tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Structure and specificity of T cell receptor gamma/delta on major histocompatibility complex antigen-specific CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T lymphocytes.
Authors: J A Bluestone, R Q Cron, M Cotterman, B A Houlden, L A Matis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Analyses of TCR-bearing murine and human T cells have defined a unique subpopulation of T cells that express the TCR-gamma/delta proteins. The specificity of TCR-gamma/delta T cells and their role in the immune response have not yet been elucidated. Here we examine alloreactive TCR-gamma/delta T cell lines and clones that recognize MHC-encoded antigens. A BALB/c nu/nu (H-2d)-derived H-2k specific T cell line and derived clones were both cytolytic and released lymphokines after recognition of a non-classical H-2 antigen encoded in the TL region of the MHC. These cells expressed the V gamma 2/C gamma 1 protein in association with a TCR-delta gene product encoded by a Va gene segment rearranged to two D delta and one J delta variable elements. A second MHC-specific B10 nu/nu (H-2b) TCR-gamma/delta T cell line appeared to recognize a classical H-2D-encoded MHC molecule and expressed a distinct V gamma/C gamma 4-encoded protein. These data suggest that many TCR-gamma/delta-expressing T cells may recognize MHC-linked antigens encoded within distinct subregions of the MHC. The role of MHC-specific TCR-gamma/delta cells in immune responses and their immunological significance are discussed.
Gastrin and the growth of the gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: A A Ekundayo, C Y Lee, R A Goodlad
Journal: Gut (1995)

While the proliferative effects of gastrin in the gastric fundus are well established, there is a considerable degree of confusion regarding the role of gastrin on the growth of the small intestine and colon. The hypothesis that gastrin is trophic throughout the gut was tested by giving three doses of pentagastrin and one of gastrin 17 to rats maintained by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The rats were fed intravenously for one week, with the various peptides added to the TPN diet. The number of vincristine arrested metaphases per gland or crypt was then scored to determine the proliferative state. Both gastrin 17 and pentagastrin were found to be trophic in the gastric fundus, but not to the gastric antrum. A proliferative response was also seen in the duodenum, but with little evidence of a dose response element. No effect on small bowel weight was seen, and no proliferative effect was noted in the mid small bowel, thus the duodenal effect could be attributed to a local action of increased acid output on the duodenum, not a general role throughout the small intestine. No proliferative effects of pentagastrin or gastrin were seen in the colon. It is therefore concluded that the trophic role of gastrin is restricted to the gastric fundus and the proximal duodenum.
Translating the A1C Assay Into Estimated Average Glucose Values
Authors: Santiago Rodríguez-Segade, Javier Rodríguez, Juan Manuel Paz, Felix Camiña
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Nathan et al. (1) present a regression equation that they propose be used to convert measured values of A1C into estimated average glucose (eAG) values, in accordance with recommendations (2) and subject to the condition that their study fulfill its a priori–specified criterion. The criterion declared is that for ≥90% of patients, average glucose values, calculated from continuous glucose monitoring and 7-point glucose measurements over a 3-month span, fall within 15% of the average glucose using the study-wide average glucose as opposed to the A1C regression equation. This criterion was indeed fulfilled (with surprising narrowness: 89.95% of subjects fell within the ±15% limits) (1). Using the proposed equation thus involves an error limit in eAG …
Expression of passively transferred immunity against an established tumor depends on generation of cytolytic T cells in recipient. Inhibition by suppressor T cells.
Authors: C D Mills, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The results of this study with the P815 mastocytoma confirm the results of previous studies that showed that the passive transfer of tumor-sensitized T cells from immunized donors can cause the regression of tumors growing in T cell-deficient (TXB) recipients, but not in normal recipients. The key additional finding was that the expression of adoptive immunity against tumors growing in TXB recipients is immediately preceded by a substantial production of cytolytic T cells in the recipients' draining lymph node. On the other hand, failure of adoptive immunity to be expressed against tumors growing in normal recipients was associated with a cytolytic T cell response of much lower magnitude, and a similar low magnitude response was generated in TXB recipients infused with normal spleen cells and in tumor-bearing control mice. Because the passively transferred sensitized T cells possessed no cytolytic activity of their own, the results indicate that the 6-8-d delay before adoptive immunity is expressed represents the time needed for passively transferred helper or memory T cells to give rise to a cytolytic T cell response of sufficient magnitude to destroy the recipient's tumor. In support of this interpretation was the additional finding that inhibition of the expression of adoptive immunity by the passive transfer of suppressor T cells from tumor-bearing donors was associated with a substantially reduced cytolytic T cell response in the recipient's draining lymph node. The results serve to illustrate that interpretation of the results of adoptive immunization experiments requires a knowledge of the events that take place in the adoptively immunized recipient. They support the interpretation that suppressor T cells function in this model to "down-regulate" the production of cytolytic effector T cells.
Eradication of neutralizing antibodies to factor VIII in canine hemophilia A after liver gene therapy
Authors: Jonathan D. Finn, Margareth C. Ozelo, Denise E. Sabatino, Helen W. G. Franck, Elizabeth P. Merricks, Julie M. Crudele, Shangzhen Zhou, Haig H. Kazazian, David Lillicrap, Timothy C. Nichols, Valder R. Arruda
Journal: Blood (2010)
Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia in Diabetic Persons
Authors: JAMES OAT JUDGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1988Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia in Diabetic PersonsJAMES OAT JUDGE, M.D.JAMES OAT JUDGE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-903_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was disappointed in the insufficient editorial review of the article by Nesto and colleagues (1) on whether asymptomatic cardiac ischemia is more likely to occur in diabetic patients. The study appears to be a retrospective analysis of 100 positive exercise thallium tests done for various reasons. However, the article implies that the patients were selected because of a positive exercise thallium test and were then studied using a symptom-limited exercise test.For such a retrospective study, the findings should have been noted and qualified, with the suggestion to follow up with an appropriately designed prospective study....References1. NESTOPHILLIPSKETT RRK. Anginal and exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: assessment by exercise thallium scintigraphy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:170-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HUTH E. Correction: angina in exertional myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:646. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06032-9984 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1988Volume 108, Issue 6Page: 903-903KeywordsExerciseIschemiaProspective studiesRetrospective studiesThallium Issue Published: 1 June 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Aerosol Immunization of Humans with Inactivated Parainfluenza Type 2 Vaccine
Authors: F. M. Wigley, M. H. Fruchtman, R. H. Waldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The antibody response was compared in 40 volunteers who were immunized with parainfluenza Type 2 vaccine, either subcutaneously or by aerosol, and in 16 controls. The neutralizing-antibody response in respiratory secretions was of greater magnitude in the aerosol group than in the other groups. In both the aerosol and the subcutaneous groups there was a significant rise in serum antibody. The respiratory-secretion antibody was found in the IgA class.
Special Aspects of the Doctor/Patient Relationship Regarding Hospitalized Patients Suffering from Psychosomatic Illnesses
Authors: E. Ringel, I. Cermak
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Every patient goes through 3 phases in psychotherapy: (1) regarding the doctor with a mixture of skepticism and wonder, (2) seeing the doctor as a comrade, and (3) regarding the doctor as a challenger. In the case of somatic neuroses, the 1st phase shows a specific character because until then the patient has considered himself purely physically ill. All phases are best experienced when the patient is hospitalized, preferably in separate psychosomatic wards/clinics and the patient is more able to achieve necessary ego-distance when involved in group therapy.
Induction of Donor-Specific Tolerance in Sublethally Irradiated Recipients by Gene Therapy
Authors: Daron Forman, Chaorui Tian, John Iacomini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be established through the induction of molecular chimerism following reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with autologous bone marrow expressing retrovirally transduced allogeneic MHC antigens. Here, we set out to define nonmyeloablative host conditioning regimens that would allow for establishment of molecular chimerism and the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Recipient mice received various doses of whole-body irradiation, together with costimulatory blockade using anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody prior to reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells transduced with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding H-2K(b). Conditioning consisting of 3 Gy whole-body irradiation and treatment with anti-CD154 was sufficient to induce molecular chimerism resulting in stable multilineage expression of K(b) on hematopoietic cells. T cells from molecular chimeras were unable to lyse allogeneic targets expressing K(b) and contained substantially fewer K(b)-reactive IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T cells than controls receiving mock-transduced bone marrow. Induction of molecular chimerism using nonmyeloablative host conditioning allowed for permanent survival of K(b)-disparate allogeneic skin grafts. These data suggest that nonmyeloablative host conditioning can be used effectively to induce molecular chimerism resulting in transplantation tolerance.
NICE's recommendation on sofosbuvir for hepatitis C
Authors: P. Badrinath
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Koretz and colleagues point out that new hepatitis C drugs need to be evaluated by long term follow-up of clinical outcomes and not just surrogate markers.1 However, the National Institute of Health and Care excellence (NICE) based its recommendation in its final appraisal determination solely on “virological response.”2 Regarding side effects, the authors state “in a …
Diabetes-Related Morbidity and Mortality in a National Sample of U.S. Elders
Authors: Alain G. Bertoni, Julie S. Krop, Gerard F. Anderson, Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Although the number of elders with diabetes has increased dramatically, there are few data on rates of mortality and serious complications in older populations with diabetes. To determine such rates, we conducted a population-based, nonconcurrent cohort study using claims data from the 1994–1996 Medicare 5% Standard Analytical File. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Codes from the ICD-9 were used to identify diabetes and the following complications: amputation, lower extremity infection, gangrene, blindness, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and metabolic disorders. Using these codes, we assembled a cohort of 148,562 Medicare Part A and B beneficiaries who were ≥65 years of age, who were alive on 1 January 1995, who were not in managed care in 1994, and who had a diabetes-related claim in 1994. Age-specific rates of death and complications were then calculated. RESULTS—During 24 months of follow-up, 22,044 (14.8%) elders with diabetes died. Death rates in men and women increased significantly with age. Compared with their counterparts in the general U.S. population, elders with diabetes suffered excess mortality at every age group, corresponding to an overall standardized mortality ratio of 1.41 (95% CI 1.39,1.43). The incidence of ischemic heart disease and stroke was 181.5 and 126.2 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, which was higher than the incidence of all other diabetes-related complications. CONCLUSIONS—In every age group, elders with diabetes have significantly higher all-cause mortality rates than the general population. Medicare data may be useful in monitoring trends in diabetes-related morbidity and total mortality in U.S. elders with diabetes.
Long-Term Therapy of Wilson's Disease
Authors: A. DEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Five patients with Wilson's disease were treated initially with potassium sulfide and penicillamine and maintained on penicillamine for 9 to 13 years. All patients are now clinically well. Neurologic manifestations have disappeared; liver function studies have reverted to normal or remained normal; and Kayser-Fleischer rings have faded or disappeared. Hypocupremia, hypoceruloplasminemia, and hypercupriuria have persisted. This clinical response to chelation therapy may be taken as evidence that the clinical and pathologic manifestations of this disease are caused by the damaging effects of excessive copper in the tissues. From our experiences with these patients and from the contributions of others, a concept of the natural history of this disease is presented that explains the variability of the clinical manifestations as successive stages in its course.
dynamical categories and language
Authors: takashi ikegami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

the dynamical category uses the sensory-motor coordination to do categorization. if categories are inevitably grounded in sensory-motor coordination, sharing categories may also share the same sensory-motor coordination. concerning this aspect, we discuss the color category as a dynamical categorization. additional to the converging effect of a category by communication, we discuss the diverging effect of communication that creates new categories.
An Inherently Bifunctional Subset of Foxp3+ T Helper Cells Is Controlled by the Transcription Factor Eos
Authors: Madhav D. Sharma, Lei Huang, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, Eun-Joon Lee, James M. Wilson, Henrique Lemos, Fan Pan, Bruce R. Blazar, Drew M. Pardoll, Andrew L. Mellor, Huidong Shi, David H. Munn
Journal: Immunity (2013)

At sites of inflammation, certain regulatory T cells (Treg cells) can undergo rapid reprogramming into helper-like cells without loss of the transcription factor Foxp3. We show that reprogramming is controlled by downregulation of the transcription factor Eos (Ikzf4), an obligate corepressor for Foxp3. Reprogramming was restricted to a specific subset of "Eos-labile" Treg cells that was present in the thymus and identifiable by characteristic surface markers and DNA methylation. Mice made deficient in this subset became impaired in their ability to provide help for presentation of new antigens to naive T cells. Downregulation of Eos required the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and mice lacking IL-6 had impaired development and function of the Eos-labile subset. Conversely, the immunoregulatory enzyme IDO blocked loss of Eos and prevented the Eos-labile Treg cells from reprogramming. Thus, the Foxp3+ lineage contains a committed subset of Treg cells capable of rapid conversion into biologically important helper cells.
A neurokinin 1-receptor antagonist improves exercise-induced airway narrowing in asthmatic patients.
Authors: M Ichinose, M Miura, H Yamauchi, N Kageyama, M Tomaki, T Oyake, Y Ohuchi, W Hida, H Miki, G Tamura, K Shirato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Recent reports suggest the involvement of vascular phenomena in exercise-induced asthma. Sensory neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), which causes airway vascular dilatation and plasma leakage, have been demonstrated to play a role in hyperpnea-induced airway narrowing in animal studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of tachykinins in exercise-induced airway narrowing in patients with asthma using a selective neurokinin 1-receptor (NK1-receptor) antagonist, FK-888. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, nine subjects with stable asthma were given FK-888 (2.5 mg) or placebo by inhalation 20 min before each exercise at a level previously demonstrated to cause a fall of at least 40% in specific airway conduction (SGaw). Inhalation of FK-888 had no significant effect on baseline SGaw. While the recovery from exercise-induced airway narrowing was significantly faster after treatment with FK-888 the area under the curve for SGaw during the 50 min after exercise was significantly reduced (p<0.05) and the time taken for the SGaw to recover to within 65% of baseline after exercise was also significantly shorter with FK-888 than the placebo (p<0.05). However, treatment with FK-888 did not significantly attenuate the maximal fall in SGaw. These results suggest that NK1-receptor-mediated mechanisms are involved in the recovery phase of exercise-induced airway narrowing. The possible mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed.
Inaugural Address Delivered at the International Medical Congress
Authors: N. S. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1887)

WITH a full consciousness of my own deficiencies, and still with a heart overflowing with gratitude, I thank you for the honour you have bestowed in selecting me to preside over the deliberations of this great and learned assembly.It is an honour that I appreciate as second to no other of a temporal nature, because it has been bestowed neither by conquest nor hereditary influence, nor yet by partisan strife, but by the free expression of your own choice.Addressing myself now more directly to those here assembled who have left homes and loved ones in other lands, and encountered the fatigue and danger of travelling by sea and by land, in the name of the medical profession of this country, I welcome you, not only to this beautiful city and the hospitality of its citizens-as has been so' admirably done already by the honourable representative of the Government who has just taken his seat-but I cordially welcome you to the open arms and warm hearts of the medical men of this whole country, in whose name you were invited here three years since, and whose representatives are now here, side by side with you, gathered from the east, the west, the north, the south, as well as from the rugged mountains and fertile valleys of the centre, to make good the promise implied by that invitation.If they do not cause you to feel at home and happy, not only in the social circles and halls devoted to the advancement of science, literature, and art in this city of our nation's pride, but wherever you may choose to roam- from the rocky coast of New England on the, Atlantic to the Golden Gate of the Pacific-it will be from no want of earnest disposition to do so.And now, I not only thus welcome you from other lands, but I take great pleasure in greeting you, one and all, as leading repre- sentatives of a profession whose paramount object is the lessening of human suffering, by preventing, alleviating, or curing diseases wherever found and in whatever class or grade of tile human family.Nay, more, with profound reverence I greet yoLu as a noble brotherhood, who, in the practical pursuit of that one grand object, recognise no distinction of country, race, or creed, but bind up the wounds and assuage the pains of the rich and poor, ruler and ruled, Christian and pagan, friend and foe alike.Not that every medical man does not love and defend his own country and fireside with as
Caution Urged in Ramping Up Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

toprice, theyareas likelytoskipcarethey need as care they don’t,” Pollack said. The findings also have implications for health reform at the national level. Estimates commissioned by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation suggest that cost sharing in the least expensive plans available under health care reform could be substantial, with an individual deductible of $4375 and patients expected to pay 20% of the cost of care after the deductible, with maximum outof-pocket spending capped at $6350 annually (http://www.kff.org/healthreform/upload/8303.pdf). This contrasts with 2010 average deductibles of $2498 for individuals who purchased care on the nongroup market and $675 for individuals who had a preferred provider option through their employer, according to the foundation’s estimates. McCormick said his study highlights the need for policy makers to carefully match cost sharing to income level. Pollack said it will be important to establishco-paymentsthatarebasedonevidenceabouthowpatientsare likely torespond.Henotedthatnonfinancial factors may also influence patients’ choices. “It’s important that we try lots of things and talk to patients about what they care about,” he said, “and to tread carefully around co-pays for preventive or basic care.”
A piece of my mind. Immune response
Authors: S. D. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Much has been said about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We here in San Francisco, and especially at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, take for granted the deluge of information we receive on this protean disease. But one aspect of AIDS really hasn't been talked about much—its effect on medical residents and students. The extent to which AIDS dominates the medical training at UCSF can be seen in the caseload of any medical resident at the San Francisco General Hospital—often more than 50% AIDS related. The abrupt crescendo of AIDS cases has focused tremendous pressures on the quality of medical education now that so much of the teaching and training must be oriented toward the care of a unique group of patients. And the future would seem to hold only more AIDS cases for years to come. In addition to educational demands, dealing with AIDS patients has
Concerns about the off-licence use of amiodarone for Ebola
Authors: A. Gupta-Wright, J. Lavers, S. Irvine
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We were disturbed by your article promoting the compassionate use of amiodarone for Ebola virus disease by the non-governmental organisation (NGO), Emergency, which suggested its use was endorsed by the Department for International Development and WHO.1 …
League tables criticised as misleading
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The publication of the first league tables showing the performance of hospitals has been met with scepticism by the BMA and the Royal College of Nursing, both of which accuse the government of misleading the public. “The performance indicators do not relate to the question of clinical care in the hospital,” said Dr Sandy Macara, chairman of the BMA's council. “They are purely administrative indicators, and what worries me is that there will be an assumption that they indicate quality.”

The indicators used in the “comparative performance guide” are based on the patient's charter …