tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P150 Use of ambulatory oxygen therapy in pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: D. Anderson, S. F. Valls, S. Church, S. Agarwal
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is proven to improve oxygen exercise capacity, health status and reduce dyspnoea in patients diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Previous studies have shown no significant difference in rehabilitation outcomes following use of supplemental oxygen during pulmonary rehabilitation. Unfortunately, a few patients are unable to exercise due to hypoxia related dyspnoea depriving them of the benefit of PR. We hypothesised that the use of Ambulatory Oxygen Therapy (AOT) in patients with exercise induced desaturation would increase their capability of undergoing PR and have an overall positive outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Requirement of AOT is routinely assessed at our trust prior to commencing PR. Incremental oxygen is used to decide on the flow rate needed during PR. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the benefits of AOT in patients desaturating on exertion. Data were analysed using Excel. <h3>Results</h3> 218 patients were enrolled for the programme from January 2009 to July 2010, 46 excluded as not suitable or did not attend. Numbers studied-172: 59% male, mean age 70 (range 45–90), 25% current smokers. On initial endurance exercise test 27% (n=47) were noted to have exercise induced desaturation. Seven patients were already on long-term oxygen therapy. Median prescribed flow rate was 2 l/min during PR. The mean distance walked on initial endurance test was 150 m. This improved significantly to 263 m (p&lt;0001) with AOT. 68 % (n=32) attended for post PR endurance exercise testing, 25% no longer required AOT (did not desaturate). Of the 22 patients (46%) who continued to require AOT, 14 were prescribed. Following 2 months of the prescription, AOT was withdrawn in four patients as they found the cylinder too heavy or did not benefit. <h3>Conclusions</h3> AOT has shown significant improvement in rehabilitation outcomes in patients with exercise induced desaturation. A quarter of these patients did not require any further ambulatory oxygen therapy following pulmonary rehabilitation.
More US doctors are refusing to accept government insured patients
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More and more US doctors are refusing to accept patients with government sponsored Medicare and Medicaid insurance, just as health reform includes more previously uninsured patients in Medicaid and more “baby boomers” are turning 65, when they qualify for Medicare.

A growing number of doctors are also refusing to accept patients with private health insurance, the kind that most US citizens get through their jobs. A patient who seeks care from a doctor who does not accept private health insurance pays the doctor’s fee out of his or her pocket and then tries to seek a reimbursement from his or her insurance company. Reimbursement is usually less than …
Nanofibers in Regenerative Medicine: Electrospun Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2012)
Authors: Wenying Liu, Stavros Thomopoulos, Younan Xia
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Recent progress in applying electrospun nanofibers to regenerative medicine is reviewed by Younan Xia and co-workers on page 10. Following a brief introduction to electrospinning, they discuss how scaffolds are fabricated from electrospun nanofibers with well-controlled compositions, structures, and alignments. Applications of the scaffolds in four specific areas are highlighted: nerves, dural tissues, tendons, and the tendon-to-bone insertion site.
Homozygotes for CDKN2 (p16) germline mutation in Dutch familial melanoma kindreds
Authors: Nelleke A. Gruis, Pieter A. van der Velden, Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl, Duncan E. Prins, Jane Weaver-Feldhaus, Alexander Kamb, Wilma Bergman, Rune R. Frants
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Lithium carbonate and tetracycline interaction.
Authors: U Malt
Journal: BMJ (1978)

better to an intravenous regimen.We can only record, anecdotally, that he showed a complete recovery without neurological deficit.We have not obtained significant blood pressure reduction over two hours in severe hypertension with 80 mg propranolol or 100 mg atenolol by mouth, and bradycardia may be troublesome with these drugs.Further details from Dr Good of the dose, drugs, rate of blood pressure fall, and cardio- vascular effects of oral beta-blockade would provide valuable comparison with our data.
Amino Acids in Liver Disease: A Cause of Hepatic Encephalopathy?
