tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) attenuates ischemia and reperfusion injury to the liver in mice
Authors: Shan Zeng, Nikki Feirt, Michael Goldstein, James Guarrera, Nikalesh Ippagunta, Udeme Ekong, Hao Dun, Yan Lu, Wu Qu, Ann Marie Schmidt, Jean C. Emond
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with liver transplantation and hepatic resection is characterized by hepatocellular damage and a deleterious inflammatory response. In this study, we examined whether receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) activation is linked to mechanisms accentuating inflammation on I/R in a murine model of total hepatic ischemia. Animals treated with soluble RAGE (sRAGE), the extracellular ligand-binding domain of RAGE, displayed increased survival after total hepatic I/R compared with vehicle treatment. TUNEL assay and histologic analysis revealed that blockade of RAGE was highly protective against hepatocellular death and necrosis on I/R; in parallel, proliferating cell nuclear antigen was enhanced in livers of mice treated with sRAGE. Rapid activation of p38, p44/42, stress-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, and nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 was evident at early times on I/R. In the remnants of sRAGE-treated livers, however, activation of each of these signaling and transcription factor pathways was strikingly decreased. sRAGE-treated remnants displayed enhanced activation of nuclear factor κB, in parallel with increased transcripts for the proregenerative cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, these data suggest that RAGE modulates hepatic I/R injury, at least in part by activation of key signaling pathways linked to proinflammatory and cell death-promoting responses. We propose that blockade of this pathway may represent a novel strategy to attenuate injury in hepatic I/R and to facilitate regeneration. (Hepatology 2004;39:422-432.)
LUMBAR PUNCTURE IN MENINGEAL HEMORRHAGE OF THE NEW-BORN
Authors: JULES M. BRADY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Hemorrhage of the brain in the newly born is by no means a seldom accident. It has been stated that this is the etiologic factor in one third of stillbirths. It follows in all varieties of deliveries; even spontaneous, easy deliveries are not free from this danger. This condition, first properly interpreted by Sarah McNutt, in 1885, forms one of the darkest chapters in pediatric medicine. More than thirty years before Little had described the spasticity of the muscles and the idiocy following the lesion and recognized its relation to long and protracted labors. While the majority of the infants soaffected do not survive the birth act, a large group live several days, the first few hours not offering the slightest suspicion of the fatal outcome which is soon to follow. The group that survives and is able to weather the cerebral compression is only too well known to all
Implantable Silk Composite Microneedles for Programmable Vaccine Release Kinetics and Enhanced Immunogenicity in Transcutaneous Immunization
Authors: Peter C. DeMuth, Younjin Min, Darrell J. Irvine, Paula T. Hammond
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Microneedle vaccines mimic several aspects of cutaneous pathogen invasion by targeting antigen to skin‐resident dendritic cells and triggering local inflammatory responses in the skin, which are correlated with enhanced immune responses. Here, we tested whether control over vaccine delivery kinetics can enhance immunity through further mimicry of kinetic profiles present during natural acute infections. An approach for the fabrication of silk/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) composite microneedles composed of a silk tip supported on a PAA base is reported. On brief application of microneedle patches to skin, the PAA bases rapidly dissolved to deliver a protein subunit vaccine bolus, while also implanting persistent silk hydrogel depots into the skin for a low‐level sustained cutaneous vaccine release over 1–2 weeks. Use of this platform to deliver a model whole‐protein vaccine with optimized release kinetics resulted in &gt;10‐fold increases in antigen‐specific T‐cell and humoral immune responses relative to traditional parenteral needle‐based immunization.
