tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Coexistence of Esophageal Submucosal Tumor and Carcinoma
Authors: H. Yoshikane, Y. Tsukamoto, Y. Niwa, H. Goto, S. Hase, S. Maruta, M. Shimodaira, A. Miyata
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

The coexistence of esophageal submucosal tumor and carcinoma has been reported only in very few cases up to now, and the relationship between them is unclear. To elucidate the incidence and the pathogenesis of their coexistence, endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were sequentially performed in 95 patients who were suspected of having a submucosal tumor of the esophagus. EUS revealed 83 submucosal tumors and 12 cases of extraluminal compression. Two cases of esophageal carcinoma were observed in the series. In one patient, intraepithelial carcinoma was present on a leiomyoma originating in the muscularis mucosae, and in the other patient, multiple superficial carcinomas were presented.
A METHOD OF ANAESTHETIZING THE LARYNX
Authors: C. Yorke
Journal: BMJ (1914)

screaming with pains in head and neck.Any movement, even swallowinig, increasedI the pain.Sihe was admitted late oni July 21st, and whlen seen next day she lay oIn her right side with legs drawn up aln(d hea(l retracted; the nieclk muscles were rigid; she was conscious but drowsy, quite intelligent, occasionally screaming out with pain.rhere was no paralysis,.but she did not attempt to move herself.Temperature 1030, respirations 28, pulse 108, feeble.Bowels constipate(d since iniitial diarrhoea.Throat healthy, ears niormal, no herp;es, no purpiric spots.Teeth very carions, tongue foul.Lunigs healthy; a systolic murmur at cardiac apex.Abdomen not retracted; no ascites; liver and spleen nlormal.The urine conitained albumin.No muscular tender- ness or wasting; Kernig's sign not present.Knee-jerks absent; abdlominal reflexes presernt; plantar, left extensor, righlt flexor.Oppenheim's reflex well marked.Pupils small, equal, reacted well.No squint.No nystagmus.Optic discs normal.On lumbar puncture 20 c.cm. of cerebro-spinal fluid dlripped out slowly; it contained albumin, a moderate number of cells, chiefly polymorphonuclears, and abundant pneumococci in pure culture.Urotropin gr.iij wvag given every hour.On July 23rd she had not vomited since admission; she was
DRUG POINTS: Centrolobular liver cell necrosis, myocardial infarction, and hyperamylasaemia after high dose corticosteroids
Authors: R Olsson, C Lindberg, O Andersen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Wald and Farr recently described increased aminotransferase values in patients with asthma receiving prednisone >=10 mg/day.1 We describe a 69 year old patient with myasthenia who, while receiving pyridostigmine 420 mg and hyoscyamine 1.6 mg daily, was given methylprednisolone 2 g/day for two days at intervals of four to six weeks. His aminotransferase values were …
Detection of ALK Rearrangement by Immunohistochemistry in Lung Adenocarcinoma and the Identification of a Novel EML4-ALK Variant
Authors: Ka-Fai To, Joanna HM Tong, King SF Yeung, Raymond WM Lung, Peggy PY Law, Shuk Ling Chau, Wei Kang, Carol YK Tong, Chit Chow, Anthony WH Chan, Linda KS Leung, Tony SK Mok
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Effect of mitral valve surgery on exercise capacity, ventricular ejection fraction and neurohormonal activation in patients with severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Thierry Le Tourneau, Pascal de Groote, Alain Millaire, Claude Foucher, Christine Savoye, Pascal Pigny, Alain Prat, Henri Warembourg, Jean Marc Lablanche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Early mesothelial cell proliferation after asbestos exposure: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Authors: I Y Adamson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

There is some evidence that proliferation of pleural mesothelial cells (MC) occurs soon after deposition of asbestos fibers. To study this effect, we instilled a single dose of 0.1 mg crocidolite into the lungs of mice for 1 and 6 weeks and counted labeled nuclei after 3H-thymidine (3HT) injection. Short fibers (< 1 micron) induced little change in the lung; they were mostly phagocytized and had a minimal effect on MC labeling. Long fibers up to 20 microns damaged the bronchiolar epithelium and were incorporated into connective tissue. Increased 3HT uptake was seen in fibroblasts and epithelial cells and also in MC, which peaked at 2% labeled at 1 week compared to near 0% labeling in controls. No fibers were found in or near labeled MC, which suggested that a cytokine generated in the lung during the early response phase might induce MC proliferation. To look for a cytokine effect in vitro, we instilled asbestos into rat lungs and, after 1 and 6 weeks, bronchoalveolar and pleural lavage fluids as well as macrophages were collected. Alveolar macrophages contained fibers, but pleural macrophages (PM) did not. After short-term culture, macrophage supernatants and the lavage fluids were tested on rat lung MC in culture. At 1 week, PM secreted growth factor(s) for MC, and the mitogenic effect was more pronounced with lavage fluids. No effects on MC were found using material prepared 6 weeks after asbestos. The early MC growth increase was not blocked by antibodies to cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, or tumor necrosis factor, but was inhibited by anti-keratinocyte growth factor (anti-KGF). The results show that an early growth phase of MC after asbestos exposure appears unrelated to particle translocation to the pleura but is associated with cytokine release, most likely KGF, by lung cells.
Accountable care organization program cuts costs and improves care, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A pilot program of 32 “pioneer” accountable care organizations generated substantial savings while improving the quality of care, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has said. 

