tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FEW NOTES ON TARSAL AMPUTATIONS—TRAUMATIC AND ARTIFICIAL AMPUTATIONS—SUBSTITUTES OR PROTHETICAL APPLIANCES FOR LOST PARTS.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: THOMAS H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The facilities, the appliances and the aids which the inventions of man and modern science have made available for operating surgeons, have so radically revolutionized the whole domain of surgery that it may now be affirmed, without fear of contradiction, that many of the dogmas promulgated and beyond cavil, as late even as the middle of this century in which we live, have become obsolete and antiquated. The almost lightning rate of American inventions has been a tremendous leveler of traditional doctrines of the near past. American invention has led the whole world, and in every place in which civilization exists, however remote, its impetus is felt. So that the unprejudiced of every clime and every race must concede to the land of Columbus the first and highest place among those nations which have made the world better, softened the hardships of the past, and spread broadcast those blessings which
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations, Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors, and Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: William Pao, Vincent A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Gefitinib and erlotinib are small molecules that selectively inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. When these drugs were introduced into the clinic, the specific targets affected in human tumors were unknown. In April 2004, two groups reported that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR are strongly associated with gefitinib sensitivity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We subsequently extended these findings and showed that such mutations are also associated with sensitivity to erlotinib. Here, we present current knowledge about EGFR mutations in the context of clinical trials involving gefitinib and erlotinib in NSCLC.This article reviews the rationale for targeting EGFR, the development of gefitinib and erlotinib, the discovery of EGFR mutations, and subsequent studies to define the incidence, spectrum, and functions of EGFR mutations.The discovery of EGFR mutations promises to alter the ways in which we consider and treat NSCLC.This information can guide practitioners and help them inform their patients about EGFR mutations and their impact on the treatment of NSCLC.
Testing the metals hypothesis in Spokane, Washington.
Authors: Candis S Claiborn, Timothy Larson, Lianne Sheppard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A >7-year, time-series, epidemiologic study is ongoing in Spokane, Washington, to examine the associations between ambient particulate constituents or sources and health outcomes such as emergency department (ED) visits for asthma or respiratory problems. One of the hypotheses being tested is that particulate toxic metals are associated with these health outcomes. Spokane is a desirable city in which to conduct this study because of its relatively high concentrations of particulate matter, low concentrations of potentially confounding air pollutants, variability of particulate sources, and presence of several potential particulate metals sources. Daily fine- and coarse-fraction particulate samples are analyzed for metals via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Particulate sources are determined using receptor modeling, including chemical mass balancing and positive matrix factorization coupled with partial source contribution function analysis. Principal component analysis has also been used to examine the influence of sources on the daily variability of the chemical composition of particulate samples. Based upon initial analyses using the EDXRF elemental analyses, statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for asthma and increased combustion products, air stagnation, and fine particulate Zn. Although there is a significant soil particulate component, increased crustal particulate levels were not found to be associated with ED visits for asthma. Further research will clarify whether there is an association between specific health outcomes and either coarse or fine particulate metal species.
Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines–Part II
Authors: Elise A. Olsen, Maria K. Hordinsky, Vera H. Price, Janet L. Roberts, Jerry Shapiro, Doug Canfield, Madeleine Duvic, Lloyd E. King, Amy J. McMichael, Valerie A. Randall, Maria L. Turner, Leonard Sperling, David A. Whiting, David Norris
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
TCT-50 In-Hospital Outcomes of Routine Early Post-Thrombolysis Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Igor Zyrianov, Ivan Bessonov, Vadim Kuznetsov, Stanislav Sapozhnikov, Anastasia Takkand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The effect of age on early death and stroke rates in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Harvey D. White, Philip E. Aylward, Anthony Dalby, W. Douglas Weaver, Karl Swedberg, Stale Barvik, Jose Marin-Neto, Jan Murin, Rolf Norlander, Wiek H. van Gilst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Franz Ingelfinger, 1910-1980
Authors: EDWARD HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 June 1980Franz Ingelfinger, 1910-1980EDWARD HUTH, M.D.EDWARD HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-860 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEarly in the morning of 26 March 1980 the physical life of Franz Ingelfinger, gastroenterologist, Editor, and then Editor Emeritus of The New England Journal of Medicine, came to its end. A man "who reached the top in two medical careers" (1), he brought rigorous science to gastroenterology (2), and sent forth from his center at Boston University a new generation of gastroenterologists trained to apply that science for better care, many of them to establish important new centers for academic gastroenterology.For the wider world of medicine his most fruitful career was in the editorial offices at 10 Shattuck...References1. ALTMAN LF. Ingelfinger, 69, medical editor. NY Times. 1980; Mar 27:B11 (Cols 1, 2). Obituary. Google Scholar2. RELMAN A. Presentation of the George M. Kober Medal to Franz J. Ingelfinger. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1979;92:40-50. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1980Volume 92, Issue 6Page: 860-860KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatology Issue Published: 1 June 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A 67‐year‐old male with hypercalcemia and an unrevealing splenectomy
Authors: Giuseppe Famularo, Daniele Remotti, Silvia De Maria, Josè Nunnari, Giovanni Minisola, Claudio De Simone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

