tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
nCPAP's functional effects on ciliary function of nasal respiratory epithelium
Authors: J. Ulrich Sommer, Joachim T. Maurer, Karl Hörmann, Boris A. Stuck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard in therapy of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but is associated with numerous side effects often related to the nose and the upper airway. Humidified CPAP may, in-part relieve these symptoms. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects on ciliary function (CF).  M+M  In this prospective, randomized, crossover trial patients with OSA (AHI>20) were included and randomized to one of two treatment arms, nCPAP with or nCPAP without humidification, for a period of eight weeks. At the end of the eight-week period patients were swapped to the alternative treatment arm for a further eight week period. CF (beat frequency [CBF] and mucus transport time [MTT]) were assessed before and one day after the beginning of nocturnal ventilation and again at the end of each treatment arm.  R  The baseline CBF was 4.7±0.6Hz, the MTT 568±185s. Short-term changes without humidification (CBF +0.7±0.8Hz, MTT: -152±158s) and with humidification (CBF +0.7±0.82Hz +92±208s) were not statistically significant. Regarding the long-term effects, CPAP without humidification significantly increased the CF above the baseline level by +2.5±0.4Hz and -167±175s (p  D  Independent of airway humidification, nCPAP has limited effects on short-term ciliary function of the nasal respiratory epithelium that is not statistically significant. However, long-term effects showed a significant increase in ciliary function both in terms of an increased beat frequency and an increase in mucus transport time that has not been described previously. The effect was more pronounced when humidification was used during nCPAP.
Long-term Trends in Tuberculosis
Authors: KAREN TOCQUE, MARK A. BELLIS, CHEUK M. TAM, SHIU L. CHAN, QUTUB SYED, TRACEY REMMINGTON, PETER D. O. DAVIES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The caseload of tuberculosis in developing countries is increasingly associated with the elderly. This is possibly due to increased longevity today and a change in the lifetime risk of tuberculosis within birth cohorts. Published data for tuberculosis notifications for Hong Kong and England and Wales have been used to calculate age-specific rates of disease by different age groups for different birth cohorts. In Hong Kong, each birth cohort showed a similar pattern of disease by age, with rates peaking in the 25 to 39-yr age groups and gradually declining thereafter. After 1978, regardless of age at that time, all age cohorts showed an increase in tuberculosis rates with increasing age. This trend was more marked in males than females. A similar pattern was seen for birth cohorts in England and Wales except that the peak occurred earlier in life (before 25 yr of age) and the decline with age ceased in 1984. Thereafter, rates increased in males born before 1930 but showed only a leveling off in females. If these data represent a true increase in tuberculosis rates, rather than resulting from a change in reporting accuracy and completeness, the burden of tuberculosis in the elderly is likely to continue to increase substantially.
US Department of Veterans Affairs Primary Care Provider Turnover and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: William B. Weeks
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

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Chronic Expanding Hematoma Mimicking Soft Tissue Neoplasm
Authors: Kyoji Okada, Tatsuro Sugiyama, Hirotake Kato, Takayuki Tani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.11.2971 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11387374 Chronic Expanding Hematoma Mimicking Soft Tissue Neoplasm Kyoji OkadaxKyoji OkadaSearch for articles by this author , Tatsuro SugiyamaxTatsuro SugiyamaSearch for articles by this author , Hirotake KatoxHirotake KatoSearch for articles by this author , Takayuki TanixTakayuki TaniSearch for articles by this author Show More Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.11.2971 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Etirinotecan pegol (NKTR-102) versus treatment of physician's choice in women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine (BEACON): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Authors: Edith A Perez, Ahmad Awada, Joyce O'Shaughnessy, Hope S Rugo, Chris Twelves, Seock-Ah Im, Patricia Gómez-Pardo, Lee S Schwartzberg, Veronique Diéras, Denise A Yardley, David A Potter, Audrey Mailliez, Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia, Jin-Seok Ahn, Carol Zhao, Ute Hoch, Mary Tagliaferri, Alison L Hannah, Javier Cortes
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts including molecular subgroup 3 and CD133+ and CD15+ cells are sensitive to killing by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses
Authors: Gregory K. Friedman, Blake P. Moore, Li Nan, Virginia M. Kelly, Tina Etminan, Catherine P. Langford, Hui Xu, Xiaosi Han, James M. Markert, Elizabeth A. Beierle, G. Yancey Gillespie
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Childhood medulloblastoma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies, including surgery, craniospinal radiation, and chemotherapy. Innate therapeutic resistance of some aggressive pediatric medulloblastoma has been attributed to a subpopulation of cells, termed cancer-initiating cells or cancer stemlike cells (CSCs), marked by the surface protein CD133 or CD15. Brain tumors characteristically contain areas of pathophysiologic hypoxia, which has been shown to drive the CSC phenotype leading to heightened invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Novel therapies that target medulloblastoma CSCs are needed to improve outcomes and decrease toxicity. We hypothesized that oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (oHSV) therapy could effectively infect and kill pediatric medulloblastoma cells, including CSCs marked by CD133 or CD15. Using 4 human pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts, including 3 molecular subgroup 3 tumors, which portend worse patient outcomes, we determined the expression of CD133, CD15, and the primary HSV-1 entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Infectability and cytotoxicity of clinically relevant oHSVs (G207 and M002) were determined in vitro and in vivo by FACS, immunofluorescent staining, cytotoxicity assays, and murine survival studies. We demonstrate that hypoxia increased the CD133+ cell fraction, while having the opposite effect on CD15 expression. We established that all 4 xenografts, including the CSCs, expressed CD111 and were highly sensitive to killing by G207 or M002. Pediatric medulloblastoma, including Group 3 tumors, may be an excellent target for oHSV virotherapy, and a clinical trial in medulloblastoma is warranted.
Levels of cytokines and chemokines in BAL fluid in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis and collagen vascular disease associated interstitial pneumonitis
Authors: Taichi Shiobara, Hirokuni Hirata, Yasutsugu Fukushima, Masamitsu Tatewaki, Fumiya Fukushima, Kazuyuki Chibana, Kumiya Sugiyama, Masafumi Arima, Kazuhiro Kurasawa, Takeshi Fukuda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. However, their individual roles in idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP) and in the other types of interstitial pneumonitis (IP), including collagen vascular disease associated interstitial pneumonitis (CVD-IP), remain unknown. BAL fluid levels of IL-1β, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12, -13, -17, G-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1, and TNF-α were measured using a bead suspension array in 8 patients (5 men, 3 women; mean age, 60.0±9.9 years) with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP), 6 patients (3 men, 3 women; mean age, 69.0±4.8 years) with idiopathic usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP), 3 patients (2 men, 1 woman; mean age, 66.3±5.5 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 3 patients (1 man, 2 women; mean age, 52.3±14.5 years) with dermatomyositis (DM) in CVD-IP, as well as in 13 patients (2 men, 11 women; mean age, 51.8±17.2 years) with sarcoidosis, as a disease control. Levels of IL-7 were highest for DM (19.0±6.8 pg/ml), compared with other IPs (9.6±7.8 pg/ml for UIP, 8.6±3.7 pg/ml for NSIP, 7.0±6.9 pg/ml for RA) and sarcoidosis (4.2±2.5 pg/ml). On the other hand, levels of TNF-α were highest for RA (27.8±37.0 pg/ml), compared with other IPs (2.3±1.1 pg/ml in UIP, 1.3±0.8 pg/ml in NSIP, 10.7±9.3 pg/ml in DM) and sarcoidosis (5.9±6.1 pg/ml). Interestingly, levels of IL-17 were detectable only in RA (5.2±5.0 pg/ml). Differences seen in the level of each cytokine and chemokine between patients with IIPs and CVD-IP might reflect the pathogenesis of the IP.
Intraductal carcinoma of the breast: results of treatment with excisional biopsy and irradiation.
Authors: A Recht, B S Danoff, L J Solin, S Schnitt, J Connolly, L Botnick, I Goldberg, R L Goodman, J R Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Between 1976 and 1983, 40 women with intraductal carcinoma of the breast without invasion underwent excisional biopsy and irradiation as an alternative to mastectomy. The median age was 53 years (range, 28 to 77 years) and the median follow-up time since initiation of radiation was 44 months (range, 14 to 97 months). Twenty-seven patients presented with a palpable mass; in 13 patients the tumor was detected only by mammography. A limited axillary dissection was performed in 13 patients, and all lymph nodes removed were negative. Treatment was administered to the breast and adjacent chest wall to a dose of 4,600 to 5,000 rad, with 26 patients also receiving a boost dose of 1,000 to 2,000 rad to the site of the primary. Four patients have developed a recurrence in the treated breast, at 17, 19, 35, and 63 months after the beginning of radiation therapy. The 5-year actuarial rate of local recurrence is 10%. Three of the recurrences were in those four patients who presented with a nipple discharge and a central primary. In two cases, the recurrence consisted of only intraductal carcinoma; in the other two, both intraductal and invasive cancer were found. All four patients with recurrence underwent mastectomy and are well without evidence of distant metastases at 1, 12, 15, and 15 months since mastectomy. Cosmetic results were excellent. No patient has developed distant metastases. Since the number of patients treated is small and the period of follow-up is short, one must be cautious in the interpretation of these results. Nonetheless, the treatment of intraductal carcinoma of the breast by excision and irradiation appears to give acceptable local control and excellent survival when suitable precautions of patient selection and evaluation are taken.
Risk factors and outcome for colistin-resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis bacteraemia in patients without previous colistin exposure
Authors: Y.-C. Wang, Y.-T. Lee, Y.-S. Yang, C.-T. Chen, C.-H. Chiu, T. Yin, S.-C. Kuo, T.-L. Chen, J.-C. Lin, F.-D. Wang, C.-P. Fung, F.-Y. Chang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Abstract 60: The Role of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Pressure Overload Heart Failure
Authors: Bindiya Patel, Mohamed Ismahil, Mehak Goel, Tariq Hamid, Shyam Bansal, Sumanth D Prabhu
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

We previously reported that chronic ischemic HF induced by coronary ligation results in an exacerbated pro-inflammatory cell profile in the systemic circulation, spleen, and failing heart. In addition, this pro-inflammatory cell profile was strongly influenced by the cardiosplenic axis; however, the role of this axis in other etiologies of HF is unknown. Immune cells infiltrate the heart early (1-4 weeks) after pressure-overload injury, but it is unknown whether these cells persist and are of pathological import during chronic pressure-overload HF. We hypothesized that phenotypic changes in mononuclear phagocytes are necessary for the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to chronic HF during sustained pressure-overload, and that inhibition of myocardial immune cell infiltration would ameliorate this progression. Pressure-overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, and in macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MAFIA) Tg mice, which allows ablation of c-fms expressing cells upon administration of the AP20187 dimerizer. Compared to sham mice, TAC mice developed progressive cardiac dysfunction beginning at 2 w with significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced LVEF (59 ± 10 vs 67 ± 3 %), increased left atrial size (2.29 ± 0.1 vs 2.04 ± 0.1 mm), and increased E/E’ Doppler ratio (31.8 ± 6 vs 24.0 ± 3). Circulating CD11b+Lineage- monocytes were elevated in TAC mice at 2 w (1.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.1 %, p&lt;0.05); however, these levels normalized by 8 w. Moreover, at 8 w, no significant differences in the levels of splenic and cardiac mononuclear phagocytes were seen between TAC and sham mice. Systemic ablation of mononuclear phagocytes beginning 2 w after TAC in MAFIA AP20187-treated mice did not rescue cardiac function or delay HF progression compared to TAC MAFIA vehicle-treated mice over the course of 16 w (LVEF 43 ± 18 vs 45 ± 18 %). We conclude that in contrast to chronic ischemic HF, inflammatory cell-mediated cardiac injury does not have primacy in chronic non-ischemic HF induced by pressure-overload. These findings highlight the importance of the index injury in regard to immune cell activation in HF, and suggest that therapeutic immunomodulatory approaches may not be equivalent across the various etiologies of this disease.
MUTISM AND RESISTANCE BEHAVIOR IN PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: CHESTER W. DARROW, ALFRED P. SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

This paper presents a psychiatric and physiologic study of eight groups of patients. Four groups of communicative patients offer confirmation of the difference in physiologic response associated with resistant and nonresistant behavior. In addition we offer data on mute patients where the study of the behavior during the laboratory procedure and in the ward enabled us to differentiate four groups, resistance mutism, resistance mutism with tension or anxiety, mutism associated with passive submissive attitudes, and indifference mutism. The problem of determining the presence of psychologic resistance in the absence of verbal replies has been outlined. Experience has shown that it is possible to gain an impression of the patient's attitude not, however, infallible, from his affective reactions to the examiner. When such observations are evaluated it is believed to be possible to distinguish resistance, passive masochistic submission, and indifference. The resistant mute cases, with overt affect at the time the questions were asked, clearly indicated that these patients were emotionally reacting to our stimuli. The hostile nature of the resistance was evidenced by the character of the overtly manifested affect and the patients' antagonism to the test procedure. The indifferent patients appeared to be wholly out of emotional contact except for isolated instances in which they reacted selectively to certain ideational or some sensory stimuli. It may be inferred that the indifferent patients were either (1) completely absorbed in their own autistic thinking or (2) that the capacity for physiologic response was impaired or (3) that perceptual mechanisms were not functioning. The physiologic study of these four groups of mute patients shows that with the resistant cases there is a predominance of smaller galvanic responses in the presence of definite blood pressure reactions suggestive of neural or humoral inhibition of autonomic responses; with the passive submissive patients there are strong reactions by both the galvanic and blood pressure mechanisms suggestive of uninhibited autonomic response, and with indifference mutism both responses tend to be small, suggestive of diminished autonomic activity.
Effect of time on test on driving simulator performance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS)
Authors: Dipansu Ghosh, Samantha L. Jamson, Paul D. Baxter, Mark W. Elliott
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: A sophisticated office based driving simulator (MiniSim) is being developed to assess driving performance in OSAS. We have shown in a credible way that a failure on the simulator can be accurately predicted from continuously recorded variables. We have now explored the way these variables change over time.

Methods: After a practice run, 72 patients (Age 53±10,ESS 12±6,ODI 39±21) & 17 controls completed 50 minutes motorway driving (7 epochs) on the MiniSim. Two situations were programmed that required evasive action to avoid a crash; minor & major events. A “fail” was defined by an unprovoked crash or crash at the minor event. A crash at the major event was deemed as “indeterminate”, the rest were deemed to have “passed”. Continuous driving parameters including High Frequency Steering (HFS) and lane position (SDLP) for these three categories were plotted against time & data from the controls were added to the plot.

Results: Performance worsens with time in all patients with OSAS but the progression is worse in the subgroup who fail the simulator test.They also perform worse than others from the beginning (p<0.0001 in epoch 1).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: These data suggest that patients who will crash during simulated driving can be identified early in the run, which has implications for the duration of the test. Furthermore the consistency of the abnormalities suggests that these are not chance phenomena.

 [1]: pending:yes
Late-breaking abstract: Time-dependent effect of acute hypoxia on brain excitability in healthy humans
Authors: Samuel Verges, Thomas Rupp, Marc Jubeau, Bernard Wuyam, Stéphane Perrey, Patrick Levy, Guillaume Millet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Some studies have shown altered cortex excitability in hypoxemic patients suffering from COPD or OSAS. Recently, contradictory results regarding the effect of hypoxia (H) on cortex excitability have been reported in healthy subjects, possibly depending on H exposure duration. We evaluated the effects of 1 and 3 hours H on motor cortex excitability, intracortical inhibition and supraspinal voluntary activation (VA) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS to the quadriceps cortex area and femoral nerve electrical stimulations were performed in normoxia and H (FiO 2  = 12%) in 10 healthy subjects. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs at 50-100% maximal voluntary contraction - MVC), recruitment curves (MEPs at 30-100% maximal stimulator power output at 50% MVC), cortical silent periods (CSP) and VA were measured. One hour H did not modify any parameters of brain excitability but reduced VA probably due to the repetition of contractions 1-h apart (98±2% vs. 95±4%; p=0.01). Conversely, 3 h H significantly increased i) MEPs of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) at all force levels ( e.g.  at 50% MVC, RF: +26±35%, VL: +15±24%, VM: +17±15%) and stimulator power outputs ( e.g.  at 70% maximal power, RF: +17±23%, VL: +18±37%, VM: +8±15%), and ii) CSP at all force levels ( e.g.  at 50% MVC, RF: +23±39%, VL: +27±31%, VM: +24±37%) (all p
Mucous membrane pemphigoid with generalized blisters: IgA and IgG autoantibodies target both laminin‐332 and type XVII collagen
Authors: I. Hayashi, S. Shinkuma, S. Shimizu, K. Natsuga, H. Ujiie, C. Yasui, K. Tsuchiya, W. Nishie, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a mucous membrane-dominated, subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease in which autoantibodies usually react with the C-terminal domain of type XVII collagen (COL17) or with laminin-332. Only a few cases of MMP with widespread blisters have been reported. Serologically, IgA and IgG class autoantibodies directed against COL17 or IgG autoantibodies directed against laminin-332 in patients with MMP have been well documented. MMP cases in which IgA reacts with laminin-332, however, are extremely rare. We report a case of MMP in a 67-year-old man. Clinical examination revealed extensive mucosal lesions as well as generalized blisters and erosions that healed with scar formation. The disease was intractable to treatment with systemic steroids. Interestingly, in addition to IgG directed against laminin-332 and the noncollagenous 16A (NC16A) and C-terminal domains of COL17, circulating IgA reacting with laminin-332 and with the NC16A domain of COL17 was also detected. This is the first MMP case with circulating IgA and IgG autoantibodies against both laminin-332 and COL17.
Single amino acid substitution in human platelet glycoprotein Ibβ is responsible for the formation of the platelet-specific alloantigen Iya
Authors: Ulrich J. H. Sachs, Volker Kiefel, Micaela Böhringer, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan, Hartmut Kroll, Sentot Santoso
Journal: Blood (2000)
Patient centred care of diabetes in general practice
Authors: J. Skelton, T. Coleman, C. Hand, A. L. Kinmonth, S. Griffin, A. Woodcock, M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Is there a rationale for rationing chronic dialysis? Two points need clarificationEditor-I agree with Chandna et al that late referral is an important factor in the survival of patients receiving dialysis. 1I am unaware, however, of the source of their information that an NHS consensus statement recommends that nephrology referrals be made at a serum creatinine concentration > 135 mol/l in women and > 180 mol/l in men.The workload generated by this practice would be so enormous that British renal units under present conditions would be unable to cope.I am also concerned that of the authors' 292 patients receiving dialysis, 26 (admittedly high risk) patients spent 44% of their lives in hospital.The costs of inpatient treatment for these high risk patients would be substantially higher than the average cost of £250 a day that the authors quote.
Caspofungin associated with liposomal amphotericin B or voriconazole for treatment of refractory fungal pneumonia in children with acute leukaemia or undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplant
Authors: E. Castagnola, M. Machetti, B. Cappelli, A.C. Molinari, G. Morreale, P. Dodero, P. Tomà, M. Faraci
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)