tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking, Health, and Confusion
Authors: Richard J. Hickey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Weiss (228:1368, 1974) objected to our passing reference (228:160, 1974) that Pearl's data on smoking and longevity (<i>Science</i>87:216, 1938) appear to be compatible with other material we discussed on behavioral regulation of physiological homeostasis. He asserted, with pejoratives, that our comment is "not warranted" by Pearl's data. We must reply, with all due respect, that our statement, which Weiss quoted in his first paragraph, is an exact and true statement taken directly from Pearl's data. We said nothing about differences between the groups being statistically significant; we merely mentioned that differences existed—as anyone who reads Pearl's paper will see. Weiss acknowledged that "differences between the groups in specific mortality rates disappear... after age 70." However, if there were no significant differences in Pearl's mortality rates for five-year subsets of moderate smokers vs nonsmokers increasing from age 70, even for larger samples this absence in itself requires
The Healer's Art: A New Approach to the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Grace S. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In<i>The Healer's Art</i>, Eric Cassell emphasizes the need for physicians to recognize man as a dynamic unity of psyche and soma. The role of healer is undermined, and disunity is fostered when disease is viewed as though it enjoyed an independent existence apart from the ill human being. It is fundamental to healing that disease be appreciated in the context of the ill person who feels a certain "disconnectedness, loss of a sense of omnipotence and omniscience and loss of control." Restoration of these losses constitutes progress toward healing. The physician effects or enhances recovery by establishing a human bond with the patient; a bond that is cemented with sensitivity, empathy, and encouragement of patient assertiveness. Has Dr Cassell introduced any new perceptions or has he resurrected old ones? With the exception of the chapter, "Overcoming the fear of death," he does not suggest any radically new approaches to
Maternal smoking habits and congenital malformations: a population study.
Authors: D R Evans, R G Newcombe, H Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Maternal smoking habits in 67 609 singleton pregnancies were examined. The overall incidence of congenital malformations was 2.8% in both non-smokers and smokers. On analysing congenital defects according to individual systems there was no significant difference in the incidence of malformations according to the number of cigarettes smoked, except for neural tube defects. Further analysis, taking social class into account, showed that neural tube defects were less common in non-smokers in social classes I and II. This study suggests that maternal smoking does not have teratogenic effects in the offspring, except in the case of neural tube defects, where the effect is at most modest.
Antiplatelet Therapy Following Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lactobacillus acidophilus (Enpac) in Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: A. E. Read, C. F. McCarthy, K. W. Heaton, J. Laidlaw
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Fluid Loss in Tropical Surgery-Tinckler BRITIM 1267 2-4 litres and low concentration of bulk ions in the sweat of fully acclimatized subjects.The relevance of these findings to the post-operative manage- ment of surgical patients in hot climates is discussed.It is a pleasure for me to acknowledge the help I have received in carrying out this investigation from Dr. W. Kulke, of the Liverpool Radium Institute, for providing facilities for radioisotope counting, and from Mr. D. Jenkins, senior laboratory technician of the
Serum ferritin during unmaintained remission in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Authors: D H Parry, C Ricketts, A Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1978)

gastroduodenoscopy was normal.Biopsy of rectal tissue was normal and negative for amyloid.Liver and spleen scan confirmed hepatosplenomegaly.Splenoportography showed normal splenic and portal veins with no varices.Liver biopsy showed aggregates of inflammatory cells around portal tracts.Splenomegaly is a feature not previously described in Behqet's disease.The
The ability of synoviocytes to support terminal differentiation of activated B cells may explain plasma cell accumulation in rheumatoid synovium.
Authors: J Dechanet, P Merville, I Durand, J Banchereau, P Miossec
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To understand the accumulation of plasma cells within RA synovium, the ability of rheumatoid synoviocytes to support the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells was explored. Tonsillar B lymphocytes cultured over confluent monolayers of synoviocytes, secreted threefold more Igs (mainly IgM) than B cells cultured directly on plastic well. More importantly, synoviocytes enhanced by 14-fold the production of Igs (mainly IgG) by B cells costimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC) particles. IL-10 and, in a lower extent, IL-2 increased Ig secretion in cocultures, and their combination was synergistic. In the presence of SAC, IL-2, and IL-10, synoviocytes increased by 13-884-fold the production of IgG, which reached 0.19 ng/cell per day. RA as well as normal synoviocytes were more potent than other adherent cell lines to support terminal B cell differentiation. Synoviocyte activity involved both a support of B cell survival, and an induction of the terminal differentiation of B cells into mature plasma cells with typical morphology, high levels of intracytoplasmic Igs, and CD20- CD38high surface expression. The present observation should permit the identification of molecules involved in the maturation of B cells into plasma cells, and in their accumulation in rheumatoid synovium.
Abstract 4470: Kevetrin™, a novel small molecule, activates p53, enhances expression of p21, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a human cancer cell line
Authors: Ashok Kumar, Tej Hiran, Sylvia A. Holden, Karima Chafai-Fadela, Samantha Rogers, Siya Ram, Krishna Menon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously shown that Kevetrin, a small molecule currently under development, has potent antitumor activity in human multi-drug resistant carcinoma xenograft models while being well tolerated. To investigate the mechanism of action for its potent antitumor activity, we assessed Kevetrin's effect on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, including underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we report that Kevetrin strongly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) using the TUNEL assay and FACS analysis; similar results were observed using a human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). Treatment of A549 cells with 400 µM of Kevetrin for 48 hours resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest that was associated with a marked decline in levels of G2/M regulatory proteins, including CDK1 and cdc25B, and increased expression of Wee1. Further, Kevetrin-mediated growth inhibition of A549 correlated with apoptosis induction that was characterized by cleavage of procaspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The p53 tumor suppressor is a well characterized transcription factor controlling cell growth and apoptosis during times of cellular stress. The tumor suppressor p53 inhibits tumor growth primarily through its ability to induce apoptosis. In cancer development, the resistance of cells to apoptosis is one of the crucial steps. The reactivation of p53 in tumor cells should trigger massive apoptosis and eliminate the tumor. Interestingly, Kevetrin treatment caused enhanced activated p53 levels in A549 cells. Activation of p53 can lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting revealed a concentration dependent increase in phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15. The phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 leads to reduced interaction between p53 and its negative regulator, the oncoprotein MDM2. We also found that Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1). The tumor suppressor protein p21 (Waf1) acts as inhibitor of cell cycle progression. Finally, we also found that p53 induced apoptosis by inducing the expression of PUMA. Our study shows that Kevetrin activates p53 functions in tumor cells. Thus Kevetrin is a strong candidate as an anticancer drug that targets p53. Based on our studies we plan to initiate a Phase I clinical trial in 2011. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4470. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4470
Psychiatry 1976: Time for a Holistic Medicine
Authors: ROY W. MENNINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 May 1976Psychiatry 1976: Time for a Holistic MedicineROY W. MENNINGER, M.D.ROY W. MENNINGER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-603 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe inability of physicians, psychiatrists included, to practice a genuinely holistic medicine that integrates knowledge of the body, the mind, and the environment is striking. Psychiatrists, for example, tend to adhere to one or another of the various ideologies in their field and to ignore the others; in spite of advances in neurochemistry and genetics, these disciplines often get little attention from psychiatric practitioners or training programs. Nonpsychiatrist physicians mainly interested in disease or dysfunction of a particular organ-system ignore the unaffected systems and the psyche. The value of good health and its maintenance is stated again and again, yet... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Menninger Foundation Topeka, Kansas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Ecology—Transforming 21st-Century Medicine with Planetary Health in MindThe biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has comeMedical doctors and complementary and alternative medicine: the context of holistic practiceFrom Quackery to "Complementary" Medicine: The American Medical Profession Confronts Alternative TherapiesSuffering, Science and SabotageGeriatric practice. Taking up where primary care leaves offBeyond Medicine: Healing Power in the Doctor-Patient RelationshipAlternative Health Movements: Challenges to Health PlanningPrimary care in psychiatry residency trainingDiagnosis by inclusionCan the Primary Care Physician Be Better Trained in the Psychosocial Dimensions of Patient Care?Ombudsmen (Medical-Psychiatric) Rounds An Approach to Meeting Patient-Staff NeedsJAMES J. STRAIN, M.D., DAVID HAMERMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.An holistic concept of health and illness: A tricentennial goal for medicine and public health 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 603-604KeywordsGeneticsNeurochemistry Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in intermediate-2 or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes with 5q deletion: results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Lionel Adès, Simone Boehrer, Thomas Prebet, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Laurence Legros, Christophe Ravoet, François Dreyfus, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Marie Pierre Chaury, Jacques Delaunay, Guy Laurent, Norbert Vey, Sara Burcheri, Rose-Marie Mbida, Natacha Hoarau, Claude Gardin, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Blood (2008)
Problems of the newborn. Feeding.
Authors: P A Davies
Journal: BMJ (1971)

It is not money alone that causes young doctors to leave the country for the U.S.A. or Canada.It is the better, fuller medical life they find there, with hospital attachments and all the facilities they need to practise good medicine.And this view is supported by the fact that a practice vacancy in the U.K. if associated with a general-practitioner hospital will not fail to attract many applicants of high standard.Probably the growth of vocational training envisaged in the Todd Report'2 would make these points even more relevant.I thank my partner Dr. A. J. M.
Tracking Rural Health Facility Financial Data in Resource-Limited Settings: A Case Study from Rwanda
Authors: Chunling Lu, Sandy Tsai, John Ruhumuriza, Grace Umugiraneza, Solange Kandamutsa, Phillip P. Salvatore, Zibiao Zhang, Agnes Binagwaho, Fidele Ngabo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Chunling Lu and colleagues describe a project for tracking health center financial data in two rural districts of Rwanda, which could be adapted for other low- or middle-income countries. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
P06.06 * PROGNOSIS OF MENINGIOMAS IN THE 1970S AND TODAY
Authors: S. Linsler, C. Keller, S. Urbschat, J. Rahnenfuhrer, R. Ketter, J. Oertel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The benefit of the current strategy for diagnosis (computer tomography and magnetic resonance imagine) and treatment (microsurgery, microscope, endoscope) of meningiomas, in contrast to the standard treatment in use before CT- and MR-imaging and the microsurgical era, has not yet been determined. METHODS: A retrospective statistical analysis was performed for 1349 meningioma patients who underwent surgery at the Neurosurgical Department of the Saarland University between 1965 and 2011. The patients who underwent surgery before 1985 were compared to the second group of patients who underwent surgery of meningiomas after 1985. We selected 1985 as point of time because the CT scan was available since this time in our department. RESULTS: There were no major differences in tumor localization, tumor size, gender, initial symptomatology and number of surgical procedures in both groups. The mean time until tumor diagnosis was shorter in the meningioma group after 1985. Number of perioperative complications were similar in both groups (18% vs 16%). A significant better prognosis for patients operated after 1985 with regard to the postoperative duration of recurrence free survival could be revealed (p < 0.0001). However, the overall survival remained unchanged. DISCUSSION: Based on the results of this study, the overall prognosis for patients with meningiomas has changed from the 1960s until today with a prolonged progression free survival in the last two decades. Also mean time to diagnosis has been remarkable reduced over decades. Thus, the introduction of modern diagnostic modalities and surgical procedures has improved the outcome in patients with meningiomas significantly.
Increased Pericyte Coverage Mediated by Endothelial-Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Interleukin-6 Is a Source of Smooth Muscle–Like Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nicolas Ricard, Ly Tu, Morane Le Hiress, Alice Huertas, Carole Phan, Raphaël Thuillet, Caroline Sattler, Elie Fadel, Andrei Seferian, David Montani, Peter Dorfmüller, Marc Humbert, Christophe Guignabert
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Pericytes and their crosstalk with endothelial cells are critical for the development of a functional microvasculature and vascular remodeling. It is also known that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction is intertwined with the initiation and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 signaling, leads to abnormal microvascular pericyte coverage causing pulmonary arterial medial thickening.In human lung tissues, numbers of pericytes are substantially increased (up to 2-fold) in distal PAH pulmonary arteries compared with controls. Interestingly, human pulmonary pericytes exhibit, in vitro, an accentuated proliferative and migratory response to conditioned media from human idiopathic PAH endothelial cells compared with conditioned media from control cells. Importantly, by using an anti-fibroblast growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody, we attenuated these proliferative and migratory responses, whereas by using an anti-interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody, we decreased the migratory response without affecting the proliferative response. Furthermore, in our murine retinal angiogenesis model, both fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 administration increased pericyte coverage. Finally, using idiopathic PAH human and NG2DsRedBAC mouse lung tissues, we demonstrated that this increased pericyte coverage contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling as a source of smooth muscle-like cells. Furthermore, we found that transforming growth factor-β, in contrast to fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6, promotes human pulmonary pericyte differentiation into contractile smooth muscle-like cells.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of excessive pericyte coverage in distal pulmonary arteries in human PAH. We also show that this phenomenon is directly linked with pulmonary endothelial dysfunction.
Human security: a prerequisite for health
Authors: D. R Meddings
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Recent events in Kosovo will remain in the public consciousness for some time. Many people were killed or injured or experienced some catastrophic loss.

However unforgettable, human suffering was not the only dimension of this conflict. Kosovo is perhaps the most memorable instance where lack of human security for people living within a state was used to justify military intervention against that state.

> The overlap between the concepts of health and human security is substantial 

Some countries contend that “human security” offers a new perspective to guide foreign policy. But what is human security, and is this concept of interest to those in the health professions?

The predominant themes emerging from definitions of human security are sustainable access to essential needs and the guarantee of certain rights. However, the definition provokes less controversy than some of the issues that arise in incorporating consideration of human security …
Genetic modulation of antigen presentation by HLA-B27 molecules.
Authors: L Pazmany, S Rowland-Jones, S Huet, A Hill, J Sutton, R Murray, J Brooks, A McMichael
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

In studies of antigenic peptide presentation, we have found a healthy volunteer whose lymphoblastoid cells were unable to present three different virus-derived epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) despite expressing the correct restricting HLA-B27 molecules on the cell surface. B cell lines were established from other members of the donor's family, including individuals suffering from ankylosing spondylitis and related diseases, and were tested for their ability to function as target cells in the same assay. None of the eight B cell lines that expressed HLA-B27 presented a known peptide epitope to CTL. However, cells from a family member that expressed HLA-B8 could present an epitope peptide restricted by that molecule. The B27 molecule in this family proved to be the B2702 subtype on isoelectric focusing gels, appearing in exactly the same position as B2702 from other cell lines that did present the peptide. To exclude mutations resulting in noncharged amino acid substitutions, cDNA coding for B2702 was cloned from the proband's cell line and sequenced. No coding changes were found. The cloned cDNA was transfected into HLA-A- and B-negative HMy/C1R cells, and the B2702 molecules generated in this environment rendered these cells, after incubation with peptide, susceptible to lysis by peptide-specific CTL. These data are compatible with the presence of a factor(s), possibly HLA linked, interfering with antigen presentation by otherwise normal B2702 molecules in this family.
Pulmonary Valvular Obstruction in Grandfather and Grandson
Authors: Jerome C. Robinson, Hugh B. Hull, William J. Rappoport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MULTIPLE occurrences of congenital heart disease within a family have been reported increasingly often in recent years. No doubt this reflects better diagnostic methods and greater concern with the genetic aspects of disease. Numerous examples of families having several siblings or a parent and 1 or more children affected with congenital heart disease are on record, but less well documented are cases of congenital heart disease occurring in more than 2 generations. Recently, a family was observed in which pulmonary valvular obstruction was present in a grandfather and his grandson, and this is the subject of the present report. It . . .
Impaired Force-Frequency Relations in Patients With Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Masafumi Inagaki, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Hideo Izawa, Ryoji Ishiki, Kohzo Nagata, Mitsunori Iwase, Yoshiji Yamada, Masafumi Koide, Toshikazu Sobue
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The extent to which force-frequency and relaxation-frequency relations (FFR and RFR, respectively) and exercise-induced adrenergic stimulation affect myocardial inotropic and lusitropic reserves has not been established in patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH).We calculated the maximum first derivative of LV pressure (LV dP/dtmax) and the LV pressure half-time (T1/2) during pacing, exercise, and isoproterenol infusion in 17 patients with hypertensive LVH and 9 control subjects to investigate the influence of increases in heart rate (HR) and adrenergic stimulation on inotropic and lusitropic reserves. Group A consisted of 10 LVH patients who showed a progressive increase in the HR-LV dP/dtmax relation. Group B consisted of 7 LVH patients in whom the HR-dP/dtmax relation at physiological pacing rates was biphasic. The LV mass index was larger and the LV ejection fraction was smaller in group B than in group A (244+/-72 g/m2 versus 172+/-22 g/m2 and 55+/-18% versus 72+/-6%, respectively; both P<0.05). The increase in LV dP/dtmax was greater during exercise than pacing alone for similar increases in HR in all groups (P<0.05) (group A, 111+/-22% versus 25+/-14%; group B, 105+/-35% versus 14+/-10%; control, 111+/-24% versus 25+/-12%). T1/2 was shorter (P<0.05) during exercise than with pacing alone in all groups (group A, 41+/-6% versus 11+/-3%; group B, 38+/-9% versus 14+/-4%; control, 44+/-6% versus 12+/-5%). Isoproterenol infusion caused similar increases in LV dP/dtmax and similar decreases in T1/2 in all groups.The FFR was biphasic in patients with severe LVH irrespective of LV function but was preserved in patients with less severe LVH and control subjects. Importantly, the RFR and adrenergic control of both inotropic and lusitropic reserves were well preserved in all LVH patients. A biphasic FFR at physiological pacing rates may be one of the earliest markers of the transition from physiological adaptation to the pathological process in LVH patients.