tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MPs support no change in 24 week limit on abortion
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Google, the search engine giant, has launched Google Health, a free service for patients offering a personal electronic medical record (www.google.com/health).But the move has prompted fears over the security of health information stored in this way.President George Bush has promoted electronic health records as a means of reducing medical errors and cutting the costs of health care in the United States.But uptake has so far been slow.The new Google service will compete with similar services offered by other commercial internet health services, such as WebMD.Electronic medical histories are also stored by major health insurance companies.An individual will be able to create an account, protected by a password, and enter personal medical records, either by keying them in or by importing electronic records from hospitals, laboratories, and pharmacies that are Google Health partners.When new information is added the service will check for potential interactions between drugs, allergies, and conditions.Patients can also search for doctors by specialty or location and for hospitals, and they can permit their doctors or others to see their medical information and add to it.The New York Times reported that the service was popular when tested among patients at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio earlier this year (www.nytimes.com,20 May, "Google offers personal health records on the web").The system allowed clinic patients to add information when they saw doctors who were not affiliated with the clinic, said Martin Harris, the clinic's chief information officer.But Pamela Hartzband and Jerome Groopman, both from Harvard University, complained in the New England Journal of Medicine in April (2008;358:1656-8) that electronic health records have led to a sea of results being pasted from previous records, instead of being focused and selective.Furthermore, they said that electronic records have "become a powerful vehicle for per-Fears over security as Google launches free electronic health records service for patients UK NEWS Finding a solution to hospital associated infections, p 1210 World NEWS Italian police arrest drug officials over alleged falsification of data, p 1208 bmj.com
SEN virus infection and its relationship to transfusion-associated hepatitis
Authors: Takeji Umemura, Anthony E.T. Yeo, Alessandra Sottini, Daniele Moratto, Yasuhito Tanaka, Richard Y.-H. Wang, Wai-Kuo J. Shih, Peter Donahue, Daniele Primi, Harvey J. Alter
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

SEN virus (SEN-V) is a recently identified single-stranded, circular DNA virus. Two SEN-V variants (SENV-D and SENV-H) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate their role in the causation of transfusion-associated non-A to E hepatitis. The incidence of SEN-V infection after transfusion was 30% (86 of 286) compared with 3% (3 of 97) among nontransfused controls (P < .001). Transfusion risk increased with the number of units transfused (P < .0001) and donor-recipient linkage for SEN-V was shown by sequence homology. The prevalence of SEN-V in 436 volunteer donors was 1.8%. Among patients with transfusion-associated non-A to E hepatitis, 11 of 12 (92%) were infected with SEN-V at the time of transfusion compared with 55 of 225 (24%) identically followed recipients who did not develop hepatitis (P < .001). No effect of SEN-V on the severity or persistence of coexistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was observed. In 31 infected recipients, SEN-V persisted for greater than 1 year in 45% and for up to 12 years in 13%. SEN-V-specific RNA (a possible replicative intermediate) was recovered from liver tissue. In summary, SENV-D and -H were present in nearly 2% of US donors, and were unequivocally transmitted by transfusion and frequently persisted. The strong association of SEN-V with transfusion-associated non-A to E hepatitis compared with controls raises the possibility, but does not establish that SEN-V might be a causative agent of posttransfusion hepatitis. The vast majority of SEN-V-infected recipients did not develop hepatitis.
Rates of Injury at Day-care Centers
Authors: Hope C. Solomons
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their Review, "Infectious Diseases and Injuries in Child Day Care," Thacker et al<sup>1</sup>have made several methodological errors in their analysis of injuries. We have summarized these below: First, in two of our earlier articles<sup>2,3</sup>on day-care injuries that occurred during a 5-year and a 3.5-year span, each study had a total of 133 subjects. However, we noted that not all children were enrolled for the entire duration. Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries divided by exposure; exposure was the product of the number of subjects multiplied by the subjects' time in the study. Use by Thacker et al of the total rather than the average number of children per year resulted in a large underestimate of the true injury rate. Bitner and DeLissovoy<sup>4</sup>stated that there were 58 children in three classrooms (the number cited by Thacker et al)
GYNECOMASTIA IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Rulon W. Rawson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Gynecomastia has been variously defined as ' "mammary feminism," "an affection of the male breast in which the gland tends to assume the size, shape, and sometimes the functions of the female breast" or simply as a "hypertrophy of the male breast." Karsner,<sup>1</sup>in an excellent anatomical study of 280 male breasts which had been removed in treatment of this phenomenon, defined gynecomastia as "an enlargment of the mammary gland or glands of the male due to proliferation of connective tissue, dense in the general stroma and often loosely arranged in periductal regions together with variable degrees of multiplication, elongation or branching of ducts or all three without formation of true acini, accompanied by periductal or more widespread infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, large mononuclear cells, and occasionally eosinophils or neutrophilic polymorphonuclear or both." This interesting phenomenon of enlarged male breasts has been observed in association with a great variety
ACE inhibitor reduces cardiovascular events by 22
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Adding an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to standard care in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke by nearly one quarter. This is the finding of a major study presented at last week's annual meeting of the European Society of Cardiology, held in Barcelona.

