tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress in Liver Disease. Vol. 1
Authors: F. W. Hoffbauer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The editors have blended the contributions of 38 well-informed investigators into an authoritative survey of recent advances toward a better understanding of many types of liver disease. The material presented will interest physicians and surgeons who deal with hepatic and biliary tract disorders. Three of the 24 chapters are concerned with special diagnostic procedures such as cholangiography, splenoportography, and peritoneoscopy. Four are concerned with the recent advances in the management of coma, bleeding varices, and ascites formation. New developments in our knowledge of metabolic pathways, bile formation, bilirubin transport, dye extraction, and so forth, are discussed by investigators currently engaged in research in these areas. It is gratifying to note further clarification and agreement on the terminology and classification of cirrhosis. This is evident in the chapters prepared by pathologists. The contributors to this volume include individuals from this continent as well as France, Germany, Australia, Argentina, and Japan. Their
Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women
Authors: Simine Vazire, Laura P. Naumann, Peter J. Rentfrow, Samuel D. Gosling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We present evidence that smiling is positively associated with positive affect in women and negatively associated with negative affect in men. In line with Vigil's model, we propose that, in women, smiling signals warmth (trustworthiness cues), which attracts fewer and more intimate relationships, whereas in men, smiling signals confidence and lack of self-doubt (capacity cues), which attracts numerous, less-intimate relationships.
The Eradication of Smallpox From India
Authors: Swailem S. Hennein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<i>The Eradication of Smallpox From India</i>is the celebration of a remarkable event in medical and public health history, written by three officers who took an active part in the Indian smallpox eradication campaigns. The book is a cautious empirical analysis, mainly of the Intensified Campaign of 1973 to 1975 and the Fever-With-Rash Outbreak Surveillance that followed it. Occupying the greater part of the text are detailed reports with figures on the planning, administration, staffing, reporting, and evaluation of every aspect of the campaign, with an addendum on financing, "Unusual Episodes," a summary, and a bibliography. In spite of some redundancy, the record is fascinating, written in a language suitable for both the scientist and layman. It is surprising, however, that the authors were not more candid in telling the story. After reading the book, one is left with the feeling that something has been glossed over or left out.
Drug-Associated Blood Dyscrasias
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PURPOSE of the Registry on Blood Dyscrasias is: ( 1 ) to alert physicians to the potential hematopoietic toxicity of new drugs; (2) to remind physicians of the potential toxicity of other drugs; and (3) to serve as a reference for physicians who are investigating patients suspected of having drug-induced blood dyscrasias.  The Council on Drugs recommended establishment of the Registry in 1953. After a preliminary attempt and a pilot study, it was placed on a permanent basis in 1957. Since 1959, a systematic attempt has been made to include reports abstracted from the foreign literature, in addition to those received from other sources. Cumulative tabulations of all reports have been made semi-annually since 1957, and are distributed to interested individuals and institutions. For the past 2 years, separate resumes based on these tabulations have been prepared to indicate trends and point out drugs added to the Registry during the preceding
Russia fails to ban drinking in public despite soaring alcoholism
Authors: Andrew Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An unprecedented drive to curb the post-Soviet boom in drinking on Russia's streets—a move designed to stamp out soaring levels of child alcoholism—has been unexpectedly derailed.

