tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired liver regeneration in mice lacking glycine N-methyltransferase
Authors: Marta Varela‐Rey, David Fernández‐Ramos, Nuria Martínez‐López, Nieves Embade, Laura Gómez‐Santos, Naiara Beraza, Mercedes Vázquez‐Chantada, Juan Rodríguez, Zigmund Luka, Conrad Wagner, Shelly C. Lu, M. Luz Martínez‐Chantar, José M. Mato
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is maintained constant by the action of methionine adenosyltransferase I/III (MATI/III), which converts methionine into SAMe and glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), which eliminates excess SAMe to avoid aberrant methylation reactions. During liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) MATI/III activity is inhibited leading to a decrease in SAMe. This injury-related reduction in SAMe promotes hepatocyte proliferation because SAMe inhibits hepatocyte DNA synthesis. In MATI/III-deficient mice, hepatic SAMe is reduced, resulting in uncontrolled hepatocyte growth and impaired liver regeneration. These observations suggest that a reduction in SAMe is crucial for successful liver regeneration. In support of this hypothesis we report that liver regeneration is impaired in GNMT knockout (GNMT-KO) mice. Liver SAMe is 50-fold higher in GNMT-KO mice than in control animals and is maintained constant following PH. Mortality after PH was higher in GNMT-KO mice than in control animals. In GNMT-KO mice, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclin D1, cyclin A, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were activated at baseline. PH in GNMT-KO mice was followed by the inactivation of STAT3 phosphorylation and iNOS expression. NFkappaB, cyclin D1 and cyclin A were not further activated after PH. The LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascade was inhibited, and cytoplasmic HuR translocation was blocked despite preserved induction of DNA synthesis in GNMT-KO after PH. Furthermore, a previously unexpected relationship between AMPK phosphorylation and NFkappaB activation was uncovered.These results indicate that multiple signaling pathways are impaired during the liver regenerative response in GNMT-KO mice, suggesting that GNMT plays a critical role during liver regeneration, promoting hepatocyte viability and normal proliferation.
Health of nations: lessons from Victoria, Australia.
Authors: J W Powles, S Gifford
Journal: BMJ (1993)

In its white paper The Health of the Nation the government has announced its intention to give more priority to preventive health care. Two examples from Victoria, Australia, show how coordinated legislative and voluntary sector action can have a substantial impact on public behaviour. The introduction and enforcement of strict drink-driving laws and speed limits backed up by forceful television advertisements produced a large reduction in deaths from road traffic accidents, the death rate in relation to the number of vehicles in 1991 being among the lowest in the world. Smoking has also declined in parallel with a phased ban on advertising and use of taxes from tobacco sales to replace tobacco sponsorship of sports and arts and fund health promotion.
Decinormal, not Normal, Salt Solution in General Use.
Authors: C. S. Minnich
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Palmer, Neb., June 4, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent issue ofThe Journalthe writer noticed the question as to how much salt to put in a quart of water to make the normal solution extemporaneously. The answer given was to take a small teaspoonful to the pint. This answer is, of course, correct for the purpose intended. However, it makes the decinormal, and not the normal, solution. A normal solution is almost exactly two ounces (avoirdupois) of common salt (NaCl) in a quart of water. A normal solution contains as many grams of the drug per liter of menstruum as there are units in the molecular weight of the drug taken for univalent substances or substances combining with one atom of hydrogen. For instance: 23 (the combining weight of Na) added to 35.4 (the combining weight of Cl) equals 58.4, the number of grams for a liter
Cancer patients should have access to device to treat fluid retention at home, says NICE
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patients with cancer who have recurrent malignant ascites should have the option of treating themselves at home, says new guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

The institute’s Medical Technology Advisory Committee says that the PleurX peritoneal catheter drainage system should be used for patients who need vacuum assisted drainage for recurrent malignant ascites and whose treatment for cancer is unlikely to resolve the problem. The guidance applies to England.

This is the …
Bone marrow necrosis after treatment with sulphasalazine.
Authors: J E Van de Pette, D T Cunnah, T M Shallcross
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Bone marrow necrosis after treatment with sulphasalazineWe describe a patient in whom extensive necrosis of the bone marrow occurred while taking sulphasalazine.Unlike most cases of extensive bone marrow necrosis he made a full recovery. Case historyA 22 year old Jamaican man diagnosed as suffering from ulcerative proctitis was prescribed sulphasalazine 1 g thrice daily and prednisolone enemas.His blood count at the time was normal.Three weeks later he presented to his family practitioner complaining of headache, sore throat, and facial swelling; amoxycillin was prescribed.His condition continued to deteriorate and a generalised rash developed.He was admitted to hospital five days later.Examination showed facial swelling, generalised tender lymphadenopathy, an exfoliative dermatitis, and a tender, enlarged liver.Haemoglobin concentration was 12-6 g/dl, white cell count 12-6 X 109/1, and platelet count 224 x 109/1.The differential white cell count showed only 12% neutrophils and 88% lymphocytes, some of which were atypical.
Improved Methods for Thyroid Scanning A Correlation With Surgical Findings
Authors: Michael N. Maisey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To determine how often thyroid scanning correctly predicts the diagnosis of thyroid abnormalities, 59 patients who had thyroid surgery were examined with the scintillation camera shortly before operation. To improve the intrinsic resolution of the system, the thyroid gland was magnified two to three times normal size by using a pinhole collimator. With the higher-quality images, multinodular thyroids were correctly detected in 65% of the patients. Twenty-five were interpreted as solitary nodules; two were thought to be normal glands; one was diagnosed as diffuse hyperplasia. In only 39 (22%) of the patients with multinodular goiter were the nodules palpable. The remainder were diagnosed clinically as solitary nodules. Of 26 solitary nodules, 20 were seen in the images. When solitary nodules were not visible in the images, they were either small (&lt;0.5 cm in diameter) or in the isthmus.
alpha-Methyldopa and depression: a clinical study and review of the literature
Authors: G W DeMuth, S H Ackerman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

A review of the literature showed that a high incidence or prevalence of depression in patients being treated with alpha-methyldopa has never been documented. In their study of hypertensive patients in a general medical clinic the authors found that symptoms of depression were no more common in 42 patients treated with alpha-methyldopa than in 38 patients treated with other antihypertensive agents. As with other centrally active agents, alpha-methyldopa appears able to produce many different behavioral symptoms, including mood changes, in predisposed individuals. Because alpha-methyldopa is a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor but does not consistently affect mood or induce depression, its effects do not support a catecholamine hypothesis of depression.
Nutrition Groups Help the Public Make Sense of Diet Messages
Authors: A. Aubertin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Nutrition Groups Help the Public Make Sense of Diet Messages Get access Amy Aubertin Amy Aubertin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 21, 7 November 1990, Page 1673, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.21.1673 Published: 07 November 1990
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Under the heading "Controversy in Pediatrics," a recent issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>presents two essays and an editorial on the subject of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), sometimes called minimal brain damage, in children. Haller and Axelrod (129:1319-1323, 1975), at the outset of their essay, seem to hew to the line of a report promulgated by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to the effect that MBD "... encompasses children with normal intelligence [and] with deviation of functions of the central nervous system and with learning and behavioral disabilities." Obviously that definition is so broad as to make the uninitiated wary of its usefulness. This thought is substantiated when Haller and Axelrod note that MBD cannot be defined by a single aberration alone since it is constituted of a number of variants. As their essay continues, the authors seem further to beg the question. In contrast, Schmitt
THE RATE OF RELEASE OF LEUKOCYTE PYROGEN FROM RABBIT BLOOD INCUBATED WITH ENDOTOXIN
Authors: P. A. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The time course of leukocyte pyrogen liberation from whole rabbit blood incubated at 37 degrees C with various concentrations of proteus endotoxin was studied. The kinetics of the process provide further evidence for the view that leukocyte pyrogen is an independent entity. It was shown that complete liberation of all available leukocyte pyrogen from blood is too slow a process to account for the fevers seen when rabbits are injected with endotoxin. However, very small quantities of leukocyte pyrogen were demonstrated after short periods of incubation which are adequate to account for endotoxin fevers. It was also found that small, but definite, quantities of leukocyte pyrogen are liberated from rabbit blood incubated without endotoxin.
POSTINFLUENZAL HERPES ZOSTER
Authors: Lester Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The case here recorded presents a number of interesting points, in particular the after-effects of the recent influenza epidemic. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. W. D. W., aged 63, American born, a widow, seen, March 2, 1922, presented a marked vesicular eruption along the entire course of the eleventh dorsal nerve, beginning in the median line of the back and extending under the breast to the midclavicular line. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was unquestionable. The patient had been in perfect health during her entire life. There had been one pregnancy. In March, 1919, she suffered a slight attack of influenza, which kept her in bed for three days. Her symptoms were mild and of the respiratory type. After getting up, she could not go through her daily routine as before, and she felt tired. Occasionally, she experienced vague pains, which her physician attributed to a gastro-intestinal toxemia, although there were
Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on rabbit proximal convoluted tubule transport.
Authors: R Quigley, M Baum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

This in vitro microperfusion study examined the effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) transport. Tubules were perfused with an ultrafiltrate-like solution and bathed in a serum-like albumin solution. Neither a physiologic (5 x 10(-10) M), nor a pharmacologic (5 x 10(-8) M) dose of growth hormone had an effect on PCT phosphate or bicarbonate transport, or volume absorption. Addition of 5 x 10(-9) M and 5 x 10(-8) M IGF-I, but not 5 x 10(-10) M IGF-I, to the bathing solution resulted in an increase (12-15%) in phosphate transport, but no change in volume absorption or bicarbonate transport. Addition of IGF-I to the luminal perfusate also stimulated phosphate transport. The effect was noted at a concentration of 5 x 10(-11) M IGF-I (27% stimulation) and was maximal at a concentration of 5 x 10(-10) M IGF-I (46% stimulation). There was no effect of luminal IGF-I on volume absorption or bicarbonate transport. These data indicate that growth hormone has no direct effect on PCT transport. In the PCT, IGF-I stimulates phosphate transport specifically and acts via both basolateral and apical membranes. However, the magnitude of the maximal response to the luminal addition of IGF-I was threefold greater than that measured upon addition of the hormone to the bath, and the stimulation occurred at a 100-fold lower concentration. These data are consistent with IGF-I mediating the in vivo stimulation of phosphate transport by growth hormone.
THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ACUTELY INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA 12
Authors: O. Prec, R. Rosenman, K. Braun, S. Rodbard, L. N. Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Under the conditions of relatively constant body temperature which exist in warm blooded animals including man, the physiological variations occurring in circulatory functions such as blood pressure, cardiac output, and circulatory rate are small.This relative constancy has led to the de- velopment of the concept of circulatory homeo- stasis.In recent years there has been a growing appreciation that the warm blooded animal may survive at greatly reduced body temperature dur- ing which marked circulatory changes may occur.The interdependence of the several cardiovascular functions has indicated the need for a correlation of the circulatory adjustments which occur dur- ing such progressive hypothermia.Only in this manner would it be possible to interpret the sig- nificance of the changes and their respective roles in the integration of the animal under the stress imposed by the hypothermia.Such studies may also have value in the development of rational therapy for individuals who have undergone prolonged exposure to cold. METHODFifteen heparinized dogs were anesthetized with intra- venously administered sodium pentobarbital.Three ani- mals were used as controls and 12 were cooled.Nine of these latter were maintained in a lighter and three in a deeper plane of anesthesia.The results were compared with those of six other dogs, in a parallel study (1), subjected to hyperthermia.Respiratory rate and oxygen consumption were re- corded with a basal metabolism apparatus attached to a tracheal cannula.Kymographic tracings of arterial blood pressure were obtained from the femoral artery
Monoclonal antibody C242-Pseudomonas exotoxin A. A specific and potent immunotoxin with antitumor activity on a human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice.
Authors: W Debinski, B Karlsson, L Lindholm, C B Siegall, M C Willingham, D FitzGerald, I Pastan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Two immunotoxins were constructed by chemically coupling the monoclonal antibody C242 to Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) or a modified form, NlysPE40, that lacks the cell binding domain of PE. Monoclonal antibody C242 recognizes a specific sialylated carbohydrate epitope on a high molecular weight membrane glycoprotein present on cells of human colon, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. C242-PE and C242-NlysPE40 were very cytotoxic for cells expressing this antigen with 50% inhibition of protein synthesis occurring on Colo205 cells at 0.2 ng/ml (0.9 pM) for C242-PE and 6.0 ng/ml (31 pM) for C242-NlysPE40. The two immunotoxins also exhibited a strong antitumor effect on a human colon cancer xenograft grown in nude mice. The specificity and potency of these two C242 immunotoxins warrant their further development for the treatment of cancer.
Feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone by physiological increases in plasma corticosteroids in conscious dogs.
Authors: M E Keller-Wood, J Shinsako, M F Dallman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have tested the effect of physiological increases in plasma corticosteroids in conscious dogs on the levels of basal and hypoglycemia-stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 2 h later. Increases in plasma corticosteroids, produced by infusion of alpha-1-24 ACTH or corticosteroids for 40 min, suppressed basal and stimulated ACTH levels. The magnitude of inhibition produced by an increase in plasma corticosteroids induced by the infusion of ACTH was equivalent to the inhibition produced by the same increase in plasma corticosteroids induced by corticosteroid infusion. The infusions did not affect basal plasma glucose concentrations or the decrease in plasma glucose concentrations after administration of 0.1 U insulin/kg. Basal ACTH concentration was less sensitive than hypoglycemia-stimulated ACTH concentration to corticosteroid-induced suppression. Basal and stimulated secretion were significantly inhibited in all dogs after approximately half-maximal increases in plasma corticosteroids; maximum inhibition occurred after maximal increases in plasma corticosteroids. Therefore, physiological increments in plasma corticosteroids, similar to those produced by acute stress, are effective suppressors of subsequent stress-induced ACTH secretion.
Selective Referral and the "A" Doctor
Authors: M. E. M. Herford
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICoUNALfor this reason the inhabitants of Putney and Roehampton will appreciate being able to walk to Queen Mary's, Roehampton, as could ray wife, and myself when I visited her.Dr. Michael Rogers (29 April, p. 314) can have little knowledge of good N.H.S. obstetric
Dissection of the B10.D2 anti-H-2Kb cytolytic T lymphocyte receptor repertoire.
Authors: L A Sherman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The B10.D2 cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) receptor repertoire specific for the H-2Kb alloantigen has been studied by determining the reactivity patterns of monoclonal CTL against a panel of seven different H-2Kb mutants. The repertoire is extremely diverse and contains a minimum of approximately 50 different specificities against unique antigenic determinants on the H-2Kb molecule. Each specificity appears at a maximum frequency of 1 in 18,000 CTL precursors. These studies have also served to dissect the antigenic composition of the H-2Kb molecule. Very few CTL clonotypes share recognition of all the mutants, thereby indicating the lack of conservation of a b-type antigenic region. In addition, the degree to which each mutant shares antigenic determinants with the standard H-2Kb molecule has been determined.
Potentiation of the function of Hageman factor fragments by high molecular weight kininogen.
Authors: C Y Liu, C F Scott, A Bagdasarian, J V Pierce, A P Kaplan, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Patients lacking high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen have profound abnormalities of the Hageman factor-dependent pathways of coagulation, kinin formation, and fibrinolysis. The ability of HMW kininogen to potentiate the Hageman factor fragments (HFf) activation of prekallikrein and Factor XI in plasma was studied. HFf only partially converted Factor XI to XIa and prekallikrein to kallikrein in plasma deficient in HMW kininogen (Williams trait), while enhanced activation of Factor XI and prekallikrein by HFf resulted after reconstitution with HMW kininogen. In a system using highly purified components, HMW kininogen increased the initial rate of prekallikrein activation whether the kallikrein formed was assayed by arginine esterase activity or kininforming ability. The potentiation of prekallikrein activation occurred over a 12-fold range of enzyme (HFf) concentration and was nonhyperbolic with respect to substrate (prekallikrein). HMW kininogen exerted its effect even in the absence of prekallikrein since the hydrolysis of acetylglycyl-lysine methyl ester by HFf was increased by HMW kininogen. These results suggest that one of the functions of HMW kininogen is to augment the catalytic action of HFf.
Imagine a Woman and Other Tales
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In his five previous collections of stories and essays, physician-writer Richard Selzer has probed and bared the heart and soul of modern medicine. His unique tales of patients, doctors, suffering, and healing have been imbued with unequal doses of love, tragedy, humor, and eccentricity. The result has often been a prescription for healing, which is impure but passionate. Selzer's latest literary offering is a departure from the familiar scenarios of physicians, patients, and medical themes.<i>Imagine a Woman and Other Tales</i>consists of six curious stories, which continue (and culminate) Selzer's egression from the fervid medical fiction of previous collections. For the most part, these are gloomy narratives in which doctors and medicine appear only peripherally, and the few physicians who are portrayed seem either lifeless or artificially inflated. These bizarre stories are loaded with misery, obsession, madness, and loss. Hope is conspicuously absent in these pages, but fortunately love
Role of miR-143 Regulating DNA Methyltransferases 3A in Breast Cancer.
Authors: E. Ng, A. Kwong, W. Tsang, C. Leung, C. Wong, T. Kwok, E. Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background and Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-25-nucleotides regulatory non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expressions of a wide variety of genes including some involved in cancer development. In particular, decreased expression of miR-143 has been reported in various human cancers including colorectal cancer and B-cell lymphomas. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of miR-143 dysregulation in breast cancer.Methods: Expression levels of human mature microRNAs (miRNAs) were compared with paired breast carcinomas and adjacent normal tissues by TaqMan real-time PCR based expression arrays. Decreased expression of miR-143 was further confirmed in breast cancer cell lines and paired breast tumors and normal adjacent tissues by qRT-PCR. Potential targets of miR-143 were defined. The functional effect of miR-143 and its targets was performed in human breast cancer cell lines to confirm target association.Results: Down-regulation of miR-143 was verified in both human breast cancer cell lines and 80% (12/15) of breast tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.001). DNA methyltranferase 3A (DNMT3A), one of a key enzyme involved in DNA methylation, was defined as a potential target of miR-143 by in-silico analysis. Overexpression of miR-143 in breast cancer cell lines down-regulated expression of DNMT3A, decreased tumor cell growth by MTT assay and soft agar colony formation assay. DNMT3A was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-143 by luciferase reporter assay. Inverse correlation between DNMT3A protein and miR-143 was found in tumor and normal breast tissues.Conclusions: In this study, we show for the first time in breast cancer that miR-143 specifically targeted DNMT3A and the expression of miR-143 was inversely correlated with DNMT3A expression. Our findings demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-143 and up-regulation of DNMT3A are significant changes in breast tumors. These findings indicate a tumor suppressive role of miR-143 in epigenetic aberration of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3148.