tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Authors: P J Rees, J G Hay, J R Webb
Journal: Thorax (1983)

A randomised, double-blind trial of atropine, atropine plus papaveretum, and atropine plus diazepam given intramuscularly as premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 60 patients showed no difference between the three regimens as assessed by bronchoscopist or patient. Bronchoscopists frequently attributed a sedative action to atropine alone and their assessment of tolerance and sedation was more optimistic than that of the patients. In a second study comparing intravenous diazepam (10 mg) with saline, after prior intramuscular atropine (0.6 mg), both the bronchoscopists and the patients noted a significant sedative effect of diazepam, and coughing was reduced by diazepam.
Specialty of Ambulatory Care Physicians and Mortality among Elderly Patients after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John Z. Ayanian, Mary Beth Landrum, Edward Guadagnoli, Peter Gaccione
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The outcome after myocardial infarction may be influenced by the type of physician providing ambulatory care.We studied 35,520 patients 65 years of age or older who were hospitalized for myocardial infarction in seven states during 1994 and 1995 and who survived for at least three months after discharge. From Medicare claims, we identified ambulatory visits to cardiologists, internists, and family practitioners. Using propensity scores to adjust for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics, we analyzed treatment and mortality at two years among patients matched according to their estimated propensity to receive care from a cardiologist within three months after discharge.As compared with patients who saw only an internist or a family practitioner in the three months after discharge, patients who saw a cardiologist were younger, were more likely to be white, were more likely to be male, had fewer coexisting conditions, and were more likely to have undergone invasive cardiac procedures while hospitalized (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Patients who saw a cardiologist were more likely to undergo cardiac procedures and rehabilitation after discharge. Patients who saw a cardiologist had a lower two-year mortality rate than matched patients who saw only an internist or a family practitioner (14.6 percent vs. 18.3 percent, P<0.001). Patients who saw both a cardiologist and an internist or a family practitioner had a lower mortality rate than matched patients who saw only a cardiologist (11.1 percent vs. 12.1 percent, P=0.02).Ambulatory visits to cardiologists were associated with greater use of cardiac procedures and decreased mortality after myocardial infarction. Concurrent care by an internist or a family practitioner was associated with a further reduction in mortality.
Rheumatoid lung cavitation and response to penicillamine.
Authors: J S Jones
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Lung cavitation is an uncommon manifestation of rheumatoid disease. It may arouse suspicion of tuberculosis, cavitated carcinoma, or the lung abscess that it may later become if infected. Early recognition is desirable because there are three reports of permanent cavity closure in response to treatment-by gold,' prednisone,2 and azathioprine.3 These relate to the type of cavity described by Dumas et al,4 not the type associated with upper lobe fibrosis.5
Effect of reduced immunosuppression after kidney transplant failure on risk of cancer: population based retrospective cohort study
Authors: M. T van Leeuwen, A. C Webster, M. R E McCredie, J. H Stewart, S. P McDonald, J. Amin, J. M Kaldor, J. R Chapman, C. M Vajdic, A. E Grulich
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To compare cancer incidence in kidney transplant recipients during periods of transplant function (and immunosuppression) and after transplant failure (when immunosuppression is ceased or reduced). <b>Design, setting, and participants</b> Nationwide, population based retrospective cohort study of 8173 Australian kidney transplant recipients registered on the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry who first received a transplant during 1982-2003. Incident cancers were ascertained using linkage with national cancer registry records. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cancer-specific standardised incidence ratios for periods of transplant function and for dialysis after transplant failure. Incidence was compared between periods using multivariate incidence rate ratios adjusted for current age, sex, and duration of transplantation. <b>Results</b> All cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma occurred during transplant function. Standardised incidence ratios were significantly elevated during transplant function, but not during dialysis after transplant failure, for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lip cancer, and melanoma. For each of these cancers, incidence was significantly lower during dialysis after transplant failure in multivariate analysis (incidence rate ratios 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65) for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 0.04 (0.01 to 0.31) for lip cancer, and 0.16 (0.04 to 0.64) for melanoma). In contrast, standardised incidence ratios during dialysis after transplant failure remained significantly elevated for leukaemia and lung cancer, and cancers related to end stage kidney disease (kidney, urinary tract, and thyroid cancers), with thyroid cancer incidence significantly higher during dialysis after transplant failure (incidence rate ratio 6.77 (2.64 to 17.39)). There was no significant difference in incidence by transplant function for other cancers. <b>Conclusions</b> The effect of immunosuppression on cancer risk is rapidly reversible for some, but not all, cancer types. Risk reversal was mainly observed for cancers with a confirmed infectious cause. Risk of other cancers, especially those related to end stage kidney disease, remained significantly increased after reduction of immunosuppression.
Parenteral penicillin for children with meningococcal disease before hospital admission: case-control study
Authors: Anthony Harnden, Nelly Ninis, Matthew Thompson, Rafael Perera, Michael Levin, David Mant, Richard Mayon-White
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To explore the impact on mortality and morbidity of parenteral penicillin given to children before admission to hospital with suspected meningococcal disease. <b>Design</b> Retrospective comparison of fatal and non-fatal cases. <b>Setting</b> England, Wales, and Northern Ireland; December 1997 to February 1999. <b>Participants</b> 158 children aged 0-16 years (26 died, 132 survived) in whom a general practitioner had made the diagnosis of meningococcal disease before hospital admission. <b>Results</b> Administration of parenteral penicillin by general practitioners was associated with increased odds ratios for death (7.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 37.7) and complications in survivors (5.0, 1.7 to 15.0). Children who received penicillin had more severe disease on admission (median Glasgow meningococcal septicaemia prognostic score (GMSPS) 6.5 <i>v</i> 4.0, P = 0.002). Severity on admission did not differ significantly with time taken to reach hospital. <b>Conclusions</b> Children who were given parenteral penicillin by a general practitioner had more severe disease on reaching hospital than those who were not given penicillin before admission. The association with poor outcome may be because children who are more severely ill are being given penicillin before admission.
Columnar cuff cancer after restorative proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: H Vuilleumier, N Halkic, R Ksontini, M Gillet
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>AIMS</h3> Restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis is one of the treatments of choice for patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, any residual rectal mucosa left behind after mucosectomy is at risk for the development of neoplasia. <h3>CASE REPORT</h3> A 31 year old male patient with FAP underwent restorative proctocolectomy with a pelvic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Seven years later he presented with right inguinal and perianal pain. A diagnosis of invasive columnar cuff carcinoma was made. <h3>DISCUSSION</h3> Islets of columnar epithelium may be left behind after restorative proctocolectomy, exposing the patient to later malignant change. This risk must be emphasised and prevented by regular surveillance of the anastomosis.
Effect of a cigarette smoke extract on the metabolism of the proinflammatory autacoid, platelet-activating factor.
Authors: S Miyaura, H Eguchi, J M Johnston
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased incidence of a number of diseases. Minimal information is available at the molecular level concerning the mechanism of action of cigarette smoke. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is one of the most potent proinflammatory agents described. PAF concentration may be regulated by the degradation of PAF as catalyzed by the plasma enzyme, PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). This enzyme is associated with the lipoprotein fraction. The exposure of low density lipoprotein to a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) has been shown to alter the charge of low density lipoprotein and its uptake by macrophages. The activity of PAF-AH in the lipoprotein fraction has been assayed after exposure to CSE. The activity of PAF-AH was inhibited by the CSE in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of PAF-AH by the CSE was not altered by superoxide dismutase or catalase addition. Sulfhydryl compounds prevented and reversed the inhibition of PAF-AH caused by CSE. The inhibitor present in CSE was not nicotine, its major metabolic product, (-)-cotinine, or several compounds known to be present in the extract. The charge alteration reaction(s) and PAF-AH inhibition appear to be localized at different sites of the lipoprotein molecule. The observed inhibition may account for the increase in the plasma PAF concentration that is known to occur in smokers. The increase of PAF may contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular and lung diseases known to be present in smokers.
Infiltration of Activated Dendritic Cells and T Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Following Combined Cytokine Immunotherapy
Authors: Natascha Verra, Daphne de Jong, Axel Bex, Diane Batchelor, Trees Dellemijn, Johan Sein, Willem Nooijen, Willem Meinhardt, Simon Horenblas, Gijsbert de Gast, Florry Vyth-Dreese
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Confronting Drunk Driving: Social Policy for Saving Lives
Authors: Robert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In this important new book, H. Laurence Ross reviews the history of the problem of drunk driving and presents a critique of current efforts to make the punishments for drunk driving even more severe. He argues that the most effective way to lessen alcohol-related traffic violence is to combine policies that reduce the use of alcohol in society (especially practices most closely associated with drunk driving, such as liquor sales at gas stations) with policies that provide swifter and more certain, but more moderate, punishments. "policies that reduce the use of alcohol in society" Examples of such policies are immediate forfeiture of driver's licenses and even of vehicles for people arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI). Approaches such as those recommended by Professor Ross can be expected to save more lives than tougher prison sentences and simultaneously to reduce the increasing burdens addicted people are putting on already overcrowded prisons.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is up-regulated by CCL21/CCR7 interaction via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling and is involved in CCL21-driven B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell invasion and migration
Authors: Javier Redondo-Muñoz, María José Terol, José A. García-Marco, Angeles García-Pardo
Journal: Blood (2007)
Anabolic Therapy in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Philip N. Sambrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Glucocorticoids are widely used because of their important and efficacious immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties. However, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, a major adverse event, is a common clinical problem. The risk of osteoporosis with glucocorticoid therapy remains unclear, but the disease has been reported to occur in up to 50% of patients who require long-term therapy. Fractures can occur rapidly, with a predilection for sites that are rich in trabecular bone, such as the spine and ribs.There are few prospective epidemiologic data regarding fractures and their association with glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, but a large, retrospective cohort study of patients receiving glucocorticoids who . . .
Determinants of the need for early acute intervention in patients treated conservatively after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: David W.M. Muller, Eric J. Topol, Stephen G. Ellis, Lynn H. Woodlief, Kristina N. Sigmon, Dean J. Kereiakes, Barry S. George, Seth J. Worley, Joseph K. Samaha, Harry Phillips, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The Press Embargo
Authors: Frank Catalano
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I read with great interest the editorial on news embargoes in the Oct 11 issue ofJAMA,1especially since an article I'd written on the subject for a radio news trade publication was cited. But one issue was not explored, and that's the question ofwhythe embargo system appears to be under attack. Simply put, it's because of abuses by those issuing the embargoed news. It's not unusual for newsrooms routinely to get news releases that, for no apparent reason, are marked hold for release. Usually, the time of release is set to coincide with a traditionally slow news time period such as Sunday night. The obvious intent of the release writer is to use the embargo system as a way of getting publicity that the story may not otherwise warrant, simply because it has less competition for news time at the time it's released.
PWE-206 Propofol deep sedation for elderly patients: a comparison between EUS with or without fine needle aspiration procedure
Authors: S Amornyotin, W Chalayonnawin, S Kongphlay
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of propofol deep sedation (PDS) for elderly patients underwent EUS with or without fine needle aspiration (FNA) procedure in a teaching hospital in Thailand. <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a retrospective review of the sedation service records of patients who underwent EUS procedures from December 2006 and September 2009. All patients were classified into two groups according to the type of procedure. In group A, EUS was only done for diagnosis. In group B, EUS with FNA was done. The primary outcome variable of the study was overall complication rate. The secondary outcome variables were sedation and procedure-related complications during and immediately after the procedure and haemodynamic parameters. <h3>Results</h3> PDS was provided for 513 patients. After matching age, gender, weight and ASA physical status, there were 47 patients in group A, and 40 patients in group B. There were no significantly differences in age, gender, weight, ASA physical status, mean sedative agents used, and indications of endoscopy between the two groups. However, duration of procedure in group B was significantly longer than in group A. All patients in both groups were concluded with the successful completion of the procedure. There were no significant differences in overall complication rate, sedation and procedure-related complications as well as haemodynamic parameters among the two groups. All complications were easily treated, with no adverse sequelae. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PDS for EUS with or without FNA procedure in elderly patients by trained anaesthetic personnel with appropriate monitoring was relatively safe and effective. Complications in both groups were comparable. Serious complications were rare in our population. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Comparative long-term effects of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on regional coronary flow reserve.
Authors: E R Bates, F M Aueron, V Legrand, M T LeFree, G B Mancini, J M Hodgson, R A Vogel
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To evaluate the relative long-term improvement in coronary artery hemodynamics after revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), regional coronary flow reserve (CFR) was measured, by digital computer analysis of 35 mm cine film, in 50 men undergoing cardiac catheterization. CFR (mean +/- SEM) in 12 atherosclerotic arteries before revascularization was 1.02 +/- 0.05. Mean CFR in 29 normal arteries of men with normal coronary arteriograms was significantly higher (2.59 +/- 0.11) than that in 16 atherosclerotic arteries of patients revascularized by CABG (2.02 +/- 0.17, p less than .01) or in 14 atherosclerotic arteries of those revascularized by PTCA (1.97 +/- 0.12, p less than .01). No difference in CFR between the CABG and PTCA groups was found and variables known to influence CFR were similar between groups. Equivalent and significant long-term improvement in coronary artery hemodynamics is provided by CABG or PTCA. We postulate that the difference in CFR in the men with normal arteries and those who underwent revascularization was related to the effects of the general atherosclerotic process, which remain despite successful treatment by these techniques.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) Versus Not (Placebo/Observation) as Late Extended Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer (BC): Overviews of Randomized Trials of AIs after ∼ 5 Years of Tamoxifen.
Authors: P. Goss, E. Mamounas, R. Jakesz, C. Markopoulos, M. Dowsett, R. Peto, J. Godwin, C. Davies
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Backround: 5 yrs of adjuvant tamoxifen (Tam) substantially reduces recurrence and mortality in ER+ breast cancer. Two to five years of late extended AI (anastrozole, exemestane or letrozole) adjuvant therapy after ∼ 5 years of Tam has been studied in prospective trials in postmenopausal patients (pts) in comparison with placebo or observation.Methods: A meta-analysis of outcomes data submitted to EBCTCG was conducted for four clinical trial data sets: NCIC CTG MA17; NSABP B33; ABCSG VIA; ATENA. The primary analysis involved patients with tumors reported to be ER positive with endpoints of first BC recurrence (all, local only, contralateral BC only, distant), death with and without recurrence, any death. All p-values were 2-sided. Follow-up for MA.17 was censored at the date of un-blinding; this was not possible with B-33, which consequently includes some events following subsequent treatment crossovers.Results: Preliminary results are available; updated and sub-group analyses including progesterone receptor, age, grade and nodal status will be presented. Highlights include: at a median follow-up of 2.5 years, AI therapy was associated with an absolute 2.9% [standard error (SE) 0.5] decrease in BC recurrence [relative decrease, 43% (SE 8), p&amp;lt;0.00001] and an absolute 0.5% (SE 0.3) decrease in BC mortality [relative decrease 27% (SE 17), 2p=0.11].Conclusions: A meta-analysis of 4 clinical trials, two of which were stopped early showed that ∼2-5 years late extended adjuvant therapy beyond 5 years from diagnosis produced a highly significant reduction in BC recurrence compared with no therapy. A trend toward improved survival is also seen. The magnitude of the effect seen on disease free and overall survival in these analyses is likely under estimated because of some cross-over after un-blinding. Longer than five years of adjuvant endocrine therapy is superior to just 5 years in ER+ breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4081.
Linoleic and trans-unsaturated fatty acid contents of adipose tissue biopsies as objective indicators of the dietary habits of individuals
Authors: M.B. Katan, W.A. Van Staveren, P. Deurenberg, J. Barendse-Van Leeuwen, C. Germing-Nouwen, A. Soffers, J. Berkel, A.C. Beynen
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (1986)
Antiandrogenic Therapy With Finasteride Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Carolin Zwadlo, Elisa Schmidtmann, Malgorzata Szaroszyk, Badder Kattih, Natali Froese, Hebke Hinz, Jan Dieter Schmitto, Julian Widder, Sandor Batkai, Heike Bähre, Volkhard Kaever, Thomas Thum, Johann Bauersachs, Joerg Heineke
Journal: Circulation (2015)

In comparison with men, women have a better prognosis when experiencing aortic valve stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or heart failure. Recent data suggest that androgens like testosterone or the more potent dihydrotestosterone contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Therefore, we analyzed whether antiandrogenic therapy with finasteride, which inhibits the generation of dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5-α-reductase, improves pathological ventricular remodeling and heart failure.We found a strongly induced expression of all 3 isoforms of the 5-α-reductase (Srd5a1 to Srd5a3) in human and mouse hearts with pathological hypertrophy, which was associated with increased myocardial accumulation of dihydrotestosterone. Starting 1 week after the induction of pressure overload by transaortic constriction, mice were treated with finasteride for 2 weeks. Cardiac function, hypertrophy, dilation, and fibrosis were markedly improved in response to finasteride treatment in not only male, but also in female mice. In addition, finasteride also very effectively improved cardiac function and mortality after long-term pressure overload and prevented disease progression in cardiomyopathic mice with myocardial Gαq overexpression. Mechanistically, finasteride, by decreasing dihydrotestosterone, potently inhibited hypertrophy and Akt-dependent prohypertrophic signaling in isolated cardiac myocytes, whereas the introduction of constitutively active Akt blunted these effects of finasteride.Finasteride, which is currently used in patients to treat prostate disease, potently reverses pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice and might be a therapeutic option for heart failure.
Mark Jensen Ballantyne
Authors: C. L Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Specialist registrar in gastroenterology Southampton General Hospital, Southampton (b 1972; q Dundee 1996), d 23 June 2002.

Although only in his second year as a specialist registrar, Mark Ballantyne had already established himself as one of the bright stars of the future. He lived life to the full. At medical school he did an intercalated BSc. He had played golf for his county, and at university he was captain of the medical school football team and played for the university. As a senior house officer he was involved with Nottingham Amateur Premier League Football Association.
Rapid resolution of symptoms and signs of intracerebral haemorrhage: case reports
Authors: S. B Gunatilake
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Aims</h3> To investigate access to paediatric renal transplantation and examine potential barriers within the process. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study where paediatric nephrology centres in the UK were requested to provide data on transplantation plans for all children (&lt;18 years) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). <h3>Results</h3> 308 children with ESKD were included in this study from 12 out of 13 UK paediatric nephrology centres. 139 (45%) were being prepared for living donor transplantation and 82 (27%) were listed for deceased donor transplantation. The most common cited factors delaying transplantation from occurring in children were disease factors (36%), donor availability (27%) and size of the child (20%). Psychosocial factors were listed as a barrier in 19% of children. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study we have documented the main barriers to renal transplantation in children. Some identified factors may be modifiable through local or national intervention, including donor availability and patient psychosocial factors.