tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diapers and Day Care-Reply
Authors: Ardythe L. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We have categorized the issues raised into several subheadings. <h3>Protocol Issues.</h3> —We compared commercially available paper diapers with cloth diapers that were provided by an experienced diaper laundry service that used a seven-step laundering procedure. Prior to the study, all day-care centers used paper diapers, which contained absorbent gel material and had elastic leg bands. During the cloth-diaper phase, two standard-thickness cloth diapers and plastic pants with elastic at the legs were used for each change. Cloth diapers were disposed of within the centers in an equivalent manner to disposable diapers. Soiled cloth diapers and plastic overpants were removed from children and were immediately placed in sealed containers that were emptied daily by the diaper service. Plastic overpants were worn once and then were laundered before reuse. All rinsing and laundering of cloth diapers and overpants were done professionally outside the centers. The suggestion that cloth diapers in
Pulmonary arterial compliance and exercise capacity after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: S. Ghio, M. Morsolini, A. Corsico, C. Klersy, G. Mattiucci, C. Raineri, L. Scelsi, N. Vistarini, L. Oltrona Visconti, A. M. D'Armini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), despite successful pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), can continue to suffer from a limitation in exercise capacity. The objective of this study was to assess whether pulmonary arterial compliance is a predictor of exercise capacity after PEA. Right heart haemodynamics, treadmill incremental exercise test, spirometry, carbon monoxide transfer factor, arterial blood gas and echocardiographic examinations were retrospectively analysed in a population of CTEPH patients who underwent PEA at a single centre. Baseline and 3-month haemodynamic data were available in 296 patients; 5-year follow-up data were available in 68 patients. In a multivariable model the following parameters were found to be independent predictors of exercise capacity after surgery: age, sex, pulmonary arterial compliance, tricuspid annular plane excursion, arterial oxygen tension and carbon monoxide transfer factor (p<0.0001); the model showed good discrimination (Harrell's c=0.84) and calibration (shrinkage coefficient=0.91). Poor exercise capacity at 3 months was loosely associated with higher death rate during subsequent survival (Harrell's c=0.61). In conclusion, after successful PEA, reduced pulmonary arterial compliance is an important determinant of exercise capacity in association with the age and sex of the patients, and the extent of recovery of both cardiac and respiratory function. However, exercise capacity does not explain a large proportion of the effect of surgery on subsequent survival.
The Fibrinolytic Pathway of Human Plasma II. THE GENERATION OF CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY BY ACTIVATION OF PLASMINOGEN PROACTIVATOR
Authors: Allen P. Kaplan, Edward J. Goetzl, K. Frank Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The conversion of plasminogen proactivator to plasminogen activator by Hageman factor fragments results in the generation of chemotactic activity for human neutrophils. This chemotactic activity can be distinguished from that generated by Hageman factor activation of prekallikrein and is demonstrable in plasma that is genetically deficient in prekallikrein (Fletcher factor deficiency). Both the plasminogen-activating activity and chemotactic activity produced by the interaction of Hageman factor fragments and plasminogen proactivator to yield plasminogen activator were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) indicating an essential role for the enzymatic site in both these activities. The finding that the plasminogen proactivator tolerated a dose of DFP, which completely inactivated the plasminogen activator, reveals that the active site is protected in the precursor protein.
Training of cancer experts varies widely across Europe
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Major differences exist across Europe in the continuing education given to cancer specialists and in the access to care that patients can expect to receive, says a new report produced by the European Society for Medical Oncology.

The society’s survey shows that in Ireland and France oncologists are systematically required to keep up to date with new scientific and medical developments, whereas in Spain and Germany they may not have the opportunity of continuous medical education.

Cancer patients requiring a second opinion will have their costs reimbursed in the Netherlands and Denmark but not in Hungary or Luxembourg.

Commenting on …
Seeking Answers to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Marsha T. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cell cycle controls: potential targets for chemical carcinogens?
Authors: C A Afshari, J C Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be directly linked to genomic stability. Loss of the check-points involved in cell cycle control may result in unrepaired DNA damage during DNA synthesis or mitosis leading to genetic mutations and contributing to carcinogenesis.
Abstract 385: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 produced by non-tumor cells in tumor stroma promotes lung metastasis of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells
Authors: Teizo Yoshimura, O. M. Zack Howard, Akihiro Matsukawa, Keqiang Chen, Ying Liu, Ji Ming Wang, Joost J. Oppenheim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MCP-1 is a chemokine that plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer by attracting immunosuppressive macrophages. A wide variety of tumor cell lines produce MCP-1 in vitro; thus, tumor cells are considered to be the main source of this chemokine. In the present study, we examined whether MCP-1 deficiency in non-tumor cells present in tumor stroma affects the growth and metastasis of the 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells implanted into the mammary pad of wild-type (WT) or MCP-1-deficient mice. Tumors grew at a similar rate in both WT and MCP-1-deficient mice at the injected sites; however, the lung metastases were markedly reduced in MCP-1-deficient mice. Serum MCP-1 levels increased after 4T1 cell implantation in WT, but not in MCP-1-deficient mice. High levels of MCP-1 mRNA were detected in the mammary tumors of WT, but not of MCP-1-deficient mice, indicating that tumor cells were not the main source of MCP-1. In tumors of MCP-1-deficient mice, the infiltration of macrophages was reduced and the expression of cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, was elevated. Transplantation of MCP-1-deficient bone marrow cells into WT mice did not affect the number of lung metastasis, whereas transplantation of WT bone marrow cells into MCP-1-deficient mice significantly increased the lung metastasis. Finally, culture supernatants of 4T1 cells induced MCP-1 production in inflammatory macrophages. These results suggest that MCP-1 produced by non-tumor cells in tumor stroma, both bone marrow-derived and non-bone marrow-derived, facilitates lung metastasis of 4T1 cells by recruiting immunosuppressive macrophages. Thus, the inhibition of MCP-1 may be useful to reduce lung metastasis of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 385. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-385
Megalocytic Anaemia in a Young Vegetarian
Authors: R. T. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MIEDICAL JOUJRNALThat agranulocytosis is liable to occur during second courses of treatment has frequently been observed with other sulphonamides.In the above case the early onset of headache, lassitude, and slight pyrexia after the resumption of sulphaguanidine is suggestive of sensitization by the first course of the drug.
Problems With Medicaid
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Regarding the study Large Medicaid Practices and Medicaid Mills (1980;244:2433), I share the concern of the authors that the Medicare-Medicaid legislation has not fulfilled the proposed principle goal of the incorporation of the elderly and the poor into mainstream medicine. However, the only sign of the failure according to the authors is an employment of less-qualified physicians by the Medicaid programs.  The analysis of the study brings to mind additional comments. Despite the fact that nonsubsidized market of patient care is better paying, the income of physicians involved in small and large Medicaid practice is higher (authors' Table 1). The income is generated by seeing a larger volume of patients with substitution of nursing time for physician time. This perpetuates second-class care as we have suggested in an earlier publication (1980;243:123). Other sources of relatively high income are probably derived from inpatient hospital visits, emergency room visits,
Interventional and surgical modalities of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Walter Klepetko, Eckhard Mayer, Julio Sandoval, Elbert P Trulock, Jean-Luc Vachiery, Phillippe Dartevelle, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Stuart W Jamieson, Irene Lang, Paul Corris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
High-scatter T cells: a reliable biomarker for malignant T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Rachael A. Clark, Jeffrey B. Shackelton, Rei Watanabe, Adam Calarese, Kei-ichi Yamanaka, James J. Campbell, Jessica E. Teague, Helen P. Kuo, DirkJan Hijnen, Thomas S. Kupper
Journal: Blood (2010)
We Have Went Astray-Reply
Authors: Alexander Gode
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As a PhD, I can easily explain just how "he" managed to "have went away." (That sort of thing is my business.) Wrote Robert Frost: "Through the fields and the woods and over the walls I have wended." "Went" is of course only the contracted archaic variant of "wended." I indulge in this sophistry to protect the good name ofThe Journal'sproofreaders. It's the tale of a sad PhD Who had wrote "Just Words" With much glee. He was sure of his grammar, For he had been a crammer. What KO'd him was just a P.E.
Toxic Nephropathy
Authors: George E. Schreiner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Renal metabolism and nephron structures are extremely complex and, therefore, vulnerable in a variety of ways. Since many drugs and other substances are capable of causing serious kidney damage, and the list of potentially hazardous compounds grows yearly, it is important that the physician have a good working knowledge of the subject of toxic nephropathy. <h3>Definition</h3> Toxic nephropathy is a general term used to categorize any adverse functional or structural changes in the kidney due to the effect of a chemical or biological product that is inhaled, ingested, injected, or otherwise absorbed, or that yields toxic metabolites with an identifiable adverse effect on the kidneys. By extension, the concept of toxic nephropathy is occasionally applied to the adverse renal effects that occur when physiological substances circulate in concentrations greater or less than normal (eg, hypercalcemic, hyperuricemic, or hypokalemic nephropathy). <h3>Types of Reactions</h3> A number of different mechanisms may be involved
EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ERYSIPELAS.
Authors: ERNEST LAPLACE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Since the discovery of the staphylococcus as a cause of suppuration and the streptococcus as the cause of erysipelas these organisms were found in many other conditions, and hence have long since lost their position as the cause of suppuration and of erysipelas only. The streptococcus is found in septicemia and as a complication of diphtheria and other affections; while the staphylococcus is found in furuncles, carbuncles and all abscesses of a subacute nature. When a wound is infected in these days of antiseptic precautions, pus abounds at first with staphylococci alone. In pre-antiseptic days, when pus was considered an almost desirable condition, when wounds were uncleansed, an erythema corresponding to erysipelas soon developed, accompanied by the clinical manifestations characteristic of this disease. It was evident that what seemed to be an ordinary infection could, when neglected, transform itself gradually into a more marked and virulent form, to be followed
Altered activity of the system A amino acid transporter in microvillous membrane vesicles from placentas of macrosomic babies born to diabetic women.
Authors: A G Kuruvilla, S W D'Souza, J D Glazier, D Mahendran, M J Maresh, C P Sibley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Fetal macrosomia (FM) is a well-recognized complication of diabetic pregnancy but it is not known whether placental transport mechanisms are altered. We therefore studied the activity of the system A amino acid transporter, the system L amino acid transporter, and the Na+/H+ exchanger in microvillous membrane vesicles from placentas of macrosomic babies born to diabetic women (FM group), from placentas of appropriately grown babies born to diabetic women (appropriate for gestational age group) and from placentas of appropriately grown babies of normal women (control group). Sodium-dependent uptake of [14C]-methylaminoisobutyric acid at 30 s (initial rate, a measure of system A activity) was 49% lower into FM vesicles than into control vesicles (P < 0.02); this effect was due to a decrease in Vmax of the transporter with no change in Km. There was no significant difference in system A activity between the appropriate for gestational age group and control or FM group. There was also no difference between system L transporter or Na+/H+ exchanger activity between the three groups. We conclude that the number of system A transporters per milligram of membrane protein in the placental microvillous membrane is selectively reduced in diabetic pregnancies associated with FM.
P82Down-regulation of microRNA-10b may play a role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: A Gonzalez Miqueo, I Gallego Garrido, J Beaumont Ezcurra, B Lopez Salazar, JJ Gomez Doblas, S Ravassa Albeniz, F Valencia Serrano, E De Teresa Galvan, J Diez Martinez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis may have a detrimental impact on cardiac structure and function in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), as shown for other cardiopathies. On the other hand, microRNAs may regulate this process.

Methods: Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from 28 patients with AS during valve replacement. Left ventricular (LV) morphology and function were assessed by echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (CMAI) was quantified by TUNEL. Bax, Bcl-2 and BNIP3 were determined by western blot. MicroRNA profile was studied in 10 patients (5 from each subgroup) by TLDA, validating those of interest by real time RT-PCR in the whole population. microRNAs potential target genes were identified with the Microcosm, miRanda and PicTar databases.

Results: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased (P 0.08%; n=12). The higher activation of the apoptotic process in subgroup 2 patients was verified by a higher expression (P<0.05) of the Bax/Bcl-2 and BNIP3/Bcl-2 ratios. Subgroup 2 patients showed a lower cardiomyocyte density (P<0.001) and LV ejection fraction (P<0.05), and a higher prevalence of clinical heart failure (P<0.05) and NT-proBNP levels (P<0.05) than patients from subgroup 1. Of interest, CMAI was inversely associated (P<0.05) with cardiomyocyte density and LV ejection fraction and directly associated (P<0.05) with NT-proBNP in all patients.

The TLDA analysis showed 70 microRNAs altered (P<0.05) more than 4-fold in patients from subgroup 2 compared with subgroup 1, with 64 down-regulated and 6 up-regulated. Focusing on those with the highest fold-change, the repression in patients from subgroup 2 of miR-10b and miR-338-3p (P<0.05), which present pro-apoptotic predicted target genes (e.g. caspase 9 and Fas ligand), was validated in the whole AS population. Similarly, the up-regulation (P<0.05) of miR-198, with anti-apoptotic target genes like Bcl-x, was validated. These microRNAs were associated (P<0.05) with the CMAI. Additionally, miR-10b inhibition in HL-1 adult cardiomyocytes increased (P<0.05) the susceptibility of these cells to suffer apoptosis both in baseline conditions and in the presence of staurosporine.

Conclusion: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is increased in AS patients, mainly in a subgroup of patients, and is associated with diminished cardiomyocyte density and the development of heart failure. MiR-10b down-regulation may be involved in this process, emerging as a potential therapeutic target.
Spontaneous Regression of Cancer: A Study and Abstract of Reports in the World Medical Literature and of Personal Communications Concerning Spontaneous Regression of Malignant Disease
Authors: Arnold M. Seligman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The authors' interest in   of cancer was initiated by  thought that isolated cures of cancer from unorthodox therapeutic measures might be due to spontaneous regression. Therefore, they have reviewed  world medical literature since 1900 and in  course of 560 pages have collected, abstracted, and reproduced  case histories of 176 patients, including supportive photomicrographs of  tumors and pertinent roentgenograms.  The authors define spontaneous regression as the partial or complete disappearance of a malignant tumor in  absence of all treatment or in  presence of therapy which is considered inadequate to exert a significant influence on neoplastic disease. On this basis they include tumors which underwent apparent spontaneous regression in one area but flourished elsewhere. However, it will be obvious to  readers that many of  regressions were not spontaneous but were biological reactions to such conditions as hemorrhage, thrombosis, fibrosis, calcification, severe
Effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on intestinal oyxgen supply and mucosal tissue oxygen tension
Authors: Birgit Schwarz, Hubert Hofstötter, Natalie Salak, Werner Pajk, Hans Knotzer, Andreas Mayr, Burkhard Labeck, Reinhold Kafka, Hanno Ulmer, Walter Hasibeder
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Compression-Decompression CPR: The Biomotor-Reply
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Lerman for sharing this interesting report of the Biomotor, an early device that alternately applied pressure and suction to the torso to ventilate the lungs and circulate blood. How the FDA handles the particular case of active compression-decompression CPR is really a secondary issue. More important is the general need for researchers, regulators, ethicists, and the concerned public to develop workable mechanisms by which resuscitation research can proceed while patients' rights and safety are protected.
High frequency of histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR3 and DR4 in herpes gestations.
Authors: J K Shornick, P Stastny, J N Gilliam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Herpes gestationis (HG) is a rare, autoimmune, vesiculobullous disease of pregnancy or the puerperium characterized by the deposition of complement (and occasionally immunoglobulin) within the lamina lucida of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. We have studied 23 patients with a history of HG, 20 of whom had typical immunofluorescence findings during the active phase of their disease. HLA typing showed HLA-DR3 in 61% of patients (controls 22%, Pc less than 0.005) and the combination of DR3, DR4 in 43% (controls 3%, Pc less than 0.00001). The most striking finding of this study was that the greatest risk of HG is associated with the concurrent presence of two specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antigens.
Coronary Vasoconstriction During Myocardial Ischemia Induced by Rises in Metabolic Demand in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gianmario Sambuceti, Mario Marzilli, Paolo Marraccini, Jan Schneider-Eicke, Enri Gliozheni, Oberdan Parodi, Antonio L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In patients with coronary artery disease, a maximal vasodilation of the coronary microcirculation is generally assumed to occur during myocardial ischemia induced by rises in metabolic demand. However, vasoconstriction has been documented during severe prolonged ischemia in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate coronary vasomotor tone during pacing-induced ischemia in humans. Methods and Results The study included 11 patients with exercise-induced ischemia and single-vessel disease of the left anterior descending artery and 7 control subjects with normal coronary arteries. Blood flow velocity was monitored with a Doppler catheter in the left anterior descending artery. Coronary resistance index was calculated as the ratio between mean arterial pressure and flow velocity. Measurements were obtained at baseline, after intracoronary adenosine (2 mg), and during maximal atrial pacing in the absence and presence of adenosine. After adenosine administration at rest, coronary resistance decreased more in control subjects than in patients (25±7% of baseline versus 61±19%; P &lt;.01). Coronary resistance decreased in all control subjects ( P &lt;.01) both at maximal pacing (60±17% of baseline) and after administration of adenosine during tachycardia (31±13% of baseline). By contrast, all 10 ischemic patients displayed increased coronary resistance at maximal heart rate (221±131% of baseline; P &lt;.01 versus baseline, P &lt;.01 versus control subjects). At this stage, adenosine decreased coronary resistance to 44±20% of values observed before injection. Additionally, it reduced ST-segment depression in 5 of 8 patients. Conclusions In patients with coronary artery disease, transient myocardial ischemia induced by increased metabolic demand is not associated with maximal vasodilation. Rather, an inappropriate severe microvascular vasoconstriction is present that can be abolished by intracoronary adenosine.
Relative performances of FibroTest, Fibroscan, and biopsy for the assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A step toward the truth in the absence of a gold standard
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Victor de Ledinghen, Jean Pierre Zarski, Carol Stanciu, Mona Munteanu, Julien Vergniol, Julie France, Anca Trifan, Gilles Le Naour, Jean Christophe Vaillant, Vlad Ratziu, Frederic Charlotte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)