tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The independent contribution of bone and erythrocyte lead to urinary lead among middle-aged and elderly men: the normative aging study.
Authors: S W Tsaih, J Schwartz, M L Lee, C Amarasiriwardena, A Aro, D Sparrow, H Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Plasma is the component of blood from which lead is free to cross cell membranes and cause organ toxicity. Plasma lead levels, however, are extremely low and difficult to measure. Urinary lead originates from plasma lead that has been filtered at the glomerular level; thus, urinary lead adjusted for glomerular filtration rate serves as a proxy for plasma lead levels. In this investigation we examined the interrelationships of lead levels in whole blood corrected by hematocrit [i.e., erythrocyte lead (EPb)], trabecular bone (TBoPb), cortical bone (CBoPb), and urine excreted over 24 hr (UPb); all samples were obtained from 71 middle-aged and elderly men with no known occupational lead exposures. Lead was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (blood), K-X-ray fluorescence (bone), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (urine). Lead levels were generally low, with mean EPb, TBoPb, and CBoPb values of 13.8, 31.1, and 21.7 microg/g, respectively, and a median UPb value of 6.15 microg/day. In generalized additive models adjusted for body weight and creatinine clearance rate, both EPb and bone lead variables remained independently and significantly associated with UPb. This finding suggests that bone influences plasma lead in a manner that is independent of the influence of erythrocytic lead on plasma lead. Thus, the superiority of bone lead over blood lead in predicting some chronic forms of toxicity may be mediated through bone's influence on plasma lead. In addition, this study suggests that measurement of urinary lead might be useful as a proxy for plasma lead levels in studies of lead toxicity.
The Icatibant Outcome Survey: Characterizing Breakthrough Hereditary Angioedema Attacks In Patients Receiving Long-Term Prophylaxis
Authors: Werner Aberer, Marcus Maurer, Laurence Bouillet, Amandine Perrin, Andrea Zanichelli, Teresa Caballero, Hilary Longhurst
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Marihuana in an Adolescent Psychiatricfd Outpatient Population
Authors: Arthur Kornhaber
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter describes the author's experiences with marihuana smoking in a 13- to 18-year-old outpatient psychiatric population, during intensive treatment of 50 patients in an 18-month period. These youngsters were referred for evaluation and treatment by physicians, agencies, schools, and other patients. Presenting problems ranged from acute lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced psychotic reactions to behavior disorders and depressive reactions. All professed to a minimum usage of marihuana at least twice daily, and four days a week for one year. Many used other "drugs" in an indiscriminate manner. Most of the patients at the beginning of treatment felt that marihuana was harmless and scorned its identification as a toxic substance. After working with the above group, I now believe that marihuana excercises a toxic effect upon the developing nervous system and that it facilitates a regression from logical-mathematical thought processes to a more primitive conceptual mode (fantasy and
Brazil launches plans to boost medical workforce
Authors: T. Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Brazil hopes to have 600 000 doctors by 2026 working in its Unified Health System (SUS), up from 374 000, by increasing its training capacity and fostering national and overseas recruitment of doctors to work in areas with shortages of doctors.

The federal government’s newly launched “Mais Medicos” (“More Doctors”) programme also proposes increasing the number of hospitals and other health units.

