tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent mutations refine prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: P Baliakas, A Hadzidimitriou, L-A Sutton, D Rossi, E Minga, N Villamor, M Larrayoz, J Kminkova, A Agathangelidis, Z Davis, E Tausch, E Stalika, B Kantorova, L Mansouri, L Scarfò, D Cortese, V Navrkalova, M J J Rose-Zerilli, K E Smedby, G Juliusson, A Anagnostopoulos, A M Makris, A Navarro, J Delgado, D Oscier, C Belessi, S Stilgenbauer, P Ghia, S Pospisilova, G Gaidano, E Campo, J C Strefford, K Stamatopoulos, R Rosenquist
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
The TEL-AML1 leukemia fusion gene dysregulates the TGF-β pathway in early B lineage progenitor cells
Authors: Anthony M. Ford, Chiara Palmi, Clara Bueno, Dengli Hong, Penny Cardus, Deborah Knight, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Tariq Enver, Mel Greaves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Chromosome translocation to generate the TEL-AML1 (also known as ETV6-RUNX1) chimeric fusion gene is a frequent and early or initiating event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our starting hypothesis was that the TEL-AML1 protein generates and maintains preleukemic clones and that conversion to overt disease requires secondary genetic changes, possibly in the context of abnormal immune responses. Here, we show that a murine B cell progenitor cell line expressing inducible TEL-AML1 proliferates at a slower rate than parent cells but is more resistant to further inhibition of proliferation by TGF-beta. This facilitates the competitive expansion of TEL-AML1-expressing cells in the presence of TGF-beta. Further analysis indicated that TEL-AML1 binds to a principal TGF-beta signaling target, Smad3, and compromises its ability to activate target promoters. In mice expressing a TEL-AML1 transgene, early, pre-pro-B cells were increased in number and also showed reduced sensitivity to TGF-beta-mediated inhibition of proliferation. Moreover, expression of TEL-AML1 in human cord blood progenitor cells led to the expansion of a candidate preleukemic stem cell population that had an early B lineage phenotype (CD34+CD38-CD19+) and a marked growth advantage in the presence of TGF-beta. Collectively, these data suggest a plausible mechanism by which dysregulated immune responses to infection might promote the malignant evolution of TEL-AML1-expressing preleukemic clones.
Ballistocardiography in Cardiovascular Research: Physical Aspects of the Circulation in Health and Disease
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Ballistocardiography stands now where electrocardiography stood in the first quarter of this century. Sooner or later we shall be using it and we may as well get used to the idea. It affords a means of measuring, from outside the patient, the force-producing capability of the heart within. For every action there is an equal but opposite action. When blood is thrown around the vascular circuit, both the pump which is doing the throwing and the conduits into which it is flung, react. As technology provided increasingly elegant instruments for graphing this movement, interest widened. The intimate details of the genesis of this movement constitute the basis for the authors' work. Happily, Starr and Noordergraaf have presented a well-documented analysis of their own and other worthwhile explorations in this field. When the problem yields, as it ultimately will, to such persistent probers, we shall have a means of analyzing the
Acutely ill patients at risk in 30 "isolated" hospitals
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Acutely ill patients in at least 30 so called “isolated” hospitals throughout England, Wales, and Northern Ireland are being put at increased risk because of the absence of critical care facilities or anaesthetic cover.

In total, almost 60 hospitals take acute medical admissions without having the full range of services needed to treat them.

A survey of those hospitals conducted by a working party from the Royal College of Physicians concluded that those lacking critical care and diagnostic services should be reconfigured to provide intermediate or “step-down” care. Patients should be allowed to transfer there only after they have …
Skin Reactive Hyperemia in Diabetic Patients: A Study by Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Authors: Ethel Tur, Gil Yosipovitch, Yael Bar-On
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

To assess whether laser Doppler flowmetry could detect differences in the cutaneous response to postischemic reactive hyperemia between patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nondiabetic controls and among subgroups of NIDDM patients.We measured the cutaneous blood flow on the forearms during the postischemic reactive hyperemia test in diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls. Subjects were 25 patients with NIDDM from the outpatient clinics of dermatology, ophthalmology, and endocrinology and 25 nondiabetic volunteers matched for sex and age. Of the patients with NIDDM, 14 had proliferative retinopathy, and 13 were obese. Cutaneous postischemic reactive hyperemia test monitored by measuring the cutaneous blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry was used. Peak blood flow (P) after arterial occlusion, the time required to reach this peak (Tp) and the ratio (K) between these two quantities (K = P/Tp) were measured.In diabetic patients, P was significantly lower (P less than 0.02) than in nondiabetic control subjects. In diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy, K was lower (P less than 0.05) than in diabetic patients without retinopathy. Diabetic patients with a body mass index (BMI; wt/ht2) less than 25 kg/m2 had a longer Tp (P less than 0.002), whereas the control group BMI did not affect this parameter. The combination of retinopathy and BMI less than 25 gave the longest Tp values (P less than 0.0001).Postischemic hyperemia tests in diabetic patients reveal cutaneous microcirculatory changes in the forearm (lower P). Advanced retinopathy is associated with functional disturbances (lower K), especially when combined with a low BMI (less than 25; longer Tp).
Numbers starting treatment for drug misuse increase by 20% over two years
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many more drug users in England and Wales are starting treatment programmes than two years ago, but there is still a major problem with people dropping out in the first 12 weeks.

That is one of the messages to emerge from a report by the Audit Commission on drug misuse. The commission, an independent watchdog that monitors public spending, was reviewing progress since its 2002 report Changing Habits .

“Waiting times for treatment are down, and 20% more users are starting treatment than two years ago,” said Zoe Billingham, director of criminal justice and community safety with the commission.

“But …
Tenure and the political autonomy of faculty inquiry
Authors: Anne Jaap Jacobson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

This commentary discusses several problems with the target article by Ceci et al. First, the results admit of an alternative interpretation that undercuts the conclusion drawn. In addition, at a number of points, the research should be supplemented by examining situations in which there is no tenure-granting policy. Finally, 60% of the questions are concerned with whistle-blowing, but the issues involved in such cases make them much less relevant to the assessment of tenure than the authors suppose.
Student health. Medical care within institutions of higher education
Authors: K. Patrick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The field of student health care lacks a positive identity in medicine and is often not well understood by the higher education community. This article explores the history, organization, staffing, utilization, financing, and governance of student health centers (SHCs). Student health centers are available to approximately 10 million of the 12.5 million US university students. As many as 27 000 individuals, including probably more than 3000 physicians, work in SHCs. Sources and amount of funds expended for this care vary widely from campus to campus, as does the intensity of services offered. A survey of this nation's largest institutions suggests that an average of $102 per student per year is spent on SHCs. The total amount spent on student health care in this country may exceed $1 billion each year. Student health care faces opportunities and obstacles in the future as our ability to promote health and prevent disease improves, as institutions of higher education allocate their limited educational resources, and as society determines where to invest its limited medical resources. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3301-3305)
Antimyelin Antibodies with No Progression to Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Raul Pelayo, Mar Tintoré, Xavier Montalban, Alex Rovira, Carmen Espejo, Markus Reindl, Thomas Berger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: The presence of antibodies against myelin, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum from patients with a clinically isolated syndrome and mu...
Knowledge and communication difficulties for patients with chronic heart failure: qualitative study
Authors: A E Rogers
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Primates, including humans, can typically recognize objects in visual images at a glance despite naturally occurring identity-preserving image transformations (e.g., changes in viewpoint). A primary neuroscience goal is to uncover neuron-level mechanistic models that quantitatively explain this behavior by predicting primate performance for each and every image. Here, we applied this stringent behavioral prediction test to the leading mechanistic models of primate vision (specifically, deep, convolutional, artificial neural networks; ANNs) by directly comparing their behavioral signatures against those of humans and rhesus macaque monkeys. Using high-throughput data collection systems for human and monkey psychophysics, we collected more than one million behavioral trials from 1472 anonymous humans and five male macaque monkeys for 2400 images over 276 binary object discrimination tasks. Consistent with previous work, we observed that state-of-the-art deep, feedforward convolutional ANNs trained for visual categorization (termed DCNN<sub>IC</sub> models) accurately predicted primate patterns of object-level confusion. However, when we examined behavioral performance for individual images within each object discrimination task, we found that all tested DCNN<sub>IC</sub> models were significantly nonpredictive of primate performance and that this prediction failure was not accounted for by simple image attributes nor rescued by simple model modifications. These results show that current DCNN<sub>IC</sub> models cannot account for the image-level behavioral patterns of primates and that new ANN models are needed to more precisely capture the neural mechanisms underlying primate object vision. To this end, large-scale, high-resolution primate behavioral benchmarks such as those obtained here could serve as direct guides for discovering such models. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Recently, specific feedforward deep convolutional artificial neural networks (ANNs) models have dramatically advanced our quantitative understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying primate core object recognition. In this work, we tested the limits of those ANNs by systematically comparing the behavioral responses of these models with the behavioral responses of humans and monkeys at the resolution of individual images. Using these high-resolution metrics, we found that all tested ANN models significantly diverged from primate behavior. Going forward, these high-resolution, large-scale primate behavioral benchmarks could serve as direct guides for discovering better ANN models of the primate visual system.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: DANIEL C. EDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The indirect fluorescent antibody test and a microhemagglutination technique detected antibodies in human sera to Legionnaires' disease antigen about equally. Since the hemagglutination technique was simpler, more rapid, and less expensive, we used it to ascertain the prevalence of antibody in 1200 sera from apparently healthy, nonhospitalized Michigan residents. Prevalence was analyzed by age, sex, geographic location (county of residence), and season of the year. There was a significant difference in prevalence between seasons: 91 of 600 sera (15.2%) from February to March 1978 had a titer equal to or greater than 1:16, contrasted with 179 of 600 sera (29.8%) from August to September 1978. This difference was independent of age and sex. There was no significant difference by geographic location, sex, or age except for decreased prevalence for persons 60 years or older.
Histopathologic validation of angioscopy and intravascular ultrasound.
Authors: R J Siegel, M Ariani, M C Fishbein, J S Chae, J C Park, G Maurer, J S Forrester
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND To establish a histopathologic basis for angioscopic and ultrasound image interpretation we studied 70 postmortem human arterial segments in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS We used 7- to 9-French fiber-optic angioscopes and 20- to 30-MHz intravascular ultrasound imaging catheters. Three observers assigned an angioscopic and ultrasound image classification to each vessel segment. The image and histological classification categories were then compared. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both methods separately or in combination for normal vessels were each greater than or equal to 95%. The predictive value was better for angioscopy than for ultrasound due to incorrect ultrasound interpretations of normal anatomy in the presence of thrombus. For stable atheroma the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the individual methods were each greater than 90%. However, both angioscopy and ultrasound had classification errors in that disrupted atheroma was identified and classified as stable atheroma. Consequently, the predictive value was 74% for angioscopy and 78% for ultrasound. For disrupted atheroma the sensitivities for angioscopy and ultrasound were only moderate (73% and 81%, respectively), whereas the specificity, accuracy, and predictive value were each high (greater than 90%). For thrombus detection, the specificity, accuracy, and predictive value were high (greater than 93%) for each method. The sensitivity of angioscopy was 100%. However, sensitivity was lower for ultrasound (57%) due to false-negative interpretation of laminar clots in normal vessels and an inability to distinguish disrupted or stable atheroma from intraluminal thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Contingency analyses showed that each imaging method alone or combined had significant agreement with the results obtained from histology (p less than 0.001). When assessing all cases in which angioscopy and ultrasound were concordant, there was a 92% agreement with the histological classification.
Association of Ulcerative Colitis, Sclerosing Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma in a Patient with IgA Deficiency
Authors: M. Curzio, G. Bernasconi, R. Gullotta, A. Ceriani, G. Sala
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A case of an unusual association of ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma and IgA deficiency in a 22-year-old man is reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital with jaundice. Ulcerative colitis had been diagnosed 4 years before. The association of sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma was demonstrated. In addition IgA deficiency was discovered. Possible pathogenetic implications are discussed.
Special human vulnerability to low-cost collective punishment
Authors: Don Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Guala notes that low-cost punishment is the main mechanism that deters free-riding in small human communities. This mechanism is complemented by unusual human vulnerability to gossip. Defenders of an evolutionary discontinuity supporting human sociality might seize on this as an alternative to enjoyment of moralistic aggression as a special adaptation. However, the more basic adaptation of language likely suffices.
LOCATION OF MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY DETECTED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IS RELATED TO VARIOUS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES
Authors: Bong Gun Song, Ga Yeon Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Hye Jin Han, Dong Ryeol Ryu, Sung-A Chang, Sung-Ji Park, Jin-Oh Choi, Sang-Chol Lee, Seung Woo Park, Yeon Hyeon Choe, Jae K. Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Severe Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Precipitated by a Therapeutic ERCP
Authors: J. García-Cano
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

I read with great interest the recent article by Johnston et al. [1] on silent myocardial ischemia during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Another paper by Christensen et al. [2] also emphasized that ERCP can reduce myocardial blood flow. However, although this appears to be more common than was previously thought, clinical events caused by it appear to be rare.
A new Leukemia Prognostic Scoring System for refractory/relapsed adult acute myelogeneous leukaemia patients: a GOELAMS study
Authors: P Chevallier, M Labopin, P Turlure, T Prebet, A Pigneux, M Hunault, K Filanovsky, P Cornillet-Lefebvre, I Luquet, L Lode, S Richebourg, O Blanchet, N Gachard, N Vey, N Ifrah, N Milpied, J-L Harousseau, M-C Bene, M Mohty, J Delaunay
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in human rectal mucosa.
Authors: C J Hawkey, M Lo Casto
Journal: Gut (1983)

Miniaturised methods have been used to construct dose-response curves for the effects of inhibitory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis using individual rectal biopsies obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis. The potency of different drugs has been compared. Sulphasalazine, 5 amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) and N-acetyl 5-ASA inhibited prostaglandin synthesis at high concentration, but sulphapyridine and prednisolone did not. Indomethacin and flurbiprofen were considerably more potent inhibitors. These data imply that sulphasalazine does not act by simple inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis but leave open the possibility that sulphasalazine or 5-ASA may be inhibitors of the synthesis of related lipoxygenase products.
FOREIGN BODY IN NASOPHARYNX
Authors: O. Orendorff
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Foreign bodies of various kinds are common in noses and throats but not so, perhaps, in the cavity between. Last fall, Dr. F. R. Moore of Florence, Colo., brought a boy, aged 13 years, to the office who for some time had been complaining of the typical symptoms of adenoid obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, nasal discharge and bad breath. The lad was well nourished and physically normal except for difficulty in breathing through the nose. In view of his age and healthy appearance, a malignant tumor hardly seemed probable nor an exhaustive examination necessary, although inspection of the throat revealed the soft palate to be slightly convex instead of concave, having the appearance of pressure from behind. This was supposed to be a case of large adenoids, for which an operation was at once performed. Much to our surprise, however, the curet brought away great masses of wax of the
Creativity: The Magic Synthesis
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Everyone agrees that creativity is a good thing to be encouraged and nurtured. But there is less agreement as to what it is, how it develops, whether it can be cultivated, and, if so, how. Professor Arieti, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and recognized authority on schizophrenia, has devoted much thought to this subject. In a stimulating attempt to answer many questions about creativity, he has brought to bear his wide experience with psychotic individuals and his extensive knowledge of literature and art. Arieti points out that creativity goes beyond spontaneity and originality in that it brings about desirable enlargement of human experience. The creative work may make us laugh, give us aesthetic pleasure, induce a feeling of transcendance, or increase our scientific understanding. Arieti suggests that it is based on a synthesis of primary process (the illogical, primitive, and unconscious) and secondary process thinking (the normal, waking, and logical) to form what
The value of endothelin 1 in the early diagnosis of severe intestinal strangulation
Authors: M Grigoriou, I Koutelidakis, V Papaziogas, C Lazaridis, A Souparis, G Chatzimavroudis, C Atmatzidis, G Koliakos, D Gerasimidou
Journal: Gut (2007)

In patients with intestinal strangulation, early diagnosis and prompt intervention can play a key role in the final outcome. Physical signs and routine laboratory findings only raise the level of suspicion to the presence of intestinal ischaemia. Several markers such as alkaline phosphtase,1 creatinine phosphokinase,2 and lactate dehydrogenase3 and procalcitonin (Pct) serum levels have been proposed for the early diagnosis of intestinal ischaemia.4

Plasma levels of endothelin 1 (ET1) have been recently associated with cardiac ischaemia.5 It has also been reported that ET1 plays a central role in the pathophysiology of intestinal ischaemic injury.6 Wang et al 7 recently reported that ligation of mesenteric vessels caused an increase in serum ET1 levels in rats. On the other hand, other researchers reported that in spite of increased release of ET1 …
Torsional deformation of the left ventricular midwall in human hearts with intramyocardial markers: regional heterogeneity and sensitivity to the inotropic effects of abrupt rate changes.
Authors: D E Hansen, G T Daughters, E L Alderman, N B Ingels, D C Miller
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The spiral orientation of left ventricular (LV) fibers suggests that twisting about the ventricular long axis of the apex with respect to the base, i.e., torsional deformation, may be characteristic of LV contraction. To demonstrate this twisting motion, 10 orthotopic human cardiac allograft recipients were studied with biplane cineradiography of tantalum helices implanted within the LV midwall at 12 specific sites. Counterclockwise twisting about the LV long axis (as reviewed from apex to base) accompanied ventricular ejection in all patients. Torsional deformation angles, measured relative to a reference minor axis at the base, were substantially smaller in the anteroapical wall, as compared with counterparts in the apical third of the inferior and lateral walls (anterior = 13.3 +/- 6.0 degrees, inferior = 18.7 +/- 6.3 degrees, and lateral = 23.4 +/- 10.7 degrees). Torsional angles at the midventricular level were roughly half as much and exhibited similar regional variabilities (anterior = 7.6 +/- 3.3 degrees, inferior = 9.0 +/- 3.3 degrees, lateral = 10.7 +/- 5.2 degrees, and septal = 8.8 +/- 3.8 degrees). Comparison of control beats and the initial beat after abrupt cessation of rapid atrial pacing (126 +/- 10 beats/min) with return to the control heart rate (96 +/- 9 beats/min) permitted the mild positive inotropic effect of tachycardia to be assessed at similar levels of ventricular load. Torsional deformation of the anteroapical and inferoapical sites increased significantly (p less than 0.05) over control values to 15.6 +/- 7.5 degrees and 21.2 +/- 5.5 degrees, respectively. In contrast, torsional deformation of the lateral wall was essentially unchanged. These data provide direct evidence for torsional deformation of the left ventricle in humans, demonstrate that torsion of the LV chamber is nonuniform, and suggest a dependence of LV torsion upon contractile strength that is attenuated in the lateral wall.
WHO and UN slash their estimates of global HIV prevalence
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The World Health Organization and the United Nations have revised downwards their estimate of the number of people infected with HIV in 2007—from nearly 40 million to 33.2 million.

“The single biggest reason for the reduction in global HIV prevalence figures in the past year was the recent revision of estimates in India after an intensive reassessment of the epidemic in the country,” says a report by UNAIDS (the joint United Nations programme on HIV and AIDS) and WHO.

About 50% of the difference is due to the reduction in the estimated prevalence in India and another 20% to a …