tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4596: Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits growth of MIAPaca2 human pancreatic cancer xenograft in vivo in association with apoptosis induction
Authors: Silvia D. Stan, Shivendra V. Singh, David C. Whitcomb, Randall E. Brand
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Low survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer points towards an increased need for novel chemoprevention, early detection, and therapeutic strategies for this disease. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of human pancreatic cancer cells (MIAPaca2, PL-45, and BxPC3) to PEITC resulted in growth inhibition, which was accompanied by apoptotic cell death regardless of the K-ras status. Apoptotic cell death by PEITC treatment was characterized by an increase in cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and enrichment of sub-diploid fraction. PEITC-induced apoptosis correlated with induction of pro-apoptotic protein Bak, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Oral administration of 12 µmol PEITC/mouse (five times per week) significantly retarded the growth of MIAPaca2 xenografts in male nude mice without causing weight loss or any other signs of toxicity. PEITC administration significantly reduced proliferation as determined by PCNA and Ki-67 stainings and increased apoptosis in tumors as shown by TUNEL assay. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, that PEITC administration retards the growth of human pancreatic cancer xenografts by inducing apoptotic cell death. The present study provides pre-clinical evidence for development of PEITC as a chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer. This investigation was supported in part by the Wayne Fusaro Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund (DCW), the Shirley Hobbs Martin Memorial Fund (REB), and the NCI grants CA101753 and CA113363 (SVS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4596
Personal health budgets will be rolled out to over 50 000 people
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Three dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE) has allowed better understanding of atrial septal anatomy and patent foramen ovale (PFO) morphology. Anatomical variations seen in patients undergoing transcatheter device closure may influence device choice and procedural success. Currently there is no standardised approach to 3D TOE imaging of a PFO. The aim of this study was to utilise a 3D imaging protocol to describe/quantify PFO morphological features of clinically important PFO9s and relate our findings to shunt size. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined 3D TOE images of the atrial septum in consecutive patients with otherwise structurally normal hearts undergoing TOE assessment prior to PFO closure. Datasets were obtained using Philips iE33 and then analysed offline (QLab 3DQ, Philips Healthcare). Linear measurements recorded included: tunnel dimensions, fossa ovalis dimensions, and septal sway. Other characteristics assessed included left atrial opening morphology, right atrial anatomy and presence of an atrial septal aneurysm (&gt;10 mm septal excursion from the midline). Morphological features were categorised as either simple or complex. Complex defects were those with one or more of the following: long tunnel length (&gt;8 mm), multiple openings into the left atrium, atrial septal aneurysm, hybrid defect (additional small defect(s) in fossa ovalis), thick secundum septum (&gt;8 mm), Eustachian ridge (ER), Eustachian valve or Chiari network. The size of right-to-left shunt either at rest or with Valslava manoeuvre was assessed by transthoracic contrast echocardiography and graded according to the number of bubbles seen in a single still frame in the left atrium as: small-to-moderate (&lt;25 bubbles), large (25–50 bubbles) and very large (&gt;50 bubbles). <h3>Results</h3> 3D datasets were available for analysis in 73 patients. Mean age of the population was 47±12.7 years. and 62% were male. The most frequent indication for PFO closure was stroke (48%). Linear dimensions recorded from 3D datasets are presented (table). Left atrial opening was categorised as high, opening onto the left atrial roof, in 18% of patients and presence of multiple left atrial openings was observed in 8%. Atrial septal aneurysm was present in 12%. A prominent Eustachean ridge was seen in 78% patients and was positioned high on fossa ovalis in 32% cases. The majority of patients (88%) had one or more complex morphological features. There was no clear association observed between shunt size and size of PFO. <h3>Conclusions</h3> 3D transoesophageal echocardiography allows a practical, qualitative, and quantitative assessment of PFO morphology. In our cohort of patients a variety of complex anatomical features are demonstrated. Shunt size did not correlate with PFO dimensions.
