tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants of hepatic function in liver cirrhosis in the rat. Multivariate analysis.
Authors: J Reichen, B Egger, N Ohara, T B Zeltner, T Zysset, A Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We investigated the determinants of hepatic clearance functions in a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by phenobarbital/CCl4. Aminopyrine N-demethylation (ABT), galactose elimination (GBT), and serum bile acids (SBA) were determined in vivo. The livers were then characterized hemodynamically: intrahepatic shunting (IHS) was determined by microspheres and sinusoidal capillarization by measuring the extravascular albumin space (EVA) by a multiple indicator dilution technique. The intrinsic clearance was determined by assaying the activity of the rate-limiting enzymes in vitro. Hepatocellular volume (HCV) was measured by morphometry. ABT and SBA, but not GBT, differentiated cirrhotic from normal liver. IHS ranged from normal to 10%; all cirrhotic livers showed evidence of sinusoidal capillarization (reduced EVA). The cirrhotic livers showed a bimodal distribution of HCV, HCV being decreased in 50% of the cirrhotic livers. Multivariate analysis showed EVA and portal flow to be the main determinants of microsomal (ABT) and cytosolic (GBT) clearance function; SBA, by contrast, were determined solely by IHS. We conclude that sinusoidal capillarization is the main determinant of hepatic clearance, while serum bile acids reflect intrahepatic shunting. These findings emphasize the importance of alterations of hepatic nutritional flow to explain reduced clearance function in cirrhosis of the liver.
Soda tax would have greatest effect on childhood obesity, US study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A penny-an-ounce tax on sweetened beverages would have a bigger effect on childhood obesity in the United States than would after-school physical activity programs or a ban on fast food advertising directed at children, a new study has claimed.

A tax would also be easier to implement than the other programs and would raise a substantial amount of revenue that could be used to fund other anti-obesity initiatives, the researchers wrote in a paper published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine .1

Alyson H Kristensen, lead author and a senior research scientist at the Partnership for Prevention—a non-partisan organization in Washington, DC that advocates prevention and health promotion policies—cited evidence that childhood obesity in the US …
Outpatient paediatric fibreoptic proctosigmoidoscopy: possible and useful.
Authors: H Nazer, J A Walker-Smith, K Davidson, C B Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Interestingly, serum creatine kinase BB measured by radioimmunoassay, was abnormal in this patient (figure).Brain-type creatine kinase BB is present in astrocytes and, at a lower concentration, in other tissues.In cases of proved macroscopic brain injury very high enzyme levels may be detected within hours.3Here, highest levels were observed after 48 hours, possibly when hypoxic cells developed structural changes due to continuing ischaemia.Previously we found transient abnormalities of creatine kinase BB and MB in marathon runners without neurological deficits.4In this instance creatine kinase MB was normal while the BB isoenzyme remained high and then fell, correlating with clinical improvement.BH is in receipt of a grant from the Medical Research Council of Ireland.
Mirtoselect, an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract, attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and associated fibrosis in ApoE∗3Leiden mice
Authors: Martine C. Morrison, Wen Liang, Petra Mulder, Lars Verschuren, Elsbet Pieterman, Karin Toet, Peter Heeringa, Peter Y. Wielinga, Teake Kooistra, Robert Kleemann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Anthocyanins may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammation and are demonstrated to have hepatoprotective properties in models of restraint-stress- and chemically-induced liver damage. However, their potential to protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) under conditions relevant for human pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of the standardised anthocyanin-rich extract Mirtoselect on diet-induced NASH in a translational model of disease.ApoE(∗)3Leiden mice were fed a Western-type cholesterol-containing diet without (HC) or with 0.1% (w/w) Mirtoselect (HCM) for 20weeks to study the effects on diet-induced NASH.Mirtoselect attenuated HC-induced hepatic steatosis, as observed by decreased macro- and microvesicular hepatocellular lipid accumulation and reduced hepatic cholesteryl ester content. This anti-steatotic effect was accompanied by local anti-inflammatory effects in liver, as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory cell clusters and reduced neutrophil infiltration in HCM. On a molecular level, HC diet significantly induced hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory genes Tnf, Emr1, Ccl2, Mpo, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2 while this induction was less pronounced or significantly decreased in HCM. A similar quenching effect was observed for HC-induced pro-fibrotic genes, Acta2 and Col1a1 and this anti-fibrotic effect of Mirtoselect was confirmed histologically. Many of the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic parameters positively correlated with intrahepatic free cholesterol levels. Mirtoselect significantly reduced accumulation and crystallisation of intrahepatic free cholesterol, providing a possible mechanism for the observed hepatoprotective effects.Mirtoselect attenuates development of NASH, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis, possibly mediated by local anti-inflammatory effects associated with reduced accumulation and crystallisation of intrahepatic free cholesterol.
HLA-DR+ leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Christopher Schuster, Christine Vaculik, Christian Fiala, Simone Meindl, Oliver Brandt, Martin Imhof, Georg Stingl, Wolfgang Eppel, Adelheid Elbe-Bürger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Adequate numbers and functional maturity are needed for leukocytes to exhibit a protective role in host defense. During intrauterine life, the skin immune system has to acquire these prerequisites to protect the newborn from infection in the hostile external environment after birth. We investigated the quantitative, phenotypic, and functional development of skin leukocytes and analyzed the factors controlling their proliferation and trafficking during skin development. We show that CD45+ leukocytes are scattered in embryonic human skin and that their numbers continuously increase as the developing skin generates an environment that promotes proliferation of skin resident leukocytes as well as the influx of leukocytes from the circulation. We also found that CD45+HLA-DRhighCD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are already present in the epidermis and dermis at 9 wk estimated gestational age (EGA) and that transforming growth factor β1 production precedes Langerin and CD1a expression on CD45+CD1c+ Langerhans cell (LC) precursors. Functionally, embryonic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to phagocytose antigen, to up-regulate costimulatory molecules upon culture, and to efficiently stimulate T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Collectively, our data provide insight into skin DC biology and the mechanisms through which skin DCs presumably populate the skin during development.
Optimum Criteria for the Diagnosis of Ventricular Septal Defect from Measurements of Blood Oxygen Saturation
Authors: JOSEPH GRAYZEL, A. GREGORY JAMESON, Mary Seed, Jean B. Webster
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A combination of physical findings, x-ray films and fluoroscopy, electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, cardiac catheterization including oxygen analysis, indicator-dilution curves, and selective angiocardiography was employed to evaluate 259 consecutive patients undergoing right heart catheterization. All patients were classified on the basis of existing shunts. The present report concerns 63 patients with no shunts and 70 patients with a left-to-right shunt through a ventricular septal defect alone. A method employing oxygen analysis of right heart blood was evaluated as an isolated diagnostic technic. Blood specimens were obtained in rapid sequence during withdrawal of the catheter from the pulmonary arteries. Spectrophotometric measurements of blood oxygen saturation were appropriately grouped. The difference in means between the right ventricular outflow tract and right atrium was standardized with the estimated standard deviation and the statistical significance determined from the t -distribution. Reliability was defined as the probability of correctly excluding a shunt when none exists. Sensitivity was defined as the probability of diagnosing an existing shunt. By use of the 1-per cent level of signfiicance as critical the method employed was 98.4 per cent reliable and 97.1 per cent sensitive. Sequential sampling is of vital importance. The value of larger numbers of specimens is illustrated, and the relationship of sensitivity and reliability to the size of the shunt and the number of blood specimens analyzed is illustrated. The reliability and sensitivity of our method and criteria appear superior to previous criteria currently in use.
Functional Regulation of Normal and SLE Plasma Cells by DCC (Deleted in Colon Cancer) and its Ligand Netrin-1
Authors: P.L. Lugar, R. Slota, R.T. Fischer, D. Withers, P. Pisitkun, P.E. Lipsky, A.C. Grammer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
(2) Lymphocytic lymphoma in a patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: R. W. Davies, G.A. Hodgson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article (2) Lymphocytic lymphoma in a patient with diabetes mellitus Get access R. W. Davies, R. W. Davies Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.A. Hodgson G.A. Hodgson Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue s9, 1 July 1973, Pages 25–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03435.x Published: 01 July 1973
P757Chronic GSK-3 inhibition may be good for diabetes, but is bad for the heart
Authors: B Huisamen, B Flepisi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine-threonine kinase regulating glycogen synthesis and known as role-player in cardioprotection. Active GSK-3 is also recognized as the strongest anti-hypertrophic protein in the heart. However, myocardial GSK-3 is known to (i) regulate expression of SERCA-2a, affecting contractility; (ii) phosphorylate and inhibit IRS-1 disrupting insulin signalling and (iii) regulate growth via interaction with hypertrophic signalling pathways. Small, specific GSK-3 inhibitors are currently being developed for clinical use, treating e.g. affective disorders but are also considered as treatment for type 2 diabetes. We aimed to study the effects of chronic GSK-3 inhibition on the heart, using pre-diabetic rats (DIO). Wistar rats (obesity induced by supplementing their diet with sugar and fat for 16 weeks) were compared to age matched controls. Half of each group was treated with the GSK-3 inhibitor (CHIR118637 - 30mg/kg/day) from weeks 12 to 16 of the diet period. Glucose tolerance was established, biometric and biochemical parameters determined and protein expression ascertained in snap-frozen hearts using Western blotting and specific antibodies. Ca2+ATPase activity was determined spectrophotometrically and cardiomyocytes used to determine insulin sensitivity, cell size and localization of NFATc3 and GATA4, the latter by means of fluorescence microscopy. GSK-3 inhibition: (i) did not affect body weight or intraperitoneal fat, both of which were increased by DIO; (ii) could increase SERCA-2a expression and phospholamban phosphorylation which were both dowregulated by DIO; (iii) upregulated IRS-2, but not IRS-1 expression. IRS-1 expression was severely curtailed in DIO; (iv) positively modulated insulin signalling reflected in enhanced cardiomyocyte insulin sensitivity as measured by accumulation of [3H]2-deoxyglucose. Glucose uptake was attenuated in cells from DIO animals; (v) increased left ventricular weight and cardiomyocyte size in control animals (vi) translocated both NFATc3 and GATA4 to the nucleus in cardiomyocytes from both control and DIO animals. We conclude that chronic, specific GSK-3 inhibition improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of the heart, but showed clear signs of inducing cardiac hypertrophy, especially in normal animals.
