tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organ, Species, and Compound Specificity in the Metabolic Activation of Primary Aromatic Amines<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Jay M. Poupko, Teresa Radomski, Regina M. Santella, Jack L. Radomski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

For the evaluation of the role of target tissue activation in the induction of bladder cancer, microsome-mediated N-hydroxylation of the bladder carcinogen 4-biphenylamine (4-BA) was studied in bovine and canine bladder mucosae, relative to the activity in liver. Bovine bladder microsomes mediated the N-hydroxylation of 4-BA at an exceptionally high rate, whereas no detectable activity was found with bovine liver microsomes. Dog bladder microsomes were 40-100 times less active than bovine bladder microsomes and contained approximately one-third the amount of cytochrome P450. Dog liver microsomes were as active as dog bladder microsomes per nanomole P450 and an order of magnitude more active when normalized to microsomal protein. Rat liver microsomes contained the highest level of P450 of all the preparations studied, and N-hydroxylase activity was approximately twice the rate of that of dog liver. The rate of N-hydroxylation of 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and 1-naphthylamine (1-NA) was compared in bovine bladder mucosa and was found to correlate well with the relative potency of these compounds as bladder carcinogens (4-BA greater than 2-NA greater than 1-NA). Such a comparison could not be made with dog bladder mucosa because of its low N-hydroxylation activity. In addition, bovine bladder mucosa S-9 mutagenic activation of 4-BA, 2-NA, and 1-NA was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium and found to parallel the carcinogenic potency of these compounds. These results demonstrate considerable tissue, species, and compound specificity for the metabolic activation of aromatic amines and provide further evidence in support of bladder activation as a mechanism of aromatic amine-induced bladder cancer.
Implementation of a telemedicine system for the spirometry quality control in public health primary care centers
Authors: Nuria Marina, Elena Lopez de Santa Maria, Juan C. Bayón, Asunción Gutierrez, Maria Alfonso, Marian Garcia, Juan B. Gáldiz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : Spirometry (S) is a common test in the evaluation of patients with respiratory diseases but it is not an easy technique and it is necessary a training period to obtain a good quality.   Aims:  To evaluate the effectiveness of a Telemedicine Program (TP) to assure the S quality in Primary Care Centers (PCC) in a Public Health Service.   Methods: The design included 2periods:  1st) Pilot study: 9 months. 15 PCC. The aim was to obtain Osteba approval (Basque Department for the Evaluation of New Techologies). Economic impact of this procedure was evaluated in a time horizon of 5years(2010-2014)  2nd) Implementation period: The aim was to include all the PCC of Basque Health System in the TP ( Linkcare Spiro®, espiro.osasunet ). Technicians received a one day training course. Then the S performed in PCC are sent to the Functional Respiratory Laboratory being evaluated according to guidelines. The quality was evaluated using a scale grade: D-F (poor quality), A-B (excellent quality).   Results:    - 1st period: 15 PCC, 1.980 S. An important improvement of the quality of S in all PCC was observed (mean 57% good quality S at the beginning, 83% at the end). The budget impact analysis, at the end of the year 2014, reflected a decrease of 132.438€, with the assumption that the S of poor quality should be repeated.  - 2nd period: 80 PCC, 7.800 S. We observed the same improvement in quality in the 50 PCC that have completed 6 months in the TP (mean 57% at the beginning, 87% at the end).   Conclusions:   1)The TP improves the quality of S in all centers and it is cost-effective.  2)It is usefull as continues training program.  3)This program can be included in a Public System of Health.
Biomarkers in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Authors: Regina Hasa, Anyla Bulo, Perlat Kapisyzi, Hasan Hafizi, Silva Bala, Roland Hasa, Dhimiter Argjiri, Milda Nanushi, Jolanda Nikolla, Olvis Petre, Aldi Shehu, Ela Petrela, Jul Bushati
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Many investigators have tried to identify a simple blood test or predicting rules that can help physicians to make more rational decisions to identify patients who are at risk for adverse outcomes or death.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma D-dimer, CRP and some other biomarkers levels in patients with CAP.  Materials and Methods: In this study were enrolled 72 patients admitted on Sept - Dec 2011 with clinical and radiological evidence of CAP. Within 24 hours after admission and on the 4-th day blood samples were taken for analysis. CURB-65 and PSI severity scores were calculated at admission. Statistical analysis is made with SPSS 19.0.  Results: Mean age 62.7±16.6 years(range 25-92).Mean D-dimer on the first day resulted 2621ng/ml(range 296-9000),on the 4-th day 2585 ng/ml (range120-9000). Mean CRP on the first day resulted 198 mg/l(range 0.76 - 743),on the 4-th day 72 mg/l(range 0.10 - 316). On admission mean value of fibrinogen was 811mg/dl(range 279-1780); APTT– 37.39 sec (range 17- 100); leukocyte –15363 (range 1900- 47200); ESR-28 mm/hr(range 2-68);fever – 37.8oC (range 36.4- 41). Mean hospitalization 9.65 days (range 0- 35).Mean values of D-dimer and CRP resulted in correlation with complications events. Even though mean values of D-dimer and CRP are higher, no significant correlations resulted between them and CURB-65 and PSI score. Significantly mean values of D-dimer and CRP are higher on groups of patients with complicated CAP(p   Conclusion: D-dimer and CRP level cannot replace CURB-65 or PSI scoring for assessment in CAP patients, but are useful to predict clinical outcome, especially complications in pacients with CAP.
Prognostic factors in limited small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): Results of a large retrospective study in a monocentric setting
Authors: J. Fayette, J.-C. Soria, M. Lassalle, M. Wartelle, M. Tarayre, C. Le Pechoux, P. Ruffié, R. Arriagada, J.-P. Pignon, T. Le Chevalier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7215 Background: Patients with limited SCLC have a 5-year overall survival of 25% despite aggressive initial treatment. In order to reserve toxic therapeutics to patients who may benefit from it we searched for prognostic factors in large series of localized SCLC treated at a single institution. Methods: Between 1981/10/12 and 2000/11/27, 186 patients with limited SCLC were included in six consecutive prospective trials in our institution. They received polychemotherapy by cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and etoposide with alternated radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 11.26 yrs (reverse Kaplan-Meier). Log-rank test and Cox's proportional-hazards models were used to evaluate the value of prognostic factors and the corresponding hazard ratio (HR) computed. Results: Variables tested in the univariate analysis were : gender (male), age (> 60 yrs), initial Karnofsky (< 90%), Tumor (T3, T4), Node (N2, N3), smoking (>40 PY), initial haemoglobin count (<9.5), initial neutrophils count (<7000/mm3), initial platelets count (>400.000/mm3), haemoglobin toxicity (grade 2 and more), platelets toxicity (grade 2 and more), neutrophils toxicity (grade 3 or more) at the Nadir of the first cycle, initial natremia (≤130 mmol/L) and initial creatininemia (>100 mmol/L). The factors found to be predictive for overall 5-year survival in the univariate analysis (HR) are: Gender (HR=2), Karnofsky (2), Tumor (1.4), initial platelets count (1.8), haemoglobin toxicity (1.6), initial natremia (2), and initial creatinemia (1.9). Among the significant factors in the univariate analysis, two were significant in the multivariate analysis (table). Conclusions: This study confirms the prognostic value of the Karnofsky index and shows the independent prognostic value of the initial platelets count. These factors may define a high risk population to be treated by a different approach. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of the cardiac index-PvO2 relationship during vasodilatation challenge as a prognostic factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Carolina Rosado-Bosque, Tomas Pulido, Karina Zamora, Armando Rodriguez, Milci Contreras, Pedro Guevara, Julio Sandoval
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Mixed venous oxygen pressure (PvO2) is a reflection of the tissue oxygenation state. PvO2 is one of the variables associated to survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).   Objectives:  Investigate if the relationship CI – PvO2 during the vasodilatation challenge (VC) is maintained and whether the type of response has any prognostic implication in PAH patients.   Methods:  We analyzed the hemodynamic and gasometrical variables at baseline and during the response to the acute VC at right heart catheterization of patients with PAH. According to the results, patients were judged to have an appropriate response (AR) (i.e. higher CI=higher PvO2) or not. The midterm survival in both groups was also analyzed.   Results:  We studied 42 patients with PAH (35±5 years); 75% female. For the drug challenge we used adenosine (n=33) and Iloprost (n=9). Patients with AR (n=31) had a significant correlation CI-PvO2 at baseline and during challenge (r=0.67; and 0.52; respectively, p   Conclusions:  Some patients with PAH have an abnormal tissue oxygenation, which may be uncovered by the analysis of the CI-PvO2 relationship. This finding may be of prognostic significance.
Acute unilateral nephrectomy elicits a specific increase in plasma of peptides derived from the N-terminal region of proopiomelanocortin.
Authors: C Qiu, J P Valentin, X W Chen, E Wiedemann, M H Humphreys
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) causes natriuresis from the contralateral kidney through neurohumoral reflex pathways that involve an increase in the plasma of peptides derived from the N-terminal region of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/beta-endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). To determine the specificity of these humoral changes, the concentrations in plasma of ACTH and two peptides arising from the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of POMC, NTF32-49 and gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH), and of another natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), were measured by RIA with highly specific antisera to these epitopes. Group I experiments followed the course of sodium excretion (UNaV) for 120 min after AUN or sham nephrectomy. UNaV more than doubled within 60 min of AUN, and this natriuresis was maintained for the remainder of the experiment, whereas UNaV in sham rats did not change. There was no difference in plasma immunoreactive (ir) ACTH or ir-ANP concentrations between sham and AUN rats 120 min after the procedure, but plasma ir-NTF concentration was double in AUN rats compared with sham (P < 0.03). In Group II experiments, animals were killed 30, 60, 90, or 120 min after AUN and the urinary response related to peptide concentrations in plasma. UNaV rose rapidly after AUN, reaching a maximum value within 45 min that again was double the control value and remained stable for the duration of the experiment, up to 120 min after AUN. There was no significant change in ir-ACTH or ir-ANP at any point after AUN compared with values in sham AUN rats. However, plasma concentrations of both ir-NTF and ir-gamma-MSH were elevated 30 min after AUN and reached values at 120 min that were again double the values in sham rats (P < 0.05 for both).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ventilation–Perfusion Mismatch after Lung Ischemia–Reperfusion
Authors: GERD HERMLE, HARTWIG SCHÜTTE, DIETER WALMRATH, KLAUS GEIGER, WERNER SEEGER, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Lung ischemia–reperfusion provokes pulmonary hypertension and increased microvascular permeability with subsequent edema formation and hypoxemia. We exposed buffer-perfused rabbit lungs to 120 and 180 min of warm ischemia. After reperfusion, gas exchange disturbances were analyzed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Additionally, ischemic lungs were treated with different doses of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) throughout reperfusion. Reperfusion provoked a transient pulmonary artery pressure elevation, followed by progressive pulmonary edema formation. After 120 min of ischemia, severe ventilation–perfusion (V˙ a/Q˙) mismatch developed within 15 min of reperfusion, with the appearance of low V˙ a/Q˙ areas and marked broadening of both perfusion and ventilation distribution in the midrange V˙ a/Q˙ regions. In parallel, shunt flow increased from less than 2% to approximately 17%. Inhalation of NO suppressed the pressor response, edema formation, as well as V˙ a/Q˙ mismatch and shunt flow. Concentrations of 10 and 50 ppm NO were equipotent, surpassing the efficacy of 1 or 250 ppm NO. Inhalation of NO, however, did not protect from the overwhelming gas exchange and fluid balance disturbances provoked by 180 min ischemia. In conclusion, severe abnormalities in gas exchange occurred rapidly upon reperfusion of ischemic lungs. Prophylactic NO inhalation may be considered for maintenance of gas exchange in settings of ischemia–reperfusion including lung transplantation.
Significance and Prospects of the Hospital with Long-Term Treatment Ward in the Medical Care of Lung Cancer
Authors: Kan Kato, Naoki Iwashita, Gou Matsumoto, Satoshi Hirano, Yuichiro Takeda, Yoshiro Nakahara, Yusuke Takagi, Yusuke Ohkuma, Yukio Hosomi, Masahiko Shibuya
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy
Authors: Robert H. Knopp, Emilio Herrera, Norbert Freinkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The effects of late pregnancy on adipose tissue metabolism have been examined in fed and fasted rats. Lumbar fat was excised from 19-day pregnant and age-matched virgin rats which had been given unrestricted access to food (“fed”) or fasted for 48 hr before sacrifice.
Intermittent Monitoring of Oxygen Saturation in Infants and Children With Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Steve Cunningham
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 8742: Deletion of CIKS (Act1 or traf3ip2) Abrogates Angiotensin-II-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Prakashsrinivas Shanmugam, Anthony J Valente, Laurent Delafontaine, Jason D Gardner, Ulrich Siebenlist, Bysani Chandrasekar
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Chronic elevation of Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Ang-II activates NF-κB and AP-1, and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-growth factors. The a...
Acidity of the exhaled breath condensate in assessing bronchial challenge with exercise in children: Effect of deaeration
Authors: Rosanna Zambardi, Mario Barreto, Francesca Ruggeri, Ilaria Caiazzo, Lorenza Chiossi, Carlotta Bianchini, Maria Chiara Supino, Maria Pia Villa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Acidity of the exhaled breath condensate (EBCpH) is being studied for asthma monitoring. Scarce data regards the usefulness of this marker in bronchial challenge with exercise, particularly of deaerated or non-deaerated EBCpH samples.   Aims   To measure EBCpH and the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) in paediatric patients investigated for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).   Methods   In 130 children aged 5-17 yr (82 males) we measured EBCpH (before and after deaeration with Argon), FE NO , spirometry and skin prick test for common allergens. Spirometry was repeated 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after exercise as well as FE NO  (5, 20 min) and EBCpH (20 min). EIB was defined as a FEV 1  fall >10%.   Results   Baseline lung function but not EBCpH or FE NO  correlated with the exercise-induced fall in FEV 1  (e.g. with FEV 1 % r=0.27, with FEF 25-75 % r=0.36, p NO  levels, but not in EBCpH after exercise correlated with the post-exercise decrease at 5 and 20 min (r=0.37, p  Lower non-deaerated EBCpH values were found in subjects with EIB (n=30) than in subjects without EIB (n=100) either at baseline and after exercise (7.17±0.48  vs  7.43±0.51 and 7.25±0.31  vs  7.47±0.47, p  vs  8.18±0.21, p   Conclusion   Baseline non-deaerated EBCpH (by including volatile acids) probably reflect peripheral airway obstruction that promotes EIB. Exercise-released inflammatory mediators could enhance deaerated EBCpH in atopic subjects.
Abstract 16017: Metformin Protects the Heart from Systolic Overload-Induced Heart Failure Through an Ampka2 Independent Pathway
Authors: Xin Xu, Zhongbing Lu, Xinli Hu, Ping Zhang, John Fassett, Shuo Yan, Robert J Bache, Yingjie Chen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

We have demonstrated that gene deletion of AMPKα2 exacerbated pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice. Conversely, studies from others have demonstrated that activation of AMPK by metformin...
The potential role of elastase inhibitors in emphysema treatment
Authors: S Eriksson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To determine the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Lothian and Border Health Board Regions of south east Scotland. <h3>METHODS</h3> Incidence study: all patients were identified in whom a diagnosis of Poser category probable or definite multiple sclerosis was made by a neurologist between 1992 and 1995. Prevalence study: all patients known to have multiple sclerosis who were alive and resident in the study area on 15 March 1995 were recorded. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The crude annual incidence rates of probable or definite multiple sclerosis per 100 000 population were the highest ever reported: 12.2 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 10.8–13.7) in the Lothian Region and 10.1 (95% CI 6.6–13.6) in the Border Region. A total of 1613 patients with multiple sclerosis were resident in the study area, giving standardised prevalence rates per 100 000 population of 203 (95% CI 192–214) in the Lothian Region and 219 (95% CI 191–251) in the Border Region. Prevalent cases were more likely than expected to have a Scottish surname (risk ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.34). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Orkney and Shetland were previously thought to have by far the highest prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: about double that found in England and Wales. However, the prevalence in south east Scotland is equally high, suggesting that the Scottish population as a whole has a genetic susceptibility to the disease, and undermining the hypothesis that patterns of infection specific to small sparsely populated island communities are important in the causation of multiple sclerosis.
THERAPY IN CATATONIA
Authors: Samuel B. Broder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

1. Over 700 injections of caffeine sodiobenzoate and sodium amytal were administered to 16 patients and 16 normal persons. 2. Of these, over 350 injections were given to eight catatonic patients and nearly 300 to the other eight psychotic patients. 3. Physiologic changes, such as pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure readings before the treatment and at five-minute intervals for 20 minutes following the administration of the drugs, were recorded, but were too insignificant and too irregular to merit emphasis. 4. The effect of the combination of caffeine sodiobenzoate with sodium amytal when used in certain quantities by certain routes on mutism, rigidity, slovenliness and stereotypy of posture and speech in the catatonic patient is reported. 5. The effects are reported of various combinations of caffeine and sodium amytal on the speed and accuracy in simple arithmetical problems and in copying similar passages by a mute patient with an undiagnosed organic brain disease.
Cost‐effectiveness of strategies for testing current hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Michael K. Chapko, D.Robert Dufour, Rikita I. Hatia, Jan Drobeniuc, John W. Ward, Chong‐Gee Teo
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Six strategies for identifying hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia, involving testing for HCV antibody (HCVAb) followed by a nucleic acid test (NAT) for HCV RNA when the antibody test is positive, are compared. Decision analysis was used to determine mean relative cost per person tested and outcomes of HCV viremia detection. Parameters included proportions of test population with HCVAb and viremia plus specificity, sensitivity, and cost of individual tests. For testing a population with an HCVAb seroprevalence of 3.25%, all strategies when adopting quantitative NAT vary little in cost (range, $29.50‐$30.70) and are highly viremia specific (≥0.9997). Four of the strategies using venipuncture blood for HCVAb testing (whether laboratory conducted or employing a rapid, point‐of‐care assay) and for NAT (whether done by reflex or using separately drawn blood) achieve the highest viremia sensitivities (range, 0.9950‐0.9954). Point‐of‐care HCVAb testing in fingerstick blood followed by NAT in venipuncture blood yields relatively lower viremia sensitivity (0.9301). The strategy that requires returning for NAT is even less viremia sensitive (&lt;0.9000) because of follow‐up loss. Strategies adopting qualitative rather than quantitative NAT are slightly cheaper (range, $28.90‐$29.99), similarly viremia specific (≥0.9997), but less viremia sensitive (≤0.9456). Viremia sensitivity and specificity remain the same regardless of the proportion of HCVAb‐seropositive persons in the cohort being tested. Conclusions : Strategies involving HCVAb testing in venipuncture blood, whether laboratory conducted or using a point‐of‐care assay, when followed by quantitative NAT done reflexively or in separately drawn blood, are comparably economical and suitably viremia sensitive. Less cost‐effective is point‐of‐care HCVAb testing in fingerstick blood followed by NAT in venipuncture blood. Least cost‐effective is the strategy requiring the tested person to return for NAT. (H epatology 2015;62:1396–1404)