tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of Functional Fas Ligand Enhances Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the Min Mouse Model
Authors: Barbara Fingleton, Kathy J. Carter, Lynn M. Matrisian
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, interacts with a specific receptor Fas, ultimately leading to cell death. Tumor expression of FasL has been proposed to aid in immune evasion through a “Fas counterattack” mechanism but has also been described as a proinflammatory factor. Here, we tested the role of FasL in a mouse model of spontaneous tumor development. We used the Min mouse in which multiple benign polyps develop in the intestine due to a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor gene. Mutant mice deficient in functional FasL, termed gld/gld, were crossed to Min mice to generate tumor-prone animals lacking functional FasL. Comparison of FasL-deficient versus proficient Min mice revealed a significant increase in polyp number in the gld/gld mice. We next assessed immune cell infiltration into adenomas. There was no difference in the number of either lymphocytes or macrophages; however, the number of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils was 3-fold lower in the gld/gld specimens compared with controls. Neutrophil migration in vitro was stimulated by wild-type but not mutant FasL. In a nontumor-bearing colitis model in vivo, neutrophil recruitment to the intestine was also reduced in gld/gld mice. Although the Fas counterattack hypothesis suggests that the absence of FasL would result in increased immune-mediated tumor elimination, the opposite is true in the Min model with lack of functional FasL associated with reduced neutrophil influx and increased tumor development. Thus, the proinflammatory rather than counterattack role of tumor FasL is more relevant. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4800–4806]
Cost of treatment.
Authors: A J Jouhar
Journal: BMJ (1970)

escaping initially due to its high level of parasympathetic tone.' Ileus has for many years been known to occur as the result of a variety of condi- tions, many of them remote from the gastrointestinal tract, and I would submit that the patients described as suffering from pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel were in reality suffering from paralytic ileus.-I
Cyclophosphamide Compared With Ifosfamide in Consolidation Treatment of Standard-Risk Ewing Sarcoma: Results of the Randomized Noninferiority Euro-EWING99-R1 Trial
Authors: Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Michael Paulussen, Ian Lewis, Bernadette Brennan, Andreas Ranft, Jeremy Whelan, Gwénaël Le Teuff, Jean Michon, Ruth Ladenstein, Perrine Marec-Bérard, Henk van den Berg, Lars Hjorth, Keith Wheatley, Ian Judson, Heribert Juergens, Alan Craft, Odile Oberlin, Uta Dirksen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Relative efficacy and toxicity of cyclophosphamide compared with ifosfamide are debatable. The Euro-EWING99-R1 trial asked whether cyclophosphamide may replace ifosfamide in combination with vincristine and dactinomycin (vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide [VAC] v vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide [VAI]) after an intensive induction chemotherapy containing vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in standard-risk localized disease (NCT00020566).
Abstract 5204: Downregulation of PHLLP expression contributes to hypoxia-induced resistance to chemotherapy in colon cancer cells.
Authors: Yang-an Wen, Tianyan Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hypoxia is a feature of solid tumors. Most tumors are at least partially hypoxic. This hypoxic environment plays a critical role in promoting resistance to anticancer drugs. PHLPP, a novel family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating Akt signaling in colon cancer. Here, we show that the expression of both PHLPP isoforms is negatively regulated by hypoxia in colon cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced decrease of PHLPP expression is attenuated by silencing HIF-1α but not HIF-2α, indicating that PHLPP downregulation is HIF-1α-dependent. Whereas the mRNA levels of PHLPP are not significantly altered in hypoxia, the reduction of PHLPP expression is caused by decreased protein translation downstream of mTOR and increased protein degradation. Specifically, hypoxia-induced downregulation of PHLPP is partially rescued in TSC2 or 4E-BP1 knockdown cells as the result of elevated levels of mTOR activity and protein synthesis. In addition, we show that hypoxia promotes PHLPP degradation by increasing the mRNA expression of USP46, a PHLPP-specific deubiquitinase, and resulting in upregulation of PHLPP ubiquitination. Functionally, downregulation of PHLPP plays an important role in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in colon cancer cells. Taken together, we have identified hypoxia as a novel mechanism by which PHLPP is downregulated in colon cancer, and the expression of PHLPP may serve as a biomarker for better understand the drug resistance in cancer treatment. Citation Format: Yang-an Wen, Tianyan Gao. Downregulation of PHLLP expression contributes to hypoxia-induced resistance to chemotherapy in colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5204
ABC of spinal cord injury. Transfer of care from hospital to community.
Authors: D Kinnersly, D Grundy, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Expectation ofindependence Paraplegic-Independent Discharge from hospital is a complicated process for both paraplegic and Low tetraplegic -Independent tetraplegic patients.Physical care is a major concern, and here the or help required with difference between different levels of injury is profound.Paraplegics bladder, bowels, and usually become self caring; those with low tetraplegia, especially if young, orelargelynof depent may also achieve independence, but those with high tetraplegia need someone else to take care of their physical needs to varying degrees.High tetraplegic -Totally dependent Daily careGeneral care should include bathing or showering and inspection of the skin, particularly the pressure points, and toenails because ingrowing toenails are
Communication of Symptoms
Authors: R.C.B. Aitken
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The need for a system for communication of symptoms in an analogue form is discussed. As a symptom is a feeling, whose severity must be without definable category, the use of a discrete system imposes limitation. The use of an analogue system is advocated, such as a visual analogue scale, with reasons based on experience measuring depression, anxiety, asphyxia, insomnia and feelings aroused by film sequences.
DLC1-dependent parathyroid hormone–like hormone inhibition suppresses breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Yufeng Wang, Rong Lei, Xueqian Zhuang, Ning Zhang, Hong Pan, Gang Li, Jing Hu, Xiaoqi Pan, Qian Tao, Da Fu, Jianru Xiao, Y. Eugene Chin, Yibin Kang, Qifeng Yang, Guohong Hu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Bone metastasis is a frequent complication of breast cancer that is often accelerated by TGF-β signaling; however, little is known about how the TGF-β pathway is regulated during bone metastasis. Here we report that deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is an important regulator of TGF-β responses and osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer cells. In murine models, breast cancer cells lacking DLC1 expression exhibited enhanced capabilities of bone metastasis. Knockdown of DLC1 in cancer cells promoted bone metastasis, leading to manifested osteolysis and accelerated death in mice, while DLC1 overexpression suppressed bone metastasis. Activation of Rho-ROCK signaling in the absence of DLC1 mediated SMAD3 linker region phosphorylation and TGF-β–induced expression of parathyroid hormone–like hormone (PTHLH), leading to osteoclast maturation for osteolytic colonization. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Rho-ROCK effectively reduced PTHLH production and breast cancer bone metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Evaluation of clinical breast tumor samples revealed that reduced DLC1 expression was linked to elevated PTHLH expression and organ-specific metastasis to bone. Overall, our findings define a stroma-dependent paradigm of Rho signaling in cancer and implicate Rho–TGF-β crosstalk in osteolytic bone metastasis.
Involvement of a phospholipase D in the mechanism of action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): priming of human neutrophils in vitro with GM-CSF is associated with accumulation of phosphatidic acid and diradylglycerol.
Authors: S Bourgoin, E Plante, M Gaudry, P H Naccache, P Borgeat, P E Poubelle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The generation of diradylglycerol (DRG) and phosphatidic acid (PdtOH) was investigated in neutrophils primed with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Mass accumulation of DRG and PdtOH was measured using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, respectively. GM-CSF had no direct effect on the levels of PdtOH and DRG, but it increased PdtOH generation and the late phase of DRG accumulation in human neutrophils stimulated with FMLP. The elevation of the mass of PdtOH peaked approximately 100 s and clearly preceded that of DRG, which peaked at 150 s. The diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022 enhanced the sustained increase in DRG but did not produce a parallel inhibition in PdtOH production. GM-CSF was without effect on the level of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and did not affect the liberation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 induced by FMLP. These findings exclude the involvement of the PtdIns(4,5)P2-specific phospholipase C/diacylglycerol pathway in the sustained phase of DRG accumulation. The early (30-s) appearance of PdtOH clearly suggests that GM-CSF enhanced FMLP receptor-linked phospholipase D (PLD) generation of PdtOH. PLD was assessed more directly by formation of labeled phosphatidylethanol (PEt) through PLD capacity of catalyzing a trans-phosphatidylation in presence of ethanol. The formation of PEt associated with a concomitant decrease in PdtOH directly demonstrated that the mechanism by which GM-CSF enhances PdtOH production is activation of a PLD active on phosphatidylcholine. This study provides evidence that the mechanism of action of GM-CSF involves upregulation of PLD activity leading to enhanced generation of PdtOH and DRG in FMLP-stimulated neutrophils. These findings may provide the basis for several of the priming effects of GM-CSF.
SCHOOL PHOBIA: A STUDY IN THE COMMUNICATION OF ANXIETY
Authors: LEON EISENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

School phobia has been shown to be a variant of separation anxiety. Direct observations of transactions between parents and children at the time of separation have been presented. Key dynamic factors have been identified and the mode of symptom formation has been outlined as a paradigm for the genesis of neurotic behavior. The outcome of a treatment program has been reported in validation of the theoretical conception of the nature and genesis of the disorder.
Dependence on dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Authors: P M Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1986)

clotted within 30 minutes and had separated after overnight incubation.At pH 1 it solidified instantly, later to separate.In further testing to establish why this did not happen in vivo Osmolite-.asmixed with pepsin and adjusted to pH 1.The mixture became frothy, and solidification was considerably inhibited.A gastric aspirate from the patient was found to be pH 4.
Insulin Pen Reminder
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiation Necrosis Mimicking Progressive Brain Metastasis in a Patient with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kadoaki Ohashi, Kastuyuki Kiura, Nagio Takigawa, Shigeki Umemura, Naruhito Kondo, Mistuhiro Takemoto, Kensuke Onoda, Motoi Aoe, Masahiro Tabata, Mistune Tanimoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Cognition and Take-up of Subsidized Drug Benefits by Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Ifedayo O. Kuye, Richard G. Frank, J. Michael McWilliams
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Take-up of the Medicare Part D low-income subsidy (LIS) by eligible beneficiaries has been low despite the attractive drug coverage it offers at no cost to beneficiaries and outreach efforts by the Social Security Administration.To examine the role of beneficiaries' cognitive abilities in explaining this puzzle.Analysis of survey data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study.Elderly Medicare beneficiaries who were likely eligible for the LIS, excluding Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income recipients who automatically receive the subsidy without applying.Using survey assessments of overall cognition and numeracy from 2006 to 2010, we examined how cognitive abilities were associated with self-reported Part D enrollment, awareness of the LIS, and application for the LIS. We also compared out-of-pocket drug spending and premium costs between LIS-eligible beneficiaries who did and did not report receipt of the LIS. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, household income and assets, health status, and presence of chronic conditions.Compared with LIS-eligible beneficiaries in the top quartile of overall cognition, those in the bottom quartile were significantly less likely to report Part D enrollment (adjusted rate, 63.5% vs 52.0%; P = .002), LIS awareness (58.3% vs 33.3%; P = .001), and LIS application (25.5% vs 12.7%; P < .001). Lower numeracy was also associated with lower rates of Part D enrollment (P = .03) and LIS application (P = .002). Reported receipt of the LIS was associated with significantly lower annual out-of-pocket drug spending (adjusted mean difference, -$256; P = .02) and premium costs (-$273; P = .02).Among Medicare beneficiaries likely eligible for the Part D LIS, poorer cognition and numeracy were associated with lower reported take-up. Current educational and outreach efforts encouraging LIS applications may not be sufficient for beneficiaries with limited abilities to process and respond to information. Additional policies may be needed to extend the financial protection conferred by the LIS to all eligible seniors.
Describing readmissions to an Ebola case management centre (CMC), Sierra Leone, 2014
Authors: G Fitzpatrick, F Vogt, O Moi Gbabai, B Black, M Santantonio, E Folkesson, T Decroo, M Van Herp
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Case management centres (CMCs) are part of the outbreak control plan for Ebola virus disease (EVD). A CMC in Sierra Leone had 33% (138/419) of primary admissions discharged as EVD negative (not a case). Fifteen of these were readmitted within 21 days, nine of which were EVD positive. All readmissions had contact with an Ebola case in the community in the previous 21 days indicating that the infection was likely acquired outside the CMC.
Pertussis in Adults
Authors: STEPHEN I. MORSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 April 1968Pertussis in AdultsSTEPHEN I. MORSE, M.D.STEPHEN I. MORSE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-4-953 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhooping cough at the turn of the century was a major factor in infant morbidity and mortality in the United States. The attack rate in family epidemics was extraordinarily high and often greater than 90%, a rate seen in outbreaks of chickenpox or measles. The disease tended to affect the very young; the median age at attack was under 4 years. About 85% of children at the age of 7 had had clinical pertussis.Deaths due to whooping cough were usually associated with secondary pyogenic or viral invasion of the respiratory tract, although inanition and electrolyte imbalance played important roles....References1. LAMBERT HJ: Epidemiology of a small pertussis outbreak in Kent County, Michigan. Public Health Rep. 80: 365, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. AGATEELDERING GHG: Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 16: 379, 1967. Google Scholar3. GOLDBLATT EL: Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 17: 6, 1968. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: STEPHEN I. MORSE, M.D.Affiliations: The Rockefeller University New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection Control Implications of Nosocomial Pertussis Exposure in a Hospitalized Adult during Influenza SeasonAdults Are Whooping, but Are Internists Listening?Mark S. Dworkin, MD, MPH&TMPertussis Sources of Infection and Routes of Transmission in the Vaccination EraA Trial of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Hospital Workers during the Cincinnati Pertussis Epidemic of 1993A toxoid vaccine for pertussis as well as diphtheria? Lessons to be relearnedPertussis in adults: frequency of transmission after household exposureContainment of Pertussis in the Regional Pediatric Hospital during the Greater Cincinnati Epidemic of 1993Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Immunizations in AdultsUnexpected isolation of Bordetella pertussis from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndromeDistribution of immunity to pertussis in the population of England and WalesWhooping cough in adults.Immunology of Bordetella pertussisAcute tropical pneumoniasEnrichment medium for the isolation of BordetellaPertussis outbreak in Austin and Travis County, Texas, 1975Controversies in current immunization policy and practices: One physician's viewpointPertussis Immunization for Medical PersonnelTHOMAS L. KURT, M.D.Infectious diseases. Annual review of significant publications 1 April 1968Volume 68, Issue 4Page: 953-954KeywordsChickenpoxChildrenInfantsMeaslesMorbidityMortalityPertussisRespiratory system ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Severe anaemia as a cause of cranial bruit in adults.
Authors: H. Gareeboo
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Cranial bruits in adults have not so far been reported as a result of severe anaemia.Over the past nine months I have noted the presence of cranial bruits in adults suffering from severe anaenia due to various causes-from pernicious anaemia to anaemia resulting from acute blood loss in bleeding peptic ulcers.I report the first three cases. CASE REPORTSCase 1.-A man aged 20 was admitted to hospital on 22 February 1967 complaining of severe headache, which had come on suddenly
PCR ribotyping and endonuclease subtyping in the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia infection.
Authors: M R Shreve, S J Johnson, C E Milla, C L Wielinski, W E Regelmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Because of conflicting data about hospital-based transmission of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, an important respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF), we compared strains found in sputum, lung, or blood of 29 CF patients in our center from 1988 to 1994, studying the relationship between strain and hospital exposure of incident and that of prevalent cases. Exposure was defined as a concurrent hospital stay between a prevalent and an incident case. B. cepacia strains were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping and endonuclease subtyping. The 16S to 23S spacer regions of the bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were amplified by PCR, and the product-size patterns used to type each B. cepacia isolate. Endonuclease digestion of the PCR products provided length polymorphisms for subtyping. There were 17 incident events during the period from 1988 to 1994, 16 of which involved a single ribotype. These 16 ribotypes could be divided into five subtypes by endonuclease mapping. Four patients grew B. cepacia from the blood, with the organism being the same strain as found in the lung in each case. Case controls were obtained to evaluate risk factors for B. cepacia acquisition. Concurrent hospitalization with a prevalent case significantly increased the risk of acquisition. There was no association between length of hospitalization, length of exposure, or FEV1 and the risk of B. cepacia acquisition.
1049. Regenerative Cell Therapy for White Matter Disorders
Authors: Ana Olariu, Jeremy Francis, Scott McPhee, Eiji Kobayashi, Paola Leone
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
We tested the therapeutic potential of neurospheres generated from GFP transgenic rats as regenerative therapy for white matter diseases. We previously reported that postnatal derived rat neurospheres generate more than 50% oligodendrocytes in vitro. GFP+ postnatal neurospheres were transplanted into the corpus callosum of chemically induced demyelination rat model and in a Canavan rat model (Tremor rat caused by a deletion of the Aspa gene) with the aim to repopulate the brain with white matter producing oligodendrocytes. Tremor rats exhibit a hypomyelinated phenotype that is amenable to cell based regenerative therapy. Assessment of engrafted GFP+ cells was performed four, six and twelve weeks later by immunohistochemistry for mature oligodendrocytes. Preliminary data showed that GFP+ postnatal neurospheres derived from GFP transgenic rats have migrated and differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes. Our data suggest that cell therapy with oligodendrocytes progenitors derived from early postnatal brain may be an effective therapeutic intervention to correct for Canavan pathology.
Profile of recovery after general anaesthesia.
Authors: M Herbert, T E Healy, J B Bourke, I R Fletcher, J M Rose
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The duration of impairment of mental functioning after anaesthesia was studied in 55 patients undergoing hernia repair who were divided into three groups in which the method of induction of anaesthesia (intravenous or inhalational) and ventilation (spontaneous or controlled) was varied. Performance in a five minute serial reaction time test and subjective estimates of coordination were assessed four times a day for two complete postoperative days and were compared with those in a control group of orthopaedic patients in hospital. After considerable impairment initially, reaction times in all groups gradually returned towards control values, but in patients breathing spontaneously during anaesthesia impairment recurred during the second postoperative day. These results suggest that such patients should be advised not to undertake hazardous tasks such as driving a car for at least 48 hours after a general anaesthetic. Discrepancies between subjective and objective assessments of impairment also suggest that patients should not rely on their own assessments of fitness to drive.