tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-16-01: End-of-life outcomes and hospice and palliative care utilization in hospitalized patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Amanda Parkes, Jennifer A Shin, Helen Knight, Areej El-Jawahri, Lara Traeger, Jennifer S Temel
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Hospitalizations in patients with metastatic cancer occur commonly at the end of life but have not been well-described in those with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The goal of this study was to describe the reasons for admission, end-of-life outcomes, and hospice and palliative care utilization in hospitalized patients with MBC. Methods: We identified all patients with MBC who had their first hospital admission (index admission) at Massachusetts General Hospital since their diagnosis of metastatic disease between 1/1/2009 and 12/31/2010 through a centralized clinical data registry. We collected demographic and clinical information and data on all hospital admissions and utilization of palliative care and hospice services during a three-year follow-up period. Results: We identified 123 patients hospitalized for the first time since their diagnosis of MBC. The median number of hospital admissions during the three-year follow-up period was 2 (range 1 to 17). Uncontrolled symptoms accounted for half (62/123, 50%) of the index admissions [20 (16%) with central nervous system systems, 17 (14%) with respiratory symptoms, 10 (8%) with pain, 9 (7%) with gastrointestinal symptoms, 4 (3%) with failure to thrive, and 2 (2%) with dehydration]. The majority of patients (93/123, 76%) died during the follow-up period. The median time from first hospitalization to death was 6 months (range 0 to 53). Among patients who died, 20/93 (22%) died in the hospital and 49/93 (53%) died within 14 days of hospital discharge. Among the deceased group, the inpatient palliative care team evaluated 53/93 (57%) of patients at least once during an admission, but only 18/93 (19%) patients attended an outpatient palliative care clinic appointment. A minority of patients who died (27/93, 29%) were referred to hospice upon discharge. An additional 34/93 (37%) patients who died were referred to hospice from the outpatient setting. Conclusions: Hospitalized patients with MBC are commonly admitted for uncontrolled symptoms. They have a poor prognosis, and approximately half die within two weeks of a hospital admission. However, only a minority receive outpatient palliative care or are referred to hospice services from the inpatient setting. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions to improve end-of-life care for patients with MBC who are hospitalized. Citation Format: Amanda Parkes, Jennifer A Shin, Helen Knight, Areej El-Jawahri, Lara Traeger, Jennifer S Temel. End-of-life outcomes and hospice and palliative care utilization in hospitalized patients with metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-01.
Radiochemistry and Radiopharmacy
Authors: S. Guhlke, A. M. Verbruggen, S. Vallabhajosula
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

In modern pharmaceutical development and medicine, radioactivity has an increasing impact in the field of diagnostic applications (in vitro and in vivo) as well as in therapeutic applications (; ). Regarding these different forms of applications, radionuclides must be used with respect to their modes of decay. For single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), radionuclides with a short (hours to several days) half-life and accompanying gamma emission in the range of 70–250 keV are the most useful. In addition, emission of only one photon per decay is of advantage, but not a must. The gamma emission has to be strong enough to easily penetrate the body barrier and also has to be well detectable by the common SPECT camera systems. Such radionuclides are commonly found among those with the decay mode of electron capture (EC) or internal conversion (IC).
Abstract P259: Overweight People Increased in the Evacuation Zone of Fukushima Prefecture After the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Tetsuya Ohira, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Seiji Yasumura, Hiroaki Satoh, Hitoshi Suzuki, Akira Sakai, Akira Ohtsuru, Atsushi Takahashi, Masato Nagai, Wen Zhang, Hironori Nakano, Koji Otani, Masayuki Hayashi, Shigeatsu Hashimoto, Masafumi Abe
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011, with a nuclear accident subsequently occurring at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The disaster forced many evacuees to change particular aspects of their lifestyles, such as their diet, physical exercise, and other personal habits. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that mean body weight and the proportion of people being of overweight/obese would increase among residents in the evacuation zone after the disaster compared with before the disaster. Methods: This longitudinal study examined Japanese subjects aged 40-90 years using data collected from 53,925 participants (23,936 men and 29,989 women) sourced from general health checkups conducted in 16 communities, including the evacuation zone specified by the government, between 2008 and 2010. The participants were divided into 3 groups; evacuees and non-evacuees living in communities near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and non-evacuees living in communities 75 miles far from the plant. Height in stocking feet and weight in light clothing were measured, with the body mass index calculated as the weight (kg)/height (m) 2 . Follow-up examinations were conducted from June 2011 to the end of March 2013. Results: A total of 35,532 participants (15,799 men and 19.733 women, follow-up proportion: 66%) received follow-up examinations after the disaster, with an average follow-up of 1.5 years. Mean body weight significantly increased in both evacuees (n=9,671) and non-evacuees (n=17,815) living in communities near the plant after the disaster, but not non-evacuees living in communities far from the plant (n=8.046); changes in body weight were +1.2kg , +0.3kg, and -0.3kg, respectively (p for difference &lt;0.001). The proportion of overweight/obese people also increased among residents living in communities near the plant after the disaster. The proportions of overweight people before and after the disaster were 31.8% and 39.4% for evacuees and 28.3% and 30.3% for non-evacuees living in communities near the plant, respectively, while proportions among non-evacuees living in communities far from the plant were 30.6% and 30.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Body weight and the proportion of people being overweight/obese increased among residents, especially evacuees, in the evacuation zone of Fukushima prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Abstract P048: Sodium Intake is Associated with Weight Status in Australian Schoolchildren Aged 4-12 Years
Authors: Carley A Grimes, Janet Baxter, Lynn Riddell, Karen Campbell, Feng He, Caryl Nowson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: A high sodium intake stimulates thirst and in turn may promote greater consumption of high energy sugary beverages, which are linked to obesity risk in children. In this study we assessed the hypothesis that sodium intake, as measured by 24-hr urinary sodium excretion, would be positively associated with weight status in primary school-aged children. Methods: Cross-sectional study completed within a convenience sample of Victorian primary schools (n=43). Sodium intake was assessed via one 24-hr urine collection. Fourteen percent of samples were deemed invalid and excluded. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height and converted to BMI z-scores using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference growth charts. Participants were grouped into weight categories using the International Obesity Task Force cut-points. Differences in sodium intake and weight status were assessed using multi-level linear and logistic regression analysis with adjustment for random effects (gender, age) and fixed effect (school cluster). Results: Of the 667 children with valid urine samples 55% were male and the average age was 9.3±(SD) 1.8 years. Ten percent were classified as underweight, 73% healthy weight, 14% overweight and 3% obese. Average sodium intake differed across weight categories, underweight 82±29 mmol/day (salt equivalent 4.8±1.7 g/day); healthy weight 102±43 mmol/day (salt 6.0±2.5 g/day); overweight 125±55 mmol/day (salt 7.3±3.2 g/day); obese 148±97 mmol/day (salt 8.7±5.7 g/day) (p=0.001). In the fully adjusted model sodium intake (mmol/d) was significantly associated with BMI z-score (b=0.006, P&lt;0.001). A 17 mmol/day increase in sodium intake (salt 1 g/day) was associated with a 23% (OR: 1.23; 95% CI 1.16, 1.31) greater risk of being overweight or obese, adjusted for age and gender. Conclusions: Higher sodium intake is associated with overweight and obesity in Victorian schoolchildren. This may be related to increased energy intake, and this association should be explored further.
MAPKAP kinase 2 regulates IL-10 expression and prevents formation of intrahepatic myeloid cell aggregates during cytomegalovirus infections
Authors: Christian Ehlting, Mirko Trilling, Christopher Tiedje, Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling, Ute Albrecht, Stefanie Kluge, Albert Zimmermann, Dirk Graf, Matthias Gaestel, Hartmut Hengel, Dieter Häussinger, Johannes Georg Bode
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Israel's health ministry ends circumcisers' monopoly
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Israeli doctors will be able to apply for certification to perform circumcision under the health ministry's plans to end a long standing monopoly held by non-medically qualified practitioners. The move follows the ministry's decision not to contest a lawsuit brought to the High Court of Justice by a private clinic group in Tel Aviv.

Mila Tova (good circumcision in Hebrew) took the ministry to court for refusing to certify its three urologists for performing circumcisions. The health ministry has since agreed to issue a directive to Israeli hospitals allowing them for the first time to certify doctors able to perform such procedures. Acting ministry director general …
Medical treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
Authors: Fatima Kyari, Mohammad Abdull, Dan Kiage, Adunola Ogunro
Journal: BMJ (1978)

to reduce pain and the misery that goes with it.At the con- ference Hinton8 was quoted: "We emerge deserving of little credit; we who are capable of ignoring the conditions which make muted people suffer.The dissatisfied dead cannot noise abroad the negligence they have experienced."Awareness is perhaps the most urgent need.
