tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autologous Transplantation for Diffuse Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Patients Never Achieving Remission: A Report from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry
Authors: Julie M. Vose, Mei-Jie Zhang, Philip A. Rowlings, Hillard M. Lazarus, Brian J. Bolwell, Cesar O. Freytes, Santiago Pavlovsky, Armand Keating, Burhan Yanes, Koen van Besien, James O. Armitage, Mary M. Horowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (autotransplants) in patients with diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) who never achieve a complete remission with conventional chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Detailed records from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry (ABMTR) on 184 patients with diffuse aggressive NHL who never achieved a complete remission with conventional chemotherapy and subsequently received an autotransplant were evaluated. Transplants were performed between 1989 and 1995 and were reported to the ABMTR by 48 centers in North and South America. RESULTS: Seventy-nine (44%) of 184 patients achieved a complete remission or a complete remission with residual imaging abnormalities of unknown significance after autotransplantation. Thirty-four (19%) of 184 had a partial remission and 55 (31%) of 184 had no response or progressive disease. Eleven patients (6%) were not assessable for response because of early death. The probabilities of progression-free and overall survival at 5 years after transplantation were 31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24% to 38%) and 37% (95% CI, 30% to 45%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy resistance, Karnofsky performance status score less than 80 at transplantation, age ≥ 55 years at transplantation, receiving three or more prior chemotherapy regimens, and not receiving pre- or posttransplant involved-field irradiation therapy were adverse prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation should be considered for patients with diffuse aggressive NHL who never achieve a complete remission but who are still chemotherapy-sensitive and are otherwise transplant candidates.
Cancer and Vitamin C. A Discussion of the Nature, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of Cancer with Special Reference to the Value of Vitamin C.
Authors: Ewan Cameron, Linus Carl Pauling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Aspects of the nature, causes, prevention and treatment of cancer are examined with emphasis on the value of vitamin C. The view is put forward that routine high intakes of ascorbic acid play a role in cancer by increasing the natural resistance of the patient; resistance of healthy tissues to metastasis by a malignant tumor may be the most important element in cancer progress and outcome. Extension evidence (clinical trials and case histories) supporting a therapeutic role for vitamin C in cancer treatment, especially if begun early, is presented. Increased ascorbate intakes by healthy individuals may also act to prevent the development of cancer. A discussion of the mechanisms of action of vitamin C, including its function in the immune system, provides insight into how the vitamin may work in the prevention and treatment of cancer
Stratified, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron administered as a multiple-dose regimen versus two single-dose regimens in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
Authors: T M Beck, P J Hesketh, S Madajewicz, R M Navari, K Pendergrass, E P Lester, J A Kish, W K Murphy, J D Hainsworth, D R Gandara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE This study compares the efficacy and safety of two single-dose regimens with the approved three-dose regimen of ondansetron in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multicenter study was a stratified, randomized, double-blind, and parallel group design. Chemotherapy-naive inpatients were randomized to receive intravenous (IV) ondansetron (Zofran; Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC) 0.15 mg/kg times three doses, every 4 hours or a single 8-mg or 32-mg dose followed by two saline doses that began 30 minutes before cisplatin administration. Cisplatin (high-dose &gt; or = 100 mg/m2 or medium-dose 50 to 70 mg/m2) was given as a single infusion (&lt; or = 3 hours). Patients were monitored for emetic episodes, adverse events, and laboratory safety parameters for 24 hours after cisplatin administration. RESULTS A total of 699 patients (359 high-dose, 340 medium-dose) were enrolled. Of these, 618 were assessable for efficacy (15 ineligible, 66 protocol deviations). The 32-mg dose was superior to the 8-mg single dose with regard to total number of emetic episodes (high-dose, P = .015; medium-dose, P &lt; .001), complete response (no emetic episodes: high-dose, 48% v 35%; P = .048; medium-dose, 73% v 50%; P = .001) and failure rate (&gt; 5 emetic episodes, withdrawn or rescued: high-dose, 20% v 34%; P = .018; medium-dose, 9% v 23%; P = .005). The 32-mg single dose was also superior to the 0.15 mg/kg times three dose regimen with regard to total number of emetic episodes (medium-dose, P = .033) and failure rate (high-dose, 20% v 36%; P = .009; medium-dose, 9% v 22%; P = .011). Ondansetron was well tolerated. The most common adverse event was headache. An approximate 10-fold increase in the incidence of clinically significant transaminase elevations was observed in the high-dose versus medium-dose cisplatin strata (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], 6.5% v 0.7%; serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT], 5.0% v 0.3%). CONCLUSION A 32-mg single dose of ondansetron is more effective than a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective as the standard regimen of 0.15 mg/kg times three doses in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis.
