tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression and analysis of a split premature termination codon in FGG responsible for congenital afibrinogenemia: escape from RNA surveillance mechanisms in transfected cells
Authors: Marguerite Neerman-Arbez, Myrna Germanos-Haddad, Konstantinos Tzanidakis, Dung Vu, Samuel Deutsch, Armelle David, Michael A. Morris, Philippe de Moerloose
Journal: Blood (2004)
Body mass index and risk of liver cirrhosis in middle aged UK women: prospective study
Authors: B. Liu, A. Balkwill, G. Reeves, V. Beral
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and liver cirrhosis and the contribution that BMI and alcohol consumption make to the incidence of liver cirrhosis in middle aged women in the UK. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study (Million Women Study). <b>Setting</b> Women recruited from 1996 to 2001 in NHS breast screening centres and followed by record linkage to routinely collected information on hospital admissions and deaths. <b>Participants</b> 1 230 662 women (mean age 56 years at recruitment) followed for an average of 6.2 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Relative risk and absolute risk of first hospital admission with or death from liver cirrhosis adjusted for age, recruitment region, alcohol consumption, smoking, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. <b>Results</b> 1811 women had a first hospital admission with or died from liver cirrhosis during follow-up. Among women with a BMI of 22.5 or above, increasing BMI was associated with an increased incidence of liver cirrhosis: the adjusted relative risk of cirrhosis increased by 28% (relative risk 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.38; P&lt;0.001) for every 5 unit increase in BMI. Although the relative increase in the risk of liver cirrhosis per 5 unit increase in BMI did not differ significantly according to the amount of alcohol consumed, the absolute risk did. Among women who reported drinking less than 70 g alcohol per week, the absolute risk of liver cirrhosis per 1000 women over five years was 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) for those with a BMI between 22.5 and 25 and 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) for those with a BMI of 30 or more. Among women who reported drinking 150 g alcohol or more per week, the corresponding figures were 2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) and 5.0 (3.8 to 6.6). <b>Conclusions</b> Excess body weight increases the incidence of liver cirrhosis. In middle aged women in the UK, an estimated 17% of incident or fatal liver cirrhosis is attributable to excess body weight. This compares with an estimated 42% attributable to alcohol.
Vitamin a Deficiency and Urolithiasis
Authors: E. C. van Leersum
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TnrzBEITiSn 873 pupils, low temperature, slow pulse, and appeared to be moribund.Hemiplegia was present, but there were u-o signs of fracture of the skull; both eyes liad extremely clhoked discs.After trephiniing over the posterior Kronlein poin-t and opening the dura, the patient obtained relief.The choking of the discs and the papilloedema disappeared, and she recovered health and full vision.
Three-dimensional imaging of the unsectioned adult spinal cord to assess axon regeneration and glial responses after injury
Authors: Ali Ertürk, Christoph P Mauch, Farida Hellal, Friedrich Förstner, Tara Keck, Klaus Becker, Nina Jährling, Heinz Steffens, Melanie Richter, Mark Hübener, Edgar Kramer, Frank Kirchhoff, Hans Ulrich Dodt, Frank Bradke
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Impact of microbial ecology on accuracy of surveillance cultures to predict multidrug resistant microorganisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Cristina Lopez-Ferraz, Paula Ramírez, Monica Gordon, Veronica Marti, Sara Gil-Perotin, Eva Gonzalez, Esther Villarreal, Francisco Alvarez-Lerma, Rosario Menendez, Juan Bonastre, Antoni Torres
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Quantifying pulmonary regurgitation as the difference between RV and LV stroke volumes using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: studies in a chronic animal model
Authors: Rosemary A. Rusk, Yoshiki Mori, Timothy Irvine, Antoinette Kenny, Arthur D. Zetts, Vandana Sachdev, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Cystitis in Women and Children
Authors: Herman L. Kretschmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

BY THE term "cystitis" is meant an inflammation of the urinary bladder characterized by frequency of urination, painful urination and pus in the urine. It should be remembered, however, that this clinical triad does not always mean cystitis per se, and it is because of this fact that a large number of errors in diagnosis occur.Although cystitis per se in the female — either young or old — is an exceedingly rare condition, the triad of symptoms generally interpreted as indicative of cystitis is extremely frequent in occurrence, with the result that the diagnosis of cystitis is often made . . .
