tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Large synovial sarcoma complicating pregnancy
Authors: Amir Khoja, Chintankumar Patel, Dhiraj Jain
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Primary pulmonary synovial cell sarcomas are rare, consisting less than 0.5% of all pulmonary malignancies[1]. They may arise from the parenchyma, tracheobronchial tree, or pulmonary artery and are now designated as mesenchymal tumors in the WHO classification. Clinical and imaging investigation is necessary to exclude alternative primary sources, while a definitive diagnosis requires detailed immunohistochemical staining (cytokeratins, vimentin, S100, CD20, CD99, Bcl-2 and other markers). A balanced chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), is found in the majority of synovial sarcomas resulting in a chemeric transcript, SYT-SSX, the role of which is so far unclear. Surgical excision with clear margins and possibly adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is the currently accepted treatment. We present here a case of 23 year young female at 28 weeks of gestation with a large mass in her left hemithorax. On presentation she had fever, cough and dysponea.on examination she had dull note and decreased breath sounds on left hemithorax. CXR was not due to avoid radiation. USG revealed a large mass with minimal pleural effusion. Biopsy was taken which was inconclusive. So in a diagnostic dilemma a CT guided biopsy was taken with all the precaution to avoid radiation which showed synovial cell sarcoma on histopathological examination. Pregnancy was carried till 32 weeks and baby delivered by cesearian section to avoid complication. She was advised surgical resection and put chemo-radiotherapy.
How to quantify skin impairment in primary and secondary prevention? HEROS: a proposal of a hand eczema score for occupational screenings
Authors: W. Weistenhöfer, T. Baumeister, H. Drexler, B. Kütting
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Skin scoring systems have to meet specific demands depending on their particular settings and indications, e.g. occupational screenings vs. clinical examinations, evaluating progress of treatment or supervision of preventive strategies. Until now, most scoring systems have been developed for severe cases of hand eczema. A validated quantitative scoring system for early hand eczema is still missing.The present cross-sectional study was aimed at assessing the practical value of a quantitative hand eczema score for occupational screenings (HEROS) at the workplace and its potential for identifying individuals at increased risk of work-related skin disease.Both hands of 800 male metal workers were examined for characteristic morphological patterns of hand dermatitis and quantified with HEROS. The score was validated by testing inter- and intraobserver reliability in random samples. Results of validation were compared with three already validated skin scores for distinct hand eczema (Osnabrück hand eczema severity index, hand eczema severity index, Manuscore).The score values ranged from 0 to 82 (theoretical maximum 2260), reflecting the skin condition of healthy, fit-for-work subjects. Inter- and intraobserver reliability was good to excellent. Results for reliability of the HEROS were in line with all three validated scores for hand eczema. The predictive value for identifying persons at increased risk for developing hand eczema was low.The HEROS seems to be an adequate tool for observer near-independent assessment of early hand eczema, especially for quantifying minimal skin impairment. Therefore, we propose the implementation of this scoring system for quantifying early hand dermatitis in occupational screenings.
Culture-independent real-time PCR reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in Kolkata, India
Authors: A. Sinha, S. SenGupta, S. Guin, S. Dutta, S. Ghosh, P. Mukherjee, A.K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Ramamurthy, Y. Takeda, T. Kurakawa, K. Nomoto, G.B. Nair, R.K. Nandy
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)

Culture-independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR-Green-based real-time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture-dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had a single pathogen and the remaining nine (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Re-analysis of the 68 specimens by culture-independent real-time PCR methods showed that 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen and 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infections with multiple pathogens. The prevalence of such high levels of polymicrobial infections would not have been detected without using real-time PCR. Culture-dependent analysis assigned 54 of the 122 selected archived specimens as 'no known aetiology'. However, re-analysis of these samples by real-time PCR showed the presence of single or multiple pathogens among 34 (63%) of these specimens. Estimation of relative pathogen load by real-time PCR in the stool specimens indicated that the inability of conventional culture-dependent methods to detect the pathogens was related to lower colony-forming units of the pathogen, as reflected by lower Ct values. Detection of high levels of polymicrobial infection by real-time PCR indicates that in the settings like Kolkata and its surroundings, where cholera and other enteric diseases are endemic, the concept of one pathogen one disease might need to be re-evaluated.
Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques
Authors: R Keith Reeves, Haiying Li, Stephanie Jost, Eryn Blass, Hualin Li, Jamie L Schafer, Valerie Varner, Cordelia Manickam, Leila Eslamizar, Marcus Altfeld, Ulrich H von Andrian, Dan H Barouch
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Rapid evolution of goat and sheep globin genes following gene duplication.
Authors: W H Li, T Gojobori
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1984)

Statistical analyses of DNA sequences of globin genes (beta A, beta C, and gamma) from goat and sheep (including new sequence information for the second intron of sheep beta A and gamma, kindly provided by A. Davis and A. W. Nienhuis) indicate that the rates of nonsynonymous substitution in these genes have been greatly accelerated following the gene duplication separating gamma and the ancestor of beta A and beta C and the gene duplication separating beta A and beta C. In both cases the acceleration was apparently due to relaxation of purifying selection (functional constraints) rather than advantageous mutations because acceleration occurred only in less important parts of the beta globin chain. The rates of nonsynonymous substitution in these genes are estimated to be about 2.3 x 10(-9) per site per year, which is three times higher than that for the divergence between human beta and mouse beta major globin genes. Our analyses further suggest that the rate of synonymous substitution in functional genes and the rate of substitution in pseudogenes are approximately equal and are between 2.8 x 10(-9) and 5.0 x 10(-9) and that the rate of substitution in introns is about 3.0 x 10(-9). The divergence time between beta A and beta C and that between gamma and the beta A-beta C pair are about 12 and 30 million years, respectively. The proportion of transition mutations is estimated to be 64%, two times higher than expected under random mutation but considerably lower than the 96% estimated for animal mitochondrial DNA.
Unknown primary tumors metastatic to liver.
Authors: J P Ayoub, K R Hess, M C Abbruzzese, R Lenzi, M N Raber, J L Abbruzzese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to identify prognostic factors for unknown primary tumor (UPT) patients with hepatic metastases, determine the common primary tumors identified, assess the yield of specific diagnostic studies, and evaluate the impact of therapy on survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 1,522 patients analyzed were referred from January 1, 1987 through June 30, 1995. Clinical data from these patients were entered into a computerized database for storage, retrieval, and analysis. Survival was measured from the time of diagnosis; survival distribution was estimated by the product limit method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed by proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Five hundred UPT patients had liver metastases. Primary tumors, usually lung, colorectal, or pancreatic neoplasms, were identified in 135 patients (27%). The remaining 365 unknown primary carcinoma (UPC) patients with liver involvement had a higher death rate than those without liver involvement (hazards ratio, 1.63; P &lt; .0001). Neuroendocrine carcinoma patients had a lower death rate than patients without this histology (hazards ratio, 0.29; (P &lt; .0001). Two hundred sixteen of 365 patients with UPC and liver metastases received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-treated patients had a lower death rate than those who were not treated with chemotherapy (hazards ratio, 0.52; P &lt; .0001). The effect of chemotherapy was most pronounced in patients with adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Hepatic metastases in UPC patients portend a generally poor prognosis. However, subsets of patients with more favorable outcomes can be identified by available clinical and pathologic data. Chemotherapy may be beneficial for the large subset of UPC patients with adenocarcinoma that involves the liver.
Stability of Nitrosamines in Samples of Lake Water, Soil, and Sewage&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R L Tate, M Alexander
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Stability of Nitrosamines in Samples of Lake Water, Soil, and Sewage Get access Robert L. Tate, III, Robert L. Tate, III Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Alexander Martin Alexander Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 2, February 1975, Pages 327–330, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.2.327 Published: 01 February 1975 Article history Received: 30 August 1974 Accepted: 11 October 1974 Published: 01 February 1975
Clinical-morphological changes in bronchial mucous membrane according to the III-IV COPD stages
Authors: Igor Ivakh, Olena Myronenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  To estimate the deepness, intensity and reversibility of structural changes in bronchial walls in III-IV COPD stg with immunomorphological method using.   Study disign:  42 pts (mean age 59±1.7 years) with COPD: I gr.- 30 pts with III stg (20 male), II gr.- 12 pts with IV stg (9 male). Bronchoscopy with consequent histology sampling and assessing by microscopy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) research was done for all pts. The following indexes were evaluated: Ki-67 (reflect proliferative potential and activity of epithelial regeneration); Cytokeratins 8 (Ctk) (as a marker of glandular epithelium); Ctk 34βE12 (squamous epithelium origin).   Results:   In Gr I all pts had been demonstrated intensive positive membrane reactions with Ctk 8 in uninjurious ciliary9s and basal epithelial cells and heterogeneous positive membrane reactions with Ctk 34βE12. The simultaneous co-expression of both types of cytokeratins indicates the reversibility of metaplasia.Histological investigation: hypertrophy of smooth muscles, polipoid overgrowthing of mucous, proliferation of fibroblasts.  In Gr II took place focal positive membrane reaction with Ctk 8 in residual glandular cells, and intensive expression of Ctk 34βE12 without co-expression of both markers.   Conclusion:  1. Pts with COPD III had been estimated changes with high reversibility, but with provided exclusion trigger agents and relevant therapy, in comparison with COPD, stage IV. 2. Pts with COPD, stage IV, the atrophy and sclerosis predominated. Immunomorphological data indicates about regenerative depletion and permanent irreversible changes of bronchial tree.
Acute bronchoconstriction is not a stimulus for sympatho-adrenal activation in asthmatic or healthy subjects
Authors: K Larsson, P Hjemdahl, E Theodorsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Bronchoconstriction has been found to cause little sympathoadrenal activation in asthmatic patients. It has been questioned whether this is due to blunted sympatho-adrenal reactivity in asthmatics or if bronchoconstriction is a stimulus for sympatho-adrenal activation at all. We therefore compared sympatho-adrenal responses in eight asthmatic patients and 12 healthy subjects by measurements of plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations before, during and after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Significant bronchoconstriction was obtained in eight of the healthy subjects and in all of the asthmatics. Considerably higher concentrations of methacholine were required to evoke bronchoconstriction in the healthy subjects but the relative magnitudes of bronchoconstriction were similar in the two groups: peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by approximately 24 and approximately 28% and specific airway conductance (sGaw) decreased by approximately 68 and approximately 70% in asthmatics and controls, respectively). Methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction did not alter plasma catecholamine levels significantly in either group. In addition, plasma concentrations of catecholamines and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) were measured before and during bronchoconstriction induced by histamine or allergen in 8 and 5 asthmatic subjects, respectively. Plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and NPY-LI remained unchanged up to 30 min after bronchoconstriction induced by histamine or allergen. We, therefore, conclude that bronchoconstriction is not a stimulus for sympatho-adrenal activation and that the lack of an adrenaline response to bronchoconstriction is not likely to be related to NPY release.
Predictors of outcome for patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring NIV
Authors: Vittoria Conti, Gregorino Paone, Corrado Mollica, Alfredo Sebastiani, Patrizio Palermo, Alice Mannocci, Giuseppe La Torre, Claudio Terzano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background.  NIV has been successfully applied in patients with COPD and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (ARF), with a lower rate of complications compared to IMV. Not to identify patients who are likely to fail NIV can cause inappropriate delay in intubation, with increased morbidity and mortality.   Aims and objectives.  This study aims to determine predictors of NIV failure in this subtype of patients.   Methods.  We retrospectively evaluated COPD patients with ARF, undergoing NIV for at least 12h.  To analyze the effect on the outcome (NIV failure leading to IMV or death), univariable and multivariable analyses were performed on the following parameters: age, gender, APACHE II and GCS scores, gas exchange at admission, during NIV and at discharge/death, length of stay.  ROC curves for pH START and APACHE II were also performed.   Results.  201 individuals were enrolled; NIV failure was observed in 50 patients. At the univariate analysis NIV was successful in patients with: lower APACHE II score (20.02±4.81 vs 24.84±6.35, p 20.5).   Conclusions.  Our findings confirmed NIV effectiveness in COPD patients ARF; moreover APACHE II score, besides arterial pH, may be a useful parameter in predicting NIV failure.
Chemotherapy of Leukemia in Mice, Rats, and Humans Relating Time of Humoral Stimulation, Tumor Growth, and Clinical Response&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Philip J. Burke, Judith E. Karp, William P. Vaughan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Studies were conducted in the leukemic mouse and rat to test the hypothesis that enhanced effects of drugs given in sequence relate to a predictable increase in tumor growth and sensitivity to cycle-active agents. The rationale is based on a) evidence that, following drug-induced aplasia, resultant bone marrow proliferation in vivo corresponds temporally with induced humoral stimulatory activity, and on b) models that demonstrate increased cytotoxicity of beta-cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to myeloblasts cultured in humoral stimulatory activity (HSA). CD2F1 mice bearing L-1210 leukemia received a course of 60 mg Ara-C/kg every 8th hour (q.8 h) three times on day 0 and on another day in sequence (0,1 through 0,7). The longest survival (250% of controls) was in animals whose second course began on day 3, the time of peak HSA as measured by DNA synthesis induced in L-1210 cells in culture. LBN rats bearing acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) were treated with 100 mg Ara-C/kg q.8 h six times beginning on day 0 and on other days in sequence (0,1 through 0,12). The longest survival was in those treated on day 0,6 (760% of controls), the time of peak serum stimulation, and tumor labeling index (LI). Thirty-seven patients with AML received a single course of therapy with 45 mg Ara-C/kg by a 72-hour infusion and 1.0 mg daunorubicin/kg every day three times. On day 8, the time of peak HSA and tumor LI, Ara-C was again infused. Complete remission was achieved in 56% (65% of all patients less than 60 yr old) with a single cycle of therapy. Median duration of chemotherapy-free remission was 10 months. Of 11 relapsing patients, 8 achieved a second remission with the same regimen. These studies demonstrated that the amount of proliferation of residual tumor and thereby sensitivity to cycle-active drugs given in sequence relates to the initial drug effect on tumor proliferation and the induction of humoral stimulation.
Lack of type II cells and emphysema in human lungs
Authors: CJ Otto-Verberne, AA Ten Have-Opbroek, LN Willems, C Franken, JA Kramps, JH Dijkman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

Ten surgically removed human lungs or lobes were studied, to assess the relationship between the abundance of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the degree of emphysema. Type II cell abundance (total number as well as percentage of the total parenchymal cell population) was determined in sections of randomly selected tissue samples of these lungs or lobes by using a type II cell specific antibody specific anti-lavage serum (SALS-Hu), which recognizes surfactant-associated proteins. In these tissue samples we also determined the degree of emphysema with the aid of a number of morphometric parameters, destructive index (DI), mean linear intercept (Lm in mm), and the number of normal alveolar attachments on (pre)terminal bronchioles (normal AA.mm.1). We subsequently calculated the Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) between the abundance of type II cells and parameters for emphysema. We found a significant negative correlation between the percentage of type II cells and DI at tissue sample level (rs = 0.55; p = 0.02). We also calculated correlation coefficients between the abundance of type II cells and the degree of small airways disease in (pre)terminal and respiratory bronchioles (SADscore), lung function, age and smoking habits. The results suggest a role for type II cells in the pathogenesis of emphysema.
Recurrent aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex in a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: None Saijo, None Suzutani, None Murono, None Hirano, None Itoh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A boy with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome suffered from thymidine kinase (TK)‐altered and aciclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) skin infections. He presented with severe herpes simplex around the left eye in March 1993 at the age of 8 years. HSV‐1 strain TAS was isolated and was shown to be susceptible to aciclovir (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.23 μg/mL). He was treated with intravenous (i.v.) high dose aciclovir, 2 mg/kg per h, which produced an improvement. About 1 year later (May 1994), a severe herpes simplex infection appeared on his face, arm, genitalia, back and foot. Treatment with i.v. aciclovir, 2 mg/kg per h, was initiated, but the skin lesions did not improve. HSV‐1 strain TAR was isolated and was shown to be resistant to aciclovir (IC50 36 μg/mL). HSV‐1 TAR and TAS were susceptible to vidarabine (IC50 4.4 and 2.9 μg/mL, respectively). The skin lesions were treated with i.v. vidarabine, 15–20 mg/kg per day, and healed satisfactorily. However, in March 1995, the patient again experienced a severe herpes simplex infection around the left eye. HSV‐1 strain R95 was isolated and was shown to be resistant to aciclovir (IC50 36 μg/mL). Diminished sensitivity of HSV‐1 TAR and R95 to aciclovir was associated with reduced viral TK activity and loss of aciclovir phosphorylation activity.
Does using the largest measured vital capacity in PFT intepretation help categorize patients out of the nonspecific pattern
Authors: Denitza Blagev, Matthew Hegewald, Dean Sorenson, Olinto Linares-Perdomo, Stephen Howe, Alan Morris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  The nonspecific pattern (NSP), normal FEV1/FVC ratio, reduced FEV1 and FVC but normal TLCpleth, is associated with obesity and airway hyperreactivity (Hyatt et al. Chest 2009). How often the nonspecific pattern is recategorized when using the largest measured vital capacity (VCmax) remains unknown.  Objective  To compare how the PFT interpretation of nonspecific pattern changes when the is used VCmax is used.  Methods  We analyzed 12,239 PFTs from consecutive visits as part of routine clinical care from Intermountain Medical Center and LDS Hospital between 2001 and 2012. We used our validated decision support tool for PFT interpretation, ePFT, to interpret all tests using two different schemes: once using FEV1/FVC and again using FEV1 and the largest measured vital capacity, VCmax, from any test, including post-bronchodilator trials.  Results  366 of the 12,239 PFTs (3%) showed the nonspecfiic pattern. When the FEV1/VCmax ratio was used 94 tests (26%) were recategorized. The majority of recategorized tests (72 of 94, 77%) were reclassified as obstruction. The rest, (22 of 94, 23%) were reclassified as normal variant.  Conclusions  When the largest measured vital capacity (VCmax) is used in the FEV1/VC ratio determining obstruction, 26% of PFTs with the nonspecific pattern are reclassified into obstruction or a normal variant. Given that the NSP is associated with airway hyperreactivity, re-examining PFTs with the nonspecific pattern using the largest measured vital capacity (including post-bronchodilator vital capacities), may be helpful in diagnosing airway hyperreactivity and obstruction.