tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P340: Prevalence of Cognitive Dysfunction Among Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Andreea Rawlings, A. Richey Sharrett, David Knopman, Christina Parrinello, Priya Palta, Lisa Wruck, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Rebecca Gottesman, Marilyn Albert, Josef Coresh, Thomas Mosley, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Among older adults with diabetes, cognitive dysfunction is of particular concern as it has implications for treatment adherence and diabetes self-management. The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction has not been well characterized in this population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5509 participants (1815 with diabetes) from visit 5 (2011-2013) of the ARIC Study. Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Cognitive function was measured using 8 neuropsychological tests, which were grouped into three cognitive domains representing memory, executive function, and language. Participants were categorized as having cognitive dysfunction if test scores were more than 1.5 standard deviations below age-, race-, and education-adjusted scores derived from a cognitively healthy population. We calculated crude prevalence estimates and used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs), comparing cognitive dysfunction in persons with and without diabetes. We adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: The mean age of participants was 75 years, 59% were female, 79% were white, and 33% had diabetes. In each domain, the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among persons with diabetes ranged from 14% to 27%. Persons with diabetes were more likely than persons without diabetes to have dysfunction in multiple domains (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.49). Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was significantly higher in persons with versus without diabetes for memory (PR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25), language (PR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.45), and executive function (PR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.22)(Figure). PRs were similar in crude models. Conclusions: The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among older adults with diabetes is high. These results have implications for how physicians educate patients in appropriate self-management practices and for the prevention of diabetes-related complications.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Kristian B. Filion, Sunil K. Agarwal, Christie M. Ballantyne, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Rachel R. Huxley, Laura R. Loehr, Vijay Nambi, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Alvaro Alonso
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Structural changes in the heart, such as increased left atrial size and decreased ejection fraction, are known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). An association between cardia...
A Colour Atlas of Respiratory Infections
Journal: Thorax (1993)

We do not accept Dr Miller's contention that the lesions described in her series and ours ought to be considered as bronchiolo- alveolar cell adenomas.The lesions are generally characterised by nuclear pleomor- phism and a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio- features not normally associated with a benign neoplasm.We feel strongly that these features are much more consistent with premalignant dysplastic lesions seen at other sites-including the bronchus-hence our preference for "atypical hyperplasia."
Non-uniform cellular packing of the stratum corneum and permeability barrier function of intact skin: a high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy study using highly deformable vesicles (Transfersomes)
Authors: None SchÄtzlein, None Cevc
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Novel, functional skin staining with fluorescent, ultradeformable lipid vesicles (Transfersomes™, IDEA, Munich, Germany) was developed and combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. This revealed the structural and barrier characteristics of intact skin to a resolution of ≥ 0.2 μm, that is, to the limit of light microscopy. Different routes of penetration into the stratum corneum were visualized and new details in the skin anatomy and barrier were unveiled. Most prominent was the lateral inhomogeneity of the stratum corneum, where three to 10 neighbouring corneocyte ‘columns’ were found to form a cluster. Corneocyte edges inside each cluster intercalated extensively, but adjacent clusters were separated by ‘gorges’ a few micrometres deep; lipid packing was also less regular and tight in the intercluster region. Two quantitatively different hydrophilic pathways were found in the horny layer: an intercluster route with low penetration resistance comprising ≤ 1% of the total or ≤ 20% of the pathway area in the skin, and an intercorneocyte pathway that resists penetration better and is more abundant (≥ 3% of the skin or ≥ 80% of the pathway area). This latter route is strongly tortuous, as it goes between all the corneocytes in a cluster. It traces the irregularities between the intercellular lipid lamellae and/or the adjacent corneocyte envelopes which may act as virtual channels in the skin. It was inferred that such channels coincide with the route of water evaporation through the skin and exhibit the permeability barrier maximum in the stratum corneum conjunctum.
Drug companies help pay for Bush inauguration
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The glitz of President George W Bush's inauguration ceremony owed a considerable debt to the US pharmaceutical industry, which paid $1.7m (£1.1m) towards the estimated $17m bill for the occasion.

Its generosity at the crowning moment of President Bush's journey to the White House mirrored the substantial support that it gave to the Texan governor during his election campaign. Over three quarters of the industry's contributions went to Republicans.

Last November, the non-profit watchdog group Public Citizen predicted that the prescription drug industry would spend about $230m during the election. The …
Kinetics of the Graft-Versus-Leukemia Response After Donor Leukocyte Infusions for Relapsed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Herrad Baurmann, Stefan Nagel, Thomas Binder, Andreas Neubauer, Wolfgang Siegert, Dieter Huhn
Journal: Blood (1998)
Synchrony Unbound
Authors: Michael N. Shadlen, J.Anthony Movshon
Journal: Neuron (1999)

In the early stages of visual processing, objects and scenes are represented by neurons with small visual receptive fields. Each neuron provides information about local features of a scene, but to describe a scene in terms of objects requires that these features be combined. Objects can cover wide areas of visual space and be partially occluded by other objects, so the problem of binding the separate representations of parts into coherent wholes is not a simple one. This "binding problem" has received considerable attention. Gestalt psychologists articulated a number of principles for grouping and organizing scene elements (Kö hler 1930; Koffka 1935; Kanisza 1979), and more recently the related problem of image segmentation has received a good deal of attention in computer vision (see, for example, Pal and Pal 1993, for a review). The binding problem is really best considered as a series of related problems, all of which require the combination of information from multiple sources. Information must be integrated across the visual field and combined according to specific attributes. Some of those attributes are pictorial features like line orientation, texture, color, simultaneity of appearance, and common motion, but others require more complex information about such things as 3D shape, lighting, and object surface properties (Gregory 1970; Marr 1982; Shimojo et al. 1989; Adelson 1993; Ullman 1996; Adelson 1999; Kersten 1999).
Clinical profile of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy identified de novo in rural communities11Each of the authors contributed significantly to the submitted work including: 1) conception and design of the project and/or interpretation of data; 2) drafting and/or revising the manuscript, and 3) final approval of the submitted manuscript.
Authors: Barry J Maron, Robert Mathenge, Susan A Casey, Liviu C Poliac, Terrence F Longe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Abstract 10178: Online Basic Life Support Courses Gain Efficiencies While Maintaining Quality Training Outcomes for Registered Professional Nurses in a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Tara Serwetnyk, Kristi Filmore, Stephanie VonBacho, Charlene M Smith
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: BLS certification, a requirement for nursing staff, can be achieved through various training methods. There are currently no published data comparing the AHA’s BLS for the Healthcare ...
Beta-blockers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Philip Short, Douglas Elder, Peter Williamson, Samuel Lipworth, Stuart Schembri, Brian Lipworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Beta-blockers are avoided in COPD patients.   Objectives:  We examined the use of beta-blockers and their relationship with established stepwise pharmacological managements for COPD assessing their effects on mortality, exacerbations and pulmonary function.   Methods:  Retrospective cohort study using a disease specific database of COPD patients (TARDIS) linked to NHS databases providing information on hospital admissions, drug prescriptions and death. Adjusted Hazard ratios were calculated through Cox Proportional Hazard Regression after correction for covariates, including history of overt cardiovascular disease.   Results:  5,977 patients, mean follow up 4.35 years, mean age 69.1 years, 88% of beta-blockers were cardio selective. There was a 22% overall reduction in all-cause mortality with beta-blocker use. Furthermore there were additive benefits of beta-blockers on all-cause mortality at all COPD treatment steps. Compared to controls the adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) for all-cause mortality was 0.28 (95%CI, 0.21 to 0.39) for inhaled corticosteroid + long acting beta-agonist + long acting anti-muscarinic + beta-blocker verses 0.43 (95%CI, 0.38 to 0.48) without beta-blocker. There were similar trends showing additive benefits of beta-blockers in reducing oral steroid use and respiratory hospital admissions. Beta-blockers had no deleterious impact on FEV 1  or FVC at all treatment steps when given with a LABA or LAMA.   Conclusions:  Our study suggests beta-blockers may reduce mortality and exacerbations when added to established inhaled stepwise therapy for COPD, independently of overt cardiovascular disease and cardiac medications, and without adverse effects on pulmonary function.
High-Dose Statins in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: William L Isley
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a tool for skeletal muscle metabolic research
Authors: P Jakobsson, L Jorfeldt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> DNA methylation has evolved to silence mutagenic transposable elements (TEs) while typically avoiding the targeting of endogenous genes. Mechanisms that prevent DNA methyltransferases from ectopically methylating genes are expected to be of prime importance during periods of dynamic cell cycle activities including plant embryogenesis. However, virtually nothing is known regarding how DNA methyltransferase activities are precisely regulated during embryogenesis to prevent the induction of potentially deleterious and mitotically stable genic epimutations. Here, we report that microRNA-mediated repression of CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 (CMT3) and the chromatin features that CMT3 prefers help prevent ectopic methylation of thousands of genes during embryogenesis that can persist for weeks afterwards. Moreover, CMT3-induced ectopic methylation of genes undergoing transcriptional activation can reduce their corresponding transcript levels. Therefore, the repression of CMT3 prevents epigenetic collateral damage on endogenous genes. We also provide a model that may help reconcile conflicting viewpoints regarding the functions of gene-body methylation that occurs in nearly all flowering plants.
