tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Contributing to High Blood Pressure
Authors: EDWARD D. FROHLICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Essential hypertension, a disease that affects about 60 million Americans, is not a homogeneous clinical entity. The disease is caused by altered regulation of mechanisms that control arterial pressure. Because the manifestations of the abnormally regulated pressure have many factors, the approaches to treatment likewise may be expected to be multifactorial. Hemodynamic, neural and catecholamine, renopressor, renal excretory and volume, hormonal, electrolyte, and depressor mechanisms are discussed. Associated conditions that must be considered include exogenous obesity, hyperuricemia, coronary artery disease, carbohydrate intolerance, and hyperlipidemia. Clearer understanding of the role of each of these factors in essential hypertension should provide a rationale for wise selection of antihypertensive therapy and allow reversal of the very high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.
Relationships between specific serum IgE, cytokines and polymorphisms in the IL‐4, IL‐4R<i>α</i> in patients with penicillins allergy
Authors: H.‐L. Qiao, J. Yang, Y.‐W. Zhang
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Excessive production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma is thought to be important in the development of allergic disease and atopy. Several investigators have linked the IL-4 and IL-4R genes to allergic disease and atopy. The aim of this study is to further explore the mechanism of penicillins allergy and evaluate the possible role of the IL-4 C-589T and IL-4RalphaQ576R polymorphisms in modulating the allergic responses to penicillins.Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was used to detect eight kinds of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to penicillins in serum. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IL-4 C-589T and IL-4RalphaQ576R polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Compared with control subjects, there were significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma in allergic patients with positive specific IgE (P < 0.01), and the lower levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma were observed in allergic patients with negative specific IgE (P < 0.05). We found a growing trend of IL-4 and IL-13 levels with the kind increasing of positive specific IgE, and even there were significant correlations between the three kinds of cytokines and many kinds of specific IgE (P < 0.05). The IL-4Ralpha*Q576 allele was significantly increased in patients with penicillins allergy compared with control subjects (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the allele was strongly associated with increased serum-specific benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-, phenoxomethylpenicillanyl (PVA)- or ampicillanyl (APA)-IgE levels in patients with positive specific IgE (P < 0.05).These data suggest that IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma play an important roles in penicillins allergy. The IL-4RalphaQ576R polymorphism may involve in the development of penicillins allergy, and through modulating specific serum IgE levels.
Italy introduces “baby boxes” to save lives of abandoned newborns
Authors: Clare Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Special boxes that allow mothers to abandon their newborn babies with no questions asked have now spread from Germany and Hungary to Italy.

Germany and Hungary introduced such boxes in separate but similar initiatives about five years ago to help prevent dozens of deaths of newborn babies abandoned on the streets.

The boxes are the high tech, modern equivalent of the old medieval foundling wheels operated by orphanages in Padua from the 1400s until 1888. The wheels were a circular wooden board half inside and half outside the orphanages run by nuns. Mothers placed their unwanted newborns …
Effect of tourniquet ischaemia on muscle energy metabolism in meniscectomy patients.
Authors: M. Pääkkönen, E. M. Alhava, O. Hänninen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The enzyme levels of muscle energy metabolism were studied in eight male meniscectomy patients before and 10 minutes after release of the tourniquet and on the third post-operative day. The average tourniquet time was 65.1 min. The muscle samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscles; the healthy side served as the control. The greatest enzyme changes 10 min after release of the tourniquet were the falls in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025 respectively). On the 3rd day phosphofructokinase (FFK) and malate dehydrokinase (MDH) activities were also lowered in the tourniquet limb, but the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was not changed significantly. In the control extremity only SDH showed a lowered value on the 3rd post-operative day (p less than 0.05), perhaps due to hypokinesia in hospital. The results indicate that even one-hour tourniquet ischaemia causes an enzyme release from muscle and for at least three days after the tourniquet enzyme activities in muscle are lowered, perhaps because of the combined effect of the tourniquet ischaemia and hypokinesia after the operation.