Authors: Alfred L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Patients with chronic liver disease often have elevations in plasma levels of aromatic amino acids, including tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, as well as methionine, glutamate, aspartate, and ornithine; branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are usually depressed. 1,2 Fischer et al 3 have focused the interest of clinicians and investigators alike on the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy by suggesting that the depressed ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids may have etiologic importance in hepatic coma. 4 A corollary of this hypothesis is that restoration of this ratio to normal should not only provide specific treatment for hepatic encephalopathy but should also allow administration of enough protein equivalents of amino acids to attain nitrogen balance without precipitating hepatic coma. Nutritional repletion may also prevent further deterioration of hepatic structure and function. A recent dietary survey reported substantially less protein consumption in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis
TCT-299 Comparison of Slender (6.5 French Sheathless) Guiding Catheters Versus 5 French Guiding Catheters for Slender Transradial Coronary Intervention.
Authors: Chin Yong Ang, Huynh Linh Dinh, Anthony N. Lontoc, Bing Liu, Victor Lim, Soo Teik Lim, Tian Hai Koh, Paul T. Chiam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ursodeoxycholic acid suppresses eosinophilic airway inflammation by inhibiting the function of dendritic cells through the nuclear farnesoid <scp>X</scp> receptor
Authors: M. A. M. Willart, M. van Nimwegen, A. Grefhorst, H. Hammad, L. Moons, H. C. Hoogsteden, B. N. Lambrecht, A. KleinJan
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only known beneficial bile acid with immunomodulatory properties. Ursodeoxycholic acid prevents eosinophilic degranulation and reduces eosinophil counts in primary biliary cirrhosis. It is unknown whether UDCA would also modulate eosinophilic inflammation outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as eosinophilic airway inflammation seen in asthma. The working mechanism for its immunomodulatory effect is unknown.The immunosuppressive features of UDCA were studied in vivo, in mice, in an ovalbumin (OVA)-driven eosinophilic airway inflammation model. To study the mechanism of action of UDCA, we analyzed the effect of UDCA on eosinophils, T cells, and dendritic cell (DCs). DC function was studied in greater detail, focussing on migration and T-cell stimulatory strength in vivo and interaction with T cells in vitro as measured by time-lapse image analysis. Finally, we studied the capacity of UDCA to influence DC/T cell interaction.Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment of OVA-sensitized mice prior to OVA aerosol challenge significantly reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation compared with control animals. DCs expressed the farnesoid X receptor for UDCA. Ursodeoxycholic acid strongly promoted interleukin (IL)-12 production and enhanced the migration in DCs. The time of interaction between DCs and T cells was sharply reduced in vitro by UDCA treatment of the DCs resulting in a remarkable T-cell cytokine production. Ursodeoxycholic acid-treated DCs have less capacity than saline-treated DCs to induce eosinophilic inflammation in vivo in Balb/c mice.Ursodeoxycholic acid has the potency to suppress eosinophilic inflammation outside the GI tract. This potential comprises to alter critical function of DCs, in essence, the effect of UDCA on DCs through the modulation of the DC/T cell interaction.
Hepatitis and Hepatitis-Associated Antigen in 56 Mother-Infant Pairs
Authors: Irvin L. Schweitzer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Hepatitis and the hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) were studied in 56 mothers who had acute viral hepatitis during pregnancy or within six months of delivery and their infants who were tested for HAA at least once. Twenty-six mothers were HAA-positive during the acute illness, and HAA was found in the infants of ten. In 17 of these women HAA-positive hepatitis occurred within two months of delivery, and eight of their babies were found to be HAA-positive. Hepatitis-associated antigen was found in two of 19 cord bloods tested. The antigen appeared to cross the placental barrier in three cases, and neonatal contamination at birth seemed to occur in one. Persistent antigenemia and protracted subclinical hepatitis were found in all HAA-positive babies.
TEETH AND THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE
Authors: Louis I. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The filler inThe Journal, July 30, page 1470, begs for comment lest misinformation be perpetuated. We refer to the quotation from MacBeth (<i>Proc Roy Soc Med</i>, March, 1960). MacBeth deduces that "earache of teething infants is often due to a minor otitis media. The pink drumhead occurs too often to be ignored and this may mean an otosalpingitis of lymphborne origin." It should be borne in mind that infection does not generally accompany teething in infants, that the teeth cannot be infected before being erupted, and that they have not yet had a chance to become decayed, let alone become infected, in an infant. MacBeth commits another error in deducing that "periodontal sepsis," by which it is presumed is meant periodontitis or periodontosis, causes deafness in the adult. Were this so, a very high percentage of adult patients would be deaf, as both these conditions are
Mother to child transmission of HIV in China: Chinese HIV sentinel surveillance data were used incorrectly
Authors: Therese Hesketh, Wei Xing Zhu, Jun Zhang
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Drug combinations and all cause mortality in heart disease No new insights were gainedEditor-Hippisley-Cox and Coupland conclude that the addition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to combinations of drugs conferred no additional benefit in their study of patients in primary care with ischaemic heart disease. 1 However, such a conclusion should be reached with caution.The drugs were given to the patients with the highest risk of death.A higher percentage of patients who died were treated with ACE inhibitors, and the greatest improvement in risk of death after adjustment for risk factors was seen in the patients treated with these drugs.ACE inhibitors might thus have been given to the patients with the most severe disease in each comorbidity group-for example, to diabetic patients with kidney disease and to patients with the most severe heart failure.Therefore the study can give no indication of the crucial question whether the outcome would have been equally good for the group of 463 patients who probably had the most severe disease and received statins, aspirin, blockers, and ACE inhibitors if they had not been given ACE inhibitors.Replacement of yes or no for comorbidity factors with more discriminating variables, such as presence of microalbuminuria and a severity measure for heart disease, would probably have improved the study.However, this cannot replace the quality of a randomised, placebo controlled study comparing the effect of adding ACE inhibitors to the other study drugs.Therefore the study by Hippisley-Cox and Coupland adds no new knowledge to how patients with ischaemic heart disease in primary care should be treated.
TECHNETIUM Tc99m P280 VENOGRAPHY (RNV) AND THROMBOSCINTI-GRAPHY (TSY) IN THE DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF ACUTE DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS (DVT)
Authors: J. M. Krels, F. H. George, J. A. Sollenbarger, G. T. Krishnamurthy, T. Kent Walsh, R. Q. Rapatan, S. H. Smyth, J. H. Shah, F. M. Swallem
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Krels, J. M.; George, F. H.; Sollenbarger, J. A.; Krishnamurthy, G. T.; Walsh, T. Kent; Rapatan, R. Q.; Smyth, S. H.; Shah, J. H.; Swallem, F. M. Author Information
Laminin promotes rabbit neutrophil motility and attachment.
Authors: V P Terranova, R DiFlorio, E S Hujanen, R M Lyall, L A Liotta, U Thorgeirsson, G P Siegal, E Schiffmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) traverse basement membrane to reach sites of infection. We have studied the role of laminin, a specific basement membrane component, in this process using three assay systems. In the Boyden chamber, laminin was found to stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils while fibronectin did not. Co-incubation of cells with antibody to laminin blocked this chemotaxis, while antibody to fibronectin was without effect. In the human amnion system, neutrophils were shown to penetrate through the tissue when the peptide chemoattractant f-Met-Leu-Phe was placed on the opposing side. Antibody to laminin, but not to fibronectin, blocked this penetration. In an attachment assay system, laminin, but not fibronectin, was found to increase dispase-treated neutrophil attachment to type IV (basement membrane) collagen-coated plastic and to a plastic substrate itself. Electrophoretic analysis of PMN extract indicated the presence of laminin, and indirect immunofluorescence suggested that laminin is localized on the surface of the neutrophils. These data suggest that PMN can bind laminin on their cell surfaces, use laminin to attach to basement (type IV) membrane collagen, and migrate toward a gradient of laminin. These properties may be important for the passage of neutrophils from the circulation to sites of infection.