Beer is regarded as a soft drink by many Russians, and the country's brewers have enjoyed huge success since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with beer supplanting vodka as the tipple of …
HANDLING OF THE ST. LOUIS EPIDEMIC OF ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: JOSEPH F. BREDECK
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The handling of the St. Louis epidemic of encephalitis presented a novel situation, as we were dealing with an entirely new disease not observed previously in this country. Because of this fact we had to devise our own plans and could not rely on any precedent or previous experience. No originality or anything startling is claimed in this presentation. We maintain only that the situation was promptly recognized and accepted and rational public health measures were introduced immediately. An adequate organization was set up in the shortest possible time and the health division took and maintained the leadership in all phases of the emergency. As soon as the first few cases were diagnosed at the St. Louis Isolation Hospital, it was evident that we were dealing with an unusual kind of encephalitis suddenly appearing in epidemic form. Although less than twenty cases were hospitalized at the time and all of
Risk of serious haematological toxicity with use of chloramphenicol eye drops in a British general practice database
Authors: T. Lancaster, A. M. Swart, H. Jick
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An editorial in the BMJ recommended discontinuation of the routine use of chloramphenicol eye drops largely on the basis of case reports suggesting an association between their use and serious haematological toxicity, particularly aplastic anaemia. 1 Although this recommendation has been challenged, the debate has not been informed by reliable estimates of the size of any risk. 2 Around 400 general practices in the United Kingdom contribute anonymised data to the general practice research database.They record prescriptions and diagnoses from consultations and hospital letters.Use of the data for drug safety studies is well validated. 3 In particular, previous studies have shown that it can be used reliably to detect associations between drug exposure and haematological toxicity. 4We used the database to describe prescribing patterns of chloramphenicol eye drops and to estimate the risk of aplastic anaemia after their use.
Abstract 15: Phosphorylation defective mutant Bcl-xL knockin mice exhibit behavioral abnormalities linked with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Aruna Basu, Gemma Casadesus, Tina Grisham, Yinhuai Chen, Subrata Haldar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Bcl-xL, a close homolog of Bcl2, is an important regulator of apoptosis and is overexpressed in many human cancers including neuroblastoma. Previously we have discovered that the regulation of phosphorylation of Bcl-xL on serine 62 residue by tubulin-binding anticancer drugs at mitosis may function as a checkpoint to permit apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the physiological significance of Bcl-xL phosphorylation still remains obscure. With a view to comprehending the functional relevance of Bcl-xL phosphorylation in vivo, we have generated knock-in mice expressing an unphosphorylable ser62 (equivalent to human ser62), by substitution with an alanine residue. Thus placing the phosphorylation-defective mutant of Bcl-xL into the germ line of mice creates opportunities to observe the effects of endogenous phosphorylation in the context of multicellular organisms. Since Bcl-xL has been shown to be maintained at high level in CNS, initially a full behavioral phenotyping battery was carried out with wild type (WT) and Bcl-xLS62A(+/+) mice. Born at Mendelian ratios, the Bcl-xLS62A(+/+) mice demonstrated reduced startle response and reduced PPI (Prepulse inhibition) at lower PPI amplitudes compared to WT mice. Moreover, cognitive deficits were noted in the passive avoidance task between Bcl-xLS62A(+/+) mice and WT littermates. These data indicate that mutation in the phosphorylation site of Bcl-xL drive a range of functional abnormalities and many of the observed behavioral abnormalities in Bcl-xLS62A(+/+) mice are consistent with neurodevelopmental disorders. In all, our findings suggest that endogenous phosphorylation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL might play a critical role in neurodevelopment and subsequent CNS functional output. Further molecular analysis on the effect of blocking of endogenous phosphorylation of Bcl-xL on neuronal apoptosis will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 15. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-15
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atria Eliminates Pacing-Induced Sustained Atrial Fibrillation and Reduces Connexin 43 in Dogs
Authors: Arif Elvan, Xiao-di Huang, Milton L. Pressler, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We assessed the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of the atrial epicardium on pacing-induced sustained atrial fibrillation (AF) and the expression and distribution of the intercellular gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in dogs. Methods and Results In 12 mongrel dogs, after creation of complete AV block and implantation of a ventricular inhibited pacemaker, a high-rate pulse generator (20 to 30 Hz to induce AF) was implanted in the neck, connected to a right atrial endocardial pacing lead, and used to pace the atrium for 10 to 14 weeks. In group 1 (n=9 dogs), corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT), P-wave duration, 24-hour Holter ECG, maximal heart rate (MHR) in response to isoproterenol, and intrinsic heart rate (IHR) after atropine (0.04 mg/kg) and propranolol were measured before and after atrial pacing and RFCA. Group 2 dogs were used to assess the effect of chronic AF alone on Cx43 expression and distribution. All group 1 dogs developed sustained (&gt;24 hours) AF. Right-sided RFCA of the atria eliminated the sustained AF in 5 dogs, but both right and left atrial RFCA was required to abolish sustained AF in the other 4 dogs. After RFCA restored sinus rhythm, CSNRT and P-wave duration were prolonged and MHR and IHR were decreased. Chronic rapid atrial pacing (group 2) increased the expression of Cx43, which was absent in ablated areas and markedly depressed in viable atrial myocytes near the ablation zones (group 1). Conclusions Rapid atrial pacing for long time periods induced sustained AF that can be eliminated by linear right and left atrial lesions created with RFCA, with preservation of sinus rhythm and atrial contractile function. Chronic AF increased the expression and distribution of gap junction protein Cx43, which became reduced in ablated and nearby nonablated areas.
Phase la/lb Chemo-Radiation Trial of Gemcitabine and Dose-Escalated Thoracic Radiation in Patients with Stage III A/B Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: A William Blackstock, Coty Ho, Jerome Butler, June Fletcher-Steede, L Douglas Case, William Hinson, Antonius A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Increased levels of anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies are associated with reduced levels of cholesterol in the general population
Authors: F.J. Tinahones, J.M. G[oacute]mez-Zumaquero, G. Rojo-Mart[iacute]nez, F. Cardona, I.Esteva de Antonio, M.S.Ruiz de Adana, F.J. Soriguer
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
<i>De novo</i> Discovery of a γ-Secretase Inhibitor Response Signature Using a Novel <i>In vivo</i> Breast Tumor Model
Authors: James W. Watters, Chun Cheng, Pradip K. Majumder, Ruojie Wang, Sireesha Yalavarthi, Carol Meeske, Lingxin Kong, Wenping Sun, Jie Lin, Joerg Heyer, Chris Ware, Christopher Winter, John F. Reilly, Tim Demuth, Steve Clark, M. Isabel Chiu, Murray O. Robinson, Nancy Kohl, Karuppiah Kannan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Notch pathway signaling plays a fundamental role in normal biological processes and is frequently deregulated in many cancers. Although several hypotheses regarding cancer subpopulations most likely to respond to therapies targeting the Notch pathway have been proposed, clinical utility of these predictive markers has not been shown. To understand the molecular basis of gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) sensitivity in breast cancer, we undertook an unbiased, de novo responder identification study using a novel genetically engineered in vivo breast cancer model. We show that tumors arising from this model are heterogeneous on the levels of gene expression, histopathology, growth rate, expression of Notch pathway markers, and response to GSI treatment. In addition, GSI treatment of this model was associated with inhibition of Hes1 and proliferation markers, indicating that GSI treatment inhibits Notch signaling. We then identified a pretreatment gene expression signature comprising 768 genes that is significantly associated with in vivo GSI efficacy across 99 tumor lines. Pathway analysis showed that the GSI responder signature is enriched for Notch pathway components and inflammation/immune-related genes. These data show the power of this novel in vivo model system for the discovery of biomarkers predictive of response to targeted therapies, and provide a basis for the identification of human breast cancers most likely to be sensitive to GSI treatment.
Screening for early familial ovarian cancer with transvaginal ultrasonography and colour blood flow imaging.
Authors: T H Bourne, S Campbell, K M Reynolds, M I Whitehead, J Hampson, P Royston, T J Crayford, W P Collins
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To assess the value of transvaginal ultrasonography with colour blood flow imaging in detecting early ovarian cancer in women with a family history of the disease.Study of self referred symptomless women with a close relative who had developed the disease. Each woman was screened to detect persistent lesions and defined changes in ovarian volume. Morphological score and pulsatility index were recorded.Ovarian screening clinic.1601 self referred women.Women with a positive screening result were recommended to have further investigations.Findings at surgery and histology of abnormal ovaries. Morphological score > or = 5 and pulsatility index < 1.0 at last scan.Women were aged 17 to 79 (mean 47) years; 959 (60%) were premenopausal, 469 (29%) were naturally postmenopausal, and 173 (11%) had had a hysterectomy. 157 women had a pedigree suggestive of the site specific ovarian cancer syndrome and 288 of multiple site cancers. 61 women had a positive screening result (3.8%, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 4.9%), six of whom had primary ovarian cancer detected at surgery (five stage Ia, one stage III). Use of a high morphological score or a low pulsatility index increased the odds of finding ovarian cancer from 1:9 to about 2:5 (1:1 in the highest risk groups). Five interval cancers were reported (three ovarian and two peritoneal). Eight of the 11 cancers developed in women with pedigrees suggestive of inherited cancer.Transvaginal ultrasonography with colour flow imaging can effectively detect early ovarian cancer in women with a family history of the disease. The screening interval should be less than two years.
Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Jeffrey S. Heier, W. Lloyd Clark, David S. Boyer, David M. Brown, Robert Vitti, Alyson J. Berliner, Husain Kazmi, Yu Ma, Brigitte Stemper, Oliver Zeitz, Rupert Sandbrink, Julia A. Haller
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Mechanisms underlying the monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent killing of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> asexual blood stages
Authors: Hasnaa Bouharoun-Tayoun, Claude Oeuvray, Françoise Lunel, Pierre Druilhe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

The relevance of the antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) of Plasmodium falciparum to clinical protection has been previously established by in vitro studies of material obtained during passive transfer of protection by immunoglobulin G in humans. We here report further in vitro investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying this ADCI effect. Results obtained so far suggest that (a) merozoite uptake by monocytes (MN) as well as by polymorphonuclear cells has little influence on the course of parasitemia; (b) the ADCI effect is mediated by a soluble factor released by MN; (c) this or these factors are able to block the division of surrounding intraerythrocytic parasites at the one nucleus stage; (d) the critical triggering antigen(s) targeted by effective Abs would appear to be associated with the surface of merozoites, as opposed to that of infected red blood cells; (e) the MN receptor for Abs effective in ADCI is apparently Fc gamma RII, and not RI; (f) MN function is up- and down-regulated by interferon-gamma and interleukin 4, respectively; and (g) of several potential mediators released by MN, only tumor necrosis factor (TNF) proved of relevance. The involvement of TNF in defense may explain the recently described increased frequency of the TNF-2 high-expression promoter in individuals living in endemic regions despite its compromising role in severe malaria.
Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells in liver cancer: Current concepts and clinical implications
Authors: J.U. Marquardt, V.M. Factor, S.S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

The two dominant models of carcinogenesis postulate stochastic (clonal evolution) or hierarchic organization of tumor (cancer stem cell model). According to the latter, at the germinal center of tumor evolution is a cancer stem cell (CSC) which, similar to normal adult stem cells, possesses the capacity of self-renewal and a differentiation potential. Over the past few years, compelling evidence has emerged in support of the hierarchic cancer model for many solid tumors including hepatocellular cancers. The CSCs are posited to be responsible not only for tumor initiation but also for the generation of distant metastasis and relapse after therapy. These characteristics are particularly relevant for a multi-resistant tumor entity like human hepatocellular carcinoma and may herald a paradigm shift in the management of this deadly disease. Identification and detailed characterization of liver CSCs is therefore imperative for improving prevention approaches, enhancing early detection, and extending the limited treatment options. Despite the current progress in understanding the contribution of CSCs to the generation of heterogeneity of tumors, the molecular complexity and exact regulation of CSCs is poorly understood. This review focuses on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate and define the unique CSC properties with an emphasis on key regulatory pathways of liver CSCs and their clinical significance.
IgA and C3 complement in the uninvolved skin in dermatitis herpetiformis after gluten withdrawal
Authors: LIONEL FRY, G. HAFFENDEN, F. WOJNAROWSKA, B. R. THOMPSON, P. P. SEAH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

IgA deposits in the skin in 53 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have been studied in relation to treatment. In 19 patients the disorder was controlled by a gluten-freen diet (GFD) alone, in 13 patients by dapsone and GFD and in 18 by dapsone alone. In 3 patients the skin disorder became insignificant and required no treatment. Of the patients taking a GFD alone, six had been clear of skin lesions for 7 years, 5 for 3--5 years, and 8 for periods of 6 months--3 years. IgA deposits were found in all patients in an initial biopsy in a second biopsy after treatment for periods varying from 1 to 7 years. There was no difference in the quantity of IgA, as assessed by the amount of fluorescence, whether patients were controlled with a GFD alone, GFD and dapsone, dapsone alone, or in those in clinical remission. The C3 component of complement was present in the skin in 3 of the 19 patients (16%) controlled by a GFD alone, 6 of the 13 patients (46%) of those controlled by a GFD and dapsone, and in 12 of 18 (66%) of the patients taking dapsone alone, and in one of the patients in clinical remission.
Liver transplant for viral hepatitis
Authors: A. Smedile, A. Marzano, P. Farci, E. Chiaberge, M. Abate, A. Ottobrelli, M.R. Brunetto, F. Rosina, M. Durazzo, G. Verme, F. Bonino, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Abnormal Chemokine-Induced Responses of Immature and Mature Hematopoietic Cells from Motheaten Mice Implicate the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp-1 in Chemokine Responses
Authors: Chang H. Kim, Cheng-Kui Qu, Giao Hangoc, Scott Cooper, Naoyuki Anzai, Gen-Sheng Feng, Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Chemokines regulate a number of biological processes, including trafficking of diverse leukocytes and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. SHP-1 (Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 1), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, is considered an important regulator of signaling for a number of cytokine receptors. Since specific tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins is important for biological activities induced by chemokines, we examined the role of SHP-1 in functions of chemokines using viable motheaten (mev/mev) mice that were deficient in SHP-1. Chemotactic responses to stromal call–derived factor 1 (SDF-1), a CXC chemokine, were enhanced with bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells as well as macrophages, T cells, and B cells from mev/mev versus wild-type (+/+) mice. SDF-1–dependent actin polymerization and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases were also greater in mev/mev versus +/+ cells. In contrast, immature subsets of mev/mev bone marrow myeloid progenitors were resistant to effects of a number of chemokines that suppressed proliferation of +/+ progenitors. These altered chemokine responses did not appear to be due to enhanced expression of CXCR4 or lack of chemokine receptor expression. However, expression of some chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CXCR2) was significantly enhanced in mev/mev T cells. Our results implicate SHP-1 involvement in a number of different chemokine-induced biological activities.
Training standards for physicians performing peripheral angioplasty and other percutaneous peripheral vascular interventions. A statement for health professionals from the Special Writing Group of the Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, and Clinical Cardiology, the American Heart Association.
Authors: D C Levin, G J Becker, G Dorros, J Goldstone, S B King, J M Seeger, J B Spies, J A Spittell, L Wexler
Journal: Circulation (1992)
Prevalence of food allergy and intolerance in the adult Dutch population
Authors: Jeannette J. Niestijl Jansen, Alwine F.M. Kardinaal, Geertje Huijbers, Berber J. Vlieg-Boerstra, Ben P.M. Martens, Theo Ockhuizen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Notes on Tumours
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1868)

It will be noticed that in none of these cases is there unquestionable proof of the absorption of altogether dead bone.The increase of the ruddy blush shining through the sequestrum may be in any such case the result of increased vascularity, subjacent to an originally thin seques- trum.But, in the previously described case, the proof was completed by perforation and diminution in superficial area of the exfoliation.In all four cases, permanganate of potash happened to be the only application used.