tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End-systolic measures of regional ventricular performance.
Authors: T Aversano, W L Maughan, W C Hunter, D Kass, L C Becker
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Dimension change measures of regional ventricular function, such as absolute or percent wall thickening (delta T or % delta T) or segmental shortening (delta L or % delta L), are highly load dependent. In 16 anesthetized mongrel dogs we assessed use of the end-systolic pressure-thickness and end-systolic pressure-length relationships (ESPTR, ESPLR) as more load-independent measures of regional function. We found that the ESPTR and ESPLR could be measured without detectable baroreceptor-mediated reflex changes in cardiac contractile state. Systemic administration of dobutamine shifted the ESPTR to the right and the ESPLR to the left of control, mainly due to a change in the slope (Ees) of the relationships. Both delta T, % delta T and delta L, % delta L failed to detect the positive inotropic effect of dobutamine because of an associated reduction in preload. With systemic administration of propranolol, ESPTR, ESPLR, delta T, % delta T, and delta L, % delta L detected the negative inotropic effect. Thus systemic propranolol shifted the ESPTR to the left and the ESPLR to the right of control, mainly due to a change in Ees. Regional administration of dobutamine shifted the ESPTR and the ESPLR in the direction of positive contractility in the region receiving the drug, whereas simple dimension change measures of regional function failed to detect the inotropic effect because preload fell and the timing of regional end-systole was altered. With regional propranolol both the ESPTR, ESPLR and simple dimension change measures detected the negative inotropic effect. Thus the ESPTR, ESPLR is a reliable measure of regional ventricular function and may be better than simple dimension change measures of regional function, particularly when loading conditions or the timing of regional systole is altered by an intervention.
Shock and Its Effect on the Cell
Authors: William Schumer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Formerly the clinician diagnosed and treated the shock complex on the basis of hemodynamic principles. For example, subjective findings exemplifying peripheral vasoconstriction and the objective signs of blood pressure, pulse, and central venous pressure were essential in determining his course of action. Today the accelerated pace of biochemical research and development of new instrumentation has imparted a new philosophy to shock therapy: the treatment of the cell. Since shock is a disorder of the molecules of cells, the physician must understand the effects of low perfusion on the breakdown and repair of the cell. The following is a review of the function and chemistry of the cell in health, progressive shock, and its response to adequate therapy. <h3>The Cell.—</h3> Organelles are specific functional components or bodies in a cell (Fig 1). (1) The<i>nucleus</i>controls cell function. (2) The<i>mitochondria</i>produce energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), from breakdown of sugars, fats,
Fibrin formation and platelet aggregation in patients with severe coronary artery disease: relationship with the degree of myocardial ischemia.
Authors: A Gallino, A Haeberli, H R Baur, P W Straub
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Fibrinopeptide A (FpA) concentrations in plasma and in 24 hr urine specimens as well as beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) in plasma were measured in 17 patients with severe angina pectoris, including both stable and unstable angina, and in 19 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with unstable angina had plasma FpA and BTG levels of 5.2 +/- 1.7 ng/ml and 91 +/- 23 ng/ml, respectively. The corresponding concentrations of FpA in the 24 hr urine specimens were 8.2 +/- 1.4 micrograms/24 hr. These values were similar to those measured in patients with acute myocardial infarction and higher than the corresponding levels in patients with stable angina (p less than .05) and in normal control subjects (p less than .01). The similarity of the platelet and coagulation findings in patients with unstable angina and in those with myocardial infarction favors the hypothesis that coronary thrombosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction.
Passive smoking is a major determinant of exhaled nitric oxide levels in allergic asthmatic children
Authors: Y. Laoudi, L. Nikasinovic, F. Sahraoui, A. Grimfeld, I. Momas, J. Just
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is considered, by some authors, to be a treatment follow-up parameter in allergic asthmatics. However, factors such as active smoking can influence NO production and must be taken into account in the interpretation of FeNO values. In children, the evidence in favour of an impact of passive smoking (PS) on FeNO values is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic PS on FeNO in allergic asthmatic children.Seventy nontreated allergic asthmatic children over 5 years of age, exposed and unexposed to PS, underwent measurement of FeNO, spirometry, and allergic tests (skin prick tests, total and specific serum IgE, and blood eosinophilia). Children were considered to be exposed to PS when at least 1 cigarette per day was declared to be smoked at home.Geometric mean FeNO value in 22 children exposed to PS was 26.3 +/- 1.5 ppb vs 56.3 +/- 1.7 ppb in 48 children unexposed (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, blood eosinophilia, allergic sensitizations, total IgE, dust mite sensitization and asthma severity, multivariate analysis showed that PS exposure was negatively associated with FeNO values (P = 0.0001) and was the primary determinant of FeNO variations.Passive smoking lowers FeNO, and might be a major determinant of FeNO levels in nontreated allergic asthmatic children.