A physician or a group of physicians considers presentation and evolution of a real clinical case, reacting to clinical information and data (boldface type).This is followed by a discussion/commentary.
The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of the Renal Mass and Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Ruth Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

MODERN ultrasonography provides important contributions to the evaluation of the renal mass and the diagnosis of impaired renal function. Awareness of the advantages and limitations of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of these frequently encountered urologic problems is essential if the performance of unnecessary diagnostic procedures is to be minimized and only relevant studies are performed. <h3>The Renal Mass</h3> An important diagnostic parameter relating to the renal mass (usually identified initially on intravenous urography [IVU]) concerns the consistency of such a mass—namely, whether it is fluid filled or solid. Since the ultrasonographic study is highly sensitive in detecting fluid, the diagnosis of a renal cyst can be made with an accuracy approaching 98%.<sup>1</sup>This information is particularly valuable in the treatment of patients with renal masses, since most masses are cysts and generally of no clinical importance. The incidence of asymptomatic renal cysts has been reported to be about 20%
Local delivery of biodegradable microparticles containing colchicine or a colchicine analogue: Effects on restenosis and implications for catheter-based drug delivery
Authors: Irmina Gradus-Pizlo, Robert L. Wilensky, Keith L. March, Naomi Fineberg, Marybeth Michaels, George E. Sandusky, David R. Hathaway
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Taking Responsibility for Lung Cancer
Authors: Chang-Qing Gao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

On Being a Doctor4 August 2009Taking Responsibility for Lung CancerChang-Qing Gao, MD, PhDChang-Qing Gao, MD, PhDFrom Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-3-200907210-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail While it thundered and rained outside one Thursday evening, I sat comfortably in my office reading a new report on TB. According to the article, the incidence of TB has increased recently in China, especially in the elderly population.My mobile phone rang. It was Dr. Li, a physician and good friend from my hometown. After catching up, his voice grew serious. He told me that his lifelong friend, Mr. Liu, had been coughing up blood, and there was a lesion in his upper right lung on the chest radiograph. He thought it could be cancer, although he hoped there ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.Corresponding Author: Chang-Qing Gao, MD, PhD, The Third Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 138, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 August 2009Volume 151, Issue 3Page: 214-215KeywordsChemotherapyHospital medicineLesionsLung and intrathoracic tumorsMeatNasopharyngeal carcinomaNursesPatient advocacySocial statusThorax ePublished: 4 August 2009 Issue Published: 4 August 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fulminating haemorrhagic influenza.
Authors: R A Banks, J Tinker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

in a primigravida, which was thought to be the result of self-injection of autologous blood from a fellow drug addict. Case reportA 20-year-old primigravida was attending another hospital antenatally.The pregnancy was uneventful until about 25 weeks' gestation (initial testing), when she was found to have atypical antibodies in high titres to the Rhesus and Kell blood group systems.She went into premature labour at 28 weeks and delivered a stillborn baby girl of 140 g at home.After a "flying squad" call for primary postpartum haemorrhage, she was transfused with one unit of uncrossmatched group 0 Rhesus-negative blood.Nevertheless, she made an uneventful recovery.She was unmarried, and had a history of mixed addiction to lysergic acid, cannabis, heroin, morphine, cocaine, and amphetamines.Repeated careful histories were taken and she denied any previous operation, blood trans- fusion, or pregnancy.The only medications given during her pregnancy were topical podophyllin, oral folic acid, and oral iron.The first drugs she had used were cannabis and LSD when aged 16.She became addicted to morphine 18 months before she became pregnant, taking 50 mg of dia- morphine or 30 mg of morphine twice a week.Her method of injection was to withdraw blood into the syringe until the solution took on a rosy tinge.After injecting she would flush the syringe by withdrawing about 0-25 ml of blood to reinject, so as to remove the tiniest trace of the drug.This pattern of injection is common among mainlining addicts.She had shared syringes regularly with her boyfriend and other people.She showed no evidence of opiate withdrawal symptoms while in hospital, but has done so since.Postmortem examination of the small fetus showed no congenital ab- normalities.The placenta weighed 169 g with evidence of extensive retro-
Methotrexate therapy in polymyositis.
Authors: F C Arnett, J C Whelton, T M Zizic, M B Stevens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

