tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S100A9 Differentially Modifies Phenotypic States of Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Michelle M. Averill, Shelley Barnhart, Lev Becker, Xin Li, Jay W. Heinecke, Renee C. LeBoeuf, Jessica A. Hamerman, Clemens Sorg, Claus Kerkhoff, Karin E. Bornfeldt
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— S100A9 is constitutively expressed in neutrophils, dendritic cells, and monocytes; is associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions; and is implicated in obesity and cardiovascular disease in humans. Most of the constitutively secreted S100A9 is derived from myeloid cells. A recent report demonstrated that mice deficient in S100A9 exhibit reduced atherosclerosis compared with controls and suggested that this effect was due in large part to loss of S100A9 in bone marrow–derived cells. Methods and Results— To directly investigate the role of bone marrow–derived S100A9 in atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in mice, low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient, S100A9-deficient bone marrow chimeras were generated. Neither atherosclerosis nor insulin resistance was reduced in S100A9-deficient chimeras fed a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates. To investigate the reason for this lack of effect, myeloid cells were isolated from the peritoneal cavity or bone marrow. S100A9-deficient neutrophils exhibited a reduced secretion of cytokines in response to toll-like receptor-4 stimulation. In striking contrast, S100A9-deficient dendritic cells showed an exacerbated release of cytokines after toll-like receptor stimulation. Macrophages rapidly lost S100A9 expression during maturation; hence, S100A9 deficiency did not affect the inflammatory status of macrophages. Conclusions— S100A9 differentially modifies phenotypic states of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The effect of S100A9 deficiency on atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases is therefore predicted to depend on the relative contribution of these cell types at different stages of disease progression. Furthermore, S100A9 expression in nonmyeloid cells is likely to contribute to atherosclerosis.
Enflurane: A New Halogenated Inhalational Anesthetic
Authors: Michael H. M. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A monograph on enflurane, a new halogenated inhalational anesthetic, appears elsewhere in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>. This drug is the most recent addition to a series of such anesthetics that was begun with the introduction of chloroform by Simpson in 1847.<sup>1</sup> Beyond insistence on a lack of serious adverse effects, it is important to realize that any new inhalational anesthetic must come from a finite pool of chemical compounds that is limited in size by a number of restrictions. First, it appears that any potential inhalational anesthetic must be a compound of carbon and hydrogen with a variety of other atoms that may include oxygen and one or more halogens; substituted hydrocarbons and ethers have been the most promising configurations. Second, to be appropriately volatile and possibly to be anesthetic, such a compound must contain six or less carbon atoms. Third, to be nonflammable, such a compound must contain
Laboratory Critical Limits
Authors: N. M. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As Chief of Clinical Pathology of a 1200-bed hospital system, I read Dr Kost's<sup>1</sup>article with great interest. I was particularly intrigued by his sentence that states, "Data were converted to Système International [SI] units before statistical analysis." I wonder what proportions of the 92 institutions that responded used SI units, SI units and conventional units, or conventional units only. I think these data would be most enlightening for all of us concerned with communication of laboratory information, as was so aptly summarized in the last paragraph of Dr Lundberg's<sup>2</sup>accompanying editorial: "to make certain that the information isproperly communicated, received, interpreted, and acted on to fulfill our responsibility to the patients we serve."
Author's reply to Wolstenholme and Sanfilippo and colleagues
Authors: J. K. Quint
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The responders have highlighted some important issues that merit further investigation. [1][3][4] We agree with Wolstenholme that it seems counterintuitive to use β blockers and β agonists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but most patients in our study were prescribed cardioselective β blockers, so theoretically β blockade would not negate agonist activity in the lungs.Some studies have even suggested that β blockers have beneficial effects on COPD and reduce exacerbations and mortality independent of cardiovascular risk. 5 Although we agree that antimuscarinic agents are also effective bronchodilators, caution may be needed in this patient group owing to concomitant cardiac arrhythmias.This is an area in which more research is needed.As Sanfilippo and colleagues state, primary percutaneous coronary intervention is an important and increasingly used treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Our data (not published) suggested that patients with COPD are less likely than those without COPD to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention, and in our study the number of patients undergoing this intervention was too small to include in the analysis.We agree that percutaneous coronary intervention is becoming more common and may be an important factor.We are currently undertaking a large and more up to date study of patients with COPD using data from the Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project (MINAP) to investigate this and several other factors.Competing interests: I am the first author of the paper discussed in the response.1
INSULIN: ITS USE AND MISUSE
Authors: NELLIS B. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

With the advent of insulin there were sound reasons to hope that the mortality from diabetes would show a definite decrease. This hope has not yet been realized. Mortality statistics for diabetes show a decided increase. While clinics and hospitals and specialists in this disease report a decrease in deaths, urban and state rates usually show increases or at best doubtful improvements. Why is this so? Does it mean that a valuable agent is being neglected? In an analysis of 1,800 cases of diabetes, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company found that insulin had been used in 881, or only 49 per cent. Of those receiving insulin, 54 per cent were given insulin for the first time within a month of death. Why should this be so?  First of all there is in the medical profession a most astonishing fear of insulin. A great many physicians seem to be more afraid
Clinical Reactions Following Vaccination With Two Types of Live Virus Measles Vaccines
Authors: Howard J. Garber
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Analysis of the effects of immunization without measles immune globulin in 145 children who received measles virus vaccine, live attenuated (Edmonston B), grown either on canine renal cells or chick embryo cultures showed no significant difference in clinical reactions. A maximum temperature of 103 F (.4 C) or greater was found in about 25% of all children and a rash in 51%. There was a tendency for a longer duration of temperature of 101 F (38.3 C) or higher in the group receiving canine renal cell vaccine, and although the numbers were small, more respiratory illnesses were found in this group.
Change in healthcare
Authors: Maryam Alfa-Wali
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Following your Podium ‘Change? Yes we can’, my thoughts within the NHS are for palliative care patients who wish to die at home. These patients need to have rapid access services to aid their discharge home. If we cannot do more for them medically or surgically, we can at least deliver their last wishes of dying at home rather than delaying discharge sometimes without real reason. Change is efficient social services so acute services are not mismanaged.
Systemic IL-17 Signaling Relates to Gender, Disease Severity and Use of Oral Steroids in Children with Asthma
Authors: Mohanna Mahmoud Alavi, Bjoern Nordlund, Sara Thunberg, Hans Gronlund, Joakim Lundahl, Gunilla Hedlin, Anders Linden, Jon Konradsen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Deleterious Mutations Can Surf to High Densities on the Wave Front of an Expanding Population
Authors: J. M. J. Travis, T. Munkemuller, O. J. Burton, A. Best, C. Dytham, K. Johst
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

There is an increasing recognition that evolutionary processes play a key role in determining the dynamics of range expansion. Recent work demonstrates that neutral mutations arising near the edge of a range expansion sometimes surf on the expanding front leading them rather than that leads to reach much greater spatial distribution and frequency than expected in stationary populations. Here, we extend this work and examine the surfing behavior of nonneutral mutations. Using an individual-based coupled-map lattice model, we confirm that, regardless of its fitness effects, the probability of survival of a new mutation depends strongly upon where it arises in relation to the expanding wave front. We demonstrate that the surfing effect can lead to deleterious mutations reaching high densities at an expanding front, even when they have substantial negative effects on fitness. Additionally, we highlight that this surfing phenomenon can occur for mutations that impact reproductive rate (i.e., number of offspring produced) as well as mutations that modify juvenile competitive ability. We suggest that these effects are likely to have important consequences for rates of spread and the evolution of spatially expanding populations.
JAUNDICE DUE TO METHYLTESTOSTERONE THERAPY
Authors: John C. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Methyltestosterone has been implicated as a cause of hepatogenous jaundice. The histological abnormality produced in the liver by this drug is said tc be distinctive. It consists of bile plugging of the intercellular canaliculi unaccompanied by notable inflammatory reaction or necrosis. Furthermore, the laboratory findings are of aid in the differentiation of methyltestosterone-induced icterus from other causes with which it may be confused clinically. The following report illustrates the characteristic features of jaundice caused by methyltestosterone therapy. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> M. L., aged 32, was admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania on Oct. 11, 1950, with complaints of abdominal cramps and anorexia of two weeks' duration. During the week prior to admission he had one episode of vomiting. Subsequently he noted dark urine, light but not acholic stools, and generalized pruritus. His physician observed icterus on Oct. 10, 1950. The patient had received no parenteral medication;
National Poisons Information Services: report and comment 1980.
Authors: G N Volans, G M Mitchell, A T Proudfoot, R G Shanks, J A Woodcock
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The National Poisons Information Services (NPIS) covering the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland currently receive over 40,000 telephone inquiries a year. Over the years there has been little change in the proportion of inquiries related to each of the main categories of poisons (drugs, household, chemical, agricultural, animals, and plants). More detailed analysis, however, shows pronounced changes in the inquiries relating to specific types of poisoning, particularly with drugs. By monitoring these trends and assessing the risks of toxicity, the NPIS has an important role in informing the medical profession of the need for preventive measures and for improved methods of treatment. At present, the NPIS cannot make full use of the available data due to inadequate staffing and lack of computer facilities. It is argued that for a modest increase in funding a much more comprehensive service could be provided.
Management of subcalcaneal pain and Achilles tendonitis with heel inserts
Authors: G. E. Maclellan, Barbara Vyvyan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Soft tissue symptoms in the leg due to sporting activity are commonly associated with the force of heel strike. Conventional training shoes compromise between comfort and performance; few models are suitably designed for both considerations. Using a visco-elastic polymer insert the symptoms of heel pain and Achilles tendonitis have been largely or completely abolished in a preliminary study.
THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY BETWEEN LATE-ENHANCEMENT ON CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE, OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DURING EXERCISE IN HYPERTOPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. AN EXERCISE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY
Authors: Elena Biagini, Massimiliano Lorenzini, Guido Rocchi, Fabio Coccolo, Rossella Fattori, Francesco Lai, Claudia Borghi, Angelo Branzi, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ring-Shaped FDG Uptake in the Right Lower Lung: Is It Always a Tumor?
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Hongming Zhuang, Rakesh Kumar, Jian Q. Yu, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

We present 2 patients with right lung cancer whose F-18 FDG PET images showed a ring-shaped lesion in the right lower lung, suggestive of neoplastic lung mass with central necrosis. Only after correlation with the patient’s history, chest radiographs, and computed tomography was it found that the ring-shaped lesion was a false-positive as a result of normal myocardial activity (from mediastinal shift secondary to a previous right pneumonectomy) in 1 patient, while a true-positive lung lesion was seen in the other.
A Mechanism Relevant to the Failure of Immune Processes to Control Tumors.
Authors: K. D. Bagshawe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968A Mechanism Relevant to the Failure of Immune Processes to Control Tumors.K. D. Bagshawe, M.D., G. A. Currie, M.D.K. D. Bagshawe, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. A. Currie, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1192_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is recognized that the rejection of allografts requires direct contact between target cells and host lymphocytes. Also, many tumors are antigenically distinct from the host's normal cells; yet, their antigenicity either fails to promote an immune response in the host, or if a response is provoked, it is inadequate to limit tumor growth.We have hypothesized that this failure is due to the high net negative surface charge exhibited by both tumor cells and lymphocytes and that Coulomb forces generated when these cells approach each other impede cell-to-cell contact and thereby inhibit both the recognition of cellular antigens and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1192-1192KeywordsAntigensCellsImmune responseLymphocytes Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Different reactivity and structure of the prestenotic and poststenotic aorta in human coarctation. Implications for baroreceptor function.
Authors: J Sehested, U Baandrup, E Mikkelsen
Journal: Circulation (1982)

In eight humans with coarctation, fresh aortic tissue was examined pharmacodynamically. In four of these patients, and in 12 additional patients, the aorta above and below the coarctation was studied morphologically and compared with eight control aortas. By in vitro stimulation with potassium (127 mM), noradrenaline (18 microM), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (28 microM), postcoarctational aortic ring preparations showed a significantly greater contractility than precoarctational rings (p less than 0.05). Volumetric analysis showed significantly more collagen (P less than 0.01) and les smooth muscle mass (p less than 0.01) in the aorta above than below the coarctation. No significant differences were found between sections from the arch and distal to the ligamentum arteriosum in the normal aortas. We conclude that the precoarctational aortic wall is more rigid than the postcoarctational wall. This may influence baroreceptors in the upper vascular bed in such a way as to tolerate a higher pressure. This would explain the preoperative proximal hypertension, the paradoxic hypertension and the frequent lack of normalization of blood pressure postoperatively.
NHS getsmore cash to modernise
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The health services in Britain broadly welcomed the Labour government's increased funding plans for the next three years, announced last week. Even though they may prove less generous than at first sight, they will underwrite many innovations in the NHS, including more doctors and nurses, a modernisation fund, and, in Scotland, a new concept of instant treatment centres.

The announcement comes as a result of the Treasury's year long comprehensive spending review--from which the NHS is to be the main beneficiary--after 14 months of relative parsimony by Labour. On 14 July the chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, announced an increase in health service funding totalling £21bn ($34bn) over three years from 1999--although the Conservatives claim to have detected an element of creative accounting and that the actual total is only £10.5bn.

What is not disputed is that health funding will beat inflation by an average of 3.7% a year throughout this parliament, compared with an average of …
CORRECTION OF IMPEDIMENTS OF SPEECH IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Authors: HARRY F. McBEATH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

There is no common ailment which I believe has received less consideration at the hands of the medical profession than that of stammering. The subject was given but small consideration up to the beginning of the nineteenth century, at which time it was seriously studied by Arnott, Columbat, and Schulthers. A little later came the period of surgical enthusiasm, originated by the work of Diffenbach. Through the efforts of Kussmaul, Gutsmann, and Wyllie the knowledge of the subject was placed on a sound scientific basis. Perhaps the most exhaustive study ever given the subject was by our own noted scientist, Prof. Alexander Melville Bell. To-day the question is kept alive by a limited number of men, foremost among whom may be mentioned Dr. G. Hudson-Makuen of Philadelphia and Dr. E. W. Scripture of Columbia University. The medical profession as a whole, however, has never given the subject the serious study
The future of vascular services: the need for a strategy
Authors: John H N Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

How big should an acute general surgical hospital be and what population should it serve? Patients want a local service, but technological advances, increasing expectations, and escalating costs make this difficult. Vascular surgery provides an important benchmark against which to judge the optimum size of acute surgical units.

Since the 1960s vascular surgery has been one of the most rapidly expanding specialties. Indeed in 1994-5, 25% of general surgical appointments requesting a special interest were for a vascular surgeon (the next most popular request was colorectal surgery, at 10%). Patient morbidity and mortality have been dramatically reduced by (expensive) improvements in anaesthetic and perioperative care. A better understanding of the widespread nature of the disease has led to close cooperation between surgeon, cardiologist, renal physician, and neurologist. Furthermore, interventional radiologists have …
Training in practice
Authors: M. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

shown by the experience of Dr John Paulley (20 November, p 1252) in the Ipswich District.Together with the more favoured Cambridge and Norwich Districts they combine to put the East Anglian Region on the national average.Annual differential incremental growth money, not money stolen from the London till, is surely the only real solution for the future.But we may have to await the restora- tion of the nation's finances by the International Monetary Fund and forward-looking politicians.Incidentally, have the favoured regions used their extra millions this year productively or has the money paid for infla- tion and junior doctor's pay awards ?Of course RAWP is right in wishing to equate resources with medical need.However, first they must define "need" and then show how to measure it.Then they may bring the Tablets down from the Mountain.
ANTIBACTERIAL MANAGEMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Paul S. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In a study not yet completed, our data at present indicate that at least 20% of all patients coming to autopsy at Wesley Memorial Hospital had gross or microscopic evidence of active or healed pyelonephritis. The condition was diagnosed ante mortem in only 6% of the cases. These figures are in agreement with those of other workers. 1 Such findings, together with our frequent inability permanently to control urinary tract infections, led to the present study, which is a critical evaluation of the problems in our own cases of the past 18 months.  Current medical literature abounds with enthusiastic reports of the efficacy of the antibiotics, sulfonamides, and sulfonamide mixtures in urinary tract infections. Immediate results with these new agents have prompted us to share this enthusiasm, but a careful review of our longterm observation has shown that favorable effects often are only temporary.  All patients on our own services
The 5-lipoxygenase pathway promotes pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia-dependent aortic aneurysm
Authors: Lei Zhao, Michael P W Moos, Rolf Gräbner, Frédérique Pédrono, Jinjin Fan, Brigitte Kaiser, Nicole John, Sandra Schmidt, Rainer Spanbroek, Katharina Lötzer, Li Huang, Jisong Cui, Daniel J Rader, Jilly F Evans, Andreas J R Habenicht, Colin D Funk
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Diagnosis of Arteriovenous Fistula By Thermography
Authors: Baikunth K. Singh
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Thermography is a relatively new, simple, fast, and noninvasive technique of measuring skin temperature photographically. So far as we know, thermography, as an aid in the diagnosis of arteriovenous (AV) fistula, has never been reported. In this case, thermography was helpful in confirming the diagnosis of congenital femoral AV fistula:  Report of a Case.—  A 59-year-old white woman noticed her right leg had been longer than the left since childhood. The patient denied a history of any preceding trauma or operative procedures but admitted easy fatigability of the right leg. Physical examination revealed the patient's blood pressure was 120/60 mm Hg, her right lower extremity was 2.54 cm longer than the left, and the circumference of her right thigh, 20 cm below the pubis, measured 0.318 cm greater than the corresponding thigh. Varicose veins of ischemic skin ulcers were not present. The right femoral artery pulse was
Change in pH of Infusion Solutions Upon Mixing With Blood
Authors: Howard C. Ansel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent communications by Lebowitz et al, "The pH and Acidity of Intravenous Infusion Solutions" (<b>215</b>:1937, 1971) and Mostert, "The pH and Osmolality of Intravenously Used Drugs" (<b>216</b>:1483, 1971) have prompted us to offer a portion of some of our recent work as testimony of the magnificent buffering capacity of human blood. Defibrinated blood and various commercially prepared intravenous infusion solutions were mixed in vitro in various blood:infusion solution ratios and the change in pH observedusing a recording pH meter. The accompanying Table of three typical examples shows that the presence of blood in proportions as small as 1:500 (by volume) resulted in the immediate buffering of the acid infusion solutions toward the pH of blood (pH 7.4) and that more blood increased the rate of pH change. Certainly in the dynamic circulatory system in which the relative volume of blood to administered drug