tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sheepish B cells: evidence for antigen-independent antibody diversification in humans and mice
Authors: David Tarlinton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Antibody diversity is first generated by rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes during B cell development in the bone marrow, and later by antigen-driven diversification in germinal centers (GCs). New data in humans and mice now identify specific B cell populations that may have undergone antigen-independent hypermutation outside GCs.
Does loss of bile acid homeostasis make mice melancholy?
Authors: David D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Bile is at the center of the traditional medicines of many cultures. For the ancient Greeks and Romans, each of the four macrocosmic elements that comprised the natural world, fire, earth, air, and water, had a specific microcosmic reflection in the four humors from which the body was constructed, yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm. The view that imbalances in these components cause disease dominated Western medical thought for nearly 2000 years. Ayurvedic, or Indian traditional medicine is based on the similar belief that health is dependent on the balance of the three doshas, pitta (bile), kapha (wind), and vata (phlegm), each of which represents two of their five macrocosmic elements.

Bile has a much more humble place in current medical thinking. It is generally thought of as a detergent needed for the absorption of lipids and fat-soluble nutrients, as well as a potentially harmful agent responsible for adverse effects in cholestasis and other pathologic situations. This simplistic view was challenged by the recent discovery by three independent groups (1–3) that a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), functions as a specific receptor for a wide variety of bile acids. Since other members of this family include the receptors for steroids and thyroid hormone, this observation suggested that bile acids should be thought of as hormones.
Mechanical Ventilation–induced Diaphragmatic Atrophy Is Associated with Oxidative Injury and Increased Proteolytic Activity
Authors: R. Andrew Shanely, Murat A. Zergeroglu, Shannon L. Lennon, Takao Sugiura, Tossaporn Yimlamai, Debbie Enns, Angelo Belcastro, Scott K. Powers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Question 1Question 2Question 3METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
A166: Evaluation of Quality Indicators and Disease Damage in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Julia G. Harris, Kristyn I. Maletta, Evelyn M. Kuhn, Judyann C. Olson
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

The aim of this study was to describe compliance with select quality indicators and assess organ-specific dysfunction in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus population by using a validated damage index and to evaluate associations between compliance with quality indicators and disease damage. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus prior to age 18 followed at a single center in the USA from 1999 to 2012 (n = 75). Data regarding quality indicators and outcome variables, including the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, were collected. The median disease duration was 3.8 years. The proportion of patients or patient–years in which care complied with the proposed quality measures was 94.4% for hydroxychloroquine use, 84.3% for vitamin D recommendation,75.8% for influenza vaccination (patient–years), 67.2% for meningococcal vaccination, 49.0% for ophthalmologic examination (patient–years), 31.7% for pneumococcal vaccination, and 28.6% for bone mineral density evaluation. Disease damage was present in 41.3% of patients at last follow-up, with an average damage index score of 0.81. Disease damage at last follow-up was associated with minority race/ethnicity (p = 0.008), bone mineral density evaluation (p = 0.035), and vitamin D recommendation (p = 0.018). Adherence to quality indicators in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus population is varied, and disease damage is prevalent. This study highlights the importance of quality improvement initiatives aimed at optimizing care delivery to reduce disease damage in pediatric lupus patients.
