tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In praise of books
Authors: R. Wentz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Occupied as we are with electronic databases, information on the internet, and full text journals on the web, do we not sometimes overlook the value of information in current textbooks?

I have gone through my file of reference inquiries over the past six months and looked at those questions where clients insisted on a search on Medline, other electronic databases, or the internet. I would think that more than 60% of the questions were actually so general and unspecific that relevant information could have been found with ease in a current textbook or other printed source.

> Typically, articles on Medline deal with specialised aspects of a problem 

I refer to questions such as “Where do I find everything [sometimes the word “something” is used] on: diabetes in pregnancy? sectioning under the Mental Health Act? how to write a research paper? crisis intervention? screening for prostate cancer? hepatitis C? the principles of evidence based medicine? preceptorship? priority setting in …
SPECIAL TUBERCULOSIS EXAMINATIONS IN THE MILITARY SERVICE
Authors: FRANCIS B. TRUDEAU
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It was my privilege from the middle of last July to the middle of January of this year, to participate in the examination for tuberculosis of various branches of our army, including 7,589 prospective officers at the two Plattsburg training camps, 6,081 Regulars at Fort Ethan Allen, Plattsburg and Camp Devens, and 4,167 drafted men of the National Army at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass.  Before taking up in detail our findings at the various camps, it might not be out of place to state a few lessons which practical experience taught us regarding the best method of procedure for the expeditious examination of so large a number of men.  BEST METHOD OF PROCEDURE  1. The Personnel of the Examining Board.  —If the number of men to be examined is not more than 5,000, three medical officers will be able to examine the lungs of the entire command within one month.
L-ornithine and phenylacetate synergistically produce sustained reduction in ammonia and brain water in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Nathan A. Davies, Gavin Wright, Lars M. Ytreb, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Ole-Martin Fuskevåg, Claudia Zwingmann, Ceri D. Davies, Abeba Habtesion, Stephen J. Hodges, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Treatment of hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis is an unmet clinical need. The aims of this study were to determine whether L-ornithine and phenylacetate/phenylbutyrate (administered as the pro-drug phenylbutyrate) (OP) combined are synergistic and produce sustained reduction in ammonia by L-ornithine acting as a substrate for glutamine synthesis, thereby detoxifying ammonia, and the phenylacetate excreting the ornithine-derived glutamine as phenylacetylglutamine in the urine. Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 4 weeks after bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation. Study 1: Three hours before termination, an internal carotid sampling catheter was inserted, and intraperitoneal saline (placebo), OP, phenylbutyrate, or L-ornithine were administered after randomization. BDL was associated with significantly higher arterial ammonia and brain water and lower brain myoinositol ( P &lt; 0.01, respectively), compared with sham-operated controls, which was significantly improved in the OP-treated animals; arterial ammonia ( P &lt; 0.001), brain water ( P &lt; 0.05), brain myoinositol ( P &lt; 0.001), and urinary phenylacetylglutamine ( P &lt; 0.01). Individually, L-ornithine or phenylbutyrate were similar to the BDL group. In study 2, BDL rats were randomized to saline or OP administered intraperitoneally for 6 hours or 3, 5, or 10 days and were sacrificed between 4.5 and 5 weeks. The results showed that the administration of OP was associated with sustained reduction in arterial ammonia ( P &lt; 0.01) and brain water ( P &lt; 0.01) and markedly increased arterial glutamine ( P &lt; 0.01) and urinary excretion of phenylacetylglutamine ( P &lt; 0.01) in each of the OP treated groups. Conclusion: The results of this study provide proof of the concept that L-ornithine and phenylbutyrate/phenylacetate act synergistically to produce sustained improvement in arterial ammonia, its brain metabolism, and brain water in cirrhotic rats. (Hepatology 2009.)
Hospital layoffs in US are "worst in decade," statistics show
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Mass layoffs in US hospitals are on track to reach a new high, and analysts predict that the worst may be yet to come.

