tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary function in children with inflammatory bowel disease do not differ from healthy population
Authors: Joanna Peradzynska, Katarzyna Krenke, Joanna Lange, Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz, Izabela Lazowska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multisystem disorders. Besides inflammatory process in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract there is an evidence of an existence of extraintestinal inflammation. This include pulmonary involvement. There are no exact data showing the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-correlated lung manifestation in children. The aim of the study was to investigate pulmonary involvement in children with IBD.

Material and methods: Fifty patients with IBD (25 with CU and 25 with CD, mean age 14,19±3,2) and 39 healthy control subjects (mean age 13,97±3,47) were included in the study. All patients from study and control group underwent standard spirometry, whole body pletysmography, assessment of diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO).

Results: There were no significant differences between study and control groups Lung volumes remain within normal limits. DLCO was abnormal in 9 (18%) and 6 (15.3%) children from study and control group, respectively. We found one patient (2%) with decreased vital capacity (restriction not confirmed by whole body pletysmography) and two (4%) with obstructive changes in IBD group. In two patients from control group (5.1%) airway obstruction was diagnosed. Small airways tests were abnormal in 13 (26%) subjects from study group and in 13 (33%) control patients.

Conclusion: Pulmonary function in children with inflammatory bowel disease do not differ from healthy population.
Abstract 3588: Reactivation of dormant estrogen-dependent breast cancer micrometastases by bone marrow stromal injury in an <i>in vitro</i> model of dormancy
Authors: Samir Tivari, Haiyan Lu, Tanya Dasgupta, Robert Wieder
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Estrogen-dependent (ER+) breast cancer can remain dormant in the bone marrow for more than a decade and continues to recur in a stochastic pattern at continuous, low rates. Mechanisms of dormancy in the bone marrow are mostly uncharacterized but data suggest that dormancy depends on close interactions of micrometastases with stromal elements and on effects by structural and soluble proteins. We have developed an extensive and well characterized in vitro model incorporating relevant elements of the bone marrow niche. We have demonstrated that FGF-2, abundantly deposited on bone marrow stroma, induces a partial re-differentiation of ER+ human breast cancer cell lines, manifested in part by cell cycle arrest in G1 and re-expression of integrins lost with dedifferentiation. Ligation of integrin α5β1 by incubation of cells on fibronectin completes the model. It specifically induces a dormant epithelial phenotype with RhoA inactivation through the Rho Gap GRAF, cortical actin rearrangement, omnidirectional focal complex activation and adhesion and activation of survival signaling. The signaling is dually initiated through FGF-2 receptors and fibronectin ligation, which activate PI3K/Akt, Erk and p38. The model is recapitulated on both human and murine bone stromal monolayer coincubations of human ER+ breast cancer cell lines, with the FGF-2 and fibronectin provided by the stroma. Mechanisms of breast cancer recurrence are also not understood, but data in other systems suggest that inflammatory cytokines can stimulate proliferation of breast cancer cells. We hypothesized that injury to bone marrow stroma can be the source of such cytokines. Towards this end, we injured human and murine bone marrow stromal monolayers by oxidation and hypoxia through one hour exposures to variable concentrations of H2O2 and a cyanide-containing analog, respectively, and by estrogen deprivation. These interventions induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and induced activation TGFβ and TNFα under variable conditions. Incubation of human recombinant IL-6, IL-8 and TGFβ with dormant colonies in fibronectin culture induced dormant clones to proliferate into growing colonies. These data suggest a potential mechanism for reactivation of dormant breast cancer micrometastases and identify potential targets for suppression of the effect. Citation Format: Samir Tivari, Haiyan Lu, Tanya Dasgupta, Robert Wieder. Reactivation of dormant estrogen-dependent breast cancer micrometastases by bone marrow stromal injury in an in vitro model of dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3588. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3588
Abstract 3511: Sustained adrenergic signaling promotes cervical cancer progression
Authors: Nouara C. Sadaoui, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Archana S. Nagaraja, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Rebecca A. Previs, Heather J. Dalton, Mangala S. Lingegowda, Lois M. Ramondetta, Anil K. Sood, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Steve W. Cole
