tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of active smoking on the severity and evolution of asthma
Authors: Wiam El Khattabi, Abdelaziz Aichane, Zineb Berrada, Hicham Afif, Zoubida Bouayad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In adults with asthma, the effects of active smoking on asthma severity have been reported.  The aim of our work is to study the influence of active smoking on asthma control. This is a prospective study spread over four years, the profile of 25 smoking asthmatic patients (group S) and 100 non-smoking asthmatic patients (group NS). The average age is 36 years in the 2 groups. There was a male predominance in the group S and femal in the group NS (p = 0.00001). Asthma is isolated in 33% (group S) and in 16% (group NS) (p = 0.05). Stage III is present in 65% (Group S) and 42% (group NS) (p = 0.001) and is identical for stage IV (18%). Stage I is not found in group S. Asthma is associated with rhinitis in 41% (group S) and in 42% (group NS) and rhinoconjunctivitis in 32% in both groups. Prick tests were positive in 70% (Group S) and 85% (group NS). The most common allergens are, in the two groups, Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. After appropriate treatment, asthma was controlled in 55% (group S) and in 66% (group NS) (p = 0.1). We note through this work that active smoking has an impact on asthma and its evolution.
Therapeutic use of growth factors in renal failure.
Authors: M R Hammerman, S B Miller
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Polypeptide growth factors regulate kidney development, growth, and function and participate in processes of repair after renal injury. The use of one or more growth factors as therapeutic agents has been proposed in the settings of acute and chronic renal failure. In animal models of acute renal injury, the administration of epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), or hepatocyte growth factor accelerates the restoration of kidney function and the normalization of histology post-acute renal injury and reduces mortality. The mechanisms by which the growth factors act in acute renal failure include the stimulation of anabolism, the maintenance of glomerular filtration, and the enhancement of tubular regeneration. IGF-I has been safely administered to humans with chronic renal failure. The growth factor enhances GFR and RPF in these individuals. Further studies will be required to establish a role for IGF-I or other growth factors as therapeutic agents for acute renal failure in humans and to define the utility of IGF-I as a medical therapy for chronic renal insufficiency.
Sexual dysfunction in nonseminoma testicular cancer patients is related to chemotherapy-induced angiopathy.
Authors: J P van Basten, H J Hoekstra, M F van Driel, H S Koops, J H Droste, G Jonker-Pool, H B van de Wiel, D T Sleijfer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

To establish the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions after different treatment modalities for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor (NSTGCT) and to investigate whether treatment-induced angiopathy and neuropathy is related to sexual dysfunction.A questionnaire assessing sexual dysfunction was sent to 255 NSTGCT survivors. Polychemotherapy (PCT) regimens (cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin [PVB], vinblastine substituted by etoposide [BEP], or cisplatin substituted by carboplatin [CEB], etoposide combined with cisplatin [EP], or with ifosfamide and cisplatin [VIP] were compared regarding treatment-induced angiopathy and neuropathy. Sexual dysfunctions were related to Raynaud's phenomenon and acral paresthesia.Among the 215 responders, 56 (26%) had been treated by orchidectomy and surveillance, 42 (19.6%) by PCT, and 117 (54.4%) by PCT and resection of residual retroperitoneal tumor mass (RRRTM). Overall, loss of libido was reported by 19.1%, decreased arousal by 11.2%, erectile dysfunction by 12.1%, decreased intensity of orgasm by 20%, and ejaculatory problems by 28%. Patients treated with PVB suffered more often from Raynaud's phenomenon compared with those treated with other regimens (40.4% v 29%; P < .05) and from paresthesia (31.6% v 14.7%; P < .05). Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had more often erectile dysfunction (28.8%) compared with those without (8.4%) (P < .05).Compared with orchidectomy alone, PCT, with or without RRRTM, induced more often posttreatment sexual dysfunction. Compared with other chemotherapeutic regimens, signs of angiopathy and neuropathy were most prevalent in those treated with PVB. Erectile dysfunction was related to the chemotherapy-induced Raynaud's phenomenon but not to acral paresthesia.
