tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperosmolar, Nonketotic Coma: Choice of Insulin
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article dealing with hyperosmolar, nonketotic syndrome and steroid diabetes after renal transplantation (p 1261), the authors describe a seriously ill patient with a plasma glucose level of 1,526 mg/100 ml and near coma, without ketosis. She was treated with, among other things, "massive doses of insulin zinc suspension, extended (1,085 units in 24 hours)," but her coma deepened through the next three hours. Insulin zinc suspension, extended, is the slowly acting, protracted insulin known as ultrainsulin. Use of this insulin under these circumstances was an error. The patient should have had regular insulin, with its prompt action, from the start. This is the preferred treatment for any seriously ill diabetic patient, no matter what the cause. It is true that most patients with hyperosmolar, nonketotic syndrome do not require as large doses as those with ketoacidosis, but therapy should be started with regular insulin in
NHS faces rise in negligence payments
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The NHS faces a major rise in its bill for medical negligence compensation as a result of new regulations laid before parliament that affect the way damages are worked out.

The lord chancellor, Lord Irvine, has reduced the “discount rate”—the rate that successful claimants in personal injury cases are deemed to earn by investing their compensation awards—from 3% to 2.5%. The result will be larger lump sums to cover loss of earnings …
Abstract 3747: Polymorphisms of ERCC1 C118T and ERCC2 Lys751Gln predict response and prognosis of platinum-treated gastroenterology cancer patients: A finding of pooled meta-analysis
Authors: Ming Yin, Jingrong Yan, Albert Abad, Francesco Graziano, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jacques Robert, Seock-Ah Im, Wei-Shu Wang, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway modulates platinum-based chemotherapeutic efficacy by removal of drug-produced damage to DNA. To determine if NER genes (ERCC1 and ERCC2) influence responses to platinum-based chemotherapies, we performed a meta-analysis in gastric and colorectal cancer for polymorphisms of ERCC1 C118T and ERCC2 Lys751Gln. The analysis included 1413 (451 Asians and 962 Caucasians) cancer patients, who were treated with the platinum-based regimen. The primary outcomes included therapeutic response (TR) as evaluated by complete response + partial response vs. stable disease + progressive disease, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We calculated odds ratio [OR] or hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] to estimate the risk or hazard in the dominant model. We found consistent and clinically substantial risk or hazard estimates for TR, PFS and OS in the platinum-treated gastroenterology cancer patients. For ERCC1 C118T, we found an ethnical discrepancy in the prognostic values, favoring a pronounced effect in Asians (TR: OR, 0.53 and 95% CI, 0.35-0.81 for four studies of 378 patients; PFS: HR, 1.69 and 95% CI, 1.05-2.70 for five studies of 504 patients; and OS: HR, 1.85 and 95% CI, 1.37-2.48 for four studies of 405 patients, compared with Caucasians: TR: OR, 0.98 and 95% CI, 0.44-2.19 for five studies of 638 patients; PFS: HR, 1.15 and 95% CI, 0.72-1.86 for five studies of 609 patients; and OS: HR, 1.22 and 95% CI, 0.49-3.05 for three studies of 347 patients). For ERCC2 Lys751Gln, the prognostic effect was observed in colorectal cancer for both ethnicities (overall patients: TR: OR, 0.41 and 95% CI, 0.26-0.66 for four studies of 437 patients; PFS: HR, 1.63 and 95% CI, 1.19-2.22 for six studies of 741 patients; and OS: HR, 2.08 and 95% CI, 1.29-3.34 for four studies of 479 patients). This significance remained in Caucasians (TR: OR, 0.41 and 95% CI, 0.23-0.73 for three studies of 249 patients; PFS: HR, 1.55 and 95% CI, 1.08-2.21 for five studies of 553 patients; and OS: HR, 1.64 and 95% CI, 1.23-2.18 for three studies of 291 patients). Based on these results, we concluded that ERCC1 C118T and ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphisms might be useful prognostic factors in platinum-treated gastroenterology cancer patients. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings. (Supported by NIH grants R01CA131274 and R01ES011470) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3747.
Inhaled fluticasone propionate delivered by means of two different multidose powder inhalers is effective and safe in a large pediatric population with persistent asthma
Authors: David B. Peden, William E. Berger, Michael J. Noonan, M.Ross Thomas, Virginia L. Hendricks, Abbas G. Hamedani, Puneet Mahajan, Karen W. House
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES IN THE MOUSE
Authors: David Eidinger, Hugh F. Pross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The direct and indirect plaque technique for the detection of antibody-forming cells against sheep erythrocytes was utilized for the investigation of a number of biological parameters of the primary and secondary immune response on a cellular level. The sequential pattern of 19S followed by 7S antibody formation was elicited in the primary response after a latent period of at least 1–2 days and 2–3 days respectively. The secondary response initiated 140 days after primary immunization, in contrast, was characterized by the simultaneous appearance of 19S and 7S antibody-forming cells after an observed latent period of 2–3 days. The cellular dynamics of the recruitment phase of the respective immunoglobulins in the primary and secondary response was interpreted as evidence for the derivation of the two classes of immunoglobulins from separate progenitors. The 19S antibody-forming cells were derived predominantly by a process of transformation and maturation and 7S antibody formers by a process of cellular division with a doubling time of about 12 hr. The draining lymph node exhibited maximal immunological reactivity due to its capacity to retain the particulate antigen. This capacity was considerably enhanced in the sensitized draining lymph node. Minimal cellular activity was also noted in distal lymphoid tissues which included the thymus. Focal cellular activity was observed in the draining lymph node for 60 days after immunization. Subsequently, very low level plaque-forming cellular activity was observed in association with persistence of maximal antibody activity. The appearance at 120 days of a generalized peak of cellular activity in lymphoid tissues throughout the host was considered an explanation for this discrepancy. The change in distribution of cellular antibody-forming activity, from a local to a generalized lymphatic response during the late phase of the immune response, implied a fundamental alteration in homeostatic mechanisms associated with maintenance of immune reactivity. Further manifestations of such an alteration were indicated by the appearance of 2-ME-sensitive 7S antibody nearly 3 months after primary intradermal immunization, which in the ensuing 5 months was associated with, and inversely related to, two major fluctuations in 2-ME-resistant 7S antibody. Evidence for the existence of immunological memory in the 19S system was not established in the present work. 19S anamnesis, for which evidence was derived from measurements of circulating antibody levels, was interpreted from cellular studies as the result of the substantial activity of previously uncommitted 19S lymphoid cells in distal lymphoid tissue associated with previously committed 19S cells contained in the draining lymph node.
Polarised interleukin 8 secretion by HT 29/19A cells.
Authors: K M Lammers, J Jansen, P B Bijlsma, M Ceska, G N Tytgat, C L Laboisse, S J van Deventer
Journal: Gut (1994)

Interleukin 8 is a neutrophil chemotactic and stimulating cytokine induced by various inflammatory stimuli, including tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 1, and endotoxin. The ability of HT 29/19A enterocytes to synthesise interleukin 8 was studied. The results show that interleukin 1 is an important stimulus for interleukin 8 synthesis and secretion by HT 29/19A cells, being more potent than tumour necrosis factor. The tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 1 induced interleukin 8 secretion by HT 29/19A cells was seen to be polarised according to the direction of stimulation. These results support the concept that mucosal cells (enterocytes) may play an important part in initiating mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, it is proposed that HT 29/19A cells constitute a tool to study stimulus directed polarised cytokine secretion.
Sudden death brings East and West together
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Lkb1</i> Deficiency Causes Prostate Neoplasia in the Mouse
Authors: Helen B. Pearson, Afshan McCarthy, Christopher M.P. Collins, Alan Ashworth, Alan R. Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Mutation of LKB1 is the key molecular event underlying Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a dominantly inherited condition characterized by a predisposition to a range of malignancies, including those of the reproductive system. We report here the use of a Cre-LoxP strategy to directly address the role of Lkb1 in prostate neoplasia. Recombination of a LoxP-flanked Lkb1 allele within all four murine prostate lobes was mediated by spontaneous activation of a p450 CYP1A1-driven Cre recombinase transgene (termed AhCre). Homozygous mutation of Lkb1 in males expressing AhCre reduced longevity, with 100% manifesting atypical hyperplasia and 83% developing prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) of the anterior prostate within 2 to 4 months. We also observed focal hyperplasia of the dorsolateral and ventral lobes (61% and 56% incidence, respectively), bulbourethral gland cysts associated with atypical hyperplasia (100% incidence), hyperplasia of the urethra (39% incidence), and seminal vesicle squamous metaplasia (11% incidence). PIN foci overexpressed nuclear beta-catenin, p-Gsk3 beta, and downstream Wnt targets. Immunohistochemical analysis of foci also showed a reduction in Pten activation and up-regulation of both p-PDK1 (an AMPK kinase) and phosphorylated Akt. Our data are therefore consistent with deregulation of Wnt and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling cascades after loss of Lkb1 function. For the first time, this model establishes a link between the tumor suppressor Lkb1 and prostate neoplasia, highlighting a tumor suppressive role within the mouse and raising the possibility of a similar association in the human.
Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and 1979.
Authors: J D Wright, L Pearl
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A trend survey carried out by anonymous questionnaire of the knowledge and experience of drug abuse among fourth-year pupils in three Wolverhampton secondary schools in 1969, 1974, and 1979 showed familiarity with the names of drugs, but that there continues to be considerable ignorance and misunderstanding about how drugs are taken and their dangers. Contact with drugs and drug-taking increased over the first five years, but this trend was not continued through to 1979. Television remained the most important source of information about drugs, while peer group and social pressures remained the most important reason for starting to take drugs. Effective preventive measures must include a health education programme that discusses decision-making processes and a wider view of "drugs in society".
GMC regrets failure to act on police warning about gynaecologist
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The General Medical Council has admitted that it failed to act after police told it that a gynaecologist practising in Yorkshire had been struck off the medical register while working in Ontario, Canada.

An independent inquiry into the case of Richard Neale has turned up correspondence between the GMC and North Yorkshire Police about Mr Neale in 1988. However, it was only in 2000 that the GMC found Mr Neale guilty of serious professional misconduct—after he botched surgery, operated without consent, did unnecessary procedures, failed to monitor the condition of patients postoperatively, and duped a patient into paying for a private operation. It then struck Mr Neale's name from the UK medical register ( BMJ 2000;321:258).

Although the letters remain confidential, it is …
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 is expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells during renal allograft rejection
Authors: Matthias A. Neusser, Anna K. Kraus, Heinz Regele, Clemens D. Cohen, Thomas Fehr, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Rudolf P. Wüthrich, Mark E.T. Penfold, Thomas Schall, Stephan Segerer
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Amiodarone: clinical efficacy and toxicity in 96 patients with recurrent, drug-refractory arrhythmias.
Authors: R N Fogoros, K P Anderson, R A Winkle, C D Swerdlow, J W Mason
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Ninety-six patients with recurrent, drug-refractory tachyarrhythmias were treated with amiodarone for 8.0 +/- 7.5 months (range 1 day to 27 months): 77 for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), two for complex ventricular ectopy, and 17 for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The actuarial incidence of successful amiodarone therapy was 52 +/- 7% at 12 months and 28 +/- 9% at 24 months for patients with VT/VF. Neither patient with complex ventricular ectopy was successfully treated. Among the patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, 64.7% were successfully treated for 7.7 +/- 7.6 months (range 1 to 22 months). Amiodarone toxicity occurred in 66 of 91 patients (72.5%) treated for more than 1 week. Fourteen patients had therapy-limiting toxicity. Of these 14, six had pulmonary toxicity, four had arrhythmia exacerbation, one had hepatitis, one had renal toxicity, one had rash, and one had erythema nodosum. The actuarial incidence of therapy-limiting side effects was 27 +/- 7% at 15 months. We conclude that amiodarone is useful in the treatment of refractory tachyarrhythmias but that the rate of efficacy in VT/VF is lower and the incidence of significant toxicity is higher than has been generally appreciated.
131I SPECT/CT Demonstrated Ovarian Endometrioma
Authors: Tzyy-Ling Chuang, Chun-Shuo Hsu, Yuh-Feng Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 44-year-old woman had a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma and underwent total thyroidectomy and 131I ablation therapy. During the follow-up, 2-mCi 131I cancer workup showed an unusual shape of uptake in the pelvic region. Hybrid SPECT/CT revealed uptake posterior to the uterus, where sonography showed an 85.4-mm right ovarian endometrioma just corresponding to the location. Laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy showed right ovarian endometrioma (7 cm) and left ovarian cyst (4 cm). Pathologic findings showed bilateral endometriosis. After that survey, follow-up 131I cancer workup showed left supraclavicular, pretracheal, and right hilar metastatic lymphadenopathy with pulmonary metastasis, but no pelvic uptake was noted.
Chasing Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jonathan E. Dowell, John D. Minna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Non–small-cell lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in the United States, and worldwide it kills more than 1 million people annually. Approximately two thirds of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer present with locally advanced or metastatic disease that requires systemic therapy in addition to surgery or radiation therapy. The good news is that the results of systemic therapy are improving: chemotherapy prolongs survival and improves the quality of life for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer. The bad news is that systemic therapy is still woefully inadequate: only 30 to 40 percent of . . .
Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism.
Authors: P D Stein, C Athanasoulis, A Alavi, R H Greenspan, C A Hales, H A Saltzman, C E Vreim, M L Terrin, J G Weg
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) addressed the value of ventilation/perfusion scans in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The present study evaluates the risks and diagnostic validity of pulmonary angiography in 1,111 patients who underwent angiography in PIOPED:Complications were death in five (0.5%), major nonfatal complications in nine (1%), and less significant or minor in 60 (5%). More fatal or major nonfatal complications occurred in patients from the medical intensive care unit than elsewhere: five of 122 (4%) versus nine of 989 (1%) (p less than 0.02). Pulmonary artery pressure, volume of contrast material, and presence of PE did not significantly affect the frequency of complications. Renal dysfunction, either major (requiring dialysis) or less severe, occurred in 13 of 1,111 (1%). Patients who developed renal dysfunction after angiography were older than those who did not have renal dysfunction: 74 +/- 13 years versus 57 +/- 17 years (p less than 0.001). Angiograms were nondiagnostic in 35 of 1,111 (3%), and studies were incomplete in 12 of 1,111 (1%), usually because of a complication. Surveillance after negative angiograms showed PE in four of 675 (0.6%). Angiograms, interpreted on the basis of consensus readings, resulted in an unchallenged diagnosis in 96%.The risks of pulmonary angiography were sufficiently low to justify it as a diagnostic tool in the appropriate clinical setting. Clinical judgment is probably the most important consideration in the assessment of risk.
An anti-C3b(i) mAb enhances complement activation, C3b(i) deposition, and killing of CD20+ cells by rituximab
Authors: Adam D. Kennedy, Michael D. Solga, Theodore A. Schuman, Amos W. Chi, Margaret A. Lindorfer, William M. Sutherland, Patricia L. Foley, Ronald P. Taylor
Journal: Blood (2003)
Should nasal fractures be treated on the spot?
Authors: Jane Dunbar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

We all know the scenario at the side of the rugby pitch, as the team attendant or doctor yanks a nose straight before any pain is perceived by a front row “beauty” who then returns to play. But should nasal fractures be treated in this way, on the spot?

Would sports medicine doctors let their own broken noses be treated on the spot? 

“Yes, I'd have it put back pitch side—once I've retaliated and before the pain starts.” 

“Depends who by.” 

“Yes I'd like it put back immediately . . .but I've had my nose put back on the field several times and then had to have a surgeon sort it all out later, but that's OK.” (Personal discussions at the BASM 1999 …
Mycosis fungoides shows concurrent deregulation of multiple genes involved in the TNF signaling pathway: an expression profile study
Authors: Lorraine Tracey, Raquel Villuendas, Ana Maria Dotor, Inmaculada Spiteri, Pablo Ortiz, Juan F. García, Jose Luis Rodríguez Peralto, Mark Lawler, Miguel A. Piris
Journal: Blood (2003)
How to Prevent Septicaemia in Cases of Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: K. N. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1885)

NbTh.-Since, writing the abode,6 F.h6SiibdcbA1j4ihithTa4owA'`of February 7th, a letter from Drn F. iSitnt oh'th;httm Ia 1 tise of er- manganate of potash.hi regard to the stdtetnbit thst thig drig, "adininistered in tablets of the Atngth'of4he 'gtaisiges rse' at onee to ulceration of the kpartS it 6 nbAi §i ebntaetlWith,'-" I'4 hahd, no experience of any such effects; nor have I ever iiiid y aym- ptoms of gastric or intestinal irritation produced even after three to six graiihs ltve kbeen taxlti 4a,lyfor WQes-ThtjI havp,,Wqu rpsed the drug in tablets, but in 'ills.iThA the latter, it p perly made, should pass uncliaied thtotigh _h6`te'`t 1hdf`htlb iMttstinal canal, must be, it seems §ooie, a very' raro'qcence Kaolin ointment, it may be mentioned is the best excipient for making the pills ; and sacchariire ingredients should be carefully avoided, as being liable to' cause decom'position, an'd e+eAi spbnai;iout1 combeistion.Possibly'this tnay be the -secret of the ea,ltitic action produded by the tlets.J, j ,, ilb \ ; 1';18a!' ,? 'l *
Dihydropyridine receptor gene expression is regulated by inhibitors of myogenesis and is relatively insensitive to denervation.
Authors: H T Shih, M S Wathen, H B Marshall, J M Caffrey, M D Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To evaluate developmental and physiological signals that may influence expression of the dihydropyridine-sensitive "slow" Ca2+ channel, we analyzed dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) mRNA abundance in mouse skeletal muscle. Using synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the rabbit skeletal muscle DHPR, a 6.5 kb DHPR transcript was identified in postnatal skeletal muscle and differentiated C2 or BC3H1 myocytes, but not cardiac muscle or brain. DHPR gene expression was reversibly suppressed by 0.4 nM transforming growth factor beta-1 or by transfection with a mutant c-H-ras allele, nominal inhibitors of myogenesis that block the appearance of slow channels and DHPR. In contrast, both BC3H1 and C2 myocytes containing the activated ras vector expressed the gene encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor delta subunit, demonstrating that not all muscle-specific genes are extinguished by ras. Denervation stimulated DHPR gene expression less than 0.6-fold, despite 8-fold upregulation of delta-subunit mRNA and reciprocal effects on the skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes. Thus, DHPR gene induction is prevented by inhibitors of other muscle-specific genes, whereas, at most, relatively small changes in DHPR mRNA abundance occur during adaptation to denervation.
Is Continuous Sedation at the End of Life an Ethically Preferable Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Authors: Kasper Raus, Sigrid Sterckx, Freddy Mortier
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

The relatively new practice of continuous sedation at the end of life (CS) is increasingly being debated in the clinical and ethical literature. This practice received much attention when a U.S. Supreme Court ruling noted that the availability of CS made legalization of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) unnecessary, as CS could alleviate even the most severe suffering. This view has been widely adopted. In this article, we perform an in-depth analysis of four versions of this "argument of preferable alternative." Our goal is to determine the extent to which CS can be considered to be an alternative to PAS and to identify the grounds, if any, on which CS may be ethically preferable to PAS.