tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Segregation analysis of physician-diagnosed asthma in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white families. A recessive component?
Authors: C J Holberg, R C Elston, M Halonen, A L Wright, L M Taussig, W J Morgan, F D Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The inheritance of asthma, evident from its high family concordance, is not well understood. To investigate whether asthma may be inherited through a major gene with two alleles, segregation analyses were conducted in 3,369 individuals from 906 nuclear families enrolled, without selection, in a longitudinal study of respiratory health in Tucson, Arizona. Physician-diagnosed asthma and its age of onset were ascertained for each family member when children were at a mean age of 7 yr. Age of asthma diagnosis was allowed for in analyses, and the impact of the covariate total serum IgE level on age of onset was examined. Segregation analyses were conducted with and without residual family effects, with and without the covariate IgE. The hypothesis of a single two-allele locus for asthma was rejected. However, depending on the method of assessment of the residual familial effects, either a polygenic/multifactorial mode of inheritance alone, or an oligogenic model with some evidence of a recessive component present in the population with the high frequency of 0.67, were compatible with the data. Results were unchanged with the addition of the covariate IgE.
Book Review Controversies in Rheumatology Edited by David A. Isenberg and Lori B. Tucker. 169 pp. London, Martin Dunitz, 1997. (Distributed by Mosby, St. Louis.) $80. 1-85317-395-9 Rheumatology in Primary Care By Juan J. Canoso. 372 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1997. $45. 0-7216-6080-0
Authors: John Baum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
Which is better for lesions with arterial positive remodeling: stenting or atherectomy? Results of stent versus atherectomy randomized trial
Authors: Etsuo Tsuchikane, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mokoto Sakurai, Yoshihiro Takeda, Nobuhisa Awata, Tohru Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
In Non-neoplastic Barrett's Epithelial Cells, Acid Exerts Early Antiproliferative Effects through Activation of the Chk2 Pathway
Authors: Hui-Ying Zhang, Xi Zhang, Kathy Hormi-Carver, Linda A. Feagins, Stuart J. Spechler, Rhonda F. Souza
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Acid exerts pro-proliferative effects in Barrett's-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. In non-neoplastic Barrett's epithelial (BAR-T) cells, in contrast, we have shown that acid exposure has antiproliferative effects. To explore our hypothesis that the acid-induced, antiproliferative effects are mediated by alterations in the proteins that regulate the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint, we exposed non-neoplastic Barrett's cells to acidic media (pH 4.0) and analyzed G1-S checkpoint proteins' expression, phosphorylation, and activity levels by Western blot. We studied acid effects on growth (by cell counts), proliferation (by flow cytometry and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation), cell viability (by trypan blue staining), and apoptosis (by annexin V staining), and we used caffeine and small interfering RNA to assess the effects of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) inhibition on G1-S progression. Acid exposure significantly decreased cell numbers without affecting cell viability and with only a slight increase in apoptosis. Within 2 h of acid exposure, there was a delay in progression through the G1-S checkpoint that was associated with increased phosphorylation of Chk2, decreased levels of Cdc25A, and decreased activity of cyclin E–cyclin-dependent kinase 2; by 4 h, a continued delay at G1-S was associated with increased expression of p53 and p21. Caffeine and Chk2 siRNA abolished the acid-induced G1-S delay at 2 but not at 4 h. We conclude that acid exposure in non-neoplastic BAR-T cells causes early antiproliferative effects that are mediated by the activation of Chk2. Thus, we have elucidated a mechanism whereby acid can exert disparate effects on proliferation in neoplastic and non-neoplastic BAR-T cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8580–7]
Lovers in a Snowstorm
Authors: Andre V. Fesus
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoy artistic covers ofThe Journal, like those of Holbein, Caravaggio, or Dali, but I was shocked to see the "Lovers in a Snow Storm" of Curt Stenvert. Obviously, you did not understand the unartistic, unesthetical inscriptions on it, which did not dignify the cover of our magazine. This is a "bei den Haaren herbeigezogenes, noch nie dagewesenes, abgeschmacktes Unsinn!"