Autoimmune Hypoglycemia in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient With Anti-Insulin and Insulin Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Mustafa Sahin, Neslihan Tutuncu, Nilgun Demirag Guvener
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The results of the 5th and final year, Fiscal Year 2003, are included in Table 1.We obviously did not come close to realizing this ambitious goal.In my 1998 Presidential Address, I compared the ADA to a large ship in which a new course first required a change of direction (which would occur slowly) before proceeding toward and hopefully reaching a new port.It's obvious that we have not reached that port, and realistically speaking, we probably never will.However, I would be remiss if I didn't point out the following.In each of the previous years, the increase in funding for Research Awards and Grants was much less than
An Imbalance Between Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Revealed by Use of 3-T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bradley R. Foerster, Martin G. Pomper, Brian C. Callaghan, Myria Petrou, Richard A. E. Edden, Mona A. Mohamed, Robert C. Welsh, Ruth C. Carlos, Peter B. Barker, Eva L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

A lack of neuroinhibitory function may result in unopposed excitotoxic neuronal damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).To determine whether there are reductions in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and elevations in glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels in selected brain regions of patients with ALS by use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Case-control study using short echo time and GABA-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T with regions of interest in the left motor cortex, left subcortical white matter, and pons; data analyzed using logistic regression, t tests, and Pearson correlations; and post hoc analyses performed to investigate differences between riluzole-naive and riluzole-treated patients with ALS.Tertiary referral center.Twenty-nine patients with ALS and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Fifteen patients were taking 50 mg of riluzole twice a day as part of their routine clinical care for ALS.Levels of GABA, Glx, choline (a marker of cell membrane turnover), creatine (a marker of energy metabolism), myo-inositol (a marker of glial cells), and N-acetylaspartate (a marker of neuronal integrity).Patients with ALS had significantly lower levels of GABA in the motor cortex than did healthy controls (P < .01). Patients with ALS also had significantly lower levels of N-acetylaspartate in the motor cortex (P < .01), subcortical white matter (P < .05), and pons (P < .01) and higher levels of myo-inositol in the motor cortex (P < .001) and subcortical white matter (P < .01) than did healthy controls. Riluzole-naive patients with ALS had higher levels of Glx than did riluzole-treated patients with ALS (P < .05 for pons and motor cortex) and healthy controls (P < .05 for pons and motor cortex). Riluzole-naive patients with ALS had higher levels of creatine in the motor cortex (P < .001 for both comparisons) and subcortical white matter (P ≤ .05 for both comparisons) than did riluzole-treated patients with ALS and healthy controls. Riluzole-naive patients with ALS had higher levels of N-acetylaspartate in the motor cortex than did riluzole-treated patients with ALS (P < .01).There are reduced levels of GABA in the motor cortex of patients with ALS. There are elevated levels of Glx in riluzole-naive patients with ALS compared with riluzole-treated patients with ALS and healthy controls. These results point to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters as being important in the pathogenesis of ALS and an antiglutamatergic basis for the effects of riluzole, although additional research efforts are needed.
A Colour Atlas of Rheumatology
Authors: Wendy N. Dodds
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

This is a well presented, compact colour atlas detailing the majority of rheumatological conditions which are amenable to photography.Each chapter begins with a resume of the condition under discussion followed by a mixture of clinical and X-ray pictures, each accompanied by an appropriate legend.The longest chapter deals with rheumatoid arthritis and emphasises the multi-system nature of this disease.The following chapter on juvenile chronic arthritis was the only disappointment, in that it utilised the term Still's disease more frequently than one would in clinical practice today.After dealing with inflammatory condition the author covers degenerative arthopathies, crystal arthopathies and connective tissues diseases.A picture of an LE cell is perhaps unnecessary since this test would now be obsolete in most laboratories but suppose may turn up in an examination situation.Rarer arthopathies and miscellaneous conditions are then covered.Generally the quality of the photographs is good, although a few of the X-rays have not been well reproduced.This book is recommended to fit in the pocket of any clinician, whatever their specialty or stage of career, and has the value of providing a spectrum of rheumatology that can be covered in a matter of minutes.
