tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Rh isoimmunization. Progress report of the clinical trial in mothers
Authors: V. J. Freda
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Many workers have shown conclusively that passive antibody is capable of specific immunosuppression of the active immunity that follows injection of an antigen. 1-18 It is also clear from experimental results in mice that specific IgG antibody is from 100 to 200 times more immunosuppressive than specific IgM antibody. 18 No attempts had been made to apply this very real immunological phenomenon as a means of immunosuppression for a practical purpose until in 1960 three of the authors (V.J.F., J.G.G., and W.P.) began a program to explore the possibilities of using passive antibody to prevent Rh-negative mothers from becoming immunized by Rh-positive fetuses. 19-29 Our specific hope that the method might work for Rh was supported by the implications of Levine's observations 30 and by actual experimental data of Stern et al, 31 that circulating anti-A and anti-B antibodies actually do prevent Rh-negative mothers from being sensitized to the Rh
Reply to Arun Sreekumar, Laila M. Poisson, Thekkelnaycke M. Rajendiran, et al.’s Letter to the Editor re: Florian Jentzmik, Carsten Stephan, Kurt Miller, et al. Sarcosine in Urine after Digital Rectal Examination Fails as a Marker in Prostate Cancer Detection and Identification of Aggressive Tumours. Eur Urol 2010;58:12–8
Authors: Florian Jentzmik, Carsten Stephan, Klaus Jung
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Color Doppler Ultrasonography and Spectral Analysis of Venous Flow in Diagnosis of Varicocele
Authors: Ali &Idot;hsan Ta&scedil;&ccedil;i, Sefa Resim, Turhan &Ccedil;a&scedil;kurlu, &Ccedil;etin Din&ccedil;el, Zeki Bayraktar, G&ouml;khan G&uuml;rb&uuml;z
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Abstract 3570: Maitake mushroom extract induces apoptosis in breast cancer MCF7 cells through BAK1 activation
Authors: Raquel Soares, Manuela Meireles, Diego Obiol, Eliana N. Alonso, Ana Rocha, Ana Pirraco, Gabriela Andrea Balogh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Maitake mushroom has various bioactive compounds. D-fraction, a protein-bound polysaccharide compound, seems to be the most potent for enhancing the immune system via oral administration or injection. In previous studies, the combination of this extract with chemotherapy suggested that the D-Fraction may have the potential to decrease the size of lung, liver, and breast tumors in cancer patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro effect of maitake D- Fraction on breast cancer MCF7 cells. Methods: Cultures of MCF7 cells, incubated with increased concentrations of liquid maitake D-fraction, 0mg/ml; 18,3pg/ml; 36pg/ml; 91pg/ml; 183pg/ml; 367pg/ml, were evaluated for viability, by MTS assay and apoptosis, by TUNEL assay. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Results: Results seem to indicate that maitake-treated cells have higher apoptosis levels and poorer viability when compared to non-treated cell cultures. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study, focusing the effect of maitake D- fraction in breast cancer cell proliferation, can drive us to new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer and show that we can find a lot of bioactive compounds in traditional food. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3570.
Conjugation of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Deoxycholic Acid for the Development of a New Oral Anticoagulant Agent
Authors: Yong-kyu Lee, Jong Hee Nam, Ho-Chul Shin, Youngro Byun
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Heparin administration is usually limited to intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Oral delivery of heparin is an alternative to this and has been in great demand for treating patients who are at a high risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. In this study, new heparin derivatives were synthesized to enhance the oral absorption of heparin in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods and Results — By using heparin of 3000 Da [LMWH(3 kDa)], heparin of 6000 Da [LMWH(6 kDa)], and unfractionated heparin (UFH), we synthesized 3 kinds of conjugates of heparin and deoxycholic acid (DOCA): LMWH(3 kDa)-DOCA, LMWH(6 kDa)-DOCA, and UFH-DOCA. After oral administration of 100 mg/kg of heparin-DOCA, the maximum activated partial thromboplastin times of the LMWH(3 kDa)-DOCA, LMWH(6 kDa)-DOCA, and UFH-DOCA were 31.0±6.0, 87.8±11.1, and 51.0±8.7 seconds, respectively. The peak plasma concentrations of LMWH(3 kDa)-DOCA, LMWH(6 kDa)-DOCA, and UFH-DOCA were 0.06±0.02, 0.76±0.15, and 0.41±0.13 IU/mL, respectively. The bioavailability of LMWH(6 kDa)-DOCA at the 20-mg/kg dosage was calculated to be 7.8%. Conclusions — LMWH(6 kDa)-DOCA was found to have a high anticoagulant effect when administered orally and could be used as a new oral anticoagulant agent. Furthermore, the present work proposed a new method for oral delivery of macromolecules and polysaccharide drugs.
Thalidomide in the treatment of cancer cachexia: a randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: J N Gordon
Journal: Gut (2005)

Proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Thalidomide, which is an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, may represent a novel and rational approach to the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Four Serogroups of Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Defined by Direct Immunofluorescence
Authors: ROGER M. McKINNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Thirty-five strains of Legionnaires' disease bacteria were shown to belong in four distinct serologic groups on the basis of findings obtained with direct fluorescent antibody testing. Thirty of the strains were placed in group 1, three in group 2, one in group 3, and one in group 4. Immunoelectrophoretic studies showed both unique and common antigens among the representative strains of the four serogroups.
Effects of corticosteroids and local anaesthetics applied directly to the synovial vascular bed.
Authors: K De Ceulaer, G Balint, A El-Ghobarey, W C Dick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

The effects of intra-articular injection of triamcinolone hexacetonide on the rate of clearance of radioactive xenon (133Xe) was studied in 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No effect of the corticosteroid injection was observed, which suggests that the drug has no immediate effect on synovial blood vessels.
Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with an oral gold preparation
Authors: K. Dalziel, S. Going, P.H. Cartwright, R. Marks, G.W. Beveridge, N.R. Rowell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

There are a number of patients who require systemic treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), but in whom anti-malarial drugs are either contra-indicated or ineffective. A novel gold preparation (‘Auranofin’, Smith, Kline & French) used previously in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has now been assessed in a group of such patients in a multicentre study. Twenty-two patients with biopsy, proven DLE were included. Patients with any serious concurrent disease or with abnormal haematological or biochemical investigations were excluded. Patients received 6–9 mg of Auranofin daily for up to i year. The commonest side-effect was diarrhoea which was usually mild and settled without stopping treatment. Other side-effects included a transient macular rash, pruritus and aphthous stomatitis. Three patients were withdrawn; one with raised alkaline phosphatase levels, one with proteinuria and one with intense pruritus of the scalp in areas affected by DLE. Of the 19 remaining patients, I2 showed a marked improvement with resolution of some or all lesions with several patients experiencing dramatic relief after many years of disease activity. Five patients showed a definite, but less marked, improvement. In general maximum improvement occurred during the early months of treatment. Lesions on the face and upper trunk responded most; thickened warty lesions on the limbs responded least. We feel that oral gold offers a useful alternative treatment for a small group of patients with DLE who can be carefully monitored.
Hyaluronic acid hydrogel as Nogo-66 receptor antibody delivery system for the repairing of injured rat brain: in vitro
Authors: W.M. Tian, C.L. Zhang, S.P. Hou, X. Yu, F.Z. Cui, Q.Y. Xu, S.L. Sheng, H. Cui, H.D. Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in a Patient With Suspected Postcholecystectomy Syndrome
Authors: László Madácsy, Attila Szepes, István Nagy, Borbála Velósy, László Tiszlavicz, László Pávics, László Csernay, János Lonovics
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 43-year-old woman was thought to have a postcholecystectomy syndrome with biliary pain and mild elevation of liver enzymes. Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy demonstrated gross hepatomegaly with a dominant left lobe with radionuclide retention in the intrahepatic biliary tree. Abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were unable to establish an exact diagnosis. Liver biopsy revealed advanced fibrotic changes with an abnormal arrangement of dilated bile ducts and fibroblasts, and a diagnosis of congenital hepatic fibrosis was established. Because of the signs of intrahepatic cholestasis, ursodeoxycholic acid treatment using Ursofalk (Falk, Germany) 250 mg thrice daily was initiated. After 6 months of medical therapy, quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy was repeated to assess the improvement of hepatic bile secretion.
Vesicoureteral Reflux Causing Misinterpretation of a Tc-99m DTPA Scan
Authors: ZEYNEP YAPAR, AYSUN SÜKAN, MUSTAFA KİBAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey Received for publication June 6, 2001. Revision accepted October 17, 2001. Reprint requests: Dr. Zeynep Yapar, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nükleer Tıp Anabilim Dalı, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
Rupture of Intestine Due to Non-penetrating Injury
Authors: H. L. M. Roualle
Journal: BMJ (1949)

