tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin-Heparin Covalent Complex
Authors: Anthony K.C. Chan, Janusz Rak, Leslie Berry, Peng Liao, Michal Vlasin, Jeffrey Weitz, Petr Klement
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The anticoagulant effect of heparinoids is attributed to their cofactor activity for antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II. In patients with thrombosis, however, thrombin is often protected from AT-dependent, heparin-mediated inactivation. The purpose of this study was to compare the properties of unfractionated/standard heparin (UFH/SH) and those of a novel covalent AT-heparin complex (ATH) in a rabbit arterial thrombosis prevention and bleeding model. Methods and Results — Thrombosis in the distal aorta was triggered by vessel wall injury and critical stenosis. Blood flow in the damaged arterial segment was monitored with a flow probe placed distal to the constrictor. Rabbits were given doses of SH (62.5 to 187.5 IU · kg −1 · 90 min −1 ) or ATH (16 to 65 IU · kg −1 · 90 min −1 ). Cumulative blood loss from skin incisions was used to assess drug safety. The antithrombotic effects of ATH were greater than those of SH as measured by clot weight, blood flow, and vessel patency; eg, complete thrombus resolution was achieved with ATH (33 to 65 IU/kg), but not SH (125.0 to 187.5 IU/kg). At doses that produced equivalent vessel patency (50% to 60%), blood loss induced by ATH (60.2 μL) was 2.6-fold lower ( P &lt;0.05) than that induced by SH (154.6 μL). Conclusions — In our experimental system, ATH was able to control arterial thrombosis more effectively than its SH precursor, without pronounced bleeding.
EPIDEMIC PREVALENCE IN THE LIGHT OF EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS
Authors: L. T. Webster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

This is perhaps a timely occasion to classify and evaluate the results of seven years' experimental study of epidemic diseases.At the annual meetings of this association in 1921, Flexner (1) outlined a plan for the investigation of mouse typhoid infection under the controlled conditions of the laboratory; previously, Topley (2), in London, delivered the Goulstonian lectures on the same subject.Since then, the English investigators, the group at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, and Neufeld and Lange, in Germany, have furthered these studies and brought them to a state suitable for discussion.Hence,.although admirable critiques have already been published recently by Neufeld (3), Topley (4), and Flexner (5), it may be of use to summarize briefly our own conclusions, and relate them as far as possible to epidemic prevalence in man.Furthermore, there is special need at present for a restatement of the general problem, a classification of current theories, and formation of a basis for further investigation.This implies a review of methods and techniques employed, with a discussion of the mutual relationship, advantages, and limitations of each.To these questions, therefore, it is proposed to give attention as well as to summarize briefly the actual results obtained.The first step in the experimental study of an epidemic disease is the close observation of the infection as it occurs naturally.Knowl- edge of the distribution of the specific microbes in nature, their portal of entry into the animal body, various types of animal response, etc., is essential.Thus prepared, one is in a position to plan experiments under conditions which are controlled and yet simulate nature, and to attain results which are relatively free of a certain inevitable labora- 465
Orthotics: Principles and Practice
Authors: Henry H. Stonnington
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Splinting and bracing have been part of the physician's options for many centuries. Modern materials have enabled orthotics to take a quantum leap forward. Detailed knowledge of the scientific basis for understanding joint movement, posture, and gait has given us means not only for designing new orthotics, but also of proving their worth. The author of this book is a wellknown British orthopedic surgeon who had been director of an orthotic research and locomotor assessment unit. Consequently, he can explain succinctly the mechanical principles and the essential components of gait. There is a delightful appendix on the biomechanics of the foot, as well as one dealing with the principles of materials and structures used in orthoses. There is an excellent section on the classification of orthoses. The rest of the book (nearly half) is devoted to regional considerations. Orthoses for all areas of the body are mentioned for both the
Inhibition of platelet aggregation with histamine
Authors: Joseph J. Mazza, Patience F. Gatlin, James J. Marx
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract A sensitive in vitro technique was used to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of histamine on human blood platelets. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was completely inhibited at 10 −3 M concentrations of histamine. Persistent elevations of cyclic AMP levels were shown to occur in the platelets when histamine was added and corresponded to the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. In contradistinction to the analogous inhibitory effects by histamine on other cellular elements of the hematopoietic system, this inhibitory effect on platelets could not be blocked by equimolar concentrations of either of the classes of histamine antagonists presently available. It is suggested that there may be other additional histamine receptors on the surface of membranes of platelets or that histamine mediated its inhibitory effect on platelets through a mechanism other than surface receptors.
Is High-Resolution Computed Tomography a Reliable Tool to Predict the Histopathological Activity of Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis?
Authors: PAUL SOLER, ANNE BERGERON, MARIANNE KAMBOUCHNER, ODILE GROUSSARD, MICHEL BRAUNER, PHILIPPE GRENIER, BRUNO CRESTANI, HERVÉ MAL, ABDELLATIF TAZI, JEAN PAUL BATTESTI, PAULE LOISEAU, DOMINIQUE VALEYRE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has proved to be very useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), but the precise relationships between nodules and thin-wall cysts observed by HRCT, and granulomatous or cystic lesions present in lung tissue, remain to be established. The aim of this study was to compare quantitative data obtained by HRCT and those obtained by histopathological examination of corresponding lung tissue specimens in patients with biopsy-proven PLCH. The results demonstrated that the extent of nodular abnormalities was strongly correlated with the density of florid granulomatous lesions in lung tissue. A strong correlation was also found between the extent of cystic abnormalities and the density of cavitary lesions, but the latter included both still inflammatory cavitary granulomas and cicatricial fibrous cysts. Interestingly, small isolated florid granulomas were found in lung tissue from most patients with a predominant cystic CT scan pattern. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HRCT has to be considered with caution to evaluate the histopathological activity of PLCH. Patients presenting with predominant HRCT cystic abnormalities should benefit from a long-term follow-up. Because these patients are susceptible to developing severe respiratory insufficiency, they should also be considered for treatment as soon as an effective therapy for LCH is available.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Myofascial Syndrome
Authors: Joseph Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report in TRENDS IN THERAPY by Burnell R. Brown, Jr, MD, PhD, "Diagnosis and Therapy of Common Myofascial Syndromes" (239:646-648, 1978), was interesting but also provocative. The author defines myofascial syndrome describing certain diagnostic criteria that also would apply equally to conversion reaction and malingering. Unfortunately, no method is presented to help differentiate these diagnostic categories from the myofascial syndrome. Dr Brown recommends injection with water-soluble steroid and indicates that repetitive injections are given into various parts of the body over a considerable period of time. Although certain complications such as toxic reaction and inadvertent block of cervical nerve are mentioned, Dr Brown does not indicate whether any reactions were seen from over-dosage with steroid (Cushing-like disorders). Unfortunately, I have seen several Cushing complications from repetitive steroid injections of "trigger areas." Also, since the author had the advantage of reviewing 500 cases, one wonders whether any
Mutations in <i>STAT3</i> and <i>IL12RB1</i> impair the development of human IL-17–producing T cells
Authors: Ludovic de Beaucoudrey, Anne Puel, Orchidée Filipe-Santos, Aurélie Cobat, Pegah Ghandil, Maya Chrabieh, Jacqueline Feinberg, Horst von Bernuth, Arina Samarina, Lucile Jannière, Claire Fieschi, Jean-Louis Stéphan, Catherine Boileau, Stanislas Lyonnet, Guillaume Jondeau, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Martine Le Merrer, Cyrille Hoarau, Yvon Lebranchu, Olivier Lortholary, Marie-Olivia Chandesris, François Tron, Eleonora Gambineri, Lucia Bianchi, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Simona E. Zitnik, Julia Vasconcelos, Margarida Guedes, Artur Bonito Vitor, Laszlo Marodi, Helen Chapel, Brenda Reid, Chaim Roifman, David Nadal, Janine Reichenbach, Isabel Caragol, Ben-Zion Garty, Figen Dogu, Yildiz Camcioglu, Sanyie Gülle, Ozden Sanal, Alain Fischer, Laurent Abel, Birgitta Stockinger, Capucine Picard, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The cytokines controlling the development of human interleukin (IL) 17–producing T helper cells in vitro have been difficult to identify. We addressed the question of the development of human IL-17–producing T helper cells in vivo by quantifying the production and secretion of IL-17 by fresh T cells ex vivo, and by T cell blasts expanded in vitro from patients with particular genetic traits affecting transforming growth factor (TGF) β, IL-1, IL-6, or IL-23 responses. Activating mutations in TGFB1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 (Camurati-Engelmann disease and Marfan-like syndromes) and loss-of-function mutations in IRAK4 and MYD88 (Mendelian predisposition to pyogenic bacterial infections) had no detectable impact. In contrast, dominant-negative mutations in STAT3 (autosomal-dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) and, to a lesser extent, null mutations in IL12B and IL12RB1 (Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases) impaired the development of IL-17–producing T cells. These data suggest that IL-12Rβ1– and STAT-3–dependent signals play a key role in the differentiation and/or expansion of human IL-17–producing T cell populations in vivo.
Abstract 3718: Oncolytic reovirus synergizes with bortezomib and dexamethasone in overcoming therapy resistance of multiple myeloma
Authors: Chandini M. Thirukkumaran, Zhong-Qiao Shi, Joanne Luider, Nizar Bahlis, Paola Neri, Don Morris
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy that accounts for 10% of hematopoietic neoplasms. Recently we have demonstrated the potential of reovirus as novel therapeutic agent for a majority of MM cell lines and ex vivo patient tumor. However, therapy resistant disease still remains a problem. In the present study we demonstrate that reovirus acts synergistically with bortezomib and/or dexamethasone in oncolysis of therapy resistant MM cell lines. Methods: The MM cell lines RPMI 8226, U266, NCIH929, U266, INA-6, KMS11 and OPM2 were incubated with live (LV) or UV-inactivated (DV) reovirus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 40 for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively and cell death was assessed via the WST assay. Reovirus resistant OPM2 and moderately sensitive KMS-11 that are also resistant to bortezomib and dexamethasone were selected for combination therapy and treated with reovirus and drugs at various concentrations to evaluate Effective Dose 50% (ED50) values. ED50 values for each drug and reovirus was combined in various concentrations but with consistent ratios and percent toxicity was determined. Using Calcusyn software, combination index (CI) values were generated and synergism determined as per Chou-Talalay method. Results: Highly synergistic cytotoxicity was observed with reovirus and bortezomib in both reovirus and drug resistant cell lines OPM2 and KMS-11 at all drug combination ratios. Dexamethasone and reovirus treatment induced synergy in OPM2 cells. Conclusion: Not all MM cell lines are amenable to reovirus mediated cell death. This has important implications for the future use of reovirus as a therapeutic agent for cancer as phase II clinical trials for MM are underway. This study highlights the importance of preclinical studies in evaluating effective reovirus drug combinations for future use that could be extrapolated to a clinical setting. Currently we are evaluating the effects of these drug combinations under in vivo conditions in a mouse model that represents the clinical course of MM. The underlying mechanism of reovirus and drug induced cytotoxicity is also being investigated at present. Understanding the signalling pathways of resistant tumor will help develop a more personalized approach of reovirus therapy for cancer patients in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3718. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3718
How Clinicians Can Help Smokers to Quit
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1148: Array comparative genomic hybridization of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma samples obtained from formalin fixed paraffin embedded autopsy specimens
Authors: Miia Suuriniemi, Katherine Warren, Keith Killian, Yonghong Wang, Martha Quezado, Robert L. Walker, Paul S. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have recently optimized the method of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue processing for high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). This will facilitate the copy number assessment of number archival clinical surgical pathology specimens as well as biopsies with debated utility. Molecular characterization of archival specimens can potentially clarify the biology of diseases with unclear etiology and poor prognosis such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). In the case of DIPG, which is seldom biopsied, at present autopsy samples provide the only practical approach to studying this disorder. Here we performed aCGH on FFPE autopsy specimens obtained from children with DIPG. DNA was extracted from FFPE blocks obtained from autopsy on 14 pediatric DIPG patients using a modified Qiagen DNeasy kit. Non-enzymatic Universal Linkage System (ULS) chemical labeling was used to directly couple fluorescent dyes with the sample and reference DNAs (1ug each), which were then hybridized to 105k oligonucleotide CGH microarrays (Agilent). Arrays were scanned and data analyzed in Nexus Copy Number software. Twenty-one samples from 14 subjects were available for the study from which CGH was successfully performed on 18 samples representing 12 patients. All samples demonstrated DNA aberrations. Frequent DNA copy number changes included gain of 1q, 7p, and loss of 10q. High copy number amplification of known oncogenes was observed, including PDGFRA, EGFR, CCND1, and MYCN. Homozygous deletions of known tumor suppressor genes included PTEN and CDKN2A. Our tissue processing method demonstrates the feasibility of successfully using DNA derived from FFPE autopsy material for aCGH. The pediatric DIPG sample set was highly informative with the majority of specimens showing at least 1 abnormality related to a known cancer gene. Significant heterogeneity among DIPG patients as well as aberrations in candidate drug targets (KIT and EGFR) were observed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1148.
Gallium Scanning and Inflammatory Lesions
Authors: Melvin J. Fratkin, Alton R. Sharpe, Jerry I. Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974Gallium Scanning and Inflammatory LesionsMELVIN J. FRATKIN, M.D., ALTON R. SHARPE JR., M.D., JERRY I. HIRSCH, PHARM.D.MELVIN J. FRATKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALTON R. SHARPE JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JERRY I. HIRSCH, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-114 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although originally intended for use as a bone-scanning agent,67Ga was seen to localize in soft tissue tumors (1). Littenberg and colleagues (Ann Intern Med79:403-406, 1973) now suggest that67Ga scanning may be useful in localizing inflammatory lesions in septic patients. We reviewed their communication with considerable interest, for we had arrived at the same conclusion. Intrigued by67Ga uptake in an occult traumatic psoas abscess (2), we initiated a study to determine whether67Ga routinely accumulated in inflammatory abscesses (data are being prepared for publication). Forty-six patients with suspected intra-abdominal and soft tissue abscesses...References1. EDWARDSHAYES CR: Tumor scanning with "gallium citrate. J Nucl Med 10:103-105, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. FRATKINSHARPE MA: Nontuberculous psoas abscess: localization using 67Ga. J Nucl Med 14:499-501, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByProtective effect of stress-induced liver damage by saponin fraction from Codonopsis lanceolataInhibitory effect of saponin fraction from Codonopsis lanceolata on immune cell-mediated inflammatory responsesNoninvasive Imaging Tests in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraabdominal Abscesses in the Postoperative PatientPathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of abdominal abscessesGiant cell tumour of bone in focal dermal hypoplasiaDiagnosis and Treatment of Intra-abdominal Abscess in Critically Ill PatientsThe roles of gallium-67 scintigraphy, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in the detection of abdominal abscessesGallium-67 imaging in abdominal disease 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1Page: 114-115KeywordsAbscessesLesionsSoft tissues Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cases of Typhoid Fever in Infants.
Authors: E. Chenery
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is commonly thought that typhoid fever is rare in young children. Perhaps this is so, yet so far as I have observed, it is not much of a respecter of persons, for in my experience it has ranged through all ages. The following cases it may be proper to state: Some years ago my wife took this fever while nursing a child 6 months old. This child became sick with the disease the same day and, though separated from her parent, ran a course<i>pari passu</i>with her mother. When one had a good day the other did, and when one had a bad day the other followed suit. It was not till the end of three weeks that there began to be signs of improvement. But both began to improve the same day, and so went on. For two years afterwards both were alike subject
mGluR1/5-Dependent Long-Term Depression Requires the Regulated Ectodomain Cleavage of Neuronal Pentraxin NPR by TACE
Authors: Richard W. Cho, Joo Min Park, Steffen B.E. Wolff, Desheng Xu, Carsten Hopf, Jin-ah Kim, Radhika C. Reddy, Ronald S. Petralia, Mark S. Perin, David J. Linden, Paul F. Worley
Journal: Neuron (2008)
HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE NECESSARY FOR LICENSURE—A SUGGESTION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Authors: LAWRENCE E. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Much has been written on medical education, and the better medical schools are trying to raise the standard by requiring more in the way of general education before allowing one to matriculate, and a more thorough knowledge of medicine, both theoretical and practical, before granting a diploma. The civil authorities in the different states are more or less active in the same line, one state after another in the past few years having made it illegal for a person to practice medicine before he has, ostensibly, shown his fitness for the work, by passing the examination of the licensing board. These facts show, in brief, that: (1) The standard of educational equipment of the average physician is so low that those best fitted to judge are far from satisfied with it, and (2) these are anxious to improve the present state of affairs. We must admit, however, that the present
Book Review Pediatric Heart Failure (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology. Vol. 53.) Edited by Robert E. Shaddy and Gil Wernovsky. 897 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., Taylor &amp; Francis, 2005. $199.95. 0-8247-5929-X
Authors: Wyman W. Lai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Testicular Function in Patients with Testicular Cancer Treated with Bleomycin-Etoposide-Carboplatin (BEC90) Combination Chemotherapy
Authors: Dimitrios Pectasides, Melina Pectasides, Dimitrios Farmakis, Maria Nikolaou, Maria Koumpou, Vassiliki Kostopoulou, Nikolaos Mylonakis
Journal: European Urology (2003)
HIF–prolyl hydroxylase inhibition results in endogenous erythropoietin induction, erythrocytosis, and modest fetal hemoglobin expression in rhesus macaques
Authors: Matthew M. Hsieh, N. Seth Linde, Aisha Wynter, Mark Metzger, Carol Wong, Ingrid Langsetmo, Al Lin, Reginald Smith, Griffin P. Rodgers, Robert E. Donahue, Stephen J. Klaus, John F. Tisdale
Journal: Blood (2007)