tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-75: Oct7 is expressed in human gliomas and correlates with malignancy grade
Authors: Mohummad Aminur Rahman, Lina Leiss, Halala S. Saed, Christiane H. Gjerde, Mohammad S. Lellahi, Ercan Mutlu, Per Øyvind Enger
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The transcription factor Oct 7 (also called POU3f2/Brn2) is expressed during neurogenesis, and constitutes the CNS equivalent of Oct 4, a critical regulator of induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, data suggest its expression is regulated by hypoxia, and Oct 7 expression has been reported in malignant melanoma of the skin. Since both melanomas and CNS-malignancies arise in organs of neuroectodermal origin, we investigated whether human gliomas expressed Oct7. MATERIAL &amp; METHODS: We performed immunohistochemistry of 150 grade II-IV gliomas from our tumor bank, and subsequently performed western blots of 20 glioma samples. In addition, we performed flow cytometry analysis of Oct 7 expression in 5 acutely dissociated tumors. Using lentiviral transfection we established Oct7 overexpression in a panel of constitutively negative glioma cell lines, as well as knock-down in an Oct7 positive glioma cell line, to investigate the effect of Oct 7 expression on proliferation, migration and differentiation. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that Oct7 was almost uniformly expressed in human gliomas, although at a varying degree. Microscopy revealed a predominantly nuclear staining pattern, but cytoplasmic immunopositivity for Oct7 could also be detected in some tumors. Both western blot and flow cytometry confirmed expression of Oct7 in human gliomas. With two independent observers we obtained a nuclear staining index for all tumors, with 61% positive nuclei in GBM specimens, which was significantly higher than for grade II (37%) and grade III (36%) tumors (p= 0.0001). Moreover, ongoing studies suggest that overexpression of Oct7 increases the proportion of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that this transcription factor has a role in regulating tumor cell proliferation, and hence possibly overall tumor aggressiveness. Ongoing studies aim at further elucidating the multiple roles of Oct7 in brain tumor progression. Citation Format: Mohummad Aminur Rahman, Lina Leiss, Halala S. Saed, Christiane H. Gjerde, Mohammad S. Lellahi, Ercan Mutlu, Per Øyvind Enger. Oct7 is expressed in human gliomas and correlates with malignancy grade. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-75. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-75
Early acid–base and blood pressure effects of continuous renal replacement therapy intensity in patients with metabolic acidosis
Authors: Rinaldo Bellomo, Miklos Lipcsey, Paolo Calzavacca, Michael Haase, Anjia Haase-Fielitz, Elisa Licari, Augustine Tee, Louise Cole, Alan Cass, Simon Finfer, Martin Gallagher, Joanne Lee, Serigne Lo, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, John Myburgh, Carlos Scheinkestel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Family Practice in the United States
Authors: Robert Graham, Richard G. Roberts, Daniel J. Ostergaard, Norman B. Kahn, Jr, Perry A. Pugno, Larry A. Green
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Since family practice was first recognized as a specialty in the late 1960s, considerable intellectual and organizational change has occurred in medicine, especially during the 1990s. To reflect on and reconsider the role of family practice in US health care, this article reviews the development of family practice as a specialty, provides a current assessment of the status of family medicine in the United States, and comments on issues that are of ongoing importance to family practice.
Corticosterone Metabolism and Effects on Angiotensin II Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Michael E. Ullian, Lyle G. Walsh
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract It has been postulated that mineralocorticoids can bind to corticosteroid receptors in the kidney, because glucocorticoids are metabolized to inactive compounds. The present study was performed to delineate glucocorticoid metabolism by rat vascular tissue and to determine the activity of these metabolites. Vascular segments converted 25% to 30% of corticosterone (compound B), the major glucocorticoid in the rat, to 11-dehydrocorticosterone (compound A) but not to aldosterone or 6β-hydroxycorticosterone. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, 10% of compound B was converted to compound A, whereas &gt;60% of compound A was converted to compound B. The 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone (1 μmol/L) completely blocked conversion in both directions. Whereas 6β-hydroxycorticosterone did not upregulate angiotensin II receptor binding (a marker for corticosteroid action in vascular smooth muscle), compound A caused concentration-dependent upregulation. Compound A was almost (75%) as effective and as potent as compound B in upregulating angiotensin II binding. Upregulation elicited by exposure to compound A persisted in the presence of 1 μmol/L carbenoxolone, which completely prevented the conversion of compound A to compound B. Compound A, even in the presence of carbenoxolone, effected other glucocorticoid actions by inhibiting cell growth and potentiating angiotensin II–stimulated inositol phosphate formation. In summary, compound B and compound A are interconverted in vascular tissue, and the latter displays significant glucocorticoid action. The concentration excess of compound B in the circulation and the activity of its metabolite compound A will make it difficult for mineralocorticoids to gain access to corticosteroid receptors in the vasculature.
CLINICAL AND EEG STUDIES IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE STATES
Authors: B. L. PACELLA, P. POLATIN, S. H. NAGLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

1. A series of 31 patients presenting as a dominant feature in their clinical picture obsessive-compulsive phenomena were studied clinically and electroencephalographically. Twenty-four of these cases were classifiable as psychoneurotic, obsessive-compulsive type, 2 as epileptic and the remaining 5 as schizophrenia. 2. Twenty of the total of 31 patients, or 64 per cent, exhibited patterns which were classifiable as abnormal. Of these 20 cases 14 showed serial 2-4 cps potentials of high amplitude either before or after a two minutes period of hyperventilation. Approximately 29 per cent of the obsessive-compulsive patients studied exhibited records which were classified as definitely normal. 3. The greatest incidence of records exhibiting electrocortical dysfunction occurred in the age group below 30 years of age. 4. Approximately 35 per cent of the entire group gave definite positive histories of psychopathy in the family. Of the cases showing electrocortical dysfunction 40 per cent gave positive histories while of the patients showing no ERG abnormalities 27 per cent gave positive family histories.
A Small Portable Digital-Analogue Device for Electrocardiographic Screening
Authors: Weldon J. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The electrocardiogram is probably the most effective screening device in the United States for the recognizing of latent heart disease in middleaged persons.<sup>1,2</sup>The increased effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy, as well as a clearer definition of the risk factors in coronary atherosclerosis, suggests that earlier recognition of patients with chronic heart disease would afford a fruitful area for constructive, preventive medicine. The expense of taking and mounting the ECG, as well as the time lag in obtaining expert interpretation, makes the use of routine electrocardiography impractical in many insurance, employment screening, and "check-up" examinations. A device able to select persons with electrocardiographic abnormalities at the time of the original examination would allow these individuals to be identified and scheduled for more extensive cardiovascular evaluation without delay and without compromising physician time with the majority who are not cardiac-disease suspects. <h3>Method</h3> The present study was designed to test the ability
Alveolar Permeability and Liquid Absorption during Partial Liquid Ventilation of Rats with Perflubron
Authors: JEAN-DAMIEN RICARD, LAURENT MARTIN-LEFÈVRE, DIDIER DREYFUSS, GEORGES SAUMON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We examined the effect of instilled perflubron (LiquiVent) on the transport properties of alveolar epithelium in anesthetized rats. Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (1 to 4 ml) containing 125I-albumin, [3H]mannitol and [14C]sucrose was instilled into airspaces either alone (n = 29), or with 1 (n = 21) or 2 (n = 12) ml perflubron and sampled 30 min later. Absorption was deduced from the changes in 125I-albumin activity per unit volume in the airspace instillate, and changes in [3H]mannitol and [14C]sucrose activity per unit volume were used to evaluate the passive permeability of the alveolar–airway barrier. The rate of Ringer absorption depended on the volume instilled [0.38 (ml/h)/ml Ringer]. Perflubron (1 or 2 ml) increased Ringer absorption by 0.26 (p < 0.001) and 0.19 ml/h (p < 0.05), respectively. However, 2 ml perflubron increased absorption less than did the same additional volume of Ringer (p < 0.001). The passive permeability of the alveolar–airway barrier increased exponentially with instilled Ringer volume. Sucrose/mannitol size selectivity was lost when Ringer volume was > 2 ml and albumin leaked from airspaces when it was 4 ml. Instillation of 2 ml perflubron prevented this increase in permeability, but 1 ml did not. No albumin leaked with perflubron even when the total volume of liquid in airspaces (Ringer + perflubron) was > 4 ml. These results suggest that perflubron can be beneficial in pulmonary edema by redistributing the alveolar liquid over a larger surface area, thus accelerating resorption. In addition, larger doses of perflubron may better preserve epithelial permeability during alveolar flooding. Ricard J-D, Martin-Lefèvre L, Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Alveolar permeability and liquid absorption during partial liquid ventilation of rats with perflubron.
