tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and patterns of smoking in Delhi: cross sectional study
Authors: K M V. Narayan, S L Chadha, R L Hanson, R Tandon, S Shekhawat, R J Fernandes, N Gopinath
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the prevalence and predictors of smoking in urban India. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional. <b>Setting</b>: Delhi, urban India, 1985-6. <b>Subjects</b>: Random sample of 13 558 men and women aged 25-64 years. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Smoking prevalence; subjects who were currently smoking and who had smoked &gt;/=100 cigarettes or beedis or chuttas in their lifetime were defined as smokers. <b>Results</b>: 45% (95% confidence interval 43.8 to 46.2) of men and 7% (6.4 to 7.6) of women were smokers. Education was the strongest predictor of smoking, and men with no education were 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) times more likely to be smokers than those with college education, and women with no education were 3.7 (2.9 to 4.8) times more likely. Among smokers, 52.6% of men and 4.9% of women smoked only cigarettes while the others also smoked beedi or chutta. Compared with cigarette smokers, people smoking beedi or chutta were more likely to be older and married; have lower education, manual occupations, incomes, and body mass index; and not drink alcohol or take part in leisure exercise. <b>Conclusion</b>: There are two subpopulations of smokers in urban India, and the prevention strategy required for each may be different. The educated, white collar cigarette smoker in India might respond to measures that make non-smoking fashionable, while the less educated, low income people who smoke beedi or chutta may need strategies aimed at socioeconomic improvement. <h3>Key messages</h3> Lack of education was the strongest risk factor for smoking: men with no education were 1.8 times more likely to be smokers than those with college edu- cation, and women with no education were 3.7 times more likely There are two subpopulations of smokers in India: the affluent, white collar cigarette smoker and the less affluent labourer who smokes beedi or chutta Different preventive strategies may be required to target each of these two groups Prospective epidemiological studies of smoking in India will be of value
Spontaneous Perforation of the Common Bile Duct in Infancy
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR, MACHENENI SRIRAM, VEERESHWAR BHATNAGAR, AJIT KUMAR PADHY, ARUN MALHOTRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 2-month-old infant had jaundice that began 3 days after birth. The clinical features were suggestive of biliary obstruction. Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary imaging confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct, and surgical intervention resulted in progressive recovery.
ABOLISHING THE WAITING LIST IN A MENTAL HEALTH CENTER
Authors: HAROLD KORNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Since 1961, the Black Hawk County Mental Health Center has functioned without a waiting list for diagnosis, consultation or treatment. A previous waiting list of 210 patients was worked up quickly, by adopting a clinical and administrative approach which differs from the method traditionally used by most mental health centers. These clinical-administrative tools are described, and the thinking behind each change is detailed.
Contribution of myocardium responsible for ventricular tachycardia to abnormalities detected by analysis of signal-averaged ECGs.
Authors: M A Hood, S M Pogwizd, J Peirick, M E Cain
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Current methods of signal-averaged ECG analysis interrogate the terminal 40 msec of the QRS complex and/or the ST segment and have a low positive-predictive accuracy for detecting vulnerability to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). The extent to which abnormalities detected during these ECG intervals are generated by myocardial tissue responsible for VT has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to determine when, during sinus rhythm, myocardium responsible for VT is activated. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-dimensional ventricular activation maps were analyzed during sinus rhythm and during 10 VTs in eight patients with healed myocardial infarctions undergoing arrhythmia surgery for sustained monomorphic VT. The mechanism of VT was focal in five instances and macroreentrant in five. During sinus beats, myocardium responsible for all focal VTs activated 43 +/- 38 msec before the onset of the terminal 40-msec interval of the QRS complex. During sinus rhythm, activation of the myocardium critical to macroreentrant VT began 72 +/- 13 msec before the onset of the terminal QRS interval and in only three instances extended 2-25 msec into the terminal 40 msec of the QRS complex. Electrograms recorded during the ST segment represented late activation of epicardial sites overlying zones of infarction that were temporally and spatially remote from tissue critical to VT. CONCLUSIONS Current methods of signal-averaged ECG analysis limiting interrogation to the terminal QRS/ST segment exclude detection of &gt; 95% of the signals generated by myocardium responsible for sustained VT. These results establish a pathophysiological basis for expanding signal-averaged ECG analysis to include more of the cardiac cycle.
Recognition of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferases by LKM-3 antibodies in chronic hepatitis D
Authors: T. Philipp, M. Durazzo, C. Trautwein, B. Alex, M.P. Manns, M. Durazzo, P. Straub, J.G. Lamb, R.H. Tukey, Ef Johnson
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
SOME NEW AND UNUSUAL THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF ERGOT.
Authors: ALFRED T. LIVINGSTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In Wood's Reference Handbook it is stated that ergot "appears to have been used by the peasantry in some parts of Europe in childbirth as much as three hundred years ago—but its formal introduction into modern medicine is due to the efforts of Dr. Stearns of New York in the early part of the present (nineteenth) century." I quote again from the same source: "The greatest value of ergot in therapeutics depends on its action on the uterus," and "Ergot is also to be recommended in all forms of capillary hemorrhages." This is essentially the ergot-therapy of the books, as well as of general practice to-day, but you will invariably find long dissertations on its poisonous effects, ergotism. <h3>THE AUTHOR'S EARLY EXPERIENCE.</h3> It is almost thirty years since, as assistant physician in the State Lunatic Asylum of Utica, N. Y., I began to use ergot to modify the hyperemia
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult. Influence of immune and renal factors
Authors: N. HARDWICK, C.M PARRY, G.R SHARPE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report a case of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a 77‐year‐old man with an infected surgical wound. The patient was immunocompetent and had only mildly impaired renal function. The pathogenic and aetiological factors of the condition are discussed.
Glutamate decarboxylase autoimmunity and growth hormone secretion in type I diabetes mellitus
Authors: Andrea Giustina, Paolo Desenzani, Paola Perini, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Corrado Bodini, Simonetta Bossoni, Claudio Poiesi, William B. Wehrenberg, Emanuele Bosi
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
Human Pharyngeal Microbiome May Play A Protective Role in Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Zhancheng Gao, Yu Kang, Jun Yu, Lufeng Ren
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract The human pharyngeal microbiome, which resides at the juncture of digestive and respiratory tracts, may have an active role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, similar to the actions of the intestinal microbiome against enteric infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that the pharyngeal microbiome comprises an abundance of bacterial species that interacts with the local epithelial and immune cells, and together, they form a unique micro-ecological system. Most of the microbial species in microbiomes are obligate symbionts constantly adapting to their unique surroundings. Indigenous commensal species are capable of both maintaining dominance and evoking host immune responses to eliminate invading species. Temporary damage to the pharyngeal microbiome due to the impaired local epithelia is also considered an important predisposing risk factor for infections. Therefore, reinforcement of microbiome homeostasis to prevent invasion of infection-prone species would provide a novel treatment strategy in addition to antibiotic treatment and vaccination. Hence continued research efforts on evaluating probiotic treatment and developing appropriate procedures are necessary to both prevent and treat respiratory infections.
Obesity lowers the threshold of allergic sensitization and augments airway eosinophilia in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: J. Dietze, C. Böcking, J. T. Heverhagen, M. N. Voelker, H. Renz
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Clinical and epidemiological studies show a close association between obesity and the risk of asthma development. The underlying cause–effect relationship between metabolism, innate and adaptive immunity, and inflammation remains to be elucidated. Methods We developed an animal model to study the interaction between metabolic abnormalities and experimentally induced asthma. Obesity‐susceptible AKR mice were fed with high‐fat diet ( HFD ) or normal low‐fat diet ( LFD ) and subjected to a protocol of ovalbumin ( OVA ) sensitization and airway allergen challenges followed by assessment of inflammation and lung function. Results AKR mice developed obesity and a prestage of metabolic syndrome following HFD . This phenotype was associated with an increase in proinflammatory macrophages ( CD 11b+/ CD 11c+) together with higher serum levels of interleukin 6. Obese mice showed increased susceptibility to allergic sensitization as compared to LFD animals. Anti‐ovalbumin I g E antibody titers correlated positively and anti‐ OVA I g G 2a antibodies titers correlated negatively with body weight. Airway eosinophilia showed a positive correlation with body weight, whereas mucus production did not change with obesity. Conclusions This obesity model demonstrates that HFD ‐induced obesity lowers the sensitization threshold in a model of asthma. This finding helps to understand why, particularly during childhood, obesity is a risk factor for the development of allergic asthma.
Proteolytic inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by a neutrophil metalloproteinase.
Authors: P E Desrochers, S J Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human neutrophils triggered with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan particles released a metalloproteinase (MP) capable of cleaving and inactivating alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI). Sequence analysis of the amino acids in proteolyzed, native alpha-1-PI revealed a unique single cleavage site between Phe-352 and Leu-353. An analysis of the process regulating the enzyme's activity revealed that the neutrophil MP was released from cells in a latent form whose activation was tightly linked to the generation of hypochlorous acid. These results indicate that human neutrophils use chlorinated oxidants to activate a latent MP that is capable of proteolytically inactivating alpha-1-PI by cleaving the antiproteinase at a unique point in its inhibitory site region.
Correlation of antibodies to ribosomal P protein with psychosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: Y Nojima, S Minota, A Yamada, F Takaku, S Aotsuka, R Yokohari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Ninety one Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied to determine the clinical significance of antibodies to ribosomal P protein (anti-P). Anti-P was detected by western blotting in 38 of 91 patients (42%). Clinical symptoms of SLE were compared between patients with and without anti-P. The occurrence of lupus psychosis was significantly higher in patients with anti-P than in those without anti-P (9/38 v 1/53). No significant association was found between anti-P and other symptoms of SLE. These data strongly support the suggestion proposed by previous workers that anti-P is a marker autoantibody for the development of lupus psychosis.
Specific binding of endothelin on human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture.
Authors: M Clozel, W Fischli, C Guilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Endothelin is a newly discovered, potent vasoconstrictor peptide secreted by endothelial cells. The binding of endothelin was studied on cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from umbilical veins. A single specific binding site for 125I-endothelin was identified, with an apparent Kd of 126 pM and a maximal binding capacity of approximately 10,000 sites per smooth muscle cell. At room temperature the binding was saturable, reached equilibrium at 2 h (using 20 pM endothelin), and was slowly and only partially reversed by unlabeled endothelin. The calcium antagonists nifedipine, nicardipine, and diltiazem did not compete for the same binding site. Conditioned medium from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells inhibited the binding of 125I-endothelin dose dependently. This effect was antagonized by anti-endothelin antiserum. We conclude that human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells possess specific binding sites for endothelin, and that human endothelial cells secrete an endothelinlike material.
Explaining human cruelty
Authors: Nick Zangwill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

I ask four questions: (1) Why should we think that our hominid ancestor's predation is not just a causal influence but the main causal factor responsible for human cruelty? (2) Why not think of human cruelty as a necessary part of a syndrome in which other phenomena are necessarily involved? (3) What definitions of cruelty does Nell propose that we operate with? And (4) what about the meaning of cruelty for human beings?
Clinical pharmacokinetics and efficacy of amiodarone for refractory tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: C I Haffajee, J C Love, A T Canada, L J Lesko, G Asdourian, J S Alpert
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay, we measured serum amiodarone concentrations serially in 122 patients treated with amiodarone for 1.5-53 months (mean 9.3 months) for control of refractory symptomatic atrial or symptomatic and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The atrial tachyarrhythmias were successfully controlled in 45 of 54 patients (83%) during a mean follow-up of 10.0 months. In the ventricular tachyarrhythmia group, which included 22 survivors of sudden cardiac death, 38 of 50 patients (76%) responded to amiodarone during a mean follow-up of 10.9 months. Although the mean serum amiodarone concentration did not differ between responders and nonresponders, eight responders relapsed when their serum concentration fell below 1.0 mg/l. Side effects resulted in withdrawal of amiodarone in only 10 of 122 patients (9%) despite a 30% overall incidence of side effects. Central nervous system and gastrointestinal side effects became more frequent with serum concentrations greater than 2.5 mg/l, although only central nervous system side effects achieved statistical significance. Absorption and disposition kinetics of a single oral 800-mg dose of amiodarone were studied in eight patients. Serum values were measured for 24 hours in five patients during maintenance therapy, and elimination kinetics after long-term therapy were evaluated in three patients. The tissue concentration of amiodarone was determined in two patients who died during long-term amiodarone therapy and an attempt was made in 14 patients to correlate serum concentrations with daily dosages during maintenance therapy. The pharmacokinetics of oral amiodarone support the practice of using high loading dosages until arrhythmia suppression or apparent steady state is achieved (usually 2-4 weeks), followed by low-dose maintenance therapy (200-600 mg once a day) for treatment of symptomatic atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Tests for Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Brian Budenholzer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 5-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Michael E. Glasscock, Max L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 59-year-old man entered the hospital because of cranial-nerve palsies.Twenty-one years earlier he had an episode of severe vertigo and nausea that persisted for three days. During the next five years mild vertigo recurred on three or four occasions; thereafter, he had very rare episodes of vertigo and an occasional sensation of dizziness on changing position. He was otherwise well until 22 months before admission, when he became unable to close the right eye tightly. A 10-day course of adrenocorticosteroids was given, without effect. Two months later he began to have dull frontal headaches that were . . .
Is Bordetella pertussis clonal?: Authors' reply
Authors: R C Matthews, J P Burnie, M N Khattak
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and a review of systems in only seven.A clear statement of the indications for treatment with lithium was found in 18 of the notes, while an explicit treatment plan had been preserved in only five.In none of the case notes was there a record suggesting that the patient had been informed of the possible side effects or toxicity of lithium, nor of the need to have regular blood tests and to maintain adequate fluid intake.Lithium is known to be a toxic drug and patients are undoubtedly given information about its use, but this should be recorded, particularly in view ofrecent medicolegal interest in the use of lithium.Kehoe and Mander comment that certain aspects of lithium prescribing and monitoring habits give cause for concern; our audit suggests that this concern should also be extended to the period when lithium is first prescribed and to the recording of treatment and advice given.
Glutamate and Glutamine in the Anterior Cingulate and Thalamus of Medicated Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia and Healthy Comparison Subjects Measured With 4.0-T Proton MRS
Authors: Jean Théberge, Yousef Al-Semaan, Peter C. Williamson, Ravi S. Menon, Richard W.J. Neufeld, Nagalingam Rajakumar, Betsy Schaefer, Maria Densmore, Dick J. Drost
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study examined levels of glutamate, glutamine, and N-acetylaspartate in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: Localized in vivo 1H spectra were acquired at 4.0 T from the left anterior cingulate and thalamus of 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 comparable healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Significantly lower levels of glutamine and glutamate were found in the left anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy volunteers. For the schizophrenia patients, the glutamine level in the left thalamus was found to be higher than normal, and there was a significant negative correlation between N-acetylaspartate level and duration of positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Since previous studies have found higher than normal levels of glutamine in the left anterior cingulate of never-treated patients, decreased levels of these metabolites in chronic patients could be related to neurodegeneration or the effects of chronic medication.
CARELESS METHODS IN FITTING ARTIFICIAL EYES
Authors: F. Park Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The course of train¬ ing comprises instruction in anatomy, physiology, personal hygiene, the theory of massage and remedial exercises, theory of bandaging, and practice in the last three subjects.-Ed.]These aides to the surgeons in the reconstruction hospitals might be made really useful if their training was made as practical as possible.They ought to know the large features of kinesiology, the normal movements in the various joints, and the normal action of the various muscles so as to be able to apply their activities in massage and exercises in a fairly
Serum Markers of Collagen Turnover Predict Future Shocks in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Recipients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy on Optimal Treatment
Authors: Emmanuel M. Kanoupakis, Emmanuel G. Manios, Eleftherios M. Kallergis, Hercules E. Mavrakis, Christos A. Goudis, Ilias G. Saloustros, Maria E. Milathianaki, Gregory I. Chlouverakis, Panos E. Vardas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Lactation: Physiology, Nutrition, and Breast-Feeding
Authors: Rita G. Harper
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is an authoritative review of the rapidly developing body of knowledge of lactation and breast-feeding from historic, anatomic, physiological, immunologic, clinical, and political perspectives. The physiological information is accompanied by an overview of the nutritive and immunologic properties of breast milk and by clinically relevant chapters designed to help health care professionals deal with the clinical problems of the nursing mother and her infant. The text is up to date, comprehensive, thorough, and highly useful as a resource aid. The bibliography is a valuable reference guide. The 15 chapters are contributed by 18 authors. While several chapters are highly technical, others are more clinical in scope. Particularly fine are those on the mechanisms of milk secretion and the cellular and molecular aspects of the hormonal control of mammary function. Minor deficiencies include overlapping material in several chapters and abrupt changes in style, which distract the reader. Controversial political