tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immediate Pigmentation After Laser Treatment
Authors: Chien-Ho Chu, Chia-Yu Chou, Yu-Pin Cheng
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Abstract 16179: Cost-effectiveness of Dabigatran for Stroke Prophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shimoli V Shah, Brian F Gage
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction:  The 2.3 million Americans with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a five-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke. Recent studies have investigated promising alternatives to warfarin for stroke prophylaxis in patients with AF. However, it is unknown whether these therapies are cost-effective.   Hypothesis:  Based on the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial, we hypothesized that dabigatran, a new direct-thrombin inhibitor would be cost-effective in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at high risk of stroke.   Methods:  We developed a semi-Markov decision model to compare the cost and quality-adjusted survival of alternative strategies for primary prophylaxis of ischemic stroke in a hypothetical cohort of 70-year-old patients with chronic AF: dabigatran, warfarin, aspirin, dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, or no antithrombotic therapy. We used a cost-effectiveness threshold of $75,000/quality adjusted life-years (QALY) from a healthcare system perspective. To quantify risks of stroke and hemorrhage, we performed a meta-analysis of published atrial fibrillation trials. For all treatments, we calculated quality-adjusted survival and net cost in 2010 US dollars, over a maximum of 20 years.   Results:  For patients with an average risk of hemorrhage (3.36% major bleeds/per yr of anticoagulant therapy) and a stroke rate greater than 1.5%/yr (CHADS 2 score > 0), warfarin was more cost-effective than aspirin. However, at a stroke rate above 5.1%/yr (CHADS 2  score > 2), dabigatran 150 mg twice daily became cost effective. In patients at high risk of hemorrhage (6.6% major bleeds/yr), dabigatran 150 mg twice daily was cost-effective at a stroke rate greater than 3.0% /yr (CHADS 2  score > 1). Neither dabigatran 110 mg twice daily nor dual therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) were likely to be cost-effective.   Conclusion:  Dabigatran 150 mg twice daily is likely to be cost-effective in those patients with atrial fibrillation who are at high risk of hemorrhage, high risk of stroke, or both.
Abstract 4180: Clonal evolution of tumor cell population in a patient with repetitively recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (DFSP)
Authors: Ensel Oh, Yoon-La Choi, Sang Yun Ha, Eun Hee Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Sung Joo Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Ji-Young Song, Young Kee Shin, Hae Min Jung, Mi Jeong Kwon
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract It has been suggested that most tumors arise from a single cell of origin, and tumor progression results from acquired genetic variability within the original clone allowing sequential selection of more aggressive sublines. We investigated clonal evolution of tumor cell population with the tissues obtained from a sarcoma patient who experienced recurrence 4 times (in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2012). Along the repetitive recurrences, we observed that the tumors which showed, initially, benign morphology and behaviors turned to be malignant from the 3rd recurrence. We performed whole exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations occurred in each recurrent tumor, and traced the change of tumor cell population. From the sequencing results, the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion which is a well-known oncogenic driver of DFSP was detected in all of the recurrent tumors, however, there was no other overlap of mutated genes between the 1st recurred tumor and the following ones. It suggests that there were at least two tumor cell populations which evolved independently after acquisition of oncogenic driver mutation, and the initial tumor cells which represented majority of the original tumor were replaced by the other tumor cells which survived from the systemic chemotherapy, and it finally led to a dramatic change in morphology and behavior of the tumor. We expect that the mutated genes in each population would give us a clue to understand the mechanism of malignancy of DFSP. Citation Format: Ensel Oh, Yoon-La Choi, Sang Yun Ha, Eun Hee Lee, Jeeyun Lee, Sung Joo Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Ji-Young Song, Young Kee Shin, Hae Min Jung, Mi Jeong Kwon. Clonal evolution of tumor cell population in a patient with repetitively recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (DFSP). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4180
Multiplication Broken and Restored
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scoring systems for measuring progression of visual field loss in clinical trials of Glaucoma treatment
Authors: Joanne Katz
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)

Objectives To compare the statistical properties of two visual field scoring systems used by clinical trials of glaucoma treatments with a view to their performance as longitudinal measures of visual field progression. Design Cohort study comparing the scoring systems used by the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) and the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) using pairs of visual fields (C-30-2 of the Humphrey Analyzer) spaced 1 year apart. Participants Sixty-seven eyes of 56 subjects with glaucomatous visual field loss from a natural history study of glaucoma were examined. Methods Because both scoring systems are scaled so that they range from 0 to 20, the AGIS and CIGTS scores were compared by scatterplot, Pearson correlation, and the mean difference between scores. The difference between pairs of scores 1 year apart was used to compare the temporal variability of each scoring system. The proportion of subjects whose visual field "deteriorated" in 1 year by the amount specified for unconfirmed progression in each clinical trial was calculated. Main outcome measures Mean difference in scores 1 year apart and the variance of these differences were measured. Results The median scores for the first of the two fields was 5.2 (interquartile range [IQR] = 9.8) for CIGTS and 5.0 (IQR = 7.0) for AGIS. The CIGTS scores were slightly larger than AGIS scores by an average of 0.5 (P = 0.06). The mean CIGTS score of the baseline fields was 0.06 (standard deviation = 3.8) higher than the mean of the second fields and 0.12 (standard deviation = 2.8) higher for AGIS. Fifteen percent of eyes had CIGTS scores that deteriorated by three or more (the cutoff for unconfirmed progression) over 1 year, while 7.5% of eyes had AGIS scores that deteriorated by four or more (the AGIS cutoff for unconfirmed progression) over the same period. Twenty-one percent improved by CIGTS criteria, while 12% improved by AGIS criteria. Conclusions CIGTS scores are systematically slightly higher than AGIS scores. The CIGTS scoring system has higher temporal variability than the AGIS system. The CIGTS criterion for unconfirmed progression over a 1-year period is likely to lead to higher estimated rates of progression than the AGIS criteria. This is mostly because of the difference in the definition of progression between the two study criteria.
753. Evaluation of AAV Neutralizing Antibodies Using a Passive Immunity Model in SCID Mice
Authors: Ciaran D. Scallan, Tongyao Liu, Susannah Patarroyo-White, Haiyan Jiang, Shangzhen Zhou, Glenn Pierce, Linda B. Couto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The existence of pre-existing antibodies in the human population represents one of the greatest challenges to gene delivery using viral vectors. To evaluate the effect of neutralizing antibodies on the intra-hepatic delivery of AAV vectors in vivo, a passive immunity (PI) model was developed by intravenous (IV) injection of purified human immunoglobulin (IVIg) into SCID mice. IVIg was chosen as a source of anti-AAV antibodies as it is purified from thousands of individuals with presumably different AAV antibody characteristics. AAV human FIX (AAV2-hFIX) vectors were then delivered via the portal vein, tail vein or by direct liver injection. FIX expression was used as a measure of vector escape from neutralization. Even in the presence of low neutralizing titers (<1:10), viral transduction was either completely eliminated in the case of IV delivered vector (5 × 1011 vg/mouse) or nearly so for vector delivered via the portal vein or direct liver injection (1 × 1011 vg/mouse). This neutralization capacity was not predicted by an in vitro neutralizing assay. Changing the rate of vector delivery and the injection volume did not reduce the level of neutralization. However, AAV pseudotypes 8 and 6 were more resistant to neutralization than AAV2 (96% neutralization for AAV2 compared to 59% for AAV8 and 76% for AAV6, at titers of 1:4, 1:7 and 1:6 respectively, and at a dose of 1 × 1011 vg/mouse). Furthermore, the neutralization effect was partially overcome if the injected vector also contained empty particles suggesting that immuno-absorption of antibodies might be a useful strategy to circumvent viral neutralization. In summary, we have established an animal model to evaluate the neutralization effect on AAV liver transduction and are applying it to the evaluation of AAV serotypes and delivery approaches.
Abstract 15666: Terminal T-Wave Concordance Increases the Sensitivity of Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Kenneth W Dodd, Kendra D Elm, Stephen W Smith
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: We have previously shown that the first two Sgarbossa criteria modified with the Smith ratio rule (concordant ST elevation (STE) >= 1 mm; concordant ST depression (STD) >= 1 mm in V1-V3; or ST/S ratio =< -0.25) can diagnose acute coronary occlusion (ACO) with 90% sensitivity and specificity. But these modified Sgarbossa criteria are likely less sensitive for the diagnosis of MI without ACO (NSTEMI). In Sgarbossa’s original study, T-wave concordance in V5 or V6 was specific but insensitive for any MI (STEMI or NSTEMI); we previously reported that this is also true for STEMI patients.

Hypothesis: We hypothesize that T-wave concordance will be a sensitive and specific marker of NSTEMI in LBBB.

Methods: Retrospectively, ECGs of ED patients with LBBB and ischemic symptoms were obtained. STEMI patients had 1) angiographically proven complete ACO or 2) culprit lesion and troponin I >= 10 ng/ml. NSTEMI patients were those in which ACO was excluded but had clinically diagnosed MI. Control patients had negative troponins. Measurements were ST segment at the J-point and S-wave amplitude. The T-wave was concordant if the majority of the T-wave was in the same direction as the majority of the QRS complex. Terminal T-wave concordance was defined as a biphasic T-wave with the terminal portion > 0.5 mm in the direction of the QRS. Statistics were by McNemar’s test.

Results: The STEMI, NSTEMI, and no-MI groups consisted of 33, 24, and 105 patients. Both terminal T-wave concordance and overall T-wave concordance were more sensitive but less specific than the original Sgarbossa criteria for diagnosis of NSTEMI (Table 1; p < 0.05). Addition of terminal T-wave concordance to the modified Sgarbossa criteria increased sensitivity for diagnosis of any MI (Table 2; p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Terminal T-wave concordance is a sensitive marker of NSTEMI in LBBB. When added to the modified Sgarbossa criteria, this criterion significantly increases the sensitivity of ECG diagnosis of acute MI in LBBB.

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Hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent: an overview
Authors: A. Salam, S. Aryiku, O.E. Dadzie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent: an overview Get access A. Salam, A. Salam Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Aryiku, S. Aryiku Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O.E. Dadzie O.E. Dadzie Department of Dermatology and Histopathology The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust Northwick Park Hospital Watford Road Harrow HA1 3UJ U.K Correspondence Ophelia E. Dadzie. E‐mail: opheliadadzie@nhs.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue s3, 1 October 2013, Pages 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12534 Published: 01 October 2013
Induction of photoreceptor-specific phenotypes in adult mammalian iris tissue
Authors: Masatoshi Haruta, Mitsuko Kosaka, Yumi Kanegae, Izumu Saito, Tomoyuki Inoue, Ryoichiro Kageyama, Akihiro Nishida, Yoshihito Honda, Masayo Takahashi
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2001)
Diagnosing suspected ectopic pregnancy
Authors: A. K Sau
Journal: BMJ (2001)

# Can we offer completely non-surgical management for ectopic pregnancy? {#article-title-2}

EDITOR—In his editorial Ankum discussed using measurements of serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin and transvaginal scanning to diagnose ectopic pregnancy.1 These two diagnostic modalities have opened up the possibility of a new era of non-laparoscopic diagnosis. Owing to the inconsistencies in the calibration of assays for human chorionic gonadotrophin and variations in the ability of ultrasonographers, each department should define its own “discriminatory zone” for human chorionic gonadotrophin.2 Clinicians using non-laparoscopic diagnostic algorithms should be prepared to perform a laparoscopy when the concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin is <2000 mIU/ml and there is less than a 50% increase in human chorionic gonadotrophin in 48 hours with no intrauterine gestation sac on transvaginal scanning.3

Laparoscopy should be used for treatment more often than for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Are we in a position to offer that? …
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression and growth using antisense peptide nucleic acids
Authors: Natalia Nekhotiaeva, Satish Kumar Awasthi, Peter E. Nielsen, Liam Good
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene function studies in bacteria lag behind progress in genome sequencing, in part because current reverse genetics technology based on genome disruption does not allow subtle control of gene expression for all genes in a range of species. Essential genes and clustered regions are particularly problematic. Antisense technology offers an attractive alternative for microbial genomics. Unfortunately, bacteria lack RNAi mechanisms and conventional oligonucleotides are not taken up efficiently. However, in Escherichia coli, efficient and gene-specific antisense knock down is possible using antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) attached to carrier peptides (KFFKFFKFFK). Carrier peptides can enter a range of microbial species, and in this study we asked whether peptide–PNAs could mediate antisense effects in Staphylococcus aureus. Using low micromolar concentrations we observed dose- and sequence-dependent inhibition of the reporter gene gfp and endogenous gene phoB. Also, antisense peptide–PNAs targeted to the essential genes fmhB, gyrA, and hmrB were growth inhibitory. Control peptide–PNAs were much less effective, and sequence alterations within the PNA and target mRNA sequences reduced or eliminated inhibition. Further development is needed to raise the antibacterial potential of PNAs, but the present results show that the approach can be used to study gene function and requirement in this important pathogen.
Ireland faces shortage of doctors as applications from outside the EU fall
Authors: Doug Payne
Journal: BMJ (2000)

There is a growing shortage of doctors from outside the European Union in the Republic of Ireland. Doctors' leaders attribute the situation to the introduction just over three years ago of stricter assessment exams, which include proficiency in English.

A number of senior doctors are warning that the situation is now so critical that some hospital departments may possibly collapse this summer.

When the new system was put in place in December 1996, there were more than 1000 applications a year for temporary registration from doctors outside the European Union. The number has plummeted, and when the first exam was to be held it had to be postponed because only four applications …
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKÆMIA TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF PREDNISONE, VINCRISTINE, AND RUBIDOMYCIN
Authors: G. Mathé, M. Hayat, L. Schwarzenberg, J.L. Amiel, M. Schneider, A. Cattan, J.R. Schlumberger, C. Jasmin
Journal: The Lancet (1967)
Intravenous beta blockade in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: A Owen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In the 1980s two large randomised controlled trials showed a reduction in early mortality when intravenous βblockers were given acutely to patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction, 12 and the use of β blockers in acute myocardial infarction has since been recommended.3 Yet intravenous β blockade is rarely used in Britain. In the ISIS-4 trial, for example, it was given to only 5% of patients enrolled in Britain compared with about 30% of those enrolled in Italy and America.4 This is consistent with anecdotal evidence that few British hospitals routinely use intravenous β blockade in acute myocardial infarction.

The evidence is persuasive. In the Gothenburg metoprolol trial, metoprolol 15 mg was given intravenously as soon as possible after the arrival of the patient in hospital followed by oral metoprolol 100 mg twice daily.1 At 90 days there was a 36% reduction in total mortality in the group treated with metoprolol. In ISIS-1 atenolol 10 mg was given intravenously immediately on admission followed by …
Abstract 9321: Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony as a Determinant of Torsional Mechanics in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kensuke Matsumoto, Hidekazu Tanaka, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Mana Hiraishi, Akihiro Kaneko, Takayuki Tsuji, Keiko Ryo, Yuko Fukuda, Kazuhiro Tatsumi, Hiroya Kawai, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Although left ventricular (LV) torsion is mainly determined by LV contraction, the impact of dyssynchrony on LV torsional behavior is not fully investigated. Since LV function in reality is a three-dimensional (3-D) phenomenon, 3-D echo methods appear to be advantageous to assess LV torsion. We therefore used 3-D speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess the impact of LV dyssynchrony on LV torsional mechanics in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: This study included 65 subjects; 20 DCM with ejection fraction (EF) ≤35% and wide QRS (≥120ms), 20 DCM with EF≤35% and narrow QRS (&lt;120ms), and 25 normal controls. LV torsion was quantified by means of 3-D speckle-tracking echocardiography. LV dyssynchrony was determined as the standard deviation of time-to-peak radial strain from 16 LV segments (dyssynchrony index). Similarly, regional heterogeneity of LV rotation was quantified as the standard deviation of time-to-peak rotation from 16 LV segments (rotational disparity index). Results: LV torsion in DCM with wide QRS was significantly smaller than that in DCM with narrow QRS and normals (0.41±0.25*† vs. 0.85±0.39* vs. 2.51±0.70 degrees/cm, *p&lt;0.01 vs. normals, †p&lt;0.01 vs. narrow QRS DCM). LV dyssynchrony and rotational disparity index in DCM with wide QRS were significantly larger than those in DCM with narrow QRS and normals (dyssynchrony index; 127.3±24.0*† vs. 88.8±22.5* vs. 30.9±10.0 ms, rotational disparity index; 115.1±27.5*† vs. 96.0±23.4* vs. 45.0±13.7 ms, *p&lt;0.01 vs. normals, †p&lt;0.01 vs. narrow QRS DCM). Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that the EF (β=-0.038, p&lt;0.001) and rotational disparity index (β=-0.007, p&lt;0.01) were independent determinants of LV torsion. Conclusions: LV dyssynchrony negatively affects the LV torsional mechanics in DCM patients. This approach may play a clinical role in management of such patients.