tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ozone and limonene in indoor air: a source of submicron particle exposure.
Authors: T Wainman, J Zhang, C J Weschler, P J Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Little information currently exists regarding the occurrence of secondary organic aerosol formation in indoor air. Smog chamber studies have demonstrated that high aerosol yields result from the reaction of ozone with terpenes, both of which commonly occur in indoor air. However, smog chambers are typically static systems, whereas indoor environments are dynamic. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the potential for secondary aerosol in indoor air as a result of the reaction of ozone with d-limonene, a compound commonly used in air fresheners. A dynamic chamber design was used in which a smaller chamber was nested inside a larger one, with air exchange occurring between the two. The inner chamber was used to represent a model indoor environment and was operated at an air exchange rate below 1 exchange/hr, while the outer chamber was operated at a high air exchange rate of approximately 45 exchanges/hr. Limonene was introduced into the inner chamber either by the evaporation of reagent-grade d-limonene or by inserting a lemon-scented, solid air freshener. A series of ozone injections were made into the inner chamber during the course of each experiment, and an optical particle counter was used to measure the particle concentration. Measurable particle formation and growth occurred almost exclusively in the 0.1-0.2 microm and 0.2-0.3 microm size fractions in all of the experiments. Particle formation in the 0.1-0.2 microm size range occurred as soon as ozone was introduced, but the formation of particles in the 0.2-0.3 microm size range did not occur until at least the second ozone injection occurred. The results of this study show a clear potential for significant particle concentrations to be produced in indoor environments as a result of secondary particle formation via the ozone-limonene reaction. Because people spend the majority of their time indoors, secondary particles formed in indoor environments may make a significant contribution to overall particle exposure. This study provides data for assessing the impact of outdoor ozone on indoor particles. This is important to determine the efficacy of the mass-based particulate matter standards in protecting public health because the indoor secondary particles can vary coincidently with the variations of outdoor fine particles in summer.
A Shift From Cell Cultures to Creatures: In Vivo Imaging of Small Animals in Experimental Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Anna J Studwell, Darrell N Kotton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Although the use of small animals for in vivo experimentation has been widespread, only recently has there been easy availability of techniques that allow noninvasive in vivo imaging of small animals. Because these techniques allow the same individual subject to be followed longitudinally throughout the duration of an experiment, their use is rapidly changing the way small animals are employed in the laboratory. In this review, we focus on six imaging modalities that are increasingly employed for small animal in vivo imaging: optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and positron-emission tomography (PET). Each modality allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells and cell products in vivo. In addition, multimodality imaging, combining two or more of these techniques, has also been increasingly employed to overcome the limitations of each independent technique. After reviewing these available imaging modalities, we detail their experimental application, exemplified by the emerging field of regenerative medicine, referring to publications whose conclusions would otherwise be difficult to support without the availability of in vivo imaging.
The New Beta-Lactamase-Stable Cephalosporins
Authors: HAROLD C. NEU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The proliferation of new beta-lactam compounds is due to the increased resistance of gram-negative bacteria to existing compounds, an increased awareness of the toxic potential of other antimicrobial agents such as the aminoglycosides, and advances in chemistry that allow production of new cephalosporins or oxacephem compounds with extraordinary in-vitro action. The antibacterial spectrum of the new cephalosporins, combined with their excellent pharmacokinetic properties and retention of the safety of the older agents of this class, suggest that these drugs can be used in many clinical situations. But the manner in which the new cephalosporins should replace the older agents is not known. The new cephalosporins should not be used to treat infections that can be effectively cured with inexpensive older penicillins or cephalosporins.
INHIBITION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE BY AMINOACETONITRILE
Authors: J. J. Clemmons, E. B. Jackson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Aminoacetonitrile (AAN) decomposes with the formation of a substance that is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase. The inhibitor is probably cyanide. Connective tissue contains cytochrome oxidase that varies in amount with the maturity of the tissue and is also inhibited by the product of AAN decomposition.
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids applied to mucous membranes
Authors: A.J. BIRCHER, F. PELLONI, S.LANGAUER MESSMER, D. MÜLLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Despite the widespread use of corticosteroids on the mucous membranes of the nose, eye and bronchial tree, mucosal contact sensitivity has apparently been uncommon. However, since the introduction of new corticosteroids such as tixocortol pivalate and budesonide, mucosal contact sensitivity, particularly that affecting the nasal mucosa, has increasingly been reported. Contact allergy on other mucosal surfaces and in the bronchial tree is very rare. We report three women who had contact allergy to tixocortol pivalate or budesonide in nasal sprays, and one woman who had an allergic contact stomatitis from tixocortol pivalate in oral lozenges.
Ceritinib in<i>ALK</i>-Rearranged Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alice T. Shaw, Dong-Wan Kim, Ranee Mehra, Daniel S.W. Tan, Enriqueta Felip, Laura Q.M. Chow, D. Ross Camidge, Johan Vansteenkiste, Sunil Sharma, Tommaso De Pas, Gregory J. Riely, Benjamin J. Solomon, Juergen Wolf, Michael Thomas, Martin Schuler, Geoffrey Liu, Armando Santoro, Yvonne Y. Lau, Meredith Goldwasser, Anthony L. Boral, Jeffrey A. Engelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangement is sensitive to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib, but resistance invariably develops. Ceritinib (LDK378) is a new ALK inhibitor that has shown greater antitumor potency than crizotinib in preclinical studies.In this phase 1 study, we administered oral ceritinib in doses of 50 to 750 mg once daily to patients with advanced cancers harboring genetic alterations in ALK. In an expansion phase of the study, patients received the maximum tolerated dose. Patients were assessed to determine the safety, pharmacokinetic properties, and antitumor activity of ceritinib. Tumor biopsies were performed before ceritinib treatment to identify resistance mutations in ALK in a group of patients with NSCLC who had had disease progression during treatment with crizotinib.A total of 59 patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase. The maximum tolerated dose of ceritinib was 750 mg once daily; dose-limiting toxic events included diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, elevated aminotransferase levels, and hypophosphatemia. This phase was followed by an expansion phase, in which an additional 71 patients were treated, for a total of 130 patients overall. Among 114 patients with NSCLC who received at least 400 mg of ceritinib per day, the overall response rate was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48 to 67). Among 80 patients who had received crizotinib previously, the response rate was 56% (95% CI, 45 to 67). Responses were observed in patients with various resistance mutations in ALK and in patients without detectable mutations. Among patients with NSCLC who received at least 400 mg of ceritinib per day, the median progression-free survival was 7.0 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 9.5).Ceritinib was highly active in patients with advanced, ALK-rearranged NSCLC, including those who had had disease progression during crizotinib treatment, regardless of the presence of resistance mutations in ALK. (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01283516.).
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia And Histiocytic Medullary Reticulocytosis-Reply
Authors: David P. Shreiner
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Dr Simmons may be quite right that the mediastinal mass may have been of thymic origin and that this was also the source of the abnormal cells. I do not know of any way to investigate this possibility.  The illustrations of thymus from a pregnant guinea pig purporting to show eosinophilic globules are unconvincing. Dr Simmon's argument that globules rather than red blood cells were seen might be more persuasive if illustrations of human leukemic cells had been provided. I have never observed such globules in leukemic cells that could be mistaken for erythrocytes. Furthermore, the illustrations in the original report were of malignant histiocytes in the bone marrow and lymph node, not in the spleen. Although overlying red blood cells might be confused with erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow, the normal absence of red blood cells in lymph nodes would make this error very unlikely.  The presence
Strictly discrete serial stages and contextual appropriateness
Authors: J. D. Jescheniak, H. Schriefers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

According to the theory of lexical access presented by Levelt, Roelofs &amp; Meyer, processing of semantic–syntactic information (i.e., lemma information) and phonological information (i.e., lexeme information) proceeds in a strictly discrete, serial manner. We will evaluate this claim in light of recent evidence from the literature and unpublished findings from our laboratory.
Food antigen causes TH2-dependent enteropathy followed by tissue repair in T-cell receptor transgenic mice
Authors: Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi, Ayumi Ebihara, Akira Kikuchi, Tsuyoshi Ishida, Kiyomi Sasaki, Kiyomi Hirano, Hiroko Watanabe, Kazumi Asai, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Yutaka Kanamori, Naoki Shimojo, Hiroshi Matsuda, Yoichi Kohno, Satoshi Hachimura, Shuichi Kaminogawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Action of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs on human and rat peripheral leucocyte migration in vitro.
Authors: K A Brown, A J Collins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Using an in vitro system of cell migration from glass capillary tubes, the nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agents sodium salicylate, aspirin, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone, and indomethacin were shown to inhibit the migration of human peripheral leucocytes in a dose-related manner. This drug action was not confined to one species, as shown by the modification of rat peripheral leucocyte motility by sodium salicylate and aspirin. The relevance of the human findings to the clinical effectiveness of these agents is discussed.
The Paradox of Health
Authors: A J Barsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Although the collective health of the nation has improved dramatically in the past 30 years, surveys reveal declining satisfaction with personal health during the same period. Increasingly, respondents report greater numbers of disturbing somatic symptoms, more disability, and more feelings of general illness. Four factors contribute to the discrepancy between the objective and subjective states of health. First, advances in medical care have lowered the mortality rate of acute infectious diseases, resulting in a comparatively increased prevalence of chronic and degenerative disorders. Second, society's heightened consciousness of health has led to greater self-scrutiny and an amplified awareness of bodily symptoms and feelings of illness. Third, the widespread commercialization of health and the increasing focus on health issues in the media have created a climate of apprehension, insecurity, and alarm about disease. Finally, the progressive medicalization of daily life has brought unrealistic expectations of cure that make untreatable infirmities and unavoidable ailments seem even worse. Physicians should become more aware of these paradoxical consequences of medical progress so that they do not inadvertently contribute to a rising public dissatisfaction with medicine and medical care.
THE SERUM FERMENTS AND ANTIFERMENT DURING PNEUMONIA
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen, A. A. Eggstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. The crisis in pneumonia is usually accompanied by (a) decrease in the serum antiferment; (b) the mobilization of a non-specific protease in the serum; (c) an increase in serum lipase; (d) a decrease in the non-coagulable nitrogen, and of the proteoses in the serum. 2. The crisis is associated with the beginning of an active autolysis, the latter depending on an altered relation between the ferment-antiferment balance. 3. The fibrin and leucocytic debris must be considered as one of the potential sources of toxic substances. With rapid autolysis proceeding, only non-toxic materials are absorbed.
Phosphorylation of p130 <sup>Cas</sup> by Angiotensin II Is Dependent on c-Src, Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> , and Protein Kinase C
Authors: Peter P. Sayeski, M. Showkat Ali, Joyce B. Harp, Mario B. Marrero, Kenneth E. Bernstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —p130 Cas is a signaling molecule that was initially found to be tyrosine-phosphorylated in v-Crk and v-Src transformed cells. We characterized the regulation of p130 Cas tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells by angiotensin II (Ang II). This ligand induced a transient increase in p130 Cas tyrosine phosphorylation, which was sensitive to the actin polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D and to the intracellular Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM but not the Ca 2+ channel blocker verapamil. The Ang II–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130 Cas was also dependent on an active Src family tyrosine kinase, since it could be blocked by the Src kinase inhibitors geldanamycin and PP1. Ang II treatment resulted in the ability of p130 Cas to bind at least 11 different phosphate-containing proteins. Analysis of these proteins revealed that protein kinase Cα and the cell adhesion signaling molecule pp120 formed temporal associations with p130 Cas in response to Ang II. c-Src was found to associate with p130 Cas in a manner that was independent of Ang II treatment. Inhibition of protein kinase C by either calphostin C or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate downregulation inhibited the Ang II–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p130 Cas . These results are the first to demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphorylation of p130 Cas by Ang II is transduced by the Src, intracellular Ca 2+ , protein kinase C signaling pathway.
Acquisition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific carbohydrate differentiation antigens.
Authors: L Lefrancois, L Puddington, C E Machamer, M J Bevan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Cytotoxic T cell (CTL)-specific activation antigens, termed CT determinants, have been detected by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that inhibit CTL function. At the cell surface, the CT antigens are associated with the T200 glycoproteins and two other proteins of Mr 140,000 and 85,000 and are present on a secreted protein, gp155. Periodate treatment followed by binding analysis and immunoprecipitation experiments using tunicamycin-treated cells indicated that carbohydrate is necessary for CT antigen expression. Furthermore, gp155 is secreted in the presence of tunicamycin while retaining the CT antigens, and the CT determinants are added late in T200 biosynthesis, suggesting that the CT glycans are O-linked. Finally, interleukin 2 was shown to dramatically influence the expression of the CT mAb-reactive oligosaccharides present at the CTL cell surface.
A memorable accident
Authors: Charlotte Wright
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I fell off my bike two days ago. As I write this, I have come back to my desk, having had my dressing changed in the casualty department. The staff fussed over it a bit but pronounced the elbow wound uninfected and probably coming on well. What might have been happening today if things had been different?

I might have been shakily going home from hospital after two days' observation for a fractured skull and concussion, debating when I could safely go back to work and whether I would be able to give a conference paper next …
Use of albumin
Authors: N. G B Richardson, D. F O'Shaughnessy
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objective</h3> To study minimal important differences (MID) in spondyloarthropathies (SpA). MID are important in determining clinically relevant changes and for interpretation of trials and treating patients. MID have been widely studied in rheumatoid arthritis, but less so in SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with SpA had to be seen for 2 consecutive visits and have completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and 100 mm visual analog scale on both visits for fatigue, pain, sleep, and global assessment. At the second visit they had to answer a question regarding any change in their overall health (from last visit), responding with much better, better, same, worse, or much worse. The MID were the mean changes for those who were either better or worse. <h3>Results</h3> Our study involved 140 eligible patients with a SpA: 69% were men, the mean age was 45 years, and the mean disease duration was 14.5 years. Almost half the patients rated themselves as unchanged from the previous visit but the remainder were either better or worse, with a minority rating themselves as much better or much worse. The MID for better and worse outcomes were HAQ (–0.136; 0.220), pain (–6.93; 18.97), fatigue (–1.43; 14.42), and sleep (–2.23; 10.76). No gender differences were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate that the MID vary depending on better versus worse (bidirectionally different). MID may be smaller in clinical practice than what is observed in trials.
Erratum: Corrigendum: VEGF modulates erythropoiesis through regulation of adult hepatic erythropoietin synthesis
Authors: Betty YFY Tam, Kevin Wei, John S Rudge, Jana Hoffman, Joceyln Holash, Sang-ki Park, Jenny Yuan, Colleen Hefner, Cecile Chartier, Jeng-Shin Lee, Shelly Jiang, Nihar R Nayak, Frans A Kuypers, Lisa Ma, Uma Sundram, Grace Wu, Joseph A Garcia, Stanley L Schrier, Jacquelyn J Maher, Randall S Johnson, George D Yancopoulos, Richard C Mulligan, Calvin J Kuo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
BNP SERUM LEVELS COMPETE FAVORABLY TO ESTABLISHED CLINICAL RISK SCORES FOR ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY PREOPERATIVE RISK EVALUATION
Authors: Spiridon M. Katsanos, Kafkas Nikolaos, Triantafilloy Konstantinos, Christou Apostolis, Makris Kostantinos, kyriakou Loukas, Drakopoulos Ioannis, Babalis Dimitrios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450s, GSTs, NATs, alcohol consumption and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yonghong Li, Tongzhang Zheng, Briseis A. Kilfoy, Qing Lan, Theodore Holford, Xuesong Han, Ping Zhao, Min Dai, Brian Leaderer, Nat Rothman, Yawei Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450s (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and N-acetyltransferases (NATs) genes modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a population-based, case-control study including 1,115 Connecticut women. Although we did not find strong evidence that the genetic polymorphisms modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of NHL, we identified significant interactions for multiple GSTs and NATs and alcohol intake among persons with DLBCL. Our results confer support investigation of the gene-environment interaction in a larger study population of DLBCL.
P-selectin deficiency exacerbates experimental glomerulonephritis: a protective role for endothelial P-selectin in inflammation
Authors: Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Donna L. Mendrick, Ramzi S. Cotran, Tanya N. Mayadas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

P-selectin is a leukocyte adhesion receptor present in endothelial cells and platelets. We examined the role of P-selectin in the autologous phase of an accelerated model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis using P-selectin–deficient mice and chimeric mice expressing P-selectin only in platelets or endothelial cells. P-selectin–deficient mice exhibited more severe glomerular damage with increased interstitial mononuclear leukocytic infiltrates, and had significantly increased proteinuria and mortality when compared to wild-type mice. P-selectin on the endothelium was predominantly responsible for protection from the exacerbated disease, because chimeric mice with endothelial P-selectin, and not mice with platelet P-selectin, showed glomerular injury similar to that in wild-type animals. Levels of soluble circulating P-selectin were increased in nephritic wild-type mice and in chimeric mice with endothelial P-selectin, but not platelet P-selectin. Levels of soluble P-selectin, which has been shown to be anti-inflammatory in vitro, were inversely associated with the severity of disease. P-selectin was not expressed in the endothelium of the glomerulus or interstitium. Thus, the protective effect in wild-type mice may be accounted for, in part by soluble P-selectin shed by non-renal endothelial cells, although other endothelial P-selectin–dependent mechanisms cannot be ruled out.
Environmental factors in stroke rehabilitation
Authors: L. W. Holmqvist
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Polygenic scores (PGS) are individual-level measures that quantify the genetic contribution to a given trait. PGS have predominantly been developed using European ancestry samples and recent studies have shown that the predictive performance of European ancestry-derived PGS is lower in non-European ancestry samples, reflecting differences in linkage disequilibrium, variant frequencies, and variant effects across populations. However, the problem of how best to maximize performance within any one ancestry group given the data available, and the extent to which this varies between traits, are largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the effect of sample size and ancestry composition on the predictive performance of PGS for fifteen traits in UK Biobank and evaluate an importance reweighting approach that aims to counteract the under-representation of certain groups within training data. We find that, for a minority of the traits, PGS estimated using a relatively small number of Black/Black British individuals outperformed, on a Black/Black British test set, scores estimated using a much larger number of White individuals. For example, a PGS for mean corpuscular volume trained on only Black individuals achieved a 4-fold improvement on a corresponding PGS trained on only White individuals. For the remainder of the traits, the reverse was true; a PGS for height trained on only Black/Black British individuals explained less than 0.5% of the variance in height in a Black/Black British test set, compared to 3.9% for a PGS trained on a much larger training set consisting of only White individuals. We find that while importance weighting provides moderate benefit for some traits (for example, 40% improvement for mean corpuscular volume compared to no reweighting), the improvement is modest in most cases, arguing that only targeted collection of data from underrepresented groups can address differences in PGS performance.