tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Perfusion with Treated Plasma Cure Cancer?
Authors: Hellström Ke, Hellström I
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Every now and then one reads reports that promise novel ways of treating cancer. Among the approaches used, those involving some aspects of immunology are rather common. In the early 1970s it was bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG); today it is interferon and various other "biologic-response modifiers" (among which BCG is no longer very popular). All of us hope, of course, that the promises are warranted, but we have often been disappointed in the past.The paper by Terman et al. in this issue1 promises a new approach to cancer therapy, employing a technique that Dr. Terman and his colleagues were among . . .
Reductions in blood lead overestimate reductions in brain lead following repeated succimer regimens in a rodent model of childhood lead exposure.
Authors: Diane E Stangle, Myla S Strawderman, Donald Smith, Mareike Kuypers, Barbara J Strupp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Although many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of succimer chelation in reducing blood and brain lead levels, the relative efficacy of the drug in the two tissues is less well understood. This issue is important because blood lead levels after chelation are used clinically to estimate reductions in the brain, the most critical organ in considering lead-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was designed to further investigate this issue, using multiple chelation regimens. Long-Evans rats were exposed to one of three lead exposure regimens from birth until postnatal day 40, followed by treatment with succimer (one or two 3-week regimens) or vehicle. The results indicated that one succimer regimen was significantly superior to vehicle treatment in lowering lead levels in both blood and brain across the entire 8-week follow-up period. Similarly, a second succimer regimen offered significant additional benefit relative to one regimen for both blood and brain across the 4-week follow-up period. However, several findings revealed that succimer-induced reductions in brain lead lagged behind reductions in blood lead and were generally smaller in magnitude. Furthermore, a rebound was detected in blood, but not brain, lead levels after both succimer regimens. Given the results of this study, we urge caution in using blood lead as a surrogate for brain lead levels, particularly during and immediately after chelation treatment when reductions in blood lead levels overestimate reductions in brain lead levels. The present results suggest that, in clinical use, succimer treatment may need to extend beyond the point at which blood lead levels have dropped to an "acceptable" target value in order to effectively reduce brain lead levels and minimize neurotoxicity.
Relative contributions of diet and sunlight to vitamin D state in the elderly.
Authors: D E Lawson, A A Paul, A E Black, T J Cole, A R Mandal, M Davie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In winter the vitamin D state of elderly people may reach levels associated with osteomalacia, although the disease may not be clinically apparent. A statistical correlation was observed in a group of elderly subjects during the winter between dietary vitamin D intake and vitamin D state, but the intake was generally too low to make a biologically important contribution to maintaining vitamin D concentrations. Ultraviolet light (UVL) is the primary determinant of vitamin D state in summer and winter, in winter owing to the pools of vitamin D built up during the previous summer. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) in winter of 15.0-22.5 nmol/l (6-9 ng/ml) require that the concentration in the previous summer was over 40 nmol/l (16 ng/ml). To maintain plasma concentrations in the elderly above those associated with osteomalacia a mean dietary vitamin D intake of over 5 microgram/day is required. A more physiological approach, however, would be to increase exposure to UVL.
How Islam changed medicine: Ibn al-Haytham and optics
Authors: Mohammad T Masoud, Faiza Masoud
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choiceEditor-In accordance with the patient choice scheme, all 303 primary care trusts in England were obliged from January 2005 to offer patients a choice of at least two providers for cataract surgery. 1 The scheme allows patients to be involved in how, where, and when they are treated.Providers can be NHS trusts, diagnostic and treatment centres, or independent sector providers from the UK or overseas.By February 2005 13 000 extra operations had already been performed under the independent sector treatment programme. 2However, concern was raised about variations in clinical safety between different providers. 3 We sent a postal questionnaire to the leaders of patient choice for each of the primary care trusts in England asking how they monitor the quality of care from their providers.The table shows the replies from 125 trusts.The quality monitoring of providers by primary care trusts is poorly structured and variable.Who then should monitor standards and what variables should they use?Traditionally, NHS providers have used audit and clinical governance to measure their performance.Should it now be the role of the Strategic Health Authority, the provider, or the purchaser in the form of primary care trusts to monitor the product offered to the patient?Information technology exists to collect accurate data about adverse events in addition to visual acuity and refractive outcomes.The public expect that safe cataract care should be commissioned for them, 4 and robust methods of monitoring need to be agreed and implemented so that patients can make a truly informed choice.These decisions need to be made not only for cataract surgery but also for other elective procedures that will increasingly be made available to patients through the patient choice scheme.
Steam sterilisation of sandpits infected with toxocara eggs.
Authors: F van Knapen, J H Franchimont, G M Otter
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The law was subsequently changed to make possession of the plant illegal.Thus unless the Act is amended to name the psilocybin mushroom possession is legal.Apparently increasing numbers of teenagers and others are harvesting and eating the mushrooms.2Doctors should therefore be aware of possible long-term side effects of such agents.One of these is the flashback phenomenon described by about 5% of LSD users.3-3The development of severe and uncharacteristic anxiety symptoms, as in the present case, may be another.
FATAL MURINE TYPHUS INFECTION IN THE dba STRAIN OF MICE, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON STRAIN VARIATION IN SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Vicente Moragues, Henry Pinkerton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Injected intracranially in the dba strain of mice, murine typhus rickettsiae caused a serially transmissible meningoencephalitis similar to that produced by psittacosis and certain other viruses. All injected mice of this strain suddenly became ill and approximately half of these animals died on the 5th and 6th days after injection. Swiss mice injected in parallel series showed illness in only a few animals, and no deaths occurred. These experiments were carried out at room temperatures ranging from 60-80 degrees F. After intraperitoneal injection, a uniformly fatal rickettsial peritonitis developed in all dba mice kept at environmental temperatures of 65-73 degrees F. or 70-80 degrees F. Death occurred between the 3rd and 7th days after injection, depending somewhat on the dosage used. Among Swiss, brown agouti, and A albino mice injected in parallel series, the mortality was less than 60 per cent. These experiments indicate that mice of the dba strain are much more susceptible to murine typhus than are mice of the other three strains studied.
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections by human enterovirus and rhinovirus in adult patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: R. Parody, N. Rabella, R. Martino, M. Otegui, M. del Cuerpo, P. Coll, J. Sierra
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

The impact of human enterovirus (HEV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) respiratory tract infections in adult patients with hematological malignancies has been infrequently reported. We retrospectively studied 31 patients with an upper or lower respiratory tract infection (URTI/LRTI) by HEV (n = 18) or HRV (n = 15). At onset, a LRTI was present in 6 (33%) and 2 (13%) episodes of HEV and HRV infections, respectively, with or without an URTI. Progression to LRTI (pneumonia) from prior URTI was seen in 1 (6%) and 2 (13%) HEV and HRV infections, respectively. The presence of lymphocytopenia (<0.5 x 10(9)/l) was higher in LRTI by HEV: 4/5 (80%) versus 2/10 (20%) by HRV. Eight of 18 (44%) patients with immunosuppression versus 3/14 (21%) patients with no immunosuppression at the onset of respiratory infection developed a LRTI. Thirteen per cent of patients had associated respiratory infections from bacteria, aspergillus, or CMV. Pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed in 20% of HRV infections. Three of 11 patients (27%) with a LRTI died, but pulmonary copathogens were also involved in all cases. In conclusion, HEV and HRV can be associated with LRTI in immunocompromised patients, although their direct impact on mortality is uncertain.
New imaging techniques: promise or passe
Authors: M B Wallace
Journal: Gut (2003)

Caution with the use of cyclosporin in pregnancyWe read the article by Alstead and Nelson-Piercy with great interest. 1 We report a case (submitted for publication) of a woman with fulminant ulcerative colitis in the 29th week of pregnancy.Her disease was refractory to steroids, but she refused to have cyclosporin whilst pregnant.She therefore underwent an emergency Caesarean section and was given intravenous cyclosporin post-operatively.After 48 hours of treatment she developed severe hypertension with hypertensive encephalopathy and seizures.Although cyclosporin has been considered to be safe for both mother and foetus, we would like to highlight concerns that it is associated with potentially life threatening side effects.As a result, patients must be counselled thoroughly about the potential morbidity associated with this treatment and monitored closely.We agree with Dr Alstead in that cyclosporin should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Calmodulin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1C) is induced in human arterial smooth muscle cells of the synthetic, proliferative phenotype.
Authors: S D Rybalkin, K E Bornfeldt, W K Sonnenburg, I G Rybalkina, K S Kwak, K Hanson, E G Krebs, J A Beavo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The diversity among cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases provides multiple mechanisms for regulation of cAMP and cGMP in the cardiovascular system. Here we report that a calmodulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE1C) is highly expressed in proliferating human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in primary culture, but not in the quiescent SMCs of intact human aorta. High levels of PDE1C were found in primary cultures of SMCs derived from explants of human newborn and adult aortas, and in SMCs cultured from severe atherosclerotic lesions. PDE1C was the major cAMP hydrolytic activity in these SMCs. PDE expression patterns in primary SMC cultures from monkey and rat aortas were different from those from human cells. In monkey, high expression of PDE1B was found, whereas PDE1C was not detected. In rat SMCs, PDE1A was the only detectable calmodulin-stimulated PDE. These findings suggest that many of the commonly used animal species may not provide good models for studying the roles of PDEs in proliferation of human SMCs. More importantly, the observation that PDE1C is induced only in proliferating SMCs suggests that it may be both an indicator of proliferation and a possible target for treatment of atherosclerosis or restenosis after angioplasty, conditions in which proliferation of arterial SMCs is negatively modulated by cyclic nucleotides.
Correlation between template bleeding times and spontaneous bleeding during treatment of acute myocardial infarction with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: L W Gimple, H K Gold, R C Leinbach, B S Coller, W Werner, T Yasuda, J A Johns, A A Ziskind, D Finkelstein, D Collen
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The purpose of this study was to correlate bleeding complications during and after treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with serial template bleeding time measurements, with ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with clinical characteristics, and with hemostatic parameters. Fifty-two of 55 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction and template bleeding times (Ivy method) of less than 9.5 minutes were treated with rt-PA in a total dose of 55-212 mg (mean, 109 mg) over 90 to 360 minutes (median, 240 minutes) combined with heparin. The mean bleeding time was significantly prolonged at 90 minutes (from 5.0 +/- 1.9 to 8.2 +/- 4.3 minutes, p less than 0.0001) but returned toward baseline after 4 hours (from a median of 8.0 to 7.0 minutes, p less than 0.05). Thirteen patients (25%) suffered relatively minor but spontaneous bleeding that did not correlate with age, hypertension, smoking, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, ADP-induced platelet aggregation, steady-state rt-PA level, or extent of fibrinogen degradation. In multivariate analysis, only the 90-minute bleeding time correlated with spontaneous bleeding (p = 0.01). Prolongation of the 90-minute bleeding time to greater than or equal to 9 minutes, which occurred in 21 patients, correlated with spontaneous bleeding with a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval, 39-90%) and a specificity of 69% (95% confidence interval, 52-83%). Retrospective analysis revealed that in 14 patients taking aspirin, the bleeding time at 90 minutes was significantly more prolonged (p less than 0.05) and spontaneous bleeding significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) than in patients not taking aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dose-Finding and Pharmacokinetic Study to Optimize the Dosing of Irinotecan According to the <i>UGT1A1</i> Genotype of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Federico Innocenti, Richard L. Schilsky, Jacqueline Ramírez, Linda Janisch, Samir Undevia, Larry K. House, Soma Das, Kehua Wu, Michelle Turcich, Robert Marsh, Theodore Karrison, Michael L. Maitland, Ravi Salgia, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose The risk of severe neutropenia from treatment with irinotecan is related in part to UGT1A1*28, a variant that reduces the elimination of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. We aimed to identify the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of irinotecan in patients with advanced solid tumors stratified by the *1/*1, *1/*28, and *28/*28 genotypes. Patients and Methods Sixty-eight patients received an intravenous flat dose of irinotecan every 3 weeks. Forty-six percent of the patients had the *1/*1 genotype, 41% had the *1/*28 genotype, and 13% had the *28/*28 genotype. The starting dose of irinotecan was 700 mg in patients with the *1/*1 and *1/*28 genotypes and 500 mg in patients with the *28/*28 genotype. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed at cycle 1. Results In patients with the *1/*1 genotype, the MTD was 850 mg (four DLTs per 16 patients), and 1,000 mg was not tolerated (two DLTs per six patients). In patients with the *1/*28 genotype, the MTD was 700 mg (five DLTs per 22 patients), and 850 mg was not tolerated (four DLTs per six patients). In patients with the *28/*28 genotype, the MTD was 400 mg (one DLT per six patients), and 500 mg was not tolerated (three DLTs per three patients). The DLTs were mainly myelosuppression and diarrhea. Irinotecan clearance followed linear kinetics. At the MTD for each genotype, dosing by genotype resulted in similar SN-38 areas under the curve (AUCs; r 2 = 0.0003; P = .97), but the irinotecan AUC was correlated with the actual dose (r 2 = 0.39; P &lt; .001). Four of 48 patients with disease known to be responsive to irinotecan achieved partial response. Conclusion The UGT1A1*28 genotype can be used to individualize dosing of irinotecan. Additional studies should evaluate the effect of genotype-guided dosing on efficacy in patients receiving irinotecan.
The Unpleasantness of Perceived Dyspnea Is Processed in the Anterior Insula and Amygdala
Authors: Andreas von Leupoldt, Tobias Sommer, Sarah Kegat, Hans Jörg Baumann, Hans Klose, Bernhard Dahme, Christian Büchel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: The subjective perception of dyspnea, which is an impairing symptom in various cardiopulmonary diseases, consists of sensory (intensity) and affective aspects (unpleasantness). However, little is known about the cortical processing of the perception of dyspnea.Objectives: To investigate the cortical areas associated with the processing of the affective unpleasantness of perceived dyspnea.Methods: Brain imaging study using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 14 healthy volunteers.Measurements and Main Results: Dyspnea was induced by inspiratory resistive loaded breathing with concomitant positive and negative emotional stimulation by viewing standardized emotional picture series. The blood oxygen level–dependent contrast was measured as an index of local neuronal activity while respiration was continuously monitored. Negative emotional stimulation during loaded breathing was associated with higher unpleasantness of perceived dyspnea when compared with loaded breathing with concomitant positive emotional stimulation (P < 0.05). The levels of intensity of perceived dyspnea, respiratory responses, and load magnitude were similar between both conditions. Higher unpleasantness of dyspnea was associated with neuronal activations in the limbic system—that is, in the right anterior insula and in the right amygdala (respective Z values = 3.93 and 3.15; P < 0.05).Conclusions: The results of the present brain imaging study suggest that the unpleasantness of subjectively perceived dyspnea is processed in the right human anterior insula and amygdala.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Eradication of acute promyelocytic leukemia-initiating cells through PML-RARA degradation
Authors: Rihab Nasr, Marie-Claude Guillemin, Omar Ferhi, Hassan Soilihi, Laurent Peres, Caroline Berthier, Philippe Rousselot, Macarena Robledo-Sarmiento, Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach, Bernard Gourmel, Dominique Vitoux, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Cécile Rochette-Egly, Jun Zhu, Hugues de Thé
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contrasting effects of enalapril and metoprolol on proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: S Bjorck, H Mulec, S A Johnsen, G Nyberg, M Aurell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms (VBDAs) are associated with serious complications and a poor prognosis. It is believed that inflammation of the aneurysm wall may be the main cause of rupture or deterioration. Atorvastatin has been shown to inhibit inflammation and may be a suitable drug candidate. Here, we report a clinical research study protocol to investigate whether atorvastatin inhibits inflammation of the aneurysm wall, as measured by signal index enhancement. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We have designed a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, blank-controlled clinical trial. 40 patients with non-ruptured VBDAs with enhancement aneurysm walls will be enrolled in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Eligible patients will be randomly divided into two treatment groups, at a ratio of 1:1, to receive atorvastatin 20 mg orally for 6 months or no treatment. The primary assessment outcome will be the change in aneurysm wall enhancement, as measured by the signal index during the 6-month treatment period. The secondary assessment outcomes will be the aneurysm morphology (intramural haematoma, dissection valve and false lumen) and changes in the concentrations of inflammatory factors, including C reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The protocol has been approved by the medical ethics committee of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital at which the work will be conducted (Approval No. KY 2019-024-02). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings from the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT04943783.
Quadriplegia in Diabetic Hyperosmotic Coma
Authors: George H. Kraft
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In their recent article "Acute Quadriplegia in Diabetic Hyperosmotic Coma With Hypokalemia" (<b>207</b>:2278, 1969), Manzano and Kozak presented the case of a 42-year-old man with diabetes in hyperosmotic coma with hypokalemia, in whom severe quadriplegia developed as the glucose and potassium levels were being restored to normal levels. They stated that "the exact etiology of the paralysis could not be determined." In reviewing the many tests carried out on this patient, I was surprised not to find the results of nerve conduction studies. These would have provided quantitative information on nerve function, and might have been a diagnostic help. The three conditions considered in the differential diagnosis—hypokalemia, diabetic neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome—each produce a characteristic alteration of peripheral nerve physiology. In hypokalemia, nerve conduction velocities are generally normal, even at the time of potassium depletion and weakness. However, electromyography done during the period of hypokalemia shows
Drugs and Dreams III: The Effects of Imipramine on the Dreams of Depressed Patients
Authors: MILTON KRAMER, ROY M. WHITMAN, BILL BALDRIDGE, PAUL H. ORNSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

An examination of the dreams of depressed patients revealed that there are measurable changes in dream content which accompany imipramine treatment and clinical improvement. The findings are consistent with a view of the intrapsychic condition in depression as being high in feelings of hostility and anxiety and low in heterosexuality and motility. The essential psychopharmacologic action of imipramine in depression is a two-step effect in which hostility is mobilized and then discharged.