tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1787: Vertebral Artery Stent Placement for Symptomatic Patients: One-Year Follow-up
Authors: Samir N Patel, J. Stephen Jenkins, Christopher J White, Paul McMullan, J.P. Reilly, Tyrone J Collins, Stephen R Ramee
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) has a five-year stroke risk of 30%–35%. Mortality associated with posterior circulation (PC) strokes is high, ranging from 20%–30%. Surgical revascularization is rarely performed due to high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular revascularization with stents offers a potential treatment option for these patients. Methods : One hundred nine patients (116 arteries, 70% male) underwent stent placement for extracranial (91%) and intracranial (9%) VAS from 1995–2006. Symptoms included vertigo (63%), visual changes (31%), syncope (11%), ataxia (7%), and drop attack (5%). Four patients had asymptomatic critical stenosis. Sixty-one patients (56%) had bilateral VAS, 74 patients (69%) had concomitant carotid disease, and 43 patients (39%) had a prior stroke. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis of ≤ 20% without peri-procedural stroke or death. Clinical success was defined as procedural success with symptom resolution. Restenosis was defined as angiographic narrowing within the stent of ≥ 70% or &gt; 50% with recurrent symptoms, or evidence of severe stenosis on non-invasive imaging (ultrasound, CT, or MR). Results : Procedural and clinical success was achieved in 108 (99.1%) and 95 (94.3%) patients, respectively. At one year, follow-up was obtained in 91 patients (83.5%), 6 patients (5.5%) had died, 5 patients (5.3%) experienced a PC stroke, and 47 patients (43.1%) underwent repeat angiography and/or non-invasive imaging. Eighty-seven of the 91 patients were initially symptomatic, 69 (79.3%) of which were symptom-free at one year. Three of those that had recurrent symptoms never achieved clinical success, 9 had developed restenosis, and 7 underwent successful re-intervention. At median follow-up of 31 months (lower and upper quartiles of 13.0 and 51.8 months), 72.5% were alive and 71.6% remained symptom-free. Conclusion : Our data demonstrates that stenting for VAS can be successfully performed in 99% of patients without peri-procedural stroke or death and is associated with durable symptom resolution in approximately 80% of patients at one year. In these high-risk patients, endovascular therapy for symptomatic VAS appears to be safe and effective at relieving symptoms.
Abstract 1172: Inducible and Cardiac Specific Overexpression of the Neuronal NO Synthase (nNOS or NOS1) Enzyme in a New Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Natalie Burkard, Matthias Hallhuber, Jenny Muck, Kai Hu, Stefan Frantz, Kai Schuh, Adam Rokita, Lars Maier, Oliver Ritter
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The role of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS or NOS I) enzyme in the control of cardiac function remains still unclear. Results from nNOS − /− mice are contradictory. We hypothesize that nNOS decreases myocardial contractility by affecting myocardial Ca2+ balance. To test this hypothesis a new transgenic mouse model with an inducible, myocardial nNOS overexpression was established in our working group. For generation of this transgenic animal model the Tet-Off system was used. Western blot analysis of mice transgene nNOS overexpression showed a 6-fold increase in nNOS protein expression compared to non-induced littermates (n = 12; p < 0.01). Measuring of total NOS activity by the conversion of [3H]-L-arginine to [3H]-L-citrulline showed a 27.3 ± 9.9% increase in the nNOS overexpressing mice (n = 5; p < 0.05). The phenotype of the nNOS overexpressing mice is heart failure already 2 weeks after induction. The heart-/bodyweight ratio was increased significantly (56.6 ± 5.3%; n = 11; p < 0.05). In vivo examinat...
Investigation of survivin gene expression in non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Engin Aynaci, Sadettin Kamat, Yasemin Müsteri Oltulu, Pinar Yildiz, Ender Coskunpinar, Neslihan Akanil, Onur Kum, Ilhan Yaylim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The survivin gene is located on human chromosome 17q25 which is composed of 142 amino acids. Survivin is one of the first reported inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which is an important family of proteins that regulate apoptosis. Survivin gene expression aberration providing a sensitivity for the development of lung cancer. A common polymorphism on the survivin gene promoter (-31G/C) has been shown to influence the survivin expression and the risk of cancer development. The genetic variant -31G/C on the survivin promoter region has been identified to be associated with overexpression of survivin at both protein and mRNA levels in cancer cells. The overexpression of survivin was found to be associated with disease development, recurrence and prognosis in various malignancies, including cancers. In this study the demonstration of the prognosis related associations between surviving gene expression and non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was aimed. There were 27 surgically operated NSCLC patients included to the study

View this table:

Nucleolar survivin expression





. Immunohistochemical staining technique was used as the method. According to the survivin gene expression analysis no statistically significant difference were found

View this table:

Cytoplasmic survivin expression





.
Slipped-strand mispairing in a plastid gene: rpoC2 in grasses (Poaceae).
Authors: M P Cummings, L M King, E A Kellogg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

An exception to the generally conservative nature of plastid gene evolution is the gene coding for the beta" subunit of RNA polymerase, rpoC2. Previous work by others has shown that maize and rice have an insertion in the coding region of rpoC2, relative to spinach and tobacco. To assess the distribution of this extra coding sequence, we surveyed a broad phylogenetic sample comprising 55 species from 17 angiosperm families by using Southern hybridization. The extra coding sequence is restricted to the grasses (Poaceae). DNA sequence analysis of 11 species from all five subfamilies within the grass family demonstrates that the extra sequence in the coding region of rpoC2 is a repetitive array that exhibits more than a twofold increase in nucleotide substitution, as well as a large number of insertion/deletion events, relative to the adjacent flanking sequences. The structure of the array suggests that slipped-strand mispairing causes the repeated motifs and adds to the mechanisms through which the coding sequence of plastid genes are known to evolve. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequence data from grass species support several relationships previously suggested by morphological work, but they are ambiguous about broad relationships within the family.
Abstract 10168: Development of a Novel Shock Wave Catheter Ablation System to Overcome the Limitations of the Present Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Therapy
Authors: Yuhi Hasebe, Masateru Kondo, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Makoto Nakano, Yuji Wakayama, Koji Fukuda, Kazuyoshi Takayama, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Although radio-frequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been prevailed as the therapeutic modality for tachy-arrhythmias, there are 2 fundamental and unavoidable problems with this therap...
Phase II Study of Paclitaxel and Valspodar (PSC 833) in Refractory Ovarian Carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Paula M. Fracasso, Mark F. Brady, David H. Moore, Joan L. Walker, Peter G. Rose, Laurie Letvak, Thomas M. Grogan, William P. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: A phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy of paclitaxel and valspodar (PSC 833) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Valspodar, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine D analogue that reverses P-glycoprotein–mediated multidrug resistance, in combination with paclitaxel might be active in paclitaxel-resistant and refractory ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received valspodar 5 mg/kg orally qid × 12 doses. Paclitaxel (70 mg/m 2 intravenously for 3 hours) was administered on day 2, 2 hours after the fifth or sixth dose of valspodar. This treatment was repeated every 21 days. One blood sample was collected before the sixth dose of valspodar for the first three cycles to evaluate valspodar trough concentration. Tumor tissue was obtained from patients for immunohistochemical staining of P-glycoprotein. RESULTS: Of 60 patients entered, 58 were assessable for response. There were five partial responses (8.6%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 3.8 to 20.0; median duration of response, 5.0 months [range, 1.9 to 10.5 months]). Median progression-free survival was 1.5 months (90% CI, 1.4 to 2.4). Grade 3 or 4 toxicities observed were neutropenia, anemia, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar ataxia. The trough concentrations of valspodar were ≥ 1,000 ng/mL in all but two of 40 patients in the first cycle. Immunohistochemical staining for P-glycoprotein was positive for one of two responding patients. CONCLUSION: Valspodar in combination with paclitaxel has limited activity in patients with paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma. An international randomized clinical trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without valspodar as first-line therapy in advanced ovarian cancer is underway.
Abstract P2-18-06: Low dose capecitabine is effective and relatively nontoxic in breast cancer treatment
Authors: John Carpenter
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Capecitabine has been widely used in treatment of both early and advanced breast cancer in the United States since 1998. The dose limiting toxicity is diarrhea, which is dose limiting and can be severe. Lower doses are widely used without any apparent compromise in efficacy and are consistently less toxic (see Naughton, Clinical Breast Cancer 2010). Here a continuous dose regimen of capecitabine 1000 mg. daily was used in 24 patients with breast cancer, both early and advanced, from March 2012-September 2013. Four received the drug as adjuvant treatment, 8 as preoperative therapy, and 12 for advanced disease. Duration of treatment ranged from 0.5 to 15 months. Toxicity was modest: 1 had moderate nausea, none experienced vomiting, 2 mild anemia (one with marrow replacement by tumor), 2 mild palmar irritation, and 1 grade 1 thrombopenia. No diarrhea was seen. One patient died of hepatic necrosis and portal vein thrombosis; the relationship to treatment was uncertain. 12/20 with measurable disease experienced a response to treatment (1 complete and 11 partial responses by RECIST criteria), 1 had stable metastatic disease for 9 months, and 7 had progression of disease. The median duration of response was 5 months (range 2-15 months). Use of capecitabine in this dose and schedule for treatment of breast cancer appears comparably effective to higher conventional doses and dramatically less toxic. Citation Format: John Carpenter. Low dose capecitabine is effective and relatively nontoxic in breast cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-18-06.
Distribution of phylogenetic groups, sequence type ST131, and virulence-associated traits among Escherichia coli isolates from men with pyelonephritis or cystitis and healthy controls
Authors: T. Kudinha, J.R. Johnson, S.D. Andrew, F. Kong, P. Anderson, G.L. Gilbert
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)

Urinary tract infections (UTI), which are mostly caused by Escherichia coli, are an important public health problem worldwide. Although men experience diverse UTI syndromes, there have been relatively few molecular-epidemiological studies of UTI pathogenesis in men. We studied the distribution of 22 E. coli virulence factor (VF) genes, major phylogenetic groups, sequence type ST131, and UTI-associated O antigens among 101 pyelonephritis, 153 cystitis and 135 fecal healthy control E. coli isolates from men aged 30-70 years in a regional area of NSW, Australia. Overall, the studied traits exhibited a prevalence gradient across these groups, highest in pyelonephritis, intermediate in cystitis, and lowest among fecal isolates. Differences in virulence gene prevalence between cystitis and pyelonephritis isolates were limited to eight genes. The UTI-associated O antigens were also distributed widely, but types O6, O25 and O75 were significantly associated with pyelonephritis. The ST131 clonal group, which accounted for 13% of isolates overall (22% of group B2 isolates), likewise exhibited a significant descending prevalence gradient from pyelonephritis (36%), through cystitis (8%), to fecal (0%) isolates. These findings contribute to better understanding of the pathogenesis of UTIs in men and identify specific VF genes and O types, and a prominent clonal group (ST131), as being important in UTI pathogenesis in this population.
Detection of enteroviral infection in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Authors: Mario Marianil, Anna S. Petronio, Maria T. Manes, Marcello Morelli, Donatella Squecco, Hncenxo Nardini, Generoso Bevilacqua, Luca Ceccherini-Nelli
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1996)
Plp1 mutation induces altered respiratory response to an airway challenge
Authors: Elena Rodriguez, Grace M. Hobson, Lauren Sakowski, Yan Zhu, Milena Armani, Thomas Shaffer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a disease caused by mutations of the proteolipid protein1 ( PLP1 ) gene that result in defective CNS myelination. Mice with an extra copy of Plp1 , called Plp1 dup, develop a syndrome that models the duplication form of PMD. Patients with all except the mildest forms have respiratory involvement. Objective: We hypothesized that Plp1 dup mice would lack protective airway responsiveness (AR) to an autonomic drug challenge. To address this, we investigated whether respiratory mechanics in these mice would be different at baseline (BL) or during methacholine (MCh) challenge. Methods : Wild type (Wt) n=16, carrier (Car) n=8 & affected (Af) n=17 mice, 3 months (3m) and 6 months old (6m), were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated & challenged with 0.1-6 mg/ml of aerosolized MCh. We calculated resistance (R), dynamic/static compliance (Cdyn/Cstat), asynchrony (PhRTB); lung tissue biomarkers & histological analysis are ongoing. Results: BL differences were found in R, between Wt6 vs.Car6 (p=<0.05) dependent on group (p=<0.001) & age (p=<0.0001), and in Cdyn, among Wt3 vs. Af3 (p=<0.01). MCh increased R as a function of dose in Wt6 & Car6, whereas Af6 mice lacked sensitivity to MCh (p=<0.05). No differences in body weight, gender (Wt females vs. Wt Males) and Cstat were found. Af6 mice had the highest PhRTB. Conclusions: Wt mice compared with Af mice were lacking of AR to MCh at 6m, but not at 3m. These results indicate an age-associated lack of protective autonomic AR in the Plp1 dup mouse model and suggest that respiratory autonomic disequilibrium may contribute to the respiratory involvement in PMD patients. The Plp1 dup animal model may be used for testing therapeutic interventions.
Determinants of change in quality of life after smoking cessation of health care employees
Authors: Rebecca Finger, Michael Tamm, Bruno Seiffert, Martin Kuster, Anja Meyer, Daiana Stolz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We aimed to assess the influence of a smoking cessation programme on quality of life (Qol).  703 smoking employees from University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, and two local health industry companies (Novartis Pharma AG, F.Hoffmann- La Roche AG) participated on a structured smoking cessation programm. This consisted of 10 visits with counselling and motivational within 2 years of follow-up. Various modalities of nicotine replacement therapy and/or bupropion were offered. Quality of life was asessed by Satisfaction with Life scale (Qol). The impact of several factors on quality of life was analyzed by linear mixed effect model (fixed effects with 95% confidence intervalls are shown in parentheses)  38% of participants were abstinent from nicotine after 2 years. Successful quitting at 2 years was associated with a significant improvement in quality of life (0.75 95% CI 0.015;1.49; p= 0.045). Smokers with higher quality of life (Qol) at baseline showed greater improvement than those with lower baseline values (0.5 95% CI 0.42; 0.57; p  The outcome of a quit attempt as well as baseline quality of life, pharmocological support and time influenced quality of life within 2 years of a quit attempt.
The synthetic streptococcus pneumoniae oligosaccharide conjugate protected mice from severe pneumonia
Authors: Katrin Reppe, Chakkumkal Anish, Roland Bell, Sharavathi G. Parameswarappa, Subramanian Govindan, Claney L. Pereira, Kristina Dietert, Leif E. Sander, Achim D. Gruber, Norbert Suttorp, Peter H. Seeberger, Martin Witzenrath
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives:  Currently approved pneumococcal vaccines comprise only a part of the clinically relevant  S. pneumoniae  serotypes. Moreover, high costs limit their administration, particularly in developing countries. An innovative chemical method enables the synthesis of almost any capsular polysaccharide antigen of  S. pneumoniae  and thereby, a cost-efficient rapid production of polyvalent vaccines according to the clinical and epidemiological necessity. In the current pilot study, the protective effect of a new glycoconjugate vaccine consisting of a synthetic capsular oligosaccharide of  S. pneumoniae  serotype 3 was examined.   Methods:  Mice were subcutaneously immunised with monovalent glycoconjugate with or without the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (alum) and boosted twice at two week intervals prior to transnasal infection with  S. pneumoniae  serotype 3.   Results  :  The synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine induced the production of specific antibodies against serotype 3 capsular oligosaccharide in mice. Pneumococcal infection was associated with hypothermia and loss of body weight in non-vaccinated controls and glycoconjugate vaccinated mice, but not in mice immunised with glycoconjugate and alum. Bacterial load of lung, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood was significantly decreased in mice vaccinated in combination with the adjuvant. Immunisation with glycoconjugate and alum prior to pneumococcal infection reduced cytokine release into the bronchoalveolar space and prevented damage of the endoepithelial barrier.   Conclusion:  Immunisation with  S. pneumoniae  serotype 3 glycoconjugate protected mice from severe pneumococcal pneumonia by inducing protective antibodies.   Funding: SFB/TR84 .
Long-term proton pump inhibitor administration, H pylori and gastric cancer: lessons from the gerbil
Authors: James G. Fox, Ernst J. Kuipers
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The association between chronic active gastritis and pre-neoplastic conditions as well as invasive cancer of the stomach was established several decades ago. The risk of progression depended on the severity and distribution of gastritis, with cancer, in particular, occurring in subjects with pan-gastritis. Subsequently, Helicobacter pylori was recognised as the primary cause of chronic active gastritis, and it was demonstrated that the pattern of gastritis corresponded with the colonisation pattern of H pylori . We and others then showed both in animals and in humans that this pattern of colonisation and associated gastritis primarily depended on the level of acid output.1 2 Although this hypothesis was widely accepted, it led to intense debate when dealing with the safety of long-term treatment with profound acid suppressors. An elegant, long-awaited study from Japan published in this issue of Gut ( see page 624 ) provides compelling evidence that the pattern of H pylori colonisation depends on acid output and that this influences the long-term progression to neoplasia.3

