tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appearance of Situs Inversus Totalis and Polysplenia Syndrome on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Metin Halac, Sanem S. Mut, Selda Ylmaz, Nurhan Ergul, Kerim Sonmezoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 49-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer had undergone surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for local disease. The patient was referred to our PET/CT department to search for possible metastatic disease. After a 6-hour fast (serum glucose level 120 mg/dL), the patient was injected with 14.9 mCi (555 MBq) F-18 of FDG intravenously. After a 1-hour waiting period, the patient was imaged using a dedicated Siemens Biograph LSO HI-REZ integrated PET/CT camera. The CT scan without intravenous contrast was used for anatomic landmarking and attenuation correction. In addition to the metastatic disease on the anterior chest wall, there was situs inversus. Also CT images of the PET/CT study showed multiple spleens along the greater curvature of the stomach in the right side of the upper abdomen.
Abdominal Access in Open and Laparoscopie Surgery
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Once in a great while a unique book comes along. This is such a book. In a brief 194 pages the contributors discuss an aspect of surgery from a perspective that has not been previously considered. In the preface the editors correctly point out that "... minimally invasive surgery has blended basic concepts... with improved technology" and that "We are currently functioning with the first generation of equipment not specially designed for minimally invasive surgery." In their book they present both old and new methods for gaining abdominal access. This includes classic surgical incisions, endoscopy, and various types of intraperitoneal approaches using minimally invasive surgery. Additionally, even newer methods that include the subcutaneous lift system and planar lifting are discussed. Surgeons who have not had experience with these latter two methods will find the descriptions fascinating, informative, and complete. The two chapters on complications of CO<sub>2</sub>pneumoperitoneum are particularly interesting.
Campaign to revitalise academic medicine: A road map needs to be drawn for the 21st century
Authors: Jean D Gray
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The international effort to revise and reform academic medicine is timely and appropriate.1

In the past century the science of medicine has become a massive enterprise, fuelled by both government and industry money. But growth has also resulted in a separation of science from practitioners of the discipline. Most of today's major scientific health advances are created not by practising doctors but by people …
Is systematic preoperative screening for muscle relaxant and latex allergy advisable?
Authors: F. Porri, M. Pradal, C. Rud, D. Charpin, M. Alazia, F. Gouin, D. Vervloet
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We investigated a female population prior to general anaesthesia, using skin prick tests with latex and muscle relaxants to appraise the validity and feasibility of a systematic preoperative screening for these substances. Anaesthetists performed skin tests, and positive and doubtful tests were checked in our allergy department. Of 114 patients, 42 had uninterpretable tests because of dermographism (28 patients) or suppression of skin reactivity (14 patients). Among the other 72, nine had a positive or doubtful test to latex, and seven a positive or doubtful test to one or more muscle relaxants. After checking, only four sensitizations to latex and one to muscle relaxant were confirmed. In conclusion, a systematic screening for latex and muscle relaxant allergy is not advisable. In contrast, screening for latex allergy in selected high‐risk groups (spina bifida, health‐care workers) is necessary.
Binding of quinine- and quinidine-dependent drug antibodies to platelets is mediated by the Fab domain of the immunoglobulin G and is not Fc dependent.
Authors: M E Smith, D M Reid, C E Jones, J V Jordan, C A Kautz, N R Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The antibody domain controlling reactions between platelet membranes and drug-dependent (dd) antibodies from patients with thrombocytopenia induced by cinchona alkaloids was studied using F(ab')2, Fab, and Fc fragments made from purified dd-IgG. By direct binding radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements, 20,000 to 50,000 antibody molecules bound per platelet equivalent of purified platelet membranes at apparent saturation with three different antibodies. F(ab')2 and Fab fragments bound to platelet membranes drug dependently but Fc fragments did not. The ability of dd-IgG fragments to compete with intact IgG was quantitatively measured by RIA and by complement fixation. F(ab')2 and Fab competed with intact IgG at an 8:1 and greater than 50:1 molar ratio, respectively, in RIA, and at a 1.6-3:1 and 44-75:1 ratio, respectively, by complement fixation assays. Fc did not compete with IgG in either assay. We conclude that the Fab domain supports attachment of dd antibody to the platelet surface.
