tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Validity of activity monitors for physical activity assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Roberto Rabinovich, Zafeiris Louvaris, Yogini Raste, Daniel Langer, Hans Van Remoortel, Santiago Giavedoni, Chris Burtin, Eloisa Regueiro, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Nicholas Hopkinson, Michael Polkey, Frederik Wilson, William MacNee, Klass Westerterp, Thierry Troosters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale:  Physical inactivity (PA) and symptoms during PA are hallmarks of COPD. Adequate assessment of PA is a challenging objective in COPD. Various activity monitors are available but the validity of these monitors is poorly established. We aim to evaluate the validity of six activity monitors in patients with COPD against active energy expenditure (AEE) measured with doubly labelled water (DLW).   Methods:  Eighty patients with COPD (age 68±6 years, FEV 1  57±19% predicted) recruited in four centres each wore simultaneously four out of six available monitors validated in chronic conditions (Lifecorder Plus, ActiWatch Spectrum, RT3, Actigraph GT3X, DynaPort MoveMonitor and SenseWear Armband) during wakefulness for 14 consecutive days. AEE was calculated (0.9xTotal Energy Expenditure (TEE) [DLW]-resting metabolic rate) and the validity of the monitors was evaluated by correlations between AEE and monitors outputs and through multiple regression analysis using TEE as the dependent variable with total body water (TBW) plus several PA monitors outputs as independent variables.   Results:  Except for the Lifecorder Plus and the RT3, the remaining four monitors met the validation criteria. Actigraph GT3X and DynaPort MoveMonitor explained the majority of the TEE variance not explained by TBW (53% and 70% respectively) and showed significant correlations with AEE (r=0.63 p   Conclusions:  The present findings should guide users in choosing valid activity monitors for research or for clinical use in patients with chronic diseases such as COPD.  Funded by The Innovative Medicine Initiative Joint Undertaking (IMI JU # 115011).
Bone marrow fat unsaturation in young adults is not affected by present or childhood obesity, but increases with age: A pilot study
Authors: Ville Huovinen, Heli Viljakainen, Antti Hakkarainen, Tero Saukkonen, Sanna Toiviainen-Salo, Nina Lundbom, Jesper Lundbom, Outi Mäkitie
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Genomic analysis of TGFβ treated cell lines with phenotypically distinct outcomes to identify transcriptional signatures for assessment in stratification of cancers
Authors: Kaibo Duan, Vinisha Kanjilal, Lei Yan, Jonathan Yingling, Ketan Patel, Jianyong Shou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

B57   TGFβ acts as a tumor suppressor in normal epithelial cells and early-stage tumors and becomes an oncogenic factor in advanced tumors. The molecular and mechanistic basis to these phenotypically distinct outcomes is relevant to developing patient stratification guidelines for TGFβ targeted therapeutics. However little is known about the biological pathways that are associated with the loss of growth suppression in late stage cancers. We sought to understand the innate basis to the contrasting role of TGFβ as a direct growth suppressor vs. growth promoter via whole genome Affymetrix profiling of lung cancer cell lines treated with TGFβ. Early and late responses to exogenous TGFβ were identified and evaluated for conservation in relevant prostate and glioma datasets. Gene expression signatures that can discriminate outcomes  in vitro  were assessed for their relevance and potential predictive utility based on their ability to stratify cell line panels and clinical tumor datasets. Results from these analyses are summarized in this poster.
Large-scale discovery and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the mouse
Authors: Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Ellen Winchester, Mark J. Daly, David G. Wang, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Jean-Philippe Laviolette, Kristin Ardlie, David E. Reich, Elizabeth Robinson, Pamela Sklar, Nila Shah, Daryl Thomas, Jian-Bing Fan, Thomas Gingeras, Janet Warrington, Nila Patil, Thomas J. Hudson, Eric S. Lander
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Postexposure Rabies Prophylaxis in Immunosuppressed Patients—Reply
Authors: Emile Hay
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Description of a Dutch well-established asthma/COPD service for primary care
Authors: Esther Metting, Roland Riemersma, Sanderman Robbert, Thys van der Molen, Kocks Janwillem
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Diagnosing asthma and COPD is difficult, therefore many patients are still undiagnosed and untreated. In 2007, the Asthma/COPD(AC) service was implemented in The North of the Netherlands to advice general practitioner(GP)s in diagnosing, treating and managing their asthma and COPD patients by involving local pulmonologists.

