tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart. 'Zigzag' course of activation.
Authors: J M de Bakker, F J van Capelle, M J Janse, S Tasseron, J T Vermeulen, N de Jonge, J R Lahpor
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Ventricular tachycardias occurring in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction are caused by reentry. Areas of slow conduction, facilitating reentry, are often found in the infarcted zone. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of slow conduction in the chronic infarcted human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Spread of activation was studied in infarcted papillary muscles from hearts of patients who underwent heart transplantation because of infarction. Recordings were carried out on 10 papillary muscles that were superfused in a tissue bath. High-resolution mapping was performed in areas revealing slow conduction. Activation delay between sites perpendicular to the fiber direction and 1.4 mm apart could be as long as 45 milliseconds. Analysis of activation times revealed that activation spread in tracts parallel to the fiber direction. Conduction velocity in the tracts was between 0.6 and 1 m/s. Although tracts were separated from each other over distances up to 8 mm, they often connected with each other at one or more sites, forming a complex network of connected tracts. In this network, wave fronts could travel perpendicular to the fiber direction. Separation of tracts was due to collagenous septa. At sites where tracts were interconnected, the collagenous barriers were interrupted. CONCLUSIONS Slow conduction perpendicular to the fiber direction in infarcted myocardial tissue is caused by a "zigzag" course of activation at high speed. Activation proceeds along pathways lengthened by branching and merging bundles of surviving myocytes ensheathed by collagenous septa.
Myeloid Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy: What Is the Appropriate Use of Filgrastim?
Authors: Gianluigi Ferretti, Massimo Lopez, Edmondo Terzoli, Enrico Cortesi, Mauro Antimi, Paolo Marolla, Diana Giannarelli, Francesco Cognetti, Paola Papaldo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)
Endoscopic Management of Biliary Hydatid Disease: Report on Six Cases
Authors: M. A. Al Karawi, M. I. Yasawy, A. R. El Shiekh Mohamed
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Six patients with a ruptured Echinococcus liver cyst were treated by means of endoscopy. The treatment consisted of endoscopic sphincterotomy, cyst material extraction and hypotonic saline lavage via a nasobiliary catheter. In five patients successful complete endoscopic treatment was achieved, including removal of daughter cysts. In the sixth patient only partial treatment could be performed with clearance of daughter cysts since there was no communication with the main liver cyst. Follow-up ultrasonography, CT and ERCP in all patients showed complete cure and no evidence of disease recurrence in five of them. The sixth patient required surgery one month after endoscopic treatment of the acute biliary obstruction.
156 REGIONAL PREVALENCE OF IL28B SNPS RS8099917&amp;RS12979860 IN GENERAL POPULATION AND IN A COHORT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES PATIENTS
Authors: M. Vassilev, R. Balabanska, S. Andonova, S. Bichev, A. Tzvetanska, R. Tzonev, N. Yourukova, J. Vassileva, L. Spassov, V. Zlatkov, A. Savov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Humane Treatment and the Treatment of Humans
Authors: John Lachs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

When should we treat patients and under what circumstances should we refuse them treatment? In the last 10 years there has been a tendency to think of these issues as ethical problems. It is not that physicians failed to think in value terms or failed to make conscientious decisions about treatment before then. Such problems stare nurses and physicians in the face daily, and, on the whole, decisions have always been made on the basis of habit or intuition in a way that was serious and humane. But lately the process of decision making has become more explicit. Critical attention . . .
Fertility and pregnancy in patients below the age of 35 following chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Authors: D Katz, T Hamburger, L Divinsky, M Temper, I Ospovat, A Salah, D Galinsky, T Peretz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6148 Background&amp;#x2028; Counseling young breast cancer patients regarding the chances of conception following chemotherapy is a subject of great importance. Previous studies have reported a 50-70% rate of amenorrhea following standard breast cancer chemotherapy and very low rates of pregnancy. However a uniform definition of infertility is lacking and as a result many studies reported results observed in pre-menopausal women as a whole without specific analysis and separation according to age. In this retrospective, single institution study, we examined resumption of menses and pregnancy rates in young breast cancer patients who had received chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; We identified 193 breast cancer patients aged 35 years or younger diagnosed at a single institution between 1996 and 2004. All patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and had completed at least 1 year of follow-up without evidence of recurrence were included in the study.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Forty seven patients met the eligibility criteria. The mean time of follow-up was 69 months (range, 12-124 mos.). The mean age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 19-34 yrs). Chemotherapy consisted of Adriamycin based protocols in 29 cases and CMF (Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil) in 18 cases. GnRH agonists were administered to 28 (61%) of patients for at least two years. All patients had regular menses prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. Three patients continued to receive regular injections with a GnRH agonist beyond two years, one patient underwent oophorectomy, two patients developed amenorrhea whilst 35 patients (35/37 95%) resumed menses subsequent to chemotherapy. Information regarding menstruation was lacking for six patients. Sixteen patients (16/37 43%) gave birth to at least one child after menses resumed at a mean age of 35 years (range, 28-41yrs).&amp;#x2028; Discussion&amp;#x2028; Standard chemotherapy protocols in breast cancer patients under the age of 35 do not preclude fertility preservation and pregnancy. However, not all young breast cancer survivors wish to become pregnant following treatment and therefore the actual rate of fertility is in fact higher than those recorded. Further prospective studies which incorporate documentation regarding patient's desire for future pregnancies need to be undertaken in order to better advise young patients with respect to their individual chances of conceiving following chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6148.
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Characterization of a mutant in a patient with gout.
Authors: I H Fox, I L Dwosh, P J Marchant, S Lacroix, M R Moore, S Omura, V Wyhofsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The mutation in a young gouty male with a partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase has been evaluated. The serum uric acid was 11.8 mg/100 ml, and the urinary uric acid excretion was 1,279 mg/24 h. Erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase was 34.2 nmol/h/mg, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was 36.5 nmol/h/mg and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate was 2.6 muM. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from peripheral leukocytes and cultured diploid skin fibroblasts was within the normal range, but enzyme activity in rectal mucosa was below the normal range. Initial velocity studies of the normal enzyme and the mutant enzyme from erythrocytes with the substrates hypoxanthine, guanine, or phosphoribosylpyrophosphate showed that the Michaelis constants were similar. Product inhibition studies distinguished the mutant enzyme from the normal enzyme. Hyperbolic kinetics with increasing phosphoribosylpyrophosphate were converted to sigmoid kinetics by 0.2 mM GMP with the mutant enzyme but not with the normal enzyme. The mutant erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase was inactivated normally at 80 degrees C and had a normal half-life in the peripheral circulation. The mol wt of 48,000 was similar to the normal enzyme mol wt of 47,000. With isoelectric focusing, the mutant erythrocyte enzyme had two major peaks with isoelectric pH's of 5.50 and 5.70, in contrast to the isoelectric pH's of 5.76, 5.82, and 6.02 of the normal isozymes. Isoelectric focusing of leukocyte extracts from the patient revealed the presence of the mutant enzyme. Cultured diploid fibroblasts from the propositus appeared to function normally, as shown by the inability to grow in 50-100 muM azaguanine and by the normal incorporation of [14C]hypoxanthine into nucleic acid. In contrast, erythrocytes from the patient displayed abnormal properties, including the increased synthesis of phosphoribosylphyrophosphate and elevated functional activity of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylic decarboxylase. These unique kinetic, physical, and functional properties provide support for heterogeneous structural gene mutations in partial deficiencies of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.
Contribution of low level HBV replication to continuing inflammatory activity in patients with anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Authors: A S Lok, S J Hadziyannis, I V Weller, M G Karvountzis, J Monjardino, P Karayiannis, L Montano, H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1984)

The relationship between the histological diagnosis and serological and tissue markers of HBV replication in 41 Greek and 29 British patients with chronic HBV infection were studied. All the nine Greek and 13 British patients who were HBeAg positive had HBV-DNA in serum and HBcAg expression in the hepatocytes. The majority (73%) of these patients had active liver disease. Forty seven per cent of the Greek and 19% of the British patients who were anti-HBe positive continued to display HBcAg in the liver with or without HBV-DNA detected in serum. All but three of these patients had persistently active liver disease. Continuing inflammatory activity in the liver, however, was also found in 31% of anti-HBe positive patients who had no evidence of HBV replication. In these patients, other factors such as delta agent, NANB viruses, alcohol abuse or an autoimmune reaction initiated by HBV may be contributory.
Coexpression of the T-cell receptor constant α domain triggers tumor reactivity of single-chain TCR-transduced human T cells
Authors: Ralf-Holger Voss, Simone Thomas, Christina Pfirschke, Beate Hauptrock, Sebastian Klobuch, Jürgen Kuball, Margarete Grabowski, Renate Engel, Philippe Guillaume, Pedro Romero, Christoph Huber, Philipp Beckhove, Matthias Theobald
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hypothyroidism Secondary to Tolbutamide
Authors: Guy Lacy Schless
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The goitrogenic effect of prolonged sulfonylurea therapy in some diabetic patients recently has been reported.<sup>1</sup>The incidence of hypothyroidism induced by sulfonylureas was dependent on duration of treatment rather than dosage, increasing from 8% at six months to 20% after five years of drug therapy. Symptoms of lethargy and cold intolerance usually diminished after discontinuing the sulfonylureas with previously low tests of thyroid function returning towards normal. Appreciation of this possible drug-induced form of hypothyroidism is of clinical importance since increasing weight in the adult-onset diabetic patient will further complicate proper control of the disease. <h3>Case Report:—</h3> A 58 year-old white man, weight 183 lb, height 68 inches, was a diabetic of ten years' duration. Dietary measures had resulted in good control and his weight had remained stable for a period of more than one year. An office visit on March 5, 1965, revealed the postprandial
THE ADRENALIN INDEX OF THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: V. P. W. Sydenstricker, B. J. Delatour, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

The adrenalin index as used in this paper means the amount of adrenalin in milligrams per gram of gland. As in our hands the chemical colorimetric method has proved more accurate, these values rather than the physiological values will be given in the final analysis. The two adrenal glands in the same individual as a rule contain about the same amount of adrenalin per gram, but variations of 10 to 20 per cent. are not unusual. Normal dogs show an index which may vary from 1.2 to 1.8 milligrams. The dogs were killed by short ether anesthesia and bleeding from the carotid. Normal human beings, dying from trauma, rupture of aneurysm, etc., show an index of 0.35 to 0.50 of a milligram, when autopsy takes place a few hours after death. Deterioration of uncut glands or of a gland hash kept on ice in the dark is not rapid and rarely exceeds 10 per cent. in twenty-four hours. Acute intoxication in dogs shows a low adrenalin index, especially the intoxication associated with intestinal obstruction and the closed intestinal loop. Intravenous injection of the poison found in closed duodenal loops sufficient to cause fatal shock causes a great drop in the adrenalin index, at times to one fourth normal or even lower. After recovery from a sublethal toxic dose the adrenalin index may rise rapidly to a point considerably above normal. The same may hold for recovery after chloroform poisoning. Anesthesia by chloroform or ether causes a drop in the adrenalin index depending upon the length of anesthesia and probably in part on the depth of anesthesia. Liver poisons (chloroform, phosphorus, hydrazine) cause a drop in the adrenal index to a low level, perhaps one half normal in acute cases. Pancreas extirpation with prolonged glycosuria and death produces a great drop in the adrenalin index (cat). There is evidence that this may hold in some cases of human diabetes. In man disease of one adrenal (tuberculosis) may be associated with an adrenalin index of double the normal value in the intact adrenal. Pernicious anemia is the only disease so far found to present an abnormally high adrenalin index, and the single case shows an index at least twice normal. This is of interest especially in relation to the views recently put forward to indicate that the spleen and adrenal may be concerned in the lipoid metabolism which is thought to be profoundly disturbed in this disease. Secondary anemia due to repeated hemorrhage or the intoxication of cancer or tuberculosis causes a fall in the adrenalin index. Cachexia due to neoplasm or tuberculosis may cause a marked fall in the adrenalin index, perhaps to less than one half of normal. Acute infections (typhoid fever), septicemia, peritonitis, and similar conditions may be associated with a normal adrenalin index or one somewhat below normal. Diseases of the kidneys, heart, or blood vessels associated with elevated blood pressure show no constant variation in the adrenalin index, which may be normal or slightly subnormal.
Antihistamines and the Ovum
Authors: M. C. Shelesnyak
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BmDIC ¶sHand a small outbreak was recorded in Bristol in 1961 2 A week ago two cases were seen in Bristol, and within the last ten days at least 20 cases have occurred in a small area of Buckinghamshire.A very similar outbreak has occurred in Swindon involving about the same numbers.Recent observations suggest that some patients in these outbreaks may only suffer from mouth ulcers, and this fact and the mildness of the condition may not cause it to be recognized immediately.It seems, however, that the disease may well be occurring in many different parts of the country, and it would be of interest to hear of further outbreaks that have occurred.-Weare, etc.,
Adult (Not Internal) Medicine
Authors: David Sokol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Adult (Not Internal) MedicineDavid Sokol, MDDavid Sokol, MDThe Medical Center at Princeton; Princeton, NJ 08540Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:When I came across the term adultist in Dr. Goldman's recent editorial [1], I could not help but think that it sounded awfully close to adulterer. In these times of increasing difficulty in maintaining loyalty to our profession and patients, I think that internists should avoid any association, intentional or otherwise, with infidelity. I guess that means that a commercial sponsor for a symposium to rename internal medicine at the next American College of Physician meeting is out. In any case, I sincerely believe that we and our patients are better off if we continue to define ...References1. Goldman L. Adult (not internal) medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:835-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Medical Center at Princeton; Princeton, NJ 08540 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPatient perceptions of the capabilities of internists: a multi-center survey11The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and not to be construed as official policy of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the Department of Veterans Affairs. 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 957-958 Issue Published: 1 June 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Airway function and markers of airway inflammation in patients with treated hypothyroidism
Authors: S S Birring
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> There is increasing evidence of an association between organ specific autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease and respiratory morbidity. A study was undertaken to determine whether patients with autoimmune thyroid disease have objective evidence of airway inflammation and dysfunction. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty six non-smoking women with treated hypothyroidism and 19 non-smoking controls completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent full lung function tests, capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity measurement, methacholine challenge test, and sputum induction over two visits. <b>Results:</b> Symptoms of cough (p = 0.01), dyspnoea (p = 0.01), sputum production (p = 0.004), and wheeze (p = 0.04) were reported more commonly in patients than controls. Patients with hypothyroidism had heightened cough reflex sensitivity compared with controls (geometric mean concentration of capsaicin causing five coughs: 40 <i>v</i> 108 mmol/l; mean difference 1.4 doubling doses; 95% confidence interval of difference 0.4 to 2.5; p = 0.008) and a significantly higher proportion of patients had airway hyperresponsiveness (methacholine provocative concentration (PC<sub>20</sub>) &lt;8 mg/ml: 38% <i>v</i> 0%; p = 0.016). Patients with hypothyroidism also had a significantly higher induced sputum total neutrophil cell count (p = 0.01), total lymphocyte count (p = 0.02), and sputum supernatant interleukin-8 concentrations (p = 0.048). <b>Conclusion:</b> Patients with treated hypothyroidism report more respiratory symptoms and have objective evidence of airway dysfunction and inflammation.
Expanding and Understanding Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Terence M. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Hoeg<sup>1</sup>omitted one of the most important risk factors for all cardiovascular diseases, CHD included. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is today's sleeping giant. The incidence of OSA is reported at 25% among middle-aged men and 9% among middle-aged women.<sup>2</sup>Obstructive sleep apnea has a high correlation with obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and congestive heart failure. Separating OSA as an independent risk factor is difficult, but studies are under way. In the meantime, physicians must learn to diagnose and treat OSA, not only to improve their patients' general well-being, but also to help reduce coronary artery disease risk.
Site-to-Site Variation of Synonymous Substitution Rates
Authors: Sergei Kosakovsky Pond, Spencer V. Muse
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

We develop a new model for studying the molecular evolution of protein-coding DNA sequences. In contrast to existing models, we incorporate the potential for site-to-site heterogeneity of both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates. We demonstrate that within-gene heterogeneity of synonymous substitution rates appears to be common. Using the new family of models, we investigate the utility of a variety of new statistical inference procedures, and we pay particular attention to issues surrounding the detection of sites undergoing positive selection. We discuss how failure to model synonymous rate variation in the model can lead to misidentification of sites as positively selected.
Intracoronary thrombectomy improves myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing direct angioplasty: A single-center randomized study
Authors: Massimo Napodano, Bernhard Reimers, Giampaolo Pasquetto, Salvatore Saccà, Carlo Cernetti, Ibano Dell'Olivo, Pietro Pascotto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 4895: Tagging endogenous genes with fluorescent reporters using CompoZr® zinc finger nuclease technology
Authors: Hongyi Zhang, Fan Zhang, Nathan Zenser, Deborah L. Vassar, Dmitry Malkov, Gary Davis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are a class of engineered DNA-binding proteins that facilitate targeted editing of the genome by creating double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA at desired locations. DSBs are important for site-specific mutagenesis in that they stimulate the cell's natural DNA-repair processes, namely homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The formation of a DSB increases the rate of HR by a thousand fold between a specific genomic target and a donor plasmid in somatic cells. Sigma-Aldrich CompoZr® ZFN technology is a useful tool to create site specific mutations, and to generate knock-in and knockout model lines for academic and clinical research. By this approach, we tagged an oncogene, several cytoskeletal genes and a chromatin gene by integrating a fluorescent protein sequence into the desired location (at the sequences encoding either N-terminus or C-terminus of the target protein) in the genome. The integration resulted in endogenous expression of the corresponding fusion proteins (green, red, or blue) that shows their native characteristic pattern. The following five loci were tagged: ERBB2/HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, plasma membrane), TUBA1B (α-tubulin 1b, microtubule), ACTB (β-actin, actin stress fibers), LMNB1 (lamin B1, nuclear envelope) and HMGA1 (high mobility group AT-hook 1, nucleus). Single cell clones were isolated in SKOV3, U2OS, and MCF10 cells with one copy of a given gene tagged. Multiplexing was demonstrated by labeling different genes in the same cell line as well as different alleles of the same gene. We demonstrate that ZFN mediated gene tagging is an efficient way to generate knock-in cell lines to report endogenous gene expression. It provides the basis for development of various high content screening (HCS) assays for compound screening where target gene regulation and corresponding protein function are preserved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4895. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4895