tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fundamental dilemmas of the randomized clinical trial process: results of a survey of the 1,737 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group investigators.
Authors: K M Taylor, M L Feldstein, R T Skeel, K J Pandya, P Ng, P P Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

We studied oncologists' attitudes and behavior with regard to their participation in randomized clinical trials.We surveyed the 1,737 physician members of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) using the Physician Orientation Profile (POP), a self-administered mailed questionnaire. A response rate of 86% was achieved (1,485 of 1,737); each physician's actual patient accrual was recorded.All respondents indicated that they had a systematic pattern of patient preselection for entry onto trials beyond the formal inclusion/exclusion trial criteria. Eighty-nine percent stated that improving patient quality of life rather than prolonging survival was more personally satisfying. Sixty-two percent did not enter a single patient during the 12-month period following the survey, while 10% entered 80% of all patients during that time. Physicians overestimated their accrual rate by a factor of 6. Eighty-three percent defined randomization and adherence to trial protocol as a serious challenge to their ability to make individualized treatment decisions.This study raises questions regarding the following: (1) the perceived generalizability of trial findings, (2) the role of end points other than survival for clinical trials, (3) the consequences of physician overestimation of patient accrual, and (4) the impact of randomized trials on the behavior of clinicians. Further investigation into these critical issues will provide meaningful recommendations to enhance the future design, implementation, and conduct of randomized clinical trials in cancer.
Lung function, weight, and sweat chloride responses in patients with cystic fibrosis and the G551D-CFTR mutation treated with ivacaftor: A secondary analysis
Authors: Stuart Elborn, Barry Plant, Michael Konstan, Richard Aherns, Sally Rodriguez, Anne Munck, Charles Johnson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Clinical studies show improved FEV 1  in ivacaftor-treated CF patients with the  G551D-CFTR  mutation when compared with placebo. To better understand the clinical benefit for those who fall below the median response, we examined pharmacodynamic and efficacy data from Phase 3 ivacaftor Studies 102/103.  This secondary analysis of patients who received 48 weeks of ivacaftor (n=109) or placebo (n=100), examined the number needed to treat (NNT), frequency and cumulative distribution functions and subset analyses to evaluate response (sweat chloride, FEV 1 , weight). Changes in these outcomes according to FEV 1  response were also compared.  The NNT for a reduction in sweat chloride of 20 mMol/L was 1.03. To achieve an improvement in FEV 1  of ≥5%, NNT was 1.73. For both treatment populations, the data were normally distributed with a shift toward benefit for the ivacaftor group. Numerical differences were seen in sweat chloride and weight for ivacaftor-treated patients, regardless of whether or not a ≥5% FEV 1  improvement was achieved (Table).  Ivacaftor was observed to produce an effect on sweat chloride, FEV 1 , and weight. These analyses indicate that in % predicted FEV 1  responders (>5% improvement) and minimal responders (
Drug-induced changes in the plasma membrane of Microsporum canis.
Authors: V. PUCCINELLI, M. INNOCENTI, A. LASAGNI, R. CAPUTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Commercial solutions of clotrimazole, tolnaftate and tolcyclate were tested for 12 h in cultures of Microsporum canis. They induced modifications in particle distribution, a blebbing of particle-free areas and the appearance of lamellar figures on the plasma membrane of fungus cells. The first two changes in the plasma membrane might be ascribed to a modification of the spectrin-like meshwork, while the third could be the result of a crystalline organization of membrane lipids.
