tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: J. F. JENKINS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

As soon as a diagnosis of typhoid fever is made, or even in a suspicious case, it is better to place the patient in a recumbent posture, and to keep him in that position throughout the whole course of the disease. Positive orders must be given to the nurse to change the position of the patient from side to side, or from the back to the side, every two or three hours. One should examine the heart and lungs, as well as the abdomen, from day to day, as long as the patient is under observation, and he should not assume the erect position at any time during the continuation of the fever, either for the purpose of taking nourishment or drink; and, however obstinate the patient may be, one should insist on his using the bed-pan on all occasions when it is necessary. It is a well-known fact that
Increased Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression or Treatment with Manganese Porphyrin Potentiates Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Melba C. Jaramillo, Jennifer B. Frye, James D. Crapo, Margaret M. Briehl, Margaret E. Tome
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis is exploited for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Innate and acquired resistance limits treatment efficacy; however, resistance mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, using WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells, we found that increasing the resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by catalase transfection or selection for H(2)O(2) resistance caused glucocorticoid resistance. This suggests the possibility that increasing H(2)O(2) sensitivity could sensitize the cells to glucocorticoids. In other cell types, increasing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) can increase intracellular H(2)O(2). The current study showed that increased expression of MnSOD sensitized WEHI7.2 cells to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and H(2)O(2). Treatment of WEHI7.2 cells with the catalytic antioxidant Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP(5+)), a manganoporphyrin, mimicked the effects of increased MnSOD expression. MnTE-2-PyP(5+) also sensitized WEHI7.2 cells to cyclophosphamide and inhibited cell growth; it had no effect on the WEHI7.2 cell response to doxorubicin or vincristine. In primary follicular lymphoma cells, MnTE-2-PyP(5+) increased cell death due to dexamethasone. Treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with MnTE-2-PyP(5+) inhibited doxorubicin cytotoxicity. The profile of MnTE-2-PyP(5+) effects suggests MnTE-2-PyP(5+) has potential for use in hematologic malignancies that are treated with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin.
THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF OXYGEN IN CORONARY THROMBOSIS
Authors: ROBERT L. LEVY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Sudden thrombotic closure of a coronary branch, with the resultant abrupt interference with the blood supply of the heart, induces an initial state of shock. The degree of functional disturbance that follows depends, in a measure, on the caliber and location of the occluded vessel, as well as on the distribution and anastomoses of the coronary system in the affected individual. If the resulting area of myocardial infarction is large, signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure may ensue. The cardiac action becomes weak, rapid and often irregular. A gallop rhythm may be audible. The blood pressure falls sharply and remains at a relatively low level. Cyanosis appears, and moist râles are heard at the bases of the lungs. Respiration is accelerated and difficult. The picture is one of acute oxygen want due to myocardial insufficiency.  If the heart is not too severely injured and can maintain an adequate circulation
Editorial on epidemiology of HIV in China was misleading
Authors: T. Hesketh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Zhang and Ma's editorial paints a somewhat misleading and incomplete picture of the epidemiology of HIV in China.1

