tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current Concepts in the Control of Carcinoma of the Endometrium
Authors: S. B. Gusberg
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1986)

With respect to the most efficient approach to the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the endometrium, the recognition of women at high risk can reduce this disease to a minimum and possibly eradicate much of the resulting mortality. Such an approach depends on the following factors: Recognition of the menopause as a time of life when high-risk patients may be identified. Recognition of adenomatous hyperplasia as a precursor of invasive endometrial cancer. Further research into the technology of obtaining suitable samples in menopausal women on an ambulatory basis without anesthesia is indicated as a search for efficient screening. Until such research yields new methods, however, recognition of the high-risk menopausal women through histologic sampling at menopause, with or without dysfunctional bleeding, can serve well. The modern FIGO staging formula shows the order of clinical virulence of any endometrial cancer and allows individualization of treatment in a manner that prevents overtreatment of those with less aggressive tumors and undertreatment of those with highly virulent tumors. Overtreatment causes an excess of complications, and undertreatment leads to a lower rate of cure than might be obtained by more radical treatment. Such individualization of treatment allows recognition of the appropriate place for surgical and/or radiotherapeutic treatment and the combinations that are most appropriate for the particular patient. Individualization also encourages the development of new chemotherapeutic agents and more efficient use of those now existing. Hormonal treatment is indicated for several categories of perimenopausal or postmenopausal patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Panostotic Fibrous Dysplasia A New Craniotubular Dysplasia
Authors: WILLIAM D. LESLIE, CAROLINE REINHOLD, LEONARD ROSENTHALL, CRISTINA TAU, FRANCIS H. GLORIEUX
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors describe the radiographic-scintigraphic features of an unusual craniotubular dysplasia characterized by diffuse osteopenia with bone expansion and a “ground glass” appearance, markedly increased skeletal turnover, myelofibrosis, hypophosphatemia, and pigmented “coast-of-Maine” patches. This syndrome, termed panostotic fibrous dysplasia, is distinct from previously reported disorders.
Effect of Volume Expansion on Hemodynamics of the Hypoperfused Rat Kidney
Authors: Paul A. Johnston, David B. Bernard, John F. Donohoe, Nancy S. Perrin, Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The hemodynamics of the rat kidney were studied during reduction of renal arterial pressure to 35-40 mm Hg (H), and after volume expansion at that pressure with 0.9% NaCl (IS), 1.7% NaCl (HS), 5% mannitol in 0.9% NaCl (MS), 5% mannitol in water (MW), or 50 mM mannitol + 125 mM NaCl. During H, left renal blood flow (RBF) was 0.8+/-0.1 ml/min. Expansion with IS did not alter RBF, but expansion with HS, MS, MW, and 50 + 125 mM NaCl elevated RBF to 200-250% of hypoperfusion values. Glomerular capillary pressure rose significantly from 15.7+/-0.7 mm Hg during H to 22.3+/-1.1, 24.4+/-0.7, and 26.6+/-0.7 mm Hg following expansion with HS, MS, or MW, respectively. Efferent arteriolar pressure also rose significantly to 6.9+/-0.5, 9.7+/-0.8, and 9.5+/-0.9 mm Hg, respectively. Preglomerular resistance fell to 18-24% of H values, and postglomerular resistance fell to 58-74% of H values after expansion with HS, MS, or MW. Glomerular filtration (GFR) could not be detected during H or after IS expansion. HS and mannitol-containing solutions restored GFR to 0.10+/-0.02-0.15+/-0.02 ml/min, and single nephron glomerular filtration to 6-12 nl/min. Papaverine, acetylcholine, and kinins had no effect on RBF or GFR at a perfusion pressure of 35-40 mm Hg. We conclude that mannitol and HS have the capacity to augment RBF during hypoperfusion by reducing arteriolar resistance. The mechanism of the rise in RBF is uncertain; it may be due to changes in effective osmolality of the extracellular fluid or to a direct action of mannitol on vascular smooth muscle. Other potent vasodilators were ineffective during hypoperfusion. Restoration of GFR occurs as a result of the combined effects of augmented RBF and elevated net filtration pressure.
The Effect of Qi-Gong Relaxation Exercise on the Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Takuya Tsujiuchi, Hiroaki Kumano, Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi, DeGuang He, Yuko Tsujiuchi, Tomifusa Kuboki, Hiroyuki Suematsu, Koichi Hirao
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Qi-gong relaxation exercise is one of the traditional Chinese health care self-management technique. It consists of two aspects, controlled synchronized breathing with slow body movements as an aerobic exercise, and relaxation (1). The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine the effects of Qi-gong and to identify biological and psychological characteristics associated with a positive response to therapy.

The study used a paired group design with age- and sex-matched participants randomly assigned to one of two groups. Of the 554 eligible patients, 36 type 2 diabetic subjects were randomized to the study. This study was ethically approved by the board of directors of the Science Clinic, and informed consent was obtained from all 36 patients. For a variety of reasons, 10 …
Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity bioassays from molecular structure using inductive logic programming.
Authors: R D King, A Srinivasan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The machine learning program Progol was applied to the problem of forming the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for a set of compounds tested for carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP). Progol is the first inductive logic programming (ILP) algorithm to use a fully relational method for describing chemical structure in SARs, based on using atoms and their bond connectivities. Progol is well suited to forming SARs for carcinogenicity as it is designed to produce easily understandable rules (structural alerts) for sets of noncongeneric compounds. The Progol SAR method was tested by prediction of a set of compounds that have been widely predicted by other SAR methods (the compounds used in the NTP's first round of carcinogenesis predictions). For these compounds no method (human or machine) was significantly more accurate than Progol. Progol was the most accurate method that did not use data from biological tests on rodents (however, the difference in accuracy is not significant). The Progol predictions were based solely on chemical structure and the results of tests for Salmonella mutagenicity. Using the full NTP database, the prediction accuracy of Progol was estimated to be 63% (+/- 3%) using 5-fold cross validation. A set of structural alerts for carcinogenesis was automatically generated and the chemical rationale for them investigated- these structural alerts are statistically independent of the Salmonella mutagenicity. Carcinogenicity is predicted for the compounds used in the NTP's second round of carcinogenesis predictions. The results for prediction of carcinogenesis, taken together with the previous successful applications of predicting mutagenicity in nitroaromatic compounds, and inhibition of angiogenesis by suramin analogues, show that Progol has a role to play in understanding the SARs of cancer-related compounds.
Hyperglobulinaemic Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Report of Nine Cases
Authors: A. M. S. Mason, P. L. Golding
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of nine women with hyperglobulinaemic renal tubular acidosis four presented with acidosis and five had the "incomplete" form of the disorder. Seven patients had nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but none had the Fanconi syndrome. Investigation showed abnormal immunoglobulins and autoantibodies in all nine patients. Diseases coexisting with renal tubular acidosis were Sjögren's syndrome, hyperglobulinaemic purpura, autoimmune liver and thyroid disease, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, and a peripheral neuropathy. It is suggested that this type of renal tubular acidosis might be due to an autoimmune process.
Perception of Nigerian athletes of the use of mouth guards to prevent the stresses of sports injury
Authors: O A Adegbesan, C O Onyeaso
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

The perception of Nigerian athletes of the use of mouth guards to prevent the stresses of sports injuries was examined using psychological, sociological, and physical stress variables.The descriptive survey research design was used in this study. Participants (n = 333) were selected using the purposive random sampling technique and data were collected using the 4 point Likert type instrument. The coefficient alpha was used to determine the reliability of the instrument with r = 0.79 for psychological, r = 0.66 for physical, and r = 0.74 for sociological stress.The result reveals that female athletes perceived the use of mouth guards as being more important to prevent the stresses of sports injuries than male athletes, while athletes who had used mouth guards for longer periods also perceived them as being more important to prevent the stresses of sports injuries compared to those who had used them less. The result also revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) among the various sport groups as independent variables on the psychological and physical stress variables. Scheffe post hoc analysis was used to identify the group where significant difference was found.The study concluded that since the impact of injury is perceived to affect the cognitive function of athletes, athletes should be educated on the use of mouth guards in order to reduce the incidence of oral and dental injuries to the barest minimum.
Statistics in Japanese universities.
Authors: P K Ito
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The teaching of statistics in the U.S. and Japanese universities is briefly reviewed. It is found that H. Hotelling's articles and subsequent relevant publications on the teaching of statistics have contributed to a considerable extent to the establishment of excellent departments of statistics in U.S. universities and colleges. Today the U.S. may be proud of many well-staffed and well-organized departments of theoretical and applied statistics with excellent undergraduate and graduate programs. On the contrary, no Japanese universities have an independent department of statistics at present, and the teaching of statistics has been spread among a heterogeneous group of departments of application. This was mainly due to the Japanese government regulation concerning the establishment of a university. However, it has recently been revised so that an independent department of statistics may be started in a Japanese university with undergraduate and graduate programs. It is hoped that discussions will be started among those concerned on the question of organization of the teaching of statistics in Japanese universities as soon as possible.
Abstract 1106: The tumor immune microenvironment modulates response to chemotherapy in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Madhuri Koti, Andrew Edwards, Jeremy A. Squire
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy remains a major impediment in the treatment of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of the tumor-microenvironment in mediating chemotherapy resistance, in addition to established mechanisms of tumor progression. This project is investigating the role of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment in facilitating intrinsic chemotherapy resistance using a cohort of 36 high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer patient tumor samples. Total RNA from forty-eight, HGSEOC tumor tissue samples was subjected to gene expression profiling using NanoString technology. This type of bar-coded expression profiling has proven to be equally efficient to study gene expression as quantitative real time PCR technique. The gene panel consisted of 184 human genes that are differentially expressed in human inflammation and 6 internal reference genes. The cohort comprised 18 sensitive (PFS &amp;gt;18months) and 18 resistant (PFS&amp;lt;6 months) samples. A multiplex cytokine assay using the bioplex system was also performed on serum samples from a subset of this cohort. The results showed significant differences in expression of some inflammatory cytokines in the serum that were concurrent with the observed gene expression differences in the tumor samples. The results are indicative of a cooperative role of a specific inflammatory gene signature within the tumor microenvironment that may augment pathways leading to differential drug response. These studies need further independent validations to derive non-invasive blood-based biomarkers for use in predicting chemotherapy resistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Madhuri Koti, Andrew Edwards, Jeremy A. Squire. The tumor immune microenvironment modulates response to chemotherapy in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1106. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1106
Vitamin A supplementation in preschool children with acute diarrhoea
Authors: P. Pharoah, J. Weinberg, A. Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Nita Bhandari and colleagues report the results of a trial of vitamin A in the prevention of respiratory and diarrhoeal morbidity in a population of children likely to be clinically or subclinically deficient in vitamin A.1 We do not believe that the conclusions are justified by the results described, and the public health implications contained in the box are misleading.

The first two points in the box are not contentious and are based on previous research. …
Factors influencing the relation of infant feeding to asthma and recurrent wheeze in childhood
Authors: A L Wright
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The relationship between infant feeding and childhood asthma is controversial. This study tested the hypothesis that the relation between breast feeding and childhood asthma is altered by the presence of maternal asthma. <h3>METHODS</h3> Healthy non-selected newborn infants (n=1246) were enrolled at birth. Asthma was defined as a physician diagnosis of asthma plus asthma symptoms reported on ⩾2 questionnaires at 6, 9, 11 or 13 years. Recurrent wheeze (⩾4 episodes in the past year) was reported by questionnaire at seven ages in the first 13 years of life. Duration of exclusive breast feeding was based on prospective physician reports or parental questionnaires completed at 18 months. Atopy was assessed by skin test responses at the age of 6 years. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The relationship between breast feeding, asthma, and wheeze differed with the presence or absence of maternal asthma and atopy in the child. After adjusting for confounders, children with asthmatic mothers were significantly more likely to have asthma if they had been exclusively breast fed (OR 8.7, 95% CI 3.4 to 22.2). This relationship was only evident for atopic children and persisted after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, the relation between recurrent wheeze and breast feeding was age dependent. In the first 2 years of life exclusive breast feeding was associated with significantly lower rates of recurrent wheeze (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.9), regardless of the presence or absence of maternal asthma or atopy in the child. Beginning at the age of 6 years, exclusive breast feeding was unrelated to prevalence of recurrent wheeze, except for children with asthmatic mothers in whom it was associated with a higher odds ratio for wheeze (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 14.1), especially if the child was atopic. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The relationship between breast feeding and asthma or recurrent wheeze varies with the age of the child and the presence or absence of maternal asthma and atopy in the child. While associated with protection against recurrent wheeze early in life, breast feeding is associated with an increased risk of asthma and recurrent wheeze beginning at the age of 6 years, but only for atopic children with asthmatic mothers.
The immunological hazard of Cushing's syndrome.
Authors: S Britton, M Thoren, H E Sjoberg
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A 24-year-old woman was found to have cryptococcal meningitis and Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma. Her meningitis was successfully arrested with fluorouracil. Treatment with metyrapone decreased her cortisol production and produced clinical remission of Cushing's syndrome. On admission her peripheral T lymphocytes were few and hyporeactive. When the overproduction of cortisol ceased the numbers of T lymphocytes and their reactivity returned to normal and she developed in-vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to the cryptococci.
Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidant Peptide Ameliorates Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dao-Fu Dai, Tony Chen, Hazel Szeto, Madeline Nieves-Cintrón, Vassily Kutyavin, Luis F. Santana, Peter S. Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract P6-02-01: Elucidating the change of TRAIL sensitivity in basal like TNBC cell lines by lapatinib, and further therapeutic implication
Authors: B Lim, NG Dolloff, JE Allen, DT Dicker, WS El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 15-20% of breast cancer, and carries a poor prognosis. Recently, efforts to understand this heterogeneous group of cancers have led to recognition of different subtypes of TNBC by Dr. Pietenpol et al based on genetic and functional signature. So far, the only targeting agent for TNBC still remains as androgen receptor inhibitor for LAR group. Thus, other strategies in therapeutic development for TNBCs are necessary. TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the TNF-alpha family of death receptor ligands, induces apoptosis by binding death receptors (DR4 and DR5), could be a good strategy in therapeutic development in TNBC. Unfortunately, majority of breast cancer cell lines are resistant to TRAIL targeted therapy especially basal like group of cells, as previously shown in the work of Lipkowitz at the NCI. Lapatinib, a well known as erbB 1 and 2 inhibitor had been found to have off target activity inducing JNK, an important activator of nuclear transcription of death receptor, and mitochondrial mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Interestingly, study of combination therapy with lapatinib and TRAIL not only confirmed baseline poor sensitivity to TRAIL induced apoptosis in “basal like” HCC 1937 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, but also revealed an unexpected difference in sensitization to TRAIL induced apoptosis by Lapatinib pre-treatment between these two cell lines. When treated with 48hrs Lapatinib high–dose treatment, HCC 1937 showed increased sensitization whereas MDA-MB-468 did not. Both HCC 1937 and MDA-MB-468 are in the same basal like 1(BL1) group by Dr. Pietenpol's analysis, and their baseline sensitivity to TRAIL inducing apoptosis are the same. In terms of apoptosis - there are two big categories of cells. Type I cells are independent of mitochondria for the induction of Fas death receptor mediated apoptosis, where as type II cells are mitochrondria-dependent. Thus we hypothesized that this difference in lapatinib induced TRAIL sensitization between two cell lines is due to difference in one being type I vs the other being type II cell, and this type of apoptosis is not likely equal in same subgroup of TNBC. If this hypothesis is correct, targeting apoptosis pathway in TNBC should incorporate the recognition of apoptosis cell types rather than functional/genetic based subtypes. We will further elucidate our hypothesis by studying JNK, caspase 3 and 9 activity and downstream of both intrinsic, extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-02-01.
B cell–deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice have CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that inhibit the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Shiguang Yu, Prasanta K. Maiti, Melissa Dyson, Renu Jain, Helen Braley-Mullen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Wild-type (WT) NOD.H-2h4 mice develop spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) when given 0.05% NaI in their drinking water, whereas B cell–deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice are SAT resistant. To test the hypothesis that resistance of B cell–deficient mice to SAT was due to the activity of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T (T reg) cells activated if autoantigen was initially presented on non–B cells, CD25+ T reg cells were transiently depleted in vivo using anti-CD25. B cell–deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice given three weekly injections of anti-CD25 developed SAT 8 wk after NaI water. Thyroid lesions were similar to those in WT mice except there were no B cells in thyroid infiltrates. WT and B cell–deficient mice had similar numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. Mice with transgenic nitrophenyl-specific B cells unable to secrete immunoglobulin were also resistant to SAT, and transient depletion of T reg cells resulted in severe SAT with both T and B cells in thyroid infiltrates. T reg cells that inhibit SAT were eliminated by day 3 thymectomy, indicating they belong to the subset of naturally occurring T reg cells. However, T reg cell depletion did not increase SAT severity in WT mice, suggesting that T reg cells may be nonfunctional when effector T cells are activated; i.e., by autoantigen-presenting B cells.
In praise of the "devil"
Authors: S. Bonaccorso
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When a pharmaceutical company misbehaves the whole industry instantly becomes the culprit. In contrast, when a doctor misbehaves the whole of medicine isn't condemned. For some reason the pharmaceutical industry is seen as the devil, while many others in health care are seen as saintly. This prejudice against the industry is unfair. Those who work in it resent being seen as part of the problem rather than part of the solution, particularly since the industry either developed or manufactured virtually every new drug to have emerged in the past century. Where would health care be without antibiotics, antihypertensives, immunosuppressants, antidepressants, anaesthetic drugs, lipid lowering drugs, and hundreds of others?

One of us (SB) has worked in the industry for many years and so has a partial view, but it was experiences as a physician in Buenos Aires in the 1970s that illustrated the value of the serious research oriented companies. The companies educated doctors when postgraduate training was often unavailable. That's …
Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Modulates Immune Receptor Levels to Regulate Plant Antibacterial Defense
Authors: Jiradet Gloggnitzer, Svetlana Akimcheva, Arunkumar Srinivasan, Branislav Kusenda, Nina Riehs, Hansjörg Stampfl, Jaqueline Bautor, Bettina Dekrout, Claudia Jonak, José M. Jiménez-Gómez, Jane E. Parker, Karel Riha
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)