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Chronic stress and sustained adrenergic signaling promote tumor progression. The underlying mechanisms behind this process are not well understood. We examined the effects of sustained adrenergic signaling on cervical cancer progression through increased expression of HPV oncogenes, E6 and E7. Methods: Beta-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) positive cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki and SiHa) were treated with norepinephrine (NE) or isoproterenol (ISO) to analyze intracellular responses. Migration, invasion and anoikis assays were performed to elucidate the resultant biological effect of NE and ISO. ADRB expression levels were examined from cervical cancer patient tumor samples. Results: ADRB expression was determined for cervical cell lines (CaSki, SiHa, and C33A) using qRT-PCR. CaSki and SiHa cells express ADRB1, ADRB2, and ABRB3. Cells exposed to NE for 30 min showed elevated cyclic AMP activity. After treatment with NE or ISO, mRNA levels from HPV oncogenes, E6 and E7, were significantly elevated in the SiHa and CaSki cells. NE exposure resulted in a significant increase in invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells, while E6 siRNA abrogated these effects. After 48 hours of NE or ISO exposure, CaSki cells showed a 30% reduction in anoikis. Among 166 tumor samples evaluated from cervical cancer patients, 85% had increased ADRB1 expression and 61% had increased ADRB2 expression. Tumor stage or grade was not related to ADRB expression. ADRB1 expression was not correlated with patient survival outcomes (p = 0.86); however, patients with high ADRB2 expressed had decreased overall survival (p=0.038). Conclusion: Increased adrenergic signaling promotes cervical cancer progression. Disruption of this pathway could provide a novel complement to current therapies. Citation Format: Nouara C. Sadaoui, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Archana S. Nagaraja, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Rebecca A. Previs, Heather J. Dalton, Mangala S. Lingegowda, Lois M. Ramondetta, Anil K. Sood, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Steve W. Cole. Sustained adrenergic signaling promotes cervical cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3511. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3511
Abstract 05: Assessing Population Impact of Statin Treatment for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in US
Authors: Quanhe Yang, Yuna Zhong, Catheen Gillespie, Robert Merritt, Barbara Bowman, Mary George, Dana Flanders
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) new cholesterol treatment guidelines recommend consideration of statin treatment for a larger proportion of population for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It is important to assess the population impact of statin treatment under these new guidelines. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that increased statin use for the primary prevention of ASCVD might be accompanied by adverse effects among population. Methods: We used 2010 US Census, Multiple Cause Mortality, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked Mortality File (NHANES III 1988-2006, n=7095) and NHANES 2005-2010 (n=3178) participants 40-75 years of age to estimate prevalence of statin use, annual ASCVD deaths prevented and excess adverse effects by age, sex, and race/ethnicity if everyone followed updated guidelines. Results: Among 33.0 million adults aged 40-75 years meeting new guidelines for primary prevention of ASCVD (12.4 million with diabetes and 20.6 without diabetes but with a predicted 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% and 70 ≤ low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≤189 mg/dL), 26.9% (8.8 million) were on statins, indicating an additional 24.2 million potentially eligible for statin treatment (7.7 million with diabetes and 16.5 million without). Among the 7.7 million with diabetes, assuming 100% statin use, expected annual ASCVD deaths prevented were 2,514 (95% CI 592-4,142) and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) was 3,063 (1,860-13,017). The additional cases of myopathy based on estimates from randomized clinical trials (RCT) was 482 (0-2239) and number-needed-to-harm (NNH) was 15,992 (3,440-∞), and was 11,801 (9,251-14,916) and NNH 653 (516-833) based on estimates from population-based studies. Among 16.5 million without diabetes, ASCVD deaths prevented were 5,425 (1,276-8,935) with NNT 3,039 (1,845-12,914). The additional diabetes cases were 16,406 (4,922-26,250) with NNH 1,005 (628-3,349). Additional cases of myopathy was 1,030 (0-4,791) with NNH 15,996 3,441-∞) based on RCT estimates, and 24,302 (19,363-30,292) with NNH 678 (544-851) for population-based studies. ASCVD deaths prevented increased with age and &gt;70% of ASCVD deaths prevented would occur among adults aged ≥60 years. Conclusions: Under ACC/AHA new guidelines for primary prevention of ASCVD by statin, assuming all those eligible took a statin, up to 12.6% of annual ASCVD deaths could be prevented, but could be accompanied by additional cases of diabetes and myopathy.
Book: The New Dictionary of Medical Ethics
Authors: P. J Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

BMJ Books, £19.95, pp 304 ISBN 0 7279 1001 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Eds Kenneth M Boyd, Roger Higgs, Anthony Pinching A man recovering from schizophrenia told me with some pride that he had started to read a book. “Good, what are you reading?” I asked. “The dictionary,” he said. At the time I thought his choice indicative that his recovery was not complete. Now I have been asked to review, and thus presumably read, a dictionary for the BMJ . Is this a lesson in not being too ready to infer pathology in patients? The effort to produce this particular dictionary was important. As medical care and treatment develop, so the challenges to ethical practice change too. There is a tendency to attribute much of the latter to growth in technology, but at least as great a challenge has come from an extension of the holistic approach—the multidisciplinary team. Technology is defined in the dictionary as “The tools that extend the doctors' skills,” but the entry has little of an ethical dimension. The reader is taken to the brink—with the use of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
150. Cooperative Strand Invasion of Super-Coiled Plasmid DNA by Mixed Linear PNA and PNA-Peptide Chimeras
Authors: Karin E. Lundin, Rongbin Ge, Mathias G. Svahn, Elisabeth Tornquist, Lars J. Branden, C. I. Edvard Smith
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA analog with broad biotechnical, and in the future possibly also medical applications. Among suggested functions are as specific anchor sequence for binding biologically active peptides to plasmids in a sequence specific manner via strand invasion. Such complexes, referred to as Bioplex, has already been used to enhance non viral gene transfer in vitro. Here we present a method to quantify the specific binding of a PNA to super coiled DNA by labeling the PNA with the fluorophore thiazole orange (TO). Using this method we have studied how the hybridization of multiple PNAs and PNA-peptide chimeras to sequences on the same DNA strand in a super coiled plasmid are effected by the distance between the binding sites (BSs). The kinetics of the strand invasion into a set of plasmids with different distances between the BSs indicate that the optimal space between two sites are two bases. At this distance the remaining cooperative effects are overriding the negative steric hindrance of a neighboring PNA-peptide. In addition we show increased binding kinetics when using two PNA binding to overlapping sites on the opposite strands without the use of chemically modified nucleobases in the PNA molecules.
DEMONSTRATION OF VISCERAL PAIN BY DETERMINATION OF SKIN POTENTIALS
Authors: Lester M. Morrison, Ernest A. Spiegel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Article1 June 1945DEMONSTRATION OF VISCERAL PAIN BY DETERMINATION OF SKIN POTENTIALSLESTER M. MORRISON, M.D., F.A.C.P., ERNEST A. SPIEGEL, M.D.LESTER M. MORRISON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ERNEST A. SPIEGEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-22-6-827 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe need of a method that permits one to demonstrate and to localize pain objectively in disease of internal organs is particularly striking under conditions such as the present national emergency. Every day the physician is confronted by the question as to whether the complaint of pain in a certain area is caused by an organic disease or whether it is of a psychic nature.The need for an objective "pain-detector" is at least partly met by the measurements of the so-called viscerogalvanic reaction (Spiegel and Wohl). These authors studied the electrical potentials of the skin in cases of visceral...Bibliography GUTTMANN L: Reflectorische Beziehungen zwischen Viscera und Schweissdruesen, Conf. neurol., 1938, i, 296-311. CrossrefGoogle Scholar PORTNOY M: Reacción víscerogalvánica, Thesis. Buenos Aires, 1943. Google Scholar SNODGRASSROCKMENKIN JMJMF: Validity of "ovulation potentials," Am. Jr. Physiol., 1943, cxl, 394-415. CrossrefGoogle Scholar SPIEGELWOHL EAMG: The viscerogalvanic reaction, Arch. Int. Med., 1935, lvi, 327-340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication August 21, 1944.From the Departments of Medicine and of Experimental Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Presented at the meeting of the American Medical Association, Section on Gastroenterology and Proctology, Chicago, June 14, 1944.†Recently Portnoy found a positive viscerogalvanic reaction in 70 per cent of the cases of visceral pain studied. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeurophysiologie und -Pathophysiologie der Schweißsekretion 1 June 1945Volume 22, Issue 6Page: 827-831KeywordsNeurology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
Narrative Medicine: Honoring the Stories of Illness
Authors: Rita Charon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

