tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender Verification and the Next Olympic Games-Reply
Authors: Arne Ljungqvist
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are pleased to have the opportunity to respond to Dr Dingeon and to update the IAAF position on gender verification. First, Dingeon is incorrect in stating that we advocated a physical examination for all athletes at every competition. Instead, we recommended only examination in the home country, complemented by spot checks at competition sites. Furthermore, the IAAF never advocated a "gynecological test" (presumably, an internal pelvic examination). Since our February 1992 Commentary, the IAAF has updated its position. Gender verification has now been abandoned, as a result of a second IAAF Working Group (London, England, May 1992). None of the team physicians present at that meeting were aware of attempts by athletes to masquerade in their own country. The physicians found it incredible that men could, in the 1990s, masquerade as women, given the requirement for urine testing for doping. The urine sample obligatorily required to detect
Motesanib, or open-label bevacizumab, in combination with paclitaxel, as first-line treatment for HER2-negative locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Miguel Martin, Henri Roche, Tamas Pinter, John Crown, M John Kennedy, Louise Provencher, Frank Priou, Wolfgang Eiermann, Encarna Adrover, Istvan Lang, Manuel Ramos, Jean Latreille, Agnieszka Jagiełło-Gruszfeld, Tadeusz Pienkowski, Emilio Alba, Raymond Snyder, Sachin Almel, Janusz Rolski, Montserrat Munoz, Rebecca Moroose, Sara Hurvitz, Ana Baños, Henry Adewoye, Yong-Jiang Hei, Mary-Ann Lindsay, Matthieu Rupin, David Cabaribere, Yasmin Lemmerick, John R Mackey
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
NHS to receive an extra pound40bn over next five years
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Healthcare leaders have enthusiastically welcomed the unprecedented £40bn ($58bn; ![Graphic][1]</img>65bn), five year investment plan for the NHS announced in the Budget last week, while also sounding notes of caution over elements of the reforms that are tied to the money. Chancellor Gordon Brown's Budget outlined annual rises of 7.4% above inflation for the NHS over the next five years, taking total UK healthcare spending from £65.4bn in 2002-3 to £105.6bn in 2007-8. The total 61% boost, which will be paid for by a 1% rise in national insurance, is in line with increases recommended by the report on health resources by Derek Wanless (see p 998). The extra investment will increase the UK health bill from 7.7% to 9.4% of gross domestic product by 2008—matching the EU average that Prime Minister Tony Blair pledged two years ago that the UK would meet ( BMJ 2000;320:205). The health secretary, Alan Milburn, immediately translated the money into plans for an extra 80000 staff, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Potentiation of diaphragmatic twitch after voluntary contraction in normal subjects.
Authors: S Wragg, C Hamnegard, J Road, D Kyroussis, J Moran, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Skeletal muscle twitch responses may be transiently increased by previous contractions, a phenomenon termed twitch potentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the extent and time course of diaphragmatic twitch potentiation and its relationship to both the magnitude and duration of the preceding voluntary diaphragmatic contraction.Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (PDI) was measured in six normal subjects, before and after voluntary diaphragm contractions of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of maximum PDI (PDImax) sustained for five and 10 seconds.Twitch PDI was significantly increased after 100%, 75%, and 50% contractions. Following maximal contractions sustained for 10 seconds the mean increase in twitch PDI was 52%. Following 50% contractions sustained for five seconds the mean increase in twitch height was 28%. In all runs twitch PDI returned to rested levels within 20 minutes.Twitch potentiation can be substantial, even following submaximal contractions, and must be taken into account when twitch pressure is used to assess diaphragm contractility.
Re: Hartmut Porst, Edward D. Kim, Adolfo R. Casabé, et al., for the LVHJ study team. Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil Once Daily in the Treatment of Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Results of an International Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2011;60:1105–13
Authors: Ege Can Serefoglu, Gregory C. Mitchell, Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
Journal: European Urology (2012)
THE TREATMENT OF SLEEPING SICKNESS AND OTHER TRYPANOSOMIASES BY THE ATOXYL AND MERCURY METHOD
Authors: R. Boyce
Journal: BMJ (1907)

