tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctor charged with misconduct over murder claim
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Professor David Southall, one of Britain's best known paediatricians, was this week charged with serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council.

The case against him centres on the allegation that he accused a father of murdering his child on the basis of only having seen the father interviewed in a television documentary.

As the BMJ went to press on Tuesday, the case against Professor Southall had been spelt out, but Professor Southall's lawyer had not yet presented his defence.

The GMC said that Professor Southall had accused Steve Clark, the husband of Sally Clark, who was then in prison for the murder of two of her children, of killing his son after he had seen Channel 4's documentary Dispatches in April 2000. In the interview, Mr Clark described a nose bleed that his son Christopher had had in a London hotel room in December 1996, while Mrs Clark was absent.

After watching the programme, Professor Southall telephoned the child protection unit to say he believed that Mr Clark, and not …
CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells Promote the Transition From Hypertrophy to Heart Failure During Chronic Pressure Overload
Authors: Fanny Laroumanie, Victorine Douin-Echinard, Joffrey Pozzo, Olivier Lairez, Florence Tortosa, Claire Vinel, Christine Delage, Denis Calise, Marianne Dutaur, Angelo Parini, Nathalie Pizzinat
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— The mechanisms by which the heart adapts to chronic pressure overload, producing compensated hypertrophy and eventually heart failure (HF), are still not well defined. We aimed to investigate the involvement of T cells in the progression to HF using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. Methods and Results— Chronic HF was associated with accumulation of T lymphocytes and activated/effector CD4 + T cells within cardiac tissue. After TAC, enlarged heart mediastinal draining lymph nodes showed a high density of both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell subsets. To investigate the role of T cells in HF, TAC was performed on mice deficient for recombination activating gene 2 expression (RAG2KO) lacking B and T lymphocytes. Compared with wild-type TAC mice, RAG2KO mice did not develop cardiac dilation and showed improved contractile function and blunted adverse remodeling. Reconstitution of the T-cell compartment into RAG2KO mice before TAC enhanced contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, collagen accumulation, and cross-linking. To determine the involvement of a specific T-cell subset, we performed TAC on mice lacking CD4 + (MHCIIKO) and CD8 + T-cell subsets (CD8KO). In contrast to CD8KO mice, MHCIIKO mice did not develop ventricular dilation and dysfunction. MHCIIKO mice also displayed very low fibrosis, collagen accumulation, and cross-linking within cardiac tissue. Interestingly, mice with transgenic CD4 + T-cell receptor specific for ovalbumin failed to develop HF and adverse remodeling. Conclusions— These results demonstrate for the first time a crucial role of CD4 + T cells and specific antigen recognition in the progression from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to HF.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: ITS ACHIEVEMENTS, SCOPE AND POSSIBILITIES.ORATION ON STATE MEDICINE AT THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 7-10, 1904.
Authors: HERMANN M. BIGGS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The terms sanitary science, public or state medicine, and preventive medicine, have frequently been used as almost synonymous. The latter term, "preventive medicine," however, has sometimes been restricted in its application to the prevention of the infectious diseases. In the broad sense, preventive medicine comprises both general prophylaxis and individual prophylaxis, and applies to all forms of disease, not simply to the infectious diseases. Preventive medicine is an applied science, which deals with the preservation of the health both of the individual and of the community. No subject more vitally concerns the welfare of a community than that pertaining to its healthfulness. How the inhabitants live and how and at what age they die, what is the extent and character of the morbidity occurring among them and what are its causes, are questions of momentous importance. They are essential features in the problem, whose solution
The Association Between Different A1C-Based Measures of Glycemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization
Authors: Gregory A. Nichols, A. Gabriela Rosales, Nancy A. Perrin, Stephen P. Fortmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE We tested whether average monthly glycemic burden (AMGB), a marker of hyperglycemia that is a function of the extent and duration that A1C exceeded 7%, indicated greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than traditional A1C measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a case-control design, we studied 2,456 members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest with type 2 diabetes: 1,228 who experienced a CVD hospitalization, matched on age, sex, and duration of diabetes to 1,228 patients who were not hospitalized for CVD. We calculated AMGB from diabetes diagnosis until CVD hospitalization as a function of the difference between each actual or interpolated A1C measurement and 7%, resulting in an area under the curve estimate of hyperglycemic exposure, adjusted for number of months of observation. We used conditional logistic regression to compare the association between several A1C-based measures of glycemia and CVD, controlling for clinical characteristics and comorbidities. RESULTS AMGB was associated with increased CVD risk of 29% (odds ratio 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.44]; P &amp;lt; 0.001), while mean A1C was associated with a 22% risk increase (1.22 [1.09–1.37]; P &amp;lt; 0.001). A1C ever exceeding 7% was associated with increased CVD risk of 39% (1.39 [1.08–1.79]; P = 0.010). No model with a glycemia measure provided substantially more information than an identical model without a glycemia measure. CONCLUSIONS AMGB demonstrated somewhat greater CVD risk than mean A1C, but its clinical usefulness may be limited. A1C ever rising above 7% (53 mmol/mol) was a simple predictor of CVD risk that may have important clinical ramifications for newly diagnosed patients.
Multiple Myeloma in Young Persons
Authors: GEORGE M. HEWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Three young men were found to have multiple myeloma. Because their ages ranged from 17 to 22 years, the diagnosis was not considered initially, and then it was doubted until electrophoretic studies were completed. In none was the disease far advanced. These patients are the first well-documented group of young persons with multiple myeloma.
Consider validity, clinical relevance, and applicability of albumin for critically ill patients
Authors: M. Offringa
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Because of a series of questions I have received about the current clinical use of human albumin in critically ill patients, I wish to clarify the message that I intended my editorial last week to convey.1

