tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adalimumab with or without Methotrexate in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Daniel J. Lovell, Nicolino Ruperto, Steven Goodman, Andreas Reiff, Lawrence Jung, Katerina Jarosova, Dana Nemcova, Richard Mouy, Christy Sandborg, John Bohnsack, Dirk Elewaut, Ivan Foeldvari, Valeria Gerloni, Jozef Rovensky, Kirsten Minden, Richard K. Vehe, L. Wagner Weiner, Gerd Horneff, Hans Iko Huppertz, Nancy Y. Olson, John R. Medich, Roberto Carcereri-De-Prati, Melissa J. McIlraith, Edward H. Giannini, Alberto Martini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has a pathogenic role in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal anti-TNF antibody, in children with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.Patients 4 to 17 years of age with active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who had previously received treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs underwent stratification according to methotrexate use and received 24 mg of adalimumab per square meter of body-surface area (maximum dose, 40 mg) subcutaneously every other week for 16 weeks. We randomly assigned patients with an American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 30% (ACR Pedi 30) response at week 16 to receive adalimumab or placebo in a double-blind fashion every other week for up to 32 weeks.Seventy-four percent of patients not receiving methotrexate (64 of 86) and 94% of those receiving methotrexate (80 of 85) had an ACR Pedi 30 response at week 16 and were eligible for double-blind treatment. Among patients not receiving methotrexate, disease flares (the primary outcome) occurred in 43% of those receiving adalimumab and 71% of those receiving placebo (P=0.03). Among patients receiving methotrexate, flares occurred in 37% of those receiving adalimumab and 65% of those receiving placebo (P=0.02). At 48 weeks, the percentages of patients treated with methotrexate who had ACR Pedi 30, 50, 70, or 90 responses were significantly greater for those receiving adalimumab than for those receiving placebo; the differences between patients not treated with methotrexate who received adalimumab and those who received placebo were not significant. Response rates were sustained after 104 weeks of treatment. Serious adverse events possibly related to adalimumab occurred in 14 patients.Adalimumab therapy seems to be an efficacious option for the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00048542.)
The Hospital Physicist in the Services
Authors: L. H. Gray, H. Davies, J. F. Bromley
Journal: BMJ (1945)

SIR,-Because there is delay in the arrival here of my Journals I have only recently read the correspondence on the prisonerof-war mentality.I am amazed to find in Dr. Harkness's letter of April 22, 1944, the statement that " the very large majority of our retuirned prisoners-of-war will be probleems for their lifetimne." (My italics.)It has been my privilege for the last three and a half years to administer the medical affairs of large groups of wounded and disabled prisoners.These groups consisted of some of the worst of our grands blesses-the totally blind, the double or single amputated, the extensively burned, the paralysed, and the major orthopaedic cases.Nearly all of these patients had known several years of captivity;
A RESEARCH CLEARING HOUSE IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: C. W. LIEB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Editorial1 January 1939A RESEARCH CLEARING HOUSE IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCESC. W. LIEBC. W. LIEBAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-7-1113 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedical research has not often been benefited by ideas picked up from literary scholarship, but an excellent one is now knocking at our door. It can be seen in practical form in a publication, edited by James M. Osborn, formerly at Oxford but now at Yale, and issued by the Modern Humanities Research Association. This is an international organization for the advancement of literary research, with headquarters at Oxford. Called Work In Progress, their publication lists over two thousand separate projects now in the hands of literary scholars.The purpose of their publication is to serve as a clearing house,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1939Volume 12, Issue 7Page: 1113-1115 Issue Published: 1 January 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Papanicolaou test and screening for cervical cancer
Authors: S. A. Vasilev
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The review of the literature by Drs Vasilev and Scott regarding the effectiveness of the Pap test is limited and misleading. Probably the most comprehensive, recent, governmentsponsored expert review on this question was performed by the Office of Technology Assessment and published in 1990.<sup>1</sup>The review concluded "most sensitivity rates reported in the literature are between 56% and 95%"—far from the figure of 20% to 35% cited by Vasilev and Scott from a flawed meta-analysis.<sup>2</sup>A subsequent letter to the editor in the<i>American Journal of Epidemiology</i>also pointed out how the study underestimated Pap test sensitivity.<sup>3</sup>Even the authors of the meta-analysis concede "there is good evidence that Pap test screening is effective."<sup>2</sup>Most studies suggest that approximately half of the false-negative results relate to inadequate sampling procedures,<sup>4</sup>a limitation that can be considerably improved with use of modern endocervical brush devices, of a
TCTAP A-044 Prognostic Value of N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Se Yong Jang, Jang Hoon Lee, Jae Hee Kim, Sun Hee Park, Myung Hwan Bae, Dong Heon Yang, Hun Sik Park, Yongkeun Cho, Shung Chull Chae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Wild mouse RNA tumor viruses. A nongenetically transmitted virus group closely related to exogenous leukemia viruses of laboratory mouse strains.
Authors: M Barbacid, K C Robbins, S A Aaronson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Type-C RNA viruses isolated from wild mice are causative of naturally occurring neoplasia and neurologic diseases. Biochemical and immunologic characterization of this virus group revealed that amphotropic viruses isolated from wild mice trapped in separate geographical areas are indistinguishable, whereas amphotropic and ecotropic viruses naturally infecting the same animal are env gene variants. Molecular hybridization studies established that neither host range variant is endogenous to the Mus musculus genome, although each demonstrates partial nucleotide sequence homology. Wild mouse type-C viruses exhibited much closer molecular and antigenic relatedness to the exogenous virus subgroup (Friend-, Moloney-, and Rauscher-MuLV) than to prototype endogenous viruses isolated from laboratory mouse strains. The evidence indicates that exogenous mouse type-C viruses have been maintained in nature over a long period of evolution as a separate virus group, causative of tumors in mice by a mechanism solely involving their transmission as infectious agents.
Two hour death in US execution is likely to lead to legal challenges
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

