tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B lymphocytes can regulate the maturation and function of human dendritic cells but are partially inefficient in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ahsen Morva, Sébastien Lemoine, Achouak Achour, Alain Saraux, Jacques-Olivier Pers, Pierre Youinou, Christophe Jamin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Backgroundand objectives</h3> Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are stimulators of T cell immune response, whereas immature DCs support T cell tolerance. Murine B cells can inhibit the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) by DCs, and thereby, hinder the inflammatory response. Notwithstanding the importance of this modulation, only a few studies are available in humans. The current study was aimed at determining the regulatory capacity of human B cells on DC maturation and function, and at evaluating their efficiency in autoimmune disorder. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Peripheral blood B cells from six healthy donors (HDs) and six systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were stimulated by CD40 and TLR9. Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into immature DCs and then into mature DCs. Activated B cells were co-cultured with DCs and HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 expressions and IL-12 production by the DCs evaluated by flow cytometry. Variations of expressions were used to determine the B cell regulatory effects on maturation. CFSE-labelled T cells were cultured with mature DCs and the DC-dependent proliferative response evaluated in the presence of activated B cells to determine their influence on the function of DCs. <h3>Results</h3> Activated B cells restrained the development of monocytes into immature DCs and their differentiation into mature DCs. They decreased the density of HLA-DR from mature DCs, the expression of CD80 and CD86 co-activation molecules, the production of IL-12p70 required for antigen presentation and Th1 differentiation. They also inhibited the DC-induced T cell proliferation. These modulations were mediated by CD19+IgDlowCD38+CD24lowCD27- B cells and needed CD62L interaction for the control of CD80 and CD86 expression, and a soluble factor for the control of IL-12 production. Finally, mature DCs from SLE patients displayed insensitivity to the regulation of IL-12 by both normal and SLE B cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Human B cells can regulate DC maturation and function. However, they are inefficient in SLE due to refractory DCs. This may influence an improper balance between an effector inflammatory response triggered by mature DCs, and tolerance induction favoured by immature DCs, and thereby, may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.
Emerging and Reemerging Global Microbial Threats
Authors: Margaret A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Ingenuity, knowledge, and organization alter but cannot cancel humanity's vulnerability to invasion by parasitic forms of life. Infectious disease which antedated the emergence of humankind will last as long as humanity itself, and will surely remain, as it has been hitherto, one of the fundamental parameters and determinants of human history. William H. McNeil,<i>Plagues and</i>Peoples, 1976<sup>1</sup> Four years ago, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases reported that infectious diseases accounted for 25% of all physician visits in the United States.<sup>2</sup>Yet according to a 1992 Institute of Medicine report on emerging infections,<sup>3</sup>the public was relatively unaware of the growing threats to human health posed by microbial diseases, and even medical professionals underestimated the dangers to public health. The report concluded that a "small minority, mainly infectious disease specialists, have for years warned of the potential for serious epidemics and our lack of
Predictive value of 60-minute ST segment resolution in electrocardiogram after lytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the GUSTO V-RESTART study
Authors: Fernando A. Cura, Marco Roffi, Narcis Pasca, Katherine E. Wolski, Eric J. Topol, Michael S. Lauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Glioblastomas Induce T-Lymphocyte Death by Two Distinct Pathways Involving Gangliosides and CD70
Authors: Ali Chahlavi, Patricia Rayman, Amy L. Richmond, Kaushik Biswas, Renliang Zhang, Michael Vogelbaum, Charles Tannenbaum, Gene Barnett, James H. Finke
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Here we report that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mediates immunosuppression by promoting T-cell death via tumor-associated CD70 and gangliosides that act through receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways, respectively. GBM lines cocultured with T cells induced lymphocyte death. The GBM lines were characterized for their expression of CD70, Fas ligand (FasL), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the possible participation of those molecules in T-cell killing was assessed by doing GBM/T cell cocultures in the presence of anti-CD70 antibodies, Fas fusion proteins, or anti-TNF-α antibodies. CD70 but not TNF-α or FasL is responsible for initiating T-cell death via the receptor-dependent pathway. Of the four GBM cell lines that induced T-cell death, three highly expressed CD70. Two nonapoptogenic GBM lines (CCF3 and U138), on the other hand, had only minimally detectable CD70 expression. Blocking experiments with the anti-CD70 antibody confirmed that elevated CD70 levels were involved in the apoptogenicity of the three GBM lines expressing that molecule. Gangliosides were found to participate in the induction of T-cell apoptosis, because the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor (PPPP) significantly reduced the abilities of all four apoptogenic lines to kill the lymphocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy revealed that GM2, GM2-like gangliosides, and GD1a were synthesized in abundance by all four apoptogenic GBM lines but not by the two GBMs lacking activity. Furthermore, gangliosides isolated from GBM lines as well as HPLC fractions containing GM2 and GD1a were directly apoptogenic for T cells. Our results indicate that CD70 and gangliosides are both products synthesized by GBMs that may be key mediators of T-cell apoptosis and likely contribute to the T-cell dysfunction observed within the tumor microenvironment.
SUCCESSFUL RISK STRATIFICATION USING A COMBINATION OF LV FIBROSIS AND NUMBER OF MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF VENTRICULAR PREMATURE BEATS IN SUBJECTS WITH NON-ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Nobusada Funabashi, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Masae Uehara, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Strong in Body and Spirit
Authors: Susan S. Gilliland, Stanley P. Azen, Georgia E. Perez, Janette S. Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effects of a culturally appropriate diabetes lifestyle intervention for Native Americans on risk factors for complications of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A nonrandomized, community-based diabetes intervention trial was conducted in three Native American sites in New Mexico from 1993–1997. Participants were assigned to intervention or control based on community of residence. Intervention sessions were held ∼6 weeks apart over ∼10 months. The intervention was delivered in site A in family and friends (FF) groups (n = 32); site B received the same intervention in one-on-one (OO) appointments (n = 39); and site C received usual medical care (UC) (n = 33) (total participants, n = 104). Primary change in HbA1c level was assessed at 1 year. RESULTS—Adjusted mean change in HbA1c value varied significantly across the three arms at 1 year (P = 0.05). The UC arm showed a statistically significant increase in adjusted mean HbA1c change (1.2%, P = 0.001), whereas both intervention arms showed a small nonsignificant (P &amp;gt; 0.05) increase in the adjusted mean change (0.5% and 0.2% for FF and OO arms, respectively). The increase was statistically significantly smaller in the combined intervention arms (0.4%) compared with the UC arm (1.2%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS—Lifestyle intervention has the potential to substantially reduce microvascular complications, mortality, and health care utilization and costs if the change is sustained over time.
Effects of ritanserin, a selective and specific S2-serotonergic antagonist, on portal pressure and splanchnic hemodynamics in rats with long-term bile duct ligation
Authors: Mercedes Fernández, Pilar Pizcueta, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Faust Feu, Isabel Cirera, Jaime Bosch, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

This study investigated the short-term effects of ritanserin, a selective and specific S2-serotonergic antagonist, in an experimental model of cirrhosis and intrahepatic portal hypertension caused by long-term bile duct ligation and division and in normal control rats. The rats subjected to bile duct ligation were randomized under blind conditions into two groups to receive ritanserin (0.7 mg/kg body wt, intravenously; n = 10) or the same volume of placebo (isotonic saline solution; n = 10). We performed hemodynamic studies with radiolabeled microspheres 60 min after drug administration. Two groups of normal rats (n = 6) were studied after they received ritanserin or placebo. Ritanserin administration to rats subjected to bile duct ligation significantly reduced portal pressure (from 16.2 ± 1.3 mm Hg to 12.3 ± 0.7 mm Hg; mean decrease, 22% ± 5%; p < 0.05). This reduction was associated with lower portal venous resistance (4.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg ± min. 100 gm/ml in the placebo group vs. 3.1 ± 0.3 mm Hg. min. 100 gm/ml in rats given ritanserin; mean decrease, 28%; p = 0.069), but we saw no changes in portal vein inflow (3.9 ± 0.5 ml/min ± 100 gm vs. 4.4 ± 0.4 ml/min ± 100 gm), mean arterial pressure (110 ± 9 mm Hg vs. 102 ± 9 mm Hg) and cardiac index (32.9 ± 2.7 ml/min ± 100 gm vs. 40.5 ± 6.7 ml/min ± 100 gm). Hepatic arterial and kidney blood flows were not modified by ritanserin. Ritanserin had no systemic or splanchnic effects in normal rats. Our results demonstrate that ritanserin infusion decreases portal pressure without any systemic hemodynamic change in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension. These findings provide further support for a role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and suggest a potential use of ritanserin (alone or associated with other agents) in the pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:389–393).
Does increased red blood cell deformability raise the risk for osteonecrosis in sickle cell anemia?
Authors: Nathalie Lemonne, Yann Lamarre, Marc Romana, Martin Mukisi-Mukaza, Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources, Vanessa Tarer, Danielle Mougenel, Xavier Waltz, Benoît Tressières, Marie-Laure Lalanne-Mistrih, Maryse Etienne-Julan, Philippe Connes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Rapid Estimation of Plasma Carbon Dioxide Tension from pH and Total Carbon Dioxide Content
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Howard L. Bleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

PLASMA carbon dioxide tension (pCO2), the most useful index of the respiratory component of an acid–base disorder, is frequently unavailable to the clinician. Although it can be measured directly or calculated from blood pH and plasma total carbon dioxide content, the measurement is technically difficult, and the calculation requires the use of logarithms to solve a complex expression derived from the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: where ∝ = 0.0301 milliequiv. per liter per millimeter of mercury, and pK = 6.10.In an effort to circumvent these difficulties, Singer and Hastings1 introduced an acid–base nomogram that has been widely used in . . .
Venturesome Toothpick
Authors: Donald B. Bloch
Journal: JAMA (1984)

IN MOST instances, following their accidental ingestion, toothpicks, like other foreign bodies, may pass through the gastrointestinal tract without inducing injury.<sup>1</sup>In the minority of cases, toothpicks may perforate the bowel wall and produce local or widespread peritonitis and abscess formation.<sup>1,2</sup>The site of perforation is usually in the ileum, appendix, or colon.<sup>1</sup>Occasionally, hepatic abscess may result from metastatic spread of infection via the portal vein.<sup>3</sup>In a few cases, perforation has occurred in the wall of the stomach or duodenum, and the toothpick has then perforated the inferior vena cava<sup>2</sup>or migrated to the liver and induced a pyogenic abscess.<sup>4</sup>This report concerns an additional (third?<sup>5</sup>) example of the latter event in which appropriate diagnosis was complicated by findings suggestive of an acquired immunodeficiency. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old white male barber was admitted to Stanford (Calif) University Hospital for
319. ColoAd1, a Chimeric Ad11p/Ad3 Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Colon Cancer
Authors: Irene Kuhn, Paul Harden, Maxine Bauzon, Terry Hermiston
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Oncolytic human adenoviruses are envisioned as novel, replication-based treatments for human malignancies but have shown limited clinical efficacy to date as monotherapies. Consequently, the generation of more potent agents is needed. Efforts to create more potent Ads have traditionally been directed towards altering selected viral properties (e.g. efficiency of cell lysis, infectivity, viral DNA replication) or through adding therapeutic genes that complement the lytic function of viruses (armed therapeutic viruses).
What happens when elderly people die?
Authors: K. Kafetz
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Death, previously a taboo subject, is now a topic of ordinary conversation: not long ago, a person was shown on British television in the actual dying process. There is a widespread view that death can be managed, and that an ‘undignified’ death signifies deficient care. This is erroneous. In 1963, when Hinton1 looked at deaths in general wards, he found widespread distress. Thirty-four years later the SUPPORT study in the USA yielded very similar findings2: despite great advances in palliative care in the intervening period, many dying patients were still troubled by pain and other symptoms. Death and bereavement are linked, and a perception that care has been deficient can disturb bereavement reactions. This article questions some current assumptions, with particular reference to dying in old age.
“Colour science” and the autonomy of colour
Authors: Alan Costall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

At the close of their searching critique, Saunders &amp; van Brakel raise, but do not address, the question: “Whither colour research?” There are two distinct traditions of colour research, one based on disembodied coloured lights and another on surface colour. The coherence and integrity of both these traditions are challenged by the nonautonomy of colour.
False Elevation in Serum Creatinine Levels
Authors: D. Herrington, G. L. Drusano, U. Smalls, H. C. Standiford
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Flucytosine causes a falsely elevated serum creatinine measurement when an analytic method using creatinine iminohydrolase is employed.<sup>1</sup>This enzymatic assay is being introduced into many hospital laboratories, replacing systems with which flucytosine did not interfere. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 53-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis and cryptococcal meningitis was receiving therapy with amphotericin B (0.3 mg/kg/day) and flucytosine (150 mg/kg/day). His serum creatinine level, which was 1.0 mg/dL prior to drug therapy, rose to 3.2 mg/dL on the fourth day of therapy. The dosing regimen was altered because of the possibility of amphotericin-related renal dysfunction and the consequent possibility of bone marrow toxic reaction from flucytosine. Serum creatinine values then fluctuated on a daily basis, with a high of 6.3 mg/dL, a low of 1.1 mg/dL, and a mean of 3.5 mg/dL. It was discovered that creatininemeasurements were being determined on a Kodak Ektachem 400
Respiratory allergy to rats: exposure-response relationships in laboratory animal workers.
Authors: A Hollander, D Heederik, G Doekes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Laboratory animal workers are at high risk of developing occupational allergy. Little is known about the relationship between levels of exposure and the risk of developing laboratory animal allergy. A cross-sectional study was performed in 540 workers at eight facilities to quantify the exposure-response relationship for allergy to rats, while controlling for determinants like atopy, gender, and smoking. All participants completed a questionnaire, underwent skin prick testing with common and occupational allergens, and total IgE as well as occupational allergen-specific IgE antibodies were serologically measured. Personal air dust samples were taken during full-shift periods to estimate the rat urinary aeroallergen exposure levels. In the whole study population no clear exposure-response relationship was observed. However, in the group of workers with less than 4 yr of working experience with laboratory animals the prevalence rate of sensitization to rat allergens was clearly associated with exposure levels. The exposure-response relationship was steepest for workers with atopy-associated risk factors, i.e., self-reported allergy or sensitization to cats or dogs, or elevated total serum IgE. The prevalence rates of sensitization to rat allergens for these workers were about 15, 9.5, and 7.3 times higher in the high, medium, and low exposure group, respectively, compared with internal reference group.
Investigating Erythropoietin Resistance
Authors: Mark J. Koury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The kidney is the principal source of erythropoietin, and renal failure represents a state of erythropoietin deficiency; patients with chronic renal failure have low plasma concentrations of erythropoietin relative to the severity of their anemia1. Recombinant human erythropoietin is an effective treatment for anemia in these patients,2,3 and it has few adverse effects. The chief exception is hypertension, which is readily controlled with antihypertensive medication. The paucity of adverse effects has two explanations. First, as a recombinant human molecule, erythropoietin does not elicit allergic responses. Second, erythroid progenitor cells appear to be the only target of the hormone. . . .
Treatment of hay fever with sodium cromoglycate, hyposensitization, or a combination
Authors: N. H. Andersen, F. Jeppesen, T. Schiøler, O. ØSterballe
Journal: Allergy (1987)

In 77 consecutive patients with grass pollen rhinitis as the only allergic disease, treatment with sodium cromoglycate (SCG) nasal spray, hyposensitization with aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extract of grass pollen as perennial treatment, and a combination of the two was compared. Specific serum‐IgE, IgG and IgG 4 were determined in patients who participated in three consecutive seasons. Significant immune response was found in the hyposensitization group, but not in the group treated with SCG. No correlation between the immunoglobulin responses and the individual symptom and/or medicine scores was found. Symptom and medicine scores were analysed in the 3 weeks with the highest pollen counts each year during 4 consecutive years. Higher scores were found in the group treated with sodium cromoglycate compared with the other two groups, but the difference was only significant for eye and total symptoms in the first season. None of the groups, however, suffered from more than mild to moderate symptoms even in the weeks with peak pollen counts. A significantly larger decrease in the wheals of the skin prick test was shown during hyposensitization than during treatment with SCG. No difference was found in the frequency of patients who became symptom‐free or developed pollen asthma.
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO SULFATHIAZOLE
Authors: Merritt H. Stiles
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  In their tabulation of the toxic manifestations of sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole (The Journal, September 6, p. 850) Wein and Lieberthal state that symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract other than nausea and vomiting have not been reported following the administration of sulfathiazole. I should like to correct this statement by calling attention to a report published in thePennsylvania Medical Journalin April 1941 (Hypersensitivity to Small Doses of Sulfathiazole). In 1 of the 4 cases reported the administration of moderate quantities of sulfathiazole was followed by active nausea, vomiting, fever and diarrhea. At a later date the same symptoms developed following the administration of a single tablet of the drug. Since the publication of this report I have encountered another case in which, as recently as two weeks previously, sulfathiazole had been given without causing a disturbance but in which nausea, vomiting and diarrhea developed in
Doctors' incomes in Australia spark row
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A controversial study showing that some specialist doctors received more than $A700 000 (pounds sterling 280 000) a year from the public Medicare system has sparked a big row between doctors and the federal government. Senator Graham Richardson, the health minister, told parliament that some of the nation's surgeons were “greedy” and “exploited” their patients by charging excessive fees. He warned that any increases in the health budget would not be used to prop up the incomes of specialist doctors. “The great majority of doctors - more than two thirds - choose not to exploit their market power, but one third does. A minority of them exploit their position and do so shamelessly,” he said.

The Australian Medical Association (AMA) accused the senator of indulging in the “politics of envy.” The …
ROENTGEN CARCINOMA AND SARCOMA OF MAN WITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Frederick W. Mulsow
Journal: JAMA (1931)

It is well known that repeated roentgen injuries of man may be followed by carcinoma. It has been stated by Cole 1 that more than 100 cases of roentgen carcinoma have been reported. Rowntree 2 was unable to produce carcinoma experimentally in animals with the x-rays. It is by observing malignant tumors following roentgen injuries of man that one has the best of experimentally produced tumors. For this reason all such cases occurring in man should be recorded.  There are few reports of sarcoma following roentgen injuries, although sarcoma has been produced experimentally by the x-rays. 3 Most of the cases of sarcoma following roentgen injuries have been found associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as lupus, tuberculosis or carcinoma, which had been treated by the x-rays. Since sarcoma is known to follow chronic inflammation at times, it is difficult to determine whether the x-rays or the chronic inflammation is
Serious birth defects kill at least three million children a year
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An estimated 3.3 million children under the age of 5 die each year from serious birth defects, a worldwide report says. But more effective interventions and the use of medical genetic services, especially in poorer countries, could reduce mortality and disability by up to 70%.

“Health policymakers have not been aware of the immense global toll of birth defects, including the true extent of death and disability,” concludes the Global Report on Birth Defects. 

The study examined birth defects in 193 countries and estimated that overall 7.9 million children are born with a serious …