tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of prescribing for children
Authors: J A Bochsler
Journal: BMJ (1980)

It is worth pointing out that some of the drugs in Dr Catford's list are considered hazardous or undesirable on the basis of inadequate information relating to their use in children, and in fact two-thirds of the drugs in the British National Formulary and the Data Sheet Compendium' have limited use in children because of disclaimers or inadequate dose information.2For most other drugs in these prescribing reference texts the basis on which dose recommendations are made may be inappropriate,2 and there is little that the general practitioner can do about this.Good prescribing is certainly relative, but it seems to us that Dr Catford's method of assessing the quality of prescribing is both limited and inadequate.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH THE NEW ALKALOID, ERGOMETRINE
Authors: C. Moir
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Towards the end of his life Harvey wrote to a young medical man that as an explorer his own days were; alas, numbered."But," said he, "it will always be a pleasant sight to see distinguished men like yourself engaged in this honourable arena."There spoke the true spirit of adventure, glad to hand on the torch to the younger generation.In like spirit it is good for us on this morrow of St. Luke's to pause amid the rush of life for an hour to join hands with those who have gone before and with those who will come after us.Thus is the real continuity of this College assured.
Ultrasonic Sounds and Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: William J. Walls
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor. —  I am writing in response to the article Pancreatic Carcinoma: Survival Following Detection by Ultrasonic Scanning (238:240, 1977). While I agree with the statement that ultrasound is not as sensitive as one would like in detecting pancreatic neoplasm, evidence would suggest that it is probably still the most sensitive diagnostic modality available at this date. This is particularly important since it is relatively inexpensive and noninvasive. Computerized tomographic scanning may well prove more sensitive, but this has not been proved as yet.  The implication in the article is that diagnostic ultrasound probably is not worthwhile in attempting to diagnose pancreatic neoplasm since the patient's survival after detection is unaltered. I feel this is an unfair condemnation of diagnostic ultrasound. It appears in this article that all patients were treated only with surgery. There is increasing evidence that aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens increase survival in pancreatic carcinoma. I
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SURGERY OF THE GALL BLADDER AND DUCTS.
Authors: ALEXANDER HUGH FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>ANATOMY.</h3> The advancement of surgery to include the biliary passages has awakened a new interest in these structures and their relations. The surgeon found it necessary to go into the dissecting room and familiarize himself with the normal structures in this region. With this object in view, George Emerson Brewer,<sup>1</sup>M.D., New York, dissected and studied 160 subjects to which I wish to refer you. Mr. Morrison<sup>2</sup>has drawn attention to the lesser sac of the peritoneum in which the gall bladder exists, and many others have made valuable observations. The ninth costal cartilage is the external landmark of the gall bladder; in making an incision to expose it, the lower intercostal nerves should be avoided if possible. By making the perpendicular incision below the costal arch, and through the outer border of the right rectus muscle, only the ninth intercostal nerve is severed. There is not much variation in the normal position of the
Bevacizumab (BEV) and paclitaxel (PAC) every two weeks as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer (ABC). Preliminary results.
Authors: A Ardavanis, D Doufexis, P Kountourakis, S Malliou, A Karagiannis, E Kardara, D Sykoutri, G Rigatos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4121 Background: Targeting angiogenesis is nowadays one of the most promising approaches for breast cancer. BEV, an anti- VEGF monoclonal antibody, was recently approved in combination with PAC for first-line treatment of ABC. Preliminary of a biweekly regimen of the combination are presented here.&amp;#x2028; Patients-treatment: P with ABC were to receive, after appropriate premedication, BEV 10 mg/kg and PAC 135 mg/m2 with growth factors where necessary, q2weeks for six months; responders and stabilized P had to receive maintenance with BEV 15 mg/kg q3weeks until progression. This regimen was chosen instead of the established one standard ( PAC weekly ) for better patient convenience, while maintaining the same dose intensity for both drugs (for PAC the DI of the 3-weekly 175/m2 schedule).&amp;#x2028; Results: Thirty one ( 31 ) , HER 2 negative women aged 39-63 ( average 55 )were enrolled. Toxicity was in general acceptable: Neutropenia/leucopenia grade III/IV, anaemia I/II, neuropathy grade III and manageable hypertension in 5, 3, 7, 6 P ( 16%, 9%, 22%, 19% ) respectively were observed. Efficacy: Two P experienced a complete response, 12 responded partially, 12 P with stable disease and 5 progressed. Overall response and disease control rates were 45% and 83% respectively. Results for PFS and OS are still immature.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: This biweekly BEV/PAC combination seems to be active with acceptable toxicity in ABC. The activity observed in the small-size population of this study should be assessed in a larger number of patients; if confirmed, BEV/PAC/q2w might represent an interesting alternative option for this group of patients as it has a clear advantage for patient's convenience over the weekly regimen contributing to QoL preservation and saving of resources. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4121.
Arthritis in rats after systemic injection of streptococcal cells or cell walls.
Authors: W J Cromartie, J G Craddock, J H Schwab, S K Anderle, C H Yang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Further investigation of the biological properties of streptococcal cells and their components has produced a model of erosive synovitis in rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of whole cell sonicate of group A streptococci into Sprague-Dawley rats induced an acute arthritis which evolved into a prolonged inflammatory process characterized by several complete or partial remissions, joint deformity, and ankylosis. The toxic moiety is a peptidoglycan-polysaccharide fragment of the cell wall which persists in tissue. Histologic features of the arthritis include an acute exudative phase followed by an erosive synovitis that leads to destruction of cartilage and subchondral bone and fibrous ankylosis of the joints. The arthropathic properties of whole cell sonicates of several species of streptococci are compared along with studies of the ability of heat-killed, whole cells of groups A, B, and C streptococci to induce arthritis in rats. Whole cells induce arthritis after a latent period of 57-120 days when group A cells are injected and 7-10 days when group B cells are tested.
Thrombosis, phlebitis, and varicose veins
Authors: B. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Varicose veins have been placed high on the list of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis both in British and European guidelines.1 2 But warnings of a high risk of thrombosis for people with varicose veins are based on limited evidence3 4 5 6 7 and raise some important questions for those advising and treating them. Firstly, what is the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with varicose veins, either in their normal daily lives or when other risk factors are present? Secondly, what is the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients having surgery for varicose veins, and what prophylaxis should be used?

The evidence for an association between varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis is based solely on the results of studies on cohorts of patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery.3 4 5 6 7 These documented varicose …
Translational enhancers of EAAT2: therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Allison S. Limpert, Nicholas D.P. Cosford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to the neuronal injury and death associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. The glutamate transporter EAAT2, which is primarily localized on astrocytic processes, facilitates glutamate clearance from synapses, thus preventing neuronal damage. In this issue of the JCI, Kong et al. characterize a compound that upregulates EAAT2 translation, thereby increasing glutamate uptake by glial cells. Furthermore, this strategy for alleviating excitotoxicity was found to be beneficial in mouse models of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and epilepsy, suggesting that future development in this chemical series may lead to much-needed treatments for these disorders.
Is evidence based patient choice feasible?
Authors: Peter Cantillon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What could be more ordinary and humdrum (for a clinician) than a case of a woman with osteoarthritis of the knee? Yet a doctor's potential responses to her uncertainty about whether to take a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or paracetomol has stimulated an interesting debate. Tugwell and colleagues have used this case to demonstrate the use of a decision aid as a tool in helping a patient to make an informed choice. The decision aid is clearly very patient centred. It asks the patient …
Lack of effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade on myocardial platelet or polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation and on infarct size after transient coronary occlusion in pigs
Authors: José A Barrabés, David Garcia-Dorado, Maribel Mirabet, Rosa-Maria Lidón, Bernat Soriano, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Pilar Pizcueta, José Blanco, Yolanda Puigfel, Jordi Soler-Soler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Relapsing polychondritis: relation to periarteritis nodosa.
Authors: G Somers, P Potvliege
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the anterior chest and she developed pleuritic pain.The symptoms worsened overnight, and next day she came to the casualty department.Clinical examination suggested a right pneumothorax, and radiography confirmed about 30 % collapse on that side.An intercostal catheter was inserted and she made a full recovery.
Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System
Authors: Wade Volwiler
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The third edition of this excellent well-established clinical guidebook to hepatobiliary disorders fully maintains the volume's previous fine reputation. Single authorship by one of the world's principal hepatologists provides a splendid, concise integration of information. It is amazing that wise, ruthless pruning of words can lead to such comprehensive factual coverage within a single small volume. The writing has been accomplished with extraordinary clarity. The author most carefully avoids empiricism, expresses healthy skepticism of currently advocated ideas of pathophysiology and treatment which lack reasonable scientific foundation, and deftly indicates important points of controversy. She does not hesitate to express personal opinions, sometimes dogmatic, but her position as a world authority invites this, and her opinions should therefore be appreciated. Pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry are developed carefully whenever firm scientific data allow. The introductory chapters on anatomy and biochemistry would benefit from further development and maturity of information. As one example, illustrations
HIF2α signaling inhibits adherens junctional disruption in acute lung injury
Authors: Haixia Gong, Jalees Rehman, Haiyang Tang, Kishore Wary, Manish Mittal, Pallavi Chatturvedi, Youyang Zhao, Yulia A. Komorova, Stephen M. Vogel, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction underlies diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. The transcription factor HIF2α is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and may regulate endothelial barrier function. Here, we analyzed promoter sequences of genes encoding proteins that regulate adherens junction (AJ) integrity and determined that vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) is a HIF2α target. HIF2α-induced VE-PTP expression enhanced dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin, which reduced VE-cadherin endocytosis and thereby augmented AJ integrity and endothelial barrier function. Mice harboring an EC-specific deletion of Hif2a exhibited decreased VE-PTP expression and increased VE-cadherin phosphorylation, resulting in defective AJs. Mice lacking HIF2α in ECs had increased lung vascular permeability and water content, both of which were further exacerbated by endotoxin-mediated injury. Treatment of these mice with Fg4497, a prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) inhibitor, activated HIF2α-mediated transcription in a hypoxia-independent manner. HIF2α activation increased VE-PTP expression, decreased VE-cadherin phosphorylation, promoted AJ integrity, and prevented the loss of endothelial barrier function. These findings demonstrate that HIF2α enhances endothelial barrier integrity, in part through VE-PTP expression and the resultant VE-cadherin dephosphorylation-mediated assembly of AJs. Moreover, activation of HIF2α/VE-PTP signaling via PHD2 inhibition has the potential to prevent the formation of leaky vessels and edema in inflammatory diseases such as ARDS.
Dissociation and delayed conduction in the canine right bundle branch.
Authors: A Walston, J P Boineau, J A Alexander, W C Sealy
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Bipolar electrograms were recorded from five to six sites on the septal right bundle branch (RBB) using a multielectrode patch in ten mongrel dogs. Antegrade activation was recorded along the right bundle during sinus rhythm and during right atrial pacing at varying heart rates. Retrograde activation was produced by pacing from right ventricular epicardium. Right bundle conduction velocities varied from 1.4 to 3.3 m/sec (mean 2.0 m/sec) for antegrade conduction and from 1.8 to 2.7 m/sec (mean 2.1 m/sec) for retrograde activation. Varying degrees of conduction delay were elicited by premature stimulation and mechanical pressure to the right bundle. The conduction delays occurred over small segments of the right bundle branch with regeneration of normal propagation velocity distal to the region of block. The conduction delays were associated with fragmentation of the RBB electograms with initiation of delayed activation waves which traveled variable distances antegrade and retrograde. These data show that stress-induced longitudinal dissociation may produce delayed activation waves within the right bundle branch which may simulate re-entrant arrhythmias.
Measurement of right and left ventricular systolic time intervals by echocardiography.
Authors: S Hirschfeld, R Meyer, D C Schwartz, J Korfhagen, S Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (1975)

One of the noninvasive methods of evaluating left ventricular performance is the measurement of left ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI). However, noninvasive measurement of right ventricular systole by this technique has been unreliable because of the inability to accurately time the onset of right ventricular ejection. Excellent correlation of LVSTI measured from the carotid pulse and those determined from the echocardiogram was demonstrated in 15 patients. STI of the right ventricle (RVSTI) were measured in a similar fashion from the pulmonary valve echo in 11 normal children. Right ventricular ejection time (RVET) was longer than left ventricular injection time (LVET). Right ventricular pre-ejection period and RPEP was shorter than left ventricular pre-ejection period (LPEP). In 15 children with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) the situation was reversed. RVET was shortened and RPEP was prolonged as the right ventricle contracted against systemic resistance; whereas, the LVET lengthened and LPEP shortened with ejection into a low pressure pulmonary circuit. Our studies in a total of 41 patients indicate the accurate, noninvasive measurement of right, as well as left, ventricular STI can be obtained with the use of echocardiography.
Pro-fibrotic SNPs
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

How staph thwarts attackStaphylococcus aureus stifles its host's immune response by producing an immunosuppressive molecule, report Thammavongsa and colleagues.The new study reveals that without the cell wall enzyme adenosine synthase A (AdsA), most staphylococci fail to thrive and cause severe disease in mice.The gene encoding AdsA contains a 5 Ј -nucleotidase domain, making it similar to a family of mammalian enzymes that convert adenosine monophosphate into adenosine.Adenosine has many immune-dampening effects including blunting T cell proliferation, inhibiting cytokine production, and blocking neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production.Bacterial isolates expressing AdsA were previously associated with invasive disease in humans, but the connection between AdsA and pathogenesis wasn't understood.Now it appears that at least two strains of staph (including one methicillin-resistant strain) and the anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis use AdsA to tap into the adenosine system.Bacteria with intact adsA survived longer in whole blood from rodents and humans than did adsA-deficient bacteria.And mice infected with adsA-deficient strains cleared infection
Editorial: Women's ad-lib
Authors: G. L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Although civilized ladies have not yet devised methods of transference of childbirth to their fellow men, they learned to duck breast-feeding many decades ago, knowing that man as well as woman can lift a bottle. "Mother's Milk" came to apply solely to human mothers, while mother bovine milk was simply cows' milk. Breast milk meant human milk, presumably because cows are differently equipped, and sentimentality of expression reigns. Compared to that of the human mother, the cow's babe must flourish on 25% less fat and a third less carbohydrate, while prospering on more than twice as much protein. For two hundred years, pediatricians have successfully "readjusted" the milk of the cow to equal that of
Agranulocytosis Associated With Fenoprofen
Authors: Paul J. Treusch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  We would like to report a case of agranulocytosis temporally associated with fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon) therapy.  Report of a Case.—  An 86-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pruritus and exfoliative rash. She had a three-year history of back and hip pain due to osteoarthritis, which was partially relieved by indomethacin. Other long-term medications included digoxin and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. One month before admission her physician substituted fenoprofen calcium, 300 mg four times daily, for indomethacin. After two weeks of therapy pruritus developed, which resolved after discontinuation of the drug treatment. On her own initiative the patient reinitiated therapy with fenoprofen one week before admission.  Admission physical examination showed an uncomfortable elderly woman with a blood pressure of 110/68 mm Hg; heart rate, 68 beats per minute; and temperature, 37.0 °C. There was an erythematous and exfoliative rash involving the limbs and trunk. There was
Arrhythmia Management in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1—Reply
Authors: Karim Wahbi, Denis Duboc
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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The Clinical Value of Esophageal Motility Tests.
Authors: M. J. Kelley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Clinical Value of Esophageal Motility Tests.M. J. Kelley Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.M. J. Kelley Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-726_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis report is designed to point out the value of intraluminal studies of esophageal motility performed in patients from a general hospital population who presented diagnostic problems of esophageal motor function. The resting and deglutition pressures in the esophagus and its sphincters were detected by a 5 by 5 mm water-filled balloon and 2 laterally notched polyethylene tubes separated by intervals of 5 cm, connected to extracorporeally placed pressure transducers and recorded on a multichannel polygraph. The tubes are easily swallowed and there is no risk in the procedure.Cases will be described delineating the findings in several disorders to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 726-726KeywordsEsophagus Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
India has world's highest number of cervical cancer deaths
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

More women die from cervical cancer in India than in any other country in the world, including China, shows an analysis of data from 50 countries.

The data appear on a crisis card developed by the US based research and advocacy group Cervical Cancer-Free Coalition, which shows that most deaths from cervical cancer occur in the two most populous nations in the world: India and China. Zambia has the highest proportion of deaths from cervical cancer.1

Currently India ranks highest in terms of …
RECONSTITUTION OF HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM WITH AUTOLOGOUS MARROW TAKEN DURING RELAPSE OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA AND GROWN IN LONG-TERM CULTURE
Authors: J. Chang, G. Morgenstern, D. Deakin, N.G. Testa, L. Coutinho, J.H. Scarffe, C. Harrison, T.M. Dexter
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
74 ROLE OF GENETIC ALTERATION IN MTHFR GENE AND HOMO-CYSTEINE LEVELS AS CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING HEV RELATED PREGNANCY OUTCOME
Authors: B. Baruah, P.D. Bose, C. Ray, M. Bose, A. Saikia, M. Deka, S. Bose
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)