tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver cirrhosis induces renal and liver phospholipase A2 activity in rats.
Authors: B S Vishwanath, F J Frey, G Escher, J Reichen, B M Frey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Maintenance of renal function in liver cirrhosis requires increased synthesis of arachidonic acid derived prostaglandin metabolites. Arachidonate metabolites have been reported to be involved in modulation of liver damage. The purpose of the present study was to establish whether the first enzyme of the prostaglandin cascade synthesis, the phospholipase A2(PLA2) is altered in liver cirrhosis induced by bile duct excision. The mRNA of PLA2(group I and II) and annexin-I a presumptive inhibitor of PLA2 enzyme was measured by PCR using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as an internal standard. The mean mRNA ratio of group II PLA2/GAPDH was increased in liver tissue by 126% (P < 0.001) and in kidney tissue by 263% (P < 0.006) following induction of liver cirrhosis. The increase in group II PLA2 mRNA in cirrhotic animals was reflected by an increase in PLA2 protein and enzyme activity in both liver and kidney tissues. Since the mRNA of group I PLA2 was not detectable and Group IV PLA2 activity measured in liver and kidney tissue samples was very low and not changed following induction of cirrhosis, it is likely that the major PLA2 activity measured in liver and kidney corresponds to group II PLA2 enzyme. The mean mRNA ratio of annexin-I/GAPDH was increased in liver tissue by 115% (P < 0.05) but unchanged in kidney tissue following induction of cirrhosis. The protein content of annexin-I and -V were not affected by bile duct excision in liver and kidney tissue indicating that upregulation of group II PLA2 activity was not due to downregulation of annexin-I or -V. Group II PLA2 activity of glomerular mesangial cells stimulated by interleukin-1 beta was enhanced by bile juice and various bile salts. In conclusion, activity of group II PLA2 is upregulated partly due to enhanced transcription and translation in cirrhosis and is furthermore augmented by elevated levels of bile salts.
Effective treatment of verapamil intoxication with 4-aminopyridine in the cat.
Authors: S Agoston, E Maestrone, E J van Hezik, J M Ket, M C Houwertjes, D R Uges
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To study the value of 4-aminopyridine as an antidote to verapamil intoxication, we subjected 12 adult cats to verapamil poisoning by administering doses of 4.0-25.0 mg/kg verapamil by intravenous infusion. Six animals were given 4-aminopyridine 2 X 0.5 mg/kg i.v. after the verapamil infusion was stopped and the other six animals (the control group) were not. Verapamil caused profound cardiovascular depression and also partial neuromuscular block, both of which were completely reversed by 4-aminopyridine within 50 min, in spite of extremely high serum verapamil concentrations (ranging between 3,700 and 13,500 ng/ml). The six animals that received 4-aminopyridine survived the verapamil intoxication, whereas four of the six animals in the control group died. The results suggest that 4-aminopyridine may be useful in the treatment of verapamil intoxication.
Credentialing, Recertification, and Public Accountability—Reply
Authors: Christine K. Cassel, Eric S. Holmboe
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recombinant factor VIIa for variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Jaime Bosch, Dominique Thabut, Agustín Albillos, Nicolas Carbonell, Julius Spicak, Julien Massard, Gennaro D'Amico, Didier Lebrec, Roberto de Franchis, Sφren Fabricius, Yan Cai, Flemming Bendtsen
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

A beneficial effect of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in Child-Pugh class B and C patients with cirrhosis who have variceal bleeding has been suggested. This randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa in patients with advanced cirrhosis and active variceal bleeding. At 31 hospitals in an emergency setting, 256 patients (Child-Pugh &gt; 8; Child-Pugh B = 26%, C = 74%) were randomized equally to: placebo; 600 μg/kg rFVIIa (200 + 4× 100 μg/kg); or 300 μg/kg rFVIIa (200 + 100 μg/kg). Dosing was intravenous at 0, 2, 8, 14, and 20 hours after endoscopy, in addition to standard vasoactive, prophylactic antibiotic, and endoscopic treatment. The primary composite endpoint consisted of failure to control 24-hour bleeding, or failure to prevent rebleeding or death at day 5. Secondary endpoints included adverse events and 42-day mortality. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Administration of rFVIIa had no significant effect on the composite endpoint compared with placebo ( P = 0.37). There was no significant difference in 5-day mortality between groups; however, 42-day mortality was significantly lower with 600 μg/kg rFVIIa compared with placebo (odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.74), and bleeding-related deaths were reduced from 12% (placebo) to 2% (600 μg/kg). A marked heterogeneity in the failure rate in all treatment groups was observed across participating centers. Adverse events, including overall thromboembolic events, were comparable between groups. Conclusion: Treatment with rFVIIa had no significant effect on the primary composite endpoint compared with placebo. Therefore, decision on the use of this hemostatic agent in acute variceal bleeding should be carefully considered, because results of this study do not support the routine use of rFVIIa in this setting. Adverse events were comparable across groups.
Pleural Cavity Exploitation in β-Agonist–treated ARDS Patients
Authors: Gavin D. Perkins, Danny F. McAuley, David R. Thickett, Fang Gao
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

