tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two distinct subtypes of hepatitis B virus–related acute liver failure are separable by quantitative serum immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B virus DNA levels
Authors: Doan Y. Dao, Linda S. Hynan, He-Jun Yuan, Corron Sanders, Jody Balko, Nahid Attar, Anna S.F. Lok, Ann R. Word, William M. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute liver failure (HBV-ALF) may occur after acute HBV infection (AHBV-ALF) or during an exacerbation of chronic HBV infection (CHBV-ALF). Clinical differentiation of the two is often difficult if a previous history of HBV is not available. Quantitative measurements of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) titers and of HBV viral loads (VLs) might allow the separation of AHBV-ALF from CHBV-ALF. Of 1,602 patients with ALF, 60 met clinical criteria for AHBV-ALF and 27 for CHBV-ALF. Sera were available on 47 and 23 patients, respectively. A quantitative immunoassay was used to determine IgM anti-HBc levels, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) was used to determine HBV VLs. AHBV-ALFs had much higher IgM anti-HBc titers than CHBV-ALFs (signal-to-noise [S/N] ratio median: 88.5; range, 0-1,120 versus 1.3, 0-750; P < 0.001); a cut point for a S/N ratio of 5.0 correctly identified 44 of 46 (96%) AHBV-ALFs and 16 of 23 (70%) CHBV-ALFs; the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.86 (P < 0.001). AHBV-ALF median admission VL was 3.9 (0-8.1) log10 IU/mL versus 5.2 (2.0-8.7) log10 IU/mL for CHBV-ALF (P < 0.025). Twenty percent (12 of 60) of the AHBV-ALF group had no hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detectable on admission to study, wheras no CHBV-ALF patients experienced HBsAg clearance. Rates of transplant-free survival were 33% (20 of 60) for AHBV-ALF versus 11% (3 of 27) for CHBV-ALF (P = 0.030).AHBV-ALF and CHBV-ALF differ markedly in IgM anti-HBc titers, in HBV VLs, and in prognosis, suggesting that the two forms are, indeed, different entities that might each have a unique pathogenesis.
Clinical Assessment of Combined Organ Imaging in the Diagnosis of Subphrenic Abscesses
Authors: JOSE E. SALAMANCA, ROBERT C. STADALNIK, GERALD L. DeNARDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

SALAMANCA, JOSE E. M.D.; STADALNIK, ROBERT C. M.D.*; DeNARDO, GERALD L. M.D. Author Information
784 IRF-1 GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN HCV PATIENTS WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN COMBINATION THERAPHY
Authors: A. Dominguez-Lopez, M.S. Sixtos-Alonso, N. Bueno-Hernandez, F. Sanchez-Munoz, J.F. Sanchez-Avila, M. Uribe-Esquivel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
IL-13 blockade reduces lung inflammation after Ascaris suum challenge in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Andrea Bree, Franklin J. Schlerman, Michael Wadanoli, Lioudmila Tchistiakova, Kimberly Marquette, Xiang-Yang Tan, Bruce A. Jacobson, Angela Widom, Timothy A. Cook, Nancy Wood, Suresh Vunnum, Rustem Krykbaev, Xin Xu, Debra D. Donaldson, Samuel J. Goldman, Joseph Sypek, Marion T. Kasaian
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Serum Neutralizing Antibody After Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: LAWRENCE COREY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

One hundred seventy-seven persons submitted specimens for serum neutralizing antibody titer detreminations 30 to 90 days after starting postexposure rabies prophylaxis. Ninety-two percent of those who received duck embryo vaccine alone developed adequate antibody titers. However, 23% of those who received equine antirabies serum plus duck embryo vaccine failed to develop an adequate antibody titer; one of these inadequate responders subsequently died of rabies. Factors that increased the risk of a poor antibody response included the receipt of steroids during the course of postexposure prophylaxis, and the use of more than 55 lu/kg of equine antirabies serum. Many persons receiving postexposure rabies prophylaxis fail to develop adequate humoral immunity and may have an increased risk of developing rabies. We suggest that persons receiving postexposure rabies prophylaxis should have serum neutralizing antibody determinations 30 to 40 days after starting treatment.
Comparison of haemodynamic responses to dopamine and salbutamol in severe cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: A D Timmis, M B Fowler, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Twelve patients with severe persistent cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction underwent single crossover treatment with intravenous dopamine and salbutamol to determine the more beneficial therapy. Salbutamol (10 to 40 microgram/min) reduced systemic vascular resistance and progressively increased both cardiac index and stroke index. Heart rate increased from 95 to 104 beats/min. Changes in mean arterial pressure and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure were small and insignificant. Dopamine infusion at rates of 200 and 400 micrograms/min also increased cardiac index and stroke index. Systemic vascular resistance fell slightly but mean arterial pressure rose from 57 to 65 mm Hg. Heart rate increased from 95 to 105 beats/min. Changes in pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure were again small and insignificant. Dopamine infusion at 800 micrograms/min caused an appreciable increase in systemic vascular resistance; a further increment in mean arterial pressure was observed, though cardiac index fell slightly. Heart rate and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure rose steeply. Salbutamol, a vasodilator, increased cardiac output in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction but did not influence blood pressure. If correction of hypotension is essential dopamine in low doses may be the preferred agent. Doses of 800 microgram/min, which is within the therapeutic range, worsen other manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction.
Induced ovulation in underweight women
Authors: V. Osgood, J. Ginsburg
Journal: BMJ (1988)

insulin to cover meals there is likely to be sufficient B cell failure for continuation ofa sulphonylurea to be of marginal benefit, and it can be withdrawn.Simple guidelines on the use of tablets and insulin4 can cater for most patients until long term studies show a different regimen to be particularly bene- ficial.
Case of Infantile Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: I. Coll, D. L. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1958)

A 33-year-old male professional football player suffered from acute-onset dizziness following a lower limb soft tissue treatment in prone lying. Symptoms included spinning vertigo lasting for 309s, headache, visual vertigo and disorientation. Clinical examination of balance and vestibular systems confirmed a left posterior canalithiasis benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and excluded other central and peripheral causes of dizziness. Two cycles of a left Epley manoeuvre were performed. An Epley manoeuvre abolished the BPPV and negated the need for medication. The player was able to return to play without dizziness within 24 hours completely symptom free. BPPV can be successfully identified and treated in elite football players and they can see a return to training and games within 24 hours. There are no epidemiology studies for this group of elite athletes either male or female despite increased occupational risk factors.
Fewer children in England and Wales are dying violently, figures show
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of children dying from assault in England and Wales has fallen substantially over the past 30 years, show the latest figures. However, they also indicate that violent deaths among older teenage boys have risen.

Researchers from the University of Warwick analysed mortality data from the Office of National Statistics that showed cause of death together with crime reports from the Home Office to calculate rates of violent death among children in different age groups. 

The analysis showed that the annual rate of deaths from assault fell dramatically from 1974 to 2008. The number of infants (<12 months old) …
Dietary Protein and Weight Reduction
Authors: Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Barbara V. Howard, T. Elaine Prewitt, Vicki Bovee, Terry Bazzarre, Robert H. Eckel
Journal: Circulation (2001)