The current study was based on experiments in gerbils, one of the well-established animal models for the study gastric disease induced by Helicobacter spp.4 Gerbils, used sparingly for biomedical research, were first reported as a model for experimental H pylori infection in 1991.5 Interestingly, the gerbil has been shown …
Influence of smoking dosage and chronic obstructive lung disease on the incidence of appropriate therapies and mortality in patients with structural heart disease and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Jens Kreuz, Joerg Schwab, Georg Nickenig, Dirk Skowasch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives  This study was initiated to explore the influence of smoking dosage and presence of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) on the incidence of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interventions and on mortality.  Background  Prior studies on ICD patients suggested that nicotine consumption increases the risk of experiencing an appropriate ICD therapy. There is no substantial data regarding the influence of cigarette smoking dosage on overall mortality in such endangered patients.  Methods  349 patients with structural heart disease equipped with an ICD were included. Every patient answered a questionnaire regarding his smoking status and performed a spirometry and body plethysmography.  Results  104 patients (30%) suffered from COPD. 58 patients (17%) were current smokers, 196 patients (56%) revealed as former smokerswhile 93 (27%) patients were registered as never smokers. 163 patients (47%) received at least one appropriate ICD intervention during follow up (median 48+/-8 months). Twenty-three patients died during this study (6.6%). There was no association of COPD with the incidence of appropriate ICD therapies or mortality. Smoking dosage revealed as a significant risk factor for both appropriate ICD interventions (hazard ratio (HR) 1.5 for 60 pack years (PY) p=0.04) and mortality (HR 2.3 for 60 PY p=0.02).  Discussion  This study demonstrates a dose related increased risk of smokers for appropriate ICD interventions and mortality. The results of this trail urge a strict nicotine abstinence, especially in ICD patients with a structural heart disease.
Abstract 183: Prevalence and Development of Clinical States During Resuscitation from In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Trond Nordseth, Dana P Edelson, Daniel Bergum, Theresa M Olasveengen, Trygve Eftestøl, Benjamin Abella, Eirik Skogvoll
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background During resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest the clinical state determines the management. The state will change either spontaneously (e.g. pulseless electrical activity [PEA] - asystole [ASY]), or due to intervention (e.g. ventricular fibrillation/-tachycardia [VF/VT] - return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC] following shock). The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the development of clinical states in patients receiving advanced life support (ALS). Methods Defibrillator files from 261 in-hospital cardiac arrests at the University of Chicago Hospital (Il, USA) and St.Olav University Hospital (Trondheim, Norway) were analyzed. The clinical states ASY, PEA, VF/VT, ROSC and death were annotated along the time axis. The average transition probabilities over all 2-minute periods (recommended CPR “loop” duration), were estimated using a Markov model. Results The figure shows the development of clinical states during the first 30 minutes of ALS. The inserted matrix shows the estimated probabilities of moving from one state (rows) to another (columns), during the next two minutes of ALS. E.g. a patient in PEA has a probability of 0.16 of gaining ROSC during (any) two minutes. Relapse to PEA from ROSC has a probability of 0.17. The prevalence of ROSC continues to increase until about 25 minutes of ALS, where about 45% of the patients have obtained ROSC and 35% have been declared dead. Discussion We provide a basic description of the dynamics of resuscitation from in-hospital cardiac arrest. Understanding these dynamics enables the provider to focus on important transitions (e.g. relapse from ROSC), and may provide a basis for improved tailored therapy.