tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hyperinflation and Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Benjamin M. Smith, Steven M. Kawut, David A. Bluemke, Robert C. Basner, Antoinette S. Gomes, Eric Hoffman, Ravi Kalhan, João A.C. Lima, Chia-Ying Liu, Erin D. Michos, Martin R. Prince, LeRoy Rabbani, Daniel Rabinowitz, Daichi Shimbo, Steven Shea, R. Graham Barr
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Left ventricular (LV) mass is an important predictor of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, yet determinants of LV mass are incompletely understood. Pulmonary hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may contribute to changes in intrathoracic pressure that increase LV wall stress. We therefore hypothesized that residual lung volume in COPD would be associated with greater LV mass. Methods and Results— The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study recruited smokers 50 to 79 years of age who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease. LV mass was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance. Pulmonary function testing was performed according to guidelines. Regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, body size, blood pressure, and other cardiac risk factors. Among 119 MESA COPD Study participants, the mean age was 69±6 years, 55% were male, and 65% had COPD, mostly of mild or moderate severity. Mean LV mass was 128±34 g. Residual lung volume was independently associated with greater LV mass (7.2 g per 1-SD increase in residual volume; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–12; P =0.004) and was similar in magnitude to that of systolic blood pressure (7.6 g per 1-SD increase in systolic blood pressure; 95% confidence interval, 4.3–11; P &lt;0.001). Similar results were observed for the ratio of LV mass to end-diastolic volume ( P =0.02) and with hyperinflation measured as residual volume to total lung capacity ratio ( P =0.009). Conclusions— Pulmonary hyperinflation, as measured by residual lung volume or residual lung volume to total lung capacity ratio, is associated with greater LV mass.
Health effects of radiation and other health problems in the aftermath of nuclear accidents, with an emphasis on Fukushima
Authors: Arifumi Hasegawa, Koichi Tanigawa, Akira Ohtsuru, Hirooki Yabe, Masaharu Maeda, Jun Shigemura, Tetsuya Ohira, Takako Tominaga, Makoto Akashi, Nobuyuki Hirohashi, Tetsuo Ishikawa, Kenji Kamiya, Kenji Shibuya, Shunichi Yamashita, Rethy K Chhem
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Synthesis of PNA-Alkylator conjugates to target the HER-2/neu promoter
Authors: Zhanna V. Zhilina, Amy J. Ziemba, Lenka Stankova, Meghan C. Boros, Peter E. Nielsen, Scot W. Ebbinghaus
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3949  Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are promising tools for gene regulation. In order to optimize PNA binding to the HER-2/neu promoter, a series of PNAs were designed to target a polypurine tract (PPT) by triplex formation and strand invasion. A pyrimidine-rich 9-mer PNA with mirror symmetry was able to form a PNA:DNA:DNA triple helix and a PNA:DNA:PNA strand invasion complex with the purine strand of the HER-2/neu HER-2 PPT, and was used as a model PNA for conjugation to a nitrogen mustard in an attempt to improve PNA binding and stabilize the PNA:DNA complexes. Phenylacetate mustard (PAM) was conjugated to the alpha amino group at the N-terminus of the PNA while chlorambucil (CHL) was conjugated to the epsilon amino group of a lysine at the C-terminus of the PNA by amide bond formation. DNA binding by the PNA-nitrogen mustard conjugates was thoroughly characterized and compared to mono- and bis-PNAs targeting the same sequence. Piperidine cleavage experiments demonstrated that the PNA directed the formation of covalent adducts with guanines adjacent to the triple helix. By analyzing the formation of these adducts over time, we deduced that the PNA bound first by Hoogsteen bond formation to form a PNA:DNA:DNA triplex structure and was later converted to a PNA:DNA:PNA triple helix by strand invasion and Watson-Crick base pairing by a second PNA molecule. Gel shift analysis demonstrated that conjugation to a nitrogen mustard slowed the rate of mono-PNA binding and favored the formation of a PNA:DNA:DNA triple helix. In contrast, conjugating the mono-PNA to a fluorescent dye or linking two mono-PNAs together in an 18-mer bis-PNA increased the rate of strand invasion in solution, and pseudoisocytosine substitutions in one of the bis-PNA arms facilitated DNA binding at neutral pH. The ability of the PNAs to prevent HER-2/neu transcription was evaluated by transient transfection of a plasmid bound by the PNA. The PNA-PAM conjugate was able to suppress HER-2/neu expression by more than 60% for 72 hours and was a more effective and stable inhibitor of HER-2/neu transcription than mono- or bis-PNAs without a nitrogen mustard. Delivery of PNAs to cultured cells remains a significant barrier to binding to in situ genomic targets, and our attempts to deliver the PNAs by conjugation to a cell penetrating peptide demonstrated significant cytoplasmic sequestration. Nonetheless, we conclude that PNA-nitrogen mustard conjugates improve the ability of PNAs that target DNA to suppress target gene expression probably by stabilizing PNA binding under intracellular conditions, even though the nitrogen mustard slows the rate of PNA invasion complex formation. The combination of a bis-PNA to improve PNA strand invasion and a nitrogen mustard conjugate to stabilize binding by the Hoogsteen strand may represent an even more effective strategy for controlling gene transcription.
Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Trauma Patients
Authors: Bellal Joseph, Mazhar Khalil, Bardiya Zangbar, Narong Kulvatunyou, Tahereh Orouji, Viraj Pandit, Terence O’Keeffe, Andrew Tang, Lynn Gries, Randall S. Friese, Peter Rhee, James W. Davis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Domestic violence is an extremely underreported crime and a growing social problem in the United States. However, the true burden of the problem remains unknown.To assess the reported prevalence of domestic violence among trauma patients.A 6-year (2007-2012) retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained National Trauma Data Bank. Trauma patients who experienced domestic violence and who presented to trauma centers participating in the National Trauma Data Bank were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes (995.80-995.85, 995.50, 995.52-995.55, and 995.59) and E codes (E967.0-E967.9). Patients were stratified by age into 3 groups: children (≤18 years), adults (19-54 years), and elderly patients (≥55 years). Trend analysis was performed on April 10, 2014, to assess the reported prevalence of domestic violence over the years.Trauma patients presenting to trauma centers participating in the National Trauma Data Bank.To assess the reported prevalence of domestic violence among trauma patients.A total of 16 575 trauma patients who experienced domestic violence were included. Of these trauma patients, 10 224 (61.7%) were children, 5503 (33.2%) were adults, and 848 (5.1%) were elderly patients. The mean (SD) age was 15.9 (20.6), the mean (SD) Injury Severity Score was 10.9 (9.6), and 8397 (50.7%) were male patients. Head injuries (46.8% of patients) and extremity fractures (31.2% of patients) were the most common injuries. A total of 12 515 patients (75.1%) were discharged home, and the overall mortality rate was 5.9% (n = 980). The overall reported prevalence of domestic violence among trauma patients was 5.7 cases per 1000 trauma center discharges. The prevalence of domestic violence increased among children (14.0 cases per 1000 trauma center discharges in 2007 to 18.5 case per 1000 trauma center discharges in 2012; P = .001) and adults (3.2 cases per 1000 discharges in 2007 to 4.5 cases per 1000 discharges in 2012; P = .001) over the 6-year period and remained unchanged for elderly patients (0.8 cases per 1000 discharges in 2007 to 0.96 cases per 1000 discharges in 2012; P = .09). On subanalysis of adults and elderly patients, the prevalence of domestic violence increased among both female (4.6 cases per 1000 discharges in 2007 to 5.3 cases per 1000 discharges in 2012; P = .001) and male patients (1.5 cases per 1000 discharges in 2007 to 2.8 cases per 1000 discharges in 2012; P = .001).Domestic violence is prevalent among trauma patients. Over the years, the reported prevalence of domestic violence has been increasing among children and adults, and continues to remain high among female trauma patients. A robust mandatory screening for evaluating domestic violence among trauma patients, along with a focused national intervention, is warranted.
