tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acid Studies in Experimental Cardiomegaly
Authors: ROBERT G. SUMNER, HENRY D. MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

1. A group of weanling rats was made anemic by an Fe- and Cu-deficient diet consisting of cow's milk. An appropriate control group receiving Fe and Cu in addition to milk was also studied. After 86-105 days, the rats were sacrificed; hematocrit levels, heart weights, DNA, RNA, and protein concentrations were determined. Total DNA, RNA, and protein contents of the hearts were calculated. 2. Statistical analysis showed a significantly increased mean heart weight, decreased DNA concentration, increased RNA to DNA ratio, and increased total RNA and protein content in the hearts of the anemie group of rats versus the control rats. There were no statistically significant changes in RNA concentration or total DNA content of the hearts. 3. These data are interpreted as showing that the predominant cellular change in cardiae enlargement in the rat with dietary Fe-and Cu-deficiency is that of increase in size of the myocardial cell.
Norwegian adolescents with asthma are physical active and fit*
Authors: S. Berntsen, K. C. L. Carlsen, S. A. Anderssen, P. Mowinckel, R. Hageberg, A. K. Bueso, K.‐H. Carlsen
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Evidence regarding habitual physical activity levels and aerobic fitness of asthmatic compared to nonasthmatic children and adolescents is contradictory, and it is unclear if low physical activity levels can contribute to asthma development. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether adolescents with asthma have reduced physical activity levels and aerobic fitness, or increased energy intake and body fat compared to controls. Methods: From the environment and childhood asthma study in Oslo, 174 (13‐ to 14‐year old) adolescents, 95 (66 boys) with and 79 (41 boys) without asthma performed maximal running on a treadmill with oxygen consumption measurement (aerobic fitness) and had the sum of four skinfolds and waist circumference recorded (body fat), followed by wearing an activity monitor and registering diet for four consecutive days. Asthma was defined by at least two of the following three criteria fulfilled: (1) dyspnoea, chest tightness and/or wheezing; (2) a doctor’s diagnosis of asthma; (3) use of asthma medication. Participants with asthma used their regular medications. Results: Neither aerobic fitness, total energy expenditure nor hours in moderate to very vigorous intensity physical activity during week and weekend differed between adolescents with and without asthma. Energy intake and body fat was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Total energy expenditure, aerobic fitness and hours in moderate to very vigorous intensity physical activity were not reduced and energy intake and body fat measured with skinfolds not increased among Norwegian adolescents with asthma.
Hepatic sarcomas in adults: a review of 25 cases.
Authors: A Forbes, B Portmann, P Johnson, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1987)

Twenty-five patients with an apparently primary sarcoma of the liver are reviewed. Presenting complaints were non-specific, but hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function tests were usual. Use of the contraceptive pill (four of 11 women) was identified as a possible risk factor; one patient had previously been exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. Detailed investigation showed that the primary tumour was extrahepatic in nine of the 25 patients. Distinguishing features of the 15 patients with confirmed primary hepatic sarcoma included a lower incidence of multiple hepatic lesions and a shorter time from first symptoms to diagnosis, but the most valuable discriminator was histology. Angiosarcomas and undifferentiated tumours were all of hepatic origin, epithelioid haemangioendotheliomas (EHAE) occurred as primary and secondary lesions and all other differentiated tumours arose outside the liver. The retroperitoneum was the most common site of an occult primary tumour and its careful examination therefore crucial: computed tomography scanning was found least fallible in this respect in the present series. Where resection (or transplantation), the best treatment, was not possible, results of therapy were disappointing, prognosis being considerably worse for patients with primary hepatic tumours. Patients with EHAE had a better overall prognosis regardless of primary site.
PKCε phosphorylation of the sodium channel NaV1.8 increases channel function and produces mechanical hyperalgesia in mice
Authors: Dai-Fei Wu, Dave Chandra, Thomas McMahon, Dan Wang, Jahan Dadgar, Viktor N. Kharazia, Ying-Jian Liang, Stephen G. Waxman, Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj, Robert O. Messing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Mechanical hyperalgesia is a common and potentially disabling complication of many inflammatory and neuropathic conditions. Activation of the enzyme PKCε in primary afferent nociceptors is a major mechanism that underlies mechanical hyperalgesia, but the PKCε substrates involved downstream are not known. Here, we report that in a proteomic screen we identified the NaV1.8 sodium channel, which is selectively expressed in nociceptors, as a PKCε substrate. PKCε-mediated phosphorylation increased NaV1.8 currents, lowered the threshold voltage for activation, and produced a depolarizing shift in inactivation in wild-type — but not in PKCε-null — sensory neurons. PKCε phosphorylated NaV1.8 at S1452, and alanine substitution at this site blocked PKCε modulation of channel properties. Moreover, a specific PKCε activator peptide, ψεRACK, produced mechanical hyperalgesia in wild-type mice but not in Scn10a–/– mice, which lack NaV1.8 channels. These studies demonstrate that NaV1.8 is an important, direct substrate of PKCε that mediates PKCε-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia.
Clinical features of 53 cases with pustulotic arthro-osteitis.
Authors: H Sonozaki, H Mitsui, Y Miyanaga, K Okitsu, M Igarashi, Y Hayashi, M Matsuura, A Azuma, K Okai, M Kawashima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

