tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Task force I: Training in clinical cardiology
Authors: Robert L. Frye, William W. Parmley, Bruce Brundage, Nicholas Fortuin, Noble O. Fowler, Valentin Fuster, W. Proctor Harvey, J. Willis Hurst, John W. Joyce, Charles E. Rackley, Elliot Rapaport, Richard J. Reitemeier, Richard O. Russell, Thomas J. Ryan, Donald E. Saunders
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Pancreatic Function in Infants Identified as Having Cystic Fibrosis in a Neonatal Screening Program
Authors: D L Waters, S F Dorney, K J Gaskin, M A Gruca, M O'Halloran, B Wilcken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The use of the dried-blood immunoreactive-trypsin assay for the detection of cystic fibrosis in newborns has been questioned on the grounds that it may fail to identify patients with enough pancreatic function to have normal fat absorption. To investigate this possibility, we assessed pancreatic function in 78 patients identified in a neonatal screening program as having cystic fibrosis. The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was confirmed by abnormal results on a sweat chloride test. The results of measurements of fecal fat excretion, pancreatic-stimulation tests, and estimations of the serum level of pancreatic isoamylase indicated that 29 of the 78 children (37 percent) had substantial preservation of pancreatic function. These children (median age, four years) had growth that was close to normal and comparable to growth in children with severe pancreatic insufficiency who received oral enzyme therapy. Pancreatic insufficiency subsequently developed in 6 of the 29 patients, at 3 to 36 months of age. We conclude that the serum immunoreactive-trypsin assay used in neonatal screening programs identifies patients with cystic fibrosis who have sufficient pancreatic function to have normal fat absorption and that a substantial proportion of infants identified as having cystic fibrosis are in this category.
Patterns of fractures in accidental and non-accidental injury in children: a comparative study.
Authors: P Worlock, M Stower, P Barbor
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The incidence and pattern of fractures in children who had been abused were compared with those of fractures sustained by children of similar ages in whom abuse had been excluded. From 1976 to 1982 there were 35 children with fractures resulting from child abuse, and all were aged under 5. Of the 826 children in the control group, seen from January to June 1981, 85% were aged over 5. Abused children were much more likely to have multiple fractures (p less than 0.001) and bruising of the head and neck (p less than 0.001). Fractures of the ribs were common in children who had been abused, and their presence, in the absence of major chest trauma, strongly suggested that abuse was occurring. Injuries to the long bones were invariably spiral or oblique fractures or subperiosteal new bone formation--both "gripping or twisting" injuries. Spiral fracture of the humeral shaft was significantly more common (p less than 0.001) in the group of abused children. Classic metaphyseal chip fractures were uncommon. One child in eight aged under 18 months who sustains a fracture may be a victim of child abuse.
Impaired activity and gene expression of hexokinase II in muscle from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
Authors: H Vestergaard, C Bjørbaek, T Hansen, F S Larsen, D K Granner, O Pedersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

After entering the muscle cell, glucose is immediately and irreversibly phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinases (HK) I and II. Previous studies in rodents have shown that HKII may be the dominant HK in skeletal muscle. Reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and reduced glucose-6-phosphate concentrations in muscle have been found in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients when examined during a hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. These findings [correction of finding] are consistent with a defect in glucose transport and/or phosphorylation. In the present study comprising 29 NIDDM patients and 25 matched controls, we tested the hypothesis that HKII activity and gene expression are impaired in vastus lateralis muscle of NIDDM patients when examined in the fasting state. HKII activity in a supernatant of muscle extract accounted for 28 +/- 5% in NIDDM patients and 40 +/- 5% in controls (P = 0.08) of total muscle HK activity when measured at a glucose media of 0.11 mmol/liter and 31 +/- 4 and 47 +/- 7% (P = 0.02) when measured at 0.11 mmol/liter of glucose. HKII mRNA, HKII immunoreactive protein level, and HKII activity were significantly decreased in NIDDM patients (P < 0.0001, P = 0.03, and P = 0.02, respectively) together with significantly decreased glycogen synthase mRNA level and total glycogen synthase activity (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively). In the entire study population HKII activity estimated at 0.11 and 11.0 mM glucose was inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (r = -0.45, P = 0.004; r = -0.54, P < 0.0001, respectively) and fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (r = -0.46, P = 0.003; r = -0.37, P = 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, NIDDM patients are characterized by a reduced activity and a reduced gene expression of HKII in muscle which may be secondary to the metabolic peturbations. HKII contributes with about one-third of total HK activity in a supernatant of human vastus lateralis muscle.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell–Selective Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Deletion Leads to Hypotension
Authors: Lin Chang, Luis Villacorta, Jifeng Zhang, Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio, Kun Yang, Milton Hamblin, Steven E. Whitesall, Louis G. D'Alecy, Y. Eugene Chen
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists are commonly used to treat diabetes, although their PPARγ-dependent effects transcend their role as insulin sensitizers. Thiazolidinediones lower blood pressure (BP) in diabetic patients, whereas results from conventional/tissue-specific PPARγ experimental models suggest an important pleiotropic role for PPARγ in BP control. Little evidence is available on the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of vascular smooth muscle cell–specific PPARγ in basal vascular tone. Methods and Results— We show that vascular smooth muscle cell–selective deletion of PPARγ impairs vasoactivity with an overall reduction in BP. Aortic contraction in response to norepinephrine is reduced and vasorelaxation is enhanced in response to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AdR) agonists in vitro. Similarly, vascular smooth muscle cell–selective PPARγ knockout mice display a biphasic response to norepinephrine in BP, reversible on administration of β-AdR blocker, and enhanced BP reduction on treatment with β-AdR agonists. Consistent with enhanced β2-AdR responsiveness, we found that the absence of PPARγ in vascular smooth muscle cells increased β2-AdR expression, possibly leading to the hypotensive phenotype during the rest phase. Conclusion— These data uncovered the β2-AdR as a novel target of PPARγ transcriptional repression in vascular smooth muscle cells and indicate that PPARγ regulation of β2-adrenergic signaling is important in the modulation of BP.
Periodic leg movements in Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Authors: M. Manconi, G. Vitale, R. Ferri, M. Zucconi, L. Ferini-Strambi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are repetitive jerks of the lower limbs. Their occurrence can be isolated or part of various sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome (RLS), narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnoea. Dopamine agonists are very effective in suppressing PLMS in RLS from the first night of administration. PLMS are often associated with cortical and autonomic arousals and may contribute to sleep disruption. Herein, a case of association between PLMS, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and severe insomnia is described. Repeated polysomnographic studies demonstrated a clear synchronisation between PLMS and hyperventilation episodes, and the complete recovery of CSR, sleep quality and PLMS during nocturnal ventilation. In the same patient, pharmacological treatment with a dopamine agonist was ineffective on both PLMS and CSR. These results suggest that periodic leg movements during sleep coupled with central breathing events, similar to those observed in conjunction with obstructive events, may have a different origin in terms of neurotransmitter and pathway implicated, compared with periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome, and are resolved by treatment of the respiratory abnormalities.
ELECTRICITY AS A THERAPEUTICAL AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSMENORRHŒA AND PELVIC INFLAMMATIONS.Read at the Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society, at Springfield, Ill., May 20, 1891.
Authors: F. J. PARKHURST
Journal: JAMA (1891)

As a therapeutical agent, electricity has a wider range of usefulness than any other one agent known to the medical profession to-day. A great deal of good can be done with it when properly and carefully used. The ancients had a limited knowledge of its power to cure disease. Their batteries were furnished them in the form of an electrical fish, the raja torpedo, found in the Mediterranean Sea. Shocks from these torpedoes were often used in the treatment of disease. Since Galvani discovered galvanism in the year 1786, advancement has been made in the study and use of it. The past sixty years and more, especially the past twenty years, it has received much attention at the hands of the medical profession. The past seven years it has especially been used in the treatment of diseases of women. At the present time it is being lauded to the skies
Hiccups Complicating Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harold R. Swan, Leo H. Simoson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

HICCUPS occurring with acute myocardial infarction indicate an extremely grave prognosis.1 It has been said that all patients afflicted with this distressing complication die, but the clinician will find little published information on the subject.This complication was first described by Weiss2 in 1939. No other articles appeared until 1951, when Rubin et al.3 reported a case of myocardial infarction with hiccups that responded to left-phrenic-nerve crush after other measures, including quinidine, had failed.There is considerable information about postoperative and postencephalitic hiccups. However, the very number of divergent treatments indicates the need for further investigation of this problem. Bailey . . .
Wanted: Case Reports on Insect Bites
Authors: CLAUDE A. FRAZIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and CorrectionsJune 1, 1975Wanted: Case Reports on Insect BitesCLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.CLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-858_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Again this year I am compiling case reports of allergic reactions to biting insects, that is, mosquitoes, fleas, gnats, kissing bugs, bedbugs, chiggers, black flies, horseflies, sandflies, and deerflies.I would like physicians to supply me with case reports of those patients who have had reactions to such insects. Include in your reports the type of reaction and complications, if any, the age, sex, and race of the patient, the site of the bite(s), the season of the year, the immediate symptoms, the skin test results, desensitization results, if any, and any associated other allergies.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics June 1, 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 858-858KeywordsAllergy and immunologySkin tests Issue Published: June 1, 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Forkhead Transcription Factors and Cardiovascular Biology
Authors: Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou, Yasuhiro Izumiya, Kenneth Walsh
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The Forkhead family of transcription factors modulates a wide variety of cellular functions in cardiovascular tissues. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of regulation provided by the forkhead factors in cardiac myocytes and vascular cells.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific, CD1d-restricted T cells in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Lucia Gargiulo, Maria Papaioannou, Michela Sica, Giulia Talini, Aristeidis Chaidos, Barbara Richichi, Andrei V. Nikolaev, Cristina Nativi, Mark Layton, Josu de la Fuente, Irene Roberts, Lucio Luzzatto, Rosario Notaro, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract P127: Factors related to Medication Non-Adherence for Patients with Hypertension in Taiwan
Authors: Wen Wen Li, Hsin-Tien Hsu, Shiow-Li Hwang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose: To characterize a Taiwanese population and to examine the prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications and whether cultural (e.g., use of Chinese herbs) and clinical factors (e.g., number of antihypertensive medications) were associated with non-adherence in Taiwan. Significance: Non-adherence to antihypertensive medications is a significant clinical problem in Taiwan. However, little is known about hypertension (HTN) control and cultural and clinical factors related to non-adherence in Taiwanese. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Sample: A convenience sample of 200 participants were recruited from a large teaching hospital (6800 beds) in Northern Taiwan. Inclusion criteria were: Adult ≥18 years old, taking antihypertensive medications at least once daily and being able to speak Mandarin. Methods: Following a routine medical visit, participants were consented. Study measures included seven, self-administered questionnaires on cultural and clinical factors. Blood pressure (BP) was taken twice and the averaged BP was calculated. BP control was defined as &lt;140/90mmHg. A total score ≥80% of the highest score of medication adherence scale by Morisky’s et al. was defined as adherence. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.4 (±11.5 years); 62% were male. Two thirds (64.5%) had less than a high school education. The majority (86.0%) were married and lived with family or close friends (93.5%). The averaged length of HTN diagnosis was 8.6 years (±9.0 years). Medication non-adherence rate was 47.5% and uncontrolled HTN rate was 49.0%. Seventeen percent used Chinese herbs for treating their disease (e.g., cough) and promoting health in addition to their regular antihypertensive medications. Statistically significant factors associated with medication non-adherence were: (1) Lower Perceived Susceptibility to HTN-related complications [OR=1.15 (95% CI 1.01, 1.31)]; and (2) Longer Length of HTN Diagnosis [OR=1.06 (95%CI 1.01, 1.12)]. Conclusions: Non-adherence medication rates were, 47.5%, in the Taiwanese compared to only 20% for US population. In turn, inadequate HTN control was 49% for Taiwanese and 30% for the general US population. Taiwanese who are at risk for non-adherence are those individuals who perceived a lower susceptibility to HTN-related complications or had a longer (in years) diagnosis of HTN. Further studies are needed to identify the influence of herbs on adherence behavior. Implications: These findings indicate that culturally sensitive and clinically appropriate nursing interventions for HTN management in Taiwanese are essential if non-adherence to the antihypertensive medications is to be managed.
Characteristics of natural killer cells in the murine intestinal epithelium and lamina propria.
Authors: A Tagliabue, A D Befus, D A Clark, J Bienenstock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Highly purified populations of lymphocytes were obtained from the murine intestinal mucosa using EDTA-collagenase isolation procedures in combination with discontinuous density centrifugation. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were separated from lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and, within these two populations, fractions enriched or depleted in gut granular lymphocytes (gGL) were obtained. Using these cells in cytotoxic assays, it was shown that both IEL and LPL possess natural killer (NK) activity, and this was associated with gGL. The major effector cells of gut NK activity appeared to be Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.1-, and Lyt-2.1-. The susceptibility of gut NK cells to anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement (C) was significantly higher than that of splenic NK cells. In contrast, anti-asialo GM1 and anti-NK-1.2 plus C only slightly affected the gut NK activity. Thus, the phenotype of the gut NK cells appears to be different from the splenic one and provides further evidence for NK heterogeneity and establishes the compartmentalization of one NK subpopulation. Beige mice, deficient in splenic NK activity, also had very low gut NK activity. W/Wv mice, which lack mast cell precursors, had normal numbers of gGL and diminished, but still present, gut and splenic NK activity. This deficiency did not segregate with the genes responsible for the basic hemopoietic stem cell defect, and these results argue against a close ontogenetic relationship between IEL, gGL, and intestinal mucosal mast cells. The relevance of these observations to the cell lineage of the effector cell of gut NK activity is discussed.
THE TECHNIQUE OF OPERATIONS FOR CANCERS OF THE BREAST.
Authors: CHARLES A. POWERS
Journal: JAMA (1995)

I do not feel that apology need be made for introducing to the society for discussion, the subject embodied in the foregoing title; the widespread and increasing prevalence of cancer of the breast, 1 its painful and terrifying features, and, above all, the very great attendant mortality, render it one of the most important of surgical conditions and one in which the most strenuous effort should be made to cure, and when cure be impossible, to ameliorate. The views which I have the honor of laying before you are based on some fifty operations in my own hospital and private practice. These operations have been done under modern methods and nearly all the cases have been followed from year to year. You will, therefore, pardon me if my observations are largely personal, and if I quote but little from other writers.  With the causes of cancer in general, we are
Cognate CD4+ T-cell–dendritic cell interactions induce migration of immature dendritic cells through dissolution of their podosomes
Authors: Cinzia Nobile, Marianne Lind, Francesc Miro, Karine Chemin, Marie Tourret, Giovanni Occhipinti, Stéphanie Dogniaux, Sebastian Amigorena, Claire Hivroz
Journal: Blood (2008)
Case 29-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Charles F. Barlow, Roger S. Williams, Karl E. Åström
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA nine-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of dementia and seizures.The child was a native of Guatemala. He was born of a full-term gestation complicated by hypoxia requiring resuscitation; he was cyanotic for about five minutes. His birth weight was 4 kg. At the age of 20 days pyloric stenosis was found. His growth and development were initially normal. He achieved head control at four months, sat at eight months and walked and spoke single words at 10 months. At 23 months he conversed in sentences, and he dressed himself at the age of . . .
Abstract P2-01-05: Mammographic microcalcifications and breast cancer tumorigenesis: A radiologic-pathologic analysis
Authors: M Naseem, J Murray, JF Hilton, AS Manoharan, CK Polenz, D Han, S Hogeveen, RL Heersink, A Bookwala, D Muradali, J Karamchandani, D Bell, CB Brezden-Masley
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Microcalcifications (MCs) are tiny deposits of calcium in breast soft tissue. They serve as key diagnostic radiological features for localization of malignancy. Approximately 30% of early invasive breast cancers have fine, granular MCs detectable on mammography; however, their role in breast cancer tumorigenesis is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mammographic MCs and breast cancer pathology. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for 1015 women treated for breast cancer between 2000-2012 at St. Michael's Hospital. Demographic information (age and menopausal status), tumor pathology (size, histology, grade, nodal status and lymphovascular invasion), hormonal status (ER and PR), HER-2 overexpression and presence of MCs were collected for breast cancer patients. Chi-square tests were performed for categorical variables and t-tests were performed for continuous variables. All tests were two-sided and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1015 patient charts were included; 78 (7.7%) patients had metastatic carcinoma and were excluded from analysis. About 38.3% (287/1015) of the patients presented with mammographic MCs. Patients were more likely to have MCs if they were HER-2 positive (52.9%) as opposed to being HER-2 negative (33.8%) (p&amp;lt;0.001). There was a significant association between MCs and having heterogeneous breast density (p = 0.031) and having multifocal disease (p = 0.044). Patients with invasive ductal carcinomas (40.9%) were more likely to present with MCs than were patients with other tumor histology (p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between MCs and tumor grade (p = 0.057), with grade III tumors presenting with the most MCs (41.3%), followed by grade II (39.8%) and grade I (30.7%). There was no significant association between mean age, mean tumor size, ER and PR status with the presence of MCs. Conclusion: This is the largest study analyzing data over a 12 year period, suggesting that the appearance of MCs on mammograms is strongly associated with HER-2 overexpression, invasive ductal carcinoma, heterogeneous breast density and multifocal breast cancers. Since HER-2 is implicated in mediating aggressive tumor growth and metastasis, future studies should investigate the molecular pathways connecting HER-2 overexpression and MC development. This would help better understand the role of MCs in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-01-05.
Interactions between mature Der p 1 and its free prodomain indicate membership of a new family of C1 peptidases
Authors: J. Zhang, J. M. Hamilton, D. R. Garrod, C. Robinson
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Studies in vivo have shown that the cysteine peptidase activity of group 1 house dust mite allergens contributes to their allergenicity. These allergens are synthesized initially as proenzymes and removal of the propiece is necessary to unmask their proteolytic activity. In related C1 family cysteine peptidases of enzyme clan CA, liberated propieces continue to inhibit the mature peptidase as tight binding inhibitors. As it is not known whether mite peptidase allergens behave similarly, our objective was to investigate the effect of the Der p 1 propiece on the catalytic activity of Der p 1 and Der f 1. Methods: Enzymatic activity of natural Der p 1 and Der f 1 was assessed using a specific substrate and the effect of the recombinant propiece on its enzyme kinetics defined. The integrity of the propiece during these interactions was studied functionally and by analysis of the reaction mixtures. Results: Der p 1 propiece was a potent competitive inhibitor of Der p 1 and Der f 1. In contrast to other cysteine peptidase prodomains, which are cognate tight binding inhibitors, the Der p 1 propiece behaves as a substrate and is fully degraded during this interaction. Conclusion: Mature Der p 1‐prodomain interactions differ from other C1 family cysteine peptidases, suggesting that group 1 mite allergens are a new subgroup among C1 family cysteine peptidases. The rapid inactivation of Der p 1 prodomain is a newly identified mechanism that may contribute to the potency of this allergen.