tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery of the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) following an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)
Authors: Gail Dechman, Denise Wigerius, Paul Hernandez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : AECOPD decreases lung function, increases dyspnea and muscle weakness and makes physical activity difficult. Performing ADL can be difficult during recovery.  Purpose:  An observational study to objectively measure the ability to perform ADL following AECOPD.  Methods : Subjects with AECOPD completed the 10 item Physical Functional Performance Test (PFP) and CRQ quality of life questionnaire, at hospital discharge and at 1 and 2 months post-discharge. The PFP assesses 5 physical capacity domains based on the time and weight carried during 10 typical ADL, including the 6 minute walk test (6MWT). Results shown are the mean +/- (SD).  Results : 24 subjects (13 males), age 72.5 (9.5) years, FEV1 %predicted 45 (20), were recruited during hospital admission for AECOPD. 88% had > 2 co-morbidities. All were community dwelling: 17 lived with a spouse or family member, 7 lived alone.14 subjects had a new AECOPD during the 2-month follow-up (f/u). 10 subjects completed both f/u assessments, 4 lived alone. In these 10 subjects, spirometry and lung volumes were stable throughout the study. The PFP score increased from discharge to the 1 st  f/u visit and then plateaued. At discharge, 5/10 subjects attempted the 6MWT. All completed the test at the 1 st  f/u. The distance increased from 174 (118) m to 233 (109) m at the 1 st  f/u and then plateaued. Clinically significant improvements in the CRQ scores occurred between discharge and the 1st f/u.  Conclusion : At our institution, community dwelling elderly subjects admitted to hospital with AECOPD were frail and prone to re-exacerbation. In this group, recovery of the ability to perform ADL plateaued at 1 month after discharge.
Effect of time-limited psychotherapy on patient dropout rates
Authors: W H Sledge, K Moras, D Hartley, M Levine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The authors conducted an archival study of 149 new clinic patients at a large community mental health center. The dropout rate for patients in brief psychotherapy in which the length of therapy was specified at the outset of treatment (time-limited psychotherapy) (32%) was about one-half the dropout rate for patients in brief (67%) and long-term (61%) individual psychotherapy. The difference in dropout rates could not be explained by patient demographic or diagnostic variables or by therapist characteristics measured in the study. The results suggest that setting a specific time limit on individual psychotherapy at the outset of treatment can reduce the patient dropout rate in a public mental health clinic.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity
Authors: N Breslau, G C Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Despite progress in epidemiologic research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about factors that distinguish chronic from nonchronic PTSD. In a previous report, the authors identified a set of personal predispositions associated with PTSD following traumatic events in a general population sample of young adults. The purpose of this analysis was to identify characteristics of chronic PTSD and examine whether any of the suspected risk factors for PTSD was associated specifically with chronic PTSD.A random sample of 1,007 21- to 30-year-old members of a large health maintenance organization in the Detroit area was interviewed, using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), revised for DSM-III-R. The analysis was performed on data from 394 respondents who reported traumatic events, of whom 93 met criteria for PTSD. Chronic PTSD was defined as duration of symptoms for 1 year or more.Persons with chronic PTSD (N = 53) had, on the average, a significantly higher total number of PTSD symptoms and higher rates of overreactivity to stimuli that symbolized the stressor and interpersonal numbing than persons with nonchronic PTSD. The rates of one or more additional anxiety or affective disorders and a variety of medical conditions were higher in persons with chronic than nonchronic PTSD. Family history of antisocial behavior and female sex were associated specifically with chronic PTSD.The findings suggest that chronic PTSD may be associated with specific risk factors and clinical features. Longitudinal data on the course of PTSD are needed to determine whether the distinct features and the medical and psychiatric histories of persons with chronic PTSD are complications attendant on a chronic course or coexisting disturbances that inhibit recovery.
Abstract 14402: Relationship of Time Interval Between Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization With the Risk of Post-Surgical Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Rajendra H Mehta, Emily Honeycutt, G. Chad Hughes, Michael H Sketch
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Few prior studies have suggested that the time between cardiac catheterization (CATH) and subsequent cardiac surgery is inversely related to post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI). However, these studies because of small number of patients were unable to adequately account for patient case-mix and included those undergoing elective as well as urgent/emergent/salvage surgery.   Methods and Results:  We examined data on 2441 consecutive patients that underwent an elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) after CATH at Duke University Medical Center. The influence of time interval between CATH and CABG on post-operative AKI (defined as increase in post-CABG serum creatinine ≥50% above the baseline and/or the need for dialysis) was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression modeling. AKI occurred in 17.1% of CABG patients. Time interval between CATH and CABG was inversely and independently associated with increased risk of AKI (adjusted OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, p=0.027). The risk of AKI was highest in patients in whom CABG was performed    Conclusions:  Time interval between CATH and CABG was inversely associated with increased risk of post-operative AKI with highest risk in those operated
Improvement of myocardial blood flow to ischemic regions by angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition with quinaprilat IV
Authors: Christian A Schneider, Eberhard Voth, Detlef Moka, Harald Schicha, Frank M Baer, Erland Erdmann, Udo Sechtem, Jacques Melin, Anne Bol, Rainer Wagner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Is Misoprostol Cost-effective in the Prevention of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug—Induced Gastropathy in Patients With Chronic Arthritis?
Authors: Gerold Stucki, Magnus Johannesson, Matthew H. Liang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (1994)

Whether misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, should be routinely prescribed along with nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) to prevent gastric damage is of great clinical importance and has profound cost implications. No consensus exists on whether misoprostol cotherapy results in a cost-saving, is cost-effective, or is costly. The different conclusions reached by five economic evaluations of misoprostol can be explained solely by the assumed absolute risk reduction of symptomatic ulcer, which was more than seven times greater in the studies that concluded that misoprostol was cost-effective than in a study that concluded misoprostol to be costly. Since no study has directly shown the effectiveness of misoprostol cotherapy in preventing clinically significant ulcer disease (ie, hemorrhage and preforation), it is impossible to judge which assumptions are most appropriate. The absence of firm data on the rate of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers reduced by misoprostol makes it impossible to conclude whether it is cost-effective in patients with chronic arthritis who use NSAIDS.
Drug Screening: Microfluidic Chip for Site‐Specific Neuropharmacological Treatment and Activity Probing of 3D Neuronal “Optonet” Cultures (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2015)
Authors: Anat Marom, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto, Erez Shor, Janna Tenenbaum‐Katan, Josué Sznitman, Shy Shoham
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

On page 1478 S. Shoham and co-workers introduce a "brain-on-a-chip" microfluidic platform that hosts brain-like 3D cultures ("optonets") whose activity and response to flowing drugs are recorded optically.Optonets are viable, optically accessible 3D neural networks whose characteristics approximate cortical networks.The results demonstrate the ability to monitor complex 3D activity patterns during extended site-specific, reversible neuropharmacogical exposure, suggesting an interesting potential in drug screening. DRUG SCREENING
The V2 Transition Ratio
Authors: Brian P. Betensky, Robert E. Park, Francis E. Marchlinski, Matthew D. Hutchinson, Fermin C. Garcia, Sanjay Dixit, David J. Callans, Joshua M. Cooper, Rupa Bala, David Lin, Michael P. Riley, Edward P. Gerstenfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Interactions between Ibrutinib and Anti-CD20 Antibodies: Competing Effects on the Outcome of Combination Therapy
Authors: Martin Skarzynski, Carsten U. Niemann, Yuh Shan Lee, Sabrina Martyr, Irina Maric, Dalia Salem, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Gerald E. Marti, Katherine R. Calvo, Constance Yuan, Janet Valdez, Susan Soto, Mohammed Z.H. Farooqui, Sarah E.M. Herman, Adrian Wiestner
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Clinical trials of ibrutinib combined with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) report encouraging results. Paradoxically, in preclinical studies, in vitro ibrutinib was reported to decrease CD20 expression and inhibit cellular effector mechanisms. We therefore set out to investigate effects of in vivo ibrutinib treatment that could explain this paradox.Patients received single-agent ibrutinib (420 mg daily) on an investigator-initiated phase II trial. Serial blood samples were collected pretreatment and during treatment for ex vivo functional assays to examine the effects on CLL cell susceptibility to anti-CD20 mAbs.We demonstrate that CD20 expression on ibrutinib was rapidly and persistently downregulated (median reduction 74%, day 28, P < 0.001) compared with baseline. Concomitantly, CD20 mRNA was decreased concurrent with reduced NF-κB signaling. An NF-κB binding site in the promoter of MS4A1 (encoding CD20) and downregulation of CD20 by NF-κB inhibitors support a direct transcriptional effect. Ex vivo, tumor cells from patients on ibrutinib were less susceptible to anti-CD20 mAb-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity than pretreatment cells (median reduction 75%, P < 0.001); however, opsonization by the complement protein C3d, which targets cells for phagocytosis, was relatively maintained. Expression of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) decreased on ibrutinib, providing a likely mechanism for the preserved C3d opsonization. In addition, ibrutinib significantly inhibited trogocytosis, a major contributor to antigen loss and tumor escape during mAb therapy.Our data indicate that ibrutinib promotes both positive and negative interactions with anti-CD20 mAbs, suggesting that successfully harnessing maximal antitumor effects of such combinations requires further investigation.
Reproducibility of diaphragm thickness measurements by ultrasonography
Authors: Marianna Laviola, Caterina Salito, Andrea Aliverti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Although diaphragmatic variations of the length of zone of apposition are readily studied by ultrasonography (US), only preliminary studies have shown the possibility to use US to measure diaphragmatic thickness (TD). In order to determine reference values of TD during various maneuvers and to assess US measurement reproducibility, 8 healthy subjects (4M, 4F) were studied in supine and standing position during spontaneous quiet breathing (QB), slow vital capacity (SVC), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and maximal expiratory (MEP) pressure maneuvers. TD was measured on lateral ribcage using an US linear probe (7.5 MHz). Six subjects were examined by two different operators on two different occasions on a short time period (2-3 days). Three subjects were examined by the same operator on two different occasions on a long time period (6-7 months). TD was determined by a custom-designed software for image processing at end-inspiration (EI) and end-expiration (EE) during QB, at TLC and at maximal pressures during MIP and MEP maneuvers. Overall average values are reported in the following table (values reported as mean±SD).  ANOVA analysis revealed that no significant differences were present between inter- and intra-observer measures, in both postures, and on both short and long time periods (p>0.05).  In conclusion: a) US represent a reliable and reproducible method for TD assessment; b) TD varies of ∼30% and ∼20% in supine and standing position during QB; c) at TLC, TD is about two-fold higher than at FRC; d) during MIP, TD is maximum.
Cancer Risk in Relatives of Patients with Common Colorectal Cancer
Authors: D. James B. St. John
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To quantify any risk for colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with common colorectal cancer and to define possible markers for increased risk. Design: Case-control family study. Patients: Relatives of colorectal cancer patients and of matched control patients from a one-surgeon practice. Methods: Family medical histories were obtained for 7493 first-degree relatives and 1015 spouses of 523 case–control pairs. Reported diagnoses of colorectal cancer in relatives were verified in 79% of instances. Results: By case–control analysis, the odds ratio was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7) for one and 5.7 (CI, 1.7 to 19.3) for two affected relatives. By matched analysis of risk in relatives, the increased risk to parents and siblings was 2.1 times greater for case patients than for control patients (CI, 1.4 to 3.1); 3.7 times greater (CI, 1.5 to 9.1) with case patients diagnosed before 45; and 1.8 times greater (CI, 1.2 to 2.9) with case patients diagnosed at 45 years or older; and was independent of gender, type of relative, site of cancer, and type of cancer (single or multiple). The cumulative incidence among first-degree relatives was greater for case patients than for control patients (P < 0.001), and in case patients, greater for those diagnosed before 55 years of age (P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence ( S.E.) to age 80 was 11.1% 1.3%, 7.3% 0.8%, and 4.4% 1.0% among relatives of case patients diagnosed before age 45 years, between 45 and 54 years, and at 55 years or older, respectively, and was 2.4% 0.6% in relatives of control patients. Conclusions: First-degree relatives of patients with common colorectal cancer have an increased risk for colorectal cancer. This risk is greater if diagnosis was at an early age and is greater when other first-degree relatives are affected. This increased risk should be considered when formulating screening strategies.
Abstract 12052: Role of eNOS and nNOS in Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Cardioprotection
Authors: Juan Pablo Aragon, Marah Elston, D. Bennett Grinsfelder, Madhav Lavu, John W Calvert, Harold M Wright, Lili A Barouch, David J Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The B3-adrenergic receptor (B3-AR), found in the endothelium and myocardium, has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, acute...
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders
Authors: Stephen J Gould, David Valle
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2000)

Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile Refsum disease and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata are progressive disorders characterized by loss of multiple peroxisomal metabolic functions. These diseases are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, are caused by defects in the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins and are referred to as the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs). Recent studies have identified the PEX genes that are mutated in 11 of the 12 known complementation groups of PBD patients. This article reviews these advances in PBD genetics and discusses how studies of human PEX genes, their protein products and PBD cell lines are shaping current models of peroxisome biogenesis.
Abstract 17423: A Novel in vitro Platform of Perfused Human Microtissues for the Study of Neovascularization
Authors: Monica L Moya, Yu-Hsiang Hsu, Christopher C Hughes, Abraham P Lee, Steven C George
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Understanding the process of vascular network formation and remodeling is key to designing effective strategies for the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases. Much of our current understanding of the neovascularization process is limited to in vivo studies, which require extrapolation of results to human, or in vitro models that lack the dynamic feature of perfusion. In this work we report the development of an in vitro model system of metabolically active microtissues that exchange nutrients and waste through perfused capillaries. For such design, a device consisting of 2 fluidic channels on either side of a central tissue channel, containing fibroblasts seeded in a fibrin matrix (Fig 1A), was microfabricated in polydimethylsiloxane. To study vasculogenic-like processes, ECs were co-seeded with the fibroblasts in the tissue channel. The devices were grown at 5% oxygen tension and formation of perfused vessel networks was encouraged by mechanical (pressure gradients, interstitial flow) and chemical stimuli (hypoxia and nutrient deprivation). Vessel network formation was observed within a week of culture and as early as day 1. Perfusion of the network was confirmed at day 18. Fluorescent dextran (70kDa) introduced on one end of one of the fluidic channel (Fig 1B-C) was shown to reach the other side of the device by traveling through the capillaries of the microtissues as evidence by the presence of dextran in the tissue channel and the absence of dextran in the fluidic channel. (Fig 1D) Anastomosis of vessels in the tissue channel with the fluidic channels was verified by tracking movement of fluorescent 1µm beads introduced into the fluidic channel and through patent capillaries (20-105 µm/s) in the tissue channel. Confocal microscopy of devices stained for CD31 (EC marker) and DAPI (nuclear marker) showed the extensive vessel network (Fig 1E) and further demonstrated the presence of capillary lumens containing microbeads (Fig 1F).
Abstract 12943: Severity of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Influences the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hiroyuki Satake, Koji Fukuda, Yuji WAkayama, Masateru Kondo, Makoto Nakano, Yuhi Hasebe, Mohamed A Shafee, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been reported to influence the mortality of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However the predictors of lethal cardiac events in CHF patien...
Right ventricular diastolic function in patients with COPD and heart failure, depending on endothelial function
Authors: Alena Zhuiko, Marina Gertcen, Eugen Atroschenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is one of the key factors in the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD. Cardiovascular disease is the most common comorbidity in patients with COPD.  Objective: To study the right ventricular (RV) diastolic function in patients with COPD and concomitant heart failure (CHF), depending on the endothelial function.  Methods: A total of 67 patients (mean age, male 59,6±0,9 years) after myocardial infarction (experience 4,97±0,42 years; FEV1/FVC 66,7±1,6%). Vasoconstrictor response of endothelium found in 18 patients - I group, the reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in 26 persons-II group, normal EDV in 23 people -III group.  Results: The isovolumic contraction time of RV increased more on 46 % (p =0,005) and the index of myocardial performance increased more on 11 % (p =0,01) in group I on contrast patients to the patients of group III. Ejection time (ET) of RV reduced to 11,5 % (p =0,003) in group II on contrast to the patients of group III. We’re not found significant differences of diastolic RV function between patients with impaired endothelial function and vasoconstriction.  Conclusion: Impaired endothelial vasodilation in patients with concomitant diseases (COPD and CHF) is accompanied by worsening of RV diastolic function, the greatest changes were found in patients with endothelial vasoconstrictor response.
Nurse‐coordinated collaborative disease management improves the quality of guideline‐recommended heart failure therapy, patient‐reported outcomes, and left ventricular remodelling
Authors: Gülmisal Güder, Stefan Störk, Goetz Gelbrich, Susanne Brenner, Nikolas Deubner, Caroline Morbach, Julia Wallenborn, Dominik Berliner, Georg Ertl, Christiane E. Angermann
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Abstract 6190: Outcomes of Carotid Stenting in Patients with Concomitant Severe Carotid and Aortic Stenosis Prior to Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Subrata Kar, Mehdi H Shishehbor, E. Murat Tuzcu, Deepak L Bhatt, Christopher Bajzer, Samir R Kapadia
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Carotid stenosis increases the risk for perioperative stroke during open heart surgery. Patients with concomitant severe carotid and aortic stenosis (AS) are frequently referred for carotid intervention prior to aortic valve replacement. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that carotid stenting can be safe and efficacious in the setting of severe AS. Methods: Of the total of 829 consecutive patients that underwent carotid interventions from 1998 –2005 at the Cleveland Clinic, 52 patients (65% male, age 78.82 ± 26.16 years) with severe AS (aortic valve area ≤ 1.0 cm 2 , 0.71 ± 0.15 cm 2 ) were included. Demographic, echocardiographic, and angiographic data were obtained prospectively. Our primary endpoints were stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or death. Results: The mean STS Mortality scores for all groups were 6.85 ± 4.53% (n=46), six patient scores were immeasurable. There were no procedural strokes or mortality. TIA occurred in 1 patient during carotid stenting. Thirty day mortality was 6% (2 patients with LV-EF &lt;20% died from heart failure and arrhythmia and 1 died from pulmonary embolism). Two other patients with depressed EF expired &gt;30 days after carotid stenting prior to planned aortic valve replacement (AVR). AVR was performed in 29 of the 52 patients (26 patients ≥ 30 days post carotid stenting and 3 patients &lt;15 days post carotid stenting). Of the remaining 23 patients, AVR was not performed due to death (n=5), high surgical risk from medical comorbidities (n=7), and patient refusal (n=3). Close monitoring and reassessment was recommended in 8 patients with asymptomatic AS. The mean STS mortality scores for patients who underwent AVR and who did not have AVR were 6.88 ± 5.05% and 6.81 ± 4.08% respectively (p=ns). Conclusions: Carotid interventions can be safely accomplished in patients with severe AS prior to AVR.
Return of symptoms after discontinuation of clomipramine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: M T Pato, R Zohar-Kadouch, J Zohar, D L Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

To evaluate the need for maintenance drug therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, the authors assessed 21 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who manifested sustained improvement during 5 to 27 months of clomipramine treatment and who agreed to participate in a double-blind discontinuation study. Of 18 patients who completed the study, 16 had substantial recurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by the end of the 7-week placebo period. In addition, 11 had a significant increase in depressive symptoms. Treatment duration before discontinuation of clomipramine was not related to the frequency or severity of obsessive-compulsive or depressive symptom appearance. These findings suggest that prolonged drug treatment may be warranted for obsessive-compulsive disorder.