tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and types of burns
Authors: Shehan Hettiaratchy, Peter Dziewulski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Understanding the pathophysiology of a burn injury is important for effective management. In addition, different causes lead to different injury patterns, which require different management. It is therefore important to understand how a burn was caused and what kind of physiological response it will induce.

Burn injuries result in both local and systemic responses.

   ![][1] 

Clinical image of burn zones. There is central necrosis, surrounded by the zones of stasis and of hyperaemia 

### Local response

The three zones of a burn were described by Jackson in 1947.

Zone of coagulation —This occurs at the point of maximum damage. In this zone there is irreversible tissue loss due to coagulation of the constituent proteins.

Zone of stasis —The surrounding zone of stasis is characterised by decreased tissue perfusion. The tissue in this zone is potentially salvageable. The main aim of burns resuscitation is to increase tissue perfusion here and prevent any damage becoming irreversible. Additional insults—such as prolonged hypotension, infection, or oedema—can convert this zone into an area of complete tissue loss.

Zone of hyperaemia —In this outermost zone tissue perfusion is increased. The tissue here will invariably recover unless there is severe sepsis or prolonged hypoperfusion.

These three zones of a burn are three dimensional, and loss of tissue in the zone of stasis will lead to the wound deepening as well as widening.

   ![][2] 

ackson's burns zones and the effects of adequate and inadequate resuscitation 

### Systemic response

The release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators at the site of injury has a systemic effect once the burn reaches 30% of total body surface area.

