tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reactions to the chief medical officer's report
Authors: Adam J Pringle
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I oppose the imposition of an untested system of “revalidation” that is incapable of defining a good doctor and that imposes bureaucratic burdens on the 95% of us seen as good doctors as punishment for the regulator's inability to address the other 5%.1 

Sir Liam's analysis of the problem is reasonable, but his conclusions are fundamentally flawed. He recommends a system to support doctors with health concerns—yet he recommended the same thing seven years ago, and has done nothing to deliver it, despite train drivers and pilots having similar support for a quarter of a century. 

He recommends a …
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism: a comparison of statistical techniques.
Authors: M J Gardner, D J Barker
Journal: BMJ (1975)

From replies to a postal questionnaire used in a radioactive iodine follow-up scheme patients had to be classified as either "suspected hypothyroid" or "euthyroid." A comparisons has been made of the effectiveness of published statistical techniques in making this classification. Two main conclusions emerged. Firstly, all except one of the methods identified an acceptable proportion of the hypothyroid patients, and, secondly, the results given by these methods were remarkably similar. Thus the simplest, which required only a count of the number of symptoms present, was selected for use.
Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
Authors: H S Huitfeldt, A Heyden, E Skarpen, E V Thrane, P E Schwarze
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunological probes are potent tools for studies of alterations induced by xenobiotics in target organs. When the effects of xenobiotics are studied in whole tissue, the cellular heterogeneity of the organ must be taken into account. For this reason, combined in situ and biochemical techniques are necessary. Antibodies to normal or altered cellular constituents are used for identification, quantitation, and cellular localization of proteins and modified DNA. Many xenobiotics alter gene activation by interactions with DNA. After activation, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) forms DNA adducts, which can be identified immunologically. Combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling, techniques have been developed to demonstrate reduced adduct concentrations in proliferating cells and preneoplastic foci in the livers of AAF-fed rats. Carcinogen-induced DNA modifications are implicated as a major mechanism of altered gene activation in neoplasia, leading to phenotypical alterations. Also, cellular differentiation may be affected by xenobiotics. Differentiation-associated markers can be used for studies of gene activation. In mouse skin, the keratins K1 and K10 are only expressed in suprabasal, differentiating cells. BrdU pulse chase experiments combined with double immunofluorescence have revealed that K1 and K10 are sequentially turned on 18 to 24 hr after DNA synthesis and are followed by suprabasal migration. After a single application of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell migration starts directly after mitosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LATS AND THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: SEYMOUR HERSCHBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 October 1969LATS AND THYROTOXICOSISSEYMOUR HERSCHBERG, M.D.SEYMOUR HERSCHBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-4-872 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The editorial note by Dr. Burke (1) highlights some of the problems involved in ascertaining the significance of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS). As the matter is one of dispute, I would like to propose a unifying hypothesis.With reference to the effects of LATS on various tissues as noted in the review by Burke (2), many of the apparent discrepancies might be clarified if genetic concepts were taken into account. The effects of LATS on target systems may vary with the genetic predisposition of end-organ sensitivity, and this in turn may produce various clinical pictures with respect...References1. BURKE G: Long-acting thyroid stimulator and exophthalmos. Ann. Intern. Med. 70: 1045, 1969. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BURKE G: The long-acting thyroid stimulator of Graves' disease. Amer. J. Med. 45: 435, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SOLOMON DH: Hyperthyroidism (UCLA interdepartmental conference). Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 1015, 1968. LinkGoogle Scholar1. WERNER SC (moderator): Two panel discussions on hyperthyroidism. II. Etiology and treatment of hyperthyroidism in the adult. J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 1763, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. EVERSMANSKILLERNSENHAUSER JJPGDA: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease with exophthalmos without hyperthyroidism. Cleveland Clin. Quart. 33: 179, 1966. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. WYSEMCCONAHEYWOOLNERSCHULZKEARNS EPWMLBDATP: Ophthalmopathy without hyperthyroidism in patients with histologic Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J. Clin. Endocr. 28: 1623, 1968. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. JAYSONDONIACHBENHAMOU-GLYNNROITTEL KABIR MIDNIMDJ: Thyrotoxicosis and Hashimoto's goitre in a pair of monozygotic twins with serum long-acting thyroid stimulator. Lancet 2: 15, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HAYDAR NA: Exophthalmos, digital clubbing, and pretibial myxedema in thyroiditis. J. Clin. Endocr. 23: 215, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. LIDDLEHEYSSELMCKENZIE GWRMJM: Graves' disease without hyperthyroidism. Amer. J. Med. 39: 845, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. HASSANGREIGBOYLEBOYLEWALLACE THWRJAITTJ: Toxic diffuse goitre in monozygotic twins. Lancet 2: 306, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fordham Hospital Southern Blvd. and Crotona Ave. Bronx, N. Y. 10458 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLymphocytic Thyroiditis and Thyrotoxicosis 1 October 1969Volume 71, Issue 4Page: 872-874KeywordsGenetic predispositionGeneticsThyroid Issue Published: 1 October 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
P2-14-02: NCIC CTG MA.27: Clinical Tolerability and Overall Survival of Racial and Ethnic Minority Women on Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy.
Authors: B Moy, LE Shepherd, J-AW Chapman, Maitre A Le, KA Gelmon, C Elliott, JN Ingle, PE Goss
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are standard adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We previously reported that racial/ethnic minority women receiving an AI in NCIC CTG MA.17 experienced fewer hot flashes, fatigue, and arthralgias than Caucasians (Moy B et al. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1637). Here we examined whether race affected clinical outcomes in the MA.27 AI trial comparing exemestane (E) with anastrozole (A). Methods: Fisher's exact test was used to compare observed side effects (0 vs grades 1–5) between minority and Caucasian women. Adverse events (AE), including menopausal symptoms, were assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria of the National Cancer Institute (version 3.0). ITT univariate test of race effects on overall survival (OS) was determined with a stratified log-rank test, while multivariate testing was with stratified Cox regression. Results: Among 7312 for whom race was known, distribution was: Caucasian (n=6939; 95%); black (n=235; 3%); Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (n=93); 1%; American Indian (n=39; 1%); and mixed race (n=6). Among women treated with E, minorities reported a significantly lower incidence of hot flashes (45% vs. 56%; p=0.003) and fatigue (34% vs. 46%; p=0.001) compared to Caucasians. Similarly with A, minority women reported significantly fewer hot flashes (47% vs. 58%; p=0.002) and lower cholesterol (12% vs. 18%; p=0.01); however, they reported more headaches than Caucasians (16% vs. 10%; p=0.01). Caucasian women were more likely to discontinue therapy due to AE or side effects (32% vs. 24%). There was a significant OS interaction (p=0.02) between race and treatment with minority women on E having fewer deaths than those on A. Caucasian women had HR of E to A of 0.98 (95% CI 0.81−1.20), p=0.85, while minorities had HR of E to A of 0.72 (95% CI 0.33−1.58), p=0.41. Conclusions: Minority women tolerated AIs better and were also more compliant than Caucasians, supporting our previous findings. A significant interaction between race and type of AI therapy for OS was seen, favoring exemestane in minority women. Replication of these findings in larger cohorts is necessary. Since race/ethnicity may serve as a surrogate for genetic differences, our findings suggest pharmacogenomic differences which require further research. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-02.
Focus: Washington Political allies and enemies take on junior doctor surplus
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Change often comes in odd forms, and none is odder than the way the US government is dealing with paying junior doctors. In 1965, fearing a predicted shortage of doctors, it widened the scope of the Medicare programme, the government health insurance scheme for the elderly, and made it assume the bill for educating America's junior doctors.

This was a great success. Training programmes grew rapidly as the government paid hospitals for each junior doctor on their staff: The more juniors they had, the more money came to the hospital. And since the subsidies were more than three times the junior doctor's salary, there was plenty of incentive to train more, and train them longer.

The …
838 OLPRINONE ATTENUATES SHEAR STRESS BY UP-REGULATING ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN RAT EXCESSIVE PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY MODEL
Authors: K. Yamanaka, E. Hatano, M. Narita, K. Kitamura, A. Yanagida, H. Asechi, K. Taura, T. Nitta, S. Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Refractory massive pleural effusion in systemic lupus erythematosus treated by pleurectomy.
Authors: J S Elborn, P Conn, S D Roberts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

A 34 year old man is described with systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent massive pleural effusions. Systemic treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine controlled all other manifestations of the disease apart from the pleural effusions. These were finally, successfully treated by pleurectomy.
CHOLESTEROL PERICARDITIS WITHOUT ACTIVE INFLAMMATORY CHANGE: EVALUATION BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Yukio Mizuguchi, Akihiko Takahashi, Takeshi Yamada, Norimasa Taniguchi, Shunsuke Nakajima, Tetsuya Hata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ARTIFCIAL IMMUNIZATION IN NON-BACTERIAL DISEASES
Authors: S. P. BEEBE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A large portion of our knowledge concerning the processes of immunity and nearly all the practical applications of this knowledge have been concerned with infectious diseases. Many of the theories, however, which have made progress possible have been elaborated on the basis of experiments with snake venoms, hemolytic reactions, and pure proteids; and this kind of laboratory experimentation has preceded, or been coordinate with our advance in knowledge concerning the infections. We have in the venom of poisonous snakes and in certain poisonous proteids of vegetable origin, such as ricin, examples of non-bacterial toxins which are quite as suitable for the purpose of immunity investigation as the bacterial toxins and the results obtained by the employment of these substances have been of great importance in the history of immunology. In the recent investigations respecting anaphylaxis, the reactions of the organism to proteids of non-bacterial origin have been studied, and the
Pulmonary and Circulatory Effects of Acute Pulmonary Vascular Engorgement in Normal Subjects 1
Authors: Stuart Bondurant, John B. Hickam, Joseph K. Isley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

subjects studied during submersion were females, in the same age group. The subjects were indoctrinated by several dummy runs before measurements were made to minimize the effects of anxiety. G Suit. The G suit3 was a single chamber, balloon type garment which covered the feet, legs, and lower abdomen. The suit could be inflated to the desired pressure within 5 seconds by a standard Air Force G-valve. Suit pressure of 2 PSI (103 mm. Hg) was customarily used. The subjects were studied in the seated position before, during and after a 2-minute period of suit inflation.
Identification of acquired copy number alterations and uniparental disomies in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis
Authors: L Bullinger, J Krönke, C Schön, I Radtke, K Urlbauer, U Botzenhardt, V Gaidzik, A Carió, C Senger, R F Schlenk, J R Downing, K Holzmann, K Döhner, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Dosage Errors With Heparin
Authors: John J. Cranley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During this current year, we have encountered six patients in whom serious hemorrhage developed secondary to the inadvertent use of an incorrect dose of heparin. Four of these near-disasters occurred in the operating suite and two on the wards. In each case, the person administering the heparin had misread the label. Because of the shortage of heparin, multiple brands of heparin have been used. Some vials that are very similar in appearance may contain 1,000, 5,000, or 10,000 units/ml. In some vials, the largest letters indicate the total dose of the vial, rather than the total dose per milliliter. Finally, some vials contain the total dose in 4 ml, and others in 5 ml. We believe that this situation is serious enough to be called to the attention of all physicians. Our hospital has tried to meet the situation by taking two steps: (1) insisting that all
FOCAL INFECTION FROM THE LABORATORY STANDPOINT
Authors: JOHN A. KOLMER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Despite the fact that the subject of focal infection has been prominently before the medical profession during the past decade, a good deal of confusion and skepticism of its importance still exists. One ordinarily thinks of only the acute bacterial infections and especially of the specific infections and contagious diseases in relation to infection, but it has been estimated that from 80 to 90 per cent of all deaths are due to some type of infection, and the acute specific infections are in reality responsible for but a small part of these. To not a few physicians the subject of focal infection begins and ends with the possibility of a deforming arthritis being related to infected teeth or tonsils, the removal of which may or may not be followed by a magical disappearance of the joint involvements. But the possible importance of simple nonspecific infections of the apexes of the
Book Review Insulin Resistance: Childhood Precursors and Adult Disease (Contemporary Endocrinology.) Edited by Philip S. Zeitler and Kristen J. Nadeau. 331 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008. $139. 978-1-58829-875-1
Authors: Lori Laffel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Chile
Authors: Ximena Aguilera, Carla Castillo-Laborde, Manuel Nájera-De Ferrari, Iris Delgado, Ciro Ibañez
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

This paper by Ximena Paz Aguilera and colleagues is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. It illustrates progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Chile. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Action of neomycin on the intraluminal phase of lipid absorption
Authors: Gilbert R. Thompson, James Barrowman, Louis Gutierrez, R. Hermon Dowling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Administration of a single 1 g dose of neomycin sulfate to five healthy subjects simultaneously with a test meal caused a marked increase in the proportion of fatty acid and bile acid in the ultracentrifuged deposit of aspirated intestinal contents. Labeled cholesterol was precipitated in a similar manner in two hypercholesterolemic patients. Neomycin had no effect on the pancreatic lipase concentration or on the pH of intestinal contents. These results confirm that the ability of neomycin to precipitate micellar lipids is due to interaction between the polybasic neomycin molecule and ionized fatty acids and bile acids. This mechanism provides an explanation for both the steatorrhea and hypocholesterolemia induced by this compound.
Fish as Biomonitors of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Hexabromocyclododecane in Czech Aquatic Ecosystems: Pollution of the Elbe River Basin
Authors: Jana Pulkrabová, Jana Hajšlová, Jan Poustka, Radek Kazda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)--polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)--belong to the group of relatively "new" environmental contaminants. The occurrence of these compounds in the Czech aquatic ecosystem was for the first time documented within the 3-year monitoring study initiated in 2001. In 2002-2003 HBCD and the major PBDE congeners (28, 47, 49, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were found in 136 freshwater fish samples collected from several sampling sites located at three Czech rivers (Vltava, Elbe, Tichá Orlice). Chub (Leuciscus cephalus), barbel (Barbus barbus), bream (Abramis brama), perch (Perca fluviatilis), and trout (Salmo trutta), representing the most common fish species, were examined by gas chromatography coupled with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry.The presence of PBDE congeners and HBCD was detected in all analyzed samples (limits of detection for target analyts ranged from 0.015 to 0.1 ng/g lipid weight). Without exception the dominating congener was BDE-47. The most pronounced extent of fish contamination was found in the Vltava river at Klecany, downstream from the industrial agglomeration of Prague. As for fish species, the highest concentrations of PBDEs (sum of congeners) were measured in benthic species, represented by bream and barbel, up to 19.6 ng/g wet weight and 16.5 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The lowest accumulation occurred in predator fish (perch and trout). The highest levels of HBCD were detected in barbel from Srnojedy on the Elbe River (15.6 ng/g wet weight), downstream.
Abstract 3212: Capillary electrophoresis for upstream and downstream biopharmaceutical development.
Authors: Uyen Nguyen, Francisco Ramirez, Scott Mack, Susan Darling, John Proctor, Annegret Boge
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In order to bring an antibody or other biologic drug to market, each step of the process needs to be carefully monitored. Charge heterogeneity and apparent MW via SDS-PAGE are two of the most commonly assessed parameters. Ideally, similar methods should be used from the beginning of development (low expression, complex matrix) to late in production and QC (high concentration, pure material).Capillary techniques such as iCE and CE-SDS are currently heavily used in downstream product development but pose challenges for small scale screening and characterization during cell culture and formulation development. Here we present the Simple Western that combines in one novel instrument, Peggy, capillary electrophoresis with an immunoassay to provide highly reproducible and fully automated analysis of monoclonal antibodies. This sensitive technology measures either size or charge in complex samples and provides critical charge heterogeneity, size, and product titer information without the need for sample purification. Data will be presented demonstrating the application of the Simple Western technique and the iCE technology for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and the ability of the two techniques to provide consistency of data across the whole range of product development. In addition we show examples for the unique capability of this technology to assess affinity information for these anti VEGF antibodies to different charge isoforms of VEGF. Citation Format: Uyen Nguyen, Francisco Ramirez, Scott Mack, Susan Darling, John Proctor, Annegret Boge. Capillary electrophoresis for upstream and downstream biopharmaceutical development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3212. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3212
THE EYES OF THE ARMY
Authors: ALLEN GREENWOOD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

When an ophthalmologist studies the new regulations for drafted and enlisted men, he is immediately confronted with the fact that men with low vision, which can be raised by glasses to the required standard in one eye, are enrolled for some form of limited military service, and at once the thought comes, How are these men to be supplied with glasses if they have none, and how are lost or broken glasses to be replaced here, and overseas?  The problems are more easily solved for this country than for abroad; but to obtain the best solution, the work here and there must be coordinated. In the early days following our country's entrance into the arena of world conflict, the Subcommittee on Ophthalmology of the General Medical Board of the Council of National Defense took up these problems, which then, owing to a higher standard of visual requirements, were less difficult
Abstract A33: Integrated analysis of molecular and metabolomic data to identify drug resistance mechanisms in lung cancers
Authors: Anand S. Merchant, Natalie Fedorova Abrams, Eric A. Stahlberg, Zoe Weaver
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Consistent bioinformatics analysis approaches of chemically perturbed biological systems are needed in order to achieve meaningful integration of results from multiple experiments in support of cancer systems biology research. Our initial efforts have focused on identifying and contrasting molecular mechanisms that reveal biochemical events affecting non-small cell lung cancers in the context of combination drug therapies as a model for defining these approaches. While the link between growth factor receptor mutations, target inhibitor drugs and non-small cell lung cancer is well established, the basis of variable response in different patient cohorts is still poorly understood and is the subject of ongoing investigations. Data for our efforts were provided by the NCI's Center for Advanced Preclinical Research. Mice genetically engineered to develop erlotinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinomas were subjected to drug compounds that are currently in clinical trials, as well as erlotinib, individually and in combination, to study early response and development of late resistance. Metabolite data, gene expression data, and histological data were collected and used in defining the initial analysis approach. While evaluation of analysis approaches continues, preliminary results already indicate these data can be effective in assessing drug efficacy on reducing tumor burden. Further efforts are underway to develop analysis techniques to explore the underlying dynamic processes. Citation Format: Anand S. Merchant, Natalie Fedorova Abrams, Eric A. Stahlberg, Zoe Weaver. Integrated analysis of molecular and metabolomic data to identify drug resistance mechanisms in lung cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.