tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital admission for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: B. J. Miller
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A critical window to recognise and modify the risk of mortality

The well documented association between serious mental illness, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and increased premature death from unnatural and natural causes is an important public health problem. In 2004-5 in England, the indirect costs of schizophrenia, including those associated with premature death, were estimated at £4.7bn (€5.7bn; $7.6bn).1 In 2002 in the United States, the indirect costs of death from suicide in patients with schizophrenia were estimated at $1.1bn.2 However, an important unresolved question is whether this “mortality gap” between people with and without serious mental illness is increasing over time? In the linked record linkage study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d5422), Hoang and colleagues use hospital episode statistics and death registration data in England to investigate this important question.3

It is inherently complex to study changes in mortality over time because of the potential for confounding, heterogeneity between studies (for example, differences in the length of follow-up and clinical status of the patients), and the potential lack of generalisability to other cohorts. For example, one meta-analysis found evidence for increasing all cause mortality over time in patients with schizophrenia,4 but another did not.5 Although standardised mortality ratios—the ratio of observed to expected deaths, where expected deaths are based …
4-Hexyl-1,3-phenylenediol, a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, improves photodamaged skin and clinical signs of ageing in a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: S. Kaur, M. Kizoulis, J. Fantasia, T. Oddos, N. Bigot, P. Galera, S. Tucker-Samaras, J.J. Leyden, M.D. Southall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway is a key mediator of inflammation; however, few studies have examined the direct effects of NF‐κB inhibition on the skin. To investigate NF‐κB activity in cultured human fibroblasts and to investigate the effects of 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐phenylenediol (an NF‐κB inhibitor) on elastin and collagen gene expression in vitro and on the clinical appearance of photodamaged skin. The amount and activity of NF‐κB in human fibroblasts obtained from donors (17–78 years old) was measured after transfection with a NF‐κB reporter and a luciferase promoter system. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Women with moderate skin photodamage were randomized to daily treatment with a topical lotion containing 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐phenylenediol (n =30) or vehicle (n =29) for 8 weeks, with clinical assessments at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. Fibroblasts obtained from donors older than 50 years had higher NF‐κB activity compared with cells from younger donors; inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway with 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐phenylenediol enhanced the expression of ECM genes. In women, treatment for 8 weeks with 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐phenylenediol significantly improved crow's feet fine lines, cheek wrinkles, age spots, mottled pigmentation and radiance compared with both the vehicle and baseline. Furthermore, treatment with 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐phenylenediol resulted in a twofold greater clinical improvement in overall photodamage compared with the vehicle group. Inhibition of the proinflammatory NF‐κB pathway resulted in increased expression of ECM proteins in vitro and significant clinical improvement in photodamaged skin.
RECONSTRUCTION OPERATION ON THE HIP
Authors: J. S. SPEED
Journal: JAMA (1926)

As the operative reconstruction of the hip joint has been developed, its use has broadened to include so many clinical conditions that it is manifestly impossible to cover all of the subjects in a paper of this type. Consequently, only the following conditions, which seem to be the most interesting and which perhaps have the broadest field of application, will be discussed: Congenital dislocation of the hip which cannot be reduced or cannot be held within the acetabulum after reduction. Paralytic dislocations in connection with poliomyelitis which completely dislocate or partially subluxate, giving an unstable hip. Ununited fractures of the neck of the femur after the possibility of bony union has passed. Much interesting work is being done in connection with other conditions, such as the painful hips in hypertrophic arthritis, unreduced traumatic dislocations and the pathologic dislocations associated with destructive lesions of the hip joint. Arthroplasties of the hip,
TAP polymorphism in patients with Behcet's disease.
Authors: M F Gonzalez-Escribano, J Morales, J R Garcia-Lozano, M J Castillo, J Sanchez-Roman, A Nunez-Roldan, B Sanchez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if susceptibility to Behçet9s disease (BD) is associated with polymorphism of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, DQB1, and TAP1 and TAP2 genes. METHODS--Fifty eight Spanish BD patients and 116 ethnically matched unrelated healthy subjects were typed at the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci using polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific oligotyping (PCR/SSO). TAP1 and TAP2 alleles were assigned using amplification refractory mutation system-PCR. RESULTS--TAP1C was absent in BD patients, but was found in 12.1% of control subjects (pcorr &lt; 0.05; relative risk = 0.06). Additionally, a linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DQB1*0501 and TAP2B was observed in BD patients (delta = 0.095, pcorr &lt; 0.02), but not in the control group (delta = -0.0031, p &gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--The complete absence of TAP1C alleles in BD patients may indicate that TAP1 polymorphism is not without some significance in the development of BD. Furthermore, the existence of a linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DQB1*0501 and TAP2B in our patients suggests that the gene conferring susceptibility for BD is inherited as an extended haplotype in the population studied.
Carotid artery stenting increased short-term risk for stroke or death more than endarterectomy in symptomatic carotid stenosis
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Carotid Stenting Trialists’ Collaboration, Bonati LH, Dobson J, et al. Short-term outcome after stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis: a preplanned meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet. 2010;376:1062-73. 20832852
Learning to treat those with alcohol problems
Authors: K. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Teaching medical students about alcoholism is a little like starting an exercise routine: It's something that should be done, but until it catches on, there may not be much support for it. For about the past decade, however, medical schools have been catching on, and many now offer clerkships, electives, and research awards in alcoholism and alcohol abuse. At least one program, operating out of Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, is continuing to support this trend. Established in 1977 with a grant from the Operation Cork program of the Joan B. Kroc Foundation, Project Cork (which is Kroc spelled backwards) set out to integrate alcoholism education into the Dartmouth curriculum (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:1686-1688). Last month, the foundation awarded another $1 million to the project, thereby establishing the Project Cork Institute and providing the "underpinning" for the continuation and expansion of project activities, says Jean Kinney, MSW, codirector of the
Cost-Effectiveness of Alendronate Therapy for Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women
Authors: John T. Schousboe, John A. Nyman, Robert L. Kane, Kristine E. Ensrud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Treatment guidelines recommend drug treatment to prevent fractures for some postmenopausal women who have low bone mass (osteopenia) but do not have osteoporosis or a history of clinical fractures.To estimate the societal costs and health benefits of alendronate drug treatment to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.Markov model with 8 health states: no fracture, post-distal forearm fracture, post-clinical vertebral fracture, post-radiographic (but clinically inapparent) vertebral fracture, post-hip fracture, post-hip and vertebral fractures, post-other fracture, and death.Population-based studies of age-specific fracture rates and costs, prospectively measured estimates of disutility after fractures, and the Fracture Intervention Trial of alendronate versus placebo to prevent fracture.Postmenopausal women 55 to 75 years of age with femoral neck T-scores between -1.5 and -2.4.Lifetime.Societal.Five years of alendronate therapy or no drug treatment.Costs, quality-adjusted life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.For women with no additional fracture risk factors, the cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained ranged from 70,000 dollars to 332,000 dollars, depending on age and femoral neck bone density.Results were sensitive to changes in fracture risk reduction attributable to alendronate and alendronate cost.Results apply only to postmenopausal white women residing in the United States.Alendronate therapy for postmenopausal women with femoral neck T-scores better than -2.5 and no history of clinical fractures or other bone mineral density-independent risk factors for fracture is not cost-effective, assuming U.S. costs of alendronate and currently available estimates of alendronate efficacy in osteopenic women.
Physician Communication in the 21st Century
Authors: Leora I. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intelligent control requires more structure than the Theory of Event Coding provides
Authors: Joanna Bryson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

That perception and action share abstract representations is a key insight into the organization of intelligence. However, organizing behavior requires additional representations and processes which are not “early” sensing or “late” motion: structures for sequencing actions and arbitrating between behavior subsystems. These systems are described as a supplement to the Theory of Event Coding (TEC).
Presidential Inability to Function
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

There has been a substantial amount of commentary about the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution since President Reagan's colon operation for removal of a cancerous growth, a villous adenoma. Much of the analysis has been confusing and overly speculative. The letter sent to the Senate and the House by President Reagan, in which he transferred power to Vice-President Bush, did nothing to reduce the confusion and speculation. In fact, the letter provided an interpretation of Section 3 of the amendment that is not supported by the history of the amendment's adoption by the Congress. In this column, I would like . . .
Transaminase Elevations in Patients Receiving Bovine or Porcine Heparin
Authors: GEORGE E. DUKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Eighty-six patients who required heparin therapy were randomly assigned to receive bovine or porcine heparin. Abnormal concentrations of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase developed during treatment in 59.3% and 26.7% of patients, respectively. Patient characteristics that significantly influenced the development of abnormal alanine transaminase concentrations were male sex and higher baseline enzyme values. Transaminase concentrations returned to normal in 80% of patients after heparin therapy was discontinued and in 20% during therapy. Analysis of transaminase concentrations in all 86 patients showed that 95% had some increase in enzymes during treatment. Mean maximal increase over baseline for all patients was 3.6 for alanine transaminase and 3.1 for aspartate transaminase (range, 1.0 to 15). Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations became abnormal in 35.7% of patients. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme determinations in 6 patients showed elevated hepatic fractions. No clinical symptoms of hepatic dysfunction were seen.
Mark Lionel Levy
Authors: H. S Levy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former divisional medical officer Department of Health and Social Security north west region (b Middlesbrough 1921; q Liverpool 1944), died from lung cancer on 15 September 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After qualifying he served for three years in the army in India. For the next 20 years he was in singlehanded general practice in Fazakerly, north Liverpool. He left to join the DHSS in Manchester, eventually becoming divisional medical officer for the north west region. The oldest of three doctor brothers, Mark enjoyed sailing, music, theatre, and watching Liverpool Football Club. He leaves a wife, Pauline, and two children.
5 REALIZE TRIAL FINAL RESULTS: TELAPREVIR-BASED REGIMEN FOR GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR NULL RESPONSE, PARTIAL RESPONSE OR RELAPSE TO PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S. Zeuzem, P. Andreone, S. Pol, E.J. Lawitz, M. Diago, S. Roberts, R. Focaccia, Z.M. Younossi, G.R. Foster, A. Horban, P.J. Pockros, R. Van Heeswijk, S. de Meyer, D. Luo, G. Picchio, M. Beumont
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Rapid and serum-insensitive endocytotic delivery of proteins using biotinylated polymers attached via multivalent hydrophobic anchors
Authors: Kyohei Tobinaga, Cuicui Li, Masafumi Takeo, Masayoshi Matsuda, Hiroko Nagai, Takuro Niidome, Tatsuhiro Yamamoto, Akihiro Kishimura, Takeshi Mori, Yoshiki Katayama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
FISTULA BETWEEN THE GALL BLADDER AND THE STOMACH.
Authors: A. BARR SNIVELY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The cause of fistula between the gall bladder and stomach is primarily cholecystitis with formation of one or more gallstones, which by irritation cause inflammation resulting in plastic peritonitis with adhesions to the surrounding structures. The gall bladder contracts and its walls become thickened and friable. The constant pressure causes the stone to produce an ulcer which develops into a fistula. This is Nature's cure, and may also be attended by no new symptoms or the previous ones may be relieved, especially if the stones pass into the stomach and if there is no obstruction in the cystic duct and the adhesions are not numerous enough to cause trouble. A cholocystico-gastric fistula is relatively rare, the operative cases recorded, as far as I can find, being four in number. The following table affords information as to the varieties of fistulæ resulting from cholecystitis and their frequency in recorded cases taken
A Primary Care-Led NHS: Putting it into Practice
Authors: C. Silagy
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Geoff Meads Churchill Livingstone, £21.50, pp 254 ISBN 0 443 05570

The past five years have seen the NHS undergo what almost amounts to a philosophical and structural revolution. The focus of the healthcare system has shifted from secondary and tertiary care, and the aim is for it to be firmly centred on primary care. A Primary Care-Led NHS provides a background to the reasons why this change took place, what the change …
Evaluating Outcomes of Pregnancy in Diabetic Women: Epidemiologic Considerations and Recommended Indicators
Authors: Paula Braveman, Jonathan Showstack, Warren Browner, Joseph Selby, Steven Teutsch, Stephen Sepe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Many programs have been applied in various settings to reduce adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with diabetes. Efforts to standardize criteria and methods for evaluating these programs are relatively recent. Without such standardization, evaluation of the impact of many programs and comparisons among programs have not been possible. We review the suitability of available data sources for monitoring adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women with diabetes in light of epidemiological considerations relevant to selection of indicators of program impact. This article is intended to be a resource to help evaluate in a standardized fashion the impact of programs at a regional, state, or local level. We conclude that primary data (information collected by programs themselves) collected in a standardized manner are necessary for evaluation of programs for diabetes in pregnancy. Secondary data sources alone are of limited value for monitoring outcomes because of underreporting of maternal diabetes, especially in the absence of identified complications. Ultimately, the ability to rigorously assess the impact of efforts to improve outcomes of diabetes in pregnancy may depend on the creation of comprehensive statewide systems to identify women of childbearing age who have diabetes.
CALCIUM OVERLOAD IS POTENTIALLY THE MAIN CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOCYTE DEATH AFTER HEAVILY INFECTING WITH ADV-HHCN4
Authors: Yong-Fu Xiao, Alena Nikolskaya, Lepeng Zeng, Xiaohong Qiu, Deborah A. Jaye, Vinod Sharma, Daniel C. Sigg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
CX3CL1 (fractalkine): A signpost for biliary inflammation in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Shinji Shimoda, Kenichi Harada, Hiroaki Niiro, Akinobu Taketomi, Yoshihiko Maehara, Koichi Tsuneyama, Kentaro Kikuchi, Yasuni Nakanuma, Ian R. Mackay, Eric M. Gershwin, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Improvements in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) may depend upon dissection of mechanisms that determine recruitment of mononuclear cells to intralobular bile ducts, including the role of the chemokine-adhesion molecule CX3CL1 (fractalkine). We submit that there are unique interactions between intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (BECs), endothelial cells (ECs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells (LMCs), and that such interactions will in part dictate the biliary-specific inflammatory response. To address this, we studied fresh explanted livers from pretransplantation patients with PBC and with inflammatory liver disease due to viral infection (disease controls) and biopsy material from patients with a discrete liver tumor (normal controls). Using this clinical material, we isolated and stimulated BECs, ECs, LSECs, and LMCs with a panel of Toll-like receptor ligands. We also studied the interactions of these cell populations with LMCs with respect to adhesion capability and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Finally, we used fresh biopsy samples to evaluate mononuclear cells around intrahepatic biliary ductules using monoclonal antibodies specific to CD68 or CD154, markers for monocytes/macrophages, and activated T cells, respectively.There are common properties of ECs, LSECs, and BECs, whether derived from PBC or viral hepatitis, but there are also significant differences, particularly in the potential in PBC for LMCs to adhere to ECs and BECs and to produce TNF-alpha; such properties were associated with augmented CX3CL1 production by BEC from PBC liver. The processes defined herein suggest potential novel biotherapies for biliary specific inflammation.
Dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR inhibits autocrine and paracrine proliferative loops in PI3K/Akt/mTOR-addicted lymphomas
Authors: Aadra P. Bhatt, Prasanna M. Bhende, Sang-Hoon Sin, Debasmita Roy, Dirk P. Dittmer, Blossom Damania
Journal: Blood (2010)
130 ROLE OF ABCB4 GENE IN LIVER DISEASES
Authors: D. Degiorgio, G. Maggiore, P. Vajro, P.M. Battezzati, A. Crosignani, L. Costantino, M. Antelmi, V. Motta, B. Acaia, D.A. Coviello, C. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Regulation of Follow-on Biologics
Authors: Richard G. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Senator Orrin Hatch on the regulation of follow-on biopharmaceuticals. (06:07)Download Biopharmaceutical products, with U.S. sales in 2006 amounting to about $40.3 billion, are increasingly central to the treatment of major health problems affecting Americans.1 Since modern biopharmaceuticals date back to the 1980s, the first generation of such drugs has begun to lose patent protection (see table). In other parts of the world, governments have crafted regulations defining the terms of competition from "imitator," or generic, products. Many analysts have expressed concern that without new U.S. regulations, patent expirations may not be accompanied by the introduction of competing, lower-cost biologic agents — or that imitator products might be approved without sufficient . . .
Polished or Tarnished, the Golden Door
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WHEN THE lines of poet Emma Lazarus were placed on the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor in 1883, welcoming the world's "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" seemed like a good deal for them and for the United States. Nearly 9 million people immigrated during that decade and the next. Just over 100 years ago the nation, entering its second century, still had plenty of room for newcomers. It preferred them young and healthy and strong, eager to work playing with railroads and stacking wheat and butchering hogs for the world, but there was so much to be done the country seemed to offer a chance for all. Naysayers, never totally absent when the immigration question was raised, were outvoted by those willing to trade economic opportunity for honest effort. As the now-restored arrival halls of Ellis Island attest, however, once the ocean was crossed some hurdles remained.