tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of Breast Diseases : Symptoms Assessment and Guidelines for Referral
Authors: J M Dixon, R E Mansel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Bathsheba bathing" by Rembrandt.The model was Rembrandt's mistress, and much discussion has surrounded the shadowing in her left breast and whether this represents an underlying malignancy.A breast lump, which may be painful, and breast pain constitute over 80% of the breast problems that require hospital referral, and breast problems constitute up to a quarter of the general surgical workload. Guidelines for referral to hospitalConditions that require hospital referral * All patients with a discrete mass (aspiration of masses by general practitioners is not encouraged because bruising can follow aspiration of a solid mass, making subsequent assessment difficult) * Nipple discharge in patients aged over 50, and bloodstained, persistent, or troublesome nipple discharge in younger patients * Mastalgia that interferes with patient's lifestyle or sleep and which has failed to respond to reassurance, simple measures such as wearing a well supporting bra, and common drugs * Nipple retraction or distortion, change in skin contour, or nipple eczema * Request for assessment by a patient with a strong family history of breast cancer * Asymmetrical nodularity that persists at review after menstruation Patients who can be managed, at least initially, by their general practitioner * Young patients with tender, lumpy breasts and older patients with symmetrical nodularity, provided that they have no localised abnormality * Patients with minor and moderate degrees of breast pain who do not have a discrete palpable lesion * Patients aged under 50 who have nipple discharge that is from more than one duct or is intermittent and is neither bloodstained nor troublesome
Laboratory method to study mutational effects on human erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization
Authors: S. Ranganathan, N. Menhart, N. Topouzian, L.W.‐M. Fung
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We have developed a laboratory method combining a random mutagenesis method and a yeast two‐hybrid system to study effects of mutation on human erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization. A PCR‐based procedure was used to generate random mutations in DNA fragments of the first 55 residues of α‐spectrin. Each of the DNA fragments from random mutagenesis was fused with a DNA fragment of native spectrin consisting of residues 56 to 368 to give a DNA fragment of the first 368 residues in α‐spectrin. The α‐spectrin DNA fragment and a DNA fragment containing the last 449 residues in β‐spectrin were introduced into the yeast two‐hybrid system for rapid screening of α‐ and β‐spectrin interaction. Yeast colonies with interacting α‐ and β‐peptides were blue, and those with non‐interacting α‐ and β‐peptides were white. Six single amino acid mutations (R27G, Y35N, F38S, L49H, Y53N, and Y53C) and a double amino acid mutation (K16M, I24N) were identified from 8 white colonies, but no mutations were found in the DNA fragments of 14 blue colonies. Thus this simple laboratory method allows us to study effects of mutation on interactions of α‐ and β‐spectrin at the tetramerization site. Am. J. Hematol. 67:247–251, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A SPAK Isoform Switch Modulates Renal Salt Transport and Blood Pressure
Authors: James A. McCormick, Kerim Mutig, Joshua H. Nelson, Turgay Saritas, Ewout J. Hoorn, Chao-Ling Yang, Shaunessy Rogers, Joshua Curry, Eric Delpire, Sebastian Bachmann, David H. Ellison
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
CLINICAL SYNDROMES THAT INCLUDE ACHLORHYDRIA
Authors: JAMES S. McLESTER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In the South is frequently seen a symptom complex that is exhibited with striking uniformity by an apparently heterogeneous group of diseases. This complex includes an anemia of variable degree, sore tongue, gastro-intestinal disturbances, cord changes perhaps, and achlorhydria. Any one or any combination of these may dominate the whole and give color to the clinical picture, but achlorhydria is the one salient feature. It signalizes the group.  If the anemia is characterized by an oligocythemia with a predominance of deeply staining macrocytes which show a tendency toward ovality in outline and there is bilirubinemia, it is called pernicious anemia. If there is a symmetrical dermatitis of the exposed parts, or even a marked roughening of these skin areas, it is called pellagra. If there is no dermatitis and the gastro-intestinal disturbances take the form of a persistent painless diarrhea with copious, foul smelling stools, and if the tongue has
Inhibitory effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) on neurokinin a-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Nunzio Crimi, Corrado Pagano, Filippo Palermo, Claudio Mastruzzo, Gaetano Prosperini, Maria P. Pistorio, Carlo Vancheri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Validity of Glycemic Index Estimates in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Authors: Alan W. Barclay, Jennie C. Brand-Miller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

and treatment rates could produce substantial health benefits.While these data are by no means representative of rural India as a whole, they do provide a reasonably precise and reliable estimate of diabetes and its treatment in the study area.Since much of rural India is likely to develop to a similar or greater extent as the Godavari region of Andhra Pradesh (2), the data provide an early indication of the likely huge burden of diabetes that will occur in rural India in the coming few decades.The generation of new evidence about detection and management strategies suited to resource poor setting is an urgent public health priority for India.
