tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
Authors: William A. Briggs, Richard J. Rozek, Stephen D. Migdal, Joan L. Shillis, Robert G. Brackett, Frank B. Brandon, Sudesh K. Mahajan, Franklin D. McDONALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Influenza infection in renal transplant recipients may cause either morbidity and mortality or acute allograft rejection; thus, routine annual influenza vaccination should be considered. We have studied the humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza virus antigens before and after trivalent vaccine administration in 13 patients and 16 control subjects. The patients, nine of whom were either on alternate-day or low-dose daily steroid therapy, showed highly significant serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses to each influenza virus strain, There was no significant change in mean lymphocyte stimulation index to any influenza virus strain after vaccination in either group. There was no correlation in the patient group between hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer or response, or lymphocyte stimulation index or response, and the degree of allograft function or dose or duration of immunosuppressive therapy. The vigorous antibody response and the evidence of cellular immunity support the efficacy of influenza vaccination in these patients.
Aortic Aneurysm Due to Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Authors: C. G. Rob, H. H. G. Eastcott
Journal: BMJ (1955)

FACH BarnChest Clinic, the National Coal Board, and the National Union of Mineworkers; and especially to the members of the two teams who gave such devoted service, and to the men, womeni, and children of theo Rhondda Fach, without whose co-operation the scheme would have been impossible.We express our thanks for the agsistance given by the members of the Local Advisory Committee of the Rhondda Fach Scheme, and in particular to the members of its executive subcommittee.The views expressed in the paper are, however, our own and not necessarily those of the members of the Committee.RmassENcEs
Vocational training for general practice: a preliminary report.
Authors: J H Walker, A Smith, D Irvine
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A three-year experimental postgraduate course in vocational training for general practice has been set up in north-east England.The first and last six-month periods are spent in general practice and the remainder in senior house-officer appointments.In general, supply now seems to equal demand for such courses, but greater incentives are needed to encourage applicants other than those who would prepare themselves for general practice in any case.
Women Under the Knife: A Gynecologist's Report on Hazardous Medicine
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1985)

There would be nothing easier than writing a review longer than this little tome. It is addressed to the public by a mature obstetrician-gynecologist and emphasizes to its readers the need to stop, look, and listen before any procedure, diagnostic or therapeutic, is recommended to them. The review could be longer because it would properly embrace medical, sociological, cultural, economic, and medicolegal changes impinging on our profession, as well as our specialty, with an enormity that boggles the imagination. The thrust of the book is that, although a<i>small</i>group of doctors are culpable (and the author emphasizes that throughout), motivated by venality, incompetence, or both, far too many obstetrical and gynecological tests and procedures are unnecessary, potentially dangerous, or both. Drawing on specific increases from a long academic and nonacademic career, he cites cases with unhappily complex, even tragic, denouements following hastily planned or inappropriate surgery. He specifically emphasizes
Angiographic and intravascular ultrasound analysis of overlapped beta-radiation fields on vessel geometry after manual stepping brachytherapy
Authors: Thomas M. Schiele, Andreas König, Andrea Zimmermann, Johannes Rieber, Florian Krötz, Hae-Young Sohn, Monika Baylacher, Barbara Pöllinger, Ralf Kantlehner, Eckart Dühmke, Karl Theisen, Volker Klauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Biopsy of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Lawrence B. Meyerson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  In a recent comment in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section, Dr Adriani stated that a general anesthetic or nerve block should be used in excision of a lesion thought to be a malignant melanoma to avoid possible tumor spread by local anesthetic injection. He stated that there are no statistical data to support this. In fact, there is indirect evidence to refute this. Epstein et al (208:1369, 1969), Jones et al, 1 and Knutson et al, 2 reported that there was no evidence to indicate that incomplete removal by incisional biopsy, when followed by adequate surgery later, decreases the rate of survival in malignant melanoma. Certainly if cutting into the tumor failed to spread the tumor, it is highly unlikely to be spread by careful local anesthetic injection around the lesion.  By recommending general or nerve block anesthesia, Dr Adriani may stop many physicians from excising suspicious
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus
Authors: H.-U. Lautz, F. W. Schmidt, P. Cullen
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who was admitted to hospital with progressive dysphagia. Further examinations revealed a tumor in the esophagus in which the macroscopic aspect and the histological work-up showed a primary malignant melanoma. The histogenesis of primary malignant melanoma in the esophagus is discussed, and a short review of the literature presented.
CONTACT ECZEMA..
