (PR) with a median duration of 283 days. An additional ten patients (53%) had minor tumor regressions with a median duration of 86 days. Fifty-one percent of evaluable patients are alive at 18.6 months. Antibodies to rIFN-alpha 2a as measured by the EIA, were detected in 12 (63%) patients. NA were measured in the serum of six (50%) of those EIA-positive patients. Overall, six of 19 patients (32%) developed NA. Median time to the development of antibody as measured by EIA or NA was 8 and 14 weeks, respectively. Median NA titer was 1,200 IFN neutralizing U/mL. NA-positive and -negative patients had a median duration of response of 13.7 v 9.9 months, and survival of greater than 21.3 v 18.3 months, respectively. Clinical toxicity was mild and not therapeutically limiting. Autoantibody production (ANA, rheumatoid factor [RF], Coombs' direct/indirect) occurred in both NA-positive and -negative patients. The clinical significance of the antibodies to rIFN-alpha 2a and the associated autoantibody formation remain unclear; however, presence of antibody was not associated with adverse clinical sequelae.
Evaluation of spirometric severity in COPD using dynamic chest X-ray examination
Authors: Norihisa Motohashi, Takehiko Abe, Yuka Sasaki, Atsuko Kurosaki, Yuji Shiraishi, Hideo Ogata, Shoji Kudoh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Purpose: Spirometry which requires maximum effort tasks COPD patients. In this study, we purposed another method for evaluation of spirometric severity in COPD using dynamic chest X-ray examination without effort breathing.  Subjects: Dynamic chest X-ray from 29 normal volunteers, 13 mild COPD patients (GOLD 1 and 2) and 24 severe COPD patients (GOLD 3 and 4) were obtained in the upright position in about 10 seconds of tidal breathing at rest. The dynamic image data captured at 7.5 frames per second was synchronized with the pulsed X-ray. The institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained in all persons.  Methods: We calculated the maximum tidal peak flow rate in each ventilation phase at the corresponding small local area of lung in the series of dynamic chest X-ray. And we created the normal template of the maximum tidal peak flow rate from the data of normal volunteers. The regional relative flow rate ratio was obtained from the peak values of inspiratory phase divided by the peak values of expiratory phase.  Results: The correlation with the reference distribution of tidal peak flow rate in normal volunteers, in mild COPD and in severe COPD were 0.77±0.13, 0.69±0.15 and 0.46±0.26 (mean±SD), respectively. Significant difference was confirmed between the normal and the mild COPD (p=0.049), between the normal and the severe COPD (p=0.000) and between the mild COPD and the severe COPD (p=0.020), respectively.  Conclusion: As significant difference was confirmed between the normal and the mild COPD, a possibility is suggested that early COPD would be detectable with this technique. The new method for ventilation function has possibility to evaluate spirometric severity in COPD.
Choosing psychiatry: the importance of psychiatric education in medical school
Authors: A C Nielsen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Because of the recent decline in the number of U.S. medical graduates choosing to specialize in psychiatry, it is important to reexamine the process of how a student chooses a psychiatric career. The author explores the influence of medical school psychiatric education on the subsequent choice of a psychatric career. The quality of medical school education was measured roughly by priority scores assigned during National Institutes of Mental Health peer review of grant applicatons from medical schools across the United States. Priority scores correlated positively (.17 to .29) with the percentage of each school's graduates entering psychiatric training. The author discusses the implications of these correlations.
Effects of Xolair® in children: The X-HALE study
Authors: Matthias Kopp, Henrik Watz, Kristin Lerche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : The EU label for omalizumab (Xolair) was extended to children   This study aimed to investigate changes in quality of life (QoL), physical activity, to collect data concerning the therapy utilization of Xolair and evaluate efficacy.   Methods : The following parameters were evaluated at baseline and end of the 4–6 month study period: QoL (PAQLQ); evaluation of adolescents’ school productivity impairment; physical activity (measured over 7 days by the Sense-Wear-Pro-Armband®); practicability of administration in routine clinical practice; rate of exacerbations; emergency visits/hospitalizations; concomitant medication; physician9s assessment (GETE) and adverse events.   Results : A total of 18 patients (12.6 years) with SAA were included. Increases in PAQLQ scores (2.3) indicated QoL improvement. In addition, differences in teaching hours/week (+3.8) and missed school hours (-8.3) were shown.  Data of 12 patients were valid for analysis of physical activity and suggested no significant treatment differences.  Xolair doses and frequency of administration remained stable. Changes in co-medication were recorded in 44.4% of patients, with a reduction of ICS in 42.9%. The number of exacerbations was reduced, as were emergency visits and hospitalizations. Physicians assessed the control of asthma as excellent in 66.7% of the patients. 3 adverse events occurred, 1 (eczema) was related to Xolair.   Conclusion : Xolair was associated with an improvement in QoL, reduced the number of exacerbations and was well-tolerated in children and adolescents with SAA.
A historical perspective on the role of state hospitals viewed from the era of the "revolving door"
Authors: J L Geller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

By focusing on the functioning of a state hospital throughout its existence, the author provides a historical perspective on the nature and causes of "revolving door" admissions.Northampton State Hospital was chosen as a prototype, and data on characteristics of patients and patterns of hospital utilization were analyzed from three 10-year periods: 1880-1889, 1930-1939, and 1980-1989. The data for the first two time periods came from the hospital's admission and discharge logbooks and its annual reports; the material for the most recent decade was obtained from unpublished yearly reports generated by the hospital's medical records department.The hospital operated very differently in each of the decades analyzed, but only in the 1980s was recidivism a major finding. This was not, as has often been thought, due to problems or populations unique to the state hospital in the 1980s nor to the fact that in earlier eras the state hospital rarely discharged patients. The once-large asylum has been replaced by a facility rapidly admitting and discharging patients, many of whom have accumulated more than 10 lifetime admissions, in a pattern of care not previously noted.State hospitals have functioned in different yet questionable ways throughout their history. Their current role of providing a revolving-door pattern of care to a considerable population is rooted in a contemporary shift in ideology. This role for state hospitals appears to make no more sense than did their earlier role as neglected and neglectful asylums, and it should be reevaluated.
In vivo cell kinetics in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas predicts local control and helps guide radiotherapy regimen.
Authors: R Corvò, W Giaretti, G Sanguineti, E Geido, R Orecchia, M Guenzi, G Margarino, A Bacigalupo, G Garaventa, M Barbieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To determine whether pretherapy cell kinetics can predict local control for patients affected by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HN-SCCs) to be treated by primary radiotherapy and, moreover, guide to a choice between conventional and accelerated radiotherapy.Between 1989 and 1993, 83 patients with stage II to IV HN-SCC entered the study. Multiple primary tumor biopsies were obtained 6 hours after in vivo infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). In vivo S-phase fraction labeling index (LI), duration of S phase (Ts), and potential doubling time (Tpot) were obtained by analysis of multivariate flow-cytometric data. Between April 1989 and January 1991, 49 patients were treated by conventional radiotherapy (70 Gy in 35 fractions over 7 weeks), whereas, afterwards, 34 patients entered an accelerated radiotherapy regimen with the concomitant boost technique (75 Gy in 40 fractions over 6 weeks).Univariate analysis showed that, among patients treated by conventional radiotherapy, local control probability was affected by tumor stage (P = .02), Tpot (P < .001), and LI (P = .04). Similarly, among patients treated with accelerated radiotherapy, we found that local control probability was related to tumor stage (P = .03) and primary tumor site (P = .05). For the subgroup of patients with tumors characterized by fast growth (Tpot < or = 5 days), accelerated radiotherapy gave a better local control rate than conventional radiotherapy (P = .02). Cox multivariate analysis of the total number of patients showed that the only significant independent prognostic factors related to local control were tumor stage (P = .002) and Tpot (P = .004). Moreover, when the Cox analysis was restricted to the subgroup of patients treated with conventional radiotherapy, Tpot was the most significant factor to predict local outcome (P < .01).Pretreatment tumor Tpot appears to be an important independent prognostic factor for local control of HN-SCC treated by primary radiotherapy.
Abstract 476: Attenuated Activities of Mitochondria in Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed to Oxidized or Glycated Low Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Garry X Shen, Subir K Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Hyperglycemia and dyslipoproteinemia are two major biochemical markers of diabetes. Elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a classical risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and glycated LDL (gly-LDL) increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells. ROS is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and diabetic vascular complications. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS in the body. We hypothesize that ox-LDL or gly-LDL might affect the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain. We evaluated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) using OROBORS oxygraph. The oxygraph was used as a highly sensitive tool to evaluate mitochondrial complex activity in freshly harvested and digitonin-permeabilized PAEC (for Complex I, the rotenone-sensitive oxidation of glutamate + malate in the presence of ADP; Complex II, antimycin A-sensitive oxidation of succinate; Complex IV, potassium cyanide-sensitive oxidation of ascorbate + TMPD). The oxygen consumption in Complex I, II and IV of PAEC was significantly decreased by &gt;12 h of incubation with LDL, ox-LDL or gly-LDL compared to control cultures. Attenuated activity of succinate cytochrome C reductase was detected in EC treated with LDL, ox-LDL or gly-LDL for 24 h. Decreased levels of respiratory control ratio were detected in EC treated with LDL or ox-LDL for 6 h, but not for 2 h, compared to control. Impaired activity of mitochondrial complexes can cause electron leakage in the respiratory chain and substantially increase ROS formation. The findings suggest that oxidized or glycated LDL attenuates mitochondrial activities in vascular EC, which may contribute to increased ROS generation and endothelial dysfunction induced by the atherogenic lipoproteins (supported by operating grants from Canadian Institute of Health Research and Canadian Diabetes Association).