tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Science, medicine, and the future: Near patient microbiological tests
Authors: S P Borriello
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A revolution is occurring in the detection, identification, and characterisation of pathogens by the combining of the seemingly disparate fields of nucleic acid analysis, bioinformatics, data storage and retrieval, nanotechnology, physics, microelectronics, and polymer, solid state, and combinatorial chemistry. The scenario of taking a drop of blood, urine, or saliva and within an hour knowing whether a pathogen is present and its antimicrobial resistance potential is no longer science fiction but will soon be reality. These developments, particularly with regard to near patient testing, have important implications for the delivery of health care They will affect primary care, prescribing practice, organisation of pathology laboratories, counselling services, surveillance and epidemiology, and medicolegal practice.

Near patient testing could be implemented in various settings—at hospital bedside, in an outpatient clinic, in a dental or general practice surgery, or in a patient's home. Testing kits might be complete diagnostic units, needing no processing other than application of test material and yielding instant results, or they may need manipulation of test material or use of other equipment for the test to be read and interpreted.

The main driving forces behind the development of such testing kits have been the search for life in space exploration and the military's need to detect agents of biological warfare. In both cases miniaturisation and robustness of detection systems have been necessary. Systems for detecting biological weapons must be able to rapidly detect and identify a variety of pathogens or their virulence factors, particularly toxins.

### Antibody based systems

Many new test kit technologies coming on to the market for patient diagnosis are still based on antigen-antibody interactions, an old diagnostic technology. The developments that have permitted near patient testing are in new detection systems for antigen-antibody complexes, allowing results to be read by eye, use of a control that is built into the …
Abstract MP20: Dietary Quality and Mortality among Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Shanshan Li, Stephanie E Chiuve, Alan Flint, Jennifer Pai, John Forman, Frank B Hu, Walter C Willett, Kenneth J Mukamal, Eric Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Despite the increase in the prevalence of non-fatal Myocardial Infarction (MI) in the United States, evidence based recommendations for diet post-MI are limited and established primarily from studies of short duration. Objective: Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professional Follow-Up Study, we assessed dietary quality, measured by the recently developed Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI2010), to evaluate diet post-MI and changes in diet from pre- to post-MI in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Method and Results: We included 2,258 women and 1,840 men who were free of cardiovascular disease, stroke or cancer at the time of enrollment (1976 for women and 1986 for men), and survived a first MI during the follow up through 2008. Individuals were free of stroke at the time of initial MI onset, provided both pre-MI exposure information and at least one post-MI food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). During follow-up, we confirmed 682 all cause and 336 cardiovascular deaths for women, and 451 all cause and 222 cardiovascular deaths for men. The median survival time after initial MI was 8.7 years for women and 9.0 years for men. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI2010) was developed based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature to determine foods and nutrients most consistently associated with lower chronic disease risk and has the following 11 components: vegetables, fruits, nuts and legumes, red meat and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, alcohol, polyunsaturated fat (no EPA or DHA), trans fat, omega-3 fat (EPA and DHA), whole grains and sodium intake. We used Cox proportional hazards models with time since initial MI onset as the underlying time scale and adjusted for medication use, medical history, and lifestyles factors. After pooling the results from both cohorts, the adjusted HR was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.60-0.96) for all-cause mortality and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.51-1.05) for cardiovascular mortality, between the highest and lowest quintile of the AHEI2010. A greater increase in AHEI2010 score from the pre- to post-MI period comparing Q5 (highest increase) vs. Q1 (lowest increase), was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality (pooled HR= 0.71, 95%CI: 0.55-0.90) and cardiovascular mortality (pooled HR= 0.59, 95%CI: 0.41- 0.86). Conclusions: Our results suggest that post-MI patients who consume a higher quality diet, which has been associated with lower risk of CHD in primary prevention, have lower all-cause mortality. The current dietary recommendations for secondary prevention among MI patients need to be updated to reflect current scientific knowledge and to offer comprehensive advice on overall healthy diet quality.
Tafeln mit Umschlagfarben zum Nachweis von relativer Rotund Grünsichtigkeit.
