tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIABETES MELLITUS AT THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL FROM 1824 TO 1898. A STUDY OF THE MEDICAL RECORDS.
Authors: REGINALD H. FITZ
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The examination of the records of the cases of saccharine diabetes treated in the wards of the Massachussetts General Hospital during the past seventy-four years was begun for the purpose of seeking evidence with regard to the pancreatic origin of this disease. (See<i>Yale Medical Journal</i>, 1898, iv, 275.) Since several hundred volumes were to be searched it seemed desirable to obtain at the same time information upon other points which might contribute to the statistics of diabetes. Facts of interest in diagnosis and treatment were elicited as the study progressed and this paper is offered rather as a historical sketch of the progress of a disease drawn from the original records than as an attempt to advance in any way our knowledge of the subject. Since diabetes mellitus was first sharply differentiated from diabetes insipidus early in the present century, the hospital records may be considered to be nearly
A Rare Case of Synchronous Bilateral Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumor Detected by 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Silvia Taralli, Giorgio Treglia, Germano Perotti, Paolo Graziano, Giuseppe Cardillo, Paola Castaldi, Maria Lucia Calcagni, Vittoria Rufini, Alessandro Giordano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 64-year-old man was referred to our center for metabolic characterization of 2 bilateral pulmonary lesions, incidentally detected at computed tomography (CT). 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showed a weak radiopharmaceutical uptake in both pulmonary lesions. A subsequent 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT showed intense radiopharmaceutical uptake in both pulmonary lesions. Subsequently, the patient underwent histopathological examinations of both lesions, which showed a synchronous well-differentiated pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (typical carcinoid tumor). This case reports a rare occurrence of synchronous pulmonary carcinoid, highlighting the role of different PET tracers for metabolic characterization of pulmonary nodules.
"STUDY OF HUMAN AMEBIASIS BY MEANS OF THE MOTION PICTURE"
Authors: Toynbee Wight
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 17, there appears an article entitled "Study of Human Amebiasis by Means of the Motion Picture," by Barrow and Woodard, which has placed me in a very embarrassing position. After years of intensely hard work, Clifford Dobell was able to send me in Palo Alto cysts of three separate strains with compatible bacterial associations. After cultivation I furnished the California School of Tropical Medicine with live cultures. I also exacted a promise from Dr. Reed that the history of these strains should not be given out until Dobell's work on them should be published. Barrow has given an entirely imaginary and absolutely erroneous origin for one of these strains that he took to Los Angeles. It is very possible that he did not have a human strain at all. Two of my three strains were of monkey origin, and I have excellent reasons
PTP1b Is a Physiologic Regulator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Anthony A. Lanahan, Diana Lech, Alexandre Dubrac, Jiasheng Zhang, Zhen W. Zhuang, Anne Eichmann, Michael Simons
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) signaling is a control point that determines the extent of vascular tree formation. Recent studies demonstrated an important role played by VEGFR2 endothelial trafficking in control of its activity and suggested the involvement of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1b) in this process. This study was designed to define the role of PTP1b in endothelial VEGFR2 signaling and its role in regulation of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.We generated mice carrying an endothelial-specific deletion of PTP1b and examined the effect of this knockout on VEGF signaling, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis in vitro and in vivo. PTP1b knockout endothelial cells had increased VEGF-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, sprouting, migration, and proliferation compared with controls. Endothelial PTP1b null mice had increased retinal and Matrigel implant angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing, pointing to enhanced angiogenesis. Increased arteriogenesis was demonstrated by observations of faster recovery of arterial blood flow and large numbers of newly formed arterioles in the hindlimb ischemia mouse model. PTP1b endothelial knockout also rescued impaired blood flow recovery after common femoral artery ligation in synectin null mice.PTP1b is a key regulator of endothelial VEGFR2 signaling and plays an important role in regulation of the extent of vascular tree formation.
The needle necropsy.
