tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Towards tailored vaccine delivery: Needs, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Jean-Pierre Amorij, Gideon F.A. Kersten, Vinay Saluja, Wouter F. Tonnis, Wouter L.J. Hinrichs, Bram Slütter, Suzanne M. Bal, Joke A. Bouwstra, Anke Huckriede, Wim Jiskoot
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Leo Manack, MD, Is 13th JAMA Fishbein Fellow
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

LEO M. MANACK, MD, becomes JAMA 's 13th Morris Fishbein Fellow in Medical  this week. He is scheduled to hold the fellowship through June 30, 1994.   fellowship honors Morris Fishbein, MD, editor of JAMA from 1924 to 1949, who died 17 years ago next month ( JAMA . 1976;236:1820-1822) at the age of 87. Six months after his death, The 1977-1978 American Medical Association Dr Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Journalism was created and Jeffrey R. M. Kunz, MD, now of Madison, Wis, became the first recipient.  Newest of Fellows   latest Fishbein Fellow has been chief resident in pathology, Allegheny General Hospital Campus (Pittsburgh), Medical College of Pennsylvania. Born 32 years ago in Weirton, WVa, he is a 1983 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh with honors in English literature and a 1988 graduate of the West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.  Prior to the fellowship in surgical
Surgery of Repair as Applied to Hand Injuries
Authors: John J. Byrne
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This is a comprehensive treatise on hand trauma written by two Australian plastic surgeons and based on a wide military and civilian experience. It is written with clarity and is superbly and thoughtfully illustrated. The book covers all aspects of hand injuries. It assumes a certain basic knowledge of surgery, particularly orthopedic surgery, and is meant primarily for the "discriminative interest of those who see and treat hand injuries." The social significance of hand injuries is discussed with emphasis on their prevention. The responsibility of the medical profession toward the patient's welfare is well summarized: "It is essential that the surgeon remain a free agent with an unfettered doctor-patient relationship. He must certainly collaborate with employer and insurer, but should be subservient to neither." The surgical anatomy is briefly discussed from the standpoint of function and variation in hand types and their possible application to repair. I would take slight
STUDIES ON TUBERCLE BACILLUS-MONOCYTE RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Jacob Fong, Patricia Schneider, Sanford S. Elberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Studies of the conditions necessary for maintenance of constant cell populations in vitro in the Mackaness type of culture chamber have indicated the importance of preliminary trypsinization of cells and the beneficial effect of 40 per cent rabbit serum in Tyrode's solution. Under these optimal conditions, uninfected suspensions of monocytes exhibited little change in cell numbers over a period of 40 to 72 hours. Infection of monocytes with the virulent H37Rv strain of tubercle bacillus resulted in an early degeneration of a certain proportion of the cells cultivated in the presence of normal rabbit serum. This degeneration was apparent not only for cells of tuberculin-negative animals but also for those derived from tuberculin-positive animals. The serum of animals vaccinated with BCG exerted a favorable effect upon the survival of monocytes infected with virulent tubercle bacilli. Treatment with this serum caused a delay in degeneration of infected normal cells (cells of tuberculin-negative rabbits) and a complete inhibition of degeneration of infected immune cells (cells of rabbits vaccinated with BCG).
Effect of chemical composition of man-made vitreous fibers on the rate of dissolution in vitro at different pHs.
Authors: V R Christensen, S L Jensen, M Guldberg, O Kamstrup
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Measurements of rates of dissolution of typical insulation wool fibers (glasswool and basalt based stonewool) and an experimental fiber were made using a flow-through equipment. The liquids used were a modified Gamble's solution, adjusted to pH 4.8 and 7.7 +/- 0.2, respectively. The dissolution of SiO2 and CaO was determined over periods of up to three months. The rate of dissolution of stonewool fibers was lower than that of glasswool fibers at pH 7.7, whereas the opposite was true at pH 4.8. The stonewool fibers dissolve congruently, but glasswool fibers tend to dissolve with leaching. The rates of dissolution of fibers of different compositions, including insulation wool (glasswool, basalt-based stonewool, slagwool) and experimental fibers were screened using a stationary set-up. Both the chemical composition and pH influenced the rates of dissolution. At pH 7.7 alumina was a determining component and at pH 4.8 the content of SiO2 and CaO was determinant. One experimental fiber with a high content of alumina was an exception having a fairly high rate of dissolution both at pH 4.8 and 7.7.