Long-Term Intermittent Hypoxia
Authors: Sigrid C. Veasey, Guanxia Zhan, Polina Fenik, Domenico Pratico
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Humans with long-standing sleep apnea show mixed responses to serotonergic therapies for obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesize that long-term intermittent hypoxia may result in oxidative injury to upper airway motoneurons, thereby diminishing serotonergic motoneuronal excitation. Unilateral serotonin and glutamate agonist and antagonist microinjections into the hypoglossal motor nuclei in adult rats exposed to 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxia showed reduced hypoglossal nerve responsiveness (logEC50) for serotonin and N-methyl-D-aspartate. However, long-term intermittent hypoxia did not appear to alter hypoglossal response to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid injections. There was no reduction in hypoglossal motoneuron soma number or in serotonergic postsynaptic receptor mRNA copy numbers within single-cells; in contrast, there was an increase in isoprostanes in the dorsal medulla. Systemic 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (tempol) throughout exposure to intermittent hypoxia improved the EC50 for serotonin to a larger extent than glutamate and normalized medullary isoprostanes. Protein kinase C activity within the hypoglossal nucleus was increased after long-term intermittent hypoxia. These results suggest that long-term intermittent hypoxia reduces serotonergic and N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory output of hypoglossal nerves, and that reduced excitatory responsiveness and lipid peroxidation are largely prevented with superoxide dismutase treatment throughout hypoxia/reoxygenation. Similar alterations in neurochemical responsiveness may occur in select persons with obstructive sleep apnea.
Cell cooperation between human fibrocytes and endothelial progenitor cells during neoangiogenesis is driven by the CXCR4 pathway
Authors: David Smadja, Pascale Gaussem, Peter Dorfmuller, Ivan Bieche, Marianne Kambouchner, Elisa Boscolo, Marc Humbert, Joyce Bischoff, Dominique Israel-Biet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a vascular remodeling process. Fibrocytes are a distinct population of blood-borne cells that coexpress hematopoietic cell antigens and fibroblast products, which have been shown to contribute to organ fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that fibrocytes may cooperate with endothelial progenitors to induce angiogenesis.  We successfully isolated fibrocytes from blood of IPF patients. The characterization of fibrocytes used flow cytometry, real time q-PCR and confocal analysis. We investigated the interaction between fibrocytes and cord blood derived endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of vascularization.  We show for the first time the formation of functional microvascular beds in immunodeficient mice when human ECFC and fibrocytes isolated from IPF patients were co-implanted in matrigel plugs. Evaluation of implants after 2 weeks revealed an extensive network of blood vessels containing erythrocytes. Secreted media from fibrocytes enhances SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway in ECFC in vitro. Blocking CXCR4 in vivo in implants significantly inhibited blood vessel formation. Finally, we confirmed the relevance of these data by showing that vessels close to fibrotic areas in biopsy specimens from IPF patients expressed high levels of CXCR4, in contrast to control lungs.  Circulating fibrocytes might be involved in vascular remodeling process observed in patients with fibrotic disease and should represent a useful biomarker for fibrosis progression.
The International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group
Authors: Frank C. Detterbeck
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Thymic tumors are considered an orphan disease, and therefore treatment recommendations have been largely empiric, based on small, retrospective, often poorly characterized series of patients. The International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) has organized individual efforts, making collation of individual experiences and global collaboration possible. This article summarizes the development of ITMIG and accomplishments achieved since its inception in 2010. A great deal of infrastructure has been built, paving the way for scientifically robust progress in the future. Guidelines such as the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology are of significant clinical value despite being, of necessity, largely consensus-based. The ITMIG provides the foundation for development of more evidence-based guidelines in the future.
A dental technician with pulmonary fibrosis: a case of chromium-cobalt alloy pneumoconiosis?
Authors: D Sherson, N Maltbaek, K Heydorn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

A 45 yr old male developed pulmonary fibrosis after 29 yrs of employment as a dental technician. He subsequently developed adenocarcinoma of the lung. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was seen using light microscopy. Neutron activation analysis of non-neoplastic lung tissue demonstrated high levels of chromium and cobalt suggesting the possibility of a chromium-cobalt alloy pneumoconiosis.
Abstract 17488: Effect of Cocaine on Coronary Microvasculature
Authors: Varun Kumar, Mukesh Singh, Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, Daniela F Kovacs, Daniel Benatar, Charles M Gibson, Sandeep Khosla
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Presence of coronary microvascular dysfunction despite normal epicardial coronary arteries is known to significantly impact mortality and morbidity. With the increasing number of cocaine users among urban population, it is imperative to assess its effect on the coronary microvasculature. Method: In this blinded, retrospective study, microvascular dysfunction was assessed using corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC) and TIMI perfusion grade (TMPG), in an available consecutive series of 202 cocaine users in the absence of acute or recent MI, significant epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) or vasospasm, among the 775 cocaine users who underwent coronary angiography at Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago from 2005 to 2013. Applying the same criteria, the cTFCs and TMPGs were then compared with 210 randomly chosen non-cocaine users. Angiographers were blinded when determining the cTFC and TMPG. Results: The TMPG 0/1 for the left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (LCx), and right coronary (RCA) arteries were statistically significant among cocaine users (LAD 22% versus 5%, p=&lt;0.0001; LCx 25% versus 6%, p=&lt;0.0001; RCA 42% versus 8%, p=&lt;0.0001). For the cTFC, the LAD and LCx were significantly elevated among cocaine users (27.33 ± 10.9 versus 24.88 ± 10.05, p=0.03 and 41.11 ± 14.28 versus 38.23 ± 12.69, p=0.04; respectively). Additionally, there was a significant percentage of cocaine users with cTFC&lt;14 (i.e. faster flow) observed in the RCA (9% versus 3%; p=0.008). Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is significant coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with cocaine use despite the absence of significant epicardial CAD. Additionally, reduced coronary filling time might be the reason for the observed higher frequency of hyperemic flow in the RCA among cocaine users, which is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, particularly in the context of impaired myocardial perfusion.
