tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cataract Surgery in Leprosy Patients
Authors: T J Ffytche
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

Blind patients from three leprosy centres in South Korea were examined and 44 underwent cataract surgery. The ocular findings in these cases are recorded and the surgical techniques adopted are described. The early visual results demonstrate that the majority of these unfortunate individuals can be benefited by this simple form of cataract surgery, especially as avoidance of the late crippling complications of leprosy depend to a large extent on the patient's own visual surveillance of the anaesthetic areas of the body.
Differences Between Primary vs Secondary Prevention Trials Regarding the Stroke Protective Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs—Reply
Authors: Olaf H. Klungel, Hubert G. M. Leufkens, Anthonius de Boer, W. T. Longstreth, Robert C. Kaplan, Nicholas L. Smith, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2001)
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Heart Failure, and Mortality
Authors: Paul Muntner, Jeff Whittle, Amy I. Lynch, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Lara M. Simpson, Paula T. Einhorn, Emily B. Levitan, Paul K. Whelton, William C. Cushman, Gail T. Louis, Barry R. Davis, Suzanne Oparil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a patient's underlying BP.To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality outcomes.Prospective cohort study.Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial).25 814 ALLHAT participants.The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. Participants without CVD events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) or nonfatal myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, stroke, and heart failure.During follow-up, 1194 fatal CHD or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 strokes, and 921 heart failure events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (≥14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal CHD or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for stroke, and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for heart failure. Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with CVD events and mortality.Long-term outcomes were not available.Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for CVD and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk.National Institutes of Health.
High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma.
Authors: D Lienard, P Ewalenko, J J Delmotte, N Renard, F J Lejeune
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE To determine the toxicity and the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of the recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha), recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma), and melphalan, we designed a protocol using isolation limb perfusion (ILP) with hyperthermia for in-transit metastases of melanoma and recurrent sarcoma. The triple combination was chosen because of the reported synergistic antitumor effect of rTNF alpha with IFN-gamma and of rTNF alpha with alkylating agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients received a total of 25 ILPs with the triple combination. There were 19 females and four males with either multiple progressive in-transit melanoma metastases of the extremities (stage IIIa or IIIab; 19 patients) or recurrent soft tissue sarcoma (five). The rTNF alpha was injected as a bolus in the arterial line, and total dose ranged between 2 and 4 mg, under hyperthermic conditions (40 degrees C to 40.5 degrees C) for 90 minutes. The rIFN-gamma was given subcutaneously (SC) on days -2 and -1 and in the perfusate, with rTNF alpha at the dose of 0.2 mg. Melphalan (Alkeran; Burroughs Wellcome Co, London, England) was administered in the perfusate at 40 micrograms/mL. RESULTS Toxicity observed during three ILPs in a pilot study with rTNF alpha included only two severe toxicities: one severe hypotension with tachycardia and transient oliguria and one moderate hypotension for 4 hours followed by severe kidney failure with complete recovery on day 29. In all 18 ILPs performed in the triple combination protocol, the patients received continuous infusion dopamine at 3 micrograms/kg/min from the start of ILP and for 72 hours and showed only mild hypotension and transient chills and temperature. Regional toxicity attributable to rTNF alpha was minimal. There have been 11 cases with hematologic toxicity consisting of neutropenia (one grade 4 and one grade 3) and neutropenia with thrombocytopenia (one grade 4 and three grade 2). Twelve patients had been previously treated with melphalan in ILP (11) or with cisplatin (one). The 23 patients are assessable: there have been 21 complete responses (CRs; range, 4 to 29 months; 89%), two partial responses (PRs; range, 2 to 3 months), and no failures. Overall disease-free survival and survival have been 70% and 76%, respectively, at 12 months. In all cases, softening of the nodules was obvious within 3 days after ILP and time to definite response ranged between day 5 and 30. CONCLUSION This preliminary analysis of a phase II study suggests that high-dose rTNF alpha can be administered with acceptable toxicity by ILP with dopamine and hyperhydration. Tumor responses can be evidenced in melanoma and sarcoma. Furthermore, combination of rTNF alpha, rIFN-gamma, and melphalan seems to achieve high efficacy with minimal toxicity, even after failure of prior therapy with melphalan alone.
The role of sunlight exposure in determining the vitamin D status of the U.K. white adult population
