tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon
Authors: S. Tarpila, T. A. Miettinen, L. Metsaranta
Journal: Gut (1978)

Twenty-two patients with symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon were randomly allocated to control and high-fibre groups so that the long-term effect (up to 12 months) of bran on serum, faecal and biliary lipids could be studied. Even in cases of high initial values, faecal mass was increased by bran and the change was positively correlated with the change in dietary fibre. Faecal fat and dry weight were also increased. Faecal bile acids were initially slightly raised and were positively correlated with wet weight both off and on bran. The latter significantly decreased the excretion and concentration of bile acids, in particular the high initial values. The change in bile acids was not correlated with the change in dietary fibre or faecal wet weight. Sterol balance values indicated that the bran-induced decrease in faecal bile acids was associated with a lower cholesterol synthesis. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly in two hypercholesterolaemic individuals only. Correlations between different parameters revealed that the higher the initial level or the greater the drop in cholesterol synthesis, the greater the decrease in serum cholesterol. Bran had no effect on the biliary saturation of cholesterol. The percentage of biliary deoxycholate was negatively correlated with faecal mass (less so with faecal bile acid output) both before and during bran and was significantly decreased by bran. The percentage of cholic acid increased correspondingly and that of chenodeoxycholate remained unchanged. Faecal bile acids also indicated that the synthesis of the two primary bile acids was lowered by bran to the same degree.
Late-Life Depression
Authors: Jürgen Unützer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 71-year-old man, whose wife died 6 months previously, presents with foot pain from diabetic neuropathy, poor sleep, lack of energy, and increasing frustration about his inability to "keep his diabetes under control." On examination, he also notes lack of interest, decreased appetite, a weight loss of 4.5 kg (10 lb) over the past 3 months, and intermittent thoughts that he would be better off dead. How should his case be managed?
Hyponatraemia as a cause of reversible ataxia.
Authors: S M Kelsey, A C Williams, D Corbin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

2 observations rares: ataxie cerebelleuse grave liee a une secretion inappropriee d'hormone anti-diuretique sous l'action dun carcinome bronchique. Correction complete de l'ataxie apres retablissement d'une natremie normale
An Atlas of Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: J. H. Dunnington
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This atlas is a comprehensive description of the techniques of ocular surgery which are in use today. Fourteen chapters are devoted to general surgical considerations, anesthesia, and surgery of the eye and its adnexa. The illustrations are numerous, detailed, and well executed. The artist, Robert Bray Wingate, is to be commended for his clear, precise drawings, for, as is customary with atlases, the value of this book rests as much upon its descriptive illustrations as upon its text. In fact, the text is reduced to a minimum and is used only to supplement the pictorial representation of various surgical procedures. Many, if not all, of the operations for such pathologic processes as entropion and ptosis are described. The discussion of cataract extraction includes such controversial operative techniques as the use of α-chymotrypsin and anterior chamber implants. However, the use of intrascleral implants in retinal detachment surgery is not mentioned. There
Protein Requirements of Full-Term Infants
Authors: Calvin W. Woodruff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Protein requirements for full-term infants are determined by the complex interaction of many factors. These factors are best understood within the clearly defined framework of three key concepts: the full-term infant, requirements, and protein. <h3>Full-Term Infant.—</h3> Let us consider first the full-term infant. This term implies that the infant has a birth weight of more than 2,500 Gm. (5 lb. 8 oz.) and that he has just arrived in the world as a separate individual. There are many things that we do not know about him. His growth potential is unknown. He may have an undiscovered congenital anomaly. Although newborn infants are not a standard product, their characteristics as a group are predictable statistically. Variations may occur in body composition, but if their mothers are healthy and adequately nourished, this variability will be relatively small. In the whole population of the United States or the whole world, variability will be
Treatment of aplastic anaemia with antilymphocyte globulin and high‐dose methylprednisolone
Authors: Nicolas Novitzky, Lucille Wood, Peter Jacobs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Twenty‐three consecutive adults with bone marrow aplasia who, apart from one individual, lacked a sibling suitable for allogeneic transplantation, received five daily infusions of 50 mg/kg of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) concurrently with high‐dose (500 mg) methylprednisolone (HDMP), followed by oral prednisone at a dose of 30 mg until day 30. One patient died early so that response could not be determined, but data are available and included in the toxicity as well as survival analysis. Haematological response occurred in 13 of the remaining 22 (59%). This followed a single course of treatment in 12, with complete response achieved in five of this group and a second course required in one. At a median follow‐up of 20 months (range 5–60), there have been five relapses and 13 patients are alive, including 12 responders who have Karnofsky ratings between 90% and 100%. Of the other nine individuals, only two are alive, with 1 at 12 months still requiring active support and the second, after failing further courses of treatment, at 41 months having a partial response to lymphocytapheresis and plasma exchange. Failure to respond was a significant adverse predictor for survival ( P =0.022). This study involved two distinct batches of ALG, with response occurring in 1/7 (14%) patients treated with the first lot, but in 12/15 (80%) of those individuals who were treated with the second ( P =0.007). Only a pretreatment mean cell volume (MCV) greater than 100 fL predicted for response ( P =0.0088). Confirmation is hereby provided for the efficacy of ALG used in combination with HDMP for treatment of aplastic anaemia, with further support for the observation that not all batches of this product are comparable in bringing about haematologic response in these individuals.
A NOTE on the TREATMENT of PUERPERAL INSANITY
Authors: E. W. White
Journal: BMJ (1903)

1THxE late hour of the evening, and the short space of time allotted to each speaker in consequence, at the discussion at the Obstetrical Society on January 7th, prevented me from Saying what I had hoped to have said regarding the treat- ment of puerperal insanity proper in asylums, for, as a member of the Society observed, it is in asylums that by far the larger number of cases are treated.When the premonitory symptoms are observed, that is, -change of manner and feelings with excitability, extreme quietude of surroundings must be ensured, and careful ekilled supervision of patient enforced, to guard against infanticide or suicide by impulse.The bowels must be attended to, regular action being obtained by enemata and .andmild aperients.If there be early insomnia, a sedative draught of potassium bromide 3 ss and chloral hydrate gr.xv [must be given at night.The diet should be liberal And sustaining.For instrumental feeding a mixture of equal Varts milk and strong 'beef-tea, one pint in all at first, with -two or three eggs beaten up in it and a little brandy, if indi- *cated, administered thrice daily with oesophageal tube and funnel.Later on we feed twice a day with one pint and a-half -each time and -two eggs at each meal; lime juice or con-
Lessons for health care rationing from the case of child B
Authors: D. Price
Journal: BMJ (1996)

More details have emerged about the child B leukaemia case with the publication of the All England Law Report on the Appeal Court decision.At the time the view was widely held that the controversy might have been avoided if the respon- sible health authority had consulted the public.The law report reveals, however, that the courts adopted a moral language widely at variance with that of the
Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Fragility Fracture
Authors: Harri Sievänen, Pekka Kannus
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

From an evolutionary perspective, we were born to run [1]. Indeed, the human musculoskeletal system is a fine locomotive apparatus that can adapt to varying demands. Our bones and muscles have the inborn ability to modify their structural and material designs to accommodate additional loads. Present-day athletes, for example, show higher bone mass and more robust structure than nonathletes at loaded bone sites [2].

Studies of skeletal remains show skeletal strength has fallen relative to body size over the course of human evolution, which is thought to be due to the rise in sedentary lifestyles [3]. The loss of bone strength associated with the typical sedentary lifestyles of people in the developed world may result in a higher risk of fractures. One recent study, for example, comparing the proximal femur of medieval and contemporary adults, found that over about 1,000 years the femoral neck axis has become longer and its cross-section has become proportionally smaller [4]. This change in the phenotype of the proximal femur has led to a 50% increase in fall-induced stress upon the bone compared with medieval times [4].

Obviously, a weak bone is more likely to fail than a strong one, but without the excess stress caused by falls, even a fragile bone may cope well with normal living [5]. The root cause of most fragility fractures is falling, which leads to a large load on the bone from a direction it is not particularly adapted to handling. Fractures due to falls among aging people have become a serious public health problem for our modern societies [6,7], so there is great interest in finding preventive strategies. Regular exercise is undoubtedly one of the most promising preventive options, particularly because of its proven benefits for both bone rigidity and neuromuscular performance [7].

Linked Research Article
This Perspective discusses the following new study published in PLoS Medicine:

Michaelsson K, Olofsson H, Jensevik K, Larsson S, Mallmin H, et al. (2007) Leisure physical activity and the risk of fracture in men. PLoS Med 4(6): e199. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040199

From a large cohort study with 35 years of follow-up, Michaelsson and colleagues conclude that regular sport activities can reduce the risk of fractures in older men.
The Number of Lymph Node Metastases in Gastric Cancer Correlates with the Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism
Authors: Christoph Röcken, Uwe Lendeckel, Jutta Dierkes, Sabine Westphal, Stacy Carl-McGrath, Brigitte Peters, Sabine Krüger, Peter Malfertheiner, Albert Roessner, Matthias P.A. Ebert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to substantiate the putative significance of angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE) on gastric cancer biology by investigating the influence of its gene polymorphism on gastric cancer progression. Experimental Design: Genomic DNA was purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tissue specimens. Amplified ACE gene fragments were separated on agarose gels. D or I alleles were identified by the presence of 190- or 490-bp fragments, respectively. Local expression of ACE was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Twenty-four of 113 (21%) gastric cancer patients had the II, 57 (51%) the ID, and 32 (28%) the DD genotype. The distribution of the ACE genotypes did not differ significantly from the control group of 189 patients without gastric cancer. However, the ACE genotypes correlated with the number of lymph node metastases and the Unio Internationale Contra Cancrum (UICC) tumor stage. Patients with the II genotype had a highly significantly smaller number of lymph node metastases (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and a significantly lower UICC tumor stage (P = 0.01) than patients with the DD genotype. No correlation was found between tumor type, tumor location, local tumor growth, distant metastases, and the ACE genotype. The expression of ACE in gastric cancer was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 100 of 113 patients. ACE was expressed by endothelial cells in all (100%) specimens and by tumor cells in 56 (56%) specimens. Conclusions: Our study shows that ACE is expressed locally in gastric cancer and that the gene polymorphism influences metastatic behavior.
Intravenous Tri-Iodothyronine in Acute Alcoholic Intoxication
Authors: Marshall Goldberg, Robert Hehir, Marc Hurowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE effect of the thyroid hormone, L-tri-iodothyronine, in rapidly sobering up acutely intoxicated alcoholic patients has been mentioned by Rawson, Koch and Flach1 and by one of us (M.G.).2 Since the previous reports pertained to topics other than the management of acute alcoholism, however, the details concerning this mode of treatment were not included. Our current experience with the intravenous use of a preparation of the hormone in the therapy of acute alcoholism — one that employs an objective parameter of changing levels of alcoholic intoxication, serial blood alcohol determinations —has been most impressive. The following report is intended to . . .
Isolated central respiratory failure due to syringomyelia and Arnold-Chiari malformation.
Authors: R. Bullock, N. V. Todd, J. Easton, D. Hadley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

testosterone.The increase in their activities may lead to a low testosterone concentration and a high dihydrotestosterone concentration.These changes may explain the reduced ratio of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone found in patients with pancreatic cancer.I Andren-Sandberg A. Estrogens and pancreatic cancer: some recent aspects.
Evaluation of Practice From Physician's Records
Authors: Howard R. Seidenstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The Office Practice of Internists (193:371 1965) left me bewitched, bothered, and bewildered, but not bewitched enough to swallow the pseudoscientific nonsense they propounded and which the editors dignified still further in an editorial (p 388). Kroeger et al state that  records, complete as to established essentials have long been accepted as an objective tool for the evaluation of care rendered in a hospital. If in an argument one grants an opponent's premise, silly as it may be, it may become impossible to disprove the argument. I do not grant the premise that the quality of care is measured by what is on a chart. They go on to say be that as it may, use of the medical office record for the evaluation of care rendered by the physician in his office represents a new concept. It certainly does. When one measures cloth with
Whose Death Is It, Anyway
Authors: Robert H. Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 April 1997Whose Death Is It, AnywayRobert H. Harris Jr., MDRobert H. Harris Jr., MDThe Nephrology Center, Inc., Pensacola, FL 32501Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Numerous articles, such as Dr. Hansot's essay [1] and the accompanying article by Gilligan and Raffin [2], imply that there is almost an epidemic of helpless patients being kept alive in agony by heartless, mechanistic physicians. I am perplexed, however, because my own experiences tell me otherwise.For every patient, or patient's family, who requests withdrawal of life support, I encounter 10 who do the opposite, who adamantly insist that “everything be done,” even when I and other physicians advise that such measures are futile and serve only to increase and prolong suffering.When a patient or ...References1. Hansot E. A letter from a patient's daughter. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:149-51. Google Scholar2. Gilligan T, Raffin TA. Whose death is it, anyway? Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:137-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Nephrology Center, Inc., Pensacola, FL 32501 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 7Page: 586KeywordsElderlyMedical dialysisRenal failure Issue Published: 1 April 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Atropine and Bradycardia After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: NICHOLAS G. KOUNIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 July 1974Atropine and Bradycardia After Myocardial InfarctionNICHOLAS G. KOUNIS, M.D., R. K. CHOPRA, M.B., B.S.NICHOLAS G. KOUNIS, M.D., R. K. CHOPRA, M.B., B.S.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-117 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It is known that acute inferior-wall myocardial infarction is accompanied by sinus or nodal bradycardia, which often is caused either by excessive parasympathetic activity because of stimulation of vagal nerve endings in the posterior part of the atrioventricular groove (1) or the release of depressor substances, such as adenosine (2). The resulting slow ventricular rate leads to a low cardiac output, with consequent hypotension and poor tissue perfusion, which aggravates the myocardial ischemia. Atropine is often used to counteract these complications, but it has some untoward effects, and therefore its value needs careful reassessment.We did a...References1. JAMES T: The coronary circulation and conduction system in acute myocardial infarction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 10:410-449, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JAMES T: The chronotropic action of A.T.P. and related compounds studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node. J Pharmacol Ther 149:233-247, 1965 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. ARMSTRONGDUNCANOLIVER ABM: Natural history of acute coronary heart attack. A community study. Br Heart J 34:67-80, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GOODMANGILMAN LA: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th ed. New York, The Macmillan Company, 1970, p. 530 Google Scholar5. RIGHTMIERHARWOOD DB: Atropine-induced bradycardia (letter). N Engl J Med 289:1039, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walton Hospital Liverpool L91AE England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Evolution of Modern Medicine: Garden to Pill BoxParasympathikolytika und SympathikomimetikaThe effect of atropine on cardiac arrhythmias and conduction. Part 1Effects of atropine in patients with bradyarrhythmia complicating myocardial infarctionBeneficial effects of atropine in the pre-hospital phase of coronary careUse of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 117-118KeywordsAdenosineAtropineBradycardiaCardiac outputHypotensionIschemiaMyocardial infarctionNerve endings Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Allelic imbalances and homozygous deletion on 8p23.2 for stepwise progression of hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Yutaka Midorikawa, Shogo Yamamoto, Shingo Tsuji, Naoko Kamimura, Shumpei Ishikawa, Hisaki Igarashi, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Norihiro Kokudo, Haruhiko Sugimura, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Early hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC) originates from the hepatocytes of chronic liver disease and develops into classical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To identify sequential genetic changes in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, we analyzed molecular karyotypes using oligonucleotide genotyping 50K arrays. First, 1q21.3-44 gain and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p36.21-36.32 and 17p13.1-13.3 were frequently observed in eHCC, but not in chronic liver diseases, suggesting that such chromosomal aberrations are early, possibly causative events in liver cancer. Next, we detected 25 chromosomal loci associated with liver cancer progression in five HCCs with nodule-in-nodule appearance, in which the inner nodule develops within eHCC lesion. Using these chromosomal regions as independent variables, decision tree analysis was applied on 14 early and 25 overt HCCs, and extracted combination of chromosomal gains on 5q11.1-35.3 and 8q11.1-24.3 and LOH on 4q11-34.3 and 8p11.21-23.3 as distinctive attributes, which can classify early and overt HCCs recursively. In these four altered regions identified as late events of hepatocarcinogenesis, two tumors in 32 overt HCCs analyzed in the present study and one in a set of independent samples of 36 overt HCCs in our previous study harbored a homozygous deletion near the CSMD1 locus on 8p23.2. CSMD1 messenger RNA expression was decreased in HCC without 8p23.2 deletion, possibly due to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in its promoter region.1q gain and 1p and 17p LOH are early molecular events, whereas gains in 5q and 8q and LOH on 4q and 8p only occur in advanced HCC, and inactivation of the putative suppressor gene, CSMD1, may be the key event in progression of liver cancer.
The Threat to Medicine
Authors: R. F. Archambault
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The threat to our medical freedom is a lot more subtle than that which we face from our government. It comes from our brethren in the field of hospital administration. These gentlemen have gone far in their quest for power as evidenced by the attitude of a recent applicant for the post of hospital administrator. In referring to his previous hospital, he described the hospital as "his" hospital and the doctors as "his" doctors and the board of directors as "his" board of directors. To him, all of these people played a subservient function to his ultimate aims. These aims are to form medical centers in which the hospital administrator would direct all activities. The hospital administrator at one time was a man of consequence and upon his shoulders fell the burden of the financial solvency of the hospital. Today he has little to worry about, all
High hopes for 'third generation' cephalosporins
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A wide therapeutic range, low toxicity, and strong clinical efficacy against previously hard-to-treat, antibiotic-resistant infections are the main advantages of what is now being called the "third generation" of cephalosporin antibiotics. Scores of papers covering the drugs' microbiologic, pharmacologic, and clinical performance were presented at the 12th International Congress of Chemotherapy in Florence, Italy. What is intriguing about these relatively new cephalosporins and their relatives is that they are able to destroy many of the Gram-negative microorganisms that are not affected by or have become resistant to the first-generation cephalosporins. In addition, through chemical modification of the basic cephalosporin molecular structure, the third-generation drugs are able to sidestep most of the β lactamase enzymes, which have allowed microorganisms to neutralize the effects of many of the first- and second-generation agents. Currently, the only member of the new cephalosporin family on the American market is cefotaxime, developed by Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc,