tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Testing for Blood Glucose by Office-Based Physicians in the U.S.
Authors: Maureen I Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

A national sample of 2879 physicians were surveyed to ascertain characteristics of patient visits for diabetes including whether any test had been ordered or provided or a specimen taken to assess the patient's blood glucose level. Based on survey data, an estimated 21.3 million visits were made for diabetes in 1985. Of these, 16.8 million were for continuing care of diabetes by primary-care physicians, an average of 2.7 visits/yr for the 6.1 million U.S. residents diagnosed as having diabetes. A test for blood glucose was associated with 69% of these visits, an average of 1.9 times/yr per patient with diabetes in the U.S. Rates of testing for blood glucose varied by source of payment for the visit and were higher when diabetes was the primary diagnosis and when the number of physicians practicing together was greater, such as in health maintenance organizations or group practices. Rates of testing did not differ by age, race, or sex of the patient; location of the physician's practice; whether insulin or oral agents were prescribed; or a number of other characteristics. Other studies indicate that self-monitoring of blood glucose is performed by less than 10% of diabetic patients. Hence, the physician's office remains an important location for assessment of diabetes control by measurement of blood glucose levels.
The diagnosis of a DRESS syndrome has been sufficiently established on the basis of typical clinical features and viral reactivations
Authors: T. Shiohara, M. Iijima, Z. Ikezawa, K. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We read with great interest the article entitled 'Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side‐effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?' by Peyrière et al.1 Based on data collected retrospectively from the French Pharmacovigilance database, the authors concluded that the acronym 'DRESS' is both inaccurate and quite imprecise with no clear definition regarding both cutaneous and systemic signs. We believe, however, that many of the authors' considerations are in contrast to the current knowledge about this syndrome and may be based on misinterpretations of these data probably due to their unawareness of several important findings uniquely observed in this syndrome. Thirty years ago, the rules concerning the diagnosis of this syndrome had for the most part been formulated by nondermatologists who defined this disease in terms of each organ involvement. As a result, sufficient attention had not been paid to the cutaneous features of this syndrome. In 1996, Bocquet et al.2 coined the term 'drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms' (DRESS) for this syndrome to encompass these diverse clinical presentations. Subsequently, during the past 10 years, the clinical spectrum of this syndrome was defined: there have been no significant differences in the clinical findings of these cases reported under the name of DRESS. The lack of a specific and sensitive diagnostic test, however, was a major obstacle to correct identification of all patients with this syndrome. In this regard, my group and Hashimoto's group independently demonstrated that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) can be reactivated at a particular time point, namely 2–3 weeks after onset of rash in the vast majority of patients with this syndrome, despite the diverse clinical presentations at onset: HHV‐6 reactivation as evidenced by the rise in HHV‐6 IgG titres and HHV‐6 DNA levels commonly occurs 2–3 weeks after onset regardless of treatment.3–6
Drug-Induced Disorders of Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Manjula K. Pandit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To review the medications that influence glucose metabolism and to examine the mechanisms of these medications on glucose metabolism. Data Sources: Data were obtained from a MEDLINE search back to 1966 and included animal and human studies published in the English language. Study Selection: Approximately 80% of original publications were included after review by the authors. Case reports were included if they provided additional information. Date Extraction: The original data from the literature were included on the basis of independent extraction by the authors. Data Synthesis: Many common therapeutic agents influence glucose metabolism. Multiple mechanisms of action on glucose metabolism exist through pancreatic, hepatic, and peripheral effects. Based on circumstances at the time of use, a drug may cause both hyper- and hypoglycemia in a patient. The patient's previous pancreatic reserve, nutritional state, use of other medication, or exposure to alcohol may influence the direction of the plasma glucose alterations. Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance form an intrinsic component of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerotic vascular disease (syndrome X). The induction of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance by medication may therefore counteract intended benefits. An extensive review of recent medication in patients with disorders of glucose tolerance and the avoidance of polypharmacy are recommended. It is prudent to monitor plasma glucose values when it is not possible to avoid prescription of medication with known effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
Academic medicine: time for reinvention: Hogwarts may be a useful analogy for improvement
Authors: P. Albertazzi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Stewart discusses how to improve clinical research.1 The Harry Potter books may help to understand clinical academics and clinicians and perhaps highlight areas for improvement.

Most clinicians are the Hagrids of the clinical world. They prefer to get on with the job and are usually good at it. They find it hard to deal with the often confusing language of research and harder still to apply it to their understaffed and underfunded services.