Frequency and intensity of responses to mite patch tests are lower in nonatopic subjects with respect to patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: S. Seidenari, F. Giusti, G. Pellacani, L. Bertoni
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: So far the issue of patch tests with mite allergens in subjects not affected by atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and intensity of responses to atopy patch tests with Dermatophagoides in non‐AD subjects, and to compare them to the ones observed in AD patients. Methods: Patch tests were performed, employing a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae at two different concentrations (20 and 40% pet.), on 75 non‐AD subjects, including 33 patients with allergic rhinitis and 42 healthy volunteers, and on 210 AD patients, as controls. Results: Positive responses to 20% mite patch tests were observed in 17 non‐AD subjects (23%) and in 102 AD ones (49%). The former showed a lower intensity of the responses, with a mean score of 1.4 compared with 2.1 in atopics. Conclusions: Although positive responses to mite patch tests are also observable in subjects without AD, their frequency and intensity are significantly lower compared with AD patients.
Hemobilia Secondary to Intrahepatic Aneurysm of the Hepatic Artery
Authors: Albert F. Tetreault
Journal: JAMA (1965)

UPPER gastrointestinal hemorrhage is always serious and its source can usually be determined by preoperative study or laparotomy; yet in some cases its precise localization eludes the most intensive investigation. Recently a patient was treated for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to hemobilia arising from an intrahepatic aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Because of its rarity, unusual symptoms, variable laboratory data, and documented pathology, this case is reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 76-year-old white female was admitted to the hospital because of weakness. On the day of admission she experienced nausea, diaphoresis, and severe epigastric pain for a half hour. Six hours later she was found in a cold sweat, confused, and immobile. Three months prior to this episode, she had melena and anemia which were unexplained despite intensive study in the hospital. Her hemoglobin was 6.8 gm/100 ml; hematocrit, 22%; a serum iron, 27μ/100 ml; and a reticulocyte
Development of a Hypoxia Gene Expression Classifier with Predictive Impact for Hypoxic Modification of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kasper Toustrup, Brita Singers Sørensen, Marianne Nordsmark, Morten Busk, Carsten Wiuf, Jan Alsner, Jens Overgaard
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hypoxia, a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors, is associated with resistance to radiotherapy, reduced therapeutic response, and a poorer clinical outcome. In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), the negative effect of hypoxia on radiotherapy can be counteracted via addition of hypoxic modification to the radiotherapy. To predict which patients harbor hypoxic tumors and would therefore benefit from hypoxic modification, clinically applicable methods for pretherapeutic hypoxic evaluation and categorization are needed. In this study, we developed a hypoxia classifier based on gene expression. Through study of xenograft tumors from human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, we verified the in vivo relevance of previously identified in vitro derived hypoxia-induced genes. We then evaluated a training set of 58 hypoxia-evaluated HNSCCs to generate a gene expression classifier containing 15 genes. This 15-gene hypoxia classifier was validated in 323 patients with HNSCC randomized for hypoxic modification or placebo in combination with radiotherapy. Tumors categorized as hypoxic on the basis of the classifier were associated with a significantly poorer clinical outcome than nonhypoxic tumors. This outcome was improved and equalized to the nonhypoxic tumors by addition of hypoxic modification. Thus, findings show that the classifier attained both prognostic and predictive impact, and its pretherapeutic use may provide a method to identify those patients who will benefit from hypoxic modification of radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5923–31. ©2011 AACR.