Authors: E. Wölfflin, Manuel López Enríquez
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correspondence re: S. J. Rinkus and M. S. Legator. Chemical Characterization of 465 Known or Suspected Carcinogens and Their Correlation with Mutagenic Activity in the Salmonella typhimurium System. Cancer Res., 39: 3289–3318, 1979 Salmonella Revisited: A Reply to Ames and McCann
Authors: Stephen J. Rinkus, Marvin S. Legator
Journal: Cancer Research (1981)
Contact allergy to preservatives. Analysis of IVDK data 1996-2009
Authors: A. Schnuch, H. Lessmann, J. Geier, W. Uter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Preservatives are well-known and important contact allergens.To examine the frequency of sensitization to preservatives, including time trends.Retrospective analysis of data on patch testing of preservatives contained in the standard series and special series collected by the IVDK during 1996-2009.Some 120,000 and 80,000 patients were tested with the baseline and the preservative series, respectively. Sensitization frequencies of the standard series allergens all ranged above 1%: methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) 2·36-4·5%, methy(chloro)isothiazolinone (MCI/MI) 2·22%, formaldehyde 1·54%, paraben mix 1·33% and Bronopol® 1·25%. Regarding the special preservative series, 1·54% reacted positive to methylisothiazolinone (MI), and < 1% to the other preservatives. Concomitant reactions to formaldehyde in formaldehyde releasers ranged from 15% to almost 50%, and 67% of MI positives reacted to MCI/MI. As indicated by the MOAHLFA index, sensitization to MI, iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) and quaternium 15 was associated more often with occupational dermatitis, whereas sensitization to imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea was associated with face dermatitis, indicating cosmetic exposure. Epidemiologically relevant decreases (> 10%) were seen in chloroacetamide, benzyl alcohol and MDBGN. Epidemiologically relevant increases were noted in IPBC, sodium benzoate and MI.Preservatives are still important contact allergens. The introduction of new preservatives should consider the specific characteristics of occupational and of nonoccupational (cosmetic, household) exposure, and preventive measures should aim equally at both areas.
ABC of psychological medicine: Organising care for chronic illness
Authors: M. Von Korff
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A major and increasing task for health services is the management of chronic illness.Although the details of chronic illness management will depend on the illness in question, many of the principles are common to all chronic conditions. Principles of effective managementWhatever health services may offer, most of the day to day responsibilities for the care of chronic illness fall on patients and their families.Planners and organisers of medical care must therefore recognise that health care will be most effective if it is delivered in collaboration with patients and their families.To enable patients to play an active role in their care, health services must not only provide good medical treatment but also improve patients' knowledge and self management skills.This can be done by supplementing medical care with educational and cognitive behavioural interventions.Chronic disease treatment programmes have tended to underestimate the need for this aspect of care, and, consequently, many treatment programmes have been psychologically naive and, as a result, less effective than they could have been.Services also need to be not merely reactive to patients' requests but proactive with planned follow up.Finally, to be most efficient, interventions are best organised in a stepped fashion-that is, the more complex and expensive interventions are given only when simpler and cheaper ones have been shown to be inadequate or inappropriate.
1007. Safety of Adenoviral Vectors: Results of Clinical Investigations in 445 Cancer Patients Treated with Advexin® (Adenoviral p53) Gene Therapy
Authors: Louis A. Zumstein, Donna Call, James Merritt, Robert E. Sobol, Kerstin Menander
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Safety data were collected from 445 patients treated with Advexin® (adenoviral p53) gene therapy for cancer in 14 clinical trials (Phase I, II and III). Advexin gene therapy was used as monotherapy in 11 trials and in combination with chemotherapy or radiation in 3 clinical studies. The treated patients had advanced cancers, primarily lung and squamous cell head and neck cancers, but also included patients with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and other solid tumors. Most patients were treated with multiple cycles of therapy by an intratumoral route of administration, while 17 patients were treated intravenously. Overall, greater than 3,000 injections of Advexin were administered.
Formation of hydroxyapatite onto glasses of the CaO–MgO–SiO2 system with B2O3, Na2O, CaF2 and P2O5 additives
Authors: S. Agathopoulos, D.U. Tulyaganov, J.M.G. Ventura, S. Kannan, M.A. Karakassides, J.M.F. Ferreira
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Epicutaneous aeroallergen sensitization in atopic dermatitis infants – determining the role of epidermal barrier impairment
Authors: F. Boralevi, T. Hubiche, C. Léauté‐Labrèze, E. Saubusse, M. Fayon, S. Roul, S. Maurice‐Tison, A. Taïeb
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Sensitization to atopens is an early phenomenon that overlaps with the onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy. Early epidermal barrier impairment may facilitate the epicutaneous penetration of atopens.To correlate transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and aeroallergen sensitization in infants with AD.In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 59 AD children and 30 controls aged 3-12 months. Transepidermal water loss in uninvolved skin, specific immunoglobulin E, atopy patch test (APT) and skin prick tests were performed with respect to seven aeroallergens, i.e., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, cat, dog, birch pollen, ambrosia, and cockroach. Environmental conditions were assessed by a questionnaire, and the house dust mite (HDM) concentration was determined in dust samples.Eighty-nine percent of AD infants had a positive APT vs one out of eleven controls. AD infants had a significantly higher mean TEWL than controls (27.4 vs 11.1 g/m(2)/h, P < 0001). Children with two or more positive APT had higher TEWL than the others (31.1 vs 19.0 g/m(2)/h, P < 0.025). No correlation was found between indoor APT results and exposure to HDM, cats, and dogs at home.This study confirms the high prevalence of delayed sensitization to indoor and outdoor aeroallergens in AD infants, and shows that the higher the TEWL, the higher the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens. These data are in favor of a major role of a constitutive epidermal barrier impairment in determining early atopen sensitization in infants with AD.