Abstract 1284: Medical Care Costs Among Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gregory A Nichols, Timothy J Bell, Kathryn L Pedula, Maureen O'Keeffe-Rosetti
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incur over twice the medical costs of age and sex-matched patients without CVD. However, specific estimates of medical costs among patients wi...
Abstract 18937: Ebstein’s Anomaly in Adults - Favourable Outcomes from a Single Specialist Centre Experience
Authors: Preeti Choudhary, Queenie Luu, Carla Caniffe, Dan Jackson, David S Celermajer
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart disease (CHD) and outcome data in adults is scarce. In our adult CHD centre, we have practised an uniform approach of “watchful waiting” with surgery reserved for either those with refractory arrhythmia or worsening dyspnoea, with lower threshold for cases with tricuspid valves amenable to repair (rather than require replacement), especially with adequate biventricular volumes. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of our EA patients managed with this approach.

Methods: All patients with EA and normal cardiac connections reviewed at least once in the adult CHD clinic were included. Outcome data was ascertained by reviewing the National Deaths registry and medical records.

Results: 51 EA patients (17 males, median age at diagnosis 13 years (0-63), mean age at first adult CHD clinic review 33+/-13 years) were followed for a mean period of 21+/-14 years. Of these, 18 patients (35%) had supraventricular arrhythmia with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 5 patients (10%). 16 patients (31%) underwent catheter ablation with sustained freedom from arrhythmia in 9 (56%) patients. Five patients (10%) required pacemaker implantation. 16 patients (31%) underwent tricuspid valve (TV) surgery (9 repair and 7 replacement). 7 patients had anti-arrhythmia surgery at the time of TV surgery, with re-do surgery required in 3. Small LV (defined as end-diastolic diameter <40mm in adulthood) was present in 20 patients. There were three deaths; a 58 y.o. female with cardiogenic shock after third time sternotomy and valve surgery, a 45 y.o. female with progressive heart failure and a 72 y.o. male with mild EA and unknown cause of death. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 100% survival to age 40, 95% to age 50 and 81% to age 60.

Conclusion: EA in adulthood often has severe morphological abnormalities but with a conservative management strategy, we demonstrate good medium-term survival.

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Abstract 12371: The Effects of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by Emergency Medical Services Responders Using a 30:2 Compression-Ventilation Ratio and/or a 1-Shock Protocol in Adult Victims of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ken Nagao, Eizo Tachibana, Kei Nishikawa, Tsukasa Yagi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Morimasa Takayama, Hiroshi Nonogi, Shinichi Shirai, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND The AHA 2005 and 2010 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recommended that emergency medical services (EMS) responders should use minimal interruptions in chest compressio...
Modulation of multidrug resistance: at the threshold.
Authors: B I Sikic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1629 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8355032 Modulation of multidrug resistance: at the threshold. B I SikicxB I SikicSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1629 First Page PDF © 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Psychiatric illness in U.S. Air Force Viet Nam prisoners of war: a five- year follow-up
Authors: Robert J. Ursano, James A. Boydstun, Richard D. Wheatley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The U.S. Air Force prisoners of war (POWs) experienced a profound degree of stress during the Viet Nam War. The psychiatric status of this population has been monitored by an ongoing voluntary follow-up program from the time of repatriation through the following five years. Data indicate a significant degree of psychiatric readjustment problems, which were greatest among POWs captured before 1969. These findings support the association of an unusually stressful environment with an increased incidence of psychiatric illness.
Abstract 9387: A Better Personalized Prediction for International Normalized Ratio Levels in Inpatients Receiving Warfarin
Authors: Yao Zhao, Nan Liu, Yijun Wang, Kathleen Hickey
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were: 1) to test the effectiveness of a novel prediction method for International Normalized Ratio (INR) levels in inpatients receiving warfarin therapy; 2) to compare the prediction accuracy between this method and existing methods. Methods: We developed a novel personalized pharmaco-kinetic and pharmaco-dynamic (PKPD) model to predict the trajectory of INRs over time. We tested this model on 60 inpatient cases in New York Presbyterian Hospital from 2012 to 2013 using two different methods. The first method (fixed horizon) predicts future INR levels by the initial five observed INRs; the second method (rolling horizon) makes predictions based on the latest five observed INRs on a rolling basis. Prediction accuracy is evaluated by the Absolute Percentage Prediction Error (PAPE), which is |Predicted INR - Actual INR|/Actual INR. Results: A personalized INR prediction example: Summary statistics for prediction errors: Conclusions: The rolling horizon method continuously updates the PKPD model based on the individuals’ latest INR responses, and thus significantly improves the prediction accuracy as compared to the fixed horizon method (p&lt;.001). The rolling horizon method provides accurate predictions for INR trajectory five days into the future, and can help clinicians improve warfarin dosing to reduce adverse outcomes due to INRs that are not within a therapeutic range.
Clinical characteristics of Kraepelinian schizophrenia: replication and extension of previous findings
Authors: R S Keefe, E Frescka, S H Apter, M Davidson, J M Macaluso, J Hirschowitz, K L Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

Subtypologies of schizophrenia based on cross-sectional criteria, such as the nomenclature of the DSMs, have not been successful in identifying valid diagnostic subgroups among patients with schizophrenia. A subtypology that uses criteria to classify individuals on the basis of longitudinal deficits in self-care may identify a more valid subgroup of schizophrenic patients.This study describes the clinical characteristics of a group of schizophrenic patients identified on the basis of a longitudinal criterion: at least 5 years of continuous and complete dependence on others for obtaining and maintaining the basic necessities of life, including food, clothing, and shelter.Sixty-one "Kraepelinian" schizophrenic inpatients, when compared to 80 non-Kraepelinian schizophrenic inpatients who were similar in years of illness, age, and education, demonstrated more severe negative symptoms and more severe formal thought disorder; yet the severity of their delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior did not differ significantly. None of the Kraepelinian patients and eight non-Kraepelinian patients met DSM-III-R criteria for schizoaffective disorder.Data from this replication study suggest that Kraepelinian schizophrenic patients, identified on the basis of a longitudinal course characterized by severe dysfunctions in self-care, may represent an alternative, and possibly more valid, method of subtyping schizophrenia.
Abstract P340: Associations between Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis and Future Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community (ARIC) Study
Authors: Lu Yao, Alvaro Alonso, Pamela Lutsey, Susan Cheng, Aaron Folsom, Weihong Tang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal vasculopathy that shares multiple risk factors with conventional atherosclerotic disease, including advanced age, male sex, hypertension, and smoking. However, it is still debated whether subclinical atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor for AAA. Hypothesis: Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis is positively associated with future risk of AAA, independent of shared cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We included 15,363 ARIC participants (74% whites) who had measures of carotid ultrasound at baseline (1987-89) at 45-64 years of age. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured bilaterally in the common carotid artery, carotid bifurcation, and internal carotid artery. Mean cIMT was estimated by combining the averages of cIMT measures at the 6 carotid sites. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque at any of the 6 segments was defined based on wall thickness ≥1.5 mm, or the presence of luminal encroachment or irregular intimal surface, or characteristics of arterial wall structural heterogeneity. Clinical AAAs were ascertained through hospital discharge diagnoses and death certificates through 2010. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between baseline carotid ultrasound measures and subsequent occurrence of clinical AAA. Results: In the total study sample (age 54±6 years, 45% men), the median (25 th to 75 th percentiles) cIMT at baseline was 0.71 (0.62 to 0.82) mm. Over an average of 21 years of follow up, a total of 392 clinical AAAs (74% male and 85% Whites) were ascertained. After adjustment for age, sex and race, participants in the highest quartile of baseline cIMT had 2.25 times higher risk of AAA (95% CI: 1.81, 2.79) compared to those in the lower 75 percentile. The presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque at baseline was associated with 1.77 times increased risk of AAA (95% CI: 1.44, 2.17) after adjustment for age, sex and race. The associations for cIMT and atherosclerotic plaque remained significant after additional adjustment for baseline height, pack-years of smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension: HR=1.66 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.08) for cIMT quartile 4 vs lower 75 percentile and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.66) for presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Further exclusion of participants with history of coronary heart disease or stroke at baseline slightly attenuated but did not abolish the associations of cIMT and atherosclerotic plaque with AAA (p&lt;0.05 after the exclusions). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in middle-age is independently associated with future risk of clinical AAA.
