tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, Giovanni Tripepi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Traditional risk factors only in part explain the risk differential between the general population and the population of patients with chronic nephropathies. Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia and high calcium phosphate product constitute risk factors for cardiovascular calcifications, cardiac ischemia, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet inflammation may be an even more important trigger of vascular calcification than these metabolic derangements. Homocysteine predicts cardiovascular events in ESRD, but evidence that this sulfur amino acid is directly implicated in the high cardiovascular mortality of uremic patients is still lacking. It seems unlikely that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a major risk factor in dialysis patients because the association between anti-Chlamydia antibodies and incident cardiovascular events seems to depend largely on the confounding effect of some traditional risk factors. Oxidative stress and raised plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are pervasive in ESRD, and high ADMA in these patients may be at least in part the expression of the high rate of generation of oxidants. ADMA per se seems responsible for a 52% increase in the risk of death and for a 34% increase in the risk of cardiovascular events in dialysis patients.
Tungiasis in Travelers From Tropical Africa
Authors: Leon Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TUNGIASIS is an inflammatory condition of the skin produced by the invasion of the pregnant female sand flea<i>Tunga penetrans</i>.<sup>1</sup>With the increased tourist trade to Africa, attention of travelers should be called to the existence of this parasite and the need for early therapy to prevent sepsis. We report five patients with tungiasis. <h3>Report of Cases</h3> An opportunity was presented recently to study a tour party of 19 women traveling to Africa to review native arts and crafts. The tour director mentioned the possibility of tungiasis in her general discussion of the health aspects of the trip. No one of the party gave a history of walking barefoot or even walking outside in the sand or dirt. The tour director informed the people that sheets hung outside and touching the ground were able to permit the brown sand fleas to spread into the bedrooms. Five of the 19
A Case of Recurrent Breast Cancer Detected by Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: Toshiya Okajima, Kenji Ueshima, Osamu Nishiyama, Muneyoshi Ogawa, Mami Aisaka, Masahiko Saito, Kashiwaba Masahiro, Kenta Muranaka, Masayuki Nagamine, Katsuhiko Hiramori
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors report a case of recurrent left breast cancer detected by Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy. A 78-year-old woman had a modified left mastectomy in 1997. Recurrence was suggested on ultrasonography, and reoperation was considered. Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial scintigraphy was performed because of suspicion for coronary artery disease. Myocardial imaging was normal, but abnormal uptake was seen in the left anterior chest wall as a result of tumor recurrence.
Dual role of orphan nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor in bilirubin detoxification in mice
Authors: Simrat P. S. Saini, Ying Mu, Haibiao Gong, David Toma, Hirdesh Uppal, Songrong Ren, Song Li, Samuel M. Poloyac, Wen Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are implicated in xenobiotic and endobiotic detoxification, including the clearance of toxic bilirubin. Previous studies have suggested both overlapping and preferential regulation of target genes by these receptors, but the mechanism of cross-talk remains elusive. Here we reveal a dual role of PXR in bilirubin detoxification in that both the loss and activation of PXR led to protection from hyperbilirubinemia induced by bilirubin infusion or hemolysis. The increased bilirubin clearance in PXR-null mice was associated with selective upregulation of detoxifying enzymes and transporters, and the pattern of regulation is remarkably similar to that of transgenic mice expressing the activated CAR. Interestingly, the increased bilirubin clearance and associated gene regulation were absent in the CAR-null or double-knockout mice. In cell cultures, ligand-free PXR specifically suppressed the ability of CAR to induce the multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2), a bilirubin-detoxifying transporter. This suppression was, at least in part, the result of the disruption of ligand-independent recruitment of coactivator by CAR. In conclusion, PXR plays both positive and negative roles in regulating bilirubin homeostasis, and this provides a novel mechanism that may govern receptor cross-talk and the hierarchy of xenobiotic and endobiotic regulation. PXR is a potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment of jaundice. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:497–505.)
Interplay of Neurologist and Internist in Stroke.
Authors: John Stirling Meyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Interplay of Neurologist and Internist in Stroke.John Stirling Meyer, M.D.John Stirling Meyer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1063_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere are few meeting grounds in medicine as potentially rewarding to patients and physicians alike as the therapeutic problems posed by the patient with cerebrovascular disease. It is the nature of things that the internist is usually the one that is called to see the patient first; he should be aware of the potential contributions of close consultation with the neurologist. On the other hand, it is also the nature of things that the neurologist is frequently the one who diagnoses cerebrovascular disease first, and he and the patient will benefit most by maintaining close liaison with the internist.In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1063-1064KeywordsCerebrovascular diseasesStroke Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Survival, Hospitalization Charges and Follow-up Results in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: David J. Cullen, Linda C. Ferrara, Burton A. Briggs, Peter F. Walker, John Gilbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Abstract In 226 consecutive critically ill primarily postoperative patients, we determined survival and quality of life, hospitalizaron charges, and consumption of blood and blood products. The patients were physiologically unstable and required intensive physician and nursing care. By one month, 123 patients had died (54 per cent), 70 were still hospitalized, and 31 were home; only one of 103 survivors had fully recovered. By 12 months, 164 patients (73 per cent) had died, 10 were still hospitalized, and 51 were home. Twenty-seven of 62 survivors had fully recovered. Hospitalization charges averaged $14,304 per patient. The total charge for blood and blood fractions was $617,710 — 21 per cent of the total hospitalization charge; $515,711 (83 per cent) of the blood charge went to 164 nonsurvivors, whereas $101,939 (17 per cent) went to the 62 survivors. These data document the use of increasingly limited resources in the management of critically ill patients. The medical profession must make difficult decisions to allocate these resources effectively. (N Engl J Med 294:982–987, 1976)
Pollinosis due to Australian pine (<i>Casuarina</i>): an aerobiologic and clinical study in southern Spain
Authors: J. J. García, M. M. Trigo, B. Cabezudo, M. Recio, J. M. Vega, D. Barber, M. J. Carmona, J. A. Cervera, F. J. Toro, A. Miranda
Journal: Allergy (1997)

An aerobiologic and clinical survey was conducted in Málaga, southern Spain, in order to determine fluctuations of Australian pine (Casuarina) pollen in the atmosphere of the city, and the prevalence of sensitivity in a nonatopic population. The aerobiologic survey, using a Burkard spore trap, was conducted from January 1991 to December 1994, and sensitization was ascertained by the skin prick test. The pollen season is relatively short and the pollen dispersion period occurs during October and November, mainly during the last 3 weeks of October. Diurnal patterns showed that the highest concentrations of pollen occur between 12 a.m. and 2 p.m., the most influential variables in its dispersion being temperature, sunshine, and rainfall. The prevalence of sensitization to Casuarina pollen was determined by skin prick test (SPT) in a nonatopic population of 210 patients with a previous history of autumn rhinitis, asthma, or rhinitis asthma. Six subjects showed a positive reaction to the pollen extracts, and the presence of specific IgE was demonstrated by the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST > or = 2) in five of these patients with positive SPT.
Is Assist Legit?
Authors: Samuel Vee
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was much impressed by your editorial on assisted circulation in myocardial infarction. There is no doubt that the circulatory assistor is a valuable addition to the medical "armamentarium" (a great new metaphor, isn't it?). But I must take strong exception to the term "assist." This abbreviation of words through nounization of verbs has crept into the language insidiously after editors began referring to a rejected manuscript as a "reject." It was easy after that to call an accepted manuscript an "accept" and a revision a "revise." And there was nothing to stop such aberrancies of abridgement as "construct" for construction, "surround" for surroundings, "retrieve" for retrieval, and "prevent" for prevention. Surely, editorials inThe Journalshould not aid and abet the perpetuation of this pernicious trend. The circulatory "assist" may be a great achieve, but as a term it is not legit.
1021-97 Impact of diabetes mellitus on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score, procedural utilization, and clinical outcomes in minorities and women as compared to white men with Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Muhammad Rizwan Khalid, Fawad Kazi, Justin Brezina Lundbye, Anita M Kelsey, Raymond G McKay, Roger Mennett, William E Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cyclophosphamide-Cisplatin Versus Cyclophosphamide-Carboplatin in Stage III-IV Ovarian Carcinoma: A Comparison of Equally Myelosuppressive Regimens
Authors: J. H. Edmonson, G. M. McCormack, H. S. Wieand, J. W. Kugler, J. E. Krook, C. R. Stanhope, L. K. Everson, J. A. Laurie, L. P. Ebbert, G. D. Malkasian, S. Abu-Ghazalek, K. C. Podratz, J. F. Barlow, L. H. Weiland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Between March 1985 and January 1987, 103 women with histologically proven stage III-IV ovarian carcinoma were randomly allocated to groups receiving monthly intravenous regimens of 1 g of cyclophosphamide/m2 plus either 60 mg of cisplatin (CDDP)/m2 or 150 mg of carboplatin (CBDCA)/m2 for 1 year unless disease progressed earlier. The groups were well balanced according to the stratification factors (age, histologic differentiation, extent of residual disease, and performance score), and both treatments were well tolerated and produced similar median first-course leukopenia (2,200 and 2,000 cells/microL) and thrombocytopenia (220,000 and 202,500 cells/microL). The CBDCA regimen was less emetogenic. After an interim analysis in January 1987 revealed superior progression-free survival for the group of 53 patients receiving CDDP (P = .005), the study was closed to further accrual. Those 24 patients still receiving CBDCA were encouraged to cross over to the CDDP-based regimen and 21 of them did. Following treatment crossover, the relative risk of death associated with original allocation to CBDCA receded from 1.79 to 0.97, indicating success of the salvage treatment using the CDDP-based regimen. This aborted study demonstrated the superiority of CDDP over CBDCA when the two platinum compounds were compared at equally myelosuppressive low doses in combination with 1 g of cyclophosphamide/m2. If CDDP is to be supplanted by CBDCA, larger, more myelosuppressive doses of CBDCA will be required. The platinum drug antitumor effect is a critically important therapeutic feature of this combination.
Colorectal Screening after Polypectomy
Authors: Fadi Antaki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters5 June 2007Colorectal Screening after PolypectomyFadi Antaki, MDFadi Antaki, MDFrom Erasme Hospital, Brussels 1070, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read Boolchand and colleagues' excellent study (1) with great interest. The study confirms a trend that we have all seen in day-to-day gastroenterology practices. However, to be fair to our colleagues, it is important to remember that the old American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines, published in 2003 (2), recommended a surveillance colonoscopy in 3 to 6 years for patients with a single, small adenoma and within 3 years after initial polypectomy for patients with multiple adenomas. These guidelines differed from those of the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force (USMSTF) on Colorectal Cancer, published in 2003 (3), which ...References1. Boolchand V, Olds G, Singh J, Singh P, Chak A, Cooper GS. Colorectal screening after polypectomy: a national survey study of primary care physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:654-9. [PMID: 17088578] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Eyre HJ. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, 2003. CA Cancer J Clin. 2003;53:27-43. [PMID: 12568442] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D, Bond J, Burt R, Ferrucci J, et al. Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale. Update based on new evidence. Gastroenterology. 2003;124:544-60. [PMID: 12557158] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy: a consensus update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1872-85. [PMID: 16697750] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Fadi Antaki, MDAffiliations: From Erasme Hospital, Brussels 1070, Belgium.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoColorectal Screening after Polypectomy: A National Survey Study of Primary Care Physicians Vikram Boolchand , Gregory Olds , Joseph Singh , Pankaj Singh , Amitabh Chak , and Gregory S. Cooper Colorectal Screening after Polypectomy Maj Hans F. Otto Colorectal Screening after Polypectomy Vikram Boolchand and Gregory S. Cooper Metrics 5 June 2007Volume 146, Issue 11Page: 820KeywordsAcute coronary syndromeAdenomasColonoscopyColorectal cancerColorectal cancer screeningConflicts of interestPolypectomies ePublished: 5 June 2007 Issue Published: 5 June 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Hamster Tissues: A Critical Review*
Authors: JONATHAN J. LI, SARA ANTONIA LI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

ESTROGENS have been implicated as causative agents in tumor development for more than half a century. A number of mammalian species, including primates as well as man, are susceptible to the formation of neoplasms, both benign and malignant, at various organ sites after chronic exposure to sex hormones (1). In an effort to gain an understanding of how these hormonal induced neoplastic changes take place, the estrogeninduced tumors in the hamster kidney and liver have become the most intensively studied experimental systems in hormonal carcinogenesis (2–8). Based mainly on our studies over the years, we had proposed that estrogens effect neoplastic transformation in the hamster kidney and liver via their hormonal and metabolic activities operating in concert (9, 10). Metabolic activity of estrogens is presently defined as the generation of reactive metabolites, directly or indirectly, and their subsequentbinding to cellular macromolecules. Different laboratories have proposed the primacy of one or the other of these activities in an effort to explain how estrogens elicit tumorigenesis in the hamster. Given the present state of knowledge, it is deemed appropriate at this time to critically review these considerations individually to determine their contributions, if any, to estrogen-induced tumorigenesis in the hamster kidney and liver. A central concept in our review is that conclusions based on results obtained from either biochemical or in vitro data must reasonably correlate with findings in the whole animal to be significant, unless there is a compelling rationale presented to explain the discrepancy. Hormonal activity in this context is defined as receptor-mediated cell proliferation as well as the induced syntheses of specific macromolecules and membrane effects of hormones in target tissues.
Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid Tumor and Related Cervical Vertebral Metastasis With PET-Positive and Octreotide-Negative Scintigraphy
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

