tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unicef and baby food manufacturers
Authors: C. Bellamy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This article presents the response of Carol Bellamy, executive director of the UN International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), to the article by Yamey about the alliances UNICEF is seeking to form with manufacturers of infant formula that do not comply with the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. Bellamy confirms that UNICEF will continue to refuse donations from manufacturers of infant formula whose marketing practices violate this code and subsequent World Health Assembly resolutions. It is noted that there has been considerable discussion within the organization regarding this issue. This emerged when UNICEF participated in discussions with five large pharmaceutical companies on the possibility of obtaining various drugs to fight HIV/AIDS at discounted prices on behalf of developing countries. One of these companies is widely viewed as violating the code. This has been misinterpreted as a sign that UNICEF is weakening its support for breast-feeding and the code. However, Bellamy indicates that UNICEF believes that in the face of AIDS, their support for breast-feeding must be strengthened, not diminished. At the same time, UNICEF will uphold its support of the code and will continue to call violators of the code to account publicly.
Regulation of Bile Salt Transport in Rat Liver
Authors: Francis R. Simon, Eileen M. Sutherland, Manuel Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Expansion of the bile salt pool size in rats increases maximum excretory capacity for taurocholate. We examined whether increased bile salt transport is due to recruitment of centrolobular transport units or rather to adaptive changes in the hepatocyte. Daily sodium cholate (100 mg/100 g body wt) was administered orally to rats. This treatment was well tolerated for at least 4 d and produced an 8.2-fold expansion of the bile salt pool. This expanded pool consisted predominently (99%) of cholic and deoxycholic acids. Significantly increased bile salt transport was not observed until 16 h after bile acid loading, and maximum elevations of transport capacity to 2.3-fold of control required ∼2 d. In contrast, maximum sulfobromophthalein excretion rates increased 2.2-fold as early as 4 h and actually fell to 1.5-fold increase at 4 d. We studied the possibility that this adaptive increase in bile salt secretory transport was due to changes in canalicular surface membrane area, lipid composition, or increased number of putative carriers. Canalicular membrane protein recovery and the specific activities of leucine aminopeptidase, Mg++-ATPase and 5′-nucleotidase activities were unaltered by bile salt pool expansion. The content of free and esterified cholesterol and total phospholipids was unchanged in liver surface membrane fractions compared with control values. In contrast, sodium cholate administration selectively increased specific [14C]cholic acid binding sites twofold in liver surface membrane fractions. Increased numbers of [14C]cholic acid receptors (a) was associated with the time-dependent increase in bile salt transport, and (b) was selective for the taurine conjugate of cholate and (c) was reduced by chenodeoxycholate. Changes in bile acid binding sites 16 h following taurocholate and chenodeoxycholate and the lack of change with glycocholate was associated with comparable changes in bile salt transport. In conclusion, selective bile salts increase bile salt transport in the liver through an adaptive increase in the density of putative bile acid carriers in liver surface membrane.
CMAJ
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16565: Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients with no Worsening, but Non-Significant Improvement in Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume following Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Eline A Mooyaart, Rutger J van Bommel, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Nina A Marsan, Victoria Delgado, Eduard L Holman, Don Poldermans, Ernst E van der Wall, Martin J Schalij, Jeroen J Bax
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is a well established treatment for patients with heart failure. A decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) has been proposed t...
Abstract 12580: Inability to Exercise or an Inconclusive Exercise Test Are Prognostically Equivalent to a Positive Exercise Test in Patients With Recent Onset Suspected Cardiac Chest Pain.
Authors: Satheesh Balakrishnan Nair, Sanoj Chacko, Tahir Hamid, Mamas Mamas, Wajdi Turkie, Rajdeep Khattar
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Treadmill exercise electrocardiography (ExECG) remains a commonly used first line investigation for the diagnostic evaluation of suspected cardiac chest pain. However, approximately 2...
Abstract 14710: Incidence Of Procedure-related Thromboembolism In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated By Irrigated / Non-irrigated Ablation Catheter
Authors: Mika Hioki, Teiichi Yamane, Seiichiro Matsuo, Keiichi Ito, Ryousuke Narui, Shinichi Tanigawa, Seigo Yamashita, Kenichi Inada, Taro Date, Kenichi Sugimoto, Michihiro Yoshimura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Cerebral embolism and stroke are serious procedural complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent catheter ablation. Although open saline irrigated ablation system i...
The Genital Mycoplasmas
Authors: David Taylor-Robinson, William M. McCormack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

IT has been seven years since human infections with genital mycoplasmas were reviewed in these pages.1 Interest in these organisms has increased considerably with a corresponding increase in our knowledge about them. This article will attempt to evaluate critically this new information and to outline current concepts of the role of these organisms in human disease. For a more detailed consideration, we refer the reader to two recent reviews.2 , 3 In 1937, Dienes and Edsall4 reported the isolation of a mycoplasma, probably Mycoplasma hominis, from an abscess of Bartholin's gland. This was the first reported recovery of a mycoplasma from . . .
Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: T E Wilens, J Biederman, J Prince, T J Spencer, S V Faraone, R Warburton, D Schleifer, M Harding, C Linehan, D Geller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

Despite the increasing awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, there are a limited number of controlled pharmacologic studies of this disorder; most of the trials have focused on the psychostimulants. Because the tricyclic anti-depressant desipramine has been found to be effective in treating ADHD in pediatric groups, the authors tested its efficacy in adults with ADHD.The authors conducted a randomized, 6-week, placebo-controlled, parallel-design study of desipramine at a target daily dose of 200 mg in 41 adult patients with DSM-III-R ADHD. They used standardized structured psychiatric instruments for diagnosis and, as the dependent variables (outcome), used separate assessments of ADHD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms at baseline and at each biweekly visit.There were highly significant differences in the reduction of ADHD symptoms between adults receiving desipramine and placebo. Within the desipramine-treated group, there were clinically and statistically significant differences between baseline and the week 6 end point for 1) reduction of 12 of 14 symptoms of ADHD and 2) decreases in the broad categories of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. In contrast, placebo-treated patients showed no differences between baseline and end point for any of the ADHD symptoms assessed. According to strict, predefined criteria for response, 68% of desipramine-treated subjects and no subjects in the placebo group were considered positive responders. Response to desipramine was independent of dose, level of impairment, gender, or lifetime psychiatric comorbidity with anxiety or depressive disorders.These results, similar to findings in children and adolescents with ADHD, indicate that desipramine is effective in the treatment of ADHD in adults.
Abstract 14279: Apolipoprotein B Bound To Erythrocytes: A Novel Anti-atherogenic Lipid Transport Pathway
Authors: Sarah Bovenberg, S Martinez-Hervas, A Westzaan, GJ van de Geijn, H Janssen, T Njo, E Birnie, R van Mechelen, A Rietveld, JW Elte, M Castro Cabezas
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background and aim: Apolipoprotein (apo) B containing lipoproteins are closely linked to atherogenesis. These lipoproteins are transported in plasma and can bind to blood leukocytes. Our aim was to...
Monitoring the profile of mould sensitization in children and adults in Volga region
Authors: Natalia Astafieva, Ekaterina Udovichenko, Inna Gamova, Irina Perfilova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale: The clinical significance of sensitization to mould allergens is increased even in geographical areas with their low concentration in the environment.

Objective: To determine the frequency of sensitization to Alternaria alternate (AA), Cladosporium herbarum (CH), Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and Penicillum notatum (PN) and characteristics of co-sensitization with other groups of allergens in Volga region from 2009 to 2013.

Methods: A total of 100 adult and 230 children aged from 1 to 14 years with allergic rhinitis and asthma and conjectural anamnesis mould allergy were included. Immunoblot method was used to identify allergen specific IgE – antibodies.

Results: From 2009 to 2013 increased the number of patients with sensitization to AA with 32 to 44%. For other types of mould such tendency was absent. The number of patients sensitized to CH was in 2009 and 2013. 29.2% and 27%; AF 9 and 10%, PN -15 and 17%. Frequency of mould sensitization was similar in all age groups. The concentration of allergen specific IgE was highest for AA (average 3.09 IU/ml) and minimum for PN (2.03 IU/ml).

Sensitization to AA often (63.1%) combined with sensitization to CH, to birch pollen allergy (26.2%), Artemisia (35.7%).

If sensitization to CH revealed concomitant allergy to birch pollen in 21%, Artemisia - 31.5%. Mould sensitization to AA and CH in significant number of patients associated with epidermal allergy to cat (50%) and dog (21.4%).

Conclusions: The prevalence of mould allergy to AA increases. Monitoring of etiological factors and common associations of IgE-antibodies in allergic rhinitis and asthma is important for of elimination, prevention and treatment programs.
Diindolylmethane inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in breast cancer cells
Authors: Donghua Cao, Bryan Ward, Zeruesenay Desta, Tonya Roberts, Sunil Badve, Robert Bigsby, David Wilkes, Todd C. Skaar
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

2461  Introduction: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine. Recent evidence is revealing a critical role of IDO in the regulation of immune function, and especially in the local control of tolerance vs. rejection in tissues including tumors. A lack of clinically available IDO inhibitors has limited the experimental progress in developing anticancer therapies based on IDO as a therapeutic target. Since the nutritional supplements, indole-3-carbinol and its in vivo metabolite, 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM), are indole containing compounds with structural similarities to tryptophan, we hypothesized that these compounds may be inhibitors of IDO enzyme activity that could be used clinically. The goals of these experiments were to characterize the IDO expression in human breast cancer cells and tumors and to test the effect of DIM on the IDO enzyme activity. Methods: MCF-7 and SkBr-3 cells were cultured in medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were treated with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN) for 48 hrs for the dose response studies and for multiple timepoints in the timecourse studies. Total RNA was isolated and IDO mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR. IDO enzyme activity in living cells was determined by measuring the depletion of tryptophan and the appearance of kynurenine in the cultured medium using an HPLC. IDO enzyme inhibition assays were conducted using SkBr-3 cell lysates using kynurenine production as an endpoint. IDO expression in human breast tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: In the absence of IFN treatment, both the MCF-7 and the SkBr-3 breast cancer cells metabolized very little of the trptophan to kynurenine (Kyn). However, IFN treatment induced a significant increase in the IDO activity in both breast cancer cell lines. This resulted in the disappearance of ∼70% of the tryptophan and the accumulation to approximately 20 micromolar kynurenine in the SkBr-3 media. The IDO mRNA was also induced >100-fold following the IFN treatment. DIM competitively inhibited tryptophan metabolism in SkBr-3 cell lysates with a Ki of ∼25 micromolar. DIM did not inhibit tryptophan metabolism in human liver cytosolic preparations, suggesting that it does not inhibit tryptophan dioxygenase. IDO protein expression was also detected by immunohistochemistry in human breast tumors and normal human breast tissue. Conclusions: We conclude that IDO is readily expressed in breast cancer tissues and that the IDO activity in breast cancer cell lysates is inhibited by DIM. This opens the possibility that part of the anticancer activity of indole-3-carbinol maybe mediated through the inhibition of IDO and that the potential side effects of tryptophan inhibition should be monitored in subjects taking this supplement.
Abstract 17362: Cardiac Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 (SOCS3)-Deficiency Leads to Hypo-Phosphorylation of Troponin I (Ser23/24) Through the Increase in Intracellular [Na+] ([Na+]i), Resulting in Contractile Dysfunction
Authors: Yoshiteru Murofushi, Michinari Nakamura, Hanbing Zhou, Stanley Park, Jonathan Housman, Kyung-Kuk Hwang, Tomoko Yajima, Kirk U Knowlton, Toshitaka Yajima
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout mice (SOCS3 cKO) develop heart failure without abnormalities in ultrastructure of myofibrils and Ca2+ transients. This suggests a malfunction of contractile machiner...
Abstract 8500: Alcohol Effect on Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease: Analysis of Data from the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND Studies
Authors: Yan Liang, Andrew Mente, Salim Yusuf, Peggy Gao, Koon K Teo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The relationship of alcohol consumption with atrial fibrillation (AF) is inconsistent, and little is known about the impact of alcohol intake on AF incidence in older people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or diabetes. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the association between alcohol consumption and incident AF among older individuals with CVD or diabetes mellitus with end organ damage. A cohort of individuals (n=30,430) without AF at baseline, aged ≥55 years, with established CVD or high risk diabetes mellitus, and participating in two randomized trials, the ONTARGET or TRANSCEND (median follow-up of 56 months), were included in the analysis. Alcohol intake was classified as low (Group 1, &lt;1 drink/week, referent), medium (Group 2, 1-14 drinks/week for women and 1-21 drinks/week for men) and high (Group 3, &gt;14 drinks/week for women or &gt;21 drinks/week for men) consumption, according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Multivariable Cox regression was used to model the relationship between alcohol intake and incident AF. There were 2093 new onset AF events in these patients. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rates were 14.47, 17.29 and 20.89 events per 1000 person years in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively with an additional 6.42 events per 1000 person years in high compared to low alcohol consumers. The unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios of incident AF associated with alcohol intake were shown in the Table. A significant linear dose response relationship was found (p for trend &lt;0.0001 and =0.0019, respectively in the unadjusted and full-adjusted models). In conclusion, moderate alcohol intake is associated with an increased incidence of AF in older individuals with CVD or diabetes mellitus and in a linear fashion with increasing consumption. Recommendations made about the protective effects of moderate alcohol intake in patients at high risk of CVD should be tempered with this new finding.
Pertussis outbreak in northwest Ireland, January – June 2010
Authors: A S Barret, A Ryan, A Breslin, L Cullen, A Murray, J Grogan, S Bourke, S Cotter
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We report a community pertussis outbreak that occurred in a small town located in the northwest of Ireland. Epidemiological investigations suggest that waning immunity and the absence of a booster dose during the second year of life could have contributed to the outbreak. The report also highlights the need to reinforce the surveillance of pertussis in Ireland and especially to improve the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cases.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Aortic Wall Thickness, and Lifetime Predicted Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sachin Gupta, Jarett D. Berry, Colby R. Ayers, Ronald M. Peshock, Amit Khera, James A. de Lemos, Parag C. Patel, David W. Markham, Mark H. Drazner
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Abstract 4018: The Comparison of Clopidogrel Effectiveness in Patients with Hemodynamically Stable vs. Unstable Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pavel P Osmancik, Radovan Jirmar, Katarina Hulikova, Zdenek Peroutka, Frantisek Bednar, Petr Widimsky
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Clopidogrel represents the standard of care in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary PCI. However, as a prodrug, it has to be metabolized to the active form in the liver. Furthermore, this drug exists in oral form only and sufficient absorption from gastrointestinal tract is needed. We hypothezied, clopidogrel efficacy might be lower in patients with severe hemodynamic instability, where splanchnic and liver ischemia is present. Forty patients with STEMI were enrolled in the prospective, case-control designed study. Twenty (unstable) were in severe hemodynamical instability (cardiogenic shock (n=8), severe pulmonary oedema (n=4), prolonged resuscitation due to arrhythmias (n=8)). All of them were on mechanical ventilation and catelcholamine support on admission (inclusion criteria=MI, mechanical ventilation, catecholamine support). The other 20 patients (stable) served stbale (Killip I) cross-matched control. All 40 patients were treated by PCI. Blood samples were drawn before (baseline), 4h (4h+), 24h (1d+) and 2 days (2d+) after clopidogrel administration. Clopidogrel efficacy was assessed by measurement of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP-P) using flow cytometry. Unstable patients had higher lactate level (5.4+4.8 vs. 1.7+0.6, p=0.009) on admission and also higher markers of liver dysfunction (INR at 1d+: 1.1+0.1 vs. 1.5+0.4, p&lt;0.01). However, the ejection fraction of left ventricle (44.5+9.1 vs. 36.0+15.8, p=0.1) and peak troponin levels were not different between both groups- The decrease of VASP-P was substantially lower in unstable patients compared with stable ones (ANOVA, p&lt;0.05). In stable patients and compared with baseline, the VASP-P decreased significantly by 22% at 4h+ and by 34% at 1d+, and remaiend decreased by 34% at 2d+ (all p&lt;0.05). In unstable patients, the VASP-P decreased nonsignificantly by 5% at 4h+, and no further decrease of VASP-P was present (−2.4% at 1d+, −6% at 2d+; all p=n.s.). Clopidogrel efficacy is lower in hemodynamically unstable MI patients. Insufficient absorption and biotransformation of clopidogrel due to splanchnic and liver ischemia might be the cause of this fact.
Abstract 3640: Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Increased Risk of Fatal and Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Events in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction - Findings From the Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function Trial
Authors: Robert S McKelvie, Michel Komajda, Barry M Massie, John J McMurray, Michael R Zile, Mark Donovan, Agata Ptaszynska, Peter Carson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), present in about a quarter of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), is associated with increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events. Less is known about the prevalence and impact of DM in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). The prevalence and effect of DM on clinical outcomes were examined in patients enrolled in the Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function Trial (I-PRESERVE). Methods: The I-PRESERVE trial randomized 4128 HF-PEF patients (EF≥45%) to receive irbesartan or placebo. The primary outcome of time to all-cause mortality or CV hospitalization (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, worsening HF, atrial or ventricular arrhythmia or unstable angina) was compared between patients with and without DM over one year of follow-up. A combined HF endpoint (HF mortality and hospitalization) was also evaluated. Comparison of the outcomes between patients with and without DM was expressed as a hazard ratio (HR). The independent predictive role of DM was examined in a multivariable model (which included symptoms, signs, clinical history, CV examination, biochemical, and hematological findings). Results: In I-PRESERVE 27% had a history of DM at baseline. DM patients more often had a body mass index ≥30 (51% vs 38%), history of stroke (12% vs 9%), history of MI (28% vs 22%), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 ml/min/1.73m 2 (34% vs 29%), and pulmonary congestion on chest x-ray (46% vs 38%). In patients with DM, 17% and 11% had primary and HF events, respectively within 1 year; for patients without DM, 11% and 6% had primary and HF events. In a multivariate analysis DM remained a significant predictor of primary events (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.22, 1.79) or HF events (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.32, 2.12). Conclusions: The prevalence of DM in HF-PEF is similar to that reported in HF-REF. HF-PEF patients with DM have a significantly worse outcome than those without DM and this increased risk is independent of other factors associated with a worse prognosis.
Analysis Of Responses (complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response) Achieved With Different Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Modalities and Their Impact On Long Term Outcomes In Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia In Chronic Phase (CML-CP) – Analysis From a Single Institution
Authors: Preetesh Jain, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Mona Lisa Alattar, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Elias Jabbour, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Carlos Guillermo Romo, Sara E Dellasala, Sherry Pierce, Srdan Verstovsek, Farhad Ravandi, Susan O'Brien, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Blood (2013)