tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleep duration and obesity in women - A 10 year prospective study
Authors: Jenny Theorell-Haglöw, Christer Janson, Christian Berne, Eva Lindberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Obesity is highly related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Research has shown that one potential cause of obesity may be short sleep duration. Aim: The aim was to assess how sleep duration and obesity is related over a 10 year period, in a population-based sample of women.

Methods: A total of 5,003 non-pregnant women (response rate 80 %) >=30 years, answered a 10-year follow-up questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration, weight, height, waist circumference, snoring and life style factors. Regression analysis was performed to analyze independent associations between sleep duration and measures of obesity.

Results: In the whole population 31% (n=2,127) of the women had increased their weight by at least 15 kg, 37% (n=2,549) had a BMI>=30 kg/m2 and 52% were centrally obese (waist circumference ≥88cm). Both short (<6h) (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.06-1.80) and long sleep duration (≥9h) (1.86; 1.32-2.62) showed to be risk factors for general obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) after controlling for confounders. When dividing the women by age both short and long sleep duration were risk factors in the younger age group (age at baseline <40 years). In women above age 40 years at baseline only long sleep duration remained as a risk factor for general obesity after controlling for confounders. In addition, short sleep duration was shown as a risk factor for central obesity after adjustments (1.46; 1.002-2.14) in younger women, whereas long sleep duration was a risk factor in women age ≥40 years (1.86; 1.17-2.96).

Conclusion: Both short and long sleeping women had a greater risk of general obesity compared with normal sleepers (6-9h). Young short sleepers were also more at risk for central obesity.
Vitiligo
Authors: Alain Taïeb, Mauro Picardo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A healthy 25-year-old brunette woman reports a 12-month history of skin depigmentation. She first noticed patches of skin whitening on her hips, followed by additional depigmented patches on her elbows, shins, upper eyelids, and lower chin. A dermatologist recently made a diagnosis of vitiligo and recommended a sunscreen but offered little hope for treatment. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Clinical aspects of invasive infections with Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in Japan: differences with respect to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae infections
Authors: T. Takahashi, K. Sunaoshi, K. Sunakawa, S. Fujishima, H. Watanabe, K. Ubukata
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Menopausal asthma: a new biological phenotype?
Authors: M. P. Foschino Barbaro, V. R. Costa, O. Resta, R. Prato, A. Spanevello, G. P. Palladino, D. Martinelli, G. E. Carpagnano
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Female hormones play an important role in women's lung health, especially in asthma pathophysiology. Although a growing interest has recently been aroused in asthma related to short-term reproductive states, menopausal asthma has been little studied in the past. The aim of the present study was to explore airway inflammation in menopausal asthmatic women in a noninvasive manner.Forty consecutive women with menopausal asthma, 35 consecutive women with premenopausal asthma and 30 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Urinary LTE-4, induced sputum inflammatory cells, and exhaled LTE-4, IL-6, pH, and NO levels were measured in all the subjects enrolled.Women with menopausal asthma showed decreased estradiol concentrations, high sputum neutrophils, and exhaled IL-6. Women with premenopausal asthma presented instead an essentially eosinophilic inflammatory pattern. Higher urine and breath condensate LTE-4 concentrations were found in premenopausal and menopausal asthma compared to controls.Our results substantiate the existence of a new biological phenotype of menopausal asthma that is mainly characterized by neutrophilic airways inflammation and shares several characteristics of the severe asthma phenotype.
Nuffield Council invites public to join genetics debate
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Rubella vaccinations may be safe during early pregnancy, a new study from the University of Toronto in Canada has reported.

The findings, presented recently at the annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Orlando, Florida, raise doubts about the need to consider abortion because of exposure to the vaccine in early pregnancy. They also challenge the long held belief that it is essential to avoid vaccinating pregnant women against rubella for fear of …
The ABPI's response to news story on leading academics' condemnation of government undermining of NICE
Authors: A. Clough
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The allegations in the news story “Leading academics condemn government undermining of NICE,” on the Maynard and Bloom paper published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine , are misleading and, in many cases, incorrect.1

Firstly, the government does not subsidise the drug industry. Under the five year voluntary Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) agreed with the …
In vitro validation of nitrogen multiple breath washout using ultrasonic equipment
Authors: Susanne Fuchs, Christian Buess, Monika Gappa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Over the last years, ultrasonic equipment for Multiple Breath Washout (MBW) including measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) and assessment of ventilation inhomogeneity has been developed (EasyOne Pro, ndd Medizintechnik AG, Switzerland). Accuracy of the ultrasonic flow sensor has been demonstrated against mass spectrometry. Validity and feasibility have been demonstrated in single and in multi-centre studies using SF6 as the tracer gas. Recently, the washout procedure has been changed to nitrogen washout. All analysis steps, including delay correction between flow and side-stream molar mass signals were automated to facilitate clinical use.  However, calculation of both, FRC and parameters of ventilation homogeneity depend on accuracy of the underlying algorithms. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the EasyOnePro software for calculating FRC from nitrogen MBW using a novel lung model.  The lung model consists of an inner and an outer water-filled Plexiglas chamber (Soloplex AB, Sweden) and is driven by a mechanical ventilator (Evita, Drager, Germany); the water level of the inner chamber, which is partially separated by a wall to allow ventilation, determines the target FRC. 60 measurements were performed using FRC target volumes between 350 and 4000 ml. Respiratory rates were set between 10 and 20 min-1 and tidal volumes between 300 and 800 ml.  Within-test repeatability of three measurements was below 0.76% for all settings. Mean difference between target FRC and measured FRC was 3.28% (95% CI -45 ml; -31 ml). We conclude that the Easy One Pro Software accurately calculates FRC.
Determination of respiratory flow by tracheal sound-frequency-analysis
Authors: Volker Gross, Denise Basu, Michael Scholtes, Florian Schudt, Ulrich Koehler, Keywan Ali Sohrabi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The established methods to detect the flow are pneumotachographic measurements, which are not always ideal to use regarding long term measurements and measurements during sleep. Thus it is interesting to find an alternative non-invasive method to detect the quantitative value of the flow.

There are some further appendages that use tracheal respiratory sound intensity, but there is no method suitable for measurements during a noninvasive ventilation.

The aim was to create a new method, easy to use under different long term conditions, based on tracheal sound-frequency-analysis.

Up to now, 43 subjects (male, non-smoker, normal BMI, 18-60 years old, FEV1>80%) were tested. The subjects breathed during 15 minutes without and with different masks. The measuring method included a respiratory sound sensor which was affixed paralaryngeally on jugular and a pneumotachograph. The flow-curve was calculated using the envelope of frequency spectra via fast fourier transformation.

It was possible to achieve a very good correlation between the calculated flow-curve and the real flow (R>0,8) in all conditions.

