tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
History of Burns
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fortnightly review: Periodontitis for medical practitioners
Authors: T. L P Watts
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Periodontitis is largely excluded from medical education, but general practitioners may well be consulted by patients who have this condition. Periodontitis is one of the best researched dental diseases; Medline lists 33 000 papers published under the heading Periodontal diseases between 1966 and 1996. However, misconceptions about periodontitis abound (box), some of which are perpetuated by medical correspondents in the national press. A basic understanding of the condition and of evidence based treatment will help general practitioners ensure that patients are not given misleading advice.

#### Summary points

Periodontitis is primarily a disease of the periodontal ligament, not of bone

Bacterial plaque is the main cause of periodontitis

Smoking and diabetes are the principal exacerbating factors

Periodontitis is associated with a complex microbial environment

Success of treatment depends on the control of bacterial plaque; antimicrobial drugs have only an adjunctive role in a full treatment plan

This review is based on 25 years of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching of the subject. Selection of the few references from the huge number available is inevitably biased, and is intended to illustrate certain key points, but the views given are widely held consensus opinions.

On a tooth with healthy gingiva, inflammation caused by developing bacterial plaque occurs within 5-20 days. The junction between the tooth and the jaw (fig 1) is covered by epithelium that has a high turnover1 and is permeable to neutrophils and many molecules. Beneath the epithelium is the organ that may have the body's fastest turnover of collagen—the periodontal ligament. Fibres of the periodontal ligament are anchored in the thin cementum on the tooth root at one end and in alveolar bone or soft gingival connective tissue at the other. The tooth does not have to be anchored in bone for it to be clinically healthy, fully functional, and free from …
Text-Book of Meat Hygiene with Special Consideration of Antemortem and Postmortem Inspection of Food-Producing Animals.
Authors: Richard Heinrich Edelmann
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Career trajectories and black holes
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Over the years, a lot of rubbish has been talked about the trajectory of medical careers in Britain, usually with the motive of drumming up special sympathy, or extra money, for some put upon group or other.