A report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics says that hospitals have laid off 8233 people so far this year. The bureau defines a mass layoff as when 50 or more people lose their jobs at a single site. Since the beginning of the year there have been 102 mass layoffs nationwide. If terminations continue at their current pace, 12 349 hospital employees will lose their jobs, up from 11 757 in 2009.

The only year with more layoffs was 2005, when hurricane …
MicroRNA-containing microvesicles regulating inflammation in association with atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Maarten Hulsmans, Paul Holvoet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

In addition to intracellular organelles, eukaryotic cells contain extracellular organelles which are released, or shed, into the microenvironment. In practice, most human studies have examined mixed populations containing both exosomes and shedding microvesicles (also called ectosomes or microparticles); only a few studies have rigorously distinguished between the two. Accordingly, in this review, exosomes and shedding microvesicles are collectively called microvesicles. The first aim of this review was to discuss the role of microvesicles in cell-to-cell communication in general and in specific interactions between cells in chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerotic disease. Hereby, we focused on cell-specific microvesicles derived from platelets, endothelial cells and monocyte and monocyte-derived cells. The latter were also found to be associated with inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes prior to atherosclerotic disease, and cancer. Our second aim was to discuss specific changes in microvesicle content in relation with inflammation associated with metabolic and atherosclerotic disease, and cancer. Because many studies supported the putative diagnostic value of microRNAs, we emphasized therein changes in microRNA content rather than protein or lipid content. The most interesting microRNAs in inflammatory microvesicles in association with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases were found to be the let-7 family, miR-17/92 family, miR-21, miR-29, miR-126, miR-133, miR-146, and miR-155. These data warrant further investigation of the potential of microvesicles as putative biomarkers and as novel carriers for the cell-specific transfer of microRNAs and other therapeutic agents.
The role of mucomyst administration prior to percutaneous interventions on renal function in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Milena G. Adamjan, Issam Moussa, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Michael Farkhou, Yullya Adamyan, Mohamed Mohamed, Andrei Negoita, Arlene Reyes, Monica Losquadro, Michael Collins, Edward M. Kreps, Jeffrey W. Moses, Gregg W. Stone, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Ectopic Gonadotropin in Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Saul W. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial "Ectopic Gonadotropin in Bronchogenic Carcinoma" (<b>207</b>:2094, 1969) merits additional comment. The writer noted that although Faiman and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>had shown an arterial-venous (a-v) gradient for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) across a tumor, "curiously, there was no (arterial-venous) difference in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), even though they were above normal in the serum at the time of surgery." This may in fact not be so "curious," when one considers that the immunochemical method used by Faiman et al (and indeed all existing immunochemical methods) does not distinguish between LH and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Thus, these workers may have been measuring an HCG-like polypeptide and not an LH-like polypeptide. This is pertinent because HCG is unique among polypeptide hormones thus far studied in having a long half-life in plasma (in the neighborhood of ten hours<sup>2</sup>as opposed to 30 to 60 minutes
Provision of acute beds in inner London: Are all Thames regions the same?: Author's reply
Authors: B. Jarman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

increased intracranial pressure is invariably present in acute meningeal inflammation' and lumbar puncture should always be undertaken with caution.Theoretically, the risk of precipitating sudden intracranial pressure loss may be reduced by minimal physical restraint and avoiding neck flexion; use of a small bore needle; obtaining a minimal volume of cerebrospinal fluid (less than 1 ml); and retracting skin from the puncture site before removing the needle and thereafter generously applying collodion to pre- vent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid after puncture.
Sodium Channel and Sodium Pump in Normal and Pathological Muscles from Patients with Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy and Lower Motor Neuron Impairment
Authors: C. Desnuelle, A. Lombet, G. Serratrice, M. Lazdunski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Two sodium transport systems have been analyzed in this work: the voltage-sensitive sodium channel and the (Na+, K+) ATPase pump. The sodium channel has been studied using a tritiated derivative of tetrodotoxin; the sodium pump has been studied using tritiated ouabain. Properties of interaction of tritiated tetrodotoxin and of tritiated ouabain with their respective receptors were observed in normal human skeletal muscle and in muscles of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy and with lower motor neuron impairment.
A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE PHENOMENA KNOWN AS COMPLEMENT-SPLITTING
Authors: Jacob Bronfenbrenner, Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

