tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WHAT CAN THE MEDICAL PROFESSION DO FOR THE ARMY?
Authors: W. C. BORDEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In considering the subject assigned me, I am greatly impressed by the motive underlying the title. The fact that this, the largest and most representative association of medical men in this country, propounds such inquiry is pleasing evidence that it appreciates the obligations which it bears to the country, and to meet such obligations is willing to do what it can to strengthen the arm militant of the nation. It is further evidence of the trend of thought of the medical profession toward a broader and more comprehensive grasp of the duties and responsibilities which must by right devolve on it. With the extension of medical knowledge, its quick dissemination by journal and book and the association of members of our profession together in societies, which association has been made generally possible only in recent years through the facilities for rapid travel now offered, the profession is coming to a
Prognostic impact of big endothelin-1 plasma concentrations compared with invasive hemodynamic evaluation in severe heart failure
Authors: Richard Pacher, Brigitte Stanek, Martin Hülsmann, Jeanette Koller-Strametz, Rudolf Berger, Markus Schuller, Engelbert Hartter, Emil Ogris, Berhard Frey, Gottfried Heinz, Gerald Mauerer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Predicting 6-Year Mortality Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sanjoy Paul, Ruth L. Coleman, Hermione C. Price, Andrew J. Farmer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

In their recent report, Wells et al. (1) describe the derivation of a statistical tool designed to predict mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. We have a number of concerns about the methods used and the reporting of this study. These concerns include the possibility that the extent of imputation used may have introduced bias, that the modeling is based only on baseline information, and that the report does not adequately reference prior work.

The researchers acknowledge that over 50% of some baseline characteristics …
Psychiatric Experience in the Spanish War
Authors: E. Mira
Journal: BMJ (1939)

The fears by which the civilian of any city in Republican Spain was likely to be troubled during the recent war were: (a) that he or his family might be killed or wounded by bombardment, whether from the air or by artillery; (b) that he might be called 'upon to serve at the front in the Army; (c) that he and his family might be slowly but progressively starved, owing to the scarcity of food; and (d) that he might be ruined economically, owing to the fall in the purchasing power of Spanish Republican money.It was the last two fears that, in fact, proved to be the better founded.
Liberty safeguards in hospital
Authors: N. Gupta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The interplay of deprivation of liberty safeguards and the Mental Capacity Act is probably most complex in general hospitals.1 People with delirium, dementia, or severe aphasia or who are in coma will lack the capacity to consent to admission or prolonged stay because of their underlying cognitive state.2 Delirium and other neuropsychiatric …
William Walker, Filibustering Physician
Authors: Robert J. T. Joy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A piercing eye, a princely ear, A presence like a chevalier —Half angel and half Lucifer;A face of blended pride and pain, Of mingled pleading and disdain, With shades of glory and of grief —The famous filibuster chief Stood front his men among the trees That topped the fierce Cordilleras.Joaquin Miller —"With Walker in Nicaragua"AFTER the successful conclusion of the Mexican War in 1848, the United States of America entered the period of "Manifest Destiny," beginning with expansion to the Pacific and ending with its emergence as a world power after the Spanish-American War in 1898. William . . .
Endocrine Activity in Psychiatric Patients with Menstrual Disorders
Authors: J. H. Rey, U. Nicholson-Bailey, A. Trappl
Journal: BMJ (1957)

