tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Home versus intensive care ventilators providing noninvasive ventilation (NIV): A clinical comparison during acute respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation
Authors: Marcello Ciuffreda, Antonella Sarni, Mariaelena Mozzillo, Mariagioconda Zotti, Massimo Aiuti, Cesare Alessandri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Different bench test studies were performed to compare the performance characteristics of home and ICU ventilators. However little data in comparison are available in a clinical setting.   Aim:  To compare the clinical effects of NIV delivered by ventilator dedicated to ICU versus devices designed for home care.   Material and method:  We enrolled 30 patients admitted in semi-intensive care unit to ARF due to AECOPD (Baseline pH 7.24±0.04, PaCO2 87,4 mmHg ±16,5 PaO2 70.6 mmHg±18.9, aged 79±7 yrs, RR 36±5 [mean±SD]). Patients were randomized in two groups to receive NIV delivered by an ICU ventilator or three home ventilators. Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences in both groups. Several exclusion criteria were included (i.e.coma, obesity, CWD, Pneumonia,etc.).Pressure support mode (range 17 cmH2O±3) with Peep (range 5 cmH2O ±1) was used. All the devices were equipped with the analysis of flow and pressure curves,with a standard double-tube circuit and the same interface. ABGs were sampled on baseline and after 2 hours.   Results:  NIV was effective in both groups with significant pH and PaCO2 improvement after two hours starting (p=0.01). No statistical differences were found in the two groups in terms of percentage of pH improvement (p=0,206) and PaCO2 decrease (p=0,351). No Causes of NIV failure were found in the first 2 hours.   Conclusion:  These few data, limited to COPD exacerbation, show that home and ICU ventilators are equally effective in improving blood gas exchange. Further clinical studies could help clinicians in choosing the appropriate devices, tailoring the choice to a given patient.
Positive association between the plasma levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the severity of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hanako Oda, Chie Koga, Shinichi Takenaka, Tomotaka Kawayama, Tomoaki Hoshino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:   The role of plasma monoamines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression is unclear.    Objective:   To investigate monoamines in 20 depressed patients with COPD, the plasma concentrations of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured and compared with those in 50 non-depressed COPD patients, and also with 23 age- and gender-matched non-smokers and 13 smokers as non-depressed healthy controls.    Methods:   Diagnosis of depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Plasma concentrations of monoamines were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.    Results:   None of the depressed COPD patients had suicidal ideation. The plasma 5-HIAA level [median, (25% and 75% quartiles)] in depressed COPD patients [6.8 ng/mL, (4.9 and 13.1)] was significantly higher than in non-depressed COPD patients [5.4, (4.2 and 7.5)] (p=0.022) and non-smokers [5.1 (3.8 and 7.2)] (p=0.041), but not smokers [4.7, (4.0 and 6.7)] (p>0.05). The plasma 5-HIAA level (r=0.24, p=0.049) was significantly associated with the severity of depression in patients with COPD. The plasma MHPG level was significantly higher in depressed COPD patients (p=0.043) than in smokers, but was not higher than that in non-depressed COPD patients or non-smokers, although the level of MHPG was not associated with the severity of depression.    Conclusion:   The plasma 5-HIAA level is increased in depressed COPD patients. Plasma monoamines may be a good biomarker for detection of depression in patients with COPD.
Abstract 1562: Proteomic analysis of citrullinated targets regulated by the p53-PADI4 pathway
Authors: Chizu Tanikawa, Koji Ueda, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakamura, Koichi Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We recently reported that p53 regulates protein citrullination through the transcriptional regulation of PADI4 that converts an arginine residue in proteins to a citrulline residue. In response to DNA damage, p53-PADI4 pathway induces citrullination of NPM1, Histone H4, and Lamin C, and subsequently promotes apoptotic pathway. To verify the clinical significance of PADI4 in human carcinogenesis, we screened the mutation of PADI4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and found three non-synonymous mutations among 104 cancer tissues (2.9%). Then we evaluated these three mutations as well as 8 somatic mutations reported by ICGC or COMP projects. We found that 8 among 11 mutations remarkably inhibited the enzymatic activity of PADI4 protein. To identify novel PADI4 substrates, we conducted proteome analysis using HEK293T cells ectopically transfected with wild type or mutant PADI4 expressing plasmid. Among more than 10000 peptides identified by the liquid chromatography MS/MS analysis, 265 peptides (2.2%) were citrullinated in PADI4-introduced cells, while less than 0.4% of total peptides were citrullinated in control or mock transfected cells. Pathway analysis revealed that RNA binding proteins such as hnRNPs are dominantly citrullinated by PADI4, indicating that possible role of protein citrullination in RNA processing. Citation Format: Chizu Tanikawa, Koji Ueda, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakamura, Koichi Matsuda. Proteomic analysis of citrullinated targets regulated by the p53-PADI4 pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1562. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1562
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Li Chen, Xia Zhou, Lucy X. Fan, Ying Yao, Katherine I. Swenson-Fields, Mihaela Gadjeva, Darren P. Wallace, Dorien J.M. Peters, Alan Yu, Jared J. Grantham, Xiaogang Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by renal cyst formation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Macrophages infiltrate cystic kidneys, but the role of these and other inflammatory factors in disease progression are poorly understood. Here, we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an important regulator of cyst growth in ADPKD. MIF was upregulated in cyst-lining epithelial cells in polycystin-1-deficient murine kidneys and accumulated in cyst fluid of human ADPKD kidneys. MIF promoted cystic epithelial cell proliferation by activating ERK, mTOR, and Rb/E2F pathways and by increasing glucose uptake and ATP production, which inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. MIF also regulated cystic renal epithelial cell apoptosis through p53-dependent signaling. In polycystin-1-deficient mice, MIF was required for recruitment and retention of renal macrophages, which promoted cyst expansion, and Mif deletion or pharmacologic inhibition delayed cyst growth in multiple murine ADPKD models. MIF-dependent macrophage recruitment was associated with upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. TNF-α induced MIF expression, and MIF subsequently exacerbated TNF-α expression in renal epithelial cells, suggesting a positive feedback loop between TNF-α and MIF during cyst development. Our study indicates MIF is a central and upstream regulator of ADPKD pathogenesis and provides a rationale for further exploration of MIF as a therapeutic target for ADPKD.
High rate of colistin resistance among patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection accounts for an excess of mortality
Authors: A. Capone, M. Giannella, D. Fortini, A. Giordano, M. Meledandri, M. Ballardini, M. Venditti, E. Bordi, D. Capozzi, M.P. Balice, A. Tarasi, G. Parisi, A. Lappa, A. Carattoli, N. Petrosillo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Fine mapping of the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene replicates the association with asthma in populations of Spanish descent
Authors: Marialbert Acosta-Herrera, Maria Pino-Yanes, Shwu-Fan Ma, Amalia Barreto-Luis, Almudena Corrales, José Cumplido, Eva Pérez-Rodríguez, Paloma Campo, Celeste Eng, José Carlos García-Robaina, Inés Quintela, Jesús Villar, Miguel Blanca, Ángel Carracedo, Teresa Carrillo, Joe G.N. Garcia, Dara G. Torgerson, Esteban G. Burchard, Carlos Flores
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Abstract 200: Beta-Myosin Heavy Chain Induction after Pressure Overload Is in a Minor Sub-population of Myocytes and Requires the Alpha-1A-Adrenergic Receptor
Authors: Javier E Lopez, Bat-Erdene Myagmar, Philip Swigart, Marty Bigos, Manoj Rodrigo, Paul Simpson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Induction of the fetal hypertrophic gene beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) is a signature feature of pressure overload, and is thought to occur in most hypertrophied myocytes. Beta-MHC mRNA is not induced after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in a double knockout (KO) model of the alpha-1A and alpha-1B-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes, but it is unknown whether the A or B or both are required. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that native beta-MHC protein induction is in a sub-population of myocytes and requires only a single alpha-1 subtype. Methods: TAC was done in wild type (WT) and alpha-1 KO male mice ages 12–14 weeks. Beta-MHC protein was measured in isolated adult myocytes by a novel flow cytometry approach, with antibodies validated for beta-MHC and total sarcomeric MHC. Results: In WT mice, the fraction of myocytes expressing beta-MHC was 3% in shams (SE =1, n =4 hearts), and increased to 26% of myocytes at 1–3 weeks after TAC (SE =4, n =8, p&lt; 0.01 vs. sham). Myocytes expressing beta-MHC were predominantly large cells (see Figure ). In alpha-1A KO mice (AKO), beta-MHC was induced in only 6% of myocytes (SE =2, n =3, p&lt;0.05 vs. WT TAC, p =NS vs. sham), or in only 15% as many myocytes as in WT hearts. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR confirmed reduced beta-MHC induction in alpha-1A KO myocytes. Conclusion: Beta-MHC induction after pressure overload is in only a minor sub-population of cardiac myocytes, contrary to common models of fetal hypertrophic gene induction. Furthermore, beta-MHC induction requires a single alpha-1-AR subtype, the alpha-1A, which cannot be compensated by other hypertrophic receptors.
Abstract 13804: Correlation between Electrocardiographic Features and Local Activation Pattern in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat, Anneline S Te Riele, Binu Philips, Cynthia A James, Brittney Murray, Crystal Tichnell, Abhishek C Sawant, Hugh Calkins, Harikrishna Tandri
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Depolarization abnormalities in the terminal portion of the QRS are frequently seen in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). The purpose of this study was to correlate the electroanatomic activation pattern of the RV endocardium and epicardium to the surface ECG. Methods: Thirty consecutive ARVD/C patients (Mean age 33.1 +/- 11.2 years, 16 (53%) men) underwent detailed endocardial and epicardial electroanatomical mapping (EAM). Local sinus rhythm activation was annotated at the sharpest intrinsic deflection of the bipolar electrogram, including late potentials. ECG features were classified into 5 major patterns; 1. Normal QRS (12 patients) 2. Epsilon wave (5 patients) 3. Incomplete RBBB (5 patients) 4. Atypical complete RBBB (6 patients) and 5. Prolonged terminal activation duration (TAD) (2 patients) Results: The earliest endocardial and epicardial RV activation occurred on the mid anteroseptal wall on all ECG patterns. Figure 1 represented activation area (purple) after the QRS or during the delayed depolarization phase. Nearly all endocardial and epicardial RV was activated well within the QRS duration in patients with normal QRS but was activated during R’ in patients with CRBBB. The delayed activation during Epsilon wave consistently occurred in basal anterior wall and basal angle of RV. In patients with TAD, the activation of RVOT and basal angle RV represented slurred S wave. Conclusion: ECG features in ARVD/C are correlated with late activation in specific regions of RV and total endocardial activation time. The delay activation of basal anterior wall and basal angle of RV represents the Epsilon wave in the right precordial ECG.
Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Frédéric Sacher, Kurt Roberts-Thomson, Philippe Maury, Usha Tedrow, Isabelle Nault, Daniel Steven, Meleze Hocini, Bruce Koplan, Lionel Leroux, Nicolas Derval, Jens Seiler, Matthew J. Wright, Laurence Epstein, Michel Haissaguerre, Pierre Jais, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Higher convection volume exchange with online hemodiafiltration is associated with survival advantage for dialysis patients: the effect of adjustment for body size
Authors: Andrew Davenport, Sanne A.E. Peters, Michiel L. Bots, Bernard Canaud, Muriel P.C. Grooteman, Gulay Asci, Francesco Locatelli, Francisco Maduell, Marion Morena, Menso J. Nubé, Ercan Ok, Ferran Torres, Mark Woodward, Peter J. Blankestijn
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Abbreviated Infusion of Eptifibatide After Successful Coronary Intervention
Authors: Anthony Y. Fung, Jacqueline Saw, Andrew Starovoytov, Cameron Densem, Percy Jokhi, Simon J. Walsh, Rebecca S. Fox, Karin H. Humphries, Eve Aymong, Donald R. Ricci, John G. Webb, Jaap N. Hamburger, Ronald G. Carere, Christopher E. Buller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Value of CACS Compared With ETT and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for Predicting Long-Term Cardiac Outcome in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Patients at Low Risk for Coronary Disease
Authors: Su Min Chang, Faisal Nabi, Jiaqiong Xu, Craig M Pratt, Angela C Mahmarian, Maria E Frias, John J Mahmarian
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
The effect of mitotic checkpoint defects on chromosome stability in mammals
Authors: Robert Benezra, Loren Michel, Rocio Sotillo, Eva Hernando, Elena Diaz-Rodriguez, Scott Lowe, Carlos Cordon-Cardo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

SY23-4 

Our group has been studying the consequence of mitotic checkpoint defects on the acquisition of aneuploidy and tumor initiation in mammals. The mitotic checkpoint apparatus monitors faithful attachment of the mitotic spindle to kinetochores and blocks the metaphase-to-anaphase transition if failures occur. Reduced expression of one component of the mitotic checkpoint apparatus, Mad2, leads to an increase in chromosome instability which can be traced to the premature liberation of separase, a protease which cleaves the cohesin protein which bind sister chromatids together. In mice, such chromosome instability has been shown to lead to lung adenocarcinomas with long latencies. Human tumors with reduced Mad2 expression have been reported, consistent with Mad2 being a bona fide tumor suppressor gene. Complete loss of Mad2 expression in human carcinoma cells and primary cells in culture leads to rapid cell death due to premature degradation of cyclin B and failures in mitotic spindle assembly. Thus complete Mad2 loss of function both acutely challenges the mitotic checkpoint (by prevent kinetochore attachment) and incapacitates it thereby leading to mitotic catastrophe. Mad2 is the first example therefore of a tumor suppressor gene which is essential for somatic cell viability. Recent experiments also indicate that overexpression of Mad2 in tumor cells, as a consequence of Rb loss and E2F activation, can also lead to the acquisition of aneuploidy by delaying the separation of sister chromatids as cells attempt to escape the mitotic block imposed by Mad2 overexpression. Preliminary analysis of animals overexpressing a Mad2 transgene will also be discussed.
Prenatal Exposure to Phthalate Esters and Behavioral Syndromes in Children at 8 Years of Age: Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study
Authors: Yin-Ju Lien, Hsiu-Ying Ku, Pen-Hua Su, Suh-Jen Chen, Hsiao-Yen Chen, Pao-Chi Liao, Wei-J. Chen, Shu-Li Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Few studies have shown an association between prenatal phthalate exposure and adverse effects on neurodevelopment and behavior in young children.Objectives: We aimed to assess the relationship between prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and behavior syndromes in children at 8 years of age.Methods: A total of 122 mother–child pairs from the general population in central Taiwan were studied from 2000 to 2009. Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and three di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites—mono-2-ethylhexyl, mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl, and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalates (MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP)—were measured in maternal urine collected during the third trimester of pregnancy using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Behavioral syndromes of children at 8 years of age were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Associations between log10-transformed creatinine-corrected phthalate concentrations and standardized scores of the CBCL were estimated using linear regression models or multinomial logistic regressions with adjustments for potential confounders.Results: Externalizing problem scores were significantly higher in association with a 1-unit increase in log10-transformed creatinine-corrected concentrations of maternal MBP (β = 4.29; 95% CI: 0.59, 7.99), MEOHP (β = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.33, 6.15), and MEHP (β = 4.28 ; 95% CI: 0.03, 8.26) after adjusting for the child’s sex, intelligence, and family income. Meanwhile, MBP and MEOHP were significantly associated with Delinquent Behavior and Aggressive Behavior scores. The same pattern was found for borderline and/or clinical ranges.Conclusions: Our findings suggest positive associations between maternal DEHP and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exposure and externalizing domain behavior problems in 8-year-old children.Citation: Lien YJ, Ku HY, Su PH, Chen SJ, Chen HY, Liao PC, Chen WJ, Wang SL. 2015. Prenatal exposure to phthalate esters and behavioral syndromes in children at 8 years of age: Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study. Environ Health Perspect 123:95–100; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307154
Postoperative pulmonary complications are associated to higher ICU cost
Authors: Bruna Peruzzo Rotta, Janete Maria da Silva, Caue Padovani, Leda Tomiko Yamada da Silveira, Jose Marcelo Mafra, Carolina Fu, Clarice Tanaka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : Surgical procedures in abdominal area promote changes in pulmonary function leading to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) may have higher incidence of PPCs which has been associated to higher hospitalization and costs.

Objective : To estimate and compare intensive care unit (ICU) costs of patients submitted to abdominal surgery which presented PPCs (considered as ventilator associated pneumonia or nosocomial pneumonia) or not.

Method : A transversal, cohort study was conducted in a public tertiary-teaching hospital, included 107 patients submitted to abdominal surgery, aged ≥18 years old, admitted to ICU due postoperative routine, whose underwent ≥24 hours of IMV. ICU costs were determined by Omega Score (OS). It comprises 47 diagnostic and therapeutic items pointed from 1 to 10, divided into three categories. Total OS is obtained by adding all points on the last day of the ICU. Costs in Euros (€) was calculated based on Sznajder and cols (1998) equation. All data were collected from patients records.

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Results : The most often PPC was nosocomial pneumonia (57%). PPCs were presented by younger patients (p<0.001). Patients with PPCs had higher OS (p<0.001) and higher median direct costs (€167,995 vs €45,644; p<0.001).

Conclusion : Patients submitted to abdominal surgery which developed PPC, presented higher cost in the ICU.
Childhood-onset schizophrenia: brain MRI rescan after 2 years of clozapine maintenance treatment
Authors: Jean A. Frazier, Jay N. Giedd, Debra Kaysen, Kathleen Albus, Susan Hamburger, Javad Alaghband-Rad, Marge C. Lenane, Kathleen McKenna, Alan Breier, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The effect of clozapine on striatal morphology was examined in adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia.Eight adolescent patients with onset of psychosis before age 12 and eight matched comparison subjects had initial and 2-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Basal ganglia and lateral ventricle volumes were measured. The patients were on a clozapine regimen during the 2-year interim.Caudate volume was larger in the patients at the initial scanning, decreased in the patients between scans, and did not differ significantly between the patients and the comparison subjects at the second scanning.Caudate enlargement in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia who are taking typical neuroleptics appears to be secondary to medication exposure. Rescanning to examine basal ganglia morphology is indicated for these patients when they are taking an atypical neuroleptic.
Patients’ views of nurse prescribing: effects on care, concordance and medicine taking
Authors: M. Courtenay, N. Carey, K. Stenner, S. Lawton, J. Peters
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Skin disease can have a huge impact on quality of life for patients and their families. Nurses have an important role in the delivery of specialist dermatology services, and prescribing enhances the care they provide. The views of dermatology patients about nurse prescribing are unknown.To explore the views of dermatology patients about nurse prescribing, and its impact on medicines management and concordance.Semistructured interviews were undertaken with a consecutive sample of 42 patients with acne, psoriasis or eczema who attended the clinics of seven dermatology specialist nurse prescribers. Primary and secondary care clinics were included to reflect settings in which nurses typically prescribe for patients within specialist dermatology services in England. Interviews addressed the effects of nurse prescribing on care, the patient's medicine regimen, involvement in treatment decisions and concordance, and influences on medicine taking.Patients believed that nurse prescribing improved access to, and efficiency of, dermatology services. Great value was placed on telephone contact with nurses, and local access. Information exchange and involvement in treatment decisions ensured that treatment plans were appropriate and motivated adherence. Nurses' specialist knowledge, interactive and caring consultation style, and continuity of care improved confidence in the nurse and treatment concordance.Nurse prescribing can increase the efficiency of dermatology services. Patients experienced active involvement in decisions about their treatment which in turn contributed to concordance and adherence to treatment regimens. This study has important implications for maximizing resource use and improving access to and quality of care in dermatology specialist services.
National guidelines exist
Authors: D. Ellender, P. Waller, S. Wood, M. Rawlins, M. Langman, D. Salisbury, E. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Philip Rice and colleagues draw attention to the problem of severe chickenpox during treatment with corticosteroids and the need for effective preventive measures.1 We have addressed this issue in several ways. The authors proposed recommendations to reduce the risk of further cases. National guidelines regarding the management of such patients were published in February 1994 in a bulletin sent to all British doctors and …