tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ustekinumab in refractory palmoplantar pustular psoriasis
Authors: C. Morales-Múnera, E. Vilarrasa, L. Puig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Summary Background Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is characterized by sterile pustules with hyperkeratosis, erythema, scaling and fissuring on the palms and soles. PPP can present alone, or in association with palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP). Objectives To examine treatment with ustekinumab in patients with severe refractory PPPP. Methods Five patients (two men and three women, age 30–50 years) with severe refractory PPPP were treated with ustekinumab, according to a pre-established protocol. A 45 mg dose of ustekinumab was administered subcutaneously, followed by a 45 mg dose 4 weeks later and every 12 weeks thereafter. The severity of involvement and the therapeutic outcome were evaluated in every patient before, during and after treatment. Results Positive responses to ustekinumab were initially seen in all of the patients 2–3 weeks after the first dose, and were more remarkable after the second injection. Complete resolution of PPPP was achieved at week 20 and was maintained in all patients. Conclusions Ustekinumab appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic option in PPPP, leading to complete or nearly complete resolution of lesions and a significant improvement in patients' quality of life.
Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.
Authors: J. C. Brocklehurst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Part 1 Human ageing. Part 2 Clinical medicine and old age: cardiovascular system central nervous system gastrointestinal system the endocrine system the respiratory system musculoskeletal system blood other clinical topics. Part 3 Medical and community care of old people.
A memorable patient: The dead fairy sign
Authors: G. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Insight is reflecting on the words of others. In medicine this means listening to your patients. My memorable patient was a little old lady, who remarked towards the end of a long Monday morning surgery, “Oh, doctor, you have just killed a fairy.” Wondering if my ears needed syringing, I was creating a list of possible psychiatric diagnoses as the patient continued, “Didn't your mother ever tell you, every time you sigh you kill a fairy?” I was forced to admit that she had not.

This was surprising because a childhood spent in Cornwall had given me a healthy respect for, and knowledge of, the unworldy. I had recently bought my wife, whose family was full of such odd sayings, a copy of A Dictionary of Omens and Superstitions. This book provided no reference to sighs, …
Abstract MP17: Fruits and Vegetables Consumption and the Incidence of Hypertension in Three Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Lea Borgi, John Forman
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Intake of fruits and vegetables lower blood pressures in short-term interventional studies. However, data on the association of long-term intake of fruits and vegetables with hypertension risk are scarce.

Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a higher long-term intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower incidence of hypertension when compared with minimal intake of fruits and vegetables.

Methods: We prospectively examined the independent association of fruit and vegetable intake with incident hypertension in three large longitudinal cohort studies of originally non-hypertensive individuals: Nurses’ Health Study I (NHS1, n=62,273, aged 38-63 years in 1984), Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS2, n=88,831, aged 27-44 years in 1991), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n =37,414, aged 40-75 years in 1986). Information about diet (using a validated food frequency questionnaire), other risk factors and behaviors, and health status was updated biennially. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for fruit and vegetable consumption while controlling for numerous other hypertension risk factors. Random effects meta-analysis was employed to derive pooled estimates of effect.

Results: Compared with participants whose consumption was <1 serving/month, the pooled HRs among those whose intake was ≥1 serving/day were 0.80 (0.72-0.89) for total fruit, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82-1.00) for green leafy vegetables (combination of spinach, kale and lettuce), 0.94 (0.88-1.00) for cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and Brussel sprouts), and 0.97 (0.78-1.21) for other vegetables.

Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that greater long-term intake of fruits is prospectively and independently associated with a reduced risk of developing hypertension; green leafy and cruciferous vegetables were modestly but significantly inverse associated with reduced long-term risk.
Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Management.
Authors: Samuel S. C. Yen, Robert B. Jaffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Among those biomedical fields in which a virtual explosion of new knowledge and understanding has occurred over the past decade the physiology and pathophysiology of reproductive processes are prime examples.  The neural and endocrine regulation of reproduction has been explored with new and sophisticated methods and with increasing comprehension of the important factors involved in the control of this important function.  By extrapolation from animal models as well as by direct investigation involving humans new light has been shed on the operation of the human reproductive system in both health and disease.  The overall purpose of this book is to provide contemporary factual information and new understanding of human reproductive processes keeping in mind the needs of students and investigators in reproductive endocrinology and biology as well as the needs of clinicians who face the problem of diagnosing and treating reproductive dysfunction.  To accomplish these purposes the chapters range from the clinical and systemic to the cellular and molecular.  Whenever possible cellular or molecular mechanisms for normal or disturbed function are presented.  The elements of the reproductive system covered most extensively are various parts of the brain the pituitary gland and the gonads.  Each of these obviously is a separate and distinguishable component of the system but in addition they have a number of common mechanistic features.  The authors hope that these similarities and integrated modes of action will impress the reader and that some readers will be provoked into continued deeper study of this field.
Abstract P053: Body mass index is a predictor for developing hypertension among the younger Japanese elderly: Findings from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation project
Authors: Shigekazu Ukawa, Akiko Tamakoshi, Kazuyo Tsushita, Kenji Wakai, Masahiko Ando, Hideki Ohira, Satoe Okabayashi, Madoka Matsushita, Wenjing Zhao, Junko Oikawa, Takashi Kawamura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Obesity has been associated with hypertension. However, few prospective cohort studies have focused on younger elderly people. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether body mass index (BMI) was associated with the development of hypertension in younger Japanese elderly from the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation project (NISSIN) project age-specific cohort study. Methods: A total of 1,694 (767 males and 927 females) approaching the age of 65 years and without hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or undergoing treatment) at baseline (1996-2005) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics of the study participants were obtained from health check-ups and self-administered questionnaires. Development of hypertension was determined during secondary health check-ups at the same site when the participants reached 70 years of age. To obtain multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for development of hypertension in relation to baseline BMI, we controlled for possible confounders including survey year, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia at baseline, history of myocardial infarction, and family history of hypertension. Results: After eliminating participants who did not participate in the second health check-ups, data from 1,016 (468 males and 548 females) participants were analyzed. At the age of 70 years, 122 (59 males and 63 females) participants had developed hypertension. Using fully adjusted models, compared to participants with a BMI of 18.5 to 22.9, ORs of male participants with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 and ≥25.0 were 2.87 (95% CI, 1.40-5.90) and 3.20 (95% CI, 1.48-4.90), respectively. For females with a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 and ≥25.0, they were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.54-2.11) and 1.84 (95% CI, 0.86-3.93), respectively. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between BMI and development of hypertension among younger Japanese elderly men. Our findings suggest that weight management may be beneficial in the prevention of hypertension, even in the younger elderly.
Schön et al. reply to “Efomycine M: an inhibitor of selectins?”
Authors: B Gregor Wienrich, Gertie J Oostingh, Ralf J Ludwig, Sven Enders, Gesche Harms, Rudolf Tauber, Thomas Krahn, Bernd Kramer, W.-Henning Boehncke, Michael P Schön
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Capnocytophaga species and preterm birth: case series and review of the literature
Authors: E. Lopez, J. Raymond, J. Patkai, M. El Ayoubl, T. Schmitz, G. Moriette, P.-H. Jarreau
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)

Capnocytophaga, a genus of Gram-negative anaerobes that inhabit the oral cavity, has been reported to be an unusual cause of chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection. We report five cases of Capnocytophaga spp. infections in preterm infants (one proven infection and four probable infections) and review 14 previously reported cases. We suggest that Capnocytophaga sp. may be responsible for some occult causes of chorioamnionitis or preterm birth, and that the prevalence of this infection may be higher than previously reported.
The Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Authors: Chike M Nzerue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

We recently admitted a patient to our intensive care unit with methemoglobinemia and severe hemolytic anemia after he received a single dose of rasburicase.The patient was 55-year-old black man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in whom the tumor lysis syndrome developed after rituximab and bendamustine treatment despite saline and allopurinol prophylaxis.Within 6 hours after receiving rasburicase at dose of 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight, he became hypoxic, with a methemoglobin concentration of 12.2% (Table 1).He subsequently had acute intravascular hemolysis, with the hemoglobin level decreasing from 13.1 to 4.5 g per deciliter, the lactate dehydrogenase level increasing from 158 to 1229 U per liter, and the haptoglobin level decreasing from 130 to 10 mg per deciliter.An elevated plasma oxyhemoglobin level (30.9 mg per deciliter [4.8 μmol per liter]; reference range, 0.0 to 12.4 mg per deciliter [0.0 to 1.9 μmol per liter]) was accompanied by acute pulmonary hypertension (tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of 3.5 m per second; reference range, 1.7 to 2.8). 1,2He was found to have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.Rasburicase causes oxidative stress by releasing hydrogen peroxide during the conversion of uric acid to allantoin. 3Although not specifically mentioned in the review by Howard et al. (May 12 issue), 4 the Food and Drug Administration recommends that patients from populations where G6PD deficiency is common undergo testing before treatment with rasburicase. 5
Abstract 13599: Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Decrease Oxidative Stress by Augmenting Antioxidant Potential in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Noriko Yoshida, Emiko Shiotani, Hiroshi Niiyama, Haruhito Harada, Atsushi Kato, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Hisao Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays important roles in pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease. However, little is known about the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on the oxidant offense and antioxidant defense systems in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decrease oxidative stress in patient with CVD. Methods: Thirty-two patients with CVD refer to in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation were divided to aerobic exercise (AE) group (n=15) and combined aerobic and resistance exercise (AE+RE) group (n=17). AE sessions consisted of 50 minutes of exercise (anaerobic threshold level), 5 days/week during training period (mean 27 days). Resistance exercise (30% of 1-repetition maximum) was performed 3 days/week before AE sessions. Serum reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were measured using the FRAS4 (Diacron International, Italy) before and after training period. BAP/d-ROMs ratio was used as an indicator of oxidative stress. Results: No significant differences in baseline values of age, body mass index, exercise tolerance and BAP/d-ROMs ratio were observed between the AE+RE group and the AE group. After training period, exercise tolerance (the AE group: 5.1 ± 1.0 to 5.6 ± 1.0 METs, p&lt;0.01, the AE+RE group: 5.1 ± 1.1 to 5.7 ± 1.0 METs, p&lt;0.01) were significantly increased in both groups. In the AE+RE group, d-ROMs decreased and BAP significantly increased (2173 ± 268 to 2338 ± 182, p&lt;0.05). Consequently BAP/d-ROMs ratio significantly increased (7.3 ± 1.5 to 8.9 ± 3.1, p&lt;0.05) after training period. In the AE group, d-ROMs significantly decreased (374 ± 61 to 347 ± 61, p&lt;0.05), and BAP trends to decreased (2389 ± 201 to 2279 ± 189, p&lt;0.1). Consequently BAP/d-ROMs ratio did not significantly change after training period. BAP/d-ROMs ratio in the AE+RE group were significantly higher than those in the AE group (8.9 ± 3.1 vs 6.8 ± 1.3, p&lt;0.05) after training period. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decrease oxidative stress by augmenting antioxidant potential in patients with CVD.
Palivizumab and the importance of cost effectiveness
Authors: Alison Teale, Sanjeev Deshpande, Amanda Burls
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Prioritising scarce NHS resources is difficult and contentious.  Alison Teale ,  Sanjeev Deshpande , and  Amanda Burls  discuss the issues surrounding cost effectiveness decisions in the health service and the processes used by a commissioning team in the West Midlands
Abstract 1013: Depression and Heart Failure: A Recipe for Inflammation?
Authors: Rebecca L Cross, Lorraine Evangelista, Julienne Bower, Michael Irwin, Lynn V Doering
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Depression is common among HF patients, and is independently associated with morbidity and mortality. Proinflammatory markers, which are elevated in each condition, may adversely affect clinical outcomes in HF patients. Initial studies show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is related to depression in this population. To date, the relationship of other proinflammatory markers to depression in HF is unclear. Thus, we investigated differences in soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-α between HF patients, with and without depressive symptoms, and controls, with and without depressive symptoms. Methods: Individuals with HF (n = 29, aged 55 ± 8 years, 76% male) and without HF (n = 43, aged 50 ± 7 years, 51% male) were recruited from HF clinics and from the community. Subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), were classified as depressed (BDI ≥ 10) or non-depressed (BDI &lt; 10), and underwent phlebotomy. Proinflammatory markers were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with linear regression and ANCOVA, using age, gender, BMI, and medications as covariates. Results: Seventeen HF (58%) and 7 controls (16%) were coded as depressed. The depressed HF subgroup differed from the non-depressed controls for each of the inflammatory markers (see Table , p &lt; .05). Additionally, the presence of both HF and depression were independently associated with an increase in sICAM-1 (β = 3.05, p = .003) and IL-6 (β = 2.3, p= .03), but not TNF- α (β = 1.8, p = .07). Conclusion: Increased inflammation in HF results from multiple biomarkers, including sICAM-1 and IL-6. The combination of HF and depression is an independent predictor of increased inflammation. This relationship may partly explain increases in morbidity and mortality associated with comorbid depression and HF. Careful assessment and treatment of depression in HF patients is warranted. Results of ANCOVA for HF and Controls
A novel type of human papillomavirus (HPV 95): comparison with infections of closely related human papillomavirus types
Authors: K. Egawa, R. Kimmel, E-M. De Villiers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Infection with certain human papillomavirus (HPV) types induces warts with specific macroscopic and microscopic features.1 Clinical, histological and virological correlations have been established between myrmecia (deep palmoplantar warts), granular intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Gr‐ICBs) and HPV 1, between pigmented warts, homogeneous (Hg)‐ICBs and the related HPV 4, 60 and 65, and between punctate warts, filamentous (Fl)‐ICBs and HPV 63. We recently observed a distinct type of Hg‐ICB in small wart‐like lesions in a 16‐year‐old Japanese renal transplant recipient with a 2‐year history of viral warts on her hands and feet (Fig. 1a). The asymptomatic small warty papules of normal skin colour shared some resemblance to those of HPV 2/27/57‐induced common warts, HPV 4/60/65‐induced pigmented warts, or HPV 88‐associated small wart‐like lesions.2 Microscopically, the epidermis was acanthotic with hyperkeratosis and partial hypergranulosis, with basic histological features compatible with those of common warts. The additional histological feature of eosinophilic Hg‐ICBs surrounding a vacuolated nucleus in each cell in the granular and upper spinous cell layers was characteristic for all lesions examined (Figs 1b,c). These microscopic features of the Hg‐ICBs resembled those of HPV 4/65‐associated Hg‐ICBs (Figs 1d,e) to a certain extent, but were quite distinct from those of HPV 60‐associated Hg‐ICBs (Fig. 1f), as well as those of HPV 1‐associated Gr‐ICBs, HPV 63‐associated Fl‐ICBs and HPV 88‐associated fibrillar ICBs. The subsequent comparative analysis of lesions displaying the different types of Hg‐ICB revealed an abundance of the HPV 95‐associated Hg‐ICBs in the upper epidermal cell layers, similar to that seen in HPV 4/65‐associated lesions, in contrast to a few scattered cells in the HPV 60‐infected lesions. HPV 95‐associated Hg‐ICBs shared the feature of eosinophilic bodies with a crescent‐like appearance with HPV 4/65‐associated Hg‐ICBs, in contrast to the round bodies in HPV 60‐associated Hg‐ICBs. The crescent‐like eosinophilic bodies were, however, usually 'atrophic' and separated from an extremely vacuolated nucleus in HPV 4‐induced warts, in contrast to that seen in HPV 65/95‐induced warts where they filled out the entire cytoplasm and encased the nucleus. Tiny vesicular structures seen within HPV 4/65‐associated Hg‐ICBs were not seen in Hg‐ICBs associated with HPV 95. Clear distinction between the different types of Hg‐ICB was not always possible, despite the differences mentioned.
Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion
Authors: E M Reiman, R D Lane, G L Ahern, G E Schwartz, R J Davidson, K J Friston, L S Yun, K Chen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Objective: Positron emission tomography was used to investigate the neural substrates of normal human emotion and their dependence on the type of emotional stimulus.Method: Twelve healthy female subjects underwent 12 measurements of regional brain activity following the intravenous bolus administration of [ 15 O]H 2 O as they alternated between emotion-generating and control film and recall tasks.Automated image analysis techniques were used to characterize and compare the increases in regional brain activity associated with the emotional response to complex visual (film) and cognitive (recall) stimuli.Results: Film-and recall-generated emotion were each associated with significantly increased activity in the vicinity of the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus, suggesting that these regions participate in aspects of emotion that do not depend on the nature of the emotional stimulus.Film-generated emotion was associated with significantly greater increases in activity bilaterally in the occipitotemporoparietal cortex, lateral cerebellum, hypothalamus, and a region that includes the anterior temporal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampal formation, suggesting that these regions participate in the emotional response to certain exteroceptive sensory stimuli.Recall-generated sadness was associated with significantly greater increases in activity in the vicinity of the anterior insular cortex, suggesting that this region participates in the emotional response to potentially distressing cognitive or interoceptive sensory stimuli.Conclusions: While this study should be considered preliminary, it identified brain regions that participate in externally and internally generated human emotion.