CD‐sens: a biological measure of immunological changes stimulated by ASIT
Authors: A. Nopp, L. O. Cardell, S. G. O. Johansson, H. Öman
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in allergic rhinitis and asthma is the only treatment that effects the long-term development of these diseases. Basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, which is a valuable complement to resource-demanding clinical challenge tests, was used to monitor the initiation of ASIT induced allergen 'blocking activity'.Patients IgE-sensitized to timothy (n = 14) or birch (n = 19) pollen were started on conventional (8-16 weeks) or ultra rush ASIT, respectively, and followed by measurements of CD-sens, allergen binding activity (ABA) and serum IgG4- and IgE-antibody concentrations.CD-sens decreased during the early phase of ASIT-treatment. In parallel, ABA increased and correlated significantly with the increasing levels of IgG4 antibody concentrations. High dosages of allergen were more effective while mode of dosing up did not seem to matter. No change was seen in basophil reactivity.CD-sens and ABA, in contrast to basophil reactivity, seem to be promising tools to monitor protective immune responses initiated by ASIT.
Effects of valproate on Tax and HBZ expression in HTLV-1 and HAM/TSP T lymphocytes
Authors: Gildas Belrose, Antoine Gross, Stéphane Olindo, Agnès Lézin, Maryvonne Dueymes, Isabelle Komla-Soukha, Didier Smadja, Yuetsu Tanaka, Luc Willems, Jean-Michel Mesnard, Jean-Marie Peloponese, Raymond Césaire
Journal: Blood (2011)
Breast Cancer Getting Attention in Congress
Authors: Con Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Breast Cancer Getting Attention in Congress Get access Con Vanchieri Con Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 11–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.11 Published: 03 January 1990
The Isolation and Treatment of Wounds
Authors: G. W. Callender
Journal: BMJ (1873)

APART from the theories with which it has been supported, the great objection, practically, to the antiseptic treatment consists in the com- plicated nature of the precautions with which it is hampered.I pro- pose in this paper to describe a plan for the treatment of wounds which is perfectly simple, which has the advantage of having no particular novelty to recommend it, and which has given results quite as satisfactory as, if not more so than, any which have been claimed by the advocates of so-called antiseptic surgerv.This table will suffice to prove that the treatment has been followed by the good results which I claim for it.All the patients, whose cases are here tabulated, were treated in the wards of St. Bartholomew's Hos- pital; and the table includes all who have been under my care, for the causes specified, since I have held office as surgeon, except in the table of amputations, wlhich contains, in addition to my own, ten cases, con- secutive with the remainder, which were under the care of Sir James Paget.Totals.Died.Recovered.
Establishment of the first World Health Organization International Genetic Reference Panel for quantitation of BCR-ABL mRNA
Authors: Helen E. White, Paul Matejtschuk, Peter Rigsby, Jean Gabert, Feng Lin, Y. Lynn Wang, Susan Branford, Martin C. Müller, Nathalie Beaufils, Emmanuel Beillard, Dolors Colomer, Dana Dvorakova, Hans Ehrencrona, Hyun-Gyung Goh, Hakim El Housni, Dan Jones, Veli Kairisto, Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Dong-Wook Kim, Stephen Langabeer, Edmond S. K. Ma, Richard D. Press, Giuliana Romeo, Lihui Wang, Katerina Zoi, Timothy Hughes, Giuseppe Saglio, Andreas Hochhaus, John M. Goldman, Paul Metcalfe, Nicholas C. P. Cross
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Case of the Frozen Addicts
Authors: Joseph Fermaglich
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>The Case of the Frozen Addicts</i>is the account of an enthusiastic young doctor who parlays the wanton, antisocial, and criminal behavior of his patients into worldwide recognition as a neuroscientist. As the narrative unfolds, Dr J. William Langston encounters several substance abusers who have been rendered immobile and speechless following use of designer drugs. His clinical observations persuade him that they are suffering from a pernicious form of Parkinson's disease. Confirmation comes when they respond to treatment with levodopa, but only with the heavy burden of side effects that limit therapy, returning them to their devastated frozen states. Through ingenious sleuthing, Langston identifies the culpable compound as MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). He hypothesizes that MPTP may destroy cells in the substantia nigra, impairing the production of dopamine. His theory is proven when he replicates MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkeys and reverses it with levodopa. Since his patients cannot use levodopa because of
The Effects of Combining Education and Enforcement to Reduce Tobacco Sales to Minors
Authors: Ellen Feighery
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To examine the effects of a community education and law enforcement intervention on illegal tobacco sales to minors.A 2-year, before and after trial with retail stores as the unit of analysis.Implementation occurred in four suburban California communities with populations of 25,000 to 100,000.All the retail stores in one intervention community and half the retail stores, randomly selected, in the other three intervention communities (n = 169) were visited by minors aged 14 to 16 years with the intent to purchase tobacco.Ongoing community and merchant education and four law enforcement operations were conducted.Over-the-counter and vending machine sales of tobacco to minors were the primary outcomes.Among a cohort of stores visited by minors at the pretest (n = 104) in June 1988, 71% sold tobacco over the counter and 92% sold tobacco through vending machines. At posttest 2 in May 1990, 24% sold tobacco over the counter and 93% sold tobacco through vending machines. Of the 31 stores issued citations, 16 were followed into the courts where the fines were dismissed or reduced.Education alone had a limited effect on reducing illegal tobacco sales to minors. It did promote community support for more aggressive enforcement strategies. Education plus enforcement decreased significantly over-the-counter sales; vending machine sales were unaffected by these interventions. The lack of support at the judicial level may temper the effectiveness of enforcement. Legislative remedies addressing judicial obstacles and vending machine sales are needed.
