tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Money, lies, and replicability: On the need for empirically grounded experimental practices and interdisciplinary discourse
Authors: Ralph Hertwig, Andreas Ortmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

This response reinforces the major themes of our target article. The impact of key methodological variables should not be taken for granted. Rather, we suggest grounding experimental practices in empirical evidence. If no evidence is available, decisions about design and implementation ought to be subjected to systematic experimentation. In other words, we argue against empirically blind conventions and against methodological choices based on beliefs, habits, or rituals. Our approach will neither inhibit methodological diversity nor constrain experimental creativity. More likely, it will promote both goals.
St Johns wort interferes with chemotherapy, study shows
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Cancer patients who take the herbal remedy St John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) may jeopardise their response to chemotherapy, according to a small study that examined the effect of the herb on the metabolism of the antineoplastic agent irinotecan ( Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002;94:1247-9).

St John's Wort is known to induce the cytochrome P450 hepatic enzyme system. Specifically, the herb induces the expression of an isoform of the P450 enzyme system known as CYP3A4. This enzymatic cascade is heavily used by the body to break down a variety of drugs and toxins.

More than half of the chemotherapeutic agents now used are broken down …
The chromene sargachromanol E inhibits ultraviolet A-induced ageing of skin in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: J.-A. Kim, B.-N. Ahn, C.-S. Kong, S.-K. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Skin ageing is influenced by environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effects of UV radiation on skin functions should be investigated using human in vitro models to understand the mechanisms of skin ageing. Additionally, marine algae provide a valuable source for identifying and extracting biologically active substances. Objectives In this study, sargachromanol E was isolated from a marine brown alga, Sargassum horneri, and its inhibitory effect on skin ageing was investigated using UVA-irradiated dermal fibroblasts. Methods Formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation induced by UVA irradiation were investigated in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results Sargachromanol E did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity or phototoxicity in UVA-exposed dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, sargachromanol E suppressed intracellular formation of ROS, membrane protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and expression of collagenases such as MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, all of which are caused by UVA exposure. It was further found that these inhibitions were related to an increase in the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes, TIMP1 and TIMP2. Moreover, we have shown that the transcriptional activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) signalling caused by UVA irradiation was inhibited by treatment with sargachromanol E. Conclusions This study suggests that UVA irradiation modulates MMP expression via the transcriptional activation of AP-1 signalling, whereas treatment with sargachromanol E protected cell damage caused by UVA irradiation.
Abstract MP73: Geographic Variation of Overweight and Obesity among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Case Study of Nigeria
Authors: Saverio Stranges, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Nutritional research in sub-Saharan Africa has primarily focused on under-nutrition, particularly among vulnerable population subgroups such as women and children. However, there is growing evidence of an ongoing epidemiological and nutritional transition in these settings. Objective: This study aimed to examine the geographic variation of combined overweight and obesity prevalence at the state-level among women in Nigeria, while accounting for individual-level risk factors. Methods: Our analysis was based on the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), including 27,967 women aged 15 and over. Individual data were collected on socio-demographic variables, but were aggregated to the 31 states. We used a Bayesian geo-additive mixed model to map the geographic distribution of overweight/obesity at the state-level, accounting for individual-level risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of combined overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25) was 20.9%. In multivariate Bayesian geo-additive models, there were several significant associations between socio-demographic variables and prevalence of overweight/obesity. Specifically, higher education [odds ratio (OR) &amp; 95% Credible Region (CR): 1.68 (1.38, 2.00)], higher wealth index [3.45 (2.98, 4.05)], living in urban settings [1.24 (1.14, 1.36)] and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. There was also a striking variation in overweight/obesity prevalence across ethnic groups and state of residence, the highest being in Cross River State, in south-eastern Nigeria [2.32 (1.62, 3.40)], the lowest in Osun State in south-western Nigeria [0.48 (0.36, 0.61)]. Conclusions: This study suggests distinct geographic patterns in the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity among Nigerian women, as well as the potential role of demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors driving the ongoing nutritional transition in these settings.
Abstract 11334: Long-Term Survival and Quality of Life of Patients Submitted to Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Post-Infarction Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Mario Gaudino, David Glineur, Mazza Andrea, Spiridon Papadatos, Piero Farina, Pierre Yves Etienne, Francesco Fracassi, Federico Cammertoni, Filippo Crea, Massimo Massetti
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  This study was intended to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients submitted to emergency coronary artery bypass (eCABG) for postinfarction cardiogenic shock (post-AMI CS).   Methods:  Sixty-seven consecutive patients were submitted to eCABG for post-AMI CS at two European institutions during an 11 year period. Pre-, intra-, postoperative and long-term follow-up data of all patients were prospectively collected.   Results:  Hospital survival was 86% (58/67) with all deaths due to cardiac causes. At a mean follow-up of 78±48 months (range 1-153) 43 of the 58 patients discharged from the hospital were alive (74%); 9 of the 15 late deaths (60%) were non cardiac. Overall survival rate at the end of follow-up was 64% (43/67). The majority (41/43, 95%) of survivors were in NYHA class I-II, ischemia free, had a Karnofsky performance status > 80 and an excellent quality of life basing on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. The use of the internal thoracic artery (Figure 1) and of cardiopulmonary bypass (Figure 2) were both associated with significantly better long-term survival (p=.01 for both).   Conclusions:  The long-term survival and quality of life of patients submitted to eCABG for post-AMI CS are good; eCABG should be considered a valuable therapeutic option in this setting. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass and of the internal thoracic artery at the time of surgery are strongly advocated.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists reduce cell proliferation and viability and increase apoptosis in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts
Authors: A. Antonelli, C. Ferri, S.M. Ferrari, M. Colaci, I. Ruffilli, M. Sebastiani, P. Fallahi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

