tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus in Burkitt's Lymphoma and Control Groups&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gertrude Henle, Werner Henle, Peter Clifford, Volker Diehl, George W. Kafuko, Barnabas G. Kirya, George Klein, Richard H. Morrow, Germano M. R. Munube, Patricia Pike, Peter M. Tukel, John L. Ziegler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Numerous sera from African patients with Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) or other malignant and nonmalignant diseases, as well as sera from various control populations, were titrated in indirect immuno-fluorescence tests for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The results reaffirmed the unusual frequency (87%) of high liters (≧1:160) among active BL patients. Although low titers (≦1:80) were found in some histologically confirmed cases, they were somewhat more frequent among a) patients whose diagnosis could not be confirmed or remained in doubt; b) long-term survivors; and c) patients first admitted when moribund. In contrast, sera were found among the control groups which failed to give positive reactions in dilution 1:10 (18% overall), only few (14%) had levels of ≧1:160, and the geometric mean titer was eightfold lower than that of the confirmed BL cases. The results were similar, whether the controls were: children matched with patients as to age, sex, and tribe; siblings, other family members, and neighbors of patients; or randomly selected. From the age distribution of antibodies to EBV among the controls, it became evident that infections by EBV in East Africa occur in very young age groups at greater frequency than in the United States. Limited numbers of sera from patients with acute malaria, big spleen disease, tonsillitis, leprosy, reticulum cell sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, or Kaposi's sarcoma yielded results like those seen in the various control groups. The implications of these findings regarding a possible etiologic relation of EBV to BL are discussed.
Quantitative IgE levels in asthma and implications for treatment with omalizumab. Are the cutoffs to narrow
Authors: Mary Lynn Zaremba, Kristin Elliott, Alicia Redford, Nipurn Shah, Syed Ali, Sridhar Reddy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The use of omalizumab is constrained by the narrow quantitative parameters in its use. This study looks at experience in a small pulmonary practice as regards to treatment with omalizumab outside the usual boxed “guideline” quantitative parameter.

Patients (n=132) with asthma who were treated with omalizumab but had IgE levels less than ( )700 iu/ml which is considered to be “guideline” quantitative values were asked to complete a questionnaire from which satisfaction (1-5) and symptom scores (1-4) were extracted. We looked for a difference in scores when compared to the usual guideline group (IgE levels 30-700 iu/ml) in a small practice.

There was no significant difference between symptom and satisfaction scores for patients with IgE  700 iu/ml in the usual guideline group. Symptom scores for  700 iu/ml were p=0.517811. Satisfaction scores for IgE  700 iu/ml were p=0.987994031. Difference in symptom scores for  700 iu/ml and 30-700 iu/ml were 0.105474. Difference in satisfaction scores for  700 iu/ml and 30-700 iu/ml were 0.004006.

There is need for randomized controlled studies to address the issue of outside the quantitative box levels of IgE given the vast spectrum of IgE levels in patients with asthma. On a case by case basis where patients fall outside the quantitative guidelines, omalizumab may enhance treatment options and improve outcomes in patients with asthma.
IL-17A and the Promotion of Neutrophilia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Abraham B. Roos, Sanjay Sethi, Jake Nikota, Catherine T. Wrona, Michael G. Dorrington, Caroline Sandén, Carla M. T. Bauer, Pamela Shen, Dawn Bowdish, Christopher S. Stevenson, Jonas S. Erjefält, Martin R. Stampfli
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). IL-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis.Objectives: We investigated whether IL-17A is elevated in NTHi-associated AECOPD and required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke.Methods: Experimental studies with cigarette smoke and NTHi infection were pursued in gene-targeted mice and using antibody intervention. IL-17A was measured in sputum collected from patients with COPD at baseline, during, and after AECOPD.Measurements and Main Results: Exacerbated airway neutrophilia in cigarette smoke–exposed mice infected with NTHi was associated with an induction of IL-17A. In agreement, elevated IL-17A was observed in sputum collected during NTHi-associated AECOPD, compared with samples collected before or after the event. NTHi-exacerbated neutrophilia and induction of neutrophil chemoattractants over the background of cigarette smoke, as observed in wild-type mice, was absent in Il17a−/− mice and in mice treated with a neutralizing anti–IL-17A antibody. Further studies revealed that IL-1 receptor (R)1 signaling was required for IL-17A-dependent neutrophilia. Moreover, deficiency or therapeutic neutralization of IL-17A did not increase bacterial burden or delay bacterial clearance.Conclusions: IL-17A is induced during NTHi-associated AECOPD. Functionally, IL-1R1–dependent IL-17A is required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke. Targeting IL-17A in AECOPD may thus be beneficial to reduce neutrophil recruitment to the airways.
Cancer and Dysplasia of Cervix in Relation to Reduced Lymphocytic Cortisol Metabolism-Enhancing Effect
Authors: A Klein, B Storch, A Beckerman, E Meyerson, S Colev, H Kaufmann, A Schachter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

In previous studies we found that the plasma of carcinoma patients shows a reduced capacity to enhance lymphocytic Cortisol metabolism. In the present study this capacity was assessed in the plasma of patients suffering from cervical carcinoma (Ce. Ca.) and of patients suffering from cervical dysplasia (Ce. Dis.) regarded as being at high risk to develop cancer. Known concentrations of human lymphocytes from healthy donors were incubated with Cortisol in media containing 50% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 50% of one of the following additions: 1) homologous plasma (HP), 2) plasma from the patients being tested or from healthy controls, or 3) additional PBS. The Cortisol conversion rate was measured and compared with that obtained with lymphocytes immersed in HP. Previous findings showed that the plasma of cancer patients has a mean metabolism-enhancing rate 62% of that obtained with HP. In the present study the results were as follows: Ce. Ca., 60%; Ce. Dis., 70%; controls, 93%. The percentage of “cancer-positive” results were as follows: Ce. Ca., 91%; Ce. Dis., 45%; controls, 25%.
Hughes External Fixator in Treatment of Tibial Fractures
Authors: C M Court-Brown, S P F Hughes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

The results of a prospective trial of the use of the Hughes unilateral external fixator in the management of 48 tibial diaphyseal fractures are presented. Good results were obtained in grade II and III fractures but not in closed and grade I fractures. The results and complication rates were comparable with those of other more complex external fixators. Good results were found to be dependent on the adequacy of the initial reduction and the duration of external fixation, but independent of alterations in pin angle, length and location as well as fixator location.
Haemoptysis and wheezing in a young woman
Authors: T Sutedja, A vd Heijden, J van Mourik, PE Postmus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Case reportA 25 year old woman was referred for the evaluation of haemoptysis.For one year she had been complaining of cough and recurrent blood streaked sputum, without dyspnoea, fever, chills or weight loss.She was not asthmatic, her childhood was free of pulmonary complaints, and there was no family history of pulmonary disease.Before this episode, she had been healthy.She had never smoked and had not been abroad recently.She worked as a laboratory technician in the Department of Cardiology.
Oncofertility Resources at NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers
Authors: Marla L. Clayman, Maya M. Harper, Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Joyce Reinecke, Shivani Shah
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) set the standard for providing exemplary patient care. Quality cancer care includes discussions about fertility and referrals to fertility specialists for patients at risk for sterility. This study sought to determine what fertility preservation (FP) resources are available in CCCs and how well those are integrated into patient care. Leaders at each CCC received a letter requesting a short telephone interview with individuals who could provide information about the institution's FP resources. A semi-structured interview guide was used and responses were audio-recorded. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted with 30 of the 39 CCCs that see adult patients (77%). The remaining institutions included 4 nonresponders, 3 that referred the interviewers to childhood cancer survivorship clinics, 1 that refused, and 1 that could not identify any FP resources. Participants were primarily affiliated with reproductive endocrinology (n=15) or hematology/oncology divisions (n=10). Institutional policies regarding consistent provision of FP information were rare (n=4), although most sites (n=20) either had some services on-site or had referral programs (n=8). However, only 13 had some experimental services, such as ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Respondents reported barriers to provision of FP, including oncologists' identification of patients at risk, low referral rates, and perceptions of patient prognosis. Only 8 (27%) sites had staff with time dedicated to FP. CCCs vary widely in implementing FP-recommended practice to their patients. CCCs are positioned to provide exemplary oncofertility care, but most need to better integrate FP information and referral into practice.
Clinical Progression of Breast Cancer Malignant Behavior: What to Expect and When to Expect it
Authors: Ruth Heimann, Samuel Hellman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Seemingly localized breast cancer is a heterogeneous mix of truly localized cancers and cancers with occult metastases. Our purpose is to determine the parameters of metastatic proclivity for the different clinical presentations of operable breast cancer and to present quantitative prognostic information useful to both doctors and patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of regionally treated breast cancer patients was analyzed to determine the likelihood and time of the appearance of clinical metastases for different clinical subgroups. Patients operated on at the University of Chicago from 1927 to 1987 for clinically regionally localized breast cancer, who received no systemic therapy as a part of their initial treatment, were included. Overall survival and distant disease-free survival in this mature series are analyzed. RESULTS: Metastagenicity, the metastatic proclivity of a tumor, increases with both tumor size and nodal involvement. This is also true for virulence, which is the rate at which these metastases appear. Each clinical group has a cured population, even those with extensive nodal involvement. A table provides a tool for determining the proportion of risk expended in each clinical group as a function of the distant disease-free survival. Whereas the likelihood of metastasis increases with tumor size and nodal involvement, the time to their appearance decreases. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer metastagenicity and virulence are heterogeneous even within clinically similar groups of operable breast cancer patients. Tumor progression is correlated with increasing tumor size and nodal involvement. Markers are needed to identify individual tumor virulence and metastagenicity.
Ebola vaccine trial results are “extremely promising,” says WHO
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Early results from a trial of a vaccine against Ebola virus disease being conducted in Guinea have been hailed as “an extremely promising development,” after they showed that none of the contacts of someone who had contracted the disease and who were vaccinated immediately became infected.

The trial of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine began on 7 March in the Basse Guinee region of Guinea, the only area in Guinea with new cases of Ebola virus disease at the start of the study on 1 April 2015. It used a ring vaccination strategy, the same approach used to eradicate smallpox in the 1970s, to target all contacts of newly infected patients for vaccination.

When a new case of Ebola virus disease was diagnosed, the researchers traced all people who may have been in close contact with the person with this …
Antigen‐induced dyspnea in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: M. Dahlbäck, I.‐B. Karlberg, M. Prytz, R. Jarby
Journal: Allergy (1990)

* We wanted to study the effect of anti‐asthma drugs on antigen‐induced dyspnea in conscious Sprague Dawley (S.D.) rats, A line of dyspnea bred rats was produced, where all immunized animals respond with dyspnea when challenged with aerosolized oval‐bumin (OA). The animals were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with OA (10 μg) together with Al(OH) 3 (100 mg) and challenged 2 to 3 weeks later with OA aerosol. We examined the effects of terbutaline (TERB), disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), atropine (ATRO), theophylline (THEO), a 5‐HT receptor antagonist methysergide (METH), and two glucocorticosteroids (GCS) budesonide (BUD) and dexamethasone (DEX), on this response. The drugs were given locally either by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation or by aerosol. The rats were placed one by one in an air tight box and the breathing pattern was recorded. Parameters such as time of onset of dyspnea after end of challenge (elapsed time), duration and occurrence of dyspnea, were used to quantify the response. In the vehicle‐ treated group nearly all animals responded to OA with signs of dyspnea, TERB was the only drug effective when given as an aerosol, whereas when given i.t., also DEX and METH inhibited the dyspnea. Dyspnea is a serious response and can only be alleviated by the most effective anti‐asthma drugs.
Prognostic factors for response and survival after high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: S Jagannath, J O Armitage, K A Dicke, S L Tucker, W S Velasquez, K Smith, W P Vaughan, A Kessinger, L J Horwitz, F B Hagemeister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Sixty-one patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease who had failed a mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP)- and a doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD)-like regimen were treated with a high-dose combination chemotherapy containing cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Fifty-nine patients were treated in relapse and two were intensified early in third remission. Following therapy, 29 patients (47%) were in complete remission (CR), 18 patients (30%) achieved a partial response (PR), and 14 patients (23%) had progressive disease (PD). Among the partial responders, six patients achieved a CR following addition of local radiation therapy to sites of residual nodal disease. For a minimum follow-up of 2 years, 23 patients (38%) are alive and free of disease. High-dose CBV therapy produced severe myelosuppression, and there were four (7%) treatment-related deaths. A multivariate analysis identified failure of more than two prior chemotherapy treatments and poor performance status as important adverse risk factors for survival. Patients who had no adverse risk factor and/or were intensified with CBV while Hodgkin's disease was still responding to conventional chemotherapy, had a CR rate of 63%, with 77% projected 3-year survival; whereas, all other patients had a CR rate of 31%, and a projected 3-year survival of only 18%. Our results demonstrated that CBV and ABMT can induce remission duration of 2 years or greater in a significant proportion of patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease.
Epoetin Alfa Therapy Increases Hemoglobin Levels and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer-Related Anemia Who Are Not Receiving Chemotherapy and Patients With Anemia Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: I. Quirt, C. Robeson, C. Y. Lau, M. Kovacs, S. Burdette-Radoux, S. Dolan, S. C. Tang, M. McKenzie, F. Couture
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QOL) changes with epoetin alfa therapy for anemia in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anemic cancer patients were enrolled onto this prospective, open-label study from 34 centers across Canada. The trial had two cohorts: patients who were and were not receiving chemotherapy during the 16-week study. All patients initially received epoetin alfa 150 IU/kg subcutaneously three times per week. The dose was doubled after 4 weeks for patients who did not experience sufficient response. RESULTS: Of the 183 patients enrolled in the nonchemotherapy cohort, statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in QOL were observed with epoetin alfa therapy using both the FACT-An questionnaire and linear analog scale assessment. Hemoglobin levels increased significantly (P &lt; .001; mean increase 2.5 g/dL from baseline to end of study) and these increases were positively correlated with improved QOL and change in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of patients who required blood transfusions. The 218 patients in the chemotherapy cohort also experienced significant improvements in QOL, decreased transfusion use, and increased hemoglobin levels that correlated with QOL improvements and change in ECOG scores. Epoetin alfa was well-tolerated in both cohorts. CONCLUSION: Epoetin alfa administered to patients with cancer-related anemia for up to 16 weeks resulted in significantly improved QOL, increased hemoglobin levels, and decreased transfusion use. These benefits were observed in cancer patients who were not receiving chemotherapy as well as those who were.
Carers should provide informed, cohesivek approach
Authors: H P Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I hope that R K Vohra and C N McCollum's review on pressure sores will be read by the people who chair curriculum committees of medical schools.1 Pressure sores are seldom included as a specific topic for instruction to medical students. This accounts for widespread ignorance on the subject among doctors both in hospitals and in the community. It has always struck me as extraordinary that …
Population-based engineered tumor models as a platform for biomarker discovery in cancer
Authors: Feng Jiang, Jie Lin, Xiaojian Sun, Bin Feng, Richard Nicoletti, Guangmu Li, M. Isabel Chiu, Brooke Esteves, Mohammed Al-Adhami, Pankaj Bhargava, Murray O. Robinson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This abstract is being presented as a short talk in Plenary Session 1. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR1) of the Conference Proceedings.
Sequential chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Authors: J M Richards, N Mehta, K Ramming, P Skosey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

A phase II study that alternates the sequence of chemotherapy (carmustine [BCNU], cisplatin [CDDP], and dacarbazine [DTIC]) and biologic therapy (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and interferon alfa-2 alpha [alpha IFN]) was performed to establish a safe and efficacious way to sequence these forms of treatment for metastatic melanoma.Patients who had measurable metastatic melanoma, a Karnofsky performance status of greater than or equal to 70, and no clinically significant cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction were eligible for entry onto this trial. Responses to treatment were assessed after a treatment cycle by two tumor evaluations at least 4 weeks apart.Forty-two consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with this sequential chemoimmunotherapy. Transient thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were observed frequently, but neither hemorrhage nor infection occurred in any of the patients. Of the 42 patients, 10 achieved a complete response (24%), 14 achieved a partial response (33%), two achieved a minor response (5%), eight had stable disease (19%), and eight (19%) had progressive disease. The median time to disease progression for all patients was 7 months. The median survival for all patients entered onto the trial was 11.5 months. A vitiligo-like depigmentation was induced in many patients by this treatment.Cytotoxic chemotherapy can be administered safely immediately before or immediately after IL-2 and alpha IFN. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy administered as previously described yields a response rate of more than 55%. The overall survival curve suggests that a proportion of patients may achieve a long-term benefit from this treatment. Also, cutaneous depigmentation induced by this treatment suggests that immune modulation may contribute to the antimelanoma effect of this treatment.
Closing volume detection by single breath gas nitrogen washout and forced oscillation technique
Authors: Chiara Veneroni, Alain Van Muylem, Andrei Malinovschi, Raffaele Lorenzo Dellaca, Alain Michils
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND: Single breath nitrogen washout (SBW) is considered as the Gold Standard in detecting closing volume (CV), which allows an early detection of small airways diseases.  Recent studies have shown that respiratory input reactance at 5Hz (X 5 ) measured by forced oscillation technique (FOT) may also detect peripheral airways collapse (Dellaca et al.,2011).  AIM: to evaluate whether FOT allows CV estimation and to validate it against SBW.  METHODS: SBW and FOT at 5, 11 and 19Hz during a slow vital capacity were performed in 8 healthy subjects and 11 asthmatics. CV N2  from SBW was identified by a blinded expert. A sigmoidal function was used to fit the volume vs X 5  curves and CV FOT  was defined as the point of maximal downward curvature. CV was expressed as percentage of vital capacity. In healthy subjects, measurements were performed in triplicate to assess repeatability. Asthmatics were studied pre and post methacholine challenge (Mch) at 20% fall in FEV1.  RESULTS: In healthy subjects, CV N2  and CV FOT  coefficients of variation were 21% and 27% (p=0.8,Wilcoxon Signed Rank).CV FOT  correlated with CV N2  as a whole (ρ=0.6, p FOT  but not CV N2  was different between healthy and asthmatics pre-Mch (7.6% vs. 11.2%, p=0.03; 15.7% vs 14.0%, p=0.65; Mann-Whitney Rank Sum). Both FOT and SBW identify a difference between the CV pre and post Mch (CV FOT  11.2% vs 30.8%, p=0.001; CV N2  14.0% vs 31.6%, p=0.002; Wilcoxon Signed Rank).  CONCLUSIONS: FOT allowed the identification of a reproducible CV FOT  which correlated with CV N2 . Differences in FOT-assessed CV between healthy and asthmatics might suggest that CV FOT  is a more sensitive marker of small airways involvement than CV N2 .