Influence of inflation pressure and balloon size on the development of intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty. A study in the atherosclerotic rabbit.
Authors: I J Sarembock, P J LaVeau, S L Sigal, I Timms, J Sussman, C Haudenschild, M D Ezekowitz
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To evaluate the effect of balloon size and inflation pressure on acute and subsequent outcome following balloon angioplasty (BA), 70 New Zealand White rabbits with bilateral femoral atherosclerosis were assigned to four groups: group 1, oversized balloon, low inflation pressure (n = 35 vessels; balloon size, 3.0 mm/inflation pressure, 5 atm); group 2, oversized balloon, high inflation pressure (n = 36; 3.0 mm/10 atm); group 3, appropriate size, low inflation pressure (n = 17; 2.5 mm/5 atm); and group 4, appropriate size balloon, high inflation pressure (n = 19; 2.5 mm/10 atm). Angiograms were obtained before, 10 minutes after, and 28 days after BA and read by two blinded observers using electronic calipers. The in vivo balloon-to-vessel ratio was measured for each group. There were eight non-BA controls. Rabbits were sacrificed either immediately (n = 34) or at 28 days after BA (n = 36), with the femoral vessels pressure perfused for histologic and morphometric analysis. The latter was performed at 28 days only. Absolute angiographic diameters increased in all groups immediately after BA (p less than 0.01). Acute angiographic success, defined as greater than 20% increase in luminal diameter, was higher using high inflation pressure (group 2, 32/36 [89%] and group 4, 16/19 [84%] vs. group 1, 23/35 [66%] and group 3, 9/17 [53%]; p less than 0.05). A 3.0-mm balloon resulted in significant oversizing irrespective of inflation pressure (balloon-to-vessel ratio, 1.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 1, for the 2.5-mm balloon). Vessels exposed to high inflation pressure had a significantly higher incidence of mural thrombus, dissection (p less than 0.01), and medial necrosis versus low pressure (p less than 0.05). At 28 days, the rates of restenosis (defined as greater than 50% loss of initial gain) were 14/20 (70%), 11/16 (69%), 5/10 (50%), and 5/10 (50%) for groups 1 through 4 (p = NS; a trend in favor of the groups using an oversized balloon). There was an increase in the degree of intimal hyperplasia by morphometric analysis in all groups, being most marked in group 2 (oversized balloon and high inflation pressure, 1.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.2 mm for controls, p less than 0.001). We reached two conclusions. First, all protocols resulted in a significant increase in luminal diameter immediately after angioplasty with the highest success rate in vessels subjected to high pressure dilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Impressions of medicine in India
Authors: V C Talwalker
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Nocturnal hypoglycaemia in patients receiving conventional treatment with insulin SIR,-The study by Dr S Pramming and col- leagues (10 Aug, p 376) raises the important point of what one means by nocturnal hypoglycaemia.The authors took this to be a blood glucose concentration of below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml), although this widely accepted lower limit of blood glucose concentration has been derived from daytime studies on normal subjects.The fact is that we do not know what constitutes an abnormally low blood glucose value during sleep.Consequently to label their patients as having "nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia" may be misleading.It is perhaps no surprise that none of the affected 47 patients woke up or developed any nocturnal symptoms during their period of so called noc- turnal hypoglycaemia.Studies on nocturnal variation of blood glucose concentrations in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals have shown that low glucose con- centrations may be obtained during sleep with no nocturnal symptoms or subsequent sequelae.'In both insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetics receiving treatment the blood glucose concentra- tion declines during sleep and drops to its lowest level between 0200 and 04002; thereafter there is a rise known as the dawn phenomenon.34The low glucose values that Dr Pramming and others have detected in their diabetic patients may therefore be no more than an accentuation of the physiological norm.
