tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic characteristics of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes unlinked to known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes.
Authors: A Doria, Y Yang, M Malecki, S Scotti, J Dreyfus, C O'Keeffe, T Orban, J H Warram, A S Krolewski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are forms of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes that are distinct from typical maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and to characterize their phenotypic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 220 affected subjects from 29 families in which early-onset type 2 diabetes occurred in multiple generations and was not linked to known MODY genes (MODY gene-negative families). All individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and other clinical measurements aimed at investigating the underlying metabolic defect and the presence of diabetic complications. For comparison, 79 affected carriers of MODY3 (hepatocyte nuclear factor [HNF]-1 alpha) mutations were similarly examined. RESULTS: Subjects from MODY gene-negative pedigrees were diagnosed with diabetes at an older age (36 +/- 17 vs. 21 +/- 10 years, P = 0.0001) and were more frequently obese (52 vs. 18%, P = 0.0001) than MODY3 individuals. MODY gene-negative patients who were insulin treated required more exogenous insulin than did MODY3 subjects (0.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.2 U.kg-1.day-1, P = 0.04), despite similar C-peptide levels. Among subjects not treated with insulin, MODY gene-negative subjects had significantly higher serum insulin levels, both fasting (16.5 +/- 15 vs. 6.5 +/- 5 microU/ml, P = 0.027) and 2 h after a glucose load (53 +/- 44 vs. 11 +/- 10, P = 0.002). They also had higher serum triglycerides (P = 0.02), higher cholesterol levels (P = 0.02), more hypertension (P = 0.0001), and more nephropathy (P = 0.001). Differences persisted when families were matched for age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the existence of forms of early-onset autosomal-dominant type 2 diabetes that are distinct from MODY and are frequently characterized by insulin resistance, similar to later-onset type 2 diabetes. Because of the Mendelian pattern of inheritance, the goal of identifying the genes involved in these forms of diabetes appears to be particularly feasible.
Response of Pleura to Surgical Trauma in Rabbits
Authors: Martin L. Dalton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Knowledge of the morphological response of the pleura to trauma is of interest to the anatomist and the pathologist as well as the thoracic surgeon. Most research efforts have focused upon the alteration of pleural absorptive properties after instillation of various irritants. In 1895, Leathes and Starling<sup>1</sup>reported on the effects of scalding the pleura with hot water or sodium fluoride. Even though the pleura appeared to be opaque, its absorptive power remained unaltered at two hours. Later, Corper<sup>2</sup>reported that absorption of particulate matter by the pleura was delayed by treatment with hydrochloric acid. In 1934, Brock<sup>3</sup>produced pleuritis in rabbits by injecting turpentine and noted that this caused a constant increase in rate of absorption. In one of the few early studies employing histological techniques, Young<sup>4</sup>noted that various electrolyte solutions induced mesothelial hyperplasia and fibroblast proliferation in the submesothelial layer of the pleura.
The Trp64Arg Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene: Lack of association with NIDDM and features of insulin resistance syndrome
Authors: Johanna Rissanen, Marja Kuopusjärvi, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Raisa Sipiläinen, Sami Heikkinen, Mauno Vanhala, Päivi Kekäläinen, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene with NIDDM and the features of insulin resistance syndrome in subjects from eastern Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We determined the prevalence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 110 patients with NIDDM (54 men and 56 women, age 63 ± 1 years, BMI 30.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2), in 183 patients with features of insulin resistance syndrome (103 men and 80 women, age 44 ± 0 years, BMI 31.1 ± 0.4 kb/m2), and in 82 normoglycemic control men (age 54 ± 1 years, BMI 26.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2). RESULTS The allele frequency of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene was similar in patients with NIDDM, in patients with insulin resistance syndrome, and in control subjects (0.08, 0.07, and 0.07, respectively; NS). In addition, this polymorphism was not associated with low resting metabolic rate, abdominal obesity, increased lipid oxidation, hypertension, or earlier development of NIDDM as previously described. Furthermore, in 82 normoglycemic male control subjects the Trp64Arg polymorphism was not associated with insulin resistance evaluated by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. CONCLUSIONS The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta β3-adrenergic receptor gene is unlikely to be a major genetic predisposer to NIDDM or insulin resistance syndrome in subjects from eastern Finland.
TCTAP A-038 Acute Myocardial Infarction with Left Main Disease Combined with Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Cardiogenic Shock: A Double-Edge Sword
Authors: Harris Ngow, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Shaopeng Xu, Jabar Ali, Ji Bak Kim, Cheol Ung Choi, Eung Ju Kim, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Observations on the Behaviour of Erythroblasts Cultured in Normal and "Pernicious Anaemia" Sera
Authors: E. L. Feinmann, J. Sharp, J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The influence of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPEA) and of cocaine on the responses of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens to norepinephrine (NE), methoxamine, acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine was examined. Alone DMPEA (1.0 and 3.0 µg/ml) and cocaine (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 10.0 µg/ml) did not exert any effect on the vas deferens but shifted the dose-response curves for the contractile effect of NE to the left and also increased the maximal responses. The contractile responses to NE were potentiated by lower concentrations of cocaine than of DMPEA. DMPEA (3 µg/ml) and cocaine (10 µg/ml) were equally effective in producing leftward shift of the dose-response curve for the contractile effect of methoxamine. Both DMPEA and cocaine produced slight shifts of the ACh and histamine dose-response curves: the maximum responses to ACh were significantly increased whereas those to histamine were not affected. Denervation induced a greater shift of the NE dose-response curve than that induced by cocaine. Our data indicate that cocaine-induced supersensitivity has both pre-and postjunctional components is specific for NE and is due to interference with the neuronal uptake process; the second component is nonspecific since responses to NE as well as to ACh are increased. DMPEA-induced supersensitivity is almost entirely postjunctional.
Computer-Aided Detection in Mammography
Authors: Joshua J. Fenton, Christoph I. Lee, Guibo Xing, Laura-Mae Baldwin, Joann G. Elmore
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

antihypertensive medication users, and 4.8% of OC medication users had at least 1 cigarette co-purchase (Table ).Across all medication classes, patients with a cigarette co-purchase made an average of twice as many monthly store visits (1.9 vs 0.9 in all patients).Among patients who purchased cigarettes, the median number of store visits with a cigarette purchase was 2; 25% of asthma and COPD medication users had 4 to 53 visits, OC users had 4 to 94 visits, and antihypertensive medication users had 4 to 135 visits.Approximately 10% of patients with cigarette purchases were taking medications in 2 or 3 of the classes.Discussion | Using a novel data source that links retail pharmacy purchase data to prescription dispensing data, we found that 1 in 20 patients who were taking medications in 3 classes purchased cigarettes at the pharmacy.On average, these patients made a cigarette purchase at the pharmacy every other month.Our analysis is limited by potentially incomplete purchasing information because individuals may not use their loyalty cards for every purchase, and these data do not capture cigarette purchases made at other locations.Some of the cigarette purchases may have been made for or by another household member with whom the patient shares their loyalty card.Nevertheless, our results highlight an opportunity to improve outcomes for patients receiving widely used treatments.The decision of some pharmacies, including CVS, to stop selling cigarettes has been met with widespread support from public health and medical organizations.
Isoniazid Prophylaxis Re-Examined
Authors: John Noble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

New developments in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis have thrown present policies and practices regarding isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis into question. The eradication of tuberculosis by the systematic treatment of tuberculin reactors with INH was proposed during the 1950's. After experimental studies had rendered encouraging results in 1959, Lambert1 questioned the role of INH as a chemoprophylactic agent. He asked, "How effective is INH in preventing tuberculous disease? What are the risks of drug toxicity in large populations treated with INH?"The efficacy of INH chemoprophylactic management of tuberculin reactors was well established in large, well controlled and triple-blind studies* conducted by . . .
Carcinoma and Hydralazine Toxicity in Patients with Malignant Hypertension
Authors: H. Mitchell Perry
Journal: JAMA (1963)

WITHOUT TREATMENT, the malignant (accelerated) phase of hypertension is a rapidly progressive disease with a predictably fatal outcome; the median survival time is four to six months after the diagnosis has been made.<sup>1,2</sup>Therapy has altered the prognosis for many of our patients, as demonstrated by a mean survival time of 25 months.<sup>3</sup>Among those with the most severely compromised kidneys, however, the overall therapeutic results have remained poor. Some patients had little response to therapy and quickly succumbed to renal failure;<sup>3</sup>others seemed unusually susceptible to toxic manifestations of various drugs, including hydralazine hydrochloride, hexamethonium chloride, and mecamylamine hydrochloride.<sup>4</sup>Hydralazine toxicity was particularly disturbing because it involved those who had initially achieved good control of their diastolic pressures. Moreover, we have recently had cause to speculate that the same malignant hypertensive patients who were susceptible to hydralazine toxicity were also susceptible to neoplastic disease. Before presenting
Jeryl Lynn Strain Live Attenuated Mumps Virus Vaccine
Authors: Eugene B. Buynak
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The influence of age, virus dose, lot, and γ-globulin administration on serologic and clinical responses to Jeryl Lynn strain live attenuated mumps virus vaccine was studied. Fever or other clinical reaction referable to the vaccine did not develop in childen given vaccine subcutaneously or by jet gun. Mumps antibody of maternal origin suppressed the serologic response to the vaccine. Replicate lots of vaccine gave equally acceptable performance in children. Three hundred seventeen tissue culture doses of mumps vaccine virus were sufficient to immunize. Up to 100 units of mumps neutralizing antibody in human immune globulin coadministered with vaccine but given into the opposite arm did not suppress serologic response to the vaccine. The vaccine was stable for at least one year in dried form and for at least eight hours at 4 C following rehydration.
Vitamin K and childhood cancer.
Authors: A. W. Kelsall
Journal: BMJ (1992)

incidents jointly with the British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine.The association organises courses on major incidents, and the five day course on immediate care includes formal training on the same subject.The diploma in immediate medical care of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh examines candidates on skills gained in these courses.The courses and the diploma are much more relevant to on site medical services at major incidents than the much promoted advanced trauma life support courses, which relate to the care of a single patient by a single doctor in hospital.4We believe that the key issues are, firstly, that the person serving as medical incident officer must be properly trained in managing major incidents and must participate regularly in exercises with colleagues from other services; and, secondly, that members of site medical teams must regularly work outside hospital on the many cases of trauma seen in day to day practice.
Fibrillar collagen scoring by second harmonic microscopy: A new tool in the assessment of liver fibrosis
Authors: Luc Gailhouste, Yann Le Grand, Christophe Odin, Dominique Guyader, Bruno Turlin, Frédéric Ezan, Yoann Désille, Thomas Guilbert, Anne Bessard, Christophe Frémin, Nathalie Theret, Georges Baffet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Cardiogenic Shock Lasting 19 Days with Recovery
Authors: Robert G. Townley, John Brockley
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN SPITE of the relative frequency of shock following myocardial infarction, only one author,<sup>1</sup>to our knowledge, has reported survival following a period of shock longer than 19 days. Stechel<sup>2</sup>reported 16 cases of shock as a result of proven myocardial infarction. Six (38 per cent) of these 16 patients survived, and all were treated with metaraminol (Aramine) bitartrate for periods of shock ranging from 1 hour to a maximum of 4 days. The mortality rate in cases of shock with acute myocardial infarction is said to vary between 70 and 80 per cent. Griffith and associates<sup>3</sup>reported shock present in 20 per cent of 816 cases of acute myocardial infarction. Eighty per cent treated with various measures but not with pressor amines died. In a subsequent series of 134 cases treated with pressor amines the mortality rate was only 48 per cent. As would be
1057 IGF-I EXPRESSION FROM AAV VECTORS REDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LEADS TO TOTAL FIBROSIS REVERSION IN CIRRHOTIC RAT LIVERS
Authors: L. Sobrevals, M. Sanchez, M. Enguita, C. Rodriguez, S.J. González-Rojas, N. Razquin, J.M. Cuezva, J. Prieto, P. Fortes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
VALUE OF THE TUBERCULIN TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: EDWARD O. OTIS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

parallel, which might be taken as proof that extreme cold weather is not a predisposing cause.I am of the opinion, however, that the excess in per cent, of cases, and also in per cent, of mortality in the Southern States is due to the large percentage of negroes in that sec¬ tion, who, from poor hygienic surroundings and lack of intelligent care, are easy victims to the disease.My contention then is that the germ or germs that are the specific cause of the disease are fruitful in proper soil at any season of the year and in any latitude.
Diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus. Thalidomide modifies disease.
Authors: N P Burrows
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Promoting smoking cessation in general practiceEDrrOR,-Simon Chapman finds general practitioners wanting in their efforts to stop their patients smoking.'As a result of the government's banding scheme for health promotion activities in general practice we distributed a questionnaire to 6530 of our patients who attended our practice over six months.Altogether 1523 smokers were specifically asked if they would like our help in stopping smoking.A total of 365 replied affirmatively, and 100 of these were invited to attend a midweek evening meeting outlining information and help available to enable them to stop smoking.Twelve patients replied: eight accepted, three declined, and one had already stopped smoking.On the evening six smokers attended.All were counselled on a nearly one to one basis by the health professionals, who included a doctor, a health visitor, a district nurse, a practice nurse, and the district health authority's health promotion coordinator.The health professionals' view on stopping smoking was aired, and a video was shown and carbon monoxide monitoring demonstrated.The group agreed to meet one week later, when five patients attended.Two of these five have continued in their resolve to stop smoking.We are left wondering whether this operation was worthwhile in terms of its cost and the time required and whether our time might have been better used.
Selection of Treatment for Alcoholics
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<b>Interfaces Between Alcoholism and Mental Health</b>, edited by Earl X. Freed (<i>NIAAA-RUCAS Alcoholism Treatment Series</i>, No. 4), 390 pp, paper, $15, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1982. These two books belong to a four-volume series on the treatment of alcoholism sponsored by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. Each consists of previously published journal articles with an editor providing commentary. In general, the articles are well chosen and the editor's comments informative. The collection edited by Dr Pattison addresses the question, Are some treatments better for some alcoholics than for others? The editor believes some probably are but is uncertain which. His conclusions are upbeat and sometimes offbeat. ("A facility should provide several types of treatment so that alcoholics may select the type they prefer.") The articles go beyond addressing the key question. They deal with community differences
Light-regulated translational control of circadian behavior by eIF4E phosphorylation
Authors: Ruifeng Cao, Christos G Gkogkas, Nuria de Zavalia, Ian D Blum, Akiko Yanagiya, Yoshinori Tsukumo, Haiyan Xu, Choogon Lee, Kai-Florian Storch, Andrew C Liu, Shimon Amir, Nahum Sonenberg
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
KeratitiSj ichthyosis and deafness (KID)-syndrome: report of three cases and a review of the literature
Authors: K. LANGER, K. KONRAD, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article KeratitiSj ichthyosis and deafness (KID)‐syndrome: report of three cases and a review of the literature Get access K. LANGER, K. LANGER Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. KONRAD, K. KONRAD Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. WOLFF K. WOLFF Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria Professor K.Wolff, Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna Medical School, Alser Strasse 4, A‐1090 Vuenna, Austria. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 5, 1 May 1990, Pages 689–697, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07292.x Published: 01 May 1990
A Comparative Study of the Activity of Biosynthetic Human Insulin and Pork Insulin Using the Glucose Clamp Technique in Normal Subjects
Authors: M Massi-Benedetti, J M Burrin, B Capaldo, K G M M Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The activity of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) has been compared with that of pork insulin using the glucose clamp technique in normal subjects. After a baseline period, insulin was infused at 0.02 U/kg/h for 2 h, then 0.032 U/kg/h for 2 h, and finally 0.05 U/kg/h for 2 h. Glucose was clamped at baseline values using a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator) and the amount of glucose infused to maintain normoglycemia calculated for each insulin dose for the two insulins. C-peptide levels decreased with both insulins, suggesting suppression of endogenous insulin secretion. Serum insulin levels attained were the same for both insulins. There were no significant differences in either total glucose infused or glucose infused during the last 30 or 60 min at each insulin dose for the two insulins. Intermediary metabolite responses to the infusion of the two insulins were similar. We conclude that in normal human beings, BHI shows identical metabolic activity with pork insulin.
Use of live donors in renal transplantation.
Authors: M. A. Mansell, C. J. Rudge
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Cau1ses of osteoporosi's inl mi1en?w'"ith vertebral cnrsh fractlres in study by Franlcis et al and at osteoporosis clinic at Kinig's College Hospital (figuires are iiiinubers of patients)
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Colposcopy Clinic
Authors: Mitchell Maiman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Based on the following findings, we wish to alert the medical community to the need for preventive and educational measures about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in clinics where women are evaluated for abnormal Papanicolaou smears. <h3>Study.—</h3> In the colposcopy clinic of a public hospital in New York City that women attend for evaluation of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, aliquots of blood samples, drawn for other reasons, were evaluated for the presence of HIV antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot methods. All patient identifiers were removed from the blood samples except for the ten-year age group. To preserve anonymity, individual risk factors were not identified. Among 66 women under age 50 years tested (94% of those attending the clinic in one month), seven were positive for HIV, a rate of 10.6% (95% confidence interval, 3% to 18%). The proportions by age group were as shown in
A5.27 Ro52 Expression is a Prognostic Factor for Survival in B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Susanna Brauner, Wei Zhou, Carin Backlin, Tina M Green, Ken He Young, Björn Löfström, Ingrid Lundberg, Lars Møller Pedersen, Michael Boe Møller, Christer Sundström, Gunilla Enblad, Eva Baecklund, Marie Wahren-Herlenius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> The risk for lymphoma is increased in many rheumatic conditions. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common, yet heterogeneous lymphoma subtype and good prognostic biomarkers are warranted. We have previously shown that the rheumatic autoantigen Ro52 is expressed predominantly in leukocytes and that over expression affects lymphocyte proliferation. Further, the Ro52 (<i>Trim21</i>) gene maps to a tumour suppressor locus. We therefore hypothesised that Ro52 expression might be used as a prognostic marker for lymphoma. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Proliferation of in vitro stimulated lymphocytes was determined by thymidine incorporation and cell cycle analysis and compared to Ro52 mRNA levels. Three cohorts of patients with DLBCL were investigated for Ro52 expression by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal Ro52 antibodies. The first cohort consisted of patients with rheumatic disease treated with cytostatic drugs only (n = 43). The two others were non-rheumatic patients treated with anthracycline-based (CHOP) therapy alone (n = 74), and with the addition of Rituximab (n = 196). <h3>Results</h3> A robust inverse correlation between Ro52 expression levels and cellular proliferation was observed (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.50, p &lt; 0.0001). Confirming this biological phenomenon, low expression of Ro52 in lymphoma tissue was significantly correlated to overall survival (p &lt; 0.0001), as well as progression-free survival (p &lt; 0.0001) in patients with DLBCL treated with CHOP therapy alone. This was further confirmed in the Rituximab-CHOP treated cohort, with a significantly lower overall survival (p &lt; 0.0001) and progression-free survival (p = 0.0005). The association was independent of Ann Arbor classification and DLBCL subtype, emphasising that Ro52 expression is a parameter of added value in lymphoma investigations to understand the patient prognosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data demonstrate that low Ro52 expression is associated with more aggressive lymphomas. Further, our data functionally link low Ro52 expression with increased cellular proliferation. Ro52 may thus constitute a novel biologically relevant biomarker predicting patient survival in lymphoma.