tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of generalized alpha-receptor stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis.
Authors: H Gewirtz, A S Most, D O Williams
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Stimulation of coronary artery a receptors may decrease regional myocardial blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease.We studied 13 closed-chest conscious pigs to compare the role of vaso- constriction of coronary conductance vessels and that of arteriolar resistance vessels in this response.An ar- tificial stenosis 7.5 mm long that caused an 82% reduction in vessel diameter was placed within the lumen of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Radioactive microspheres were used to determine regional myo- cardial blood flow in endocardium and epicardium distal to the stenosis and in endocardium and epicardium supplied by the circumflex coronary artery.In seven pigs, hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow were measured (1) during control conditions, (2) at the tenth minute of i.v.norepinephrine infusion (to increase mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg), (3) during a second control period and (4) at the tenth minute of i.v.adenosine infusion (to lower diastolic arterial pressure to 55 mm Hg).In response to norepinephrine, regional myocardial blood flow (ml/min g1, mean i SD) increased in the distal zone epicardium (1.07 ± 0.20 to 1.29 i 0.23 mean ± SD, p < 0.004) and endocardium (1.04 ± 0.24 to 1.21 ± 0.24, p < 0.05).Flow increased to a similar extent during norepinephrine in the circumflex zone epi- cardium (1.11 + 0.16 to 1.48 ± 0.48,p < 0.01) and endocardium (1.22 i 0.19 to 1.62 ± 0.54,p < 0.02).In contrast, during adenosine, regional myocardial blood flow increased in circumflex zone endocardium (1.60 + 0.51 to 3.07 ± 0.83,p < 0.005) and epicardium (1.44 ± 0.44 to 3.83 ± 1.35,p < 0.005), declined in distal zone endocardium (1.21 ± 0.39 to 0.62 0.22,p < 0.005) and remained unchanged in distal zone epicardium (1.33 0.36 to 1.23 ± 0.29, NS).Six additional pigs were given i.v.propranolol, 2.0 mg/kg, and studied as described above.Regional myo- cardial blood flow during infusion of norepinephrine did not change significantly compared with control.Calculated coronary arteriolar resistance increased significantly (p < 0.01) compared with control in both endocardium and epicardium distal to the stenosis.The results suggest that in the presence of a severe fixed coronary artery stenosis, a-mediated arteriolar vasoconstriction may compete with, but is unlikely to over- whelm, metabolically mediated vasodilation.
Surgical Site Infections Following Ambulatory Surgery Procedures
Authors: Pamela L. Owens, Marguerite L. Barrett, Susan Raetzman, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, Claudia A. Steiner
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Surgical site infections can result in substantial morbidity following inpatient surgery. Little is known about serious infections following ambulatory surgery.To determine the incidence of clinically significant surgical site infections (CS-SSIs) following low- to moderate-risk ambulatory surgery in patients with low risk for surgical complications.Retrospective analysis of ambulatory surgical procedures complicated by CS-SSIs that require a postsurgical acute care visit (defined as subsequent hospitalization or ambulatory surgical visit for infection) using the 2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Ambulatory Surgery and State Inpatient Databases for 8 geographically dispersed states (California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, and Tennessee) representing one-third of the US population. Index cases included 284 098 ambulatory surgical procedures (general surgery, orthopedic, neurosurgical, gynecologic, and urologic) in adult patients with low surgical risk (defined as not seen in past 30 days in acute care, length of stay less than 2 days, no other surgery on the same day, and discharged home and no infection coded on the same day).Rates of 14- and 30-day postsurgical acute care visits for CS-SSIs following ambulatory surgery.Postsurgical acute care visits for CS-SSIs occurred in 3.09 (95% CI, 2.89-3.30) per 1000 ambulatory surgical procedures at 14 days and 4.84 (95% CI, 4.59-5.10) per 1000 at 30 days. Two-thirds (63.7%) of all visits for CS-SSI occurred within 14 days of the surgery; of those visits, 93.2% (95% CI, 91.3%-94.7%) involved treatment in the inpatient setting. All-cause inpatient or outpatient postsurgical visits, including those for CS-SSIs, following ambulatory surgery occurred in 19.99 (95% CI, 19.48-20.51) per 1000 ambulatory surgical procedures at 14 days and 33.62 (95% CI, 32.96-34.29) per 1000 at 30 days.Among patients in 8 states undergoing ambulatory surgery, rates of postsurgical visits for CS-SSIs were low relative to all causes; however, they may represent a substantial number of adverse outcomes in aggregate. Thus, these serious infections merit quality improvement efforts to minimize their occurrence.
