tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of albumin and urea as reference markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: K P Jones, J H Edwards, S P Reynolds, T J Peters, B H Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Lavage fluids were investigated for 67 subjects in 6 groups: 12 with active sarcoidosis, 8 with inactive sarcoidosis, 17 with pigeon breeder's disease, 10 asymptomatic pigeon breeders, 12 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 8 normal subjects. Albumin and urea per ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined for each subject together with percentage return of fluid (BAL%). Novel assay systems were employed to measure urea and albumin and these were compared with existing analytical techniques. When compared with the control group, we found that urea per ml of BALF was not statistically different for all other groups, except those with pigeon breeder's disease who had significantly raised levels. For albumin, however, three groups had significantly higher levels than the controls, namely those with active sarcoidosis, pigeon breeder's disease and IPF. BAL% return showed no significant differences for any group when compared with the controls. We conclude that since albumin is significantly raised in most patients with interstitial lung disease it does not represent a suitable marker for the quantitation of reactive proteins in BALF. Urea shows much less variability between groups than does albumin, and hence in the absence of a proven alternative represents the most reliable estimate available of epithelial lining fluid dilution during the lavage procedure, providing dwell time is kept to a minimum.
Effect of addition of inhaled salmeterol to the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthmatics uncontrolled on high-dose inhaled steroids. European Respiratory Study Group
Authors: P Faurschou, I Steffensen, L Jacques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of inhaled salmeterol 100 micrograms b.d. (SM) versus inhaled salbutamol 400 micrograms q.d.s. (SB), both via the Diskhaler, when added to concurrent treatment, in asthmatic patients who were not controlled on high doses of inhaled steroids (&gt; or = 1,500 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) or equivalent daily). This was a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind study in which 190 patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 30-75% predicted and 15% reversibility to inhaled bronchodilator were randomized to treatment for 6 weeks. In the SM group, morning PEFR increased from 281 to 315 L-min-1 during treatment and in the SB group from 311 to 315 L.min-1 (p &lt; 0.001). The SM group showed significantly better reduction in diurnal variation, from 39 to 22 L.min-1 during treatment, than the SB group (34 to 37 L.min-1) (p &lt; 0.001). There was a significantly greater improvement in FEV1 in the SM group (from 1.63 to 1.85 L) than in the SB group (from 1.79 to 1.84 L). The SM group had significantly more symptom-free nights than the SB group (p &lt; 0.001), and also more "rescue-free" nights (p = 0.04). The adverse event profile was similar in both groups. This study indicates that in asthmatic patients, not controlled on high-dose inhaled steroids, inhaled salmeterol 100 micrograms b.d. significantly improves lung function and reduces asthma symptoms.
The usefulness of FeNO and the mannitol test in detecting airway eosinophilia in asthma patients with uncontrolled symptoms
Authors: Celeste Porsbjerg, Asger Sverrild, Backer Vibeke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background :International guidelines recommend that anti-inflammatory treatment is up-titrated in asthma patients with poor symptom control. However in some patients, uncontrolled symptoms do not reflect airway inflammation, and these must be differentiated from patients with underlying eosinophilic inflammation. Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mannitol both relate to eosinophilic airway inflammation.   Aim:  To determine the value of the mannitol test and FeNO to detect airway eosinophilia in asthma patients with uncontrolled symptoms.   Methods:  All patients referred consecutively over a 12-months period for specialist assessment of asthma at the Respiratory Outpatient Clinic at Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen were examined with bronchial provocation, reversibility, FeNO and induced sputum.   Results:  Among 185 patients assessed, 133 (70%) had a diagnosis of asthma confirmed by at least one positive test (methacholine, mannitol or reversibility), 41% of whom had uncontrolled asthma symptoms with an ACQ score > 1.5.  In patients with uncontrolled asthma symptoms and sputum eosinophils > 3%, the mannitol test was positive in 81%, and FeNO was > 25 ppb in 67% of subjects. Whereas sputum eosinophils were    Conclusion:  The mannitol test and FeNO were usefull for detecting presence or absence of airway eosinophilia, and may aid in the assessment of asthma patients with uncontrolled symptoms.
