tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asia's Growing HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Spotlight at International Conference
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

As an estimated 17 000 scientists public health experts clinicians and activists gathered here at the 15th International AIDS Conference they were treated to a parade of elephants majestic animals revered as a national symbol by the meetings host country Thailand. The choice of Thailand as the latest venue of the biennial conference thrust Asia the worlds most populous region into the spotlight regarding the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the global response to it. While the majority of the worlds approximately 40 million HIV-infected individuals live in sub-Saharan Africa the Asia-Pacific region now accounts for about 1 in 4 of new infections occurring across the globe each year. In fact the rate of new infections has been growing most rapidly in Asia as well as in Eastern Europe; in both regions injection drug use is fueling HIV spread said Karen A. Stanecki MPH chair of the Monitoring the AIDS Pandemic (MAP) Network an international group of epidemiologists and public health professionals. Thailand experienced explosive epidemics of HIV among injection drug users and sex workers in the late 1980s. The dramatic spread among these groups galvanized policy makers to put into action a prevention strategy. Reducing the number of men visiting sex workers and a 100% condom program promoting condom use in commercial and casual sexual contacts was credited with greatly curbing the spread of the virus. (excerpt)
Abstract #5494: Pre-clinical evaluation of single-agent activity of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (AZD2281) in homologous recombination deficient triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Charlotte Knights, Lucy Riches, Alan Lau, Ramu Mangena, Tim Avis, Richard Finn, Aisling O'Shaughnessy, Aaron Cranston, Ondrej Kalous, Dylan Conklin, James Carmichael, Dennis Slamon, Mark O'Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

The oral PARP inhibitor olaparib (AZD2281, KU-0059436) has been shown to have single agent clinical activity in tumours from patients with hereditary BRCA mutations (Fong et al ., 2008). The BRCA genes play key roles in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and BRCA dysfunction is associated with an increased incidence of breast and ovarian cancers. In addition to BRCA, RNAi-mediated gene expression knockdown of other components of the HR DNA damage response pathway such as ATM, ATR and CHK2 has been shown to cause sensitivity to PARP inhibition pre-clinically (McCabe et al ., 2006). These data suggest broader clinical potential of PARP inhibitors in other tumours that may be homologous recombination deficient (HRD). Triple negative (TN) breast cancers represent a distinct clinical subgroup and are defined as ER, PR and HER-2 receptor negative. TN tumours are associated with increased aggressiveness and decreased recurrence-free survival (Reis-filho et al ., 2008). Microarray profiling studies have shown most TN breast cancers cluster in the basal-like gene expression sub-type (Perou et al ., 2000; Sorlie et al ., 2001) and those with hereditary BRCA1 mutations are typically both TN and Basal-like, suggesting an association with HRD within these sub-types. We have undertaken pre-clinical studies to assess the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to olaparib and better define the link between TN and HRD status. 2D-clonogenic survival assays were performed with single agent olaparib on a panel of 25 breast cancer cell lines. TN cell lines were found to be twice as likely to be sensitive to olaparib than ER+, PR+ or HER-2+ cell lines (44% vs. 22%) with the majority of sensitive cell lines being TN or basal-like. Genetic BRCA mutations only accounted for 33% of sensitive cell lines indicating HRD through loss of other factors may be driving olaparib sensitivity. HRD status was determined by baseline gene expression analysis of key HR genes and low expression was found in all highly sensitive cell lines but not in resistant cells. HRD status was confirmed in several cell lines through the inability to form Rad51 HR repair foci or impaired phosphorylation of DNA damage markers. Olaparib sensitivity was then determined in vivo using xenograft models and single agent olaparib was found to cause marked tumour growth inhibition only in cell lines with HRD. In summary, olaparib demonstrates enhanced pre-clinical activity in TN breast cancer cell lines and therefore support the further assessment in TN breast cancer clinical trials.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5494.
