tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of compartmentalization of alveolar tumor necrosis factor after lung injury.
Authors: J D Tutor, C M Mason, E Dobard, R C Beckerman, W R Summer, S Nelson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a compartmentalized cytokine, is a key mediator in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and may play a role in multiorgan failure. To assess whether compartmentalization of alveolar TNF is preserved following lung injury, isolated perfused lungs from Sprague-Dawley rats were given intratracheally 1 ml/kg of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.1 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or 125,000 units of murine recombinant TNF (mrTNF). To induce lung leak, one group of rats was given 50 mg/kg of alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) intraperitoneally. Then, 125,000 units mrTNF was given intratracheally to these lungs. Samples of perfusate were assayed for TNF by the L929 cytotoxicity assay before (0 min) and 180 min after the intratracheal challenge, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for TNF assay. ANTU increased lung leak but intratracheal TNF and LPS did not. The isolated perfused lung preparation expressed small amounts of perfusate TNF and underwent minimal leak that was not caused by TNF release. Endogenous or exogenous intrapulmonary TNF remained predominantly compartmentalized, but following ANTU, TNF readily appeared in the perfusate. Compartmentalization of alveolar TNF is lost during alveolar-capillary injury, suggesting that the injured lung may contribute to a systemic inflammatory response and subsequent multiorgan failure.
Abstract 2458: Automated analysis of four color PTEN deletion in prostate cancer using FISHQuant on a whole slide image
Authors: Annamaria Csizmadia, Ferenc Szipocs, Janet Park, Mohammmed Harris, Peter Hartmayer, Thomas J. Moss
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mutations within the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene have been linked to the development of many cancers. PTEN is one of the most commonly lost tumor suppressors in human cancer; in fact, up to 40% of men with prostate cancer are estimated to have lost a copy of the PTEN gene at the time of diagnosis. Slides stained with CymogenDx's PTEN del-TECT FOUR COLOR probe, developed for reliably detecting PTEN deletion, are scanned using 3DHISTECH's Panoramic 250 FLASH II digital slide scanner and the resulting whole slides are subsequently analyzed using 3DHISTECH's FISHQuant software. The ability to capture fluorescent signals from 9 independent channels and up to 29 different Z layers with perfect co-localization enables the creation of multiple labelled fluorescent slides. 3DHISTECH's “Extended Focus” feature creates a single in-focus image where all the in-focus parts of each captured layer is merged into one composite image. This enables the use of automated algorithms to evaluate different FISH probes in tissue and cytology whole slide samples. The FISHQuant software segments nuclei and spots automatically and scores the resulting data. For PTEN deletion, it measures the deletion clusters for the 3 colors involved. It also uses the control to check for numerical deviation of the 10th chromosome's signals. These two measurements are run automatically and displayed on a two-dimensional “HistoPlot”. This proof of concept study, using prostate core needle biopsies, demonstrates that the PTEN deletion FISH signals captured on a digital slide and overlaid in bright field and fluorescence modes can be subsequently analyzed using automated algorithms. The ability to identify tumor heterogeneity in a prostate core biopsy (and other sample preps) thus becomes possible. “Extended focus” and the patent pending PTEN del-TECT FOUR COLOR probe limits truncations artifact and makes a huge difference as sections get thinner due to other tests needing to be performed. Having access to the whole slide for analysis provides enough cells of interest. Citation Format: Annamaria Csizmadia, Ferenc Szipocs, Janet Park, Mohammmed Harris, Peter Hartmayer, Thomas J. Moss. Automated analysis of four color PTEN deletion in prostate cancer using FISHQuant on a whole slide image. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2458. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2458
Circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase activities in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Effects of beta-blocker on cardiac matrix remodeling
Authors: Tomoaki Ohtsuka, Mareomi Hamada, Yuji Shigematsu, Yuji Hara, Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Tsuyoshi Matsunaka, Jun Suzuki, Katsuji Inoue, Kiyotaka Ohshima, None Norikatsu, Akira Kurata, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Antitumor effect of donor marrow graft rejection induced by recipient leukocyte infusions in mixed chimeras prepared with nonmyeloablative conditioning: critical role for recipient-derived IFN-γ
Authors: Marie-Therese Rubio, Yong-Mi Kim, Teviah Sachs, Markus Mapara, Guiling Zhao, Megan Sykes
Journal: Blood (2003)
A Multi-institution Collaborative Policy on Medical Futility
Authors: Amir Halevy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AN INFANT born with multiple congenital abnormalities that rendered survival unprecedented required high-dose vasopressors to maintain blood pressure. After several days, gangrene developed in the extremities, and the parents sequentially demanded amputations of several limbs in an attempt to "do everything." The surrogate decision maker for a comatose woman dying of multisystem organ failure in an intensive care unit (ICU) was her estranged husband; they separated because of repeated spousal abuse. Despite many conferences with the husband recommending comfort measures and a do-not-resuscitate order, the husband demanded that the medical staff "do everything to my wife." A public hospital serving an indigent community of several hundred thousand had a full ICU, and 3 patients were being kept in the emergency department on ventilators. One of the patients in the ICU was a gentleman who had been ventilator dependent and unresponsive for 41/2 months after a cardiac arrest; his daughter insisted
Leukoderma in the nude C57BL/6 mouse
Authors: JAMES J. NORDLUND, ALEXANDRA ACKLES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The nu gene bred into mice causes the animals to be athymic and nude, that is their hairs do not project past the follicular orifice making them appear to be hairless. The gene has been bred into C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice which are homozygous for the gene are runted and nude and develop leukoderma around 6 weeks of age. The leukoderma is caused by shedding of short stubby, barely visible black hairs, probably a normal hair cycle. This type of leukoderma is not vitiligo, a disease which causes the skin to turn white because of destruction of the melanocytes in the epidermis or hair bulbs.
Antithrombotic properties in rabbits of heparin and heparin fragments covalently coupled to human antithrombin III.
Authors: C Mattsson, M Hoylaerts, E Holmer, T Uthne, D Collen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Clinical grade heparin is a very heterogeneous mucopolysaccharide, containing molecules with Mr ranging from 6,000 to 30,000 that have either a high affinity or a low affinity for antithrombin III (AT). In this study, the antithrombotic properties of intact high-affinity heparin (Mr = 15,000) and of two heparin fragments (h16, a 16-monosaccharide fragment, with Mr = 4,300, and h12, a 12-monosaccharide fragment, with Mr = 3,200) and of their functional covalent stoichiometric complexes with human AT were compared in a venous thrombosis stasis model in rabbits. Thrombosis was induced by injection of glass-activated human plasma and measured in a segment of the jugular vein that was isolated between two vascular clamps for 10 min. Injections of 55 micrograms/kg resulted in a clear antithrombotic effect for intact heparin, but not for the two fragments. Equivalent amounts (carbohydrate moiety) of covalent complexes of heparin or of both heparin fragments with human AT resulted in an antithrombotic effect lasting for 45-60 min. Injection of 110 micrograms/kg of heparin and of the heparin fragments yielded an antithrombotic effect, lasting 45-60 min; the corresponding amounts of covalent complexes caused an anti-thrombotic effect for 60-120 min. The free and conjugated fragments produced equal antithrombotic effects at equal plasma levels of anti-Factor Xa activity, but the specific antithrombotic activities of free and complexed intact heparin, on a molar basis, were 10-20-fold greater than those of the free and complexed heparin fragments. The plasma half-life of the covalent complexes of the heparin fragments with AT is, however, 10 times longer than that of the complex between intact heparin and AT and 30 times longer than that of free intact heparin. Covalent complexes between AT and heparin fragments could, therefore, be useful to maintain more stable levels of antithrombotic activity in plasma.
Academic–Industrial Relationships in the Life Sciences
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

This Health Policy Report reviews the history of the relationships between academic institutions and industrial organizations in the United States and discusses recent developments in this area. Academic–industrial relationships have fostered the development and dissemination of valuable medical advances, but they have also resulted in financial conflicts of interest that have threatened both the welfare of subjects enrolled in clinical research trials and the integrity of the research process. The author outlines strategies for managing academic–industrial relationships so as to safeguard both human subjects and the integrity of research.
Value: A Framework for Radiation Oncology
Authors: Sewit Teckie, Susan A. McCloskey, Michael L. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In the current health care system, high costs without proportional improvements in quality or outcome have prompted widespread calls for change in how we deliver and pay for care. Value-based health care delivery models have been proposed. Multiple impediments exist to achieving value, including misaligned patient and provider incentives, information asymmetries, convoluted and opaque cost structures, and cultural attitudes toward cancer treatment. Radiation oncology as a specialty has recently become a focus of the value discussion. Escalating costs secondary to rapidly evolving technologies, safety breaches, and variable, nonstandardized structures and processes of delivering care have garnered attention. In response, we present a framework for the value discussion in radiation oncology and identify approaches for attaining value, including economic and structural models, process improvements, outcome measurement, and cost assessment.
Adult acquired cytomegalovirus infection with gastric and duodenal ulceration.
Authors: R C Spiller, D Lovell, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1988)