Targeting TCTP as a New Therapeutic Strategy in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Virginie Baylot, Maria Katsogiannou, Claudia Andrieu, David Taieb, Julie Acunzo, Sophie Giusiano, Ladan Fazli, Martin Gleave, Carmen Garrido, Palma Rocchi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is highly overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and an antisense inhibitor (OGX-427) is currently in phase II clinical trials. In order to understand mechanisms of action of Hsp27 and find new therapeutic targets specific of CRPC, we screened for Hsp27 client proteins. Here, we report that translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a new Hsp27 client protein involved in Hsp27 cytoprotection. We found that TCTP expression is absent or weak in normal prostate cells, moderately expressed in 18.5% of treatment naive PC, and becomes uniformly and strongly expressed in 75% of CRPC. To define TCTP function, we developed and worldwide patented a TCTP antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Interestingly, we found that CRPC progression correlates with TCTP overexpression and loss of P53. TCTP knockdown restored P53 expression and function, suggesting that castration-sensitivity is directly linked to P53 expression. Collectively, these findings provide a new Hsp27 cytoprotection mechanism in CRPC, and preclinical proof-of-concept that combining ASO-mediated TCTP knockdown with castration and/or docetaxel therapy could serve as a novel strategy to treat CRPC, with no or little toxicity for normal prostate cells.
Increased Platelet Adherence to Leukocytes Results in Cysteinyl Leukotriene (cysLT) Overproduction in Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD)
Authors: T.M. Laidlaw, M.S. Kidder, N. Bhattacharyya, G.L. Milne, J.A. Boyce
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Smoking and Suicidality Among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Antti Tanskanen, Heimo Viinamäki, Jukka Hintikka, Heli-Tuulie Koivumaa-Honkanen, Johannes Lehtonen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

This study investigated the relationship between smoking and suicidality among psychiatric patients.All psychiatric patients (N = 1,217) from Kuopio University Hospital in eastern Finland were examined for current smoking, suicidal ideation, previous suicide attempts, and other risk factors by using a cross-sectional, multivariate design.The probability of at least one previous suicide attempt was 100% higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers. Smokers also had a 43% higher risk of experiencing mild to severe suicidal ideation than nonsmokers.Current smoking was significantly related to suicidality in multiple logistic models, even after several confounding factors were controlled. The independence of this association seems possible, but the subject requires further research.
Cost effectiveness of clinically appropriate decisions on alternative treatments for angina pectoris: prospective observational study
Authors: S C Griffin, J A Barber, A Manca, M J Sculpher, S G Thompson, M J Buxton, H Hemingway
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To assess whether revascularisation that is considered to be clinically appropriate is also cost effective. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational study comparing cost effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, or medical management within groups of patients rated as appropriate for revascularisation. <b>Setting</b> Three tertiary care centres in London. <b>Participants</b> Consecutive, unselected patients rated as clinically appropriate (using a nine member Delphi panel) to receive coronary artery bypass grafting only (n=815); percutaneous coronary intervention only (n=385); or both revascularisation procedures (n=520). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Cost per quality adjusted life year gained over six year follow-up, calculated with a National Health Service cost perspective and discounted at 3.5%/year. <b>Results</b> Coronary artery bypass grafting cost £22 000 (€33 000; $43 000) per quality adjusted life year gained compared with percutaneous coronary intervention among patients appropriate for coronary artery bypass grafting only (59% probability of being cost effective at a cost effectiveness threshold of £30 000 per quality adjusted life year) and £19 000 per quality adjusted life year gained compared with medical management among those appropriate for both types of revascularisation (probability of being cost effective 63%). In none of the three appropriateness groups was percutaneous coronary intervention cost effective at a threshold of £30 000 per quality adjusted life year. Among patients rated appropriate for percutaneous coronary intervention only, the cost per quality adjusted life year gained for percutaneous coronary intervention compared with medical management was £47 000, exceeding usual cost effectiveness thresholds; in these patients, medical management was most likely to be cost effective (probability 54%). <b>Conclusions</b> Among patients judged clinically appropriate for coronary revascularisation, coronary artery bypass grafting seemed cost effective but percutaneous coronary intervention did not. Cost effectiveness analysis based on observational data suggests that the clinical benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention may not be sufficient to justify its cost.