This method is very easy to use and could be established for patients who are not eligible for conventional measurements (infants, measurement during sleep and for patients with noninvasive ventilation).
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Risk of Subsequent Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kimberly K. Ma, J. Lee Nelson, Katherine A. Guthrie, Carin E. Dugowson, Hilary S. Gammill
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Pregnancy and reproductive outcomes have been associated with altered risk of some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether prior pregnancy resulting in a low birth weight (LBW) infant or preterm birth is associated with a risk of subsequent RA in the mother.We conducted an analysis of RA risk in parous women from a population-based prospective study of newly diagnosed cases of RA and age-matched healthy controls. The primary outcome measure was disease status (RA versus control), with exposures of prior preterm birth and prior delivery of an infant with LBW (≤2,500 gm), very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1,500 gm), or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 gm). A preplanned analysis including only rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive RA cases was also conducted.A total of 202 RA cases and 1,102 controls were analyzed. Prior delivery of an infant with ELBW was associated with RA in the mother (relative risk [RR] 3.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-13.2]). Prior VLBW (RR 4.0 [95% CI 1.3-11.4]) and ELBW (RR 5.5 [95% CI 1.4-22.5]) infants were associated with RF-positive RA. Prior LBW deliveries and preterm births were more common among RA cases than controls, but the differences were not statistically significant.Compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies, women with a prior VLBW or ELBW delivery had a higher risk of RA, particularly RF-positive RA. This association may reflect common risk factors for pregnancy complications and RA. Alternatively, complicated pregnancy itself may confer risk of subsequent RA.
Statistical cluster analysis on the BTS refractory asthma cohort
Authors: Chris Newby, Liam Heaney, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Rob Niven, Chris Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Severe asthma is no longer believed to be a single homogeneous condition but rather a heterogeneous disease possibly containing subsets of patients. A number of clustering algorithms have been carried out on various datasets of asthmatics of differing severities but few have been confirmed by follow-up studies.   Aims and objectives:  To further understand these clusters, statistical analysis was carried out to determine the patterns of variation seen in a large cohort with well characterised refractory asthma (Heaney. L et al,2010).   Methods:  Independent structure was determined using Bayesian factor analysis followed by statistical cluster analysis. The analysis revealed clinically relevant factors and statistical significant clusters.   Results:  4 factors were obtained from the Bayesian factor analysis. Factor 1 described lung function, factor 2 atopy, factor 3 BMI and factor 4 Inflammation. 4 clusters were found. These clusters were significant at the 0.05 level for over 26 asthma variables e.g. Pre bronchodilator FEV1 (p   Conclusions:  Cluster 1, described an older group of patients with the longest disease duration. Cluster 2, a mainly female group that had late onset and high BMI. Cluster 3 described an atopic group with high blood eosinophils and low age of onset. Cluster 4 were mainly male, had good lung function and were also the youngest. These clusters have been differentially represented in previous work in asthmatic populations of variable severity. Further analysis will be carried out longitudinally to determine outcomes for the clusters.
HLA class II as potential target antigen on malignant B cells for therapy with bispecific antibodies in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
Authors: D Elsasser, T Valerius, R Repp, GJ Weiner, Y Deo, JR Kalden, JG van de Winkel, GT Stevenson, MJ Glennie, M Gramatzki
Journal: Blood (1996)
Use of Whole‐Blood Transcriptomic Profiling to Highlight Several Pathophysiologic Pathways Associated With Response to Rituximab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data From a Randomized, Controlled, Open‐Label Trial
Authors: Jérémie Sellam, Sandrine Marion‐Thore, Florent Dumont, Sébastien Jacques, Henri‐Jean Garchon, Stéphanie Rouanet, Yassine Taoufik, Houria Hendel‐Chavez, Jean Sibilia, Jacques Tebib, Xavier Le Loët, Bernard Combe, Maxime Dougados, Xavier Mariette, Gilles Chiocchia
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective To identify a molecular signature that could be predictive of the clinical response to rituximab (RTX) and elucidate the transcriptomic changes after RTX therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the use of whole‐blood transcriptomic profiling. Methods A microarray assay of the whole human genome was performed using RNA from peripheral blood samples obtained before the first cycle of RTX from 68 patients with RA in the SMART study. The transcriptomic profile was also assessed 24 weeks after the first administration of RTX (among 24 nonresponders and 44 responders, according to the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria at week 24). Ingenuity Interactive Pathways Analysis was used to identify molecular pathways that were modified by RTX therapy according to the clinical response. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the microarray results. Results In total, 198 genes showed significant baseline differential expression between patient groups according to their subsequent response to RTX (good or moderate responder versus nonresponder). This molecular signature could be reduced to 143 genes, which allowed for correctly classifying 89% of the patients by their EULAR response status at week 24, with 93% identification of responders and 100% identification of nonresponders. The signature for response featured up‐regulation of inflammatory genes centered on NF‐κB, including IL33 and STAT5A , and down‐regulation of the interferon pathway. As expected, at week 24 post–RTX therapy, genes involved in the development and functions of B cells were the genes most strongly down‐regulated, without any difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion Whole‐blood transcriptomic analyses may accurately identify patients with RA who will not respond to RTX therapy. These findings could open new perspectives on the clinical management of RA.
Commentary: Surgery is not what it seems
Authors: L F Ross
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The decision by Dutch doctors to repair surgically the hymens of young women to mimic the virginal state is described as a case in which cultural values conflict with medical ethics. But this may not be an accurate description. Repair of the vaginal introitus is a low risk procedure that can be done as an outpatient procedure under local anaesthetic. It allows young women to bleed from intercourse on their wedding night. But …
Rare localization of extra pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Jihen Ben Amar, Besma Ourari, Leila El Gharbi, Saloua Azzabi, Mohamed Ali Baccar, Hichem Aouina, Hend Bouacha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Tuberculosis (TB) can involve any organ system in the body by way of hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination or contiguity. While pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is also an important clinical problem.  The aim of the present study is to describe clinical manifestations and the outcome of patients with EPTB.   Materials and methods:  We report the cases of 30 patients (17 men and 13 women) with a mean age 44 years (17-80 years) hospitalized for EPTB from January 2000 to January 2011.   Results:  Seven patients (23%) had fever, loss of weight, anorexia ant sweating; pain in effected site was noted in 6 cases (20%).  Urinary (16%), female genital (16%) and splenic tuberculosis (16%) were the most common site of involvement followed by parietal abscess (13.5%), abdominal (13.5%) and laryngeal tuberculosis (6%). The other localizations, spinal, skin, meningitis, haematopoietic, hepatic, tongue and thyroid gland were noted in only in one case (3%). Miliary tuberculosis was found in 3 cases (10%). Pulmonary tuberculosis was associated in 53%.  Tuberculosis was microbiologically proven in only 33% of cases. The diagnostic was confirmed by a tissue samples in 12 patients (40%).  Mean course of standard anti-TB therapy (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin or ethambutol) was 8,5 months, cure was noted in 83,% and lost to follow-up in 17%.   Conclusion:  High index of clinical suspicion, the use of invasive diagnostic methods for the confirmation of the diagnosis, early institution of specific antituberculosis treatment are the key to the successful management of EPTB.
Comparison of Thyroid Lobes, Auto-transplanted and &lt;italic&gt;In Situ&lt;/italic&gt;, in the Rat: Growth and II&lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt; Uptake
Authors: Seymour H. Wollman, Robert O. Scow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Comparison of Thyroid Lobes, Auto-transplanted and In Situ, in the Rat: Growth and II131 Uptake Get access Seymour H. Wollman, Seymour H. Wollman National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert O. Scow Robert O. Scow National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 4, February 1955, Pages 943–947, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.4.943 Published: 01 February 1955 Article history Received: 12 October 1954 Published: 01 February 1955
Feasibility and toxicity study of a high-dose chemotherapy regimen for autotransplantion incorporating carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and thiotepa
Authors: S. Rodenhuis, J.W. Baars, J.H. Schoraagel, L.T. Vlasveld, I. Mandjes, H.M. Pinedo, D.J. Richel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)
A Therapeutic Coalition for Obesity: Behavior Modification and Patient Self-Help
Authors: Leonard S. Levitz, Albert J. Stunkard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The effectiveness of a self-help organization for the obese was significantly increased by behavior modification techniques. Sixteen chapters of TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly), with a total of 234 members, received one of four treatments: behavior modification conducted by a professional therapist, behavior modification conducted by the TOPS leader, nutrition education conducted by the TOPS leader, and continuation of the usual TOPS program. During the three-month treatment period, behavior modification produced significantly lower attrition rates and significantly greater weight losses than did the alternate treatment methods. At nine-month follow-up, the differences among treatments were even greater.
Genetic-based classification of lung cancer: correlation between nuclear DNA content, chromosomal alterations and morphology
Authors: Iver Petersen and Waleed Kotb
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4543 

