tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Less Diabetes with Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System?
Authors: T. Lau, P.-O. Carlsson, P.S. Leung
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

It requires little persuasion to convince nephrologists that diabetes type 2 and diabetic nephropathy have become major challenges to nephrology. Although the twin culprits of genetic predisposition ([1][1]) and modern lifestyle ([2][2]) are undoubtedly the major cause of the rising tide of type 2
The Mini-CEX: A Method for Assessing Clinical Skills
Authors: John J. Norcini, Linda L. Blank, F Daniel Duffy, Gregory S. Fortna
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Objective: To evaluate the miniclinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX), which assesses the clinical skills of residents. Design: Observational study and psychometric assessment of the mini-CEX. Setting: 21 internal medicine training programs. Participants: Data from 1228 mini-CEX encounters involving 421 residents and 316 evaluators. Intervention: The encounters were assessed for the type of visit, sex and complexity of the patient, when the encounter occurred, length of the encounter, ratings provided, and the satisfaction of the examiners. Using this information, we determined the overall average ratings for residents in all categories, the reliability of the mini-CEX scores, and the effects of the characteristics of the patients and encounters. Measurements: Interviewing skills, physical examination, professionalism, clinical judgment, counseling, organization and efficiency, and overall competence were evaluated. Results: Residents were assessed in various clinical settings with a diverse set of patient problems. Residents received the lowest ratings in the physical examination and the highest ratings in professionalism. Comparisons over the first year of training showed statistically significant improvement in all aspects of competence, and the method generated reliable ratings. Conclusions: The measurement characteristics of the mini-CEX are similar to those of other performance assessments, such as standardized patients. Unlike these assessments, the difficulty of the examination will vary with the patients that a resident encounters. This effect is mitigated to a degree by the examiners, who slightly overcompensate for patient difficulty, and by the fact that each resident interacts with several patients. Furthermore, the mini-CEX has higher fidelity than these formats, permits evaluation based on a much broader set of clinical settings and patient problems, and is administered on site.
The role of initial minimum potentials on body surface maps in predicting the site of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: S Kamakura, K Shimomura, T Ohe, M Matsuhisa, H Toyoshima
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Forty-one patients (23 men and 18 women, ages 20 to 66 years) with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were studied with isopotential body surface maps during sinus rhythm to find the most reliable index for predicting the sites of single accessory pathways. The sites predicted by surface maps were compared with those confirmed by multicatheter electrophysiologic study or in the course of surgical operation. Location of the initial minimum by a time criterion, 40 msec after onset of the QRS complex, was not reliable enough for prediction in patients with the small delta wave on their electrocardiograms, because ventricular activation via the normal conduction pathway significantly influenced the location of the minimum. Location of the minimum by an amplitude criterion, -0.15 mV or slightly deeper, was influenced minimally by fusion of ventricular activation, the patient's body size, or age and corresponded well to the site of the accessory pathway in 36 of 41 patients. Those minima appeared on circumscribed areas of the map in accordance with the anatomic subdivisions of the atrioventricular ring. Thus location of the minimum by the amplitude criterion was an excellent index for predicting the site of the accessory pathway, regardless of the degree of ventricular fusion. These amplitude-based map features suggest that nonstandard electrocardiograms recorded from selected positions on the body surface can be used as accurate predictors of the sites of accessory pathways.
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in a Calcified Bladder Tumor
Authors: ERIC M. ROHREN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 68-year-old man with a history of prostate carcinoma and increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen was referred for a radionuclide bone scan. In addition to a probable metastatic lesion in the right femoral head, focal radiotracer accumulation was seen overlying the left aspect of the urinary bladder. Plain radiographs and pelvic computed tomography confirmed the presence of a calcified mass in the bladder. Cystoscopic examination revealed an exophytic bladder lesion. Biopsy indicated low-grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma, and the patient successfully underwent transurethral resection of this tumor.
Does History-Taking Affect Learning of Attitudes?
Authors: Wolfram Schüffel, Ulrich Egle, Ulrich Schairer, Aegidius Schneider
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

