tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular evolution of the nuclear von Willebrand factor gene in mammals and the phylogeny of rodents
Authors: D. Huchon, F. M. Catzeflis, E. J. Douzery
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Nucleotide sequences of exon 28 of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) were analyzed for a representative sampling of rodent families and eutherian orders, with one marsupial sequence as outgroup. The aim of this study was to test if inclusion of an increased taxonomic diversity in molecular analyses would shed light on three uncertainties concerning rodent phylogeny: (1) relationships between rodent families, (2) Rodentia monophyly, and (3) the sister group relationship of rodents and lagomorphs. The results did not give evidence of any particular rodent pattern of molecular evolution relative to a general eutherian pattern. Base compositions and rates of evolution of vWF sequences of rodents were in the range of placental variation. The 10 rodent families studied here cluster in five clades: Hystricognathi, Sciuridae and Aplodontidae (Sciuroidea), Muridae, Dipodidae, and Gliridae. Among hystricognaths, the following conclusions are drawn: a single colonization event in South America by Caviomorpha, a paraphyly of Old World and New World porcupines, and an African origin for Old World porcupines. Despite a broader taxonomic sampling diversity, we did not obtain a robust answer to the question of Rodentia monophyly, but in the absence of any other alternative, we cannot reject the hypothesis of a single origin of rodents. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of Lagomorpha remains totally unsettled.
Alternate-Day Steroid Therapy For Nephrotic Children
Authors: Lester F. Soyka
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Prolonged high-dosage steroid therapy is recognized as the treatment of choice in the management of childhood nephrosis. It substantially reduces morbidity and mortality and produces a definite improvement in prognosis. Unfortunately, such therapy is accompanied not only by the clinical stigmata of hyperadrenocorticism, but also by cessation of growth, convulsions, hypertension, osteoporosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding.  A program which was effective, yet minimized these untoward reactions to prolonged steroid therapy, would constitute a major therapeutic advance. The results of intermittent corticosteroid treatment of adults with asthma and a variety of other clinical conditions reported by Harter et al 1 were therefore of great interest. They found a reduction in the incidence and severity of side effects when a single dose of prednisone, equal to the two-day requirement, was given every 48 hours. The 48-hour interval was necessary because intervals between doses of 12, 24, and 36 hours were accompanied by adrenal
Radio: Let the children do the talking
Authors: P. Gringras
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Tuning Into Children , BBC Radio 4, Wednesdays at 11 am, 26 January to 1 March



Kirsty Wark asks too many leading questions

(Credit: BBC)



Radio 4's daytime programming is a curious mix of arts and sciences: intellectual debate is interspersed with poetry and jazz, information and entertainment go hand in hand. The recipe continues in the second series of Tuning Into Children , presented by Kirsty Wark, the ever popular BBC anchorwoman. The first series explored child development from birth to 5 years old, and the current one looks at issues affecting 5 to 9 year olds. Over six programmes, we “tune in” to children talking frankly about their identity, relationships, family, and schooling. Kirsty Wark listens to them in the company of an expert—an academic from the world of child psychiatry, psychology, or education—so that we are guided …
The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Richard H. White
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs for the first time in approximately 100 persons per 100,000 each year in the United States, and rises exponentially from <5 cases per 100,000 persons <15 years old to approximately 500 cases (0.5%) per 100,000 persons at age 80 years. Approximately one third of patients with symptomatic VTE manifest pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas two thirds manifest deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alone. Despite anticoagulant therapy, VTE recurs frequently in the first few months after the initial event, with a recurrence rate of approximately 7% at 6 months. Death occurs in approximately 6% of DVT cases and 12% of PE cases within 1 month of diagnosis. The time of year may affect the occurrence of VTE, with a higher incidence in the winter than in the summer. One major risk factor for VTE is ethnicity, with a significantly higher incidence among Caucasians and African Americans than among Hispanic persons and Asian-Pacific Islanders. Overall, approximately 25% to 50% of patient with first-time VTE have an idiopathic condition, without a readily identifiable risk factor. Early mortality after VTE is strongly associated with presentation as PE, advanced age, cancer, and underlying cardiovascular disease.