American states seeking to execute prisoners by lethal injection are likely to face a barrage of legal challenges in the coming months after a convicted murderer, Joseph R Wood III, took nearly two hours to die in an Arizona prison.

In the moments after the first (sedating) drug was introduced to intravenous tubes in Wood’s arms on 23 July, things seemed to be going smoothly, said witnesses. But soon after he had been pronounced unconscious and a deadly dose of hydromorphone added, Wood began gasping and snorting like “a fish on shore gulping for air,” said Troy Hayden, a media witness from KSAZ-TV in Phoenix. “It was tough for everybody in that room,” he added.

Wood was pronounced dead more than 90 …
THE MILLER-ABBOTT TUBE IN SURGERY
Authors: OCTA C. LEIGH
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Since the introduction of the Miller-Abbott<sup>1</sup>principle of intubation of the small bowel for the management of ileus by Abbott and Johnston,<sup>2</sup>the morbidity and mortality in our series of cases of this disease has been reduced to an all time low figure.<sup>3</sup>Although often eliminating some surgical procedures, the technic should not be considered as a nonoperative method of treatment but rather as an adjunct to proper surgical care. We continue to advise immediate operation in cases of strangulated hernia or other obvious early mechanical obstructions with mild distention and, of course, all cases suspected of gangrene of the bowel. Continuous gastric or duodenal suction and other simpler therapeutic measures are still used in many cases of mild involvement in which there is moderate distention, particularly in the early postoperative period. In the cases reported here either mechanical obstructions were demonstrated at operation or distended loops
THE OCCURRENCE OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DURING INSULIN COMA THERAPY
Authors: JOHN A. GRIMSHAW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

Five cases of methemoglobinemia resulting from the accidental substitution of sodium nitrite for potassium citrate in the gavage mixture given to terminate insulin coma treatment are recorded. The simple and efficacious treatment by intravenous injection of methylene blue is presented. It is speculated that further research might show that the intentional production of methemoglobinemia in nonhypoglycemic subjects would be a safe and useful method of treatment in schizophrenia.
Accessory splenules in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Aaron Logan, Caroline Berube, Jason Gotlib
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

A 47-year-old male with a history of warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia presented with recurrent hemolysis 2 months after laparoscopic splenectomy. On presentation, his hemoglobin was 6.9 g/dL with normal leukocyte and platelet counts. The blood smear revealed 1+ spherocytes without microangiopathy. The patient stated that he had dark brown urine on the day before presentation and a chemistry panel showed unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and undetectable haptoglobin. A direct antiglobulin test was positive for IgG. His recurrent hemolytic anemia was refractory to treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immune globulin. A 99mtechnetium-labelled heat-damaged erythrocyte scan suggested presence of several foci of accessory splenic tissue in the left upper quadrant (top image). A subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed multiple distinct accessory splenules (arrows) in the left retrocolic gutter (lower image series). The patient underwent laparoscopic removal of the splenules and experienced improvement in his hemoglobin level and transfusion independence but continued to show biochemical evidence of hemolysis. After initiating treatment with rituximab, his hemolysis resolved by all measures.1 [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] Recurrent immune-mediated hemolysis after splenectomy may indicate compensatory hypertrophy of accessory splenic tissue. Heat-damaged erythrocytes become entrapped in reticuloendothelial tissue, thus providing a useful clinical test for identifying accessory splenules.
Annular vasculitis of the head and neck in a patient with sarcoidosis
Authors: W.A. BRANFORD, P.M. FARR, D.I. PORTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A patient with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy due to sarcoidosis presented with erythema nodosum on the shins and upper arms and an unusual annular eruption resembling erythema annulare centrifugum on the head and neck. Biopsy of the latter showed a leucocytoclastic angiitis.
A piece of my mind. Secret pain
Authors: L. Barthauer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

I walked tentatively into the front room of the local women's center. Two women waited inside. One sat stooped in a chair; she appeared to contemplate her feet. The other was paced, alternately taking hits from a soda and a cigarette. It was Tuesday afternoon. At last, there were nine of us, from varied backgrounds and life-styles but sharing one characteristic: we were survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Over the next months we each related our experiences, our pain, our hope now for better lives. As we described our pasts and our attempts to seek help, I realized how poorly medical and psychiatric practitioners are equipped to handle the physical and emotional wounds of abuse in adult survivors. I vowed then to devote part of my professional energy to educating my peers. My own experience with abuse, or rather the process of digging it up from the recesses of memory, began last year, in the middle of my second year of medical school. I had developed a terrible choking feeling at night, sometimes so severe I couldn't sleep. I also had several vivid, disturbing dreams.
Late Complications of High-Dose (≥66 Gy) Thoracic Conformal Radiation Therapy in Combined Modality Trials in Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Carrie B. Lee, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Dominic T. Moore, David E. Morris, D Neil Hayes, Jan Halle, Julian G. Rosenman, M Patricia Rivera, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
A DNA Microarray-based Analysis of the Host Response to a Nonviral Gene Carrier: A Strategy for Improving the Immune Response
Authors: Hiroto Hatakeyama, Erika Ito, Momoko Yamamoto, Hidetaka Akita, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Kazuaki Kajimoto, Noritada Kaji, Yoshinobu Baba, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC FRONTAL SINUSITIS
Authors: T. W. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

were housed in tents with insufficient mosquito net¬ ting, so that the contamination was considerable.Fur¬ ther, it was impossible to have sufficient screening for the barracks, the clapboarding of which was poor.An insufficiency of crude oil did not allow of this treatment of the marshes, which were frequently 50 miles in extent, and those in Macedonia were inter¬ spersed with numerous marshy-bordered lakes.From July to October, 1916, we encountered a serious epi¬ demic among the French as well as the English troops, with a certain number of cases of the pernicious type.It is necessary to add that our microscopic examina¬ tions of the blood demonstrated to us in September and October that the proportion of malignant tertian malaria was 95 per cent.In 1917, the conditions were such as to allow of a reduction in the number of cases of malaria, thanks to a special service of prophylactic measures against malaria organized with the aid of M. Justin Godard, undersecretary of the Service de Santé.
Management of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Invasive Procedures
Authors: Todd H. Baron, Patrick S. Kamath, Robert D. McBane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