Immune Reconstitution In Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Conditioned Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: David Jared Kobulnicky, Roy T Sabo, Allison F Scalora, David Portier, Devon Fletcher, Jeffrey M Tessier, William B Clark, Harold M Chung, John M McCarty, Catherine H Roberts, Amir A Toor
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 5348: The extracellular domain of thrombomodulin induces erythroid differentiation and hampers proliferation of human leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Takayuki Ikezoe, Jing Yang, Chie Nishioka, Goichi Honda, Akihito Yokoyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Thrombomodulin (TM) is a glycosylated type I transmembrane molecule with multiple domains that include an NH2-terminal lectin-like region, six tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like structures, an O-glycosylation site-rich domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail domain. TM is ubiquitously expressed on endothelial cells and acts as an anticoagulant via generation of activated protein C. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) comprises the active, extracellular domain of TM, and inactivates coagulation. Use of rTM for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation was approved in Japan in 2008. We previous showed that exposure of acute promyelocytic leukemia or acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells to rTM induced myeloid differentiation and growth arrest in vitro (Exp Hemat. 2012, Leuk Res. 2012). The present study found that exposure of K562 and KU812 cell lines that were derived from chronic myeloid leukemia cells to rTM increased expression of cell surface glycophorin CD235a in association with upregulation of GATA1 mRNA, indicating a differentiation of leukemia cells toward erythroid lineage. Interestingly, treatment of K562 bearing immunodeficient mice with rTM significantly decreased number of K562 cells infiltrating in liver and prolonged their survival compared to mice who received control diluent. These observations shed light on a novel function of TM in hematopoietic cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Takayuki Ikezoe, Jing Yang, Chie Nishioka, Goichi Honda, Akihito Yokoyama. The extracellular domain of thrombomodulin induces erythroid differentiation and hampers proliferation of human leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5348
The dynamics of IV-type collagen contens in balf of patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis
Authors: Mykola Ostrovskyy, Tetiana Bondarenko, Oleksandr Varunkiv, Mariana Kulynych-Miskiv, Galyna Korzh, Mykola Stovban
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Backgraund. Chronic bronchitis are diagnosed in 4-6% of men and 1-3% of women. The persistent inflammathory process in bronchi, the development of microcirculation disorders, the increasing of hypoxia processes result in the activation of fibroblasts and their production of IV- type collagen, which is manifested by the formation of peribronchial pneumosclerosis.  Purpose of the study: the evaluation of the IV- type collagen level dynamics in BALF of patients at chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis.  Materials and methods. The contents of IV- type collagen in BALF has been evaluated by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 32 patients with at chronic bronchitis and 21 patient with chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis.  Results of the study: The contents of IV- type collagen in BALF at chronic bronchitis the level of IV- type collagen came to 11,88 ± 2,3 ng/ml, that in 1,22 time more than norm that comes 9,74±0,03ng/ml. While in the patients with chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis the level came to 5,41± 3,1ng/ml, that in 1,8 time less than allowed indexes.  Conclusions. At chronic bronchitis the level of IV-type collagen is higher that testifies about the activation process of peribronchial and perivascular pneumosclerosis, while at chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis its level will be lower that probably demonstrates deterioration of compensatory processes of neocollagenesis.