Clinical academics are the professors at Hogwarts. Professor Lucius is found mostly, but not exclusively, in many Mediterranean countries. This type of professor is likely to have obtained the position through political slyness or family ties but never because of the quality of research. He or she loves the power, the additional prestige, and the revenue that the title of professor brings.

Professor Gilderoy Lockhart has chosen an academic career for its ample scope for hedonism. Never really able to cope with real medicine, professors like him have chosen just to talk about it, which they usually do well. Their name will appear on scientific papers of sponsored clinical trials for which they are unlikely to have seen a patient.

Albus Dumbledore is the good professor who has the progress of science at heart rather than his own ego. Professors like him are good clinicians for whom research is merely an integral part of everyday practice and who strive to provide patients with the best possible care.

Clinical academics must of course be composites of these professors. However, the representation of the three professors in universities, executive commissions, and grant funding bodies will ultimately determine the quality of the clinical research produced. If Professors Lucius and Gilderoy Lockhart predominate, clinical research is inevitably doomed.
Genetic polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system and organ damage in essential hypertension
Authors: Roberto Pontremoli, Maura Ravera, Francesca Viazzi, Clizia Nicolella, Valeria Berruti, Giovanna Leoncini, Francesca Giacopelli, Gian Paolo Bezante, Giorgio Sacchi, Roberto Ravazzolo, Giacomo Deferrari
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Musculoskeletal Interventions: Techniques for Therapeutic Exercise
Authors: Chris Maher
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic factors for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Thomas F. Chromecki, Karim Bensalah, Mesut Remzi, Grégory Verhoest, Eugene K. Cha, Douglas S. Scherr, Giacomo Novara, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2011)
Health system reform: the case for a single-payer approach
Authors: D. R. Steele
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Representative McDermott 1 flings the truth wide and far concerning the single-payer health care system! He obviously has never lived in a country like Germany or Honduras. I have. Germany may spend 57% on the government-sponsored socialized medicine, but left uncounted is the enormous amount every German (who can afford to) spends on private care. From my own experience, private out-of-pocket expenditure is at least double the national health care expenditure. In Honduras—are you kidding?  With people like Representative McDermott willing to pass on misinformation, it's no wonder we have a gullible few calling for socialized medicine! Let's send him a wake-up call: let him go to Tegucigalpa for his next prostate examination!
Urine Testing in Methadone Programs
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to support the opinion of Dr Gottheil (237:870, 1977) that routine urine testing in methadone programs is an extreme waste of money. There is no evidence presented of cost-effectiveness with regard to helping rehabilitate patients, and every physician who has had much experience with these programs feels that, on a routine basis, they are a great waste of resources. Unfortunately, the persons in the government who propound these regulations, which have the force of law, are not physicians who have active practice with addicts. But once having been established as procedure, it is virtually impossible to stop this wasteful practice. By this time, to terminate the practice would put people out of work, and there is now a vested interest in maintaining the status quo.
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIAGNOSIS OE SKIN DISEASE.
Authors: J. H. TWISTON DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article THE THREE‐DIMENSIONAL DIAGNOSIS OE SKIN DISEASE. Get access J. H. TWISTON DAVIES J. H. TWISTON DAVIES Physician, Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 1, 1 January 1956, Pages 22–29, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12752.x Published: 01 January 1956
Suicide in a patient with symptomatic carotid occlusion
Authors: J K Lovett, P M Rothwell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Depression and an increased risk of suicide are well recognized after stroke1, and are more frequent than would be expected on the basis of disability alone2. Patients with symptomatic severe carotid stenosis or occlusion are also at high risk of depression, even in the absence of cerebral infarction3,4. However, the need to assess such risks in these patients is not mentioned in published guidelines5,6,7.
With the compliments of the chef
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vascular injury and time course of smooth muscle cell proliferation after experimental holmium laser angioplasty.
Authors: S Hassenstein, H Hanke, J Kamenz, M Oberhoff, S Hanke, R Riessen, K K Haase, E Betz, K R Karsch
Journal: Circulation (1992)

