tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced expression of p53 and apoptosis induced by blockade of the vacuolar proton ATPase in cardiomyocytes.
Authors: X Long, M T Crow, S J Sollott, L O'Neill, D S Menees, M de Lourdes Hipolito, M O Boluyt, T Asai, E G Lakatta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Activation of the vacuolar proton ATPase (VPATPase) has been implicated in the prevention of apoptosis in neutrophils and adult cardiac myocytes. To determine the role of the VPATPase in apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, we used a potent and specific inhibitor of the VPATPase, bafilomycin A1. Bafilomycin A1 alone caused increased DNA laddering of genomic DNA and increased nuclear staining for fragmented DNA in neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Intracellular acidification in cardiac myocytes was also observed after 18 h of bafilomycin A1 treatment. Accordingly, bafilomycin A1-treated myocytes also showed increased accumulation of p53 protein and p53-dependent transactivation of gene expression, including a persistent upregulation of p21/wild-type p53 activated fragment 1/cyclin kinase inhibitor protein-1 mRNA. The bafilomycin A1-induced increase in p53 protein levels was accompanied by a marked increase in p53 mRNA accumulation. In contrast, cardiac fibroblasts treated with bafilomycin A1 showed no change in p53 protein expression or pHi and did not undergo apoptosis even after 24 h of treatment. Our data suggest that blockade of the VPATPase induces apoptotic cell death of cardiac myocytes and that this may occur through a p53-mediated apoptotic pathway.
Prevalence and Correlates of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mary J. Roman, Beth-Ann Shanker, Adrienne Davis, Michael D. Lockshin, Lisa Sammaritano, Ronit Simantov, Mary K. Crow, Joseph E. Schwartz, Stephen A. Paget, Richard B. Devereux, Jane E. Salmon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with premature myocardial infarction, the prevalence of underlying atherosclerosis and its relation to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and lupus-related factors have not been examined in a case-control study.In 197 patients with lupus and 197 matched controls, we performed carotid ultrasonography, echocardiography, and an assessment for risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The patients were also evaluated with respect to their clinical and serologic features, inflammatory mediators, and disease treatment.The risk factors for cardiovascular disease were similar among patients and controls. Atherosclerosis (carotid plaque) was more prevalent among patients than the controls (37.1 percent vs. 15.2 percent, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, only older age, the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (odds ratio, 4.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.6 to 8.7), and a higher serum cholesterol level were independently related to the presence of plaque. As compared with patients without plaque, patients with plaque were older, had a longer duration of disease and more disease-related damage, and were less likely to have multiple autoantibodies or to have been treated with prednisone, cyclophosphamide, or hydroxychloroquine. In multivariate analyses including patients with lupus, independent predictors of plaque were a longer duration of disease, a higher damage-index score, a lower incidence of the use of cyclophosphamide, and the absence of anti-Smith antibodies.Atherosclerosis occurs prematurely in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is independent of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The clinical profile of patients with lupus and atherosclerosis suggests a role for disease-related factors in atherogenesis and underscores the need for trials of more focused and effective antiinflammatory therapy.
PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE TELE-HF TRIAL PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli, Brian Wayda, Haikun Bao, Joseph Ross, Xiao Xu, Sarwat Chaudhry, John Spertus, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prevalence, Detection, and Treatment of Alcoholism in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Richard D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As part of an institution-wide program to enhance the education of physicians in diagnosing and treating alcohol dependence and abuse, a comprehensive survey was conducted in which all new admissions to the adult inpatient services of The Johns Hopkins Hospital were screened for alcoholism. The prevalence of screen-positive alcoholism, by department, was as follows: medicine (25%), psychiatry (30%), neurology (19%), obstetrics-gynecology (12.5%), and surgery (23%). Detection rates by the house staff and faculty physicians caring for those patients who screened positively were less than 25% in surgery and obstetrics-gynecology, between 25% and 50% in neurology and medicine, and greater than 50% in psychiatry. However, physicians were less likely to identify as alcoholic those patients with higher incomes, higher education, or private medical insurance; women; and those who denied heavy alcohol intake. Physician-instituted treatment rates for those patients diagnosed by the physician as having nonrecovered alcoholism were less than 50% in surgery and obstetrics-gynecology, between 50% and 75% in medicine and neurology, and 100% in psychiatry. The extent to which the physicians intervened while the patient was hospitalized correlated with the patient's reported change in alcohol use after discharge. Recommendations based on these data are being incorporated into the medical education curriculum.
Diagnostic evaluation of people with hypertension in low income country: cohort study of "essential" method of risk stratification
Authors: G. Montalvo, F. Avanzini, M. Anselmi, R. Prandi, S. Ibarra, M. Marquez, D. Armani, J.-M. Moreira, C. Caicedo, M. C. Roncaglioni, F. Colombo, P. Camisasca, V. Milani, S. Quimi, F. Gonzabay, G. Tognoni
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To explore the predictive power of a risk stratification method for people with hypertension based on "essential" procedures (that is, available in economically less developed areas of the world), comparing it in the same population with the results given by the method suggested by the 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study of outcomes according to cardiovascular risk profile at baseline. <b>Setting</b> Primary care in a poor rural area of the Ecuadorian forest. <b>Participants</b> 504 people with hypertension prospectively monitored for a mean of 6.7 (SD 2.3) years. <b>Interventions</b> Essential data included blood pressure, medical history, smoking, age, sex, and diagnosis of diabetes; the WHO-ISH methods additionally included measurement of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and creatinine, urinalysis, and electrocardiography. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cardiovascular events and total deaths. <b>Results</b> With both methods there was a highly significant association between the level of predicted risk and the incidence of cardiovascular events and of total deaths: up to three quarters of all cardiovascular events and two thirds of all deaths were reported among people classified as at high or very high risk with either method. The predictive discrimination of the essential method is comparable with the WHO-ISH with C statistics (95% confidence interval) of 0.788 (0.721 to 0.855) and 0.744 (0.673 to 0.815), respectively, for cardiovascular events and 0.747 (0.678 to 0.816) and 0.705 (0.632 to 0.778) for total mortality. <b>Conclusions</b> The risk stratification of patients with hypertension with an essential package of variables (that is, available and practicable even in the economically less developed areas of the world) serves at least as well as the more comprehensive method proposed by WHO-ISH.
Radioimmunochemical quantitation of human adenosine deaminase.
Authors: P E Daddona, M A Frohman, W N Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Markedly reduced or absent adenosine deaminase activity in man is associated with an autosomal recesive form of severe conbined immunodeficiency disease. To further define the genetic nature of this enzyme defect, we have quantitated immunologically active adenosine deaminase (CRM) in the hemolysate of homozygous deficient patients and their heterozygous parents. A highly specific radioimmunoassay was developed capable of detecting 0.05% of normal erythrocyte adenosine deaminase. Hemolysates from nine heterozygotes (five families) showed a wide range in CRM (32--100% of normal) and variable absolute specific activities with several being at least 1 SD BELOW THE NORMAL MEAN. Hemolysates from four unrelated patients showed less than 0.09% adenosine deaminase activity with CRM ranging from less than 0.06 to 5.6% of the normal mean. In conclusion, heterozygote and homozygote hemolysates from five of the eight families analyzed revealed variable levels of CRM suggesting heterogeneous genetic alteration or expression of the silent or defective allele(s) of adenosine deaminase.
Abstract 5079: Endoglin requirement for BMP9 signaling in endothelial cells reveals new mechanism of action for selective anti-Endoglin antibodies.
Authors: Olivier P. Nolan-Stevaux, Wendy Zhong, Dineli Wickramasinghe, Astrid Ruefli-Brasse
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Endoglin (ENG), a co-receptor for several TGFβ-family cytokines, is expressed in activated endothelial cells alongside ALK1, the ACVRL1 gene product. ENG and ACVRL1 are both required for angiogenesis and mutations in either gene are associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangectasia, a rare genetic vascular disorder. ENG and ALK1 function in the same genetic pathway but the relative contribution of TGFβ and BMP9 to SMAD1/5/8 activation and the requirement of ENG as a co-mediator of SMAD phosphorylation in endothelial cells remain debated. Here, we show that BMP9 and TGFβ1 induce distinct SMAD phosphorylation responses in primary human endothelial cells and that, unlike BMP9, TGFβ1 only induces SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation in a subset of immortalized mouse endothelial cell lines, but not in primary human endothelial cells. We also demonstrate, using siRNA depletion of ENG and novel neutralizing anti-ENG antibodies, that ENG is required for BMP9/pSMAD1 signaling in all human and mouse endothelial cells tested. Finally, anti-ENG antibodies that interfere with BMP9/pSMAD1 signaling, but not with TGFβ1/pSMAD3 signaling, including the TRC105 clinical candidate, also decrease in vitro HUVEC endothelial tube formation and inhibit BMP9 binding to recombinant ENG in vitro. Our data demonstrate that BMP9 signaling inhibition is a key and previously unreported mechanism of action of TRC105, an anti-angiogenic anti-ENG antibody currently evaluated in clinical trials. Citation Format: Olivier P. Nolan-Stevaux, Wendy Zhong, Dineli Wickramasinghe, Astrid Ruefli-Brasse. Endoglin requirement for BMP9 signaling in endothelial cells reveals new mechanism of action for selective anti-Endoglin antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5079. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5079
Left Heart Catheterization by the Transseptal Route
Authors: JOHN ROSS, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Experiences with left heart catheterization by the transseptal route in 130 patients are presented. The instruments and technics employed are described in detail and some of the applications in diagnosis and clinical investigation of the method are illustrated. The advantages of transseptal left heart catheterization, which indicate its superiority over other technics, are discussed.
US Health Aid Beyond PEPFAR
Authors: Colleen C. Denny, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2008)

1. President Bush Signs HR 5501, the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008 [news release]. Washington, DC: Office of the Press Secretary; July 30, 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/07/20080730-12 .html. Accessed October 10, 2008. 2. Schieber GJ, Gottret P, Fleisher LK, et al. Financing global health: mission unaccomplished. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(4):921-934. 3. The One Campaign. The Data Report 2008: Keep the G8 Promise to Africa. Washington, DC: One Campaign; 2008. 4. El-Sadr WM, Hoos D. The president’s emergency plan for AIDS relief: is the emergency over? N Engl J Med. 2008;359(6):553-555. 5. The 3 by 5 Initiative: Treat 3 Million People Living with HIV/AIDS by 2005. UNAIDS Web site. http://www.who.int/3by5/en. Accessed October 10, 2008. 6. UNAIDS. Toward Universal Access: Scaling Up Priority HIV Interventions in the Health Sector. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2008. 7. Garrett L. The wrong way to fight AIDS. International Herald Tribune. July 30, 2008. http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/30/opinion/edgarrett.php. Accessed October 15, 2008. 8. Jaffe HW. Universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment. JAMA. 2008;300(5): 573-575. 9. Rosen S, Fox MP, Gill CJ. Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1691-1700. 10. Coates TJ. Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better. Lancet. 2008;372(9639):669-682. 11. Institute of Medicine. PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2007. 12. Government Accountability Office. Global HIV/AIDS: A More Countrybased Approach Could Improve Allocation of PEPFAR Funding. Washington, DC: GAO; 2008. 13. Gostin LO. Meeting the survival needs of the world’s least healthy people: a proposed model for global health governance. JAMA. 2007;298(2):225-228. 14. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Reauthorization of PEPFAR, the United States Leadership against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act: A Side-byside Comparison to Current Law. http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/7799.pdf. Published July 2008. Accessed October 10, 2008. 15. DKT International v United States Agency for International Development, 477 F3d 758 (DC Cir 2007).
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Bruce C. Trapnell, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Koh Nakata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lipids and proteins accumulate within the alveoli because alveolar macrophages cannot catabolize surfactants. Surprisingly, alveolar macrophages require granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to perform this function. Autoantibodies against GM-CSF may cause pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
Hepatic Necrosis After Enflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Michael Shirley
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  We feel that the title of the letter should have been, Hepatic Necrosis After Repeated Surgery and Anesthesia, for the National Halothane Study 1 and the study performed by Simpson 2 in England show that the incidence of hepatic damage occurring after anesthesia and surgery is clearly a function of the time interval between operations and is quite independent of the anesthetic agents used. There is no doubt that postoperative hepatic necrosis will occur after enflurane anesthesia as after any other agent for this very reason. In their opening sentence, the authors state that halothane and metabolites cause liver injury. This has never been shown to be the case, although it has been shown that the metabolites of methoxyflurane may damage the kidney.  The authors came to the conclusion that the hepatitis was due to enflurane by linking together a series of unrelated non sequiturs. They describe
Personal resuscitation plans
Authors: T. Wolff, W. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We have developed personal resuscitation plans instead of do not resuscitate orders (DNRs) for children with severe neurodisability and life limiting or life threatening conditions.1 Children’s nurses asked us for clear information on appropriate interventions when a particular child’s condition deteriorates, not just an instruction not to call the arrest team.

We use a template …
Intrathecal Amikacin Administration
Authors: Bruce Hamory
Journal: JAMA (1976)

GRAM-NEGATIVE organisms resistant to gentamicin sulfate have recently emerged as a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Amikacin sulfate, a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin sulfate, is a new aminoglycoside with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against such organisms.<sup>1,2</sup>Penetration of this drug into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is poor, and like other aminoglycosides, adequate drug concentrations usually cannot be achieved by parenteral administration alone. This case illustrates the first successful use of amikacin administered intrathecally and intramuscularly in a patient with posttraumatic meningitis caused by a gentamicin-resistant<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained by lumbar puncture. Culture specimens were obtained from the wound at operation. Both were plated on chocolate and blood agar plates, and isolates were identified by the method of Edward and Ewing. Serum and CSF drug levels were determined by the agar well-diffusion method using<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>(American Type Culture Collection) as the
The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science
Authors: P. Weindling
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Marek Kohn Cape, £17.99, pp 322 ISBN 0 224 03958 X

At the turn of the century some of the most innovative ideas concerning the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases and mental disabilities were formulated in eugenic and racial terms. As human genetics research and screening have advanced, questions of ethnicity, race, and disease continue to haunt modern medicine.

Attention has shifted from external physical appearance to chromosomes and genes, and most recently to the molecular level, but ideas of some type of racial essence or identity have persisted, and the Human Genome Project has wisely included a built-in ethical component. Other scientists adhere to long discredited notions: some schools of anthropology in eastern Europe seem like remote tribes cut …
Placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding tube via a cervical pharyngocutaneous fistula
Authors: L. Lujber
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) [1] is usually a straightforward procedure, but it can be difficult or even impossible to pass the gastroesophagoscope and the PEG feeding tube in some patients with head and neck cancers. Major head and neck surgery, radiotherapy, and tumor recurrance can all cause narrowing of the pharyngeal lumen, making oral feeding impossible. Meanwhile, cervical pharyngocutaneous fistulae are frequent sequelae in these patients [2]. Enteral nutrition of such patients is usually provided by means of a nasogastric tube, but this method has complications when used long term [3]. Nasogastric tubes can sustain the infection and the fistula in patients with this problem by causing chronic irritation.
House Call Trends
Authors: Bernard Leo Remakus
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of losartan versus atenolol on aortic valve sclerosis: A LIFE study
Authors: Michael H. Olsen, Kristian Wachtell, Jonathan N. Bella, Kurt Boman, Eva Gerdts, Vasilios Papademetriou, Markku S. Nieminen, Jens Rokkedal, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Retinoids and the eye—reduced rod function with isotretinoin
Authors: C.E.H. Grattan, R.D. Brown, M.A. Cowan, K.S. Ryatt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Night blindness has been reported as an unusual complication of isotretinoin therapy.1 It is, perhaps, surprising that this side‐effect has not been recognized more often in view of the essential role of vitamin A in retinal function of vertebrates. We have therefore looked prospectively for evidence of asymptomatic alterations in retinal function, as assessed by electroretinography (ERG), in patients before, during and after treatment with isotretinoin for severe acne vulgaris. Of the six patients who have completed the assessments to date, two have shown definite deterioration in scotopic (dark adapted) ERG during treatment compared to baseline examinations and one patient has shown borderline changes. None of the patients showing electrophysiological abnormalities was aware of reduced night vision, but anterior segment ocular problems were frequently encountered.
'Oncolipids' Offer Promise as Universal Screening Tool for Cancer
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE KIND OF screening test that tops every oncologist's wish list—easy, cheap, reliable, and capable of detecting many types of cancer at an early stage—may not be as far in the future as many have thought. Preliminary results of a test that, although still in its infancy, may have the potential for accomplishing some or all of these goals were described at the recent American Heart Association Science Writers Forum in Monterey, Calif, by Eric Fossel, PhD, and Jan McDonagh, PhD, from the Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Boston. Their research focuses on measuring "oncolipids" in the blood (<i>N Engl J Med</i>1986; 315:1369-1376). Oncolipids, a term coined by Philip S. Schein, MD, in an editorial accompanying that 1986 article, are the lipid moieties of lipoprotein particles found in plasma of patients with cancer. These lipids are different from the lipids of persons without cancer, and the differences can be
IMAGE QUALITY AND RADIATION EXPOSURE OF LOW-DOSE PROTOCOLS FOR CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY: COMPARISON OF PROSPECTIVE AXIAL SCANNING AND HIGH-PITCH SPIRAL ACQUISITION
Authors: Stephan Achenbach, Martin Seltmann, Tobias Pflederer, Mohamed Marwan, Dieter Ropers, Michael Lell, Katharina Anders, Axel Kuettner, Michael Uder, Werner G. Daniel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
An electron microscopic study of glomeruli in Japanese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hiroshi Hayashi, Ryou Karasawa, Hian Inn, Takao Saitou, Mitsuhiro Ueno, Shinichi Nishi, Yoshiki Suzuki, Sojiro Ogino, Yuichiro Maruyama, Yutaka Kouda, Masaaki Arakawa
Journal: Kidney International (1992)