tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
May Engender Prejudice in Bicycling.
Authors: J. C. Minor
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Hot Springs, Ark., July 14, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Anent Dr. Destot's account of "Paralysis of the Forearm from Bicycling," quoted in the issue of July 10 from the<i>Gazette des Hôpitaux</i>, it strikes me that the Doctor's unfortunate experience is sufficient evidence of his having been badly instructed in the art of riding a bicycle, and it should by no means have any prejudicial weight with those of us who might wish to prescribe the wheel as an available and useful exercise. One of the first errors an uninstructed beginner will fall into is throwing his whole weight forward on his arms and gripping the handlebar as a last hope between life and death, when in fact the entire weight of the body should rest on the saddle and pedals. There are few riders in this country who have not learned to ride without even touch ing the handlebar,
Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination in China.
Authors: J L Yao
Journal: Gut (1996)

Hepatitis B remains one of the most important infectious diseases in China. In 1980, an overall hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate of 42.6% was reported and a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate of 10.3%. HBsAg positivity among children under 1 year of age ranged from 5.1% in Beijing to 7% in Guangdong. A peak in carrier rate was observed in 7 to 14 year olds, reaching 24% in Guangdong. During the past decade, there has been no significant change in overall HBV carrier rates. However, in areas where hepatitis B vaccination for all neonates has been introduced, a decline in HBsAg positivity in lower age groups has been observed. Perinatal transmission is believed to account for 35-50% of carriers although horizontal transmission is also important, particularly within families. Infants born to HBeAg positive carrier mothers are at even greater risk of infection. HBV infection during childhood leads to an increased risk of serious longterm sequelae, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is hoped that universal childhood immunisation will allow control of HBV infections in China within a few generations.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Contributes to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Heart
Authors: Po-Yin Cheung, Grzegorz Sawicki, Mieczyslaw Wozniak, Wenjie Wang, Marek W. Radomski, Richard Schulz
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to collagen degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix after myocardial infarction; however, their role in myocardial dysfunction immediately after ischemia and reperfusion is unknown. Methods and Results —We measured the release of MMPs into the coronary effluent of isolated, perfused rat hearts during aerobic perfusion and reperfusion after ischemia. Aerobically perfused control hearts expressed pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2, as well as an unidentified 75-kDa gelatinase. These enzymes were also detected in the coronary effluent. After 20 minutes of global no-flow ischemia, there was a marked increase in pro-MMP-2 in the coronary effluent that peaked within the first minute of reperfusion. The release of pro-MMP-2 into the coronary effluent during reperfusion was enhanced with increasing duration of ischemia and correlated negatively with the recovery of mechanical function during reperfusion ( r 2 =0.99). MMP-2 antibody (1.5 to 15 μg/mL) and the inhibitors of MMPs doxycycline (10 to 100 μmol/L) and o -phenanthroline (3 to 100 μmol/L) improved whereas MMP-2 worsened the recovery of mechanical function during reperfusion. Conclusions —These results show that acute release of MMP-2 during reperfusion after ischemia contributes to cardiac mechanical dysfunction. The inhibition of MMPs may be a novel pharmacological strategy for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
CLINICAL BENEFITS OF THROMBUS ASPIRATION DURING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ju Han Kim, Doo Sun Sim, Myeong Chan Cho, Hyo Soo Kim, Dong Ju Choi, Tae Jin Youn, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Relevance of osteoporosis in women with fracture of the femoral neck.
Authors: J M Aitken
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A prospective study of fractures of the femoral neck was conducted over 12 months in order to ascertain the relevance of generalised osteoporosis as determined by metacarpal morphometry. A series of some 200 women sustaining a fracture of the femoral neck after minor trauma had bone mass measurements similar to those of a control population of normal women, and 16% were not osteoporotic. A history of previous fractures was documented in one third of the women, but this was unrelated to the presence or severity of osteoporosis, although over half of the fractures had occurred within the previous four years. Trochanteric fractures were seen more commonly in severely osteoporotic women (p less than 0.005), whereas cervical fractures predominated in those who were not osteoporotic. These findings support the hypothesis that postural instability is the major determinant for femoral neck fracture and that generalised osteoporosis, rather than being a prerequisite for fracture, merely determines the type of fracture sustained.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) incorporating mutations in the IgG4 Fc spacer region to eliminate Fc receptor recognition results in improved CAR T cell persistence and anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Mahesh Jonnalagadda, Armen Mardiros, Lauren Hoffman, Alyssa Bernanke, Wen-Chung Chang, William Bretzlaff, Renate Starr, Xiuli Wang, Julie Ostberg, Christine Brown, Stephen J Forman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive immunotherapy using T cells genetically redirected via expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, this immunotherapy is dependent in part on the optimal molecular design of the CAR, which involves an
Senile breakdown in standards of personal and environmental cleanliness.