Authors: A.R. Webb, R. Kift, M.T. Durkin, S.J. O’Brien, A. Vail, J.L. Berry, L.E. Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Vitamin D is necessary for bone health and is potentially protective against a range of malignancies. Opinions are divided on whether the proposed optimal circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level (≥ 32 ng mL−1) is an appropriate and feasible target at population level. Objectives We examined whether personal sunlight exposure levels can provide vitamin D sufficient (≥ 20 ng mL−1) and optimal status in the U.K. public. Methods This prospective cohort study measured circulating 25(OH)D monthly for 12 months in 125 white adults aged 20–60 years in Greater Manchester. Dietary vitamin D and personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure were assessed over 1–2 weeks in each season. The primary analysis determined the post‐summer peak 25(OH)D required to maintain sufficiency in wintertime. Results Dietary vitamin D remained low in all seasons (median 3·27 μg daily, range 2·76–4·15) while personal UVR exposure levels were high in spring and summer, low in autumn and negligible in winter. Mean 25(OH)D levels were highest in September [28·4 ng mL−1; 28% optimal, zero deficient (<5 ng mL−1)], and lowest in February (18·3 ng mL−1; 7% optimal, 5% deficient). A February 25(OH)D level of 20 ng mL−1 was achieved following a mean (95% confidence interval) late summer level of 30·4 (25·6–35·2) and 34·9 (27·9–41·9) ng mL−1 in women and men, respectively, with 62% of variance explained by gender and September levels. Conclusions Late summer 25(OH)D levels approximating the optimal range are required to retain sufficiency throughout the U.K. winter. Currently the majority of the population fails to reach this post‐summer level and becomes vitamin D insufficient during the winter.
Drug combinations in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study.
Authors: F J Panettiere, C Haas, B McDonald, J J Costanzi, R W Talley, J Athens, N Oishi, L K Heilbrun, T T Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The FAM combination with the simultaneous administration of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C is considered standard chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma. This study was initiated to determine whether a kinetically designed sequential administration of these three drugs would be superior and whether the presence or absence of easily measurable tumor would imply differences in survival. To do so, the Southwest Oncology Group tested two schedules in a randomized study of 239 patients. Independent judgments of response were made by two authors with the same results. Equivalent response rates (23% of all eligible sequential and 30% simultaneous) and median survival durations (22 and 23 weeks, respectively) were seen. Patients with and without readily measurable tumors each lived a median of 22 weeks. Higher degrees of hematologic toxicity were associated with prolonged survival (median 27 weeks versus 20 weeks, p = 0.04). Patients treated by community oncologists were described as having higher response rates than those treated in major medical centers (64% versus 31%, p = 0.03). The meaning of this is questionable in that there were no statistical differences in survival or toxicity. Those with prior exposure to 5-fluorouracil had only a tendency, without statistical significance, for a slightly inferior response and survival.
Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in 46 families with multiple incidences of autism
Authors: E R Ritvo, M A Spence, B J Freeman, A Mason-Brothers, A Mo, M L Marazita
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors ascertained 46 families with multiple incidences of autism (41 with two and five with three autistic probands). Classical segregation analyses revealed a maximum likelihood estimate of the segregation ratio of p = 0.19 +/- 0.07. This is not significantly less than 0.25, the expected value for autosomal recessive inheritance. However, it is significantly less than 0.50, the expected value for autosomal dominant inheritance. The polygenic threshold model was tested and rejected over a full range of values of heritability and ascertainment probability for these families. These results are most consistent with the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance in this subset of 46 families with multiple incidences of autism.
Abstract 13531: Efficacy of Adaptive Servo Ventilation on the One-Year Prognosis in Patient with Heart Failure
Authors: Noriaki Takama, Yosuke Honda, Yuji Asami, Atsushi Umeyama, Hirokazu Sano, Takahiro Yamagishi, Hiromi Eguma, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: The Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure (CANPAP) study did not affect survival in patients who have central sleep apne...
Quantitative Comparison of Formed in Rat and Mouse Covalent Aflatoxin-DNA Livers and Kidneys&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert G. Croy, Gerald N. Wogan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The covalent interactions between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and DNA were investigated in the inbred F344 rat and noninbred CD -1 Swiss mouse. A good correlation was found between the level of covalent modification of DNA, species sensitivity, and organ specificity, to the toxic effects of AFB1. The patterns of AFB1 acid hydrolysis products from DNA isolated from the livers and kidneys of both species were examined. The principal acid hydrolysis product in all cases was identified as 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-(N7-guanyl)AFB1. Minor products consisted of adducts formed by the chemical transformation of the AFB1-N7-substituted guanine moiety forming putative formamidopyrimidine derivatives and the activation of AFB1 metabolites, which also modified the N-7 guanine atom. These last-mentioned products were present in greater amounts in resistant tissues. In vitro studies on the activation of AFB1 by microsomal fractions of mouse and rat livers found that mouse liver microsomes were rapidly inactivated.
Effect of salbutamol on the growth, virulence and biofilm formation of pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Priti Kenia, Primrose Freestone, Christopher O'Callaghan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Beta-2-agonists, like salbutamol are commonly used in patients with lung disease such as cystic fibrosis where chronic infection is common. Recently salbutamol was shown to have an effect on host defence in a murine model, impairing clearance of Haemophilus influenzae from the respiratory tract [1]. To determine if salbutamol affected bacterial virulence, we investigated the effect salbutamol had on the growth and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).

Aim: To determine if salbutamol affects the growth, virulence and biofilm production of PA.

Methods: Clinical isolates of PA were used for experiments with and without addition of salbutamol at a range of concentrations between 0.375-100 microgram/millilitre [2]. Viable colony counts and growth curve were performed to determine bacterial growth. Biofilm formation was studied using attachment crystal violet assay, light and advanced microscopy and electron microscopy using 1 cm2 endotracheal tube pieces.

Results: There was no difference in the growth of PA in the presence of salbutamol. However, even at low concentrations of salbutamol (1 mcg/ml) there was a significant increase in bacterial clumping on light microscopy and increased biofilm formation on endotracheal tube sections on electron microscopy.

Conclusions: Salbutamol appears to increase biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This data does not imply that the use of beta-2-agonist be discouraged, but suggests that a potential role in the virulence of PA must be investigated.

References: 

*   1. Maris et al. Respiratory Research 2006, 7:57

*   2. Atabai et al. Intensive Care Medicine 2002, 28:705–11
Genetic and environmental contributions to dimensions of personality disorder
Authors: W J Livesley, K L Jang, D N Jackson, P A Vernon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors estimated the heritability of the basic dimensions of personality disorder and the relative proportions of the variance attributable to genetic and environmental sources.The subjects were 175 volunteer twin pairs (90 monozygotic and 85 dizygotic) from the general population. Each twin completed the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, a questionnaire that assesses 18 dimensions of personality disorder. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of factor analytic studies that identified a stable structure underlying personality disorders in clinical and nonclinical subjects. Structural equation model-fitting methods were used to estimate the influence of additive genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental effects.The estimates of broad heritability ranged from 0%, for conduct problems, to 64%, for narcissism. Behaviors associated with submissiveness and attachment problems had low heritability. For most dimensions, the best-fitting model was one that specified additive genetic and unique environmental effects.These results are similar to those reported for normal personality and suggest a continuity between normal and disordered personality.
Relation between fractional exhaled NO and lung function and exposure to ambient particulate matter from contrasting sources
Authors: Maciej Strak, Maaike Steenhof, Krystal Godri, Ilse Gosens, Flemming Cassee, Ian Mudway, Frank Kelly, Roy Harrison, Erik Lebret, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Nicole Janssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Epidemiological studies demonstrated the adverse health effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) but it is not clear which specific characteristics (size, components) or sources of PM are responsible for the observed effects.

The aim of RAPTES project is to establish which specific characteristics of ambient PM are responsible for health effects associated with PM. To address this we combined exposure of volunteers with real-world exposure conditions at sites with high contrast and low correlation between PM characteristics.

30 young, healthy volunteers were exposed multiple times at different sites in Netherlands: two traffic sites, underground train station, farm and an urban background site. Exposure of volunteers and air pollution characterization took place on 30 days and included PM10, PM2.5, particle number concentration (PNC; ultrafines) and total oxidative potential of PM among the measurements. Volunteers were exposed for 5 hours and FENO (marker of airway inflammation), FEV1 and FVC were measured at different timepoints.

Exposure to PNC was associated with volunteers' FENO - immediately and 2 hours after exposure we observed an 11.6% increase over baseline, and 7.4% increase the next morning. PNC was also associated with an about 1% decrease in FEV1 and FVC at almost all measured timepoints.

PM10, PM2.5 and total oxidative potential were not associated with changes in FENO or lung function parameters.

An increase in FENO and decrease in lung function were observed in young, healthy volunteers after five-hour exposure to ambient air pollution, specifically associated with high concentrations of ultrafines and not with other major PM characteristics.
Tenascin-X deficiency and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: M. O’Connell, N.P. Burrows, M.J.J. Van Vlijmen-Willems, S.M. Clark, J. Schalkwijk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Tenascin-X is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is widely distributed within connective tissues and is associated with an autosomal recessive type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Tenascin-X represents the first EDS susceptibility gene that does not code for a fibrillar collagen or collagen-processing enzyme. We describe a paediatric case of tenascin-X deficiency and review the literature.
Problems with the penis and prepuce in children
Authors: E. T. Jorgensen, A. Svensson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Janet Lock and Dawn Gallagher are surprised that we mentioned the use of cardioselective P blockers.We did not wish to imply that patients with clear cut active asthma would be given ( blockers but rather wished to point out that many patients with little or no disease at all could be considered for treatment.Many patients are labelled as having asthma but do not in fact have the condition, and we considered our audience to be sufficiently sophisticated to take our point.With regard to methysergide, we mentioned ret- roperitoneal fibrosis to highlight a reasonably well appreciated clinical problem.With regard to
Gross and Microscopic Changes in the Lymphoreticular System During Genesis of Malignant Lymphoma Induced by a Single Injection of Methylnitrosourea in Adult Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Vijay V. Joshi, Jaroslav V. Frei
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The weights and histological changes in the thymus and spleen, histological changes in the mesenteric lymph node, and total and differential white blood cell counts were determined at various intervals after treatment with a single lymphoma-inducing dose of methylnitrosourea (MNUA). The changes observed could be divided into 3 stages, viz., cell depletion, regeneration, and neoplasia. Although the thymus was the site of origin of malignant lymphomas, the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes were also affected during the genesis of malignant lymphoma. The evolution of the neoplastic changes in the thymus was described in detail, and at least in some instances, malignant lymphoma involving the thymus arose by confluence of more than one focus of neoplasia. The evidence suggested that the involvement of other lymphoid organs occurred by metastasis from the thymic lymphoma. Most malignant lymphomas were lymphoblastic and many had a starry-sky pattern due to the presence of large periodic acid-Schiff-positive cells, around which the tumor cells showed mitotic activity. Lymphoid follicles formed in the medulla of the thymus during the genesis of malignant lymphoma. The possibilities that a virus may be implicated in the genesis of MNUA-induced lymphoma and that immunological reactions may be part of the development are discussed.
Observations on the Occurrence off Hepatomas in Rainbow Trout
Authors: W. C. Hueper, W. W. Payne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Journal Article Observations on the Occurrence off Hepatomas in Rainbow Trout Get access W. C. Hueper, W. C. Hueper Environmental Cancer Section, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. W. Payne W. W. Payne Environmental Cancer Section, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 5, November 1961, Pages 1123–1143, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/27.5.1123 Published: 01 November 1961 Article history Received: 13 June 1961 Published: 01 November 1961
Distribution of a COPD population based on the GOLD assessment framework
Authors: G. Nadeau, P.W. Jones, L. Adamek, M. Small
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background   GOLD 2011 proposed a new COPD assessment framework based on: 1.Risk of future adverse health events, using FEV 1  10 or mMRC ≥2.   Methods   Data from 1041 EU COPD patients (38.5% from primary care) in the 2011 Adelphi Disease Specific Programme were used providing CAT and mMRC scores, spirometry and the previous year9s exacerbation history.   Results   One third (32.9%) of all patients had ≥2 exacerbations in the previous year; 79.5% had an FEV 1 ≥50%; almost all (97.7%) were on maintenance treatment. The correlation between CAT and mMRC scores was moderate (r=0.55). Within each mMRC Grade, there was a wide distribution of CAT scores. The mMRC categorised more patients as having low symptoms (51.2%) than the CAT (10.0%). The mMRC categorised 13.4% of patients as having low symptoms and high risk (FEV 1  2 exacerbations in the preceding year). The CAT categorised only 0.7% of patients with this paradoxical picture.   Conclusion   There was a modest concordance between CAT and mMRC. The mMRC cutpoint score of ≥2 (“I have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level”) for high symptoms appears to classify too many patients as having low symptoms. Use of MRC Grade ≥1 as the cut point should be explored.
Natural Bevacizumab Resistance is Associated with Hypoxia Tolerance and Prolonged Activation of Autocrine Vegf Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Can Be Overcome By Nintedanib, a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor
Authors: P. Mesange, V. Poindessous, M. Sabbah, A.E. Escargueil, A. De Gramont, A.K. Larsen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)