So marked is this association with menstruation that Clifford Allbutt with great sagacity and epigrammatic terse- ness lias said that " Every woman stands often at the gate of Graves's disease."This functional and transient enlargement of the thyroid at the menstrual period was well known to the ancients, one of whom (Catullus) wrote, when speaking of the change In a girl's physique at the commencement of her menstrual life:Non illam nutrix orienti luce revisens Hesterno collum poterit circumdare filo.
Differential efficacy of lymphocyte- and monocyte-selective pretreatment with a type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor on antigen-driven proliferation and cytokine gene expression
Authors: David M. Essayan, Shau-Ku Huang, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

Elevations of intracellular cyclic AMP, achieved with the use of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, cause functional downregulation of most inflammatory cells. Rolipram, an inhibitor selective for the PDE4 isozyme, can markedly downregulate antigen-driven proliferation and cytokine gene expression of unfractionated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is unclear whether PDE4 inhibitors in a mixed-cell system exert their immunosuppressive effect on the lymphocyte or on the monocyte fraction. We have used an adherence-based protocol for separating peripheral blood mononuclear cells, isolated from atopic individuals, into lymphocyte and monocyte fractions and have selectively treated these populations with rolipram prior to reconstituting the cell cultures to their original lymphocyte/monocyte proportions. Cellular responses to both ragweed and tetanus toxoid were analyzed for both proliferation and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. A dose-dependent downregulation of ragweed- and tetanus toxoid-driven proliferative responses was achieved by pretreatment of lymphocytes from peripheral blood with rolipram. This downregulation was significantly greater than that achieved with pretreatment of monocytes. Pretreatment of both populations failed to show synergistic downregulation of proliferation. Lymphocyte pretreatment with rolipram also resulted in marked downregulation of gene expression for IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-γ compared to monocyte pretreatment in both ragweed- and tetanus toxoid-driven systems. Interestingly, monocyte pretreatment in these systems resulted in significant downregulation of IL-2 gene expression compared to lymphocyte pretreatment. Flow cytometric analysis failed to show alterations in any of a panel of surface activation and signal transducing molecules by rolipram treatment with or without antigen stimulation. We conclude that, in a mixed cell system, PDE4 inhibitors downregulate antigen-driven proliferation and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines predominantly through their effects on lymphocytes rather than monocytes. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:28-37.)
Elevated Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for the Development of Diabetes in Women With a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nam H. Cho, Soo Lim, Hak C. Jang, Hae K. Park, Boyd E. Metzger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

To investigate the potential use of the plasma homocysteine level as a predictor of diabetes in women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).At 6 weeks' postpartum, baseline examination was performed in 177 GAD-negative subjects. Of these subjects, 7 who were diagnosed with diabetes at baseline were excluded from further evaluation, and 170 with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at baseline were followed annually over 4 years. The follow-up examinations included 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), lipid profiles, homocysteine levels, anthropometric measurements, history taking, diet, and lifestyle. During the OGTTs, insulin and glucose levels were assayed every 30 min. Plasma homocysteine levels were determined by ion-exchange chromatography.Of the 170 women, 18 (10.6%) converted to diabetes during the 4-year follow-up period. Mean age, BMI, fasting insulin, and total cholesterol at baseline (6 weeks' postpartum test) were similar in the three study groups (i.e., normal, IGT, and diabetes). Fasting glucose levels, insulin-to-glucose ratios, and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Higher glucose at the time of the diagnosis of GDM and higher homocysteine levels at baseline were independently associated with the onset of postpartum diabetes. These relationships were independent of age, BMI, and family history of diabetes.This prospective study identified homocysteine level as a significant risk factor for development of diabetes in women with previous GDM.
Rebuilding Haiti's health service will take years, say relief groups
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The humanitarian needs of the 1.5 million people displaced by the earthquake which struck Haiti six months ago are still immense, say the United Nations and other aid agencies. 

The disaster, which struck on 12 January, killed an estimated 222 570 people and injured more than 300 000, destroyed eight hospitals and left a further 22 with only minimal services.

UN agencies such as the World Health Organization said that thanks to the influx of hundreds of medical aid groups, which have …
Scavenger effect of sulphasalazine (SASP), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), and olsalazine (OAZ)
Authors: P Gionchetti, C Guarnieri, M Campieri, A Belluzzi, C Brignola, P Iannone, M Miglioli, L Barbara
Journal: Gut (1990)

SIR, -I am sorry that Professor Jass's excellent papers were not referred to in my leading article.This was, however, intended as a presentation of hypotheses to act as stimuli for further studies rather than as a comprehensive review ofpublished work.As pointed out in the article a change in the 0 acetylation of mucin sialic acids is just one of many potential alterations in mucin structure that could have an effect on its interaction with bacteria.Others include alterations in sulphation, sialylation, length, and branching of oligosaccharide side chains and changes in the expression of carbohydrate receptors for bacterial adherence lectins.
Metabolic and Growth Patterns in Transient Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: David Schiff, Eleanor Colle, Leo Stern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

In an infant born small for his gestational age, transient neonatal diabetes requiring insulin therapy for a three-month period developed. Initially, he had no insulin response to glucose and tolbutamide, but by three months of age, he showed a normal insulin response to glucose loading, which persisted into his second year of life. Institution of insulin therapy resulted in an accelerated growth rate, unusual in infants small for gestational age, which persisted beyond the period of insulin therapy.
Alternative Site Testing at the Earlobe Tip
Authors: Frederico G.S. Toledo, Andrew Taylor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

There is growing interest in alternative less painful sites for capillary blood glucose (CBG) monitoring. The earlobe tip is a potential site (1) that has been occasionally used by nurses when fingertip testing is refused or difficult. We investigated the clinical value and accuracy of earlobe CBG measurements as an alternative to fingertip and forearm testing.

A total of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes (aged 42–82 years, 28% with neuropathy) were enrolled in the study. The duration of diabetes was 9.5 ± 8.3 years (means ± SD). Testing sites (lateral aspect of the fingertip, earlobe tip, and flexor surface of the forearm) …
Peripheral resistance in the leg in arterial occlusive disease: An investigation on the popliteal artery made during direct arterial surgery
Authors: B. P. Bliss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Peripheral resistance in the leg in arterial occlusive disease: An investigation on the popliteal artery made during direct arterial surgery Get access B. P. Bliss B. P. Bliss From the Department of Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, Fulham Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 337–342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.3.337 Published: 01 July 1971
House Staff Supervision and Working Hours-Reply
Authors: Kenneth E. Thorpe
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letters by Drs Bell and Cheng raise important issues concerning limits on resident hours and appropriate levels of financing for supervision provided by attending physicians. Particularly refreshing were Dr Bell's comments that continue to focus our attention on the role of the attending physician in the education of young physicians. While I agree with the general thrust of his remarks, his comments concerning the costs of providing continuous supervision and his characterization of my methodology were incorrect. As my survey revealed, attending physicians pursue multiple activities: funded clinical research, seeing new patients, and supervising residents, among others. The results indicated that little time was spent directly supervising residents. Instead, attending physicians have substituted other activities (such as seeing new patients) for supervision. From a normative standpoint, the existing time allocations of supervising physicians are probably not ideal. Dr Bell has consistently and appropriately focused our attention
Estrogen Receptor-α Mediates Diethylstilbestrol-Induced Feminization of the Seminal Vesicle in Male Mice
Authors: Vickie R. Walker, Wendy N. Jefferson, John F. Couse, Kenneth S. Korach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Studies have shown that perinatal exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) leads to feminization of the seminal vesicle (SV) in male mice, as illustrated by tissue hyperplasia, ectopic expression of the major estrogen-inducible uterine secretory protein lactoferrin (LF), and reduced expression of SV secretory protein IV (SVS IV).The present study was designed to evaluate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER) in this action by using ER-knockout (ERKO) mice.Wild-type (WT), ERα-null (αERKO), and ERβ-null (βERKO) male mice were treated with either vehicle or DES (2 μg/day) on neonatal days 1-5. These mice were divided into two groups: In the first group, intact mice were sacrificed at 10 weeks of age; in the second group, mice were castrated at 10 weeks of age, allowed to recover for 10 days, treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo, and sacrificed 2 weeks later. Body weights and SV weights were recorded, and mRNA expression levels of Ltf (lactoferrin), Svs4, and androgen receptor (Ar) were assessed.In DES-treated intact mice, SV weights were reduced in WT and βERKO mice but not in αERKO mice. DES-treated WT and βERKO males, but not αERKO males, exhibited ectopic expression of LF in the SV. DES treatment resulted in decreased SVS IV protein and mRNA expression in WT males, but no effect was seen in αERKO mice. In addition, DES-treated βERKO mice exhibited reduced Svs4 mRNA expression but maintained control levels of SVS IV protein. In DES-treated castrated mice, DHT implants restored SV weights to normal levels in αERKO mice but not in WT mice, suggesting full androgen responsiveness in αERKO mice.These data suggest that DES-induced SV toxicity and feminization are primarily mediated by ERα; however, some aspects of androgen response may require the action of ERβ.
Amyloid Production in Human Myeloma Stem-Cell Culture, with Morphologic Evidence of Amyloid Secretion by Associated Macrophages
Authors: Brian G. M. Durie, Bruce Persky, Barbara J. Soehnlen, Thomas M. Grogan, Sydney E. Salmon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IT is generally agreed that amyloid fibrils in patients with myeloma and acquired systemic amyloidosis are derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (Bence Jones proteins).1 , 2 The exact mechanisms responsible for extracellular deposition of the light-chain components as amyloid are less clear.2 , 3 It has been proposed that partial degradation of Bence Jones proteins occurs in the lysosomes of tissue macrophages, which then secrete amyloid into the extracellular environment, where polymerization occurs.4 , 5 Although considerable evidence supports this concept,6 7 8 9 10 11 12 there has been no direct confirmation.In this article we present the findings from human myeloma stem-cell culture with bone-marrow cells from a patient . . .
Allergen‐containing immune complexes used for immunotherapy of allergic asthma
Authors: L. K. Poulsen, L. Lundberg, I. Søndergaard, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1991)

