tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmacology of Aggression
Authors: J. Raymond DePaulo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This small volume, sponsored by the British Association for Psychopharmacology, consists of 17 chapters from departments of ethology, pharmacology, neurosurgery, psychology, and psychiatry, among others. The chapters address the forms of aggressive behavior in humans and lower animals, the neuropharmacologic and endocrine aspects of aggressive behavior, clinical approaches to aggressive behavior, and some social aspects of human aggression. The initial chapters concerned with aggressive behavior in animals and its pharmacologic bases are uniformly well written and informative. The chapter "The Ethology of Aggression" by P. J. B. Slater is a particularly valuable primer on the classification, causation, and functions of aggression. The following eight chapters, which describe the neuropharmacology and endocrinology of aggression, are informative but redundant. Delini-Stula and Vassouts's conclusion that "there is no common mechanism for all types of aggressivity" accurately reflects the substance of the reports included in this section. Particular types of aggressivity are associated with
Primary Tuberculosis from the Far East
Authors: William W. Stead, Joseph H. Bates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A case of tuberculosis is described which appears to have been the result of infection acquired while a soldier was serving in the Far East. Two secondary cases are described and the evidence presented that they represented infection acquired from this soldier after his return to civilian life. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from two of the three patients was of phage type A, which is the predominant type in the Orient. The clinical evidence indicated that the two secondary cases represented progressive primary infection that corresponded in time to the exposure of these patients to the veteran while his disease was developing and progressing. The implications for the public health and efforts at eradication of tuberculosis in the United States are discussed.
DETECTION OF SIMULTANEOUS ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN PLASMA CELLS AND SPECIALIZED LYMPHOCYTES IN RABBIT LYMPH NODES
Authors: Stratis Avrameas, Elizabeth H. Leduc
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Antibody to horseradish peroxidase was localized by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in cells of the popliteal lymph nodes of the rabbit after a single injection of antigen with complete Freund's adjuvant and after a second antigen administration. Synthesis of antibody, chiefly of 7S type, occurred simultaneously in two types of cells: large, clear, fixed, typical plasma cells, and small, dense, circulating cells which exhibit morphological characteristics of both small lymphocytes and plasma cells. We call the latter "lymphoplasmacytes" and propose that they arise from small lymphocytes. They secrete antibody by clasmatosis and continue to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum after specific antibody synthesis ceases. In the presence of an additional antigenic stimulation, a second cycle of antibody synthesis may begin around the nucleus in the same cell, with antibody accumulating in the perinuclear space sometimes even before the previously synthesized antibody has been entirely secreted at the cell periphery. On this basis, we propose that the lymphoplasmacyte is a memory cell and that memory and antibody synthesis are two different activities of the same cell. The appearance of a small amount of 19S antibody may be correlated with the presence of a small number of antibody-containing, large lymphocytes.
On Writing: First Steps
Authors: J. Baillie
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

This is the first in a series of articles on medical writing and publishing. Although intended primarily for trainees and others who are just starting out on the publishing trail, hopefully these articles will provide more experienced writers with ”food for thought”, too. For the beginner, the very idea of developing a project, executing it then writing up the results for presentation at a medical meeting or publication in a peer-reviewed journal is daunting. Without doubt, a significant ”potential energy barrier” must be overcome before one’s writings appear in print. Some find the challenge too daunting, and never try. Which is a great pity! To paraphrase an Ancient Chinese saying: ”If you don’t take the first step, the journey will never be completed.” Everyone has to start somewhere. In this series of articles, you will be taken through the process step-by-step. Believe me, writing well is humanly possible! Hopefully, you will be convinced that writing for presentation and publication is a challenge worth meeting, and a lot of fun as well.
Life-Threatening Poliomyelitis
Authors: B. G. Ferris, P. A. M. Auld, L. Cronkhite, H. J. Kaufmann, R. B. Kearsley, M. Prizer, L. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE poliomyelitis epidemic in Boston in 1955 offered an opportunity to study the mortality and morbidity of the life-threatening form of the disease. The life-threatening type was selected for study to compare the treatment of such patients by means of tank respirators and few tracheotomies with the results obtained in Copenhagen in 1952, when endotracheal tubes were routinely used and patients' lungs were ventilated with pressures above atmospheric.1 The patients in this study were followed only during the initial stay in the hospital and up to a maximum of two years. It was believed that such a study would permit . . .
First five polyclinics in London will open by spring 2009
Authors: A. Razaaq
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The first five polyclinics in London will open as early as next spring, NHS London has announced. The pilot clinics, earmarked for some of the most deprived areas of the city, will bring together GPs and other health and social care professionals to provide integrated services under one roof.

The five polyclinics are set to open in the London boroughs of Lambeth, Redbridge, Waltham Forest, Hounslow, and Harrow. All 31 primary care trusts in London are now developing plans to …
THE HYPOPHYSEAL GONADOTROPIC HORMONES
Authors: PHILIP E. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The discovery in 1926-1927 that the anterior pituitary gland secreted a substance essential to the functioning of the gonads has been followed by many investigations, which have greatly extended the knowledge of the pituitary-gonad interrelationship. I do not wish to give the impression that important work in this field had not been done prior to 1926-1927. The observations published here and abroad at that time were only a final demonstration of the important role played by the anterior hypophysis in reproduction. More than twenty years ago dishing and his co-workers<sup>1</sup>and Aschner<sup>2</sup>had demonstrated that hypophysectomy caused an atrophy of the reproductive system. By partial gonadectomies, parabioses and the like it had also been shown that some extragonadal factor was essential to gonadal function. Evans and Long<sup>3</sup>had secured excessive luteinization of the ovaries in normal rats by the injection of anterior lobe extracts.
Alterations in the Circulatory Response to Exercise Following a Meal and Their Relationship to Postprandial Angina Pectoris
Authors: ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, DAVID R. REDWOOD, DOUGLAS R. ROSING, G. DAVID BEISER, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

In order to study the mechanisms responsible for the more rapid precipitation of angina in the postprandial state, we evaluated the circulatory response to upright bicycle exercise in 12 patients with angina before and after a meal. Eleven of 12 subjects developed angina sooner after eating (average 1.3 min, P &lt; 0.001). Comparison of circulatory responses revealed that a given amount of postprandial exercise resulted in faster heart rate (12 beats/min, P &lt; 0.001) and greater blood pressure (6 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05). The product of blood pressure and heart rate (an index of myocardial oxygen demand) at onset of angina during postprandial exercise was the same as corresponding preprandial values. Our results suggest that the accelerated development of angina during exercise after meals is primarily due to a more rapid rise in heart rate and blood pressure, factors tending to augment myocardial oxygen requirements, rather than the result of a deleterious effect of digestion and absorption on myocardial oxygen delivery.
The editor regrets
Authors: A G Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

After the property catastrophe losses of 1992 (Hurricane Andrew), 2001 (9/11-World Trade Center), and 2005 (Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma), capital of existing reinsurers was depleted and had to be replaced, and the typical response was to issue new equity and to raise premiums. Increased premiums attract new, or “clean sheet,” reinsurance companies. In 1992, along with a host of new traditional reinsurers, new competition came into the market in the form of direct absorption of reinsurance risk by the capital markets via the issuance of insurance-linked securities and derivatives. The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast capital markets reinsurance with traditional reinsurance mechanisms. Capital markets reinsurance behaves similarly to traditional markets in many ways including underwriting and peril composition, pricing, and non-price behavior. For reasons such as higher balance sheet leverage and more liberal investment guidelines, the traditional reinsurance market enjoys a higher return on capital, but that does not mitigate the important and growing role of capital markets reinsurance. Ironically, such a rate-of-return comparison is made possible largely by the transparency of the insurance-linked securities market. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, technical analysis
David Servan-Schreiber
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has historically been one of the most useful tools of immunologists. Essentially comprised of dead mycobacteria and mineral oil, we asked ourselves what is special about the mycobacterial part of this adjuvant, and could it be recapitulated synthetically? Here, we demonstrate the essentiality of <i>N</i>-glycolylated peptidoglycan plus trehalose dimycolate (both unique in mycobacteria) for the complete adjuvant effect using knockouts and chemical complementation. A combination of synthetic <i>N</i>-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide and minimal trehalose dimycolate motif GlcC14C18 was able to induce experimental autoimmunity qualitatively similar to the whole mycobacteria in CFA. This research outlines how to replace CFA with a consistent, molecularly defined adjuvant which may inform the design of immunotherapeutic agents and vaccines benefitting from cell-mediated immunity. We also anticipate using synthetic microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to study mycobacterial immunity and immunopathogenesis.
Computer Recognition of Regional Lung Disease Patterns
Authors: RENUKA UPPALURI, ERIC A. HOFFMAN, MILAN SONKA, PATRICK G. HARTLEY, GARY W. HUNNINGHAKE, GEOFFREY McLENNAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We have developed an objective, reproducible, and automated means for the regional evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma from computed tomography (CT) scans. This method, known as the Adaptive Multiple Feature Method (AMFM) assesses as many as 22 independent texture features in order to classify a tissue pattern. In this study, the six tissue patterns characterized were: honeycombing, ground glass, bronchovascular, nodular, emphysemalike, and normal. The lung slices were evaluated regionally using 31 × 31 pixel regions of interest. In each region of interest, an optimal subset of texture features was evaluated to determine which of the six patterns the region could be characterized as. The computer output was validated against experienced observers in three settings. In the first two readings, when the observers were blinded to the primary diagnosis of the subject, the average computer versus observer agreement was 44.4 ± 8.7% and 47.3 ± 9.0%, respectively. The average interobserver agreement for the same two readings were 48.8 ± 9.1% and 52.2 ± 10.0%, respectively. In the third reading, when the observers were provided the primary diagnosis, the average computer versus observer agreement was 51.7 ± 2.9% where as the average interobserver agreement was 53.9 ± 6.2%. The kappa statistic of agreement between the regions, for which the majority of the observers agreed on a pattern type, versus the computer was found to be 0.62. For regional tissue characterization, the AMFM is 100% reproducible and performs as well as experienced human observers who have been told the patient diagnosis.
PNEUMONITIS DUE TO CHEMICAL IRRITANTS
Authors: G. J. Stopps
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Since the introduction of the antiinflammatory steroids there have been sporadic reports of their use in patients with pulmonary edema arising from the inhalation of chemical irritants (Prosad, B. N.:<i>Arch. internat, pharmacodyn.</i>[pt. 2]<b>114:</b>146 [March 1] 1958). These reports suggest that the steroids are useful and even life-saving in patients who have inhaled chlorine (Holmes, G.: Personal communication to the author), oxides of nitrogen (Lachnit, von. V.:<i>Zentralb. Arbeitsmed. u. Arbeitsschutz</i><b>8:</b>177 [Aug.] 1958), crude oil (Graham, J. R.:<i>Tr. Am. Clin. &amp; Climatol.</i>A.<b>67:</b>104, 1955), and stomach contents (Marshall, B. M., and Gordon, R. A.:<i>Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J.</i><b>5:</b>438 [Oct.] 1958), but because of the small number of cases, it is not yet possible to recommend steroid therapy as a routine form of therapy for such patients. In order to correctly evaluate this method of treatment, it is
A RECTAL PLUG. FOR SENN'S METHOD OF INSUFFLATION OF HYDROGEN GAS.
Authors: A. H. MEISENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1888)

In repeating Dr. Senn's experiments, of insufflation per rectum of hydrogen gas, I found considerable difficulty at times, to prevent the gas from escaping out of the rectum, using the ordinary syringe tip. I found this to be the case in experimenting on dogs, and also on the human cadaver. Dr. Senn recommends in his paper on "Insufflation of Hydrogen Gas per Rectum," etc., that "an assistant hold the margin of the rectum around the syringe tip." In order to obviate the inconveniences of an ordinary syringe tip, and do away with the need of an assistant in controlling the margin of the rectum, I devised the herein described rectal plug. This plug has given great satisfaction, having used it in applying Senn's test in four cases of gunshot wounds of the abdomen which were brought to the City Hospital, and in a case of obstruction of the bowel due
The myth of language universals and the myth of universal grammar
Authors: Morten H. Christiansen, Nick Chater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Evans &amp; Levinson (E&amp;L) argue that language universals are a myth. Christiansen and Chater (2008) have recently suggested that innate universal grammar is also a myth. This commentary explores the connection between these two theses, and draws wider implications for the cognitive science of language.
Florbetapir-PET Imaging and Postmortem β-Amyloid Pathology
Authors: Michael Carome, Sidney Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sleep Apnea Linked to Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluconazole and phenytoin: a predictable interaction.
Authors: A. S. Mitchell, J. T. Holland
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Many reports document a variety of neurological complications resulting from both intravenous and intrathecal administration of methotrexate, but acute cerebral oedema is not among them.We describe a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia who developed cerebral oedema after treatment with intrathecal methotrexate.A 23 year old Jamaican woman was admitted with a diagnosis of acute pnyeloid leukaemia (M3).
Charities and patient groups should declare interests
Authors: J. Hirst
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Lenzer's news item on lay campaigners for prostate screening being funded by industry is timely.1 This serious issue of undeclared interests in commercial funding of charitable and lay organisations without apparent conflicts has recently been highlighted by both the Insulin Dependent Diabetes Trust and the Consumers Association.2 3

The pharmaceutical …
Systematic Review: <scp>d</scp>-Dimer to Predict Recurrent Disease after Stopping Anticoagulant Therapy for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Madeleine Verhovsek, James D. Douketis, Qilong Yi, Sanjay Shrivastava, R. Campbell Tait, Trevor Baglin, Daniela Poli, Wendy Lim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: The optimal duration of anticoagulation for a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain. Methods for predicting risk for recurrence may identify low-risk patients who are less likely to benefit from prolonged anticoagulation. Purpose: To synthesize evidence evaluating the value of d-dimer as a predictor of recurrent disease in patients who have stopped anticoagulant therapy after a first unprovoked VTE. Data Sources: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched until March 2008 without language restrictions. The strategy was supplemented with manual review of reference lists and contact with content experts. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials or prospective cohort studies that measured d-dimer after anticoagulant therapy in patients who received at least 3 months of anticoagulant treatment of unprovoked VTE. Data Extraction: Two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Data Synthesis: Seven studies, totaling 1888 patients with a first unprovoked VTE, were eligible for analysis. During 4500 person-years of follow up, annual rates of recurrent VTE differed statistically significantly: 8.9% (95% CI, 5.8% to 11.9%) in patients with positive d-dimer results and 3.5% (CI, 2.7% to 4.3%) in patients with negative d-dimer results. Limitation: The duration of anticoagulation, timing of d-dimer testing, and d-dimer assay varied across studies. Conclusion: In patients who have completed at least 3 months of anticoagulation for a first episode of unprovoked VTE and after approximately 2 years of follow-up, a negative d-dimer result was associated with a 3.5% annual risk for recurrent disease, whereas a positive d-dimer result was associated with an 8.9% annual risk for recurrence. These rates should inform decisions about the balance of risks and benefits of prolonging anticoagulation.
Birth Control, Judicial Surgery, and the Wonderful One-Hoss Shay
Authors: William J. Curran, Oliver Wendell Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Have you heard of the wonderful one-hoss shay,That was built in such a logical wayIt ran a hundred years to a day,And then, of a sudden, it — ah, but stayI'll tell you what happened without delay, . . . .You see, of course, if not a dunce,How it went to pieces all at once, —All at once, and nothing first, —Just as bubbles do when they burst.End of the wonderful one-hoss shayLogic is logic. That's all I say.DR. Holmes's description of The Deacon's Masterpiece was composed in Massachusetts . . .
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON IRRADIATED, NORMAL, AND PARTIALLY PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RABBITS
Authors: Frederick L. Gates, J. H. B. Grant
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Previous irradiation of rabbits with ultra-violet light, with a consequent hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands, resulted in some degree of protection to these animals, when part of the parathyroid tissue was extirpated. This fact indicates that the remaining hyperplastic tissue was potentially active, and that the increased factor of safety represented by this condition of the remaining tissue resulted in less loss of blood calcium, a more rapid initiation of recovery, and an absence of the rise in the inorganic phosphorus of the blood serum which was a characteristic result of partial parathyroidectomy in normal rabbits. A fall in calcium in all the irradiated rabbits, without a corresponding rise in phosphorus, shows that the drop in calcium is the primary reaction, and a rise in phosphorus a secondary reaction following parathyroidectomy. But the relation of the rise in phosphorus to the development of tetany remains obscure.
Surgical Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia in Infants
Authors: Arthur Garson, Paul C. Gillette, Jack L. Titus, Edith Hawkins, Debra Kearney, David Ott, Denton A. Cooley, Dan G. McNamara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

VENTRICULAR tachycardia is a rare arrhythmia in infancy,1 , 2 and is usually associated with the long-QT-interval syndrome,3 myocardial disease such as that found in myocarditis, congestive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe hypertrophy due to aortic or pulmonary stenosis,4 or cardiac tumor.5 6 7 8 9 In the past three years, we have cared for eight infants under the age of two years who had incessant ventricular tachycardia — i.e., with little or no sinus rhythm present throughout the day. Two-dimensional echocardiography and angiography in both ventricles revealed no structural abnormalities in any patient. Because the tachycardia persisted despite conventional and investigational antiarrhythmic therapy, and because each . . .