tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of polymorphonuclear cell activation by thrombopoietin.
Authors: M F Brizzi, E Battaglia, A Rosso, P Strippoli, G Montrucchio, G Camussi, L Pegoraro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) regulates early and late stages of platelet formation as well as platelet activation. TPO exerts its effects by binding to the receptor, encoded by the protooncogene c-mpl, that is expressed in a large number of cells of hematopoietic origin. In this study, we evaluated the expression of c-Mpl and the effects of TPO on human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). We demonstrate that PMN express the TPO receptor c-Mpl and that TPO induces STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation and the formation of a serum inducible element complex containing STAT1. The analysis of biological effects of TPO on PMN demonstrated that TPO, at concentrations of 1-10 ng/ml, primes the response of PMN to n-formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP) by inducing an early oxidative burst. TPO-induced priming on FMLP-stimulated PMN was also detected on the tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 28 kD. Moreover, we demonstrated that TPO by itself was able to stimulate, at doses ranging from 0.05 to 10 ng/ml, early release and delayed synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8). Thus, our data indicate that, in addition to sustaining megakaryocytopoiesis, TPO may have an important role in regulating PMN activation.
Changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration after weight reduction in grossly obese subjects.
Authors: D A Streja, E Boyko, S W Rabkin
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Changes in serum lipoproteins associated with weight loss were assessed in 13 grossly obese (relative weight 183%) patients who had participated in an outpatient semi-starvation diet consisting of liquid protein and carbohydrate. At the follow-up examination an average of six and a half months after the start of refeeding the mean weight loss was 16.1 +/- 4.5 kg or 15% of initial body weight. Significant increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 0.16 +/- 0.05 mmol/l (6 +/- 2 mg/100 ml) and decreases in triglycerides (0.8 +/- 0.23 mmol/l; 73 +/- 20 mg/100 ml) and fasting blood sugar (0.6 +/- 0.22 mmol/l; 11 +/- 4 mg/100 ml) were observed. Changes in HDL cholesterol correlated significantly with changes in weight (r = 0.667) and percentage change in weight. The intercept of the regression equation relating HDL cholesterol to percentage change in weight was -7.3, indicating that a change in HDL cholesterol greater than zero required a weight loss of at least 7.3% of body weight. Thus, weight loss can significantly increase HDL cholesterol concentrations but a considerable amount of weight must be lost to produce a significant increase in HDL cholesterol concentration.
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E phenotype E3/3. Structure and genetics of an apolipoprotein E3 variant.
Authors: S C Rall, Y M Newhouse, H R Clarke, K H Weisgraber, B J McCarthy, R W Mahley, T P Bersot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

A family has been described in which type III hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with apo E phenotype E3/3 (Havel, R. J., L. Kotite, J. P. Kane, P. Tun, and T. Bersot. 1983. J. Clin. Invest. 72:379-387). In the current study, the structure of apo E from the propositus of this family was determined using both protein and DNA analyses. The propositus is heterozygous for two different apo E alleles, one coding for normal apo E3 and one for a previously undescribed variant apo E3 in which arginine replaces cysteine at residue 112 and cysteine replaces arginine at residue 142. Apo E gene analysis of nine other family members spanning four generations indicated that only those five members having type III hyperlipoproteinemia possess the variant apo E3. Like the propositus, all five are heterozygous for this variant, suggesting that the disorder in this family is transmitted in a dominant fashion. The variant apo E3 was defective in its ability to bind to lipoprotein receptors, and this functional defect probably contributes to the expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia in this family.
Government delays in banning tobacco displays in England lead to frustration
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Cancer Research UK, the BMA, and other experts have said they are disappointed by the government decision to delay removing tobacco displays from shops in England.

Although the government’s new tobacco control plan for England announced an intention to consult on forcing tobacco products into plain, unbranded packs, it also gives retailers extra time to prepare for the tobacco display provisions in the 2009 Health Act. The decision to delay implementing the tobacco display legislation for large shops until April 2012 and for all other shops until April 2015 has frustrated some professional groups and campaigning organisations.

The paper also says the government will continue to defend tobacco legislation against legal challenges by the tobacco industry, including legislation to stop tobacco sales from vending machines from October this year. The …
First national paediatric formulary is launched in the UK
Authors: C. Basu
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This week the first national paediatric formulary, Medicines for Children, was launched in the United Kingdom. A joint standing committee of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group took more than three years to compile this comprehensive, research based guide, which specifically recommends drug dosages and treatment regimens for children.

The formulary has been published in response to criticisms by …
Inhibition of erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients by topical erythromycin with and without zinc
Authors: R.A. BOJAR, B.A. EADY, C.E. JONES, W.I. CUNIJFFH, K.T. HOLLAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Propionibacteria resistant to high concentrations of erythromycin [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)≥0·5 mg/ml) are now commonly isolated from the skin of antibiotic‐treated acne patients. This double‐blind study was carried out to assess the ability of 4% w·v erythromycin with and without 1–2% w/v nine acetate to reduce the numbers of erythromycin‐resistant propionibacteria in vivo, and also to monitor the acquisition of resistant strains de novo during therapy. Under laboratory conditions, erythromycin‐resistant propionibacteria were shown to be as sensitive to zinc acetate as fully sensitive strains. In vivo, the erythromycin/zinc complex and erythromycin alone produced highly significant reductions in total propionibacteria (P<0·01) and in the number of erythromycin‐resistant strains (P<0·01 at 8 weeks). After 12 weeks, resistant propionibacteria were re‐acquired, or acquired de novo. by three patients treated with erythromycin alone and four patients treated with the erythromycin/zinc complex. In contrast, changes in numbers of Micrococcaceae were slight and. after 12 weeks, erythromycin‐resistant strains were predominant in both treatment groups. In vitro MIC determinations suggested that this finding might be explained by the exceptionally high degree of erythromycin resistance displayed by some staphylococcal strains (MIC>4 mg/ml) and by the relative insensitivity of all staphylococcal strains to zinc acetate. Krythromycin with and without zinc was clinically effective, and both preparations produced significant reductions in acne grade, and inflamed and non‐inflamed lesion counts (F<0·001). In particular, 11 of 12 patients who harboured >103 c.f.u. erythromycin‐resistant propionibacteria/cm2 skin pretreatment (seven on the erythromycin/zinc complex and five on erythromycin alone) showed clinical improvement, with a>50% reduction in acne grade and/or lesion count. These results show that topical 4% w/v erythromycin with and without zinc eradicates erythromycin‐resistant propionibac‐teria in vivo, and is thus therapeutlcally effective in patients who harbour such strains.
Proportion of Diabetes Type in Early-Onset Diabetes in Japan
Authors: Yohei Ogawa, Yasuko Uchigata, Toshika Otani, Yasuhiko Iwamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Since 1990, we have reported hospital-based studies concerning Japanese patients with early-onset diabetes in our Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan (1). Our goal is to confirm the proportion of type 1 versus type 2 diabetes in early-onset diabetes in Japan in our center with that of the Asian group in The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, a recent population-based study concerning the prevalence of diabetes in youth (2). …
Accidental Hepatitis-B-Surface-Antigen-Positive Inoculations
Authors: BARBARA G. WERNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We assessed the ability of radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to predict infectivity in exposed medical personnel by analyzing 390 samples of sera positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that were implicated in accidental inoculations of known outcome. The radioimmunoassay detected HBeAg or its antibody (anti-HBe) in 91% of the donor sera. The incidence of hepatitis B was 19% (44 of 234) in recipients of HBeAg-positive sera but was only 2.5% (three of 121) in recipients of sera positive for anti-HBe, and nil (none of 35) in recipients of sera negative for HBeAg and anti-HBe. The known relation of HBeAg and infectivity was quantified by radioimmunoassay as a risk ratio of 10:1 (HBeAg-positive to HBeAg-negative) for this type of exposure. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay also showed that a large proportion (55%) of donor sera not producing hepatitis were positive for HBeAg; therefore, even the most flagrant needlestick exposures to HBsAg-positive sera often must involve subthreshold amounts of infective material.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and myeloproliferative syndromes