In a previous study guinea pigs inbred for their ability to develop respiratory anaphylaxis to experimental antigens have been used for comparison of different forms of immunotherapy (IT). Passive, active and combined (immune complexes prepared from antigen and specific IgG) IT was compared with placebo. In the present study methods were evaluated for determination of the allergen‐specific IgE and IgG. IgE was determined by the passive cutaneous anaphylactic test (PCA) and the variability of this test on different strains of the recipient guinea pig was investigated. The same strain as used for the IT study was found to produce the most potent response. Radioimmunometric assays (RIA) were developed and validated for determination of specific IgG 1 and IgG 2 . The IgE and IgG immune response in animals from the IT study were then evaluated by means of PCA and RIA. Animals from all four treatment groups were sensitized during the first part of the IT study, and responded with a marked IgE synthesis which later stabilized on a more moderate level. In spite of notably reduced symptoms in groups treated with active and combined IT, no difference in the IgE level was found between the four groups. In contrast to IgE, mean group titers of IgG 1 and IgG 2 in the groups receiving active or combined IT rose drastically during the first part of therapy and closely paralleled the clinical response during the rest of the study period. However, in the individual animals, no correlations were found between immune response and clinical symptoms. Thus, the strong IgG response during immunotherapy may not be causally related to the outcome of treatment.
Effects of methyldopa on prolactin and growth hormone.
Authors: J Steiner, J Cassar, K Mashiter, I Dawes, T R Fraser, A Breckenridge
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The effects of administration of methyldopa on serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in hypertensive patients were studied. Single doses of methyldopa (750 or 1000 mg) significantly increased serum prolactin levels, peak concentrations occurring four to six hours after drug administrations. Long-term methyldopa treatment was associated with threefold to fourfold increases in basal prolactin levels compared with those in normal subjects. In patients treated with methyldopa for two to three weeks the GH response to insulin hypoglycaemia was significantly greater than in normal subjects and untreated hypertensive patients. In contrast, patients treated for prolonged periods (mean 13-4 months) had a GH reponse indistinguishable from normal.
Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis by tracking Aspergillus-specific T cells in hematologic patients with pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: L Potenza, P Barozzi, D Vallerini, R Bosco, C Quadrelli, L Mediani, M Morselli, F Forghieri, F Volzone, M Codeluppi, G Rossi, G Tazzioli, C Venturelli, G Torelli, M Luppi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
A CONGENITAL DEFORMITY OF THE FOREARM AND ITS OPERATIVE TREATMENT
Authors: H. G. W. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1912)

