tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ohio Emergency Physician Begins Year at JAMA as Tenth Fishbein Fellow in Medical Journalism
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

SEVEN WEEKS from today, Carin Olson, MD, becomes JAMA 's tenth Morris Fishbein Fellow in Medical Journalism. The 36-year-old emergency medicine physician says that, among other things, she expects the fellowship to provide opportunity for a little reflection at this stage of her life and career.  The year-long fellowship honors Morris Fishbein, MD, editor of JAMA from 1924 to 1949, who died 12 years ago at the age of 87 years ( JAMA 1976;236: 820-1822). The first physician-recipient, Jeffrey R. M. Kunz, MD, was named in 1977 ( JAMA 1977;238:464). Those who have been selected as fellows since then are Sean (John) P. Callan, MD; Alan M. Blum, MD; William Golden, MD; Carlotta M. Rinke, MD; Bruce B. Dan, MD; Helene M. Cole, MD; Donald E. Riesenberg, MD; and Jody Zylke, MD.  Carin Olson, who will be the Fishbein Fellow from July 1 through June 30 of next year, was born in
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON YELLOW FEVER IN NORTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: HIDEYO NOGUCHI
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Yellow fever is known to have existed in Brazil<sup>1</sup>from the beginning of commercial development of the country until it was practically eradicated by the vigorous antimosquito campaigns of Oswaldo Cruz, Ribas and Lacerda. In certain limited areas, in the states of Ceará, Bahia and Pernambuco, the disease was still present during 1922 and 1923. While there was no reason to regard the yellow fever of Brazil as different from that occurring elsewhere, the micro-organism isolated from cases of yellow fever in Ecuador,<sup>2</sup>Peru,<sup>3</sup>and Mexico<sup>4</sup>had not been experimentally demonstrated as the cause of Brazilian yellow fever. Hence, an investigation into the etiologic relation of<i>Leptospira icteroides</i>to cases occurring in Brazil was undertaken by a joint commission of Brazilian and American workers, the latter having received an invitation from Dr. Carlos Chagas, director of the Departamento Nacional de Saúde Publica, to make an expedition
Screening for Hematuria
Authors: Perry A. Lambird
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The conclusion by Woolhandler et al that urine screening for hematuria and proteinuria is inappropriate is not justified.<sup>1</sup>The opposite conclusion can be drawn from the data. Considering only hematuria from population-based studies (Table 1 in the article by Woolhandler et al<sup>1</sup>), the following cost table may be constructed. Estimates are derived from our local health and liability carrier experience. Screening costs Screening 123172 individuals × $3 = $369 516 Workups 1222 × $500 = $611 000 Complications of workups: Operations—1222 × 0.2% × $10 000 = $24 440 Renal failure—1222 × 0.15% × 10 000 = $18 330 Deaths (malpractice settlement)— 1222 × 0.002% × $1 000 000 = $24 400 Total = $1047 726 Malpractice costs of failure to screen (significant disease present but failure to diagnose) 1222 × 1.5% (documented rate) × $400 000 (average failure to diagnose settlement) = $7 332 000 1222 × 0.5% (estimated occurrence rate) × $400
Botulinum toxin may help blepharospasm sufferers
Authors: Helene Cole
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Local injection of a potent poison—<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>toxin—may bring relief to sufferers of benign essential blepharospasm (<i>Arch Ophthal</i>1985;103:347-350). This disorder, which tends to afflict persons of middle years and beyond, is characterized by an involuntary spasm of (usually) both obicularis oculi muscles, resulting in uncontrollable eyelid closure and functional blindness. Botulinum toxin, which acts by blocking the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic nerve terminal, causes paralysis of the overactive facial muscles, allowing the eyes to remain open. Alan B. Scott, MD, associate director, Smith-Kettlewell Institute of Visual Sciences, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, told the Research to Prevent Blindness seminar of results of a collaborative study, supported in part by the National Eye Institute, of 442 patients afflicted with this disorder. Beneficial effect of the botulinum toxin therapy has been reported in over 90% of the patients. A preparation of the toxin (.001μg/mL) is injected at
THE METABOLISM OF CHYLOMICRA. I. THE REMOVAL OF PALMITIC ACID-1-C14 LABELED CHYLOMICRA FROM DOG PLASMA
Authors: Richard J. Havel, Donald S. Fredrickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

It is now generally accepted that the intestinal lymphatics constitute the exclusive pathway for the absorption of long chain fatty acids, whether ingested unesterified or as glycerides. These fatty acids appear in the thoracic duct lymph as chylomicra. The subsequent fate of the absorbed fat has been explored very little, and the role of plasma lipoproteins in chylomicron transport and the sites of removal of the absorbed fat remain unknown. Approximately 95 per cent of long chain fatty acids appear in the lymph as triglycerides and 5 per cent as phospholipids (1). Bergstrom, Borgstrom, and Rottenberg (2) fed labeled stearic acid and tristearin to fasting rats. Over a period of 3 to 4 hours, approximately 1 mg. per minute of fatty acids was delivered to and removed from the total plasma, which contained only about 5 mg. of preformed triglycerides. The maximum specific activities of plasma triglyceride fatty acids were only 4 and 15 per cent of the specific activities of the fed stearic acid and tristearin, respectively. The authors suggested that the absorbed triglycerides were not mixing appreciably with the existing plasma triglycerides. Their data did not exclude the possibility that the plasma triglycerides were exchanging rapidly with a large triglyceride pool.
US health spending is expected to rebound with recovering economy
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

US health spending will likely rebound as the economy recovers, ending a period in which spending growth had dropped to historical lows, a new report says.1

From 2009 to 2012 US health spending grew just 3.9% a year, the slowest since the government began tracking healthcare spending in 1960.

However, most of the slowing, three quarters of it, was due to the recession and not to cost saving changes in the healthcare delivery system, the report concluded.

The report was based on a statistical analysis conducted by researchers at the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Center …
Treatment of Pre-eclampsia or Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Authors: D. N. Menzies
Journal: BMJ (1964)

accident-prone at the time when they have already been inoculated with tetanus.Only the future will show how adequate antibiotics are as a prophylactic against tetanus.Active immunization of the whole population remains the ideal prophylaxis.In spite of the great difficulties of such a cam- paign this ought to be considered if surgical excision and antibiotics do not substantially reduce the incidence of tetanus.-Weare, etc.,
Permanent Pacemaker Selection and Subsequent Survival in Elderly Medicare Pacemaker Recipients
Authors: Gervasio A. Lamas, Chris L. Pashos, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Barbara McNeil
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Dual-chamber pacemakers have been in use for more than 15 years. Although they may confer a physiological advantage over single-chamber ventricular pacemakers, they are more expensive and have a generally shorter service life than single-chamber devices. We carried out the present study to identify patient subgroups who were preferentially receiving greater or lesser proportions of dual-chamber devices and to determine whether the selection of different types of pacemakers was associated with differences in mortality. Methods and Results We analyzed a 20% random national sample of all Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who underwent initial placement of a permanent pacemaker and were discharged in 1988, 1989, or 1990 (n=36 312). The minimum follow-up for vital status was 1 year. The relation of pacemaker type to patient and provider characteristics was determined using logistic regression analysis. The relation between pacemaker type and mortality was determined using the Cox proportional hazards method. The proportion of dual-chamber systems that were received increased from 27.2% in 1988 to 37.0% in 1990 ( P &lt;.001). Dual-chamber pacemaker recipients were younger ( P &lt;.001) than ventricular pacemaker recipients. Other independent correlates of dual-chamber pacemaker selection included male sex (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, 1.18 and 1.12 to 1.24, respectively), atrioventricular block (1.59 and 1.51 to 1.67), congestive heart failure (1.14 and 1.08 to 1.20), atrial fibrillation (0.36 and 0.34 to 0.39), and the presence of a major noncardiac diagnosis (0.86 and 0.83 to 0.89). Nonmedical predictors of dual-chamber pacemaker selection included Medicaid eligibility (0.78 and 0.71 to 0.86), implantation in the western United States (1.19 and 1.10 to 1.29), implantation by a rural provider (0.70 and 0.65 to 0.76), hospitalization in a 500-bed-or-larger hospital (1.20 and 1.13 to 1.28), hospitalization in a private hospital (1.19 and 1.10 to 1.28), or hospitalization in a hospital with a catheterization laboratory (1.47 and 1.38 to 1.56). Dual-chamber pacemaker selection was an independent predictor of survival at 1 year (0.82 and 0.77 to 0.87) and at 2 years (0.82 and 0.77 to 0.87) after controlling for potentially confounding patient-level and hospital-level characteristics. Conclusions The present study describes important variations in the clinical practice of cardiac pacing, many of which are not based on clinical characteristics. Furthermore, the selection of a dual-chamber pacemaker is associated with increased survival. These results underscore the need for prospective, outcome-based clinical trials of pacemaker mode selection.
Unilateral Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Hassan Amjad
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PULMONARY edema can manifest itself in chronic obstructive lung disease with an atypical pattern.<sup>1</sup>The classic appearance of pulmonary edema as "bat wing" on chest roentgenogram can occur regardless of the underlying disease. Unilateral pulmonary edema is rare and at times it may present problems in differential diagnosis such as aspiration pneumonitis or an inflammatory process. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 68-year-old white man was admitted to William Beaumont Hospital with increasing shortness of breath. Since the patient had been 17 years of age, he was known to be asthmatic. He also had a long history of schizophrenia. Tedral was given (a mixture of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride, and pentobarbital), one tablet three times a day, prednisone, 5 mg/day, and chlorpromazine, 200 mg/day. The patient was also known in the past to adjust medications at his own discretion. On the day of admission, he had wheezing and slight shortness of
Local immune response and bronchial reactivity in rats after capsaicin treatment
Authors: G. Nilsson, K. Alving, J. M. Lundberg, S. Ahlstedt
Journal: Allergy (1991)

The interaction between the nervous system, immune system and bronchial reactivity was studied in rat by using the neurotoxin capsaicin. Rats were treated with capsaicin at 1‐2 days of age or at adult age, before or after sensitization by subcutaneous injections with ovalbumin (OA). The levels of the neuropeptides neurokinin A and calcitonin gene‐related peptide were decreased in the lung after capsaicin treatment, as determined with radioimmunoassay, whereas the levels of neuropeptide Y were unaffected. The levels of IgA, IgE and IgG in bronchial lavage were also affected by capsaicin treatment; however, the results were heterogeneous. Capsaicin treatment after sensitization reduced the bronchial reactivity to challenge with OA aerosol and serotonin iv. The results demonstrated that reduction of neuropeptide levels with capsaicin affected both bronchial reactivity and the levels of antibodies in bronchial lavage fluid. However, no correlation between these two parameters was seen, demonstrating the complexity of the system.
Clinical and MRI Correlates of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Martin Bax, Clare Tydeman, Olof Flodmark
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have been reported for specific clinical cerebral palsy (CP) subgroups or lesion types but not in a large population of children with all CP subtypes. Further information about the causes of CP could help identify preventive strategies.To investigate the correlates of CP in a population sample and compare clinical findings with information available from MRI brain studies.Cross-sectional, population-based investigative study conducted in 8 European study centers (North West London and North East London, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; Lisbon, Portugal; Dublin, Ireland; Stockholm, Sweden; Tübingen, Germany; and Helsinki, Finland).Five hundred eighty-five children with CP were identified who had been born between 1996 and 1999; 431 children were clinically assessed and 351 had a brain MRI scan.Standardized clinical examination results, parental questionnaire responses, MRI results, and obstetric, genetic, and metabolic data from medical records.Important findings include the high rate of infections reported by mothers during pregnancy (n = 158 [39.5%]). In addition, 235 children (54%) were born at term while 47 children (10.9%) were very preterm (<28 weeks). A high rate of twins was found, with 51 children (12%) known to be from a multiple pregnancy. Clinically, 26.2% of children had hemiplegia, 34.4% had diplegia, 18.6% had quadriplegia, 14.4% had dyskinesia, 3.9% had ataxia, and 2.6% had other types of CP. Brain MRI scans showed that white-matter damage of immaturity, including periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), was the most common finding (42.5%), followed by basal ganglia lesions (12.8%), cortical/subcortical lesions (9.4%), malformations (9.1%), focal infarcts (7.4%), and miscellaneous lesions (7.1%). Only 11.7% of these children had normal MRI findings. There were good correlations between the MRI and clinical findings.These MRI findings suggest that obstetric mishaps might have occurred in a small proportion of children with CP. A systematic approach to identifying and treating maternal infections needs to be developed. Multiple pregnancies should be monitored closely, and the causes of infant stroke need to be investigated further so preventive strategies can be formulated. All children with CP should have an MRI scan to provide information on the timing and extent of the lesion.
MyoD and the regulation of myogenesis by helix-loop-helix proteins.
Authors: S J Tapscott, H Weintraub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The MyoD protein is sufficient to orchestrate the coordinated expression of most, if not all, ofthe skeletal myogenic program in cell types derived from all three germ layers of the embryo.As such the regulation ofMyoD expression and protein activity creates a nodal point, or master switch, that integrates the ge- netic and environmental influences on a cell.The expression and activity ofthe MyoD protein is regulated, in part, by inter- action with members of a large family of proteins related to MyoD by sequence homology, the helix-loop-helix (HLH)' proteins.This review will focus on the regulation of skeletal myogenesis by MyoD and related myogenic HLH proteins.
Clinical studies of spontaneous interval variation
Authors: T KENNER, K P PFEIFFER, A SEED
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Clinical studies of spontaneous interval variation Get access T KENNER, T KENNER From the Physiology Institute, University of Graz, Austria; and Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K P PFEIFFER, K P PFEIFFER From the Physiology Institute, University of Graz, Austria; and Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A SEED A SEED From the Physiology Institute, University of Graz, Austria; and Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 595, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.595 Published: 01 August 1988
Abstract 3093: Elucidation of c-KIT- dependent signaling to MITF
Authors: Bengt Phung, Jianmin Sun, Alexander Schepsky, Eirikur Steingrimsson, Lars Rönnstrand
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MITF, the master regulator of melanocytes, is a basic basic- helix- loop-helix- leucine zipper transcription factor that is essential for the development of melanocytes. MITF is also a lineage- survival oncogene in melanoma and recently, it has been shown that germline mutations in MITF predispose to this malignant disease. In melanoma, MITF has been proposed to act as a rheostat where high levels of MITF contribute to a proliferative phenotype whereas low levels result in a more invasive phenotype. The biological output generated by high or low levels of MITF is well characterized. However, how the activity of MITF is regulated to mediate these effects is less well known. It has been proposed that MITF is phosphorylated upon ligand induced activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c- KIT. C-KIT engages the MAP kinase signaling cascade where ERK2 directly phosphorylates Ser73 of MITF and P90RSK phosphorylates the Ser409 residue of MITF. As a consequence, MITF activity increases and the protein is subjected to ubiquitin dependent degradation.Here, we show for the first time that c-KIT induces phosphorylation of MITF through the survival PI3 kinase- AKT pathway, the P38 stress pathway as well as the well-known MAP kinase-ERK signaling pathway. In addition, we show that the SRC kinase upstream of ERK is essential for c-KIT induced MITF activation. Moreover, we used several c-KIT phosphorylation site mutants to map the specific sites that are involved in the mediating transcription activation potential of MITF. These mutants also show less effects on MITF-mediated proliferation.We have generated phosphorylation specific antibodies against Ser73 and Ser409 of MITF and characterized the phosphorylation pattern of MITF using these reagents. Our results suggest that there is a particular relationship between Ser73 and Ser409 with subsequent effects on function. Based on our findings, we propose that phosphorylation of MITF might act as negative feedback mechanism that keeps MITF activity in check. Our model challenges the current knowledge of MITF modulation and provides insights that may have a profound impact on our understanding of the role of MITF in melanocyte and melanoma biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3093. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3093
Consider acute hepatitis C, syphilis, and HIV in MSM with hepatitis
Authors: M. J. Fisher, D. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Although Pratsides and colleagues correctly identified drug induced hepatitis as the cause of the clinical hepatitis in their case report, readers should be aware of three other differential diagnoses in men who have sex with men (MSM) who present with acute transaminitis.1

Firstly, there is an ongoing epidemic of acute hepatitis C in these men in the UK (particularly Brighton and London) and other parts of the developed world.2 This may not be detected by routine serology during the acute phase because antibody seroconversion can take weeks to months,3 so polymerase chain reaction for hepatitis C would be recommended in this scenario.

Secondly, international outbreaks of syphilis have been reported in MSM, including in the UK.4 Syphilis, particularly in the secondary stage, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in MSM who have abnormal liver function tests.

Thirdly, a test for HIV infection should have been recommended. Although HIV itself rarely produces abnormal liver function tests, it is more common in people with other causes of abnormal liver function (including hepatitis C and syphilis). Furthermore, current guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and British HIV Association recommend that all MSM attending healthcare services should be offered HIV testing.5
Acid phosphatase in leukemic blasts: Characterization by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel
Authors: Lawrence Kass, Donald Munster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Using the high resolution technique of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, isoenzymatic components of acid phosphatase were detected in cell‐free extracts prepared from different cytologic types of leukemic blasts in adults. Results indicate that for different cytologic types, different characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme could be detected. These studies extend conventional cytochemistry and indicate that characteristic patterns of acid phosphatase isoenzyme can be detected for various cytologic types of acute leukemia.
Linear immunoglobulin-A bullous dermatosis complicating multi-organ tuberculosis at early-stage treatment
Authors: C. Morice, G. Monsel, M. Lafaurie, M. Battistella, J.R. Manciet, M. Bagot, A. Petit, M. Viguier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Linear immunoglobulin‐A bullous dermatosis complicating multi‐organ tuberculosis at early‐stage treatment Get access C. Morice, C. Morice Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Monsel, G. Monsel Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Lafaurie, M. Lafaurie Department of Infectious Diseases Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Battistella, M. Battistella Department of Pathology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. Manciet, J.R. Manciet Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Bagot, M. Bagot Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Petit, A. Petit Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Viguier M. Viguier Department of Dermatology Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Paris VII 1 avenue Claude‐Vellefaux 75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Correspondence: Manuelle Viguier. E‐mail: manuelle.viguier@sls.aphp.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 1, 1 July 2013, Pages 210–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12286 Published: 01 July 2013