tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peroxidative Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells from Patients with Abetalipoproteinemia (Acanthocytosis)*
Authors: James T. Dodge, Gerald Cohen, Herbert J. Kayden, Gerald B. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The effect of peroxidative stress on tissue was studied by exposure of red blood cells (RBC) from patients with abetalipoproteinemia to minute amounts of H(2)O(2)in vitro. Red blood cells from untreated patients showed a marked sensitivity to H(2)O(2), as evidenced by hemolysis and lipid peroxidation (peroxidative hemolysis). The appearance of lipid peroxidation products in sensitive cells after exposure to H(2)O(2) was indicated by 1) increases in the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction of trichloroacetic acid extracts, 2) increases in ultraviolet light absorbency of lipid extracts, and 3) decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acids. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine in the RBC lipid extract. Similar lipid changes on exposure to H(2)O(2) were observed in the RBC from vitamin E-deficient rats. Treatment of the patients with d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate by mouth, or addition of dl-alpha-tocopherol to the incubation medium protected the RBC from peroxidative hemolysis. Tocopherol appears to provide a primary biologic defense against peroxidative hemolysis. The presence of nitrite or carbon monoxide, which produced methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, respectively, inhibited peroxidative changes, suggesting a catalytic role for oxy- or deoxyhemoglobin. Substances that prevented lipid peroxidation also prevented hemolysis; in addition, lipid peroxidation appeared to precede hemolysis. These observations suggested that hemolysis was a consequence of lipid peroxidation.
CUX1 mediates tumour cell survival: implications for future therapies?
Authors: N. P. Malek
Journal: Gut (2010)

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Recent data by the American Cancer Society showed that the 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic carcinoma remains at 5% which makes it the most deadly form of cancer known.1 These figures are primarily due to the fact that most tumours are diagnosed at a stage where surgical treatment is no longer possible as the tumour is already in a locally advanced or even metastasised stage. All efforts to provide a systemic therapy to patients with advanced disease have failed. The only approved treatments consist of the nucleosid anlogon gemzitabine and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. However, even combinations of these drugs have no major impact on the survival of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

Why is this tumour so chemoresistant and how can we overcome this obstacle to improve treatment responses? Several biological features might contribute to the resistance towards systemic treatments. First, ductal carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically highly unstable tumours.2 Recent analysis of pancreatic cancers revealed a multitude of genetic alterations which affected a dozen different …
Jean-Martin Charcot
Authors: Alan Blum
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In this year before the bicentennial of the United States' independence, the penchant of the mass media for seeking to commemorate the daily happenings of 200 years ago has inspired one colleague (M.E. Silverman) to label the phenomenon memoraphilia. Such new-found reverence for the past may often celebrate the obscure, but I for one am pleased at the revival of interest in American history. It leads me to hope for a keener sense of the history of medicine among physicians.  As a sort of medical memoraphiliac, I would like to point out that Nov 29, 1975, marks the sesquicentennial of the birth of Jean-Martin Charcot. Charcot's contributions to the study of diseases of the nervous system are well enough known for him to have been called the father of clinical neurology. In the tradition of Philippe Pinel, Charcot led the conversion of the infamous Salpetriere into a world-renowned
Elementary, my dear
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ever since Sherlock Holmes first sprung on the Victorian literary world more than a century ago, readers have been enthralled by the enigmatic detective with the legendary powers of observation. But while Holmes enjoys enduring global fame, few general readers suspect that the inspiration for Arthur Conan Doyle’s ruthless, cocaine addicted sleuth was a humble and retiring Scottish surgeon.

Holmes made his first appearance in 1887 when Doyle published his novel length mystery, A Study in Scarlet , in Beeton’s Christmas Annual . Readers were immediately entranced, but once they knew the identity of the double murderer in the …
Impaired Responsiveness to the Platelet P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist Clopidogrel in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dominick J Angiolillo, Joseph A Jakubowski, José Luis Ferreiro, Antonio Tello-Montoliu, Fabiana Rollini, Francesco Franchi, Masafumi Ueno, Andrew Darlington, Bhaloo Desai, Brian A Moser, Atsuhiro Sugidachi, Luis A Guzman, Theodore A Bass
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Women told that they must abstain from alcohol in pregnancy, in campaign financed by drinks industry
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Drinks giant Diageo is funding a training scheme that aims to teach midwives to advise expectant mothers of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

The scheme, run by the National Organisation for Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS-UK), hopes to reach 10 000 midwives and one million pregnant women over five years.

In its second year the project has already trained 800 midwives with funding from Diageo, producer of brands including Guinness, Johnnie Walker, and Smirnoff. The scheme is part of the government’s drive to increase private investment in public health initiatives.

The advice given by the NOFAS differs from the Department of Health’s. The organisation advises women to abstain entirely from alcohol during pregnancy and while trying to conceive, whereas the Department of Health says that, although women should avoid alcohol during pregnancy, “if they do choose to drink, to minimise the risk to the baby, they should not drink more than 1 or 2 …
TRICHINOSIS OF MAN A COMMON INFECTION
Authors: WILLIAM A. RILEY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

For years past the senior author has stated to his students in parasitology that trichinosis in man was very far from being a rare disease in the United States. This statement was based on the number of serious cases that come to the attention of medical men and parasitologists, and on the well known fact that diagnosis of typhoid, rheumatism and malaria is not infrequently made when the symptoms are actually due to the presence of trichinae. In order to obtain more definite data relative to the incidence of trichinosis, a project was outlined involving the examination of diaphragm muscles from the cadavers used in the dissecting rooms of the University of Minnesota Medical School, similar examination of autopsies representing a more normal population, and extension of earlier studies on the occurrence of the encysted worms in local hogs, rats and other animals. Only during the past year, through the
Effect of Intravenous Omeprazole on Recurrent Bleeding after Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers
Authors: James Y.W. Lau, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Kenneth K.C. Lee, Man-yee Yung, Simon K.H. Wong, Justin C.Y. Wu, Francis K.L. Chan, Enders K.W. Ng, Joyce H.S. You, C.W. Lee, Angus C.W. Chan, S.C. Sydney Chung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

After endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers, bleeding recurs in 15 to 20 percent of patients.We assessed whether the use of a high dose of a proton-pump inhibitor would reduce the frequency of recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. Patients with actively bleeding ulcers or ulcers with nonbleeding visible vessels were treated with an epinephrine injection followed by thermocoagulation. After hemostasis had been achieved, they were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive omeprazole (given as a bolus intravenous injection of 80 mg followed by an infusion of 8 mg per hour for 72 hours) or placebo. After the infusion, all patients were given 20 mg of omeprazole orally per day for eight weeks. The primary end point was recurrent bleeding within 30 days after endoscopy.We enrolled 240 patients, 120 in each group. Bleeding recurred within 30 days in 8 patients (6.7 percent) in the omeprazole group, as compared with 27 (22.5 percent) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 9.0). Most episodes of recurrent bleeding occurred during the first three days, which made up the infusion period (5 in the omeprazole group and 24 in the placebo group, P<0.001). Three patients in the omeprazole group and nine in the placebo group underwent surgery (P=0.14). Five patients (4.2 percent) in the omeprazole group and 12 (10 percent) in the placebo group died within 30 days after endoscopy (P=0.13).After endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers, a high-dose infusion of omeprazole substantially reduces the risk of recurrent bleeding.
The Tissue Distribution of Tritiated Digoxin in Human Subjects.
Authors: James E. Doherty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Tissue Distribution of Tritiated Digoxin in Human Subjects.James E. Doherty, M.D., F.A.C.P., William H. Perkins, M.D., F.A.C.P.James E. Doherty, M.D., F.A.C.P., William H. Perkins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1158_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTen patients given tritium-labeled digoxin for congestive heart failure subsequently died from 3½ hours to 6 weeks after receiving the medication. Postmortem examination was done and samples of heart, liver, kidney, adrenals, thyroid, lung, brain, pancreas, spleen, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm were obtained. The tissues were homogenized, lyophilized, and extracted with chloroform. The extract was passed through an alumina column and eluted with a chloroform-ethanol mixture. This method will recover 96% of digoxin, its metabolites or both. The highest concentration of digoxin per gram of wet tissue was present in heart muscle in patients with an elevated blood urea nitrogen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Little Rock, Arkansas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1158-1158KeywordsKidneysLiverLungsMetabolitesMyocardiumPancreasSkeletal musclesSpleenThyroidTissue distribution Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Real-time, Image-Guided, Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Interleukin 13 Bound to <i>Pseudomonas</i> Exotoxin
Authors: Gregory J.A. Murad, Stuart Walbridge, Paul F. Morrison, Kayhan Garmestani, Jeffrey W. Degen, Martin W. Brechbiel, Edward H. Oldfield, Russell R. Lonser
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

To determine if the tumor-targeted cytotoxin interleukin 13 bound to Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE) could be delivered to the brainstem safely at therapeutic doses while monitoring its distribution in real-time using a surrogate magnetic resonance imaging tracer, we used convection-enhanced delivery to perfuse rat and primate brainstems with IL13-PE and gadolinium-bound albumin (Gd-albumin).Thirty rats underwent convective brainstem perfusion of IL13-PE (0.25, 0.5, or 10 microg/mL) or vehicle. Twelve primates underwent convective brainstem perfusion of either IL13-PE (0.25, 0.5, or 10 microg/mL; n = 8), co-infusion of 125I-IL13-PE and Gd-albumin (n = 2), or co-infusion of IL13-PE (0.5 microg/mL) and Gd-albumin (n = 2). The animals were permitted to survive for up to 28 days before sacrifice and histologic assessment.Rats showed no evidence of toxicity at all doses. Primates showed no toxicity at 0.25 or 0.5 microg/mL but showed clinical and histologic toxicity at 10 microg/mL. Quantitative autoradiography confirmed that Gd-albumin precisely tracked IL13-PE anatomic distribution and accurately showed the volume of distribution.IL13-PE can be delivered safely and effectively to the primate brainstem at therapeutic concentrations and over clinically relevant volumes using convection-enhanced delivery. Moreover, the distribution of IL13-PE can be accurately tracked by co-infusion of Gd-albumin using real-time magnetic resonance imaging.
Terminal-Sequence Conservation Identifies Spliceosomal Introns in Ascomycete 18S RNA Genes
Authors: Oscar F. Cubero, Paul D. Bridge, Ana Crespo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Twenty-four new insertions were obtained from seven different locations in the nuclear 18S rDNA for seven species of the lichen-forming fungal genus Physconia. They were analyzed allowing for terminal sequence conservation by adopting a flexible approach to exact insertion site position, and they were compared with 12 previously reported small insertion sequences from the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Such insertions have previously been proposed to be degenerate self-splicing group I introns; however, the methodology used here identified consensus terminal sequences characteristic of spliceosomal introns. This finding is the first suggestion that multiple spliceosomal introns occur in ribosomal genes.
The Widening Gap Between Two Extreme Groups of Medical Schools
Authors: William R. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IF WE WERE TO CHART selected data to describe our medical schools, such as the total expenditure budgets, the number of full-time faculty, and the dollar value of facilities, we would find a large spread or gap between the "top" and "bottom" schools. No doubt there has always been a gap, but the changes that have occurred in medical education since World War II have greatly increased this gap—and there is every indication that the gap is rapidly growing. To say the least, it is an interesting phenomenon; more than this, it raises some important questions about our medical schools and medical education which warrant our careful consideration. Those not familiar with medical education probably do not fully appreciate the magnitude of the changes that have occurred since World War II. When these changes and the growing gap are portrayed by figures, they are so great that they come as
Australia (Hepatitis-Associated) Antigen in Patients Attending a Venereal Disease Clinic
Authors: D. J. Jeffries, W. H. James, F. J. G. Jefferiss, K. G. M. Leod, R. R. Willcox
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A total of 1,650 patients attending the venereal disease department at St. Mary's Hospital, London, have been tested for Australia antigen. Twenty-three positive results were obtained, or 1.39%, which is more than 10 times the rate noted by others in blood donor populations in the U.K. and U.S.A. The positive rates among female patients and European male heterosexual patients were 0.36% and 0.19% respectively. High rates were obtained for homosexual patients (3.8%) and non-European heterosexual patients (3.1%). The reasons for the higher rates found in these groups merit further study.
Amnioskopie, Indikation und Bedeutung
Authors: E. Saling, J. Dudenhausen
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

The most important indication for amnioscopy are toxaemia and suspected postmaturity. Meconic amniotic fluid and absence of amniotic fluid are positive amnioscopical findings. Local hypoxia of the intestines caused by O2-conserving adaptation of the fetal circulation results in discharge of meconium. Perinatal mortality of children of toxaemic mothers or mothers with suspected postmaturity has been considerably decreased by amnioscopy.
Device Approved for Some Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Economic Evaluation of Asthma in the United States
Authors: Kevin B. Weiss, Peter J. Gergen, Thomas A. Hodgson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Asthma is a common chronic illness. Recently, increases in morbidity and mortality due to this disease have been reported. We studied the distribution of health care resources used for asthma in order to lay the groundwork for further policy decisions aimed at reducing the economic burden of this disorder.
A PSYCHOENDOCRINE STUDY OF SEVERE PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSIVE CRISES
Authors: WILLIAM E. BUNNEY, JOHN W. MASON, JOHN F. ROATCH, DAVID A. HAMBURG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

This paper reports a temporal analysis of stressful events, behavioral ratings and corticosteroid determinations during periods of psychotic depressive crisis. The investigation is part of a continuing research program at the National Institute of Mental Health on the biochemical and behavioral aspects of depression. It is suggested that the depressive crisis is an important segment of extreme human behavior and that as a time of change, it offers a tool for understanding depressive illness. 1. A behavioral observational system was developed, making it possible to measure reliably depression and psychotic behavior on a continuous longitudinal basis in depressed hospitalized patients and to quantitatively describe crisis periods. 2. The question as to the sequence of endocrine or behavioral changes was considered and it was shown that both the urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) changes and the behavioral changes occurred on the same day rather than one preceding the other by a day or more. 3. A day characterized by behavioral and biochemical changes was identified and labeled, "the crisis onset day." Behavioral ratings and hormonal values on this day differentiated it from previous days during the patient's hospitalization, in terms of the intensity of observed response. These changes in the organism suggest the utility of using this day as a focus for the study of environmental precipitating factors. A period of increased environmental stress existed for an average of 13 days prior to the crisis day. The events tended to build up during this period so that on the crisis onset day there was an average of four stressful events occurring concomitantly. At least one event occurred prominently in each case on the crisis day. 4. Three aspects of psychological threat were identified for these stressful events. They were: a) An environmental challenge to the patient's concept of his own mental health; b) a loss of ego support; c) involvement of a central conflict area. These events share in common the forcing into awareness of denied thoughts, conflicts and feelings. 5. The crisis onset days in the first 5 cases were characterized, biochemically, by a substantial increase in 17-OHCS levels and behaviorally by an intense awareness of and struggle with ego alien material, which was depressive in nature and by the onset of at least one new symptom indicating the breakdown of ego defenses.
Adolescent Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Iris F. Litt
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Donohoe for expanding on many of the points in my Editorial, especially the role of poverty and limited access to effective birth control. To these, he appropriately adds the role of older men in the experience of adolescent pregnancy. Whether the partner or perpetrator is a peer or an adult, however, the factors responsible for increased vulnerability of adolescent girls to unwanted sexual involvement are the same. Drs Fitch and McIlhaney are critical of the 3 potential levels of intervention I describe, which they mistakenly characterize as interventions that have been tried and have failed. A careful rereading of the Editorial will underscore my belief that the research findings with regard to pregnancy prevention among adolescents are inconclusive and inconsistent. The problem with most of the extant research is that it has tended to focus on 1 factor or a few factors, rather than on the multiplicity
Personal Characteristics of House Staff Candidates: A Quantitative Analysis of Relative Weights
Authors: M. ANDREW GREGANTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We surveyed the faculty, fellows, and residents of a department of medicine to determine the relative importance of each of eight personal characteristics evaluated during the interview of house staff candidates. A booklet containing all possible pairings of the eight characteristics was distributed to 219 participants who were asked which member of each pair should have greater weight for assigning an overall interview grade. Usable data were returned by 172 persons (79%) and analyzed by the psychometric scaling method of paired comparisons. The four characteristics with the greatest relative weights were professional attitude, maturity, enthusiasm and energy, and knowledge. The faculty, fellows, and residents were highly consistent in their judgments. However, three of the characteristics (motivation for clinical practice, knowledge, and verbal skill) significantly distinguished the three departmental groups. These results show that utility of the paired comparison method for identifying a department's weighting of variables for selection of house staff.