ITDICABJORsNAL 83 is certain to become inoperable.It is in this stage that diagnosis is difficult.W. J. Mayo83 states that "gastric caacer-itself does: not give-rise to diagnostic syhiptoms during the curable stage."The other lesions are, however, not only s.intractable to any other form of treatmelit and are so readily relieved by surgical measures, but if left are so likely to be associated later with severe or fatal complicationsthat valuable time slould not be lost.I wotld regard, then, tlle indications for operative treatment as follows:1. Any case where the symptoms are such that one of the above lesions can be diagnosed with tolerable certainty.2. Any case commencing after the age of 35, which is not markedly relievc-d by a few weeks' adequate medical treatment.3. Any case wlhere symptoms have recurred after pre- vious attacks relieved bv medical treatment, especially if tlle symptoms have changed from those typical of a chronic gastric uleer.4. Any case in which the stomach shows definite evidence of distension, whether the symptoms are those of ulcer or carcinoma. 5. Any case in which a tumour is present suggesting any of the above conditions.6.Any case with i-epeated hacluorrlrage.I would lay special stress upon the fact that if rapid prog-ess is not made with adequate medical treatment operation should early be resorted to.With our present knowledge it affords the only certain method of diagnosis and cure, and if undertaken early many of the more hopeless complications can be entirely prevented.Also in cases of this nature no operation must be considered complete unless the stomach, duodentum, gall bladder, and appendix lhave all been examined.
Defective regulation of cholangiocyte Cl<sup>−</sup> /HCO<sup>−</sup> <sub>3</sub> and Na<sup>+</sup> /H<sup>+</sup> exchanger activities in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Saida Melero, Carlo Spirlì, Ákos Zsembery, Juan F. Medina, Ruth E. Joplin, Elena Duner, Massimo Zuin, James M. Neuberger, Jesús Prieto, Mario Strazzabosco
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a disorder of unknown origin with autoimmune features. Recently, impaired biliary secretion of bicarbonate has been shown in patients with PBC. Here we have investigated whether bile duct epithelial cells isolated from PBC patients exhibit defects in transepithelial bicarbonate transport by analyzing the activities of 2 ion exchangers, Cl − /HCO − 3 anion exchanger 2 (AE2) and Na + /H + exchanger (NHE) in isolated cholangiocytes. AE2 and NHE activities were studied in basal conditions and after stimulation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), respectively. Cholangiocytes were grown from needle liver biopsies from 12 PBC patients, 8 normal controls, and 9 patients with other liver diseases. Also, intrahepatic cholangiocytes were cultured after immunomagnetic isolation from normal liver tissue (n = 6), and from recipients undergoing liver transplantation for end-stage PBC (n = 9) and other forms of liver disease (n = 8). In needle-biopsy cholangiocytes, basal AE2 activity was significantly decreased in PBC as compared with normal livers and disease controls. In addition, we observed that though cAMP increased AE2 activity in cholangiocytes from both normal and non-PBC livers, this effect was absent in PBC cholangiocytes. Similarly, though in cholangiocytes from normal and disease control livers extracellular ATP induced a marked enhancement of NHE activity, cholangiocytes from PBC patients failed to respond to purinergic stimulation. In conclusion, our findings provide functional evidence that PBC cholangiocytes exhibit a widespread failure in the regulation of carriers involved in transepithelial H + /HCO − 3 transport, thus, providing a molecular basis for the impaired bicarbonate secretion in this cholestatic syndrome.