CXC receptor‐2 knockout genotype increases X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and protects mice from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity†
Authors: Bin Hu, Lisa M. Colletti
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Although acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic, it can be highly hepatotoxic. This study seeks to further investigate the mechanisms involved in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) receptor/ligand interactions in the liver's response to and recovery from acetaminophen toxicity. The CXC chemokines and their receptor, CXCR2, are important inflammatory mediators and are involved in the control of some types of cellular proliferation. CXCR2 knockout mice exposed to a median lethal dose of acetaminophen had a significantly lower mortality rate than wild-type mice. This difference was at least partially attributable to a significantly decreased rate of apoptosis in CXCR2 knockout mice versus wild-type mice; there were no differences seen in hepatocyte proliferation in wild-type mice versus knockout mice after this injury. The decreased rate of apoptosis in the knockout mice correlated with an almost undetectable and significantly decreased level of activated caspase-3 and significantly increased levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which also correlated with increased levels of nuclear factor kappa B p52 and decreased levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase; this provides a possible mechanism for the decrease in apoptosis seen in CXCR2 knockout mice.
THE PENICILLIN ANTIGENS: PRESENTATION IN THE LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION TEST
Authors: J. H. SAURAT, C. PONVERT, B. LEBEL, J. PAUPE
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The response of the leucocyte migration test (LMT) to benzyl penicillin (BP) was compared with the response of LMT to benzyl penicilloylated human gamma globulins (BPO HGG) and to benzyl penicilloylated human serum albumin (BPO HSA). Patients with and without hypersensitivity to penicillins were investigated. No statistical differences were found between the response to BP and to BPO HGG or BPO HSA; this finding supports the fact that the BPO groups generated by BP are mainly implicated in the triggering of the LMT when BP is used as antigen. A strongly penicilloylated HSA appeared to be the most effective mode of the antigen presentation for the detection of BPO-specific cellular immunity in patients with and without clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity to the penicillins.
Mastectomy or conservation: the patient's choice.
Authors: A. P. Locker, T. Cotton, R. W. Blamey
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ciation of the potential risks of not being im- munised many doctors do not use the opportunity to offer immunisation during routine consulta- tions; other strategies are needed to bring about change.These results suggest the importance of using more than one intervention to produce an improvement in performance.Although the system described was carried out using manual recording, the potential for this type of intervention using computers is greatly in- creased.Using these figures for interpractice comparisons, with due regard to their limitations, could be a useful way of improving motivation.
Childhood Immunization Procedures
Authors: Saul Krugman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE DEVELOPMENT of safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of many infectious diseases has had a profound influence on the history of preventive medicine during the past two centuries and especially in the past 35 years. The technology has become available to prepare safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of smallpox, rabies, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, and rubella. The extensive use of most of these vaccines is responsible in great part for the substantial decline in morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases.  Today, smallpox appears to be a vanishing disease; with the solitary exception of Ethiopia, it has been virtually eradicated from the world. The reported number of cases of diphtheria in the United States has declined from levels of about 350,000 cases per year in the 1920s to approximately 200 to 300 in recent years. During the past 25 years, there has
The Role of Physicians to Stamp Out Smoking-Reply
Authors: Patrick L. Remington
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We commend Dr Phillips' view that physicians should play an active role in the battle against cigarette smoking. If counseling and education are our greatest weapons against smoking, then physicians must indeed volunteer as foot soldiers in trench warfare. How can physicians be more effective in their efforts? Drs Marks and Fisher<sup>1</sup>recommend that when counseling adolescents about cigarette smoking, physicians should emphasize short-term effects, such as coughing, phlegm production, wheezing, respiratory infections, bad breath, reduced sports performance, and shortness of breath, in addition to discussing long-term effects. Other suggestions include using questionnaires as "icebreakers"<sup>1</sup>; adopting desirable interviewing techniques that create trust, show concern, avoid judgmental attitudes, and maintain objectivity<sup>2</sup>; using computer-assisted health education materials<sup>3</sup>; and developing reminder aids that can be used for follow-up.<sup>4</sup>In particular, special attention should be provided to children and young adolescents with behavioral difficulties or parents who
A Dictionary for Medical Secretaries
Authors: Helen Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This is a streamlined dictionary compiled by a medical secretary and supervisor specifically for medical record librarians and medical secretaries who need to know only enough of the meaning of a term to transcribe it correctly and to avoid confusing similar or like-sounding terms. The definitions are not crowded, the type is easy to read, the pages are not tissue-thin, and the book can be manipulated with one hand—a boon to the hurried secretary or record librarian. The 3,500 entries include word roots, anatomical terms, medications, laboratory tests, and instruments. Special features are a list of irregular words often misunderstood or confused in transcribing dictation, a list of commonly used instruments, and a short list of books of interest to the doctor's aide.
Influence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on respiratory function during chronic beta blockade: comparison of propranolol and pindolol.
Authors: R J Northcote, D Ballantyne
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The long term effect of beta blockers and the influence of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on respiratory function were assessed in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris randomised to receive treatment with propranolol (n = 21) or pindolol (n = 19) for one year. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) had fallen by a mean of 240 ml after one year (p less than 0.001) in those treated with propranolol compared with 120 ml in those treated with pindolol (p less than 0.05). The difference between the groups was significant (p less than 0.01). Vital capacity fell significantly only in those treated with propranolol (p less than 0.05 at one year). In those in whom the basal ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity was low (less than 70%) propranolol, but not pindolol, caused a significant (p less than 0.05) fall in FEV1 throughout treatment. Long term administration of pindolol has a less adverse effect on respiratory function than propranolol, which results in a progressive deterioration in respiratory function over one year.
The role of serial measurement of serum HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic HBeAg(−) hepatitis B infection: Association with liver disease progression. A prospective cohort study
Authors: George Zacharakis, John Koskinas, Stamatia Kotsiou, Fevronia Tzara, Nikolaos Vafeiadis, Menelaos Papoutselis, Eustratios Maltezos, Eleftherios Sivridis, Kostantinos Papoutselis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Fragmented and scrambled mitochondrial ribosomal RNA coding regions among green algae: a model for their origin and evolution
Authors: A. M. Nedelcu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA coding regions in the only three green algal taxa investigated to date are fundamentally different in that they are continuous in Prototheca wickerhamii, but highly fragmented and scrambled in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas eugametos. To gain more insight into the mode of evolution of fragmented and scrambled mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes within the green algal group, this work (1) provides additional information on fragmentation patterns of mitochondrial small- and large-subunit (SSU and LSU) rRNAs that strongly supports the concept of a gradual increase in the extent of discontinuity of mitochondrial rRNAs among chlorophycean green algae and (2) reports the first example of fragmented and scrambled mitochondrial LSU rRNA coding regions in a green algal taxon outside the Chlamydomonas group. The present study (1) suggests that the scrambling of the mitochondrial rRNA coding regions may have occurred early in the evolution of fragmented and scrambled mitochondrial rRNA genes within the chlorophycean green algal group, most likely in parallel with the fragmentation events, (2) proposes recombination as a possible mechanism involved in the evolution of these mitochondrial rRNA genes, and (3) presents a hypothetical pathway for converting continuous mitochondrial rRNA genes into the highly fragmented and scrambled rRNA coding regions of Chlamydomonas through a series of recombinatorial events between short repeated sequences.