tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Alan S. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The review of Ectopic Pregnancy, by Brenner et al (243:673, 1980), was thorough, except for the complete lack of mention of ultrasound as an aid in diagnosis.  Ultrasound diagnosis of both ruptured and intact ectopic pregnancies is well established. 1 The examination is readily available in most locales and provides a rapid diagnosis. Our incidence of unruptured ectopic pregnancies is higher than the 1% (three of 300) quoted by Brenner et al.  Also important is the ability of ultrasound to exclude the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in women with first-trimester bleeding, pelvic pain and adnexal mass. The demonstration of an intrauterine pregnancy makes the probability of an ectopic pregnancy remote. Concurrent intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancies occur in approximately one in 30,000 patients. 2   Ultrasound can provide the early diagnosis that will lead to earlier treatment and perhaps decreased maternal mortality.
From the other side
Authors: F. Signore
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Shall I compare thee to a...The five largest general medical journals like to refer to themselves as "the big five." This reminded Nairobi surgeon Imre Loefler of Africa's five big game animals, and he set about exploring the similarities in more detail.Next came ships.Given the opportunity for harmless fun and the chance to exact public revenge, we thought that other people might like to play this game, so we invited entries from visitors to our website (and one or two others).To Loefler's big game animals and ships were added cars, football teams, and Spice Girls.Taken together, they probably say more about the wellsprings of the male imagination than about medical journals.The game need not end here-submit your five-pack using the "rapid response" option on our website.
TUBERCULIN THERAPY IN UROLOGIC TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: STANLEY L. WANG
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Tuberculin has been used in the treatment of urologic tuberculosis for a good many years. Not long after Koch introduced tuberculin it was utilized in the treatment of tuberculosis of the genito-urinary tract. Since then clinical reports and data have accumulated down through the years which differ widely, varying from enthusiasts who believed tuberculin to be a cure to others who were positive that it was without value. Emerging from the mass of statistics and the great amount of work that has been done there is perhaps a discernible trend to the position properly occupied by tuberculin therapy in urologic tuberculosis. The reports of the results with tuberculin therapy logically divide into three groups. There were those who found it of value, others who were uncertain whether it was effective, and those who believed that it did not have any value. Among those who believed tuberculin therapy of value, Pardoe
Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An emerging menace
Authors: György Baffy, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Stephen H. Caldwell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide that primarily develops in cirrhosis resulting from chronic infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, alcoholic injury, and to a lesser extent from genetically determined disorders such as hemochromatosis. HCC has recently been linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as diabetes. This association is alarming due to the globally high prevalence of these conditions and may contribute to the rising incidence of HCC witnessed in many industrialized countries. There is also evidence that NAFLD acts synergistically with other risk factors of HCC such as chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic liver injury. Moreover, HCC may complicate non-cirrhotic NAFLD with mild or absent fibrosis, greatly expanding the population potentially at higher risk. Major systemic and liver-specific molecular mechanisms involved include insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, increased TNF signaling pathways, and alterations in cellular lipid metabolism. These provide new targets for prevention, early recognition, and effective treatment of HCC associated with NAFLD. Indeed, both metformin and PPAR gamma agonists have been associated with lower risk and improved prognosis of HCC. This review summarizes current evidence as it pertains to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of NAFLD-associated HCC.
Significance of low body weight in ovulatory dysfunction after stopping oral contraceptives.
Authors: K W Hancock, J S Scott, N M Panigraphi, S R Stitch
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a group of patients who developed ovulatory dysfunction on stopping oral contraception the mean body weight of those with previosly regular cycles was significantly lower than that of women who had had ovulatory dysfunction beforeoral contraception and also that of a control group. Women of low body weight may be at particular risk of developing post-pill amenorrhoea even when there is no history pointing to ovulatory dysfunction. This should be considered when selecting a form of contraception in such women.
The Hepatorenal Syndrome — Newer Perspectives
Authors: Murray Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Patients with liver disease often have a unique form of renal failure for which a specific cause or causes cannot be identified. This condition has been given many names, including functional renal failure and the renal failure of cirrhosis, but it is most often called the hepatorenal syndrome, a more appealing, albeit less specific term. The hepatorenal syndrome may be defined as renal failure that occurs in patients with liver disease in the absence of clinical, laboratory, or anatomical evidence of other known causes.1 Although the syndrome usually occurs in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, cirrhosis is not necessary for its . . .
