tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning in practice: a new section in the BMJ
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (2002)

See Learning in practice pp 153, 156, Editorial p 126

William Butler Yeats said that education should be “not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire.” But how far does this aspiration tally with our own experience of medical education? We all remember good teachers who inspired and motivated us; delivered useful content in an assimilable manner; harnessed our emotional as well as cognitive energies as learners. Unfortunately, most of us also remember too many bad teachers and poor educational experiences—dull lectures, irrelevant content, assessment of rote learning in preference to comprehension, and presentation driven more by the convenience of teachers than our learning needs. The kind of dispiriting experience which …
Abstract 17217: Prognostic Significance of Thermodilution-derived Coronary Blood Flow Patterns Immediately After Coronary Intervention with TIMI-2 Flow in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Machiko Nishimura, Kenichi Fujii, Masashi Fukunaga, Takahiro Imanaka, Kojiro Miki, Hiroto Tamaru, Tetsuo Horimatsu, Ten Saita, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Although several studies have reported TIMI-2 flow immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) leads to patient’s outcome worsein patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), not all patients with TIMI 2 flow have a poor prognosis after STEMI. This study evaluates whether the coronary blood flow pattern (CBFP) predicts the clinical risk stratification in patients with TIMI-2 flow immediately after PCI.   Methods:  Forty-five patients with TIMI-2 flow immediately after PCI were prospectively enrolled in this study. Using a pressure sensor/thermistor-tipped guidewire, CBFP was assessed from the thermodilution-curves after PCI. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the shape of their thermodilution-curve: the wide-unimodal (n=29), or the bimodal (n=16). Peak CPK, Wall-motion score index (WMSI) and microvascular obstruction (MVO) appearance assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance were analyzed within 2 weeks after PCI. The primary end-point was cardiac events (cardiac death and/or heart failure re-hospitalization).   Results:  Median follow-up period was 2.4 years. Although there were no significant differences in peak CPK, WMSI and MVO appearance between 2 groups, patients in the bimodal group had a higher risk of cardiac events than patients in the wide-unimodal group during this study period (p=0.00013). Multivariate analysis revealed that bimodal shape of thermodilution-curve was the only independent predictor of cardiac events in patients with TIMI-2 flow (hazard ratio, 4.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-14.34; P=0.0032).   Conclusions:  At least two different CBFP are noted in patients with primary reperfused STEMI who have TIMI-2 flow.. Only the patients who had bimodal shape of thermodilution-curve had poor outcomes even after primary PCI. This easily assessable CBFP is useful in long-term clinical risk stratification for STEMI patients with TIMI 2 flow at the catheterization laboratory immediately after PCI.
Brca1 required for T cell lineage development but not TCR loci rearrangement
Authors: Tak W. Mak, Anne Hakem, J. Peter McPherson, Amro Shehabeldin, Elzbieta Zablocki, Eva Migon, Gordon S. Duncan, Denis Bouchard, Andrew Wakeham, Alison Cheung, Jana Karaskova, Ildiko Sarosi, Jeremy Squire, Jamey Marth, Razqallah Hakem
Journal: Nature Immunology (2000)
An Intelligent Person's Guide to Medicine
Authors: Christopher Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nietzsche famously diagnosed the death of God more than 100 years ago. Nowadays, even church leaders seem to agree with his diagnosis. The trouble is that, without the consolation of religion and the hope of eternity, it becomes harder to find a meaning to life. According to Dalrymple, man's search for transcendence has degenerated into a self absorbed quest for health. Instead of praying for deliverance from evil, we have become obsessed with avoiding risk.