Firstly, the numbers of HIV infections need to be seen in terms of percentages. Even if the highest current estimate of 1 million infections nationwide is used, this converts to an overall rate of around 0.07%. The male: female ratio is 4:1 and unlike almost any other country most of the people affected (80%) are residents of rural areas. At present four provinces (out of 31) account for 77% of …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Anabolic Deficiency in Men With Chronic Heart Failure: Prevalence and Detrimental Impact on Survival”
Authors: Ewa A. Jankowska, Bartosz Biel, Jacek Majda, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski, Monika Lopuszanska, Alicja Szklarska, Stefan D. Anker, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Marek Medras
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency in cystic fibrosis compared with sinusitis and bronchiectasis.
Authors: J Rutland, P J Cole
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Nasal ciliary function and mucociliary clearance were studied in patients with cystic fibrosis and in three control groups. Ciliary beat frequency and nasal clearance time were measured in groups of 10 subjects with cystic fibrosis, sinusitis and bronchiectasis and age and sex-matched control subjects. Ciliary beat frequency was also measured in normal subjects matched as bronchiectasis controls. Cystic fibrosis patients and their controls, patients with sinusitis, and the bronchiectasis controls did not differ in ciliary beat frequency, but it was slower in the patients with bronchiectasis (p less than 0.05). Nasal mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis was slower than in the cystic fibrosis controls (p less than 0.001) and in patients with sinusitis (p less than 0.01). The finding of a normal beat frequency in cystic fibrosis cilia studied in vitro together with abnormal nasal mucociliary clearance measured in vivo in the same patients suggests the existence of an abnormality of mucus in vivo. The innate function of cystic fibrosis cilia, as measured in vitro by beat frequency, is normal.
Exercise acutely increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells
Authors: Jalees Rehman, Jingling Li, Lakshmi Parvathaneni, Gudjon Karlsson, Vipul R. Panchal, Constance J. Temm, Jo Mahenthiran, Keith L. March
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
842-4 Deranged steroid metabolism independently predicts anemia in chronic heart failure
Authors: Darlington O Okonko, Martino Crosato, Paul R Kalra, Mariantonietta Cicoira, Wolfram Steinborn, Wolfram Doehner, Phillip A Poole-Wilson, Andrew J Coats, Stefan D Anker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Related to the Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Gene
Authors: Philippe Charron, Olivier Dubourg, Michel Desnos, Mohammed Bennaceur, Lucie Carrier, Anne-Claude Camproux, Richard Isnard, Albert Hagege, Jean Marc Langlard, Gisele Bonne, Pascale Richard, Bernard Hainque, Jean-Brieuc Bouhour, Ketty Schwartz, Michel Komajda
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Little information is available on phenotype-genotype correlations in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that are related to the cardiac myosin binding protein C ( MYBPC3 ) gene. The aim of this study was to perform this type of analysis. Methods and Results —We studied 76 genetically affected subjects from nine families with seven recently identified mutations (SASint20, SDSint7, SDSint23, branch point int23, Glu542Gln, a deletion in exon 25, and a duplication/deletion in exon 33) in the MYBPC3 gene. Detailed clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed. An intergene analysis was performed by comparing the MYBPC3 group to seven mutations in the β-myosin heavy-chain gene (β -MHC ) group (n=52). There was no significant phenotypic difference among the different mutations in the MYBPC3 gene. However, in the MYBPC3 group compared with the β -MHC group, (1) prognosis was significantly better ( P &lt;0.0001), and no deaths occurred before the age of 40 years; (2) the age at onset of symptoms was delayed (41±19 versus 35±17 years, P &lt;0.002); and (3) before 30 years of age, the phenotype was particularly mild because penetrance was low (41% versus 62%), maximal wall thicknesses lower (12±4 versus 16±7 mm, P &lt;0.03), and abnormal T waves less frequent (9% versus 45%, P &lt;0.02). Conclusions —These results are consistent with specific clinical features related to the MYBPC3 gene: onset of the disease appears delayed and the prognosis is better than that associated with the β -MHC gene. These findings could be particularly important for the purpose of clinical management and genetic counseling in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
North-south divide in social inequalities in Great Britain: Health inequalities in Wirral: a living Black report?
Authors: Anthony G Cummins
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Having read the paper by Doran et al on the north-south divide in social class inequalities in health in Great Britain, I am prompted to write about our local health divide.1 Wirral, across the Mersey from Liverpool, is demographically divided by the M53 motorway into two: a healthy, educated west sector and a …
GPs' college issues guidance on hepatitis A and B vaccination
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Injecting drug users should be vaccinated against hepatitis A, and all users of illegal drugs should be vaccinated against hepatitis B, the Royal College of General Practitioners recommended this week. The vaccinations should be carried out without waiting for prevaccination tests for hepatitis A or B.

One of the authors of the five page guidelines document, Dr David Young, clinical director of the drug and alcohol clinical management unit at Cheshire and Wirral Partnership Trust, emphasised that the guidance was for the whole of …
Successful Treatment of the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome by Exchange Blood Transfusion and Hemodialysis.
Authors: K. Chakko Kuruvila
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Successful Treatment of the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome by Exchange Blood Transfusion and Hemodialysis.K. Chakko Kuruvila, M.D., Kathryn L. Popowniak, M.D., Satoru Nakamoto, M.D.K. Chakko Kuruvila, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kathryn L. Popowniak, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Satoru Nakamoto, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-804_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome were treated by exchange transfusions and hemodialysis, with a dramatic improvement in the clinical picture, reversal of the hematological and neurological abnormalities, and a return of renal function to normal.The children, aged 3 and 2½ years, respectively, presented with similar clinical features. The initial symptoms were diarrhea and vomiting, followed by oliguria progressing to anuria, gastrointestinal and cutaneous hemorrhage, convulsions, stupor, and coma.The laboratory findings in the two patients were (respectively): hemoglobin, 8.3 and 8.6 g/100 ml; reticulocyte count, 4.4 and 7.5%; platelet count, 30,000 and 50,000 mm3; and blood urea nitrogen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: K. Chakko Kuruvila, M.D.; Kathryn L. Popowniak, M.D.; Satoru Nakamoto, M.D.Affiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 804-804KeywordsChildrenDiarrheaHematology and oncologyHemoglobinHemolytic-uremic syndromeHemorrhagePlateletsResearch laboratoriesReticulocytesVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Alveolar carcinoma: a review.
Authors: C W Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1984)

ST2 selectively and stably expressed on the surface of T-helper 2 (Th2) but not Th-1 cells is a ligand for recently identified Interleukin-33 (IL-33). We have studied the susceptibility to and severity of the two T cell mediated inflammatory process: multiple low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes and Con-A induced hepatitis, in ST2 deficient (ST2-/-) and “wild-type: BALB/C mice. After diabetes induction (40mg STZ/kg b.w. for 5 days) ST2-/- mice developed glycemia and glycosuria. β cell loss and intra-islet mononuclear infiltrates while “wild type” mice did not develop any biochemical signs and histology revealed only peri-insulitis. When injected with Con-A (12 mg/kg b.w) ST2-/- mice developed significantly enhanced hepatitis as evaluated by liver function test 8 and 24 hours after induction and quantitative analysis of the hepatocytes necrosis. Analysis of cellular make up of the pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreata (in diabetes) and liver infiltrating cells (in ConA induced hepatitis) and their cytokines content by FACS analysis and cytokine expression by RT-PCR revealed the enhanced infiltration of Th-1 and Th-17 cells and higher content and expression of proinflammatory cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF. We therefore concluded that attenuation of IL-33-ST2 axis facilitates the induction of Th-1/Th-17 mediated inflammatory autoimmunity.
Diagnosis and management of dengue
Authors: M. G. Teixeira, M. L Barreto
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points 

Dengue has been reported in almost 70 countries, with about five million cases reported between 2000 and 2007 (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).1 In 2002, at the peak of the current pandemic, over 1.2 million cases were reported worldwide. Until the end of the 1980s South East Asia and the Western Pacific region were the regions most affected by dengue. In recent years, however, the incidence of dengue has increased in the Central and South America region, which now accounts for 70% of all cases reported worldwide. Mortality from dengue has varied greatly across countries, but the World Health Organization estimates that about 22 000 deaths are associated with dengue every year.1 2 Despite efforts to control the main vector (the mosquito Aedes aegypti ), the incidence of the disease has not shown any tendency to decrease. 



