tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-04-06: A Functional Investigation of MAL: A Frequently Hypermethylated Gene Marker in Breast Cancer
Authors: YMN Hillocks, P-K Lo, WW Teo, MJ Fackler, S. Sukumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes is a common event in cancer, and is an important mechanism in inactivating tumor suppressor gene function in breast cancer. Computational searches of existing large databases for genes underexpressed in multiple cancers, combined with CpG island analysis of those genes, identified a novel potential methylation marker gene in breast cancer called MAL (Maturation-Associated protein for T-Lymphocyte). MAL encodes a 17kD protein that is found in mature T-cells and participates in T-cell differentiation and T-cell receptor signaling. Recent studies have reported gene promoter hypermethylation of MAL in breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, MAL inactivation has been shown to be predictive of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We proposed that alteration of MAL expression has functional implications in breast cancer. In addition, we proposed that MAL has the potential to serve as a methylation marker for early detection of breast cancer. MAL gene methylation as assessed in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors by quantitative multiplex methylation specific PCR (QM-MSP) showed that it is frequently methylated in cell lines (40/48; 83%), in primary tumors (11/22; 50%) and in distant metastasis (16/32; 50%), but not in normal breast tissues or human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). The high frequency of MAL methylation was common to all of the subtypes of breast cancer cells tested (Basal A, Basal B, and Luminal). Q-RT-PCR analysis of MAL expression and QM-MSP analysis of MAL methylation showed that 71% (20/28) of breast cancer cell lines show an inverse correlation between methylation and mRNA expression. This suggests that epigenetic alteration is the major mechanism of silencing since pharmacologic intervention with demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors resulted in re-expression of MAL in the breast cancer cell lines tested. MAL methylation is being assessed in a panel of 150 primary tumor samples with corresponding clinical data such as histological subtype, tumor grade and tumor specific survival. This will allow for correlations to be made between MAL methylation status and survival data etc. to see if MAL can serve as a predictive marker for breast cancer. This analysis will be useful in further validating MAL as a DNA methylation marker for breast cancer detection in tissue samples. The function of MAL is being deciphered at both the biological and biochemical level by performing overexpression and knockdown studies in breast cells using already constructed expression vectors. The characterization and validation of MAL, a lipid raft protein, as a potential DNA methylation marker in breast cancer could provide a valuable early detection tool for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-06.
TWO CASES OF TETANUS TREATED BY SUBDURAL INJECTIONS OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
Authors: O. Smithson
Journal: BMJ (1912)

lEAT-STROK -r X _D t theory, indicating, as they do, an instability of thei nervous system, It is curiou.-thatthe extent of the paralysis in both cases is almost identical--the same side affected,
Abstract 5761: An alternative isoform of the metastasis susceptibility gene Brd4 promotes EMT and metastatic progression
Authors: Jude Alsarraj, Renard C. Walker, Nigel P.S. Crawford, Joshua D. Webster, R. Mark Simpson, Keiko Ozato, Kent W. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent work from our laboratory has identified the bromodomain 4 (Brd4) as a suppressor of tumor progression and metastasis. Brd4 however has an alternatively spliced isoform that truncates the protein and substitutes a different 3′-UTR. Unlike the longer isoform, expression of the short isoform (ΔC) does not impair primary tumor growth of a highly metastatic mammary tumor cell line orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pad, although pulmonary metastasis is significantly reduced compared to control tumors. Unexpectedly, a dramatic enhancement of metastatic colonization is observed following injection of the cells directly into the circulation of mice. In vivo invasion of the cell line was not impaired by expression of the short isoform suggesting that the inability of the orthotopic tumors to metastasize was not due to the inability of the tumor cells to escape from the primary tumor. Consistent with the tail vein experiments, in vitro analyses demonstrate that ΔC-expressing cells exhibit a more malignant phenotype with an increased ability to grow in a three dimensional culture compared to control cells. Furthermore, ΔC-expressing cells are able to form tumorspheres in serum-free and non adherent conditions, suggesting a reversion to a more stem-like state. Microarray gene expression analysis demonstrates that ectopic expression of ΔC modulates the expression of a subset of EMT markers and stem cell markers. Microarray analysis further shows that ectopic expression of ΔC induces a gene expression signature that predicts poor survival in multiple human breast cancer datasets. This expression signature nearly perfectly matches a molecular classifier of high-grade tumors. Taken together, these data suggest that the short isoform may be a metastasis-promoting molecule and that metastasis susceptibility mediated by Brd4 may be the result of a complex equilibrium between the metastasis-suppressing long isoform and the metastasis-promoting shorter isoform. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5761.
