tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
p21 <i> <sup>Cip1</sup> </i> Levels Differentially Regulate Turnover of Mature Endothelial Cells, Endothelial Progenitor Cells, and In Vivo Neovascularization
Authors: Tom Brühl, Christopher Heeschen, Alexandra Aicher, Amir S. Jadidi, Judith Haendeler, Jörg Hoffmann, Michael D. Schneider, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler, Lothar Rössig
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

p21 Cip1 (p21) controls cell cycle progression and apoptosis in mature endothelial cells (ECs) and regulates size and cycling of the hematopoietic progenitor cell pool. Because circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to postnatal neovascularization in addition to mature ECs, we investigated the regulation of ECs and EPCs in p21-deficient mice. Mature aortic EC proliferation was increased in homozygous p21 −/− and heterozygous p21 +/− mice, in which p21 protein levels are reduced to one third of wild-type (WT). In contrast, apoptosis sensitivity was increased by 3.5-fold only in p21 −/− , but not in p21 +/− mice. Consistently, in vivo apoptosis of ECs within areas of neovascularization was elevated in p21 −/− but not in p21 +/− mice. EPC numbers were elevated 2-fold in p21 −/− mice compared with WT ( P &lt;0.001), and clonal expansion capacity of EPCs was increased from 25±4 (WT) to 57±8 colony-forming units in p21 −/− mice ( P &lt;0.005). EPC numbers and expansion were likewise increased in p21 +/− mice. As the integrative endpoint, in vivo neovascularization reflecting all p21-affected parameters was increased over WT only in p21 +/− ( P &lt;0.001), but not in p21 −/− mice. In conclusion, reduced p21 protein levels of mice lacking one p21 allele are associated with increased proliferation of ECs and EPCs, whereas survival of ECs to apoptotic stimuli in vitro and in vivo is not impaired. Under these conditions, neovascularization was increased. In contrast, complete p21 deficiency did not result in an increased neovascularization despite increased mature EC and EPC proliferation. This may be due to the sensitization of ECs against apoptosis.
Claw Toes: An Early Sign of Lumbar Diskogenic Disease
Authors: Gerald E. Rubacky
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  After a recent review of a large number (over 300) of preoperative and postoperative patients with lumbar disk disease or claw toes, or both, I feel I have excellent clinical evidence to support my thesis that lumbar diskogenic disease is now the most common cause of clawing of the toes. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, I make no clinical distinction between claw toes and hammer toes. I do, however, differentiate between functional and true claw toes, the former being apparent but with no fixed deformity.  More than 75% of our patients with claw toes had lumbar disk disease as proved by myelogram or surgery. Moreover, there was an 83% side correlation, that is, the foot exhibiting the most severe clawing of the toes was on the same side as the most severe sciatica.  Clawing of the toes is due to weakness or atrophy of the lumbricales,
Mechanisms of early death despite thrombolytic therapy: Experience from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II (TIMI II) study
Authors: Neal S Kielman, Michael Terrin, Hiltrud Mueller, Bernard Chaitman, Robert Roberts, Genell L Knatterud, Rachel Solomon, Robert P McMahon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Identification of a Novel Redox-Sensitive Gene, Id3, Which Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Cell Growth
Authors: Cornelius Mueller, Stephanie Baudler, Hilke Welzel, Michael Böhm, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (O 2 − ), are involved in the abnormal growth of various cell types. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the most potent inducers of oxidative stress in the vasculature. The molecular events involved in Ang II–induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are only partially understood. Methods and Results — Ang II as well as xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) led to enhanced DNA synthesis and proliferation of VSMCs. The effect of Ang II was abolished by diphenylene iodonium. Consequently, VSMCs were incubated with X/XO, and modulation of gene expression was monitored by differential display, leading to the identification of a novel redox-sensitive gene, the dominant-negative helix-loop-helix protein Id3, which was upregulated within 30 minutes by X/XO and Ang II. Superoxide dismutase but not catalase inhibited this effect. Overexpression of antisense Id3 via transfection in VSMCs completely abolished Ang II– and X/XO-induced cell proliferation. Ang II, X/XO, and overexpression of sense Id3 downregulated protein expression of p21 WAF1/Cip1 , p27 Kip1 , and p53. Overexpression of antisense Id3 abrogated the effect of Ang II on the expression of p21 WAF1/Cip1 , p27 Kip1 , and p53. Ang II and overexpression of sense Id3 caused hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Ang II–induced phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein was decreased by overexpression of antisense Id3. Conclusions — Ang II induces proliferation of VSMCs via production of superoxide, which enhances the expression of Id3. Id3 governs the downstream mitogenic processing via depression of p21 WAF1/Cip1 , p27 Kip1 , and p53. These findings reveal a novel redox-sensitive pathway involved in growth control.
Breathing difficulties in the newborn.
Authors: D Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1980)

babies) given infusions of the drug for preeclampsia.7It therefore seems possible, but is not proved, that therapeutic doses of chlormethiazole may predispose old people to hvpothermia.However, wvhether chlormcthiazole is any better or worse than other hypnotics in this respect is not known, and somc research is needed.
Nanog regulates self-renewal of cancer stem cells through the insulin-like growth factor pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Juanjuan Shan, Junjie Shen, Limei Liu, Feng Xia, Chuan Xu, Guangjie Duan, Yanmin Xu, Qinghua Ma, Zhi Yang, Qianzhen Zhang, Leina Ma, Jia Liu, Senlin Xu, Xiaochu Yan, Ping Bie, Youhong Cui, Xiu-wu Bian, Cheng Qian
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits cellular heterogeneity and embryonic stem-cell-related genes are preferentially overexpressed in a fraction of cancer cells of poorly differentiated tumors. However, it is not known whether or how these cancer cells contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Here, our data showed that increased expression of pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in cancer cells correlates with a worse clinical outcome in HCC. Using the Nanog promoter as a reporter system, we could successfully isolate a small subpopulation of Nanog-positive cells. We demonstrate that Nanog-positive cells exhibited enhanced ability of self-renewal, clonogenicity, and initiation of tumors, which are consistent with crucial hallmarks in the definition of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Nanog(Pos) CSCs could differentiate into mature cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo conditions. In addition, we found that Nanog(Pos) CSCs exhibited resistance to therapeutic agents (e.g., sorafenib and cisplatin) and have a high capacity for tumor invasion and metastasis. Knock-down expression of Nanog in Nanog(Pos) CSCs could decrease self-renewal accompanied with decreased expression of stem-cell-related genes and increased expression of mature hepatocyte-related genes. Overexpression of Nanog in Nanog(Neg) cells could restore self-renewal. Furthermore, we found that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)2 and IGF receptor (IGF1R) were up-regulated in Nanog(Pos) CSCs. Knock-down expression of Nanog in Nanog(Pos) CSCs inhibited the expression of IGF1R, and overexpression of Nanog in Nanog(Neg) cells increased the expression of IGF1R. A specific inhibitor of IGF1R signaling could significantly inhibit self-renewal and Nanog expression, indicating that IGF1R signaling participated in Nanog-mediated self-renewal. These data indicate that Nanog could be a novel biomarker for CSCs in HCC, and that Nanog could play a crucial role in maintaining the self-renewal of CSCs through the IGF1R-signaling pathway.
Underground Zoology and Legal Medicine.
Authors: Murray Galt Motter
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Washington, D. C., Sept, 28, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you allow me to correct, in several important particulars, the rather mixed report on page 646 of the current issue of theJournalof my paper on "Underground Zoology and Legal Medicine," read before the public medicine section of the British Medical Association on the 1st inst. The facts that "the subject is a new one and medicolegally interesting," if not important, warrant me, I feel, in seeking a correct statement of my observations. 1. I found the same species of mites, beetles and flies on cadavers buried for periods varying from two to ten and even twenty years. Thus showing that<i>under the conditions here observed</i>, these scavengers do not seek the buried cadaver in distinct "squads" nor at definite periods. 2. I found certain species of flies (other than the phoridæ) on cadavers buried in midwinter, as well
A clinicopathological study of scarring alopecia
Authors: M. NAYAR, K. SCHOMBERG, R.P.R. DAWBER, P.R. MILLARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We have studied 10 cases of scarring alopecia, and investigated the diagnostic reliability of immunofluorescence and histopathology in lichen planopilaris and pseudopelade. In the light of our findings, we discuss the possible pathomechanisms of both disease processes.
102. Overexpression of the Myostatin Antagonist Follistatin in Normal Myoblasts Genetically Modified with a Lentivirus
Authors: Basma F. Benabdallah, Joel Rousseau, Manaf Bouchentouf, Jacques P. Tremblay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe myopathy caused by the absence of a functional dystrophin in muscles. Transplantation of normal myoblasts is a potential therapy that permits to restore the expression of the dystrophin in transplanted muscles by the formation of hybrid dystrophin positive fibers. However, the success of this approach is compromised by the limited regeneration of damaged muscle. Myostatin, the most powerful inhibitor of muscle growth identified to date, is regulated by different antagonist proteins such as follistatin. Our purpose is to block the myostatin signal in mdx and SCID host mice by the respective transplantation of normal murine and human myoblasts genetically modified with a follistatin lentivirus.