Presence of dengue worldwide and areas infested by the main vector, Aedes aegypti 





Number of cases and notifying countries affected, 1955-2005 



Dengue is predominantly a childhood disease in South East Asia but an adult disease in most North and South American countries.3 4 However, since 2007, Brazil (the country responsible for more than 70% of cases of dengue in the Americas) has experienced an unexpected increase in the incidence of the disease in people aged under 15 years.4 5

This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of dengue …
Loss of the xeroderma pigmentosum group B protein binding site impairs p210 BCR/ABL1 leukemogenic activity
Authors: N L Pannucci, D Li, S Sahay, E K Thomas, R Chen, I Tala, T Hu, B T Ciccarelli, N J Megjugorac, H C Adams III, P L Rodriguez, E R Fitzpatrick, D Lagunoff, D A Williams, I P Whitehead
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Previous studies have demonstrated that p210 BCR/ABL1 interacts directly with the xeroderma pigmentosum group B (XPB) protein, and that XPB is phosphorylated on tyrosine in cells that express p210 BCR/ABL1. In the current study, we have constructed a p210 BCR/ABL1 mutant that can no longer bind to XPB. The mutant has normal kinase activity and interacts with GRB2, but can no longer phosphorylate XPB. Loss of XPB binding is associated with reduced expression of c-MYC and reduced transforming potential in ex-vivo clonogenicity assays, but does not affect nucleotide excision repair in lymphoid or myeloid cells. When examined in a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model for chronic myelogenous leukemia, mice that express the mutant exhibit attenuated myeloproliferation and lymphoproliferation when compared with mice that express unmodified p210 BCR/ABL1. Thus, the mutant-transplanted mice show predominantly neutrophilic expansion and altered progenitor expansion, and have significantly extended lifespans. This was confirmed in a BMT model for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, wherein the majority of the mutant-transplanted mice remain disease free. These results suggest that the interaction between p210 BCR/ABL1 and XPB can contribute to disease progression by influencing the lineage commitment of lymphoid and myeloid progenitors.
Serum bilirubin: a prognostic factor in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: J M Shapiro, H Smith, F Schaffner
Journal: Gut (1979)

We followed up 55 patients with proven primary biliary cirrhosis for several years or until death. A graph of the level of serum bilirubin versus time that was constructed for each patient shows an initial period of variable length in which the serum bilirubin level remained constant. This was followed by a period of rapid rise in serum bilirubin which culminated in the patient's death. Whenever two successive serum bilirubin values taken six months apart exceeded 34 mumol/l (2.0 mg/dl) the patient had entered a late phase of disease and lived an average of 49 months. Ninety-five per cent confidence limits on survival time were 32-74 months. If two successive six month bilirubin values exceeded 102 mumol/l (6.0 mg/dl), calculated survival time was 25 months, and if two successive six month bilirubin values exceeded 170 mumol/l (10.0 mg/dl), survival time was 17 months. Fifteen of the 41 living patients had two consecutive serum bilirubin levels greater than 34 mumol/l (2.0 mg/dl). However, the slope of the rising bilirubin in the living patients is only 35 mumol/l/yr (1.5 mg/dl/yr) compared with 42 mumol/l/yr (2.5 mg/dl/yr) in the dead patients. This means that patients with this disease not may be living considerably longer.
Drug Spotlight Program: Guidelines for Heparin Therapy
Authors: EDWARD GENTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Thrombosis frequently complicates the course of patients, regardless of their primary disease, making it necessary that physicians, whatever their subspecialty discipline, understand the proper use of antithrombotic agents. More than 50 years after its discovery, heparin is still an extremely effective drug for the management of thrombosis. Properly given, it rapidly and reliably arrests thrombosis and prevents embolization, especially on the venous side of the circulation. Its administration, as with other drugs, requires an understanding of its pharmacology, so that the dosage, route of administration, and monitoring of effects are properly controlled. Many of the "failures" with heparin occur because the physician is uninformed about one or more of these factors. These errors can be avoided by adhering to simple management guidelines.
The need to consider underlying mechanisms: A response from dissonance
Authors: Isabelle Peretz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Current research on emotional responses to dissonance has yielded consistent data in both developmental psychology and neuroscience. What seems to be lacking is a definition of what might constitute dissonance in non-musical domains. Thus, contrary to Juslin &amp; Västfjäll's (J&amp;V) proposal for the need to distinguish between six broad mechanisms, I argue that future research should rather focus on perceptual determinants of each basic emotion.
The Growth and Development of Medical Group Practice
Authors: S. David Pomrinse
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE CHANGES which have occurred in the practice of medicine have been especially apparent since World War II. Because of the rapidly expanding fund of medical knowledge, patients have required increasingly highly specialized care. At the same time, the need for an integrated, holistic approach to the care of the individual patient has been widely recognized. One of the developments aimed at the solution of this problem has been the attempt to structure the skills of individual physicians, representing several fields of medicine, into a single organizational unit which can provide the integrated care needed. One expression of this effort is the highly structured medical staff of hospitals. Another, emphasizing ambulatory care, is medical group practice. This paper examines the development of group practice since 1946. The first exploration of the field of group practice was done by the Bureau of Medical Economics of the AMA in 1933<sup>1</sup>followed
Effects of Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor (ECF) Receptor Antibodies and an Anti-EGF Receptor Recombinant-Ricin A Chain Immunoconjugate on Growth of Human Cells
Authors: R. Taetle, J. M. Honeysett, L.L. Houston
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The effects of antiepidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 528 and 225 a 528-ricin Aj Conjugate on the growth of normal and malignant human cells were tested in vitro. Malignant human cell lines with EGF receptor numbers ranging from 0 to 4×105 receptors/cess, human fetal fibroblasts, and normal marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-gm) showed no effect when grown with 10−12 M to 10-7 M MAb 225 or 528. MAbs 225 and 528 asnd EGF also had no effect on the ability of marrow stromal cells to maintain CFU-gm viabiligy in long-term marrow cultures.k Reversible growth inhibition of A431 e pidermoid and MDA-468 breast carcinoma cells with 2 and 3×106 EGF receptors/cell, respectively, was observed with both antibodies and with 10−8 M EGF. Ub contrast, an immunoconjugate prepared with MAb 528 and recombinant ricin A chain (528-rRa) showed dose-dependent killing over a concentration range of 10−12 M to 10−8 M against cells with g=1.2×105 EGF receptorsicell [concentration that causes 50% inhibition of growth (IC50) values, ≈10−12 M to 10−10M]. Human fetal fibroblasts (5.6×104 EGF receptors/cell), melanoma cells without detectable EGF receptors, and human CFU −gm showed IC50 values of <10−8 M. Killing of KB epidermoid carcinoma cells and 547 ovarian carcinoma cells with 4 and 1.2×105 EGF receptors/cell by 10−10 or 10−11 M 528-rRA was time dependent, but cytotoxicity to 547 cells was not complete even with 48 hours pf o, immunotoxin treatment, Cytotuxicity of 528-rRA was not enhanced by chloroquine or verapannil. In vitro, anti-EGF receptor MAbs cause reversible antiproliferative effects only against malignant cell lines with amplified EGF receptar expression. In contrast, 528-rRA shows potent, specific toxicity to cells with greater than 50,000 EGF receptors/cell. However, kinetins of cell killing with 528-rRA are protracted, suggesting that prolonged exposure may be reaquired for in vivo antitunmor effects. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1053–1059]
A point source outbreak of chronic diarrhea in Texas: no known exposure to raw milk
Authors: D. L. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Osterholm et al 1 report in this issue of JAMA an outbreak of chronic diarrhea that was attributed to the consumption of raw milk. Although they report that several additional outbreaks have been associated with raw milk, we observed an apparent point source outbreak of chronic diarrhea in Texas in which an association with raw milk was not found.  Study.—  The Texas outbreak was identified early in 1985 when one of us (L.J.H.) identified several patients with frequent, urgent diarrhea that had lasted several months. In cooperation with the Texas Department of Health, an investigation was performed using the following case definition: an individual who averaged more than three unformed bowel movements per day for at least one month, had no known pathogen isolated from the gastrointestinal tract, and had no known etiology for the condition.  A written request was made