tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allowance of tumor-educated platelets for multiclass liquid biopsy-based diagnosis of cancer.
Authors: Myron Best, Nik Sol, Irsan Kooi, Jonas Nilsson, Bart Westerman, Bauke Ylstra, Josephine Dorsman, Egbert F. Smit, Henk M.W. Verheul, Jaap C. Reijneveld, Bakhos A. Tannous, Pieter Wesseling, Thomas Wurdinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

11058 Background: Cancer diagnosis is frequently hampered by limited access to adequate tissue of the primary tumor or metastatic lesions. To overcome such limitations, the use of blood-based liquid biopsies has been suggested. Blood represents a biosource of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) that sequester biomolecules during tumor growth, thereby altering the platelet mRNA profile. Methods: Blood platelet samples of 188 cancer patients covering six tumor types (40 non-small cell lung cancer, 39 glioblastoma, 37 colorectal cancer, 35 pancreatic cancer, 24 breast cancer, and 13 hepatobiliary cancer) and of 52 healthy donors were isolated from whole blood by differential centrifugation. RNA was isolated, subjected to SMARTer mRNA amplification and submitted for whole transcriptome mRNA sequencing on the Illumina platform. Healthy donors, pan-cancer, and individual cancer classes were distinguished by a self-learning support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, using transcripts with moderate to high expression. Results: The 240 blood platelet samples were successfully sequenced and demonstrated a good intersample correlation of the detected mRNAs. Based on mRNA profiles, all tumor samples were clearly distinguished from healthy donors: the pan-cancer SVM-supported classification test reached a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 90% to distinguish cancer patients from healthy donors. Also, all patients without overt metastases were correctly predicted as cancer patients. Moreover, a multiclass cancer diagnostics TEP-test, to distinguish multiple tumor subclasses and healthy donors provided an overall accuracy of 73%, far exceeding random classification. In addition, we distinguished HER2-positive, and mutant KRAS and EGFR tumors from their wild-type counterparts. Also, patients with metastatic tumors in lung, brain, and liver were accurately diagnosed according to the tumor in the tissue of origin. Conclusions: Molecular interrogation of TEP-based liquid biopsies may leverage cancer diagnostics. TEPs provide a circulating biosource for pan-cancer, multiclass, and molecular cancer classification. Of interest, this tool might also allow for blood-based highly sensitive early-stage cancer screening.
Smoking Beyond Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis
Authors: Myla D. Goldman, Olaf Stüve
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abstract ES3-2: Biomarkers for clinical management and research
Authors: Mitchell Dowsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Neoadjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer provides an excellent scenario for integrating biomarker, clinical and pharmacological studies as well as being a valued treatment option for patients with primary breast cancer. ER+ breast cancer may be treated with either cytotoxic or endocrine therapy. Measurements of changes in proliferation and apoptosis have provided insights into the mechanisms of response to these agents. In both settings decreases in proliferation as measured using Ki67 as a biomarker occur in patients responding to treatment. In endocrine treatment the reduced proliferation occurs early and persists for many weeks appearing to be the main driver of response. Apoptosis is not increased but continues at a slightly reduced rate and leads to tumour shrinkage in a scenario in which cell replacement is now markedly attenuated. Changes in Ki67 induced by endocrine therapy have been validated as intermediate end-points reflecting long term benefit from treatment. In contrast the changes in Ki67 with cytotoxic therapy are best explained by a selective loss of more proliferative cells due to increased apoptotic death. Prognosis of patients is strongly influenced by the Ki67 in the residual disease at surgery. The integration of Ki67 with Residual Cancer Burden to form a Residual Proliferative Cancer Burden provides an attractive new end-point which may have generalisable applicability across different treatments. In all of these studies as well as others on multiple other biomarkers it is critical to understand the degree of reproducibility in tissue biopsies that most often sample less than 1% of the sometimes heterogenous tumour bed. Examples of the impact of this on expression profiles and exomic analyses will be shown. Citation Format: Mitchell Dowsett. Biomarkers for clinical management and research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES3-2.
Clinical Characterization of Antiphospholipid Syndrome by Detection of IgG Antibodies Against β<sub>2</sub>‐Glycoprotein I Domain 1 and Domain 4/5: Ratio of Anti–Domain 1 to Anti–Domain 4/5 As a Useful New Biomarker for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Laura Andreoli, Cecilia B. Chighizola, Cecilia Nalli, Maria Gerosa, M. Orietta Borghi, Francesca Pregnolato, Claudia Grossi, Alessandra Zanola, Flavio Allegri, Gary L. Norman, Michael Mahler, Pier Luigi Meroni, Angela Tincani
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective It has been suggested that only antibodies against domain 1 (D1) of β 2 ‐glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) are pathogenic and diagnostic. The role of antibodies against other β 2 GPI domains is still debated. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical relevance of domain specificity profiling of anti‐β 2 GPI IgG antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients and in control groups of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and in asymptomatic antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) carriers. Methods We evaluated 159 subjects with persistently positive, medium or high‐titer anti‐β 2 GPI IgG, including 56 patients with thrombotic (obstetric or nonobstetric) primary APS, 31 women with obstetric primary APS, 42 aPL‐positive patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and 30 asymptomatic aPL carriers. One hundred healthy donors were included. Anti‐β 2 GPI D1 and D4/5 IgG were tested on research enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays containing recombinant β 2 GPI domains. Results As compared to other groups, aPL carriers displayed higher frequency/titer of anti‐D4/5 IgG. Unlike anti‐D4/5, anti‐D1 IgG antibodies were more frequent and at higher titer in triple than in single or double aPL‐positive subjects. An anti‐D1 to anti‐D4/5 ratio of ≥1.5 was predictive of systemic autoimmunity (odds ratio 3.25 [95% confidence interval 1.45–7.49], P = 0.005). Neither anti‐D1 nor anti‐D4/5 antibodies were associated with APS clinical criteria. Conclusion Anti‐D1 IgG is the preferential specificity not only in vascular and obstetric primary APS, but also in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease with no clinical features of APS. Conversely, aPL carriers do not have a polarized profile toward D1. Combined testing for anti‐β 2 GPI IgG with different domain specificity allows a more accurate aPL profiling, with polarization toward anti‐D1 IgG as a possible fingerprint of systemic autoimmunity.
アレルギー性鼻炎及びそれが喘息に与える影響(ARIA)2008 最新版(WHO、GA(2)LEN及びAllerGenとの協力による)
Authors: Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz Aa, Denburg J, Fokkens Wj, Togias A, Zuberbier T, Baena-Cagnani Ce, Canonica Gw, Van Weel C, Agache I, Ait-Khaled N, Bachert C, Blaiss Ms, Bonini S, Boulet Lp, Bousquet Pj, Camargos P, Carlsen Kh, Chen Y, Custovic A, Dahl R, Demoly P, Douagui H, Van Wijk Rg, Kalayci O, Kaliner Ma, Kim Yy, Kowalski Ml, Kuna P, LE Ltt, Lemiere C, Li J, Lockey Rf, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer Eo, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R
Journal: Allergy (2008)
Abstract 3216: Immunogenicity and genomic profiling reveal sub-clonal diversity of a murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line
Authors: Carine Brinster, Virginie DRISS, Bruno Quesnel, Martin Figeac, Frédéric Leprêtre, Céline Villenet, Isabelle Briche
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clonal heterogeneity at diagnosis and the presence of minor sub-clones were shown to be responsible for minimal residual disease and relapses in patients. Several studies have proposed that their persistence could be due to their dormant state (i.e. quiescence and/or control of their growth by immune cells). As contribution of immunity to clonal persistence could not be evaluated in xenografts models, we assessed for the clonal diversity of a murine AML cell line. Genomic analyses revealed heterogeneity among the parental cell line and its derived clones. Injected individually into immune-deficient mice, all clones induced AML with different kinetics. However, when administered into immune-competent animals, some clones triggered AML with no mice survival, whereas others elicited reduced lethality rates. The leukemia-surviving mice presented an efficient anti-tumoral CTL activity and reduced lymphopenia. Investigating for residual leukemic cells in the organs of these mice, elimination rather than persistence was observed. Thus, we showed that genetic heterogeneity among the clones led to differential immunogenicity resulting either in their immune escape or elimination. Such findings could have potent implications for new immunotherapeutic strategies in patients. Citation Format: Carine Brinster, Virginie DRISS, Bruno Quesnel, Martin Figeac, Frédéric Leprêtre, Céline Villenet, Isabelle Briche. Immunogenicity and genomic profiling reveal sub-clonal diversity of a murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3216
The Joy of Discovery
Authors: Sidney J. Winawer
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis Of TMPRSS6 Polymorphisms In Patients With Iron Deficiency Anemia Partially Responsive To Oral Iron Treatment
Authors: Erika Poggiali, Fabio Andreozzi, Isabella Nava, Paola Delbini, Lorena Duca, Stella Forti, Giovanna Graziadei, Alessia Marcon, Maria Domenica Domenica Cappellini
Journal: Blood (2013)
Manson's Tropical Diseases
Authors: [Edited by] Gordon C. Cook, Alimuddin I. Zumla
Journal: BMJ (1942)

This book continues to be one of the most outstanding in the world on the subject of tropical disease. It is a complete single volume concerned with tropical medicine, but, like all single volumes, it is not truly encyclopedic. This thirteenth edition has been brought up to date to include the new antibiotic drugs and the experiences obtained during World War II. This book is highly recommended to students of tropical medicine, especially those interested in the British points of view.
Abstract 198: <i>Ex vivo</i> expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in nonhuman primate using optimal cytokine combinations
Authors: Yu Zhang, Bin Shen, Zhihua Ren, Wei Dai, Yupo Ma, Yongping Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation has been widely accepted for the treatment of malignant blood diseases, as well as immunological disorders. Due to insufficient amounts of HLA-matched stem/progenitor cells, multiple strategies have been developed for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo in the past. Here, we report for the first time that HSCs/HPCs from cynomolgus could be expanded at a high efficiency with an optimal cytokine combination. CD34+ cells were isolated from mobilized peripheral blood (PB) of cynomolgus (n=4) that had received a joint application of rhG-CSF (200 µg/kg) and rhSCF (200 µg/kg) s.c. for 5 (successive) days. Peripheral blood (15 ml each) was collected 24 and 48 h after the final injection of cytokines. A liquid suspension culture system that contained SCF, TPO, FL, IL-3, G-CSF and GM-CSF was employed for CD34+ cells expansion. We observed that PB-derived HSCs/HPCs underwent a significant expansion by day 15 of culture. Total nucleated cells were expanded for 1839 folds (Mean value) by day 33 whereas CD34+ cells increased about 80 folds (Mean value) by day 28. Further in vivo studies will be carried out to evaluate short-term and long-term engraftments of ex vivo expanded CD34+ cells. Nevertheless, our current study demonstrates that optimal cytokine combinations can be used for promoting CD34+ cell expansion efficiently ex vivo in a non-human primate model. This line of study is likely to provide an effective approach for expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells for various therapeutic applications. Citation Format: Yu Zhang, Bin Shen, Zhihua Ren, Wei Dai, Yupo Ma, Yongping Jiang. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in nonhuman primate using optimal cytokine combinations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-198
Late-breaking abstract: Effects of oleanolic acid on pulmonary morphofunctional and biochemical variables in experimental sepsis
Authors: Raquel Santos, Pedro Silva, Gisele Oliveira, Fernanda Cruz, Maíra Ramos, Edson Assis, Hugo Faria-Neto, Cerli Gattass, Patricia Rocco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Sepsis present high morbidity and mortality despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies. Recently, natural products derived from plant extracts and their synthetic derivatives are being increasingly used to treat a wide range of diseases due to their anti-inflammatory property. Thus, oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid compound, modulates the production and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymatic antioxidant defense. We tested the hypothesis that OA may curtail the inflammatory process, improving lung morphology and function in experimental sepsis. 36 BALB/c mice were assigned to 2 groups: a) Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, and b)  Sham  operated group was used as control. One hour after surgery,  Sham  and CLP groups were further randomized into subgroups receiving saline (SAL  ip ) and OA (10 mg/kg  ip ). After 24 h, static lung elastance (Est,L), lung histology, levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the degree of cell apoptosis in lung and kidney were analyzed. Est,L (55%) and alveolar collapse (75%) were higher in CLP-SAL group compared to  Sham- SAL (p Sham -SAL. OA reduced Est,L (35%) and alveolar collapse (70%), as well as minimized neutrophil infiltration and the degree of apoptosis in lung and kidney compared to CLP-SAL group. OA did not decrease the levels of IL-6, and IL-8. In conclusion, OA improved lung morpho-function, as well as acted on distal organs in the present model of sepsis.  Supported by: CNPq, PRONEX, FAPERJ, CAPES, INCT-INOFAR.
Sulfhemoglobinemia and Acute Hemolytic Anemia with Heinz Bodies Following Contact with a Fungicide— Zinc Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate—in a Subject with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Hypocatalasemia
Authors: JACK PINKHAS, MEIR DJALDETTI, HENRY JOSHUA, CHAIM RESNICK, ANDRÉ DE VRIES
Journal: Blood (1963)
Neuroanatomical abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder detected with quantitative X-ray computed tomography
Authors: J S Luxenberg, S E Swedo, M F Flament, R P Friedland, J Rapoport, S I Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

New brain imaging techniques may provide evidence for a biological basis for severe psychiatric disorders. The authors used quantitative X-ray computed tomography (CT) to analyze the brain volume of 10 male patients with severe primary obsessive-compulsive disorder and 10 healthy male control subjects. Caudate nucleus volume in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder was significantly less than that of control subjects, but lenticular nuclei, third ventricle, and lateral ventricle volumes did not differ between these two groups, and no abnormal asymmetry of bilateral structures was detected. These findings support other evidence of involvement of the caudate nucleus in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Effect of sanctions on surgical practice
Authors: H. N. Barnouti
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In war health services have strategic value, and even the most well meaning medical personnel may be at risk of reprisals by their patients' enemies * International humanitarian law is an important guideline for health personnel in wartime but is not an immediate remedy for problems * In El Salvador's civil war and other recent conflicts politically motivated attacks on the health sector forced health programmes to change their operating methods * The creation of community based health teams can help ameliorate war related access problems * Health workers can play an important part in denouncing health related human rights abuses but must do this with caution ConclusionsAttacks on health sectors have been a feature of sev- eral modern wars in addition to the civil war in El Salvador.These attacks are often specifically prohibited by international humanitarian law but the pertinent legal instruments lack practical provisions for enforcement.The sincere desire to do good is not good protec- tion in wartime.Health workers who choose not to take up arms, flee, or give up are thus left to examine their consciences, study the body politic, and improvise.Some of the improvisations in El Salvador were successful and may be adaptable to other settings.But the health worker whose enemy has no powerful enemies and who has nothing with which to bargain should tread with great caution.
Abstract 14956: Lr11 Gene Deficiency Prevents Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling in Mice
Authors: Le Jiang, Hakuoh Konishi, Meizi Jiang, Hideaki Bujo, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2014)

INTRODUCTION: LR11 (also called SorLA or SORL1), is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor that is expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells during the development of atherosclerosis. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by excessive proliferation of the pulmonary arterial SMCs (PASMCs). However it has not explored that LR11 gene deletion can regulate smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we hypothesized that LR11 could play a role in the proliferation of PASMCs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effect of LR11 gene deletion is suppressing SMCs proliferation in pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling under hypoxia- induced animal models. METHODOLOGY & RESULTS: C57/BL6 (WT) and LR11-/- mice were exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia for 3 weeks. Three weeks after 10% hypoxia exposure, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of LR11-/- mice was significantly lower compare to WT mice (28±2.3mmHg vs 33±2.0mmHg;p<0.001). ...
Effect of disease severity on heart rate recovery following laboratory and field exercise testing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A comparative study
Authors: Kyriaki Cholidou, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Vasilis Andrianopoulos, Ioannis Kostakis, Evaggelos Markozannes, Konstantina Kyrkou, Manos Alchanatis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: It is known that patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) have increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Heart rate recovery in the first minute after exercise (HRR1) is often used as an index to stratify risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in OSA patients.

Methods: We studied twenty five patients by polysomnography in the laboratory. Ten patients diagnosed with moderate OSA (15 30) and five participants were normal (AHI<5). HRR1 following cessation of incremental exercise to the limit of tolerance on the cycle ergometer and after termination of a six minute walking test (6MWT) was assessed by a Nonin pulse oximeter worn on the wrist in all patients and controls.

Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in HRR1 after the maximal incremental test among severe and moderate OSA patients and healthy controls (by 18±5 and 25±5 and 34±4 beats/min, respectively). Similarly, HRR1 after the 6MWT was different between the two patient groups (severe by 15±5 and moderate by 19±4 beats/min) and normal subjects (28±5). There was no difference in the magnitude of HRR1 between the two exercise tests across the three groups.

Conclusion: The more advanced the disease severity of OSA the slower was the recovery of heart rate after the exercise. The 6MWT reflects equally well to the incremental maximal test the sluggishness in heart rate recovery and hence it can be used alternatively to the maximal exercise test to detect the likelihood of cardiovascular risk in patients with OSA.