tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Chenodeoxycholic Acid in Man
Authors: S. Shefer, F. W. Cheng, A. K. Batta, B. Dayal, G. S. Tint, G. Salen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Stereospecific side-chain hydroxylations of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol were studied in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of human liver. Incubation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol resulted in hydroxylations at C-12, C-24, C-25, and C-26. Hydroxylations at C-24 and C-26 were accompanied by the introduction of additional asymmetric carbon atoms at C-24 and C-25 respectively, that led to the formation of two distinct pairs of diastereoisomers, namely 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,24-triols (24R and 24S) and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triols (25R and 25S). A sensitive and reproducible radioactive assay to measure the formation of the different biosynthetic 5beta-cholestanetriols was developed. Optimal assay conditions for human mitochondrial and microsomal systems were tentatively established.The mitochondrial fraction was found to predominantly catalyze the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol with the formation of the 25R-diastereoisomer of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triol as the major product. In the microsomal fraction, on the other hand, 25-hydroxylation was more efficient than 26-hydroxylation and accounted for 6.4% of the total hydroxylations. The microsomes catalyzed the formation of both diastereoisomers of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triol (25R and 25S, 4.2 and 1.6% respectively). These experiments suggest that the initial step in the degradation of the steroid side chain during the biosynthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid in man is mediated by the mitochondria, and involves the formation of the 25R-diastereoisomer of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triol. The role of the microsomal 25- and 26-hydroxylated intermediates requires further exploration.
Prevalence of acupuncture and complementary medicine use in women with breast cancer.
Authors: B. Oh, R. Venkateswaran, J. M. Beith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19627 Background: The use of complementary medicine in cancer patients is increasing. However there are no recent statistics of acupuncture use in women with breast cancer in Australia. We conducted a a survey to determine the prevalence and types of CM used, with an emphasis on acupuncture use, in women with breast cancer. Methods: One hundred women with breast cancer were randomly selected from all breast cancer patients, both early and advanced stage, attending medical oncology clinics at a university teaching hospital and invited to participate in the survey. Results: Between October 2007 and March 2008, 100 women with breast cancer completed the survey. The median age group was 50-65 years old and it was over 3 years since diagnosis in 74% of women. The prevalence of CM use was 73% and acupuncture 30%. Vitamin supplements, herbal medicines, relaxation techniques and special exercises (yoga, tai chi, qi gong) were most frequently used. Of acupuncture users (n=30) 43% had only used acupuncture after their diagnosis of breast cancer, 50% for cancer related symptoms and 50% for non-cancer related symptoms. The majority of women (77%) had not revealed their acupuncture use to the medical oncologist, predominantly because they had not been specifically asked about its use. The main reason for using acupuncture was to improve symptoms (67%). Two thirds of women thought acupuncture was effective, 30% was too difficult to judge and 7% thought it was ineffective. Seventy eight per cent of patients indicated they would consider using acupuncture if it was offered. Conclusions: A substantial portion of breast cancer patients use acupuncture and other CM. Health care providers need to be aware of patient's CM use and should discuss use of CM during the consultation. The benefit of acupuncture and CM needs to be assessed in scientific studies to ascertain if there is potential value for breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Follow up survey in Taunton shows high level of satisfaction
Authors: M. Sowter, K. Bidgood
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—S B Pinion and colleagues show that hysteroscopic surgery is associated with high levels of satisfaction among patients.1 We recently wrote to 217 women who had had endometrial resections in our hospital between 1990 and 1993 and obtained similar findings; in addition we found that the satisfaction was maintained during over three years of follow up.

A total of 223 women underwent endometrial resection. Five required an intraoperative hysterectomy, and the remaining 217 women were sent a questionnaire last September. Altogether 204 (94%) women replied. The mean follow up time was 25.1 months (range 9-44 months). Sixty …
Abstract P050: Glycated Hemoglobin Versus Fasting Glucose in Defining Metabolic Syndrome and Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Julie K Bower, Vijay Nambi, Mariana Lazo, Andreea Rawlings, Meredith C Foster, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction. Fasting glucose (FG) is part of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a measure of 2-3 month endogenous glucose exposure and is now recommended for diabetes diagnosis and screening for high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate if replacing FG with HbA1c to define MetS improves prediction of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Methods. We included 11,194 ARIC participants without diabetes (based on diagnosis, medication use, FG ≥126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%) or prevalent CHD at baseline (1990-92). Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for age, race, and study center) were used to compare the association between MetS defined using HbA1c (5.7-6.4%) or FG (100-125 mg/dL, based on ATP III guidelines) and risk of CHD (defined by myocardial infarction or fatal CHD, event data available through 2009). Results. Study participants had a mean age at baseline of 57 years, 43% were male, and 79% were white; median follow-up time was 16 years. Thirty-four percent of the study population had both normal FG (&lt;100 mg/dL) and HbA1c (&lt;5.7%), 37% had elevated FG and normal HbA1c, 4% had normal FG and elevated HbA1c, and 25% had both elevated FG (100-125 mg/dL) and HbA1c (5.7-6.4%). The association of combined FG and HbA1c categories with incident CHD are shown in the Figure. The adjusted hazard ratio predicting for incident CHD from MetS status was 1.43 (95% CI: 1.25-1.63, c-statistic: 0.61) using FG in the definition of MetS and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.48-1.93, c-statistic: 0.62) in the model replacing FG with HbA1c. Conclusions. Incorporating HbA1c into the definition of the MetS may help in identifying individuals who should be targeted for aggressive CHD risk factor reduction. Additionally, HbA1c may be useful clinically and in research settings for identifying individuals with MetS in cases where FG measures are not available.
Cholesteatoma
Authors: M. F. Bhutta, I. G. Williamson, H. H. Sudhoff
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A cholesteatoma is a lesion of the ear, formed of a mass of stratified keratinising squamous epithelium (fig 1⇓).1 Aetiology is debated,2 but cholesteatoma probably arises from the lateral epithelium of the tympanic membrane, and then grows as a self perpetuating mass into the middle ear. This may activate local osteoclasts,3 possibly as a result of infection of dead epithelium at the centre of the lesion, with potentially serious consequences from local tissue destruction. Fig 1 Left: Cholesteatoma (red arrow) arising in the upper part (pars flaccida or "attic") of left tympanic membrane. Note erosion of surrounding bone (blue arrow). Right: Normal tympanic membrane (left ear) for comparison #### Case scenario A 24 year old man presented to his general practitioner several times over a year with an intermittently discharging left ear and associated hearing loss. Visualisation of the tympanic membrane was not possible owing to otorrhoea and oedema in the external auditory canal. He was treated for presumed otitis externa with repeated courses of topical antibiotic drops, but as improvement was only temporary he was referred to a specialist. An otolaryngologist cleared the external auditory canal of debris ("aural toilet") and discovered a cholesteatoma arising from the left tympanic membrane; this was successfully treated by surgical excision. #### How common is cholesteatoma?
Alteration of Actin Organization by Jaspamide Inhibits Ruffling, but not Phagocytosis or Oxidative Burst, in HL-60 Cells and Human Monocytes
Authors: Ina Fabian, Drora Halperin, Smadar Lefter, Leonid Mittelman, Rom T. Altstock, Osnat Seaon, Ilan Tsarfaty
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 13701: The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome and Platelet Activity as Measured by Mean Platelet Volume, Tte National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004
Authors: Binita Shah, Daohang Sha, Dawei Xie, Emile R Mohler, Jeffrey S Berger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of platelet mediated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the association between platelet activity, diabetes, and glucometabolic control ...
Abstract 12280: Peripheral Nerve is Critical for Vasa Vasorum Maturation in Injured Vascular Walls. -Effects of Substance P on Pericytes-Mediated Vascular Maturation
Authors: Akira Asanome, Jun-ichi Kawabe, Maki Kabara, Motoki Matsuki, Atsushi Yamauchi, Naoki Nakagawa, Hisanobu Ota, Naofumi Takehara, Hiroki Bochimoto, Yoshiki Hira, Naoyuki Hasebe
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Immature vasa vasorum (VV) have been implicated to induce the formation of unstable plaques. Normalization of VV within plaque would be attractive therapeutic approach for acute coronary syndrome. ...
Abstract 13790: Treatment, Costs, and 12-Month Outcomes by GRACE Risk Score in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Attila Mohacsi, Andres Iniguez, Stefan James, Jean Ferrieres, Gregory Pavlides, Magali Sartral, Mark Belger, Molly Tomlin, Kirsi Norrbacka, Walid Fakhouri
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives To assess treatment, costs, and 12-month outcomes by Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous co...
Abstract 16312: Interaction between Loop Diuretic Associated Mortality and Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentration in Chronic Heart Failure: Insights from the BEST trial limited dataset
Authors: Jeffrey M Testani, Richard P Shannon, S E Kimmel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Loop diuretics are commonly used to control congestive symptoms in heart failure, however, these agents cause neurohormonal activation and are associated with worsened survival. Given that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increase with neurohormonal activation, we hypothesized that if the adverse effects of high dose loop diuretics are secondary to renally mediated neurohormonal activation then their association with survival may differ depending on BUN level.   Methods:  Subjects in the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial receiving loop diuretics at baseline were analyzed (n=2456). The primary endpoint was all cause mortality.   Results:  In the overall cohort, high dose loop diuretic use (>/=160 mg/day) was associated with decreased survival (HR=1.56, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.80). However, after extensively controlling for baseline characteristics, this association did not persist (HR=1.06, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.26, p=0.49). In subjects with BUN levels above the median, both the unadjusted (HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.88, p   Conclusions:  The risk associated with high dose loop diuretic use is strongly dependent on BUN concentrations with reduced survival in patients with elevated BUN and improved survival in patients with normal BUN. These data suggest a prominent role for neurohormonal activation in high dose loop diuretic associated mortality.
Abstract 12001: AFCAS, a Prospective Multicenter Registry of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting: Comparison of Chads2- with Cha2ds2-vasc Score
Authors: Axel Schlitt, Andrea Rubboli, Heli Lathela, Jose Valencia, Gregory Y Lip, Pasi Karjalainen, Michael Weber, Mika Laine, Paulus Kirchhof, Matti Niemela, Michael Buerke, Juhani Airaksinen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Current European guidelines on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recommend the use of the new CHA2DS2-VASc score to complement the simple CHADS2 score to assist st...
Apoptotic pathway activation from mitochondria and death receptors without caspase-3 cleavage in failing human myocardium
Authors: Robert J Scheubel, Babett Bartling, Andreas Simm, Rolf-Edgar Silber, Kostas Drogaris, Dorothea Darmer, Juergen Holtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 2242: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is Associated With More Severe Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Compared to Hypertensive Heart Disease: Demonstration by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging
Authors: Toshiki Nagakura, Hiromi Nakai, Tomoko Nishikage, Michiko Kokumai, Shinichiro Otani, Masaaki Takeuchi
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 16057: Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated With Abnormal Insulin-Mediated eNOS Regulation and NF{kappa}B Activation in Endothelial Cells From Diabetic Patients
Authors: Corey E Tabit, Sherene M Shenouda, Monika Holbrook, Alissa A Frame, Matthew A Kluge, Mai-Ann Duess, Brian H Kim, Aaron D Levit, Joseph A Vita, Naomi M Hamburg
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Disruption of endothelial function contributes to cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Experimental studies suggest that impaired endothelial insulin signaling leads to reduced nitric oxi...
Autoradiography in Fetal Syrian Golden Hamsters Treated With Tritiated Diethylnitrosamine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Hildegard M. Reznik-Schüller, B.F. Hague
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Tritiated diethylnitrosamine was administered to female Syrian golden hamsters on each of the last 4 days (days 12-15) of pregnancy. The distribution of bound radioactivity was monitored by light microscopic autoradiography of fetal tracheas and livers, the placentas, and the maternal livers. In the trachea, the fetal target organ, bound radioactivity was restricted to the respiratory epithelium, where diethylnitrosamine-induced tracheal tumors arise. Mucous cells and nonciliated stem cells were identified as the principal sites of binding; other cell types within the tracheal epithelium contained only small amounts of bound radioactivity. The level of binding observed in the fetal trachea increased steadily from day 12 to day 15, which correlated well with the level of differentiation of this tissue during this period. This observation also agrees with the previously reported observation that tumor incidence increases from 40 to 95% in Syrian golden hamsters between days 12 and 15.
Abstract 2629: Flecainide Inhibits Arrhythmogenic Ca2+ Waves by Open State Block of Ryanodine Receptor Ca2+ Release Channels and Reduction of Ca2+ Spark Mass
Authors: Fredrick A Hilliard, Derek Laver, Sylvain J Le Marchand, David W Piston, Bjorn C Knollmann
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is linked to mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) or calsequestrin. We recently found that flecainide prevents CPVT in mic...
Abstract 029: The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24): A Research Resource from the National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Authors: Amy F Subar, Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Beth Mittl, Thea P Zimmerman, Frances E Thompson, Christopher Bingley, Gordon B Willis, Noemi G Islam, Tom Baranowski, Suzanne McNutt, Nancy A Potischman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Extensive evidence has demonstrated that 24-hour dietary recalls (24HRs) provide high-quality dietary intake data with minimal bias, making them the preferred tool for nutrition monitoring and, potentially, for studying diet and disease associations. Traditional 24HRs, however, are expensive and impractical for large-scale research because they rely on trained interviewers, and require multiple administrations to estimate usual intakes. To address these challenges, NCI developed ASA24. System: The ASA24 system is a publicly available web-based software tool that enables automated and self-administered 24HRs for epidemiologic, intervention, behavioral, or clinical research. ASA24 consists of a Respondent application used by participants to enter recall data and a Researcher application used by researchers to manage study logistics and obtain nutrient and food level data. The format and design of the Respondent application are modeled on USDA’s interviewer-administered Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) 24HR, which uses multi-level food probes to assess food types and amounts. A Beta version of ASA24, released in 2009, has been used by over 100 researchers to collect over 20,000 recalls. Version 1 of ASA24, released in September 2011, offers improved functionality, features, and usability. Respondents report their intakes using a list of foods and beverages from USDA’s most current Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS 4.1). Multiple images are shown to help respondents estimate portion size. ASA24 allows respondents to: 1) find foods and beverages by browsing or searching, 2) move or copy a food or beverage to a different meal, edit a meal, adjust reported amounts, or correct double reports, 3) review a final list of the day’s intake, and 4) access help. Resulting data files include food codes, nutrients, and MyPyramid food group equivalents for each day and each food, as well as variables to calculate Healthy Eating Index scores. Additional optional modules querying location of meals, who one ate with, TV/computer use during meals, and supplement intake are available, as well as a Spanish language version. Evaluation: ASA24 will be compared to traditional interviewer-administered recalls in a large sample of adults and within a smaller feeding study. The measurement error structure of ASA24 will be evaluated against doubly-labeled water and multiple 24-hour urinary nitrogen collections in three large on-going cohorts (NCI’s AARP Diet and Health Study, and Harvard’s Nurses Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study). Conclusion: ASA24 has the potential to improve dietary assessment by enhancing the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of collecting high-quality dietary data.
Abstract 11834: Impact of Mechanical Dyssynchrony on Long Term Outcome in Patients with Non Left Bundle Branch Block After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Hideyuki Hara, Olusegun A Oyenuga, Hidekazu Tanaka, Evan C Adelstein, Dennis McNamara, David Schwartzman, Samir Saba, John Gorcsan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to benefit heart failure (HF) patients with wide QRS, recent trials reported the greatest benefit to those with left bund...
Temporal trends of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in in- and outpatients in Switzerland, 2004 to 2011
Authors: A Kronenberg, M Hilty, A Endimiani, K Mühlemann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Adjustment disorder as an admission diagnosis
Authors: W M Greenberg, D N Rosenfeld, E A Ortega
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' goal was to study subtyping, demographic variables, suicidality, diagnostic stability, and 2-year rehospitalization outcome for inpatients given the admission diagnosis of adjustment disorder at their institution.They reviewed the charts of 54 adolescent and 102 adult inpatients given the diagnosis of adjustment disorder at admission and compared them with the charts of 156 matched comparison subjects given other admission diagnoses.Adolescents and adults with adjustment disorder had significantly shorter index hospitalizations and more presenting suicidality than the comparison subjects. Adults but not adolescents with adjustment disorder had significantly fewer psychiatric readmissions and fewer rehospitalization days 2 years after discharge than comparison subjects, and more adults with adjustment disorder had diagnoses of comorbid substance use disorder. Forty percent of the patients admitted with the diagnosis of adjustment disorder were discharged with different diagnoses. Only 18% of the inpatients with adjustment disorder who were rehospitalized were given that diagnosis at readmission.Adjustment disorder diagnoses were associated with suicidality, shorter lengths of stay, and, in adults, more substance use disorders and fewer rehospitalizations.
Abstract 301: Usefulness of 64-slice Cardiac Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Atrial Septal Defects in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Occlusion
Authors: Manuel Pan, Soledad Ojeda, Miguel Romero, Jose Suarez de Lezo, Simona Espejo, Rooser Isamat, Dolores Mesa, Daniel Garcia, Luis Burgos, Alfonso Medina, Manuel Crespin, Francisco Mazuelos, Djordje Pavlovic, Mercedes Lafuente, Antonio Gamez
Journal: Circulation (2009)
A memorable doctor: Poppy Day again
Authors: P. Mortimer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Nevertheless, the results of the studies discussed here suggest that some surgeons are less competent than their colleagues and that these factors may compromise survival.Considerable effort and resources are currently being poured into large multicentre studies of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in an effort to provide a marginal improvement in the survival of patients with colorectal cancer.If, by specialisation, the overall results of surgery could be improved-and evidence suggests that this is so-the impact on survival might be greater than that of any of the adjuvant therapies currently under study.
The development of an internship program in psychiatric nursing
Authors: M Lakovics, B Mark
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

As medicine and nursing have become increasingly specialized, the need for additional training for the graduate nurse has become more evident. One way in which nursing educators have dealth with this problem is through the establishment of general nursing internship programs. The authors review some of the historical background for the development of these programs and describe the establishment of an 8-week specialized nursing internship program in psychiatric nursing. They conclude with a brief evaluation of the program.
Abstract 6247: Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Inhibition and Lipoic Acid on Myocardial Glucose Uptake and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Anbu Pandian, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Sampath Parthasarathy, Desikan Rajagopal, Walter T Collinson, Bobby Khan
Journal: Circulation (2008)