Primary Torsion of the Greater Omentum
Authors: Michael J. Sweeney
Journal: JAMA (1983)

PRIMARY torsion of the greater omentum is a rare cause of abdominal pain in children. Its clinical presentation mimics that of acute appendicitis. Diagnosis is rarely considered before laparotomy. Despite recognition of this syndrome since first described by Eitel<sup>1</sup>in 1899, no distinguishing features have been identified to separate this condition from other causes of acute abdominal pain. Proper diagnosis depends on recognition of the lesion at laparotomy. A case of primary torsion of the greater omentum occurred in an 11-year-old child. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old boy was seen in the emergency department with a 36-hour history of abdominal pain. Symptoms began as periumbilical discomfort, gradually increasing and localizing as right lower quadrant abdominal pain. He had vomited twice and was anorexic. There were no other complaints; there was no history of abdominal surgery or trauma; and the review of systems as well as his medical history
Olanzapine Versus Haloperidol Treatment in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Todd M. Sanger, Jeffery A. Lieberman, Mauricio Tohen, Starr Grundy, Charles Beasley, Jr., Gary D. Tollefson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that the morbidity and mortality associated with schizophrenia can be prevented by providing effective treatment during the first episode of psychosis. Hence, the authors examined patients with first-episode psychosis to determine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine and haloperidol treatment. METHOD: A subpopulation of first-episode patients (N=83) from a large prospective, multicenter, international, double-blind, 6-week acute treatment study was evaluated. These patients were selected from a pool of 1,996 patients who had a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophreniform disorder and who also met the following criteria: 1) the length of their current psychotic episode had to be 5 or fewer years, and 2) patients had to be 45 years of age or younger at onset of first psychotic symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to haloperidol, olanzapine showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total and negative scores and in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total and positive scores. Clinical response (defined as 40% or greater improvement in BPRS total score from baseline) was also statistically significantly higher in olanzapine-treated patients (67.2%) than in haloperidol-treated patients (29.2%). Olanzapine-treated patients further showed statistically significant improvements in the Simpson-Angus scale and Barnes Akathisia Scale scores, while haloperidol-treated patients showed a worsening on both measures. Compared to olanzapine-treated multiple-episode patients in the parent study, olanzapine-treated first-episode patients achieved an even statistically significantly higher response. Haloperidol-treated first-episode patients experienced statistically significantly more extrapyramidal symptoms than haloperidol-treated multiple-episode patients. CONCLUSIONS: In patients experiencing first-episode psychosis, olanzapine had a risk-benefit profile significantly superior to that of haloperidol. The study results suggest that novel antipsychotic agents such as olanzapine should be considered as a preferred option in first-episode psychosis, on the basis of both safety and efficacy advantages.
SUBACUTE NODULAR MIGRATORY PANNICULITIS.
Authors: X. VILANOVA, J. PINOL AGUADE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article SUBACUTE NODULAR MIGRATORY PANNICULITIS. Get access X. VILANOVA, M.D., X. VILANOVA, M.D. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. PIÑOL AGUADÉ, M.D. J. PIÑOL AGUADÉ, M.D. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 2, 1 February 1959, Pages 45–50, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13384.x Published: 01 February 1959
TCTAP A-013 Nine-Month Outcomes Following Primary PCI with Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Implantation in Patients with ST-Segment Myocardial Infarction: Results from the Multicentre “Registro ABSORB Italiano” (RAI Registry)
Authors: Alfonso Ielasi, Bernardo Cortese Cortese, Attilio Varricchio, Maurizio Tespili, Giuseppe Steffenino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Is Atrial Fibrillation Sometimes a Genetic Disease?