Authors: E. L. RHODES, J. WARNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article CONTACT ECZEMA.: A Follow‐Up Study. Get access E. L. RHODES, M.R.C.P., D.C.H., E. L. RHODES, M.R.C.P., D.C.H. Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, S.E.5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. WARNER, M.R.C.P. J. WARNER, M.R.C.P. Registrar, Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, S.E.5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 12, 1 December 1966, Pages 640–644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12166.x Published: 01 December 1966
OBSERVATIONS ON THE TOPICAL USE OF SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: EDGAR M. BICK
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The ability of the sulfonamide derivatives to prevent infections in wounds when applied locally has now become well established. The fact has been repeatedly demonstrated in experimental, operative and traumatic lesions and has been fully reported.<sup>1</sup>It is possible by means of such topical application to create not only a high concentration of the drug in the tissue fluids surrounding the lesion but to maintain a degree of hemoconcentration varying from 3 to 4 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters in twenty-four hours to a residual trace a week later following the use of 10 to 15 Gm. in large wounds. While a hemoconcentration at this level is hardly sufficient to combat an established septicemia of any real intensity, it is apparently high enough to prevent its development from a properly treated contaminated wound. The subject is now sufficiently advanced that generalizations on end results in terms of gross infection
First derivative of ventricular pressure recorded by means of conventional cardiac catheters
Authors: T. J. Knopp, S. H. Rahimtoola, H. J. C. Swan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article First derivative of ventricular pressure recorded by means of conventional cardiac catheters Get access Thomas J. Knopp, Thomas J. Knopp From the Section of Physiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola 2 From the Section of Physiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. 2Dr. Rahimtoola is the recipient of a grant from the Minnesota Heart Association. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. J. C. Swan H. J. C. Swan From the Section of Physiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 3, July 1970, Pages 398–404, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.3.398 Published: 01 July 1970 Article history Accepted: 19 December 1969 Published: 01 July 1970
Open data: seize the moment
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Background:</b> The diagnostic value of a CT-scan in patients with a unilateral pleural effusion is ambiguous. Previous studies have been performed in highly specialized units and included patients with pleural lesions and bilateral pleural effusions. No studies of the value of CT have been performed in a non-specialized unit in unselected, consecutive patients. <b>Objectives:</b> On this background, we decided to investigate the sensitivity of CT-scan for detecting malignancy in patients with a unilateral pleural effusion, investigated with a chest x-ray and an examination of the pleural fluid without cytological or radiological signs of malignant disease. <b>Methods:</b> The study was a retrospective, non-randomized study including consecutive patients referred from primary care in 2013 - 2016 because of a unilateral pleural effusion. <b>Results:</b> In total, 982 patients had a pleural fluid aspiration, and 237 patients completed the inclusion criteria. In 47 patients, the CT-scan suggested malignancy, which was confirmed in 17 patients (36%). The CT-scan was false negative in 22 patients (12%). The sensitivity of detecting malignancy by a CT-scan was 44% [28-60%], the specificity was 85% [79-90%], PPV was 36% [26-48%], NPV was 88% [85-91%] and AUC was 0.64 [0.56 – 0.73]. <b>Conclusion:</b> This is the first study investigating the additive role of chest CT to chest X-ray and pleural fluid cytology in the workup of unselected patients with unilateral pleural effusion. The additive role of CT is dubious. Thus, clinicians should be cautious in the interpretation of abnormal as well as normal CT results due to suboptimal sensitivity and negative predictive values.
Changes in myocardial high energy phosphate levels and left ventricular function after coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized dogs
Authors: P. S. Puri, S. Gudbjarnason
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Changes in myocardial high energy phosphate levels and left ventricular function after coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized dogs Get access Pritpal S. Puri, Pritpal S. Puri From the Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sigmundur Gudbjarnason Sigmundur Gudbjarnason 2 From the Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. 2Recipient of a U.S. Public Health Service Career Development Award, Number 5-KO3-HE-31271. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, October 1971, Pages 451–457, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.4.451 Published: 01 October 1971
A Remote GATA2 Hematopoietic Enhancer Drives Leukemogenesis in inv(3)(q21;q26) by Activating EVI1 Expression
Authors: Hiromi Yamazaki, Mikiko Suzuki, Akihito Otsuki, Ritsuko Shimizu, Emery H. Bresnick, James Douglas Engel, Masayuki Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
ABC of sexual health: Female sexual problems II: sexual pain and sexual fears
Authors: J. Butcher
Journal: BMJ (1999)

IL-22 is expressed by activated lymphocytes and is important in modulation of tissue responses during inflammation. The cytokine induces proliferative and antiapoptotic pathways in epithelial cells allowing enhanced cell survival. This can have positive effects, such as in the maintenance of epithelial barriers in the gastrointestinal tract, but also negative effects, such as contributing to colorectal tumorigenesis. Because IL-22 can be dual-natured, we hypothesized that its biological activity should be tightly regulated to limit IL-22 expression to the sites of inflammation. One such environmental cue could be low oxygen, which often accompanies inflammation. We show that in CD4 T cells IL-22 expression is upregulated in hypoxia. The <i>Il22</i> promoter contains a putative conserved hypoxic response element suggesting that the transcription factor HIF-1α may influence IL-22 expression. Differentiation in the presence of dimethyloxallyl glycine, a stabilizer of HIF-1α at normoxia, increased IL-22 expression. Using HIF-1α–deficient CD4 T cells, we show that hypoxic IL-22 upregulation is dependent on HIF-1α. These findings have implications on the regulation of <i>Il22</i> gene expression and the presence of the cytokine in different inflammatory environments.
Chronic Agranulocytosis treated with Liver
Authors: C. R. D. Gupta, L. J. Witts
Journal: BMJ (1937)

adrenals.They become swollen and deep red.On section extensive haemorrhages may be found.The cells are pale and swollen, and are in a process of hydropic degeneration.While it is now generally supposed that the absorption of toxins from the injured skin (histamine shock) is the prime factor in the fatal outcome, the marked pathological changes found in the adrenal cortices suggest that acute cortico-adrenal insufficiency (secondary to the above-mentioned pathological changes in the cortex) plays a prominent part in these deaths.It is quite within the bounds of reason to expect that the generous administra- tion of cortin in such cases would prevent an otherwise inevitable fatality.Summary In summary may I recall to you that we have briefly reviewed the probable functions of the adrenal cortex (it being the " vital " part of the adrenal gland), and have suggested the use of a potent cortical extract in certain clinical entities, including the so-called "thymic syndrome," cyclic vomiting, certain cases of infantile diarrhoea, the vomiting of pregnancy, severe infections, and severe burns.May I suggest in conclusion that it is only by applying clinically the findings of the experimental physiologist that real progress can be made in the solution of our medical problems.Such experimental clinical research can readily be made compatible with the best interests of the patient.
Jack Elius Miller
Authors: H. Diamond, A. Warrens
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Jack Miller was a general medical practitioner in Glasgow for more than 40 years, but his influence extended far beyond that city’s boundaries. Among the many highlights of his career was his stewardship of the finances of the British Medical Association. He retired in 1981 from the honorary post of national treasurer of the BMA after nine years in which he guided that institution’s finances with dedication and consummate skill.

In the course of his years in office, the association’s budget grew from just under £3 million to more than £10 million. In 1982 he was presented with the BMA’s gold medal by the Prince of Wales and, the year after that, he was appointed OBE. Before he became treasurer of the …
STUDIES OF BLOOD SUGAR CURVES IN MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: S. Katzenelbogen, E. Friedman-Buchman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1933)

1. The carbohydrate metabolism, as tested by the blood sugar tolerance curves, was studied in 116 psychotic patients. These include: Merergasia (psychoneurosis) 31 cases; thymergasia (manic-depressive psychosis) 50 cases, out of which six were in the manic state; parergasia (schizophrenia) 28 cases; anergasia (organic psychosis) 7 cases. 2. The blood sugar curves were evaluated, first, by the intensity of the alimentary hyperglycemia (following the ingestion of 50 gm. of glucose); second, by the extension of the glycemic reaction over a two-hour period (hyperglycemic index) ; and third, by both the height and extension of the curve combined (hyperglycemic area). 3. Abnormal curves were obtained in each psychotic group: In merergasia, 64 per cent; in hypothymergasia, 72.9 per cent; in parergasia, 60.7 per cent, when the curves were evaluated by the climax of the hyperglycemia. When estimated by the hyperglycemic area, the values were 62.5 per cent, 79.2 per cent, and 72.7 per cent, respectively; in anergasia, 100 per cent, judged by both methods of evaluation. 4. The abnormal curves show similar characteristics in the four psychotic reaction types under consideration. In each of them the following three types of curves were found to be representative: (i) High and broad curves; (2) curves in which the hyperglycemic peak is moderately high but the glycemia remains above the fasting level two hours after glucose was taken; (3) curves in which the markedly high hyperglycemic reaction goes together with the return of the glycemia to the fasting level at the end of the two-hour period after the administration of glucose. 5. It is believed that the apparently similar disturbance of the carbohydrate metabolism in the different psychotic reaction types may be related to a common denominator, that is, affective disorder. 6. Thus, the abnormal blood sugar curves in our patients are considered as physiological accompaniments of psycho-biological reactions.
Physical diagnosis of heart disease.
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book is a source of practical information presented in a highly readable manner. It should become a favorite among students and teachers and take a deserved place alongside Levine's<i>Clinical Heart Disease</i>. Fowler, as one of Levine's pupils, reflects his teacher's facile explanations of the genesis of cardiac phenomena in disease. Organized for a clinical approach to cardiac problems, the book arranges general types of cardiac illness according to the way they present themselves to the doctor, rather than according to etiology (which, as a rule, is a classification that can be made only<i>after</i>a diagnosis has been established). History and correlation with clinical course and operative or postmortem findings are introduced in a fashion that rounds out the interesting presentation. The author spotlights several sacred cows of physical diagnosis in the cold light of reason and his own practical experience. Many of them he lays to well-deserved
Pathophysiology of asthma
Authors: P. H. Howarth, A. E. Redington, S. Montefort
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Summary The increased knowledge of mucosal cellular events and their regulation within the airways in asthma has been made possible both by the feasibility of direct airway sampling in this disorder by endobronchial biopsy and lavage, and on account of the major advances that have been made in the understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in inflammation. The appreciation that cell damage and remodelling can arise as a consequence of this inflammation has provided a mechanism whereby the structural abnormalities in asthma may arise. Eosinophil products, such as MBP and ECP, have been shown to be cytotoxic and their release within the epithelium could contribute to damage to this cell population. In addition, collagenases from activated eosinophils, will damage the basement membrane and mast cell derived proteases may loosen intercellular adhesion, both factors which could contribute to epithelial fragility. This epithelial disruption is likely to contribute to bronchial hyperresponsiveness as several reports exist relating epithelial damage to the level of bronchial responsiveness in asthma (53–55) and the epithelium, in addition to generating cytokines, can synthesize bronchodilator substances such as PGE2 and NO, has the capacity to metabolize the bronchoconstrictor SP, through generation of neutral endopeptidases, and contains afferent sensory neurones whose stimulation may be increased in the presence of a disrupted epithelial layer. The deposition of collagen (types III and IV) associated with an increase in tissue myofibroblasts, may reflect an attempt at a repair process (56, 57). This will lead to an increase in airway bulk as will smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, both factors which through geometric considerations are likely to contribute to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Growth factors associated with mast cell, eosinophil and macrophage activation can all be theoretically linked with fibroblast proliferation and activation and smooth muscle mutagenesis. The reduction in mucosal inflammation with corticosteroid therapy in association with improvements in spirometry and bronchial responsiveness (58) provides further support for the inflammatory pathogenesis of the asthma disease.
Prognostic irrelevance of ring sideroblast percentage in World Health Organization–defined myelodysplastic syndromes without excess blasts
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, Curtis A. Hanson, Nanna H. Sulai, Janice M. Hodnefield, Ryan A. Knudson, Rhett P. Ketterling, Terra L. Lasho, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Bilateral Intraosseous Ganglia of the Lunates
Authors: GEOFFREY HASTINGS, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Intense focal uptake of Tc-99m HDP was observed in bilateral intraosseous ganglia of the lunates. The left wrist had been intermittently symptomatic since a resisted dorsiflexion injury 9 years previously; the right lunate lesion was discovered incidentally. Plain radiographs and CT scanning depicted these benign cystic lesions and correlated well with the bone scan findings.
Practical Issues in Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Margaret A. Drickamer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Support for the participation of physicians in the suicides of terminally ill patients is increasing, and the concrete effects on physician practice of a policy change with regard to physician-assisted suicide must be carefully considered. If physician-assisted suicide is legalized, physicians will need to gain expertise in understanding patients' motivations for requesting physician-assisted suicide, assessing mental status, diagnosing and treating depression, maximizing palliative interventions, and evaluating the external pressures on the patient. They will be asked to prognosticate not only about life expectancy but also about the onset of functional and cognitive decline. They will need access to reliable information about effective medications and dosages. The physician's position on physician-assisted suicide must be open to discussion between practitioner and patient. Protection of the patient's right to confidentiality must be balanced against the need of health care professionals and institutions to know about the patient's choice. Insurance coverage and managed care options may be affected. All of these issues need to be further explored through research, education, decision making by individual practitioners, and ongoing societal debate.