tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Paraprofessionals in Providing Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Low-Resource Communities
Authors: Shaili Jain
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of hormone binding in COS-7 cells expressing a mutated growth hormone receptor found in Laron dwarfism.
Authors: M Edery, M Rozakis-Adcock, L Goujon, J Finidori, C Lévi-Meyrueis, J Paly, J Djiane, M C Postel-Vinay, P A Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A single point mutation in the growth hormone (GH) receptor gene generating a Phe-->Ser substitution in the extracellular binding domain of the receptor has been identified in one family with Laron type dwarfism. The mutation was introduced by site-directed mutagenesis into cDNAs encoding the full-length rabbit GH receptor and the extracellular domain or binding protein (BP) of the human and rabbit GH receptor, and also in cDNAs encoding the full length and the extracellular domain of the related rabbit prolactin (PRL) receptor. All constructs were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Both wild type and mutant full-length rabbit GH and PRL receptors, as well as GH and prolactin BPs (wild type and mutant), were detected by Western blot in cell membranes and concentrated culture media, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies showed that wild type and mutant full-length GH receptors had the same cell surface and intracellular distribution and were expressed with comparable intensities. In contrast, all mutant forms (full-length receptors or BPs), completely lost their modify the synthesis ligand. These results clearly demonstrate that this point mutation (patients with Laron syndrome) does not modify the synthesis or the intracellular pathway of receptor proteins, but rather abolishes ability of the receptor or BP to bind GH and is thus responsible for the extreme GH resistance in these patients.
Opioid Analgesic Misuse in a Community-Based Cohort of HIV-Infected Indigent Adults
Authors: Maya Vijayaraghavan, Joanne Penko, David R. Bangsberg, Christine Miaskowski, Margot B. Kushel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Author(s): Vijayaraghavan, Maya; Penko, Joanne; Bangsberg, David R; Miaskowski, Christine; Kushel, Margot B
Abstract 5410: Simultaneously tackling NFκB and JNK pathways to sensitise breast cancer cell lines to conventional anticancer drugs
Authors: Nga C. Yip*, Ivo S. Fombon*, Peng Liu, Sarah Brown, Angel L. Armesilla, James Cassidy, John L. Darling, Weiguang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Many anticancer drugs induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. High ROS will activate JNK pathway and induce cancer cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, ROS also strongly induces NFκB activity which triggers expression of many antiapoptotic factors and inhibits ROS/JNK pathway therefore antagonises anticancer drug-induced programmed cell death. The fate of anticancer agent-treated cancer cells is highly determined by the cross-talk between NFκB and JNK pathways. In this study, we demonstrated that a clinically used anti-alcoholism drug, disulfiram (DS), simultaneously activated ROS-JNK pathway and inhibited NFκB. DS was cytotoxic to breast cancer cell lines in vitro. As a divalent metal ion chelator, the cytotoxic effect of DS on breast cancer cell lines was highly copper-dependent. In the medium containing physiological concentration of copper (Cu, 1µM) the IC50 concentrations of DS to breast cancer cell lines were 200 - 500nM. The chemosensitizing effect of DS on 3 anti-breast-cancer agents, gemecitabine (dFdC), doxorubicine (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAC), was determined in 3 breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D). In combination with DS/Cu, the cytotoxicity of dFdC, DOX and PAC was significantly enhanced (Table 1. DOX: 8 - 11-fold; dFdC: 1.2 - 4-fold; PAC: 4 - 10-fold). DS also reversed dFdC resistance in acquired dFdC resistant cell lines. CI-isobologram analysis demonstrated synergistic effect between DS and anticancer drugs. Flow cytometric analysis showed DS enhanced anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. DS enhanced anticancer drug-induced ROS activity. The phosphorylated c-Jun and JNK protein in breast cancer cell lines was significantly induced by exposure of cancer cells to DS/Cu complex. Transfection of NFκB p50 and p65 induced dFdC resistance in MCF7 cells. DS inhibited drug-induced IκBα degradation and NFκB activation. Our data suggested that DS may be developed as a chemosensitizer for BC chemotherapy. *Equal contributionTable 1.DS/Cu sensitised cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to breast cancer cell linesTreatmentsDrug: DS/CuMCF7MDA-MB-231T47DDOX (nM) 440.5 (16.2)178.5 (11.9)160.0 (5.5)DOX + DS/Cu1:540.3 (9.3)22.0 (2.0)21.5 (3.1)dFdC (nM) 22.1 (3.4)12.3 (2.2)35.0 (4.3)dFdC + DS/Cu1:104.9 (0.5)11.3 (1.2)12.4 (0.7)PAC (nM) 4.3 (1.4)9.3 (0.7)2.6 (0.3)PAC + DS/Cu1:62.50.4 (0.1)0.6 (0.02)0.7 (0.1) Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5410.
Selective inhibition of EZH2 and EZH1 enzymatic activity by a small molecule suppresses MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Bowen Xu, Doan M. On, Anqi Ma, Trevor Parton, Kyle D. Konze, Samantha G. Pattenden, David F. Allison, Ling Cai, Shira Rockowitz, Shichong Liu, Ying Liu, Fengling Li, Masoud Vedadi, Stephen V. Frye, Benjamin A. Garcia, Deyou Zheng, Jian Jin, Gang Greg Wang
Journal: Blood (2014)
A randomized investigator-blinded study comparing pimecrolimus cream 1% with tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in the treatment of pediatric patients with moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Steven Kempers, Mark Boguniewicz, Eric Carter, Michael Jarratt, David Pariser, Dan Stewart, Matt Stiller, Eduardo Tschen, Katie Chon, Steve Wisseh, Beatrice Abrams
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
POTENCY OF ANTIMENINGOCOCCIC SERUM
Authors: G. W. McCOY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

gravest problems at present in infant welfare work.This shortage makes an increase in the number of public health nurses for preventive infant welfare work all the more an urgent necessity.The National Organization for Public Health Nursing and the Committee on Nursing of the Council of National Defense are working in close cooperation with the Children's Year Campaign.The first named organization was appealed to by a conference of state child welfare chairmen to devise means of increasing the supply of nurses, and it has approved a plan for cooperating with states in which funds have been raised to employ a state supervisor of nurses either by the state department of health or by the state child welfare committee.The organization will help states to find suitable candidates for these positions, and through a traveling secretary will aid the state super¬ visor in developing emergency plans for training grad¬ uate nurses to do public health and infant welfare work.Already the child welfare committee of one state-Connecticut-has raised funds for this pur¬ pose ; and others are making plans to do so.In many of the states and in many cities much work for children as a war measure was being planned or carried on before the opening of the Children's Year Campaign.I wish there were space to tell of the splendid work that has been done.We hope that the general interest aroused by the campaign has aided the work already begun in those states and cities.All these lines of endeavor in our country and abroad, this whole movement for the conservation of children in war time which we are discussing today, will grow as the years go on.Some day, when the war is over, this movement for the protection of chil¬ dren, like that for the control of venereal diseases, will, I think, be considered among the important lines of progress that have developed from the great war.This article and those by Drs.L.
Concerns over data in key dabigatran trial
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Concerns over data in key dabigatran trialDeborah Cohen considers the evidence that there may be a higher risk of bleeding with dabigatran than has previously been reportedDeborah Cohen investigations editor, The BMJ One of the key selling points of the new oral anticoagulant dabigatran for use in stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation is that the drug requires no time consuming anticoagulant activity or drug plasma level monitoring.But the evidence on which these claims were based has been called into question by the publication of new material as a result of an investigation in The BMJ. 1 Documents released during US litigation and those obtained through freedom of information show how Boehringer Ingelheim, the makers of dabigatran, failed to share with regulators information on how monitoring plasma levels of the drug and subsequent dose adjustment could reduce risk of major bleeds.Boehringer, maintains, however, that the anticoagulant activity or plasma concentrations of dabigatran do not need to be monitored."Our scientists determined, and the Food and Drug Administration concurred, that the research does not support making dosage decisions based on plasma concentrations-a conclusion based solely on science and patient welfare," a spokesperson told The BMJ.Nevertheless there is evidence that there is a potentially higher bleeding risk with dabigatran than has been stated in publications of the single clinical trial used for regulatory approval and indeed, was previously stated to the regulators.Right from the start the design and oversight of the only key trial, the RE-LY trial, was poor.Writing in the Canadian independent drugs bulletin Therapeutics Letter in early 2011, academics issued concern over many aspects of the trial." [An] independent audit of RE-LY is needed to check for irregularities in conduct, sources of bias and the cause of the unusually high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the warfarin arm," they said. 2Earlier this year authors of a meta-analysis investigating the risk of intracranial haemorrhage with new oral anticoagulants said that primary investigators should make patient level data "public for the interest of scientific rigor."[3] Now further questions have emerged that cast doubt on the validity of the reported outcomes.
Recommendations for using MMR vaccine in children allergic to eggs
Authors: G A Khakoo
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The measles virus used in the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and single measles vaccine is grown in cultures of fibroblasts from chick embryos, and there have been concerns raised about the possible presence of egg protein in the vaccines and the advisability of administration to individuals who are allergic to eggs. We review the evidence for egg as the agent responsible for allergic reactions to MMR or measles vaccine and propose recommendations based on the evidence. The arguments presented also apply to the single mumps vaccine and all other vaccines derived from egg. The recommendations presented have been reviewed and endorsed by the Committee on Infection and Immunisation of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, and the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

#### Summary points

The majority of life threatening (cardiorespiratory) allergic reactions to MMR vaccine have been reported in children who are not allergic to eggs; these are more likely to be explained by the gelatin or neomycin contained in the vaccine than the ovalbumin

MMR vaccine is as safe as any other vaccine, and an allergy to eggs should not delay measles vaccination

The only children who need to be vaccinated in hospital are those with an allergy to eggs in whom previous exposure led to cardiorespiratory reactions and those with coexisting active, chronic asthma

Children with milder forms of allergy to eggs can be safely vaccinated without additional precautions

Any child experiencing an acute allergic reaction to MMR vaccine must have the reaction clearly defined and be evaluated for other allergies

References were found by performing a Medline search (for the years 1966-99), which identified 51 references, and by searching issue 3 of the 1999 Cochrane Library , which identified no references. We also reviewed the reference list of each study identified. Thirty four of the …
Problem-Based Learning for Health Improvement: Practical Public Health for Every Professional
Authors: I. Agell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Eds John Cornell and Frada Eskin Radcliffe Medical Press, £27.95, pp 248 ISBN 1 85775 501 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Public health remains for many an obscure area of medicine, one that is superficially explored during medical school and soon forgotten. This is probably a reflection of a hospital centred, specialist approach to medicine that focuses on the individual rather than on society. The focus has changed through history, along with social and political change; but the acceleration of change since the middle of the 19th … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Nifedipine in Intestinal Colic
Authors: N. S. D. Al-Waili
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocking agent, relaxes smooth muscle and has been widely used for the treatment of coronary insufficiency and hypertension. Used for its spasmolytic effect, nifedipine has been found to be effective in relieving acute and recurrent urinary colic.<sup>1</sup>It exhibits relaxant activity in the intestinal tract and diminishes abnormal colonic motor response to distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.<sup>2,3</sup>I, therefore, decided to conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlledstudy to test the benefit of oral nifedipine in acute intestinal colic. <h3>Study.—</h3> I studied 28 patients (18 men and 10 women) with acute intestinal colic due to bacillary or amebic dysentery. Their ages ranged from 20 to 35 years. The patients were seen within 12 hours of the start of their symptoms and had taken no medications. They underwent complete physical examination, and the diagnosis of the cause of their colic
THE RADICAL MASTOID OPERATION.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Ballance, of London, makes a plastic operation that is used by many operators and undoubtedly yields good results. He cuts through the inferior wall of the cartilaginous meatus (Fig. 27) from its tympanic end to the inferior portion of the concha. This incision is then curved (Fig. 28) upward and backward until the level of the anterior beginning of the helix is reached where it stops. This cartilaginous flap is thinned of all possible superfluous tissue, and sometimes of some of its cartilage, and is then turned back and the curved portion fastened with through and through sutures (Fig. 29) to the large anterior mastoid flap (Fig. 30). The parts are thus placed in position (Fig. 31) and the meatus expanded and forced against the bone as well as possible by firm gauze packing (Fig. 32). Some operators do not trust to the various flap operations to epidermize the bone
C1 INH Concentrate in the Therapy of Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: L. Berciamaschini, M. Cicardi, A. Tucci, M. Gardinali, D. Frangi, C. Valle, A. Agostoni
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Ten acute attacks were managed in nine patients with hereditary angioedema by means of the infusion of a C1 INH concentrate produced on large scale. No side effects were observed.
Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Nutrients on Blood Lipids: Results from Four Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Studies in Healthy Humans
Authors: Margreet R Olthof, Trinette van Vliet, Petra Verhoef, Peter L Zock, Martijn B Katan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Betaine (trimethylglycine) lowers plasma homocysteine, a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies in renal patients and in obese individuals who are on a weight-loss diet suggest that betaine supplementation raises blood cholesterol; data in healthy individuals are lacking. Such an effect on cholesterol would counteract any favourable effect on homocysteine. We therefore investigated the effect of betaine, of its precursor choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine, and of the classical homocysteine-lowering vitamin folic acid on blood lipid concentrations in healthy humans.We measured blood lipids in four placebo-controlled, randomised intervention studies that examined the effect of betaine (three studies, n = 151), folic acid (two studies, n = 75), and phosphatidylcholine (one study, n = 26) on plasma homocysteine concentrations. We combined blood lipid data from the individual studies and calculated a weighted mean change in blood lipid concentrations relative to placebo. Betaine supplementation (6 g/d) for 6 wk increased blood LDL cholesterol concentrations by 0.36 mmol/l (95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.46), and triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.04-0.23) relative to placebo. The ratio of total to HDL cholesterol increased by 0.23 (0.14-0.32). Concentrations of HDL cholesterol were not affected. Doses of betaine lower than 6 g/d also raised LDL cholesterol, but these changes were not statistically significant. Further, the effect of betaine on LDL cholesterol was already evident after 2 wk of intervention. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation (providing approximately 2.6 g/d of choline) for 2 wk increased triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.06-0.21), but did not affect cholesterol concentrations. Folic acid supplementation (0.8 mg/d) had no effect on lipid concentrations.Betaine supplementation increased blood LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans, which agrees with the limited previous data. The adverse effects on blood lipids may undo the potential benefits for cardiovascular health of betaine supplementation through homocysteine lowering. In our study phosphatidylcholine supplementation slightly increased triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans. Previous studies of phosphatidylcholine and blood lipids showed no clear effect. Thus the effect of phosphatidylcholine supplementation on blood lipids remains inconclusive, but is probably not large. Folic acid supplementation does not seem to affect blood lipids and therefore remains the preferred treatment for lowering of blood homocysteine concentrations.
Pneumothorax Following "Trigger Point" Injection
Authors: Nathaniel Shafer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Antoni reviewed 226 cases of pneumothorax occurring in patients treated at the Henry Ford Hospital during the period 1955 to 1959, of which 76 were iatrongenically produced.<sup>1</sup>Techniques used by the surgeons, otolaryngologists, internists, gastroenterologists, and anesthesiologists could be complicated by pneumothorax and he urged that all physicians be cognizant of this complication. Iatrogenic causes included scalene node biopsy, arterial catheterization, pneumoperitoneum, tracheotomy, and radical neck dissection. Although Osler mentions the occurrence of pneumothorax as a result of exploration with needles, he does not indicate after which procedure or explorations this may occur. Pleural biopsy, now a widely accepted procedure, may be complicated by pneumothorax as well as intercostal nerve injury or hemorrhage. We recently encountered a case of traumatic pneumothorax as a result of injection of "trigger-points" on the neck with a local anesthetic. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 29-year-old white man was admitted to
The harms and benefits of modern screening mammography
Authors: J. G. Elmore, R. P. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Women need more balanced information

The Swiss Medical Board, an independent health technology assessment consortium, recently reviewed the evidence for breast cancer screening and made recommendations to its government. The board noted that the current debate on the benefits and harms of mammography screening is based on outdated randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and that it was “non-obvious” that the benefits outweighed the harms.1 They recommended that no new mammography screening programmes should be introduced in Switzerland and that the existing ones should be phased out.1

The Swiss Medical Board relied on a review by another panel: the Independent United Kingdom Panel on Breast Cancer Screening.2 Using data from the published RCTs, the UK panel estimated that for every 10 000 women aged 50 invited to screen for the next 20 years, about 43 would avoid a death from breast cancer and the remaining 9957 would receive no mortality benefit. About 129 women would be treated unnecessarily as a result of overdiagnosis, a ratio of three women with overdiagnosed cancers to one woman with a breast cancer death avoided. 

As both panels noted, data from older RCTs are not ideal for determining the benefits and harms of modern day screening. Instead, observational studies such …
TRACHOMA, ITS PREVALENCE AND CONTROL AMONG IMMIGRANTS
Authors: JOHN McMULLEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

For the purpose of this paper, trachoma, or granular lids, may be defined as a communicable disease of the conjunctiva of unknown etiology, chronic in character, and prone to remissions and exacerbations. It is characterized by granules or the so-called trachoma bodies, with more or less hypertrophy, is most resistant to treatment and is always followed by the stage of cicatrization. By reason of its communicability, chronicity of course and often disastrous results, trachoma is the most important of all the inflammatory diseases of the conjunctiva.  The dissemination of trachoma has often been charged to Napoleon's soldiers when they returned to Europe from Egypt, where they suffered extensively with a distressing ophthalmia. It is undoubtedly of far more ancient origin, however. It is supposed to have been originally endemic in the Orient, whence it extended gradually to the westward. Trachoma has usually been considered as an exotic disease, but recent
Assessing the Predictive Validity and Efficacy of a Multimodal Training Programme for Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP)
Authors: Marto Sugiono, Dogu Teber, Gabriel Anghel, Ali Serdar Gözen, Christian Stock, Marcel Hruza, Thomas Frede, Jan Klein, Jens J. Rassweiler
Journal: European Urology (2006)
TCT-744 Double (360mg) Loading Dose Of Ticagrelor In Patients With ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Vassilios Gkizas, George Kassimis, Konstantinos Theodoropoulos, Tsigkas Grigorios, Ioannis Chiladakis, Anastasia Damelou, George Hahalis, Periklis Davlouros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)