Recent reports of cytomegalovirus associated colonic and oesophageal ulceration in immunosuppressed patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, have focused attention on the possibility that viral infections may in some cases be the initial insult which leads in susceptible subjects to gastrointestinal ulceration. In this case report we describe how systemic primary infection with the cytomegalovirus was associated with the development of multiple gastric and duodenal erosions.
NIH considers large-scale study to evaluate chorionic villi sampling
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The next major development in chorionic villi sampling may be a study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). When the technique was introduced in the United States last summer (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1983; 250:1249-1250), it was suggested that this approach to the prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects some day might replace amniocentesis. The suggestion was made in part because chorionic villi sampling is performed during the first trimester of pregnancy and preliminary results are available within 24 hours. The procedure, which was developed in Europe in the late 1960s, involves passing a 16-cm plastic catheter with a 1.5-mm flexible aluminum obturator through the vagina into the uterus and up to the chorionic villi. This is done with the aid of ultrasound imaging. About 30 mg of tissue are suctioned out for chromosome analysis. Some of the countries in which the technique is being used are China, Denmark,
Have Oxygen, Will Travel
Authors: Francie Scott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents15 June 1999Have Oxygen, Will TravelFrancie ScottFrancie ScottSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00018 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Jerry Gorby, an emphysema patient from Napa, California, lives tethered to a canister of liquid oxygen that runs at 2 liters per minute. He once canceled plans to visit a childhood friend who lived 150 miles away because he could not locate an oxygen supplier to refill his canister.Airlines, cruise ships, trains, and buses can accommodate travelers who have a variety of special needs. However, oxygen-dependent patients like Gorby face many obstacles when they travel and must plan every detail long before their trips.First, oxygen-dependent patients need prescriptions from their physicians indicating diagnosis, liter flow, and the number ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 12Page: 1036KeywordsBlood volumeDrugsEmphysemaForced expiratory volumeInformation technologyMorbidityMortalityOxygenThoraxTreatment guidelines Issue Published: 15 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Roentgen Diagnosis of Diseases of Bone
Authors: Howard L. Steinbach
Journal: JAMA (1967)

With its excellent reproduction of roentgenograms, this book attempts to cover the entire field of skeletal disease, except for traumatic lesions. While discussion of fractures might have been a desirable addition, it would have necessitated a much larger book. The first part of the book discusses basic considerations of bone and cartilage, including histopathology, physiology, skeletal maturation, and fundaments in interpreting roentgenograms of the skeletal system. Included are tables of bone maturation, by Hodges and by Camp and Cilley. These standards were the best available at the time of their publication in the thirties but are now somewhat outdated. Further studies of acceleration in skeletal maturation in the past decade require a revision of the earlier data. Other sections of the book deal with dysplasias, chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic bone diseases and dystrophies, anemia, reticuloendotheliosis, osteomyelitis, the arthritides, bone tumors, osteochondrosis, interstitial calcinosis, osseous manifestations of poisoning, arteriovenous fistulas, spondylolisthesis, and
High INR on warfarin
Authors: U. Reddy, N. R. Mallepaddi, T. J. Chevassut
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line A 72 year old woman, who had been diagnosed as having recurrent deep vein thrombosis six weeks earlier, attends the practice's phlebotomy clinic for an international normalised ratio (INR) check. Her INR is greater than 8.0 (target INR range: 2.0-3.0). During the consultation, you look through her previous INR readings and notice they have been supra-therapeutic over the past two weeks despite a reduction in the dose of warfarin.
The limits of psychiatry
Authors: D. Double
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Much of the expansion of psychiatry in the past few decades has been based on a biomedical model that encourages drug treatment to be seen as a panacea for multiple problems. Psychiatrist Duncan Double is sceptical of this approach and suggests that psychiatry should temper and complement a biological view with psychological and social understanding, thus recognising the uncertainties of clinical practice

The increasing accountability of doctors following the deaths of children in the Bristol Royal Infirmary's paediatric cardiac surgical unit has focused attention on the foundations of medical practice. Ian Kennedy, who chaired the Bristol inquiry,1 provides a direct link with earlier cultural critics of medicine—such as Ivan Illich—in his Reith lectures in 1980 about “unmasking” medicine.2

Illich made specific comments about psychiatry in his critique of medicalisation and the limits to medicine.3 He attended the 1977 world federation for mental health conference in Vancouver, Canada, where he debated the issue of whether mental health professionals are necessary.4 He maintained that “do it yourself” care was preferable. The central concern of Illich's work was the legitimacy of professional power, whether in health systems or in other systems, such as education.

