tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Regional Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Early Pacing-Induced Heart Failure Using Ultrasonic Integrated Backscatter
Authors: Shiro Nozaki, Anthony N. DeMaria, Gregory A. Helmer, H. Kirk Hammond
Journal: Circulation (1995)

It has been demonstrated that cyclic variation of ultrasonic integrated backscatter (CVIBS) may be useful in detecting altered physical conditions in the heart. However, no previous study has examined serial changes of CVIBS in the myocardium during the development of left ventricular dysfunction.We examined alterations of CVIBS in pacing-induced cardiac dysfunction. Eight pigs (36 +/- 2 kg) were studied before and sequentially during sustained rapid ventricular pacing (225 +/- 9 beats per minute). CVIBS was measured in the IVS and left ventricular PLW before pacing and daily for 4 days after onset of pacing. Five additional pigs (35 +/- 10 kg) were examined after 14 days of pacing. Regional function and CVIBS were assessed with pacemakers inactivated. A quantitative integrated backscatter imaging system (two-dimensional format) was used. Over 4 days of pacing, the magnitude of CVIBS progressively decreased in the PLW but was unchanged in the IVS, findings that persisted at 14 days. Percent wall thickening in the PLW progressively decreased to a greater degree than percent wall thickening in the IVS. A linear relation between the magnitude of CVIBS and percent wall thickening was found. At 14 days, blood flow to the two regions was similar but regional differences in CVIBS persisted.Rapid left ventricular pacing produces abnormalities of regional myocardial function within 48 hours of pacing. Regional myocardial dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in CVIBS in the same region.
Dementia Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Carol Brayne, Chris Fox, Malaz Boustani
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Ineffective" Splenosis Detected on Tc-99m Labeled White Cell Imaging
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, AVA M. PANNULLO, MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A Tc-99m HMPAO WBC study, in an 84-year-old woman, showed mottled uptake in the posterior left upper quadrant. This finding corresponded to splenosis. However, despite the presence of these splenic cells, Howell-Jolly bodies had not been cleared from circulating RBCs. Either the volume of splenic cells was insufficient, or they were "ineffective."
The Advantages of Glossopharyngeal Breathing
Authors: J. R. Harries, W. E. Lawes
Journal: BMJ (1957)

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in evaluating outcomes in a changing environment. Administering opioids to the OFC can alter the hedonic reaction to food rewards and increase their consumption in a subregion-specific manner. However, it is unknown how mu-opioid signaling influences synaptic transmission in the OFC. Thus, we investigated the cellular actions of mu-opioids within distinct subregions of the OFC. Using <i>in vitro</i> patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices containing the OFC, we found that the mu-opioid agonist DAMGO produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GABAergic synaptic transmission onto medial OFC (mOFC), but not lateral OFC (lOFC) neurons. This effect was mediated by presynaptic mu-opioid receptor activation of local parvalbumin (PV<sup>+</sup>)-expressing interneurons. The DAMGO-induced suppression of inhibition was long lasting and not reversed on washout of DAMGO or by application of the mu-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP, suggesting an inhibitory long-term depression (LTD) induced by an exogenous mu-opioid. We show that LTD at inhibitory synapses is dependent on downstream cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, which differs between the mOFC and lOFC. Finally, we demonstrate that endogenous opioid release triggered via moderate physiological stimulation can induce LTD. Together, these results suggest that presynaptic mu-opioid stimulation of local PV<sup>+</sup> interneurons induces a long-lasting suppression of GABAergic synaptic transmission, which depends on subregional differences in mu-opioid receptor coupling to the downstream cAMP/PKA intracellular cascade. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the opposing functional effects produced by mu-opioids within the OFC. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Considering that both the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the opioid system regulate reward, motivation, and food intake, understanding the role of opioid signaling within the OFC is fundamental for a mechanistic understanding of the sequelae for several psychiatric disorders. This study makes several novel observations. First, mu-opioids induce a long-lasting suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission onto OFC pyramidal neurons in a regionally selective manner. Second, mu-opioids recruit parvalbumin inputs to suppress inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mOFC. Third, the regional selectivity of mu-opioid action of endogenous opioids is due to the efficacy of mu-opioid receptor coupling to the downstream cAMP/PKA intracellular cascades. These experiments are the first to reveal a cellular mechanism of opioid action within the OFC.
