tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: ANDREW L. SKOOG
Journal: JAMA (1910)

During the past two years a great amount of interest has been manifested in poliomyelitis acuta, not only by the medical profession, but by laymen as well.Many new facts regarding the pathology, and particularly the etiology, have appeared in medical articles in this time.Mention may be made of the brilliant work of Land- steiner and Popper1 and Flexner and Lewis.2These and other workers have demonstrated the infectiousness of the disease, which is undoubtedly caused by some virus.Their writings have given us a number of new facts regarding the pathology, but nothing radically new in the treatment.This article will deal only with the treatment of the prodromal and acute stages.
ATP site-directed competitive and irreversible inhibitors of protein kinases
Authors: Carlos Garc�a-Echeverr�a, Peter Traxler, Dean B. Evans
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

Several tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases have emerged in the last few years as attractive targets in the search for new therapeutic agents being applicable in many different disease indications. Initially, inhibition of these protein kinases by ATP site-directed inhibitors was considered less prone to success, but medicinal chemists from both academia and industry have been able to impart potency and selectivity to a limited number of scaffolds by modulating and fine-tuning the interactions of the modified template with the ATP binding site of the selected kinase. The chemical templates that have been used in the synthesis of ATP site-directed protein kinase inhibitors are reviewed with emphasis on the kinase inhibitors that have entered or are about to enter clinical trials. Examples have been selected to illustrate how structure-based design approaches and new methods to increase compound diversity have had an impact on this area of research.
Ulcerative and "Granulomatous" Colitis—Validity of Differential Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: HOWARD SCHACHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

One hundred cases of inflammatory disease of the colon treated by proctocolectomy were subjected to clinical, radiologic, and pathologic restudy. Twenty-one of the 100 cases were diagnosed clinically as Crohn's disease ("granulomatous colitis"), with frequent but not invariable radiologic agreement. Only 14 of the 21 clinically diagnosed patients had cumulative histologic features of "granulomatous colitis." Seventy-nine of the 100 cases were diagnosed clinically as ulcerative colitis, again with frequent but not complete radiologic agreement. Four of the 79 patients presented cumulative histologic features of granulomatous colitis. In 11 of the 100 cases segmental disease or a normal rectum was described at gross examination. Only four of these cases were diagnosed histologically as granulomatous colitis. Patients with granulomatous colitis constitute a small segment of the patient population with inflammatory bowel disease requiring proctocolectomy at our hospital. Currently accepted gross and histologic characteristics of Crohn's disease, including the granuloma, sometimes do not correlate with clinical findings, although correlation is improved when collective criteria are utilized. Significant overlap exists between granulomatous and ulcerative colitis clinically, radiologically, and pathologically.
Prevention of Second Primary Tumors with Isotretinoin in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Waun KI Hong, Scott M. Lippman, Loretta M. Itri, Daniel D. Karp, Jin S. Lee, Robert M. Byers, Stimson P. Schantz, Alan M. Kramer, Reuben Lotan, Lester J. Peters, Isaiah W. Dimery, Barry W. Brown, Helmuth Goepfert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Patients with head-and-neck cancers who are free of disease after local therapy remain at high risk for both recurrent and second primary tumors. Retinoids have proved efficacious in the treatment of premalignant oral lesions and are promising agents for the prevention of epithelial carcinogenesis.We prospectively studied 103 patients who were disease-free after primary treatment for squamous-cell cancers of the larynx, pharynx, or oral cavity. After completion of surgery or radiotherapy (or both), these patients were randomly assigned to receive either isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) (50 to 100 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day) or placebo, to be taken daily for 12 months.There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of local, regional, or distant recurrences of the primary cancers. However, the isotretinoin group had significantly fewer second primary tumors. After a median follow-up of 32 months, only 2 patients (4 percent) in the isotretinoin group had second primary tumors, as compared with 12 (24 percent) in the placebo group (P = 0.005). Multiple second primary tumors occurred in four patients, all of whom were in the placebo group. Of the 14 second cancers, 13 (93 percent) occurred in the head and neck, esophagus, or lung.Daily treatment with high doses of isotretinoin is effective in preventing second primary tumors in patients who have been treated for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, although it does not prevent recurrences of the original tumor.
