tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene Mappers Form Collaborations
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

NEW ALLIANCES are forming to address one of this century's greatest scientific challenges—mapping and sequencing the human genome. In recent months, organizations with an interest in tackling the problem have decided to collaborate in deciding how the ambitious project will be managed nationally and internationally. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE), the two agencies that were considered major rivals for leadership of the US program, reached a rapprochement of sorts in September. That month, the NIH director, James B. Wyngaarden, MD, and Robert O. Hunter, PhD, director of the DOE's Office of Energy Research, drafted a memorandum of understanding establishing a joint scientific advisory commission and interagency working group, both consisting of representatives from the two agencies. The memorandum had the two agencies agreeing to sponsor an annual symposium to evaluate progress, to share information, and to cooperate in awarding research grants. They also
Requirement of CD3 Complex–associated Signaling Functions for Expression of Rearranged T Cell Receptor β VDJ Genes in Early Thymic Development
Authors: Andreas Würch, Judit Biro, Alexandre J. Potocnik, Ingrid Falk, Horst Mossmann, Klaus Eichmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

During αβ thymocyte development, the clonotypic αβ–T cell receptor (TCR) is preceded by sequentially expressed immature versions of the TCR–CD3 complex: the pre-TCR, containing a clonotypic TCR-β chain and invariant pre-Tα, is expressed on pre-T cells before rearrangement of the TCR-α locus. Moreover, clonotype-independent CD3 complexes (CIC) appear on pro-T cells before VDJ rearrangements of TCR-β genes. The pre-TCR is known to mediate TCR-β selection, the prerequisite for maturation of CD4−8− double negative (DN) thymocytes to the CD4+8+ double positive stage. A developmental function of CIC has so far not been delineated. In mice single deficient and double deficient for CD3ζ/η and/or p56lck, we observe a pronounced reduction in the proportions of CD25+ DN thymocytes that express intracellular TCR-β chains. TCR-β transcripts are reduced in parallel with TCR-β polypeptide chains whereas no reduction in TCR-β locus rearrangements could be detected. Wild-type levels of TCR-β transcripts and of cells expressing TCR-β polypeptide chains are induced by treatment with anti-CD3ε mAb. The data suggest that the initial expression of rearranged TCR-β VDJ genes in pro-T cell to pre-T cell progression is dependent on CD3 complex signaling, and thus define a putative developmental function for CIC.
Autoantibodies as reporters identifying aberrant cellular mechanisms in tumorigenesis
Authors: Eng M. Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

A common, if not intrinsic, feature of autoimmunity is a humoral immune response manifested by the production of autoantibodies targeted against self-cellular proteins and nucleic acids (1). Although first studied comprehensively in rheumatic autoimmune disease, autoantibodies and autoimmunity have now become major areas of research in many other illnesses, including type 1 diabetes and other diseases discussed in this Perspective series (2–4); the paraneoplastic neurological disorder (PND) syndromes (5, 6); bullous skin diseases; liver disease; and many others (for review see ref. 7). Among the many known autoantigens are several ubiquitous cellular proteins involved in fundamental cellular functions such as DNA replication and transcription. The process by which these and other self-molecules become immunogenic is not yet understood (8).

The study of tumor-associated autoimmunity may offer insights not only into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in general, but perhaps also into the events that drive certain classes of cancer. Thus, changes in the structure or expression of certain self proteins, occurring during tumorigenesis, suggest mechanisms by which the immune system could be primed to perceive tumor-associated epitopes as foreign. One major route to cancer autoimmunity involves genetic mutations resulting in the production of defective p53 tumor suppressor protein. Another pathway, active in individuals with liver cancer, involves the aberrant expression of specific mRNA-binding proteins that may induce cell proliferation by preventing the turnover of mRNAs for growth factors. Other classes of mRNA-binding protein are normally restricted to the immunologically privileged domain of the brain but can become expressed ectopically and represent autoantigens in the PND syndromes. Together, these findings highlight the importance of altered post-transcriptional control at different stages of tumorigenesis.
Facteurs prédictifs du résultat et des complications de l'ampullectomie endoscopique: étude prospective
Authors: J Escourrou, L Buscail, H Shehab, B Bournet, J Moreau, P Andrau
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Le traitement endoscopique des tumeurs de la région vatérienne est reconnu comme techniquement possible avec une morbidité et une mortalité inférieure à la duodénopancréatectomie céphalique. Les facteurs prédictifs de complication à court et à long terme et de récidive sont mal connus. Le but de notre étude est d'évaluer prospectivement les facteurs favorisants la récidive tumorale et les complications immédiates et à long terme.
New Estimates of the Underinsured Younger Than 65 Years
Authors: Pamela Farley Short
Journal: JAMA (1995)

We estimate that at least 29 million Americans with private insurance are underinsured. That figure identifies the underinsured younger than 65 years by the risk of large out-of-pocket expenditures for an unusually expensive, catastrophic illness. A slightly smaller number, about 25 million, are underinsured by an alternate definition: they have insurance that pays a smaller proportion of claims than the plan with the largest enrollment in the federal employee program. The federal employee plan was the insurance standard proposed in several recent health system reform bills. Our estimate of the number of people who are underinsured for catastrophic illness is almost half again larger than the number that was widely cited during last year's debates on health system reform. That estimate was based on the same concept but was projected from a study published 10 years ago.
Bacteriophage Therapy in Infective Childhood Asthma
Authors: Heinz J. Wittig
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A majority of cases of asthma encountered in the first decade of life can be classified as "infective asthma."<sup>1</sup>This condition is characterized by association of asthmatic attacks with episodes of infection and by lack of demonstrable allergic etiology. Most conventional therapeutic approaches to the problem of prevention of such attacks have been disappointing in their results. In 1963, Baker,<sup>2</sup>as well as Salmon and Symonds,<sup>3</sup>had claimed beneficial effects on chronic childhood asthma from injections with staphylococcus bacteriophage lysate vaccine (staphage lysate). This material is produced from broth cultures of virulent strains of coagulase-positive<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, serologic types I and III, which have been lysed by a bacteriophage. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Forty-four children with "infective asthma," who had been followed for at least one year prior to study in the Outpatient Department of Jersey City Medical Center and who had shown definite association of asthma with
Persimmon leaf extract and astragalin inhibit development of dermatitis and IgE elevation in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Mayumi Kotani, Motonobu Matsumoto, Akihito Fujita, Shinji Higa, Way Wang, Masaki Suemura, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Toshio Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Primidone Treatment of Athetosis in Children
Authors: J. Lorber
Journal: BMJ (1958)

TEST FOR INCREASED COLD AGGLUTININS B test-tube is chilled; under these circumstances an excess of cold antibody causes the red cells to agglutinate almost immediately, whereas a normal amount fails to produce agglutination even after prolonged chilling.Tests were recorded as positive or negative respec- tively, and were compared with titrations in 92 in- stances; they were usually positive at a titre of 64, always negative at 16 or lower, and always positive at 256 or higher.The diagnostic value of the test was assessed in 583 children and adults suffering from a variety of conditions.With 3 exceptions a rapid screening test was positive only in association with virus pneumonia.The test has several advantages over titration as a method for estimating cold agglutinins: (1) Venepunc- ture is unnecessary; (2) no special equipment is re- quired; (3) it is a measure of the avidity of agglutina- tion as well as of the titre; (4) it takes less than a minute to perform; (5) the same sample of blood can be tested as often as desired.It has been found of con- siderable value in the diagnosis of virus pneumonia and could be performed as readily in general practice as in hospital.
Chromoendoscopic Colonoscopy for Detecting Preneoplastic Lesions in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome
Authors: T LECOMTE, C CELLIER, T MEATCHI, J BARBIER, P CUGNENC, R JIAN, P LAURENTPUIG, B LANDI
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Response of Thiazide-lnduced Hypokalemia to Amiloride
Authors: Robert F. Maronde
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The effects of amiloride hydrochloride on thiazide-induced hypokalemia were evaluated. In metabolic balance studies, amiloride reversed thiazide-induced urinary potassium loss, restored plasma bicarbonate concentration and pH to pretreatment levels, and produced further increases in aldosterone secretion. Effects of long-term administration of hydrochlorothiazide and an amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide combination were compared in outpatients who had experienced thiazide-induced hypokalemia while receiving oral potassium supplements. After eight weeks, those given hydrochlorothiazide alone had an average serum potassium level of 3.01 +/- 0.08 mEq/L). Those given the amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide combination had an average serum potassium level of 3.75 +/- 0.008 mEq/L, not significantly different from the control value (3.82 +/- 0.08 mEq/L). Both groups had increased plasma aldosterone concentrations and plasma renin activity. The potassium-conserving effect of amiloride persisted with extended therapy.