Authors: Maurits A. Allessie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In their article in this issue of the Journal, Brugada and coworkers1 describe three families, all from the same region in northern Spain, in which 21 of 49 family members had atrial fibrillation. Two died of cerebrovascular accidents at 36 and 68 years of age. Of the 19 living family members, 18 had chronic atrial fibrillation, whereas 1 had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In none of these patients could a specific cause of atrial fibrillation, such as hypertension, valvular disease, or hyperthyroidism, be found. The age at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 46 years in the three families. Comparison of pooled . . .
926-24 Clinical and Electrophysiological Characteristics in Patients with Exercise Induced Idiopathic Multiform Ventricular Tachycardia. Differential Effects of Atrial Pacing and Isoproterenol Infusion on QTc Interval and Induction of Ventricular Arrhythmia
Authors: Shogo Suzuki, Tohru Ohe, Takashi Kurita, Wataru Shimizu, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Katsuro Shimomura, Yoshio Arakaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Tetanus Despite Preexisting Antitetanus Antibody
Authors: Stephen A. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SINCE 1955, most cases of tetanus in New York City have occurred in heroin addicts.<sup>1</sup>Possible reasons for this include a relatively large population of addicts lacking detectable circulating antitoxin and the deep subcutaneous injection of irritating, possibly contaminated substances. With one exception in 1942,<sup>2</sup>there has been no instance of multiple tetanus cases from a common environmental source such as the drug or injection apparatus. Recently, a brother and sister were admitted to Metropolitan Hospital with tetanus following use of heroin from a single source. The disease was severe and protracted in one patient but mild in the second patient, who had preexisting serum antitoxin. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 29-year-old male heroin addict had trismus and painful cervical spasms over a 24-hour period. Physical examination showed a temperature of 37.3 °C, blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, and pulse rate of 112 beats per minute.
Tobacco Use Outcomes Among Patients With Lung Cancer Treated for Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Lisa Sanderson Cox, Christi A. Patten, Jon O. Ebbert, Amanda A. Drews, Gary A. Croghan, Matthew M. Clark, Troy D. Wolter, Paul A. Decker, Richard D. Hurt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: There is a current lack of consensus about the effectiveness of nicotine dependence treatment for cancer patients. This retrospective study examined the 6-month tobacco abstinence rate among lung cancer patients treated clinically for nicotine dependence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A date-of-treatment matched case control design was used to compare lung cancer patients (201 lung cancer patients, 41% female) and nonlung cancer patients (201 controls, 45% female) treated in the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence Center between 1988 and 2000. The intervention involves a brief consultation with a nicotine dependence counselor. A treatment plan individualized to the patient’s needs is then developed. The primary end point was the self-reported, 7-day point prevalence abstinence from tobacco at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, compared with the controls, the lung cancer patients were significantly older (P &lt; .001), reported higher motivation to stop smoking (P = .003), and were at a higher stage of change (P = .002). The 6-month tobacco abstinence rate was 22% for the lung cancer patients compared with 14% of the control patients (P = .024). After adjusting for age, sex, baseline cigarettes smoked per day, and stage of change, no significant difference was detected between lung cancer patients and controls on the tobacco abstinence rate. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nicotine dependence treatment is effective for patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer. The majority of lung cancer patients were motivated to stop smoking.
Doctors should examine detainees before interrogation
Authors: R. Manche
Journal: BMJ (1993)

inheritance and characteristically manifests itself in the form of dissecting aortic aneurysm and aortic and arterial dilatation at a young age.3There are no obvious associated physical features, and the basic defect underlying this condition is unknown.As with the Marfan syndrome, surgical intervention has the potential to prolong life expectancy.I suggest that, in the light of two deaths from aortic dissection in separate generations of one family, the diagnoses of Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis and the Marfan syndrome should be considered in first degree relatives.
Intranasal Antibody Gene Transfer in Mice and Ferrets Elicits Broad Protection Against Pandemic Influenza
Authors: Maria P. Limberis, Virginie S. Adam, Gary Wong, Jason Gren, Darwyn Kobasa, Ted M. Ross, Gary P. Kobinger, Anna Tretiakova, James M. Wilson
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Intranasal delivery of a broadly neutralizing antibody to influenza by an AAV9 vector affords complete protection.
Hypercalciuria Relative to Total Solutes in Nephrolithiasis
Authors: L. C. Issacson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Urines obtained from normal controls, from patients with calcium-containing renal stones, and from acutely ill patients suffering from various other renal or electrolyte disorders were analysed for Na, K, NH(4), Ca, Mg, inorganic phosphate and sulphate, pH, and osmolality.The stone-formers' urines were found to be characterized by hypercalciuria relative to Na, K, Mg, SO(4), osmolality, and ionic strength. Hypercalciuria relative to osmolality was a more consistent finding than hypercalciuria relative to Na.These findings are in keeping with the supposition that calcium-containing renal stones occur in urine saturated with calcium salts.