tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient characteristics associated with high-risk methotrexate concentrations and toxicity.
Authors: M V Relling, D Fairclough, D Ayers, W R Crom, J H Rodman, C H Pui, W E Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Following high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) treatment, delayed MTX elimination is an important problem because it necessitates increased leucovorin rescue and additional hospitalization for hydration and urinary alkalinization. Our purpose was to identify factors associated with high-risk MTX plasma concentrations (defined by plasma concentration &gt; or = 1.0 mumol/L at 42 hours from the start of MTX) and with toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Variables associated with MTX concentrations and toxicity were assessed in 134 children treated with one to five courses of HD-MTX (900 to 3,700 mg/m2 intravenously [i.v.] over 24 hours for a total of 481 courses) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). RESULTS High-risk MTX concentrations, toxicity (usually mild mucositis), and delay in resuming continuation chemotherapy occurred in 106 (22%), 123 (26%), and 66 (14%) of 481 courses, respectively. Using a mixed effects model for repeated measures, high-risk MTX concentrations were significantly associated with a higher MTX area-under-the-concentration-time curve (AUC), low urine pH, emesis, low MTX clearance, low urine output relative to intake, use of antiemetics during the MTX infusion, and concurrent intrathecal therapy (all p values &lt; .01). Clinical toxicities and delay in resumption of continuation chemotherapy due to myelosuppression were more common in those with high 42-hour MTX concentrations, despite increased leucovorin rescue for all patients with high-risk MTX concentrations. However, with individualized rescue, no patient developed life-threatening toxicity. A more aggressive hydration and alkalinization regimen for subsequent courses reduced the frequency of high-risk MTX concentrations to 7% of courses (13 of 183) (P = .0001), and the frequency of toxicity decreased to 11% of courses (P = .0074). CONCLUSION This study identified several clinical variables that influence MTX disposition that, when modified, can reduce the frequency of high-risk MTX concentrations and toxicity.
The Utility of Routine Chest Radiography in the Initial Evaluation of Adult Patients With Febrile Neutropenia Patients Undergoing HSCT
Authors: Deborah S. Yolin-Raley, Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack, Heidi B. Niell, Robert J. Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Edwin P. Alyea, Brett E. Glotzbecker
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The routine use of chest radiographs (CXRs) in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic patients with febrile neutropenia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is controversial.The goal of this study was to document the incidence of pneumonia demonstrated on CXR during an initial febrile neutropenic episode in adult patients undergoing HSCT.Clinical records of 1083 adult patients undergoing autologous (n=766), allogeneic (n=269), or umbilical cord blood HSCT (n=48) between October 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. CXRs obtained at the initial febrile neutropenic episode were evaluated for radiologic features of pneumonia. The presence of clinical symptoms, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates were assessed.A total of 817 (75%) febrile neutropenic episodes were noted. Of the patients with neutropenic fevers, 455 (55%) had CXRs. Of the 76 patients with respiratory symptoms at the time of CXR, 24 (31.6%) had findings suggestive of pneumonia. None of the 379 CXRs performed in the absence of symptoms revealed an infectious process (P=.0001). Moreover, the mean LOS was 23.8 days for patients receiving a CXR compared with 22.2 days (P=.04) in patients without a CXR. Additionally, in patients who had CXRs, 15.7% were readmitted within 30 days compared with 7.4% in those without CXRs (P=.0004).Indiscriminate routine CXR at the time of first neutropenic fever in asymptomatic adults undergoing HSCT is unlikely to reveal an infectious process or change clinical practice, and may be associated with increased LOS and readmission rates.
Geochemical factors and incidence of sarcoidosis in Tomsk region
Authors: Olga Denisova, Georgy Chernogoryuk, Ksenia Egorova, Natalia Baranovskaya, Leonid Rikhvanov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Methods: Sarcoidosis incidence has been studied according over a 20-year period (528 patients without unhealthy working conditions). The incidence rate has been determined per 100000 of populations and compared to the geochemical data: 2126 measurements of 23 chemical elements (Na, Ca, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Br, Rb, Ag, Sb, Au, La, Th, U, Hf, Se, Hg, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, and Lu) were made by the neutron activation analysis in the dust-aerosol, soil and drinking water in Tomsk and Tomsk region. Sarcoidosis highest incidence was found on the territories exposed to anthropogenic factors: in Seversk 67.3 (nuclear fuel industries), Octyabrsky district of Tomsk 56.8, Tomsk rural district 68.14, Strezhevoy 47.2 (fuel and oil industries). In these districts the incidence rate was significantly higher compared to the mean findings in region - 42.6 (χ ² = 7.94-11.6; p
The Treatment of Overuse Syndrome in Musicians. Results in 175 Patients
Authors: H J H Fry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Overuse syndrome, a condition of pain and loss of function in muscle groups and ligaments through excessive use, is common in musicians. In this series, the less serious cases of the disorder have been successfully treated by a modification of physical activity while allowing the musician to continue to play. The more serious cases were treated by a radical rest programme, first described last century, usually up to 12 months, until the patient is pain free and the muscles and ligaments are no longer tender. Performance is then very gradually resumed. The criterion for total success is a return to music performance free of pain with sustainable practice habits.
Respiratory complaints and functions in barn workers
Authors: Banu Cakiroglu, Ege Gulec Balbay, Peri Arbak, Oner Balbay, Fatma Avcioglu, Abdullah Belada
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the respiratory complaints and functional impairments in workers included in family plants with few cattle.

MATERIALS-METHODS: One hundred fifty workers (128 female) accepted were included between October, 2011 and January, 2012. Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases Questionnaire of Turkish Thoracic Society, pulmonary function tests, physical examinations and eosinophil counts in nasal drainage were performed on all subjects.

RESULTS: The mean age was 47.7±14.2 years. Smoking rate was 12% (18/150). The declaration rate for both feeding cattle and gardening was 90.7% (136/150). Almost half of the subjects (73/150) noted that they were exposed to dust and fumes in barns. More than 80% of the subjects used wood, coal, hazelnut shell and gas for heating and cooking. was present in of subjects. Cough, phlegm, wheezing, chest tightness and dyspnea were 24%, 13.3%, 6%, 6% and 27.3%, respectively. The mean percentages of predicted FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and maximal midexpiratory rate were 78.2±24.1, 74.5±24.4, 80.7±12.8 and 60.9±26.6, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between the duration of working in barns and FVC (r=-0.281, p=0.001), FEV1 (r=-0.217, p=0.008), MMFR (r=-0.168, p=0.040). Nasal eosinophils were detected in 47.3% (71/150). Heating houses had an independent effect on cough (F=3.156, p=0.048) and working years in barn had an independent effect on phlegm (F=2.034, p=0.003). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any effect.

CONCLUSION: Increased impairments in pulmonary functions by years were detected. It is necessary to improve both working place and house ventilation and to prevent the workers respiratory system.
MOPP/EBV/CAD hybrid chemotherapy with or without limited radiotherapy in advanced or unfavorably presenting Hodgkin's disease: a report from the Italian Lymphoma Study Group.
Authors: P G Gobbi, C Pieresca, M Federico, N Di Renzo, F Narni, E Iannitto, G Grignani, L Cavanna, P Avanzini, G Partesotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE We explored the feasibility, toxicity, and preliminary results of a chemotherapy (CT) regimen, mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP)/epidoxirubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (EBV)/lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin, and vindesine (CAD), derived through hybridization, shortening, and intensification of a corresponding 10-drug alternating combination CAD/MOPP/doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (ABV), effective in treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Hybridization involved all drugs except CCNU and mechlorethamine, which were administered in alternating cycles; the length of therapy was reduced from nine to six cycles. The average projected drug doses during the six cycles were increased by 42%, with an overall 1.54 dose-intensification; epidoxorubicin was substituted for doxorubicin at equivalent tumoricidal doses. Radiotherapy (RT) was optional and its indications were limited. RESULTS Eighty assessable patients with previously untreated, advanced or unfavorably presenting HD were treated in nine cooperating institutions between 1988 and 1991. RT was delivered to 22 patients. Remissions were complete (CR) in 75 patients (93%), partial in three (4%), and null in two (3%). The median relative dose-intensity was 0.71 for the overall regimen. Three of five patients who failed to achieve CR, and two of the four who relapsed, received lower relative dose-intensive cycles. Nonhematologic toxicity was acceptable, but there was considerable hematologic toxicity. Fatal gastrointestinal bleeding was seen in one patient. CONCLUSION Caution is advised due to the short median follow-up period. Nevertheless, in addition to the excellent response rate, (1) the results were reached through abbreviation, intensification, and hybridization of an existing alternating regimen; (2) RT had limited use in this program, which may have contributed to lowering the risk of second tumors; and (3) the results were obtained in a multicenter study (a condition that often impairs results from clinical trials).
