tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevelance and the association of anaemia with clinical and functional parameters in patients with COPD who referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme
Authors: Dicle Kaymaz, Pinar Ergün, Ezgi Utku, Saliha Battal, Ipek Candemir, Nilgün Mendil, Filiz Tasdemir, Fatma Sengül, Nurcan Egesel, Pervin Demir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Polycytemia is commonly associated with COPD but recent reports suggest that anaemia is also prevalent Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevelance of anaemia in patients with COPD who referred to PR programme and to explore the clinical and functional associations between anaemia.   Materials and Methods: 398 COPD patients who referred to Ataturk Chest Disease and Chest Surgery Traning Hospital PR Center between January 2008 December 2011 were evaluated retrospectively and 176 patients were included.  Patients were classified as anaemic,polycythemic or normal.Dyspnea was assessed with the MRC and CRQ dyspnea scale;quality of life was assessed with SGRQ.Exercise capacity was measured using the ISWT,ESWT,body composition was assessed with BMI,FFMI,anxiety and depression were assessed with the HADS.   Results: Anaemia was present in 14(8%)patients and polycythemia in 24(14%).BMI,FFM,FFMI,MRC,endurance time (ET)differed between anaemic,normal and polycythemic patients though there were no significant differences in the other parameters.Anaemic patients showed a significantly higher MRC than patients with normal, where body composition parameters in this group were lower than polystemic and the other group.Polycythemic patients had a significantly lower ET compared patients with normal. Anaemic patients walked the shortest distance in ISWT though this was not reach statisticaly significant level.   Conclusion : Anaemia is associated with poor clinical and functional outcomes in patients with COPD who were referred PR programme and provide support for the evaluation and monitoring of anaemia in these patients.
Sleep Apnoea in Infancy
Authors: F A Abreu e Silva, U M MacFadyen, A Williams, H Simpson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Serial polygraphic sleep studies were carried out in 86 index infants (33 ‘symptomatic’, 24 siblings of infants with the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 29 ‘near-miss’ for SIDS) and 11 healthy controls. Brief (≥ 3 &lt; 6 sec) or prolonged (≥ 6 sec) obstructive apnoea was observed only in index caes, and coincided with symptoms due to associated illnesses (usually respiratory). Their prevalence was comparable in ‘symptomatic’ and ‘near-miss’ groups — 39% and 35% respectively. Prolonged (≥ 20 sec) central apnoea was seen only in pre-term ‘near-miss’ infants. Dips in transcutaneous oxygen tension ≥ 15 mmHg occurred during sleep in 17% of ‘symptomatic’ infants and 19% of ‘near-miss’ cases, usually in association with obstructive or central apnoea. Diminution or disappearance of these abnormalities following clinical recovery from ‘minor’ illnesses suggested that they were the result of such illnesses.
Assessment of the prevalence of bronchial asthma among the population in Yaroslavl and level of the free-drug funding
Authors: Shamil Palyutin, Ilya Zilber, Alexander Petrochenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective: to evaluate of the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in Yaroslavl from 1999 to 2010 and analysis of financial resources for the free-drugs from the funds of municipal budget in 2000-2010.  Methods: a prospective cohort study; the data of the healthcare department.  Results: in 1999, patients with BA in Yaroslavl was 4053 man. In 2010 number of registered patients was 7426 (in 11 years increased by 83.2%). The largest increase was observed in 1999-2005 - up to 16% annually. The incidence in these years also increased significantly: from 0.88 to 1.31. This is due to the introduction of spirometry, unification of approaches to diagnosing of BA and education for doctors. In subsequent years, the increase in patients quite clearly slowed, the annual growth was observed at 0.2-2.2%. The reason for such changes may be the achievement of epidemiological ceiling. In 2000 in the municipal budget were allocated 4.9 mln roubles for free-drugs for BA. In the next years the financing increased annually by approximately 24% (min - in 2009 - 12%, max - in 2010 - 30%). In 2008, there was a significant increase in funding to 17.2 mln rubles, which meant an increase to 2353/patient. The world financial crisis had a serious impact on the funding in the subsequent 2 years – a reduction of funds to 8.3 and 8.0 mln roubles in 2009 and 2010.  Conclusions: implementation of standards and increased diagnostic capacity of healthcare made it possible to reveal a large number of patients with BA in the late 90-ies and in the beginning of 2000-ies. Due to great social significance of BA there was a steady tendency to increase the expenses on of free-drugs during the ten-year period.
Abstract 4231: Enhanced antitumor efficacy of T-DM1 in combination with pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer models
Authors: Yuliang Sun, Nandini Dey, Jennifer Carlson, Melissa Brammer, Pradip De, Brian Leyland-Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: The HER2 oncogene is amplified in approximately 20-25% of human breast cancers and is a well established therapeutic target. HER2-targeted therapy by trastuzumab (T) has become increasingly important for treating HER2+ breast cancers, and following the EMILIA trial, T-DM1 is expected to serve as a suitable alternative to trastuzumab. Pertuzumab (P), a HER2 targeted monoclonal antibody that prevents HER2 dimerization, showed progression-free survival when used with trastuzumab and docetaxel on HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA trial). In this preclinical study, we investigated the effect of combining T-DM1 and P on xenografted HER2+ breast tumors. Methodology: Growth inhibition, apoptosis, and antitumor efficacy were examined using the 3D-ON-TOP assay, annexinV staining and mouse xenografts respectively, in BT474 (T- sensitive), BT474HR (T-resistant) and HCC1954 (PIK3CA mutated) breast cancer cell lines. Results: Treatment of HER2-overexpressing tumor cells (T-sensitive, T-resistant and PIK3CA mutant) in vitro with T-DM1 plus pertuzumab resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation (3D-ON-TOP and 2D clonogenic assays) and induction of apoptotic cell death (annexinV positive cells). The combination (T-DM1+P) also inhibited p-AKT (Ser473 and Thr308) in HER2-overexpressing cells. T-sensitive and T-resistant xenografts regressed completely after 6 weeks of therapy with T-DM1 plus P whereas either single agent inhibited tumor growth partially in both groups. Mice with HCC1954 (HER2+/PIK3CA mutated) xenograft treated with the same combination exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition when compared with vehicle treated mice after 6 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo data clearly demonstrated that dual-targeting HER2 with a combination of T-DM1 plus P was highly efficacious both in HER2+/T-resistant and HER2+/PIK3CA mutated xenograft models. Citation Format: Yuliang Sun, Nandini Dey, Jennifer Carlson, Melissa Brammer, Pradip De, Brian Leyland-Jones. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of T-DM1 in combination with pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4231. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4231
Success of the patient-oriented approach to MDR-TB treatment in Tomsk Oblast, Russia, 2000-2009
Authors: Sergey Mishustin, Petr Golubchikov, Alexandr Barnashov, Vera Bayerlen, Alexandr Golubkov, Dmitriy Taran, Nataliay Zemlyanaya, Oksana Ponomarenko, Olga Sirotkina, Vera Golubchikova, Evgeniy Anisimov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In 2000-2009, 1141 MDR TB patients were treated in Tomsk Oblast (civilian sector). MDR-TB treatment effectiveness: 63.1% - cured, 12.6% - failed, 8.3% - died, 15.9 - defaulted. Since 2005, a patient-oriented approach has been developed (daily food packages for patients9 motivation, treatment at home, Red Cross volunteers, anti-alcohol campaign, searching for patients who miss treatment using social and psychological support - Sputnik program etc.). This approach resulted in default decrease from 29.3% (2003) to 10.4% (2009). MDR-TB reservoir decreased from 823 patients (2002) to 380 (2011), including 291 patients who are still on treatment.  From 2004 to 2011: TB incidence among new cases (per 100 000) decreased from 105.6 to 75.3 (by 28.6%), TB prevalence - from 205.2 to 104.9 (by 48.9%), TB mortality - from 17.7 to 5.8 (by 67.2%). Minor TB forms (smear negative, without lung distruction) among new cases increased from 25% (2005) to 40% (2011).  Conclusions: The patient-oriented approach significantly improved TB situation in Tomsk Oblast. We are concerned that patients with minor TB forms who are not provided with in-depth examination might be admitted to general health care settings and treated for pneumonia using fluoroquinolones.
Final Results Of Phase II Study Of Pomalidomide (Pom) In GEP-Defined High Risk Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)
Authors: Saad Z Usmani, Kelly Stratton, Emily Hansen, Qing Zhang, Susan B. Panozzo, Nathan M Petty, Antje Hoering, Sarah Waheed, Frits van Rhee, John Crowley, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2013)
Soft tissue neck lumps in rugby union players * Commentary * Commentary * Commentary
Authors: J Dearing
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Dorsal neck masses are well recognised in front row rugby union players. Previously undescribed in the medical literature, they may present in the primary or secondary care setting when they become symptomatic. Often misdiagnosed as lipomata, they may in fact be fibrous and deeply connected, with the consequences of embarking on surgery subsequently underestimated. This paper describes an epidemiological study using the rugby union media and gives key points for healthcare professionals involved in the management of such masses.
