tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo stimulation of sugar uptake in rat thymocytes. An extranuclear action of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine.
Authors: J Segal, S H Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In previous studies we have demonstrated that 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in vitro produces a prompt increase in the uptake of the sugar analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) by freshly isolated rat thymocytes. This effect is prompt, being evident at 20 min after addition of T3, is independent of new protein synthesis, and can be elicited by physiologic concentrations of the hormone. In the present studies, we have sought to determine whether physiologic doses of T3 are capable of inducing an increase in 2-DG uptake in the thymocytes of the living animal. Therefore, 26-28-d-old female rats were injected with increasing doses of i.v. T3, followed 60 min later by 3H-labeled 2-DG. 30 min later, animals were killed, thymocytes were isolated, and their 3H content determined. Uptake of [3H]2-DG was increased by T3 in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest effective dose was 10 ng/100 g of body weight (30% above control) and the maximally effective dose 1 microgram/100 g of body weight (116% above control). The effect of T3 was independent of new protein synthesis in that it was not blocked by a dose of cycloheximide that inhibited the incorporation of [3H]leucine into thymocyte protein by 92-95%. Comparable studies with various thyronine analogues revealed the following rank order of potency: L-T3 greater than L-3,5,3'5'-tetraiodothyronine (L-T4) greater than D-T3 greater than or equal to D-T4 greater than L-3,3'5'-triiodothyronine greater than 3'-isopropyl-3,5-L-diiodothyronine (T2) = 3,5-L-T2. DL-thyronine was without effect. These studies indicate that T3 in physiologic doses acts in vivo to increase the uptake of sugar by rat thymocytes by a mechanism that is extranuclear in origin, in that it is independent of new protein synthesis. The findings support the conclusion that the previously demonstrated effects of T3 on thymocyte sugar uptake in vitro, which seem clearly to be mediated at the level of the plasma membrane, have physiologic relevance.
Reply to Silvia Selinski, Daniel Ovsiannikov, Jan G. Hengstler and Klaus Golka's Letter to the Editor re: Caroline E. Weibull, Sandra Eloranta, Daniel Altman, Anna L.V. Johansson, Mats Lambe. Childbearing and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study. Eur Urol 2013;63:733–8
Authors: Caroline E. Weibull, Sandra Eloranta, Anna L.V. Johansson, Daniel Altman, Mats Lambe
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Decreased ureagenesis from alanine, but not from ammonia and glutamine, in the perfused rat liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: M Moriyama, I Makiyama, M Shiota, K Uesugi, Y Kannan, M Ohta, K Kimura, T Sugano
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Ureagenesis from ammonia, alanine, and glutamine in the liver after partial hepatectomy (PH) was determined by using the liver-perfusion system. The maximum rate of ureagenesis from ammonium chloride (10 mmol/L) in hepatectomized (HX) rats at 24 hours after surgery was obtained in the presence of ornithine, lactate, and pyruvate, and it was almost identical to that in sham-operated (SO) rats. The rate of urea production from glutamine (1 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L) in HX rats was significantly lower than that of SO rats with a concomitant decrease in hepatic glutaminase activities. However, the rate of urea synthesis from glutamine (1 mmol/L) in the presence of added ammonia (0.5 mmol/L) was accelerated approximately 10-fold, and the significant difference in the rate of urea formation between HX and SO rats was abolished. This result indicates that there is enough glutaminase to generate ammonia from glutamine in the liver of HX rats. The rate of urea production from alanine (1 mmol/L or 10 mmol/L) in HX rats was significantly decreased at 24 hours following surgery, while that of SO rats was increased. The decreased formation of urea from alanine was not seen at 72 and 120 hours after the operation. These results suggest that during the proliferation phase of liver regeneration, a reduction of ureagenesis from alanine facilitates the remnant liver to make nonessential amino acids such as aspartate. This metabolic alteration might be related to the proliferation of liver cells.
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Residual Renal Function in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Philip Kam-Tao Li, Kai-Ming Chow, Teresa Yuk-Hwa Wong, Chi-Bon Leung, Cheuk-Chun Szeto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Residual renal function is an important determinant of mortality and morbidity in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. However, few studies have evaluated therapeutic approaches for preserving residual renal function after the initiation of dialysis. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril slows the decline in residual renal function in patients with end-stage renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis. Design: Randomized, open-label, controlled trial. Setting: Single-center study in the dialysis unit of a university teaching hospital. Patients: 60 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Measurements: Patients were randomly assigned to ramipril (5 mg daily) or no treatment. The target blood pressure was 135/85 mm Hg or less. Rate of decline in residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and development of complete anuria were compared among groups. Results: Over 12 months, average residual GFR declined by 2.07 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the ramipril group versus 3.00 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the control group (P = 0.03). The difference between the average changes in residual GFR in the ramipril and control groups from baseline to 12 months was 0.93 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (95% CI, 0.09 to 1.78 mL/min per 1.73 m2). At 12 months, 14 patients in the ramipril group and 22 in the control group developed anuria. With intention-to-treat multivariable analysis using the Cox model, it was estimated that at 3, 6, and 9 months, patients assigned to ramipril had a higher adjusted hazard of complete anuria than did patients assigned to no treatment. Of the 25 patients who still did not have complete anuria at 12 months, those assigned to ramipril had a better prognosis than did those assigned to no treatment (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.58 [CI, 0.36 to 0.94]). The rates of death from any cause, duration of hospitalization, and cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Although the trial was small and had a limited ability to exclude effects of potential confounding factors, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril may reduce the rate of decline of residual renal function in patients with end-stage renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis.
GSK is to employ doctors to speak about its drugs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK based pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline has said that it plans to employ doctors to educate their peers, rather than pay key opinion leaders to speak about its products at conferences and other events.

GSK announced last December that it was changing its marketing practices to end undue influence on prescribers.1 It said that by the start of 2016 it would stop paying doctors fees to speak on its behalf or to …
Commentary: Evidence versus influence in the WHO procedure for approving essential medicines: misoprostol for maternal health
Authors: C. Millard, P. Brhlikova, A. M. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In 2002, the World Health Organization changed its procedures for revising the model list of essential medicines as part of a shift to a more transparent and evidence based approach.1 Barbui and Purgato’s analysis highlights how poor quality applications unaccompanied by a systematic review of evidence may lead to the WHO expert committee prioritising reviews of medicines with limited value. Another problem is that the influence of civil society organisations in the application and review process can apparently trump evidence.

A case in point is misoprostol, a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin E1 that was, after six attempts, added to the essential medicine list in 2011 for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage when oxytocin is not available or cannot be safely used. However, an application to include the drug for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage was rejected at the same time because it “could divert the attention from or reduce attempts to implement oxytocin availability, a superior treatment.” 

The drug of choice for preventing and treating postpartum haemorrhage is oxytocin, followed by ergometrine, both of which are heat sensitive and require parenteral administration. Because misoprostol is stable at room temperature and can be administered orally, sublingually, rectally, and vaginally it has been presented as an ideal alternative in low resource settings, where most maternal deaths from haemorrhage occur. However, the evidence in support of using misoprostol is weak despite the large number of trials.

Over 10 years, four successive versions of a …
Clinical manifestations of disorders of the pulmonary and pleural lymphatics.
Authors: P Emerson
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Much less is known of the lymphatics of the pleura and chest wall.There are two main directions of lymph flow-forwards to the internal mammary chain of nodes and vessels, and backwards to the posterior mediastinum.Some of the lymphatics of the lower intercostal spaces drain downwards, through the diaphragm, to reach the cisterna chyli.Some of the mediastinal lymphatics communicate directly with the thoracic duct while the majority run upwards to join the paratracheal and pulmonary lymphatics and then drain by one or more vessels into the veins at the base of the neck near the thoracic duct.The radiological appearances of the abnormal lymphatics in lymphangitis carcinomatosa, pulmonary oedema, etc., are discussed.Lymphography W. F. WHITE The lymphatics and lymph nodes draining many parts of the body may now be demonstrated by lymphography.
When Is CPR Futile?
Authors: Ann Alpers, Bernard Lo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The root sense of "futility," with its immutable failure and inherent frustration, derives from ancient mythology. According to Ovid, the daughters of Danaus were condemned to draw water in leaky buckets from which the liquid would inevitably spill.<sup>1</sup>If cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is literally futile, a do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR) order is appropriate, even without the agreement of the patient or surrogate. An example in which CPR would be as futile as transporting water in a leaky bucket is a 72-year-old man with progressive septic shock, renal failure, obtundation, and respiratory failure despite 7 days of intensive care. Maximal treatment for the underlying condition has already failed, and there is no plausible pathophysiological mechanism by which CPR would restore adequate circulation.<sup>2,3</sup>However, many situations are not as clear-cut, and physicians may disagree with their colleagues and their patients over whether the leak is so severe that it would be pointless
MLV/HIV-pseudotyped vectors: a new treatment option for cutaneous t cell lymphomas
Authors: Sonja Thaler, Angelika M Burger, Thomas Schulz, Barbara S Schnierle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin. Malignant cells have a CD4+ T-helper phenotype and are found in early stages of the disease in plaques and cutaneous tumors. MLV/HIV-pseudotyped retroviral vectors target gene transfer to CD4-positive T cells and are therefore well suited to be specific delivery vehicles to treat CTCLs. We established a mouse xenograft model for CTCL and generated MLV/HIV-pseudotyped vectors encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), a well-known suicide gene, to prove the efficacy of MLV/HIV vectors in CTCL treatment. Vector particles were intratumorally injected into CTCL nude mouse xenografts. Mice were systemically treated with ganciclovir (GCV) and the tumor tissue was analyzed. A significant delay in tumor growth was observed for HSV-TK-transduced and GCV-treated tumors. GFP expression could be detected exclusively in CD4+ cells of tumors after transduction with GFP-encoding control vectors. The data demonstrate a cell-specific in vivo gene delivery via MLV/HIV-pseudotyped vectors and open new avenues for the treatment of CTCL in humans.
C1-Esterase Inhibitor Concentrate For Acute Attacks Of Laryngeal Edema In Hereditary Angioedema (HAE): Fixed Dosing Vs Body Weight-Adjusted Dosing
Authors: Konrad Bork, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Henrike Feuersenger, Thomas Machnig, Timothy J. Craig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Interindividual Heterogeneity in the Hypoxic Regulation of VEGF
Authors: Aylit Schultz, Lena Lavie, Irit Hochberg, Rafael Beyar, Tzachi Stone, Karl Skorecki, Peretz Lavie, Ariel Roguin, Andrew P. Levy
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The coronary artery collateral circulation may be beneficial in protecting against myocardial ischemia and necrosis. However, there is a tremendous interindividual variability in the degree of new collateral formation in patients with coronary artery disease. The basis for this interindividual heterogeneity is not understood. In this study we test the hypothesis that failure to generate collateral vessels is associated with a failure to appropriately induce with hypoxia or ischemia the angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods and Results —We correlated the VEGF response to hypoxia in the monocytes harvested from patients with coronary artery disease with the presence of collaterals visualized during routine angiography. We found that there was a highly significant difference in the hypoxic induction of VEGF in patients with no collaterals compared with patients with some collaterals (mean fold induction 1.9±0.2 versus 3.2±0.3 , P &lt;0.0001). After subjecting the data to ANCOVA, using as covariates a number of factors that might influence the amount of collateral formation (ie, age, sex, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia), patients with no collaterals still have a significantly lower hypoxic induction of VEGF than patients with collaterals. Conclusions —This study provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that the ability to respond to progressive coronary artery stenosis is strongly associated with the ability to induce VEGF in response to hypoxia. The observed interindividual heterogeneity in this response may be due to environmental, epigenetic, or genetic causes. This interindividual heterogeneity may also help to explain the variable angiogenic responses seen in other conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and solid tumors.
A Case of Thallium-201 Accumulation by Mucocele
Authors: MARINA HUGUET, FRANCISCO LOMEÑA, ANA CATAFAU, JAVIER PAVIA, FRANCISCO JAVIER SETOAIN, JORGE SETOAIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

An elderly man undergoing evaluation for a frontal expansive procedure demonstrated focal Tl-201 accumulation during the performance of a Tl-201 brain scan. This Tl-201 accumulation corresponded to a heterogeneous frontal lesion found on CT and MRI studies. The lesion was removed completely and the pathologic diagnosis was consistent with a mucocele. This case report highlights the need for cautious evaluation of focal Tl-201 uptake, despite the presence of typical scintigraphic features of brain tumor.
Skin susceptibility in uninvolved skin of hand eczema patients and healthy controls
Authors: T. AGNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Basic physiological characteristics were examined in the uninvolved skin of 39 patients with hand eczema and in 39 healthy controls. Susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)‐induced irritant dermatitis was evaluated by the application of a single 24‐h SLS patch test to the upper arm. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured by an evaporimeter, skin thickness by ultrasound A‐scan, blood flow by laser‐Doppler flowmetry and skin colour by a chroma meter using the L*a*b* system of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). No difference in basal TEWL values was found between patients and controls. A decreased skin thickness was found in those with hand eczema as compared to the controls. The hand eczema patients had significantly increased L* and decreased b*‐values compared to controls, indicating a more ‘fair’ skin. Susceptibility to SLS was increased only in patients with acute eczema, indicating that the presence of an active eczema increases the reactivity to irritants of distant uninvolved skin.
A Key Role of Adenosine Diphosphate in the Irreversible Platelet Aggregation Induced by the PAR1-Activating Peptide Through the Late Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
Authors: Catherine Trumel, Bernard Payrastre, Monique Plantavid, Béatrice Hechler, Cécile Viala, Peter Presek, Elizabeth A. Martinson, Jean-Pierre Cazenave, Hugues Chap, Christian Gachet
Journal: Blood (1999)
Mortality among the residents of the Three Mile Island accident area: 1979-1992.
Authors: E O Talbott, A O Youk, K P McHugh, J D Shire, A Zhang, B P Murphy, R A Engberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The largest U.S. population exposed to low-level radioactivity released by an accident at a nuclear power plant is composed of residents near the Three Mile Island (TMI) Plant on 28 March 1979. This paper (a collaboration of The University of Pittsburgh and the Pennsylvania Department of Health) reports on the mortality experience of the 32,135 members in this cohort for 1979-1992. We analyzed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) using a local comparison population and performed relative risk regression modeling to assess overall mortality and specific cancer risks by confounding factors and radiation-related exposure variables. Total mortality was significantly elevated for both men and women (SMRs = 109 and 118, respectively). All heart disease accounted for 43.3% of total deaths and demonstrated elevated SMRs for heart disease of 113 and 130 for men and women, respectively; however, when controlling for confounders and natural background radiation, these elevations in heart disease were no longer evident. Overall cancer mortality was similar in this cohort as compared to the local population (male SMR = 100; female SMR = 101). In the relative risk modeling, there was a significant effect for all lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue in males in relation to natural background exposure (p = 0.04). However, no trend was noted. We found a significant linear trend for female breast cancer risk in relation to increasing levels of TMI-related likely [gamma]-exposure (p = 0.02). Although such a relationship has been noted in other investigations, emissions from the TMI incident were significantly lower than in other documented studies. Therefore, it is unlikely that this observed increase is related to radiation exposure on the day of the accident. The mortality surveillance of this cohort does not provide consistent evidence that radioactivity released during the TMI accident has a significant impact on the mortality experience of this cohort to date. However, continued follow-up of these individuals will provide a more comprehensive description of the morbidity and mortality experience of the cohort.
Respirators and Tuberculosis
Authors: Mary D. Nettleman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 January 1995Respirators and TuberculosisMary D. Nettleman, MD, MPHMary D. Nettleman, MD, MPHUniversity of Iowa College of Medicine; Iowa City, IA 52242Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As discussed by Dr. Barnhart and Ms. Beaudet and as stated in our article [1], the number of respirators used could be reduced through reuse or by restricting access to patient rooms. Unfortunately, these measures will have a limited effect. Respirators cannot be reused indefinitely. Most hospitals cannot afford to have a dedicated caretaker serve meals, clean rooms, give medications, respond to patient requests, and provide baths and examinations. The results of our study, including the number of respirators required per patient-day, were strikingly similar to those reported in a study from the University of Virginia [2].Dr. ...References1. Nettleman MD, Fredrickson M, Good NL, Hunter SA. Tuberculosis control strategies: the cost of particulate respirators. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:37-40. Google Scholar2. Adal KA, Anglim AM, Palumbo CL, Titus MG, Coyner BJ, Farr BM. The use of high-efficiency particulate air-filter respirators to protect hospital workers from tuberculosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:169-73. Google Scholar3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimates of future global tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994; 49:961-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Iowa College of Medicine; Iowa City, IA 52242 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInstitutional Control Measures for Tuberculosis in the Era of Multiple Drug Resistance 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 70-71KeywordsDeath ratesHealth care providersParticulatesProspective studiesRespiratorsSputum Issue Published: 1 January 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
In Vivo Biomechanical Measurements of a Football Player's C6 Spine Fracture
Authors: Steven P. Broglio, Erik E. Swartz, Joseph J. Crisco, Robert C. Cantu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Sports are a common cause of spine injuries. Video footage documented an 18-year-old football player who sustained a cervical spine fracture during a head-down tackling maneuver. A telemetry system in the player's helmet measured the location and magnitude of the impact that caused the injury.
HIV Infection in 1968-Reply
Authors: Robert F. Garry
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  The purpose of our Brief Report was to document human immunodeficiency  type 1 (HIV-1) infection in 1968 and 1969 in the United States in a patient who, as we suggested earlier in 1984, 1 fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control diagnostic criteria for AIDS. We established HIV-1 infection by two specific, highly sensitive independent tests (Western blot and antigen capture immunoassays) and also attempted to eliminate artifacts due to storage through use of appropriate controls. Although it was not our purpose to review suspected AIDS cases in the pre-AIDS era, we did cite one review of the early literature back to 1902, 2 which antedated and overlapped the report of Huminer et al; the latter was not yet available to us at the time of submission of our article for publication. It is noteworthy that the referenced cases with positive serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus
Major histocompatibility complex restriction of soluble helper molecules in T cell responses to altered self.
Authors: J M Plate
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of soluble helper effects was observed in the generation of syngeneic killer T cells to trinitrophenyl-altered self. Ia-bearing T cells obscure the observation of such interactions, thus, must be removed to detect MHC restriction of nonspecific soluble helper factor supernates (HFS). Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that the strain producing HFS must be compatible in the H-21A region with the strain utilizing the helper molecules for optimal helper signals to be delivered.