Effect of Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication on Metabolism of Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene in Rats and Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul Kotin, Hans L. Falk, Adele Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

CCl4 injury to the liver interfered with the normal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene, particularly in relation to the derivatives of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. The primary, though not exclusive, alteration in function was related to the reduction of one double bond and the conjugation of metabolites with glucuronic acid. Clearance of benzo[a]pyrene from sites of administration and the circulatory system was both delayed and diminished in the injured liver. Recovery of administered isotope in the form of carbon-labeled benzo[a]pyrene was reduced. The sites of localization of benzo[a]pyrene were undetermined; however, the organs concerned with metabolism and excretion revealed no abnormal concentration. Decreased flow of bile was eliminated as the primary explanation for our findings since abnormal metabolic products persisted even when bile flow was artificially maintained at a normal rate. Rats genetically deficient in glucuronic acid transferase yielded a pattern of metabolites similar in certain aspects to that observed after liver injury. Histologically, liver injury produced was typical of CCl4 intoxication. Pathologic and physiologic recovery was complete in 5 to 6 days with normal morphologic and metabolic findings. In bioassay studies an enhanced tumorigenic response resulted in mice given subcutaneous injections of CCl4 and benzo[a]pyrene in comparison to mice receiving benzo[a]pyrene alone subcutaneously.
Removal or Revision of Vaginal Mesh Used for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Blayne Welk, Hana’a Al-Hothi, Jennifer Winick-Ng
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

IMPORTANCE Synthetic mesh slings are the most common surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).However, the US Food and Drug Administration has released warnings that question the safety of vaginal mesh.OBJECTIVES To measure the incidence of mesh removal or revision after SUI procedures and to determine whether significant surgeon and patient risk factors exist.
Lung volume assessment on 3D-CT and estimated postoperative pulmonary function for lung cancer patients with and without COPD
Authors: Masanori Yokoba, Tsuyoshi Ichikawa, Shinichiro Ryuge, Sachiyo Maki, Tomoya Fukui, Masaru Kubota, Noriyuki Masuda, Masato Katagiri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The evaluation of a postoperative pulmonary function is important for estimating the risk of complications and long-term disability after pulmonary resection. Number of segments method or the method considering the proportion of the resected lung is often used to estimate the postoperative pulmonary functions. However, those methods do not consider the actual volume of resected lobe. 3D-CT can divide and calculate the lung volume and its volume of low attenuation area (LAA) for every lobe. The aim of this study is to reveal the differentiation between 1) actual values examined after lobectomy (PO), 2) estimated postoperative values calculated with (a) number of segments method (ePOseg), (b) the proportion of the resected lung (ePOpro), and (c) resected lobular volume including its LAA obtained by 3D-CT (ePOCT) on a) FEV 1.0 , b) BSA corrected FEV 1.0 , c) %FEV 1.0  and d) %DLco. 9 GOLD 1 or 2 patients and 12 non COPD patients were enrolled for this study. (Adenocarcinoma: Squamous cell carcinoma: Pleomorphic carcinoma 14: 6: 1 patients) For FEV 1.0 , %FEV 1.0  and %DLco, there are no significantly differences between PO and all estimated values in COPD and non COPD patients. For BSA corrected FEV 1.0 , there are no significantly differences between PO and all estimated values in COPD patients, but ePOpro is significantly smaller than PO and ePOCT in non COPD patients. We concluded that 1) in COPD patients with moderate air flow limitation, 3D-CT related values are similar to the actual values obtained after lobectomy same as traditional methods, 2) BSA corrected FEV 1.0  related with ePOseg might be underestimated compared with PO and ePOCT in non COPD patients.
Pamidronate in Prevention of Bone Complications in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Bruce E. Hillner, Jane C. Weeks, Christopher E. Desch, Thomas J. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Pamidronate is effective in reducing bony complications in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have known osteolytic lesions. However, pamidronate does not increase survival and is associated with additional financial costs and inconvenience. We conducted a post-hoc evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of pamidronate using the results of two randomized trials that evaluated pamidronate 90 mg administered intravenously every month versus placebo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The trials differed only in the initial systemic therapy administered (hormonal or chemotherapy). Total skeletal related events (SREs), including surgery for pathologic fracture, radiation for fracture or pain control, conservatively treated pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, or hypercalcemia, were taken directly from the trials. Using a societal perspective, direct health care costs were assigned to each SRE. Each group’s monthly survival was equal and was projected to decline using observed median survivals. The cost of pamidronate reflected the average wholesale price of the drug plus infusion. The value or disutility of an adverse event per month was evaluated using a zero value (events avoided) or an assigned one (range, 0.2 to 0.8). RESULTS: The cost of pamidronate therapy exceeded the cost savings from prevented adverse events. The difference between the treated and placebo groups was larger with hormonal systemic therapy than with chemotherapy (additional $7,685 compared with $3,968 per woman). The projected net cost per SRE avoided was $3,940 with chemotherapy and $9,390 with hormonal therapy. The cost-effectiveness ratios were $108,200 with chemotherapy and $305,300 with hormonal therapy per quality-adjusted year. CONCLUSION: Although pamidronate is effective in preventing a feared, common adverse outcome in metastatic breast cancer, its use is associated with high incremental costs per adverse event avoided. The analysis is most sensitive to the costs of pamidronate and pathologic fractures that were asymptomatic or treated conservatively.
Risk factors in readmission of patients with community-acquired pneumonia discharged from the emergency department
Authors: Emma Vázquez-Espinosa, Rosa Mar Gómez-Punter, Jose Andrés Gª Romero de Tejada, Javier Aspa Marco, Olga Rajas Naranjo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Correct management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Emergency Department (ED) is essential in outcome.  Objective: To determine factors associated with worse outcome in discharged CAP patients from ED and readmission.  Material and Methods  Retrospective study. 210 patients included. September/10-January/12. Variables included: clinical characteristics, comorbidities, vaccination, antibiotic therapy before admission and at discharge, causes of readmission. Statistical analysis: SPSS19.  Results:  Mean age 52 yrs. 54% women. 26% were vaccinated with flu vaccine and 16.7% pneumococcal vaccine. 22.4% had received previous antibiotic (47%amoxi-clavulanate). 62% were no tested for Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigen. At discharge, 67% patients received levofloxacin, 10% moxifloxacin, 13% amoxi-clavulanate and 7% amoxicillin-clavulanate plus azithromycin. 5.7% of patients were readmitted, showing statistically significance in: lower pO2 57.4(p=0.01), higher GPT 97(p=0.03), higher HCO 3  28(p=0.04), heart rate higher than 78.5(p=0,00), respiratory rate 20.2 (p=0.02), multilobar CAP 33.3%(p=0.04), 91.7% were classified in Fine1-3(p=0.04). Patients that remained under observation 24 hours after diagnosis, were statistically significance in: age(p=0.09), Charlson index(p=0.00), urea(p=0.03), p02(p=0.02), respiratory rate(p=0.01), To(p=0.03), S0 2 (p=0.00), gender(p=0.03), alcohol intake(p=0.00), coronary disease(p=0.01), renal disease(p=0.04), Fine 3-4(p=0.00), CURB 65 1-2(p=0.01).  Conclusions:  -Low SatO2, high levels of GPT, high heart and respiratory rates, multilobar CAP Fine 1-3 are risk factors to readmission.  -Patients under observation had higher Charlson and Fine3-4.
Epimorphin expression during human foetal hair follicle development
Authors: None Akiyama, None Amagai, None Smith, None Hashimoto, None Shimizu, None Nishikawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Epimorphin is a mesenchymal protein expressed in several organs and known to have an essential role in epithelial tissue organization, including hair follicle morphogenesis, in mice. Although about 90% homology has been reported between human and mouse epimorphin exon sequences, there is no information about expression and function of epimorphin in hair follicle development in humans. In order to elucidate the expression pattern of epimorphin in human hair follicle morphogenesis and to compare it with the distribution of tenascin and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), skin samples from human foetuses of a series of estimated gestational ages (EGAs) (46–168 days EGA) were studied using monoclonal anti-epimorphin antibody MC-1, anti-tenascin antibody and anti-human NCAM antibody. Epimorphin was detected in the mesenchymal cell condensation at the pregerm stage (< 75 days EGA), and there was strong expression of epimorphin in the perifollicular mesenchymal cells around the hair germ (75–84 days EGA). At the hair peg stage (85–104 days EGA), epimorphin was around the hair peg with the strongest staining in the neck portion. This sequence of staining patterns was similar to that of tenascin. In the bulbous hair peg (105–134 days EGA), the perifollicular dermal mesenchymal cells were evenly positive for epimorphin. Mesenchymal cells underneath the follicle bulb prior to formation of the dermal papilla were also positive for epimorphin. In the lanugo hair follicle (> 134 days EGA), dermal papilla cells expressed epimorphin as well as tenascin and NCAM. These results indicate that epimorphin expression is closely linked to developing hair follicles in human foetuses. This suggests that epimorphin may have an important part in induction of morphogenesis during human foetal hair follicle development.
The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Mario M. Zaiss, Alexis Rapin, Luc Lebon, Lalit Kumar Dubey, Ilaria Mosconi, Kerstin Sarter, Alessandra Piersigilli, Laure Menin, Alan W. Walker, Jacques Rougemont, Oonagh Paerewijck, Peter Geldhof, Kathleen D. McCoy, Andrew J. Macpherson, John Croese, Paul R. Giacomin, Alex Loukas, Tobias Junt, Benjamin J. Marsland, Nicola L. Harris
Journal: Immunity (2015)

Highlights•The microbiota contributes to helminth-induced modulation of allergic asthma•Cecal microbial communities are altered in helminth-infected mice•Helminth infection increases microbial-derived short chain fatty acids•GPR41 mediates helminth-induced Treg cell suppressor functionSummaryIntestinal helminths are potent regulators of their host's immune system and can ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. In the present study we have assessed whether this anti-inflammatory activity was purely intrinsic to helminths, or whether it also involved crosstalk with the local microbiota. We report that chronic infection with the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) altered the intestinal habitat, allowing increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Transfer of the Hpb-modified microbiota alone was sufficient to mediate protection against allergic asthma. The helminth-induced anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and regulatory T cell suppressor activity that mediated the protection required the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)-41. A similar alteration in the metabolic potential of intestinal bacterial communities was observed with diverse parasitic and host species, suggesting that this represents an evolutionary conserved mechanism of host-microbe-helminth interactions.
Effect of inhaled hypertonic saline solution to treat infants hospitalized with viral bronchiolitis
Authors: J. Teunissen, A.H.J. Hochs, A.A.P. Vaessen-Verberne, A.L.M. Boehmer, C.C.J.M. Smeets, H.J.L. Brackel, R. van Gent, J. Wesseling, R. de Moor, P.P. Rosias, S. Potgieter, R.P. Droog, J.J.E. Hendriks, D. Logtens-Stevens, M.L.G. Janssen-Heijnen, B.F. Loza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Background and aims:  At present only symptomatic treatment is available for acute viral bronchiolitis, none of these are evidence-based. Recent trials show a reduction in hospital stay after inhalation of 3% hypertonic saline solution. This randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional multicenter trial, performed at 12 Dutch hospitals, compares nebulization with hypertonic saline, either a 3% or 6%, with 0.9% isotonic saline. The primary end point is the time to discharge, aiming to achieve a 25% reduction in hospital stay.   Methods:  Children younger than two years with clinical diagnosis of viral bronchiolitis, not responding to a single inhalation with Salbutamol may be included after informed parental consent. Trial medication will be nebulized three times daily until discharge criteria are met. Calculated power of 80% requires totally 156 patients.   Results:  The analysis was performed on the data of 160 patients, all included in the seasons 2009-january 2011. Patient characteristics and the number of exclusions didn9t differ significantly. The duration of hospital stay, need for tube feeding and supplemental oxygen shows no significant difference, but there9s a trend that 3% seems tob e more effective than the other 2 concentrations.   Conclusions:  Preliminary analysis showed no significant reduction in hospital stay but a trend that 3% hypertonic saline is the most effective regarding duration of hospital stay, need for supplemental oxygen and tube feeding. The use of 6% hypertonic saline seems safe but has no additional benefit even compared with 0,9%. More research will be necessary to clear up this trend.
Levodopa-induced psychosis: a kindling phenomenon
Authors: C Moskovitz, H Moses, H L Klawans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Of 88 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, without prior psychotic symptoms, and without significant dementia, nearly half had experienced vivid dreams, hallucinations, illusions, and nonconfusional as well as confusional psychoses as side effects of chronic levodopa therapy within the previous year of treatment. It was found that 61.3% of all hallucinations were associated with preexistent or concurrent vivid dream phenomena, that all psychotic states were associated with preexistent or concurrent vivid dreams and/or hallucinations, and that nonconfusional psychotic states tended to become confusional. These findings raise the possibility that chronic levodopa therapy may result in dopaminergic kindling and support the hypothesis that chronic dopaminergic agonism may, via such a kindling mechanism, play a role in the development of some types of psychoses.
Challenging Cases and Diagnostic Dilemmas
Authors: J.B. Bomanji, R. Syed, C. Brock, P. Jankowska, A. Dogan, D.C. Costa, P.J. Ell, S.M. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.15.3347 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12149309 Challenging Cases and Diagnostic Dilemmas Case 2. Pitfalls of Positron Emission Tomography for Assessing Residual Mediastinal Mass After Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease J.B. BomanjixJ.B. BomanjiSearch for articles by this author , R. SyedxR. SyedSearch for articles by this author , C. BrockxC. BrockSearch for articles by this author , P. JankowskaxP. JankowskaSearch for articles by this author , A. DoganxA. DoganSearch for articles by this author , D.C. CostaxD.C. CostaSearch for articles by this author , P.J. EllxP.J. EllSearch for articles by this author , S.M. LeexS.M. LeeSearch for articles by this author Show More Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Meyerstein Institute of Oncology, Middlesex Hospital, London, United Kingdom https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.15.3347 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology