tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reasons for failure of antihypertensive treatment.
Authors: O Ogunyemi
Journal: BMJ (1983)

One hundred patients whose hypertension was originally well controlled were carefully screened when a routine clinic visit showed that their blood pressure was above 170/100 mm Hg. Simple misconceptions accounted for 75 failures: 38 did not know they had to continue their drugs, 14 thought they should not take antihypertensive drugs if they had not had a meal, 13 did not know which drugs controlled their blood pressure, and 10 believed it was better not to take their drugs on clinic days. Eleven patients were using racemic alpha-methyldopa, which was ineffective; 11 others said they could not afford the drugs; only three intentionally stopped their drugs because of unpleasant side effects. Patients need to be thoroughly informed about their treatment and the number of drugs kept to a minimum.
Sudden Death in Young Athletes
Authors: N.A. Mark Estes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Since the dramatic unexpected death of the Greek soldier Pheidippides on completing his legendary run from Marathon to Athens in 490 b.c. to deliver the message of victory over the Persians, the problem of sudden death in athletes has intrigued the medical community and the public. More recently, the problem of instantaneous death from cardiac arrest during sports activities has received renewed attention because of the catastrophic deaths of several well-known collegiate and professional athletes. Many of the cardiovascular conditions responsible for unexpected death during sports are now recognized, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long-QT syndrome,1 Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, . . .
P2-160: A randomized prospective trial of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) with cisplatin and paclitaxel or docetaxel or gemcitabine in stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sung-Ja Ahn, In-Jae Oh, Kyu-Sik Kim, Young-Chul Kim, Woong-Ki Chung, Taek-Keun Nam, Joo-Young Song, Mi-Sun Yoon, Kook-Joo Na, Sang-Yun Song, Chan Choi, Hee-Seung Bom, Yun-Hyeon Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Over 70s should also get screening for bowel cancer
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The new bowel cancer screening programme could be missing a quarter of detectable cases because it only targets a limited range of ages of older people, a leading medical editor has claimed.

Dr Ike Iheanacho, editor of the Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin , which evaluates medical treatments, said people in England were being put at risk of bowel cancer because only those aged 60-69 years are being screened (2006;44). In Scotland, the age band will span from 50 to 74 years, when screening starts next August.

Bowel cancer screening, which …
THE FUNCTION OF THE CHROMAPHIL TISSUES IN RELATION TO SPLANCHNIC STIMULATION
Authors: A. W. Sheen, S. Vincent
Journal: BMJ (1922)

31RH4 92The thlird case was not any better after ilio-colostomy, but complete colectomy was followed by improvement.CASE III.J. W., a sickly-lookinig anid thin lad, presented himself witlh multiple ttiberculous foci but with iio bone lesion.He had abscesses in both legs, in the right hip, and in the neck.Ntumerous operations had been performed, and he still had abscesses when the ilio-colostomv was performed in 1913.He left hospital in due time, when his wounds showed some improvement.Two months later, however, he was readmitted with the foci discharging as badly as ever; four months after ilio-colostomy was performed, as there was no improvement, Professor Morison took on-t thie whole colon.The patient was lost sight of until July, 1921, when he was found to be greatly improved in con- dlition, and althouglh the wound was not healed he was able to do light wvork and sew canvas cover-sheets in the pursiance of his occupation.His wounds are now healed, but every now and then hle is -laid off worlk on account of sores breaking down over the left knee-joint.Ile ba3' fluid in the knee-joint, which, when last seen, was hot and showed activa signs of inflammation.He states that his bowels are moved oace daily with a solid motion, and that he has no diarrhoea.
Successful defibrillation general practice.
Authors: A D Shaw, J Baird
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the limits of their own recognised competence in both diagnosis and treatment, but I think that Dr Waxman's use of the term "lay" is ambiguous.While "lay" originally meant "non-clerical," it is now sometimes understood to mean "non-medical," and hence his reference to "lay therapists'' in the first paragraph of his letter is perhaps misleading.The fact that his own society is helping to give training in hypnosis to professionals who are neither medically nor dentally qualified should make clear the recognised status of hypnosis in therapy today.
Prostate-Specific Antigen for Prostate Cancer Screening: A Different Strategy Should Be Planned
Authors: Giuseppe Lippi, Camilla Mattiuzzi, Gianfranco Cervellin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Angina-Induced Protection Against Myocardial Infarction in Adult and Elderly Patients: A Loss of Preconditioning Mechanism in the Aging Heart?
Authors: Pasquale Abete, Nicola Ferrara, Francesco Cacciatore, Alfredo Madrid, Sabatino Bianco, Claudio Calabrese, Claudio Napoli, Paola Scognamiglio, Ornella Bollella, Angelo Cioppa, Giancarlo Longobardi, Franco Rengo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Physical Incompatibility of Sulfonamide Compounds and Polyionic Solutions
Authors: Anthony C. Barbara, Celestino Clemente, Edward Wagman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