Disordered purinergic signaling and abnormal cellular metabolism are associated with development of liver cancer in<i>Cd39/Entpd1</i>null Mice
Authors: Xiaofeng Sun, Lihui Han, Pankaj Seth, Shu Bian, Linglin Li, Eva Csizmadia, Wolfgang G. Junger, Moritz Schmelzle, Anny Usheva, Elliot B. Tapper, Gyorgy Baffy, Vikas P. Sukhatme, Yan Wu, Simon C. Robson
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Liver cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, which is linked to immune dysregulation, disordered metabolism, and aberrant cell proliferation. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine. These properties inhibit antitumor immune responses and promote angiogenesis, being permissive for the growth of transplanted tumors. Here we show that Cd39 deletion promotes development of both induced and spontaneous autochthonous liver cancer in mice. Loss of Cd39 results in higher concentrations of extracellular nucleotides, which stimulate proliferation of hepatocytes, abrogate autophagy, and disrupt glycolytic metabolism. Constitutive activation of Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K1 pathways occurs in both quiescent Cd39 null hepatocytes in vitro and liver tissues in vivo . Exogenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) boosts these signaling pathways, whereas rapamycin inhibits such aberrant responses in hepatocytes. Conclusion : Deletion of Cd39 and resulting changes in disordered purinergic signaling perturb hepatocellular metabolic/proliferative responses, paradoxically resulting in malignant transformation. These findings might impact adjunctive therapies for cancer. Our studies indicate that the biology of autochthonous and transplanted tumors is quite distinct. (Hepatology 2013)
Prevention of Premature Discontinuation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Stents
Authors: Cindy L. Grines, Robert O. Bonow, Donald E. Casey, Timothy J. Gardner, Peter B. Lockhart, David J. Moliterno, Patrick O’Gara, Patrick Whitlow
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine has been shown to reduce cardiac events after coronary stenting. However, many patients and healthcare providers prematurely discontinue dual antiplatelet therapy, which greatly increases the risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. This advisory stresses the importance of 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after placement of a drug-eluting stent and educating the patient and healthcare providers about hazards of premature discontinuation. It also recommends postponing elective surgery for 1 year, and if surgery cannot be deferred, considering the continuation of aspirin during the perioperative period in high-risk patients with drug-eluting stents.
THE PROGRESS AND RESULTS OF PATHOLOGIC WORK.