Cardiovascular changes —Capillary permeability is increased, leading to loss of intravascular proteins and fluids into the interstitial compartment. Peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction occurs. Myocardial contractility is decreased, possibly due to release of tumour necrosis factor α. These changes, coupled with fluid …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
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Absence of clinical and dermoscopic differences between congenital and noncongenital melanocytic naevi in a cohort of 2-year-old children
Authors: G. Stinco, G. Argenziano, F. Favot, F. Valent, P. Patrone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are present at birth. Some naevi, tardive congenital naevi (TCN), become clinically apparent only after birth, during the first years of life. The number of naevi continues to increase due to the appearance of acquired melanocytic naevi (AMN). When AMN begin to appear has not been well defined.To investigate the clinical and dermoscopic features of the melanocytic naevi present in 2-year-old children and to search for and highlight any differences between CMN present at birth (BPN) and naevi appearing after birth during the first 2 years of life (FLN).A nonrandomized observational study was performed. A total of 133 melanocytic naevi in 103 children aged 21-26 months were analysed by clinical and dermoscopic examination.Of the subjects, 76% of children had one naevus, 20% had two naevi, 3% had three naevi and 1% had four naevi. Of the naevi, 76 were BPN and 57 were FLN. The naevi with the largest diameters were significantly associated with BPN (P = 0·025). Polycyclic edges (P = 0·0378) were observed with a higher frequency in BPN than in FLN. The predominant dermoscopic patterns were globular (BPN 51%; FLN 58%) and reticular (BPN 28%; FLN 14%).The number of naevi present in the first 2 years of life is small, and over half have already appeared at birth. They are distributed widely over the skin. BPN are larger than FLN, but most naevi are small. There was no significant difference in the dermoscopic features between the 133 BPN and FLN. The predominant patterns were globular and reticular. We could not identify defined criteria that allowed us to diagnose CMN with certainty and distinguish them from TCN and AMN.
Surgeons "Vote With Their Feet" for Sentinel Node Biopsy for Breast Cancer Staging
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A book that changed me: Many patients are struggling too
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3></h3> I’ve had the opportunity to mentor over 150 pre- and post-doctoral fellows and faculty colleagues, several of whom have mentored or advised many more. From the Mentor’s perspective, many keys to success with Mentees are well known. For example, define goals explicitly. Back up your mentoring commitments with long-term investments of time, required resources, regular meetings, and a research project of mutual interest. Provide emotional and psychological support; directly assist with career development. Train mentees in the anatomy and brevity of a manuscript. Optimal mentoring is often inter-disciplinary, with the primary mentor clearly designated. Mentor on publications, posters and presentations. Regarding “Secrets” (symposium organizers assigned the title of this talk), my first Secret is to assess the passion, enthusiasm and initiative for the work as shown in the eyes, language and demeanor of the potential Mentee. Second, get to know what is &nbsp;in the applicant’s heart, as well as what is in the brain. Third, mentoring often doesn’t stop when the mentee leaves (e.g. mentors recommend their mentees for every possible award). The first phase of the mentoring job isn’t really over until publications first-authored by the Mentee are accepted, and the first job and research grant are secured. Fourth, supervised peer group mentoring can be very effective. In addition, I’ll review ten “Lessons Learned” in mentoring research, publishing, applying for funds and finding work.
Abstract 3436: Long-term Clinical and Intravascular Ultrasound Findings Post-Absorbable Metal Stent Implantation in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Ron Waksman, Raimund Erbel, Hans Bonnier, Carlo Di Mario, William Wijns, Neil J Weissman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Absorbable metal stents (AMS) implanted in human coronary arteries in the PROGRESS I study demonstrated safety at 4 months with ischemic driven TLR of 23.8%. This study evaluates the cl...
Abstract 685: Antagonism of sorafenib and regorafenib-mediated HCC growth inhibition by platelet factors
Authors: Brian I. Carr, Rosalba D'Alessandro, Maria Grazie Refolo, Catia Lippolis, Caterina Messa, Aldo Cavallini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background. Circulating blood platelet numbers are frequently altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Thrombocytopenia is associated with smaller tumors and thrombocytosis with larger tumors (Oncology 2013;85:153-9). Recently, platelet extracts have been shown to enhance HCC cell growth and have anti-apoptotic effects. Methods. Human HCC cell lines were used to evaluate the actions of time-expired mixed human platelet lysates on the inhibition of HCC growth by MTT assay, as well as on migration and Matrigel invasion mediated by Sorafenib or Regorafenib in vitro and Western blots were performed for cell signaling and apoptosis. Results. Sorafenib or Regorafenib-mediated inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion was antagonized by platelet extracts. The multi-kinase inhibitor-mediated induction of apoptosis and decrease in phospho-ERK levels were both blocked by the platelet extracts, which also increased anti-apoptotic phospho-STAT, Bax and Bcl-XL levels. Conclusions. In addition to their effects on coagulation and wound healing, platelet factors can antagonize growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by multi-kinase inhibitors Sorafenib or Regorafenib. This could be due to several growth factors or inflammatory cytokines that are produced by platelets. Targeting platelets might be a novel approach to increasing multi-kinase inhibitor actions. Citation Format: Brian I. Carr, Rosalba D'Alessandro, Maria Grazie Refolo, Catia Lippolis, Caterina Messa, Aldo Cavallini. Antagonism of sorafenib and regorafenib-mediated HCC growth inhibition by platelet factors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-685
the orange rind
Authors: Andrew Thurston
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1017. Metabolically Biotinylated Viruses for Vector Targeting, Virus Purification, and Capsid Imaging
