tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in umbilical cord plasma of neonates from coastal populations in Québec.
Authors: Courtney D Sandau, Pierre Ayotte, Eric Dewailly, Jason Duffe, Ross J Norstrom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (HO-PCBs) and octachlorostyrene (4-HO-HpCS), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were determined in umbilical cord plasma samples from three different regions of Québec. The regions studied included two coastal areas where exposure to PCBs is high because of marine-food-based diets--Nunavik (Inuit people) and the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (subsistence fishermen)--and a southern Québec urban center where PCB exposure is at background levels (Québec City). The main chlorinated phenolic compound in all regions was PCP. Concentrations of PCP were not significantly different among regions (geometric mean concentration 1,670 pg/g, range 628-7,680 pg/g wet weight in plasma). The ratio of PCP to polychlorinated biphenyl congener number 153 (CB153) concentration ranged from 0.72 to 42.3. Sum HO-PCB (sigma HO-PCBs) concentrations were different among regions, with geometric mean concentrations of 553 (range 238-1,750), 286 (103-788), and 234 (147-464) pg/g wet weight plasma for the Lower North Shore, Nunavik, and the southern Québec groups, respectively. Lower North Shore samples also had the highest geometric mean concentration of sum PCBs (sum of 49 congeners; sigma PCBs), 2,710 (525-7,720) pg/g wet weight plasma. sigma PCB concentrations for Nunavik samples and southern samples were 1,510 (309-6,230) and 843 (290-1,650) pg/g wet weight plasma. Concentrations (log transformed) of sigma HO-PCBs and sigma PCBs were significantly correlated (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), as were concentrations of all major individual HO-PCB congeners and individual PCB congeners. In Nunavik and Lower North Shore samples, free thyroxine (T4) concentrations (log transformed) were negatively correlated with the sum of quantitated chlorinated phenolic compounds (sum PCP and sigma HO-PCBs; r = -0.47, p = 0.01, n = 20) and were not correlated with any PCB congeners or sigma PCBs. This suggests that PCP and HO-PCBs are possibly altering thyroid hormone status in newborns, which could lead to neurodevelopmental effects in infants. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of chlorinated phenolic compounds on thyroid hormone status in newborns.
Public antigenic determinant on a family of HLA-B molecules.
Authors: B D Schwartz, L K Luehrman, G E Rodey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Serologic cross-reactivity among allelic gene products commonly occurs in the HLA complex, but the molecular basis of these serologic phenomena is incompletely characterized. Because of strong cross-reactivity among antigens comprising the B7 cross-reactive group (i.e., HLA-B7, Bw22, B27, B40, and Bw42) and because of the association of several antigens of this group with spondyloarthropathies, we initiated a study of the chemical basis of cross-reactivity among this group of antigens. Using classic serologic procedures, 125I-Protein A binding assay, and chemical immunoprecipitation techniques, we have defined a new antigenic determinant, tentatively designated "X", which is present on certain HLA-B molecules. By a series of sequential immunoprecipitation experiments, X was shown to be a "public" antigenic determinant distinct from the "private" determinants B7, Bw22, B27, and B40, but present on the same 44,000-dalton glycoprotein molecules. The implications of this finding regarding disease predisposition and HLA typing as a diagnostic aid are discussed.
Current Dermatologie Management
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An attractive, authoritative, and comprehensive monograph on dermatologic therapy is always most welcome. Dr. Maddin and almost 200 other contributors offer here current information on the diagnosis and treatment of both common and rare skin diseases. In addition, they have included one of the finest collections of color plates published anywhere. Such an endeavor incurs two major pitfalls: first, the continually changing and often empirical nature of the subject, and second, the problem of maintaining consistency with so many authors. Though not without faults, the book overcomes these obstacles rather well. Dermatologic procedures, therapeutic management, and a drug index comprise the book's main subdivisions. The opening section on procedures consists of short practical chapters, each by an acknowledged authority, describing specific techniques or modalities, including such fashionable ones as hair transplants and laser beam therapy. Curiously, an older but still important tool, x-ray therapy, has been omitted. Two thirds of
Comparison of contractile performance of canine atrial and ventricular muscles.
Authors: F Urthaler, A A Walker, L L Hefner, T N James
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

This study compared the contractile performance of a canine right atrial trabecula with that of a macroscopically indistinguishable trabecula isolated from the right ventricular apex. The heart was removed from nine mongrel puppies weighing 6-8 kg and placed in Krebs-Ringer's bicarbonate solution. The bathing solution contained only 1.25 mmoles of Ca2+ and was bubbled with a 95% O2-5% CO2 gas mixture. Each atrial trabecula was specially selected from the right atrial appendage. Histologically, these trabeculae showed a remarkable longitudinal orientation of the fibers. At Lmax (the length of the muscle at which developed tension was maximum) under identical conditions of temperature, rate of stimulation, ionic milieu, pH, and O2 and CO2 supply, right atrial trabeculae achieved the same developed and total tensions but in a much shorter time than did ventricular trabeculae. In both muscle groups the maximum developed tension averaged about 2.5 g/mm2. Since Lo (expressed as a fraction of Lmax) was less in atrial muscle than it was in ventribular muscle, we concluded that atrial muscle can be stretched considerably more than can ventricular muscle before optimum length is reached. At any given initial muscle length, the maximum of tension rise for atrial trabeculae amounted to at least twice that for ventricular trabeculae. At any given load up to 1.5 g/mm2, the maximum velocity of shortening of an atrial trabecula was about three to four times that of a ventricular trabecula. These results collectively indicate that the contractile performance of the right atrial muscle is in many respects superior to that of the right ventricle, at least under the conditions of these experiments.
Molecular Consequences of Genetic Variations in the Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Selenoenzyme
Authors: Pin Zhuo, Marci Goldberg, Lauren Herman, Bao-Shiang Lee, Hengbing Wang, Rhonda L. Brown, Charles B. Foster, Ulrike Peters, Alan M. Diamond
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Accumulating data have implicated the selenium-containing cytosolic glutathione peroxidase, GPx-1, as a determinant of cancer risk and a mediator of the chemopreventive properties of selenium. Genetic variants of GPx-1 have been shown to be associated with cancer risk for several types of malignancies. To investigate the relationship between GPx-1 enzyme activity and genotype, we measured GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels in human lymphocytes as a function of the presence of two common variations: a leucine/proline polymorphism at codon 198 and a variable number of alanine-repeat codons. Differences in GPx activity among these cell lines, as well as in the response to the low-level supplementation of the media with selenium, indicated that factors other than just genotype are significant in determining activity. To restrict the study to genotypic effects, human MCF-7 cells were engineered to exclusively express allelic variants representing a combination of either a codon 198 leucine or proline and either 5 or 7 alanine-repeat codons following transfection of GPx-1 expression constructs. Transfectants were selected and analyzed for GPx-1 enzyme activity and protein levels. GPx-1 with 5 alanines and a leucine at codon 198 showed a significantly higher induction when cells were incubated with selenium and showed a distinct pattern of thermal denaturation as compared with GPx-1 encoded by the other examined alleles. The collective data obtained using both lymphocytes and MCF-7 indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors cooperate to ultimately determine the levels of this enzyme available to protect cells against DNA damage and mutagenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):8183–90]
Electrocardiographic Investigation of 264 Cases of Hypertension
Authors: P. Bechgaard
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Progress as In-Follow-up Symptoms patient 15 44 months 8 days Right ear: swelling above and in front 2 days after admission: otorrhoea 29 days Right mastoid abscess 4 months later.of pinna, pushing it down and out; ceased.5 days: swelling gone;Right otitis media 6 months later.no fluctuation; slight discharge drum appears normal. 8days: Bilateral otitis media 8 months and from myringotomy incision, per-diarrhoea.9 days: vomiting also.again 11 months formed 2 days before admission.10 days: temperature and pulse Radiograph: " A few infected rates raised; right zygoma feels zygomatic cells on the right side" warmer, and is slightly reddened and more prominent than the oppo- site side; right cortical mastoidec- tomy performed; the major part of mastoid process normal, but a chain of infected zygomatic cells found.
96 SEMAPHORIN7A, A NEW PLAYER IN HEPATIC FIBROSIS: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: S. De Minicis, C. Rychlicki, L. Agostinelli, L. Trozzi, C. Candelaresi, S. Saccomanno, R. Bataller, E. Juez, M. Marzioni, A. Benedetti, G. Svegliati-Baroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The Medical Miscellany; An Essential Medical Miscellany
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I may be the wrong sort of person to be reviewing these books. The trouble is that I have never been quite sure what the purpose of a miscellany is. I remember one of my friend's parents used to keep various miscellanies in the lavatory. It always seemed a bit of an affectation to me—an irritating attempt at being whimsical. Possibly I was a little unforgiving as a child.

Whether you will like a miscellany at all is, I suspect, dependent on how well you tolerate whimsy. Personally I like a theme in a …
Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Niemann–Pick Disease Using Gene Expression Analysis of Acid Sphingomyelinase Knockout Mice
Authors: Rajwinder Dhami, Marco A. Passini, Edward H. Schuchman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Although several therapies are available or being developed for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), assessment of therapeutic efficacy is challenged by the lack of markers to assess disease progression and severity. This is particularly true for rare diseases such as LSDs, since natural history data from human populations are often lacking. Herein we describe the use of gene expression analysis in the acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mouse model (ASMKO) of Types A and B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) to identify novel serum biomarkers. We used microarray and real-time PCR analyses to compare mRNA expression in ASMKO and normal mice in two important sites of pathology, lung and brain, and from these data identified and validated several potential biomarkers. The cytokine MIP-1alpha was markedly elevated in ASMKO mouse serum, and following enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) it was reduced to normal levels. Total iron levels were similarly elevated in ASMKO mice, reflective of the elevated ferritin light chain transcript, and decreased to normal after ERT. Serum growth hormone levels were also elevated in ASMKO mice and were reduced to normal after brain-directed gene therapy, but not ERT. These studies illustrate the value of gene expression analysis for the identification of biomarkers, and provide new insight into the pathobiology of NPD.
TCT-245 Ten-Year Trends in Sex-differences of Treatments and Mortality in ST-elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in Northern Italy, 2000-2010
Authors: Giuseppe Ferrante, Elena Corrada, Cristina Mazzali, Pietro Barbieri, Luca Merlino, Piera A. Merlini, Patrizia Presbitero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Three point mutations in the factor IX genes of five hemophilia B patients. Identification strategy using localization by altered epitopes in their hemophilic proteins.
Authors: S H Chen, A R Thompson, M Zhang, C R Scott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In five patients with hemophilia B and detectable Factor IX antigen, altered reactivity to a specific polyclonal antibody fraction or monoclonal anti-Factor IX antibodies was noted. Amplification of selected portions of their Factor IX genes by polymerase chain reaction allowed rapid identification of a single base transition in each of the five families tested. In a patient with severe hemophilia and an altered calcium binding domain, a G to A transition in exon II changed the codon for Glu-27 to Lys (Factor IXSeattle 3). Patients from two families with mild hemophilia with decreased reactivity to a MAb that binds to a site within the sequence coded for by exon IV had a G to A transition changing the codon for Gly-60 to Ser (Factor IXDurham). Two unrelated patients with moderately severe hemophilia lacked reactivity to another murine monoclonal anti-Factor IX which binds to an epitope in the amino-terminal half of the heavy chain of Factor IXa. In these patients, exon VIII contained a G to A transition changing Arg-248 to Gln (Factor IXSeattle 4).
Ramelteon and the Prevention of Delirium
Authors: Robert H. Howland
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Florence Nightingale's fever
Authors: D A B Young
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The aim of this study was to evaluate various methods for estimating the metabolic rate of glucose utilization in the mouse brain (cMR<sub>glc</sub>) using small-animal PET and reliable blood curves derived by a microfluidic blood sampler. Typical values of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG rate constants of normal mouse cerebral cortex were estimated and used for cMR<sub>glc</sub> calculations. The feasibility of using the image-derived liver time–activity curve as a surrogate input function in various quantification methods was also evaluated. <b>Methods:</b> Thirteen normoglycemic C57BL/6 mice were studied. Eighteen blood samples were taken from the femoral artery by the microfluidic blood sampler. Tissue time–activity curves were derived from PET images. cMR<sub>glc</sub> values were calculated using 2 different input functions (one derived from the blood samples [IF<sub>blood</sub>] and the other from the liver time–activity curve [IF<sub>liver</sub>]) in various quantification methods, which included the 3-compartment <sup>18</sup>F-FDG model (from which the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG rate constants were derived), the Patlak analysis, and operational equations. The estimated cMR<sub>glc</sub> value based on IF<sub>blood</sub> and the 3-compartment model served as a standard for comparisons with the cMR<sub>glc</sub> values calculated by the other methods. <b>Results:</b> The values of \(\mathrm{K}_{1}^{{\ast}}\) , \(k_{2}^{{\ast}}\) , \(k_{3}^{{\ast}}\) , \(k_{4}^{{\ast}}\) , and \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{FDG}}^{{\ast}}\) estimated by IF<sub>blood</sub> and the 3-compartment model were 0.22 ± 0.05 mL/min/g, 0.48 ± 0.09 min<sup>−1</sup>, 0.06 ± 0.02 min<sup>−1</sup>, 0.025 ± 0.010 min<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.024 ± 0.007 mL/min/g, respectively. The standard cMR<sub>glc</sub> value was, therefore, 40.6 ± 13.3 μmol/100 g/min (lumped constant = 0.6). No significant difference between the standard cMR<sub>glc</sub> and the cMR<sub>glc</sub> estimated by the operational equation that includes \(k_{4}^{{\ast}}\) was observed. The standard cMR<sub>glc</sub> was also found to have strong correlations (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.8) with the cMR<sub>glc</sub> value estimated by the use of IF<sub>liver</sub> in the 3-compartment model and with those estimated by the Patlak analysis (using either IF<sub>blood</sub> or IF<sub>liver</sub>). <b>Conclusion:</b> The <sup>18</sup>F-FDG rate constants of normal mouse cerebral cortex were determined. These values can be used in the \(k_{4}^{{\ast}}\) -included operational equation to calculate cMR<sub>glc</sub>. IF<sub>liver</sub> can be used to estimate cMR<sub>glc</sub> in most methods included in this study, with proper linear corrections applied. The validity of using the Patlak analysis for estimating cMR<sub>glc</sub> in mouse PET studies was also confirmed.
Membrane-associated C-reactive protein on rat liver macrophages is synthesized within the macrophages, expressed as Neo–C-reactive protein and bound through a C-reactive protein-specific membrane receptor
Authors: Christine Egenhofer, Kathrin Alsdorff, Karin Fehsel, Victoria Kolb-Bachofen
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We could recently show that rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) express a membrane-bound form of C-reactive protein on their surface. Because it is removed by washing the cells in buffers containing Ca(++)-chelators, membrane-bound C-reactive protein is a peripheral protein rather than an integral part of the Kupffer cell membrane. This Kupffer cell membrane-bound C-reactive protein is identical to the galactose-specific particle receptor previously characterized. We now present evidence that Kupffer cells do not acquire soluble serum C-reactive protein but synthesize their own membrane-bound C-reactive protein. By RNA-RNA in situ hybridization, it was found that hepatocytes are not the only sort of liver cells synthesizing C-reactive protein, but C-reactive protein-specific mRNA is present also in Kupffer cells. During acute-phase response C-reactive protein mRNA is found in increased amounts within liver macrophages too. Furthermore, by labeling experiments with antisera against native, pentameric soluble serum C-reactive protein and monoclonal antibodies against a neoepitope present on C-reactive protein subunits only, we could establish that the membrane-bound C-reactive protein expressed on the liver macrophage is not the pentameric molecule of soluble serum C-reactive protein, but rather consists of C-reactive protein subunits. Finally, we present evidence that liver macrophages contain a binding protein in their plasma membrane, with an apparent molecular weight of 59 to 61kD, specific for C-reactive protein and similar to the one previously isolated from macrophage cell lines.