Book Review The Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Strategies for Diagnosis and Management Edited by Renu Virmani, Jagat Narula, Martin B. Leon, and James T. Willerson. 375 pp., illustrated. Malden, MA, Blackwell Futura, 2007. $174.95. 978-1-4051-5859-6
Authors: Michael C. Fishbein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
The Spectrum of Hepatic Candidiasis
Authors: James H. Lewis, Hasmukh R. Patel, Hyman J. Zimmerman
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The liver is affected in up 50 to 75% of compromised hosts with disseminated Candida albicans infection who come to autopsy. The antemortem diagnosis of hepatic candidiasis is rarely made. Blood cultures are negative in approximately 50% of cases, and biochemical parameters of hepatic injury may be of nonspecific value. Additionally, the more commonly seen renal, cardiac, and respiratory involvement may overshadow the hepatic lesion. In a review of 17 autopsy series of disseminated candidiasis, 92 cases with hepatic involvement were identified for a mean prevalence of 13.7%. Hepatic granulomas and microabscesses were the two most common histological lesions attributable to Candida. Inflammatory aggregates, centrilobular congestion, bile stasis, and fatty change were seen less frequently. The diagnosis should be suspected in any compromised host with unexplained fever with or without elevated alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin levels. The diagnosis can be made by percutaneous needle biopsy or at laparoscopy in a majority of cases. Early treatment with Amphotericin is associated with prolonged survival.
Paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and risk of asthma in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Adine Marquis, Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli, Ben D. Spycher, Cornelia E. Rebholz, Nicolas X. von der Weid, Claudia E. Kuehni
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF THE STAGED PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION STRATEGY FOR NON-CULPRIT LESIONS IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH MULTI-VESSEL DISEASE UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Toshiaki Toyota, Hiroki Shiomi, Tomohiko Taniguchi, Kenji Nakatsuma, Hiroki Watanabe, Koh Ono, Satoshi Shizuta, Takeru Makiyama, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Yutaka Furukawa, Kenji Ando, Kazushige Kadota, Minoru Horie, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Serum prolactin stress values in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: C Dostal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Physician burnout has a negative effect on the quality of care; however, effective interventions are lacking. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify and impact key drivers of physician workplace satisfaction in an academic pediatric department. <h3>Methods</h3> A quality improvement approach was used to impact key drivers of faculty workplace satisfaction. In 2017, 2018, and 2019 faculty completed anonymous surveys that combined the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI) and Areas of Worklife Survey(AWS). Interventions included changes to compensation plan, clinical practice, departmental communication, workplace community, individual wellness, and culture. Descriptive statistics and data visualization were performed. Two-sided t-tests and ANOVA regression analysis were used to compare responses. <h3>Results</h3> Survey completion rates were: 160/195 (82%) in 2019; 139/180 (77%) in 2018; and 155/171 (91%) in 2017; 101 physicians completed all three surveys. Statistically significant improvements were observed in reward (3.4 vs 3.3; p&lt;0.05) and values (3.6 vs 3.5; p&lt;0.05) domains of the AWS in 2019 and 2018 versus 2017. MBI average scores were similar in all three years, and remained significantly better than the general population in depersonalization (1.0 vs. 1.7; p&lt;0.0001) and personal accomplishment domains (5.0 vs. 4.3; p&lt;0.0001). There was no difference in the emotional exhaustion domain. Worse emotional exhaustion scores were reported in women (2.8 vs 2.1; p&lt;0.05) and those working &gt;75% clinical effort (2.8 vs 2.1; p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Interventions targeting the workplace improved physicians' experience of reward and values. Risk factors associated with a high emotional exhaustion score included female gender or individuals working &gt;75% clinical effort.
THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN IN CHRONIC URTICARIA.
Authors: ROBERT P. WARIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN IN CHRONIC URTICARIA. Get access ROBERT P. WARIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. ROBERT P. WARIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. The United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 10, 1 October 1960, Pages 350–351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13817.x Published: 01 October 1960
Thomas James Wilmot
Authors: H. Wood
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thomas James Wilmot (“Tom”) was born in 1920, the third eldest in a family of two boys and two girls. He was born in England but his father was originally from County Kerry, where his grandfather opened the first transatlantic cable station to America. Tom’s father qualified in medicine at Trinity College Dublin and later became a general practitioner in Louth, Lincolnshire, where Tom spent most of his childhood and developed his love of fishing. His mother was from Inverness in the highlands of Scotland.

Tom first went first to school in Norfolk, where he was head boy and captain of cricket and rugby. In two successive years he won the school’s victor ludorum trophy for the champion all round sportsman. He then went to Epsom College, adjacent to the famous racecourse, before training to become a doctor at the Middlesex Hospital in London. He was a student house surgeon to C P Wilson and C P Monkhouse in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department. He was evacuated to Leeds and Bristol during the second world war.

After graduating in 1944, he worked in Inverness and Mount Vernon, before returning to the Middlesex, first as surgical registrar, then as ENT registrar. He did two years in the Royal Air Force (1947-9), having been called up as a graded ENT specialist. He worked in the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital in Gray’s Inn Road in 1950, obtaining his FRCS and MS, before returning …
F-18 FDG PET Superscan
Authors: Hung-Yi Su, Ren-Shyan Liu, Su-Quinn Liao, Shih-Jen Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan of a patient with diffuse bony metastases from a poorly differentiated renal adenocarcinoma demonstrated multiple bony metastatic lesions with brisk, enhanced uptake of FDG but only faint visualizations of the brain, liver, renal cortex, and soft tissue. These FDG PET images are similar to the “superscan” seen on Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy.
Medical Risks: Trends in Mortality by Age and Time Elapsed
Authors: Mark E. Battista
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Many physicians think of "medical risks" in terms of the risk of accident or the risk of an untoward clinical outcome, or perhaps the lung cancer risk of a heavy smoker. Insurance physicians and actuaries use the term more broadly, as an idiom for medical impairments, conditions or risk factors with morbidity or premature mortality implications. This extensive two-volume document focuses on the latter concept. Similarly, while practicing physicians talk about survival rates, this document homes in on mortality ratios (100 × number of deaths in interval/number of expected deaths) and excess death rates per 1000 per year (1000 × the difference between observed and expected number of deaths per person-years of exposure). Why the difference? A 95% five-year survival rate for a group of 30-year-olds treated for a particular type of cancer sounds pretty good to clinicians (especially given
Biochemistry in Clinical Practice
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Biochemistry in Clinical Practice</i>has a subtitle that reveals the guiding principle behind its organization and content: "Scientific Foundations of Clinical Biochemistry." There is a preface written by Dr Alan Schecter of the National Institutes of Health, but no authors' preface indicating the principles that guided them in its preparation. Fifty-three authors, mostly British and principally from departments of biochemistry and chemical pathology, have written 43 chapters. Although the book is in principle about the biochemistry and physiology of man, it is not a textbook of biochemistry. There are 11 sections, beginning with disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance and concluding with the clinical biochemistry of pregnancy and the neonatal period. In most of the sections and in many of the chapters, there is an introduction in which the fundamental biochemistry and, where appropriate, physiology are described. Then, each section and chapter proceeds to a discussion of the variations in
Osteopenia, Neurological Dysfunction, and the Development of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Matthew J Young, Andrew Marshall, Judith E Adams, Peter L Selby, Andrew JM Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To determine factors that might be associated with the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy.This cross-sectional prevalence study examined neurological function and bone density in matched groups of neuropathic diabetic patients with and without radiological evidence of Charcot neuroarthropathy.Patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy had a global impairment of neurological function that was significantly greater than that of otherwise matched non-Charcot neuropathic patients. All 17 Charcot patients had evidence of autonomic neuropathy compared with 10 of the control subjects (P = 0.03). The Charcot patients had evidence of reduced bone density in the lower limbs compared with the neuropathic control subjects (P = 0.009), but relatively preserved bone density in the spine (P = 0.4 vs. control subjects).We conclude that minor trauma in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy might result in a fracture in those with a reduced bone density and thus trigger the development of Charcot neuroarthropathy.