The TiPS/TINS Lecture Catecholamines: from gene regulation to neuropsychiatric disorders11At the 1995 Annual Meeting of the European Neuroscience Association, held in Amsterdam, the plenary lecture given by Jacques Mallet was sponsored jointly by TiPS and TINS. The following article is adapted from this lecture.
Authors: Jacques Mallet
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1996)
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: clinical and prognostic evaluation of 90 adult patients.
Authors: P L Zinzani, M Bendandi, M Martelli, B Falini, E Sabattini, S Amadori, F Gherlinzoni, M F Martelli, F Mandelli, S Tura, S A Pileri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE During the last few years, the application of CD30 monoclonal antibodies has led to the identification of a new lymphoma entity, termed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). This tumor includes four distinct histologic subtypes, among which the Hodgkin's-like/Hodgkin's-related one (ALCL-HL) shares morphologic and phenotypic features with Hodgkin's disease (HD). PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 1988 to October 1993, 90 ALCL patients were treated with third-generation chemotherapy regimens (either vincristine, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, cytarabine, doxorubicin, methotrexate with leucovorin, and prednisone [F-MACHOP] or methotrexate with leucovorin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin [MACOP-B]) during the course of an Italian multicentric randomized trial on high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (HG-NHL). In particular, 47 patients had ALCL of the common type (ALCL-CT) and 43 ALCL-HL. Null phenotype was the most common (39.8%), while T-cell, B-cell, and hybrid forms accounted for 35.5%, 22.2%, and 2.5%, respectively. RESULTS Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 66 of 90 (73.5%) patients (33 of 47 [70%] with ALCL-CT and 33 of 43 [77%] with ALCL-HL). The majority of the patients in CR (56.5%) were alive and well at a median follow-up time of 38 months; no significant differences were observed between the two histologic groups, with the rate of complete responders being 49% and 65% in ALCL-CT and ALCL-HL, respectively. The probability of relapse-free survival (RFS), projected at 63 months, was 67% for ALCL-CT and 82% for ALCL-HL. The risk of lower CR and RFS rates was associated with the presence of bulky disease, advanced stage, and B symptoms. CONCLUSION The data of the present study confirm that ALCL responds to third-generation chemotherapy regimens similarly to other aggressive malignant lymphomas in terms of both CR and RFS rates.
Intangible Risks of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.8.2365 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11304791 Intangible Risks of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Edzard ErnstxEdzard ErnstSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.8.2365 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Improved therapeutic index of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide: final report by the Southwest Oncology Group of a phase III randomized trial in stages III and IV ovarian cancer.
Authors: D S Alberts, S Green, E V Hannigan, R O'Toole, D Stock-Novack, P Anderson, E A Surwit, V K Malvlya, W A Nahhas, C J Jolles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE To compare cisplatin-cyclophosphamide versus carboplatin-cyclophosphamide as primary chemotherapy for stage III (suboptimal) and stage IV ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to treatment with six courses of intravenous (i.v.) cisplatin 100 mg/m2 plus i.v. cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, or i.v. carboplatin 300 mg/m2 plus i.v. cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2. RESULTS The estimated median survivals were 17.4 and 20.0 months for the cisplatin and carboplatin study arms, respectively. The null hypothesis of a 30% survival superiority with the cisplatin arm was rejected at the P = .02 level. Clinical response rates were 52% for the cisplatin arm and 61% for the carboplatin arm. Pathologic complete response rates were similar for both study arms. There was less thrombocytopenia on the cisplatin arm (P less than .001); however, there was less nausea and emesis (P less than or equal to .001 for courses 1 to 5), renal toxicity (P less than .001), anemia (P = .01), hearing loss (P less than .001), tinnitus (P = .01), neuromuscular toxicities (P = .001), and alopecia (P less than .001) on the carboplatin arm. CONCLUSION Carboplatin-cyclophosphamide proved to have a significantly better therapeutic index than cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in patients with stage III (suboptimal) and stage IV ovarian cancer.