I: WHAT IS NARRATIVE MEDICINE 1. The source of Narrative Medicine 2. Bridging Health Care's Divides 3. Narrative Features of Medicine II: NARRATIVES OF ILLNESS 4. Telling One's Life 5. The Patient, the Body, and the Self II: DEVELOPING NARRATIVE COMPETENCE 6. Close Reading 7. Attention, Represenation, and Affiliation 8. The Parallel Chart III: DIVIDENDS OF NARRATIVE MEDICINE 9. Bearing Witness 10. The Bioethics of Narrative Medicine 11. A Narrative Vision for Health Care
Human trophoblast cells induced MDSCs from peripheral blood CD14+ myelomonocytic cells via elevated levels of CCL2
Authors: Yun Zhang, Daiwei Qu, Jintang Sun, Lei Zhao, Qingjie Wang, Qianqian Shao, Beihua Kong, Yun Zhang, Xun Qu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> enterotoxin B augments granulocyte migration and survival via airway epithelial cell activation
Authors: W. Huvenne, I. Callebaut, K. Reekmans, G. Hens, S. Bobic, M. Jorissen, D. M. A. Bullens, J. L. Ceuppens, C. Bachert, P. W. Hellings
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) has recently been postulated to be involved in the pathology of granulocyte-dominated disease. Studying the immunologic interaction between SEB and airway epithelial cells in immortalized cell lines or long-term epithelial cell cultures has obvious disadvantages.We used a novel technique of freshly isolated and purified human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) from healthy, nonallergic individuals, which were incubated for 24 h without/with SEB at different concentrations. Chemokine production was evaluated in the supernatant using Cytometric Bead Array. The chemotactic activity of the supernatant was studied in vitro using a Boyden chamber. Survival was evaluated with flow cytometry, using propidium iodide to identify dead cells.Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B showed a dose-dependent induction of interferon-inducible protein-10, monokine induced by interferon-gamma, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor production by epithelial cells in vitro. The supernatant of epithelial cells had chemotactic activity for granulocytes in vitro, which was enhanced in the supernatant of SEB-stimulated epithelial cells. Reduced number of propidium iodide positive granulocytes was found in the conditions where supernatant of SEB-stimulated epithelial cells was applied.Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect on HNEC, with induction of chemokine and growth factor release, resulting in the migration and prolonged survival of granulocytes in vitro.
Early life parental exposure to cats and dogs reduces the risk of allergic disease in their children: Possible inter-generational effect
Authors: A. Lowe, C. Svanes, A. Johannessen, C. Lodge, R.J. Bertelsen, J. Dratva, B. Forsberg, T. Gislason, B. Benedikstdottir, M. Holm, R. Jogi, L. Modig, D. Norbäck, E. Omenaas, F.G. Real, V. Schlûnssen, T. Sigsgaard, T.D. Skorge, S. Timm, G. Wieslander, C. Janson, S. Dharmage
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Environmental exposures, including pets, can induce heritable epigenetic changes, and influence disease risk in offspring. We assessed if early life parental exposure to cats and dogs influenced their children's risk of allergic disease.

Methods: 7,174 Northern Europeans (born 1945-1971) who participated in the RHINE-III study in 2012, provided questionnaire based outcome data for asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis for 16,954 of their children. Associations were estimated between parents' early life cat and dog exposure during infancy (<1 year) and childhood (1-5 years) and the children's outcomes, while adjusting for a range of potential confounders.

Results: Parents' exposure to dog during childhood, was associated with a small risk reduction for the child developing asthma (adjusted OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.71-0.95), but not significantly associated with hay fever (aOR=0.95, 0.84-1.07) or eczema (aOR=1.00, 0.88-1.12). Parents' exposure to both a cat and a dog during childhood was associated with both a reduced risk of offspring hay fever (aOR=0.78, 0.63-0.95) and a reduced risk of non-atopic asthma (asthma without hayfever, aOR=0.72, 0.57-0.92) but not significantly associated with atopic asthma (asthma with hayfever, aOR=0.91, 0.67-1.25) when compared to children of parents with neither pet. Information was not available on the child's own exposure to pets in early life to determine if this was a mediating factor.

Conclusions: Parental early life pet exposure is associated with a reduced risk of asthma and hay-fever in their child, but it is unclear if this is an inter-generational effect or is due to a familial pet keeping behaviour.
Abstract 83: Barriers to Implementation of the PulsePoint Smartphone Application
Authors: Steven C Brooks, Heather C Worthington, Toula E Gonedalles, Bentley Bobrow, Laurie J Morrison
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: PulsePoint is a smartphone application that alerts users in the vicinity of a cardiac arrest to the location of the emergency to facilitate bystander resuscitation. Identifying barriers to implementation provides an opportunity to increase the efficacy of the application. Objective: To identify potential barriers to bystander resuscitation facilitated by the PulsePoint application. Methods: A request for survey participation was sent to all alerted smartphones between June 28, 2012 and May 1, 2013. Only one request for participation was sent to potential respondents. The survey was structured with multiple choice and free text responses administered via Survey Monkey. PulsePoint was active in 10 US EMS agencies over the course of the survey (population served ~ 1.7 million). Results: Of 2790 PulsePoint users sent a CPR notification and request for survey completion, 23.8 % completed our survey (663/2790). Figure 1 details the responses to key questions in the survey and identifies potential barriers. Approximately 37% of survey respondents did not receive an alert, despite the system sending one. Seventy-eight percent of users who received an alert did not respond (328/419). Most cited being busy with a task they could not abandon or felt the location of the emergency was too far away. Approximately 78% of those who arrived on scene (54/69) did not find a victim in cardiac arrest. Of those users who arrived before EMS and found an unconscious victim who was not breathing normally, 6/7 (86%) performed CPR. Conclusion: Several potential barriers to implementation have been identified including specificity of the alerts for actual cardiac arrest and the radius of alert around a cardiac arrest episode. The very high proportion of respondents performing bystander CPR when arriving on scene prior to EMS (86%) suggests that optimized PulsePoint implementation, with identified barriers addressed, may improve community-level bystander CPR rates.