Given the current evidence as summarised by the Cochrane albumin reviewers group,).2 the …
Killings prompt charity to withdraw from Somalia
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The “unprecedented and shocking” killings of three aid workers from Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Somalia on 28 January has left humanitarian organisations “baffled and concerned” and led to an exodus of aid workers, including all the agency’s international staff.

Those killed were a Kenyan surgeon, Victor Okumu, 51, French logistician Damien Lehalle, 27, and their local driver, Mohamed Abdi Ali, 28. They all worked for the recently established Kismayo emergency surgical project. Dr Okumu and Mr Lehalle had been there for less than a month.

An initial assessment …
Pathways to Diabetic Limb Amputation: Basis for Prevention
Authors: Roger E Pecoraro, Gayle E Reiber, Ernest M Burgess
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We defined the causal pathways responsible for 80 consecutive initial lower-extremity amputations to an extremity in diabetic patients at the Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center over a 30-mo interval from 1984 to 1987. Causal pathways, either unitary or composed of various combinations of seven potential causes (i.e., ischemia, infection, neuropathy, faulty wound healing, minor trauma, cutaneous ulceration, gangrene), were determined empirically after a synthesis by the investigators of various objective and subjective data. Estimates of the proportion of amputations that could be ascribed to each component cause were calculated. Twenty-three unique causal pathways to diabetic limb amputation were identified. Eight frequent constellations of component causes resulted in 73% of the amputations. Most pathways were composed of multiple causes, with only critical ischemia from acute arterial occlusions responsible for amputations as a singular cause. The causal sequence of minor trauma, cutaneous ulceration, and wound-healing failure applied to 72% of the amputations, often with the additional association of infection and gangrene. We specified precise criteria in the definition of causal pathway to permit estimation of the cumulative proportion of amputations due to various causes. Forty-six percent of the amputations were attributed to ischemia, 59% to infection, 61% to neuropathy, 81% to faulty wound healing, 84% to ulceration, 55% to gangrene, and 81% to initial minor trauma. An identifiable and potentially preventable pivotal event, in most cases an episode involving minor trauma that caused cutaneous injury, preceded 69 of 80 amputations. Defining causal pathways that predispose to diabetic limb amputation suggests practical interventions that may be effective in preventing diabetic limb loss.
Disruption of actin organization by cytochalasin D does not impair biliary secretion of organic anions in the rat
Authors: M V St-Pierre, J Dufour, I M Arias
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The bile canaliculi of hepatocytes contract spontaneously, and it is hypothesized that this canalicular motility provides a propulsive force for normal intrahepatic bile flow. Cytochalasin disrupts actin polymerization, inhibits contraction, and decreases bile flow. We investigated whether this cholestasis was associated with impaired canalicular secretion. Isolated rat hepatocyte doublets, with and without incubation with 2 mumol/L cytochalasin D (cytD), were superfused, under first-order conditions, to steady state with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled glycocholic acid (FITC-GC) and carboxy-4′,5′-dimethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFD), which are fluorescent substrates for the bile acid and the nonbile acid organic anion transport pathways, respectively. Fluorescent microscopic images were quantified and the data analyzed by noncompartmental and compartmental kinetic methods. cytD dilated the canalicular spaces fivefold but did not change the proportion of doublets that secreted either probe. Cytochalasin did not affect the mean cellular transit times of FITC-GC (2.8 and 2.5 minutes for control and cytochalasin-treated groups, respectively) and of carboxy-4′,5′-dimethylfluorescein (3.8 and 3.7 minutes, respectively). Analysis with a three-compartment model gave estimates of the rate constants for canalicular secretion: 0.21 ± 0.04 and 0.22 ± 0.03 min −1 in control and treated cells, respectively, for FITC-GC, and 0.14 ± 0.01 and 0.16 ± 0.02 min −1 , respectively, for carboxy-dimethylfluorescein. When kinetics are first-order, the canalicular secretion of organic anions is not altered by actin disruptive agents, suggesting that actin filaments do not modulate the function or distribution of these transporters. This suggests that impaired contractility rather than impaired canalicular secretion is the mechanism of cytD-induced cholestasis.
Poetry in potions
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Few medical texts are known to me that are more poetic than two volumes published by the British Medical Association in 1909 and 1912, respectively, entitled Secret Remedies and More Secret Remedies . They were best sellers, my copy of the first being among the 105th thousand.

