tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A post-traumatic pulsatile nodule in the right pre-auricular region
Authors: E. Skelton, A. B. Moody, H. J. Anderson, D. C. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 48 year old window fitter was referred directly from his general practitioner to the maxillofacial department with an eight week history of a painless, slowly enlarging nodule in his right pre-auricular region. He had noticed the lump shortly after a minor bump on his head at work. He was otherwise fit and well.

Clinical examination confirmed a 10 mm firm and pulsatile nodule in the pre-auricular region. It was non-tender and non-fixed. Differential diagnoses included epidermal inclusion (sebaceous) cyst and lipoma. However, given his history of minor trauma, the maxillofacial team requested an ultrasound examination to confirm the nature of the lesion before further intervention.

Duplex ultrasound examination of the right pre-auricular region showed a pulsatile nodule adjacent to the superficial temporal artery and right parotid gland that contained turbulent arterialised blood flow. Tortuous afferent and efferent arterialised vessels were also seen adjacent to the parotid gland.



### 1. What are the differential diagnoses for a pulsatile mass in this location?

#### Answer

A pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery, true aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, vascular tumour, and mass overlying the artery with transmitted pulsations.

#### Discussion

From clinical assessment and duplex ultrasound examination, the patient was diagnosed as having a pseudoaneurysm of the right superficial temporal artery. Duplex ultrasound examination of the right pre-auricular region (fig 1⇓) showed a nodule of pulsatility adjacent to the superficial temporal artery and right parotid gland.



Fig 1 Duplex ultrasound image of the right pre-auricular region showing a hypoechoic mass (arrowheads) containing central turbulent arterialised blood flow (C). Tortuous afferent (A) and efferent (B) arterial vessels are seen lying adjacent to the right parotid gland (P). The anatomical location of the vessels makes them consistent with the superficial temporal artery …
Retinal Hemorrhages in Subacute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: James S. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Three incidences of carbon monoxide poisoning occurred owing to defective heating systems. Twelve persons were affected; of these, three lost their lives. Because the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning closely resemble flu and other common illnesses, correct diagnosis was not made as promptly as it might have been. Hemorrhages were found in the nerve fiber layer of the retina in all five of the patients who had been exposed for more than 12 hours. It is our contention, therefore, that complete examination of the patient should always include ohthalmoscopy, and that the finding of retinal hemorrhages, in addition to nausea, headache, and dizziness, should aler the physician to the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Some Remarks on Slaughter
Authors: WILLIAM BARRY GAULT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

During the author's two years as an Army psychiatrist, he learned that many relatively normal young men he interviewed had observed or participated in the slaughter of defenseless Vietnamese people. Six psychological, social, and mechanical principles contributed to the occurrence of such slaughter; the universalization of the enemy; the "cartoonization" of the victim; the dilution of responsibility; the pressure to act; the natural dominance of the psychopath; and the ready availability of firepower.
Predicting Hospitalization for Heat-Related Illness at the Census-Tract Level: Accuracy of a Generic Heat Vulnerability Index in Phoenix, Arizona (USA)
Authors: Wen-Ching Chuang, Patricia Gober
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundVulnerability mapping based on vulnerability indices is a pragmatic approach for highlighting the areas in a city where people are at the greatest risk of harm from heat, but the manner in which vulnerability is conceptualized influences the results.ObjectivesWe tested a generic national heat-vulnerability index, based on a 10-variable indicator framework, using data on heat-related hospitalizations in Phoenix, Arizona. We also identified potential local risk factors not included in the generic indicators.MethodsTo evaluate the accuracy of the generic index in a city-specific context, we used factor scores, derived from a factor analysis using census tract–level characteristics, as independent variables, and heat hospitalizations (with census tracts categorized as zero-, moderate-, or high-incidence) as dependent variables in a multinomial logistic regression model. We also compared the geographical differences between a vulnerability map derived from the generic index and one derived from actual heat-related hospitalizations at the census-tract scale.ResultsWe found that the national-indicator framework correctly classified just over half (54%) of census tracts in Phoenix. Compared with all census tracts, high-vulnerability tracts that were misclassified by the index as zero-vulnerability tracts had higher average income and higher proportions of residents with a duration of residency < 5 years.ConclusionThe generic indicators of vulnerability are useful, but they are sensitive to scale, measurement, and context. Decision makers need to consider the characteristics of their cities to determine how closely vulnerability maps based on generic indicators reflect actual risk of harm.CitationChuang WC, Gober P. 2015. Predicting hospitalization for heat-related illness at the census-tract level: accuracy of a generic heat vulnerability index in Phoenix, Arizona (USA). Environ Health Perspect 123:606–612; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307868
Plantar Warts
Authors: Edward C. Branson, Robert L. Rhea
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

INJECTION of plantar warts with 1 per cent novocain relieved symptoms in 95 per cent of cases and cured the warts in 73 per cent of cases in a series of 48 patients with this common and painful malady. The simplicity and ease with which the treatment can be given and the absence of disability and pain recommend this method. All treatments are given on an outpatient basis except in an occasional severe case with multiple warts.The idea for this simple and effective treatment was suggested by an accidental observation made by a surgical technician,§ who, having been approached . . .
Federal Program Nourishes Poor Elderly
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A QUARTER CENTURY after it was established, the federal Elderly Nutrition Program (ENP) is helping millions of older Americans to meet or exceed recommendations for a healthy diet. The program also provides another kind of sustenance, helping the elderly live potentially longer, healthier lives by increasing their contact with other people. The ENP "is a wonderful model for community-based long-term care," said Barbara Millen, DrPH, associate dean for research at Boston University's School of Public Health. Millen, along with James Ohls, PhD, and Michael Ponza, PhD, investigators at Mathematica Policy Research Inc in Princeton, NJ, evaluated several aspects of the program by interviewing 1040 people who visited ENP sites for meals and 818 who received meals at home. They also surveyed 841 matched controls. The study was part of a congressionally mandated ENP evaluation. "On every research question that Congress raised, the program demonstrated that it's not only effective, but
Immunologic Lung Disease
Authors: Michael Schatz, Roy Patterson, Jordan Fink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN 1972, McCombs published an elegant review of diseases due to immunologic reactions in the lungs.1 Since then, intense interest in pulmonary immunology has provided new insights into the role of immunologic mechanisms in many pulmonary diseases. It is the purpose of this review to survey the diseases of the lung in which immunologic mechanisms seem important and to present current concepts regarding their immunopathogeneses.Diseases Related to Single Immunologic MechanismsAlthough it is probably an oversimplification to consider any immunologic disorder a manifestation of only one mechanism, there are several pulmonary diseases in which one type of immunologic reaction . . .
Interatrial differences of basal molecular set‐up and changes in tachycardia‐induced heart failure–a proteomic profiling study
Authors: Alexander Dietl, Ingrid Winkel, Rainer Deutzmann, Josef Schröder, Julian Hupf, Günter Riegger, Andreas Luchner, Christoph Birner
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Abstract LB-447: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and brain cancer
Authors: Sarah E. Daugherty, Steve Moore, Ruth Pfeiffer, Yikyung Park, Preetha Rajaraman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Several case-control studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce risk for glioblastoma multiforme, a very aggressive form of brain cancer. Limited prospective investigations, on the other hand, have not observed an association between regular use of aspirin and brain cancer; however, these studies generally had small numbers of brain cancer, and did not investigate the association with NSAIDs by histologic subtype. We investigated the association between use of NSAIDs and glioma, and more specifically glioblastoma multiforme, in a large prospective study, the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. The frequency of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use one year prior to baseline was ascertained using a self-administered questionnaire. Study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models with age as the underlying time metric adjusted for sex, race, and history of heart disease. The analysis included 302,767 individuals, with 341 incident glioma and 257 glioblastoma multiforme cases. Preliminary results indicated no association between regular use (more than 2 times per week) of aspirin and risk of glioma (HR=1.16; 95% CI:0.87–1.56) or glioblastoma multiforme (HR=1.17; 95% CI:0.83–1.65) compared to never users. Null associations were also observed among regular non-aspirin NSAIDs users and risk of glioma (HR=0.90; 95% CI:0.65–1.25) and glioblastoma multiforme (HR=0.83; 95% CI:0.56–1.22) compared to never users. Our findings from this large prospective study do not support an inverse association between NSAIDs and risk of glioma or glioblastoma multiforme. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-447. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-447
Incorrect Numbers of Patients and Controls Positive for Epitope D<sup>70</sup> Shown in Table 2 of the Article by Freed et al (Arthritis Rheum, December 2011)
Authors: Brian M. Freed, Ronald P. Schuyler, Michael T. Aubrey
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

In Table 2 of the article by Freed et al in the December 2011 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism (pages 3733–3739), the numbers of rheumatoid arthritis patients and control subjects positive for the resistance epitope D70 were shown incorrectly. The correct numbers of rheumatoid arthritis patients and control subjects, respectively, were 209 and 299.
Proteome analyses of the growth inhibitory effects of NCH-51, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, on lymphoid malignant cells
Authors: T Sanda, T Okamoto, Y Uchida, H Nakagawa, S Iida, S Kayukawa, T Suzuki, T Oshizawa, T Suzuki, N Miyata, R Ueda
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Roche considers licensing companies to make oseltamivir
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

With the gradual spread of avian influenza from East Asia to Europe, many countries were this week seeking supplies of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), which lessens the effects of flu when taken at an early stage of the illness.

Cipla, an Indian company which specialises in generic drugs, said last week that it would make its own generic version of the drug. Cipla said it could market the drug by December and could make a million 10 capsule courses of treatment by next July, a report in New Scientist says (2005;188: 14). …
Incidence of Cancer of the Cervix: Triumph or Tragedy?-Reply
Authors: Leopold G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> While great progress has been made in the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates for invasive cancer of the uterine cervix (the "triumph" part), it also must be recognized that invasive cancer of the cervix remains an important and potentially fatal disease. The American Cancer Society estimated for 1989 that 13 000 new such cases will be observed and that 7000 women will die of the disease in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Thus, a potentially curable disease has not been eliminated. It is not known how many of the invasive cancers occur in women who had the benefit of cytological screening, but at least some may have escaped the safety net, accounting for the "tragedy" part of the subtitle.
Association between respiratory infections in early life and later asthma is independent of virus type
Authors: Klaus Bønnelykke, Nadja Hawwa Vissing, Astrid Sevelsted, Sebastian L. Johnston, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

Lower respiratory tract infections in the first years of life are associated with later asthma, and this observation has led to a focus on the potential causal role of specific respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial virus, in asthma development. However, many respiratory viruses and bacteria trigger similar respiratory symptoms and it is possible that the important risk factors for asthma are the underlying susceptibility to infection and the exaggerated reaction to such triggers rather than the particular triggering agent.We sought to study the association between specific infections in early life and development of asthma later in childhood.Three hundred thirteen children were followed prospectively in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies of Asthma in Childhood2000 high-risk birth cohort. Nine respiratory virus types (respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoviruses, other picornaviruses, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, parainfluenza viruses 1-3, influenza viruses AH1, AH3, and B, human metapneumovirus, adenoviruses, and bocavirus) and 3 pathogenic airway bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) were identified in airway secretions sampled during episodes of troublesome lung symptoms in the first 3 years of life. Asthma was determined by age 7 years.In unadjusted analyses, all viruses and pathogenic bacteria identified during episodes of troublesome lung symptoms were associated with increased risk of asthma by age 7 years with similar odds ratios for all viruses and pathogenic bacteria. After adjustment for the frequency of respiratory episodes, the particular triggers were no longer associated with asthma.The number of respiratory episodes in the first years of life, but not the particular viral trigger, was associated with later asthma development. This suggests that future research should focus on the susceptibility and exaggerated response to lower respiratory tract infections in general rather than on the specific triggering agent.
IgE sensitization, respiratory allergy symptoms, and heritability independently increase the risk of otitis media with effusion
Authors: F. M. Chantzi, D. A. Kafetzis, T. Bairamis, C. Avramidou, N. Paleologou, I. Grimani, N. Apostolopoulos, N. G. Papadopoulos
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Epidemiological evidence examining the role of atopy and/or allergy in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME) is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess any increased risk for OME attributable to allergy-related factors, in a well-characterized population using a case-control design and multivariate analysis.Eighty-eight 1-7-year-old children with OME, diagnosed by clinical and tympanometric evaluation and 80 matched controls were enrolled. A standardized questionnaire was completed, in order to assess factors related to OME and allergy-related symptoms and diagnoses using strict clinical definitions. Specific IgE was measured by skin-prick tests and/or CAP-FEIA.The patient and control groups were well matched. Factors conferring increased risk for OME in the univariate analysis included IgE sensitization, dyspnea, wheezing, asthma, paroxysmal sneezing, rhinitis, eczema, 'any allergic disease,' family history of otitis media, and family history of allergy. After multivariate analysis IgE sensitization, wheezing, nasal obstruction, family history of otitis, and child-care attendance remained as independent risk factors for development of OME.IgE sensitization and respiratory allergy symptoms are independent risk factors for the development of OME, suggesting that both immunological and mechanical pathways may contribute to the development of the disease. Otitis heritability provides additional risk, as well as frequent exposure to viral upper respiratory tract infections in children attending daycare. Treatment and/or prevention of OME using anti-allergic medications should be further examined.
TCT-348 Incidence, Correlates And Outcomes Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Related Stroke In The Last Decade
Authors: Alfazir Omar, Hironori Kitabata, lakshmana Pendyala, Salem Badr, Joshua P. Loh, Israel Barbash, Marco A. Magalhaes, Sa'ar Minha, Hideaki Ota, Fang Chen, Rebecca Torguson, Augusto Pichard, Kenneth Kent, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Adolescent Suicide Attempters
Authors: David Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

As part of a controlled evaluation of three suicide-prevention curricula delivered to 1438 ninth- and 10th-grade students, 63 adolescents were identified as having made a suicide attempt. Their attitudes about suicide and help seeking were compared with those of 910 nonattempters drawn from the same population. Reaction to the prevention program was assessed by comparing the responses of the 35 attempters exposed to the programs with responses of 524 exposed nonattempters. The impact of the programs was assessed by comparing 35 exposed attempters with 28 attempters from a control group. Self-identified attempters were less likely to endorse views consistent with the curricula at baseline, but there was little evidence that the programs were successful in influencing these views. There was some evidence that previous attempters were more upset by the programs than their nonattempter peers. The prevalence of suicide attempts as defined in this study by self-report was higher than that reported in studies using interview techniques.
Pollen‐related allergy in Europe*
Authors: G. D'Amato, F. Th. M. Spieksma, G. Liccardi, S. Jäger, M. Russo, K. Kontou‐Fili, H. Nikkels, B. Wüthrich, S. Bonini
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The increasing mobility of Europeans for business and leisure has led to a need for reliable information about exposure to seasonal airborne allergens during travel abroad. Over the last 10 years or so, aeropalynologic and allergologic studies have progressed to meet this need, and extensive international networks now provide regular pollen and hay‐fever forecasts. Europe is a geographically complex continent with a widely diverse climate and a wide spectrum of vegetation. Consequently, pollen calendars differ from one area to another; however, on the whole, pollination starts in spring and ends in autumn. Grass pollen is by far the most frequent cause of pollinosis in Europe. In northern Europe, pollen from species of the family Betulaceae is a major cause of the disorder. In contrast, the mild winters and dry summers of Mediterranean areas favor the production of pollen types that are rarely found in central and northern areas of the continent (e.g., the genera Parietaria, Olea, and Cupressus). Clinical and aerobiologic studies show that the pollen map of Europe is changing also as a result of cultural factors (e.g., importation of plants for urban parklands) and greater international travel (e.g., the expansion of the ragweed genus Ambrosia in France, northern Italy, Austria, and Hungary). Studies on allergen‐carrying paucimicronic or submicronic airborne particles, which penetrate deep into the lung, are having a relevant impact on our understanding of pollinosis and its distribution throughout Europe.
Proliferation and differentiation in human lymphoid and plasma cell lines.
Authors: J L Fahey
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In this contribution we discuss the fate of monoclonal immuno- globulin spikes detected in the absence of overt myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia.Monoclonal immunoglobulins may occur transiently in the serum, disappearing without treatment.In recent years we have seen nine such
Differences in Review Quality and Recommendations for Publication Between Peer Reviewers Suggested by Authors or by Editors
Authors: Sara Schroter
Journal: JAMA (2006)

role in determining what research is published.Peer reviewers are responsible for identifying methodological flaws and for improving the quality of manuscripts.Several factors are associated with review quality (reviewer age, being a current investigator, and postgraduate training in epidemiology or statistics). 1,2Many journals give authors the opportunity to suggest reviewers for their own paper, but editors' decisions to select these reviewers vary because some are concerned that they might favor the author.However, many journals find it hard to recruit goodquality reviewers and, as such, are willing to try authors' suggestions.The only study to evaluate authorsuggested reviewers found that these reviewers were less critical than those suggested by editors in terms of the scientific importance of an article and the decision to publish. 3 However, the generalizability of this finding is uncertain because it was based on 1 journal and did not use a validated outcome measure.We describe a large study of 10 journals across a range of medical specialties to investigate whether author-suggested reviewers differed from editor-suggested reviewers in terms of review quality and recommendation for publication.
Control, Treatment of Drug Abuse Have Challenged Nation and Its Physicians for Much of History
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE RECENT FOCUS on drug use sometimes obscures the fact that narcotics control and the treatment of drug addiction are not new topics in the United States, which has been struggling with these issues for more than 100 years. The American Medical Association has a long history of concern with unregulated public use of drugs, beginning with a 1906 editorial by editor ofThe JournalGeorge H. Simmons, MD, opposing any provision in the Pure Food and Drug Act that would permit the manufacture of medicines containing small amounts of opium, morphine, heroin, chloral hydrate, or other narcotics (<i>JAMA</i>1906;46:1208-1209). Its concern was timely. Cocaine, which produces euphoria and hyperactivity and is similar in many respects to amphetamines, has a long history of use in the United States, as does opium. In his book<i>The American Disease</i>(New Haven, Yale University Press, 1973), David Musto, MD, recalls that a relatively