tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
POINTS FROM LETTERS: Dilatation and Curettage
Authors: B. P. Bhattacharya
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Infective endocarditis could present with a plethora of signs and symptoms. Among the rarity of its presentation is acute confusion associated with neurological deficits, mimicking stroke especially in the young population. We report a case of a 33-year-old young man with acute right-sided hemiparesis and confusion 2 weeks after tooth extraction. The brain CT and MRI was consistent with new infarction on the left middle and anterior cerebral arteries’ territory. Echocardiography unveiled the existence of posterior mitral valve leaflet vegetation. Blood culture grew Group B <i>beta-haemolytic Streptococcus</i>, sensitive to penicillin. Two weeks of intravenous gentamicin with 6 weeks of intravenous benzylpenicillin were administered. In this case report, we highlight the importance of recognition of infective endocarditis in a young patient presenting with cerebrovascular accident following tooth extraction.
Abstract 3040: Characterization of a lung cancer growth factor, LASEP1 as a serological biomarker and a therapeutic target
Authors: Atsushi Takano, Yataro Daigo, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To identify molecules that might serve as biomarkers or targets for the development of novel molecular therapies, we have been screening genes encoding transmembrane/secretory proteins that are up-regulated in lung cancers, using cDNA microarrays, and identified a secreted protein, LASEP1 (lung cancer-associated serum protein 1). Immunohistochemical staining using tumor tissue microarrays consisting of 374 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) confirmed that LASEP1 protein was frequently over-expressed in various histological types of lung cancers; positive staining of LASEP1 was observed in 210 (56.1%) of 374 NSCLCs, while it was observed in 9 (69.2%) of 13 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs). In addition, a high level of LASEP1 expression was associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC (P&amp;lt;0.0001 by log-rank test). Multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value (P&amp;lt;0.0001 by log-rank test). Serum LASEP1 levels were higher in NSCLC as well as SCLC patients than in healthy volunteers. The proportion of serum LASEP1-positive cases was 127 (38.6%) of 329 lung cancers, while 4 (3.9%) of 102 healthy volunteers were falsely diagnosed. Furthermore, treatment of lung cancer cells with siRNAs against LASEP1 suppressed its expression and resulted in growth suppression of the lung cancer cells, whereas induction of exogenous expression of LASEP1 conferred growth-promoting activity and enhanced the cell mobility in vitro. We found a LASEP1 receptor (LASEPR) which interacts with LASEP1 on lung cancer cell surface. Suppression of LASEPR expression by siRNAs inhibited the growth of cancer cells. LASEP1-LASEPR interaction promoted the cell growth in an anticrime/paracrine manner. LASEP1 is a potential target for the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic drugs for lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3040. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3040
STUDIES ON BARTONELLA MURIS ANEMIA
Authors: David Perla, J. Marmorston-Gottesman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The pathological changes that follow a severe infection with Bartonella muris in the adult or young albino rat are: First, those that result from the release of large quantities of cellular debris in the circulating blood. There is phagocytic activity and hyperplasia of the endothelial elements of the liver, thymus, lymph nodes and, in the young rat, of these elements in the spleen, with resultant capillary thromboses and focal necroses. Second, changes result from the anemia as such-fatty metamorphosis of heart, liver and kidneys. Third, there is a severe nephrosis and in some instances a degenerative process in the glomeruli. In the bone marrow hyperplasia of erythropoietic elements occurs.
Gastroparesis as a cause of nausea and vomiting after high-dose chemotherapy and haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Randall E Brand, John K DiBaise, Eamonn MM Quigley, Lisa S Gobar, Kim S Harmon, James C Lynch, Philip J Bierman, Michael R Bishop, Stefano R Tarantolo
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Hospital-based Social Workers
Authors: J. A. Harrington, P. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1971)

disquieting on this point.These classes pro- vide nursery facilities for all young handi- capped children from birth and in the presence of normal children and with simultaneous provision for mothers.Few of a sample of 18 classes felt they had a satis- factory relationship with local authorities and contact appears poorest where there is little or no provision.The need for a meaningful dialogue is urgent.-I am, etc.,
A combined carcinogen bioassay utilizing both the lung adenoma and skin papilloma protocols.
Authors: M Robinson, R J Bull, G L Knutsen, R P Shields, J Stober
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

