tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of acid precipitation on arsenic and selenium.
Authors: P Mushak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The potential impact of acidic precipitation on the environmental mobility of the metalloids arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) has not been given much attention and is poorly understood. As with other elements, the interest here is the potential effect of environmental acidification on environmental behavior in ways that are relevant to human exposure to these metalloids. Available information on acid precipitation and the environmental behavior of these metalloids do, however, permit some preliminary conclusions to be drawn. Both As and Se appear to be mobilized from household plumbing into tap water by the corrosive action of soft, mildly acidic water, while surface water catchment systems in areas impacted by acidic deposition may contain elevated soluble As levels. Acidification of aquatic ecosystems that are drinking water sources may pose the prospect of enhanced release of As from sediment to water as well as reduction in water levels of Se. Acidification of ground waters, where As appears to be especially mobile, is of particular concern in this regard. The potential impact of acidic deposition on As and Se in soils cannot readily be assessed with respect to human exposure, but it would appear that the behavior of these metalloids in poorly buffered, poorly immobilizing soils, e.g., sandy soils of low metal hydrous oxide content, would be most affected. The effect is opposite for the two elements; lowered pH would appear to enhance As mobility and to reduce Se availability. Altered acidity of both soil and aquatic systems poses a risk for altered biotransformation processes involving both As and Se, thereby affecting the relative amounts of different chemical forms varying in their toxicity to humans as well as influencing biogeochemical cycling.
New and future antibiotics in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections.
Authors: R Wise
Journal: Thorax (1995)

New and future antibiotics in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections At first sight it might be thought that there are too many antibiotics available and that the last thing one would want is yet more agents.Such a nihilistic approach, however, is both inaccurate and shortsighted.We live in a changing world and, as far as bacteria are concerned, very much a global village.The conservative prescribing habits of one group of clinicians may be influenced by clinical activities further afield -for example, the increased numbers of penicillin insensitive pneumococci in Iceland may well have come from abroad,' possibly from Spain, where resistance rates are as high as 42 5%.2The rate in Birmingham, UK, is 5-7% and rising.Similarly, the increasing importance of the enterococcus in nosocomial pneumonia in North America,3 possibly related to high cephalosporin use, will pose a great therapeutic problem, especially if the strain is resistant to vancomycin.In addition, advances are being made which will aid the diagnosis of infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.4Those interested in the treatment of respiratory tract infections must therefore keep abreast ofthe advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Peripheral Regional Anesthesia: An Atlas of Anatomy and Techniques
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIV/AIDS in 1990 and 2012
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tailored exercise is key to preventing falls
Authors: P. W Simey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The role of exercise in effectively preventing falls has had a mixed press. Profound conclusions have been drawn from research studies with severe limitations, including non-selection of those who had had falls, brief intervention periods, and exercise of insufficient intensityto stimulate improvement. Many were alarmed by a trial in which those who had falls fell more often after being encouraged to walk—if the authors had prescribed the balance, gait, and strength exercises used in New Zealand before walking, this unfortunate outcome …
A Dip in the Pool-Reply
Authors: Robert W. Marion
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I appreciate Dr Jurica's comments regarding my article entitled "A Dip in the Pool." Although this article was based on an actual clinic visit that occurred during my residency, some of the details have been altered to protect the identity of the individuals involved. The events portrayed in the article do not exactly mirror what happened in real life. So, rather than defending each point made by Dr Jurica, I will respond in a general way to his comments. Dr Jurica states that it is important "to recognize that for many patients abortion is not a morally acceptable solution to the problem" described in the article. I certainly agree with this statement, but I think two important points must be made. First, the physician must separate his own views of morality from those of his patient. Just as in clinical situations that are less emotionally charged, it is
RETRACTED: Coordinated Silencing of MYC-Mediated miR-29 by HDAC3 and EZH2 as a Therapeutic Target of Histone Modification in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Xinwei Zhang, Xiaohong Zhao, Warren Fiskus, Jianhong Lin, Tint Lwin, Rekha Rao, Yizhuo Zhang, John C. Chan, Kai Fu, Victor E. Marquez, Selina Chen-Kiang, Lynn C. Moscinski, Edward Seto, William S. Dalton, Kenneth L. Wright, Eduardo Sotomayor, Kapil Bhalla, Jianguo Tao
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Gas Exchange Responses to Constant Work-Rate Exercise in Patients with Glycogenosis Type V and VII
Authors: Hean-Yee Ong, Conor S. O'Dochartaigh, Sharon Lovell, Victor H. Patterson, Karlman Wasserman, D. Paul Nicholls, Marshall S. Riley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

During constant work-rate exercise above the lactic acidosis threshold, oxygen consumption fails to plateau by 3 minutes, but continues to rise slowly. This slow component correlates closely with the rise in lactate in normal subjects. We investigated if oxygen consumption during constant work-rate exercise could rise after 3 minutes in the absence of a rise in lactate. We studied five patients with McArdle's disease, one patient with phosphofructokinase deficiency and six normal subjects. Subjects performed two 6-minute duration constant work-rate exercise tests at 40 and 70% of peak oxygen consumption. During low-intensity exercise, oxygen consumption reached steady state by 3 minutes in both groups. Lactate rose slightly in control subjects but not in patients. During high-intensity exercise, oxygen consumption rose from the third to the sixth minute by 144 (21-607) ml/minute (median and range) in control subjects and by 142 (73-306) ml/minute in patients (p = not significant, Mann-Whitney U test). Over the same period, lactate (geometric mean and range) rose from 2.68 (1.10-5.00) to 5.39 (2.70-10.00) mmol/L in control subjects, but did not rise in patients (1.20 [0.64-1.60] to 0.70 [0.57-1.20] mmol/L). We conclude that the slow component of oxygen consumption during heavy exercise is not dependent on lactic acidosis.
Biomechanical Strain Induces Class A Scavenger Receptor Expression in Human Monocyte/Macrophages and THP-1 Cells
Authors: Hironosuke Sakamoto, Masanori Aikawa, Christopher C. Hill, Daiana Weiss, W. Robert Taylor, Peter Libby, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Although hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, the mechanisms for this interaction are incompletely described. Previous studies have suggested that biomechanical strain regulates macrophage phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that biomechanical strain can induce expression of the class A scavenger receptor (SRA), an important lipoprotein receptor in atherogenesis. Methods and Results —Human monocyte/macrophages or THP-1 cells were cultured in a device that imposes uniform biaxial cyclic 1-Hz strains of 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3%, and SRA expression was analyzed. Mechanical strains induced SRA mRNA (3.5±0.6-fold at 3% strain for 48 hours, P &lt;0.01) and SRA protein in THP-1 cells in an amplitude-dependent manner. This induction was accompanied by augmented expression of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 (2.8±0.3-fold, P &lt;0.001) but not by increased peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ expression. To evaluate this effect in vivo, apolipoprotein E −/− mice were randomly assigned to receive standard chow, a high-cholesterol diet, or a high-cholesterol diet with hypertension induced by angiotensin II infusion for 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry revealed that among macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta, the proportion of macrophages with SRA expression was highest in hypertensive animals on a high-cholesterol diet (43.9±0.7%, versus 12.0±2.0% for normotensive animals on a high-cholesterol diet and 4.7±4.7% for animals on standard chow; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —Biomechanical strain induces SRA expression by monocyte/macrophages, suggesting a novel mechanism for promotion of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.
Demonstration that circulating 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D is loosely regulated in normal children.
Authors: P H Stern, A B Taylor, N H Bell, S Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The effects of vitamin D, 2.5 mg (100,000 U)/d for 4 d, on serum calcium, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and serum 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha, 25(OH)2D) were compared in 24 normal adults and 12 normal children. The daily dose of vitamin D was 1,500 U/kg body wt in children weighing less than 45 kg. Vitamin D increased mean serum calcium from 9.5 +/- 0.1 to 9.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), increased mean serum phosphorus from 4.6 +/- 0.1 to 5.0 +/- 0.1 mg/dl (P less than 0.01), increased mean serum 25-OHD from 25 +/- 3 to 34 +/- 4 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), and increased mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D from 34 +/- 3 to 42 +/- 4 pg/ml (P less than 0.02) in children. In contrast, vitamin D increased mean serum 25-OHD from 18 +/- 2 to 39 +/- 6 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and did not change mean serum calcium (9.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), mean serum phosphorus (4.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), or mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D (31 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 3 pg/ml) in adults. Mean serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D was significantly higher after vitamin D in children than in adults (P less than 0.02). These results provide evidence that circulating 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D is not as tightly regulated in children as it is in adults. This difference in regulation could account in part for the higher values for serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D observed in children.
