tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Alzheimer's Society, drug manufacturers, and public trust
Authors: Iain Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Introduction:</b> People with COPD have a higher prevalence of pain and a greater risk of falls than healthy people of the same age. Whilst pain has been linked to falls in older adults without COPD, its possible role has not been investigated in individuals with COPD. <b>Aim:</b> We aimed to explore the association between comorbid pain and incident falls in people with COPD. <b>Methods:</b> Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Comorbid pain was assessed on a 4-point scale based on responses to the items “are you often troubled by pain?” and “how bad is the pain most of the time? Is it… mild, moderate or severe?”. Falls were self-reported and we constructed an ordinal outcome of no falls, falls not requiring treatment, and falls requiring “medical treatment” within a 24-month follow up period. The association between the primary exposure (pain) and outcome (falls) was modelled using generalised ordinal logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age, wealth, education, and BMI, with a categorical variable identifying individuals with COPD. Odds were converted to predicted probabilities of falling. For this exploration, we conducted a complete case analysis only (n=7627 total; n=883 COPD). <b>Results:</b> <b>Conclusions:</b> The predicted probability of falling increases across pain categories in individuals with COPD.
Health of the Public
Authors: Jonathan Showstack
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The rapid growth of managed care poses challenges and opportunities for the health of the public. The fundamental risk is that both mission and accountability will be defined too narrowly; the opportunity lies in broadening both. What would a socially responsible managed care system look like? Such a system would provide excellent individual care to its enrollees, yet it would also include programs and activities that address broader populations and policies. We propose 8 attributes of such a system that can be used as a guide by managed care systems and to judge whether a managed care system is a responsible, accountable, and responsive contributor to the health of its community. As the role of the public sector shrinks, the private sector must expand its responsibility. It is both prudent and reasonable for managed care systems to seize their unique opportunity to improve the health of the public.
A Comparison of the Early Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men
Authors: Roberto Malacrida, Michele Genoni, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Vito Spataro, Sarah Parish, Alison Palmer, Rory Collins, Tiziano Moccetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In previous studies, unadjusted comparisons of mortality and major morbidity after acute myocardial infarction have generally indicated that women have a poorer outcome than men. Much larger studies are needed, with more complete adjustment for coexisting conditions, to determine whether this difference is explained by the older age of the women studied or by the presence of other unfavorable prognostic factors, or both.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Weiyu Ye, Joseph M. Norris
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Seasonal modulation of the circadian time structure of circulating T and natural killer lymphocyte subsets from healthy subjects.
Authors: F A Lévi, C Canon, Y Touitou, A Reinberg, G Mathé
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A seasonal modulation of the circadian time structure of circulating T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte subtypes was documented in five healthy men aged 24-36 yr. Venous blood was obtained every 4 h for 24 h from each subject in January, March, June, August, and November 1984. Three subjects were also studied in April and/or August and/or November 1983 for the T subsets only. Mononuclear cells were isolated on Ficoll-Paque gradient and aliquots were incubated with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, or HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies for characterizing all, T, T helper, T suppressor-cytotoxic, and NK lymphocytes, respectively, under an epifluorescence microscope. An effect of both sampling time and study month was statistically validated (P less than 0.01) with both two-way analysis of variance and cosinor for the peripheral counts in total, pan-T, T helper, and NK lymphocytes (cells per cubic millimeter). Seasonal changes affected both the circadian patterns and the 24-h mean values. Thus the double amplitude (total extent of variation) of the circadian rhythm in circulating total, T and T helper lymphocytes varied between 0 in March (P greater than 0.30; no rhythm) and up to 46-68% of the 24-h-mean (M) in November, with acrophases (times of maximum, 0) localized in the first half of the night (P less than 0.001). Maximal values were found at 8:30 h for both T suppressor-cytotoxic and NK lymphocytes; a smaller second peak was also found at 20:30 h, and a 12-h rhythm was validated by cosinor (P less than 0.0001), with no patient change in waveform along the year scale. A circannual rhythm was statistically validated by cosinor for total (0 in November), pan-T (0 in March), T suppressor-cytotoxic (0 in December), and NK lymphocytes (0 in October). A rhythm with a period equal to 6 mo was found for circulating T helper cells with 0 occurring both in April and October. Seasonal variations in the incidence of several immunologically related diseases may correspond to an endogenous circannual time structure.
Electron probe microanalysis in the study of gallstones.
Authors: J M Been, P M Bills, D Lewis
Journal: Gut (1977)

Detailed information on the structure and composition of gallstones was obtained using an electron probe microanalyser in conjunction with the other methods. Gallstones were studied layer by layer without greatly disturbing the arrangement of the materials present. Elements, including trace elements such as copper, iron, and manganese, were identified and their distributions mapped. The range of the method was extended to determine the character and distribution of certain chemical groups present by treating sections of gallstone with reagents which contained easily detected elements. The nature of the bonding of the sulphur in the stones was studied by examining the sulphur-X-ray spectrum. Pigmented sulphur-containing deposits were found to contain sulphur in a low valence state but taurine conjugates and the sulphate groups of mucosubstances were not detected. Microcrystalline apatite present in the stones contained some manganese and seemed to be implicated in the absorption of the low valence sulphur compound and in the nucleation of some stones.
Drugs and Society
Authors: Vincent J. Gagliardi
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Describing the scientific disciplines and social framework related to drugs, this book is both timely and informative—timely, in that much of what the author discusses is currently being reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, and informative, in that readers can learn more about the totality of drug development and usage than is currently available in one volume. On research, the author describes traditional types of drug studies and the need for less repetition and more emphasis on newer methodologies designed to more accurately define drug and nondrug factors and predictions of response. He also discusses differences in the European and American approaches to discovery and testing and the relative roles taken by government, universities, and industry. On communications, he explains aspects of drug advertising and pharmaceutical representatives, the effectiveness and practicality of standard pharmacopoeia and handbooks, medical journals, and governmental
Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type, With Bilateral Intraocular Involvement and Infiltration to the CNS
Authors: Sima Rozati, Werner Kempf, Sonja Ostheeren-Michaelis, Beata Bode-Lesniewska, Dieter R. Zimmermann, Reinhard Dummer, Antonio Cozzio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)
Significance of Skeletal Uptake Detected on Radionuclide Renal Perfusion Studies
Authors: LIONEL S. ZUCKIER, HEIDI S. WEISSMANN, LUBOV KAPLUN, IRVING SCHLOSSBERG, MARIE F. GADE, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Since the introduction of Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals, flow studies have become a useful and readily performed component of renal nuclear medicine examinations. In addition to detecting aberrations of renal perfusion, a number of extrarenal abnormalities may also be surreptitiously detected. Three cases of hyperperfused skeleton, an extremely unusual finding which complements two previous reports in the literature, have recently been observed. All three of the patients, as well as the two previously described, had underlying neoplastic abnormalities. The appearance of perfused skeleton should therefore be recognized as suggesting the presence of underlying neoplastic disease. Considerable interest as to the etiology and magnitude of the increased skeletal perfusion exists. Measurements of normal marrow and osseous perfusion have been reviewed in order to better appreciate the magnitude of increase required for skeletal visualization on renal flow studies. Some considerations as to the etiology of this increase are offered.
Detection of human cytomegalovirus antigenaemia: a rapid diagnostic technique for predicting cytomegalovirus infection/pneumonitis in lung and heart transplant recipients.
Authors: J J Egan, L Barber, J Lomax, A Fox, N Yonan, A N Rahman, C S Campbell, A K Deiraniya, K B Carroll, J Craske
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--New rapid diagnostic techniques offer the opportunity of early diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised patients at risk of developing CMV disease. The use of human CMV antigenaemia as a predictor of clinical CMV infection and disease in lung and heart transplant recipients was studied prospectively. METHODS--Twenty three heart and nine lung transplant recipients who survived 40 days were observed by standard CMV surveillance with serological testing, culture, and by sequential testing for CMV antigenaemia. CMV antigenaemia testing is a rapid and quantifiable technique in which a viral lower matrix protein is detected in cytospin preparations of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS--Eleven patients developed CMV infection and five developed CMV disease (four pneumonitis, one duodenitis). These clinical events occurred at a median of 65 days following transplantation. CMV antigenaemia occurred in 17 patients at a median of 35 days following transplantation. Detection of CMV antigenaemia had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 93.7%, and a positive predictive value of 94.1% for CMV related illness. CMV antigenaemia was positive at a significant interval before the clinical event. High levels of CMV antigenaemia (&gt; 50 CMV antigen positive cells/2 x 10(5) PMNLs) occurred in 11 patients and five of these developed disease. CMV antigenaemia of &gt; 50 CMV antigen positive cells/2 x 10(5) PMNLs had a positive predictive value of 45.5% for disease but a negative predictive value of 100%. Patients with disease had higher levels of antigenaemia than those without disease. CONCLUSIONS--CMV antigenaemia is a rapid diagnostic technique which can identify patients likely to develop CMV disease, potentially allowing early treatment.
Behaviour of synovial complement C3 and C4 components in inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases, before and after synoviorthesis.
Authors: R Gabay, A Micheli, G H Fallet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The synovial fluid beta1a (C3) and beta1e (C4) expressed by their ratio to corresponding serum concentrations) were studied in 31 cases of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA+), 5 cases of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA-1), and 15 cases of osteoarthrosis (OA) before osmic acid synoviorthesis on knees. This was repeated after synoviorthesis in the synovial fluid (SF) of 24 RA+, 4 RA-, and 10 OA patients. The following studies were undertaken: (a) the relationship between these components; (b) their correlation with the SF protein concentration and rheumatoid factor titre, when present. This analysis led us to the following conclusions. (1) Before synoviorthesis (a) The SF beta1e is significantly lower than beta1a in RA+. In OA, an inverse phenomenon is observed. (b) The concentration of beta1a and beta1e are proportional to the protein concentration in the SF of OA. A significant inverse relationship between beta1a, beta1e, and the titre of rheumatoid factor is found. (2) after synoviorthesis the same studies performed on knees at the time of one or more relapses shows that the same pathogenetic process is involved and that the immunological mechanism is little influenced by this treatment. In OA also the relapse differs very little from the initial process observed before synoviorthesis.
Isolation measures in the hospital management of methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA): systematic review of the literature
Authors: B S Cooper, S P Stone, C C Kibbler, B D Cookson, J A Roberts, G F Medley, G Duckworth, R Lai, S Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of isolation measures in reducing the incidence of methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) colonisation and infection in hospital inpatients. <b>Design</b> Systematic review of published articles. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), and citation lists (1966-2000). <b>Review methods</b> Articles reporting MRSA related outcomes and describing an isolation policy were selected. No quality restrictions were imposed on studies using isolation wards or nurse cohorting. Other studies were included if they were prospective or employed planned comparisons of retrospective data. <b>Results</b> 46 studies were accepted; 18 used isolation wards, nine used nurse cohorting, and 19 used other isolation policies. Most were interrupted time series, with few planned formal prospective studies. All but one reported multiple interventions. Consideration of potential confounders, measures to prevent bias, and appropriate statistical analysis were mostly lacking. No conclusions could be drawn in a third of studies. Most others provided evidence consistent with a reduction of MRSA acquisition. Six long interrupted time series provided the strongest evidence. Four of these provided evidence that intensive control measures including patient isolation were effective in controlling MRSA. In two others, isolation wards failed to prevent endemic MRSA. <b>Conclusion</b> Major methodological weaknesses and inadequate reporting in published research mean that many plausible alternative explanations for reductions in MRSA acquisition associated with interventions cannot be excluded. No well designed studies exist that allow the role of isolation measures alone to be assessed. None the less, there is evidence that concerted efforts that include isolation can reduce MRSA even in endemic settings. Current isolation measures recommended in national guidelines should continue to be applied until further research establishes otherwise.
Government announces advisory team for consultation on NHS constitution
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Several high profile health service and local government representatives are to be part of the committee that will examine the health minister Ara Darzi’s proposed constitution for the NHS. But the BMA says that it is surprised that it has no representation on the group, and intends to write to the Department of Health about it.

Cyril Chantler, a paediatric nephrologist and chairman of Great Ormond Street Hospital, is among the 22 member committee, known as the Constitutional Advisory Forum (CAF). It will advise the Department of Health on how best to engage the public in consultation about the constitution.

The team includes representatives from the …
Gamma Globulin in Hepatitis
Authors: Robert M. Albrecht
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Krugman and his associates deserve congratulations for their study of infectious hepatitis reported inThe Journal, Oct. 15, 1960. However, their statement concerning the optional dose of gamma globulin for the prevention of infectious hepatitis merits discussion. The authors think that 0.01 ml. is perhaps "adequate for the prevention of the mild childhood disease but inadequate for the adult type." On the basis of their experience, and because they could find no published evidence, they believe this dose is not enough for adults. As to their experience with adults in Willowbrook, it was very small, and one may ask if the attendants inoculated and uninoculated with 0.01 ml. were equally exposed to hepatitis. In 1953-1954 the New York State Department of Health studied the families of 2,000 reported patients with infectious hepatitis. Some of the families were inoculated with gamma globulin; others, for various reasons, were
Treatment Choice for Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Risk for AIDS
Authors: Betty Wolder Levin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Many infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are the children of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); they have approximately a 30% risk of infection. To investigate attitudes surrounding treatment for such newborns, we conducted a survey of professionals at six neonatal intensive care units in New York City. A significant proportion of the 247 respondents recommended less aggressive treatment for non-HIV-related conditions for infants at risk for HIV compared with those not at risk. For example, 97% of respondents recommended open heart surgery for an infant with no known HIV risk but only 77% recommended surgery for an infant whose mother had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; if certain the infant was infected, 42% of respondents recommended surgery. We conclude that perceived HIV status may influence decision making about treatment for non-HIV-related conditions for critically ill patients, including infants not actually infected. Ethical issues concerning the relevance of HIV status need to be examined.
Russian and US Researchers Develop 'Biochips' for Faster, Inexpensive Biomedical Tests
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

RUSSIAN AND US researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill, are working together to develop tiny "biochips" that may revolutionize the way laboratories decode DNA sequences and perform pathologic studies and clinical tests. According to the researchers, thousands of biochemical sensors for various DNA sequences, antibodies, peptides, or other biomedically significant markers can be packed onto a single biochip the size of an electronic microchip and read automatically by computer. The project is headed by Andrei D. Mirzabekov, PhD, director of Argonne's Human Genome Project in the Center for Mechanistic Biology and also director of the Russian Academy of Sciences' W. A. Englehardt Institute of Molecular Biology in Moscow. Mirzabekov, who is dividing his time equally between the two centers, says the biochip was developed to greatly speed up the international effort to sequence the entire human genome. However, its applications are more far-reaching. For example, the technology can be
An Unusual Sensitivity Reaction to Penicillin
Authors: Robert M. Berne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

SINCE the time that penicillin came into general clinical use, a wide variety of sensitivity reactions have been seen. Earlier reports were of reactions to aqueous penicillin, but Rosellini and van Rooy1 and more recently Burt and Caplan2 have reported delayed reactions to penicillin given in oil and wax. However, in neither of these cases is there any direct evidence that the vehicle was responsible, although the patient described by Burt and Caplan was sensitive to ragweed and the authors suggest the possibility that the beeswax contained a pollen antigen.Despite the numerous reactions, to date only 4 deaths have . . .