Novel myeloma-associated antigens revealed in the context of syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Melinda A. Biernacki, Yu-tzu Tai, Guang Lan Zhang, Anselmo Alonso, Wandi Zhang, Rao Prabhala, Li Zhang, Nikhil Munshi, Donna Neuberg, Robert J. Soiffer, Jerome Ritz, Edwin P. Alyea, Vladimir Brusic, Kenneth C. Anderson, Catherine J. Wu
Journal: Blood (2012)
Government has lost "credibility on public health" for inaction on cigarettes and alcohol, campaigners say
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Health campaigners have criticised the UK government for failing to include plans on legislating for plain cigarette packaging and a minimum price for a unit of alcohol in the next parliament.1

Lindsey Davies, president of the UK Faculty of Public Health, said evidence existed that both measures could have saved lives, and ministers’ failure to enact them was “profoundly disappointing.”

She urged the government to think again, saying, “When it comes to policy decisions that affect everyone’s health, it’s actions, not words, that make a difference.”

The BMA’s chairman of council, Mark Porter, questioned the government’s commitment to protecting the nation’s health.

He said, “The evidence shows that standardised packaging helps smokers quit and prevents young people taking up the habit and facing a lifetime of addiction. I am bitterly disappointed that the government has bowed to pressure from the tobacco industry, whose only objective …
An open study of vitamin D3 treatment in psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: S. MORIMOTO, K. YOSHIKAWA, T. KOZUKA, Y. KITANO, S. IMANAKA, K. FUKUO, E. KOH, Y. KUMAHARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Active forms of vitamin D3, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, were administered in an open-design study to 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in three ways: to 17 patients 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 was given orally at a dose of 1.0 micrograms/day for 6 months, to four patients 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was given orally at a dose of 0.5 microgram/day for 6 months, and 19 patients were given 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 applied topically at concentration of 0.5 microgram/g of base for 8 weeks. Improvement was observed at the end of the individual study periods in 13 (76%) patients in Group 1 with a mean period of treatment (+/- SD) of 2.7 +/- 0.6 months, in one patient in Group 2 at 3 months after the start of treatment, and in 16 (84%) patients in Group 3 when the chemical was applied for 3.3 +/- 1.2 weeks. No side-effects were observed in any of these trials. These data suggest that psoriasis may respond to active metabolites of vitamin D3 and that abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism or in responsiveness of the skin cells to active metabolites of vitamin D may be involved in the pathogenesis of this skin disease.
Massive Theophylline Overdose
Authors: Larry S. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ANOREXIA, nausea, vomiting, irritability, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and intractable fatal seizure activity are all well-known signs of toxic reactions to theophylline. In cases reported by Zwillich et al,<sup>1</sup>seizure activity was associated with a mean theophylline level of 53 ±4.8 μg/mL (range, 25 to 70 μg/mL). Mortality after the onset of seizures is extremely high, ranging from 50%<sup>1</sup>to 100%,<sup>2</sup>with substantial morbidity reported in survivors.<sup>3</sup> The high mortality and morbidity associated with toxic theophylline levels, especially when associated with seizure activity, have prompted investigation into methods to improve removal of the drug from the body. A number of reports in the literature have described removal of the drug using hemoperfusion with charcoal.<sup>3,4</sup>However, as Weinberger and Hendeles<sup>5</sup>have pointed out, rapid removal has not universally been associated with good outcome in the reported cases. We wish to report a case of massive theophylline
Inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated prostaglandin E biosynthesis by chlorpropamide in the toad urinary bladder. Mechanism of enhancement of vasopressin-stimulated water flow.
Authors: R M Zusman, H R Keiser, J S Handler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Chlorpropamide is known to enhance the water permeability response of the toad urinary bladder to vasopressin and to theophylline. In other studies, we have shown that prostaglandin E synthesis by the toad bladder inhibits the water permeability response to arginine vasopressin and to theophylline. In this study, the effect of chlorpropamide on vasopressin-, theophylline-, and cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow and on prostaglandin E biosynthesis was investigated in the toad urinary bladder in vitro. Chlorpropamide inhibited prostaglandin E biosynthesis during vasopressin-, theophylline- and cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow. Tolbutamide and glyburide, two other sulfonylurea compounds, also enhanced vasopressin-stimulated water flow and inhibited vasopressin-stimulated prostaglandin E biosynthesis. We conclude that the mechanism of enhancement on vasopressin-stimulated water flow by the sulfonylureas is the inhibition of prostaglandin E biosynthesis.
