tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs and Youth: The Challenge of Today
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<b>Therapeutic Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Programs in the Management of Drug Dependence of Morphine Type in the USA,</b>by Stephen S. Wilmarth and Avram Goldstein, 53 pp, 12 illus, paper, Sw.fr.17, World Health Organization, 1974. <b>Methadone Maintenance: A Technological Fix,</b>by Dorothy Nelkin, 164 pp, $6.95, paper $1.95, George Braziller (1 Park Ave, NY 10016), 1973. Although some authorities believe that the peak of the drug addiction epidemic has been passed, the publication of books and reports on the subject continues unabated. Many of these are emotional, polemical, or superficial, but the three here considered, which take up the problem from varied viewpoints, are outstanding for their impartiality and evidence of careful investigation. They all contribute worthwhile information but together show how little is really known about drug abuse. <i>Drugs and Youth</i>is a multiauthored volume. Most of the contributors have worked with young addicts in the New York area,
Diagnosis of bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients by real-time PCR
Authors: Stefania Varani, Marta Stanzani, Michela Paolucci, Fraia Melchionda, Gastone Castellani, Lorenzo Nardi, Maria Paola Landini, Michele Baccarani, Andrea Pession, Vittorio Sambri
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
1181 A phase III, partially double-blinded study evaluating the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGSYS®) alone or in combination with lamivudine vs lamivudine in 546 patients with HBEAG-negative/anti-HBE-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: P MARCELLIN, G LAU, F BONINO, P FARCI, S HADZIYANNIS, R JIN, Z LU, T PIRATVISUTH, G GERMANIDIS, C YURDAYDIN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Relative impact of targeted versus populationwide cholesterol interventions on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Projections of the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model.
Authors: L Goldman, M C Weinstein, L W Williams
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We used the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model, a state-transition computer simulation, to assess the absolute and relative effects of two different national cholesterol interventions: a targeted program to identify and treat all individuals with elevated serum cholesterol levels (greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl) versus a populationwide program to reduce everyone's serum cholesterol level. Based on the assumptions inherent in our model, which uses the Framingham Heart Study coefficients, we estimate the targeted program would reduce projected coronary heart disease absolute incidence by 8-10% in men ages 35-54 years and by 1-4% in men ages 55-74 years. Our model suggests that similar reductions in coronary heart disease incidence could be achieved by a 10 mg/dl populationwide reduction in serum cholesterol levels. In women, the targeted program would yield greater relative and absolute benefits and would be equivalent to a approximately 23 mg/dl populationwide reduction in serum cholesterol. We conclude that it would be inadvisable to rely solely on targeted cholesterol reduction programs to reduce national coronary heart disease.
Endothelium dependent control of arterial diameter by blood viscosity
Authors: A. M MELKUMYANTS, S. A BALASHOV, V. M KHAYUTIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The local control of arterial diameter by blood flow rate has been attributed to the ability of the endothelial cells to sense the shear stress exerted on them by flowing blood. Since shear stress is proportional to the product of flow rate and fluid viscosity, an increase in the latter will augment shear stress and lead to arterial dilatation as well. We therefore designed experiments to reveal the control of the arterial lumen by blood viscosity and to compare it with the control by blood flow rate. Changes in external diameter of a segment of feline femoral artery caused by variations in blood viscosity and/or flow rate were recorded during the perfusion in situ under stabilised transmural pressure. Decrease in blood viscosity evoked by haemodilution at a constant flow rate led to arterial constriction whereas an increase in viscosity due to haemoconcentration caused arterial dilatation. These viscosity induced changes in arterial diameter depended on intact endothelium. Responses to the changes in blood viscosity and flow rate of the same magnitude were practically identical. These results show that blood viscosity is a factor affecting vascular smooth muscle tone and confirm the suggestion that shear stress is the key signal in the endothelium dependent control of the arterial lumen by blood flow rate.