Accountable care organizations are a group or networks of providers who, in exchange for bonuses, agree to meet specific quality benchmarks that promote prevention and chronic disease management.

The hope is that …
Bioethical Considerations in Translational Research: Primate Stroke
Authors: Michael E. Sughrue, J. Mocco, Willam J. Mack, Andrew F. Ducruet, Ricardo J. Komotar, Ruth L. Fischbach, Thomas E. Martin, E. Sander Connolly
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Controversy and activism have long been linked to the subject of primate research. Even in the midst of raging ethical debates surrounding fertility treatments, genetically modified foods and stem-cell research, there has been no reduction in the campaigns of activists worldwide. Playing their trade of intimidation aimed at ending biomedical experimentation in all animals, they have succeeded in creating an environment where research institutions, often painted as guilty until proven innocent, have avoided addressing the issue for fear of becoming targets. One area of intense debate is the use of primates in stroke research. Despite the fact that stroke kills more people each year than AIDS and malaria, and less than 5% of patients are candidates for current therapies, there is significant opposition to primate stroke research. A balanced examination of the ethics of primate stroke research is thus of broad interest to all areas of biomedical research.
The transcription factor PU.1 is involved in macrophage proliferation.
Authors: A Celada, F E Borràs, C Soler, J Lloberas, M Klemsz, C van Beveren, S McKercher, R A Maki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

PU.1 is a tissue-specific transcription factor that is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic lineage including macrophages, granulocytes, and B lymphocytes. Bone marrow-derived macrophages transfected with an antisense PU.1 expression construct or treated with antisense oligonucleotides showed a decrease in proliferation compared with controls. In contrast, bone marrow macrophages transfected with a sense PU.1 expression construct displayed enhanced macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent proliferation. Interestingly, there was no effect of sense or antisense constructs of PU.1 on the proliferation of the M-CSF-independent cell line, suggesting that the response was M-CSF dependent. This was further supported by the finding that macrophages transfected with a sense or an antisense PU.1 construct showed, respectively, an increased or a reduced level of surface expression of receptors for M-CSF. The enhancement of proliferation seems to be selective for PU.1, since transfections with several other members of the ets family, including ets-2 and fli-1, had no effect. Various mutants of PU.1 were also tested for their ability to affect macrophage proliferation. A reduction in macrophage proliferation was found when cells were transfected with a construct in which the DNA-binding domain of PU.1 was expressed. The PEST (proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich region) sequence of the PU.1 protein, which is an important domain for protein-protein interactions in B cells, was found to have no influence on PU.1-enhanced macrophage proliferation when an expression construct containing PU.1 minus the PEST domain was transfected into bone marrow-derived macrophages. In vivo, PU.1 is phosphorylated on several serine residues. The transfection of plasmids containing PU.1 with mutations at each of five serines showed that only positions 41 and 45 are critical for enhanced macrophage proliferation. We conclude that PU.1 is necessary for the M-CSF-dependent proliferation of macrophages. One of the proliferation-relevant targets of this transcription factor could be the M-CSF receptor.
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin-? gene knockout mice
Authors: Franziska Boess, Martin Bopst, Roland Althaus, Stacey Polsky, Steven D. Cohen, Hans-Pietro Eugster, Urs A. Boelsterli
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recent evidence suggests that macrophages and/or other nonparenchymal cells may release important mediators contributing to the hepatic necrosis induced by high doses of acetaminophen (APAP). The nature and causative role of these mediators has remained elusive, however. To investigate the role of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the initiation and early propagation of APAP-induced liver injury, we have used mice deficient in both TNF and the closely related lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha). Male TNF/LT-alpha knockout mice and C57BL/6 wild-type mice were treated with a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), and the development of liver injury was monitored over 8 hours. Both genotypes exhibited similar basal activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 and 1A2. After APAP administration, both the rate of glutathione consumption and the extent of subsequent selective protein binding did not differ significantly in the knockout and wild-type mice. The TNF/LT-alpha-deficient mice developed severe centrilobular necrosis and exhibited highly increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, the extent of which was not significantly different from that in wild-type mice. In C57BL/6 mice exposed to APAP, no increases in hepatic transcripts of TNF or LT-alpha were found by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, nor was immunoreactive serum TNF detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay over 8 hours posttreatment. These data indicate that, in the absence of the genes encoding for TNF and LT-alpha, APAP bioactivation was not altered and mice still developed severe hepatic necrosis. Thus, TNF is unlikely to be a key mediator in the early pathogenesis of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
Possible Mode of Transfer of Infection by Syringes Used for Mass Inoculation
Authors: R. J. Evans, E. T. C. Spooner
Journal: BMJ (1950)

A common mass-inoculation technique (M.R.C., 1945) employs a separate sterile needle for each injection, but does not sterilize the syringe, which contains several doses of inoculum, between injections.Accidental infections attributable to this practice do not seem to have been described, and experience generally suggests that the technique is, so far as any injection tech- nique can be, a safe one.We do not wish to suggest that the experiments to be described mean that this " separate needle, common syringe" procedure carries a high risk; if a fresh sterile syringe cannot be used for each subject, we think it is the best technique at present available for mass-inoculation purposes.It seemed, however, worth while to investigate the advantages of using a fresh needle for each injection, partly because of the observations of Hughes (1946), discussed below, and partly because of the association of polio- myelitis with prophylactic inoculation (McCloskey, 1950; Bradford Hill and Knowelden, 1950).It seems unlikely that the transmission of poliomyelitis virus by syringe can account for this association; other hypotheses are more probable in the light of our present knowledge.But, clearly, if there is any risk at all of syringe transmission, the possibility, however remote, should be evaluated as accurately as circumstances permit.
Medicine in Medieval England
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The physician today who wants to acquire a good foundation in medical history will have the greatest difficulty with the medieval period. For medicine in ancient Greece and Rome, or the Renaissance, or the more modern times, there are abundant books available. But for the medieval era, despite the many scholarly monographs and articles, there are relatively few books that will appeal to the general reader or the non-specialist. Professor Talbot's book, providing an excellent overview, is particularly welcome. Although the main emphasis rests on British medicine in the medieval period, the consideration of this topic necessarily involves relationships to continental medicine. Talbot traces the transmission of Greek medicine to the Arab world, its further development, and reintroduction back into the west. There is an excellent discussion of medical education. Other chapters take up various aspects of more narrowly medical character, such as anatomy and surgery, and more general topics
bcl-2 Protein in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Francesco Pezzella, Helen Turley, Isinzu Kuzu, Mohammed Fahim Tungekar, Michael S. Dunnill, Chris B. Pierce, Adrian Harris, Kevin C. Gatter, David Y. Mason
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The proto-oncogene bcl-2 encodes a protein that inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). The protein is expressed in basal cells in normal human epithelium, but no data are available on the frequency or clinical importance of its expression in carcinoma. We studied bcl-2 expression in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma and correlated this phenomenon with survival.
Presentation of Antigen in Immune Complexes Is Boosted by Soluble Bacterial Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins
Authors: Michel Léonetti, Jérome Galon, Robert Thai, Catherine Sautès-Fridman, Gervaise Moine, André Ménez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Using a snake toxin as a proteic antigen (Ag), two murine toxin–specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), splenocytes, and two murine Ag–specific T cell hybridomas, we showed that soluble protein A (SpA) from Staphylococcus aureus and protein G from Streptococcus subspecies, two Ig binding proteins (IBPs), not only abolish the capacity of the mAbs to decrease Ag presentation but also increase Ag presentation 20–100-fold. Five lines of evidence suggest that this phenomenon results from binding of an IBP–Ab–Ag complex to B cells possessing IBP receptors. First, we showed that SpA is likely to boost presentation of a free mAb, suggesting that the IBP-boosted presentation of an Ag in an immune complex results from the binding of IBP to the mAb. Second, FACS® analyses showed that an Ag–Ab complex is preferentially targeted by SpA to a subpopulation of splenocytes mainly composed of B cells. Third, SpA-dependent boosted presentation of an Ag–Ab complex is further enhanced when splenocytes are enriched in cells containing SpA receptors. Fourth, the boosting effect largely diminishes when splenocytes are depleted of cells containing SpA receptors. Fifth, the boosting effect occurs only when IBP simultaneously contains a Fab and an Fc binding site. Altogether, our data suggest that soluble IBPs can bridge immune complexes to APCs containing IBP receptors, raising the possibility that during an infection process by bacteria secreting these IBPs, Ag-specific T cells may activate IBP receptor–containing B cells by a mechanism of intermolecular help, thus leading to a nonspecific immune response.
REPORT OF A CASE OF FUNCTIONAL APHONIA, CURED UNDER GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Authors: C. Norman Howard
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Mrs. M. T., aged 51, whose nervous system has been below par since her husband committed suicide, a year and a half ago, in January, 1922, contracted influenza. Prior to February 1, she enjoyed the full use of her voice, but that morning she found that she could not talk above a whisper. She ascribed the condition to the influenza. A number of chiropractic treatments were taken, but the voice remained a whisper. For the relief of this condition, she reported, Oct. 30, 1922. The loss of the voice had then persisted continuously for nine months. Examination of the larynx revealed a slight redness of the posterior fourth of the left vocal cord. There was no paralysis of either cord. Examination revealed that the heart, lungs and kidneys were negative; the Wassermann reaction was negative, and there was no aortic aneurysm or goiter. A diagnosis was made of functional aphonia,
Role of endogenous prostaglandin E2 in erythropoietin production and dome formation by human renal carcinoma cells in culture.
Authors: M Hagiwara, D B McNamara, I L Chen, J W Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Studies were carried out on the role of endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in erythropoietin (Ep) production and dome formation in primary monolayer cultures of a human renal carcinoma from a patient with erythrocytosis that has been serially transplanted into BALB/c athymic nude mice. The metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid (14C-AA) by cultured renal carcinoma cells, which were plated in 25-cm2 flasks at a density of 2 X 10(4) cells/cm2 and grown for 6, 12 (confluence, 13 X 10(4) cells/cm2), 16, 24, and 30 d in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, was examined by using radiometric thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC revealed PGE2 to be the major metabolite of 14C-AA produced by the cultured cells throughout the 30 d of cultivation. In addition, the cultured cells at each time period were incubated for 24 h in 5 ml of serum-free Eagle's MEM and the levels of PGE2 and Ep in the incubated media were measured via radioimmunoassay. PGE2 levels in the serum-free media incubated with the cultured cells grown for 6 d were significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated (174 +/- 2.5 pg/ml, n = 5), compared with the unincubated control media (1.5 +/- 0.19 pg/ml, n = 5) and gradually decreased at each time period to 97.6 +/- 4.4 pg/ml (n = 5) at 30 d. On the other hand, the levels of Ep in the incubated media of the cells grown for 6 d were 11.5 +/- 0.52 mU/ml (n = 5) compared with 7.6 +/- 0.62 mU/ml (n = 5) in the control media. However, after the cultured cells became confluent, the levels of Ep in the incubated media showed a marked increase to 222.9 +/- 5.26 mU/ml (n = 5) at 30 d of cultivation. Multicellular hemicysts (domes) developed after the cultured cells reached confluence and their numbers increased with increasing time in confluence in parallel with the increase in Ep. Meclofenamate (MF) (3 X 10(-6)-3 X 10(-5) M), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, produced a significant dose-related decrease in PGE2, Ep, and dome formation without producing a significant effect on cell viability in the 30-d cells. This inhibitory effect of MF on Ep production and dome formation was completely abolished by the addition of 10(-8) M PGE2 to the incubation medium. In conclusion, endogenous PGE2 plays an important role in supporting and/or stimulating Ep production and dome formation in cultured renal carcinoma cells.
Clinical Implications of Studies of Erythrocytes with "Elevated Erythrocytic ATP."
Authors: George J. Brewer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Clinical Implications of Studies of Erythrocytes with "Elevated Erythrocytic ATP."George J. Brewer, M.D.George J. Brewer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-912_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevated erythrocyte ATP is a recently described inherited abnormality in which erythrocytes of some affected individuals contain levels of ATP (6.0 µm/g hemoglobin) twice the normal mean (3.1 µm). Genetic studies of this Negro kindred are consistent with simple autosomal inheritance. Genes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and sickle hemoglobin also occur in the kindred but segregate independently. The propositus, whose erythrocytes have twice normal levels of ATP, is G-6-PD deficient. He is as susceptible to primaquine-induced hemolysis as other G-6-PD deficient subjects, and drug ingestion does not influence his erythrocytic ATP level; these findings argue strongly against one current... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George J. Brewer, M.D.Affiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA technique for the processing of blood samples for subsequent assay of ATP, and an investigation of the method of standardization of the firefly-luciferase ATP assay 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 912-912KeywordsAdenosine triphosphateDehydrogenasesDrugsGeneticsGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyHemoglobinIngestion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...