tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of systematic reviews of spinal manipulation
Authors: E Ernst, P H Canter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

ObjectivesTo systematically collate and evaluate the evidence from recent systematic reviews of clinical trials of spinal manipulation. DesignLiterature searches were carried out in four electronic databases for all systematic reviews of the effectiveness of spinal manipulation in any indication, published between 2000 and May 2005. Reviews were defined as systematic if they included an explicit and repeatable inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies. ResultsSixteen papers were included relating to the following conditions: back pain (n=3), neck pain (n=2), lower back pain and neck pain (n=1), headache (n=3), non-spinal pain (n=1), primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea (n=1), infantile colic (n=1), asthma (n=1), allergy (n=1), cervicogenic dizziness (n=1), and any medical problem (n=1). The conclusions of these reviews were largely negative, except for back pain where spinal manipulation was considered superior to sham manipulation but not better than conventional treatments. ConclusionsCollectively these data do not demonstrate that spinal manipulation is an effective intervention for any condition. Given the possibility of adverse effects, this review does not suggest that spinal manipulation is a recommendable treatment.
Morton's Medical Bibliography: An Annotated Check-List of Texts Illustrating the History of Medicine (Garrison and Morton)
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This is the basic reference work for all individuals and institutions with any level of interest in the history of medicine. The fifth edition, the first edited in the United States, contains 14% more entries and 24% more pages than its immediate predecessor, which appeared in 1983. "... changes include the finding of several earlier editions of landmark reports and descriptions..." <i>Morton's</i>is arranged by subject and lists chronologically the books and articles important to the development of each. Many of these entries are annotated, so the book is an educational tool as well as a selective bibliography. The content of the annotations varies, but a typical one will give the reason for the publication's importance, a bit about the author, and, if the original is in a foreign language, a reference to an English translation. This last aspect is one in which the fifth edition has greatly expanded over the
The Physics of Health Care Improvement
Authors: Rocco J. Perla
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethical Considerations in Listing Fetuses as Candidates for Neonatal Heart Transplantation
Authors: Marian G. Michaels
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SINCE Dr Christian Barnard performed the first adult heart transplant in 1967, this procedure has evolved into a lifesaving surgery for many people with end-stage cardiac function. The first efforts at neonatal heart transplantation were undertaken in 1967 and 1968.<sup>1,2</sup>Both of the infants died within a few hours, temporarily dampening enthusiasm for this procedure in the neonate. In the 1980s, with the advent of improved immunosuppression, solid-organ transplantation became a more feasible treatment for end-stage organ disorders, and interest in neonatal cardiac transplantation was renewed. In the United States, the number of cardiac transplants performed in children less than 1 year of age rose from two in 1984 to 82 in 1990.<sup>3</sup>By 1989, surgeons had performed pediatric cardiac transplantation in 61 centers.<sup>4</sup>Survival with 4 to 40 months of follow-up ranges between 63% and 84%.<sup>5-7</sup>Evaluations to date show normal growth and development of
GE-31 * DECONSTRUCTING TUMOR HETEROGENEITY THROUGH DIFFERENTIAL GENE COEXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF SERIAL SECTIONS (DGCASS)
Authors: S. Shelton, M. Oldham
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Gliomas are a common type of brain tumor accounting for ∼80% of malignant brain tumors. Low-grade gliomas have better prognosis than high-grade gliomas but inevitably recur at higher grades, highlighting the need for improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease progression. Recent advances in molecular profiling of tumors have raised hopes for the development of targeted therapeutics based on specific genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic patterns. However, these efforts are complicated by the highly heterogeneous nature of glioma and the fact that tumor classification can depend on sampling strategy. Therefore, it is important to develop new tools to assess the full extent of tumor heterogeneity in a systematic and unbiased manner. Here we present an approach for deconstructing tumor heterogeneity using common laboratory equipment called Differential Gene Coexpression Analysis of Serial Sections (DGCASS). DGCASS combines a novel sampling strategy of serial cryo-sections with unbiased gene coexpression analysis to reveal patterns of gene activity that are shared or unique within tissue samples. We apply DGCASS to a single grade II oligoastrocytoma and identify groups of genes whose expression patterns are highly correlated within the tumor but not within normal human brain samples. In parallel, we employ a combination of exome sequencing, amplicon deep-sequencing, and droplet-digital PCR to identify and quantify the frequencies of somatic mutations over serial sections of the same tumor sample, revealing the existence of distinct clonal populations within the tumor. We show that specific clonal populations are associated with specific aberrant patterns of gene activity within the tumor. Our results indicate that DGCASS is an effective strategy for identifying the transcriptional consequences of specific mutations (or combinations thereof) within a single tissue sample, and suggest a simple and generalizable approach for deconstructing heterogeneity in other solid tumors.
Synthetic vitamin A analogue (isotretinoin) awaiting approval for cystic acne therapy
Authors: C. Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Percy Ellis Thompson Hancock
Authors: Trevor Hudson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant physician Royal Free and Royal Marsden hospitals, London (b 1904; q Cambridge/St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1931; FRCP), d 8 Jan 2004.

Percy Thompson Hancock started as a registrar at the Royal Marsden in 1938. He was senior physician there in the 1950s and 1960s when chemotherapy emerged as a new treatment for cancer and he played a crucial part in the new developments. Percy was appointed the first director of clinical research at the hospital. He started the first well woman clinic to screen for breast cancer. He won the National Milk Challenge Trophy in 1952 with his pedigree Ayrshire cattle. Predeceased by his first wife, “Blue,” and his second wife, Laurie, he leaves two daughters.
A meta-analysis of phase III trials evaluating the predictive value of HER2 and topoisomerase II alpha in early breast cancer patients treated with CMF or anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy.
Authors: A Di Leo, J Isola, F Piette, B Ejlertsen, KI Pritchard, JM Bartlett, C Desmedt, D Larsimont, M Tanner, H Mouridsen, FP O'Malley, C Twelves, F Cardoso, CJ Poole, MJ Piccart, ME Buyse
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #705 Background: Retrospective studies have suggested that HER2 and topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) might predict sensitivity to anthracyclines (A)&amp;#x2028; Methods: Four phase III trials comparing A with CMF in early breast cancer (EBC) patients (pts), and with available primary tumor samples, were identified. HER2 and TOP2A genes were evaluated locally by FISH (amplification if ratio ≥ 2). Data were centralized at the statistical office (IDDI, Belgium). On-site visits were performed to check data quality and laboratory procedures. HER2 and TOP2A local scores were validated by submitting randomly selected samples to a central lab (CL) (University of Tampere – Finland), for a 3 color FISH test (HER2, TOP2A, centromere 17, Abbott Labs, IL, USA). Estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR) receptors, and grade (G) were evaluated locally (no score validation at the CL).&amp;#x2028; Results: We present the results of the planned interim analysis on 1944 pts. Final results (± 3500 pts) will be presented when tumor sample collection for the UK trial is complete. HER2 local scores were validated at the CL in 137 cases (discordance: 8/137, 5.8%). TOP2A local scores were validated in 123 cases (discordance 38/123, 30.8%). Half of the TOP2A discordant cases were locally deleted-centrally normal or vice versa.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; A planned exploratory analysis evaluated the TOP2A predictivity in 4 biologically homogeneous groups: highly or moderately hormone sensitive, HER2+ and ER/PgR negative, triple negative (TN). This analysis did not enhance the TOP2A predictivity in any of the 4 groups. In the TN group (294 pts), the DFS HR was 0.77 (0.54-1.09), suggesting that benefit from A might not be confined to HER2+ pts.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The interim analysis shows that HER2 and TOP2A have a clinically modest and a statistically borderline predictive value. In triple negative disease A may be superior to CMF.&amp;#x2028; Acknowledgments: Abbott Laboratories, Belgian Federation Against Cancer, Cancer Research UK, Les Amis de l'Institut Bordet, Pfizer, Scottish BC trials group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 705.
Biological Variation in HbA1c Predicts Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stuart A. Chalew, Robert J. McCarter, James M. Hempe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We appreciate the comments of Twomey et.al. (1) in regard to our recent article (2) about biological variation in HbA1c and its relationship to microvascular complications. They point out potential obstacles to the general use of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) by clinical practitioners. The best approach to calculating the HGI of individual patients from …
Silicone Gel Breast Implants-Reply
Authors: David A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Agnew that uncertainties about the safety of silicone gel breast implants make it impossible to provide women with adequate information about their risks. However, some risks have been established (eg, capsular contracture and ruptures do occur). This incidence of ruptures and their relationship to serious problems, such as autoimmune disease, are under intense investigation. Dr Kent and Dr Brody cite studies that they say show no relationship between silicone gel leaks and autoimmune disorders. At least some of those studies have been criticized for lacking sufficient power to definitively determine whether there is an increased incidence of autoimmune disease among women with implants. But rather than debate the merits of particular studies here, the critical point is that significant questions remain about risks associated with these devices. Under these circumstances, the FDA is not prepared to authorize their widespread use. We agree with Dr
The IL-8–Regulated Chemokine Receptor CXCR7 Stimulates EGFR Signaling to Promote Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Rajendra Kumar Singh, Bal L. Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The proinflammatory chemokine receptor CXCR7 that binds the ligands CXCL11 and CXCL12 (SDF-1a) is elevated in a variety of human cancers, but its functions are not understood as it does not elicit classical chemokine receptor signaling. Here we report that the procancerous cytokine IL-8 (interleukin-8) upregulates CXCR7 expression along with ligand-independent functions of CXCR7 that promote the growth and proliferation of human prostate cancer cells (CaP cells). In cell culture, ectopic expression or addition of IL-8 selectively increased expression of CXCR7 at the level of mRNA and protein production. Conversely, suppressing IL-8 signaling abolished the ability of IL-8 to upregulate CXCR7. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CXCR7 in CaP cells caused multiple antitumor effects, including decreased cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest in G(1) phase, and decreased expression of proteins involved in G(1) to S phase progression. In contrast, addition of the CXCR7 ligand SDF-1a and CXCL11 to CaP cells did not affect cell proliferation. Over expression of CXCR7 in normal prostate cells increased their proliferation in a manner associated with increased levels of phospho-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor; pY1110) and phospho-ERK1/2. Notably, coimmunoprecipitation studies established a physical association of CXCR7 with EGFR, linking CXCR7-mediated cell proliferation to EGFR activation. Consistent with these findings, CXCR7-depleted CaP tumors grew more slowly than control tumors, expressing decreased tumor-associated expression of VEGF, cyclin D1, and p-EGFR. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism of ligand-independent growth promotion by CXCR7 and its coregulation by the proinflammatory factor IL-8 in prostate cancer.
MicroRNAs Dysregulation in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Veronica Balatti, Stefania Maniero, Manuela Ferracin, Angelo Veronese, Massimo Negrini, Gloria Ferrocci, Fernanda Martini, Mauro G. Tognon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Assessing Ozone-Related Health Impacts under a Changing Climate
Authors: Kim Knowlton, Joyce E. Rosenthal, Christian Hogrefe, Barry Lynn, Stuart Gaffin, Richard Goldberg, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Kevin Civerolo, Jia-Yeong Ku, Patrick L. Kinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Climate change may increase the frequency and intensity of ozone episodes in future summers in the United States. However, only recently have models become available that can assess the impact of climate change on O3 concentrations and health effects at regional and local scales that are relevant to adaptive planning. We developed and applied an integrated modeling framework to assess potential O3-related health impacts in future decades under a changing climate. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Institute for Space Studies global climate model at 4 degrees x 5 degrees resolution was linked to the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model 5 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality atmospheric chemistry model at 36 km horizontal grid resolution to simulate hourly regional meteorology and O3 in five summers of the 2050s decade across the 31-county New York metropolitan region. We assessed changes in O3-related impacts on summer mortality resulting from climate change alone and with climate change superimposed on changes in O3 precursor emissions and population growth. Considering climate change alone, there was a median 4.5% increase in O3-related acute mortality across the 31 counties. Incorporating O3 precursor emission increases along with climate change yielded similar results. When population growth was factored into the projections, absolute impacts increased substantially. Counties with the highest percent increases in projected O3 mortality spread beyond the urban core into less densely populated suburban counties. This modeling framework provides a potentially useful new tool for assessing the health risks of climate change.
Delayed allergic skin reactions due to intralesional meglumine antimoniate therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: S. Córdoba, M. Gandolfo Cano, M. Aguado, M. Huerta‐Brogera, A. Romero, C. Martínez‐Morán, J. Borbujo
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background The pentavalent antimonials are considered the first‐choice drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis. Intralesional therapy is used to minimize the systemic effects of the drug. Methods Seventy patients were treated with weekly intralesional infiltrations of Glucantime ® (meglumine antimoniate) for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nine of them had infiltrated itchy erythematous and vesiculous plaques at the injection sites. Cutaneous tests were undertaken in eight patients. Results Prick tests were negative and seven of the eight patients showed positive intradermal tests with Glucantime ® dilutions reading at D2 and D4. Only one patient had positive patch test to Glucantime a.i. Local reactions at the site of injection have been briefly mentioned in some reported series of leishmaniasis treated with intralesional or intramuscular meglumine antimoniate but the mechanism has never been explained before. Conclusions We report the first series of patients with local reactions at the injection sites of meglumine antimoniate in whom type IV hypersensitivity could be involved.
Reply to V. Van Belle et al
Authors: Vincent Vinh-Hung, Helena M. Verkooijen, Gerald Fioretta, Georges Vlastos, Elisabetta Rapiti, Christine Bouchardy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We appreciate Van Belle et al’s valuable commenting report. Van Belle et al propose a different value for lymph node ratio (LNR) to estimate disease-free survival based on 686 patients with breast cancer with positive lymph nodes and a short follow-up. We previously demonstrated that in patients with breast cancer, even a 10-year follow-up may not be adequate to evaluate disease-free survival. Our study was based on 1,829 patients and a mean follow-up of 9 years extending up to 30 years. Yet, despite these caveats of small number of patients and short follow-up, Van Belle et al show that the LNR is a strong prognosticator with a hazard ratio for disease-free survival of 9.46. Furthermore, they show that the LNR supersedes the number of positive nodes, that categorization of the LNR causes minor loss of efficiency, and, elegantly using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic graphs, they show that the categorized LNR maintains its superiority over the pN classification. Van Belle et al propose 0.10 and 0.40 as the optimal pair of cutoffs for LNR classification, which disagrees with our LNR values of 0.20 and 0.65. Part of the explanation might be the different search procedures. We included a smoothing of the likelihood profiles before computing the minimal difference, whereas Van Belle et al did not. In summary, we are thankful to Van Belle et al for their commenting report which complements Woodward et al’s nodal ratio review with recent and homogeneous data, further establishing the importance of the LNR. However, the issue of optimal cutoffs remains open and will require a multi-institution study in order to reach a consensus.
Trends in Antimicrobial Drug Prescribing Among Office-Based Physicians in the United States
Authors: Linda F. McCaig
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess changes in oral antimicrobial drug prescribing by office-based physicians from 1980 through 1992, with emphasis on the treatment of otitis media and sinusitis and on the possible impact of demographic variables on such use.The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a sample survey of office-based physicians in the United States conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Physicians' offices.Physicians sampled for the 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1992 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, which included groups of 2959, 5032, 2540, and 3000 physicians, respectively. Sample physicians responding in 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1992 reported data for 46,081, 71,594, 38,384, and 34,606 sample office visits, respectively, including information on antimicrobial drug prescribing.Trends in the antimicrobial drug prescription rates.From 1980 through 1992, increasing prescribing measured by the annual drug prescription rate per 1000 population, was found for the more expensive, broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs, such as the cephalosporins; decreasing rates were observed for less expensive antimicrobial drugs with a narrower spectrum, such as the penicillins. No trend was found for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the erythromycins, or the tetracyclines. During the decade, an increasing trend in the visit rate to office-based physicians for otitis media was observed, while the visit rate for sinusitis among adults was found to be higher in 1992 than in each of the other study years.The increased use of broader-spectrum and more expensive antimicrobial drugs have implications for all patients because of the impact on health care costs and the potential for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The data suggest that the incidence of otitis media and sinusitis is increasing.