tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of the Proarrhythmic Preconditioning of Single Premature Extrastimuli by Use of the Magnitude, Phase, and Distribution of Repolarization Alternans
Authors: Sanjiv M. Narayan, Bruce D. Lindsay, Joseph M. Smith
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We hypothesized that single premature extrastimuli (S 2 ) insufficient to induce reentry produce proarrhythmic effects (proarrhythmic preconditioning) that are measurable by use of the magnitude, phase, and temporal distribution of repolarization alternans (RPA; alternate-beat fluctuations in ECG repolarization). Methods and Results —Before programmed electrical stimulation (PES), surface ECG leads I, aVF, and V 1 were recorded in 30 patients during simultaneous atrial and ventricular pacing at 500 ms with S 2 coupling intervals (CIs) decreasing from 400 to 240 ms in 20-ms steps. We determined RPA magnitude (V alt ) as the 0.5-cycle/beat peak after spectral decomposition of consecutive STU intervals over 64 beats immediately preceding and following each S 2 , RPA phase reversals as discontinuities in the even/odd phase of STU alternation, and RPA distribution as the time point of median RPA magnitude within repolarization. Eighteen patients were induced into ventricular tachycardia (VT), whereas 12 were not. Extrastimuli dynamically modulated each characteristic of RPA. S 2 augmented V alt in inducible (8.2±2.3 versus 6.2±1.6 μV; P =0.003) but not noninducible patients. S 2 reversed RPA phase more in inducible than in noninducible patients (56.7% versus 45.3%; P =0.02 by χ 2 ), particularly when CI was ≤300 ms (66.3% versus 46.5%; P =0.006). Finally, S 2 redistributed RPA significantly later within repolarization in inducible patients. Each effect was more marked for CI ≤300 ms. Conclusions —A single S 2 increases RPA magnitude, reverses its phase, and redistributes it later in repolarization in patients with the substrates for VT. These effects become more pronounced with shorter coupling intervals. These results suggest that it is possible to track the dynamic proarrhythmic preconditioning of single premature depolarizations.
Activity of Crizotinib (PF02341066), a Dual Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitor, in a Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patient with De Novo MET Amplification
Authors: Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Eunice L. Kwak, Christina Siwak-Tapp, Joni Dy, Kristin Bergethon, Jeffrey W. Clark, D. Ross Camidge, Benjamin J. Solomon, Robert G. Maki, Yung-Jue Bang, Dong-Wan Kim, James Christensen, Weiwei Tan, Keith D. Wilner, Ravi Salgia, A. John Iafrate
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Effect of long-term exercise on regional myocardial function and coronary collateral development after gradual coronary artery occlusion in pigs.
Authors: D M Roth, F C White, M L Nichols, S L Dobbs, J C Longhurst, C M Bloor
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The effect of myocardial ischemia, induced by long-term exercise, on regional myocardial function and coronary collateral development was examined in pigs after gradual occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) with an ameroid occluder. Thirty days after surgery, regional myocardial function and blood flow were assessed during exercise in 22 pigs separated into exercise (n = 12) and sedentary groups (n = 10). The exercise group trained on a treadmill for 25 +/- 1 days, 30-50 min/day, at heart rates of 210-220 beats/min. After 5 weeks, another exercise test was performed. In the exercise group, after training, we observed an improvement in systolic wall thickening, expressed as a percentage of rest, in the collateral-dependent LCx region from 64 +/- 8% to 87 +/- 6% (p less than 0.01) at moderate exercise levels (220 beats/min) and from 45 +/- 7% to 73 +/- 7% (p less than 0.01) at severe exercise levels (265 beats/min). Transmural myocardial blood flow in the LCx region expressed as a ratio of flow in the nonoccluded region of the left ventricle also increased significantly (p less than 0.01) during severe exercise after 5 weeks. The sedentary group showed an improvement in systolic wall thickening in the LCx region during moderate exercise compared with the initial exercise test (p less than 0.05) but no significant change in systolic wall thickening or myocardial blood flow ratios during severe exercise after 5 weeks. We conclude that long-term exercise after gradual LCx coronary artery occlusion in pigs improves myocardial function and coronary collateral reserve in collateral-dependent myocardium during exercise.
Transfer of pelger‐huet anomaly by bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Ann M. Barton, Beth C. Macleod, E. D. Thomas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract A marrow transplant was performed on a patient with refractory acute myelomonocytic leukemia using marrow from a sibling donor with congenital Pelger‐Huet anomaly (P‐H). The patient, free of P‐H prior to transplant, subsequently acquired the anomaly, thus providing a useful means of demonstrating engraftment of donor cells.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes.
Authors: M B Mattock, J H Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cachexia-inducing tumours are encountered in mice; a chemically induced cachexia-producing murine gastric carcinoma has been described previously.2It is suggested that the use of such tumours would avoid the complications underlying the system developed by Dr Strain and his colleagues-that is, xenografts of a human hypernephroma in immunodepressed mice.In the case of our tumours the effect of diet modification would seem to provide a valuable opening for experimental investiga- tions relevant to clinical cancer cachexia.
The SL autoantibody-antigen system: clinical and biochemical studies.
Authors: R M Bernstein, S H Morgan, C C Bunn, R C Gainey, G R Hughes, M B Mathews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

A recently described autoantibody, SL, was found in serum from 27 patients with autoimmune disease, including 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where the frequently was 7%. Analysis of clinical, serological, and HLA data from 119 SLE patients showed no positive associations with anti-SL antibody apart from a higher frequency of non-infective fever. Most SL positive sera contained other precipitins, notably antibodies to Ro(SS-A) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA. Anti-SL IgG recognised a protein of 32 000 daltons without associated RNA. This polypeptide was distinguished from a similarly sized component of the Sm and RNP ribonucleoprotein particles by demonstrating different products of partial proteolysis. Although anti-SL antibody is of limited clinical importance, it occurs with twice the frequency of anti-SM antibody in white patients with SLE. Preliminary studies indicate that SL and the Japanese Ki system are identical.
Abnormalities in vascular arachidonic acid metabolism in the infant of the diabetic mother.
Authors: M J Stuart, S G Sunderji, R W Walenga, B N Setty
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The infant of the diabetic mother has an increased incidence of thromboses in utero and in the neonatal period. In the adult with diabetes a decrease in prostacyclin formation has been suggested as a cause for the atherothrombotic tendency. We therefore evaluated arachidonic acid metabolism in infants of diabetic mothers. Endogenous radioimmunoassayable 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) was normal in umbilical vessels obtained from the infants of diabetic mothers whose glucose homoeostasis was maintained when compared with control values. Nevertheless, a significant inhibition of vascular production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was observed in infants born to mothers with raised HbA1C concentrations. A decrease in the concentration of plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha was also seen in the infants of diabetic mothers when compared with control neonates. The correlation observed between plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations and endogenous vascular prostacyclin formation in the infants of diabetic mothers indicates that the in vitro deficiency of prostacyclin formation reflects a concomitant in vivo abnormality.
Glioblastoma expression of vitronectin and the alpha v beta 3 integrin. Adhesion mechanism for transformed glial cells.
Authors: C L Gladson, D A Cheresh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant astroglial-derived tumor, grows as an adherent mass and locally invades normal brain. An examination of adult cerebral glioblastoma biopsy material for the expression of adhesive proteins that might potentiate adhesion and invasion demonstrated tumor cell-associated vitronectin (5/5). In contrast, vitronectin was not detected associated with glial cells in low grade astroglial tumors (0/4), reactive astrogliosis (0/4), or in normal adult cortex and cerebral white matter (0/5). Also, a wide variety of other adhesive ligands were absent from the glioblastoma tumor parenchyma. The alpha v beta 3 integrin was the only vitronectin receptor identified in glioblastoma tumors in situ, and was also not expressed on low grade astroglial-derived tumors, reactive astrogliosis, or on glia or neurons in normal adult cortex and cerebral white matter. In a cell attachment assay, cultured glioblastoma cells attached to the parenchyma of glioblastoma tumor cryostat sections at the sites of vitronectin expression, but failed to attach to normal brain. This adhesion was inhibited by antibodies directed against vitronectin, the alpha v beta 3 integrin, and with an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide. These data provide evidence for a cell adhesion mechanism in glioblastoma tumors that might potentiate glioblastoma cell invasion of normal brain.
A Wake-Up Call in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: John E. Heffner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In few other areas of medicine is the saying “you can't get something for nothing” more true than in the intensive care unit. Modern advances in critical care have offered patients opportunities for survival that did not exist in earlier eras. The invasive therapeutic interventions and round-the-clock monitoring that constitute these advances, however, have created a potentially harrowing experience for many patients. The price often paid for survival includes sleep deprivation, pain, anxiety, depression, agitation, and delirium. Unfortunately, no data support the presumption that naturally occurring amnesia protects patients from these discomforts. More than 70 percent of patients vividly recollect . . .
Smoking and blindness
Authors: Simon P Kelly, Judith Thornton, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Richard Edwards, Paul Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Strong evidence for the link, but public awareness lags 

While most people and many patients attending eye clinics recognise many adverse health hazards of tobacco smoking, they remain largely unaware of its link with blindness. Although smoking is associated with several eye diseases, including nuclear cataractw1 w2 and thyroid eye disease,w3 the most common cause of smoking related blindness is age related macular degeneration, which results in severe irreversible loss of central vision. Current treatment options are of only partial benefit to selected patients. Identifying modifiable risk factors to inform efforts for prevention is a priority.

A risk factor is generally judged to be a cause of disease if certain causality criteria are fulfilled.w4 Applying commonly used criteriaw4 to available evidence provides strong evidence of a causal link between tobacco smoking and age related macular degeneration. The strength of association is confirmed in a pooled analysis of data from three cross sectional studies, totalling 12 468 participants, in which current smokers had a significant threefold to fourfold increased age adjusted risk of age related macular degeneration compared with never smokers.1 By way of comparison, although the relative risks associated …
Resection of Carotid Body for Asthma
Authors: Julius H. Comroe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For many years I have been actively engaged in the study of regulation of respiration (especially the reflex regulation of breathing by the chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies) and in the evaluation of pulmonary function in man (especially in patients with cardiopulmonary disease, including asthma). For these reasons, I was particularly interested in the article by Richard Overholt entitled "Resection of Carotid Body (Cervical Glomectomy) for Asthma," that appeared in the June 9, 1962, issue ofThe Journal(vol 180, p 809). Although the older work dealing with the effects of stimulation of the carotid body on airway resistance (Daly, M. De B., and Schweitzer, A.:<i>J Physiol</i><b>113:</b>442, 1951) suggested that a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen<i>dilates</i>the airways, there is some justification for carotid body denervation in the more recent work of Widdicombe and Nadel (<i>J Physiol [London]</i><b>163:</b>13,
Using Biologic Markers in Blood to Assess Exposure to Multiple Environmental Chemicals for Inner-City Children 3–6 Years of Age
Authors: Ken Sexton, John L. Adgate, Ann L. Fredrickson, Andrew D. Ryan, Larry L. Needham, David L. Ashley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We assessed concurrent exposure to a mixture of > 50 environmental chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their metabolites in the blood of 43 ethnically diverse children (3-6 years of age) from a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood in Minneapolis. Over a 2-year period, additional samples were collected every 6-12 months from as many children as possible. We analyzed blood samples for 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 2 heavy metals (lead and mercury, 11 organochlorine (OC) pesticides or related compounds, and 30 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The evidence suggests that numerous VOCs originated from common sources, as did many PCBs. Longitudinal measurements indicate that between-child variance was greater than within-child variance for two VOCs (benzene, toluene), for both heavy metals (Pb, Hg), for all detectable OC pesticides, and for 15 of the measured PCB congeners (74, 99, 101, 118, 138-158, 146, 153, 156, 170, 178, 180, 187, 189, 194, 195). Despite the relatively small sample size, highest measured blood levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, styrene, m-/p-xylene, Pb, Hg, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p -DDE), trans-nonachlor, and PCB congeners 74, 99, 105, 118, 138, 146, 153, 156, 170, and 180 were comparable with or higher than 95th percentile measurements of older children and adults from national surveys. Results demonstrate that cumulative exposures to multiple environmental carcinogens and neurotoxins can be comparatively high for children from a poor inner-city neighborhood.
Cutaneous Form of Bovine Papular Stomatitis in Man
Authors: Karl F. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A cutaneous form of bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) infection was diagnosed in eight persons at the School of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University, Auburn, Ala. The initial outbreak occurred in five persons who were involved in the care of a bull that required manual placement of an oral feeding tube. Confirmation of diagnosis was based on clinical findings, cytopathological effects in tissue culture, and isolation of typical paravaccinia virus particles in tissue culture. Transmission studies were performed successfully in three normal calves using tissue culture prepared from human biopsy material. In man, the cutaneous form of BPS infection shows gross lesions similar to the cutaneous form of contagious ecthyma ("orf") or pseudocowpox ("milkers' nodules") infection. Because BPS in cattle occurs most often without evidence of readily observable lesions, unlike contagious ecthyma in sheep or pseudocowpox in cattle, the transmission of BPS to man in the cutaneous form could occur without apparent source. The mild clinical manifestations make the condition relatively minor; however, the occasional case may have more severe lesions.
Mina, an Il4 repressor, controls T helper type 2 bias
Authors: Mariko Okamoto, Melanie Van Stry, Linda Chung, Madoka Koyanagi, Xizhang Sun, Yoshie Suzuki, Osamu Ohara, Hiroshi Kitamura, Atsushi Hijikata, Masato Kubo, Mark Bix
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Relationship between patients' age, bone marrow karyotype, and outcome of induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Ph. Bernard, F. Lacombe, J. Reiffers, B. David, G. Marit, M. J. Bourdeau, A. Broustet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Bone marrow karyotypes were performed in 88 cases of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at diagnosis and classified NN (normal), AA (abnormal), and AN (mixture of normal and abnormal metaphases). A clear relationship was found between karyotype and complete remission (CR) rate: 58% CR in (NN + AN) cases; 14% CR in AA cases (P &lt; .009). This relationship was even stronger when only patients under 60 years of age were studied. Considering failures of induction treatment, no relationship was found between the NN/AN/AA classification and a drug resistance. In patients over 60, the worse prognosis could be explained by an inferior ability to tolerate intensive treatment.
e-Prescribing Barrier
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Meta-analysis: Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Assessing Steno-occlusions in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Jan Menke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a noninvasive, radiation-free imaging method for studying peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities. Purpose: To summarize evidence of prospective studies about how well MRA identifies or excludes arterial steno-occlusions (50% to 100% lumen reduction) in adults with PAD symptoms. Data Sources: PubMed and 3 other databases were searched from 1998 to 2009 without language restrictions. Study Selection: Two independent reviewers selected 32 studies that compared MRA with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in PAD. Eligible studies were prospective and provided data to reconstruct 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 contingency tables (<50% stenosis vs. ≥50% stenosis or occlusion of arterial segments) in at least 10 patients with PAD symptoms. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the study data, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: The 32 included studies generally had high methodological quality. About 26% of the 1022 included patients had critical limb ischemia with pain at rest or tissue loss. Overall, the pooled sensitivity of MRA was 94.7% (95% CI, 92.1% to 96.4%) and the specificity was 95.6% (CI, 94.0% to 96.8%) for diagnosing segmental steno-occlusions. The pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were 21.56 (CI, 15.70 to 29.69) and 0.056 (CI, 0.037 to 0.083), respectively. Magnetic resonance angiography correctly classified 95.3%, overstaged 3.1%, and understaged 1.6% of arterial segments. Limitation: Similar to most studies of computed tomographic angiography in PAD, the primary studies reported the diagnostic accuracy of MRA on a per-segment basis, not a per-patient basis. Conclusion: This meta-analysis of 32 prospective studies further increases the evidence that contrast-enhanced MRA has high accuracy for identifying or excluding clinically relevant arterial steno-occlusions in adults with PAD symptoms. Primary Funding Source: None.
Deletion of the potassium channel Kv12.2 causes hippocampal hyperexcitability and epilepsy
Authors: Xiaofei Zhang, Federica Bertaso, Jong W Yoo, Karsten Baumgärtel, Sinead M Clancy, Van Lee, Cynthia Cienfuegos, Carly Wilmot, Jacqueline Avis, Truc Hunyh, Catherine Daguia, Christian Schmedt, Jeffrey Noebels, Timothy Jegla
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Sien-Sing Yang, Nai-Shin Chu, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were obtained from 30 patients primarily with viral hepatitis to determine the functional status of the brainstem in hepatic encephalopathy. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 with compensated hepatic diseases; Group 2 with hepatic failure but no hepatic encephalopathy; Group 3 with Grade 1 or 2 hepatic encephalopathy, and Group 4 with Grade 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy. The brainstem auditory evoked potential central conduction times (I-V interval) of four patient groups were not significantly different from that of the age-matched control group. The present data suggest that the brainstem auditory pathways remain undisturbed in hepatic encephalopathy.
A memorable patient: Deceived by appearances
Authors: J. Napier
Journal: BMJ (1997)

He was only a few years older than me, with a friendly smile. His muscular physique and bronzed complexion were, he told me proudly, the result of a working life spent mainly in the fresh air. It was the second week of my first house job, and he was the first patient on the list for minor day case surgery. I was pleased to see a fit young man–clerking him would be an easy job.

His medical history was brief; he had rarely consulted a doctor. I chided him on his smoking habit and moved on quickly to the physical examination. His chest was clear, his cardiovascular system normal. His abdomen was firm and difficult to palpate, but …