So it’s refreshing to encounter what look like definitive discussions of the topic: a report from the Royal College of Physicians and two studies from the UK Medical Careers Research Group in Oxford. The first study (based on surveys of all doctors working in the NHS who graduated in 1977, 1988, and 1993) found that the key factor determining career progression was working pattern, not female sex. Working part time delayed progression to consultant or GP principal status equally in men and women. Women and men working full time …
A whole genome approach to identifying small molecule - protein interactions
Authors: Igor Ivanov, Stefan Kotschote, Christine Kaufmann, Peter Amon, Frank Becker, Nikolai Kley
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4458   The identification of cellular targets of small molecules is of fundamental importance in elucidating the molecular basis of drug action. We have recently described the development and application of a yeast three-hybrid (Y3H) method for large-scale identification of small molecule-protein interactions (Becker et al. (2004)  Chem.Biol. , 11, pp.211–223). In this system, a small molecule-protein interaction promotes the clonal growth of yeast cells that express a cDNA encoding the interacting target protein. The identity of the protein is then determined by individual amplification of the respective yeast cells, plasmid rescue and cDNA sequencing. Here we describe an alternative, faster, higher throughput and larger-scale approach to the analysis of candidate interactors in Y3H cDNA library screening. This approach leverages whole genome microarray analysis to characterize cDNAs that are significantly enriched in Y3H cDNA library screens with a test compound as compared to a control compound. We used the Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray (Agilent, Palo Alto, USA) containing 41,000 human genes and transripts. We applied this technique to screen cDNA libraries for targets of a number of small molecule kinase inhibitors, including various CDK inhibitors (e.g. purvalanol B, roscovitine and pyrazolopyrimidones (PPs) - for reference, see M. Caligiuri et al. (2005)  Chem.Biol. , 12, pp.1–13), the Raf inhibitor BAY43-9006 and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., IRESSA and PD-173955). Known targets for all these compounds could be identified. The whole genome microarray analysis also indicates that roscovitine and pyrazolopyrimidones have a very limited target spectrum, whereas some of the other kinase inhibitors appeared very promiscuous. Our results suggest that this new approach to Y3H interaction analysis enables a rapid and in-depth proteome scan of candidate targets of organic small molecules.
The role of PPAR-γ in macrophage differentiation and cholesterol uptake
Authors: Kathryn J. Moore, Evan D. Rosen, Michael L. Fitzgerald, Felix Randow, Lorna P. Andersson, David Altshuler, David S. Milstone, Richard M. Mortensen, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Mason W. Freeman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
Molecular screening – A search for potential drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Outi Leppäranta, Maxim Bespalov, Marjukka Myllärniemi, Katri Koli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis and very few therapeutic options. On a molecular level, patients with IPF have increased amounts of BMP inhibitor gremlin in their lungs (BMP, bone morphogenetic protein). Gremlin decreases BMP signalling and, as a consequence, TGF-β signalling is increased (TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta). The balance between BMP and TGF-β signalling activities in the lung is of crucial importance during e.g. regenerative processes. Thus, severe alterations in these signalling activities are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.   Aim:  To use high-throughput chemical screening as an approach to find molecules which could normalize the TGF-β/BMP balance in the fibrotic lung.   Methods:  The screen was performed with a commercial chemical library with ca. 2000 compounds. The set-up is based on two reporter cell lines that contain either a BMP- or a TGF-β-responsive element linked to a luciferase gene. The effect of the chemicals is evaluated by measuring the changes in the expression of the luciferase gene.   Results:  Using this approach we have been able to identify compounds which modulate the BMP/TGF-β signalling balance in the reporter cell lines. One compound was also shown to modulate endogenous BMP/TGF-β signalling activities in lung epithelial cells.   Conclusions & future directions:  Using chemical compound screening it is possible to identify small-molecular weight compounds that enhance BMP signalling in lung epithelial cells. These compounds are potential drugs for the prevention of progression of IPF. Their effects will be evaluated in preclinical  in vivo  studies using a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.
Abstract 15909: The Clinical Factors Affecting the Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Functions After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: 1 Year Echocardiography Follow-Up Study
Authors: In-Soo Kim, Hee-Sun Mun, Jae Sun Uhm, Boyoung Joung, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Hui-Nam Pak
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Loss of atrioventricular synchrony has been known to impair left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) may recover them. Hypothesis: We explored the clinical factors affecting the reverse LV systolic and diastolic functions after RFCA for AF. Methods: We compared pre- and post-1-year RFCA follow-up echocardiography in 521 patients with AF (male 76.2%, 57.1±11.2 years old, paroxysmal AF 68.5%) who underwent RFCA. Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions were estimated by ejection fraction (EF) and the ratio of the early transmitral flow velocity (E) and early mitral annular velocity (Em), respectively. Results: 1. AF ablation significantly reduced left atrium volume index (p<0.001) and improved LVEF (p=0.008 and p<0.001) in both recurred (n=133) and non-recurred patients (n=388). 2. In patients with baseline E/Em<15 (n=454), significant EF improvement was observed (63.2±8.0 to 65.1±...
Abstract 15508: Relationship between Aerobic Fitness and Arterial Stiffness According to Hypertensive State
Authors: Jidong Sung, Soo Jin Cho, Kyong Pyo Hong
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  There has been inconsistent data on the relationship between aerobic fitness and arterial stiffness. Objective of this investigation is to evaluate whether they are significantly associated and whether the relationship differs significantly between hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects.   Methods:  The subjects of the study were adults with no history of clinical cardiovascular diseases and normal exercise test results, who had undergone health screening. Cardiopulmonary function test was done by modified Bruce protocol and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was obtained. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).   Results:  The subjects were 11557 men and women (M:F=76:24 %) with mean age of 52 ± 5 years and had hypertension in 34 %. Maximal oxygen consumption showed inverse correlation with baPWV (r = - 0.21, p    Conclusions:  Among subjects without clinical cardiovascular diseases, better aerobic fitness was associated with less arterial stiffness. Its effect seems to be larger in hypertensive patients than in non-hypertensives.
Testosterone Worsens Endothelial Dysfunction Associated With Hypercholesterolemia and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Male Rabbit Aorta 11All editorial decisions for this article, including selection of referees, were made by a Guest Editor. This policy applies to all articles with authors from the University of California San Francisco.