General practitioners’ perceptions and practices of physical activity counselling: changes over the past 10 years
Authors: L M Buffart, H P van der Ploeg, B J Smith, J Kurko, L King, A E Bauman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective: In this work, trends in general practitioners’ (GP) knowledge, confidence and practices in promoting physical activity to patients over a 10-year period (1997–2007) were studied. Design: Repeated cross-sectional population survey Setting: General practice in New South Wales (Australia) Participants: 646 (40%), 747 (53%) and 511 (64%) GPs that were registered in a selection of urban and rural divisions in New South Wales participated in 2007, 2000 and 1997, respectively. Main outcome measures: Self-report questionnaire on the GP’s knowledge, confidence, role perception, attendance of continuous professional development and counselling practice with regard to promoting physical activity in their patients were the main outcome measures. Results: The majority of GPs felt confident in giving physical activity advice and saw it as their role to do so. The proportion of GPs with high confidence and role perception increased between 1997 and 2000 (p&lt;0.001) but remained unchanged thereafter. In 1997, GPs were 0.54 times less likely (95% CI 0.42 to 0.69, p&lt;0.001) to discuss physical activity with more than 10 patients per week than GPs in 2007. However, the percentage of new patients that were asked about their physical activity did not change over the last decade. Conclusions: Most increases in the proportion of GPs reporting high knowledge, role perception and confidence in giving physical activity advice to patients occurred between 1997 and 2000 and remained unchanged thereafter. In 2007, GPs appeared to give more physical activity advice, but Australian general practice is not yet living up to its potential with regard to physical activity promotion.
Predischarge Family Conference
Authors: Charles E. Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE PURPOSE of the predischarge family conference is to discuss posthospital care, to finalize plans for discharge, to evaluate what the patient and his family understood about his illness, care, and convalescence, and to assess the emotional effect of the illness on the patient, his family, and his close friends. <h3>Methods</h3> There are three groups of contributors to the predischarge family conference: (1) those expected: the patient, the liaison psychiatrist, the patient's physician, the clinical social worker, the dietitian, and the primary nurse, (2) those encouraged: the spouse, the children, and other family members, and (3) those permitted: others invited by the patient. The predischarge family conference can be held in the patient's hospital room, or if the patient is ambulatory, the conference can be held in an informal, comfortably furnished, private room with a capacity to hold all those concerned. The authors recommend that the conference be held two
Open Wounds of the Hand
Authors: J. Edward Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THAT trauma to the hand is of great importance from an economic point of view can be understood from statistics collected from the National Safety Council and state industrial commissions. In 1952 there were 9,620,000 accidental injuries in the United States, of which about 2,000,000 were occupational accidents. The total estimated cost was $8,700,000,000, of which $2,900,000,000, or a third, represented the cost of occupational accidents1 (Table 1). Of the 2,000,000 occupational accidents in 1952 about a third involved the hand and the arm. Averages for other years2 are similar (Table 2).Requirements for the return of maximum function after . . .
A two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic method for calculation of pulmonary and systemic blood flow in a canine model with a variable-sized left-to-right extracardiac shunt.
Authors: E J Meijboom, L M Valdes-Cruz, S Horowitz, D J Sahn, D F Larson, K A Young, C Oliveira Lima, S J Goldberg, H D Allen
Journal: Circulation (1983)
Organ donation. I--Management of the multiorgan donor.
Authors: N J Odom
Journal: BMJ (1990)

I -Management of the multiorgan donorShortage of donor organs is the main limiting factor in most types of transplantation.Over 3500 patients are currently awaiting kidney transplants in Britain, and nearly one third of patients accepted for heart trans- plants die before a suitable donor is found.Potential organ donors are often admitted to peripheral hospitals, where there may be little experience of the issues and problems.These hospitals may each see only one or two such patients a year, so there may be a natural reluctance to get embroiled in the complexities of organ donation.This article describes the management of the multi- organ donor in the hope that doctors not concerned in transplantation may be encouraged to identify potential donors and to participate in their management. Identification and assessment of potential donorsAny patient who is likely to remain permanently unconscious on life support as a result of intracerebral damage should be considered a potential organ donor.This must not influence medical management before brain death is declared, but it does enable subsequent events to proceed more smoothly and rapidly.The usual causes of brain death are trauma and intracranial haemorrhage.Less common causes are hypoxic brain damage and primary cerebral tumours.Contraindications to organ donation include age (>70 years), malignancy (except primary cerebral tumour), juvenile onset diabetes, intravenous drug abuse, severe multiorgan dysfunction, and systemic
The Walter Reed Staging Classification for HTLV-III/LAV Infection
Authors: Robert R. Redfield, D. Craig Wright, Edmund C. Tramont
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represent a minority of those who have been infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). The clinical presentation of patients with HTLV-III infections can range from asymptomatic through chronic generalized lymphadenopathy, to subclinical and clinical T-cell deficiency. The US Army has recently adopted a staging classification for HTLV-III infection. The purpose of the Walter Reed (WR) staging Classification is to provide uniformity for routine clinical evaluation of military personnel with HTLV-III infection, to facilitate understanding of the natural history of these infections, and to help evaluate the clinical response to antiviral treatment regimens. Stage WR0 designates high-risk contacts, while stages WR1-6 require documentation of HTLV-III infection. Stages WR1-6 show ascending degrees of disease, so that those classified in WR6 manifest antibodies to HTLV-III, chronic lymphadenopathy, T helper cell counts below the normal limit, delayed hypersensitivity, thrush, and opportunistic infection. HTLV-III infections with symptoms are designated by the addition of the letter B, while the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma is designated by adding the letter K. This classification scheme is based on the fact that the T helper cell is the principal target cell of HTLV-III and the clinical observation that the functional integrity of the T helper cell determines the clinical presentation. Preliminary studies in 39 sequential patients followed for over 18 months found that patients who entered in stages WR3-WR6 had a slow but progressive course to the next stage or death. Many questions about clinical progression remain, but it is hoped that this staging classification will facilitate their resolution.
Cancer Statistics, 2006
Authors: A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, T. Murray, J. Xu, C. Smigal, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,399,790 new cancer cases and 564,830 deaths from cancer are expected in the United States in 2006. When deaths are aggregated by age, cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death for those younger than age 85 since 1999. Delay-adjusted cancer incidence rates stabilized in men from 1995 through 2002, but continued to increase by 0.3% per year from 1987 through 2002 in women. Between 2002 and 2003, the actual number of recorded cancer deaths decreased by 778 in men, but increased by 409 in women, resulting in a net decrease of 369, the first decrease in the total number of cancer deaths since national mortality record keeping was instituted in 1930. The death rate from all cancers combined has decreased by 1.5% per year since 1993 among men and by 0.8% per year since 1992 among women. The mortality rate has also continued to decrease for the three most common cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and for breast and colon and rectum cancers in women. Lung cancer mortality among women continues to increase slightly. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African American men and women have 40% and 18% higher death rates from all cancers combined than White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and death rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers than Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden of suffering and death from cancer can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
444 PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOME OF FIBROSING CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS IN VIRAL CIRRHOSIS LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AT A REFERENCE CENTER FROM 2001–2008
Authors: R. Bárcena, Ana Moreno, S. del Campo, C. Varona, M.L. Mateos, C. Quereda, J. Graus, C. Arocena, M.J. Pérez-Elías, J. Nuño, A. Muriel, J. Fortun, S. Moreno, Alberto Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
483 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS CORE-RELATED ANTIGEN AND COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA AS HBV RE-INFECTION MARKERS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: T. Matsuzaki, T. Ichikawa, M. Otani, S. Takeshita, T. Muraoka, M. Akiyama, E. Ozawa, S. Miuma, H. Miyaaki, N. Taura, S. Eguchi, T. Kanematsu, K. Nakao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Simultaneous chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Pollen Typhae by high-performance capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Le Han, Xunhong Liu, Nianyun Yang, Junsong Li, Baochang Cai, Shi Cheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

To evaluate the quality of Pollen Typhae as used in traditional Chinese medicine, a high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method has been developed, validated and applied to chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitation of its eight main bioactive flavonoids (naringenin, isorhamnetin 3-O-(2G-α-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside, rhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, isorhamnetin, quercetin 3-O-(2G-α-l-rhamnosyl)-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside, kaempferol and quercetin). Fingerprinting was based on the selection of nine characteristic chromatographic peaks. In quantitative analysis, the recovery of all eight compounds was in the range 98.5–102.2% with good linearity (r2>0.9919) over a relatively wide concentration range. The assay was successfully applied to the analysis of the eight bioactive flavonoids in 14 different samples. The results indicate that the assay is reproducible and precise and can be used for convenient quality assessment of Pollen Typhae.
Medical Care for Eye Patients
Authors: Norman A. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In 1934 the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association adopted a resolution providing: <i>Resolved</i>, That the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association declares that it is unethical for any member of the American Medical Association to give lectures or courses of instruction to or consult with any one not associated with the actual medical service. In 1950 the House of Delegates adopted a Resolution introduced from the Section on Ophthalmology: <i>Resolved</i>, That the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association declares that it is entirely within the definition of Medical ethics for its members to engage in lectures, demonstrations, the preparation of pamphlets and other measures suitable for the dissemination of information designed to prevent blindness and directed to any non-medical group. It had been the objective of the action of the House of Delegates in 1950 that improvement would result in the quality of