tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of postganglionic vagal stimulation on the organization of atrioventricular nodal conduction in isolated rabbit heart tissue.
Authors: T Mazgalev, L S Dreifus, E L Michelson, A Pelleg
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Postganglionic stimulation of vagal terminals (PGVS) in the isolated rabbit heart atrioventricular (AV) node was used to study the effects of cholinergic influence on AV nodal conduction. Standard microelectrode techniques were used to record action potentials, predominantly from cells located in the N region of the AV node. In addition, programmed stimulation was used in conjunction with PGVS to initiate or terminate AVN reentry. The introduction of a single short burst of PGVS (total duration 50 to 100 msec, impulse duration 1 msec, and interimpulse interval 6 msec) with subthreshold amplitude for AV node fibers caused reproducible disorganization of the prevailing excitation front. This was manifest as local nonuniform depression of conduction, hump formations in the action potentials, and alteration in the sequence of depolarization. The introduction of repetitive bursts of PGVS revealed a triphasic time course of changes in AV nodal conduction time, representing initial maximal prolongation, relative shortening, and secondary inhibition. It was found that these phases corresponded to vagally induced initial disorganization and a subsequent rebound process. Vagally induced disorganization of the sequence of action potential depolarization was also a triggering mechanism for concealed as well as manifest AV nodal reentry. In the latter case the reentry circuit usually involved the AN region and perinodal atrial tissue. PGVS-induced depression of the N region was also able to block the retrograde wavefront, thereby terminating reentry. The possible relationship of PGVS-induced disorganization of conduction and the inhomogeneous structure of AV node are discussed. The present results provide additional information for better understanding of the AV nodal conduction abnormalities observed clinically and particularly those related to AV node-vagus interaction.
Genetic evidence from two families that the apolipoprotein B gene is not involved in abetalipoproteinemia.
Authors: P J Talmud, J K Lloyd, D P Muller, D R Collins, J Scott, S Humphries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is a recessive disorder in which affected individuals have extremely low or undetectable levels of serum apo B-containing lipoproteins. Using restriction fragment length polymorphisms, we have studied two families, each with two children with classical ABL born of normal parents. In each of these families, the two affected children have inherited different apo B alleles from at least one parent, whereas the siblings would be anticipated to share common alleles if this disorder were due to an apo B gene mutation. This linkage study shows that in these families, the apo B gene is discordant with ABL and therefore the disorder is caused by a defect in another gene, which is important for the normal synthesis or secretion of apo B-containing lipoproteins from both the liver and intestine.
Sub‐lethal exposure of cockroaches to boric acid pesticide contributes to increased Bla g 2 excretion
Authors: Y. C. Zhang, M. S. Perzanowski, G. L. Chew
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Several epidemiology studies have found an increase in the major cockroach allergen Bla g 2 with reported pesticide use. Aims of the study: Our aim was to investigate the effect on the excretion of Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 allergens by cockroaches exposed to sub‐lethal doses of the pesticides, boric acid and hydramethylnon gel. Methods: German cockroaches in separate colonies were fed either boric acid or hydramethylnon gel at concentrations of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.01% in their water supply over a 2 week period. Ten colonies were exposed to each treatment concentration. Bla g 1 and Bla g 2 in fecal pellets were measured by ELISA. Results: Cockroaches exposed to boric acid excreted fecal pellets with significantly higher concentrations of Bla g 2 (35 400 U/g) than did controls (12 700 U/g) ( P = 0.001). Bla g 1 concentrations were not significantly different. There was no difference in either Bla g 1 or Bla g 2 concentrations between cockroaches that ingested hydramethylnon gel and those in the controls colonies. Conclusions: The application of boric acid, a common pesticide, appears to paradoxically increase the production of Bla g 2, a major allergen, by the surviving cockroaches. This may have important implications in avoidance strategies.
172 PROPHYLAXIS WITH BETA-BLOCKERS AND LOWER USE OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS MAY REDUCE THE PREVALENCE OF INFECTIONS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: C. Lucidi, V. Giannelli, M. Giusto, E. Gangitano, O. Riggio, A.F. Attili, M. Merli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Holland is criticised for the way it deported a mentally ill asylum seeker
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Dutch medical and human rights organisations have criticised the country's immigration service after a failed asylum seeker with schizophrenia committed suicide days after his deportation.

Andrej Donorov, 34, a Ukrainian, had been treated for the condition since he first sought asylum in the Netherlands in 2001. He had previously entered the European Union through Spain on a tourist visa.

Doctors advising the Dutch immigration service said he could be deported back to Spain only if there was a “thorough transfer of medical information.”

In 2003 he was deported without medical notes, in handcuffs and without medical help on his journey. On arrival he was …
CAN THE “BLEEDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH CONSORTIUM” (BARC) CLASSIFICATION BE APPLIED TO PULMONARY EMBOLISM?
Authors: Nicolas F. Meneveau, Fiona Ecarnot, Youssef El Omri, Romain Chopard, Marie–France Seronde, Sebastien Janin, Philoktimon Plastaras, Yvette Bernard, Francois Schiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Correction: Estimation of the Total Parasite Biomass in Acute Falciparum Malaria from Plasma PfHRP2
Authors: Arjen M Dondorp, Varunee Desakorn, Wirichada Pongtavornpinyo, Duangjai Sahassananda, Kamolrat Silamut, Kesinee Chotivanich, Paul N Newton, Punnee Pitisuttithum, A. M Smithyman, Nicholas J White, Nicholas P. J Day
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

In the third paragraph of the section "Neglected-Disease R&D Activity," the sentence "Nearly one-third of these projects are at the clinical trial stage, including seven drugs now in Phase III trials…" should read instead "Nearly one-third of these projects are at the clinical trial stage, including six drugs now in Phase III trials…."
Clinical profile of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Authors: J R Benotti, W Grossman, P F Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The characteristic hemodynamic features of restrictive cardiomyopathy (normal or reduced cardiac index, normal ventricular systolic function, and "dip and plateau" early in diastole) are traditionally associated with pathologic evidence of inflammation, infiltration and fibrosis. Prognosis is usually poor. Nine patients with restrictive hemodynamic features were recently identified in our laboratory; six were males, three were females, and ages ranged from 23-57 years (mean 47 years). Only one was asymptomatic. Chest pain, dyspnea on exertion and fatigue were the most common symptoms. Echocardiography revealed various degrees of left ventricular wall thickening, but no significant pericardial effusion, pericardial thickening or calcification. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 25 mm Hg, cardiac index 2.8 l/min/m2 and ejection fraction 0.63. Endomyocardial and pericardial biopsies, obtained in two patients, were normal. Follow-up (mean 22 months, range 16-42 months) revealed no cardiac deaths. These findings support the hypothesis that the restrictive hemodynamic profile does not necessarily indicate the presence of a specific pathologic process in the subendocardium or myocardium and that the prognosis is not necessarily ominous. The common pathophysiologic feature for this syndrome appears to be reduced ventricular diastolic compliance, but the etiology in many cases is unclear.
No Evidence of an Emerging Physician Surplus
Authors: William B. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article,<sup>1</sup>we analyzed data on changes in physicians' work load and income during the 1980s and concluded that the demand for physicians' services has equaled or exceeded the growth in physician supply. These findings run directly counter to the projections made by the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) that we would face a large physician surplus by 1990. In an editorial that accompanied our article, Dr Tarlov,<sup>2</sup>who headed the GMENAC study, is sharply critical of our conclusions. Tarlov disputes our finding concerning the sharp rise in physician income on the grounds that survey data from the American Medical Association used in our study are not corroborated by a medical economics survey. He fails to point out, however, that we verified the American Medical Association findings with income tax data gathered by the Internal Revenue Service. The nearperfect agreement between
TREATMENT OF FRACTURE OF THE NECK OF THE FEMUR.
Authors: CHAS. E. THOMSON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

For fifty years or more we find a sentiment pervading medical literature on the subject of fracture of the neck of the femur; that it is an irreparable injury; that a large percentage of these cases, being old, die of the trauma and shock following the accident, or the complications incident to it, viz. : Hypostatic congestion of the lungs from recumbent position or sepsis from bed sores; that the majority of those cases who live remain permanently disabled, getting about only on crutches or canes, on a badly deformed or functionally weak limb, the so-called fibrous union. In support of this sentiment allow me to quote from the days of Sir Astley Cooper down to the latest literature obtainable, as taught in text-books on surgery, medical journal articles and medical schools.  THE OLD TREATMENT.  Cooper.  —In reference to the first-named author, that great surgeon
High Intestinal Obstruction Presenting as Acute Renal Failure
Authors: E. C. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1962)

A group of patients with severe mitral stenosis but with multiple features has been analysed separately.Inevitably the operative risk was greater and the prospects of obtaining a good result were poorer, but the majority maintained worth-while improvement for some years.A subgroup with considerable cardiac enlargement, congestive failure, and atrial fibrillation were thought to have important myocardial damage and fared less well.Some degree of traumatic (operative) mitral incom- petence, as judged by auscultation, was produced in 97 (20%) of cases.In 72 of these there is nothing to suggest that the systolic murmur reflects mitral incom- petence of dynamic significance.In 14 patients (2.8% of the whole series) it is thought that the incompetence produced was responsible for death or for subsequent deterioration, and in another 11 (2.2%) it is a possible contributory cause; but other adverse factors are also present which could be responsible.Since the intro- duction of the transventricular dilator there has been a higher incidence of systolic murmurs produced but not of traumatic incompetence of dynamic significance.Clot was present in 107 of the 500 patients and systemic embolism occurred in 20% of those with clot.Clot is most likely to be present in those with atrial fibrillation, large hearts, calcified valves, and relatively advanced years.Embolism with sinus rhythm is rare but occurred in 10% of all those with atrial fibrillation.This incidence has fallen during the past five years.Subsequent embolism has occurred in 16 patients, but it is not yet possible to assess if this would have been greater without valvotomy.It is concluded from this analysis that, although most patients with severe mitral stenosis are improved by valvotomy, surgical treatment is but an incident in the relentless progress of rheumatic heart disease, whether from activity of the rheumatic process or from the progressive fibrosis which follows activity.The great majority of these patients were operated upon by Mr. Andrew Logan, to whom we are also indebted for the relevant data.
Health and Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Use: The Need for Improved Exposure Assessment
Authors: Maggie L. Clark, Jennifer L. Peel, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Patrick N. Breysse, Steven N. Chillrud, Luke P. Naeher, Charles E. Rodes, Alan F. Vette, John M. Balbus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Nearly 3 billion people worldwide rely on solid fuel combustion to meet basic household energy needs. The resulting exposure to air pollution causes an estimated 4.5% of the global burden of disease. Large variability and a lack of resources for research and development have resulted in highly uncertain exposure estimates.We sought to identify research priorities for exposure assessment that will more accurately and precisely define exposure-response relationships of household air pollution necessary to inform future cleaner-burning cookstove dissemination programs.As part of an international workshop in May 2011, an expert group characterized the state of the science and developed recommendations for exposure assessment of household air pollution.The following priority research areas were identified to explain variability and reduce uncertainty of household air pollution exposure measurements: improved characterization of spatial and temporal variability for studies examining both short- and long-term health effects; development and validation of measurement technology and approaches to conduct complex exposure assessments in resource-limited settings with a large range of pollutant concentrations; and development and validation of biomarkers for estimating dose. Addressing these priority research areas, which will inherently require an increased allocation of resources for cookstove research, will lead to better characterization of exposure-response relationships.Although the type and extent of exposure assessment will necessarily depend on the goal and design of the cookstove study, without improved understanding of exposure-response relationships, the level of air pollution reduction necessary to meet the health targets of cookstove interventions will remain uncertain.
Thyrotoxicosis induced by iodine contamination of food--a common unrecognised condition?
Authors: J C Stewart, G I Vidor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The incidence of thyrotoxicosis in northern Tasmania rose significantly in 1964, two years before an epidemic of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis was precipitated by the addition of iodate to bread to prevent goitre. Each time older patients accounted for most of the increase. The 1964 increase was probably iodine-induced as the use of iodophor disinfectants on dairy farms, which causes iodine residues in milk, began in 1963 and a fall in the prevalence of goitre in young children suggested an increase in dietary iodine at about that time. A further small increase in thyrotoxicosis in 1971 may also have been iodine-induced as it followed an extension of the use of iodophors. Dietary iodine is rising substantially in many places because of high iodine levels in milk and the use of iodine compounds in automated bread making, and this may be causing unsuspected iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Dietary iodine should be monitored regularly and clinicans alerted to any rise. Contamination of common foods with iodine should be more strictly controlled.
How Immunoglobulins Were Named
Authors: Neil L. Kao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 September 1992How Immunoglobulins Were NamedNeil L. Kao, MDNeil L. Kao, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-5-445_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The silver anniversary of the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 1991 prompted me to learn its history (1). Because even some of my immunology colleagues were not familiar with how and why immunoglobulins were named. I thought Annals readers might also be interested.In 1890, von Behring and Kitasato (2) recognized a specific transferrable neutralizing substance in the blood of animals immunized with tetanus toxin. Later these "antibodies" were found to be produced against most foreign proteins. In 1939, soon after electrophoresis was used to separate the proteins in plasma, Tiselius and Kabat (3) localized the...References1. IshizakaIshizakaHornbrook KTM. Physico-chemical properties of human reaginic antibody. IV. Presence of a unique immunoglobulin as a carrier of reaginic activity. J Immunol. 1966;97:75-85. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. von Behring K. Ueber das zustandekommen der diphtherie-immunität und der tetanus-immunität bei thieren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1890;16:1113-4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. TiseliusRabat AE. An electrophoretic study of immune sera and purified antibody preparations. J Exp Med. 1939;69:119-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Nomenclature for human immunoglobulin. Bull WHO. 1964;30:447-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. RoweFahey DJ. A new class of human immunoglobulins. I. A unique myeloma protein. J Exp Med. 1965;171-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 1725 W. Harrison Street Chicago, IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBorrowed Antibodies: The Characteristics and Roles of Immune Globulins 1 September 1992Volume 117, Issue 5Page: 445-445KeywordsAntibodiesBloodBlood plasmaImmunologyPlasma proteinsProteinsTetanusToxins Issue Published: 1 September 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
DILATATION OF THE STOMACH, WITH REPORTS OF CASES TREATED BY DIET, MASSAGE AND INTRAGASTRIC ELECTRICITY.
Authors: BOARDMAN REED
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There has been a tendency of late among writers to regard enlargements of the stomach as of little or no consequence, unless very excessive and complicated by such a degree of muscular weakness as to render the organ incapable of emptying itself at any time during the twenty-four hours. Some recent authors do not give any place to dilatation of the stomach as a distinct or separate entity, but describe it incidentally under the heads of motor insufficiency and obstruction at or near the the pylorus, on the ground that it is a mere sequela or consequence of one of these. But, notwithstanding the high authority which exists for a contrary view, the writer insists that there is a normal size for stomachs as much as for hearts, and that any notable enlargement of either, plus decided insufficiency, constitutes dilatation. It is granted that it is not in either case
Behcet's disease in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia under hydroxyurea treatment: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: George Vaiopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Nora Viniou, Konstantinos Nodaros, John Rombos, Dimitris Loukopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing vasculitis of unknown etiology. Its association with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is extremely rare, and typical manifestations of BD were observed in a very few patients with CML, mainly under interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment. Skin pathergy test, being positive in about 50% of patients with BD, is also positive in some IFN-alpha-treated patients with CML without any evidence of BD symptoms. We describe a 62-year-old woman with CML who developed characteristic features of BD, including a positive skin hyperactivity test, during treatment with hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea has been implicated in the appearance of skin vasculitic ulceration, but this is the first case, according to our knowledge, where the development of BD was observed during hydroxyurea maintenance in the chronic phase of CML.
Genetic Disorders of Human Red Blood Cells
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Human red blood cells (RBCs) are subject to an enormous degree of genetic diversity. The variability that occurs may result in anemia, cyanosis, polycythemia, or may cause no hematologic alterations. Genetic abnormalities affecting hemoglobin include the sickling disorders, the unstable hemoglobinopathies, hemoglobinopathies associated with polycythemia or with methemoglobinemia, and the α- and β-thalassemias. The most common enzymatic abnormality of RBCs is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, but defects of many other enzymes leading to hemolytic anemia have been identified. Deficiencies of RBC enzymes may also be important in the diagnosis of nonhematologic disease and in the evaluation of dietary status. (<i>JAMA</i>233:1184-1188, 1975)
Inherited Arrhythmias
Authors: Stephan E. Lehnart, Michael J. Ackerman, D. Woodrow Benson, Ramon Brugada, Colleen E. Clancy, J. Kevin Donahue, Alfred L. George, Augustus O. Grant, Stephen C. Groft, Craig T. January, David A. Lathrop, W. Jonathan Lederer, Jonathan C. Makielski, Peter J. Mohler, Arthur Moss, Jeanne M. Nerbonne, Timothy M. Olson, Dennis A. Przywara, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Lan-Hsiang Wang, Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office of Rare Diseases at the National Institutes of Health organized a workshop (September 14 to 15, 2006, in Bethesda, Md) to advise on new research directions needed for improved identification and treatment of rare inherited arrhythmias. These included the following: (1) Na+ channelopathies; (2) arrhythmias due to K+ channel mutations; and (3) arrhythmias due to other inherited arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Another major goal was to provide recommendations to support, enable, or facilitate research to improve future diagnosis and management of inherited arrhythmias. Classifications of electric heart diseases have proved to be exceedingly complex and in many respects contradictory. A new contemporary and rigorous classification of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies is proposed. This consensus report provides an important framework and overview to this increasingly heterogeneous group of primary cardiac membrane channel diseases. Of particular note, the present classification scheme recognizes the rapid evolution of molecular biology and novel therapeutic approaches in cardiology, as well as the introduction of many recently described diseases, and is unique in that it incorporates ion channelopathies as a primary cardiomyopathy in consensus with a recent American Heart Association Scientific Statement.
Looking after the health of refugees
Authors: Y. Fassil
Journal: BMJ (2000)

here were bodies everywhere at the Tate Modern on May's bank holiday weekend, not only hanging on the gallery walls but streaming through the entrance in vast numbers.The doors were closed to visitors for a while, perhaps the first time that crowd control has been needed in a public art space.The Tate gallery's 20th century collection, housed in a disused power station on the banks of the Thames, has been divided into four broad themes-"Landscape, Still Life, History, and Nude/Action/Body."Entering the gallery through the vast and physically imposing turbine hall, our own bodies seem incredibly small.Other humans seem tiny as we rise above them on the escalators to "Nude/Action/Body" on level five, a cultural hall of mirrors reflecting how artists have looked at the human figure.Just outside the entrance is Rodin's The Kiss, the art world's most famous embrace