tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TULAREMIA FROM THE FOX SQUIRREL: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: Tom Kirkwood
Journal: JAMA (1931)

As an evidence of the increasing distribution of<i>Bacterium tularense</i>infection in animals, I am reporting a new animal host—the fox squirrel. According to a personal communication from Dr. Edward Francis, the case to be reported is the first traceable to that source. Mrs. J. K., aged 28, a farmer's wife, whose past history and general examination were negative, skinned and dressed a fox squirrel, Aug. 18, 1929. She did not handle or come in contact with any other game on that date. There had been no other possible chance for exposure during the preceding month. She had not been bitten by any insect. She was in excellent health August 18, and no signs of infection appeared until August 20, when she had a severe chill accompanied by headache, backache and nausea. This chill was followed by an illness that lasted for four weeks. During this time she had chills,
Profiling of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+CD45RO+FoxP3+ T Cells in Patients with Malignant Glioma Reveals Differential Expression of the Immunologic Transcriptome Compared with T Cells from Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Chris A. Learn, Peter E. Fecci, Robert J. Schmittling, Weihua Xie, Isaac Karikari, Duane A. Mitchell, Gary E. Archer, ZhengZheng Wei, Holly Dressman, John H. Sampson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Analyses of T-cell mRNA expression profiles in glioblastoma multiforme has not been previously reported but may help to define and characterize the immunosuppressed phenotype in patients with this type of cancer. Experimental Design: We did microarray studies that have shown significant and fundamental differences in the expression profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+CD45RO+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from normal healthy volunteers compared with patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. For these investigations, we isolated total RNA from enriched CD4+ and CD8+ T cell or Treg cell populations from age-matched individuals and did microarray analyses. Results: ANOVA and principal components analysis show that the various T cell compartments exhibit consistently similar mRNA expression profiles among individuals within either healthy or brain tumor groups but reflect significant differences between these groups. Compared with healthy volunteers, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with glioblastoma multiforme display coordinate down-regulation of genes involved in T cell receptor ligation, activation, and intracellular signaling. In contrast, Tregs from patients with glioblastoma multiforme exhibit increased levels of transcripts involved in inhibiting host immunity. Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that key differences between expression profiles in T-cell populations from patients with glioblastoma multiforme results from differential expression of the immunologic transcriptome, such that a limited number of genes are principally important in producing the dysregulated T-cell phenotype.
Role of Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics in the Assessment of Cardiac Dyssynchrony in Heart Failure
Authors: Matteo Bertini, Partho P. Sengupta, Gaetano Nucifora, Victoria Delgado, Arnold C.T. Ng, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Miriam Shanks, Rutger R.J. van Bommel, Martin J. Schalij, Jagat Narula, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
ETC-1002 LOWERS LDL-C AND BENEFICIALLY MODULATES OTHER CARDIO-METABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS WITH EITHER NORMAL OR ELEVATED TRIGLYCERIDES
Authors: Christie M. Ballantyne, Michael Davidson, Diane MacDougall, Janice Margulies, Lorenzo DiCarlo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
If you read only one thing this week
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Two years ago the UK government said it would introduce a minimum price on a unit of alcohol. Instead it chose to ban below-cost selling. Alan Brennan and colleagues have now modelled the two approaches and found a big difference in their likely impact ( BMJ 2014;349:g5452, doi:10.1136/bmj.g5452). A minimum unit price of 43p (€0.55; $0.69) would affect nearly a quarter of all units sold, compared with just 0.7% affected by the ban. Our editorialist Tim Stockwell ( BMJ 2014;349:g5617, doi:10.1136/bmj.g5617) thinks we can trust this analysis and wonders why the UK alcohol industry is so against a minimum unit price, while the policy has been embraced in Canada. Could it be the …
The influence of heparin’s molecular weight and the incidence of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions revisited; in response to Grims et al., Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:514–17
Authors: R.J. Ludwig, M. Schindewolf, E. Lindhoff-Last, W-H. Boehncke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article The influence of heparin's molecular weight and the incidence of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions revisited; in response to Grims et al., Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:514–17 Get access R.J. Ludwig, R.J. Ludwig Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Schindewolf, M. Schindewolf Internal Medicine (Division of Angiology), Clinic of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, D‐60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany E‐mail: ralf.ludwig@uk‐sh.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Lindhoff‐Last, E. Lindhoff‐Last Internal Medicine (Division of Angiology), Clinic of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, D‐60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany E‐mail: ralf.ludwig@uk‐sh.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W‐H. Boehncke W‐H. Boehncke Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 4, 1 April 2008, Pages 849–851, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08402.x Published: 01 April 2008
THE EDUCATED DOCTOR
Authors: Douglas Knight
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Though I write this editorial from the perspective of the liberal college, I should also like to speak as a citizen with a great concern about the physician's calling. The demands placed upon the doctor are so special and his place in our society so influential that it is foolish to talk about his education apart from the role he is destined to play. For both good and evil, the doctor's position is unique. He is the most respected and the most consistently rewarded person in our society; yet, the demands on him are fantastic, and he is always open to scathing criticism and intolerable pressure. Though his eventual income is high, he often prepares for it by years of penury and debt; and though he has great potential influence on the course of society, he is allowed almost no time to exercise it. I mention these problems both because
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition attenuates the development of ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut
Authors: Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Emanuela Mazzon, Emanuela Esposito, Carmelo Muià, Maha Abdelrahman, Rosanna Di Paola, Concetta Crisafulli, Placido Bramanti, Christoph Thiemermann
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Internal-Mammary Implantation Operations for Relief of Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: B. J. Brener, R. Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

A SATISFACTORY operation for myocardial ischemia has been slow of development because of the difficulty of evaluating results. Subjective improvement has been known to occur even when the operations were anatomically unsuccessful,1 and methods of measuring coronary blood flow sufficiently sensitive to detect small changes have not been perfected.Until recently there has been no method that has been reliable even for the detection of the anatomic patency of new channels in vivo. With the work of Sones and Shirey,2 however, permitting direct injection of contrast substance into small arteries, the patency of single arterial implants can now be visualized. This . . .
ERYTHROCYTE PRESERVATION. II. A STUDY OF EXTRA-ERYTHROCYTE FACTORS IN THE STORAGE OF BLOOD IN ACID-CITRATE-DEXTROSE 1
Authors: Beverly Wescott Gabrio, Alexander R. Stevens, Clement A. Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Health Service (Contract H-1179 (Cl). 2 We are indebted to Smith, Kline, and French Labora- An hemolysate of human ACD blood was prepared by rapid freezing and thawing of the sample four times, and the stroma fraction was removed by the method of Pen- nell and Smith (2).When a bloodl sample containing hemolysate and stroma was centrifuged, preparatory to erythrocyte analysis, the stroma sedimented above the leucocyte layer and could be easily removed.The post-transfusion survival of human erythrocytes was determined by the method of Young, Platzer, and Rafferty (3) with slight modifications.Baseline inag- glutinable cell counts of 5,000 to 30,000 and of 4,000 to
Niche-Dependent Tumorigenic Capacity of Malignant Ovarian Ascites-Derived Cancer Cell Subpopulations
Authors: Ehood Katz, Karl Skorecki, Maty Tzukerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: In previous studies, we have used human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to generate a tissue microenvironment in immunocompromised mice as an experimental approach for studying human tumorigenesis. We now examine the attributes of such a cellular microenvironment in supporting the growth of human cancer cells freshly harvested from malignant ovarian ascites and to determine whether there are differences among subsets of ascites-derived cancer cells in terms of tumorigenic capacity in the conventional murine xenograft model and in the hESC-derived microenvironment. Experimental Design: Freshly harvested malignant ovarian ascites-derived cancer cells and six derivative ovarian cancer cell subpopulations (CCSP) were characterized for ovarian cancer–associated biomarker expression both in vitro and in vivo and for their capacity to generate tumors in the two models. Results: Ovarian cancer–associated biomarkers were detected in the ascites-derived cancer cells and in the six newly established CCSPs. Nevertheless, certain CCSPs that did not develop into tumors in a conventional murine xenograft model did generate tumors in the hESC-derived cellular microenvironment, indicating variable niche dependency for the tumorigenic capacity of the different CCSPs. The hESC-derived microenvironment provided an improved niche for supporting growth of certain tumor cell subpopulations. Conclusions: The results highlight the experimental utility of the hESC-derived cellular microenvironment to enable functional distinction of CCSPs, including the identification of cells that do not grow into a tumor in the conventional direct tumor xenograft platform, thereby rendering such cells accessible to characterization and testing of anticancer therapies.
Blood Coagulation, Hemorrhage and Thrombosis: Methods of Study
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The present volume, Blood Coagulation, Hemorrhage and Thrombosis: Methods of Study , represents the second edition of a book which originally appeared in 1955 under the title, The Coagulation of Blood: Methods of Study . This furnished a compendium of methods used in this specialized field, and was intended for the guidance of investigators. Following the untimely death of Dr. Tocantins, Dr. Kazal has carried on the editorship to complete the revision.  There are 94 separate contributors. The general plan and purpose of the new edition remain the same. The volume stresses methodology rather than theory, procedural details rather than discussion. Within the three major areas—blood coagulation, hemorrhage, and thrombosis —is a total of 19 subdivisions, each of which contains from 1 to 16 separate contributions offering precise directions for appropriate tests.  Among the subjects discussed are the processing of blood; thrombin and its precursors; anticoagulants in blood, plasma, and serum; tissue
Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Codon 200 Mutation) With Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: John M. Bertoni, Paul Brown, Lev G. Goldfarb, Richard Rubenstein, D. Carleton Gajdusek
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To identify a possible gene defect in a large kindred with atypical Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).Over 360 kindred members, with and without progressive dementia.Family, hospital, and clinic records were reviewed. The DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded brain tissue of two deceased patients, and from blood leukocytes of nine healthy persons at risk. DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction and then analyzed by restriction endonuclease and single nucleotide primer extension.Nine family members had progressive fatal neurological disease consistent with CJD without myoclonus or typical electroencephalographic findings. Supranuclear gaze palsy was present in all five patients who underwent eye examinations. Two neuropathologically confirmed cases and five of nine at-risk family members had an identical mutation (GAG to AAG, glutamic acid to lysine) in codon 200 of the amyloid gene (PRNP) on chromosome 20.Clinically atypical CJD with early supranuclear gaze palsy but without myoclonus or characteristic electroencephalographic periodicity patterns is associated with the codon 200Lys mutation in the largest CJD kindred yet reported. The clinical concept of familial CJD should be enlarged to include this unusual phenotype.
Lymphatic System Metastasis
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1981)

For the physician who works at bedside or clinic with cancer patients, knowledge of lymphatic spread of tumors is based on the great anatomic work by Rouviere published in the early years of this century. In 1972, Haagensen's text on the lymphatics in cancer became the useful clinical counterpart of that approach, showing by surgical dissection and the meticulous pathological studies of Dr Robert Grinnell on cleared specimens, routes of lymphatic spread for a variety of cancers, particularly gastrointestinal. Now we have a new book on metastasis to the lymphatic system that combines chapters on basic pathophysiology of metastasis within the lymphatic system with diagnostic considerations and general therapeutic aspects in the first 40% of the text. The remainder considers metastasis within the lymphatic system from different primary sites. Individual chapters are written by clinical and laboratory experts at each particular organ or site and, while somewhat uneven, convey a
Abstract 198: Resveratrol's Metabolomic biomarkers of efficacy: the missing link to chemoprevention.
Authors: Shakir Saud, Matthew Young, Ed Karoly, Chris Bernard, Nancy Colburn, Young Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chemoprevention has received considerable attention over the last decade. The notion of using bioactive food components to reduce the risk of developing, or the recurrence of cancer has long been recognized. Resveratrol (a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound) has been studied extensively with considerable evidence demonstrating its efficacy as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent, with the most evidence for its role in colon cancer prevention. However, Resveratrol intervention studies in clinical trials still remains controversial, due to the lack of biomarkers of efficacy. Utilizing Metabolomic analysis we have identified biomarkers of efficacy in a pre-clinical model of inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Metabolomics is the process of identifying metabolites present in biological specimens. Our study has demonstrated the chemopreventative activity of Resveratrol in mice treated with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and then exposed to colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis. We found a diet enriched in Resveratrol resulted in a reduction in tumor incidence in AOM/DSS treated mice by 29 percent. Furthermore, we identified several biomarkers that are indicative of Resveratrol chemopreventive activities. Prior studies have shown Resveratrol's role in inhibiting several key enzymes important during the carcinogenesis process. We have correlated such findings with Metabolomic biomarkers. We found a significant reduction in Arachidonic acid, the limiting reagent of pro-inflammatory enzyme COX-2, and a reduction in spermidine a product of Ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme that promotes proliferation. More intriguingly, we found biomarkers representing changes in bile acids by Resveratrol, which highlight chemopreventative activities that were not previously described. We found that Resveratrol treatment causes a reduction in tumorigenic secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria. These data suggested that dietary supplementation with Resveratrol results in a healthy microbiome. These pre-clinical studies should easily be translated into clinical studies designed to ascertain chemopreventive efficacy for bioactive compounds like Resveratrol, all with the objective to identify patients that will benefit from an intervention. Citation Format: Shakir Saud, Matthew Young, Ed Karoly, Chris Bernard, Nancy Colburn, Young Kim. Resveratrol's Metabolomic biomarkers of efficacy: the missing link to chemoprevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 198. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-198
Keeping Bayesian models rational: The need for an account of algorithmic rationality
Authors: David Danks, Frederick Eberhardt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract We argue that the authors’ call to integrate Bayesian models more strongly with algorithmic- and implementational-level models must go hand in hand with a call for a fully developed account of algorithmic rationality. Without such an account, the integration of levels would come at the expense of the explanatory benefit that rational models provide.
Grow it yourself
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1988)

from cricket, the picture of Ranji is quite a revelation?a man with the usual human frailities: superstition, extravagance, and an affair as a result of which he left his heart somewhere among the green fields of England. Ross freely quotes from many sources, and fairly extensively too?a method of authorship that may not be very original, but to me this has enriched the book as an authoritative biography. There is an extensive bibliography from which the obsessive cricketer will find good additional reading; and there are a few photographs of Ranji both as a cricketer and a ruler. Reviewing Ranji has given me immense pleasure. For the non-cricketer too the book would be of considerable interest, particularly the second part, evoking nostalgic memories of the Raj as Ross blends east and west with consummate ease. For the cricketer the book is a must. With less than 100 shopping days to go before Christmas, it should be a very popular choice for most Christmas stockings.
The acquired vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation deficiency in hepatocellular carcinoma involves not only prothrombin, but also protein C
Authors: Yuji Yoshikawa, Yoichi Sakata, Gotaro Toda, Hiroshi Oka
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Protein C, one of the vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins synthesized in the liver, was measured immunologically in normal subjects (n = 20), patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 60), liver cirrhosis (n = 60), acute hepatitis (n = 16), chronic hepatitis (n = 19), malignant neoplasms other than hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 35) and patients on warfarin treatment (n = 20). We also assayed γ-carboxyglutamic acid-complete (carboxylated) protein C in these population by using a monoclonal antibody directed against human protein C, JTC-1, which recognizes the γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain-related conformational change induced by metal ions. We demonstrated that the plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma contains considerable amounts of γ-carboxyglutamic acid-incomplete protein C, evidenced by the significantly reduced protein C:γ-carboxyglutamic acid/protein C:antigen ratios in hepatocellular carcinoma as compared to those seen in normal controls, other liver diseases and other malignant neoplasms (p &lt; 0.01). In two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with the reduced protein C:γ-carboxyglutamic acid/protein C:antigen ratios, successful treatment (transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization or lipiodolization of antitumor agent) led to the very rapid normalization of the ratios. Intravenous administration of vitamin K, however, induced no such effects in three other patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with the abnormality. We conclude that the impaired vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma involves not only prothrombin, but also protein C, and that the impairment is not due to vitamin K deficiency.
Clinical course of untreated tonic-clonic seizures in childhood: prospective, hospital based study
Authors: C A v. Donselaar, O F Brouwer, A T Geerts, W F M Arts, H Stroink, A C B Peters
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess decleration and acceleration in the disease process in the initial phase of epsilepsy in children with new onset tonic-clonic seizures. <b>Study design:</b> Hospital based follow up study. <b>Setting:</b> Two university hospitals, a general hospital, and a children9s hospital in the Netherlands. <b>Patients:</b> 204 children aged 1 month to 16 years with idiopathic or remote symptomatic, newly diagnosed, tonic-clonic seizures, of whom 123 were enrolled at time of their first ever seizure; all children were followed until the start of drug treatment (78 children), the occurrence of the fourth untreated seizure (41 children), or the end of the follow up period of two years (85 untreated children). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Analyis of disease pattern from first ever seizure. The pattern was categorised as decelerating if the child became free of seizures despite treatment being withheld. In cases with four seizures, the pattern was categorised as decelerating if successive intervals increased or as accelerating if intervals decreased. Patterns in the remaining children were classified as uncertain. <b>Results:</b> A decelerating pattern was found in 83 of 85 children who became free of seizures without treatment. Three of the 41 children with four or more untreated seizures showed a decelerating pattern and eight an accelerating pattern. In 110 children the disease process could not be classified, mostly because drug treatment was started after the first, second, or third seizure. The proportion of children with a decelerating pattern (42%, 95% confidence interval 35% to 49%) may be a minimum estimate because of the large number of patients with an uncertain disease pattern. <b>Conclusions:</b> Though untreated epilepsy is commonly considered to be a progressive disorder with decreasing intervals between seizures, a large proportion of children with newly diagnosed, unprovoked tonic-clonic seizures have a decelerating disease process. The fear that tonic-clonic seizures commonly evolve into a progressive disease should not be used as an argument in favour of early drug treatment in children with epilepsy. <h3>Key messages</h3> Untreated epilepsy is commonly thought to be a progressive disease Early treatment, preferably after the first seizure, has been advocated In at least 42% of children with newly diagnosed tonic-clonic seizures, the disease has a decelerating pattern, with successively longer intervals between seizures The fear that tonic-clonic seizures commonly evolve into a progressive disorder should not be used as an argument in favour of early treatment of these children
Lyn regulates BCR-ABL and Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Cbl protein stability in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Ji Wu, Feng Meng, Henry Lu, Ling Kong, William Bornmann, Zhenghong Peng, Moshe Talpaz, Nicholas J. Donato
Journal: Blood (2008)