tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Search for evidence of effective health promotion
Authors: A. Britton, M. Thorogood, Y. Coombes, G. Lewando-Hundt, T. A Sheldon, A. J Sowden, D. Lister-Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Follow up may have to be for longer than six monthsEditor-Easterbrook and Ippolito recommend that staff who have been exposed to HIV should be followed up for at least six months after receiving post-exposure prophylaxis. 1 Ridzon et al recently reported on a nurse who declined post-exposure prophylaxis after a needlestick injury but subsequently seroconverted after an interval of between eight and nine and a half months. 2 The general implications of this with regard to testing for HIV antibody are far reaching, but seroconversion would probably be delayed if post-exposure prophylaxis was not successful.Thus people given post-exposure prophylaxis should probably be followed up for much longer than the authors recommend and, in addition, advised about practising safe sex throughout this time.Presumably healthcare workers who have been occupationally exposed should also consider avoiding exposure prone procedures.
Omenn syndrome associated with a functional reversion due to a somatic second-site mutation in CARD11 deficiency
Authors: Sebastian Fuchs, Anne Rensing-Ehl, Ulrich Pannicke, Myriam R. Lorenz, Paul Fisch, Yogesh Jeelall, Jan Rohr, Carsten Speckmann, Thomas Vraetz, Susan Farmand, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Marcus Krüger, Brigitte Strahm, Philipp Henneke, Anselm Enders, Keisuke Horikawa, Christopher Goodnow, Klaus Schwarz, Stephan Ehl
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract P383: Do Geographic Patterns of Obesity Prevalence Correlate with Patterns of High Stroke Mortality?
Authors: Anh H Le, George Howard, David B Allison, Reena Oza-Frank, Suzanne E Judd, Virginia Howard, Olivia Affuso
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Self-reported data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey show higher prevalence of obesity in the south, particularly for the East South Central(ESC) states of LA, MS, and AL. Because obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, higher prevalence of obesity has been hypothesized as a primary contributor to the stroke belt, an area of high stroke mortality in the southeast. We assessed measured obesity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a national population-based cohort from 48 states, and compared geographic prevalence patterns across studies. Methods: Weighted obesity prevalence estimates (with 95% CIs) were calculated from NHANES (2003-2008; n = 6138), REGARDS (2003-2007; n = 30,183), and BRFSS (2003-2007; n = 67,742) in non-Hispanic black and white adults over 45 years of age in the census divisions. Obesity was defined as BMI &gt;= 30 kg/m 2 . Results: There is a lack of concordance in the obesity prevalence (see Figure) between BRFSS and both REGARDS (top left) and NHANES (bottom right). In contrast, the comparison of REGARDS and NHANES (top right) shows good agreement in the estimated obesity prevalence for all divisions (including those containing the stroke belt states, shown in red). Conclusion: Our results indicate discordance in measured and self-reported obesity prevalence especially in the ESC division. The objectively measured obesity prevalence for both NHANES and REGARDS was high in the West North Central division including ND, SD, NE, KS, MN, IA, and MO. Factors other than obesity may contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and high stroke mortality rates, in the stroke belt. Additionally, these data suggest that errors in self-reporting height and/or weight differ by region and may have distorted past estimates of obesity rates by region.
Abstract 12660: Model of End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding INR (MELD-XI) Scoring System Provides the Long-Term Prognostic Information in Patients Admitted With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure, Regardless of Reduced or Preserve Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Takahisa Yamada, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Yusuke Iwasaki, Masato Kawasaki, Atsushi Kikuchi, Takumi Kondo, Tsutomu Kawai, Satoshi Takahashi, Masashi Ishimi, Hideyuki Hakui, Tatsuhisa Ozaki, Yoshihiro Satoh, Masahiro Seo, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Backgrounds: Liver dysfunction has a prognostic impact on the outcome of patients with advanced heart failure. A model of end-stage liver disease excluding INR (MELD-XI) is a robust scoring system of liver dysfunction, and a high score has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure. However, there is little information available on the long-term prognostic significance of MELD-XI score in patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), relating to reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF). Methods and Results: We studied 303 consecutive patients admitted with ADHF and discharged with survival (HFrEF(LVEF&lt;50%); n=163, HFpEF;n=140). MELD-XI score was calculated by the following formula: 5.11[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#65381;]]ln(bilirubin)+11.79[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#65381;]]ln(creatinine)+9.44. During a follow-up period of 5.0±4.3 yrs, 75 patients had cardiovascular death (CVD). Receiver-operator curve analysis revealed that MELD-XI score of 12 was a fair discriminator for CVD (AUC 0.704 (95%CI 0.635-0.772), p&lt;0.0001; sensitivity 67% and specificity 62%). In HFrEF group, MELD-XI score was significantly independently associated with CVD (p=0.0037) at multivariate Cox analysis, and patients with high MELD-XI score (≥12) had a higher risk of CVD than those with low MELD score (46% vs 24%, p=0.0038, hazard ratio: 2.20 (95%CI 1.27-3.79)). In HFpEF group, MELD-XI score was also significantly independently associated with CVD (p=0.005) at multivariate Cox analysis, and patients with high MELD-XI score (≥12) had a higher risk of CVD (34% vs 8%, p&lt;0.0001, hazard ratio: 6.25 (95%CI 2.59-15.05)). Conclusion: A MELD-XI scoring system would provide the long-term prognostic information in patients admitted with ADHF, regardless of HFrEF or HFpEF.
Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Emphysema
Authors: H Khan, K A Salman, S Ahmed
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Human plasma contains a number of proteinase inhibitors which together form 10% of the total plasma proteins. Serine proteases are a group of closely related proteolytic enzymes, with serine in their active site. These play a key role in coagulation, fibrinolysin, kinin and complement activation. Serine protease inhibitors or "serpins" are specific inhibitors which control the activities of these enzymes. Among the serine protease inhibitors. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha1 ATD) is found in highest concentration in plasma. It is the major physiologic inhibitor for neutrophil elastase. It has control over the elastase mediated degradation of elastic tissue in the lung. Alpha1ATD deficiency is a common genetic disorder and potentially lethal disease predominantly found in North European population--where the incidence is one in 2500; worldwide figures suggest that one in 6000 people have classic alpha1ATD. In cases of deficiency, antielastase activity is reduced in the lungs which results in increased elastin breakdown and development of emphysema. Cigarette smoking contributes to destructive changes in emphysema by suppressing the proteinase inhibitory activity of human serum and by inducing certain bronchoalveolar changes. Prevalence and severity of asthma increases in persons with abnormal alpha1ATD phenotype.
Abstract P3-05-23: Novel, non-uterotrophic, selective estrogen mimics cause regression of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer in 2D and 3D cultures and in mouse xenograft models
Authors: Gregory RJ Thatcher, Rui Xiong, Hitisha K Patel, Jiong Zhao, Xiao Liang, Yue-ting Wang, Mary Ellen Molloy, Debra Tonetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Prior to the advent of tamoxifen therapy, estradiol (E2) and the ER agonist, diethylstilbestrol, showed efficacy in the clinical in therapeutic treatment of breast cancer. The adverse effects of these therapeutic options led to discontinuation, despite tamoxifen itself sharing the adverse effect of uterine growth. The perceived therapeutic action of tamoxifen in countering the proliferative actions of E2 at the estrogen receptor (ER) in endocrine-sensitive breast tissues is not entirely compatible with the therapeutic actions of E2 itself in breast cancer, and points to a more complex role for ER. Tamoxifen is the standard of care for many patients with ER+ breast cancer; however significantly, 30-50% of women are resistant to tamoxifen therapy. Development of a Selective Estrogen Mimic (SEM) that is effective in breast cancer without uterotrophic and other side effects is a novel treatment option that we hypothesize will be effective in causing regression of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. We theorize that a rational approach would be an ER ligand with pharmacological partial agonist actions, thus able to mimic E2 in regressing breast cancer, but with antagonist actions in the face of excessive ER activation. Using the benzothiophene scaffold common to the clinical Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), raloxifene and arzoxifene, we hypothesized that an ideal SEM could be designed by structural engineering. A library of over 30 compounds was developed and assayed in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines, including MCF-7 and T47D. One SEM was assayed in two mouse xenograft models and shown to cause tumor regression; impressively this SEM did not fuel growth of estrogen-dependent T47D xenografts and did not cause uterine growth. This SEM and several other compounds were observed to act as partial agonists at ERα, with variable actions at ERβ. To understand this phenomenon further, the contributions of apoptotic mechanisms and cell cycle arrest to SEM activity was studied in cell cultures. The results collected to date on SEMs that act as partial agonists at ERα indicate that this is a viable, new approach to breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: Gregory RJ Thatcher, Rui Xiong, Hitisha K Patel, Jiong Zhao, Xiao Liang, Yue-ting Wang, Mary Ellen Molloy, Debra Tonetti. Novel, non-uterotrophic, selective estrogen mimics cause regression of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer in 2D and 3D cultures and in mouse xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-23.
Investigating the microRNA profile in c ervical cancer
Authors: Kwong-Wai Choy, Tao Tang, Chi Wang, May Yu, Keith Lo, T. Cheung, Y. Wong, K. To, Tony Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

2965 

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner and are differentially expressed in different tissues. They also contribute to cancer development and progression. We studied the miRNA profile among 5 cervical cancer cell lines (ME180, SiHa, Hela, C33A and CC3) using the TaqMan MicroRNA Assays to survey for 157 known human miRNAs. We identified 31 microRNAs that were consistently up-regulated (n=3) or down-regulated (n=28) ranging from 2 to over 100 fold in all 5 cervical cancer cell lines comparing with normal cervical tissue. We further studied those up-regulated miRNAs in 10 cervical cancer tissues. Our preliminary results, indicated that those 3 up-regulated miRNAs were constantly and significantly elevated among cervical carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervix epithelium (p<0.001). We further determined the genome-wide DNA copy number abnormalities among the 5 cervical cancer cell lines using the Agilent high-resolution Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization arrays (44K format; with a resolution of approximately 35kb/probe across the human genome). However, we only found a subset of down-regulated miRNAs associated with genomic changes and most of the aberrantly expressed miRNAs were not related to the genome copy number changes identified from our aCGH results nor to the genome breakpoint and HPV integration site reported in cervical cancer. Our findings support the notion that altered miRNAs expression are highly prevalent in cervical cancer and may account partly for the cancer development.
Abstract 2073: Reduction in Time to Reperfusion and Improved Myocardial Perfusion with Pre-Hospital Facilitated Coronary Intervention Compared to Primary PCI in STEMI Patients Treated in an Urban Setting
Authors: Gregory M Giesler, Mary T Vooletich, Vinay R Julapalli, Ali E Denktas, H. Anderson, Stefano Sdringola, James J McCarthy, Richard N Bradley, David E Persse, Richard W Smalling
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Audit of use of ACE inhibitors and monitoring in general practice
Authors: N. Freemantle, J. Mason, M. Eccles, P A Kalra, P MacDowall, M Kumwenda, M O Roland
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Kalra et al’s paper describing an audit of monitoring renal function in general practice suggests that practice is often less than optimal, although associated with some uncertainty.1 Unfortunately, the authors do not give confidence intervals around their estimates of effect—which we provide here. The fact that only 34% (95% confidence interval 28% to 39%) of practitioners checked renal function after initiating angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and 15% (11% to 19%) never checked it is an important finding. We disagree, however, with the authors’ conclusion that producing guidelines on monitoring, on its own, will lead to an improvement in practice.

The authors state that renal monitoring has been neglected in recent guidelines and cite the North of England evidence based guidelines on the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in primary care (to which we contributed) as an example of this.2 They recommend that “renal function should be checked before and 7-10 days after treatment is started in all patients and thereafter regularly (for example, annually) only in those with risk factors.” Rather than neglect the issue of monitoring, the North of England Guidelines Group prioritised it. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research also prioritised it in its guidelines on heart failure,3 on which this section of the North of England guidelines drew explicitly.

The North of England guidelines recommend that “before initiation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ... [patients] should have their blood pressure, renal function, and serum potassium measured. These measurements should be repeated one week after initiation of treatment and again one week after each significant increase in dosage.”2 The guidelines go on to suggest monitoring of serum creatinine concentration at least annually in all patients and describe specific criteria for patients who develop renal insufficiency. Thus they actually propose monitoring standards more stringent than those suggested by Kalra et al, although it is acknowledged that no basis for recommending one monitoring period over another could be found. The evidence base is limited, although a recent small trial suggests that complications are rare.4

Merely publishing guidelines on monitoring seems insufficient if even those citing the guidelines do not recall the recommendations. More active strategies, perhaps through computerised reminders built into prescribing systems, are required; on the basis of Kalra et al’s paper they should be developed with some urgency.
Abstract 14986: Incidence Of Esophageal Lesions Following Robotic As Compared To Manual Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using Different Temperature Cutoff Values -data Of A Prospective Multicenter Trial-
Authors: Andreas Rillig, Udo Meyerfeldt, Vlada Zvereva, Andre Burchard, Andreas Metzner, Shibu Mathew, Yasuhiro Yoshiga, Erik Wissner, Feifan Ouyang, Britta Feige, Martin Staritz, Ralf Birkemeyer, Werner Jung, Roland Tilz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background  The incidence of esophageal lesions (EL) following circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) using a remote Robotic Navigation System (RNS) compared to manual ablation has only be evaluated in a small cohort of patients (pt). The impact of different temperature cut-offs (TC) on the incidence of ELs has not been evaluated. The aim of this prospective multicenter trial was to compare the incidence of EL using different TCs following either robotic or manual CPVI.   Methods  In 245 patients (pts, 86 female,35%; median age 63 years (54-69 years)) with paroxysmal (n=167, 68,2%) or persistent AF solely CPVI was performed using either the RNS (group 1, n=150, 61,2%) or manual ablation (group 2, n=95). Both groups were divided into two subgroups with different TCs (39°C: group 1a (n=46) + group 2a (n=41); 41°C: group 1b (n=49) + group 2b (n=109). CPVI was performed using a 3.5mm irrigated tip RF ablation catheter in combination with a 3D mapping system using max 20 watts at the posterior wall of the left atriuk (LA) in the robotic group and max 30W in the manual group. In all patients esophageal temperature was monitored throughout the procedure with two different TCs (≤ 39°C and ≤ 41°C). Assessment of EL was performed by endoscopy 2 days after PVI.   Results  The incidence of EL was similar comparing group 1 with group 2 (21/150, 14% vs 15/95, 15,8%; p=0,7) as was the incidence of esophageal ulcerations (EU; n=5/150, 3,3% vs n=3/95, 3,2%; p=1,0). Comparing the two TCs (39°C vs 41°C) no significant difference between ocurrence of EL (13/87, 14,9% vs 23/158, 14,6%; p=0,93) or EU (1/87, 1,1% vs 7/158, 4,4%; p=0,27) was found. Comparing group 1a with group 2a a non-significant trend to a higher incidence of EL was seen in the robotic group (4/46, 8,7% vs 9/41, 21,2%; p=0,083); in contrast when comparing group 1b with group 2b a strong trend was seen to a higher incidence of ELs in the manual group (11/49, 22,4% vs 12/109, 11,0%; p=0,059). All ELs recovered without sequelae. No atrio-esophageal fistula occurred.   Conclusion  This study shows that when CPVI is performed using a RNS with 20 watts at the posterior wall of the LA the incidence and quality of EL is comparable to manual ablation with 30 watts. The number of EL was not significantly different in the two TC groups.
Mania secondary to left and right hemisphere damage
Authors: V C Jampala, R Abrams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors report on two fully right-handed men without prior psychiatric history who developed mania secondary to vascular lesions of the left and right hemispheres, respectively. One patient, whose left hemisphere lesion produced a transient posterior aphasia, is believed to be the first patient reported in the literature whose secondary mania followed damage to the hemisphere documented to be dominant for both handedness and speech. The authors conclude that it is premature to consider mania to a be syndrome of the nondominant hemisphere.
Efficient recovery of circulating tumor cells (CTC) using a novel micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based platform
Authors: Yvonne Lin, William Merritt, Whitney Spannuth, Alpa Nick, Michael Birrer, Pavel Tsinberg, Robert Coleman, Farideh Bischoff, Anil Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

LB-298  Objective: The efficient capture of rare circulating tumor cells is required for a safe and non-invasive means of cancer detection and molecular characterization. Therefore, we developed a combination of micro-fluidics and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device and utilized it for the recovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in murine and human circulation.  Methods: Using appropriate controls, feasibility and efficiency of capture studies were performed using blood samples spiked with ovarian cancer cells ex vivo then applied directly to an EpCAM-coated MEMS device. Pan-cytokeratin staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using human-specific pan-centromere direct labeled probes were used for confirmation of captured CTCs. Additional studies were conducted using blood from orthotopic mouse models of advanced ovarian carcinoma. After IRB approval, whole blood from patients with recurrent ovarian cancer was collected and the levels of CTCs were determined.  Results: In blood samples spiked ex vivo with ovarian cancer cells, 80-100% of cells were recovered from each 5mL blood sample using the MEMS device and confirmed with FISH analysis. Overall, a range of 7 to 37 tumor cells were recovered in 200-500μL of whole blood from each tumor-bearing mouse. Zero tumor cells were detected in control (i.e., tumor-free) mice. A median of 5 tumor cells (range 2-167) were captured in each 10mL sample of blood from patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. FISH analysis of captured cells demonstrated aneuploidy on chromosomes 2, 6, and 8. No tumor cells were isolated from whole blood from normal human controls.  Conclusions: The MEMS device is a highly efficient novel approach for capturing CTCs in human samples.Moreover, this is the first report in which CTCs from ovarian cancer patients is reported using MEMS. This approach may have significant implications for diagnostic and therapeutic settings for cancer patients.
Short summary of Swedres 2005, a report on Swedish antibiotic utilisation and resistance
Authors: O Cars, B Olsson-Liljequist, K Lundh
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

"Swedres 2005", the fifth report on Swedish antibiotic utilisation and resistance in human medicine, was presented in May 2006. Compared with the rest of Europe, antibiotic consumption and resistance levels in Sweden are relatively low. However, global travel and trade facilitate the spread of bacteria between countries and continents. As a consequence, also in Sweden, increasing resistance trends are seen for some pathogens, notably ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae.
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3K-α) in gastric cancer metastasis in mice
Authors: Heng-Liang Lin, Chiung-Tong Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1309   Tumor metastasis is a critical stage of the progression of cancer diseases. Cancer cells dissemination is often negatively correlated with survival rate in patients. Many steps are generally believed to involve in tumor cells metastasis, including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix degradation, invasion, migration, adhesion, extravasion and distant site proliferation. The correlations of tumor metastasis and overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), HER2, insulin receptor, vascular epithelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) have been observed. And these proteins have been demonstrated associated with enhanced cancer cells migration in vitro. In this study, we generated a stable PI3K-α expression gastric cancer cell line (MKN-45-pik). This transfected stable cell lines showed a stronger invasion activity in the Transwell® system as compared with the parental cell line (MKN-45). Treatment of HGF also increased the invasion activity of MKN-45. To investigate the invasive ability of transfected cell line, spontaneous metastatic model in vivo was applied. The cancer cells were subcutaneously inoculated in mice to evaluate the cells dissemination from the s.c. location to the liver. We found that PI3K-transfected cells shown a significant number of micrometastatic foci in the liver as compared with no micrometastases for the parental cells. An elevated density of microvessels evident by staining of CD31 and VW factor on subcutaneous MKN-45-pik tumors was also observed. Furthermore, these evidences implied that PI3K-α signaling involves in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Whether the increased level of metastases in the liver is associated with elevated extravasion ability of the MKN-45 and MKN-45-pik cells is under investigation.