ENHANCED STORAGE REDUCTION IN HEARTS OF FABRY MICE MEDIATED BY EXPRESSION OF AN ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A-TAT FUSION ENZYME
Authors: Koji Higuchi, Makoto Yoshimitsu, Xin Fan, Xiaoxin Guo, Vanessa I. Rasaiah, Toshihiro Takenaka, Chuwa Tei, Jeffrey A. Medin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Birthweight below the tenth percentile: the relative and attributable risks of maternal tobacco consumption and other factors.
Authors: J Morrison, G M Williams, J M Najman, M J Andersen, J D Keeping
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Analysis of 7776 singleton births defined a cohort of babies with birthweight below the 10th percentile after adjusting for gestational age and sex. The relative risk of a baby being small for gestational age in respect to a number of factors, such as parental anthropometry, demographic factors, behavior patterns (tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and caffeine consumption), maternal pathology, and fetal abnormality, was calculated. The highest relative risks are associated with severe antepartum hemorrhage, severe pre-eclampsia, and severe fetal abnormality. As these are relatively rare events, a more accurate calculation of overall risk to the population as opposed to the individual can be obtained by studying the percent attributable risk of each of the factors. This demonstrates that maternal tobacco consumption is the major environmental risk factor in our population.
Gene Therapy Moves Forward in 2010
Authors: Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The XVIII Annual Congress of the European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ESGCT) was held in Milan, Italy, 22–25 October 2010. The well-attended meeting provided an excellent overview of the current status of gene and cell therapy in Europe and beyond. After several years of difficulties for the field, this year's meeting captured the renewed optimism and excitement of those working in the field, owing to significant recent developments.
Hand eczema in The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis (TOACS): prevalence, incidence and risk factors from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: C.G. Mortz, C. Bindslev-Jensen, K.E. Andersen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Several studies have evaluated the incidence and prevalence of hand eczema in unselected adults. However, no studies have followed unselected adolescents from primary school into adult life to evaluate the course and risk factors for hand eczema.To estimate the incidence of hand eczema from adolescence to adulthood and the prevalence of hand eczema in young adults, together with risk factors for hand eczema.A cohort of 1501 unselected eighth-grade schoolchildren (mean age 14 years) was established in 1995. In 2010, 1206 young adults from the cohort were asked to complete a questionnaire and participate in a clinical examination, including patch testing.The incidence of hand eczema was 8·8 per 1000 person-years. The 1-year-period prevalence of hand eczema in the young adults was 14·3% (127 of 891) and the point prevalence 7·1% (63 of 891), with significantly higher prevalence in females. At the clinical examination 6·4% (30 of 469) had hand eczema. Factors in childhood of importance for adult hand eczema were atopic dermatitis and hand eczema. Wet work in adulthood was a risk factor, as was taking care of small children at home. Interestingly, hand eczema among unselected young adults was associated with sick leave/pension/rehabilitation, indicating possible severe social consequences. Only 39·0% of patients participated in the clinical examination, while 75·0% answered the questionnaire.A high incidence and prevalence of hand eczema were found in 28-30-year-old adults, and were highly associated with childhood hand eczema and atopic dermatitis, along with wet work and taking care of small children in adulthood. There was no association with smoking, education level or nickel allergy in childhood.
Brain: Fetal and Infant
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>Early Influences</h3> edited by Gilbert Gottlieb, 358 pp, with illus (Studies on Development of Behavior and Nervous System, Robert Ader et al, eds), $22.50, New York, Academic Press, 1978. The explosion of knowledge during recent years has led to the publication of large numbers of symposiums, collections, and multiauthored textbooks that bombard us every day. It has become increasingly difficult not merely to keep up with their contents, but, more important, to give them the critical evaluation so necessary for appropriate selection. It is thus with great pleasure that I received these two volumes, since they represent, in my opinion, carefully selected, authoritatively written reflections on research in early development. The first volume represents a joint effort, primarily of French and American investigators, while the second is more of a strictly American production. Although it is almost certain that the respective editors did not collaborate, the two books complement each
Diabetes in Urban African-Americans: II. High prevalence of microalbuminuria and nephropathy in African-Americans with diabetes