Prolonged Corticosteroid Therapy in Chronic Asthma
Authors: A. R. Somner, M. C. Rogan, I. W. B. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Walton, 1956; Thursby-Pelham and Kennedy, 1958), the place of these agents in the treatment of chronic asthma still remains an unsolved problem and, at times, a matter of fierce controversy (Herxheimer, 1955;
Gender and Depressive Symptoms in 711 Patients With Bipolar Disorder Evaluated Prospectively in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Treatment Outcome Network
Authors: Lori L. Altshuler, Ralph W. Kupka, Gerhard Hellemann, Mark A. Frye, Catherine A. Sugar, Susan L. McElroy, Willem A. Nolen, Heinz Grunze, Gabriele S. Leverich, Paul E. Keck, Melanie Zermeno, Robert M. Post, Trisha Suppes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

The authors assessed gender differences in the proportion of clinical visits spent depressed, manic, or euthymic in patients with bipolar disorder.Data were analyzed from 711 patients with bipolar I or II disorder who were followed prospectively over 7 years (13,191 visits). The main outcome measures were the presence of symptoms of depression or of hypomania or mania, measured by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Young Mania Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using three separate repeated-measures regressions with a logistic link function to model the probability that an individual was depressed, manic, or euthymic. The models controlled for bipolar I or bipolar II diagnosis, rapid cycling, age, time in the study, comorbid anxiety disorders, and comorbid substance use disorders.In approximately half of visits, patients had depressive, manic, or hypomanic symptoms. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms was significantly greater for women than for men. This was accounted for by higher rates in women of rapid cycling and anxiety disorders, each of which was associated with increased rates of depression. All patient groups showed an increase in number of euthymic visits and a decrease in number of visits with depressive and manic symptoms with increased time in study.Bipolar patients spend a substantial proportion of their time ill. Significant gender differences exist, with women spending a greater proportion of their visits in the depressive pole. This finding appears to be related to the corresponding differences in rates of rapid cycling and anxiety disorders.
Regulating Birth: Midwives, Medicine, and the Law
Authors: Keith P. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book, written by an assistant professor of sociology, is a treatise on the complex forces and factors involved in the licensing process and resultant regulation outcomes. In this case it has to do with those concerned with the licensing of midwives, either lay or registered nurse. The author presents a balanced report on the historical aspects of midwifery and brings the subject up-to-date with in-depth discussions of that practice in three prototypical jurisdictions with different degrees of regulation of midwives. He analyzes the practice in Arizona (regulation through licensure), Texas (loose control and regulation), and California (defined prohibition). The sociological concepts involved in these developments are traced for each state. Although the book jacket makes the outright statement that "control over women's health care must be returned to women," the author addresses this declaration only through a unilateral discussion of regulation by licensure. One might argue, in the strictest
Interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and allergic inflammation
Authors: Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)

It is undeniable that glucocorticoids are remarkably effective in the therapeutic management of allergic diseases such as rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. The potent synthetic drugs used clinically are analogues of the endogenous adre-nal hormone cortisol. A growing body of evidence now suggests that endogenous cortisol, which is produced in significant quantities by the body in a diurnal rhythm, is an important regulator of allergic disease expression and allergic inflammatory responses: lung function varies along with plasma cortisol levels; the number of circulating inflammatory cells varies with plasma cortisol levels; and low levels of endogenous cortisol may be associated with risk for asthma. Treatment studies suggest that the administration of inhaled or oral steroids is probably more effective when given in the evening when endogenous cortisol levels are low. Conversely, challenge studies show clearly that antigen-induced late-phase responses occur less readily if the challenge is performed in the morning at a time when endogenous cortisol levels are high. Finally, inflammatory responses may induce the production of cortisol by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a feedback mechanism. Paradoxically, some inflammatory cytokines may induce resistance of inflammatory cells to glucocorticoids. The available information describes a complex yet balanced interplay between adrenal cortisol production and allergic inflammation. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:S270-4.)
From Laparoscopic-Assisted to Scarless Appendicectomy: Continuing Advances
Authors: W. T. Ng
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

I read with interest the article by Khan et al., describing a two-port technique for laparoscopic-assisted appendicectomy, in which the appendix, grasped under videoscopic guidance, is exteriorized through a 10 mm port near the McBurney point and after removal of the cannula, appendicectomy is completed in the conventional open manner [1]. The authors believe that leaving the mesoappendix intact until it can be more easily dealt with extracorporeally represents a novel contribution.
Computational Dissection of Tumor Expression Profiles.
Authors: A. Eklund, N. Juul, Q. Li, A. Richardson, Z. Szallasi, Z. Szallasi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Gene expression profiling has yielded important insights about tumor biology that may improve treatment decisions in patients. However, it is difficult to collect a specimen of pure tumor cells, and thus microarray measurements usually reflect the contribution of tumor cells as well as stromal and other normal cells. We applied unsupervised matrix factorization methods to gene expression data to derive several sets of co-expressed genes, or signatures, that together comprise a set of independent descriptors of breast tumors. Some of these signatures correspond to specific cell types (adipocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts), while others reflect well-known tumor-intrinsic expression programs (ER, ERBB2, proliferation). We confirmed the specificity of the signatures using expression data from purified normal cells and tumor cell lines, microdissected tumors, and bulk tumors with corresponding histological cellularity estimates. In several data sets, cell-type signatures were highly variable and anticorrelated with tumor-intrinsic signatures, confirming that variation in normal cell content is a potential source of measurement bias.Overall, these results provide an intuitive framework for the interpetation of tumor expression profiles and may lead to an improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in tumor development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1166.