Open-Access Endoscopy: Are Age-Based Guidelines Justified? An Audit of Experience of 1000 Open-Access Endoscopies at a District General Hospital
Authors: J. R. Boulton-Jones, M. C. Follows, A. A. Mahmoud
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Open-access endoscopy has been developed to meet the increasing demand for endoscopy, and guidelines have been produced for selecting suitable patients. This study was designed to assess the appropriateness of these guidelines in patients referred to open-access endoscopy services at a district general hospital.A series of 1000 consecutive patients referred for open-access endoscopy was audited. The waiting time was 18 weeks and patients continued to take any acid-suppressing medication prescribed by their general practitioner. The endoscopy findings were compared in those who met and did not meet currently accepted guidelines. In addition the outcome for all patients in whom gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected was reviewed.301 patients (30.1 %) did not meet accepted guidelines for open-access endoscopy. No cases of malignancy would have been missed if the guidelines had been implemented. Gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected in 17 patients, all of whom died. When malignancy was excluded, there were no statistically significant differences between the detection rates for pathology in the two groups. The commonest finding, in 32.3 % of patients, was of a normal endoscopic appearance.If current guidelines are applied, all cases of malignancy may be picked up, but identification of patients with curable disease is poor. Use of the guidelines did not select patients with other upper gastrointestinal disease, although many patients were receiving acid-suppression therapy at the time of their endoscopy. Implementation of test-and-treat strategies would result in a significant reduction in the workload of open-access endoscopy.
The Social Value of Professional Accreditation
Authors: Frank G. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In speaking to this topic, it would be simple and perhaps expedient to say that accreditation in a professional field has social value because it serves to protect society. It ostensibly protects society from mediocrity in the education process, and it protects students from being hoodwinked or fleeced. Accreditation protects the profession itself from being downgraded by the entry of ill-prepared practitioners. All of these things are part and parcel of the whole concept of accreditation, but to understand fully the social value of professional accreditation, one must place the concept within the matrix of our national background and also within the context of today's problems. One of the fundamental and basic traditions of this nation has been the freedom of higher education from political interference and dictation. Largely because of this tradition of freedom of education, accreditation by nongovernmental agencies has developed in the United States. This situation is
New Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care
Authors: Karl B. Kern, Henry R. Halperin, John Field
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia in a Man with Ambiguous Genitalia, 45,X/46,XY Mosaic Karyotype, and Y Chromosome Microdeletions
Authors: Athanasios D. Papanikolaou, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Chariklia Giannouli, Christina Gounioti, John N. Bontis, John Papadimas
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2003)
1130-223 Utility of adenosine in differentiation of patients with rigth ventricular outflow tract tachycardia and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Authors: Sei Iwai, Kenneth M Stein, Steven M Markowitz, Suneet Mittal, Amit B Guttigoli, Bindi K Shah, Ravi K Yarlagadda, Bruce B Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
799-2 Left Ventricular (LV) and Myocyte Electrophysiology with the Development of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM); Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor (AT 1 AT-II) Blockade
Authors: William S. McMahon, Rupak Mukherjee, Henry H. Holzgrefe, David S. Buckles, Paul C. Gillette, James R. Powell, William H. Koster, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
She's bleeding again
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Obstetric haemorrhage is frightening, at least for the obstetrician. The woman's partner, however, views it calmly through his video camera. He knows there is always a lot of blood. When the norm is exceeded it is the professionals who sweat.

Life threatening haemorrhage occurs after one in a thousand births, so each NHS obstetrician should see a case every year or two. Not so. The play of chance means that in each hospital one consultant sees …
Profiles of Global Gene Expression in Ionizing-Radiation–Damaged Human Diploid Fibroblasts Reveal Synchronization behind the G <sub>1</sub> Checkpoint in a G <sub>0</sub> -like State of Quiescence
Authors: Tong Zhou, Jeff W. Chou, Dennis A. Simpson, Yingchun Zhou, Thomas E. Mullen, Margarida Medeiros, Pierre R. Bushel, Richard S. Paules, Xuebin Yang, Patrick Hurban, Edward K. Lobenhofer, William K. Kaufmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Cell cycle arrest and stereotypic transcriptional responses to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) were quantified in telomerase-expressing human diploid fibroblasts. Analysis of cytotoxicity demonstrated that 1.5 Gy IR inactivated colony formation by 40-45% in three fibroblast lines; this dose was used in all subsequent analyses. Fibroblasts exhibited > 90% arrest of progression from G2 to M at 2 hr post-IR and a similarly severe arrest of progression from G1 to S at 6 and 12 hr post-IR. Normal rates of DNA synthesis and mitosis 6 and 12 hr post-IR caused the S and M compartments to empty by > 70% at 24 hr. Global gene expression was analyzed in IR-treated cells. A microarray analysis algorithm, EPIG, identified nine IR-responsive patterns of gene expression that were common to the three fibroblast lines, including a dominant p53-dependent G1 checkpoint response. Many p53 target genes, such as CDKN1A, GADD45, BTG2, and PLK3, were significantly up-regulated at 2 hr post-IR. Many genes whose expression is regulated by E2F family transcription factors, including CDK2, CCNE1, CDC6, CDC2, MCM2, were significantly down-regulated at 24 hr post-IR. Numerous genes that participate in DNA metabolism were also markedly repressed in arrested fibroblasts apparently as a result of cell synchronization behind the G1 checkpoint. However, cluster and principal component analyses of gene expression revealed a profile 24 hr post-IR with similarity to that of G0 growth quiescence. The results reveal a highly stereotypic pattern of response to IR in human diploid fibroblasts that reflects primarily synchronization behind the G1 checkpoint but with prominent induction of additional markers of G0 quiescence such as GAS1.
UTILITY OF ANIMAL BLOOD IN PREPARATION OF PLASMA FOR TRANSFUSION
Authors: Ancel Keys
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  The possible utility of solutions of albumin prepared from the blood of domestic animals as a substitute for blood has been mentioned recently by Cohn ( Chem. Rev.  28 :395, 1941). Cohn has not indicated any results of biologic trials and states that study will be needed to see whether such albumins will, in fact, remain in the blood stream and attract or hold water there by virtue of their colloid osmotic pressure. In view of the potential wartime importance of such preparations, we wish to offer some pertinent information on this and other points from studies extending over the past four years in the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene of the University of Minnesota.  We have prepared serum, plasma and plasma albumins and globulins under sterile conditions by precipitation methods with ammonium sulfate, phosphates and alcohols and by extraction methods with alcohols. The donor animals have included the
Performance-Enhancing Drugs, Fair Competition, and Olympic Sport
Authors: Don H. Catlin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Drug control has become an important component of Olympic sport. At the Atlanta Centennial Olympic Games, urine samples will be tested for prohibited substances, including stimulants, narcotics, anabolic agents, diuretics, peptides, and glycoprotein hormones as well as prohibited methods of enhancing performance, including blood doping and pharmacological, chemical, and physical manipulation of the urine. Drug testing programs must address short-acting stimulants, beta-blockers, and diuretics; training drugs such as anabolic steroids; and drugs affecting the detectability of other drugs. Programs include short- or no-notice testing during training periods, testing at qualifying competitions, and testing at the Olympic Games. Procedures and disposition that occur when a prohibited substance is found in an athlete competing in an Olympic sport are discussed. An analysis of the ethics of the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports and of drug control in terms of fair competition and the impact of enhancement technologies of the meaning of sports also is presented.
AN UNUSUALLY LARGE VESICAL CALCULUS
Authors: H. M. McCandliss
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Oct. 30, 1917, a man aged 31, entered the hospital complaining of great pain on urination, with pain over the bladder. The patient had been in this condition for over ten years, gradually getting worse. When he came to the hospital, he could not stand erect on account of the pain. The man was emaciated, and his face and body were covered with pit marks of old smallpox. A sound introduced into the urethra met at the neck of the bladder a solid, immovable body. This could be palpated 2 inches above the pubes. The urine showed an intense cystitis. An incision was made above the pubes almost to the urbilicus and the bladder, which was distended with boric acid solution and opened. A large irregular stone was disclosed which was found to be impacted. Efforts to dislodge it proved fruitless, and finally a hammer and chisel were used to
Direct evidence that ischemic preconditioning does not cause protein kinase C translocation in rabbit heart
Authors: B SIMKHOVICH, K PRZYKLENK, S HALE, M PATTERSON, R KLONER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: Indirect pharmacological evidence suggests that myocardial protection conferred by ischemic preconditioning in rabbit myocardium is mediated through the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC). To test this hypothesis, we performed direct biochemical measurements of subcellular distribution of PKC in rabbit hearts. Methods: Two protocols were utilized. In Protocol I the preconditioned group (PC) underwent two 5-min episodes of brief coronary artery occlusion each followed by 5 min of reperfusion, while the control group consisted of time-matched, sham-operated (non-ischemic) animals (SO). Tissue samples were homogenized and cytosolic and particulate fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation. In Protocol II one group of rabbits received ischemic preconditioning as in Protocol I followed by 10 min of sustained ischemia (PC + IS); a second control group was subjected to 10 min of sustained ischemia (IS); and the third group was time-matched, sham-operated (non-ischemic) animals (SO). Homogenized tissue samples were separated into cytosolic, nuclear and membrane fractions. Results: In Protocol I, no differences in the subcellular distribution of PKC between the SO and PC groups were observed. In Protocol II, when samples were obtained at 10 min of sustained ischemia, no changes in the subcellular distribution of PKC were observed between SO, IS and PC + IS groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that translocation of protein kinase C is not an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning in the rabbit ischemia model.
Should We Screen for Gestational Diabetes?
Authors: Neal Clemenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by Dr Naylor and colleagues<sup>1</sup>provides interesting information and will certainly add to the debate regarding the diagnosis and management of this entity. However, I would like to clarify a point in the article. The authors state that "North American guidelines recommend routine screening for GDM," and they cite references, but other authorities question this recommendation. Stephenson<sup>2</sup>has reviewed the topic and found insufficient evidence for routine screening. In 1986,<sup>3</sup>the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended selective screening, but in 1994,<sup>4</sup>they noted the absence of data to support screening and did not make a specific recommendation. Finally, the recently released guidelines from the United States Preventive Services Task Force<sup>5</sup>cite insufficient evidence for or against screening for GDM. Given the lack of evidence that screening for or treating GDM provides any real
Prosthetic endocarditis treated with ampicillin and gentamicin in a penicillin-hypersensitive patient.
Authors: I S Petheram, J M Boyce
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Colony inhibition by serum and amidopyrine (sera were ABO-compatible zwith the cell samples used.Patient's colonies (Mean of three culture of control plates SD) Patient's serum* 30 2-3 100 + 1 0 ,ug drug 10-3 +46 34 + 0 ug drug 10 0 +:4 5 34 Normal serum 12 3 -t46 100 + 1-0 ug drug 12 7 :305 102 + 10 gg drug 12 7 :-8 5 103 Cord blood colonies (Mean of three culture plates SD) Patient's serum* 18 12-6 100 ,, ,, + +10 ,ug drug 5-3 ±37 29 ,, ,,1 + 0lgg drug 5 -28 27 Normal serum 16 ±3 6 100 , + 1 0 gg drug 18 3 '63 114 + 10 ug drug 12 5 0t7 79 *Taken 12 months after the agranulocytic episode.adheres to and damages granulocytes at all stages of maturation.This process did not affect lymphocytes or erythrocytes.The mechanism of colony inhibition may be similar to that caused by antilymphocyte globulin.4A suppression of colony-forming cells by the drug-antibody complex would explain the 6-8 days interval between stopping ami- dopyrine ingestion and granulocyte recovery, but many factors may modify the effect in vivo.Colony inhibition could be a useful additional test in suspected amidopyrine sensitivity.
974-43 Influence of Resting Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on the Predictive Accuracy of DobutamlneStress Echocardlography
Authors: Michael C. Kontos, Kwame O. Akosah, Bethany L. Denlinger, John T. Funal, Pramod K. Mohanty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Pyogenic Infections of the Pubic Symphysis
Authors: WINSTON SEQUEIRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Four cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the pubic symphysis occurred in intravenous abusers of pentazocine hydrochloride and pyribenzamine. Symptoms included suprapubic pain when walking, bilateral inguinal pain, and pain caused by hip flexion and rotation. Cultures of material taken by joint aspiration and open biopsy yielded P. aeruginosa in three patients and P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and Corynebacterium in the fourth. All four responded to antibiotic treatment and open debridement but were lost to follow-up. Recent reports of P. aeruginosa arthritis in intravenous drug abusers are discussed. The concept of infective synchondritis as a distinct entity is suggested.