tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Use of Ibuprofen Is Associated with Slower FEV<sub>1</sub> Decline in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Michael W. Konstan, Mark D. Schluchter, Wei Xue, Pamela B. Davis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

High-dose ibuprofen in a 4-year controlled trial slowed FEV(1) decline in young subjects with cystic fibrosis, but the effectiveness of ibuprofen has not been assessed in a large group of patients treated clinically with this therapy.To assess the effect of ibuprofen therapy on FEV(1) decline in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, using observational data from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry.The rate of decline in FEV(1) percent predicted over 2-7 years among patients age 6-17 years with FEV(1) > 60% predicted, and who were treated with ibuprofen (1,365), was compared with patients of similar age and disease severity who were not treated with this therapy (8,960). Multilevel repeated-measures mixed-regression models were used to estimate rates of decline, adjusting for characteristics and therapies that influenced FEV(1) decline. Adverse effects were compared among those treated versus not treated with ibuprofen.FEV(1) declined less rapidly among patients treated with ibuprofen (difference, 0.60% predicted per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.89; P < 0.0001); a 29% reduction in slope based on an average decline of 2.08% predicted per year for patients not treated. Those treated with ibuprofen were more likely to have an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding requiring hospitalization, but the occurrence was rare in both groups (annual incidence, 0.37 vs. 0.14%; relative risk, 2.72; P < 0.001).Slower rates of FEV(1) decline are seen in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis who are treated with ibuprofen. The apparent benefits of ibuprofen therapy outweigh the small risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
AUTOINTOXICATION FROM DEFECTIVE MENSTRUATION.
Authors: ARTHUR W. JOHNSTONE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

One of the principal purposes of menstruation is ridding the maternal blood of the unused fetal food. It has been known for generations that the fetus must be fed in some way, but until the last decade due allowance has never been made for the methods by which this food is obtained and the routes by which it is gotten rid of when unused. Jacobi and Stephenson were among the first to observe the increased oxidation by which Nature burns it up. My own original work, so far, has dealt almost exclusively with the mechanics and hydrostatics of this extra wave, but what I now propose to give you is largely chemical. We all now know that during the child-bearing age the woman eats for two. The healthy woman in the non-impregnated state gets rid of this extra amount of food by menstruation. During the intrauterine life of the child
Psychological research on heuristics meets the law
Authors: Christoph Engel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Heuristics make decisions not only fast and frugally, but often nearly as well as “full” rationality or even better. Using such heuristics should therefore meet health care standards under liability law. But an independent court often has little chance to verify the necessary information. And judgments based on heuristics might appear to have little legitimacy, given the widespread belief in formal rationality.
PROPER USE OF IRON, LIVER EXTRACT, VITAMIN B12, AND FOLIC ACID IN ANEMIAS
Authors: Frank J. Heck
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the past 25 years the methods of treating the anemias have undergone striking changes which have made necessary, attention to accurate classification and grouping of patients. It is interesting that thinking in regard to the use of iron should have changed so radically at approximately the same time that treatment with liver was introduced, yet this change was the natural outcome of the extensive research carried on by Whipple and his associates and many other workers in the field. It was probably only natural, too, that after demonstration of the amazing response of pernicious anemia to liver this material should be tried in other types of anemia. The introduction of liver extract and desiccated hog stomach for oral use and, later, of extracts for parenteral use further accelerated the tendency of members of the medical profession to use many different preparations in the treatment of anemia without paying much
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Patrick J. Lustman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Psychotherapy is the principal nonpharmacologic method for the management of depression, but its usefulness for depressed patients with diabetes remains unknown. Objective: To assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for depression in patients with diabetes. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Referral-based academic medical center. Patients: 51 patients with type 2 diabetes and major depression. Intervention: Patients were assigned either to a group that received 10 weeks of individual CBT or to a control group that received no specific antidepressant treatment. All patients participated in a diabetes education program to control for the effects of supportive attention and the possible influence of enhanced diabetes control on mood. Measurements: Degree of depression was measured by using the Beck Depression Inventory; glycemic control was measured by using glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Outcomes were assessed immediately after treatment and 6 months after treatment. Results: The percentage of patients achieving remission of depression (Beck Depression Inventory score ≤ 9) was greater in the CBT group than in the control group: posttreatment, 85.0% of patients in the CBT group (17 of 20) compared with 27.3% of controls (6 of 22) achieved remission (difference, 57.7 percentage points [95% CI, 33 to 82 percentage points]) (P < 0.001); at follow-up, 70.0% of patients in the CBT group (14 of 20) compared with 33.3% of controls (7 of 21) achieved remission (difference, 36.7 percentage points [CI, 9 to 65 percentage points]) (P = 0.03). Post-treatment glycosylated hemoglobin levels were not different in the two groups, but follow-up mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly better in the CBT group than in the control group (9.5% compared with 10.9%; P = 0.03). Conclusions: The combination of CBT and supportive diabetes education is an effective nonpharmacologic treatment for major depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. It may also be associated with improved glycemic control.
Airflow Resistances of Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Robert R. Demers
Journal: JAMA (1977)

An increase in airway resistance secondary to the retention of pulmonary secretions is commonly observed in acute respiratory failure and represents one of the cardinal indications for endotracheal intubation. Placement of an endotracheal tube promotes tracheal toilet by providing a patent airway through which copious or viscid secretions may be suctioned. On the other hand, it must be remembered that an endotracheal tube constitutes a flow-resistive element against which the ventilatory apparatus must work. Usually, this added work is of minor clinical consequence because the energy is furnished by a mechanical ventilator instead of the patient. In such a context, the facilitation of bronchial hygiene constitutes the highest priority. Once the patient is stabilized and the withdrawal of mechanical ventilatory support (weaning) is contemplated, however, the net benefit of tube maintenance may become marginal or illusory.  A recent communication in JAMA  1 has effectively emphasized the fact that the endotracheal
Adrenocortical suppression in multiply injured patients: a complication of etomidate treatment.
Authors: I W Fellows, M D Bastow, A J Byrne, S P Allison
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Three patients admitted to the intensive care unit after multiple injury were observed to suffer episodes of adrenocortical insufficiency suggested by clinical manifestations and confirmed by appropriately low cortisol concentrations. This prompted a prospective study of pituitary-adrenocortical function in six multiply injured patients, three of whom showed evidence of adrenocortical suppression. The only factor common to the six patients with abnormally low adrenocortical function was an association between periods of adrenocortical suppression and intravenous infusion of etomidate; when the drug was stopped adrenocortical function was restored, and renewed administration of the drug caused further inhibition. Etomidate infusions lasting only six hours were found to cause low, flat responses to short tetracosactrin tests and grossly raised plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, suggesting direct suppression of the adrenal cortex. Median plasma cortisol concentrations measured at 0900 were significantly lower and median plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone measured at 0900 were significantly higher in the three patients studied prospectively who were receiving etomidate infusions compared with the three patients who did not receive etomidate (p = 0.05).
Points from Letters: Injecting Hydroceles--An Unproved Treatment?
Authors: H. G. Sturzaker
Journal: BMJ (1973)

seen a young mother decerebrated by inappropriate insulin continuation one can never forget it.May I make a second point concerning medical management?In my part of the world we can very frequently manage over- weight pregnant diabetics with on 800-kcal regimen only, with considerable success, even when initial blood glucose levels have been around 300 mg/100 ml.-I am, etc.,
Off label prescribing in children
Authors: S Guiton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—We read with interest the articles regarding off licence prescribing in children and agree that prescribing in children must improve.1–4 It will be difficult to change the prescribing habits of doctors treating children. If only licensed drugs were prescribed, it would greatly restrict the pharmaceutical choice for that age group. We found it of particular interest that the formulary approved by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health ( Medicines for Children ) states that doctors who prescribe for a child should choose the medicine that offers the best prospect for the child, with due regard to cost and that in general it is not necessary to obtain the explicit consent of parents, carers, or child patients to prescribe or administer licensed medicines for unlicensed applications or unlicensed medicines.5

Credit: MIKE BLUESTONE/SPL

In stark contrast to this the Small Animal Formulary (4th ed) approved by the British Small Animal Veterinary Association states that when using non-authorised products informed written consent should be obtained from clients, to reduce any liability that may fall on veterinary …
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING LYMPH NODE CELLS
Authors: T. N. Harris, Klaus Hummeler, Susanna Harris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Lymph node cells of rabbits injected with sheep erythrocytes, identified as antibody-producing by their ability to produce plaques of hemolysis in erythrocyte-containing agar layers, have been examined by electron microscopy, by the use of a procedure devised for subjecting single cells to such examination. The antibody-producing cells thus examined were found to fall into two classes, according to the current terminology: some were in the category of lymphocytes, and others, in the category of plasma cells. Within each class, cells were found to vary in certain characteristics, especially in the degree of development of such organelles as the nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum especially, it could be seen that a series of these plaque-producing cells, ranked in order of increasing size and development of the endoplasmic reticulum, would extend over a considerable range from those lymphocytes with the least developed organelles to the mature plasma cells with the greatest development of these structures.
Nitroxoline induces apoptosis and slows glioma growth in vivo
Authors: Jelena Lazovic, Lea Guo, Jonathan Nakashima, Leili Mirsadraei, William Yong, Hyun J. Kim, Benjamin Ellingson, Hong Wu, Whitney B. Pope
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Nitroxoline is an FDA-approved antibiotic with potential antitumor activity. Here we evaluated whether nitroxoline has antiproliferative properties on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo using glioma cell lines and a genetically engineered PTEN/KRAS mouse glioma model. The effect of nitroxoline treatment on U87 and/or U251 glioma cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, invasion, and ability to induce an apoptotic cascade was determined in vitro. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure glioma volumes in genetically engineered PTEN/KRAS mice prior to and after nitroxoline therapy. Induction of apoptosis by nitroxoline was evaluated at the end of treatment using terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Nitroxoline inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. Growth inhibition was associated with cell-cycle arrest in G1/G0 phase and induction of apoptosis via caspase 3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In vivo, nitroxoline-treated mice had no increase in tumor volume after 14 days of treatment, whereas tumor volumes doubled in control mice. Histological examination revealed 15%–20% TUNEL-positive cells in nitroxoline-treated mice, compared with ∼5% in the control group. Nitroxoline induces apoptosis and inhibits glioma growth in vivo and in vitro. As an already FDA-approved treatment for urinary tract infections with a known safety profile, nitroxoline could move quickly into clinical trials pending confirmatory studies.
SCINTIGRAPHIC/VISUAL FUSION IMAGING FOR IMPROVED LOCALIZATION OF ABNORMALITIES ON PLANAR SCANNING
Authors: L S Zuckier, J M Puthiamadathil, T Vazirani, A P Dhawan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Cancer: Strong Signal for Cell Phone Effects
Authors: M. Nathaniel Mead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Strong Signal for Cell Phone EffectsWith 3 billion cell phone users worldwide and more than 260 million in the United States alone-among them 46% of U.S. children aged 8-12, according to Nielsen Mobile figures released 10 September 2008human exposure to low-energy radiation in the 800-to 2,000-megahertz range is at an all-time high.The most recent attempt to systematically review the epidemiologic evidence for increased risk of brain tumors related to cell phone use indicates that repercussions from this global experiment are coming to light.In a meta-analysis published in the May 2008 issue of the International Journal of Oncology, Swedish researchers found significant associations between longterm cell phone use and brain tumor risk."We found that cell phone use is linked to gliomas [malignant brain tumors] and acoustic neuromas [benign tumors of the brain's auditory nerve] and are showing up after only ten years," says lead author Lennart Hardell, an oncologist and cancer epidemiologist at University Hospital in Örebro, Sweden.Specifically, for studies that included at least 10 years of exposure, there was a doubling in the risk of gliomas for ipsilateral (same-side) but not contralateral (opposite-side) exposures to the head (as reflected by which hand the subject typically used to hold his/her cell phone).A 2.4-fold increase in risk was seen for acoustic neuromas due to ipsilateral exposures, whereas no increased risk occurred for meningiomas (tumors that occur in the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)."Clearly we need more studies of longterm cell phone usage to better assess the cancer risks," says coauthor Michael Carlberg.Cell phones have been in mainstream usage for only a decade or so, and yet radiation-induced brain tumors normally take about 10-15 years to develop, according to the American Cancer Society.Hardell's research team was itself the source of several studies included in the meta-analysis.In the October 2006 issue of the World Journal of Surgical Oncology, the investigators reported a 70% increased risk of grade III-IV astrocytomas (highly aggressive brain tumors) for analog cell phone users.This same study found a nearly 4-fold increase in risk for acoustic neuromas after 15 years of exposure to analog cell phones.
934-23 Reproducibility of Qualitative and Quantitative Angiographic Findings in the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) Registry
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, Elizabeth Kennard, Wanlin Yeh, Alan J. Merritt, Ya Chien Chuang, Robert A. DeFalco, Benjamin Kleiber, Teraza Y. Conway, Anand Desai, Katherine Detre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Benzquinamide
Authors: Alexander Scriabine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AN IMPORTANT GOAL of psychopharmacological research is the development of new therapeutic agents that alleviate clinical anxiety without interfering with normal functional capability. Benzquinamide (Quantril), a new benzoquinolizine amide, acetate of 2-hydroxy-3-diethylcarbamyl-9, 10-dimethoxy-1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7-hexahydro-11bH-benzoquinolizine (see formula), has demonstrated promising selectivity of action in animal pharmacology<sup>1</sup>and therapeutic usefulness in a variety of clinical anxiety states.<sup>2-8</sup>Earlier studies and additionalexperimental findings summarized below illustrate certain pharmacological similarities of benzquinamide to earlier clinically useful psychotherapeutic drugs but also suggest notable pharmacological differences. <h3>Behavioral Effects in Animals</h3> The effects of experimental compounds on learned avoidance behavior and aggressiveness in animals are useful pharmacological indexes of potential clinical usefulness in mental and emotional disorders. Previous work in our laboratories revealed that benzquinamide is a potent disruptor of nondiscriminated avoidance behavior in both rats and monkeys.<sup>1</sup>This activity occurred at dosage levels at which the animal's
PHYSIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF OPIUM ADDICTION
Authors: ARTHUR B. LIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The etiology and subsequent events attendant on addiction to opium or such of its derivatives as are known to be habit forming are quite clear. Its continued use will most certainly at some time be followed by a distinct euphoria, so intense that few, if any, who have ever experienced it can resist the desire for its return. Attempts to obtain from numerous addicts an adequate description of their feelings and emotions while under the influence of the drug has left much to be desired. "God's own medicine," a term frequently used by Osler, when he prescribed morphine, is a common expression used by the addict. Homer's Odyssey<sup>1</sup>contains a sentence which reads, "Whoe'er his wine so medicated drinks, he shall not pour all day the tears down his wan cheek, although his father and his mother both were dead, nor even though his brother or his son had
Report on Psychiatric Residential Week-End Study Courses
Authors: G. Egan, I. Frost
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1959)

Research Articles| February 10 2010 Report on Psychiatric Residential Week-End Study Courses Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology G. Egan; G. Egan aLiverpool, Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. Frost I. Frost bChester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica (1959) 7 (Suppl. 1): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285424 Article history Published Online: February 10 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. Egan, I. Frost; Report on Psychiatric Residential Week-End Study Courses. Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 1 January 1959; 7 (Suppl. 1): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285424 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1959Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Decreases in Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Diseases in US Army Children, 1984 Through 1991
Authors: Laurel Evans Broadhurst
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To document trends in the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in young children of US Army active duty soldiers following the publication of H influenzae type b immunization recommendations for young children between 1985 and 1990.A population-based surveillance of hospital discharge diagnoses for H influenzae invasive diseases.Military and civilian medical treatment facilities around the world.There was a mean population of nearly 200,000 US Army health care beneficiaries younger than 5 years of age each year of the study.Annual total and age-specific incidences of the six most common H influenzae invasive diseases in this population (meningitis, epiglottitis, septicemia, pneumonia, cellulitis, and septic arthritis).The annual number of cases of H influenzae invasive diseases decreased from a high of 188 in 1986 to 43 in 1991. The incidence in the age group at highest risk for H influenzae disease, those 6 to 11 months of age, decreased from 355 per 100,000 children in 1986 to 116 per 100,000 in 1991 (P < .0001, chi 2 for trend). The incidence for H influenzae meningitis declined from 59 per 100,000 children in 1986 to 6 per 100,000 in 1991 (P < .0001, chi 2 for trend).The decrease in H influenzae invasive diseases closely follows the dates of H influenzae type b vaccine licensure for use in progressively younger age groups. Some age groups, however, experienced a decline in disease rates even before becoming eligible for vaccination.