tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health in China: Maternal and child health in China
Authors: T. Hesketh, W. X. Zhu
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> China has made great progress in improving the health of women and children over the past two generations. The success has been attributed to improved living standards, public health measures, and good access to health services. Although overall infant and maternal mortality rates are relatively low there are large differences in patterns of mortality between urban and rural areas. The Chinese have developed a hierarchical network of maternal and child health services, with each level taking a supervisory and teaching role for the level below it. Maternal and child health in China came to international attention in 1995 with the promulgation of the maternal and child health law. In China this was seen as a means of prioritising resources and improving the quality of services, but in the West it was widely described as a law on eugenics.
Abstract 1237: Heat Shock Protein Induction Attenuates Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation Promotion in Dogs with Ventricular Tachycardiomyopathy
Authors: Akiko Shiroshita-Takeshita, Masao Sakabe, Ange Maguy, Sophie Cardin, Bianca J Brundel, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Both atrial tachycardia (AT) and heart failure (HF) cause AF-promoting remodeling, but with different pathophysiologies. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by a variety of stressors and may hav...
Fully Automated Versus Standard Tracking of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Longitudinal Strain
Authors: Christian Knackstedt, Sebastiaan C.A.M. Bekkers, Georg Schummers, Marcus Schreckenberg, Denisa Muraru, Luigi P. Badano, Andreas Franke, Chirag Bavishi, Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Hypoglycemia and Risk of Death in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Simon R Finfer, Bette Liu, Dean R Chittock, Robyn Norton, John A Myburgh, Colin McArthur, Imogen Mitchell, Denise Foster, Vinay Dhingra, William R Henderson, Juan J Ronco, Rinaldo Bellomo, Deborah J Cook, Ellen McDonald, Peter Dodek, Paul Hebert, Daren K Heyland, Bruce Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Whether hypoglycemia leads to death in critically ill patients is unclear.We examined the associations between moderate and severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose, 41 to 70 mg per deciliter [2.3 to 3.9 mmol per liter] and ≤40 mg per deciliter [2.2 mmol per liter], respectively) and death among 6026 critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Patients were randomly assigned to intensive or conventional glucose control. We used Cox regression analysis with adjustment for treatment assignment and for baseline and postrandomization covariates.Follow-up data were available for 6026 patients: 2714 (45.0%) had moderate hypoglycemia, 2237 of whom (82.4%) were in the intensive-control group (i.e., 74.2% of the 3013 patients in the group), and 223 patients (3.7%) had severe hypoglycemia, 208 of whom (93.3%) were in the intensive-control group (i.e., 6.9% of the patients in this group). Of the 3089 patients who did not have hypoglycemia, 726 (23.5%) died, as compared with 774 of the 2714 with moderate hypoglycemia (28.5%) and 79 of the 223 with severe hypoglycemia (35.4%). The adjusted hazard ratios for death among patients with moderate or severe hypoglycemia, as compared with those without hypoglycemia, were 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.62; P<0.001) and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.59 to 2.77; P<0.001), respectively. The association with death was increased among patients who had moderate hypoglycemia on more than 1 day (>1 day vs. 1 day, P=0.01), those who died from distributive (vasodilated) shock (P<0.001), and those who had severe hypoglycemia in the absence of insulin treatment (hazard ratio, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.37 to 6.23; P<0.001).In critically ill patients, intensive glucose control leads to moderate and severe hypoglycemia, both of which are associated with an increased risk of death. The association exhibits a dose-response relationship and is strongest for death from distributive shock. However, these data cannot prove a causal relationship. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; NICE-SUGAR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00220987.).
Prognostic Significance of T-Cell Phenotype in Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: Christian Gisselbrecht, Philippe Gaulard, Eric Lepage, Bertrand Coiffier, Josette Brière, Corinne Haioun, Dominique Cazals-Hatem, André Bosly, Luc Xerri, Hervé Tilly, Françoise Berger, Reda Bouhabdallah, Jacques Diebold
Journal: Blood (1998)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta and other Bone Disorders in the Differential Diagnosis of Unexplained Fractures
Authors: C R Paterson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

Over the past 14 years I have been asked to investigate 86 children with unexplained fractures in whom non-accidental injury had been suspected. In each case at least one professional observer, often a guardian ad litem, had felt that there was doubt about the accuracy of that diagnosis. The group therefore represents a selected population. Among these patients several clear patterns have emerged. The most common findings were osteogenesis imperfecta and a newly recognized group oftemporary brittle bone diseases.
Cancer Prevention in Primary Care: Smoking and cancer: smoking cessation
Authors: J Austoker, D Sanders, G Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Smoking is the single most important cause of cancer. The risk of developing cancer is reduced by stopping smoking and decreases substantially after five years. Reduction in smoking must be central to any programme aimed seriously at the prevention of cancer. An individual approach, based in primary care, has the potential to bring about modest but important reductions in risk. Many randomised trials have shown the effectiveness of various smoking cessation interventions in primary care. Given resource limitations in primary care, individual effort should be focused on those at highest risk who are motivated to stop smoking. A population strategy has considerable advantages over the high risk approach as the potential for reducing morbidity and mortality in the whole population is much greater. The government must acknowledge its major responsibility; the outstanding example of its failure to do this is its persistent refusal to ban outright all forms of advertising and promotion of tobacco. There is clear evidence that a ban would contribute to a reduction in smoking prevalence and especially in the uptake of smoking by children.
Abstract 19448: Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients Following Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Arthur R Garan, Kerry Morrison, Laurie Letarte, Jesus Vazquez, Drew Dano, Paolo Colombo, Melana Yuzefpolskaya, Rosie Te-Frey, Hiroo Takayama, Yoshifumi Naka, John Morrow, Hasan Garan, Ulrich P Jorde, Nir Uriel
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) (i.e. VT or VF) are common following continuous flow LVAD (CF-LVAD) implantation. Reports of VAs in this population have been retrospective, included short-term VADs, or focused predominantly on pulsatile flow devices. Objective: In this study we aim to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of VAs in CF-LVAD patients, their clinical impact, and the need for ICDs in those patients. Methods: All patients with CF-LVADs and an ICD presenting to our institution were enrolled and followed prospectively. The primary end-point was a composite of hemodynamically significant VA (causing hypotension, worsening CHF, or end-organ dysfunction) or admission as a result of VA. At subsequent hospitalizations or clinic visits, patients’ ICDs were interrogated to identify new VAs. Results: Sixty-nine patients were enrolled. Follow up totaled 64.5 CF-LVAD-patient years. Sixty-five (94.2%) were men, 34 (49.3%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy, and average age was 62.9 + 11.9 years. Six (8.7%) had undergone catheter ablation for VT prior to surgery, 19 (27.5%) had experienced a VA 90 days prior to surgery, and 27 (39.1%) were taking an anti-arrhythmic drug at enrollment. Excluding VAs occurring within 30 days of surgery, 19 (27.5%) patients had 85 VAs for an event rate of 1.3 VAs/patient year. Twelve patients (17.4%) met the primary end-point. Predictors of the primary end-point were VAs occurring prior to surgery and use of anti-arrhythmic drug. There was a trend towards significance for ischemic cardiomyopathy and prior VT ablation. Conclusions: Despite the support provided by CF-LVADs, VAs carry significant morbidity and pose risk for end organ damage and recurrent hospitalization. VAs pre-operatively and anti-arrhythmic use were associated with VA-related morbidities post-operatively. These patients may require more aggressive anti-arrhythmic therapies following surgery and ICDs continue to play a crucial role in their care.
Roles of periostin in vascular remodeling of allergic granulomatous angiitis in murine model
Authors: Naomi Suzuki, Nobuhito Sasaki, Miyuki Niisato, Yu Utsumi, Yoshio Nakajima, Masahiro Yamashita, Yutaka Nakamura, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Takashi Sawai, Kohei Yamauchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : We reported an allergic granulomatous angiitis (AGA) model of C57BL/6 mice (Exp Lung Res 2010). We also reported the suppressive effects of imatinib mesylate (IM) on vascular remodeling (ERS 2010). Periostin is a matricellular protein involved in airway remodeling in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis.   Objectives : To elucidate the role of periostin (PO) in vascular remodeling in AGA, we measured the concentrations of PO in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and serum in an AGA model of C57BL/6, in BALB/c as control and in C57BL/6 treated with IM.  Methods : C57BL/6 and BALB/c were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). They were exposed to aerosolized OVA daily for 7 days. C57BL/6 mice (IM treated) were also administered with IM (4.5mg/kg, p.o.) in parallel with daily exposure to aerosolized OVA for 7 days (n=12). On the 7th day, BAL was performed and the lungs were excised for pathological analysis. The concentrations of PO in BALF and serum were measured and the values were expressed as mean ± SE.   Results : The PO concentration in BALF of sensitized C57BL/6 mice exposed to OVA was significantly higher than that of BALB/c (C57BL/6  vs  BALB/c; 39.3±0.58  vs  13.56±2.42 %, p=0.003). PO in BALF of the IM treated C57BL/6 was significantly reduced compared to positive control mice (control  vs  IM treated; 40.3±1.85  vs  33.9±1.95 %, p=0.019). The pathological scores were reduced significantly in the IM treated group compared to the control group (control  vs  IM treated; 3.67±0.2  vs  2.20±0.2, p=0.004).   Conclusion : The PO concentration in BALF was associated with vascular remodeling in a murine AGA model, suggesting its pivotal role in myofibroblast proliferation in pulmonary arteries.
Abstract 4279: Pravastatin prevents aortic root dilation in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: John S Byrne, Jonathan McGuinness, Emma Tobin, Valentina Andreoni, Antonella Puggioni, Elaine Kay, Arnold D Hill, David Bouchier Hayes, Hal Dietz, Mark Redmond
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Aneurysm and dissection are potentially lethal sequelae of aortic root dilation in Marfan Syndrome. We used a murine model to test the hypothesis that pravastatin attenuates this aortic root dilati...
Abstract 2093: AAV1-LPLS447X Gene Therapy With Alipogene Tiparvovec Prevents Pancreatitis in Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
Authors: Remco Franssen, Daniel Gaudet, Erik S Stroes, John J Kastelein, Diane Brisson, Sophie Rousseau, Janneke De Wal, Sander J Van Deventer
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD) is the most common cause of familial chylomicronemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Acute pancreatitis is a common, life threatening complicatio...
Endogenous and Synthetic ABHD5 Ligands Regulate ABHD5-Perilipin Interactions and Lipolysis in Fat and Muscle
Authors: Matthew A. Sanders, Franck Madoux, Ljiljana Mladenovic, Huamei Zhang, Xiangqun Ye, Michelle Angrish, Emilio P. Mottillo, Joseph A. Caruso, Geoff Halvorsen, William R. Roush, Peter Chase, Peter Hodder, James G. Granneman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Immune response to H-pylori heat shock protein 60 strongly correlates with chronic inflammation in gastric mucosa but not with the development of atrophy or presence of anticanalicular autoantibodies
Authors: T Vorobjova, O Ananieva, H Maaroos, P Sipponen, G Faller, M Utt, I Nilsson, Torkel Wadström, K Villako, R Uibo
Journal: Gut (2001)
Abstract 15187: Monitoring the Safety and Effectiveness of Dabigatran and Warfarin in Routine Care: An Interim Analysis Using U.S. Healthcare Utilization Data
Authors: John D Seeger, Dorothee B Bartels, Krista Huybrechts, Katsiaryna Bykov, Kristina Zint, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Depending on dosing regime, dabigatran demonstrated comparable or better safety and efficacy relative to warfarin in randomized trials investigating patients with non-valvular atrial fi...
Push for a Year Supply of Birth Control
Authors: Laura Buchholz
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elimination of tuberculosis from Europe and the world
Authors: E Tala, A Kochi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

International Union Against Tuberculosis and LungDisease, and the World Health Organization (WHO) [1].The name was challenging: "The last fight against tuberculosis until elimination".The main targets were to disseminate current advanced knowledge on tuberculosis control in low-prevalence countries, with special reference to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pan de mic and to revi ew current co ncepts and approaches in order to update a document on the elimination phase of tuberculosis in Europe.Nearly all European countries participated and invaluable contd• butions were supplied from Canada, Japan and the United States.The rate of tuberculosis has steadily declined in technically advanced countries and some of them are approach ing the si tu at ion where "elimination programmes" can be initiated [2][3][4][5].These are different from the tuberculosis control programmes, which the great majority of countries at present follow but some still lack.Even in Europe the differences in tuberculosis incidence between countries are around tenfold.In 1988, Denmark, Holland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden bad about six new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, whilst Portugal, Romania and Yugoslavia had around 60 per 100,000 [6].Consequently, they cannot implement the same programme.The figures have to be compared with caution, because the quality of data is not uniform and compatible.Nearly all European countries coJlect yearly information on notified tuberculosis cases, but it is dep lorable that this basic data, essential for programme managers to be able to monitor results and allocate resources at national and international level, is in some cases inaccurate or even non-existent.These flaws were discussed at the workshop and some operational definitions were suggested.The work has been continuing at recent WHO meetings, and it is hoped that the concepts and definitions will be better specified and notification systems improved.The tuberculosis control programmes in Europe have been successful in improving the situation among children and young adults, and this has perhaps led to the erroneous belief that time will do the rest.However,
Mismatch of Sleep and Work Timing and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Céline Vetter, Elizabeth E. Devore, Cody A. Ramin, Frank E. Speizer, Walter C. Willett, Eva S. Schernhammer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a mismatch between chronotype (i.e., preferred sleep timing) and work schedule is associated with type 2 diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Nurses’ Health Study 2, we followed 64,615 women from 2005 to 2011. Newly developed type 2 diabetes was the outcome measure (n = 1,452). A question on diurnal preference ascertained chronotype in 2009; rotating night shift work exposure was assessed regularly since 1989. RESULTS Compared with intermediate chronotypes, early chronotypes had a slightly decreased diabetes risk after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.98]), whereas no significant association was observed for late chronotypes (1.04 [0.89–1.21]). Among early chronotypes, risk of type 2 diabetes was modestly reduced when working daytime schedules (0.81 [0.63–1.04]) and remained similarly reduced in women working &amp;lt;10 years of rotating night shifts (0.84 [0.72–0.98]). After ≥10 years of shift work exposure, early chronotypes had a nonsignificant elevated diabetes risk (1.15 [0.81–1.63], Ptrend = 0.014). By contrast, among late chronotypes, the significantly increased diabetes risk observed among day workers (1.51 [1.13–2.02]) appeared largely attenuated if their work schedules included night shifts (&amp;lt;10 years: 0.93 [0.76–1.13]; ≥10 years: 0.87 [0.56–1.34]; Ptrend = 0.14). The interaction between chronotype and shift work exposure was significant (Pinteraction = 0.0004). Analyses restricting to incident cases revealed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS In early chronotypes, type 2 diabetes risk increased with increasing duration of shift work exposure, whereas late types had the highest diabetes risk working daytime schedules. These data add to the growing body of evidence that workers could benefit from shift schedules minimizing interference with chronotype-dependent sleep timing.
Antisense therapy targeting apolipoprotein(a): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Nicholas J Viney, Steven G Hughes, Walter Singleton, Mark J Graham, Brenda F Baker, Jennifer L Burkey, Qingqing Yang, Santica M Marcovina, Richard S Geary, Rosanne M Crooke, Joseph L Witztum
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Compensatory lung growth effects on pulmonary mechanics of emphysematous rats after bilobectomy
Authors: Francine Maria Almeida, Beatriz M. Saraiva-Romanholo, Rodolfo de Paula Vieira, Henrique Takachi Moriya, Ana Paula Ligeiro-de-Oliveira, Fernanda D.T.Q.S. Lopes, Thais Mauad, Milton Arruda Martins, Rogerio Pazetti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is one of the most performed surgical treatments for patients with moderate and/or advanced pulmonary emphysema waiting for lung transplantation. We investigated the effects of compensatory lung growth (CLG) on pulmonary mechanics after bilobectomy (LBX) in rats with emphysema induced by elastase. Ninety-five Wistar rats were divided into four groups: saline+sham LBX (SS); saline+LBX (SX); elastase+sham LBX (ES); and elastase+LBX (EX). Forty-two days after instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (5UI/100g) or saline solution, animals underwent sham surgery or right bilobectomy (middle and cardiac lobes). Animals were killed at two, four or sixteen weeks after LBX. Pulmonary mechanics and inflammatory cell counts were performed in broncoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in lung tissue. Pulmonary resistance was increased in ES at 16 weeks (p=0.002). Pulmonary elastance was increased in EX compared to ES after four and 16 weeks (p
Adult asthma patients reporting exacerbations triggered by upper airway infection have increased total IgE and sensitization to HDM
Authors: Asger Bjerregård, Asger Sverrild, Vibeke Backer, Celeste Porsbjerg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Asthmatics have a blunted innate immune response to viral airway infections, measured by reduced interferon production, which has been associated with high levels of IgE  in vitro , but the clinical significance of this, in a large representative group of adult asthmatics, has not been established.  We hypothesized that atopy and high IgE would confer an increased risk of asthma exacerbations in relation to upper airway infections.   Methods   All patients referred consecutively over a 12-months period for specialist assessment of asthma at Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen had total IgE and a skin prick test to 10 aeroallergens measured, and answered the AAAI questionnaire regarding symptoms, including symptoms in relation to colds.   Results   Among 185 assessed 155 had asthma (57,4% females, mean age 31.1 years) of whom, 56% (n=86) answered yes to the question:  Do you experience colds that 9go to the chest9, or take more than 10 days to get over? . These patients had significantly higher IgE than patients who did not report this (Total IgE 309 vs. 128 IU/ml in the two groups respectively (p=0,008). The proportion of patients having at least one positive skin prick tests was not significantly different, but the percentage of subjects with sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) was significantly higher for both  derm. pteronyssinus  and  farinae  (40% vs. 22%, p=0.027 & 35% vs. 17%, p=0.018).   Conclusion   High IgE and HDM sensitization are characteristics of asthmatics who report having exacerbations in relation to upper respiratory tract infections, indicating that IgE plays a role in the susceptibility to virus induced exacerbations in adult asthmatics.