SARCOMA OF THE UVEAL TRACT FOLLOWING TRAUMA
Authors: EDWARD STIEREN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The adoption of workman's compensation legislation in this country and abroad has brought to the fore an ever increasing number of petitions for compensation, the claim being made that a local injury is responsible for the subsequent development of a malignant growth in the part affected.  During the past decade, surgeons and pathologists in general have altered their views in regard to trauma and malignancy, now accepting the causal relationship. Many judicial opinions have been rendered in favor of the issue and the causal relationship is accepted by courts and compensation bureaus everywhere.  That there are dissenters from this view is attested by the opinion of Dandy,1who stated that, since sarcoma had never been produced experimentally by trauma, he did not think that injury had any bearing on either its cause or increased propagation.  It is significant to observe that in this instance the commissioner ruled for the
Catheter-Based Transcoronary Myocardial Hypothermia Attenuates Arrhythmia and Myocardial Necrosis in Pigs With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hiromasa Otake, Junya Shite, Oscar Luis Paredes, Toshiro Shinke, Ryohei Yoshikawa, Yusuke Tanino, Satoshi Watanabe, Toru Ozawa, Daisuke Matsumoto, Daisuke Ogasawara, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
AB1128 An Evaluation of A Comic Book for Children Explaining Chronic Pain in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study of Older People's Views on the Value of “Medikidz Explain Pain”
Authors: D. Martin, G. Anthony, L. Anderson, P. Schofield, P. McNamee, D. Jones, A. Clarke, R. Docking, B.H. Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic pain is a particular problem for older adults: age-related biopsychosocial changes can make it more difficult to deal with the effects of chronic pain, and widely held views that living with pain is a natural consequence of aging can add to the problem. For many older people their role as a grandparent is a significant part of their life and this can be disrupted by chronic pain. As part of a large study on self management by older people with chronic pain (EOPIC) we developed a comic book to address an issue that older people highlighted as important to them: a lack of understanding by their grandchildren and other family members of how pain affects the older person. The comic book, "What9s Up With Moira9s Grandad? Medikidz Explain Chronic Pain", presents key information, including that gathered within the EOPIC study from interviews with older people about their experience of living with pain. The book was developed in partnership with Medikidz, in their specialist format of comic books of health information for children and younger people. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore older people9s views on the value of the comic book. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Participants were older people over 65 years with self-reported chronic pain, living in the community, who were grandparents. Purposive sampling was used to recruit men and women from a range of ages. Participants were given a copy of the comic book to use at their discretion. They then took part in a face to face interview during which they discussed their thoughts on the value of the book in the context of their role as a grandparent. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analysed thematically. <h3>Results</h3> 13 people have been interviewed (6 women, 7 men; age range 63-87; range of duration of living with pain 3-30 years). Discussions described various degrees of disruptive effects of chronic pain on grandparenting, and understanding by young people and other family members of older people with chronic pain. Most participants were very positive about the potential of the book to facilitate young people9s understanding about chronic pain and its effects in older people, highlighting issues including the attractiveness of the format, the authenticity of the story, and the comprehensive scope of the information. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The comic book is a potentially useful resource to facilitate the understanding of younger people, and the wider family, about how chronic pain affects older adults. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The study was supported by a grant from the Joint UK Research Council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing initiative. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3029
Parasite-related IgE Antibodies, Including IgE to Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, in Sera from Virginia and Ecuador
Authors: H.R. James, L.A. Kelly, S.L. Pochan, S.P. Commins, L.J. Workman, L.W. Nganga, P.J. Cooper, T.A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Concanavalin A hepatotoxicity in mice: Tumor necrosis factor-mediated organ failure independent of caspase-3-like protease activation
Authors: Gerald Künstle, Hannes Hentze, Paul-Georg Germann, Gisa Tiegs, Thomas Meergans, Albrecht Wendel
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Several models of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-dependent liver injury in mice were investigated with respect to caspase-3-like protease activation representing a pivotal mechanism of apoptotic cell death. Injection of TNF or T-cell-activating agents ( i.e. , agonistic anti-CD3 antibody or staphylococcal enterotoxin B [SEB]) into galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice caused TNF/TNF-R1-dependent liver injury. Intravenous concanavalin A (Con A) alone induced TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity dependent on both TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. Hepatic caspase-3-like proteases were activated in GalN/TNF, GalN/anti-CD3, or GalN/SEB-treated mice, but not in Con A-treated mice. Consistently, the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, benzoyloxycarbonyl-val-ala-asp-fluoromethylketone (zVADfmk), prevented TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity in all GalN-dependent models, but failed to protect against Con A. Under transcriptional arrest, however, Con A induced TNF-R1-dependent, but not TNF-R2-dependent, activation of caspase-3-like proteases, and zVADfmk prevented animals from Con A-mediated liver injury under this condition. Histological analysis revealed distinct differences between Con A- and GalN/Con A-induced liver injury regarding apoptotic morphology of hepatocytes. We conclude that impaired transcription induces a switch of Con A hepatotoxicity toward a caspase-3-like protease-dependent pathway. The observation that the functional state of the transcriptional machinery decides whether TNF-driven hepatocyte apoptosis involves activation of caspase-3-like proteases or alternative signaling pathways in vivo might be of relevance for the immunopathology of the liver.
Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infectionsof the skin: Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor
Authors: Lynn A. Drake, Scott M. Dinehart, Evan R. Farmer, Robert W. Goltz, Gloria F. Graham, Maria K. Hordinsky, Charles W. Lewis, David M. Pariser, John W. Skouge, Stephen B. Webster, Duane C. Whitaker, Barbara Butler, Barbara J. Lowery, Boni E. Elewski, Mervyn L. Elgart, Paul H. Jacobs, Jack L. Lesher, Richard K. Scher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: M. Nagy El Mahallawy
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Factors that might affect the development of diabetic nephropathy were sought in a study of 391 patients with diabetes mellitus. "Diabetic proteinuria" was found in 47. No sex difference in incidence was noted; but in males, the frequency of its occurrence was greatest in the higher age group, while in females there was no statistically significant difference in distribution among various age groups. The frequency of proteinuria increased greatly with increase in the duration of diabetes. No correlation was found between diabetic proteinuria and the severity of diabetes as rated by the fasting blood sugar level. It was confirmed that the development of proteinuria in the diabetic is very much related to the degree of control of the diabetic state. The biophysical and biochemical abnormalities which result from poor control are suggested as factors in the pathogenesis of the nephropathy.
ARE “NEW GENERATION” DES SUPERIOR TO “OLD GENERATION” DES IN REDUCING ADVERSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES AT LONG–TERM FOLLOW–UP: INSIGHTS FROM REAL (REGISTRO REGIONALE ANGIOPLASTICHE DELL'EMILIA–ROMAGNA) MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Luigi Vignali, Emilia Solinas, Paolo Guastaroba, Francesco Saia, Elisabetta Varani, Andrea Santarelli, Marco Valgimigli, Andrea Rubboli, Alberto Benassi, Antonio Manari, Alberto Cremonesi, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Diego Ardissino, Antonio Marzocchi, Rossana De Palma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tuberculosis among Health Care Workers
Authors: Dick Menzies, Anne Fanning, Lilian Yuan, Mark Fitzgerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The risk of tuberculosis among health care workers was substantial in the era before antibiotics1 but declined rapidly after 1950 because of the lower incidence of the disease in the population and the advent of effective therapy. These changes resulted in the relaxation of infection-control practices in hospitals, if not outright neglect of such practices. Over the past decade, two factors have profoundly altered views about the risk of tuberculosis in health care workers. The first is the resurgence of the disease. Between 1985 and 1991, the incidence of all forms of tuberculosis increased by 24 to 34 percent in . . .
EGF Receptor Is Required for KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Christine M. Ardito, Barbara M. Grüner, Kenneth K. Takeuchi, Clara Lubeseder-Martellato, Nicole Teichmann, Pawel K. Mazur, Kathleen E. DelGiorno, Eileen S. Carpenter, Christopher J. Halbrook, Jason C. Hall, Debjani Pal, Thomas Briel, Alexander Herner, Marija Trajkovic-Arsic, Bence Sipos, Geou-Yarh Liou, Peter Storz, Nicole R. Murray, David W. Threadgill, Maria Sibilia, M. Kay Washington, Carole L. Wilson, Roland M. Schmid, Elaine W. Raines, Howard C. Crawford, Jens T. Siveke
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Surfacing after burnout
Authors: D. Bass
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Chris Johnstone's Career Focus article on burnout ( BMJ , 1 May 1999) struck a chord with me as I had recently downshifted from the chaos of trauma surgery.

Unlike Dr Johnstone, it was not a respiratory tract infection which took me out of the fast lane; it was the discovery from a long overdue medical check up that I was hypertensive. Sadly, I am unlikely the first or the last professional person who has demanded a nice, unequivocal diagnosis before accepting that physical and emotional resources were buckling under the prevailing demands.

> Did anyone realise that my coping mechanisms were exhausted? 

For 12 years I headed a paediatric trauma unit. The profile of trauma care in South Africa is well known, and the substantial cohort of British students who visit our hospitals no doubt return home well equipped with ripping yarns of rivers of blood and guns hidden under hospital gowns. When local trauma surgeons gather at conferences …
CANCER CLINICS: Occupational Cancer with Special Reference to Carcinoma of the Lung in Chromate Workers
Authors: M. Kuschner, N. Nelson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1957)

DR. KUSCHNER: The recognition andinvestigation of occupational tumors serve several important functions.First and foremost, of course,such studies are the basis for the elimination or protec tive modification of industrial procedures which are associated with a high cancer risk.To the extent that these are success ful, morbidity and mortality from cancer are reduced.Secondly, a study of occupa tional tumors and of the specific agents
Neurological complications appear often in AIDS
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Neurological complications may be much higher in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than has heretofore been realized. A study from the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine has found that of 370 patients with AIDS seen at the university's hospital, 178 had significant neurological complications. Furthermore, neurological complications were the initial complaint in 10%, according to Robert Levy, MD, PhD, senior resident in neurology, who reported at the annual meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons in Atlanta, immediately following the international conference there on AIDS. Overall, the San Francisco experience with neurological lesions in patients with AIDS is somewhat different than that of others, such as those in Florida or in New York City, where the neurological aspects of the syndrome have also been studied. Levy, whose colleagues in the San Francisco study include Dale E. Bredesen, MD, assistant professor of neurology, and Mark
Acute gastric dilatation after trauma.
Authors: A T Kasenally, A G Felice, J R Logie
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Acute gastric dilatation after traumaAcute gastric dilatation is a condition which, if not diagnosed and therefore not treated, carries a high mortalitv.'While it usually complicates abdominal operations it has been reported after minor operations.The widespread use of nasogastric suction after abdominal operations has led to a considerable fall in its incidence in recent years.Many young surgeons will therefore have no experience of this condition.We report here two unusual cases of acute gastric dilatation, both of which followed trauma to the upper abdomen. Case 1A 9-year-old girl was admitted after being in a road traffic accident.On physical examination she was extremely dyspnoeic, there was bruising over the right side of chest and epigastrium, and her abdomen was slightly distended and tender.A chest x-ray picture showed an extensive right-sided haemopneumothorax (see figure ), and straight films of the abdomen showed pronounced gastric dilatation with a fluid level.A nasogastric tube was passed and a large amount of gas, together with clear fluid, was aspirated.This resulted in a dramatic improvement in the patient's condition, her abdominal pain was relieved immediately, her respiratory rate fell, and her abdomen became soft and free from tenderness.The haemopneumothorax was treated by the insertion of a drain through the second intercostal space.During the next 36 hours the patient had recurrent episodes of gastric dilatation as evidenced by a tender, distended, and hyperresonant abdomen.This settled after a further 48 hours' naso- gastric suction.Her progress thereafter was uneventful. Case 2An 8-year-old boy was admitted after he had been knocked down by a car.On admission he was extremely restless.Abdominal examination showed
The Mitochondrial Phenotype of Peripheral Muscle in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Martin Picard, Richard Godin, Michael Sinnreich, Jacinthe Baril, Jean Bourbeau, Hélène Perrault, Tanja Taivassalo, Yan Burelle
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Peripheral muscle alterations have been recognized to contribute to disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).To describe the mitochondrial phenotype in a moderate to severe COPD population and age-matched controls.Three primary aspects of mitochondrial function were assessed in permeabilized locomotor muscle fibers.Respiration rates per milligram of fiber weight were significantly lower in COPD muscle compared with healthy age-matched control muscle under various respiratory states. However, when variations in mitochondrial volume were taken into account by normalizing respiration per unit of citrate synthase activity, differences between the two groups were abolished, suggesting the absence of specific mitochondrial respiratory impairment in COPD. H(2)O(2) production per mitochondrion was higher both under basal and ADP-stimulated states, suggesting that mitochondria from COPD muscle have properties that potentiate H(2)O(2) release. Direct assessment of mitochondrial sensitivity to Ca(2+)-induced opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) indicated that mitochondria from patients with COPD were more resistant to PTP opening than their counterparts in control subjects.Comparison of these results with those of studies comparing healthy glycolytic with oxidative muscle suggests that these differences may be attributable to greater type II fiber expression in COPD muscle, as mitochondria within this fiber type have respiratory function similar to that of mitochondria from type I fibers, and yet are intrinsically prone to greater release of H(2)O(2) and more resistant to PTP opening. These results thus argue against the presence of pathological mitochondrial alterations in this category of patients with COPD.
Partial protection of seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine against novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009: case-control study in Mexico City
Authors: L. Garcia-Garcia, J. L. Valdespino-Gomez, E. Lazcano-Ponce, A. Jimenez-Corona, A. Higuera-Iglesias, P. Cruz-Hervert, B. Cano-Arellano, A. Garcia-Anaya, E. Ferreira-Guerrero, R. Baez-Saldana, L. Ferreyra-Reyes, S. Ponce-de-Leon-Rosales, C. Alpuche-Aranda, M. H. Rodriguez-Lopez, R. Perez-Padilla, M. Hernandez-Avila
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the association of 2008-9 seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine with cases of influenza A/H1N1 during the epidemic in Mexico. <b>Design</b> Frequency matched case-control study. <b>Setting</b> Specialty hospital in Mexico City, March to May 2009. <b>Participants</b> 60 patients with laboratory confirmed influenza A/H1N1 and 180 controls with other diseases (not influenza-like illness or pneumonia) living in Mexico City or the State of Mexico and matched for age and socioeconomic status. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Odds ratio and effectiveness of trivalent inactivated vaccine against influenza A/H1N1. <b>Results</b> Cases were more likely than controls to be admitted to hospital, undergo invasive mechanical ventilation, and die. Controls were more likely than cases to have chronic conditions that conferred a higher risk of influenza related complications. In the multivariate model, influenza A/H1N1 was independently associated with trivalent inactivated vaccine (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.66) and underlying conditions (0.15, 0.08 to 0.30). Vaccine effectiveness was 73% (95% confidence interval 34% to 89%). None of the eight vaccinated cases died. <b>Conclusions</b> Preliminary evidence suggests some protection from the 2008-9 trivalent inactivated vaccine against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009, particularly severe forms of the disease, diagnosed in a specialty hospital during the influenza epidemic in Mexico City.