tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5369: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing CXCR4 (CXCR4 <sup>+</sup> -MSCs) Attenuate Remodeling of Post-Myocardial Infarction by Releasing Anti-Fibrotic Enzymes
Authors: Tao Wang, Yigang Wang, Dongsheng Zhang, Tiemin Zhao, Atif Ashraf, Meifeng Xu, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We hypothesize that CXCR4 + -MSCs penetrate and proliferate in infracted heart by releasing collagen degrading enzymes. We genetically engineered male mouse MSCs using ex vivo adenoviral transduction for over-expression of CXCR4/GFP or GFP alone. MSCs (G-I) or CXCR4 + -MSCs (G-II) or CXCR4 + -MSCs treated with epigallocarechin gallate (EGCG, 50μg/ml), a MT1-matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor (G-III) or CXCR4 + -MSCs with AMD3100 (5 μg/mL), a CXCR4-selective antagonist (G-IV). A Trans-Matrigel Chemoinvasion Assay was used to evaluate the ability of MSCs to cross the basement membrane. MMPs were analyzed by Western blot and MMP antibody staining. Sex mismatched MSCs were infused into female mice via a tail vein injection 3 days after MI. Mice in G-III were treated with EGCG (100 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 2 weeks) to inhibit MMPs and G-IV was treated with AMD3100 (1 mg/kg, i.p. given continually for 6 days after MI). LV fibrosis was detected by Picrosirius red staining. Echocardiography was performed at 4 weeks after MI and hearts were harvested for histological analysis. In vitro, cell migration was significantly higher in G-II in the presence of SDF-1α as compared with other groups, ( p &lt;0.01). EGCG or AMD3100 markedly prevented this response. MMP-9 and MT1-MMP were upregulated significantly only in G-II (p&lt;0.01) exposed to hypoxia. Infiltration of GFP and Y chromosome positive cells in the peri- or infarct area was increased significantly in G-II. CXCR4 + -MSCs penetrated more effectively into the infarcted region and survived in the ischemic environment as compared to control group. These effects were reduced with EGCG or AMD3100. The ventricular remodeling and interstitial fibrosis were also reduced in G-II but not in other groups. G-II also had less LV dilation (diastolic dimension 4.9±0.2 vs. 6.2±0.3 mm, p&lt;0.05), EF (62±3 vs. 44±4%, p&lt;0.05). Infarct size (31±3.8 vs 43±4.7% of LV, p&lt;0.05) and collagen area fraction (16±2 vs. 28±4 %, p&lt;0.05) were significantly reduced in G-2 compared to G-I. Under hypoxic conditions MMPs were upregulated in CXCR4 + -MSCs which crossed the basement membrane by releasing enzymes leading to breakdown or reduction of scar formation thus facilitating cell homing and proliferation.
Abstract 4202: Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Triphasic Mitral Inflow and L Wave: Prognostic Significance of the Presence of Mid-Diastolic Mitral Annular Velocity
Authors: Jung Myung Lee, Sung Ai Kim, Chul-Min Ahn, Jung Woo Son, Sang Jae Rhee, Chi-Young Shim, Eui-Young Choi, Namsik Chung, Jong-Won Ha
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 4863: Rhythm Versus Rate Control Strategies In Heart Failure Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Impact On Lv Function And Functional Status: Echocardiographic Insights From Af-chf
Authors: Valerie Henrard, Alessandro Gisbert, Denis Roy, Jean-Claude Tardif, Mario Talajic, Bernard Thibault, Normand Racine, Michel White, Peter G Guerra, Anique Ducharme
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: In heart failure patients, the recently published AF-CHF (Atrial Fibrillation in Congestive Heart Failure) trial did not demonstrate the superiority of a rhythm control (RhyC) over a rate control (RaC) strategy in terms of cardiovascular mortality. Nevertheless, the deleterious hemodynamic effects of AF can lead to further decrease in LV function and symptoms progression. This AF-CHF echocardiographic sub-study was designed to compare the effects of the two treatment strategies (RhyC and RaC) on LV ejection fraction (LVEF), chamber dimensions and volumes, valvular regurgitation, functional status and exercise tolerance. Methods: 59 patients (29 RhyC:30 RaC) enrolled in AF-CHF were prospectively followed in this echocardiography study, with a standardized exam at baseline and 12 months. The primary endpoint was the change in LVEF. Results: (Table 1 ) Mean LVEF at baseline was severely depressed (RhyC:27.0±4.9% and RaC:27.6±7.4%, p=0.73), with significant improvement at follow-up for both groups. Other echocardiographic parameters were unchanged at follow-up, including changes in LV and LA volumes and valvular regurgitation. Clinically, mean six-minute walked distance increased significantly in both groups as did NYHA class without any additional benefit for the rhythm control strategy (both p=NS). Conclusion: In patients with HF and AF, improvements in LVEF and functional status are observed at 12 months without any additional benefit of rhythm control over a rate control strategy.
