tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Robert McAlpine Rae
Authors: J. Leask
Journal: BMJ (2002)

General practitioner Campbeltown, Argyll (b Glasgow 1944; q Glasgow 1980; BSc, PhD), died suddenly on 6 June 2002.

Bob first qualified in pharmacology, did his PhD on neurogenic control of arteries, and worked with Organon Laboratories before entering medicine. He joined the Campbeltown practice in 1988. Bob had an interest in all gadgets and a natural ability with computer systems. He organised one of the first teleradiology links from rural practice to a major accident and emergency department for instant assessment of x ray films. Bob had a passion for cars and held a pilot's licence. He leaves a wife, Grace; and two daughters.
The Patient With Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Terry K. Satterwhite, Herbert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1976)

DIARRHEAL illness is one of the most common disorders of man. In most instances, enteric infection is self-limiting, but in some cases, appropriate specific therapy can shorten the illness, and in a smaller number, similar treatment may be lifesaving. This algorithm is one current approach to the management of acute diarrhea. <h3>Hospitalization vs Outpatient Management</h3> Whether the patient should be hospitalized or treated as an outpatient depends on a number of factors, including the nature of the underlying disease and the age of the patient as well as the degree of systemic toxicity, fever, and state of hydration. The following criteria usually should be followed in selecting those patients who should be admitted to the hospital: (1) the very young or elderly with severe diarrhea or (2) patients of any age with diarrhea and pronounced systemic toxemia, hyperpyrexia, or dehydration. While hospitalized, the patient's condition can be closely monitored and
Factors Associated With Risk for Colorectal Cancer Recurrence After Endoscopic Resection of T1 Tumors
Authors: Shinji Yoshii, Masanori Nojima, Katsuhiko Nosho, Saori Omori, Takaya Kusumi, Hiroyuki Okuda, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Masahiro Fujita, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Masao Hosokawa
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Letter by Usui et al Regarding Article, “Inhibition of Interleukin-1β Decreases Aneurysm Formation and Progression in a Novel Model of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm”
Authors: Fumitake Usui, Motoi Kobayashi, Masafumi Takahashi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Johnston et al 1 in which the authors developed a novel murine model of thoracic aortic aneurysm and showed that the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) decreased thoracic aortic aneurysm formation.Using an established model of murine abdominal aortic aneurysm, we recently investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome, which regulates IL-1β production and leads to inflammation, in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.In addition, we demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to vascular inflammation and subsequent abdominal aortic aneurysm development. 2ecent evidence indicates that a new innate immune pathway known as NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in sterile inflammatory diseases such as gout, pseudogout, asbestosis, silicosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein
Upregulation of the Nitric Oxide–cGMP Pathway in Aged Myocardium
Authors: Susan J. Zieman, Gary Gerstenblith, Edward G. Lakatta, Gisele O. Rosas, Koenraad Vandegaer, Kelly M. Ricker, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Cardiovascular aging is associated with decreased endothelial vasoreactivity and prolonged diastolic relaxation. As diminished NO signaling contributes to age-associated endothelial dysfunction, we tested the hypothesis that impaired NO signaling or bioactivity also contributes to slowed ventricular relaxation with age. Accordingly, we measured myocardial NO synthase (NOS) enzyme activity, protein abundance, and cGMP production in old (22 to 25 months) and young adult (4 to 7 months) male Wistar rats. Both NOS3 protein abundance and calcium-dependent NOS activity were elevated in old compared with young adult hearts (7.2±1.1 versus 4.2±0.6 pmol/mg protein, respectively, P =0.03). However, NOS activity and protein abundance were similar in isolated myocytes, indicating that endothelial NOS likely explains the age difference. Cardiac effluent cGMP (enzyme immunoassay) was 4.8-fold higher (1794±373 fmol/min per mg heart tissue) in older versus younger hearts ( P =0.003). To assess NO pathway responsiveness, we administered the NOS substrate l-arginine (100 μm) to isolated perfused rat hearts. Baseline isovolumic relaxation (τ) was prolonged in old (42.9±2.5 ms, n=16) versus young hearts (36.0±1.9 ms, n=11, P =0.03). l-Arginine decreased τ ( P &lt;0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in both old and young hearts. Supporting an NO/cGMP-mediating mechanism, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside reduced τ (maximal effect, −14±2%, n=5, P &lt;0.001), and this lusitropic effect was attenuated by the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1 H -[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3,- a ]quinoxalin-1-one (n=7, P &lt;0.001). Thus, the NO-cGMP pathway is upregulated in the endothelial cells of aged hearts. l-Arginine, the NOS precursor, enhances ventricular relaxation in old and young hearts, indicating that the NOS pathway may be exploited to modulate diastolic function in aged myocardium.
Genital Uptake in Renal Transplant Scintigraphy
Authors: KOTTEKKATTU BALAN, RAM KUMAR, CHARLOTTE CASH, NICK BIRD, T. C. SEE, RAAJKUMAR PRASEEDOM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Although visualization of the genitalia on Tc-99m DTPA transplant renography has been reported previously, its frequency and clinical significance have not been fully evaluated. The authors conducted a retrospective evaluation of 153 renal transplant scintigrams obtained in 129 patients during a 2-year period. The results showed that significant genital blood pooling occurred in nearly 50% of studies. Because the finding was commonly associated with little or no radioactive urine in the bladder, as in acute tubular necrosis or poor graft function, exaggeration of the normal blood pool was thought to be the possible cause for its occurrence. It is, however, important to distinguish genital blood-pool activity from the bladder with radioactive urine to avoid making an incorrect diagnosis.
Bacterial Meningitis Diagnosis by Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: François Denis
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of 80 patients with purulent meningitis were studied, immediately after collection or storage at —20 °C,by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the presence of meningococcal, pneumococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae antigens. The results obtained by CIE were compared with the results of Gram-stained smears together with bacterial cultures.   Haemophilus influenzae b anti-serum is produced in our own laboratory, using ATCC 10.211 strain and monospecific antiserum. Haemophilus influenzae a, c, d, e, and f were obtained from Wellcome laboratory. Omniserum containing antibodies against 83 specific types of pneumococcals and antiserum pools (A-I) were furnished by Statens Serum Institut of Copenhagen (Denmark). Meningococcal antiserum (A-B-C) were obtained from Pasteur Institute of Paris.  The CIE was carried out in indubiose 1%, veronal/veronal-sodium buffer (pH 8.8). Sensitivity of CIE was tested with purified bacterial polysaccharides from pneumococcus type 1-2-3, H influenzae b ATCC 10.211, and meningococcus A vaccine (of Merieux
Sex-related differences among 100 patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: M Y Morgan, S Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1977)

During 1975 we studied 100 patients--77 men and 23 women--who had a history of alcohol abuse and disturbed liver function test results. On presentation the women were less likely to be suspected of alcohol abuse (9; 38%) than the men (59; 77%). Although the quantity of alcohol consumed and length of history of alcohol abuse were similar for men and women, the incidence of chronic advanced liver disease was higher among women (86%) than among men (65%). Women, however, were less likely to have developed primary liver cell cancer. Overall the women had a higher incidence of other alcohol-related disorders and were less likely to stop abusing alcohol (2; 9%) than were their male counterparts (22; 29%). Women seem to be more susceptible to alcohol-related disease.
UTILITY OF CONVENTIONAL SURGICAL RISK SCORES IN PREDICTING OUTCOME AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Margarita Sirotina, Johannes Weber, Henrik Fox, Katrin Hemmann, Ilona Hofmann, Anton Moritz, Andreas Zeiher, Stephan Fichtlscherer, Laura Vaskelyte, Ralf Lehmann, Stefan Bertog, Horst Sievert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Factors associated with home visiting in an inner London general practice.
Authors: D Bucquet, B Jarman, P White
Journal: BMJ (1985)

We decided to examine the services provided by doctors in an inner London practice for domiciliary care. It was expected that the study would highlight the most relevant questions and variables related to access and uptake of this service; it would thus contribute to the design of an accurate procedure for auditing the pattern of delivery of home care to be conducted in the practice in the future. During the study period, 1976-81, there were 90 500 doctor-patient contacts. For patients up to the age of 10 years the proportion of home visits was 9.2%, falling to 2.2% in the age group 20 to 29; then there is a quasi plateau till the age of 60. After 60 the proportion of home visits doubles in each of the following 10 year age groups, reaching 54% in the over 80s. The proportion of home visits (standardised by age) rises from social class II (8.0%) to social class V (10.0%), but is higher in social class I (11.7%). The proportion of home visits according to distance from the practice rises from 8.2% near the health centre to 9.6% at a distance of 0.25 to 0.50 mile, and drops to 8.8% beyond 0.75 mile. The distance effect is not consistent when the social class dimension is added: social classes I and II have higher proportions of home visits in certain age and distance groups. Single people have the lowest proportion of home visits (6.8%); there are large differences between men and women among widowed (14.1% and 8.6% respectively) and divorced or separated (7.0% and 10.7% respectively) patients. There are important variations in the proportions of home visits made by the doctors in the practice, the trainees carrying out proportionally many more home visits. Data collected in the practice can be used to define specific issues for future audit exercises. Furthermore, sociodemographic characteristics of patients have been shown to be associated with use and access to medical services.
Having the last laugh at big pharma
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Having the last laugh at big pharma Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Ulcerative colitis and pregnancy
Authors: C P Willoughby, S C Truelove
Journal: Gut (1980)

A survey has been made of pregnancy occurring in patients who were attending the Ulcerative Colitis Clinic at Oxford during the 20-year period, 1960-79 inclusive. There were 256 married women of child-bearing age who attended during this period. Of these, 100 were excluded from the survey for various reasons, such as that they had completed their family before the onset of the ulcerative colitis, had already had an hysterectomy, or had a proctocolectomy before their first pregnancy. Of the remaining 156 patients, nine could not be traced. Full details were obtained from 147 patients, virtually all of whom were interviewed. The fertility of these patients was normal. Of the 147 women, 119 (81%) had conceived and only 10 (6·8%) were involuntarily infertile. The size of family approximated to that found in the general British population. The overall outcome of the pregnancies was similar to that in the general British population. The patients in whom the disease was quiescent at the start of pregnancy fared particularly well. Those with active disease had a somewhat lower chance of producing a normal live baby. The small group of patients in whom the disease was severe had a much lower chance of a normal outcome. Patients in whom the ulcerative colitis was quiescent at the beginning of pregnancy had a good chance of remaining symptom-free throughout the pregnancy and puerperium. Even if the colitis recurred, it was likely to be mild and responsive to medical treatment. By contrast, when the ulcerative colitis was active at the start of pregnancy, most patients continued to have symptoms in spite of medical treatment. Some patients had their first attack of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy or the puerperium. In contrast to previous experience the attacks were generally mild and responded to medical treatment. Medical treatment with corticosteroids or sulphasalazine appeared to have no obvious deleterious effects on the fetus or new-born child.
An appreciation of Ralph Marvin Steinman (1943–2011)
Authors: Carol L. Moberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Ralph Steinman, an editor at the Journal of Experimental Medicine since 1978, shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) and their role in immunity. Ralph never knew. He died of pancreatic cancer on September 30, 3 days before the Nobel announcement. Unaware of his death at the time of their announcement, the Nobel Committee made the unprecedented decision that his award would stand. Ralph was the consummate physician-scientist to the end. After his diagnosis, he actively participated in his 4.5 years of treatments, creating experimental therapies using his own DCs in conjunction with the therapies devised by his physicians, all the while traveling, lecturing, and most of all pursuing new investigations in his laboratory. For 38 years—from his discovery of DCs to his Nobel Prize—Ralph pioneered the criteria and methods used to identify, isolate, grow, and study DCs. He and his colleagues demonstrated that DCs are initiators of immunity and regulators of tolerance. In his most recent studies, Ralph was harnessing the specialized features of DCs to design improved vaccines. The following synopsis describes some of his seminal discoveries.
The Mini-Mental State Examination among Adult Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Jonathan E. Alpert, Lisa A. Uebelacker, Nancy E. McLean, Melissa Abraham, Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, Maurizio Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

One hundred forty-eight patients, ages 18–65, with major depression were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) prior to 8 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine; 75 of these patients were readministered the MMSE following treatment. MMSE scores were not related to pretreatment severity of depression or to reported concentration problems and were not predicitve of antidepressant response. Non- and partial responders had lower posttreatment MMSE scores than responders, men had lower posttreatment scores than women, and subjects over 50 had lower pretreatment scores than younger subjects, although in all cases, the magnitude of the differences was small and unlikely to be clinically important. Our results suggest that while the MMSE has been shown to be useful among geriatric and other depressed inpatients, it is not a sensitive indicator of depression severity, concentration problems, or likelihood of treatment response among otherwise healthy adults with major depression in an outpatient setting.
Local Epinephrine Injection Improves the Therapeutic Effect of Nd-YAG Laser Treatment of Arterial Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: W. Heldwein, P. Lehnert, S. Martinoff, K. Loeschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Nd-YAG laser therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding. However, a breakdown by bleeding severity shows that its benefit is doubtful in bleeds classified as Forrest Ia and IIa. In a prospective study, we therefore tested a new therapeutic approach combining epinephrine injection into the bleeding site, with subsequent laser coagulation. Thirty-two patients with Forrest Ia and IIa bleeding from gastric or small intestinal ulcers were compared with 51 own historical controls treated by laser coagulation alone. In the combined therapy group, a significantly higher rate of permanent hemostasis was achieved, and mortality and frequency of emergency surgery were significantly reduced. Furthermore bleeding recurred more rarely and only during the later course of the disease. Finally, following epinephrine injection fewer Forrest IIa ulcer bleeds were reactivated by laser treatment, and all of these bleeds were stopped by further laser coagulation. Overall, our results demonstrate a clear-cut therapeutic improvement when laser coagulation is preceded by local epinephrine injection.
OP0150 Formal Education Level is More Explanatory of Variation in Patient Global Estimate than Age, Duration of Disease or Gender in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Gout
Authors: I. Castrejón, Y. Yazici, T. Pincus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Age, duration of disease, and gender are included in all clinical research reports as potential modifiers of patient status and treatment responses. Formal education level (EDUC), which has been interpreted as a surrogate for self-management and other patient actions and attitudes affecting health associated with socioeconomic status, is included in some, but not most reports. However, many reports indicate that a marker of socioeconomic status is more significant than age, disease duration, gender, or any known biomarkers to explain variation in patient status and outcomes, including mortality. <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze age, duration of disease, gender and EDUC to explain variation in patient global estimate of status (PATGL) in 1939 patients with all rheumatic diseases seen in usual care, and subgroups with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), gout and other diagnoses. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients seen at one rheumatology site complete a multidimensional heath assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) at all visits, which includes physical function in 10 activities; visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, PATGL and fatigue; and demographic data for age, formal education level and gender. Duration of disease is entered by the rheumatologist. Data are recorded in a longitudinal database and analyzed using STATA v11. The last available visit of each patient with complete data for all variables was studied in 6 multivariate regressions to analyze age, disease duration, gender and formal education level as independent variables to explain variation in PATGL, as the dependent variable, in all patients, and subgroups with RA, OA, SLE, gout and other diagnoses. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1939 patients with complete data, 305 had RA, 250 OA, 220 SLE, 78 gout and 1086 other diagnoses. All 4 variables – age, gender, disease duration and EDUC – were limited to explain variation in PATGL, in contrast to robust explanation by pain and fatigue. Nonetheless, highest levels of significance in all analyses were seen for EDUC vs age, disease duration or gender. EDUC was the only significant variable in subgroups of patients with RA, OA, SLE and gout (Table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Formal education level is more explanatory of variation in PATGL than age, disease duration or gender. Reports of all clinical research studies should include a measure of socioeconomic status. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A Caenorhabditis elegans–based assay recognizes immunoglobulin light chains causing heart amyloidosis
Authors: Luisa Diomede, Paola Rognoni, Francesca Lavatelli, Margherita Romeo, Elena del Favero, Laura Cantù, Elena Ghibaudi, Andrea di Fonzo, Alessandro Corbelli, Fabio Fiordaliso, Giovanni Palladini, Veronica Valentini, Vittorio Perfetti, Mario Salmona, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2014)
Microvascular fragility and acute mountain sickness
Authors: J S Milledge, J R Broome, J M Beeley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

infections, multiple sclerosis, toxin, trauma, or unknown factors.'In these patients the aetiology of pure trigeminal motor neuropathy remains obscure, but a possible cause is an infection, probably viral, affecting the motor division of the trigeminal nerve.Differences in the specificity of membrane proteins in the trigeminal motor and sensory systems may account for susceptibility of the motor neurons to specific viral infections.The first three patients had initial symptoms of a common cold, which might suggest a viral infection.Alternatively, the condition might have been idiopathic.We found no evidence for induction of pure trigeminal motor neuropathy from clinical data, computed tomography of the brain, skull radiographs, or electrophysiological examinations in cases 4 and 5. Recently, Jannetta found that most cases of idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy and trigeminal neuralgia were due to vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve,' which might also apply to our cases.
The Special Problem of Stomach Cancer in Iceland
Authors: Niels Dungal
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Gastric cancer is frequent in Iceland, where it accounts for about 45% of all cancers in males in death certificates and 35% of all male cancers in autopsies. Smoked meat and fish is eaten in considerable amounts in Iceland, and in rural areas these foods are kept in smokehouses for prolonged periods. Analyses for polycyclic hydrocarbons demonstrated low but significant amounts of 3,4benzpyrene in smoked mutton and trout, especially in food smoked on farms. When smoked mutton was fed to 45 laboratory rats it produced malignant tumors in 5; smoked trout had the same effect in 6 out of 18 rats. The geographical distribution of the disease can be explained to a certain extent by the greater consumption of smoked trout and salmon around rivers and lakes.
The death of Porthos, or the first description of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in fiction.
Authors: V. Ronnov-Jessen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a comparatively young clinical entity.Transient cerebral attacks were described in the last 40 years of the nineteenth century by Raynaud in 1862, Weiss in 1882, Bastian in 1886, and Osler in 1896.' Basilar thrombosis was first described by Hayem in 1868,2 but it was not until the clinical and pathological studies of Kubik and Adams were published in 1946' that doctors' interest was really aroused.The term cerebrovascular insufficiency was introduced by Denny-Brown in 1951.
Strangulation of Umbilical Hernia in Children
Authors: J. C. Haworth
Journal: BMJ (1957)

REITER'S SYNDROMEMEDBRITISH 869at least 15 months up to the time of writing.The remote possibility that constrictive pericarditis may develop later must be borne in mind.Summary Three cases of pericardial involvement in Reiter's syn- drome are described.The symptoms of this complication are not always prominent, and for this reason electrocardiography should be a routine procedure in cases of Reiter's syn- drome.A case of abacterial pyuria with pericarditis is also reported.