tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for early mortality in lung cancer
Authors: Marta Inchausti, Estibaliz Pérez, Larraitz García, Pedro Ansola, Lorea Martinez, Amaia Sagarba, Maria Alfonso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

AIM: To analyze risk factors for mortality due to lung cancer before 1st and 3rd month after diagnosis.

METHODS: Revision of all the patients with lung cancer diagnosis in 2 years. Analysis of:demographic variables,smoking status,hitologycal subtipe,staging,ECOG,blood analysis,treatments,cause of death.Univariant and multivariant analysis (Cox regression).

RESULTS: 270 cases, characteristics shown in table 1.In table 2, multivariant analysis.AUC of 0,952 in the 1st month, 0,874 for the 3rd. Among 41 patients who died during the 1st month, 9 (22%) recieved palliative treatment (6 Radiotherapy [RT], 3 Chemotherapy [QT]). As death causes: infectious complications in 8 cases (3 QT), respiratory insufficiency 16 cases, rest: tumoral progression and general worsening.

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CONCLUSIONS: High percentage of patients die before the 1st month (15%) and 3rd month (29%) after diagnosis. ECOG >2 points,the most impacting factor for early mortality.Other factors: IV TNM stage, low haemoglobin, adenocarcinoma or small-cell histological subtipe (1st month mortality) and a high CA125 level (3rd month mortality).Respiratory insuffiency and infectious complications, the most frecuent death causes apart from tumoral progression.

 [1]: pending:yes
Plasma Cell Infiltrate of the Primary Tumor as a Source of Early Systemic Protection Against Metastases in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J Vaage, K G Pepin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Histologic examination of sc implants of the syngeneic C3H/He mammary carcinoma MC2 showed that the accumulation of a large number of lymphoid cells in the stroma around the implants in C3H/He mice was a constant feature of the early primary host response. This stromal reaction had two main components, the first composed of small lymphocytes and the second composed of larger blast cells with a high proportion of plasma cells. The surgical removal of a 6-day-old tumor implant with its surrounding stromal reaction, if performed 4 days before systemic dissemination of MC2 cells via injection into the left ventricle, resulted in a more frequent growth of the disseminated cells as compared to the frequency of growth in mice carrying their tumor implants. This increased frequency of growth in surgically cured mice could be reduced by repeated transfusions of plasma from MC2-bearing hosts. Repeated ip injections of antigen, in the form of 2 X 10(5) inactivated tumor cells after tumor excision, did not support the development of strong systemic resistance against metastases. When sublethal whole-body radiation was given before the sc tumor implant, the stromal reaction was much reduced, and the surgical removal of sc tumor implants from irradiated mice resulted in only a minor increase in the growth of tumor cells injected into the circulation compared to the growth of tumor cells injected into irradiated mice carrying their tumor implants. It appears that a strong, local primary immune reaction may act as a temporary accessory lymphoid organ, constituting an early and potent source of systemic immune protective factors.
Four year nutritional follow up after living related small bowel transplantation between monozygotic twins
Authors: L Genton
Journal: Gut (2003)

