tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Die Lungentuberkulose, ihre Pathogenese, Diagnostik und Behandlung.
Authors: Felix Klemperer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1605: Pterostilbene, a natural phytoalexin, effectively protects against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by increasing antioxidant cellular defenses and preventing mutagenesis
Authors: J. Antoni Sirerol, Ines Pulido, Miguel Asensi, Angel Ortega, Jose M. Estrela
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the main cause of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (≈ 99%) and melanoma (≈ 95%) development. The procarcinogenic effects of solar exposure are mainly due to UVB radiation (290-320 nm range), the same tight range that produces burning in human skin (erythema), inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, etc. The number of skin cancers around the world keeps increasing and, thus, it is an urgent need to find effective protection remedies. Phytoalexins of polyphenolic structure are naturally occurring compounds involved in the defense against pathogens and environmental stresses in plants. Epidemiological studies confirm that diets enriched in plant polyphenols may offer protection against chronic diseases related to oxidative stress. In this sense polyphenols have shown anticarcinogenic and photoprotective effects (e.g. Clifford JL &amp; DiGiovanni J. Cancer Prev Res 3:132-5, 2010). Seminal studies showed that resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene; Resv) exerted chemopreventive activity in a model of mouse skin carcinogenesis where topic administration of this polyphenol inhibited multistage carcinogenesis [Jang M et al. Science 275:218-20, 1997]. Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-trans-stilbene; Pter), a Res analog, shows a higher half-life and more potent anticancer effects in vivo than Res. We compared the potential anti-UVB protection of both polyphenols in a murine model of chronic irradiation (180 mJ UVB/cm2; 3 doses/week; for a total of 30 weeks) that experimentally resembles long-term chronic human exposure to damaging sun radiations. We observed that topical pretreatment of the skin with Pter (1-2 μmol/cm2 per dose, administered right before UB exposure), but not with Resv, fully prevents chronic UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect involves a Pter-induced increase in antioxidant skin defenses and a decrease in the rate of mutagenesis. Citation Format: J. Antoni Sirerol, Ines Pulido, Miguel Asensi, Angel Ortega, Jose M. Estrela. Pterostilbene, a natural phytoalexin, effectively protects against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by increasing antioxidant cellular defenses and preventing mutagenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1605. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1605
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: E A STRECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1959)

Article1 April 1959PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPYEDWARD A. STRECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.EDWARD A. STRECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-50-4-862 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNo less an authority than Robert Knight,1 former President of the American Psychoanalytic Society, estimates that only about three in every 10 patients who present themselves for psychotherapeutic treatment are suitable for orthodox analysis. What of the other seven? In my opinion, their best chance of adjustment lies in skilful general psychotherapy.I am allergic to the word "support" as applied to general psychotherapy. "Support" implies that the therapist acts as a leaning-post for the patient, preaching and scolding and uttering Pollyanna bromides. This is worse than useless. Real, practical psychotherapy assumes some basic knowledge of each patient's psychopathology, of...Bibliography1. Knight RP: An evaluation of psychotherapeutic techniques, Bull. Menninger Clin. 16: 113-124 (July) 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Diethelm O: Some guiding concepts in dynamic psychotherapy, Am. J. Psychiat. 114: 805 (Mar.) 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication May 12, 1958.From the Symposium on Practical Psychotherapy, presented at the Thirty-ninth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Atlantic City, New Jersey, May 1, 1958.†Deceased.Requests for reprints should be addressed to the office of Edward A. Strecker, M.D., 111 North Forty-ninth Street, Philadelphia 39, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1959Volume 50, Issue 4Page: 862-868KeywordsEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1959 PDF downloadLoading ...
Short communication: An occupational respiratory allergy caused by <i>Sinapis alba</i> pollen in olive farmers
Authors: J. L. Anguita, L. Palacios, L. Ruiz‐Valenzuela, B. Bartolomé, Ma. J. López‐Urbano, B. Sáenz de San Pedro, E. Cano, J. Quiralte
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Sinapis alba (white mustard) is a entomophilic species included in the Brassicaceae family. To date it has not been related to allergic sensitization or clinical respiratory disease. Methods: Twelve olive orchard workers had a history of rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma that occurred during control weed management and/or harvest, from January to March. They underwent skin prick tests (SPT) with S. alba pollen extract and a standard battery of aeroallergens. Sinapis alba pollen extract was prepared for performing quantitative skin tests, enzyme allergosorbent test and nasal challenge test (NCT). A portable monitoring station and an urban volumetric Hirst‐type spore trap were used for the aerobiological study. Results: Eleven patients suffered from rhinitis and bronchial asthma and one had only from rhinitis. All patients were sensitized to S. alba pollen extract, and they showed a positive NCT response. In the urban aerobiologic monitoring station the amount of S. alba pollen only exceptionally reached peaks of 21 grains/m 3 , whereas in the work environment peaks of 1801 grains/m 3 were detected between 15 February and 7 April. Conclusions: We demonstrate the existence of a new occupational allergen for olive farmers: S. alba pollen. We point out the importance of perform aerobiological sampling within the occupational environment for the detection and quantification of the allergenic source.
Abstract 3851: Molecular profiling of aggressive breast cancer in a unique patient population from Kenya
Authors: Rispah Torrorey, Maggie Kerper, Emilia Hartland, Zonggao Shi, Jenifer Prosperi, Sunil Badve, Sharon Stack, Simeon Mining, Laurie Littlepage
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer rates of incidence and mortality vary significantly between different nations and racial groups. African nations have the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the world, even though the incidence rates are below those of many other nations. In Kenya, breast cancer tumors are often highly aggressive at presentation and occur at a significantly earlier age (as early as the teens and 20s), relative to North American women. In the United States, non-Hispanic white women have the highest incidence of breast cancer, but African-American women have the highest mortality. These striking racial disparities are due not only to inequities in screening and treatment but also to variations in the rates of aggressive breast cancer. Differences in disease progression suggest that aggressive breast cancer tumors may harbor components of a unique molecular signature that result in racial disparities. We aim to identify drivers of poor prognosis breast cancer growth by identifying molecular signatures with high prognostic value from tumor samples of patients with aggressive disease. We hypothesize that changes in the DNA, RNA, and post-translational protein regulation contribute to aggressive disease. To characterize the tumors from this patient population, we used samples from &amp;gt;100 Kenyan breast tumor tissue samples. We stained tissue microarray sections for clinical breast cancer markers including lymphocyte markers. Using DNA and RNA that we isolated from these patient-derived breast tumors, we are characterizing these tumors by analyzing them for gene expression, genome sequencing, proteomics, and pathology analysis coupled with bioinformatics to develop signatures of aggressive breast cancer growth and metastasis. Our data will be foundational in understanding how aggressive, lethal breast tumors of Kenyan breast cancer patients differ from less aggressive tumors and will enhance our ability to diagnose and eliminate outcome disparities in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Rispah Torrorey, Maggie Kerper, Emilia Hartland, Zonggao Shi, Jenifer Prosperi, Sunil Badve, Sharon Stack, Simeon Mining, Laurie Littlepage. Molecular profiling of aggressive breast cancer in a unique patient population from Kenya. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3851
Drugs in British prisons
Authors: S. M Gore, A G. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The prison service seems to be losing its own “war on drugs.” Blood borne virus transmission1 continues despite improved access to harm reduction measures: another HIV seroconversion in a Scottish jail occurred in 1997. Moreover, the prison service has failed to meet its 1996-7 key performance indicator on drugs,2 which was for the rate of positive results from random mandatory drugs tests to be lower in the fourth quarter than in the first (in the first quarter 3269/13 594 (24.0%) of tests yielded positive results, in the fourth 24.2%). Yet the prisons' key performance indicator on drugs was always misguided, because it avoided real targets,3 such as reducing the use of opiates inside, reducing the prevalence of injecting inside, and increasing the proportion of accommodation given over to drugs free wings. The main problem is that research inside prisons is not done to outside standards and new policies are not evaluated.

Scotland, and Glasgow in particular, has an injecting culture, including in prisons. At Barlinnie Prison in Glasgow, Scotland's largest prison, 15% of those tested in the …
Marked decrease in reporting incidence of salmonellosis driven by lower rates of Salmonella Enteritidis infections in Germany in 2008 – a continuing trend
Authors: C Frank, A Käsbohrer, K Stark, D Werber
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In Germany, since the enactment of the Protection Against Infection Act (IfSG) in 2001, notification of cases of salmonellosis is based on a stable case definition [1], facilitating comparability of data. The annual incidence of notified cases of salmonellosis has declined from over 90 per 100,000 population in 2001 to 60-70 per 100,000 in 2004 through 2007. After very little change from 2005 through 2007, a marked decrease of the number of notified cases (22.6% compared to 2007) was observed in 2008. This drop, as well as the overall decline since 2001 was almost entirely due to the dwindling number of notifications of infections with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica of serotype Enteritidis (SE) (Figure 1).
STREPTOMYCIN THERAPY OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE ENDOCARDITIS LENTA
Authors: W S MIDDLETON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

Case Reports1 September 1949STREPTOMYCIN THERAPY OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE ENDOCARDITIS LENTAWILLIAM S. MIDDLETON, M.D., F.A.C.P.WILLIAM S. MIDDLETON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-31-3-511 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRenewed interest in the etiology of endocarditis lenta has been a natural by-product of the availability of a series of agents with therapeutic promise. The success attendant upon the use of penicillin in treating Streptococcus viridans endocarditis lenta gave further impetus to similar attacks upon other etiologic backgrounds. Among these, Hemophilus influenzae and para-influenzae invited particular attention by reason of their sensitivity to streptomycin.The incidence ofHemophilus influenzaeandpara-influenzaeendocarditis is probably less common than Thayer's 2.94 per cent.1In 1940 Craven, Poston and Orgain2collected only 36 instances of this condition from the literature, to which they...Bibliography1. THAYER WS: Bacterial or infective endocarditis, Edinburgh Med. Jr., 1931, xxxviii, 237 and 307. Google Scholar2. CRAVENPOSTONORGAIN EBMAES: Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis, Am. Heart Jr., 1940, xix, 434. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. ROSE HM: Hemophilus influenzae Type A endocarditis, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1941, ccii, 187. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. HUNTERDUANE THRB: Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to gram negative organisms, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxii, 209. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. MARTINSPINK WBWW: Endocarditis due to Type B Hemophilus influenzae involving only the tricuspid valve, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1947, ccxiv, 139. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. PRIESTMCGEE WSCJ: Streptomycin in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxii, 124. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. BLANDPETERSON EFEW: Cases from Medical Grand Rounds, Massachusetts General Hospital, Case 14, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Am. Practitioner, 1947, i, 498. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Madison, Wisconsin*Received for publication December 2, 1947.From the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byErkrankungen des EndokardTreatment of Bacterial Endocarditis 1 September 1949Volume 31, Issue 3Page: 511-513KeywordsEndocarditisEtiologyHaemophilus influenzaePenicillinStreptococcusStreptomycin Issue Published: 1 September 1949 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 55: VA ECMO for Cardiac Arrest and Severe Refractory Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Satya Shreenivas, Hansie Mathelier, Kelly Epps, Scott Lilly, Pavan Atluri, Jesus E Rame
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Critically ill cardiac patients, in cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest, have worse outcomes than those who are less ill. Frequently, these patients require emergent initiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to sustain them until a LVAD can be placed. We report the profile and outcomes of patients supported with VA-ECMO. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who received mechanical circulatory support with VA-ECMO at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from January 2010 to November 2011 for the indication of progressive severe refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Patients who were placed on ECMO post cardiac surgery were excluded from this study. Results: During the study period, 33 patients required VA ECMO, 15 for cardiac arrest and 18 for progressive severe refractory cardiogenic shock. The etiology of the acute heart failure included the following: coronary artery disease (48.5%), unstable arrhythmia (12.1%), post-procedural (15.2%), rejection (6%), and others (18.1%). The mean age was 50±13 year old, with 64% being male. The mean age of the patients who survived was 42±11 year old compared with 52 ±13 year old for non-survivors. The overall survival was 7/33 (21.2%). There was no difference in survival based on if the cause of the cardiac decompensation was cardiac arrest (survival rate: 20%) or progressive cardiogenic shock (survival rate: 22%). The survival in patients with ischemia was 6.25%, while survival in all other causes was 35.3% (p-value 0.041). The most common cause of death was refractory shock resulting in multisystem organ failure. Discussion: In this small cohort of critically ill patients, these findings are surprising and suggest that progressive cardiogenic shock has a prognosis that equates to cardiac arrest. A significant portion of cardiac arrest patients did not undergo hypothermia due to concern for excess hypercoagulability. The baseline coagulopathy is thought to be secondary to a DIC-like process brought on by blood interaction with the ECMO plastic tubing. Decision making regarding hypothermia is based on a patient’s underlying hypercoaguable state, which may lead to lack of neurologic protection.
DISORDERS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEDICINE
Authors: G W PICKERING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Article1 November 1955DISORDERS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEDICINEGEORGE W. PICKERING, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.C.P. (Hon.)GEORGE W. PICKERING, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.C.P. (Hon.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-43-5-919 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn invitation to talk to the leaders of my profession in your great country seemed an opportunity to discuss a matter that has long interested me and may, I hope, also have interested you. For a long time it has seemed to me that many of the ills from which our profession suffers today are merely symptoms of more generalized disorders of society as a whole. Since many of us are concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of these local manifestations of illness, it is interesting, and in the traditions of good medical practice, to look at the patient... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London, England*Convocation Address, Thirty-sixth Annual Session, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1955. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe normal range—A common misuseOne cause? Many causes?Alfred Watson Memorial Lecture: The Statistician in Medicine 1 November 1955Volume 43, Issue 5Page: 919-929KeywordsInformation technologyMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1955 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright ©, 1955, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P118: County-Level Disparities in the Availability of Farmers Markets in the United States: An Ecological Study
Authors: Chelsea Singleton, Olivia Affuso, Bisakha Sen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Farmers markets (FM) have been hypothesized to be a potential community-level obesity prevention strategy for populations at risk for chronic diseases because they provide a mechanism for communities to purchase healthy locally grown produce. This study aimed to identify county-level factors associated with FM availability in an effort to determine if disparities in availability exist in the US. Hypothesis: Increased FM availability will be associated with higher median household income, lower % minority residents, lower % obese residents and a higher number of grocery stores and recreation centers per 100,000 residents. Methods: An ecological study was conducted using 2009 data from the USDA Food Environment Atlas on 3,135 US counties. Crude and multivariable adjusted logistic regression models where used to determine associations between having at least one FM available and county-level variables such as % African American (AA) residents, % Hispanic residents, median household income, % WIC participants, % adults obese, % adults with diabetes, per capita grocery stores, per capita supercenters and per capita recreation centers. All analyses were stratified by metro county status and adjusted to address data clustering at the state-level. Results: There were 1,088 and 2,047 counties labeled metro and non-metro respectively. Metro Results : Median household income (p = 0.002) and per capita recreation centers (p &lt; 0.0001) were positively associated with FM availability while % WIC residents (p = 0.008), per capita grocery stores (p = 0.02) and % adults with diabetes (p &lt; 0.0001) showed a negative association. Non-Metro Results: Median household income (p &lt; 0.0001), per capita recreation centers (p &lt; 0.0001) and per capita supercenters (p &lt; 0.0001) were positively associated with FM availability while % WIC residents (p = 0.02), per capita grocery stores (p &lt; 0.0001) and % adults with diabetes (p &lt; 0.03) showed a negative association. The % AA residents appeared to be negatively associated with FM availability but did not achieve statistical significance. County obesity prevalence was not associated with FM availability in both metro and non-metro counties. Conclusion: Results showed that counties with more recreation centers and a higher median household income have increased FM availability while counties with more WIC participants and residents with diabetes have less availability. More information on the association between FM access, diet and obesity in at risk populations should be collected at the individual level.