Detection of High Incidence of H‐RAS Oncogene Point Mutations in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Nobutaka Imamura, Atsushi Kuramoto, Hideki Ishihara, Shoichi Shimizu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We have been analyzing RAS p21 proteins and the DNA sequence of leukemic cells. We report here that these cells have high expression of H-RAS p21, which originates from point mutations of RAS oncogenes. The leukemic cells from six patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were separated from heparinized whole blood and bone marrow by a density gradient technique. The expression of RAS oncogenes was analyzed by a fluorescence-activated cell sorting with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The high expression of DWP, which was reported to recognized activated RAS oncogene, was found in two patients and was associated with high levels of H-RAS expression. These facts prompted us to analyze the DNA sequence of RAS genes with an automated DNA sequencer. Unexpectedly, various kinds of H-RAS point mutations were found in all six cases, including two cases of hot-spot point mutation at codon 12, whereas K-RAS point mutation (no hot-spot point mutations) was found in six cases. The same H-RAS point mutations, at codons 10, 11, and 15, were found in all six cases. To our knowledge, there is no report on H-RAS point mutation in human leukemias. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that H-RAS point mutation together with p53 gene mutation may play an important role in leukemogenesis.
Adolescent self harm patients: audit of assessment in an accident and emergency department.
Authors: F G O'Dwyer, A D'Alton, J B Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the assessment of adolescent self harm patients attending an accident and emergency department. DESIGN--Retrospective assessment of case notes. SETTING--Accident and emergency department, Leicester Royal Infirmary. PATIENTS--210 adolescent patients (aged 9-19 years) attending the department during 1 January 1989-31 December 1989 after deliberate self poisoning; records were available for 200. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of admissions, discharges from department without either a psychiatric consultation or some form of follow up, and discharges with either of these; scoring of adequacy of psychiatric and social assessment by accident and emergency doctor. RESULTS--89 patients were admitted (mean score 5.1, excluding 22 patients too drowsy or unforthcoming for proper assessment), 80 were discharged without specific psychiatric consultation or other follow up (mean score 5.4), and 31 were discharged with psychiatric consultation or other follow up (mean score 9.1). The percentage of patients in each group whose assessment by the accident and emergency doctor was considered to be adequate or better than adequate over 10 headings ranged from 0%-40% for admitted patients, 0%-50% for those discharged without psychiatric assessment, and 0%-61% in the remaining group. Overall, in almost half (49%, 54/111) of all of those discharged documentation of the suicidal state was inadequate. CONCLUSION--The assessment of many adolescent self harm patients in this clinic was unsatisfactory. IMPLICATIONS--Doctors working in accident and emergency departments should be encouraged to liaise with child psychiatrists before discharging such patients.
An unusual ocular manifestation in Fanconi anemia: Congenital glaucoma
Authors: Deniz Aslan, Sibel Ozdogan, Merih Onol, Zuhre Kaya, Turkiz Gursel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation along with many congenital abnormalities involving the eyes. We report herein two siblings with Fanconi anemia who also have bilateral congenital glaucoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital glaucoma in patients with Fanconi anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 78:64–66, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic palliation of tracheobronchial malignancies.
Authors: M R Hetzel, S G Smith
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The prognosis for tracheobronchial tumours remains poor. Most patients can be offered only palliation. When the main symptom is breathlessness or refractory haemoptysis from a large airway tumour endoscopic treatment may be very effective. Over the last decade most attention has focused on the neodymium YAG laser. This often produces dramatic effects but has some important limitations. In the last few years better techniques for stenting and intrabronchial radiotherapy (brachytherapy) have also been developed. This article discusses the range of techniques now available and aims to help clinicians decide which patients may benefit from referral to centres providing these techniques.
Oestrogen replacement therapy after hysterectomy.
Authors: T. Seeley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To identify those women who might benefit from oestrogen replacement after hysterectomy.Targeted health screening.Large group practice.All women aged under 50 who had had a hysterectomy.Concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, symptom profile, uptake of oestrogen replacement therapy.145 of 1953 women aged 32-49 had had a hysterectomy. 35 of the 41 with bilateral oophorectomy and 27 of 104 with one or more ovaries conserved were taking oestrogen replacement. 62 of the 68 who had ovaries conserved and were not taking oestrogen replacement attended for review, of whom 14 had a follicle stimulating hormone concentration > or = 20 IU/l. 16 of the 19 women identified as potentially able to benefit from oestrogen replacement started treatment and were still on treatment at six months of follow up.Systematic review of women who had had a hysterectomy identified an important group who would potentially benefit from oestrogen replacement therapy.
Does Anesthesia Contribute to Operative Mortality?
Authors: L. Tiret
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  In Canada, Cohen et al 1 studied the factors predictive of operative mortality. We recently reported a study on the same topic, 2 based on the data of the French national survey. 3 The results of both studies, using the same analysis (logistic regression), are similar and suggest to us the following comments.  The Canadian study was carried out in one teaching hospital. An anesthesia follow-up program (100 007 anesthetics) and vital statistics data were used to assess operative mortality within 7 days of surgery. The French survey was carried out in a randomly selected sample of 460 hospitals (198 103 anesthetics). Any major complication—defined as any fatal or life-threatening accident— occurring during or within 24 hours of administration of anesthesia was recorded. Although the length of postoperative follow-up was longer in the Canadian than in the French study, a comparison is possible since most post-operative
The Physician and the Rights of Mankind
Authors: Pope John Paul
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This papal address was delivered at the conclusion of the World Medical Association's 35th General Assembly, on "The Physician and the Rights of Mankind," in Venice. Referring to the essential similarity between the concerns of the medical profession and the Church, the Pope reiterates the traditional support of each for human rights. He focuses on three basic principles: respect for life; respect for the unity of the human being, i.e., recognition of the patient as a whole person rather than as simply the embodiment of a particular disease; and respect for human dignity. He also expresses concern about the potential for nontherapeutic genetic manipulation to diminish human dignity.
Exogenous particles in lymph nodes in patients with shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis.
Authors: S K Morcos
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Exogenous particles in lymph nodes in patients with shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis SIR,-I am rather surprised that Dr Dernevik (December 1985;40:948-51) uses the term shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis in preference to the more descriptive term of round atelectasis.This interesting form of lung collapse has been well described by Hanke and Kretzschmar, who advo- cate the term round atelectasis.In 1980 they reported experi- ence with 80 cases of this condition and pointed out its specific radiological features.'This benign condition is often mistaken for a bronchial carcinoma.In view of this, its recognition is of prime importance to avoid unnecessary invasive tests and tho- racotomies.Since I became aware of the condition I have accumulated 10 cases over the last three years.Thoracotomy was avoided in eight patients.The remaining two each had bronchial carcinoma with pleural effusion, which resulted in the formation of the round atelectasis.In this very small series only one case was related to asbestos exposure.All except two of the others had pleural effusions.It is advisable to consider the possibility of round atelectasis when assessing subpleural opacities, especially those seen in the lower zones of the lung fields.Awareness of this condition will prove to be beneficial.
Functional results of single-lung transplantation for chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: H Mal, C Sleiman, G Jebrak, O Messian, F Dubois, C Darne, J P Duchatelle, J L Mollo, M Fournier, M Kitzis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The feasibility and immediate tolerance of single-lung transplantation were recently demonstrated in patients with severe obstructive lung disease. Since initial reports, hundreds of procedures have been performed worldwide in such patients, but views regarding the results are still controversial. Since few data concerning medium-term functional results are available, we report here our series of 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who received a single-lung transplant. A group of 16 patients who survived for 6 mo or more form the basis of this report. Current 1- and 2-yr actuarial survival are 75 and 70%, respectively, with 4 perioperative deaths and 2 deaths at 9 and 15 mo after transplantation. Before transplantation the patients were severely obstructive, with a FEV1 of 17 +/- 6% of predicted, a PaO2 of 51 +/- 10 mm Hg, a PaCO2 of 49 +/- 11 mm Hg, and a 6 min walk test of 99 +/- 84 m. A significant functional improvement was observed postoperatively, the patients' FEV1 at 3 mo reached 53 +/- 13%, PaO2 81 +/- 3 mm Hg, and PaCO2 39 +/- 3 mm Hg. The distance covered during 6 min was 587 +/- 147 m at 6 mo. Throughout postoperative follow-up, lung function remained stable in some patients but decreased in others after several mo, this decline related to the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans, except in two patients who had airway complications. Impairment in lung function led to retransplantation in four patients, with good clinical results in three patients, one patient dying postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)