Greater Nurse Staffing May Lower Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Havinghighernurse staffing levels is associatedwith a better chance of avoiding federal monetary penalties for excessive readmission rates, say researcherswhose study appeared in theOctober issue of Health Affairs. InOctober2012,underprovisions in the Affordable Care Act, the US Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services (CMS) began implementingtheHospitalReadmissionsReduction Program. Under this plan, the CMS lowers base diagnosis-related group payments by up to 1% for hospitalswith excess 30-day readmissions forMedicare patients who initially presented with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or pneumonia. The program hopes to use these financial penalties to ultimately reduce the estimated$15billionMedicarespendseachyear onpreventable readmissions. For fiscal year 2013, penalties were estimated to have reducedCMSpayments tohospitals by0.3%, saving about $280million.
Metabolic consequences and predictability of ventricular fibrillation in hypoxia. A 31P- and 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance study of the isolated rat heart.
Authors: S Neubauer, J B Newell, J S Ingwall
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Ventricular fibrillation has deleterious metabolic and functional consequences for the heart. This study had two purposes: first, to define the effects of ventricular fibrillation during hypoxia on energy metabolism and accumulation of intracellular Na+ and, second, to test whether the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation can be predicted from functional or metabolic parameters.Isolated isovolumic rat hearts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37 degrees C. After a prehypoxic period, hearts were subjected to hypoxic perfusion (95% N2-5% CO2) for 30 minutes. High-energy phosphates and intracellular pH were determined by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and intracellular Na+ accumulation was followed by 23Na-NMR spectroscopy in combination with the shift reagent dysprosium triethylenetetraminehexa-acetate. Five of 10 (31P-NMR) and four of 10 (23Na-NMR) hearts developed spontaneous ventricular fibrillation at 19 +/- 2 minutes (31P-NMR) and 18 +/- 3 minutes (23Na-NMR) of hypoxia (ventricular fibrillation group), whereas other hearts (non-ventricular fibrillation group) remained beating throughout hypoxia. Cardiac function and high-energy phosphate content declined during hypoxia, and ventricular fibrillation exacerbated this decline significantly. Similarly, ventricular fibrillation exacerbated the accumulation of intracellular Na+ occurring during hypoxia. Statistical analysis showed that the event of ventricular fibrillation could be predicted from changes of end-diastolic pressure, rate-pressure product, and creatine phosphate content before ventricular fibrillation. However, the strongest predictor of ventricular fibrillation was intracellular Na+ accumulation, which occurred in ventricular fibrillation hearts throughout the hypoxic period long before ventricular fibrillation was initiated.Loss of systolic and diastolic functions, creatine phosphate depletion, and, in particular, intracellular Na+ accumulation may be causally related to induction of ventricular fibrillation during hypoxia, all of which are most likely linked to concomitant intracellular Ca2+ accumulation.
Blood-Brain Barrier: Interface Between Internal Medicine and the Brain
Authors: WILLIAM M. PARDRIDGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The blood-brain barrier separates brain interstitial space from blood and is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells that are fused together by epithelial-like tight junctions. Study of the blood-brain barrier traditionally has been a relatively arcane field, even for neurobiologists. However, advances over the last 10 years in understanding the transport physiology and cell biology of the brain capillary endothelial cell now provide insights into the pathogenesis of such problems as brain glucopenia, hepatic encephalopathy, therapeutic efficacy of alpha-methyldopa, brain edema in diabetic ketoacidosis, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, and lupus cerebritis.
Detection of cannabis products in urine by radioimmunoassay.
Authors: V Marks, D Teale, D Fry
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A radioimmunoassay specific for the closed, three-ringed cannabinoid nucleus was used to detect and measure caname from hospital inpatients not suspected of taking drugs. None of these contained tetrahydro-cannabinol cross-reacting cannabinoids (THC-CRC). The other 393 specimens were from patients known or suspected to be taking various drugs. Of these 51 out of 162 from one hospital treatment clinic and 19 out of 50 from another were positive for THC-CRC. Out of 107 urine specimens from an independent drug treatment clinic 71 were positive for THC-CRC, as were 13 out of 74 specimens from patients in whom drug misuse was suspected or thought possible.
A new series on airway remodelling
Authors: L-P. Boulet, P. J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

In today's respiratory research, airway remodelling is probably one the best examples of an area for which the level of excitement easily matches the level of confusion on its definition and implication. This seeming contradiction may, however, not be worrying at all in science. In fact, it is likely to be a powerful driving force of creative research, thereby generating and testing a variety of hypotheses.

Traditionally, tissue structure was considered to be relatively stable after an episode of embryonic development. However, it is becoming more and more evident that growth, turn-over and repair of tissue represent a continuous, lifelong process involving all resident cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM), both in health and disease. This is also very likely the case for intrapulmonary airways 1, 2. At present, it is customary to reserve the term “airway …
Added external resistance reduces oropharyngeal deposition and increases lung deposition of aerosol particles in asthmatics.
Authors: K Svartengren, P Lindestad, M Svartengren, K Philipson, G Bylin, P Camner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Mouth and throat, and regional lung deposition was estimated in fifteen asthmatic subjects for 3.6-microns (aerodynamic diameter) radiolabeled polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) particles inhaled at 0.5 L/s with and without added external resistance. Radioactivity was measured by a profile scanner. Behavior of the pharynx and larynx was assessed by fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Mean mouth and throat deposition was 22% (range, 13 to 47%) and 33% (range, 12 to 84%) with and without resistance (p < 0.05), respectively. A marked reduction in mouth and throat deposition (range, 20 to 44%), with a corresponding increase in lung deposition, was observed especially in the six subjects with mouth and throat deposition values > 30% at inhalation without resistance. Furthermore, a small (mean 8%) but significant (p < 0.05) increase in peripheral lung deposition, estimated as retention at 24 h, was found at inhalation with increased resistance. The fiberoptic examination showed wide intersubject variability in the pharynx and larynx, with tendencies toward higher mouth and throat deposition with pharyngeal narrowing, and significantly (p < 0.05) lower lung retention with laryngeal narrowing. Our results show that an external resistance reduces mouth and throat deposition and increases deposition and retention of aerosol particles in the lungs in asthmatic individuals.
Resuscitation After Aspiration of Chlorinated Fresh Water
Authors: Jerome H. Modell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PROBLEM OF DROWNING is formidable, accounting for 7,000 deaths per year in the US,<sup>1</sup>500 deaths per year in Australia,<sup>2</sup>and 1,474 deaths per year in England and Wales.<sup>3</sup>Numerous reports have been published of the physiological changes that occur after aspiration of fresh and sea water by animals,<sup>4-20</sup>but reports on the effects of aspiration of water by man have been confined for the most part to findings at autopsy<sup>21-23</sup>except for isolated clinical cases.<sup>24-27</sup>With the increasing popularity of swimming pools containing chemically treated water, another type of drowning, which may differ in character from both fresh-and sea-water drowning, is now presenting itself, ie, drowning after the aspiration of chlorinated fresh water. In contrast to the common history of panic and struggling<sup>28</sup>which precede the hypoxia, hypercapnia, unconsciousness, and aspiration which are usually associated with drowning, histories of
Metabolic Effects of Anesthesia
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is a concise review of the available data on the metabolic effects of anesthesia. The discussion provides sections on the effect of anesthetics upon oxygen consumption, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, electrolytes, fluid volumes, and hepatic and renal function. The greater part is concerned with pulmonary ventilation and development of respiratory acidosis, touching on the role of anesthetic equipment, depressant effects of drugs, and, lastly, the effect of respiratory acidosis upon bodily systems. It is surprising that this subject can be encompassed within 48 pages and with reference to only 367 articles culled almost without exception from the English literature. Despite the apparent paucity of knowledge, this sort of information is of the greatest importance in the care of the seriously ill surgical patient. Interest in this area has arisen largely within the last 10 years or so and this monograph will serve as a useful introduction to many investigations
Impairment of cardiopulmonary baroreflex after cardiac transplantation in humans.
Authors: P K Mohanty, M D Thames, J A Arrowood, J R Sowers, C McNamara, S Szentpetery
Journal: Circulation (1987)

There is ample evidence for efferent cardiac denervation in patients after cardiac transplantation. However, little is known regarding the effects of the cardiac deafferentation that also results. We examined responses to graded lower-body negative pressure and thus cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading in 23 patients 3 to 12 months after cardiac transplantation and compared their responses with those of nine normal subjects. Responses of mean arterial pressure, forearm vascular resistance, and plasma norepinephrine were assessed during lower-body negative pressure and the cold pressor test. Reflex increases in forearm vascular resistance (1.5 +/- 1, 5.0 +/- 1.4, and 6.4 +/- 2.1 vs 14.5 +/- 4.5, 20.3 +/- 6.5, and 34 +/- 11 units) and plasma norepinephrine (42 +/- 12, 58 +/- 15, and 62 +/- 13 vs 49 +/- 14, 94 +/- 25, and 173 +/- 36 pg/ml) during lower-body negative pressure (at -10, -20, and -40 mm Hg) were strikingly smaller in cardiac transplant patients than in normal subjects. The impaired responses of the cardiac transplant patients were not the result of a nonspecific depression of cardiovascular reflexes, since increases in mean arterial pressure (12 +/- 3 vs 10 +/- 2 mm Hg), forearm vascular resistance (19.5 +/- 3.4 vs 18 +/- 5.8 units), and plasma norepinephrine (56 +/- 8 vs 42 +/- 11 pg/ml) during cold pressor test were not significantly different in the two groups. Furthermore, the impaired responses were not caused by the immunosuppressive agents used to treat the cardiac transplant patients, since patients with renal transplants on similar regimens had augmented forearm vasoconstrictor responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prediction Of Asthma Symptom Burden In Subjects Dispensed Low/Moderate Dose Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC) or Moderate/High Dose Fluticasone Propionate (FP) in Subjects Without History of ICS Use
Authors: R.H. Stanford, A. Riedel, J. Burke, B. Borah, M. Kulakodlu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
American domestic violence: will a helpline reduce it?
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Thirty years ago the African-American activist H Rap Brown said: “Violence is necessary; it is as American as cherry pie.” Not apple pie, which, together with motherhood and the flag epitomises American values, but cherry, the colour of blood. In his state of the union address at the beginning of the year President Clinton, no stranger to domestic violence in his own adolescence, said: “I call on American men and women in families to give greater respect to one another. We must end the deadly scourge of domestic violence in our country.” A few weeks later Mr Clinton announced a nationwide 24 hour toll free domestic violence hotline.

Donna Shalala, United States secretary of health and human services, said: “With this national hotline, every woman will have access to the help she needs, wherever and whenever she needs it.”

For months, images of Nicole Brown Simpson's bruised and battered face appeared on television, during the trial of black football star O J Simpson, indicted for the murder of Nicole and her friend Ron Goldman. Simpson's freedom over a period of years to abuse his wife with no meaningful intervention …
A Case of Cerebello-Thalamo-Cortical Diaschisis
Authors: Eric Guedj, Maryline Barrie, Stéphane Fuentes, Olivier Chinot, Olivier Mundler
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Diaschisis is classically defined as an inhibition of function produced by a focal disturbance in an anatomically intact portion of the brain, remote from the original seat of injury, but anatomically connected with it through fiber tracts. As described during thalamo-cortical diaschisis, this functional impairment could lead to neurobehavioral and neuropsychological deficits. In contrast, cases of cortico-cerebellar diaschisis, which are the most reported, do not lead to significant motor features. We present a rare case of cerebello-thalamo-cortical diaschisis demonstrated with F-18 FDG PET, involving precentral cortex without clinical pyramidal syndrome.
TRAUMATIC CORNEAL ULCER; REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: J. W. SHERER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Nov. 9, 1897, N. O., male, age 55, Swede laborer, applied at the clinic of Professor W. C. Tyree of the Kansas City Medical College, for dispensary treatment for an injury of the left eye. <h3>Previous history.</h3> —No ocular disease had been experienced. Hard chancre was reported to have been contracted twenty years ago but none of the usual syphilitic sequelæ followed. General health has always been robust and an open air life led. Of late years there has been some inconvenience from advancing presbyopia, but the aid of glasses has not been sought. <h3>Present condition.</h3> —November 6, while crushing stone with a hammer a fragment, presumably of stone, struck the left eyeball and caused intense pain. Rubbing and wiping the eye, an effort was made to continue the work. Next day the eye was still painful, became red and some discharge was observed. The symptoms increased in severity, causing
[240] APPLICABILITY OF NON-INVASIVE METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER INJURY, LIVER STIFFNESS MEASURES (LSM) OR BIOMARKERS, AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-APPLICABILITY
Authors: M. Munteanu, P. Lebray, J.M. Fokam, M. de Torres, V. Ratziu, Y. Benhamou, J. Moussalli, D. Thabut, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
TM-15 * GLUTAMINE BASED PET IMAGING FACILITATES ENHANCED METABOLIC DETECTION OF GLIOMAS IN VIVO
Authors: S. Venneti, M. Dunphy, H. Zhang, K. Pitter, C. Campos, S. Carlin, S. Lyashchenko, C. Ploessl, D. Rohle, A. Omuro, J. Cross, C. Brennan, W. Weber, E. Holland, I. Mellinghoff, H. Kung, J. Lewis, C. Thompson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glutamine is the most abundant plasma amino acid and many cancers show altered glutamine metabolism. We evaluated glutamine uptake and metabolism in gliomas using PET imaging and biochemical approaches. We demonstrate that glutamine is a key TCA cycle anaplerotic substrate and is metabolized to generate 2-HG in IDH1-mutant gliomas. PET imaging with18F-labeled glutamine (18F-FGln) showed high uptake in gliomas in vivo but low background uptake in the surrounding brain in RCAS-PDGF/PTEN null and IDH1-mutant glioma animal models, facilitating clear tumor delineation in contrast to that seen with 18F-FDG. We did not observe 18F-FGln uptake in animals with neuroinflammation or animals with a disrupted BBB. Further, 18F-FGln uptake was specifically reduced on chemo/radiation therapy. Finally, 18F-FGln showed high avidity in human glioma with low uptake in the surrounding brain. These data suggest that 18F-FGln is specifically taken up by gliomas, can be used to assess the metabolic state of gliomas in vivo and may serve as a valuable tool in the clinical management of gliomas.
Intracranial Hemorrhage In Hemophilia
Authors: Paul G. Hattersley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent LETTER TO THE EDITOR (<b>216</b>:518, 1971), Quick made a statement to which I must take strong exception. He said: "... intracranial hemorrhage in hemophilia is rare." I am of course aware of Dr. Quick's many contributions in the field of the coagulopathies. And, of course he is literally right in his statement. Intracranial bleeding in the hemophiliac<i>is</i>rare, compared with hemarthrosis, intramuscular hematoma, or renal bleeding. On the other hand, when it occurs, it is not infrequently the cause of death. I feel that a known hemophiliac who has received trauma to the head should be observed closely for evidences of bleeding, and should be treated vigorously on the first appearance of such signs. I have on several occasions treated such patients preventively with infusions of factor VIII.
Association between high von Willebrand factor levels and the Thr789Ala vWF gene polymorphism but not with nephropathy in type I diabetes
Authors: Corinne Lacquemant, Christine Gaucher, Catherine Delorme, Gilles Chatellier, Yves Gallois, Michel Rodier, Philippe Passa, Beverley Balkau, Claudine Mazurier, Michel Marre, Philippe Froguel, None GENEDIAB Study Group, None DESIR Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2000)