Authors: D. Macmillan, P. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Methods and MaterialEighty-seven jejunal biopsies were taken by Crosby capsule from 86 patients who had diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bone disease, or unexplained anaemia.Twelve of these patients who had previously undergone gastric surgery had biopsies taken from the second loop of jejunum; all other specimens were on 12 July
Popliteal Mycotic Aneurysm Presenting as Septic Arthritis and Purpura
Authors: Martin Merry
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A 44-year-old man, previously in excellent health, developed a mycotic aneurysm of his popliteal artery. Classic signs of arterial wall sepsis were preceded by septic arthritis in the great toe and knee joint on the affected side and diffuse purpura in the skin. The aneurysm was successfully resected and good arterial blood supply in the leg obtained by an autologous vein graft. We believe this is the first description of septic arthritis or purpura as presenting signs of a peripheral mycotic aneurysm.
COMPARISON OF 3-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES ACCORDING TO THE RESPONSE TO ACETYLCHOLINE IN PATIENTS WITH BASAL CORONARY ARTERY SPASM
Authors: Ji Bak Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Goud, Sunki Lee, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong-Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Bedside Hemodynamic Monitoring
Authors: James E. Dalen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The introduction of the flow-directed catheter by Swan and associates1 in 1970 has had a remarkable impact on the management of critically ill patients. The ability to measure pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure and cardiac output at the bedside has led to the development of bedside hemodynamic monitoring — a procedure that is now performed daily in most hospitals in the United States.Swan2 estimates that between one and two million flow-directed catheters have been inserted since 1970. The widespread use of this catheter in the past nine years has clearly established that it is indeed possible to catheterize the pulmonary artery . . .
William Harvey and His Contributions
Authors: FREDERICK G. KILGOUR
Journal: Circulation (1961)

THE HARVEIAN Orator of 1662, prob- ably Sir Charles Scarburgh but perhaps someone else who knew Harvey well, pro- claimed that Harvey "thought again and again and for a long time how he could raise himself effectively from the ground and place his head among the stars and at last there settled in his mind the wish to embrace medi- cine."'"Harvey certainly succeeded in rising to a place amongst the stars, and the "ground," so to speak, from which he raised himself was Folkestone, on the strait of Dover, in Kent.Here, William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578, twenty years after the first Elizabeth had ascended the throne of England.William was the eldest son in a family of seven sons and two daughters.His father, Thomas Harvey, was a Turkey mer- chant as, subsequently, were five of Harvey's brothers.Harvey was born into a world in ferment- intellectual, religious, social, economic, and political.Indeed, the year 1588, when young Harvey went off to King's School, Canterbury, was the year when the Invincible Armada of 132 vessels and over 3,000 cannon attempted its ill-fated invasion of England; Drake struck his most damaging blows in an attack that began off Calais, across the Strait from Folke- stone.Harvey attended King's School, Canterbury for five years.It was probably during this period that "there settled in his mind the wish to embrace medicine, " for Sir
P515The effects of short time high fat diet &amp; gender on heart metabolism: A 1H NMR metabolomic study
Authors: I Barba, E Pladevall, D Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Dislipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases through the accumulation of cholesterol esters in coronary atherosclerotic plaques and indirectly because it can induce type-2 diabetes that it is, in turn, another cardiovascular risk factor. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is a complex and much studied process that usually takes years until symptoms like angina or an acute coronary syndrome appear. However, little is known about possible short term effects of a high fat diet (HFD). The objective of our work was to investigate if HFD induced changes in heart metabolism after just two weeks and the interaction with gender in a mice model. Mice were fed a HFD (n=12) or control chow diet (n=12) for two weeks, each group consisted in 7 males and 5 females. After two weeks animals were euthanised and tissues (heart, liver, brain) extracted using methanol:chloroform; blood was collected from the heart left ventricle, left to coagulate and serum separated by centrifugation. 1H NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance 400 spectrometer using a fully relaxed pulse-and-acquire sequence for tissues or CPMG with an effective T2 delay of 32 ms in the case of serum. Spectra were analyzed using pattern recognition with SIMCA-P software. In the case of heart, it was possible to obtain discriminant models able to differentiate between HFD and control animals (Q2=0,383); gender also had a clear effect on heart metabolism as it was possible to differentiate between male and female animals with better predictive capacity than HFD (Q2=0,470). A 4 group model differentiating gender and diet was also statistical significant (Q2=0,149). HFD had clear effects on liver and serum metabolism but not on the brain while gender affected brain and serum metabolic profiles. HFD hearts contained more alanine and less glutamate and phosphocreatine than mice fed with control diet. High levels of alanine could be indicative of faster anaerobic glycolisis turnover. Also, control animals have relatively elevated creatine and glutamate suggestive of a better energy state. Females had higher levels of acetate, that bound to coenzime A, is central to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; thus higher levels of acetate could be indicative of differential use of substrates as energy sources between male and female animals. In conclusion, short term HFD treatment affects heart metabolism; this may have implications in diseases like heart failure and also affect the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