Alexandre Padilha, Brazil’s health minister, said, “Brazil lacks doctors: there are 1.8 doctors per 1000 inhabitants, a figure that is lower than several Latin American countries and countries whose public …
DIFFUSION OF GASES OUT OF THE DISTAL NEPHRON-SEGMENT IN MAN. I. NH3*
Authors: Kenneth A. Woeber, Edward L. Reid, Iris Kiem, A. Gorman Hills
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Physiologic variation in rate of urine flow in mammals is ascribed principally to reabsorption from distal tubules and collecting ducts of a varying quantity of nearly solute-free water (1-4).Water reabsorption is brought about by bulk flow or diffusion (5-8) incited by the difference in osmotic pressure between the luminal contents and the hypertonic fluid of the adjacent renal medul- lary interstitium, a process promoted by the ac- tion of endogenous vasopressin upon the permeability of the intervening membranes (7, 9).Elaboration of urine much less than maximally dilute increases the osmolality of luminal fluid as it progresses down the most distal portion of the nephron; the result must be to raise the diffusion pressure of all substances dissolved in luminal fluid.Two highly diffusible substances, the gases NH3 and CO2, are present in solution in luminal fluid together with their hydrated forms NH4OH and H2CO3, in turn in equilibrium, so as to constitute two buffer systems, with the ionized species NH4+ and HCO3-, respectively.If, as a result of the reabsorption of solute-free water, these gases are reabsorbed by diffusion, the existence and magnitude of the process should be reflected in alterations in the acid-base composition of voided urine no less than by changes in the rate of excretion of total ammonia and total carbon
Mutant frizzled-4 disrupts retinal angiogenesis in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Johane Robitaille, Marcia L.E. MacDonald, Ajamete Kaykas, Laird C. Sheldahl, Jutta Zeisler, Marie-Pierre Dubé, Lin-Hua Zhang, Roshni R. Singaraja, Duane L. Guernsey, Binyou Zheng, Lee F. Siebert, Ann Hoskin-Mott, Michael T. Trese, Simon N. Pimstone, Barkur S. Shastry, Randall T. Moon, Michael R. Hayden, Y. Paul Goldberg, Mark E. Samuels
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
NKX3.1 Activates Cellular Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Cai Bowen, Edward P. Gelmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The prostate-specific tumor suppressor homeodomain protein NKX3.1 is inactivated by a variety of mechanisms in the earliest phases of prostate carcinogenesis and in premalignant regions of the prostate gland. The mechanisms by which NKX3.1 exercises tumor suppression have not been well elucidated. Here, we show that NKX3.1 affects DNA damage response and cell survival after DNA damage. NKX3.1 expression in PC-3 prostate cancer cells enhances colony formation after DNA damage but has minimal effect on apoptosis. NKX3.1 also diminishes and regulates total cellular accumulation of gammaH2AX. Endogenous NKX3.1 in LNCaP cells localizes to sites of DNA damage where it affects the recruitment of phosphorylated ATM and the phosphorylation of H2AX. Knockdown of NKX3.1 in LNCaP cells attenuates the acute responses of both ATM and H2AX phosphorylation to DNA damage and their subnuclear localization to DNA damage sites. NKX3.1 expression enhances activation of ATM as assayed by autophosphorylation at serine 1981 and activation of ATR as assayed by phosphorylation of CHK1. An inherited mutation of NKX3.1 that predisposes to early prostate cancer and attenuates in vitro DNA binding was devoid of the ability to activate ATM and to colocalize with gammaH2AX at foci of DNA damage. These data show a novel mechanism by which a homeoprotein can affect DNA damage repair and act as a tumor suppressor.
A CASE OF HEART-BLOCK, WITH FIBROUS DEGENERATION AND PARTIAL OBLITERATION OF THE BUNDLE OF HIS
Authors: B. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1909)

HEART BLOCK.L BDIAJON 99 affections such as angina pectoris, and even in such cases nitroglycerine, morphine, and atropine are better and 3more easily regulated remedies.Alcohol is a protoplasrio.poison, and under no circumstances can it &trengt4en the cardiac muscle.It lowers the arterial ,nd raises.the venous pressure, and increases the diastolic tonsion within the heart.In this way it acts as a cardiac tstimula'nt, but as it has a paralysing effect on the cardiac muscle there is a loss 'of 'tone with tendency to dilatation -of the heart; hence the large, flabby, fatty hearts of beer 4drinkers, and the great retention of fluid in their vessels and tissues.Tobacco is a nervine sedative and cardiao -depressant.Cases of heart disease do better without it.. CONCLUSION.This address has already assumed such lengthy propor- 1tions.thatI must defer the treatment of that large class of -cases of chronic degenerative lesions of the vessels, heart,.and its valves until some future occasion.I have told you that a modern authority says that "cardio-sclerosis is progressive, and we cannot stay it," so I presume the .otherbranch of my subject can afford to wait.On the other hand, I am inclined to think that if you follow in bhe lines which I have already laid down, you may not merely stay.the progress of these degenerative lesions, but, what is infinitely more important, you may often prevent their -ocgucrence.
Recent Advances in Surgery
Authors: George L. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1960)

All aspects of surgery and the surgical specialities are not reviewed exhaustively by the 28 contributors to this new edition, but selected subjects considered to be of current interest have been chosen for discussion. These may be grouped as cardiac and vascular surgery, pulmonary surgery, problem of crossinfection, transplantation of tissues and organs, lymphatic system, body fluids, artificial kidney, selected urologic topics, hydrocephalus, parotid gland, and surgery of the gastrointestinal tract including discussions of argentaffinoma, portal hypertension, cancer of the breast and the endocrine glands. Each author has succinctly presented the current concepts of his subject, giving enough detail and sufficient bibliographic references so that the reader may fully understand the problems under consideration. In some fields an extensive experience has been gained so rapidly that it is now possible to present concrete opinions on subjects which were considered experimental surgery when the fourth edition was published. This is particularly
McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy
Authors: A. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Originally conceived by R McMinn, emeritus professor of anatomy at the University of London, the Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy was revolutionary from the outset. Seeking to take advantage of recent technical advances in colour photography, McMinn utilised the photographic expertise of Ralph Hutchings, who at that time was working as a photographic technician and the chief medical laboratory officer at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Together they produced the first colour photographic atlas of human anatomy, using dissected human cadaveric specimens obtained mainly from the extensive collection held in the college’s anatomy museum. The atlas was first published …
776 PATIENT EDUCATION IMPROVES ADHERENCE TO PEGINTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IN CHRONIC GENOTYPE 2 OR 3 HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION IN THE REAL-LIFE
Authors: P. Cacoub, P. Melin, D. Ouzan, L. Cattan, M. Chousterman, M. Varastet, M. Rotily, T. Fontanges, J.P. Lang, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Efficiency of In Vivo Gene Transfection Into Transplanted Rat Heart by Coronary Infusion of HVJ Liposome
Authors: Yoshiki Sawa, Ken Suzuki, Hong-Zhi Bai, Ryota Shirakura, Ryuichi Morishita, Yasufumi Kaneda, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Current methods of in vivo gene transfer into myocardium are limited by low efficiency. To improve in vivo gene transfer, a gene transfer method using hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) as a viral vector can be an alternative.In vivo gene transfection of FITC-labeled oligonucleotide (F-ODN) and cDNA of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was examined with use of the HVJ liposome (H group) or without it (C group). In the H group, F-ODN or cDNA of beta-gal were complexed with liposomes, DNA binding nuclear protein (HMG1), and the viral protein coat of HVJ. After the harvest of donor rat hearts arrested by cardioplegia, the coronary artery was infused with the liposome gene complex. The hearts were transplanted into the abdomens of recipient rats and harvested 3 days after transplantation. Regarding F-ODN, the H group clearly showed FITC staining in the nuclei of the myocytes and endothelial cells in almost all layers of the myocardium as compared with the C group. Regarding the expression of beta-gal, the H group showed a clear expression of beta-gal on myocytes, whereas very low expression of beta-gal was seen in the C group.The donor hearts were transfected with F-ODN and beta-gal gene in almost all layers of the myocardium as a result of coronary infusion of the HVJ liposome during cardioplegic arrest. Our method is seen as a novel in vivo gene transfer technique for the heart and may provide a new tool for both research and therapy of heart transplantation.
LOWER TOTAL ARTERIAL ELASTANCE AUGMENTS REGURGITANT VOLUME IN AORTIC REGURGITATION
Authors: Kiyomi Niki, Motoaki Sugawara, Itaru Takamisawa, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Saichi Hosoda, Shuichiro Takanashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The skier's tale
Authors: K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Someone once pointed out that an excessive fear of death substantially impairs the quality of your life. The same could be said for the quality of your skiing. If, like me, you are an extremely poor skier then, at the top of that icy red run, you see only fear. The scintillating light of sun on alpine peaks is invisible, shrouded in the miasma of concern for your immediate future. Thoughts that should be soaring from this perspective …
Analysis of the association between chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis: a community based study.