522. Increased Expression of OCT4, SOX2 and FGF4 Genes Following Injection of Embryonic Stem Cell into Damaged Murine Brain
Authors: Abraham Scaria, Peter Pechan, Michael Lukason, Hillard Rubin, Samuel Wadsworth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Many studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in development of choroidal and retinal neovascularization in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, antagonizing VEGF is a potentially useful strategy for treating such disorders. In the current study we are evaluating the relative efficacy of various truncated and full-length versions of soluble VEGF receptors, VEGF-R1 (sFlt-1) and VEGF-R2 (sKDR), toward inhibiting neovascularization. Biological potency of various versions was ranked in vitro using Human Vascular Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) proliferation and migration assays. Candidate genes were inserted into adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) or adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) gene transfer vectors. The efficacy of Ad2 and AAV2 vectors is being evaluated in vivo by intravitreal injection in the mouse retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) model. The extent of retinal neovascularization is measured both by fluorescein angiography and histology. Several versions of sFlt-1 were potent inhibitors of VEGF-dependent HUVEC proliferation and migration assays. Our preliminary results show that intravitreal delivery of 5x108 particles of Ad2/sFlt-1 significantly decreased retinal neovascularization in the ROP model. Evaluation of safety and efficacy following single and multiple vector administrations is underway. Viral vector mediated intra-ocular delivery of sFlt-1 appears to be a promising tool for the inhibition of retinal neovascularization.
Number of chronically hungry people is rising by 5m a year
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of people who are chronically hungry is growing worldwide, a report by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization says.

The organisation estimated that 842 million people were chronically hungry in 1999-2001: 798 million in the developing world, 10 million in the industrialised countries, and 34 million in the transition countries in the former Soviet Union.

The number of people who are chronically undernourished is increasing by …
Abstract B83: Cannabinoids as an adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Andy D. Hospodor
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract In over 20 states, cancer patients have access to cannabinoids (aka medical marijuana) to treat symptoms of chemotherapy, such as nausea and lack of appetite. However, new evidence, both scientific and empirical, suggests that higher doses of cannabinoids may be an effective adjuvant alongside traditional chemotherapy agents, such as Gemcitibine. While daily dosages of 10 to 40mg are commonly used to control nausea, pancreatic cancer cells are known to over express the endo-cannabinoid receptor CB1 one hundred fold, requiring much higher dosages. Cannabinoids target different receptors than traditional chemotherapy agents with low combinatorial toxicity, and as such present a class of new treatments. In an n=1 study of a patient with stage IV pancreatic adeno-carcinoma, we augmented the standard Gemcitibine chemotherapy with balanced initial doses of 50mg THC and 50mg CBD that increased over a four week period to achieve a 12.5 mg/kg total cannabinoid dosage. Curiously, after ten days the patient stopped presenting signs of cannabinoid use, such as red eyes, slurred speech and clumsiness. However, the patient’s CA-19-9 marker increased from 8,800 ul/L at diagnosis to 25,500. Over the next four weeks, dosage of CBD was held constant and THC was increased to 1050mg daily for a combined dosage of 20mg/kg. At week 6, the CA-19-9 marker began decreasing and cannabinoid dosage was leveled off, although a higher dosage was planned for weeks 8-12. At week 15, CA-19-9 markers dropped to pre-diagnosis levels and a CAT scanned revealed shrinkage of the tumor. Rate of decrease in CA-19-9 exceeded previously published rates for patients with positive outcomes from Gemcitibine alone. Although many pancreatic cancer patients have access to cannabinoids, issues such as potency, purity and bio-availablity will impact future adjuvant cannabinoid therapies. We have addressed these issues with existing technology in the hopes of supporting large scale trials that will examine the efficacy of Gemcitibine + cannabinoid adjuvants in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Andy D. Hospodor. Cannabinoids as an adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B83.