MIXED INFECTION (MENINGOCOCCUS AND PNEUMOCOCCUS) MENINGITIS
Authors: J. G. FITZGERALD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

There have recently appeared three communications dealing with the subject of meningococcus and pneumococcus infection of the meninges in persons in which the primary infecting micro-organism was the meningococcus. The first two, by Netter and Salanier,<sup>1</sup>placed on record a series of cases observed in children. Mathers<sup>2</sup>has also described a case which he observed in an infant. The relative frequency of this condition is not as yet precisely determined, though it is believed to occur in about 5 per cent. of cases.<sup>3</sup>That it may occur more commonly than is at present supposed is possible, judging from recent work. In a series of twelve cases of meningitis (cerebrospinal fever) the pneumococcus as well as the meningococcus was found in three cases. From such a limited number of cases it is impossible to draw any conclusions; but it is hoped that as a result of this publication
A1.4 Predictive factors for the eular response in ra patients with rituximab treatment
Authors: Alexandra Peltea, Diana Mazilu, Tania Gudu, Daniela Opris, Ruxandra Ionescu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objective </h3> The prediction of therapeutic response to Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis is still an unmet need. This study aimed to identify useful and accessible predictive factors of non-responders to Rituximab ahead of time. <h3>Materials and Methods </h3> 42 RA patients initiating Rituximab were included in this study and were prospectively followed for 18 months. The lymphocyte count (LyC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies (ACPA) titres, disease duration and number of previous anti-TNFα drugs were assessed at baseline, at 6 and 18 months. The clinical response was evaluated using disease activity score (DAS28) based on ESR and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response at 6 (ER6) and 18 months (ER18). <h3>Results </h3> LyC at baseline is predictive for ER6 (F=4.597, p=0.041), but not for ER18, and the ER6 is predictive for ER18 (F=8.834, p=0.005). Also DAS28 at 6 months and the number of previous anti-TNFα drugs are predictive for ER18 (F=7.937, p=0.008, respectively F=4.356, p=0.044). Although we obtained a negative correlation between the ESR at 6 months and ER18 (p=0.002), the therapeutic response cannot be predicted based on ESR values. RF and ACPA titres, CRP values and the disease duration did not seem to correlate with the therapeutic response. <h3>Conclusions: </h3> The lymphocyte count at baseline represents a predictive factor for the EULAR response at 6 months. A better 6 months ER along with a lower DAS28 predict a better ER at 18 months of Rituximab treatment in RA patients.
838-4 National evaluation of long-term adherence to beta-blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in patients with commercial health insurance
Authors: Judith M Kramer, Donald Fetterolf, John P Charde, Richard Snyder, Daniel Checkman, Elizabeth DeLong, Nancy Allen LaPointe, Barbara Hoffman, Rhonda L Arrington, Eric Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Visualization of Microscopic Metastatic Hepatoma to Lung on Gallium Scintigraphy
Authors: PAUL J BOHDIEWICZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The author presents a case of metastatic hepatoma diagnosed at autopsy. The patient's liver had been nearly entirely replaced, and there were diffuse microscopic pulmonary metastases. Chest x-ray was normal at the time of gallium imaging for fever of unknown origin. Gallium imaging revealed a normal-appearing liver and mild, diffuse, bilateral increased uptake in the lungs. A CT scan 3 weeks before autopsy showed relatively minimal abnormality of the liver with a few areas of inhomogeneity and mild enhancement with contrast. Ultrasound-guided aspiration and liver biopsy were negative for tumor or infection. No case report or description of microscopic lung metastases from hepatoma seen with gallium was discovered in a recent literature search.
[199] VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TYPE A (VEGF-A) AND ANGIOPOIETIN-2 (ANG-2) ARE RELEVANT IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: P. Melgar-Lesmes, S. Tugues, M. Morales-Ruiz, J. Ros, G. Fernandez-Varo, V. Arroyo, J. Rodes, W. Jimenez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
College tells tobacco company to take its money elsewhere
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

British American Tobacco has admitted that it was a mistake to offer funding for an MSc post to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

A human resources employee at the cigarette firm had emailed a number of people at the school, including David Leon, professor of epidemiology, to offer an MSc student a £1500 ($2350; £2400) grant. The offer included the opportunity to work in the company's research and development unit at its Southampton factory on completion of the degree.

But a spokeswoman for the company told the BMJ : “In hindsight …
The Regulatory Effect of Macrophages on the <i>in Vitro</i> Synthesis of IgE
Authors: Y. Levo, R. J. Harbeck, C. H. Kirkpatrick
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The effects of indomethacin or macrophage-depletion on the in vitro unstimulated and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced synthesis of IgG and IgE were compared. The effect on the unstimulated synthesis of IgG and IgE was similar, namely, no effect due to indomethacin and enhancement due to macrophage depletion. In contrast, the effect on PWM-induced synthesis was dissimilar. Macrophage depletion enhanced IgG but inhibited IgE production. The effect of indomethacin paralleled that of macrophage depletion suggesting the involvement of prostaglandins. It seems that the regulatory effect of macrophages is different in the IgE system compared with the IgG system.
Proliferation and differentiation biomarkers in colorectal mucosa and their application to chemoprevention studies.