Differential Renal Function Studies During Mannitol Diuresis in Hypertension
Authors: NORMAN M. SIMON, FRANCESCO DEL GRECO, VINCENT J. O'CONOR
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Differential renal function studies during mannitol diuresis were performed in patients with essential hypertension and hypertension secondary to main renal artery stenosis. Brisk urine flow rates with reproducible flow ratios between the two kidneys were obtained in most studies. Functional differences of more than 15% between the kidneys were demonstrated in 56% of the patients with essential hypertension. Nevertheless, the mean differences for urine flow, osmolality, osmolal clearance, total solute excretion, creatinine and sodium concentrations in urine, sodium and potassium excretion rates, and tubular rejection fraction of sodium were significantly less than those seen in renal artery hypertension. All the latter patients showed excessive water and sodium reabsorption by the ischemic kidney and were sharply differentiated from patients with essential hypertension.
Lost gold: the decline of the academic mission in US medical schools
Authors: Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Medical education needs to be redesigned so that it is an equally shared responsibility of clinicians and physician-scientists, with greatly enhanced opportunities for student-faculty bonding. Traditional departments and divisions must be restructured to provide more thoughtful and effective support for academic clinicians and physician-scientists. Existing infrastructure should be improved so that in exchange for the commitment of time and effort for teaching, the faculty members receive tangible services from their institutions (e.g., information technology that actually saves time, state-of-the art teaching aids that are user friendly, streamlined administrative oversight to avoid duplicate submissions to regulatory offices, more helpful grant management and accounting).
Uremia and the BUN
Authors: Robert G. Luke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Many physicians regard blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a measure of renal function, primarily of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, the BUN level depends not only on the efficiency of renal urea excretion but also on the rate of urea production, which in turn depends on catabolic rates of both dietary and endogenous proteins. Thus, a high dietary protein intake may elevate BUN even in the presence of a normal GFR. Furthermore, urea clearance falls markedly, even though GFR remains normal, at low rates of urinary flow, such as rates during water restriction. It is generally agreed that a . . .
Time to reconsider guidelines on clarithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis?
Authors: N. E. Gibbins, C. Theokli, C. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Schembri and colleagues found an increased risk of cardiovascular events and acute coronary syndromes with the use of clarithromycin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.1 Although the length of treatment correlated with the increase in risk, the dose of clarithromycin was not mentioned, only the duration of treatment. …
Stress Fracture of a Metatarsal
Authors: L. D. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The following case is reported because of the early age of incidence. Case Report On July 23, 1946, a woman brought her child aged 4 years 9 months to hospital, stating that until the previous day the child had been well; she then complained of pain in her right foot on walking, and it was noticed that she limped. No history of trauma was elicited. There was nothing of note in the child's previous history; walking had never troubled her before. On examination the right foot was mildly swollen but not bruised, and there was tenderness along the shaft of the second metatarsal. The appearance of the left foot was normal. She had a mild genu valgum. There was no clinical evidence of systemic disease. A skiagram (Fig. 1) showed: (1) A cuff
Changes in airway inflammation following nasal allergic challenge in patients with seasonal rhinitis
Authors: M. Bonay, C. Neukirch, M. Grandsaigne, V. Leçon‐Malas, P. Ravaud, M. Dehoux, M. Aubier
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis could predispose to the development of chronic bronchial inflammation as observed in asthma. However, direct links between nasal inflammation, bronchial inflammation and airway responsiveness in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and without asthma are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes induced by allergic nasal challenge outside the pollen season in airway responsiveness and bronchial inflammation of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods: Nine patients were evaluated after either grass pollens or placebo nasal challenge in a randomized cross‐over double‐blinded trial. Nasal parameters were recorded hourly and airway responsiveness was assessed by methacholine challenge. Cytological examinations and cytokine measurements were performed in nasal lavage and induced sputum. Eosinophil activation was investigated by eosinophil‐cationic protein expression and secretion. Results: Airway responsiveness was increased after allergic nasal challenge. Total eosinophils and eosinophils expressing eosinophil‐cationic protein were increased in induced sputum after allergic nasal challenge. Both eosinophil number and eosinophil‐cationic protein concentration in induced sputum were correlated to methacholine responsiveness. Conclusions: These results suggest that eosinophils participate to the bronchial inflammation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis following allergic nasal challenge outside the pollen season and might explain changes in airway responsiveness.
The Godfather Cell
Authors: ARTHUR E. PITCHENIK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Ad Libitum1 October 1984The Godfather CellARTHUR E. PITCHENIK, M.D.ARTHUR E. PITCHENIK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-558_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFamily informers1 present theThreat2 to their Godfather3Who orchestrates the kill4.He blesses his generals5 toMobilize an army6, bound byAn ancient blood oath7 toDo his bidding. "Revenge isEthical, foresworn; annihilateThe enemy in transit!"He arms and angers local liege8To terminate the foreigners thatHide. For those that reach hisHome9, the Godfather himselfReserves the kiss of death10,Destroys his own, and remembers11.Revenge is ethical, foresworn andSomewhere in an ancient warThe tides are turned, sanctuariesSacked and Gods defiled.Insidiously, the Godfather is gone12.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Miami, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 558-558KeywordsBlood ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
ROENTGEN-RAY BURNS
Authors: Charles E. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was so unfortunate as to receive a roentgen-ray burn some time ago for which I have been vainly seeking relief. There must be many physicians who have been similarly unfortunate. Possibly something of benefit to all might result from a collective study of the experience of many cases, and I should be very glad indeed if any who share my opinion will communicate with me. If a sufficient number will do so, I shall tabulate the results. Some of the points that should be given especial consideration are (<i>a</i>) the size, location, type and duration of the wound, and (<i>b</i>) the result of treatment of whatever kind. From the available literature no information of special value can be gleaned, and I accordingly feel that a study as proposed might be worth while.
Chronic hypothyroidism induces abnormal structure of high-density lipoproteins and impaired kinetics of apolipoprotein A-I in the rat
Authors: Claudia Huesca-G[oacute]mez, Martha Franco, G[eacute]rald Luc, Luis F. Monta[ntilde]o, Felipe Mass[oacute], Carlos Posadas-Romero, Oscar P[eacute]rez-M[eacute]ndez
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
THE TREATMENT OF THE STUMP IN OOPHORO-SALPINGOTOMY—A NEW METHOD.
Authors: L. H. DUNNING
Journal: JAMA (1895)

There are three serious objections to the method almost universally employed of treating the pedicle and stump in the operation for the removal of the Fallopian tubes and ovaries. They are: In consequence of many adhesions of the tubes and ovaries and the inelastic condition of the broad ligament, it is not infrequently difficult, indeed, impossible to form a pedicle without producing so much tension upon the extremities of the stump as to render them prone to retract and thus loosen the ligature, or even to pull away so far as to leave unprotected a raw surface, which is liable to bleed, or if the tissues do not retract, the tension may be so great as to induce cutting of the tissues by the ligature and thereby lead to oozing or active bleeding. Again, by the en masse ligature it is sometimes found impossible to include the Fallopian tube near
A CONTRIBUTION ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN GRAVES'S DISEASE
Authors: J. S. Goodall, L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1920)

T[z JOCEsNEscapulae.There was a bedsore over the sacrum, and the left leg was verv painful.She had spinal curvature, and the con- traction of the pelvis and the rostration of the symphysis were very marked.Labour was induced, but craniotomy was needed on account of the lateral contraction of the pelvis.Condition on Admission.On August 8th, 1919, she was admitted to the Leeds Infirmary unider Dr. G. Watson, who kindly transferred her to my care.The albumin had disappeared, but she was in a weak, distress- ing, and most miserable condition.The osseous svstem showed many anomalies.The pelvis was rostrated (distance of anterior superior spines, 8& in.; intercristal distance, 9 in.; external conjugate, 6i in., P.V.).There was marked approximation of tlhe pubic rami, the promontory was reached with difficulty, and examination was painful.There was kyphosis in the upper part of the spine and lordosis in the lower.There was angular displacement in both clavicles at the seat of fracture.The chest was deformed.There was fracture of the upper part of the left femur with about 2 in.shortening.The results of x-ray examination were especially interesting.The bones were so little opaque to the rays that it was impossible to obtain a good skiagram.The shape of the osteomalacic pelvis was obvious.There was a well marked -fracture of the -upper end of the left femur with upward displacement of the lower fragment.Several fractures could be made out in the pelvic bones and another in the right tibia. Operation;On September 15th, 1919, I removed the ovaries.They were normal in appearance, and the uterus had undergone niormal involution.On'October 15th she -was very much better; she was bright and cheerful; all pain-had gone, and she was able to rise from bed and hobble a short distance with a stick.The urine was normal.Condition Twelve Mlonths later.The patient attended at the infirmary on September 15th, 1920.She seemed very much better in all respects.She was bright and cheerful, and had gained fifteen pouinds since opera- tion.She was free from pain, and able to walk some distance without crutches, although the shortening of the leg makes her lame.The skiagram shows that the bones are certainly more opaque than at the last examination, and there seems to be some new bone formation at the iliac crest.I am indebted to Miss Wheatley for assistance in the clinical records of this case.It is said that 80 per cent. of osteomalacia cases recover under this treatment.Left to themselves tlje women, who are as a rule very prolific, grow worse with each succeeding pregnancy, and ultimately die from exhaustion, bedsores' and so on, or from plithisis or other intercurrent disease.It is said that occasionally the disease affects iales, but I have never heard of such a case in this country.
Serotype-related antigen of in the induction of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Correlation between serotype of inhalation challenge-positive antigen and that of the isolates from patients' homes
Authors: M ANDO, T SAKATA, K YOSHIDA, H YAMASAKI, S ARAKI, K ONOUE, T SHINODA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Lactosylation of albumin reduces uptake rate of dibromosulfophthalein in perfused rat liver and dissociation rate from albuminIn Vitro
Authors: Peter Van Der Sluijs, Bart Postema, Dirk K. F. Meijer
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Two types of models have recently been proposed to describe hepatic uptake kinetics of protein bound drugs: a model in which dissociation from plasma protein is rate limiting the process, and a model in which an interaction between protein and hepatocyte surface is thought to promote dissociation and uptake of the drug. This study was designed to investigate several aspects of both models, using lactosylated albumin as a binding protein that can interact with the Ashwell receptor abundantly present on the hepatocyte. Dibromosulfophthalein clearance was studied in rat liver in the presence of 150 μ M (1%) albumin or 150 μ M lactosylated albumin. Initial disappearance rate from perfusate in the presence of lactosylated albumin indicated a 2-fold decrease in hepatic uptake rate compared with native albumin. This was confirmed by compartmental analysis, showing a similar decrease in hepatic uptake rate constant. Protein binding of dibromosulfophthalein to lactosylated albumin was only marginally different from normal albumin. Consequently, modification of the protein retarded uptake of the organic anion at an essentially unchanged unbound concentration. Fluorescence spectroscopy of lactosylated albumin showed a blue-shifted tryptophan emission spectrum compared with albumin, indicating increased hydrophobicity of the neoglycoprotein. We therefore considered a change in off-and-on rate for binding of dibromosulfophthalein to lactosylated albumin. Rapid filtration experiments indicated that the dissociation rate constant of dibromosulfophthalein from lactosylated albumin was half that of controls. We conclude that the decreased off-rate from lactosylated albumin can explain the retarding influence on hepatic uptake rate of dibromosulfophthalein. This observation argues for the concept of dissociation-limited uptake in the hepatic clearance of the organic anion.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROGRESSION OF AORTIC STENOSIS AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGE IN AORTIC VALVE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Yoshiki Matsumura, Kenichi Sugioka, Takahiko Naruko, Takashi Omura, Tomoyuki Yamakawa, Yoshihiro Ikura, Yasuyuki Kato, Toshihiko Shibata, Shigefumi Suehiro, Akira Itoh, Takeshi Hozumi, Minoru Yoshiyama, Makiko Ueda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Neural circuits and block diagrams
Authors: J. J. C. Smart
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

This commentary is intended to illuminate Gold's &amp; Stoljar's main contentions by exploiting a favorite comparison, namely, that between biology and electronics. Roughly, and leaving out Darwinian theory and the like, biology is physics and chemistry plus natural history just as electronics is physics plus wiring diagrams. Natural history (even that discovered by sophisticated apparatus such as electron microscopes) contains generalizations, not laws. Psychology and cognitive science typically give more abstract explanations, as do “block diagrams” in electronics, and are less dispensable.
The occurrence of psoriatic arthritis in Denmark
Authors: O B V Pedersen, A J Svendsen, L Ejstrup, A Skytthe, P Junker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To apply and compare different classification criteria on a representative nationwide sample of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) twins and to estimate the prevalence and incidence of PsA.The study comprised three Danish nationwide twin cohorts. In 1994 37 388 Danish twin individuals and in 2002 46 418 twin individuals received a questionnaire, including questions on rheumatic diseases. Twins reporting PsA and their co-twins were classified according to the Moll and Wright and CASPAR (ClASsification criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis) criteria based on interview, clinical examination and scrutiny of medical records.228 twin individuals reported PsA and 164 (72%) participated in clinical validation. By using the Moll and Wright and CASPAR criteria, 54 and 50 cases were diagnosed with PsA respectively. The positive predictive value of self-reported PsA was 31%. According to the Moll and Wright and CASPAR criteria the prevalence was 0.15% (95% CI: 0.13%, 0.22%) and 0.14% (95% CI: 0.11%, 0.19%) respectively. The annual incidence rate based on new self-reported cases in 2002 was 6/100 000 person-years (95% CI: 3/100 000 person-years, 11/100 000 person-years).The positive predictive value of self-reported PsA was 31%. The prevalence and incidence figures of PsA were equivalent to the previously reported occurrence in population- and hospital-based studies.
Preventing skin cancer
Authors: A. Fry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Health promotion strategies to prevent deaths from skin cancer, particularly melanoma, have two components: advice on early recognition and advice on prevention. The population is perhaps heeding advice on early recognition. Five year survival from melanoma in England and Wales is improving, particularly in female patients,1 probably because the cancer is diagnosed at an earlier stage owing to increased public awareness. But the incidence of melanoma is increasing in the United Kingdom and the United States; 1 2 in the United Kingdom it has doubled over the past 20 years.1 This contrasts with a falling incidence in Australia,3 but it is not clear whether this difference is attributable to the Australian prevention campaign having been active for longer or whether prevention messages are less effective in the United Kingdom. By 1996, attitudes among Australian students had already shifted positively towards avoiding exposure to the sun and away from the use of sunscreen and desire for a tan.4 In contrast, a study of 80 students in the United Kingdom published in 2000 found that most emphasised positive benefits of sun exposure, enjoyed sunbathing, protected themselves inadequately, and did not intend to change this behaviour.5

Experts believe that 90% of non-melanoma skin cancers and two …
INEFFICIENCY OF MOST OF THE COMMONLY USED SKIN ANTISEPTICS
Authors: MARTIN B. TINKER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The antiseptics, judged by their influence in preserving life and health, may fairly be considered among our most important therapeutic agents. Practitioners in all branches of medicine, from those engaged in medical diagnostic puncture and hypodermic therapy to obstetricians and specialists, use skin antiseptics in one form or another. Yet there has been no important advance in skin preparation methods by the profession of this country in more than fifteen years. This statement is based on definite information: replies to a questionnaire sent to representative surgeons show that more than 70 per cent depend on the iodine method essentially as introduced by Grossich, 1 and most of the remainder depend on methods equally unreliable in the presence of certain resistant, spore-forming bacteria. An attempt was made fifteen years ago to show the inefficiency of the iodine methods and the fallacies involved in their use. 2 The results of some of