Psychiatry 1982: The American Psychiatric Association Annual Review.
Authors: Lester Grinspoon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Part I: The Psychiatric Aspects of Sexuality. Introduction. Sexual anatomy and physiology. The psychosexual dysfunctions: diagnostic complexities. The treatment of psychosexual dysfunctions: an overview. Sex therapy: the problem cases. Medicine, surgery, and sexual dysfunction. Sexual behavior in the separated, divorced, widowed and he aged. Gender and gender disturbance: childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Incest and rape: repercussions in sexual behavior. Bibliographies to part one. Part II. Introduction to part two. The clinical pictures and diagnosis of the schizophrenic disorders. Introduction to etiologic studies of the schizophrenic disorders. The role of genetic factors in the etiology of the schizophrenic disorders. Social factors in the etiology of the schizophrenic disorders. Biochemical and morphological factors in the schizophrenic disorders. Introduction to the treatment of the schizophrenic disorders. The psychotherapy of the schizophrenic disorders. Group, family, and milieu therapies and psychosocial rehabilitation in the treatment of the schizophrenic disorders. Recent advances in the pharmacologic treatment of the schizophrenic disorders. Bibliographies to part two. Part III: Depression in Childhood and Adolescence. Introduction to part three. Conceptual problems in the study of depression in childhood. Childhood depression from a developmental perspective. Epidemiology of childhood depression. Psychobiological correlates of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. The clinical characteristics of childhood depression. Bibliographies to part three. Part IV: Law and Psychiatry. Introduction to part four. Confidentiality in psychiatric treatment. Developments concerning the legal criteria civil commitment. Competency to consent to or refuse treatment. The right to treatment: little law but much impact. The least restrictive alternative: more about less. The right to refuse treatment. The role of the psychiatrist in the criminal justice system. Part V: Borderline and Narcissistic Personality Disorders. Introduction to part five. Empirical studies of the borderline diagnosis. Genetic factors in borderline personalities. The drug treatment of borderline patients. The psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline personalities. Narcissistic disorders within psychoanalytic theory. On the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of primary self pathology. An ego psychology and object relations approach to the narcissistic personality. Bibliographies to part five. Index.
Increased Th17 Cell Frequency and Poor Clinical Outcome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated With a Genetic Variant in the <i>IL4R</i> Gene, rs1805010
Authors: Jan Leipe, Markus A. Schramm, Iryna Prots, Hendrik Schulze‐Koops, Alla Skapenko
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective The minor allele of the IL4R gene single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs1805010, confers impaired interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) signaling and has been associated with an aggressive destructive course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL‐4 inhibits the development of Th17 cells, a cell population recently identified as being prominent in RA patients and being associated with cartilage and bone destruction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether rs1805010 modulates Th17 cell development and, hence, subsequent clinical outcome in RA. Methods A total of 90 patients with early, active RA (mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 4.6 ± 1.1) and 39 control subjects (24 healthy subjects and 15 patients with osteoarthritis [OA]) were genotyped. Serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 as well as frequencies of Th17 cells were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and evaluated at baseline and 1 year after disease onset. Results Twenty‐six percent of the RA patients were homozygous for the major allele of rs1805010, 60% were heterozygous, and 14% were homozygous for the minor allele. The RA patients who were homozygous for the minor allele demonstrated significantly higher clinical activity associated with the presence of erosions after 1 year of followup as compared to the other RA patients. The inhibitory effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development in these patients was significantly less prominent. Accordingly, the frequencies of Th17 cells and serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 were significantly increased. Conclusion The data indicate that the rs1805010 minor allele contributes to increased Th17 cell frequency, enhanced clinical activity, and accelerated radiographic progression in RA by rendering CD4 T cells from RA patients insensitive to the attenuating effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development.
Abstract 1806: End-tidal Carbon Dioxide as a Measure of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Efficacy during Human Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Joshua L Wallbrecht, Dana P Edelson, Barbara Litzinger, Deborah Walsh, Terry L Vanden Hoek, Lance B Becker, Benjamin S Abella
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ) is a physiologic measure that has potential to serve as an indicator of chest compression efficacy, with higher EtCO 2 values during CPR correlating with improved hemodynamics during prior laboratory studies. EtCO 2 measurement could therefore guide resuscitation efforts and help optimize CPR performance. Objective: To test the hypothesis that EtCO 2 levels positively correlate with improved chest compression rate and depth during human cardiac arrest. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted using a commercially available monitor/defibrillator with CPR quality and EtCO 2 sensing capabilities (MRx-QCPR, Philips Medical Systems) during in-hospital cardiac arrests at one hospital from 4/2006 until 8/2006. Resuscitation transcripts were divided into 30-second segments and mean values of chest compression rate and depth and EtCO 2 were derived for each segment. Regression analysis, with cluster-adjustment for individual patients, was used to correlate compression rate and depth with EtCO 2 . Results: Data were collected and analyzed from 281 30-second segments with a median of 12 (interquartile range: 8–33) segments per arrest from 13 consecutive patients for whom EtCO 2 and chest compression data were simultaneously available. Mean EtCO 2 was 19±7 mmHg. After adjusting for compression rate and clustering, there was a positive correlation between compression depth and EtCO 2 (regression coefficient 0.20; 95%CI [−0.01 – 0.42]). There was no significant correlation between compression rate and EtCO 2 after adjusting for compression depth and cluster, nor between survival and EtCO 2 levels. Conclusion: We found that deeper chest compressions correlated with higher EtCO 2 levels. Based on this relationship, changes in EtCO 2 during the actual resuscitation event may be reflective of the CPR quality being delivered. This work also suggests the feasibility of continuous monitoring of physiology during CPR to ensure resuscitation quality.
Presence of autoantibodies to interleukin-8 or neutrophil-activating peptide-2 in patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia
Authors: J Amiral, A Marfaing-Koka, M Wolf, MC Alessi, B Tardy, C Boyer-Neumann, AM Vissac, E Fressinaud, M Poncz, D Meyer
Journal: Blood (1996)
Abstract 745: A non-redox reactive allosteric inhibitor of MAPK phosphatases with selective toxicity to human cancer cells
Authors: Laura Vollmer, Lawrence Vernetti, Ahmet Bakan, Vasiliy Korotchenko, Ivet Bahar, Billy Day, Michael Tsang, Andreas Vogt
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are members of a family of dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that regulate cellular signaling homeostasis by dephosphorylating mitogen-activated kinases, key mediators of cell death and survival. The archetype MKP, DUSP1 (also termed MKP-1/CL100), is overexpressed in ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers and found elevated in the “oncogenic signature” of RAS mutant tumor cells. DUSP1 mediates cancer cell migration and invasion, and protects cells from apoptosis by clinically used antineoplastic agents and gamma-irradiation. Despite the evidence that DUSP1 is a promising anticancer target, efforts to discover small molecule inhibitors have been largely unsuccessful. The MKP active site is shallow and contains a catalytic cysteine that is sensitive to oxidation. Hence, prior discovery screens have mostly identified redox-reactive structures with promiscuous biological activities. Using a zebrafish chemical screen, we recently discovered a new DUSP inhibitory chemotype that has no redox-reactive structural features and that is thought to bind to an allosteric site adjacent to the catalytic cavity. Structure-activity relationship studies in transgenic zebrafish identified an analog (VNK-215) that retained DUSP1 and DUSP6 inhibitory activity but was well tolerated by the developing embryo. Here we hypothesized that VNK-215 could be selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells due to its ability to inhibit DUSP1 and lack of redox-reactive features. We found that in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, VNK-215 had apoptotic and antimigratory activity at concentrations that inhibited DUSP1 in mammalian cells, and induced phosphorylation of the DUSP1 substrates ERK, p38, and JNK. Studies in primary rat hepatocytes and live zebrafish embryos revealed that VNK-215, unlike previously described DUSP inhibitors, did not induce reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, or toxicity. Our data suggest that the promiscuous activities of existing DUSP inhibitors are the cause of redox reactivity rather than target inhibition, and posit that DUSP1 is a druggable anticancer target for small molecule allosteric inhibitors. Citation Format: Laura Vollmer, Lawrence Vernetti, Ahmet Bakan, Vasiliy Korotchenko, Ivet Bahar, Billy Day, Michael Tsang, Andreas Vogt. A non-redox reactive allosteric inhibitor of MAPK phosphatases with selective toxicity to human cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 745. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-745
The Relationship of Body Mass and Fat Distribution With Incident Hypertension
Authors: Alvin Chandra, Ian J Neeland, Jarett D Berry, Colby R Ayers, Anand Rohatgi, Sandeep R Das, Amit Khera, Darren K McGuire, James A de Lemos, Aslan T Turer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)