Decline of Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Symptoms in Children
Authors: JOACHIM HEINRICH, BERND HOELSCHER, H. ERICH WICHMANN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Several regional cross-sectional studies have shown a consistently higher prevalence of respiratory disorders in children with exposure to total suspended particulates (TSP) than in children living in less polluted areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal changes in the prevalence of nonasthmatic respiratory symptoms and diseases in children living in three areas of East Germany during a phase of strong improvement in ambient air quality. Groups of 2,470 and 2,814 school children between 5 and 14 yr, respectively, participated in two regional cross-sectional studies in 1992–1993 and 1995–1996. In the three areas (Hettstedt, Bitterfeld, and Zerbst) examined in the study, the annual mean TSP decreased from 65, 48, and 44 μ g/m3, respectively, in 1993 to 43, 39, and 36 μ g/m3 in 1995. In the same time interval, the crude prevalence of bronchitis in the three respective areas decreased from 62%, 52%, and 50% to 47%, 40%, and 39%. During the 3-yr period between the two regional studies, prevalence decreased significantly for bronchitis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55; confidence interval [CI]: 0.49 to 0.62), for otitis media (OR: 0.83; CI: 0.73 to 0.96), for frequent colds (OR: 0.74; CI: 0.64 to 0.86), and for febrile infections (OR: 0.76; CI: 0.66 to 0.88) after adjustment for several potential predictors. In conclusion, we found that the prevalence of nonasthmatic respiratory symptoms decreased from the first period to the second period in all three study areas.
Dubos-Dubois Dichotomy
Authors: Suzanne Sonnefeld
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter to the editor by Roger W. Pease, Jr, PhD (242:413, 1979), continues a laudable tradition of examining the historical and current usage of words. Unfortunately, in this case, it also has propagated further fumbles that might cause difficulties for readers wishing to investigate the sources. Pease cites R. "Dubois"—who never did and never will have an "i" in his last name—as having written<i>Mankind Evolving</i>(New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1962). It was written by Theodosious Dobzhansky and published by the same press as<i>Man Adapting</i>, by René Dubos, in 1965. Whether credit for the new sense of "multifactorial" is due to Dubos or to Dobzhansky I leave to Dr Pease to discover. I have to go back to work now.
Evaluation of the Left Ventricle in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, RICHARD W. CAMPBELL, CHARLES M. WUNSCH, EDWARD F. STEINMETZ
Journal: Circulation (1966)

In an attempt to objectively evaluate the status of the left ventricle in 32 patients with mitral stenosis, a modified form of supine leg exercise was done during simultaneous left and right heart catheterization. Besides measuring the usual hemodynamic parameters, a ratio of mitral valve flow (MVF) or diastolic left ventricular volume change (Δv/Δt) and the slope of the rise of left ventricular diastolic pressure (Δp/Δt) was calculated at rest and during exercise (Δv/Δp). The results of these measurements were compared with those obtained on nine patients with either innocent functional heart murmurs or hemodynamically insignificant stenotic valvular lesions. None of the nine control patients had left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) greater than 12 mm Hg either at rest or with exercise. Exercise also did not appreciably alter the Δv/Δp ratio. Among the patients with mitral stenosis eight patients had distinctly elevated (greater than 14 mm Hg) LVEDP with exercise and 19 patients, including the eight with abnormal LVEDP, decreased the Δv/Δp ratio with exercise. The difficulties and limitations associated with this type of study are discussed. However, there is a distinct possibility that these results are indicative of an abnormal left ventricle in some patients with mitral stenosis. It is further suggested that this abnormality may be related in some way to decreased left ventricular compliance. In addition, a close statistical correlation between Δv/Δp and cardiac output implicates this left ventricular abnormality as a possible etiological factor in the reduced cardiac output seen in many patients with mitral stenosis.
