tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Portable video education for informed consent: the shape of things to come?
Authors: S. Varma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE, p 1014 Guidance surrounding consent in the U.K. is provided by the General Medical Council.1 Working in partnership with patients to discuss their condition and treatment in a way they understand is recommended. However, with increasing numbers of patients in time-pressured clinics needing to give consent for diagnostic biopsies, procedures or complex treatment, many practitioners agree that the current process for fully informed consent is less than optimal. One way to reconcile this and to enhance the process of consent in the future will undoubtedly be with the use of touch screen video technology. For example, patients could pause and replay information about procedures, risks, aftercare, complications and alternatives in an unhurried manner before providing informed consent. Drop-down menus dealing with ‘frequently asked questions’ could improve comprehension. In this month’s issue of the Journal Armstrong et al.2 show increased knowledge of shave or punch biopsies and postoperative care by use of portable video technology. For patients undergoing procedures, the authors compared video-based education using two short videos against verbal education for informed consent and wound care. As oral education varies between individuals and can be inconsistent, it is unsurprising that portable video media appeared to be more effective for education and resulted in higher satisfaction than traditional oral education. The authors have generously donated their videos.3-6 These can be accessed via the BJD website (http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0007-0963&site=1). It is the authors’ conclusion that video education appears to be a promising alternative to traditional oral instruction. However, my feeling is that rather than replace verbal information, portable video media will augment oral and written education and facilitate fully informed consent. Potentially, this could reduce complications and litigation requests and enhance the patient experience. Rarely does a paper promise to change clinical practice immediately. One reviewer was so impressed that he may get an iPad® (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, U.S.A.) to educate his patients. Standardized, reproducible and consistent video information could be used for supplementing oral education for complex treatments such as Mohs micrographic surgery, phototherapy or treatment with biologics which perhaps require a more detailed understanding before fully informed comment can be said to have been obtained. One can envision an entire industry dedicated to producing video education libraries for patients prior to consent akin to safety videos before an airline flight. Elsewhere, other researchers have reported that video information can reduce pain and anxiety in those proposing to undergo nondermatological procedures. Video education preconsent may become the future gold standard. In my view it is the shape of things to come and I recommend the paper and videos to you.
Longterm follow-up of severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and prediction of systemic arterial hypertension
Authors: Stefan Marian Frent, Daniel Lighezan, Voicu Tudorache, Carmen Ardelean, Diana Dimitriu, Stefan Mihaicuta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an important risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension (SH).

Aim: Identify the best predictors for SH in patients with OSA.

Methods: We prospectively followed 589 consecutive patients (pts) with clinically suspected OSA. The pts were included and followed-up for a mean period of 7 years by sleep questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, polisomnography for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (values: normal 0-4, mild 5-14, moderate 15-29, severe over 30) and history of SH. We evaluated the Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a univariate analysis and the independent variables.

Results: 436 males (71%) 153 females (29%), age 50±12 years (range 18-84 years) were included. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was 34±6 kg/m2 (range17-56 kg/m2) and the mean AHI 36/h±28. SH was found in 59% patients. The time from diagnostic to abnormal changes in blood pressure values was 7±5years. The structure of the study population according to European Society of Hypertension 2007 Guidelines: from the 59% of pts with SH: 11% with high normal values, 15% stage I, 29% stage II, 8% stage III. AHI in all 3 levels, with reference normal, is extremely significant (p<0.001) in hypertensive patients. Only severe OSA is the strongest predictor for hypertension, OR 3,2 (p<0.001, CI 1, 67–5, 59). Mild and moderate OSA did not significantly influence the appearance of SH (p<0,14, OR 0,58, CI 0,29-1,20, p<0,24, OR 1,52, CI 0,76-2,86). SH is a weak predictor for OSA in univariate analysis, p = 0,045, OR 1,76, CI 1,01-3,08.

Conclusion: Patients with OSA are exposed to a higher risk of developing SH. A strong predictor for SH is only severe OSA.
Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Rwanda—Reply
Authors: Phuong N. Pham, Harvey M. Weinstein, Timothy Longman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of AKT phosphorylation by a small molecule AKT inhibitor
Authors: Edward K. Han, Thomas McGonigal, Keith W. Woods, Saul H. Rosenberg, Vincent L. Giranda, Yan Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5476 

AKT (PKB) is a serine/threonine that plays an important role in apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival. The AKT gene has been amplified in a number of human cancers. Furthermore, AKT activity is elevated in cells with a mutated PTEN tumor suppressor gene. These studies establish AKT as an attractive target for cancer therapy. We have identified a small molecule that specifically inhibits AKT1 with an IC50 of < 1 nM. When MiaPaCa cells (PTEN+) were treated with the inhibitor for 2h, AKT phosphorylation (at 473 site) was induced in a dose dependent manner. This induction was observed as early as 15 min with 1 μM compound treatment. AKT phosphorylation induction was seen in several cancer cell lines. In PTEN (-) cells such as PC3, there was an additional increase in AKT phosphorylation after treatment by the inhibitor. To examine the mechanim(s) for the induction of AKT phosphroylation, we employed LY294002, a PI3-kinase inhibitor. Pre-incubation of MiaPaCa cells with Ly294002 at 50 μM completely inhibited the AKT phosphorylation induction. Our results suggest that the PI3-kinase pathway is involved in the drug-related induction of AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, there may be a feed-back mechanism involved in the up-regulation of phosphorylation in response to AKT inhibition.
Factors Influencing Isotope Equilibrium Rates Affect <sup>11</sup> C PET Analysis
Authors: E. Douglas Lewandowski, Nathaniel M. Alpert
Journal: Circulation (1999)

We read with great interest the article by McNamara et al 1 on intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG) therapy for myocarditis and acute dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).There is as yet no general agreement of effective treatment of myocarditis and acute DCM.These workers are to be congratulated for conducting a welldesigned clinical study of adult patients with NYHA class III to IV heart failure, based on previously published clinical 2 and experimental 3 experience.We would like to stress 3 points that we consider crucial in our understanding of the significance of this treatment.The first is related to the presence of preceding or associated infectious manifestations (ie, fever, pleurodynia, myalgia, and upper respiratory tract symptoms).This strongly suggests that myocarditis is of viral or infectious origin.Accordingly, as shown in our previous study, 3 intravenous polyclonal IgG used in the study by McNamara et al 1 could have neutralizing antibody activities against causative agents.In this case, the effects of IgG may be drastic and super, as shown in the early study in our article. 3 The second point deals with the potential histological improvement by this treatment, even in the later stage, as shown in our study. 3 We consider that the marked and super improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction seen in all the patients in the study 1 may correlate with and depend on histological improvement.Some additional pathological data (ie, serial endomyocardial biopsy) could serve to make readers more clearly understand this point.Finally, although the precise mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of this treatment are still unknown, 4,5 IgG therapy is considered to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, as shown in our study. 3 The former includes antiidiotype, anti-autoantibody properties, and reticuloendothelial system blockade; the latter, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, a sump for activated complement, and antisuperantigen antibodies.Thus, we keenly agree with the proposal that a more widespread randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a larger population of patients with myocarditis and acute as well as chronic (ongoing) DCM 6 is warranted.
Abstract 126: The Effect of H2O2-Activatable Antioxidant Nanoparticles on Whole Body Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Sang Jae Rhee, Soochan Bae, Tae Hi Kang, Qingen Ke, Joo Heung Yoon, Peter M Kang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Cardiac resuscitation after cardiac arrest is a serious medical dilemma resulting in multiple organ injuries even after successful resuscitation mainly due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. Recently, we generated H2O2-activatable antioxidant nanoparticles formulated from copolyoxalate containing vanillyl alcohol (PVAX) to prevent I/R injury. In this study, we examined whether PVAX could effectively reduce organ damages in a whole body ischemia/reperfusion (WBIR) injury model in rat. Animals were gender and age matched, and there was no statistical difference in baseline mean blood pressure (BP) in vehicle and PVAX-treated groups. To induce cardiac arrest, 70μl/100g body weight (BW) of cold 1M KCl was administered via the jugular venous catheter. Cardiac arrest was confirmed by drop of arterial blood pressure via continuous invasive monitoring. All rats underwent cardiac arrest for 5.5 mins. During cardiac arrest, the endotracheal tube was disconnected from the ventilator and isoflurane administration was turned off. After cardiac arrest, the ventilator was turned on and the endotracheal tube was reconnected. For resuscitation, 20μg/100g BW of epinephrine was injected i.v. and chest compressions were performed at a rate of 300 compressions/min. We found that mean time to the restoration of spontaneous circulation was reduced by 2-fold in PVAX treated group compared to the vehicle after WBIR (66.8±15.2 vs 127.3±83.2 sec). We also found that PVAX effectively blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in multiple organs as determined by dihydroethidium staining as an indicator of ROS generation after IR. Evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly increased in heart, brain and kidney after 24 hr post-WBIR. PVAX treated group showed significantly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after WBIR after PVAX treatment, particularly evident in heart. In addition, WBIR+vehicle group showed significant increase in apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL staining, but PVAX treated group effectively reduced apoptosis in multiple organs. Thus, we concluded that PVAX could be an effective therapeutic agent for treating WBIR injury via its blocking ROS-mediated damage.
Abstract 15174: Higher Plasma Osmolality as an Independent Determinant of In-hospital Worsening Renal Function in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Tetsufumi Motokawa, Toshiyuki Nagai, Yasuo Sugano, Takafumi Yamane, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Kenji Nakamura, Naotsugu Iwakami, Daigo Chinen, Yasuhide Asaumi, Takeshi Aiba, Teruo Noguchi, Masaharu Ishihara, Kengo Kusano, Hisao Ogawa, Satoshi Yasuda, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Backgrounds: Previous studies showed that worsening renal function (WRF) was associated with poor clinical outcome in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. Hyperosmolarity is known to cause direct renal cell injury and decreases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. In ADHF setting, the plasma osmolality can be changed dramatically. However, the prognostic significance of plasma osmolality for the development of WRF in ADHF patients is unclear. Methods: We examined 320 consecutive ADHF patients who admitted to our institution between January 2013 and January 2014 from prospective registry. Patients who had acute coronary syndrome and without complete data-set at admission were excluded. Finally, 303 patients were divided into two groups according to lower plasma osmolality (below 297 mOsm/kg H2O, the cut-off value based on ROC analysis) or higher plasma osmolality (above 297 mOsm/kg H2O) at admission. WRF was defined as ≥ 0.3 mg/dl increase in serum creatinine from baseline to discharge. Results: During follow-up period (median 21 days, interquartile range 14-29), WRF was occurred in 58 patients (19.6 %). Patients with higher plasma osmolality had significantly higher incidence of WRF compared with those without (32.3% vs 13.6%, P&lt;0.01). Higher plasma osmolality was associated with more use of diuretics, higher serum creatinine level and lower hemoglobin level. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, NYHA functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), blood pressure, etiology of HF, cardiovascular medications other than diuretics, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level on admission. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher plasma osmolality (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.00-3.98, P=0.049), as well as lower hemoglobin (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.42, P=0.012), was an independent determinant of WRF, although other variables including age, sex, serum creatinine level and use of diuretics on admission were not. Conclusions: In patients with ADHF, higher plasma osmolality on admission was an independent predictor of in-hospital WRF, suggesting the measurement of plasma osmolality might be useful for identifying patients at risk for WRF.
The Fluorometric Estimation of Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) and Its Biological Disposition in the Dog
Authors: L. B. Mellett, L. A. Woods
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

Summary  A specific method of estimation is described for mechlorethamine which has application for a number of other alkylating agents. Experiments were performed on blood levels, urinary excretion, and the tissue distribution of mechlorethamine in dogs. The drug rapidly disappeared from plasma, and less than 0.01 per cent was excreted in the urine. The concentration of the drug in tissues was very low, the maximum being observed in bone marrow.
Nora Volkow, MD
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Syphilis on the rise again in Germany – results from surveillance data for 2011
Authors: V Bremer, U Marcus, O Hamouda
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

In Germany, syphilis is notified anonymously. In 2011, 3,698 cases (incidence 4.5/100,000 inhabitants) were notified, an increase of 22% over 2010. The increase was higher in men (23%) than women (13%) and 94% of the cases were male. Information on the possible way of transmission was available for 72% of cases. Of these, 84% were men who have sex with men, who seem to play a major role in the renewed increase in syphilis cases.
Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture
Authors: Lorraine E. Young, Kenneth Fernandes, Tom G. McEvoy, Simon C. Butterwith, Carlos G. Gutierrez, Catherine Carolan, Peter J. Broadbent, John J. Robinson, Ian Wilmut, Kevin D. Sinclair
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
998. Evaluation of Promoter Elements for Specific Expression in Human Airway Epithelia Using a Self-Inactivating (SIN) Equine Lentivector
Authors: Angela M. Giddings, Lawrence Ostrowski, John C. Olsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
One goal for obtaining effective gene therapy with low overall toxicity is to target the gene of interest to a specific subset of cells that need the correction, while having little or no expression outside of these cells. One way of achieving this is through the use of cell-specific promoters. We hypothesized that we could achieve long-term expression in subsets of well-differentiated human airway epithelial cells by utilizing cellular or viral promoters that drive expression specifically in these cell-types. In this study, we tested the FoxJ1 cell promoter, which is activated during ciliated cell differentiation, and the LTR regions from two sheep viruses, Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV) and Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) whose tropism is restricted to non-ciliated cell types, including Clara cells. An equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) self-inactivating SIN lentiviral vector system was employed to compare these promoters to the CMV immediate early promoter in cell lines and primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures. We tested all three promoters for specificity, and for duration and timing of expression. Measurements of timing and duration of expression were taken following the addition of d-luciferin to sets of HAE cultures, which had been infected with FoxJ1, JSRV and ENTV constructs expressing luciferase, at day10 and day 23 after mono-layer formation. Light emission was measured with a cooled-coupled device (CCD) camera. After the final measurement, these same cells were lysed and the levels of luciferase expression were quantified with a luminometer or sectioned for histology. The types of cells within the HAE cultures that expressed the marker gene were determined by histology after infection by constructs that had the different promoters driving lacZ, followed by staining, and sectioning. It was observed that while none of these promoters could compare with the CMV promoter in various cell lines, levels of expression within well-differentiated primary HAE cultures was comparable. FoxJ1-driven expression was highly specific to well-differentiated epithelial cells and was induced during the differentiation process. In contrast, the JSRV and ENTV LTR promoters drove expression in both well- and poorly-differentiated human airway cells. Studies are in progress to determine the frequency of co-localization of expression with ciliated and non-ciliated cells in well-differentiated epithelia. No significant down-regulation of expression driven by these promoters was observed over the duration of the cultures.
Abstract 15855: Dysregulation of miR-26a Induced by Electrical Stimulation Promotes Cardiac Differentiation of Human iPS Cells
Authors: Linlin Guo, Lei Wang, Ruilian Ma, Hideyuki Kondo, Ha Won Kim, Yi-Gang Wang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can efficiently form functional cardiomyocytes through embryoid body (EB) differentiation in the presence of specific signals. Recent studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation (EleS) can enhance the efficiency of cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs. This study investigates the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in EleS-induced cardiac differentiation.   Methods and results:  iPSCs were induced to form EBs for 7 days, then treated with or without electrical stimulation ( EleS EBs or  non-EleS EBs) for 1 to 10 days(1-1.5V/1.8cm,with a biphasic square pulse (5ms) at 5 Hz frequency). Spontaneous beating  EleS EBs were present at 2 days into treatment but did not appear in  non-EleS EBs group until day 7. Expression of cardiac transcriptional factors GATA4 and MEF2c was also significantly increased in  EleS EBs as determined by qPCR, Western Blot, and immunocytochemistry analysis. MicroRNA-sequencing analysis was then used to profile the potential miRNAs responsible for EleS-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation. miR-1, miR-26a, miR-133a, miR-208, let-7c, miR-499 were found to be dysregulated in  EleS EBs. However, in this research miR-26a was determined as a key miRNA by targeting the  PTEN  ene, which plays a critical role in regulation of cardiac differentiation genes GATA4 and MEF2c. Expression of these cardiac genes in  EleS EBs was also markedly increased by regulation of miR-26a. Current research is ongoing to determine molecular mechanism involved in EleS-induced cardiac differentiation.   Conclusion:  miR-26a mediates up-regulation of crucial cardiac transcriptional factors GATA4 and MEF2c and promotes human iPS cell differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells by targeting  PTEN  gene.
IL-18 induction of IgE: dependence on CD4+ T cells, IL-4 and STAT6
Authors: Tomohiro Yoshimoto, Hitoshi Mizutani, Hiroko Tsutsui, Nancy Noben-Trauth, Kei-ichi Yamanaka, Minoru Tanaka, Shinzo Izumi, Haruki Okamura, William E. Paul, Kenji Nakanishi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2000)
Doctor may be extradited to face criminal charges
Authors: Clare Dyer, Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Canadian police have launched an investigation of British gynaecologist Richard Neale which could result in his extradition to Canada to stand trial on criminal negligence charges. Forty women have lodged complaints with the Ontario police, detailing injuries they sustained while under the care of Mr Neale in Canada in the early 1980s.

The gynaecologist is now part way through a hearing on charges of serious professional misconduct at the General Medical Council in London, …