By CGH, we could reveal recurrent patterns of DNA imbalances in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between the DNA content as an indicator of chromosome numbers/aneuploidy and morphological parameter. In total, 145 lung cancer of all major histological subtypes were reclassified according to the following morphological parameters: nuclear and mitosis size (small, medium, large), presence of giant nuclei, tripolar or tetrapolar mitosis, giant cells, clear cells, spindle cells, tumor heterogeneity, apoptosis, necrosis. In addition, static DNA-image cytometry was applied using single cell suspensions after Feulgen stain. In comparison of the different subtypes, small cell lung carcinomas clearly showed the least DNA content (DNA index mean of 1,88c) being highly significantly different from adenocarcinomas (3,07c), large cell lung carcinoma (3,25c) and squamous cell carcinoma (3,41c). Among others, there were highly significant correlations between nuclear size and the DNA modal value (p=0,006) as well as DNA index mean (p=0,001). The presence of giant nuclei was strongly associated with the 5c exceeding rate (5cER, p<0,001) and tetrapolar mitosis with DNA index mean (p=0,003). Thus, chromosomal changes and DNA content of lung cancer are strongly reflected by morphology. The application of distinct cytological parameters as indicators of genomic alterations does allow a better stratification and classification of lung cancer.
Is Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation a Safe Tool To Transfer Severely Hypoxaemic Patients in Case of Influenza A/h1n1 Infection?
Authors: Jean-Louis Nicolas, Jean-François Cambier, S. Bouhon, Pierre Bulpa, Manuel Gonzalez, Isabelle Michaux, Etienne Installé, Alain-Michel Dive, Patrick Evrard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Comparison of functional variants in IFNL4 and IFNL3 for association with HCV clearance
Authors: Thomas R. O’Brien, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Ashley Paquin, Krystle A. Lang Kuhs, Sabrina Chen, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Brian R. Edlin, Charles D. Howell, Gregory D. Kirk, Mark H. Kuniholm, Timothy R. Morgan, Howard D. Strickler, David L. Thomas, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Risk Assessment, Genetic Testing, and Management of Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Shilpa Grover, Sapna Syngal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Of the estimated 150,000 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed annually, approximately 30% have a familial basis and 3% to 5% are from high-penetrance inherited cancer syndromes. Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, caused by inherited germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, is the most commonly inherited CRC syndrome. It is characterized by young-onset CRC and an increased risk for extracolonic tumors, including gynecologic, urinary tract, and other gastrointestinal cancers. Commercial testing is available for mutations in the MMR genes, but testing all patients with CRC would be economically prohibitive. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of a multigenerational family cancer history is essential for the identification of at-risk individuals. The presence of tumors diagnosed at a young age, multiple first- and second-degree relatives with cancer, or 2 or more primary cancers may be indicative of an inherited cancer syndrome and these individuals should undergo genetic evaluation. Genetic test results, when conclusive, can guide management for patients and their families. However, indeterminate test results may provide false reassurance to patients who should be managed as being at higher-than-average risk. Online risk assessment tools and commercial genetic testing offer the potential to identify a greater number of at-risk individuals at an earlier age. However, for these measures to improve outcomes, patients must receive screening recommendations and counseling appropriate for their cancer risk.
Misdiagnoses of Tuberculosis Resulting From Laboratory Cross-Contamination of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cultures--New Jersey, 1998
Authors: K. Shilkret, Z. Liu, F. Santos, M. Dillon, M. E. Schulman, B. Kreiswirth, P. Bifani, S. Moghazeh, B. Mathema
Journal: JAMA (2000)