In so far as major endocrine disorders, particularly those of hyperfunction, are frequently familial and genetically determined, and in so far as many major endocrine disorders have their representation, but with less intensity, in accepted normality, observations in regard to the association of major endocrine disorders with characteristic behaviour patterns are relevant to a consideration of the varieties of normal behaviour pattern among normal individuals.Classifications of physical build, as used by anthro- pologists, bear some relationship to classifications of endocrine constitution, and the evidence put forward suggests an endocrine basis for two of the anthro- pological groups, the muscular mesomorphs and the adipose endomorphs, thus giving further support to the previous two conclusions.I qualify my conclusions by an unqualified admission of the importance of non-endocrine factors in determin- ing behaviour patterns, and even more so in the case of the psychoneuroses and psychoses, the'majority of the latter of which are not due to endocrine disorders.
Increased presence of pathogen burden and of circulatory precursor cells in prosthetic compared to native degenerated aortic valves
Authors: Gerhard Bauriedel, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Dirk Skowasch, Stefanie Schrempf, Claus J. Preusse, Armin Welz, Berndt Lüderitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
<i>Fas</i>Gene Mutations in the Canale–Smith Syndrome, an Inherited Lymphoproliferative Disorder Associated with Autoimmunity
Authors: Jörn Drappa, Akshay K. Vaishnaw, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Jia-Li Chu, Keith B. Elkon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The Canale–Smith syndrome is a childhood disorder characterized by lymphadenopathy and autoimmunity. The similarity between this syndrome and that in mice with the lymphoproliferation (lpr ) phenotype or the generalized-lymphoproliferative-disease (gld) phenotype led us to investigate whether it too is caused by mutations of the Fas gene (lpr mice) or the Fas ligand (gld mice), which regulate apoptosis in lymphocytes.
Effect of topical cis-urocanic acid on local lymph node activation during contact sensitization in mouse, rat and guinea-pig
Authors: A.I. LAUERMA, B. HOMHY, H.-W. VOHR, C.H. LEE, H. BLOOM, H.I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Cis-urocanic acid (cUCA) has been suggested as a mediator of impairment of contact hypersensitivity induction by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. We ascertained whether topical cUCA influences local lymph node activation during induction of contact hypersensitivity. Topical cUCA or vehicle was applied during the local lymph node assay to oxazolone. Local lymph node weight and cell number were assessed in all animals. Additionally, cell proliferation rate was studied in Hartley guinea-pigs and CBA/Ca mice, whereas activation of antigen-presenting cells was quantified in NMRI mice and Wistar rats. Topical cUCA suppressed all parameters of local lymph node activation due to oxazolone application in guinea-pigs. No effect, with the exception of a suppression of antigen-presenting cell activity, was seen in mice. No effect was seen in rats. The study shows that topical cUCA may suppress local lymph node activation during contact sensitization and suggests that differences between the effect of cUCA in different animal species may exist.
Prognostic factors and response to fludarabine therapy in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: results of United States intergroup trial (Southwest Oncology Group S9003)
Authors: Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Joth L. Jacobson, Morie A. Gertz, Saul E. Rivkin, G. David Roodman, Joseph M. Tuscano, Muhammad Shurafa, Robert A. Kyle, John J. Crowley, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2001)
FDA Weighs Communicating Drug-Related Risk to Patients
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
808. Monitoring of Transgene Expression in Cancer Patients with Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Authors: Bruno Sangro, Ivan Penuelas, Guillermo Mazzolini, Jose F. Boan, Josep M. Marti-Climent, Maria Ruiz, Cheng Qian, Nagichettiar Satyamurthy, Jorge R. Barrio, Michael E. Phelps, Jose A. Richter, Sam Gambhir, Jesus Prieto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background & Goal: Clinical development of gene therapy is hindered by the lack of tools that may help evaluating the intensity and duration of transgene expression. In animal models, PET imaging using a fluorine-18 labeled penciclovir analog (18FHBG) as a radiotracer can monitor in vivo the expression of thymidine kinase, a viral enzyme used for genetic prodrug activation therapy. We have explored this strategy in patients with liver cancer.
Therapeutic vaccines and immune-based therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: Perspectives and challenges
Authors: Marie-Louise Michel, Qiang Deng, Maryline Mancini-Bourgine
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

The treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has greatly improved over the last 10 years, but alternative treatments are still needed. Therapeutic vaccination is a promising new strategy for controlling chronic infection. However, this approach has not been as successful as initially anticipated for chronic hepatitis B. General impairment of the immune responses generated during persistent HBV infection, with exhausted T cells not responding correctly to therapeutic vaccination, is probably responsible for the poor clinical responses observed to date. Intensive research efforts are now focusing on increasing the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination without causing liver disease. Here we describe new approaches to use with therapeutic vaccination, in order to overcome the inhibitory mechanisms impairing immune responses. We also describe innovative strategies for generating functional immune responses and inducing sustained control of this persistent infection.
Nondegradation of fecal cholesterol in subjects at high risk for cancer of the large intestine.
Authors: M Lipkin, B S Reddy, J Weisburger, L Schechter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