A Case of Exploratory Operation for Dilatation of the Stomach
Authors: E. A. T. Steele
Journal: BMJ (1900)

INGUINAL COLOTOMY.[IMTL-n c LTm 44X infantile hernia.Demmeaux has suggested that whether the sac first present in the scrotum be congenital or acquired, the press of intestine on a weak and loosely supported neck may cause a diverticulum slowly to develop.Such pouch may be in front or behind, to the inner or outer side.If rupture of the neck of a femoral sac occurs the bowel miiay pass into the subperitoneal tissue.Callisen recorded in 1777 a case where, owing to rupture of the sac below the neck, the bowel had escaped and made for itself a lodgment between the pectineus and psoas muscles.rThese conditions may be represented in tabular form thus:REDUCTION IN MASS.
Signatures of CD4 T-cell help and CD8 exhaustion predict clinical outcome in autoimmunity, infection, and vaccination
Authors: Eoin F McKinney, James Lee, Paul A Lyons, Tim F Rayner, Edward J Carr, Alexander Hatton, David RW Jayne, Lisa C Willcocks, Afzal N Chaudhry, Kenneth GC Smith
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
EGFR and erbB2 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and implications for targeted therapy
Authors: Nikola Holtkamp, Elke Malzer, Jan Zietsch, Ali Fuat Okuducu, Jana Mucha, Christian Mawrin, Victor F. Mautner, Hans Ulrich Schildhaus, Andreas von Deimling
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are sarcomas with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Evidence for a role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2 in MPNSTs led us to systematically study these potential therapeutic targets in a larger tumor panel (n = 37). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed increased EGFR dosage in 28% of MPNSTs. ERBB2 and three tumor suppressor genes (PTEN [phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10], CDKN2A [cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A], and TP53 [tumor protein p53]) were frequently lost or reduced. Reduction of CDKN2A was linked to appearance of metastasis. Comparison of corresponding neurofibromas and MPNSTs revealed an increase in genetic lesions in MPNSTs. No somatic mutations were found within tyrosine-kinase–encoding exons of EGFR and ERBB2. However, at the protein level, expression of EGFR and erbB2 was frequently detected in MPNSTs. EGFR expression was significantly associated with increased EGFR gene dosage. The EGFR ligands transforming growth factor α and EGF were more strongly expressed in MPNSTs than in neurofibromas. The effects of the drugs erlotinib and trastuzumab, which target EGFR and erbB2, were determined on MPNST cell lines. In contrast to trastuzumab, erlotinib mediated dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation was attenuated by erlotinib. Summarized, our data indicate that EGFR and erbB2 are potential targets in treatment of MPNST patients.
Pain Management in Patients With Osteoarthritis—Reply
Authors: Jess H. Lonner
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Right of Privacy Protects the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ON JULY 3, 1989, the US Supreme Court issued its highly anticipated decision in<i>Webster v Reproductive Health Services</i>.<sup>1</sup>The level of anxiety and hope this case induced in supporters of different views on the abortion issue is expressed in the fact that more amicus curiae briefs were filed with the Court in this case than in any other case in history. This was the first abortion case to be heard by the Court with its new majority of more conservative justices, which includes the two judges who dissented in the Court's landmark abortion decision,<i>Roe v Wade</i>.<sup>2</sup>Indeed, both Missouri and the United States explicitly asked the Court to overrule<i>Roe</i>. For the most part, the specific provisions of the Missouri statute that were upheld involved the state's prohibition of the performance of abortions by public employees and in state-financed facilities. This comports with previous Court decisions
In vitro demonstration of specific immunological hypersensitivity to scabies mite
Authors: EDVARD S. FALK, ROALD BOLLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

An extract prepared from 200 adult female scabies mites was used for prick and intracutaneous testing in twelve patients with previous scabies infestation, as well as in six healthy controls and three persons with skin sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus who had never had scabies before. Seven individuals who had had scabies less than a year prior to the testing had positive intracutaneous (immediate type) reactions, whereas all the five who had had scabies more than a year before had negative reactions. The prick tests were negative in all cases. No skin reactions could be evoked in the controls. The passive transfer, or Prausnitz-Küstner, test was positive with the scabies mite extract and serum from three of five patients tested on one healthy individual, and with both of two sera tested on a second healthy individual. These findings indicate that immediate type hypersensitivity reactions may occur with scabies infection.