No study has evaluated the effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis in cultured systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts.The effects of two pure PPARγ agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) in cultured SSc fibroblasts were evaluated and compared with effects in normal fibroblasts. The study included evaluation of cell viability and proliferation (based on the cleavage of tetrazolium salts and measurement of absorbance of the cell proliferation reagent WST-1), and determination of cell apoptosis (by means of the Hoechst dye uptake).Rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (20μmolL(-1) ) significantly reduced cell proliferation (cell count of 75% and 83% compared with baseline, respectively, after 2h) and cell viability (absorbance reductions of 25% and 22% compared with baseline, respectively, after 2 h), and increased apoptosis (apoptotic cell percentages 9·9% and 8·6%, respectively, after 48h of incubation) in SSc fibroblasts, whereas they did not present a significant influence on control fibroblasts.The effects of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone shown on SSc fibroblasts raise the hypothesis of a therapeutic role for PPARγ agonists in patients affected by SSc.
Abstract 18262: Molecular Genetics of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Israel Revisited
Authors: Ronen Durst, Uche Ken Ibe, Vardiella Meiner Meiner, Shoshi Shpitzen, Dani Schurr, Osnat Eliav, Marta Futema Futema, Ros Whittall, Steve E Humphries, Eran Leitersdorf
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: In 1996, the first summary of molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Israel was published (Reshef A, Hum Gen, 1996). Since then, new technology for mutation screening became available making genetic diagnosis easier more accurate, and more comprehensive. We performed systematic mutation screening of index cases of 68 pedigrees to reanalyze the profile of mutations among Israeli FH patients. Methods and results: In 68 individuals the entire coding region, promoter and intron-exon junctions of the LDLR and part of exon 26 of the APOB gene were screened for variants using High Resolution Melting, with Sanger sequencing of any identified melt shifts. Mutations of the LDLR gene were found in twenty-three patients (34% of the total) with seventeen different mutations . The most common mutation was p.(V827I) (47% of the detected mutations), not previously reported in Refech et al but reported to occur in patients from Russia. Three variants, two in exon 4 and one in the promoter region were not reported before; p.(C121S), p.(E140A) and c.-191 C&gt;A. One patient carried the common APOB p.(R3527Q) mutation. 70% of the cohort were negative for an LDLR or APOB mutation. It was hypothesized that FH can be caused by an accumulation of LDL-C raising alleles each having a small contributive effect (Talmud et al., 2013). Using this published gene score method derived from twelve common LDL-C raising SNPs in eleven genes, the mean polygene score was significantly higher (p=0.03) among mutation negative Israeli FH patients compared with a European control population. Conclusion: We identified mutations in 30% of a new Israeli FH cohort. In these we found 3 novel LDLR mutations. The high prevalence of p.(V827I) likely reflects the change in demographics of the Israeli population since 1996 . In the remaining mutation free cohort, there is likely to be a polygenic cause of their elevated LDL-C and FH diagnosis. These data can help design a future strategy for early screening for FH in our population.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE.
Authors: W. J. O'DONOVAN, A. M. H. GRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1940)

Journal Article ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE: SECTION OF DERMATOLOGY. Get access W. J. O'DONOVAN, R.A.M.C. President: Major, W. J. O'DONOVAN, R.A.M.C. President: Major Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. M. H. GRAY A. M. H. GRAY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 52, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1940, Pages 256–272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1940.tb10888.x Published: 01 August 1940
CHRONIC COR PULMONALE WITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: George W. Covey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Case Reports1 May 1943CHRONIC COR PULMONALE WITH REPORT OF A CASEGEORGE W. COVEY, F.A.C.P.GEORGE W. COVEY, F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-5-851 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLesions affecting the lesser circulation occur less frequently than those of the systemic. There is less chance of direct observation of these lesions, and the diagnosis of the conditions must be made by less direct methods than is the case where one is dealing with the commoner cardiovascular diseases.It is customary to speak of right or left heart failure but such statements require a certain amount of mental reservation because of the closely integrated and interdependent functions of the lesser and greater circulations. Any degree of failure of either one immediately jeopardizes the anatomical and functional integrity of the...Bibliography1. DRY TJ: Problems associated with the clinical recognition of pulmonary hypertension, Minnesota Med., 1938, xxi, 535. Google Scholar2. HAGGARTWALKER GEAM: The physiology of pulmonary embolism as disclosed by quantitative occlusion of the pulmonary artery, Arch. Surg., 1923, vi, 764. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. WARINGBLACK JJWC: The syndrome of obstruction of the lesser circulation, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1934, clxxxvii, 652. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. BARNESYATER ARWM: Failure of the right ventricle due to an ancient thrombus in the pulmonary arteries, Med. Clin. N. Am., 1929, xii, 1610. Google Scholar5. MEANSMALLORY JHTB: Total occlusion of the right branch of the pulmonary artery by an organized thrombus, ANN. INT. MED., 1931, v, 417. Google Scholar6. JUMPBAUMANN HDF: Large thrombus of the pulmonary artery with chronic cyanosis and polycythemia, Pennsylvania Med. Jr., 1929, xxxii, 754. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lincoln, Nebraska*Received for publication December 31, 1940. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLate Prognosis of Acute Pulmonary EmbolismEmbolectomy for Chronic Pulmonary Embolism and HypertensionThrombotic occlusion of the large pulmonary arteries.PULMONARY EMBOLISMThe syndrome of chronic thrombosis of the major pulmonary arteriesCHRONIC COR PULMONALE DUE TO SILENT PULMONARY EMBOLISMCHRONIC MASSIVE PULMONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS*ALFRED RING, M.D., JENS R. BAKKE, M.D.THROMBOSIS OF THE MAIN PULMONARY ARTERIESChronic obstruction of major pulmonary arteriesContribution to the pathogenesis of chronic cor pulmonalePropagating Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis 1 May 1943Volume 18, Issue 5Page: 851-857KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesHeart failureLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Managing intersex
Authors: S. Creighton, C. Minto
Journal: BMJ (2001)

For over 40 years doctors have been in the impossible situation of making momentous decisions for intersex children, without well founded scientific principles and with little more to guide them than a personal hunch that they were doing the “right thing for the child.” Despite rapid advances in understanding sexual differentiation and increased accuracy of diagnosis, the clinical management of intersex has changed little. Recently the medical profession has been confronted by the powerfully critical voices of intersex consumer groups (www.cah.org.uk/; www.isna.org/; www.medhelp.org/www/ais). With a serious deficiency of any evidence base, emotive debates on ethics, and clinical concerns over the long term consequences of interventions, it is time to stand back and rethink every aspect of this management.1–4

Intersex conditions consist of a blending or mix of the internal and external physical features usually classified as male or female—for example, an infant with ambiguous genitalia or a woman with XY chromosomes. Actual prevalence figures are unknown, with population estimates of 0.1% to 2%, though figures can be distorted by varying definitions of intersex.5 When intersex is recognised in infancy, doctors decide if the …
Erratum to “Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in T Cells from Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Patients Leads to Functional Correction”
Authors: Loïc Dupré, Sara Trifari, Antonia Follenzi, Francesco Marangoni, Teresa Lain de Lera, Antonio Bernad, Silvana Martino, Shigeru Tsuchiya, Claudio Bordignon, Luigi Naldini, Alessandro Aiuti, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The label on the bottom right panel of Fig. 3D on page 907 should be “WGFP/cyto” instead of “WGFP/TCR.” The publisher regrets the error. Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in T Cells from Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Patients Leads to Functional CorrectionDupré et al.Molecular TherapyNovember, 2004In BriefWiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency with a median survival below the age of 20 due to infections, severe hemorrhage, and lymphomas. Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical sibling donors is a resolutive treatment, but is available for a minority of patients. Transplantation of genetically corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells or T cells could represent an alternative treatment applicable to all patients. We investigated whether WAS gene transfer with MMLV-based oncoretroviral and HIV-based lentiviral vectors could restore normal functions of patients' T cells. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Effects of Exercise and Weight Loss on Hypertension
Authors: William J. McCarthy, Thalida Em Arpawong, Barbara J. Dietsch, Antronette K. Yancey
Journal: JAMA (2003)

To the Editor: The authors of the PREMIER trial1 found that a comprehensive lifestyle approach, either with or without the addition of dietary counseling, resulted in significant decreases in blood pressure (BP) and excess body weight among adults with above-optimal BP.
Abstract P373: Predictors of Statin Use for Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Community Health Centers
Authors: Kunal N Karmali, Stephen D Persell
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background:  Guidelines emphasize using cardiovascular (CVD) risk to guide statin prescribing. However, drivers of statin use for primary prevention are unknown. We aimed to identify predictors of statin use in a clinical trial of a CVD risk communication intervention.   Methods:  We used randomized trial data from 10 community health centers in Illinois and Arizona that utilized telephone and mailed outreach with individualized CVD risk messages to participants without CVD or diabetes and a 10-year Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ≥10%. Statin discussion was assessed at 6 months by blinded chart review and statin prescription was assessed at 12 months through the electronic health record. We used logistic regressions to determine predictors of statin discussion and prescription.   Results:  We analyzed 646 trial participants: 89% male, mean age 59.8 ± 9.5 years. Statin discussion occurred in 19% (125/646) and statin prescription occurred in 12% (78/646) of participants. 10-year CHD risk was not associated with statin discussion (OR 1.10 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.91-1.33) but was associated with statin prescription (OR 1.40 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 1.13-1.74) in univariate models. Total cholesterol and antihypertensive medication use were independently associated with statin discussion after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors, OR 1.48 per 1 SD increase (95% CI 1.18-1.86) and OR 3.80 (95% CI 2.43-5.95), respectively. Total cholesterol and anti-hypertensive medication use were also independently associated with statin prescription, OR 1.96 per 1 SD increase (95% CI 1.51-2.55) and OR 4.03 (95% CI 2.39-6.79), respectively. Other major drivers of risk (i.e. age and smoking) were not associated with statin prescribing in univariate and multivariate models (Table).   Conclusions:  Total cholesterol and antihypertensive medication use were principle drivers of statin use whereas other determinants of CVD risk were not. Further studies are needed to support risk-based frameworks to guide statin utilization.
Mutations in the gene encoding immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2 cause spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1
Authors: Katja Grohmann, Markus Schuelke, Alexander Diers, Katrin Hoffmann, Barbara Lucke, Coleen Adams, Enrico Bertini, Hajnalka Leonhardt-Horti, Francesco Muntoni, Robert Ouvrier, Arne Pfeufer, Rainer Rossi, Lionel Van Maldergem, Jo M. Wilmshurst, Thomas F. Wienker, Michael Sendtner, Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn, Klaus Zerres, Christoph Hübner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Abstract 19108: Anticoagulation Treatment in High-Risk Medicare Advantage Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Amanda S Bruno, Jeffrey N Trocio, Daniel Wiederkehr, Younos Abdulsattar, Joette Gdovin, Courtney Brown, Joseph T Dye, Anthony M Louder, Jack Mardekian, Margaret Pasquale
Journal: Circulation (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Examine anticoagulation (AC) treatment in Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MAPD) plan members diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and at high risk for stroke. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of claims data from a large US health plan was conducted. Patients with NVAF were identified between 1/1/2011 and 11/30/2013. Index date was based on NVAF diagnosis and patients were required to have ≥18 months of continuous enrollment: 6 months pre-index and 12 months post-index. Pre-index stroke risk was calculated using the CHADS 2 . Patients classified as high risk (CHADS 2 score ≥2) were included in the analysis. Post-index AC treatment options were warfarin and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban. The proportion of high-risk patients with time in therapeutic range (TTR)≥60% was calculated among those receiving warfarin with ≥2 INR values within a 3-month period. Adherence among high-risk patients receiving a NOAC or warfarin without available INR values was calculated using the proportion of days covered (PDC)≥80%. Risk for major bleeding was also calculated using the HASBLED score. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize AC treatment. FINDINGS: Of 93,864 patients with NVAF, 70,646 were identified as high risk for stroke. Among them, 36,601 (51.8%) were treated with an AC while 34,045 (48.1%) did not receive any AC treatment during post-index. Of those treated with an AC, 30,802 (84.2%) were treated with warfarin and 5,799 (15.8%) were treated with a NOAC. TTR was calculated for 7,034 (22.8%) of those receiving warfarin, of which 3,215 (45.7%) had a TTR≥60%. PDC≥80% was observed for 13,758 (57.9%) of the remaining warfarin users and 3,353 (58.7%) of NOAC users. A total of 64,191 (90.8%) patients had a HASBLED score ≥3. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of NVAF patients at high risk for stroke are untreated or potentially undertreated_as evidenced by the low TTR values and low adherence estimates observed here. These patients’ high risk levels for stroke and major bleeding necessitate optimal prophylactic treatment with AC and careful management. Further research with providers may identify potential causes for non-treatment and undertreatment with AC in high risk NVAF patients.