In vitro experiments have shown that holmium laser energy can effectively ablate even calcified plaque in human arterial vessels. Because high-energy densities from holmium lasers can easily be transmitted through quartz fibers, this solid-state laser has been suggested as an alternative intraluminal treatment of atherosclerotic plaque.To develop an intimal plaque, 35 New Zealand White rabbits underwent electrical stimulation of their right carotid artery for 28 days. Subsequently, in 25 rabbits, holmium laser angioplasty (wavelength, 2.12 microns; pulse duration, 150 microseconds; energy density, 350 mJ/mm2) was performed. To study the morphological results, the vessels were excised after 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Cross sections were analyzed in regard to laser-specific injury. Staining of alpha-actin was used to identify smooth muscle cells (SMCs). After bromodeoxyuridine labeling, the extent of proliferation (number of cells undergoing DNA synthesis) was determined by using a monoclonal antibody. Holmium laser ablation resulted in an initial decrease of the numbers of intimal cell layers in the early group (7 days after treatment: 5 +/- 1 cell layers with 76 +/- 39 microns; control: 13 +/- 3 cell layers with 144 +/- 44 microns). Quantification of SMCs undergoing DNA synthesis in the intima (control: 51 +/- 19 cells/mm2) showed a significant increase of labeled cells after 7 (216 +/- 74 cells/mm2, p = 0.003) and 14 days (281 +/- 139 cells/mm2, p = 0.011). Integrity of the internal elastic lamina was disrupted in all animals after intervention. Seven and 14 days after treatment, a considerable reduction of medial cell nuclei was found in 10 of 12 animals. SMC proliferation in the medial layer was increased within the first 2 weeks after laser ablation (168 +/- 113 cells/mm2; control: 8 +/- 4 cells/mm2; p = 0.023). Six weeks after holmium laser angioplasty, SMC proliferation had returned to control levels in the intima and remained increased in the medial layer. This proliferative response resulted in a significant increase of intimal thickening within 6 weeks after laser ablation (30 +/- 6 cell layers, 375 +/- 97 microns resp.; p = 0.001 each).Holmium laser treatment leads to considerable vessel wall injury and results in SMC proliferation in the intimal and medial layer with a maximum of proliferative activity within the first 2 weeks. Subsequently, this results in considerable intimal and medial hyperplasia within 6 weeks after treatment.
EARLY MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH PRIOR HISTORY OF CARDIAC SURGERY: ANALYSIS OF UNITED NETWORK FOR ORGAN SHARING DATABASE
Authors: Pranav Kansara, Lawrence Czer, Jignesh Patel, James Mirocha, Michelle Kittleson, Mick De Robertis, Jaime Moriguchi, David Chang, Danny Ramzy, Robert Kass, Fardad Esmailian, Alfredo Trento, Jon Kobashigawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Atrial Fibrillation at Baseline and During Follow-Up in ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial)
Authors: L. Julian Haywood, Charles E. Ford, Richard S. Crow, Barry R. Davis, Barry M. Massie, Paula T. Einhorn, Angela Williard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Community-Wide Type 3 Oral Poliovirus Vaccination in Atlanta, Ga., 1961
Authors: Henry M. Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Four cases of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by Type 3 poliovirus had occurred in Atlanta, Ga., by mid-June, 1961. Their pattern of appearance, together with coincidentally-acquired laboratory evidence that wild Type 3 viruses were widely prevalent and that large numbers of children were susceptible, suggested that an epidemic was impending. A community-wide program of oral vaccination was instituted, and vaccine was administered to 285,000 children. During the week following, 3 cases occurred in vaccinees as a result of prevaccination infection, and only 4 additional cases, in nonvaccinees, during the remainder of the year. From this result, and from extensive laboratory studies of naturally-occurring and vaccine-derived enteroviruses, it was concluded that an epidemic probably had been developing, and that the use of the vaccine aborted it.
Quantitated scintillation scanning for the measurement of lung perfusion
Authors: E. S. Garnett, B. A. Goddard, E. S. Machell, W. M. Macleod
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A method using quantitated lung scans is described for the accurate proportioning of lung perfusion. The results obtained by this method have been compared directly with those obtained from bronchospirometry, and a good correlation has been obtained (r = + 0·93).
Long-Term Inhalation Exposure to Nickel Nanoparticles Exacerbated Atherosclerosis in a Susceptible Mouse Model
Authors: Gi Soo Kang, Patricia Anne Gillespie, Albert Gunnison, Andre Luis Moreira, Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong, Lung-Chi Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Because associations have been reported between inhaled ambient ultrafine particles and increased risk of cardiopulmonary disease, it has been suggested that inhaled engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may also induce adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.We examined the long-term cardiovascular effects of inhaled nickel hydroxide NPs (nano-NH) using a sensitive mouse model.Hyperlipidemic, apoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were exposed to nano-NH at either 0 or 79 μg Ni/m3, via a whole-body inhalation system, for 5 hr/day, 5 days/week, for either 1 week or 5 months. We measured various indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung and cardiovascular tissue, and we determined plaque formation on the ascending aorta.Inhaled nano-NH induced significant oxidative stress and inflammation in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary organs, indicated by up-regulated mRNA levels of certain antioxidant enzyme and inflammatory cytokine genes; increased mitochondrial DNA damage in the aorta; significant signs of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; changes in lung histopathology; and induction of acute-phase response. In addition, after 5-month exposures, nano-NH exacerbated the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.This is the first study to report long-term cardiovascular toxicity of an inhaled nanomaterial. Our results clearly demonstrate that long-term exposure to inhaled nano-NH can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, not only in the lung but also in the cardiovascular system, and that this stress and inflammation can ultimately contribute to progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.
Relationship between allergic contact dermatitis and electrophilicity.
Authors: H S Rosenkranz, G Klopman, Y P Zhang, C Graham, M H Karol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

