tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gravid Uterus in an Incisional Hernia
Authors: Charu Chanana, Neena Malhotra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 32-year-old healthy woman, gravida 6 with two living children, presented at our clinic for the termination of pregnancy at 18 weeks of gestation. Her only previous abdominal surgeries had been two cesarean sections. The physical examination showed a gravid uterus; the rectus sheath was deficient in the midline infraumbilical area, a finding consistent with an incisional hernia. This defect had been present since the patient's last cesarean section 2 years earlier. A medical termination of the pregnancy was performed with the use of a 0.1% solution of ethacridine lactate, which was instilled extraamniotically through a Foley catheter. The termination was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in good condition. An incisional hernia repair was subsequently performed. A 32-year-old healthy woman, gravida 6 with two living children, presented at our clinic for the termination of pregnancy at 18 weeks of gestation. Her only previous abdominal surgeries had been two cesarean sections. The physical examination showed a gravid uterus; the rectus sheath was deficient in the midline infraumbilical area, a finding consistent with an incisional hernia. This defect had been present since the patient's last cesarean section 2 years earlier. A medical termination of the pregnancy was performed with the use of a 0.1% solution of ethacridine lactate, which was instilled extraamniotically through a Foley catheter. The termination was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in good condition. An incisional hernia repair was subsequently performed. Charu Chanana, M.D.Neena Malhotra, M.DAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India [email protected]com
AN EIGHTY-EIGHT POUND OVARIAN CYST SUCCESSFULLY REMOVED FROM A PATIENT SEVENTY-SEVEN YEARS OF AGE.
Authors: BENJAMIN R. SCHENCK
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In these days of operative activity, ovarian tumors weighing more than fifty pounds are sufficiently uncommon to attract attention. The mortality of the operation being so small, and the zeal of the surgeons so great, we no longer see the enormous cysts, which in the earlier days were comparatively frequent. There being several minor points in the following case, both in the physical signs and in the after-treatment, I feel justified in reporting it in full. <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. M. S. entered Johns Hopkins Hospital March 23, 1903. She was barely able to stand or walk alone on account of a large abdominal tumor, and the infirmity of her age, which was asserted by her companion to be 77 years. She was of Irish descent, illiterate, and had lived for many years in the slums of Baltimore. <h3>Present Trouble.</h3> —As far as could be ascertained
The Association Between Prenatal Care and Birth Weight Among Women Exposed to Cocaine in New York City
Authors: Andrew Racine
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although the association between antenatal cocaine use and adverse birth outcomes has been well documented, relatively little is known about interventions that may ameliorate these consequences. We therefore examined the relationship between prenatal care and birth weight among a population of prenatal cocaine users.Population-based retrospective analysis.All single-gestation live births to white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic, and Hispanic residents of New York City who gave birth between 1988 and 1990 with a positive indication for cocaine recorded on birth certificates (N = 7923).We contrasted mean birth weight and rates of low birth weight (< 2500 g) among cocaine users with one to three prenatal care visits, four or more visits, and unknown numbers of visits with users who reported no prenatal care. We used ordinary least squares and logistic regression to control for age, parity, smoking, alcohol, other drugs, weight gain, prepregnancy weight, employment, marital status, participation in the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children, and method of finance.Adjusted odds ratios of low birth weight for cocaine users with four prenatal care visits or more as compared with those who had none were 0.51 for blacks (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.59), 0.39 for whites (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.66), and 0.37 for Hispanics (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.48). Adjusted mean birth weight differences between users with four visits or more and those with none were 262 g for blacks (P < .001), 247 g for whites (P < .001), and 317 g for Hispanics (P < .001).The receipt of prenatal care among cocaine users is associated with significant improvements in birth weight. Enrollment of cocaine users in prenatal care may be an effective start to a more comprehensive approach to this problem.
Lupus Erythematosus Cells in CSF
Authors: Jerome S. Nosanchuk
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WHILE spontaneously occurring lupus erythematosus (LE) cells are only rarely detected in body fluids,<sup>1-5</sup>the finding of spontaneously formed LE cells in a CSF submitted for routine examination is a singularly rare event. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old woman was admitted to Strong Memorial Hospital for evaluation of pain and swelling of multiple joints of one year's duration. One year earlier, at another hospital, she had had a lung abscess drained surgically. Two weeks postoperatively, fever and arthralgia developed, and she was found to have a positive antinuclear antibody and LE preparation. Complement was reported as decreased, but no anti-DNA was detectable. At that time, therapy with prednisone was begun. There was a 15-year history of hypothyroidism. On admission, she appeared ill, cushingoid, and in obvious pain with movement. Her proximal interphalangeal, metacarpal-phalangeal, and wrist joints were swollen and their synovia thickened. She had a macular-papular, nontender rash
Normal production of neutrophil activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 in monocytes from subjects with previous yersinia triggered reactive arthritis.
Authors: H Repo, M Ristola, M Leirisalo-Repo, A Walz, M Baggiolini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Normal production of neutrophil activating peptide I/interleukin 8 in monocytes from subjects with previous yersinia triggered reactive arthritis SIR: Ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis, a form of sterile joint inflammation triggered by an infection elsewhere in the body, belong to a family of seronegative spondyloarthropathies.Reactive arthritis can * 0 ..
Successful salvage endoscopic mucosal resection for residual superficial hypopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy, with long-term survival
Authors: T. Yoshida, Y. Shimizu, S. Ono, N. Oridate, M. Kato, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We have read with great interest the article by Yano et al. [1] on the utility of salvage endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in esophageal carcinoma patients with local failure after definitive chemoradiotherapy, and also the article by Iizuka et al. [2] on the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the efficacy of elevation of the larynx for treatment of early mesopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Yano and colleagues reported that 5-year survival rates following salvage EMR were 67.5 % (T1, n = 11) and 30.0 % (T3/T4, n = 10). Their data show that salvage EMR is not inferior to salvage esophagectomy for recurrent or residual esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy [3], in terms of curative treatment effect and long-term survival, if the lesions are superficial without lymph node and distant metastasis. Iizuka and colleagues attempted ESD with elevation of the larynx with the objective of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of endoscopic treatment for pharyngeal lesions. In order to perform this technique with adequate intraoperative and postoperative management and without serious complications, cooperation between endoscopists and otolaryngologists is necessary. We have also always performed treatment in cooperation with otolaryngologists for cases of early-stage head and neck cancer. Patients with primary superficial laryngopharyngeal carcinoma at an early stage have been curatively treated by EMR and ESD with such cooperation, especially in Japan [2] [4] [5] [6]. However, the utility of salvage EMR or ESD for residual superficial laryngopharyngeal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy is unclear. Here we describe for the first time a case of long-term survival following successful treatment with salvage EMR for residual superficial hypopharyngeal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy, in cooperation with otolaryngologists, and we discuss the utility of salvage EMR in this context.
Abstract LB-63: Cell ground state dictates cancer susceptibility across organs
Authors: Liqin Zhu, Helen Poppleton, Geoffrey Neale, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Stanley Pounds, Armita Bahrami, Sarah Utley, Kasper S. Wang, Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada, David W. Ellison, Richard J. Gilbertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancers are distributed unevenly across the body, suggesting that cell context dictates susceptibility to transformation. To test this hypothesis, we mapped cellular susceptibility to tumor initiation across all organs in adult mice. Ten combinations of potent oncogenic mutations, including activating mutations of Kras, Notch1, Ctnnb1 and deletions of tumor suppressors Tp53,Pten and Cdkn2a, were targeted by conditional recombination into Prom1+ (CD133+) cells in the organs of &amp;gt;800 Prom1-Cre/+ mice. Life time clinical surveillance, necropsy and gene expression profiling of over 250 animals, across all genotypes, identified extensive tumor formation that was biased to certain organs including small intestine, stomach, liver, skin, prostate and uterus. Extensive histology and cross-species genomics confirmed these tumors recapitulated &amp;gt;250 tissue-matched human cancers. Detailed mapping of the number and proliferative activity of Prom1+ cells in organs demonstrated that these variables did not dictate cancer incidence. Rather, parallel, life-long linage tracing of Prom1+ populations showed that the capacity of these cells to repair and regenerate their host organ is directly correlated with their tumorigenic capacity. Only Prom1+ cells capable of long-term tissue renewal generated cancers; quiescent and differentiated Prom1+ cells rarely formed tumors regardless of targeted oncogenic mutation. The repair/regeneration capacity of Prom1+ populations also dictated developmental and damage-response patterns of tumorigenesis. Normally quiescent and tumor-resistant Prom1+ cells in the adult liver became highly regenerative upon liver damage, dramatically increasing their tumorigenic capacity. Conversely, Prom1+ cells are highly proliferative in the neonatal liver - driving the development of this organ - and were highly susceptible to transformation without inducing liver damage. Remarkably, neonatal Prom1+ cells formed hepatoblastoma, the pediatric form of liver cancer. Our large-scale, comprehensive mapping of tumor susceptibility shows that cell ground-state, and specifically the capacity to repair and regenerate organs, is a common determinant of cancer susceptibility across all major organs. Citation Format: Liqin Zhu, Helen Poppleton, Geoffrey Neale, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Stanley Pounds, Armita Bahrami, Sarah Utley, Kasper S. Wang, Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada, David W. Ellison, Richard J. Gilbertson. Cell ground state dictates cancer susceptibility across organs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-63. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-63
Role of Caveolar Compartmentation in Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor–Mediated Relaxation
Authors: J. Saliez, C. Bouzin, G. Rath, P. Ghisdal, F. Desjardins, R. Rezzani, L.F. Rodella, J. Vriens, B. Nilius, O. Feron, J-L. Balligand, C. Dessy
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— In endothelial cells, caveolin-1, the structural protein of caveolae, acts as a scaffolding protein to cluster lipids and signaling molecules within caveolae and, in some instances, regulates the activity of proteins targeted to caveolae. Specifically, different putative mediators of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)–mediated relaxation are located in caveolae and/or regulated by the structural protein caveolin-1, such as potassium channels, calcium regulatory proteins, and connexin 43, a molecular component of gap junctions. Methods and Results— Comparing relaxation in vessels from caveolin-1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates, we observed a complete absence of EDHF-mediated vasodilation in isolated mesenteric arteries from caveolin-1 knockout mice. The absence of caveolin-1 is associated with an impairment of calcium homeostasis in endothelial cells, notably, a decreased activity of Ca 2+ -permeable TRPV4 cation channels that participate in nitric oxide– and EDHF-mediated relaxation. Moreover, morphological characterization of caveolin-1 knockout and wild-type arteries showed fewer gap junctions in vessels from knockout animals associated with a lower expression of connexins 37, 40, and 43 and altered myoendothelial communication. Finally, we showed that TRPV4 channels and connexins colocalize with caveolin-1 in the caveolar compartment of the plasma membrane. Conclusions— We demonstrated that expression of caveolin-1 is required for EDHF-related relaxation by modulating membrane location and activity of TRPV4 channels and connexins, which are both implicated at different steps in the EDHF-signaling pathway.
Abstract 3107: The role of LIN28 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) pathogenesis
Authors: Ji Hoon Phi, Seung Ah Choi, Yong Hwy Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Kyu-Chang Wang, Seung-Ki Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly malignant brain tumor developing almost exclusively in children. It belongs to the embryonal brain tumor group which consists of primitive tumors recapitulating early embryogenesis of nervous system. It is known that loss of INI protein expression is the hallmark of ATRT pathogenesis. LIN28 is a key gene in embryonic development and maintenance of pluripotency in stem cells. Considering the primitive nature and young age onset of ATRT, LIN28 may be an important co-player in ATRT pathogenesis. We explored the expression and functional role of LIN28 in ATRT. In tumor tissues, LIN28 is highly expressed in ATRT compared with medulloblastomas, another embroynal tumor, whereas primary let-7 microRNA is down-regulated in ATRT. ATRT also showed higher expression of CCND1 and MYC and lower expression of CDKN1C. Knockdown of LIN28 with siRNA in ATRT cell lines resulted decreased cell viability, proliferation, and migration capability. Suppression of CCND1 and MYC expression and enhanced expression of CDKN1C were also observed. Knockdown of LIN28 lead to decreased expression of other pulripotency genes (OCT4 and NANOG) and signature of mesenchymal-epithelial transition was observed after suppression of LIN28. We then introduced wild-type INI1 into ATRT cells by transfection. Restoration of INI in ATRT cell lines lead to decreased expression of LIN28 and CCND1. These results showed that LIN28 is regulated by INI1 and that loss of INI1 protein in ATRT results in unopposed expression of LIN28 and related oncogenes such as CCND1, leading to tumorigenesis. Therefore, the strategic role of LIN28 in ATRT may be utilized as an important therapeutic target. Citation Format: Ji Hoon Phi, Seung Ah Choi, Yong Hwy Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Kyu-Chang Wang, Seung-Ki Kim. The role of LIN28 in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) pathogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3107
A Poor Prognosis Subtype of HNSCC Is Consistently Observed across Methylome, Transcriptome, and miRNome Analysis
Authors: Alain C. Jung, Sylvie Job, Sonia Ledrappier, Christine Macabre, Joseph Abecassis, Aurélien de Reyniès, Bohdan Wasylyk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Distant metastasis after treatment is observed in about 20% of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). In the absence of any validated robust biomarker, patients at higher risk for metastasis cannot be provided with tailored therapy. To identify prognostic HNSCC molecular subgroups and potential biomarkers, we have conducted genome-wide integrated analysis of four omic sets of data.Using state-of-the-art technologies, a core set of 45 metastasizing and 55 nonmetastasizing human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated HNSCC patient samples were analyzed at four different levels: gene expression (transcriptome), DNA methylation (methylome), DNA copy number (genome), and microRNA (miRNA) expression (miRNome). Molecular subgroups were identified by a model-based clustering analysis. Their clinical relevance was evaluated by survival analysis, and functional significance by pathway enrichment analysis.Patient subgroups selected by transcriptome, methylome, or miRNome integrated analysis are associated with shorter metastasis-free survival (MFS). A common subgroup, R1, selected by all three omic approaches, is statistically more significantly associated with MFS than any of the single omic-selected subgroups. R1 and non-R1 samples display similar DNA copy number landscapes, but more frequent chromosomal aberrations are observed in the R1 cluster (especially loss at 13q14.2-3). R1 tumors are characterized by alterations of pathways involved in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, and apoptosis.Integration of data across several omic profiles leads to better selection of patients at higher risk, identification of relevant molecular pathways of metastasis, and potential to discover biomarkers and drug targets.
Hyperinfection with strongyloides after treatment for adult T cell leukaemia-lymphoma in an African immigrant.
Authors: A. Pagliuca, D. M. Layton, S. Allen, G. J. Mufti
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Une observation: hyperinfection par strongyloides stercoralis apres traitement efficace d'une hemopathie maligne, amenant une immunodepression
Exogenous surfactant improves ventilation efficiency and alveolar expansion in rats with meconium aspiration.
Authors: B Sun, T Curstedt, B Robertson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The pathogenesis of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) may involve inactivation of endogenous surfactant, and data from clinical pilot studies indicate that treatment with exogenous surfactant may alleviate respiratory failure in babies with MAS. We studied ventilation efficiency after treatment with a modified porcine surfactant in experimental meconium aspiration. Adult rats were anesthetized and tracheotomized, and received via a tracheal cannula from 4 to 6 ml/kg body weight of a saline suspension of human meconium (25 mg [dry weight]/ml). After 30 min of ventilation with 100% oxygen, the animals were in respiratory failure, with dynamic lung-thorax compliance < 0.5 ml/cm H2O/kg and PaO2 < 8 kPa (60 mm Hg). Animals were then allocated to: (1) immediate treatment with surfactant (200 mg/kg); (2) treatment with surfactant (200 mg/kg 3 h later; or (3) a control group not receiving surfactant. All animals were ventilated for 6 h with variable FIO2 and peak inspiratory/positive end-expiratory pressure (PIP/PEEP). In the control group, six of 12 animals died of respiratory failure with hypoxemia and acidosis despite ventilation with 100% oxygen and high mean airway pressure (> 20 cm H2O). The lungs of all animals in this group showed severe atelectasis, influx of neutrophils, edema, and hyaline membranes. In contrast, animals allocated to immediate or late surfactant treatment had lower mortality (one of seven and two of eight, respectively), a reduction of oxygen supply by 30%, and a decrease in mean airway pressure of 3 to 4 cm H2O. This was associated with a > 50% increase in static lung volume at 40 cm H2O inflation and 10 cm H2O deflation pressure and improved alveolar expansion in histologic sections. Hyaline membranes tended to be less prominent in surfactant-treated animals than in controls. We conclude that both early and late treatment with surfactant is effective in this animal model of MAS.
Constellation of Risks and Processes Seen in Search for Alzheimer's Clues
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE SEARCH for the cause of Alzheimer's disease is sparking spirited debate. New ideas about the failure of apolipoproteins to bind to tau proteins, the main component of neurofibrillary tangles, are sharply criticized by most in the field, who have long placed blame on β amyloid, the main component of senile plaques. However, new evidence on many fronts suggests that there is probably not one single pathological route but rather several risk factors and pathological processes that, in various combinations, lead to the manifestations known as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genes with roles in cancer as well as heart disease may be involved. So may sex hormones, growth factors, immune system responses, zinc, and apparently normal age-related changes, not alone but in concert with amyloid and tau. Many of these possibilities could offer therapeutic opportunities. For example, estrogen replacement therapy may reduce the risk of developing AD, and anti-inflammatory drugs might
The effect of urea infusion on the urinary concentrating mechanism in protein-depleted rats.
Authors: J P Pennell, V Sanjana, N R Frey, R L Jamison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

To explore the role of urea in the urinary concentrating mechanism, the contents of vasa recta, Henle's descending limbs and collecting ducts were sampled by micropuncture of the renal papilla before and after infusion of urea in 10 protein-depleted rats. Eight protein-depleted rats not given urea were similarly studied as a control group. After urea administration, osmolality and the concentrations of urea and nonurea solute of urine from both exposed and contralateral kideny increased significantly. The osmolality and urea concentration of fluid from the end of Henle's descending limb and vasa recta plasma and the tubule fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio in the end-descending limb all increased significantly after urea infusion. We interpret these observations to indicate that urea enhances urinary concentration by increasing the abstraction of water from the juxtamedullary nephron (presumably the descending limb), in agreement with the prediction of recent passive models of the urinary concentrating mechanism. However, the concentration of urea in fluid from the descending limb after urea infusion was high (261 plus or minus 31 mM) and the difference in solium concentration between descending limb fluid and vasa recta was small and statistically insignificant.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SMOOTH AND ROUGH PNEUMOCOCCUS COLONIES
Authors: John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The characteristic appearances exhibited by the surface colonies of both S and R pneumococci in 24 and 48 hour cultures upon rabbit blood agar have been reviewed. Emphasis has been laid upon the behavior and structure of the colonies formed by R pneumococci, their frequent similarity to the colonies formed by certain strains of Streptococcus viridans, and their failure to undergo rapid autolysis in the first 48-96 hours, a phenomenon which is highly characteristic of the S pneumococcus colonies. With the S pneumococci it has been shown that "pseudo rough" colonies may be immediately produced under certain unfavorable cultural conditions but such changes in colony morphology as these do not indicate that complete dissociation has taken place and that the organisms may be classified as true R pneumococci.