tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Police violence and sexual risk among female and transvestite sex workers in Serbia: qualitative study
Authors: T. Rhodes, M. Simic, S. Baros, L. Platt, B. Zikic
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To explore female and transvestite sex workers' perceptions of risk in the sex work environment in Serbia.Qualitative interview study.Street based locations for sex work in Belgrade and Pancevo, Serbia.31 female and transvestite sex workers.Violence, including police violence, was reported as a primary concern in relation to risk. Violence was linked to unprotected sex and the reduced capacity for avoiding sexual risk. Participants reported that coerced sex was routinely provided to the police in exchange for freedom from detainment, arrest, or fine, and was enforced by the perceived threat of violence, sometimes realised. Accounts contained multiple instances of physical and sexual assault, presented as abuses of police authority, and described policing as a form of moral punishment. This was largely through non-physical means but was also enforced through physical violence, especially towards transvestite and Roma sex workers, whose experience of police violence was reported as relentless and brutal and connected with broader social forces of discrimination in this setting, especially towards Roma.Preventing violence towards sex workers, which can link with vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections, is a priority in Serbia. This requires monitoring perpetrators of violence, providing legal support to sex workers, and creating safer environments for sex work.
Screening for ovarian cancer: Authors' reply
Authors: T H Bourne, S Campbell, W P Collins
Journal: BMJ (1993)

vation.A specificity of 890/o would not be adequate to prompt surgical exploration, but the serum markers could be used to prompt transvaginal sonogrphy.This would considerably reduce the number of transvaginal sonograms required in a screening strategy.As the panel of three markers distinguishes malignant from benign pelvic masses with a specificity of approximately 50%, half of the false positive results obtained with transvaginal sonography might also be eliminated.The specificity of this strategy is currently being tested.In the long term a combination of modalities is likely to provide a more sensitive and specific screening strategy than either serum markers or transvaginal sonography alone.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Michael Bernhard Pitton, Ralf Patrick Schmenger, Achim Neufang, Moritz Anton Konerding, Christoph Düber, Manfred Thelen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The purpose of the present study was to systematically analyze the histopathologic organization processes in excluded aneurysms after endovascular stenting and to develop a noninvasive monitoring method for these processes using MRI.In 36 mongrel dogs, autologous aortic aneurysms were created. Endovascular treatment was performed using covered stents. Follow-up was after 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months. MRI was performed with T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences and T1-weighted spin-echo sequences and was repeated after contrast bolus with gadolinium. Histopathologic findings were correlated to signal intensities (SIs) of MRI images. SIs of distinct areas were analyzed and related to the SI of the reference tissue (SI ratio). The histological organization process was gradated in the following 4 classes: class 0, detritus without organization; classes I and II, connective tissue proliferation with increasing fiber synthesis; and class III, dense fibrous connective tissue. The SI ratios of T2-weighted images were significantly reduced from 4.76 in detritus (0) to 1.70 in dense fibrous connective tissue (III) as a function of histopathologic classes. SI ratios of T1-weighted images were reduced from 1.84 (0) to 1.12 (III). Contrast bolus with gadolinium-DTPA showed no change of SI ratio in detritus (0.99) but an increase from 1.12 (I) to 1.70 (III) as organization increased.The histological organization of excluded aneurysms can be monitored by MRI. Progressive organization is indicated by decreasing SIs in T2- and an increasing signal increase in T1-weighted images after gadolinium bolus.
Vagal and Antral Influences on Feline Gastric Secretion
Authors: Janice M. Pearl
Journal: JAMA (1967)

It has long been suspected that psychic stress in man can be translated by the autonomic nervous system into a gastroduodenal environment favoring ulcerogenesis. The ulcerogenic potential of central autonomic lesions or stimulation, although presumptive in man, is well established in several species of laboratory animals.<sup>1</sup> Marked alterations in gastric secretion and histology have been observed during central autonomic stimulation—changes which appear to depend on vagal innervation.<sup>2-6</sup>The increased secretory response of denervated fundic pouches to acetylcholine lavage of the antrum has provided further evidence for the importance of the antral factor as a stimulant to gastric secretion during central autonomic stimulation (J. M. Pearl, MD, and A. S. Leonard, MD, PhD, unpublished data). The following experiments were undertaken to define the role of the peripheral vagus nerve and the antrum in the secretion of acid, pepsin, and mucus by the feline gastric mucosa during central autonomic nervous
Questions Concerning Nasal Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation vs Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure—Reply
Authors: Jucille Meneses, Vineet Bhandari, Joao Guilherme Alves
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Rna interference: applications in vertebrates
Authors: Frederic Bushman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

One of the most unexpected findings in recent years has been the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). The story started with paradoxical results from manipulations of model organisms such as plants and worms. For example, addition of supernumerary copies of a pigment gene to a petunia, designed to increase the color intensity in the flower, in fact had the opposite of the desired effect—flowers became less colorful instead of more so [1]. In the worm C. elegans, attempts to modulated genes with DNA antisense were at most partially successful, but a control using double-stranded RNA yielded very efficient suppression of gene expression [2].
Cytidine Deaminase Axis Modulated by miR-484 Differentially Regulates Cell Proliferation and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fu-Gui Ye, Chuan-Gui Song, Zhi-Gang Cao, Chen Xia, Dan-Na Chen, Li Chen, Shan Li, Feng Qiao, Hong Ling, Ling Yao, Xin Hu, Zhi-Ming Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract There has been little study of how the evolution of chemoresistance in cancer affects other aspects of disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that an important chemoresistance axis driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA) also acts to suppress cell-cycle progression by regulating cyclin E–CDK2 signaling. We found that CDA was regulated by miR-484 in a gemcitabine-resistant model of breast cancer. Elevating miR-484 expression reversed the CDA effects, thereby enhancing gemcitabine sensitivity, accelerating cell proliferation, and redistributing cell-cycle progression. Conversely, elevating CDA to restore its expression counteracted the chemosensitization and cell proliferative effects of miR-484. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, CDA expression was frequently downregulated and inversely correlated with miR-484 expression. Moreover, high expression of CDA was associated with prolonged disease-free survival in studied cohorts. Collectively, our findings established that miR-484–modulated CDA has a dual impact in promoting chemoresistance and suppressing cell proliferation in breast cancer, illustrating the pathogenic tradeoffs associated with the evolution of chemoresistance in this malignant disease. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1504–15. ©2015 AACR.
Operative Work Loads in One Hospital's General Surgical Residency Program
Authors: Edward F. X. Hughes, Eugene M. Lewit, Elizabeth H. Rand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Residents training in medical specialties represent an expanding, expensive and largely unstudied pool of medical manpower. This study applies quantification technics to the operative work loads of 41 general surgical residents in a university-affiliated municipal hospital. Operative work loads of 0.7 to 3.0 hernia equivalents per week and mean operative complexities of 1.04 to 1.63 hernia equivalents over the first four years of training suggest underutilization of operative and possibly nonoperative skills. Chief residents performed 8.2 hernia equivalents per week, almost equal to the work loads of all other residents combined. In the aggregate, the residents performed surgery 21 per cent more complex than a population of 19 general surgeons practicing in a neighboring community. The results suggest that efficiencies may be gained through a diminution in the number of residents and in the duration of training, and through more effective tailoring of training to the job to be done in practice. (N Engl J Med 289:660–666, 1973)
Environmental factors affecting chemoreceptors: an overview.
Authors: B P Halpern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Vertebrate olfactory and gustatory receptors are necessarily exposed to the fluid which contains their relevant chemosensory environment. In terrestrial mammals, the nasal airways serve as protective accessory tissues for the olfactory receptors, but tastes receptors in all vertebrates and olfactory receptors in fish are directly exposed to the liquids which bring chemosensory stimuli to them. The differentiated epithelial cells which form taste buds and the specialized neurons which are the vertebrate olfactory receptors are constantly replaced in normal adult animals, suggesting that chemosensory function per se is damaging to the receptors. Organic and sulfur-containing air pollutants may be among those which adversely affect olfactory receptors, but adequate data are not available. Surfactants and heavy metals can produce physiological and/or morphological damage in gustatory receptors. Some heavy metals are concentrated in saliva, a liquid which interacts closely with taste receptors. A failure to evaluate human chemosensory function in relation to potential chemosensory toxicants accounts for the present inability to specify the incidence of the problem.
Abstract 1903: Up-regulation of vitamin B1 homeostasis genes in breast cancer.
Authors: Jason Zastre, Brad Hanberry, Rebecca Sweet, Cary McGinnis, Kristen Venuti, Michael Bartlett, Raj Govindarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant cells exhibit alterations in metabolic enzymes requiring an adequate supply of cofactors to support enzymatic activity. In particular, Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is an important component of cellular growth and metabolism within all cells, functioning as an essential enzyme cofactor in key metabolic pathways within in the glycolytic network. Intracellular availability of thiamine is facilitated by the activity of thiamine transporters and the conversion of thiamine to the active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) by thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK1). Therefore, the objective was to establish if the cellular determinants regulating thiamine homeostasis differ between breast cancer and normal breast epithelia. This work will aid in linking the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells with the adaptive regulation of thiamine homeostasis. This may provide a molecular basis for dietary interventions and new therapeutic targets directed towards cancer cell metabolism. Methods: cDNA arrays of breast cancer and normal breast tissues were employed to determine expression of SLC19A2, SLC19A3, SLC25A19 and TPK-1. Western blotting was used to determine whole cell protein expression. To test the extent of cell surface localization of the transporters, cell surface proteins were biotinylated and run on Western Blot. Transport assays were used to quantify thiamine transport and free thiamine levels in breast cancer cell lines compared to human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Results: SLC19A2, SLC25A19 and TPK-1were found to be significantly up-regulated in clinical tissues and breast cancer cell lines 6.48 (P=0.0013), 5.97 (P=0.0003), and 2.33 (P=0.0063) folds, respectively. Additionally, thiamine transporters THTR1 and THTR2 exhibited different cellular localization and expression depending on the ER status of the cancer cell. The increase in thiamine homeostasis genes correlated with an increase in intracellular free thiamine levels but not with the coenzyme TPP. Conclusions: Overall, these findings demonstrate an adaptive response by breast cancer cells to bolster an increase in the cellular availability of thiamine. Citation Format: Jason Zastre, Brad Hanberry, Rebecca Sweet, Cary McGinnis, Kristen Venuti, Michael Bartlett, Raj Govindarajan. Up-regulation of vitamin B1 homeostasis genes in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1903. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1903
Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene and Protein Expression Are Upregulated by Bacille Calmette&amp;ndash;Gu&amp;eacute;rin in the Rat Bladder
Authors: Bong R. Oh, Koichi Nakajima, Kyu Y. Ahn, Soo B. Ryu, Yang I. Park, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: European Urology (2001)
A Comparison of Digoxin and Dobutamine in Patients with Acute Infarction and Cardiac Failure
Authors: Richard A. Goldstein, Eugene R. Passamani, Robert Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The hemodynamic effects of dobutamine were compared with those of digoxin in six patients with cardiac failure within 24 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction. Dobutamine (8.5 μg per kilogram of body weight per minute) was given intravenously for 30 minutes and then discontinued until hemodynamics returned toward base line. Digoxin (12.5 μg per kilogram) was then given intravenously, and hemodynamics were recorded for 90 minutes. Dobutamine decreased left ventricular filling pressure (from 22.3 to 9.8 mm Hg, P<0.02) and systemic vascular resistance (1686±188 to 1259±108 dynes · sec · cm−5), and increased cardiac index (from 2.4 to 3.2 liters per minute per square meter of body-surface area, P<0.005) and stroke work index (from 24.6 to 36.6 g · m per square meter, P<0.02), without changing heart rate or arterial pressure. In contrast, digoxin had no effect on filling pressure (18.3 versus 17.0) and only a slight effect on cardiac index (2.2 versus 2.4, P<0.05) and stroke work index (21.9 versus 27.6, P<0.05). Thus, dobutamine markedly increased cardiac output, decreased filling pressure, and relieved pulmonary congestion. Digoxin did not affect preload or afterload. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:846–50.)
Diffuse Immunoblastic Sarcoma from Benign Lymphoid Proliferation
Authors: JAMES L. WADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

ExcerptTo the editor: The recent report of B-cell lymphomas in homosexual men (1) documents an important aspect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. All six patients described had B-cell lymphomas, and five had a monoclonal light chain surface immunoglobulin. This finding supports the premise that in the background of immunosuppression, a stimulus to B cells can trigger neoplastic growth of a single clone. This phenomenon has been described recently by Cleary and colleagues (2) in patients who had cardiac transplantation; these ten patients with lymphoma also had a monoclonal proliferation of malignant B cells. However, lymphomas that arise in immunosuppressed patients...
Osteopathy and the Law
Authors: Edwin J. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome predispose to systemic lupus erythematosus?
Authors: H. Mitsui, M. Komine, T. Watanabe, K. Kikuchi, H. Okochi, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary We report a Japanese patient with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the second case report of HPS complicated with SLE. A 1‐bp duplication of adenine at codon 441 was found in the HPS gene, namely HPS1, which caused a frameshift. This case serves as evidence indicating that a patient with HPS can be predisposed to SLE.
Fundamentals of Inhalation Therapy
Authors: William H. L. Dornette
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The development and importance of inhalation therapy as a subspecialty of medicine during the past decade or so has been overshadowed by other advances in medicine, notably in the surgical sciences. Yet, unquestionably many of these other advances have been made possible or enhanced by proper pulmonary evaluation, preparation, and treatment of the patient. The science of inhalation therapy as we know it today revolves about five factors: appreciation of the underlying pathologic physiology which dictates the need for this mode of treatment; understanding of pertinent chemical and physical principles; precise evaluation of pulmonary function of candidates for therapy; perfection of equipment for administering therapy; and widespread establishment of inhalation therapy schools and departments. A book or manual has been sorely needed which encompasses a consideration of all of these factors. Egan's book more than adequately meets that need. The author begins by considering the physics and chemistry of pertinent
Typhoid Perforation Data Wanted.
Authors: W. D. Haggard
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Nashville, Tenn., April 17, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I desire to request any surgeon who has operated for intestinal perforation or peritonitis in typhoid fever, to send me the data of the cases and reference, if they have been published, under the following heads: Age. Sex. Severity of the fever. Symptoms of perforation. Abdominal signs. Date of disease when perforation occurs. Length of time after perforation before operation. Leucocytosis (if any tests). Description of findings at operation. Site of perforation. Result. Remarks. I have collected 261 cases in the literature, and feel sure that many more have remained unfound or unreported. For the purpose of a complete statistical investigation of this important surgical problem, I respectfully request the above reports at as early a date as possible.
Roentgenographic Diagnosis of Unilateral Exophthalmos
Authors: Judah Zizmor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Unilateral exophthalmos exists when there is unilateral proptosis measurable by exophthalmometry. Routine roentgenographic examination of the orbit provides specific evidence of abnormality in about 50% of such cases.<sup>1</sup>Supplementary orbital pneumotomography, angiography, and orbitography with opaque medium give even more evidence of abnormality. Unilateral exophthalmos is most frequently caused by thyroid dysfunction; it is also found in primary orbital disease and may be secondary to extension of disease from adjacent bone, skin, sinuses, nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, or brain. Neoplastic metastases, vascular malformation, infections or parasitic infestations, reticuloendothelioses, autoimmune diseases, fractures, or foreign bodies may also be implicated.<sup>2-4</sup> <h3>Examination Procedure.—</h3> Examination of the orbit for unilateral exophthalmos may include (1) complete routine skull examination with stereoscopic or nonstereoscopic roentgenograms including Caldwell, Waters, right and left oblique optic foramen, base, and lateral views; (2) tomography of the orbits and antra; (3) pneumotomography<sup>5</sup>of the orbits; (4) arteriography<sup>6,7</sup>
Identification of the Human Mature B Cell miRNome
Authors: Katia Basso, Pavel Sumazin, Pavel Morozov, Christof Schneider, Roy L. Maute, Yukiko Kitagawa, Jonathan Mandelbaum, Joseph Haddad, Chang-Zheng Chen, Andrea Califano, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Case of Amputation of the Arm, Performed under the Influence of Aether: Abnormal Distribution of the Brachial Artery
Authors: C. Anderton
Journal: BMJ (1847)

ter die.Mild diet.18th.From this time W. R. soon recovered.I kept him a close prisoner for some days, and applied Argenti Nitras to the uvula, which was ulcerated at its free end.REMARKs.-Thic case forcibly illustrates the value of tartar emetic in affections of the larynx.Vomiting always affords relief; and the prostration occasioned by the combined effect of bleeding and tartar emetic subdues inflammation and relaxes spasm.The mercury was of course a precautionary measure, to ]keep up the anti.inflammatoryaction, and check effusion, &c., but in these very urgent cases tartar emetic is the sheet- anchor.
2 or more medical errors with adverse consequences, affecting 2.6% of patients, increased mortality in intensive care units
Authors: Peter Dodek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Garrouste-Orgeas M, Timsit JF, Vesin A, et al. Selected medical errors in the intensive care unit: results of the IATROREF study: parts I and II. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:134−42. 19875690