tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The rise of counselling and the return of alienism
Authors: S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1996)

property is kept in good order, that buildings are insured, and tax affairs dealt with.They can apply to use capital to pay for nursing home or similar care or to maintain the patient at home.They can also apply for special authority to make loans and investments on the patient's behalf or to buy a piece of special equipment or furniture for the patient's benefit. Living wills (advance directives)Powers of attorney and the Court of Protection deal only with material assets.Living wills are concerned with decisions about treatment, especially at the end of life.A person in sound mind might stipulate that, should he or she become incapable of decisions and develop particular grievous illnesses, then certain treat- ments should, or should not, be given.In the United Kingdom "living wills" have no legal force.But they have moral force in such issues as relief of pain, the vigour of treatment in terminal disease, or in resuscitation decisions.Views of relatives, close friends, or appointed attorneys carry moral force if they are based on evidence of what the likely wishes would have been when the patient was well.Various drafts of advance directives are available, and an excellent book considers the subject in detail (see below). ResearchQuestions of consent to research on severely demented people (as on children) remain problematic.Again, consent of close relatives is always desirable, but has no legal force.Ethics committees understandably find these issues difficult. Practical points* "Advance directives" have no formal place in English law, but are part of the current agenda of active debate.In the absence of precise legal provision, the doctor must, as in all things, be seen to act in good faith, taking into account any evidence of what the patient would have wished had he or she had the capacity validly to indicate this.* The Alzheimer's Disease Society now has an agreement with Lawnet, a group of solicitors who offer a named person specialising in the type of advice carers need.There is a fee, but people referred by the Society may receive an initial half hour consultation free of charge.
Basics of International Humanitarian Missions; Emergency Relief Operations
Authors: P. B. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
River Blindness Coconspirator
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Session VII: Learning through simulation: The value of patient simulators; Techniques in teaching auscultation, arrhythmia management (including cardioversion), Swan-Ganz catheter insertion, patient management problems and resuscitation
Authors: Michael S. Gordon, Karen Craparo, Joel M. Felner, David M. Lawson, Abdul Sajid, Robert Waugh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Fiber Embolization — A Hazard of Cardiac Surgery and Catheterization
Authors: James E. Dimmick, Kevin E. Bove, A. James McAdams, George Benzing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

DURING the past 10 years, we have observed that anisotropic intra-arterial fibers, similar to cotton or cellulose libers, are a common incidental finding in pathological specimens, found almost exclusively in post-mortem examination of patients who have undergone cardiac operations or catheterization. This report was prompted by the recent occurrence in two patients of thrombosis and infarction that were associated with these fibers, indicating that the presence of the foreign material is neither artifact nor innocuous.MethodThe minimum incidence and the site of fiber embolization were determined by review of the autopsy records from 1964 to 1973 of all patients . . .
Ischaemic colitis in the experimental animal. II. Role of hypovolaemia in the production of the disease.
Authors: J G Matthews, T G Parks
Journal: Gut (1976)

Hypovolaemia alone did not lead to ischaemic colitis but when venesection was induced immediately after the acute ligation of the common colic artery large bowel ischaemia ensued. Similarly, hypovolaemia induced one month after two major blood vessels had been occluded led to ischaemic colitis. These findings suggest that states of low blood flow in the presence of previous arterial constriction or blockage may lead to enough reduction in mesenteric perfusion for intestinal ischaemia to develop. Using an electromagnetic flowmeter placed in the cranial mesenteric artery of the dog, it was shown that hypovolaemia may lead to 50-75% reduction in mesenteric blood flow without producing any significant change in the systemic blood pressure.
Borrelia burgdorferi in Joint Fluid in Chronic Lyme Arthritis
Authors: DAVID R. SNYDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Although indirect evidence suggests that chronic Lyme arthritis is caused by persistent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, direct visualization has been lacking. We report the demonstration of B. burgdorferi from synovial fluid aspirated from the right knee of a 31-year-old man with Lyme arthritis for more than 1 year. After 6 days, culture medium inoculated with synovial fluid showed one motile and several nonmotile spirochetes. Direct immunofluorescence staining showed reactivity with anti-B. burgdorferi serum. Spirochetes were not seen in subcultured material. The patient's arthritis improved with high-dose intravenous penicillin. Identification of B. burgdorferi from the joint fluid of a patient with long-standing arthritis supports the concept that the arthritis is due to persistent infection.
Prevention is better than cure
Authors: I. Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One may think that “prevention is better than cure” is a quote from the goddess Hygiene, yet the vintage is recent and the wisdom is more limited than it appears.

What is “better?” Vaccination against whooping cough has its dangers, but these are negligible in comparison with whooping cough itself. As whooping cough does not give pleasure to anyone, it is reasonable to say that the prevention of whooping cough is “better” than …
A randomized controlled trial of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and early intravenous heparin in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: E J Topol, B S George, D J Kereiakes, D C Stump, R J Candela, C W Abbottsmith, L Aronson, A Pickel, J M Boswick, K L Lee
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To evaluate the coronary thrombolytic efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and early intravenous heparin, 134 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to combination therapy or t-PA only. At a median of 2.78 hours from symptom onset, 64 patients received both t-PA (1.5 mg/kg/4 hr) and a bolus of 10,000 units heparin, whereas 70 patients received t-PA alone at the same dose. All patients underwent coronary angiography 90 minutes after initiation of therapy to determine infarct vessel patency status, after which time the control group patients were eligible to receive heparin. Baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics were similar for the groups. Infarct vessel patency was 50 of 63 (79%) for combination t-PA and heparin and 54 of 68 (79%) for t-PA alone. Bleeding complications, as reflected by need for transfusion, were similar in the two groups: 13% in the patients treated with t-PA and heparin compared with 18% in patients treated with t-PA only (p = 0.53). The only intracranial hemorrhage in the trial occurred in a patient initially treated without heparin. Fibrinogen at 50 minutes after therapy was 32% decreased from baseline for the t-PA and heparin-treated patients compared with a 39% decrease in the control group. Predischarge left ventricular ejection fraction was similar for the two groups: 49.0 +/- 10.1% versus 50.2 +/- 11.9% for combined versus t-PA only therapy, respectively. We conclude that early intravenous heparin does not facilitate the fibrinolytic effect of t-PA at the doses tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiple Monitored Electroconvulsive Treatment
Authors: ROGER K. WHITE, JAMES J. SHEA, M. A. JONAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors report their experience with the administration of multiple monitored electroconvulsive treatment (MMECT), a technique involving multiple seizures and electronic EEG monitoring of the quality and duration of convulsive activity. Advantages of the technique over the conventional ECT method include a shorter average hospital stay, reduction in memory loss, and significantly better safety features. Further investigation of MMECT may produce new information about the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy as well as confirmation of the benefits of this method.
UK colleges criticise "compromise" in US guidance on female genital mutilation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two UK Royal Colleges have raised concerns about guidance issued by American paediatricians on female genital mutilation in which they suggest that doctors could offer families “a ritual nick as a possible compromise to avoid greater harm.”

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health say in a statement that, “To suggest that a qualified medical practitioner is involved in this practice as a ‘compromise’ does not make it less brutal and has the danger of giving legitimacy to FGM [female genital mutilation]. Two …
Dr. Warren Kept His Portland Engagement.
Authors: J. H. Musser
Journal: JAMA (1905)

practice insurance" insures the physician against damages re¬ coverable "by reason of any error or mistake made by the assured in the practice of his profession."This phraseology limits the insurance to the unintentional negligence of the in¬ sured, for which, nevertheless, those who suffer thereby may be entitled to claim damages.In order that the exclusion of
Wound Infections After Surgery for Fractured Hip
Authors: David G. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A follow-up study was done on 20 cases of wound infection complicating surgery for a fractured hip over a five-year period. Eight patients died during the initial hospitalization as a direct result of the infection. Five more died one to three years following surgery and seven patients are alive and walking with a cane or other means of support. No patient with primarily demonstrated deep wound infection could be considered cured at the time of the study on the basis of clinical or X-ray examination. The promptness with which the complication was recognized and the vigor with which it was treated were directly related to the success of the outcome.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency increases allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Eric S. Silverman, David T. Breault, Joseph Vallone, Srikanth Subramanian, Ayca D. Yilmaz, Sheeba Mathew, Venkat Subramaniam, Kelan Tantisira, Karel Pacák, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
'Stress Fracture' in Osteoporosis Treated with Sodium Fluoride
Authors: SARA GIPS, LEON COHEN, RUTH HARDOFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Sodium fluoride (NaF) stimulates bone formation in the axial and appendicular skeleton, and is therefore used for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Women receiving this treatment often complain of extremity pain explained by mechanical stress on bone tissue. Radiographs are usually normal. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake consistent with increased osteoblasticactivity, similar in its mechanism to stress
Abstract SY10-01: Understanding metabolic heterogeneity in cancer
Authors: Ralph J. DeBerardinis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be a hallmark of malignancy and a consequence of the mutations that cause cancer. Classical components of metabolic reprogramming include enhancements of nutrient uptake, aerobic conversion of glucose to lactate, and biosynthesis of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These activities are believed to collaborate to support states of supra-physiological stress resistance and proliferative capacity. However, recent work, primarily performed in cancer cell lines, has revealed an unexpected heterogeneity of metabolic programs that can support cancer cell survival and growth. It is unclear how these heterogeneous metabolic programs are regulated by the oncogenotype, and more importantly, which of the myriad activities observed in culture are relevant to bona fide tumor metabolism in vivo. I will discuss approaches to address these challenges. First, I will discuss ongoing efforts to use systematic analysis of cancer cell lines to link metabolic phenotypes with oncogenotypes, and to identify chemotherapeutic sensitivities associated with particular metabolic preferences. Second, I will describe efforts to probe metabolism in living tumors using a combination of stable isotope tracing and complementary methods. Finally, I will discuss approaches to merge metabolomics with non-invasive imaging to understand the development and consequences of metabolic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Citation Format: Ralph J. DeBerardinis. Understanding metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY10-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY10-01
Normal Standards for Amplitude of Ballistocardiograms Calibrated by Force
Authors: ISAAC STARR
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Normal standards for ballistocardiogram amplitude have been estimated by statistical methods from a series of 194 healthy men and women. The application of new knowledge of the genesis of ballistocardiograms has resulted in normnal standards with a smaller scatter than those previously formulated, and so the ability to detect cardiac abnormality has been correspondingly increased.
Pdx1 Maintains β Cell Identity and Function by Repressing an α Cell Program
Authors: Tao Gao, Brian McKenna, Changhong Li, Maximilian Reichert, James Nguyen, Tarjinder Singh, Chenghua Yang, Archana Pannikar, Nicolai Doliba, Tingting Zhang, Doris A. Stoffers, Helena Edlund, Franz Matschinsky, Roland Stein, Ben Z. Stanger
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Down-regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 Causes Prostate Cancer Cell Death through Activation of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Martin Puhr, Frédéric R. Santer, Hannes Neuwirt, Martin Susani, Jeffrey A. Nemeth, Alfred Hobisch, Lukas Kenner, Zoran Culig
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) acts as a negative feedback regulator of the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription factors signaling pathway and plays an important role in the development and progression of various cancers. To better understand the role of SOCS-3 in prostate cancer, SOCS-3 expression was down-regulated in DU-145, LNCaP-IL-6+, and PC3 cells by consecutive SOCS-3 small interfering RNA transfections. SOCS-3 mRNA and protein expression as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot, respectively, were decreased by approximately 70% to 80% compared with controls. We observed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and viability in all SOCS-3-positive cell lines but not in the parental LNCaP cell line, which is SOCS-3 negative. In this study, we show that down-regulation of SOCS-3 leads to an increased cell death in prostate cancer cell lines. We found a considerable increase in the activation of the proapoptotic caspase-3/caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9. A significant up-regulation of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and inhibition of Bcl-2 expression was observed in all SOCS-3-positive cell lines. Overexpression of Bcl-2 could rescue cells with decreased SOCS-3 levels from going into apoptosis. Tissue microarray data prove that SOCS-3 is highly expressed in castration-refractory tumor samples. In conclusion, we show that SOCS-3 is an important protein in the survival machinery in prostate cancer and is overexpressed in castration-resistant tumors. SOCS-3 knockdown results in an increase of cell death via activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
The Biographic Clinics of Dr. Gould.
Authors: N. Senn
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Chicago, March 14, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The medical profession is under many obligations to Dr. George M. Gould, the vigorous editor of<i>American Medicine</i>. The last product of his fertile brain and productive pen is the "Biographic Clinics," a book of 233 pages. In writing this wonderful book he has done pioneer work in a most important department of medicine. He has shown conclusively that five of the greatest men in history were the subjects of eyestrain, which was responsible for all the agonies that made the busiest and most useful epochs in their lives a constant misery. The analysis of the symptoms related by themselves or their biographers is so logical that no doubt can be left in the minds of the careful reader concerning the correctness of the author's conclusions. There can be no doubt that thousands are affected in a similar manner to-day, and as any
Lehrbuch der Gerburtshilfe
Authors: George W. Corner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Martius' textbooks of obstetrics and gynecology have been recognized for some years as being among the best of European textbooks. Not only have they been translated into Italian, Spanish, and Polish, but also they have been accepted widely by German-reading obstetricians and gynecologists in Britain and America. These volumes have two striking differences from British and American textbooks. It has been our custom to have single compendia of over 1,000 pages for either obstetrics or gynecology. Martius divides each subspecialty into two volumes: one on medical aspects and one on surgery. Thus, the German student has four texts rather than two, but the total number of pages is about the same. Furthermore, Martius' textbooks are illustrated almost entirely by means of drawings. The art work is extremely good, certainly nearly the equal of the mixture of drawings and photographs to which we are accustomed. The current volume begins with a
F-18 FDG PET Imaging of Disseminated Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown origin preferentially involving the lungs with associated hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. Characteristic radiologic and PET features of thoracic sarcoidosis are well recognized by clinicians and imagers. Disseminated and extrathoracic sarcoid lesions targeting bones, breast, liver, and abdominal and pelvic nodes may mimic widespread high metabolic metastases or diffuse lymphomatous disease on F-18 FDG PET imaging. The author presents such an uncommon multisystemic sarcoid distribution with scintigraphic demonstration of breast involvement and large confluent hepatic lesions simulating advanced malignancy.
Updated Hodgkin's disease. C. Advanced disease and special problems. Evaluation of recent results
Authors: M. B. Shimkin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In 1963, Easson and Russell<sup>27</sup>reported that 13% of 822 patients with Hodgkin's disease were alive at 15 years and were presumably cured by radiotherapy. Curative therapy became the primary clinical objective in Hodgkin's disease, replacing symptomatic amelioration. Improved clinical staging and histological classification facilitated therapeutic management. In a report by Peters et al,<sup>28</sup>of 1,131 patients treated with radiotherapy from 1931 to 1969, the five-year survival rate was 43%. During the period from 1965 to 1969, with the completion of five years of observation of 64 patients, the survival was 59%; it is stated that 40% of these patients were in stages I and II of the disease. The radiotherapy center at Stanford<sup>29</sup>reports 275 patients with Hodgkin's disease, of whom 54 have completed five years of observation. The five-year survival was 73%; however, 80% of the patients were in stages I and II of the
COMPARISON OF AMINOHYDROXYPROPYLIDENE DIPHOSPHONATE, MITHRAMYCIN, AND CORTICOSTEROIDSICALCITONIN IN TREATMENT OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED HYPERCALCAEMIA
Authors: S.H. Ralston, F.J. Dryburgh, R.A. Cowan, M.D. Gardner, A.S. Jenkins, I.T. Boyle
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
COMPARISONS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS FROM THREE EPIDEMICS
Authors: George K. Hirst
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Some of the peculiarities of strains of influenza A and B virus from two epidemics have been described. The influenza B virus of 1945-46, when compared with influenza A virus, proved to be much more difficult to isolate from human sources by any known means. Its adaptation to the chick embryo (by any route) or to mice was much slower than that of A virus. It did not keep nearly as well on storage at -72 degrees C. either in throat garglings or as passage material. Its adaptation to amniotic growth was usually much better than to allantoic growth even after repeated allantoic passages. It failed to show primary evidence of occurring in the O form, although many of the secondary O characteristics were present and persisted. Its titer in throat washings was not demonstrably high as compared with certain strains of A virus, which were demonstrated in garglings at dilutions of 10(-5) and 10(-6). The antigenic patterns of influenza A strains from two epidemics were compared. No antigenic differences of significant degree were found among the strains of either epidemic and the difference between the strains of the two epidemics was very slight. A similar study was made of the influenza B strains of the epidemic of 1945-46. This also showed complete lack of significant strain differences. The implications of these findings for influenza prophylaxis are discussed.