The relationship between wheezing and lung mechanics during methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: D P Spence, D R Graham, G Jamieson, B M Cheetham, P M Calverley, J E Earis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Wheeze is a classic sign of airflow obstruction but relatively little is known of its mechanism of production or its relationship to the development of airflow obstruction. We studied eight asthmatic subjects age (mean +/- 5D) 42 +/- 5 yr, FEV1 2.46 +/- 0.36 L during an extended, symptom-limited methacholine challenge test. Breath sounds were detected by a microphone over the right upper anterior chest. Spectral analysis was by a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Mean FEV1 fell by 51 +/- 14% to 1.28 +/- 0.61 L during the challenge and airways resistance increased by 119 +/- 50%. There were no consistent changes in breathing pattern or tidal volume during the challenge. Wheeze occurred late in the challenge at the highest concentration of methacholine administered and only after expiratory tidal flow limitation had been reached. Five subjects developed wheeze on tidal breathing, the remaining three only wheezed on deep breathing. Wheezing sounds were reproducible between breaths, coefficient of variation of starting sound frequency was 4.2% and ending frequency 12%. Mean frequency of expiratory wheezes was 669 +/- 100 Hz and inspiratory wheezes 710 +/- 76 Hz. Expiratory wheeze fell in pitch during a breath (mean fall in sound frequency 187 +/- 43 Hz) but inspiratory wheezes were more variable. Expiratory wheezes occurred late in the respiratory cycle at a mean of 58% of the maximal tidal expiratory flow, whereas inspiratory wheezes occurred around maximal tidal inspiratory flows, suggesting that the mechanisms of production of inspiratory and expiratory wheezes may be different. In this model, the presence of wheeze during tidal breathing was a sign of severe airflow limitation.
Diminishing Returns on the Road to Diagnostic Certainty
Authors: Horton A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In the quest for diagnostic certainty, one can be led into a false sense of accomplishment by the results of sensitive, specific, and well-executed diagnostic tests that provide little or no diagnostic information. This is a consequence of the fact that as one approaches diagnostic certainty the useful information returned by diagnostic tests and observations approaches zero. This can be demonstrated by calculating the quantity of useful information provided by a test in a given clinical environment as one approaches certainty of diagnosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2229-2231)
Combined Local and General Analgesia for Cataract Operations
Authors: J. Ives
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ECTOPIC GESTATIONBRr^W 821relative infertility was a factor.It is apparent from Table V that of the 12 patients who had no further pregnancy adequate explanation was found in 5: one had proved tuberculosis of the tube; one had bilateral salpingectomy performed at the time of operation; one had hydrosalpinx of the remaining tube; in one TABLE V.-Analysis of Interviews by Years Married Before (Ectopic) First Pregnancy (Figures in Parentheses Indicate Age at Time of First Ectopic Pregnancy) Years Inter- Further No Further ears viewed Pregnancies Pregnancy < 1 3 2 had 2 (20-24) X 3 (20-24) 1-2 3 1 ,, 2 (20-24) 1 (25-29) 1 1+1 abortion _______ ______ (25-29) 2-3 8 2 had 1(25-29) 1 tuberculous salpingitis (20- 1 bilat.salpirnctomy 24) 1 bydrosalpinx 1 (30-34) 2 (40-44) 3-4 2 1 had 2 (20-24) 1 ,, ectopic after 2 years (30-34) 4-6 3Ihad I after 3 years I salpingitis (25-29) (30-34) 1 had ectopic after 3 years (30-34) 6+ 51 had I after 18 months 1 (25-29)(tryingonly 6months) (25-29) 1 (30-34) 1 (35-39) salpingitis was found at subsequent laparotomy; and one had been trying for only six months for further pregnancy.Of the remaining seven where no lesion could be demonstrated, one was in the 25-29 age group, two were in the 30-34 age group, one was in the
Tackling India's HIV epidemic: lessons from Africa
Authors: M. Potts
Journal: BMJ (2003)

from debt relief programmes directly to schools to increase enrolment and minimise transaction costs.Moreover, it would be cost effective to direct funds from the newly established Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria to maternal and infant healthcare programmes and to education.Young children without both parents should be given the highest priority.If children are cared for by their adolescent siblings, then such adolescents should be the first to qualify for vocational training.In the absence of a cure for AIDS, international agencies have an important role in providing technical advice as well as funds for maintaining the current levels of economic activity in sub-Saharan African countries.