Trimethoprim and Sulphamethoxazole in Typhoid
Authors: O. O. Akinkugbe, E. A. Lewis, D. Montefiore, O. A. Okubadejo
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Six patients with proved typhoid fever were treated with a combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole; four others were treated with chloramphenicol. All ten patients made an uneventful recovery. Though the numbers are small it appears that the patients treated with the combined drugs did just as well as those treated with chloramphenicol, and fever seemed to subside quicker with the combined drugs. Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole have low toxicities, so further studies of their use in the treatment of typhoid are justified.
Correction: Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, Sleepwalking, Night Terrors, Nightmares, and Enuresis
Authors: ANTHONY KALES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1987Correction: Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, Sleepwalking, Night Terrors, Nightmares, and EnuresisANTHONY KALES, M.D.ANTHONY KALES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-124_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the April issue ofAnnals, an error was made in discussing the evaluation of sleepwalking and night terrors (1). At the end of the second paragraph on page 586, the sentence should read, "Such episodes are distinctly different . . . they appear to be variants of nocturnal epilepsy and are alleviated with antiepileptic [not analeptic] drug treatment."...Reference1. KALES A, SOLDATOS C, and KALES J. Sleep disorders: insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, nightmares and enuresis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:582-92. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ANTHONY KALES, M.D.Affiliations: The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA 17033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1987Volume 107, Issue 1Page: 124-124KeywordsAnticonvulsantsDrugsEpilepsyInsomniaSleep disorders ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Timing of Myocardial <i>Trpm7</i> Deletion During Cardiogenesis Variably Disrupts Adult Ventricular Function, Conduction, and Repolarization
Authors: Rajan Sah, Pietro Mesirca, Xenos Mason, William Gibson, Christopher Bates-Withers, Marjolein Van den Boogert, Dipayan Chaudhuri, William T. Pu, Matteo E. Mangoni, David E. Clapham
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Transient receptor potential ( TRP ) channels are a superfamily of broadly expressed ion channels with diverse physiological roles. TRPC1, TRPC3 , and TRPC6 are believed to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models. Human mutations in TRPM4 have been linked to progressive familial heart block. TRPM7 is a divalent-permeant channel and kinase of unknown function, recently implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation; however, its function in ventricular myocardium remains unexplored. Methods and Results— We generated multiple cardiac-targeted knockout mice to test the hypothesis that TRPM7 is required for normal ventricular function. Early cardiac Trpm7 deletion (before embryonic day 9; TnT / Isl1-C re) results in congestive heart failure and death by embryonic day 11.5 as a result of hypoproliferation of the compact myocardium. Remarkably, Trpm7 deletion late in cardiogenesis (about embryonic day 13; αMHC-Cre ) produces viable mice with normal adult ventricular size, function, and myocardial transcriptional profile. Trpm7 deletion at an intermediate time point results in 50% of mice developing cardiomyopathy associated with heart block, impaired repolarization, and ventricular arrhythmias. Microarray analysis reveals elevations in transcripts of hypertrophy/remodeling genes and reductions in genes important for suppressing hypertrophy ( Hdac9) and for ventricular repolarization ( Kcnd2 ) and conduction ( Hcn4 ). These transcriptional changes are accompanied by action potential prolongation and reductions in transient outward current ( I to ; Kcnd2 ). Similarly, the pacemaker current ( I f ; Hcn4 ) is suppressed in atrioventricular nodal cells, accounting for the observed heart block. Conclusions— Trpm7 is dispensable in adult ventricular myocardium under basal conditions but is critical for myocardial proliferation during early cardiogenesis. Loss of Trpm7 at an intermediate developmental time point alters the myocardial transcriptional profile in adulthood, impairing ventricular function, conduction, and repolarization.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE ANB FORMATION OF BULLAE.—I
Authors: G. H. PERCIVAL, P. W. HANNAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1949)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE ANB FORMATION OF BULLAE.—I Get access G. H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.E., D.P.H., G. H. PERCIVAL, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.E., D.P.H. University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. W. HANNAY, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P.E P. W. HANNAY, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P.E University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 61, Issue 2, 1 February 1949, Pages 41–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1949.tb11317.x Published: 01 February 1949
Sunbed-induced pseudoporphyria
Authors: G.M. MURPHY, J. WRIGHT, D.S.H. NICHOLLS, P.H. McKEE, A.G. MESSENGER, J.L.M. HAWK, G.M. LEVENE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Sunbed‐induced pseudoporphyria Get access G.M. MURPHY, G.M. MURPHY St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ Dr G.M.Murphy, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. WRIGHT, J. WRIGHT St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.S.H. NICHOLLS, D.S.H. NICHOLLS St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.H. McKEE, P.H. McKEE Histopathology Department, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's & St Thomas’Hospitals, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.G. MESSENGER, A.G. MESSENGER Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L.M. HAWK, J.L.M. HAWK St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. LEVENE G.M. LEVENE St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 4, 1 April 1989, Pages 555–562, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01331.x Published: 01 April 1989
Development of Pulsus Paradoxus in the Presence of Airways Obstruction
Authors: Anthony S. Rebuck, L. David Pengelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In a series of 76 patients with asthma of varying severity, pulsus paradoxus developed in 34. Those had more severe airways obstruction than patients without pulsus paradoxus (p less than 0.001). In five normal subjects, we simulated various mechanical changes seen in patients with pulsus paradoxus, to determine the extent to which these factors interacted in the production of the abnormal blood pressure. A combination of increased functional residual capacity (54 to 78 per cent rise above resting level) and high intra-alveolar pressure (14 to 22 cm of water) was necessary for the development of pulsus paradox-us. Neither of these factors acting alone was associated with its occurrence. These findings suggest that in severe airways obstruction, right ventricular filling is limited by pericardial stretching in the hyperinflated chest. Volume discrepancy between pulmonary vascular bed and right ventricular stroke output is exaggerated by the wide inspiratory pressure swings.
THE ADDITION OF VITAMIN D TO THE INTERMOUNTAIN RISK SCORE IMPROVES THE PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF DEATH AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Heidi Thomas May, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Oxana Galenko, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Donald L. Lappé, Brianna S. Ronnow, Abdallah G. Kfoury, Benjamin D. Horne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Evaluation of Importance of Central Effects of Atenolol and Metoprolol Measured by Heart Rate Variability During Mental Performance Tasks, Physical Exercise, and Daily Life in Stable Postinfarct Patients
Authors: Ype S. Tuininga, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Jan Brouwer, Maarten P. van den Berg, Arie J. Man in’t Veld, G. Mulder, K.I. Lie
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Physical exercise and mental work cause alterations in cardiac autonomic control. β-Blockers protect the heart against stress, and this effect may be in part centrally mediated. In this context, the lipophilicity of the drug would be clinically relevant. Methods and Results Thirty postinfarct patients were randomized to receive 100 mg atenolol or 200 mg metoprolol CR in a double-blind, crossover manner, each for a 6-week period. Heart rate (HR) variability was used to study autonomic effects during mental and physical stress and to study circadian variations. Mean 24-hour HR decreased from 77±7 to 60±6 beats per minute after atenolol and to 62±6 beats per minute after metoprolol ( P =.046). At baseline, mental performance tasks did not affect HR, but decreased HR variability (SDNN index from 51±26 to 30±13 milliseconds [ms], P &lt;.001; high-frequency power from 130±143 to 110±125 ms 2 , P =.046; and low-frequency power from 538±447 to 290±275 ms 2 , P &lt;.001). Both β-blockers decreased HR during mental performance tasks ( P &lt;.001) and increased SDNN index and high-frequency power. Before treatment, bicycle exercise decreased HR variability; root-mean-square of successive difference decreased from 21±8 to 15±10 ms ( P =.004). β-Blockade could not prevent this decrease. No differences between atenolol and metoprolol were observed for absolute high- and low-frequency power or after adjustment for HR. Vagal blockade with methylatropine during chronic β-blocker treatment nearly abolished all components of spectral power. HR was found to be the parameter most strongly affected by β-blockade but not by an influence on vagal tone. No differences were found between atenolol and metoprolol. Conclusions In stable postinfarct patients, chronic treatment with metoprolol and atenolol attenuates the reduction in HR variability induced by mental performance tasks, but the effects during exercise are limited. β-Blockers do not appear to increase vagal tone in this stable patient group. The point of action in these patients is mainly a reduction in HR, probably due to a reduction in stress-induced sympathetic activation. Clinically significant differences between atenolol and metoprolol were absent, indicating that the degree of lipophilicity does not distinguish among the β-blockers what their salutary effects are on HR variability during the specific challenges used.
Nerve growth factor modulates keratinocyte proliferation in murine skin organ culture
Authors: R. PAUS, M. LUFTL, B. M. CZARNETZKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary Despite the fact that several cell types residing in or travelling through the skin are targets and/or sources of nerve growth factor (NGF), little is known about the role of NGF in skin development, physiology and disease. Employing a previously defined skin organ culture assay for studying the proliferation of murine keratinocytes in their natural tissue environment, we have assessed the effect of murine NGF (7S) on keratinocyte proliferation in intact skin derived from two defined stages of the murine hair cycle. We found that 10–200 ng/ml NGF stimulated epidermal keratinocyte proliferation in organ-cultured C57 BL-6 mouse skin in the telogen phase of the hair cycle. Follicle keratinocyte proliferation was stimulated by 100 ng/ml NGF in telogen skin organ culture, but this concentration of NGF inhibited both epidermal and follicle keratinocyte proliferation in organ culture of anagen skin. The latter inhibitory effect of NGF was abrogated by co-incubation with neutralizing anti-NGF antibodies or with the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine. The proliferation-modulatory effects of NGF were associated with the induction of significant mast cell degranulation, and were inhibited by cromoglycate co-administration. This is the first report of a modulatory, hair cycle-dependent effect of NGF on keratinocyte proliferation in situ, which may require the presence of mast cells. Our study supports the notion of auto- and paracrine functions of NGF in murine skin physiology, which can be further assessed in the physiologically relevant mouse model delineated here.
Legitimise Sydney's injecting centre, says departing director
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The medical director of Australia’s only medically supervised injecting centre has called for it to be recognised as a legitimate health facility and for an end to its trial status.

Speaking on the eve of her departure from Sydney’s Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC), Ingrid van Beek said it was time to declare the seven year trial a success.

“I wholeheartedly support the ongoing rigorous evaluation and monitoring of health services to ensure their effectiveness, particularly in the illicit drugs area, as needs can change over time, but the MSIC’s apparently endless trial status is a barrier to its integration with the rest of the public health system,” she said.

“This affects …
A 36-Year-Old Woman Who Smokes Cigarettes
Authors: Nancy A. Rigotti
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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William Carlos Williams
Authors: R. A. Norton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

A BUSY pediatrician in Rutherford, New Jersey, William Carlos Williams has become during the past forty years one of the foremost American writers. He is noted for his fresh, unconventional poems, plays, novels and short stories.Williams became interested in writing and the arts at about the same time that he chose medicine as a profession. He decided that his artistic interest need not prevent his studying to be a doctor, and he went ahead with both. His first poem was written over fifty years ago, "born like a bolt out of the blue," he says. "From that moment I . . .
Choosing a collaborator
Authors: S. M Shalet
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Choosing a collaborator Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Discrimination of Myocardial Acute and Chronic (Scar) Infarctions on Delayed Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Intravascular Magnetic Resonance Contrast Media
Authors: Maythem Saeed, Oliver Weber, Randall Lee, Loi Do, Alastair Martin, David Saloner, Philip Ursell, Philippe Robert, Claire Corot, Charles B. Higgins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies multiple susceptibility loci for IgA nephropathy
Authors: Xue Qing Yu, Ming Li, Hong Zhang, Hui Qi Low, Xin Wei, Jin Quan Wang, Liang Dan Sun, Kar Seng Sim, Yi Li, Jia Nee Foo, Wei Wang, Zhi Jian Li, Xian Yong Yin, Xue Qing Tang, Li Fan, Jian Chen, Rong Shan Li, Jian Xin Wan, Zhang Suo Liu, Tan Qi Lou, Li Zhu, Xiao Jun Huang, Xue Jun Zhang, Zhi Hong Liu, Jian Jun Liu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)