Authors: J C Underwood, D N Slater, M A Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The technique of limited necropsy by histological examination of needle tissue cores obtained percutaneously is indicated when a full necropsy is not justified owing to the risk of infection or when tissue for special investigations is needed soon after death without recourse to full necropsy facilities. The method is ideal for detecting conditions producing diffuse changes in an organ. Because the cadaver is preserved essentially intact relatives who refuse permission for a standard necropsy might consent to a needle necropsy if this option is offered to them.
G.M.C. Delay in Full Registration
Authors: A. W. Prince, A. S. Green
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Consultancy in Radiology G. A. Medhurst, D.M.R.D   177 ABO Blood Groups and Myelomatosis T. M. Allan, M.B.   178 Internal Sphincterotomy A. P. T. Clery, F.R.C.S.I., and M. Feely, M.B   178 Varicella and Herpes Zoster T. H. Gillison, M.R.C.P   178 Teratogenic Drugs-R.C.G.P. Survey D. L. Crombie, M.D., F.R.C.G.P., and others.. 178 Nicotine Intake in Cigarette Smokers L. M. Johnston, M.B   179 Psychiatry Courses for G.P.s R. I. Muir, M.B  179
Rhabdoid Tumor Growth is Inhibited by Flavopiridol
Authors: Melissa E. Smith, Velasco Cimica, Srinivasa Chinni, Kavitha Challagulla, Sridhar Mani, Ganjam V. Kalpana
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Rhabdoid tumors are aggressive and incurable pediatric malignancies. INI1/hSNF5, a tumor suppressor biallelically deleted/inactivated in rhabdoid tumors, directly represses cyclin D1. Rhabdoid tumors and cells are exquisitely dependent on cyclin D1 for genesis and survival, suggesting that targeting the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) axis may be an effective therapeutic strategy for these tumors. Because cdk inhibitors have not been used for preclinical or clinical testing on rhabdoid tumors, we investigated the effect of flavopiridol, a pan-cdk inhibitor with promising clinical activity, on rhabdoid tumors. Experimental Design: The effect of flavopiridol on rhabdoid cells was tested in vitro using survival, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Its effect was assessed in vivo using xenografted rhabdoid tumor models. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess the effect of flavopiridol on cyclin D1 and p21 expression in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results: Nanomolar concentrations of flavopiridol inhibited rhabdoid cell growth (IC50 ∼200 nmol/L), induced G1 and G2 arrest, and apoptosis in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were correlated with the down-modulation of cyclin D1, up-regulation of p21, and induction of caspase 3/7 activities. Flavopiridol (at 7.5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of xenografted rhabdoid tumors, and its effect was correlated with the induction of p21 and down-modulation of cyclin D1. Conclusions: Flavopiridol is effective in inducing cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity in rhabdoid tumors. Its effects are correlated with the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and the up-regulation of p21. Flavopiridol is potentially a novel chemotherapeutic agent for rhabdoid tumors.
Preliminary results of naive combination therapy with 12KDA peg-IFN α-2B and ribavirin in recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation (LT)
Authors: B. Lavezzo, A. Franchello, A. Smedile, D. Cocchis, E. David, V. Ghisetti, M. Torrani, A. Ricchiuti, M. Salizzoni, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Association of the clusterin gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Makoto Daimon, Toshihide Oizumi, Shigeru Karasawa, Wataru Kaino, Kaoru Takase, Kyouko Tada, Yumi Jimbu, Kiriko Wada, Wataru Kameda, Shinji Susa, Masaaki Muramatsu, Isao Kubota, Sumio Kawata, Takeo Kato
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
394 Tryptophan/kynurenine pathway changes in HCV-infected patients: Possible involvement in associated neuropsychiatry pathology
Authors: A.L. Zignego, A. Cozzi, D. Baldi, C. Curradi, T. Biagiotti, M. Aldinucci, M. Monti, C. Giannini, M. Rosselli, E. Chiarantini, G. Laffi, F. Moroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Nonmyeloablative Conditioning Regimen to Increase Engraftment of Gene-modified Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Young Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Alice F Tarantal, Francesca Giannoni, C Chang I Lee, Jennifer Wherley, Teiko Sumiyoshi, Michele Martinez, Christoph A Kahl, David Elashoff, Stan G Louie, Donald B Kohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Immune responses to transgene products may lead to rejection of transduced cells, limiting successful gene therapy for genetic diseases. While moderate dosages of chemotherapeutic agents such as busulfan may increase hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) engraftment, they are not immune suppressive and do not abrogate immune responses to transgene products. Studies focused on nonmyeloablative conditioning with busulfan ± fludarabine in a clinically relevant monkey model to induce immune suppression to allow cells expressing a foreign transgene product to persist. Bone marrow CD34(+) HSC were transduced in two equal fractions using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-based lentiviral vectors carrying a nonexpressed DNA sequence tag (NoN) and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Post-transplant there was no evidence of elimination of cells containing the potentially immunogenic GFP gene; several recipients had stable persistence of cells, and no differences were detected with fludarabine, which was rapidly cleared. Antibodies and cellular immune responses to GFP developed in recipients with the highest levels of GFP-marked cells, although these cells were not eliminated. These studies establish a clinically relevant pediatric primate model to assess the effects of conditioning regimens on the engraftment of transduced HSC and the immune responses to cells expressing a foreign gene product.