Authors: Stuart J Hutchison, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Tony M Chou, Richard E Sievers, Bo-Qing Zhu, Yi-Ping Sun, Prakash C Deedwania, Stanton A Glantz, William W Parmley, Kanu Chatterjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Pharmacogenetic and clinicopathological markers of BA-COPD (overlap syndrome)
Authors: Vasiliy Belash, Zhanna Mironova, Vasiliy Trofimov, Anna Ulitina, Mikhail Zaraiski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Treatment of patients with overlap remains a difficult clinical challenge and poorly understood problem.  Objective: To assess the pharmaco-genetic and pathophysiological features of overlap.  Methods: The study involved 67 patients aged 63 ± 10 years: 21 - with bronchial asthma (BA), 21 – with COPD and 25 with Overlap with high severity of symptoms. For genotyping by MDR1 gene (multidrug resistance gene) PCR RLFP method was used.  Results: The Overlap group consisted of equal number of male and female patients, unlike groups of BA (24% and 76%) and COPD (76% and 24%) (χ2=11.554, p=0.009). Patients with Overlap compared to BA and COPD showed a greater degree of sputum  eosinophilia : Me (25% to 75%) = 19.5 (14.5, 28), 16 (15. 18), 14 (9.5; 16.5), respectively (χ2=9.179, p=0.01 ) and  neutrophilia : 47 (32.8, 50), 32 (25, 40), 42 (30; 57.8); (χ2=7.256, p=0.027);  bronchial obstruction  was more severe: FEV1 (%) M±m = 51±19, 77±16, 60±27 (χ2=20.055, p=0.001) and  bronchospasm  was observed in a greater number of patients (ΔFEV1≥12%): in 79%, 80% and 36% cases respectively (χ2=7.189, p=0.027). There were more  smoking  patients in overlap group than in BA and less than in COPD: 54%, 32%, 94%, respectively (χ2=14.709, p=0.001). Patients with overlap received higher doses of  inhaled corticosteroids  than patients with BA and COPD: 1183±562, 1034±683, 998±850 (mkg/d). The occurrence of  CC 3435  MDR1  genotype in overlap syndrome was lower than in BA and COPD (9%, 24%, 14 % respectively).  Conclusions: The Overlap phenotype has differences from BA and COPD on clinical, pathogenetic and genetic markers.
Effect of allogenic bone marrow transplant on cardiac function and pulmonary vascular pressure
Authors: Eid Al Mutairy, Naeem Chaudhri, Mahmoud Al Jurf, Abdullah Al Dalaan, Saud Erwi, Sarfraz Saleemi, Mohammed Khalid
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aims and Objectives:   Pulmonary infections, fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) in post bone marrow transplant (BMT) are frequent, cardiac and pulmonary vascular involvement in post BMT has not been studied well.   Materials and Methods:   Prospective evaluation of ten patients with diagnosis of post BMT/Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) syndrome and BOS. Patient’s echocardiogram were evaluated for cardiac function and pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary function test (PFT) were evaluated for severity of lung disease, standard ATS Criteria.   Results:   All patients had normal cardiac function and normal pulmonary artery pressure prior to BMT. 7/10 (70%) patients developed Lt. ventricular dysfunction. 5/10 (50%) patients developed pulmonary hypertension (PHT).  Cardiac and pulmonary vascular involvement was independent of severity of lung disease on PFT.   Discussion:   Our study shows significant cardiac dysfunction with PHT in post BMT patients. It could be related to pre transplant induction therapy or part of GVHD, this aspect should be considered in patients evaluation and management.   Conclusion:   Left ventricular dysfunction and PHT is a significant problem in post BMT patients. Its causes and potential management needs further evaluation.
ICU management of severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Stephen E. Lapinsky, Laura Hawryluck
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a contagious viral illness first recognized in late 2002. It has now been documented in 26 countries worldwide, with significant outbreaks in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Toronto. Research into identifying the etiological agent, evaluating modes of disease transmission, and treatment options is currently ongoing.The disease can produce a severe bilateral pneumonia, with progressive hypoxemia. Up to 20% of patients require mechanical ventilatory support, with a fatal outcome occurring in about 5% of cases.We review the current knowledge about this disease, with particular emphasis on ICU management and infection control precautions to prevent disease transmission.
Multiple Microalterations Detected at High Frequency in Oral Cancer
Authors: Corisande Baldwin, Cathie Garnis, Lewei Zhang, Miriam P. Rosin, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The development of array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) at tiling-path resolution has enabled the detection of gene-sized segmental DNA copy number gains and losses. Here, we present the first application of whole genome tiling-path array CGH to archival clinical specimens for the detailed analysis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We describe the genomes of 20 OSCCs as well as a selection of matched normal DNA in unprecedented detail. Examination of their whole genome profiles enabled the identification of alterations ranging in size from whole-arm, segmental, to gene size alterations. Tiling-path resolution enabled the detection of many more alterations within each tumor than previously reported, many of which include narrow alterations found to be frequent events among the 20 OSCCs. We report the presence of several novel frequent submegabase alterations, such as the 0.58 Mb gain at 5p15.2 containing triple functional domain (TRIO), detected in 45% of cases. We also report the first coamplification of two gene clusters, by fine-mapping the precise base pair boundaries of the high-level amplification at 11q22.2-22.3 containing both matrix metalloproteinase and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC) gene clusters. These results show the large improvement in detection sensitivity and resolution compared with genome interval marker arrays and the utility of tiling resolution array CGH for the detection of both submegabase and single copy gains and losses in cancer gene discovery.
Pathological gambling and platelet MAO activity: a psychobiological study
Authors: C Blanco, L Orensanz-Muñoz, C Blanco-Jerez, J Saiz-Ruiz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors studied platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and psychological characteristics of male pathological gamblers.Twenty-seven male pathological gamblers were compared with a group of healthy individuals who were matched by age, sex, and tobacco consumption. Measures included platelet MAO activity and scores on the MMPI and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale.Platelet MAO activity and scores on several MMPI scales for the two groups were significantly different, but measures of sensation seeking were not. No correlations of biological significance were found between platelet MAO activity and psychological ratings.Low platelet MAO activity may be a biological predisposition for impulsivity in pathological gamblers. Although no psychological pattern is characteristic of pathological gamblers, they differ from healthy individuals in some personality traits. No significant relationship could be established between platelet MAO activity and psychological measures.
Science, medicine, and the future: Islet and stem cell transplantation for treating diabetes
Authors: P. Serup
Journal: BMJ (2001)

By 2010 the number of people with diabetes is expected to exceed 350 million. Late diabetic complications will cause considerable morbidity in 5-10% of these patients and place an enormous burden on society. Transplantation of insulin producing islet cells isolated in vitro from a donor pancreas could be a cure for type 1 and some cases of type 2 diabetes. Currently, however, lack of sufficient donor organs and the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy limit its potential. Ways to overcome these problems include deriving islet cells from other sources such as pigs, human pancreatic duct cells, fetal pancreatic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and by therapeutic cloning. This article outlines these developments and discusses how islet cell transplantation is likely to become the treatment of choice for most insulin dependent diabetics within the next five to 10 years.

Our article is based on information from the following core references: the international islet transplant registry; recently published articles describing improvements in islet cell transplantation, reporting treatment of diabetes in animal models with islet cells grown in vitro, and describing novel molecular mechanisms in pancreatic endocrine development (including our own recent work); papers in embryonic and adult stem cell research that have had a major influence on our thinking; and the seminal work from the Roslin Institute and other groups on nuclear transfer.

In many cases current diabetes drug therapies do not provide sufficiently tight control of blood glucose to avoid diabetic late complications. 1 2 Transplantation of whole donor pancreas is an effective form of treatment but is of limited application since it entails major surgery and long term immunosuppression. This failure to prevent the morbidity associated with diabetes places an enormous burden not only on patients and their relatives but also on society. The costs of treating late diabetic complications …
Usefulness of simulated cases for assessing pandemic influenza preparedness plans
Authors: N. Cardeñosa, A. Domínguez, J. Carratalà, J.I. Ricarte, J.M. Jansà, J. Arnau, N. Camps, M. Chanovas, A. Mas, A. Trilla
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)