Scintigraphic Findings in a Case of Lymphangioleiomiomatosis
Authors: STEFANO FANTI, NINO MONETTI, MARIO SCHIAVINA, MARIA RITA RIMONDI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Lymphangioleiomiomatosis is a rare disease occurring in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by progressive proliferation of smooth muscle in the lung, causing airway obstruction and creating constrictions that develop Into cysts. Lesions are diffusely distributed throughout the lungs. The scintigraphic findings in a 37-year-old woman presenting with severe dyspnea are reported. The diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomiomatosis was subsequently established by means of high-resolution CT. The patient was scheduled for lung transplant.
PillCam ESO in Esophageal Studies: Improved Diagnostic Yield of 14 Frames per Second (fps) Compared with 4 fps
Authors: B. Koslowsky, H. Jacob, R. Eliakim, S. N. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aim: Capsule endoscopy, using the PillCam ESO and sending images at a rate of 4 frames per second (fps), has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) lesions. We tested a new device which produces images at a rate of 14 fps. The diagnostic performance and esophageal visualization of these two devices were compared. Patients and Methods: 42 patients with GERD symptoms and eight patients with a history of Barrett's esophagus had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). All patients underwent capsule endoscopy of the esophagus within 1 hour prior to EGD. The first 25 patients had a capsule endoscopy examination with the 4-fps device. The following 25 patients underwent capsule endoscopy under identical conditions but using the 14-fps device. The reader of the capsule endoscopy study was blinded to the EGD findings. A diagnosis of GERD or Barrett's esophagus was established with EGD. The findings at capsule endoscopy were compared with the EGD findings. We also examined how frequently the esophagus in its entirety was visualized by these two devices. Results: The 4-fps device diagnosed 16/19 cases of esophageal erosions or ulcers (sensitivity 84 %) and 6/8 cases of Barrett's esophagus (sensitivity 75 %). The 14-fps capsule diagnosed 16/16 cases of esophageal ulcers or erosions and 7/7 cases of Barrett's esophagus (sensitivity 100 %). The total diagnostic miss rate in the 4-fps group was 5/27 (18 %) whereas the diagnostic miss rate in the 14-fps group was 0/23 (0 %) P < 0.02). The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) was clearly identified in 6/25 patients (24 %) in the 4-fps group and in 20/25 patients (80 %) in the 14-fps group (P < 0.01). The entire esophagus was well visualized in 3/25 patients (12 %) by the 4-fps device and in 19/25 (76 %) by the 14-fps device (P < 0.01). The superiority of the 14-fps PillCam ESO capsule is consistent with the data obtained from fluoroscopic studies of swallowed PillCam capsules, showing that capsule speed may reach 20 cm/s. For the 14-fps PillCam this means one image transmitted per 3-cm segment at maximal capsule speed, therefore still allowing for full visualization of the entire esophagus. Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy using the 14-fps PillCam ESO showed a greater sensitivity than that of the 4-fps device for identifying GERD. The 14-fps PillCam ESO was statistically superior to the 4-fps device in visualizing the opening of the UES and the entirety of the esophagus.
Targeting Patients Undergoing Angioplasty for Thrombus Inhibition
Authors: William S. Weintraub, Trevor D. Thompson, Steven Culler, Stephen J. Boccuzzi, Edmund R. Becker, Andrzej S. Kosinski, Elizabeth Mahoney
Journal: Circulation (2000)

In recent clinical trials, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockers have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing adverse events after angioplasty in high-risk patients. However, uncertainty exists regarding the cost-effective selection of patients to receive antiplatelet therapy.All 4962 patients at Emory University Hospitals who underwent coronary intervention procedures (n=6062) from 1993 to 1995 were studied. Multivariate models to predict death and the composite of death, Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, and emergency additional revascularization were developed. Hospital costs and professional costs were determined. A cost-effectiveness analysis with therapy targeted to high-risk patients was performed. If patients with a >5% probability of events received antiplatelet therapy that reduced events by 24% and cost $1000, 40.1% of patients would receive therapy; complications would be reduced from 6.39% to 5.37%, and cost would increase $261 from $10343 to $10604, or $25504 per event prevented. The marginal cost per event prevented by moving from a 7% to a 5% probability of an event cutoff would be $57 799.For high-risk patients, there may be cost savings; for low-risk patients, therapy may not be cost effective; and for patients in the midrange (between 5% and 7% probability of an adverse event), events may be prevented at an acceptable level of cost.