tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Crustacean Penaeus monodon: Are Malacostracan Crustaceans More Closely Related to Insects than to Branchiopods?
Authors: Kate Wilson, Valma Cahill, Elizabeth Ballment, John Benzie
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca), is presented. The gene content and gene order are identical to those observed in Drosophila yakuba. The overall AT composition is lower than that observed in the known insect mitochondrial genomes, but higher than that observed in the other two crustaceans for which complete mitochondrial sequence is available. Analysis of the effect of nucleotide bias on codon composition across the Arthropoda reveals a trend with the crustaceans represented showing the lowest proportion of AT-rich codons in mitochondrial protein genes. Phylogenetic analysis among arthropods using concatenated protein-coding sequences provides further support for the possibility that Crustacea are paraphyletic. Furthermore, in contrast to data from the nuclear gene EF1alpha, the first complete sequence of a malacostracan mitochondrial genome supports the possibility that Malacostraca are more closely related to Insecta than to Branchiopoda.
347 Overexpression of the Wnt/frizzled signal's members: A common and early event in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: A. Bengochea, M. De Souza, L. Lefrancois, C. Trepo, M. Kim, J.R. Wands, P. Hainaut, J.Y. Scoazec, L. Vitvitski, P. Merle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Gasoline Immersion Burn
Authors: William A. Walsh, Francis J. Scarpa, Robert S. Brown, Keith W. Ashcraft, Vernon A. Green, Thomas M. Holder, Raymond A. Amoury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

DESPITE its widespread use, there are few reports of injuries after prolonged immersion in gasoline.Case ReportA 12-year-old boy was trapped for an hour under an overturned tractor. His clothing was saturated as he lay partially immersed in a pool of leaded gasoline. There were no flames.He was hypotensive and agitated and had a burn, resembling a scald, of 50 per cent of the body surface. There was no apparent intra-abdominal or crush injury. Hematuria occurred and cleared promptly. Complete blood count, urea nitrogen, initial chest x-ray films and blood level were normal.Abdominal tenderness, nonoliguric renal failure . . .
Abstract 2171: Human FLCN delays cell cycle progression through late S and G2/M-phases: Effect of phosphorylation and tumor-associated mutations
Authors: Laura A. Laviolette, Jonas Wilson, Julia Koller, Michael Zimmer, Othon Iliopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome has clinical features that include the development of skin fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts, and renal neoplasia. Renal tumors occur in approximately one third of individuals with BHD. The gene responsible for BHD syndrome is Folliculin (FLCN), which encodes a 68kD phosphoprotein (FLCN). One allele of the FLCN gene is mutated in the germline of &amp;gt;90% of BHD patients and somatic mutations or loss of the wild type FLCN allele are observed in the renal tumors of patients with BHD, suggesting that FLCN acts as a tumor suppressor protein. The human renal cell carcinoma cell line UOK257, derived from a patient with a germline mutation in the FLCN gene, harbors a truncated version of the FLCN protein. Reconstitution of the wild type FLCN protein into the FLCN-deficient UOK257 cells decreased their proliferation rate. Here we tested whether this difference in cell proliferation rate may be partly attributed to the effect of FLCN on cell cycle progression. We synchronized FLCN-deficient UOK257 cells and their isogenic, wild type or mutant FLCN counterparts, by double thymidine block and followed cell cycle progression after release. UOK257 cells expressing wild type FLCN exhibited a slower progression through the late S and G2/M-phases of the cell cycle compared to the vector only controls (FLCN-deficient). The reintroduction of tumor-associated FLCN mutants failed to delay cell cycle progression in UOK257 cells, indicating that the effect of wild type FLCN on cell cycle progression may contribute to its tumor suppressor function. FLCN phosphorylation on serines S62 and S73 fluctuates throughout the cell cycle and peaks in cells arrested at the G2/M boundary following treatment with nocodazole. In keeping with this observation, the reintroduction of a FLCN S62/73 phosphomimetic mutant into the UOK257 cell line resulted in faster progression through the cell cycle compared to those expressing the wild type FLCN protein. These findings suggest that orderly changes in FLCN phosphorylation during the cell cycle are linked to and may be required for its effect on cell cycle progression and possibly its activity as a tumor suppressor protein. We expect that these studies will provide insight into the role of FLCN in kidney tumorigenesis and will identify putative new targets for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2171. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2171
Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: A J Czaja, M D Strettell, L J Thomson, P J Santrach, S B Moore, P T Donaldson, R Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Susceptibility for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis has been associated with the major histocompatibility alleles DRB1*0301, DRB3*0101, DRB1*0401, and DRB4*0103, whereas the DRB1*1501 allele may protect from the disease. Our aim was to determine if these alleles or others influence clinical manifestations and prognosis. Eighty-six white patients were evaluated prospectively for immune features and outcomes. Class I alleles were determined by microlymphocytotoxicity, and class II alleles were assessed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes or sequence-specific primers. One hundred two white, normal subjects were typed in the same fashion. Patients with concurrent immunologic diseases were more commonly positive for DRB4*0103 than patients without these features (68% vs. 38%, P = .01). DRB1*0301 (86% vs. 45%, P = .008) and the DRB1*0301-DRB3*0101 haplotype (79% vs. 42%, P = .02) occurred more commonly in patients who deteriorated during corticosteroid therapy. In contrast, DRB1*0401 and the DRB1*0401-DRB4*0103 haplotype were associated with a lower frequency of death from liver failure or the need for transplantation than patients with other alleles (0% vs. 37%, P = .03). Patients with DRB1*0301 differed from those with DRB1*0401 in that they were younger and failed treatment more commonly (27% vs. 5%, P = .04). We conclude that alleles associated with susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis also influence its clinical features and prognosis. DRB4*0103 is associated with concurrent immune diseases, DRB1*0301 with a poor treatment response, and DRB1*0401 with a lower frequency of hepatic death or transplantation.
Antisense inhibition of gene expression and growth in gram-negative bacteria by cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids targeted to rpoD gene
Authors: Hui Bai, Yu You, Hua Yan, Jingru Meng, Xiaoyan Xue, Zheng Hou, Ying Zhou, Xue Ma, Guojun Sang, Xiaoxing Luo
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: possible role of digoxin in its prevention.
Authors: D Guthrie, A L Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Twenty-nine patients with gynaecological cancers who received over 400 mg of doxorubicin were monitored electrocardiographically to determine whether cardiac glycosides countered the adverse effects of high total doses of doxorubicin. Minor electrocardiographical changes were noted in five out of six patients who were not receiving a cardiac glycoside and four out of six who were receiving ouabain, and none of the 16 who were receiving digoxin. One other patient on digoxin stopped taking it and developed cardiomyopathy. One patient on ouabain also developed cardiomyopathy. So far nine patients on digoxin have received between 550 and 1000 mg/m2 of doxorubicin without ill effect. Cardiac glycosides are thought to prevent doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by competitively inhibiting doxorubicin at its receptor sites, but ouabain has a much shorter half life than doxorubicin and its metabolites and so is less effective than digoxin.
Hemoglobin A1c in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Joseph M. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The usefulness of determining hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>(HbA<sub>1c</sub>) levels during pregnancy was evaluated. In contrast to previous reports, the HbA<sub>1c</sub>values did not predict abnormal maternal glucose tolerance or infant birth weight. They did, however, correlate with long-term control of the diabetes of pregnant insulin-dependent patients. The slight decrease in HbA<sub>1c</sub>values observed as pregnancy advanced was secondary to improved control of diabetes. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2785-2787, 1979)
Simpson and Syme of Edinburgh
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The middle third of the 19th century saw a rapid development in medicine and surgery. A great change took place, involving the introduction of new ideas, and this in turn entailed a conflict between the new and the old. The drama inherent in the transformation comes out vividly in this new biographical study, which takes up the careers of two Edinburgh physicians, James Syme and Sir James Simpson. Syme was the leading surgeon of Edinburgh (if not of all Great Britain) — a crusty and quarrelsome person, yet reserved and enigmatic, innovative in many ways, oppressively conservative in others. Simpson, primarily an obstetrician, won lasting fame by introducing chloroform as an anesthetic agent. He was a much more exuberant and extroverted figure, and quite a foil to Syme. The two men were rivals in many ways, and hard feelings unfortunately developed. Shepherd presents well-rounded biographical studies of these two outstanding
Molecular basis of the alteration in skin collagen metabolism in response to in vivo dexamethasone treatment: effects on the synthesis of collagen type I and III, collagenase, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
Authors: Y. Oishi, Z.W. Fu, Y. Ohnuki, H. Kato, T. Noguchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Glucocorticoids are widely used for the treatment of various diseases, despite known side-effects such as skin atrophy. Many studies have shown that the status of collagen fibres in the skin is affected by glucocorticoid treatment. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the alteration of collagen metabolism in the skin by glucocorticoid treatment remains unknown.To characterize the molecular mechanisms related to the deterioration of the dermis in response to glucocorticoids, the status of two major types of collagen, collagenase, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the dorsal skin of rats was studied at the protein and mRNA levels.Samples of rat dorsal skin were obtained after daily (1 mg kg-1) subcutaneous injections of dexamethasone (DEX) for 8 days. mRNA levels of two types of collagen and of TIMPs were measured by a lysate RNase protection assay. mRNA levels of collagenase were measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of collagen and collagenase were measured by an immunoblot analysis.Levels of type I tropocollagen and type III tropocollagen were drastically reduced in response to DEX. The effects of DEX treatment were more severe on type III than type I collagen: it also produced a significant decrease in fibril collagen of type III collagen. DEX treatment was found to decrease both active and latent forms of collagenase as well as its mRNA levels. Among TIMPs, mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were decreased in response to DEX treatment, whereas those of TIMP-3 were not affected.These results suggest that DEX treatment strongly interferes with both the synthesis and degradation of type I collagen and, more drastically, type III collagen, the molecule that is known to play a major role in the initiation of wound healing. The present study may provide a molecular basis for the deterioration of skin function, impaired wound healing, and skin atrophy caused by glucocorticoid treatment.
Examining Holistic Medicine
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book is dynamite, an absolute smash! It lays bare holistic medicine as constituting not a distinct concept of medicine, but instead a melange of banalities, truisms, exaggerations, and falsehoods, overlaid with disparagement not only of scientific conclusions but of logical reason itself. The noble rhetoric of holistic medicine is separated from its ignoble performance: a mixture of lucrative diagnostic tests that don't diagnose and of therapies that not only don't work but often harm. A mixture of the primitive, the unscientific, and the irrational, holistic medicine is disrobed in this book as the ultimate consumer fraud— snake oil medicine. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 examines "engineers, cranks, physicians, and magicians," the "first holistic revolution" over a century ago and all the harm it did, and holistic nursing. Part 2 examines the holistic pseudophilosophy, including distortion of the concept of personal responsibility for health into a
Use of Diuretics in the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Max Wishnofsky
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In an article entitled "A New Concept in the Treatment of Obesity" (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:50 [Oct 5] 1963) by Gordon and co-workers, the following statement is made: "... obese human subjects have a diminished glomerular filtration rate, an elevated titer in blood, of posterior pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and a markedly reduced renal clearance of water. In addition, they manifest a defect in renal clearance of sodium...." Accordingly, the authors advocate the use of diuretics and mild restriction of salt in the treatment of obesity. The curve of weight loss in the vast majority of obese individuals in negative caloric balance is not linear, but is a series of ups and downs with frequent periods of no apparent weight change. As has been demonstrated, these irregularities are intimately associated with the storage and release of relatively large quantities of water. The fact that both retention and release of
Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Michael Jacobson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 January 1997Prevention of Venous Thrombosis in Knee ArthroplastyMichael Jacobson, MD, MPHMichael Jacobson, MD, MPHLenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a randomized trial [1], Leclerc and colleagues compared postoperative, fixed-dose enoxaparin (a low-molecular-weight heparin) with adjusted-dose warfarin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty. Enoxaparin was more effective in preventing deep venous thrombosis, as detected by venography. However, no statistically significant difference was seen between the two treatments in the incidence of proximal deep venous thrombosis or major bleeding.The study design was biased in favor of enoxaparin. Therapy with oral warfarin was begun on the evening after surgery; therapy with subcutaneous enoxaparin was started on the morning after. Although low-molecular-weight heparin therapy was ...REFERENCE1. Leclerc JR, Geerts WH, Desjardins L, Laflamme GH, l'Esperance B, Demers C, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:619-26. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Jacobson, MD, MPHAffiliations: Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 173KeywordsArthroplastyDeep vein thrombosisHemorrhageHeparinKneesLow molecular weight heparinRandomized trialsSurgeryVeinsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Using an S-shaped Sphincterotome in Patients with a Billroth II or Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy
Authors: R. E. Hintze, W. Veltzke, A. Adler, H. Abou-Rebyeh
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Some patients admitted for endoscopy present a gastrojejunostomy with a Billroth II anastomosis or Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The gastrointestinal reconstruction hampers endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of the biliary and pancreatic tract. The present paper describes a new procedure facilitating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients who have undergone gastrojejunostomy.ERCP was attempted in 65 patients with gastrojejunostomy. A conventional side-viewing endoscope was advanced into the duodenal stump, and a modified catheter was pushed through the endoscope. The cutting wire of the modified catheter winds round the catheter at a pivotal point between the catheter's proximal and distal holes. This allows the catheter tip to be forced into an S-shape when the wire is pulled. Since the cutting wire can easily be adjusted to the papillary roof, safe and successful endoscopic sphincterotomy can be carried out.We were able to advance the conventional side-viewing endoscope into the duodenal stump in 92% of the patients (n = 59) with Billroth II gastrojejunostomies, and in 33% of the patients (n = 6) with Roux-en-Y anastomoses. Whenever it was possible to reach the duodenal stump, cannulation and sphincterotomy of the papilla of Vater was successful. Ninety-six percent of the patients who underwent sphincterotomy (n = 54) immediately benefited from biliary decompression. One major complication occurred, with a patient suffering a retroperitoneal perforation during endoscopic sphincterotomy; the patient later died, despite three subsequent surgical operations.In spite of previous gastrojejunostomy, most patients with Billroth II anastomoses (92%) and many patients with Roux-en-Y reconstructions (33%) can be treated endoscopically for biliary diseases. The use of a conventional side-viewing endoscope in conjunction with an S-shaped sphincterotome can be recommended. This allows safe and successful endoscopic treatment of all patients in whom endoscopic access to the papilla of Vater is possible.
United airways again: high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps in bronchiectasis
Authors: J. M. Guilemany, J. Angrill, I. Alobid, S. Centellas, L. Pujols, J. Bartra, M. Bernal‐Sprekelsen, A. Valero, C. Picado, J. Mullol
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Although various relationships between the lower and upper airways have been found, the association of bronchiectasis with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study was undertaken to examine the association of idiopathic and postinfective bronchiectasis with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Methods: In a prospective study, 56 patients with idiopathic and 32 with postinfective bronchiectasis were evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis by using EP 3 OS criteria and assessing: symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, sinonasal and chest CT scan, nasal and lung function and nasal and exhaled NO. Results: Most bronchiectasis patients (77%) satisfied the EP 3 OS criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis, with anterior (98.5%) and posterior (91%) rhinorrhea and nasal congestion (90%) being the major symptoms. Patients presented maxillary, ethmoidal and ostiomeatal complex occupancy with a total CT score of 8.4 ± 0.4 (0–24). Using endoscopy, nasal polyps with a moderate score of 1.6 ± 0.1 (0–3) were found in 25% of patients. Nasal NO was significantly lower in patients with nasal polyposis (347 ± 62 ppb) than in those without them (683 ± 76 ppb; P &lt; 0.001), and inversely correlated ( R = −0.36; P &lt; 0.01) with the ostiomeatal complex occupancy. In the chest CT scan, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis showed a higher bronchiectasis severity score (7.2 ± 0.5; P &lt; 0.001) than patients without (3.7 ± 0.7). The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps and other outcomes were similar in idiopathic and postinfective bronchiectasis. Conclusions: The frequent association of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis with idiopathic and postinfective BQ supports the united airways concept, and it suggests that the two type of bronchiectasis share common etiopathogenic mechanisms.
Quality of Discharge Practices and Patient Understanding at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Leora I. Horwitz, John P. Moriarty, Christine Chen, Robert L. Fogerty, Ursula C. Brewster, Sandhya Kanade, Boback Ziaeian, Grace Y. Jenq, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> With growing national focus on reducing readmissions, there is a need to comprehensively assess the quality of transitional care, including discharge practices, patient perspectives, and patient understanding. <h3>Objective</h3> To conduct a multifaceted evaluation of transitional care from a patient-centered perspective. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective observational cohort study, May 2009 through April 2010. <h3>Setting</h3> Urban, academic medical center. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients 65 years and older discharged home after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, or pneumonia. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Discharge practices, including presence of follow-up appointment and patient-friendly discharge instructions; patient understanding of diagnosis and follow-up appointment; and patient perceptions of and satisfaction with discharge care. <h3>Results</h3> The 395 enrolled patients (66.7% of those eligible) had a mean age of 77.2 years. Although 349 patients (95.6%) reported understanding the reason they had been in the hospital, only 218 patients (59.6%) were able to accurately describe their diagnosis in postdischarge interviews. Discharge instructions routinely included symptoms to watch out for (98.4%), activity instructions (97.3%), and diet advice (89.7%) in lay language; however, 99 written reasons for hospitalization (26.3%) did not use language likely to be intelligible to patients. Of the 123 patients (32.6%) discharged with a scheduled primary care or cardiology appointment, 54 (43.9%) accurately recalled details of either appointment. During postdischarge interviews, 118 patients (30.0%) reported receiving less than 1 day's advance notice of discharge, and 246 (66.1%) reported that staff asked whether they would have the support they needed at home before discharge. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Patient perceptions of discharge care quality and self-rated understanding were high, and written discharge instructions were generally comprehensive although not consistently clear. However, follow-up appointments and advance discharge planning were deficient, and patient understanding of key aspects of postdischarge care was poor. Patient perceptions and written documentation do not adequately reflect patient understanding of discharge care.