tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
762. Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage Repair Mechanism Potentiates the Synergistic Efficacy of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viral Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Prasad S. Adusumilli, Mei-Ki Chan, David P. Eisenberg, Zhenkun Yu, Karen Hendershott, Ting-Chao Chou, Valerie W. Rusch, Yuman Fong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: NV1066, a replication-competent oncolytic herpes simplex virus attenuated by deletion of the viral replicative gene |[gamma]|134.5, preferentially replicates in and kills malignant cells. |[gamma]|134.5 codes for the protein ICP 34.5, which is homologous to the cisplatin-induced stress response protein GADD34 (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 34). We hypothesize that cisplatin-induced GADD34 upregulation enhances viral replication and potentiates NV1066 efficacy.
HEPARIN AND ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: M. J. Binder
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Hyman Engelberg discussed our article on heparin and angina and made several statements that require amplification (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>152</b>:474 [May 30] 1953). His statement that "nearly all" of our patients had had angina for five years is inaccurate. In our article, we stated that this was true of the "majority" (over 50%). His statement that angina of this duration would be associated with "probably markedly calcific vessels" must remain a surmise, in the absence of anatomic confirmation. We are surprised that he considers angina of this duration a disqualifying feature, since he reported on 27 patients (<i>Am. J. M. Sc.</i><b>224</b>:487, 1952), 12 of whom had had angina for four or more years. He reported improvement with heparin in 7 (58%) of these 12 patients and in 10 (66%) of the remaining 15 patients. The difference has no statistical validity and does
Microscopic Tumor Burden in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Predicts Synchronous Nonsentinel Lymph Node Involvement in Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Robert H.I. Andtbacka, Victor G. Prieto, Marcella M. Johnson, A. Hafeez Diwan, Jeffrey E. Lee, Paul F. Mansfield, Janice N. Cormier, Christopher W. Schacherer, Merrick I. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose We and others have demonstrated that additional positive lymph nodes (LNs) are identified in only 8% to 33% of patients with melanoma who have positive sentinel LNs (SLNs) and undergo complete therapeutic LN dissection (cTLND). We sought to determine predictors of additional regional LN involvement in patients with positive SLNs. Patients and Methods Patients with clinically node-negative melanoma who underwent SLN biopsy (1991 to 2003) and had positive SLNs were identified. Clinicopathologic factors, including extent of microscopic disease within SLNs, were evaluated as potential predictors of positive non-SLNs. Results Overall, 359 (16.3%) of the 2,203 patients identified had a positive SLN. Positive non-SLNs were identified in 48 (14.0%) of the 343 patients with positive SLNs who underwent cTLND. On univariate analysis, several measures of SLN microscopic tumor burden, one versus three or more SLNs harvested, tumor thickness more than 2 mm, age older than 50 years, and Clark level higher than III were predictive of positive non-SLNs; primary tumor ulceration and number of positive SLNs had no apparent impact. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, measures of SLN microscopic tumor burden were the most significant independent predictors of positive non-SLNs; tumor thickness more than 2 mm and number of SLNs harvested also predicted additional disease. A model was developed that stratified patients according to their risk for non-SLN involvement. Conclusion In melanoma patients with positive SLNs, SLN tumor burden, primary tumor thickness, and number of SLNs harvested may be useful in identifying a group at low risk for positive non-SLNs and be spared the potential morbidity of a cTLND.
Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter during Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth among Women in New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 2000–2005
Authors: Kristen M. Rappazzo, Julie L. Daniels, Lynne C. Messer, Charles Poole, Danelle T. Lobdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been variably associated with preterm birth (PTB).Objective: We classified PTB into four categories (20–27, 28–31, 32–34, and 35–36 weeks completed gestation) and estimated risk differences (RDs) for each category in association with a 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during each week of gestation.Methods: We assembled a cohort of singleton pregnancies that completed ≥ 20 weeks of gestation during 2000–2005 using live birth certificate data from three states (Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New Jersey) (n = 1,940,213; 8% PTB). We estimated mean PM2.5 exposures for each week of gestation from monitor-corrected Community Multi-Scale Air Quality modeling data. RDs were estimated using modified Poisson linear regression and adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, marital status, education, age, and ozone.Results: RD estimates varied by exposure window and outcome period. Average PM2.5 exposure during the fourth week of gestation was positively associated with all PTB outcomes, although magnitude varied by PTB category [e.g., for a 1-μg/m3 increase, RD = 11.8 (95% CI: –6, 29.2); RD = 46 (95% CI: 23.2, 68.9); RD = 61.1 (95% CI: 22.6, 99.7); and RD = 28.5 (95% CI: –39, 95.7) for preterm births during 20–27, 28–31, 32–34, and 35–36 weeks, respectively]. Exposures during the week of birth and the 2 weeks before birth also were positively associated with all PTB categories.Conclusions: Exposures beginning around the time of implantation and near birth appeared to be more strongly associated with PTB than exposures during other time periods. Because particulate matter exposure is ubiquitous, evidence of effects of PM2.5 exposure on PTB, even if small in magnitude, is cause for concern.Citation: Rappazzo KM, Daniels JL, Messer LC, Poole C, Lobdell DT. 2014. Exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth among women in New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 2000–2005. Environ Health Perspect 122:992–997; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307456
Treatment of Mental Disorders with Frontal Stereotaxic Thermolesions. A Follow-up Study of 116 Cases
Authors: Walter Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This investigation in psychosurgery is aimed at eliminating one of the variables, namely, the location of the lesions. The stereotaxic method of Leksell produces thermocoagulative lesions in the frontal lobes with great precision, as shown by the roentgenograms. The author of this monograph examined personally most of the patients and repeatedly examined 44 of them at intervals up to 2 years. The numerous tables deal, not only with the types of patients, but also with special symptoms and their response to the standard lesions—working capacity, side effects, and so forth. Almost every phase has been covered. It is rather incongruous to note that while tension and anxiety are the symptoms at the top of the list in degree of relief, yet the patients with anxiety neuroses had, on the whole, the poorest outcome when judged by later performance and by the patient's subjective condition. Psychological tests showed general improvement in
Associative learning: A generalisation too far
Authors: Martin Redington
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

I argue that Perruchet &amp; Vinter's claim that representations are conscious, and processes unconscious, gives too much ground to the cognitive unconscious; and that the boundary between conscious and unconscious mental phenomena is unlikely to fall neatly along these lines. I also propose that in the absence of more detailed models that demonstrably provide a reasonable account of the data, claims that associative mechanisms may underlie all cognition are premature.
A NEW INGUINAL BANDAGE.
Authors: JAMES CHAMBERS PRYOR
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Several years ago the writer commenced using a bandage which he originated—so far as he knows—and which has at times been called the "Pryor bandage." <h3>METHOD OF APPLICATION.</h3> Standing in front of the patient, and holding a strip of two or three inch roller muslin bandage, two and one-half yards long, and the dressing being in place, the bandage is applied as follows: Apply the middle of the strip of bandage to patient's vertebral column at the waist. Carry ends of bandage forward about the waist. Holding the extremities taut, carry one end entirely around the other, making a "round turn" or an "elbow hitch." The result resembles an X with one of its component parts completely wrapped around the other. After twisting it as described, carry the inner extremity inside and the outer extremity outside the thigh and unite the ends with a knot, safety pin or other appliance.
KAPOSI'S VARICELLIFOKM ERUPTION.*
Authors: W. HERBERT BROWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article KAPOSI'S VARICELLIFOKM ERUPTION. Get access W. HERBERT BROWN, M.D. W. HERBERT BROWN, M.D. Dermatologist, Victoria Infirmary and Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 1, 1 January 1934, Pages 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb11117.x Published: 01 January 1934
Netherlands remains top of European health index
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Elevated Cardiac enzymes are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A significant subset of patients referred to the cardiac service has raised troponin levels and normal coronary angiography. This subset is distinctive from patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI). It includes patients with no active medical conditions who present with clinical and electrocardiographic features similar to that of acute coronary syndrome. In this report we describe a cohort of patients, in whom the diagnosis of type 1 myocardial infarction was very likely, but subsequently had normal angiogram. <h3>Purpose of study</h3> The aim of the study is to identify a diagnostic approach for patients who display features of MI with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery pathology. <h3>Methods</h3> The study included all patients with suspected with MI (STEMI or NSTEMI) with raised troponin, abnormal ECG and normal coronary angiography who attended the PCI centre at the University Hospital Limerick between September 2015 to January 2016. All patients received the standard diagnostic pathway of acute coronary syndrome. Data collected included baseline characteristics, ECG on presentation, laboratory profile, Grace score, cardiac imaging results, recurrence of symptoms and hospital readmission over 3–6 months period. All patients included in this study had normal coronary angiogram. <h3>Result</h3> A total of 26 patients included in this study, 13 (50%) patients were men and the mean age was 51 years old. 6.7 (26.9%) patients presented as STEMI while 19 (73.0%) patients had ST segment depression on presenting ECG. Mean troponin level on admission was 285.9 ng/dl with mean Grace score of 100.04. 69% of the patients had normal EF on Echocardiogram and 11 (42%) patients had cardiac MRI (CMR) and one patient under went optical coherence tomography (OCT) during coronary angiography. Confirmed diagnosis post-appropriate investigations included acute myocarditis (34.6%), acute myocardial ischemia on CMR (15.3%), Takotsubo syndrome (7.6%), pulmonary embolus (3.8%), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (11.5%) and severe aortic stenosis (3.8%). 4 (15.3%) patients had recurrent hospital admission with similar presentation while 84% had experienced no further symptoms or hospital admission. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Establishing a definitive diagnosis in patients with raised troponin and normal coronary angiogram is challenging, but using imaging modalities such as CMR and OCT provides a valuable insight to guide diagnosis and management. Acute myocarditis is the most common cause of raised troponin and normal angiogram in this cohort.
Mast cell activation and degranulation promotes renal fibrosis in experimental unilateral ureteric obstruction
Authors: Shaun A. Summers, Poh-yi Gan, Lakshi Dewage, Frank T. Ma, Joshua D. Ooi, Kim M. O'Sullivan, David J. Nikolic-Paterson, A. Richard Kitching, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Remarks on a Case of Simple Stricture of the Common Bile-Duct, Causing Jaundice and Ascites
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1880)

Augut i I88o.4-.Vz 1 7.*the battle-field and ship, at whatever risk, amid th.e roar of artillery andthe rage of the fight,.Thinik, too, of the eminent professors of medical science who, by arduous worlk and laborious research, bring before the, learners of our profession.theresults of their investigations, and direct their studies and, as teachers, send out year by year pupils who, having availed
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials and Visually Evoked Potentials in Young Patients With IDDM
Authors: Rainer Seidl, Robert Birnbacher, Erwin Hauser, Günther Bernert, Michael Freilinger, Edith Schober
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To investigate whether young IDDM patients develop central nervous dysfunction and to establish a possible relationship with various disease parameters.Thirty-two patients, aged 13.5 +/- 2 years, with disease duration of 6 +/- 2.6 years and age of onset of 7.7 +/- 3.2 years (group 1), and 21 patients with short-term disease, age 9.7 +/- 3.5 years, duration of disease < 2 years and age of onset of 9.4 +/- 3.3 years (group 2) were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Exclusion criteria were clinical signs of neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, or hearing impairment. Neurophysiological studies included auditory and visually evoked potentials (EPs).Patients in group 1 revealed increased P100 latencies of visually EPs (103.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 96.8 +/- 3.7 ms) and interpeak latencies I-V of auditory EPs (4.16 +/- 0.10 vs. 3.99 +/- 0.09 ms) and had abnormal latencies (values outside 2.5 SD) in 37%. However, short-term patients (group 2) had results within normal limits compared with control subjects. In group 1, longer disease duration and younger age at onset correlated with an increase of P100 latency (P < 0.001) and IPL I-V (P < 0.001). Patients with a history of severe hypoglycemic episodes had increased latencies compared with patients without hypoglycemia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, metabolic control during the last 2 years was related to P100 latencies (P < 0.05).EPs noninvasively detect subclinical central nervous system involvement in children and adolescents with IDDM. Most important risk factors are duration of disease and frequency of severe hypoglycemia.
Influence of the Renaissance on English Medicine
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1945)

of the Barbers' Company, four times Master of the Barber- Surgeons' Company, and Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hos- pital, flourished as England's leading surgeon from 1527 to 1562.His life was passed in stirring times.A new world had been discovered by Columbus.Vicary saw the convulsive change produced by the Reformation and the dissolution of the monasteries, the fires at Smithfield and Oxford smoking with the blood of the martyrs, and above all he experienced the influence of the Renaissance and the birth of freedom of thought, individual initiative and action which guided him in his work for British surgery.It was in the times of Thomas Vicary, then, that a new spirit arose in national thought ; and amid a despotic rule, much oppression, and injustice it is possible to trace advances in medicine and surgery, in public health, in social medicine, and in culture and education.How the " New Learning" came to England It was not until the value of Greek thought became manifest to the practical Englishman that the influence of the Renaissance became widespread.This heritage was brought to England from Italy by a band of Oxford men known as the Hitmaniists.The teaching of Colet, Grocyn, and Linacre, together with the young Thomas More, made Oxford famous as a seat of learn- ing.Bishop Fox in 1516 founded Corpus Christi College at Oxford in the interests of the new learning, and John Fisher promoted the spread of Hellenic thought at Cambridge.Once the new learning was established in the uiniversities it influenced national thought and practice.' England in Tudor TimesThe period of the Middle Ages, it has been remarked, had a childlike simplicity of outlook: it experienced extremes of joy and misery; everything was either black or white.It reverenced authority-that of the Church in religion, of the aristocracy in politics, of Aristotle, Galen, Pliny, and Pythagoras in science; it was inconsequent and thoughtless, and loved glitter and display.The England of Thomas Vicary's time was the nation's adolescence.2Under Henry VII trade and manufactures, especially the woollen industry, were encouraged.The wealtlh in the country increased, but it was in the hands of a new and powerful class that of the traders.Queen Anne Boleyn's grandfather was a London merchant, and the most powerful Ministers employed by a Tudor king were Wolsey, the son of an Ipswich grazier.and Cromwell, the son of a Putney blacksmith.The old villeinage or serfdom had gone.In the demanid for wool the landlords found it more profitable to convert their waste and tilled land into pasture land for sheep.In the words of Thomas More,3 " they thrust husbandmen out of their own and made sheep consume, destroy and devour whole fields, houses and cities."This caused much discontent and unemployment,
CEREBRAL EDEMA AND ITS RELATION TO BARBITURIC ACID POISONING
Authors: Lloyd H. Mousel
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The clinical courses of patients who have undergone severe episodes of anoxia are similar. Severity of symptoms and pathological changes depend on the amount of oxygen supplied to the vital organs, the ability of the vital organs to utilize the available oxygen, and the susceptibility of the person to anoxic insults. Courville<sup>1</sup>gave a complete and classic description of the clinical course and pathological findings in persons who had suffered acute oxygen lack. World War II stimulated interest and investigations in respiratory and circulatory physiology because of the need for high altitude flying. This more than any other factor stimulated a widespread interest in oxygen demand and supply. It changed the pattern of our thinking and emphasized the disastrous results of even mild anoxia. We began to understand that even slightly diminished oxygen tension could cause mental confusion and unconsciousness and also that severer lack of oxygen could result
Blimp-1 Orchestrates Plasma Cell Differentiation by Extinguishing the Mature B Cell Gene Expression Program
Authors: A.L. Shaffer, Kuo-I Lin, Tracy C. Kuo, Xin Yu, Elaine M. Hurt, Andreas Rosenwald, Jena M. Giltnane, Liming Yang, Hong Zhao, Kathryn Calame, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Non-HDL Cholesterol Contributes to the “Hypertriglyceridemic Waist” as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Authors: Griët Bos, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Robert J. Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Lemieux et al. (1) described the “hypertriglyceridemic waist” as a marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia, hyperapolipoprotein B, and small, dense LDL) in men. In 287 men, those with a waist circumference ≥90 cm and with triglyceride levels ≥2 mmol/l had an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI 1.17–10.93) for having angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease compared with those with smaller waists and lower triglyceride concentrations. We recently reported (2) the predictive value of non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations for 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence in the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study of glucose tolerance. …
Metabolic Profiling Detects Field Effects in Nondysplastic Tissue from Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Danny Yakoub, Hector C. Keun, Robert Goldin, George B. Hanna
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The variable rate of missed cancer in endoscopic biopsies and lack of other biomarkers reduce the effectiveness of surveillance programs in esophageal cancer. Based on the "field cancerization" hypothesis that tumors arise within a transformed field with an altered biochemical phenotype, we sought to test if metabolic profiling could differentiate between histologically normal tissue from individuals with and without esophageal cancer. Thirty-five patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and 52 age-matched controls participated in the study. Using 1H magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intact tissue, we generated metabolic profiles of tumor tissue, proximal histologically normal mucosa from cancer patients (PHINOM), and proximal histologically normal mucosa from a control group. Using multivariate regression and receiver-operator characteristic analysis, we identified a panel of metabolites discriminating malignant and histologically normal tissues from cancer patients and from that of controls. Whereas 26% and 12% of the spectral profile regions were uniquely discriminating tumor or control tissue, respectively, 5% of the profile exhibited a significant progressive change in signal intensity from controls to PHINOM to tumor. Regions identified were assigned to phosphocholine (PC), glutamate (Glu), myo-inositol, adenosine-containing compounds, uridine-containing compounds, and inosine. In particular, the PC/Glu ratio in histologically normal tissue signified the presence of esophageal cancer (n=123; area under the curve, 0.84; P<0.001). In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis of the presence of metabonomic field effects in esophageal cancer, even in non-Barrett's segments. This indicates that metabolic profiling of tissue can potentially play a role in the surveillance of cancer by reporting on the phenotypic consequences of field cancerization.
Teaching Diagnostic Skills
Authors: Osler L. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

MEDICAL educators have been bemused by aphorisms about Mark Hopkins and one student on a log, or about the exciting qualities that a physician's research lends to his teaching. During the past few years, when some members of medical faculties have espoused education as a specialty (as the title of Dr. Ham's article indicates), discussions of the learning process have become more sophisticated. There has been increased emphasis on elements of effective teaching such as the need for careful definition of educational goals and planning, effective execution and proper attention to subject sequence and to reinforcement of students' learning.Medical . . .