tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention Conference V
Authors: Scott M. Grundy, Terry Bazzarre, James Cleeman, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Martha Hill, Nancy Houston-Miller, William B. Kannel, Ronald Krauss, Harlan M. Krumholz, Ronald M. Lauer, Ira S. Ockene, Richard C. Pasternak, Thomas Pearson, Paul M. Ridker, David Wood
Journal: Circulation (2000)
The Coding Audit
Authors: Kwan Kew Lai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998The Coding AuditKwan Kew Lai, DMD, MDKwan Kew Lai, DMD, MDUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA 01655Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Sumkin's paper “The Coding Audit” [1] revived some of the emotional responses that I experienced when our financial officer met with us to discuss how we should document our notes to reflect the level of charges. As an intern and later as a fellow, I longed for the day when I would become an attending physician and would only have to write a few short paragraphs summarizing my assessment and plans for my patients. Now that I am an attending physician, I realize that with the requirements set forth by the Health Care Financing Administration, I ...References1. Sumkin J. The coding audit. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:502. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kwan Kew Lai, DMD, MDAffiliations: University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester, MA 01655 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 754-755KeywordsChartsEmotionsHealth careHypoglycemiaInformation theoryPatientsSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Case 16-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Daniel S. Ellis, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal swelling.He was well until 17 years earlier, when pulmonary tuberculosis developed; he was admitted to a sanatorium and given isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid for one year. Ten years before admission he began to drink heavily and consumed up to 10 "shots" and 18 beers daily. His appetite was poor, and he rarely ate three meals a day. Three years before entry the right leg became discolored, and an amputation was performed at another hospital. One year before admission ulcers developed on the left foot, and . . .
Hautveränderungen bei inneren Krankheiten: Korrelationen zwischen Hauterscheinungen und physiologischen bzw. pathologischen Vorgängen im Organismus
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

These volumes contain more than "Cutaneous Changes in Internal Diseases," more than the authors' aim "to encompass almost the total pathology of human illness in its dermatological aspects." They include also cyanoses; localized and generalized edema (200 correlations); reflex hyperesthesia and reflex oculocutaneous changes in visceral disease; Sudeck atrophy; subcutaneous emphysema; tumors and atrophy; venous thromboses; venous patterns and varices; gangrenes; vasculitis; abnormal obesities; genetic defects; pallor and flushing (carcinoid); the facies dolorosa of many diseases; and descriptions or lists of all interrelated internal and cutaneous disorders. An introductory chapter describes the causes of common disorders of the skin, nails, and hair; then follows 27 chapters of the dermatological components or concomitants of all organ systems; of metabolic, hematopoeic, lymphatic, infectious, and parasitic diseases; deficiency states; collagenoses and lipidoses; and sections on puberty, menarche, pregnancy, menopause, and gynecological disease. Two final chapters cover skin diseases related to diseases of the
Comparison of the action of heparin and streptokinase on experimental pulmonary emboli in the dog
Authors: I. D. VELLAR, E. F. O'SULLIVAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Comparison of the action of heparin and streptokinase on experimental pulmonary emboli in the dog Get access IVO D. VELLAR, IVO D. VELLAR From the University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar EDWARD F. O'SULLIVAN EDWARD F. O'SULLIVAN From the University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 6, November 1972, Pages 734–740, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.6.734 Published: 01 November 1972
about emotional intelligence and moral decisions
Authors: pablo fernandez-berrocal, natalio extremera
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

this commentary explores the use of interaction between moral heuristics and emotional intelligence (ei). the main insight presented is that the quality of moral decisions is very sensitive to emotions, and hence this may lead us to a better understanding of the role of emotional abilities in moral choices. in doing so, we consider how individual differences (specifically, ei) are related to moral decisions. we summarize evidence bearing on some of the ways in which ei might moderate framing effects in different moral tasks such as “the asian disease problem” and other more real-life problems like “a divorce decision.”
Kazutoshi Mori and Peter Walter receive the 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award
Authors: Corinne L. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Cells are continuously faced with life-and-death decisions based on their ability to handle stressful situations. One indicator of stress is the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the ER, which induces a transcriptional cascade aimed at increasing the folding capacity of the ER. If the burden is too great and homeostasis cannot be restored, the response shifts from damage control to the induction of apoptotic pathways. This unfolded protein response (UPR) is conserved among all eukaryotes, and dysfunction in this pathway underlies many human diseases, including diabetes and cancer. The 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research award honors Kazutoshi Mori of Kyoto University and Peter Walter of the UCSF (Figure ​(Figure1)1) for their contributions toward unraveling the pathways involved in mediating the complex cellular response to ER stress.



Figure 1

The recipients of the 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award.
Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus — The Wake-Up Call
Authors: Oren J. Cohen, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The addition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–protease inhibitors to the armamentarium of antiretroviral drugs has dramatically improved the prognosis for HIV-infected persons.13 Although these agents do not eradicate the virus,46 they can provide long-term control of viral replication and substantially prolong disease-free survival, and they represent an important therapeutic advance. As has been the case throughout the brief history of the HIV epidemic, any progress invariably leads to new obstacles to be overcome; the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy is certainly no exception to this rule.A number of sociologic, pharmacologic, immunologic, and virologic issues . . .
Heredity and Cortisol Regulation in Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: André Lacroix
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Cushing's syndrome is a challenging disease in which excess cortisol is secondary to diverse tumors with complex molecular mechanisms. The syndrome has been categorized as corticotropin-dependent or corticotropin-independent. Approximately 20% of cases — mainly cortisol-secreting unilateral adenomas or carcinomas — are considered corticotropin-independent. Cushing's syndrome rarely (in <2% of cases) results from primary bilateral nodular hyperplasia (either corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia or micronodular hyperplasia). Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with subclinical cortisol secretion is more frequent; approximately 10% of incidentally detected adrenal lesions, which are seen in approximately 4% of adults, are bilateral.1 Despite suppressed levels of circulating corticotropin, excess cortisol . . .
STRABISMUS AS A SYMPTOM IN CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
Authors: Lloyd B. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The incidence of such eye conditions as interstitial keratitis (corneal opacities) and, to a lesser degree, of optic atrophy, in congenital syphilis, is well known. Paralyses of cranial nerves are frequently listed in textbooks as lesions of the nervous system in this disease. Strabismus by itself is not mentioned as a symptom of congenital syphilis in most of the textbooks of pediatrics and syphilology. Strabismus of one or of both eyes in acquired, adult syphilis of the nervous system is, of course, well known as a presenting complaint, or symptom. Jeans<sup>1</sup>found that in his series the central nervous system was involved in congenital syphilis in about one third of the cases, which was about the same incidence reported in the literature reviewed by him. At Stanford Children's Clinic we have had a number of patients suffering from congenital syphilis and strabismus, in some of whom the latter was the
Long-Term Effects of Early Genetic Influences on Behavior
Authors: Robert Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In a recently published study, investigators at Columbia University reported on a mouse model in which the forebrain serotonin-1A receptor was knocked out. The mice demonstrated inhibition of certain aspects of behavior. For example, when placed in an open area the affected mice were less likely to explore than normal mice. In this commentary, Dr. Freedman discusses the implications of this provocative research for the genetic control of human behavior.
Protecting personal data
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<b>Objectives:</b> To characterise comprehensively the antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Arkhangelsk, Russia, and to investigate whether the recommended treatment guidelines are updated and effective. <b>Methods:</b> The susceptibility of <i>N gonorrhoeae</i> isolates, cultured during June–November 2004 mainly from consecutive patients with gonorrhoea (n = 76) in Arkhangelsk, to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline was analysed using Etest. Nitrocefin discs were used for β-lactamase detection. <b>Results:</b> The levels of intermediate susceptibility and resistance to the different antibiotics were as follows: penicillin G 76%, ampicillin 71%, cefixime 0%, ceftriaxone 3%, ciprofloxacin 17%, erythromycin 54%, azithromycin 14%, kanamycin 49%, spectinomycin 0% and tetracycline 92%. Of the isolates 55 (72%) were determined as multiresistant—that is, they showed intermediate susceptibility or resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. However, none of the isolates were β-lactamase producing. <b>Conclusions:</b> In Arkhangelsk, and presumably in many other areas of Russia, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin and tetracycline should not be used in the treatment of gonorrhoea if the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are not available. In Russia, optimised, standardised and quality-assured antibiotic susceptibility testing needs to be established in many laboratories. Subsequently, continuous local, regional and national surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility is crucial to detect the emergence of new resistance, monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis.
Hardened Fats, Hardened Arteries?
Authors: Tim Byers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The value of hardened (trans) unsaturated fats in our food supply is probably best exemplified by the glazed doughnut. At room temperature, a glazed doughnut can be easily eaten with one hand, but warmed up it requires two hands and a napkin. That's what trans fats can do for us: they keep our pastries firm and our margarine stiff at room temperature. Trans fats are produced when polyunsaturated vegetable fats are artificially hydrogenated, a process that increases both their firmness and their resistance to oxidative spoilage. About 5 to 10 percent of the fat in our American diet and about . . .
Continuing medical education: Interprofessional working and continuing medical education
Authors: L. A Headrick, P. M Wilcock, P. B Batalden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editorial by Toghill 

