tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Aldosteronism: Factors Associated with Normalization of Blood Pressure after Surgery
Authors: Anna M. Sawka, William F. Young, Geoffrey B. Thompson, Clive S. Grant, David R. Farley, Cynthia Leibson, Jon A. van Heerden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Hypertension often persists after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism.To determine factors associated with resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism.Retrospective cohort study.Tertiary care referral center in Rochester, Minnesota.All patients who underwent adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 1999.Preoperative plasma renin activity, plasma and urinary aldosterone concentrations, and adrenal imaging. Follow-up blood pressure, measured at a clinic visit or at home, was reviewed.97 adrenalectomies were performed, and follow-up was available in 93 patients. Hypertension was resolved at follow-up (blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg) without use of antihypertensive agents in 31 of 93 patients (33%). According to a stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for duration of follow-up, resolution of hypertension was independently associated with family history of hypertension in no more than 1 first-degree relative (odds ratio [OR], 10.9; P < 0.001) and preoperative use of two or fewer antihypertensive agents (OR, 4.7; P = 0.005). Additional factors associated with resolution of hypertension based on univariate analysis included younger age, shorter duration of hypertension, higher preoperative ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity, and higher urine aldosterone level (P < 0.05).Resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is independently associated with a lack of family history of hypertension and preoperative use of two or fewer antihypertensive agents.
NHS hospitals are dirty and poorly managed, claims think tank
Authors: A. Elliot
Journal: BMJ (2003)

NHS hospitals are dirty, poorly managed, and consistently fail to tackle underperformance by staff, a new report from a prominent policy think tank says.

The report, from the right wing Centre for Policy Studies, found operating theatres left splashed with blood between operations and ward nurses ignoring basic infection control.

It paints a desperate picture of senior hospital executives forced to divert effort and resources from patient care to trying to meet the “excessive demands of reporting to Whitehall.”

The author, Harriet Sergeant, based her report on in-depth interviews with executives, managers, consultants, nurses, …
Acute dyspnoea, dysphagia, and non-specific chest pain in a smoker
Authors: R Som, A Li, R McIntosh, G W Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 59 year old man with a history of heavy smoking presented to casualty with two days of acutely worsening shortness of breath on a background of progressive breathlessness over three months. He had noticed his voice becoming hoarse and a lump appearing above his left clavicle, with worsening dysphagia and non-specific chest pain. On examination he had no fever, blood pressure 97/64 mm Hg, and regular heart rate of 105 bpm, with oxygen saturation of 92% on air. He had clubbing with generalised facial and neck swelling, with suffused conjunctivae and a jugular venous pressure to the jaw raised to 15 cm. Bilateral supraclavicular lymphadenopathy was noted. His heart sounds were muffled and, apart from a hyperexpanded chest, his lungs were clear to auscultation. Abdominal examination showed no organomegaly. A 12 lead electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with low voltage complexes, and a chest radiograph showed a widened mediastinum with an enlarged globular cardiac silhouette.



### Short answers

### Long answer

#### Outcome

Urgent echocardiography showed a large pericardial effusion causing haemodynamic compromise, shown by diastolic collapse of the right ventricle in diastole and greater variation in speed of blood flow across the mitral valve with respiration. On pericardiocentesis, 1 litre of blood stained fluid was aspirated and a percutaneous catheter drain inserted; symptoms improved somewhat but the jugular venous pressure remained high.

Analysis of the pericardial fluid showed an exudative effusion. No malignant cells were seen.

Computed tomography showed extensive bilateral lymphadenopathy extending retrosternally into the superior mediastinum, causing superior vena cava obstruction, with right basal lung field opacity consistent with primary lung carcinoma. The patient …
REVERSE REMODELING WITH CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY PREDICTS LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN MILDLY SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Michael Robert Gold, Jean-Claude Daubert, William Abraham, Stefano Ghio, Martin St. John Sutton, J Harrison Hudnall, Jeffrey Cerkvenik, Cecilia Linde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Relations of Left Ventricular Mass to Demographic and Hemodynamic Variables in American Indians
Authors: Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Giovanni de Simone, Michael J. O’Grady, Mary Paranicas, JeunLiang Yeh, Richard R. Fabsitz, Barbara V. Howard
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Previous studies have identified associations of left ventricular (LV) mass with demographic (body habitus and sex) and hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, stroke volume [SV], and myocardial contractility), but the relative strength and independence of these associations remain unknown. Methods and Results We examined the relations of echocardiographically determined LV mass to demographic variables, blood pressure, Doppler SV, and measures of contractility (end-systolic stress [ESS]/end-systolic volume index and midwall fractional shortening [MFS] as a percentage of predicted for circumferential end-systolic stress [stress-independent shortening]) in 1935 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study phase 2 examination without mitral regurgitation or segmental wall motion abnormalities. Weak positive relations of LV mass with systolic and diastolic pressures ( r =.22 and r =.20) were exceeded by positive relations with height ( r =.30), weight ( r =.47), body mass index ( r =.31), body surface area ( r =.49), and Doppler SV ( r =.50) and negative relations with ESS/volume index ratios ( r =−.33 and −.29) and stress-independent MFS ( r =−.26, all P &lt;.0001). In multivariate analyses that included blood pressure, SV, and a different contractility measure in each model, systolic pressure, stroke volume, and the contractility measure were independent correlates of LV mass (multiple R =.60 to .66, all P &lt;.0001). When demographic variables were added, LV mass was more strongly predicted by higher SV and lower afterload-independent MFS than by greater systolic pressure, height, and body mass index (each P &lt;.00001, multiple R =.71). Conclusions Additional characterization of volume load and contractile efficiency improves hemodynamic prediction of LV mass ( R 2 =.30 to .44) over the use of systolic blood pressure alone ( R 2 =.05), with a further increase in R 2 to .51 when demographic variables are also considered. However, nearly half of the ventricular mass variability remains unexplained.
A Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene Mutation Reveals a Novel Peptide With Enhanced Blood Pressure-Lowering, Renal-Enhancing, and Aldosterone-Suppressing Actions
Authors: Paul M. McKie, Alessandro Cataliotti, Brenda K. Huntley, Fernando L. Martin, Timothy M. Olson, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Acquired Factor X Deficiency
Authors: Paul A. Galbraith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Isolated factor X deficiency in association with abnormal plasma antithrombin activity was recognized in a 59-year-old man with amyloidosis and signs and symptoms of calf pain suggestive of thrombophlebitis. Venographic studies excluded venous thrombosis, and, despite major coagulation abnormalities, there was no hemorrhagic tendency. Infusion of plasma at maximum tolerable volume did not result in a rise in factor X activity, nor in alteration in antithrombin activity. The latter abnormality appears to be unique and, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously in association with amyloidosis.  ( JAMA 230:1658-1660, 1974)
Delay in plasma replacement
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It will be several more months before safe, imported supplies of anti-D immunoglobulin are available to British doctors to replace supplies from the United Kingdom which carry a hypothetical risk of transmitting new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) to pregnant women who are Rh negative.

The health secretary, Frank Dobson, told the Commons last week that obtaining blood products and plasma from abroad had proved more difficult than he had been advised it would be last February when he had ordered that the use of plasma from the United Kingdom should be phased out (7 March, p 726). Mr …
Absence of seroconversion for HTLV-III in haemophiliacs intensively treated with heat treated factor VIII concentrate.
Authors: J van der Meer, S Daenen, G W van Imhoff, J T de Wolf, M R Halie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