 Aim  To describe the AC service and the patient population

 Methods  GPs can refer patients with evidence of respiratory problems to the AC service for assessment and advice. Patients complete a history questionnaire, the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and spirometry is performed by a trained technician. The Pulmonologist inspects the data online, without seeing the patient, and sends the GP the results along with a diagnosis and treatment advice. Finally GPs discusses these results with their patients.

 Results  Until now, the service has included ∼12.000 patients (mean age = 54±19 years, 44% male) from 359 GPs and ∼2000 new patients are included yearly. In 78% assessments, the pulmonologist was able to diagnose patients based on online information (45% asthma, 17% COPD, 7% asthma/COPD overlap).

 Conclusion  This Dutch AC service has proven to be a feasible collaboration system between GPs and pulmonologists. This service might also be feasible for the support of GPs in other chronic diseases and countries.

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Impact of the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in Spain: an epidemiological and microbiological decision
Authors: R Cano, A Larrauri, S Mateo, B Alcalá, C Salcedo, J A Vázquez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

The new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine became available in Spain and was included in the infant vaccination schedule in 2000. A catch-up campaign was carried out in children under six years of age. As a consequence, the incidence of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup C has fallen sharply during the last three epidemiological years in Spain. The risk of contracting serogroup C disease in 2002/2003 fell by 58% when compared with the season before the conjugate vaccine was introduced. There was also an important decrease in mortality. Three deaths due to serogroup C occurred in the age groups targeted for vaccination in 2002/2003, compared with 30 deaths in the same age groups in the season before the launch of the vaccine campaign. In the catch-up campaign the vaccine coverage reached values above 92%. For the 2001, 2002 and 2003 routine childhood immunisation programme coverage values ranged from 90% to 95%. During the past three years a total of 111 cases of serogroup C disease have been reported in patients in the vaccine target group. Most of the vaccination failures occurred during the epidemiological year 2002/2003. Eight (53%) vaccine failures occurred in children who had been routinely immunised in infancy, and could be related to a lost of protection with time since vaccination. The isolation of several B:2a:P1.5 strains (ST-11 lineage) is noteworthy. These may have their origin in C:2a:P1.5 strains which, after undergoing genetic recombination at the capsular operon level, express serogroup B. These strains could have relevant epidemic potential.
Psychotic patients' understanding of informed consent
Authors: M. Irwin, A. Lovitz, S. R. Marder, Jim Mintz, W. J. Winslade, T. Van Putten, M. J. Mills
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Courts have found psychiatric patients to have the qualified right to refuse treatment. Particularly problematic is whether newly admitted psychiatric patients can comprehend information and give informed consent. The authors examined the ability of voluntary and involuntary psychotic patients to understand information about antipsychotic medication, related this assessment to psychopathology, and evaluated factors involved in hypothetical acceptance or refusal of treatment. Although most patients stated they had understood informed consent material, objective ratings did not support this. Impaired understanding was significantly associated with thought disturbance but did not affect hypothetical acceptance or refusal of antipsychotics. Legal status was not a significant factor.
Abstract 1870: Development of a standard operating procedure for exosome isolation and analysis using clinical samples: Application to cancer biomarker discovery
Authors: Robert A. Setterquist, Alex J. Rai, Emily Zeringer, Mu Li, Tim Barta, Jeoffrey Schageman, Susan Magdaleno, Alexander V. Vlassov
