tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16892: Beneficial Effect of miR-25 Decoy Overexpression in a Murine Model of Heart Failure
Authors: Dongtak Jeong, Jae Gyun Oh, Alessia Baccarini, Brian Brown, Mark Mercola, Roger J Hajjar
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Recently, our group found that miR-25 is a key microRNA that regulates SERCA2a and we showed anti-miR25 treatment enhanced cardiac contractility and function through SERCA2a restoration in murine heart failure model. However, the strong and stable suppression of specific microRNA activity would be essential to evaluate the therapeutic potential of such an approach. In this study, we constructed a miR-25 decoy t using TuD RNA (tough decoy RNAs) and miR-25 decoy activity was evaluated in various settings. Methods: First, miR-25 decoy construct was applied to both isolated adult cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. A pMirTarget vector containing SERCA2a 3’-UTR under luciferase was used to evaluate this decoy specificity. Second, we generated pressure-overload heart failure models in mouse by TAC operation. In the HF mice, AAV9-GFP (control) and AAV9-miR-25 decoy were delivered by tail vein injection. Two months following gene transfer, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. Protein and RNA expression levels of SERCA2a and miR-25 expression level were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Results: First, we observed that we were able to achieve about 2-3 fold increase of SERCA2a expression by miR-25 decoy transfection in both H9C2 and in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Also, similar expression pattern was confirmed in the heart of miR-25 decoy injected normal mice. Second, the HF model by TAC surgery was confirmed with echocardiography. Overall average FS (%) in HF was 37.77+/- 8.75 (n=10) and in non-surgery control mice was 62.51 +/- 3.42(n=4). After AAV9 injection, cardiac function of AAV9-miR-25 decoy injected mice was enhanced but AAV9-GFP injected mice showed severe cardiac dysfunction and dilation (AAV-GFP (n=6) vs AAV-miR-25 decoy (n=4)). Third, western blot analysis showed that SERCA2a expression was significantly restored in miR-25 decoy injected mice. In addition, we confirmed that miR-25 expression level was kept low by qRT-PCR analysis. Taken together, our data would indicate that using miR-25 decoy is an effective strategy for the long-term suppression of miR-25 and it may be a promising therapeutic target to restore SERCA2a and reverse the HF phenotype.
Bone Density in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Pla Vandaele, Rp Stolk, H Burger, D Algra, De Grobbee, A Hofman, Jc Birkenhager, Hap Pols
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To investigate the relation between non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip. Design: Population-based study with a cross-sectional survey. Setting: A district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: 5931 residents (2481 men, 3450 women) of the district aged 55 years or more. Measurements: Participants were classified as having non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus if they were receiving antidiabetic medication or if they had a serum glucose level of 11.1 mmol/L or more after a nonfasting oral glucose tolerance test. Bone mineral density, measured at the lumbar spine and proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and the frequency of nonvertebral fractures during the preceding 5 years were compared between persons with and without non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Results: 243 men and 335 women had non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Both men and women with this condition had substantially higher mean bone mineral density values at all four sites measured than those with normal glucose tolerance. The increase could not be explained by age; obesity; use of estrogens, thiazides, or loop diuretics; impairment in abilities of daily living; smoking; or osteoarthritis. Women with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reported having had fewer fractures in the 5 preceding years than women without this condition (adjusted odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.90). The frequency of fractures in men was similar for those with and without non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96; CI, 0.60 to 1.52). Conclusions: Men and women with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have increased bone mineral density. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women is associated with a lower frequency of nonvertebral fractures.
451. Matrix Metalloproteinase-Targeted Oncolytic Sendai Virus Vector “Armed” with a Sucide Gene “Yeast Cytosine Deaminase”; Remarkable Combinational Effects
Authors: Hiroaki Kinoh, Makoto Inoue, Kentaro Washizawa, Eiji Akiba, Momoru Hasegawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Malignant tumor cells often express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) at a high level to enable their dissemination and metastasis. Sendai virus (SeV), a non-segmented negative strand RNA virus, spreads in the target tissues in vivo via cleavage activation of the viral fusion (F) glycoprotein by a tissue-specific, trypsin-like protease. By deleting the viral matrix (M) protein, we had generated a genetically modified SeV that does not bud to mature virons, but is highly fusogenic and spreads extensively from cell to cell in a trypsin-dependent manner. Moreover, we had changed the tryptic cleavage site of the F glycoprotein of this vector to a site susceptible to MMPs. The resulting recombinant SeV vector was no longer activated by trypsin but spread efficiently in cultured cells supplemented with MMP2 or MMP9, and in human tumor cell lines expressing these MMPs. This vector spread extensively in tumor cells xenotransplanted to nude mice without disseminating to the surrounding normal cells, leading to the strong inhibition of the tumor growth in the mice. We call this vector as the |[ldquo]|MMP-targeted oncolytic Sendai virus vector; SeV/F(MMP-sub)|[Delta]|M|[rdquo]|.