Authors: Karoly Toth, Jacqueline F. Spencer, Ann E. Tollefson, Mohan Kuppuswamy, Konstantin Doronin, Drew L. Lichtenstein, William S. M. Wold
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
Recent Social Trends in the United States. Report of the President's Research Committee on Social Trends.
Authors: Herbert Hoover
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Study Reveals Benefit of Early Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract MP14: Relations of Arterial Stiffness and Incident Heart Failure in the Community
Authors: Connie W Tsao, Asya Lyass, Martin G Larson, Gary F Mitchell, Ramachandran S Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The structure and function of the aorta and left ventricle are closely coupled, but the relations of arterial stiffness, pressure pulsatility, and wave reflection to clinical heart failure (HF) are not well described. Methods: We evaluated 2904 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 64+11 yrs, 56% F) who were free of clinical HF and myocardial infarction (MI). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), central pulse pressure, forward wave amplitude, and augmentation index were assessed by applanation tonometry. Cox proportional hazards models accounted for competing risk of death and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, use of hypertensive medications, prevalent diabetes, current smoking, and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Results: On follow-up (mean 9.2 years, limits 0.04-13 years), 170 participants developed new-onset HF while 106 experienced an MI. The incidence of HF rose across CFPWV tertiles ( Figure ). Each standard deviation (SD) higher CFPWV conferred a 50% (95% CI 1.21-1.85, p=0.0002) and 30% (95% CI 1.02-1.64, p=0.037) increased risk of incident HF in age- and sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted analyses, respectively. CFPWV was associated with increased risk of MI (hazards ratio [HR] per SD 1.46, 95% CI 1.01-2.12, p=0.04). The inclusion of interim MI in multivariable models attenuated the association of CFPWV with HF incidence (HR per SD 1.26, 95% CI 0.99-1.60, p=0.061). Central pulse pressure, forward wave amplitude, and augmentation index were not associated with incident HF in multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusions: Higher aortic stiffness as assessed by CFPWV is associated with increased risk of incident HF, mediated in part by the increased risk of interim MI associated with vascular stiffness. These findings illustrate the importance of ventricular-vascular coupling, and underscore the need for studies to examine the benefit of therapies that modify aortic stiffness for lowering the population burden of MI and HF.
MEDICINE IN ENGLAND NOW
Authors: Thomas Parran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 June 1941MEDICINE IN ENGLAND NOWTHOMAS PARRAN, F.A.C.P.THOMAS PARRAN, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-12-2184 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptModern science has extended the area and scope of medical defense against enemy action no less than it has extended the area and scope of war operations. The whole population of Great Britain is in the battle line. The whole medical profession is in the forefront of the battle. As a member of a Commission on Civil Defense, I spent the month of February in Great Britain. This commission was appointed by the Council of National Defense at the request of the General Staff of the Army. Military science has evolved through the centuries, engaging some of the best minds... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Washington, D. C.*Read at the Boston meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 24, 1941. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1941Volume 14, Issue 12Page: 2184-2188KeywordsArmed forces ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ARREST OF RECURRENT EMBOLISM DUE TO AURICULAR FIBRILLATION WITH MITRAL STENOSIS BY QUINIDINE-ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Howard Lackay, Edmund L. Housel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Case Reports1 November 1951THE ARREST OF RECURRENT EMBOLISM DUE TO AURICULAR FIBRILLATION WITH MITRAL STENOSIS BY QUINIDINE-ANTICOAGULANT THERAPYHOWARD LACKAY, EDMUND L. HOUSEL, M.D.HOWARD LACKAYSearch for more papers by this author, EDMUND L. HOUSEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-5-1143 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA serious and often fatal complication of auricular fibrillation, especially when associated with mitral stenosis, is the production of intraauricular thrombosis and embolism. When embolism is recurrent, the condition is likely to be fatal unless normal auricular contractions are restored and the source of emboli is thereby eliminated. Although restoration of normal rhythm by quinidine therapy has been recommended generally in the treatment of uncomplicated auricular fibrillation of short duration, there is a natural hesitation among many physicians to employ this drug in the presence of long established auricular fibrillation with repeated embolic episodes complicating serious heart disease because of...Bibliography1. OppenheimerMann BSH: Results with quinidine in heart disease, J. A. M. A. 78: 1752, 1922. Google Scholar2. SmithBoland HLEW: The treatment of auricular fibrillation with quinidine and strychnine, J. A. M. A. 113: 1017, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CampbellGordon MFW: The quinidine treatment of auricular fibrillation, Quart. J. Med. 5: 205, 1936. Google Scholar4. Smith HL: Advisability of restoring normal rhythm, M. Clin. North America 24: 1083-1088, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Carter JB: Uses and abuses of quinidine, M. Clin. North America 29: 215-228, 1945. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. WhiteBlumgart PDHL: Cessation of repeated pulmonary infarction and of congestive failure after termination of auricular fibrillation by quinidine therapy, J. Mt. Sinai Hosp. 8: 1095, 1942. Google Scholar7. Sokolow M: Quinidine in the treatment of benign auricular fibrillation with repeated emboli, Am. Heart J. 18: 494, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication January 28, 1950. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAtrial fibrillation: villain or bystander in vascular brain injuryElectrocardiographic left atrial abnormality and stroke subtype in the atherosclerosis risk in communities studyAtrial Fibrillation: A Historical Perspective 1 November 1951Volume 35, Issue 5Page: 1143-1149KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiovascular therapyDrug therapyMitral stenosisThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>The Tree</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal