tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mice Deficient for the Ecto-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Glycohydrolase CD38 Exhibit Altered Humoral Immune Responses
Authors: Debra A. Cockayne, Tony Muchamuel, J. Christopher Grimaldi, Hélène Muller-Steffner, Troy D. Randall, Frances E. Lund, Richard Murray, Francis Schuber, Maureen C. Howard
Journal: Blood (1998)
Case of Asphyxia from Hanging: Treated by Bleeding
Authors: C. R. Bree
Journal: BMJ (1844)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Currently, booster dose is needed after 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. With limited resource and shortage of COVID-19 vaccine, intradermal(ID) administration might be a potential dose-sparing strategy. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine antibody response and reactogenicity of ID ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine(AZD1222,Oxford/AstraZeneca) as a booster dose after completion of 2-dose CoronaVac(SV) in healthy adult. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective cohort study of adult aged 18-59 years who received 2-dose SV at 14-35 days apart for more than 2 months. Participants received ID AZD1222 at fractional low dose(1×10<sup>10</sup> viral particles,0.1ml). Antibody responses were evaluated by surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT) against wild type and delta variant and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain immunoglobulin G(anti-S-RBD IgG) at prior, day14 or 28, and day90 post booster. Solicited reactogenicity was collected during 7 days post-booster. Primary endpoint was the differences of sVNT against delta strain ≥80%inhibition at day14 and 90 compared with the parallel cohort study of 0.5-ml intramuscular(IM) route. <h3>Results</h3> From August2021, 100 adults with median(IQR) age of 46(41-52) years participated. At baseline, geometric means(GMs) of sVNT against delta strain prior to booster were 22.4%inhibition(95%CI 18.7-26.9) and of anti-S-RBD IgG were 109.3(95.4-125.1)BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta strain were 92.9%inhibition(95%CI 87.7-98.3) at day14 and 73.1%inhibition(66.7-80.2) at day90 post ID booster. The differences of proportion of participants with sVNT to delta strain≥80%inhibition in ID recipients versus IM were +4.2%(95%CI-2.0to10.5) at day14, and -37.3%(−54.2to−20.3) at day90. Anti-S-RBD IgG GMs were 2037.1(95%CI1770.9-2343.2) at day14 and 744.6(650.1-852.9) BAU/ml at day90, respectively. Geometric mean ratios(GMRs) of anti-S-RBD IgG were 0.99(0.83-1.20) at day14, and 0.82(0.66-1.02) at day90. Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Only 18% reported feverish, compared with 37% of IM(p=0.003). Common reactogenicity was erythema(55%) at injection site while 7% reported blister. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Low-dose ID AZD1222 booster enhanced lower neutralizing antibodies at 3 months compared with IM route. Less systemic reactogenicity occurred, but higher local reactogenicity. <h3>Highlights</h3> Intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine gave comparable short-term immunogenicity but lower 90-day immunogenicity with conventional intramuscular vaccine. Lower systemic but higher local reactogenicity was found in intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine. Blister and pruritus could be seen after intradermal AZD1222 booster vaccine.
Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop: Heterogeneity in Cardiometabolic Risk in Asian Americans in the U.S.
Authors: K.M. Venkat Narayan, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Reena Oza-Frank, Mona Pandey, J. David Curb, Marguerite McNeely, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Latha Palaniappan, Swapnil Rajpathak, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 1617: Nebivolol Induces Lipolysis and Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression in Ex-vivo Human Visceral Adipocytes
Authors: Marica Bordicchia, Scappini Lorena, Pierfrancesco Marcucci, Walter Siquini, Aroldo Fianchini, Paolo Dessi-Fulgheri, Alessandro Rappelli, Riccardo Sarzani
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction and Hypothesis.  Selective β1 blockers have metabolic side effects such as increasing adiposity, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia. Nebivolol (a racemic mixture of D- and L-enantiomers) is a β1 blocker with vasodilatatory activity mediated through β3 adrenergic receptors (ADRB3) because of agonist activity of the L-enantiomer. Nebivolol appers to lack the adverse metabolic side effects of other β1 blockers. In this study we examined whether nebivolol was able to induce ADRB3-mediated lipolysis and UCP1 expression, key steps in the use of fatty acids for thermogenesis.   Methods.  Human visceral mature adipocytes were isolated from omental adipose tissue obtained during elective abdominal surgery (n=20). Gene expression of ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and adipocyte markers were analysed. ADRB3 were also investigated by western blotting. The effects of isoproterenol, ADRB3 agonists (CL316243, BRL37344), ADBR1 blocker (metoprolol), ADRB3 antagonist (SR59230A), nebivolol (D and L mixture as well as both pure enantiomers) on lipolysis (free glycerol production) and UCP1 expression (evaluated by Real Time PCR-TaqMan assay) were studied  in vitro .   Results.  Ex-vivo tissue and adipocytes expressed all ADRB receptors, hormone sensitive lipase, and adipocyte markers (adiponectin and leptin). ADRB3 mRNA and protein were expressed in variable amounts. As expected, isoproterenol and ADRB3 agonists induced frank lipolysis whereas non-vasodilating β1 blockers did not. ADBR3 antagonist did not induce lipolysis. Nebivolol induced significant lipolysis (about 2.8-fold, p=0.026) that was mediated by the L-enantiomer (about 50% of the isoproterenol-induced lipolysis at same concentrations). Pre-incubation for 30’ with SR59230A induced a blockade of the lipolytic effects of L-nebivolol and nebivolol. Only nebivolol was able to induce UCP1 gene expression (about 3-fold, P=0.032).   Conclusions.  Nebivolol activates ADRB3-mediated lipolysis and induces UCP1 gene expression in human visceral adipocytes, a pathway known to lead to thermogenesis and weight loss. Treatment of obese hypertensive patients with nebivolol reduce blood pressure but also could induce positive metabolic effect acting on visceral adipose tissue.
Abstract 14380: Effects of Highly Absorptive Curcumin on Systolic and Diastolic Function in Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Tatsuya Morimoto, Hiromichi Wada, Yoichi Sunagawa, Masatoshi Fujita, Hideaki Kakeya, Hiroki Sasaki, Atsushi Imaizumi, Tadashi Hashimoto, Masaharu Akao, Genta Osakada, Hirofumi Kambara, Osamu Doi, Hiroki Shiomi, Takeshi Kimura, Akira Shimatsu, Koji Hasegawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Signals activated by increased hemodynamic overload to the heart finally reach nuclei of cardiomyocytes, change patterns of gene expression and cause their maladaptive hypertrophy. Acetyla...
Abstract 5413: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Type 4 Gene Variants and Response to Antihypertensive Medication
Authors: Hironobu Sanada, Junichi Yatabe, Midori Sasaki Yatabe, Hirohide Yokokawa, Scott Williams, Jacquelaine Bartlett, Zheng Wang, Robin Felder, Pedro A Jose
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Renal dopamine counteracts the prohypertensive and sodium retaining actions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In genetic hypertension, the ability of dopamine to counteract the actions of the RAS is impaired by an increased constitutive activity of genetic variants of G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) that desensitize DRD1 dopamine receptors. Selective renal silencing of Grk4 improves DRD1 function and ameliorates the hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. GRK4 γ wild-type transgenic mice are normotensive and salt-resistant; GRK4 γ 142V transgenic mice are hypertensive while Grk4 γ 486V transgenic mice are salt-sensitive. Renal Grk4 and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) interact to regulate blood pressure (BP) in rats and GRK4 γ 142V transgenic mice. We tested the association between essential hypertension in 1102 Japanese (616 cases and 486 controls) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/markers in the genes encoding GRK4, ACE, angiotensinogen, AT1R, aldosterone synthase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, DRD1, and GNB3. In addition, GRK4 genotype and the response to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) without or with diuretic therapy in 161 Japanese with mild essential hypertension (systolic[SBP]/diastolic [DBP]=148.5±3.3/92.9±2.9 mmHg, age 55±10 yrs) were examined. All three GRK4 SNPs (R65L, A142V, and A486V) associated with hypertension (allelic and genotypic tests, P&lt;4×10 −8 for all three markers). The GRK4 three variant haplotype odds ratio for hypertension was 2.49(P&lt;4×10 −14 ). In the responders to ARBs (n=67) BP decreased to 132.8±3.7/84.7±3.1 mmHg and was highly associated with the GRK4142V (P&lt;0.003). The absolute decrease in SBP and DBP in response to ARB was also associated with GRK4142V (P&lt;0.007). The addition of a diuretic (bumetanide) to the non-responders (n=94) decreased BP (127.8±5.0/84.4±2.7, n=47) which was associated with GRK4A486V (P&lt;0.005). The GRK4 variant 142V may be both strongly predisposing to essential hypertension and predictive of the initial response to ARB monotherapy while the GRK4 variant 486V may be predictive of the response to dual therapy with an ARB and a diuretic. Therefore, pharmacogenetics of GRK4 is important in guiding the therapy for hypertension.
Abstract 12964: Acute Atrial Ischemia Increases the Activity of BMS-394136, a Selective IKur Inhibitor, on Atrial Refractoriness and APD
Authors: Dezhi Xing, Jialong Zhu, Huabin Sun, James Hennan, Paul Levesque
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: We previously reported that a selective IKur inhibitor, BMS-394136, dose-dependently prolonged atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and action potential duration (APD) without ef...
Surveillance of Hospitalisations for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) in the Netherlands, 5 June – 31 December 2009
Authors: T M van ‘t Klooster, C C Wielders, T Donker, L Isken, A Meijer, C C van den Wijngaard, M A van der Sande, W van der Hoek
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We analysed and reported on a weekly basis clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalised in the Netherlands for the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) using information from the national mandatory notification system. The notification criteria changed on 15 August 2009 from all possible, probable and confirmed cases to only laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza hospitalisations and deaths. In the period of comprehensive case-based surveillance (until 15 August), 2% (35/1,622) of the patients with pandemic influenza were hospitalised. From 5 June to 31 December 2009, a total of 2,181 patients were hospitalised. Of these, 10% (219/2,181) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and 53 died. Among non-ICU hospitalised patients, 56% (961/1,722) had an underlying medical condition compared with 70% (147/211) of the patients in ICU and 46 of the 51 fatal cases for whom this information was reported. Most common complications were dehydration among non-ICU hospitalised patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients in ICU and patients who died. Children under the age of five years had the highest age-specific hospitalisation rate (62.7/100,000), but relatively few were admitted to an ICU (1.7/100,000). Characteristics and admission rates of hospitalised patients were comparable with reports from other countries and previous influenza seasons. The national notification system was well suited to provide weekly updates of relevant monitoring information on the severity of the pandemic for professionals, decision makers, the media and the public, and could be rapidly adapted to changing information requirements.
TV: 30 Days: Minimum Wage
Authors: Trevor Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Remember Morgan Spurlock, the US documentary maker who in the award winning film Super Size Me ate only McDonald's fast food for a month (see BMJ 2004;328: 1266)? Now Spurlock has swapped McDonalds for Mcjobs, in a bid to find out what it is like to live for 30 days on the US minimum wage—$5.15 (£2.90; €4.30) an hour. “Millions of Americans do full time jobs and still live below the poverty line,” he says. Can he and his fiancee, Alex, a vegan chef, hack it?

To make things realistic, the pair freeze their bank accounts and lock up their credit cards, taking only $356 dollars in total as their starting balance before heading off to Columbus, Ohio, to begin their experiment. “The state of affairs in Ohio mirrors conditions all over the US,” says Spurlock.

As they take an unfurnished apartment for $325 a month in a place appropriately named The Bottoms, their landlord tells them that the previous occupant was a “street person” and that there is a crack house downstairs. It is also freezing. Clearly this is all disturbingly new territory for Morgan and Alex, as is having to travel by bus. “People do it every day, which is something that I never thought about,” says Spurlock.

