tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Connective tissue growth factor autocriny in human hepatocellular carcinoma: Oncogenic role and regulation by epidermal growth factor receptor/yes-associated protein-mediated activation
Authors: Raquel Urtasun, Maria U. Latasa, Maria I. Demartis, Stella Balzani, Saioa Goñi, Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen, Maria Elizalde, Maria Azcona, Rosa M. Pascale, Francesco Feo, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud, Jordi Muntané, Jesus Prieto, Carmen Berasain, Matias A. Avila
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract The identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is essential for the elucidation of therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that human HCC cells display an autocrine loop mediated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) that promotes DNA synthesis and cell survival. Expression of CTGF was stimulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and was dependent on the expression of the transcriptional coactivator, Yes-associated protein (YAP). We identified elements in the CTGF gene proximal promoter that bound YAP-enclosing complexes and were responsible for basal and EGFR-stimulated CTGF expression. We also demonstrate that YAP expression can be up-regulated through EGFR activation not only in HCC cells, but also in primary human hepatocytes. CTGF contributed to HCC cell dedifferentiation, expression of inflammation-related genes involved in carcinogenesis, resistance toward doxorubicin, and in vivo HCC cell growth. Importantly, CTGF down-regulated tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 expression and was involved in the reduced sensitivity of these cells toward TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Conclusion: We have identified autocrine CTGF as a novel determinant of HCC cells' neoplastic behavior. Expression of CTGF can be stimulated through the EGFR-signaling system in HCC cells in a novel cross-talk with the oncoprotein YAP. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies a signaling mechanism triggering YAP gene expression in healthy and transformed liver parenchymal cells. (Hepatology 2011)
Neuroendocrine Influences and Repercussions of the Menopause
Authors: Phyllis M. Wise, Matthew J. Smith, Dena B. Dubal, Melinda E. Wilson, Kristine M. Krajnak, Katherine L. Rosewell
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

In summary, the evidence that both the ovary and the brain are key pacemakers in the menopause is compelling. Our appreciation that estrogens are important neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors has grown rapidly. Future studies will allow us to better understand the ensemble of factors that interact to maintain regular reproductive cyclicity and how this precise dynamic balance changes with age. Furthermore, understanding how estrogen exerts trophic and protective actions should lead to its use as an important therapeutic agent in the maintenance of normal neural function during aging and after injury.
FACTORS IN INFANT MORTALITY
Authors: Heyworth N. Sanford
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Levy, in his communication published inThe JournalDecember 1, in criticism of the article by Drs. Grulee, Herron and myself, stated that "in the presence of such statistical errors, as I have indicated, the case cannot be considered proved." These statistical errors consist of two criticisms. The first criticism is that we state that the mortality of the group reported was less than one-fourth that of the infant mortality of the same region. This, he says, is incorrect because our group does not contain deaths before 3 weeks of age, whereas the infant mortality of the same region includes all deaths from birth. The infant mortality quoted does not contain deaths occurring in the first two weeks of life. Our only reason in even mentioning these mortalities was to show that our babies were cared for as well as those in the same locality. We
A breast international group survey of young breast cancer patients' attitudes towards the risk of loss of fertility related to adjuvant therapies. EORTC protocol 10002 – BIG 3-98.