Prevention of Catheter Infection of Urine in Female Patients
Authors: W. A. Gillespie, G. G. Lennon, K. B. Linton, N. Slade
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Recently, the wireless thermologger system was developed. It consists of a wireless logger and the attached computer system. The wireless logger has a wireless structure and can be placed anywhere in the sterilizer chamber for thermometry. In the present study, thermal evaluations were performed twice using the wireless thermologger system in the sterilizer chamber of the prevacuum autoclave unequipped with sensor ports when it failed to pass the Bowie-Dick test and underwent mechanical repairs. Thermometry was performed when the Bowie-Dick test cycle was operated. The heat up time was measured in the range of 120.0-134.0 °C. The F<sub>0</sub> value was calculated with the reference temperature at 121.0 °C and Z value at 10 °C when the sterilization temperature was over 120.0 °C. The first thermal evaluation was performed after three air-leaking points were repaired along with the replacement of the vacuum pump and the thermosensor. It revealed that the heat-up time was 4 min and 42 s and the F<sub>0</sub> value was 137.5. After the temperature control systems were adjusted using the process calibrator in the prevacuum autoclave, the second thermal evaluation revealed that the heat up time was 2 mins 1 s and the F<sub>0</sub> value was 102.7. The present study suggests that the wireless thermologger system is useful in the management of the autoclave unequipped with sensor ports when it undergoes mechanical repairs.
Herpes Zoster Resembling Acute Varicella Associated with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Howard S. Yaffee
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE ASSOCIATION of herpes zoster infections with diseases of the lymphoma group is well known.1-3Less frequently reported is the occurrence of such infections in the course of multiple myeloma. The purpose of the present communication is to report the occurrence of generalized herpes zoster in a patient with multiple myeloma, and the apparent beneficial effect of human gamma globulin upon this infection.  Report of a Case  A 50-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital with a generalized skin eruption of 8 days' duration. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma had been made 2 ½ years prior to this admission on the basis of multiple osteolytic bone lesions, anemia, bone-marrow plasmacytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and a serum protein electrophoretic pattern which showed a prominent homogenous peak in the gamma globulin fraction. The chief symptom was upper back pain caused by collapse fractures of the fifth and sixth dorsal vertebrae. Treatment consisted
Ethanol Abolishes Ischemic Preconditioning in Humans
Authors: Giampaolo Niccoli, Luca Altamura, Alessandro Fabretti, Gaetano A. Lanza, Luigi M. Biasucci, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Antonio Maria Leone, Italo Porto, Francesco Burzotta, Carlo Trani, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Abstract PD02-01: Human Breast Cancer Lymphovascular Tumoral Emboli and Micrometastasis Recapitulate an In Vitro Mammosphere Stem Cell Phenotype
Authors: SH Barsky, CE Graham, AL Llewellyn, Y Ye, K. Yearsley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The existence of stem cells in human cancers has been inferred by clonality experiments and marker studies in vitro and clinical observations in vivo concerning tumor recurrences and emerging drug resistance. We have studied the existence of stem cells in a human model of inflammatory breast cancer, termed MARY-X, a model which forms spheroids which are similar to normal tissue stem cell-derived mammospheres. Comparing MARY-X with common non-IBC breast carcinoma and normal cell lines, we found specific embryonal stem cell markers within the MARY-X spheroids. RT-PCR analyses of MARY-X also revealed the expression of transcriptional determinants essential for the pluripotency and self-renewal of human embryonal stem cells. Since MARY-X spheroids, when injected into mice, form tumors with florid lymphovascular emboli that give rise to micrometastases in numerous organs, we wondered whether tumor emboli and micrometastases from actual human cancers also recapitulated a mammosphere stem cell phenotype. Material and Methods: We carried out laser capture microdissection of tumor emboli and lymph node micrometastases in 200 cases of human breast cancer including cases of both infiltrating ductal as well as lobular cancer. These cases included all of the common molecular classes of breast cancer including luminal A, luminal B, luminal C, Her-2/neu positive and triple negative including the basal subtype. The common denominator which was studied in all of these cases was the lymphovascular embolus and lymph node micrometastasis. Results: By both RT-PCR and IHC, lymphovascular emboli and micrometastases exhibited five-ten fold higher stem cell markers including Stellar, H19, Rex-1, Nestin, CD133 and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) as well as stem cell transcriptional determinants including OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog than the non-embolic tumoral areas. In addition, stem cell signaling pathways specifically involved in self-renewal and pluripotency including Bmi-1, Hedgehog and Notch 3 were activated selectively within the lymphovascular tumor emboli and micrometastases. These observations held true irrespective of the molecular class of breast cancer from which the embolus was derived and irrespective of the adhesion status (presence or absence of E-cadherin) of the embolus or micrometastasis. Discussion: Our findings indicate that the lymphovascular embolus and micrometastasis is not simply a cellular fragment that detaches from the main tumor but rather represents a selection for a stem cell phenotype. This finding may explain the increased resistance of lymphovascular tumor emboli and micrometastases to chemotherapy and the decreased disease-free survival and poorer prognosis exhibited by patients with significant lymphovascular emboli and micrometastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD02-01.
Tracking Pediatric Asthma:The Massachusetts Experience Using School Health Records
Authors: Robert S. Knorr, Suzanne K. Condon, Frances M. Dwyer, Danielle F. Hoffman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health, in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Environmental Public Health Tracking Program, initiated a 3-year statewide project for the routine surveillance of asthma in children using school health records as the primary data source. School district nurse leaders received electronic data reporting forms requesting the number of children with asthma by grade and gender for schools serving grades kindergarten (K) through 8. Verification efforts from an earlier community-level study comparing a select number of school health records with primary care provider records demonstrated a high level of agreement (i.e., > 95%). First-year surveillance targeted approximately one-half (n = 958 schools) of all Massachusetts's K-8 schools. About 78% of targeted school districts participated, and 70% of the targeted schools submitted complete asthma data. School nurse-reported asthma prevalence was as high as 30.8% for schools, with a mean of 9.2%. School-based asthma surveillance has been demonstrated to be a reliable and cost-effective method of tracking disease through use of an existing and enhanced reporting structure.
Investigational Treatments: Process, Payment, and Priorities
Authors: Peter G. Goldschmidt, Grace Powers Monaco
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —We would like to make 3 points in response to Dr Eddy's 1 well-constructed article on what constitutes an investigational treatment. First, contrary to his conclusion, health plans should ocver investigational treatments, but only in an adequate learning context, that is, a scientifically adequate clinical trial or other research study or a quality management program with data collection mechanisms that can meaningfully illuminate patient outcomes in relation to care processes. The reason is simple: without such coverage we will never be able to learn which treatments are effective for whom. 2 Second, while Eddy's technology assessment process may be ideal, there are too few pertinent studies and too few studies that produce usable results for it to work. 3,4 Health plans must act in the present while we encourage the research establishment to increase the quantity and quality of its efforts
Characterization of Deficient Heme Synthase Activity in Protoporphyria with Cultured Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Joseph R. Bloomer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Heme synthase (ferrochelatase) activity, as determined by the chelation of ferrous iron to protoporphyrin or deuteroporphyrin, is reduced to 10-25% of normal in tissues of patients with protoporphyria. With cultured skin fibroblasts from seven patients with protoporphyria and six normal individuals, the present studies examined the enzymatic defect.
Tuberculosis Then and Now: Perspectives on the History of an Infectious Disease
Authors: Helen Bynum
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New guidelines on rehabilitation likely to restrict practices and stifle innovation
Authors: Pandyan Ad, Radford K, Ashford S, Bateman A, Burton C, Connell L, Gibson A, Harris N, Hoffman K, Nair R, Shaw L, Turton A, Tyson Sf, van Wijck F
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We are pleased that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thought it important to develop guidelines for the management of patients with stroke.1 We are also reassured by the position taken by the Guideline Development Group (GDG)—that the evidence pointed to intervention improving function and mobility, but that there was little evidence to support one type of intervention over another.2

However, despite the GDG’s intentions to facilitate innovations in practice,3 there is a serious risk that …
Prospective Study on the Detection of Insulinomas by Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: B. Schumacher, H. J. Lübke, T. Frieling, G. Strohmeyer, A. A. R. Starke
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: The correct localization of insulinomas using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been reported to be as high as 80 % in multicenter patient cohorts.
Strongyloidiasis Treated With Pyrvinium Pamoate
Authors: Chung C. Wang
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PYRVINIUM chloride (Vanquin) suspension was used by Brown and Sterman in 1958 as a treatment for<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>infection in man with encouraging results.<sup>1</sup>Production of this compound was later discontinued by the manufacturer in favor of pyrvinium pamoate (Povan) which like the chloride, is effective against oxyuriasis, usually requires only a single dose, and is better tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract.<sup>2</sup>A trial of pyrvinium pamoate for the treatment of strongyloidiasis was prompted by the paucity of reports of such use,<sup>3,4</sup>by the unavailability of pyrvinium chloride, and by the disturbing toxicity of dithiazanine,<sup>5</sup>although the latter is highly efficacious against<i>Strongyloides</i>infection.<sup>6</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-four patients with S<i>stercoralis</i>infection were selected at random in the Tropical Disease Clinic at Bushwick Health Center, New York. S<i>stercoralis</i>infection is the fifth most common helminthiasis found in such clinics.<sup>7</sup>The presence of the infection
Acyclovir in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
Authors: S J Rune, J Linde, O Bonnevie, H D Petersen, F Bendtsen, J H Wandall, C Gluud, J Eriksen, H Skovbjerg, M Vilien
Journal: Gut (1990)

This study tests the hypothesis that reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus infection may be a cause of recurrent duodenal ulceration. Patients with recently healed duodenal ulcer were entered into a double blind, randomised study of maintenance treatment with the antiviral drug acyclovir (400 mg bid) versus placebo, to determine if suppression of herpes virus infection would influence the natural history of the ulcer disease. One hundred and fifteen patients entered the trial and 76 patients completed it according to the protocol. Endoscopy was performed when ulcer symptoms recurred and at the end of the 25 week trial period. In the acyclovir group the cumulated relapse rate was 63% compared with 56% in the placebo group (NS). This result suggests that reactivation of herpes simplex virus is not a cause of recurrent duodenal ulcer.
STUDIES ON THE NEONATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATING 12
Authors: Audrey K. Brown, Wolf W. Zuelzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

In jaundice of the newborn, whether "physio- logic" or related to hemolytic disease, the biliru- bin is known to exhibit the so-called "indirect" (van den Bergh) reaction with diazotized sulfa- nilic acid.Recently it has been shown that this type of bilirubin is unconjugated bilirubin, in con- trast to the water soluble, direct reacting type which is a conjugated form, bilirubin-glucuronide (1-3).Conjugation is believed to occur chiefly in the liver, and bilirubin is excreted in the bile as a glucuronide-( 4).Recent studies have demonstrated that an en- zyme in the microsomes of liver transfers glu- curonic acid from uridine-diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to bilirubin (5-7), a mechanism similar to that previously described for the trans- fer of glucuronic acid to phenolic (8-11), car- boxylic (12), and amine acceptors (13).The reaction would appear to proceed as indicated in the equation: UDPGA + bilirubin (indirect) glucuronyl transferase bilirubin-glucuronide + UDP (direct)
Assessing the Physical Health of Homeless Adults
Authors: Lillian Gelberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Information on the physical health of homeless adults is potentially biased either by sampling strategy or by measurement of physical health. Studies that used comprehensive health measures (self-reported and objective measures) relied on samples from shelters or hotels. However, more representative community-based studies relied on self-reports or ratings. We conducted the first study to use both a community-based sample (N = 529) and comprehensive measures of health (an interview, a limited physical examination, and blood testing). Shelter dwellers compared with homeless persons sampled elsewhere were less likely to have used illegal drugs, to have been victimized, to have injured skin, and to have elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and mean corpuscular volumes. Sixty-two percent of persons observed to have high blood pressure were unaware of their condition. Sampling only shelter dwellers, or relying only on reports of illness by homeless adults, may mask or underestimate existent health problems that are revealed by community-based sampling techniques and more objective measures. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1973-1979)
Multi-layered nanoparticles for penetrating the endosome and nuclear membrane via a step-wise membrane fusion process
Authors: Hidetaka Akita, Asako Kudo, Arisa Minoura, Masaya Yamaguti, Ikramy A. Khalil, Rumiko Moriguchi, Tomoya Masuda, Radostin Danev, Kuniaki Nagayama, Kentaro Kogure, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Microsporidiosis Acquired Through Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Susan N. Hocevar, Christopher D. Paddock, Cedric W. Spak, Randall Rosenblatt, Hector Diaz-Luna, Isabel Castillo, Sergio Luna, Glen C. Friedman, Suresh Antony, Robyn A. Stoddard, Rebekah V. Tiller, Tammie Peterson, Dianna M. Blau, Rama R. Sriram, Alexandre da Silva, Marcos de Almeida, Theresa Benedict, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Sherif R. Zaki, Govinda S. Visvesvara, Matthew J. Kuehnert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Encephalitozoon cuniculi, a microsporidial species most commonly recognized as a cause of renal, respiratory, and central nervous system infections in immunosuppressed patients, was identified as the cause of a temporally associated cluster of febrile illness among 3 solid organ transplant recipients from a common donor.To confirm the source of the illness, assess donor and recipient risk factors, and provide therapy recommendations for ill recipients.Public health investigation.Two transplant hospitals and community interview with the deceased donor's family.Three transplant recipients and the organ donor.Specimens were tested for microsporidia by using culture, immunofluorescent antibody, polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Donor medical records were reviewed and a questionnaire was developed to assess for microsporidial infection.Kidneys and lungs were procured from the deceased donor and transplanted to 3 recipients who became ill with fever 7 to 10 weeks after the transplant. Results of urine culture, serologic,and polymerase chain reaction testing were positive for E. cuniculi of genotype III in each recipient; the organism was also identified in biopsy or autopsy specimens in all recipients. The donor had positive serologic test results for E. cuniculi. Surviving recipients received albendazole. Donor assessment did not identify factors for suspected E. cuniculi infection.Inability to detect organism by culture or polymerase chain reaction in donor due to lack of autopsy specimens.Microsporidiosis is now recognized as an emerging transplant-associated disease and should be considered in febrile transplant recipients when tests for routinely encountered agents are unrevealing. Donor-derived disease is critical to assess when multiple recipients from a common donor are ill.