tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OECD finds some countries are too restrictive about sharing personal data
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has identified “considerable and troubling differences” in the way countries collect and use personal health data for public benefit.

The study found that some OECD countries, including the United Kingdom, have been able to balance individual privacy rights with seeking to use data to monitor population health and improve the quality of services. Other countries, however, have been unnecessarily restrictive about how data can be shared and need to be supported to “reduce obstacles” to data use.

The OECD warned that forthcoming legislative reforms could “turn back the clock on the progress that has been made in enabling access to and use of personal …
Abstract 3391: Alteration of mammary tumor cell behavior by FLIZ1
Authors: Torri Anderson, Christopher Cali, Katherine Bell, Keith G. Danielson, Ashley Klein, Christina Martin, Sara Radecki, Adam Santoro, John A. Schmidt, Janice E. Knepper
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fetal liver zinc finger protein (FLIZ1, ZC3H8) was previously described as a negative regulator of GATA3 expression in T cells. GATA3 also is an important determinant of mammary cell fate and breast tumor cell behavior. We hypothesized that FLIZ1 also regulates GATA3 in the mammary gland, thereby influencing normal and tumor cell processes controlled by GATA3. We identified tumor cell lines with high levels of FLIZ1 expression, and transfected them with vectors driving expression of FLIZ1-interfering RNAs. Stable transfectants (Flizout cells) were evaluated for ability to migrate in a wound healing assay, and were found to have decreased mobility. Flizout cells also grew more slowly and with more pronounced epithelial morphology in media containing charcoal-stripped serum, suggesting increased dependence on steroid hormones. Flizout cells were compared to control cells in proliferation assays, and were found to grow at equivalent rates in standard media, but Flizout cells grew at decreased rates in the presence of tamoxifen. We implanted Flizout cells and controls into the mammary glands of syngeneic female mice, which were then treated with tamoxifen or peanut oil vehicle alone. Flizout cells grew more slowly in tamoxifen-treated animals, and tissue weights were significantly less than controls. In order to determine if FLIZ1 plays a role in the normal mammary gland, we assessed its expression during stages of mouse mammary gland development by immunoblot, and found FLIZ1 expression increased during mammary involution. These data are consistent with a role for FLIZ1 in regulation of mammary cell growth and tumor cell behavior. Citation Format: Torri Anderson, Christopher Cali, Katherine Bell, Keith G. Danielson, Ashley Klein, Christina Martin, Sara Radecki, Adam Santoro, John A. Schmidt, Janice E. Knepper. Alteration of mammary tumor cell behavior by FLIZ1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3391
Association Between Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonists and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lars H. Lund, Lina Benson, Ulf Dahlström, Magnus Edner
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) may be as common and as lethal as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Three randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ie, renin-angiotensin system [RAS] antagonists) did not reach primary end points but may have had selection bias or been underpowered.To test the hypothesis that use of RAS antagonists is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in an unselected population with HFPEF.Prospective study using the Swedish Heart Failure Registry of 41,791 unique patients registered from 64 hospitals and 84 outpatient clinics between 2000 and 2011. Of these, 16,216 patients with HFPEF (ejection fraction ≥40%; mean [SD] age, 75 [11] years; 46% women) were either treated (n = 12,543) or not treated (n = 3673) with RAS antagonists. Propensity scores for RAS antagonist use were derived from 43 variables. The association between use of RAS antagonists and all-cause mortality was assessed in a cohort matched 1:1 based on age and propensity score and in the overall cohort with adjustment for propensity score as a continuous covariate. To assess consistency, separate age and propensity score-matched analyses were performed according to RAS antagonist dose in patients with HFPEF and in 20,111 patients with HFREF (ejection fraction <40%) in the same registry.All-cause mortality.In the matched HFPEF cohort, 1-year survival was 77% (95% CI, 75%-78%) for treated patients vs 72% (95% CI, 70%-73%) for untreated patients, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98; P = .008). In the overall HFPEF cohort, crude 1-year survival was 86% (95% CI, 86%-87%) for treated patients vs 69% (95% CI, 68%-71%) for untreated patients, with a propensity score-adjusted HR of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96; P = .001). In the HFPEF dose analysis, the HR was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.83) for 50% or greater of target dose vs no treatment (P < .001) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.02) for less than 50% of target dose vs no treatment (P = .14). In the age and propensity score-matched HFREF analysis, the HR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.86; P < .001).Among patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, the use of RAS antagonists was associated with lower all-cause mortality.
Variants of two major T cell epitopes within the hepatitis B surface antigen are not recognized by specific T helper cells of vaccinated individuals
Authors: Tanja Bauer, Klaus Weinberger, Wolfgang Jilg
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Several naturally occurring variants of immunogenic T cell epitopes were identified within the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The effect of these variants on the cellular immune response was studied in individuals vaccinated against HBV. Class-II restricted T-cell responses of 30 vaccinees were analyzed after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 4 synthetic peptides representing the 4 T-cell epitopes of HBsAg known as of yet. The 2 epitopes P1 (aa 16-33) and P4 (aa 213-226) could be identified as the dominant ones in our vaccinees by proliferation assays and enzyme-linked immunospot assays. Responses to these epitopes were compared with responses to their naturally occurring variants found in HBV isolates of chronic virus carriers. Three of 11 variants of epitope P4 led to a complete loss of T-cell reactivity in 4 of 10 donors, all of whom reacted well to the corresponding wild-type sequence. The remaining 6 donors recognized these variants as well as the vaccine epitope. Similarly, 3 P1-variants of the 12 found induced only a significantly reduced reactivity in 4 of 10 donors, whereas they led to a normal response in the other 6 individuals. Stimulation of T cells also induced the secretion of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) by specific B cells; however, those peptides that failed to activate T cells were also unable to cause any significant anti-HBs production. In conclusion, our results suggest an immune escape of certain mutant strains of HBV in vaccinated individuals could exist at the T-cell level.
Anaphylaxis to pork kidney is related to <scp>I</scp>g<scp>E</scp> antibodies specific for galactose‐alpha‐1,3‐galactose
Authors: M. Morisset, C. Richard, C. Astier, S. Jacquenet, A. Croizier, E. Beaudouin, V. Cordebar, F. Morel‐Codreanu, N. Petit, D. A. Moneret‐Vautrin, G. Kanny
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Carbohydrate‐specific I g E antibodies present on nonprimate mammalian proteins were incriminated recently in delayed meat anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to explore whether anaphylaxis to mammalian kidney is also associated with galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α G al)‐specific I g E . Methods Fourteen patients with anaphylaxis to pork or beef kidney underwent prick tests to meat and kidney. Some patients also underwent skin tests to Erbitux ® (cetuximab). I g E antibodies to α G al, swine urine proteins, beef and pork meat, serum albumin proteins, cat, and r Fel d 1 were measured by I mmuno CAP ® . The αGal levels were estimated in meats and kidney by ELISA inhibition assay. Cross‐reactivity between α G al and pork kidney was studied with the I mmuno CAP ® inhibition assay. Results Among the 14 patients, 12 presented with anaphylactic shock. Reactions occurred within 2 h from exposure in 67% of patients. Associated risk factors were observed in 10 cases, and alcohol was the main cofactor. Three patients underwent an oral challenge to pork kidney, and anaphylaxis occurred after ingestion of small quantities (1–2 g). Prick tests to kidney were positive in 54% of patients. All tested patients showed positive skin tests to E rbitux ® . All patients tested positive for I g E to α G al, with levels ranging from 0.4 to 294 kU/l. I g E binding to α G al was inhibited by raw pork kidney extract (mean, 77%; range, 55–87%), which showed a high amount of α G al determinants. Conclusions Pork or beef kidney anaphylaxis is related to α G al I g E . Its peculiar severity could be due to an elevated content of α G al epitopes in kidney.
Automated Tracking of Nanoparticle-labeled Melanoma Cells Improves the Predictive Power of a Brain Metastasis Model
Authors: Terje Sundstrøm, Inderjit Daphu, Ingvild Wendelbo, Erlend Hodneland, Arvid Lundervold, Heike Immervoll, Kai Ove Skaftnesmo, Michal Babic, Pavla Jendelova, Eva Sykova, Morten Lund-Johansen, Rolf Bjerkvig, Frits Thorsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Biologic and therapeutic advances in melanoma brain metastasis are hampered by the paucity of reproducible and predictive animal models. In this work, we developed a robust model of brain metastasis that empowers quantitative tracking of cellular dissemination and tumor progression. Human melanoma cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of mice and visualized by MRI. We showed that SPION exposure did not affect viability, growth, or migration in multiple cell lines across several in vitro assays. Moreover, labeling did not impose changes in cell-cycle distribution or apoptosis. In vivo, several SPION-positive cell lines displayed similar cerebral imaging and histologic features. MRI-based automated quantification of labeled cells in the brain showed a sigmoid association between metastasis frequency and doses of inoculated cells. Validation of this fully automated quantification showed a strong correlation with manual signal registration (r(2) = 0.921, P < 0.001) and incidence of brain metastases (r(2) = 0.708, P < 0.001). Metastasis formation resembled the pattern seen in humans and was unaffected by SPION labeling (histology; tumor count, P = 0.686; survival, P = 0.547). In summary, we present here a highly reproducible animal model that can improve the predictive value of mechanistic and therapeutic studies of melanoma brain metastasis.
A Toast to the Annals
Authors: W. B. SPAULDING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Editorials1 July 1977A Toast to the AnnalsW. B. SPAULDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.W. B. SPAULDING, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-1-113 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe invite the readers of this issue to join in a well-deserved tribute to theAnnals of Internal Medicinein celebration of its golden anniversary. The history of this journal is described elsewhere in these pages; it includes the early, faltering steps taken by the College in trying to establish a journal. Several initial failures were followed, 50 years ago, by the birth of a permanent publication that has grown steadily to its present mature stature. The story of the evolution of the ANNALSrightly emphasizes both the vision and the adaptability of the able editors who insisted on the...References1. STRAUSS M (ed.): Familiar Medical Quotations. Boston, Little, Brown and Co., 1968, p. 667 Google Scholar2. See Reference 1, p. 669 Google Scholar3. CHOUINARD J: The current state of continuing medical education. Can Med Assoc J 115:1121, 1976 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. HUTH E: What journals for the physicians? Ann Intern Med 85:674-675, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Publications Committee American College of Physicians Department of Medicine McMaster University Medical Centre Hamilton, Ontario Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1977Volume 87, Issue 1Page: 113-114KeywordsBirthVision Issue Published: 1 July 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Human Infection with Brucella canis
Authors: ROBERT M. SWENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A 23-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease developed fever, chills, and pharyngitis. Blood cultures taken over a 7-day period yielded Brucella canis. She responded well to therapy with ampicillin and streptomycin. One of her dogs, a male German shepherd, also had positive blood cultures and was the presumed source of her infection. Twelve other family members had negative blood cultures and no serological evidence of infection with B. canis. To our knowledge, this is the first case of naturally acquired human infection with this organism.
Letter: Intermittent claudication complicating beta-blockade.
Authors: A F Lant, D O Gibbons
Journal: BMJ (1976)

brain damage and continued excessive drink- ing represents a particularly serious threat to the lives of other road users, and if we are to take this threat seriously the assessment of convicted drunken drivers with the Hal- stead-Reitan test battery and the EMI-Scanner deserves our careful consideration not only as a possible index of current disability but also as a possible prognostic guide.I hope shortly to produce a six-year followup of our series of 33 alcoholics which may tell us whether the likelihood of relapse is related to objective indices of the extent of brain damage.
Standardizing Clinical End Points in Aortic Arch Surgery
Authors: Tristan D. Yan, David H. Tian, Scott A. LeMaire, G. Chad Hughes, Edward P. Chen, Martin Misfeld, Randall B. Griepp, Teruhisa Kazui, Paul G. Bannon, Joseph S. Coselli, John A. Elefteriades, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Malcolm J. Underwood, Joseph P. Mathew, Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, Aung Oo, Thoralf M. Sundt, Joseph E. Bavaria, Roberto Di Bartolomeo, Marco Di Eusanio, Santi Trimarchi
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Long-term biological fate of polyurethane aortic prostheses
Authors: V. Marinescu, E. Pausescu, S. Carnaru
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A study was carried out to investigate the biological fate of spongy polyurethane aortic prostheses after a period of implantation of 7 to 10 years in dogs. The present findings indicate that this material is in a sense accepted by the organism (not only tolerated) because almost complete reorganization of the arterial elastic structures inside the prostheses and the formation of arterial branches from the prostheses were observed.
Hematologic Recovery and Deterioration After "Successful" Radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: RALPH E. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Long-term hematologic profiles have been compiled for 50 consecutive patients who remain continuously free of Hodgkin's disease, more than 5 years after nodal irradiation. Return of peripheral blood values to normal occurred consistently, and recovery has been sustained over the years of observation. In the entire series of 180 cases, only 7 patients have experienced a hematologic deterioration in the absence of further marrow suppressive therapy. Intervals from initial treatment to hematologic deterioration ranged from several weeks to more than 5 years. In three cases the cause could not be established before death. There was eventual histologic confirmation of recurrent Hodgkin's disease in six of the seven patients. Unexplained depression of peripheral blood counts after completion of radiotherapy should be interpreted as presumptive evidence for recurrent disease.
The Care of Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Cardiovascular disease is a major clinical problem in the elderly, with coronary heart disease the most frequent cause of death and with hypertension present in as many as 50% of these patients. The cardiovascular manifestations of aging must be differentiated from those due to disease. There are clinical manifestations and responses to therapy in the elderly that differ from those in younger patients. The extent of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures undertaken should be based on the patient's physiologic age, the presence and severity of concomitant diseases, mental status and cognitive ability, and the patient's expectations from medical care. Preventive approaches are also warranted.
Typhoid Fever and Milk
Authors: R. P. Oglesby
Journal: BMJ (1880)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.89of these ports, or by the rail which runs from east to west through the district.The facts are briefly these.I. Long before the labours of Stewart and Jenner had proved that typhus and enteric fevers were distinct diseases, differing in their origin, symptoms, spread, duration, and complications, the medical practitioners of this district were familiar with certain local types of fever, which they designated by such terms as " Brea fever", " Trelowarren Street fever", etc. ; " Brea fever" being a form with troublesome bowel-com- plications and usually extensive hoemorrhage.Year after year, it cropped up in Brea village, and, when a case appeared in other parts of the country with like symptoms, it was called "Brea fever".At this period,
Redundant and Synergistic Mechanisms Control the Sequestration of Blood-born Adenovirus in the Liver
Authors: Nelson C Di Paolo, Nico van Rooijen, Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Human adenovirus (Ad) is a ubiquitous pathogen causing a wide range of diseases. Although the interactions of human Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) with susceptible cells in vitro are known in great detail, host factors controlling the tissue specificity of Ad5 infection in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms of sequestration by the liver for blood-born human Ads and Ad5-based vectors. Our data suggest that several known mechanisms that lead to Ad5 sequestration by the liver become engaged in a redundant, sequential, and synergistic manner to ensure the rapid clearance of circulating virus particles from the blood. These mechanisms include (i) trapping of the virus by liver residential macrophages, Kupffer cells; (ii) Ad5 hepatocyte infection via blood factor–hexon interactions; and (iii) Ad5 penton RGD motif–mediated interactions with liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes, mediating virus retention in the space of Disse. More important, we show that when all of these mechanisms are simultaneously inactivated via mutations of Ad5 capsid proteins and pharmacological interventions, virus sequestration by the liver is markedly reduced. Therefore, our study is the first demonstration of the principal possibility of ablating the sequestration of blood-born Ad in the liver via specific inactivation of a defined set of mechanisms that control this process. Human adenovirus (Ad) is a ubiquitous pathogen causing a wide range of diseases. Although the interactions of human Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) with susceptible cells in vitro are known in great detail, host factors controlling the tissue specificity of Ad5 infection in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms of sequestration by the liver for blood-born human Ads and Ad5-based vectors. Our data suggest that several known mechanisms that lead to Ad5 sequestration by the liver become engaged in a redundant, sequential, and synergistic manner to ensure the rapid clearance of circulating virus particles from the blood. These mechanisms include (i) trapping of the virus by liver residential macrophages, Kupffer cells; (ii) Ad5 hepatocyte infection via blood factor–hexon interactions; and (iii) Ad5 penton RGD motif–mediated interactions with liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes, mediating virus retention in the space of Disse. More important, we show that when all of these mechanisms are simultaneously inactivated via mutations of Ad5 capsid proteins and pharmacological interventions, virus sequestration by the liver is markedly reduced. Therefore, our study is the first demonstration of the principal possibility of ablating the sequestration of blood-born Ad in the liver via specific inactivation of a defined set of mechanisms that control this process.
Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 vs Calcitriol and Calcium in the Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Karen K. Winer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that treatment with human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH 1-34) can maintain normal serum calcium without hypercalciuria in patients with hypoparathyroidism. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized crossover trial lasting 20 weeks. Each 10-week arm consisted of a 2-week inpatient dose-adjustment phase followed by an 8-week outpatient phase. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tertiary care center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 10 patients with hypoparathyroidism were enrolled consecutively over a 15-month period. Half of the patients were prior National Institutes of Health patients, and the other 5 patients were referred from outside physicians. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —A dose of PTH 1-34 was administered each morning by subcutaneous injection. Calcitriol was given orally twice daily with supplemental calcium carbonate. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Serum and urine calcium and phosphorus levels. <h3>Results.</h3> —Once-daily treatment with PTH 1-34 maintained serum calcium in the normal range with decreased urine calcium excretion (<i>P</i>&lt;.05 at 2 weeks and<i>P</i>&lt;.01 at 10 weeks) compared with calcitriol treatment. Biochemical markers of bone turnover increased significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.01 at 10 weeks) during PTH 1-34 treatment. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Treatment of hypoparathyroidism with PTH 1-34 reduces urine calcium excretion compared with treatment with calcitriol and calcium.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Influenza Vaccine in the Elderly
Authors: Peter A. Patriarca
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Influenza viruses have arguably caused more morbidity and mortality than any infectious agent in recorded history. Seven pandemics of influenza have occurred during the past century alone, one of which—the infamous Spanish (swine) flu—was responsible for at least 20 million deaths worldwide. Of even greater concern has been the occurrence of annual epidemics of varying severity that have resulted in more than 599 000 excess deaths in the United States during the past 40 years.<sup>1-3</sup>Although complacency regarding influenza is widely prevalent owing to the misperception that it is simply a mild respiratory or gastrointestinal infection,<sup>2</sup>one needs only to briefly examine accounts of recent outbreaks to appreciate the explosive potential for influenza viruses to cause life-threatening illness.<sup>4</sup>The unusual properties of the virus' genome, including a high frequency of point mutations (which cause the hemagglutinin [HA] and neuraminidase [NA] molecules to drift See also p 1661.