tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2559: Reflectance, Fluorescence, and Raman Spectroscopy Identify Features of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque <i>In Vivo</i> Including a Thin Fibrous Cap, Necrotic Core or Superficial Foam Cells, and Thrombus
Authors: Obrad R Šćepanović, Maryann Fitzmaurice, Arnold Miller, Chae-Ryon Kong, Ramachandra R Dasari, John R Kramer, Michael S Feld
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Early detection and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, the lesions most prone to rupture, is critical to reducing patient mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. The combination of reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy - termed multimodal spectroscopy (MMS) - provides complementary and depth-sensitive information about tissue composition. We assessed the hypothesis that MMS can detect morphological features of vulnerable plaque: thin fibrous cap (TFC), necrotic core (NC), superficial foam cells (SFC), intralesional hemorrhage (IH), and thrombus. Methods. In vivo and ex vivo MMS spectra were collected from 12 patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgeries. The data collection was facilitated by means of a novel MMS probe catheter and a portable clinical instrument developed in our laboratory. During carotid endarterectomies, MMS spectra were collected in vivo from the intimal surface of the plaque with the probe held normal to the artery wall. During femoral bypasses, MMS spectra were collected in vivo either through the proximal anastomosis site from the posterior artery wall or adjacent to the incision. A tissue specimen was excised for additional MMS spectral collection ex vivo. Histopathological analysis was performed by a blinded cardiovascular pathologist to assess the vulnerability of each spectrally evaluated tissue site using a quantitative index based on the dimension or severity of the following: TFC, NC, SFC, IH, and thrombus. Across the total set of 76 evaluated tissue locations, MMS is shown to have the ability to detect vulnerability features including a TFC, NC or SFCs, and thrombus. A TFC is detected by measuring the relative amount of collagen assessed by fluorescence, a large NC or SFCs are detected through the combination of beta-carotene absorption and the Raman spectral signature of lipids, and thrombus is detected through its Raman signature. The results indicate that rupture-prone vulnerable plaques could be detected with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 72%. In conclusion, these encouraging results will help bring MMS into the clinical arena as a powerful, catheter-based diagnostic technique for early detection of vulnerable plaques.
Nanoshells for Integrated Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Andre M. Gobin, Min Ho Lee, Rebekah A. Drezek, Naomi J. Halas, Jennifer L. West
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A104   This purpose of this study was to investigate the use of nanoshells for a combined imaging application and cancer therapy using commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT). Gold nanoshells are a new class of nanoparticles with tunable optical absorption that can be designed in the near infrared where penetration of light through tissue is maximal. Nanoshells consist of a dielectric core of silica with an ultrathin shell of gold. It has been previously shown that gold nanoshells can sufficiently accumulate in tumors due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect thus allowing ablation of tumors using an external NIR laser source. This led to complete tumor regression. In the current studies, we have designed nanoshells to both provide optical contrast for OCT to enhance diagnostic capabilities and also to then to generate localized heating under the appropriate illumination conditions to allow for ablation of the tumor.Murine colon carcinoma cells, CT-26, were grown subcutaneously in BALB/c mice. Tumors were allowed to grow to ~5 mm diameter. The surfaces of the nanoshells were modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) to enhance circulation. For the treatment group PEGylated nanoshells were injected into the tail vein of the animals 20 hours prior to imaging and treatment. PBS injected animals and untreated controls were also used in the study. The tumors were imaged using the Niris Imaging System OCT by applying glycerol for index matching and placing the probe directly on the skin. Images were captured at several locations on each tumor. After imaging the tumors were exposed to a NIR laser. Tumor size and animal survival following treatment was monitored for 8 weeks after treatment.OCT images of the tumors prior to irradiation shows substantially higher contrast, indicative of higher scattering, in the tumors of mice that received systemic nanoshell injections compared to the mice receiving saline injections. Silver stained images show the presence of nanoshells in the tumors of mice injected with nanoshells compared to PBS injected mice. There was a greater than 80% survival rate of the nanoshell therapy mice after 8 weeks, compared to 14% for the Saline + laser group and zero for the control group. Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis on the survival data showed a median survival of 14 days for the PBS + laser treatment group and 10 days for the Untreated Control group. At 21 days and to the end of the 8 week study period, the nanoshell therapy group survival rate was significantly higher than either control group, p
Abstract 76: A Survey of Airway Skills and Equipment Available During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jerry Nolan, Emma L Bell Chambers, Tom Bradley, Jeremy R Astin, Emma King