While small bowel transplantation (SBTX) may allow parenteral nutrition independence in the case of short bowel syndrome, its effects on body composition and growth are unclear. For the first time, a paediatric living related SBTX was performed between monozygotic twins. This case report describes their four year nutritional follow up. The 13 year old recipient and his healthy brother underwent measurements of body composition by 50 kHz bioimpedance analysis and bone mineral density of the femoral neck and total femur by dual energy <i>x</i> ray absorptiometry. Xylose tests and measurements of faecal fat evaluated gut absorption. All tests were performed before and after SBTX. Body weight increased from 34.7 to 51.9 kg in the recipient and from 45.0 to 53.2 kg in the donor within four years. The recipient caught up with the height and fat free mass of his brother within two years. Fat mass, and total femur and femoral neck densities are still lower in the recipient than in the donor four years after SBTX (−1.2 kg, −0.087 g/cm<sup>2</sup>, −0.035 g/cm<sup>2</sup>). The xylose test of the recipient was still abnormally low after four years (1.37 mmol/l) and faecal fat was high until two years after SBTX (March 2001: 12 g/24 h). The donor always showed normal xylose tests and faecal fat, except for one episode of high faecal fatty acids about 10 months after SBTX. SBTX improved the nutritional state and growth of the graft recipient although body composition, femoral bone mineral densities, and intestinal absorption had not completely normalised after four years.
Inhaled tobramycin for the prevention of airway stenosis after lung transplantation: A pilot study
Authors: Lonny Yarmus, Ashish Shah, Christian Merlo, Jon Orens, David Feller-Kopman, John McDyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  Airway stenosis post lung transplantation (LT) continues to be a significant problem with anastamotic strictures occurring in up to 40% of cases. Despite this data, there is a gap in the literature pertaining to preventative therapies. In this pilot study we examined if inhaled Tobramycin (TOBI) in the postoperative period will decrease the incidence of post transplant airway stenosis.   Methods and materials:  All LT performed between 9/05 and 5/10 at The Johns Hopkins Hospital by a single surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. Using this cohort, patients with and without airway complications were matched for age, gender, diagnosis lead to transplant and use of inhaled TOBI in the immediate post operative period. Patients in the treatment arm received TOBI (2×80mg) for the first 7 days post transplant.   Results:  98 patients underwent LT (86 bilateral, 7 left, 5 right). TOBI was administered to 22 (22.4%) Of the 98 patients, 35 (35.7%) developed airway stenosis at a median of 16 weeks (range 1 to 164 weeks following surgery).  Of the 22 patients who received inhaled TOBI, 31.8% developed airway complications, 68% of the patients in this cohort who did not receive TOBI developed airway stenosis (p=0.034).   Conclusions:  The use of TOBI appears to show a decrease in the development of post operative stenosis in this cohort. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to determine the full efficacy of this therapy.
Diet and Breast Cancer Risk Reduction
Authors: Eleni Linos, Walter C. Willett
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

The association between diet and breast cancer risk has been investigated extensively and has led to some recommendations for prevention. Research suggests that maintaining a healthy weight may reduce the risk for breast cancer after menopause. Additionally, alcohol increases the risk for breast cancer even at moderate levels of intake, and women who drink alcohol also should take sufficient folate, which can mitigate this excess risk. Interesting questions for future research include the role of soy products, red meat, energy balance, and vitamin D, with particular attention to timing of exposure in early life. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and dietary factors may differentially affect certain breast cancer subtypes; future studies should therefore attempt to characterize associations according to tumor characteristics.
Point-of-care ultrasound in intensive care units: assessment of 1073 procedures in a multicentric, prospective, observational study
Authors: Laurent Zieleskiewicz, Laurent Muller, Karim Lakhal, Zoe Meresse, Charlotte Arbelot, Pierre-Marie Bertrand, Belaid Bouhemad, Bernard Cholley, Didier Demory, Serge Duperret, Jacques Duranteau, Christophe Guervilly, Emmanuelle Hammad, Carole Ichai, Samir Jaber, Olivier Langeron, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Yazine Mahjoub, Eric Maury, Eric Meaudre, Fabrice Michel, Michel Muller, Cyril Nafati, Sébastien Perbet, Hervé Quintard, Béatrice Riu, Coralie Vigne, Kathia Chaumoitre, François Antonini, Bernard Allaouchiche, Claude Martin, Jean-Michel Constantin, Daniel De Backer, Marc Leone
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Researchers Optimistic About Sea Change in Cancer Treatment
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