Authors: R Sanmarti, E Kanterewicz, M Pladevall, D Panella, J B Tarradellas, J M Gomez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To analyse the association between chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hands and knees in an unselected elderly rural population.A community based cross sectional study was performed in individuals randomly selected from a previous epidemiological survey on the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in people older than 60 years from Osona county, Catalonia, northeastern Spain. Radiological OA (grade 2 or more of Kellgren's classification) was evaluated in 26 individuals with chondrocalcinosis and in 104 controls. A total of 18 articular areas of both knees (medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments) and hands (first, second and third metacarpophalangeal (MCP), first carpometacarpal, trapezium-scaphoid, radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints) were studied.Radiological changes of OA in the knees were more common in subjects with chondrocalcinosis than in those without it, with an odds ratio adjusted for age and gender (aOR) of 4.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 11.8, p = 0.005). OA was also more frequent in almost all areas of the hands in individuals with chondrocalcinosis, though the difference reached statistical significance only in the MCP joints (aOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.8; p = 0.033). However, taking into account the side and the different joint compartments analysed, the association between chondrocalcinosis and OA was significant only in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment and the left MCP joints.In an elderly population unselected for their rheumatic complaints, there was a real association between OA and chondrocalcinosis. This association was particularly relevant in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment of the knee and in the first three left MCP joints.
Two-stage tuberculin skin testing in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
Authors: C T Webster, F M Gordin, J P Matts, J A Korvick, C Miller, K Muth, L S Brown, C L Besch, J O Kumi, C Salveson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In this study we estimated occurrence of the booster effect in a population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assessed the relation between the booster effect, T-lymphocyte CD4 cell counts, tuberculosis risk categories, and HIV exposure categories. Patients were recruited from 13 participating sites of the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS (CPCRA). A two-stage tuberculin skin test was applied to 709 HIV-infected patients using the Mantoux method. An induration reading < 5 mm on the first test and > or = 5 on the second skin test defined the booster effect. Overall, 18 patients, or 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.2) experienced the booster effect. Boosted responses were seen in eight (2.1%) anergic patients, six (4.5%) nonanergic patients, and four (2.5%) with anergy status unknown. Boosting was noted in 1 of the 131 women enrolled. Age, race, CD4 cell count, injection drug use, anergy status, tuberculosis risk categories, and HIV exposure categories were not predictive of boosting. The booster effect occurs in a small percentage of HIV-infected patients tested, thus identifying small numbers of patients with latent tuberculosis infection. The two-stage procedure is probably of limited value in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons.
Acquired Afibrinogenaemia Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: V. H. Barnett, C. A. Cussen
Journal: BMJ (1954)

use of the various muscle relaxants, and the severity of many surgical procedures, an automatic breathing device can be of the greatest value during periods of respiratory depression.It allows the anaesthetist both greater mobility and the freedom of his hands to attend to the general care and welfare of his patient.I wish to thank
Phenotypical Manifestations of Mutations in the Genes Encoding Subunits of the Cardiac Voltage–Dependent L-Type Calcium Channel
Authors: Carlo Napolitano, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

The L-type cardiac calcium channel (LTCC) plays a prominent role in the electric and mechanical function of the heart. Mutations in the LTCC have been associated with a number of inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndromes, including Timothy, Brugada, and early repolarization syndromes. Elucidation of the genetic defects associated with these syndromes has led to a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic approaches to dealing with the arrhythmic manifestations. This review provides an overview of the molecular structure and function of the LTCC, the genetic defects in these channels known to contribute to inherited disorders, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Book Review Clinical Examination By Owen Epstein, G. David Perkin, David P. de Bono, and John Cookson, with a contribution by Neil Solomons. Approximately 500 pp., illustrated. New York, Gower Medical, 1992. $49.95. (Distributed in the U.S. by Raven Press, New York.) 0-397-44723-X
Authors: Ronald C. Silvestri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Non-invasive monitoring of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic ischemic stroke models
Authors: Ying-Ying Bai, Lishan Wang, Xin-Gui Peng, Yuan-Cheng Wang, Di Chang, Shuyan Zheng, Jie Ding, Cong Li, Shenghong Ju
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
HLA and Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Robert S. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The HLA system is in the scientific spotlight. Ever since the exciting discovery that approximately 90% of patients with primary ankylosing spondylitis possess the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27, compared with 7% of the general population, the search for the genetic basis of disease has shifted into full gear. There does seem to be a clear connection between certain HLA-A, B, D and DR antigens and a wide variety of diseases, although no association has proved so clear-cut as that of B27 with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome. Therefore, while HLA typing has little clinical use for the majority of diseases, it is a fascinating research tool that may gain us a foothold in understanding our genetic soil. <i>HLA and Disease: A Comprehensive Review</i>, written by Dr William E. Braun, director of the Histocompatibility Laboratory and the Renal Transplantation Service at the Cleveland Clinic, is a useful guide to this complicated system.
Multistage Regulation of Th1-Type Immune Responses by the Transcription Factor IRF-1
Authors: Shinsuke Taki, Takeo Sato, Kouetsu Ogasawara, Taeko Fukuda, Mitsuharu Sato, Shigeaki Hida, Gen Suzuki, Masao Mitsuyama, Eun-Hee Shin, Soumei Kojima, Tadatsugu Taniguchi, Yoshihiro Asano
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Prognostic Value and Echocardiographic Determinants of Plasma Myeloperoxidase Levels in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: W.H. Wilson Tang, Wilson Tong, Richard W. Troughton, Maureen G. Martin, Kevin Shrestha, Allen Borowski, Sue Jasper, Stanley L. Hazen, Allan L. Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
A genome-wide association study identifies two new susceptibility loci for lung adenocarcinoma in the Japanese population
Authors: Kouya Shiraishi, Hideo Kunitoh, Yataro Daigo, Atsushi Takahashi, Koichi Goto, Hiromi Sakamoto, Sumiko Ohnami, Yoko Shimada, Kyota Ashikawa, Akira Saito, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Koji Tsuta, Naoyuki Kamatani, Teruhiko Yoshida, Yusuke Nakamura, Jun Yokota, Michiaki Kubo, Takashi Kohno
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Fenoldopam — A Selective Peripheral Dopamine-Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: Michael B. Murphy, Clare Murray, George D. Shorten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Fenoldopam is a peripherally acting dopamine-receptor agonist that has vasodilator and diuretic actions. Given intravenously, it is an effective treatment for patients with severe hypertension, including those with hypertensive encephalopathy and perioperative hypertension. This review summarizes the pharmacologic characteristics of fenoldopam and its efficacy as a treatment for patients with severe hypertension.
Dominantly inherited hyperinsulinism caused by a mutation in the sulfonylurea receptor type 1
Authors: Hanna Huopio, Frank Reimann, Rebecca Ashfield, Jorma Komulainen, Hanna-Liisa Lenko, Jaques Rahier, Ilkka Vauhkonen, Juha Kere, Markku Laakso, Frances Ashcroft, Timo Otonkoski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

ATP-sensitive potassium channels play a major role in linking metabolic signals to the exocytosis of insulin in the pancreatic β cell. These channels consist of two types of protein subunit: the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 and the inward rectifying potassium channel Kir6.2. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins are the most common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Since 1973, we have followed up 38 pediatric CHI patients in Finland. We reported previously that a loss-of-function mutation in SUR1 (V187D) is responsible for CHI of the most severe cases. We have now identified a missense mutation, E1506K, within the second nucleotide binding fold of SUR1, found heterozygous in seven related patients with CHI and in their mothers. All patients have a mild form of CHI that usually can be managed by long-term diazoxide treatment. This clinical finding is in agreement with the results of heterologous coexpression studies of recombinant Kir6.2 and SUR1 carrying the E1506K mutation. Mutant KATP channels were insensitive to metabolic inhibition, but a partial response to diazoxide was retained. Five of the six mothers, two of whom suffered from hypoglycemia in infancy, have developed gestational or permanent diabetes. Linkage and haplotype analysis supported a dominant pattern of inheritance in a large pedigree. In conclusion, we describe the first dominantly inherited SUR1 mutation that causes CHI in early life and predisposes to later insulin deficiency.