tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploratory study of clonality determined by expression of tumor markers in intrinsic subtypes of breast cancers.
Authors: M Kashiwaba, T Inaba, Y Takeda, I Takiyama, H Komatsu, N Uesugi, G Wakabayashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5060 [Background] However expression profile-based intrinsic subtypes revealed heterogeneity of breast cancer, several biological issues are not clarified yet, especially in tumor development. [Objectives] In order to clarify the relationship between intrinsic subtypes and positivity of tumor markers (TMs), CEA, CA15-3, BCA225 and NCC-ST439 were measured from sera taken from patients at the relapse retrospectively. In addition to the analysis of positivity of TMs, migration of TMs were analyzed in each intrinsic subtype, especially focused on changes of CA15-3 (equivalent to soluble MUC1) to identify the heterogeneity and development to other subtypes in the meaning of TMs expression. [Methods] Sera were collected from seventy five patients of newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer. Intrinsic subtypes were simply determined by immunohistochemical staining as Luminal A (LA) ,B (LB), HER2 and TN. The positivity of TM was defined if it elevated 20% higher than normal upper limit. [Results] The positive rate of any TMs were higher in order of LA, LB, HER2 and TN. There was significant difference between Luminal (LA+LB) and TN in positive rate of TMs(p&amp;lt;0.05). If focused on mammary epithelium development marker MUC1 (CA15-3 as a soluble form), it was significantly elevated in Luminal (LA+LB) than HER2 and TN(p&amp;lt;0.05). Interestingly, 18 of 23 (72.3%) TN tumors showed all TMs negative at the relapse, although 4 of 18 (22.2%) TN tumors developed to TMs positive after palliative chemotherapies. [Conclusion] Luminal type showed higher expression of TMs at the relapse. It might be explained by the fact that common TMs were selected as responsive serum proteins to the tumor volume of dominant population of breast cancer by chance. But if we integrate the idea that CA15-3 as a development marker, luminal cancer was developed from ER+ highly developed progenitor and HER2 and TN might be developed from ER- progenitor lineage. The migration of TMs of TN after palliative chemotherapies might be illustrated with clonal selection by chemosensitivity. These phenomenon will be understood by further biological experiments and prospective clinical trials to improve the outcome of metastatic breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5060.
General and cancer specific mortality of a population based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the Florence study
Authors: D Palli, G Trallori, C Saieva, O Tarantino, E Edili, G D’Albasio, F Pacini, G Masala
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —A population based epidemiological study identified all the patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) resident in the Florence area in the period 1978–1992. Aims —To assess the mortality of unselected patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Mediterranean country. Methods —Overall, 920 patients (689 UC and 231 CD) were followed until death or end of follow up (31 December 1996). Information on vital status was available for all except eight patients (0.9%); 70 deaths were identified (23 in patients with CD and 47 in patients with UC). Expected deaths were estimated on the basis of five year age group, gender, and calendar year national mortality rates. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results —General mortality was significantly lower than expected in UC (SMR 0.6; 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 0.8), due to a reduced number of cardiovascular and, possibly, smoking related deaths. Cancers of the respiratory tract were significantly reduced in UC but tended to be increased in patients with CD. These latter patients had not only an increased cancer mortality but also a 40% increased risk of dying for all causes already evident in the first five year follow up period and persisting thereafter. In contrast, in patients with UC, SMRs were initially very low but tended to increase steadily over the follow up period. Gastrointestinal deaths were particularly increased in patients with CD, but only moderately in those with UC. Overall, there was some evidence of a twofold increased mortality for colorectal cancer, the risk being highest for rectal cancers in patients with UC. A non-significant excess of deaths due to haemolymphopoietic malignancies and suicides was also observed. Conclusions —This study, the first in a Mediterranean country, supports the existence of two divergent mortality patterns for patients with UC and CD, possibly explained by differences in smoking habits and by a greater severity of CD.
IS CONSUMPTION AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE?
Authors: Geo. Manly
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Early impressions and our personal surroundings have something to do with the formation of our opinions. When a youth, my father, a clergyman, in one of his parochial visits took me into a small house where two sisters lay dying of consumption. When we left, my father said to me that probably the younger sister had taken the disease by sleeping with the older one. My own mother developed the same dreadful disease, from which time her life was one of self-abnegation. She did not allow her children to take her breath; to cough, she invariably took herself to her room. So particular was she in the destruction of her sputa, that I never but once saw it, and that was when called to her bedside when she was supposed to be dying. I saw a splash of blood and pus that had fallen to the floor. She never kissed
Rapid Response Team Responses
Authors: Stephen D. Surgenor, Christopher K. Cook, Scott Slogic, Lisabeth L. Maloney, George T. Blike
Journal: JAMA (2007)

To the Editor: In response to the Commentary by Drs Winters, Pham, and Pronovost1 regarding rapid response teams (RRTs), we would like to describe why our institution became interested in implementing this intervention despite what the authors describe as equivocal published evidence.
Cephalosporin-Associated Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: John F. Tures
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis appeared in a patient receiving antibiotic therapy with cephalosporin derivatives only. There was a prompt remission following treatment with cholestyramine resin. (<i>JAMA</i>236:948-949, 1976)
The Literature of the Life Sciences: Reading, Writing, Research
Authors: Ann C. Weller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

From an unknown prophet who lamented, "Of the making of books there is no end," to the present-day immunologist who must sort through 35 primary journals and 27 review series, the increase in the volume of literature has burdened researchers for centuries. The art of selection has assumed a new importance: today more time is spent in selecting literature than reading it. Kronick has surveyed the literature of the life sciences, tracing the steps needed to become familiar with it. Before selection can begin, the researcher should understand the organization of the literature. The primary information sources include conferences, journals, and monographs. Conferences produce "soft" data not yet subjected to critical review. Journals remain the principal means of disseminating research results. Monographs, similar to journals, usually collect, organize, and summarize literature from a distinct subject area. These publications are important in the initial transmission of information. The secondary information sources,
Migratory pulmonary infiltrates in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Mehandru
Journal: Thorax (2002)

The case history is described of an elderly man with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with sulfasalazine and the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib who presented with severe shortness of breath, cough, and decreased exercise tolerance. The chest radiograph showed unilateral alveolo-interstitial infiltrates and a biopsy specimen of the lung parenchyma showed changes consistent with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Antibiotic treatment was unsuccessful, but treatment with steroids and discontinuation of sulfasalazine and celecoxib resulted in a marked clinical improvement confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis. The condition may have developed as an adverse reaction either to sulfasalazine or to celecoxib, although hypersensitivity to the latter has not previously been reported.
Oxidant-induced hepatocyte injury from menadione is regulated by ERK and AP-1 signaling
Authors: M Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Oxidative stress has been implicated as a mechanism for a variety of forms of liver injury. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) may damage cellular macromolecules directly, oxidant-induced cell death may result from redox effects on signal transduction pathways. To understand the mechanisms of hepatocyte death from oxidative stress, the functions of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were determined during oxidant-induced hepatocyte injury from menadione. Low, nontoxic, and high toxic concentrations of the superoxide generator menadione were established in the RALA255-10G rat hepatocyte cell line. Death from menadione was blocked by catalase and ebselen, indicating that death was secondary to oxidant generation and not arylation. Treatment with a nontoxic menadione concentration resulted in a brief activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In contrast, treatment with a toxic menadione concentration induced a prolonged activation of both ERK and JNK. Chemical inhibition of ERK function sensitized RALA hepatocytes to death from previously nontoxic menadione concentrations in association with sustained JNK activation. Adenoviral expression of a dominant-negative protein for c-Jun, a downstream substrate for JNK, blocked death from menadione. The pro-apoptotic effect of c-Jun was not mediated through the mitochondrial death pathway. In conclusion, RALA hepatocyte resistance to oxidant-induced death from menadione is dependent on ERK, whereas cell death is mediated by AP-1 activation. These findings identify signaling pathways that may be therapeutic targets in the prevention or treatment of oxidant-induced liver injury.
Microalbuminuria Associated With Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: David SH Bell, Catherine H Ketchum, C Andrew Robinson, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Burson T Williams
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To test the hypothesis that microalbuminuria may show an independent statistical association with diabetic neuropathy.An observational study of a prospectively identified cohort was conducted at the University Medical Center. The cohort consisted of 78 consecutive diabetic patients who fulfilled the criteria of having diabetes for greater than 10 yr, a normal serum creatinine, urine negative for macroalbuminuria by a commonly used dipstick method, a blood glucose less than 13.8 mM (less than 250 mg/dl), and an HbA1 less than 11% (normal range 5.5-8.5%). Medical record review established the presence of chronic complications of diabetes. Urine albumin level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Albumin concn greater than or equal to 15 mg/L was used as a cutoff value for microalbuminuria.Twenty-five of 78 patients (32%) showed microalbuminuria. Of these, 51% had neuropathy, 39% had retinopathy, 35% arterial hypertension, 17% peripheral vascular disease, and 15% ischemic heart disease. After adjusting for age, sex, and type and duration of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy and hypertension showed a significant association with microalbuminuria. After adjusting for other diabetic complications, diabetic neuropathy showed a significant association with microalbuminuria.Microalbuminuria is independently associated with diabetic neuropathy. This association lends support to the theory of a vascular etiology for diabetic distal symmetrical neuropathy.
THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: DE LANCEY ROCHESTER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In order to formulate a rational plan of treatment for a given disease it is necessary to recognize the nature of the disease, its course and mode of termination when recovery takes place, and its course and mode of termination when death occurs; it is also necessary to be able to recognize by symptoms and physical signs the changes that are occurring in the organs and tissues of the body during the course of the disease and to know the prognostic value of such changes when recognized. Pneumonia is an acute infectious disease manifesting itself as a general toxemia, with a local disturbance in the lung passing through the clinically recognizable states of congestion, hepatization and resolution or disintegration. A brief review of the clinical course of a favorable case shows us the initial chill; the high temperature; the increased frequency of respiration; the pulse of moderate frequency, full volume,
Lithium Discontinuation and Subsequent Effectiveness
Authors: William Coryell, David Solomon, Andrew C. Leon, Hagop S. Akiskal, Martin B. Keller, William A. Scheftner, Tim Mueller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Several reports have raised concern that the discontinuation of lithium may result in treatment resistance following recurrence of affective disorder. This report explores this possibility.The data derive from a large, naturalistic follow-up of patients with major depressive disorder or mania. Twenty-eight of the patients in the study were free of lithium and experiencing an episode of mania or schizoaffective mania diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria when they entered the study, recovered while taking lithium, later experienced a recurrence while not taking lithium, and then resumed lithium treatment. Survival analyses of time to recovery and, subsequently, time to recurrence, used continued lithium treatment as an additional censoring variable.Patients given lithium recovered no more quickly from their index episode than they did from their first prospectively observed episode. Moreover, lithium prophylaxis appeared no less effective after the first prospectively observed episode than after the index episode.These findings provide no evidence that lithium discontinuation results in treatment resistance when lithium is resumed.
John Robert Ball
Authors: Kenneth Kyle
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Single-cell expression profiling has opened up new vistas on cellular processes. Among other important results, one stand-out observation has been the confirmation of extensive cell-to-cell variability at the transcriptomic and proteomic level. Because most experimental analyses are destructive we only have access to snapshot data of cellular states. This loss of temporal information presents significant challenges in inferring dynamics, as well as causes of cell-to-cell variability. In particular, we are typically unable to separate dynamic variability from within individual systems (“intrinsic noise”) from variability across the population (“extrinsic noise”). Here we mathematically formalise this non-identifiability; but we also use this to identify how new experimental set-ups coupled to statistical noise decomposition can resolve this non-identifiability. For single-cell transcriptomic data we find that systems subject to population variation invariably inflate the apparent degree of burstiness of the underlying process. Such identifiability problems can, in principle, be remedied by dual-reporter assays, which separates total gene expression noise into intrinsic and extrinsic contributions; unfortunately, however, this requires pairs of strictly independent and identical gene reporters to be integrated into the same cell, which is difficult to implement experimentally in most systems. Here we demonstrate mathematically that, in some cases decomposition of transcriptional noise is possible with non-identical and not-necessarily independent reporters. We use our result to show that generic reporters lying in the same biochemical pathways (e.g. mRNA and protein) can replace dual reporters, enabling the noise decomposition to be obtained from only a single gene. Stochastic simulations are used to support our theory, and show that our “pathway-reporter” method compares favourably to the dual-reporter method.
Measles, Mandates, and Making Vaccination the Default Option
Authors: Douglas J. Opel, Saad B. Omer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
House dust mite allergen in bedroom floor dust and respiratory health of children with asthmatic symptoms
Authors: JP Zock, B Brunekreef, AA Hazebroek-Kampschreur, CW Roosjen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of house dust mite allergen in bedroom floor dust on respiratory health of children with asthmatic symptoms. Two hundred and twenty eight school children with reported attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing in the past year and/or with doctor-diagnosed asthma, were included in the study. Data on home characteristics, both past and present, were obtained. These included data on allergen avoidance measures because of the child's respiratory health. Dust samples were taken from the child's bedroom floor, and the allergen Der p I of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssionus was measured. Health diaries were kept over 4 weeks. Acute respiratory symptoms and medication usage were recorded daily. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured using Mini-Wright peak flow meters three times daily. Levels of Der p I in dust from carpeted floors were significantly higher than in dust from smooth floors. We found a positive relationship of Der p I levels, in floor dust collected from carpeted floors, with PEF-variability and also with the prevalence of wheeze, shortness of breath, and attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing during the observation period. The effects on peak flow variability was larger in children allergic to house dust than in children not allergic to house dust. Peak flow variability was significantly increased at exposure levels well below 10,000 ng Der p I.g-1 dust, which has been suggested to be a "threshold" for increased risk symptoms among sensitized asthmatics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stimulation of Human-Growth-Hormone Secretion by L-Dopa
Authors: A. E. Boyd, Harold E. Lebovitz, John B. Pfeiffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The effect of L-dopa, a precursor of Central-nervous-system catecholamines, on growth-hormone secretion was studied in a group of patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing treatment with the drug. Oral doses (0.5 g) caused a significant rise in plasma growth hormone in patients initially starting therapy or on chronic therapy for as long as 11 months. The rise in plasma growth hormone persisted for 120 minutes after the administration of the drug. The L-dopa-induced rise in plasma growth hormone could not be blocked by either oral or intravenous glucose administration. The data suggest that a dopaminergic mechanism in the median eminence or a norepinephrine-sensitive site in the hypothalamus or limbic system may be involved in the regulation of growth-hormone secretion. Furthermore, patients with Parkinson's disease, on L-dopa therapy, appear to be under the influence of elevated plasma growth hormone for a substantial part of the day.
Letter From Copenhagen
Authors: Myron C. Greengold
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The<i>SS Progress</i>continues to study and treat a wealth of clinical material, of a character rarely encountered in the United States. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 17-year-old itinerant princess presented with painful bruises of the interscapular and lumbar areas of the back, the buttocks, and the tissue over both greater trochanters. She had been well until the night prior to admission when, at her fiance's palace, she inadvertently slept on a pea left under her 20 mattresses and 20 featherbeds, with the injuries noted resulting. She denied ever having experienced a similar night. She had had occasional epistaxis in childhood, catamenia was uneventful, and no other difficulties with excessive bleeding were admitted. The whole royal family was known to have delicate skin, and the mother-in-law-elect claimed likewise. Physical examination revealed a well-developed, slender female of stated age with multiple tender discreet ecchymoses and confluent purpuric spots, up to
Poor eHealth Literacy and Consumer-Directed Health Plans: A Recipe for Market Failure
Authors: Vail M. Miller
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

I would like to applaud the efforts of Volandes and Paasche-Orlow for bringing the issue of poor health literacy in the United States to the bioethical forefront (Volandes and Paasche-Orlow 2007). ...
Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity in Patients With Histoplasmosis
Authors: Kenneth W. Ryder
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The association between increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and active sarcoidosis is well documented. During a recent outbreak of acute histoplasmosis, a disease that shares many of the clinical and roentgenographic features of sarcoidosis, we examined serum ACE activity. Twenty-one (25%) of 86 patients with histoplasmosis had increased serum ACE activity. There were neither roentgenographic nor other substantive clinical differences between the groups of patients with increased and normal ACE values. Therefore, an increase in serum ACE activity must not be assumed to be caused by sarcoidosis unless histoplasmosis had been excluded. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1888-1889)
Hypoglycemia Preceding Fatal Car Collisions
Authors: Daniel J. Cox, Boris Kovatchev, Karen Vandecar, Linda Gonder-Frederick, Lee Ritterband, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Hypoglycemia significantly impairs driving performance (1, 2), and driving collisions involving diabetic individuals are frequently attributed to hypoglycemia (3). Further, driving mishaps are often preceded by frequent mild symptomatic hypoglycemia while driving (4). It is reasonable to expect that before a hypoglycemia-related driving mishap, drivers with type 1 diabetes may experience frequent episodes of hypoglycemia.

We recently conducted a study in which 100 adults and 100 children with type 1 diabetes were given memory meters and strips (OneTouch Ultra; LifeScan, Milpitas, CA) and asked to record all blood glucose readings for 6 consecutive months. Tragically, during this study, two subjects died in vehicular collisions. Subject A was a 47-year-old male with …