tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Damp housing and childhood asthma: validation of reporting of symptoms.
Authors: D P Strachan
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relations among parental reports of respiratory symptoms, bronchospasm measured after exercise, and the presence of visible fungal mould in the home was assessed in a population sample of 7 year old children (n = 873). Wheeze in the past year was the symptom most closely associated with reported dampness and particularly with mould. The unadjusted odds ratio relating mould and wheeze was 3.70 (95% confidence interval 2.22 to 6.15), and after adjustment for housing tenure, number of people per room, number of smokers in the household, and gas cooking this remained highly significant (odds ratio 3.00 (1.72 to 5.25)). The reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second after six minutes of free running was used to validate reporting of wheeze. At all levels of measured bronchial lability wheeze was reported more commonly in the children from homes with mould. There was no significant difference in the degree of bronchospasm measured among children from homes with and without mould. Awareness of dampness or mould in the home may be a determinant of parental reporting of symptoms and may account for much of the observed association between mould and respiratory symptoms.
Emergency Treatment of Poisoning
Authors: J. D. P. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<b>1865</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> The aim of this study is to ilustrate potential neurological applications of PET/MRI hybrid systems trough routine PET and MRI coregistration of the brain <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> We studied 66 patients referred for a neurologic FDG-PET. All of them had also a brain MRI. Images were coregistered and read by a nuclear physician and a radiologist. Of note, 30 of the 35 patients who were indicated for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia had clinical follow up (18 ± 7 months). <h3><b>Results</b></h3> Indications were follow: 1) 36 patients (54%) for evaluation of MCI or dementia; 2) 20 epilepsy patients (32%) for focus localization; 3) six (9%) for evaluation of parkinsonian syndromes; and 4) three (4%) for differentiate brain tumor recurrence from radionecrosis. In the MCI/dementia group, five of the 29 (17%) had a metabolism pattern of Alzheimer disease (AD). Structural changes on MRI were seen on three, including one mixed dementia (vascular and AD). Three of the 29 (10%) had a metabolism pattern other than AD: one frontotemporal (FTD) and two Lewy bodies (DLB). Aside no structural changes were seen on MRI in DLB cases, the MR spectroscopy helped a more confident diagnosis. In the epilepsy group, 12 of the 20 patients (60%) had an abnormal PET with a concordant MRI on seven (58%). Probably our detection rate was low, because a bias sample, since the majority of our patients had a normal outside MRI previously. In the parkinsonism group, aside no MRI changes were seen, it aided in precise localization of small structures metabolism, such as the striatum, critical on this syndrome differentiation. On differentiating recurrence from radionecrosis, the PET/MRI fused images optimized functional capabilities of the MRI component. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> 1. Brain PET/MRI can outperforms each modality alone on the evaluation of neurological diseases. 2. In neurodegenerative disease, low correlation was seen between metabolism and structural changes. 3. PET/MRI contributed to a more reliable epilepsy focus diagnosis and optimizes functional capabilities of MRI for brain tumors.
Proposed New Death Certificate Is Only as Good a Data Source as Physician Who Fills It Out
Authors: Suzann Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

CHANGES in the national death certificate model, which became effective on January 1, are likely to help physicians provide more complete and accurate information, particularly in the "cause-of-death" section, according to Harry M. Rosenberg, MD, chief, Mortality Statistics Branch, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. Officials meet to revise the US Standard Certificate of Death and other vital statistics certificates every 10 years, striving to improve the quality of health statistics, Rosenberg says. They send the revised copies as recommendations to the 50 states. State officials have the option to accept or reject the changes for their own certificates, although their revisions must be approved by federal officials. Most states already have included many of this year's recommendations in their own certificates, according to George Tolson, a statistician at the National Center for Health Statistics. <h3>Seeking Better Data</h3> Death certificate entries are used to determine death rates by cause,
Intestinal Putrefaction (Auto-Infection).
Authors: Robt. Hunter Dalton
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It seems remarkable that with all the teliologic acumen of our profession, one of the principal causes of disease has been hitherto almost entirely overlooked—that of intestinal putrefaction, so palpable that it could not have been concealed; and it is more than probable that the largest proportion of fatalities have heretofore resulted, directly or indirectly, from that single cause. The idea is a simple cognition apart from any technical qualification; in other words, we have only to see and believe; for if we observe the natural process of digestion, assimilation and elimination we can not fail to perceive the inevitable morbid influence that must necessarily follow in the wake of delayed defecation. As soon as the mass of chyme emerges from the stomach, the elements of which it is composed begin to change their relations, and as it gradually passes down through the alimentary canal the nutritive combinations are absorbed
Assessing Predictive Performance Beyond the Framingham Risk Score
Authors: Bart S. Ferket
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
POLITICS AND THE HEALTH OFFICER
Authors: MATTHIAS NICOLL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

There can be no question that public health service as a career does not offer sufficient attraction to many of the best type of technically trained men, whether they are physicians, sanitary engineers or statisticians, to induce them to make it their life work. Although, in recent years, such men are entering the service in greater numbers than formerly, the need for thoroughly competent officials by states, counties and cities is far greater than the supply, and, it may be added, greater than the demand. The reasons for this unpopularity of public health service are: 1. Lack of knowledge on the part of many graduates of the professional schools as to the character of the work, the opportunities afforded for developing it and the qualifications, technical and personal, which are essential to success. In order to furnish this information, it would seem desirable to introduce somewhere in the curriculum of
Intensive Lipid-Lowering With Atorvastatin for Secondary Prevention in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Sanjiv J. Shah, David D. Waters, Philip Barter, John J.P. Kastelein, James Shepherd, Nanette K. Wenger, David A. DeMicco, Andrei Breazna, John C. LaRosa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Motor Neuron Diseases: Research on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Authors: Robert S. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This volume on motor neuron diseases, extraordinarily complete, has been beautifully edited and organized by Norris and Kurland, the former a purely clinical neurologist, and the latter a world-famous neuroepidemiologist. It is pleasing that this volume as it is published has been dedicated to the late Lord Brain, who was very active in this symposium, and whose concise and informative paper adds greatly to the interest of the book. In such a brief review as this, it is impossible to do justice to the 36 contributions. Certainly the organizers have chosen the very top experts in their various fields, such as Lambert in electromyography, Engel in muscle biopsy, and Koenig in histochemical metabolic abnormalities. Having all the discussions follow at the end of the volume is perhaps not as good an arrangement as having each chapter discussed separately, but it does give an added value to the discussion as a
Differences in Hospital Resource Allocation Among Sick Newborns According to Insurance Coverage
Authors: Paula A. Braveman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To assess whether newborns' insurance coverage was associated with differences in the allocation of hospital services.Retrospective analysis of computerized hospital discharge data, comparing resource allocation among newborns according to insurance status, controlling for race/ethnicity, diagnoses, hospital characteristics (ownership, teaching status, nursery level), and disposition.All California civilian acute-care hospitals.Population-based sample, excluding out-of-hospital and military hospital births. Resource allocation was studied among all newborns discharged in 1987 with evidence of serious problems (N = 29,751).Length of stay, total charges, and charges per day.Sick newborns without insurance received fewer inpatient services than comparable privately insured newborns with either indemnity or prepaid coverage. This pattern was observed across all hospital ownership types. Mean stay was 15.7 days for all privately insured newborns (15.6 days for those with indemnity and 15.7 days for those with prepaid coverage), 14.8 days for Medicaid-covered newborns, and 13.2 days for uninsured newborns (P less than .001). Length of stay, total charges, and charges per day were 16%, 28%, and 10% less, respectively, for the uninsured than for all privately insured newborns (P less than .001). Resources for newborns covered by Medicaid were generally greater than for the uninsured and less than for the privately insured. Both uninsured and Medicaid-covered newborns were found to have more severe medical problems than the privately insured.The findings cannot be explained by differences in medical need or by differences in non-medically indicated services; they constitute prima facie evidence of inequities that need to be addressed by policy changes.
Postexposure Prophylaxis After Nonoccupational HIV Exposure
Authors: Peter Lurie, Suellen Miller, Frederick Hecht, Margaret Chesney, Bernard Lo
Journal: JAMA (1998)

In the wake of recent breakthroughs in antiviral therapies and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations advocating occupational postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), health care workers are increasingly receiving inquiries about PEP following exposures to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through sex and injection drug use. The probability of HIV transmission by certain sexual or injection drug exposures is of the same order of magnitude as percutaneous occupational exposures for which the CDC recommends PEP. In such cases, if the exposure is sporadic, it seems appropriate to extrapolate from the data on occupational PEP and recommend prophylaxis. However, for individuals with continuing or low-risk exposures, we instead recommend referrals to state-of-the-art risk reduction programs. Clinicians, using local HIV seroprevalence data and their knowledge of transmission probabilities, can help exposed patients make an informed decision regarding PEP. Because of the large number of risky encounters that will not be treated prophylactically, even after significant outreach efforts, public health interventions that emphasize PEP as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention program should be confined to cities with highest HIV prevalences.
Basis for Increased Microtubules in Pressure-Hypertrophied Cardiocytes
Authors: Hirofumi Tagawa, John D. Rozich, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Takahiro Narishige, Dhandapani Kuppuswamy, Hiroshi Sato, Paul J. McDermott, Masaaki Koide, George Cooper
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We have shown on the levels of the sarcomere and the cardiocyte that a persistent increase in microtubule density accounts to a remarkable degree for the contractile dysfunction seen in pressure-overload right ventricular hypertrophy. In the present study, we have asked whether these linked phenotypic and contractile abnormalities are an immediate and direct effect of load input into the cardiocyte or instead a concomitant of hypertrophic growth in response to pressure overloading. Methods and Results The feline right ventricle was pressure-overloaded by pulmonary artery banding. The quantity of microtubules was estimated from immunoblots and immunofluorescent micrographs, and their mechanical effects were assessed by measuring sarcomere motion during microtubule depolymerization. The biogenesis of microtubules was estimated from Northern and Western blot analyses of tubulin mRNAs and proteins. These measurements were made in control cats and in operated cats during and after the completion of right ventricular hypertrophy; the left ventricle from each heart served as a normally loaded same-animal control. We have shown that the alterations in microtubule density and sarcomere mechanics are not an immediate consequence of pressure overloading but instead appear in parallel with the load-induced increase in cardiac mass. Of potential mechanistic importance, both these changes and increases in tubulin poly A + mRNA and protein coexist indefinitely after a new, higher steady state of right ventricular mass is reached. Conclusions Because we find persistent increases both in microtubules and in their biosynthetic precursors in pressure-hypertrophied myocardium, the mechanisms for this cytoskeletal abnormality must be sought through studies of the control both of microtubule stability and of tubulin synthesis.
1151 PHENOTYPIC VIROGRAM OF CLINICAL STRAINS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS USING CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN HEPATOCYTES
Authors: T. Durand, M. Lahmar, E. Garnier, C. Gondeau, P. Bruscella, B.-M. Imbert, M. Ventura, C. Feray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
BILATERAL AND MULTIPLE ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: ELLICE McDONALD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Multiple ectopic pregnancy is by no means an uncommon occurrence. Like a great number of other medical rarities, it has been more frequently found when observers are educated to look for it. The fact that twin ectopic pregnancy is proportionately more common than is normal twin uterine pregnancy has led Barnes to suggest that twin conception is a cause of ectopic pregnancy. This, however, is mere theory and has no definite basis of proof. Multiple ectopic pregnancy may be divided into several classes. There may be pregnancy in the uterus with a tubal pregnancy; this is called combined pregnancy. There may be a pregnancy in each tube—bilateral ectopic pregnancy. There may be a pregnancy with both embryos in one tube—twin tubal pregnancy. These conceptions may begin at the same time or one may begin later than the other, or they may begin at the same time and the development of
Pharmaceutical industry braces itself for government changes to drug pricing
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Government plans to alter the way in which the prices of drugs are set could leave patients waiting longer, drug companies and analysts have warned.

In place of the existing system, in which companies can set their own prices at launch, subject only to a limit on the overall profits they can make, drugs will be subject to value based pricing, the new government has indicated. Health secretary Andrew Lansley says it would be “a much more rational system.”

But in countries that already negotiate drug prices there is often a delay as the terms of reimbursement are worked out. In the United Kingdom a drug can be marketed as soon as it has a licence, and at a price the company chooses. This has made the UK an attractive market in which to launch drugs, especially as the NHS price can then be used as a guide to pricing in other markets. Adrian Towse, director of the Office of Health Economics, says he fears that the change will …
Timer: a new objective measure of consultation content and its application to computer assisted consultations.
Authors: M Pringle, S Robins, G Brown
Journal: BMJ (1986)

As part of the research into the effect in the consultation of the use of a computer to prompt opportunistic preventive care a valid, objective, and practical measure of the consultation process was required. After a review of the alternative methods the Time Interval Medical Event Recorder (Timer) was developed, its reliability tested, and applied to 93 control consultations and 49 computer assisted consultations. Timer records, every five seconds, four consultation events: the problems being dealt with, the physical activity, the verbal activity, and the secondary tasks being attempted. Timer showed that control consultations lasted an average of 6 minutes 58 seconds. The doctors spent 35% of their time on administration, and patients and doctors were both conversational for just 33% of the consultation. Giving information was the most common verbal activity (48% of the duration of the consultation) with silence accounting for 21% of the time. When the computer was used the average consultation was longer, at 7 minutes and 46 seconds. The doctor9s contribution to the consultation appeared to have increased. Patient centred speech fell from 36% in controls to 28% of the duration of the consultation when the computer was used, while doctor centred speech rose from 30% to 34.5%. Secondary tasks (exploring patient concepts, education, management sharing, and prevention) were attempted during 28% of the control consultations and 40% of the computer consultations. This was accounted for by the increase in prevention (p less than 0.001). Timer is a reliable and practical tool for researching the consultation, and though it has shown validity in detecting differences between consultations that use a computer and those that do not, further applications are required to establish its full value.
Abstract 672: Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy in an Hispanic population
Authors: Lourdes Guerrios, Cynthia Perez, Margarita Irizarry-Ramirez, Stephen Freedland
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Abstract: Introduction and Objective: Prostate Cancer (PC) mortality is higher in Puerto Rico (PR) versus either US Hispanics or Caucasians, despite lower incidence. Also, PR has the highest self- reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) among all states and territories. Data on the association between DM and PC is mixed, but a prior study by our group suggested it may affect PC differentially by White vs. Black race. This has not been studied in Hispanic men. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of men treated with RP between 2000-2010 at the San Juan, PR VA Hospital. Data collection is ongoing with 99 men identified to date treated between 2000 and 2003. The association between DM and PSA recurrence was tested using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of the 99 abstracted to date, 21 had DM (21%). There were no differences in pre-operative features between men with and without DM (all p&amp;gt;0.14). Similarly, pathological features were similar between men with and without DM at surgery (all p&amp;gt;0.13). On unadjusted analyses, DM was significantly associated with increased risk of PSA recurrence (HR 2.81, 95% CI 1.31-6.07, p=0.008). These results did not vary significantly after adjusting for age, BMI, Gleason score, and PSA (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.16-5.89, p=0.021). Updated data will be presented. Conclusion: In a radical prostatectomy cohort of Hispanic men from PR, our preliminary data showed that men with DM at the time of surgery had significantly higher rates of PSA recurrence. As this is the first study of DM and RP outcomes in Hispanic men, these results require validation both in our full cohort and in other datasets. If confirmed, further research is needed to better understand why DM is linked with aggressive PC in Hispanics and whether this information can be used to identify better prevention and treatment strategies for PC, especially for Hispanic men. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 672. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-672
Cancer Risk After Organ Transplantation--Reply
Authors: E. A. Engels, R. M. Pfeiffer, B. L. Kasiske
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxybutynin for Diabetic Complications
Authors: Elliott W. Chideckel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Though a number of drugs have been used for diabetic sweating and diabetic diarrhea, often the drugs are either insufficient or associated with disabling side effects.<sup>1,2</sup>Oxybutynin is an antimuscarinic receptorblocking agent that also possesses intrinsic antispasmodic properties.<sup>3</sup>It has been available since 1955 and has been most widely used in the treatment of bladder spasm. Mixed results were reported when this agent was used for a variety of nondiabetic diarrheal diseases.<sup>4</sup>In 1988, LeWitt<sup>5</sup>reported a serendipitous observation when oxybutynin was given to a patient with congenital absence of the corpus callosum and bladder spasm: the severe sweating to which patients with this syndrome are prone dramatically resolved under the influence of oxybutynin. On the basis of this report, we attempted use of oxybutynin in a patient with diabetes who had severe post-gustatory sweating. We then gave it to two other patients