tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful Prevention of Stent Migration Caused by Placement of a Second Stent
Authors: E. Parlak, B. Çiçek, İ. Koruk, S. Dişibeyaz, B. Şahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Plastic biliary stents are among the most important devices used in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Stents are used in the treatment of a number of biliary diseases. They can be used curatively in some conditions, such as biliary leaks, or as palliative treatment, as in distal malignant biliary obstruction. Only one stent is required in many of these cases, but patients with some biliary disorders, such as postoperative benign biliary stricture or proximal malignant biliary stricture, may require more than one stent. One of the most important complications of insertion of a second stent is migration of the first stent as the second stent is pushed in. We describe here a simple maneuver which may be used to prevent this problem (Fig. [1]- [3]).
Effect of X-irradiation and Beta Emanation on Circulation in the Hamster Cheek Pouch
Authors: GEORGE P. FULTON, BRENTON R. LUTZ, ROMA KAGAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The small venules of the hamster cheek pouch were rendered susceptible to hemorrhage by total body x-irradiation, cheek pouch x-irradiation and beta emanations from strontium-90 glass beads imbedded in the cheek pouch, as determined by negative pressure and moccasin venom tests. Petechiae were formed without vessel rupture and ceased without formation of platelet plug or fibrin clot. Increased susceptibility to petechiae preceded thrombocytopenia. Endothelial damage was indicated by increased leukocytic adhesiveness to walls of venules. Vasodilation, tortuosity, newlyformed capillaries, and occasional "sausage-shaped" segments of constriction in arterioles were characteristic vascular responses. Near death, erythrocytes circulated in aggregates varying from typical rouleau formation to discrete masses, resembling "sludged blood" but without formation of occluding thrombi.
Birth pangs: the stressful origins of lymphocytes
Authors: Shiv Pillai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is a transmembrane protein that signals from the ER and contributes to the generation of an active spliced form of the transcriptional regulator X-box–binding protein 1 (XBP1). XBP1 is required for the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells, and IRE1 also participates in this differentiation event. A study in this issue of the JCI reveals, quite unexpectedly, that IRE1 is also required early in B lymphocyte development for the induction of the machinery that mediates Ig gene rearrangement.
A new mechanism of BRAF activation in human thyroid papillary carcinomas
Authors: Alfredo Fusco, Giuseppe Viglietto, Massimo Santoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

In this issue of the JCI, Ciampi et al. report the identification of a novel oncogene in patients affected by radiation-associated thyroid papillary carcinomas. This oncogene derives from a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 7, which results in an in-frame fusion of the N-terminus of the A-kinase anchor protein 9 (AKAP9) gene with the C-terminal catalytic domain (exons 9-18) of the serine-threonine kinase BRAF. The resulting AKAP9-BRAF fusion protein shows constitutive kinase activity, and it is able to transmit mitogenic signals to the MAPK pathways and to promote malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells.
Antibiotic Treatment of Adults With Sore Throat by Community Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Jeffrey A. Linder, Randall S. Stafford
Journal: JAMA (2001)

4][5][6][7][8][9] Group A ␤-hemolytic streptococci is the only common cause of sore throat warranting antibiotic treatment. 10deally, the proportion of patients with sore throat receiving an antibiotic would approximate or perhaps slightly exceed the prevalence of GABHS in those with sore throat.However, 76% of adults and 71% of children diagnosed with pharyngitis in 1992 were treated with an antibiotic. 11,12Therefore, pharyngitis represents 5.6 million annual antibiotic prescriptions and is responsible for 9% of all antibiotics used in adults, over half of which are likely unnecessary. 11ompared with the frequency of antibiotic prescription, less is known about the classes of antibiotics prescribed for patients with sore throat.The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends using penicillin or erythromycin (for those who are penicillin allergic) as the first-line agent for patients with sore throat due to GABHS. 13These recommendations were recently reiterated in the guidelines for the treatment of adults with acute pharyngitis issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Phy-sicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. 14,15Penicillin and erythromycin are recommended because of
PARALLEL PSYCHOLOGICAL, PSYCHIATRIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS UNDER INSULIN SHOCK TREATMENT
Authors: B. H. MCNEEL, J. G. DEWAN, C. R. MYERS, L. D. PROCTOR, J. E. GOODWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

This paper attempts to illustrate a method of quantitatively assessing certain psychological, psychiatric and physiological changes occurring in a group of schizophrenic patients, before, during and after insulin shock therapy. These changes have been recorded in such a way as to permit their graphic presentation, except the electroencephalographic observations which in this series happen not to lend themselves to this type of presentation. Subsequent electroencephalographic observations suggest that it will bet possible to include their graphic presentation in a later report. The paper represents an effort to correlate simultaneous observations on a small group of schizophrenic patients, and suggests a fair correlation between the clinical psychiatric rating, psychometric rating and a lesser correlation between these two observations and the basal metabolic rate. Five catatonics in this small group, showing marked psychomotor inertia, suggest that such patients show an abnormal fast frequency in the electroencephalogram. Further work is now in progress to include sugar and insulin tolerance observations along with the basal metabolic rate, psychometric, psychiatric and electroencephalographic observations in a larger series than that presented in this paper.