High-protein diets have recently been proposed as a “new” strategy for successful weight loss. However, variations of these diets have been popular since the 1960s. High-protein diets typically offer wide latitude in protein food choices, are restrictive in other food choices (mainly carbohydrates), and provide structured eating plans. They also often promote misconceptions about carbohydrates, insulin resistance, ketosis, and fat burning as mechanisms of action for weight loss. Although these diets may not be harmful for most healthy people for a short period of time, there are no long-term scientific studies to support their overall efficacy and safety. These diets are generally associated with higher intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol because the protein is provided mainly by animal sources. In high-protein diets, weight loss is initially high due to fluid loss related to reduced carbohydrate intake, overall caloric restriction, and ketosis-induced appetite suppression. Beneficial effects on blood lipids and insulin resistance are due to the weight loss, not to the change in caloric composition. Promoters of high-protein diets promise successful results by encouraging high-protein food choices that are usually restricted in other diets, thus providing initial palatability, an attractive alternative to other weight-reduction diets that have not worked for a variety of reasons for most individuals. High-protein diets are not recommended because they restrict healthful foods that provide essential nutrients and do not provide the variety of foods needed to adequately meet nutritional needs. Individuals who follow these diets are therefore at risk for compromised vitamin and mineral intake, as well as potential cardiac, renal, bone, and liver abnormalities overall.
Recurrence of a Familial Giant Multilocular Cardiac Myxoma in a Patient With Carney's Complex
Authors: Felix Guenther, Matthias Siepe, Christian Schlensak, Konrad Aumann, Alexandra Anton, Wolf-Dirk Niesen, Filiz Markfeld-Erol, Christoph Bode, Annette Geibel
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Thalidomide for the Treatment of Oral Aphthous Ulcers in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Jeffrey M. Jacobson, John S. Greenspan, John Spritzler, Nzeera Ketter, John L. Fahey, J. Brooks Jackson, Lawrence Fox, Miriam Chernoff, Albert W. Wu, Laurie A. MacPhail, Guillermo J. Vasquez, David A. Wohl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, aphthous ulceration of the mouth and oropharynx can become extensive and debilitating. Preliminary reports suggest that thalidomide may promote the healing of oral aphthous ulcers.
Suppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic β cells against oxidative stress
Authors: Belinda Gier, Peter Krippeit-Drews, Tatiana Sheiko, Lydia Aguilar-Bryan, Joseph Bryan, Martina Düfer, Gisela Drews
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The enhanced oxidative stress associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to disease pathogenesis. We previously identified plasma membrane–associated ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels of pancreatic β cells as targets for oxidants. Here, we examined the effects of genetic and pharmacologic ablation of KATP channels on loss of mouse β cell function and viability following oxidative stress. Using mice lacking the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (Sur1) subunit of KATP channels, we found that, compared with insulin secretion by WT islets, insulin secretion by Sur1–/– islets was less susceptible to oxidative stress induced by the oxidant H2O2. This was likely, at least in part, a result of the reduced ability of H2O2 to hyperpolarize plasma membrane potential and reduce cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in the Sur1–/– β cells. Remarkably, Sur1–/– β cells were less prone to apoptosis induced by H2O2 or an NO donor than WT β cells, despite an enhanced basal rate of apoptosis. This protective effect was attributed to upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and reduced sensitivity of Sur1–/– cells to H2O2-induced apoptosis were mimicked by treatment with the sulfonylureas tolbutamide and gliclazide. Enzyme upregulation and protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis were abrogated by agents lowering [Ca2+]c. Sur1–/– mice were less susceptible than WT mice to streptozotocin-induced β cell destruction and subsequent hyperglycemia and death, which suggests that loss of KATP channel activity may protect against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vivo.
Increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation differentiates obese women with T2DM from obese women with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Lianne van Beek, Mirjam A. Lips, Annemieke Visser, Hanno Pijl, Andreea Ioan-Facsinay, René Toes, Frits J. Berends, Ko Willems van Dijk, Frits Koning, Vanessa van Harmelen
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
1081-58 Long-term (seven-year) outcomes after bare metal coronary stenting for unprotected left main coronary stenosis
Authors: Shinichi Shirai, Kenji Ando, Kei Nishiyama, Takashi Yamada, Jiro Ando, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome
Authors: G. H. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1948)

