tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does 'Google Translate' replace translation services in the NICU? A tri-lingual comparison
Authors: Nele Börner, Stefanie Sponholz dos Santos, Kai König, Silke Brodkorb, Christoph Bührer, Charles Christoph Roehr
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Communication with family members with limited English proficiency is a daily challenge in the work on a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Professional interpreters are not always at hand whereas online translation tools, e.g. Google Translate (GT), appear to offer a feasible and easily accessible alternative. The objective of this study was to test the reliability of selected GT translations of standardized sentences of a neonatal doctor-patient-interview. Methods: 20 sentences were taken from an English NICU parent information brochure and translated in to German, Portuguese and Arabic using GT. After checking the translations with regards to grammar and content, in a second step and after simplification of all incorrect sentences, re-translation with GT was performed and again checked for correctness. Results: Overall 52% of the translations were incorrect in regards to content and grammar, varying between 45% - 60%. Simplification led to correct content in overall 29% of the translations, the remainder stayed imprecise. Discussion: Any translation service, whether it is traditional or intent-based, is prone to error. With GT, contextual and grammatically incorrect translations are common. The design of GT as a statistical translation engine might be an explanation. Conclusion: Presently, traditional interpreter services cannot be replaced by online translation engines. In particular circumstances, use of GT or similar engines may be justified, if users are aware of limitations. For future, we suggest to compile a catalogue of sentences containing central information which can be translated in to defined foreign languages without misinterpretation or loss of information.
Peritoneal mesothelioma: natural history and response to chemotherapy.
Authors: K H Antman, E A Pomfret, J Aisner, J MacIntyre, R T Osteen, J S Greenberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Twenty-three patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma seen at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the University of Maryland Cancer Center from 1968 to 1982 were studied to assess the natural history of the disease and the efficacy of current treatment. Asbestos exposure was reported by 57%. Of 18 patients receiving a doxorubicin-containing regimen, 14 had measurable or evaluable disease. One complete response, four partial responses and one regression (in a patient with evaluable but not measurable disease) were observed, ranging in duration from 6 to 36 months. A single patient remains disease free for more than 36 months after subsequent radiotherapy. Significant clotting abnormalities (including disseminated intravascular coagulation, massive thrombosis, fatal pulmonary emboli, Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, and phlebitis) occurred in 22% of the patients. Trends toward decreased survival were observed for smokers, patients presenting with ascites, and those with stage II-IV disease.
Effect of Type 2 Diabetes on Recurrent Major Cardiovascular Events for Patients With Symptomatic Vascular Disease at Different Locations
Authors: Manon C. Stam-Slob, Yolanda van der Graaf, Gert Jan de Borst, Maarten J. Cramer, L.J. Kappelle, Jan Westerink, Frank L. Visseren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Our aim is to compare the effect of type 2 diabetes on recurrent major cardiovascular events (MCVE) for patients with symptomatic vascular disease at different locations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 6,841 patients from the single-center, prospective Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort study from Utrecht, the Netherlands, with clinically manifest vascular disease with (n = 1,155) and without (n = 5,686) type 2 diabetes were monitored between 1996 and 2013. The effect of type 2 diabetes on recurrent MCVE was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified for disease location (cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, or polyvascular disease, defined as ≥2 vascular locations). RESULTS Five-year risks for recurrent MCVE were 9% in cerebrovascular disease, 9% in peripheral artery disease, 20% in those with an abdominal aortic aneurysm, 7% in coronary artery disease, and 21% in polyvascular disease. Type 2 diabetes increased the risk of recurrent MCVE in coronary artery disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67; 95% CI 1.25–2.21) and seemed to increase the risk in cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.36; 95% CI 0.90–2.07), while being no risk factor in polyvascular disease (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.83–1.50). Results for patients with peripheral artery disease (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.79–2.56) or an abdominal aortic aneurysm (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.23–3.68) were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes increased the risk of recurrent MCVE in patients with coronary artery disease, but there is no convincing evidence that it is a major risk factor for subsequent MCVE in all patients with symptomatic vascular disease.
Diagnostic Delays Are Common Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nishant Patel, Adam C. Yopp, Amit G. Singal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Background: Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) present at advanced stages. The prevalence and clinical impact of delays during diagnostic evaluation among patients with HCC is unclear. Purpose: To identify and characterize factors associated with diagnostic delays among patients with HCC. Methods: Records were reviewed for consecutive patients with cirrhosis and HCC at a large urban hospital between January 2005 and July 2012. Time from presentation to diagnosis was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Diagnostic delay was defined as time to diagnosis exceeding 3 months, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlates of diagnostic delays. Results: Among 457 patients with HCC, 226 (49.5%) were diagnosed as outpatients. Among these, median time-to-diagnosis was 2.2 months, with 87 patients (38.5%) experiencing a diagnostic delay. Diagnostic delays were positively associated with the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% CI, 1.03–5.07) and negatively associated with presentation after implementation of the electronic medical records (EMR) (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15–0.52) and presentation with an abnormal ultrasound (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19–0.67) on multivariate analysis. Higher rates of diagnostic delays were observed among those with hepatic encephalopathy (56% vs 35%), whereas lower rates were seen in those who presented after EMR implementation (26% vs 60%) and those who presented with an abnormal ultrasound with or without an elevated alpha fetoprotein level (27% vs 50%). Among 49 patients with mass-forming HCC and diagnostic delay, 18% had interval tumor growth of 2 cm or greater. Conclusions: Nearly 20% of patients with HCC wait more than 3 months from presentation to diagnosis, which can contribute to interval tumor growth.
Tumor Hypoxia: Chicken, Egg, or a Piece of the Farm?
Authors: C. Norman Coleman, James B. Mitchell, Kevin Camphausen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.610 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11821437 Tumor Hypoxia: Chicken, Egg, or a Piece of the Farm? C. Norman ColemanxC. Norman ColemanSearch for articles by this author , James B. MitchellxJames B. MitchellSearch for articles by this author , Kevin CamphausenxKevin CamphausenSearch for articles by this author Show More Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.610 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Observational retrospective study on the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated to pulmonary disease in patient with PH out of proportion
Authors: Caterina Antonaglia, Mitja Jevnikar, Ervis Agastra, Pietro Geri, Marco Confalonieri, Metka Kodric, Cinzia Longo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: ERS guidelines recommend the use of specific drugs in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Patients with out of proportion PH due to lung diseases should be enrolled in clinical trials targeting PAH-specific drug therapy.  Objective: Aim of our retrospective study is evaluate the effects of treatment of PH associated to lung disease in patients with PH out of proportion on the exercise capacity and hemodynamic parameters.  Methods: Fifteen subjects affected by PH out of proportion secondary to chronic hypoxia and miscellaneous (group III and V) were enrolled in our study. First line specific drug therapy was chosen randomly between bosentan or sildenafil. In some patients association of two or more drugs was performed. Spirometry, functional class assessment and six minute walking test (6MWT) were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Cardiac heart catheterization was performed at baseline and after 12 months.  Results: In our patients there were no changes in NYHA functional class, no statistical difference of distance and dyspnea at 6MWT after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Concerning hemodynamic parameters we observed a decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP m) of 8.900 mmHg (p=0,1289), a decrease of pulmonary resistance (PVR) of 113.50 dyne x sec x cm-5 (p=0,0488) and an increase of cardiac index (CI) of 0.7840 l/min/m2 (p=0,1055).  Conclusions: The improvement of hemodynamic parameters and preservation of clinical status in our patients suggest the efficacy of treatment with specific drugs in PH due to lung disease in patients with PH out of proportion.
κ+λ+ dual receptor B cells are present in the human peripheral repertoire.
Authors: C Giachino, E Padovan, A Lanzavecchia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

It is a common notion that mature B lymphocytes express either kappa or lambda light (L) chains, although the mechanism that leads to such isotypic exclusion is still debated. We have investigated the extent of L chain isotypic exclusion in normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. By three-color staining with anti-CD19, anti-kappa, and anti-lambda antibodies we could estimate that 0.2-0.5% of peripheral blood B cells from healthy adults express both kappa and lambda on the cell surface. The kappa+lambda+ cells were sorted, immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus, and five independent clones were characterized in detail. All clones express both kappa and lambda on the cell surface and produce immunoglobulin M that contain both kappa and lambda chains in the same molecule, i.e., hybrid antibodies. Sequencing of the L chains revealed in three out of five clones evidence for somatic mutations. It is interesting to note that among a panel of single receptor B cell clones we identified two lambda+ clones that carried a productively rearranged kappa, which was inactivated by a stop codon generated by somatic mutation. These findings indicate that dual receptor B lymphocytes can be found among mature antigen-selected B cells and suggest that somatic mutation can contribute to increase the degree of isotypic exclusion by inactivating a passenger, nonselected L chain.
Grading system for inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Authors: S S CROSS
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—Geboes et al described a grading system for inflammation in ulcerative colitis and carried out rigorous assessment of the reproducibility of this system ((2000) Gut 47:404–9.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]). This is a very useful study which fills a void in the histopathology assessment of ulcerative colitis. However, now that this system has been described, its use in clinical practice and clinical trials needs to be considered. Many of the features that Geboes et al have used in their grading system are described as continuous spectra—for example, chronic inflammation assessed from no increase through to marked increase—but are divided into discrete groups (for example, mild, moderate, marked). This means that these features are ordinal categorical variables rather than continuous real numbers—that is, they have a numerically labelled order but the distance between adjacent numbers will not be the same through the whole range and there are no non-integer values.1 The consequences of this are that these grades cannot be used in processes which require continuous variables, such as linear regression.2 The authors already seem to have made this mistake themselves as they give … K Geboes, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Karel.Geboes{at}uz.kuleuven.ac.be [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DHistopathology%26rft.stitle%253DHistopathology%26rft.aulast%253DCross%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D33%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D99%26rft.epage%253D106%26rft.atitle%253DGrading%2Band%2Bscoring%2Bin%2Bhistopathology.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1046%252Fj.1365-2559.1998.00495.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9762541%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00495.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=9762541&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F5%2F737.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000075502800001&link_type=ISI
Phase I Study of the Pi3K&amp;Agr; Inhibitor Byl719, As a Single Agent in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (Ast)
Authors: D. Juric, H. Burris, M. Schuler, J. Schellens, J. Berlin, R. Seggewiß-Bernhardt, M. Gil-Martin, A. Gupta, J. Rodon, J. Tabernero, F. Janku, H.S. Rugo, D. Bootle, C. Quadt, C. Coughlin, D. Demanse, L. Blumenstein, J. Baselga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The assessment of quadriceps muscle strength in patients with COPD: The reliability and difference of adjustable, straight-backed chair and computerized dynamometer results
Authors: Ebru Calik, Heleen Demeyer, Maarten Spruyt, Miek Hornikx, Daniel Langer, Hans Van Remoortel, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The measure of choice for appropriate assessment of muscle strength must be reliable, accurate, sensitive and feasible in terms of time, cost and technical skill of the tester.  Aims and objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the reliability of adjustable, straight-backed chair (CHAIR) and Biodex dynamometer (BD) and to investigate the differences between them for measuring quadriceps muscle strength.  Methods: Forty-one patients with COPD (mean FEV1 66.2±21.4%pred) participated in the study. Patients performed maximal voluntary contraction tests on the CHAIR and BD in a random order with one week interval. The highest values of the BD and CHAIR results were used for the analysis.  Results: The mean peak BD and CHAIR results were 131.8±39.5 Nm and 130.8±42.9 Nm, respectively. The CHAIR results were highly correlated with those of the BD in each visit (r1= 0.87, p  Conclusions: The CHAIR is an alternative assesment tool to BD and allows quick and reliable assessment of quadriceps muscle strength. Validity and reproducibility of the adjustable chair is good.
Functional Anatomy of the Newborn.
Authors: Edmund S. Crelin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The need for accurate information about the anatomy of the newborn infant led to the publication in 1968 of Dr. Crelin's large and detailed atlas, the first of its kind. The present volume is a synopsis of that atlas. Professionals and paraprofessionals who deal with the newborn will find it a highly useful and convenient reference.
Abstract 171: T Cell Mediated Immune Responses Regulate Cardiac Remodeling and Survival in Pressure Overload Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Pilar Alcaide, Tania Nevers, Ane Salvador, Anna Grodecki-Pena, Andrew Knapp, Mark J Aronovitz, Francisco Velazquez, Tanya Kershaw, Navin K Kapur, Robert Blanton, Richard Karas
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Clinical data support that inflammation and the improper regulation of the immune response are intimately associated with Heart Failure (HF), however, the type of immune response involved and whether it regulates cardiac remodeling remains largely unexplored. We hypothesize that T cell mediated immune responses and their recruitment into the heart influence cardiac remodeling and contribute to the pathogenesis of pressure overload induced HF. Methods and Results: Using quantitative flow cytometry we found that T cells infiltrated the heart as Wild-type mice (WT) developed systolic dysfunction and LV hypertrophy in response to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (p&lt;0.01 TAC vs Sham). Real time imaging demonstrated that T cells from TAC mice adhered to activated heart endothelial cells in higher numbers than T cells from Sham mice under physiological flow conditions in vitro (P&lt;0.05) indicating a systemic T cell activation to pressure overload induced by TAC. Similarly, circulating T cells from patients with HF adhered more to activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) than T cells from healthy volunteers. Based on these findings, we performed similar TAC studies in T cell deficient mice (TCRα -/- ). In contrast with WT TAC mice, TCRα -/- had preserved LV systolic and diastolic function (p&lt;0.01) determined by echocardiography and hemodynamic studies, reduced LV fibrosis (p&lt;0.001) and TGFβ1, collagen Iα and αSMA gene expression (p&lt;0.05), and reduced LV hypertrophy and gene expression of ANP and BNP (p&lt;0.05), but unaltered expression of SerCA. Remarkably, TCRα -/- had improved survival after 4 weeks of TAC [100%(16/16) TCRα -/- vs 73.7%(14/19) WT, p=0.023]. Ongoing studies will determine the mechanisms regulating T cell recruitment into the heart, the type of T cell response involved and its contribution to pathological remodeling of the heart. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that T cell immune responses and their recruitment into the LV contribute to the pathogenesis of pressure overload induced HF by mechanisms involving T cell regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and open a window to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the structural, functional and molecular deficits of the failing heart.
First ever report of histologically proven bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after antineoplastic treatment of a malignant pleural mesothelioma with cisplatin and pemetrexed
Authors: Markus Lehmann, Axel Tobias Kempa, Franz Stanzel, Monika Serke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We report a case of a 74 year old patient diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma who developed an interstitial pneumonia following chemotherapy with platinum and pemetrexed.  The patient was treated with 6 courses of chemotherapy. On admission for the sixth course he reported dyspnea on exertion. Blood gas analysis showed mild hypoxemia. Computed tomography of the chest showed patchy opacities in both lungs, some with a ground glass pattern. Six weeks later and after being treated with several antibiotic agents, the respiratory failure and radiological findings had dramatically worsened. We performed a transbronchial lung biopsy. The histopathological examination of the biopsies showed the pattern of bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia. The patient was treated with steroids for several weeks. While radiologic findings clearly improved, the respiratory failure even worsened. The patient remained severely impaired in his quality of life.  Despite up to 20 percent of patients treated with an antineoplastic agent are estimated to have some form of lung toxicity, just one suspected case of interstitial pneumonia after chemotherapy with pemetrexed has been reported. Though, the diagnosis has not been proven histologically [1]. Especially as the antifolate agents gemcitabine and methotrexate are well known to cause lung injury, we think that pemetrexed must be considered as the causing agent of the lung injury in our patient.   Reference:   1Loriot Y, Ferte C, Gomez-Roca C, Moldovan C, Bahleda R, Wislez M, et al. Pemetrexed-induced pneumonitis: a case report. Clin Lung Cancer. 2009 Sep;10(5):364-6.
Interrelationship of the resistive work of breathing (sWOB) and diffusion impairment within different functional groups of patients with COPD
Authors: Richard Kraemer, Jörg Salomon, Magdalen Gürtler, Stefan Minder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rational. Pulmonary ventilation necessitates the resistive work of breathing (sWOB) to overcome resistive forces of the airways. sWOB is plethysmographically measured by the integral of the tidal volume to box-shift-volume ratio. To our knowledge it has never been evaluated in COPD.

Aim. Expressiveness of sWOB in relation to different functional deficites in patients with COPD.

Methods . We evaluated 174 patients (84 males; 90 females; aged 29.4 to 89.4 ys) with COPD (GOLD I to IV). All lung function data have been expressed as gender- age- and height-specific standard deviations scores (SDS) obtained by z-transformation from newest prediction equations, taking also into consideration LLN defined as1.645*SDS. Target parameters of spirometry were FEV1/FVC, FEV1, VCIN, of single breath DLCO TLCHe, FRCHe, RVHe, and those of plethysmography TLC, FRCpleth, RV, the volume of trapped gases (VTG=FRCpleth-FRCHe), sReff, and sWOB.

Results. Aside a strong correlation of sWOB with FEV1/FVC (p=0.015), FEV1 (p< 0.001), and sReff (p< 0.001), sWOB was also best correlated with the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation and amount of trapped gases (p=0.004; p=0.001, resp.). Moreover, associations between sWOB and DLCO and KCO were only found, if VTG were recognized (p< 0.03, resp.). Noteworthy, sWOB increased significantly with decreasing VCIN (p< 0.001), VA (p< 0.001) resp., and hence in consequence decreased in parallel with decreasing DLCO (p< 0.001) and KCO (p=0.001)

Conclusions: The resistive work of breathing is highly associated with several functional derangements in the complex lung physiology of COPD patients.