tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wet combing versus traditional scalp inspection to detect head lice in schoolchildren: observational study
Authors: J. De Maeseneer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Lice infestation is a problem in local communities, probably because reservoirs remain undetected. Wet combing (combing systematically through wet, well conditioned hair with a fine toothed comb) has been presented as a cheap, ecological, self sufficient, and feasible technique for diagnosis and treatment of head lice.1-3 Compared with traditional scalp inspection it uses five elements to make living lice more visible, to better distinguish them from dandruff, and to assess the maturity of the infestation: water, conditioner, a fine toothed comb, a systematic sweep of the scalp, and a magnifying glass (10×). However, its efficacy as a diagnostic tool and as a therapeutic intervention has not been proved; hence it is not evidence based.

We did an observational study comparing detection of head lice using traditional scalp inspection and wet combing. After ethical approval had been obtained, all 260 pupils, aged 2-12 years, of a primary school in a socially deprived urban area …
HEREDITARY HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: J J WALSH, R L GRIFFITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Case Reports1 December 1955HEREDITARY HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA: REPORT OF A CASEJOHN J. WALSH, M.D., ROBERT L. GRIFFITH, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN J. WALSH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT L. GRIFFITH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-43-6-1309 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrequently the recognition of a hereditary metabolic defect is of considerable significance to the physician and to the patient. This is particularly true when the manifestations of the defect may be easily confused with those of important pathologic processes. For this reason the following case is reported in its entirety.CASE REPORTThis 21 year old white Coast Guardsman first became ill in December, 1952, when he developed vague abdominal distress, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. He denied other symptoms on admission to a private hospital 10 days after the onset of his illness. Within 24 hours of admission the patient...Bibliography1. KolmerSpauldingRobinson JAEHHW: Approved laboratory technic, 5th Ed., 1951, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, p. 250. Google Scholar2. DameshekSinger WK: Familial nonhemolytic jaundice, Arch. Int. Med. 87: 259, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. ComfortHoyne MWRM: Constitutional hepatic dysfunction, Gastroenterology 3: 155, 1944. Google Scholar4. RozendaalComfortSnell HMMWAM: Slight and latent jaundice, J. A. M. A. 104: 374 (Feb. 2) 1935. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. MalloyLowenstein HTL: Hereditary jaundice in the rat, Canad. M. A. J. 42: 122, 1940. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication October 4, 1954.†U. S. Public Health Service Hospital, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUntersuchungen �ber den Blutumsatz bei posthepatitischen und anderen funktionellen Hyperbilirubin�mienChronic idiopathic jaundiceTHE RECOGNITION AND DIFFERENTIAL FEATURES OF INDIRECT REACTING HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA*STANLEY REICHMAN, M.D., WILLIAM D. DAVIS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 December 1955Volume 43, Issue 6Page: 1309-1316KeywordsMedical servicesNauseaVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1955 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cytosolic StAR-related lipid transfer domain 4 (STARD4) protein influences keratinocyte lipid phenotype and differentiation status
Authors: H.M. Elbadawy, F. Borthwick, C. Wright, P.E. Martin, A. Graham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Terminally differentiating keratinocytes actively synthesize and accumulate cholesterol, which is a key constituent of intercellular lipid lamellae which contribute to the epidermal permeability barrier. While the pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis is established, intracellular transport mechanisms for this lipid are poorly understood, despite their importance in regulating organelle sterol content, keratinocyte differentiation status and the activity of lipid-responsive transcription factors involved in skin health, repair and disease. Recent data implicate proteins containing a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain in cellular cholesterol homeostasis.To investigate gene expression of cytosolic, cholesterol-binding StAR-related lipid transfer domain 4 (STARD4) protein in primary human keratinocytes and differentiating HaCaT keratinocytes and, by overexpression of this protein, the function of STARD4 in HaCaT keratinocyte lipid phenotype and differentiation status.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure gene expression of STARD4 relative to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Following transient (48 h) overexpression of STARD4, keratinocyte lipid mass and lipogenesis were measured, along with expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and those encoding a range of keratinocyte differentiation markers.Cholesterol-binding protein STARD4 is expressed in both primary and immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes, and is repressed during Ca(2+) -dependent differentiation of the latter. Transient overexpression of STARD4 reduces endogenous [(14) C]cholesterol and cholesteryl ester biosynthesis, and triggers increased expression of SREBF2, ABCG4 and LOR, while repressing expression of ABCA1.The cytosolic cholesterol-sensing protein STARD4 modulates both keratinocyte cholesterol homeostasis and differentiation status, increasing the efficiency of cholesterol trafficking within the cell, and amplifying and 'fine-tuning' cellular responses to this sterol. Modulation of expression of STARD4, and other members of the START family of lipid trafficking proteins, may prove useful in resolving imbalances in lipid metabolism associated with loss of epidermal barrier function in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
Reconstituted human airway epithelium 3D-model to assess the impact of air pollutants on the inflammatory response
Authors: Gaëlle Bardet, Sophie Achard, Isabelle Momas, Nathalie Seta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The respiratory route is an important portal for human exposure to a large variety of substances suspended in the air, the nasal epithelium being the first line of defense. Consequently, there is an urgent need for realistic  in vitro  strategies for evaluation of the cellular effect of airborne substances with regard to air pollution. The present study investigated feasibility of a 3D human airway epithelial model to study nasal epithelial answer to gaseous pollutant exposure. Nasal epithelial model (MucilAir™), containing ciliated, mucus and basal cells, cultured at the air–liquid interface, was exposed to tobacco smoke (compared to air) via the apical epithelial surface during 5 minutes, one, two or three-times at 24 h intervals per week. The inflammatory cellular effect of this complex mixture was evaluated by measuring the daily cytokine production in the basolateral culture medium and assessing the beating of the cilia. All experiments ended after 2 or 4 weeks and cellular viability was assessed, as well as trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) identified as an early marker of epithelial barrier integrity. A large increase in IL8 and IL6 production depending on the number of exposure to tobacco smoke was observed, whereas no change was observed with air exposure. Considering the absence of cellular toxicity results indicate that the 3D human airway epithelial model used in this study is adapted to repeated gaseous exposures and could be used thereafter to test the effect of airborne pollutants.
Abstract 17932: Increased Cardiac Contractility and Improved Cardiac Remodeling in Gravin (AKAP12) Knock-out Mice in Response to Chronic {beta}-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation
Authors: Xing Yin, Cori Wijaya, Dongling Li, Ashley Guillory, Bradley K McConnell
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation is the primary mechanism to increase cardiac contractility. However, chronic β-AR stimulation, as occurs in heart failure, results in receptor desensitiz...
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate glioma regression and immunological memory in a syngeneic rat model.
Authors: Gwendalyn King, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Chunyan Liu, Sarah Honig, Kurt Kroeger, Regis Josien, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

258   Rapid rates of tumor mutation and tumor recurrence post-glioma resection hinder the long-term efficacy of current treatment modalities. In a large syngeneic rat model of glioma we tested whether Flt3L and HSV1-TK expression would induce intra-tumoral recruitment of dendritic cells capable of antigen presentation. Fifteen and twenty-two days after tumor implantation, treatment with adenovirus (Ad) encoding Flt3L and HSV1-TK induced infiltration of plasmacytoid Dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Plasmacytoid DCs isolated from treated tumors were capable of in vitro antigen uptake and did not express MHC II or CD86 on their cell surface suggestive of an immature phenotype. PDCs induced in vitro allogenic T cell proliferation suggesting that they can present antigen to T cells. Tumor antigen specific T cells were detected by IFNγ elispot. We examined long-term efficacy of Flt3L and TK treatment to prevent tumor recurrence. 100% of animals rechallenged with GBM in the contralateral hemisphere, 60 days after primary GBM implantation survived long term and exhibited INFγ secreting, tumor antigen specific Tcells. Immunological memory responses to CNS-1 tumors were dependent on the presence of CD8+ cells as their depletion abrogated survival. Since pDCs serve as the major secretory cell for IFNα, we aimed to test if this cytokine would elicit similar effects as Flt3L. In a small tumor model IFNα alone was sufficient to induce 50% survival. However in a large tumor model IFNα was not effective. When IFNα was expressed with TK in tumor bearing rats ~50% survival was observed in a large tumor model. Expression of IFNα alone or with TK in naive rat brain resulted in extensive damage to the striatum, dramatic weight loss, leukopenia and the infiltration of CD68, CD8 and MHCII expressing cells into the brain. Unlike Ad-Flt3L/Ad-TK, use of Ad-IFNα induced gross neuropathological abnormalities to the striatum and severe systemic adverse side effects. In conclusion, Ad-Flt3L/Ad-TK treatment of glioma induces infiltration of antigen presenting cells capable of inducing adaptive immune responses without toxic side effects and warrant further development of this therapeutic approach for the implementation of a clinical trial for GBM. Funding: NIH/NINDS Grant 1R01 NS44556.01; 1R21-NSO54143.01; 1UO1 NS052465.01 to M.G.C.; NIH/NINDS Grants 1 RO1 NS 054193.01; RO1 NS 42893.01, U54 NS045309-01 and 1R21 NS047298-01 to P.R.L. The Bram and Elaine Goldsmith and the Medallions Group Endowed Chairs in Gene Therapeutics to PRL and MGC, respectively, The Linda Tallen & David Paul Kane Foundation Annual Fellowship and the Board of Governors at CSMC. GDK is supported by NIH/NINDS 1F32 N50503034-01. M.C is supported by NIH/NINDS 1F32 NS058156.01.
THE CHALLENGE OF APPENDICITIS
Authors: Reginald Fitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 March 1939THE CHALLENGE OF APPENDICITISREGINALD FITZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.REGINALD FITZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-9-1442 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAll men of Harvard and of Boston, particularly, are deeply interested in the history of appendicitis. For at the first meeting of the Association of American Physicians on June 18, 1886, R. H. Fitz, a Bostonian, the Shattuck Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Harvard University and Keeper of the Pathological Cabinet at the Massachusetts General Hospital, read a paper entitled, "Perforating Inflammation of the Vermiform Appendix with Special Reference to Its Early Diagnosis and Treatment." This paper was thoughtfully discussed by such distinguished internists as William Pepper of Philadelphia and E. G. Janeway of New York. This date may fairly... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Delivered before the American College of Physicians, New York City, April 7, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiagnostic Utility of Serum CA-125 Levels in Cases of Acute Appendicitis in Male Patients - A Hospital Based StudyFactors Associated with Failure of Nonoperative Management for Complicated AppendicitisManagement of acute suppurative appendicitis in the small rural hospital 1 March 1939Volume 12, Issue 9Page: 1442-1448KeywordsAppendicitisInflammation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention of Airsickness with Meprobamate
Authors: John J. Franks
Journal: JAMA (1962)

WHILE the principal nervous pathways by which vestibular stimulation produces vomiting have been worked out, the mechanisms and sites of action of drugs effective in motion sickness are unknown. These drugs, without notable exception, are either belladonna alkaloids or antihistamines with central parasympatholytic properties. Despite the probable role of psychological factors in motion sickness, ataractic drugs tested under controlled conditions have been of little value. Since the tranquilizers tested thus far have all been of the autonomic type, we considered it of interest to examine meprobamate, a mild tranquilizer in wide use which is inactive at the autonomie level. Methods Four hundred and forty-one unselected airmen, 17 to 20 years of age, with little or no flying experience, were tested in 16 flights in C-54 aircraft. Twelve to 32 volunteers, divided into 3 or 4 treatment groups, participated in each flight. Each group received either a lactose placebo (500 mg.),
Fine-scale variation in a cancer-specific signature of stably-expressed genes correlates with metastatic capacity and clinical outcome
Authors: Kun Yu, Jeanie Wu, Patrick Tan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B53 

Background: Genes that are stably expressed across multiple tissues and conditions are well known in biology as normalization controls (“housekeeping genes”). However, comparatively less attention has been paid to genes exhibiting stable expression specifically in diseased but not healthy tissues.    Results: Using a microarray database of 341 neoplastic and normal tissues, we identified 48 genes expressed at similar levels in tumors while simultaneously displaying significantly greater expression variation in normal tissues. This tumor-specific “stability signature” (TSS) was largely undetectable by mean-based microarray analyses, rendering it distinct from the ‘differentially expressed’ genes typically described in microarray studies. The TSS was robustly cross-validated by a repeated random sampling assay, and in eleven independent data sets representing ~1300 tissues of multiple types. Four lines of evidence indicate that the TSS is functionally relevant to cancer. First, a statistical pathway analysis revealed that genes in the TSS were significantly associated with neoplastic development and integrin signaling. Second, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p53CSV , a TSS gene, enhanced the invasive capacity of AGS gastric cancer cells in vitro . Third, fine-scale variations of TSS expression in three different cancer models, including a panel of breast cancer cell lines and a murine metastasis assay, were significantly correlated with metastatic and invasive capacity. Fourth, within patient cohorts, similar variations of TSS expression in tumors were significantly associated with clinical outcome. Conclusion: Our results suggest that diverse cancers may harbor a general requirement for maintaining TSS expression. Moreover, fine-scale differences in TSS expression between individual tumors may also contribute to disease and phenotypic heterogeneity.
Madonna of Port Lligat
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Germany sets up register to promote safer use of methadone.
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The federal government of Germany has introduced new regulations aimed at making the use of methadone as a heroin substitute safer.

The new restrictions are the result of a dramatic increase in mortality. Last year there were 2032 deaths from drug misuse in Germany, and in 1 in 4 cases the user was found to have taken methadone. The drug seems to have come on to the …
Abstract 15850: Desmin Expression is Abnormal in Myofibers of the Gastrocnemius of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease and is Associated With Impaired Mitochondrial Respiration and Reduced Muscle Strength
Authors: Panagiotis Koutakis, George P Casale, Julian Kyung-So Kim, Dimitrios Miserlis, Zhen Zhu, Evlampia Papoutsi, Duy M Ha, Stanley A Swanson, Lauren A Carpenter, Sara A Myers, Jason M Johanning, Iraklis I Pipinos
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) develop a myopathy in their ischemic limbs which is characterized by myofiber degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased muscle force production. Desmin, a cytoskeletal protein of the myofiber, is central to maintenance of the structure, shape and function of the myofiber and its organelles especially the mitochondria. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that desmin expression in myofibers of the gastrocnemius of PAD patients is abnormal and correlates with decreased mitochondrial respiration and reduced muscle strength. Methods and Results: We quantified desmin protein and gene transcripts in myofibers of gastrocnemius biopsies from 30 PAD patients and 29 controls and determined their association with myofiber morphology, mitochondrial respiration and calf muscle strength. Compared to control, desmin protein and gene transcripts were increased in myofibers of PAD gastrocnemius. Increased expression was associated with a diffuse appearance of the protein, suggesting a loss of its normally filamentous structure. These changes in desmin correlated with altered myofiber morphology, decreased mitochondrial respiration and reduced calf muscle strength. Conclusions: Desmin expression and organization are abnormal in myofibers of the gastrocnemius of patients with PAD and these changes correlate with decreased mitochondrial function and reduced muscle strength.
Trust defends decision to retain private beds at Heart Hospital
Authors: A Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The chief executive of the London NHS trust that bought the privately owned Heart Hospital has defended his decision to retain a third of the unit's 95 beds for private patients.

Robert Naylor of University College London Hospitals NHS Trust said that the purchase of the financially ailing unit, which was running at a third of its capacity, would transform cardiac services in the capital.

He added: “We haven't guaranteed anything. We have started off with the proposition that the existing consultants will want to continue to bring the same number of private patients in. The number of private cases at the hospital may well go down in the future.

“The reason we …
Large Bowel Disorders
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Luigi Pavan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

Psychopathology and alexithymia were investigated in a consecutive series of 60 patients suffering from large bowel disorders (ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and appendicitis). Patients with irritable bowel syndrome reported the highest percentage of psychiatric illness and the lowest alexithymic score. Conversely, patients with ulcerative colitis showed very pronounced alexithymic traits with limited psychopathology. Implications for psychosomatic research and treatment are discussed.
Runx1 protects hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from oncogenic insult
Authors: Motomi Osato, Lena Motoda, Namiko Yamashita, Bindya Jacob, Yoshiaki Ito
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

C2   The RUNX1/AML1 gene encodes a transcription factor essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells and is frequently targeted in human leukemia. In human RUNX1-related leukemias, the RAS pathway is often concurrently mutated, but the mechanism of the synergism remains elusive. Here, we found that inactivation of Runx1 in mouse bone marrow cells results in an increase in the stem/progenitor cell fraction due to suppression of apoptosis and elevated expression of the polycomb gene Bmi-1, which is important for stem cell self-renewal. Introduction of oncogenic N-RAS into wild-type cells, in contrast, reduced the stem/progenitor cell fraction due to senescence, apoptosis and differentiation. Such detrimental events occurred presumably due to the cellular fail-safe program, although hyperproliferation was induced initially by an oncogenic stimulus. Runx1 insufficiency appears to impair such fail-safe mechanism, particularly in the stem/progenitor cells, thereby supporting the clonal maintenance of leukemia-initiating cells expressing an activated oncogene.