Targeted vaccination of teenagers following continued rapid endemic expansion of a single meningococcal group W clone (sequence type 11 clonal complex), United Kingdom 2015
Authors: H Campbell, V Saliba, R Borrow, M Ramsay, S N Ladhani
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Since the epidemiological year 2009/10, the United Kingdom has experienced a year-on-year increase in meningococcal group W (MenW) disease due to rapid expansion of a single endemic hyper-virulent strain belonging to sequence type 11 clonal complex (cc). This strain was identified among cases diagnosed across all regions and was not linked to travel abroad. Consequently, an adolescent MenACWY conjugate vaccination programme for 13-18 year-olds will be introduced in August 2015, with priority given to 17-18 year-olds (school leavers).
功能性消化不良的规范诊断——中国消化不良诊治指南解读（一）
Authors: 陈鑫, 王邦茂
Journal: BMJ (2008)

对消化不良（dyspepsia），大家都耳熟能详，即使是普通群众似乎也能诊断自己患了“消化不良”。但是从专业角度来说，消化不良并非一顶随意可戴的“帽子”，而是有着明确界定的医学术语，诊断消化不良需要具备一定的条件，符合一定的标准。同时，消化不良是“症”而非“病”，可以引起消化不良的疾病种类甚多，既有器质性消化不良（organic dyspepsia，OD），也有功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia，FD），因此同为消化不良患者，但预后可能完全迥异。
临床证据（二）上呼吸道感染的治疗效果
Authors: 王浩彦, Glasz.
Journal: BMJ (2001)

背景知识定义 上呼吸道感染是指鼻腔到支气管树 (不包括肺泡 )的粘膜发生炎症。除了全身不适外 ,它还引起局部症状 ,导致几种症侯的组合 ,包括 :咽痛 (咽炎 )、流涕 (感冒 )、面部发胀及疼痛 (鼻窦炎 )和咳嗽 (气管炎 )。发病率 /患病率 在澳大利亚 ,上呼吸道感染、鼻充血、咽不适和咳嗽占就诊人数的 11% 1。儿童平均每年感染 5次 ,成人 2～ 3次1。病因 /危险因素 传染原包括 2 0 0多种病毒 (其中有 10 0种鼻病毒 )和一些细菌 ,常常通过手与手的接触导致鼻或眼受传染 ,并不是人们通常认为的通过空气中飞沫传染2 。 预后 上呼吸道感染通常是自限性疾病。尽管上呼吸道
Abstract 181: Relation between Electrocardiographic Changes and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients Treated with Hypothermia after Out-of-hospital Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest: J-PULSE-Hypo Registry
Authors: Yoshio Tahara, Kazuo Kimura, Naoto Morimura, Ken Nagao, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Hiroshi Nonogi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) recommend that comatose adult patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest should receive therapeutic hypothermia (Class I). However, it remains unclear whether therapeutic hypothermia is effective for cardiac arrest patients whose have VF initially, but not at hospital arrival. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study at 14 institutions to evaluate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between January 2005 and March 2011. The study committee entrusted each hospital with the timing of cooling, cooling methods, target temperature, duration, and rewarming rate. Patients were divided into the VF-VF group, VF-PEA (pulseless electrical activity) group, and VF-Asystole group according to the pre-hospital initial rhythm and the hospital arrival rhythm, and neurologic outcomes at 90 days after cardiac arrest were compared. A favorable outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) of 1-2. Results: A total of 135 patients were studied. There were no significant differences among the VF-VF group (n=83), the VF-PEA group (n=35), and the VF-Asystole group (n=17) in age, sex, frequency of witnessed cardiac arrest, the presence of bystander CPR, time to achieving target temperature, or duration of therapeutic hypothermia. The rate of favorable outcomes was higher in the VF-VF group (46%) than in the VF-PEA group (23%; p&lt;0.01) and the VF-Asystole group (6%; p&lt;0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that VF rhythm at hospital arrival was an independent predictor of favorable outcomes at 90 days after cardiac arrest. Conclusions: Our results suggest that therapeutic hypothermia after ROSC most effectively improves neurologic outcomes in patients who have VF initially as well as at hospital arrival, with no ROSC by the time of hospital arrival. Additional therapeutic strategies are needed to improve neurologic outcomes in patients who have VF initially with no ROSC and a rhythm other than VF at hospital arrival.
Abstract 12138: Impact of Pressure Recovery on Doppler Estimates of Pressure Gradient across Aortic Valve in Infants and Children: Correlation of Doppler- and Catheter-Derived Indices for Isolated Valvar Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Shyam K Sathanandam, Andrew C Glatz, Diana Geisser, Yoav Dori, David J Goldberg, Matthew J Gillespie, Jonathan J Rome, Kevin K Whitehead
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction:  In pts with valvar aortic stenosis (AS), Doppler-derived peak instantaneous (PIG) and mean (MG) gradients are used to assess severity. Discrepancies exist between these estimates and peak-to-peak gradient (PPG) measured at catheterization. Pressure recovery may be a source of this discrepancy, but has not been routinely used in pediatrics, likely because of lack of validation.   Hypothesis:  PIG, corrected to account for pressure recovery (cPIG), will more accurately predict PPG than either PIG or MG in pts with AS.   Methods:  Echos of pts with >20 mmHg PPG were retrospectively re-read by an observer blinded to PPG. All studies preceded catheterization by  AP  and cPIG SSN  were calculated. All estimates were compared to PPG by Pearson and intra-class correlation (ICC). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis tested the ability of each measure to discriminate a PPG>50 mmHg. Errors in the estimates were assessed by Bland-Altman analysis.   Results:  66 pts with a median age of 11.3 yrs (2 days - 26.7 yrs) met criteria. PIG AP , MG AP , and cPIG AP  had much stronger correlations (rho = 0.89, 0.84, 0.89; p SSN , MG SSN , and cPIG SSN  (rho = 0.55, 0.6, 0.58; p AP  (0.85) and cPIG AP  (0.88). Area under the ROC curve was highest for PIG AP , cPIG AP  and MG AP  (0.99, 0.98, and 0.91). PPG was overestimated by PIG and underestimated by MG, though this error was lower when cPIG AP  was used. A cutpoint of cPIG AP  ≥56 mmHg correctly identified those patients with PPG >50 mmHg with ≥90% sensitivity and specificity.   Conclusions:  Doppler estimates from AP view more accurately predict PPG compared to SSN. cPIG AP  provides the most accurate estimate, with similar ROC and less overestimation compared to PIG, and should be the non-invasive measure of choice in assessing AS in children.
Impact of Dual Lipid-Lowering Strategy With Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin on Coronary Plaque Regression in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kenichi Tsujita, Seigo Sugiyama, Hitoshi Sumida, Hideki Shimomura, Takuro Yamashita, Kenshi Yamanaga, Naohiro Komura, Kenji Sakamoto, Hideki Oka, Koichi Nakao, Sunao Nakamura, Masaharu Ishihara, Kunihiko Matsui, Naritsugu Sakaino, Natsuki Nakamura, Nobuyasu Yamamoto, Shunichi Koide, Toshiyuki Matsumura, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Ryusuke Tsunoda, Yasuhiro Morikami, Koushi Matsuyama, Shuichi Oshima, Koichi Kaikita, Seiji Hokimoto, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Is there evidence to show that daily antibiotic treatment is best?
Authors: C. Butler, P. Kinnersley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The recent guidelines on preventing and managing infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen recommend lifelong prophylaxis with oral antibiotics for all patients who have undergone splenectomy.1 People who receive this advice may ask about their baseline risk of dangerous sepsis, how this will be reduced by taking medicine every day, and other options for prevention.

The risk of serious …
Black men in England are twice as likely to get prostate cancer as white men, study shows:
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Black men in England are twice as likely to get prostate cancer and to die from the disease as white men, a new analysis has found.1

The study, published in BMC Medicine , analysed prostate cancer incidence and mortality data in England from 2008 to 2010 by major ethnic group. Information from a combination of sources—including Public Health England, the Office for National Statistics, and the national census—gave a total sample of …
Basing seven day working policy on evidence not political expediency:
Authors: David Barer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

McCartney does not mention one obvious flaw in the studies purporting to show increased risk of mortality for weekend hospital admissions.1 2 3 Patients with milder illnesses are less likely to call the doctor at weekends, so there are fewer admissions and the average severity of illness is probably greater.

A study of 4.3 million emergency admissions showed a mortality of 5.2% for those admitted …
Tadalafil for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Ronald J. Oudiz, Bruce H. Brundage, Nazzareno Galiè, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, Gerald Simonneau, Fady T. Botros, Melanie Chan, Anthony Beardsworth, Robyn J. Barst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 12430: Myofilament Phosphorylation and Function of Diastolic Heart Failure Myocardium: Similarities and Differences Between Beating Heart Biopsies and Postmortem Tissue
Authors: Nazha Hamdani, Bishu G Kalkidan, Jolanda van der Velden, Ger J Stienen, Margaret M Redfield, Wolfgang A Linke
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The main pathophysiological alterations in DHF are increased left ventricular (LV) stiffness and abnormal relaxation, resu...
Incidence of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections and Use of Prophylaxis in Lenalidomide-Treated Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (pts): An Analysis of MM Trials
Authors: Dianna Gary, Lilia Weiss, Zhinuan Yu, Qiang Xu, Neil Minton, David Gillen, Axel Glasmacher, John Freeman
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 13145: Early Repolarization Pattern is Associated with Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Boris Rudic, Esther Kuntz, Christian Veltmann, Torsten Konrad, Martin Borggrefe, Rainer Schimpf
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: For years early repolarization (ER) has been considered as a benign electrocardiographic finding. However, recent reports show that ER is associated with a higher incidence of ventricul...
Abstract 9147: Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus, Pre-Diabetes, and Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Roberto R Giraldez, Robert Clare, Renato D Lopes, Anthony J Dalby, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Gerald X Brogan, Robert P Giugliano, Pierluigi Tricoci, Stefan K James, Jean-François Tanguay, Charles V Pollack, Robert A Harrington, Eugene Braunwald, L. K Newby
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with in-hospital and post-discharge morbidity and mortality in ACS patients. Little is known about the prevalence and outcomes of DM first diagnosed during hospitalization (undiagnosed DM) and pre-diabetes (preDM) among non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) ACS patients. Methods: We used the EARLY ACS trial database to explore the prevalence and outcomes of previously undiagnosed DM and preDM among high-risk NSTE ACS patients. Known DM was a baseline characteristic on the case report form. Undiagnosed DM was defined as fasting glucose &gt;=126 mg/dL or HbA1c &gt;=6.5% in patients without a history of DM, and preDM as fasting glucose &gt;=110 to &lt;126 mg/dL. Associations between undiagnosed DM, preDM, and known DM and 30-day death or MI and 1-year death were assessed by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling, respectively, with adjustment for baseline characteristics previously associated with these events in EARLY ACS models. Results: Of 9406 patients, 1069 (11.4%) had undiagnosed DM, 947 (10.1%) had preDM, and 2860 (30.4%) had known DM. In general, patients with undiagnosed DM and preDM were similar in age and had similar prevalence of comorbidities as patients without DM; each of these groups was younger, had higher eCrCl, and fewer comorbidities than patients with known DM. Compared with patients without DM, the risk of 30-day death or MI was higher among patients with undiagnosed DM, but neither preDM nor known DM patients had elevated adjusted 30-day risk (Table). After adjustment, 1-year death was similar for patients with preDM and undiagnosed DM to those without DM. However, known DM patients had 32% higher 1-year mortality. Conclusions: Undiagnosed DM and preDM are common in high-risk NSTE ACS patients. Although patients with previously undiagnosed DM and preDM had 1-year survival similar to non-diabetic patients, the presence of previously undiagnosed DM identified patients at elevated 30-day risk.
Abstract 15100: Nonfasting Glucose and Ischemic Heart Disease a Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Marianne Benn, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Mark I McCarthy, Gorm B Jensen, Peer Grande, Børge G Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background  Elevated plasma glucose levels associate with increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but whether this is a causal relationship is unknown. We tested whether elevated nonfasting glucose levels cause IHD.   Methods  Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we studied 80,522 white persons from Copenhagen, Denmark of which 14,058 developed IHD: the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective general population study with 35 years follow-up (1976-2011); the Copenhagen General Population Study, a cross-sectional/prospective general population study (2003-2011); and the Copenhagen Ischemic Heart Disease Study, a case-control study (1991-2011). Individuals were genotyped for variants in  GCK  (rs4607517),  G6PC2  (rs560887),  ADCY5  (rs11708067),  DGKB  (rs2191349), and  ADRA2A  (rs10885122), all associated with elevated fasting glucose levels in genome-wide association studies.   Results  Risk of IHD increased stepwise with increasing nonfasting glucose levels. The hazard ratio for IHD in individuals with nonfasting glucose levels ≥11 mmol/L (≥198mg/dL) versus    Conclusion  Like common nonfasting glucose elevation, plasma glucose increasing polymorphisms associate with increased risk of ischemic heart disease. These data are compatible with a causal association.
“Dispersal” of asylum seeking women in UK during pregnancy
Authors: Rayah Feldman, Anna Musgrave
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The miscarriages of asylum seeking women forced to travel across Germany to refugee centres highlights the danger faced by pregnant women when refugee policy does not take pregnancy risks into account.1

This problem is not unique to Germany. The UK charities Maternity Action and the Refugee Council published a report in …
Abstract 8443: Circulating MicroRNAs Expression in Human Plasma is Dysregulated by Heart Failure
Authors: Yuri D alessandra, Antonio P Beltrami, Maria Cristina Carena, Paolo Devanna, Cinzia Fortini, Fabrizio Cecaro, Roberto Ferrari, Daniela Cesselli, Barbara Toffoletto, Natascha Bergamin, Giulio Pompilio, Maurizio C Capogrossi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified and proposed as novel biomarkers of several diseases. Here we examined miRNAs expression profile of heart failure (HF) patients, NYHA class I-IV, in comparison to matched controls. Methods: We analyzed the expression of 365 miRNAs in plasma samples from healthy donors (n= 5) and NYHA class I-IV HF patients (n= 5/group). MiRNAs expression was evaluated using TaqMan microRNA Arrays followed by a validation step. Results were normalized using miR-532-5p as an internal experimentally validated calibrator with low dispersion of expression levels and null association with HF. Validated miRNAs were examined in the plasma of healthy subjects (n=10) and NYHA class I-IV HF patients (n=10-14/ group). RESULTS: Of ∼190 miRNAs expressed in plasma of healthy subjects and HF patients we were able to identify 17 miRNAs dysregulated by HF (14 up- and 3 down-regulated), with 7 showing no expression in control samples (miR-154,-299, -376a, -379, -409-5p, -548a and -654). Expression analysis of 9 of these 17 miRNAs throughout the 4 NYHA classes showed that miR-154, -221, -376a, -409-5p and -379 are strongly overexpressed (20 to 170 folds vs controls) in all HF subjects while miR-124a, -375 and -451 exhibit a significant downregulation in class I (40%), IV (50%) and III and IV (70 and 90%) respectively. In agreement with a prior study, miR- 423-5p exhibited an increase in all HF subjects, statistically significant in NYHA classes II and IV (3 to 4 folds). Interestingly miR-379 showed marked differences between NYHA classes I and II and II and III. Further, 8 miRNAs (miR-1, -21, 146a, -548a, -299-5p, -331-5p, -654-5p and -376c) differentiated controls from NYHA class IV patients (n=14) exhibiting an up-regulation of 6 to 40 folds. Conclusions: A novel miRNA signature consisting of enhanced expression of 14 and decrease of 3 plasma miRNAs was found in HF patients (NYHA classes I to IV). These findings pave the way for the identification of HF dysregulated miRNAs which can be viewed as promising biomarkers of heart failure.
Abstract 177: Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents the Disruption of Blood Brain Barrier After Cardiac Arrest and CPR in Mice
Authors: Shizuka Minamishima, Christina H Liu, Huifang Wang, Fumito Ichinose
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) disrupts blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induces brain edema. Recently, we rep...
Abstract 9677: Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 is a Novel Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Masato Furuhashi, Manabu Hayashi, Takahiro Nishitani, Shutaro Ishimura, Hideki Ota, Masayuki Koyama, Yusuke Okazaki, Marenao Tanaka, Hideaki Yoshida, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

[Background] Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4/A-FABP/aP2), a lipid chaperone, is expressed in both adipocytes and macrophages and plays important roles in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, FABP4 was found to be secreted from adipocytes. However, little is known about the impact of serum FABP4 concentrations on development of cardiovascular diseases. Here we tested the hypothesis that serum FABP level predicts prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a group at high risk for atherosclerosis-associated morbidity and mortality. [Methods &amp; Results] Biochemical markers including FABP4 were determined in 61 ESRD patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) and 61 age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Serum FABP4 level in females (404.2 ± 30.5 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in males (315.8 ± 30.0 ng/ml), and the levels in ESRD patients were approximately 20-times higher than those in controls. FABP4 level was decreased by 57.2% after HD and was positively correlated with blood pressure, BMI, and levels of lipids and insulin. Multiple regression analysis indicated that HD duration, BMI, and triglycerides level were independent determinants of serum FABP4 level. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that ESRD patients with higher FABP4 levels had higher cardiovascular mortality during the 7-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that logarithmically transformed FABP4 level was an independent predictor of cardiovascular death adjusted for age, gender, and HD duration (hazard ratio, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.33-20.23). [Conclusions] Present findings suggest that FABP4 level, being related to adiposity and metabolic disorders, is a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.