tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proposed siting of the new national clinical research centre
Authors: J. Savill, C. Haslett
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Summary</h3> Apomixis is a highly desirable trait in modern agriculture; however, incorporating it into breeding programs requires a deeper comprehension of apomictic regulatory mechanisms. <i>Paspalum notatum</i> is considered a good model for such studies because it exhibits both sexual and apomictic cytotypes. A transcriptomic approach to identifying differentially expressed genes between these cytotypes would constitute an important tool for the identification of genes in the apomictic pathway. We generated leaf and inflorescence transcriptomes of apomictic tetraploids and sexual diploids/tetraploids of <i>P. notatum</i> accessions. We <i>de novo</i> assembled and annotated 114,306 unigenes. Coexpression network and ontological annotation were applied to recover the interactions and biological processes of exclusive and differentially expressed genes from the apomictic libraries. Additionally, genes potentially linked to the apomixis-controlling region and several genes reported in the literature were identified. The reference transcriptome obtained in this study represents a robust set of expression data for <i>P. notatum</i>. Our approach to sequencing florets and leaves from different cytotypes enabled us to isolate a set of candidate genes. Using a gene expression network, we recovered transcriptionally coordinated genes related to mechanisms regulating apomixis. These findings provide an important contribution to our knowledge of apomixis and are valuable for <i>Paspalum</i> breeding programs.
Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract
Authors: Tomas Ganz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The large surfaces of the respiratory tract are often the initial site of contact between microbes and their human hosts. Respiratory epithelia are coated with a thin layer of airway and alveolar secretions whose composition varies by anatomical location and in response to mechanical, chemical, and microbial stimulation. In the nose, trachea, and bronchi, the secretions are generated by airway epithelial cells, especially the goblet cells; by the submucosal glands; by transudation and transport of proteins from plasma; and by resident and recruited phagocytes — neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages. In the distal airways and alveoli, Clara cells and type 2 alveolar cells are, respectively, the predominant secretory epithelial cells. As first described by Alexander Fleming nearly 80 years ago (1), respiratory secretions have microbicidal and microbistatic properties mediated by their constituent antimicrobial polypeptides. These intrinsic antimicrobial properties of respiratory secretions act in concert with the mechanical and phagocytic clearance mechanisms, described elsewhere in this Perspective series, to defend the respiratory tract against colonization or invasion by environmental microbes.
Narrow-Band Imaging in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Mucosal Lesions: A Pilot Study
Authors: H. Machida, Y. Sano, Y. Hamamoto, M. Muto, T. Kozu, H. Tajiri, S. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A newly developed narrow-band imaging (NBI) technique, in which modified optical filters were used in the light source of a video endoscope system, was applied during colonoscopy in a clinical setting. This pilot study evaluated the clinical feasibility of the NBI system for evaluating colorectal lesions.A total of 43 colorectal lesions in 34 patients were included in the study. The quality of visualization of colorectal lesions and the accuracy of differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions using the NBI system were evaluated in comparison with results from conventional colonoscopy and with chromoendoscopy.For pit pattern delineation, NBI was superior to conventional endoscopy (P < 0.001), but inferior to chromoendoscopy (P < 0.05). NBI achieved better visualization of the mucosal vascular network and of the hue of lesions than conventional endoscopy (P < 0.05). However there was no significant difference between NBI and chromoendoscopy in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions (both techniques had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity 75 %). This was better than the results of conventional colonoscopy (sensitivity 83 %, specificity 44 %; P < 0.05 for specificity).These results suggest that in the examination of colonic lesions the NBI system provides imaging features additional to those of both conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. For distinguishing neoplasms from non-neoplastic lesions, NBI was equivalent to chromoendoscopy.
Complementary Role of Chest Roentgenogram in Interpretation of Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Liver Scan
Authors: JAMES J. VESELY, CARLOS BEKERMAN, STEVEN PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Correlation of a chest roentgenogram and a radionuclide scan facilitated the interpretation of a liver scan with a defect in the dome that was due to an extrinsic compression and photon attenuation by a metastatic tumor in the right lung base.
Charity launches 14m UK-wide lung cancer research initiative
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A £14m UK study to sequence the genomes of people with lung cancer has been launched by the charity Cancer Research UK.

At a press briefing for the launch on 17 July, Charles Swanton, professor of oncology at University College London, and the project’s lead researcher, highlighted three barriers to new lung cancer treatments that the project could overcome: the difficulty in identifying patients who will have a good response to a drug, inevitable drug resistance in advanced metastatic cancer, and high failure rates in the development of new drugs for cancer treatment.

Swanton said, “The problem with lung cancer is that it has …
Importance of the Position of the Arm on the Level of Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: John Merendino
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Recent clinical experience has suggested that slight changes in the position of the arm may alter significantly the level of the arterial blood pressure. The technique of recording the arterial blood pressure used by us and others was, therefore, observed critically. It was found that meticulous care was usually given to the use of a standard cuff and stethoscope, the proper fitting of the cuff on the arm, the avoidance of deep breathing, recording the arterial pressure in the recumbent, sitting, and standing positions; however little attention was given to the position of the arm when the arterial blood pressure was being recorded. The position of the arm varied from being held out perpendicular to the shoulder joint at a 45-degree angle from the body; to being held at a 10-to-15-degree angle of abduction at the level of the heart with the forearm slightly flexed (as when the forearm rests
Smoking Is Associated With Epicardial Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Elevated White Blood Cell Count in Patients With Chest Pain and Early Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Shahar Lavi, Abhiram Prasad, Eric H. Yang, Verghese Mathew, Robert D. Simari, Charanjit S. Rihal, Lilach O. Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. One of the potential mechanisms may be related to both coronary endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammatory response. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that smoking is associated with epicardial coronary endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Coronary endothelial function in response to acetylcholine was assessed in 881 patients (115 current smokers and 766 nonsmokers, including 314 previous smokers). Smokers were significantly younger than nonsmokers (43+/-1 versus 51+/-1 years, P<0.0001), had more epicardial vasoconstriction in response to intracoronary acetylcholine (-19+/-2% versus -14+/-1% change in coronary artery diameter, P=0.03), and were more likely than nonsmokers to have epicardial endothelial dysfunction (46% versus 35%, P=0.005), but their microvascular endothelial function was intact. Smokers had higher white blood cell counts than nonsmokers (7.7+/-0.2 versus 6.6+/-0.1x10(9)/L, P<0.0001), higher myeloperoxidase (156+/-19 versus 89+/-8 ng/mL), higher lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (242+/-12 versus 215+/-5 ng/mL), and higher levels of intracellular adhesion molecule (283+/-14 versus 252+/-5 ng/mL). There were no differences in the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, or vascular cell adhesion molecule between the groups.Young smokers are characterized by epicardial coronary endothelial dysfunction, preserved microvascular endothelial function, and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress. The present study provides further information regarding the potential mechanisms by which smoking contributes to cardiovascular events.
Clinical characterization of human metapneumovirus infection among patients with cancer
Authors: Mini Kamboj, Marina Gerbin, Chiung-Kang Huang, Carrie Brennan, Jeffrey Stiles, Sergey Balashov, Steven Park, Timothy E. Kiehn, David S. Perlin, Eric G. Pamer, Kent A. Sepkowitz
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Effects of Drinking Water with Meals
Authors: L. Buckle
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor  —The beneficial effects of drinking water with meals, recently referred to inThe Journal(Nov, 30, 1912, p. 1975), are present only when the water is taken slowly, a little at a time and not too cold. If, as is frequently practiced by many people, the water is gulped down ice-cold, a glassful or so at a time, then instead of being useful, it may become very injurious indeed.  We are often called to treat people with severe cramps suddenly developed during or right after a meal. In many of these cases we often find that the sufferer drank large quantities of too cold water. So though the dilution of an enzyme does not interfere with its activity, cold, as is well known, retards its action. Hence the drinking of too cold water with meals is liable, with some people at least, seriously to interfere with their digestion and cause them
Comparison between SAPS II and SAPS 3 in predicting hospital mortality in a cohort of 103 Italian ICUs. Is new always better?
Authors: Daniele Poole, Carlotta Rossi, Nicola Latronico, Giancarlo Rossi, Stefano Finazzi, Guido Bertolini, GiViTI
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
NIAID genomics programs and global health
Authors: Maria Y Giovanni
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous enoxaparin in early invasive strategy of unstable angina
Authors: Jean-Philippe Collet, Gilles Montalescot, Jean-Louis Golmard, M. Tanguy, Remi Choussat, Gérard Drobinski, Annick Ankri, Nicolas Vignolles, Daniel Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Mutations in X-linked PORCN, a putative regulator of Wnt signaling, cause focal dermal hypoplasia
Authors: Xiaoling Wang, V Reid Sutton, J Omar Peraza-Llanes, Zhiyin Yu, Rebecca Rosetta, Ying-Chuck Kou, Tanya N Eble, Ankita Patel, Christina Thaller, Ping Fang, Ignatia B Van den Veyver
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Overdose Fatality and Surveillance as a Method for Understanding Mortality Trends in Homeless Populations
Authors: Elise D. Riley, Jennifer Cohen, Martha Shumway
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

In their recent article, Baggett and colleagues present an important update on excess mortality among US homeless persons 1 .Following 28,033 individuals, the investigators showed that drug overdose is an epidemic among homeless adults.Our data from a community-recruited cohort of homeless and unstably housed San Francisco women, which began recruiting HIV-infected individuals 2 and recently included uninfected individuals (150 HIV+ and 150 HIV-), indicate remarkably similar results and suggest generalizability of these findings.
Risk of Acute Angle Closure and Changes in Intraocular Pressure after Pupillary Dilation in Asian Subjects with Narrow Angles
Authors: Raghavan Lavanya, Mani Baskaran, Rajesh S. Kumar, Hon-Tym Wong, Paul T.K. Chew, Paul J. Foster, David S. Friedman, Tin Aung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Epidemiological bases for the current ambient carbon monoxide standards.
Authors: L H Kuller, E P Radford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Carbon monoxide is widely distributed in the environment, and acute or chronic toxic effects may be of considerable public health significance. A review of the basis for current ambient standards is given. Mortality and morbidity studies have been negative or equivocal in relating carbon monoxide levels to health effects, but studies in human subjects with compromised coronary or peripheral circulation support an effect of acute exposure to CO at blood levels equivalent to about 20 ppm over several hours. It is possible that some of the cardiovascular effects of smoking may be related to the high levels of CO in cigarette smoke, but it has been difficult to isolate the contribution of CO independent of the effects of other smoke constituents.
Obituary Listing
Authors: Charles J. Rainey
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Treatment of Typhoid Fever—Final Reply of Dr. Woodbridge.
Authors: John Eliot Woodbridge
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Cleveland,Ohio, Aug. 14, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you accord me a little space to reply to Dr. Upshur's most remarkable communication in the current issue of theJournal? (<i>Vide</i>Journal, August 7, p. 293.) "It is true, I do not possess a knowledge, either ' theoretic or practical,' in line of the Woodbridge methods." The above excerpt from Dr. Upshur's letter coupled with the author's admission that he took the quotations for his recent paper from an advertising circular will enable physicians to form a just estimate of the value of his criticism of the "Woodbridge Treatment of Typhoid Fever," and suggests a new title for the paper. In view of the antiquated methods which he advocated, how would this do: "Scraps of Ancient Medical History, with a Criticism of the Scientific Treatment of Typhoid Fever, that is based on total ignorance of the subject, supplemented by free and
Beneficial effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in scleromyxoedema associated with severe idiopathic neutropenia
Authors: A.M. COHEN, E. HODAK, M. DAVID, M. MITTELMAN, R. GAL, R. STERN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The treatment of scleromyxoedema is notoriously difficult. We present a patient with long‐standing diffuse scleromyxoedema associated with functional impairment who developed chronic idiopathic neutropenia complicated by recurrent life‐threatening infections. Treatment with recombinant granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor led to normalization of the neutrophil count, prevented further systemic infections, and unexpectedly was associated with a striking clinical improvement of her skin disorder and decrease in mucin deposition in the dermis.
Misleading Appearances of the Bladder on Pediatric Genitourinary Imaging
Authors: JOSEPH A. ORZEL, EDWARD WEINBERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The authors reviewed images of the bladder on 100 consecutive Tc-99m DTPA pediatric renograms for any abnormal distribution of radionuclide or asymmetry suggestive of anatomic bladder abnormality. The results were correlated with radiographic contrast voiding cystourethrograms and ultrasound examination. Of 81 patients with adequate bladder imaging, 50 (62%) had symmetric and uniform distribution of radioactivity within the bladder. Thirty-one patients (38%) had a sufficiently abnormal bladder appearance to suggest anatomic abnormality. Of these 31 patients, 27 had contrast cystograms and ultrasound evaluation; only one (4%) had a proven bladder abnormality which correlated with the abnormal scintigraphic appearance. The appearance of the bladder on pediatric genitourinary imaging is a nonspecific and unreliable indicator of anatomic bladder abnormality.
Serum Protein Alterations in Uremia
Authors: Alex L. Finkle, Joel F. Panish, Sara J. Karg, Donald R. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ATTEMPTS to correlate the clinical course of uremic patients with changes in certain serum constituents have been unsuccessful.1 Similarly, efforts to link the development of uremia to specific "toxins" have been inconclusive.2 , 3 To date, no etiologic factor has been identified for the uremic state4 — irrespective of any possible relation between diverse mechanisms that terminate in uremia — that is, "renal failure with retention of nitrogenous catabolites."5 In a previous study reported from this laboratory, uremia was produced in dogs by bilateral ureteral ligation.6 In these animals it was demonstrated by filter-paper electrophoresis that prolongation of the uremic state effected . . .
P-wave Dispersion and Evaluation of Atrial Conduction Times using Tissue Doppler Echocardiography in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Habibe Kafes, Esra Gücük İpek, Lale Dinç Asarcıklı, Selçuk Kanat, Yeşim Güray, Burcu Demirkan, Omaç Tükefçioğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Marine Hospital Service.
Authors: Preston H. Bailhache
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Treasury Department, Office of the Supervising Surgeon General Marine-Hospital Service. Washington, D. C, June 24, 1898. Journal American Medical Association, 61 Market Street, Chicago, Ill. <h3>Sirs:</h3> —With the close of the present fiscal year, June 30, the subscription for eighteen copies of theJournal of the American Medical Association, for the use of this Service, will expire, and will not be renewed for the ensuing fiscal year. By direction of Supervising Surgeon-General, M.-H. S. Respectfully yours,
Abstract 73: Mitochondrial 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase: A novel enzyme in folate metabolism
Authors: Marianne E. Dubard, Kyle C. Strickland, Natalia V. Oleinik, Natalia I. Krupenko, Sergey A. Krupenko
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH, Aldh1L1) is an important regulator of intracellular folate pools, which displays antiproliferative effects in cancer cells. We have identified a gene at the chromosome locus 12q24.11 in the human genome, the product of which has 87% sequence similarity with cytosolic FDH. This protein has an extra amino-terminal sequence of 22 amino acid residues enriched in arginines, which is predicted to be a mitochondrial translocation signal. The mitochondrial targeting function of the leader has been confirmed in Cos7 cells: green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged at the amino-terminus with the leader, localizes to mitochondria. Transfection of Cos7 or A549 cell lines with a construct, in which GFP has been introduced between the leader sequence and the rest of the putative mitochondrial FDH (mtFDH), has also shown mitochondrial localization, suggesting that the identified gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme. To evaluate the abundance of mtFDH, we have measured its mRNA levels in a wide array of human tissues by real-time PCR, and compared them to the levels of mRNA that encode cytosolic FDH. While cytosolic FDH mRNA is highest in liver, kidney and pancreas, mtFDH mRNA is most highly expressed in pancreas, heart and brain, but not in liver or kidney. In contrast to the cytosolic enzyme, which is non detectable in human cancer cell lines, the presence of mtFDH mRNA was demonstrated in A549 and PC3 cells by conventional and real-time PCR. The presence of the endogenous enzyme in mitochondria of A549 cells has been further confirmed using specific polyclonal antibody generated against purified recombinant mtFDH. We have also shown that recombinant mtFDH, similar to the cytosolic enzyme, catalyzes NADP+-dependent oxidation of the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. Thus, the enzyme is a likely source of CO2 production in mitochondria and we propose that it plays an essential role in distribution of one-carbon groups between cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of the cell. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 73.
Pills with a doughnut hole
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2006)

When Zhou Enlai was premier of People's Republic of China, from 1949 to 1976, he was asked about the impact of the French Revolution, and reportedly replied that it was too early to tell. The same can now be said about the Medicare Part D Drug Benefit. Passed some two years ago by the then Republican controlled Congress, it represents an interesting experiment of the government providing drugs through the private sector to stimulate competition and contain costs. …