tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patrick David Blade
Authors: D. Blade
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Basingstoke, Hampshire (b Essex 1934; q London 1960), died from a heart attack on 21 July 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Patrick Blade was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1953. After training at the London Medical School he did various house jobs, including in obstetrics and anaesthetics. He entered general practice in High Wycombe before moving to a partnership in Basingstoke in 1965. In 1988 he became senior partner. He was also a deputy police surgeon, a medical officer to several national and international locally based corporations, a hospital clinical assistant, a teacher of fifth year medical students, a GP trainer, and one of the country's first wave fundholders. Following a second heart attack, he retired in 1993. He leaves his second wife, Diana; two sons; and two grandchildren.
Transport of beta-lactam antibiotics in kidney brush border membrane. Determinants of their affinity for the oligopeptide/H+ symporter.
Authors: H Daniel, S A Adibi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

This study was designed to determine whether beta-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins and penicillins) are all substrates for the renal oligopeptide/H+ symporter and, if so, whether the transport system discriminates among the numerous beta-lactam antibiotics. We used [3H]glycylglutamine, [3H]cephalexin, and [3H]-ampicillin as probes for the transport of oligopeptides, cephalosporins, and penicillins in kidney brush border membrane vesicles, respectively. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics, only those with an alpha-amino group in the phenylacetamido moiety were found to interact with the oligopeptide/H+ symporter. Aminocephalosporins displayed high affinities (KiS generally < 250 microM), whereas aminopenicillins displayed low affinities (Ki 0.78-3.03 mM). These differences in affinities appeared to be a consequence of conformational features of the substrates, especially the sterical location of the carboxy group. The affinities of aminolactams for the oligopeptide/H+ symporter were, furthermore, related to the hydrophobicity of the phenylglycyl chains and the substituents attached to the thiazolidine and dihydrothiazine ring. In sharp contrast to the uptake of [3H]glycylglutamine and [3H]cephalexin, the uptake of [3H]ampicillin was not dependent on a pH gradient and was inhibited by various beta-lactam antibiotics, whether or not they contained an alpha-amino group. Our data suggest that: (a) the transport of aminocephalosporins is largely mediated by the oligopeptide/H+ symporter, which is highly influenced by the substrate structure; and (b) penicillins are transported by another system, which is less discriminative with respect to substrate structure.
New BMA council members back action to repeal health act
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMA needs a national strategy to campaign for the repeal of the Health and Social Care Act and to publicise its damaging effects, says a newly elected member of the BMA’s council.

South London GP Louise Irvine’s key argument during her election campaign was that the BMA’s opposition to the bill was inadequate and that she would use her council place to mitigate its worst effects.

Speaking after her election to the 2012 council on Tuesday 24 April, she said it was “clear she was elected as a strong campaigner against the [Health and Social Care] Act.” She added: “This …
Biomarker-based asthma phenotypes of corticosteroid response
Authors: Douglas C. Cowan, D. Robin Taylor, Laura E. Peterson, Jan O. Cowan, Rochelle Palmay, Avis Williamson, Jef Hammel, Serpil C. Erzurum, Stanley L. Hazen, Suzy A.A. Comhair
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is a mainstay of treatment for asthma, but the clinical response to ICSs is variable.We hypothesized that a panel of inflammatory biomarkers (ie, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide [Feno], sputum eosinophil count, and urinary bromotyrosine [BrTyr] level) might predict steroid responsiveness.The original study from which this analysis originates comprised 2 phases: a steroid-naive phase 1 and a 28-day trial of ICSs (phase 2) during which Feno values, sputum eosinophil counts, and urinary BrTyr levels were measured. The response to ICSs was based on clinical improvements, including a 12% or greater increase in FEV1, a 0.5-point or greater decrease in Asthma Control Questionnaire score, and 2 doubling dose or greater increase in provocative concentration of adenosine 5'-monophosphate causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20AMP). Healthy control subjects were also evaluated in this study for comparison of biomarkers with those seen in asthmatic patients.Asthmatic patients had higher than normal Feno values, sputum eosinophil counts, and urinary BrTyr levels during the steroid-naive phase and after ICS therapy. After 28-day trial of ICSs, Feno values decreased in 82% of asthmatic patients, sputum eosinophil counts decreased in 60%, and urinary BrTyr levels decreased in 58%. Each of the biomarkers at the steroid-naive phase had utility for predicting steroid responsiveness, but the combination of high Feno values and high urinary BrTyr levels had the best power (13.3-fold, P < .01) to predict a favorable response to ICS therapy. However, the magnitude of the decrease in biomarker levels was unrelated to the magnitude of clinical response to ICS therapy.A noninvasive panel of biomarkers in steroid-naive asthmatic patients predicts clinical responsiveness to ICS therapy.
Red Cell Distribution Width in Alcohol Abuse and Iron Deficiency Anemia-Reply
Authors: J. David Bessman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Seppä and Mr Sillanaukee suggest that high RDW and normal MCV may herald early alcohol abuse. It is true that liver disease has been described as a common cause of isolated increased RDW.<sup>1,2</sup>The challenge would now be to distinguish alcohol abuse per se from the liver disease that commonly results from alcohol abuse. Another point to note is that both early pernicious anemia and alcohol abuse-liver disease tend to be associated with high normal MCV, unlike early iron deficiency, which is associated with lownormal MCV.<sup>1</sup>As in many other analyses with broad normal ranges, different parts of "normal" mean different things. We would concur that a high-normal MCV and high RDW suggest liver disease—alcohol abuse, early megaloblastic deficiency, and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy. As shown in our data, early iron deficiency with a normal MCV is predominantly found in the lower half (80 to 90 fL)
A Missing Dimension
Authors: Elemér K. Zsigmond
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is somewhat disturbing to me that in medical articles, one dimension, the time of intravenous injection of a drug, is often not reported. Doses should be expressed over time, eg, 1.5 mg/kg/30″ or 1.5 mg/kg/2 min or 1.5 mg/kg/2 hr, since the rate of injection of drugs is crucial not only in determining the rate of uptake at the specific receptor site but also in the development of adverse, often fatal reactions. To enhance the understanding of pharmacokinetics and the development of clinical pharmacology and to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions with drugs, one must emphasize the importance of "the missing dimension," the time dimension, when drug doses are published.
Control of B Cell Development by the Histone H2A Deubiquitinase MYSM1
Authors: Xiao-Xia Jiang, Quan Nguyen, YuChia Chou, Tao Wang, Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar, Peter Yates, Lindsey Jones, Lifeng Wang, Haejung Won, Hye-Ra Lee, Jae U. Jung, Markus Müschen, Xue F. Huang, Si-Yi Chen
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Surgery of the Aged and Debilitated Patient
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Powers begins his preface with the words, "surgery of the aged is different," a dictum undoubtedly acclaimed in gerontological circles. The volume "has been designed to emphasize... the particular problems and complications associated with surgery of the aged." He introduces the main text with forceful statistics which remind us that the segment of our population 65 years and over was 9.2% in 1960 and by the year 2010 will comprise 30 million people. The first nine chapters cover various aspects of the metabolism of the elderly and other general topics pertinent to surgical care. Particularly informative, at least to a surgeon, are the opening chapters, "The Physiology of Aging," by N. W. Shock, and "The Pathogenesis of Diseases of Senescence." In the latter, Drs. Blumenthal and Probstein suggest that diseases prevalent among the aged may result from somatic mutations which in turn produce abnormal proteins and autoimmune responses, analogous
Effect of counselling mothers on their children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. F Hovell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To test the efficacy of behavioural counselling for smoking mothers in reducing young children9s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. <b>Design:</b> Randomised double blind controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> Low income homes in San Diego county, California. <b>Participants:</b> 108 ethnically diverse mothers who exposed their children (aged &lt;4 years) to tobacco smoke in the home. <b>Intervention:</b> Mothers were given seven counselling sessions over three months. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Children9s reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from mothers in the home and from all sources; children9s cotinine concentrations in urine. <b>Results:</b> Mothers9 reports of children9s exposure to their smoke in the home declined in the counselled group from 27.30 cigarettes/week at baseline, to 4.47 at three months, to 3.66 at 12 months and in the controls from 24.56, to 12.08, to 8.38. The differences between the groups by time were significant (P=0.002). Reported exposure to smoke from all sources showed similar declines, with significant differences between groups by time (P=0.008). At 12 months, the reported exposure in the counselled group was 41.2% that of controls for mothers9 smoke (95% confidence interval 34.2% to 48.3%) and was 45.7% (38.4% to 53.0%) that of controls for all sources of smoke. Children9s mean urine cotinine concentrations decreased slightly in the counselled group from 10.93 ng/ml at baseline to 10.47 ng/ml at 12 months but increased in the controls from 9.43 ng/ml to 17.47 ng/ml (differences between groups by time P=0.008). At 12 months the cotinine concentration in the counselled group was 55.6% (48.2% to 63.0%) that of controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> Counselling was effective in reducing children9s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Similar counselling in medical and social services might protect millions of children from environmental tobacco smoke in their homes.
Reversible Rib Photopenia Demonstrated by Bone Scan in Vaso-occlusive Complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sophie Guillemard, Frederic Comte, Tatiana Segard, Michel Rossi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We report the case of a 39-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who was seen for excruciating rib pain, thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal failure, and an inflammatory syndrome. She was treated with high-dose steroids. A bone scan performed initially revealed upper thoracic cage photopenia and was suggestive of a vaso-occlusive crisis. At the same time, thrombophlebitis of the right arm was diagnosed. The presence of a lupus anticoagulant was highlighted. Plasmapheresis initiated 5 days after the bone scan relieved the patient immediately. A follow-up bone scan performed 20 days after the initial study showed improvement in uptake of the upper anterior ribs and confirmed the diagnosis of vaso-occlusive crisis.
Natriuretic peptides predict left ventricular remodeling in response to metoprolol CR in patients with congestive heart failure: the RESOLVD phase II neurohumoral substudy
Authors: Michel White, Robert S. McKelvie, Christian Hall, Salim Yusuf, James Young, Roberto Latini, Jeffrey Probstfield, Ross Tsuyuki, Aldo P. Maggione, Alvaro Avezum, Jean-Lucien Rouleau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Meningitis Due to<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>
Authors: Allan Lavetter, John M. Leedom, Allen W. Mathies, Daniel Ivler, Paul F. Wehrle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Twenty-five patients with bacteriologically proved Listeria monocytogenes meningitis were studied. Twenty-one were male. Nine of the 25 were neonates, and 11 were 55 years of age or older. Twenty-four patients received either ampicillin or penicillin, at times in combination with other antibiotics. One of the ampicillin-treated patients, and six of the penicillin-treated patients died. Recovery of the patient from meningeal infection seemed to correlate best with an initial cerebrospinal-fluid glucose level over 30 mg per 100 ml. These data, like those already appearing in the literature, suggest that intravenous ampicillin may be the therapy of choice, from the standpoint of both superior efficacy and relative lack of toxicity.
NHS England launches consultation on improving general practice in London
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

NHS leaders have set out a radical blueprint for transforming general practice services in London, in a bid to improve care and ease the “unprecedented pressure” on the primary care system.

The consultation document, General Practice: A Call to Action ,1 is seeking views from the capital’s GPs on how to create a more coordinated, proactive healthcare system that improves patients’ access to services.

The document, published by NHS England in partnership with some of London’s leading GPs, says that more collaborative, federated models of working could help London’s GPs provide better care for a growing, transient population with higher life expectancy …
976 Total HCV core antigen correlates with HCV RNA, and predicts response to PEGinterferon alfa 2-A (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RIB) therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: E PADILLA, R PLANAS, V GONZALEZ, C PEREZ, D GIMENEZ, L MATAS, R MORILLAS, E CABRE, R SOLA, M DIAGO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Health Service Utilization Costs for Borderline Personality Disorder Patients Treated With Psychoanalytically Oriented Partial Hospitalization Versus General Psychiatric Care
Authors: Anthony Bateman, Peter Fonagy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The authors assessed health care costs associated with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospital treatment for borderline personality disorder compared with treatment as usual within general psychiatric services.Health care utilization of all borderline personality disorder patients who participated in a previous trial of partial hospital treatment compared with treatment as usual was assessed by using information from case notes and service providers. Costs were compared for the 6 months before treatment, 18 months of treatment, and an 18-month follow-up period.There were no cost differences between the groups during pretreatment or treatment. Costs of partial hospital treatment were offset by less psychiatric inpatient care and reduced emergency room treatment. The trend for costs to decrease in the partial hospitalization group during the follow-up period was not apparent in the treatment-as-usual group.Specialist partial hospital treatment for borderline personality disorder is no more expensive than treatment as usual and shows considerable cost savings after treatment.
Body composition of Brazilian beach volleyball players
Authors: A Medeiros, I Mesquita, J Oliveira, A C C Loureiro, J Afonso, L Z Monteiro, J M Castro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The development of a beach volleyball athlete is the result of highly planned training process, and should consider the specificity of this sport and the demands regarding body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the values and distribution of fat mass among Brazilian beach volleyball players. The sample consisted of 16 male beach volleyball players from the Brazilian Circuit 2009. For the evaluation of body composition, the recommendations of FILHO, 2003, were applied: every measure was taken on the right side of the body, before the morning practice session; the reading took three seconds, to diminish reading errors; each measure was taken three times by the same researcher. Jackson and Pollock's seven-skinfolds model was utilised, since there are no protocols specific for volleyball. Subjects' mean age was 28 years, height 1.94 m, and they had played beach volleyball for approximately 8 years. The greatest average value of skin fat was found for the abdominal skinfold (12.5 mm), followed by the suprailiac (11.4 mm) and thigh (10.8 mm). The minimum percentage body fat found was 4.6%, with the maximum being 16.0%, and the average 8.7%, below the mean theoretical ideal percentage of 15%. Characterisation of the players' anthropometric profile helps in monitoring the training process, suggesting possible deficiencies and allowing specific intervention. It may also assist in selecting players with the adequate profile for the sport. In spite of a descriptive design having being applied in the study, the results provided some insights for training and competition. A more extensive data collection from beach volleyball players of different countries and levels of competitions will provide a database for characterisation of the beach volleyball player, allowing the setting of specific benchmarks for training.
D-group chromosomal mosaicism. Occurrence in a patient with minor abnormalities
Authors: S. A. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A young man had apparently normal intelligence, gynecomastia, and minor integumental-skeletal abnormalities. Peripheral lymphocyte chromosome studies disclosed a triple mosaicism, presumably of the D-group chromosomes. The three cell clones had chromosome numbers of 45/46/47.
Taking a conscious look at the body schema
Authors: Jonathan P. Maxwell, Richard S. W. Masters, John van der Kamp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Dijkerman &amp; de Haan (D&amp;dH) propose a somatosensory perceptual pathway that informs a consciously accessible body image, and an action pathway that provides information to a body schema, which is not consciously accessible. We argue that the body schema may become accessible to consciousness in some circumstances, possibly resulting from cross talk, but that this may be detrimental to skilled movement production.
One-time general consent for research on biological samples: Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countries
Authors: Jan Willem W Coebergh, Evert-Ben van Veen, Jan P Vandenbroucke, Paul van Diest, Wolter Oosterhuis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
Ozone and Semen Quality: Berhane and Sokol Respond
Authors: Kiros Berhane, Rebecca Sokol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Risk of Lymphohematopoietic Malignancies in Uranium MinersR ˇer ˇicha et al. (2006) analyzed data from Czech uranium miners with respect to incidence of malignancies of the lymphohematopoietic system.Their results, however, do not correspond with those of two recent studies on German uranium miners (Kreuzer et al. 2004; Möhner et al. 2006).R ˇer ˇicha et al. ( 2006) used a casecohort design, in which the subcohort was stratified by attained age and duration of employment.Stratification by age is a standard approach in case-cohort studies to optimize data ascertainment in the subcohort.However, stratification by duration of employment is problematic, because in occupational epidemiology it should be assumed that the duration of employment is highly correlated with cumulative exposure.Therefore, this kind of stratification contradicts the general demand for a random selection of controls with respect to exposure under study.Comparing the ratios of sampling fractions (< 12 months vs. ≥ 12 months duration of employment) between age groups results in a heterogeneous picture (Table 1).It is not uncommon in occupational cohort studies to include only subjects with a duration of employment of at least a certain number of months into the cohort.An analysis of only those miners with an employment duration of at least 12 months would be in line not only with the standard methodology but also with earlier published results of the authors (R ˇer ˇicha et al. 1998).Hence, the authors should have at least explained their reasoning for including the remaining miners in a second set of strata.In addition, they should have presented separate results for both duration strata to validate the result of the combined analysis.Given the above-mentioned assumption concerning the relationship between duration of employment and cumulative exposure, I calculated crude incidence rate ratios using data from Table 1 of R ˇer ˇicha et al. (2006).The age-specific odds ratios cover a wide range (0.29-7.16), and a corresponding test yields only borderline homogeneity.Consequently, completeness of matching with the cancer registry needs to be discussed.According to the study design, the time period between last exposure and begin of follow-up can span up to 27 years; therefore, the healthy-worker survivor effect could be an important issue in this study (R ˇer ˇicha et al. 2006).In light of the discussion on the magnitude of the latency period for leukemia, more detailed results would be useful to get an impression on, for example, the effect of the year of last exposure.