Michaelis and Skwirsky described a method by which complement can be split into end-and mid-pieces.In this method one cubic centimeter of complement (I:lO) is mixed with two cubic centimeters of mixture A-B, which consists of sixteen parts of M/7 NaH2P04 (solution A) and one part of M/7 Na=HPO4 (solutior~ B), and to this are added one cubic centimeter of amboceptor (fifty
SERUM DISEASE AND SERUM ACCIDENTS
Authors: G. M. MACKENZIE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

This report was prepared at the request of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. The Council considered the report, approved it, and authorized its publication.  W. A.Puckner, Secretary.  A little more than forty years ago, Hericourt and Richet established the principle of passive immunization. They demonstrated that the blood of an animal immunized by repeated injections of a micro-organism contains something which protects an otherwise untreated animal against infection by the organism used to immunize the first animal. The discovery of this important principle of passive immunization prepared the way for the production of diphtheria antitoxin in 1890 by von Behring and for all the other therapeutic serums and antitoxins which have been offered to the medical men of the present generations. The prophylactic or therapeutic value of a few of these serums is beyond question; of some, the most that can be said is that they are probably
Renal Salt Wasting and Carboplatinum
Authors: Jeanna Welborn, Frederick J. Meyers, Lois F. O'grady
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1988Renal Salt Wasting and CarboplatinumJEANNA WELBORN, M.D., FREDERICK J. MEYERS, M.D., LOIS F. O'GRADY, M.D.JEANNA WELBORN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK J. MEYERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LOIS F. O'GRADY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-640_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hutchinson and associates (1) report a salt wasting nephropathy in 10% of patients with lung cancer treated with cisplatinum. We saw a similar occurrence in 1 of 25 patients on a phase-I trial using carboplatinum in refractory patients who had relapses with acute leukemia (2).A 78-year-old man with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia had fever and volume depletion with orthostatic hypotension. His only medication was Tylenol. Admission sodium level was 128 mmol/L; potassium, 5.0 mmol/L; CO2, 21 mmol/L; and creatinine, 2.3 mg/dL. The urine sodium level was 19 mmol/L; urine osmolality, 370 mmol/kg; fractional excretion of sodium, 0.05%;...References1. HUTCHINSONPEREZGANDARALAWRENCEKAYSEN FEDHG. Renal salt wasting in patients treated with cisplatin. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:21-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MEYERSWELBORN FJ. A phase I trial of infusion carboplatinum (CBDCA) in relapsed acute leukemia—evidence of efficacy with limited toxicity. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1987;6:146. Google Scholar3. KURTZBERGDENNISKINNEY JVT. Cisplatinum-induced renal salt wasting. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1984;12:150-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. VON HOFF D. Whither carboplatin? A replacement for or an alternative to cisplatin? J Clin Oncol. 1987;5:169-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHyponatremia related to medical anticancer treatmentRecurrent renal salt wasting in a child treated with carboplatin and etoposide 1 April 1988Volume 108, Issue 4Page: 640-640KeywordsCreatinineExcretionFeversHypotensionLung and intrathoracic tumorsPotassiumRenal cancerSaltsSodiumUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Infratemporal Fossa Foreign Body
Authors: Gerald M. English
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Trismus is a common sequela of maxillofacial injuries. Foreign bodies are commonly associated with many injuries, however, they are very rare in the infratemporal fossa. In this case, there was fracture of the maxilla and an associated infratemporal foreign body which was rediolucent and undetected for a period of ten weeks. Removal of this foreign body resulted in immediate and complete resolution of the patient's symptom of trismus.
BMA chairman proposes reforming the reforms
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Seven steps are needed to reform the NHS reforms and arrest the mood of alienation and demoralisation in the NHS, the chairman of the BMA's council said this week. Speaking at the start of the BMA's annual meeting in Birmingham, Dr Sandy Macara called for everyone to face the facts. The government had to acknowledge that its “huge national experiment” had failed. The professions had to recognise that they had not always been as imaginative or adaptable to change as they might have been.

Dr Macara said that there was a need to rediscover a consensus of aims and objectives, which were already set out in the Health of the Nation. This policy was …
Splints for Fractured Noses
Authors: M. C. Oldfield, W. R. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1947)

spite of the fact that it was markedly penicillin-sensitive.This suggests that the dosage was too low.The strain of C. diphtheriae gravis was inhibited by 0.004 unit of penicillin.Further Cases.-Threefurther cases have been treated.All were mild, all received one million units of penicillin a day for three days, and in none was I able to demonstrate diph- theria bacilli after the first day's treatment,
Nitric Oxide Is Responsible for Flow-Dependent Dilatation of Human Peripheral Conduit Arteries In Vivo
Authors: Robinson Joannides, Walter E. Haefeli, Lilly Linder, Vincent Richard, El Hassan Bakkali, Christian Thuillez, Thomas F. Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Experimental evidence suggests that flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and/or prostacyclin. The present study was designed to assess whether NO or prostacyclin also contributes to flow-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries in humans. Methods and Results Radial artery internal diameter (ID) was measured continuously in 16 healthy volunteers (age, 24±1 years) with a transcutaneous A-mode echo-tracking system coupled to a Doppler device for the measurement of radial blood flow. In 8 subjects, a catheter was inserted into the brachial artery for measurement of arterial pressure and infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA; 8 μmol/min for 7 minutes; infusion rate, 0.8 mL/min). Flow-dependent dilatation was evaluated before and after L-NMMA or aspirin as the response of the radial artery to an acute increase in flow (reactive hyperemia after a 3-minute cuff wrist occlusion). Under control conditions, release of the occlusion induced a marked increase in radial blood flow (from 24±3 to 73±11 mL/min; P &lt;.01) followed by a delayed increase in radial diameter (flow-mediated dilatation; from 2.67±0.10 to 2.77±0.12 mm; P &lt;.01) without any change in heart rate or arterial pressure. L-NMMA decreased basal forearm blood flow (from 24±3 to 13±3 mL/min; P &lt;.05) without affecting basal radial artery diameter, heart rate, or arterial pressure, whereas aspirin (1 g PO) was without any hemodynamic effect. In the presence of L-NMMA, the peak flow response during hyperemia was not affected (76±12 mL/min), but the duration of the hyperemic response was markedly reduced, and the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery was abolished and converted to a vasoconstriction (from 2.62±0.11 to 2.55±0.11 mm; P &lt;.01). In contrast, aspirin did not affect the hyperemic response nor the flow-dependent dilatation of the radial artery. Conclusions The present investigation demonstrates that NO, but not prostacyclin, is essential for flow-mediated dilatation of large human arteries. Hence, this response can be used as a test for the l -arginine/NO pathway in clinical studies.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis in and About the Kidney
Authors: Atis K. Freimanis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