Raising concerns about family history of breast cancer in primary care consultations: prospective, population based study
Authors: None Women's Concerns Study Group
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Women appreciated surveillance more than reassurance or referral to a family cancer clinic.Nearly 25% of the women reported that they performed breast self examination at least monthly.One third of the women were compliant with the advice on surveillance.The main reasons given for non-compliance were not remembering to do preventive activities and a lack of confidence in the value of surveillance.We thank the general practitioners of the "Wantveld" Health Care Centre for their commitment to the study.Contributors: GHdB had the original idea for the study, carried out the fieldwork and the analyses, and prepared the manuscript for publication.CJvA assisted in the genetic advice during follow up and helped to prepare the paper for publication.JMdV did the interviewing and helped with the analyses.GCHAH coordinated the contact
Identification of microorganisms based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organic compounds in headspace gases
Authors: J.J.B.N. van Berkel, E.E. Stobberingh, M.L.L. Boumans, Moonen Moonen, E.F.M. Wouters, J.W. Dallinga, F.J. van Schooten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The elucidation of volatile organic compounds specifically produced by microorganisms may assist in developing a fast and accurate methodology to determine pulmonary bacterial infections. Development of this methodology might ultimately lead to the identification of bacterial species in breath.   Methods:  Over 300 bacterial headspace samples from 4 different micro organisms were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify relevant VOCs, and compose profiles of VOCs that are specific for any of the micro organisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Differently abundant VOCs were determined and classification models based on support vector machines (SVM) were build to allow classification of the samples.   Findings:  We were able to identify a large number of compounds that show significantly different availability in bacterial cultures compared to medium and in bacterial cultures cross-compared. We identified compounds demonstrating highly significant differences between the four E. coli strains and between the two S. aureus isolates: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). SVM models were able to classify the micro organisms with very high degrees of sensitivity and specificity based on 6 VOCs from headspace.   Interpretation:  We demonstrated that identification of the studied micro organisms is possible based on a few compounds measured in headspace of cultures. It provides a fast, non-invasive, and sensitive technique as a potential diagnostic approach in medical microbiology.
Self-inflicted eye injury
Authors: D A Oren, N Laor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Individuals with a factitious ocular disorder feign or exaggerate having an eye injury or intentionally produce an eye injury so as to assume the role of a sick person. 1 This type of injury may result in substantial ocular morbidity, ranging from minor conjunctivitis to severe forms of self-mutilation, including enucleation.Research has revealed that the majority of self-inflicted ocular injuries with an underlying psychological cause are associated with schizophrenia. 2 Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder imposed on self) is characterized by falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms where there are no obvious rewards explaining why the individual is deceiving others.This behavior is not explained by other mental disorders such as delusion or psychosis. 3We report two cases of selfinflicted eye disorders with a possible diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome and describe their clinical presentation.We provide a brief literature review of similar disorders. CASE 1A 43-year-old man, working as a hospital clerk at a secondary hospital presented to the emergency department (ED) claiming that ocular trauma to the right eye was from an accidental encounter with the branch of a short palm tree.Examination of the right eye revealed a visual acuity of 20/40 and an intraocular pressure (IOP)
Systematic review of the validity of health related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB)
Authors: Arietta Spinou, Kai K. Lee, Caroline Elston, Rachel Garrod, Surinder S. Birring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  A number of questionnaires are currently used to assess HRQOL in NCFB, however little is known about their validity in this condition.   Aims:  To assess the validity of HRQOL questionnaires in NCFB.   Methods:  A search was conducted on Embase, Pubmend, Medline, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library. Studies (including abstracts) were selected if assessed internal consistency, repeatability and responsiveness of a HRQOL tools. Analysis used descriptive and qualitatively methods.   Results:  Nine (3 abstracts) out of 392 studies were included. Four questionnaires were identified, but only QOL-B was disease specific for NCFB. Internal consistency ranged from moderate to very good and repeatability was very good. Studies that reported responsiveness, supported SGRQ, LCQ and QOL-B.   Conclusions:  A few studies support adequate validity of HRQOL questionnaires in NCFB. SGRQ and QOL-B were the most frequently studied questionnaires, but these have 37 items or more. There is a need for brief, disease specific, well validated HRQOL questionnaires in NCFB.
Five-Year follow up of Patients Treated with Inpatient Psychotherapy at the Cassel Hospital for Nervous Diseases
Authors: R M Rosser, S Birch, H Bond, J Denford, J Schachter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Twenty-eight patients who were admitted consecutively to a single-adult unit of the Cassel Hospital in 1977/8 were followed up 5 years after discharge. Those who were found to have improved at the end of treatment remained well 5 years later. These could be distinguished by their combination of neurotic psychopathology, considerable depression, superior intelligence, and lack of a chronic outpatient history. Patients who had improved 5 years after discharge did not show these characteristics, but had all spent at least 9 weeks on the waiting list and had the capacity to form close and helpful relationships. Patients who were judged to have improved were less dependent on the Health Service and their economic productivity was improved, often as a consequence of returning to education or training. Those who did not improve clinically continued to be admitted to hospital and tended to become less economically productive.
The Medical Writings of Moses Maimonides: Treatise on Asthma.
Authors: E J C Kendall
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: From Tumor Genomics to Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: David R. Gandara, Peter S. Hammerman, Martin L. Sos, Primo N. Lara, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) represents an area of unmet need in lung cancer research. For the past several years, therapeutic progress in SCC has lagged behind the now more common non–small cell lung cancer histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma. However, recent efforts to define the complex biology underlying SCC have begun to bear fruit in a multitude of ways, including characterization of previously unknown genomic and signaling pathways, delineation of new, potentially actionable molecular targets, and subsequent development of a large number of agents directed against unique SCC-associated molecular abnormalities. For the first time, SCC-specific prognostic gene signatures and predictive biomarkers of new therapeutic agents are emerging. In addition, recent and ongoing clinical trials, including the Lung-MAP master protocol, have been designed to facilitate approval of targeted therapy–biomarker combinations. In this comprehensive review, we describe the current status of SCC therapeutics, recent advances in the understanding of SCC biology and prognostic gene signatures, and the development of innovative new clinical trials, all of which offer new hope for patients with advanced SCC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2236–43. ©2015 AACR. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Progress in Lung Cancer.”
Change in asthma prevalence between 1990 and 2011: A matter of questionnaire response?
Authors: Marjoke van der Burg, Thomas Van Deun, Laurens Laeremans, Joost Weyler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Asthma prevalence seems to change over the last decades but also response rates have changed dramatically.   Aim  To describe differences in prevalence of current asthma over a twenty year period, and the effect of changing response rates on estimated prevalence.   Methods  In 1990 the ECRHS I screening questionnaire was sent to a cross sectional sample of 8000 inhabitants aged 20-44 from two regions in Antwerp: urban (UA) and suburban (SA). In 2011 this procedure was repeated with a new sample (n=4000). Two reminders were sent to non-responders. A subject was considered to have current asthma if she/he answered having had an attack of asthma in the last twelve months and/or using asthma medication. We computed crude and response rate extrapolated prevalence based on information in subjects responding after one or two reminders.   Results  In 1990 asthma prevalence was strikingly higher in urban Antwerp (4.3%) as compared to suburban Antwerp (2.7%). In 2011 prevalence increased in both regions as compared to 1990 (8.8% and 7.7% respectively) but the gap between both regions strongly diminished.  In 1990 response rate was 74.1% in UA and 76.9% in SA. In 2011 it was 35.5% and 49.5% respectively and prevalence differed according to response round. For the different response rounds prevalences were 11.6%, 7.5% and 5.4% in UA and 7.9%, 9.1% and 5.0% in SA respectively. Extrapolated prevalences were 7.7% for both regions.   Conclusion  Asthma prevalence seems to increase markedly but changes in response rate should be taken into account. Evidence for geographical differences in asthma prevalence strongly diminishes. This could be explained by the suburban region getting more urbanized.
Seasonality of staphylococcal infections
Authors: S. Leekha, D.J. Diekema, E.N. Perencevich
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

Characterization of seasonal variation of Staphylococcus aureus is important in understanding the epidemiology of, and designing preventive strategies against this highly virulent and ever-evolving pathogen. In this review, we summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that have evaluated seasonality in S. aureus colonization and infection. Although most studies published to date are methodologically weak, some seasonal variation in the occurrence of S. aureus infection appears to exist, particularly an association of warm-weather months with S. aureus skin and soft-tissue infections. We highlight the limitations of the published literature, and provide suggestions for future studies on this topic.