The BMA, irritated by the continuing success of quacks and their nostrums, decided to publish an analysis of popular remedies. As the introduction to the first volume states, “Care has been taken to reproduce the claims and exuberant boasts of the vendors, and the contrast between them and the list of banal ingredients which follow must strike every reader. This juxtaposition of analytical facts and advertising fancies is …
Method for Evaluating Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride
Authors: Harry Barowsky
Journal: JAMA (1962)

MANAGEMENT of the patient with protracted diarrhea presents a complex of therapeutic problems. The physician is confronted with the need for suppression of the diarrhea, correction of water and electrolyte disturbances, maintenance of nutrition, control of secondary infection, and, occasionally, for restoration of blood loss. Causes of diarrhea are numerous, and in many instances no specific therapy is found. Whether the etiology is specific or nonspecific, prompt control of the frequent bowel movements is essential in order to prevent undue dehydration, loss of essential electrolytes, and malnutrition.  Control of diarrhea in the more severe cases often taxes the ingenuity of the physician. The common antidiarrheal agents such as bismuth, kaolin, charcoal, or pectin are effective only in very mild cases. Anticholinergic drugs and hydrophilous substances have limitations. In the more resistant cases it is usually necessary, despite the potential danger of inducing addiction, to resort to narcotics. Need for an
REVERSE WAVES IN THE PARS PYLORICA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: WALTER C. ALVAREZ
Journal: JAMA (1927)

One of the most interesting features about gastrointestinal peristalsis is the almost complete barrier which the pyloric ring places between the gastric and the duodenal waves. As Cannon pointed out years ago, the peristaltic contractions coursing over the stomach fade away as they approach this ring, and the same thing happens to the rhythmic segmenting movements in the duodenum. In recent years, however, it has been found that this block is not absolute, and that influences of some kind can cross over, so that peristaltic waves approaching the pylorus are often closely associated with tonus waves in the duodenum and with peristaltic rushes down the bowel.<sup>1</sup> There is some evidence also that just as the main gastric rhythm of three waves a minute often captures the tonus rhythm of the duodenum<sup>2</sup>and causes it to follow for a while, so the duodenal segmenting rhythm (from eighteen to twenty-four
A SPOON IN THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Henry Boylan Orton
Journal: JAMA (1923)

E. D., a white woman, aged 47, admitted to the New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane, at Morris Plains, because she was depressed and had suicidal tendencies, visited her home, on leave. On her return to the hospital, she had had difficulty in swallowing solid foods, with regurgitation and vomiting. A roentgenogram revealed a teaspoon in the esophagus, the bowl resting on the diaphragm. Further questioning of the patient by physicians elicited the information that she had swallowed the spoon four weeks prior to my visit, Sept. 25, 1922, and three weeks before going on leave.  September 25, I was called to the state hospital to attempt to remove the foreign body. An esophagoscopy was done, without anesthesia other than ¼ grain of morphin and 1/150 grain of atropin given hypodermically one hour before esophagoscopy. An extra long Jackson esophageal speculum was used, which was passed down the esophagus
Abstract 3213: Induction chemotherapy for stage 4 gastric cancer and prognostic molecular markers
Authors: Shugo Ueda, Kengo Hattori, Yoshikage Inoue, Kentaro Kadono, Mio Yoshimura, Masahiro Yoshida, Mami Yoshitomi, Akinari Nomura, Hiroki Hashida, Hiroaki Terajima, Nobuhiro Ozaki, Masakazu Fukushima
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The prognosis of gastric cancer with distant metastasis is very poor. Improvement of chemotherapy and investigation of molecular markers are required. We investigated the characteristics and the prognosis of patients with stage 4 gastric cancer with peritoneal or other distant metastases. 132 patients with stage 4 gastric carcinoma in Kitano hospital in between 2002 and 2009 were evaluated. The prognosis of the patients treated without chemotherapy was very poor. The prognosis of the patients with one factor of stage 4 was better than those with multiple factors. We tried induction chemotherapy with S-1 plus cisplatin for the patients without gastric bleeding or malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that induction chemotherapy improved the prognosis compared with adjuvant chemotheray after gastrectomy. In order to develop molecular markers for chemotherapeutic efficacy for advanced gastric cancer, we investigated the gene expression in the gastric carcinoma before treatment. We identified novel markers of gastric cancer using focused microarray analysis, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), low gene expression of which was associated with less malignant potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3213. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3213
The Road Back to the Bedside
Authors: Andrew Elder, Jeff Chi, Errol Ozdalga, John Kugler, Abraham Verghese
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurological Involvement in Acute Falciparum Malaria in Kenyan Children
Authors: Gabriele Rossi
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suppressing Hepatitis B without Resistance — So Far, So Good
Authors: Mark E. Mailliard, John L. Gollan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Clinicians caring for patients with chronic viral hepatitis face complex challenges. The ultimate goal of therapy for chronic hepatitis is to heal hepatic inflammation and necrosis, thereby halting progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although our understanding of the mechanisms of liver injury, fibrosis, regeneration, and repair is incomplete, it is apparent that the key to successful therapy for chronic viral hepatitis is the durable suppression of viral replication. Potential approaches using antifibrotic, cytoprotective, or proregenerative agents will remain secondary to the use of drugs that directly inhibit viral replication. Effective long-term suppression of viral replication requires medications that are . . .
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1996)

—Dr Perry raises an important point in regard to the role of pediatricians in both primary and secondary prevention. The AHCPR Smoking Cessation Guideline Panel considered at some length inclusion of a primary prevention section, but felt it was of sufficient scope to merit its own guideline. As Perry's description of his smoking cessation program for adults indicates, pediatricians have a unique role to play in smoking cessation, given the connection between a child's health and the smoking behavior of adult caretakers. Dr Merrick argues strongly that the magnitude of nicotine addiction requires intensive, long-term treatment for a successful outcome. Some patients do benefit from more intense and sustained treatment; indeed, the meta-analyses that provided the scientific support for the AHCPR<i>Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline</i>found a strong, positive doseresponse relationship between both intensity and duration of treatment and successful cessation. As a result, this finding was the basis
THE PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY (PRA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL-CAUSE AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE (ADHF) UNDER USE OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM INHIBITORS
Authors: Tomoya Ueda, Rika Kawakami, Yasuki Nakada, Takaki Matsumoto, Sadanori Okada, Yukiji Takeda, Makoto Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kawata, Shiro Uemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord
Authors: Wayne A. Cline
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was extremely interested in the two articles in reference to torsion of the spermatic cord (<b>200</b>:669, 673, 1967). I think this would make an excellent subject for an editorial inThe Journal. This is an extremely important problem—one that has not been emphasized by the medical schools. It is not a rare abnormality. I am associated with three other urologists, and we will see a torsion of the spermatic cord at least once every four to six weeks. In fact, we recently operated on one that was some 10 days old; the testicle, of course, was completely infarcted. We operated on the opposite side and did an orchipexy to prevent a torsion from occurring on the uninvolved side. I have seen two cases in which torsion later occurred on the uninvolved side, and the testicles in both cases were completely destroyed. A physician should consider
THYROTOXICOSIS FOLLOWING ELECTRIC CONVULSIVE TREATMENT
Authors: NICHOLAS A. BERCEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. Three cases of hyperthyroidism occurring in the course of or after ECT for unrelated psychoses were described. 2. This occurred in a fraction of 1% of controlled cases. 3. It is believed that individuals unable to manufacture their own cortisone are unequipped to counteract the increased production of the thyrotrophic factor of the pituitary caused by ECT. 4. Metrazol did not seem to parallel ECT in its effect on thyroid function and was successfully used in clearing up 2 cases of frankly thyrotoxic delirium.