SAN FRANCISCO—Successful trials of a drug designed to counter the deadly genetic glitches responsible for two forms of cancer portend a coming wave of novel therapies that will transform the way cancer is treated, said researchers gathered here for the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The new therapies, the result of decades of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular biology of cancer, herald “the beginning of a sea change in how we practice cancer medicine,” said ASCO President Larry Norton, MD, of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York. Such molecularly targeted therapies are expected to be the pharmaceutical equivalent of a smart bomb, homing in on a defined target and inflicting far less of the collateral damage to noncancerous cells than results from conventional chemotherapy and radiation. But because many malignancies may be caused by an accumulation of gene mutations, and cancer cells often develop resistance to anticancer drugs, some experts predict that few, if any, of the new drugs ultimately will be used as a single agent. Rather, an anticancer cocktail of several drugs, each of which targets a gene involved in a patient’s cancer, may prove to be a relatively nontoxic way of keeping the disease in check, suggested John Mendelsohn, MD, president of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. A new oral drug, imatinib mesylate (formerly called STI-571), has proven so effective in clinical trials involving patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) that the US Food and Drug Administration approved it last month in record time. Now, in two studies presented at the ASCO meeting, American and European researchers have revealed that the drug (known by the trade names Gleevec [in the United States] and Glivec [in Europe]) also shows remarkable promise against a type of solid tumor, the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
Obstructive sleep apnoea during REM sleep and incident non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure: a longitudinal analysis of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort
Authors: Babak Mokhlesi, Erika W Hagen, Laurel A Finn, Khin Mae Hla, Jason R Carter, Paul E Peppard
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with incident non-dipping. However, the relationship between disordered breathing during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and the risk of developing non-dipping has not been examined. This study investigates whether OSA during REM sleep is associated with incident non-dipping. <h3>Methods</h3> Our sample included 269 adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study who completed two or more 24 h ambulatory BP studies over an average of 6.6 years of follow-up. After excluding participants with prevalent non-dipping BP or antihypertensive use at baseline, there were 199 and 215 participants available for longitudinal analysis of systolic and diastolic non-dipping, respectively. OSA in REM and non-REM sleep were defined by apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) from baseline in-laboratory polysomnograms. Systolic and diastolic non-dipping were defined by systolic and diastolic sleep/wake BP ratios &gt;0.9. Modified Poisson regression models estimated the relative risks for the relationship between REM AHI and incident non-dipping, adjusting for non-REM AHI and other covariates. <h3>Results</h3> There was a dose–response greater risk of developing systolic and diastolic non-dipping BP with greater severity of OSA in REM sleep (p-trend=0.021 for systolic and 0.024 for diastolic non-dipping). Relative to those with REM AHI&lt;1 event/h, those with REM AHI≥15 had higher relative risk of incident systolic non-dipping (2.84, 95% CI 1.10 to 7.29) and incident diastolic non-dipping (4.27, 95% CI 1.20 to 15.13). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings indicate that in a population-based sample, REM OSA is independently associated with incident non-dipping of BP.
Glucose Memory of Pancreatic B and A2 Cells
Authors: Valdemar Grill, Ulf Adamson, Margareta Rundfeldt, Sten Andersson, Erol Cerasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The influence of previous exposure to glucose on the subsequent B- and A2-cell secretory responses to arginine was investigated in the perfused pancreas of the rat. Arginine (8 mM) was administered in two brief (9 min) pulses separated by a period of 66 min. In pancreata from 18-h-fasted animals the two pulses of arginine elicited biphasic glucagon secretory responses, while stimulation of insulin release was barely detectable. When 27.7 mM glucose was administered for 30 min during the intervening period up to 20 min before the second pulse of arginine, the glucagon response to arginine was diminished by 55% while the insulin release was markedly increased in comparison with the first pulse. 8.3 mM glucose, when administered before the second pulse of arginine, exerted effects that were smaller but otherwise similar to those of 27.7 mM glucose.
Reduction in central nervous system leukemia with a pharmacokinetically derived intrathecal methotrexate dosage regimen.
Authors: W A Bleyer, P F Coccia, H N Sather, C Level, J Lukens, D J Niebrugge, S Siegel, P S Littman, S L Leikin, D R Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

During the period 1976-1981, 3241 children were enrolled on three major studies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by participating institutions of the Children's Cancer Study Group. Each study included a different method of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis: (1) standard therapy with cranial irradiation, 2400 rads, and intrathecal methotrexate at 12 mg/m2 six times during consolidation (CCG-141); (2) a modification of CCG-141 in which the intrathecal methotrexate was initiated during induction (CCG-141A); and (3) a reduced cranial irradiation dose of 1800 rads with intrathecal methotrexate given at the same frequency as a CCG-141A, with or without maintenance intrathecal methotrexate, but with a dosage regimen derived from CNS volume considerations rather than based on body surface area (CCG-160 series). Strategy 3, a change in the intrathecal methotrexate dosage, has resulted in the lowest incidence of CNS leukemia to date (p less than 0.007). The cumulative 3-yr CNS relapse rate has decreased from 8%-10% to 2%-5% in average-risk patients (p less than 0.02; life table estimate) and from 23%-27% to 6% in high-risk patients (p less than 0.0002; life table estimate), despite a reduction in the cranial irradiation dose from 2400 to 1800 rads. Maintenance intrathecal chemotherapy has had a marginal effect among patients randomized to receive this additional therapy (p = 0.06). The overall outcome has been an increase in the continuous complete remission rate (p = 0.04) but not in the estimated 3-yr continuous hematologic remission or survival rates.
Mediation of the effect of airflow obstruction upon six minute Walking distance (6MWD) by cytokine IL6 plasma levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Simonetta Baldi, Claudio Bruschi, Antonella Rezzani, Ezio Bellinzona, Elena Dacosto, Paola Crotti, Claudio Fracchia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To explore the causative role of cytokine IL6 blood levels on the relationship between FEV 1  and 6 minute walking distance (6MWD), 153 patients (GOLD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease] stages I–IV) underwent measurement of fasting plasma levels of IL6, together with pulmonary function tests, standardized six minute walking test, and EuroQoL 5D questionnaire at the start of respiratory rehabilitation program at our Institution. We hypothesized a mediation model were effect of the initial variable X (FEV 1 ) upon the outcome variable Y (6MWD) is caused by the intervening variable M (IL6). A four steps causal approach was used by conducting three separate regression analyses. Out of 153 patients (120 males) 54, 28, 34, 37 were in GOLD stage I, II, III, and respectively IV. Mean age was 69,7±9,0 years. Mean FEV 1  averaged 54,3±23,5% of predicted, and 6MWD 295,6±135,7 meters (66,4±41,3% of predicted). Median cytokine IL6 was 6,68 (IQR: 5.87). Raw correlation coefficients for association of 6MWD on FEV 1  was: 0,518, of IL6, in log units, on FEV 1 : -0,283, and of 6MWD on IL6, in log units, -0,447, (p 1  upon walking performance decline by a systemic immune activation biomarker stands for a underlying pathological process that makes up heterogeneity of the syndrome of COPD, and might enable tailoring rehabilitation strategies to individual patients.
The eosinophilic infiltration of lung cancer tissue and its relationship with the expression of IL-5
Authors: Xiang Han, Bei He
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: Some studies showed that high eosinophilic infiltration in lung cancer tissues was associated an improved prognosis. And the other studies showed the high expressed of IL-5 in lung cancer cells. IL-5 has emerged as a main controlling cytokine for eosinophil production, activation, and recruitment. However, there was little data associating IL-5 production with eosinophilia in lung cancer. We studied the eosinophilic infiltration and the expression of IL-5 in tissue specimens from lung cancer patients and analyzed the correlation between the eosinophilic infiltration and IL-5 expression of lung cancer tissue.

Methods: Eosinophilic infiltration was detected by Chromotrope-2R staining and IL-5 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 45 lung cancer tissues and 36 corresponding normal lung tissues.

Results: There were high tissue eosinophilic infiltrations in 17 of 45 (37.78%) cases. In the high eosinophilic infiltration cases, the counting of eosinophil in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues ( P  0.05).

Conclusion: There were high eosinophilic infiltrations of tumor tissues in some cases of lung cancer. Compared with SCLC, the rate of high tissue eosinophilic infiltration cases of NSCLC was significantly increased. There was no relationship between the eosinophilic infiltration and the expression of IL-5 in lung cancer tissue.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap–Derived Enzymes Oxidize High‐Density Lipoprotein: An Additional Proatherogenic Mechanism in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Carolyne K. Smith, Anuradha Vivekanandan‐Giri, Chongren Tang, Jason S. Knight, Anna Mathew, Robin L. Padilla, Brenda W. Gillespie, Carmelo Carmona‐Rivera, Xiaodan Liu, Venkataraman Subramanian, Sarfaraz Hasni, Paul R. Thompson, Jay W. Heinecke, Rajiv Saran, Subramaniam Pennathur, Mariana J. Kaplan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Oxidative stress and oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) are implicated as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Yet, how HDL is oxidized and rendered dysfunctional in SLE remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the levels of which are elevated in lupus, possess oxidant‐generating enzymes, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We hypothesized that NETs mediate HDL oxidation, impairing cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). Methods Plasma MPO levels and CEC activity were examined in controls and lupus patients, and 3‐chlorotyrosine (MPO specific) and 3‐nitrotyrosine (derived from reactive nitrogen species) were quantified in human HDL. Multivariable linear models were used to estimate and test differences between groups. HDL was exposed to NETs from control and lupus neutrophils in the presence or absence of MPO, NOX, NOS inhibitors, and chloroquine (CQ). Murine HDL oxidation was quantified after NET inhibition in vivo. Results SLE patients displayed higher MPO levels and diminished CEC compared to controls. SLE HDL had higher 3‐nitrotyrosine and 3‐chlorotyrosine content than control HDL, with site‐specific oxidation signatures on apolipoprotein A‐I. Experiments with human and murine NETs confirmed that chlorination was mediated by MPO and NOX, and nitration by NOS and NOX. Mice with lupus treated with the NET inhibitor Cl‐amidine displayed significantly decreased HDL oxidation. CQ inhibited NET formation in vitro. Conclusion Active NOS, NOX, and MPO within NETs significantly modify HDL, rendering the lipoprotein proatherogenic. Since NET formation is enhanced in SLE, these findings support a novel role for NET‐derived lipoprotein oxidation in SLE‐associated CVD and identify additional proatherogenic roles of neutrophils and putative protective roles of antimalarials in autoimmunity.
Eight in 10 GPs say indemnity fees are limiting their out-of-hours work
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A provider of out-of-hours care services has called for GPs, insurers, NHS England, and other stakeholders to find a solution to spiralling annual indemnity fees that threaten to leave gaps in urgent care rotas and to endanger the care of patients.

In a survey by Urgent Health UK, a federation of 26 social enterprises, 79% of 430 GPs said that clinical indemnity fees were limiting the number of out-of-hours shifts they undertook.1 Two thirds (68%) of the GPs said that should fees rise further they would consider reducing or stopping out-of-hours shifts. And more than half (55%) said that they were concerned that their clinical indemnity …
Hepatotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Dimethylnitrosamine in Low Dosage. Light and Electron Microscopic Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. H. Geil, R. J. Stenger, R. M. Behki, W. S. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Hepatotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Dimethylnitrosamine in Low Dosage. Light and Electron Microscopic Study Get access J. H. Geil, J. H. Geil Department of Pathology, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. J. Stenger, R. J. Stenger Department of Pathology, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. M. Behki, R. M. Behki Department of Pathology, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. S. Morgan W. S. Morgan Department of Pathology, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44109 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 4, April 1968, Pages 713–730, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.4.713 Published: 01 April 1968 Article history Received: 27 July 1967 Accepted: 29 November 1967 Published: 01 April 1968