tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and Time of Development of the Collateral Circulation to the Lung after Occlusion of the Left Pulmonary Artery
Authors: M. HENRY WILLIAMS, EUGENE J. TOWBIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Direct measurements were made of the collateral flow to the left lower lobe of the lung after occlusion of the left pulmonary artery in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Immediately after ligation of the pulmonary artery flow ranged from 4.4 to 9 cc. per minute and varied with the height of the systemic blood pressure. The flow at a given blood pressure did not increase during 2 to 4 hours of observation. After chronic ligation of the left pulmonary artery, the flow increased, ranging from 68 to 376 cc. per minute at the end of approximately one year.
Training for patients in a randomised controlled trial of self management of warfarin treatment
Authors: Ellen Murray, David Fitzmaurice, Debbie McCahon, Chris Fuller, Hardeep Sandhur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Self management of warfarin treatment by patients, using a point of care coagulometer for testing international normalised ratios, is comparable to home glucose monitoring and may provide a robust model of service provision. 1 2Self management can lead to improvements in patients' self efficacy, closer adherence to treatment, and increased control of treatment with oral anticoagulants. 3 We report data on the effectiveness of the training programme used for a clinical trial (self management of anticoagulation: a randomised trial, SMART) which aimed to evaluate clinical and cost effectiveness of self management compared with routine care.UK guidelines indicated that training to a standard acceptable is essential, although the nature of the training was not clearly defined.
Bile Salt Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis by Small-intestine Mucosa in Vitro.
Authors: Leonard Laster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Bile Salt Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis by Small-intestine Mucosa in Vitro.Leonard Laster, M.D. (Associate), Robert K. Ockner, M.D., Minnie L. Woodson, B.S.Leonard Laster, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Robert K. Ockner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Minnie L. Woodson, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1161_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn vivo studies have shown bile salts influence not only intestinal absorption of sterols but also intestinal synthesis of sterols. We assayed scrapings of guinea pig small-intestine mucosa in vitro for incorporation of isotope from 14C-precursors into C27-sterols. Activity was greater in distal gut; animals varied markedly (1965). To test bile salt effects in vitro, we studied incorporation of acetate-2-14C or mevalonate-2-14C into C27 sterols by paired mucosal scrapings from proximal or distal small intestine of a given animal. One flask contained no bile salt, the other either mixed bile salts (TC-GC) or purified taurocholate (TC) or glycocholate (GC).Incorporation... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leonard Laster, M.D. (Associate); Robert K. Ockner, M.D.; Minnie L. Woodson, B.S.Affiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBiosynthesis of Δ7-cholesten-3Β-ol, Δ5,7-cholestadien-3Β-ol, and Δ5-cholesten-3Β-ol by guinea pig intestinal mucosa in vitro 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1161-1161KeywordsBileBiosynthesisGuinea pigsMucous membranesSaltsSmall intestineSterols ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
SIMPLICITY IN INFANT FEEDING.
Authors: CHARLES W. TOWNSEND
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The average physician is generally appalled by the mathematics which play so important a part in present-day papers on infant feeding. He either comes to look on infant feeding as in the highest degree a difficult problem, and babies' digestions habitually delicate, requiring complicated formulæ and frequent minute changes in percentages, or he discards all theories in disgust and leaves the feeding of the baby to the mother or nurse, or even resorts to the wares and printed directions of the advertising food manufacturers. Both of these extremes are undesirable. While there is no doubt that a fairly accurate idea of percentages is of great value in infant feeding, and that the difficult cases can be managed best by keeping these well in view, yet it is perfectly possible for a physician to feed babies successfully without this expert knowledge and to give simple directions for the preparation of the
Ambulatory blood pressure during once-daily randomised double-blind administration of atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and slow-release propranolol
Authors: J S Floras, J V Jones, M O Hassan, P Sleight
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure was measured over 24 hours, in 34 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, both before and after double-blind randomisation to treatment with atenolol (n=9), metoprolol (n=9), pindolol (n=9), or propranolol in its slow-release form (n=7). The dosage of each drug was adjusted at monthly clinic visits until satisfactory control of blood pressure was achieved (140/90 mm Hg or less by cuff) or the maximum dose in the study protocol was reached. A second intra-arterial recording was made after these drugs had been taken once daily at 0800 for three to eight months (mean 5·0±SD 1·4) and was started four hours after the last dose. At the end of the 24-hour recordings blood pressure was significantly lower with all four drugs. The extent to which the drugs reduced blood pressure, however, differed over the 24 hours. Atenolol lowered mean arterial pressure significantly throughout all 24 recorded hours, metoprolol for 12 hours, pindolol for 15 hours, and slow-release propranolol for 22 hours. Neither metoprolol nor pindolol lowered blood pressure during sleep. A significant reduction in heart rate was observed over 20 hours with atenolol, 20 hours with metoprolol, 10 hours with pindolol, and 24 hours with slow-release propranolol. Atenolol, metoprolol, and slow-release propranolol continued to slow the heart rate 24 hours after the last tablet was taken; this effect on heart rate, however, was not sustained throughout the second morning in those patients taking atenolol. Pindolol, the only drug studied that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, increased heart rate and did not lower blood pressure during sleep. Atenolol and slow-release propranolol are effective as antihypertensive agents over 24 hours when taken once daily, whereas metoprolol and pindolol may need to be taken more frequently. At times of low sympathetic tone, however, such as during sleep, beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may raise heart rate and attenuate the fall in blood pressure with treatment.
Wilms?? Tumor Simulating Metastatic Lesion in Anterior Hepatic Scintigram
Authors: SHANTILAL LUNIA, ROBERT B. CHODOS, CHANDRAKANTA LUNIA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

LUNIA, SHANTILAL M.D.; CHODOS, ROBERT B. M.D.; LUNIA, CHANDRAKANTA M.D. Author Information
Separate and Unequal: Residential Segregation and Estimated Cancer Risks Associated with Ambient Air Toxics in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Rachel Morello-Frosch, Bill M. Jesdale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

This study examines links between racial residential segregation and estimated ambient air toxics exposures and their associated cancer risks using modeled concentration estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Air Toxics Assessment. We combined pollutant concentration estimates with potencies to calculate cancer risks by census tract for 309 metropolitan areas in the United States. This information was combined with socioeconomic status (SES) measures from the 1990 Census. Estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics were highest in tracts located in metropolitan areas that were highly segregated. Disparities between racial/ethnic groups were also wider in more segregated metropolitan areas. Multivariate modeling showed that, after controlling for tract-level SES measures, increasing segregation amplified the cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics for all racial groups combined [highly segregated areas: relative cancer risk (RCR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–107; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.28–1.36]. This segregation effect was strongest for Hispanics (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.17; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.61–1.88) and weaker among whites (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24–1.33), African Americans (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.98–1.21; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.24–1.53), and Asians (highly segregated areas: RCR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.97–1.24; extremely segregated areas: RCR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.51). Results suggest that disparities associated with ambient air toxics are affected by segregation and that these exposures may have health significance for populations across racial lines.
A DSRPCL-SVM Approach to Informative Gene Analysis
Authors: Wei Xiong, Zhibin Cai, Jinwen Ma
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

Abstract Microarray data based tumor diagnosis is a very interesting topic in bioinformatics. One of the key problems is the discovery and analysis of informative genes of a tumor. Although there are many elaborate approaches to this problem, it is still difficult to select a reasonable set of informative genes for tumor diagnosis only with microarray data. In this paper, we classify the genes expressed through microarray data into a number of clusters via the distance sensitive rival penalized competitive learning (DSRPCL) algorithm and then detect the informative gene cluster or set with the help of support vector machine (SVM). Moreover, the critical or powerful informative genes can be found through further classifications and detections on the obtained informative gene clusters. It is well demonstrated by experiments on the colon, leukemia, and breast cancer datasets that our proposed DSRPCL-SVM approach leads to a reasonable selection of informative genes for tumor diagnosis.
Antihypertensive drug therapy prevents cerebral microvascular abnormalities in hypertensive rats.
Authors: S L Harper
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Studies were performed on anesthetized 16-18 week old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and Goldblatt two-kidney one clip renal hypertensive rats, treated from age 4-5 weeks with an oral antihypertensive regimen consisting of hydralazine, reserpine, and chlorothiazide. Measurements of flow and intravascular pressure in the cerebral microvasculature were made via a constantly suffused open cranial window using video microscopy. A significant upward shift was seen in the pressure range for cerebral blood flow autoregulation in both groups of untreated hypertensive animals. Following treatment, the autoregulatory range in both hypertensive models was restored to a level nearly identical to control. The prevention of this shift in treated animals was due primarily to the prevention of structural microvascular adaptations that occur in untreated hypertensive animals. By preventing elevations in microvascular pressure, treatment may have eliminated the major stimulus for development of hypertrophy in resistance vessels. However, a persistent increment of arteriolar wall mass in treated spontaneously hypertensive rats may represent a hyperplastic response not influenced by treatment. Likewise, a persistent constriction of the smallest arterioles in treated renal hypertensive rats may represent a differential sensitivity of microvessels to circulating vasoactive agents. It appears that treatment initiated in the prehypertensive state, or before significant sustained hypertension has occurred, can markedly reduce the cerebrovascular morbidity associated with two different forms of hypertension.
Book Review Exons, Introns, and Talking Genes: The science behind the Human Genome Project By Christopher Wills. 368 pp., illustrated. New York, Basic Books, 1991. $23. The Human Blueprint: The race to unlock the secrets of our genetic script By Robert Shapiro. 412 pp., illustrated. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1991. $24.95.
Authors: Alfred I. Tauber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Experiences in a Vaginitis Clinic
Authors: Karl John Karnaky
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Having conducted a vaginitis clinic for many years, I wish to congratulate Dr. Lang on his excellent paper inThe Journal, Dec. 3, 1960. It is well known that cancer must be ruled out in all leucorrhea cases. We no longer suggest that a physician collect only 1 or 2 drops of secretion, but rather as much as possible to facilitate pathogen identification. The secretion is placed in a test tube containing 1/2 to 1 cc. of normal saline solution. For fresh smear studies for<i>Trichomonas, Candida, Hemophilus</i>, types of epithelial cells present, etc., special cultures are made if necessary. Contrary to Dr. Lang's findings, we find that the pH determinations are important. About 85 per cent of the trichomonal or hemophilic or nonspecific vaginal infections produce a pH concentration of 4.9 to 5.9.<i>Candida albicans</i>produces a pH level near 4.5, and all acute vaginitis begins
Healthwatch must engage with patients if it is to fulfil its remit, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The new Healthwatch network will fail if it does not radically transform patient involvement in delivering health and social care and champion people’s right to choice, a conference heard.

Experts said that they hoped the leadership body Healthwatch England and 152 local Healthwatch groups would help to put patients at the heart of services and bring about better models of care.

But some voiced concerns that the new system might not work as planned, could be weakened by conflicts of interest, or see the “usual suspects” and “vocal minorities” elevate their priorities over those of the wider community.

Westminster Health Forum held a seminar in London on 24 April to debate how the new system was being …
THE PROPHYLAXIS OF ROENTGEN-RAY OVERDOSAGE
Authors: R. H. Rulison
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Miss M. B., aged 63, was referred for treatment of a number of senile keratoses of the face. The lesions were thick and did not respond readily to 10 per cent. salicylic acid plaster and the usual ointments. One lesion on the right cheek near the zygema suggested malignant degeneration, and on July 16, 1924, I decided to treat this area with 1⅓ units of roentgen ray filtered through 3 mm. of aluminum. The factors should have been spark gap, 8 inches; 5 milliamperes; time, three minutes, fifty-four seconds; distance, 10 inches. Omission of the filter resulted in the administration of an unfiltered dose of 8 × 5 × 3' 54" at a distance of 8 inches, amounting to 4⅓ skin units. This overdose was given through a 1 inch aperture in a lead screen. The mistake was detected before the patient left the office, and she was asked to
Endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili of Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: S. R. Nallapareddy, K. V. Singh, J. Sillanpaa, D. A. Garsin, M. Hook, S. L. Erlandsen, B. E. Murray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Increasing multidrug resistance in Enterococcus faecalis, a nosocomial opportunist and common cause of bacterial endocarditis, emphasizes the need for alternative therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapy or immunoprophylaxis. In an earlier study, we demonstrated the presence of antibodies in E. faecalis endocarditis patient sera to recombinant forms of 9 E. faecalis cell wall–anchored proteins; of these, we have now characterized an in vivo–expressed locus of 3 genes and an associated sortase gene (encoding sortase C; SrtC). Here, using mutation analyses and complementation, we demonstrated that both the ebp (encoding endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili) operon and srtC are important for biofilm production of E. faecalis strain OG1RF. In addition, immunogold electron microscopy using antisera against EbpA–EbpC proteins as well as patient serum demonstrated that E. faecalis produces pleomorphic surface pili. Assembly of pili and their cell wall attachment appeared to occur via a mechanism of cross-linking of the Ebp proteins by the designated SrtC. Importantly, a nonpiliated, allelic replacement mutant was significantly attenuated in an endocarditis model. These biologically important surface pili, which are antigenic in humans during endocarditis and encoded by a ubiquitous E. faecalis operon, may be a useful immunotarget for studies aimed at prevention and/or treatment of this pathogen.
Life Support for Patients without a Surrogate Decision Maker: Who Decides?
Authors: Douglas B. White, J. Randall Curtis, Leslie E. Wolf, Thomas J. Prendergast, Darren B. Taichman, Gary Kuniyoshi, Frank Acerra, Bernard Lo, John M. Luce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Physicians in intensive care units have withdrawn life support in incapacitated patients who lack surrogate decision makers and advance directives, yet little is known about how often this occurs or under what circumstances. Objective: To determine the proportion of deaths in intensive care units that occur in patients who lack decision-making capacity and a surrogate and the process that physicians use to make these decisions. Design: Multicenter, prospective cohort study. Setting: Intensive care units of 7 medical centers in 2004 to 2005. Patients: 3011 consecutive critically ill adults. Measurements: Attending physicians completed a questionnaire about the decision-making process for each incapacitated patient without a surrogate or advance directive for whom they considered limiting life support. Results: Overall, 5.5% (25 of 451 patients) of deaths in intensive care units occurred in incapacitated patients who lacked a surrogate decision maker and an advance directive. This percentage ranged from 0% to 27% across the 7 centers. Physicians considered limiting life support in 37 such patients or would have considered it if a surrogate had been available. In 6 patients, there was prospective hospital review of the decision, and in 1 patient, there was court review. In the remaining 30 patients, the decision was made by the intensive care unit team alone or by the intensive care unit team plus another attending physician. The authors found wide variability in hospital policies, professional society guidelines, and state laws regarding who should make life-support decisions for this patient population. Thirty-six of 37 life-support decisions were made in a manner inconsistent with American College of Physicians guidelines for judicial review. Limitations: The results are based on physicians' self-reported practices and may not match actual practices. The number of incapacitated patients without surrogates in the study is small. Conclusions: Incapacitated patients without surrogates accounted for approximately 1 in 20 deaths in intensive care units. Most life-support decisions were made by physicians without institutional or judicial review.
Algorithms for Adjustment of Insulin Dosage by Patients Who Monitor Blood Glucose
Authors: Jay S Skyler, Denise L Skyler, Deborah E Seigler, Mary Jo O'Sullivan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Patient self-monitoring of blood glucose is a useful adjuvant to diabetes therapy that facilitates improved glycemic control when used as part of an intensive diabetes management program that includes careful balancing of food intake, energy expenditure, and insulin dosage. This paper describes an approach by which patient-determined blood glucose measurements may be used to attain and maintain glycemic control. The patient is provided with a set of algorithms by which minor adjustments in a therapeutic routine may be made to achieve the desired control.
Monoclonal antibodies and peptide therapy in autoimmune diseases (Immunology Series 59)
Authors: G. Kingsley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mice have a constellation of higher visual areas, but their functional specializations are unclear. Here, we used a data-driven approach to examine neuronal representations of complex visual stimuli across mouse higher visual areas, measured using large field-of-view two-photon calcium imaging. Using specialized stimuli, we found higher fidelity representations of texture in area LM, compared to area AL. Complementarily, we found higher fidelity representations of motion in area AL, compared to area LM. We also observed this segregation of information in response to naturalistic videos. Finally, we explored how popular models of visual cortical neurons could produce the segregated representations of texture and motion we observed. These selective representations could aid in behaviors such as visually guided navigation.
Effect of γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones on baroreflex sensitivity and cerebral blood flow autoregulation in rats
Authors: M Nijsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

In the present paper, we are interested in the effects of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (gamma-MSHs) on cardiovascular regulatory systems.Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and heart rate (HR) were measured in urethane-anaesthetised rats after intravenous administration of lysgamma(2)-MSH, gamma(2)-MSH, gamma(2)-MSH(6-12) or phenylephrine.The gamma-MSHs caused an increase in MAP, CBF and HR, whereas phenylephrine caused an increase in MAP and CBF and baroreceptor reflex-mediated bradycardia. All tested gamma-MSHs showed a significant impairment of the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and CBF autoregulation as compared to the phenylephrine group. gamma(2)-MSH shows identical effects on the baroreceptor reflex and CBF as the endogenous occurring lysgamma(2)-MSH. In addition, the C-terminal fragment of gamma(2)-MSH, gamma(2)-MSH(6-12), induced similar effects as gamma(2)-MSH. The level of increase in MAP was comparable between the gamma-MSHs and the phenylephrine group.The present study suggests that gamma(2)-MSH and the shorter fragment gamma(2)-MSH(6-12) impair baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, due to a strong increase in sympathetic tone and/or change in baroreceptor reflex setpoint, and induce cerebrovasodilatation, which can counteract an autoregulation-mediated cerebrovasoconstriction due to systemic pressor effects. Furthermore, the results indicate that the C-terminal site of gamma(2)-MSH is relevant for its central-mediated inhibitory effects on the baroreceptor reflex and CBF.
The case against memory consolidation in REM sleep: Balderdash!
Authors: William Fishbein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Unfortunately, some researchers think a good scientific theory is one that has been repeatedly confirmed, and a bad theory is one that has not received consistent confirmation. However, confirmation of a theory depends on the extent to which a hypothesis exposes itself to disconfirmation. One confirmation of a highly specific, falsifiable experiment can have a far greater impact than the disconfirmation of twenty experiments that are virtually unfalsifiable. This commentary (1) counteracts misleading biases regarding the REM sleep/memory consolidation theory, and (2) demonstrates how chaotic cerebral activation during sleep is an essential component of long-term memory storage processes. [Vertes &amp; Eastman]