Abstract 17912: Importance of Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Disease
Authors: Shunsuke Tatebe, Koichiro Sugimura, Kotaro Nochioka, Tatsuo Aoki, Masanobu Miura, Saori Yamamoto, Nobuhiro Yaoita, Haruka Sato, Kimio Satoh, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) is a major category of the disorder. We have recently reported that elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with post-capillary PH (pc-PH: defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)≥25mmHg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)&gt;15mmHg) is associated with poor prognosis compared with those with no PH or pc-PH without elevated PVR. Although new treatment is required for targeting pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), thereis a concern about raising PCWP. In this study, we thus examined acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with PH due to LHD and whether optimal heart failure (HF) treatment ameliorates pc-PH. Methods: We examined 60 consecutive pc-PH patients with chronic heart failure (63±14[SD] years, M/F 38/22, NYHA≥2) who underwent acute vasoreactivity test by iNO (40 ppm for 10 min) under right heart catheterization at our hospital from June 2011 to May 2014. Among them, 25 had valvular heart disease (VHD) and 35 had non-VHD. PVD (defined as PVR&gt; 240dynes/s/cm -5 ) was noted in 18. We also evaluated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) by echocardiography after optimization of HF treatment such as medications and valvular surgery. Results: iNO significantly decreased mPAP (-1.7±0.5 mmHg; P&lt;0.01) and PVR (-66 ±14dyne/s/cm -5 , P&lt;0.01) without altering cardiac output. iNO significantly increased PCWP (1.3±0.5 mmHg, P=0.01) only in non-VHD patients, while it significantly increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance in VHD patients than in non-VHD patients (both P&lt;0.05). Pc-PH patients with PVD were re-classified as having pc-PH without PVD in 9 and no PH in 1. Eight patients remained pc-PH with PVD. After the optimal medical treatment for 7.6 months, RVSP was significantly decreased in both non-VHD and VHD patient (-8±3mmHg, P=0.04, -19±8mmHg, P=0.01, respectively). However, in non-VHD group, significant reduction in RVSP was noted only in pc-PH patients without PVD (-8±3mmHg, P=0.03). Conclusions: These results indicate that elevated PVR in patients with pc-PH and non-VHD could be a novel therapeutic indication for NO-related pulmonary vasodilators in the current practice of HF.
Abstract 12: Afterschool Soccer Fitness and Nutrition Program Improves BMI Percentile, Waist Circumference, and Fitness Levels in Participants Compared to Nonparticipants
Authors: Danielle Hollar, Weidan Zhou, Zach Riggle
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: While childhood obesity has begun to plateau, some subgroups continue to experience increases - particularly children living below the federal poverty level, African American and Hispanic children. Many lack access to afterschool recreation and/or reliable health information, including information about good nutrition. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that more children in the intervention would: 1) improve their body mass index (BMI) percentile category (for age and gender in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); 2) have healthier waist circumference (WC) measures; 3) have higher levels of fitness (run more PACER laps). Methods: The U.S. Soccer Foundation developed the Soccer for Success (SfS) program to combat childhood obesity, promote healthy eating and exercise habits, and foster youth development among children in economically disadvantaged communities. The intervention operated 90 minutes per day, three days a week, for 24 weeks over the course of the school year. Nu...
Allies Day, May 1917
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cigarette smoke exposure in mice leads to a loss of reversible cysteine oxidations PSSG and PSNO in lung
Authors: Ine Kuipers, Ken Bracke, Guy Brusselle, Emiel Wouters, Niki Reynaert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It is established that cigarette smoke causes irreversible oxidations in lung tissue. However, its impact on reversible and physiologically relevant redox-dependent protein modifications remains to be investigated. In this study the effect of cigarette smoke exposure in vivo was investigated on the covalent binding of glutathione to protein thiols, known as S-glutathionylation (PSSG), which can be reversed by the enzyme glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1). Also, protein S-nitrosylation (PSNO) which is the modification of protein thiols by NO and which is reversed by the enzyme ADH5 was investigated.  Both PSSG and PSNO levels in lung tissue were markedly attenuated after four weeks of cigarette smoke exposure in mice. This coincided with an attenuation of protein free thiol levels and an increase in protein carbonyl levels. Grx1 mRNA expression and activity were attenuated as well, whereas no alterations in expression or activity of ADH5 were observed.  Taken together, cigarette smoke exposure decreases reversible cysteine oxidations PSSG and PSNO, which does not result in an increase in free thiols. These alterations are likely not the result of differences in regulatory enzymes, but of oxidative stress.
Frequency of COPD exacerbations and severity of COPD
Authors: Ricardo Coelho, Ana Sofia Santos, Raquel Rosa, Alexandra Borba, Luísa Semedo, João Cardoso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The severity of airflow limitation and the presence of exacerbations are two of the main aspects that contribute to the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).  Aim: To evaluate the presence of moderate and severe exacerbations in COPD patients and its relation with the severity of airway limitation.  Methods: 147 consecutive patients from the outpatient clinic of our Pneumology Department were stratified according to the spirometric staging proposed by GOLD guidelines. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed and data regarding to their exacerbation history were collected. We defined as exclusion criteria: age ≥ 80 years, FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted, and history of lung cancer or congestive heart failure. We considered as severe exacerbations those that required hospital admission. The Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis; statistical significance was admitted for values of p   Results: 100 patients were included. The mean age was 66 years (±8), 83% were male and 70% were former smokers. There was statistical significance for the results presented below (p-value   From the 34 patients with ≥ 2 exacerbations in the last year, 71% had ≥ 2 exacerbations in the previous year.  Conclusions: As shown in other studies, worsening airflow limitation is associated with an increasing prevalence of exacerbations. We emphasize that in the GOLD 4 group 48% of patients had at least 3 events in a year and 57% had at least one hospitalization consequent to COPD. On the other hand, in the GOLD 2 group 60% had no exacerbations and no patient had 3 exacerbations.
