tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The George E. Brown Memorial Lecture
Authors: DAVID P. BARR
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In this lecture a partial and tentative examination has been made of chemical factors possibly important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The discussion has centered about four observations concerning the incidence and extent of the disease. The first is that man appears to be unique among mammals in his predisposition; the second, that the condition is seldom if ever seen in the human infant at birth; the third, that healthy women are not likely to develop its complications before the time of the menopause; the fourth, that in man certain maladies and particularly diabetes, familial xanthomatosis, and nephrosis favor early and extensive atheromatous deposits. An attempt has been made to relate present knowledge of lipid composition of the blood to known variations in the degree of predisposition to the disease. This has included scrutiny of observations on concentration of cholesterol and the S f 10-20 bodies of Gofman, on cholesterol-phospholipid ratios and on the distribution of cholesterol between the lipoproteins of plasma. It has been shown that in mammals which never develop spontaneous atherosclerosis the values of all the criteria of concentration and distribution of lipids differ from those of man. Among human beings only the infant at birth has plasma which in its lipid composition closely resembles that of immune mammals. In young women the deviation is less than in other human adults. In groups of patients that display the greatest tendency to the development of atherosclerosis, the plasma lipid patterns differ most widely from those of other mammals. Among survivors of myocardial infarction many but not all display striking abnormalities in every one of the criteria of lipid concentration and distribution. Comparison of the different methods indicates that in survivors of infarction the distribution of cholesterol between the lipoproteins is more constantly disturbed than the other chemical factors. No test however deviates with sufficient constancy to permit its use in the clinical diagnosis either of the presence of atherosclerosis or of a tendency to its development. It has been shown that the lipid patterns in man are not immutable but can be manipulated to a considerable degree. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that the administration of estrogen can convert the highly pathologic patterns of survivors of myocardial infarction to normal adult human values, and that the use of methyl testosterone exaggerates the chemical pathology of myocardial infarction and may even produce deviant patterns in those who have been previously normal. Although the observations which have been reviewed offer strong evidence that predisposition to atherosclerosis is related to deviations in the lipid composition of the blood, they do not establish the chemical hypothesis of pathogenesis. Although at present they lead to no practical applications in therapy, they are regarded as worthy of further investigation with a justifiable hope that greater knowledge may offer new clues to prevention and control.
TCT-782 Single-center experience using three different second generation devices for transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Lenard Conradi, Moritz Seiffert, Johannes Schirmer, Renate Schnabel, Dietmar Koschyk, Stefan Blankenberg, Hermann Reichenspurner, Patrick Diemert, Hendrik Treede
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Day-Care Center
Authors: Robert F. Pass, Anna M. August, Meyer Dworsky, David W. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN North America and Western Europe, up to 50 per cent of the population escapes cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during childhood and adolescence, whereas in some primitive cultures infection rates approach 100 per cent in early childhood.1 2 3 4 In industrialized nations, persons from lower socioeconomic backgrounds acquire CMV earlier in life.4 , 5 In populations in which breast-feeding is common and a high proportion of mothers are seropositive, human milk is an important source of CMV for infants less than one year of age.6 The specific practices that affect the frequency of CMV infections in young children after the first year of life have . . .
WHO advocates investment in global infrastructure for outbreaks such as smallpox
Authors: C. E Roth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—In their editorial describing the interim smallpox guidelines for the United Kingdom Harling et al ask how countries lacking the public health infrastructure to respond to outbreaks and without vaccine supplies would be able to control an outbreak of smallpox.1

Confronted with the threat of intentional release of biological agents, the World Health Organization advocates dual use investment in public health infrastructure to strengthen outbreak intelligence and verification, support the response to an …
In search of a good death: Health professionals' beliefs may undermine effective pain relief for dying patients
Authors: M. Cuttini
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Murray et al include pain relief for dying people among the essential health interventions that should be accessible for all, in developing countries.1 Even developed countries, however, have different pain relief policies.

