tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Levamisole in aphthous stomatitis: evaluation of three regimens.
Authors: J D Meyer, M Degraeve, J Clarysse, F De Loose, W Peremans
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One hundred and twenty-four patients who had had recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) for two to 53 years took part in three studies to assess the effectiveness of levamisole and determine an adequate regimen. In study 1 and the first half of study 2 both of which were double-blind, levamisole 150 mg/day (or placebo) was given on three consecutive days in every fortnight. In the second two months of study 2 and in the open trial (study 3) three-day courses were given only when an episode of RAS occurred. The drug was well tolerated. The signs and symptoms of RAS improved gradually and significantly in those treated with levamisole but not in those on placebo, and intergroup differences were also significantly in favour of the active drug. Improvement occurred earlier in study 3 than in the other two studies. Hence levamisole may prevent new episodes of RAS.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS ON THE SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON OF LEUKOPENIA PRODUCED BY NITROGEN MUSTARD AND BY WHOLE BODY IRRADIATION
Authors: Douglas E. Johnstone, Joe W. Howland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The effect of leukopenia on the susceptibility of rabbits to the localized Shwartzman reaction was studied in those receiving whole body irradiation and nitrogen mustard respectively. Of animals receiving nitrogen mustard in which the total polymorphonuclear leukocyte count was less than 100 cells/c.mm. only 17 per cent developed positive local Shwartzman reactions whereas 75 per cent of irradiated animals with total polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts less than 100 cells/c.mm. had positive reactions. A local Shwartzman reaction occurred in 60 of 71 control rabbits (85 per cent). Animals of both the treated groups showed positive Shwartzman reactions at a time when their total polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were less than 500 cells/c.mm. From the findings, it is concluded (a) that the presence of normal numbers of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not an obligatory prerequisite condition to the localized hemorrhagic necrosis of the Shwartzman phenomenon, and (b) the mechanisms of action of nitrogen mustard and whole body irradiation on body tissues differ in relation to the Shwartzman reaction.
UK campaign encourages consumers to ask organisations for scientific evidence
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Scientists, doctors, and celebrities are supporting a campaign led by the science education charity Sense About Science to encourage consumers and patients to question organisations and companies about the scientific evidence for claims they make about procedures and products.

The aim of the “Ask for evidence” campaign is to get more members of the public asking advertisers, companies, government bodies, and other organisations to set out the evidence they have for claims they make.

“The public are bombarded with scientific and medical information: on advertising material, product websites, advice columns, campaign statements, celebrity health fads, and policy announcements,” the charity says. “Even where there is some regulation, …
Conjoined twins separated after long legal battle
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A 20 hour operation to separate the conjoined twins Jodie and Mary at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester ended at 5 am on 7 November with Jodie, the stronger twin, surviving but her sister Mary dead. The operation, carried out by a team of 20 doctors and nurses, followed a three month legal battle watched by the world to decide their fate after their birth at the hospital in August to parents from the Mediterranean island of Gozo.

The twins' parents, whose identities were protected by an injunction, had opposed the operation, wanting nature to take its course. Without an …
Simplified exercise test for the initial differential diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV antibody positive patients.
Authors: J Sauleda, J Gea, X Aran, M C Aguar, M Orozco-Levi, J M Broquetas
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified exercise test in the differential diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). METHODS--Forty five subjects with antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pneumonia were included and divided into two groups: those with PCP and those with "other pneumonias" (non-PCP). The test involved pedalling for two minutes on a stretcher bed and was considered positive if SaO2 decreased by at least 3%. RESULTS--During the exercise the mean(SE) SaO2 fell in patients with PCP from 88(4)% to 84(3)%, p &lt; 0.01, whilst it improved slightly in subjects with non-PCP from 91(1)% to 93(3)%, p &lt; 0.05. Sensitivity was 77% and specificity 91%. CONCLUSIONS--This simple test seems potentially useful for the initial investigation of HIV antibody positive patients with pneumonia.
Aminocaproic acid and menstrual loss in women using intrauterine devices.
Authors: J M Kasonde, J Bonnar
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A controlled study of the effect of aminocaproic acid 3 g six-hourly taken by mouth during menstruation was carried out on 56 women for eight months from the time of insertion of a Lippes D intrauterine device (IUD). Thirty-five women presenting with menorrhagia in association with an IUD were also treated during three out of six consecutive menses. A highly significant reduction in menstrual loss was observed during treatment in both groups.
Development of an injectable, in situ crosslinkable, degradable polymeric carrier for osteogenic cell populations. Part 2. Viability of encapsulated marrow stromal osteoblasts cultured on crosslinking poly(propylene fumarate)
Authors: Richard G. Payne, Joseph S. McGonigle, Michael J. Yaszemski, Alan W. Yasko, Antonios G. Mikos
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
The Structure of Interrupted Human AC Microsatellites
Authors: R. M. Sibly
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Microsatellite lengths change over evolutionary time through a process of replication slippage. A recently proposed model of this process holds that the expansionary tendencies of slippage mutation are balanced by point mutations breaking longer microsatellites into smaller units and that this process gives rise to the observed frequency distributions of uninterrupted microsatellite lengths. We refer to this as the slippage/point-mutation theory. Here we derive the theory's predictions for interrupted microsatellites comprising regions of perfect repeats, labeled segments, separated by dinucleotide interruptions containing point mutations. These predictions are tested by reference to the frequency distributions of segments of AC microsatellite in the human genome, and several predictions are shown not to be supported by the data, as follows. The estimated slippage rates are relatively low for the first four repeats, and then rise initially linearly with length, in accordance with previous work. However, contrary to expectation and the experimental evidence, the inferred slippage rates decline in segments above 10 repeats. Point mutation rates are also found to be higher within microsatellites than elsewhere. The theory provides an excellent fit to the frequency distribution of peripheral segment lengths but fails to explain why internal segments are shorter. Furthermore, there are fewer microsatellites with many segments than predicted. The frequencies of interrupted microsatellites decline geometrically with microsatellite size measured in number of segments, so that for each additional segment, the number of microsatellites is 33.6% less. Overall we conclude that the detailed structure of interrupted microsatellites cannot be reconciled with the existing slippage/point-mutation theory of microsatellite evolution, and we suggest that microsatellites are stabilized by processes acting on interior rather than on peripheral segments.
Abstract LB-112: Increase in glutaminase (GLS1) levels through SLUG-induced repression of hsa-miR-23a in triple negative breast cancer cells.
Authors: Mukul K. Mittal, Gautam Chaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aggressive breast cancers of the triple negative type (TNBC) are often characterized by their high rate of proliferation and dissemination to other organs. One hallmark of this type of cancer cells is their adaptation to rely upon an altered metabolic scheme that includes changes in the glycolytic pathway, known as the Warburg effect, and elevated glutamine metabolism. Glutamine is taken up in a high rate by the proliferating cells and metabolized to provide a major source of energy and nitrogen for biosynthesis of nucleic acids. It is also used as a carbon substrate for anabolic processes in the cancer cells but the regulation of glutamine metabolism in the TNBC cells is not studied in details. Glutamine metabolism is thus implicated as a viable target for anticancer chemotherapy. Here we report that the transcriptional repressor protein SLUG, which is highly expressed in the most of the subtypes of the TNBC cells, indirectly up regulates the level of the glutaminase GLS1 through the repression of hsa-miR-23a gene. Knockdown of SLUG in the SLUG-high TNBC cells increases the hsa-miR-23a levels with subsequent decrease in the GLS1 levels. SLUG binds to the E2-box sequences at the hsa-miR-23a gene promoter and heterochromatinizes the promoter DNA through chromatin remodeling. A specific double-stranded DNA decoy against SLUG also alleviates the SLUG repression of the hsa-miR-23a gene promoter and thus decreases the glutaminase levels in the TNBC cells inhibiting the tumor cell growth. We postulate that maintenance of normal levels of GLS1 in the TNBC cells through the inhibition of the functions of SLUG will control aggressiveness and multiplication of breast tumors. Supported in parts by the DOD-CDMRP grants BC050641, BC086542 and BC103645 to GC. Citation Format: Mukul K. Mittal, Gautam Chaudhuri. Increase in glutaminase (GLS1) levels through SLUG-induced repression of hsa-miR-23a in triple negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-112
The Effect of ACTH in Trichinosis
Authors: Michael A. Luongo, David H. Reid, Woodrow W. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN SOME areas, New England among them, trichinosis remains the most common parasitic disease of serious consequence.1 A review of the cases occurring in Massachusetts in the ten-year period 1936–1945 reveals 287 cases, including 7 deaths.2 Trichinosis, as is well known, is produced by Trichinella spiralis, a small round worm that enters the body after the ingestion of pork or pork products containing encysted viable larvae. The cysts are digested and the larvae liberated. These develop into adult worms in the duodenum. After copulation the females invade the mucosa of the duodenum and deposit their eggs. The larvae that . . .
Macrophage-induced glomerular fibrin deposition in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rabbit.
Authors: S R Holdsworth, P G Tipping
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Glomerular fibrin deposition is important in the pathogenesis of renal failure and crescent formation in glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms of glomerular fibrin deposition are unknown. The current studies explored the role of macrophages in this process. Methods were developed for measuring glomerular fibrin deposition and glomerular procoagulant activity in a passive model of the autologous phase of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis in rabbits. Significant fibrin deposition was observed to be associated with glomerular macrophage accumulation. Leukocyte ablation with mustine hydrochloride prevented both glomerular macrophage accumulation and fibrin deposition without affecting the coagulation system or the deposition of disease-inducing antibodies and complement. Repletion with mononuclear inflammatory cells produced significant fibrin deposition. To examine the role of tissue injury per se in glomerular fibrin deposition, a macrophage-independent model of glomerular injury (heterologous phase glomerulonephritis) was also studied. Although a similar degree of glomerular injury occurred, there was no significant fibrin deposition. This suggests that macrophages, rather than injury alone, are responsible for fibrin deposition. Lysates of isolated glomeruli containing macrophages demonstrated greatly enhanced procoagulant activity compared with lysates of glomeruli without macrophages. Thus macrophages appear to be directly responsible for glomerular fibrin deposition in antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis, and this appears to be due to their ability to express procoagulant activity rather than their propensity to cause glomerular injury.
Calcium Homeostasis: Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
Authors: S Ralston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A detailed and comprehensive account of the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management of hypercalcaemic and hypocalcaemic states is provided by this book.Although the book is clinically based, there is a strong emphasis on the basic aspects of bone cell activity and calcium homeostasis also.
INCREASED ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INFLAMMATION AND NEOVASCULARIZATION IN PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISTIC ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE I RECEPTOR, INTERLEUKIN-6, AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA IN DIABETIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Purushothaman K-Raman, Prakash Krishnan, Fernando Ruiz, Meerarani Purushothaman, Jose Wiley, Yelena Zubatov, Annapoorna S. Kini, Samin K. Sharma, John T. Fallon, Valentin Fuster, Pedro R. Moreno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions
Authors: Peter S. Thorne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

A scientific conference and workshop was held March 2004 in Iowa City, Iowa, that brought together environmental scientists from North America and Europe to address major environmental health issues associated with concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in large, industrialized livestock production facilities. After one and a half days of plenary sessions, five expert workgroups convened to consider the most relevant research areas, including respiratory health effects, modeling and monitoring of air toxics, water quality issues, influenza pandemics and antibiotic resistance, and community health and socioeconomic issues. The workgroup reports that follow outline the state of the science and public health concerns relating to livestock production as they apply to each workgroup topic. The reports also identify areas in which further research is needed and suggest opportunities to translate science to policy initiatives that would effect improvements in public and environmental health. Viable solutions to some of the current environmental health problems associated with CAFOs are outlined. In addition, these reports bring to light several major concerns, including air and water contamination, the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in livestock, and the specter of influenza outbreaks arising from siting industrialized poultry and swine production in proximity to each other and to humans.
Pharmacy Benefits and the Use of Drugs by the Chronically Ill
Authors: Dana P. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextMany health plans have instituted more cost sharing to discourage use of more expensive pharmaceuticals and to reduce drug spending.ObjectiveTo determine how changes in cost sharing affect use of the most commonly used drug classes among the privately insured and the chronically ill.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective US study conducted from 1997 to 2000, examining linked pharmacy claims data with health plan benefit designs from 30 employers and 52 health plans. Participants were 528 969 privately insured beneficiaries aged 18 to 64 years and enrolled from 1 to 4 years (960 791 person-years).Main Outcome MeasureRelative change in drug days supplied (per member, per year) when co-payments doubled in a prototypical drug benefit plan.ResultsDoubling co-payments was associated with reductions in use of 8 therapeutic classes. The largest decreases occurred for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (45%) and antihistamines (44%). Reductions in overall days supplied of antihyperlipidemics (34%), antiulcerants (33%), antiasthmatics (32%), antihypertensives (26%), antidepressants (26%), and antidiabetics (25%) were also observed. Among patients diagnosed as having a chronic illness and receiving ongoing care, use was less responsive to co-payment changes. Use of antidepressants by depressed patients declined by 8%; use of antihypertensives by hypertensive patients decreased by 10%. Larger reductions were observed for arthritis patients taking NSAIDs (27%) and allergy patients taking antihistamines (31%). Patients with diabetes reduced their use of antidiabetes drugs by 23%.ConclusionsThe use of medications such as antihistamines and NSAIDs, which are taken intermittently to treat symptoms, was sensitive to co-payment changes. Other medications—antihypertensive, antiasthmatic, antidepressant, antihyperlipidemic, antiulcerant, and antidiabetic agents—also demonstrated significant price responsiveness. The reduction in use of medications for individuals in ongoing care was more modest. Still, significant increases in co-payments raise concern about adverse health consequences because of the large price effects, especially among diabetic patients.
FAT1 expression and mutations in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: M Neumann, M Seehawer, C Schlee, S Vosberg, S Heesch, E K von der Heide, A Graf, S Krebs, H Blum, N Gökbuget, S Schwartz, D Hoelzer, P A Greif, C D Baldus
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

The cadherin gene FAT1, located on chromosome 4q34-35 (ref. 1) within a region frequently deleted in human cancers,2 encodes a large protein with 34 extracellular cadherin repeats.3 In solid tumors, aberrant expression of FAT1 was found to be associated with disease progression.4 Although the gene was originally cloned from a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line,4 FAT1 just recently gained interest owing to its altered gene expression levels and the detection of somatic mutations identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in acute leukemia.2, 5, 6, 7 FAT1 was shown to be aberrantly expressed in pediatric patients with acute leukemia, whereas hematopoietic progenitors from healthy donors lacked FAT1 expression.5, 8 In addition, a recent report correlated high FAT1 expression with a higher probability of relapse in a small cohort of pediatric patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) based on an in silico analysis comprising two BCP-ALL data sets including 32 and 27 patients.5
Intravenous regional anaesthesia for treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: B. Vollert, H-J. Blaheta, E. Moehrle, M. Juenger, G. Rassner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Intravenous regional anaesthesia for treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin type A Get access B. Vollert, B. Vollert Departments of Dermatology and Anaesthesiology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyE‐mail: barbara.vollert@uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H‐J. Blaheta, H‐J. Blaheta Departments of Dermatology and Anaesthesiology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyE‐mail: barbara.vollert@uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Moehrle, E. Moehrle Departments of Dermatology and Anaesthesiology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyE‐mail: barbara.vollert@uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Juenger, M. Juenger Departments of Dermatology and Anaesthesiology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyE‐mail: barbara.vollert@uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Rassner G. Rassner Departments of Dermatology and Anaesthesiology, University of Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyE‐mail: barbara.vollert@uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 632–633, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04104.x Published: 01 March 2001
Do housemen take an adequate drinking history?
Authors: M. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-The study in your last issue by Dr I G Barrison and others (18 October, p 1040) incorporated two false premises: (a) that "heavy drinkers" are likely to reveal them- selves during "routine history taking"; and (b) that a heavy drinking habit is a necessary or sufficient condition for the diagnosis of an alcoholic.
BMJ's press release inaccurate.
Authors: D Southall
Journal: BMJ (1993)

doing, it is relatively well paid (just compare your pay cheque with that of a non-clinical scientist).And what about when the children grow up?If she has the choice she should not give up the right to individuality, which is the right to be seen by society as a person in her own right and not simply as someone's mother or wife.I think that many of the writer's problems are philosophical in that she has realised her powerlessness in the face of disease and poverty.But she must not allow the fact that she is only one in six billion to depress her: it is the human condition.Nor should she sink into cynicism.There is a job to be done, and she can work to the good of society, in addition to earning a good salary.My message is: remember, women have struggled for centuries to have lives of their own and to be defined in terms of their own achieve- ments, not someone else's.Go and see your postgraduate dean, and anyone else you can think of, for some career advice.