How can medical students adopt a patient-oriented approach?During the past 7 years approximately 60 preclinical and clinical students joined dynamically oriented group sessions on medical history-taking. An open-ended question technique was used.The student's expectations of the patient were monitored by the repertory grid technique using a self-developed dyad grid form which allowed the estimation of reciprocal expectations as seen by the student. A main component analysis of the ratings obtained was performed.The development in one group was taken as representative of the general development in the different groups. Two main components (MC I, II) were found to account for approximately 40 and 25% of the total variance (distance/empathy and dominance/dependence). The student's main concern is centered on the problem of dependence, MC II. He expects the patient to cling to him. Similarly he feels dependent on the psychosomatic lecturer. He feels as though he is the lecturer's patient. During group work the patient is seen to be less clinging. The student learns that he is not his lecturer's patient but his junior partner. He changes his professional ego-ideal as a future doctor. This is modelled according to his own relationship with the lecturer. It is not modelled according to the usual doctor-patient relationship as perceived by the student. The main characteristic of the change is a lessening of dependency needs as felt in the relationship to the patient.The findings are interpreted as an attitudinal change in favour of a more patient-oriented attitude. The change was affected through confrontation with the patient's needs. Conclusions were drawn: The student has to be trained how to cope with dependency needs. Special learning settings have to be provided which are staffed with patient-oriented physicians.
ABC of arterial and venous disease: Acute stroke
Authors: P. M W Bath
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Philip M W Bath is professor of stroke medicine, University of Nottingham, and Kennedy R Lees is professor of cerebrovascular medicine, university department of medicine and therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow.



The ABC of arterial and venous disease is edited by Richard Donnelly, professor of vascular medicine, University of Nottingham and Southern Derbyshire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (richard.donnelly/at/nottingham.ac.uk) and Nick J M London, professor of surgery, University of Leicester, Leicester (sms16/at/leicester.ac.uk). It will be published as a book later this year.
Case-control study of evening melatonin concentration in primary insomnia
Authors: M E J Attenburrow, B A Dowling, A L Sharpley, P J Cowen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The function of melatonin is not fully established, but recent studies suggest that it plays a role in the regulation of sleep. Thus, physiological doses of melatonin given to healthy volunteers decreased the time taken to fall asleep,1 and the incidence of insomnia in the population rises during middle and old age,2 when serum concentrations of melatonin decline.3 Haimov et al found that elderly patients with insomnia had lower than normal peak urinary concentrations of the melatonin metabolite 6-sulphatoxy melatonin and a delayed onset to peak secretion.4 We investigated evening plasma melatonin concentrations in subjects with primary insomnia and matched controls and predicted that the subjects with insomnia would have lower melatonin concentrations.

Cases and controls were recruited predominantly by advertisement, but two cases …
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reinfection in liver transplant patientsreceiving hepatitis B immune globulin: Role of S mutants
Authors: T. Santantonio, A. Marzano, M. Mazzola, A. Guastadisegni, M. Rendina, A. Mangia, G. Bellati, G.B. Gaeta, A. Francavilla, G. Pastore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Genotoxicity of 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone in relation to effects on glutathione and NAD(P)H levels in V79 cells.
Authors: G Ludewig, S Dogra, H Glatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

1,4-Benzoquinone is cytotoxic in V79 Chinese hamster cells and induces gene mutations and micronuclei. The cell-damaging effects of quinones are usually attributed to thiol depletion, oxidation of NAD(P)H, and redox-cycling involving the formation of semiquinone radicals and reactive oxygen species. To elucidate the role of these mechanisms in the genotoxicity of 1,4-benzoquinone, we measured various genotoxic effects, cytotoxicity, and the levels of glutathione, NADPH, NADH, and their oxidized forms all in the same experiment. 1,4-Naphthoquinone, which does not induce gene mutations in V79 cells, was investigated for comparative reasons. The quinones had a similar effect on the levels of cofactors. Total glutathione was depleted, but levels of oxidized glutathione were slightly increased. The levels of NADPH and NADH were reduced at high concentrations of the quinones with a simultaneous increase in the levels of NADP+ and NAD+. Both compounds induced micronuclei, but neither increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. Only 1,4-benzoquinone induced gene mutations. This effect was observed at low concentrations, where none of the other parameters studied was affected. When the cells were depleted of glutathione prior to treatment with the quinones, the induction of gene mutations and micronuclei remained virtually unchanged. We conclude that a) induction of micronuclei and glutathione depletion by the two quinones are not linked causally, b) 1,4-benzoquinone induces gene mutations by a mechanism different from oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and c) glutathione does not fully protect the cells against the genotoxicity of quinones.
Abstract 2140: Oral antiangiogenic therapy suppresses xenograft growth and is well tolerated in rats.
Authors: Ofra Benny, Lauren Bazinet, Robert D'Amato
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lodamin, the oral formulation of TNP-470, a methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAp2) inhibitor, was previously shown to significantly inhibit angiogenesis and suppress the progression of fast growing murine tumors. Lodamins’ unique structure as a polymer micelle composed of poly(ethylene-glycol)-poly(lactic)acid (PEG-PLA) conjugate of TNP-470 is pharmacologically advantageous over the non-conjugated form. It shows better stability, oral availability, solubility in water and importantly, has an improved safety profile (Benny O. Folkman J et al, Nat Biotech, 2008). We now report the successful large scale synthesis of Lodamin, yielding pure and active product composed of mPEG-PLA-TNP-470 conjugate without residual free drug as confirmed by NMR and LC-MS/MS. The safety profile of Lodamin was studied in an acute high dose rat study (4 fold higher than therapeutic dose). Lodamin was administered at 10mg/kg or 60mg/kg via oral gavage while control rats were given vehicle only. After 7 days of daily treatment, no changes in body weight or behavior were observed compared to the control group. On day 8 post treatment, gross pathology of all rats was examined. This data showed Lodamin treatment had no adverse effect on tissue morphology. Lodamin is a potent antiangiogenic drug in numerous in vivo murine models including the corneal micropocket assay, matrigel assay, Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model (Benny O. Folkman J et al, Nat Biotech, 2008, Benny O. D'Amato R et al, Plos One 2010). We now show that in addition to its dramatic anti-cancer effects on Lewis lung carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma murine tumors, Lodamin suppresses human tumors induced in nude mice. The volume of subcutaneous (s.c) human glioblastoma (U87MG) xenografts were reduced by 70% after 30 days, and 71% after 45 days when administered by gavage or in drinking water, respectively. Human breast tumor (MDA-MB231, s.c) growth was inhibited by 62% after 47 days of administration, and Human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2, s.c) tumor growth was inhibited by 60% after only 12 days. Taken together we have established Lodamin as a potent antiangiogenic drug which retains TNP-470 activity without TNP-470-associated side effects. Lodamin is a safe and efficacious drug in our animal models and hopefully will be reintroduced for the treatment of cancer in patients. Citation Format: Ofra Benny, Lauren Bazinet, Robert D'Amato. Oral antiangiogenic therapy suppresses xenograft growth and is well tolerated in rats. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2140
Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Seronegative Homosexuals Presenting With an Acute Viral Syndrome
Authors: Harold A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Early diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is difficult because patients may be seronegative for HIV at the time of presentation. We have used a serum HIV antigen (HIV-Ag) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to diagnose acute HIV infection in four high-risk patients. The clinical syndrome in these four patients was characterized by fever (four), rash (three), myalgiasarthralgias (three), and pharyngitis (two). All patients had spontaneous resolution of their symptoms within eight to 12 days. Serum HIV antibody, as measured by a commercially available screening EIA and by Western blot analysis, was negative in all patients at time of presentation and all seroconverted on subsequent testing. Human immunodeficiency virus was isolated from two of two patients during the acute illness. Initial serum samples from all four patients were positive for HIV-Ag. Serum samples of three of four patients became negative for HIV-Ag and positive for HIV antibody. These data suggest that serum HIV-Ag detection by EIA may be useful in the diagnosis of the acute syndrome caused by HIV infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1196-1199)
Are asthma and allergies in children and adolescents increasing? Results from ISAAC phase I and phase III surveys in Münster, Germany
Authors: W. Maziak, T. Behrens, T. M. Brasky, H. Duhme, P. Rzehak, S. K. Weiland, U. Keil
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Objective: To assess time trends in symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema among children in Münster, Germany. Methods: Two cross‐sectional surveys 5‐years apart (1994/1995, 1999/2000) using ISAAC core written and video questionnaires and applying the ISAAC protocol. Two main age groups (6–7 and 13–14 year olds) were designated with information collected by parental and self‐report for both age groups, respectively. A school‐based sample of 7744 participants in the 1994/1995 survey and 7962 participants in the 1999/2000 survey was recruited. In the first and second surveys, response rates for the 6–7 year olds were 81 and 82%, respectively, while for the 13–14 year olds response rates were 94% in both. Analyses focus on the change in 12‐month prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema. Results: There is a tendency towards an increase in current symptoms for all three conditions and in both age groups, but more so among girls. Indices of diagnosis either remained the same or increased in parallel to the increase in symptoms. Indices of severity also showed a homogenous increase in the 5‐year study period. Conclusions: Our study shows that symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema are increasing, reflecting a change in the morbidity of these conditions in our population.
Not All That Wheezes Is Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Inderpal Randhawa, Eliezer Nussbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 10-year-old girl presented with episodic wheezing, dyspnea, and progressive exercise intolerance. On physical examination, she had moderate bilateral expiratory wheezing. There was no demonstrable objective improvement with inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, montelukast, and oral corticosteroids.
Mechanisms of Actions of Inhaled Anesthetics
Authors: Jason A. Campagna, Keith W. Miller, Stuart A. Forman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

"Suffering so great as I underwent cannot be expressed in words . . . but the blank whirlwind of emotion, the horror of great darkness, and the sense of desertion by God and man, which swept through my mind, and overwhelmed my heart, I can never forget."1 Such was the experience of surgery before October 1846, when William Morton's successful public demonstration of ether anesthesia at Massachusetts General Hospital led to its widespread acceptance by surgeons. Today, anesthesiologists employ a wide variety of drugs, some of which they use exclusively to produce general anesthesia.2,3 This review focuses on the . . .
The Paris Exposition.
Authors: Charles H. Beard
Journal: JAMA (1900)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I send you this, thinking that a letter relative to medical and surgical matters at the Exposition might be of interest to readers ofThe Journal. The exhibits in this line constitute Class 16 in Group 3 of the catalogue, and include not only everything pertaining to medicine and surgery but also all objects dental and the instruments of the veterinary surgeon. The jury for this class is composed of fifteen members, only three of whom are not Parisians and one of these three is a Frenchman, viz., the noted surgeon, Reverdin, of Geneva. Only one member is not a physician, Leclere, our secretary, and also a leading local manufacturer of surgical dressings, sutures, etc. But one of the resident members is not a native-born Frenchman, though he has lived in Paris for the past fifteen years. I refer to Dr. de Christmas, who is a Dane,
EPHEDRINE DERMATOSES: CLINICAL AND EXPERLMENTAL STUDY OF A PERSONAL CASE, WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.
Authors: E. WILLLIM ABRAMOWITZ, MAURICE H. NOUN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article EPHEDRINE DERMATOSES: CLINICAL AND EXPERLMENTAL STUDY OF A PERSONAL CASE, WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Get access E. WILLLIM ABRAMOWITZ, M.D., E. WILLLIM ABRAMOWITZ, M.D. Assistant Professor, Dermatology and Syphilology, New York Post‐Graduate Medical School, Columbia University, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MAURICE H. NOUN, M.D. MAURICE H. NOUN, M.D. Clinical Assistant, Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, New York Post‐Graduate Medical School, Columbia University, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 6, 1 June 1933, Pages 225–237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10169.x Published: 01 June 1933
Angioplasty better than thrombolytics after heart attack
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A variety of software tools for camera trap data management have been produced over the years, though the authors encountered numerous shortcomings with each. Camelot is a new open source cross-platform software application for managing camera trap survey data. Camelot is designed to be both powerful and easy-to-use. It provides a number of innovative features, such as an extensible reporting system that serves as an integration point with specialised analysis tools. This combination of features and usability makes it a compelling alternative to existing camera trap data management software.
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: George L. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

WITHIN the past two years 2 patients who presented problems in the prevention of attacks of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia have been seen. In 1 of these, guanethidine and right-sided dorsal sympathectomy have completely relieved the attacks for more than two years. In the other the use of subhypotensive doses of guanethidine has offered nearly complete relief of paroxysmal tachycardia — also for a period of two years. There is reason to believe that this gratifying result has been due to a decrease in myocardial content of norepinephrine. Previous re ports of the use of guanethidine for prevention of attacks of . . .
Surrogate End Points and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Vincent Wai–Sun Wong, Grace Lai–Hung Wong, Angel Mei–Ling Chim, Paul Cheung–Lung Choi, Anthony Wing–Hung Chan, Steven Woon–Choy Tsang, Alex Yui Hui, Hoi–Yun Chan, Joseph Jao–Yiu Sung, Henry Lik–Yuen Chan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
EPIDEMIC CEREBRO-SPINAL FEVER: THE PLACE OF THE MENINGOCOCCUS IN ITS ETIOLOGY
Authors: E. C. Hort
Journal: BMJ (1916)

<h3>Background</h3> In 1974, Sweden became the first country to permit fathers to take paid parental leave. Other countries are currently following suit issuing similar laws. While this reform supports the principles of the United Nations convention of the right for children to be with both parents and enshrines the ethos of gender equality, there has been little systematic examination of its potential impact on child health. Instead, there is uninformed debate that fathers may expose their children to greater risks of injury than mothers. In this Swedish national study, the authors therefore assess whether fathers9 parental leave can be regarded as a more serious risk factor for child injuries than that of mothers. <h3>Methods</h3> Nationwide register-based ecological and longitudinal studies of hospitalisation due to injury (and intoxication) in early childhood, involving the Swedish population in 1973–2009 (ecological design), and children born in 1988 and 1989 (n=118 278) (longitudinal design). <h3>Results</h3> An increase in fathers9 share of parental leave over time was parallelled by a downward trend in child injury rates (age 0–4 years). At the individual level, the crude incidence of child injury (age 0–2 years) was lower during paternity as compared with maternity leave. This association was, however, explained by parental socio-demographic characteristics (multivariate HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is no support for the notion that paternity leave increases the risk of child injury.
Calcinosis of joints and periarticular tissues associated with vitamin D intoxication.
Authors: R C Butler, P A Dieppe, A C Keat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and widespread joint and periarticular calcinosis related to self-medication with vitamin D, which was aggravated by oral phosphate therapy prescribed for her hypercalcaemia. Hydroxyapatite was shown in the synovial fluid from affected joints. The role played by tissue injury in the pathogenesis of soft tissue calcification is discussed.