tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Compliance in a district hospital with 2010 British Thoracic Society guidelines on initial management strategies for acute spontaneous pneumothoraces
Authors: Numbere Numbere, Ajikumar Kavidasan, Rabinder Randhawa, Milan Bhattacharya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The 2010 BTS pleural disease guidelines provide a framework for managing acute spontaneous pneumothoraces. We looked at compliance over 12 months (2010 - 2011) with BTS recommended initial management strategies in a district hospital.  METHOD  We searched records using keyword pneumothorax. Only patients 16 years or older with a diagnosis of acute spontaneous pneumothorax were included.  RESULTS  We identified 25 cases: 20 male and 5 female. 13 were primary type and 12 were secondary.  10 were aspirated, 11 had drains inserted and 4 discharged without action. Initial management was BTS compliant in 22 / 25 cases (88%). 3 were non-compliant including 2 unnecessary drains and 1 aspirated case that should have been drained.  CONCLUSION  We found excellent compliance at 88% but a high unnecessary drainage rate, 2 / 11. To stop unnecessary / unsafe chest drain insertion, we led a trust-wide publicity campaign based around an awareness poster and a chest drain proforma.  It remains key that BTS pneumothorax guidance including drain indications is reinforced - chest drain proformas are useful tools toward this.
Comparing two different modes of education delivery during pulmonary rehabilitation using the lung information needs questionnaire
Authors: Melanie D. Curtis, Claire M. Nolan, Jane L. Canavan, Sarah E. Jones, Samantha S.C. Kon, William D.-C. Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background 

Education is an essential component of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Provision from a specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT) is considered gold standard, but this may be impractical or cost-ineffective in the community or home. Education via a DVD may be a cost-effective alternative but limited data exists.

Aim 

To compare conventional PR education delivered to patients by a MDT with PR education delivered via a DVD of lectures.

Method 

Over 1 year, 331 patients completed an 8-week PR program of 2 supervised sessions per week (1 hour aerobic/resistance training;1 hour education). 282 attended sessions in hospital where education was delivered directly by a MDT via lectures and group discussion; 49 patients attended PR in a community gym where education sessions consisted of lectures played on a DVD recorded by the same MDT (DVD). Exercise-training protocols were the same in both groups. All education sessions were supplemented by a home education pack. Changes in the Lung Information Needs Questionnaire (LINQ) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire mastery domain (CRQ-M) were used to assess effectiveness of education.

Results 

There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. There was no significant change in mean(SE) LINQ between TEAM and DVD (unpaired t-test: MDT -4.4(0.2) v DVD -4.3(0.5); p=0.91) or in median(IQR) CRQ-M (Mann Whitney: MDT 2(0-5) v DVD 3(0-6); p=0.40) with PR. Patient satisfaction rates were similar with high levels reported in both groups (MDT:96%, DVD:98%; Fishers exact test p=1.00).

Conclusion 

DVD technology may be a practical alternative of delivering PR education sessions.
Misuse of correlation and regression in three medical journals
Authors: Alan M W Porter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Errors relating to the use of the correlation coefficient and bivariate linear regression are often to be found in medical publications. This paper reports a literature search to define the problems. All the papers and letters published in the British Medical Journal, The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine during 1997 were screened for examples. Fifteen categories of errors were identified of which eight were important or common. These included: failure to define clearly the relevant sample number; the display of potentially misleading scatterplots; attachment of unwarranted importance to significance levels; and the omission of confidence intervals for correlation coefficients and around regression lines.
Tobacco, Alcohol, Asbestos, and Nickel in the Etiology of Cancer of the Larynx: A Case-Control Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J D Burch, G R Howe, A B Miller, R Semenciw
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Tobacco, Alcohol, Asbestos, and Nickel in the Etiology of Cancer of the Larynx: A Case-Control Study Get access J. David Burch, J. David Burch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey R. Howe, Geoffrey R. Howe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anthony B. Miller, Anthony B. Miller 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Miller. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Semenciw Robert Semenciw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 6, December 1981, Pages 1219–1224, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.6.1219 Published: 01 December 1981 Article history Received: 19 February 1981 Accepted: 22 July 1981 Published: 01 December 1981
Repigmentation of leucotrichia in vitiligo with noncultured cellular grafting
Authors: E.Y. Gan, N. van Geel, B.K. Goh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Vitiligo in hair-bearing areas is often associated with leucotrichia. Repigmentation of leucotrichia has been reported mainly with tissue and follicular hair grafts.To evaluate the repigmentation response of leucotrichia after noncultured cellular grafting.We retrospectively reviewed patients with stable generalized and segmental vitiligo who underwent noncultured cellular grafting from March 2008 to November 2010 in areas with leucotrichia. The percentage repigmentation of white hairs was based on clinical assessment and standardized digital photography, and was graded 'poor', 'fair', 'good' or 'excellent', corresponding to a scale of 0-100% repigmentation with respective intervals of 25%.Eighty-four patients with vitiligo underwent cellular grafting; of these, 13 had grafting in areas with leucotrichia. Twelve patients (92%) had poor repigmentation of leucotrichia 3 months after transplant. One patient defaulted follow-up after this period. At 6months, fair repigmentation was achieved in eight out of the 12 remaining patients (67%). After 9-12months, however, 91% (10 out of 11) of the patients achieved good or excellent repigmentation. One patient did not reach the 9-month follow-up period at the time of data analysis. Leucotrichia of eyebrows yielded excellent repigmentation in eight out of nine patients, whereas hairs on the limbs and scalp showed good repigmentation in two out of two patients at 9-12 months.Good to excellent repigmentation of leucotrichia can be achieved with noncultured cellular grafting, obviating the need for hair transplantation.
Phase II randomized trial comparing high-dose cisplatin with moderate-dose cisplatin and carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. European Lung Cancer Working Party.
Authors: J P Sculier, J Klastersky, V Giner, G Bureau, J Thiriaux, G Dabouis, A Efremidis, F Ries, M C Berchier, R Sergysels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE A phase II randomized trial was conducted in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to determine if the combination of moderate-dose cisplatin and carboplatin was active (primary end point) and could avoid the long-term limiting (renal, auditive, neurologic) toxicity of high-dose cisplatin, which prevents prolonged administration (secondary end point). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-one patients, registered between April 1990 and September 1991, were randomized to receive high-dose cisplatin (120 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on day 1) or a combination of moderate-dose carboplatin (200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and moderate-dose cisplatin (30 mg/m2 IV on days 2 and 3). One hundred nine patients were eligible: 56 in the cisplatin arm and 53 in the combined arm; 52 and 47, respectively, were assessable for response. All had stage IV disease (or stage IIIB with pleural effusion) and none had received prior chemotherapy. RESULTS There was a 23% objective response rate to cisplatin (23% of the eligible patients) and a 22% response rate to cisplatin plus carboplatin (21% of the eligible patients). The overall survival rate was not significantly different between the two study arms, but responders in the combined arm survived significantly longer than those in the high-dose cisplatin arm (respective median survival durations, 66 and 30 weeks). Although there was no difference between the arms for alopecia, emesis, and leukopenia, the combined arm was significantly associated with more thrombocytopenia (although rarely severe) and, more importantly, with less renal (19% v 36%), auditive (4% v 16%), and neurologic (0% v 16%) toxicity of any grade. CONCLUSION The regimen combining moderate-dose cisplatin and carboplatin was active against advanced NSCLC and significantly less toxic than high-dose cisplatin.
Spontaneous Neoplastic Transformation &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro:&lt;/italic&gt; Ultrastructure of Transformed Cell Strains and Tumors Produced by Injection of Cell Strains
Authors: Richard Cornell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Four independently derived, spontaneously transformed, murine embryo-cell strains and tumors produced by intramuscular injection of the cell strains were studied by electron microscopy. This report emphasizes the close structural similarity between such cells and normal connective tissue fibroblasts as seen in vivo. Like normal fibroblasts, the fusiform spontaneously transformed cells contained numerous fine cytoplasmic filaments (especially as aggregates in the peripheral cytoplasm) and irregularly dilated, extensively developed, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The interstitium of the tumors had an abundance of collagen fibers and smaller, nonbanded filaments. In the cultures, though nonbanded extracellular filaments were abundant, morphologically identifiable collagen fibers were much less common than in the tumors. Viral particles were not consistently observed in either the tumors or the strains from which they were derived.
Off-label Drug Use and Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Chester B. Good, Walid F. Gellad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A retrospective series of gut aspergillosis in haematology patients
Authors: E. Kazan, J. Maertens, R. Herbrecht, M. Weisser, B. Gachot, A. Vekhoff, D. Caillot, E. Raffoux, T. Fagot, O. Reman, F. Isnard, A. Thiebaut, S. Bretagne, C. Cordonnier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
GMC proposes single test for all doctors wishing to work in UK
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

All doctors who wish to work in the United Kingdom will have to sit a standard test to determine whether they are fit to practise, the General Medical Council has announced.

The test, called the UK medical licensing assessment (UKMLA), would replace the current Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) test taken by overseas medical graduates. However, UK trained graduates would also be expected to sit the test to gain a place on the medical register.

Terence Stephenson, chair of the GMC, said that the assessment was still in the early days of development, with much detail to be worked out, but added that it would ensure a “straightforward and transparent route” to …
Final Result of Randomized Phase 2 Trial Comparing Amrubicin (A) with Re-Challenge of Platinum Doublet (P) in Patients (Pts) with Sensitive-Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Sclc): Njlcg0702
Authors: M. Maemondo, A. Inoue, S. Sugawara, Y. Mori, S. Oizumi, M. Harada, K. Taima, N. Morikawa, T. Ishida, I. Kinoshita, H. Watanabe, T. Suzuki, T. Nakagawa, R. Saito, T. Nukiwa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Comparison of post-operative hospital stay and pulmonary complications between patients with and without COPD:From evaluation of fast-track recovery program after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Koji Iwai, Hideki Hayashsi, Tetsuya Oguma, Tohru Asai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical entity that is characterized by reduced pulmonary function. In addition, COPD is associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and complicated by osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and others. After cardiovascular surgery, pulmonary complications are an important determinant for recovery. To assess whether COPD independently affects postoperative status, we compared patients with and without COPD in fast-track recovery program after cardiovascular surgery.  Methods  This study consisted of 72 patients (all men, 72.3±7.1 years old): 27 COPD patients and 45 non-COPD patients. In fast-track recovery program after cardiovascular surgery, we evaluated postoperative hospital stay and pulmonary complications.  Fast-track recovery program:60-m walk load test was performed on the next day, 200-m walk load test was performed on the second day, and bicycle ergometer training was performed from the third day after surgery to the discharge.  Results  Pulmonary functions (FEV1, FEV1%predicted, FEV1/FVC) were significantly lower COPD than non-COPD patients before surgery. We performed after surgery, there was no significant difference in the postoperative hospital stay (11.7 vs 12.6 days), the occurrence of postoperative atelectasis (51% vs 52%), and the duration of resolution of atelectasis (4.7 vs 6.1 days) between the 2 groups.  Conclusion  This study indicates that the postoperative fast-track recovery program achieved short hospital stay and quick recovery from pulmonary complications irrespective of the presence of COPD.
Health related quality of life and occupational COPD
Authors: David Fishwick, Leon Lewis, Anthony Darby, Judith Waterhouse, Paul D. Blanc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Heath-related quality of life (HRQL) is a key patient-centered outcome. It is known that COPD impacts on HRQL, and that occupational exposures lead to COPD. The inter-relationship among these, however, remains to be better understood.

Methods: Data from a population-based cohort study based in Sheffield, UK, were used to study the association between occupational exposure in the longest held employment to inhalants associated with COPD and HRQL. Exposure was defined using a job exposure matrix (JEM) and HRQL with the 3 point scale European Quality of Life 5 Dimension (EQ5-D). Multiple regression analysis was used to test the association between exposure and HRQL, adjusted for socioeconomic status, sex, age, smoking status, lung function deprivation, female gender and stratified by a self-reported COPD diagnosis.

Results: We analyzed data for 623 persons, of whom 148 had self-reported COPD and 475 did not. The overall mean EQ5D utility index was 0.68 (SD 0.31). Occupational exposure was associated with significantly worse HRQL among all subjects (0.069 units difference) and among those without COPD (0.061 units), both p<0.05. The difference in just those with self reported COPD was 0.070 units, (p=0.26), although self reported occupational exposures in those with COPD were significantly associated with a poorer HRQL.

Conclusion: Occupational exposure to inhalants associated with COPD is associated with poorer HRQL both among those without COPD.

Clinical Relevance: Occupational exposures negatively impact HRQL which is a key patient-centered outcome.
Does muscle wasting always mean muscle weakness? A prevalence study in COPD
Authors: Emilie Tremey, François Alexandre, Amandine Calvat, Nicolas Oliver, Alain Varray, Nelly Heraud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Peripheral muscle mass and strength are relevant indicators of COPD survival. Current guidelines recommend to assess muscle strength only in muscle wasted patients. However, a recent study reported quadriceps weakness without muscle wasting (Menon, M  et al . Resp. Res.2012, 13:119). Thus, these guidelines raise the risk to miss out some weak patients. In clinical settings, fat-free-mass index (FFMI) is indicated as a simple index to assess muscle wasting. We aimed at determining the prevalence of patients entering in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR)  a priori  not eligible for muscle strength evaluation given the lack of muscle wasting clinical signs.  FFMI and Quadriceps strength (QMVC) were assessed in 138 COPD patients (FEV1=52±24%). In absence of consensus, we used the criteria of Seymour, JM.  et al . (ERJ.2010,36(1):81–88),  ie  muscle wasting =FFMI muscle weakness =((obs.-pred. QMVC)/8.58)  52% of patients (n=72) had no muscle wasting. Among them, 47% (n=34) had muscle weakness  ie  25% of the total sample. Surprisingly, among the 48% (n=66) of muscle wasted patients, 55% (n=36) exhibited normal strength.  Beyond the fact that clinical tools and criteria of muscle evaluation should be clearly defined, our results reveal that half of weak patients had no muscle wasting. Thus, structure and function should not be considered as 2 necessarily dependent parameters. Hence, we propose to evaluate both parameters in all patients before RP to ensure the best patient management taking into account their real needs concerning both muscle weakness and wasting. Furthermore, the absence of muscle weakness in some muscle wasted patients also suggests the existence of compensatory neuromuscular mechanisms.
Excess TGF-β mediates muscle weakness associated with bone metastases in mice
Authors: David L Waning, Khalid S Mohammad, Steven Reiken, Wenjun Xie, Daniel C Andersson, Sutha John, Antonella Chiechi, Laura E Wright, Alisa Umanskaya, Maria Niewolna, Trupti Trivedi, Sahba Charkhzarrin, Pooja Khatiwada, Anetta Wronska, Ashley Haynes, Maria Serena Benassi, Frank A Witzmann, Gehua Zhen, Xiao Wang, Xu Cao, G David Roodman, Andrew R Marks, Theresa A Guise
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
A Poxvirus of Primates. I. Growth of the Virus &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and Comparison With Other Poxviruses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A H Nicholas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

A primate poxvirus (OrTeCa) isolated from a skin lesion in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was studied along with four known poxviruses: vaccinia, monkeypox, swinepox, and Yaba. It grows in established lines of monkey kidney cells at a rate intermediate between that of vaccinia and monkeypox and that of swinepox and Yaba. The cytopathic effects produced by OrTeCa virus resemble those produced by swinepox virus, although, unlike swinepox, it cannot be propagated in porcine cells. Neither can OrTeCa be grown in rabbit kidney or chick embryo cells or on chick chorioallantoic membranes, all of which support the growth of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. OrTeCa forms plaques about the same size as those of Yaba and swinepox viruses, but they appear earlier; they are morphologically similar to the plaques of vaccinia and monkeypox viruses. The thermal stability of OrTeCa is about the same as that of vaccinia and monkeypox but greater than that of Yaba virus.
Identification of helicobacter pylori VacA in human lung and its effects on airway epithelial cells
Authors: Shota Nakashima, Tomoyuki Kakugawa, Tatsuhiko Harada, Shintaro Hara, Noriho Sakamoto, Masayuki Nakano, Yuji Ishimatsu, Hajime Isomoto, Hiroshi Mukae, Hisao Kurazono, Toshiya Hirayama, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

[Background]  Association of gastro-esophageal reflux and microaspiration with various respiratory diseases has been reported. Chronic infection with  Helicobacter pylori  ( H. pylori ) is major cause of gastroduodenal disease. We hypothesized that vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA, produced by  H. pylori  could be aspirated into the lung through gastro-esophageal reflux and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by lung epithelial cells.  [Methods]  Immunohistochemistry of VacA was performed with lung tissue from 38 patients with interstitial pneumonia who underwent surgical lung biopsy. Pepsin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured in the same patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Airway epithelial A549 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of VacA. The transcription and secretion of IL-8 by A549 cells was measured by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively.  [Results]  VacA was detected in the bronchial epithelial cells and in the mucus in the bronchioles in 4 out of 38 patients (10.5 %) by immunohistochemistry. The pepsin levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in the VacA-positive group than in the VacA-negative group. Incubation with 120 nM VacA for 24 hours resulted in vacuolation of A549 cells, and significantly induced mRNA expression and protein production of IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner.  [Conclusion]  We demonstrated here that VacA produced by  H. pylori  was present in the lung and induced IL-8 production in airway epithelial cells. VacA could play a part in respiratory diseases by inducing the secretion of IL-8 by airway epithelial cells.