tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of guidelines in determining medical negligence
Authors: Kailash C Mohanty
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This week in the BMJ for the paper by Walsh et al are offered the conclusion that investment in intermediate care in community hospitals may be more cost effective than financing nurse led care for post-acute patients in acute hospitals. 1 2But the study itself, which confirms existing evidence on the costs of nurse led intermediate care in acute settings, 3 4 tackles neither the effect nor the cost of intermediate care in community hospitals.How then can such a conclusion be drawn?Walsh et al do not make this assertion.The author of the comment offers no support.Our own review of the evidence on nurse led intermediate care found no quality evidence for either the effect or cost of intermediate care in community settings. 5 The BMJ has been at the forefront of setting standards for the reporting of primary research.However, the editors must be aware that many readers simply pick up a take home message from comment, like this, 1 in the journal.
Mitral stenosis obscuring the diagnosis of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy and familial pulmonary hypertension
Authors: D. Langleben
Journal: Thorax (2000)

A patient who died after surgery for critical mitral stenosis was found to have underlying unrecognised plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy and familial pulmonary hypertension. The importance of recognising familial pulmonary hypertension is discussed, together with the contribution of genetic and other risk factors to plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy.
Effects of <i>in vitro</i> treatment with fluticasone propionate on natural killer and lymphokine‐induced killer activity in asthmatic and healthy individuals
Authors: G. Di Lorenzo, M. Esposito Pellitteri, A. Drago, P. Di Blasi, G. Candore, C. Balistreri, F. Listì, C. Caruso
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Topical corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of allergic respiratory disorders; they exert effects on a number of cells involved in allergic inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐unrestricted cytotoxicity (i.e., natural killer [NK] cell activity) may play a role in the inflammatory allergic reaction. The objective was to gain insight into the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of fluticasone propionate (FP), an inhaled corticosteroid used in asthma and rhinitis therapy. Therefore, we evaluated the NK and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity of effector cells in vitro treated or not with FP. Methods: Evaluations were made on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), obtained from healthy volunteers ( n =10) and from asthmatic atopic subjects ( n =10) with allergy to Parietaria . Results: Asthmatic patients had significantly increased NK activity ( P =0.0008), and interleukin (IL)‐2‐ ( P =0.0005) and interferon (IFN)‐α‐induced LAK activities ( P =0.0005). In both groups, FP 10 −7 M significantly reduced NK activity ( P &lt;0.0001), IL‐2‐induced LAK activity ( P &lt;0.0001), and IFN‐α‐induced LAK activity ( P &lt;0.0001). Similar results were obtained with FP 10 −8 M. Conclusions: Since MHC‐unrestricted cytotoxicity has been implicated in the development of allergen‐induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, inhibition of NK and LAK activity by FP may contribute to the steroid therapeutic effect in asthma.
Cardiac Device Infective Endocarditis and Patient Survival
Authors: Xingli Wu, Dingyou Yang
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of sirolimus in liver transplant recipients with renal insufficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sumeet K. Asrani, Michael D. Leise, Colin P. West, Hassan M. Murad, Rachel A. Pedersen, Patricia J. Erwin, Jianmin Tian, Russell H. Wiesner, Ray W. Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Sirolimus is used in patients with renal insufficiency after liver transplantation (LT) and especially in those with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-associated nephrotoxicity. We conducted a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials and observational studies to test the hypothesis that the use of sirolimus is associated with an improvement in renal function at 1 year in LT recipients with renal insufficiency [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/minute or creatinine level ≥ 1.5 mg/dL]. We performed a search of all major databases, conference proceedings, and relevant journals through December 2009 and contacted content experts, corresponding authors, and the pharmaceutical manufacturer. A random effects model was used to determine the pooled estimate of the change in renal function and pooled risk estimates of adverse events that may be associated with sirolimus-based therapy at 1 year. Eleven studies (three randomized controlled trials and eight observational studies) met the final inclusion criteria. A nonsignificant improvement of 3.38 mL/minute [95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.93 to 9.69] was observed in methodologically sound observational studies and controlled trials reporting the primary outcome. In controlled trials, baseline GFR >50 mL/min sirolimus use was associated with an improvement of 10.35 mL/minute (95% CI = 3.98-16.77) in GFR or creatinine clearance. Sirolimus was not significantly associated with death [relative risk (RR) = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.66-1.88] or graft failure (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.45-1.41), although reporting was incomplete. It was associated with a statistically significant risk of infection (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.14-5.36), rash (RR = 7.57, 95% CI = 1.75-32.70), ulcers (RR = 7.44, 95% CI = 2.03-27.28), and discontinuation of therapy (RR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.32-9.89). Conversion to sirolimus from CNIs is associated with a nonsignificant improvement in renal function in LT recipients with renal insufficiency, although the results are limited by heterogeneity, a risk of bias, and a lack of standardized reporting.
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in childhood (Sweet's syndrome)
Authors: P. COLLINS, SARAH ROGERS, P. KEENAN, MARY McCABE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in childhood. Our patient suffered from repeated fevers, chest infections and had characteristic erythematous plaques. The severity of his illness increased with age and warranted oral steroid treatment. We review 16 cases reported to date in the literature and comment on the management and prognosis of the disease in childhood.
Practical Neuro-Oncology: A Guide to Patient Care
Authors: Amy A. Pruitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 March 2002Practical Neuro-Oncology: A Guide to Patient CareAmy A. Pruitt, MDAmy A. Pruitt, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail McAllister LD, Ward JH, Schulman SF, DeAngelis LM. 316 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. $39.99. ISBN 0750671807. Order phone 800-366-2665.Field of medicine: Neurology and oncology.Format: Softcover book.Audience: General neurologists, primary care physicians, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, neurosurgeons, and nursing or hospice personnel.Purpose: To provide a concise handbook of basic diagnosis and treatment of primary and metastatic central nervous system tumors and common clinical problems encountered by all physicians caring for patients with these tumors.Content: The first part summarizes the types of primary brain tumors of the central nervous system, including genetic syndromes and risk factors. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 6Page: 492KeywordsBrainCentral nervous systemNeurosurgeryPain managementPatientsPituitary tumorsPrimary care physiciansSoftware toolsSpinal cordUrinary tract infections ePublished: 19 March 2002 Issue Published: 19 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Different subsets of primary chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells engraft immunodeficient mice and produce a model of the human disease
Authors: W Eisterer, X Jiang, O Christ, H Glimm, K H Lee, E Pang, K Lambie, G Shaw, T L Holyoake, A L Petzer, C Auewarakul, M J Barnett, C J Eaves, A C Eaves
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Germline mutations in ETV6 are associated with thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and predisposition to lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Leila Noetzli, Richard W Lo, Alisa B Lee-Sherick, Michael Callaghan, Patrizia Noris, Anna Savoia, Madhvi Rajpurkar, Kenneth Jones, Katherine Gowan, Carlo L Balduini, Alessandro Pecci, Chiara Gnan, Daniela De Rocco, Michael Doubek, Ling Li, Lily Lu, Richard Leung, Carolina Landolt-Marticorena, Stephen Hunger, Paula Heller, Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann, Liang Xiayuan, Fred G Pluthero, Jesse W Rowley, Andrew S Weyrich, Walter H A Kahr, Christopher C Porter, Jorge Di Paola
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
A piece of my mind. Until the peppers
Authors: B. Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema Caused by Homozygous Inheritance of Non-Expressing Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Genes
Authors: Robert I. Garver, Jean-Francois Mornex, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Mark Brantly, Michael Courtney, Jean-Pierre LeCocq, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

EMPHYSEMA is a chronic disorder of the lower respiratory tract characterized by enlargement of the air space distal to the terminal bronchioles resulting from destruction of the alveolar walls.1 , 2 In the United States and Europe, approximately 2 percent of cases of emphysema are associated with a hereditary deficiency of α1-antitrypsin,3 4 5 6 a 52-kd glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes and, to a lesser extent, mononuclear phagocytes.7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The single gene coding for α1-antitrypsin is contained within a 10-kb segment of DNA composed of five exons on chromosome 14.18–20 The two parental alleles are codominantly expressed, and the α1-antitrypsin . . .
The Nature of the Collagen in Hepatic Fibrosis in Advanced Murine Schistosomiasis
Authors: Catherine H. Wu, Marie-Adele Giambrone, David J. Howard, Marcos Rojkind, George Y. Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Livers from CF 1 mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni , 50 cercariae each, were examined 8 weeks postinfection. The collagen content of the livers was increased about 18–fold over that for normal control animals. Quantitation of the collagen types in pepsin–solubilized collagen showed a change in the ratio of Type I to Type III from 2:1 in normal mice to 1:1 in the fibrotic animals. The change in ratio resulted from a very large accumulation of Type III collagen and, accordingly, may provide an important model for study of the possible reversibility of fibrotic lesion.
Effect of Free Radical Scavengers on Diaphragmatic Contractility in Septic Peritonitis
Authors: NAOYUKI FUJIMURA, SHINZOH SUMITA, MAKO AIMONO, YOSHIKI MASUDA, YASUO SHICHINOHE, EICHI NARIMATSU, AKIYOSHI NAMIKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We investigated the effects of polyethylene glycol–adsorbed superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), polyethylene glycol–adsorbed catalase (PEG-CAT), and DMSO on diaphragmatic contractility and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in septic peritonitis in vitro. One hundred eighty-six rats were divided into two groups. One group (CLP group) was treated with cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), and the other (sham group) was treated with laparotomy. PEG-SOD, PEG-CAT, and DMSO were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before and 12 h after CLP. The left hemidiaphragm was removed at 10 h or 16 h after the operation. We assessed the diaphragmatic contractility by twitch characteristics and force– frequency curves in vitro. We measured MDA concentrations, as an index of oxygen-derived free radical–mediated lipid peroxidation, and the activities of two main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as an index of antioxidant defenses, after CLP. Diaphragmatic force generation capacity was significantly reduced after CLP. Diaphragmatic MDA levels were significantly elevated after CLP. PEG-SOD, PEG-CAT, and DMSO significantly improved diaphragmatic contractility and prevented the elevation in diaphragmatic MDA concentrations after CLP. Diaphragmatic SOD activities were significantly increased after CLP. These results suggest that several types of oxygen-derived free radicals play a role in the reduction in diaphragmatic contractility after CLP.
Decreased <i>S</i> -Nitrosylation of Tissue Transglutaminase Contributes to Age-Related Increases in Vascular Stiffness
Authors: Lakshmi Santhanam, Eric C. Tuday, Alanah K. Webb, Phillip Dowzicky, Jae Hyung Kim, Young Jun Oh, Gautam Sikka, Maggie Kuo, Marc K. Halushka, Anne M. Macgregor, Jessilyn Dunn, Sarah Gutbrod, David Yin, Artin Shoukas, Daniel Nyhan, Nicholas A. Flavahan, Alexey M. Belkin, Dan E. Berkowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : Although an age-related decrease in NO bioavailability contributes to vascular stiffness, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We hypothesize that NO constrains the activity of the matrix crosslinking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2) via S -nitrosylation in young vessels, a process that is reversed in aging. Objective : We sought to determine whether endothelium-dependent NO regulates TG2 activity by S -nitrosylation and whether this contributes to age-related vascular stiffness. Methods and Results : We first demonstrate that NO suppresses activity and increases S -nitrosylation of TG2 in cellular models. Next, we show that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition leads to increased surface and extracellular matrix–associated TG2. We then demonstrate that endothelium-derived bioactive NO primarily mediates its effects through TG2, using TG2 −/− mice chronically treated with the NOS inhibitor l - N G -nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). We confirm that TG2 activity is modulated by endothelium-derived bioactive NO in young rat aorta. In aging rat aorta, although TG2 expression remains unaltered, its activity increases and S -nitrosylation decreases. Furthermore, TG2 inhibition decreases vascular stiffness in aging rats. Finally, TG2 activity and matrix crosslinks are augmented with age in human aorta, whereas abundance remains unchanged. Conclusions : Decreased S -nitrosylation of TG2 and increased TG activity lead to enhanced matrix crosslinking and contribute to vascular stiffening in aging. TG2 appears to be the member of the transglutaminase family primarily contributing to this phenotype. Inhibition of TG2 could thus represent a therapeutic target for age-associated vascular stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension.
The Jester's Jailbird
Authors: Jason David Eubanks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Ad Libitum4 December 2007The Jester's JailbirdJason David Eubanks, MDJason David Eubanks, MDFrom Willoughby Hills, OH 44904.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ab ovo,I see him in the handsOf a smiling clownWho blows up the bodyInto a four foot longHotdog-shaped balloonThat the jester's white-gloved fingersSkillfully twist and turn,Pretzel-like,Into the dogs, cats and birdsOf other formsTo bring this—A young boyWith stiff, contracted limbs,Functionless feet,A serpentine spine,And an inarticulate mouthThat slaversOnto a bibHis years long should have forgotten,And yet will always require,Until his silent salivations run dryAnd the encephalopath is emancipated,Not by any untwisting of mine,But in turning of the final keyThat sets this captive birdFluttering, free.Jason David Eubanks, MDWilloughby Hills, OH 44904 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Willoughby Hills, OH 44904.Current Author Address: Jason David Eubanks, MD, 36901 Beech Hills Drive, Willoughby Hills, OH 44094. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 820KeywordsMouthSalivationSpine ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A dual long‐term effect of breastfeeding on atopy in relation to heredity in children at 4 years of age
Authors: M. Siltanen, M. Kajosaari, T. Poussa, K.M. Saarinen, E. Savilahti
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: The long‐term effect of early feeding on atopic sensitization is still unsolved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effect of breastfeeding on atopy in groups of 4‐year‐old children stratified by atopic heredity. Methods: We collected four groups of 4‐year‐old children from a birth cohort: two groups with differing backgrounds of atopic heredity, all exclusively breast‐fed for at least 3 months; and two groups with differing atopic heredity, but all fed with cow's milk‐based formula during their first weeks. The data were collected with a questionnaire, skin prick testing, and measurement of serum total and allergen‐specific IgE levels. Results: Breastfeeding significantly decreased the risk of allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis [odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.95] and sensitization to furred pets, as measured by skin prick results, in children with atopic heredity, whereas in children without atopic heredity, breastfeeding was related to an increased risk of symptomatic atopy (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.16–5.70), and high serum IgE values. A significant interaction was found between heredity and breastfeeding. Conclusions: The long‐term effect of breastfeeding was dual: in children with atopic heredity, breastfeeding protected against atopy, whereas in children without atopic heredity, it increased the risk of atopy.
Late Brain Recovery Processes after Drug Overdose
Authors: I. Haider, I. Oswald
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Though recovery of consciousness after drug overdose may occur within a day or two, the drug itself may not finally leave the brain for another one to three weeks, and at this late time a withdrawal syndrome can occur, with insomnia, restlessness, raised paradoxical (R.E.M.) sleep, epileptic phenomena, and even delirium. It is proposed that a high degree of drug-tolerance and dependence can be rapidly acquired after overdose.Abnormal sleep features of 10 patients resolved only slowly over a period of up to two months after overdose. The data support the view that R.E.M. sleep is concerned with processes of brain repair.
Demonstration of duck hepatitis B virus in bile duct epithelial cells: Implications for pathogenesis and persistent infection
Authors: A J Nicoll, P W Angus, S T Chou, C A Luscombe, R A Smallwood, S A Locarnini
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been demonstrated in bile duct epithelial cells (BDEC) during chronic infection. The persistence of virus in BDEC may play an important role in disease pathogenesis, and may be at least partly responsible for the relapse phenomenon observed in antiviral treatments using nucleoside analogues. The aims of this study were to examine the morphological changes within the liver in the duck hepatitis B model following bile duct ligation (BDL), and to assess the effect of biliary hyperplasia upon viral DNA and proteins. Seven–day–old ducklings, congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), were subject to BDL. The pathological and virological changes were then followed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after ligation. All results were compared with age–matched unligated control birds congenitally infected with DHBV. To assess the early morphological changes, additional animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days post–BDL. The proportion of DHBV–infected BDEC, was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. BDL induced rapid biliary hyperplasia, with a doubling time for BDEC of 1.3 days. The proliferated BDEC displayed immunohistochemical features identical to resting BDEC. More than 50% of BDEC in unligated controls, and more than 46% of proliferated BDEC in ligated animals were positive for DHBV DNA and structural proteins. The intensity of immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization signal in the BDEC was consistently greater than that of the hepatocytes, both before and after BDL. BDL induces biliary hyperplasia in the duck model, and BDEC division does not reduce the viral burden in infected cells.