tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contempo 1997: Economics
Authors: Keith Dveirin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As physicians who belong to the clinic and union discussed by Dr Reinhardt<sup>1</sup>in his Contempo article on economics, we feel compelled to respond. We very much disagree with his economic and moral perspectives on the sale of our clinic and the appropriateness of our physicians' union. Reinhardt purports that the physicians who sold their clinic have violated Wall Street's "code of honor" by unionizing to fight proposed changes affecting patient care. By standing up for the rights of their patients, the physicians are not living up to their "moral obligation" to the acquiring company. Reinhardt somehow believes that the physicians have an obligation to the company (which, if anything, is an economic obligation, not a moral one) that eclipses the responsibility to their patients, which is the first priority of the physician and is inherent in the physicianpatient relationship. This is an erroneous assumption. Amazingly, Reinhardt also believes
Aetiology of ulcerative colitis. II. A new hypothesis.
Authors: P R Burch, F T de Dombal, G Watkinson
Journal: Gut (1969)

None of the hypotheses reviewed in our previous paper tackled the pathogenetic issues posed by the sex and age distributions of ulcerative colitis.In this paper we show that the age patterns of seven large clinical series, from three different continents, display some remarkably consistent features.From a detailed analysis of the epidemiological statistics, and from clinical, genetic, and serological evidence, we are able to put forward a new aetiological theory.We shall argue that ulcerative colitis develops only in those people who have a genetic predisposition to the disease.Evans and Acheson (1965) have previously distinguished between earlyand late-onset cases, and our studies, both of the age distributions, and of the clinical course of the disease in early-and late-onset patients, confirm the idea that at least two distinctive groups are predisposed.Given the diathesis, the initiation of ulcerative colitis appears to depend on random intrinsic events, of which the average rate of occurrence is effectively invariant at different times and in widely separated environments.Following Burnet (1959, 1965), we suggest these intrinsic random events correspond to somatic gene mutations in mesen- chymal stem cells.Ulcerative colitis appears to belong to the general class of disease widely known as 'disturbed-tolerance autoimmunity'.However, many reasons can be adduced for rejecting the notion that immunoglobulin autoantibodies con- stitute the primary causal agents in idiopathic 'autoimmunity' (Fahey and Goodman, 1964; Samloff and Barnett, 1965; Bernier and Hines, 1967; Burch, Rowell, and Burwell, 1968).From our serological findings (de Dombal, 1967a, b), we conclude that if the primary 'autoantibodies' are
Left Ventricular Oxygen Consumption, Blood Flow, and Performance in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: MARTIN J. FRANK, GILBERT E. LEVINSON, HARPER K. HELLEMS, Harold Stevelman, Angelo J. Migliori
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The restriction imposed by mitral stenosis on the cardiac output response to exercise provides a unique opportunity in man to evaluate determinants of coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, since one or several variables may be limited. Coronary and systemic hemodynamic patterns were therefore evaluated in 12 patients with mitral stenosis and compared with normal subjects. While cardiac output and left ventricular work were lower than normal at rest, coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption did not differ from normal. During exercise, despite subnormal cardiac output and left ventricular work responses, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption increased normally in the group of patients in whom arterial pressure rose. However, coronary flow fell in four patients who experienced exertional hypotension, while myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced or unchanged. In both groups, myocardial oxygen extraction was above normal at rest and rose further during exercise. Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption followed alterations in the pressure-time index, but the excessive heart rate response to exercise resulted in a greater oxygen expenditure per unit of tension developed per beat than that found in normal subjects. It is concluded that the primary determinant of coronary blood flow in mitral stenosis is the arterial perfusion pressure while myocardial oxygen consumption is primarily dependent on the pressure-time index. In addition, heart rates inappropriately high for a given state result in energy expenditures above that required for maintenance of pressure and cardiac output.
Cervical Venous Hums in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Daniel T. Danahy, James A. Ronan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE cervical venous hum has long been recognized as a common benign auscultatory finding, particularly in children and young adults.1 2 3 4 Although it is often a prominent finding in hyperdynamic circulatory states, such as thyrotoxicosis and anemia, previous studies have indicated that one quarter to one half of a normal adult population may have venous hums.5 6 7 When the cervical venous hum is very loud, it may radiate to the upper thorax and may be confused with murmurs of aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus, or arteriovenous fistulas.2 3 4 , 6 , 7 We have observed that cervical venous hums are often very prominent in patients on chronic . . .
Effect of Reserpine in Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: HERMES A. KONTOS, ALBERT J. WASSERMAN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The responses of the blood vessels of the hand to intra-arterial infusion of tyramine and to application of ice to the forehead were examined in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and in normal subjects. The vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine and to ice were not significantly different in the patients and control subjects. Following intra-arterial administration of reserpine the vasoconstrictor response to tyramine was unaffected, while that in response to ice was significantly reduced to a comparable extent in both the patients and the control subjects. Catecholamine concentrations in brachial arterial and hand venous plasma were not significantly different in the patients and in the control subjects. Following oral administration of reserpine (1 mg/day) the vasoconstrictor responses to intra-arterial tyramine and to the application of ice were markedly reduced in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. In response to this form of treatment eight of the nine patients followed for 1 to 3 years showed improvement characterized by decreased frequency and severity of vasospastic attacks and by healing of ulcerations. In two patients the improvement was temporary despite continued reserpine therapy.
Late Systolic Click Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Never has an illusion of innocence been so thoroughly shattered as in the case of the late systolic murmur with a systolic click. Taught for years that this auscultatory finding is innocent, we would rarely inform the patient about it, and, if we did, we would hasten to reassure him, or more often her, about its lack of importance. A decided change in attitude occurred after Barlow et al<sup>1</sup>(1963) and others had established the association of the murmur and click with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (Barlow syndrome). Not only do we inform patients about this syndrome, but we also tell them of its implications, particularly of the need for antibiotic prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis when dental extraction or other surgical procedures are contemplated. It is now well recognized that idiopathic prolapse of the mitral valve is frequently associated with anxiety, chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, lightheadedness, cardiac arrhythmias, electrocardiographic
Pretreatment Quality of Life Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yingwei Qi, Steven E. Schild, Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Angelina D. Tan, James E. Krook, Kendrith M. Rowland, Yolanda I. Garces, Gamini S. Soori, Alex A. Adjei, Jeff A. Sloan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
H-V Interval Prolongation
Authors: BRENDAN PHIBBS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983H-V Interval ProlongationBRENDAN PHIBBS, M.D.BRENDAN PHIBBS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-414_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Your admirable annotated bibliography of cardiovascular disease (1) in the May issue is marred by one serious misquotation. Reference 87, under the subheading of electrophysiology, cites the paper by Altschuler and associates (2) on the significance of isolated H-V (interval) prolongation in symptomatic patients without proven heart block. Your reviewer states, "Patients with central nervous system symptoms and H-V intervals > 60 ms were at high risk of early sudden death or progression to high-grade heart block. Mortality and morbidity were significantly reduced by pacemaker implantation." This statement is a serious misrepresentation of a very interesting study....References1. . Cardiovascular diseases: an annotated bibliography of recent literature: references to journal articles and other papers. Ann Intern Med. 1983;198 (5pt 1): 679-85. Google Scholar2. ALTSCHULERFISHERFURMAN HJS. Significance of isolated H-V interval prolongation in symptomatic patients without documented heart block. Am Heart J. 1979;79;19-26. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. MCANULTYMURPHYRAHIMTOOLA JES. A prospective evaluation of intrahisian conduction delay. Circulation. 1979. 59:5, pp. 1035-39. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DHINGRAPALILEOSTRASBERG REB. Significance of the HV interval in 517 patients with chronic bifascicular block. Circulation. 1981;64:1265-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MCANULTYRAHIMTOOLAMURPHY JSE. Natural history of "high risk" bundle-branch block: final report of a prospective study. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:137-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kino Community Hospital 280 E. Ajo Way; Tucson, AZ 85713 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 414-414KeywordsCardiac electrophysiologyCardiovascular diseasesCentral nervous systemHeartMorbidityMortalityPacemakers Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
The value of lung cancer detection by six-monthly chest radiographs
Authors: G. Z. Brett
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Results are reported of a prospective study, carried out by the Mass Radiography Service of the North-West Metropolitan Region for the purpose of evaluating early lung cancer detection by six-monthly chest radiographs. The lung cancer experience of a test group of 29,723 men aged 40 and over who were offered six-monthly chest radiographs over a period of three years is compared with a similarly constituted control group of 25,311 men who were radiographed only at the beginning and the end of the study. In the test group 29,416 men (98·9%) and in the control group 25,044 men (99%) were followed up. The methods employed to achieve this result are analysed. The six-monthly surveys of the test group yielded 65 cases of lung cancer, giving an annual incidence and detection rate of 0·9 per thousand examined. Of these cases 65% were resected. Of all cases of lung cancer in the test group, irrespective of their source of detection, 43·6% were operable, compared with 29% in the control group. The difference (P=0·03) is statistically significant. The annual mortality rate from lung cancer based on 62 deaths in the test group and 59 deaths in the control was 0·7 and 0·8 per thousand respectively. The conclusions are reached that since early detection by six-monthly chest radiographs has not significantly reduced the mortality from lung cancer in a population at risk, a policy of such large-scale surveys of men in the cancer age would not seem justified, but that the increased discovery of resectable lung cancer by this method forms a reasonable basis for encouraging individuals in high-risk groups to make regular use of existing mass radiography facilities.
Kidney Disease Mystery Solved?
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

A devastating kidney disease found in certain areas of Balkan countries may be caused by contaminated grain, report Croatian and US researchers (Grollman AP et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701248104 [published online ahead of print July 9, 2007]).
PD-1 identifies the patient-specific CD8+ tumor-reactive repertoire infiltrating human tumors
Authors: Alena Gros, Paul F. Robbins, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Simon Turcotte, Eric Tran, John R. Wunderlich, Arnold Mixon, Shawn Farid, Mark E. Dudley, Ken-ichi Hanada, Jorge R. Almeida, Sam Darko, Daniel C. Douek, James C. Yang, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate regression of metastatic melanoma; however, TILs are a heterogeneous population, and there are no effective markers to specifically identify and select the repertoire of tumor-reactive and mutation-specific CD8+ lymphocytes. The lack of biomarkers limits the ability to study these cells and develop strategies to enhance clinical efficacy and extend this therapy to other malignancies. Here, we evaluated unique phenotypic traits of CD8+ TILs and TCR β chain (TCRβ) clonotypic frequency in melanoma tumors to identify patient-specific repertoires of tumor-reactive CD8+ lymphocytes. In all 6 tumors studied, expression of the inhibitory receptors programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; also known as CD279), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3; also known as CD223), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) on CD8+ TILs identified the autologous tumor-reactive repertoire, including mutated neoantigen-specific CD8+ lymphocytes, whereas only a fraction of the tumor-reactive population expressed the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (also known as CD137). TCRβ deep sequencing revealed oligoclonal expansion of specific TCRβ clonotypes in CD8+PD-1+ compared with CD8+PD-1– TIL populations. Furthermore, the most highly expanded TCRβ clonotypes in the CD8+ and the CD8+PD-1+ populations recognized the autologous tumor and included clonotypes targeting mutated antigens. Thus, in addition to the well-documented negative regulatory role of PD-1 in T cells, our findings demonstrate that PD-1 expression on CD8+ TILs also accurately identifies the repertoire of clonally expanded tumor-reactive cells and reveal a dual importance of PD-1 expression in the tumor microenvironment.
International survey on the diagnosis and management of gout
Authors: M Doherty, T Bardin, E Pascual
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

This study failed to demonstrate an association of TNFR2 T676G polymorphism with pSS.These results, together with the lack of efficacy of infliximab in pSS 7 rather suggest a poor involvement of the TNF/TNF receptor system in the susceptibility to pSS.To date, among rheumatic diseases, TNFR2 T676G polymorphism association with lupus led to conflicting results. 4 6 8 9A recent case-control study performed in an Asian population of patients also failed to demonstrate any association of TNFR2 T676G polymorphism with SLE. 10 However, this study also provided a metaanalysis of seven case-control studies in eight different ethnic populations.Stratification by ethnicity revealed a significant association among Asians while the effect of TNFR2 T676G polymorphism on SLE was not significant in two case-control studies involving Caucasians (OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.68 to 1.45; p = 0.96).Thus, as observed among Caucasian SLE patients, our study provides evidence suggesting that TNFR2 T676G polymorphism is not involved in the genetic predisposition to pSS in French Caucasian patients.
Effects of glucose on sorbitol pathway activation, cellular redox, and metabolism of myo-inositol, phosphoinositide, and diacylglycerol in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
Authors: T P Thomas, F Porcellati, K Kato, M J Stevens, W R Sherman, D A Greene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Sorbitol (aldose reductase) pathway flux in diabetes perturbs intracellular metabolism by two putative mechanisms: reciprocal osmoregulatory depletion of other organic osmolytes e.g., myo-inositol, and alterations in NADPH/NADP+ and/or NADH/NAD+. The "osmolyte" and "redox" hypotheses predict secondary elevations in CDP-diglyceride, the rate-limiting precursor for phosphatidylinositol synthesis, but through different mechanisms: the "osmolyte" hypothesis via depletion of intracellular myo-inositol (the cosubstrate for phosphatidylinositol-synthase) and the "redox" hypothesis through enhanced de novo synthesis from triose phosphates. The osmolyte hypothesis predicts diminished phosphoinositide-derived arachidonyl-diacylglycerol, while the redox hypothesis predicts increased total diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. In high aldose reductase expressing retinal pigment epithelial cells, glucose-induced, aldose reductase inhibitor-sensitive CDP-diglyceride accumulation and inhibition of 32P-incorporation into phosphatidylinositol paralleled myo-inositol depletion (but not cytoplasmic redox, that was unaffected by glucose) and depletion of arachidonyl-diacylglycerol. 3 mM pyruvate added to the culture medium left cellular redox unaltered, but stimulated Na(+)-dependent myo-inositol uptake, accumulation, and incorporation into phosphatidylinositol. These results favor myo-inositol depletion rather than altered redox as the primary cause of glucose-induced aldose reductase-related defects in phospholipid metabolism in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells.
The Complexity of Structures Involved in T-Cell Activation
Authors: Joel W. Goodman, Eli E. Sercarz
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1983)

Whereas the discussion of epitope-antigen structure relating to B cells would not be very different from a similar consideration a decade ago, the nature of T-cell recognition and activation by  encompasses a completely altered area of concern. Within the past 10 years, concepts of restriction to major histocompatibility-complex MHC molecules and in­ volvement of T cells in idiotypic interactions have revolutionized the view of the  that activates the T cells. In this article we use a special definition for the term antigen structure, which includes all elements shown to be recognized by the diversity ofT-cell subpopulations: epitopes (from the nominal antigen), idiotopes (on secreted Ig or on other cell surfaces), and at least two types of MHC determinants, which will be defined later. We do not undertake a review of the basis and evidence for MHC restric­ tion, or T-cell idiotypic interactions: earlier excellent reviews on the former (57, 139, 148, 186) and latter (47,82,83, 175) exist, together with several in the present volume. Our focus is confined to current information describ­ ing the complexity of structures involved in T-cell activation.
Evaluation des performances diagnostiques du scanner multidétecteurs (64 coupes) pour le diagnostic d'ischémie pariétale chez les patients présentant une occlusion du grêle
Authors: Y Geffroy, I Boulay-Coletta, MC Jullès, J Loriau, F Maille, M Zins
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer les performances diagnostiques du scanner multidétecteurs (MDCT) 64 coupes pour le diagnostic d'ischémie digestive chez les patients présentant une occlusion du grêle, en utilisant les constatations chirurgicales et les données anatomopathologiques comme standard de référence.
Abstract 1228: Resistance to discodermolide, a microtubule stabilizing agent and senescence inducer, is 4E-BP1 dependent
Authors: Suzan K. Chao, Juan Lin, Jurriaan Brouwer-Visser, Hayley M. McDaid, Susan B. Horwitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Discodermolide is a microtubule stabilizing agent that induces accelerated cell senescence. A discodermolide-resistant cell line, AD32, was generated from the human lung cancer cell line A549. We hypothesize that the major resistance mechanism in these cells is escape from accelerated senescence. AD32 cells have decreased levels of 4E-BP1 mRNA and protein, relative to the parental discodermolide-sensitive A549 cells. Lentiviral-mediated re-expression of wild type 4E-BP1 in AD32 cells increased the proliferation rate and reverted resistance to discodermolide via restoration of discodermolide-induced accelerated senescence. Consistent with this, cell growth and response to discodermolide was confirmed in vivo using tumor xenograft models. Furthermore, re-introduction of a non-phosphorylatable mutant (Thr 37/46 Ala) of 4E-BP1 was able to partially restore sensitivity and enhance proliferation in AD32 cells, suggesting that these effects are independent of phosphorylation by mTORC1. Microarray profiling of AD32 resistant cells versus sensitive A549 cells, and subsequent unbiased gene ontology analysis, identified molecular pathways and functional groupings of differentially expressed mRNAs implicated in overcoming discodermolide-induced senescence. The most-statistically significant classes of differentially expressed genes included p53 signaling, G2/M checkpoint regulation and genes involved in the role of BRCA1 in the DNA damage response. Consistent with this, p53 protein expression was up-regulated and had increased nuclear localization in AD32 cells relative to parental A549 cells. Furthermore, the stability of p53 was enhanced in AD32 cells. Our studies propose a role for 4E-BP1 as a regulator of discodermolide-induced accelerated senescence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1228
ACUTE GLAUCOMA DEVELOPING IN A CATARACTOUS EYE, AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION IN OTHER EYE. IRIDECTOMY AND CURE.
Authors: H. N. RAFFERTY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Among the more serious affections of the eye, there is not one which demands such prompt and proper attention as that known as acute glaucoma, or the so-called green cataract of the early writers. And while it is the usual and every-day facts and phases of a subject which should demand our most considerate attention, yet it is likewise true that we should be cognizant of the unusual and atypical, in order that our mission may be best fulfilled. Such is the excuse for that which is to follow. Glaucoma is said to be secondary when it occurs as a result of some previously existing disease of the eye; and complicating, when it occurs in the presence of another eye affection, but without apparent etiologic relation to the same. The case in point probably belongs to the latter class, though the distinction is largely a matter of individual opinion. Exclusive