tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PEPTIC ULCER IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY
Authors: Victor W. Logan, Paul W. Bransford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 June 1943PEPTIC ULCER IN THE UNITED STATES NAVYVICTOR W. LOGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., PAUL W. BRANSFORD, M.D.VICTOR W. LOGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL W. BRANSFORD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-6-929 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThirty-five years ago the Surgeon General of the Navy listed in his Annual Report but two admissions to the sick list under gastric ulcer, or "ulcus gastricum" as it was then termed in the official nomenclature. Since that time there has been a steady rise in the incidence of all peptic ulcers. Thus, five duodenal and 21 gastric ulcers were listed in 1912, and 28 duodenal and 35 gastric ulcers in 1920.In the accompanying table (table 1) the trend of U. S. Navy admission rates for duodenal ulcer is shown from 1924 up to the last prewar year, 1940....Bibliography1. KANTOR JL: Digestive disease and military service, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1942, cxx, 254-261. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. ALLISONTHOMAS RSAR: Peptic ulcer in the Royal Navy, symptoms and pathology, Lancet, 1941, i, 565. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. BROCKBANK W: The dyspeptic soldier, Lancet, 1942, i, 39-42. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. URQUHART RW: The peptic ulcer problem, Canad. Med. Assoc. Jr., 1941, xlv, 391. Google Scholar5. SMELLIE JM: Gastric disorders in the Army, Lancet, 1942, i, 322. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. CHAMBERLIN DP: Peptic ulcer and irritable colon in the Army, Am. Jr. Digest. Dis., 1942, ix, 245-248. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. PALMER WL: The stomach and military service, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1942, cxix, 1155-1159. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. BERK JE: Quoted by Chamberlin.6 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: (MC) U. S. N. R.(MC) U. S. N. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Presented before the Fifth Annual Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pa., October 23, 1942.(NOTE: Authorization has been obtained from the Surgeon General for publication.)The writers of this paper wish to state that the opinions and assertions contained herein are private ones and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1943Volume 18, Issue 6Page: 929-934KeywordsDuodenal ulcersGastric ulcersPeptic ulcersSurgeons Issue Published: 1 June 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
A novel synthetic CDC25 phosphatase inhibitor inhibits human cancer growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Gregoire Prevost, Muriel Quaranta, Marie-Cristine Brezak, Celine Frongia, Alban Sidhu, Sophie Chaumeron, Marie-Odile Galcera, Olivier Lavergne, Dennis Bigg, Annie Valette, Philip Kasprzyk, Bernard Ducommun
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3228 

CDC25 phosphatases (CDC25A, B and C) play a critical role by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) thus leading to the phosphorylation of key substrates for cell cycle progression and mitosis. Increase of expression of the members of CDC25 family have been reported in several human cancers compared to normal tissues suggesting an active role in tumorigenesis.

Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel synthetic CDC25 inhibitor. This inhibitor is active against several purified human CDC25 family members (A, B2, B3, & C) in the nanomolar range. Short exposure of this compound at low concentrations are sufficient to inhibit the proliferation of a large panel of human tumor cell lines including drug resistant cell lines. Its antiproliferative activity is observed with tumor cells growing as monolayer, as well as in colony in clonogenicity assay or as spheroids in 3 dimensions. Finally, this inhibitor reduces the growth rate of human tumors xenografted in athymic mice.

Together, these results strongly support further interest in pursuing investigation of CDC25 inhibitors against human cancers.
Molecular characterization of cancer: Research tools or clinical diagnostics?
Authors: Yixin Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The recent advent of technologies has revealed a wealth of information about molecular processes and pathways that can be applied to the understanding of cancer. Use of PCR, microarray, and circulating cell-based technologies provide oncologists with new methods to determine appropriate treatments and assess response to therapy. Improvements in analytical methods have allowed researchers to interrogate biomarkers in clinically relevant specimens such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, biopsies, bone barrow, urine and circulating tumor cells in blood. Our research has been focusing on the application of molecular technologies to support clinical decision-making and patient management. We have demonstrated that molecular assays on either tumor tissue or CTCs can enable a more accurate analysis of a patient's diseases and the response to a particular therapy. This presentation will review some of the opportunities and challenges facing assay development in molecular diagnostics. A couple of examples from OCD, Johnson &amp; Johnson that aimed to develop molecular tests for therapeutic decisions will be discussed.
Abstract 13408: Successful Prediction of MACE by not Occurrence of Non Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia but Presence of Myocardial Fibrosis on CT in HCM Cases without Obstructed Coronary Arteries. a Long Follow-Up Study with a Median of 69 Months
Authors: Nobusada Funabashi, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Koya Ozawa, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) presents several risk factors for sudden cardiac death and the presence of myocardial fibrosis (MF) on CT is a novel candidate to predict prognosis in HCM patients. Aim: To compare the value of non sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and MF in risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in HCM patients without obstructed coronary arteries. Methods: We selected 48 consecutive HCM patients (33 males, 61±14 y) who underwent cardiac CT and 24 h of ECG monitoring within 12 mo between 2002 and 2009. Patients had no significant luminal coronary artery stenosis (&gt;50%) on CT or previous myocardial infarction. On CT, if a contrast defect was observed in the early phase and abnormal late enhancement was observed at a corresponding site, we diagnosed MF. NSVT was defined as ≥3 consecutive premature ventricular beats. Follow-up after CT for MACE was a median of 69 mo. MACE included cardiac death, cardiac arrest, 2 or more hospitalizations for heart failure, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) (continued &gt;30 s), ventricular fibrillation and appropriate discharge of Implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Result: NSVT was detected in 24 patients. There was no significant difference in MACE between patients with and without NSVT (13% and 8%; P=1.00, respectively). No significant differences between HCM patients with and without NSVT, were seen at each time point and when the entire follow-up period was compared with Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests (P=0.60). MF was detected by CT in 29 patients. Patients with MF had a higher risk of MACE (17%) than those without (0%; P=0.07, n.s.). Significant differences between HCM patients with and without MF were seen at each time point and when the entire follow-up period was compared with Kaplan-Meier and log rank tests (P=0.04). Conclusions: MF is a stronger predictor of MACE than NSVT in HCM patients without obstructed coronary arteries following a median of 69 mo.
Ultra-Orthodox Jewish women at risk of vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Despite Israel's sunny skies, a large proportion of young ultra-Orthodox Jewish women there have been found in a study to suffer from vitamin D deficiency.

The research, comprising 156 ultra-Orthodox (“haredi”) new mothers and 186 secular Jewish counterparts, pointed to religiously dictated fashion as the culprit. Long sleeved dresses, high necklines, opaque stockings, hats, and other headgear worn for reasons of modesty even in the summer can cause women to have inadequate stores of vitamin D and put them at high risk of osteoporosis in middle and old age.

Professor Yosef Weisman, director of the bone disease unit at Tel Aviv's Ichilov Hospital, found that …
Abstract P412: Simple Cooking with Heart: Culinary Skill-Based Education Improves Diet Quality and Nutrition Literacy
Authors: Liz McKnight, Dorothea Vafiadis, Kimberly F Stitzel, Natashia Doolittle, Karen Robb
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Meals eaten away from home, particularly at fast-food restaurants, tend to have more calories, saturated and trans fats, and sodium and fewer fruits, vegetables, and whole grains than meals prepared at home. This contributes to higher body mass indexes in children and adults. Objective: The objective of the American Heart Association’s Simple Cooking with Heart program is to test whether increased consumption of home-prepared meals improves the diet quality of Americans. The theoretical framework for this program is based upon the Socioecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory of behavior change, both proven to be successful in diet and lifestyle interventions. Methods: Culinary skill-building based nutrition education that provides tools, recipes, instruction for preparing low-cost, heart healthy meals was administered to low-income families, specifically women (moms) ages 29-54. The program includes experiential skill acquisition through “live” cooking demonstrations and a robust program website which includes tools, low cost recipes and instructional skill videos. A third party 2-year program evaluation measured program impact on skill acquisition, attitudinal change, change in intent, and consumption pattern change. Results: Participation in “live” cooking demonstrations was associated with positive attitudinal change and was effective in improving knowledge and skills. The program website and materials are effective interventions to improve culinary skill, attitudinal change and efficacy/confidence, and increase frequency of home prepared meals. An increase in fruits, vegetables and whole grains consumption was also observed. This presentation will include new data regarding participants’ positive gains for social cognitive measures following a 30-day online focus group. Participants experienced positive gains regarding: raised awareness of the health and economic benefits of preparing meals at home, and outcome expectations. Participants also experienced an increase in efficacy and skill aquisition: increased confidence, skills and techniques to prepare meals at home (evaluation study participants identified higher at 30 days for statements reflecting healthful behavior and attitudes, including behavioral capacity, self-efficacy, intentions, outcome expectations and future/continued engagement.) An average of 4 new skills/techniques learned, respondents’ confidence in their ability to prepare healthful meals is near universal (94%) as is their willingness to do so (94%). Conclusions: Using a culinary skill development programs is associated with improving diet quality and improving nutrition literacy.
Abstract 10976: Parent-Offspring Association of Metabolic Syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Rumana J Khan, Charles N Rotimi, Samson Y Gebreab, Pia R Crespo, Ruihua Xu, Sharon K Davis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of five metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity (OB), elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Few studies have fully reported the strength of clustering of these risk factors in a parent-offspring relationship. This analysis describes the associations between parents and their adult offspring in regard to MS. It also estimates the association between each risk factor in parents and the presence of MS in their offspring. Methods: We analyzed data for 1193 offspring (565 sons, and 628 daughters) from the Framingham Offspring Study who attended examinations 5, 6, and 7. Information about their parents was collected from examinations 13, 14 and 15 of the Framingham Original Cohort study. We used pedigree file to combine parental and offspring’s data. Participants were classified as having the MS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations. Results: After adjusting for age, education, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity level of offspring, no significant association was found between fathers’ and their offspring’s MS. Mothers’ MS was significantly and positively associated with their daughters’ MS (adjusted odds ratio or adj OR:1.63; 95% confidence Interval, CI:1.02-2.61), but not with their sons’ MS. This gender difference was not observed when both the parents had MS. Daughters (adj OR:4.13; 95% CI:1.31_13.07) and sons (adj OR:4.31; 95% CI:0.98-19.77) both had more than 4 folds of increased odds of having MS if both parents had MS compared to offspring whose neither parent had MS. When analyzed by individual components, mothers’ IFG (adj OR:2.03 ; 95% CI:1.02- 9.31), OB (adj OR:1.56; 95% CI:0.98- 2.55) and HDL-C (adj OR: 2.12; 95% CI:1.35-3.32) were associated daughters’ MS. But none of these were significant for their sons’ MS. For fathers, only IFG (adj OR:4.91; 95% CI:2.07- 11.68) was associated with their daughters’ MS. Conclusions: We found differential associations between parents and their adult offspring in regard to MS. Daughters with mother’s MS were in higher risk than daughters or sons with father’s MS.
Recovery Rate and Prognosis in Older Persons Who Develop Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: E. Wesley Ely, Arthur P. Wheeler, B. Taylor Thompson, Marek Ancukiewicz, Kenneth P. Steinberg, Gordon R. Bernard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

The incidence of acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation increases 10-fold from the ages of 55 to 85 years, yet the rate of recovery and outcomes in older persons who develop acute lung injury are poorly defined.To examine age as an independent risk factor in recovery and intensive care unit discharge after acute lung injury.Prospective cohort study.10 U.S. university-based medical centers.902 mechanically ventilated patients enrolled in randomized, controlled trials for the treatment of acute lung injury. All patients were managed according to a standardized protocol for ventilator management and weaning.Frequency and time to achieve well-defined recovery landmarks, duration of ventilation and intensive care unit stay, and survival.Median duration of mechanical ventilation was 19 days (interquartile range, 7 to >28 days) for patients 70 years of age or older (n = 173) compared with 10 days (interquartile range, 5 to 26 days) for patients younger than 70 years of age (n = 729) (P < 0.001). The duration of intensive care unit stay was 21 days for the older group (interquartile range, 11 to >28 days) and 16 days for the younger group (8 to >28 days) (P = 0.004). Survival rates decreased across increasing decades of age (P < 0.001): Patients younger than 70 years of age had a greater 28-day survival rate than patients 70 years of age or older (74.6% vs. 50.3%; P < 0.001). The proportion of survivors achieving physiologic recovery landmarks did not differ between the older and younger age groups, and the median time to pass a 2-hour spontaneous breathing trial was similar between both the older and younger patients (4 days vs. 5 days; P > 0.2). After passing a spontaneous breathing trial, however, older patients required 1 more day than younger patients to achieve unassisted breathing (P = 0.002) and 3 more days to leave the intensive care unit (P = 0.005). In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, age of 70 years or older was a strong predictor of in-hospital death (hazard ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.0 to 3.2]; P < 0.001).Although the survival rate among patients 70 years of age or older was high, these patients were twice as likely to die of acute lung injury compared with their younger counterparts, even after adjustment for covariates. Older survivors recovered from respiratory failure and achieved spontaneous breathing at the same rate as younger patients but had greater difficulty achieving liberation from the ventilator and being discharged from the intensive care unit.
Abstract P2-14-07: A systematic review of the clinical evidence regarding PIP breast implants
Authors: Umar Wazir, Abdul Kasem, Kefah Mokbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Mammary implants marketed by Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) were found to contain industrial grade silicone and this caused heightened anxiety and extensive publicity regarding their safety in humans. These implants were used in a large number of patients worldwide for augmentation or breast reconstruction. Methods: Articles were identified by searches of Medline, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases up to March 2014 using the terms: "PIP", "Poly Implant Prothèse","breast implants" and "augmentation mammoplasty" or "silicone" In addition the websites of regulating bodies in Europe, USA and Australia were searched for reports related to PIP mammary implants. Results: PIP mammary implants are more likely to rupture than other implants and can cause adverse effects in the short to the medium term related to the symptoms of rupture such as pain, lumps in the breast and axilla and anxiety. Based on peer-reviewed published studies we have calculated an overall rupture rate of 14.5% (383/2635) for PIP implants. Conclusions: There is no evidence that PIP implant rupture causes long-term adverse health effects in humans so far. The long-term adverse effects usually arise from inappropriate extensive surgery, such as axillary lymph node dissection or extensive resection of breast tissue due to silicone leakage. Citation Format: Umar Wazir, Abdul Kasem, Kefah Mokbel. A systematic review of the clinical evidence regarding PIP breast implants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-07.
Wilhelm Fabry’s 1614 report on a giant condyloma of the penis
Authors: F.J. Marx, A. Karenberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

For many years it has been the work of Buschke and Löwenstein that has justified calling the exophytic, locally destructive tumour of the anogenital mucosal surface 'giant condyloma of Buschke and Löwenstein' or GCBL. In order to investigate the early history of this rare disease we examined the writings of the barber-surgeon Wilhelm Fabry (1560-1634) who had a serious interest in dermatological disorders and their treatment. We analysed Fabry's 600 Latin case reports and identified the case of a 'monstrous penile tumour'. We then translated this text into English and compared it point by point with later publications. This was followed by a cursory review of surgical treatises from the 16th to the 18th centuries. In 1614 Fabry described and depicted a tumour of the penis; the clinical characteristics (gradual formation of a warty lesion, considerable size, invasive growth, absence of metastases) indicated it was a giant condyloma. His mention of the urethral fistulization enables discrimination from 'common' condylomata acuminata, and the survival period of 10 years after amputation allows exclusion of a 'true' carcinoma. This report is singular among 17th-century case histories. The neoplasias described 300 years later are most probably biologically identical. Thus, Fabry's is the first clinical report; the histological classification, however, belongs to Buschke and Löwenstein. From now on the disease should be designated with the eponym giant condyloma of Fabry-Buschke-Löwenstein or GCFBL.
Climbing a Triassic Mount Everest: Into Thinner Air
Authors: Raymond B Huey, Peter D Ward
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Treatment with depleting CD4 monoclonal antibody results in a preferential loss of circulating naive T cells but does not affect IFN-gamma secreting TH1 cells in humans.
Authors: M H Rep, B W van Oosten, M T Roos, H J Adèr, C H Polman, R A van Lier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

CD4(pos) TH1 T cells are considered to play a central role in a number of human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis. Experimental treatment protocols aimed at selectively eliminating CD4(pos) T cells thus far have yielded disappointing clinical results. Here we analyzed phenotype and function of circulating T cells in multiple sclerosis patients treated with the chimeric CD4 mAb cM-T412 in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, magnetic resonance imaging-monitored phase II trial. Treatment resulted in a long-lasting depletion of CD4(pos) T cells but did not affect CD8(pos) T cell numbers. Analysis of CD4(pos) subpopulations showed that unprimed, CD45RA(pos)/R0(neg) lymphocytes were approximately three times more sensitive to the mAb than primed, CD45RA(neg)/R0(pos) T cells. Notably, within the CD45RA(pos) subset, T cells with phenotypic evidence of prior activation, i.e., expressing Fas, were relatively insensitive to cM-T412, compared with Fas(neg) cells. Remarkably, while a decrease in the number of IL-4-producing T helper 2 (TH2)-type cells in the anti-CD4 treated group was observed, numbers of IFN-gamma-producing T helper 1 (TH1)-type cells remained stable, resulting in a significant increase in the TH1/TH2 ratio. Our data show that treatment with depleting CD4 mAb does not eliminate the cells most strongly involved in the disease process, i.e., primed, IFN-gamma-producing TH1-type cells, and may therefore give an explanation for the lack of beneficial clinical effects of depleting CD4 mAb in human chronic autoimmune disease.