Updated EAU Guidelines for Clear Cell Renal Cancer Patients Who Fail VEGF Targeted Therapy
Authors: Thomas Powles, Michael Staehler, Börje Ljungberg, Karim Bensalah, Steven E. Canfield, Saeed Dabestani, Rachel Giles, Fabian Hofmann, Milan Hora, Markus A. Kuczyk, Thomas Lam, Lorenzo Marconi, Axel S. Merseburger, Alessandro Volpe, Axel Bex
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Quantitative Exfoliative Cytology of Abnormal Oral Mucosal Smears
Authors: J G Cowpe, R B Longmore, M W Green
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

In this study quantitative techniques have been applied to smears collected from the buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth. The results display an encouraging success rate for identifying premalignant and malignant lesions. ‘Intrapatient’ normal smears provide a satisfactory control for comparison with pathological smears. Early results indicate that quantitative cytology could be of great value for monitoring and follow-up of suspicious lesions and provide an excellent additional diagnostic test for detecting early oral malignancy.
Clinical research of central and lung hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary thrombendarterectomy
Authors: Olga Maltseva, Oleg Sizov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of study: to find factors have influence on patient condition after pulmonary thrombendarterectomy (PTA)   Patients and methods:  13 patients with chronic palindromic lung thromboembolism (CLT)were enrolled in prospective study.Invasive lung and systemic hemodynamic monitoring was perfomed after induction of anesthesia before the operation by thermodilution using PICCO PLUS and VOLEF device. Arterial blood gases were estimated at the same time.Four people (the 1st group) died in early postoperative period of reperfusion lung edema. 9 people (the 2nd group) was discharged from hospital.   Results:  All patients had:  Cardiac volume changes: reduction of global end-diastolic volume index less than 680 ml/m 2 , extension of right ventricle end-diastolic volume index more than 195 ml/m 2 , correlation between right and left heart volume was 2:1  Extravascular lung water index was more than 11 ml/kg, lung vases permeability was not heightened significantly  Contractility was decreased: cardiac output (CI) index less than 2,5l/min/m 2 , left ventricle contractility index (dPmax) less than 1000 mm.hg. right ventricle ejection fraction less than 14%  CI and dPmax were beyond above in second group  Right ventricle afterload was raised significantly:Pulmonary vascular resistance varied from 250 to 2500, mean 1350  Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance ratio was 1:1,28 in first group and 1:3,19 in 2nd group.   Conclusions:  Patients with CLT have specific hemodynamic changes.  Reduction of contractility and increase of afterload may have an influence to development of reperfusion lung edema supplementary study is necessary to expose factors estimated surviving after PTA.
Smoking ages your lungs – Results from the COLD cohort
Authors: Wan Tan, Jane Burns, Jean Bourbeau, Kenneth Chapman, Paul Hernandez, Robert Cowie, Mark FitzGerald, Don Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Calculated Lung Age could be used as motivation to quit smoking. It is unknown whether smoking cessation results in improvement of Lung Age.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesize that smoking cessation can reduce lung age.   Aim:  To determine the lung age for current smokers, ex smokers and life long non-smokers using different lung age equations.   Methods:  We calculated the change in Lung age by 4 different Lung Age equations: Morris [1985], Hansen [2010] Newbury [2010] and the COLD equation [2011]. We utilized the respiratory questionnaire data and pre and post bronchodilator spirometric data from 3,042 people aged 40 years and older in the Canadian Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) study. Four groups of subjects were evaluated: current smokers, ex smokers, lifelong nonsmokers and a subgroup of lifelong nonsmokers who never had respiratory diseases or symptoms.   Results:  The figure shows Lung age change by smoking status and by 4 age groups: 40-49 years; 50-59 years; 60-69 years; 70 years and older. The results from this cross sectional analysis from all 4 equations were consistent, and showed that active smoking is associated with faster aging of the lungs than life long non-smokers and “quitters”; lifelong non-smokers maintain normal lung age as they grow older; and active smoking is associated with greater lung aging than in “quitters”, for the same tobacco load.   Conclusions:  Smoking is associated with accelerated lung aging.
Nanocapsules: Macrophage Cell Membrane Camouflaged Mesoporous Silica Nanocapsules for In Vivo Cancer Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2015)
Authors: Minjun Xuan, Jingxin Shao, Luru Dai, Qiang He, Junbai Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

On page 1645 Q. He, J. Li and colleagues present natural macrophage cell membrane camouflaged silica nanocapsules through a top-down assembly. The employed cell membrane coating can effectively weaken immune response in biological entity, and achieve longer survival time and higher accumulation in the tumor. This strategy supplies a high-efficiency delivery platform for in vivo transportation such as drugs and imaging probes.
Demonstration of lateral and epicardial border zone salvage by flurbiprofen using an in vivo method for assessing myocardium at risk.
Authors: J R Darsee, R A Kloner, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The purposes of this investigation were (1) to develop an in vivo method of determining the myocardium at risk after experimental coronary occlusion; (2) to define the spatial geometry of the salvageable ischemic border zone; an (3) to assess the ability of flurbiprofen, an antiinflammatory agent, to protect ischemic myocardium from necrosis. Twenty-two open-chest dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and were randomized to treated (flurbiprofen 1 mg/kg i.v. at 30 minutes and 4 hours after occlusion; n = 11) or control (saline; n = 11) groups. Six hours after occlusion, methylene blue, 3 ml/lg, was injected into the left atrium, and immediately thereafter the hearts were removed and sliced transversely. Areas not perfused by methylene blue (area at risk [Ar]) were traced, planimetered, and compared to the area of necrosis (An) after incubation in triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The Ar for the two groups were similar (control 28.2 +/- 2.6%; treated 25.2 +/- 2.3% of total left ventricle; NS). In control dogs, An/Ar was 96.2 +/- 0.7%, with similar values for the epicardium and endocardium. In treated dogs, An/Ar was 66.9 +/- 8.9% (p &lt; 0.001), with greater epicardial than endocardial salvage. Topographic superimposition of the An on the Ar showed that salvage occurred both on the epicardial and lateral aspects of the infarct. We conclude that (1) the in vivo methylene blue method of assessing myocardium at risk is useful in standardizing experimental infarct size; (2) flurbiprofen, administered 30 minutes and 4 hours after occlusion, is a potent agent for reducing infarct size; and (3) salvage of myocardium occurs both at the lateral and epicardial borders of the infarct in dogs treated with flurbiprofen.
Growth differentiation factor 15 in heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Michelle M.Y. Chan, Rajalakshmi Santhanakrishnan, Jenny P.C. Chong, Zhaojin Chen, Bee Choo Tai, Oi Wah Liew, Tze Pin Ng, Lieng H. Ling, David Sim, Kui Toh G. Leong, Poh Shuan Daniel Yeo, Hean‐Yee Ong, Fazlur Jaufeerally, Raymond Ching‐Chiew Wong, Ping Chai, Adrian F. Low, Arthur M. Richards, Carolyn S.P. Lam
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Abstract #LB-146: Scaffold attachment factor-1 (SAFB1) is a critical regulator of immune system
Authors: Benny Kaipparettu, Jay Wang, Shiming Jiang, Jason Garee, Jian Huang, Steffi Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Introduction: During the past decade, much insight has been gained regarding the mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between immune cells and tumor progression. A growing body of literature has emerged demonstrating that leukocytes functionally contribute to the development of most human solid tumors. SAFB1 is a matrix binding protein and a known ER\#945; co-repressor. Estrogens increase aspects of innate immunity and contributeto sex differences in the prevalence of autoimmune diseasesand in response to infection. Thus in the present study we evaluated the role of SAFB1 in immune system. Methods: 1) Phenotypic, histological and haemopoietic evaluation of SAFB1 knock out mouse, 2) microarray analysis of MCF7 breast cancer cell line in the presence and absence of SAFB1, 3) SAFB1 ChIP-on-chip analysis of MCF7 cells, 4) analysis of IFN\#947; response to target genes in MCF7 and HT1080 fibrosacroma cell lines in the presence and absence of SAFB1, and 5) protein-protein interaction studies to understand SAFB1 interaction with JAK-STAT pathway. Results: Severe immune system defects were evident with SAFB1 null mice. Reduction of T cell in SAFB1 null mice was also consistently observed in their spleens. We have also observed a maturational block at double positive (DP) stage in thymocyte differentiation with an increase in T cell DP population in SAFB1 null mice. Since the double-positive cells are matured by positive selection with MHC class 1 and class II proteins, we analyzed the role of SAFB1 in the regulation of MHC cluster. Microarray analysis of MCF7 cells showed a significant alteration in several immune genes including induction of MHC class I and class II genes with the loss of SAFB1. This observation was further confirmed by qPCR analysis in MCF7 and HT1080 cell lines after treating with IFN\#947;. ChIP-on-chip analysis suggest that SAFB1 binds to the promoter regions of several MHC class I and class II genes including HLA-C, HLA-E, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMA and HLA-DPB1. This suggests that SAFB1 binds and regulate MHC loci. Co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest that SAFB1 directly interact with other MHC regulatory proteins in the JAK-STAT pathway including STAT1 and PIAS1. Conclusion: Our current observations suggest that the potential master regulator protein SAFB1 alters the immune network including regulation of MHC proteins. This striking observation may significantly contribute to tumor immunology and immune based cancer therapy.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-146.
Destruction of Murine Lymphoma Cells by Allogeneic Immune Peritoneal Macrophages In Vitro: An Ultrastructure Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;,&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K P Dingemans, E Pels, W Den Otter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

SL2 lymphoma cells from inbred DBA/2 mice were added to monolayers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from immunized inbred C57BL/10ScCr mice. Tumor cells were removed from the supernatant most rapidly during the first few hours. Once tumor cells were bound to the macrophages, however, their destruction apparently proceeded at a constant rate. Most tumor cells initially had only very small areas of contact with macrophages. The first tumor cell changes were loss of microvilli and the formation of surface blebs that ultimately detached from the cell. Subsequently, the tumor cell rapidly rounded up while the nucleus became pyknotic and the cytoplasm vacuolated; finally, the plasma membrane lost its integrity. It was only in this stage that the macrophages actively phagocytized the tumor cells. The recorded extracellular killing of tumor cells, followed by phagocytosis of their remnants. was compared with the widely divergent descriptions of macrophagetumor cell interaction in the literature.
Histamine measurement in whole blood and cell supernatants
Authors: B. Rotz, A. Savaser, I Werthmann, S. Lau, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Histamine as an important mediator of the allergic reaction has been measured by a number of methods both in whole blood and cell supernatants after in vitro release. We compared the fluorometric histamine assay with two radioimmunoassays and studied detection limit, recovery, cross-reactivity and accuracy in buffer-based standards as well as the sensitivity after IgE-mediated in vitro release from washed cells and whole blood. Our data indicate that the double-antibody RIA (Pharmacia) can be used for studies of basophil histamine release in both whole blood and cell supernatants. Due to significant cross-reactivity to N-methyl-histamine it cannot be used for histamine determinations in plasma. The second radioimmunoassay using succinyl-glycine as an acylating reagent and monoclonal antibodies, which have been raised to acylated histamine, is the most sensitive assay without any cross-reactivity with methylhistamine.
Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Arthur S Slutsky, V Marco Ranieri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Slutsky and Ranieri (Nov. 28 issue)(1) note that ventilator-induced lung injury may be minimized by means of lung-protective mechanical ventilation or by avoiding it altogether with the use of extracorporeal life-support techniques(2) such as by extracorporeal removal of carbon dioxide or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, there is no consensus regarding ventilator settings during extracorporeal respiratory support. For example, with removal of extracorporeal carbon dioxide, there is usually some degree of mechanical ventilation, whereas patients undergoing ECMO can receive support without mechanical ventilation. While we await the results of controlled trials regarding this question,(3),(4) are the ...
Estrogen and progesterone decrease let-7f microRNA expression and increase IL-23/IL-23 receptor signaling and IL-17A production in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Dawn C. Newcomb, Jacqueline Yvonne Cephus, Madison G. Boswell, John M. Fahrenholz, Emily W. Langley, Amy S. Feldman, Weisong Zhou, Daniel E. Dulek, Kasia Goleniewska, Kimberly B. Woodward, Carla M. Sevin, Robert G. Hamilton, Jay K. Kolls, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Late-breaking abstract: Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in neuromuscular disease: What is the best combination of pressures?
Authors: Maria Luísa Soares, Miguel Gonçalves, Nayala Gazola, John R. Bach
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) in neuromuscular disease (NMD). Recently a new MI-E device has the possibility of applying higher pressures, at different combinations and cough peak flow (CPF) monitoring.  Objective: To evaluate CPF values generated by different MI-E pressure combinations in NMD patients.  Methods: MI-E sessions were performed in NMD patients with a CPF   Results: 27 NMD patients (10 women) with a mean age of 58.85 ± 18.4 years, vital capacity of 903.5 ± 563.5 ml and voluntary CPF of 114 ± 92 L/min were included. Data on CPF values and best MI-E pressure combination according bulbar function are in Table 1. No side effects related to high MI-E pressures occurred.  Conclusion: Combinations of pressures above ± 40cmH2O generate higher CPF values and the combination of ± 70cmH2O is more effective in patients with TT. The effectiveness of abdominal thrust during exsufflation is dependent on the BF integrity.
Alcohol Consumption of Patients Attending Two Accident and Emergency Departments in North-West England
Authors: D W Yates, J M Hadfield, K Peters
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

The impact of alcohol use on the workload of two accident & emergency departments in north-west England was assessed by blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measurement, inspection of clinical records and interview of all patients aged 16 and over attending throughout a two-week period. The frequency of intoxication was similar to the previous reported rate in Scotland: 13.2% of all patients had a positive BAC. Inebriated injured patients arrived at all times of the day--varying in frequency from 2.5% of midday attenders to 78% of those presenting after midnight. The incidence of alcohol-related industrial accidents was low, but 60% of all assaulted patients were inebriated, many having sustained head injuries. Of patients attending within 2 hours of an accident at home, 19% also had a positive BAC, but 92% of those with ankle sprains were sober. Patients in lower social classes reported higher rates of alcohol consumption. The popularity of beer in comparison to wines and spirits was inversely related to age and unrelated to social class. Alcohol abuse is commonly associated with injuries sustained at home and with assaults occurring in public places. Prevention campaigns directed at the reduction of these types of incidents should be as concerned with the inebriation of the patient as with the architectural, environmental and legal framework within which the 'accident' occurs.
Preparation of Plasma Membranes From Line 10 and Line 1 Guinea Pig Hepatomas
Authors: Peter C. Dau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Gentle homogenization followed by differential and density gradient centrifugation was used to purify line 10 and line 1 guinea pig hepatoma plasma membranes in the form of ghosts. Yields of 15--25% allowed enough membranes to be obtained from a single ascites tumor-bearing animal for immunologic and biochemical studies. Although the plasma membrane marker enzyme (Na+ + k+)atpase was present in normal concentrations in both line 10 and line 1 hepatomas, 5'-nucleotidase was reduced over 100-fold in both tumors and phosphodiesterase I was increased 210-fold in the line 10 hepatomas.
MMP21 is mutated in human heterotaxy and is required for normal left-right asymmetry in vertebrates
Authors: Anne Guimier, George C Gabriel, Fanny Bajolle, Michael Tsang, Hui Liu, Aaron Noll, Molly Schwartz, Rajae El Malti, Laurie D Smith, Nikolai T Klena, Gina Jimenez, Neil A Miller, Myriam Oufadem, Anne Moreau de Bellaing, Hisato Yagi, Carol J Saunders, Candice N Baker, Sylvie Di Filippo, Kevin A Peterson, Isabelle Thiffault, Christine Bole-Feysot, Linda D Cooley, Emily G Farrow, Cécile Masson, Patric Schoen, Jean-François Deleuze, Patrick Nitschké, Stanislas Lyonnet, Loic de Pontual, Stephen A Murray, Damien Bonnet, Stephen F Kingsmore, Jeanne Amiel, Patrice Bouvagnet, Cecilia W Lo, Christopher T Gordon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)