The increased focus on the results of professional practice (that is, the health outcomes of individuals and populations) creates two related tensions which will be considered in this paper. The first is the need for improved working and collaboration among different health professionals; the second is the demand for a broader vision of continuing medical education (CME).

Almost everyone who seeks medical care interacts with more than one health professional. The number of professionals involved and the importance of their ability to work collaboratively increases with the complexity of the patient's needs. New initiatives to improve management of diseases such as asthma, diabetes, or congestive heart failure invariably point out the need for interprofessional collaboration.1 Increasingly, the “myth of the omnipotence of the independent practitioner” is being challenged as we discover the gains in quality and savings in cost when health professionals work together well.2

At the same time, traditional approaches to delivering CME for doctors are being questioned. A recent review of randomised controlled trials of CME concluded that it was undermined by difficulties with its delivery, that it seemed unable to respond to the urgent demands of healthcare reform, and that there was little evidence for its own effectiveness and efficacy.3 The bulk of the studies focused on traditional approaches, although they identified a widening range of CME activities. Further, it was shown that even when there was change in doctors' behaviour there was “most often a small, less often a moderate, and rarely a large” effect on health outcomes.

In its working paper Continuing Professional Development for Doctors and Dentists , the Standing Committee on Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education (SCOPME) concluded that “conventional continuing medical education is no longer adequate to meet all the education and career development needs of …
Hold on tight and be prepared to change in a few years
Authors: G. C. Rivett
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The King’s Fund report Leading Health Care in London 1 and the linked BMJ editorial2 describe the latest episode in the problem of London’s hospitals over the past two centuries.3