Authors: W. WATSON CHEYNE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

To trace the history of pathology during the last sixty years would be to follow the science practically from its commencement and to go back to a state of matters which it is almost impossible for us now to realize. Even going back twenty-five years, the changes which have taken place are enormous. At that time the lectures on pathology consisted practically entirely of morbid anatomy—long descriptions, for the most part very accurate and not materially different at the present day, were given of the naked-eye appearances of the diseased parts, but as to how or why these changes were brought about hardly any reference was made. Indeed, very little was known, and when an explanation was attempted it was generally of a mechanical or physical character. At the present time, while of course the changes which take place in disease must be known, the study of pathology is especially
Predicting Hematoma Expansion After Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: H. Bart Brouwers, Yuchiao Chang, Guido J. Falcone, Xuemei Cai, Alison M. Ayres, Thomas W. K. Battey, Anastasia Vashkevich, Kristen A. McNamara, Valerie Valant, Kristin Schwab, Susannah C. Orzell, Linda M. Bresette, Steven K. Feske, Natalia S. Rost, Javier M. Romero, Anand Viswanathan, Sherry H.-Y. Chou, Steven M. Greenberg, Jonathan Rosand, Joshua N. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Many clinical trials focus on restricting hematoma expansion following acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but selecting those patients at highest risk of hematoma expansion is challenging.To develop a prediction score for hematoma expansion in patients with primary ICH.Prospective cohort study at 2 urban academic medical centers among patients having primary ICH with available baseline and follow-up computed tomography for volumetric analysis (817 patients in the development cohort and 195 patients in the independent validation cohort).Hematoma expansion was assessed using semiautomated software and was defined as more than 6 mL or 33% growth. Covariates were tested for association with hematoma expansion using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. A 9-point prediction score was derived based on the regression estimates and was subsequently tested in the independent validation cohort.Hematoma expansion occurred in 156 patients (19.1%). In multivariable analysis, predictors of expansion were as follows: warfarin sodium use, the computed tomography angiography spot sign, and shorter time to computed tomography (≤ 6 vs >6 hours) (P < .001 for all), as well as baseline ICH volume (<30 [reference], 30-60 [P = .03], and >60 [P = .005] mL). The incidence of hematoma expansion steadily increased with higher scores. In the independent validation cohort (n = 195), our prediction score performed well and showed strong association with hematoma expansion (odds ratio, 4.59; P < .001 for a high vs low score). The C statistics for the score were 0.72 for the development cohort and 0.77 for the independent validation cohort.A 9-point prediction score for hematoma expansion was developed and independently validated. The results open a path for individualized treatment and trial design in ICH aimed at patients at highest risk of hematoma expansion with maximum potential for therapeutic benefit.
Evaluating the Quality of Articles Published in Journal Supplements Compared With the Quality of Those Published in the Parent Journal
Authors: Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine the relationship between the quality of articles and whether they were published in a supplement or in the parent journal. <h3>Data Sources and Study Selection.</h3> —All randomized control trials of drug therapies in adults published in the<i>American Journal of Cardiology</i>, the<i>American Journal of Medicine</i>, and the<i>American Heart Journal</i>from January 1990 and obtained in November 1992 by means of a MEDLINE search. A total of 318 abstracts appeared to meet our inclusion criteria, and these articles were obtained and reviewed in further detail. An additional 76 were excluded. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Three reviewers who were "blinded" and thus unaware of supplement status independently assessed the quality of each of the remaining 242 articles according to a standard quality scoring system. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Overall, 67 (27.7%) of the articles were published in journal supplements. Article quality scores ranged from 4.2% to 87.5%, with a mean (±SD) score of 37.2%±13.1%. Quality scores were lower in articles published in journal supplements than in those published in the parent journal (t[240]=2.61,<i>P</i>=.01). The mean quality score for articles published in journal supplements was 33.6%±12.8% compared with a score of 38.5%±13.1% for articles published in the parent journal. Supplement articles included in their final analysis a smaller proportion of the patients initially randomized (t[75]=2.8,<i>P</i>=.007). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Our findings suggest that randomized control trials published in journal supplements are generally of inferior quality compared with articles published in the parent journal. The review process surrounding the publication of journal supplements should be consistent with that of the parent journal. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:108-113)
Breast Cancer Survivors Often Meet Multiple Criteria for Lymphedema.
Authors: J. Armer, B. Stewart, R. Shook
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction:Assessment and diagnosis of lymphedema (LE) has been problematic, in part due to the fact that various measurement approaches and criteria have been applied. This analysis examines four different criteria for diagnosing lymphedema among breast cancer survivors. Recent scientific literature reports that anywhere from 6 to 30 percent (Petrek and Heelan, 1998) or 6 to 62.5 percent (Passik, 1998) of the breast cancer population has LE. The discrepancies among the reported percentages stem from difficulties in measurement, diagnosis, and follow-up (Petrek and Heelan, 1998, Passik, 1998, Rockson, 1998, Meek, 1998, Armer and Stewart, 2005, Hayes et al., 2008). Traditionally, finding &amp;gt;2cm difference in limb girth between the affected and non-affected limbs warranted clinical diagnosis of LE (Callaway, 1988, Armer and Stewart, 2005). Measuring a 200 ml limb volume difference or a 10 percent limb volume change (LVC) from baseline and/or between limbs as well as self-reported signs and symptoms are also documented methods of LE diagnosis (Petlund, 1991, Armer and Stewart, 2005).Methods:Participants were enrolled post-breast cancer diagnosis but pre-surgery, and followed every 3 months for 12 months, then every 6 months until 2.5 years post-surgery. Limb volume changes (LVC) were measured using: (a) circumferences via tape measure at 4 cm intervals, (b) infra-red laser perometry, and (c) symptom experience (SS) via interview. Four diagnostic criteria for LE were used: (i) 2cm circumferential change; (ii) 200 mL perometry LVC; (iii) 10% perometry LVC; and (iv) self-report of limb heaviness/swelling.Results:In this cohort, 84% met at least one criterion to identify lymphedema by 2.5 years post-treatment (Figure 1). The most common single criterion met was 2-cm circumferential change (25%). When examining meeting multiple criteria, 13% of participants met the combination of 200mL LVC, 10% LVC, and 2cm change. In addition, 11% of participants met all four lymphedema criteria by 2.5 years post treatment.Conclusions:This analysis demonstrates breast cancer survivors who develop lymphedema often meet multiple criteria for the condition. We found 62% of those with lymphedema met two or more criteria used in this analysis, and 31% met three or more criteria. The most common criterion to identify lymphedema, either alone or associated with one or more criteria, was 2 cm circumference change (77%), while 10% LVC was least likely to be met (26%). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2074.
Schistosomiasis and Praziquantel
Authors: Z. FARID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1984Schistosomiasis and PraziquantelZ. FARID, M.D., B. TRABOLSI, M.D., M. STEK, M.D.Z. FARID, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. TRABOLSI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. STEK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-882_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Last year, in commenting on a review article on praziquantel published in your journal (1), we reported excellent results obtained by treatingSchistosoma haematobiuminfection in children with a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (2). Indeed, this low dose was subsequently also found to be adequate in relieving urinary obstructive lesions caused byS. haematobiuminfection (3). In the same letter, we emphasized the unsuccessful treatment ofS. mansoniinfection in Egyptian children with praziquantel, even when using a higher single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight; instead, we suggested treating them with three...References1. PEARSON R and GUERRANT R. Praziquantel: a major advance in anthelmintic therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:195-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FARID Z and WALLACE C. Schistosomiasis and praziquantel [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:883. LinkGoogle Scholar3. FARID Z, EL MASRY N, BASSILY S, TRABOLSI B, and WALLACE C. Treatment of bilharzial obstructive uropathy with praziquantel. J Infect Dis. 1984;150:307-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Z. FARID, M.D.; B. TRABOLSI, M.D.; M. STEK, M.D.Affiliations: U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Abbassia Fever Hospital Ministry of Health Cairo, Egypt PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCombined praziquantel-oxamniquine treatment of schistosomiasis 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 882-882KeywordsBody weightChildrenLesionsPediatric infectionsSchistosomiasisUrinary tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...