In contrast, negative results in a trial with an oral platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonist (showing no difference in survival in patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction when compared with aspirin) seemed to signal the end of the line for these agents, after similar findings in two previous trials.

The first study—the heart outcomes prevention evaluation (HOPE)—showed that patients randomised to the ACE …
540 DESIGN OF A P53-DEPENDENT SELF-DESTRUCTION SWITCH ENHANCES SELECTIVITY OF CONDITIONALLY REPLICATING ADENOVIRUSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF P53-ALTERED TUMORS
Authors: P. Schache, A. Goez, E. Gürlevik, N. Strüver, M. Manns, S. Kubicka, F. Kühnel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Comparison of the direct and indirect effects of epinephrine on hepatic glucose production.
Authors: C A Chu, D K Sindelar, D W Neal, E J Allen, E P Donahue, A D Cherrington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To determine the extent to which the effect of a physiologic increment in epinephrine (EPI) on glucose production (GP) arises indirectly from its action on peripheral tissues (muscle and adipose tissue), epinephrine was infused intraportally (EPI po) or peripherally (EPI pe) into 18-h-fasted conscious dogs maintained on a pancreatic clamp. Arterial EPI levels in EPI po and EPI pe groups rose from 97 +/- 29 to 107 +/- 37 and 42 +/- 12 to 1,064 +/- 144 pg/ml, respectively. Hepatic sinusoidal EPI levels in EPI po and EPI pe were indistinguishable (561 +/- 84 and 568 +/- 75 pg/ml, respectively). During peripheral epinephrine infusion, GP increased from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 5.1 +/- 0.2 mg/kg x min (10 min). In the presence of the same rise in sinusoidal EPI, but with no rise in arterial EPI (during portal EPI infusion), GP increased from 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 3.8 +/- 0.6 mg/kg x min. Peripheral EPI infusion increased the maximal gluconeogenic rate from 0.7 +/- 0.4 to 1.8 +/- 0.5 mg/ kg x min. Portal EPI infusion did not change the maximal gluconeogenic rate. The estimated initial increase in glycogenolysis was approximately 1.7 and 2.3 mg/kg x min in the EPI pe and EPI po groups, respectively. Gluconeogenesis was responsible for 60% of the overall increase in glucose production stimulated by the increase in plasma epinephrine (EPI pe). Elevation of sinusoidal EPI per se had no direct gluconeogenic effect on the liver, thus its effect on glucose production was solely attributable to an increase in glycogenolysis. Lastly, the gluconeogenic effects of EPI markedly decreased (60-80%) its overall glycogenolytic action on the liver.
Abstract 1967: Rb dephosphorylation and cleavage in Apoptosis.
Authors: Lisa Antonucci, Brandon Lentine, Gabriel De Leon, Nancy A. Krucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is important in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Its activity is controlled by reversible phosphorylation on several serine and threonine residues. The role of Rb phosphorylation in the control of apoptosis is largely unknown, although several apoptotic stimuli result in dephosphorylation of Rb. We have recently shown that dephosphorylation of Threonine-821 of Rb is required for apoptosis triggered by UV radiation and by the cdk inhibitor, Roscovitine. Here we show that Roscovitine induced dephosphorylation of Threonine-821 occurred concomitant with C-terminal cleavage of Rb, which is a known marker of apoptosis. In attempt to characterize the role of Rb dephosphorylation in the process of Rb cleavage, we have utilized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that express a mutant Rb in which the carboxy-terminal caspase cleavage site (884DEADG888) of Rb is altered to DEAAE which is resistant to cleavage (RB-MI). Roscovitine treatment (8 hours, 25μM) causes a reduction in cell number in WT MEFs, but has no effect on RB-MI MEFs. In addition, Roscovitine causes apoptosis in 60-70% of WT MEFs, however Roscovitine is unable to induce apoptosis in RB-MI MEFs demonstrating that the cdk inhibitor requires the carboxy-terminal cleavage of Rb in order to stimulate apoptosis. Apoptosis was measured using a DNA fragmentation ELISA, TUNEL assay, and by immunoblotting of active caspase-3. Experiments are currently underway to determine whether dephosphorylation of Threonine-821, specifically, is required for Rb cleavage. Citation Format: Lisa Antonucci, Brandon Lentine, Gabriel De Leon, Nancy A. Krucher. Rb dephosphorylation and cleavage in Apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1967. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1967
