tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coffee as a Cause of Pruritus Ani.
Authors: S. S. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> The writer who described the interesting case under the above head-line, in the last number ofThe Journal, did not mention the kind of coffee that produced the pruritus ani. In some cases, at least, one kind of coffee will occasion intolerable itching and consequent insomnia, while another kind can be used moderately without giving rise to any unpleasant symptoms. I have had a case under observation, in which Mocha coffee in minute quantities will produce pruritus, while pure Java, in draughts of two or three cups a day, can be taken with no ill effects. If a small amount of Mocha be added—say 12 to 25 per cent.—the pruritus returns. In this case, I found two remedies that relieved the itching and prevented the insomnia. Pure camphor-menthol, applied to the affected parts, relieved the pruritus, but left an
Our weird relationship with the NHS
Authors: N. Seddon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Is the only way to fix the NHS to change the British people’s relationship with it?

When Robert Francis QC gave his verdict on Mid Staffordshire, he chose not to scapegoat individuals, because the “culture of the NHS” had committed the crime. Many were not happy about this, but, says Roger Taylor, he was right. “The challenge is changing it.” 

For more than three decades politicians, professional associations, patients’ groups, and commentators have called for changes in the culture of the health and social care system. Governments have produced veritable libraries of policies and proposals, but the ensuing hyperactivity has not brought enough progress.

Roger Taylor is cofounder of and director of research at Dr Foster—“best known,” the book’s press release tells us, “for publishing the guides to HNS [sic] care such as the Good Hospital Guide.” If there is a central question, it is this: how do we allow appalling standards of care to persist? In 2001 Dr Foster exposed the “big lie” that the NHS provided a uniform service across the country. The new big lie is that we have …
Acute cholangitis secondary to a recently migrated cystic duct clip, 15 years after cholecystectomy
Authors: M. Song, B. Kwek, T. Ang
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, migration of surgical clips from the cystic duct stump into the common bile duct (CBD) is rare. We present a case of cholangitis secondary to a recently migrated clip, and successful treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Effects of hypercholesterolaemic serum on aortic explants from normal rats
Authors: J. LARRUE, C. DESGRANGES, D. DARET, H. BRICAUD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Aortic explants obtained from normal adult rats and composed of all 3 tunics were cultured in a semi-synthetic gelosed medium supplemented by 10% serum. Explants cultured with normocholesterolaemic serum kept their in vivo characteristics for more than 12 days at electron microscope and histometabolic levels. However, explants showed considerable differences when cultured in a medium with hypercholesterolaemic serum. Cell proliferation in the tunica media and enhanced synthesis of macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix were observed. These laterations occurring inside the explants, which had kept all their tissular relationships, suggest that this culture system may be valuable for further studies on atherosclerotic processes.
Pheochromocytoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects
Authors: Emmanuel L. Bravo, Rodrigo Tagle
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

Abstract This review provides current understanding of the pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and the wide range of associated clinical manifestations that have led to earlier recognition of the disease. In addition, it reviews optimal screening methods and localization techniques that have enhanced the clinician’s ability to make the diagnosis with greater certainty. This article will also discuss alternative antihypertensive regimens and innovative anesthetic and surgical procedures that have made successful management more promising than ever before. Areas requiring further development include additional clinical experience with the measurement of plasma metanephrines that have been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sporadic and familial pheochromocytoma, optimizing cost effectiveness of diagnostic imaging, improving the ability to predict and treat malignant pheochromocytoma, and elucidating not only the surgical approach but, perhaps with rapid advances in molecular genetics, ways of preventing familial pheochromocytoma.
Can general practitioners predict the outcome of episodes of back pain?
Authors: M O Roland, D C Morrell, R W Morris
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The city of Wuhan is the epicenter of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and a central Chinese hub for transportation and industry. Mass migration prior to the Chinese New Year may have accelerated the spread of COVID-19 across China. This analysis investigated the temporal relationship between daily outbound traffic from Wuhan and the incidence of COVID-19 in 31 Chinese provinces during January-February 2020. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases from National and Provincial Health Committee reports from January 10 to February 29, 2020. Volume of outbound traffic from Wuhan to other provinces was measured by Baidu Migration Index, a widely used metric that tracks migration based on cellphone location. We used cross-correlation function and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to examine time-lagged association between traffic volume and COVID-19 incidence by province. Contributors to the provincial variation in the temporal associations were investigated. Additionally, we estimated the reduction in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases following the travel ban for Wuhan. <h3>Results</h3> Cross-correlation function analyses suggested that the volume of outbound traffic from Wuhan was positively associated with COVID-19 incidence in all provinces, with correlation coefficients between 0.22-0.78 (all P&lt;0.05). Approximately 42% of provinces showed &lt;1 week of lag between traffic volume and COVID-19 incidence, 39% with 1 week, and 19% with 2-3 weeks. Migration had more prolonged impacts in provinces closer to Wuhan and with more passenger influx from Wuhan, but affected economically advantaged provinces to a lesser extent. We further estimated that the travel ban may have prevented approximately 19,768 COVID-19 cases (95% CI: 13,589, 25,946) outside of Wuhan by February 29, 2020. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Outflowing migration from Wuhan facilitated the COVID-19 transmission to other parts of China with varying time-lagged effects dependent on provincial characteristics. The travel ban led to a significant reduction in COVID-19 outside of Wuhan.
Treatment of childhood acute myeloblastic leukemia: dose intensification improves outcome and maintenance therapy is of no benefit – multicenter studies of the French LAME (Leucémie Aiguë Myéloblastique Enfant) Cooperative Group
Authors: Y Perel, A Auvrignon, T Leblanc, G Michel, Y Reguerre, J-P Vannier, J-H Dalle, V Gandemer, C Schmitt, F Méchinaud, O Lejars, C Piguet, G Couillaud, B Pautard, J Landman-Parker, I Thuret, N Aladjidi, A Baruchel, G Leverger
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Government task force needed to tackle obesity
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The growing epidemic of obesity requires long term, sustainable changes that focus on the environment and encourage people to change their lifestyles rather than blaming obese people, says a report published in the United Kingdom this week.

The report says that action needs to be taken at every level—national, local, community, and individual—to halt the increase in overweight and obesity.

Its recommendations, made jointly by the Royal College of Physicians, the …
Underrecognition of dementia by caregivers cuts across cultures
Authors: Paul T. Costa, Mark R. Somerfield, T. Franklin Williams
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Snowdon and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>in their report of silent dementia among elderly Catholic sisters of European descent, provide important corroboration of our findings in Japanese-American men living in Hawaii. In both studies, 21% to 22% of caregivers failed to recognize signs of dementia among subjects with clinically diagnosed dementia. These nearly identical results are striking considering the many differences between the populations and the fact that the informants in the Nun Study were professional caregivers. This suggests that difficulty in recognizing dementia in elderly people is a common problem that crosses cultural and gender boundaries. Equally interesting is their observation that caregivers labeled 16% of the participants as demented when dementia was not present. Similarly, we found 15 (13%) of 116 nondemented elderly Japanese-American men had family informants who said they had a definite problem with thinking or memory. We appreciate Dr Antonelli Incalzi and colleagues bringing to our
Reversal of postmenopausal vertebral bone loss by oestrogen and progestogen: a double blind placebo controlled study
Authors: N Munk-Jensen, S P. Nielsen, E B Obel, P B. Eriksen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Because of uncertainty about the place of hormones in the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss vertebral and forearm bone loss was measured by absorptiometry in early post-menopausal women before and after continuous or sequential treatment with combined oestrogen and progestogen in a double blind placebo controlled trial. Treatment with hormones significantly reversed the vertebral bone loss. The net gain in vertebral bone density amounted to 6·4% a year with continuous supplementation and 5·4% a year with sequential supplementation; the net gain in forearm bone density was lower (3·6% with continuous and 3·7% with sequential supplementation). Before a policy of supplementation with hormones can be recommended to all postmenopausal women with the aim of reducing the incidence of vertebral crush fractures further studies with different doses and combinations of hormones, administered over several years, are needed.
Hyponatremia from 1-Deamino-8-d-Arginine (dDAVP) Abuse
Authors: ELAINE STONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Hyponatremia from 1-Deamino-8-d-Arginine (dDAVP) AbuseELAINE STONE, M.D., BERNARD ZINMAN, M.D.ELAINE STONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BERNARD ZINMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-711_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The synthetic vasopressin analogue 1-deamino-8-D-arginine (dDAVP) has been recommended as the preferred form of treatment for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (1). It has the characteristics of increased antidiuretic activity and decreased pressor activity and results in good control of symptoms as compared to previously used preparations (2). Noteworthy side effects of dDAVP have been few. As stated in a recent review (3), water intoxication and hyponatremia have not been reported to occur in outpatients presumably because the state of hydration affects the metabolic clearance of dDAVP (4). We report here that dDAVP is subject to drug abuse and...References1. ROBINSON A. dDAVP in the treatment of central diabetes insipidus. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:507-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. RADOMAROSISZENDEBORBELYTAKOFISCHER JJLLJJ. The antidiuretic action of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol. 1976;13:199-209. Google Scholar3. COBBSPAREREICHLIN WSS. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus: management with dDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin). Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:183-8. LinkGoogle Scholar4. ROBERTSON G. The physiology of vasopressin excretion in man. Clin Res. 1972;20:778. Abstract. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELAINE STONE, M.D.; BERNARD ZINMAN, M.D.Affiliations: University of Toronto Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMiscellaneous hormones and prostaglandinsMiscellaneous hormones and prostaglandins 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 711-711KeywordsDrug abuseHyponatremiaIntoxicationOutpatientsVasopressin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
From Medical Police to Social Medicine: Essays on the History of Health Care
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1975)

George Rosen, pioneer in the history of public health and social medicine, has done much to place this branch of medicine on a firm foundation. Some of his early papers are classics in the field and this collection could serve virtually as a source book in the subject. Of the 13 papers, three were originally published in the 40s, seven in the 50s, one in the 60s, and two in the 70s. We cannot expect such a collection to be systematic, although the studies in the aggregate cover a wide area, touching on problems in England, Germany, France, and the United States, and occasionally other countries. The approach is focal rather than complete. The concept of "medical police" refers to regulations regarding health that were "grounded on a primary calculation to augment the power of the state rather than to increase the welfare of the people." The discussion of such
Quality-Improvement Research and Informed Consent
Authors: Franklin G. Miller, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Tens of thousands of patients die each year because of hospitals' failure to adhere consistently to standard procedures of safe and effective medical care. Accordingly, improving the quality of routine hospital care is a public health imperative. An effective way to promote quality improvement is to conduct evaluative research on programs designed to implement standard practices for the safety and care of hospitalized patients.Such research, however, poses an apparent ethical conundrum: it is often impossible to obtain informed consent from patients enrolled in quality-improvement research programs because interventions must be routinely adopted for entire hospitals or hospital units. When, . . .
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR EYES IN INDUSTRY
Authors: THOMAS D. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our essential purpose in this paper is to acquaint the medical profession with the ways and means in vogue at present of protecting the eyes in industry.  Of all the injuries sustained by industrial workers, those to the eyes are utterly preventable and wholly inexcusable. This statement, made by the safety director 1 of a large industrial concern, may at first seem rather broad. In 1936 this same safety director 2 reported that it had been over ten years since any one of his concern's 22,000 employees had lost an eye or suffered partial loss of vision.  A review of the medical literature will reveal that voluminous material has been written concerning the treatment of injuries of the eye but comparatively little about their prevention. Just a cursory study of a few statistics will show the obvious need of protection for eyes in industry. Unfortunately, accurate records of industrial ocular
Reply: Interactions and Clarifying Group-Specific Estimates by Using Stratification
Authors: Kevin Molloy, Tomas P. Carroll, Craig P. Hersh, Jessica A. Lasky-Su, Noel G. McElvaney
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

We thank Perret and Lodge for their interest in our work, which sought to clarify the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in PiMZ heterozygotes (1).We demonstrated that patients with intermediate a 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) secondary to the PiMZ genotype had a significantly greater degree of airflow obstruction and COPD compared with PiMM individuals and that cigarette smoke exposure was a significant modifier in potentiating this risk.An alternative interpretation of the abstract has been proposed to clarify the absence of COPD risk in nonsmoking PiMZ heterozygotes.Our study highlighted the substantial increased risk of lung disease in PiMZ individuals as a result of cigarette smoking, and a significant interaction between the gene (PiMZ) and the environment (cigarette smoke) exists to substantiate this increased risk.However, as we acknowledged in our discussion, a much larger family-based study similar to our own would be needed to more accurately determine COPD risk in nonsmoking PiMZ individuals.To say that we only found this increased risk in ever-smoking middle-aged individuals is potentially misleading, given that all patients enrolled in this study were 30 or more years old.We would certainly prefer not to generalize the study findings to a middle-aged group, given that COPD is a preventable disease.One of the key messages from the study is that early intervention at a young age in patients who have the PiMZ genotype, either through prevention of smoking initiation or smoking cessation, is of fundamental importance in the clinical management of these patients.The authors have proposed that the abstract should have indicated "that personal smoking increased the odds of spirometrically defined COPD by a factor of 2.2."This statement is rather confusing, given that the number 2.2 does not appear anywhere in the body of
Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

MOST physicians treat patients with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease with either an antithyroid drug or radioactive iodine (iodine-131). Which treatment the physician recommends is based on factors such as the patient's age, the risk of side effects or later thyroid dysfunction, and the likelihood of remission. The report by Tallstedt et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 addresses another factor — the risk of ophthalmopathy after the treatment of hyperthyroidism.Most patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism have some ophthalmopathy, if only a few millimeters of exophthalmos and radiologic evidence of enlarged extraocular muscles. What are the risk factors for . . .
Sudden Death Due to Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: David M. Spain
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A study was made of age, smoking habits, and frequency of recent coronary thrombi in 102 men who died suddenly of a first clinical episode of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The average age at time of death was 16 years less in those who smoked cigarettes heavily than it was in the non smokers, while that in the lighter and former smokers was intermediate. The frequency of recent coronary arterial thrombi was 19% and revealed no correlation with smoking habits.
INFLUENZA AMONG POISON GAS WORKERS
Authors: F. Shufflebotham
Journal: BMJ (1919)

APRIL ,9, i919 Thle quiestion of surgical treatmenti is put before the.patient, together withi tihe statement tliat, so fhr as my per*snal experience goes, tlhesemore severe cases of war leatdachie (1o not undergo spontaneous cure, and that the operation, be'sides beina devoid of any serious risk to life, is al ixost certain to bring about alleviation or cure within twenty-four to forty-eight lhours.Warning is also given as to the " new " pains wlhich may dlievelop as the immediate result of the operation, and as to lteir gradual disappearance subsequently.Res'ult of Operation.
Radiosurgery for brain tumours
Authors: M. Brada, G. Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Recent publicity surrounding the opening of a private radiosurgery facility in the United Kingdom suggested near miraculous properties for a radiation technique developed over 30years ago. According to media reports, “many potentially fatal brain conditions which are inoperable using conventional surgery can now be treated successfully.”1 This form of marketing is misleading and offers false hope. 

Radiosurgery is a term applied to high precision localised irradiation given in one session. One technique uses cobalt sources arranged in a hemisphere and focused on to a central target (described as a gamma knife). A gamma knife unit has been in operation in Sheffield since 1986.Identical high precision radiosurgery can be delivered by appropriatelyadjusted linear accelerators and has been available in Britain since 1989.Currently, at least six radiosurgery facilities are available to NHS patients. The limited usefulness of the technique for treating brain tumours suggests that the existing NHS facilities are sufficient for the expected workload.

The aim of radiosurgery is to deliver a sphere of high dose irradiation more localised than would be achieved with conventional radiotherapy. However, this is possible only for small lesions …
Long acting beta 2 agonists and the risk of life threatening asthma
Authors: P. Ernst
Journal: Thorax (1998)

1 combined degree of brochodilatation nor a decrease in the authors provide evidence to suggest that, in the population they studied, salmeterol was preferentially prescribed to response to a short acting agent is seen after stopping salmeterol. 18 21There are no studies available among patients with more severe disease.Such targeted use has been proposed by the BTS and other guidelines 4 5 and has patients with acute severe attacks, however, and such on July 25, 2023 by guest.
Comparison of the allergic and nonallergic CD4+ T-cell responses to the major dog allergen Can f 1
Authors: Suvi Parviainen, Antti Taivainen, Aino Liukko, Anssi Nieminen, Marja Rytkönen-Nissinen, Tuure Kinnunen, Tuomas Virtanen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
TCT-623 Procedural Results and Mid-Term Outcome of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions with Everolimus-eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds: Evidence of a Learing Curve
Authors: Jens Wiebe, Christoph Liebetrau, Timm Bauer, Oliver Doerr, Eva M. Wilkens, Stephan Achenbach, Helge Moellmann, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)