tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interspecific and intraspecific comparisons of the period locus in the Drosophila willistoni sibling species
Authors: J. M. Gleason, J. R. Powell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The period (per) locus has received much attention in molecular evolution studies because it is one of the best studied "behavioral genes" and because it offers insight into the evolution of repetitive sequences. We studied most of the coding region of per in Drosophila willistoni and confirmed previously observed patterns of conservation and divergence among distantly related species. Five regions are so highly diverged that they cannot be aligned, whereas a region encompassing the PAS domain is very conserved. Structural and nucleotide polymorphism patterns in the willistoni group are not the same as those observed in previously studied species. We sequenced the region homologous to the highly polymorphic threonine-glycine repeat of D. melanogaster in multiple strains of D. willistoni, as well as in other members of willistoni group, and found an unusual amount of conservation in this region. However, the next nonconserved region downstream in the sequence is quite variable and polymorphic for the number of repeated glycines. The glycine codon usage is significantly different in this glycine repeat as compared to other parts of the gene. We were able to plot the directionality of change in the glycine repeat region onto a phylogeny and find that the addition of glycines is the general trend with the diversification of the willistoni group.
A Breath of Life (for Audrey)
Authors: Donald Caton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Ad Libitum1 June 1992A Breath of Life (for Audrey)Donald Caton, MDDonald Caton, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-955_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs I sit and wait for LifeI hear a three-part songThat fills the space and timeOf those who labor to give careAnd, from sacral dark,Pull a scream that trumpets LightAnd Life and DeathAnd Light again.Those who tend beat the timeWith quips and jokesAnd high-pitched laughs,Which blend to formA social fugue, a litanyTo ground their callsTo breathe and strainAnd bear the pain.From those who strainEscapes a rhythmic groanIn part a plea for helpIn part a primal shriekTo know the force that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL 32610-0254 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 11Page: 955-955 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ruptured Interventricular Septum
Authors: Jerry L. Bressie, David D. Snyder, G. Rainey Williams, Robert H. Smiley, Gilbert S. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

RUPTURE of the interventricular septum is an uncommon but usually lethal complication of acute myocardial infarction. It is estimated that 1% to 2% of deaths attributable to acute myocardial infarction are associated with septal perforation. The average interval between septal rupture and death is 2 weeks, with 50% of the deaths occurring within the first week. Only 3 patients with this lesion are known to have survived more than 5 years. Until recently, the only treatment available for septal rupture consisted of those measures commonly employed in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Cooley was the first to suggest the surgical closure of interventricular septal rupture with utilization of cardiopulmonary bypass. He closed a 3- × 2-cm. septal defect in a 49-year-old man 11 weeks after infarction. The patient showed remarkable improvement for a few weeks but died of sepsis on the 45th postoperative day. Shickman et al. reported the
Proliferation and differentiation of organoid hair follicle cells co-cultured with fat cells in collagen gel matrix culture
Authors: None Misago, None Toda, None Sugihara, None Kohda, None Narisawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Using rat skin, we studied the influence of fat cells on the proliferation and differentiation of organoid hair follicle cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture system. We cultured organoid hair follicles embedded in collagen gel under each of the following three conditions: cell-free collagen gel for control experiments (condition 1); co-culture with fat cells in close apposition (condition 2); and co-culture with fat cells in spatial separation (condition 3). Outgrowths of epithelial cells from the organoid hair follicles associated with perifollicular proliferation of fibroblasts were observed under conditions 1 and 3. Under condition 2, proliferation of both organoid hair follicle cells and fibroblasts was inhibited, but differentiation of the hair follicle cells appeared to be accelerated. Fat cells are considered to have an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of perifollicular fibroblasts, which might have resulted in the inhibition of hair follicle cell proliferation and also in the better maintenance of normal follicular structure and integrity, allowing for hair-type differentiation to proceed. A direct accelerating effect of fat cells on hair follicle differentiation may also have been responsible. In a physiological state (co-culture with keratinocytes on the collagen gel), similar results were observed under conditions 1 and 2. The different findings under conditions 2 and 3 may be due to either of two possibilities: either the concentration gradient of the soluble factors released from fat cells, acting on either the hair follicle cells or the perifollicular fibroblasts as an inhibitor of proliferation, caused the difference in the results, or direct contact between the organoid hair follicle cells and fat cells may have influenced the accelerating effect of fat cells on the differentiation of hair follicle cells.