Replantation of Severed Arms
Authors: Ronald A. Malt, Charles F. McKhann
Journal: JAMA (1964)

With the recovery of sensation and strength in two cases in which an arm was reunited with the body after complete accidental amputation, one case followed for over two years, replantation seems to be a reasonable operation for certain patients under certain circumstances. The patient must be one who would benefit more from his own arm, however imperfect, than from rapid rehabilitation with a prosthesis; his injuries must largely be limited to the arm. The hospital must be capable of providing the resources necessary to a good result without compromising the care of patients with the more usual illnesses. The surgical procedures themselves are in large measure the sum of those commonly applied to reconstruction of the individual parts, but there are some special considerations with respect to (1) preserving the limb by hypothermia until circulation is restored, (2) fixation of the bone, (3) the vascular anastomoses, and (4) management of soft-tissue injury.
Adverse Reactions to Cephalothin and Cephapirin
Authors: W. Eugene Sanders, Joseph E. Johnson, James G. Taggart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The pharmacokinetics and tolerance of cephalothin and cephapirin (a semisynthetic cephalosporin), were evaluated in 40 healthy subjects. Each of the drugs was administered to 15 subjects in increasing doses up to 2.0 g by rapid intravenous infusion four times daily. Equivalent volumes of saline solution were given to 10 control subjects. An illness resembling serum sickness developed in all 30 drug-treated subjects within two to four weeks, whereas the control subjects remained well. The illnesses seemed to result from hypersensitivity to the drugs or their degradation products and not from other chemical or infectious agents. The extraordinarily high rate of reactions was apparently due to the rate of drug infusion or the high doses employed or both. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of similar reactions among hospitalized patients who are receiving large doses of cephalosporins by the intravenous route. (N Engl J Med 290:424–429, 1974)
Dr. McLean's "Personal Observations in Pulmonary Phthisis."
Authors: Charles Denison
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Denver, Colo., Feb. 12,1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just finished reading this excellent paper in the February 5 issue of theJournaland I feel like congratulating the author on writing the best article that has appeared for some time on the<i>prevention</i>and treatment of consumption. It is<i>prevention</i>more than<i>cure</i>, because once the conditions of imperfect aeration of the lung apices and the peripheral or terminal laxity of pulmonary blood vessels exist, which constitute the<i>gist</i>of this unanswerable argument, and the preventive warfare of the individual must be constant thereafter in order that health may be maintained. We seem (only<i>seem</i>in any case) to neglect these preventive means in treating and writing of the serious and advanced lesions which predominate in the class of tubercular cases which come under observation in this sanitorium State. It gives me pleasure to endorse these measures which are
Predicting acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population
Authors: J. G. Hansen, H. Schmidt, J. Rosborg, E. Lund
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the diagnostic value of symptoms, signs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C reactive protein for acute maxillary sinusitis. <b>Design</b>: Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b>: Danish general practice in cooperation with the otorhinolaryngology and neuroradiology department at Aalborg County Hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 174 patients aged 18-65 years who were suspected by the general practitioner of having acute maxillary sinusitis. <b>&gt;Main outcome measure</b>: The independent association of symptoms, signs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and concentration of C reactive protein in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis defined as purulent or mucopurulent antral aspirate. <b>Results</b>: Only raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P=0.01) and raised C reactive protein (P=0.007) were found to be independently associated with a diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis. The combination of the two variables had a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.57. <b>Conclusion</b>: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein are useful diagnostic criteria for acute maxillary sinusitis.
489 ANDROGENIC-ANABOLIC STEROID USER AND A LARGE SPECTRUM DISEASE
Authors: P.A. Schwingel, H.P. Cotrim, B.C.R. Salles, C.E.R. Almeida, B.S. Nachef, C.A.B. Ferreira Filho, C.R. Santos Júnior
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The effect of splenomegaly on splanchnic hemodynamics in nonalcoholic cirrhosis after distal splenorenal shunt and splenopancreatic disconnection
Authors: Kazumitsu Takagi, Hiroshi Ashida, Joji Utsunomiya
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We investigated the effect of splenomegaly on portal hemodynamics during and after distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic disconnection in 27 patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis (13 with and 14 without splenic enlargement). Data were obtained by Doppler flowmetry, electromagnetic flowmetry and computed tomographical scanning. The splenomegaly group had a significantly higher preoperative splenic and portal blood flow than the nonsplenomegaly group. In both groups, postoperative portal venous pressure did not fall; portal blood flow significantly decreased while splenic volume was reduced, despite the lack of significant changes in splenic venous blood flow. There was a greater reduction of portal blood flow with previous splenomegaly than with normal-sized spleens, and this was not related to the degree of reduction in liver volume. In the splenomegaly group, the increase of splenic blood flow was only present during the early postoperative period. In conclusion, distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic disconnection influenced portal hemodynamics differently in nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients with and without splenomegaly. (Hepatology 1994;20:342–348.)