tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved tumor localization with increasing dose of indium-111-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody ZCE-025 in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Y Z Patt, L M Lamki, T P Haynie, M W Unger, M G Rosenblum, A Shirkhoda, J L Murray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) react with human colorectal cancer cells, and when labeled with a gamma-emitting radioisotope, may help to localize known and occult metastatic disease. We tested ZCE-025 (Hybritech, Inc, San Diego), a high-affinity immune gamma globulin1 (IgG1) MoAb anti-CEA that does not react with normal granulocyte glycoproteins in a phase I/II trial to determine the reagent's toxicity and its maximum efficacy in detecting metastatic colorectal cancer. Increasing doses of unlabeled ZCE-025 were mixed with 1 mg of Indium-111 (111In)-radiolabeled MoAb and administered intravenously (IV) to 34 patients who had metastatic colorectal cancer. Planar nuclear or single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scans were performed 48 to 72 and 120 to 144 hours later. Total dose of MoAb and scanning sensitivity (number of imaged lesions/number of known lesions) were correlated up to 80 mg. At doses of 2.5 to 20 mg, a mean of 22% of the lesions were imaged; at 40 mg, 77% were imaged (P less than .01). Liver metastases were detected as areas of increased activity ("hot") at the 40 mg dose but showed decreased MoAb uptake at lower doses. At the 40 mg dose normal liver parenchymal uptake of the labeled MoAb was lower with respect to blood pool compared with the other doses. At 80 mg, however, sensitivity of detection declined to 21%. One milligram of 111In-labeled ZCE-025 antibody coinfused with 39 mg of unlabeled antibody appeared optimal for detecting metastatic colorectal cancer, particularly in the liver. Although the exact mechanism(s) for this dose effect is currently unknown, a partial "blocking" effect of unlabeled antibody with a change in MoAb biodistribution may be occurring.
Jonathan Hutchinson—The Eponyms Physician
Authors: Mohammed Alsaidan, Brian J. Simmons, Fleta N. Bray, Leyre A. Falto-Aizpurua, Robert Denison Griffith, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Jonathan Hutchinson was born in Selby, England, in 1828. He is well known for the eponymous terms named after him and his catchy descriptive terms thatwere accurate andwell-remembered, for instance, the “apple jelly” for lupus vulgaris, the “screwdriver” for central incisor peg teeth, and the “ground glass” for cornea of congenital syphilis. He believed that illustrations were a necessary adjunct of clinical observations.He employed an artist to visit thewards andpaint pictures of skin lesions, and later he built amuseum for his collection of drawings, illustrations,andwaxmodels forpathologicalanddermatologicalconditions. Hutchinson was a surgeon, dermatologist, ophthalmologist, and pathologist. Of note, his interest in pathology was influenced by James Paget. His research on syphilis started after observing severe disease of the skull bones in a young man whose mother had had syphilis. After extensive research, his first book Syphilitic Diseases of Ears and Eye was published in 1863. He named syphilis “the great imitator” and described the triad of hereditary syphilis, which was later named “Hutchinson’s Triad.” The list of the eponymous terms named after Hutchinson is long. It includes Hutchinson sign, Hutchinson teeth, Hutchinson freckle, Hutchinson disease, Hutchinson mask, Hutchinson patch, Hutchinson angina, Hutchinson facies, Hutchinson pupil, Hutchinson summer prurigo, Hutchinson syndrome, HutchinsonWeber-Peutz syndrome, and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria. Hutchinson medical bibliography has almost 1200 items. He wrote every single word in the 11 volumes of Archives of Surgery, published between 1889 and 1900. He also published 4 volumes of Lectures in Clinical Surgery; the first volume had 20 chapters on dermatology. Hutchinsonhadpeculiar ideas.Hebelieved that leprosywas caused byeatingbadlycured fish.HetraveledtoNorway,Egypt, theMiddleEast, and India togathermaterials in supportofhishypothesis.AlthoughHansen had discovered the leprosy bacillus in 1874, Hutchinson published his last book On Leprosy and Fish Eating in 1906 justifying his beliefs. He also believed that alopecia areatawas amodified ringworm, or a sequela of ringworm, even though all his microscopic examinations were negative for fungal infection. Although hewas opposedwomen to entering themedical profession, he lovedhiswifewithdeepaffection and wrote letters to her almost daily in periods of separation. He saw the person who had the disease first; thus, he would label new disease conditions with the patient’s name. Examples are Mabey malady, Penmann disease, Mortimer malady, and Branford legs. Hutchinson died in Haslemere, Surrey, England in 1913. On his tombstone was inscribed “A Man of Hope and Forward Looking Mind.” Hutchinson’scontributions tomedicineandthefieldofdermatologycontinue tomake an important impact on the recognition and diagnosis of disease.
Abstract 114: Cytokine Response to Diet and Exercise Affects Atheromatous Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Activity in Mice
Authors: Dong-Eog Kim
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Objective: To identify the principal circulating factors that modulate atheromatous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in response to diet and exercise. Methods and Results: Apolipoprotein-E knock-out mice (n=56) with preexisting plaque, fed either Western diet (WD) or normal diet (ND), underwent either 10-week treadmill exercise or not. In vivo atheromatous MMP activity was visualized using molecular imaging with an MMP-2/9 activatable near-infrared-fluorescent probe. We measured atherosclerosis-related cytokines, lipid levels, visceral fat, and correlated these outcome measures to atheromatous MMP activity. Body weight, visceral fat, and plaque size were all higher in WD-fed animals than in ND-fed animals. Exercise training did not significantly affect these parameters in either WD-fed animals or ND-fed animals. However, atheromatous MMP activity was different: ND animals with and without exercise had similar low MMP activities, WD animals without exercise had high MMP activity, and WD animals with exercise had reduced levels of MMP activity, close to the levels of ND animals. Factor analysis and path analysis showed that soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 was directly positively related to atheromatous MMP activity. Adiponectin was indirectly negatively related to atheromatous MMP activity by way of sVCAM-1. Resistin was indirectly positively related to atheromatous MMP activity by way of sVCAM-1. In addition, visceral fat amount was indirectly positively associated with atheromatous MMP activity, by way of adiponectin reduction and resistin elevation. Conclusion: Diet and exercise affects atheromatous MMP activity by modulating the systemic inflammatory milieu, with sVCAM-1, resistin, and adiponectin closely interacting with each other and with visceral fat.
Respiratory endoscopy activity in the Catalan National Health Service
Authors: Antoni Rosell, Alejandra Lopez, Elena Torrente, Ricard Tresseras, Alex Guarga, Joan Escarrabill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Bronchoscopic procedures (BP) are the most widely used invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. This study aims to document the use of basic and advanced BP techniques in Catalonia (Spain).

Method: An electronic survey was sent to pulmonologists in 44 acute care hospitals in Catalonia (7.5M inhab). The two main questions asked were: 1. The number of pulmonologists performing BP in 2012 and 2. The number of basic and advanced techniques used, including conventional and cryo transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), Autofluorescence Bronchoscopy (AFB) & Narrow Band Imaging (NBI), and therapeutic procedures like rigid bronchoscopy, stenting, thermal ablation or brachitherapy amongst others.

Results: 36 hospitals performed 16 222 BP in 2012 (213.7 / 100 000 inhab). 77% were performed in Barcelona metropolitan area. Number of BP per hospital ranged from 20 to 1818/yr. 20 hospitals performed less than 250 BP/yr and 10 less than 100 BP/yr. Advanced bronchoscopic techniques were performed in 23% of sites. There was a significant relationship between total number of procedures and % of advanced bronchosocopic techniques (p = 0.05). TBLB and TBNA were performed in 1.289 cases (8% of all BP). AFB and NBI were performed in 583 cases (3.6% of all BP). 734 EBUS (4,5% of all BP) were performed in 9 hospitals. Less than 5% of pulmonologists performed more than 60% of BP.

Conclusions: Bronchoscopic procedures are widely performed in the Catalonia, but with significant variation between centres (27.7% of hospitals perform less than 100 BP/year) and low regular dedication (40% of all procedures are performed by 95% of the pulmonologists).
ERYTHEMA GYRATUM REPENS.
Authors: J. THOMSON, L. STANKLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Summary— The case histories of 2 patients with erythema gyratum repens (E.G.R.) are presented. In common with all previous reports, both were found to have a hitherto unsuspected underlying neoplasm, one having an adenocarcinoma of the bladder and the other a prostatic carcinoma. It is suggested that a simple and useful diagnostic aid in the differentiation of E.G.R. from other figurate erythemas, is to outline the lesions and observe them daily.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily (OD) fluticasone furoate (FF) in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma
Authors: Ashley Woodcock, Jan Lötvall, Eugene R. Bleecker, William W. Busse, Paul M. O'Byrne, Eric D. Bateman, Sally Stone, Anna Ellsworth, Loretta Jacques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: FF OD is effective in asthma patients (pts) uncontrolled by low-dose ICS (100mcg, 200mcg) or mid-dose ICS (200mcg).

Objective: To assess efficacy/safety of two strengths of FF in pts (aged ≥12 years) with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma uncontrolled on a total daily dose of FP >250–1000mcg (or equivalent).

Methods: Randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, descriptive (no formal inference was planned) study (N=219; ITT) of FF 100mcg or FF 200mcg OD in the PM via dry powder inhaler for 24 weeks. Endpoints (all Δ baseline [BL]): primary – trough (pre-bronch.) FEV1; secondary/other – %rescue-free 24-h periods (%RF), PM/AM PEF, %symptom-free 24-h periods (%SF), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores. Safety: AEs, 24-h urine cortisol (UC) excretion, laboratory tests.

Results: Data are for FF 100, FF 200. FF increased trough FEV1 (208mL, 284mL), %RF (21.3, 23.1), PM PEF (5.9L/min, 7.2L/min), AM PEF (13.4L/min, 13.2L/min), %SF (17.5, 19.6), ACT score (4.5, 4.9) and %pts ACT score ≥20 (53%, 59%). See Figure for treatment differences. AE profile was broadly similar across groups, except treatment-related AEs (<1%, 5%). No clinically relevant Δ 24-h UC (ratio vs BL: 1.15, 1.09) or laboratory tests.

Conclusions: Relative to baseline, FF showed consistent improvements in efficacy (often numerically greater with FF 200mcg) and no safety concerns.

Funded by GSK (FFA114496;[NCT01431950][1]).

![Figure][2]  [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01431950&atom=%2Ferj%2F42%2FSuppl_57%2FP3398.atom
 [2]: pending:yes
Effect of Exogenous Interferon Treatment on Mouse Mammary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul E. Came, Dan H. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The effect of treatment with interferon (IF) preparations on tumor development in Rill and C57BL mice was evaluated. A significant retardation in appearance of tumors occurred when IF was given to young Rill mice (6 weeks old), but a diminution of the effect was observed if IF was given when the mice were 22 weeks old. When the milk from Rill mice treated early in life was examined for mammary tumor virus antigen by immunodiffusion, no reduction in incidence was observed though a significant delay in tumorigenesis resulted. When IF treatment was delayed until late in the life of C57BL mice, no protection was observed.
Phase II study of vinorelbine in advanced and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Authors: M Morris, K R Brader, C Levenback, T W Burke, E N Atkinson, W R Scott, D M Gershenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of intravenous vinorelbine as single-agent chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 1993 and July 1995, 35 patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were entered onto this study. Patients had received no prior therapeutic chemotherapy. The initial dose of vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 was administered as a weekly intravenous infusion. Subsequent doses were unchanged, reduced, escalated, or omitted according to observed toxicity. Patients were evaluated for response and toxicity using standard Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) and World Health Organization criteria, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-three of 35 patients were assessable for response and 35 of 35 for toxicity. The overall response rate was 18% (one complete response [CR], five partial responses [PR]). The mean response duration was 5.2 months and the median survival from treatment for all patients was 11.0 months. The major toxicity was leukopenia, with 61% of patients who had grade 3 or 4. Gastrointestinal and neurotoxicity were infrequent and mild. CONCLUSION Vinorelbine has moderate activity in advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Further studies of combination regimens with this agent are justified in this patient population.
Colony Formation &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; by Myelomonocytic Leukemic Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Donald Metcalf, Malcolm A. S. Moore, Noel L. Warner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Neoplastic cells from BALB/c mice with transplanted myelo-monocytic leukemia (WEHI-3) proliferated in vitro in semisolid agar cultures to form hematopoietic colonies. These colonies resembled normal in vitro hematopoietic colonies in gross morphology, growth patterns, and cell content. Chromosome analysis of colony cells and transplantation of individual colonies to BALB/c recipients confirmed that colonies were composed of tumor cells. Unlike colony formation by normal hematopoietic cells, colony growth by tumor cells was not dependent on the presence of the “colony-stimulating factor” (CSF), but colony numbers and growth rates were increased by the addition of the CSF. Serum levels of CSF were elevated in BALB/c mice carrying transplanted myelomonocytic leukemic cells. The myelomonocytic leukemic cells appear to be in a conditioned state with respect to the CSF and offer an ideal system for comparative studies on normal and neoplastic hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In mixed cultures, myelomonocytic leukemic cells stimulated granulocytic colony formation in vitro by normal bone marrow cells; this property was not seen in lymphoid leukemic, erythroleukemic, or plasma cell tumor cells in similar mixed cultures.
A Preliminary Report on the Role of Lay Counselling amongst Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: D Godber, J F Mayberry
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

A team of lay counsellors was trained by the Nottingham Counselling Centre to provide advice to members of the East Midlands branch of the National Association for Colitis and Crohn's Disease. Initial contact was by telephone and the results of the first 25 client/counsellor discussions are presented. Twenty enquiries were made directly by the patient and 5 by a relative of the patient. All but two of the patients were women. The median age of the patients was 52 years with a median duration of symptoms of 3 years. A failure of communication between the patient and other people underlay most of the problems discussed. Eighteen people welcomed the opportunity simply to talk; in 10 cases there was little rapport with their own doctor and in 8 cases people felt too embarrassed to discuss their problems with friends or relatives. This sense of isolation had been anticipated by counsellors from their own experience and may be a substantial, but as yet unrecognized problem amongst many patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Public Health Aspects of Ophthalmic Disease: Introduction
Authors: A Sommer
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1996)

Visually disabling diseases are particularly topical as we grapple with new ways to deliver health services, recognize the imperative of functional status and its impact on quality of life, and seek new opportunities for prevention. It is also timely. Rigorous population-based studies in the U.S. and elsewhere are, for the first time, revealing the magnitude, causes, and impact of disabling ocular disease. The impacts of visual impairment and blindness were emphasized by the World Bank's landmark publication, World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health (26). It introduced the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) as a basis for quantifying the global burden of disease and the relative costeffectiveness of alternative interventions. The most cost-effective is $1 per DALY gained from vitamin A distribution to prevent blindness. In the United States and other developed countries, a considerable proportion of visual impairment can be corrected with appropriate spectacles. Blindness, at either the U S . (20/200 or worse) or WHO (worse than 20/400) definitions, inevitably represents established pathology (23). Prevalence rates of blindness increase with age, particularly among the elderly (9,23), secondary to a small number of chronic degenerative conditions: cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), primary open angle glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (15). Blindness rates among nursing home patients are 15 times as common as among age-matched noninstitutionalized subjects (21). Cataract, an entirely remedial condition, is paradoxically the commonest single cause of blindness around the world, from India, Nepal, and Cairo, to East Baltimore (13). It accounts for roughly half the 40 million blind people in the world. Cataract surgery, almost inevitably combined (in wealthy countries) with implantation of an intraocular lens, is extraordinarily safe and highly effective, providing complete rehabilitation. It led the movement to safe, costeffective outpatient surgery that has dramatically reduced costs per case, com-
Prior Dietary Protein Intake and DNA-Binding 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene Metabolites Formed by Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: K W Singletary, J A Milner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Hepatocytes were isolated from noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats previously fed diets containing 7.5 or 15% protein. These hepatocytes were incubated in the presence of exogenous DNA for examination of their ability to metabolize 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [(DMBA) CAS: 57-97-6] and release reactive DNA-binding metabolites to the medium. An increased formation of extracellular water-soluble metabolites of DMBA was observed in hepatocyte cultures from rats fed a 15% protein diet compared with that in cells from rats fed 7.5% protein. As dietary protein increased, there was a reduction in the release of DNA-binding metabolites by isolated hepatocytes. Bay-region dihydrodiol-epoxide adducts were formed with extracellular calf thymus DNA and hepatic DNA. However, most of the binding of DMBA with extracellular and intracellular DNA was due to unidentified DMBA-DNA adducts that eluted, upon reversed-phase chromatography, after the bay-region dihydrodiol-epoxide DMBA adducts were formed. The present studies show that feeding animals diets that are limiting in protein results in a decrease in DMBA detoxification and an increase in excretion of reactive DMBA metabolites from the liver. These results may explain the previously observed influence of dietary protein on the initiation of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.
Different trends of health-related quality of life in asthma and COPD
Authors: Jukka Koskela, Henna Kupiainen, Witold Mazur, Ari Lindqvist, Vuokko Kinnula, Janne Pitkäniemi, Tarja Laitinen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: The prognosis of COPD and asthma, even though frequently overlapping, differ markedly in adult population. In general COPD is progressive, the major contributors include ongoing smoking combined with dyspnoea and disease exacerbations. In the management of COPD and asthma, monitoring of FEV1 alone does not adequately identify the high-risk patients. In this study we aimed to define the potential value of repeated measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in these two diseases.

Materials and methods: Patients with asthma (N=1198) or COPD (N=601) had been recruited from two University Hospitals in Finland. Since year 2005 their HRQoL had been assessed at time points 0, 1, 2 and 4 years from the recruitment by using the 15D questionnaire validated in several chronic diseases. The variation of HRQoL between the patient groups was modelled by using mixed effects models.

Results: The average trend of HRQoL separated the groups (p = 0.00003) from each other (-0.005/year for COPD, -0.001/year for asthmatics). The measures of the asthma patients developed positively or negatively regardless of their baseline 15D score, whereas those of the COPD patients tended to develop only negatively when their baseline 15D score was harmed to the level of < 0.75 (full HRQoL = 1.0). The 15D score declined more significantly in patients who died during the follow-up period (p = 0.007). The average trends in HRQoL were not different between males and females neither for the asthmatics (p = 0.8) nor for the COPD-patients (p = 0.4).

Conclusions: HRQoL trend could serve as a valid and cost-efficient tool to identify patients who display deviant development of the disease and needs to be further investigated.