Lung function effects and safety of fluticasone furoate (FF)/vilanterol (VI) in patients with COPD: Mid-high dose assessment
Authors: Fernando Martinez, Joseph Boscia, Gregory Feldman, Catherine Scott-Wilson, Sally Kilbride, Leonardi Fabbri, Peter M.A. Calverley, Courtney Crim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale: FF/VI is a novel once-daily (OD) inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2 agonist in development as combination therapy for COPD.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FF/VI (200/25 and 100/25) vs placebo (PBO), FF (200 and 100mcg) and VI (25mcg), given OD via novel dry powder inhaler in moderate-severe COPD patients for 168 days.

Methods: A multicentre, randomised, PBO-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study (N=1224 (ITT)). Co-primary endpoints: weighted mean (wm) FEV1 0–4h (Day 168) to assess the contribution of VI, and trough FEV1 (Day 169) to assess the contribution of FF and 24h duration of VI. Additional endpoints included CRQ-SAS dyspnoea, and safety.

Results: Co-primary endpoints, see Figure. Treatment differences from PBO for dyspnoea scores were -0.12, -0.01, 0.07, 0.24 and 0.10 for FF 100, 200, VI 25, FF/VI 100/25, 200/25, respectively. On-treatment AEs were similar between active treatment groups (38–47%) and PBO (47%). No treatment effects on 24h urinary cortisol, laboratory values, or cardiac monitoring parameters were seen.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Addition of VI to FF produced a clinically significant improvement in wmFEV1 (0-4h). Addition of FF to VI provided numerical improvements only in trough FEV1. FF/VI at both strengths was superior to PBO for both primary endpoints. All treatments were well tolerated.

Funded by GSK (HZC112207; [NCT01054885][2]).

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01054885&atom=%2Ferj%2F40%2FSuppl_56%2FP2887.atom
Calcium Metabolism during Rifampicin and Isoniazid Therapy for Tuberculosis
Authors: W Perry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Calcium metabolism was studied in 83 patients during eighteen months' rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis by measurements including calcium, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC). Five out of 52 Indian patients in the series were found to have osteomalacia, a prevalence probably no higher than in the Asian population in the UK at large. Moreover, osteomalacia responded to physiological supplementation with vitamin D. One European out of 31 had osteomalacia due to low vitamin D intake. Serum calcium was compared in 17 patients before and after six months of antituberculous chemotherapy but no significant difference was detected (P greater than 0.1). Two Indian patients were in positive calcium balance with low to normal plasma 25-HCC levels, indicating that an effect on 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D activity during therapy was unlikely. It is concluded that rifampicin when combined with isoniazid has no significant effect on calcium metabolism over an eighteen-month treatment period.
Molecular evolution of bacteriophages: evidence of selection against the recognition sites of host restriction enzymes.
Authors: P M Sharp
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

Restriction enzymes produced by bacteria serve as a defense against invading bacteriophages, and so phages without other protection would be expected to undergo selection to eliminate recognition sites for these enzymes from their genomes. The observed frequencies of all restriction sites in the genomes of all completely sequenced DNA phages (T7, lambda, phi X174, G4, M13, f1, fd, and IKe) have been compared to expected frequencies derived from trinucleotide frequencies. Attention was focused on 6-base palindromes since they comprise the typical recognition sites for type II restriction enzymes. All of these coliphages, with the exception of lambda and G4, exhibit significant avoidance of the particular sequences that are enterobacterial restriction sites. As expected, the sequenced fraction of the genome of phi 29, a Bacillus subtilis phage, lacks Bacillus restriction sites. By contrast, the RNA phage MS2, several viruses that infect eukaryotes (EBV, adenovirus, papilloma, and SV40), and three mitochondrial genomes (human, mouse, and cow) were found not to lack restriction sites. Because the particular palindromes avoided correspond closely with the recognition sites for host enzymes and because other viruses and small genomes do not show this avoidance, it is concluded that the effect indeed results from natural selection.
Effect of prior statin therapy on capillary permeability in the lungs after cardiac or vascular surgery
Authors: E. P. van de Visse, M. van der Heijden, J. Verheij, G. P. van Nieuw Amerongen, V. W. M. van Hinsbergh, A. R. J. Girbes, A. B. J. Groeneveld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Cholesterol-lowering statins can ameliorate severe forms of vascular hyperpermeability in experimental studies, and may thereby ameliorate acute lung injury and sepsis. It is unknown whether this also applies to humans. This study aimed to define whether or not prior statin therapy reduces mild post-operative increases in pulmonary capillary protein permeability associated with acute lung injury after cardiac or major vascular surgery. A prospective observational study was performed in an intensive care unit of a university hospital on 64 patients, 37 after elective cardiac and 27 after major vascular surgery, of whom 68 and 44%, respectively, had received prior statin therapy. A mobile probe system was used to measure the pulmonary leak index (PLI), i.e. the transvascular transport rate of gallium-67-radiolabelled transferrin. For all of the patients together, the mean PLI did not differ between the statin and control groups (22.9 versus 24.4×10 −3 min −1 ). The prevalence of an elevated PLI was 57% in the statin and 59% in the control group. Subgroup analysis did not reveal significant differences caused by statins in the PLI of these patients. Prior statin therapy neither has an adverse effect on mildly increased pulmonary capillary permeability in patients after cardiac or major vascular surgery nor does it ameliorate this increased capillary permeability.
Cardiac angiosarcoma revealed by lung metastases
Authors: JF Bic, O Fade-Schneller, B Marie, JL Neimann, D Anthoine, Y Martinet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare tumour with very poor prognosis especially in patients with metastatic disease. We present the case of a 43 year old patient with angiosarcoma revealed by open lung biopsy for multiple pulmonary metastases. Cardiac symptoms were limited to a moderate pericarditis and no echocardiographic sign of heart tumour was observed. The clinical outcome was rapidly fatal despite chemotherapy. The cardiac primary tumour was diagnosed at autopsy. We emphasize the difficulties of diagnosing cardiac angiosarcoma and confirm the limited value of echocardiography for this diagnosis.
Are all beta-lactams similarly effective in the treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia?
Authors: M. Paul, N. Zemer-Wassercug, O. Talker, Y. Lishtzinsky, B. Lev, Z. Samra, L. Leibovici, J. Bishara
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Response of Hepatic Enzyme Activities to Castration and Sarcoma 37 Growth in Different Mouse Genotypes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: George L. Wolff, Henry C. Pitot
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The influences of strain genome, agouti locus genotype, castration, and subcutaneous growth of Sarcoma 37 cells on catalytic capacities of the liver with respect to several enzymes were investigated in strains YS and VY male mice at 14 weeks of age. In the VY strain, citrate cleavage enzyme, malic enzyme, serine dehydratase, and tyrosine α-ketoglutarate transaminase capacities were higher than in the YS strain. Among VY animals, yellow mice had greater glucokinase, malic enzyme, and citrate cleavage enzyme capacities than their black sibs. In the YS strain, however, only the catalytic capacity of malic enzyme was greater in yellow mice than in their black sibs. Castration altered the hormonal balance on a long-term basis; tumor cell growth changed it on a short-term basis. No uniform associations of changes in plasma corticosterone or serum insulin levels with changes in catalytic capacity of hexokinase, glucokinase, citrate cleavage enzyme, malic enzyme, serine dehydratase, tyrosine a-ketoglutarate transaminase, or ornithine transaminase were observed.
A comparison of four staging systems for localized and regional neuroblastoma: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
Authors: A E Evans, G J D'Angio, H N Sather, A A de Lorimier, A Dalton, R S Ungerleider, J Z Finklestein, G D Hammond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Four major staging systems have been used to estimate the prognosis for children with local and regional neuroblastoma (NBL). Data obtained at diagnosis for 251 neuroblastoma patients from two Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) studies were analyzed according to staging systems of the CCSG, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG), and the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) system. The most significant variables were found to be age, tumor stage, extent of tumor removal, transgression of the midline by tumor infiltration, and site of primary tumor. Involvement of lymph nodes per se was not a bad prognostic sign unless associated with extension beyond the midline, the latter being the single most important prognostic variable. All four staging systems had value for prognostication and all identified with accuracy the low stage patient (stage I, stage A) who fares well (greater than or equal to 87% survival). The CCSG definition of stages II and III disease discriminated prognostic groups best among the remaining patients, and was able to identify the child with local-regional NBL with poor survival. The estimated 5-year survival rates for children with regional tumor (stage III, IIIA[N]), according to the four systems were 44%, 74%, 74%, and 74% for the CCSG, St Jude, POG, and UICC methods, respectively. We conclude that all four staging systems effectively define good-prognosis patients with localized disease but that the CCSG staging system most accurately identifies patients with regional tumor who have a poor outcome.
Acquisition of different carbapenem resistance mechanisms by an epidemic clonal lineage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: E. Edalucci, R. Spinelli, L. Dolzani, M. Letizia Riccio, V. Dubois, E. Angelo Tonin, G.M. Rossolini, C. Lagatolla
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2007)
A new treatment protocol for childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary evaluation.
Authors: M L de Andrea, B de Camargo, R Melaragno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Between November 1986 and July 1988, 21 consecutively diagnosed children with nonlocalized abdominal lymphoma (Murphy's stage III and IV without CNS disease) were eligible for treatment with a multidrug chemotherapy schedule. The induction phase was the same for all (fractionated cyclophosphamide, intermedian-dose methotrexate [Mtx], vincristine [Vcr], and prednisone). After that the children were randomized to repeat the same scheme or intercalate teniposide (VM26) plus cytarabine (AraC) with the induction-phase scheme. All of them were treated for only 6 months. The protocol approved to be very effective with 85% remission in all the children and 94% survival in patients surviving the induction phase. The toxicity was acceptable, also considering the characteristics of our population (malnourished children). The group VM26 and AraC had few hospital admissions in spite of the small number of children because they received VM26 and AraC as outpatients. The sale purpose of the present study is to report that with a few simple procedures such as hydration, alkalinization, and drug fractionation, the chemotherapy schemes used can bring about a dramatic improvement in short-term survival.
Comparative Cytopathologic Alterations Induced by Alkylnitrosamines in Nasal Epithelium of the Syrian Hamster&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Melvin Greenblatt, Koshilya Rijhsinghani
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), administered parenterally into the Syrian golden hamster, produced olfactory epithelial necrosis in concentrations greater than 10 mg/kg within 48 hours. The severity of the necrosis was dose related. Both compounds were equally effective in producing olfactory epithelial necrosis when compared on the basis of mg of compound administered per kg of body weight. However, from their LD50 levels, DEN was a far more “effective” nasal toxin. Alterations in the olfactory epithelium produced by DMN were always paralleled by necrotizing central lobular changes in the liver. DEN-dosed animals had pronounced olfactory epithelial alterations with little or no hepatic changes. Both compounds exhibited remarkable selective toxicity for the olfactory epithelium, especially the sensory cells. The cytopathologic alterations appeared identical, regardless of the compound used. Respiratory type epithelium of the nasal cavity and Jacobson's organ were relatively resistant to the acute cytopathologic effect of these compounds.
Effect of Inocula of Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene-Treated Sarcoma Cells on Growth of Primary Tumors in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. G. Hall, D. J. Glover
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)