tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Davis and Dietrich's response to Abramson and colleagues' article on statins in low risk people
Authors: K. A. Davis, E. Dietrich
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Abramson and colleagues question the benefit of statins in low risk patients, as recommended by the new cholesterol treatment guidelines.1 2 This conclusion is based on the authors’ evaluation of a meta-analysis performed by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators.3 Firstly, they state that, in the setting of primary prevention, statins have not been shown to affect all cause mortality.1 In the JUPITER trial, 17 802 otherwise healthy participants were randomised to treatment with rosuvastatin 20 mg daily or placebo.4 Over 97% of study participants had less than a 10% five …
Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics
Authors: Leonard F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The first edition of<i>Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics</i>appeared in 1939, and that edition and its successors have served as valuable tools for three generations of surgeons. A unique feature of this edition, as well as the first, is that all of the contributing authors are members of the staff of the Campbell Clinic in Memphis. This helps to give a continuity and consistency not often seen in works with multiple authors. The scope of the book is defined by the title. It deals primarily with the operative techniques used in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. It does not deal with the natural history, pathology, or nonoperative treatment of these entities. The book has been completely reorganized and revised. It has particularly strong sections on surgery of the hand, total joint arthroplasty, especially of the hip, and the operative treatment of fractures. There are new sections devoted to the
Influence of medical journal press releases on the quality of associated newspaper coverage: retrospective cohort study
Authors: L. M. Schwartz, S. Woloshin, A. Andrews, T. A. Stukel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether the quality of press releases issued by medical journals can influence the quality of associated newspaper stories. <b>Design </b>Retrospective cohort study of medical journal press releases and associated news stories. <b>Setting</b> We reviewed consecutive issues (going backwards from January 2009) of five major medical journals (<i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>, <i>BMJ</i>, <i>Journal of the National Cancer Institute</i>, <i>JAMA</i>, and <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>) to identify the first 100 original research articles with quantifiable outcomes and that had generated any newspaper coverage (unique stories ≥100 words long). We identified 759 associated newspaper stories using Lexis Nexis and Factiva searches, and 68 journal press releases using Eurekalert and journal website searches. Two independent research assistants assessed the quality of journal articles, press releases, and a stratified random sample of associated newspaper stories (n=343) by using a structured coding scheme for the presence of specific quality measures: basic study facts, quantification of the main result, harms, and limitations. <b>Main outcome </b>Proportion of newspaper stories with specific quality measures (adjusted for whether the quality measure was present in the journal article's abstract or editor note). <b>Results</b> We recorded a median of three newspaper stories per journal article (range 1-72). Of 343 stories analysed, 71% reported on articles for which medical journals had issued press releases. 9% of stories quantified the main result with absolute risks when this information was not in the press release, 53% did so when it was in the press release (relative risk 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 15.4), and 20% when no press release was issued (2.2, 0.83 to 6.1). 133 (39%) stories reported on research describing beneficial interventions. 24% mentioned harms (or specifically declared no harms) when harms were not mentioned in the press release, 68% when mentioned in the press release (2.8, 1.1 to 7.4), and 36% when no press release was issued (1.5, 0.49 to 4.4). 256 (75%) stories reported on research with important limitations. 16% reported any limitations when limitations were not mentioned in the press release, 48% when mentioned in the press release (3.0, 1.5 to 6.2), and 21% if no press release was issued (1.3, 0.50 to 3.6). <b>Conclusion</b> High quality press releases issued by medical journals seem to make the quality of associated newspaper stories better, whereas low quality press releases might make them worse.
Immunity in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: NANCY GUTENSOHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 August 1979Immunity in Hodgkin's DiseaseNANCY GUTENSOHN, S.M., PHILIP COLE, M.D., DR. P.H.NANCY GUTENSOHN, S.M.Search for more papers by this author, PHILIP COLE, M.D., DR. P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-316 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent report on immunity in Hodgkin's disease in the October 1978 issue, Vianna and Polan (1) interpret their data as evidence that rates of Hodgkin's disease in childhood increases as sibship size increases. This is based on their comparison of the sibship size distribution of 90 children with Hodgkin's disease with an expected distribution of sibship sizes. However, their selection of the expected distribution of sibship sizes is incorrect, and, when corrected, their data show no association of risk with family size.In their Table 2, Vianna and Polan compare the family size distribution of...Reference1. VIANNAPOLAN NA. Immunity in Hodgkin's disease: importance of age at exposure. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:550-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. SHRYOCKSIEGEL HJ. Marital characteristics and family groups. In: STOCKWELL EG, ed. The Methods and Materials of Demography. New York: Academic Press; 1976:173. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SPIEGELMAN M. Family formation, composition, and dissolution. In: Introduction to Demography. Chicago: The Society of Actuaries; 1955:144. Google Scholar3. . Current Population Reports. Fertility of American women: June 1977. Series P-20, no. 325, Washington, D.C.: Goverment Printing Office; 1978:54. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBirth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: A population-based study of 31 million person-yearsBibliography 1 August 1979Volume 91, Issue 2Page: 316-317KeywordsChildrenHodgkin lymphomaImmunityStatistical distributions Issue Published: 1 August 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Adenocarcinoma of the Large Bowel
Authors: Victor A. Gilbertsen
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The prognosis in carcinoma of the large intestine is, in the opinion of the author, poorer than might be inferred from current medical literature. Emphasis on results of treating selected patients tends to obscure the fact that most patients will not achieve a five-year survival. More extensive excision might reduce the frequency of recurrences but tends to meet with opposition from both surgeons and patients; earlier treatment is endorsed by both cancer societies and physicians but depends on the alertness and cooperation of the patient. The signs and symptoms of intestinal cancer, although known to nearly every physician, often go unrecognized by the patient as long as six months before diagnosis is made. Intestinal cancer would probably be curable in the average case if patients could be taught the basic facts and conducted themselves accordingly.
Incidental Detection of Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism on Oncologic FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Alok R. Khandelwal, Geming Li, Amol M. Takalkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Incidental findings are not infrequent on integrated FDG PET/CT scans by the virtue of obtaining images from skull base to mid thigh. These can be on the FDG PET portion or the CT portion of the study and can be clinically significant. We report a case of FDG PET/CT imaging performed for staging of head and neck cancer that led to the detection of unsuspected pulmonary embolism. Our case reinforces the importance of careful interpretation of incidental findings on FDG PET/CT imaging as they can have a significant effect on patient management.
Immune regulation of human colonic electrolyte transport in vitro.
Authors: W A Stack, S J Keely, D P O'Donoghue, A W Baird
Journal: Gut (1995)

The role of lamina propria cells in regulating human colonic ion transport was investigated in vitro. Normal human colonic mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers, and short circuit current changes (delta SCC) were monitored in response to immune cell activation. Anti-human immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) and formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP) were used to stimulate mast cells and phagocytes respectively. Anti-IgE (100 micrograms/ml) and fMLP (100 microM) evoked rapid onset, inward delta SCC (mean (SEM) max delta SCC 19.3 (2.8) and 29.4 (4.7) microA/0.63 cm2 respectively). A pharmacological approach was used to identify the charge carrying ion species and to characterise mediators involved in the SCC response. Responses to each secretagogue were significantly attenuated by bumetanide, indicating that the delta SCC was at least partly due to electrogenic chloride secretion. Piroxicam reduced the delta SCC to mast cell and phagocyte activation by 91.1 (3.4)% and 48.2 (25.2)% respectively, implicating eicosanoids as mediators of the responses. Mepyramine (100 microM) reduced the SCC responses to anti-IgE by 79.6 (12.0)% but did not significantly alter delta SCC responses to fMLP. Desensitisation to repeated anti-IgE or fMLP stimulation, and cross desensitisation between each of the stimuli, were features of immune cell activation. In summary, we have shown that activation of immune cells can stimulate electrogenic chloride secretion. Such events in vivo will result in gradient driven secretory diarrhoea, which may occur as a protective response to enteric-dwelling parasites, or as a feature of local bowel inflammation.
Lymphatic pumping in response to changes in transmural pressure is modulated by erythrolysate/hemoglobin.
Authors: R M Elias, G Wandolo, N S Ranadive, J Eisenhoffer, M G Johnston
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Red blood cells and lysate products (erythrolysate) are observed consistently in lymph draining acute and chronic inflammatory reactions and from tissues subjected to trauma or surgical procedures. Using hemoglobin as a marker for erythrolysate, we have measured hemoglobin in lymph up to the 10(-6) M range in a number of pathophysiological states. Data demonstrate that erythrolysate alters the pumping characteristics of lymphatic vessels. To test the effects of erythrolysate on lymphatic pumping, bovine lymphatics were suspended in an organ bath preparation with the vessels cannulated at both inflow and outflow ends. By raising the heights of the Krebs reservoir and the outflow catheters appropriately, a transmural pressure that stimulated pumping activity could be applied to the vessels. With a fixed transmural pressure of 6 cm H2O applied to the ducts, sheep erythrolysate depressed pumping activity between 40% and 100%, with dilutions containing between 10(-8) and 10(-5) M hemoglobin. Although the active principle in the red blood cells has not been characterized, evidence from precipitation purification experiments suggests that hemoglobin is an important component. Once suppressed, pumping could be restored in many but not all vessels (often to control levels) by elevating the distending pressure above 6 cm H2O. The relation between transmural pressure and fluid pumping is expressed as a bell-shaped curve, with pumping increasing up to a peak pressure (usually 8 cm H2O) and declining at pressures above this level. By comparing pressure/flow curves, we were able to ascertain that hemoglobin shifted the lymphatic function curve to the right and, on average, reduced the maximum pumping capability of the vessels. We speculate that the presence of erythrolysate/hemoglobin in lymph may modulate the ability of lymphatic vessels to drain liquid and protein from the tissue spaces.
Making Peer Review More Productive
Authors: Harry M. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

PEER REVIEW is the time-honored approach to the assurance of quality medical care. As pressure for the accountability of the medical profession has increased, participation in peer-review activities has often been characterized by physicians and hospital managers as a burden and a time commitment that is less than productive. However, it is a time commitment that physicians and hospitals will most likely be unable to avoid regardless of legislative or other changes. More importantly, effective peer review requires systematic clinical judgments that only physicians can provide. Insights drawn from information system theory might improve the peer-review process, thereby using the time invested more effectively. The burdensome aspects of peer review are the result of two forces. The first is the medical profession's tradition of autonomy and confidentiality in peer review. This tradition has resulted in private committee discussions and frequent recommendations for actions to department chairmen or medical boards. The
Evaluation of the U.K. 2-week referral rule for skin cancer
Authors: N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Evaluation of the U.K. 2‐week referral rule for skin cancer Get access N.H. Cox N.H. Cox Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, U.K N.H.Cox. E‐mail: Neil.Cox@ncumbria‐acute.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 2, 1 February 2004, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05793.x Published: 01 February 2004 Article history Accepted: 09 September 2003 Published: 01 February 2004
Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance: Authors' reply
Authors: D J P Barker, C Fall, C Osmond, P Winter, C N Hales, L. Cox, P M S Clark
Journal: BMJ (1991)

cases,' but what is not mentioned is the delay in arriving at that diagnosis.Shafer investigated the histopathology request forms for 779 cases of oral cancer and found a significant delay in diagnosis in 15% of cases.4The author admitted that this was probably an underestimate in view of inadequate details often given on these forms.This has been a concern to us because we have gained the clinical impression that incorrect diagnosis and delayed referral of patients with oral cancer by practitioners are still prevalent.We recently audited practitioners' referrals of 96 patients with estabhshed oral cancer.Medical practitioners had made an incorrect or no diagnosis in 48% of referral letters.In cases of regional lymphadenopathy the proportion with an incorrect or no diagnosis fell to 32%.Delays in referral were identified in 36% of cases, the median delay being four weeks (range one week to eight months).The results for dental practitioners were worse.It is fundamental that in cases of tumour the diagnosis must be considered before excision and that a correct technique is used.A high index of suspicion is required, and postgraduate education is essential to instil this.Until diagnostic ability improves it seems preferable for all cases of suspicious skin lesions to be referred to a con- sultant.The advice for oral cancer is that all cases should be referred for assessment before biopsy.The support for practitioners providing a biopsy service because of hospital waiting times is un- tenable2 as patients with cancer should bypass waiting lists.
Glutathione-Related Antioxidant Defenses in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Domenico Lapenna, Sergio de Gioia, Giuliano Ciofani, Andrea Mezzetti, Sante Ucchino, Antonio M. Calafiore, Antonio M. Napolitano, Carmine Di Ilio, Franco Cuccurullo
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Oxidative stress, resulting from an antioxidant/prooxidant imbalance, seems to be crucial in atherogenesis. Recent evidence has emerged, however, of a surprisingly high content of low-molecular-weight antioxidants in human atherosclerotic plaques, although other antioxidant systems have not been investigated in these lesions.We studied glutathione-related antioxidant defenses (which play a key role in tissue antioxidant protection) in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of 13 patients subjected to endarterectomy and in normal internal mammary arteries of 13 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was undetectable in the plaques of 7 patients; the other 6 patients with plaques showed a mean enzymatic activity approximately 3.5-fold lower than that of mammary arteries. Glutathione reductase activity was also markedly lower in the plaques than in the arteries. Glutathione transferase instead had comparable activity in the two tissues. Remarkably, 5 of the 7 patients with an undetectable selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity but none of the 6 with a detectable one were characterized by multivascular atherosclerotic involvement (3 patients) or stenosis of the contralateral carotid artery (2 patients).A weak glutathione-related enzymatic antioxidant shield is present in human atherosclerotic lesions. Although the cause of this phenomenon remains to be determined, the present data suggest that a specific antioxidant/prooxidant imbalance operative in the vascular wall may be involved in atherogenic processes in humans.
Intrauterine Contraception with the Copper 7: Evaluation after Two Years
Authors: J. Newton, J. Elias, J. McEwan, G. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1974)

From 1,156 insertions of the copper 7 contraceptive device with 15,044 women-months of use we conclude that it offers advantages in intrauterine contraception. Continuity is improved for all users. It is a useful method for those who have not been pregnant and as an exchange device for patients having problems with other intrauterine devices or contraceptive methods. These advantages must be set against the necessity of replacing the copper 7 after a limited life span. In no cases in our series did cervical cytological examination show anything abnormal, and a 98·1% follow-up was achieved.
Regulation of the metabolism of plasma membrane proteins in hepatocytes
Authors: Darrell Doyle, Anh V. Le
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The protein composition of the plasma membrane of animal cells is complex.Cells of hepatocyte origin in tissue culture have, for example, at least 100 proteins and glycoproteins externally oriented on their plasma membrane (1, 2).The organization of these proteins in the plasma membrane of cells in tissue culture is relatively simple compared to the organization of the plasma membrane in the hepatocyte in the liver.Cells in culture often lack polarity and regional specializations of the plasma membrane, i.e., tight and gap junctions, bile canaliculi, etc., that characterize the same cell in situ.Carbohydrate
Impact of on-site adequacy assessment for EUS FNA of solid pancreatic lesions
Authors: S. Chatterjee, V. Wadehra, J. Cunningham, J. Leeds, K. Oppong, M. Nayar
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There are a number of factors which can influence the accuracy of EUS FNA but the presence of an in-room cytotechnician (IRC) has been shown to be one of the important factors. The aim of this study was to establish if the introduction of an IRC improved the diagnostic accuracy of EUS guided FNA of solid pancreatico biliary lesions <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective study and includes all patients with solid pancreatico biliary lesions who underwent EUS FNA from April 2009 to September 2010. We have been performing EUS FNA since 2003 but did not have an IRC till this period. The IRC attended 2 of the 4 EUS lists and therefore there were two groups identified: Group 1 – Cytotechnician absent; Group 2 – Cytotechnician present. Final diagnosis was based on a positive diagnosis on cytology, other forms of tissue acquisition and/or a year9s follow up for the benign/indeterminate cases. Only patients with a final diagnosis were included in the study. <h3>Results</h3> The final results are shown in table 1. We compared our data to the 6 months prior to this study (October 2008–March 2009) when there was no IRC available. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV during this period were 86%, 82%, 100%, 100% and 57.6% respectively. The inadequate aspirate rate during this period was 14.2%. There was no statistical difference when this data was compared to either Groups 1 or 2. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that the presence of an IRC does not necessarily improve the diagnostic accuracy of EUS FNA of pancreatobiliary lesions. There are a number of factors which influence the results but experience of the cytopathologist/cytotechnician has shown to be one of the important factors. By keeping the number of inadequate aspirates low and reducing the number of highly suspicious samples the accuracy of the test can be improved. Large studies may be required to show a significant difference. Cost effectiveness and experience of the cytopathologist/cytotechnician should be taken into consideration when setting up this service.
Repeat exposure to Althesin.
Authors: S G Radford, J A Lockyer, J W Sear, P J Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

gists stated that "the appearances are those of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.The histological appearances of practolol peritonitis are different...." This is not the appropriate comparison.The patient obviously had fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space and not the peritoneal cavity.The point is that idopathic and drug-related (for example, methysergide) retroperitoneal fibrosis present the same histological picture.'Oxprenolol is also listed in reports of the Committee on Safety of Medicines as being ingested by patients developing sclerosing
DERMATITIS DUE TO PODOPHYLLUM RESIN
Authors: W. J. O'DONOVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article DERMATITIS DUE TO PODOPHYLLUM RESIN Get access W. J. O'DONOVAN, M.D., M.P. W. J. O'DONOVAN, M.D., M.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 1, 1 January 1935, Pages 13–21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09808.x Published: 01 January 1935
On Building a Bibliography
Authors: Kenneth J. Tack, Marvin J. Bittner, Phillip K. Peterson, Frank S. Rhame, David M. Markovitz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest "A Rogue's Gallery of Medical Manuscripts" (1980;244:700) and offer the following response: Make eight copies of this letter. Delete the name of the author on the top of the list and add your name to the bottom. Send the letters to eight other journals. In this way your name will appear on 37,448 letters and be first author on 32,768 of these. Your coauthors will include many of the most prominent medical figures in the world. Do not break this chain. The last editor who failed to publish this letter was found in a local library buried under the last ten years' issues of the<i>Cumulated Index Medicus</i>.<sup>1</sup>
Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IT may be thought curious that I have chosen mitral regurgitation (MR), often considered the simplest of the cardiac valvular lesions, as the subject of this lecture. Of all valvular lesions, rheumatic MR is the one that could probably be recognized most easily by the beginning medical student, since the characteristic systolic murmur is so readily detected. My own interest in the subject began during medical school, when I became aware of the controversy surrounding the interpretation of systolic heart murmurs in children with a history of rheumatic fever. In the 1920's and 1930's it was considered by some that . . .