tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bladder tissue regeneration using acellular bi-layer silk scaffolds in a large animal model of augmentation cystoplasty
Authors: Duong D. Tu, Yeun Goo Chung, Eun Seok Gil, Abhishek Seth, Debra Franck, Vivian Cristofaro, Maryrose P. Sullivan, Dolores Di Vizio, Pablo Gomez, Rosalyn M. Adam, David L. Kaplan, Carlos R. Estrada, Joshua R. Mauney
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Fc(epsilon)RI-(beta) polymorphism and risk of atopy in a general population sample
Authors: M R Hill, A L James, J A Faux, G Ryan, J M Hopkin, P le Souef, A W Musk, W O C M Cookson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To establish the prevalence of Fc(epsilon)RI- β polymorphisms Leu181 and Leu181/Leu183 on chromosome 11q13 in the general population and to examine whether when maternally inherited they confer a risk of atopy. <b>Design</b>: A population based survey for measures of atopy (skin prick test reactions, specific IgE titres, total serum IgE concentration), bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and carriage of Fc(epsilon)RI-β Leu181 and Leu181/Leu183. <b>Setting</b>: The rural coastal town of Busselton, Western Australia. <b>Subjects</b>: 1004 members of 230 two generation families identified through adults aged under 55. <b>Results</b>: Fc(epsilon)RI-β Leu181/Leu183 was identified in 45 subjects (4.5%). All 13 children who had inherited the variant maternally were atopic. Six had asthma and nine rhinitis. The odds ratio of a positive skin prick test reaction to house dust mite or grass pollen in these children compared with the other 523 children was 7.37 (95% confidence interval 1.62 to 33.60). The 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio of a positive specific IgE response (radioallergosorbent test) was 3.00 to (infinity), and the odds ratio for bronchial hyperresponsiveness was 3.70 (1.21 to 11.60). By contrast, the eight children who had derived the variant paternally had negative skin prick and radioallergosorbent test results and did not have increased bronchial responsiveness. <b>Conclusion</b>: Fc(epsilon)RI"9β Leu181/Leu183 when inherited maternally identifies a genetic risk factor for atopy and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Plastic Surgery in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Raymond Warpeha
Journal: JAMA (1972)

All fields of pediatric surgery have grown spectacularly over the last 20 years. Dr. Mustarde has assembled an international group of 27 surgeons who have contributed to this development. Throughout the book the authors have selected topics which are relevant to children and have taken care to establish principles which take into consideration the growth potential of young tissues. The chapters on congenital deformities of the face are concise and thorough. The authors of these chapters give us the benefit of their own experiences in the management of the various defects but also refer to alternate opinions. In particular the chapter on deformities of the jaws is excellent because Professor Obwegeser of Zurich presents European methods of treatment which are based on his great experience with more radical facial bone surgery.  Many pediatric syndromes are characterized by peculiar facies; untreated, these children grow up to present to the world a
An exogenous mouse mammary tumor virus with properties of Mls-1a (Mtv-7).
Authors: W Held, A N Shakhov, G Waanders, L Scarpellino, R Luethy, J P Kraehenbuhl, H R MacDonald, H Acha-Orbea
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The classical minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) antigens, which induce a strong primary T cell response in vitro, are closely linked to endogenous copies of mouse mammary tumor viruses (MMTV). Expression of Mls genes leads to clonal deletion of T cell subsets expressing specific T cell receptor (TCR) V beta chains. We describe the isolation and characterization of a new exogenous (infectious) MMTV with biological properties similar to the Mls antigen Mls-1a. In vivo administration of either Mls-1a-expressing B cells or the infectious MMTV (SW) led to an increase of T cells expressing V beta 6 followed by their deletion. Surprisingly, different kinetics of deletion were observed with the exogenous virus depending upon the route of infection. Infection through the mucosa led to a slow deletion of V beta 6+ T cells, whereas deletion was rapid after subcutaneous infection. Sequence analysis of the open reading frames in the 3' long terminal repeat of both this exogenous MMTV (SW) and of Mtv-7 (which is closely linked to Mls-1a) revealed striking similarities, particularly in the COOH terminus, which has been implicated in TCR V beta recognition. The identification of an infectious MMTV with the properties of a strong Mls antigen provides a new, powerful tool to study immunity and tolerance in vivo.
Proper levels of c-Myb are discretely defined at distinct steps of hematopoietic cell development
Authors: Hiroshi Sakamoto, Guoyou Dai, Kaori Tsujino, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Xin Huang, Tetsuhiro Fujimoto, Michael Mucenski, Jon Frampton, Minetaro Ogawa
Journal: Blood (2006)
Cardiac Fibrinoid Lesions Produced by Cross Circulation or Temporary A-V Shunts
Authors: RICHARD L. DAVIS, JOEL G. BRUNSON, PETER E. FEHR
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Localized acute cardiac lesions containing fibrinoid were produced in rabbits by carotid-jugular cross circulation or temporary arteriovenous shunts, using small amounts of heparin as anticoagulant. Excessive amounts of heparin markedly reduced the incidence of fibrinoid in the lesions, which suggests that the formation of fibrinoid was inhibited or its deposition in the heart prevented. The results of the experiments suggest that the shunting procedures not only produce mechanical damage to the heart, but also participate in the production of fibrinoid or its precursors, which is deposited in localized sites of cardiac damage.
Can We Afford Maximum Quality in Medical Educational Materials?
Authors: Leo L. Leveridge
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Educational quality is measured by efficiency plus effectiveness and is dependent on the validity of content as well as on how completely and clearly the subject is communicated. Successful communications depends on the selection of the optimum medium for each given task, plus knowledge of and skill in the use of that medium. The taking of pains is equally needed. There is no escape from it—meeting these criteria costs time and money. Are the greater costs of maximum educational quality justified? Consider the following: It costs as much to distribute poor-quality materials as to distribute those designed and produced with much greater care and bigger budgets. The expense of large-scale distribution is always as much as, or greater than, the outlay for production. Conversely, when materials are distributed nationwide, the costs of design and production are usually but a small percentage of the total expenditure. For instance,
Linking Parenchymal Disease Progression to Changes in Lung Mechanical Function by Percolation
Authors: Jason H. T. Bates, Gerald S. Davis, Arnab Majumdar, Kelly J. Butnor, Béla Suki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

The mechanical dysfunction accompanying parenchymal diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema may follow a different course from the progression of the underlying microscopic pathophysiology itself, particularly in the early stages. It is tempting to speculate that this may reflect the geographical nature of lung pathology. However, merely ascribing mechanical dysfunction of the parenchyma to the vagaries of lesional organization is unhelpful without some understanding of how the two are linked.We attempt to forge such a link through a concept known as percolation, which has been invoked to account for numerous natural processes involving transmission of events across complex networks.We numerically determined the bulk stiffness (corresponding to the inverse of lung compliance) of a network of springs representing the lung parenchyma. We simulated the development of fibrosis by randomly stiffening individual springs in the network, and the development of emphysema by preferentially cutting springs under the greatest tension.When the number of stiff springs was increased to the point that they suddenly became connected across the network, the model developed a sharp increase in its bulk modulus. Conversely, when the cut springs became sufficiently numerous, the elasticity of the network fell to zero. These two conditions represent percolation thresholds that we show are mirrored structurally in both tissue pathology and macroscopic computed tomography images of human idiopathic fibrosis and emphysema.The concept of percolation may explain why the development of symptoms related to lung function and the development of parenchymal pathology often do not progress together.
The USE of CREOSOTED OIL for the EXPULSION of TRACHEAL FALSE MEMBRANES after TRACHEOTOMY; and of INTRANASAL INJECTIONS of OIL in VARIOUS AFFECTIONS
Authors: W. Ewart
Journal: BMJ (1898)

rnh-nuoi fe l iong duration, with gradual fall.oters bronchitis,measles,whooping-cough, Broncho-pneumonia, lobular, J 2. Gradual onset.with sudden aggravation, Streptococcus.etc., associated II diphtheria, et,!.patchy, disseminated V in other respects the sanie as above.probably with pneumococcus 13.Sudden onset, no tendency to relapse.Fever high, not markedly remittent, of oPneumococcus Primary bronchoshort duration, with sudden fall.pneumonia.C Croupous Croupous pneumonia, Iob ar Si,ilar in all respects to the last Pneumococcus -Pneumonia.massive consolidation Imiainllrsettoheat teriology, the case for the recognition of thcso two forms seems to be clearly made out.The table here given represents in a diagrammatic form the views I have been expresAing.
Thrombokinetics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine.
Authors: D Thomas, A S Gallus, P M Brooks, R Tampi, R Geddes, W Hill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The mechanism of D-penicillamine induced thrombocytopenia in rheumatoid arthritis was investigated by measuring platelet life-span and platelet production rate in 2 groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with 250-750 mg/day D-penicillamine, 14 with a normal platelet count and 9 with thrombocytopenia (platelet count 50-130 X 10(9)/1). Age matched control patients not treated with D-penicillamine included 14 with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 with osteoarthritis. The platelet life-span was normal, but platelet production rate was significantly reduced in the thrombocytopenic patients, suggesting that D-penicillamine causes thrombocytopenia through bone marrow suppression.
Phenothiazine and Biperiden in LSD Reactions
Authors: Leon Tec
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As drug abuse continues to distress us, we learn more about new phenomena connected with it and, in my opinion, we should report immediately any new development in this field. Ordinarily phenothiazine is quite useful in combating the unpleasant symptoms of a lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) "bad trip." But here is an account of an unusual situation. An 18-year-old boy who had had a "bum trip" on "acid" could not "come down" for two weeks. He experienced hallucinations continuously for 14 days after he drank wine with a group of friends and then was told by one of them that the wine contained a high dose of LSD. This was two weeks before his visit in my office, still having hallucinations. He was persecuted by paranoid delusions, was in great distress, thinking that he would never recover. I treated him with 150 mg of phenothiazine twice each
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy — The Benefits of a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In the late 1950s, two sets of observations led to the recognition of a new cardiac disease. One was the discovery, by cardiovascular surgeons and cardiologists, of patients with subaortic pressure gradients at cardiac catheterization but without evidence of anatomical obstruction at surgery. These patients' hearts were also markedly hypertrophied. Simultaneously, pathologists and cardiologists described families in which several members had died suddenly and unexpectedly and were found to have hypertrophied hearts at autopsy. These seemingly unrelated observations rapidly came together and led to the delineation of what is now called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition has captured the attention and . . .
ABC of sleep disorder. Dreams and medical illness.
Authors: M Katz, C M Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Doctors and investigators who are interested int influence of mindover matter have long thought that dreams may reflct:r Qrfluence health ,The ancient Greeks, inicluding Hippocrates and ],believed not only that dreams could yield both diagnostic and progn iformation, but also that they were the medium through which the gods alleviated illness.Aristotle believed that during sleep the mind received stimuli from both the external environment and from within the body, and that these served as the building blocks on which dreams were constructed.There are certain aspects of life that the mind is aware of only through the recollection and understanding of dreams."Dreamers" by Albert Moore. Modem theoriesModern investigation of dreams began with Freud's classic The Interpretation ofDreams, which was first published in 1900.Freud believed z: 00;00_ that dreams represented unconscious wishes that ;wererepressedbecause they were unacceptable.He also believed tht rganic states could instigate dreamsor example, patients with lung disease who dreamed of suffocation or patients with heart disease who dreamed that they died horribly.Freud's theones were expanded by his followers.Jung believed that dreams contained unrecognised information that patients needed to understand and integrate into their * / consciousness, and Adler that dreams had a ^: ~~~~~~-~~potential role in the solving of problems.
Rehabilitation for Frail Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Naomi Pollak
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Mulrow and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have attempted to assess whether a physical therapy (PT) program tailored to the long-stay, frail elderly nursing home resident could improve physical function and self-perceived health. The study extends PT outcomes research for nursing home residents but differs from previous studies in that a randomized controlled design was used. During a 4-month period, two matched groups of nursing home residents received either PT or friendly visits. In the PT group, using Physical Disability Index (PDI) subscales, the study demonstrated modest improvements in mobility (15.5%), strength (9.2%), and range of motion (0.4%), and insignificant improvements in self-perceived health. Average resource utilization was $1220 for the PT group and $189 for the friendly visits group. These data need to be interpreted cautiously prior to their widespread application to similar populations nationally. Specifically, the reliability of the tests conducted for baseline and follow-up measurements require
P1075 PAGE-B: RISK SCORE FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) DEVELOPMENT IN CAUCASIAN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) PATIENTS RECEIVING ENTECAVIR (ETV) OR TENOFOVIR (TDF)
Authors: G.V. Papatheodoridis, G. Dalekos, V. Sypsa, C. Yurdaydin, M. Buti, J. Goulis, P. Arends, S. Manolakopoulos, G. Mangia, N. Gatselis, O. Keskın, S. Savvidou, B.E. Hansen, C. Papaioannou, K. Galanis, R. Idılman, M. Colombo, R. Esteban, H.L.A. Janssen, P. Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenal papilla associated with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: M. Assef, A. Carbonari, O. Araki, F. Nakao, I. Marchetti, M. Medeiros, P. Kassab, C. Malheiros, L. Rossini
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 3-cm painless epigastric mass was found on examination in 53-year-old man with abdominal pain and vomiting for the past 6 months. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed asymmetric thickening of the distal esophagus, and upper endoscopy showed a neoplastic lesion in the distal esophagus (histological examination of the biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma). In the duodenum, we found a subepithelial lesion in the papilla, measuring about 2 cm, which was covered by normal mucosa, and bile drainage was also normal. Endoscopic biopsies did not reveal neoplastic cells ([Fig. 1]).
Money as tool, money as resource: The biology of collecting items for their own sake
Authors: David A. Booth
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Money does not stimulate receptors in mimicry of natural agonists; so, by definition, money is not a drug. Attractions of money other than to purchase goods and services could arise from instincts similar to hoarding in other species. Instinctual activities without evolutionary function include earning a billion and writing for BBS .
"CALCIUM AND PARATHYROID GLANDS IN RELATION TO HYPERESTHETIC RHINITIS"
Authors: Frank J. Novak
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  — In the article on this subject (The Journal, Dec. 20, 1924), statements were made by Drs. Sonnenschein and Pearlman which, unless corrected, would convey the wrong impressions.   The calcium standard is given as from 9 to 11 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters of blood serum. It is neither reasonable nor scientific to establish such a wide range of normality; for, if such were the case, it would be extremely difficult to make a classification of calcium deficiency diseases. As the standard, 10.5 mg. has been commonly accepted, although this standard is of no particular significance, because, as Woringer (Hypocalcemie et spasmophilie, Arch. de med. d. enf. 26:713, 1923) has shown in spasmophilia, hypocalcemia is more pronounced in the manifest forms of the disease than in the latent forms. Furthermore, the hypocalcemia is not in direct relationship with the gravity of the disease. Thus, the calcium deficiency
ApoE and Clusterin Cooperatively Suppress Aβ Levels and Deposition
Authors: Ronald B DeMattos, John R Cirrito, Maia Parsadanian, Patrick C May, Mark A O'Dell, Jennie W Taylor, Judith A.K Harmony, Bruce J Aronow, Kelly R Bales, Steven M Paul, David M Holtzman
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Claire M McVeigh, Andrew P Cairns
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder that primarily affects the axial skeleton. Sacroiliitis is its hallmark, accompanied by inflammation of the entheses (points of union between tendon, ligament, or capsule and bone) and formation of syndesmophytes, leading to spinal ankylosis in later stages. Prevalence estimates vary between 0.1% and 2% in different populations.1 The male:female ratio is around 5:1, and the peak age of onset is at 15-35 years.

Because of its insidious nature, the diagnosis is sometimes delayed until late stages of the disease. Until recently, treatment has been limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy, but the development of cytokine inhibitors that inhibit the activity of tumour necrosis factor α has been an important advance in treatment.

We searched Medline for clinical trials and reviews using the keywords “ankylosing spondylitis,” “treatment,” “physiotherapy,” “NSAIDs,” “DMARDs,” “anti-TNF,” and “biologics.”

The most commonly used criteria for the classification of ankylosing spondylitis were developed in 1966 and modified in 1984.23 They are:

1.  Low back pain of at least three months duration with inflammatory characteristics (improved by exercise, not relieved by rest)

2.  Limitation of lumbar spine motion in sagittal and frontal planes

3.  Decreased chest expansion (relative to normal values for age and sex)

4.  Bilateral sacroiliitis grade 2 or higher

5.  Unilateral sacroiliitis grade 3 or higher.

Definite ankylosing spondylitis is said to be present when the fourth or fifth criterion presents with any clinical criteria. However, radiological sacroiliitis may not develop for many years, and the development of new criteria (including magnetic resonance imaging) has been proposed to allow confirmation of the diagnosis in patients with early disease (see below).4

### History

The key point in a patient's history is inflammatory back pain.5 This typically presents as low back pain and stiffness of insidious onset that is worse first …
<i>EGFR</i>Mutations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel Morgensztern, Katerina Politi, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), most commonly deletions in exon 19 affecting the amino acid motif LREA (delE746-750) or substitution of arginine for leucine at position 858 (L858R) in exon 21, are present in approximately 17% of tumors in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma and lead to constitutive activation of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. 1 These activating EGFR mutations are associated with high response rates to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with combined results from 21 studies from 2004 to 2006 showing responses in 210 of 268 patients (78%). 2 These response rates observed in patients with EGFR-mutant tumors receiving TKIs were much higher than what had been described in patients treated with standard platinum-doublet chemotherapy.Follow-up studies directly comparing the 2 treatment strategies in patients with advancedstage non-small-cell lung cancer harboring activating EGFR mutations confirmed the superiority of EGFR TKI therapy to chemotherapy in this patient population as described herein.In the Iressa Pan-Asia Study (IPASS), patients with previously untreated advanced-stage pulmonary adenocarcinoma who were never or light smokers were randomized to receive the EGFR TKI gefitinib or standard chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel. 3 Progression-free survival (PFS), the primary end point of the study, was significantly improved with gefitinib therapy among patients with EGFRmutant tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; P < .001)but worse in those without EGFR mutations (HR, 2.85; P < .001).An updated analysis of the trial defined EGFR mutation as the strongest predictive biomarker for response to EGFR TKI therapy and median PFS. 4 Subsequent studies in Asia comparing the first-generation EGFR TKIs gefitinib or erlotinib to chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer showed similar results, with increased response rates and PFS for patients treated with targeted therapy. [5]6][7] The European Tarceva vs Chemotherapy (EURTAC) trial was the first study comparing targeted therapy with an EGFR TKI to chemotherapy in a non-Asian population. 8 In this multicenter phase 3 trial, 173 patients with activating EGFR mutations were randomized to receive erlotinib or a platinumbased chemotherapy doublet.Erlotinib therapy was associated with improved median PFS, the primary end point of the study, compared with chemotherapy (9.7 vs 5.2 months; HR, 0.37; P < .001).There were no significant differences in the median overall survival (OS) in these studies, most likely as a result of crossover at progression.