tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of hypoglycemia on myocardial ischemic injury during acute experimental coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: P Libby, P R Maroko, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1975)

To determine the effect of hypoglycemia on myocardial ischemic injury following coronary artery occlusion epicardial electrograms were recorded 15 minutes after two 20-minute coronary artery occlusions in seven anesthetized dogs. The first occlusion was a control (blood glucose 85 plus or minus 5(sd) mg per cent). Before the second occlusion hypoglycemia was induced (blood glucose 40 plus or minus 5 mg per cent) by the intravenous administration of insulin (2 units/kg). The average ST-segment elevation in leads during control was 3.5 plus or minus 1.0 mV which rose to 6.1 plus or minus 1.4 mV during the second occlusion (P smaller than 0.05). The number of sites showing ST-segment elevation exceeding 2 mV increased from 7.6 plus or minus 1.6 during control to 10.6 plus or minus 1.4 (P smaller than 0.05) during the occlusion with hypoglycemia. In other dogs, a coronary artery was occluded for 24 hours. Epicardial ST-segment elevations were compared to creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and histological appearance from the same sites. CPK activity in sites with normal ST segments (0-2 mV) was 33.1 plus or minus 6.0 IU/mg protein. Six additional dogs received insulin following the 15 minute epicardial map and blood sugar was maintained at a level of 46 plus or minus 6 mg per cent for the 24 hours. These dogs showed more myocardial necrosis than predicted by the ST-segment elevation prior to insulin administration. Forty-six percent of sites, which in control dogs would have been expected to have normal CPK and histological appearance, showed depressed CPK activity and histological evidence of early myocardial necrosis. Thus, hypoglycemia increases myocardial damage, as reflected by enzymatic and histological analyses.
BI-28 * NEW MONOCYTE SUBTYPING DISTINGUISHES GLIOMA PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS
Authors: W. B. L. van den Bossche, M. L. M. Lamfers, A. J. P. E. Vincent, S. de Bruin Versteeg, K. Josiassen, A. Orfao, C. M. F. Dirven, J. J. M. van Dongen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Monocyte subset distribution in blood, based on expression of CD14 and CD16, has been shown to correlate with cancer, auto-immune and infectious disease. Consequently, analysis of monocyte subsets in glioma patients could lead to new insights in diagnosis and monitoring of disease and therapy. We investigated the expression pattern of 58 monocyte markers resulting in the identification of two novel monocyte subsets. These findings were used to investigate the monocyte subset distribution in glioma. METHODS: The expression pattern of 58 antibodies against different monocyte markers was evaluated on blood of 5 healthy volunteers using 8-color flow cytometry with novel technologies and APS software tools of the EuroFlow program (www.euroflow.org). Subsequently we investigated blood from 18 healthy controls and 164 glioma-suspected patients for the conventional monocyte subset distribution. Fifty-five of these patients were also investigated with our novel 8-color flow cytometric antibody panel for studies of the novel monocyte subsets. RESULTS: Eight of the evaluated 58 monocyte markers allowed the identification of two new monocyte subsets in addition to the three conventional subsets. Absolute numbers of monocytes and one subset were significantly reduced in the grade II and III glioma compared to cerebral metastasis. Furthermore we found that two other subsets were significantly decreased and one increased (relative and absolute) in our patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Moreover one subset showed a significant negative correlation with glioma diameter (P < 0.001). No correlation between the different subsets and dexamethasone usage was found. CONCLUSIONS: The relative and absolute distribution of monocyte subsets appeared to be significantly different between glioma patients, cerebral metastasis, and healthy controls. One subset significantly correlated with glioma diameter. We are currently investigating whether the differences in subset distribution predict outcome and/or therapy efficacy. Monocyte subset analysis might be applicable as diagnostic and monitoring tool in glioma patients.
6 BARIATRIC SURGERY AN EFFICIENT TREATMENT FOR PATIENT WITH STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: G. Lassailly, R. Caïazzo, D. Buob, L. Arnalsteen, A. Louvet, E. Leteurtre, M. Colin, S. Dharancy, A. Hollebecque, V. Canva-Delcambre, P. Deltenre, F. Pattou, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
REPRINTS ON STRESS
Authors: Hans Selye
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:—  In 1950, our institute initiated the publication of a series of reference volumes entitled Annual Reports on Stress (Montreal, Acta Medical Publishers) in which the current world literature is surveyed every year. Up to now, we have compiled the pertinent literature partly from medical periodicals, monographs, and abstracts and partly from reprints sent to us by authors. Of all these, reprints proved to be the best source of data that we felt deserved prompt attention in our annual reports. To insure prompt inclusion of publications in the annual reports, investigators interested in stress research are requested to send us their reprints as soon as they are available.
TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH REMNANT LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL PREDICTS ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN AFRICAN AMERICANS: THE JACKSON HEART STUDY
Authors: Arif Khokhar, Seth S. Martin, Parag H. Joshi, Michael Blaha, Seth T. Lirette, Michael Griswold, Krishnaji Kulkarni, Herman Taylor, Steven Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Doctors no better at assessing young person's age than experienced social workers, High Court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Paediatricians are no better than trained and experienced social workers in assessing whether an asylum seeker is younger than 18, a UK High Court judge has ruled.

The decision in two test cases at the High Court in London is expected to stem a flood of legal challenges by young asylum seekers who claim to be under 18 but are deemed by local councils to be adults.

Asylum seekers under 18 who arrive in the United Kingdom unaccompanied are classed as children and unlike adults are eligible for local authority housing and care. They also have the automatic right to stay till they reach 18.

Charles Bear QC, for Kent County Council, told the judge, Mr Justice Collins, at an earlier hearing that a “litigation industry” had grown …
Conscientious objection to abortion.
Authors: R L Walley
Journal: BMJ (1972)

FIG. 1-Sonogram.Transverse B-scan 2 cm below umbilicus.12 10 2 -8 0' a-k 2 0 lb 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 Weeks of qestation FIG.2-Patient's human placental lactogen levels (normal range + 2 S.D. also shown).The arrow refers to time of delivery.vated levels of 'human placental lactogen might have been due to the tumour itself and that the fall was due to interference with the blood supply by the increasing pressure of .polyhydramnios.This decline in placental function may have contributed to the onset of premature labour.-Weare, etc.,
Disease activity and joint damage progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: relation to IgG, IgA, and IgM rheumatoid factor.
Authors: K B Eberhardt, L Truedsson, H Pettersson, B Svensson, L Stigsson, J L Eberhardt, F A Wollheim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The clinical and biochemical correlations with joint damage progression over two years in a consecutive group of 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with disease duration of less than two years are reported. Joint damage was assessed with Larsen9s severity scale and a measure of change in progression rate constructed. Initial haemoglobin concentration, Ritchie index, and Waaler-Rose titre in combination accounted for one third of the variance in joint damage progression. Rheumatoid factor (RF) concentrations were followed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG RF, IgA RF, and IgM RF. The RF concentrations, except IgG RF, decreased with time; significant correlations between RFs and disease activity were few and barely clinically useful. After two years IgG RF correlated significantly with a radiological score if early non-erosive changes were omitted. All RFs tended to correlate better with this radiological score at all three observation points. Analyses of the change in progression rate indicated a time delay between development of radiographic changes and increase of IgG RF. These results suggest an indirect relation between RFs and joint damage. Clinical and biochemical improvements in early RA occur despite joint damage progression, and conventional markers have insufficient predictive value.
Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine
Authors: Lawrence A. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Greenblatt et al stressed the advantages of using pharmacokinetic principles to choose dosage regimens for intravenous administration of the important antiarrhythmic drug lidocaine. The rationale was based on the assumption (largely proved) that given concentrations of the drug in plasma can be characterized as being subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or toxic. We agree with the approach that a good first approximation to using the drug is to set a target concentration that is therapeutic and to try to avoid subtherapeutic or toxic levels. However, we believe that the same principles used by Greenblatt and coworkers should be applied to produce an optimal, not simply adequate, concentration of the drug in plasma. Accordingly, we feel that the regimen proposed by Greenblatt et al has two problems. First, it yields a period of subtherapeutic drug concentration. The authors infer this may be the reason for the requirement
Coronary artery disease and coalworkers' pneumoconiosis.
Authors: G B Rooke, A N Dempsey, F G Ward
Journal: BMJ (1976)

compression.Might I suggest to these gentlemen that they give electrical stimulation a trial-it does not cause bleeding and the neat "electronic" foam polyethylene gaiters6 (Donns Surgical Ltd) are much easier to apply and remove than a stocking.Moreover, electrical stimulation has given me ten years in general surgery without a serious pulmonary embolus, even when the patient has cancer.To Mr Clayton may I say that the gaiter may not have a good name in Leeds, where it was tried in the orthopaedic department for hip replacements.It was not satisfactorybut no other method is either with this operation.
Diversity of ?-globin mutations and clinical presentation of ?-thalassemia in Israel
Authors: Varda Oron-Karni, Dvora Filon, Yulia Shifrin, Elchanan Fried, Galina Pogrebijsky, Ariella Oppenheim, Deborah Rund
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

α-Thalassemia is among the world's most common single gene disorders, caused primarily by gene deletions. In Israel, where αo-trait thalassemia is uncommon, it is of particular importance because of its phenotypic interactions with β-thalassemia in hetero- and homozygotes. In a study of 232 individuals referred for molecular evaluation of anemia, 303 chromosomes carried α-globin gene abnormalities; 6 gene rearrangements and 11 point mutations were identified. This unexpected heterogeneity is in part due to the many ethnic subgroups represented by these patients. Our findings include nine unique Israeli alleles, 3 of which are described here for the first time. An equal number of point mutations was found in the α2-globin gene as compared to α1. A threonine deletion in codon 39 of the α1-globin gene, found frequently in Arabs, is unique to Israel and probably represents one of several indigenous alleles. Among Arabs, point mutations were more frequent than large deletions. Surprisingly, in Ashkenazi Jews, who resided for many centuries in a nonmalarial environment, a single α-globin gene deletion −α3.7 was found in many cases. The clinical presentation of individuals carrying two or more α-globin lesions was highly variable. In general, the severity correlated inversely with the number of functional α-globin genes. In some cases, impairment of two α-globin genes by point mutations led to a thalassemia-intermedia-like picture which could be misdiagnosed as β-thalassemia. We conclude that α-thalassemia is phenotypically and genotypically more heterogeneous than previously recognized. DNA analysis is invaluable as it provides a specific diagnosis and enables reliable genetic counseling. Am. J. Hematol. 65:196–203, 2000.© 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum
Authors: Robert E. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The fourth edition of Nyhus and Wastell's<i>Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum</i>, published by Little Brown &amp; Co Inc, completely lives up to the standards set by the first three editions. The book, as most gastrointestinal tract surgeons know, was originally published in 1962 by the late Henry N. Harkins and Lloyd Nyhus. Authors from around the world, all with great experience, contributed to this text by writing chapters or by providing "special comments" following the chapters. This volume covers the history and basic science of gastroduodenal disease and gastric and duodenal surgery. The late Dr Owen Wangensteen, his widow Sarah, and his distinguished student and colleague Clarence Dennis wrote and edited the historical review. The subsequent section is devoted to diagnostic techniques and includes a thorough review of the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Excellent sections on gastritis and gastric ulcer, on duodenal ulcer,
Evening primrose oil
Authors: J Kleijnen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

create an infrastructure which could enable the new material to be put to best use.No one doubts the critical importance of clinical effec- tiveness, and the NHS Executive is right to make it the concern of both purchasers and providers, but the use of contracting to change clinical practice will need evaluation (just as any other intervention requires evaluation).Stipulating that purchasing authorities should divert investment towards effective interventions and away from ineffective ones has a mechanistic feel to it.Purchasers need to have a more interactive role than this: they need to establish dialogue with local hospital doctors, general practitioners, and patients.In addition, hospital doctors need to talk to each other about policy and practice, and purchasers should insist that they do so.At this stage the role of the contracting mechanism should perhaps be to tie providers to this dialogue; to ensure that clinicians address issues of clinical policy and practice with their colleagues (including the local adapta- tion of evidence based clinical guidelines); and to enable local users of health services to have an informed voice.That would give all parties sufficient freedom for local col- laboration, while ensuring the commitment of providers.
GPs warn of dangers in allowing patients online access to their medical records
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMA’s General Practitioners Committee has warned that patients’ safety could be compromised by plans to allow patients to access their medical records online, as set out in the Government’s NHS Mandate earlier this week.

The mandate will require all patients to be able to book GP appointments online, order a repeat prescription online, exchange email with their GP, and access their records remotely by March 2015.1

The plans—initially set out in the government’s information strategy for the NHS in May2­—are part of a ministerial drive to increase the use of technology to help people manage their health.

But although GP leaders said that they …
Epithelial cell proliferation in the rectal stump of patients with ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.
Authors: T Lehy, M Mignon, J L Abitbol
Journal: Gut (1983)

Epithelial cell proliferation in the rectal stump after ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis was studied in 19 patients. This was achieved through in vitro incorporation of tritiated thymidine in mucosal biopsies and radioautographic analysis of the number and position of labelled nuclei in the crypts. Rectal biopsies from nine unoperated patients with ulcerative colitis and from 10 controls, were processed simultaneously. Except for one, all patients were clinically in remission. The crypt length and number of labelled cells per crypt column were found to be similar in the rectal mucosa from the three groups of subjects. The mean labelling index, although low 8.9%, was higher (p less than 0.05) in operated patients compared with controls; but the dispersion of individual values was similar in both groups. There was an extension of the proliferative compartment towards the surface in 88% of unoperated patients and in 60% of operated patients. In addition, there was a shift of the major zone of proliferation from the lower to the middle third of the crypt in 17% of operated patients and from the lower to the upper third of the crypt in 14% of unoperated patients. No correlation was found between the labelling index and either the age of patient, the duration of disease or the period elapsed after ileorectal anastomosis. Interestingly, among operated patients with a colitis for over 10 years, 42% had a quite normal proliferative pattern with a corresponding mean postoperative period of 7.5 years.
How Dysregulated Colonic Crypt Dynamics Cause Stem Cell Overpopulation and Initiate Colon Cancer
Authors: Bruce M. Boman, Jeremy Z. Fields, Kenneth L. Cavanaugh, Arthur Guetter, Olaf A. Runquist
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Based on investigation of the earliest colonic tissue alteration in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, we present the hypothesis that initiation of colorectal cancer by adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is mediated by dysregulation of two cellular mechanisms. One involves differentiation, which normally decreases the proportion (proliferative fraction) of colonic crypt cells that can proliferate; the other is a cell cycle mechanism that simultaneously increases the probability that proliferative cells are in S phase. In normal crypts, stem cells (SC) at the crypt bottom generate rapidly proliferating cells, which undergo differentiation while migrating up the crypt. Our modeling of normal crypts suggests that these transitions are mediated by mechanisms that regulate proliferative fraction and S-phase probability. In FAP crypts, the population of rapidly proliferating cells is shifted upwards, as indicated by the labeling index (LI; i.e., crypt distribution of cells in S phase). Our analysis of FAP indicates that these transitions are delayed because the proliferative fraction and S-phase probability change more slowly as a function of crypt level. This leads to expansion of the proliferative cell population, including a subpopulation that has a low frequency of S-phase cells. We previously reported that crypt SC overpopulation explains the LI shift. Here, we determine that SCs (or cells having high stemness) are proliferative cells with a low probability of being in S phase. Thus, dysregulation of mechanisms that control proliferative fraction and S-phase probability explains how APC mutations induce SC overpopulation at the crypt bottom, shift the rapidly proliferating cell population upwards, and initiate colon tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3304–13]
Cell cycle-dependent interleukin 1 gene expression by cultured glomerular mesangial cells.
Authors: D H Lovett, A Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Glomerular mesangial cell (MC)--derived IL-1 may be an important factor in the development of the hypercellularity and sclerosis characteristic of many forms of glomerulonephritis. To define the regulation of IL-1 synthesis by human MC, Northern blot analyses were performed using specific probes for monocytic IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA. Proliferating MC expressed mRNA for both IL-1 alpha and beta, whereas nonproliferating MC contained no detectable IL-1 mRNA. Synchronized MC expressed IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA within 2 h of stimulation with serum. This serum effect could be reproduced with platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Immune precipitations of 35S-methionine-labeled cells indicate that the mesangial IL-1 is synthesized as a 33-kD precursor protein with a pI of 7.2. Extracellular mesangial IL-1 has a pI of 7.0 and molecular weight of 17 kD, consistent with its identification as IL-1 beta. Cellular proliferation in glomerular disease may be driven in part by peptide growth factor-mediated induction of mesangial IL-1 gene expression and protein synthesis.
Eradication of MRSA by “ring fencing” orthopaedic beds: Stand alone orthopaedic units may be way forward in reducing MRSA
Authors: Graham C Cheung, Ashutosh Acharya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cholesterol values seem to divergeEditor-The targets for cholesterol management seem to be ever decreasing, but I cannot get my head around the fact that in the new guidelines from the British Hypertension Society box 8 suggests we should consider treatment if the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease is > 20% and the total cholesterol level is > 3.5 mmol/l but the target to be attained, which is printed beside box 8, is higher, 4 mmol/l. 1 Can someone explain this anomaly to a simple general practitioner who will have to explain it to patients?
A CASE OF IDIOPATHIC SPINAL HÆMORRHAGE.Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Washington, D. C., May 6, 1891.
Authors: THEODORE DILLER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Hæmorrhage into the spinal cord of traumatic origin, while not of very frequent occurrence, has been noted often enough to establish the fact of its occurrence beyond a doubt. But as to whether hæmorrhage into or about the cord may take place without an antecedent traumatism some writers are in doubt. However, the majority of writers do admit that idiopathic spinal apoplexy may occur, but they are all in accord in stating that the affection occurs only very rarely. In view of these facts I trust the case I am about to relate will prove to be of some value as tending to place the existence of the disease beyond the peradventure of a doubt. Although the case is incomplete insomuch as no post-mortem record is included, yet I believe the clinical history alone will be sufficient to establish the diagnosis. T. K., a laborer aged 51 years, had been