tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different Effects of Carvedilol, Metoprolol, and Propranolol on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Coronary Stenosis or After Permanent Coronary Occlusion in Rats
Authors: Hiroyuki Yaoita, Atsushi Sakabe, Kazuhira Maehara, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Although carvedilol attenuates left ventricular (LV) remodeling in coronary occlusion-reperfusion, it is not known whether it attenuates ischemic LV remodeling because of coronary stenosis (CS) or permanent coronary occlusion (CO). Methods and Results — We administered a vehicle, carvedilol, propranolol (2, 10, and 30 mg/kg per day, each), metoprolol (6, 30, and 90 mg/kg per day), or bunazosin (0.2 and 1 mg/kg per day), orally for 12 weeks to a total of 608 rats with CS or CO. In these groups and the sham (n=40), we assessed LV function by echocardiography, CS severity, myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve, serum ascorbyl free radical, and vitamin C. Both CS and CO increased LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and decreased ejection fraction. The 4 agents failed to attenuate LV remodeling caused by CO. In contrast, the 3 β-blockers attenuated ( P &lt;0.01) or tended to attenuate the increase in LV end-diastolic diameters caused by CS. With similar blood pressure and heart rate lowering by 3 β-blockers, carvedilol additionally attenuated the increase in end-systolic diameters and improved ejection fraction. The CS reduced myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve, which was reversed by carvedilol without modifying the CS severity. Among the 4 agents, only carvedilol decreased ascorbyl free radical and increased vitamin C. Conclusions — The effects of β blockade on ischemic cardiac dysfunction seem to depend on the different properties of the β-blockers and the doses used. Among the β-blockers tested, carvedilol provided potent cardioprotection for compromised ischemic but viable myocardium rather than for infarcted myocardium.
Prophylaxis of tetanus.
Authors: R K Sanders
Journal: BMJ (1979)

in water and ethanol, insoluble in chloroform and ether, stable at pH 6 8, and moderately stable to heat.'He also consulted a number of colleagues in 1929 and subsequently about how to proceed with extraction.Two of them, Stuart Craddock and Frederick Ridley, evaporated extracts in vacuo without success.Fleming then consulted several chemists independently, including Harold King, head of the Medical Research Council's laboratory at Hampstead, who told me later that they "had not been able to do much work on penicillin."Harold Raistrick, professor of biochemistry at the London School of Hygiene, worked harder on the problem collaboratively with R Lovell and P W Clutterbuck, but they were equally unsuccessful.2I have in my possession a bottle of dried yellow pigment purified by Raistrick from the crude brew in 1930 and given to me later by one of his assistants.When tested many years ago it contained none of the stable degradation products of penicillin.From 1932 onward, there are no records of further attempts to extract any active principles from the penicillin mould or the crude brew.In retrospect, it is very surprising that bacteriologists of the time ignored his findings, for filtrates of crude brew killed staphylococci and other organisms at dilutions of 1600, were non-toxic to leucocytes, and apparently eliminated sensitive organisms from burns, wounds, and ocular and other localised infections.3Until 1936 Fleming continued to draw attention to these unique properties but no one in the domestic research councils or pharmaceutical industry, or internationally, evinced any interest.4My reading of the record' and my acquaintance (later) with Fleming himself leave me convinced that he did not surrender easily to Wright or anyone else, but that he was by 1936 at his wit's end.So he followed the only course open to an honest scientist by describing his findings in a manner which left open the track, accurately, for the subsequent discovery of the active principle at Oxford a few years later by Chain, Florey, and their colleagues.
Responses to exercise in experimental hypertension
Authors: T. BAUM, A. T. SHROPSHIRE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stressful stimuli and behavioural hyperexcitability have been observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The present series of experiments examined blood pressure and heart rate responses of SHR and renal hypertensive rats (RHR) to a combined physical and mental stress in the form of treadmill exercise. SHRs exhibited only slight and selective hyper-responsiveness to exercise in regard to increases in heart rate, whereas, RHRs responded normally. The excessive sensitivity of 'older' SHRs is related mainly to slightly lower resting heart rates.
Acute Otitis Media in Children Younger Than 2 Years
Authors: Alejandro Hoberman, Aino Ruohola, Nader Shaikh, Paula A. Tähtinen, Jack L. Paradise
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Results | The established i2b2 platform retrieved deidentified information for 68 patients in Preventive Cardiology prescribed atorvastatin among the approximately 1800 patients seen during the 2-year search period.After reidentification and EHR review, 14 patients (21%) were found to be no longer taking atorvastatin.We completed targeted telephone calls and mailouts by December 6, 2012, approximately 1 week after the FDA notification.Among patients reached by telephone, only 36% (10 of 28) had heard about the recall from media reports or other sources.Overall, the team of physicians, a nurse practitioner, and a nurse reported that patients and their families were grateful for the notification.None of the families contacted or seen in follow-up in the subsequent 2 months were found to be taking the affected lots and none had inappropriately discontinued their medication because of the recall.Discussion | The utility of informatics tools to facilitate and target the response to drug recalls is underrecognized.This approach has been successfully adopted in retail; for example, Costco Wholesale Corporation uses their vast customer purchasing records and demographic profiles to contact customers of retail recalls. 5 The FDA notices and news reports had not reached most of our patients, as the majority of identified patients were unaware of the recall 1 month after the initial news reports.Our patients were grateful for the additional information, consistent with previous reports that patients seek out information after recall notices. 6There were no unwarranted medication discontinuations, which may have been sustained by proactive discussions with patients about the recall.We report the improved efficiencies and quality of care benefit of the i2b2 informatics platform in managing a voluntary drug recall in a special population.We encourage any local or national drug and device recall strategy to incorporate the EHR and further develop integrated informatics tools.
SECOND BIRTH WITH SPINA BIFIDA
Authors: T. E. Horner
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —M.D., Illinois, inquires as to the possibility of a second birth with spina bifida in the same mother. From the literature available it seems to be a rare occurrence and I assured a mother that she need not worry over a second spina bifida.  The following case explains my predicament:  Mrs. H. G., aged 28, American, with family history negative, except that the husband has a large nevus vasculosus on the side of the head, was never seriously ill. She had one child, now 8 years of age, normal. There was transverse laceration of the cervix, with slight erosion. The uterus and adnexa were normal. Both husband and wife gave negative Wassermann reactions.  July 23, 1924, she was delivered at term of a baby with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. The baby lived thirty minutes.  April 28, 1926, she was delivered at term of a baby with spina
Quantitative assessment of T cell repertoire recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jeroen W J van Heijst, Izaskun Ceberio, Lauren B Lipuma, Dane W Samilo, Gloria D Wasilewski, Anne Marie R Gonzales, Jimmy L Nieves, Marcel R M van den Brink, Miguel A Perales, Eric G Pamer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Ethics and Professionalism: What Does a Resident Need to Learn?
Authors: Susan Dorr Goold, David T. Stern
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

Training in ethics and professionalism is a fundamental component of residency education, yet there is little empirical information to guide curricula. The objective of this study is to describe empirically derived ethics objectives for ethics and professionalism training for multiple specialties. Study design is a thematic analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups conducted in a setting of an academic medical center, Veterans Administration, and community hospital training more than 1000 residents. Participants were 84 informants in 13 specialties including residents, program directors, faculty, practicing physicians, and ethics committees. Thematic analysis identified commonalities across informants and specialties. Resident and nonresident informants identified consent, interprofessional relationships, family interactions, communication skills, and end-of-life care as essential components of training. Nonresidents also emphasized formal ethics instruction, resource allocation, and self-monitoring, whereas residents emphasized the learning environment and resident-attending interactions. Conclusions are that empirically derived learning needs for ethics and professionalism included many topics, such as informed consent and resource allocation, relevant for most specialties, providing opportunities for shared curricula and resources.
Serial Assessment of Liquefaction Necrosis of Mitral Annular Calcification by Echocardiography and Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Naoyuki Yokoyama, Kumiko Konno, Shigeru Suzuki, Takaaki Isshiki
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A n asymptomatic 54-year-old man, who had been on hemodialysis for 11 years because of chronic renal failure caused by chronic glomerulonephritis, was observed in our hospital.In November 2002, an aortic valve replacement was performed because of severe aortic stenosis.Preoperative echocardiography demonstrated mitral annular calcification (MAC) at the base of the posterior mitral annulus (Figure ,A).Computed tomography of the heart also identified the MAC (Figure ,B).In November 2004, follow-up echocardiography revealed enlargement of the MAC, which was detected as a spherical dense echogenic calcified mass (36ϫ21 mm) with a central echolucent area (Figure ,C).Trivial mitral regurgitation was observed.Electrocardiographic gated cardiac multislice computed tomography confirmed that the mass had a high density but also contained a low-density area that was thought to be soft tissue (Figure, D).Multislice computed tomography coronary angiography showed that the mass had no feeding artery.These findings suggested that this mass was a liquefaction necrosis of the DisclosuresNone.
T cell receptor V gene usage of islet beta cell-reactive T cells is not restricted in non-obese diabetic mice.
Authors: N Nakano, H Kikutani, H Nishimoto, T Kishimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Five islet-reactive T cell clones were established from islet-infiltrating T cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. All clones expressed CD4, but not CD8, and responded to islet cells from various strains of mice in the context of I-ANOD. They could induce insulitis when transferred into disease-resistant I-E+ transgenic NOD mice. The T cell receptor (TCR) sequences utilized by the clones were determined. Their usage of TCR V and J segments was not restricted but was rather diverse. One of the clones utilized V beta 16. The expression of V beta 16 was significantly reduced in I-E+ transgenic NOD, suggesting the possibility that the islet-reactive T cell clone expressing V beta 16 may be deleted or inactivated by I-E molecules. This clone might be one of the candidates that triggers insulitis.
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis and Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: John P. Nagle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

BROCK demonstrated in 1957 that muscular hypertrophy can obstruct the outflow tract of the left ventricle during systole.<sup>1</sup>During the past decade, numerous reports have helped to clarify the symptoms, signs, and hemodynamic phenomena that characterize the idiopathic form of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Bacterial endocarditis has so rarely occurred in association with this entity that the following case is reported. Acute endocarditis developed in an otherwise normal aortic valve in a patient with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old man was well until 1957 when he began experiencing exertional dyspnea and angina pectoris. In early 1958, a cardiac murmur was detected and an electrocardiogram showed QS deformity in V<sub>1-3</sub>and left ventricular hypertrophy. Catheterization of the right side of the heart demonstrated normal findings, and the initial impression was arteriosclerotic heart disease and mitral insufficiency. In 1961, digitalis administration was begun because of increasing
Does Bigger Mean Better? British Perspectives on American Cancer Treatment and Research, 1948
Authors: Elizabeth Toon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

In the summer of 1948, a delegation representing the British Empire Cancer Campaign (BECC) toured North American cancer treatment and research facilities, and reported their observations back to their organization's executive board. This historical article contextualizes the British delegation's observations of US treatment and research, and discusses what the delegation made of the United States' new, "bigger" approaches to cancer surgery and chemotherapeutic research. I argue that the BECC delegation used their observations of US practice to reinforce a positive sense of British distinctiveness, thus reassuring themselves and their colleagues that Britain could still be a leader in the increasingly international field we now call oncology.
High-Throughput Tissue Microarray Analysis Used to Evaluate Biology and Prognostic Significance of the E-Cadherin Pathway in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: R. M. Bremnes, R. Veve, E. Gabrielson, F. R. Hirsch, A. Baron, L. Bemis, R. M. Gemmill, H. A. Drabkin, W. A. Franklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: E-cadherin (E-cad) and its associated intracellular molecules, catenins, are critical for intercellular epithelial adhesion and are often expressed in non–small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). We constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) to investigate the expression of cadherins and catenins and their prognostic significance in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue samples from 193 patients with stages I to III NSCLC were obtained from the University of Colorado Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Viable tumor was sampled in triplicate for the TMAs, and slides were stained by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against E-cad, N-cadherin, alpha (α)-, beta (β)-, and gamma (γ)-catenin, p120, p27, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene product. Clinical data were collected by the tumor registries. Patients were followed for a median period of 51 months (range, 18 to 100 months). RESULTS: Absent or severely reduced membranous expression for E-cad, α-, β-, and γ-catenin, and p120 were observed in 10%, 17%, 8%, 31%, and 61% of the cases, respectively. Tumor cell dedifferentiation correlated with reduced expression for E-cad, β-catenin, γ-catenin, and p120 in squamous cell carcinomas but not in adenocarcinomas. There was an inverse correlation between nodal metastasis and expression of E-cad and γ-catenin. Besides the traditional clinical prognostic variables, E-cad and α-, β-, and γ-catenin expression were of positive prognostic value in univariate survival analyses. In multivariate analysis, E-cad expression was the only independent prognostic factor for survival in addition to age, node status, tumor status, and pathologic surgical margins. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of E-cad and catenins is associated with tumor cell dedifferentiation, local invasion, regional metastasis, and reduced survival in NSCLC. E-cad is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC survival.
Prevalence of elevated ALT values, HBsAg, and anti-HCV in the primary care setting and evaluation of guideline defined hepatitis risk scenarios
Authors: Ingmar Wolffram, David Petroff, Olaf Bätz, Katrin Jedrysiak, Jan Kramer, Hannelore Tenckhoff, Thomas Berg, Johannes Wiegand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Cyclic Nucleotides Modulate Genioglossus and Hypoglossal Responses to Excitatory Inputs in Rats
Authors: Cynthia R. A. Aoki, Hattie Liu, Gregory P. Downey, Jane Mitchell, Richard L. Horner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Previous studies modulating pharyngeal muscle activity with pharmacologic approaches have targeted membrane receptors on pharyngeal motoneurons. Whether modulation of intracellular pathways can increase pharyngeal muscle activity, however, has not been investigated but is relevant to pharmacologic treatments of obstructive sleep apnea.To determine if modulating the second messenger cyclic adenosine-3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) will increase genioglossus activity across sleep- wake states.Forty-eight rats were implanted with electroencephalogram and neck electrodes to record sleep-wake states and genioglossus and diaphragm electrodes for respiratory muscle recordings. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the HMN to perfuse artificial cerebrospinal fluid and (1) forskolin (500 microM, adenylyl cyclase activator to increase cAMP), (2) a cAMP analog (500 microM), (3) iso-butyl-methylxanthine (IBMX; 300 microM, phosphodiesterase inhibitor), or (4) a cyclic guanosine-3'-5'-monophosphate (cGMP) analog (500 microM, 8-Br-cGMP).Forskolin and the cAMP analog at the HMN increased respiratory-related and tonic genioglossus activities in wakefulness and non-REM sleep but not REM sleep. IBMX did not affect genioglossus activity in awake or sleeping rats. However, IBMX abolished the robust excitatory responses to serotonin and phenylephrine at the HMN, but responses to non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation remained. These effects of IBMX were mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP.Genioglossus responses to manipulation of cAMP at the HMN are differentially modulated by sleep-wake state. Selective abolition of serotonin and phenylephrine responses after IBMX suggests that under conditions of nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibition the HMN is unresponsive to certain, otherwise potent, excitatory inputs. Similar responses with 8-Br-cGMP suggest this effect is likely mediated by cGMP pathways.
The cellular inflammatory response in nicotinate skin reactions
Authors: J.S.C. ENGLISH, R.K. WINKELMANN, J.B. LOUBACK, M.W. GREAVES, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article The cellular inflammatory response in nicotinate skin reactions Get access J.S.C. ENGLISH, J.S.C. ENGLISH St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H7BJ Dr J.S.C.English, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.K. WINKELMANN, R.K. WINKELMANN St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.B. LOUBACK, J.B. LOUBACK Laboratory of Applied Dermatopathology, Guy's Hospital, London SE6 9RT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES, M.W. GREAVES St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2H7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. MACDONALD D.M. MACDONALD Laboratory of Applied Dermatopathology, Guy's Hospital, London SE6 9RT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 3, 1 March 1987, Pages 341–349, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05848.x Published: 01 March 1987
Accessory pathway and atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia in elderly patients: Clinical features, electrophysiologic characteristics and results of radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Shih-Ann Chen, Chern-En Chiang, Chin-Juey Yang, Chen-Chuan Cheng, Tsu-Juey Wu, Shih-Pu Wang, Benjamin N. Chiang, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Ascitic fluid from human ovarian cancer patients contains growth factors necessary for intraperitoneal growth of human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells.
Authors: G B Mills, C May, M Hill, S Campbell, P Shaw, A Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Human ovarian cancer, the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, tends to remain localized to the peritoneal cavity until late in the disease. In established disease, ascitic fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity. We have previously demonstrated that this ascitic fluid is a potent source of in vitro mitogenic activity including at least one unique growth factor. We now report that the human ovarian adenocarcinoma line, HEY, can be induced to grow intraperitoneally in immunodeficient nude mice in the presence (23/28 mice), but not absence (0/21 mice) of ascitic fluid from ovarian cancer patients. Ascitic fluid from patients with benign disease did not have similar effects on intraperitoneal growth of HEY cells (1/15 mice). Once tumors were established by injections of exogenous ascitic fluid, they could progress in the absence of additional injections of ascitic fluid. The mice eventually developed ascitic fluid which contained potent growth factor activity, suggesting that the tumors eventually produced autologous growth factors. This nude mouse model provides a system to study the action of ovarian cancer growth factors on tumor growth in vivo and to evaluate preclinically, therapeutic approaches designed to counteract the activity of these growth factors.
Peripheral nerve regeneration using silicone rubber chambers filled with collagen, laminin and fibronectin
Authors: Yueh-Sheng Chen, Ching-Liang Hsieh, Chin-Chuan Tsai, Ter-Hsin Chen, Wen-Chiang Cheng, Cheng-Li Hu, Chun-Hsu Yao
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
What Are the Benefits and Risks of Fitting Patients with Radiofrequency Identification Devices?
Authors: Mark Levine, Ben Adida, Kenneth Mandl, Isaac Kohane, John Halamka
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

In 2004, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a radiofrequency identification (RFID) device that is implanted under the skin of the upper arm of patients and that stores the patient's medical identifier. When a scanner is passed over the device, the identifier is displayed on the screen of an RFID reader. An authorized health professional can then use the identifier to access the patient's clinical information, which is stored in a separate, secure database. Such RFID devices may have many medical benefits--such as expediting identification of patients and retrieval of their medical records. But critics of the technology have raised several concerns, including the risk of the patient's identifying information being used for nonmedical purposes.