In previous studies subjects with familial polyposis, the autosomal dominant disease leading to colon cancer, excreted higher levels of fecal cholesterol than normal subjects, with decreased conversion to degradation products. Findings suggested fecal cholesterol degradation as a marker of hereditary predisposition to colon cancer. Current measurements now have shown that affected individuals and asymptomatic progeny in a second population group with inherited predisposition to colon cancer are low converters of fecal cholesterol. The latter group consisted of highly colon cancer prone families without polyposis, in which patterns of inheritance similar to the autosomal dominant pattern of familial polyposis were observed. 24-h stool collections were obtained from 72 subjects who consumed mixed western diets. Mean percent degradation of fecal cholesterol to coprostanol, coprostanone, cholestanol, and cholestanone revealed significant decreases in fecal cholesterol conversion in affected and asymptomatic subjects in colon cancer prone families without polyposis (P < 0.001) compared to controls. This is in addition to those with familial polyposis (P < 0.001), and extends this marker of colon cancer susceptibility to a second population group with hereditary predisposition to colonic neoplasia.
Scintigraphic Patterns of the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome of the Lower Extremities
Authors: CHARLES INTENZO, SUNG KIM, JOSEPH MILLIN, CHAN PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Thirty-two patients with clinical signs and symptoms of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) of the lower extremities underwent Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Twenty-three patients had abnormal scan findings consistent with RSDS, while the scans of the remaining nine patients were normal. Of the 23 patients with abnormal scans, 19 demonstrated increased periarticular activity on early and delayed images, while 4 patients demonstrated decreased activity in the affected limb.
Ursodeoxycholic acid complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin increases ursodeoxycholic acid biliary excretion after single oral administration in rats
Authors: P. Ventura, R. Panini, G. Montosi, C. Garuti, M.A. Vandelli, G. Brunetti, A. Pietrangelo, G. Salvioli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Book Review Preventing AIDS in Drug Users and Their Sexual Partners Edited by James L. Sorensen, Laurie A. Wermuth, David R. Gibson, Kyung-Hee Choi, Joseph R. Guydish, and Steven L. Batki. 220 pp. New York, Guilford Press, 1991. $25. The Emergent Reality of Heterosexual HIV/AIDS: A primer for medical practitioners and health care workers Fourth edition. By Sydney J. Lachman. 396 pp. South Africa, Lennon Limited, 1991.
Authors: Andrew M. Wiesenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Effect of cigarette smoking on the lower oesophageal sphincter.
Authors: D K Chattopadhyay, M G Greaney, T T Irvin
Journal: Gut (1977)

Observations on the effect of smoking on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) are based on station pull-through techniques of eosophageal manometry and recent studies have suggested that these techniques are inaccurate. Reproducible measurements of LOSP may be achieved with a rapid pull-through (RPT) method of manometry. This method was used to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on LOSP in 10 asymptomatic volunteers and in a group of 10 patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Basal LOSP measurements in the two groups were not significantly different but LOSP was reduced by 19% in asymptomatic subjects (p less than 0-01) and by 21% in symptomatic patients (p less than 0-02) during cigarette smoking. The results suggest that smoking should be avoided in the clinical management of gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Alexithymia, Immunity and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Replication
Authors: O. Todarello, A. Casamassima, S. Daniele, M. Marinaccio, F. Fanciullo, L. Valentino, N. Tedesco, S. Wiesel, G. Simone, L. Marinaccio
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

In a previous study [Psychother Psychosom 1994;61:199-204] we investigated the relationship between alexithymia, carcinogenesis and immunity in a group of women who were unconscious sufferers from precancerous lesions of the cervix (CIN). The results of this study showed a high level of association between alexithymia and CIN and, an even more interesting fact, between alexithymia and reduced levels of immunity.The aim of the present study is to check the results of the previous one by testing a larger group (43 women affected by cervical dysplasia and 67 healthy women) and by the use of a self-administered test for detection of alexithymia, the well-validated Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).The results confirm that women suffering from CIN have higher average TAS-20 ratings (55) than normal women (47.32) and that the level of alexithymia detected in the group of women suffering from dysplasia (42.5%) is higher than that of normal women (12.85%). Moreover, the present study confirms that alexithymic women have lower rates of a number of lymphocyte subsets than non-alexithymic women.This study fully confirms the results of our previous work and those of a number of other studies: (1) personality might be one of the factors jointly responsible for the outbreak of cancer; (2) the immune system appears to play an important part as a mediator between personality and cancer.
Health Is a Community Affair
Authors: James E. C. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An exhaustive compilation of the problems facing progress in the nation's medical care would be exhausting reading, were it not for the extraordinary timeliness of this report and its recommendations. It is the result of a two-year study undertaken by the National Commission on Community Health Services, a private corporation sponsored by The American Public Health Association and the National Health Council, reported to the President in April 1966 by its Chairman, Marion B. Folsom. The Commission drew its report from three sources: (1) the recommendation of six task forces, consisting of national figures of some ability, experience and repute, drawn together to consider major issues, (2) a study of 21 communities extending across the country, and (3) the reaction of 1,000 "community leaders" to the issues raised. The report struggles with its mass of data reasonably well and with reasonable organization. Structured around 14 "conclusions" drawn from the Commission's
Cost-Effectiveness of Distributing Naloxone to Heroin Users for Lay Overdose Reversal
Authors: Phillip O. Coffin, Sean D. Sullivan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Opioid overdose is a leading cause of accidental death in the United States.To estimate the cost-effectiveness of distributing naloxone, an opioid antagonist, to heroin users for use at witnessed overdoses.Integrated Markov and decision analytic model using deterministic and probabilistic analyses and incorporating recurrent overdoses and a secondary analysis assuming heroin users are a net cost to society.Published literature calibrated to epidemiologic data.Hypothetical 21-year-old novice U.S. heroin user and more experienced users with scenario analyses.Lifetime.Societal.Naloxone distribution for lay administration.Overdose deaths prevented and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).In the probabilistic analysis, 6% of overdose deaths were prevented with naloxone distribution; 1 death was prevented for every 227 naloxone kits distributed (95% CI, 71 to 716). Naloxone distribution increased costs by $53 (CI, $3 to $156) and quality-adjusted life-years by 0.119 (CI, 0.017 to 0.378) for an ICER of $438 (CI, $48 to $1706).Naloxone distribution was cost-effective in all deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity and scenario analyses, and it was cost-saving if it resulted in fewer overdoses or emergency medical service activations. In a "worst-case scenario" where overdose was rarely witnessed and naloxone was rarely used, minimally effective, and expensive, the ICER was $14 000. If national drug-related expenditures were applied to heroin users, the ICER was $2429.Limited sources of controlled data resulted in wide CIs.Naloxone distribution to heroin users is likely to reduce overdose deaths and is cost-effective, even under markedly conservative assumptions.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
A piece of my mind. The rain
Authors: S. Snyder
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"Please go away. Some other time." I am a liaison psychiatrist. I'm accustomed to being turned away by patients. This one is an elderly woman who had a large pelvic sarcoma removed several weeks ago and lost a leg in the process. Things have gone badly for her since then. A wound that won't heal. Fevers. Intractable diarrhea. Your classic surgical patient gone sour. She won't eat. She won't look where the missing leg was. I've been by to see her several times and each time she has refused to see me. "Please. Some other time." She smiles politely. I stand in the doorway. I never know quite why I persist when I do. Maybe it's because I like her. I like her smile, even though it's there to keep me away. It's diplomatic but not phony. She strikes me as warm and wise and considerate. "The nurses are worried
A Multicenter Evaluation of Blood Glucose Awareness Training-II
Authors: Daniel Cox, Linda Gonder-Frederick, William Polonsky, David Schlundt, Diana Julian, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Blood glucose awareness training (BGAT) teaches individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes to more accurately estimate/detect their blood glucose (BG) fluctuations. It has not, however, consistently resulted in improved ability to detect low BG. To assess an enhanced version of BGAT (BGAT-II), with more focus on increasing sensitivity to low BG events, a multicenter study was undertaken. Following up on previous findings that BGAT is most effective with individuals who are least accurate in estimating BG, this study explicitly recruited subjects who did and did not report reduced awareness of hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy-eight subjects from three research sites participated in a repeated baseline design. Subjects' BG estimation accuracy and BG profiles were assessed 6 months before, immediately before, and immediately after BGAT-II. RESULTS Post-treatment, BGAT-II led to better overall accuracy in detecting BG fluctuations and better detection of both low and high BG levels. This was achieved while the number of low readings of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was reduced. Reduction in the number of low SMBG events was significant only for subjects reporting awareness of hypoglycemia. Detection of low BG was significant only for subjects reporting reduced awareness of hypoglycemia. Both groups demonstrated equivalent improvements in detection of high BG levels. CONCLUSIONS BGAT may be an eﬀective behavioral strategy for reversing hypoglycemic unawareness and an adjunct to intensive insulin therapy to reduce the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia.
CArG elements control smooth muscle subtype–specific expression of smooth muscle myosin in vivo
Authors: Ichiro Manabe, Gary K. Owens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) is tightly controlled depending on the differentiated state of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To better understand the mechanisms that regulate transcription of the SM-MHC gene in vivo, we tested the function of several conserved CArG elements contained within the –4200 to +11600 region of this gene that we had previously shown to drive SMC-specific expression in transgenic mice. CArG1 in the 5′-flanking sequence was required for all SMCs, while CArG2 and a novel intronic CArG element were differentially required in SMC subtypes. Of particular note, mutation of the intronic CArG selectively abolished expression in large arteries. A promoter construct containing three repeats of a conserved 227-bp intronic CArG-containing region was sufficient to direct transcription in vascular SMCs in transgenic mice, although this construct was also expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. These results support a model in which transcriptional regulation of SM-MHC is controlled by multiple positive and negative modular control regions that differ between SMCs and non-SMCs and among SMC subtypes. We also demonstrated that the CArG elements of the endogenous SM-MHC gene were bound by SRF in chromatin.