Abstract 17741: Atrial Fibrillation and Incident End-Stage Renal Disease: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Wesley T O’Neal, Rikki Tanner, Jimmy T Efird, Usman Baber, Alvaro Alonso, Virginia Howard, George Howard, Paul Muntner, Elsayed Z Soliman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Recently, it has been shown that atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between AF and incident ESRD has not been examined in the general population. Methods: A total of 25,315 study participants (mean age 65 ± 9.0 years; 54% women; 40% blacks) from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study were included in this analysis. AF was identified in study participants at baseline (2003- 2007) by the study electrocardiogram and self-reported history of a physician diagnosis. Incident cases of ESRD were identified through linkage of REGARDS participants with the United States Renal Data System. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association between ESRD and AF. Results: A total of 2,190 (8.7%) participants had AF at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 295 (1.2%) participants developed ESRD. In multivariable adjusted models, AF was associated with an increased risk of incident ESRD (Table 1). However, the association between AF and ESRD became non-significant after adjustment for baseline markers of CKD. Similar results were obtained when albumin-to-creatinine ratio was included in the model as a continuous variable (log-transformed). An interaction between AF and CKD was not detected. Conclusion: AF is associated with an increased risk of ESRD in the general population. However, this association potentially is explained by underlying CKD.
Pathogenesis of Amyloidosis
Authors: Alan S. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorial Notes1 February 1969Pathogenesis of AmyloidosisALAN S. COHEN, M.D.ALAN S. COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-2-418 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe earliest experimental models for the study of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis were animals inoculated with a variety of bacteria. The literature*was reviewed in 1916 by Bailey (1) who remarked on the diversity of agents and the variability in the results. He then injected rabbits repeatedly with beef-extract broth cultures of colon bacillus and induced amyloid without suppuration in a number of animals. Subsequently, both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms as well as the tubercle bacillus have been associated with amyloid in experimental animals and in patients (2). Bacterial toxins (including diphtheria, streptococcus, and pneumococcus toxins) and dozens of substances...References1. BAILEY CH: The production of amyloid disease and chronic nephritis in rabbits by repeated intravenous injections of living colon bacilli. J. Exp. Med. 23: 773, 1916. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. COHEN AS: Constitution and genesis of amyloid, in International Review of Experimental Pathology, vol. IV, edited by RICHTER, G. W., EPSTEIN, M. A., Academic Press, Inc., Publishers, New York, 1965, pp. 159-243. Google Scholar3. SORENSONHEEFNERKIRKPATRICK GDWAJB: Experimental amyloidosis, in Methods and Achievements in Experimental Pathology, vol. I, edited by BAJUSZ, E., JASMIN, G., S. Karger, New York, 1966, pp. 514-543. Google Scholar4. BARTHGORDONWILLERSON WFJKJT: Amyloidosis induced in mice by Escherichia coli endotoxin. Science 162: 694, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MANDEMARUINENSCHOLTENCOHN ELJHAS (editors): Proceedings of the Symposium on Amyloidosis, Excerpta Medica, Holland, 1968. Google Scholar6. CATHCARTWOLLHEIMCOHEN ESFAS: Plasma protein constituents of amyloid fibrils. J. Immunol. 99: 376, 1967. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. SELLINHAFERKAMP DO: Bence-Jones Protein und Amyloid. Zeitschr. fur die gesamte experimentelle. Medizin 147: 173, 1968. Google Scholar8. COHEN AS: Amyloidosis. New Eng. J. Med. 277: 522, 574, 628, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Detailed references are provided in the reviews listed in references 2, 3, 5, and 8, and, with several exceptions, specific studies will not be listed here. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS INDUCED BY IMMUNE COMPLEX OR HEAT DENATURED DNA 1 February 1969Volume 70, Issue 2Page: 418-419KeywordsAmyloidosisBacillusBacteriaColonDiphtheriaPathogenesisPneumococcusRabbitsStreptococcusToxins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3635: Inhibition of Inhibitor Kappa B Kinase Beta Augments Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production in Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sumathy Mohan, Ryzard Konopinski, Mohan Natarajan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

A decline in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) that causes endothelial dysfunction is a hall-mark of diabetes. The availability of NO to the vasculature is regulated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and the involvement of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp-90) in the regulation of eNOS activity has been demonstrated. Hsp-90 has been shown to interact with upstream kinases (inhibitor kappa B kinases α, β and γ) in non-vascular cells. In this study, we have investigated the interaction of Hsp-90-IKKβ in endothelial cells under conditions of high glucose (HG) as a possible mechanism that diminishes Hsp-90-eNOS interaction, which could contribute to reduced bioavailability of NO. We report for the first time that IKKβ interacts with Hsp-90 and this interaction is augmented by HG in vascular endothelial cells. HG also augments transcriptional (4.02 ± 0.81-folds) and translational (1.97 ± 0.17-fold) expression as well as the catalytic activity of IKKβ (2.04 ± 0.06-folds). Another important and novel finding is that both IKKβ and eNOS could be co-immunoprecipitated with Hsp-90 (Figures A &amp; B ) thus indicating the possible existence of a complex of IKKβ and eNOS interacting with single pool of Hsp-90. Inhibition of Hsp-90 with geldanamycin (2μM) or Radicicol (20μM) mitigated (0.45 ± 0.04 -fold and 0.93 ± 0.16-fold, respectively) HG induced-IKKβ activity (2.5 ± 0.416-fold). Blocking of IKKβ expression by IKK inhibitor II (15μM wedelolactone) or siRNA improved Hsp-90-eNOS interaction and NO production under conditions of HG. These results illuminate a possible mechanism for the declining eNOS activity reported under conditions of HG.
Abstract 4508: Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated with Coronary Lesion Complexity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Yasushi Matsuzawa, Seigo Sugiyama, Hitoshi Sumida, Koichi Sugamura, Toshimitsu Nozaki, Keisuke Ohba, Shinichi Hirota, Masaaki Konishi, Junichi Matsubara, Sunao Kojima, Yasuhiro Nagayoshi, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Endothelial dysfunction is an important step in the atherosclerosis progression, and associates with future cardiovascular events. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) is a noninvasive, automatic, and objective tool to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. Angiographic complex coronary lesions are involved in plaque vulnerability. We investigated whether finger values of RH-PAT could correlate with angiographic coronary plaque complexity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). RH-PAT was measured using Endo-PAT2000 in 171 patients who were referred to Kumamoto University Hospital for cardiac catheterization. We defined the two group as below, Control group; coronary artery stenosis &gt; 25% (n = 36, age 63 ± 11, male 25 %), and CAD group; coronary artery stenosis &gt; 25 % (n = 135, age 68 ± 11, male 74 %). Coronary lesions (single-vessel; n = 29, multi-vessel disease; n = 106) were classified as of simple appearance (n = 43) or complex appearance (n = 92) by coronary angiography. Values of RH-PAT were significantly lower in patients with CAD than Control (1.65 [1.50 – 1.86] versus 1.92 [1.80 – 2.28], P &lt; 0.01), and were significantly lower in CAD patients with complex coronary appearance than patients with simple coronary appearance (1.55 [1.45 – 1.76] versus 1.81 [1.66 – 1.95], P &lt; 0.01). All patients underwent selective coronary angiography, and the extent of coronary stenosis was assessed using the scoring system. RH-PAT was significantly correlated with coronary plaque Extent Score (Rs = −0.33, P &lt; 0.01). Single logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and RH-PAT value significantly associated with the presence of complex coronary lesions, and multivariable analysis including cardiovascular risk factors identified that lower RH-PAT value was the only factor associated with the complex coronary lesions (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.14 – 1.84; P &lt; 0.01). Endothelial dysfunction was significantly associated with angiographic complex appearance of coronary plaques in patients with CAD. CAD patients with lower RH-PAT values might be vulnerable patients with vulnerable plaques and vulnerable endothelium.
Is Hypospadias Associated with Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors? A French Collaborative Controlled Study of a Cohort of 300 Consecutive Children Without Genetic Defect
Authors: Nicolas Kalfa, Françoise Paris, Pascal Philibert, Mattea Orsini, Sylvie Broussous, Nadège Fauconnet-Servant, Françoise Audran, Laura Gaspari, Hélène Lehors, Myriam Haddad, Jean-Michel Guys, Rachel Reynaud, Pierre Alessandrini, Thierry Merrot, Kathy Wagner, Jean-Yves Kurzenne, Florence Bastiani, Jean Bréaud, Jean-Stéphane Valla, Gérard Morisson Lacombe, Eric Dobremez, Amel Zahhaf, Jean-Pierre Daures, Charles Sultan
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Systematic Reviews: Meta-analysis and its problems
Authors: H J Eysenck
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Including all relevant material-good, bad, and indifferent-in meta-analysis admits the subjective judgments that meta-analysis was designed to avoid.Several problems arise in meta-analysis: regressions are often non-linear; effects are often multivariate rather than univariate; coverage can be restricted; bad studies may be included; the data summarised may not be homogeneous; grouping different causal factors may lead to meaningless estimates of effects;