The title …
Enoxaparin vs Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Kenneth W. Mahaffey, James J. Ferguson, Robert M. Califf
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4112: Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol against large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL)
Authors: Ivana Vucenik, Jan H. Beumer, Julie L. Eiseman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The anticancer activity of dietary IP6 and its parent compound inositol, either alone or in combination, has been shown in many different experimental models. Using rat leukemia RNK-16 cells, we investigated the in vitro efficacy of IP6 and inositol in large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) that develops spontaneously in male Fisher 344 rats and is very similar to human disease. RAS and ERK are constitutively active in LGLL in both humans and rats, and the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a major role in proliferation and survival of these leukemic cells. Therefore, we also investigated the effect of IP6 and inositol on these pathways. Methods: We have previously shown that after in vitro or in vivo administration, exogenous IP6 rapidly dephosphorylates to inositol. In this study, we first implemented the assay for the measurement of unlabeled intracellular myo-inositol by LC-MS/MS after in vitro exposure to IP6 and inositol. Cytotoxicity of IP6 and inositol against Fisher 344 RNK-16 cells alone and in combination with 4-OH-cyclophosphamide was measured by MTT cytotoxicity assay. Western blot analysis was used for protein expression. Results: Uptake of inositol increased more than 5-fold following exposure to 2 mM inositol, and no differences were observed between unsynchronized and synchronized cells. Inositol was relatively non-toxic (30% cytotoxicity at 100 mM), while IP6 had an IC50 of approximately 2 mM. 4-OH-cyclophosphamide had an IC50 of 180 µg/mL, and co-administration of either IP6 or inositol decreased its IC50 by 3-fold. While the expression and phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 were unaffected, p-Akt was completely inhibited between 5 and 60 min after 2 mM IP6 and between 15 and 60 min after inositol, by 2-fold. Furthermore, IP6 treatment caused a significant increase in the expression of the Cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 in RNK-16 cells (1.9-fold) 5 and 15 min. Conclusion: Our data data suggest the use of inositol and IP6 as chemopreventive agents in control of LGLL in humans or as adjuvant therapies. Further studies are justified and warranted. Support: P30-CA-47904 Citation Format: Ivana Vucenik, Jan H. Beumer, Julie L. Eiseman. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol against large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4112
Thromboembolism, Oral Contraceptives, and Cigarettes
Authors: Alfonse T. Masi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The relationship between oral contraceptives and death from thromboembolism shown by studies of vital statistics, and the contribution of cigarette smoking to these deaths are reviewed. In 1968 a British study showed that a slight increase in deaths from thromboembolism had occurred in young women, proportional to the increase in use of the pill. A study on U.S. thromboembolism deaths in 1962-1966 similarly showed increasing mortality among women compared to men. Another analysis of U.S. data on deaths among women 15-44 years of age in 1966 provided estimates of relative risk of 3 to 9-fold for pill users, increasing with age. Data from women of 20-44 years from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 1966 yielded a 7-fold risk for pill users compared with nonusers, and an excess death estimate of 3 per 100,000 for users. A U.S. study of data from 1956, 1961, and 1966 estimated the excess thromboembolism deaths at 3.6 per 100,000 pill users. Although British reports showed no increased risk of thromboembolism for those who smoked 15 or more cigarettes daily, a U.S. rebuttal claimed that these data could be rearranged to show increased risk for pill users who smoked heavily compared to nonsmoking nonusers. A U.S. retrospective study also originally published no relationship, but could be recalculated to show that smoking and pill use were associated in both the case and the control groups.
492. Characterization of the Apical Transduction of Well-Differentiated Mouse Tracheal Cultures by an Equine Lentivirus Pseudotyped with Avian Influenza Coat Proteins
Authors: Tristan R. McKay, Manij Patel, Angela M. Giddings, Raymond J. Pickles, John C. Olsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The main goal in gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is to transfer the CFTR transgene to the ciliated cells of the upper airways via an easily accessible route and provide long-term therapeutic expression. The ideal route of administration would be lung lumenal instillation but this requires vector uptake from the apical surface of the epithelium. The lung lumen provides many layers of defense to airborne pathogens such as a thick mucus layer and glycocalyx. We addressed these issues by using coat proteins from an influenza virus, which is able to infect the adult lung, to pseudotype a lentiviral vector capable of genome integration and long-term transgene expression. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) based vectors were pseudotyped with coat proteins of Fowl Plague Virus (FPV), an avian Influenza, and we were able to obtain titers greater than 105 iu/ml. Furthermore, we were able to concentrate titers up to 1,000-fold by ultracentrifugation to final titers approaching 108 iu/ml.
The atherosclerotic Yucatan animal model to study the arterial response after balloon angioplasty: the natural history of remodeling
Authors: B de Smet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Remodeling in de novo atherosclerosis and in restenosis after balloon angioplasty constitutes a change in total arterial circumference which, together with plaque growth or neointimal formation, determines the lumen of the artery. To better understand the fundamental biology of neointimal formation, remodeling and their interaction, animal studies are needed. In this study, we described in detail the methodology used and the natural history of neointimal formation and remodeling after balloon angioplasty in atherosclerotic Yucatan micropigs.Atherosclerosis was induced in 60 peripheral arteries of sixteen Yucatan micropigs by a combination of denudation and atherogenic diet. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 38 arteries, with serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative angiography before and after intervention and at 2, 4, 7, 14 or 42 days follow-up. Remodeling, expressed as late media-bounded area (MBA) loss, increased progressively over time. At 42 days, late MBA loss after balloon angioplasty was significantly different compared to late MBA loss in control arteries, 2.2 +/- 1.0 versus -0.3 +/- 1.1 mm2 and p = 0.02. Late lumen loss increased over time and was highest at 42 days after balloon angioplasty (2.8 +/- 0.7 mm2). The contribution of neointimal formation to late lumen loss decreased over time and the contribution of late MBA loss to late lumen increased over time and was highest at 42 days (78%). Medial necrosis was 48% at two days after balloon angioplasty and the repopulation of the media was almost completed at seven days.Remodeling following balloon angioplasty has an early onset and progresses with neointimal formation to cause restenosis over the standard 42-day time course for Yucatan micropigs. This correlates to six months renarrowing in humans. In this model, atherosclerosis and the natural history of restenosis, both with respect to neointimal formation and remodeling, resemble the human disease quite closely.
Rehabilitation Medicine Welcomes a Robotic Revolution
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking cessation
Authors: Prasima Srivastava, Graeme P Currie, John Britton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Smoking was first introduced into the United Kingdom in the late 16th century. Shortly afterwards, King James I of England implemented the first tax on tobacco use. He also published his famous A Counterblaste to Tobacco in 1604, where he reflected on his dislike of the “precious stink” and observed: “Smoking is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless.”



Figure 1

King James I of England, by John de Critz the Elder (c1552-1642). King James I implemented the first tax on tobacco





Cigarette smoking delivers nicotine—a powerfully addictive drug—quickly and in high doses directly to the brain. Addiction to nicotine is usually established through experimentation with cigarettes during adolescence and often results in sustained or lifelong smoking. However, nicotine itself does not cause major health problems in most users; it is the accompanying tar that accounts for most of the harm caused by cigarettes.​cigarettes.



Figure 2

Warnings found on cigarette boxes are useful ways in which to remind individuals of the dangers of smoking
At the Cloning Circus Sideshows Abound, While Scientists Seek a Wider Audience
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Washington—The scene inside the National Academy of Sciences auditorium on August 7 resembled a daytime talk show. Banks of television klieg lights baked the stage, where astonishing revelations and wild gesticulations garnered hoots and jeers from the audience.
Bullous Sweet’s syndrome associated with acute hepatitis B infection: a new association
Authors: E. Tan, G. Yosipovitch, Y-C. Giam, S.H. Tan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Bullous Sweet’s syndrome associated with acute hepatitis B infection: a new association Get access E. Tan, E. Tan National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205 E‐mail: tneileen@singnet.com.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Yosipovitch, G. Yosipovitch National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205 E‐mail: tneileen@singnet.com.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐C. Giam, Y‐C. Giam National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205 E‐mail: tneileen@singnet.com.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Tan S.H. Tan National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205 E‐mail: tneileen@singnet.com.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 4, 1 October 2000, Pages 914–916, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03810.x Published: 01 October 2000
Abstract 13259: Electrophysiologic Mapping Identifies Stable Organized Tachyarrhythmias ("Rotors") in Both Atria during Spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation with Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Rangadham Nagarakanti, April Slee, Sanjeev Saksena
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Stable organized atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) /"rotors" that maintain AF have been identified in patients (pts) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) &amp; persistent AF (PRAF) with no or minimal heart disease. Hypothesis: Biatrial ATs occur in AF pts with systolic heart failure (HF). Methods: We performed simultaneous contact catheter mapping of the RA &amp; LA using 3 D non-contact mapping ) in 83 refractory AF pts during spontaneous AF episodes.Spontaneous atrial premature beats (APBs) &amp; triggered ATs were analyzed. We also compared regional distribution of ATs &amp; activation patterns in pts with &amp; without HF. Results: 24 HF pts, mean age of 62±9 years, 75% male with mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 45.5±9% and mean left atrial (LA) size 4.35±0.8 cm were mapped. They had 42 APBs that triggered 26 distinct organized stable ATs/"rotors". Each pt had 1 to 4 RA or LA regions showing triggering APBs (mean 1.75/pt) initiating AT. APBs arose predominantly from the RA or LA septum (45%) &amp; superior LA/PV (24%) regions (Fig 1a). A biatrial distribution of the stable ATs/"rotors" occcurred in HF pts (Fig 1b) with few focal ATs. Compared to pts without HF (n=59), HF pts (n=24) trended to have more PRAF (83% vs 66%, p=0.18). 78 organized stable ATs/"rotors" were compared for regional distribution in PRAF pts with HF (n=16) &amp; without HF (n=32). Stable ATs with focal LA/PV origin were uncommon in both groups (7% vs. 15%). LA ATs/"rotors" were similar (26% vs. 17%; p=0.58) as were typical RA flutter and atypical RA ATs/"rotors" in both groups (Fig 1c). Conclusions: 1. A majority of APBs initiating AF in HF pts originated from the septal and superior LA/PV regions. 2. While triggers are still frequently present with the LA/PV origin in HF pts, stable ATs/"rotors" had biatrial distribution &amp; a lesser frequency of focal LA/PV ATs. 3. This spectrum of ATs/"rotors" was similar to PRAF pts without HF, potentially supporting similar ablative interventions in both pt groups.