Retroviral microarray-based platform on nanostructured TiO2 for functional genomics and drug discovery
Authors: Roberta Carbone, Luca Giorgetti, Andrea Zanardi, Ida Marangi, Elisabetta Chierici, Gero Bongiorno, Francesca Fiorentini, Mario Faretta, Paolo Piseri, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Paolo Milani
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
PHASE 1, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL EVALUATING THE ANTIPLATELET EFFECTS OF NAPROXEN AND ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM (VIMOVO™) AND CONCOMITANT LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN
Authors: Dominick J. Angiolillo, Clara Hwang, Cathy Datto, Mark Sostek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A RAPID, SIMPLE, AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR LABELING WHITE BLOOD CELLS WITH INDIUM-111 OXINE
Authors: Sheryl A. Gray, Elizabeth Fennelly, Michael S. Kipper, Kathryn F. Witztum, Thomas A. Lane
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Gray, Sheryl A.; Fennelly, Elizabeth; Kipper, Michael S.; Witztum, Kathryn F.; Lane, Thomas A. Author Information
Postcoronary Patient Visiting High Altitudes
Authors: Martin I. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  I am disturbed by the answer which John H.K. Vogel, MD, provided in response to the query of a postcoronary patient vacationing at Estes Park, Colo, at 7,522 feet altitude ( 210: 731, 1969).  Dr. Vogel states that physiologic changes would be favorable and specifies a number of cardiovascular trends occurring ten days after going from sea level to 10,000 feet. The patient, however, is certainly subjected to a decreased arterial oxygen tension (Pao 2 ) during these first few days and cannot be considered immune until such benefit accrues. Dr. Vogel states that the Pao 2 at 7,522 feet would be 60 mm Hg. The Pao 2 is not simply a function of PiO 2 (which of course depends on the barometric pressure and inhalation concentration of oxygen), but it is vitally dependent on: distribution, diffusion, and ventilation/perfusion factors in addition to the Paco 2 . The mild polycythemic
A Case–Referent Study of Lung Cancer and Incense Smoke, Smoking, and Residential Radon in Chinese Men
Authors: Lap Ah Tse, Ignatius Tak-sun Yu, Hong Qiu, Joseph Siu Kai Au, Xiao-rong Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Burning incense generates large amounts of air pollutants, many of which are confirmed or suspected human lung carcinogens.We conducted a population-based case-referent study to examine the effect of incense smoke exposure on lung cancer risk among Chinese males and explored the joint effect of cigarette smoking and exposure to residential radon.We recruited 1,208 male lung cancer incident cases and 1,069 community referents from 2004 to 2006 and estimated their lifetime exposures to incense smoke and other residential indoor air pollutants based on self-reported information collected during interviews. We performed unconditional multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer associated with exposure to incense smoke after adjusting for possible confounders. We conducted stratified analyses by smoking status and exposures to incense burning and residential radon and explored the potential additive-scale interactions.We observed an association between incense exposure and lung cancer that was limited primarily to smokers. Cigarette smoking and high cumulative incense exposure at home appeared to have a synergistic effect on lung cancer (compared with never-smokers who never used incense, the OR for lung cancer for smokers who used incense ≥ 60 day-years = 5.00; 95% confidence interval: 3.34, 7.51). Power was limited, but we also found preliminary evidence suggesting that radon exposure may increase risk among smokers using incense.Our study suggests that exposure to incense smoke in the home may increase the risk of lung cancer among smokers and that exposure to radon may further increase risk.
Survival of Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: TRYGGVI ASMUNDSSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two hundred thirty-nine episodes of acute respiratory failure were studied prospectively in 146 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency during 4 years. Survivors were followed from 6 to 48 months. Patients survived 68% of episodes. Sixty percent of patients survived the initial episodes of respiratory failure, and 55% were alive after 6 months. During the next 2 years the mortality of these patients was high so that only 20% survived 30 months, and the same percentage survived 48 months. The plateau of the survival of these patients after 30 months strongly suggested that the survivors had either stable or slowly progressive disease. In contrast, those patients who had insufficiency from progressive pulmonary disease died within 30 months. Obese patients and bronchitic patients without emphysema survived more frequently than patients with emphysema alone or those with chronic diffuse infiltrative disease. Surviving patients were younger, without recent losses of body mass, edema, or anemia. They had less reduction of expiratory flow rates and vital capacities, less hypercapnia, and mild acidosis and hypoxia. Patients with a poor prognosis were elderly, with decreased body mass, weight below 110 lb, with edema and anemia. They had lower midexpiratory flow rates and vital capacities, more severe hypoxia (PaO2 < 40 mm Hg), or severe hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 80 mm Hg) with acidosis (H ion > 60 nmoles/1, pH < 7.22).
Assessing the onset of pre-eclampsia in the hospital day unit: summary of the pre-eclampsia guideline (PRECOG II)
Authors: F. Milne, C. Redman, J. Walker, P. Baker, R. Black, J. Blincowe, C. Cooper, G. Fletcher, M. Jokinen, P. A Moran, C. Nelson-Piercy, S. Robson, A. Shennan, A. Tuffnell, J. Waugh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Pre-eclampsia remains a leading cause of maternal death, with 72% of pre-eclampsia cases associated with substandard care.1 One in 10 pregnant women develop partial signs or symptoms (73 000 a year in the United Kingdom); about 20% of these progress to pre-eclampsia.2 3 This article summarises recommendations from the Pre-Eclampsia Community Guideline (PRECOG) Group4 under the auspices of the charity Action on Pre-eclampsia. The recommendations cover the assessment of women with suspected pre-eclampsia by hospital midwives in day assessment units and complements our previous community based advice.5 6 PRECOG recommendations (see table 1⇓ for definitions used) are based on systematic review of evidence and expert consensus, graded A, B, C, or D; a "good practice point"(GPP) is based on the guideline development group's experience (box 1). The grading is shown in parentheses after each recommendation. View this table: Table 1 Definitions used in the PRECOG recommendations #### Box 1 Levels of evidence on which recommendations are based*† ##### Grading of recommendations ##### Grading (level) of evidence
Pupillary Abnormalities in Type I Diabetes Occurring During Adolescence: Comparisons with cardiovascular reflexes
Authors: Josef Schwingshandl, Judy M Simpson, Kim Donaghue, Mary-Ann Bonney, Neville J Howard, Martin Silink
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate computerized infrared pupillometry for the assessment of autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type I diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured resting pupil diameters and pupillary light reflexes in 142 adolescents with type I diabetes (72 boys and 70 girls, 10.4–19.8 yr of age, duration of diabetes 0.7–18.3 yr) and in 75 nondiabetic control subjects (29 boys, 46 girls, 11.3–19.8 yr of age). All study participants were assessed using four standard cardiovascular tests: maximum – minimum heart rate during deep breathing (mean of three cycles); heart-rate change during a Valsalva maneuver (Valsalva ratio, mean of three maneuvers); lying-to-standing heart-rate change (30:15 ratio); and lying-to-standing BP change. RESULTS Mean resting pupil diameters were significantly smaller in the diabetic group: 6.28 ± 0.06 vs. 6.77 ± 0.11 mm, P &amp;lt; 0.0001); and significantly smaller with greater duration of diabetes (r = −0.29, P = 0.0006) and higher levels of GHb (r = −0.24, P = 0.004). Patients with retinopathy grade 30 or more (Wisconsin 191 grading) had significantly smaller resting pupil diameters: 5.9 ± 0.16 vs. 6.4 ± 0.12 mm, P = 0.008). The phasic light reflex as determined by reflex amplitude and maximum constriction velocity was significantly reduced in the diabetic group: 2.27 ± 0.03 vs. 2.44 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.0009; and 6.68 ± 0.12 vs. 7.24 ± 0.16 mm/s, P = 0.007). Reduced reflex amplitude was related to a longer postpubertal duration of diabetes (r = −0.18, P = 0.04). We found no association between pupillary and cardiovascular tests. CONCLUSIONS Infrared computerized pupillometry demonstrates subclinical diabetic autonomic neuropathy as early as adolescence. Its presence seems to be related to longer duration of diabetes and unfavorable metabolic control.