PTU-041 Dedicated GI Bleed Services Result in a Significant Difference in Inpatient Mortality: a South Yorkshire Experience: Abstract PTU-041 Table 1
Authors: M Kurien, E F Wong, F Gohar, K L Dear, B Hoeroldt, K Kapur, A J Lobo, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute upper GI bleeding (AUGIB) is a common gastrointestinal problem associated with significant mortality.<sup>1</sup> Whilst numerous factors have been shown to influence mortality in these individuals including co-morbidity and time of bleeding, variation in local practises may have a bearing on outcomes. This study evaluates whether facilities provided at differing centres can influence outcomes of AUGIB, with findings compared to the BSG National Audit (Hearnshaw <i>et al</i> 2011). <h3>Methods</h3> Data was prospectively collected from five South Yorkshire hospitals (Northern General Hospital, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Rotherham District General Hospital, Chesterfield Royal Hospital and Barnsley District General Hospital) between Sept-Dec 2011. This included demographic, clinical and endoscopic findings in all AUGIB patients, alongside 30-day mortality outcomes. Patients were risk stratified using pre-endoscopy Rockall scores with comparisons made with national audit results using standardised mortality ratios (SMR). In addition, service provision for AUGIB within each unit was collected. χ2 analysis was used to compare categorical data, with p values &lt; 0.05 considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 796 patients (438 male, median age 65 years, range 16–86) were admitted at all sites with AUGIB during the 3-month study period. Of these patients, 33.7% (268/796) had a pre-endoscopy Rockall score of 6 or above, significantly higher than the 5.9% identified in the national audit (p = &lt; 0.001). All hospitals in South Yorkshire had out of hours (OOH) endoscopy rotas (national audit = 52%), a nurse on call rota (national audit = 37%) and facilities to undertake OOH endoscopy (national audit = 92%). Whilst no statistical difference was identified in mortality between individual hospitals in South Yorkshire (p = 0.406), both risk-standardised mortality ratios and inpatient mortality in South Yorkshire were significantly lower than national audit findings (Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite a higher pre-endoscopy Rockall Score in our cohort, both our risk adjusted mortality and inpatient mortality rates were significantly lower than the national audit findings. We believe that these outcomes are reflective of having dedicated GI bleed services, with provision and staffing of OOH endoscopy rotas, enabling us to provide quicker and more comprehensive services to our patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Immunostimulatory DNA mediates inhibition of eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity independent of natural killer cells in vivo
Authors: David H. Broide, Greg Stachnick, Diego Castaneda, Jyothi Nayar, Marina Miller, Jae Cho, Monica Rodriquez, Mark Roman, Eyal Raz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
IL-1β-Mediated Repression of microRNA-101 Is Crucial for Inflammation-Promoted Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Lin Wang, Ling-Fei Zhang, Jing Wu, Shu-Jun Xu, Yang-Yang Xu, Dangsheng Li, Jia-Tao Lou, Mo-Fang Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inflammatory stimuli clearly contribute to lung cancer development and progression, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is dramatically elevated in the serum of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In vitro studies showed that IL-1β promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β acted through the COX2–HIF1α pathway to repress the expression of microRNA-101 (miR-101), a microRNA with an established role in tumor suppression. Lin28B was identified as critical effector target of miR-101 with its repression of Lin28B, a critical aspect of tumor suppression. Overall, IL-1β upregulated Lin28B by downregulating miR-101. Interestingly, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by aspirin or celecoxib abrogated IL-1β-mediated repression of miR-101 and IL-1β-mediated activation of Lin28B along with their stimulatory effects on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Together, our findings defined an IL-1β–miR-101–Lin28B pathway as a novel regulatory axis of pathogenic inflammatory signaling in NSCLC. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4720–30. ©2014 AACR.