When patients receiving anticoagulation therapy undergo invasive procedures, management requires an individualized assessment of the risk of bleeding versus the risk of thrombosis. This review explains management, including bridging anticoagulation for patients receiving warfarin.
593 The dynamic changes in cytokine profiles of patients with ticlopidin induced cholestatic hepatitis and their correlation with biochemical markers of liver damage
Authors: I. Kraslova, L. Muchova, L. Vitek, R. Bruha, J. Stritesky, J. Svatosova, T. Svestka, A. Novotny, I. Subhanova, L. Dudkova
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Abstract 4524: Designer nanoparticles for selective targeting of multiple myeloma and overcoming CAM-DR.
Authors: Tanyel Kiziltepe, Jonathan Ashley, Jared Stefanick, Basar Bilgicer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In the continuing search for effective treatments for cancer, here we report the targeting and efficacy studies pursued with a designer multifunctional nanoparticle that combines traditional chemotherapy with cell targeting and anti-cellular-adhesion functionalities to selectively target multiple myeloma (MM) cells and overcome cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Anti-cellular-adhesion evolves as a promising target in oncology. VLA-4-mediated adhesion to the bone marrow extracellular matrix and stromal cells confers MM cells with CAM-DR. In our design, we used micellar nanoparticles as dynamic self-assembling scaffolds to present VLA-4-antagonist peptides and doxorubicin conjugates simultaneously to selectively target MM cells and to overcome CAM-DR. Doxorubicin was conjugated to the nanoparticles through an pH-sensitive hydrazone bond to prevent premature release and thus non-specific toxicity. Peptides were conjugated via a multifaceted synthetic procedure for generating highly effective targeting. Each component of the nanoparticle was purified to &amp;gt;98% purity prior to particle formation, and by controlling the stoichiometries of each component during particle formation, we were able to precisely control the number of targeting functionalities per nanoparticle. The nanoparticles, which exhibited a size of ∼20nm, were efficiently internalized by MM cells with an optimal peptide valency of 20 per micelle, and induced cytotoxicity to MM cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticles induced DNA double strand breaks as evidenced by H2AX phosphorylation, and triggered apoptosis, which was associated with PARP and caspase-8 cleavage. Importantly, multifunctional nanoparticles were more efficacious than doxorubicin in the presence of fibronectin (IC50=0.15±0.04 μM and 0.42±0.09 μM, respectively), and overcame CAM-DR induced by adherence of MM cells to fibronectin. Finally, in a MM xenograft model, nanoparticles preferentially homed to MM tumors, with a ∼10 fold more drug accumulation when compared to doxorubicin, and demonstrated dramatic tumor growth inhibition with much reduced overall systemic toxicity. Taken together, we demonstrate the disease-driven engineering of a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, enabling the model of an integrative approach in the treatment of MM. Citation Format: Tanyel Kiziltepe, Jonathan Ashley, Jared Stefanick, Basar Bilgicer. Designer nanoparticles for selective targeting of multiple myeloma and overcoming CAM-DR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4524
Clonal T cell responses in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from both regressive and progressive regions of primary human malignant melanoma.
Authors: P thor Straten, J C Becker, T Seremet, E B Bröcker, J Zeuthen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The T cell receptor (TCR) BV variable (V) gene repertoire of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) found in progressive and regressive regions of the same primary human melanomas were characterized by reverse transcription coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After surgery, the tumors were divided into different parts which were judged as regressive or progressive regions by visual inspection. Subsequently this diagnosis was confirmed by histology. From a total of four primary melanomas analyzed, 2 were drawn to be HLA-A2+. Only relatively few BV-gene families were expressed at significant levels in each of the samples. Comparison of the BV-expression in regressive versus progressive regions of the same tumor revealed major differences in all cases examined. Direct sequencing of RT-PCR products indicated that highly expressed BV-gene families were of clonal origin in both the regressive and progressive regions. Together, these data strongly suggest the occurrence of clonal T cell responses in both regressive and progressive areas of the same primary tumor. The differences in expression of certain BV-genes may correlate with the functional activity of certain populations of tumor-infiltrating T cells.
Abstract 4920: Effects of <i>PMEPA1</i> in prostate tumor cell growth and tumor formation
Authors: Hua Li, Hongyun Li, Eliza Raymundo, Rajesh Thangapazham, Taduru Sreenath, Albert Dobi, Shiv Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: PMEPA1 is an androgen-induced gene. We have shown that androgen receptor transcriptionally activates PMEPA1 and PMEPA1 negatively regulates androgen receptor by recruiting the E3 ubiquitinatin ligase NEDD4 to AR, therefore promoting proteasome-dependent AR degradation, thus, forming a remarkably tight feedback loop between AR and PMEPA1. Moreover, PMEPA1 mRNA was found in decreased amounts in prostate carcinoma. Previous data in cell culture models of prostate cancer have shown that DNA Methylation of the PMEPA1 gene may play a role in decreased PMEPA1 expression in human prostate cancer cells. Experimental procedures: We generated stable PMEPA1 shRNA expressing LNCaP cells and analyzed this cell line by cancer biological assays including cell counting, soft agar and cell invasive assays. To evaluate the Methylation status of PMEPA1 promoter genomic DNA from primary human prostate tumors was examined by Methylation sensitive PCR method. Results: PMEPA1 is successfully knocked down in the PMEPA1 shRNA expressing LNCaP cell line as detected at the mRNA and protein levels. The PMEPA1 knockdown cell line expressed AR protein at elevated levels and consistent elevation of AR signaling was evident in the study. Interestingly, the size of PMEPA1 knockdown cell showed altered morphology when compared to stale transfectant non-targeted shRNA LNCaP cells. In the PMEPA1 knockdown cell line we found higher number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle compared with the control. In agreement with this observation the cellular proliferations were also enhanced under both androgen dependent and independent conditions. Moreover, the PMEPA1 knockdown cells have stronger invasive activity compared to control cells. The promoter methylation study of human prostate tumor derived genomic DNA revealed DNA Methylation within the PMEPA1 promoter downstream region in 20% of the examined samples. Conclusions: PMEPA1 knockdown may enhance proliferation and invasiveness of prostate cancer cell by the elevation of AR levels. Thus PMEPA1 gene may act as a tumor suppressor gene in human prostate cancer cells. DNA methylation may play a role in silencing PMEPA1 gene expression in a subset of patients with lost or decreased PMEPA1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4920.
Thromboembolism — A Continuing Challenge
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A thrombus was defined by Welch in 1899 as "a solid mass or plug formed in the living heart or vessels from constituents of the blood."1 The cytoarchitecture of some thrombi — those formed in the venous system, for example — is similar to that found when shed blood is transformed under static conditions from its normal fluid state into a solid fibrin coagulum. The coagulation of shed blood has been intensively studied and shown to be due to the sequential activation of certain blood proteins. In the final stage of the sequence, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, and in . . .