The development and implementation of the 2012 act is as messy as the multiple schemes leading to the 1974 reorganisation, which it beats hands down in terms of its unworkable complexity. The Grey …
Effects of long-term right ventricular apical pacing on left ventricular perfusion, innervation, function and histology
Authors: Michael A. Lee, Michael W. Dae, Jonathan J. Langberg, Jerry C. Griffin, Michael C. Chin, Walter E. Finkbeiner, J.William O'connell, Elias Botvinick, Melvin M. Scheinman, Mårten Rosenqvist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema increases exercise capacity but not does not affect mortality
Authors: P Lawson
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med2003;348:2059–73 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This was a randomised multicentre trial comparing lung volume reduction surgery with continuing medical treatment in patients with severe emphysema (n=538 and 540, respectively, after exclusions). The primary outcomes were mortality and maximal exercise capacity 2 years after randomisation. Overall mortality was similar in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa030287%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12759479%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa030287&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12759479&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F8%2F720.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000183008300003&link_type=ISI
Subclinical onychomycosis is associated with tinea pedis
Authors: H.W. Walling
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Summary Background Onychomycosis is a common cause of nail dystrophy and may be associated with tinea pedis. The presence of dermatophyte fungi in clinically normal nails is unknown. Objectives To assess the presence of dermatophyte fungi in normal‐appearing toenails and to compare the risk of subclinical dermatophytosis in patients without and with concurrent tinea pedis. Methods This is a prospective, University‐based study of adults without and with microscopically confirmed tinea pedis. Subjects with dystrophy of any toenail were excluded, as were those ever previously diagnosed as having onychomycosis and those who had used topical antifungals in the past year. A great toenail clipping obtained from each subject was submitted for periodic acid–Schiff histology. Results One hundred and one subjects (63 men and 38 women, mean ± SD age 45·4 ± 15·7 years) were included. Overall, septate hyphae (ostensibly dermatophyte) were identified in seven specimens. Of the 66 control subjects, one case (1·5%) of nail dermatophyte was identified. Of the 35 subjects with tinea pedis, six cases (17%) of nail dermatophyte were identified (P =0·0066; odds ratio 13·4, 95% confidence interval 1·6–117). There were no significant differences in age or gender between the experimental and control groups or between the nail dermatophyte‐positive and negative cohorts. Conclusions Dermatophyte fungi may be isolated from normal‐appearing toenails. The presence of dermatophytes in this situation is strongly associated with the presence of tinea pedis. Subclinical dermatophyte in the nail plate may serve as a reservoir for ongoing local infection.
Provision of home births.
Authors: P. Roseveare, D. Robinson, K. Allen, E. Sewell, C. Cheal, J. Sikorski, B. Clark, S. Thomas, N. Leap
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Medline search.This showed that during 1982-6 nine papers included the phrase in their titles with a further 59 using it in the abstract.During 1987- 91 these figures jumped to 35 and 373 respectively.These figures do not include other papers that use the phrase elsewhere in the text.A close inspection of these 35 recent publications indicates that the use is subject to considerable criticism.In 19 cases the designation gold standard is questioned in such varied conditions as depres- sion,' left ventricular function,4 osteoporosis,5 and gastro-oesophageal reflux.! This is not surprising, I suppose, as these are clinical conditions that are not amenable to the certainty implied in the term.Because the phrase smacks of dogma its use should be discontinued in medical science.After all, the financiers gave up the idea of a gold standard decades ago.
Antiresorptive Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Comparison of Study Designs and Outcomes in Large Clinical Trials with Fracture as an Endpoint
Authors: Robert Marcus, Mayme Wong, Hunter Heath, John L. Stock
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

Abstract Antiresorptive treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis have been studied extensively, but due to the volume of published data and lack of head-to-head trials, it is difficult to evaluate and compare their fracture reduction efficacy. The objective of this review is to summarize the results from clinical trials that have fracture as an endpoint and to discuss the factors in study design and populations that can affect the interpretation of the results. Although there are numerous observational studies suggesting that estrogen and hormone replacement therapies may reduce the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, there is no large, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial demonstrating fracture efficacy. The effects of raloxifene, alendronate, risedronate, and salmon calcitonin on increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and decreasing fracture risk have been shown in randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Although the increases in lumbar spine BMD vary greatly in these trials, the decrease in relative risk of vertebral fractures is similar among therapies. However, nonvertebral fracture efficacy has not been consistently demonstrated. Combined administration of two antiresorptive therapies results in greater BMD increases, but the effects on fracture risk are unknown. Direct comparisons of clinical trial results should be considered carefully, given the differences in study design and populations. Differences in study design that may influence the efficacy of fracture risk reduction include calcium and vitamin D supplementation, primary fracture endpoints, definition of vertebral deformity or fracture, discontinuation rates, and statistical power. Factors in the study population that may influence fracture efficacy include the age of the population and the proportion of subjects with prevalent fractures. The use of surrogate endpoints such as BMD to predict fracture risk should be approached with caution, as the relationship between BMD changes and fracture risk reduction with antiresorptive therapies is uncertain. Consideration of these results from clinical trials can contribute to clinical judgment in selecting the best treatment option for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODIES TO PENICILLIN IN RABBITS
Authors: Alan S. Josephson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

A method for the production of antibodies specifically directed against penicillin is described. The inability of this antibody to significantly reduce the antibiotic activity of penicillin is noted. Evidence to show the variability of specificities of various sera, some directed for the most part against the side chain, others against the nucleus is presented. Studies on serum fractions separated electrophorectically indicate that the antibody migrates in the fast gamma-globulin and beta-globulin fractions and requires dextran or albumin to effect agglutination. The inability of penicilloic acid, an hydrolysis product of penicillin to provoke antibody formation despite its ability to inhibit the antibody is shown and the implications of this observations are discussed.