tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Chemistry for Students of Medicine.
Authors: Alexander Findlay
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drug points: Leflunomide can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin
Authors: V Lim
Journal: BMJ (2002)

pressant poisoning in people prescribed antidepressants is much higher. 5 Assuming that an average prescription is for one month's treatment, the fatal toxicity index of venlafaxine suggests that it will cause a death from poisoning about every 6000 patient years of use.Clinicians need to consider whether factors in their patients reduce or compensate for this risk before prescribing venlafaxine.
Understanding, recognizing, and managing toxicities of targeted anticancer therapies
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Advances in genomics and molecular biology have identified aberrant proteins in cancer cells that are attractive targets for cancer therapy. Because these proteins are overexpressed or dysregulated in cancer cells compared with normal cells, it was assumed that their inhibitors will be narrowly targeted and relatively nontoxic. However, this hope has not been achieved. Current targeted agents exhibit the same frequency and severity of toxicities as traditional cytotoxic agents, with the main difference being the nature of the toxic effects. Thus, the classical chemotherapy toxicities of alopecia, myelosuppression, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting have been generally replaced by vascular, dermatologic, endocrine, coagulation, immunologic, ocular, and pulmonary toxicities. These toxicities need to be recognized, prevented, and optimally managed. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:249–279. © 2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.
Statistics notes: Bayesians and frequentists
Authors: J M. Bland, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Patients on anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) therapy are at risk of developing drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Cytokeratin-18 (K18) is an exploratory DILI biomarker that has been developed predominately in Caucasian populations and not African populations in whom TB is common. Our aim was to determine the K18 concentration in different populations with mycobacterial infection and investigate whether K18 has potential as a biomarker of anti-TB DILI. European patients receiving anti-TB therapy were recruited at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (ALISTER - ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03211208). African patients with HIV-TB coinfection, receiving anti-TB and anti-retroviral therapy (ART), were recruited at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda (SAEFRIF - NCT03982277). Serial blood samples, demographic and clinical data were collected. K18 was quantified using the M65 ELISA. The study had 235 participants (healthy volunteers (n=28); ALISTER: active TB (n=30), latent TB (n=88), non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (n=25); SAEFRIF: HIV-TB coinfection (n=64)). There was no difference in K18 across the groups and treatment did not affect K18 in the absence of DILI. Alanine transaminase activity (ALT) and K18 were correlated (r=0.42, 95%CI=0.34-0.49, P&lt;0.0001). Variability was higher for K18 than ALT. There were two DILI cases: baseline ALT was 18 and 28 IU/1, peak ALT 431 and 194 IU/L; baseline K18 58 and 219 U/L, peak K18 1247 and 3490 U/L, respectively. Circulating K18 was comparable in UK and Ugandan patients. K18 correlated with ALT and increased with DILI. Further work should determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of K18 in this global context-of-use.
Amyloid production and deposition in mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mice
Authors: Bruce A. Lamb, Kimberly A. Bardel, Laura S. Kulnane, Jeff J. Anderson, Greg Holtz, Steven L. Wagner, Sangram S. Sisodia, Emily J. Hoeger
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (1999)
Abstract 19141: Oxidative Stress Contributes to Aneurysm Progression in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Fabian C Emrich, Kiril Penov, Mamoru Arakawa, Albert J Pedroza, Tiffany K Koyano, Chung-Jen Cheng, Young M Kim, Uwe Raaz, Matti Adam, Nooshin Beygui, Andrew J Connolly, Denis R Merk, Thilo Noack, Friedrich W Mohr, Michael P Fischbein
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Rationale: Patients with the Marfan syndrome (MFS) typically develop aneurysms of the aortic root/ascending aorta and require prophylactic surgery to prevent possible dissection or rupture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are substrates of oxidative stress and are believed to participate in multiple vascular pathologies, however their role in MFS aneurysm development remains to be defined.

Objective: In the present study we investigated the mechanistic link between ROS signaling and aortic aneurysm development utilizing a Fbn1C1039G/+ mouse model of MFS.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and lucigenin chemiluminescence, we detected significantly increased oxidative stress in the Fbn1C1039G/+ mouse ascending (AS) aorta (6.5±0.43-fold, p=0.04), and also confirmed in human aortic root aneurysm surgical specimens. To prove that ROS contributes to aneurysm development, we treated Fbn1C1039G/+ and wild type (WT) littermate control mice with the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor acetovanillone (apocynin) (100mg/kg/day) in the drinking water from age 3-12 weeks. Apocynin treatment significantly reduced oxygen radicals and NADPH-oxidase activity within the AS aortic wall. Notably, apocynin-treated Fbn1C1039G/+ mice had significantly reduced AS aneurysm size (1.57±0.02 mm vs. 1.84±0.08 mm at 12wks, p=0.02) and decreased aortic wall elastin fragmentation compared to Fbn1C1039G/+ control (drinking water only). Corroborating with reduced elastin breakdown noted in apocynin-treated mice, in situ zymography revealed decreased aortic wall matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity levels. Finally, to determine why ROS levels were increased in MFS, NADPH-oxidases (NOX 1-4) and superoxide-dismutases (SOD 1-3) were measured with qPCR. Interestingly, the antioxidants SOD 1-3 were significantly reduced in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice (SOD-1 4.7±0.31-fold, p<0.01; SOD-2 18.8±0.32-fold, p<0.01; SOD-3 48.5±0.16-fold, p<0.01).

Conclusion: Inhibition of NADPH-oxidase attenuates aneurysm formation in a Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan mouse model via decreased MMP-activation. Mechanistically, increased oxidative stress in the MFS aortic wall might be caused by impaired antioxidant regulation in the mutant genotype.
National, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19–35 Months — United States, 2014
Authors: Holly A. Hill, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, David Yankey, James A. Singleton, Maureen Kolasa
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States has been described as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the first decade of the 21st century. A recent analysis concluded that routine childhood vaccination will prevent 322 million cases of disease and about 732,000 early deaths among children born during 1994-2013, for a net societal cost savings of $1.38 trillion. The National Immunization Survey (NIS) has monitored vaccination coverage among U.S. children aged 19-35 months since 1994. This report presents national, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage estimates for children born from January 2011 through May 2013, based on data from the 2014 NIS. For most vaccinations, there was no significant change in coverage between 2013 and 2014. The exception was hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), for which increases were observed in coverage with both ≥1 and ≥2 doses. As in previous years, <1% of children received no vaccinations. National coverage estimates indicate that the Healthy People 2020 target* of 90% was met for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine (93.3%), ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.5%), ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (91.6%), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (91.0%). Coverage was below target for ≥4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, hepatitis B (HepB) birth dose,† ≥4 doses pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), ≥2 doses of HepA, the full series of rotavirus vaccine, and the combined vaccine series.§ Examination of coverage by child's race/ethnicity revealed lower estimated coverage among non-Hispanic black children compared with non-Hispanic white children for several vaccinations, including DTaP, the full series of Hib, PCV, rotavirus vaccine, and the combined series. Children from households classified as below the federal poverty level had lower estimated coverage for almost all of the vaccinations assessed, compared with children living at or above the poverty level. Significant variation in coverage by state¶ was observed for several vaccinations, including HepB birth dose, HepA, and rotavirus. High vaccination coverage must be maintained across geographic and sociodemographic groups if progress in reducing the impact of vaccine-preventable diseases is to be sustained.
Abstract 11712: Plasma Mid-Regional Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Improve Discrimination of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ian C Chang, Lin Y Chen, Jenny P Chong, Erin Austin, Chwee N Quay, Lingli Gong, Arthur M Richards, Lieng H Ling
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide is increased in common atrial fibrillation (AF in older patients with established risk factors). It is unknown whether mid-regional pro-ANP (MRproANP) is associated with lone AF (LAF). We evaluated the association and discriminative ability of MRproANP for LAF, and compared it with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). Methods: We enrolled patients with LAF (<60 years without hypertension, diabetes, or structural heart disease) and age-, sex-matched non-AF controls. Biomarkers were measured in sinus rhythm. We used logistic regression to assess the association between biomarkers and LAF, and a stepwise selection method to fit the most parsimonious clinical and echocardiographic model to predict LAF. Biomarkers were analyzed as continuous variables, where the natural log (ln) of the biomarkers was used. To assess model discrimination, we estimated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results: We enrolled 81 LAF and 81 controls (median age, 49 and 48 ...
