tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic Data
Authors: Kristan J. Aronson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 February 1994Reviews and Notes: Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic DataKristan J. AronsonKristan J. AronsonUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Statistical Analysis of Epidemiologic DataSteve Selvin. 375 pages. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991. $39.95.At the ninth tee the other day, I was asked by a physician, “What test do I use to prove that procedure B's complication rate is statistically significantly lower than procedure A's?” It is common for physicians to be asked to give a prognosis for someone's relative after a third-hand description, and I am sure this was also occurring on the golf course. Once epidemiologists or biostatisticians have been pegged as such, we, like physicians, are asked for quick solutions to complicated problems. For ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 349KeywordsEpidemiological methods and statisticsEpidemiological statisticsEpidemiologyGamesPharmacoepidemiologyRegression analysisResearch and reporting methodsStatistical dataStatistical modelsSurvival analysis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Specialists face "straitjacket" in the Netherlands
Authors: T Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A powerful committee of elder statesmen in the Netherlands has recommended scrapping the freelance status of medical specialists and bringing them under the control of hospital management. Specialists would lose the fee for service system whereby they act largely as free agents within the hospital and charge individual patients. The scheme was criticised when costs rose 22% in three years while there was only a 5.2% increase in the number of patients. Instead, specialists would be paid a basic wage related to their workload and …
Prevention of Seizures After Cranial Trauma
Authors: E. Rodin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has been shown that prevention of seizures after head injuries can be accomplished by prophylactic anticonvulsant treatment.<sup>1</sup>It is also common practice by some neurosurgeons to administer anticonvulsant drugs to patients after surgery for brain tumors, aneurysms, or other major intracranial pathological conditions. While this is a useful practice, the results are frequently vitiated by premature decrease or total withdrawal of the anticonvulsant agent. Under these circumstances one is likely to encounter withdrawal seizures, thereby producing what one had intended to avoid. Several such patients were seen by this author during the past year, and this is probably a relatively common occurrence around the country. It is known that 80% of all patients who experience posttraumatic seizures will do so within the first two years after the insult.<sup>2,3</sup>After five years, the yearly incidence rate does not exceed that of the general population.<sup>4</sup>
Relationship of Changes in Physical Activity and Mortality Among Older Women
Authors: Edward W. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Physical activity has been related to reduced mortality, but it is not clear whether changes in physical activity affect mortality among older women.To examine the relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women.Prospective cohort study conducted at 4 US research centers (Baltimore, Md; Portland, Ore; Minneapolis, Minn; and Monongahela Valley, Pa) among 9518 community-dwelling white women aged 65 years or older who were assessed at baseline (1986-1988), 7553 of whom were reassessed at a follow-up visit (1992-1994; median, 5.7 years later).Walking and other physical activities at baseline and follow-up; vital status, with cause of death confirmed by death certificates/discharge summaries, tracked for up to 12.5 years after baseline (up to 6.7 years after the follow-up visit).Compared with continually sedentary women, those who increased physical activity levels between baseline and follow-up had lower mortality from all causes (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.69), cardiovascular disease (HRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), and cancer (HRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84), independent of age, smoking, body mass index, comorbid conditions, and baseline physical activity level. Associations between changes in physical activity and reduced mortality were similar in women with and without chronic diseases but tended to be weaker among women aged at least 75 years and among those with poor health status. Women who were physically active at both visits also had lower all-cause mortality (HRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82) and cardiovascular mortality (HRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88) than sedentary women.Increasing and maintaining physical activity levels could lengthen life for older women but appears to provide less benefit for women aged at least 75 years and those with poor health status.
Rofecoxib, but not celecoxib or naproxen, increases mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure in treated hypertensive patients with osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: James R. Sowers, William B. White, Bertram Pitt, Andrew Whelton, Lee Simon, Heim van Ingen, John Fort
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
GASTRIC HYPERESTHESIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT.
Authors: CHARLES G. STOCKTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The term gastric hyperesthesia has been applied to painful or distressing sensations arising in the functionating stomach, not so intense as gastralgia, but of enough severity to cause more or less discomfort to the patient. If we analyze the causes of these distressing sensations, it will be found that they depend upon various pathologic conditions. Unquestionably the term "hyperesthesia" is often improperly used. The truest use of the term is when it is applied to sensory states analogous to cutaneous hyperesthesia, so often seen in the neurotic. There is a comparatively large class of cases to which I have gradually come to apply this term. It is important that this class of cases should be distinctly understood, as the conspicuous sensory symptoms so much attract the attention of patients and physicians that there is often established a course of treatment for indigestion that really does not exist. The patients of
CILOSTAZOL IMPROVES HIGH GLUCOSE-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYSFUNCTION AND ENHANCES ANGIOGENESIS IN HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE THROUGH ACTIVATION OF AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAY
Authors: Ting-Hsing Chao, Shi-Ya Tseng, Yi-Heng Li, Pin-Yen Liu, Guey-Yueh Shi, Hua-Lin Wu, Jyh-Hong Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS OF PROTEIN FILMS AND DENATURED PROTEINS
Authors: A. Rothen, K. Landsteiner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Films of several proteins, hen ovalbumin, horse and human serum albumins, and globulins were found to combine specifically with antibodies, showing that the reactions can take place independently of the structure which secures the compact shape of the protein molecule. Serum globulin films differed from ovalbumin in that they lost their reactivity when kept on the water surface. Species specific reactions were observed with films of serum albumin and suitably diluted antisera, and likewise in the customary precipitin tests in which immune sera for denatured hen ovalbumin were tested against ovalbumin of other species. Specific fixation was also observed upon exposing monolayers of purified antibodies for pneumococci of Types I and III to the corresponding polysaccharides.
The Clinical Behavior of Localized and Multicentric Castleman Disease
Authors: Juan Herrada, Fernando Cabanillas, Lawrence Rice, John Manning, William Pugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Castleman disease, an unusual condition of unknown cause consisting of a massive proliferation of lymphoid tissue, remains a clinicopathologic diagnosis. Three histologic variants (hyaline vascular, plasma-cell, and mixed) and two clinical types (localized and multicentric) of Castleman disease have been described. Objective: To analyze the clinical features, management, and outcome of patients with Castleman disease. Design: Case series. Setting: University referral hospitals. Patients: All patients with Castleman disease who were seen at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, between 1977 and 1995. Interventions: Surgical excision for localized disease; surgery, combination chemotherapy, or prednisone for multicentric disease. Measurements: Patients were identified according to initial presentation as having localized or multicentric Castleman disease. Patients within each group were further subdivided according to whether they had hyaline vascular, plasma-cell, or mixed disease. Results: Data from 15 patients were analyzed. All 7 patients with localized disease underwent surgical excision and remain free of disease. The 8 patients with multicentric disease were further subdivided according to initial treatment: Three patients who received combination chemotherapy are currently alive and free of disease; 2 patients treated with prednisone are alive but have needed intermittent maintenance therapy for disease reactivations; and 2 patients treated with surgery only have died, 1 of infectious complications and 1 of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions: Localized and multicentric Castleman disease are different clinical disorders with overlapping histologic features. Localized disease can be cured with surgery, but complete remissions in patients with multicentric disease have been achieved only with chemotherapy or prednisone given at the time of diagnosis.
Serum ionized magnesium levels and ionized calcium‐to‐magnesium ratios in adult patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Shahriar Zehtabchi, Richard Sinert, Stephan Rinnert, Betty Chang, Christian Heinis, Rachel A. Altura, Bella T. Altura, Burton M. Altura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Low levels of total magnesium in sickle cell erythrocytes have been linked to increased sickling due to cell dehydration. We tested the null hypothesis that adult sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients have the same serum level of ionized Mg (Mg(2+)) and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratio as healthy African Americans (AA) and healthy Caucasians (CAUC). We measured serum Mg(2+) and ionized calcium (Ca(2+)) with ion-selective electrodes and calculated the serum Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratios in patients with SCA and control groups (AA and CAUC). Seventy-four SCA patients and 61 controls were compared. SCA patients had significantly (P < 0.001) lower levels of serum Mg(2+) (0.52 +/- 0.05) compared to healthy AA (0.57 +/- 0.04) and CAUC (0.62 +/- 0.03). Eighty-six percent of the adult SCA patients had serum Mg(2+) levels below the mean for the AA group, and 96% of SCA patients were above the AA group's mean serum Ca(2+)/Mg(2+). Of the SCA patients studied, 25.6% (95% CI, 16.2-37.2%) had serum Mg(2+) levels below the racially adjusted lower limit of normal and 50% (95% CI, 38.1-61.9%) were above the upper limit of serum Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) for AA controls. By measuring serum Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), we were able to define a subset of SCA patients with hypomagnesemia and elevated Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratios, who may benefit from magnesium supplementation.
Circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors in patients with different patterns of rheumatoid synovitis
Authors: P A Klimiuk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To examine the relation between the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R), and the histological pattern of rheumatoid synovitis.An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure TNFalpha, p55 sTNF-R, and p75 sTNF-R concentrations in the serum of 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 34 patients with osteoarthritis (OA).Upon histological analysis two variants of rheumatoid synovitis emerged. Twenty six RA specimens presented only diffuse infiltrates of mononuclear cells. In the remaining 17 samples the formation of lymphocytic follicles with germinal centre-like structures was found. Serum concentrations of TNFalpha, p55 and p75 sTNF-R were raised in patients with RA compared with the OA control group (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Levels of TNFalpha, p55 and p75 sTNF-R were higher in the serum of patients with RA with follicular synovitis than in patients with diffuse synovitis (p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively). Serum concentrations of TNFalpha, p55 and p75 sTNF-R correlated with markers of disease activity.Different histological types of rheumatoid synovitis associated with distinct serum levels of TNFalpha and sTNF-R reflect varying clinical activity of the disease and support the concept of RA heterogeneity.
All about us, but never about us: The three-pronged potency of prejudice
Authors: S. Alexander Haslam, Katherine J. Reynolds
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Three points that are implicit in Dixon et al.'s paradigm-challenging paper serve to make prejudice potent. First, prejudice reflects understandings of social identity – the relationship of “us” to “them” – that are shared within particular groups. Second, these understandings are actively promoted by leaders who represent and advance in-group identity. Third, prejudice is identified in out-groups, not in-groups.
Reversing the Code Status of Advance Directives?
Authors: Muriel R. Gillick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Twenty years ago, Congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act, hoping to improve end-of-life care through the use of advance directives. The statute stimulated the development of a cornucopia of planning documents. Patients can sign a living will that states that they do not want their lives prolonged if they are terminally ill. They can complete an instructional directive that specifies, for each of several clinical scenarios, which listed medical interventions they would want. They can fill out a values history, describing what they care most about, or they can designate a surrogate decision maker to speak on their behalf if . . .
Vitamin C for Heat Symptoms?
Authors: G. A. PODA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 October 1979Vitamin C for Heat Symptoms?G. A. PODA, M.D.G. A. PODA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-657_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the paper "Heat Intolerance in Former Heatstroke Patients'" in the June issue (1).In 1951, a salesman with an Indiana-Illinois district sustained "heat stroke." Thereafter if the temperature rose to more than 29.5 °C he got "sick," very weak, and shocklike. He thus missed most of his summer saleswork, since air conditioned cars were not common then. On a hunch, from an old army tale from World War II, I had him take 100 mg of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) three times daily during the summer months. Even though temperatures stayed at 32...Reference1. SHAPIRO Y, MAGAZANIK A, UDASSIN R, BEN-BARUCH G, SHVARTZ E, and SHOENFELD Y. Heat intolerance in former heatstroke patients. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:913-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. A. PODA, M.D.Affiliations: E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Aiken, SC 29801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntioxidants and physical performance 1 October 1979Volume 91, Issue 4Page: 657-657KeywordsStrokeTemperatureVitamin C ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Recurrent Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: D B GRANATO, Z SALIMI, E A GEORGE, L SALINAS-MADRIGAL, P J GARVIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

This case report presents clinical, scintigraphic, duplex sonographic, and biopsy findings in a 23-year-old female renal allograft (RAG) recipient, who had transplantation for chronic renal failure secondary to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). She demonstrated acute and rapidly progressing RAG failure at 7 weeks after transplantation.
Penicillamine: Twenty-Five Years Later
Authors: JOHN C. CRAWHALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 August 1980Penicillamine: Twenty-Five Years LaterJOHN C. CRAWHALL, M.D., PH.D.JOHN C. CRAWHALL, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-367 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt has been 25 years since the first patient was given penicillamine for the treatment of Wilson's disease. The International Symposium on Penicillamine, recently held in Miami, reviewed the present scope of its therapeutic uses. Penicillamine remains the preferred treatment for Wilson's disease, with only one other drug, triethylethylene tetramine dihydrochloride, as a second line of treatment. Less information is available on penicillamine as a chelating agent for other metals, but in limited applications it seems to have some value in the treatment of lead poisoning and mercury poisoning.In 1962, Crawhall and colleagues (1) introduced use of penicillamine for...References1. CRAWHALL J, SCOWEN E, and WATTS R. Effect of penicillamine on cystinuria. Br Med J. 1963;1:588-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JAFFE I. Comparison of the effect of plasmapheresis and penicillamine on the level of circulating rheumatoid factor. Ann Rheum Dis. 1963;22:71-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Controlled trail of D(-)penicillamine in severe rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1973;1:275-80. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. LIPSKY P and ZIFF M. Inhibition of human helper T cell function in vitro by D-penicillamine and CuSO4. J Clin Invest. 1980;65:1069-76. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN C. CRAWHALL, M.D., PH.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine McGill University Royal Victoria Hospital Montreal, Quebec Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment of Parkinsonian Features in Neurological Disorders Other than Parkinson’s DiseaseWilson's disease: assessment of D-penicillamine treatment.Pulmonary Aspects of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 367-368KeywordsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Saline-Assisted Endoscopic Resection of Rectal Carcinoids: Cap Aspiration Method Versus Simple Snare Resection
Authors: T. Nagai, R. Torishima, H. Nakashima, H. Ookawara, A. Uchida, S. Kai, R. Sato, K. Murakami, T. Fujioka
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Complete resection of small carcinoid tumors of the rectum is difficult during endoscopic polypectomy, because these tumors are often located in the submucosal layer of the rectal wall. To completely remove these tumors, we have used aspiration lumpectomy. In this study, we evaluated its clinical usefulness in comparison with strip biopsy. Patients and Methods: We performed strip biopsy (December 1996 through March 2000) or aspiration lumpectomy (April 2000 through February 2003) in a consecutive series of patients with rectal carcinoid tumor. Eight carcinoid tumors in eight patients were resected by strip biopsy, and eight tumors in eight patients were resected by aspiration lumpectomy. Results: The rate of complete removal of carcinoid tumors with aspiration lumpectomy (100 %) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that with strip biopsy (37.5 %). Conclusions: Endoscopic resection with aspiration lumpectomy is a useful and safe method for resection of small carcinoid tumors of the rectum.
Life and disease; new perspectives in biology and medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Facts and experiments are only the bare bones of science, which must be covered with a flesh of theoretical concepts. Many scientific disciplines have a somewhat forbidding exterior, so that their charms are not always immediately apparent. Indeed, a special exposition may be needed to indicate how fascinating, rich, and attractive many of these disciplines actually are. The quarterly journal,<i>Perspectives in Biology and Medicine</i>, is devoted to ideas and concepts which cast new light on the biological sciences and indicate their real vitality. From this journal the editor, Dr. Dwight J. Ingle, has selected 23 contributions which broadly discuss some of the important aspects of modern biology. The studies fall into seven major groups, dealing with evolution, metabolism, the circulatory system, the nervous system, cancer, and finally some specialized topics that are well aggregated as "The Temple of Life." Of the 26 authors, no less than 6 are Nobel
Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Michael E. Pichichero
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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