tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Extent of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Catheterization in New York State and Ontario
Authors: Dennis T. Ko, Jack V. Tu, Peter C. Austin, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Zaza Samadashvili, Helen Guo, Warren J. Cantor, Edward L. Hannan
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Prior studies have shown that physicians in New York State (New York) perform twice as many cardiac catheterizations per capita as those in Ontario for stable patients. However, the role of patient selection in these findings and their implications for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are largely unknown.To evaluate the extent of obstructive CAD and to compare the probability of detecting obstructive CAD for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.An observational study was conducted involving patients without a history of cardiac disease who underwent elective cardiac catheterization between October 1, 2008, and September 30, 2011. Obstructive CAD was defined as diameter stenosis of 50% or more in the left main coronary artery or stenosis of 70% or more in a major epicardial vessel.Observed rates and predicted probabilities of obstructive CAD. Predicted probabilities were estimated using logistic regression models.A total of 18,114 patients from New York and 54,933 from Ontario were included. The observed rate of obstructive CAD was significantly lower in New York at 30.4% (95% CI, 29.7%-31.0%) than in Ontario at 44.8% (95% CI, 44.4%-45.3%; P < .001). The percentage of patients with left main or 3-vessel CAD was also significantly lower in New York than in Ontario (7.0% [95% CI, 6.6%-7.3%] vs 13.0% [95% CI, 12.8%-13.3%]; P < .001). In New York, a substantially higher percentage of patients with low predicted probability of obstructive CAD underwent cardiac catheterization; for example, only 19.3% (95% CI, 18.7%-19.9%) of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in New York had a greater than 50% predicted probability of having obstructive CAD than those in Ontario at 41% (95% CI, 40.6%-41.4%; P < .001). At 30 days, crude mortality for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization was slightly higher in New York at 0.65% (90 of 13,824; 95% CI, 0.51%-0.78%) than in Ontario at 0.38% (153 of 40,794; 95% CI, 0.32%-0.43%; P < .001).In Ontario compared with New York State, patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization were significantly more likely to have obstructive CAD. This appears to be related to a higher percentage of patients in New York with low predicted probability of CAD undergoing cardiac catheterization.
Molecular identification of T cells that respond in a primary bulk culture to a peptide derived from a platelet glycoprotein implicated in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Authors: K Maslanka, M Yassai, J Gorski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia induced by the human platelet alloantigen 1a (HPA1a) is characterized by generation of alloantibodies by a mother who is homozygous for the HPA1b alloantigen and almost always HLA-DRB3*0101. The disease is viewed as B cell mediated but the linkage with HLA is indicative of a role for T cells. The HPA1a and HPA1b allotypes are defined, respectively, by Leu and Pro at amino acid 33 of the beta-chain of the platelet integrin GPIIbIIIa (alpha(IIb)beta3). Under the assumption that the same polymorphism may control both the B cell epitope and constitute the MHC-bound peptide, we restimulated PBMC from a woman with an affected child with a synthetic peptide from this polymorphic region. Molecular analysis of the responding T cell repertoire identified two T cells which predominated in cultures stimulated with the alloantigen peptide and which were absent in cultures with the autoantigen peptide. In spite of the use of different V families, sequence of the CDR3 region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain revealed the presence of a shared motif, L-P-S/T. Oligonucleotide probes specific for the CDR3 sequence indicated that these T cells were present in the PBMC at the highest levels immediately after delivery of the affected infant and their frequency dropped at later times.
Diazepam in the Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Martin Geller
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Thirty-eight epileptic children with a variety of seizure types were treated with diazepam (Valium) orally. The median duration of treatment was two years. Dosages ranged from 3 to 60 mg/day depending upon patient tolerance and seizure response, although the usual effective dose was 15 mg/day. Seizure suppression was good to excellent in 29 children. The best results were seen in those with petit mal and other minor seizures. Side effects were few and usually limited to drowsiness. Diazepam is a very safe and effective long-term anticonvulsant in some seizure disorders of childhood.
High-Risk Insurance Pools
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Only minority of doctors supported idea of state funded health service in 1945
Authors: T. Brewin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Macpherson has given a valuable account of how the NHS was finally launched 50 years ago after nearly three years of bitter negotiations, but at one point he tries too hard to be tactful about the attitude of most doctors at the time.1 It would be less than honest not to challenge his statement that …
Effects of neutrophil elastase and other proteases on porcine aortic endothelial prostaglandin I2 production, adenine nucleotide release, and responses to vasoactive agents.
Authors: E C LeRoy, A Ager, J L Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effects of neutrophil elastase on endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) production, nucleotide release, and responsiveness to vasoactive agents were compared with the effects of cathepsin G (the other major neutral protease of neutrophils), pancreatic elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thrombin. PGI2 production by pig aortic endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads and perfused in columns was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin G (1-100 micrograms/ml for 3 min). Thrombin, while active at low concentrations (0.1-10 National Institutes of Health U/ml), induced smaller responses. Neutrophil and pancreatic elastase had little or no effect on PGI2 production. Dose-dependent, selective release of adenine nucleotides was induced by neutrophil elastase (3-30 micrograms/ml). The other proteases were much less active; for example, trypsin (100 micrograms/ml) induced a response only approximately 5% as great as did 30 micrograms/ml neutrophil elastase. After exposure to 30 micrograms/ml neutrophil elastase, cells did not exhibit the characteristic burst of PGI2 production in response to extracellular ATP; responsiveness gradually returned after 40-120 min. This effect was not seen with the other proteases. Elastase partly inhibited responses to bradykinin and had no effect on PGI2 production that was stimulated by ionophore A23187. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity, as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase. Neutrophil degranulation can generate concentrations of elastase and cathepsin G comparable with those tested in the present study, and the effects of these enzymes on endothelial function lead us to suggest that they may play a role in vasoregulation and vascular pathology.
Somatic Mutations in the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Abrogate EGFR-Mediated Radioprotection in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Amit K. Das, Benjamin P. Chen, Michael D. Story, Mitsuo Sato, John D. Minna, David J. Chen, Chaitanya S. Nirodi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important determinant of radioresponse, whose elevated expression and activity frequently correlates with radioresistance in several cancers, including non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We reported recently that NSCLC cell lines harboring somatic, activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of the EGFR exhibit significant delays in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and poor clonogenic survival in response to radiation. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying mutant EGFR-associated radiosensitivity. In three representative NSCLC cell lines, we show that, unlike wild-type (WT) EGFR, receptors with common oncogenic TKD mutations, L858R or ΔE746-E750, are defective in radiation-induced translocation to the nucleus and fail to bind the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a key enzyme in the nonhomologous end-joining repair pathway. Moreover, despite the presence of WT EGFR, stable exogenous expression of either the L858R or the ΔE746-E750 mutant forms of EGFR in human bronchial epithelial cells significantly delays repair of ionizing radiation (IR)–induced DSBs, blocks the resolution of frank or microhomologous DNA ends, and abrogates IR-induced nuclear EGFR translocation or binding to DNA-PK catalytic subunit. Our study has identified a subset of naturally occurring EGFR mutations that lack a critical radioprotective function of EGFR, providing valuable insights on how the EGFR mediates cell survival in response to radiation in NSCLC cell lines. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5267–74]
Retained bile duct stones in a patient with Billroth II gastrectomy: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and papillary dilatation via T tube.
Authors: R Nitsche, U R Folsch
Journal: Gut (1991)

A postoperative T tube cholangiogram after cholecystectomy in a 62 year old patient showed two retained calculi of 14 mm diameter each. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was not possible because of previous Billroth II gastrectomy. The stones were disintegrated by electromagnetically generated extracorporeal shock waves. The T tube was replaced by a balloon catheter and the papilla of Vater was dilatated allowing passage of stone fragments. We conclude that retained bile duct stones can be removed without sphincterotomy or percutaneous extraction by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and papillary dilatation. This method should be considered especially in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy.
A Lecture ON A SERIES OF CASES IN WHICH COLLECTIONS OF STONES FORMED IN THE PROSTATIC URETHRA: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic
Authors: C. A. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1906)

GENTLEMEN,-AS it is uncommon to find collections of stones in the prostatic urethra I thought the records of the following three cases, which have been under my care, might be of interest to you.I wish to make it clear at once that I do not consider that they are cases of pro$tatic stones, that is, stones formed from the prostatic secretion within the gland; nor can we, I think, regard them as stones formed within the prostate, but of urinary origin.There is no evidence that they were formed within the prostate.The prostate seems to have disappeared from pressure, or at any rate to be so flattened out as to be unrecog- nizable, and the stones lay in the greatly dilated, and, in some cases, pouched,prostatic urethra.There can be little doubt that they are cases of urethral calculi, and an in- teresting question is, Were they formed entirely within the urethra, or did they come originally from the bladder or kidneys, and lie in the urethra, and grow there from accession of phosphatic deposit?And if they came from the kidneys, why did they lie in the prostatic urethra, rather than pass farther down the urethra, or even out of it altogether?And if they never came from the bladder or kidneys, but were formed entirely withinr the prostatic urethra, why were they so formed ?These are the questions which it seems to me we want to answer in our study of these cases; and it will be well, also, to note the symptoms and signs associated with this condi- tion, and to discuss briefly what can best be done to remove the stones, and to prevent their re-formation.To prevent their re-formation seems the great difficulty, at any rate in some cases.I will now give you an account of the three cases.CASE I.A. C., aged 35, was admitted to the Bristol General Hospital, under my care, as a case of stricture, on January 28th, 1901.The urine seemed to be constantly dribbling away, and he never had any stream.There was a history of difficulty with micturition extending over fifteen years, and that instruments had been passed fifteen years ago.There had never been actual retention at any
USE OF CHLOROFORM IN LABOR.
Authors: JNO. HERBERT CLAIBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, of American Medical Association, May, 1884. Since the introduction of chloroform by Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh, nearly forty years ago, the use of that anæsthetic has not proceeded<i>pari passu</i>in obstetrical practice, with its use in surgical or even in general practice. I think I am safe in stating that the majority of the profession resort to its use only in severe or complicated labor, or in cases calling for manual or for instrumental interference. From a study and record of more than two hundred cases of labor, mostly consecutive, in private practice, coming under my observation within the last few years, and in all of which chloroform was administered, I have derived the following conclusions: 1. The process of labor in all of its stages may be facilitated by the use of chloroform. 2. The duration of labor
Late Loss in Lumen Diameter and Binary Restenosis for Drug-Eluting Stent Comparison
Authors: Laura Mauri, E. John Orav, Richard E. Kuntz
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Published rates of coronary restenosis have fallen below 10% in drug-eluting stent trials. Early evaluations of new stents have used continuous end points that are presumed surrogates for restenosis, but the generalizability and power of such end points have not been examined systematically.We examined the relationship between incremental changes in observed late loss in lumen diameter and the probability of restenosis using reported late loss from 22 published trials of various types of stents (bare-metal, drug-eluting, and small-vessel stents). Next, the power of late loss differences was compared with that of corresponding binary restenosis rates. The relationship between mean late loss and its SD was linear and did not vary with stent type (drug-eluting or bare-metal) or vessel diameter. At all levels of late loss examined (0 to 1 mm), incremental changes were associated with increasing restenosis risk (with an increasing magnitude of effect at higher levels of late loss). The power to detect a treatment effect was greater for late loss than for binary angiographic restenosis (> or =32% relative increase in power, > or =24% absolute increase for late loss between 0.2 and 0.6 mm).Late loss is monotonically related to restenosis risk in published stent trials. It is a generalizable and powerful angiographic end point in early or small trials of new drug-eluting stents.
Evaluation of the Bronchodilating and Antiallergic Properties of a Beta-Adrenoceptor Stimulant, KWD 2131, in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Kjell‐Orvar Pegelow, Kjell Strandberg
Journal: Allergy (1980)

KWD 2131 (1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-(1,1dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl-amino/ethanol sulphate) is a beta-adrenoceptor stimulating compound that has been shown to be equipotent to terbutaline with regard to inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release from guinea pig lung tissue but less potent than terbutaline as a cardioaccelerator in this species. In the present study KWD 2131 was found to be about 5-10 times less potent than terbutaline as a cardioaccelerator, tremorogenic and bronchodilator agent on subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in man. S.c. injection of KWD 2131 in a subthreshold dose for bronchodilation, i.e. 0.3 mg or 0.6 mg, given prior to a bronchial provocation test with specific allergen had no protective effect on the changes in specific airway conductance and peak expiratory flow in a double-blind cross-over study in 12 patients with allergic asthma. It is concluded that KWD 2131 probably has a less selective antiallergic activity in man as compared to guinea pig and that the methodology employed for the evaluation is useful for the characterization of antiallergic drugs with bronchodilator properties.
Exocrine pancreatic nodules after longterm pancreaticobiliary diversion in rats. An effect of raised CCK plasma concentrations.
Authors: B M Miazza, S Widgren, J A Chayvialle, T Nicolet, E Loizeau
Journal: Gut (1987)

Surgical diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions to the mid small bowel has been shown to provoke increased CCK plasma concentration and growth of the pancreas in rats. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic pancreaticobiliary diversion on pancreatic morphology as well as the circulating concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, gastrin, and CCK. Fifteen month diversion provoked 73 and 86% increases in pancreatic weight and volume (p less than 0.001). Cholecystokinin blood concentration increased by 98%, from 20.9 +/- 5.7 pg/ml in controls to 41.3 +/- 5.4 after diversion (p less than 0.05), but pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, and gastrin levels were not affected. The volume of the exocrine pancreas doubled from 1104.6 +/- 78.2 mm3 in controls to 2201.2 +/- 229.2 (p less than 0.001), with a matching increase in interstitial tissue. On the contrary, the volume of the endocrine pancreas remained unchanged. Hyperplastic nodules developed in the exocrine pancreas, in 71% of diverted rats, but not in transected controls. We conclude from these observations that chronic diversion of bile and pancreatic juice stimulated pancreatic growth, most likely through a persistent rise of CCK plasma concentrations. Furthermore, this long lasting stimulation induced the development of exocrine pancreatic nodules.
Raynaud's Phenomenon with Vinblastine and Bleomycin
Authors: Harold A. Harvey, Allan Lipton, Bellarmine V. Lawrence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1981Raynaud's Phenomenon with Vinblastine and BleomycinHAROLD A. HARVEY, M.D., ALLAN LIPTON, M.D., BELLARMINE V. LAWRENCE, M.D.HAROLD A. HARVEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALLAN LIPTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BELLARMINE V. LAWRENCE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-542_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their excellent review, "Hypersensitivity Reactions to Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents" Weiss and Bruno (1) point out that such reactions are generally rare but may be life threatening and have received little attention in the literature. We report two examples not mentioned by the authors.Weiss and Bruno cite several examples of severe anaphlactic reactions to intravenous melphalan and state that oral melphalan has produced only minor rashes in a few patients. Because the use of intravenous melphalan is still experimental and quite restricted, we believe a serious reaction to oral melphalan is noteworthy. We have previously reported...References1. WEISSBRUNO RS. Hypersensitivity reactions to cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:66-72. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LAWRENCELIPTONHARVEY BAH. Anaphylaxis due to oral melphalan. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980;64:731-2. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. TEUTSCHLIPTONHARVEY CAH. Raynaud's phenomenon as a side effect of chemotherapy with vinblastine and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977;61:925-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA 17033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1981Volume 94, Issue 4_Part_1Page: 542-543KeywordsCancer chemotherapyChemotherapeutic agentsHypersensitivityRashesRaynaud syndrome Issue Published: 1 April 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
VALUE OF THE SYNTAX SCORE (SX) FOR RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE “ALL-COMERS” POPULATION OF THE RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER LEADERS TRIAL.
Authors: Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Scot Garg, Chrystafios Girasis, Ton de Vries, Marie-angele Morel, Marie-angele Morel, Gerrit-Anne van Es, Pawel Buszman, Axel Linke, Thomas Ischinger, Volker Klauss, Roberto Corti, Franz Eberli, William Wijns, Marie-Claude Morice, Carlo di Mario, Robert Jan van Geuns, Peter Juni, Stephan Windecker, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Allergen content of grass pollen preparations for skin prick testing and sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: I. Sander, C. Fleischer, U. Meurer, T. Brüning, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The allergen content of diagnostics and immunotherapeutics is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of different grass pollen preparations for skin prick testing and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).Five skin prick test (SPT) solutions and 10 sublingual immunotherapeutics were analysed for protein and allergen concentration by Bradford assay, inhibition of IgE-binding to Phleum pratense ImmunoCAPs and content of the main allergen Phl p 5 by two-site enzyme immunoassay. In addition, the grass pollen preparations were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting analyses.Protein concentrations of SPT solutions ranged from 15 to 427 microg/ml, and Phl p 5 concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 18.3 microg/ml. The ranking of SPT solutions concerning Phl p 5 content and IgE inhibition capacity was the same, and the ranking of protein and allergen content was closely correlated (r = 0.9). Protein content of the maintenance doses of the immunotheurapeutics ranged from 5 to 153 microg, Phl p 5 content ranged from 0.2 to 21.6 microg. IgE inhibition capacity of the maintenance doses was closely correlated to their Phl p 5 and protein content. SDS-PAGE and immunoblots confirmed the differences in protein and allergen content.Grass pollen preparations for SPT and SLIT varied greatly concerning protein and allergen content. Whereas this result corresponds to previous analyses results of SPT solutions, it was the first comparison of grass pollen immunotherapeutics. For diagnosis and therapy, these differences should be taken into account.
Human t(14;18)positive germinal center B cells: a new step in follicular lymphoma pathogenesis?
Authors: Julie Tellier, Cedric Menard, Sandrine Roulland, Nadine Martin, Céline Monvoisin, Lionel Chasson, Bertrand Nadel, Philippe Gaulard, Claudine Schiff, Karin Tarte
Journal: Blood (2014)