tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of thyroid hormone in stimulating liver repopulation in the rat by transplanted hepatocytes
Authors: Ran Oren, Mariana D. Dabeva, Anthony N. Karnezis, Petko M. Petkov, Richard Rosencrantz, Jaswinder P. Sandhu, Steven F. Moss, Shaobai Wang, Ethel Hurston, Ezio Laconi, Peter R. Holt, Swan N. Thung, Liang Zhu, David A. Shafritz
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Recently, we reported near-complete repopulation of the rat liver by transplanted hepatocytes using retrorsine (RS), a pyrrolizidine alkaloid that alkylates cellular DNA and blocks proliferation of resident hepatocytes, followed by transplantation of normal hepatocytes in conjunction with two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH). Because two-thirds PH is not feasible for use in humans, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T 3 ]), a known hepatic mitogen, to stimulate liver repopulation in the retrorsine model. Because T 3 initiates morphogenesis in amphibians through a process involving both cell proliferation and apoptosis, we also determined whether apoptosis might play a role in the mechanism of hepatocyte proliferation induced by T 3 . Following hepatocyte transplantation and repeated injections of T 3 , the number of transplanted hepatocytes in the liver of RS-pretreated animals increased progressively to repopulate 60% to 80% of parenchymal cell mass in 60 days. We show further that T 3 treatment augments proliferation of normal hepatocytes, as evidenced by increased histone 3 mRNA and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) expression, and this is followed by apoptosis. These combined effects of T 3 lead to selective proliferation of transplanted hepatocytes in RS-pretreated rats, while endogenous hepatocytes, which are blocked in their proliferative capacity by RS, mainly undergo apoptosis. Thus, T 3 can replace PH in the RS-based rat liver repopulation model and therefore represents a significant advance in developing methods for hepatocyte transplantation.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin, a reliable endogenous marker for intestinal protein loss and its application in patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: U Karbach, K Ewe, H Bodenstein
Journal: Gut (1983)

Intestinal protein loss is generally determined by radio-labelled macromolecules. Alpha 1-antitrypsin has been proposed as an endogenous marker for protein losing enteropathy, but different opinions exist about its reliability. In 25 patients with Crohn9s disease faecal protein loss was studied with intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) clearance. Simultaneously, in 10 patients alpha 1AT clearance was compared with faecal 51Cr clearance after intravenous 51Cr-albumin injection. There was a linear relation (p less than 0.05) between alpha 1AT clearance and 51Cr clearance in these cases. In all patients alpha 1AT clearance was raised above control values. alpha 1AT clearance, however, did not correlate with the activity index of Crohn9s disease. This index does not contain direct criteria of intestinal inflammation, does not take into account localisation or extent of inflammation, and includes complications such as extraintestinal manifestations, fistuli, stenoses not necessarily related to actual mucosal involvement. It is concluded that alpha 1AT is a reliable marker for intestinal protein loss and that the intestinal changes of Crohn9s disease generally lead to an increased protein exudation into the gut.
Abstract 4783: Proteomic analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: de novo versus relapse
Authors: Kee R. Kang, Eun S. Park, Dawon Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct biological and prognostic grouping. The initial response to induction chemotherapy is the most important prognostic factor in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients with rapid early response (RER &amp;lt; 5% of blast in bone marrow at day 7 after induction chemotherapy) have better event-free survival compared to slow early responders (SER ≤ 25% of blast). However, no predictive marker for relapse or treatment failure is currently available. This study aimed to find plausible biomarkers of drug sensitivity in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) of childhood ALL cases using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent MALDI-TOF/mass spectrometry. The 714 spots in RER and 555 spots in SER were visualized in gels. Of these 28 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated proteins in SER_as compared to RER_were identified. The detected proteins were 60-kDa heat shock protein, actin, lamin-B1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K, and so on. HnRNPK, down-regulated in SER was further verified by Western blot analysis. In future studies, the roles of HnRNPK in drug sensitivity/resistance are undergoing to elucidate as a potential biomarker for ALL therapy. [Funding source: NRF grant (R13-2005-012-01003-0)]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4783. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4783
Significant Enhancement of Esophageal Pre-Epithelial Defense by Tegaserod: Implications for an Esophagoprotective Effect
Authors: Marek Majewski, Tomasz Jaworski, Irene Sarosiek, Sandra Sostarich, Katherine Roeser, Stanley A. Edlavitch, Jeffrey Kralstein, Grzegorz Wallner, Richard W. McCallum, Jerzy Sarosiek
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
TRACHOMA OR GRANULAR LIDS.