To test the feasibility of employing a combined lung adenoma/skin papilloma assay for broader detection of chemical carcinogenesis than that realized with either bioassay done separately, four strains of mice, SENCAR, BALB/c, A/J, and ICR-Swiss, were administered carcinogens either by the oral or intraperitoneal (IP) routes. The carcinogens administered were ethyl carbamate (EC), benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), and acrylamide (ACR). Starting 2 weeks later, 1 to 5 micrograms (depending on strain) of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 0.2 mL acetone/mouse was applied three times weekly to the shaved back for 20 weeks. All strains displayed increases in the yield of lung adenomas in response to EC at 32 weeks. B(a)P increased lung adenomas in only the SENCAR and A/J strain. Only the SENCAR and ICR-Swiss mice gave positive responses in the skin. In the SENCAR mice, positive response was seen with all four chemicals, however, FANFT gave an inconsistent response. The ICR-Swiss mice responded with an increased skin papilloma yield only to EC. In a separate experiment involving only SENCAR mice, animals were treated with a single oral dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by triweekly application of 1.0 microgram TPA. This treatment resulted in 51/57 animals developing lung adenomas vs. 5/57 in the control animals. No treatment-related skin tumors resulted with DEN. Histopathologically confirmed lesions indicate that the spectrum of chemicals detected in the SENCAR mouse may be broadened using a combined bioassay that examines both lung and skin responses.
Biliary Pseudocyst. A Rare Consequence of an latrogenic Lesion of the Bile Ducts
Authors: F. Fiocca, M. Schietroma, A. De Santis, A. Basoli, F. Zechini, V. Speranza
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

A patient with a biliary pseudocyst due to an iatrogenic lesion of the hepatic duct is reported. The pseudocyst caused compression of the bile duct with progressive jaundice. Diagnostic problems and the utility of ERCP and PTC in determining the exact site of the lesion for surgical treatment are reported.
Preventive Health Care for Adults With HIV Infection
Authors: John F. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To assess the level of evidence for preventive health interventions for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.A MEDLINE literature search for each intervention, supplemented by reviewing conference proceedings and the recommendations of experts.English-language studies of interventions that contribute to one of the following goals were reviewed: (1) prevention of complications of HIV infection; (2) early detection of complications, before symptoms develop, at a stage in which early treatment could lead to improved outcome; (3) slowing of HIV disease progression; (4) reduction in the risk of transmission of infectious agents, such as HIV itself; and (5) prevention of psychological distress and improvement in the quality of life.The importance of interventions and quality of supporting evidence were evaluated using criteria modified from the US Preventive Services Task Force.Existing evidence strongly supports the efficacy of some preventive measures: primary and secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis; secondary prophylaxis of Cryptococcus, Toxoplasma, and cytomegalovirus infections; tuberculin testing, with chemotherapy for individuals with positive test results; syphilis screening; Papanicolaou tests; educational measures to reduce the transmission of HIV and other infections; T-lymphocyte monitoring; and antiretroviral therapy in selected patients. Recommended measures of possible, but less certain, effectiveness include vaccines to prevent influenza, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B infections; prophylaxis for recurrent esophageal and vaginal candidiasis; primary prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex; tuberculosis prophylaxis for anergic, high-risk individuals; routine physical examination; screening for gonorrhea and Chlamydia in high-risk women; monitoring Toxoplasma titers, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistry values; attempting to maintain weight through nutritional interventions; and exercise. Mental health and substance abuse interventions are probably very important, but documentation of their benefits is limited. Some measures require further study before they can routinely be recommended, including vitamin and mineral supplementation; specific nutritional diets; and laboratory tests, other than CD4 counts, for monitoring disease progression.Persons with HIV infection have different stage-specific health maintenance needs that form an important part of comprehensive care for people in all stages of infection.
Effects of acute hemodynamic alterations on pulmonic valve motion. Experimental and clinical echocardiographic studies.
Authors: R E Kerber, J B Martins, R Barnes, W J Manuel, M Maximov
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acute alterations of the pulmonary circulation on the pulmonic valve echocardiogram. We measured the pulmonic valve opening velocity (PVOV) and right-sided systolic time intervals (right ventricular preejection period-to-right ventricular ejection time ratio [RPEP/RVET] in 22 open-chest dogs subjected to acute hemodynamic alterations produced by inferior vena cava constriction, atrial pacing, isoproterenol infusion and microsphere embolization of the pulmonary artery. We found only fair correlations between PVOV and peak pulmonary artery flow (r = 0.56), right ventricular dp/dt (r = 0.43), stroke volume (r = 0.42), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r = 0.33) and peak pulmonary artery acceleration (r = 0.31). RVET was shortened by reduced venous return (caval constriction) and by increases in heart rate (atrial pacing and isoproterenol), which resulted in increases in RPEP/RVET that did not correspond well to simultaneous changes in pulmonary artery pressure. In seven patients breathing 10% O2 to raise pulmonary artery pressure acutely, we found no change or a fall in PVOV. Thus, the pulmonic valve echocardiogram is influenced by multiple factors relating to parameters of pulmonary flow and right ventricular contractility, and may be of limited clinical usefulness in predicting pulmonary artery pressures.
Goals reconfigure cognition by modulating predictive processes in the brain
Authors: Giovanni Pezzulo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract I applaud Huang &amp; Bargh's (H&amp;B's) theory that places goals at the center of cognition, and I discuss two ingredients missing from that theory. First, I argue that the brains of organisms much simpler than those of humans are already configured for goal achievement in situated interactions. Second, I propose a mechanistic view of the “reconfiguration principle” that links the theory with current views in computational neuroscience.
Renaissance or reformation for evidence based medicine?
Authors: J. Fuller, L. J. Flores, R. E. G. Upshur, M. J. Goldenberg
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We welcome the new directions for evidence based medicine sketched out by Greenhalgh and colleagues on behalf of the Evidence Based Medicine Renaissance Group.1 However, we wonder whether their movement will represent a renaissance—a sweeping intellectual revival for evidence based medicine—or a reformation—the breakaway of a group of concerned followers from orthodoxy to form a separate school of thought. Meaningful, far reaching change will require …
A TRANSPLANTABLE NEW GROWTH OF THE FOWL, PRODUCING CARTILAGE AND BONE
Authors: W. H. Tytler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

An osteochondrosarcoma of the common fowl, designated in this laboratory as Chicken Tumor VII, has been successfully transplanted to seven successive series of hosts. The original growth contained bone and cartilage, was attached to the sternal keel of an otherwise healthy chicken, and appeared to have arisen from this structure. In the growths derived from its transplantation cartilage is regularly laid down, followed later by bone in case the host lives long enough. The prechondral tissue consists of spindle-shaped or multipolar cells of the fibroblast type. The histological character and the behavior of this prechondral tissue show that it is sarcomatous, a fact further proven by one recent case in which the tumor has metastasized. The secondary growth in this instance consisted of prechondral tissue in which a cartilaginous change was taking place. The tumor could not be transferred to pigeons, the one foreign species tested, but grew readily in chickens of two alien breeds. Reinoculation experiments suggest the occurrence of a natural, individual immunity, and of a certain degree of acquired resistance. In one fowl visceral growths developed following an intravenous injection of tumor emulsion, although whether they were due to this cause or were secondary to the large implantation growths in the muscles is uncertain. Recently the tumor has been transmitted by means of the filtrate from a Berkefeld filter.
1013. Pharmacology of Tropism Modified Adenovectors for Therapy of Disseminated Cancer
Authors: Masaki Akiyama, Selva Murugesan, David A. Einfeld, Douglas E. Brough, Jason G. Gall, Thomas J. Wickham, C. Richter King
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Generation of tropism modified adenovirus vectors with improved pharmacokinetics and bioavailability is likely to be critical for their application to the treatment of disseminated cancer. The goal of our studies is to identify strategies that enhance anticancer activity as well as reduce impact on normal tissues. Modification of the receptor binding tropism has been accomplished and results in preferential transduction of target cells. We have created vectors that are ablated for binding to native CAR and integrin receptors. Additionally, a binding ligand or a tumor-selective peptide motif can be inserted into the HI loop of fiber. We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution and of the tropism modified vectors in mice following intra-peritoneal administration. At a low dose, such as 1 |[times]| 1010 particle units (pu), selective tumor transduction in the peritoneal cavity was demonstrated by a vector that contains RGD-4C peptide ligand. At a low dose targeted and untargeted vectors are apparently retained in the peritoneal space. Wild type vectors showed transduction mediated by CAR interaction mainly observed in the abdominal organs and tissues. Mesothelial transduction was significantly reduced by the ablation of CAR binding. At a high dose, such as 3 |[times]| 1011 pu, a considerable proportion of viral particles were transported from the peritoneal space to the bloodstream. Sustained levels of active particles could be measured in the circulation using the vectors ablated for CAR binding. Initial studies indicate that determinants outside the fiber knob and penton base control trafficking of vector out of the peritoneal space. Sustained systemic vector circulation is essential to achieve selective transduction of disseminated subcutaneous tumors that expressed either a pseudo-receptor or beta 6 integrin as a targeted receptor. We are currently testing tropism modified vectors containing the therapeutic transgene, TNF under the direction of constitutive and tissue selective promoters. Such vectors show promising targeting and anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of human cancer.
752 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ENTECAVIR FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN NUCLEOS(T)IDE NAIVE AND LAMIVUDINE EXPERIENCED RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: M.-C. Tsai, T.-H. Hu, Y.-S. Chien, Y.-T. Chen, T.-C. Chen, P.-L. Tseng, K.-C. Chang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Risks of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement
Authors: William H. Goodson III
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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A2-06: Survival differences for non-Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma (BAC) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases with ipsilateral intrapulmonary metastasis at diagnosis
Authors: Jason A. Zell, Sai-Hong-Ignatius Ou, Argyrios Ziogas, Hoda Anton-Culver
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Pericardial complications of endocardial and epicardial pacing.
Authors: J Deanfield, A Jonathan, K Fox
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A patient with complete atrioventricular block was fitted with a temporary endocardial pacing wire via a right subclavian percutaneous approach. The result was initially satisfactory, but within a few days radiography for left-sided chest pain showed pneumopericardium. A permanent epicardial pacing system was therefore substituted and she remained well for three months. She was then admitted for syncope: the pacemaker was failing to capture, and radiography showed pericardial and pleural effusion. A new permanent endocardial pacing system using a wedged electrode was inserted and she made an uncomplicated recovery. Pneumopericardium complicating endocardial pacing has apparently not been reported before. Presumably the electrode had penetrated both the right ventricle and the pericardium into the adjacent lung.
EXPERIMENTAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Michael B. Stemerman, Russell Ross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Arteriosclerotic lesions have been produced in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) by selective removal of the vascular endothelium with an intra-arterial balloon catheter. Immediately after de-endothelialization a platelet layer covers the denuded area. This thrombus is gradually removed and by 7 days the vessel appears to be largely reendothelialized. Beginning at day 4, smooth muscle cells undergo modification and migrate through fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina into the intima where they proliferate. By 28 days, the intimal lesion consists of multiple layers of smooth muscle cells surrounded by collagen and elastic fibers and basement-like material. After 3 months the lesions are markedly hyperplastic and contain new extracellular connective tissue elements. In contrast, with no further injury after 6 months the lesion has decreased markedly in size suggesting that it may be reversible in the absence of continued endothelial injury. The importance of endothelial "injury" exposing medial smooth muscle to plasma constituents may be the principal factors associated with the migration and proliferation of the smooth muscle cells into the intima resulting in the lesion. The smooth muscle cells do not contain lipid. The similarities of this lesion to the fibromusculo-elastic lesion or preatherosclerotic intimal hyperplasia in man makes it a useful model for the further study of atherosclerosis.
Aspirin for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: E. M Kohner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The evidence of a beneficial effect is from basic science, not clinical trials 

The earliest clinically recognisable lesions in diabetic retinopathy are capillary occlusions, which can be shown on fluorescein angiograms, a standard investigation in patients with retinopathy. The response to capillary blockage is dilation of neighbouring ones, leading to breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and leakage. Later large vessels become affected, and the result is retinal ischaemia, which is responsible for the secretion of vasoactive cytokines, leading to formation of the sight threatening proliferative lesions.

Since capillary occlusion is a pivotal lesion, causes and cures for it have been sought for a long time. Aggregation of platelets is increased in diabetes, and this has been proposed as the underlying abnormality.1 An early paper by Pope et al showed platelet thrombi in retinal capillaries of diabetic patients.2 Furthermore, observational evidence showed that patients treated with acetyl salicylic acid had …
New patient asking for a benzodiazepine prescription
Authors: S. d. Lusignan, N. Buxton, A. Kent
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Your final patient on a Friday is a 26 year old man who is new to the list. He asks you for a repeat prescription for two months of diazepam, 5 mg up to four a day. He says he has been taking these for a while for his “nerves” and he has run out. You do not hold this patient’s records.

You have to weigh up whether the risks of prescribing diazepam to this particular patient outweigh those of not prescribing. You should be as helpful as possible while checking whether he genuinely needs the prescription.

### Is it appropriate to prescribe diazepam to this patient?

History —Is any information available about his previous consumption and medical history? This may be a repeat prescription slip or packaging giving details of the drug and amount prescribed. It may be possible to speak confidentially to his previous doctor or pharmacist by telephone while he waits (or early the next week). Most genuine patients can provide information about their previous general practitioner or pharmacy and are willing …