tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of pulmonary metastasectomy on lung function parameters
Authors: Thomas Schweiger, Christoph Nikolowsky, Lukas Lehmann, Robert Wiebringhaus, Gyoergy Lang, Hendrik-Jan Ankersmit, Walter Klepetko, Konrad Hoetzenecker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The lung is a common site of secondary growth in malignant diseases. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases has been shown to prolong survival in patients with various primary tumor types. Today, even repeated resections of recurrent pulmonary metastases are common practice in thoracic surgery. The impact of metastasectomy on respiratory function has become a relevant factor in the treatment algorithm of these patients.  Since 2009, all metastasectomy patients at the Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, MUV, have been actively followed-up every three to six months after surgery. For 45 patients pre- and post-operative lung function data was obtained during the follow-up. In 19 patients metastases were removed by enucleation (laser=10; cautery=9), in 19 patients by wedge resection and 7 patients received lobectomy. Complete resection was obtained in all patients.  We found no difference in loss of FEV1 per resected nodule between laser and cautery enucleation. However, a significant difference in FEV1 and VC was found when comparing enucleation/wedge/lobectomy patients (FEV1 3.1±0.5, 7.6±1.5, 13.4±2.9; VC: 1.5±1.7, 4.7±1.7, 16.3±3.3). These findings were confirmed by evaluating the volume of the resected tissue and did not correlate with size of metastases as determined by pre-operative CT evaluations.  The surgical resection of pulmonary metastases is associated with a detectable but mild loss of lung function. Concerning the respiratory impairment, repeated resections of lung metastases should not be withhold from patients.
Randomized phase III trial of treatment duration for oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin as adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage IIB/III colon cancer: final results of JFMC33-0502
Authors: S. Sadahiro, T. Tsuchiya, K. Sasaki, K. Kondo, K. Katsumata, G. Nishimura, Y. Kakeji, H. Baba, S. Sato, K. Koda, Y. Yamaguchi, T. Morita, J. Matsuoka, H. Usuki, C. Hamada, S. Kodaira
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Carcinogenic Activity of Analogues of p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene. V. Effect of Added Methyl Groups in the Pyridine Series23
Authors: Ellis V. Brown, Ali A. Hamdan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

N,N-Dimethyl-4-(4′-[2′-methylpyridyl-1′-oxide]azo)aniline and N,N-dimethyl-4-(4′-[2′,6′-dimefhylpyridyl-1′-oxide]azo)aniline were compared for rat hepatocarcinogenic activity at 0.03,0.02, and 0.01 % levels in the diet. Two other dimethyl derivatives were prepared where a methyl group is substituted in the benzene ring that carries the dimethylamino group. These were both found to be active, in contrast to the situation with p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) homologues. The N-methyl-N-ethyl, N,N-diethyl, and N,N-dipropyl homologues of N,N-dimethyl-4-(4′-[pyridyl-1′-oxide]azo)aniline were prepared and tested. In contrast to the situation in the DAB series, the N,N-diethyl homologue was active.
Quantitating familial cancer risk: a resource for clinical oncologists.
Authors: K Offit, K Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Because a family history of cancer constitutes an important risk factor, estimation and communication of cancer risk can facilitate efforts toward early detection and prevention. This review provides a resource for health professionals called to draw upon a multidisciplinary literature to provide quantitative risk estimates to families with cancer.Descriptive population-derived, epidemiologic, genetic, genetic epidemiologic, and molecular studies are critically reviewed in the context of cancer genetic counseling.Data are presented that document the increased lifetime relative risk to relatives of individuals with cancers of the breast, ovary, colon, prostate, or other sites. In general, risk ratios are poorly suited for clinical counseling. Age-specific absolute risks are presented for first-degree relatives of individuals affected by cancers of the breast, ovary, and colon. The derivation of Mendelian and Bayesian risk estimates in the setting of well-defined cancer family syndromes, and the growing role of DNA testing in more accurately assessing these risks, are discussed. Such carrier testing requires careful psychologic and ethical considerations.Multidisciplinary cancer genetic counseling is an emerging resource available to physicians who care for families with common adult malignancies.
Ocular Airgun Injury–an ENT Perspective
Authors: Ahmes L Pahor
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Mr Shuttleworth and Mr Galloway (August 2001 JRSM, pp. 396-399) record the devastating effects of airgun injuries to the eye. Otorhinolaryngologists also encounter such injuries. We presented a series of three cases previously1; since then two more have been seen. Included in the series was a 14-year-old boy who, whilst walking with a friend along one of the canals in West Bromwich, Birmingham, felt a sudden sharp pain in the left eye. At the time, he was unaware that he had been shot. On arrival at home his father noticed bleeding from his left eye. He was taken to Sandwell District Hospital and a pellet was shown lodged in the right sphenoid sinus. The eye was damaged and had to be removed. The pellet was extracted from the sphenoid sinus. The path of the pellet was through the left eye, left ethmoid sinuses, through the cartilagenous nasal septum (creating a permanent hole) and nose. The pellet ricocheted off the right lateral wall of the nose and lodged in the right sphenoid sinus having entered the sinus through its anterior wall.

The perpetrator of this injury was found to be a 9-year-old boy playing unsupervised with an airgun. We agree with Shuttleworth and Galloway that more measures need to be taken to avoid such injuries, but we think the best way is through raising public awareness.

Another important point to discuss is: remove or leave the pellet? A further case dealt with since this report was of a patient who had had a pellet lodged in her face (on the anterior surface of the maxillary sinus) for well over 30 years. When she was a child whilst walking with her elder sister in a park in West Bromwich, she felt a sudden sharp pain in her cheek. Blood was found tracking from a small wound on the cheek and nothing much was done about this at the time. After more than 30 years there was a reunion between the two sisters attending their mum's funeral, and the younger sister was prompted to seek advice. An X-ray showed a pellet lying on the anterior surface of the maxillary sinus. Blood lead concentration was not raised. Personally, I favour removal of lodged pellets, and this was done.
Roles of the immune system in skin cancer
Authors: S. Rangwala, K.Y. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Over the past several decades, there has been increasing interest in understanding the roles of the immune system in the development and progression of cancer. The importance of the immune system in human skin cancer has been long recognized based primarily upon the increased incidence of skin cancers in organ transplant recipients and mechanisms of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-mediated immunomodulation. In this review, we integrate multiple lines of evidence highlighting the roles of the immune system in skin cancer. First, we discuss the concepts of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting as they might relate to human skin cancers. We then describe the clinical and molecular mechanisms of skin cancer development and progression in the contexts of therapeutic immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients, viral oncogenesis, and UV radiation-induced immunomodulation with a primary focus on basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The clinical evidence supporting expanding roles for immunotherapy is also described. Finally, we discuss recent research examining the functions of particular immune cell subsets in skin cancer and how they might contribute to both antitumour and protumour effects. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms of cancer immunosurveillance holds the promise of enabling better therapies.
Occupational exposures and airway obstruction in the burden of obstuctive lung disease (BOLD) study
Authors: Peter Burney, Bernet Kato, Bernd Lamprecht, Louie Idolor, Amund Gulsvik, Sonia Buist
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Occupational exposures are a recognised cause of respiratory morbidity but there are few population based estimates of their effects on lung function.   Methods:  The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease programme undertook post-bronchodilator spirometry in representative samples of people over the age of 40 years in 15 sites (N=14,400). It also collected information on occupation, including employment in specific industries, with the length of employment in each. Named industries were classified into three exposure groups: Fumes (F), Inorganic dusts (ID) and Organic dusts (OD). Odds ratios were estimated compared with the unexposed population adjusting for sex, age, smoking, pack-years, height and education, first for any exposure and then for length of exposure. Meta-analytical methods were used to combine risks between sites. COPD was defined as a FEV 1 /FVC ratio    Results:  10% were exposed to F, 9% to ID and 24% to OD. COPD was more common in those exposed; (OR (95%CI)) for F=1.80 (1.29, 2.53), for ID=1.51 (1.03, 2.22) and for OD=1.27 (0.96, 1.69). However much of the excess risk was seen in those exposed for less than a year. The risks (OR (95%CI))/ten years exposure after the first year were F: 1.03 (0.87, 1.21); ID: 0.90 (0.75, 1.07); OD: 1.06 (0.94, 1.20). After stratification the estimated OR from OD in non-smokers was possibly raised, but not significantly, at 1.26 (0.97, 1.64) per 10 years exposure.   Conclusions:  Estimates of effects were probably strongly influenced by a healthy worker effect. Further data are needed and are being collected.
Induction of Hepatic Tumors in a Teleost ( Oryzias latipes ) After Treatment With Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: Brief Communication 2
Authors: Kazuko Aoki, Hiromichi Matsudaira
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Liver neoplasms including trabecular hepatoma and cholangioma were induced in medakas (Oryzias latipes) by the addition of methylazoxymethanol acetate to their aquarium water at levels of 0.1-3 ppm for periods ranging from 1 to 120 days. More than 80% of the surviving fish developed tumors at 3 or 5 months after commencement of the treatment, irrespective of levels of the drug, when appropriate times of exposure were chosen.
Bacteriological confirmation in a series of patients with exudative pleural colections, presumed of tuberculous origin
Authors: Raluca Daniela Vasilescu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We analised a series of 23 cases of pleurisies diagnosed in 2011 in our pneumology department. There were 23 patients, 14 males and 9 females, aged between 21 and 80.  Pleural fluid analisys: exudate, 100% lymphocytes in 22 cases and with 90% neutrophils one case, with proteins 3,8 – 6,2 g /dl, LDH 274 – 1743 u/l and ADA 47,5 – 196 u/l. Ziehl – Neelsen smears for BAAR from the pleural fluid were negative in all cases.  We obtained bacteriological confirmation in 4 cases from 23 (17,4%) – cultures typical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  Bacteriological confirmation coming too late, the criteria for choosing an antituberculous treatment were – epidemiologic, the analysis of pleural fluid (lymphocytic exudate with high ADA) and exclusion of other etiologies after performing CT scans and bronchoscopy.  We administered a standard regimen with Isoniaside, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol 7/7 in the first two months continued with HR 3/7. At the end of the hospital stay we obtained importnt resolution of the pleurisies in all cases and at the end of the tratment - normal chest X-rays at 20 patiens, 3 having residual pachypleuritis.  We obtained bacteriological confirmation at one patient with liver cyrhosis of viral (HCV) origin, one pacient with 4 month pregnancy, one student with no other comorbidity and one patient with tbc contact.  In conclusion - bacteriological confirmation after cca 45 days of delay did not influence the therapeutic decision and the absence of confirmation didn9t change the type of treatment at that patiens with favourable outcome. We must also consider a relative high prevalence of tuberculous pleurisy in a high endemy country as Romania.
Correlation of PIK3CA mutation-associated gene expression signature (PIK3CA-GS) with deactivation of the PI3K pathway and with prognosis within the luminal-B ER+ breast cancers
Authors: S. Loi, B. Haibe-Kains, F. Lallemand, L. Pusztai, A. Bardelli, C. Gillett, P. Ellis, M. J. Piccart-Gebhart, W. A. Phillips, G. A. McArthur, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

533 Background: The phosphathidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in tumor biology and is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Our aim was to characterize the molecular and clinical outcome effects of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer (BC). Methods: We analyzed 173 BC samples for PIK3CA mutations. Corresponding gene expression profiles were used to understand its effects on the PI3K pathway. We validated a PIK3CA-GS in 2 independent BC cohorts (n = 183) with known PIK3CA mutation status and evaluated its correlation with clinical outcome in 1748 BC samples stratified by treatment and subtype. Results: 26% of BCs had a PIK3CA mutation. Tumors with PIK3CA mutation demonstrated a distinct gene expression signature (p = 0.03 after 1000 perm). In 2 datasets it could discriminate PIK3CA mutation carriers from wild-type (ROC 0.68, 0.71, p = 0.001for both). However, the PIK3CA-GS was correlated with deactivation of the PI3K pathway probably through a negative feedback loop. This observation was supported by: 1) the PIK3CA-GS was significantly correlated with gene expression changes induced by PI3K inhibitors (Connectivity Map, Gene set enrichment analyses) and 2) the PIK3CA-GS was anti-correlated with a GS of PTEN loss (R = -0.3; Saal et al, 2007). Higher levels of the PIK3CA signature were observed in HER-2+ and estrogen receptor positive (ER+), luminal BC subtypes. Whilst there was no association with mutation status alone and prognosis, increasing expression of the PIK3CA-GS (suggesting deactivation) was significantly associated with better clinical outcome in both untreated (p = 0.04) and particularly ER+, luminal-B, tamoxifen only-treated (p = 0.004) BC. Multivariate analysis (HR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.3–0.7; p = 0.002) confirmed that the PI3KCA-GS provided independent prognostic information. Conclusions: Paradoxically, the PIK3CA-GS correlates with inhibition of the PI3K pathway in ER+ BC and identifies a subgroup of luminal B BCs with a favorable outcome. The PIK3CA-GS may be a better indicator of PI3K pathway dysfunction than mutation status, potentially indicating patients who may benefit from combined endocrine therapy and PI3K inhibition. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Atopic status affects association between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma symptoms in females
Authors: Tine H. Malling, Torben Sigsgaard, Vivi Schlünssen, Øyvind Omland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is associated to asthma. Our objective was to analyse if atopic status and gender affected the associations between asthma symptoms and the extent of BHR.   Methods:  In a Danish cross-sectional study of asthma in subjects aged 20-44 years (ERCHS protocol) 933 subjects were eligible for analysis. Asthma symptoms were defined by an 8 items asthma score (Pekkanen, J. et al, Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 26: 28-35). Extent of BHR was defined as log-dose-slope (LDS) for FEV 1  in a methacholine-challenge (LDS = log 10 (((FEV 1  start – FEV 1  end)) * 100/(FEV 1  start * dose)) + 2) + 1). Atopic status was defined as at least 1 of 13 positive skin prick test (mean ≥3mm) for common inhalant allergens.   Results:  Atopy was present among 181 (36%) females and 192 (45%) males (χ-test, p=0.008). More females reported asthma symptoms (χ-test, p=0.02), and LDS was higher among females (t-test, p  Significant interaction between atopy and asthma score was seen in females, p   Conclusion:  LDS for FEV 1  increases with the number of asthma symptoms, but in non-atopic females this association is weaker than in atopic females and in men. It remains unclear whether this is due to higher perception of asthma symptoms among non-atopic females.
Utility of biomarkers in the management of respiratory diseases in hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Carmen Mª Lucena, Montserrat Rovira, Xavier Filella, Rebeca Domingo, Antoni Torres, Carlos Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale   Different biomarkers have shown utility in the management of infectious diseases in immunocompetent patients; however its role in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of biomarkers in the management of respiratory complications (RC) in HSCT recipients.   Methods   We conducted a prospective observational study. A cohort of 175 patients was follow-up for 1 year after HSCT. A total of 62 RC were identified. C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured within the first 24-48 hours after the identification of the RC.   Results   Forty-six episodes (74%) were respiratory infections and 16 (26%) were non-infectious complications. Table 1 shows CRP, pro-ADM and PCT values in the different groups studied. Patients dying of the RC had levels of pro-ADM and PCT (but not CRP) significantly higher than those who survived [(4.7±3.8 vs 2.6±2.3 nmol/L, p=0.05) and (15.1±22.6 vs 1.9±5.5 ng/mL, p=0.03), respectively)]. PCT was the biomarker that presented the best area under de curve, in the ROC analysis: 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.92, p=0.003.   Conclusions   Alhough biomarkers can not differentiate between respiratory infections and non-infectious episodes; they can be useful tools for differentiating bacterial from viral infections. PCT value on admission is a good prognostic marker in HSCT-recipients with RC.
Mycosis fungoides: subcutaneous and visceral tumors, orbital involvement, and ophthalmoplegia.
Authors: E G Whitbeck, A S Spiers, M Hussain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

A patient with advanced severe mycosis fungoides presented several unusual features, including prominent lesions of the palate and tongue and an orbital tumor with exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia. A hitherto undescribed feature was the development of multiple, massive subcutaneous tumors unrelated to the dermis or to lymph nodes, and large tumors in the connective tissues of the buttock, flank, and retroperitoneum. The usual sites of extracutaneous dissemination of mycosis fungoides--lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, and blood--were not demonstrably involved. This may be a new pattern of dissemination for this disease. Of practical importance is the immediate and complete relief of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia that was obtained with emergency radiotherapy.
ESTERASE IN EPIDERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS OF THE MOUSE..
Authors: P. A. RILEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article ESTERASE IN EPIDERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS OF THE MOUSE.: A Study of the Histochemical Properties and Distribution of Activity of the Enzyme in Relation to Patterning in the tail. Get access P. A. RILEY, Ph.D., M.B. P. A. RILEY, Ph.D., M.B. Department of Dermatology. University College Hospital Medical School, London, W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 7, 1 July 1966, Pages 388–397, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12235.x Published: 01 July 1966
Successful Resection After Neoadjuvant Therapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Parvin F. Peddi, Andrea Wang-Gillam
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

A 59-year-old woman presented with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma involving the neck and body of the pancreas. She was treated with systemic chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation, with subsequent downstaging of the tumor by imaging. Subsequent resection had negative margins and negative lymph nodes with only microscopic disease present in the tumor specimen. Neoadjuvant therapy is controversial but could play a role in borderline resectable disease by allowing for higher chance of negative margins at surgery and increasing the chance for cure in these patients. Microscopic disease at time of resection is rare.
Safety and Efficacy of Vandetanib As Systemic Treatment for Patients with Advanced and Progressive Medullary Thyroid Cancer (Mtc)
Authors: E. Grande, J. Martinez-Trufero, S. Arevalo, C. Alvarez-Escola, M. Beltran, P. Jimenez Fonseca, T. Alonso-Gordoa, E. Dalmau, M. Duran, I. Gallegos, J.L. Manzano, R. Mesia, I. Pajares, J. Fuentes, J.J. Grau, O. Reig Torras, J.M. Trigo, B. Pelaez, C. Zafon, J. Capdevila
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Morphological Studies on the Replication of a Defective Satellite Virus and its Helper Adenovirus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Heather D. Mayor, Michio Ito, Liane E. Jordan, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The defective adeno-satellite virus replicates only when cells are co-infected with a “helper” adenovirus. Following simultaneous infection of green-monkey-kidney cells with a simian adenovirus and its satellite, changes in the nucleic acid patterns of infected cells were detectable by acridine orange staining within 12 hours. Diffuse, homogeneous, green inclusions that could be distinguished from the discrete, large, yellow inclusions produced by adenovirus alone were observed. Fluorescein-labeled antisatellite antiserum and rhodamine-labeled antiadenovirus antiserum were used to detect the sites of replication of the two viruses. Both antigens were clearly demonstrated in the same nucleus of many infected cells, as indicated by the development of separate yellow-green and orange inclusions. However, most nuclei showed strong fluorescence of a single color—an indication that in nuclei where large amounts of satellite capsid antigens were detectable, the amount of adenovirus antigen was markedly reduced and vice versa. Electron microscopic examination of companion ultrathin sections confirmed these observations.
Effects of Murine Tumors on Delayed Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene. I. Description of Anergy Caused by Transplanted Tumors
Authors: J. Milburn Jessup, Max H. Cohen, M. M. Tomaszewski, Edward L. Felix
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

In the murine model presented for tumor-associated immune suppression, normal BALB/c mice displayed significant foodpad swelling when sensitized on the flank with 2 mg dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and challenged in a footpad with 0.05 mg DNCB 10 days later. This reaction in challenged footpads seemed to be a classic delayed hypersensitivity reaction, since it took 24 hours to develop and included an extensive mononuclear infiltrate. The reaction was transmissible from sensitized to normal mice by the transfer of lymphoid cells but not to serum. When sensitized 10 days after tumor inoculation, mice bearing either an allogeneic melanoma or a syngeneic lymphoma or fibrosarcoma did not demonstrate delayed hypersensitivity to DNCB.