the lower oesophagus through a long thoracotomy wound, with primary repair of the tear and adequate drainage followed by intensive chenmotherapy and the use of anti- biotics, has resulted in a successful issue.Eliason and Welty (1946) suggested posterior mediastinotomy as a pos- sible approach, but the majority would, I think, favour the transpleural operation.In my opinion feeding difficulties in the post-operative period can be better overcome by a nasal indwelling tube than by further adding to the patient's discomfort by the performance of a gastrostomy or jejunostomy.It is well, however, as Frink (1947) suggests, to check the position of the tube, as this has been known to pass through the rent into the mediastinum.It seems to me that if a correct and early diagnosis is made and is followed by urgent operation and energetic after-treatment many of these cases can be saved. SummaryTwo further cases of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus are recorded.with recovery after operation in one.The main pathological and clinical features are reviewed and a plea for earlier diagnosis and surgical treatment is made.I wish to thank Dr. J. A. Torrens for his assistance with the management of the second case, and Dr. Patricia Chippindale, my house-surgeon, for her painstaking care
Mutations truncating the EP300 acetylase in human cancers
Authors: Simon A. Gayther, Sarah J. Batley, Lori Linger, Andy Bannister, Karen Thorpe, Suet-Feung Chin, Yataro Daigo, Paul Russell, Annie Wilson, Heidi M. Sowter, Joy D.A. Delhanty, Bruce A.J. Ponder, Tony Kouzarides, Carlos Caldas
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Separation of anxiety and depressive disorders: Authors' reply
Authors: P. Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Our article merely points to an inefficiency in drug development that seems to be driven by commercial imperatives, and as the targets are phoney diagnoses no advance is made. If we merely promote new indications for old drugs and dump existing compounds when they lose their patents is it surprising that depression and anxiety remain such major causes of morbidity?

Weeks is right to assert that there is more to the treatment of mood disorders than drugs, but the negative effects of the splitting of anxiety and depression are not just confined to drug treatments: they apply across the board, leading to such confusion that herbal and homoeopathic remedies are often the preferred treatment options.1 If we can match treatment to patterns of symptoms the outcome can be successful2; forcing them into diagnostic boxes with licensed indications is not the way forward.

First and Regier clearly believe that anxiety and depressive disorders are fundamentally different. Belief is not enough for a good classification; the evidence to date favours common genetic and psychological components to both anxiety and depressive disorders3,4 and it is a more reasonable hypothesis to consider cothymia as the core state.

It also may be true, as Joffe suspects, that this proliferation of niche diagnoses is a consequence of the failure to find new drugs, but, if so, it should be exposed for what it is, and more attention given to the sad fact that two out of five patients with anxiety and depressive disorders show no real improvement in the long term.5 We agree that we cannot make a categorical assertion that splitting anxiety and depression is the cause of failure to innovate and advance but in a parallel field, the treatment of schizophrenia, the use of more generic diagnostic terminology has been associated with greater drug innovation.6
Seeking Asylum from Torture: A Doctor's View
Authors: Sondra Crosby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

On Being a Doctor18 September 2007Seeking Asylum from Torture: A Doctor's ViewSondra Crosby, MDSondra Crosby, MDFrom Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The woman had been kept as a sex slave for so long that it was difficult for her to understand that she was a free person, deserving of human compassion and dignity. She was raped, shackled, beaten, burned, forced to drink human blood and eat human flesh. I had many sleepless nights while I was documenting her story for a medical affidavit as part of her political asylum application. Because of her fragility, the attorney had asked special permission for me to attend the affirmative asylum interview. Sitting in the small, cramped room, she had to relive her horror one ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118.Corresponding Author: Sondra S. Crosby, MD, Boston Medical Center, ACC-5, 850 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Survivors of Torture and Refugee Trauma: A Descriptive Report 18 September 2007Volume 147, Issue 6Page: 431KeywordsChildrenMedical staffOilsPregnancyPsychiatry and mental healthScarsSigns and symptomsSleepSweat ePublished: 18 September 2007 Issue Published: 18 September 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Protecting the Future of Medicine—from Themselves
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Editorials5 January 1999Protecting the Future of Medicine—from ThemselvesDaniel D. Federman, MDDaniel D. Federman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The conscientious practice of medicine has always entailed risk. In an era of managed care, this term is attached to sharing the financial peril of capitation and adverse selection, but throughout history, many other hazards have lain in silent or noisy wait for doctors. The most obvious is probably respiratory transmission of infection, with plague and tuberculosis heading the list. At one time, as many as 25% of a cohort of interns might have had to leave their program because of the acquisition of tuberculosis. Many additional hazards come to mind, including stress-induced illness, depression, dangers in battle and natural ...References1. O'Neill TM, Abbott AV, Radecki SE. Risk of needlesticks and occupational exposures among residents and medical students. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:1451-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Chia HP, Koh D, Jeyaratnam J. A study of needle stick injuries among medical undergraduates. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1993;22:338-41. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Muskin PR, Goodwin MA. Medical student experience with AIDS and needle disposal behaviour. AIDS Care. 1994; 6:327-30 Google Scholar4. McGeer A, Simor AE, Low DE. Epidemiology of needle stick injuries in house officers. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:961-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Jones DB. Percutaneous exposure of medical students to HIV. JAMA. 1990; 264:1188, 1190. Google Scholar6. Osborn EH, Papadakis MA, Gerberding JL.. Occupational exposures to body fluids among medical students. A 7-year longitudinal study. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130:45-51. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: Daniel D. Federman, MD, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Suite 101, Boston, MA 02115; e-mail, [email protected] PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOccupational Exposures to Body Fluids among Medical Students: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study Emilie H.S. Osborn , Maxine A. Papadakis , and Julie Louise Gerberding Metrics Cited byOccupational Exposures to Blood and Body FluidTraining-related accidents during teacher-student-assistance activities of medical studentsHIV Era Occupational Exposures and RisksHEALTH CARE WORKERS 5 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 1Page: 66-67KeywordsAIDSHIVHepatitis APathogensPatientsPlagueProphylaxisSafetyTuberculosisUpper respiratory tract infections Issue Published: 5 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book: This Man's Pill: Reflections on the 50th Birthday of the Pill
Authors: Anna Glasier
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Carl Djerassi 

Oxford University Press, £12.99, pp 308

ISBN 0 19 850872 7

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T his Man's Pill is published in the year that marks the 50th birthday of the oral contraceptive pill. The book is less about the pill than about the man, Carl Djerassi, the chemist responsible for synthesising the first orally active progestogen—norethindrone.

   ![][4] 

Born in Vienna but educated in the United States, at the age of 25 Djerassi was recruited by the pharmaceutical company Syntex to devise a practical method of synthesising cortisone from the Mexican yam. In October 1951 Djerassi and …

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NI-13 * RESOLVING THE CHALLENGES OF PERITUMORAL EDEMA IN TRACING ARCUATE FASCICULUS FOR SURGICAL PLANNING USING TWO-TENSOR UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER TRACTOGRAPHY
Authors: Zhenrui Chen, Yanmei Tie, Lauren O'Donnell, Laura Rigolo, Alireza Mehrtash, Olutayo Olubiyi, Isaiah Norton, Ofer Pasternak, Yogesh Rathi, Alexandra Golby
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography enables the graphical reconstruction of the white matter pathways in vivo. The use of this technique to display the key fiber tracts in brain tumor patients for reducing the risk of post-operative neurologic deficit has increased in recent years. However, the effects of peritumoral edema pose a major challenge to the conventional single-tensor streamline fiber tracking method. OBJECTIVE: To present a novel technique using the two-tensor unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm for the tracking of arcuate fasciculus (AF) in brain tumor patients by resolving the effects of peritumoral edema. METHODS: Ten patients with malignant brain tumors in the vicinity of language-related areas underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging including a diffusion-weighted data set with 31 gradient directions. DTI data was preprocessed using an automatic quality control pipeline method. Fiber tracking was performed using both single-tensor streamline and two-tensor UKF tractography. A two-regions-of-interest approach was applied to perform delineation of the AF. Results from two different algorithms were compared side-by-side. RESULTS: Single-tensor streamline and two-tensor UKF tractography showed fundamental differences in mapping the fiber tracts in the edema area surrounding the malignant brain tumor. Using single-tensor streamline tractography, 4 of 10 patients showed disrupted and incomplete AF and the remaining six patients demonstrated only a slender fiber bundle. In contrast, the two-tensor UKF tractography could fully delineate the AF within such edematous brain areas in all ten patients. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that two-tensor UKF tractography provides the ability to trace the AF more accurately than single-tensor streamline tractography particularly in the setting of peritumoral edema in brain tumor patients. UKF tractography may be helpful in the quest to preserve the language function in brain surgery.
Shrinking budgets, improving care: Cut administration and buy wisely
Authors: P. Leonard
Journal: BMJ (2010)

All countries are facing the question of how to maintain the quality of care in the face of static or shrinking health budgets. In the NHS it’s estimated that savings of over £20bn need to be made in the next few years. <b>Graham Rich</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1251) and <b>Phil Leonard</b> argue that the NHS can save money while maintaining and improving the quality of care and set out their views on how to do this. But <b>Yair Zalmanovitch</b> and <b>Dana Vashdi</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1259) think that something will have to suffer
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Stress Cardiomyopathy—Reply
Authors: Ingo Eitel, Holger Thiele, Matthias Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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