Miliary Crohn's disease.
Authors: W Bartnik, J Krynski, E Butruk, J Orlowska
Journal: BMJ (1977)

1135 treating epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia.The measurement of plasma sodium concentrations, blood concentrations of the drug, and AVP (if the assay is available), may improve the management of an individual patient and prevent the rare complication of water intoxication.
Abstract LB-489: MDM2 alternative splicing: fine-tuning the p53 damage response
Authors: Aishwarya G. Jacob, Ravi K. Singh, Thomas W. Bebee, Dawn S. Chandler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cell survival is dependent upon precise control of the activity of the tumor suppressor p53. p53 is a transcription factor and is known to control a number of biological processes including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by transactivating downstream genes. Several proteins are reported to affect p53 activity but the murine double-minute protein, MDM2, and a closely related family member, MDM4, are two of the most critical regulators of p53. In previous work, we have identified alternative splicing of both the MDM2 and MDM4 genes in response to UV damage implicating alternative splicing in the cell's normal surveillance mechanism. However, the role of the splice variants in the DNA damage pathway remains elusive. To determine the role the alternative splice forms play in the p53 damage response, overexpression of the UV-induced isoforms, MDM2-ALT1 and MDM4-ALT2, was performed. Both MDM2-ALT1 and MDM4-ALT2 are capable of negatively regulating the full-length MDM2 and MDM4 full-length proteins thereby increasing p53 levels. Interestingly, each splice variant activates a distinct and unique subset of p53 target genes. An additional type of cellular stress, hypoxia, induces alternative splicing of MDM2 as well, but generates a different splice form known as MDM2-ALT2. This splice form activates a third unique profile of p53 target genes. Hence, the splicing status of the MDM2 and MDM4 genes is capable of dictating unique p53 programs. We are also currently investigating p53-independent functions for the damage-induced splice variants to better understand their role in the damage response and tumorigenesis. This work elucidates regulated splicing as a novel mechanism by which cellular injury can control the activity of p53 within the cell. By producing specific alternatively spliced variants of both MDM2 and MDM4, yet another layer of p53 regulation is initiated in order to fine-tune the cell's response to damage. Because MDM2 and MDM4 alternative splice variants are characteristic of numerous cancer types, this work indicates that the status of MDM2 and MDM4 splicing could be a consideration in determining treatment options for cancers for which p53 activation is a therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-489. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-489
Use of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics: An effective topical anesthetic for slit-smear testing of patients with Hansen’s disease
Authors: Anne E. Burdick, Katherine A. Lehrer, Lourdes Barquin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA, ASTRA USA, Inc., Westborough, Mass.), a mixture of lidocaine (2.5%) and prilocaine (2.5%), provides dermal analgesia when applied under occlusion for a variety of invasive procedures, including skin grafting, biopsy, and curettage. 1-14 Our preliminary studies (Burdick AE, oral presentation, Hansen's Disease Forum, American Academy of Dermatology, Washington, D.C., Feb. 14, 1996) have shown evidence of its usefulness in pain reduction for slit-smear testing of patients with Hansen's disease.
Appendectomy—Surgical History.
Authors: C. B. Stemen
Journal: JAMA (1902)

"Ft. Wayne, Ind., Jan. 21, 1902. "Dr. B. Merrill Ricketts, Cincinnati, O. <h3>"Dear Doctor:</h3> —The enclosed clipping fromThe Journalof the American Medical Association was sent me this morning by my son, Dr. George C. Stemen, of Denver. ["Appendectomy— Surgical History," Page 46, this Volume.] I had overlooked this in readingThe Journal. "In regard to my case, I will say that on April 22, 1887, I was called in consultation to see a man said to be suffering from general peritonitis and called "perityphlitis." There was every indication that the man would die, and I said that if he would consent, I would operate on him. He not only consented but requested that it be done. I made the operation and found a large quantity of pus and a necrosed appendix almost detached. I removed it and drained, and the patient is living today. You misunderstood me when
601 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A 360 μG/WEEK IN COMBINATION WITH RIBAVIRIN IN HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS: ANALYSIS FROM THE CHARIOT STUDY
Authors: W.S.C. Cheng, S. Roberts, M. Weltman, D.H.G. Crawford, W. Sievert, G. McCaughan, W. Rawlinson, P. Desmond, M. Yoshihara, B. Rizkalla, J. DePamphilis, P. Marks, G.J. Dore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
New Approaches May Aid Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE URGENCY that afflicts patients with inflammatory bowel disease is being matched in the search for effective treatment. "There is a lot of reason to be optimistic," though much of the hope stems from unconfirmed trials, says Stephen Hanauer, MD, codirector of the University of Chicago's outpatient gastrointestinal clinic. Current treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are as unsatisfactory as these two somewhat similar diseases are unpredictable. Sulfasalazine cannot be tolerated by one third of patients, and neither it nor steroids are proven to maintain remission. But with the consensus that some immune malfunction is involved in the etiology of these diseases, several existing agents and one new class of drugs are being tried, according to reports at a Digestive Disease Week program in San Antonio, Tex. Among others, the following treatments were reported: The sun may shine on 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs), effective now as enemas, with the report
Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with High Hematocrit.
Authors: Karl Tornyos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with High Hematocrit.Karl Tornyos, M.D., F.A.C.P.Karl Tornyos, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1086_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn patients with hematocrit of 60% or above the A blood viscosity is increased, and the tissue oxygenation is compromised. There is an increased incidence of cardiovascular complications. Immediate phlebotomy is often done, but if the red cell volume is not increased and the plasma volume and total blood volume are decreased, phlebotomy may be harmful. Twenty-five patients with hematocrits of 60% or above have been studied. Patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of dehydration are not included. Red cell volume was determined by chromium-51 and plasma volume by iodine-131 human serum. The expected red cell volume and plasma volume... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Charleston, South Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1086-1087KeywordsBloodBlood cellsBlood volumeClinical laboratoriesHematocritPatientsPhlebotomyPlasma cellsPlasma volumeResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidemiology of congenital pigmented naevi: I. Incidence rates and relative frequencies
Authors: EDUARDO E. CASTILLA, MARIA DA GRACA DUTRA, IEDA M. ORIOLI-PARREIRAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Pigmented naevi (PN) were clinically diagnosed in 1083 newborn infants from a series of 531,831 consecutive livebirths examined in fifty-nine hospitals in South America. Isolated PN (IPN) were seen in 989 (0.2%) non-malformed infants, while PN associated with other congenital anomalies (APN) were observed in ninety-four (1.0%) malformed babies. Incidence rates calculated from the fifty-nine hospitals were very variable due to under-reporting, which might have been as high as 80%. The PN were classified by their location, number, size, texture, and colour. Observed locations were compared with random expected distributions based on the surface proportions of the newborn. IPN were preferentially found on the chest and abdomen, with a low concentration on the head and upper limbs. No examples were observed on soles or palms. IPN were single in 90% of cases. Size was small (1–9 mm) in 29%, medium (10–;40 mm) in 63%, and large (over 40 mm) in 8% of cases. Abnormal texture, (rugose, raised, and/or hairy) was found in 7–11% of IPN. Colour was brown in 68%, black in 21%, and of other colours in 11%. The large IPN tended to be multiple in number and abnormal in texture. Small IPN tended to be black. IPN on the chest and abdomen were more frequently small, non-black, and of normal texture; those found on the back tended to be black and abnormal in texture; black IPN were also frequent on the upper limbs; large IPN frequently affected the lower limbs. The APN did not differ from the IPN in their number, size, texture, or colour. APN were less common than expected on the back and upper limbs. An association was observed between the PN and the following four congenital anomalies: ear deformities, preauricular appendages, angiomas, and other skin anomalies. The differences in distribution of PN in the newborn infant and that in the adult that have been previously published suggest that most of the PN found in the adult are not congenital.
The Recent U.S. Experience in the Treatment of End-Stage Renal Disease by Dialysis and Transplantation
Authors: H. Krakauer, J. S. Grauman, M. R. McMullan, C. C. Creede
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We determined survival rates and rates of graft retention for patients who had begun to receive dialysis or had received transplants between January 1, 1977, and December 31, 1980, using the data collected by the Medical Information System of the Health Care Financing Administration, which covers nearly all persons with end-stage renal disease in the United States. We found that among patients receiving transplants in successive years in the period from 1977 to 1980 the rates of graft retention showed progressive and substantial increases, whereas survival rates for both dialysis and transplant recipients remained stable. In addition, we found that transplant recipients were subject initially to high risks of graft loss and death, but that these risks decreased rapidly in the few months after transplantation. The population receiving dialysis was subject to a nearly constant death rate, which was generally higher than the stable late-mortality rate among transplant recipients. Blacks had higher survival rates than whites on dialysis, black and white patients had similar survival rates after transplantation, and black patients had lower rates of retention of functioning grafts. Finally, our analysis indicates that the best results were obtained in recipients of kidneys from related donors.
Insulin-induced cortical actin remodeling promotes GLUT4 insertion at muscle cell membrane ruffles
Authors: Peter Tong, Zayna A. Khayat, Carol Huang, Nish Patel, Atsunori Ueyama, Amira Klip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by recruiting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface; this phenomenon is defective in type 2 diabetes. Here we examine the involvement of actin filaments in GLUT4 translocation and their possible defects in insulin resistance, using L6 myotubes expressing myc-tagged GLUT4. Insulin caused membrane ruffling, a dynamic distortion of the myotube dorsal surface. Fluorescence microscopy and immunogold staining of surface GLUT4myc coupled to backscatter electron microscopy revealed a high density of this protein in membrane ruffles. The t-SNAREs syntaxin4 and SNAP-23 were also abundant in these regions. Below the membrane, GLUT4 and the vesicular protein VAMP2, but not VAMP3, colocalized with the actin structures supporting the membrane ruffles. GLUT4myc externalization and membrane ruffles were reduced by jasplakinolide and by swinholide-A, drugs that affect actin filament stability and prevent actin branching, respectively. Insulin resistance generated by prolonged (24 hours) exposure of myotubes to high glucose and insulin diminished the acute insulin-dependent remodeling of cortical actin and GLUT4myc translocation, reminiscent of the effect of swinholide-A. We propose that GLUT4 vesicle incorporation into the plasma membrane involves insulin-dependent cortical actin remodeling and that defective actin remodeling contributes to insulin resistance.
"Gray Platelets Syndrome": A New Thrombocytopathy.
Authors: Giovanni Raccuglia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969"Gray Platelets Syndrome": A New Thrombocytopathy.Giovanni Raccuglia, M.D.Giovanni Raccuglia, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1085_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study describes an 11-year-old boy with life-long history of bruising and recurrent petechial rashes associated with thrombocytopenia. Petechiae had been noted first on the day of birth. The patient's record revealed platelet counts variable between 25,000 and 150,000/mm3. The higher values had been observed during corticoid therapy. The appearance of petechiae was heralded by severe pain in the large articulations, especially the knees. Past history was otherwise negative. The patient's parents and two siblings were free from bleeding tendency.Beside scattered ecchymoses and petechiae in the lower extremities the physical examination was negative.Platelets were 52,000/mm3, clot retraction was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Giovanni Raccuglia, M.D.Affiliations: Louisville, Kentucky PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1085-1086KeywordsBirthHemorrhageKneesPlateletsRashes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sporadic Legionellosis in the United States: The First Thousand Cases
Authors: Albert C. England, David W. Fraser, Brian D. Plikaytis, Theodore F. Tsai, Gregory Storch, Claire V. Broome
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

As of 30 September 1979, 1005 confirmed cases of sporadic legionellosis caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 4 in U.S. residents had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control; 19% were fatal. All but 2% of the 1005 cases were associated with pneumonia documented by chest radiograph. About 75% of the cases occurred in June through October. The risk of acquiring sporadic legionellosis was increased among males and persons 50 years or older; persons with renal disease necessitating dialysis or transplantation, with chronic bronchitis or emphysema, with diabetes mellitus, and with cancer (10 selected sites or types); persons who smoke; and persons being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Increasing age and chronic bronchitis or emphysema were associated with increased risk of death. The sensitivity of culturing L. pneumophila from specimens positive by direct immunofluorescence was estimated to be 45%. The distribution of serogroups 1, 2, 3, and 4 of L. pneumophila in 57 fresh, not previously examined direct fluorescent antibody-positive specimens was 84%, 11%, 4%, and 2%, respectively; all 26 strains isolated from these specimens were of one of these four serogroups.