Partnership for Good Dying
Authors: D T Fahnestock
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11697: Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces CD40 <sup>+</sup> Monocyte and Inflammatory Monocyte in Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects via DNA Hypomethylation-Related Mechanism
Authors: Jiyeon Yang, Abhigna C Kolli, Eric T Choi, Xiao-Feng Yang, Hong Wang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Hyperhomocysteinenia (HHcy) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which has increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and mobility. Elevated inflammatory monocyte (inf. MC) is a cellular hallmark of chronic inflammation which contributes to the burden CVD. We previously reported that HHcy induces inf. MC differentiation in mice and DNA hypomethylation in vascular cells. We assesses whether HHcy causes MC differentiation in CKD and the underlying mechanism. Degree of CKD was determined by plasma creatinine from patients with peripheral vascular disease (VD). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated with modification in age, race and gender. (VD, n=13; VD with CKD, n=13; Healthy donor without evidence of VD and CKD, n=13). Blood cells were assessed for phenotypic characterization by flow cytometry. We found that plasma Hcy levels are elevated in VD and CKD. CD14++CD16+ inf. MC are increased in VD subjects and mild HHcy(&gt;15μM). Plasma Hcy levels are positively correlated with inf. MC, CD40, TNF receptor family 5. We identify that CKD patient serum and Hcy (50μM) treatment increased CD40 in purified human blood MC by RT-PCR. Hcy metabolites, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), are increased in CKD subjects. SAM/SAH ratio, an indicator of methylation status, is reduced and is negatively correlated with Hcy, inf. MC, and CD40+ inf. MC. Hcy induced MC-origin inflammatory cytokines IL-6 mRNA in MC isolated from healthy donor by RT-PCR, and potentiated inflammatory cytokine IL-6, TNFα, and IFN[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#612;]]-induced CD40 expression in cultured PBMCs. Hcy suppressed CD40 transcription and reduced DNA methyltransferase 1 protein levels in cultured human MC. We identified four DNA hypomethylation CpG dinucleotides at p65 and PU.1 transcription factor consensus sequences on CD40 promoter in white blood cells isolated from CKD patients by Bisulfite pyrosequencing. Finally, CD40L levels are positively correlated with plasma Hcy and inf. MC. CD40 ligation by CD40L treatment (0.4μg/l) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced inf. MC differentiation. We conclude that HHcy potentiates IFN[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#612;]]-mediated CD40 expression via CD40 DNA hypomethylation in CKD and promotes CD40-CD40L mediated inf. MC differentiation.
Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Daniel F. Martin, Maureen G. Maguire, Stuart L. Fine, Gui-shuang Ying, Glenn J. Jaffe, Juan E. Grunwald, Cynthia Toth, Maryann Redford, Frederick L. Ferris
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Detection of Ataxia Telangiectasia Heterozygous Cell Lines by Postirradiation Cumulative Labeling Index: Measurements with Coded Samples
Authors: Hatsumi Nagasawa, Kenneth H. Kraemer, Yosef Shiloh, John B. Little
Journal: Cancer Research (1987)

Abstract  Coded skin fibroblast cell strains from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) families and apparently normal individuals were obtained from two different sources. AT homozygous strains were clearly identified on the basis of marked hypersensitivity to cell killing by X-irradiation. AT heterozygotes were intermediate in their cytotoxic response between AT homozygotes and five normal reference cell strains. When density-inhibited cultures were X-irradiated and immediately subcultured to low density, a large fraction of AT heterozygous cells were irreversibly blocked in G 1  as determined by cumulative labeling indices following incubation with [ 3 H]thymidine. No such block occurred in four reference normal or AT homozygous strains. Three coded cell strains from apparently normal individuals resembled AT heterozygotes in their response; two of these strains were heterozygous for lysosomal storage disease. Thus, although the phenotype associated with the cellular response of AT heterozygous cells to X-irradiation is not specific to this disorder, the cumulative labeling indices assay may be a useful method for the detection of AT heterozygotes in kindreds with known AT.