Abstract 613: A Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Embryonic Zebrafish Proteins
Authors: Margaret B Lucitt, Tom S Price, Angel Pizarro, Weichen Wu, Anastasia Yocum Yocum, Christoph Seiler, Michael Pack, Ian A Blair, Garret A FitzGerald, Tilo Grosser
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Zebrafish is an attractive vertebrate model organism for studies into the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development, pathology and pharmacology. Studies into the genetics of protein expression are largely constrained by the availability of specific antibodies. Mass spectrometry based proteomics methods have the potential to overcome these hurdles. This requires firstly an accurate characterization of proteins accessible to targeted quantitative analysis. We applied mass spectrometric proteomic methodology and statistical analysis to create profiles of proteins expressed during zebrafish embryonic development. We detected 1307 proteins from 327,906 peptide sequence identifications at 72 hpf and 120 hpf with false identification rates of less than 1% using two dimensional chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Close to two thirds of all detected proteins were derived from hypothetical or predicted gene models or were entirely unannotated. Comparison of protein expression in embryos by two dimensional gel electrophoresis differential in gel analysis (DIGE) revealed that proteins involved in energy production and transcription/ translation were relatively more abundant at 72 hpf consistent with the faster synthesis of cellular proteins during organismal growth. Pathway analysis revealed similar expression of proteins at both stages that relate to calcium, insulin receptor, ERK/MAP kinase, vascular epithelial growth factor signaling, and WNT/b-Catenin. Similarly both stages expressed proteins of the complement and coagulation cascades, GM-CSF, PTEN, and sonic hedgehog signaling and inflammatory signals. The data are accessible in a fully searchable database (http://bioinf.itmat.upenn.edu/zebrafish) that links protein identifications to existing resources including the Zebrafish Model Organism Database. This new resource should facilitate the selection of candidate proteins for targeted quantitation and may refine systematic genetic network analysis in vertebrate development and biology. This is the first large-scale proteome analysis of embryonic zebrafish tissue to reveal previously uncharacterized proteins and detect regulated proteins with relevance for cardiovascular function and development.
The Histone Deacetylase Sirtuin 1 Is Reduced in Systemic Sclerosis and Abrogates Fibrotic Responses by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling
Authors: Jun Wei, Archit K. Ghosh, Haiyan Chu, Feng Fang, Monique E. Hinchcliff, Jiucun Wang, Roberta Goncalves Marangoni, John Varga
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Persistent fibroblast activation underlies skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms controlling this process are not well understood. In view of the potent influence of acetylation status governing tissue fibrosis, we undertook this study to investigate the expression of the antiaging deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in SSc and its effects on fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo. Tissue expression of SIRTs was interrogated from publicly available genome-wide expression data sets and by immunohistochemistry. The effects of SIRT1 on modulating fibrotic responses, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were examined in human and mouse fibroblasts in culture and in an experimental fibrosis model in the mouse. Analysis of transcriptome data revealed a selective reduction of SIRT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in SSc skin biopsy samples as well as a negative correlation of SIRT1 mRNA with the skin score. Cellular SIRT1 levels were suppressed in normal fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia or platelet-derived growth factor and were constitutively down-regulated in SSc fibroblasts. Activation of SIRT1 attenuated fibrotic responses in skin fibroblasts and skin organ cultures, while genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SIRT1 had profibrotic effects. The antifibrotic effects of SIRT1 were due in part to decreased expression and function of the acetyltransferase p300. In mice, experimentally induced skin fibrosis was accompanied by reduced SIRT1 expression in lesional tissue fibroblasts, and both fibrosis and loss of SIRT1 in these mice were mitigated by treatment with a SIRT1 activator. SIRT1 has antifibrotic effects, and its reduced tissue expression in patients with SSc might have a direct causal role in progression of fibrosis. Pharmacologic modulation of SIRT1 in these patients therefore might represent a potential treatment strategy.
Extravesical tumor relapse in patients with superficial bladder tumors.
Authors: H W Herr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

To define the incidence of extravesical urothelial tumors among patients with high-risk superficial bladder tumors.Three hundred seven patients with multiple recurrent papillary and in situ carcinomas of the bladder were treated with transurethral resection and intravesical bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) therapy and monitored for a median of 12 years (range, 10 to 18). Extravesical tumors were detected during investigation of a positive urine cytology after no tumor was found in the bladder.Among 307 patients, 78 (25%) developed tumors in the upper urinary tract (UTT). Of 251 men, 61 (24%) had tumors detected in the prostatic urethra or ducts (T4p). The median times to detection of an UTT or prostatic epithelial tumor were 56 months and 11 months, respectively, and 32% of the UTT and 44% of the T4p relapses were lethal.Patients with high-risk superficial bladder tumors who are treated successfully by a bladder-sparing strategy are at increased risk for tumor relapse that involves extravesical mucosa.