tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse reactions to tetanus toxoid
Authors: R. W. Sutter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and Effectors with High Specificity and Performance
Authors: Linda Madisen, Aleena R. Garner, Daisuke Shimaoka, Amy S. Chuong, Nathan C. Klapoetke, Lu Li, Alexander van der Bourg, Yusuke Niino, Ladan Egolf, Claudio Monetti, Hong Gu, Maya Mills, Adrian Cheng, Bosiljka Tasic, Thuc Nghi Nguyen, Susan M. Sunkin, Andrea Benucci, Andras Nagy, Atsushi Miyawaki, Fritjof Helmchen, Ruth M. Empson, Thomas Knöpfel, Edward S. Boyden, R. Clay Reid, Matteo Carandini, Hongkui Zeng
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today
Authors: Nathan G. Congdon
Journal: JAMA (2003)

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, WHICH may be defined as blindness (best vision of 20/200 in the better eye in the United States and 20/400 by the World Health Organization [WHO] definition) or low vision ( 20/40 in the United States and 20/60 according to WHO), is one of the most common disabilities: an estimated 40 million people worldwide were blind nearly a decade ago, the time of the last accurate assessment, and 110 million people had low vision. Among persons older than 40 years in the United States, 937000 people were blind and 2.4 million people had low vision in 2002. Figures for the developing world, where approximately 90% of world blindness exists, and the developed world are expected to increase significantly during the next decades as the world’s population ages.
Early Diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Carmine Gazzaruso, Stefano Giordanetti, Pasquale De Cata, Guido Poggi, Pietro Fratino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Type 1 diabetes is often associated with other autoimmune diseases (1), including primary biliary cirrhosis (2). Furthermore, type 1 diabetes and primary biliary cirrhosis may share similar pathogenetic pathways (3). In type 1 diabetic patients, the identification of markers for associated autoimmune diseases may permit earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment.

A 46-year-old man with type 1 diabetes (age of onset 26 years) was admitted into our hospital due to poor glycemic control (HbA1c 11.3%) with severe daily hypoglycemia and significant hyperglycemic spikes. At admission, routine blood tests showed mild eosinophilia (6.7%, 482.4/mmc versus normal 1–4%, 72–282/mmc) and markedly elevated values for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) (203 units/l versus normal, 8–61) and alkaline phosphatase (571 units/l …
Amlodipine Releases Nitric Oxide From Canine Coronary Microvessels: An Unexpected Mechanism of Action of a Calcium Channel–Blocking Agent
Authors: Stefan Dhein, Aida Salameh
Journal: Circulation (1999)

In a recent interesting article, 1 Zhang and Hintze stated that amlodipine but not nifedipine released nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels and classified this as an unexpected mechanism of action.However, it should be noted that several years ago, the same phenomenon, ie, direct release of NO, was observed with nitrendipine in small porcine coronary arteries, porcine arteria basilaris, and porcine arteria caudalis. 2Similarly, the vasodilating action of nitrendipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, and nimodipine in guinea pig mesenteric vascular beds was found to be sensitive to L-N G -nitroarginine treatment. 3 The latter was more pronounced in smaller arterioles (diameter Ͻ350 m).Regarding the mechanism of action underlying the release of NO, it was shown recently by use of the fura-2 technique that the calcium antagonist nitrendipine enhances the intracellular calcium concentration in suspensions of cultured endothelial cells. 4 This effect was insensitive to thapsigargin but was sensitive to extracellular depletion of calcium, indicating that the observed increase in intracellular calcium concentration was mainly due to an influx of calcium rather than a calcium release from intracellular stores.The elevation of intracellular calcium by nitrendipine could be completely blocked by application of gadolinium, a trivalent lanthanide known to inhibit shear stress-activated cation-selective channels on endothelial cells.In addition, the authors showed that the increase in intracellular [Ca 2ϩ ] by shear stress was further enhanced in the presence of nitrendipine. 4 In summary, the release of NO from vascular endothelium is not unique to amlodipine but seems to be a group phenomenon of 1,4-dihydropyridines.The NO release may be more or less prominent when various substances in various vessel types are compared.As shown, the NO dependence of vasodilation by 1,4-dihydropyridines may also be influenced by the position of the vessels within the vascular tree. 3 In addition, this NOreleasing action is not restricted to vascular endothelium but can also be found in platelets, as shown for nifedipine, and contributes to its antiaggregatory effects.
Primary amenorrhoea and infertility due to a mutation in the β–subunit of follicle–stimulating hormone
Authors: C.H. Matthews, S. Borgato, P. Beck-Peccoz, M. Adams, Y. Tone, G. Gambino, S. Casagrande, G. Tedeschini, A. Benedetti, V.K.K. Chatterjee
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Comparison of Coronary Artery Stenting Outcomes in the Eras Before and After the Introduction of Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Edward L. Hannan, Michael Racz, David R. Holmes, Gary Walford, Samin Sharma, Stanley Katz, Robert H. Jones, Spencer B. King
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Few studies have compared medium-term outcomes for drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare metal stents, and most are relatively small randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, since the introduction of DES, there has been increased use and duration of use of clopidogrel, statins, and other evidence-based therapies. The purpose of the present study was to compare outcomes for patients who underwent stenting in the eras before and after the introduction of DES. Methods and Results— New York state patients undergoing stenting in all nonfederal hospitals in the state were studied. Patients were excluded if they had a previous revascularization. Risk factors that were significant predictors of adverse outcomes were used to adjust adverse outcome rates. The study included 11 436 patients who received stents between October 1, 2002, and March 31, 2003, and 12 926 patients who underwent stenting between October 1, 2003, and March 31, 2004. Death rates, the combined end point of death and myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal MI requiring readmission, target vessel revascularization, and target lesion revascularization were compared at 2 years. Patients in the DES era had significantly better risk-adjusted outcomes for death/MI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.97), 9.9% versus 10.8%; nonfatal MI requiring readmission (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.97); target vessel revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.64), 11.2% versus 17.9%; and target lesion revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.59), 8.4% versus 14.7%. Conclusions— Patients in the DES era experienced lower rates of death/MI, nonfatal MI, target vessel revascularization, and target lesion revascularization, but there were no differences in the rates of death. These improvements are likely a result of increased use of clopidogrel, statins, and dual antiplatelet therapy, in addition to the introduction of DES.
Serum Hyperviscosity Syndrome
Authors: John L. Fahey, Werner F. Barth, Alan Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The hyperviscosity syndrome commonly includes mucous membrane bleeding, retinopathy and loss of vision, and neurological disorders associated with elevated serum viscosity. These changes can be lethal. Hyperviscosity, however, can be relieved by adequate plasmapheresis, and recognition of the hyperviscosity syndrome is important for the institution of the proper therapy.  The association of elevated serum viscosity with marked hypergammaglobulinemia has been recognized for more than 30 years. Between 1932 and 1937 Reismann,1Magnus-Levy,2and Albers3reported increased serum viscosity in several patients with multiple myeloma. In 1944 Waldenstrom described an elevated serum viscosity in patients with macroglobulinemia.4These findings have been extended in recent years by the delineation of a group of clinical symptoms attributable to increased viscosity of the blood.5-10  The hyperviscosity syndrome is frequently seen in patients with macroglobulinemia, with or without demonstrable lymphoma, but only rarely with multiple myeloma. Manifestations of the hyperviscosity
Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling via Ras in Mesenchymal Cells Requires p21-Activated Kinase 2 for Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Transcriptional Responses
Authors: Kaori Suzuki, Mark C. Wilkes, Nandor Garamszegi, Maryanne Edens, Edward B. Leof
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling via Smad proteins occurs in various cell types. However, whereas the biological response to TGF-β can be as distinct as growth promoting (i.e., mesenchymal cells) versus growth inhibiting (i.e., epithelial cells), few discernible differences in TGF-β signaling have been reported. In the current study, we examined the role of Ras in the proliferative response to TGF-β and how it might interface with Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β signaling targets. TGF-β stimulated Ras activity in a subset of mesenchymal, but not epithelial, cultures and was required for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)–dependent transcriptional responses. Although dominant negative Ras had no effect on TGF-β internalization or Smad-dependent signaling (i.e., phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or SBE-luciferase activity), it did prevent the hyperphosphorylation of the Smad transcriptional corepressor TG-interacting factor (TGIF). This was not sufficient, however, to overcome the mitogenic response stimulated by TGF-β, which was dependent on signals downstream of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2). Moreover, although the initial activation of Ras and PAK2 are distinctly regulated, TGF-β–stimulated PAK2 activity is required for Ras-dependent ERK phosphorylation and Elk-1 transcription. These findings show the requirement for crosstalk between two Smad-independent pathways in regulating TGF-β proliferation and indicate that the mechanism(s) by which TGF-β stimulates growth is not simply the opposite of its growth inhibitory actions. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3673–82]
Observations on the Climate of Nice, Mentone, and San Remo
Authors: None De Pascale
Journal: BMJ (1861)

petite good; he slept well, and complained of no pain.There was slight dultess at the lack of the left lung.On theb 27th, he was ordered two grains of quinine tigrive a day and his (liet was irmproved.On the 30th, there was still deficient movement on the left side, and slight dulness at the base of the left lung, witlh crepitationl.Onr August 3rd, the resonance anid breathing were good all over both lungs.He was discharged well.'rhe uirinie was exainined cduring the progress of the case.The quantitv of clhlorides present was consider able, even vlen the disease was at its height; but the amoutnt sensibly in.creased as, the patieint progressed towards recovery.
Changing perceptions of weight in Great Britain: comparison of two population surveys
Authors: F Johnson, L Cooke, H Croker, J. Wardle
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine changes in public perceptions of overweight in Great Britain over an eight year period. <b>Design</b> Comparison of data on self perceived weight from population surveys in 1999 and 2007. <b>Setting</b> Household surveys of two representative samples in Great Britain. <b>Participants</b> 853 men and 944 women in 1999, and 847 men and 989 women in 2007. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Participants were asked to report their weight and height and classify their body size on a scale from "very underweight" to "obese." <b>Results</b> Self reported weights increased dramatically over time, but the weight at which people perceived themselves to be overweight also rose significantly. In 1999, 81% of overweight participants correctly identified themselves as overweight compared with 75% in 2007, demonstrating a decrease in sensitivity in the self diagnosis of overweight. <b>Conclusions</b> Despite media and health campaigns aiming to raise awareness of healthy weight, increasing numbers of overweight people fail to recognise that their weight is a cause for concern. This makes it less likely that they will see calls for weight control as personally relevant.
Applications of the Lagged Normal Density Curve as a Model for Arterial Dilution Curves
Authors: James B. Bassingthwaighte, Francis H. Ackerman, Earl H. Wood
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

1. Indicator dilution curves (concentration versus time) were recorded from the femoral and dorsalis pedis arteries of normal men after injections of indocyanine green into the superior vena cava or thoracic aorta. A four-parameter mathematical model, the lagged normal density curve, adequately described the form of the portion of these curves representing indicator passing by the sampling site for the first time. 2. The curves were observed to be of constant shape, the spread of the curve being approximately linearly related to the mean transit time t. The spread was dependent on the injection site; dispersion was shown to be greatest in the central circulation, less in the aorta, and still less in the arteries of the leg. For the latter segment, the mean transit time t. The spread was dependent 0.3 t, the square root of the variance was 0.18 t, and the parameters of the lagged normal density curve, σ and τ, were 0.09 t and 0.16 t, respectively. 3. The linear relationships between parameters of the recorded curves and the mean transit times indicate that the effect of rate of flow, over a range from resting values to four to six times above resting values, has almost no influence on the dispersion. This suggests that the flow characteristics are essentially unchanged over this range. Such linear relationships always occur with laminar flow but cannot prove its existence because turbulent flow can also produce this result. The similarity of the linear relationships at low flow rates to those at high flow rates, where turbulence almost certainly is present, suggests that arterial flow is usually turbulent. Turbulence may be expected at relatively low flow rates in nonhomogeneous fluids driven by a pulsatile head of pressure through elastic, branched, tapering, curved tubes.
235 PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS (PVT) IN CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: K.I. Rodríguez-Castro, M.T. Sartori, C.M. Radu, S. Gavasso, P. Zerbinati, I. Bortoluzzi, E. Nadal, P. Simioni, P. Burra, M. Senzolo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Low frequency breathing at rest and during exercise in severe chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Authors: R Sergysels, R Willeput, D Lenders, J P Vachaudez, W Schandevyl, A Hennebert
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The effect of low frequency breathing compared with spontaneous breathing was examined at rest and during exercise (40 watts) in 12 patients suffering from severe chronic obstructive bronchitis. At rest low frequency breathing improved significantly the alveolar ventilation and the tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. There was no significant change in ventilation minute volume. During exercise low frequency breathing significantly decreased ventilation minute volume, and there was no significant improvement in gas exchange. The decrease in ventilation during low frequency breathing at 40 watts compared with spontaneous breathing at the same lung volume was due to expiratory flow limitation. The findings suggest that this technique may impair exercise tolerance in patients with severe chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Coronary Artery Disease in 116 Kindred with Familial Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: NEIL J. STONE, ROBERT I. LEVY, DONALD S. FREDRICKSON, JOEL VERTER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Analysis of cardiovascular status in adult relatives of 116 kindred affected with familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia) was carried out to assess coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in relatives with type II (II) compared to unaffected family members. Over 90% of the 738 living relatives were interviewed by one investigator and 12 lead electrocardiograms were obtained. In these, and in 285 deceased relatives, physician and hospital records were utilized to determine CAD events by standard criteria. This study, the largest of its kind, permitted more precise and extensive determination of the CAD risk accompanying severe hyperbetalipoproteinemia than has heretofore been possible. CAD was diagnosed in 29.5% of II's compared with 10.5% of normal relatives (N) ( P &lt; .001). The II's and N's did not differ significantly with regard to age distribution, sex, hypertension, smoking habits, or body mass index. According to the Rose questionnaire, angina pectoris was diagnosed in 21.8% of II's and 6.5% of N's ( P &lt; .001). Documented myocardial infarction occurred in 6% of II's versus 1% of N's ( P = .002). CAD death or myocardial infarction occurred in 10.1% of II's compared with 1.8% of N's ( P &lt; .001). The cumulative probability of nonfatal or fatal CAD by age 40 in male II's was 16% (1 in 6); by age 60, the expectation of an event had risen to 52% (1 in 2). Among male N's, the risk of nonfatal or fatal CAD by age 60 was 12.7%, lagging 20 years behind that seen in male II's. In female II's, the risk of nonfatal or fatal CAD by age 60 was 32.8% compared with only 9.1% in female N's.
Cancer is diagnosed more quickly in patients who bypass GPs
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Delay in diagnosis of cancer in the United Kingdom varies widely, according to the type of cancer, new research shows. Patients with suspected prostate cancer face delays almost three times as long as those with suspected breast cancer, claims new research.

The study, which was published online (ahead of print publication) on 3 May in the British Journal of Cancer (www.bjcancer.com, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602587), looked at times to diagnosis for six types of cancer. It …
Susceptibility to Dependence on Alcohol Primary and Secondary Prevention
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

It is generally estimated that 90 million Americans drink alcohol and that approximately 9 million of these may be considered alcoholics (or "problem drinkers"). Thus, the risk factor of becoming an alcoholic, if one drinks, would appear to be one in ten. The ghastly toll of alcohol abuse can be measured in terms of many billions of dollars of annual economic loss, a status of being the No. 3 or 4 killer of adults in the United States, participating in countless accidents, homocides, suicides, other violent crimes against persons, and in broken homes, and causing multisystem organ damage. Many of these effects do not require that chemical dependence has been established. However, dependence on alcohol is one of the principal hazards of alcohol use. What governs the likelihood of a given person becoming an alcoholic if he or she begins to drink? The three principal theories that treat the issue
The role of aging upon β cell turnover
Authors: Jake A. Kushner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Preservation and regeneration of β cell endocrine function is a long-sought goal in diabetes research. Defective insulin secretion from β cells underlies both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, thus fueling considerable interest in molecules capable of rebuilding β cell secretion capacity. Though early work in rodents suggested that regeneration might be possible, recent studies have revealed that aging powerfully restricts cell cycle entry of β cells, which may limit regeneration capacity. Consequently, aging has emerged as an enigmatic challenge that might limit β cell regeneration therapies. This Review summarizes recent data regarding the role of aging in β cell regeneration and proposes models explaining these phenomena.
Longitudinal Myocardial Function Assessed by Tissue Velocity, Strain, and Strain Rate Tissue Doppler Echocardiography in Patients With AL (Primary) Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Jun Koyama, Patricia A. Ray-Sequin, Rodney H. Falk
Journal: Circulation (2003)

AL amyloidosis with heart failure is associated with decreased longitudinal myocardial contraction measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging. We sought to clarify whether new modalities of myocardial strain Doppler (change in length per unit length) or strain rate (the temporal derivative of strain) were more sensitive than tissue Doppler and could detect early regional myocardial dysfunction before the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis.Ninety-seven biopsy-proven patients with AL amyloidosis were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 patients had no cardiac involvement (n=36), group 2 had heart involvement but no CHF (n=32), and group 3 had heart involvement and CHF (n=29). All patients underwent tissue velocity (TV) imaging, strain, and strain rate imaging (SR) at the basal, mid, and apical ventricle in 2 apical views. With the use of TV, differences in systolic function were only apparent between group 3 (basal mean value, 3.0+/-1.1 cm/s) and groups 1 and 2 (5.0+/-1.3 and 4.6+/-1.2 cm/s, respectively). In contrast, basal peak systolic SR (l/s) showed significant differences among all 3 groups (-2.0+/-0.4, -1.55+/-0.6, and -0.76+/-0.3 for groups 1 to 3, respectively. P<0.01). Basal strain also demonstrated statistically significant differences among the groups (-19+/-4%, -15+/-4.5%, and -8.0+/-5%; P<0.01).Cardiac amyloidosis is characterized by an early impairment in systolic function at a time when fractional shortening remains normal. This abnormality precedes the onset of CHF and can be detected by strain and SR but is not apparent by TV imaging.
Copy number variation of the activating FCGR2C gene predisposes to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Willemijn B. Breunis, Edwin van Mirre, Marrie Bruin, Judy Geissler, Martin de Boer, Marjolein Peters, Dirk Roos, Masja de Haas, Harry R. Koene, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2007)