Abstract P205: Potential Impact of the 2014 High Blood Pressure Guideline on Adults in China and the US
Authors: Qi Zhao, Wenying Yang, Lydia A Bazzano, Paul K Whelton, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Jianzhong Xiao, Jiang He
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction:  Compared with the JNC 7 guideline, the 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure (BP) relaxed the BP thresholds for initiating drug treatment and treatment goals for older adults (≥60 years) and for those with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.   Hypothesis:  The aim of this study was to estimate the proportions and absolute numbers of adults who would be potentially affected by the new guideline and to compare their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks with the total adult populations in China and the US, respectively.   Methods:  Data from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study conducted in 2007-08 (n=40,071) and the US NHANES conducted in 2005-12 (n=9,922) were used in this analysis. Both studies were conducted in nationally representative samples using standard measurement methods.   Results:  Among Chinese and US adults (≥20 years) who were eligible for treatment under JNC 7, 11.5% (95% CI, 10.4-12.6%; 32.5 million) and 5.0% (95% CI, 4.2-6.0%; 3.5 million) would not meet criteria for initiating drug treatment under 2014 guidelines, while 3.0% (95% CI, 2.3%-4.0%; 8.5 million) and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.0%-10.4%; 6.3 million) would be reclassified as meeting BP goals, respectively. Furthermore, 50.8% (95% CI, 48.5-53.1%) of US and 7.5% (95% CI, 6.7%-8.4%) of Chinese adults who were eligible for treatment under JNC 7 had met more stringent JNC 7 goals by treatment and would require less intensive or no treatment under the 2014 guideline. Compared to the total adult population and treated patients at JNC 7 goal, those who were potentially affected by the 2014 guideline had greater CVD risks in both China and the US (Table).   Conclusion:  The 2014 BP guideline will affect BP control in a substantial proportion of hypertensive patients in both China and the US. More worrisome, those affected are at greater risk for CVD compared to the total adult population and hypertensive patients treated to the JNC 7 BP goal in both countries.
Drug and Alcohol Abuse. A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment.
Authors: Marc Alan Schuckit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Written to serve the needs of clinicians handling emergency problems, and the student seeking an introduction to abused substances, the fifth edition of this text offers a clinically oriented guide in the field of drug and alcohol abuse. This work continues to set the standard for substance abuse research. New features of the fifth edition include: a revision of approximately 70 per cent of the references with most citations from 1997-1999; important expanded material on pharmacology; an entire chapter on prevention has been added; more in-depth coverage of substance-related pathology and treatment related issues; special attention is placed on the upcoming DSM-IV revision; and more information on co-morbidity with psychiatric disorders and genetics of substance use disorders.
Smokers who quit still die earlier than those who never smoked
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Despite a widespread cessation in smoking over the past several decades, there has been no significant decline in death rates from lung cancer among former smokers, according to a new study ( Epidemiology 1999;10:500-12).

The study looked at the impact of stopping smoking on death rates in a group of 51 343 men and 66 751 women from California who were enrolled in the American Cancer Society's original cancer prevention study in 1959 and followed for 38 years.

The study compared the age adjusted death rate, expressed as deaths per 1000 person years, among all participants who had smoked cigarettes in 1959 but who had stopped smoking by 1997 with …