The association of retinitis pigmentosa with polydactylism was recorded in 1860 by Laurence and Moon and the Fr6hlich syndrome in 1901.Biedl in 1921 described the pentad of polydactylism, obesity, hypogenitalia, retinitis pigmentosa, and mental retardation, with a familial occur- rence; the association being now known as the Laurence- Moon-Biedl syndrome.Variants have also been described by Biesmond, Van Bogaert, and by Delhaye in which coloboma of the iris replaced the retinal degeneration.Graefe in 1866 described optic atrophy as complicating oxycephaly, but not of the pigmentary degenerative type (Duke-Elder, 1940; Ridley and Sorsby, 1940).Mann (1937), however, records oxycephaly as one of the skeletal abnormalities which may be present with the syndrome.Retinitis pigmentosa occurs much more often as an isolated disability than in combination with other dis- abilities.Nettleship worked out many pedigrees in which there was no other defect.Usher obtained similar results when searching especially for combined defects.In the Eugenics Laboratory Memoirs (1922) is reported a series of 914 cases, in 656 of which the patients suffered from retinitis pigmentosa alone.Deaf-mutism, or mental deficiency, occurred in 96 cases (10.41 %), and was the commonest associated affliction.In only 9 cases (less than %) was polydactylism noted; such a combination is therefore rare.The genealogical tables constructed showed that retinitis pigmentosa could apparently be transmitted as an inherited Mendelian dominant, or recessive, or sex-linked character, whereas the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome occurred as a recessive Mendelian type (Eugenics Laboratory Memoirs, 1922).Pathological evidence of pituitary abnormality has gener- ally been indefinite and disappointing.Dax (1938), how- ever, reported the presence in the blood and urine, but not in the cerebrospinal fluid, of a substance which was melanophore-expanding in frogs and caused a visible
From Optogenetic Technologies to Neuromodulation Therapies
Authors: Justin C. Williams, Timothy Denison
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Optogenetics field of optogenetics has provided new insight into neuronal communication and complex brain function. Now, scientists eagerly anticipate clinical application of this technology, with the hope that it will help improve treatments for various neurological disorders. However, the translational hurdles are high. In this Perspective, we highlight the technical, practical, and regulatory hurdles that lie ahead along the path towards making optogenetic neuromodulation therapies a reality in the clinic.
On the Definition and Teaching of the Medical Ethic
Authors: Carleton B. Chapman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

NEARLY 30 years ago, Dean Willard Sperry of the Harvard Divinity School published a small book entitled The Ethical Basis of Medical Practice. It turned out to be a landmark of sorts, and the reason is contained in an offhand comment that appears half-way through the volume. Speaking of the AMA's code of ethics, a 22-page printed document, Dean Sperry said that "...the patient's stake in the matter is not always as clearly envisaged as it might be."1 Dean Sperry's comment was a polite understatement. From 1847, when the AMA adopted its first code of ethics, to the present . . .
Sarcoglycan, the heart, and skeletal muscles: new treatment, old drug?
Authors: Jeffrey A. Towbin, Neil E. Bowles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

dystrophin and to the sarcolemma at the COOH-terminal through its interaction with the oligomeric membrane complex known as the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), which includes the sarcoglycan (α , β, γ, δ, e) and dystroglycan (α , β) subcomplexes (9) (Figure 1). Interestingly, all of the known DCM-causing genes have been previously shown to cause skeletal myopathy, and mutations in the DAPC proteins are important causes of skeletal muscle disease (8, 10). Mouse models with defective sarcoglycan genes have all shown associated cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in mice and humans), while patients with sarcoglycan deficiency have associated DCM in about 30% of cases (11). In the δ-sarcoglycan‐deficient mouse, abnormalities of the coronary arteries were also found, resulting in ischemia (2). The mechanism has been speculated to be disruption of the sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex in vascular smooth muscle. In contradistinction, patients with heterozygous δ-sarcoglycan mutations resulting in autosomal dominant DCM or sporadic DCM had normal coronary
Monitoring cot death rates.
Authors: R. R. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

by the authors are prerequisites for any major collaborative audit, and the enthusiasm with which general practitioners in Manchester have accepted the task of improving their standards in the care of diabetes, in collaboration with consultant colleagues, suggests great achievements ahead.We have similar schemes for antenatal care, hypertension, and radiology as well as for facilitating audit in individual practices.Of course, as the authors identified, this work raises educational needs, and we are addressing these.My argument with Berwick and colleagues is that, in the longer term, quality and outcomes as assessed by patients will be seen as clear objectives and that formal audit, though the main tool, may not be all that medical audit advisory groups find themselves asked to do.Already practices are asking for help with organisation and management as well as audit.Perhaps by the end of the decade we shall be restyling ourselves medical quality management groups.
GMC impartiality double standards
Authors: P. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2013)