Authors: JAMES A. LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Trachoma or granular lids (not granulated lids), ophthalmia militaris, ophthalmia Egyptiaca, trachoma verum, trachoma Ariti (Arlt), trachoma folliculare (Horner), trachoma mixtum (Stellwag), as it is variously styled has received much attention at the hands of ophthalmologists, and the literature upon the subject is so copious that it is almost an act of supererogation to attempt to present anything new and interesting upon the topic; but the dreadful ravages of the affection, and the fact that we are still far from a unity of views in regard to the disease, renders an attempt in this direction at least excusable. Not long since an article appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Associationfrom the pen of an eminent professor of ophthalmology in which the expression "granulated lids" was used, and while appreciating that by reason of the peculiar anatomic arrangement of the lids, granular and hypertrophie masses are distributed over
Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke.
Authors: T. A. Sheldon, N. D. Freemantle, C. T. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and a review of systems in only seven.A clear statement of the indications for treatment with lithium was found in 18 of the notes, while an explicit treatment plan had been preserved in only five.In none of the case notes was there a record suggesting that the patient had been informed of the possible side effects or toxicity of lithium, nor of the need to have regular blood tests and to maintain adequate fluid intake.Lithium is known to be a toxic drug and patients are undoubtedly given information about its use, but this should be recorded, particularly in view ofrecent medicolegal interest in the use of lithium.Kehoe and Mander comment that certain aspects of lithium prescribing and monitoring habits give cause for concern; our audit suggests that this concern should also be extended to the period when lithium is first prescribed and to the recording of treatment and advice given.
Surgery of Marfan's syndrome and related conditions of the aortic root (annulo-aortic ectasia)
Authors: D. N. Ross, T. G. Frazier, L. Gonzalez-Lavin
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The surgical treatment of 14 patients with annulo-aortic ectasia and aortic valve regurgitation secondary to cystic medial necrosis is presented. Resection of the aneurysm and replacement with a tubular graft, and aortic valve replacement with a rigid prosthesis, are advocated for definitive treatment. Eighty-six per cent of the patients survive and are doing well six months to four and a half years after surgery.
Vagotonicity of Violence: Biochemical and Cardiac Responses to Violent Films and Television Programmes
Authors: M. Carruthers, P. Taggart
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a search for a reproducible means of evoking different types of emotional stress it was found that in spite of increased adrenaline secretion slowing of the heart occurred when watching violent television programmes. Further evidence of increased vagal tone was provided by the "sinus arrhythmia" effect, a widening of the gap between the maximum and minimum heart rates during the respiratory cycle in parts of the humour, violence, and suspense sections of the television programme. Groups of people taken to see two particularly violent films showed similar evidence suggesting vagal overactivity, together with increases in plasma free fatty acids and decreases in triglycerides. As these changes occurred even with β-blockade it is suggested that they might be caused by non-sympathetically mediated changes in the levels of hormones, such as growth hormone, producing lipolysis. The ability to assess objectively an individual9s reaction to viewing violence might make it possible to judge the likely social impact of violent films and television programmes.
Impact of early molecular response in children with chronic myeloid leukemia treated in the French Glivec phase 4 study
Authors: Frédéric Millot, Joelle Guilhot, André Baruchel, Arnaud Petit, Yves Bertrand, Françoise Mazingue, Patrick Lutz, Cecile Vérité, Christian Berthou, Claire Galambrun, Nicolas Sirvent, Karima Yakouben, Claudine Schmitt, Virginie Gandemer, Yves Reguerre, Gérard Couillault, Françoise Mechinaud, Jean-Michel Cayuela
Journal: Blood (2014)
THE CONTROL OF INTERNAL HEMORRHAGE BY DRUGS.
Authors: THOMAS LUTHER COLEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

By the term internal hemorrhage, as used in this paper, I include all forms of bleeding in which the bleeding point is not within reach of direct topical application. It will be my purpose to set forth the general principles on which rational medical treatment is based, and not to discuss the relative merits of surgical and medical means. In the first place, it may be stated that we have no specific remedy for the control of bleeding, and secondly that the employment of many of the drugs recommended is not based on rational grounds. As will be seen presently various agents are advised for a similar condition which act antagonistically, so that if one does good, the other must do harm. The preference given to many remedies by clinicians is too often based on insufficient data. The action on a small series of cases of certain character may not
Measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with active variceal bleeding
Authors: Osman Cavit Ozdogan
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

I read with interest the article on measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with active variceal bleeding.1 I would like to mention one therapeutic aspect in this article that I suggest is not appropriate. The authors randomized the patients with cirrhosis and active bleeding into two arms—injection sclerotherapy and band ligation—and measured the hepatic venous pressure gradient before and after the procedure until the 5th day of admission. They concluded that injection sclerotherapy had caused a sustained increase in hepatic venous pressure gradient, which is followed by a higher rebleeding rate. The authors did not administer any pharmacological treatment to the patients who exhibited signs and symptoms of acute variceal bleeding within 12 hours of admission. I believe it is inappropriate to withhold vasoactive drugs from patients who experience active variceal bleeding. The authors claim that at the time they designed the study, endoscopic treatment was the treatment of choice for acute variceal bleeding.2 However, in an American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases single-topic symposium in 1998, pharmacological treatment was established as an effective treatment for variceal bleeding.3 Furthermore, D'Amico et al.4 published an elegant meta-analysis in 1999 in which they concluded that pharmacological treatment should be started immediately even if variceal bleeding is suspected before endoscopic confirmation. The present study was performed between 1998 and 2001, the period in which the pharmacological treatment consensus had already been accepted. I believe that researchers should either stop or modify a study when a consensus on treatment modalities is altered completely during the study period. Osman Cavit Ozdogan M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Unit, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
The Substance Abuse Problems
Authors: B. Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Written by a leading authority in the field of substance abuse, this volume represents a collection of short, lucid essays on various drug abuse topics that originally appeared in Vista Hill Foundation's<i>Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Newsletter</i>between 1972 and 1979. The book contains 69 essays divided among five sections. The first and longest section has 30 chapters, which masterfully summarize the basic pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical effects of a wide variety of licit and illicit drugs of abuse (including alcohol and tobacco). The second section discusses the epidemiology of drug abuse, with most of its eight essays concerned with narcotic and alcohol dependence. The third section leads off with a chapter essentially listing the physical signs and symptoms associated with various types of substance abuse, followed by six essays related to specific problems in the diagnosis of drug abuse. The fourth section deals with treatment but is somewhat limited
Adenomatous hyperplasia in the vicinity of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Akira Eguchi, Osamu Nakashima, Sadayuki Okudaira, Shigetaka Sugihara, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The nodular lesions seen in the noncancerous areas of the 80 consecutively resected small hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis were pathomorphologically studied. A total of 51 nodular lesions were found, and they were classified into the following four groups: large regenerative nodule (30 nodules), adenomatous hyperplasia (12 nodules), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (4 nodules) and adenomatous hyperplasia containing cancerous foci (5 nodules). Grossly, all large regenerative nodules were well demarcated, but some of the adenomatous hyperplasia group were vaguely nodular. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia containing cancerous foci accounted for 43% of the adenomatous hyperplasia group found in the vicinity of the 16 resected hepatocellular carcinoma (20%) out of 80 cases. The mean size (±S.D.) of the adenomatous hyperplasias containing cancerous foci, 15.8 ± 2.2 mm, was significantly larger than 10.1 ± 2.6 mm of the adenomatous hyperplasias (p < 0.01). All adenomatous hyperplasias containing cancerous foci and 75% of the atypical adenomatous hyperplasias demonstrated a marked fatty change, but none of the large regenerative nodules were accompanied by any fatty changes. This study demonstrated the morphological transition from adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma that was suggestive of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. As a result, it is predicted that approximately 20% of all hepatocellular carcinomas may have the potential for being of multicentric origin and that approximately 40% of adenomatous hyperplasias may undergo malignant transformation, but it is difficult to estimate the exact number of incidences. The presence of varying degrees of fatty change may be one of the significant morphological markers for a malignant transformation from adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. We should also be aware that adenomatous hyperplasias larger than 1.5 cm in size might already contain cancerous foci somewhere in the nodule. Accordingly, adenomatous hyperplasia should be treated as a premalignant lesion. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:843–848).
Controlling the Hemorrhage of Routine Coagulation Tests-Reply
Authors: Stephen B. Erban
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Fox is clearly correct in his assertion that hospitals can generate significant profit from laboratory tests, but I disagree that this is the sole reason why unnecessary ordering of tests such as the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time has endured despite "education and other types of feedback." Many physicians continue to order these and other tests because of force of habit or fear of litigation<sup>1</sup>and probably not out of some sense of financial responsibility to the hospital. As the number of capitated patients in any hospital rises, the profit to be gained by laboratory testing declines. Perhaps this factor may lend added incentive for hospital administrators to devise new methods for decreasing the use of unnecessary laboratory tests. Although our article used direct costs for our analysis, these figures excluded other potential costs such as those associated with the evaluation of false-positive results.<sup>2</sup>
Topical Application of Cyclic AMP In Psoriasis
Authors: Robert Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In view of the recent work involving decreased skin cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in patients with psoriasis, the following small study was carried out. Seven patients with psoriasis participated in scraping away the scale on their psoriasis lesions, so that it would be easier for the material to penetrate, and then applied dibutylated cyclic AMP, 0.2μg/ml dissolved in acetone followed by a 1% papaverine solution to a selected plaque of psoriasis. This was done three times a day for four weeks. At the end of this time there was either no change in these psoriatic plaques or they were worse. The only conclusions one can reach is that topically applied cyclic AMP, even with an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase, is not sufficient to inhibit the rapid epidermal proliferation and improve the psoriatic patch. There could be many reasons for these observations: either the concentrations were inadequate, although
INTRACAPSULAR FRACTURE OF THE HIP
Authors: Royal Whitman
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I note in the paper by Drs. Howard and Christophe on the treatment of intracapsular fracture of the hip at the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals (The Journal, Dec. 15, 1934, p. 1833) that the purpose is to compare the end results of treatment by the "abduction double spica of Whitman with those of the traction methods of Ruth and Peckham." This suggests the following comments: That there is no "Whitman double spica," since I have never used such an appliance. That the abduction treatment is quite independent of the external appliance. It is in essence the utilization of anatomic mechanics to correct deformity and to oppose and fix the fragments. The function of ⅕ external splint is simply to support the limb in the altitude that assures the anatomic fixation; namely, complete abduction, complete extension and slight inward rotation. For this purpose plaster of paris is
Validation of a non‐surgical porcine coronary stenosis model resulting in viable dysfunctional myocardium. Evidence for chronic stunning
Authors: M. Szilard, L. Mesotten, X.S. Liu, A. Maes, J. Nuyts, Y.M. Huang, M. Borgers, F. Van De Werf, L. Mortelmans, I. De Scheerder
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HYALURONIDASE AND TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTI-M SERUM ON EXPERIMENTAL GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTIONS IN MICE
Authors: Sidney Rothbard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Five strains of encapsulated group A streptococci of different serological types, each with a glossy and a matt variant, were studied to compare the rôles of the M substance and the hyaluronic acid capsule in virulence of these microorganisms. The results indicated that both contribute to the virulence of group A streptococci but that the M antigen is the more fundamental factor. Encapsulated variants, both glossy and matt, were slightly less susceptible to phagocytosis than those from which the capsule had been removed with hyaluronidase. Glossy variants, containing no M substance, were readily phagocyted; matt, M-containing variants were resistant to phagocytosis except in the presence of anti-M serum when they became fully susceptible. Only the M-containing, matt strains were mouse-virulent. Mice were protected against infections with these strains: (a) By removal of the capsule with hyaluronidase, which resulted in slight protection, but only against 10 M.L.D. Early and intensive treatment was required to produce this effect; i.e., simultaneous injection of enzyme and streptococci followed by prolonged enzyme therapy. (b) By a single injection of anti-M serum administered the day before inoculation of the streptococci, which resulted in protection against 100,000 M.L.D. (c) By combined use of enzyme and anti-M serum, an additive effect of the two protective agents occurred, which resulted in protection against 1,000,000 M.L.D.
Vagotomy for Peptic Ulcer
Authors: K. Jarvis, J. Mousley, J. Singleton
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Culture-independent microbial sequencing techniques have revealed that the respiratory tract harbours a complex microbiome not detectable by conventional culturing methods. The contribution of the microbiome to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathobiology and the potential for microbiome-based clinical biomarkers in COPD are still in the early phases of investigation. Sputum is an easily obtainable sample and has provided a wealth of information on COPD pathobiology, and thus has been a preferred sample type for microbiome studies. Although the sputum microbiome likely reflects the respiratory microbiome only in part, there is increasing evidence that microbial community structure and diversity are associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, both in stable COPD and during the exacerbations. Current evidence has been limited to mainly cross-sectional studies using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, attempting to answer the question ‘who is there?’ Longitudinal studies using standardised protocols are needed to answer outstanding questions including differences between sputum sampling techniques. Further, with advancing technologies, microbiome studies are shifting beyond the examination of the 16S rRNA gene, to include whole metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing, as well as metabolome characterisation. Despite being technically more challenging, whole-genome profiling and metabolomics can address the questions ‘what can they do?’ and ‘what are they doing?’ This review provides an overview of the basic principles of high-throughput microbiome sequencing techniques, current literature on sputum microbiome profiling in COPD, and a discussion of the associated limitations and future perspectives.
Remarks on Some of the Physiological and Pathological Influences of the Nervous System on Nutrition
Authors: C. E. Brown-Sequard
Journal: BMJ (1880)

TuEa discussion which I have been requested to open concerns ques- tions of unusual difficulLy.The determination of the share which the nervous system takes in the production of structural disease is difficult, partly on accotunt of the extremely complex functions of the various parts of that system, and partly because nerve-tissue itself is liable to many and various forms of organic disorder.With diseases of the nervous system itself we have, on the present occasion, nothing to do; but, as I shall have to show before long, it is very easy to mistake, for a result of disturbance through nerves, certain symptoms which are probably produced by degeneration or inflammation of the nervous structure.Let me here say, I consider myself unusually fortunate in having to open this subject under the presidency of one to whom we owe some of the earliest and most suggestive teaching respecting it.It was from Sir James Paget's lectures at the College of Surgeons, twenty- five years ago, that my earliest interest in the subject dates;