SINCE the introduction and subsequent extensive clinical use of various polyionic solutions for intravenous use relatively little has formally been documented concerning the problems of their solubility index when administered with sulfonamide compounds. The object of this paper is to report the physical incompatibility noted between intravenously administered sulfonamides and certain currently used polyionic solutions.Sulfisoxazole diethanolamine (Gantrisin) and sodium sulfadiazine were studied after the addition of therapeutic doses of each (1 gm.) to 250 and 500 ml. of various commercial electrolyte solutions (Tables 1 and 2). The following solutions were evaluated: Abbott, Inosol MB&B; Cutter, Electrolyte No. 48 and 75; . . .
Rapid detection of anticardiolipin antibodies
Authors: Michael W. Stewart, Tracy McKay, Peter Schwind, Philip A. Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A rapid screening method for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies is described. Dense, red dyed polystyrene beads coated with cardiolipin were incubated with test sera for a short period of time, then added to a microtube containing anti-human IgG in a gel provided within a pre-cast card (DiaMed ID Microtyping System). The card was centrifuged at 150g for 5 min and then examined for movement of the beads through the gel. Beads without bound antibody travelled through the gel and formed a pellet on the bottom of the tube. Anti-human IgG within the gel matrix impeded cardiolipin-coated beads when antiphospholipid antibodies bound to the beads. Positivity was indicated by the formation of a layer of beads on the top of the gel matrix. Prospective analysis of 103 samples for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies by flow cytometry and the gel-card technique showed good correlation between the two methods. All samples found to be positive by flow cytometry (23 of 103) were identified as positive by the gel-card technique. Two samples were identified as positive by the gel-card method but negative by flow cytometry. The technique is simple to perform and should prove useful as a rapid screening method for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies. Am. J. Hematol. 57:315–319, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TCT-877 Historical Trends in Outcomes following Aortic and Mitral Heart Valve Replacement Procedures: A Population-Based Study of 29,582 Medicare Patients from 1997 to 2009
Authors: Jasmine Patel, Kevin Ong, Heather Watson, Michael Helmus, Carrie Kuehn, Jorge Ochoa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for the Treatment of Claudication Pain
Authors: Andrew W. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To identify the components of exercise rehabilitation programs that were most effective in improving claudication pain symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease.English-language articles were identified by a computer search using Index Medicus and MEDLINE, followed by an extensive bibliography review.Studies were included if they provided the mean or individual walking distances or times to the onset of claudication pain and to maximal pain during a treadmill test before and after rehabilitation.Walking distances and times and characteristics of the exercise programs were independently abstracted by two observers.Thirty-three English-language studies were identified, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, following a program of exercise rehabilitation, the distance (mean +/- SD) to onset of claudication pain increased 179% from 125.9 +/- 57.3 m to 351.2 +/- 188.7 m (P < .001), and the distance to maximal claudication pain increased 122% from 325.8 +/- 148.1 m to 723.3 +/- 591.5 m (P < .001). The greatest improvement in pain distances occurred with the following exercise program: duration greater than 30 minutes per session, frequency of at least three sessions per week, walking used as the mode of exercise, use of near-maximal pain during training as claudication pain end point, and program length of greater than 6 months. However, the claudication pain end point, program length, and mode of exercise were the only independent predictors (P < .001) for improvement in distances.The optimal exercise program for improving claudication pain distances in patients with peripheral arterial disease uses intermittent walking to near-maximal pain during a program of at least 6 months. Such a program should be part of the standard medical care for patients with intermittent claudication.
Children--unique and vulnerable. Environmental risks facing children and recommendations for response.
Authors: L R Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Children may be more susceptible to exposures to environmental toxins than adults and may be more vulnerable to their effects. Because of this, the health care community and those responsible for children need to be alert to possible environmental factors in identifying and responding to the health problems of children. Their focus should be on the causes of the health problem, emphasizing environmental sources, and not on simply treating the symptoms.
Treatment of Ringworm
Authors: A. Eddowes
Journal: BMJ (1893)

After studying Unna's methods in Hamburg the author presented brief notes of fifty cases of ringworm of the scalp treated by himself. He considers chrysarobin to be one of the most useful remedies, and Unna's method of employing it most effective if properly carried out. For out-patient practice in London he has succeeded in simplifying this method in a manner which he described step by step.  J Cutan Genito-Urin Dis.  May 1894;12:219-220.
Disease Diagnosis: Multifunctional PEGylated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Blood Pool and Tumor MR Imaging (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2014)
Authors: Shihui Wen, Qinghua Zhao, Xiao An, Jingyi Zhu, Wenxiu Hou, Kai Li, Yunpeng Huang, Mingwu Shen, Wei Zhu, Xiangyang Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Long-circulating multifunctional Gd(III)-loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified with polyethylene glycol are designed and synthesized by W. Zhu, X. Shi, and colleagues on page 1568. The formed MWCNTs are water-dispersible, stable, and have good cytocompatibility and antifouling property. With the low r2/r1 relaxivity ratio and relatively long blood circulation time, the multifunctional MWCNTs are able to be used as a platform for enhanced blood pool and tumor MR imaging.
Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency–reversing drug combinations
Authors: Gregory M. Laird, C. Korin Bullen, Daniel I.S. Rosenbloom, Alyssa R. Martin, Alison L. Hill, Christine M. Durand, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Reversal of HIV-1 latency by small molecules is a potential cure strategy. This approach will likely require effective drug combinations to achieve high levels of latency reversal. Using resting CD4+ T cells (rCD4s) from infected individuals, we developed an experimental and theoretical framework to identify effective latency-reversing agent (LRA) combinations. Utilizing ex vivo assays for intracellular HIV-1 mRNA and virion production, we compared 2-drug combinations of leading candidate LRAs and identified multiple combinations that effectively reverse latency. We showed that protein kinase C agonists in combination with bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or histone deacetylase inhibitors robustly induce HIV-1 transcription and virus production when directly compared with maximum reactivation by T cell activation. Using the Bliss independence model to quantitate combined drug effects, we demonstrated that these combinations synergize to induce HIV-1 transcription. This robust latency reversal occurred without release of proinflammatory cytokines by rCD4s. To extend the clinical utility of our findings, we applied a mathematical model that estimates in vivo changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA from ex vivo measurements of virus production. Our study reconciles diverse findings from previous studies, establishes a quantitative experimental approach to evaluate combinatorial LRA efficacy, and presents a model to predict in vivo responses to LRAs.
Emigration of Scientists — The Thermometer Round — Tenpin Fingers
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

LAST year there was much publicity about the emigration of considerable numbers of medical men from Great Britain. A special committee of the Royal Society has recently studied the wider problem of the emigration of scientists, and its report has revealed that the country is losing many of its most talented young scientists at an alarming rate.The committee investigated the emigration rate over a ten-year period and found that the annual rate of permanent emigration of recent Ph.D.'s rose from 43 in 1952 to 143 in 1961. This represents about 12 per cent of the total output of Ph.D.'s . . .
Recipients of blood or blood products "at vCJD risk"
Authors: S. M Bird
Journal: BMJ (2004)

We need to define their rights and responsibilities and those of others 

In December 2003 the health secretary, John Reid, told parliament of the death of the first probable victim of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) after being transfused blood in 1996 from a donor who had been incubating vCJD.1 The disease manifested in the donor in 1999, who died from it. This is the first probable case of transmission of vCJD following blood transfusion. The incubation period of under seven years in the recipient was notably short—consistent with human to human transmission.2 We now need to take steps to define the rights and responsibilities of recipients of “at vCJD risk” blood and blood products and also those of the rest of the population. These steps promise to be expensive and intrusive and have enormous implications for those at risk.3

The issues faced are more parlous than for HIV, against which the blood supply is protected by HIV testing and surgical instruments by autoclaving.4–6 As yet we have no blood test for vCJD and no cure, and surgical instruments used on patients with vCJD have to be destroyed. People who have received blood or blood products that are highly at risk for vCJD will now need to be managed as if vCJD had been diagnosed. This means surgical instruments (including dental) used on these patients cannot …
Remarks on Arthritic Gout
Authors: W. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1897)

