MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA OCCURRING WITH THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOPERITONEUM: REPORT OF TEN CASES
Authors: M N TOWBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Article1 September 1951MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA OCCURRING WITH THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOPERITONEUM: REPORT OF TEN CASESMILTON N. TOWBIN, M.D.MILTON N. TOWBIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-3-555 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI. REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREFor over a hundred years physicians have recognized that mediastinal emphysema may occur following severe straining, pulmonary disease or trauma of the chest. Laennec1in 1819 briefly referred to this complication in his first treatise on diseases of the chest, and in 1826 accurately described it under the heading "Emphyséme Interlobulaire du Poumon."2These observations were later confirmed by Skoda,3and in 1856 Rokitansky4explained the pathologic anatomy of this condition resulting from ulceration of the trachea or pulmonary trauma. Müller5in 1888 discussed its diagnostic features and also postulated a mechanism of production similar...Bibliography1. Laennec RT: De l'auscultation médiate ou traité du diagnostic des maladies des poumons et du coeur, Vol. 1, 1819, J. A. Brosson et J. S. Chaudé, Paris, p. 213. Google Scholar2. Laennec RT: Traité de l'auscultation médiate et des maladies des poumons et du coeur, Seconde Edition Entierement Refondue, Vol. 1, 1826, J. S. Chaudé, Paris, p. 338. Google Scholar3. Skoda J: Abhandlung über Perkussion und Auskultation, 1839, Braumüller, Wien, p. 230. Google Scholar4. Rokitansky C: Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie, 3rd Ed., 1856, Wilhelm Braumüller, Wein 2: 12. Google Scholar5. Müller F: Ueber Emphysem des Mediastinum, Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 25: 205, 1888. Google Scholar6. Boehme GF: A case of true mediastinal emphysema, M. Rec. 95: 1052, 1919. Google Scholar7. Caldwell HW: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, J. A. M. A. 116: 301, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. WolferthWood CCFC: Angina pectoris, M. Clin. North America 13: 997, 1930. Google Scholar9. SchwartzMcIlroyWarren BMGHHA: Acute mediastinal emphysema, Ann. Int. Med. 25: 663, 1946. LinkGoogle Scholar10. Faust RC: Subcutaneous emphysema during labor, Northwest Med. 39: 24, 1924. Google Scholar11. Nussbaum FH: Subcutaneous emphysema during labor, Brit. M. J. 2: 1169, 1937. MedlineGoogle Scholar12. Stanley R: Interstitial emphysema during labour, Brit. M. J. 1: 477, 1943. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. Greene JA: Unusual sounds emanating from the chest: cause and diagnostic significance of bubbling, clicking, crunching, knocking, and tapping sounds; with a report of two cases of interstitial emphysema of the lung and mediastinum, Arch. Int. Med. 71: 410, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. Lorge HJ: The etiology of spontaneous pneumothorax, Am. J. M. Sc. 199: 635, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. Griffin RJ: Spontaneous pneumothorax, Kentucky M. J. 39: 284, 1941. Google Scholar16. Kahn IS: Idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax apparently non-tuberculous, J. A. M. A. 80: 1060, 1923. CrossrefGoogle Scholar17. Meek EM: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema: summary and report of a case, South M. J. 35: 990, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar18. Clerf LH: Subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of a foreign body in the bronchus, Ann. Otol., Rhin. and Laryng. 44: 366, 1935. Google Scholar19. FisherMacklin JHCC: Pulmonary interstitial and mediastinal emphysema: report of a fatal case in which the emphysema occurred in a child as a result of the aspiration of peanut fragments, Am. J. Dis. Child. 60: 102, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar20. McCannPurcell WCW: Subcutaneous emphysema in a newborn infant, J. Pediat. 14: 805, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar21. Fisher JH: Spontaneous pulmonary interstitial and mediastinal emphysema in an infant, Canad. M. A. J. 44: 27, 1941. MedlineGoogle Scholar22. GumbinerCutler BMM: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the newborn, J. A. M. A. 117: 2050, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar23. SmithBowser ABSF: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (mediastinal emphysema) with reports of two cases in infants, Radiology 38: 314, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar24. BerkleyCoffen HKTH: Generalized interstitial emphysema and spontaneous pneumothorax as complications of bronchopneumonia, J. A. M. A. 72: 535, 1919. CrossrefGoogle Scholar25. TorreyGrosh RGLC: Acute pulmonary emphysema observed during the epidemic of influenzal pneumonia at Camp Hancock, Georgia, Am. J. M. Sc. 157: 170, 1919. CrossrefGoogle Scholar26. Kelman SR: Experimental emphysema, Arch. Int. Med. 24: 332, 1919. CrossrefGoogle Scholar27. Bullowa JG: Tissue emphysema in influenza, M. Rec. 95: 346, 1919. Google Scholar28. ClarkSynnott EMJ: Influenza-pneumonia cases showing gas in the fascial tissues, Am. J. M. Sc. 158: 219, 1919. CrossrefGoogle Scholar29. NeffsonBullowa AHJG: Influenza with simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, Arch. Otolaryng. 28: 388, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar30. FaulknerWagner WBRS: Fatal spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in an asthmatic, J. Allergy 8: 267, 1937. CrossrefGoogle Scholar31. RosenbergRosenberg LJ: Subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchial asthma, Am. J. M. Sc. 195: 682, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar32. ElliotSheff RWMB: Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax in bronchial asthma, Lancet 1: 1104, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar33. AisnerFranco MJE: Mediastinal emphysema, New England J. Med. 241: 818, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar34. MeadStafford RHFB: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema in pulmonary tuberculosis: report of a case successfully treated by operation, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 21: 579, 1930. Google Scholar35. SokoloffFerrell MJJT: Spontaneous pneumothorax in anthracosilicosis, J. A. M. A. 112: 156, 1939. Google Scholar36. Kirschner JJ: Spontaneous pneumothorax: aetiological considerations, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 40: 477, 1939. Google Scholar37. Moorman LJ: Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in silicosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 42: 412, 1940. Google Scholar38. Jessup PW: Mediastinal emphysema, Arch. Surg. 23: 761, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar39. Graebner H: Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in cases of acute obstructive laryngitis, Arch. Otolaryng. 29: 446, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar40. DolgopolStern VBME: Interstitial emphysema of the lung with spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema: demonstration of air in septums of human lung, Arch. Otolaryng. 31: 140, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar41. MasseyOldershaw AHL: Surgical emphysema as a complication of measles, Brit. M. J. 1: 60, 1933. Google Scholar42. Wilkinson P: Subcutaneous emphysema in smallpox, Brit. M. J. 2: 56, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar43. MontoWoodall RWPS: Mediastinal emphysema resulting from exposure to a pulmonary irritant, War Med. 6: 251, 1944. Google Scholar44. ReesHughes WAGS: Wounds of the chest as seen at an advanced operating centre, Lancet 1: 55, 1918. CrossrefGoogle Scholar45. Atkinson JM: Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema, Am. J. Surg. 27: 508, 1935. CrossrefGoogle Scholar46. Bisshopp : Extensive emphysema with severe collapse from the passage of a cartwheel over the thorax treated at once with marked relief with multiple punctures of the skin, Brit. M. J. 1: 163, 1884. Google Scholar47. HadfieldSwainRossDrury-White GRHJMJM: Blast from high explosives, Lancet 2: 478, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar48. Osborne GR: Pulmonary concussion, "blast," Brit. M. J. 1: 506, 1941. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar49. AlexanderFollett MEEC: Subcutaneous emphysema: with the report of several cases particularly one with very extensive generalized emphysema, J. A. M. A. 72: 930, 1919. CrossrefGoogle Scholar50. GardnerJones WCJG: Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema and review of the literature, J. A. M. A. 76: 503, 1921. CrossrefGoogle Scholar51. Buford C: The entrance of air into the mediastinum during operations on the base of neck, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 26: 540, 1918. Google Scholar52. Gold E: Ueber mediastinal Emphysem nach Strumektomie, Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 37: 352, 1924. Google Scholar53. Keen JA: Tonsillectomy in childhood, J. Laryng. and Otol. 47: 1, 1932. CrossrefGoogle Scholar54. GrahamSingerBallon EAJJHC: Surgical diseases of the chest, 1935, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 195. Google Scholar55. Stephens HB: A consideration of contralateral pneumothorax as a complication of intrathoracic operations, J. Thoracic Surg. 5: 471, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar56. Michels MW: Pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema complicating tracheotomy, Arch. Otolaryng. 29: 842, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar57. Barrie HJ: Interstitial emphysema and pneumothorax after operations on the neck, Lancet 1: 996, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar58. AckermanBricker LUEM: Mediastinal emphysema and bilateral pneumothorax following radical dissection of the neck, Arch. Surg. 43: 445, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar59. Work WP: Mediastinal emphysema and bilateral simultaneous pneumothorax complicating tracheotomy in an adult, Arch. Otolaryng. 37: 526, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar60. Neffson AH: Tension pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema after tracheotomy, Arch. Otolaryng. 37: 23, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar61. MarcottePhillipsAdamsLivingstone RJFJWEH: Differential intrabronchial pressures and mediastinal emphysema, J. Thoracic Surg. 9: 346, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar62. WilsonJones CARG: Rupture of mediastinum during artificial pneumothorax, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 3: 44, 1919. Google Scholar63. ParfittCrombie CDDW: Five years experience with artificial pneumothorax, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 3: 85, 1919. Google Scholar64. Ehrenburg GE: Emphysema of the mediastinum as a complication of artificial pneumothorax, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 26: 738, 1932. Google Scholar65. Matsuzawa D: Mediastinal emphysema as a complication of artificial pneumothorax: report of a case, Quart. Bull., Sea View Hosp. 2: 173, 1937. Google Scholar66. Hamman L: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lungs, Tr. A. Am. Physicians 52: 311, 1937. Google Scholar67. Hamman L: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 64: 1, 1939. Google Scholar68. Hamman L: Note on mechanism of spontaneous pneumothorax, Ann. Int. Med. 13: 923, 1939. LinkGoogle Scholar69. Hamman L: Mediastinal emphysema, J. A. M. A. 128: 1, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar70. Kirschner JJ: Spontaneous pneumothorax, Am. J. M. Sc. 196: 804, 1938. Google Scholar71. Scott AM: The significance of the anginal syndrome in acute spontaneous pneumomediastinum, Lancet 1: 1327, 1937. CrossrefGoogle Scholar72. MoreySosman JBME: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Radiology 32: 19, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar73. McGuireBean JWB: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lungs, Am. J. M. Sc. 197: 502, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar74. Wolff BP: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Ann. Int. Med. 13: 1250, 1940. LinkGoogle Scholar75. Pinckney MM: Mediastinal emphysema and idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax, Virginia M. Monthly 68: 315, 1941. Google Scholar76. Mathews E: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, New Orleans M. and S. J. 93: 523, 1941. Google Scholar77. Miller I: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lungs, Ohio State M. J. 37: 1056, 1941. Google Scholar78. Styron CW: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, New England J. Med. 225: 908, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar79. MurphyZeiss JBLB: Spontaneous interstitial mediastinal emphysema, J. Missouri M. A. 39: 5, 1942. Google Scholar80. Schwemlein GX: Pulmonic interstitial emphysema and anterior mediastinal emphysema, Ohio State M. J. 38: 932, 1942. Google Scholar81. Griffin RJ: A diagnostic sign of spontaneous interstitial emphysema, Ann. Int. Med. 17: 295, 1942. LinkGoogle Scholar82. Kellog DS: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (mediastinal emphysema), Am. J. Roentgenol. 68: 510, 1942. Google Scholar83. MonroeWebb DSGA: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Canad. M. A. J. 48: 232, 1943. MedlineGoogle Scholar84. Lintz RM: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Arch. Int. Med. 71: 256, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar85. Adcock JD: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lung with mediastinal, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous emphysema, Arch. Int. Med. 71: 650, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar86. Cowart JT: Mediastinal emphysema; report of two cases, U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 43: 119, 1944. Google Scholar87. Miller H: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Ann. Int. Med. 21: 998, 1944. LinkGoogle Scholar88. Miller H: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema with pneumothorax simulating organic heart disease, Am. J. M. Sc. 209: 211, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar89. Shendstock JD: Recurrent subcutaneous emphysema of the mediastinum with concomitant pneumothorax, New England J. Med. 235: 511, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar90. VanderLannMaresh WPG: Significance of mediastinal emphysema: report of two cases, New England J. Med. 235: 617, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar91. FaginSchwab IDEH: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema, Ann. Int. Med. 24: 1052, 1946. LinkGoogle Scholar92. McCabe ES: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of lung simulating organic heart disease, Am. Heart J. 34: 729, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar93. Dickie HA: Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema and spontaneous pneumothorax: report of twenty cases, Ann. Int. Med. 28: 618, 1948. LinkGoogle Scholar94. Nothnagel H: Encyclopedia of practical medicine: diseases of the stomach, 1903, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, New York and London, p. 597. Google Scholar95. Demarquay J: Essai de pneumatologie médicale, Paris, 1866, cited by Nothnagel. Google Scholar96. Roger : De l'emphyséme généralisé, Arch. gén. de méd., 1862, cited by Nothnagel. Google Scholar97. Erichsen JE: Perineal emphysema spreading to upper parts of the body from puncture of the bladder through the rectum, Lancet 1: 89, 1860. CrossrefGoogle Scholar98. Newman AJ: General emphysema following rupture of the stomach, Lancet 2: 728, 1868. Google Scholar99. Poensgen E: Das subcutane Emphysem nach Continuitätstrennungen des Digestionstractus, insbesondere des Magens, Inaug. Diss., Strassburg, 1879, cited by Nothnagel. Google Scholar100. Nelson HG: Free gas in the peritoneum and subsequent subcutaneous emphysema, Brit. M. J. 2: 280, 1920. MedlineGoogle Scholar101. McCorkleStevenson HJ: Subcutaneous emphysema associated with perforated peptic ulcer, Surgery 2: 930, 1937. Google Scholar102. Korach S: Zur Frage des Hauptemphysems nach Perforation gastroduodenaler Geschwüre, Zentralbl. f. Chir. 54: 1489, 1927, cited by McCorkle and Stevenson. Google Scholar103. HurstStewart AFMJ: Gastric and duodenal ulcer, 1929, Oxford University Press, New York and London, p. 321. Google Scholar104. Faber : Emphysem des Mediastinums und der der äusseren Haut in Folge von Perforation eines Magengeschwürs ins Mediastinum, Med. Cor.-Bl d. würtemb. ärztl. Ver. 55: 315, 1885, cited by Hurst and Stewart. Google Scholar105. Ewald CA: Real-Encyclopädie der gesammten Heilkunde 14: 297, 1897, cited by Hurst and Stewart. Google Scholar106. Andrews EW: Pneumatic rupture of intestine—a new type of industrial accident, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 12: 63, 1911. Google Scholar107. Cotton FJ: Rupture of the bowel from compressed air; operation; recovery, Boston M. and S. J. 166: 562, 1912. CrossrefGoogle Scholar108. BendixenBlything PAJD: Pneumatic rupture of the bowel, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 18: 73, 1914. Google Scholar109. Buchbinder JR: A fatal joke; pneumatic rupture of the intestine, Lancet 1: 816, 1921. Google Scholar110. Hailes WA: Rupture of the bowels by compressed air, M. J. Australia 2: 538, 1921. CrossrefGoogle Scholar111. Hayes GL: Pneumatic rupture of the bowel, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 93: 491, 1926. Google Scholar112. Speed K: Aerocele of the scrotum, S. Clin. North America 11: 29, 1931. Google Scholar113. Vigyázó J: Emphysema as a sign of ulcer perforation, Zentralbl. f. Chir. 53: 1627, 1926 (abstracted in J. A. M. A. 87: 986, 1926.) Google Scholar114. Podlaha J: Zur Frage des subkutanen Emphysems bei perforatierten gastroduodenalen Geschwüren, Zentralbl. f. Chir. 53: 2839, 1926, cited by McCorkle and Stevenson. Google Scholar115. BrownFine SA: Diffuse emphysema following a double contrast enema, Radiology 37: 228, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar116. Von Mosetig-Moorhof : Zur Therapie der Peritonealtuberkulose, Wien. med. Presse 34: 1053, 1893. Google Scholar117. Smith CM: Bilateral pneumothorax as a fatal complication of diagnostic pneumoperitoneum, Brit. M. J. 2: 404, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar118. Banyai AL: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of tuberculous entero-colitis, Am. J. M. Sc. 182: 352, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar119. Banyai AL: Direct and indirect pneumoperitoneum incidental to artificial pneumothorax, Am. J. M. Sc. 186: 513, 1933. CrossrefGoogle Scholar120. TrimbleWardrip HGBH: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 36: 111, 1937. Google Scholar121. Fremmel F: Phrenicectomy reinforced by pneumoperitoneum, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 36: 488, 1937. Google Scholar122. Trimble HG: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Dis. of Chest 4: 18, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar123. Stokes JB: Pneumoperitoneum for pulmonary compression, Illinois M. J. 73: 137, 1938. Google Scholar124. Hobby AW: Pneumoperitoneum—adjunct to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Dis. of Chest 4: 18, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar125. Mellies CJ: Pneumoperitoneum with an unusual complication, J. Missouri M. A. 36: 430, 1939. Google Scholar126. BrianRicen EGE: Role of pneumoperitoneum in collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis, U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 37: 591, 1939. Google Scholar127. TrimbleEatonMoore HGJLG: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: local effects on the peritoneum, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 39: 528, 1939. Google Scholar128. WarringThomas FCRN: Spontaneous air embolism observed in a case of pneumoperitoneum, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 42: 683, 1940. Google Scholar129. Harrell CL: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis, Dis. of Chest 6: 273, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar130. Dongrey LR: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, J. Indian M. A. 9: 421, 1940. Google Scholar131. Dongrey LR: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, Indian M. Gaz. 76: 587, 1941. MedlineGoogle Scholar132. BrianRicen EGE: Collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis by pneumoperitoneum, U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 39: 391, 1941. Google Scholar133. RilanceWarring ABFC: Pneumoperitoneum supplementing phrenic paralyses, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 44: 323, 1941. Google Scholar134. Fowler WO: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 44: 474, 1941. Google Scholar135. Woodford LG: Pneumoperitoneum with phrenic paralysis, Dis. of Chest 8: 296, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar136. Ricen E: Pneumoperitoneum in the collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Advantage of helium as a substitute for air: preliminary report, U. S. Nav. M. Bull. 40: 853, 1942. Google Scholar137. Clifford-JonesMacDonald EN: Pneumoperitoneum in collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis, Tubercle 24: 97, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar138. Rudman IE: Scope and limitations of artificial pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Tuberculology 6: 75, 1943. Google Scholar139. Tempel CW: Artificial pneumoperitoneum: its place in collapse therapy, Tuberculology 6: 116, 1943. Google Scholar140. McShane PI: Therapeutic pneumoperitoneum in pulmonary tuberculosis, Tuberculology 6: 123, 1943. Google Scholar141. MontoBradford RWHA: Scrotal pneumocele as a complication of artificial pneumoperitoneum, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 47: 537, 1943. Google Scholar142. Crow HE: Pneumoperitoneum, a form of compression therapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, J. M. A. Georgia 33: 169, 1944. Google Scholar143. CrowWhelchel HEFC: Diaphragmatic paralysis and pneumoperitoneum, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 52: 367, 1945. MedlineGoogle Scholar144. AndersonWinn NLWD: Pneumoperitoneum and diaphragmatic paralysis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 52: 380, 1945. MedlineGoogle Scholar145. RilanceWarring ABFC: Pneumoperitoneum supplementing phrenic paralysis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 49: 353, 1945. Google Scholar146. AslettJarman ETF: Reaction after pneumoperitoneum treatment, Lancet 1: 304, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar147. EdwardsLogan PWJ: Pneumoperitoneum in pulmonary tuberculosis, Tubercle 26: 11, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar148. Morris E: Induced pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis in children, Dis. of Chest 12: 121, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar149. BanyaiJurgens ALGH: Mediastinal emphysema as a complication of artificial pneumoperitoneum, J. Thoracic Surg. 8: 329, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar150. Banyai AL: Pneumoperitoneum treatment, 1946, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, p. 114. Google Scholar151. Simmonds FA: Air embolism and pneumomediastinum in artificial pneumoperitoneum, Lancet 1: 530, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar152. MitchellHiattMcCainEasomThomas RSJSPPHFCD: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: results in 710 cases from 1937-1946, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 55: 306, 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar153. TrimbleEatonCrenshawGourley HGJLGLI: Pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 57: 433, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar154. CalixJacobs AS: Pneumoperitoneum, Dis. of Chest 14: 233, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar155. Moyer RE: Pneumoperitoneum and phreniclasia, Dis. of Chest 15: 43, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar156. HabeebReiser WJHG: Pneumoperitoneum with phrenic paralysis for pulmonary tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 61: 323, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar157. JehnNissen WR: Pathologic und Klinik des Mediastinal-emphysems, Deutsche Ztschr. f. Chir. 206: 221, 1927. CrossrefGoogle Scholar158. JoannidesTsoulos MGD: The etiology of interstitial and mediastinal emphysema, Arch. Surg. 21: 333, 1930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar159. MacklinMacklin CCMT: Pulmonic interstitial emphysema and its sequelae: anatomical interpretation, In Essays in Biology in honor of Herbert M. Evans, 1934, University of California Press, Berkeley, p. 337. Google Scholar160. Macklin CC: Pneumothorax with massive collapse from experimental local over-inflation of lung substance, Canad. M. A. J. 36: 414, 1937. MedlineGoogle Scholar161. Macklin CC: Transport of air along sheaths of pulmonic blood vessels from alveoli to mediastinum: clinical complications, Arch. Int. Med. 64: 913, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar162. MacklinMacklin MTCC: Malignant interstitial emphysema of the lungs and mediastinum as an important occult complication in many respiratory diseases and other conditions: an interpretation of the clinical literature in the light of laboratory experiment, Medicine 23: 281, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar163. Joannides M: The relation of the hiatus esophagus of the diaphragm to the stomach: an important function of the pillars of the diaphragm, Ann. Int. Med. 43: 61, 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar164. Gray H: Anatomy of the human body, 1942, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 402. Google Scholar165. BallonFrancis HCBF: Consequences of variation in mediastinal pressure: mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, Arch. Surg. 19: 1627, 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar166. Beardsley EJ: Pneumothorax with acute abdominal symptoms, New York M. J. 12: 183, 1911. Google Scholar167. OeschliSkillen WRJ: Spontaneous pneumothorax with acute abdominal symptoms, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 26: 67, 1933. Google Scholar168. SteigmannSinger FHA: Spontaneous pneumothorax simulating acute abdominal affections, Am. J. M. Sc. 192: 67, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar169. Beatty GA: Benign spontaneous pneumothorax, Dis. of Chest 4: 15, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar170. Smith SM: Pericardial knock, Brit. M. J. 1: 78, 1918. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar171. Lister WA: A case of pericardial knock associated with spontaneous pneumothorax, Lancet 1: 1225, 1928. CrossrefGoogle Scholar172. ScaddingWood JGP: Systolic click due to left sided pneumothorax, Lancet 2: 1208, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar173. Hamman L: Remarks on diagnosis of coronary occlusion, Ann. Int. Med. 8: 417, 1934. LinkGoogle Scholar174. James WB: Pneumopericardium, Tr. A. Am. Physicians 19: 351, 1904. Google Scholar175. Shakelford RT: Hydropneumopericardium: report of a case with summary of the literature, J. A. M. A. 96: 187, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar176. HarpPeeke VCES: Spontaneous pneumopericardium, Am. Heart J. 37: 134, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar177. Lages Netto DJ: Pneumopericardium in a forty-two day old infant, Am. J. Dis. Child. 67: 288, 1944. Google Scholar178. Mölnar J: Ueber Luftansammlung in Hertzbeutel, Fortschr. a. d. Geb. d. Röntgenstrahlen 36: 656, 1927, cited by Lages Netto. Google Scholar179. Ljungdahl M: Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. 111: 19, 1913, cited by Lages Netto and Hamman. Google Scholar180. Saupé E: Pneumoperikard mit linksseitigem Pneumothorax, Fortschr. a. d. Geb. d. Röntgenstrahlen 27: 488, 1920, cited by Rigler and Lages Netto. Google Scholar181. Lundie RA: A case of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumo-pericardium, Edinburgh M. J. 37: 220, 1891, cited by Shakelford. Google Scholar182. CowanHarringtonRiddell JAWJR: Pneumopericardium, Quart. J. Med. 7: 165, 1913-1914. Google Scholar183. Buzni NA: A case of pneumopericardium during bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax of different origin, Russkaya Klinika 13: 404, 1930. Google Scholar184. GhimusPopescu-Severin DA: Spontaneous pneumopericardium in a child five years old, Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 56: 363, 1932. Google Scholar185. Gilbert AA: Spontaneous pneumopericardium: with report of a case, J. Arkansas M. Soc. 35: 53, 1938. Google Scholar186. LevyCantor JR: Pneumopericardium, simple and complex forms, J. de méd. de Bourdeux 118: 373, 386, 1935, cited by Harp and Peeke. Google Scholar187. TrimbleEatonThompson GHJSK: Spontaneous pneumopericardium, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 45: 100, 1942. Google Scholar188. Rigler LG: Pneumopericardium, J. A. M. A. 84: 504, 1925. CrossrefGoogle Scholar189. Meigs JF: Case of pneumohydropericardium with remarks, Am. J. M. Sc. 69: 81, 1875. Google Scholar190. Petersen G: Ein Fall von ettrapericardialem Emphysem, Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 21: 669, 1884, cited by Shakelford. Google Scholar191. Mayer : Ztschr. f. klin. Med. 92: 236, 1921, cited by Rigler. Google Scholar192. Golden R: Diagnostic roentgenology, Vol. I, 1947, Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York and Edinburgh, p. 248. Google Scholar193. MasterDackKalterJaffe AMSHHHL: The significance of an absent or small initial positive deflection in the precordial lead, Am. Heart J. 14: 297, 1937. CrossrefGoogle Scholar194. Bourne G: Spontaneous pneumothorax simulating coronary disease, Brit. M. J. 2: 313, 1940. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar195. Littman D: Electrocardiographic phenomena associated with spontaneous pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema, Am. J. M. Sc. 212: 682, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar196. FeldmanSilverberg DC: Electrocardiographic changes in pulmonary collapse therapy: artificial pneumothorax, Am. Heart J. 35: 800, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar197. SilverbergKingslandFeldman CRD: Electrocardiographic changes in pulmonary collapse: artificial and spontaneous left sided pneumothorax studied by conventional and unipolar methods, Dis. of Chest 71: 181, 1950. CrossrefGoogle Scholar198. HoffmanPobirsMerliss AMFWR: Phonocardiogram in spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the mediastinum, Am. Heart J. 26: 686, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar199. GradraultChalmers GDM: Emergency treatment of traumatic emphysema of the mediastinum, New England J. Med. 224: 940, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar200. Ruben EH: Diseases of the chest with emphasis on x-ray diagnosis, 1947, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, p. 425. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MILTON N. TOWBIN, M.D.Affiliations: Denver, Colorado*Received for publication July 10, 1950.From the Tuberculosis Division, Medical Service, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado.†Resident in medicine, University of Colorado Medical Center. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byT315I+ tyrosine-kinase independent CML cells resistanceIdiopathic neonatal pneumoperitoneum, a case reportIdiopathic neonatal pneumoperitoneum with favorable outcome: A case report and reviewSpontaneous pneumoperitoneum and other nonsurgical causes of intraperitoneal free gasSubcutaneous Emphysema following Cytotoxie Drug TreatmentSubcutaneous emphysema of gastrointestinal origin: Report of four casesErkrankungen und Tumoren des MediastinumsMediastinal emphysema in infantsDie Verletzungen des MediastinumsSubcutaneous emphysema of gastrointestinal originMediastinal Emphysema and Its Occurrence in Artificial Pneumoperitoneum 1 September 1951Volume 35, Issue 3 Page: 555-592 Keywords Diagnostic medicine Diagnostic radiology Emphysema Hospital medicine Libraries Medical services Pulmonary diseases Thorax Trachea Ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...