tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal stones and urinary infection: a study of antibiotic treatment.
Authors: R H Chinn, R Maskell, J A Mead, A Polak
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Twenty-two patients in whom renal calculi and urinary infection were closely associated were studied over two to five years. Four patients had previously had stones surgically removed, and five underwent pyelolithotomy during the course of the study. Urinary infection was treated with an appropriate antibacterial agent, and treatment was followed by long-term prophylaxis, usually with cotrimoxazole. A sterile urine was maintained for long periods in all these patients. In four patients, however, apparent stone growth occurred while the urine was sterile. On entering the study 21 of the 22 patients complained of symptoms. After treatment 19 of the 20 patients who were still attending were symptom-free. Six of the 22 patients entered the study with raised levels of serum creatinine; levels fell in four and remained raised in two. This antibacterial regimen, either alone or after surgery, will usually relieve symptoms and may prevent deterioration of renal function.
Isolated left ventricular pacing is superior to biventricular pacing in patients with normal PQ-time
Authors: Klaus W. Kurzidim, Thomas Neumann, Heinrich Reinke, Johannes Sperzel, Gregor Siemon, Christian Reiner, Hassan Bahavar, Christian W. Hamm, Heinz F. Pitschner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
It's not just about rubbing—topical capsaicin and topical salicylates may be useful as adjuvants to conventional pain treatment
Authors: Martin R Tramèr
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Commentary: It's not just about rubbing-topical capsaicin and topical salicylates may be useful as adjuvants to conventional pain treatment Martin R TramèrDrugs can be injected (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intrathecally, epidurally); given by mouth (orally, sublingually), intranasally, or rectally; or inhaled.They can also be applied to the skin.The transdermal method is suitable for certain lipid soluble drugs and produces a steady rate of delivery for up to three days.Cutaneous administration is used when a local effect on the skin is required.Drugs may also be applied to the skin to achieve close proximity to the bones or muscles without flooding the organism; this is the case when, for instance, an analgesic cream is applied to a painful knee.The two reviews by Mason and coworkers (Oxford
Detection of Primary Angle Closure Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Asian Eyes
Authors: Winifred P. Nolan, Jovina L. See, Paul T.K. Chew, David S. Friedman, Scott D. Smith, Sunita Radhakrishnan, Ce Zheng, Paul J. Foster, Tin Aung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Direct in vivo gene transfer into porcine myocardium using replication-deficient adenoviral vectors.
Authors: B A French, W Mazur, R S Geske, R Bolli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Efficient methods of introducing genes into myocardial cells must be developed before local somatic cell gene therapy can be implemented against myocardial disease. Although adenoviral (Ad5) vectors have been used to target rodent hearts and plasmid DNA has been directly injected into the myocardium of rats and dogs, the amounts of recombinant protein produced by these procedures have not been reported, and adenoviral vectors have not been used in large mammalian hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vectors carrying either the luciferase or lacZ reporter genes were injected directly into the ventricular myocardium of adult domestic swine for evaluation of reporter gene expression. This procedure did not affect regional myocardial function as assessed by systolic wall thickening using ultrasonic crystals. Luciferase activity was detected 3 days after injection, increased markedly at 7 days, and then declined progressively at 14 and 21 days. Luciferase production was comparable in the right and left ventricular walls and increased with increasing amounts of virus, reaching 61 +/- 21 ng at the highest dose examined (3.6 x 10(9) plaque-forming units). The injection of 200 micrograms of plasmid DNA (pRSVL) produced levels of luciferase comparable to 1.8 x 10(8) plaque-forming units of recombinant Ad5; however, when normalized to the number of genes injected, the adenovirus was 140,000 times more efficient than plasmid DNA. Histochemical analysis of beta-galactosidase activity produced by a second Ad5 vector demonstrated that nearly all (&gt; 95%) of the stained cells were cardiomyocytes and that the percentage of cardiomyocytes infected by the virus could be quite high in microscopic regions adjacent to the needle track (up to 75% in fields of 60 to 70 cells); however, Ad5-infected cells were rarely observed farther than 5 mm from the injection site. Furthermore, the Ad5 vector induced pronounced leukocytic infiltration that was far in excess of that seen after injection of vehicle alone. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that direct intramyocardial injection of replication-deficient adenovirus can program recombinant gene expression in the cardiomyocytes of a large animal species with relevance to human physiology. The efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is far superior to that of plasmid DNA injection, and this method appears to be capable of producing more recombinant protein. However, the cell-mediated immune response to the Ad5 vector and the limited distribution of reporter gene expression suggest that less immunogenic recombinant vectors and more homogeneous administration methods will be required before Ad5 vectors can be successfully used for phenotypic modulation.
The failure of modern textbooks
Authors: R. K. Allen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I was recently asked by a colleague overseas to coauthor a chapter on the treatment of sarcoidosis for a book on interstitial lung disease. However, the task competes with a book I am writing about my early childhood and in which I am very much aware of the “voice” of the book. I have not yet started the chapter of the textbook but have looked at some early editions.

The overwhelming thing I observe is the failure of most modern textbooks to convey personal experience, except by virtue of a citation of some prior publication. The voice, by convention, is scientific, impersonal, passive, and not active. It is far off. The patient and the medical process are viewed like an enemy frigate through a spyglass at a league’s distance, only even less emotive. A handbook I own, …
Preoperative Radiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bernard Roswit
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "Chemoprophylaxis for Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Prospective Study With Five-Year Follow-Up" (235:2825, 1976), Drs Li and Ross have made a gross misstatement of our published data. These authors state that the use of preoperative radiotherapy gave unsatisfactory or equivocal results, and cite as reference (No. 15), our study. We clearly and unequivocally reported that in an analysis of 700 patients, all at five-year risk, there appears to be a definite benefit to irradiated patients who undergo abdominoperineal resections when compared with the controls. This advantage is reflected in increased five-year survival and reductions in lymph node invasion, local recurrence, and distant metastases.
Increased plasma levels of pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients with cardiovascular complications following off-pump coronary artery surgery
Authors: F. Kerbaul, F. Collart, R. Giorgi, C. Oddoze, P. J. Lejeune, C. Guidon, T. Caus, M. Bellezza, F. Gouin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Family Planning in London Teaching Hospitals
Authors: J. M. Brudenell
Journal: BMJ (1964)

lower incidence of cervical carcinoma prob- ably was related to the universal practice of male circumcision amongst the Muslim com- munity.That male circumcision is unlikely to be the only factor involved in reducing cervical carcinoma is evident from the con- flicting literature on the subject.As Elliott3 points out, " No more can be said for the argument than that it is a hypothesis which fits the facts."As such it deserves consideration.-I am, etc.,
Books: Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence-Based Health Care: How to Make Health Policy and Management Decisions
Authors: C. R Paton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Lesley Grayson British Library, £33, pp140 ISBN 0 712308369 J A Muir Gray Churchill Livingstone, £16.95, pp270 ISBN 0 443057214 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>, ![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img> The designation “evidence based” is becoming de rigeur in the NHS. Clearly, evidence based medicine now has the status of orthodoxy, and we also hear of evidence based health care. More ambitiously, and perhaps with some naivety, there is also talk of evidence based management and evidence based policy. The broad agenda espoused in the government's white paper The New NHS stresses quality and excellence as well as accountability for activity and money. Clinical governance, for example, is not just about professional performance (technical quality) but also about the accountability within (and of) the whole organisation for improved quality. Clearly, one perspective of evidence based medicine is as a means of basing decisions on research evidence. Grayson's Evidence-Based Medicine is … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Human FcERI-IgG and humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody MaE11 block passive sensitization of human and rhesus monkey lung
Authors: R SABAN, M HAAKFRENDSCHO, M ZINE, J RIDGWAY, C GORMAN, L PRESTA, D BJORLING, M SABAN, P JARDIEU
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Fibrocalcific Constrictive Pericarditis Due to<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>
Authors: Herman L. Klieger, Edwin R. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

RECOGNITION of the etiology of many cases of chronic fibrous and constrictive pericarditis is often clinically and pathologically difficult. In 1902 Wells,1 reporting on this problem, discerned the cause in only 14 of 57 examples studied, the remainder being designated as idiopathic. Numerous reviews2 3 4 5 6 have subsequently been recorded, and yet in less than 50 per cent has the causal agent clearly been documented. It appears of interest that recourse to more recent bacteriologic and histologic technics as well as the opportunity to obtain tissue during life by open pericardial biopsy has failed to alter this diagnostic accuracy. Indeed, Proudfit and . . .
Essential Role of DNA Base Excision Repair on Survival in an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Yuji Seo, Timothy J. Kinsella
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The base excision repair (BER) pathway is required to repair endogenous and exogenous oxidative DNA damage. Multiple DNA repair pathways have been shown to be down-regulated in the tumor microenvironment, whereas APE1/Ref1, a central protein in BER, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors. APE1/Ref1 has dual functions, participating both in BER and redox regulation of oxidized transcription factors. Here, we show that inhibition of the BER pathway in an acidic tumor microenvironment increases oxidative DNA damage temporally related to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species. Unrepaired oxidative DNA damage results in cell cycle arrests and increased DNA double-strand breaks, leading to cell death. Therefore, up-regulation of BER in solid cancers may represent an adaptive survival response. Consequently, BER inhibition may confer tumor microenvironment targeted cytotoxicity in human cancers. Our data suggest that BER inhibition is a rational basis for cancer therapy with or without other cytotoxic therapy. Additionally, our results offer insight as to why APE1/Ref1 retains its unique dual functionality, both of which counteract environmental oxidative stress. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7285–93]
STATE PROVISION FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE CONSUMPTIVE POOR.
Authors: BENJAMIN LEE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The only ground on which state charities can be justified is that of self-protection. In the case of the dependent classes, such as the insane, the deaf-mutes and the blind, protection against injury to life and property, or against the loss to society arising from enforced idleness and lack of education on the part of the sufferers, furnishes the excuse. In the case of infectious diseases, the danger to health and life from the extension of such disease justifies the erection of contagious-disease hospitals of all kinds and the expenditure of large amounts of money in the establishment and maintenance of quarantine stations. The foundation and support of hospitals simply for the relief of suffering and healing of diseases is, from the standpoint of strict political economy and true statesmanship, a flagrant misuse of public funds, and leads to serious abuses. In the year 1898, the legislature of Pennsylvania appropriated
Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis
Authors: Brigitte Bernard, Jean-Didier Grangé, Eric Nguyen Khac, Xavier Amiot, Pierre Opolon, Thierry Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

In cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the incidence of infections but most randomized trials have not shown an increase in survival. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of infections and its effect on survival rate in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Four end points were assessed: infection, bacteremia and/or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), incidence of SBP, and death. For each end point, heterogeneity and treatment efficacy were assessed by Der Simonian and Peto methods. Five trials including 534 patients, 264 treated with antibiotic prophylaxis for 4 to 10 days and 270 without, were identified. Mean follow-up was 12 days. Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly increased the mean percentage of patients free of infection (32% mean improvement rate, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22-42, P <.001), bacteremia and/or SBP (19% mean improvement rate, 95% CI: 11-26, P <.001), and SBP (7% mean improvement rate, 95% CI: 2.1-12.6, P =.006). Antibiotic prophylaxis also significantly increased the mean survival rate (9. 1% mean improvement rate, 95 % CI: 2.9-15.3, P =.004), without significant heterogeneity. In cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, short-term antibiotic prophylaxis significantly increases the mean percentage of patients free of infection and significantly increases short-term survival rate.
Abnormal ultraviolet mutagenic spectrum in plasmid DNA replicated in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with the skin cancer-prone disease, xeroderma pigmentosum.
Authors: S Seetharam, M Protić-Sabljić, M M Seidman, K H Kraemer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

A shuttle vector plasmid, pZ189, was utilized to assess the types of mutations that cells from a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D, introduce into ultraviolet (UV) damaged, replicating DNA. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have clinical and cellular UV hypersensitivity, increased frequency of sun-induced skin cancer, and deficient DNA repair. In comparison to UV-treated pZ189 replicated in DNA repair-proficient cells, there were fewer surviving plasmids, a higher frequency of plasmids with mutations, fewer plasmids with two or more mutations in the marker gene, and a new mutagenic hotspot. The major type of base substitution mutation was the G:C to A:T transition with both cell lines. These results, together with similar findings published earlier with cells from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient in complementation group A, suggest that isolated G:C to A:T somatic mutations may be particularly important in generation of human skin cancer by UV radiation.
Gynecology for the Primary Care Physician
Authors: Michelle Berlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 March 2000Gynecology for the Primary Care PhysicianMichelle Berlin, MD, MPHMichelle Berlin, MD, MPHUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Berlin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Stovall TG, Ling FW, eds. 434 pages. Philadelphia: Current Medicine; 1999. $79.95. ISBN 1573401269. Order phone 800-427-1796.Field of medicine: Obstetrics and gynecology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General internists, family medicine physicians, and nurse practitioners.Purpose: To provide primary care practitioners with front-line information to manage common gynecologic conditions.Content: The book's 48 chapters are organized into eight sections: breast, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, infertility, gynecologic cancers, urogynecology, and gynecology. The chapters are well organized and logically presented; each contains information on incidence, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.Highlights: A concerted attempt has been made to cover conditions that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Berlin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 6Page: 512KeywordsEpidemiologyGynecologic cancersInfertilityNursesObstetrics and gynecologyPregnancyPrimary carePrimary care physiciansSexually transmitted diseasesSoftware tools ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 March 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hematologic malignancy in sickle cell disease: Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Raphael B. Stricker, Charles A. Linker, Timothy J. Crowley, Stephen H. Embury
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Hematologic malignancy has rarely been reported in adults with sickle cell disease. We describe four sickle cell patients (two with hemoglobin SC, two with hemoglobin SS) who developed hematologic malignancy (acute myeloblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, malignant histiocytosis, and Hodgkin's disease). Three of the cases represent the first adult association between SC or SS hemoglobinopathy and the particular malignancy involved. Sickle hemoglobin does not appear to exert a protective effect against childhood hematologic malignancies, suggesting that better survival in sickle cell disease may be accompanied by an increased incidence of hematologic neoplasms in adulthood. Karyotypic analysis revealed alterations of chromosome 5 in two sickle cell patients with leukemia, raising the possibility of a chromosomal link between the two diseases. Further epidemiologic and cytogenetic studies are needed to define the relationship between hematologic malignancy and sickle cell disease.
All-trans Retinoic Acid for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Results of the New York Study
Authors: Stanley R. Frankel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid to induce complete remission and to examine its effects on duration of remission and survival in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Design: Phase II evaluation and comparison with historical control patients. Setting: Tertiary care cancer referral center. Patients: Consecutive patients with morphologic diagnoses of acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated during a 2-year period with all-trans retinoic acid (daily oral dose, 45 mg/m2). Newly diagnosed patients discontinued the drug approximately 30 days after they achieved complete remission, at which time they received three courses of combination chemotherapy. Patients treated with previous cytotoxic chemotherapy who then relapsed were continued on all-trans retinoic acid as "maintenance" therapy until they relapsed again. Results: 56 patients entered the study: 34 were newly diagnosed and 22 had relapsed from previous treatment. Fifty-one patients subsequently were found to have the PML/RAR-α gene rearrangement indicative of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and 44 of these patients achieved complete remission (86%; 95% CI, 76% to 96%). A distinctive respiratory distress syndrome developed in 13 patients (23%) during treatment, and 5 patients (9%; CI, 3% to 20%) died of this complication. The 5 patients who lacked PML/RAR-α rearrangements were withdrawn and given chemotherapy. The 13 patients given all-trans retinoic acid alone as maintenance therapy (10 of whom had relapsed from a chemotherapy-induced remission) had a median duration of remission of only 3.5 months (range, 1 to 23 months). Only 3 of 19 patients who relapsed from a remission induced by all-trans retinoic acid could be brought into remission again using this drug. The median survival time of all newly diagnosed patients has not been reached, but it now exceeds 31 months (range, 0.4 to 36+ months). No decrease in the early mortality rate was observed compared with a historical control group composed of 80 consecutive, newly diagnosed patients treated only with chemotherapy at this center; however, overall survival was superior. Conclusions: All-trans retinoic acid is an effective agent to induce remission in patients with a molecular diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia, but remissions are short and resistance develops rapidly. Although the incidence of early death was not reduced, the use of all-trans retinoic acid to induce remission, followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy for "consolidation," was associated with longer survival times when compared with historical controls treated only with chemotherapy. Additional studies to prevent or mitigate consequences of the "retinoic acid syndrome" and to identify specific patients who might benefit from earlier intervention with chemotherapy are needed to maximize the advantages of this approach.
Haemodynamic Studies with Peruvoside in Human Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: M. L. Bhatia, S. C. Manchanda, S. B. Roy
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The immediate haemodynamic effects of peruvoside, a cardiac glycoside obtained from the Indian plant <i>Thevetia neriifolia</i> Juss, were studied in six patients with congestive heart failure. The drug was found to have an immediate and powerful positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effect, like ouabain, on the failing human heart. Oral peruvoside was also effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure when used on a short-term as well as a long-term basis. It therefore seems that peruvoside is a useful cardiac glycoside in the management of congestive heart failure in man as a quick-acting intravenous preparation. It is equally effective when used orally.