Selective Hypopituitarism
Authors: Constantine Arvanitakis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is associated with a variety of endocrine deficiency syndromes, but hypopituitarism, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described hitherto as one of them. Two patients with candidiasis of early onset developed secondary adrenal failure due to limited adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) reserve, demonstrated by low plasma cortisol and urinary corticoid levels, ACTH stimulation, and metyrapone test. In addition, one patient showed urinary gonadotrophins (follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones), testosterone, and plasma growth hormone deficiency. Other manifestations included idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, steatorrhea, and megaloblastic anemia. Impaired cell-mediated immunity, which characterizes chronic candidiasis, was evidenced by cutaneous anergy and severe lymphopenia. Fetal thymus transplantation was successful in immunological reconstitution in one patient, and hormone replacement therapy was effective in both.
Increased Recognition of Depression in Primary Care
Authors: Domenico Berardi, Marco Menchetti, Nadia Cevenini, Sara Scaini, Matteo Versari, Diana de Ronchi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Underrecognition and undertreatment of depression in primary care has been regarded as a major public health problem. In contrast, some studies found that among patients labeled as depressed by primary-care physicians (PCPs), a relevant proportion do not satisfy international diagnostic criteria for depression. The aims of this study are: (1) to assess disparity between PCP diagnosis and research diagnosis of depression; (2) to compare antidepressant treatment in concordant and discordant cases of depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Data are gathered from a national survey on depressive disorders in primary care, conducted with the collaboration of 191 PCPs. Three hundred and sixty-one PCP patients were evaluated, and their psychiatric diagnosis was established by the ‘unaided’ PCPs and by using a research interview for depression. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; PCPs recognized 79.4% of cases of depression and prescribed antidepressants to 40.9% of them. Yet, 45.0% of patients labeled as depressed by the PCPs were not cases of depression according to ICD-10 criteria; 26.9% of false-positive cases received an antidepressant. Globally, 35% of antidepressants for ‘depression’ were prescribed to false-positive cases. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Underrecognition and undertreatment of depression in primary care seem to be less alarming. Conversely, PCP diagnoses of depression appear to be more inclusive than psychiatric diagnostic criteria. A possible consequence of this apparently more inclusive diagnostic threshold may be an excessive use of antidepressants. These changes require a corresponding change in research, toward efficacy and safety of the treatment of milder cases, and in education, toward the distinction between the management of mild and severe cases of depression.
Serum fructosamine--the pH factor
Authors: T. Baines
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Filariasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and is endemic in regions of India. Lymphatic filariasis in India is caused mainly by two species of nematodes: <i>Wuchereria bancrofti</i> and <i>Brugia malayi</i>, which invade the human lymphatic system. We report two cases of superficial cystic lesions of the upper limb revealed on fine needle aspiration (FNA) to be clinically unsuspected filariasis. Despite similar aetiologies, both cases revealed variations in aspirate nature, smear morphology and peripheral blood findings. FNA provides definitive diagnosis and is an important tool for diagnosing soft tissue swellings owing to filariasis.
Poor-Quality Medical Research
Authors: Douglas G. Altman
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The aim of medical research is to advance scientific knowledge and hence—directly or indirectly—lead to improvements in the treatment and prevention of disease. Each research project should continue systematically from previous research and feed into future research. Each project should contribute beneficially to a slowly evolving body of research. A study should not mislead; otherwise it could adversely affect clinical practice and future research. In 1994 I observed that research papers commonly contain methodological errors, report results selectively, and draw unjustified conclusions. Here I revisit the topic and suggest how journal editors can help.
Burns
Authors: John A. Moncrief
Journal: JAMA (1979)

SMALL or superficial burns can be successfully managed by any modality, but larger thermal injuries and deep burns require special attention and a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology involved to minimize morbidity and mortality. <h3>Initiation of Treatment</h3> The initial treatment of the burn patient can be conveniently divided into several segments. Priorities are determined by the demands of the individual situation, and in actual practice all of the treatment approaches are being accomplished essentially simultaneously. These include sedation, the insertion of a urinary catheter to measure the amount and character of urine, the administration of tetanus prophylaxis, the use of antibiotics (if indicated), the institution of intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation therapy, and the initial treatment of the local wound itself. Baseline blood counts, arterial blood gas levels, and pH measurements are routine requirements. <h3>Sedation</h3> Because of the fluid translocations that occur immediately following thermal injury and progress for several hours
Abstract 4811: Soluble biomarkers identify mCRC patients subgroups showing increased benefit from the VEGF signaling inhibitor cediranib in combination with chemotherapy
Authors: Aurelien J.C. Pommier, Stuart Spencer, Shethah Morgan, Chris Womack, Juliane M. Jurgensmeier, Susan Critchlow, Simon T. Barry
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Identifying potential predictive biomarkers differentiating sensitivity/resistance to VEGF signaling inhibitors (VEGFi) will enhance use of these therapies. We used &amp;gt;580 pre and on-treatment serum samples and 259 tumours diagnostic biopsies from mCRC patients enrolled in a Phase III trial (HORIZON II) treated with chemotherapy ± cediranib(a VEGFi), to screen the potential predictive value of multiple serum proteins and tumour genes. At baseline leptin was the most significant marker associated with OS of patients treated with chemo-ced (Pinteraction&amp;lt;0.001). Leptin concentration correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and obese patients (BMI&amp;gt;30) showed improved OS when treated with chemo-ced compared to non-obese patients (HR=0.55, 0.36-0.85, p=0.008). In the same patients, we identified two gene expression signatures associated with benefit on chemo-ced. Patients characterized by a high expression of GAHGL (Glucose metabolism, Angiogenesis, Hypoxia, Glutamine metabolism, Leptin signaling) (Pinteraction=0.028) and low expression of LOPS (Lipid metabolism, Oxidative activity, Proliferation and Serine synthesis) gene signature (Pinteraction=0.002) had improved OS in chemo-ced treated patients. Serum leptin concentration was found positively correlated with expression of genes involved in GAHGL in patients. In addition a baseline signature (BS) of 47 biomarkers including VEGFA, VEGFD, VEGFR2, VEGFR3 and TIE-2, defined two distinct subgroups of patients. Patients treated with chemotherapy plus cediranib who had ‘high’ BS had shorter PFS (HR=1.82, p=0.003) than patients with ‘low’ BS. This BS had no effect on PFS of the patients treated with chemotherapy plus placebo. Finally, we identified a profile of 16 pharmacodynamic (PD) proteins on treatment associated with PFS (HR=0.58, p&amp;lt;0.001) and OS (HR=0.52, p&amp;lt;0.001) in patients treated with chemotherapy plus cediranib. This PD profile had no effect on PFS and OS in patients treated with chemotherapy plus placebo. This work provides original candidate biomarkers to select patients most likely to benefit from VEGFi therapies. Citation Format: Aurelien J.C. Pommier, Stuart Spencer, Shethah Morgan, Chris Womack, Juliane M. Jurgensmeier, Susan Critchlow, Simon T. Barry. Soluble biomarkers identify mCRC patients subgroups showing increased benefit from the VEGF signaling inhibitor cediranib in combination with chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4811. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4811
Changing concepts in the pathogenesis and management of thyroid carcinoma
Authors: R. F. Gagel, H. Goepfert, D. L. Callender
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1996)

A wealth of knowledge regarding the molecular causation of thyroid carcinoma has been accumulated over the past five years. This information has already had a significant impact on the management of some forms of thyroid carcinoma. The challenge during the next 10 years will be to incorporate newly acquired information into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to thyroid carcinoma and to coordinate use of this information with time-tested approaches to further decrease morbidity and mortality from thyroid carcinoma.
Two Unusual Cases of Ectopic Gestation
Authors: James T. Lacey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

DURING the past twenty years of a general surgical practice in two small community hospitals (under 50 beds) 25 patients with extra-uterine pregnancy have been operated upon.Twenty-three of these cases were the more common type of rupture with tubal pregnancy. One case was a repeat — a rupture in a tubal pregnancy on the left one year after rupture of the right tube.The remaining cases were much rarer: a full-term abdominal pregnancy, with living mother and baby; and an ovarian pregnancy, with co-existing intrauterine pregnancy.A review of the literature discloses many references to abdominal pregnancy. Renner1 notes . . .
Increased ethane exhalation, an in vivo index of lipid peroxidation, in alcohol-abusers.
Authors: P Letteron, V Duchatelle, A Berson, B Fromenty, C Fisch, C Degott, J P Benhamou, D Pessayre
Journal: Gut (1993)

Ethane exhalation was measured in 42 control subjects, 52 patients with various non-alcoholic liver diseases, and 89 alcohol abusers who had been admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal and assessment of liver disease (six with normal liver tests, 10 with steatosis with or without fibrosis, six with alcoholic hepatitis, 29 with cirrhosis, 34 with both cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis, and four with both cirrhosis and a hepatocellular carcinoma). Ethane exhalation was similar in control subjects and in patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases, but was five times higher in alcohol abusers. Ethane exhalation in alcohol abusers was significantly, but very weakly, correlated with the daily ethanol intake before hospital admission, and the histological score for steatosis, but not with the inflammation or alcoholic hepatitis scores. Ethane exhalation was inversely correlated with the duration of abstinence before the test. In nine alcoholic patients, the exhalation of ethane was measured repeatedly, and showed slow improvement during abstinence. Ethane exhalation was significantly but weakly correlated with the Pugh's score in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. It is concluded that the mean ethane exhalation is increased in alcohol abusers. One of the possible mechanisms may be the presence of oxidizable fat in the liver. The weak correlation with the Pugh's score is consistent with the contribution of many other factors in the progression to severe liver disease.
Chemotactic responses of fibroblasts to tropoelastin and elastin-derived peptides.
Authors: R M Senior, G L Griffin, R P Mecham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Fibroblasts are known to have chemotactic responses to two components of the extracellular matrix, collagen and fibronectin. To extend these observations to other extracellular connective tissue macromolecules and their proteolytic fragments, fibroblasts from adult human skin and from late-gestation (270 d), fetal bovine ligaments were studied for chemotactic responsiveness to tropoelastin and elastin-derived peptides. Bovine ligament tropoelastin and elastin-derived peptides, generated from either human aortic elastin with human neutrophil elastase or from bovine ligament elastin with pancreatic elastase, elicited chemotactic responses that were maximal at 0.2 micrograms/ml (3 X 10(-9) M) and 0.5-2.0 micrograms protein/ml, respectively. Fractionation of the elastin-derived peptides by gel filtration (Bio-Gel P-10) indicated that comparable levels of chemotactic activity were present in all fractions, and amino acid analysis of the fractions showed no relationship between chemotactic activity and desmosine concentration. Taken in conjunction with the observations on tropoelastin, it appears that fibroblast chemotaxis to elastin components does not involve the cross-links of elastin. These results demonstrate that the influences of the connective tissue matrix upon fibroblast migration might include elastin precursors and fragments of elastin.