tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The future of preschool vision screening services in Britain
Authors: J. S Rahi, C. Dezateux
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: offering hope for a term pregnancy and a healthy child?We need a common approach to definition and detection of birth defects O ne of the most recent techniques of assisted reproduction, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, offers hope for those suffering from subfertility, and particularly male factor infertility.This hope is tempered by worry, since couples who undergo this procedure might never become pregnant or, if they do, may not carry the pregnancy to term.Added to these known risks are theoretical risks regarding birth defects: intracytoplasmic sperm injection involves fertility drugs, chemical baths, and physical procedures, any of which could increase malformation rates.Moreover, if left to nature, the sperm manipulated by this procedure would probably not produce a pregnancy, and these sperm themselves may carry an increased risk for birth defects.Some reassurance about these theoretical concerns was offered recently when researchers from Belgium reported that major birth defects affected only 3.3% (14) of 423 children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 1 a rate no higher than in the general population.In the current issue, however, Kurinczuk and Bower provide a less reassuring interpretation. 2 Using the classification scheme and data from the highly regarded Western Australia birth defects registry, they note that many major defects in the Belgian series had been incorrectly classified as minor.Reclassification yielded 31 major defects, or 7.38%; compared with the Western Australian rate of 3.78%, the risk of major defects following intracytoplasmic sperm injection was increased twofold.Although the Belgian group has expanded its experience to 877 children, with an overall major malformation rate of 2.6%, 3 these later findings are based on the same analytic approach and may similarly be called into question.On the other hand, researchers from New York recently found only nine major malformations among 578 babies born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 4 a rate of only 1.6%-less than half that in Western Australia.Even if the six minor defects they identified were reclassified as major, the resulting rate of 2.6% is still below the expected.Do these findings suggest that birth defect risks can be minimised if couples undergo this procedure in New York rather than Belgium, or might something else explain these discrepant results?The Western Australia researchers correctly argue that for comparisons of birth defect rates to be valid, investigators must use the same definition of what Correction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
TCT-579 One year clinical outcome of biodegradable and permanent polymer drug-eluting stents for multivessel disease or long lesion (≥28mm) in patients with stable and unstable angina
Authors: Jun-Won Lee, Sung Gyun Ahn, Ji-Hyun Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon, Young-Jin Youn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Phase I Study of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Ken-ichi Fujimoto, Seiya Kato, Hiroaki Mizukami, Sayaka Asari, Kunihiko Ikeguchi, Tadataka Kawakami, Masashi Urabe, Akihiro Kume, Toshihiko Sato, Eiju Watanabe, Keiya Ozawa, Imaharu Nakano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Gene transfer of dopamine-synthesizing enzymes into the striatal neurons has led to behavioral recovery in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) into the putamen of PD patients. Six PD patients were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months, using multiple measures, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), motor state diaries, and positron emission tomography (PET) with 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine (FMT), a tracer for AADC. The short-duration response to levodopa was measured in three patients. The procedure was well tolerated. Six months after surgery, motor functions in the OFF-medication state improved an average of 46% based on the UPDRS scores, without apparent changes in the short-duration response to levodopa. PET revealed a 56% increase in FMT activity, which persisted up to 96 weeks. Our findings provide class IV evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of AADC gene therapy and warrant further evaluation in a randomized, controlled, phase 2 setting.
921. In Vivo Non Viral Gene Delivery of BMP-9 Regenerates Non Union Bone Defect
Authors: Nadav Kimelman, Gadi Pelled, Yoram Zilberman, Evellin Zeira, Hagit Yotvat, Eitan Galun, Jinzhong Li, Gregory A. Helm, Dan Gazit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

One of the major obstacles to be addressed by approaches to gene therapy in regenerative medicine remains the attainment of an optimal gene delivery method. Recent indications point out in-vivo electroporation as a safe, simple and effective gene delivery method. Therefore, we hypothesized that direct in vivo electroporation of an osteogenic gene (BMP-9) into a nonunion radial bone defect site would induce complete bone regeneration and fracture repair. Plasmid luciferase (pLuc) and plasmid bone morphogenetic protein–9 (pBMP9) were amplified using standard procedures. A 2.5-mm segmental defect was created in the radius bone of C3H/HeN mice. Three days later, the mice were anesthetized with a 40-ul mixture of xylazine and ketamine, designated electroporation sites were shaven, and pLuc, pBMP9, or PBS was injected into the bone defect. The amount of DNA was determined to be 50 ug based on prior experiments performed in the thigh muscle. Immediately postinjection the skin was covered with 40% glycerol in PBS and transcutaneous electric pulses were applied using two 1-cm cube electrodes placed 2 to 4 mm apart at both sides of the limb. To generate pulses an ECM 830 electroporator was used. To monitor transgene expression in the defect site noninvasively and quantitatively, luciferase activity was detected in vivo in real time by using the Roper Chemiluminescence Imaging System. For a detailed qualitative and quantitative three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of bone formation in the defect, we scanned the electroporated limbs with a high-resolution micro-CT (uCT) system during the experiment. Seven weeks after electroporation the mice were sacrificed, and the dissected limbs were subjected to high-resolution uCT scanning which enabled us to quantitatively analyze the bone formation at the site of the defect. To determine how many copies of plasmid DNA were delivered and expressed in the defect site, DNA and RNA were extracted from the bone defect site 3 days after electroporation with pLuc and pBMP-9. Our results based on the uCT analysis of the radii electroporated with pBMP9 demonstrated massive bone formation surrounding the bone defect. No bone formation was noted in limbs electroporated with pLuc or PBS (1a). Non-invasive, quantitative molecular imaging of electroporated radii indicated that the luciferase gene was expressed in the defect site up to 24 days after electroporation, with peak expression on Day 10 (1b). Our results indicate for the first time that regeneration of bone in a nonhealing bone defect can be attained using in vivo electroporation of an osteogenic gene. Moreover, our method may pave the way for the regeneration of other skeletal tissues such as cartilage and tendon.
THE SUPERINFECTION OF THE RABBIT PAPILLOMA (SHOPE) BY EXTRANEOUS VIRUSES
Authors: Jerome T. Syverton, George Packer Berry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. The potentialities that viruses have for the superinfection of virus tumors have not been recognized nor has the fact that a single cell can harbor more than one virus. 2. Rabbit papillomas, induced by the papilloma virus (Shope), were superinfected by B virus, myxoma virus, vaccinia virus, and probably, virus III. Similar attempts at superinfection by herpes virus were without success. The criteria for parasitization included the histopathological finding of specific inclusion bodies, the recovery of each virus by suitable animal passage, and the immunological identification of each virus. 3. Papillomas and probably the individual cells thereof were readily infected simultaneously by two viruses when the combination of B virus and myxoma virus was used. 4. Cells of the Shope papilloma have a selective affinity for certain extraneous viruses introduced at a site distant from the tumor growths. It was found that exceptionally few cells in the basal layers of the epidermis escaped when myxoma virus was used as the superinfecting agent. 5. The cells of an epidermoid carcinoma which terminated the rabbit papilloma-to-carcinoma sequence were readily infected by B virus with resultant multiple intranuclear inclusion bodies in single cells. 6. Attempts to establish a prolonged superinfection of cells of the Shope papilloma by virus III were unsuccessful. This rabbit tumor differs therein from the Brown-Pearce tumor, an epithelioma of rabbits, in its susceptibility to infection with virus III.
Blunted Myocardial Oxygenation Response During Vasodilator Stress in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Sairia Dass, Joseph Suttie, Emily Sever, Jacqueline Birks, Cameron J. Holloway, Matthew D. Robson, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Hugh Watkins, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

This study sought to assess myocardial perfusion and tissue oxygenation during vasodilator stress in patients with overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), as well as in HCM mutation carriers without left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and to compare findings to those in athletes with comparable hypertrophy and normal controls. Myocardial perfusion under vasodilator stress is impaired in patients with HCM. Whether this is associated with impaired myocardial oxygenation and tissue ischemia is unknown. Furthermore, it is not known whether perfusion and oxygenation are impaired in HCM mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A total of 27 patients with overt HCM, 10 HCM mutation carriers without LVH, 11 athletes, and 20 healthy controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanning at 3-T. Myocardial function, perfusion (perfusion reserve index [MPRI]), and oxygenation (blood-oxygen level dependent signal intensity [SI] change) under adenosine stress were assessed. MPRI was significantly reduced in HCM (1.3 ± 0.1) compared to controls (1.8 ± 0.1, p < 0.001) and athletes (2.0 ± 0.1, p < 0.001), but remained normal in HCM mutation carriers without LVH (1.7 ± 0.1; p = 0.61 vs. controls, p = 0.02 vs. overt HCM). Oxygenation response was attenuated in overt HCM (SI change 6.9 ± 1.4%) compared to controls (18.9 ± 1.4%, p < 0.0001) and athletes (18.7 ± 2.0%, p < 0.001). Interestingly, HCM mutation carriers without LVH also showed an impaired oxygenation response to adenosine (10.4 ± 2.0%; p = 0.001 vs. controls, p = 0.16 vs. overt HCM, p = 0.003 vs. athletes). In overt HCM, both perfusion and oxygenation are impaired during vasodilator stress. However, in HCM mutation carriers without LVH, only oxygenation is impaired. In athletes, stress perfusion and oxygenation are normal. CMR assessment of myocardial oxygenation has the potential to become a novel risk factor in HCM.
M4 The impact of an asthma inreach service on asthma management and follow up
Authors: L Taylor, B Castell, J Willis-Chan, M O'Shea, M Masoli
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Suboptimal discharge management of asthmatic patients increases risk of early re-hospitalisation leading to avoidable burden on healthcare services. Previous BTS asthma audits have demonstrated that discharge planning was an area for improvement. In Sept 2011 we developed an asthma Inreach team (2 band 6 nurses, 1.3 whole time equivalents) to improve asthma inpatient care. In Oct 2012 this service was expanded to actively trace all patients who had attended the Emergency Department (ED) in the previous 24hrs and arrange follow up in an asthma nurse specialist clinic (ANS) within one week. We evaluated the impact of this service. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was extracted from clinic letters. The asthma Inreach team reviewed patients admitted to the respiratory wards and a proforma was used to document interventions. <h3>Results</h3> ED: Between Oct 2012 to May 2013, there were 215 patients with 245 attendances to ED. 12 patients were readmitted within 30days. Only 26 (12%) patients were known to chest clinic. 138 (64%) attended follow up in the ANS clinic. 70 (51%) had poor compliance issues addressed. 48 (22%) had a significant change in treatment and 30 (14%) were referred onto the difficult asthma clinic. All received written asthma management plans (WAMP). Asthma Inreach: Between Sept 2011 to May 2013, the asthma inreach team undertook 240 reviews on 213 patients. 142 (68%) patients given WAMP 91 (43%) inhaler technique initially poor improved with education. 65 (27%) had poor compliance. 155 (73%) patients were subsequently followed up in ANS clinic. 30 day readmission rate decreased from 2.7% in 2011/12 to 1.9% in 2012/13. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that the introduction of an asthma inreach service &amp; ANS clinic has significantly improved asthma management, follow up according to BTS guidelines and reduced 30 day readmissions. A significant number of patients had evidence of poor compliance, poor inhaler technique, lack of WAMP which was addressed by the asthma team. A number of patients were more complex and required review in the difficult asthma clinic.
Clinical Investigation of the Portacaval Shunt
Authors: Wayne W. Peternel, Angelo E. Dagradi, Arvey I. Rogers, Hector M. Nadal, Edward B. Perrin, Francis C. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 83 patients with liver cirrhosis, an esophagogram after administration of barium sulfate, an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, and a portogram after percutaneous injection of an opaque material into the spleen were compared for diagnostic value in demonstrating esophageal varices. The diagnosis was established by esophagoscopy in 81, by splenoportography in 61, and by barium esophagogram in 55. Large varices were frequently missed by barium esophagograms as well as by splenoportograms. The mean splenic-pulp pressure was similar when patients with endoscopically demonstrated varices and normal portograms were compared with those whose portogram showed varices. Moreover, there was no apparent relation between portal pressure and variceal size. A time lapse between studies of as long as two months had no apparent influence on the incidence of positive diagnoses obtained.
Mapping It Out: Using Atlases To Detect Patterns in Health Care, Disease, and Mortality
Authors: Linda Gundersen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Current Clinical Issues18 July 2000Mapping It Out: Using Atlases To Detect Patterns in Health Care, Disease, and MortalityLinda GundersenLinda GundersenAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail "In health care, geography is destiny." So says the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care in the United States, which describes health care utilization according to geographic patterns. Although this atlas provides data on health care delivery, other atlases present geographic patterns of data germane to the interests of internists, researchers, and epidemiologists, including incidence and prevalence of specific diseases by age and sex and death from various causes.The value of medical atlases lies in their unique ability to provide tremendous amounts of information about the relation between disease and location in a concise, visual, easy-to-read format, primarily maps. These ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Linda Gundersen PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMultivariate Bayesian meta-analysis: joint modelling of multiple cancer types using summary statisticsPreliminary Design of an Interactive Web-based Platform for Regional Health Profiles of BulgariaInnovation in population health intervention researchMortality Statistics and their Contribution to Improving the Knowledge of Rare Diseases Epidemiology: The Example of Hereditary Ataxia in EuropeTrends in 30-Day Readmission Rates for Patients Hospitalized With Heart FailureDevelopment of the Health Atlas of Jalisco: A New Web-Based Service for the Ministry of Health and the Community in MexicoGeoreferencing Incidents from Locality Descriptions and its Applications: a Case Study from Yosemite National Park Search and RescueSpatio-temporal trends of mortality in small areas of Southern SpainUncontrolled Migrations as a Cause of Inequality in Health and Mortality in Small-area StudiesThe misuse of count data aggregated over time for disease mappingRural habitat and risk of death in small areas of Southern SpainGIS in Public Healthcare PlanningMedical Mapping: The Revolution in Teaching—and Using—Maps for the Analysis of Medical Issues 18 July 2000Volume 133, Issue 2 Page: 161-162 Keywords Cardiovascular therapy Databases Health care Health care utilization Health information technology Lung and intrathoracic tumors Mortality Prevention, policy, and public health Racial and ethnic issues Statistical data ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 July 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Macrophage subsets and osteoimmunology: tuning of the immunological recognition and effector systems that maintain alveolar bone
Authors: Corneliu Sima, Michael Glogauer
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract Chronic and aggressive periodontal diseases are characterized by the failure to resolve local inflammation against periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival biofilm. Alveolar bone resorption is associated with altered innate and adaptive immune responses to periodontal pathogens. Macrophage‐derived cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, present in both destructive and reparative phases of periodontitis, are elevated in numerous animal and human studies. Macrophage polarization to either a predominantly pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory phenotype may be a critical target for monitoring disease activity, modulating immune responses to subgingival biofilms in patients at risk and reducing alveolar bone loss.
Abstract B27: The differential effect of all-trans retinoic acid and fenretinide in regulating differentiation and apoptosis, respectively of liver cancer cell
Authors: Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan, Nathan Bushue, Hui Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (RA) and its synthetic analog fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide] have very different effect on cancer cells. All-trans RA is a powerful differentiation agent and fenretinide is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer that causes apoptosis of various types of cancer cell. It seems that both differentiation and apoptosis effect of these retinoids is mediated through retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ). In addition, both chemicals can induce the level of RARβ mRNA. However, our data showed that all-trans RA was a more effective RARβ inducer than fenretinide. The induction occurred within 30 min upon all-trans RA treatment vs. 3 hrs after fenetinide treatment in Huh7 cells. Moreover, both chemicals induced the expression level of LC3. However, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, a hallmark of autophagy, was substantially higher in all-trans RA than fenretinide treated Huh7 cells. These data suggested the all-trans RA, but not fenretinide, was an effective autophagy inducer. In addition, the level of signaling adaptor p62, which is crucial for activation of death receptors and caspase 8-mediated apoptosis, was significantly lower in all-trans RA than fenrentinide treated Huh7 cells. Consequentially, all-trans RA-mediated autophagy might reduce ROS generation and inhibit apoptosis, whereas fenretinide caused ROS generation and cell death. The role of RARβ in differential regulation of LC3 expression and conversion as well as p62 expression remains to be determined. Taken together, the differential autophagy induction and p62 degradation might account for the different effect of all-trans RA and fenretinide in controlling the fate of liver cancer cells. (This research is supported by NIH grant CA53596.) Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B27
Sodium valproate in pregnancy.
Authors: R W Orrell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

that it is considered desirable to detect (and avoid) fetuses with Down's syndrome, the triple test is a more efficient way of doing this.Dr Bogart, on the other hand, by focusing on the costs of avoiding a birth of a baby with Down's syndrome, relative to the costs generated by such a birth is considering the cost benefit programme.Cost benefit analysis, rather than being used to compare alternative programmes, informs the decision whether to set up a programme at all, according to whether or not there is a net benefit to society.We would not wish to conjure up some arbitrary cut off cost below which it is deemed useful to set up a screening and detection programme to avoid the birth of babies with Down's syndrome.Economics cannot provide the answers to what is essentially a social ethical issue.
A Longitudinal Study of Abnormalities on MRI and Disability from Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Peter A. Brex, Olga Ciccarelli, Jonathon I. O'Riordan, Michael Sailer, Alan J. Thompson, David H. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In patients with isolated syndromes that are clinically suggestive of multiple sclerosis, such as optic neuritis or brain-stem or spinal cord syndromes, the presence of lesions as determined by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain increases the likelihood that multiple sclerosis will develop. We sought to determine the relation between early lesion volume, changes in volume, and long-term disability.
HDAC1 and HDAC2 control the transcriptional program of myelination and the survival of Schwann cells
Authors: Claire Jacob, Carlos N Christen, Jorge A Pereira, Christian Somandin, Arianna Baggiolini, Pirmin Lötscher, Murat Özçelik, Nicolas Tricaud, Dies Meijer, Teppei Yamaguchi, Patrick Matthias, Ueli Suter
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)