Altered MicroRNA Expression Confined to Specific Epithelial Cell Subpopulations in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lorenzo F. Sempere, Mette Christensen, Asli Silahtaroglu, Mads Bak, Catherine V. Heath, Gary Schwartz, Wendy Wells, Sakari Kauppinen, Charles N. Cole
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs (18–25 nucleotides) that are involved in diverse developmental and pathologic processes. Altered miRNA expression has been associated with several types of human cancer. However, most studies did not establish whether miRNA expression changes occurred within cells undergoing malignant transformation. To obtain insight into miRNA deregulation in breast cancer, we implemented an in situ hybridization (ISH) method to reveal the spatial distribution of miRNA expression in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens representing normal and tumor tissue from &amp;gt;100 patient cases. Here, we report that expression of miR-145 and miR-205 was restricted to the myoepithelial/basal cell compartment of normal mammary ducts and lobules, whereas their accumulation was reduced or completely eliminated in matching tumor specimens. Conversely, expression of other miRNAs was detected at varying levels predominantly within luminal epithelial cells in normal tissue; expression of miR-21 was frequently increased, whereas that of let-7a was decreased in malignant cells. We also analyzed the association of miRNA expression with that of epithelial markers; prognostic indicators such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2; as well as clinical outcome data. This ISH approach provides a more direct and informative assessment of how altered miRNA expression contributes to breast carcinogenesis compared with miRNA expression profiling in gross tissue biopsies. Most significantly, early manifestation of altered miR-145 expression in atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ lesions suggests that this miRNA may have a potential clinical application as a novel biomarker for early detection. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11612–20]
Increased focal adhesion kinase- and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-associated cell signaling in endothelial cells exposed to asbestos.
Authors: A Barchowsky, B M Lannon, L C Elmore, M D Treadwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Exposure of low-passage endothelial cells in culture to nonlethal amounts of asbestos, but not refractory ceramic fiber-1, increases cell motility and gene expression. These changes may be initiated by the fibers mimicking matrix proteins as ligands for receptors on the cell surface. In the present study, 1- to 3-hr exposures of endothelial cells to 5 mg/cm2 of chrysotile asbestos caused marked cell elongation and motility. However, little morphological change was seen when chrysotile was added to cells pretreated with either mannosamine to prevent assembly of glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored receptors or with herbimycin A to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity. Affinity purification of GPI-anchored urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) from chrysotile-exposed cells demonstrated that asbestos altered the profile of proteins and phosphoproteins complexed with this receptor. Tyrosine kinase activities in the complexes were also increased by asbestos. Immunoprecipitations with selective monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that both chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos increase kinase activities associated with p60 Src or p120 focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Further, chrysotile also changed the profile of proteins and phosphoproteins associated with FAK in intact cells. These data suggest that asbestos initiates endothelial cell phenotypic change through interactions with uPAR-containing complexes and that this change is mediated through tyrosine kinase cascades.
Abstract 5307: Development of pIMAGO for universal detection of protein phosphorylation
Authors: Anton Iliuk, Li Li, Li Pan, Weiguo A. Tao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Protein phosphorylation, as the most common covalent modification of proteins, plays a critical role in the regulation of many cellular functions. Irregularities in phosphorylation network are a major cause of onset and progression of many diseases, most notably cancer. Consequently, detection of protein phosphorylation is essential in further understanding of cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms of cell growth and proliferation. To assist in effective phosphorylation analyses, we introduce here a novel technique based on soluble nanopolymers with excellent solubility, compact spherical shape and chemical homogeneity. Soluble nanopolymers functionalized with Ti(IV) ions have shown highly versatility and allow for highly efficient analyses of phosphorylation and signaling pathways. We devise here a novel strategy, termed pIMAGO (phospho-imaging), for effective detection of phosphoproteins on a membrane in Western Blot format. Unlike antibody-based strategies, the new method is capable of selectively binding a phosphorylated residue independent of amino acid microenvironment. It shows no preference for either of the phosphosites, and thus holds great promise in biological analyses where the site of phosphorylation is not known or its specific antibody is not available. Using this technique, the phosphorylation levels of proteins of interest under physiological conditions can be readily detected as part of a standard Western Blot procedure without the need for radioactivity or expensive phosphosite-specific antibodies. The utility of the approach has been demonstrated using standard mixtures of proteins and by in vitro kinase and phosphatase assays. In addition, multiplexing capabilities of pIMAGO are presented, a feature often unavailable during antibodies-based detection. Finally, we further confirmed that the technique is sensitive and specific enough to detect endogenous phosphorylation changes by analyzing physiological signaling in number of endogenous protein complexes isolated directly from cells. Citation Format: Anton Iliuk, Li Li, Li Pan, Weiguo A. Tao. Development of pIMAGO for universal detection of protein phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5307. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5307
The Craft of Surgery
Authors: M. Michael Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<i>The Craft of Surgery</i>, in three volumes, is an expanded second edition of a successful text which first appeared in 1965 in a two-volume form. In an earlier review of the original publication, it was pointed out that this ambitious work attempts, "largely by textual discussion, but enhanced by carefully and efficiently chosen illustrations, to bring to the reader a flavor of the hand-me-down pearls of operative technique; the sort of material often discussed and demonstrated in the operating room, but rarely published." The device continues to fill an important gap in the literature devoted to surgical technique and brings to the reader—whether he be highly experienced or novice—the sort of information one usually finds only by watching surgeons at work. It adds refinement to many of the currently available descriptions found in surgical atlases and also preserves invaluable individualized subtleties of approach to commonly encountered problems in the operating
Hemagglutination-lnhibiting Antibodies in Vaccinated Children With Renal Disease
Authors: Kumudchandra J. Sheth
Journal: JAMA (1979)

One year after immunization with a single 0.5-mL dose of influenza virus vaccine, serum samples from 30 children with renal diseases were tested for serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers to A/New Jersey/76, A/Victoria/75, and A/USSR/77. Eleven unvaccinated children with renal diseases formed a comparison group. In contrast to the comparison group (0/11), 53% (16/30) of the vaccinated group had a protective level of serum HI titers (greater than or equal 1:40) against A/New Jersey. A protective level of serum HI titer against A/Victoria was noted in 83% (25/30) of the vaccinated group, while 54% (6/11) of the unvaccinated group had similar HI titers. None had a detectable HI titer against A/USSR. A minor common cold-like illness occurred in seven of the 30 vaccinated children; one of these had exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. The data suggest a good protection against influenza one year after vaccination in children with renal disease.
Concurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura and Guillain‐Barre syndrome in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Rajan Singh Kohli, Wissam Bleibel, Hani Bleibel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are autoimmune disorders caused by impaired self-tolerance mechanisms triggered by interaction between genetic and environmental factors. ITP is an immune-mediated destruction of platelets resulting in mucocutaneous bleeding, GBS is an ascending motor paralysis caused by an inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves, and HT is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland. The concurrent development of ITP and GBS has only rarely been reported in the literature, and GBS itself rarely occurs with other autoimmune disorders. We present a 21 year-old patient with known Hashimoto's hypothyroidism that simultaneously developed GBS and ITP after an upper respiratory tract infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of these three autoimmune disorders in the same patient. This points to a possible common genetic predisposition to these disorders.
THE RELATIONS OF EMBRYONIC TISSUE AND TUMOR IN MIXED GRAFTS
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

Implanted mixtures of mouse embryo and tumor sometimes result in an excellent growth of both. To assure this, it is necessary that the tumor selected be one which proliferates slowly, because more active ones prevent the development of the fragments of embryo. Transplanted embryonic tissue (of the type used) does not, at its best, grow as rapidly or in so large a percentage of hosts as some tumors. The morphological relations between tumor and embryonic tissue in the mixed graft are often intimate. Apparently either may adapt the other to its structural purposes. Occasionally a direct union takes place between cancerous epithelium and that of the embryo, with result in pictures suggesting an origin of one from the other. This observation has considerable significance in view of the current reliance upon just such histological data to prove that cancer arises from normal epithelium.
Filing and Retrieving Medical Literature
Authors: William W. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Karl Singer, MD (241:1492, 1979), that information retrieval is difficult, and piles of journals tend to accumulate on and around my desk. I also have read Fuller's<sup>1</sup>article titled "A System for Filing Medical Literature," and I have set up a system similar to those described by both authors. I have found that the advantages mentioned are duplicated in my office: easy access, low expense, instant lectures, and up-to-date information. I might add a few additional points: On receiving journals, I circle, in the table of contents, the page references of the articles that I want to review and have the office nurse tear out or photocopy articles during whatever spare time exists. After the article has been isolated from the journal, I have a chance to scan or study it; I then circle a key term in either the title or abstract, by