tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP77: Will the World Health Organization’s “25 x 25” Goal Be Achieved? An Ecologic Time Trend Analysis of Relative and Absolute Premature Mortality Risk Due to Non-Communicable, Chronic Diseases
Authors: Abigail Baldridge, Jay Pandit, Mark Huffman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: To evaluate country-level time trends (1994-2011) in premature (30-69 years) mortality from non-communicable, chronic diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, and to create forward projections to 2025 to evaluate the WHO’s goal of reducing the risk of premature mortality from NCDs by 25% by 2025. Methods: Using publicly available data from the WHO Mortality Database, we created annual estimates of risk of premature (30-69 years) NCD mortality (1994-2011). The sample included data from all countries reporting NCD mortality data from ≥2 years (n=116) and all countries reporting population estimates over the same years (n=135). We matched these datasets by country, year, division, administrative grouping and sex to reach a final sample of 60 countries (193 WHO Member States, 2011). We used ordinary least squares and log-linear Poisson regression models stratified by sex to evaluate the annual change in risk of premature mortality. We then created forward projections through 2025 using log-linear models. We used extrapolated premature mortality risk at 2025 and compared risk to 2010, with projected United Nations age- and sex-specific population estimates, to evaluate trends. Results: Among all included countries, the average (SD) risk of premature mortality from NCDs based on log-linear models in 1994 was 6.8 (4.2) and 3.9 (2.1) per 1,000 persons in men and women, respectively (Table 1). In 2010, men in lower-middle income countries had the highest rates of premature NCD mortality (7.2 [1.8] per 1,000), and women from high-income OECD countries had the lowest rates (2.0 [0.5] per 1,000). If recent trends continue, the median risk of premature mortality from NCDs will decrease by 25.1% (IQR 16.4, 37.0) by 2025. Conclusions: Among included countries, if recent trends in risk of premature death from NCDs continue to 2025, 50% of countries will achieve the WHO’s 25 x 25 goal. However, data are disproportionately missing from low- and middle-income countries, which appear less likely overall to achieve this goal.
p75 Neurotrophin receptor differentiates between morphoeic basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma: insights into the histogenesis of adnexal tumours based on embryology and hair follicle biology
Authors: D. Krahl, K. Sellheyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Tumour development is frequently described in the basic pathology literature as a recapitulation of embryogenesis. However, a link between the embryology of the skin and the histogenesis of adnexal tumours has been largely overlooked. The low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has a profound role in hair follicle biology. We therefore speculated that it is involved in the histogenesis of follicular adnexal tumours. One of the most challenging diagnoses in dermatopathology is differentiating morphoeic basal cell carcinoma from desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.To describe the expression pattern of p75NTR during cutaneous embryogenesis, in the adult hair follicle and in morphoeic basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.Evaluation of the staining pattern for p75NTR was performed using standard immunohistochemical techniques. For comparison, we examined staining for cytokeratin 20 which highlights Merkel cells.All 17 desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas were immunoreactive with > 80% of the cells stained, whereas 12 of the 14 (86%) morphoeic basal cell carcinomas were p75NTR negative. In the two positive cases of morphoeic basal cell carcinoma < 30% of cells were labelled. In the late bulbous hair peg stage and in the postnatal anagen hair follicle p75NTR highlights the outer root sheath.Our results support the classification of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma as a follicular hamartoma mimicking the outer root sheath. In contrast, the lack of p75NTR expression in morphoeic basal cell carcinoma favours a concept of this tumour as a more primitive follicular lesion with the characteristics of a carcinoma and not a hamartoma. We suggest including p75NTR as a tool in the differential diagnosis between morphoeic basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.
Mutations in CUBN, encoding the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor, cubilin, cause hereditary megaloblastic anaemia 1
Authors: Maria Aminoff, Jo Ellen Carter, Robert B. Chadwick, Cheryl Johnson, Ralph Gräsbeck, Mohamed A. Abdelaal, Harald Broch, Lasse B. Jenner, Pierre J. Verroust, Soeren K. Moestrup, Albert de la Chapelle, Ralf Krahe
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Chinese scientists must test wild animals to find the host of SARS
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Although Chinese government officials claim that the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been effectively contained in Beijing, the rapid decline in the number of cases there has raised suspicions that China may be under-reporting by excluding mild cases.

“They fit the case definition, but because they get better in a few days they are not seen as probable cases. Clinicians are making this decision because there's an assumption that SARS patients must be very sick, but there's a spectrum of severity for SARS,” said Dr Daniel Chin, team leader of the World Health Organization's Beijing SARS experts.

Outbreaks in some of China's poorer provinces, such as Guangxi and Hebei, have been tackled with vigour by local authorities and health workers, keeping numbers below the worst fears of WHO. In Guangxi, a major feeder province for the factories of neighbouring Guangdong, an estimated 260 000 migrant workers returned home between 1 April and 8 …
Meta-analysis of the long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: P.M. van Grunsven, C.P. van Schayck, J.P. Derenne, H.A.M. Kerstjens, J. Renkema, D.S. Postma, T. Similowski, R.P. Akkermans, P.C.M. Pasker-de Jong, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, C.L.A. van Herwaarden, C. van Weel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)
Gene function and expression level influence the insertion/fixation dynamics of distinct transposon families in mammalian introns.
Authors: Manuela Sironi, Giorgia Menozzi, Giacomo P Comi, Matteo Cereda, Rachele Cagliani, Nereo Bresolin, Uberto Pozzoli
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background Transposable elements (TEs) represent more than 45% of the human and mouse genomes. Both parasitic and mutualistic features have been shown to apply to the host-TE relationship but a comprehensive scenario of the forces driving TE fixation within mammalian genes is still missing. Results We show that intronic multispecies conserved sequences (MCSs) have been affecting TE integration frequency over time. We verify that a selective economizing pressure has been acting on TEs to decrease their frequency in highly expressed genes. After correcting for GC content, MCS density and intron size, we identified TE-enriched and TE-depleted gene categories. In addition to developmental regulators and transcription factors, TE-depleted regions encompass loci that might require subtle regulation of transcript levels or precise activation timing, such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and genes involved in the immune response. The latter, despite having reduced frequencies of most TE types, are significantly enriched in mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs). Analysis of orthologous genes indicated that MIR over-representation also occurs in dog and opossum immune response genes, suggesting, given the partially independent origin of MIR sequences in eutheria and metatheria, the evolutionary conservation of a specific function for MIRs located in these loci. Consistently, the core MIR sequence is over-represented in defense response genes compared to the background intronic frequency. Conclusion Our data indicate that gene function, expression level, and sequence conservation influence TE insertion/fixation in mammalian introns. Moreover, we provide the first report showing that a specific TE family is evolutionarily associated with a gene function category.
Weight changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) before and after CPAP
Authors: Paulo Lopes, Fatima Fradinho, Alexandra Catarino, Ana Lopes, Maria João Matos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background - Obesity is a strong risk factor for OSAS and weight loss can reduce apnea severity or even lead to resolution of OSAS in some patients. Whether treatment with CPAP can prevent body weight gain is controversial  Objectives - Determine the weight changes in OSAS patients before and after CPAP treatment and the relation with other parameters measured  Methods - A retrospective analysis was performed on 472 consecutives OSAS patients treated with CPAP and followed at the Sleep Disorders Unit of Coimbra University Hospitals. BMI, OSAS severity, ESS, co-morbidities, compliance to CPAP were collected. The clinical evaluation and initial recommendations regarding weight loss and lifestyle changes were performed on a first appointment (T0), at the night of the polysomnographie (T1) and after CPAP therapy (T2)  Results - The mean age was 61.8±10.7 yrs and 83.7% were males. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was on average 38.1±22.8 (55.4% had AHIg30). At T1, 24.5% increased weight and 40.8% lost weight, with significant BMI decrease. At T2, 24.4% of the patients lost weight and 58.5% had a significant increase of weight and BMI. The ESS at T0 was 11.7±5.8 and decreased to 3.3±3.8 (pl0.001). CPAP adhesion was 89.5±15.2%. Patients with higher BMI were more likely to have more associated pathologies, which did not occur in relation to age or severity of AHI. Obese patients which presented higher ESS score showed a more significant improvement in ESS  Conclusions - Our data suggests that an active weight loss and lifestyle changes plan should be assumed. The regular CPAP use with OSAS control, in many patients, gives them a false idea of security and consequently abandoned initial recommendations.
Abstract P333: Carotid Intima Media Echolucency is Related to Age, Female Sex, Systolic Blood Pressure, BMI and Smoking in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Karlijn A Groenewegen, Sanne A Peters, Hester M den Ruijter, Michiel L Bots
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Atherosclerotic vascular disease can be assessed non-invasively with B-mode ultrasound. Echolucency is an ultrasound characteristic which is measured as the Gray Scale Median (GSM). Echolucent structures appear dark on ultrasound images; echogenic structures appear light. Echolucency of the carotid intima-media is thought to be a marker of the content of the vascular wall, where low values of GSM might reflect inflammation and/or high lipid content and high values of GSM reflect increased collagen and/or calcifications. In previous studies in asymptomatic individuals, echolucency of the carotid intima-media was associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Studies in high-risk populations are lacking. Aim: To assess the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima media echolucency in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Baseline data were used from the RADIANCE 1 trial, a randomized controlled trial on the effects of atorvastatin and torcetrapib (a CETP-inhibitor) compared to atorvastatin alone in familial hypercholesterolemia. Echolucency of the common carotid artery intima media was measured as the mean GSM of the first baseline visit. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the relation between each cardiovascular risk factor and mean GSM (adjusted for age, sex and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), and in a multivariable model containing all risk factors). We studied systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), high and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TGs), smoking, diabetes mellitus and C - reactive protein (CRP). Results: 875 patients were included in the current analysis. Mean age was 46 years (sd 13) and 50% was female. Mean GSM was 67 (sd 18). In age, sex and CIMT adjusted analyses, higher age (ß/sd: -5.71 (95% CI-6.82;-4.61)), female sex (β:-3.53 (95% CI -5.32;-1.73)), higher SBP (β/sd:-1.86 (95% CI -2.81;-0.91)), higher BMI (β/sd:-2.37 (95% CI -2.26;-1.29)) and higher levels of TGs (β/sd:-1.34 (95% CI -2.21;-0.47 were related to a lower GSM (i.e, more echolucency) and smoking (ß 2.91 (95% CI 0.52-5.29)) was related to a higher GSM. In the multivariable model, age (β/sd: -4.92 (95% CI -6.18;-3.65)), female sex (β: -4.35 (-6.41;-2.29), systolic blood pressure (β/sd: -1.32 (-2.38;-0.25) and BMI (β/sd: -1.82 (-2.90;-0.73)) were related to a lower GSM and smoking (β: 2.78 (0.39;5.18)) was related to a higher GSM. Conclusion: Several established risk factors were related to the echolucency of the common carotid intima media in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Few cancer patients benefit from palliative chemotherapy
Authors: Abi Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Only a quarter of patients feel better after having palliative chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer, a study published this week shows.

“When I first went on to the oncology wards I found it staggering that patients had their tumours measured to assess shrinkage from chemotherapy but no one was asking them if they actually felt better,” says Amanda Ramirez, professor of liaison psychiatry at Guy's, King's College, and St Thomas's medical school. …
Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3
Authors: Jiahua Jiang, Veronika Slivova, Tatiana Valachovicova, Kevin Harvey, Daniel Sliva
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

2985 

In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Ganoderma lucidum , an oriental medical mushroom, has been widely used in Asian countries for centuries to prevent or treat different diseases, including arthritis, bronchitis, gastric ulcer, hepatitis, hepatopathy, hypertension, inflammation, nephritis, and cancers. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer cells remain to be elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum suppressed the migration of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells by inhibiting transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, resulting in the down-regulation of the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR). Here we determined the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of cell cycle-regulating and apoptotic proteins in PC-3 cells. Our results demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, down-regulates the expression of cyclin B and Cdc2, and up-regulates p21 expression. Although Ganoderma lucidum did not influence G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle, a slight decrease in the expression of NF-κB-regulated cyclin D1 was observed. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells with a moderate decrease in the expression of NF-κB-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl and markedly increased the expression of proapoptotic Bax protein, resulting in the enhancement of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xl to apoptosis. These results suggest that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by NF-κB-dependent as well as NF-κB-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Ganoderma lucidum inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that Ganoderma lucidum exerts its effect on cancer cells by multiple mechanisms and may have potential therapeutic use for the prevention and/or treatment of human prostate cancer.
A comparison of efficacy and safety of 2-year telbivudine and entecavir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a match–control study
Authors: M.-C. Tsai, C.-H. Chen, C.-H. Hung, C.-M. Lee, K.-W. Chiu, J.-H. Wang, S.-N. Lu, P.-L. Tseng, K.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Yen, T.-H. Hu
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Polymorphism of collagen I gene and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Vera Nevzorova, Tatyana Tilik, Svetlana Vakhrusheva, Evgeny Gilifanov, Nadezhda Kondrashova, Anzhela Kabieva, Larisa Ardeeva, Olesya Topilskaya, Vadim Tilik, Dmitriy Pavlush
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Purpose of the research was to establish frequency of genotype collagen I gene COLIA1 (locus GI546T) and association between frequencies of genotype COLIA1 and relative risk (RR) of morbidity in Russian patients. The group of 120 smokers with COPD (II and III stage, n=60) and COPD associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) (n=60) was examined. Control group consisted of 30 healthy persons. In the study of gene COLIA polymorphism pathological allele T was found in 15% of controls. Genotype GT was revealed at 1/3 of controls while pathological homozygous genotype TT in the same group hadn9t been registered. In both groups frequency of genotype GT was higher than in the control group (χ²=10.0, p=0.002). Genotype TT was not found in the control group only (χ²=63.2, p=0.00001). The RR of severe COPD in the presence of pathological allele T COL1A1 was higher in the I group, than in the II (RR=13.4, 95% CI: 9.7-18.6 RR=5.3, 95% CI: 4.1-6.8 accordingly). Differences in distribution of genotype GT among COPD patients significantly higher than in COPD patients associated with IHD (RR=65.4, RR=5.67, 95% CI: 15.6-273.8; 95% CI: 3.9-8.3 accordingly). Frequency of genotype TT COL1A1 was different between COPD patients associated with IHD and healthy persons (χ²=22.2, p=0.00001) and between COPD patients and controls (χ²=17.5, ρ=0.00001). Frequency of genotype TT and GT COL1A1 also was different between COPD patients and COPD patients associated with IHD (according to RR=126.1, 95% CI: 30.3-524.7; RR=7.7, 95% CI: 5.3-11.1). Our results suggest that allele T COL1A1 is associated with high risk of COPD and genotype TT of COL1A1 is associated with severity of COPD.
Abstract 12955: Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) in Cardiac Surgery May Be Associated to Constant Exposure Rather Than Occasional Previous Administration: A Single Center Study
Authors: M.Burhan Janjua, Tina Burmeister, Jennifer M Bell, Andrew J Zhang, Richard B Schuessler, Jennifer S Lawton, Ralph J Damiano, Stefano Schena
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated, life-threatening, complication of heparin therapy, occurring in about 2% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. These patients receive large doses of unfractionated heparin intraoperatively and may receive heparin for other reasons perioperatively. No definitive study, however, explains how heparin exposure triggers heparin-dependent antibodies to induce platelet aggregation. We investigated various risk factors that predispose these patients to HIT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all adult cardiac surgery patients at our institution since the induction of HIT data in the STS database, in 2011. Patients with HIT (+ve PF4-antibodies) were compared to NON HIT based on previous exposure (i.e. hemodialysis, redo cardiac surgery, unrelated heparin therapy), type of procedure, length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Age, LOS, and categorical data were compared with the unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and χ2 test, respectively. RESULT...
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms with pets in Maltese homes
Authors: Christopher Zammit, David Bilocca, Martin Balzan, Charles Borg, Liberato Camilleri, Kelly Taliana, Denise Formosa, Stephen Montefort
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The Respira study included standardized respiratory questionnaires and clinical exam of children aged 11-14 years.  Aims: To identify associations between prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pet ownership amongst children aged 11-14 years in Malta  Methods: 862 questionnaires were distributed to parents and analysed comparing prevalence (univariate) and using a binary logistic regression model.  Results: Children with pets had a higher prevalence of lifetime wheeze (175/332; p=.04), and rhinitis past 12 months (n=153/354; p=.028) when compared to no pet ownership. Wheeze past 12 months (n=73/434; p=.086), lifetime rhinitis (n=168/339; p=.069) showed a similar trend, but failed to reach statistical significance. In a binary logistic model cat ownership, after correcting for gender, age, socio-economic status, indoor exposure to smoking, and bronchitis in the first year of life, showed an odds ratio of 1.55(95% CI 1.06-2.28 p=0.025) for wheeze in the last 12 months. Cat ownership was not a predictor for asthma treatment in 12 months, or a diagnosis of rhinitis. Owner ship of any pet, dog or bird failed to show any significant odds ratio wheeze in the last 12 months.  Conclusion: Children with pets had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, however in a multivariate model only cat ownership predicted wheeze in the last 12 months, while ownership of any pet, dog and bird ownership was not.
ABI-1, a Human Homolog to Mouse Abl-Interactor 1, Fuses theMLL Gene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(10;11)(p11.2;q23)
Authors: Tomohiko Taki, Noriko Shibuya, Masafumi Taniwaki, Ryoji Hanada, Kazuhiro Morishita, Fumio Bessho, Masayoshi Yanagisawa, Yasuhide Hayashi
Journal: Blood (1998)
Comparative efficiency of national health systems
Authors: G. Avery, M. Segall, D. B Evans, A. Tandon, C. L J Murray, J. A Lauer, L. Bonneux
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—The contribution by Evans et al to the debate on the World Health Report 2000 deserves a comment on the wider issues of the findings rather than just on their validity.1,2 The outstanding feature of the league table on performance is how well most of the countries of the European Union have done and how poorly the countries of sub-Saharan Africa have performed in comparison. This raises the question of whether we in the Western world should be exercising an even greater responsibility than previously for the health of those living in poorer countries.3 The key activities that must be included in the context of richer Western nations helping poorer ones are the following.
Die Seele des Kindes. Beobachtungen über die geistige Entwicklung des Menschen in den ersten Lebensjahren.
Authors: William T. Preyer
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal