tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to J.J. Castillo et al
Authors: Kenji Ishitsuka, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hiroo Katsuya, Junji Suzumiya, Kazuo Tamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

We thank Castillo and Beltran for their comments regarding our work and are pleased to have this opportunity to address their interest in the evaluation of the adult-T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) prognostic index (PI) separately for patients with acute-type versus lymphoma-type ATL. Intheircorrespondence,Castilloetal describedtheclinical, genetic, and pathophysiologic differences between acuteand lymphoma-type ATL. We completely agree with their descriptions. Combination therapy with interferon alfa and zidovudine, which is one of the standard treatments outside of Japan, has been reported to be more effective against acute-type ATL than conventional chemotherapy, but ineffective against lymphoma-type ATL. Moreover, a recent study reported that the genetic differences between acuteand lymphoma-type ATL are acquired by clonal evolution in the lymph nodes. It remains to be determined whether the genetic alterations that have been observed in ATL cells have significant influence on the clinical outcomes of patients with ATL, or whether these alterations should be taken into consideration when tailoring therapy to individual patients. In our study, we attempted to establish an ATL-PI that is applicable to both acuteand lymphoma-type ATL, given that the subtypes have not been considered separately when determining therapeutic options in Japan, and also to make a simple PI that can be applied easily in clinics. Consistent with previous reports, in our study, patients with acute-type ATL (n 564) showed worse median overall survival time than patients with lymphoma-type ATL (n 243): 6.9 months (95% CI, 6.2 to 7.8 months) and 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 11.3 months), respectively (P .001). Application of the ATL-PI to each subtype revealed median overall survival times for acute-type ATL of 4.3 (95% CI, 3.3 to 5.1), 7.3 (95% CI, 6.5 to 8.4), and 15.7 (95% CI, 13.9 to 23.2) months for patients at high, intermediate, and low risk, respectively, whereas those for lymphoma-type ATL were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.7), 9.0 (95% CI, 7.4 to 11.1), and 14.0 (95% CI, 12.4 to 17.2) months, respectively. The three risk groups according to the ATL-PI were thus effectively prognostic both in acute-type (P .001 by log-rank test with 2 df) and lymphoma-type (P .001 by log-rank test with 2 df) ATL. In conclusion, ATL-PI is a PI for patients with aggressive ATL, and it is applicable for both acute and lymphoma types separately. We believe ATL-PI is a promising tool for risk stratification. We hope that it will be validated internationally in studies that include patients treated with a combination of interferon alfa and zidovudine.
Inhibition of Experimental Intimal Thickening in Mice Lacking a Novel G-Protein–Coupled Receptor
Authors: Shuichi Tsukada, Masaru Iwai, Jun Nishiu, Makoto Itoh, Hitonobu Tomoike, Masatsugu Horiuchi, Yusuke Nakamura, Toshihiro Tanaka
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Vascular restenosis attributable to intimal thickening remains a major problem after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods and Results— Through differential-display analysis, we have identified a novel gene whose expression was increased after catheter injury of rabbit aorta. The gene that is expressed predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells encodes a novel protein with 7 transmembrane domains, and we termed it ITR (intimal thickness–related receptor). The ITR sequence contains a motif common to the Rhodopsin-like GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) superfamily. In vivo analyses of this gene revealed that expression of ITR protein increased with intimal thickening induced by cuff placement around murine femoral artery. Furthermore, ITR -knockout mice were found to be resistant to this experimental intimal thickening. Conclusions— ITR thus seems to be a novel receptor that may play a role in vascular remodeling and that may represent a good target for development of drugs in the prevention of vascular restenosis.
Complexities of Morality
Authors: SIDNEY PERLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 May 1970Complexities of MoralitySIDNEY PERLMAN, M.D.SIDNEY PERLMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-761_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I question the merit of Dr. Holmes' patronizing comments not supported by any evidence save his own opinions and testimonials (Ann Intern Med 72:123-127, 1970). Since he is a psychiatrist attached to a reputable medical school, we have a right to a minimum of documentation, lest we unfairly accuse him of pandering to current tastes in passing off conventional wisdom as scientific fact.The dilemma of the 18- to 21-year-old requesting birth control pills cannot be dismissed by accusing one party of the transactions of "aesthetic bias." The social pressure on these girls is often so intense... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 60 Gillett St. Hartford, Conn. 06105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 761-762KeywordsFemale contraceptionTaste Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Any physician seriously interested in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer will find much of interest in this symposium presented at the Second World Congress of Gastroenterology in Munich in 1962. A remarkably catholic selection of 63 teachers and investigators from countries as diverse as Nigeria, India, Japan, and Hungary present 36 papers reviewing current work, concerned largely with the physiological processes attendant upon experimental ulcer production in animals. Dr. S. C. Skoryna has done a fine job of editing out linguistic idiosyncrasies which so often mar these international symposia, but he contributes a mathematical analysis and discussion of "stochastic processes in the causation of peptic ulcer" which can only be classified as ulcerogenic. Gastroenterologists interested in research will want to have this book on their shelves for ready reference, but clinicians will probably prefer to consult a copy in the library. When they do, they will find much useful material.
Technetium-99m Serum Albumin Measurement of Gastrointestinal Protein Loss in a Subtotal Gastrectomy Patient with Giant Hypertrophic Gastritis
Authors: TAKASUKE YOSHIDA, None TOSHIHIKO, HIDENORI SAKAMOTO, AKIHIKO HIGA, YOSHIHIRO DAIMON, YOSHIHISA MIZUTA, YASUAKI HARAGUCHI, SHOICHI FUJIMOTO, KENJIRO TANAKA, HIROAKI HOSHI, KATSUJI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Gastrointestinal protein loss was measured using Tc-99m labeled human serum albumin in a patient with giant hypertrophic gastritis. Gastric secretion was aspirated via a nasogastric tube and measured for radioactivity after intravenous injection of Tc-99m albumin. Assessment of radioactivity of the collected gastric secretion yielded a total radiocount of 98.7 kilocounts per minute within 6 hours, which is equivalent to 1.1% of the total dose. Therefore, at least 1.1% of the circulating albumin was excreted into the gastric cavity within 6 hours, and, since simultaneous abdominal imaging did not demonstrate obvious accumulation of tracer in the gastrointestinal tract, protein loss was thought to be due to giant gastric rugae of the resected stomach. It was concluded that Tc-99m albumin is a valuable means for detection of the site of protein loss in patients with protein-losing gastroenteropathy. This method has several advantages in the clinical setting; it is less time consuming, easy to perform, and provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of protein loss.
Effect of different doses (1,000,000 or 3,000,000 exits) of alpha-interferon on the ALT level of nonAnonB patients
Authors: G. Saracco, F. Rosinna, M.R.Torrani Cerenzia, V. Lattore, L. Chiandussi, V. Gallo, R. Petrino, A.G. De Micheli, A. Solinas, A. Di Plano, C. Pintus, E. David, G. Mazzucco, D. Palladin, G. Bernardi, G. Verme, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Ancient DNA Recovers the Origins of Māori Feather Cloaks
Authors: K. Hartnup, L. Huynen, R. Te Kanawa, L.D. Shepherd, C.D. Millar, D.M. Lambert
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Feather cloaks (“kakahu”), particularly those adorned with kiwi feathers, are treasured items or “taonga” to the Māori people of “Aotearoa”/New Zealand. They are considered iconic expression of Māori culture. Despite their status, much of our knowledge of the materials used to construct cloaks, the provenance of cloaks, and the origins of cloak making itself, has been lost. We used ancient DNA methods to recover mitochondrial DNA sequences from 849 feather samples taken from 109 cloaks. We show that almost all (>99%) of the cloaks were constructed using feathers from North Island brown kiwi. Molecular sexing of nuclear DNA recovered from 92 feather cloak samples also revealed that the sex ratio of birds deviated from a ratio of 1:1 observed in reference populations. Additionally, we constructed a database of 185 mitochondrial control region DNA sequences of kiwi feathers comprising samples collected from 26 North Island locations together with data available from the literature. Genetic subdivision (GST), nucleotide subdivision (NST) and Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variants (SAMOVA) analyses revealed high levels of genetic structuring in North Island brown kiwi. Together with sequence data from previously studied ancient and modern kiwi samples, we were able to determine the geographic provenance of 847 cloak feathers from 108 cloaks. A surprising proportion (15%) of cloaks were found to contain feathers from different geographic locations, providing evidence of kiwi trading among Māori tribes or organized hunting trips into other tribal areas. Our data also suggest that the east of the North Island of New Zealand was the most prolific of all kiwi cloak making areas, with over 50% of all cloaks analyzed originating from this region. Similar molecular approaches have the potential to discover a wealth of lost information from artifacts of endemic cultures worldwide.
An Address on THE PLACE OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN MEDICINE
Authors: A. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1928)

FoR more than a centulry past every medical man has had, in his consulting room or near it, a shelf with a few bottles of reagents, a spirit lamp, and some test tubes, with 'which to carry out certain simple chemical investigations which form-part of -clinical routine.That shelf is the prototype of this great institute, with which the munificence of Mr.Samuel Courtauld has enriched the Middlesex Hospital; and the contrast between prototype and achievement is no greater than that between the medical chemistry of a hundred years ago and the biochemistry of to-day.Indeed, the year 1828 marked an epoch, for in it the G'erman chemist Wohler, afterwards the fellow worker with Liebig, obtained that most abundant product of animal chemistry, urea, as a result of a reaction in the laboratory, and so began the removal of the barrier which was believed to separate organic from inorganic conmpounds-the chemistry of living things from the chemistry of the rocks.Early Associationt of Chemistry-with Medicinie.Buit the association of chemistry witlh medicinie dates back much further.Even the alchem-lists tried to preparc the elixir of life.In the early part of the sixteenlth century lived that eccentric gellius who called hinmself Paracelsus, who looked upon medicine from the standpoint of chemistry; and in the sixteenth ceenturiy w as born van Helmoint, who has been called the father of chemical physiology, of both of whose contributions you may read in Michael Foster's Lect'tres on the History of Physiology.In the seventeenth century our countrymiian Thomlias Willis discovered glycosuria.Many of the pioneers of chemistry w iere mtledical men, somiie of whom occupied clhairs both of
Violence and psychosis. I. Risk of violence among psychotic men.
Authors: P J Taylor, J Gunn
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A survey of the records of 1241 men remanded in prison on criminal charges over four months yielded a high prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Of the total prison intake of 2743 men over the same period, 246 (9.0%) showed major symptoms of psychiatric illness and a further 237 (8.6%) symptoms of withdrawal from drugs or alcohol. Symptoms of neurotic disorders were underrecorded, so in terms of diagnosis 237 men (8.7%) were considered to be psychotic. Of these, 166 (70%) were schizophrenic. The influence of affective psychosis was small. The risk of violence among men with schizophrenia was high. Twenty five (9%) non-fatal personal assaults and 24 (21%) offences of damage to property were committed by men with schizophrenia. The presence of mental illness probably influences the decision to remand in custody for some of these offences, but this is unlikely to explain the substantially higher prevalence of schizophrenia among men convicted of homicide (five (11%) ) and arson (six (30%) ) than would be expected in the general population of Greater London (0.1-0.4%). The prevalence of schizophrenia among men convicted of homicide may even be an underestimate, as may the prevalence of affective psychosis and possibly of other psychiatric abnormalities, given the substantial incidence of concurrent suicide in such men.
Cholesterol Reduction and Life Expectancy
Authors: Bob Arnold, Lachlan Forrow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1987Cholesterol Reduction and Life ExpectancyBOB ARNOLD, M.D., LACHLAN FORROW, M.D.BOB ARNOLD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LACHLAN FORROW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-122_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Taylor and colleagues (1) report that if men with otherwise low cardiac risk reduce their elevated cholesterol levels by an average of 6.7%, their life expectancy will increase by 3 days to 3 months. A person at high risk for ischemic heart disease might increase his or her life expectancy by days or possibly a year. Although the sophisticated analytic model used in this study is impressive, it is biased in favor of cholesterol reduction. A more comprehensive approach would also consider the amount of time consumed in efforts to lower one's cholesterol level, and then calculate...References1. TAYLORPASSSHEPARDKOMAROFF WTDA. Cholesterol reduction and life expectancy: a model incorporating multiple risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:605-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CAGGILULACHRISTAKISFARRAND AGM. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT): IV. Intervention on blood lipids. Prev Med. 1981;10:443-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BECKER M. The cholesterol saga: whither health promotion? Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:623-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSNER F. Medicine in the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides. New York: Ktav; 1984:69-107. Google Scholar3. ROSNER F. The hygienic principles of Moses Maimonides. JAMA. 1965;194:1352-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. EPSTEINOSTER AG. Cholesterol reduction and health policy: taking clinical science to patient care. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:621-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BECKER M. The cholesterol saga: whither health promotion? Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:623-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe cholesterol controversy and health education: A response to the criticsMedical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Concerning Diet and Heart Disease 1 July 1987Volume 107, Issue 1Page: 122-123KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolHypercholesterolemiaLife expectancyRisk management Issue Published: 1 July 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Detection and Correction of House Staff Error in Physical Diagnosis
Authors: Atindra N. Chatterji
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I congratulate Drs Wray and Friedland for their excellent study of the quality of physical examination performed by house staff and interns (1983;249:1035). Their work highlights the concept of teaching the art of medicine at the bedside, which was preached in 1883 by Oliver Wendell Holmes on this side of the Atlantic when he wrote the following: "The most essential part of a student's instruction is obtained, as I believe, not in the lecture room, but at the bedside. Nothing seen there is lost; the rhythms of disease are learned by frequent repetition, its unforeseen occurrences stamp themselves indelibly in the memory."<sup>1</sup> Their estimates of the time needed to review findings at the bedside ranged between 12 and 12 1/2 minutes per patient. Lack of time, therefore, should not be an excuse by "too busy" physicians for not performing a sound physical examination. Kampmeier wrote that
Use of an Algorithm for Administering Subcutaneous Heparin in the Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Paolo Prandoni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Despite the widespread use of subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis, there are no guidelines for achieving adequate anticoagulation with this drug.To implement a weight-based algorithm for the administration of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin after an intravenous loading dose.Prospective cohort study.University hospital.70 outpatients with proximal venous thrombosis.An intravenous bolus of heparin followed by a subcutaneous injection of heparin in doses adjusted for body weight. Subsequent adjustments of the subcutaneous heparin dose were scheduled twice daily according to the algorithm; the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was measured in the mid-interval (target range, 50 to 90 seconds).The therapeutic threshold aPTT (> or = 50 seconds) was achieved in 61 patients (87%) within 24 hours and in 69 patients (99%) within 48 hours. In 7 patients (10%), a supratherapeutic aPTT lasted more than 12 hours. No major bleeding episodes or cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia were seen. Three patients (4.3% [95% CI, 0.9% to 12.0%]) had recurrent thromboembolism during 3 months of follow-up.The administration of subcutaneous heparin according to a weight-based algorithm allows the rapid achievement of effective and safe anticoagulation in patients with deep venous thrombosis.
The local control of coronary blood flow
Authors: F. L. BELLONI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article The local control of coronary blood flow Get access FRANCIS L. BELLONI FRANCIS L. BELLONI 1 From the Department of Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 1Present address and address for correspondence and reprints: Department of Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 2, February 1979, Pages 63–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.2.63 Published: 01 February 1979
901-103 Effects of Dual Chamber Pacing on Myocardial Ischemia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Studied with 13-N Ammonia and 18-FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Jan L. posma, Paul K. Blanksma, Kong I. Lie, Frans D.M. Haagen, Willem Vaalburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Does Treponema Pallidum Persist After Treatment of Late Syphilis?
Authors: Anne Roof Yobs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Does Treponema Pallidum Persist After Treatment of Late Syphilis?Anne Roof Yobs, M.D., Sidney Olansky, M.D., F.A.C.P., Donald H. Rockwell, M.D., John W. Clark Jr., B.S.Anne Roof Yobs, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sidney Olansky, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Donald H. Rockwell, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John W. Clark Jr., B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1088_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCollart, Borel and Durel (1962, 1964) reported the persistence of Treponema pallidum in lymph nodes of 12 patients previously treated for seroreactive, usually manifest, late syphilis with large amounts of heavy metals and penicillin. Similar findings were reported in the study of rabbits treated with massive amounts of penicillin 2 years after infection with T. pallidum.Because of the implication that penicillin is ineffective in late syphilis, a similar study was undertaken using T. pallidum immobilizing test (TPI)-reactive male volunteers whose previous treatment for syphilis could be documented. A surgically excised inguinal lymph node from each of 45 volunteers was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1088-1089KeywordsHeavy metalsLymph nodesPenicillinRabbitsSyphilisTreponema pallidum Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Importance of Beta, the Type II Error and Sample Size in the Design and Interpretation of the Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Jennie A. Freiman, Thomas C. Chalmers, Harry Smith, Roy R. Kuebler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Seventy-one "negative" randomized control trials were re-examined to determine if the investigators had studied large enough samples to give a high probability (greater than 0.90) of detecting a 25 per cent and 50 per cent therapeutic improvement in the response. Sixty-seven of the trials had a greater than 10 per cent risk of missing a true 25 per cent therapeutic improvement, and with the same risk, 50 of the trials could have missed a 50 per cent improvement. Estimates of 90 per cent confidence intervals for the true improvement in each trial showed that in 57 of these "negative" trials, a potential 25 per cent improvement was possible, and 34 of the trials showed a potential 50 per cent improvement. Many of the therapies labeled as "no different from control" in trials using inadequate samples have not received a fair test. Concern for the probability of missing an important therapeutic improvement because of small sample sizes deserves more attention in the planning of clinical trials.
Reducing variation in adverse events during the academic year
Authors: P. Barach, J. K Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> Focal spasticity is a significant motor disorder following stroke, and Botulinum Toxin Type-A (BoNT-A) is a useful treatment for this. The authors evaluated kinematic modifications induced by spasticity, and whether or not there is any improvement following injection of BoNT-A. <h3>Methods</h3> Eight patients with stroke with upper-limb spasticity, showing a flexor pattern, were evaluated using kinematics before and after focal treatment with BoNT-A. A group of sex- and age-matched normal volunteers acted as a control group. <h3>Results</h3> Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that patients with stroke performed more slowly than the control group. Following treatment with BoNT-A, there was a significant improvement in kinematics in patients with stroke, while in the control group, performance remained unchanged. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Focal treatment of spasticity with BoNT-A leads to an adaptive change in the upper limb of patients with spastic stroke.