Investigation and treatment of amenorrhoea resulting in normal fertility.
Authors: M G Hull, P E Savage, H S Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A simple scheme of investigation and treatment to restore fertility in amenorrhoeic women is described. Fifty-nine patients with amenorrhoea not due to primary ovarian failure were treated variously as appropriate, mainly with clomiphene (25), bromocriptine (15), or human menopausal gonadotrophins (12), and six by diet to increase their weight. All ovulated, and by the end of the study 55 (93%) had conceived, 42 (71%) had delivered at least one surviving child, and five others (8%) were pregnant and awaiting delivery. Conception rates were 49% within two cycles of treatment and 66% within three cycles; using life-table method to standardise the cumulative conception rates by correcting for patients who did not continue as long as others in the study, the expected conception rate was 79% in six cycles, 94% in 12 cycles, and 98% after 16 cycles. The multiple pregnancy rate was 13% and abortion rate 22%. Delivery rate (for a viable baby) were 48% within 11 months of starting treatment and 53% within one year; expected rates were 76% in 18 months and 97% in two years. The results show that a relatively simple scheme of classifying amenorrhoeic disorders endocrinologically followed by treatment directed at inducing ovulation allows amenorrhoeic women without primary ovarian failure to achieve conception and delivery rates equal to those in normal women.
Behavior changes and the prevention of high blood pressure. Workshop II. AHA Prevention Conference III. Behavior change and compliance: keys to improving cardiovascular health.
Authors: D M Levine, J D Cohen, H P Dustan, B Falkner, J A Flora, R C Lefebvre, D E Morisky, A Oberman, T G Pickering, E J Roccella
Journal: Circulation (1993)
Use of a Rapid Assay of Subforms of Creatine Kinase MB to Diagnose or Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter R. Puleo, Denise Meyer, Cheryl Wathen, Cyril B. Tawa, Susan Wheeler, Robert J. Hamburg, Nadir Ali, Steven D. Obermueller, Fernando J. Triana, Janice L. Zimmerman, M. Benjamin Perryman, Robert Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Ruling out myocardial infarction in patients coming to the emergency room with chest pain is hindered by the lack of a specific early diagnostic marker. Less than 30 percent of patients admitted to coronary care units have infarction, resulting in substantial unnecessary expenditures. We developed a rapid assay of the subforms of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and prospectively analyzed its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing myocardial infarction in the first six hours after the onset of chest pain.
Randomized Phase 2b Study of Pralatrexate Versus Erlotinib in Patients With Stage IIIB/IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) After Failure of Prior Platinum-Based Therapy
Authors: Karen Kelly, Christopher G. Azzoli, Petr Zatloukal, István Albert, Peter Y.Z. Jiang, David Bodkin, José Rodrigues Pereira, Erzsébet Juhász, Nicholas O. Iannotti, Garry Weems, Tony Koutsoukos, Jyoti D. Patel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Changes of Blood Pressure, Renin, and Angiotensin after Bilateral Nephrectomy in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: A. Medina, P. R. F. Bell, J. D. Briggs, J. J. Brown, A. Fine, A. F. Lever, J. J. Morton, A. M. Paton, J. I. S. Robertson, M. Tree, M. A. Waite, R. Weir, J. Winchester
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Circulating levels of renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II were increased in six patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension uncontrolled by dialysis and hypotensive drugs. Lower and often normal levels were found in 10 patients whose blood pressure was controlled by dialysis treatment. For a variety of reasons all patients were subjected to bilateral nephrectomy. The logarithm of the decrease in plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II was significantly related to the fall of blood pressure after operation. Plasma renin concentration correlated significantly with blood angiotensin I concentration and with plasma angiotensin II in samples taken before and after nephrectomy. Renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II were measurable in samples of blood taken 48 hours or more after the operation.
A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality
Authors: Kenneth Kipnis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

It is broadly held that confidentiality may be breached when doing so can avert grave harm to a third party. This essay challenges the conventional wisdom. Neither legal duties, personal morality nor personal values are sufficient to ground professional obligations. A methodology is developed drawing on core professional values, the nature of professions, and the justification for distinct professional obligations. Though doctors have a professional obligation to prevent public peril, they do not honor it by breaching confidentiality. It is shown how the protective purpose to be furthered by reporting is defeated by the practice of reporting. Hence there is no conflict between confidentiality and the professional responsibility to protect endangered third parties.
Dimensions of Institutional Racism in Psychiatry
Authors: MELVIN SABSHIN, HERMAN DIESENHAUS, RAYMOND WILKERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Defining institutional racism in terms of self-perpetuating barriers to blacks' participation as equals in all areas of psychiatry, the authors review the influence of white racism on the image of the black patient, neglected problem areas, treatment accessibility, community mental health, research, and the professional functioning of psychiatrists. These analyses lead to specific recommendations for new institutionalized practices to be supported by the white power structure of psychiatry if eradication of racism in psychiatry is to be accomplished.
Letter: British postgraduate qualifications in India.
Authors: B Senewiratne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

43of cigarette'-and have also shown that smoking behaviour is influenced by per- sonalitv characteristics.'Alterations in smok- ing behaviour involve changes both in puff- ing rate and in depth of inhalation, each of which may modify the amount of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide absorbed.The present subjects decreased their puffing rate as pregnancy progressed but presumably in- haled more deeply, with the result that they managed to obtain the same amount of nicotine but apparentlv less carbon monoxide.The cause of these changes is not clear, but the findings illustrate the dangers of extrapolation of data obtained during struc- tured smoking regimens to real-life situations.
OC-035 Rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection and risk of catheter-related venous thrombosis in patients referred for home parenteral nutrition
Authors: S Bouri, G A D Major, C Hanson, M Small, S M Gabe
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Parenteral nutrition (PN) via a central venous catheter (CVC) is associated with risk of thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Factors believed to reduce the risk of infection include using a tunnelled CVC or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and using a single lumen CVC where possible. A CVC tip above the mid-section of the superior vena cava increases thrombosis risk.1 Strict aseptic technique is required to prevent CRBSI. Methods Between 1st January and 31st December 2011 patients transferred to the St Mark's Intestinal Failure Unit with a CVC in situ for PN were assessed. We recorded CVC type, number of lumens, and CVC tip position (see [Abstract OC-035 figure 1][1]: dashed lines (mid & proximal superior vena cava (SVC), brachiocephalic, subclavian & internal jugular veins) & solid lines (distal third SCV, proximal & distal right atrium). CVC tip position in the dashed region is associated with a higher thrombosis risk (Cadman et al ).1 Blood cultures were taken from all lumens of the CVC. CVCs with bacteraemia were treated with antibiotics. If a CVC was felt to be unusable it was removed. Reasons included tip position, multiple lumens, unsuitable for long-term use (not PICC or tunnelled), or for use by patient (PICC), CVC-related sepsis, CRBSI at risk of seeding ( S aureus or fungus), and >1 CVC in situ. ![Abstract OC-035 Figure 1][2]</img> Abstract OC-035 Figure 1 Results 60 patients with 65s CVC from other centres were transferred. Some patients were admitted more than once. 24 were female and 36 were male, from 41 English Hospitals & two from Kuwait. 21 CVCs were tunnelled, 22 untunnelled, 21 were PICCs and one was a midline. Results are summarised in [Abstract OC-035 table 1][3]. 32(48%) CVCs had a tip that was too high, increasing thrombosis risk. 32% (21/65) of blood cultures were positive. 12 (18%) CVCs were retained and used. 13 (20%) were removed because of discontinuation of PN. 38 (58%) of CVCs were replaced. View this table: Abstract OC-035 Table 1 Results Conclusion This data demonstrates that on transfer patients CVCs are often infected, have a tip that is too high and multi-lumen CVCs are placed inappropriately. Reasons may include lack of attention to aseptic technique, lack of awareness of the thrombosis risk from a high CVC tip, and lack of availability of single lumen tunnelled CVCs as stock. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Cadman A , Lawrance JAL, Fitzsimmons L, et al. To clot or not to clot? That is the question in central venous catheters. Clin Radiol 2004; 59 :349–55. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes [3]: #T1
Out of hours
Authors: B. Hurwitz
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In the London practice where I trained as a general practitioner in 1982 the doctors made all the out of hours home visits every day and night of the year. They believed that continuity of care and the insights offered by dealing personally with requests for home visits were distinctive responsibilities of general practitioners.

A senior partner from this practice recently told me that a commercial deputising service now handles all out of hours calls (those made from 10 pm on weekdays and 6 pm at weekends). His views have changed: he believes that being on call out of hours is unprofessional. It betokens a serious failure to maintain personal and professional boundaries, and encourages doctors to develop self destructive fantasies of omnipotence and omniavailability. He no longer feels able to justify the effects of disturbed sleep on clinical performance during the day or on family and working relationships.

Despite the growth of the 24 hour society such an about turn in attitude by general practitioners is common. Rarely has more unanimity been expressed by British general practitioners than in their views towards present contractual requirements for providing 24 hour general medical services under their NHS terms of service. A consultation …
Myocardosis and Cardiac Failure in Men
Authors: Paul H. McDermott
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A disease entity, characterized by the subacute onset of severe myocardial failure was seen in 28 patients. Cardiomegaly, tachycardia, gallop rhythm, and findings of severe right-sided failure predominated. Typical electrocardiographic findings, marked elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid and lactic dehydrogenase levels, and severe lactic acid acidosis were common. Eleven of the 28 patients died. Myocardial degeneration without fibrosis or inflammatory reaction was seen at autopsy. Extensive centrilobular necrosis of the liver was also present in the ten cases coming to autopsy. The etiology is uncertain. All of the patients ingested large amounts of beer over a long period of time. The recent description in Quebec of an entity with similar clinical findings and pathology, also occurring in a population ingesting large amounts of beer prompted this report.
Pioglitazone decreases portosystemic shunting by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Philipp Schwabl, Berit A. Payer, Jelena Grahovac, Sabine Klein, Thomas Horvatits, Markus Mitterhauser, Judith Stift, Yves Boucher, Jonel Trebicka, Michael Trauner, Bernhard Angermayr, Valentin Fuhrmann, Thomas Reiberger, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Selection of Tissue for Microscopic Study from Lungs Injected with Radio-opaque Material
Authors: L. M. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1955)

Choosing a suitable part of the lung by dis- section distorts and often spoils the tissue for detailed histological study, especially when the peripheral part of the lung is concerned.These difficulties may be overcome by injecting the bron- chial tree with radio-opaque material and choosing suitable areas from the abnormalities seen in a radiograph of the specimen.The parallax method is well suited for the localization of the appro- priate bronchus in the depth of the lung, and its inclusion in a conveniently sized block without preliminary dissection.Trueta, Barclay, Daniel, Franklin, and Prichard (1947) give a criti- cal survey of various injection solutions and techniques.
SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH A RESIDUAL ANTIGEN OF B. TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: C. E. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1930)

TIIE followiing details appear to be of soimle pathiological inlterest, anid miay also.be of imlportance ini colnllexioln with life insuranice of glycosuric subjects.An obese butcher, aged 50, came under treatment in January, 1229, for ostea-artliritis cf the knieeanid ankle-joints; owing to tlhc discovery of glycosuria on routine examination, a blood sugar exariniatioin was made (A), The cuirve was found to be nornmal, but indicated a low renal threslhold of 0.128 per cent.sugar.
T-cell suicide gene therapy prompts thymic renewal in adults after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Luca Vago, Giacomo Oliveira, Attilio Bondanza, Maddalena Noviello, Corrado Soldati, Domenico Ghio, Immacolata Brigida, Raffaella Greco, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Jacopo Peccatori, Sergio Fracchia, Matteo Del Fiacco, Catia Traversari, Alessandro Aiuti, Alessandro Del Maschio, Claudio Bordignon, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Blood (2012)
Medicine Worth Paying For: Assessing Medical Innovations
Authors: T. A Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Howard S Frazier, Frederick Mosteller Harvard University Press, pounds sterling25, pp 311 ISBN 0 674 56362 X

Health services around the world are being reformed with the aim of improving efficiency. In the NHS huge resources have been invested in new initiatives to change the delivery of care, cut costs, and make the service more “patient centred.” Ultimately, though, these are meaningless if the care being delivered is of little benefit. Relatively scant attention is given to this question by health service managers compared with (say) manipulating waiting times, episode numbers, efficiency index performance, and contracting for the status quo. …
Transureteroureterostomy Obstruction Mimicking Acute Tubular Necrosis
Authors: FABIO P. ESTEVES, RAGHUVEER K. HALKAR, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

A patient receiving nephrotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic cervical cancer was examined for acute renal failure. A Tc-99m MAG3 scan showed symmetric function, bilateral increasing parenchymal activity, and no tracer excretion in either collecting system. The differential diagnosis included cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, dose infiltration, and obstruction of the common ureter. Analysis of the scan, an image over the injection site, and a delayed image of the urinary tract indicated obstruction of the common ureter at the anastomotic site of the transureteroureterostomy. In patients with a transureteroureterostomy, symmetric renal dysfunction, and no bladder activity, a delayed image of the urinary tract should be obtained to distinguish obstruction from acute tubular necrosis.
Relation of Positive L.E.-Cell Preparations to Activity of Lupus Erythematosus and Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Naomi F. Rothfield, Nicholas Pace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

AFTER the introduction of corticosteroid therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus, conflicting reports on the effect of the new agents on the L.E.-cell phenomenon appeared in the literature. Most investigators agreed that L.E. cells were found more frequently in acutely ill patients than in those who were in remission or whose disease was milder.1 2 3 4 Some reported that L.E. cells could no longer be found after steroid therapy,3 , 5 6 7 8 9 and others that the cells persisted after steroid therapy.10 , 11 After a decade of experience a reappraisal of the effects of steroids on the L.E. cell and of the relation of disease activity to the . . .
The future of community care.
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1990)

After the AsylumsThe future of community care Trish Groves Community care is not working.The government has decided to stall its programme of hospital closures (box), and the virtues of asylum care are being extolled once more.'In the jargon of planners, reprovision is not keeping pace with deinstitutionalisation.Former patients have ended up on the streets2 and in prisons,3 prompting great public and political concern.But the biggest scandal of community care is that it has not been monitored adequately.Nearly 100 000 long stay patients have been discharged from Britain's mental hospitals in the past 35 years and fewer than 4000 places have been provided in local authority hostels.These statistics, which are much quoted, do not necessarily mean that community care has failed the remaining patients.The numbers simply tell us that the Department of Health does not know what has happened to that invisible cohort.Probably some of these people live with their families, some in hostels run by voluntary or private organisations, and some in independent accommodation.And some must be dead, because they were elderly when discharged.But no one knows for sure.Community care is not needed only for former residents of large mental institutions.Young people with relapsing psychotic illnesses and related long term disabilities-the "new long stay" population4still need shelter and rehabilitation.Champions of community care have been too optimistic, hoping that neuroleptic drugs and new psychological treatments might provide permanent cures for all.