tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Authors: Robert M. Senior
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. David Ortbals, Intern in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 45-year-old woman was admitted to Jewish Hospital with a complaint of pain in the back and leg for nine months. Approximately six months earlier she had been hospitalized elsewhere for this complaint, but no abnormalities were found and she received symptomatic therapy. The pain in the back gradually increased and extended into the entire right leg in association with severe weakness of the lower part of the right limb. The patient's past medical history had been normal. Physical examination revealed a well-developed, obese, white woman with normal vital signs. Examination of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen was unremarkable. There was a firm, nontender mass, 5X15 cm in size, along the right side of the spine in the lumbar region. Neuromuscular examination showed weakness of dorsiflexion on the
Genetics Moves Into the Medical Mainstream
Authors: Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACCF and AHA Presidents' Letter on MEDCAC
Authors: David R. Holmes, Gordon F. Tomaselli, Lisa Bradfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)

On January 25, 2012, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) convened a meeting of the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee (MEDCAC) to review the evidence on the management of patients with carotid atherosclerosis with particular reference to revascularization
Cranial Mononeuropathy as the First Sign of Intracranial Metastases
Authors: MORTON K. RUBINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In 13 cases of malignant disease the sign of intracranial metastases was a mononeuropathy of either the fifth or twelfth cranial nerve. Postmortem examination was performed in all patients, and in each instance there was meningeal or cranial nerve root sheath infiltration by tumor. The cranial nerve syndromes were partially reversible with X-ray treatment and chemotherapy. None of the patients had the clinical or laboratory characteristics of "carcinomatosis of the meninges." It is concluded that even subtle cranial mononeuropathy in a patient with an active malignancy elsewhere in the body is most likely due to direct tumor invasion of intracranial contents and is not an indirect or nonmetastatic manifestation of a distant malignancy. The relationship to "carcinomatosis of the meninges" is discussed.
Hypoxic Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase via Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Frank Jung, Lisa A. Palmer, Nan Zhou, Roger A. Johns
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The relationship between hypoxia and regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in myocardial tissue is not well understood. We investigated the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) on expression of the inducible NOS (iNOS) in myocardial cells in vivo and in vitro. In situ hybridization in myocardial tissue from rats exposed to hypoxia for 3 weeks demonstrated increased iNOS mRNA expression. Northern analysis of RNA from hearts of those animals and from cells exposed to hypoxia for 12 hours in vitro demonstrated an increase of HIF-1 RNA expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using oligonucleotides containing the iNOS HIF-1 DNA binding site and nuclear extracts from cardiac myocytes showed induction of specific DNA binding in cells subjected to hypoxia. Transient transfection of cardiac myocytes using the murine iNOS promoter resulted in a 3.43-fold increase in promoter activity under hypoxia compared with normoxia. Mutation or deletion of the HIF-1 site eliminated the hypoxic response. As cytokines have been shown to regulate iNOS expression in myocardial cells, cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1β causing a dramatic induction of iNOS protein expression under normoxia, with further augmentation under hypoxia. Transient transfection of cells stimulated with interleukin-1β showed an increased iNOS promoter activity under normoxic conditions compared with unstimulated cells, with a further increase in response to hypoxia, which was dependent on HIF-1. These results demonstrate that hypoxia causes an increase in iNOS expression in cardiac myocytes and that HIF-1 is essential for the hypoxic regulation of iNOS gene expression.
An Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis From Fresh-Pressed Apple Cider
Authors: Peter S. Millard
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Recent waterborne outbreaks have established Cryptosporidium as an emerging enteric pathogen, but foodborne transmission has rarely been reported. In October 1993, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred among students and staff attending a 1-day school agricultural fair in central Maine.Environmental/laboratory investigation and cohort study.Attendees of the fair and their household members.Clinical or laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis. Clinical cryptosporidiosis was defined as 3 days of either diarrhea (three loose stools in a 24-hour period) or vomiting.Surveys were completed for 611 (81%) of the estimated 759 fair attendees. Among attendees who completed the survey, there were 160 (26%) primary cases. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the stools of 50 (89%) of 56 primary and secondary case patients tested. The median incubation period was 6 days (range, 10 hours to 13 days); the median duration of illness was 6 days (range, 1 to 16 days). Eighty-four percent of primary case patients had diarrhea and 82% had vomiting. Persons drinking apple cider that was hand pressed in the afternoon were at increased risk for cryptosporidiosis (154 [54%] of 284 exposed vs six [2%] of 292 unexposed; relative risk, 26; 95% confidence interval, 12 to 59). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the apple cider, on the cider press, and in the stool specimen of a calf on the farm that supplied the apples. The secondary household transmission rate was 15% (53/353).This is the first large cryptosporidiosis outbreak in which foodborne transmission has been documented. It underscores the need for agricultural producers to take measures to avoid contamination of foodstuffs with infectious agents common to the farm environment.
GW25-e0301 Effect of the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue Inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 on cardiac function after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Li Jingsha, Liu Hongzhen, Zeng Qixian, Meng Xianglin, Liu Donglin, Su Guoying, Zhang Yun, Zhong Jingquan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Sustained IL-4 exposure leads to a novel pathway for hemophagocytosis, inflammation, and tissue macrophage accumulation
Authors: Joshua D. Milner, Tatyana Orekov, Jerrold M. Ward, Lily Cheng, Fernando Torres-Velez, Ilkka Junttila, Guangping Sun, Mark Buller, Suzanne C. Morris, Fred D. Finkelman, William E. Paul
Journal: Blood (2010)

Erythrophagocytosis and inflammation from activated macrophages occur in distinct clinical scenarios. The presence of CD8(+) T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production is required to induce disease in mouse models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. We investigated the roles of a different class of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, in the induction of inflammatory tissue macrophage accumulation and/or hemophagocytosis. We found that large amounts of IL-4, but not IL-13, delivered via an implanted mini-pump or IL-4/anti-IL-4 complexes, lead to substantial YM1(+) tissue macrophage accumulation, erythrophagocytosis within the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, decreased hemoglobin and platelet levels, and acute weight loss. This effect is not dependent on the presence of antibody or T cells, as treatment of Rag2(-/-) mice leads to similar disease, and IFN-γ neutralization during IL-4 treatment had no effect. IL-4 treatment results in suppression of IL-12, elevation of serum IFN-γ, IL-10, and the murine IL-8 homolog KC, but not IL-6, IL-1β, or tumor necrosis factor-α. Finally, mice transgenic for IL-4 production developed tissue macrophage accumulation, disruption of splenic architecture, bone marrow hypocellularity, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. These data describe a novel pathophysiologic pathway for erythrophagocytosis in the context of tissue macrophage accumulation and inflammation involving elevations in IL-4 and alternative macrophage activation.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor ? on intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cell of rat liver
Authors: Y Mano, M Ishii, H Okamoto, T Igarashi, K Kobayashi, T Toyota
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α), which is primarily produced by macrophages, is a cytokine with various biological activities. Macrophage infiltration often accompanies experimental cholangitis in rats, and chronic cholangitis in humans. The pathophysiologic significance of TNF–α in cholangitis is not known. We used cultured, polarized intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (IBDECs) from rat liver to determine whether TNF–α directly affects the organization of IBDEC monolayers. The addition of recombinant TNF–α (rTNF–α) to culture media at concentrations from 10 to 200 U/mL lacked cytotoxicity to the IBDECs as judged by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. rTNF–α transiently reduced transepithelial electrical resistance in a dose–dependent manner. During this decrease in resistance, the cellular tight junctions became leaky, allowing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) penetration. rTNF–α, at concentrations up to 200 U/mL, did not detach IBDECs from Matrigel, an artificial basement membrane. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for F–actin showed a well–preserved cell structure and organization of IBDECs. Results suggest that TNF–α is nontoxic to IBDECs, and that it increases the permeability of tight junctions. TNF–α may thus disturb the barrier function of the bile duct.
Tobramycin Inhalation Product Approved for Use in Cystic Fibrosis Therapy
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anticoagulants and Prothrombin Pattern
Authors: B. L. Della Vida, A. Morandi
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3><b>Aims and objectives</b></h3> To establish documented evidence of the preferred place of death (PPD) of people with a learning disability (LD) and establish if PPD was achieved and documented. Additionally; to establish where initial conversation took place with regards to PPD. To establish if an “easy read” Preferred Priorities for Care was used or not. To add some narrative to capture the complexity of caring for each individual with a learning disability. <h3><b>Background</b></h3> This audit evolved as an outcome of a previous learning disabilities audit in January 2015. Following discussion at a multi-disciplinary team meeting it was agreed that a further audit on an individual’s PPD would highlight if the hospice was meeting their objectives within the learning disability pathway under future planning considerations. <h3><b>Method</b></h3> A qualitative retrospective audit was completed from 12 patient’s notes on i-care entries, who were known to have a learning disability over a one year period. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> All deaths achieved their PPD with 100 percent documented evidence. There was a rich narrative and person-centred care, demonstrating continuity. <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> The results revealed aspiring achievements with significant learning outcomes for the hospice multi-disciplinary teams. Actions identified were: An easy read booklet for preferred priorities for care to be offered where appropriate: To highlight the importance of documenting capacity/PPD discussions where appropriate. Current notes to be reviewed with regards to power of attorney/registration. To promote awareness of the resource folder in the clinical nurse specialist office: To share the importance of the narrative and adherence to the standard in the learning disability pathway.
The National Dementia strategy in England
Authors: A. Burns, P. Robert
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A “smorgasbord” of evidence, economics, and obligation

Public awareness of dementia is currently high, thanks to touching personal accounts of the illness through individual experience, such as that of the writer Sir Terry Pratchett.1 In the United Kingdom, dementia affects about 700 000 people at an estimated cost of £17bn (€19bn; $24bn) a year.2 The National Dementia strategy for England—the product of extensive consultation with an estimated funding of £150m—was launched in February 2009.3 The main outputs are 17 recommendations coalesced around three areas—raising awareness, diagnosing the disease early on, and improving quality of care. The mantra of “a memory clinic in every town” was one of the publicity sound bites,4 but it raised legitimate questions about the evidence behind the strategy. How many of the 17 recommendations are evidence based? How many can be? The answer to both questions is—some of them.

The recommendations include a mix of long awaited priority setting and reaffirmation of existing legislation. Some are obvious—for example, good quality information for people with dementia and their carers and improved community support and implementation …
Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor γ chain
Authors: Xiqing Cao, Elizabeth W. Shores, Jane Hu-Li, Miriam R. Anver, Brian L. Kelsail, Sarah M. Russell, John Drago, Masayuki Noguchi, Alexander Grinberg, Eda T. Bloom, William E. Paul, Stephen I. Katz, Paul E. Love, Warren J. Leonard
Journal: Immunity (1995)
Postmenopausal Bleeding Associated With Corticosteroid Administration
Authors: John A. Kerner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  It has been my observation that postmenopausal bleeding is often associated with antecedent corticosteroid administration. This has been particularly true among patients who had been receiving estrogen given in a cyclic fashion and who had not bled for some years prior to corticosteroid therapy. Since this association has not been described, I undertook a retrospective analysis of such cases in my practice in the preceding 18 months.  During the period of review, 45 patients underwent dilatation and curettage for postmenopausal bleeding. Of these, nine, all of whom were taking cyclic estrogen, received corticosteroids prior to the bleeding. In seven of the nine the corticosteroid had been given as one or more injections for arthritic complaints. In one patient the corticosteroid was applied locally to the vulva in a liberal fashion for a severe vulvitis. One patient had an injection of corticosteroid for a severe dermatitis. The average
Liver steatosis is not associated with fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: T. Asselah, N. Boyer, M.-C. Guimont, D. Cazals, F. Tubach, K. Nahon, D. Vidaud, M. Martinot, M. Vidaud, C. Degott, D. Valla, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Selecting highly affine and well-expressed TCRs for gene therapy of melanoma