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives The Resuscitation Council (RC (UK)) recommends that cardiac arrest teams include members skilled in tracheal intubation and provides a list of the equipment that should be available at cardiac arrests. We surveyed intensive care unit (ICU) residents in all general adult ICUs in the UK to determine compliance with these guidelines. The Royal College of Anaesthetists “Initial Assessment of Competency”, normally taken after 3 months of anaesthetic training, was used to define competency in tracheal intubation. Method Using a standardised questionnaire, a resident in each of the 254 general adult ICUs in the UK was surveyed by telephone. Results Responses were obtained from a resident in 192 (76%) of ICUs. ICU residents attended cardiac arrests in 129 (67%) of hospitals; 34% of these residents were not competent in tracheal intubation. Only 124 (65%) of the arrest teams always included a member with at least 6 months anaesthetics experience. Operating department practitioners (anaesthetic assistants) were sole airway operators in 2% of teams. Cardiac arrest airway equipment data was obtained from 181 hospitals (table). Of the 25 cardiac arrest teams not using LMAs, 12 used alternative supraglottic airway devices (SADs). Capnography was routinely available to 22% of arrest teams. Conclusions One third of ICU residents in cardiac arrest teams are not competent in tracheal intubation. Capnography is available to only one fifth of teams. The need for intubation skills at cardiac arrests has been questioned, and may be unnecessary if members of the arrest team are competent in the use of SADs. Capnography is now recommended for confirming intubation at cardiac arrests; it also provides feedback on CPR quality and an early indication of return of spontaneous circulation. All cardiac arrest teams in the UK should have capnography available and implement its use urgently.
The priority for wi-fi across the NHS should be better technology for hospital staff
Authors: Shyan Goh
Journal: BMJ (2015)

In addition to concerns that “Members of the public will come in and use the free wi-fi, patients will be distracted and clinics will run even later, and inappropriate use would have to be controlled, with costs of filtering and legal liabilities,”1 I think hospital staff will be distracted from their healthcare duties …
The role of knowledge and perceived risks of asbestos-related effects on psychological distress
Authors: Isabelle Thaon, Ibrahim Mounchetrou-Njoya, Amandine Luc, Emmanuelle Penven, Jean-Claude Pairon, Christophe Paris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: Some previous studies reported psychological distress associated with occupational asbestos exposure. One of the hypotheses is the overestimation of the cancer risk due to asbestos exposure. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of delivering information on asbestos-related risks on the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD).  Methods: Half of 4339 subjects of the Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort randomly received precise information on asbestos-related diseases incidence issued from the cohort analyses. All subjects were also invited to complete the HAD scale and a self-questionnaire concerning knowledge about asbestos-related risks. Factors influencing anxiety and/or depression have been analyzed using logistic regressions systematically adjusted for age, smoking status and gender.  Results: About 50% of subjects (n=2199) returned all the questionnaires, among them 1067 (48.5%) have received the information letter. Overall, 497 subjects (22.8%) reported anxiety and/or depression symptoms. The information letter had a significant impact on knowledge about asbestos health risks, but no difference was observed between the two groups for the prevalence of anxiety and depression (23.6% vs 21.9%, ns). In multiple analyses, significant associations between having anxiety and/or depression were observed with self-estimated asbestos exposure, some perceived health risks of asbestos, coping behavior but not with the information letter (OR=0.91 [0.74-1.12]).  Conclusion: Our study confirmed the existence of a significant psychological distress in relation with perception but not the knowledge of asbestos health effects. Specific psychological take care has to be developed.
Abstract 18256: Importance of Controlling Dietary Intake of Saturated Fat for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Lessons From the Metabolic Ward Studies
Authors: Robert Clarke, Jemma C Hopewell
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Recent studies of dietary fat and coronary heart disease (CHD) have questioned the relevance of limiting the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for prevention of CHD. Objective: To re-examine the metabolic ward trials assessing the effects on plasma levels of LDL-C or of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of replacement of dietary intake of SFA, trans fats (TFA) and dietary cholesterol by PUFA, monounsaturated fats (MUFA) or by carbohydrate. Methods: In a meta-analysis of 103 metabolic ward studies involving 500 controlled dietary trials, the effects on plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and total/HDL-C ratio of isocaloric replacement of calories as SFA or TFA by PUFA, MUFA or carbohydrate were assessed using multivariate regression analysis. Results: Higher intakes of SFA, dietary cholesterol and TFA were each significantly associated with higher LDL-C levels, but higher intakes of PUFA were associated with lower LDL-C, and MUFA had no effect on LDL-C. Isocaloric replacement of TFA (2% calories) by PUFA had twice the effect on total/HDL ratio than by carbohydrate (-0.13 [0.03] vs -0.07 [0.02]). By contrast, isocaloric replacement of 5% of calories as SFA by PUFA had a much greater effect on both LDL-C and on the total/LDL-C ratio than the elimination of TFA. Taken together, isocaloric replacement of SFA (5% calories), TFA (2% calories) and dietary cholesterol (100 mg) by PUFA should lower LDL-C by about 0.5 mmol/L (20 mg/dL) and the total/HDL-C ratio by 0.33. Conclusions: Excessive intakes of SFA remain a major public health problem and public health strategies for prevention of CHD should not neglect the importance of limiting SFA intake which will result in a greater reduction in LDL-C than the elimination of TFA alone.
Association between Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The REGICOR Study
Authors: Marcela Rivera, Xavier Basagaña, Inmaculada Aguilera, Maria Foraster, David Agis, Eric de Groot, Laura Perez, Michelle A. Mendez, Laura Bouso, Jaume Targa, Rafael Ramos, Joan Sala, Jaume Marrugat, Roberto Elosua, Nino Künzli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Epidemiological evidence of the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on the chronic processes of atherogenesis is limited.We investigated the association of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI).We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data collected during the reexamination (2007-2010) of 2,780 participants in the REGICOR (Registre Gironí del Cor: the Gerona Heart Register) study, a population-based prospective cohort in Girona, Spain. Long-term exposure across residences was calculated as the last 10 years' time-weighted average of residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) estimates (based on a local-scale land-use regression model), traffic intensity in the nearest street, and traffic intensity in a 100 m buffer. Associations with IMT and ABI were estimated using linear regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively, controlling for sex, age, smoking status, education, marital status, and several other potential confounders or intermediates.Exposure contrasts between the 5th and 95th percentiles for NO2 (25 µg/m3), traffic intensity in the nearest street (15,000 vehicles/day), and traffic load within 100 m (7,200,000 vehicle-m/day) were associated with differences of 0.56% (95% CI: -1.5, 2.6%), 2.32% (95% CI: 0.48, 4.17%), and 1.91% (95% CI: -0.24, 4.06) percent difference in IMT, respectively. Exposures were positively associated with an ABI of > 1.3, but not an ABI of < 0.9. Stronger associations were observed among those with a high level of education and in men ≥ 60 years of age.Long-term traffic-related exposures were associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm associations and further examine differences among population subgroups.
Abstract 4288: Transcatheter Patch Occlusion of the Left Atrial Appendage in High Risk for Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Eleftherios B Sideris, Savvas Toumanides, Yuri Carpenko, Benjamin Macuil, Basilios E Sideris, Herman D Collette, Spyridon Moulopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the most common site of thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation; therefore LAA obliteration could prevent embolic strokes. The Transca...
A prospective study of <sup>18</sup>FDG PET in the prediction of relapse in patients with high risk clinical stage I (CS1) non-seminomatous germ cell cancer (NSGCT): MRC study TE22
Authors: R. Huddart, M. O’Doherty, A. Padhani, G. Rustin, G. Mead, J. K. Joffe, P. Vasey, S. Hain, S. J. Kirk, S. P. Stenning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4520 Background: High risk stage I NSGCT is characterised by vascular or lymphatic invasion within the primary tumour. This group comprises ∼50% of stage I pts with, (untreated) a relapse rate of 35–40%. Options for the management of such pts include adjuvant chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (± adjuvant chemotherapy) and surveillance, each achieving similarly high cure rates. An FDG PET scan may be able to aid discrimination between pts without occult metastatic disease, for whom surveillance is an attractive option, and those requiring immediate therapy. Methods: High risk (vascular invasion +ve) CS1 NSGCT pts underwent FDG PET scanning within ∼8 weeks of orchidectomy. PET+ve pts went off study, PET -ve pts were followed on surveillance. The primary outcome measure was the -ve predictive value of PET, defined as the 2-year relapse-free rate (RFR) in pts with a negative PET scan. Assuming a RFR of ∼90%, to exclude a RFR &lt; 80% with 80% power (5% significance), ∼100 PET negative pts were required from ∼135 scanned pts. All baseline CT scans were subject to central review blinded to PET result and relapse status and, in relapsed pts, a retrospective comparison of the CT and PET scan results. Results: Pts were registered between 5/02 and 1/05, when the trial was stopped early by the independent Data Monitoring Committee due to an unacceptably high relapse rate in the PET-ve pts. 116 pts were registered of whom 111 underwent PET scans. 88 pts (79%) were PET-ve; 87 proceeded to surveillance and one requested adjuvant chemotherapy. With median follow-up of 11 months, 33 of the 87 pts on surveillance relapsed for a one-year relapse-free rate of 63% 90% CI (54%, 72%). The PET +ve/relapse rate was 69% in patients with normal markers pre-orchidectomy (n = 36) and 41% in those with raised markers (n = 66). There has been one death (suicide) amongst the PET -ve pts. The radiology and PET scan review will be completed by May 2006. Conclusions: Though PET identified a proportion of pts with disease not detected by CT scan the relapse rate amongst PET -ve pts remains high. The study results therefore suggest that 18 FDG PET scanning is not able to identify pts at sufficiently low risk of relapse to replace other treatment options in this setting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparison of protoporphyrin IX accumulation and destruction during methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy of skin tumours located at acral and nonacral sites
Authors: J.S. Tyrrell, C. Morton, S.M. Campbell, A. Curnow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Comparison of protoporphyrin IX accumulation and destruction during methylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy of skin tumours located at acral and nonacral sites Get access J.S. Tyrrell, J.S. Tyrrell Clinical Photobiology, European Centre of Environment and Human Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Morton, C. Morton Stirling Royal Infirmary, Stirling FK8 2AU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Campbell, S.M. Campbell Clinical Photobiology, European Centre of Environment and Human Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Curnow A. Curnow Clinical Photobiology, European Centre of Environment and Human Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, U.K. Alison Curnow. E‐mail: alison.curnow@pms.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 6, 1 June 2011, Pages 1362–1368, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10265.x Published: 01 June 2011
Sequelae of Arthrodesis of the Hip
Authors: M E Greiss, R J Thomas, MAR Freeman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

Twenty-two patients with unilateral arthrodesis of the hip were reviewed clinically and radiologically ten years or more after operation. There was evidence of degenerative disease in 63.6% of the contralateral hips, 68.2% of the ipsilateral knees and in 59.1% of the contralateral knees. Both knees were affected in 50% of cases. All the patients had some degree of backache. The incidence of these problems in contrast with previously reported series is discussed.
Bony Morbidity in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Adam J. Strauss, Joyce T. Su, Virginia M. Kimball Dalton, Richard D. Gelber, Stephen E. Sallan, Lewis B. Silverman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To determine the frequency of corticosteroid-associated bony morbidity in children with ALL, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence of fractures and osteonecrosis (ON) on two consecutive pediatric ALL protocols. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-six consecutive children were treated for ALL between 1987 and 1995 at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital. Prednisone was used as the corticosteroid during postremission therapy from 1987 to 1991, and dexamethasone was used from 1991 to 1995. Medical records for all patients were reviewed to assess the occurrence of fractures and ON. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.6 years, the 5-year cumulative incidence (CI) ± SE of any bony morbidity for the 176 patients was 30% ± 4%, with a 5-year CI of fractures of 28% ± 3% and of ON of 7% ± 2%. With multivariate analysis, independent predictors of bony morbidity included age 9 to 18 years at diagnosis (P &lt; .01), male sex (P &lt; .01), and treatment with dexamethasone (P = .01). Dexamethasone was associated with a higher risk of fractures (5-year CI, 36% ± 5% v 20% ± 4% with prednisone; P = .04), but not ON (P = .40). The 5-year event-free survival for the 176 patients was 79% ± 3%. CONCLUSION: Children treated for ALL had a high incidence of fractures and ON. Older children, boys, and patients receiving dexamethasone were at increased risk for the development of bony morbidity. Future studies should attempt to minimize corticosteroid-associated bony morbidity without compromising clinical efficacy.
Prevention of Friend Virus Leukemogenesis by Concanavalin A. I. Detection of Dormant Virus and Role of Humoral Antibody in Protected Mice2
Authors: John R. Kateley, Herman Friedman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Friend leukemia virus (FLV) leukemogenesis was prevented when FLV was treated with the plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) before injection into BALB/c mice. Such protection was not mediated by neutralizing or cytotoxic antibody, though 60% of mice infected with Con A-treated FLV were protected from reinfection with a lethal dose of FLV. Spleen size of mice infected with lectin-treated FLV was normal up to 50 days after challenge, but the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes was partially suppressed. Tissue culture, as well as cell and serum transfer experiments, demonstrated that infectious virus was present in protected mice.
P-045 The pretreatment Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score as an independent prognostic factor in patients with clinical Stage I-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: T. Toyokawa, N. Kubo, M. Shibutani, K. Sakurai, H. Nagahara, H. Tanaka, K. Muguruma, H. Ohtani, M. Yashiro, K. Maeda, M. Ohira, K. Hirakawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)