Time to talk salt
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Just over a decade ago, the BMJ found itself in the eye of the storm about dietary salt ( BMJ 1996;312:1239-40). We had published the Intersalt study some years previously; it concluded that populations with high average intakes of salt were likely to have higher average blood pressures. But the salt producers' trade organisation, the Salt Institute, had criticised the study's methods and asked the investigators to hand over their raw data for reanalysis. A reanalysis was done—by the original investigators—and published in the BMJ ( BMJ 1996;312:1249-53). The findings were the same.

It's worth remembering this skirmish in the war on dietary …
Aggressive Surgery and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dennis S. Chi, Richard R. Barakat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

1 The authors reported on the available surgical data of 889 patients who were enrolled on the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer comparing docetaxel/carboplatin with paclitaxel/carboplatin. 2 Since the results of the Scottish Randomized Trial in Ovarian Cancer (SCOTROC) chemotherapy trial showed no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between the docetaxel and paclitaxel arms, this means that all patients effectively had similar chemotherapy.One of the three main observations in the surgical study of Crawford et al was that optimal debulking was associated with increased PFS mainly for patients with less extensive disease at the outset.Therefore, Crawford et al concluded that increased PFS is associated with optimal surgery limited to patients with less-advanced disease, arguing for case selection rather than aggressive debulking.Although Crawford et al 1 state in their discussion that "the primary aim of the study was not to develop a prognostic model for clinical use," we are quite concerned that many of the subscribers to this journal will only read the title, abstract, and conclusion, then cite this article to justify their reluctance to consider, offer, and/or perform maximal effort surgery in their patients with ovarian cancer.There are four main problems with this study, beginning with the inclusion criteria.Approximately one in five patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I or II disease.The title and purpose of the article state that the study was analyzing patients with advanced ovarian cancer.Why were the approximately 20% of patients with early stage disease not excluded?Furthermore, in this analysis of aggressive surgery, more than half of the patients (356 of 675; 53%) did not have an omental cake.This implies that perhaps up to half of the patients in this study had stage IIIB disease or less.Therefore, it is not surprising that "optimal debulking was associated with increased PFS mainly for patients with less extensive disease at the outset" since the suboptimal group was presumably composed primarily of patients with stage IIIC and IV disease, while those with "less extensive disease at the outset," by definition, would be patients with stage IC to IIIB disease. 1 This observation is merely conveying that patients with stage I to IIIB disease do better than those with suboptimally cytoreduced stage IIIC and IV disease, rather than truly analyzing the specific benefit of aggressive surgery in patients with advanced disease.The second problem is that the definition of aggressive surgery is never adequately established and, therefore, not appropriately analyzed in the study.What kind of procedure was considered aggressive?Given that as many as half of the patients did not have macroscopic upper abdominal disease, one would assume that a significant propor-
Systemic combinatorial peptide selection yields a non-canonical iron-mimicry mechanism for targeting tumors in a mouse model of human glioblastoma
Authors: Fernanda I. Staquicini, Michael G. Ozawa, Catherine A. Moya, Wouter H.P. Driessen, E. Magda Barbu, Hiroyuki Nishimori, Suren Soghomonyan, Leo G. Flores, Xiaowen Liang, Vincenzo Paolillo, Mian M. Alauddin, James P. Basilion, Frank B. Furnari, Oliver Bogler, Frederick F. Lang, Kenneth D. Aldape, Gregory N. Fuller, Magnus Höök, Juri G. Gelovani, Richard L. Sidman, Webster K. Cavenee, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The management of CNS tumors is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a vascular interface that restricts the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Here we show that phage particles targeted with certain ligand motifs selected in vivo from a combinatorial peptide library can cross the BBB under normal and pathological conditions. Specifically, we demonstrated that phage clones displaying an iron-mimic peptide were able to target a protein complex of transferrin and transferrin receptor (TfR) through a non-canonical allosteric binding mechanism and that this functional protein complex mediated transport of the corresponding viral particles into the normal mouse brain. We also showed that, in an orthotopic mouse model of human glioblastoma, a combination of TfR overexpression plus extended vascular permeability and ligand retention resulted in remarkable brain tumor targeting of chimeric adeno-associated virus/phage particles displaying the iron-mimic peptide and carrying a gene of interest. As a proof of concept, we delivered the HSV thymidine kinase gene for molecular-genetic imaging and targeted therapy of intracranial xenografted tumors. Finally, we established that these experimental findings might be clinically relevant by determining through human tissue microarrays that many primary astrocytic tumors strongly express TfR. Together, our combinatorial selection system and results may provide a translational avenue for the targeted detection and treatment of brain tumors.
