tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome a risk factor for pulmonary thromboemboli
Authors: Kezban Ozmen Suner, Ali Nihat Annakkaya, Umran Toru, Talha Dumlu, Oner Balbay, Peri Arbak, Leyla Yilmaz Aydin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

There is no study demonstrating the relationship between OSAS and venous thromboemboli (VTE). The aim is to evaluate OSAS in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and OSAS as a risk factor for PE.

In the department of chest diseases of Duzce University Hospital, 50 patients with PE were evaluated for the frequency of OSAS, prospectively.

Polysomnographic was performed to clinically stable 30 patients agreed to participate in the study. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) more than 5 was defined as OSAS.

30 patients (14 women, 16 men, 25-85 age) were included in study. There were 24 patients with non-massive PE (%80), 3 patients with submassive PE (%10), 2 patients chronic PE (%6,7) and 1 patient with massive PE (%3,3), respectively.%56,7 of the patients (17/30) OSAS were detected. The percent of patients with moderate and severe OSAS (AHI >15) was%26,7 (8/30). The patients with no known major risk factors for PE had significantly high rates OSAS compared to those with having major risk factors (respectively,%70; 14/20,%30 3/10 and p:0,045) The mean age of the group with major risk factor for VTE was found low. (66-13 and 52 -15, p: 0,015) There was no significantly difference for gender, weight and body mass index between the groups, who have major risk factors for VTE and who have no major risk factor for VTE.

The rate of OSAS in patients with PE was much higher than that of community. Moreover, the clinical significance of moderate and severe OSAS patients in the community for at least 5 times higher. The group with idiopathic thromboembolism without a risk factor has OSAS in higher rates when compared with the group with risk factors.
Abstract 167: Selective Head Cooling Initiated During CPR and Continued Following Return of Spontaneous Circulation Improves Coronary Perfusion Pressure and Myocardial Tissue Perfusion After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Giuseppe Ristagno, Francesca Fumagalli, Sung P Chung, Yinlun Weng, Shijie Sun, Max H Weil, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: We have reported that head cooling improved post resuscitation myocardial function, while systemic cooling by cold saline intravenous infusion (CSI) did not. Nevertheless, CSI is now ac...
Effects of tumor tissue collagen content on the flow rate during intratumoral infusion
Authors: Sarah McGuire, David Zaharoff, Fan Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

1259 

Intratumoral infusion offers a possibility of localized drug and gene delivery to solid tumors. It can increase the amount of therapeutic agents in tumors via enhanced convective transport while reducing systemic toxicity. However, the practicality of intratumoral infusion depends largely upon the transport parameters dictated by interstitial structures, cell density, and molecular properties of drugs. Therefore, it becomes important to overcome the resistance to convective transport of drugs and genes in the interstitial space, which consists of interstitial fluid and extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated the effects of collagen content in the ECM on the flow rate during intratumoral infusion. Three tumor models were used in the study: a mouse melanoma (B16.F10), a mouse mammary carcinoma (4T1), and a human glioma (U87). The collagen concentrations in these tumors were 2.9 ± 1.2, 18.1 ± 3.5, and 12.2 ± 0.9 μg/mg wet wt, respectively. In the experiment, we infused Evans blue-labeled albumin solution into these tumors at the pressure of 36.8, 51.5, or 69.2 mmHg and measured the flow rate at each infusion pressure. We observed that the amount of collagen in a tumor significantly altered the relationship between flow rate and pressure. The flow rate was a bell-shaped function of the pressure in 4T1 tumors, which contained the most collagen of the three. In B16.F10 and U87 tumors, the flow rate increased exponentially with increasing the pressure. To understand mechanisms of this phenomenon, we developed a mathematical model based on the poroelastic theory. The model predicted that the flow behavior during the infusion was due to an anisotropic tissue deformation that increased the hydraulic conductivity in the radial direction and yet reduced the same quantity in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions. These results may be useful for optimization of infusion parameters for drug and gene delivery.
Differential Taxes for Differential Risks — Toward Reduced Harm from Nicotine-Yielding Products
Authors: Frank J. Chaloupka, David Sweanor, Kenneth E. Warner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In the face of a rapidly evolving nicotine-product marketplace, policymakers could consider differentially taxing these products to maximize incentives for tobacco users to switch from the most harmful products to the least harmful ones.
Rapid Endovascular Catheter Core Cooling Combined With Cold Saline as an Adjunct to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: David Erlinge, Matthias Götberg, Irene Lang, Michael Holzer, Marko Noc, Peter Clemmensen, Ulf Jensen, Bernhard Metzler, Stefan James, Hans Erik Bötker, Elmir Omerovic, Henrik Engblom, Marcus Carlsson, Håkan Arheden, Ollie Östlund, Lars Wallentin, Jan Harnek, Göran K. Olivecrona
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 19122: Co-administration of Autologous Cardiac Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Infarct Size and is Superior to a Single Cell Type in Restoring Function in a Swine Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Viky Y Suncion, Vasileios Karantalis, Luiza Bagno, Samuel Golpanian, Bo Wang, Frederic McCall, Ariel Wolf, Jose Rodriguez, Marcos Rosado, David Valdes, Samirah Gomes, Jose Da Silva, Courtney Premer, Azorides Morales, Ivonne H Schulman, Wayne Balkan, Darcy S DiFede, Muzammil Mushtaq, Joel E Fishman, Pradip Pattany, Juan Pablo Zambrano, Alan H Heldman, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  While a cell combination of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and ckit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) improves left ventricular (LV) performance to a greater degree than MSCs alone in post myocardial infarction swine, the impact in heart failure remains unknown.   Hypothesis:  To advance the development of cell combination therapy, we tested the hypothesis that transendocardial autologous CSCs/MSCs produces greater improvement of performance than autologous MSCs in a rigorous model of heart failure.   Methods:  Mini-swine (n=28) underwent LAD coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, and allowed to undergo LV remodeling for 90 days. Autologous MSCs were amplified from bone marrow and CSCs from heart biopsies in each swine, and injections of either CSC/MSC combo (1M/200M, n=7), MSCs (200M, n=6), or placebo (Plasmalyte, n=6) were injected to the infarct-border zone via the NOGA system. MRI and pressure volume loops were obtained.   Results:  Both cell groups had substantially reduced scar size (Combo –37.2± 5.4% vs MSCs –44.1±6.8% vs placebo -12±4.2, P   Conclusions:  Combination cell therapy and MSCs alone dramatically reduce scar size in swine with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. In contrast, combination therapy has much greater impact on functional recovery, increasing EF to [near normal] levels. These findings illustrate that interactions between ckit+ CSCs and MSCs result in substantial enhancement in cardiac performance, establish the safety of autologous cell combination strategies, and support the development of an advanced second generation cell therapeutic product.
Abstract 2217: Aortic and Peripheral Atherosclerosis is Related to Wall Motion Abnormalities Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Connie W Tsao, Philimon Gona, Carol J Salton, Joanne M Murabito, Noriko Oyama, Peter G Danias, Daniel Levy, Christopher J O'Donnell, Warren J Manning, Susan B Yeon
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Resting left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMA) may reflect coronary heart disease (CHD) and are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. CHD is frequently associated with peripheral a...
Abstract 2497: Increased Coronary Sinus Blood Temperature Independent of the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease - Correlation With Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Virginia Markou, Maria Drakopoulou, Chrysoula Patsa, John Karabelas, Manolis Vavuranakis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Aris Androulakis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Was Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma Visible on Previous Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Images?
Authors: Shintaro Ichikawa, Tomoaki Ichikawa, Utaroh Motosugi, Katsuhiro Sano, Hiroyuki Morisaka, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Masanori Matsuda, Hideki Fujii
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)

During the follow-up of patients with chronic liver disease, hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) can develop either from pre-existing high-risk nodules or by de novo hepatocarcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by retrospective analysis, the detectability and signal intensity on previous hepatocyte-phase gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) of hypervascular HCC initially detected on current EOB-MRIs.We examined 50 initially detected hypervascular HCCs that showed typical enhancement features on EOB-MRI in 39 patients whose previous EOB-MRI images obtained 6-19 months earlier were available. The detectability of each hypervascular HCC on the hepatocyte phase images of previous EOB-MRIs was assessed. The imaging features on hepatocyte-phase images of previous EOB-MRIs at the locations where hypervascular HCCs were found on the current EOB-MRI images were classified as detectable or undetectable. The signal intensities of detectable nodules (defined as group A) on hepatocyte-phase images of previous EOB-MRIs were classified as hypo-, iso-, or hyperintensity. Nodules undetectable on the hepatocyte-phase images of previous EOB-MRIs were assigned to group B.Twenty-two (22/50, 44%) hypervascular HCCs were detectable on the earlier hepatocyte phase images (group A). In contrast, 28 (28/50, 56%) hypervascular HCCs were not detectable on the hepatocyte phase of earlier EOB-MRI images (group B).When the previous EOB-MRI images were used as the reference, more than half (28/50, 56%) of hypervascular HCCs initially appearing on the current EOB-MRI images were found not to have developed from nodules detectable on the previous MRIs through the traditionally accepted process of multistep carcinogenesis. Instead, they seemed to have developed via an "imaging-occult" process of carcinogenesis in patients with chronic liver diseases.
Abstract CT211: Biomarker search using gene expression databases in a phase III controlled clinical trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer (ACTS-CC): correlation between clinicopathological factors and gene expression level
Authors: Hiroyuki Uetake, Toshiaki Ishikawa, Megimi Ishiguro, Shigeyuki Matsui
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: The ACTS-CC trial is a randomized, controlled phase III study designed to validate the noninferiority of S-1 to UFT/leucovorin as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer and rectosigmoid cancer. A prospective biomarker search was performed as an auxiliary study of the ACTS-CC trial, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens obtained from 892 patients. The gene expression levels of 5-FU metabolizing enzymes and folate metabolizing enzymes and alterations of genome-wide copy numbers in tumor have been reported (2012, 2013 and 2014 Annual Meetings of AACR). In the present study, we performed correlation analyses of clinicopathological feature and gene expression level. Methods: Blocks of resected tumor specimens for this biomarker study were obtained after receiving informed consent from 892 of 1535 patients enrolled between April 2009 and January 2010. Macro-dissections were manually performed to extract total RNA and genomic DNA from 10-μm-thick FFPE specimens of colon cancer. Gene expression levels of 11 enzymes (TS, DPD, TP, OPRT, FPGS, GGH, DHFR, MTHFR, MTHFD, FOLRA, GART) related to 5-FU and folic acid metabolism were studied according to the Danenberg Tumor ProfileTM method (Shirota, Y. JCO 2001). Results: Gene expression levels were successfully estimated in 521-808 samples (84.0-90.0%, median 89.4%). Among 11 genes, GGH most strongly correlated with tumor locations: expression level of GGH in the distal colon was 1.8 times higher than those in the proximal colon. Gene expressions of DPD and GGH were significantly influenced by differentiation of tumor. DPD and GGH mRNA levels in poorly differentiated tumors were 2.0 or 2.5 times higher than those in well differentiated tumors, respectively. Likewise, TS most strongly correlated with tumor depth: expression level in T1 or T2 tumor was 1.3 times higher than those in T4 tumor. Conclusions: Location, differentiation and depth of the tumor correlated with each gene expressions. Our findings will facilitate understanding the characteristics of colon cancer. Further investigation on gene expressions including genome-wide copy number analysis may contribute to the exploration of valid biomarkers. Citation Format: Hiroyuki Uetake, Toshiaki Ishikawa, Megimi Ishiguro, Shigeyuki Matsui. Biomarker search using gene expression databases in a phase III controlled clinical trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer (ACTS-CC): correlation between clinicopathological factors and gene expression level. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT211
Increased number of dengue cases in Swedish travellers to Thailand
Authors: A Heddini, R Janzon, A Linde
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Between 2004 and 2008, around 30-60 cases of dengue fever in travellers were reported annually in Sweden. Over 75% of cases in 2005-2008 were infected when travelling to Southeast Asia, most if them in Thailand, one of the Swedes most popular holiday destinations. Since 2007, we have observed a 55% increase in the number of dengue fever cases reported per month, with 17 cases reported in January 2009 alone.
Abstract 014: Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rachel H Mackey, Lewis H Kuller, Russell P Tracy, Yuefang Chang, Kevin D Deane, V. Michael Holers, Brian T Walitt, William H Robinson, Larry W Moreland
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Reasons for increased CHD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain unclear. We conducted a prospective CHD nested case-control study among postmenopausal women with RA in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to test hypotheses that CHD was associated with: 1) traditional risk factors, including lipoproteins, 2) inflammatory &amp; coagulation markers, and 3) serological (rheumatoid factor, (RF)) and genetic (the HLA-DRB shared epitope (SE)) markers of RA. Methods: At baseline, of the 161,808 WHI participants aged 50-79, 16,461 (10.2%) reported RA. Chart-review in 2 centers documented that the positive predictive value for probable RA was only 15% for self-reported RA but was 62% when combined with self-reported use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). To further improve classification, we measured anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-2 antibody (anti-CCP2), a marker that is &gt;95% specific for RA, on 9,988 (66%) of white, black, or Hispanic WHI participants with reported RA. Probable RA was defined as self-report plus DMARD use or anti-CCP positivity (+). Among 1423 probable RA cases we sampled 116 CHD cases that occurred during ∼ 10 years of follow-up, and controls matched 1:1 on age, anti-CCP positivity (+/−), and WHI component: Clinical Trial vs. Observational Study. We measured lipoproteins by NMR spectroscopy, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and RF by immunoassay, and HLA-DRB shared epitope (SE) by Luminex/PCR. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Among women with probable RA ( Table ), in separate models, CHD was associated with hypertension, lipoprotein particles (higher total and small LDL, large VLDL, and lower large HDL), and higher CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and fibrinogen; however, only lipoproteins were significant. D-dimer, RF+, and S.E. were not associated with CHD. Conclusion: Among postmenopausal women with RA, modifiable risk factors, particularly lipoproteins, predicted CHD, emphasizing the potential for CHD prevention in this group. Predictors of CHD Among Women in the WHI With Probable RA*, n=116 CHD Case/Control Pairs Predictor (log unit or indicated) OR (95% CI) Hypertension (y/n) 1.45 (0.86, 2.45) Small LDL-P 1.41 (1.10, 1.81) Total LDL-P 5.12 (1.74, 15.00) Large HDL-P 0.47 (0.26, 0.86) Large VLDL-P 1.40 (1.10, 1.77) CRP 1.26 (0.99, 1.61) Fibrinogen 1.66 (0.49, 5.57) sVCAM-1 1.43 (0.55, 3.69) sICAM-1 1.99 (0.88, 4.53) D-dimer 1.12 (0.83, 1.51) RF (+/−) 1.18 (0.62, 2.23) #HLA-DRB S.E. (1, 2 vs. 0) 0.74 (0.42, 1.29) Models adjusted for hypertension, smoking, lipid-lowering and DMARD use. Predictors log-transformed unless indicated
Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a marker of prostate cancer stem cell-like cells in cell lines
Authors: Chunyan Yu, Zhi Yao, Jinlu Dai, Xiaohua Zhang, June Escara-Wilke, Evan Keller
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1300  Cancer stem/progenitor cells have been shown to be a small stem cell-like cell population which appears to drive tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, identification and characterization of cancer stem cells may be critical to defining effective anti-cancer therapies. In prostate cancer (PCa), the CD44+ population appears to contain stem cell like properties including being tumorigenic. In the current study, we sought to further identify the PCa stem cell-like cell population. The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found to identify hematopoietic stem cells and our aim was to determine the utility of ALDH to identify PCa stem cell-like cells in PCa cell lines. LNCaP and PC3 cells were subjected to flow cytometry activated sorting (FACS) based on their cell surface expression of CD44 and their ALDH enzymatic activity. CD44+ cells were not detected in the LNCaP cell population; however, ALDH+ LNCaP cells (about 3% of the population) showed distinct clonogenic function in vitro and formed spheres whereas ALDH- LNCaP cells did not. In PC3 cells, the ALDH+ cells represented up to 30% of the population. ALDH+CD44+, ALDH+CD44-, ALDH-CD44+, ALDH-CD44- PC3 cells had 25.25%, 5.25%, 10.4%, and 0.7% of colony formation respectively. Furthermore, ALDH+CD44+ (0.6-1.6% of the population) PC3 cells underwent colony formation and asymmetric cell differentiation in 3D Matrigel Matrix. These results suggest that ALDHis a marker of the PCa stem cell-like cell in cell lines.
Abstract 517: Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Atrioventricular Conduction in a Rat Model of Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Miki Yokokawa, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Masashi Inagaki, Hiroaki Obata, Yoshinori Miyahara, Koichi Tanaka, Wataru Shimizu, Kenji Kangawa, Shiro Kamakura, Soichiro Kitamura, Noritoshi Nagaya
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Soundings: My pelvis and I
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Medical student assessments (or “exams” as we used to call them) are like military exercises nowadays. “Examiners must rendezvous at 0800 hours sharp in the Sports Hall.” This was the only academic building large enough to house objective structured clinical examinations for all 194 candidates in a single morning in July.

The problem for me, unfamiliar with sports halls, was finding the door. The command team had foreseen this and a snatch squad rescued me from the candidates' briefing. I was marched at the double to the other entrance and given my identity badge.

Inside, a hundred examiners were waiting to go over the top, backed up by simulated patients. Everywhere you looked, there was a gynaecologist. Our instructions boomed from the tannoy. “Do not start until the bell rings.” I think that's what it said.

The candidates would come at us in two waves, the second held back until the first had broken our resistance. The hall was divided by screens into 10 circuits of ten stations each. Mine was number B6 and my job was to stand beside a rubber pelvis while the candidates inspected its cervix.

My pelvis had seen better days. There had been supply line problems. Each of the identical circuits needed a pelvis. A vanload had arrived the previous afternoon but nobody on campus would sign for them so they had been taken back to a warehouse in the Midlands.

That was when the lecturers showed true Dunkirk spirit. All night they searched for replacements and, by golly, they found them. In the morning one lecturer was still there, looking pale. “Don't ask, Prof,” she said.

As I waited, I breathed deeply and rechecked my computerised mark sheets. One false move with my HB pencil, one lozenge incorrectly filled, one anonymised 10-digit candidate number misread, and it was curtains for all of us.

Suddenly, the bell. We were off. One by one, candidates appeared. One by one they introduced themselves to the pelvis and asked its permission to proceed. I felt a growing urge to learn ventriloquism.

Aging rubber does not yield easily but the candidates were equal to the task. Each demonstrated the cervix and wrested back the speculum, eventually. Back on civvy street they were sweet and gentle but dammit, this was war.
Potentiation of anti-cancer effect of beta-lapachone by increasing cellular NQO1 expression
Authors: Heonjoo Park, Eun Kyung Choi, Ki Jung Ahn, Ji Hyung Choi, Byung Uk Lim, Chang Won Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

4133 

Beta-Lapachone (B-lap), an extract from Lapacho trees, is a cytotoxic quinone against cancer cells. It has been proposed that NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) catalyzes two-electrons reduction of B -lap using either NADH or NAD(P)H as electron donor. The resultant hydroquinone is unstable and oxidized to the original form of B- -lap in the presence of oxygen resulting in a futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone. The resultant depletion of NADH or NAD(P)H and ATP levels leads to massive release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum, depolarizing mictochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome C, which then triggers signal transduction for cell death. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of B-lap is closely related to constitutive NQO1 level in various cancer cells. Importantly, it has been observed that the cellular level of NQO1 can be increased by exposing cells to ionizing radiation. In our studies, ionizing radiation increased the NQO1 level in various animal as well as human cancer cells, thereby potentiating the response of cancer cells to B-lap in vitro. The combined effect of X-irradiation and B-lap treatment was synergistic in to suppressing the growth of FSaII tumors grown in C3H mice and various human tumor xenografts. Our recent experiments revealed that NQO1 level in cancer cells can be significantly upregulated by acidic environment at pH 6.6, heating at 42°C for 1 h or reoxygenation following an exposure to hypoxic environment. The intrinsic NQO1 content in malignant tissues has been observed to be much greater than that in adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, it is feasible to further increase the NQO1 level in tumors by pre-exposing the tumors to various stresses in order to increase the effect of B-lap preferentially against malignant tumors. Genetic manipulation of NQO1 level in cancer cells may be another approach to enhance the anti-cancer effect of B-lap. This work is supported by Korean National Cancer Center Grant