Association between cholesterol-phospholipid vesicles and cholesterol crystals in human gallbladder bile†
Authors: Carolin Erika Schriever, Dieter Jüngst
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Rapid aggregation of cholesterol-phospholipid vesicles in gallbladder bile seems to be the first event in the production of cholesterol crystals, a prerequisite for cholesterol gallstone formation. We examined the amount of these vesicles in 33 human gallbladder biles in relation to biliary lipid composition and to the presence of cholesterol crystals. Biliary microscopy detected cholesterol crystals in all 19 biles from patients with cholesterol gallstones but in none of 14 biles from patients with pigment stones. Gel chromatography was used to separate vesicles and micelles in the native bile with an eluting buffer containing 10 mM sodium cholate to prevent disruption of micellar lipids. Cholesterol, phospholipid and bile salt concentrations were measured in every fraction collected. Bile acid, phospholipid, cholesterol and total lipid concentrations were not significantly different in samples with and without cholesterol crystals. The cholesterol saturation index (1.4 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.08) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in biles with crystals than without crystals. Gel filtration revealed a vesicular peak in addition to micellar fraction in 18 (23.1 +/- 3.2% of total cholesterol) of the 19 biles with crystals but only in three (15.7 +/- 2.4% of total cholesterol) of 14 biles without crystals. There was no relation between biliary lipid concentration or the cholesterol saturation index and the percentage of vesicular cholesterol in biles with or without crystals. The close association of vesicles and crystals in human gallbladder bile supports the contention that vesicles are important in the initial nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals.
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making-Reply
Authors: James J. Cimino
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Norman that computer-based medical information systems have the potential to improve the quality of medical care. We have also demonstrated that a computer-based ambulatory medical record system (COSTAR) can be used to provide automatic monitoring and feedback that improve physician performance to quality assurance protocols.<sup>1</sup> It should be pointed out, however, that systems such as DXplain have two limitations in improving the quality of care. First, DXplain serves only to remind the physician of plausible diagnoses for a given set of signs and symptoms; the physician must still exercise clinical judgment as to the correct diagnosis. Second, a user of DXplain must enter the signs and symptoms of a given patient into the computer system as a separate and duplicate act, independent of entering the information into a medical record. We believe the full potential of such systems will not be realized until
Abstract 1710: Expression of erbB3 upregulates Survivin via transcription-independent mechanism in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells to confer Paclitaxel resistance
Authors: Shuiliang Wang, Xiaoping Huang, Choon-Kee Lee, Bolin Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The erbB2 receptor is often activated via dimerization with another erbB receptor, such as EGFR or erbB3. Studies show that co-expression of erbB3 and erbB2 is frequently observed in breast cancer; and erbB2 requires erbB3 to stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation. Increased resistance to therapeutic agents such as paclitaxel is one of the mechanisms by which erbB2 contributes to breast tumorigenesis. While several molecular mechanisms contributing to paclitaxel resistance have been proposed, a series studies demonstrate that overexpression of erbB2 inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, the role of erbB3 in paclitaxel resistance remains unclear. Our current studies focus on determining the role(s) of erbB3 in erbB2-mediated paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of exogenous erbB3 via either stable or transient transfection in erbB2-overexpressing, but not EGFR-expressing, breast cancer cells significantly decreases paclitaxel-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Consistently, knockdown of erbB3 expression with a specific shRNA in breast cancer cells with coexpression of both erbB2 and erbB3 enhances paclitaxel-induced apoptosis evidenced by increased DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and activation of caspase-3, and -8. Furthermore, while forced overexpression of erbB3 increases, specific knockdown of erbB3 decreases the protein but not mRNA expression levels of Survivin only in the erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Targeting Survivin with specific shRNA overcomes paclitaxel resistance without effect on the expression levels of either erbB2 or erbB3. Mechanistic studies indicate that the specific PI-3K, Akt, and mTOR inhibitors, but not the MEK inhibitor, not only abrogate erbB3-mediated upregulation of Survivin, but also reinforce the erbB2/erbB3-coexpressing breast cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced growth inhibition. Our studies demonstrate that heterodimerization of erbB2/erbB3 results in paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells via PI-3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Elevated expression of erbB3 upregulates Survivin through transcription-independent mechanism in erbB2-overexpressing cancer cells, suggesting that novel strategies targeting erbB3 or Survivin protein translation may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer with erbB2-overexpressing tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1710. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1710
Automated Outreach to Increase Primary Adherence to Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
Authors: Stephen F. Derose, Kelley Green, Elizabeth Marrett, Kaan Tunceli, T. Craig Cheetham, Vicki Y. Chiu, Teresa N. Harrison, Kristi Reynolds, Southida S. Vansomphone, Ronald D. Scott
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Primary nonadherence occurs when new prescriptions are not dispensed. Little is known about how to reduce primary nonadherence. We performed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate an automated system to decrease primary nonadherence to statins for lowering cholesterol.Adult members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California with no history of statin use within the past year who did not fill a statin prescription after 1 to 2 weeks were passively enrolled. The intervention group received automated telephone calls followed 1 week later by letters for continued nonadherence; the control group received no outreach. The primary outcome was a statin dispensed up to 2 weeks after delivery of the letter. Secondary outcomes included refills at intervals up to 1 year. Intervention effectiveness was determined by intent-to-treat analysis and Fisher exact test. Subgroups were examined using logistic regression.There were 2606 participants in the intervention group and 2610 in the control group. Statins were dispensed to 42.3% of intervention participants and 26.0% of control participants (absolute difference, 16.3%; P < .001). The relative risk for the intervention vs control group was 1.63 (95% CI, 1.50-1.76). Intervention effectiveness varied slightly by age (P = .045) but was effective across all age strata. Differences in the frequency of statin dispensations persisted up to 1 year (P < .001).The intervention was effective in reducing primary nonadherence to statin medications. Because of low marginal costs for outreach, this strategy appears feasible for reducing primary nonadherence. This approach may generalize well to other medications and chronic conditions.
Polycythemia and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: RICHARD H. SWIGART
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Polycythemia was induced in rats by injecting 10 mg CoCl 2 /kg body wt/day intraperitoneally or by placing them in a low pressure chamber at a reduced barometric pressure equivalent to 18,000 feet of altitude for approximately 23 hours/day. After 63 days of treatment a significant hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall was found in both groups of animals. The increase in weight of the right ventricle in the CoCl 2 -injected rats was approximately 45% of that found in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. Polycythemia was induced in mice by injecting 0.5 ml of packed, whole erythrocytes per day, intraperitoneally, for four consecutive days. A high hematocrit was maintained by additional periodic intraperitoneal injections of erythrocytes. After twenty-two days a significant right ventricular hypertrophy was observed. It is concluded that polycythemia and hypervolemia are important factors in producing right ventricular hypertrophy in rats and mice without airway hypoxia and also may be significant factors in the cardiac hypertrophy induced by high altitude.