In Italy, where medicinal morphine consumption for 2000 ranked among the lowest in Europe,2 a …
The Advertising War.
Authors: David Cerna
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Chicago, March 6,1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I write simply to indorse in their<i>entirety</i>the contents of Dr. Solomon Solis-Cohen's letter published in the issue of Jan. 20, 1894, of theJournal, with reference to<i>nostrum</i>advertising. Unlike " Constancy," I see<i>nothing</i>undignified about Dr. Cohen's letter. It is precisely the attitude of " Constancy," that is, one of timidity as to the statement of the bare truth, that is threatening the overthrow of medical ethics. There is no doubt that a lukewarm consideration of the subject makes the enemies of medical ethics still bolder. My individual opinion on the matter at issue has already been expressed elsewhere, and now I only desire to be placed on record as indorsing every sentence of Dr. Cohen's letter. Very truly yours,
Macrolide-Resistant Group A Streptococcus — Now in the United States
Authors: Pentti Huovinen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Too often antibiotics, remarkable therapies that can cure deadly and disabling infections, are used to satisfy patients' needs rather than out of clinical necessity. This practice translates into the excessive use of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections everywhere in the world, including the United States.1 Group A streptococcus is a common bacterial pathogen that causes tonsillitis and skin infections, such as erysipelas and impetigo, as well as serious, life-threatening septic infections and suppurative and nonsuppurative complications. The macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin, are usually effective against these streptococci and are commonly used in the treatment . . .
The Treatment of Pyoderma in Children
Authors: Nancy B. Esterly
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Three therapeutic agents were compared in the treatment of 209 children with superficial pyoderma. Patients were given benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G intramuscularly, gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin) topically, or an ointment containing a mixture of antibiotics (Neosporin) topically. In the initial skin culture, 27.2% of the patients had β-hemolytic streptococci, 37.3% had staphylococci, and 35.3% had both organisms present. At one week follow-up, penicillin treatment resulted in a complete bacteriologic cure of patients with streptococci alone, or streptococci and staphylococci combined. Neosporin ointment was less effective than penicillin and gentamicin was the least effective of the three. Staphylococcal pyoderma responded equally well to all three preparations. Despite the absence of glomerulonephritis, we suggest that streptococcal pyoderma be treated with systemic antibiotic therapy to avoid the complication of renal disease.
Teaching of Medical Ethics
Authors: Lowell Brown
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To  Editor.—  The article by Mark Siegler, MD, A Legacy of Osler: Teaching Clinical Ethics at  Bedside (239:951, 1978), held a certain fascination for me. It was, however, its uncomfortable, irritative effect rather than pleasure that kept me going.  I wondered why this should annoy me. Ethics, a concept or concepts of right behavior toward my fellow man, should not make unpleasant reading.  Suddenly in  small hours this persistent annoyance awakened me, and I had my answer: nowhere in this or writings like it do I find  simple word kindness. Osler, certainly one of  kindest of men, is referred  frequently in this article, but mainly in  context of bedside teaching.  There are phrases in  article such as cognitive skills of medical humanism, profound ethical dilemma, to participate actively in  total educational experience, the health care team, and, of course, that modern
The Clinical Importance of the Urinary Excretion of Aquaporin-2
Authors: N.V.A.M. Knoers, C.H. van Os
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

j ity of effective treatments for PMLS is an important ad vance.In contrast to the situation a decade ago, there are now treatments for PMS that have stood the test o f rigorous trials and that enable us to reduce the consid erable suffering of women with this disorder.Although we have not identified the source of the "sensitivity" de scribed by von Feuchtersleben, at least we are finally rediscovering the fact that it exists.
Perinatal Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kwang Ho Pyun, Hans D. Ochs, Max T.W. Dufford, Ralph J. Wedgwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

INFANTS born to mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for exposure to HIV in utero, during delivery, and after birth in breast milk or through other close contact.1 2 3 4 The diagnosis of HIV infection in the offspring of an infected mother may be difficult. Mothers infected with HIV produce IgG antibodies; these are transferred to the fetus transplacentally, and cord blood is thus positive for antibody when tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot techniques. Because of their physiologically depressed immune response, newborns generally produce a less vigorous and more limited antibody response to . . .
246 CXCL9 AMONG OTHER CHEMOKINES DERIVE FROM PORTAL BLOOD AND CORRELATE WITH THE OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: J. Trebicka, M.L. Berres, S. Asmacher, A. Krag, C.P. Strassburg, C. Trautwein, T. Sauerbruch, H. Wasmuth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles and anergy are separate and complementary processes that influence peripheral B cell fate
Authors: Jason G. Cyster, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (1995)

Anergic self-reactive B cells competing within a polyclonal B cell repertoire fail to migrate into primary follicles and die after 1-3 days residence in T cell zones. Transfer of anergic HEL-specific B cells to recipients lacking HEL autoantigen and continuous bromodeoxyuridine labeling in mixed bone marrow chimeras confirms that follicular exclusion and cell death in 1-3 days is not an intrinsic characteristic of anergic cells but results from competition with B cells bearing other specificities together with continued binding of autoantigen. When naive (nontolerant) HEL-specific B cells were transferred into mice expressing HEL autoantigen, they were also excluded from follicles and their lifespan was dramatically shortened, although they became activated to express CD86 (B7-2/B70). In the presence of helper T cells, activated B cells but not anergic B cells were rescued from death and formed large extrafollicular foci to autoantibody-secreting cells. Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles is therefore an independent process from anergy that prevents self-reactive B cells from recirculating in the long-lived repertoire and may foster interactions with T cells during immune responses. By contrast, anergy prevents self-reactive B cells from collaborating with helper T cells and secreting autoantibody while trapped in the T zone.
VAMP-8 segregates mast cell–preformed mediator exocytosis from cytokine trafficking pathways
Authors: Neeraj Tiwari, Cheng-Chun Wang, Cristiana Brochetta, Gou Ke, Francesca Vita, Zeng Qi, Juan Rivera, Maria Rosa Soranzo, Giuliano Zabucchi, Wanjin Hong, Ulrich Blank
Journal: Blood (2008)
The HBV Drug Entecavir — Effects on HIV-1 Replication and Resistance
Authors: Moira A. McMahon, Benjamin L. Jilek, Timothy P. Brennan, Lin Shen, Yan Zhou, Megan Wind-Rotolo, Sifei Xing, Shridhar Bhat, Braden Hale, Robert Hegarty, Curtis R. Chong, Jun O. Liu, Robert F. Siliciano, Chloe L. Thio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Entecavir, a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, is not believed to inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at clinically relevant doses. We observed that entecavir led to a consistent 1-log(10) decrease in HIV-1 RNA in three persons with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection, and we obtained supportive in vitro evidence that entecavir is a potent partial inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. Detailed analysis showed that in one of these patients, entecavir monotherapy led to an accumulation of HIV-1 variants with the lamivudine-resistant mutation, M184V. In vitro experiments showed that M184V confers resistance to entecavir. Until more is known about HIV-1-resistance patterns and their selection by entecavir, caution is needed with the use of entecavir in persons with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection who are not receiving fully suppressive antiretroviral regimens.
Vaccination with the recombinant allergen ProDer p 1 complexed with the cationic lipid DiC14-amidine prevents allergic responses to house dust mite
Authors: Alain Jacquet, Jean-François Vanderschrick, Michel Vandenbranden, Abdelatif Elouahabi, Mauro Magi, Lida Garcia, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The present study evaluated the prophylactic potential of ProDer p 1, the recombinant precursor form of the major mite allergen Der p 1, combined with the cationic lipid diC14-amidine in a murine model of house dust mite allergy. Naive mice vaccinated with the amidine/allergen complex developed a Th1-biased immune response characterized by the absence of specific IgE, the production of specific IgG2a, and the presence of IFN-gamma in splenocyte cultures. In contrast, ProDer p 1 adjuvanted with alum induced typical strictly Th2-biased allergic responses with strong IgG1 and IgE titers and IL-5 secretion. Removal of negatively charged sialic acids in ProDer p 1 or increasing the ionic strength reduced the binding of ProDer p 1 to the cationic liposomes and resulted in a decrease of the allergen immunogenicity, suggesting that complexation is required for triggering an optimal immune response. Finally, prophylactic vaccination with ProDer p 1-diC14-amidine reduced drastically the production of specific IgE and airway eosinophilia following subsequent immunization with Der p 1-alum and challenge with aerosolized house dust mite extracts. In conclusion, recombinant ProDer p 1 complexed with diC14-amidine could represent an efficient prophylactic vaccine against house dust mite allergy.
GP leader warns of hundreds of practice closures
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hundreds of general practice surgeries in the United Kingdom risk closing within the next year unless urgent action is taken to bolster the current workforce, the chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners has warned.

In a speech to more than 2000 GPs and health professionals at the college’s annual conference in Liverpool, Maureen Baker said that many practices were unable to replace doctors who were retiring or leaving the profession, leaving them at risk of closure. Ahead of …
Dilemmas exist in withdrawing ventilation from dying children
Authors: M. Hatherill, S. M Tibby, K. Sykes, I. A Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—We agree with Jonathan Gillis about the guidelines of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health on withholding or withdrawing life saving treatment in children. 1 2 There is little doubt about the need for such a document. Modern treatment has made it possible to prolong life beyond the point where continued treatment is physiologically futile and the benefits of living might be …
Role of Activation of Protein Kinase C in the Infarct SizeLimiting Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning Through Activation of Ecto-5′-nucleotidase
Authors: Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Tetsuo Minamino, Kazuo Komamura, Hiroharu Funaya, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Mitsuaki Chujo, Hidezo Mori, Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We have reported previously that ischemic preconditioning limits infarct size by increasing ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity. Since we have also reported that protein kinase C activation increases ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity in rat cardiomyocytes, we tested whether activation of protein kinase C during ischemic preconditioning contributes to the infarct size–limiting effect through augmentation of ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity in the canine heart. Methods and Results The coronary artery was occluded four times for 5 minutes with alternating 5-minute periods of reperfusion (ischemic preconditioning). Then the coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size, normalized by the risk area, in the ischemic preconditioning group was smaller than in the control group (42.6±3.6% in the control group versus 7.9±1.8% in the ischemic preconditioning group, P &lt;.001). Myocardial ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity was increased after the ischemic preconditioning procedure but the increase in ecto-5′-nucleotidase was attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase C (polymyxin B and GF109203X). Both polymyxin B and GF109203X blunted the infarct size–limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (infarct size 33.1±6.9% and 35.1±6.4%, respectively). The infarct size–limiting effect was also blunted by an inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Transient administration of methoxamine mimicked the increase in ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity and the infarct size–limiting effect, both of which were abolished by inhibitors of protein kinase C. Conclusions We conclude that activation of ecto-5′-nucleotidase and protein kinase C contributes to the infarct size–limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning.
703 MITOCHONDRIAL ISOENZYME OF CREATINE KINASE IS A NOVEL SERUM PREDICTIVE MARKER FOR HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS
Authors: K. Enooku, Y. Soroida, R. Ohkawa, H. Nakagawa, R. Tateishi, R. Masuzaki, Y. Yatomi, H. Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Belgium model of coupling reimbursement of ART costs to restriction in number of embryos transferred
Authors: D. De Neubourg, K. Peeraer, S. Debrock, T. D'Hooghe
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Multiple pregnancy rates after treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) remain high (20.2% in Europe; 26.9% worldwide) and are associated with major societal costs (usually reimbursed and paid for by public health funds).1 2 They represent the most important side effect of ART treatment (usually not reimbursed and provided in private practice). In view of the Human …
Response to Comment on O’Connor et al. Randomized Trial of Telephone Outreach to Improve Medication Adherence and Metabolic Control in Adults With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:3317–3324
Authors: Patrick J. O’Connor, Julie A. Schmittdiel, Ram D. Pathak, Ronald I. Harris, Katherine M. Newton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Blackberry et al. (1) on our article (2) and the insights they provide based on their efforts to improve medication adherence and timely treatment intensification in adults with diabetes (3). Although our study (2) and the study of Blackberry et al. (3) failed to improve medication adherence rates, another recent report by Derose et al. (4) showed that an automated telephone call from a computer to patients …
Keloid and Dupuytren's contracture
Authors: J. Calnan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

April 23 is St. George's day, so the organizers of this symposium very commendably decided to sort out that particular medical dragon called 'fibrosis'.But why lump keloid and Dupuytren into one paper?The reason will become all too obviousignorance.It is a curious paradox in medicine that we take longer to tell the things we do not know than those that we do.I would like to present both conditions and discuss the main points under four headings.I FIG. 1 Dupuytren in 60-year-old farmer.Left hand treated by local excision one year previously: now general flexion of digits 3, 4, 5 ofright hand with tethering ofskin in palm
Reactions of hemoglobin with phenylhydrazine: a review of selected aspects.
Authors: M D Shetlar, H A Hill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

It is well known that phenylhydrazine induces hemolytic anemia. This is thought to result from the reaction of phenylhydrazine with hemoglobin. The accompanying oxidation of phenylhydrazine leads to the formation of a number of products, including benzene, nitrogen, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and the phenyl radical. The products formed depend critically on the conditions of the experiment, especially the amount of oxygen present. It is now known that oxyhemoglobin and myoglobin react with phenylhydrazine to yield a derivative of hemoglobin containing N-phenylprotoporphyrin in which the heme group is modified. The recent identification of sigma-phenyliron(III) porphyrins in phenylhydrazine-modified metmyoglobin has aided elucidation of the mechanism of hemoglobin modification. Mechanistic schemes are proposed to account for product formation.
Closure of dehisced operative sites without wound freshening results in acceptable rates of repeat dehiscence and infection
Authors: H. Justiniano, D.B. Eisen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Closure of dehisced operative sites without wound freshening results in acceptable rates of repeat dehiscence and infection Get access H. Justiniano, H. Justiniano Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.B. Eisen D.B. Eisen Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, U.S.A. Correspondence: D.B. Eisen. E‐mail: dbeisen@ucdavis.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 4, 1 October 2009, Pages 953–958, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09387.x Published: 01 October 2009
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: William D. Fiorini
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Too often in medicine those challenges requiring the most careful consideration occur when the fog of sleep deprivation and overwork clouds the very sense and sensibility demanded for a proper response. No other reasonable excuse can be offered to explain the fumbling, misguided motive for the homicide recounted in It's Over, Debbie. 1 Unconvincingly portrayed as a kindness, the act is patently an impulsive stab of frustration.  The house officer who could so accurately calculate the lethality of a morphine overdose could easily concoct a comforting therapeutic dose of narcotic, supplemented by a turn holding hands at the bedside.  Tales of such suffering are as old as humankind. It was for guidance in just these hardest of times that our physician forebearers honored and handed down the Hippocratic injunctions against death dealing.  I ponder the prospect that in my final struggle a similar white-coated figure will cast