UNTOWARD EFFECTS FROM SKIN GRAFTS
Authors: Hans May
Journal: JAMA (1960)

An autogenous skin graft may regenerate in all its parts if the "take" is complete. In this manner the missing eyebrow can be replaced with a hairbearing full-thickness graft from the scalp. Some of the hair may fall out after the transplantation, but the surviving hair follicles will again grow hair of the same quality and in the same direction as it grew on the donor area. If the hair growth on a skin graft is unintentional, however, this can become embarrassing. Hence, skin grafts to be used for lining cavities such as the eye socket, buccal sulcus, or vagina, and for replacement of skin of other hairless regions, should not only be taken from a hairless region of the body but the donor area should not be shaved preoperatively. This lesson was learned from the experience with the following cases. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A large full-thickness graft
Nursing Shortage Confirmed
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Tuberculosis Infection With Increased Time in or Admission to the New York City Jail System
Authors: Eran Y. Bellin, David D. Fletcher, Steven M. Safyer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To establish the association between time spent in jail or number of jail admissions and development of tuberculosis in a cohort of inmates incarcerated without evidence of tuberculosis infection on entry.Nested case-control design within a prospective cohort. A cohort of 2636 tuberculin skin test-negative inmates incarcerated in 1985 was matched against the Tuberculosis Registry of New York City. Each case of tuberculosis reported prior to May 15, 1992, was assigned to three randomly selected controls from the cohort. We determined time spent in jail by reviewing the computer records of the New York City Inmate Information System. Conditional logistic regression modeling was performed to establish the association of jail time with the development of tuberculosis.New York City Jail.Sixty inmates developed tuberculosis by May 15, 1992. Eighty-five percent of these had pulmonary tuberculosis. Univariate analysis identified the number of jail admissions (P = .02), age greater than or equal to 30 years (P = .001), and assignment to a methadone detoxification unit (P = .001) as significant in predicting tuberculosis. Multivariate modeling identified these same variables and jail time as significant. One year of jail time increased the odds of tuberculosis to 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.4).The demonstrated association between jail time or jail admissions and development of tuberculosis suggests that the New York City jail system may be an important amplification point in the ongoing tuberculosis epidemic, deserving significant public health attention.
Double-blind as a BHAT
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In assessing the "double-blindness" of the β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial, Byington and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have contributed an important set of observations. Their importance is magnified by the perceptive and well-written editorial of Dr Morgan.<sup>2</sup>The next question that the authors may wish to deal with is: What were the results in those patients receiving placebo who believed they were on a drug regimen in comparison with the others receiving placebo and with those receiving drug? (Other potential subgroup comparisons are obvious.) The statistics on their outcomes must be readily available to the authors and, if significant differences can be exposed, would further affect the overall interpretation of the trial results.
Phase 1/2 Open-label Dose-escalation Study of Plasmid DNA Expressing Two Isoforms of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Patients With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Senda Ajroud-Driss, Mark Christiansen, Jeffrey A Allen, John A Kessler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of intramuscular injections of plasmid DNA (VM202) expressing two isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in subjects with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). Twelve patients in three cohorts (4, 8, and 16 mg) received two sets of VM202 injections separated by two weeks. Safety and tolerability were evaluated and the visual analog scale (VAS), the short form McGill questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the brief pain inventory for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (BPI-DPN) measured pain level throughout 12 months after treatment. No serious adverse events (AEs) were observed. The mean VAS was reduced from baseline by 47.2% (P = 0.002) at 6 months and by 44.1% (P = 0.005) at 12 months after treatment. The VAS scores for the 4, 8, and 16 mg dose cohorts at 6 months follow-up decreased in a dose–responsive manner, by 21% (P = 0.971), 53% (P = 0.014), and 62% (P = 0.001), respectively. The results with the BPI-DPN and SF-MPQ showed patterns similar to the VAS scores. In conclusion, VM202 treatment appeared to be safe, well tolerated, and sufficient to provide long term symptomatic relief and improvement in the quality of life in patients with PDPN. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of intramuscular injections of plasmid DNA (VM202) expressing two isoforms of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in subjects with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). Twelve patients in three cohorts (4, 8, and 16 mg) received two sets of VM202 injections separated by two weeks. Safety and tolerability were evaluated and the visual analog scale (VAS), the short form McGill questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and the brief pain inventory for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (BPI-DPN) measured pain level throughout 12 months after treatment. No serious adverse events (AEs) were observed. The mean VAS was reduced from baseline by 47.2% (P = 0.002) at 6 months and by 44.1% (P = 0.005) at 12 months after treatment. The VAS scores for the 4, 8, and 16 mg dose cohorts at 6 months follow-up decreased in a dose–responsive manner, by 21% (P = 0.971), 53% (P = 0.014), and 62% (P = 0.001), respectively. The results with the BPI-DPN and SF-MPQ showed patterns similar to the VAS scores. In conclusion, VM202 treatment appeared to be safe, well tolerated, and sufficient to provide long term symptomatic relief and improvement in the quality of life in patients with PDPN.
Paravertebral Infection (Phlegmon) Demonstrated by FDG Dual-Head Coincidence Imaging in a Patient With Multiple Malignancies
Authors: Quyen H. Nguyen, Edwin Szeto, Robert Mansberg, Victor Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 66-year-old woman was referred for a bone scan to assess back pain on a background of breast cancer, melanoma, and rheumatic heart disease. The scan appearance was suspicious for a localized soft tissue neoplasm. An FDG coincidence positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated a large FDG-avid soft tissue abnormality. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a subsequent needle biopsy. This case illustrates the use of FDG-PET in infection imaging, as well as demonstrating the potential pitfalls in nuclear oncology. Because FDG is not tumor-specific, accumulation in benign lesions may give rise to false-positive results despite a high pretest probability for malignancy.
Drug company boards often include academic medical center officials, says US study
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Four in 10 of the world’s leading drug companies have at least one board member who also serves in a leadership position at an academic medical center, a new study has found.1

In the study researchers looked at the membership of the board of directors of the 50 largest drug companies on the basis of global prescription drug sales. The researchers considered medical center …
Measles Virus Antibody in Cerebrospinal Fluids from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: A. A. Salmi, M. Panelius, P. Halonen, U. K. Rinne, K. Penttinen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A strong measles-specific gel precipitation reaction was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) of two patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.) (total of 15 tested). The serum and C.S.F. specimens from these two patients were tested for measles antibody by six assay methods. The results were compared with those obtained from serum and C.S.F. specimens of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (S.S.P.E.). The gel precipitation line produced by the C.S.F. from the M.S. patients was identical with one of the three lines produced by the C.S.F. from the S.S.P.E. patient. The main antigenic component responsible for measles antibody appearing in the C.S.F. of the S.S.P.E. patient and the M.S. patients was also electrophoretically similar, and the corresponding antibody was associated with IgG. The serum/C.S.F. antibody titre ratios with the various assay methods used suggest that the C.S.F. antibodies are mainly to other than envelope components of measles virus. No complement-fixing antibody against 27 other viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in the C.S.F. of the two M.S. patients.
PREDICTORS OF IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AND RECOVERY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH STRESS INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN KOREA: STRESS INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY REGISTRY DATA
Authors: Geu-Ru Hong, Hynu Su Jo, Chang Woo Son, Sang Hee Lee, Jong Sun Park, Dong Gu Shin, Young Jo Kim, Hyung Seop Kim, Kee Sik Kim, So Yeon Kim, Yong Hyun Park, Kyoung Im Cho, Jang Young Kim, Kyung Soon Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders with pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia are associated with a T-helper-17 cytokine profile and infiltrating granulocytes
Authors: Joan Guitart, Maria Estela Martinez-Escala, Janyana M.D. Deonizio, Pedram Gerami, Marshall E. Kadin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Dengue virus induces thrombomodulin expression in human endothelial cells and monocytes in vitro
Authors: Lien-Cheng Chen, Huey-Wen Shyu, Hui-Min Lin, Huan-Yao Lei, Yee-Shin Lin, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, Trai-Ming Yeh
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Sustaining general practice
Authors: N. D L Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

worry about their baby (both antenatally and postnatally), more likely to have negative views about their baby, and more likely to be dissatisfied by the number of antenatal visits they received.This finding is compatible with earlier observational data from Aberdeen which catalysed reassessment of antenatal care in Britain.8In the Scottish trial, both groups expressed high and similar levels of satisfaction, but the groups made similar numbers of antenatal clinic visits.In England and Wales, maternity units are investigating ways of implementing the Cumberlege report, Changing Childbirth, with its emphasis on woman centred care and
The Farmer and the Obstetrician
Authors: L. S. Acheson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sleep apnoea in acromegaly.
