tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Validation of unattended portable monitoring (PM) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis in Parkinson's disease (PD)
Authors: Priti Gros, Victoria Mery, Anne-Louise Lafontaine, Ann Robinson, Andrea Benedetti, John Kimoff, Marta Kaminska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:OSA is frequent in PD patients and is thought to contribute to PD non-motor symptoms. The use of PM as a diagnostic tool has not been validated in PD.  Objective:To assess the feasibility and accuracy of PM in PD patients.  Methods:25 selected patients with PD without known OSA had type III PM and in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) on a separate night (within 30 days). Respiratory events on PSG were scored using Chicago criteria. The quality of PM signals (nasal pressure, saturation and pulse) was assessed and compared with age and sex-matched controls. Sensitivity and specificity of the PM respiratory disturbance index were calculated for three apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) thresholds: ≥5/h, ≥15/h, ≥30/h, and for oxygen desaturation index (ODI)≥5/h.  Results: Subjects were 72% male, aged 63.8 ± 11.3yrs, with BMI 27.63 ± 3.8kg/m 2 , Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.0 ±0.92, AHI 15.2 ±15.3/h. Looking at PM signals, only nasal pressure integrity showed a significant difference with controls (88.9 ±15.3 for PD, 96.2 ±15.7% for controls; p=0,001). The quality of saturation and pulse signals showed a negative correlation with age in PD subjects (r= -0.47, p=0.027 and r=-0.46, p=0.031, respectively). There was no correlation with PD stage.  Conclusion:PM is feasible in selected PD patients, although data quality is poorer than in the general population. Although specificity was high for AHI >30, the PM systematically underestimated the AHI, and had poor sensitivity.
Comparative Morphology of Avian and Murine Leukemia Viruses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ursula Feller, Robert M. Dougherty, Henry S. Di Stefano
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) differed in a number of ultrastructural features. The most prominent difference between virions of the two groups was in the structure of the nucleoid which resulted from variations in the maturation process. The nucleoid of ALV formed by condensation of the inner shell of the immature form so that it was small (ca. 36 mµ) and was separated from the intermediate membrane by a lucent space. In contrast, the nucleoid of MuLV formed by dispersion of the inner shell of the immature form to fill completely the volume enclosed by the intermediate membrane. Thus the MuLV nucleoid was large (ca. 65 mµ) and no lucent space was visible between the nucleoid and intermediate membrane, so that the latter was no longer seen as a separate structure. The length of surface projections also differed. The surface projections of ALV were longer (ca. 13 m#x00B5;) than those of MuLV (ca. 8 m#x00B5;). The apparent structure of virions may have been markedly altered by the preparative technique used and the nature of the host tissue. Osmium Fixation best preserved virions in tissue cultures. Glutaraldehyde fixation was the desirable method with viruses fixed in animal tissue; however, in cell culture, it was less desirable because internal structures were obscured. Treatment of fixed virus with uranyl acetate before embedment markedly disrupted viral morphology.
Systemic inflammation and exercise tolerance in COPD
Authors: Francesco Costa, Laura Malagrinò, Tommaso Nieri, Silvana Cianchetti, Sandra Antonelli, Giovanna De Cusatis, Claudia De Simone, Sabrina Santerini, Barbara Vagaggini, Pierluigi Paggiaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is used to evaluate exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Systemic inflammation (SI) is considered a hallmark of COPD, a number of inflammatory proteins were described in the systemic circulation including C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alfa), interleukins (IL-6 and IL_8).  Aim: to evaluate SI in COPD patients with different exercise tolerance.  Subject and methods: 45 COPD patients (FEV1%: 52.5; 36male) performed: CPET, pulmonary function tests, measurements of infiammatory cells, IL-8, TNF-alfa and microparticles (MP) in blood and sputum. Patients were divided according to tertiles of VO2/Kg, expression of exercise tolerance. Kruscall-Wallis test was used to compare the groups.  Results: we found significant differences between patients with higher and lower exercise tolerance, the last ones having lower sputum eosinophils and higher blood IL-8 and MP. There was no difference among groups for FEV1%pred and TLC%pred.  Conclusion: in COPD patients higher SI is associated with lower exercise tolerance, suggesting that SI may damage the skeletal muscle conditioning the exercise tolerance.
aTTom: Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancer.
Authors: Richard G. Gray, Daniel Rea, Kelly Handley, Sarah Jane Bowden, Philip Perry, Helena Margaret Earl, Christopher John Poole, Tom Bates, Shan Chetiyawardana, John A. Dewar, Indrajit Nalinika Fernando, Robert Grieve, Jonathan Nicoll, Zenor Rayter, Anne Robinson, Asad Salman, John Yarnold, Sarah Bathers, Andrea Marshall, Martin Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

5 Background: In estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) early breast cancer, 5 years of tamoxifen reduces breast cancer death rates by about a third throughout years 0-14. It has been uncertain how 10 years of tamoxifen compares with this. Methods: During 1991-2005, 6,953 women with ER+ (n=2755), or ER untested (4198, estimated 80% ER+ if status known) invasive breast cancer from 176 UK centres were, after 5 years of tamoxifen, randomized to stop tamoxifen or continue to year 10. Annual follow-up recorded compliance, recurrence, mortality, and hospital admissions. Results: Allocation to continue tamoxifen reduced breast cancer recurrence (580/3468 vs 672/3485, p=0.003). This reduction was time dependent: rate ratio 0.99 during years 5-6 [95%CI 0.86-1.15], 0.84 [0.73-0.95] during years 7-9, and 0.75 [0.66-0.86] later. Longer treatment also reduced breast cancer mortality (392 vs 443 deaths after recurrence, p=0.05), rate ratio 1.03 [0.84-1.27] during years 5-9 and 0.77 [0.64-0.92] later; and overall mortality (849 vs 910 deaths, p=0.1), rate ratio 1.05 [0.90-1.22] during years 5-9 and 0.86 [0.75-0.97] later. Non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected (457 vs 467 deaths, rate ratio 0.94 [0.82-1.07]). There were 102 vs 45 endometrial cancers RR=2.20 (1.31-2.34, p&lt;0.0001) with 37 (1.1%) vs 20 (0.6%) deaths (absolute hazard 0.5%, p=0.02). Combining the similar results of aTTom and its international counterpart ATLAS (Lancet 2013) enhances statistical significance of recurrence (p&lt;0.0001), breast cancer mortality (p=0.002) and overall survival (p=0.005) benefits. Conclusions: aTTom confirms that, in ER+ disease, continuing tamoxifen to year 10 rather than just to year 5 produces further reductions in recurrence, from year 7 onward, and breast cancer mortality after year 10. Taken together with the reduction in breast cancer deaths seen in trials of 5 years of tamoxifen vs none, these results indicate that 10 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, compared to no tamoxifen, reduces breast cancer mortality by about one third in the first 10 years following diagnosis and by a half subsequently. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN17222211.
High survival rate in advanced-stage B-cell lymphomas and leukemias without CNS involvement with a short intensive polychemotherapy: results from the French Pediatric Oncology Society of a randomized trial of 216 children.
Authors: C Patte, T Philip, C Rodary, J M Zucker, H Behrendt, J C Gentet, J P Lamagnère, J Otten, D Dufillot, F Pein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

From April 1984 to December 1987, the French Pediatric Oncology Society (SFOP) organized a randomized trial for advanced-stage B-cell lymphoma without CNS involvement to study the possibility of reducing the length of treatment to 4 months. After receiving the same three intensive six-drug induction courses based on high-dose fractionated cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX), and cytarabine in continuous infusion, patients were evaluated for remission. Those who achieved complete remission (CR) were randomized between a long arm (five additional courses with two additional drugs; 16 weeks of treatment) and a short arm (two additional courses; 5 weeks). For patients in partial remission (PR), intensification of treatment was indicated. Two hundred sixteen patients were registered: 15 stage II nasopharyngeal and extensive facial tumors, 167 stage III, and 34 stage IV, 20 of the latter having more than 25% blast cells in bone marrow. The primary sites of involvement were abdomen in 172, head and neck in 30, thorax in two, and other sites in 12. One hundred sixty-seven patients are alive in first CR with a minimum follow-up of 18 months; four are lost to follow-up. Eight patients died from initial treatment failure, 14 died from toxicity or deaths unrelated to tumor or treatment, and 27 relapsed. The event-free survival (EFS), with a median follow-up of 38 months, is 78% (SE 3) for all the patients, 73% (SE 11) for the stage II patients, 80% (SE 3) for the stage III patients, and 68% (SE 8) for the stage IV and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. One hundred sixty-six patients were randomized: 82 in the short arm and 84 in the long arm. EFS is, respectively, 89% and 87%. Statistical analysis confirms equivalence of both treatment arms with regard to EFS. Moreover, morbidity was lower in the short arm. This study confirms the high survival rate obtained in the previous LMB 0281 study without radiotherapy or debulking surgery and demonstrates the effectiveness of short treatment.
Role of a second transplant in the management of poor-prognosis lymphomas: a report from the European Blood and Bone Marrow Registry.
Authors: E Vandenberghe, R Pearce, G Taghipour, L Fouillard, A H Goldstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Treatment of selected patients with poor-prognosis lymphomas with high-dose chemotherapy and marrow or peripheral stem-cell rescue improves prognosis. A second course of myeloablative chemotherapy has been given to some patients, but few data are available on the indications, morbidity, and overall survival associated with this approach. This study was undertaken to evaluate morbidity and identify subgroups of patients who may benefit from a second transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with lymphoma given two cycles of myeloablative chemotherapy and entered onto the European Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant (EBMT) registry between 1982 and 1995 were included in this study: Hodgkin's disease (HD), n = 12; intermediate/high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HG-NHL), n = 17; and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LG-NHL), n = 5. The reason for second transplant, status at transplant, conditioning regimen, morbidity, and both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS The second procedure was performed for the following reasons: (1) elective double procedure in four patients, (2) relapse after first transplant in 20, (3) partial remission (PR) after first transplant in eight, and (4) refractory disease after first transplant in two. The OS rate at 2 years for patients who underwent two transplants (estimated from the date of second transplant) was 49%, with a median follow-up time of 44 months. The OS rate at 2 years by histologic subtype was as follows; HD, 50%; HG-NHL, 60%; and LG-NHL, 0%. Seven of 15 patients with HD or HG-NHL who relapsed after they had achieved a posttransplant complete remission (CR) remain in CR 13 to 36 months after the second transplant, compared with two of 10 patients in CR (at 6 and 19 months after second transplant) who achieved a PR or had refractory disease after the first transplant. There were eight deaths (24%) before 3 months, of which three (9%) were transplant-related and the remainder due to persistent disease. Three late toxic deaths occurred: two of cardiovascular disease and one of secondary leukemia. CONCLUSION Selected patients with HD and HG-NHL whose disease recurs after one transplant may benefit from a second transplant. Patients with refractory disease and LG-NHL did not benefit from a second transplant.
Desialylation is associated with apoptosis and phagocytosis of platelets in patients with prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia after allo-HSCT
Authors: Xiao-Hui Zhang, Qian-Ming Wang, Jia-Min Zhang, Fei-Er Feng, Feng-Rong Wang, Huan Chen, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yu-Hong Chen, Wei Han, Lan-Ping Xu, Kai-Yan Liu, Xiao-Jun Huang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PT) is a frequent complication in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and it is associated with an adverse prognosis. In this study, we hypothesized that desialylation on platelet surfaces was associated with PT after allo-HSCT. The mechanisms participating in this process may include NEU1 translocation, platelet apoptosis, and phagocytosis by macrophages.PT was defined as a peripheral platelet count less than 100 × 10(9)/L without sustained anemia or leukopenia for more than 3 months after allo-HSCT. 34 patients were identified consecutively from a cohort of 255 patients who underwent allo-HSCT for hematologic malignancies between May and October 2014 at Peking University Institute of Hematology. Desialylation, enzyme expression, and phagocytosis were detected using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Western blot, and so on.Platelets from the PT patients had significantly fewer sialic acids (P = .001) and increased β-galactose exposure indicative of desialylation on the surface (P = .042), and serum from the PT patients showed a higher sialic acid concentration (8.400 ± 0.2209 μmol/L, P < .001). The sialidase NEU1 was over-expressed from mRNA to protein levels, and its catalytic activity was increased in platelets from the PT patients. Desialylation of GPIbα in the PT patients was correlated with changes in 14-3-3ζ distribution, which, relative to Bad activation, modulated the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, depolarized the inner membrane of the mitochondria, and initiated the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway of apoptosis. Macrophages derived from the THP-1 cell line preferred to phagocytize desialylated platelets from the PT patients in vitro. We also revealed that oseltamivir (400 μmol/L) could inhibit 50 % of the sialidase activity on platelets and could protect 20 % of platelets from phagocytosis in vitro.Desialylation of platelets was associated with platelet apoptosis and phagocytosis, whereas oseltamivir could reduce platelet destruction in the periphery, indicating a potential novel treatment for PT after allo-HSCT.
Reduced mitochondrial density in the vastus lateralis muscle of COPD patients with low fat free mass
Authors: Santiago Giavedoni, Ellen Drost, Ramzi Lakhdar, William MacNee, Roberto Rabinovich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Muscle wasting affecting a subgroup of patients with COPD, is a predictor of health related quality of life and survival. These patients have a further reduction in exercise capacity and evidence of decreased limb muscle oxidative capacity. We hypothesise that a further decrease in mitochondrial density occurs in patients with muscle wasting and may contribute to a lower oxidative capacity of the muscle.  Mitochondrial ultrastructure was analysed using transmission electron microscopy in the  vastus lateralis  of seventeen COPD patients, ten with low fat free mass index (FFMI) (COPD L ) (FEV 1  33±4.3 %pred, FFMI 15±0.2 Kg.m -2 ), seven with preserved FFMI (COPD N ) (FEV 1  47±7.3 %pred, FFMI 19±0.6 Kg.m -2 ) and compared with nine age and gender-matched healthy sedentary subjects (C) (FEV 1  96±4.0 %pred, FFMI 20±0.9 Kg.m -2 ). Mitochondrial density was reduced in COPD L  in comparison to COPD N  (1.82±0.25 % and 2.72±0.34 % respectively, p L  showed a reduction in mitochondrial least diameter (0.15±0.0µm and 0.13±0.00 µm respectively, p  Mitochondrial density correlated with parameters of lung function, muscle function, exercise capacity and exacerbation frequency. Only exacerbations frequency remained independently related to mitochondrial density in a multiple regression analysis.  We conclude that peripheral muscle of COPD L  patients have a reduced mitochondrial density that is likely to contribute to a decreased oxidative capacity of the muscle.  Supported by Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Scotland  06/S1103/5  and The British Lung Foundation (Trevor Clay, Tc07/09). SG was supported by an ERS long term research fellowship.
COPD treatment defaulters in tertiary care hospital in suburban India: Reasons for treatment interruptions, its prevalence and predictors
Authors: Abhay Javia, Deval Mehta, Firoz Ganchi, Deesha Patel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:We have noticed over several years that many COPD patients(Pt) did not came for regular follow-up. In these Pts treatment interruption may lead to morbidity and mortality  Aim:to determine the prevalence, reasons and predictors of broken appointment and treatment interruption among Pt with COPD  Method:Pts were diagnosed and classified into group A,B,C&D as per Revised 2011 GOLD guidelines. Pt’s detailed demographic data recorded. Defaulter is defined as the Pt who did not turn up for follow up 2 weeks after the given appointment. The reason for default was inquired. Association between Pt characteristics and defaulter status was determined by chi-square test.  Results:Total 200 recruited COPD Pts. M/F=87/13%.Mean age 59.3 years.Pts belonging to group A,B,C&D were 11%,25.5%,41.5%&22% respectively. Overall 64 Pts (32%) were defaulters. 3 main reasons for default were Non-affordability for treatment expense (39%), resolution of symptoms (26.6) and too ill to come (18.75%). Significant co-relation was found between Pts income, GOLD group A& D and Pt’s education with defaulter rate. Out of 27 defaulters belonging to GOLD group D, 55.6% defaulted due to non-affordability for treatment expanse & 33.3% defaulted because of too ill to come. 14 defaulters (21.9%) belongs to GOLD group A with resolution of symptoms (78.6%) being the commonest reason.  Conclusion:Defaulter rate was 32%, defaulter rate was significantly associated with GOLD group A & D, Pts income and Pt’s education level. Main results for default were non affordability for treatment expenses & too ill to come among GOLD group D Pts and resolution of symptoms among GOLD group A Pts.
P-104 Multi-center phase III trial of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors 2 (ARTIST 2)
Authors: K.H. Yoo, S.H. Park, S.J. Lee, S.T. Kim, J. Lee, J.O. Park, Y.S. Park, H.Y. Lim, W.K. Kang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Cytarabine with high-dose mitoxantrone induces rapid complete remissions in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia without the use of vincristine or prednisone.
Authors: M Weiss, P Maslak, E Feldman, E Berman, J Bertino, T Gee, L Megherian, K Seiter, D Scheinberg, D Golde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new induction regimen for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that does not contain vincristine or corticosteroids. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-seven adult patients with newly diagnosed ALL and lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with a dose-intense induction regimen. This regimen was designed to increase the fraction of patients achieving an early complete remission (CR) in an attempt to increase long-term disease-free survival. The induction regimen was cytarabine (Ara-C) 3 g/m2/d for 5 days and mitoxantrone 80 mg/m2 as a single dose on day 3. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 200 micrograms/ m2/d beginning on day 7 was used to promote early myeloid recovery. RESULTS There were 31 CRs (84%). Median time to CR was 34 days, median hospital stay was 28 days, and the median number of days with a neutrophil count less than 500/microL was 18. There were three patients with resistant disease who experienced treatment failure and three early deaths from sepsis. Four patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL achieved hematologic and cytogenetic CRs. CONCLUSION This dose-intense induction regimen produced a high incidence of CRs with acceptable toxicity without the use of vincristine or corticosteroids. Comparisons with our prior vincristine/prednisone-based induction regimen (the L-20 protocol) suggest that patients treated on the current study were more likely to achieve a CR and that they achieved this remission earlier than patients treated with a traditional four-drug (vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) induction regimen.
Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: long-term results of 1,143 patients from a single institution.
Authors: H Zincke, E J Bergstralh, M L Blute, R P Myers, D M Barrett, M M Lieber, S K Martin, J E Oesterling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and complication rate of radical prostatectomy (RP) as a treatment option for clinically localized prostate cancer (clinical stage &lt; or = T2c). METHODS The study was a retrospective analysis of 1,143 consecutive patients (median age, 64 years; range, 38 to 79 y) who underwent RP at one institution (mean follow-up time, 9.7 years). Complications for this study population were compared with those of a contemporary group of 1,000 consecutive patients. RESULTS Of 1,143 patients, 83 (7%) had a low clinical stage (T1) and 160 (14%) had a low histologic grade (Gleason score &lt; or = 3); 648 (57%) had a high clinical stage (T2b or T2c) and 204 (18%) had a high histologic grade (Gleason score &gt; or = 7). Only 113 (10%) died of prostate cancer, and 177 (15%) developed metastasis. Adjuvant treatment (androgen deprivation or radiation therapy) was given in 197 (17%) patients (&gt; or = pT3) and provided virtually identical results as without adjuvant treatment. The 10- and 15-year crude survival rates for 1,143 patients were 75% +/- 1.5% (SE) and 60% +/- 2.2%, respectively; the cause-specific survival rates were 90% +/- 1.1% and 83% +/- 1.9%, respectively; and the metastasis-free survival rates were 83% +/- 1.3% and 77% +/- 1.9%, respectively (398 men at risk at 10 years and 138 men at risk at 15 years). The 10-year survival rate for patients with Gleason score &gt; or = 7 was 74% +/- 3.9%. Only tumor grade was a significant predictor for disease outcome. The hospital mortality rate decreased from 0.7% for the 1,143 study patients to 0% for the more recent 1,000 patients. Severe incontinence declined to 1.4% for the more recent 1,000 patients. Most patients who underwent RP were healthy (Charlson comorbidity index). CONCLUSION Survival at 15 years was similar to the expected survival rate. Current morbidity and mortality rates associated with RP were extremely low. Thus, RP has been a viable management option for men with clinically localized prostate cancer who have a life expectancy of more than 10 years.