tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FcγRIII (CD16)-Deficient Mice Show IgG Isotype-Dependent Protection to Experimental Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Dirk Meyer, Carsten Schiller, Jürgen Westermann, Shozo Izui, Wouter L. W. Hazenbos, J. Sjef Verbeek, Reinhold E. Schmidt, J. Engelbert Gessner
Journal: Blood (1998)
Public Health Consequences From Hazardous Substances Acutely Released During Rail Transit—South Carolina, 2005; Selected States, 1999-2004
Authors: Chantal Henry, Amy Belflower, Dan Drociuk, James Jerry Gibson, R. Harris, D. Kevin Horton, S Rossiter, Maureen Orr, B Safay, Terrence Forrester, S. Wright, Mary Anne Wenck, Usa Prevention
Journal: JAMA (2005)

On January 6, 2005, two freight trains collided in Graniteville, South Carolina (approximately 10 miles northeast of Augusta, Georgia), releasing an estimated 11,500 gallons of chlorine gas, which caused nine deaths and sent at least 529 persons seeking medical treatment for possible chlorine exposure. The incident prompted the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to review data from its Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system and update an analysis of 1993-1998 railroad events. The HSEES system is used to collect and analyze data concerning the public health consequences (e.g., morbidity, mortality, and evacuations) associated with hazardous-substance--release events that occur in facilities or during transportation. This report describes the event in South Carolina, which is not part of the HSEES system, and two others from HSEES, and summarizes all rail events reported to HSEES from 16 state health departments during 1999-2004. Local government agencies, employers, and first responders can help reduce morbidity and mortality from transit-associated hazardous-substance releases by examining historical spill data for planning purposes, developing emergency response plans, undergoing proper hazardous materials (HazMat) training, and reviewing epidemiologic investigation data.
The population policy pendulum
Authors: M. Potts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Whether loved or unwanted, the birth of the six billionth child will be of great importance to his or her family. In a world that adds one million more births than deaths every 110 hours, however, the aggregate of human numbers is also important. Unfortunately, in such an emotional area, interest groups have often promoted their own priorities at the expense of the bigger picture.1

Over the past 25 years population policies have swung back and forth like a pendulum. At the United Nations conference in Bucharest in 1974 India and China proclaimed “development is the best contraceptive,” yet shortly afterwards China introduced the one child per family policy and India flirted with coercive sterilisation. In 1984 in Mexico City the United States asserted that every demographic problem could be solved by a free market economy, while developing countries supported mainstream family planning. At the 1994 conference in Cairo a new generation of advocates shifted the emphasis from “population control” to a holistic, reproductive health approach.2

At one level the Cairo conference was a superb achievement, but no single …
South Korean Physician Named to Lead WHO
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17694: Does High Intensity Endurance Training Increase the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? A Longitudinal Study of Left Atrial Structure and Function
Authors: Mildred A Opondo, Takashi Tarumi, Satyama Sarma, Erin Howden, William Cornwell, Dean Palmer, Kara Boyd, Mitchel Samels, Sheryl Livingston, Benjamin D Levine
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Long-term endurance athletes have increased left atrial (LA) volumes and prolonged p-wave durations on signal-averaged electrocardiography (P-SAECG) which have been posited to confer an increased risk for lone atrial fibrillation. However longitudinal studies of atrial structure and function before and after an intense exercise training program are rare.   Methods:  61 healthy sedentary middle-aged adults (52 ± 5 yr) were randomized to either high intensity exercise training (2-3 sessions of moderate intensity exercise + 2 high intensity interval sessions/ week) or to yoga. At baseline and 10-months, subjects underwent Doppler echocardiography, P-SAECG and maximal exercise testing. Data was analyzed for 27 participants that completed testing at 10-months (exercise n = 15, yoga n = 12). LA volume, E/A ratios and LA contractile contribution (A) to total diastolic filling (E + A+ DT) were assessed. P-SAECG was used to obtain filtered p-wave duration as a measure of LA electrical function. 10-month post-exercise data was compared with similar data from 3 accomplished triathletes (age 54 ± 5 yr; average training duration 18 ± 9 yr).   Results:  10 months of exercise increased V•O2max by 21% (28.6 ± 6.0 to 33.8 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min; P = 0.02). It did not change LA volume or filtered p-wave duration but LA contractile contribution to diastolic filling significantly decreased with exercise (41 ± 6% to 37 ± 5%) vs yoga (40 ± 6% to 43 ± 6 %; P    Conclusion:  10 months of high intensity exercise training does not change LA structure and function but it is enough to significantly improve cardiopulmonary fitness and to begin LV and perhaps LA remodeling. We speculate that it may take a longer duration or a more intensive “dose” of training to see changes in the LA that can increase the risk for exercise related atrial fibrillation.
Mapping of a syndrome of X-linked thrombocytopenia with thalassemia to band Xp11-12: further evidence of genetic heterogeneity of X-linked thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wendy H. Raskind, Kathy K. Niakan, John Wolff, Mark Matsushita, Ty Vaughan, George Stamatoyannopoulos, Chiaki Watanabe, Jacinda Rios, Hans D. Ochs
Journal: Blood (2000)
Characterization of antigens and allergens of date palm (Pheonix dactylifera) pollen.
Authors: Harb A. Harfi, A. A. A. Kwaasi, P. Tipirneni, R. S. Parhar, V. Graff‐Lonnevig, S. T. Al‐Sedairy
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Antigenic and allergenic components of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen were investigated to observe their effects on the skin test reactivity, lymphocyte blastogenesis and cytokine production in atopic and healthy individuals. Date pollen extracts were fractionated using SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. Western blotting of SDS-PAGE separated components with antiserum raised against whole pollen extract in rabbits revealed at least 22 immunoreactive bands ranging in molecular weight between 12 and 94 kD. The immunogenicity of the pollen extract was further confirmed by strong positive reactions in ELISA and Ouchterlony's double diffusion tests. Immunoblot analyses revealed IgG and IgE reactive components (14-94 kD for IgG and 12-90 kD for IgE) in the skin test-positive patients' sera against whole pollen extract. Fifteen of 60 atopics reacted positively to either whole or some fractions of date pollen extract when skin tested. In response to whole or components of date pollen extract atopic patients showed differential peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferative response and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4) production when compared with PBL of normal subjects. Our findings strongly suggest that date palm pollen should be considered a reaginic component and should be included in the battery of allergens for determining the allergic status of atopic patients, particularly in those parts of the world where the date palm is grown commercially.
Nonautonomous role for stromal fibroblasts’ p53/p21 in mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Ioulia Chatzistamou, Hippokratis Kiaris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

A67 

During carcinogenesis stromal fibroblasts undergo certain changes in concert with their neoplastic neighbors, an interaction that progressively leads to a cancer-associated state. Despite however the increasing appreciation of the importance of stromal/tumor interactions in the progression of cancer, little is known about the factors responsible for regulating the crosstalk between stromal fibroblasts and neoplastic cells. We show that p53 deficiency in stromal fibroblasts, a common genetic lesion in breast, prostate and probably other cancers, accelerates tumor growth in xenograft models of the disease in which breast cancers have been reconstituted in SCID mice by MCF7 cells and breast cancers differing in the p53 status. Consistent with these findings were the results of experiments in which the growth of breast cancer cells was assessed in vivo in immunoincompetent mice differing in the p53 status. In order to further explore the biological relevance of our findings we asked if p21/waf1 is differentially expressed in primary benign and malignant human breast tumors. Our hypothesis was based on two lines of evidence: a. In part the effects of p53 in cell cycle are mediated by p21 and thus, an overlap between the consequences of these two cell cycle regulators is anticipated, and b. p21 is only rarely - if ever - mutated in primary human tumors, however, it is subjected to complex, yet unclear, regulation during carcinogenesis. We found that while in malignant adenocarcinomas p21 expression in the stromal fibroblasts was random exhibiting a mosaic pattern, in fibroadenomas p21 positivity was consistent with a periductal pattern. Thus, we conclude that during transition of stromal fibroblasts into a cancer-associated state modulation of p53/p21-related signaling plays an important role, affecting tumorigenesis by paracrine, in addition to its well established cell-autonomous mechanisms.    This work was supported by grant EPAN (05NON-EU-13) from the Greek Ministry of Development and the European Union to HK.
Early Exposure to Marijuana and Risk of Later Drug Use—Reply
Authors: K J S Anand
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
There is no such thing as ageing
Authors: D E B Powell, R. Doll, R. Peto
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—In an effort to delay my own ageing process, I have struggled to understand Peto and Doll’s argument that there is no such thing as ageing.1 Their case seems to be predicated on their second paragraph, where they assert: “What the major diseases of adult life have shared for tens of millions of years is a common set of evolutionary pressures tending to relegate them to old age.... Natural selection acts much more strongly against death in early adult life than against death in old age.”1

Apart from this being a circular argument, which in its conclusion is more of a description than an explanation, it fails to account for some facts. Thus, if the underlying mechanism is an evolutionary one acting over such a long time span, how are we to understand the dramatic changes in life expectancy that have occurred in industrial societies—even within the living memories of your older readers? Butler’s article in the same issue shows this clearly.2 Similarly, Peto and Doll’s case rests uneasily with that of Grimley Evans, who describes hale elderly men in biblical and Greek history.3 Perhaps those who survived to be octogenarians then were fitter than those today. Most would settle for Moses’s epitaph: he “was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.”4 These changes in life expectancy (possibly in both directions) are almost contemporary in an evolutionary time scale. They certainly can have had nothing to do with a postulated teleological pressure. 

Peto and Doll also engage in some diverting mathematical juggling between mice and men. While they admit that for their thesis the difference between a billion and a trillion does not matter, their extrapolations are likely to be equally immaterial. 

It is an old (you might say aged) trick to take a common, generally understood term and so hedge your definition of it with qualifications that it is robbed of its meaning. I would settle for the definition of age and ageing in the Shorter Oxford Dictionary of 1933—“to grow or make old.”
A salutary lesson: Learning from our mistakes
Authors: K. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

I made a mistake recently. I was working as a clinical assistant in accident and emergency and I missed a fracture. I missed it because I did not x ray the injured digit; I did not believe it to be fractured clinically.

I was doing the dressing clinic when the sister appeared to warn me of a patient outside who was “hopping mad,” having been sent for an x ray examination by his GP. Pull the card, I said, feeling philosophical until I saw my own handwriting from seven weeks earlier. Should she get someone else to see him, asked the nurse. I resisted the temptation. …
Children and sport
Authors: H. Crombie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Although feedforward activity may suffice for recognizing objects in isolation, additional visual operations that aid object recognition might be needed for real-world scenes. One such additional operation is figure-ground segmentation, extracting the relevant features and locations of the target object while ignoring irrelevant features. In this study of 60 human participants (female and male), we show objects on backgrounds of increasing complexity to investigate whether recurrent computations are increasingly important for segmenting objects from more complex backgrounds. Three lines of evidence show that recurrent processing is critical for recognition of objects embedded in complex scenes. First, behavioral results indicated a greater reduction in performance after masking objects presented on more complex backgrounds, with the degree of impairment increasing with increasing background complexity. Second, electroencephalography (EEG) measurements showed clear differences in the evoked response potentials between conditions around time points beyond feedforward activity, and exploratory object decoding analyses based on the EEG signal indicated later decoding onsets for objects embedded in more complex backgrounds. Third, deep convolutional neural network performance confirmed this interpretation. Feedforward and less deep networks showed a higher degree of impairment in recognition for objects in complex backgrounds compared with recurrent and deeper networks. Together, these results support the notion that recurrent computations drive figure-ground segmentation of objects in complex scenes. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The incredible speed of object recognition suggests that it relies purely on a fast feedforward buildup of perceptual activity. However, this view is contradicted by studies showing that disruption of recurrent processing leads to decreased object recognition performance. Here, we resolve this issue by showing that how object recognition is resolved and whether recurrent processing is crucial depends on the context in which it is presented. For objects presented in isolation or in simple environments, feedforward activity could be sufficient for successful object recognition. However, when the environment is more complex, additional processing seems necessary to select the elements that belong to the object and by that segregate them from the background.
Features of pigmented vulval lesions on dermoscopy
Authors: S. Ronger-Savle, V. Julien, G. Duru, D. Raudrant, S. Dalle, L. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The dermoscopic criteria for benign and malignant lesions on the vulva are not well established due to the lack of large series of such lesions. Melanoma should always be included in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions on the vulva especially when they are wide, or of recent onset. Elsewhere on the skin dermoscopy plays an important role in the selection of suspicious pigmented lesions, as well as in the selection of the best site to perform the biopsy.To analyse the dermoscopic patterns observed in pigmented lesions of the vulva.We analysed a nonselected consecutive series of 68 histopathologically proven cases comprising five melanomas, 16 naevi, 20 lentigos, 12 benign vulval melanoses, 11 cases of postinflammatory pigmentation, three pigmented cases of usual vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and one seborrhoeic keratosis seen at our institution. The dermoscope was covered by translucent disposable food wrap and/or antibacterial gel to prevent possible transmission of infections. Descriptive statistics were performed using multiple correspondence analysis.The parallel (37%), ring-like (9%), homogeneous (22%), globular-like (13%) and reticular-like (6%) patterns were observed on benign lesions (naevi, lentigo, vulval melanosis and postinflammatory pigmentation). The cerebriform pattern (6%) was observed only on VIN and seborrhoeic keratosis. The multicomponent pattern (6%) was associated with melanoma (60%). In cases of melanoma we also occasionally observed an irregular pattern, a whitish or blue-whitish veil, irregularly distributed dots and globules and atypical vascular pattern. Using multiple correspondence analysis, we designed a new algorithm for the early detection of vulval melanomas.Dermoscopy can play a role in the noninvasive classification of vulval melanosis. However, further studies of larger collaborative series are needed to validate our vulval melanoma diagnostic algorithm. VIN and seborrhoeic keratosis share the same dermoscopic features and biopsy should be considered for seborrhoeic-like keratosis. In case of doubt pathological examination of a biopsy remains mandatory.
Abstract 4432: The involvement of suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) in the ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Authors: Shu-Chuan Chen, Huan-Yu Lin, Shiu-Ting Lin, Mei-Jung Wang, Jeou-Yuan Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract SOCS proteins were initially identified as the suppressors of cytokine signaling. There are eight members in the SOCS family, each containing a central SH2 domain and a carboxyl-terminal SOCS box motif. Among the SOCS family proteins, CIS and SOCS1-3 have been shown to be expressed at elevated levels upon cytokine treatment, and the up-regulated proteins can then turn around to suppress the cytokine signaling through recruiting the phosphorylated signaling intermediates for ubiquitylation-mediated protein degradation, leading to the blockade of the signaling pathway. However, the involvement of other SOCS family proteins, including SOCS6, in protein ubiquitylation remains to be addressed. We have previously shown that biallelic inactivation of SOCS6 is a frequent event in human gastric cancer, and that overexpression of SOCS6 inhibits cell growth as well as colony formation, suggesting a potential role of SOCS6 as a tumor suppressor. We further demonstrated that SOCS6 is targeted to the mitochondria, and induces mitochondrial fragmentation accompanied with intrinsic apoptosis. In this study, we explored the possible linkage of SOCS6 to the formation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. By GST-pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that SOCS6 interacted with Elongin B/C and Cullin 5. At steady state, SOCS6 is expressed at relatively low level, but its level is increased in the presence of proteasome inhibitor MG132. In addition, ectopic expression of Elongin B/C and/or Cullin 5 also led to the stabilization of SOCS6 protein. We also showed that formation of an intact Elongin B/C-Cullin 5-SOCS (ECS) E3 ligase complex is important for SOCS6-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Mutations of the conserved Leu500 and Cys504 residues in the BC-box located in SOCS box motif yielded a SOCS6 mutant that not only lost the ability to interact with Elongin B/C but also failed to induce mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. Most importantly, ablation of Elongin C activity protected cells from SOCS6-mediated mitochondrial fission. These data suggest an important role of SOCS6 in modulating mitochondrial dynamics mediated through ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase complex activity. We have also searched for substrates of SOCS6-mediated ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase complex by immunoprecipitation using an anti-K-ϵ-GG antibody followed by proteome study. The characterization of the ubiquitylated candidate proteins will be further discussed. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Shu-Chuan Chen, Huan-Yu Lin, Shiu-Ting Lin, Mei-Jung Wang, Jeou-Yuan Chen. The involvement of suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) in the ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4432. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4432
The Wellcome Trust Illustrated History of Tropical Diseases, by Ed F E G Cox
Authors: D. N J Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ed F E G Cox / Wellcome Trust, £35, pp 454 / ISBN 1 869835 86 7

Within tropical medicine a spirited debate is taking place about this specialty's future. This debate arises out of the particular history of tropical medicine. The specialty developed to protect the health of colonialists and their workers and has a strong base in classical parasitology. The most extreme argument is that, since the colonies have gone, the specialty is no longer needed. Another view is that clinical expertise in tropical medicine is vital if the health of people in the tropics is to be improved. Others are focusing on the difficulties of delivering effective clinical services in …