Authors: A Scalmati, M Lipkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Because its prognosis is relatively unaffected by improvements in surgery and chemotherapy, increasing interest has recently been directed toward chemoprevention. Intermediate biomarkers of abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression have recently been identified and have served to measure effects of chemopreventive agents in rodent models and in short-term human clinical trials. Alterations in cell proliferation and differentiation have been found in preneoplastic diseases and in normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of patients at increased risk for malignancy. Several techniques are available for measuring these alterations, and standardization and comparison of different methods are underway to assess the utility of various intermediate biomarkers in chemoprevention studies.
Case Report: Supraventricular Arrhythmia after Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Air Pollution Particles
Authors: Andrew J. Ghio, Maryann Bassett, Tracey Montilla, Eugene H. Chung, Candice B. Smith, Wayne E. Cascio, Martha Sue Carraway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Exposure to air pollution can result in the onset of arrhythmias.We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who volunteered to participate in a controlled exposure to concentrated ambient particles. Twenty minutes into the exposure, telemetry revealed new onset of atrial fibrillation. The exposure was discontinued, and she reverted to normal sinus rhythm approximately 2 hr later. No abnormality was evident on the volunteer's laboratory examination or echocardiography that could explain an increased risk for supraventricular arrhythmia.Epidemiologic evidence strongly supports a relationship between exposure to air pollutants and cardiovascular disease, but population-level data are not directly relevant to the clinical presentation of individual cases. To our knowledge, this is the only case report of an individual suffering an episode of atrial fibrillation after exposure to an air pollutant. The resolution of the arrhythmia with termination of the particle exposure further supports a causal relationship between the two.Exposure to air pollution, including particulate matter, may cause supraventricular arrhythmias.
Letter: Hyperlipemia during estrogen therapy
Authors: M. E. Molitch
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The effects of weight loss and reduction of carbohydrates and saturated-fat intake in cases 2 and 3, the decline in lipid levels from the extremely high levels in all 4 cases, when estrogen therapy was discontinued, to levels still abnormal emphasizes the importance of the estrogens in producing these massive elevations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It is rare to see patients with simple hyperlipidemias who have triglyceride levels in the 4000-5000 range. Also, such excellent declines have not been observed on dietary modification alone. Patients 1 and 4 did not receive dietary modification but had similar declines in lipid levels on cessation of estrogen therapy. It is concluded that, in these patients, the marked lipid elevations can be attributed to the estrogen therapy, superimposed on a pre-existing lipid abnormality.
Integrative genomic and proteomic analysis of prostate cancer reveals signatures of metastatic progression
Authors: Sooryanarayana Varambally, Jianjun Yu, Bharathi Laxman, Daniel R. Rhodes, Rohit Mehra, Scott A. Tomlins, Rajal B. Shah, Uma Chandran, Federico A. Monzon, Michael J. Becich, John T. Wei, Kenneth J. Pienta, Debashis Ghosh, Mark A. Rubin, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Inhibition of O2- generation by dexamethasone is mimicked by lipocortin I in alveolar macrophages.
Authors: I Maridonneau-Parini, M Errasfa, F Russo-Marie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Glucocorticoids inhibit superoxide (O2-) generation by phagocytes through a mechanism that remains unclear. We investigated this effect by using dexamethasone on guinea pig alveolar macrophages. O2- generation was induced either by the calcium ionophore A23187, a potent stimulus of phospholipase A2, or by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Dexamethasone inhibited O2- generation initiated by A23187 by 50-55%. This inhibition required: (a) more than 45 min incubation and was maximal after 2 h; (b) glucocorticoid receptor occupancy; and (c) protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone could not be explained by an interaction with the respiratory burst enzyme NADPH oxidase since O2- generation was only weakly affected upon PMA stimulation. Lipocortin I, a glucocorticoid inducible and phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein, inhibited O2- generation initiated by A23187 but failed to modulate the respiratory burst activated by PMA. These results were obtained with lipocortin I purified from mouse lungs, human blood mononuclear cells, and with human recombinant lipocortin I. We propose that lipocortin I is capable of inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidase only when membrane signal transduction involves phospholipase A2. By mimicking the effect of dexamethasone, lipocortin I may extend its potential anti-inflammatory action to the partial control of the formation of oxygen reactive species by phagocytes.
National asthma attack audit 1991-2. General Practitioners in Asthma Group.