Suppression of Ventricular Arrhythmias by Transvenous Intracardiac Pacing
Authors: Donald F. Heiman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE VALUE of the artificial pacemaker in the management of rhythm disturbances associated with atrioventricular (AV) heart block has been well established in the past few years. Recently Sowton et al<sup>1</sup>reported two cases of repetitive ventricular arrhythmias not associated with AV heart block, which were suppressed by artificial pacing after other methods of therapy, including electric countershock, were of no avail. Since repetitive tachycardias of the prefibrillatory variety may be quite serious and difficult to control by conventional methods of therapy, and since there appears to be a paucity of information concerning the application of artificial pacing to this problem, the following two cases are presented. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 42-year-old white housewife was admitted to the hospital following a convulsive seizure. The patient had had rheumatic fever at 22 years of age without recurrence. Physical examination revealed an irregular heart beat at a rate of
Caspase-8 Interacts with the p85 Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase to Regulate Cell Adhesion and Motility
Authors: Jamie Senft, Brooke Helfer, Steven M. Frisch
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cell migration plays an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Previously, we reported that caspase-8 contributes to cell migration and adhesion, a novel nonapoptotic function of an established apoptotic factor. Herein, we report that pro-caspase-8 is capable of restoring cell migration/adhesion to caspase-8-null cells, establishing the first biological function of a pro-caspase. The catalytic activity of caspase-8 was not required for cell motility. Stimulation of motility with epidermal growth factor induced the phosphorylation of caspase-8 on tyrosine-380 and the interaction of caspase-8 with the p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Tyrosine-380 was required for the restoration of cell motility and cell adhesion in caspase-8-null cells, demonstrating the importance of the caspase-8–p85 interaction for these nonapoptotic functions. These results suggest that caspase-8 phosphorylation converts it from a proapoptotic factor to a cell motility factor that, through tyrosine-380, interacts with p85, an established cell migration component. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11505–9]
Dr. Murphy's Letter on Optical Diagrams.
Authors: David W. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Richmond, Ind., July 31, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof July 29, there is a letter by Dr. Murphy of Kansas City as to "Misleading Statements and Illustrations in School Physiologies, Physics, and in Text-Books on Diseases of the Eye," but unfortunately in this case it is Dr. Murphy who is misleading. He states that the text-books teach that parallel rays of light focus on the retina in the normal eye. This is just what they have taught, do teach, and always ought to teach. The first three illustrations, which he states are incorrectly drawn, are just as correct as his Figures 5, 6 and 7. Possibly some slight objection may be made to them all, in that they take for their basis the old ray theory, which is entirely superseded by the wave theory. Scheiner's experiment any one can perform by taking a visiting card through which
Topical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Dimethyl Sulfoxide—Part 1
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an extraordinary chemical, a derivative of lignin, synthesized more than 75 years ago. It is a highly polar, stable, hygroscopic organic liquid with exceptional solvent properties. Miscible with water, lipoids, and organic solvents, it can bring into solution an extraordinary variety of inorganic and organic chemicals. Its industrial application are numerous and diverse: it is used (1) as a solvent for resins, fungicides, dyes, pigments, etc, (2) as a reactant for chemical synthesis, (3) as an extractant, and (4) as a reaction medium to accelerate rates of chemical combination. Its unequivocally demonstrated spectrum of biologic activities includes enhancement of penetration through plant and animal membranes<sup>1</sup>and preservation of living cells and tissues during freezing.<sup>2</sup>It is exceptionally nontoxic. The acute median lethal dose values for mice are, for example, (<i>a</i>) 21,400 mg/kg (oral administration), (<i>b</i>) 3,820 mg/ kg (intravenous administration), and (<i>c</i>) 20,500 mg/kg
TCTAP A-076 Pattern of In-Stent Restenosis in Saphenous Coronary Vein Grafts – Insight from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCTOPUS Registry)
Authors: Tomasz Roleder, Wojciech Wanha, Wieslaw Cybulski, Grzegorz Smolka, Mariusz Skowerski, Andrzej Ochala, Zbigniew Gasior, Michal Tendera, Wojciech Wojakowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Hemangioma of the Tongue Demonstrating a Perfusion Blood Pool Mismatch
Authors: DOV FRONT, DAVID GROSHAR, ORA ISRAEL, ELIEZER ROBINSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Perfusion blood pool mismatch using Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBCs) in a hemangioma of the tongue is described. The method is useful in the evaluation of size of the residual blood pool after irradiation of the tumor
A gene for familial juvenile nephronophthisis (recessive medullary cystic kidney disease) maps to chromosome 2p
Authors: Corinne Antignac, Christine H. Arduy, Jacques S. Beckmann, France Benessy, Françoise Gros, Monia Medhioub, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Jean-Louis Dufier, Claire Kleinknecht, Michel Broyer, Jean Weissenbach, Renée Habib, Daniel Cohen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Soluble decoy receptor 3 modulates the survival and formation of osteoclasts from multiple myeloma bone disease patients
Authors: S Colucci, G Brunetti, G Mori, A Oranger, M Centonze, C Mori, F P Cantatore, R Tamma, R Rizzi, V Liso, A Zallone, M Grano
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
The kidney is a major site of alpha(2)-antiplasmin production.
Authors: P A Menoud, N Sappino, M Boudal-Khoshbeen, J D Vassalli, A P Sappino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The serpin alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) is the major circulating inhibitor of plasmin; it plays a determining role in the regulation of intravascular fibrinolysis, In addition to blood plasma, plasmin formation occurs in various organs where it is thought to fulfill a spectrum of functions not restricted to clot lysis. Alpha2-AP is synthesized by hepatocytes, but other possible sites of production have not been investigated. To explore the potential extravascular contribution of alpha2-AP in the regulation of proteolysis, we have isolated the murine alpha2-AP cDNA and determined its mRNA distribution in adult tissues. In addition to liver, kidneys are major sites of alpha2-AP mRNA accumulation in the mouse. The transcript is present in epithelial cells lining the convoluted portion of proximal tubules, and its accumulation is under androgen control. Human kidneys also contain high levels of alpha2-AP mRNA. Moderate amounts Of alpha2-AP mRNA are detected in other murine tissues such as muscle, intestine, central nervous system, and placenta. Our observations indicate that alpha2-AP can be synthesized in a number of tissues, where it could function as a distal regulator of plasmin-mediated extracellular proteolysis.
Comparison of depot tetracosactrin and corticotrophin gel
Authors: B. L. J. Treadwell, P. M. Dennis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Depot tetracosactrin has been compared with corticotrophin gel in 12 inpatients of a rheumatic diseases unit Every patient received one subcutaneous infection each of the synthetic and the animal preparation, with serial measurements of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, 12-hourly urinary 11-hydroxycorticosteroids, and 17-oxogenic steroids. The duration of action of the depot tetracosactrin was virtually twice that of corticotrophin gel, the dose relationship being about 0·25 mg. of depot tetracosactrin to 50 units of gel. Local reaction to the injection of depot tetracosactrin was relatively frequent.
Carotid-Body Removal in Asthma
Authors: Gerald Marschke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Asthma is often an intractable and disabling disease; yet, by definition it can be relieved either spontaneously or therapeutically. Unfortunately, available therapeutic procedures have not always been successful in reversing the disease, and a continuous series of new treatments has been proposed. A surgical treatment for asthma, removal of the carotid body or glomus, was described by Nakayama in 1961.<sup>1</sup>In his study of 4,000 patients with asthma, approximately 80% were cured or improved six months after surgery and 58% allegedly maintained good results after five years. Overholt reported that slightly over half of 71 patients who had carotid glomectomies were improved.<sup>2</sup> Because asthma is a chronic disease with undulations in severity which are influenced by environmental and emotional factors as well as medical and surgical therapy, it is difficult to isolate the effect of one particular form of treatment unless adequate controls are used. This study was
The Antidepressant Quandary — Considering Suicide Risk When Treating Adolescent Depression
Authors: Gregory E. Simon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In March 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory regarding worsening depression and suicidal thoughts and behavior in patients treated with the newer antidepressant drugs fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine (Luvox), citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), bupropion (Wellbutrin), venlafaxine (Effexor), nefazodone (Serzone), and mirtazapine (Remeron). In February 2005, the agency extended the warning to include all antidepressant drugs. This warning was prompted by analyses of data from placebo-controlled trials of antidepressants suggesting that the drugs were associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents.Subsequent research leaves considerable uncertainty regarding . . .
The PROGRESS trial three years later: Clear and accurate interpretations of studies are needed
Authors: Daniel G Hackam
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
Bilateral Orbital Involvement in Fatal Giant Cell Polymyositis
Authors: Jorge C. Kattah, Lorenz E. Zimmerman, Martin P. Kolsky, Georgia Chrousos, Richard Chavis, Gittie Jaffe, Herbert J. Manz
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

The case of a young woman with giant cell polymyositis is described. She had bilateral, severe, midly painful proptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Extensive pharyngeal, laryngeal, and cardiac muscle involvement occurred 18 months later coincident with fatal cardiac arrhythmia. At autopsy, extensive muscle necrosis and giant cells were noted in extraocular, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and cardiac muscle with only minimal involvement of other striated muscles.
A New Tolerance Test as a Guide to Clinical Heparin Therapy
Authors: ROBERT S. MCCLEERY, JOHN A. YARBOROUGH, Con O. T. Ball
Journal: Circulation (1951)

It is a common clinical observation that the response to a specific dose of heparin in a retarding menstruum is unpredictable. The fallacy of using weight as a guide to dosage is well shown by the results here reported. To simplify the approach to a therapeutic regimen, it seemed advisable to assess all of the variables in an individual patient by the administration of a test dose of intravenous heparin. A dosage schedule is outlined, based on the response to the tolerance test, which proved accurate in 105 patients and requires the performance of only one coagulation time every 24 to 36 hours.
Application of new coatings for vascular grafts based on polyacrylic systems with antiaggregating activity
Authors: J.San Román, M.C. Escudero, A Gallardo, R.Santa Cruz, E. Jorge, J. de Haro, L. Alvarez, I. Millán, J. Buján, J.M. Bellón, J.L. Castillo-Olivares
Journal: Biomaterials (1994)
Nodular pulmonary ossifications in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules
Authors: J. Gielis, M. Torfs, M. Luijks, R. Salgado, P.E. Van Schil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Nodular pulmonary ossifications in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodulesTo the Editors:When considering a solitary pulmonary nodule or coin lesion, the differential diagnosis comprises a lot of different disease entities.Although uncommon, in specific patient groups, pulmonary ossifications should also be considered.We report two patients in whom the diagnosis of pulmonary ossification was confirmed pathologically and present a general discussion on this subject.
Abstract 2904: Lyophilized black raspberry extract modulates interleukin 8 expression in human cervical cancer: An insight into phytochemical-based chemoprevention?
Authors: Floor J. Backes, Zhaoxia Zhang, Leigh G. Seamon, Christa I. Nagel, David E. Cohn, Thomas J. Knobloch, Christopher M. Weghorst
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer is the 3rd most common cancer globally. The long latency from dysplasia to invasive cancer makes it amenable to prevention strategies. Phytochemicals, including those in lyophilized black raspberries (LBRs), are of great interest due to their growth inhibitory and anti-tumorigenic effects in preclinical models. Previously we showed that LBR extracts inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Angiogenesis is an important part of carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that LBRs modulate the expression of an angiogenesis associated signaling cascade. Methods Human cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were treated with vehicle control (.02% DMSO) or LBR extract (200 µg/mL) for 1 or 3 days (d). Cells were harvested at 1d or 3d and RNA was extracted. Gene expression profiling was performed using a TaqMan Gene Signature Angiogenesis Array, which simultaneously screens 94 genes involved in angiogenesis. Genes demonstrating ≥2-fold change in expression following geNorm transformation were used for Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) network modeling. Biomarkers modulated in a manner favorable for cancer prevention were validated by real time RT-PCR. Results Short-term LBR exposure of SiHa cells in vitro resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, and reduced expression of IL8 and MMP2 genes detected using the Angiogenesis Array. IPA network modeling predicted that MMP2 and NFkB would be part of the IL8 signaling cascade and this is supported in the literature. Validation with real time RT-PCR showed a 24-fold (1d) and 28-fold (3d) reduction in IL8 expression following LBR exposure. However, MMP2 and NFkB did not demonstrate a significant differential expression at either time point. Conclusion Short-term exposure of cervical cancer cells to LBR results in a striking reduction of IL8 gene expression. Although MMP2 and NFkB are associated with known IL8 signaling mechanisms, they are not modulated by LBR extract in this in vitro model. Therefore, the growth inhibitory activity and transcriptional repression of IL8 following LBR extract exposure proceed via an MMP2-NFkB-independent cascade. Other signaling mechanisms within the IL8 signaling cascade (HIF, AP1, STAT3) may be involved and will be further explored. Since IL8 plays an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, it supports the potential for phytonutrient-based chemoprevention of cervical cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2904.
Foveal Cystoid Spaces Are Associated with Enlarged Foveal Avascular Zone and Microaneurysms in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Tomoaki Murakami, Kazuaki Nishijima, Atsushi Sakamoto, Masafumi Ota, Takahiro Horii, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF DEPIGMENTED SKIN IN KWASHIORKOR
Authors: R. T. SIMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF DEPIGMENTED SKIN IN KWASHIORKOR Get access R. T. SIMS R. T. SIMS Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge and Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Natal, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 12, 1 December 1968, Pages 822–832, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11952.x Published: 01 December 1968 Article history Accepted: 16 June 1968 Published: 01 December 1968