FROM a clinical point of view we may usefully divide the cases in which gout appears in connection with the joints into three classes.I. The acute attack of regular gout.A description of this, based on that of Sydenham, may be found in every treatise on the practice of medicine, and does not therefore need to be reproduced here.
RECENT ADVANCES IN DERMATOLOGY WHICH ARE OF SERVICE TO THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Four years ago,<sup>1</sup>when I last had the honor of presiding over this Section, my address was entitled "Notes on Some of the Newer Remedies Used in Diseases of the Skin." At that time I called attention to the very large number of new remedies which were continually presented to the profession, remarking that it was well "now and again to stop and weigh and try to estimate the value or worthlessness of the new and to see what of it should be added to our stock of old, and thus to recognize where true advance had been made." It is in this spirit that I again take up the matter, and I wish to present some of the more recent advances in dermatology, which are of service to the general practitioner. In my former address I called attention to the fact, however, that it was not so much
The Onset and Magnitude of the Contractile Response to Commonly Used Digitalis Glycosides in Normal Subjects
Authors: WILBUR FORESTER, RICHARD P. LEWIS, ARNOLD M. WEISSLER, THOMAS A. WILKE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Controversy exists over the rapidity of onset of the inotropic effect of various digitalis glycosides. Shortening of the systolic time intervals (STI) provides a quantitative measure of the inotropic effect of digitalis glycosides in human subjects. Total electromechanical systole corrected for heart rate (QS 2 I) is the most sensitive of the STI since it combines the shortening effect of digitalis glycosides on both the pre-ejection period and ejection time. Normal volunteer subjects were studied serially following i.v. injection of 1.6 mg cedilanid-D (C) (n = 18), 1.0 mg ouabain (O) (n = 12), 1.6 mg digoxin (D) (n = 16), and 1.6 mg digitoxin (DT) (n = 9). The shortening of QS 2 I was corrected for the molecular weight of the digitalis glycoside. The onset of shortening of the QS 2 I/ mole proved to be exponential for each digitalis glycoside. This allowed estimation of the maximum shortening of QS 2 I/mole (A) which would occur assuming zero excretion, from which the time constant (t c ) of the curves could be determined. There was no significant difference in A among the digitalis glycosides. The t c , were 5.8 min (O), 7.2 min (C), 23 min (D), and 56 min (DT). These t c were significantly different except for O and C. Thus both C and O have a rapid onset of activity which is significantly shorter than either D or DT. The t c for C in patients with congestive heart failure is the same as normals. This study provides a heretofore unavailable, accurate measure of the differences among commonly used glycosides.
NK-cell repertoire is feasible for diagnosing Epstein–Barr virus-infected NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease and evaluating the treatment effect
Authors: Akihisa Sawada, Emiko Sato, Maho Koyama, Banryoku Higuchi, Shigenori Kusuki, Ji Yoo Kim, Yasufumi Takeshita, Akifumi Sakata, Naoki Sakata, Takayuki Okamura, Masahiro Yasui, Masami Inoue, Keisei Kawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occasionally infects T and NK cells and causes EBV-infected T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), which comprises chronic active EBV infection, EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, mosquito allergy, hydroa vacciniforme, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, and NK/T-cell lymphoma. The diagnosis is proven by the monoclonal proliferation of EBV-infected T or NK cells, which is a time-consuming and complicated method. T-cell monoclonality is helpful for the screening of EBV-infected T-cell LPD in patients with EBV-genome burden and is easily shown with T-cell-receptor rearrangement or the T-cell repertoire, whereas NK-cell monoclonality is difficult to prove due to its lacking such rearranged receptors. We investigated a set of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and also CD94-NKG2 heterodimers on NK cells, namely the NK-cell repertoire. Skewed repertoires were seen in all patients with EBV-infected NK-cell LPD, but not in any patients with EBV-infected T-cell LPD and were restored only after successful treatment. The normal KIR repertoire is variable for each individual and it seems difficult to detect minimal residual EBV-infected lymphocytes. However, the NK-cell repertoire is feasible for identifying EBV-infected NK-cell LPD and evaluating the treatment effect.
Teaching practices revisited.
Authors: P Freeling, P Fitton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Vocational training for general practice is a statutory require? ment. The number of general practitioners appointed as trainers has increased greatly since Irvine' conducted a survey in 1970 of 190 practices in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland that were then engaged in vocational training or taught under? graduates and were considered by course organisers  be suitable for vocational training. Irvine attempted to provide basic information about  practices themselves, their premises, equipment, organisation, and facilities for team work in patient care, and  compare them where possible with  practices in  British Medical Association planning unit study, which was based on a representative sample of all general practitioners.1 Trainers today are selected against seven criteria1 : a desire  teach;  ability  teach; a readiness  make time  teach; clinical competence; relationships with professional colleagues and patients; experience and age; practice organisation and premises. The 13 categories of information relevant  practice organisation and premises clearly derive from Irvine's study. Considerable weight is attached  them because the objective is  provide training experience of wide opportunities and high quality, and this may not be possible if  practice premises or facilities are limited or deficient. Irvine's findings in 1970 contrasted sharply with those of  1969 planning unit study. The trainers who have been appointed since 1970 must have come at least in part from  population of general practitioners sampled by  planning unit. In 1981 we sought  determine how  teaching practices in  South West Thames Regional Health Authority compared with  1970 standard setters and  examine any relation between their organisation and premises and  characteristics of  trainers.