tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of lignocaine, procainamide, metoprolol, digoxin and atropine on human myocardial refractoriness
Authors: N. EDVARDSSON, I. HIRSCH, S B. OLSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The acute intravenous effects of therapeutic doses of procainamide, lignocaine, metoprolol, digoxin and atropine on the monophasic action potentials (MAP) and effective refractory periods of the right ventricle (VERP) were studied in 48 healthy volunteers. Procainamide prolonged the VERP in the apex region. Lignocaine shortened the MAP duration at 90% repolarisation. Metoprolol did not affect any of the measured variables in spite of a significant decrease in heart rate. Digoxin produced a significant increase in the VERP at the outflow tract, but not in the apex region and the MAP variables did not change. Following atropine, the VERP at both recording sites decreased but the MAP signal was unaffected. In summary, the effects of procainamide, lignocaine, metoprolol and digoxin were in good agreement with previous studies in normal ventricular muscle cells in vitro. In addition, the findings following atropine, digoxin and procainamide are indicative of a parasympathetic innervation of the endocardial surface of the right ventricle.
Homozygosity for 807 T Polymorphism in α <sub>2</sub> Subunit of Platelet α <sub>2</sub> β <sub>1</sub> Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in High-Risk Women
Authors: Mark Roest, Jan Dirk Banga, Diederick E. Grobbee, Philip G. de Groot, Jan J. Sixma, Mariëlle J. Tempelman, Yvonne T. van der Schouw
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Platelet adhesion to collagen is the initial step in both hemostasis and thrombosis; this adhesion is mediated by alpha(2)beta(1) on the surface of platelet membranes. An 807 C to T single nucleotide exchange polymorphism close to the gene coding for the alpha(2) subunit of alpha(2)beta(1) is associated with the density of alpha(2)beta(1) on the platelet membrane.We studied the relation of the alpha(2)beta(1) 807 C/T genotype to cardiovascular mortality in a prospective cohort study of 12 239 women who were invited for the breast cancer screening program of Utrecht, the Netherlands. The initial age was between 52 and 67 years. Women were followed on vital status between 1976 and 1995 (168 513 women-years). Data were analyzed by using a nested case-control design. The alpha(2)beta(1) 807 C/T genotype was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in the total population: the rate ratio for cardiovascular mortality in 807 TT homozygotes compared with 807 CC wild types was 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). However, the alpha(2)beta(1) 807 T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in women who smoked or in women who had indications of compromised endothelium, such as diabetes and microalbuminuria. In those who were exposed to >/=2 of these factors, the risk ratio (95% CI) between alpha(2)beta(1) 807 TT homozygotes and 807 CC wild types was 14.1 (5.0 to 39.9).alpha(2)beta(1) 807 TT homozygosity, coding for increased alpha(2)beta(1) density on the platelet membrane, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in those women with indications of compromised endothelium.
The Hypophysis and Metabolism
Authors: BERNARDO A. HOUSSAY
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1936)

Fil: Houssay, Bernardo Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental. Fundacion de Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental; Argentina
Roentgenographic Aspects of Narcotic Addiction-Reply
Authors: Wilhelm Z. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  I am essentially in agreement with the comment by Dr Hershkowitz, except for an inaccuracy in his quotation from my article. I stated that  observation of gynecomastia on an addict's chest roentgenogram may be the clue to deranged liver function. Gynecomastia as a concomitant of intravenous narcotic addiction was first reported by Camiel et al,1who mentioned the inability of the malfunctioning liver to deactivate circulating estrogens as the pathogenetic mechanism. This phenomenon is certainly more likely to be encountered in chronic narcotic addicts with long-standing liver damage than in patients with acute hepatitis.  Dr Messer's letter also contains a minor misquotation from my article. I stated that in hematogenous osteomyelitis of narcotic addicts,Pseudomonas aeruginosais frequently (rather than most frequently) the offending organism. In the series of Kido et al,2P aeruginosawas recovered in 28 of 32 cases. The report by Holzman
Anti-inflammatory drugs in management of spondylosis.
Authors: T K Taylor, P Ghosh
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Anti-inflammatory drugs in management of spondylosisIn 1976 we drew attention to the uncertain rationale in the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of osteoarthritis.'We pointed out that osteoarthrosis is not an inflammatory process per primum, though focal inflammatory changes may occur from time to time in any given joint probably brought about by the products of cartilage degradation.Despite this information, available in stan- dard orthopaedic texts, anti-inflammatory drugs are widely ad- ministered to patients with osteoarthrosis at considerable cost and to no clear benefit.Indeed, indomethacin has been indicted on more than one occasion for accelerated deterioration of the hip joint in osteoarthrosis.2 ) This is probably attributable to the known in- hibitory effect of this drug on cartilage' and bone metabolism., We consider that the published findings represent only the tip of the iceberg. Methods and resultsThe dearth of information and the unbelievable paucity of controlled clinical trials for the usc of anti-inflammatory drugs in spondylosis prompted us to carry out a double-blind cross-over trial using indomethacin, flurbiprofen, and placebo in the trcatment of symptomatic lumbar spondvlosis in adults.Such a trial has not been reported previously.Twenty-four patients were studied; all had chronic symptoms of back pain, leg pain, or both attributable to this disorder, but none were in an acute episode at the time of the trial.Patients received each of the drugs or placebo for two weeks, and the sequcnce of administration was planned to minimise carry-over effects.Indomethacin was administered at 150 mg daily and flurbiprofen at 300 mg daily.Eleven of the 24 patients in the trial showed no measurable response to the drugs used.Overall, flurbiprofen was found to be statistically no more effective than placcbo in producing patient-assessed pain relief.Indo- methacini was more effective in relieving pain than flurbiprofen, but it had a much higher incidence of adverse side effects than flurbiprofen, which was similar to placebo.Slight improvement in spinal flexion, straight leg raising, and response to the femoral nerve stretch test was observed with indomethacin and flurbiprofen, but not with placebo.The improvements in each of these manoeuvres could not be considered as clinically important gains.No correlation was found between the response to the anti-inflammatory drugs and the patient's age, sex, or degree of spondylosis as judged by radiographic criteria.How much of the patient response to drugs was due to analgesia and how much was attributable to a direct anti-inflammatory effect could not be gauged by our study.
A parable of procurement
Authors: R. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Some say that the NHS is unnecessarily bureaucratic, its decision making slowed down by committees and procedures. This, however, is an essential response to the avarice of clinicians, who if left unchecked will spend an entire annual budget on equipment and will treat far more patients much more expensively than is agreed in the contracts so carefully drawn up at the start of each financial year.

> I believe in incorporating the best of NHS practices into my domestic situation 

I believe in incorporating the best of NHS practices into my domestic situation. Let me take a recent example.

Last April, soon after the start of our financial year, my wife, whom I shall call Mrs B to protect her anonymity, went on a short break to Paris and fell in love with a watercolour landscape on sale at a gallery there. Back home she could hardly contain her enthusiasm, saying how well it would go in our living room and what a long term investment it would prove. …
2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-7-Dimethyltetrahydropteridine In Parkinson's Disease
Authors: George C. Cotzias
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The suggestion made by Dr. Stock is based on solid scientific fact. I am not aware, however, of a malabsorption syndrome (like combined sclerosis) operating in patients with Parkinson's syndrome. This point would be a good subject matter for investigation. The actual therapeutic trial of 2-amino-4-hydroxy -6- 7 - dimethyltetrahydropteridine in selected individuals with Parkinson's syndrome might also be warrented.
Effect of oxygen withdrawal on active and passive electrical properties of arterially perfused rabbit ventricular muscle.
Authors: C B Riegger, G Alperovich, A G Kléber
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Oxygen withdrawal from myocardial cells leads to changes of the transmembrane action potential (mainly action potential shortening), to cellular uncoupling, and to changes of vascular permeability. This study was aimed at the simultaneous measurement of electrical activity and passive electrical properties (extracellular and intracellular longitudinal resistance) in arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscles under different conditions of changed oxygen supply. These included 1) complete anoxia (erythrocyte-free perfusate), 2) hypoxia (PO2 between 23-28 mm Hg, erythrocytes present) in the presence and absence of glucose, and 3) normoxia with erythrocyte-free perfusate. Similarly to myocardial ischemia, rapid cellular uncoupling occurred only after an initial stable period of approximately 17 minutes, and it required complete anoxia. The marked shortening of the action potential developed before cellular uncoupling. In six out of eight experiments, the fibers were inexcitable when uncoupling started. In severe hypoxia, no significant change of internal longitudinal resistance was observed over 35-40 minutes. The time course of the extracellular longitudinal resistance was different from the change in intracellular resistance: A marked decrease occurred almost immediately after the onset of oxygen withdrawal. This decrease was followed by a small increase in conduction velocity, which was most likely due to a change in the interstitial compartment (edema). It was observed during anoxic as well as during hypoxic perfusion. We conclude that 1) cellular uncoupling in arterially perfused tissue requires almost complete oxygen lack and occurs with a delay of more than 10 minutes, 2) marked action potential shortening precedes uncoupling, and therefore can not simply be attributed to an increase in free, intracellular calcium, and 3) vascular endothelial function is more sensitive to oxygen withdrawal than the myocyte.
Cyclosporine Attenuates Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy in Mice While Enhancing Susceptibility to Decompensation and Heart Failure
Authors: Tomomi Meguro, Chull Hong, Kuniya Asai, Gen Takagi, Timothy A. McKinsey, Eric N. Olson, Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a compensatory mechanism to cope with pressure overload. Recently, a calcineurin pathway mediating LVH and its prevention by cyclosporine was reported. We examined whether calcineurin mediates LVH due to pressure overload in mice. Pressure overload was induced by aortic banding in 53 mice (32 treated with cyclosporine [25 mg. kg-1. d-1], 21 treated with vehicle). There were 17 sham-operated mice (9 treated with vehicle, 8 treated with cyclosporine). At 3 weeks after surgery, LV weight to body weight was greater in the nontreatment banded group (4.39+/-0. 16 mg/g) than in the cyclosporine-treated banded group (3.95+/-0.14 mg/g, P<0.05), with both groups being greater compared with the entire group of sham-operated mice (3.02+/-0.04 mg/g). The pressure gradient between the ascending and abdominal aorta was not different between the cyclosporine-treated (49.6+/-6.1 mm Hg) and nontreatment groups (48.7+/-4.6 mm Hg). Although LV systolic pressure was lower in the cyclosporine-treated banded animals, LV systolic wall stress was similar in the nontreatment banded group and in the cyclosporine-treated group. However, LV dP/dt was lower (P=0.05) in the cyclosporine-treated banded group (4774+/-656 mm Hg/s) than in the nontreatment banded group (6604+/-516 mm Hg/s). During the protocol, 23 of 32 mice in the cyclosporine-treated group and 9 of 21 mice in the nontreatment group died. All deaths occurred within 10 days after surgery. Deaths caused by heart failure were 7.2-fold higher (P<0.05) in the cyclosporine-treated group, whereas deaths due to other causes were not different between the 2 groups. In addition, LV function of mice was assessed at 48 hours after banding; LV ejection fraction measured with echocardiography was lower (P<0.05) in the cyclosporine-treated banded group (66+/-3.0%) than in the nontreatment banded group (79+/-1.5%), whereas LV systolic wall stresses were similar. Calcineurin phosphatase activity was depressed similarly in both cyclosporine-treated groups compared with both nontreatment groups. Thus, cyclosporine could attenuate, but not prevent, LVH at the expense of inhibiting an important compensatory mechanism in response to pressure overload, resulting in reduced LV wall stress and function and increased susceptibility to decompensation and heart failure.
Hereditary Bone Dysplasia with Sarcomatous Degeneration
Authors: WINSLOW H. ARNOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Three of six siblings developed the uncommon tumor medullary fibrosarcoma of bone. An uncle died of a metastatic bone tumor. The siblings and 5 (possibly 11) of their kindred had an underlying radiologic abnormality in the diaphyses of the large tubular bones. In two instances this was shown to be caused by areas of marrow necrosis, indistinguishable from bone infarcts. The bone lesions appeared in the kindred in a pattern consistent with the inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. The mechanism of action of the abnormal gene was not found. The previously suspected association between healing bone infarcts and medullary fibrosarcoma is reemphasized.
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: ROBERT G. HEATH, BYRON E. LEACH, LAWRENCE W. BYERS, STEN MARTENS, CHARLES A. FEIGLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Data we have collected suggesting that schizophrenia is a deficiency disorder in the area of amine metabolism are presented. Investigations are currently under way toward finding substances which might alleviate this deficiency.
A STUDY OF THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AS RELATED TO PERSONALITY STRUCTURE IN A GROUP OF INMATES OF A STATE PENITENTIARY
Authors: SOL LEVY, MARGARET KENNARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

The data presented above are offered as indications of trends and possibilities in relating EEG types and personality traits. Since the total series comprises records from only 100 cases, it must be confirmed, if possible, by larger (and more well-defined) investigations. An increase of abnormal EEGs in the prison populations (30%) as compared to that of the normal population has been confirmed. In the present series EEG abnormalities were found to be equally distributed between crimes of violence and nonviolence. It is possible, however, that more detailed study and observation would have produced some relationship between paroxysmal behavior and paroxysmal EEG record. An expected positive correlation was found between abnormal EEGs and age at time of EEG test, age at time of first offense, and presence of possible organic brain injury. Of greater interest is the finding here, as well as in previous investigations, that relatively good personality structure relates to normal EEG. The more stable individuals among the prisoners, those convicted of single crimes, had only 17% abnormal EEG records, and 11% showed Pd profiles on the MMPI, while those who were repeated offenders had 34% abnormal EEGs and 39% had typical Pd profiles. Fifty percent of the records having high alpha indices occurred in individuals with a high psychopathic deviate score as shown on the MMPI. If these data are confirmed by further investigation it may eventually be possible, with the assistance of such tests as above, to separate 2 types of transgressors of the law who have reached imprisonment for totally different, almost opposite, reasons and should from every point of view have different treatment. The first of these groups consists of the prisoners who according to the present tests have characteristic MMPI profiles (high Pd peak) and a high incidence of normal EEG records containing much pure alpha activity. Such individuals could be classified psychiatrically as "psychopaths" and because of their fixed personality pattern would require permanent maximal custodial care. The second group contains mainly those with normal or neurotic profile on the MMPI, and these are found to have a higher incidence of abnormal EEGs. The unstable 4-6/sec. wave-forms and dysrhythmia in their records may indicate an underlying relative instability of personality usually associated with any one of several dynamic categories other than the fixed personality pattern. These subjects, on the other hand, deserve careful therapy, both somatic and psychological, directed at their specific underlying psychopathology.
A History of Poliomyelitis
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The conquest of polio is one of the dramatic achievements of 20th-century medicine, and Dr. Paul's narrative provides an exciting and informative account of the complex story. Dr. Paul himself played an important part in the ultimate success, and in addition he has known intimately most of the investigators whose work he describes. His concluding words are consequently all the more significant, for he indicates that we do not yet have  completely triumphant success story. The road will lead uphill for many years to come.  The great accomplishments of the 1950s and 1960s came about only after long and disheartening struggles, brilliant inspiration, pursuit of clues that belied their promise, errors and false turnings, tragic accidents, personal rivalries. Yet they all led to a happy culmination.  Dr. Paul has been a clinical investigator, devoting his talents to the study of the human patient. This contrasts with the purely laboratory
Family Medicine to the Fore
Authors: Rodger Charlton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Successful treatment of diffuse esophageal papillomatosis with balloon-assisted radiofrequency ablation in a patient with Goltz syndrome
Authors: Helga Bertani, Vincenzo Mirante, Angelo Caruso, Mauro Manno, Mario Brancaccio, Rita Conigliaro
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Goltz syndrome is a rare congenital multisystem connective tissue disease frequently associated with esophageal papillomatosis [1]. Esophageal papillomas are asymptomatic benign epithelial lesions. Their endoscopic incidence has ranged in studies from 0.01 % to 0.45 % [2] [3] [4], while their prevalence, based on autopsy series, has ranged from 0.006 % to 0.04 %, with a male : female ratio of 3 : 1 [5] [6]. The etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal papillomas is uncertain, but two theories have been proposed: mechanical or mucosal chemical irritation, in addition to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV).
Gravesʼ Disease and Concurrent Thyroid Carcinoma The Importance of Thyroid Scintigraphy in Gravesʼ Disease
Authors: USHA A. JOSEPH, SATISH G. JHINGRAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A woman with Graves' disease and unsuspected coexisting thyroid cancer is presented. Although rare, this association has to be considered. It has been noticed that thyroid cancer is more common in hyperthyroid than euthyroid persons. Thus, thyroid scintigraphy is very important in the initial workup of Graves' disease. It helps determine whether medical or surgical therapy is more appropriate in a particular patient.
Synchronous Primary Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer Recurrence, and Mediastinal Silicon-Induced Lymphadenitis
Authors: Francesco Petrella, Gian Carlo Pruneri, Mariacristina Ghioni, Alessandro Borri, Domenico Galetta, Roberto Gasparri, Piergiorgio Solli, Giulia Veronesi, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
97. Type I Interferon Response Against Virus Vectors and Non-Viral Gene Transfer
Authors: Riikka Pellinen, Outi Meriläinen, Saara Lehmusvaara, Tuula Salonen, Katja Häkkinen, Tanja Hakkarainen, Elisa Vähäkangas, Kari Airenne, Ilkka Julkunen, Ari Hinkkanen, Jarmo Wahlfors
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The first line of defense that gene delivery vectors, viral or non-viral, confront in cells is the type I interferon (IFN) response. Cells produce type I IFNs as a response to dsRNA (intermediates of viral replication) and other viral components. IFNs induce the expression of IFN stimulated genes that can be used as markers for IFN response. One of these IFN stimulated genes is the Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA).
[710] REVISITATION OF A COHORT OF ITALIAN PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS: CHANGES IN THE LAST THREE DECADES
Authors: A.L. Fracanzani, L. Valenti, A. Maraschi, C. Bertelli, E. Fatta, M. Fraquelli, D. Conte, S. Fargion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Treatment of the More Common Worm Infections
Authors: Harry Most
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE COMMON INTESTINAL PARASITES, both protozoa and helminths, are endemic in the US, particularly in the more rural southern and southeastern areas. The west and east coasts have a relatively large Chinese and Puerto Rican population, and among them one finds<i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>and<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>infections as well as other parasites. International travel, especially to the more "glamorous" but less sanitary areas of the world, where helminth (worm) infections are common, is increasing. Thus, it is evident that we not only have our own and imported parasites in this country, and that others or similar ones will occasionally be brought in in the future, but also that parasitic infections may be seen by physicians in any part of the US. Fortunately, there are effective and specific drugs available which, if administered properly, will result in a definitive cure in most instances. However, the relative specificity of the drugs requires
MLL fusion proteins preferentially regulate a subset of wild-type MLL target genes in the leukemic genome
Authors: Qian-fei Wang, George Wu, Shuangli Mi, Fuhong He, Jun Wu, Jingfang Dong, Roger T. Luo, Ryan Mattison, Joseph J. Kaberlein, Shyam Prabhakar, Hongkai Ji, Michael J. Thirman
Journal: Blood (2011)