EARLY in the investigation of ultrasonic diagnosis of retroperitoneal organs it became apparent that kidney parenchyma is highly transonic. As a result of the surrounding connective tissue, as well as the strong echo-producing characteristics of the structures in the renal hilum and pelvis, the kidneys yield a characteristic echographic appearance. Thus, the kidney has been one of the first organs examined by echographic scanning. With recent improvements in ultrasonic diagnostic technology, it has become even more accessible to evaluation by this method. The intravenous urogram is, of course, satisfactory for most diagnostic needs requiring renal imaging. Occasionally, however, one encounters a patient who has poor renal function or in whom for other reasons intravenous urography does not yield complete results. In such cases—and for some other applications—the new diagnostic tool of reflected ultrasound scanning has become useful, is now accepted as a clinical examination beyond the experimental stage, and yields
Serum C4 concentration and risk of atherosclerosis
Authors: L A Moreno, A Sarria, A Lazaro, M Bueno, L Larrad
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Judit Kramer and colleagues report a high prevalence of the C4B*Q0 allotype in patients with myocardial infarction.1 Muscari et al showed a significant assocation between serum C4 concentrations and the presence of severe atherosclerosis.2 We have studied, in our paediatric lipid research clinic, 243 children aged 2.0 to 15.9 years. We determined serum C4 concentrations in 107 children from 79 families who were referred to our clinic from 1990 to 1992 because serum total …
Electrophysiological effects of disopyramide in patients with bundle branch block.
Authors: J M Desai, M Scheinman, R W Peters, J O'Young
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Electrophysiological studies were performed in 22 patients with intraventricular conduction delay before and after intravenous infusion of disopyramide (Norpace), 2 mg/kg. Mean control maximal sinus node recovery time (1039 +/- 187 msec), atrioventricular nodal conduction time (113 +/- 28 msec), and atrioventricular nodal effective refractory periods (349 +/- 67 msec) did not change significantly after administration of disopyramide (1073 +/- 284 msec, 112 +/- 31 msec, and 342 +/- 42 msec, respectively). Mean spontaneous cycle length (756 +/- 146 msec) decreased significantly 5 minutes after disopyramide (717 +/- 124 msec) (p less than 0.05), but not after 30 minutes (734 +/- 142 msec). A small but statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase occurred after disopyramide in the mean atrial effective refractory period (259 +/- 51 to 280 +/- 53 msec), ventricular effective refractory period (253 +/- 23 to 275 +/- 33 msec), as well as the relative refractory period of the ventricular specialized conduction system (six patients) 433 +/- 78 to 479 +/- 62 msec). Although mean control infranodal conduction time (67 +/- 35 msec) increased 5 minutes after disopyramide (79 +/- 41 msec) (p less than 0.001) (18%), no spontaneous episodes of second-degree or third-degree atrioventricular block were observed. In six patients with premature ventricular depolarizations (greater than or equal to 1/min), the arrhythmia was totally abolished in four, markedly reduced in one, and remained unchanged in one. Disopyramide resulted in significant prolongation of infranodal conduction time as well as in atrial and ventricular refractoriness, but nevertheless appears to be safe in patients with bundle branch block.
ABC of Sports Medicine: Assessment of physical performance
Authors: C Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Physical performance is mainly a function of an individuals's size, shape, sex, and age, but not entirely so.Success in sport at whatever level also depends on fitness.It is assumed, of course, that implicit in any definition of fitness is the absence of acute or chronic illness.Fitness is sport specific and in many sports it is also position specific.This "fitness for purpose" is a well accepted concept in sport, as I~tW w2F* 1 g iS W |11 Wreflected by the use of the word "fit" to describe, for example, successful runners, swimmers, gymnasts, and paraplegic athletes.Nevertheless, fitness for any sport has five common elements- |ihI; strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and skill.The relative contributions of each of these to the specific fitness demands of different sports are, of course, not equal.Training time devoted to each of these elements is therefore different between sports and depends on ,'. .x . .g . . the level of participation.To a certain extent skill can compensate for poor fitness, but improved fitness allows skilful athletes to extend their -~~performance by delaying the onset of fatigue.
I-123 Iomazenil SPECT Imaging in a Patient With Hemispheric Brain Damage Due to Cerebral Ischemia During Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Masakazu Kobayashi, Kuniaki Ogasawara, Kenta Aso, Kohei Chida, Hiroki Kuroda, Kenji Yoshida, Akira Ogawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A reduction in cortical benzodiazepine receptor binding potential on I-123 iomazenil SPECT images indicates cortical neural damage or loss. We present the case of a 63-year-old man who underwent endarterectomy for symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery stenosis. While MR imaging 1 month after surgery revealed ischemic lesions only in the white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, I-123 iomazenil SPECT at the same time demonstrated the absence of tracer uptake throughout the entire cerebral cortex, where global ischemic lesions and brain atrophy had developed on MR imaging performed 1 year after surgery.