tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Granulocytic Leukemia in Patients Over 50.
Authors: Victor Grann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Acute Granulocytic Leukemia in Patients Over 50.Victor Grann, M.D., F.A.C.P., Stuart Finch, M.D., Bayard Clarkson, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert Erichson, M.D., F.A.C.P., Arthur Rosenberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Victor Grann, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Stuart Finch, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Bayard Clarkson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert Erichson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur Rosenberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-824_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients older than 50 years, with acute granulocytic leukemia are widely considered to be resistant to current chemotherapy. The records of 96 patients, 50 to 91 years of age, treated from 1967 to 1972 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Yale-New Haven Medical Center, and eight community hospitals in Connecticut, were reviewed. No difference was detected in patients' response among the participating hospitals. Thirty-four percent of the 96 patients experienced a complete remission. Of those considered adequate for evaluation (survival longer than 1 month), 33 of 77 patients (41%) experienced a complete remission. The proportion of patients responding to therapy did... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 824-824KeywordsChemotherapy Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Appraisal of a new scheme for prenatal screening for Down's syndrome.
Authors: T A Sheldon, J Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To appraise a new method of prenatal screening for Down's syndrome based on maternal serum concentrations of alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol, and human chorionic gonadotrophin combined with maternal age--the "triple test."Examination of the cost effectiveness of the triple test relative to screening only by maternal age over a range of population detection rates.Leicestershire Health Authority.Costs per affected fetus detected.The triple test is more cost effective than screening only by maternal age for risk cut off points for amniocentesis, resulting in a detection rate over 45%. The most efficient detection rate is around 60-65%, for which the cost per case detected is around 29,000 pounds, through screening with higher detection rates is still likely to be cost beneficial.Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome based on the triple test should replace screening based only on maternal age. Individual women's preferences should be elicited by the use of structured decision analysis in order to maximise utility and so increase the benefits of the screening programme.
Recombinant Escherichia coli Expressing Invasin Targets the Peyer's Patches: the Basis for a Bacterial Formulation for Oral Vaccination
Authors: Rebecca J. Critchley-Thorne, Andrew J. Stagg, Georges Vassaux
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have investigated the tropism of nonpathogenic recombinant invasive Escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tract and the efficacy of this invasive E. coli as an oral vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. E. coli expressing invasin from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis selectively invade nonphagocytic cells in which beta(1)-integrin is expressed and accessible. Following internalization the E. coli are degraded in the phagosome. Coexpression of listeriolysin O (LLO) mediates release of the content of the bacteria into the cytosol of the invaded cell. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that gut epithelial cells failed to be invaded by invasive E. coli, due to a basolateral localization of beta(1)-integrin. By contrast, selective uptake of invasive bacteria from the intestinal lumen into Peyer's patches was observed ex vivo. Once in this structure, invasive E. coli colocalized with dendritic cells and possibly B cells. Oral administration of invasive E. coli coexpressing the model antigen ovalbumin and LLO from Listeria monocytogenes was able to elicit systemic protection against a lethal challenge of B16 tumor cells expressing ovalbumin. These data demonstrate the selectivity of invasin-mediated invasion to the Peyer's patches and indicate the potential of nonpathogenic, invasive E. coli as an oral vaccine with applications in immunotherapy.