America's minimum wage has not increased since 1997, and many of the country's poor find that they are earning less now than they did in the mid-1970s. One of Spurlock's co-workers says, “I am making less money this morning than I did on my first job 29 years ago.”

The Mcjobs—washing dishes, making pizzas, making boxes, and landscaping—soon take their toll on Morgan and Alex, and they are struck by injury and illness. Without health insurance, they have to choose between one of America's free clinics—invariably oversubscribed and overwhelmed—or the emergency room. Queuing unsuccessfully at the free clinic, they meet a couple with diabetes, who explain that they cannot get health insurance. “What would you do if there wasn't this clinic?” Spurlock asks. “I don't know, I would probably kill myself,” he is told.

Pain eventually drives Morgan and Alex to the emergency room, and to crippling hospital bills. “I can't imagine how people pay this stuff off, making as little as we do,” says Alex.

This documentary, the first of a series of films about people trying out other people's lives, veers dangerously close towards becoming poverty tourism, and there are moments when Spurlock's upbeat commentary starts to grate. “It's different, dude, it's really different than a lot of people realise having to be in this situation,” he muses. But there is also something admirable about how wholeheartedly he and Alex enter into their low pay life and a sense of honesty that makes this film a valuable window on to what it is like to be poor in the world's richest country. “I only did this for a month,” says Spurlock. “Some people do it for their whole lives.”
Depression, Delusions, and Drug Response
Authors: A H Glassman, S J Kantor, M Shostak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Depressed patients with delusions were found to be markedly unresponsive to tricyclic drug therapy during an ongoing study of depressed patients. After four weeks of administration of imipramine hydrochloride, only 3 of 13 delusional depressed patients had responded to the drug, but 14 of 21 nondelusional depressed patients had responded. The authors conclude on the basis of these data and those of other researchers that delusional depressed patients should not be treated with tricyclic antidepressants and that current research with depressed patients should be reevaluated in the light of this finding.
Abstract 15309: Newly Designed Ceria Nanoparticle for the Therapy of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chi K Kim, Taeho Kim, Hyunduk Jang, Dohoung Kim, Taeghwan Hyeon, Seung-Hoon Lee
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: No reliable neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke has been identified for clinical practice. Ceria nanoparticles are known to exhibit potent free radical scavenging activity. In th...
Abstract 9713: Cigarette Smoking: Relationship with Inflammation, Arterial Stiffness, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: John W Mcevoy, Michael J Blaha, Joao A Lima, David A Bluemke, Gregory Hundley, James K Min, Leslee J Shaw, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Graham Barr, Matthew J Budoff, Roger S Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Smoking is a major reversible cardiovascular risk factor. Population studies, incorporating measures of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis, may provide a means to study the effects of smoking further. Methods: MESA is a population-based study of 6815 adults, free of baseline cardiovascular disease. We stratified participants based on smoking status into 3 groups: Never (NS), Former (FS), and Current (CS). FS and CS were further stratified into quartiles of pack-year history of tobacco exposure (PYH). We assessed cross-sectional associations of smoking with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], Fibrinogen, and InterleukinL-6), arterial stiffness (aortic distensibility by MRI), and subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT], and coronary artery calcification [CAC]) by robust linear regression as well as prevalence ratio regression using a generalized linear model and binomial error distribution, after adjustment for covariates. We excluded 23 participants without information on smoking status from the analysis. Results: CS comprised 887 (13%, mean age 58yrs), FS 2487 (37%, 63yrs) and NS 3418 (50%, 62yrs) participants. CS were more likely to be younger, male, Caucasian or African American, and have lower LDL-C. The 3 inflammatory markers studied were all elevated in CS. Compared to NS, the adjusted odds ratios for prevalence of CRP≥2 were 1.2 (p&lt;0.001) for former and 1.9 (p&lt;0.001) for CS, respectively. Amongst FS and CS, increased inflammation was noted in the highest quartile of PYH. Aortic distensibility was reduced in CS only, and no association was seen with PYH. However, cIMT and CAC were elevated in both FS and CS, with a greater burden of disease in the highest quartile of PYH. Conclusion: These findings suggest a dose-response association between smoking and markers of inflammation as well as measures of SCA. Only current smoking was associated with reduced aortic distensibility.
Domestic Violence in Mexico
Authors: Claudia Díaz Olavarrieta
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE MOST heavily populated city in the world, Mexico City, has only 1 shelter for battered women located in a working-class suburb distant from the metropolitan area. A converted house serves as the shelter with limited occupancy for 3 women. To be admitted to the shelter, a woman must show evidence that she is in the process of filing a legal claim against her partner. In Mexico, violence against women in their homes has remained, in most cases, out of the mainstream concerns of the medical profession, with relatively few publications on the subject in the medical literature. Change takes time. Almost 50 years ago, the phenomenon of violence in the home was rarely discussed as a medical problem anywhere in the world. Within the last 30 years, medical attention has increased, at first focusing on child abuse.<sup>1</sup>Domestic violence has been underreported as a consequence of what has
Faulty blood bags
Authors: J. Cash
Journal: BMJ (1995)

striking and highly significant improvement in the clinical outcome at three months was observed in the nimodipine limb.Among all 554 patients, 235 of whom underwent operation, a bleeding event led to nimodipine being stopped in only one patient.This patient suffered a colonic bleed of moderate severity, which the investigator reported as possibly being associated with nimodipine.The patient required a blood transfusion but recovered uneventfully."Bleeding" events were reported as an adverse event in two further patients, both of whom had received nimodipine.The first patient was reported to have a rash and haematoma on the back, which the investigator stated was almost certainly related to the use of ceftazidine.The second patient was reported as having thrombocytopenia and anaemia.This was observed 15 days after the treatment with nimodipine was completed, and the investigator reported that these adverse events were possibly related to atenolol, which the patient was receiving at the time.Thus the data from the British aneurysm nimodipine trial give little support to the findings reported by Wagenknecht and colleagues, which are possibly artefacts, reflecting the authors' post hoc analyses.
Approaching 90% sensitivity with new techniques
Authors: G. Leese, D. Broadbent, S. Harding, J. Vora
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Bob Ryder advocates screening for retinopathy by using two methods simultaneously.1 This is because none of the techniques available are sufficiently sensitive to use alone. Use of two techniques (for example, ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography) has yet to be shown to improve the overall sensitivity of the screening service, though it seems to be reasonably specific. Use of only one technique would be easier to administer and more acceptable to patients and is thus likely to have …
Stigma, depression, and somatization in South India
Authors: R Raguram, M G Weiss, S M Channabasavanna, G M Devins
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The relationships of stigma to both depression and somatization were studied in psychiatric patients in South India to test the hypothesis that stigma is positively related to depressive symptoms and negatively related to somatoform symptoms.Illness experience, symptom prominence, and indicators of stigma for 80 psychiatric outpatients were addressed with the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue. Stigma scores and ratings of symptom prominence were derived. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were administered to assess psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms of depression. Clinical narratives were analyzed to clarify the nature of relationships between stigma and symptom prominence.The mean stigma scores were 18.2 (SD = 13.0) for patients with somatoform disorders only, 36.0 (SD = 19.0) for patients with depressive disorders only, and 26.8 (SD = 16.0) for those with mixed depressive and somatoform disorders. The stigma scores were positively related to depressive symptoms, as indicated by Hamilton scale scores and prominence ratings for depressive symptoms, but stigma was inversely related to somatoform symptoms, as indicated by ratings of symptom prominence. Although both depressive and somatic symptoms were distressing, qualitative analysis clarified meanings of perceived stigma, showing that depressive symptoms, unlike somatic symptoms, were construed as socially disadvantageous.The tendency to perceive and report distress in psychological or somatic terms is influenced by various social and cultural factors, including the degree of stigma associated with particular symptoms. This study with the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue demonstrates how quantitative and qualitative methods can be effectively combined to examine key issues in cultural psychiatry.