My complaint about Dr Mullen to the General Medical Council (GMC) originated in the MIST trial.1 2 3 He was one of three “responsible authors” of a paper reporting results.3 Dr Nightingale and I told the other steering committee members that we would not be authors because the paper contained false statements.4 We were vindicated when Circulation published an extensive correction, data supplement, and new version of the paper.4 Misleading information about the results was …
Cholestatic Hepatitis Caused by Penicillamine
Authors: Carter V. Multz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

VALUABLE as a slow-acting remission-inducing agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, penicillamine has gained progressive acceptance and increasing use throughout the world. Physicians should be alert to penicillamine as another agent capable of provoking cholestatic hepatitis, an infrequently described but important reaction. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Therapy with penicillamine, 250 mg/ day, was started in a 53-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis of seven years' duration, which had been in severe exacerbation for three months. Because of the severity of her disease, the dosage was advanced rapidly to 500 mg/day after a week and 750 mg/day during the third week. Nausea, weakness, anorexia, and dark urine followed a week later. She was jaundiced and her liver edge was 3 cm below the right costal margin. She simultaneously experienced a marked amelioration of her rheumatoid disease. The penicillamine therapy was discontinued. A liver biopsy specimen and transhepatic cholangiogram demonstrated cholestatic hepatitis
MAXIMUM SUV OBTAINED FROM CORONAL IMAGES RECONSTRUCTED WITH AN EVEN NUMBER OF SLICES IS DIFFERENT FROM THAT OBTAINED WITH AN ODD NUMBER RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: S H Kim, C K Kim, B R Krynyckyi, S C Kim, D W Kim, K Knesaurek, J Machac
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Black Leadership Initiative Expands Local Efforts
Authors: L. Baute
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Black Leadership Initiative Expands Local Efforts Get access Linda Baute Linda Baute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Page 93, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.93 Published: 17 January 1990
Phase I/II study evaluating early tolerance in breast cancer patients undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation treated with MammoSite balloon breast brachytherapy catheter using a two-day dose schedule.
Authors: MF Wallace, AA Martinez, PY Chen, MI Ghilezan, PR Benitez, E Brown, FA Vicini
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5131 Purpose: Initial phase I/II results utilizing balloon brachytherapy to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in only 2-days in patients with early stage breast cancer are presented.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: From 3/2004 – 8/2007, 45 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy with balloon brachytherapy in a phase I/II trial delivering 2800 cGy in 4 fractions of 700 cGy to a depth of 1 cm from the applicator surface. Inclusion criteria for the protocol included: (1) patient age &amp;gt; 40 years, (2) pathological confirmation of stage 0/I/II breast carcinoma, (3) &amp;gt; 3 cm tumor size, (4) &amp;lt; 3 pathologically positive lymph nodes, and (5) negative margins (per NSABP criteria). Toxicities were evaluated using the NCI CTAE v3.0 scale and cosmesis (Harvard Criteria) was documented at &amp;gt; 6 months.&amp;#x2028; Results: The median age was 66 years (48-83) and median skin spacing was 12 mm (8-24). The median follow-up was 11.4 months (5.4-48 mo) with 20 patients (44%) followed greater than one year, 11 (24%) greater than 2 years and 6 (13%) greater than 3 years. At &amp;lt; 6 mo (n=45), grade II toxicity rates were 9% radiation dermatitis (n=4), 13% breast pain (n=6), 2% edema (n=1), and 2% hyperpigmentation (n=1). Grade III breast pain was reported in 13% (n=6). At &amp;gt; 6 months (n=43), grade II radiation dermatitis, induration, and hypopigmentation were 2% (n=1), grade III breast pain was reported in 2% (n=1). Infection was 16% (n=7) at &amp;lt; 6 mo and 2% (n=1) at &amp;gt; 6 mo. Of these pts, only 4% (n=2) had a positive culture, whereas the others were treated empirically due to brisk erythema. Persistent seroma &amp;gt; 6 months was 30% (n=13). FN was seen in 9% (n=4), but only 1 pt required treatment. Rib fracture was seen in 5% (n=2). Cosmesis was good/excellent in 96% and fair in 4%.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Treatment with balloon brachytherapy using a 2-day dose schedule resulted acceptable rates of grade II/III chronic toxicity rates and similar cosmetic results observed with standard 5-day APBI schedule. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5131.