Authors: P. Foa, M. Cortellaro, S. Ortolani, E. Pogliani, A. Iurlo, L. Zocchi, A. Gualdoni, A. T. Maiolo, E. E. Polli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)
Potential curability of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia without use of chemotherapy: the example of liposomal all-trans retinoic acid
Authors: Elihu Estey, Charles Koller, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Susan O'Brien, Miloslav Beran, Jorge Cortes, Maribel Tirado-Gomez, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2005)
Cooperation for Allied Health Education
Authors: Ralph C. Kuhli
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Twenty-eight medical specialty and allied health organizations are collaborating with the AMA Council on Medical Education in a consortium to help all concerned with educational programs for 24 allied medical occupations.  This involves the understanding and cooperation of many persons and organizations. As a group they work to resolve major issues, such as common courses and career mobility, continuing education for allied health occupations, equivalency and proficiency examinations, fees for accreditation services, institutional and geographic approaches to program evaluation, instructor preparation, legislation concerning allied health education, military allied medical education, research to validate the process of evaluation, and terminology in allied health occupations.  A major service provided by the AMA and collaborating organizations is to provide standards that are essential for an educational program, and to publicly list the educational programs that meet or exceed those Essentials . The collaborating organizations sponsor 14 review committees that send survey teams to make
Noninvasive ventilation after extubation reduced respiratory failure and 90-day mortality in hypercapnic patients
Authors: Jill C. Rudkowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Ferrer M, Sellarés J, Valencia M, et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374:1082-8. 19682735
Updated Guidelines Address 'Hot Topics'
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

FOR SOME physicians, the term<i>effective prevention</i>still may be little more than a puzzling oxymoron. The long-term benefits of preventive services such as childhood immunizations are no secret. But the issue becomes clouded when more controversial procedures such as prostate cancer screening or mammography between the ages of 40 and 50 years enter the clinical picture. "It's a large gray area," acknowledges Edward Wagner, MD, MPH, director of the Center for Health Studies at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound in Seattle, Wash. Even so, Wagner and other proponents of population-based medicine say its success hinges on the widespread provision of preventive services that have scientific data to back up their efficacy. The question nagging at many physicians, however, is how to bring a little more black and white to some of the gray areas. By the end of this year, the US Preventive Services Task Force hopes to
Pancreatic and Ampullary Carcinoma. Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography
Authors: H.-J. Brambs, C. D. Claussen
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Ultrasound remains the most readily available and least expensive of the imaging techniques used in assessment of the upper abdomen. Ultrasound is very useful in the detection of pancreatic tumors as well as in the evaluation of the extent of the disease. If ultrasound fails technically or is inconclusive, CT is recommended. Determination of CA 19-9 may help to decide whether ultrasound should be followed by CT or other examinations (51). Patients with any equivocal or inconclusive abnormality on ultrasound or CT should undergo ERCP. Even when ultrasound and CT of the pancreas appear normal there may be an indication for performing ERCP if the clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer is still strong (52). Angiography is a reliable method of assessing major vascular tumor involvement, which to most surgeons would be a sign of unresectability. Although for some investigators CT is superior to angiography in assessing vascular involvement, angiography is performed preoperatively in many cases because it delineates the vascular anatomy, which can be abnormal in up to one third of patients. Percutaneous biopsy is an important technique for confirming the radiologic diagnosis of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma, particularly for differentiating pancreas carcinoma from other focal pancreatic lesions such as islet cell tumor, lymphoma, and chronic pancreatitis.
Reflectance spectrophotometric monitoring of the isolated perfused heart as a method of measuring the oxidation-reduction state of cytochromes and oxygenation of myoglobin
Authors: I E HASSINEN, J K HILTUNEN, T E S TAKALA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Reflectance spectrophotometry was assessed as a means of detecting metabolic oxidation-reduction changes in cytochromes and the oxygenation level of myoglobin in isolated perfused rat hearts. The movement artefact due to the heartbeat was largely eliminated by appropriate design of the optical geometry. A considerable myocardial oxygen gradient was detected using myoglobin deoxygenation as an indicator. The oxygenation level of myoglobin oscillated in pace with the contraction/relaxation cycle of the heart, deoxygenation occurring during the systole. The inconsistency in the previous reports on the myoglobin oxygenation and the problems of spectrophotometry of the beating heart are discussed.
Gonococcal Arthritis in Children
Authors: Chester W. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Six children with gonococcal arthritis were seen at Parkland Memorial Hospital and the Children's Medical Center in Dallas during a 2 1/2-year period. There were five girls and one boy. The clinical manifestations were variable. A migratory polyarthritis with eventual localization in one or more joints was most common. Gonococci were cultured from a joint or the vagina in all but one of the six patients. Sera of all six contained gonococcal antibodies as revealed by the fluorescent antibody technique. A survey of cultures done at both hospitals during the period Jan 1, 1964, through March 31, 1965, has revealed 17 infants and children with culture-positive, nonarthritic gonococcal disease, in addition to the six with gonococcal arthritis.
THE BOTANY OF SOUTHWEST TEXAS, WITH REFERENCE TO HAY-FEVER AND ASTHMA
Authors: I. S. KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

This article is the result of a year's study of glycerin pollen plates exposed twenty-four hours, later stained with compound solution of iodin, and examined twice each week. The plates were exposed in both the residence and business districts of San Antonio; in addition, a number of plates have been studied from Houston, Dallas, Corpus Christi and smaller cities nearer San Antonio. The actual field botany work and identification of specimens were done in connection with Miss Ellen Schulz, professor of botany in the San Antonio high schools, and Mr. Wallace Butler of the local U. S. Agricultural Experimental Station. <h3>GRASSES</h3> Grasses of numerous species in and about San Antonio grow profusely and constitute, by all odds, the most important pollen factor locally in hay-fever and asthma. The earliest pollen of the year found in the air was that of winter grass (<i>Bromus unioloides</i>), which has a short pollination season
Time dependent changes in the functional properties of the atrioventricular conduction system in man.
Authors: C P Reddy, A N Damato, M Akhtar, J B Ogunkelu, A R Caracta, J N Ruskin, S H Lau
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Time dependent changes in the electrophysiological properties of the atrioventricular conducting system (AVCS) were determined at two or more cycle lengths (CL) in 22 patients using bundle of His (H) electrograms, incremental atrial pacing and atrial extrastimulus method. The atrioventricular (A-H interval) and intraventricular (H-V interval) conduction times and refractory periods (RP) of the atrium, the A-V node (AVN) and His-Purkinje system (HPS) were measured during the control period, and repeat measurements were made after a 30 minute interval in eight patients (group A), after a 60 minute interval in nine (group B) and after 30 and 60 minute intervals in five (group C). No statistically significant changes from control values were seen after 30 and 60 minute intervals in any group in sinus rate, A-V nodal conduction time and the onset of A-V nodal Wenckebach block. H-V intervals were identical to the control values in all groups. Insignificant changes from control values occurred in RP of the atrium and HPS. Only the functional refractory period (FRP) of the AVN showed a statistically significant decrease from control values in groups B and C. This decrease could be explained by changes in autonomic tone. These observations in general confirm the reproducibility of electrophysiological properties of AVCS within one hour, and further support the validity of the techniques utilized in this and previously reported studies in the evaluation of cardioactive drugs.
Genetic Modifiers of Lung Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Mitchell L. Drumm, Michael W. Konstan, Mark D. Schluchter, Allison Handler, Rhonda Pace, Fei Zou, Maimoona Zariwala, David Fargo, Airong Xu, John M. Dunn, Rebecca J. Darrah, Ruslan Dorfman, Andrew J. Sandford, Mary Corey, Julian Zielenski, Peter Durie, Katrina Goddard, James R. Yankaskas, Fred A. Wright, Michael R. Knowles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Polymorphisms in genes other than the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene may modify the severity of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Apoptosis of naive CD4+ T-cells from HIV-infected patients with poor immune response to HAART is enhanced in vitro by steroid
Authors: Pierre-Marie Roger, Isabelle Perbost, Michel Ticchioni, Jean-Gabriel Fuzibet, Jean-Philippe Breittmayer, Jacques Durant, Alain Pesce, Alain Bernard, Pierre Dellamonica
Journal: Journal of Infection (2003)
The Medical Management of Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Edward Meilman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE availability of powerful hypotensive agents has placed new responsibilities on the physician caring for patients with hypertensive disease. Slightly over a decade ago the medical armamentarium for hypertension consisted of sedatives such as barbiturates and bromides, vasodilators such as the nitrites and xanthines, thiocyanates and reassurance.1 The advantages of salt restriction originally proposed by Allen2 in 1920 and Allen and Sherrill3 in 1922 did not have wide recognition. In fact, diet was recommended only for obesity. The role and the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic measures were, however, well understood.4 , 5 The large group of patients with "essential" hypertension were generally considered . . .
Enzyme‐Responsive Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Quantum Dot Nanocarriers for Controlled Release of Nucleus‐Targeted Drug Molecules and Real‐Time Intracellular Fluorescence Imaging of Tumor Cells
Authors: Jinming Li, Fang Liu, Qing Shao, Yuanzeng Min, Marianne Costa, Edwin K. L. Yeow, Bengang Xing
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Here, a set of novel and personalized nanocarriers are presented for controlled nucleus‐targeted antitumor drug delivery and real‐time imaging of intracellular drug molecule trafficking by integrating an enzyme activatable cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with mesoporous silica coated quantum dots nanoparticles. Upon loading of antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX) and further exposure to proteases in tumor cell environment, the enzymatic cleavage of peptide sequence activates oligocationic TAT residues on the QDs@mSiO2 surface and direct the DOX delivery into cellular nucleus. The systematic cell imaging and cytotoxicity studies confirm that the enzyme responsive DOX‐loaded CPP‐QDs@mSiO2 nanoparticles can selectively release DOX in the tumor cells with high cathepsin B enzyme expression and greatly facilitate DOX accumulation in targeted nucleus, thus exhibiting enhanced antitumor activity in these cells. As contrast, there is limited nuclear‐targeted drug accumulation and lower tumor cytotoxicity observed in the cells without enzyme expression. More importantly, significant antitumor DOX accumulation and higher tumor inactivation is also found in the drug resistant tumor cells with targeted enzyme expression. Such simple and specific enzyme responsive mesoporous silica‐QDs nanoconjugates provide great promise for rational design of targeted drug delivery into biological system, and may thus greatly facilitate the medical theranostics in the near future.
Increased Risk for Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Erica Cohen, Garth Fuller, Roger Bolus, Rusha Modi, Michelle Vu, Kamyar Shahedi, Rena Shah, Mary Atia, Nicole Kurzbard, Victoria Sheen, Nikhil Agarwal, Marc Kaneshiro, Linnette Yen, Paul Hodgkins, M. Haim Erder, Brennan Spiegel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Inhibition of acute platelet thrombosis formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries by specific serotonin 5HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin
Authors: S. Torr, M. I. Noble, J. D Folts
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Inhibition of acute platelet thrombosis formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries by specific serotonin 5HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin Get access Sheryl Torr, Sheryl Torr Correspondence to: Professor Noble Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark IM Noble, Mark IM Noble Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D Folts John D Folts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 6, June 1990, Pages 465–470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.6.465 Published: 01 June 1990 Article history Received: 05 October 1989 Accepted: 31 January 1990 Published: 01 June 1990