Authors: W H Perks, P M Horrocks, R A Cooper, S Bradbury, A Allen, N Baldock, K Prowse, W van't Hoff
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Day time somnolence or excessive snoring, or both, occurred in five out of 11 patients with acromegaly. All five had episodes of sleep apnoea, and three had the sleep apnoea syndrome. Growth hormone concentrations were higher (p less than 0.025) in these patients than in the six patients without these symptoms. One patient with daytime somnolence and one asymptomatic patient had flow loop evidence of upper airways obstruction. Two of the patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome had cardiomegaly. Sleep apnoea appears to be common and clinically important in acromegaly, and it may be central, obstructive, or mixed. Polygraphic nocturnal monitoring is indicated to assess these patients properly.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Protect Contacts of Patients with Tuberculosis
Authors: Jonathan L. Zelner, Megan B. Murray, Mercedes C. Becerra, Jerome Galea, Leonid Lecca, Roger Calderon, Rosa Yataco, Carmen Contreras, Zibiao Zhang, Bryan T. Grenfell, Ted Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Individuals living with patients with tuberculosis (TB) are at elevated risk of infection and disease, with children at greatest risk. The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for HIV-positive contacts and those younger than 5 years. Despite these recommendations, household-level IPT programs are rarely implemented in high TB burden settings. Evidence is scarce about the age-specific efficacy of interventions, such as IPT and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination for preventing TB disease among exposed contacts.We estimate the age-specific efficacy of IPT and BCG for preventing TB disease using data from a large observational prospective cohort study of household contacts of patients with TB in Lima, Peru.We identified all adults (>15 yr) with incident pulmonary TB (index cases) diagnosed at 106 public health centers in Lima from September 2009 to August 2012. Among 14,041 household contacts (of 3,446 index cases) assessed for infection and disease during the year-long follow-up period, we identified 462 additional TB cases. We estimate risk ratios (RR) for pulmonary TB associated with BCG, IPT, and latent TB infection.BCG confers protection against coprevalent and incident TB among HIV-negative children younger than 10 years (RR, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.66). IPT confers protection against incident TB among HIV-negative contacts younger than 30 years (RR, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.54). Risk of incident TB associated with latent TB infection is greatest for children younger than 5 years and decreases with age.These findings support the use of IPT in older children and young-adult household contacts, in addition to children younger than 5 years.
Perforations of the Oesophagus
Authors: L. J. Temple
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDITSI RNAL935nine months later he was known to be well and with normal bowel action.Biopsy of the specimen removed at sigmoidoscopy showed a portion of normal rectal mucosa.Conmmei-t.This case emphasizes again the dangers inherent in the use of a sigmoidoscope.These dangers can be lessened, if not eliminated, by a thorough training.in the use of the instrument, a sound knowledge of the anatomy of the area, gentle handling without force, and, above all, good lighting to visualize the direction of the intestinal canal.If good visualization is impossible owing to persistent angulation of the bowel, or to faeces, blood, new growth, or other objects obscuring the lumen, the examination should be discontinued.Treatment.-Ifoperation is decided upon it should be performed as soon as the patient has sufficiently recovered from the shock of perforation.Treatment consists essen- tially in suturing the perforation, draining the pelvis, and performing a proximal colostomy.In a very few cases it may be considered wiser to treat the patient conservatively: these will mainly be cases in which perforation has not been recognized for tWenty-four hours or so, and in which localization of the infection already appears to be occurring.Perforation by Impalement These.bizarre wounds are of interest because of their comparative rarity and possible sequelae.The methods by
Health and Mental Health Problems of Homeless Men and Women in Baltimore
Authors: William R. Breakey, Pamela J. Fischer, Morton Kramer, Gerald Nestadt, Alan J. Romanoski, Alan Ross, Richard M. Royall, Oscar C. Stine
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A study of homeless people in Baltimore, Md, focused on their health and other characteristics, with special emphasis on their needs for services. In the first stage, 298 men and 230 women were randomly selected from the missions, shelters, and jail in Baltimore to respond to a baseline interview that provided extensive sociodemographic and health-related data. In the second stage, a subsample of 203 subjects was randomly selected from the baseline survey respondents to have systematic psychiatric and physical examinations. Data are presented from both stages. Data from the first stage demonstrate, among other things, the high levels of disaffiliation of this population and their heavy involvement in substance abuse. Data from the clinical examinations demonstrate the high prevalence of mental illnesses and other psychiatric disorders and of a wide range of physical disorders and confirm the high prevalence of alcohol abuse disorders. The high rates of comorbidity of these conditions is demonstrated and data are provided on the subjects' needs for mental health and substance abuse services.