F-18 FDG PET imaging provides a great clinical advance in the evaluation and staging of solitary pulmonary nodules. It may detect overlooked or unexpected locoregional and distant dissemination related to lung malignancy. The authors present a case of bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor with a vertebral metastasis exhibiting positive PET findings and negative somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.
Conflicts of interest may affect conclusions of systematic reviews of flu drugs, study indicates
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Systematic reviews by authors with financial conflicts of interest gave favorable assessments of the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of influenza more often than did reviews by authors without such conflicts, a new study has found.

Writing in the Annals of Internal Medicine , Adam Dunn of the Centre for Health Informatics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, and colleagues noted that the role of neuraminidase inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of flu remained controversial and that the conclusions of review articles have ranged from strong endorsement of their use to assessments that questioned the drugs’ safety and efficacy.1 While acknowledging that there …
1059-9 Platelet P-selection and plasma levels of circulating cytokines in young patients with mild arterial hypertension
Authors: Christian Stumpf, Jelena Jukic, Atilla Yilmaz, Stefan John, Dorette Raaz, Roland E Schmieder, Werner G Daniel, Christoph D Garlichs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
O24 HEPATOCYTE SPECIFIC KNOCK-OUT OF AUTOPHAGY INDUCES LIVER INJURY, BUT INHIBITS STEATOSIS AND IMPROVES SERUM LIPIDS IN MICE FED A CONTROL AND METHIONINE CHOLINE DEFICIENT DIET
Authors: W.J. Kwanten, W. Martinet, B.Y. De Winter, V.V. Van Hoof, P. Bedossa, P.P. Michielsen, S.M. Francque
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
New state owned company will spearhead DNA sequencing in the NHS
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new organisation, Genomics England, is to run a pioneering scheme to sequence the genome of 100 000 patients over the next five years, starting with patients with lung and paediatric cancers, rare diseases, and infectious diseases.

Announcing the detailed arrangements for the scheme, first promised by the prime minister last December, health secretary Jeremy Hunt said that it was an appropriate way to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the NHS, which falls today. 

Genomics England, to be chaired by Sir John Chisholm, would provide the investment and leadership necessary to sequence genomes at scale and pace, he said, driving down costs as it drove up the investment in a totally new sphere of science.

“The result will be pioneering scientific research hand in hand with commercial investment—the birth of a world beating life sciences industry right here in the UK,” he claimed. “Creating jobs and prosperity, yes, but also unlocking the key to more sustainable healthcare. And helping us, through the …
PROLONGED USE OF EPINEPHRIN IN ASTHMA
Authors: J. N. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>Patient.—</h3> A physician of unusual enterprise and intelligence, aged 35, an athlete weighing over 200 pounds, contracted whooping cough in May, 1903, and during convalescence from this disease began to suffer for the first time with bronchial asthma. During the summer nasal polypi were removed from the region of the middle turbinate, with much aggravation of the asthma. During the next year he was treated prominent physicians in two of the largest American cities and in Liverpool and London, more polypi being removed in the latter city. The asthma became progressively worse so that the patient came to Denver a complete invalid in October, 1904. He had at this time no free interval of over an hour, and slept in the upright posture. <h3>Physical Examination.—</h3> This showed pronounced general asthmatic wheezing. There was marked dulness over the upper sternal region and the voice and respiratory sounds on the right were decreased
Periodontal Disease Detected by Tc-99m Albumin Colloid Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: RICHARD W. KIM, CAROL S. MARCUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 21-year-old woman had fever and pain in the right lower quadrant for 3 days. A Tc-99m albumin colloid leukocyte study was performed to identify possible appendicitis (1-3). This is a report of a case of serendipitous detection of periodontal disease with the leukocyte imaging procedure. The scan was performed after intravenous administration of 185 MBq (5.0 mCi) of Tc-99m albumin colloid leukocytes, and it revealed mild accumulation of the tracer in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, which was surgically proven appendicitis. However, unexpected intense radionuclide activity was demonstrated in the periodontal region