We have described clinical features of 53 cases with pustulotic arthro-osteitis. Anterior chest wall symptoms such as intersterno-costoclavicular or manubriosternal lesions were observed in all of 53 cases. Spondylitis or spondylodiscitis was found in 18 cases. Sacroiliitis resembling ankylosing spondylitis was seen in 7 cases. Peripheral inflammatory arthritis was seen in 14 cases, which were of nonerosive, of oligoarthritis type, and cured within 1 to 2 months, leaving no residue. HLA B27 was never found, and RAW factor was negative. Histological examinations revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation of bone and soft tissue. Pustulotic arthro-osteitis is apparently distinct from known rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter9s disease. We have proposed that this condition should be classified as a member of the "seronegative spondylo-arthritis9 group as designated by Wright and Moll.
A REVIEW OF 1,000 CASES OF ASTHMA
Authors: F. Coke
Journal: BMJ (1927)

rMED-A3O 965 2. But with 'the " control families " there is in the M.R.C. figures a large element of error, for the so-called i' control families " are by no -means " nio-n-rheeumatic families."They are definedl as follows (p.9): "These families were selected only in the respect that each contained a child attending the hospital for a non-rheumatic disease, and will be termed ' control families.'Whleni the figures are examined it is -found (Table 8, p. 16) that in the 200 -" control families " there were 43 cases of rheumatism, apparently spread over (p.18) pt least 36 of the families.That these were nnt unimpor- tanit instances of previous rheumatism occurring in parents is shown by the following passage (p.18):" The difference in the incidence of rheumatism among the brothers and sisters of the rheumatic and control children respec- tively is striking, the percentage of those with rheumatism in the rheumatic families in the data from St. Thomas's Hospital being almost three times greater than that of the control families....
Freshly Isolated Peyer's Patch, but Not Spleen, Dendritic Cells Produce Interleukin 10 and Induce the Differentiation of T Helper Type 2 Cells
Authors: Akiko Iwasaki, Brian Lee Kelsall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Orally administered antigens often generate immune responses that are distinct from those injected systemically. The role of antigen-presenting cells in determining the type of T helper cell response induced at mucosal versus systemic sites is unclear. Here we examine the phenotypic and functional differences between dendritic cells (DCs) freshly isolated from Peyer's patches (PP) and spleen (SP). Surface phenotypic analysis of CD11c+ DC populations revealed that PP DCs expressed higher levels of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, but similar levels of costimulatory molecules and adhesion molecules compared with SP DCs. Freshly isolated, flow cytometrically sorted 98–100% pure CD11c+ DC populations from PP and SP were compared for their ability to stimulate naive T cells. First, PP DCs were found to be much more potent in stimulating allogeneic T cell proliferation compared with SP DCs. Second, by using naive T cells from ovalbumin peptide–specific T cell receptor transgenic mice, these ex vivo DCs derived from PP, but not from SP, were found to prime for the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines). In addition, PP DCs were found to prime T cells for the production of much lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (Th1) compared with SP DCs. The presence of neutralizing antibody against IL-10 in the priming culture dramatically enhanced IFN-γ production by T cells stimulated with PP DCs. Furthermore, stimulation of freshly isolated PP DCs via the CD40 molecule resulted in secretion of high levels of IL-10, whereas the same stimulus induced no IL-10 secretion from SP DCs. These results suggest that DCs residing in different tissues are capable of inducing distinct immune responses and that this may be related to the distinct cytokines produced by the DCs from these tissues.
The microcirculation during endotoxemia
Authors: R. S. McCuskey, R. Urbaschek, B. Urbaschek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The initial responses to endotoxemia are detectable in the microcirculation as a microvascular inflammatory response characterized by activation of the endothelium stimulating these cells from their normal anticoagulant state to a procoagulant state with increased adhesiveness for leukocytes and platelets. Concomitantly, arteriolar tone is lost and reactivity to a variety of agonists is modified. Tissue damage subsequently results not only from reduced perfusion of the exchange vessels, but also from injurious substances released from activated, sequestered leukocytes as well as activated endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets. This is the result of endotoxins inducing activation and interaction of a number of effector cells, cascades, and acute-phase responses, such as the complement, coagulation, bradykinin/kinin, and hematopoietic systems accompanied by the release of a myriad of mediators. These include eicosanoids, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, reactive free radicals, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide. This paper briefly reviews the microvascular responses to endotoxemia and discusses some of the mechanisms involved.
Donor kidneys and restrictions on their supply.
Authors: P J Wilson, I P Cast
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-With reference to the article "Postnatal depression: does no one care ?" (8 December, p 1487), I would like to point out that the subject of postpartum psychiatric disorders has been scrutinised and been the subject of a lot of time and energy of many researchers for over a century.'Needless to say, numerous papers and research projects have been published during this time.These concern many aspects of the whole spectrum of these disorders-from acute psychotic disorders2 to the "three-day blues syndrome,"'3 including postpartum depression.4With this history in mind I would like to reassure the author that the lack of "appropriate hormones" to treat people like his wife is not the result of people "not having a care" to answer the queries he poses but is much more likely to be a direct reflection of the complexity of the biochemical and endo- crinological state of the psychiatrically ill puerperal women.As far as the "lack of warning" that patients will be affected is concerned, epidemiological studies and research into the aetiology of these disorders are plentiful5 7 and concern in this respect is in an ever-evolving state.
Design of Tube Feeds for Surgical Patients
Authors: J. P. Masterton, H. A. F. Dudley, S. Macrae
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The recognition of the considerable attrition of body protein and fat that may accompany a major illness or -injury has interested many workers in the need for supple- mentary feeding if convalescence is to be rapid and smooth (Moore and Ball, 1952; Blocker et al., 1955; Sutherland, 1955; Fallis and Barron, 1956; Moore, 1959).The unwillingness or inability of the patient to take a large amount of nourishment, particularly of bulky hospital diet, often justifies nasogastric-tube feeding.Occasionally when there is an obstructing lesion in the upper gastro-intestinal tract gastrostomy or jejunostomy is required.Apart from the use of blended whole food (Fallis and Barron, 1956), which, although successful, requires complicated equipment for its preparation, each worker seems to have developed
Effect of angiotensin II on ammonia production and secretion by mouse proximal tubules perfused in vitro.
Authors: G T Nagami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The effects of angiotensin II on total ammonia (tNH3) production and net secretion were investigated using in vitro microperfused mouse S2 proximal tubule segments incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 0.5 mM L-glutamine. Basolateral exposure of mouse S2 segments to 10(-11), 10(-10), and 10(-9) M angiotensin II stimulated tNH3 production rates by 23, 52, and 49%, respectively. Addition of 10(-6) M angiotensin II inhibited the tNH3 production rate by 34%. 10(-10) M angiotensin II inhibited net luminal secretion of tNH3 in the presence of enhanced luminal acidification and in the absence of altered luminal tNH3 efflux rates. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) suggested that the effects of angiotensin II on tNH3 production were not mediated by changes in pHi but by the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II correlated with increased [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of the calcium-calmodulin-dependent pathway with W-7 blocked the stimulatory effect of 10(-10) M angiotensin II on tNH3 production and luminal acidification. These results indicate that angiotensin II has concentration-dependent effects on tNH3 production; that its action to stimulate tNH3 production may be mediated by rises in [Ca2+]i and the calcium-calmodulin pathway; and that angiotensin II, at concentrations that stimulate tNH3 production, inhibits net luminal ammonia secretion by a mechanism that is not mediated by diminished luminal acidification or by changes in luminal ammonia efflux rates.
Reflectance spectrophotometric quantification of skin colour changes induced by topical corticosteroid preparations
Authors: J. W. FEATHER, K.S. RYATT, J.B. DAWSON, J.A. COTTERILL, D.J. BARKER, D.J. ELLIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Reflectance spectrophotometry was used to observe the degree of vasoconstriction induced by topically applied corticosteroids. The average relative blanching effectiveness of the corticosteroid preparations as determined by this technique was the same as that found by other workers using subjective assessments. Reflectance spectrophotometry can be utilized to quantify the degree of vasoconstriction produced by local corticosteroids applied to the skin and is particularly suitable for measuring the response of individual subjects.
Rabies kills 59 000 people worldwide each year, study estimates
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Rabies kills an estimated 59 000 people a year, with the majority of deaths occurring in Africa and Asia, a new study has found.

The study, conducted by the Partners for Rabies Prevention, part of the Global Alliance for Rabies Control, focused on the impact of canine adapted variants of the rabies virus, which are sustained primarily by transmission in domestic dogs.1

Lead author Katie Hampson of the University of Glasgow, United Kingdom, and colleagues based their estimates on mathematical modelling using data from literature searches, international databases, market data for vaccine use, …
Abstract 1232: Immunomodulatory effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and vascular remodeling properties of a cancer vaccine potentiate combinatorial immunotherapy.
Authors: Renee N. Donahue, Italia Grenga, Peter S. Kim, Michael A. Coplin, James W. Hodge, Jeffrey Schlom, Benedetto P. Farsaci
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that have antiangiogenic proprieties have also shown to have immunomodulatory proprieties by decreasing the number and function of immunosuppressive elements such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regulatory lymphocytes. These immunomodulatory properties make TKIs attractive candidates for combination with cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential action of vaccine and the antiangiogenic TKI sunitinib on tumor architecture, to better define the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefit of this combination. Using a CEA+ colon carcinoma mouse model in CEA-transgenic mice, we show for the first time that vaccine and TKI exert differential effects on tumor architecture. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) of 3 distinct types of tumor vessels (identified as CD31+, CD105+, and the monocytic marker CD11b+) demonstrated that vaccine decreased monocytic vasculature while sunitinib decreased the 3 types of vasculature and fenestrations. Immunoenzymatic IHC indicated that each single treatment and the combination affected tumor compactness and tight junctions. Each single treatment decreased hypoxia, as shown by hypoxyprobe IHC analysis, while combining sunitinib with vaccine resulted in the highest tumor oxygenation. Finally, vaccine plus sunitinib increased the tumor infiltration of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. These observations suggest that vaccine acted not only as an immune stimulant, but also as an angiogenic agent. These insights will assist in rationally developing and implementing such combination therapies. Citation Format: Renee N. Donahue, Italia Grenga, Peter S. Kim, Michael A. Coplin, James W. Hodge, Jeffrey Schlom, Benedetto P. Farsaci. Immunomodulatory effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and vascular remodeling properties of a cancer vaccine potentiate combinatorial immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1232
Gender disorder specialist is found guilty of serious professional misconduct
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

One of the United Kingdom's foremost experts on gender identity disorder has been found guilty of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council. The GMC's fitness to practise committee found that consultant psychiatrist Russell Reid had hurried patients into sex change operations, but he avoided being struck off.

Dr Reid, 63, who is currently retired, will instead have strict conditions placed on his work should he take up practice again. He must regularly inform the GMC of any patients he is treating and may not provide hormone treatment to any patient on a first appointment. He may not prescribe hormones to any patient who lacks a firm diagnosis that is backed by physical and …
Prenatal asphyxia, hyperlacticaemia, hypoglycaemia, and erythroblastosis in growth retarded fetuses.
Authors: P W Soothill, K H Nicolaides, S Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The umbilical venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, pH, lactate and glucose concentrations, nucleated red cell (erythroblast) count, and haemoglobin concentration were measured in 38 cases of intrauterine growth retardation in which fetal blood sampling was performed by cordocentesis. The oxygen tension was below the normal mean for gestational age in 33 cases; in 14 it was below the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for normal pregnancies. The severity of fetal hypoxia correlated significantly with fetal hypercapnia, acidosis, hyperlacticaemia, hypoglycaemia, and erythroblastosis. These findings indicate that "birth asphyxia" is not necessarily due to the process of birth.
Diffuse Calcification and a Draining Wound
Authors: Sandeep M. Patel, Todd D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Baker's Cyst in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Catherine Bakewell, Carin Dugowson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 45-year-old man with moderately severe erosive rheumatoid arthritis presented with a several-month history of a painful left calf. He had a 1.5-year history of rheumatoid arthritis affecting both elbows, wrists, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, knees, ankles and metatarsophalangeal joints. Examination of the joints revealed diffuse synovitis with bilateral knee effusions and a visibly enlarged left calf with a palpable mass extending inferiorly from the popliteal fossa (Panels A and B). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 58 mm per hour, and the C-reactive protein level was 37.6 mg per liter. Tests were positive for rheumatoid factor and antibodies against . . .