We read with great interest the article by Perkins and colleagues reporting that humans with ALI/ARDS receiving sustained treatment with intravenous -agonists exhibit acceleration in the clearance of alveolar edema (1). The need for a multicenter clinical trial is proposed to test the potential efficacy of the proposed therapy, with concomitant testing of the aerosolized delivery of the -agonist to achieve similar clinical efficacy and to avoid cardiac side effects. However, we believe that it would have been of interest for the authors to provide any data available regarding the occurrence of pleural effusions in the patients who underwent the BALTI trial. Leak of edema fluid into the pleural cavity in ARDS was suggested to represent an important route of interstitial edema clearance, acting as a safety factor with regard to alveolar flooding (2). In vivo studies in rabbits have shown that -adrenergic stimulation decreased by 25% the net rate liquid absorption of Ringer’s lactate hydrothoraces, while -adrenergic stimulation in the setting of 1% albumin-Ringer’s lactate hydrothoraces increased it by 29% (3). A recent study by our group, investigating the effect of adrenergic stimulation on pleural permeability in sheep, showed that stimulation of -adrenergic receptors results in reduction of the pleural permeability through Na transport inhibition (4). The effective concentrations of the -agonist used in the study of Zocchi and colleagues (5 10 6 M) (3), and by Zarogiannis and colleagues (10 7 M) (4) were similar and much higher than the concentration achieved in plasma when aerosolized -agonist is used as a therapeutic agent in patients with pulmonary edema (5). The findings that -adrenergic stimulation may inhibit or accelerate the absorption of excess pleural fluid from the pleural cavity, depending on the protein load, should be taken into account to achieve optimal alveolar and pleural clearance simultaneously in cases of ARDS complicated by pleural effusions. Such consideration might improve the effects on extravascular lung water as well as on pleural effusions as a clinical complication in ARDS.
Mucosal morphology in Barrett’s esophagus: interobserver agreement and role of narrow band imaging
Authors: W. Curvers, C. Bohmer, R. Mallant-Hent, A. Naber, C. Ponsioen, K. Ragunath, R. Singh, M. Wallace, H. Wolfsen, L.-M. Wong Kee Song, R. Lindeboom, P. Fockens, J. Bergman
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de W. L. Curvers et al., pp. 799Endoscopy 2008; 40(10): 970-970DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306878
Diabetes as a Tracer Condition in International Benchmarking of Health Systems
Authors: Ellen Nolte, Chris Bain, Martin McKee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To assess the performance of health systems using diabetes as a tracer condition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We generated a measure of “case-fatality” among young people with diabetes using the mortality-to-incidence ratio (M/I ratio) for 29 industrialized countries using published data on diabetes incidence and mortality. Standardized incidence rates for ages 0–14 years were extracted from the World Health Organization DiaMond study for the period 1990–1994; data on death from diabetes for ages 0–39 years were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database and converted into age-standardized death rates for the period 1994–1998, using the European standard population. RESULTS—The M/I ratio varied &amp;gt;10-fold. These relative differences appear similar to those observed in cohort studies of mortality among young people with type 1 diabetes in five countries. A sensitivity analysis showed that using plausible assumptions about potential overestimation of diabetes as a cause of death and underestimation of incidence rates in the U.S. yields an M/I ratio that would still be twice as high as in the U.K. or Canada. CONCLUSIONS—The M/I ratio for diabetes provides a means of differentiating countries on quality of care for people with diabetes. It is solely an indicator of potential problems, a basis for stimulating more detailed assessments of whether such problems exist, and what can be done to address them.
P744 DEPDC5 GENE LOCUS ASSOCIATES WITH SEVERE LIVER FIBROSIS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: M.A. Burza, B.M. Motta, A.L. Fracanzani, A. Aghemo, S. Fargion, M. Colombo, J. Fischer, T. Berg, L. Valenti, S. Romeo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Epidemic Rubella in Taiwan, 1957–1958
Authors: J. Thomas Grayston, Raymond H. Watten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

RUBELLA is now widely accepted as a cause of congenital malformations and fetal death.1 2 3 4 5 Consequently, gamma globulin is commonly used to prevent rubella in pregnant women exposed to the disease. However, there has been only limited experimental evidence supporting this use of the agent.5 6 7 8 An opportunity for study of its effectiveness in the prevention of rubella was afforded by the widespread rubella epidemic that occurred in Taiwan between September, 1957, and May, 1958. Epidemic rubella had not occurred in Taiwan since 1944, and attack rates were high, with nearly 1,000,000 cases in a population of 10,000,0009; in this study, . . .
A Founder Mutation as a Cause of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in Hispanic Americans
Authors: Murat Günel, Issam A. Awad, Karin Finberg, John A. Anson, Gary K. Steinberg, H. Hunt Batjer, Thomas A. Kopitnik, Leslie Morrison, Steven L. Giannotta, Carol Nelson-Williams, Richard P. Lifton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Cerebral cavernous malformation is a vascular disease of the brain causing headaches, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage. Familial and sporadic cases are recognized, and a gene causing familial disease has been mapped to chromosome 7. Hispanic Americans have a higher prevalence of cavernous malformation than do other ethnic groups, raising the possibility that affected persons in this population have inherited the same mutation from a common ancestor.
High glucose-induced proliferation in mesangial cells is reversed by autocrine TGF-β
Authors: Gunter Wolf, Kumar Sharma, Ying Chen, Mark Ericksen, Fuad N. Ziyadeh
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

We investigated the effects of glucose concentration in serum-free media on the proliferative growth response of a cultured murine mesangial cell line. Raising the ambient D-glucose concentration from 100 mg/dl to 450 mg/dl stimulated cell proliferation after 24 to 48 hours but had a growth inhibitory effect after 72 to 96 hours of incubation. This biphasic proliferative response to high glucose concentration was not mediated by the elevated osmolarity of the medium and did not occur when L-glucose was used. The early phase of glucose-induced proliferation was associated with increased expression of the immediate early genes c-myc and egr-1 as well as with induction of the S-phase related proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA). Several lines of evidence indicated that the late phase of glucose-induced growth inhibition was mediated by the bioactivation of endogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Neutralizing antibody against TGF-beta prevented the late inhibitory effects of glucose on proliferation. On the other hand, exogenous TGF-beta (1 ng/ml) significantly inhibited basal proliferation in mesangial cells. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis revealed that TGF-beta 1 mRNA was induced by 450 mg/dl glucose in the medium after 48 to 72 hours, but not after 24 hours. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that mesangial cells incubated in high glucose for 24 hours have a higher percentage of cells in the S-G2 phase of the cell cycle compared with cells grown in normal glucose concentration. After 48 hours of culture in elevated glucose concentration, the percentage of cells in S-G2 phase was decreased, and became comparable to that of cells in normal glucose concentration. However, the addition of neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody stimulated the progression of cells towards S-G2 in high glucose medium after 48 hours. The findings of this study demonstrate a biphasic growth response of mesangial cells when they were cultured in high glucose concentration; initially there was a transient stimulation of replication for 24 to 48 hours followed by a sustained inhibition after longer incubation periods. This inhibition may be mediated by the glucose-induced synthesis and/or bioactivation of TGF-beta which can inhibit proliferation of mesangial cells in an autocrine fashion.
Dutch doctors suspended for use of complementary medicine
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Amsterdam Medical Disciplinary Tribunal has struck off one doctor and suspended two others for their exclusive use of complementary treatments—including “vegatests,” homoeopathic medicine, and food supplements—to treat Sylvia Millecam, the Dutch actor and comedian who died from breast cancer in 2001 at the age of 45 ( BMJ 2004;328: 485).

In the high profile test case for use of complementary medicine the doctors, who were not identified by the tribunal, were judged to have ignored existing standards for treating breast cancer, used unsatisfactory methods, and withheld information during their treatment of Ms Millecam. …
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF A RABBIT RESPIRATORY INFECTION
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

THE BACTERIA CONSTITUTING THE NASAL FLORA OF RABBITS AT THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE MAY BE ENUMERATED AS FOLLOWS IN THE ORDER OF THEIR FREQUENCY: (1) Micrococcus catarrhalis group, 80 per cent; (2) Bacterium lepisepticum, 70 per cent; (3) Gram-negative cocci which ferment dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, and mannite, but not salicin and Bacillus bronchisepticus, 40 per cent; (4) Staphylococci, streptococci, and various intestinal bacilli which probably are localized at the external nares, 10 per cent. Bacterium lepisepticum is the predominating organism in the nasal passages of the rabbits affected with snuffles.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Role in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: RONALD P. DANIELE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Bronchoalveolar lavage has emerged as a useful technique for the study of pulmonary interstitial disorders. Several types of information are provided by the evaluation of lavage fluid. First, the identification of cellular constituents helps to separate inflammatory processes in which lymphocytes predominate (for example, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and berylliosis) from those in which neutrophils or macrophages predominate (for example, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and histiocytosis X). Second, the cells removed during lavage can be studied for their immune properties and function; tested with specific antigens, in diseases such as berylliosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and examined for the presence of unique surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies (for example, histiocytosis X). Third, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and electron probe analysis, lavage makes possible the identification of inorganic particles in alveolar macrophages of patients with pneumoconiotic lung disease. Finally, although lavage is still an investigative procedure for most pulmonary disorders, it has an established role in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised patient.
Determinants of Thyroxine-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Jules Cohen, Julian M. Aroesty, Michael G. Rosenfeld
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Thyroxine was administered to mice to determine whether the cardiac hypertrophy which accompanies experimental thyrotoxicosis is a result of circulatory changes produced by thyroxine, or the result of a hormonal effect on myocardial growth. When mice were fed both reserpine and thyroxine they developed as much cardiac hypertrophy as those fed thyroxine alone, although the circulatory changes associated with thyrotoxicosis were greatly reduced by reserpine treatment. In addition, when mice were injected with synthetic l -thyroxine, the rate of cardiac protein synthesis was increased before any definite circulatory changes were observed. The results suggest an effect of thyroid hormone on cardiac protein synthesis that is independent of the effects of the hormone on the general circulation.
The use of gadolinium-carbon nanostructures to magnetically enhance stem cell retention for cellular cardiomyoplasty
Authors: Lesa A. Tran, Mayra Hernández-Rivera, Ari N. Berlin, Yi Zheng, Luiz Sampaio, Christina Bové, Maria da Graça Cabreira-Hansen, James T. Willerson, Emerson C. Perin, Lon J. Wilson
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
The internalization of mental state discourse contributes to social understanding
Authors: Douglas K. Symons
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Children's exposure to and participation in mental state discourse contributes to their development of social understanding. Vygotsky's mechanism of internalization is used to account for this process, which has advantages of cultural and linguistic universality. If children internalize mental state discourse, however, then their own use of mental state language should be related to social understanding.
New Orleans hospitals better prepared for hurricane than three years ago
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Three critical care patients died while being evacuated from hospitals in New Orleans ahead of hurricane Gustav this week, but general hospitals in the city were better prepared to deal with the oncoming storm than when hurricane Katrina struck almost exactly three years ago.

Nearly two million people from Texas to Alabama fled the Gulf Coast ahead of hurricane Gustav, heeding the warning of Ray Nagin, New Orleans mayor, that “This is still a big ugly storm . . . I strongly urge everyone to leave.”  

Hospitals in New Orleans activated their disaster plans in an attempt to avoid repeating what happened three …
ON THE FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITY OF EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS, ACROKERATOSIS VERRUCIFORMIS AND DISSEMINATED PLANE WARTS
Authors: C. M. ROSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article ON THE FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITY OF EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS, ACROKERATOSIS VERRUCIFORMIS AND DISSEMINATED PLANE WARTS Get access C. M. ROSS C. M. ROSS Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue s7, 1 December 1971, Pages 102–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14121.x Published: 01 December 1971
Retinal Diseases in Children
Authors: James D. Kingham
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The editor states this book is intended not only for the ophthalmologist, but for the pediatrician and internist as well. This reviewer feels, unfortunately, it falls short of its goals by being too esoteric for the pediatrician and not comprehensive enough for the ophthalmologist or retina specialist.  Of outstanding quality are the chapters on tumors of the retina, and the retina and rubella. Of informative value is the chapter on the phakomatoses. Perhaps of most varied interest is the chapter on ocular manifestations of the lipidoses, in which George Spaeth has tried to arrange the abnormalities of lipid metabolism in orderly fashion and then describes the diseases caused by the abnormalities.  The chapter on ocular inflammation is of paramount importance, but its brevity makes it little more than an outline. The chapter, Abnormalities of the Posterior Pole and Pigmentary Retinal Disorders, potentially the most important in the book, falls short.
Estimation of Bromide in Body Fluids
Authors: J. S. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Dermoid cysts of the ovaries are not infrequently bilateral, so it is especially important that the scope of conservative surgery should be realized.Furthermore, they often occur in young women who have their child-bearing future ahead.Enucleation of such cysts is the operation of choice in young women.The operation is easy, tidy, and surprisingly bloodless.I have found diathermy helpful in stopping any slight oozing from the tumour bed.Bonney (1937) has recorded cases similar to the above, and has emphasized that there are many ovarian conditions which, as a general rule, should be treated by conservative surgery.