18 malades atteints d'hemophilie sont traites par un concentre de facteur VIII traite par la chaleur. Aucun d'entre eux ne presente une seroconversion entre fevrier 1983 et septembre 1985
Research and Clinical Studies in Headache: An International Review
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book, trying to appeal to two divergent groups of readers, fails both of them because of a lack of direction. The editor has divided the volume into two parts: the first contains an adequate review of investigative procedures in headache, a summary of the differential diagnosis and treatment of cluster headache, and a very excellent discussion of the psychiatric aspects of cephalalgia, by Barolin. This portion of the book is well written and if embellished with additional material of the same type, would have made a sound text on headache. But these articles only scratch the surface and are not detailed enough for the researcher or extensive enough for a reference text. The second portion of the book presents a group of selected papers given at the International Migraine-Headache Symposium in Florence in 1970. Most of the papers are a must for the serious student of headache. They fall
MOZ-TIF2-induced acute myeloid leukemia requires the MOZ nucleosome binding motif and TIF2-mediated recruitment of CBP
Authors: Kenji Deguchi, Paul M Ayton, Melina Carapeti, Jeffery L Kutok, Cynthia S Snyder, Ifor R Williams, Nicholas C.P Cross, Christopher K Glass, Michael L Cleary, D.Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Is acetic acid really effective as a mucolytic agent for magnifying colonoscopy diagnosis?
Authors: A. Parra-Blanco, K. Fu, D. Nicolás-Pérez, A. Gimeno-García, M. Carrillo, E. Quintero
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Magnifying colonoscopy can reliably predict histopathologic diagnosis, both for the neoplastic nature of lesions and the estimation of deep submucosal invasion [1]. Magnifying colonoscopy is applied with chromoendoscopy, either with contrast stains such as indigo carmine, absorption methods (methylene blue, crystal violet, cresyl violet), or more recently with digital chromoendoscopy such as the narrow band imaging (NBI) or the Fujinon Intelligent Chromoendoscopy (FICE) [2] [3]. Acetic acid has been used in digestive endoscopy mainly for the study of Barrett’s esophagus [4]. In a study recently published in Endoscopy, Togashi et al. [5] compared the accuracy of acetic acid plus indigo carmine either alone or in a combination to predict polyp histology. Acetic acid works as a mucolytic agent and, if not buffered by mucus, reversibly alters the tertiary structure of nuclear proteins in the epithelium [4]. Mucosal surface opacity is increased, decreasing the visibility of the capillaries and hence producing an increased contrast, with the mucosal surface appearing whitish.
Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children
Authors: Daniel J Green, Tim Cable
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Reilly et al entitle their article, “Physical activity to prevent obesity …” and conclude, “Alternative interventions [to physical activity] to prevent obesity in young children are required.”1 The emphasis on a lack of impact of physical activity on obesity is unfortunate for four reasons. 

Firstly, the independent variable was not successfully manipulated: the intervention failed to generate differences in physical activity or sedentary behaviour between groups. Why would one expect a “physical activity intervention” which has no impact on physical activity to alter energy balance or “obesity”? …
Increased survival in hepatocellular carcinoma with iodine-125 implantation plus radiofrequency ablation: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaiyun Chen, Guihua Chen, Hanning Wang, Hua Li, Jinfeng Xiao, Xiaopeng Duan, Jiwen He, Ke He, Guoan Xiang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
THE TREATMENT OF NARCOTIC ADDICTION
Authors: ALEXANDER LAMBERT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

My article of four years ago 1 inThe Journaldescribing a treatment for alcohol, morphin and other drug habits has caused a persistent demand onThe Journaland on me for information concerning this subject. Since that time I have had a broad experience in the use of this treatment and a much wider experience with patients addicted to various drug habits. To serve a useful purpose, and at the request ofThe Journal, I shall explain further what seems essential in the use of this treatment, what seems non-essential, and in what varying way the treatment may be modified to meet the individual differences found in the patients.  A further experience with the patients has brought out the striking fact that nearly 80 per cent. of those addicted to the use of morphin and opium have acquired their habit through legitimate prescribing by their physicians or by self-medication.
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of caesium chloride injection in dogs -- limitations as a model for the long QT syndrome
Authors: M. NAYEBPOUR, B C. SOLYMOSS, S. NATTEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Caesium chloride administration has been used in an animal model to reproduce the acquired long QT syndrome observed in man, but the transient nature of the arrhythmogenic action of caesium has made systematic study difficult. We developed a loading and maintenance infusion regimen to produce stable caesium effects for over 30 min. The results of sustained caesium administration were compared to those of bolus dose caesium and found to be similar in terms of changes in metabolic, electrophysiological, and haemodynamic variables, and the nature of resulting ventricular arrhythmias. Caesium administration by either method consistently induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias that were either monoform or polymorphic, rarely had the morphological features of Torsades de Pointes, and frequently degenerated to ventricular fibrillation. Both forms of caesium administration produced substantial increases in arterial pressure [from 131(SEM12)/63(SEM8) to 246(30)/138(20) mm Hg with sustained infusion; from 120(8)/55(2) to 263(19)/178(16) mm Hg with bolus caesium; p<0.01 for each] and serum potassium concentration [from 3.6(0.2) to 8.6(0.8) mmol·litre−1, and from 3.2(0.1) to 7.8(0.7) mmol·litre−1 respectively; p<0.01 for each]. Ventricular overdrive pacing transiently accelerated the spontaneous arrhythmia in 48/60 (80%) trials, with overdrive suppression occurring in only five trials. The morphological features of these caesium induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias, their response to overdrive pacing, and their occurrence despite substantial hyperkalemia are quite different from the properties of the clinical long QT syndrome, which is overdrive suppressible, favoured by hypokalemia, and rarely degenerates to ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that stable ventricular tachyarrhythmias can be produced by loading and maintenance infusions of caesium in dogs and that the effects of sustained caesium infusion are similar to those of bolus dose caesium, but that caution is necessary in using caesium administration as a model for the clinical long QT syndrome.
Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum chloride channels regulated by protein kinase A.
Authors: S Kawano, F Nakamura, T Tanaka, M Hiraoka
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

In heart cells, several plasma membrane ion channels are targets for phosphorylation. However, it is not known whether sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ion channels, which are also essential in the regulation of cardiac function, are regulated by second-messenger systems. Here, we show that a Cl- channel in the cardiac SR membrane is activated by the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). Purified cardiac heavy SR vesicles were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. This channel spontaneously inactivated within a few minutes after the channel was incorporated into the bilayer. Mg-ATP (2-5 mM), but not the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate, added to the cis solution prevented this spontaneous channel inactivation. After the inactivation process occurred, the catalytic subunit of PKA (with 0.05 mM Mg-ATP) reactivated this channel. These effects of Mg-ATP and PKA on the Cl- channel were prevented by an inhibitor of PKA. Thus, these results suggest that this SR Cl- channel is a novel target of PKA-dependent phosphorylation in cardiac muscle regulation.
Differentiation of Bone and Bone Marrow Infarcts from Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disorders
Authors: HAEWON C. KIM, ABASS ALAVI, MARIE O. RUSSELL, ELIAS SCHWARTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

To determine whether imaging techniques can differentiate osteomyelitis from bone infarction in sickle cell disorders, 39 sets of bone scans (BS) and bone marrow scans (BMS) were performed on 31 patients with sickling disorders and bone pain. In addition, three patients who had either a BS or a BMS were included. Results were analyzed according to whether scans were performed three days or less (Period 1), four to six days (Period 2), or seven or more days (Period 3) after the onset of pain. Regardless of the period, all but five BMS for 34 episodes of assumed infarction showed decreased uptake. BS findings varied depending on the time interval, with none of the ten in Period 1 showing increased uptake, but all 11 in Period 3 showing increased uptake. However, in Period 2, about half of the 13 BS showed increased uptake. All three patients with osteomyelitis in Period 3 had increased uptake on BS. The BMS done in one of these patients showed decreased uptake. Three patients with cellulitis had normal BS and BMS. One patient with septic arthritis had normal BMS, but slightly increased uptake on BS. Although typical imaging patterns are present in early and late infarction (Periods 1 and 3), the patterns for late infarction may not differ from those of advanced osteomyelitis. Therefore, imaging studies are only of value in differentiating infarction from osteomyelitis when both BS and BMS are performed soon after the appearance of symptoms.
Australia antigen in Nigerian blood donors and school children.
Authors: T I Francis, J A Smith
Journal: BMJ (1971)

lamines, might be fluctuating hypertensive filling of the atherosclerotic coronary vessels in a usually normotensive or hypertensive person.This may cause the trauma to the arterial wall which sets off changes leading to thrombus formation and cardiac in- farction.Treatment with 13-blocking or hypotensive agents might be used to prevent unnatural rises of blood pressure, level out fluctuations, and thus avoid repeated trauma to the vulnerable vessel wall.Many potential patients are not hypertensive, and a raised blood pressure is therefore not the only reason why this approach should be tried.-Iam, etc., ERIc FRANKm
Rational Design of Therapeutic siRNAs: Minimizing Off-targeting Potential to Improve the Safety of RNAi Therapy for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ryan L Boudreau, Ryan M Spengler, Beverly L Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

RNA interference (RNAi) provides an approach for the treatment of many human diseases. However, the safety of RNAi-based therapies can be hampered by the ability of small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) to bind to unintended mRNAs and reduce their expression, an effect known as off-target gene silencing. Off-targeting primarily occurs when the seed region (nucleotides 2–8 of the small RNA) pairs with sequences in 3′-UTRs of unintended mRNAs and directs translational repression and destabilization of those transcripts. To date, most therapeutic RNAi sequences are selected primarily for gene silencing efficacy, and later evaluated for safety. Here, in designing siRNAs to treat Huntington's disease (HD), a dominant neurodegenerative disorder, we prioritized selection of sequences with minimal off-targeting potentials (i.e., those with a scarcity of seed complements within all known human 3′-UTRs). We identified new promising therapeutic candidate sequences which show potent silencing in cell culture and mouse brain. Furthermore, we present microarray data demonstrating that off-targeting is significantly minimized by using siRNAs that contain "safe" seeds, an important strategy to consider during preclinical development of RNAi-based therapeutics. RNA interference (RNAi) provides an approach for the treatment of many human diseases. However, the safety of RNAi-based therapies can be hampered by the ability of small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) to bind to unintended mRNAs and reduce their expression, an effect known as off-target gene silencing. Off-targeting primarily occurs when the seed region (nucleotides 2–8 of the small RNA) pairs with sequences in 3′-UTRs of unintended mRNAs and directs translational repression and destabilization of those transcripts. To date, most therapeutic RNAi sequences are selected primarily for gene silencing efficacy, and later evaluated for safety. Here, in designing siRNAs to treat Huntington's disease (HD), a dominant neurodegenerative disorder, we prioritized selection of sequences with minimal off-targeting potentials (i.e., those with a scarcity of seed complements within all known human 3′-UTRs). We identified new promising therapeutic candidate sequences which show potent silencing in cell culture and mouse brain. Furthermore, we present microarray data demonstrating that off-targeting is significantly minimized by using siRNAs that contain "safe" seeds, an important strategy to consider during preclinical development of RNAi-based therapeutics.
Incidence of Acute Pancreatitis Does Not Increase During Oktoberfest, but Is Higher Than Previously Described in Germany
Authors: Veit Phillip, Wolfgang Huber, Frank Hagemes, Sandra Lorenz, Ulrike Matheis, Sigrid Preinfalk, Tibor Schuster, Florian Lippl, Bernd Saugel, Roland M. Schmid
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)