Authors: R G Neville, R C Clark, G Hoskins, B Smith
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To describe the frequency and characteristics of asthma attacks in the United Kingdom and to compare actual management with recommended guidelines for the management of attacks. DESIGN--Correspondence survey. SETTING--218 general practices in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS--1775 patients of all ages who had a total of 1805 asthma attacks over three months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patient characteristics, place of management of attacks, comparison of actual management with recommended guidelines. RESULTS--Of the 1805 attacks, 300 occurred in boys aged 0-9, 144 in girls aged 0-9, and 118 in women aged 20-29. The estimated frequency of attacks in the community was 14.3 per 1000 patients per year. 1546 (86%) patients with attacks were managed within general practice, 225 (12%) were admitted to hospital, and 34 (2%) were discharged from an accident and emergency department. Two patients died. On initial presentation, 248 (14%) patients were "not breathless," 900 (50%) were "moderately breathless," 535 (30%) were "breathless and distressed," 68 (4%) were "too breathless to talk," and 2 were "moribund." Recording of clinical data was variable. Underuse of nebulised bronchodilators and systemic steroid was apparent in all grades of clinical severity. Contrary to current guidelines for asthma management, "step up" in maintenance therapy after an attack was often not practised. CONCLUSION--Reported management was at variance with recommended guidelines. This has major implications for the design and distribution of future guidelines.
It Is Too Early to Declare Early or Late Rescue High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Dead
Authors: Martin C. J. Kneyber, Marc van Heerde, Dick G. Markhorst
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Nucleic acid sequence analysis of the precore region of hepatitis B virus from sera of southern African black adult carriers of the virus
Authors: A. Kramvis, S. Bukofzer, M. C. Kew, E. Song
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Our purpose was to ascertain if mutations of the precore region of the hepatitis B virus genome, in particular the 1896 stop codon mutation, are responsible for the 95% hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negativity rate in southern African black adult carriers. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was extracted from the serum of 57 asymptomatic carriers (42 HBeAg-negative; 15 HBeAg-positive), the precore region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequenced. Six carriers (14.6%) had mutations known to prevent HBeAg synthesis: 4 involved the precore initiation codon (1814), and one created a stop codon at 1874. The 1896 mutation occurred alone in one carrier only (2.4%). The infrequency of the 1896 mutation can be explained by the high prevalence (70%) of the adw subtype in the carriers studied. Inter alia, adw differs from ayw in that codon 15 is comprised of CCC instead of CCT. The presence of C instead of T in position 1858 precludes the G-to-A mutation at 1896 because the coexistence of these two mutations would destabilize the stem-loop structure of the RNA encapsidation signal, a finding confirmed by our observation that the CCC polymorphism and the 1896 mutation were mutually exclusive. Ten HBeAg-negative carriers (24%) had a missense mutation at position 1862 in the bulge of the RNA encapsidation signal, which may possibly affect HBeAg expression by interfering with either priming of reverse transcription or signal peptide cleavage. We conclude that the 1896 stop codon mutation accounts for a minority only of HBeAg-negative black carriers. A missense mutation in the bulge of the encapsidation signal may contribute to HBeAg negativity.
"PEMPHIGOID" (PARA-PEMPHIGUS): ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER BULLOUS DERMATOSES
Authors: J. R. PRAKKEN, M. J. WOERDEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article “PEMPHIGOID” (PARA‐PEMPHIGUS): ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER BULLOUS DERMATOSES Get access J. R. PRAKKEN, J. R. PRAKKEN Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, University of Amsterdam (Head: Prof. Dr. J. R. Prakken) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. J. WOERDEMAN M. J. WOERDEMAN Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, University of Amsterdam (Head: Prof. Dr. J. R. Prakken) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 3, 1 March 1955, Pages 92–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12697.x Published: 01 March 1955
Sympathetic Joint Effusion in Septic Arthritis
Authors: John A. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Sympathetic Joint Effusion in Septic Arthritis" (240:1989, 1978) makes an important point in emphasizing that sympathetic joint effusions can occur adjacent to septic foci. Nevertheless, it is important in the examination to realize that there are two joints: the tibiotalar joint of the ankle and the subtalar joint of the foot. Physical examination can sometimes differentiate whether synovitis is in one joint vs the other. In the absence of an adjacent tenosynovitis of the ankle, tibiotalar arthritis is made worse by dorsal and plantar flexion of the ankle, while subtalar arthritis is made worse by inversion or eversion of the ankle. If there is an adjacent tenosynovitis, then all of these motions can be painful. Thus, it is important that the appropriate examination and manipulation be done to define which joint is involved.