To evaluate the role of electrophilicity in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans, we compared the structure-activity relationship (SAR) model of ACD with those of electrophilic and nonelectrophilic subsets of chemicals in the ACD database. For these analyses, electrophilicity was defined as the potential of a chemical to induce mutations in Salmonella. It was found that electrophilicity accounted for approximately 30-40% of ACD-inducing ability, and the remainder was associated with nonelectrophilic structures. The identification of these moieties opens the possibility for studying their role in ACD.
Doing things differently
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The beginning of a new year is a time to think about doing things differently. The first BMJ of the new year has several suggestions.

If fear of precipitating acute glaucoma has prevented you from dilating a patient's pupils before checking for diabetic retinopathy, stop worrying and get out the mydriatic eye drops. Gerald Liew and colleagues (p 3) tell us that you are twice as likely to spot retinopathy through a dilated pupil and there is very little chance of precipitating acute angle closure glaucoma, though they do say you should warn the patient to seek medical …
Polymerase δ variants in RER colorectal tumours
Authors: Luis T. da Costa, Bo Liu, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Stanley R. Hamilton, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Sanford Markowitz, James K.V. Willson, Albert de la Chapelle, Kathleen M. Downey, Antero G. So
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
The Isaacs cell sampler: an alternative to curettage.
Authors: E Segadal, O E Iversen
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The Isaacs cell sampler was tested in 150 women (102 of them postmenopausal) referred for curettage. The results of cytological testing of material obtained with the sampler were compared with histological findings from curettage performed immediately afterwards. Satisfactory aspirates for cytological diagnoses were obtained in 141 patients and satisfactory material for histological diagnosis in 124. In the 102 postmenopausal patients the cytological method yielded 94 satisfactory specimens, while curettage yielded only 76. All the 17 carcinomas were diagnosed cytologically. Of the 12 cases of premalignant change, nine were diagnosed cytologically; two cytologically diagnosed premalignant cases did not, however, yield satisfactory material by curettage. The Isaacs cell sampler is a simple and reliable way of diagnosing malignancies. Further investigation is needed to define the cytological criteria for diagnosing premalignant cases, but as the material is well preserved accuracy should improve with increasing experience. The method should be valuable in screening women having oestrogen substitution therapy.
Reversed Jejunal Segment
Authors: Richard K. Willms
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE REASON for excessive fecal losses of fat and nitrogen following subtotal gastrectomy is not completely understood. Wollaeger suggested several explanations for such losses: (1) rapid emptying of the stomach, (2) "intestinal hurry," (3) diminished flow of pancreatic secretions and bile, and (4) imperfect mixing of food with digestive juices.<sup>1</sup>Everson expressed the opinion that the reservoir function of the stomach was most important and that food was assimilated when released intermittently and in small amounts.<sup>2</sup>Emery also emphasized the importance of the stomach as a regulator of the passage of food into the intestine.<sup>3</sup>A procedure which would impose a partial resistance at the outlet of the gastric remnant following subtotal gastrectomy might improve the reservoir function of the remaining stomach by retarding the passage of its contents. Improved mixing of food with digestive juices and absorption of the products of digestion might also be expected.