tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3612: Detection and quantification of tumor-derived microparticles in a murine orthotopic tumor progression model
Authors: Abraham Korman, Lisa Green, Sandy White, John Burch, Catherine Clutinger, Li Li, Blake L. Neubauer, Katherine T. Landschulz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Approximately 85% of newly identified pancreatic cancer patients are estimated to die within one year of diagnosis. This poor prognosis is attributable in part to inadequate early detection methods, with the presence of pancreatic cancer often becoming evident only upon metastasis. Development of non-invasive early detection technologies that permit earlier initiation of treatment might increase the likelihood of patient survival. Our research centered on the task of developing a method for the detection of tumor-derived microparticles (MPs) using a murine orthotopic pancreatic tumor model. MPs are 100nm to 1.5µm membrane blebs released from cells via budding upon cell activation or during apoptosis which then circulate in the bloodstream. Cell-derived MPs retain characteristics, including cell surface antigens, of their parent cells. These antigens serve as cellular “fingerprints” of MP origin. In this way, the presence of cell-specific (e.g. tumor-specific) MPs signals the presence of a tumor, and therefore, serves as a biomarker of disease. The Mia-Paca-2 human pancreatic cell line expresses the cell surface tumor marker MUC-1 and this model has been widely used as a murine xenograft model to evaluate experimental therapeutics. In a novel orthotopic model of tumor growth, 5x106 Mia-Paca-2 cells were injected directly into the pancreas of athymic nude mice, while control mice were sham-injected. Treated and control mice groups of mice were sacrificed every two weeks for 8 weeks, at which points, each pancreas was weighed, tumor weight calculated, and blood drawn. Blood-derived MUC-1 expressing MPs were enriched from a subset of Mia-Paca-2-injected mice representing treatment and compared by flow cytometry with MPs enriched from control mice. Our findings suggested a correlation between tumor size and the concentration of detected MPs in early time-points following injection of tumor cells. This relationship changed with advanced tumor progression, where a significant drop in detectable MPs was observed. These preliminary findings support the contention that measurement of circulating tumor-derived MPs may be used for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. While sensitivity remains to be confirmed and further characterization is needed, this potentially translational method is non-invasive and compatible with multiple, longitudinal measurements. Further work will be needed to elucidate the relationship between MPs generation and tumor growth, and the relationship between MPs and metastatic tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3612. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3612
Massive Pericardial Effusion in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Howard B. Tykot
Journal: JAMA (1963)

MINOR pericardial effusion has been reported to occur in a small percentage of cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis. However, a review of the literature fails to reveal any case of massive pericardial effusion due to subacute bacterial endocarditis alone. It is the purpose of this paper to present such a case.  Report of a Case  A 39-year-old male was admitted to Brooklyn Hospital on May 10, 1962, because of severe left precordial pain and dyspnea. Eight months prior to admission he noticed a painful blood blister in the pad of the right great toe. A similar lesion was subsequently seen in the pad of the right fourth finger 1 month prior to admission, at which time he developed bilateral pedal edema. Two weeks prior to admission he noticed increasing dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. Night sweats began 4 days prior to admission. There was no history of fever or shaking
Variation in chitotriosidase values measured on simultaneous samples by two commercial laboratories
Authors: Sandra Sirrs, Robin Casey, Mary Anne Patterson, Colleen McNeil, Wendy Paquin, Dominick Amato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

To the editor: Chitotriosidase is a useful biomarker in patients with Gaucher disease. There have been several recent publications describing the effects of velaglucerase alfa and comparing these with imiglucerase 1-3, thus expanding the options available to clinicians who considering enzyme replacement therapy for their patients. With recent drug shortages, there have been patients who have switched from products made by one manufacturer to the other and, at the time of the switch, the laboratory providing the chitotriosidase measurement may change. Measurements of chitotriosidase are provided as a service to patients and physicians by laboratories contracted by Genzyme Corporation and Shire Human Genetics Therapies. Both labs cite the same methodology 4 and use substrate provided by the same company (Sigma, St. Louis MO; Enciu C and Marenberg S personal communication May 2013). The upper limit of normal (ULN) in the Shire lab is 78.5 nmol/hr/mL and the ULN in the Genzyme lab is 120 nmol/hr/mL. We sent 40 simultaneous samples on 37 patients for chitotriosidase measurement to labs contracted by both manufacturers. The median ratio (Shire:Genzyme) of absolute chitotriosidase values was 1.6 with a range of 0.5–4.9. The median ratio relative to the ULN for the individual labs (Shire: Genzyme) was 2.5 with a range of 0.8–7.5. Three of the 40 simultaneous samples had lower values relative to ULN in the Shire lab while the other 37 samples were higher in the Shire lab. One patient who provided two sets of simultaneous samples was discordant in that one set of samples was higher in the Shire lab while the other set was higher in the Genzyme lab. Some of the numeric differences were striking (e.g., one simultaneous sample measured 10 006.80 nmol/hr/mL in the (Shire lab and 3,068 nmol/hr/mL in the Genzyme lab). We suggest that clinicians who are switching their laboratory provider for chitotriosidase measurements should send a simultaneous sample to both labs at the time of the switch so they have a baseline in the new lab to follow their patients. Sandra Sirrs1,2 Robin Casey3 Mary Anne Patterson4 Colleen McNeil3 Wendy Paquin1 Dominick Amato4,5 1Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver, British Columbia 2University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta 4Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario 5University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
The tolerability of linezolid in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease
Authors: Kevin L. Winthrop, Jennifer H. Ku, Theodore K. Marras, David E. Griffith, Charles L. Daley, Kenneth N. Olivier, Timothy R. Aksamit, Cara D. Varley, Katherine Mackey, D. Rebecca Prevots
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasingly common and more prevalent than tuberculosis (TB) in many areas of the world [1, 2]. Treatment is challenging due to the multidrug-resistant nature of these organisms, and the need for prolonged multidrug therapy [2–4]. Linezolid can be tolerated long-term in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease <http://ow.ly/FilUm>
In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Human Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Zahi A. Fayad, Tamana Nahar, John T. Fallon, Martin Goldman, J. Gilberto Aguinaldo, Juan J. Badimon, Meir Shinnar, James H. Chesebro, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The structure and composition of aortic atherosclerotic plaques are associated with the risk of future cardiovascular events. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may allow accurate visualization and characterization of aortic plaques. Methods and Results —We developed a noninvasive MR method, free of motion and blood flow artifacts, for submillimeter imaging of the thoracic aortic wall. MR imaging was performed on a clinical MR system in 10 patients with aortic plaques identified by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Plaque composition, extent, and size were assessed from T1-, proton density–, and T2- weighted images. Comparison of 25 matched MR and TEE cross-sectional aortic plaque images showed a strong correlation for plaque composition (χ 2 =43.5, P &lt;0.0001; 80% overall agreement; n=25) and mean maximum plaque thickness ( r =0.88, n=25; 4.56±0.21 mm by MR and 4.62±0.31 mm by TEE). Overall aortic plaque extent as assessed by TEE and MR was also statistically significant (χ 2 =61.77, P &lt;0.0001; 80% overall agreement; n=30 regions). Conclusions —This study demonstrates that noninvasive MR evaluation of the aorta compares well with TEE imaging for the assessment of atherosclerotic plaque thickness, extent, and composition. This MR method may prove useful for the in vivo study of aortic atherosclerosis.
Inhaled long-acting β2 agonists enhance glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and efficacy in sputum macrophages in COPD
Authors: Rubaiyat Haque, Amir Hakim, Thunicia Moodley, Alfonso Torrego, Sarah Essilfie-Quaye, Elen Jazrawi, Malcolm Johnson, Peter J. Barnes, Ian M. Adcock, Omar Sharif Usmani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Finger joint swellings in a teenager: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or a psychiatric disorder?
Authors: B Ostendorf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

In January 2002 a 14 year old Turkish teenager presented to his doctor with a history of 3 months’ swelling of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of both hands. As arthritis was suspected, he was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon. Blood tests, including C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, were normal, conventional radiography of both hands showed only soft tissue swellings of the PIP joints. Under the diagnosis of “juvenile rheumatoid arthritis”, treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was started. As the “polyarthritis” persisted, he was introduced to another orthopaedist. Three phase bone scintigraphy (technetium-99m) disclosed intensive “hot spots” at the PIP joints (phase 2) and at the epiphysial growth plate of the upper and lower extremities (static bone phase).

In July 2003, after three other medical consultations, he was admitted to our department. He denied any other symptoms or complaints besides finger swellings (fig 1), predominantly of PIP 2 and 3 of both hands, …
Transvenous coronary ultrasound imaging. A novel approach to visualization of the coronary arteries.
Authors: K Sudhir, P J Fitzgerald, J S MacGregor, T DeMarco, T A Ports, K Chatterjee, P G Yock
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Catheter-based ultrasound is a new imaging modality to examine endovascular detail in the coronary circulation. This technique requires direct placement of the catheter in the arterial segment of interest. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the feasibility of a less invasive approach by imaging the coronary arterial circulation by using a 5F (30 MHz) imaging catheter placed in the cardiac venous system. Using simultaneous fluoroscopy, we studied anesthetized closed-chest dogs (n = 6) and human subjects undergoing right heart catheterization (n = 11). After cannulation of the coronary sinus, the circumflex coronary artery (Cx) was visualized from the great cardiac vein (GCV), and on advancing the catheter into the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was identified. Where artery and vein were parallel to each other, circular cross-sectional images of the coronary artery were obtained, whereas oblique and transverse orientation of artery to vein produced ellipsoid images or long-axis images. In the dogs, ultrasound-determined cross-sectional area of the coronary arteries (4.81 +/- 0.18 mm2) correlated closely with angiography (4.77 +/- 0.21 mm2) (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001). In humans, the Cx was readily visualized from the GCV in all subjects but because of anatomic variability, the LAD was seen less consistently from the AIV (73%). There was significant correlation between ultrasound-determined cross-sectional areas of the coronary arteries (8.25 +/- 0.34 mm2) with those from angiography (8.59 +/- 0.3 mm2) (r = 0.82, p = 0.001) in humans. In all subjects, the ultrasound transducer could be safely advanced into the AIV to the cardiac apex. Limitations of the technique include ultrasonic penetration problems, caused in part by the large size of human coronary veins and variability in artery-vein relations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that transvenous imaging of coronary arteries with intravascular ultrasound is a less invasive, promising new approach to the study of structure and morphology in the coronary vasculature.
The extent of clonal structure in different lymphoid organs.
Authors: M H Hermans, A Wubbena, F G Kroese, S V Hunt, R Cowan, D Opstelten
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

To gain insight into the clonal organization of lymphoid organs, we studied the distribution in situ of donor-derived cells in near-physiological chimeras. We introduced RT7b fetal liver cells into nonirradiated congenic RT7a neonatal rats. The chimerism 6-20 wk after injection ranged from 0.3 to 20%. The numbers of cell clones simultaneously contributing to cell generation in a particular histological feature were deduced from the variance in donor cell distribution. In bone marrow and thymus, donor-derived lymphoid cells were found scattered among host cells, indicating a high mobility of cells. In bone marrow, donor cells were evenly distributed over the entire marrow, even at low chimerism. This indicates that leukopoiesis is maintained by the proliferation of many clones. In the thymus, the various lobules showed different quantities of donor-derived lymphoid cells. Mathematical analysis of these differences indicated that 17-18 cell division cycles occur in the cortex. In spleen, the distribution of donor-derived cells over the germinal centers indicated that 5 d after antigenic stimulation, germinal centers develop oligoclonally. The main conclusions of this work are that (a) bone marrow and thymus are highly polyclonal; (b) 17-18 divisions occur between prothymocyte and mature T cell; and (c) lymphoid cells disperse rapidly while proliferating and differentiating.
Doctors who write guidelines often have ties to the drug industry
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

About a third of authors who write practice guidelines in the United States have ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a survey by the journal Nature has discovered (2005;437: 1070-1). About 70% of writing panels were affected.

Nature 's journalists surveyed 215 guidelines deposited with the US National Guideline Clearinghouse in 2004. All 215 guidelines concerned drugs. But only 90 contained details of the authors' conflicts of interest, and, of these, only 31 guidelines …
Giant Polyposis Ulcerative Colitis Imitating Colonic Carcinoma: Two Cases
Authors: M. A. Al Karawi, M. H. Gali, A. R. Mohamed, A. Haleem
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

See also: Polypectomy in Giant Inflammatory PseudopolyposisEndoscopy 1996; 28(04): 409-409DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005501
Baby milk companies accused of breaching code
Authors: C M A Campbell, A. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prescribing antidepressants in general practiceWhat is an effective dose?Editor-What should be the advised dosage of a tricyclic antidepressant for major depression?In his editorial Tony Kendrick quotes a recommended dose of a typical tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, as 125 mg daily. 1 This dosage is at the higher end of the range of dosages quoted for all tricyclic antidepressants in the British National Formulary.If followed it would have major implications for the prescribing habits of general practitioners.The recommended dosage for amitriptyline for major depression is quoted from a consensus statement published in the BMJ in 1992. 2 The source of this recommendation is a double blind placebo controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice. 3 In this trial patients given the active drug received amitriptyline 75 mg daily by the end of the first week, amitriptyline 100 mg during the second week, and amitriptyline 125-175 mg, depending on improvement, during the remaining four weeks of the study.The median dose of amitriptyline given over the six week study period was 125 mg.It is the median tolerated dose.Figure 1 in the paper by Hollyman et al clearly shows a response to treatment in the first two weeks, when the lower dose of amitriptyline was given. 3 Kendrick discusses the results of several investigations into the effectiveness of antidepressants at different dosages.Similar investigations have been used to develop the dose range of every prescribable antidepressantfor example, Kerihuel and Dreyfus reviewed 34 randomised clinical trials of lofepramine. 4 In the papers reviewed the concentration of lofepramine giving a clinical response ranged from 105 mg to 210 mg, which is equivalent to 75-150 mg amitriptyline.The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is also valid.It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23 381 prescriptions shows that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients taking fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline. 5
Cellular and molecular basis of wound healing in diabetes
Authors: Harold Brem, Marjana Tomic-Canic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a leading cause of amputations, affect 15% of people with diabetes. A series of multiple mechanisms, including decreased cell and growth factor response, lead to diminished peripheral blood flow and decreased local angiogenesis, all of which can contribute to lack of healing in persons with DFUs. In this issue of the JCI, Gallagher and colleagues demonstrate that in diabetic mice, hyperoxia enhances the mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation (see the related article beginning on page 1249). Local injection of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha then recruits these EPCs to the cutaneous wound site, resulting in accelerated wound healing. Thus, Gallagher et al. have identified novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention in diabetic wound healing.
SUB-COMA INSULIN AND PENTOTHAL SODIUM AS AIDS TO PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: H. G. STRATTON, G. E. HOBBS, H. B. CARSCALLEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. The technique of combined sub-coma insulin and pentothal narcosis in the treatment of 60 consecutive cases of prolonged anxiety was explained and the results analyzed. 2. Especially encouraging results have been obtained where the anxiety reaction has been superimposed upon a previously stable personality. 3. Although the superficial anxiety is usually all alleviated, if there have been longstanding emotional conflicts, more prolonged psychotherapy is usually necessary to influence them seriously. 4. Sub-coma insulin and pentothal should be looked upon as primarily supportive measures, but definitely serve to promote relaxation and to make the patient more receptive to psychotherapy. 5. It is felt that this form of treatment is practical in cases of prolonged anxiety reaction in civilian practice and is especially applicable to the treatment of this type of case on the wards of a general hospital.
A CLINICAL NOTE ON BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SURFACE REFRIGERATION FOR CONTROLLING HIGH TEMPERATURE.
Authors: L. S. MCMURTRY
Journal: JAMA (1884)

No pathological process is of more vital interest than that of fever, and no question in therapeutics has of late years elicited more discussion than the application of cold water to the surface of the body for the reduction of high temperature. Whatever may be the mechanism of fever from a physiological stand-point, it is a well-established clinical fact that very high temperature long continued is a most potent factor in the fatality of acute diseases. Although wholly a consequence of the pathological processes going on in the system, it is of itself a powerful menace to life. While quinine, salicylate of soda, and digitalis have been employed for their antipyretic influence, we can assume that the most powerful agent in this respect is the cold bath. The attention which this subject of necessity claims in every department of medical practice will render the observations here recorded of interest, and,
US needs "5000 extra doctors a year for next decade"
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Association of American Medical Colleges has said that it needs to train 5000 extra doctors a year to meet the effects of the US health reforms.

The association’s chief advocacy officer, Atul Grover, said, “We currently train about 25 000 doctors a year and will need another 5000 or so per year if we are going to meet the needs of the next decade.” The health reforms, passed by Congress last month, will bring an additional 16 million people onto health insurance coverage or the Medicaid scheme.

Dr Grover said, “The doubling of the population over age 65 means …
Thrombocytic Acroangiothrombosis
Authors: HALL S. TACKET, RUSSELL S. JONES
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Two additional cases of a syndrome characterized by arthralgia, fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic manifestations, and thromboses of arterioles and capillaries are presented. Pathologic description is given in some detail. Resemblances to certain other processes, including the rickettsial diseases, "vascular collagen" diseases and other conditions are pointed out. Deficiencies in knowledge of the entity are emphasized and a plea is made for continued efforts to define precisely the natural history of the syndrome.
C/EBPα is required for development of dendritic cell progenitors
Authors: Robert S. Welner, Deepak Bararia, Giovanni Amabile, Akos Czibere, Touati Benoukraf, Christian Bach, K. Disnika Senali Abayratna Wansa, Min Ye, Hong Zhang, Tadafumi Iino, Christopher J. Hetherington, Koichi Akashi, Daniel G. Tenen
Journal: Blood (2013)
PHYSICAL FINDINGS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Karl M. Bowman, Alice F. Raymond
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1929)

A statistical study at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital of certain physical and historical data in 1196 cases of schizophrenia, with 836 cases of manic-depressive insanity and 412 cases of general paresis as controls, shows the following results: See image in the PDF file The physical findings in schizophrenia are essentially the same as in manic-depressive insanity, whereas the findings in both differ significantly in many respects from those found in general paresis. Leucocytosis is a frequent finding in schizophrenia but is equally common in manic-depressive insanity and general paresis. Alcoholism is infrequent in schizophrenic and affective disorders but is more common in general paresis. Pregnancies, births and living children are fewer among cases of schizophrenia. This appears to be because fewer cases of schizophrenia marry. One reason that fewer marry may be because schizophrenia comes on slightly earlier in life. A study of the number of pregnancies among those who do marry shows that there are as many pregnancies for the schizophrenic group as for the other two groups.