Informed Consent: I
Authors: Leslie J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

IN RECENT years physicians have become increasingly concerned over developments relating to the doctrine of informed consent. To a certain extent, this is part of the general concern over the increasing incidence of malpractice litigation and the growing cost of malpractice insurance. But there is also concern over several unique aspects of the informed consent doctrine that do not occur in other areas of the law of professional liability. First, many courts have adopted a rule that requires a physician to disclose to a patient all information that may be relevant to the patient's decision to undergo treatment. This rule is a departure from the older approach, which judged disclosure of information to patients by a professional standard. Thus, in many states it is possible for a physician to be found liable for failing to obtain a patient's informed consent, even if there is no evidence that the physician's behavior
Abstract 3: Induction of mitochondrial autophagy in leukemia by the Bcl-2 quadruplex-forming sequence
Authors: Kara C. Sedoris, Cortney R. Clarkson, Shelia D. Thomas, Donald M. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Bcl-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2), a mitochondrial membrane oncoprotein functioning as an inhibitor of apoptosis, is commonly overexpressed in a variety of hematological malignancies promoting apoptotic resistance. Inhibition of Bcl-2 may result in sustained regression of leukemia/lymphoma. The promoters of several cancer-related oncogenes, including Bcl-2, contain sequences within nuclease hypersensitivity regions capable of forming quadruplex (four-stranded) DNA. The Bcl-2 quadruplex-forming sequence (Bcl-2 q, 23 bp) is located upstream of the P1 promoter of the Bcl-2 gene and is implicated in negative regulation of Bcl-2 transcription, however, the biological role of this sequence remains unclear. We hypothesize that treatment of leukemia cells with an oligonucleotide encoding Bcl-2 q induces cell death by inhibiting Bcl-2 gene expression. To determine the biological role of the Bcl-2 q on leukemic cell proliferation, U937 cells were treated with Bcl-2 q or the corresponding mutant sequence (MutBcl-2), which lacks runs of two or more guanines. Our results demonstrate that Bcl-2 q formed a stable parallel quadruplex structure and showed remarkable serum and intracellular stability. Treatment of leukemia cells with Bcl-2 q caused a significant dose and time-dependent decrease in cell proliferation after 3 and 6 days (IC50&amp;lt;5µM), which was not a result of cell cycle arrest. No change in growth of non-transformed stromal cells occurred in response to Bcl-2 q indicating the effect is specific for malignant cells. Confocal and flow cytometry analysis of cells treated with FITC-labeled Bcl-2 q or MutBcl-2 showed prominent uptake and nuclear localization of Bcl-2 q in contrast to MutBcl-2. Inhibition of cell proliferation corresponded with decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. This resulted in decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and significant autophagic degradation of mitochondria, characteristic of mitophagy. Induction of mitophagy was associated with increased Beclin-1 and LC3B expression and disruption of Bcl-2/Beclin-1 interaction. These results demonstrate striking growth inhibition in response to Bcl-2 q related to inhibition of Bcl-2 expression and induction of mitochondrial autophagy and shows considerable therapeutic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3
Emergence of Drug-Resistant Pneumococcal Infections in the United States
Authors: Robert F. Breiman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate drug susceptibility patterns of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>in selected hospitals in the United States and to characterize the epidemiology of invasive drug-resistant pneumococcal infections. <h3>Design.</h3> —Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a variety of commonly used antimicrobial drugs were determined for pneumococcal isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Risk factors for drug-resistant pneumococcal infection were evaluated. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Hospital laboratories in the United States submitting pneumococcal isolates to the CDC between October 1, 1991, and September 30, 1992. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 544 persons with pneumococci isolated from normally sterile sites. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 13 hospitals in 12 states actively participated in an ongoing pneumococcal surveillance study. Resistance to penicillin was detected in 6.6% of isolates, including 1.3% of isolates with MICs of 2.0 μg/mL or more (compared with &lt;0.02% of isolates with MIC ≥2.0 μg/mL identified by CDC surveillance from 1979 to 1987). A total of 16.4% were resistant to at least one of the following drugs or drug classes: penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides, combination trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Six serotypes (6B, 23F, 14, 9V, 19A, and 19F) accounted for nearly 85% of strains resistant to at least one drug class. Children were more likely than adults to be infected with strains resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, or chloramphenicol. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections will present critical challenges to clinicians for treating patients with pneumococcal disease. Widened and intensified surveillance is needed. These data suggest that current recommendations for use of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines should be aggressively promoted and that development and evaluation of new conjugate pneumococcal vaccines may be a crucial part of strategies for prevention. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1831-1835)
Doctors struggle to define the essence of being a doctor
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Senior doctors hit a blank last week when they were asked to define their profession and left a sense of dissatisfaction among colleagues at a meeting entitled “Do we still need doctors?”

Professor Graeme Catto, president of the General Medical Council, said that because of the erosion of boundaries between different healthcare professionals, it was “important that we define more clearly than …
Correction of Mitral Insufficiency under Direct Vision
Authors: EARLE B. KAY, CID NOGUEIRA, H. A. ZIMMERMAN
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The incompetent valves in the majority of patients with mitral regurgitation can be surgically corrected by the technics described above. The ease and effectiveness of the correction are largely dependent upon the severity of the pathologic process. The roles of chronic myocarditis, myocardial failure, pulmonary vascular sclerosis, and the presence of other valvular defects are important factors in the eventual result. Fortunately, the abnormality in the majority of valves can be corrected, and the myocardial reserve is usually sufficient to provide satisfactory function. With continued progress in this field, earlier surgical intervention, and probably less severe disease from improved treatment, better results can be anticipated in the future.
Recipe for Hearing Loss: Noise, Hypertension and Fatty Diet
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"NOISE IS the most impertinent of all forms of interruption. It is not only an interruption, but also a disruption of thought," said 19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. As more Americans live—and work— longer, the collective burden of urban din, hypertension, and high cholesterol diets may disrupt not only their ability to hear themselves think, but also to hear the world around them, according to recent research by Harold C. Pillsbury, MD. Hearing loss may appear to be an inevitable part of aging, but studies of hearing among tribes living in quiet, remote areas of the Sudan show that presbycusis (high-frequency nerve hearing loss in the aged) is not inevitable (<i>Trans AAOO</i>1964;68:433-444). And while there is an extensive body of literature demonstrating the effects of noise on hearing loss, the intrusion of noise alone may not completely explain the degree of hearing loss among industrial populations, according to Pillsbury,
Combined effects of different interleukin-28B gene variants on the outcome of dual combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus type 1 infection
Authors: Janett Fischer, Stephan Böhm, Markus Scholz, Tobias Müller, Heiko Witt, Jacob George, Christoph Sarrazin, Simone Susser, Eckart Schott, Vijayaprakash Suppiah, David R. Booth, Graeme J. Stewart, Florian van Bömmel, Annika Brodzinski, Balazs Fülöp, Pascal Migaud, Thomas Berg
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

In patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, several variants of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene have been shown to correlate significantly with a sustained virologic response (SVR). Recent evidence shows that determination of one single IL28B polymorphism, rs12979860, is sufficient for predicting treatment outcome. We examined whether the combined determination of the IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12979860, rs8099917, rs12980275, and rs8103142, might improve the prediction of SVR in patients with HCV. In the study cohort, 54% of 942 patients with chronic HCV type 1 infection had SVR. The IL28B SNPs, rs12979860CC and rs8099917TT, correlated significantly with SVR (68% and 62%). The SNPs, rs12980275 and rs8103142, were in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs12979860 and were not included in further analysis. In homozygous carriers of the rs12979860 responder allele C, additional genotyping of the rs8099917 SNP had no effect on response prediction, whereas in carriers of the rs12979860 nonresponder allele, the rs8099917 SNP improved the response prediction. In heterozygous carriers of the rs12979860 nonresponder T allele, SVR rates were 55% in the presence of the rs8099917TT genotype and 40% in patients carrying the rs8099917 TG or GG genotype. Analysis of an independent confirmation cohort of 377 HCV type 1–infected patients verified the significant difference in SVR rates between the combined genotypes, rs12979860CT/rs8099917TT and rs12979860CT/rs8099917TG (38% versus 21%; P = 0.018). Conclusion: Treatment outcome prediction could not be improved in homozygous carriers of the IL28B rs12979860 C responder allele by the additional determination of the rs8099917 SNP. There is evidence that a significant proportion of heterozygous carriers of the rs12979860 T nonresponder allele can profit with respect to SVR prediction by further determination of the rs8099917 SNP.
Induction of Labour with Prostaglandins E1 and E2
Authors: M. P. Embrey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The use of intravenous infusions of prostaglandin E (E(1) or E(2)) for the induction of labour was studied in 25 patients at or near term. Labour was successfully induced in 23 patients. The pattern of uterine motility produced resembled that of normal labour. No hypertonus was recorded nor were there any undesirable side-effects.
CXCR5-Mediated Shaping of the Lymphoid Follicle in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Mònica López-Guerra, Sílvia Xargay-Torrent, Dolors Colomer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Heinig and colleagues, using the Eμ-Tcl1 mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), shed light on the trafficking routes of CLL cells into the protective microenvironmental niches in secondary lymphoid organs. The authors propose a crucial role of the resident follicular dendritic cells for leukemia pathogenesis that is essentially orchestrated by the chemokine receptor CXCR5.
TCT-388 Impact of main branch selection on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main coronary artery disease: a substudy from the DELTA registry.
Authors: Emanuele Meliga, Ottavio Alfieri, Marta Bande, Pawel E. Buszman, Tarun Chakravarty, Alaide Chieffo, Antonio Colombo, Maria Rosa Conte, Mauro De Benedictis, Andrejs Erglis, Jean Fajadet, Sanda Jegere, Azeem Latib, Thierry Lefevre, Martin Leon, Raj Makkar, Roxana Mehran, Marie-Claude Morice, Jeffrey W. Moses, Christoph Naber, Yoshinobu Onuma, Igor Palacios, Seung-Jung Park, Innocenzo Scrocca, Patrick W. Serruys, Corrado Tamburino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ETHYLENE ANESTHESIA IN INFANCY
Authors: John S. Lundy
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 3, in answer to an inquiry on general anesthetics for children and infants, the statement was made that "many operations have been done with ethylene on children even as young as 1 year of age without any untoward results." InThe Journal, Feb. 9, 1924, I reported the use of ethylene in infants the oldest of whom was 35 days old.
Phase 2 study of the lenalidomide and azacitidine combination in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Mikkael A. Sekeres, Ramon V. Tiu, Rami Komrokji, Jeffrey Lancet, Anjali S. Advani, Manuel Afable, Ricki Englehaupt, Joyce Juersivich, David Cuthbertson, Jennifer Paleveda, Ali Tabarroki, Valeria Visconte, Hideki Makishima, Andres Jerez, Ronald Paquette, Alan F. List, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2012)
The role of leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic asthma in childhood
Authors: John O. Warner
Journal: Allergy (2001)

A considerable increase in the prevalence of childhood asthma over the last few decades has been mirrored by a dramatic increase in usage of anti-asthma drugs; however, there has been no reduction in the numbers of patients dying of asthma. Concern has been expressed about the development of tolerance with continuous use of inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators and about the potential adverse systemic effects of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids in children. Moreover, patient compliance with inhaled therapy tends to be poor. The leukotriene receptor antagonists, including montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast, are orally administered agents with proven benefits in asthma. In a large, placebo-controlled pediatric trial, montelukast significantly (P < 0.02) reduced requirements for rescue beta-agonist bronchodilators, improved quality of life, reduced the circulating level of blood eosinophils and produced improvements in lung function. In adult studies, montelukast reduced sputum eosinophils and attenuated early and late phase allergen-induced reactions. Montelukast has also demonstrated protective effects against exercise-induced bronchospasm in both adults and children, and this protection was maintained during the trough period at the end of the once-daily administration interval (namely, 20-24 h post-dose). Several studies have demonstrated that the formation of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airways of asthmatic patients is not suppressed by corticosteroids; thus, it is not surprising that montelukast demonstrates complementary effects when given with inhaled corticosteroids. Currently, the most compelling evidence from published trials suggests that leukotriene receptor antagonists can be used as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids to allow tapering of corticosteroid dose and reduction in beta-agonist use. Recent clinical trial results suggest there may also be a role for these agents as first-line therapy in children with mild asthma.
Better access to personal data is urgently needed to improve health for all
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Restricted access, confusing regulations, and stifling bureaucracy surrounding the use of personal medical data have hindered advances in public health care, says a report. Urgent reform is needed to allow researchers access to data that can help identify the cause of disease, the impact of treatment, and ways of improving health services.

The report, which has been produced by the independent Academy of Medical Sciences and partly funded by Cancer Research …
Digitalis and William Withering, the clinical investigator.
Authors: S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1975)

InvestigatorW ILLIAM WITHERING began to use dig- italis for dropsical cases during 1775.The first recorded use of digitalis was on December 8 of that year when he administered a "decoction of fol.digital." to a man about 50 years of age who com- plained "of an asthma."As a result of the therapy, the patient "made a large quantity of water," " His breath gradually drew easier, his belly subsided, and in about ten days he began to eat with a keen appetite."This month marks the 200th anniversary of the introduc- tion of this great therapeutic agent into modern clinical practice.William Withering, the son of a physician, was born on March 17, 1741 in Shropshire, England (fig. 1).At age 25, he obtained a medical degree from Edinburgh University.He was a student of natural history and in 1776 published his first book on the botanical arrange- ment of all the vegetables naturally growing in Great Britain.In 1783, he had to give up practice for many months because of ill health from pulmonary tuberculosis and used this time to write his classic work "An Account of the Foxglove" which was published in 1785 (fig.2).During 1785, he is reputed to have traveled over 6000 miles by horse and carriage to visit and consult on patients and also received the great ac- colade of being elected Fellow of the Royal Society.Ill health continued to plague him and from 1790 through 1793 he could not work for months at a time.He retired prematurely in 1796 and died of pulmonary tuberculosis on October 6, 1799 at the age of 58.
Cancer centre provides space for patients to “explore their thoughts”
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A new support centre for people with cancer, the latest in a series of Maggie’s Caring Centres around Britain, has opened at Charing Cross Hospital in west London. The centres are based on the vision of the late Maggie Keswick Jencks, a writer on Chinese gardens, of places to provide high quality support for …