Ubiquitous localization of leukotriene A4 hydrolase in the rat nephron
Authors: Akihide Nakao, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Nobuya Ohishi, Akiko Toda, Kenichiro Asano, Shigeo Taniguchi, Kazuo Nosaka, Eisei Noiri, Takako Suzuki, Tatsuo Sakai, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Takao Shimizu, Satoshi Kimura
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Optimum treatment for young women with breast cancer needs to be determined
Authors: R. Sainsbury, B. Haward
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Obesity is linked to the development and progression of CKD, but whether bariatric surgery protects against CKD is poorly understood. We, therefore, examined whether bariatric surgery influences CKD risk. The study included 2144 adults who underwent bariatric surgery from March of 2006 to April of 2009 and participated in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 Study cohort. The primary outcome was CKD risk categories as assessed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consortium criteria using a combination of eGFR and albuminuria. Patients were 79% women and 87% white, with a median age of 46 years old. Improvements were observed in CKD risk at 1 and 7 years after surgery in patients with moderate baseline CKD risk (63% and 53%, respectively), high baseline risk (78% and 56%, respectively), and very high baseline risk (59% and 23%, respectively). The proportion of patients whose CKD risk worsened was ≤10%; five patients developed ESRD. Sensitivity analyses using year 1 as baseline to minimize the effect of weight loss on serum creatinine and differing eGFR equations offered qualitatively similar results. Treatment with bariatric surgery associated with an improvement in CKD risk categories in a large proportion of patients for up to 7 years, especially in those with moderate and high baseline risk. These findings support consideration of CKD risk in evaluation for bariatric surgery and further study of bariatric surgery as a treatment for high-risk obese patients with CKD.
The Cushing Syndrome Induced by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-Producing Thymic Carcinoid
Authors: Shuichi Okada
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994The Cushing Syndrome Induced by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide-Producing Thymic CarcinoidShuichi Okada, MD, Kihachi Ohshima, MD, and Masatomo Mori, MDShuichi Okada, MDGunma University of School of Medicine; Showa-machi, Maebashi 371; Japan, Kihachi Ohshima, MDGunma University of School of Medicine; Showa-machi, Maebashi 371; Japan, and Masatomo Mori, MDGunma University of School of Medicine; Showa-machi, Maebashi 371; JapanAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 75-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized for hypokalemia. Levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and free cortisol in urine were elevated to 220 pg/mL (normal, 9 to 52 pg/mL) and 793 mg/d (normal, 30 to 100 mg/d), respectively. Blood concentration of corticotropin-releasing factor was 13.8 pg/mL (normal, <40 pg/mL). Chest radiographs and computed tomographic examinations showed an enlarged thymic gland and normal-sized adrenal glands. Venous samplings in the superior and inferior vena cava at several levels showed markedly increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations near the thymic tumor (from 120 to 620 pg/mL). By contrast, plasma ACTH ...References1. Vollman AM, Schulz R. Atrial natriuretic peptide is synthesized in the human thymus. Endocrinology. 1990; 126:2277-80. Google Scholar2. Throsby M, Yang Z, Lee D, Huang W, Copolov DL, Lim T. In vitro evidence for atrial natriuretic factor-(5-28) production by macrophages of adult rat thymi. Endocrinology. 1993; 132:2184-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Shuichi Okada, MD; Kihachi Ohshima, MD; Masatomo Mori, MDAffiliations: Gunma University of School of Medicine; Showa-machi, Maebashi 371; Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEctopic Cushing's syndrome due to thymic neuroendocrine tumours: a systematic reviewThymusUse of DOTATATE PET/CT Scan in the Diagnosis and Staging of Thymic Atypical Carcinoid Tumor in a Patient with Secondary ACTH-dependent Cushing Syndrome: Look Twice and Cut OnceBronchial and Thymic Carcinoid TumorsAssay Methods in Cushing's SyndromeCarcinoids 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 75-76KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAtrial natriuretic peptidesAttentionBlood plasmaCellsCortisolPotassiumStainingThoraxUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4162: Gal4/UAS-mediated pancreatic tumorigenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Shu Liu, Michael J. Parsons, Jon M. Davison, Steven D. Leach
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains the 4th deadliest cancer in the United States in 2009. The 5-year survival rate for all stages remains at 5%, the lowest rate among major malignancies. Lack of methods for early detection, as well as ineffective treatments, contribute to the poor outcome of the disease. Over 90% of the pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Mutations in the KRAS gene were found in majority of the PDAC lesions and played critical role in the initiation of tumorigenesis as demonstrated in transgenic mouse models. Recent pancreatic cancer genome sequencing results have highlighted the major pathways that can be altered in PDACs. The study also produced a list of novel oncogene candidates that may play parts in the rise of pancreatic cancer. To facilitate the evaluation of these candidate oncogenes’ function in pancreatic cancer in vivo, we developed zebrafish models that can overexpress transgenes specifically in pancreas, alone or in the presence of a human KRAS mutant transgene. The transgenes were introduced into zebrafish via Tol2 transposon elements. The Gal4/UAS transcriptional regulatory system was utilized to ensure targeted expressions of multiple transgenes in the pancreas, controlled by the regulatory element of the Ptf1a gene, a transcription factor critical for pancreas development. Pancreas-specific expression of the mutant KRAS transgene alone in zebrafish can give rise to pancreatic cancers similar to those observed in humans. We now have the opportunity to functionally assess a wide variety of genetic lesions for their ability to modify pancreatic cancer initiation and/or progression, achieving a level of throughput not technically feasible in the mouse. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4162.
Myeloid progenitor cells lacking p53 exhibit delayed up-regulation of Puma and prolonged survival after cytokine deprivation
Authors: Anissa M. Jabbour, Carmel P. Daunt, Benjamin D. Green, Sandra Vogel, Lavinia Gordon, Rachel S. Lee, Natasha Silke, Richard B. Pearson, Cassandra J. Vandenberg, Priscilla N. Kelly, Stephen L. Nutt, Andreas Strasser, Christoph Borner, Paul G. Ekert
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Fate of the Patient Returned to Hemodialysis After Losing a Renal Transplant
Authors: Arthur J. Matas
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Previous reports have suggested that renal allograft recipients have an increased mortality rate when returned to hemodialysis. We studied the survival of patients returned to hemodialysis after losing a renal allograft and compared it with the survival of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis during the same period as reported by individual centers in the United States and by the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. Six-year actuarial survival of 83 patients after loss of a first transplant and of 37 patients after loss of two or more transplants compared favorably with data on survival of patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. We conclude that a transplant recipient is not at increased risk when returned to hemodialysis.
Mutant TDP-43 in motor neurons promotes the onset and progression of ALS in rats
Authors: Cao Huang, Jianbin Tong, Fangfang Bi, Hongxia Zhou, Xu-Gang Xia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration, which ultimately leads to paralysis and death. Mutation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been linked to the development of an inherited form of ALS. Existing TDP-43 transgenic animals develop a limited loss of motor neurons and therefore do not faithfully reproduce the core phenotype of ALS. Here, we report the creation of multiple lines of transgenic rats in which expression of ALS-associated mutant human TDP-43 is restricted to either motor neurons or other types of neurons and skeletal muscle and can be switched on and off. All of these rats developed progressive paralysis reminiscent of ALS when the transgene was switched on. Rats expressing mutant TDP-43 in motor neurons alone lost more spinal motor neurons than rats expressing the disease gene in varying neurons and muscle cells, although these rats all developed remarkable denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles. Intriguingly, progression of the disease was halted after transgene expression was switched off; in rats with limited loss of motor neurons, we observed a dramatic recovery of motor function, but in rats with profound loss of motor neurons, we only observed a moderate recovery of motor function. Our finding suggests that mutant TDP-43 in motor neurons is sufficient to promote the onset and progression of ALS and that motor neuron degeneration is partially reversible, at least in mutant TDP-43 transgenic rats.
Heart Rate Recovery after Submaximal Exercise Testing as a Predictor of Mortality in a Cardiovascularly Healthy Cohort
Authors: Christopher R. Cole, JoAnne M. Foody, Eugene H. Blackstone, Michael S. Lauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Abnormal heart rate recovery after symptom-limited exercise predicts death. It is unknown whether this is also true among patients undergoing submaximal testing. Objective: To test the prognostic implications of heart rate recovery in cardiovascularly healthy adults undergoing submaximal exercise testing. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: 10 primary care sites. Participants: 5234 adults without evidence of cardiovascular disease who were enrolled in the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Measurements: Heart rate recovery was defined as the change from peak heart rate to that measured 2 minutes later (heart rate recovery was defined as ≤ 42 beats/min). Results: During 12 years of follow-up, 312 participants died. Abnormal heart rate recovery predicted death (relative risk, 2.58 [CI, 2.06 to 3.20]). After adjustment for standard risk factors, fitness, and resting and exercise heart rates, abnormal heart rate recovery remained predictive (adjusted relative risk, 1.55 [CI, 1.22 to 1.98]) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Even after submaximal exercise, abnormal heart rate recovery predicts death.