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles (30-150 nm) found in abundance in human body fluids which function as carriers of different species of RNA and protein between diverse locations in the body. The spectrum of current scientific interest in exosomes is wide and ranges from studying their functions and pathways to utilizing them in diagnostics and therapeutics development. As such, there is a growing need for quick and easy methods for both isolation of exosomes and analysis of their cargo. We present herein a workflow for exosome isolation and analysis which entails: (i) fast and efficient isolation of exosomes from serum, plasma, and urine of both healthy donors and patients with prostate cancer, using Total Exosome Isolation reagents; (ii) characterization of their size distribution and count with Nanosight LM10 instrument; (iii) extraction of exosome “cargo” with Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation kit; (iv) characterization of exosomal RNA content using the Ion Torrent PGM sequencing and qRT-PCR. The protocol described herein lays the groundwork for the development of a standardized operating procedure (SOP) for isolation of exosomes and downstream analysis of their constituents, using clinical samples. We demonstrate that cancer-specific RNA signatures residing within the exosomes can be delineated from different patient cohorts. This is the first step towards developing a method whereby performance characteristics can be measured and used to optimize a validated assay useful for routine testing of clinical samples. Citation Format: Robert A. Setterquist, Alex J. Rai, Emily Zeringer, Mu Li, Tim Barta, Jeoffrey Schageman, Susan Magdaleno, Alexander V. Vlassov. Development of a standard operating procedure for exosome isolation and analysis using clinical samples: Application to cancer biomarker discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1870. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1870
Alpha Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection During Intensive Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group Study CCG-2891
Authors: Alan S. Gamis, William B. Howells, Joetta DeSwarte-Wallace, James H. Feusner, Jonathan D. Buckley, William G. Woods
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Past reports indicate that alpha hemolytic streptococcal (AHS) organisms are a common cause of infection among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This study was intended to ascertain the population incidence and rate (infections per 100 patient-days of treatment) of AHS and to identify associated risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (n = 874 with 151,350 days of risk) enrolled on the Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) protocol for newly diagnosed AML, CCG-2891, which randomly assigned intensity of induction and intensification, were prospectively evaluated for infectious complications. RESULTS: AHS occurred in 21% of patients, was primarily blood borne (86%), made up 21% of bacteremic infections, and had a recurrent incidence of 31% during subsequent therapy. AHS was more often life-threatening (59%) than other infections (41%) (P = .001). AHS rates increased with age less than 10 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; P = .007), intensively timed induction (OR, 1.8 to 1.9; P = .02), and high-dose cytarabine intensification (OR, 3.7; P &lt; .0001). Among all courses, the greatest incidence (19%) and rate (0.41) were associated with the use of high-dose cytarabine. Gastrointestinal toxicity correlated significantly with AHS bacteremia (P &lt; .01). Infection with AHS resulted in increased hospital days (P = .0001). Only among bone marrow transplant patients were overall survival (OR, 2.8; P = .0001) and disease-free survival (OR, 2.1; P = .008) decreased after AHS bacteremia. CONCLUSION: This study, the first to prospectively examine AHS incidence among uniformly treated patients in multiple institutions, established that as the intensity of AML therapy has increased, so has the rate of AHS. Young children, those with previous AHS bacteremias, and those receiving high-dose cytarabine are at particularly high risk of AHS bacteremia.
The prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae among children aged &lt; 5 years correlates with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: K. Mïhlemann, D.E. Uehlinger, W. Bïchi, M. Gorgievski, C. Aebi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)
Human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vivo and in vitro induces expression of the B cell differentiation factor BAFF
Authors: Paul McNamara, Angela Fonceca, Deborah Howarth, Ruth Trinick, Joanne Cummerson, Rosalind Smyth, Brian Flanagan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: In RSV disease, innate immune mediators expressed by infected airway epithelial cells are known to strongly influence both early inflammatory responses and the subsequent development of an adaptive immune response. The B lymphocyte differentiation factor, B cell activating factor of the TNF family, BAFF or TNFSF13B, has been shown to be present in autopsy samples from RSV Infected infants (Reed, J.L. et al. JID; 199:1128-38)

Aims: To determine if BAFF expression is elevated in the airways of infants with severe RSV Bronchiolitis and if RSV infection of primary Airway epithelial cells in vitro induces BAFF expression.

Methods and results: BAFF protein, as measured by ELISA, was elevated in bronchiolar alveolar lavage fluid collected from the lungs of infants with severe RSV infection (n=10, mean 833pg). Non infected control group infants, admitted for elective surgery had lower levels (n=7, mean 12pg, p<0.027). To further confirm these results BAFF mRNA was measured by taqman real-time PCR in bronchial brushings from patients with RSV bronchiolitis (n=5) and healthy infants (n=6). Average BAFF mRNA expression was around 20 fold higher in samples obtained from infected infants (p<0.01). When In vitro cultures of primary airway epithelial cells isolated from healthy children were infected with RSV A2 strain, BAFF mRNA expression was induced 200 fold with maximum expression at 12 hours post infection (n=4, p<0.01). Protein analysis showed expression of up to 170pg BAFF protein at 48 hours post infection.

Conclusions: Airway Epithelial cell expression of the B cell differentiation factor BAFF is induced by RSV infection both in vivo and in vitro .
Radioimmunoassay of Human Apolipoprotein CII
Authors: M. L. Kashyap, L. S. Srivastava, C. Y. Chen, G. Perisutti, M. Campbell, R. F. Lutmer, C. J. Glueck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

A specific, precise, and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of human apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) was developed. ApoCII was labeled with 125I (chloramine-T) and monospecific antibody was raised in rabbits. No appreciable cross-reactivity with apolipoproteins CI, CIII, AI, AII, low density lipoproteins, and lipoprotein-free plasma was observed. Lipoproteins containing apoCII displaced the standard curve in parallel. ApoCII measurement was not affected by pretreatment of plasma with tetramethylurea, ethanol-diethyl ether, or heating.
Susceptibility of Mammary Tissues of Different Strains of Mice to Tumor Development
Authors: Anna Dux, O. Mühlbock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Mammary glands from mice of strains C3H, C3Hf, C57BL, GR, and GRz were transplanted into the mammectomized F1 hybrids of these strains. In each hybrid one mammary gland of the highly susceptible strains C3Hf and C3H and one of the C57BL or the GR and GRz strains were compared with respect to tumor development. Both reciprocal hybrids were used. The results with the C57BL compared with the C3Hf were clear-cut: The mammary gland of the C57BL strain was more resistant to tumor development under identical conditions than the mammary gland of the C3Hf mouse. This was true in the presence and absence of the mammary tumor agent. The action of genetic factors determining the susceptibility to tumor development in the mammary gland is in the gland itself; no action of genetic factors through a general systemic mechanism could be demonstrated. Evaluation of the susceptibility of the GR and GRz strains as compared with that of the C3Hf and C3H was complicated by the presence and possible interplay between the two viruses in these two strains. Probably there is not much difference in the susceptibility of the mammary glands to tumor development in the C3H and C3Hf on the one hand and the GR and GRz strains on the other.
Contribution of behavioural science to antibiotic stewardship
Authors: S. Tonkin-Crine, A. S. Walker, C. C. Butler
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Belated recognition of its importance

The prospect of a world without effective antibiotics has galvanised public and professional opinion on the need to conserve our precious, shared resource of effective antimicrobials.1 Unfortunately, how to do this most effectively is far from clear. Just as with climate change, the threat seems for most people to be largely societal and in the future—exemplifying the so called “tragedy of the commons” (where individual action to maximise personal benefit results in harm to the interests of the population as a whole2). While many people are already experiencing the negative consequences of antimicrobial resistance, taking remedial action has perceived adverse consequences now, with many patients wanting the strongest possible antibiotic to cure their current infection.

Antimicrobial stewardship programmes have been designed to promote the most effective use of antimicrobials by limiting overuse, underuse, or misuse. In the UK, example programmes include the TARGET toolkit for primary care3 and the “start smart then focus” programme for secondary care.4

The prescription of potentially unnecessary antibiotics is one target of these programmes. Most antibiotics are prescribed in primary care for suspected infections, …
Cytology and DNA ploidy techniques in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Leila Antonangelo, Débora Rosolen, Giorgio Bottura, Leslie Kulikowski, Amom Nascimento, Lisete Teixeira, Francisco Vargas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Pleural fluid (PF) cytology is the first approach to diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Its sensitivity ranges from 40 to 80% and depends on the quality of slide preparation, histological tumor type and the cytologist9s skill to differentiate tumor cells from benign reactive mesothelium. Ancillary methods are often required to improve the cytological diagnosis.   Objectives  To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of conventional cytology, and the contribution of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA ploidy in MPE diagnosis.   Materials and Methods  PF samples from 85 patients were analyzed by cytology and classified as: malignant (presence of malignant cells; n= 45; 52.9%); suspicious (presence of atypical cells; n=16; 18.8%) or benign (no malignant or atypical cells; n= 24; 28.3%). FISH was performed in the 85 PF samples by the alpha centromeric probes for chromosomes 11 (red) and 17 (green) and classified as normal or aneuploid according to the cut-off previously established. In 43 samples we also performed DNA ploidy by flow cytometry (FC). Patient9s records were consulted for definitive diagnosis.   Results:     Conclusion  FISH improved the cytologycal diagnosis of MPE. In five cases of suspicious and in three cases of negative cytology, the presence of aneuploidy cells reclassified the cases as MPE. In these cases, all patients were confirmed with cancer. CF DNA ploidy showed weak diagnostic performance.  We recommend associate FISH to cytology mainly for patients with previous diagnosis of cancer who develop pleural effusion with suspicious cytology.