Authors: Z Neskovic-Konstantinovic, H Gomez, E Senkus-Konefka, L Dirix, G Jerusalem, E Murray, A Bottomley, J Rampion, N Duez, G Demonty, A Di Leo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3106 Objectives: Under the auspices of the Breast International Group (BIG), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) conducted a survey with the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) and German Breast Group (GBG) of breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) aged 35 years or less at the moment of BC diagnosis. The primary objective of our survey was to evaluate the attitude of BC pts towards the risk of sterility related to anti-cancer treatments.&amp;#x2028; Patients and methods: Four hundred premenopausal, early stage BC pts participated in this survey after signing the informed consent, and 389 were evaluable. Patients completed a short, previously pilot-tested questionnaire, translated into 15 languages broadly following EORTC translation procedures.&amp;#x2028; Results: 228 pts (59%) wanted to have children in the future, but 158 (41%) did not, with 57 (36%) of these women stating they were afraid the cancer would return, and as such they would not like to have children. The wish to have children in the future was more frequently expressed by those women who had no children (84% of these pts against 43% of patients with children). Thirty-two (8%) women stated they would not undergo chemotherapy, and this was dependent on whether they already had children or not. Of the 355 pts (91%) who agreed they would have chemotherapy even knowing that this may reduce their chance of having children in the future, 113 (32%) would accept treatment even if there were only 1-5% extra chance of being cured. However, 169 (48%) would accept chemotherapy only if the extra chance of being cured exceeded 20%. Ninety-one (26%) women who would undergo chemotherapy would accept only the minimal risk of sterility of 0-25%, while 171 (48%) would accept as high as 76-100% risk of sterility. The maximum risk of sterility that would be accepted by BC patients is clearly influenced by their already having children.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Our international survey provides key evidence of young, early breast cancer patients' attitudes towards infertility related to breast cancer treatments. While obviously women are primarily interested in being cured, they are also highly concerned about the loss of fertility. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3106.
Management of Juvenile Hyperthyroidism
Authors: William Green
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Steven Levinson, Junior Assistant Resident in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 17-year-old white girl was admitted to Jewish Hospital because of a fourmonth history of increasing irritability and a 5.4 kg ( 12 lb) weight loss. The patient also complained of a three- to four-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion, generalized muscular weakness, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. She had had a normal menarche at 14 years of age, but also had missed two of her anticipated menstrual periods in the five months prior to her hospitalization. She denied any family history of diabetes, goiter, or thyroid disease.  Physical examination revealed the patient was thin and had bilateral proptosis and excessive perspiration. The blood pressure was 150/90 mm Hg; the resting pulse rate was 140 beats per minute and regular; the respiratory rate was 12 breaths per
The prognostic value of creatine kinase elevations extends across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Stefano Savonitto, Christopher B Granger, Diego Ardissino, Laura Gardner, Claudio Cavallini, Marcello Galvani, Filippo Ottani, Harvey D White, Paul W Armstrong, E.Magnus Ohman, Karen S Pieper, Robert M Califf, Eric J Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Case 37-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Farahe Maloof, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a goiter.There was a history of multinodular goiter that dated back to her youth. Three years before admission a right mastectomy was performed because of carcinoma. Six months later atrial fibrillation was diagnosed, and digoxin was prescribed. Two years before admission thyroxine was begun, but there was no change in the size of the goiter; the treatment was discontinued one year later. Four months before entry a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made elsewhere, and she was treated with radioiodine (131I), 20 mCi. Later studies were . . .
"Fallen Fontanelle" (Caida de Mollera)
Authors: John Guarnaschelli
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A case of subdural hematoma occurred secondary to manipulation by a folk practitioner for fallen fontanelle (caida de mollera). This variation of the battered child syndrome should be a consideration when dealing with patients of Latin-American background because folk concepts of disease and their related "remedies" are sometimes important factors in case histories.
Breast cancer incidence falls as women give up HRT
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A falling incidence of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the United Kingdom may be linked to lesser use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), a new study claims.

The researchers have calculated that between 1999 and 2005 the risk of the disease among women in their 50s fell by 14%. This, they say, represents 1400 fewer cases in 2005 than would have been expected had use of HRT remained unchanged ( European Journal of Cancer , doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.01.016).

“The results suggest that the decline in incidence of breast cancer since 1999 at ages 50-59 and since 2003 at ages 60-64 is a consequence of the reduced use of HRT,” says the report.

The researchers looked at trends in the use of hormone preparations between 1992 and 2006, along with recent trends (1975 to 2005) in the incidence of breast cancer.

Use of HRT began to fall after the Women’s Health Initiative …
Make the healthy choice the cheaper choice
Authors: J. T. Winkler
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Taxes on “bad” foods are the dish du jour in nutrition policy.1 The authors recognise that most taxes are small, based on flawed evidence, and have limited, even negative, effects.1

None the less, they propose more taxes, just a bit higher. These are unlikely to be adopted and would be ineffective if they were.

The principal targets are soft drinks and sugar. …
Anesthetic Neurotoxicity — Clinical Implications of Animal Models
Authors: Bob A. Rappaport, Santhanam Suresh, Sharon Hertz, Alex S. Evers, Beverley A. Orser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Some anesthetics and sedatives have been shown to cause neurotoxic effects in laboratory animals. The FDA collaboration SmartTots recommends undertaking large-scale clinical studies and avoiding nonurgent surgical procedures requiring anesthesia in children younger than 3 years of age.
Early Detection of Recurrent Pediatric Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma Using FDG-PET
Authors: Isaac Binkovitz, Maria Henwood, Donna Caniano, Frederick Ruymann, Larry Binkovitz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor in children. Patients typically present with clinical signs related to hormone hypersecretion. Virilization due to testosterone secretion affects approximately 90% of patients and causes precocious puberty in males. Elevated glucocorticoid or estrogen levels are also commonly found. Elevated serum hormone levels can provide an early indication of recurrent disease, even when imaging studies are normal. CT and MRI have been used in initial detection and for demonstration of local recurrence and surveillance for metastases. More recently, FDG-PET imaging has been reported as a sensitive technique for the demonstration of ACC, primary or metastatic, in small numbers of adults and children. We present a case of ACC in which recurrence was detected with FDG-PET before either elevation of serum hormone levels or tumor visualization with CT. This case suggests that FDG-PET may have a role in screening for ACC recurrence even when all other imaging and biochemical studies for tumor are negative.
Value of Fibrinolysin in Management of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: K. K. Datey, R. C. Hansoti, V. N. Pandya
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Fibrinolysin was used in 15 cases of myocardial infarction to evaluate its efficacy. Treatment began within 24 hours after the onset in each case, and results were compared with those obtained previously without fibrinolysin in 40 consecutive patients. Fibrinolysin was given intravenously in doses of 50,000 to 150,-000 units in 250 ml. to 500 ml. of 5% dextrose over a period of 4 to 6 hours. In none of the cases was the pain relieved by fibrinolysin therapy. The 2 groups did not differ significantly as to temperature, blood pressure, intensity and duration of pain, or mortality rate. Within a few hours after fibrinolysin therapy was begun, however, 7 of the 15 patients showed remarkable electrocardiographic changes. The changes were interpreted as a greatly accelerated regression toward the normal which, in the patients treated without fibrinolysin, had taken 2 to 4 weeks.
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition in Cancer — A Blind Alley or a New Therapeutic Reality?
Authors: Ian Chau, David Cunningham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In their prevention trial, published in this issue of the Journal, Giardiello et al. showed that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac did not inhibit the development of colorectal adenomatous polyps in subjects with genotypically proven familial adenomatous polyposis who had an endoscopically normal colon at the commencement of treatment.1 Why did this approach fail, and what are the lessons for the prevention and treatment of sporadic colorectal cancer and other cancers?The prevalence of familial adenomatous polyposis is about 1 in 8000. It is an autosomal dominant condition in which at least 100 and up to thousands of adenomatous . . .
Audit-privilege laws: the right to know nothing?
Authors: R Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In theory, environmental audit-privilege laws grant immunity to companies that uncover environmental problems during self-audits and that take steps to correct them so that information gleaned from such audits cannot be used against the company in a lawsuit. Supporters of audit-privilege laws believe these laws encourage more audits and more disclosures of regulatory violations because of the greatly reduced chances that audit findings will result in penalties. Opponents argue that in actuality, the level of audit activity in states that have audit-privilege or immunity laws is no different from that in the states without them and that companies in states with the laws are no more likely to disclose violations than companies in states without them. In addition, some citizens' groups, as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, continue to criticize the worst of the audit-privilege laws as measures that protect potential polluters.
Electrocardiographic findings in acute right ventricular infarction: Sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic alterations in right precordial leads V4R, V3R, V1, V2and V3
Authors: José Lopez-Sendon, Isabel Coma-Canella, Soledad Alcasena, Jorge Seoane, Carlos Gamallo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Dietary Therapy for Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gerald M. Reaven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease are increased in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). As a consequence, the Nutrition Committee of the American Diabetes Association has recommended1 that patients with NIDDM be encouraged to change their diets to prevent such outcomes. The majority are overweight, and weight loss is extremely effective in normalizing the metabolic abnormalities of NIDDM. Therefore, the primary goal of diet treatment should be weight loss. It has also been recommended that patients replace the saturated fat in their diets with complex carbohydrates. The goal of this maneuver is presumably to increase the ratio of . . .
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia disease progression is accelerated by APRIL-TACI interaction in the TCL1 transgenic mouse model
Authors: Valeria Lascano, Marco Guadagnoli, Jan G. Schot, Dieuwertje M. Luijks, Jeroen E. J. Guikema, Katherine Cameron, Michael Hahne, Steven Pals, Erik Slinger, Thomas J. Kipps, Marinus H. J. van Oers, Eric Eldering, Jan Paul Medema, Arnon P. Kater