Plasticity of endothelial cells: rapid dedifferentiation of freshly isolated high endothelial venule endothelial cells outside the lymphoid tissue microenvironment
Authors: Delphine-Armelle Lacorre, Espen S. Baekkevold, Ignacio Garrido, Per Brandtzaeg, Guttorm Haraldsen, François Amalric, Jean-Philippe Girard
Journal: Blood (2004)
Underestimating the Value of Reassurance
Authors: Allan S. Detsky
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential requirements for calcium and Src family kinases in platelet GPIIb/IIIa activation and thromboxane generation downstream of different G-protein pathways
Authors: Robert T. Dorsam, Soochong Kim, Swaminathan Murugappan, Swathi Rachoor, Haripriya Shankar, Jianguo Jin, Satya P. Kunapuli
Journal: Blood (2004)
Tc-99m MDP Bone and Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy of Erdheim-Chester Disease in a Child
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Min-Woo Kim, Yun-Hee Kang, Hwan-Jeong Jeong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a systemic histiocytic disorder that occurs mainly in adults and is rarely found in children. ECD is characterized by bilateral, symmetric osteosclerosis of the metadiaphyses of the long tubular bones. We report a 10-year-old girl with ECD who presented with pain of both knees and elbows that involved the long bones of the upper and lower extremities, the metacarpals, and facial bones. Tc-99m MDP bone and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy showed the typical pattern of symmetric involvement of the long bones and the facial bones, and was useful in diagnosis and determining the extent of ECD.
Being Called to Care for the Mighty Poses Unique Challenges for Attending Physician
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

BEING a head of state can be hazardous to one's health. It takes a disciplined corps of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to provide proper care for a national leader without being overawed by the fact they are treating a president or prime minister, not to mention a dictator. Perhaps the best example of good care of one leader in one medical situation, says Mark Smith, MD, is the emergency department trauma team nurse at the George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, who prepped and inserted an intravenous line into a gun shot victim before she looked up and saw that the patient was the then-President Ronald Reagan. Smith, director of emergency medicine at George Washington University Medical Center, was one of the speakers at a conference held by the university on the medical care of very important persons (VIPs). As far as emergency care goes, although hospitals
THE PATHOGENESIS OF LICHEN PLANUS
Authors: Martin M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article THE PATHOGENESIS OF LICHEN PLANUS Get access Martin M. Black Martin M. Black Department of Histopathology, Institute of Dermatology, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 1972, Pages 302–305, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02233.x Published: 01 March 1972
Re: Paula M.J. Moonen, Judith M.J.E. Bakkers, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemenay et al. Human Papilloma Virus DNA and p53 Mutation Analysis on Bladder Washes in Relation to Clinical Outcome of Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2007;52:464–9
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Sandra Mazzoli, Nicola Mondaini, Riccardo Bartoletti
Journal: European Urology (2007)
RELATIONSHIP OF THE RENAL CLEARANCES OF T-1824 AND OF ALBUMIN IN SOME PATIENTS WITH PROTEINURIA
Authors: F. P. Chinard, H. D. Lauson, H. A. Eder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Studies of the mechanism of proteinuria and particularly of albuminuria require the application of accurate methods to the determination of the concentrations of individual proteins in plasma and urine.Electrophoresis is not practical because of the very large number of analyses necessary.The availability of human plasma albumin (i.e., fraction V) has permitted extensive use of immunological techniques (1-3).However, the small but significant amounts of globulins present in this fraction and the tedious procedure required in the preparation of antiserum warranted the in- vestigation of possible alternative methods for the estimation of the renal clearance of albumin.The blue dye T-1824, used clinically for the estimation of plasma volume, is bound in plasma principally to the albumin fraction (4) ; it does not appear in urine in significant amounts unless there is a significant proteinuria.On the basis of these two facts it has been suggested that the clearance of the dye might be a measure of the clearance of albumin.The first investigation of the clearance of the dye was carried out by Luetscher some years ago (5); the clearance of the dye was proportional to the clearance of the total protein and approximately four times as great.Since the al- bumin clearance was nearly four times the total protein clearance it is evident that there was good correlation between the dye and albumin clearances.Data were also given directly comparing the dye and albumin clearances in two instances: in the first the dye clearance was 0.37 ml./min., in the second the dye clearance was 0.75 ml./min.compared to the albumin clearance of 0.66 ml./min.