Is Weaning Failure Caused by Low-Frequency Fatigue of the Diaphragm?
Authors: Franco Laghi, Steven E. Cattapan, Amal Jubran, Sairam Parthasarathy, Paul Warshawsky, Yoon-Sub A. Choi, Martin J. Tobin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Because patients who fail a trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation experience a marked increase in respiratory load, we hypothesized that these patients develop diaphragmatic fatigue. Accordingly, we measured twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure using phrenic nerve stimulation in 11 weaning failure and 8 weaning success patients. Measurements were made before and 30 minutes after spontaneous breathing trials that lasted up to 60 minutes. Twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure was 8.9 ± 2.2 cm H2O before the trials and 9.4 ± 2.4 cm H2O after their completion in the weaning failure patients (p = 0.17); the corresponding values in the weaning success patients were 10.3 ± 1.5 and 11.2 ± 1.8 cm H2O (p = 0.18). Despite greater load (p = 0.04) and diaphragmatic effort (p = 0.01), the weaning failure patients did not develop low-frequency fatigue probably because of greater recruitment of rib cage and expiratory muscles (p = 0.004) and because clinical signs of distress mandating the reinstitution of mechanical ventilation arose before the development of fatigue. Twitch pressure revealed considerable diaphragmatic weakness in many weaning failure patients. In conclusion, in contrast to our hypothesis, weaning failure was not accompanied by low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm, although many weaning failure patients displayed diaphragmatic weakness.
Priority setting needs strong leadership
Authors: J. V Howell
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The articles on rationing health care provide a good overview of the present situation.1 2 3 Daniels and Sabin’s article provides some firm ground if you think that priority setting is inevitable (and it is).2 Tough decisions are needed, and Daniels and Sabin’s approach could help commissioners gain legitimacy and resist the legal, media, and commercial challenges that cause politicians to intervene. …
Sexual selection and social roles: Two models or one?
Authors: Pierre L. van den Berghe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Nothing is gained by opposing “sexual selection” and “social roles,” or by proclaiming the supremacy of one over the other. Instead, we should develop a unitary model of gene-culture coevolution, allowing for the complex interaction of both, and varying importance of each, all within our double, species-specific, adaptive, evolutionary track.
Tuberculosis Mortality and Morbidity and the Problem of BCG Vaccination in the United States
Authors: Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN November, 1953, an expert committee of the World Health Organization unanimously concluded that "a specific resistance to tuberculosis can be induced by artificial means (vaccination)." After that meeting one of its distinguished Swedish members felt "justified in again drawing attention to the problem of the efficacy of BCG vaccination and to the principles of its application." In so doing he summarized the arguments against mass vaccinations in countries (like the Scandinavian or the United States) in which the mortality and morbidity rates for tuberculosis are low and declining.Briefly, Wallgren1 pointed out first that all students of the subjects . . .
A Salicylsulphonic Acid Tablet Test for Protein in Urine
Authors: D. N. Baron, C. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1957)

In six experiments carried out on dogs treated with heparin or with procaine block the prothrombin time was measured 10 days after the administration of heparin and after 10 lumbar blocks carried out over 10 days.In all these experiments the prothrombin time was not prolonged. ConclusionsMany questions connected with the problems tackled remain unsolved; nevertheless, while further investigations are necessary it seems that the following conclusions are justified:1.The intravenous injection of a 50 % solution of
Bristol doctor refused accessto confidential GMC notes
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dr John Roylance, one of the three doctors found guilty of serious professional misconduct in the Bristol heart surgery case, has lost an unprecedented legal bid to obtain notes of confidential deliberations by the General Medical Council's (GMC) professional conduct committee during its nine month inquiry into the case.

Dr Roylance, former chief executive of United Bristol Healthcare Trust, is the only one of the three doctors to appeal against the GMC's findings last June. His appeal, due to start on 10 February, is partly based …
Au@Pt nanostructures as oxidase and peroxidase mimetics for use in immunoassays
Authors: Weiwei He, Ying Liu, Jinshan Yuan, Jun-Jie Yin, Xiaochun Wu, Xiaona Hu, Ke Zhang, Jianbo Liu, Chunying Chen, Yinglu Ji, Yuting Guo
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Surgeons and Surgery in Rhode Island, 1970 and 1977
Authors: Donald C. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

In the 1970s the likelihood of an oversupply of physicians in the United States began to be recognized by health-manpower analysts. The number of surgeons available to meet the population's needs was of particular concern. Using data from 1970 on four representative geographic areas, including Rhode Island, investigators in the Study on Surgical Services for the United States (SOSSUS) found operative workloads of surgeons to be light by any standard; they recommended several actions to limit the number of physicians performing operations. I repeated the 1970 SOSSUS analysis of Rhode Island, using data from this state for 1977. Comparison of the results for 1970 and 1977 indicated that, at least in this state, little or no progress had been made in reducing the excess of surgical manpower. As of 1977, the SOSSUS recommendations were having no demonstrable impact in Rhode Island. The number of surgeons was continuing to increase without apparent need, as judged by operative workloads.
Nanostructured Hollow Tubes Based on Chitosan and Alginate Multilayers
Authors: Joana M. Silva, Ana Rita C. Duarte, Catarina A. Custódio, Praveen Sher, Ana I. Neto, António C. M. Pinho, Jaime Fonseca, Rui L. Reis, João F. Mano
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The design and production of structures with nanometer‐sized polymer films based on layer‐by‐layer (LbL) are of particular interest for tissue engineering since they allow the precise control of physical and biochemical cues of implantable devices. In this work, a method is developed for the preparation of nanostructured hollow multilayers tubes combining LbL and template leaching. The aim is to produce hollow tubes based on polyelectrolyte multilayer films with tuned physical‐chemical properties and study their effects on cell behavior. The final tubular structures are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, swelling, and mechanical tests, including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in physiological simulated conditions. It is found that more robust films could be produced upon chemical cross‐linking with genipin. In particular, the mechanical properties confirms the viscoelastic properties and a storage and young modulus about two times higher. The water uptake decreases from about 390% to 110% after the cross‐linking. The biological performance is assessed in terms of cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The results obtained with the cross‐linked tubes demonstrate that these are more suitable structures for cell adhesion and spreading. The results suggest the potential of these structures to boost the development of innovative tubular structures for tissue engineering approaches.
Further Observations on Antiseptic Snuffs
Authors: M. E. Delafield, E. Straker
Journal: BMJ (1941)

GANGRENE MEDICALIJSOAL21varieties of gas infection of wounds as gas gangrene has been responsible for considerable diversity of opinion on the value of different methods of treatment.The differentiation is essentially a clinical one, and the im- portance of odour as a sign of gas gangrene is stressed.The histories are given of three cases of anaerobic cellulitis and four cases of gas gangrene.My thanks are due to Mr. Cecil Joll and Mr.
It makes your hair curl
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1995)

“I can smoke as many cigarettes as I like,” confidently asserted the frontman for the unappetising looking pellets, the colour of cow dung, “because I take loads of Chlorella.” These algae turned up in various guises at the Natural Health Show, billed by its organisers as “a dynamic blend of live entertainment, expert information, and natural product/service display.” The sweltering fug of the exhibition halls had sapped most of the dynamism, but astrology by computer was doing brisk business, and a trio of lithe body workers valiantly produced some contortions for an audience bathed in womb music.

If you weren't interested in seeing how others did it, you could try out a range of therapies for yourself and be massaged, bathed, and pummelled …
Invasive cancer arising in a colonic inverted hyperplastic polyp
Authors: K. Fu, T. Fujii, H. Kuwayama, T. Ishikawa, Y. Ueda, T. Fujimori
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 64-year-old man underwent colonoscopy for the investigation of lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopy showed a whitish, flat, elevated polyp, 10 mm in diameter, in the ascending colon ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was carried out, and the resected specimen histologically revealed both invasive cancer and serrated adenomatous glands coexisting in an inverted hyperplastic polyp (IHP) ([Fig. 2 a – c]). A follow-up colonoscopy 6 months later revealed an irregularly elevated normal mucosa with fold convergence adjacent to the EMR scar ([Fig. 3]). Although endoscopic features suggested a recurrent cancer, endoscopic biopsies unfortunately failed to identify recurrent cancer histologically. Surprisingly, a second follow-up colonoscopy only 3 months later showed an advanced colon cancer ([Fig. 4]). Endoscopic biopsies showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and therefore surgical resection was carried out. Histologically, the recurrent cancer was a subserosally invasive, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with vascular invasion and nodal involvement, and it was classified as stage III (T3N2M0).
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters support the in vitro proliferation of murine pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
Authors: J L Spivak, B B Hogans, R K Stuart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The effect of tumor-promoting phorbol esters on the in vitro proliferation of mouse pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) was examined using a short-term in vitro culture system and an 11-d spleen colony assay. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 10(-7) M), but not the inert compound phorbol, supported the in vitro survival of day 11 CFU-S for 72 h in a manner similar to IL 3. PMA also enhanced the effect of IL 3 on the in vitro survival of day 11 CFU-S and as little as 1 h of exposure to PMA was sufficient for this purpose. The effect of PMA on CFU-S survival in vitro was not mediated by prostaglandins, did not require an established adherent cell population, and was observed at a concentration of 10(-9) M. PMA alone did not enhance the in vitro survival of day 11 CFU-S at very low concentrations of FCS but was still able to potentiate the effect of IL 3 on these cells. PMA also enhanced the in vitro survival of day 11 CFU-S from mice treated with 5-fluorouracil or from marrow cells exposed to merocyanine 540 and light. The interaction of PMA with day 11 CFU-S was not inhibited by a neutralizing antiserum to IL 3 but was inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7. Together, the data indicate that tumor-promoting phorbol esters interact with pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. Like IL 3, their effect appears to be permissive and involves stem cells with marrow repopulating ability.