Abstract MP85: Prognostic Impact of Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction after Myocardial Infarction in the Community
Authors: Yariv Gerber, Susan A Weston, Cecilia Berardi, Alanna M Chamberlain, Sheila M McNallan, Ruoxiang Jiang, Shannon M Dunlay, Veronique L Roger
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Contemporary community data on the prognostic importance of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI) according to (1) preserved or reduced ejection fraction (EF) and (2) the time of its occurrence are lacking. We examined HF-associated mortality and secular trends in survival among patients with and without HF in a geographically defined cohort of MI survivors. Methods: All residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota (n=2,596) who had a first MI diagnosed in 1990-2010 and no prior HF were followed through 2012 for HF incidence and mortality. Framingham Heart Study criteria were used to define HF, which was further classified according to EF. Cox models were used to examine (1) the hazard ratios (HRs) for death associated with HF type (preserved or reduced) and timing (early- or late-onset); and (2) secular trends in survival by HF status. Results: During a mean (SD) follow-up of 4 (3) years, 748 patients developed HF (519 within 30 days) and 673 died. After adjusting for age, sex, and year of index MI, HF as a time-dependent variable was strongly associated with mortality (HR=3.33 vs. HF-free subjects). Mortality did not differ by HF type, but was markedly higher for late-onset (&gt;30 days) than for early-onset HF. Further adjustment for indicators of MI severity and comorbidity burden, acute intervention, and recurrent MI attenuated the association (Table). The age- and sex-adjusted HRs for mortality in 2001-2010 vs. 1990-2000 were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58-0.88) in HF and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59-0.93) in HF-free patients. These estimates equate to 10.18 (95% CI: 3.82-16.54) and 3.75 (95% CI: 0.90-6.61) fewer deaths per 100 subjects at 5 years of follow-up in participants with and without HF, respectively. Conclusions: HF markedly increases the risk of death after MI. The magnitude of this excess risk is similar between preserved and reduced EF but greater for late- vs. early-onset HF. Mortality declined over time in all patients with MI, and the absolute reduction in the risk of death was substantially greater for those with HF.
Abstract P182: Aortic Arch Pulse Wave Velocity Assessed by MRI as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Yoshiaki Ohyama, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh, Chikara Noda, Jang Young Kim, Atul Chugh, Gisela Teixido Tura, Chia-Ying Liu, Alban Redheuil, Colin Wu, Gregory Hundley, David Bluemke, Eliseo Guallar, Joao Lima
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessed by tonometry is predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, the predictive value of aortic arch PWV assessed by MRI for mortality and CVD events has not been established in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of arch PWV with all-cause mortality and incident CVD events over 10 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Method: Aortic arch PWV was measured using phase contrast (PC) cine MRI at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation for transit time and black blood sagittal image for transit length at baseline in 3537 MESA participants free of overt CVD. Cox regression was used to evaluate the risk of death and incident CVD in relation to arch PWV adjusted for age, gender, race, and CV risk factors. Results: At baseline, participants were aged 62 ± 10 years; 53% women; 36% White, 15% Chinese, 29% African American, 20% Hispanic; 45% hypertension. The mean value of arch PWV was 9.0 ± 6.3 m/s. There were 418 deaths and 236 CVD events over 10-year follow-up. There was significant interaction between arch PWV and mean age for both outcomes, so we stratified by age; below 60 years (n=1503) and above 60 years (n=2034). Increased PWV had a trend with increased risk of all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio for the 4th vs 1st quartile of PWV of 2.1 (95%CI: 1.0-4.6, p=0.05) independent of risk factors in age below 60 years group. There was no significant association of PWV with incident CVD in age below 60 years after adjustment for risk factors. In age above 60 years group, increased PWV was not associated with either all-cause mortality or incident CVD events in univariate or multivariate analysis (Table). Conclusion: Arch PWV assessed by MRI is not a significant predictor of all-cause mortality and incident CVD events among individuals without overt CVD.
Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine.
Authors: David L. Sackett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

I might have guessed that a book dedicated to H.L. Mencken, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Douglas Adams, and the Emperor's New Clothes would be fun to read. It was! Readers will sense the authors' enthusiasm for their subject on each page, from the preface to the final chapter. The authors prepared this book for users rather than doers of clinical research. Physicians and others who wish to recognize key clinical epidemiologic features of the diagnosis and management of patients will benefit from reading Clinical Epidemiology. Those who wish to conduct actual research studies will need to look elsewhere for a detailed discussion of clinical epidemiologic methodology. In this review, I will mention
Characterization of 1577 Primary Prostate Cancers Reveals Novel Biological and Clinicopathologic Insights into Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Scott A. Tomlins, Mohammed Alshalalfa, Elai Davicioni, Nicholas Erho, Kasra Yousefi, Shuang Zhao, Zaid Haddad, Robert B. Den, Adam P. Dicker, Bruce J. Trock, Angelo M. DeMarzo, Ashley E. Ross, Edward M. Schaeffer, Eric A. Klein, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Robert B. Jenkins, Felix Y. Feng
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Abstract P248: Measures of Overall and Central Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among US Hispanic / Latino Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Qibin Qi, Garrett Strizich, David Hanna, Rebeca A Espinoza-Giacinto, Sheila F Castañeda, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Amber Pirzada, Maria M Llabre, Neil Schneiderman, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Robert C Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: US Hispanics/Latinos have a high prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities. Few studies have compared different obesity measures and their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in US Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: We examined associations of six obesity measures (body mass index [BMI], fat mass index, and body fat percentage, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio) with metabolic traits and CVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes), among 9835 women and 6580 men from the HCHS/SOL, a population-based cohort of Hispanics/Latinos age 18-74 years from four US cities. Results: BMI was moderately correlated with WHR (r=0.37 in women; r=0.58 in men) and highly correlated with other obesity measures (r≥0.88 in women; r≥0.87 in men). The metabolic trait correlating most strongly with obesity measures was HOMA-IR (r≥0.34 in women; r≥0.45 in men), followed by triglycerides (r≥0.27 in women; r≥0.29 in men) and HDL-cholesterol...
Breathing Capacity and Grip Strength of Preschool Children
Authors: Eleanor Metheny
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is there a link between long-term endothelial receptor antagonists therapy and carcinogenesis in PAH: A case series?
Authors: Hammad Qureshi, Zeenat Safdar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: Endothelial receptor antagonists (ETRAs) are commonly used agents in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Data suggest a carcinogenetic potential of ETRA in animals treated with long-term high dose ETRA. However, there is no such reported data on patients exposed to long-term ETRA therapy. We report our novel data in five PAH patients who developed cancer while on an ETRA.

Material and methods: Retrospective chart review conducted at Baylor College of Medicine from 01/2005 to 12/2010 identified 5 patients who developed cancer while on an ETRA. Demographic data, NYHA/WHO functional class, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), type of cancer, echocardiogram, and survival data was collected.

Results: Mean age was 55.4±8.6 years (Mean±SD). All were female and duration of PAH was 6.80±1.92 years. Mean duration of ETRA therapy was 4.6±0.89 years. Four patients had idiopathic PAH and one patient had connective tissue disease associated PAH. At the time of cancer diagnosis, BNP levels were 123.74±65.3 pg/ml, 6MWD was 390.25±75.3 meters, right ventricular systolic pressure was 83±21.4 mm Hg, RAP was 11±2.23 mm Hg and CO was 4.12±.45 L/min. Follow-up duration after cancer diagnosis was 0.74±1.6 years. One patient developed bronchoalveolar lung cancer, two patients had infiltrating ductal cancer, one had malignant melanoma and one had multiple myeloma. One patient had died while the other four patients are alive at the time of last follow-up.

Conclusion: Carcinogenetic potential of ETRA should be considered in PAH patients who are on long-term ETRA therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Abstract P383: Relationship of Body Mass Index With Total Mortality, Cardiac Mortality and Risk of Hospitalization in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Abhishek Sharma, Carl J Lavie, Jeffrey S Borer, Ajay Vallakati, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Debabrata Mukherjee Mukherjee, Edgar Lichstein
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: To investigate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with total mortality, cardiac mortality and risk of hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). Methods: A systematic search of studies published between 1966 to January 31, 2014 was conducted using Pub Med, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and the Web of Science databases. Studies reporting rate of total mortality, cardiac mortality and risk of hospitalization in patients with HF in various BMI categories [&lt;20 kg/m2 (low); 20-24.9 kg/m2 (normal reference); 25-29.9 kg/m2 (overweight); 30-34.9 kg/m2 (obese); &gt;=35 kg/m2 (severely obese)] were identified. Event rates were compared using a forest plot of relative risk using a random effects model assuming inter-study heterogeneity. Results: Two study authors independently reviewed the 124 articles and identified 6 for final analyses (N=22807). After mean follow up of 2.85 years, the risk of total mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and of hospitalization was highest among patients with low BMI (RR 1.27 [95% CI 1.17 - 1.37]; 1.20 [95% CI 1.01 -1.43]; 1.19 [95% CI 1.09 - 1.30] respectively). Risk of cardiac mortality and hospitalization was lowest in overweight patients (RR0.79 [95% CI 0.70-0.90] and 0.92 [95% CI 0.86-0.97] respectively). Increasing degree of obesity failed to achieve a statistically significant effect on CV mortality (0.82 [0.64-1.05] and 0.71 [0.50-1.01] for obese and severely obese, respectively) and on hospitalization (0.99 [0.92-1.07] and 1.28 [0.88-1.87] for obese and severely obese, respectively) Conclusion: Risk of total mortality, cardiac mortality and hospitalization was highest among chronic HF patients who were underweight as defined by low BMI, whereas risk of cardiac mortality and hospitalization was lowest in the overweight. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate this association and apparent “overweight paradox” and explore potential underlying mechanisms for this association.
THE USE OF THE ANTICOAGULANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: I S WRIGHT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

ExcerptTHE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISMThe first group of diseases to be attacked by means of anticoagulant therapy was quite logically those loosely classified under the broad term of thrombophlebitis, which includes so-called "phlebothrombosis." That this attack has been remarkably successful, though not without some difficulties, is clearly demonstrated by the experiences reported from many workers in this country and abroad.The significance of this problem is established by the figures compiled by Jorpes from large clinics in widely scattered portions of the world (table 1) (quoted from Zilliacus1).Thus it is clearly shown that among...
Randomized controlled trials: what are they and who needs them?
Authors: Bruce L. Pihlstrom, Alice E. Curran, Helen T. Voelker, Albert Kingman
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2012)

Abstract Dentistry is rapidly entering a new era of evidence‐based practice, and society is demanding prevention and treatment that has been proven to be effective in terms of meaningful health outcomes. Practitioners, individual patients and the public need randomized controlled trials because they provide the highest level of scientific evidence to change clinical practice and inform public health policy. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials are conceptually simple but deceptively complex to design, implement and translate into clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials are fundamentally different from observational clinical research because they randomly assign volunteers to receive test or control interventions, they are prospective and the success of the test intervention is based on a meaningful clinical outcome that is specified before the trial begins. To be successful, randomized controlled trials must be carefully designed and powered to answer a specific question that will be generalizable to the population under study. Randomized controlled trials can be designed to evaluate efficacy, effectiveness, superiority, equivalence or noninferiority. Prominent issues and challenges in designing and conducting randomized controlled trials include carefully defining enrollment criteria, establishing an organizational infrastructure, use of a data‐coordinating center, developing a manual of procedures, obtaining informed consent, recruiting and ensuring the safety of volunteer subjects, ensuring data quality, analysis and publication of trial outcomes, and translating results into clinical practice.
Abstract 16263: Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Myocardial Bridging
Authors: Suraj Sunder, Kalkidan Bishu, Todd Miller, Nandan Anavekar
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The physiologic relevance of myocardial bridging (MB) that is found on invasive (ICA) and CT coronary angiography (CTA) is not known. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) may be useful in objectively assessing altered myocardial blood flow associated with MB. We studied the prevalence of ischemia on MPI and mortality among patients with MB. Methods: Patients with MPI studies within 6 months of MB identified on ICAs (2002-2014) or CTAs (2005-2014) at the Mayo Clinic were retrospectively studied. Exclusion criteria included a history of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass grafting and hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD, coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50%) were excluded. Results: 1116 individuals had MB on ICA out of which 300 had MPI studies. 511 individuals had MB on CTA out of which 63 had MPI studies. After excluding patients with CAD, 114 patients with MB identified on ICA and 31 patients with MB identified on CTA remained for analysis. Patients in the ICA and CTA cohort were the same age (60±13 years for ICA vs 60±12 years for CTA cohort, p=0.9). The ICA cohort was likely to include smokers (47 vs 26%, p=0.03) and those with hyperlipidemia (67 vs 45%, p=0.03). The prevalence of ischemia on MPI was similar in the ICA and CTA cohorts (42 vs. 44%, p=0.5). After a median follow-up of 1166 days, the ICA cohort had 12 patient deaths (8%). There was no death in the CTA cohort. The presence of ischemia on MPI was not associated with increased mortality on long-term follow-up (Log Rank p=0.9). Conclusions: Ischemia on MPI is commonly found in patients with MB who do not have significant CAD. While patients with MB identified on ICA are more likely to have traditional CAD risk factors, the prevalence of ischemia on MPI was similar when compared to patients with MB on CTA. In this small retrospective study, ischemia identified on MPI was not associated with increased mortality.