Outcome of intensive inpatient treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: D R Johnson, R Rosenheck, A Fontana, H Lubin, D Charney, S Southwick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study analyzed the outcome of a 4-month intensive inpatient program for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam veterans.The subjects were 51 male veterans with PTSD who completed the inpatient treatment program. Comprehensive measures of PTSD and psychiatric symptoms, as well as social functioning, were assessed at admission, discharge, and 6, 12, and 18 months after discharge.The overall study group showed an increase in symptoms from admission to follow-up and a decrease in violent actions and thoughts and legal problems. Family and interpersonal relationships and overall morale were improved at discharge but then returned to pretreatment levels at 18 months. Patient evaluations also indicated that the program affected morale and interpersonal relationships but not symptoms.The chronic nature of combat-related PTSD among Vietnam veterans is evident. The study raises the possibility that long-term intensive inpatient treatment is not effective, and other forms of treatment should be considered after rigorous study of such variables as length of stay, trauma versus rehabilitation focus, and patient characteristics.
The “swinging” squamocolumnar junction in esophagocardiac achalasia
Authors: V. Zimmer, F. Lammert
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 45-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of longstanding dysphagia to both solids and fluids, and progressive regurgitation over the past 10 years. Besides glycogenic acanthosis, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was suggestive of esophageal dilation with a hypomotile contraction pattern. During careful observation with air insufflation, the narrowed esophagogastric junction failed to relax but could be passed easily, giving rise to a popping sensation ([Fig. 1]). Likewise, on retroflexion the cardia appeared tight, with discrete tongues extending from the squamocolumnar junction ([Fig. 2]). To better assess the endoscopic characteristics of the presumed achalasic cardia, we carried out a thorough dynamic retroflexed examination with different levels of scope insertion. In contrast with the close-up view, the esophagogastric junction sleeve flattened while advancing the endoscope, and the squamocolumnar junction was pulled out to come into full view ([Fig. 3]). This was reproducible on repetitive "to-and-fro" scope maneuvers, with the squamocolumnar junction swinging in and out of endoscopic view ([Video 1]). The diagnosis of esophagocardiac achalasia was established by manometry, which confirmed resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) hypertension > 60 mmHg with lack of swallow-induced relaxation and low-amplitude simultaneous esophageal body contractions. The patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated pneumatic balloon dilation (30 mm Rigiflex II Single Use Achalasia Balloon Dilator; Boston Scientific, Ratingen, Germany).
Three-Year Outcomes for Medicare Beneficiaries Who Survive Intensive Care
Authors: Hannah Wunsch
Journal: JAMA (2010)

ContextAlthough hospital mortality has decreased over time in the United States for patients who receive intensive care, little is known about subsequent outcomes for those discharged alive.Objective To assess 3-year outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries who survive intensive care. Design, Setting, and PatientsA matched, retrospective cohort study was conducted using a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years.A random half of all patients were selected who received intensive care and survived to hospital discharge in 2003 with 3-year follow-up through 2006.From the other half of the sample, 2 matched control groups were generated: hospitalized patients who survived to discharge (hospital controls) and the general population (general controls), individually matched on age, sex, race, and whether they had surgery (for hospital controls). Main Outcome Measure Three-year mortality after hospital discharge.Results There were 35 308 intensive care unit (ICU) patients who survived to hospital discharge.The ICU survivors had a higher 3-year mortality (39.5%; n=13 950) than hospital controls (34.5%;n=12 173) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.04-1.10];PϽ.001) and general controls (14.9%;n=5266) (AHR, 2.39 [95% CI, 2.31-2.48];PϽ.001).The ICU survivors who did not receive mechanical ventilation had minimal increased risk compared with hospital controls (3-year mortality, 38.3% [n=12 716] vs 34.6% [n=11 470], respectively; AHR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.07]).Those receiving mechanical ventilation had substantially increased mortality (57.6% [1234 ICU survivors] vs 32.8% [703 hospital controls]; AHR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.40-1.73]),with risk concentrated in the 6 months after the quarter of hospital discharge (6-month mortality, 30.1% (n=645) for those receiving mechanical ventilation vs 9.6% (n=206) for hospital controls; AHR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.90-2.69]).Discharge to a skilled care facility for ICU survivors (33.0%; n=11 634) and hospital controls (26.4%;n=9328) also was associated with high 6-month mortality (24.1% for ICU survivors and hospital controls discharged to a skilled care facility vs 7.5% for ICU survivors and hospital controls discharged home; AHR, 2.62 [95% CI, 2.50-2.74];PϽ.001 for ICU survivors and hospital controls combined).Conclusions There is a large US population of elderly individuals who survived the ICU stay to hospital discharge but who have a high mortality over the subsequent years in excess of that seen in comparable controls.The risk is concentrated early after hospital discharge among those who require mechanical ventilation.