Authors: Annelies Jorritsma, Raquel Gomez-Eerland, Maarten Dokter, Willeke van de Kasteele, Yvonne M. Zoet, Ilias I. N. Doxiadis, Nathalie Rufer, Pedro Romero, Richard A. Morgan, Ton N. M. Schumacher, John B. A. G. Haanen
Journal: Blood (2007)
Distracting Effects Placed Across the Epiphyses of Long Bones
Authors: William N. Harsha
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE CRIPPLING, as well as cosmetic problems related to discrepancy of extremity length have been a problem to the orthopedic surgeon from time immemorial. Such discrepancies are numerous, generally relating to active growth. Irregularities such as active infection, tumor growth, metabolic and endocrinological or vascular abnormality are excluded. Purpose of Experiment and Previous Work The basic attempt of this preliminary report is to assay the effects of certain types of distracting forces placed across the otherwise apparently normal epiphysis of the distal end of the femur of experimental animals. The theory of the work is not new, but a well controlled experiment, to my knowledge, has not been carried out. There are many reasons why this type of experiment is extremely difficult to do on a sound scientific basis, and the results of this paper may be criticized because of the lack of accurate control, the variance as to species
Identification of mRNA for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in human coronary arteries
Authors: T Ishida
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Although pharmacological studies have indicated that serotonin (5-HT)-evoked contraction of the human coronary artery is mediated by 5-HT1-like and 5-HT2 receptors, the gene expression of 5-HT receptors is still unclear. We examined mRNA expression of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in human coronary arteries.Total RNA was extracted from human coronary arteries of 14 patients at autopsy by the guanidine method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ribonuclease protection assays were performed to identify 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor mRNA expression in human coronary artery.By RT-PCR, 5-HT1b, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B mRNAs were detected in all of the 14 patients. 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT1E mRNAs were detected in only some patients. However, neither 5-HT1F mRNA nor 5-HT2C mRNA was detected in any patient. By ribonuclease protection assay, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A signals were detected in all patients examined, but neither 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D nor 5-HT2B signal was detected in any patient.Of 5-HT1/2 receptor subtypes, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptor mRNAs were predominantly expressed in human coronary arteries. Our finding provides molecular evidence that the 5-HT1B receptor may be the 5-HT1-like receptor which mediates constriction of human coronary arteries.
SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL SYSTOLIC CAROTID ARTERIAL STRAIN IN DIABETICS AND HYPERTENSIVES USING 2D SPECKLE TRACKING
Authors: Eric Y. Yang, Gerd Brunner, Hisham Dokainish, Salim Virani, Nasser Lakkis, Arunima Misra, Marti McCulloch, Craig J. Hartley, Joel D. Morrisett, Christie Ballantyne, Sherif Nagueh, Vijay Nambi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lung Development: Biological and Clinical Perspectives, vol 1: Biochemistry and Physiology; vol 2: Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Authors: Louis Gluck
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Lung Development: Biological and Clinical Perspectives is a two-volume work edited by Dr Philip Farrell. The 21 sections in volume 1 and the 15 in volume 2 are provided by 33 contributors, many of whom are pioneers in their fields. Volume 1 mainly deals with the biochemistry and physiology of the developing lung, while volume 2 is primarily concerned with the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.  In general, the assignments of chapters are very good. Some chapters are especially noteworthy, including that by Longmore on the isolated perfused lung model for studies of lung metabolism, and the constructive material presented by Dr Robert B. Kotas. There are important chapters on isolation of alveolar type II cells (Robert J. Mason) and lung cell culture systems (W. H. J. Douglas and S. S. Smith). But there is an extremely disproportionate overemphasis on the CDP-choline pathway and on lecithin in general. This overemphasis is
Cancer surveillance in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1995)

published literature on the gastrointestinal effects of acupuncture, we were unable to find any controlled study showing the effect of acupuncture on ulcer healing.4There have been three reports, however, of uncontrolled studies5-7 suggesting that acupuncture may be of therapeutic benefit in peptic ulcer dis- ease and Lux et al cited one of these.It is unfortunate that Lux et al failed to recognise our own work, but more so that they did not extend our initial studies into the mechanisms participating in the inhibition of acid secretion by acupuncture.Clearly, we agree with them that further studies are needed to examine therapeutic efficacy.