Smoking prevalence and smoking behaviour among Portuguese physicians: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sofia Belo Ravara, Miguel Castelo Branco, Jose Manuel Calheiros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Studies evaluating Portuguese physicians9 smoking behaviour are limited and applied different methodologies. Studies from the 709 and 809s show high prevalence rates, higher than the general population. Recent studies had reported decreasing smoking prevalence trends. However, it is not clear if physicians are smoking less than the general population and whether this decreasing trend has continued thereafter. In 2009, a survey was carried out to evaluate smoking prevalence trends and smoking behaviour among Portuguese physicians.   Methods:  Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, conducted during two main national medical conferences, using a convenience-sample methodology. Physician smoking behaviour was self-reported.   Results:  Participants: 607 physicians: 57.6% primary care; 33.1% hospital-based specialists; 9.3% undergraduate students; 62.7% females; median age 34. Smoking prevalence was 29.6% in males, 15.3% in females (p    Conclusions:  Smoking prevalence among Portuguese physicians is decreasing and is lower than in general population. Physicians smoke less cigarettes and reported more occasional smoking than the general population.
Abstract 103: Predictors of Transfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights from APEX-AMI (Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Trial
Authors: Marc E Jolicoeur, William W O'Neil, Paul W Armstrong, Karen Pieper, Christian Hamm, David R Holmes, Frans Van de Werf, Christopher B Granger
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: We previously demonstrated that blood product transfusion strongly and independently predicts death in a population of STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary interv...
Abstract P5-13-02: The beliefs, knowledge, understanding, attitudes and treatment access to breast cancer amongst rural women in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Malcolm O Tagbarha
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Goal: The goal of this study is to ascertain the beliefs, knowledge, understanding, attitudes and treatment access to breast cancer among rural women in Nigeria. Background: Breast cancer has become a popular topic in recent years with several thousands of women diagnosed to be positive every year. The availability of care/treatment upon early detection is key to survival. Methods: An interview guide was designed specifically for this study in which 200 rural women in Northern Nigeria, age 45 and over took part in. It contained questions about beliefs, knowledge, understanding and attitudes about Breast Self-Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) and mammogram. In addition, questions assessing the variables of the Health Belief Model and health motivations also were included. The data were obtained during face-to-face interviews in the primary language of the participating woman. The interviews were transcribed and translated into English. Results: Out of the 200 women who participated, only 1% two (2) of the participants practiced BSE monthly, 8% had undergone at least one CBE during their lives, and 91% had never had a mammogram. There were little or no access to treatment even at early detection in these rural areas causing thereby vulnerability to loss of life. Majority of these rural women (95%) said they knew little or nothing about breast cancer. While 15% of the women said detecting cancer early was important, only 3% reported that cancer could be cured. Age, education, or mother tongue showed no statistically significant relationship with the breast health practice scores. However, proficiency with the English language (p = 0.009) and number of years exposed to awareness and education (p = 0.009) had a significant relationship with the breast health practice scores. The significant explanatory factor for the variable breast health practices was a cue to action (p = 0.009). Conclusions: The level of awareness and treatment access to breast cancer amongst Northern Nigeria’s rural women is extremely low thereby making them not to engage in screening and/or detection practices. This alarming situation calls for urgent intervention of medical/health organizations to provide immediate breast cancer awareness, screening and care so as to reduce incidences or threat at early detection. Citation Format: Malcolm O Tagbarha. The beliefs, knowledge, understanding, attitudes and treatment access to breast cancer amongst rural women in Northern Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-02.
The genetics of hemoglobin A<sub>2</sub>regulation in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Paula J. Griffin, Paola Sebastiani, Heather Edward, Clinton T. Baldwin, Mark T. Gladwin, Victor R. Gordeuk, David H.K. Chui, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Hemoglobin A2 , a tetramer of α- and δ-globin chains, comprises less than 3% of total hemoglobin in normal adults. In northern Europeans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HBS1L-MYB locus on chromosome 6q and the HBB cluster on chromosome 11p were associated with HbA2 levels. We examined the genetic basis of HbA2 variability in sickle cell anemia using genome-wide association studies. HbA2 levels were associated with SNPs in the HBS1L-MYB interval and SNPs in BCL11A. These effects are mediated by the association of these loci with γ-globin gene expression and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. The association of polymorphisms downstream of the β-globin gene (HBB) cluster on chromosome 11 with HbA2 was not mediated by HbF. In sickle cell anemia, levels of HbA2 appear to be modulated by trans-acting genes that affect HBG expression and perhaps also elements within the β-globin gene cluster. HbA2 is expressed pancellularly and can inhibit HbS polymerization. It remains to be seen if genetic regulators of HbA2 can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Cell Death
Authors: Richard S. Hotchkiss, Andreas Strasser, Jonathan E. McDunn, Paul E. Swanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

This review is a primer on the three main mechanisms of cell death: apoptosis, autophagy-associated cell death, and necrosis. The authors discuss the clinical implications of each of these types of cell death and indicate where advances in our understanding have inspired new forms of therapy.
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: sinusal/sinusoidal localization of malignant cells expressing the T-cell receptor gamma delta
Authors: JP Farcet, P Gaulard, JP Marolleau, JP Le Couedic, T Henni, MF Gourdin, M Divine, C Haioun, S Zafrani, M Goossens
Journal: Blood (1990)
Abstract 1239: CDKN2B loss promotes progression from benign melanocytic nevus to melanoma
Authors: Andrew McNeal, Kevin Liu, Vihang Nakhate, Christopher Natale, Brian Capell, Tzvete Dentchev, Shelley Berger, Meenhard Herlyn, John Seykora, Todd W. Ridky
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The CDKN2A locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes two tumor suppressors: the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a and the MDM2 regulator p14ARF. Homozygous deletion of this locus is among the most common genetic events in human cancer across tissues, with the resultant selective advantage to cancer cells generally attributed to the loss of CDKN2A proteins, which help maintain functional Rb and p53. However, in greater than 90% of cancer tissues harboring CDKN2A deletion, the adjacent CDKN2B gene encoding the p15 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, is also deleted. The degree to which CDKN2B-encoded p15 loss contributes to human tumorigenesis is unclear. Here we show that CDKN2B is highly upregulated in common, benign melanocytic nevi (moles) expressing the constitutively active BRAF(V600E) oncogene. A large percentage of melanomas develop in continuity with these pre-existing nevi, suggesting that nevus melanocytes are not permanently senescent, and can serve as tumor-initiating cells upon acquisition of additional genetic changes. By examining primary melanocytes isolated directly from freshly excised benign human nevi, as well as normal primary melanocytes engineered to inducibly express BRAF(V600E), we link BRAF activation to a TGFβ-dependent p15 induction that arrests nevi in their pre-malignant state. We also use the primary nevus cells to establish a new genetically-defined, human in vivo melanoma xenograft model, which maximizes medical relevance by utilizing the naturally occurring melanoma precursor cells in a native 3-dimensional environment. With this approach, we show that p15 depletion in benign nevi promotes progression to melanoma, establishing the reversibility of nevus melanocyte growth arrest, and the functional importance of CDKN2B loss in human cancer. Citation Format: Andrew McNeal, Kevin Liu, Vihang Nakhate, Christopher Natale, Brian Capell, Tzvete Dentchev, Shelley Berger, Meenhard Herlyn, John Seykora, Todd W. Ridky. CDKN2B loss promotes progression from benign melanocytic nevus to melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1239. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1239
Abstract 30: Body Mass Index Is Associated With Markers Of Inflammation And Liver Damage Among Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Byong Nam Jun, Yoo Ju Nam, Dong Phil Choi, Ju-Mi Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: Obesity is the main cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical studies reported that adolescent obesity is also associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers and liver enzymes. However, it is unclear whether adolescents’ body mass index (BMI) within the normal range is associated with inflammatory marker or liver enzyme levels. Thus we investigated the association of BMI with C-reactive protein (CRP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in healthy Korean adolescents. Methods: The JSHS Study is a prospective cohort study to investigate the risk factors for vascular change in early life. The current cross-sectional analysis enrolled 540 boys and 506 girls, aged 15-16 years old, who participated in the baseline examinations between 2007 and 2012. Baseline measurements included anthropometrics, physical examinations, questionnaires, and fasting blood analysis. Spearman correlation and linear regressions analyses were used to investigate the association of BMI with CRP and ALT. All statistical analyses were performed separately for males and females. Results: CRP levels were positively correlated with BMI in males (correlation coefficient r=0.175, p&lt;0.001) and females (r=0.206, p&lt;0.001). After adjustment for age, smoking and alcohol consumption, higher BMI was positively associated with increased CRP levels (β=0.157, p&lt;0.001 for male; β=0.195, p&lt;0.001 for female). But this association was attenuated (β=0.091, p=0.074 for male; β=0.085, p=0.091 for female), when the analysis was limited to adolescents with normal range of BMI (18.5 to 25.0 kg/m2). ALT levels were positively correlated with BMI only in males (correlation coefficient r=0.337, p&lt;0.001) but not in females (r=0.072, p=0.104). After adjustment for age, smoking and alcohol consumption, higher BMI was positively associated with increased ALT levels (β=0.436, p&lt;0.001 for male; β=0.094, p=0.034 for female). But this association was significant only in males (β=0.190, p&lt;0.001) not in females (β=0.074, p=0.143), when the analysis was limited to adolescents with normal range of BMI. Conclusion: Higher BMI was positively associated with increased levels of CRP and ALT among healthy Korean adolescents. The positive association between BMI and ALT levels was observed even in male adolescents with normal range of BMI.