Authors: Merilyn G Goldschmid, William S Domin, David C Ziemer, Daniel L Gallina, Lawrence S Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE African-Americans with diabetes have an increased risk of endstage renal disease, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We undertook this study to evaluate prevalence and risk factors for renal disease in an African-American population with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured urine albumin excretion in 578 consecutive patients presenting for the first time to the Grady Memorial Hospital Diabetes Unit in Atlanta, GA. The unit serves an urban population that is predominantly African-American; 85% of patients have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Subjects provided 24-h and/or ∼ 3-h urine collections for measurement of albumin and creatinine. RESULTS Correlation of the albumin/creatinine ratio (μg/mg) with the 24-h albumin excretion rate was 0.89 (P &amp;lt; 0.001, n = 123). Although the median duration of diabetes was only 1 year, among all subjects, the estimated prevalence of microalbuminuria (30–300 mg albumin/24 h) was 25% and that of nephropathy (&amp;gt; 300 mg albumin/24 h) was 11%. Among African-Americans with NIDDM (n = 466), the estimated prevalence of microalbuminuria was 24% and that of nephropathy was 12% prevalence remained high (25 and 5%, respectively) among 219 patients with &amp;lt; 1 year known duration of diabetes. Metabolic control was not associated with disease. However, among all subjects with NIDDM, the odds ratio for nephropathy among subjects with disease duration &amp;gt; 5 years compared with those with disease duration &amp;lt; 1 year was 4.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24–9.79), and the odds ratio for nephropathy among subjects with hypertension compared with those without hypertension was 2.64 (CI 1.42–4.93). Odds ratios were comparable among African-Americans with NIDDM. Trends were similar but less significant for subjects with microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Albuminuria can be identified reliably and conveniently by the albumin/creatinine ratio in brief urine collections. In our patients, clinically significant albuminuria occurred in 36% of persons at first presentation. Since increased risk was associated with hypertension and control of hypertension can slow progression of renal disease, screening for albuminuria and treatment of hypertension should be aggressive in urban populations of African-Americans with diabetes.
Inflammatory bowel disease in relatives of patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: J F Fielding
Journal: BMJ (1980)

lationship of solution pH to biological activity.All the available data indicate that alkaline glutaraldehydes, including Cidex Long-Life, are significantly more active against microorganisms than acid glutaraldehydes, in- cluding Sonacide.'-4These data, coupled with the fact that Cidex Long-Life is only slightly less chemically stable than Sonacide, enable us to state categorically that Sonacide does not have a longer use life than Cidex Long- Life when compared under identical conditions of use.In addition, Cidex Long-Life has greatly superior anti-corrosion properties throughout an equivalent use period.
Induction and termination of triggered activity by pacing in isolated canine Purkinje fibers.
Authors: J P Moak, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The clinical importance of delayed afterdepolarizations and resultant triggered activity as a cause of cardiac arrhythmias is uncertain. We studied the response of ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity to a pacing protocol similar to those used clinically in an effort to quantify the types of responses to pacing that occur as a result of this arrhythmogenic mechanism. Isolated canine Purkinje fibers were superfused with 2 X 10(7)M ouabain until delayed afterdepolarizations occurred and attained an amplitude of 5 mV at a paced cycle length of 500 msec. We then studied the induction of triggered activity in these fibers by pacing. We found that: (1) As the pacing cycle length decreased, the coupling interval from the last paced beat to the first triggered beat decreased and 83% of fibers developed triggered activity. (2) The coupling interval of the first triggered beat after single (S2) or double (S2S3) premature beats was in part dependent on preceding pacing cycle lengths. S2 pacing induced triggered activity in 39% of fibers, and S2S3 pacing induced triggered activity in 48% of fibers. We then studied the termination of ouabain-induced sustained rhythmic activity by pacing: 89% of sustained rhythmic activity could be terminated by overdrive pacing at a cycle length less than or equal to 300 msec. The coupling interval of the first beat or first delayed afterdepolarization after the termination of overdrive decreased as pacing cycle length decreased. S2 premature beats reset the sustained rhythmic activity and terminated 14% of sustained rhythmic activity. The coupling interval of the first escape beat or delayed afterdepolarization after S2S3 premature beats decreased as the S2S3 interval shortened, and S2S3 terminated 26% of sustained rhythmic activity. Pacing at an S1S1 cycle length of 400 msec followed by an S2 terminated 50% of sustained rhythmic activity; S1S1 at a cycle length of 400 msec followed by S2S3 terminated 85% of sustained rhythmic activity. This quantitative demonstration of the responses of delayed afterdepolarizations, triggered activity, and sustained rhythmic activity to pacing may be useful in differentiating these from other mechanisms for arrhythmias.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSCATHETER REDUCTION OF SIGNIFICANT MITRAL REGURGITATION IN HIGH SURGICAL RISK PATIENTS WITH MITRACLIP: FINAL 5 YEAR RESULTS OF THE EVEREST II HIGH RISK REGISTRY
Authors: Saibal Kar, Patrick Whitlow, Wesley Pedersen, Scott Lim, Richard Smalling, Tanvir Bajwa, Mark Reisman, Elyse Foster, Laura Mauri, Ted Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Neuroanatomical Characteristics Associated With Response to Dorsal Anterior Cingulotomy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Garrett P. Banks, Charles B. Mikell, Brett E. Youngerman, Bryan Henriques, Kathleen M. Kelly, Andrew K. Chan, Diana Herrera, Darin D. Dougherty, Emad N. Eskandar, Sameer A. Sheth
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Approximately 10% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have symptoms that are refractory to pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Neurosurgical interventions can be effective therapeutic options in these patients, but not all individuals respond. The mechanisms underlying this response variability are poorly understood.To identify neuroanatomical characteristics on preoperative imaging that differentiate responders from nonresponders to dorsal anterior cingulotomy, a neurosurgical lesion procedure used to treat refractory OCD.We retrospectively analyzed preoperative T1 and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging sequences from 15 patients (9 men and 6 women) who underwent dorsal anterior cingulotomy. Eight of the 15 patients (53%) responded to the procedure.We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging to identify structural and connectivity variations that could differentiate eventual responders from nonresponders. The VBM and probabilistic tractography metrics were correlated with clinical response to the cingulotomy procedure as measured by changes in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score.Voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed a gray matter cluster in the right anterior cingulate cortex, anterior to the eventual lesion, for which signal strength correlated with poor response (P = .017). Decreased gray matter in this region of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex predicted improved response (mean [SD] gray matter partial volume for responders vs nonresponders, 0.47 [0.03] vs 0.66 [0.03]; corresponding to mean Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score change, -60% [19] vs -11% [9], respectively). Hemispheric asymmetry in connectivity between the eventual lesion and the caudate (for responders vs nonresponders, mean [SD] group laterality for individual lesion seeds, -0.79 [0.18] vs -0.08 [0.65]; P = .04), putamen (-0.55 [0.35] vs 0.50 [0.33]; P = .001), thalamus (-0.82 [0.19] vs 0.41 [0.24]; P = .001), pallidum (-0.78 [0.18] vs 0.43 [0.48]; P = .001), and hippocampus (-0.66 [0.33] vs 0.33 [0.18]; P = .001) also correlated significantly with clinical response, with increased right-sided connectivity predicting greater response.We identified features of anterior cingulate cortex structure and connectivity that predict clinical response to dorsal anterior cingulotomy for refractory OCD. These results suggest that the variability seen in individual responses to a highly consistent, stereotyped procedure may be due to neuroanatomical variation in the patients. Furthermore, these variations may allow us to predict which patients are most likely to respond to cingulotomy, thereby refining our ability to individualize this treatment for refractory psychiatric disorders.
Efficacy of Single-Dose and Conventional Amoxicillin Therapy in Urinary-Tract Infection Localized by the Antibody-Coated Bacteria Technic
Authors: Leslie S. T. Fang, Nina E. Tolkoff-Rubin, Robert H. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Urine specimens from 61 women with symptoms of cystitis who are infected with amoxicillin-sensitive organisms were examined by the antibody-coated bacteria assay. Patients with negative assays were randomized to receive either a single 3-g oral dose of amoxicillin or 10 days of amoxicillin, 250 mg, given by mouth four times per day (conventional therapy). Patients with positive assays received conventional therapy. All 43 patients without antibody-coated bacteria in the urine, 22 given single-dose therapy and 21 treated conventionally, were cured of their infection. Of 18 patients with antibody-coated bacteria, nine relapsed within one week of completion of conventional therapy. The results of the antibody-coated bacteria assay appear to predict the therapeutic response: both single-dose and conventional amoxicillin therapy are completely successful in patients with negative assays; in contrast, conventional therapy is ineffective in 50 per cent of patients with positive assays.
What would happen to health inequalities if smoking were eliminated?
Authors: J. P. Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (2011)

They would persist at a lower level because obesity would fill part of the gap

Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality are a stubborn phenomenon. During the 20th century, despite increases in prosperity and various policies to take the sharper edges off social inequality, the gap in survival between those with a lower and a higher socioeconomic position has not disappeared. On the contrary, many countries in western Europe and North America have seen a widening of this gap during the past 40 years.1

In many of these countries, smoking now is one of the most important mediators of the effect of low socioeconomic position on mortality. Among men, and in some countries among women, smoking has been declining for several decades. Because this decline has been most prominent in more highly educated people and those with higher incomes, smoking has become relatively more common in lower socioeconomic groups.2 3 The linked cohort study by Hart and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d3785) is a welcome opportunity to see what could happen to health inequalities if …