tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Spatially Extensive Resistance to PCBs in an Anadromous Fish of the Hudson River
Authors: Zhanpeng Yuan, Simon Courtenay, R. Christopher Chambers, Isaac Wirgin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Populations of organisms that are chronically exposed to high levels of chemical contaminants may not suffer the same sublethal or lethal effects as naive populations, a phenomenon called resistance. Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) from the Hudson River, New York, are exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and bioaccumulate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). They have developed resistance to PCBs and PCDDs but not to PAHs. Resistance is largely heritable and manifests at early-life-stage toxic end points and in inducibility of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA expression. Because CYP1A induction is activated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, as are most toxic responses to these compounds, we sought to determine the geographic extent of resistance to CYP1A mRNA induction by PCBs in the Hudson River tomcod population. Samples of young-of-the-year tomcod were collected from seven locales in the Hudson River, extending from the Battery at river mile 1 (RM 1) to RM 90, and from the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, Canada. Laboratory-reared offspring of tomcod adults from Newark Bay, in the western portion of the Hudson River estuary, were also used in this study. Fish were partially depurated in clean water and intraperitoneally injected with 10 ppm coplanar PCB-77, 10 ppm benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), or corn oil vehicle, and levels of CYP1A mRNA were determined. CYP1A was significantly inducible by treatment with BaP in tomcod from the Miramichi River, from laboratory-spawned offspring of Newark Bay origin, and from all Hudson River sites spanning 90 miles of river. In contrast, only tomcod from the Miramichi River displayed significantly induced CYP1A mRNA expression when treated with PCB-77. Our results suggest that the population of tomcod from throughout the Hudson River estuary has developed resistance to CYP1A inducibility and probably other toxicities mediated by the AHR pathway. Tomcod from the Hudson River may represent the most geographically expansive population of vertebrates with resistance to chemical pollutants that has been characterized.
Treatment of Migraine
Authors: John R. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

Therapy of the Acute AttackGeneral PrinciplesWolff16 has suggested that the migraine experience serves a biologic need. The pain and generalized distress of the attack force the patient into the retirement from the stressful life scene that his exhausted physique is demanding. It is well to bear this in mind, both in providing the setting for the treatment of the acute attack and in governing the speed with which the patient returns to activity if drug therapy is successful in relieving the pain. The patient needs to learn that, thankful as he may be that his head pain is . . .
Tuberculous Peritonitis
Authors: FATHALI BORHANMANESH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Thirty-two patients with tuberculous peritonitis were prospectively studied over a 44-month period at Pahlavi University Medical Center. The hallmarks of the disease included abdominal pain, fever, exudative ascites, and an abdominal mass. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on the histological finding of caseating granulomas in 96% of the cases; in 84%, caseating granulomas were found in the peritoneum. Laparotomy appears to be the procedure of choice in obtaining tissue for histopathological diagnosis. Cultures and guinea pig inoculations, at least with small amounts of fluid, have not been rewarding. Tuberculous peritonitis, in absence of other complications or diseases, has been successfully treated with isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid. Eleven of our patients had histological evidence of tuberculosis outside the peritoneum or had positive sputum smears. Eight others had pleuropulmonary involvement, which showed a slow resolution on tuberculous chemotherapy. This high prevalence of documented or suggested tuberculosis of other organs indicates that tuberculous peritonitis is part of a disseminated tuberculosis. Since the pleuropulmonary lesions were of the "primary type," hematogenous dissemination from a primary pulmonary focus probably is the major mechanism of peritoneal involvement.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome with an infiltration of factor XIIIa+ and hyaluronan synthase 2+ dermal dendrocytes
Authors: A. Tominaga, S. Tajima, A. Ishibashi, K. Kimata
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome with an infiltration of factor XIIIa+ and hyaluronan synthase 2+ dermal dendrocytes Get access A. Tominaga, A. Tominaga Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359‐8513, Japan Akihiro Tominaga. E‐mail: tajimas@ndmc.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Tajima, S. Tajima Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359‐8513, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ishibashi, A. Ishibashi Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, 3‐2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359‐8513, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kimata K. Kimata Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480‐1195, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 1, 1 July 2001, Pages 141–145, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04299.x Published: 01 July 2001
Non-specific effects of vaccination
Authors: J Vaugelade, F Simondon, E Elguero, S Pinchinat, G Guiella
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Aaby et al raise issues of general rather than specific interest, as their references indicate. The study of the effects of vaccines, which pioneered the randomised controlled trials method more than 50 years ago, is still topical and of general interest.1 The limitations discussed by Aaby et al …
Patterns of Expression of DNA Repair Genes and Relapse From Melanoma
Authors: Rosalyn Jewell, Caroline Conway, Angana Mitra, Juliette Randerson-Moor, Samira Lobo, Jérémie Nsengimana, Mark Harland, Maria Marples, Sara Edward, Martin Cook, Barry Powell, Andy Boon, Floor de Kort, Katharine A. Parker, Ian A. Cree, Jennifer H. Barrett, Margaret A. Knowles, D. Timothy Bishop, Julia Newton-Bishop
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: To use gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed primary melanoma samples to detect expression patterns that are predictive of relapse and response to chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles were identified in samples from two studies (472 tumors). Gene expression data for 502 cancer-related genes from these studies were combined for analysis. Results: Increased expression of DNA repair genes most strongly predicted relapse and was associated with thicker tumors. Increased expression of RAD51 was the most predictive of relapse-free survival in unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio, 2.98; P = 8.80 × 10−6). RAD52 (hazard ratio, 4.73; P = 0.0004) and TOP2A (hazard ratio, 3.06; P = 0.009) were independent predictors of relapse-free survival in multivariable analysis. These associations persisted when the analysis was further adjusted for demographic and histologic features of prognostic importance (RAD52 P = 0.01; TOP2A P = 0.02). Using principal component analysis, expression of DNA repair genes was summarized into one variable. Genes whose expression correlated with this variable were predominantly associated with the cell cycle and DNA repair. In 42 patients treated with chemotherapy, DNA repair gene expression was greater in tumors from patients who progressed on treatment. Further data supportive of a role for increased expression of DNA repair genes as predictive biomarkers are reported, which were generated using multiplex PCR. Conclusions: Overexpression of DNA repair genes (predominantly those involved in double-strand break repair) was associated with relapse. These data support the hypothesis that melanoma progression requires maintenance of genetic stability and give insight into mechanisms of melanoma drug resistance and potential therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5211–21. ©2010 AACR.
Management of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Robert S. Schwab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SOME understanding of both the problems of diagnosis and the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis should precede a discussion of modern technics of therapy. Myasthenia gravis is still a rare condition as compared to epilepsy or Parkinson's disease. The special Myasthenia Gravis Clinic at the Massachusetts General Hospital lists (as of January, 1962) 222 patients in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Assuming that 85 per cent of all patients in the State are seen eventually by this group there are 260 in Massachusetts, or 1:10,000, which makes 19,000 for the United States.The disease is characterized by both a pathologically rapid fatigue . . .
Case 49-1967
Authors: Charles A. Sanders, Hubert J. Wolfe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-six-year-old man entered the hospital because of pain in the abdomen.One month previously he had a respiratory-tract infection with pleuritic pain, which subsided within a few days. Dull, aching pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen developed three weeks before admission, and two days before entry there was the onset of precordial aching pain and palpitation of the heart. There was no history of dyspnea, ankle edema or hypertension. He smoked heavily.On admission a few moist rales were audible at the lung bases. The left border of cardiac dullness . . .
Rehabilitation in the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: M. Wilkinson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Book reviews 323and of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tech-mechanisms found in skeletal muscle.There are then separ- niques.Comparable analyses incorporating these newer ate parts devoted to diseases of the anterior horn cell, the methods will undoubtedly follow.peripheral nerve, muscle itself, and the neuromuscular Stemming directly from the present volume and in-junction.corporated in the papers to which I refer above is the appli-The book is presumably intended for those specialists cation to synovial diagnosis of the approach that is coming dealing with neuromuscular disease, and therefore must to be called 'probability diagnosis', an advance in histostand comparison with Walton's Disorders of Voluntary pathology that reflects the anxiety of many contemporary Muscle, the fourth edition of which has recently appeared.It investigators to apply all that is best in statistics and com-has one advantage in this respect, in that it is not a multiputer technology to the interpretation of the often difficult author text.This advantage is sustained, however, only if problems posed by synovial biopsies.The results are a the authors are able to cover the wide area of the subject
Plasma fibronectin is a component of cryoglobulins from patients with connective tissue and other diseases.
Authors: B Anderson, M Rucker, R Entwistle, F R Schmid, G W Wood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Twenty-four washed cryoglobulin precipitates were examined for the presence of plasma fibronectin, immunoglobulins, complement components Clq and C3, and fibrinogen. Plasma fibronectin was detected in all preparations by immunodiffusion with antifibronectin serum, whereas the other components were found in some but not all of the cryoglobulins.
Prion-like aspects of cerebral amyloidosis
Authors: Mathias Jucker, Lan Ye, Sarah Fritschi
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

The commonality of many neurodegenerative disorders is the predictable temporal occurrence and progression of specific aggregated proteins in the brain. The hallmark proteopathy is Alzheimer’s disease in which aggregated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is deposited in the brain parenchyma as amyloid plaques. Multiple evidence suggests that β-amyloidosis is induced by aggregated Aβ which can spread within and among brain regions and act as corruptive templates (seeds) that induce a chain-reaction of Aβ misfolding and aggregation. The insight that the prion paradigm may also apply to cerebral β-amyloidosis and other proteopathies suggests new avenues in search of biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with persistent aortic wall thickening and glomerular proteinuria during infancy
Authors: Vincenzo Zanardo, Tiziana Fanelli, Gary Weiner, Vassilios Fanos, Martina Zaninotto, Silvia Visentin, Francesco Cavallin, Daniele Trevisanuto, Erich Cosmi
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Low birth weight, caused either by preterm birth or by intrauterine growth restriction, has recently been associated with increased rates of adult renal and cardiovascular disease. Since aortic intima-media thickening is a noninvasive marker of preclinical vascular disease, we compared abdominal aortic intima-media thickness among intrauterine growth restricted and equivalent gestational age fetuses in utero and at 18 months of age. The relationship between intrauterine growth restriction, fetal aortic thickening, and glomerular function during infancy was measured by enrolling 44 mothers with single-fetus pregnancies at 32 weeks gestation: 23 growth restricted and 21 of appropriate gestational age as controls. Abdominal aortic intima-media thickness was measured by ultrasound at enrollment and again at 18 months of age. Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction had significantly higher abdominal aortic intima-media thickness compared with age controls when measured both in utero and at 18 months. At 18 months, the median urinary microalbumin and median albumin-creatinine ratio were significantly higher in those infants who experienced intrauterine growth restriction compared to the controls. Our results show that intrauterine growth restriction is associated with persistent aortic wall thickening and significantly higher microalbuminuria during infancy.
Evidence that diffusion limitation determines oxygen uptake kinetics during exercise in humans.
Authors: A Koike, K Wasserman, D K McKenzie, S Zanconato, D Weiler-Ravell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To determine the role of arterial O2 content on the mechanism of muscle O2 utilization, we studied the effect of 2, 11, and 20% carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) on O2 uptake (VO2), and CO2 output (VCO2) kinetics in response to 6 min of constant moderate- and heavy-intensity cycle exercise in 10 subjects. Increased COHb did not affect resting heart rate, VO2 or VCO2. Also, the COHb did not affect the asymptotic VO2 in response to exercise. However, VO2 and VCO2 kinetics were affected differently. The time constant (TC) of VO2 significantly increased with increased COHb for both moderate and heavy work intensities. VO2 TC was positively correlated with blood lactate. In contrast, VCO2 TC was negatively correlated with increased COHb for the moderate but unchanged for the heavy work intensity. The gas exchange ratio reflected a smaller increase in CO2 stores and faster VCO2 kinetics relative to VO2 with increased COHb. These changes can be explained by compensatory cardiac output (heart rate) increase in response to reduced arterial O2 content. The selective slowing of VO2 kinetics, with decreased blood O2 content and increased cardiac output, suggests that O2 is diffusion limited at the levels of exercise studied.
A small animal model of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and its evaluation by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: E Schwarz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Background: Costs for large animal studies have escalated. Therefore there is a need to develop small animal models of non-ischemic cardiac failure and accurate non-invasive techniques that will allow serial quantitation of left ventricular function. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy and reliability of adriamycin for inducing cardiomyopathy in rats. We hypothesized that high frequency transthoracic 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography would allow for serial testing of cardiac function in this small animal model. Methods: Adriamycin was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg intravenously once a week for 10 weeks in 54 rats. Transthoracic echocardiography by use of a 7.5 MHz transducer was performed in 19 rats at baseline and additionally at 12 weeks after beginning of adriamycin therapy to measure left ventricular dimensions and calculate fractional shortening. Results: The mortality rate during the treatment period was 11%, but increased to 52% at 13 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiography provided adequate visualization of left ventricular dimensions and cardiac function in a parasternal short axis view. In follow-up echocardiography, pericardial effusion was detected in 8/19 rats (42%). Compared to baseline, end-diastolic diameters increased from 0.56±0.06 to 0.64±0.08 mm (p<0.001), end-systolic diameters increased from 0.27±0.03 to 0.42±0.08 mm (p<0.001), and fractional shortening decreased from 52.8±4.0 to 34.3±7.1% (p<0.001) at 12 weeks. Electron microscopy in a subset of rats revealed cardiomyocyte degeneration, mitochondrial and sarcoplasmatic reticular edema, numerous intracellular vacuoles and 'onion-ring' shaped mitochondrial cristae, characteristic for adriamycin cardiotoxicity in human patients. Conclusion: Adriamycin at an intravenous dose of 2.5 mg/kg over 10 weeks can be used to create a reliable model of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with a high success rate. For in-vivo diagnostic purposes, transthoracic echocardiography provides a reliable technique to non-invasively assess cardiac function quantitatively and qualitatively in follow-up studies in rat cardiomyopathy. This small animal model can easily be used for testing new therapeutic strategies in cardiac failure.
Sonographic training in rheumatology: a self teaching approach
Authors: E Filippucci
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To evaluate a self teaching approach to be followed by a novice without previous practical experience in musculoskeletal ultrasonography.The novice was given short general training (two hours) by an experienced sonographer focusing on the approach to the ultrasound equipment, and asked to obtain the best sonographic images of different anatomical areas as similar as possible to the "gold standard" pictures in the online version of the guidelines for musculoskeletal ultrasonography in rheumatology (free access at http://www.sameint.it/eular/ultrasound). At the end of each scanning session, both novice and tutor scored "blindly" all the images from 0 (the lowest quality) to 10 (the highest quality), with a minimum quality score of 6 considered acceptable for standard clinical use. The tutor then explained how to improve the quality of the pictures. Fourteen consecutive inpatients (seven with rheumatoid arthritis, three with psoriatic arthritis, two with reactive arthritis, and two with osteoarthritis) and five healthy subjects were examined. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a Diasus (Dynamic Imaging Ltd, Livingston, Scotland, UK) using two broadband linear probes of 5-10 and 8-16 MHz frequency.Sonographic training lasted one month and included 30 scanning sessions (24 hours of active scanning). 243 images were taken of the selected anatomical areas. The mean time required to produce each image was 6 minutes (SD 4.2; range 1-30). At the end of the training, the novice scored >/=6 for each standard scan.A novice can obtain acceptable sonographic images in 24 non-consecutive hours of active scanning after an intensive self teaching programme.
Little Bang for Bucks?
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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903 TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) VERSUS EMTRICITABINE PLUS TDF (FTC/TDF) FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT VIRAL REPLICATION RECEIVING ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL
Authors: T. Berg, B. Moller, H. Trinh, S. Chan, P. Marcellin, E. Suarez, A. Snow-Lampart, D. Oldach, J. Sorbel, K. Borroto-Esoda, D. Frederick, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)