Good doctors: safer patients--the Chief Medical Officer's prescription for regulating doctors
Authors: D. Irvine
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

The Chief Medical Officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, has recently published his recommendations1 on how the government should respond to the serious criticisms of medical regulation and the General Medical Council made by Dame Janet Smith in her final report of the Shipman Inquiry.2 In a thoughtful and well-written report, he places the regulation of doctors within the wider set of systems for improving and quality assuring modern practice. Doctoring is at the heart of the healthcare system. Sir Liam's focus throughout is, therefore, on how to make sure that in future everyone in the UK who needs a doctor gets a good doctor.3 It means that patients should feel they can trust any doctor without even having to think about it,2 and that doctors themselves would entrust members of their family to any colleague without a moment's hesitation.
Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Cell Transplantation Into the Brain With Radially Branched Deployment
Authors: Matthew T Silvestrini, Dali Yin, Alastair J Martin, Valerie G Coppes, Preeti Mann, Paul S Larson, Philip A Starr, Xianmin Zeng, Nalin Gupta, S S Panter, Tejal A Desai, Daniel A Lim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Intracerebral cell transplantation is being pursued as a treatment for many neurological diseases, and effective cell delivery is critical for clinical success. To facilitate intracerebral cell transplantation at the scale and complexity of the human brain, we developed a platform technology that enables radially branched deployment (RBD) of cells to multiple target locations at variable radial distances and depths along the initial brain penetration tract with real-time interventional magnetic resonance image (iMRI) guidance. iMRI-guided RBD functioned as an "add-on" to standard neurosurgical and imaging workflows, and procedures were performed in a commonly available clinical MRI scanner. Multiple deposits of super paramagnetic iron oxide beads were safely delivered to the striatum of live swine, and distribution to the entire putamen was achieved via a single cannula insertion in human cadaveric heads. Human embryonic stem cell–derived dopaminergic neurons were biocompatible with the iMRI-guided RBD platform and successfully delivered with iMRI guidance into the swine striatum. Thus, iMRI-guided RBD overcomes some of the technical limitations inherent to the use of straight cannulas and standard stereotactic targeting. This platform technology could have a major impact on the clinical translation of a wide range of cell therapeutics for the treatment of many neurological diseases. Intracerebral cell transplantation is being pursued as a treatment for many neurological diseases, and effective cell delivery is critical for clinical success. To facilitate intracerebral cell transplantation at the scale and complexity of the human brain, we developed a platform technology that enables radially branched deployment (RBD) of cells to multiple target locations at variable radial distances and depths along the initial brain penetration tract with real-time interventional magnetic resonance image (iMRI) guidance. iMRI-guided RBD functioned as an "add-on" to standard neurosurgical and imaging workflows, and procedures were performed in a commonly available clinical MRI scanner. Multiple deposits of super paramagnetic iron oxide beads were safely delivered to the striatum of live swine, and distribution to the entire putamen was achieved via a single cannula insertion in human cadaveric heads. Human embryonic stem cell–derived dopaminergic neurons were biocompatible with the iMRI-guided RBD platform and successfully delivered with iMRI guidance into the swine striatum. Thus, iMRI-guided RBD overcomes some of the technical limitations inherent to the use of straight cannulas and standard stereotactic targeting. This platform technology could have a major impact on the clinical translation of a wide range of cell therapeutics for the treatment of many neurological diseases.