There is no direct equivalent in general medicine of the “anti-psychiatry” movement, commonly seen as a passing phase in psychiatry and associated with the names of R D Laing and Thomas Szasz.5 Illich came from outside medicine, whereas the proponents of anti-psychiatry came from within psychiatry, even if their influence was subsequently marginalised by mainstream psychiatrists.

The cultural role of psychiatry is more obviously open to criticism than is the case in the rest of medicine. This is because of its direct relation to social control through mental health legislation. Although diagnosis of mental illness should not be predicated on social conformity, in practice …
Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Pere Ginés, Antoni Rimola, Ramón Planas, Victor Vargas, Francesc Marco, Manuel Almela, Montserrat Forne, Maria Luisa Miranda, Josep Llach, Joan Manuel Salmerón, Maria Esteve, Josep Maria Marques, Maria Teresa Jiménez de Anta, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Eighty cirrhotic patients who had recovered from an episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were included in a multicenter, double-blind trial aimed at comparing long-term norfloxacin administration (400 mg/day; 40 patients) vs. placebo (40 patients) in the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence. At entry, both groups were similar with respect to clinical and laboratory data, ascitic fluid protein and polymorphonuclear concentrations, number of previous episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and causative organisms of the index spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Norfloxacin administration produced a selective intestinal decontamination (elimination of aerobic gram-negative bacilli from the fecal flora without significant changes in other microorganisms) throughout the study in six patients in whom the effect of norfloxacin on the fecal flora was periodically assessed. Fourteen patients from the placebo group (35%) and five from the norfloxacin group (12%) developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence during follow-up (χ 2 = 5.97; p = 0.014) (mean follow-up period = 6.4 ± 0.6 mo; range = 1 to 19 mo). Ten of the 14 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrences in the placebo group and only one of the five spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrences in the norfloxacin group were caused by aerobic gramnegative bacilli (χ 2 = 8.87; p = 0.0029). The overall probability of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence at 1 yr of follow-up was 20% in the norfloxacin group and 68% in the placebo group (p = 0.0063) and the probability of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli at 1 yr of follow-up was 3% and 60%, respectively (p = 0.0013). Only one patient treated with norfloxacin experienced side effects related to treatment (oral and esophageal candidiasis). These results indicate that long-term selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin is an effective and safe measure to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli in cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:716-724).
Bacteriuria and Incontinence in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Kim-Thu C. Pham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 February 1996Bacteriuria and Incontinence in Nursing Home ResidentsKim-Thu C. Pham, MD, MPHKim-Thu C. Pham, MD, MPHUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Ouslander and colleagues [1] address a common problem among the elderly—chronic incontinence. They also raise broader ethical issues of research involving nursing home patients. Residents of institutional care settings have a high prevalence of mental and physical disabilities and are vulnerable to neglect and coercion. Similarly, potential protocol participants with dementia may be excluded because of their inability to consent or may be coerced into participating.This dilemma has been addressed previously. Sachs and colleagues [2] posit that exclusion of patients because of physical or cognitive deficits constitutes discrimination. An inherent right to participate is assumed if ...References1. Ouslander JG, Schapira M, Schnelle JF, Uman G, Fingold S, Tuico E, et al. Does eradicating bacteriuria affect the severity of urinary incontinence in nursing home residents? Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:749-54. Google Scholar2. Sachs GA, Rhymes J, Cassel CK. Biomedical and behavioral research in nursing homes: guidelines for ethical investigations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993; 41:771-7. Google Scholar3. High DM. Research with Alzheimer's disease subjects: informed consent and proxy decision making. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40:950-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kim-Thu C. Pham, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3Page: 373KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseCatheterizationDementiaDisabilitiesFearIncontinenceNursing homesPatient advocacyResearch ethics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sounds of My Father
Authors: Illene C Noppe
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal