tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Screening Program on Changing Patterns of Lead Poisoning
Authors: Henrietta K. Sachs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

A biphase program of screening and treating high-risk children for lead poisoning resulted in a 30% fall in mean lead values in the target areas over a 5-year period. The mean and median for subjects under 6 years was 4-10 mug/100 ml higher than for those over 6. Median for a high incidence area was 42 mug/100 ml in 1967 and 30.0 in 1971; for a low incidence area, 33 and 20 mug/100 ml in the equivalent years. Ingestion of lead paint was observed or demonstrated by x-ray in 90% of 2200 patients treated in the Lead Clinic. Gross neurologic sequelae were limited to two cases of mild, persistent ataxia. Impaired intellectual performance was observed subsequently in several asymptomatic patients with initial blood lead levels (PbB) >/= 100 mug/100 ml.
The Synovial Membrane: Some Observations in Normal and Arthritic Human Joints
Authors: K. Maunsell, F. Wrigley, T. C. Highton, L. B. Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

Little is known concerning the behaviour of the normal human synovia owing to the difficulty of obtaining normal synovial fluid for study.In particular, it is not known whether or not the human joint, normal or diseased, allows natural antibodies or acquired immune antibodies to pass into the synovial fluid.Such information is clearly of importance in arriving at a correct understanding of such pathological processes as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory arthritis of other origin, and we have therefore investigated normal and pathological synovial fluids for the presence of natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies, and for acquired immune antibodies such as those developed after diphtheria immunization.To complete the study, we decided to test synovial effusions also for those blood group specific substances known to be secreted in other mucinous secretions of ectodermal and endodermal origin.This research could not have been completed without the generous co-operation of three normal subjects who voluntarily allowed us to conduct experiments upon them, including the withdrawal of synovial fluid, and to these volunteers we wish to express our great indebtedness.Our investigations and results are presented in three sections:
The injection of deaggregated gamma globulins in adult mice induces antigen-specific unresponsiveness of T helper type 1 but not type 2 lymphocytes.
Authors: D De Wit, M Van Mechelen, M Ryelandt, A C Figueiredo, D Abramowicz, M Goldman, H Bazin, J Urbain, O Leo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Injection of adult mice with high doses of monomeric human gamma globulins (dHGG) has been previously shown to produce a state of peripheral tolerance in both B and T cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of induction and maintenance of adult tolerance in this model, we have analyzed the pattern of lymphokines produced by control and tolerant animals in response to the tolerogen. The data presented indicate that HGG-specific, interleukin 2 (IL-2)- and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells (thus referred to as T helper type 1 [Th1] cells) are rendered unresponsive after in vivo administration of soluble HGG. In contrast, antigenic stimulation of T cells isolated from tolerant adult mice leads to increased production of IL-4 in vitro. In vivo challenge of dHGG-treated adult animals with hapten-coupled HGG (p-azophenylarsonate [ARS]-HGG) induced a significant ARS-specific antibody response, suggesting that tolerance induction in this model does not completely abrogate tolerogen-specific Th activity in vivo. In agreement with the in vitro data, hapten-specific antibody response of tolerant animals is characterized by a selective deficiency in the IFN-gamma-dependent IgG2a subclass. Injection of immunogenic forms of HGG into tolerant animals also produced an IL-4-dependent increase in total serum IgE levels, indicative of an increased activity of HGG-specific Th2 cells in these animals. The finding that tolerance induction differentially affects Th subpopulations suggests that crossregulation among lymphocyte subsets may play a role in the induction and/or maintenance of acquired tolerance in adults.
Clinical Significance of Aminopeptidase N in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takahiro Tokuhara, Noboru Hattori, Hisao Ishida, Tatsuya Hirai, Masahiko Higashiyama, Ken Kodama, Masayuki Miyake
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of our study is to investigate the mechanism of metastasis, to detect novel metastasis-associated molecules, and to evaluate the molecules from the point of view of clinical application. A monoclonal antibody MH8-11, which we established, recognizes a glycoprotein that is identical to aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). APN/CD13 degrades the extracellular matrix, while it is also involved in cell motility and improves angiogenesis. Experimental Design: We investigated the expression of APN/CD13 in 194 cases of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by immunohistochemical analyses and reverse transcription-PCR assay to determine the significance of this prognostic factor; 95 tumors were stage I, 36 were stage II, 39 were stage IIIA, and 24 were stage IIIB. Moreover, we investigated that the relationship between the expression of APN/CD13 and angiogenesis and prognosis for patients with NSCLC. Results: We found a correlation between the expression of APN/CD13 and angiogenesis (r = 0.659; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In the 194 patients with NSCLC, we found 68 patients to be APN/CD13+ and 126 patients to be APN/CD13−. The 5-year survival rate in patients with APN/CD13+ tumors was significantly lower than in those whose tumors had negative APN/CD13 (48.3% versus 67.1%; P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Our data suggest the expression of APN/CD13 for patients with NSCLC to be associated with a poor prognosis and angiogenesis. This is the first study to show the relationship between the expression of APN/CD13 and the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. The inhibition of APN/CD13 may be an effective new molecular target therapy for patients with NSCLC.
Hematemesis Caused by Jejunogastric Intussusception
Authors: S. Brynitz, Elisabeth Rubinstein
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

A case of hematemesis caused by jejunal gastric intussusception diagnosed by gastroscopy is presented. The acute form of gastric intussusception is a rare condition after gastric surgery, but it is important to be aware of the remote possibility because of a tremendously high mortality, if treatment is delayed more than 48 hours. The gastroscopic evaluation of the acute type may be extremely difficult, especially after gastric resection, the survey being very poor.
GW25-e5248 PPARγ agonist Pioglitazone Suppresses AngII-induced Inflammation in Cardiac Fibroblast Cells via TLR4-depended Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gao Dengfeng, Zhe Meng, Zhongwei Liu, Xin Dong, Gao Dengfeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
U.S. Sperm Trend: Response
Authors: John Heinze
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

enough data have been presented to indicate that there has not been a substantial change in the numerical aspect of semen quality. Saidi et al. (4), in a recently published review of 29 U.S. studies from the late 1930s to the late 1990s, found no signifi? cant changes in sperm counts during the last 60 years. MacLeod and Wang (3) reviewed all of the U.S. data available up to that time (1979), including data from fertile men as well as from men evaluated at a fertility center. The earliest data on sperm counts in New York City, published in 1938 (5), were on prenatal couples (i.e., men of known fertility); mean counts (137 X 106/mL) from this study are virtually identical to the mean counts (131.5 X 106/mL) reported in the most recent study from New York City published in 1996 (6), which focused on donors to sperm banks (i.e., men of unknown fertility).
α-Latrotoxin Stimulates Exocytosis by the Interaction with a Neuronal G-Protein-Coupled Receptor
Authors: Valery G Krasnoperov, Mary A Bittner, Ronald Beavis, Yanan Kuang, Konstantin V Salnikow, Oleg G Chepurny, Alvin R Little, Alexander N Plotnikov, Dianqing Wu, Ronald W Holz, Alexander G Petrenko
Journal: Neuron (1997)

α-Latrotoxin is a potent stimulator of neurosecretion. Its action requires extracellular binding to high affinity presynaptic receptors. Neurexin Iα was previously described as a high affinity α-latrotoxin receptor that binds the toxin only in the presence of calcium ions. Therefore, the interaction of α-latrotoxin with neurexin Iα cannot explain how α-latrotoxin stimulates neurotransmitter release in the absence of calcium. We describe molecular cloning and functional expression of the calcium-independent receptor of α-latrotoxin (CIRL), which is a second high affinity α-latrotoxin receptor that may be the major mediator of α-latrotoxin's effects. CIRL appears to be a novel orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, a member of the secretin receptor family. In contrast with other known serpentine receptors, CIRL has two subunits of the 120 and 85 kDa that are the result of endogenous proteolytic cleavage of a precursor polypeptide. CIRL is found in brain where it is enriched in the striatum and cortex. Expression of CIRL in chromaffin cells increases the sensitivity of the cells to the effects of α-latrotoxin, demonstrating that this protein is functional in coupling to secretion. Syntaxin, a component of the fusion complex, copurifies with CIRL on an α-latrotoxin affinity column and forms stable complexes with this receptor in vitro. Interaction of CIRL with a specific presynaptic neurotoxin and with a component of the docking-fusion machinery suggests its role in regulation of neurosecretion.
Use and Abuse of Antiseptics
Authors: N. C. Lake
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>Background:</h3> Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a usually chronic disorder accompanied by clinically relevant psychosocial impairment. To date, no psychologically based approach is available to improve the coping strategies and quality of life of RLS sufferers. <h3>Objective:</h3> To develop cognitive behavioural therapy tailored to this disorder (the RELEGS coping therapy programme) and present the results of this proof-of-concept study. <h3>Methods:</h3> Twenty-five patients (five men, 20 women; 15 medicated, 10 unmedicated; mean (SD) age 56.1 (12.3) years) with subjective psychosocial impairment due to RLS participated in one of three consecutive therapy groups. The severity scales (IRLS and RLS-6) indicated moderate to severe RLS symptoms at baseline. Exclusion criteria were secondary RLS, foreseeable change of RLS medication during the study period, serious physical or psychiatric comorbidity, and severe cognitive deficits. Each group took part in eight group sessions (90 min each with a break). <h3>Results:</h3> At the end of the treatment, both the RLS-related quality of life and the mental health status of the subjects had improved significantly (QoL-RLS scale: from 28.6 (12.8) to 23.4 (13.1); SCL-90-R: from 51.3 (37.0) to 45.9 (32.9)). The improvement remained at follow-up 3 months later. Subjective ratings of RLS severity had improved at the end of therapy and at follow-up. Psychometric scales not specific for RLS-related impairment remained unaffected by the treatment. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The study establishes the feasibility and high acceptance of the newly devised therapy programme. The application of RLS-oriented specific psychological strategies is a step toward an integrated treatment approach in RLS.
T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement shared by murine T cell lines derived from a site of autoimmune inflammation.
Authors: S J Padula, D C Sgroi, E G Lingenheld, J T Love, C H Chou, R B Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Advances in our understanding of the structure and molecular biology of the T lymphocyte antigen-receptor have now made it feasible to study human autoimmune diseases using new approaches. One such approach involves cloning of T cells from sites of autoimmune pathology followed by identification of putative disease-related T cell oligoclonality at the level of the T cell receptor gene rearrangements. We have now tested the feasibility of this approach in an animal model of autoimmunity, murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Spinal cord-derived, self (murine) myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cell lines and sublines were analyzed at the level of their receptor beta chain rearrangements using Southern blots. We now report that the MBP-reactive T cell lines and sublines derived from the spinal cords of four of five SJL/J mice with EAE share a 14.5-kb rearranged T cell receptor beta 1 band on Southern blots. A spinal cord-derived T cell line that was reactive to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), several lymph node-derived ovalbumin- and PPD-reactive T cell lines, as well as one MBP-reactive spinal cord-derived T cell line did not share this 14.5-kb rearranged beta 1 band. These results suggest that analysis of the antigen receptors used by T cells cloned from sites of inflammation may be a useful initial approach for identifying pathogenetically relevant T cells in the study of certain human autoimmune diseases.
ROENTGEN LOCALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODIES
Authors: Sinclair Tousey
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 1, 1917, p. 1902, there is a letter from Dr. George C. Johnston regarding my method of locating bullets and other foreign bodies (The Journal, Nov. 3, 1917, p. 1521) by means of a wire net laid on the roentgen-ray plate during the two exposures. There are seven meshes to the linear inch. With a tube distance of 21 inches and a tube displacement of 3 inches, suitable for the head, thigh or trunk (or 14 inches distance and 2 inches displacement for thinner parts), my statement was that each one-seventh inch subdivision that the image is displaced represents one-half inch distance from the foreign body to the plate. Dr. Johnston calls attention to the necessity for a correction at most distances, and I am very glad to verify his statement. The value of my method will be greatly enhanced by the use
Effects of age and aerobic capacity on arterial stiffness in healthy adults.
Authors: P V Vaitkevicius, J L Fleg, J H Engel, F C O'Connor, J G Wright, L E Lakatta, F C Yin, E G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It has been well established that arterial stiffness, manifest as an increase in arterial pulse wave velocity or late systolic amplification of the carotid artery pressure pulse, increases with age. However, the populations studied in prior investigations were not rigorously screened to exclude clinical hypertension, occult coronary disease, or diabetes. Furthermore, it is unknown whether exercise capacity or chronic physical endurance training affects the age-associated increase in arterial stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS Carotid arterial pressure pulse augmentation index (AGI), using applanation tonometry, and aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV) were measured in 146 male and female volunteers 21 to 96 years old from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, who were rigorously screened to exclude clinical and occult cardiovascular disease. Aerobic capacity was determined in all individuals by measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during treadmill exercise. In this healthy, largely sedentary cohort, the arterial stiffness indexes AGI and APWV increased approximately fivefold and twofold, respectively, across the age span in both men and women, despite only a 14% increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). These age-associated increases in AGI and APWV were of a similar magnitude to those in prior studies of less rigorously screened populations. Both AGI and APWV varied inversely with VO2max, and this relationship, at least for AGI, was independent of age. In endurance trained male athletes, 54 to 75 years old (VO2max = 44 +/- 3 mL.kg-1.min-1), the arterial stiffness indexes were significantly reduced relative to their sedentary age peers (AGI, 36% lower; APWV, 26% lower) despite similar blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS Even in normotensive, rigorously screened volunteers in whom SBP increased an average of only 14% between ages 20 and 90 years, major age-associated increases of arterial stiffness occur. Higher physical conditioning status, indexed by VO2max, was associated with reduced arterial stiffness, both within this predominantly sedentary population and in endurance trained older men relative to their less active age peers. These findings suggest that interventions to improve aerobic capacity may mitigate the stiffening of the arterial tree that accompanies normative aging.
Dipyridamole in Treatment Of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Murray Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The section ofThe Journalentitled NEGATIVE RESULTS is a valuable and interesting part of the publication. The recent article in this section by S. Sbar and R. C. Schlant raises the question as to the type of report which should properly appear under this heading. In the report, one table of data indicates that the test drug was about half again as effective as placebo in terms of "percent improved" by three different parameters. In a study in which approximately half the subjects are placebo reactors such differences in efficacy are impressive. The lack of statistical significance simply reflects the fact that only a relatively small number of patients were studied. Given the numbers of patients reported and the positive placebo rate, all but one of the entire drug-treated group would have to show improvement for the results to be statistically significant at the P = 0.05
T-Cell Immunity to Subclinical Cytomegalovirus Infection Reduces Cardiac Allograft Disease
Authors: Wenwei Tu, Luciano Potena, Pamela Stepick-Biek, Lanxiang Liu, Kira Y. Dionis, Helen Luikart, William F. Fearon, Tyson H. Holmes, Clifford Chin, John P. Cooke, Hannah A. Valantine, Edward S. Mocarski, David B. Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Asymptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication is frequent after cardiac transplantation in recipients with pretransplantation CMV infection. How subclinical viral replication influences cardiac allograft disease remains poorly understood, as does the importance of T-cell immunity in controlling such replication. Methods and Results— Thirty-nine cardiac recipients who were pretransplantation CMV antibody positive were longitudinally studied for circulating CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, CMV viral load in blood neutrophils, and allograft rejection during the first posttransplantation year. Nineteen of these recipients were also analyzed for changes of coronary artery intimal, lumen, and whole-vessel area. All recipients received early prophylactic therapy with ganciclovir. No recipients developed overt CMV disease. Those with detectable levels of CMV-specific CD4 T cells in the first month after transplantation were significantly protected from high mean and peak posttransplantation viral load ( P &lt;0.05), acute rejection ( P &lt;0.005), and loss of allograft coronary artery lumen ( P &lt;0.05) and of whole-vessel area ( P &lt;0.05) compared with those who lacked this immune response. The losses of lumen and vessel area were both significantly correlated with the time after transplantation at which a CD4 T-cell response was first detected ( P &lt;0.05) and with the cumulative graft rejection score ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— The early control of subclinical CMV replication after transplantation by T-cell immunity may limit cardiac allograft rejection and vascular disease. Interventions to increase T-cell immunity might be clinically useful in limiting these adverse viral effects.
Herpes simplex virus infection associated with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: B. Sassolas, A. Labouche, G. Guillet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Herpes simplex virus infection associated with bullous pemphigoid Get access B. Sassolas, B. Sassolas Department of Dermatology, CHU, Brest, 29609 Brest, Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Labouche, A. Labouche Department of Dermatology, CHU, Brest, 29609 Brest, Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Guillet G. Guillet Department of Dermatology, CHU, Brest, 29609 Brest, Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 3, 1 March 1993, Pages 358–359, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00187.x Published: 01 March 1993
Foodborne gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology: a virus infection?
Authors: C R Madeley
Journal: BMJ (1981)

treatment or a new application of an established treatment.It is ethically mandatory to do so because, ab initio, one cannot know the precise short-term results of the treatment and one has no idea at all of long-term effects.Where there is alternative therapy it is equally unknown which is the superior treatment and therefore any patient should be given at least an equal chance of receiving the better treatment.
Abstract 3900: Formaldehyde induces DNA damage and BRCA1 nuclear export
Authors: Esmeralda M. Ponce, Maggie C. Louie
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Formaldehyde is a colorless, potent, flammable gas, commonly used to manufacture building materials and other household and personal care products. Most living organisms are exposed to some levels of formaldehyde in one way or another. Studies have shown formaldehyde to have mutagenic and genotoxic effects on proliferating cells. In order to understand the effects of formaldehyde on cancer progression, we examined the effects of formaldehyde on estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells, MCF-7. Our data suggest that low concentrations of formaldehyde decrease the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Further analysis at the molecular level suggests that formaldehyde increases the expressions of p53 and BRCA1, two tumor suppressor genes known to play important roles in DNA repair. Consistent with previous reports that high concentrations of formaldehyde results in irreversible DNA damage, our results suggest that exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde is sufficient to induce DNA damage. Protein and gene expression analyses suggest that p53 and BRCA1 expression levels are dependent on the concentration of formaldehyde and length of exposure. Additionally, our data show that BRCA1 undergoes nuclear export in response to formaldehyde which is consistent with its role in DNA damage surveillance and repair. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3900
Drug treatment of psychiatric patients in general practice
Authors: C. Gill
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In addition, a recent study4 of testicular morphology in boys treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with combination chemotherapy found no evidence of a relation- ship between the degree of tubular damage and the age at which the subject first received cytotoxic therapy.Therefore the prepubertal testis would appear to be just as vulnerable to cytotoxic damage as the pubertal testis.Finally, it is true that we observed5 depressed ovarian function in a proportion of girls previously treated for ALL with combination chemotherapy.However, the evidence indi- cated direct damage to the ovaries due to the chemotherapy rather than as a consequence of radiation-induced hypothalamic-pituitary damage.