tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Single-Copy IS5-Like Transposon in the Genome of a Bdelloid Rotifer
Authors: E. A. Gladyshev, I. R. Arkhipova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

In the course of sequencing telomeric chromosomal regions of the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga, we encountered an unusual DNA transposon. Unlike other bdelloid and, more generally, eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs), it exhibits similarity to prokaryotic insertion sequences (ISs). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this transposon, named IS5_Av, is related to the ISL2 group of the IS5 family of bacterial IS elements. Despite the apparent intactness of the single open reading frame coding for a DDE transposase and the perfect identity of its 213-bp terminal inverted repeats (TIRs), the element is present in only one copy per diploid genome. It does not exhibit any detectable levels of transcription, so that its transposase gene appears to be silent in the bdelloid host. Although horizontal transfers of TEs between kingdoms are not known to happen in nature, it appears likely that IS5_Av underwent integration into the A. vaga genome relatively recently, but was not successful in adapting to the new host and failed to increase in copy number. Alternatively, it might be the only known member of a novel eukaryotic DNA TE superfamily which is so rare that its other members, if any, have not yet been identified in eukaryotic genomes sequenced to date.
Reduced coronary dilatory capacity and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium in patients with angina pectoris but normal coronary arteriograms.
Authors: D Opherk, H Zebe, E Weihe, G Mall, C Dürr, B Gravert, H C Mehmel, F Schwarz, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Hemodynamic and metabolic studies were performed in 15 patients without heart disease (controls, group A), in 21 patients with typical stress-induced anginal pain but normal coronary and left ventricular angiograms (angina pectoris with normal arteriogram, group B), and in 10 patients with angiographically proved coronary artery disease (CAD, group C). Coronary dilatory capacity, determined by measuring total myocardial blood flow at rest and during maximal coronary vasodilatation (dipyridamole, 0.5 mg/kg i.v.), was markedly reduced in group B and C patients. In group B patients, left ventricular catheter biopsy specimens revealed no evidence of small-vessel disease, but did show histologic alterations of mitochondria. During atrial pacing, the control subjects showed no changes in myocardial lactate uptake, whereas in group B patients, myocardial lactate production occurred. In contrast to controls, patients in group B showed a significant decline in ejection fraction and circumferential fiber shortening during isometric exercise. These findings suggest that myocardial ischemia is the cause of angina pectoris in patients who have angina but normal coronary arteriograms.
iASPP Inhibition: Increased Options in Targeting the p53 Family for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Helen S. Bell, Kevin M. Ryan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Strategies to induce p53 for cancer therapy offer appeal but many tumors harbor inactivating p53 mutations. One way to address this situation may be to activate the p53-related protein p73, which functions similarly, but unlike p53, is rarely lost or mutated in cancer. Along these lines, a recent study reports that a p53-derived peptide that targets iASPP-a common negative regulator of p53 family members--can effectively trigger tumor cell death by a p73-dependent mechanism. These findings promote further study of iASPP targeting as a therapeutic strategy to activate p73.
Stenosis of Renal Artery: An Unselected Necropsy Study
Authors: C. J. Schwartz, T. A. White
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Over 50 years ago Janeway (1909) demonstrated an elevated blood-pressure level in the dog after constriction of the renal artery, an observation which was subsequently elaborated by Goldblatt et al. (1934).Since these studies the concept of renal hypertension has become firmly entrenched in the medical literature, and with the advent of improved techniques in radiology and reconstructive arterial surgery renal stenosis has assumed a new significance.But surgical intervention in patients with presumptive renal ischaemia and a raised arterial pressure by either nephrectomy or arterial reconstruction has produced variable results (Braasch, 1942 ;Smith, 1956Kincaid-Smith, 1961).With an ever-increasing interest in renal stenosis as a possible and remediable cause of hypertension in man, it is essential that the frequency and distribution of this lesion in both normo- tensive and hypertensive patients be clearly defined.Sutton et al. (1961) have shown radiologically demonstrable stenosis in 10% of 260 hypertensive subjects investigated by aorto- graphy.Eyler et al. (1962) reviewed a selected series of 500 patients, and found radiologically normal renal arteries in 75 out of 196 hypertensive subjects, and in 206 out of 304 normo- tensives.These workers emphasized that radiological renal artery stenosis, even with post-stenotic dilatation, can occur in normotensive subjects.So far the few pathological studies reported have not clarified the picture.Blackman (1939) reported the necropsy findings in 50 cases with "hypertension" and 50 "controls" whose age and mode of selection were not defined, save that they were not hypertensive and had no cardiac hypertrophy.In his series the whole length of the renal arteries was not always available for study.Other studies include those of Richardson (1943), Lisa et al. (1943), and Holley et al. (1962).The latter authors concluded that renal arterial stenosis was common in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects aged 50 and over.In this unselected necropsy study we have determined the prevalence and distribution of renal arterial stenosis in both the extrarenal and intrarenal segments of the arterial tree.The relation of stenosis to various clinical and pathological parameters is discussed. Composition of the Necropsy SampleDuring the years 1962-3 an unselected series of kidneys and renal arteries was obtained from 154 patients on whom necropsies were performed in the Royal Adelaide Hospital.This sample included all cases presenting on consecutive Wednesdays and alternate Sundays.Relevant dinical details including casual blood-pressure measurements were obtained
PROPENSITY SCORE-ADJUSTED COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING TRANSAPICAL VS. TRANSFEMORAL TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Venkatesan Vidi, Zia Rab, Dan Inder Sraow, Effe A. Mihelis, S. Jacob Scheinerman, Robert Palazzo, Barry M. Kaplan, Rajiv Jauhar, Perwaiz Meraj
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reductions in pre-season training loads reduce training injury rates in rugby league players
Authors: T J Gabbett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To investigate if reductions in pre-season training loads reduced the incidence of training injuries in rugby league players, and to determine if the reductions in training loads compromised the improvements in physical fitness obtained during the pre-season preparation period.A total of 220 sub-elite rugby league players participated in this 3 year prospective study. Players underwent measurements of speed, muscular power, and maximal aerobic power before and after three 4 month (December to March) pre-season preparation periods (2001-2003). A periodised skills and conditioning program was implemented, with training loads progressively increased in the general preparatory phase of the season (December to February) and reduced slightly in March in preparation for the competitive phase of the season. Training loads were calculated by multiplying the training session intensity by the duration of the training session. Following the initial season (2001), training loads were reduced through reductions in training duration (2002) and training intensity (2003). The incidence of injury was prospectively recorded over the three pre-season periods.The training loads for the 2002 and 2003 pre-season periods were significantly lower (p<0.001) than those in 2001. The incidence of injury was significantly higher in the 2001 pre-season than the 2002 and 2003 pre-season periods. The increases in maximal aerobic power progressively improved across the three seasons with a 62-88% probability that the 2002 and 2003 pre-season improvements in maximal aerobic power were of greater physiological significance than the 2001 pre-season improvements in maximal aerobic power.These findings demonstrate that reductions in pre-season training loads reduce training injury rates in rugby league players and result in greater improvements in maximal aerobic power.
Industrial Dermatitis Due to Contact with Brass
Authors: George E. Morris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