Adenosine as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kenneth W Mahaffey, Joseph A Puma, N.Alejandro Barbagelata, Marcelo F DiCarli, Massoud A Leesar, Kevin F Browne, Paul R Eisenberg, Roberto Bolli, A.Cecilia Casas, Victor Molina-Viamonte, Cesare Orlandi, Roger Blevins, Raymond J Gibbons, Robert M Califf, Christopher B Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Abstract P235: Association of Lipid Related Genetic Variants and Hypertriglyceridemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from a Chinese Population
Authors: Xiaomu Kong, Xuelian Zhang, Qi Zhao, Jiang He, Li Chen, Zhigang Zhao, Qiang Li, Jiapu Ge, Gang Chen, Xiaohui Guo, Juming Lu, Jianping Weng, Weiping Jia, Linong Ji, Jianzhong Xiao, Zhongyan Shan, Jie Liu, Haoming Tian, Qiuhe Ji, Dalong Zhu, Zhiguang Zhou, Guangliang Shan, Wenying Yang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Previous studies have showed that hypertriglyceridemia may be a stronger risk factor for coronary heart disease in diabetic patients than non-diabetic individuals. Multiple genomic loci have been identified to be associated with lipid levels among general populations by genome-wide association studies. It is unclear about their effects on lipid levels among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of lipid related genomic loci and hypertriglyceridemia (defined as triglycerides ≥ 1.70mmol/L or taking lipid-lowering medications) among 5,338 T2D patients from China. We genotyped 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near ABCA1 , DOCK7 , TOMM40 , GCKR , HNF1A , HNF4A , LDLR , BAZ1B and BUD13 genes. Under an additive genetic model, logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of these genomic loci with hypertriglyceridemia and the triglycerides level (among 4,908 individuals without taking any lipid-lowering medications) with adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, respectively. Five SNPs near ABCA1 (rs3890182), TOMM40 (rs157580), GCKR (rs780094), BAZ1B (rs2240466) and BUD13 (rs28927680) genes were significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia among T2D patients (OR [95% CI] = 0.79 [0.67, 0.93] for per A allele of rs3890182, P = 4.03х10 -3 ; 1.13 [1.04, 1.22] for per A allele of rs157580, P = 2.81х10 -3 ; 0.87 [0.80, 0.94] for per G allele of rs780094, P = 4.26х10 -4 ; 0.77 [0.68, 0.87] for per T allele of rs2240466, P = 1.28х10 -5 ; 3.83 [1.39, 10.50] for per C allele of rs28927680, P = 9.27х10 -3 ). Six SNPs within or near ABCA1 , GCKR , BAZ1B , TOMM40 , HNF1A and LDLR were significantly associated with the triglycerides level. For example, minor alleles of GCKR and BAZ1B were associated with lower triglycerides level (β [SE] = -0.025 [0.005] for per G allele of rs780094, P = 7.88х10 -7 ; -0.035 [0.007] for per T allele of rs2240466, P = 2.03х10 -6 ). To test the robustness of these findings, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to only include newly diagnosed T2D patients (2,646 out of 4,908 patients without taking any lipid-lowering medications). The associations between ABCA1, TOMM40 , GCKR and BAZ1B with hypertriglyceridemia maintained significant ( P value ranged from 7.79х10 -4 to 1.29х10 -2 ), as well as their associations with the triglycerides level ( P value ranged from 2.76х10 -5 to 2.89х10 -2 ). In conclusion, our study provides the first data for the effects of lipid-related genomic loci on hypertriglyceridemia and the triglycerides level among T2D patients of the Chinese population. Further studies were warranted to replicate these findings.
The treatment of refractory ascites by the LeVeen shunt
Authors: P. Bories, D. Garcia Compean, H. Michel, M. Bourel, J.P. Capron, A. Gauthier, J. Lafon, V.G. Lévy, J.P. Pascal, A. Quinton, B. Toumieux, J.P. Weill
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
Operator Volume and Clinical Outcomes of Primary Coronary Angioplasty for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky, R. Adams Dudley
Journal: Circulation (2001)

n inverse relationship between the annual number of patients treated by a hospital or physician and rates of mortality and complications has been repeatedly documented.These volume-outcome relationships have been explored in particular detail in cardiovascular medicine, including for procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery and coronary angioplasty and conditions such as acute myocardial infarction.There is considerable controversy regarding how these data should be interpreted and, in particular, whether policies should be based on hospital or physician volume.In the present issue of Circulation, Vakili and associates 1 present data on the effect of operator volume on the outcome of primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.To place this study in context, we will first review the data on volume-outcome relationships, then assess why these relationships exist, and finally discuss what policies might be based on these findings.
Tobacco Brand Appearances in Movies Before and After the Master Settlement Agreement
Authors: Anna M. Adachi-Mejia, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Gibson, Michael L. Beach, Linda T. Titus-Ernstoff, Todd F. Heatherton, James D. Sargent
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutation of the gene encoding human TTF-2 associated with thyroid agenesis, cleft palate and choanal atresia
Authors: Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh, John M. Wentworth, Peter Heinz, Michele S. Crisp, Rhys John, John H. Lazarus, Marian Ludgate, V. Krishna Chatterjee
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Abstract A19: Expression of BRAFV600E in melanocytes induces Schwannian differentiation in vivo
Authors: Jodie R. Pietruska, Chi Luo, Philip W. Hinds
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Transgenic mice expressing BRAFV600E targeted to melanocytes via the tyrosinase promoter display hyperpigmentation of the skin, ears, tail, and paws, as well as profound graying of the hair, benign melanocytic hyperplasias and a low frequency of spontaneous melanomas on a mixed genetic background. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of BRAFV600E-induced alterations in skin and hair, mice were backcrossed extensively onto a C57BL/6 background. Backcrossed BRAFV600E mice retained the phenotype of mixed background transgenic animals with respect to skin hyperpigmentation as well as premature hair graying. Analysis of skin samples from mice of different ages revealed an accumulation and mislocalization of hyperproliferative melanocytes, suggesting a developmental defect in melanocyte homing to hair follicles in response to activated BRAF. Moreover, melanocytic lesions in the skin developed into benign tumors resembling nerve sheath tumors of Schwannian origin, presumably due to the phenotypic switching of melanocytes into Schwann cells in response to chronic BRAFV600E stimulation. These benign tumors seldom progressed to melanoma in the absence of Akt pathway activation. A role for Akt activation in repressing the Schwannian differentiation program is suggested, as treatment of melanoma-derived cell lines with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 results in elevated expression of Schwannian lineage markers at the transcript level. Therefore, in addition to induction of oncogene-induced senescence, eliciting lineage-switching from melanocytes into Schwann cells in response to oncogenic BRAF represents a potential tumor suppression mechanism to protect melanocytes from transformation, and repression of this phenotypic switch via activation of the Akt pathway may facilitate the ability of BRAFV600E to drive melanomagenesis. Citation Format: Jodie R. Pietruska, Chi Luo, Philip W. Hinds. Expression of BRAFV600E in melanocytes induces Schwannian differentiation in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
Adalimumab for psoriasis: practical experience in a U.K. tertiary referral centre
Authors: R.B. Warren, B.C. Brown, D. Lavery, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

There are few reports of the practical use of adalimumab outside of a clinical trial setting and, to our knowledge, none from the U.K.We assessed the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in a cohort of patients with severe psoriasis attending a tertiary dermatology referral centre in the U.K.A retrospective case-note review was used to identify all patients initiated on adalimumab for psoriasis. RESI;TS: Baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was 24+/-11 (range 9-54; n=46). After 4 months' treatment with adalimumab 64% (29/45), of patients had achieved PASI 75 (75% decrease from baseline) whilst 80% (36/45) of patients met NICE criteria for continuation of treatment. Therapy was well-tolerated. Importantly, 68% (21/31) of patients who had previously received another tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor met NICE criteria for continuation of treatment at 16 weeks.In a cohort of U.K. patients with severe psoriasis, adalimumab has proved to be a significant addition to the expanding armamentarium of biologics for psoriasis. Pharmacovigilance, in the form of registries, is essential to assess the long-term safety of such drugs.
Abstract 380: Discovery of new epigenetic drugs among FDA-approved drug libraries
Authors: Noël J. Raynal, Justin T. Lee, Youjun Wang, Judith Garriga, Gabriel Malouf, Sarah Dumont, Elisha J. Dettman, Vazganush Gharibyan, Saira Ahmed, Woonbok Chung, Wayne E. Childers, Magid Abou-Gharbia, Ryan A. Henry, Andrew Andrews, Jaroslav Jelinek, Ying Cui, Stephen B. Baylin, Donald L. Gill, Jean-Pierre J. Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Targeting epigenetic pathways to induce tumor suppressor gene reactivation is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Epigenetic drugs produce impressive responses in some patients; however, treatment options are limited to a small number of drugs. We screened drug libraries for epigenetic activity using a live cell-based assay. We found that around 1% of US-FDA approved drugs have significant epigenetic activity detected by GFP reactivation of a DNA methylated and silenced promoter in colon cancer cells. Newly identified drugs, most prominently cardiac glycosides, induced tumor suppressor gene reactivation and showed selective anticancer apoptosis induction. These drugs did not change DNA methylation or histone acetylation globally but induced gene reactivation and cancer cell killing through calcium signaling leading to nuclear exclusion of chromatin repressors. Our data identify new epigenetic drugs that can be rapidly repurposed for cancer clinical trials and raise questions about the safety of commonly used medications. Citation Format: Noël J. Raynal, Justin T. Lee, Youjun Wang, Judith Garriga, Gabriel Malouf, Sarah Dumont, Elisha J. Dettman, Vazganush Gharibyan, Saira Ahmed, Woonbok Chung, Wayne E. Childers, Magid Abou-Gharbia, Ryan A. Henry, Andrew Andrews, Jaroslav Jelinek, Ying Cui, Stephen B. Baylin, Donald L. Gill, Jean-Pierre J. Issa. Discovery of new epigenetic drugs among FDA-approved drug libraries. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-380