Journal: Blood (2013)
Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis
Authors: E. Wesley Ely, Gordon R. Bernard, Jean-Louis Vincent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: In this issue of the Journal, Warren et al.1 and Siegel2 offer their views on the approval of drotrecogin alfa (activated), or recombinant human activated protein C, for the treatment of severe sepsis. We concur with Dr. Siegel's comments regarding the extensive testing to ensure the potency and consistency of drotrecogin alfa (activated) used in the Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial.3 It is fortunate that the master cell bank used to produce the drug administered in the latter portion of the trial will be sufficient to meet clinical needs for . . .
Association of Serum Ferritin and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men
Authors: Sung Keun Park, Jae-Hong Ryoo, Min-Gi Kim, Ju-Young Shin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Elevated serum ferritin has been known to be associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there was no research to examine whether serum ferritin levels have been actually associated with the prospective development of MetS. Accordingly, we carried out a prospective study to evaluate the longitudinal effects of baseline serum ferritin levels on the development of MetS.A MetS-free cohort of 18,022 healthy Korean men, who had participated in a medical health checkup program in 2005, was followed until 2010. MetS was defined according to the joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention. Cox proportional hazards models were performed.During 45,919.3 person-years of follow-up, 2,127 incident cases of MetS developed between 2006 and 2010. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident MetS comparing the second quintile to the fifth quintile of serum ferritin levels versus the first quintile were 1.19 (0.98-1.45), 1.17 (0.96-1.43), 1.36 (1.12-1.65), and 1.66 (1.38-2.01), respectively (P for trend <0.001). These associations were apparent in the clinically relevant subgroup analyses.Elevated serum ferritin levels were independently associated with future development of MetS during the 5-year follow-up period.
TCT-756 Usefulness of Valvuloarterial Impedance Index Ratio to Predict Short Term Outcomes in High Risk Severe Aortic Stenosis following Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Carlos E. Sanchez, Joon S. Lee, Lisa B. Henry, Chirag A. Chauhan, Suresh Mulukutla, A J Conrad Smith, John T. Schindler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Healed Dissecting Aneurysm in Cystic Medial Necrosis of the Aorta
Authors: PETER B. HUKILL
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta is a not uncommon disease that usually produces severe symptoms and often leads to an early death. This article reports an unusual case in which the patient was nearly asymptomatic and died of unrelated causes. Autopsy revealed a healed dissecting aneurysm. The literature on dissecting aneurysm, emphasizing its pathogenesis and its relation to cystic medial necrosis, is briefly reviewed.
Drinking Careers: A Twenty-Five-Year Study of Three Navajo Populations
Authors: Marc Galanter
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book describes the evolution of drinking practices in the Southwest Navajo Indian population. It does this with thoroughness and great acuity. Appreciation is due the authors for their diligence in carrying out the initial research in the mid 1960s and following it up 25 years later. The effort illustrates the value of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) supporting studies on the diverse aspects of alcoholism—a disease whose etiology and impact lie at the interface of culture, psychology, and biology. On reading this book, one cannot help but reflect on some other interfaces. Its action, science, and drama take place in a locale in rural northern Arizona, one where many Americans have traveled without appreciating the vibrant Navajo society that surrounds them. We know some of the romance and mystery associated with the Indians of the Southwest. We may see its protagonists inhabiting roadside stops and
Cardiovascular Screening in College Athletes With and Without Electrocardiography
Authors: Aaron L. Baggish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Although cardiovascular screening is recommended for athletes before participating in sports, the role of 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) remains uncertain. To date, no prospective data that compare screening with and without ECG have been available. Objective: To compare the performance of preparticipation screening limited to medical history and physical examination with a strategy that integrates these with ECG. Design: Cross-sectional comparison of screening strategies. Setting: University Health Services, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Participants: 510 collegiate athletes who received cardiovascular screening before athletic participation. Measurements: Each participant had routine history and examination–limited screening and ECG. They received transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to detect or exclude cardiac findings with relevance to sports participation. The performance of screening with history and examination only was compared with that of screening that integrated history, examination, and ECG. Results: Cardiac abnormalities with relevance to sports participation risk were observed on TTE in 11 of 510 participants (prevalence, 2.2%). Screening with history and examination alone detected abnormalities in 5 of these 11 athletes (sensitivity, 45.5% [95% CI, 16.8% to 76.2%]; specificity, 94.4% [CI, 92.0% to 96.2%]). Electrocardiography detected 5 additional participants with cardiac abnormalities (for a total of 10 of 11 participants), thereby improving the overall sensitivity of screening to 90.9% (CI, 58.7% to 99.8%). However, including ECG reduced the specificity of screening to 82.7% (CI, 79.1% to 86.0%) and was associated with a false-positive rate of 16.9% (vs. 5.5% for screening with history and examination only). Limitation: Definitive conclusions regarding the effect of ECG inclusion on sudden death rates cannot be made. Conclusion: Adding ECG to medical history and physical examination improves the overall sensitivity of preparticipation cardiovascular screening in athletes. However, this strategy is associated with an increased rate of false-positive results when current ECG interpretation criteria are used. Primary Funding Source: None.
New neonatal screen will pick up 15 more diseases
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A new technique that allows newborn babies to be screened for a battery of metabolic diseases could be introduced in Britain within the next five years. Tandem mass spectrometry could increase the number of diseases for which babies are tested in the first few weeks of life from just two as at present (phenylketonuria and hypothyroidism) to at least 17, so saving thousands of lives and reducing disability.

Although the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry would entail an initial outlay for machinery, the test would require no extra labour for sample collection-the single dried blood spot currently …