tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic signature in COPD. Plasma and lung tissue comparison identify sphingolipids as potential biomakers
Authors: Victor Pinto-Plata, Miguel Divo, Caroline Owen, Francesca Polverino, Maria Laucho, Bartolome Celi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Plasma metabolic profiling of several aminoacids was reported in COPD patients and controls of the ECLIPSE cohort. However, a more comprehensive metabolomic profile and a comparative lung tissue analysis are lacking.   Methods:  We studied plasma metabolomic signature in a cohort of 60 COPD patients ( survivors and non survivors,follow up over 4 years) and 30 controls and compared to lung tissue metabolomic signature of 18 COPD patients (LVRS)and 12 controls (mild or no COPD). Lung function, exercise capacity and BODE index parameters were measured. Plasma/Lung metabolomics were studied using Liquid and Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectometry (LC/MS, LC/MS 2 , GC/MS).   Results: Clinical parameters were worst in COPD non survivor group  . Plasma (87) and lung (73) metabolites were differentially expressed in COPD patients compared to controls. Palmitoyl sphingomyelin was identified as the most plausible analyte to be associated to lung parenchyma destruction and elevation in plasma level in COPD patients.  Other metabolites (8) deserve further attention.   Conclusion: Metabolomic analysis is an unbiased tool to identify important pathways associated to COPD pathogenesis.
Pain and depression in patients with newly diagnosed pancreas cancer.
Authors: D P Kelsen, R K Portenoy, H T Thaler, D Niedzwiecki, S D Passik, Y Tao, W Banks, M F Brennan, K M Foley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To evaluate the prevalence of pain and depression, their correlation, and their effect on quality of life in patients with recently diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PC).Cross-sectional pain and psychosocial distress were assessed using validated instruments, including the Memorial Pain Assessment Card (MPAC), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC). Patients were evaluated before their first operation for PC or first treatment with chemotherapy at a large tertiary-care cancer center.One hundred thirty patients with proven PC were studied: 83 before their operation and 47 before their first chemotherapy treatment. At the time of study entrance, 37% of patients had no pain and an additional 34% had pain that was mild or less severe. Only 29% of patients had moderate, strong, or severe pain. Chemotherapy patients reported significantly more intense pain than did preoperative patients (P = .02). Symptoms of depression were assessed using the BDI and BHS scales. A substantial minority of patients (38%) had BDI scores > or = 15, which suggests high levels of depressive symptoms. There was a significant correlation between increasing pain and depressive symptoms among those who experienced pain. Quality of life was assessed using the Weekly Activity Checklist (WAC) and the FLIC. Compared with patients who had no pain or mild pain, patients with moderate or greater pain had significantly impaired functional activity (P = .03) and poorer quality-of-life scores (P = .02) when compared with those with lesser degrees of pain. There were significant correlations between increasing pain and depression and between pain and depressive symptoms and impaired quality of life and function.Our results indicate that moderate or severe pain and symptoms of depression are not as prevalent in recently diagnosed PC patients as is generally believed. However, one third have inadequate pain control despite the use of oral analgesics. These patients can be identified by the use of a simple self-report instrument (the MPAC card). Quality of life and function are adversely affected by moderate or greater levels of perceived pain intensity. A simple and rapid assessment is possible and can identify high-risk patients in need of intervention that may improve quality of life.
Alternating MOPP and ABVD chemotherapy plus mantle-field radiation therapy in patients with massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: D L Longo, E Glatstein, P L Duffey, R C Young, D C Ihde, A W Bastian, W H Wilson, R E Wittes, E S Jaffe, S M Hubbard, V T DeVita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP)/doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy plus mantle-field radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease of any stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients presented with Hodgkin's disease and a mediastinal mass greater than one third the greatest chest diameter on chest radiograph. Patients were staged and treated with MOPP alternated with ABVD chemotherapy for a total of six cycles. Patients then received 10 Gy mantle-field radiation therapy delivered to the original extent of disease followed by 25 to 35 Gy to the residual abnormalities. RESULTS The complete response (CR) rate was 89%. With a median follow-up duration of 10 years, disease-free survival of the complete responders is 78% at 15 years and overall survival is 75% at 15 years. For patients with stage I or II disease, disease-free survival was 76% at 15 years and overall survival was 79%; for those with stage III or IV disease, disease-free survival was 82% at 15 years and overall survival was 64%. Age, stage, sex, B symptoms, number of extranodal sites, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count did not influence treatment outcome. Treatment-related pneumonitis was noted in 16% of patients (fatal in one), mainly in those older than age 35 years who received total doses of radiation therapy greater than 42 Gy. Fertility is more often preserved with MOPP/ABVD therapy than with MOPP chemotherapy and there appears to be less pulmonary and cardiac disease than with ABVD chemotherapy. Two patients have developed second solid tumors within radiation ports and one relapsed patient developed acute leukemia after MOPP salvage therapy. CONCLUSION MOPP/ABVD followed by mantle-field radiation therapy is an effective treatment for all stages of Hodgkin's disease that present with a large mediastinal mass. Our data suggest that the large mediastinal mass is a more dominant determinant of prognosis than Ann Arbor stage or other clinical prognostic factors.
Can Outpatient Non-Attendance Be Predicted from the Referral Letter? An Audit of Default at Neurology Clinics
Authors: William Dickey, James I Morrow
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Data obtained from new patient referral letters to regional and peripheral neurology clinics were studied prospectively over a 6-month period in an attempt to determine factors predicting non-attendance. Attendance at peripheral clinics was significantly better, confirming their value. At regional clinics, factors associated with non-attendance were male sex, patient age less than 50 years, urban home address, referral from Accident and Emergency Departments, symptom duration less than 12 months, and wait for appointment more than 2 months. Of these, referral source and waiting time were identified as factors which could be modified, confirming that this analysis of referral letters was a useful exercise.
Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Majorcan hospitals: high prevalence of the epidemic clone EMRSA-15
Authors: E. Alcoceba, A. Mena, M. Cruz Perez, E. Ruiz de Gopegui, E. Padilla, J. Gil, A. Ramírez, C. Gallegos, A. Serra, J.L. Pérez, A. Oliver
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2007)
Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women
Authors: Diego Moretti, Jeroen S. Goede, Christophe Zeder, Markus Jiskra, Vaiya Chatzinakou, Harold Tjalsma, Alida Melse-Boonstra, Gary Brittenham, Dorine W. Swinkels, Michael B. Zimmermann
Journal: Blood (2015)
Complications and diagnostic outcome of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: King Ying Wong, Lai Yun Ng, Hoi Nam Tse, Wilson K.S. Yee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: EBUS guided TBNA enables tissue sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes with sensitivity and specificity comparable to mediastinoscopy in nodal staging of lung cancer. It is generally safe but not without complications.  Objectives: We studied the complications and diagnostic outcome of EBUS-TBNA performed under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation using intravenous midazolam and pethidine in the endoscopy suites.  Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive EBUS examinations performed over 28 months since July 2008. Pathology and clinical follow-up data till end of 2010 were reviewed.  Results: Totally 110 EBUS -TBNA were performed in the study period.  Complications occurred in 21 (19%) patients. Difficulty in conscious sedation accounted for the majority (12 patients, 11%) including oversedation requiring antidotes (2), failed sedation (2) and one struggling patient leading to probe damage. Other complications included moderate bleeding of 15cc blood loss (2), bronchospasm (2), fever (1), pneumonia (1), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (1). No long term adverse effect was found after EBUS-TBNA.  Among 80 patients referred for nodal staging of lung cancer, 131 lymph nodes were sampled, resulting in 53 true positives, 20 true negatives, 7 nondiagnostic TBNA. The sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA for diagnosing metastatic lymph node disease was 88.3% and the specificity was 100%. The diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA was 68% in 30 patients with inflammatory diseases including tuberculosis.  Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA is a safe procedure with reasonable diagnostic value and its complications were mostly associated with conscious sedation.
Startle reflex abnormalities in women with sexual assault-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: C A Morgan, C Grillon, H Lubin, S M Southwick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This investigation was designed to assess the acoustic startle response in treatment-seeking women with sexual assault-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Thirteen patients with sexual assault-related PTSD and 16 healthy female comparison subjects were recruited for participation in the study. Each patient met the full criteria for PTSD according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. All subjects in the study were right-handed. The acoustic stimuli were bursts of white noise (92 dB and 102 dB) with a nearly instantaneous onset delivered binaurally through headphones.The magnitude of the startle response (eye blink) to the first stimulus was asymmetrically distributed in the PTSD patients but not in the comparison subjects: it was greater for the left eye than the right eye in the PTSD patients only. There was a differential asymmetry of startle response in the two subgroups of patients (recent PTSD and long-standing PTSD): the startle reflex was larger for the left eye than the right in the subgroup with recent PTSD but not in the group with long-standing PTSD.This study provides the first objective evidence of startle abnormalities in women with PTSD. The significantly greater startle responses for the left eye compared with the right in the PTSD subjects suggest a laterality effect. As suggested by the preclinical model of shock sensitization, it is possible that in a subgroup of individuals with PTSD, trauma may sensitize the startle reflex. This model may hold true in humans and is supported by the findings of greater startle response in the patients with recent-onset PTSD.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms following forensic dental identification: Mt. Carmel, Waco, Texas
Authors: J E McCarroll, C S Fullerton, R J Ursano, J M Hermsen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study was conducted to determine risk factors for posttraumatic stress in medical care professionals who perform postmortem identifications.Thirty-one dentists (29 men and two women) who had identified the dead from the fire at the Branch Davidian compound in April 1993 were compared to 47 dentists (45 men and two women) who lived in the area but had not identified any of these remains. Posttraumatic symptoms in both groups were measured by using the Impact of Event Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory. For the remains handlers only, the subjective distress of handling remains and the social support received during the procedure were reported.Higher scores on the Impact of Event Scale intrusion subscale, the overall Impact of Event Scale, and the obsessive-compulsive subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory were found for the remains handlers than for the comparison group. Within the remains handler group, distress was significantly related to the hours of exposure to the remains, prior experience handling remains, age, and the support received from spouses and co-workers during the identifications.Posttraumatic stress symptoms can be expected in some health professionals who perform postmortem identifications. Prior experience and social support may mitigate some of these responses.
Late-breaking abstract: A novel model of IgE-mediated passive pulmonary anaphylaxis in rats
Authors: Eva Wex, Eva Thaler, Sylvia Blum, David Lamb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Mast cells are central effector cells in asthma and are augmented in the airways of asthma patients. Attenuating mast cell degranulation is an important intervention point to inhibit bronchoconstriction, airway oedema and inflammation.   Aim : To develop a novel model of pulmonary anaphylaxis in rats.   Methods : Rats were passively sensitized by i.t. and i.d. (ear) with an anti-DNP IgE antibody. DNP-BSA in Evans blue dye, was applied i.v. 24 hours later. Quantification of mast cell degranulation in the ear and lung was determined by (1) extravasation of Evans blue in bronchial and ear tissue, (2) changes in airway resistance, and (3) release of mediators into the airways.   Results : Histamine was transiently present in the airways that coincided with bronchoconstriction, but preceded vascular leakage. The model was pharmacologically validated with the mast cell stabilizer cromoglycate (CG), the H1 receptor antagonist Desloratadine, the β2-adrenergic agonist Formoterol, the corticosteroid Prednisolone and the SYK inhibitor Fostamatinib. CG attenuated both vascular leakage and bronchoconstriction, but with a very short duration of action. Desloratadine effectively inhibited bronchoconstriction and ear vascular leakage, but was less effective against pulmonary vascular leakage. Inhaled Formoterol was more effective in the lung than in the ear and oral Fostamatinib was equally efficacious in lung and ear. Prednisolone did not inhibit responses in the ear or lung.   Conclusions : This model of passive pulmonary anaphylaxis provides a tissue relevant readout of early mast cell activity and pharmacological benchmarking reflects responses observed in asthmatic patients.
Detection of Enthesitis in Children With Enthesitis‐Related Arthritis: Dolorimetry Compared to Ultrasonography
Authors: Pamela F. Weiss, Nancy A. Chauvin, Andrew J. Klink, Russell Localio, Chris Feudtner, Diego Jaramillo, Robert A. Colbert, David D. Sherry, Ron Keren
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

To evaluate the distribution of enthesitis and the accuracy of physical examination with a dolorimeter for the detection of enthesitis in children, using ultrasound (US) assessment as the reference standard.We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 30 patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and 30 control subjects. The following tendon insertion sites were assessed by standardized physical examination with a dolorimeter and US: common extensor on the lateral humeral epicondyle, common flexor on the medial humeral epicondyle, quadriceps at the superior patella, patellar ligament at the inferior patella, Achilles, and plantar fascia at the calcaneus.Abnormal findings on US were detected most commonly at the insertion of the quadriceps (30% [18 of 60 sites]), common extensor (12% [7 of 60]), and Achilles (10% [6 of 60]) tendons. The intrarater reliability of US (kappa statistic) was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.63-0.93), and the interrater reliability was 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.95). Tenderness as detected by standardized dolorimeter examination had poor positive predictive value for US-confirmed enthesitis. In comparison to controls, patients with ERA reported more pain and had lower pain thresholds at every site, including control sites (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The interrater reliability of dolorimeter examination for detection of enthesitis was low (κ = 0.49 [95% CI 0.33-0.65]).Compared to US, standardized dolorimeter examination for the detection of enthesitis in children has poor accuracy and reliability. The decreased pain threshold of ERA patients likely contributed to the limited accuracy of the physical examination findings. Further research regarding the utility of US for identifying enthesitis at diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, accurately predicting disease progression, and guiding therapeutic decisions is warranted.
Abstract 774: EGFR-regulated RGS expression contributes to paclitaxel resistance in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Shin-Hyung Park, Myung-A Sung, Ho-Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide, and the 5-year survival of lung cancer is less than 20%. Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat a variety of cancers, but its therapeutic efficacy tends to be limited due to the development of drug resistance, raising the need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying paclitaxel resistance. In the current study, we investigated the mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). First, we established paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC cell lines, including H460 TxR and SK-MES TxR, by pulse- or prolonged treatment of paclitaxel. The IC50 value of paclitaxel-resistant cell lines was 50 fold less than that of parental cells. Upon paclitaxel treatment, H460 TxR and SK-MES TxR sublines experienced markedly greater anchorage-dependent and -independent colony forming abilities with reduced apoptosis than did the parental cell lines. Next, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of acquired resistance against paclitaxel. Through microarray analysis, we found 19 genes commonly-increased both in H460 TxR and SK-MES TxR. Among them, the expression of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) gene increased the most. Knockdown of RGS gene expression by siRNA sensitized the paclitaxel-resistant cells to the drug treatment in vitro. Furthermore, H460 TxR xenograft mice showed a significant decrease in tumor growth after combined treatment with siRGS and paclitaxel, implying the association of RGS with paclitaxel resistance in NSCLC. To identify the mechanisms involved in increase in RGS expression, we assessed the phosphorylation level of several kinases involved in cell proliferation and survival. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) showed the most significant phosphorylation. EGFR inhibition by erlotinib down-regulated RGS expression in a transcriptional level, leading to the enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel in H460 TxR. Taken together, our results indicate that RGS overexpression is a mediator of paclitaxel resistance in NSCLCs and represent the first link between RGS and chemoresistance. We suggest that RGS might be a potential target of therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients with paclitaxel resistance. Citation Format: Shin-Hyung Park, Myung-A Sung, Ho-Young Lee. EGFR-regulated RGS expression contributes to paclitaxel resistance in human lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 774. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-774
Mepacrine pigmentation in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: I.M. LEIGH, C.T.C. KENNEDY, J.D. RAMSEY, W.J. HENDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Mepacrine pigmentation in systemic lupus erythematosus: NEW DATA FROM AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION Get access I.M. LEIGH, I.M. LEIGH Departments of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London SW1X 7EZ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.T.C. KENNEDY, C.T.C. KENNEDY Departments of Dermatology, St George's Hospital, London SW1X 7EZ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. RAMSEY, J.D. RAMSEY Departments of Toxicology, St George's Hospital, London SW1X 7EZ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. HENDERSON W.J. HENDERSON Tenovus Institute for Cancer Research, Welsh National School of Medicine, The Heath, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 101, Issue 2, 1 August 1979, Pages 147–153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05599.x Published: 01 August 1979
Abnormalities of Cerebral Structure in Schizophrenia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Interpretation in Relation to the Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis
Authors: E O'Callaghan, P Buckley, O Redmond, J Stack, J T Ennis, C Larkin, J L Waddington
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

The nature of abnormalities of cerebral structure evident in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging is considered in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of the disorder. While schizophrenic patients showed increased ventricular volume, the extent of increase with age was comparable with that evident in controls and was unrelated to duration of illness. Conversely, cortical atrophy was evident only in patients, and this increased markedly with age and duration of illness. Such findings could be suggestive of two distinct pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia, but a schema for their reconciliation with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is elaborated.