CONTACT dermatitis from brass has not previously been reported. A survey of the literature fails to reveal any proved cases of this condition. Schwartz, Tulipan and Peck1 failed to find any positive reactions to brass in patients they examined with so-called "brass poisoning." This evidence suggests that brass does not cause skin trouble. Other (Downing2 and Klauder3) who have reported on large numbers of cases of contact dermatitis failed to report any due to brass.With this array of negative evidence, it is not surprising then that the following cases were at first not recognized, that the patients were . . .
Diabetes control in older people
Authors: L. A. McLaren, T. J. Quinn, G. A. McKay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Treat the patient not the HbA1c

Medical providers must prepare for two important demographic changes—the increase in life expectancy and the fact that we are getting fatter. As a consequence, the prevalence of diabetes is rising across the age spectrum, including among older people. People over the age of 65 years with diabetes experience higher rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications, which leads to increased hospital admissions, healthcare expenditure, and requirements for social care. Treating older people with diabetes is challenging, not least because the risks of hypoglycaemia and associated complications from overly aggressive treatment are also increased.

In recognition of this treatment paradox, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Geriatrics Society published a joint statement providing guidance for clinicians.1 Previous American Geriatrics Society guidelines recommended treatment aimed at achieving a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of less than 53 mmol/mol (<7%) for all adults, regardless of age.2 The new guidance, however, emphasises the need to tailor treatment in older people. This echoes statements from the British Geriatrics Society and the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People, which both supported this approach,3 4 recommending that hypoglycaemia, ability to self manage, cognitive status, comorbidities, and life expectancy are taken into account when making decisions on treatment.

The new …
Dissociation of phagocytosis from stimulation of the oxidative metabolic burst in macrophages.
Authors: K Yamamoto, R B Johnston
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We explored the relationship between phagocytosis and the triggering of oxidative metabolism using resident, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited, and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with IgG [E(IgG)], E coated with IgM and complement [E(IgM)C], and E treated with 1% glutaraldehyde (GE) were used as stimuli. All three types of macrophages released superoxide anion (O2-) during phagocytosis of E(IgG). All macrophage types phagocytosed E(IgM)C and GE but none were stimulated to release O2- during phagocytosis of these particles. Vigorous consumption of oxygen was also stimulated by the ingestion of E(IgG) but not by ingestion of E(IgM)C or GE. E(IgM)C did not scavenge the O2- released from macrophages during phagocytosis of E(IgG) or during exposure to phorbol myristate acetate, and further addition of IgG anti-E antibody to E(IgM)C or GE permitted optimal stimulation of macrophage O2- release by these particles. The capacity of macrophages to ingest E(IgM)C and GE without stimulating the respiratory burst raises the possibility that clearance of particulate matter not opsonized with specific IgG might be achieved without stimulation of the release of toxic oxygen metabolites, and, therefore, without the risk of oxidative damage to the phagocytic cell or surrounding tissue.
TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA WITH PARTIALLY AUTOLYZED PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: E. C. ROSENOW
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Rosenow has shown that when virulent pneumococci are suspended in physiologic salt solution the substance or substances on which their resistance to phagocytosis and virulence depend pass into solution.<sup>1</sup>The soluble part or "virulin" at a certain stage of autolysis is highly toxic and has little immunizing action, while the insoluble remnants have well-marked antigenic properties and practically no toxic effects. The soluble toxic part has been found to interfere with the formation of antibodies following injections of the non-toxic insoluble remnants. The protective value against experimental pneumococcus infections of detoxicated pneumococci has been found to be greater than that of heat-killed pneumococci.<sup>2</sup>For these reasons it seemed advisable to determine, if possible, whether or not the injection of virulent pneumococci, from which the readily soluble and toxic parts have been removed, would have any influence on the course and death-rate of lobar pneumonia. <h3>PREPARATION OF ANTIGENS</h3> The
Notch/Rbp-j signaling prevents premature endocrine and ductal cell differentiation in the pancreas
Authors: Junji Fujikura, Kiminori Hosoda, Hiroshi Iwakura, Tsutomu Tomita, Michio Noguchi, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Kenji Tanigaki, Daisuke Yabe, Tasuku Honjo, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Advertisements referring to unpublished data
Authors: S. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

dase activities.The maximum change observed was: 1 U/1-this corresponded to a 16' increase for one subject (6 to 7 U/i) and a 14",, decrease (7 to 6 U/i) for another.When coupled with the allowable limits of error for the y-glutamyltranspeptidase method ( 10", in range 0-20 U/1), however, these changes were not significant.Similarly, no significant changes were found in concentrations of serum aspartate transaminase, another enzyme used in the diagnosis of alcohol related problems.
Evaluation and Standardization of Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot (ELISPOT) Assay for Measurement of Pathogen-Specific T-cell Responses in Normal Donors
Authors: G.V. Yamshchikov, J.A. Franklin, C.D. Williams, L.K. Wathen, J.F. Halsey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The Business Committee.
Authors: Horace M. Starkey
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, July 15, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to call the attention of the members of theAssociationto a recommendation made at the last meeting by the Business Committee. The recommendation was not presented to theAssociationuntil the last session and was then, through a misapprehension I am sure, laid on the table. The belief that those who voted to lay the resolution on the table, would have voted to adopt it had they understood its provisions; and the belief that it is much easier to consider a proposition of this kind between meetings, than it is in the hurry of a session is my excuse for presenting it now. The recommendation was as follows: (SeeJournalMay 16, 1896. Page 988). "<i>Resolved</i>, That there be made an Executive Council of five, consisting of the three officers of the Executive Committee, and two members chosen by election.
Adverse Drug Reactions and Death
Authors: Nelson S. Irey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A study of 827 cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in which autopsies were done was carried out to determine the relative frequency of drugs that caused adverse reactions, their sites of action, and the variety of pathologic processes induced by them. Because a variety of nondrug factors played critical roles in generating many of the ADRs, these 827 cases were divided into seven groups. Only one of these groups (25% of the total) met the criteria of ADRs in the usual definitional sense and were also lethal. The validity of the diagnoses of both the ADRs and the basic diseases being treated was strengthened by the addition of morphologic findings to the data base and by the use of an analytic algorithm that was specifically developed for and directed to the evaluation of ADRs.
Effect of 22-oxa-calcitriol on calcium metabolism in rats with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Marcos Kubrusly, Eve-Reine Gagné, Pablo Ureña, Catherine Hanrotel, Sophie Chabanis, Bernard Lacour, Tilman B. Drüeke, Guillaume Jehenne, Patricia Duchambon, Hélène Banide, Nathalie Pacher
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Relationship between HLA-DR expression by normal myeloid progenitor cells and inhibition of colony growth by prostaglandin E. Implications for prostaglandin E resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Authors: S A Cannistra, F Herrmann, R Davis, K Nichols, J D Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The expression of HLA-DR antigens by normal myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) has been linked to inhibition of colony growth by prostaglandin E (PGE), while resistance to the inhibitory effects of PGE in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been attributed to a lower fraction of HLA-DR+ CFU-GM in this disease. However, we have previously shown that virtually all CFU-GM in normal bone marrow (NBM) as well as CML peripheral blood express HLA-DR antigens, which raises the possibility that these surface molecules may not be the sole determinants of a progenitor cell's sensitivity to PGE. In order to evaluate the relationship between HLA-DR expression and prostaglandin inhibition, we partially purified NBM progenitor cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to prepare cell fractions with high and low HLA-DR antigen density. Normal progenitor cells with high DR density tended to form monocyte colonies in agar culture, whereas the low DR density fraction was enriched for granulocyte colony-forming cells. Inhibition by PGE was greatest in the high DR+ fraction and was largely restricted to monocyte progenitor cells. Inhibition of CFU-GM by PGE was less in CML than in NBM, but this decreased inhibition correlated with a significantly lower number of monocyte-CFU in CML. These data suggest that high HLA-DR antigen density may select for normal progenitor cells that are committed to monocyte differentiation and are, therefore, more likely to be inhibited by PGE. The relative deficit of monocyte progenitor cells in CML may partially explain the phenomenon of PGE resistance in this disease.
Right Atrial Flutter Due to Lower Loop Reentry
Authors: Jie Cheng, William R. Cabeen, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The mechanisms of an atrial flutter (AFL) that is more rapid and at times more irregular than typical AFL are unknown. Methods and Results —Twenty-nine patients with AFL were studied. Atrial electrograms were recorded from a 20-pole catheter placed against the tricuspid annulus (TA), with its distal electrodes lateral to the isthmus between the TA and the eustachian ridge (ER), and from the His bundle and coronary sinus catheters. Atrial extrastimuli were delivered in the TA-ER isthmus during typical AFL. Episodes of a right atrial flutter rhythm that was different from typical AFL were induced in 3 patients and occurred spontaneously in 3 patients. This sustained AFL, designated as lower-loop reentry (LLR), involved the lower right atrium (RA), as manifested by early breakthrough in the lower RA, wave-front collision in the high lateral RA or septum, and conduction through the TA-ER isthmus. Linear ablation resulting in bidirectional conduction block in the TA-ER isthmus terminated spontaneous LLR in 3 patients and rendered LLR noninducible in all patients. The cycle length of LLR was shorter than that of typical AFL (217±32 versus 272±40 ms, P &lt;0.01). Alternating LLR and typical AFL in 1 patient resulted in cycle length oscillation. Conclusions —LLR is a subtype of right atrial flutter and depends on conduction through the TA-ER isthmus.
Visual hallucinations and illusions with propranolol.
Authors: R Fleminger
Journal: BMJ (1978)

and chest pain simulating prolonged angina or a myocardial infarction which occurred about 30 minutes after taking the drug.These symptoms lasted for up to three hours and did not recur when the drug was withdrawn.We considered the chest pain to be a direct effect of nifedipine treatment.Nifedipine increases the myocardial blood supply and reduces coronary sinus lactate concentrations.It also tends to increase cardiac output and heart rate and to reduce peripheral resistance.4 5 These effects possibly caused the cardiac pain in our patients.We suggest that patients starting treatment with nifedipine should be warned to discontinue the drug immediately if they ex- perience these side effects.
THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN CORONARY CARE UNITS: A REGISTRY STUDY
Authors: Michael Yin-Cheung Tsang, Carolyn Taylor, Jennifer Rajala, Kevin Ong, Graham Wong, Annie Chou, Perminder S. Bains, Christopher Fordyce, Del Dorscheid, Krishnan Ramanathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)