and Johnson, 1969; Brock, 1934), systemic lupus erythe- matosus (White, 1959; Dubois, 1966), and Sjogren's syndrome (Bunim, 1961), or in association with neoplastic lesions (Williams, 1959; Pearson, 1969).Weakness, particularly ofthe limb girdle musculature, is the dominant clinical manifestation, pain and tenderness being far less common (Pearson, 1962, 1966; Shulman, 1969).Irrespective of the clinical setting, histologically one finds infiltration of the affected muscle bundles with inflammatory cells, oedema separating myo- fibrils, and varying degrees of fibrillar fragmentation, degeneration, and regeneration.Loss of muscle mass is the eventual outcome unless effective sup- pression of the inflammatory process is achieved.Except for the response to surgery in those with resectable malignant lesions, corticosteroids are the drugs of choice (Pearson, 1966, 1969; Vignos, 'overlap'syndromewith,inadditiontomyositis,Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, polyarthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and antigamma and antinuclear factors. GROUP IIITwo patients (15, 16) had polymyositis in association with malignancy; one had carcinoma of the oesophagus, and the other an adenocarcinoma of the carcinoid type
Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the General Population
Authors: Jacob J. Freiberg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The role of triglycerides in the risk of ischemic stroke remains controversial. Recently, a strong association was found between elevated levels of nonfasting triglycerides, which indicate the presence of remnant lipoproteins, and increased risk of ischemic heart disease.To test the hypothesis that increased levels of nonfasting triglycerides are associated with ischemic stroke in the general population.The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective, Danish population-based cohort study initiated in 1976, with follow-up through July 2007. Participants were 13,956 men and women aged 20 through 93 years. A cross-sectional study included 9637 individuals attending the 1991-1994 examination of the prospective study.Prospective study: baseline levels of nonfasting triglycerides, other risk factors at baseline and at follow-up examinations, and incidence of ischemic stroke. Cross-sectional study: levels of nonfasting triglycerides, levels of remnant cholesterol, and prevalence of ischemic stroke.Of the 13,956 participants in the prospective study, 1529 developed ischemic stroke. Cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke increased with increasing levels of nonfasting triglycerides (log-rank trend, P < .001). Men with elevated nonfasting triglyceride levels of 89 through 176 mg/dL had multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ischemic stroke of 1.3 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9; 351 events); for 177 through 265 mg/dL, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5; 189 events); for 266 through 353 mg/dL, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.7; 73 events); for 354 through 442 mg/dL, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.2; 40 events); and for 443 mg/dL or greater, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8; 41 events) vs men with nonfasting levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 85 events) (P < .001 for trend). Corresponding values for women were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.7; 407 events), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.9; 135 events), 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7-2.9; 26 events), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4; 13 events), and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-11; 10 events) vs women with nonfasting triglyceride levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 159 events) (P < .001 for trend). Absolute 10-year risk of ischemic stroke ranged from 2.6% in men younger than 55 years with nonfasting triglyceride levels of less than 89 mg/dL to 16.7% in men aged 55 years or older with levels of 443 mg/dL or greater. Corresponding values in women were 1.9% and 12.2%. In the cross-sectional study, men with a previous ischemic stroke vs controls had nonfasting triglyceride levels of 191 (IQR, 131-259) mg/dL vs 148 (IQR, 104-214) mg/dL (P < .01); corresponding values for women were 167 (IQR, 121-229) mg/dL vs 127 (IQR, 91-181) mg/dL (P < .05). For remnant cholesterol, corresponding values were 38 (IQR, 26-51) mg/dL vs 29 (IQR, 20-42) mg/dL in men (P < .01) and 33 (IQR, 24-45) mg/dL vs 25 (IQR, 18-35) mg/dL in women (P < .05).In this study population, nonfasting triglyceride levels were associated with risk of ischemic stroke.
RECTAL SECTION FOR PELVIC ABSCESS
Authors: HARRY P. RITCHIE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Several years ago, before the Surgical Section of this Association, my senior associate, Dr. A. MacLaren, called attention to the efficacy of rectal section in certain phases of peritonitis. During the succeeding years the operation has, on many occasions, served its purpose to such a satisfactory degree that we have become earnest advocates of its use and are continually seeking the opportunity to have it performed. Such a method of drainage, departing from more accepted methods, lacking refined technic, and in some degree offending surgical principles, can be made popular only when it can be proved worthy. It may be that the operation is in universal use, but the results are too variable, the experience with it too limited, and the procedure too simple to secure for it the consideration it merits. In speaking of its performance, we are met with more or less surprise, as though it were an
Morbidity among preschool children in Leningrad.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1980)

In the Soviet Union state control over the delivery of medical care undoubtedly facilitates mounting epidemiological studies on a truly grand scale.Paradoxically, however, it is extremely difficult to assemble an up-to-date picture of the prevalence of diseases in the USSR as a whole, or in any of the 15 republics that make up the Union.Very few data are supplied to the World Health Organisation for inclusion in World Health Statistics Quarterly and even readers of Russian can obtain only one regularly published time- series.This is available in the statistical yearbook entitled The People's Economy of the USSR; the series relates to seven categories of infectious disease including scarlatina, diphtheria, whooping cough, and poliomyelitis.Since 1950 the incidence of all these diseases has declined sharply, a trend which is not surprising.
Enalapril and metoprolol in diabetic nephropathy: Author's reply
Authors: S. Bjorck
Journal: BMJ (1990)

in animals has shown that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can alter the course of immune mediated disorders such as lupus nephritis and diabetes mellitus.'It is interesting to speculate that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may have a therapeutic role in the management of serious intractable autoimmune disorders.
56. Amelioration of Neurodegenerative and Neuropathological Alterations in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting BACE1 with Small Interfering RNAs
Authors: Oded Singer, Robert A. Marr, Edward Rockenstein, Leslie Crews, Fred H. Gage, Inder M. Verma, Eliezer Masliah
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased |[beta]|-secretase (BACE1) activity that results in progressive accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and amyloid- |[beta]| (A |[beta]|). Therefore, developing strategies to inactivate BACE1 might present an important approach toward the treatment of AD. To assess this possibility in vivo, APP transgenic mice that develop some aspects of AD neuropathology were treated with a lentiviral vector (LV) expressing siRNAs targeting BACE1. The LV-siBACE1 vector was expressed at high levels in HEK293T cells and reduced both BACE1 expression and production of A |[beta]|1-42. One month after the intra-hippocampal delivery of the LV-siBACE1 vector in APP transgenic mice, levels of BACE1 expression were significantly reduced at the site of the injection. This was accompanied by amelioration of the neurodegenerative alterations in the hippocampus as evaluated by confocal microscopy in sections labeled with antibodies against dendritic and presynaptic markers and reduced deposition of amyloid and APPCTFs. Our results suggest that lentiviral vector delivery of BACE1 siRNA can specifically reduce the cleavage rate of APP and neurodegeneration in vivo and indicates the potential therapeutic value of this approach for treating AD. It will be interesting to see whether reduction in neurodegeneration in the hypocampus will result in improvement of cognitive functions.
Reduced neonatal mortality from infection after introduction of respiratory monitoring
Authors: A Mifsud, D Seal, R Wall, B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

La mortalite intantile due aux infections par streptocoques de groupe B est importante: environ 3 morts pour 1000 naissances aux Etats-Unis. En Grande-Bretagne cette mortalite est tres diminuee depuis 1980, probablement parce que l'enregistrement systematique de la frequence respiratoire chez les nouveau-nes permet de deceler la tachypnee, souvent la premiere manifestation de l'infection: les explorations et le traitement sont plus precoce. Revue de 19 cas, un seul nouveau-ne est mort
Haplotypes and levels of fetal hemoglobin and <sup>G</sup>γ to <sup>A</sup>γ ratios in mediterranean patients with thalassemia minor and major
Authors: M. Aksoy, A. Kutlar, G. D. Efremov, N. Nikolov, G. Petkov, A. L. Reese, T. Harano, S. S. Chen, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract This study concerned the γ chain composition of Hb F and the haplotypes of 44 patients with β‐thalassemia major or intermedia and many of their relatives. Seventeen patients came from Northern (Turkish) Cyprus, 12 from the Istanbul area, and 15 from Macedonia and Bulgaria. Analysis of the A γ T ‐ G γ‐ A γ I ratio was made by HPLC, while haplotyping involved seven restriction sites. Specific haplotypes were present in certain populations; haplotype I [1] is the dominant type among North Cypriot thalassemia patients. Numerous types were seen in the patients from the Balkan countries. A direct relationship between the A γ to G γ ratios and the haplotypes, which exists among black β‐thalassemia heterozygotes [3], was also observed among these Mediterranean patients, although such analyses were considerably complicated by extensive blood transfusion therapy. Haplotypes without the Hinc II restriction site within the Ψβ gene were associated with lower G γ values than those that had this polymorphic site. The A γ T chain was observed in a small number of β‐thalassemia homozygotes and heterozygotes. Three thalassemia chromosomes with slightly different haplotypes and one normal chromosome with a related haplotype were associated with the γ 75 Ile→Thr substitution. A few patients with a thalassemia intermedia were heterozygotes for β‐thalassemia with either haplotypes V or VII [1] while the “nonthalassemic” chromosome had a haplotype I, which is the most common “ β‐thalassemic” haplotype among the Mediterranean population(s). Detailed analyses of this chromosome have not been completed.