Lupus myocarditis in children
Authors: A Gupta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Figure 1 Active genital ulcer of the left labium majus together with genital scars.(A) Before the first infusion with infliximab; (B) 2 weeks after the first infusion; (C) 4 weeks after the second infusion.744 www.annrheumdis.com
Abstract 3280: Generation of orthotopic mouse models of breast cancer
Authors: Marta Palafox, Pasquale Pellegrini, Laura Barbera, Ander Urruticoechea, Josefina Climent, Maria Teresa Soler, Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The current systemic treatments for breast cancer include chemotherapy, and targeted approaches such as anti-hormonal and anti-Her2 treatments. These treatments are effective only in a percentage of cases and even those initially responsive tumors eventually acquire resistance. It is critical to define the mechanisms of resistance and to identify the population of resistant cells to target them efficiently. We have generated mouse models for the study of breast cancer tumors based on the orthotopic implantation of fresh primary human tumor pieces and cancer cells isolated from pleural effusions in immunodeficient mice. A total of 55 fresh tumor pieces and tumor cells isolated from 5 pleural effusions have been implanted into the cleared fat pad of nude, NOD/SCID and SCID/beige mice. Slow release estrogen pellets have been implanted in the intercapsular region at the same time as tumors. Nine out of the 60 samples implanted gave rise to palpable lesions, 5 derived from fresh tumor pieces and 4 from tumor cells isolated from pleural effusions and are being maintained by serial passages in mice. Currently we have five well-established tumors, 2 TNBC (triple negative breast cancer), 2 luminal tumors and one Her2 positive tumor. Morphologically tumors growing in mice resemble human tumors. Latency to tumor development and growth rates are being evaluated in different serial passages and host mice. Tumors at different passages are being characterized at the histological level and for the expression of ER, PR, Her2, EGFR, cytokeratins and p53, and compared with the primary human tumor. Once tumors are established and characterized we will test their sensitivity to drugs currently used in the clinic. Orthotopic tumor xenografts will allow gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance. Genetic and epigenetic analysis will allow to identify the chromosomal regions related with resistance. Similarly, differential gene expression profiling will be determined by microarray analysis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3280.
Paecilomyces variotii fungemia in a patient with multiple myeloma: case report and literature review
Authors: Valery Salle, Emmanuelle Lecuyer, Taieb Chouaki, Francois Xavier Lescure, Amar Smail, Agnes Vaidie, Charles Dayen, Jean Luc Schmit, Jean Pierre Ducroix, Youcef Douadi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2004)
Nilotinib is associated with a reduced incidence of BCR-ABL mutations vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Authors: Andreas Hochhaus, Giuseppe Saglio, Richard A. Larson, Dong-Wook Kim, Gabriel Etienne, Gianantonio Rosti, Carmino De Souza, Mineo Kurokawa, Matt E. Kalaycio, Albert Hoenekopp, Xiaolin Fan, Yaping Shou, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Timothy P. Hughes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Swallow: Foreign Bodies, Their Ingestion, Inspiration, and the Curious Doctor Who Extracted Them
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Some books defy categorization. Swallow: Foreign Bodies, Their Ingestion, Inspiration, and the Curious Doctor Who Extracted Them is one. It is a repository of oddities, a soliloquy to swallowing, a meditation on the mouth, and an ode to a remarkable physician.
Local High-Capacity Adenovirus-Mediated mCTLA4Ig and mCD40Ig Expression Prolongs Recombinant Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Zhi-Long Jiang, Daniel Reay, Florian Kreppel, Andrea Gambotto, Eleanor Feingold, Stefan Kochanek, Susan A. McCarthy, Paula R. Clemens
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Multiple forms of muscular dystrophy are due to the absence of cytoskeletal muscle proteins that normally protect the integrity of muscle cells. The lack of any adequate treatments for these devastating diseases propels research toward the development of strategies for gene delivery to skeletal muscle. High-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdV) devoid of all viral coding sequences have been developed to avoid expression of viral proteins by the gene therapy vector. However, the capsid proteins that are an essential component of the input viral vector and any residual helper virus in the vector preparation could induce an immune response. Furthermore, the therapeutic protein provided by a gene transfer vector presents the potential to induce an immune response in a patient who does not express a normal cellular protein due to genetic mutation. Therefore, we hypothesize that some immune suppression will be required with therapeutic gene delivery designed for the treatment of patients with inherited muscle diseases. In this study, we constructed and rescued three HC-AdVs expressing murine CTLA4Ig, murine CD40Ig, or both. The backbone vector without a gene insert was rescued as a negative control vector. The production of relevant proteins from each vector was determined in vitro. In vivo function of each of the immunosuppressant vectors was assayed by co-injection with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing first-generation adenoviral vector (AdEGFP) into the tibialis anterior muscle of C57BL/10 mice. Higher levels of muscle EGFP expression were observed in animals receiving an immunosuppressant vector. Furthermore, the production of total anti-AdV and anti-EGFP antibodies was reduced in mice treated with each of the three immunosuppressant vectors. A second intramuscular administration of AdEGFP alone 4 weeks after the initial co-injection was successful in all immunosuppressant vector-treated groups, but not in the negative control vector-treated group. All groups had a high antibody response to adenoviral proteins after the second injection of AdEGFP alone, indicating that the initial co-injection did not tolerize against vector capsid antigens.
GAO: CMS Needs to Hit Fraud Harder
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Helmut Albrecht, Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 May 1995Prophylaxis for Opportunistic InfectionsHelmut Albrecht and Hans-Jürgen StellbrinkHelmut AlbrechtSearch for more papers by this author and Hans-Jürgen StellbrinkSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-9-199505010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It was gratifying to find such a complete overview of the prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections in Annals [1, 2]. I would like to add a few comments about the treatment and prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has proved to be the most efficacious drug for the prevention of both pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim act by sequential and synergistic blockage of folic acid metabolism. Accordingly, folic acid can reverse the action of TMP-SMX. In my experience, high to excessive doses of multivitamins are a popular adjuvant therapy among persons with human immunodeficiency ...References1. Gallant JE, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:932-44. Google Scholar2. Kovacs JA. Advances in the therapy of toxoplasmosis pp 946-8. In: Lane HC, moderator. Recent advances in the management of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:945-55. Google Scholar3. Stellbrink HJ, Fuhrer-Burow R, Raedler R, Albrecht H, Fenske S. Risk factors for severe disease due to Toxoplasma gondii in HIV-positive patients. Eur J Epidemiol. 1993; 9:633-7. Google Scholar4. Katlama C, de Wit S, Guichard A and the ENTA. Pyrimethamine-clindamycin (P/C) versus pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine (P/S) in toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) in AIDS: a randomized prospective multicentric study (Abstract). In: Abstracts of the VII International Conference on AIDS, Florence, Italy; 1991. Google Scholar5. Katlama C, de Wit S, Clumeck N and the ENTA Toxoplasmosis Study Group. Efficacy of pyrimethamine-clindamycine (P-C) for the long term suppressive therapy of toxoplasmosis encephalitis (TE) in AIDS patients (p) (Abstract). In: Abstracts of the Fourth European Conference of Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV Infection, Milan; March 16-18, 1994. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Helmut Albrecht; Hans-Jürgen StellbrinkAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 9Page: 730-731KeywordsBlood-brain barrierCerebrospinal fluidClindamycinDrugsFolic acidMedical servicesOpportunistic infectionsProphylaxisPyrimethamineToxoplasmosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lung transplantation: beyond palliation
Authors: R.D. Levy, M. Estenne, W. Weder, M.G. Cosio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We performed an integrated analysis of drug chemical structures and drug-induced transcriptional responses. We demonstrated that a network representing 3D structural similarities among 5,452 compounds can be used to automatically group together drugs with similar scaffolds and mode-of-action. We then compared the structural network to a network representing transcriptional similarities among a subset of 1,309 drugs for which transcriptional response were available in the Connectivity Map dataset. Analysis of structurally similar, but transcriptionally different, drugs sharing the same mode of action (MOA) enabled us to detect and remove weak and noisy transcriptional responses, greatly enhancing the reliability and usefulness of transcription-based approaches to drug discovery and drug repositioning. Analysis of transcriptionally similar, but structurally different drugs with unrelated MOA, led us to the identification of a “toxic” transcriptional signature indicative of lysosomal stress (lysosomotropism) and lipid accumulation (phospholipidosis) partially masking the target-specific transcriptional effects of these drugs. We further demonstrated by High Content Screening that this transcriptional signature is caused by the activation of the transcription factor TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Our results show that chemical structures and transcriptional profiles provide complementary information and that combined analysis can lead to new insights on on- and off-target effects of small molecules.
Effects of pharmacologic coronary hyperemia on echocardiographic left ventricular function in patients with single vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Morton J. Kern, Anthony C. Pearson, Arthur J. Labovitz, Ubeydullah Deligonul, Michel Vandormael, Chalapathirao Gudipati, Denise Mrosek, Kathleen Habermehl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)