Relationship between obesity and clinical outcome in adults with acute myeloid leukemia: A pooled analysis from four<scp>CALGB</scp>(alliance) clinical trials
Authors: Jorge J. Castillo, Flora Mulkey, Susan Geyer, Jonathan E. Kolitz, William Blum, Bayard L. Powell, Stephen L. George, Richard A. Larson, Richard M. Stone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Obesity has been previously suggested as an adverse prognostic marker in patients with acute leukemia. To evaluate the relationship between obesity and clinical outcome, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we performed a pooled analysis of four CALGB (Alliance) clinical trials. Our study included 446 patients with APL from CALGB 9710, and 1,648 patients between 18 and 60 years of age with non-APL AML from CALGB 9621, 10503, and 19808. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m(2). Multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression models were fitted for DFS and OS. Obesity was seen in 50% and 38% of APL and non-APL AML patients, respectively. In APL patients, obesity was associated with worse DFS (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27; P = 0.04) and OS (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15-2.58; P = 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, performance status, race, ethnicity, treatment arm and baseline white blood cell count. Obesity was not significantly associated with DFS or OS in the non-APL AML patients. In conclusion, our study indicates that obesity has significant prognostic value for DFS and OS in APL patients, but not for non-APL AML patients.
Induction of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Respiratory Tract of Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: P. Nettesheim, Anna S. Hammons
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Squamous cell carcinomas of the respiratory tract were induced in (C57BL × C3H)F1 (BC3F1) and DBA/2 mice by repeated intratracheal injections of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). The tumors showed frank invasion and metastasis and were readily transplantable to isogenic recipients. In BC3F1 mice given 6 weekly injections of 0.5 mg MCA, a tumor incidence of 86% with an induction time of 10–28 weeks was observed. Only 3 of 50 DBA/2 mice have developed squamous cell carcinomas at 7 months, after 4 weekly injections of 0.5 mg MCA. The exact origin of the observed respiratory tract carcinomas still needs to be determined.
Antibiotic resistance in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-clinical signs
Authors: Pavlina Nikolova, Tsania Popova, Zlatina Dikova, Plamen Pavlov, Yavor Ivanov, Nikolay Yanev, Nikolay Kyuchukov, Svetlana Pachkova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Respiratory infections play significant role in the progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The clinical effect of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in ambulatory patients with COPD is still poorly examined.  Aim: To estimate some clinical parameters of ABR in ambulatory patients with COPD.  Methods: Retrospective study in Pulmonary Practice in Pleven, Bulgaria. We studied 249 outpatients with COPD for 3 year period. The indices such as sex, age, smoking status, concomitant diseases, pulmonary function were tested. Microbiological testing from sputum isolates and their resistance to antibiotics were evaluated. Correlations between ABR and indicated indices were studied.  Results: Pathogenic isolates were found in 71 patients (28,5%), average age 68y (SD± 9,1). 84,5% were men and 15,5% - women. 75% of them were smokers. The most frequent isolates were:  P  .   aeruginosa  (18.3%),  H  .   influenzae  (16.9%),  K  .   pneumoniae  (15.5%) and  E  .   coli  (12.7%). 40,9% (29) of the cases were with resistant pathogens. Exacerbation of COPD was registered in 32 (45,1%) of patients. The frequency of resistant microorganisms in the patients with FEV1 2  =7.59, p= 0.0059). Similar results respect to smokers with higher resistant pathogens were found (χ 2  = 5.01, p= 0.0252). All of the samples with  P. aeruginosa  were from smokers. There was no significant correlation between concomitant diseases and ABR.  Conclusion: Constantly microbiological testing of sputum in COPD’ patients in ambulatory practice give valued information about ABR and its clinical expression. Further extensive research is necessary to generalize this effect.
Socioeconomic position indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence
Authors: Luisa N. Borrell, Natalie D. Crawford
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)

Abstract Socioeconomic factors, such as education and income, are associated with disparities in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, and this has been recognized since the 1960s. Epidemiological reports have consistently shown that periodontal disease is inversely related to education and income after controlling for age and gender, and that differences in education and income explain most if not all of the observed disparities in periodontal disease between blacks and whites. Although race/ethnicity has been the main focus of studies on differences in periodontal diseases in the USA, periodontal disease disparities according to socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators (i.e. education, income, poverty–income ratio) remain pervasive in the USA. SEP indicators, as used in the epidemiological literature, involve use of socioeconomic measures as a proxy measure for an individual’s place, position and power in society. Thus, understanding disparities according to SEP indicators in periodontal health status may provide insight into why racial/ethnic disparities in periodontal health status persist. Here we review recent prevalence estimates of periodontitis according to SEP indicators, and critically assess the importance of SEP factors in periodontal epidemiolgy. The majority of the data available for review come from the USA. However, data from other countries are included where available. Specifically, we identify the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used SEP indicators in studying periodontal disease, summarize existing evidence on the association between SEP indicators and periodontitis, discuss the analytical issues associated with SEP indicators, and suggest future and alternative research directions for examining the association between SEP indicators and periodontitis.
Surgery for late blunt traumatic diaphragmatic lesion
Authors: Danail Petrov, Michail Plochev, Elyuar Goranov, Georgi Yankov, Svilen Alexov, Rossen Petkov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of surgery in the blunt traumatic diaphragmatic lesions.  Material and methods: From 1990 to 2010 a total of 24 patients (pts) (3 female and 21 male, mean age 47.1y) were operated on. Time from trauma to surgery varied between 4 months to 8 years. The left hemidiaphragm was injured in 17 cases, while the right one in 7. The thoracic trauma was associated with other injuries in 10 pts. In 3pts incarceration of herniated visceral segment was observed. In 2 pts herniated stomach has been drained for “pneumothorax” and emergency surgery was carried out.  Results: Laparotomy was applied in 3 pts with stomach volvulus. In 21 cases thoracotomy was the surgical approach. Stomach, colon, small bowl, omentum and spleen were most frequently found to herniated through the left diaphragmatic defects, whereas colon and lever were mostly seen in the right enterothorax. In 1 patient transthoracic splenectomy was carried out because of a severe induration. Dense adhesions were found in all cases. Mayo technique was performed in 19 pts for diaphragmatic repair. Marlex mesh was used in 4 pts and in 1 case an original technique for repair of enormous diaphragmatic defect with pericardial flap was carried out. Uneventful postoperative period was observed in all but one (pulmonary embolism, successfully treated). The mean in-hospital stay was 12.1 days. No relapse of the diaphragmatic lesion 1 to 16 years after the operation.  Conclusions: Patients with diaphragmatic rupture presenting in the late phase have adhesion between the herniated abdominal and intrathoracic organs, and thus the rupture is best approached and repaired via a thoracotomy, followed by very good early and long-term postoperative results.
Detection of Inflammatory Sacroiliitis in Children With Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Is Gadolinium Contrast Enhancement Necessary?
Authors: Pamela F. Weiss, Rui Xiao, David M. Biko, Ann M. Johnson, Nancy A. Chauvin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective In adults, gadolinium contrast enhancement does not add incremental value to fluid‐sensitive sequences for evaluation of bone marrow edema. This study was undertaken to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast is necessary to assess lesions consistent with inflammatory sacroiliitis in children. Methods Patients with clinically suspected or diagnosed juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) underwent pelvic MRI consisting of multiplanar fluid‐sensitive and postgadolinium T1‐weighted fat‐saturated sequences including dedicated sacral imaging. Three radiologists independently evaluated the fluid‐sensitive sequences, and later, the complete study (including postcontrast images). With postcontrast imaging as the reference standard, we calculated the test properties of fluid‐sensitive sequences for depiction of acute and chronic findings consistent with sacroiliitis. Results The 51 patients had a median age of 15 years, and 57% were male. Nineteen patients (22 joints) were diagnosed as having sacroiliitis based on postcontrast imaging, and none had synovitis in the absence of bone marrow edema. All 22 joints demonstrated bone marrow edema on both fluid‐sensitive and postgadolinium T1‐weighted fat‐saturated sequences. Eighteen percent of joints with sacroiliitis had capsulitis, which was observed on both noncontrast and postcontrast imaging. Fifty‐nine percent of joints with sacroiliitis had synovitis on postcontrast imaging. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of fluid‐sensitive sequences for the detection of acute inflammatory lesions consistent with sacroiliitis using postgadolinium imaging as the reference standard were excellent. Interrater reliability was substantial for all parameters. Conclusion Our findings indicate that fluid‐sensitive sequences are sufficient to detect acute and chronic lesions consistent with inflammatory sacroiliitis in children.
International Survey for Smoking Prevalence and Spontaneous Awareness of the Symptmos of Lung Cancer
Authors: Toshiyuki Sawa, Yasuo Iwamoto, Shinichiroh Nakamura, Kenji Eguchi, Hiroshi Semba, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yoichi Nakanishi, Carolyn Aldje, Jesme Fox, Matthew Peters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Bleeding Complications and Possible Resistance Patterns of Anti-Angiogenesis Treatments in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma(R/M Hnscc) - Reflections from a Phase Ii Study of Pazopanib in R/M Hnscc
Authors: J.P. Chen, R.L. Hong
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 in a farmer with skin lesions and in pigs of his farm: clonal relationship and detection of lnu(A) gene
Authors: C. Lozano, C. Aspiroz, M. Ara, E. Gómez-Sanz, M. Zarazaga, C. Torres
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Abstract 18614: Long-term Psychosocial Outcomes of Congenital Heart Disease: Neurocognitive Performance, Quality of Life, Psychosocial Adjustment and Psychiatric Morbidity of Adolescents and Young Adults Surviving Their Disease
Authors: Maria Emilia G Areias, Stefanie Melo, João Pedro Lopes, Filipa Rodrigues, Ana Catarina Nascimento, Daniela Cerqueira, Liliana Gomes, Anabela Estrela, Joana Miranda, Filipa Vilacova, Cláudia Moura, Joana Soares, Bruno Peixoto, Jorge Quintas, José Carlos Areias
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: to study neurocognitive performance (NP) of CHD patients and to determine whether is related to parameters of fetal development registered at birth, head circumference (HC), weight (W) and length (L) and neonatal parameters (APGAR 1, 5); to study their quality of life (QOL), psychiatric morbidity (PM), psychosocial adjustment (PSA) and traits of personality (TP). Methods: 266 CHD patients, 148 male, aged from 12 to 30 years (mean= 18.00 ± 3.22), 103 cyanotic, and 119 healthy controls (56 males, mean=18.41±3.20) participated. Clinical data were collected. Neuropsychological assessment included Wechsler’s Digit Test (direct and reverse) and Symbol Search, Rey’s Complex Figure, BADS’s Key Searching Test, Color-Word Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (A, B) and Logical Memory Task. Participants were interviewed on social support, family educational style, self-image, physical limitations, completed a psychiatric interview (SADS-L) and self-report questionnaires on QOL (WHOQOL-BREF), PSA (YSR and ASR) and TP (NEOPI-R). HC, W and L and APGAR were collected. Results: CHD patients had a significantly worse NP than healthy controls in all tests, and the cyanotic worse than the acyanotic patients (but not significantly). Several correlations were apparent between fetal parameters (HC, W and L) and neuropsychological abilities in CHD. However, low weight at birth, cyanosis and male gender are the main predictors of bad NP later on in CHD patients (R=0.414; R2=0.171; F=5.787; p=0.001; β=1.654; t=2.858; p=0.005; β=1.881; t=2.377; p=0.020; b=1.624; t=2.062; p=0.042). We found a 15.3% lifetime prevalence of psychopathology (18.5% in females). Comparing to normal population, our patients have better QOL in environmental (t=6.907; p=0.000), social relationships (t=5.102; p=0.000) and general dimensions (t=2.558; p=0.011). Complex CHD reported worse QOL in physical dimension (U=3576.500; p=0.001) than those with moderate/mild forms of disease; Female patients showed worse PSA, with more withdrawal, anxiety/depression and internalization. Conclusion: CHD patients have worse NP than controls; low weight at birth, male gender and the presence of cyanosis predict bad NP in CHD patients; patients seem to be more prone to PM, worse PSA and SP.
Diagnostic value of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) in exudative pleural effusions
Authors: K Shimokata, Y Totani, K Nakanishi, M Yamamoto, Y Hasegawa, H Kawatsu, H Sasou, T Murate, S Ichiyama, T Kurasawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Pleural fluid levels of the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) were determined in 40 patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and in 41 patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. Using a cut off level of 16 U/ml, 15 of the 40 carcinomatous fluids but none of the 41 tuberculous fluids were positive. Pleural fluid levels of CA15-3 were not correlated with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Combined assay of CEA and CA15-3, or CA19-9 and CA15-3, increased the positive rate from 79 to 82% and from 67 to 73%, respectively. Measurement of pleural fluid CA15-3 levels are less useful in separating carcinomatous from tuberculous effusions than is measurement of CEA or CA19-9.
Lung Cancer Mortality (1950–80) in Relation to Radon Daughter Exposure in a Cohort of Workers at the Eldorado Beaverlodge Uranium Mine
Authors: G R Howe, R C Nair, H B Newcombe, A B Miller, J D Abbatt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

A cohort study of 8,487 workers employed between 1948 and 1980 at a uranium mine in Saskatchewan, Canada, has been conducted. A total of 65 lung cancer deaths was observed (34.24 expected, P < 10-5). There was a highly significant linear relationship between dose and increased risk of lung cancer giving estimates for the relative and attributable risk coefficients of 3.28% per working level month (WLM) and 20.8 per WLM per 106 person-years. Age at first exposure had a significant modifying effect on risk. The interaction of exposure with age at observation fits a relative risk model well. The similarity of these results to a recent study of Swedish iron miners with similar levels of relatively low exposure suggests that exposure to radon daughter products may be a major contributory factor to lung cancer occurring among nonsmokers in the general population. The results also reinforce concerns as to the appropriateness of present occupational exposure standards.
Leuprolide acetate in the treatment of refractory or persistent epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: J J Kavanagh, W Roberts, P Townsend, S Hewitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Leuprolide acetate (Lupron, TAP Pharmaceuticals, North Chicago), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, was administered subcutaneously at a 1-mg dose for a minimum of 8 weeks to 23 patients with refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Eighteen of these patients were evaluable. There were no complete responses. Four patients (17%) had a partial response, with a median duration of 52 weeks. Three of six patients with grade 1 carcinomas had a partial response and two had stabilized disease. There was only one response among 15 patients with grade 2 or 3 disease. Therapy was well tolerated, with three patients complaining of hot flashes and two of mild pedal edema. Leuprolide acetate thus shows evidence of antitumor activity against refractory grade 1 epithelial adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Further trials with larger numbers of patients should be conducted.
Interstitial lung disease associated by gemcitabine chemotherapy in non-small lung cancer patients: Analysis based on the data in practical use with confirmed denominator
Authors: Yukiko Miura, Yoshinobu Saito, Yuji Minegishi, Arata Azuma, Akihiko Gemma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Gemcitabine (GEM), which is often used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was reported to induce interstitial lung disease (ILD) in Japan. Presently, all-case postmarketing surveillance came to be generally conducted after the launch of new anti-cancer drug to investigate less-frequently but serious adverse drug reactions such as ILD in Japan. However, all-case surveillance had not been conducted for GEM and there is few data of GEM-induced ILD incidence in NSCLC practical use with confirmed denominator.   Objectives:  To investigate incidence rate, severity and risk factors of ILD in NSCLC patients with GEM chemotherapy in single institute.   Methods:  We conducted a retrospective observational study of all NSCLC patients who received GEM in our hospital through medical records.   Results:  172 patients received chemotherapy for NSCLC with GEM. ILD developed in five (2.9%) among these patients. ILD developed 10 to 80 days after the first administration of GEM. Of the five patients, four patients improved by steroid, whereas one patient died despite steroid therapy. Patient9s characteristics reported to be as risk factors of drug-induced ILD, such as age, performance status, and smoking history, concomitant use of anti-cancer drugs, were compared between ILD and non-ILD patients. However, significant differences were not detected.   Conclusions:  Incidence rate of GEM-associated ILD in NSCLC patients was 2.9% in this study. Most of the patients who developed ILD had a good prognosis but one of them had a fatal outcome. We weigh the difference between our result and previous reports of GEM-associated ILD.