tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a palliative care service: problems and pitfalls
Authors: I R McWhinney, M J Bass, A Donner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To evaluate a palliative care home support team based on an inpatient unit.Randomised controlled trial with waiting list. Patients in the study group received the service immediately, those in the control group received it after one month. Main comparison point was at one month.A city of 300,000 people with a publicly funded home care service and about 200 general practitioners, most of whom provide home care.Pain and nausea levels were measured at entry to trial and at one month, as were quality of life for patients and care givers' health.Because of early deaths, problems with recruitment, and a low compliance rate for completion of questionnaires, the required sample size was not attained.In designing evaluations of palliative care services, investigators should be prepared to deal with the following issues: attrition due to early death, opposition to randomisation by patients and referral sources, ethical problems raised by randomisation of dying patients, the appropriate timing of comparison points, and difficulties of collecting data from sick or exhausted patients and care givers. Investigators may choose to evaluate a service from various perspectives using different methods: controlled trials, qualitative studies, surveys, and audits. Randomised trials may prove to be impracticable for evaluation of palliative care.
Clinical Therapy Using iPSCs: Hopes and Challenges
Authors: Xiao Lu, Tongbiao Zhao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by ectopic expression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells. They can undergo unlimited self-renewal and maintain the embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-like ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. iPSCs can potentially provide unlimited autologous cells for therapy and therefore hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Here we reviewed the recent advances in iPSC studies on disease modeling and clinical treatment as well as challenges correlated with clinical development of iPSCs, like tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and genomic instability.
TWO CASES OF DYSENTERY, TREATED BY THE LONG CONTINUED USE OF BLUE MASS, WITH PERMANENT BENEFIT TO HEALTH RESULTING THEREFROM.
Authors: EDWARD ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

During the summer of 1889,this section was visited by an epidemic of dysentery, with which the physicians here, myself among the number, were unable to cope. I tried everything recommended in works on practice, but was not satisfied with the result. I knew that my grandfather, a hundred years ago, used blue mass and opium in the treatment of this disease, but<i>how</i>to use it, I did<i>not knoiv</i>. After repeated experiments, I found the proper thing to do was to combine i gr. of opium with 2 grs. of blue mass in a pill, and give one pill every two hours until the patient recovered. On July 1, 1889, I was called upon to treat a lady, •56 years of age, all of whose family had dysentery, one son 20 years of age, having died a few days previously. She had had the disease ten days, and been
Do candy cigarettes encourage young people to smoke?
Authors: J. D Klein
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Advocates of public health care consider candy cigarettes (cigarette sweets) one example of the way in which international trademark or copyright laws are violated to promote tobacco products to children.1 2 People with vested interests in confectionery and tobacco have denied these claims and argued that restrictions on confectionery resembling tobacco products are unnecessary. We review recently available documents from the tobacco industry, which describe cooperation between the manufacturers of tobacco and candy cigarettes, ineffectual trademark enforcement, evidence that candy cigarettes may promote smoking, suppression of unfavourable findings from research sponsored by the confectionery industry, and successful attempts to avoid legislation or regulation.

#### Summary points

Candy products that mimic packaging of tobacco brands may promote smoking in young people

Executives of both the tobacco and confectionery industries have regarded candy cigarettes as good advertising to future smokers

Some tobacco companies granted confectioners permission to use cigarette pack designs and tolerated trademark infringement

Children who have used candy cigarettes are more likely to become smokers

Unfavourable research sponsored by the US candy cigarette industry was suppressed

Elimination of candy cigarettes and other confectionery resembling tobacco products may help achieve public health goals of reducing tobacco use in young people

We searched for items referring to “candy cigarettes” and related terms from several sources. We identified public documents, government records, and journal articles by using Nexis to search news articles in English from 1980 to 1999. We also searched indexed documents from the files of American Tobacco, the Council for Tobacco Research, the Tobacco Institute, Lorillard, Philip Morris, R J Reynolds, and Brown and Williamson (collected at the Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository). Of 571 documents identified, most were summaries of proceedings of distributor associations for tobacco and confectionery containing no references to candy cigarettes; 153 documents addressed candy cigarettes, and these were analysed. …
RUPTURE OF AN AORTIC ANEURYSM INTO THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
Authors: LAURENCE H. MAYERS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The study of the termination of aortic aneurysms is always of interest. Rupture is one of the occasional methods that lead to the death of the patient. A very unusual and noteworthy variety of this method is rupture into the superior vena cava. In this paper I add two cases and discuss the more salient points of diagnosis.  It is interesting as the literature runs to note that the cases are bunched, the report of one case being quickly followed by several others.  The clinical notes with postmortem findings (made by Dr. Edwin F. Hirsch) of the first case are given in detail. The report of the second case is meager in details but accurate in its statements. The illustrations were made from the specimens, which are now preserved in the pathologic museum of Northwestern University.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —A widow, aged 52, previously in good health, awaking
Effect of ischemia on calcium-dependent fluorescence transients in rabbit hearts containing indo 1. Correlation with monophasic action potentials and contraction.
Authors: H C Lee, R Mohabir, N Smith, M R Franz, W T Clusin
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The effects of acute global ischemia on cytosolic calcium transients were studied in perfused rabbit hearts loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator indo 1. Indo 1-loaded hearts were illuminated at 360 nm, and fluorescence was recorded simultaneously at 400 and 550 nm from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle. The F400/F550 ratio was calculated by an analog circuit, which allowed cancellation of optical motion artifact. Resulting calcium transients demonstrated a rapid upstroke and slow decay similar to those recorded in isolated ventricular myocytes. Global ischemia rapidly suppressed contraction, but it produced a concurrent increase in the systolic and diastolic levels of the calcium transients, together with an increase in the duration of the peak. The effects of ischemia were reversed by reperfusion, inhibited by verapamil, and mimicked by perfusion of nonischemic hearts with acidified (CO2-rich) solution. In addition to elevation of the calcium transients, ischemia caused a pattern of intracellular calcium alternans that was discernible after 2-3 minutes. The pattern of alternans was stable at a given epicardial site, but it could be out of phase at different sites. Similar nonuniformities were observed in contraction strength and in the duration of monophasic action potentials recorded immediately adjacent to the fiber-optic probe. Abnormalities in intracellular calcium may be a causal factor in the loss of electrical and mechanical synchrony in the acutely ischemic heart.
SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE
Authors: MAURICE LEWISON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

During recent years, our conception of heart disease has been rapidly advanced by the new knowledge gathered by two precise graphic methods: the polygraph, for which Mackenzie and his co-workers are responsible, and the electrocardiograph, perfected by Einthoven, with which most of the pioneer work has been done by Thomas Lewis. The information given us by these two methods has radically revised our knowledge of heart failure, and has profoundly altered our conceptions of prognosis and treatment. Although much of this newer knowledge is based on the results obtained by workers with these instruments of precision, after one has mastered the information taught, the use of them is not necessary for ordinary clinical work, and no less an authority than Thomas Lewis says: While the pursuit of graphic work by those who possess the special aptitude and a developing interest in the method is decidedly to be encouraged, yet it
Systemic Pathology, vol 1: Cardiovascular System
Authors: Daniel L. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The second edition of this major compendium of systemic pathology written by British authors will appear in four volumes. This, the first to be published, covers the cardiovascular system, the upper airways, and the lungs. Although the chapters show considerable variation in approach, all are of generally high quality. The general impact of the work is one of a comprehensive presentation of disease entities, illustrated by their morphological changes and discussed in terms of pathogenesis and clinical correlation. The chapter on the heart is a revision of the late Dr G. Payling Wright's presentation in the first edition and is a superlative memorial to him. The large section on the lungs is one of the finest general discussions of the pathology and abnormal physiology of pulmonary disease available today, barring specialized extended studies. Crawford on arteries, veins, and lymphatics and Porter on hypertension offer well-thought-out presentations. The sections on the
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Promote Malignant Growth of Cells from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Claudia M. Gutschalk, Christel C. Herold-Mende, Norbert E. Fusenig, Margareta M. Mueller
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are used to ameliorate cancer therapy-induced neutropenia and mucositis. Yet, first data in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) indicate an impaired long-term prognosis on G-CSF treatment, and previous studies showed a contribution of both factors to the progression of human epithelial tumors. Therefore, we investigate the role of G-CSF and GM-CSF in progression of tumor cells from human HNSCC. Both factors stimulated proliferation and migration of tumor cell lines established from patient tumors expressing G-CSF and GM-CSF and/or their receptors. Blockade of G-CSF and GM-CSF inhibited tumor cell invasion in a three-dimensional organotypic culture model. The contribution of both factors to tumor malignancy was further confirmed in nude mouse transplants in vivo. Invasive and malignant growth yielding a similar tumor phenotype as the original patient tumor was exclusively observed in G-CSF- and GM-CSF-expressing tumors and was associated with enhanced and persistent angiogenesis and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment. Although factor-negative tumors grew somewhat faster, they were characterized by lack of invasion, reduced and transient angiogenesis, and large necrotic areas. These data provide evidence for a progression-promoting effect of G-CSF and GM-CSF in human HNSCC and suggest further detailed evaluation of their use in the therapy of these tumors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 8026-36)
A 9-Valent HPV Vaccine against Infection and Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women
Authors: Elmar A. Joura, Anna R. Giuliano, Ole-Erik Iversen, Celine Bouchard, Constance Mao, Jesper Mehlsen, Edson D. Moreira, Yuen Ngan, Lone Kjeld Petersen, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Jaime Alberto Restrepo, Gavin Stuart, Linn Woelber, Yuh Cheng Yang, Jack Cuzick, Suzanne M. Garland, Warner Huh, Susanne K. Kjaer, Oliver M. Bautista, Ivan S.F. Chan, Joshua Chen, Richard Gesser, Erin Moeller, Michael Ritter, Scott Vuocolo, Alain Luxembourg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The investigational 9-valent viruslike particle vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) includes the HPV types in the quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine (6, 11, 16, and 18) and five additional oncogenic types (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). Here we present the results of a study of the efficacy and immunogenicity of the 9vHPV vaccine in women 16 to 26 years of age.
Time-Extended Group Therapy Sessions in a Remote Setting
Authors: JOHN RECKLESS, DAVID HAWKINS, ALEXANDRA FAUNTLEROY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

This preliminary report draws attention to an innovative group therapy technique that may be beneficial to couples with sexual and emotional difficulties and that may lend itself to more intensive, effective treatment of shorter duration than traditional modes of marital therapy. The authors caution, however, that it should be attempted only by well-trained therapists with a stable working relationship and only with a cohesive, mutually supportive group.
Applications of physiologic pharmacokinetic modeling in carcinogenic risk assessment.
Authors: D Krewski, J R Withey, L F Ku, M E Andersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models has been proposed as a means of estimating the dose of the reactive metabolites of carcinogenic xenobiotics reaching target tissues, thereby affording an opportunity to base estimates of potential cancer risk on tissue dose rather than external levels of exposure. In this article, we demonstrate how a PBPK model can be constructed by specifying mass-balance equations for each physiological compartment included in the model. In general, this leads to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with which to characterize the compartment system. These equations then can be solved numerically to determine the concentration of metabolites in each compartment as functions of time. In the special case of a linear pharmacokinetic system, we present simple closed-form expressions for the area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) in individual tissue compartments. A general relationship between the AUC in blood and other tissue compartments is also established. These results are of use in identifying those parameters in the models that characterize the integrated tissue dose, and which should therefore be the primary focus of sensitivity analyses. Applications of PBPK modeling for purposes of tissue dosimetry are reviewed, including models developed for methylene chloride, ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane, 1-nitropyrene, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. Special considerations in PBPK modeling related to aging, topical absorption, pregnancy, and mixed exposures are discussed. The linkage between pharmacokinetic models used for tissue dosimetry and pharmacodynamic models for neoplastic transformation of stem cells in the target tissue is explored.
Favorable Long-Term Survival Following Induction Chemotherapy With Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin and Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: E. E. Vokes, R. R. Weichselbaum, R. Mick, J.-M. McEvilly, D. J. Haraf, W. R. Panje
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : The majority of patients with head and neck cancer die of locoregional rescurrence of disease following surgery and/or radiotherapy. Purpose : Our purpose was to administer induction chemotherapy, perform surgery, and administer concomitant chemoradiotherapy in rapid sequence and to evaluate their impact on locoregional and distant tumor control. Methods : Sixty-four patients with previously untreated, Locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer received two cycles of cisplatin, Bleomycin, and methotrexate (PBM) (33 patients) or cisplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (PEL) (31patients). PFL was given to patients who were unable to receive bleomycin. Local therapy consisted of surgery and/or concomitant chemoradiotherapy with 5-FU, hydroxyurea, leucovorin, and radiotherapy (FHX-L), all administered every other week. Results : Complete and overall induction response rates were 21% and 79%, respectively, for PBM and 29% and 81%, respectively, for PFL. At completion of local therapy, 81% of the patients were disease-free. With a median follow-up of 35 months, the mddian survival and time to progression are 22 and 17 months, respectively, for PBM and have not been reached for PFL. Locoregional recurrence of disease is 30% for PBM and 26% for PFL. Distant disease progression is 24% for PBM and only 3% for PFL. Conclusions : The sequencing of induction chemotheraphy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy is feasible and results in a high local control rate and in an encouraging survival rate with PFL. The high distant failure (i.e, outside the head and neck area) rate of PBM suggests insufficient systemic activity for that regimen. Implications : Concomitant FHX-L chemoradiotherapy may improve regional control arates of advanced head and neck cancer. Effective systemic therapy may be needed to control systemic micrometastases. PFL, but not PBM, appears to be suitable to accomplish that goal. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:877–882, 1992]
(38) Parasitophobia and linear IgA disease
Authors: S.E. Thomas, R.E. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (38) Parasitophobia and linear IgA disease Get access S.E. Thomas, Drs, S.E. Thomas, Drs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.E. Church R.E. Church Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Pages 83–84, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07733.x Published: 01 July 1986
Immunoreactive endothelin in bronchial biopsy specimens: Increased expression in asthma and modulation by corticosteroid therapy☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Anthony E. Redington, David R. Springall, Qing-Hai Meng, Angela B. Tuck, Stephen T. Holgate, Julia M. Polak, Peter H. Howarth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
CASE OF POISONING BY HEADACHE POWDERS (SHAC).
Authors: A. M. ROOKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Relative to the article inThe Journal<sup>1</sup>on Steam's headache cure (Shac), I report the following case of poisoning as the result of the use of this preparation by a patient who recently came under my care: <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. S., aged 45, who had often suffered from headache, but had never previously taken any proprietary remedies for its relief, was induced to take a Steam's headache wafer by her daughter who had been using them. About half an hour after taking it she began to feel faint and dizzy, and in another half hour had lapsed into total unconsciousness. <h3>Examination.</h3> —When seen the patient was still unconscious. The face was somewhat cyanotic, skin was moist, pupils were normal, respiration was slow and shallow, pulse was of fairly good quality though increased in frequency; the pulmonary second sound was greatly accentuated. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —Under full doses of strychnin and atropin hypodermatically,
Impact of a Clinical Guideline for Prescribing Antibiotics to Inpatients with Reported Penicillin or Cephalosporin Allergies
Authors: Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Erica S. Shenoy, Christy Varughese, Shelley Hurwitz, David Hooper, Aleena Banerji
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Immunological and polyfunctional T cell profiling following therapy with DPX-Survivac as a predictive tool of vaccine efficacy
Authors: Mohan Karkada, Mieko Ogura, Vivian Tovar, Masato Mitsuhashi, Neil Berinstein, Marc Mansour
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Predicting the likelihood of a clinical outcome using biomarkers during the course of a cancer immunotherapy can be a powerful tool for time-sensitive decision making on personalized treatment options. In a clinical trial with the survivin-targeting vaccine DPX-Survivac, we showed
Treatment of concurrent OSA may benefit patients with heart failure
Authors: I Chakravorty
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Kaneko Y, Floras JS, Usui K, et al . Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med2003;348:1233–41 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), recurrent episodes of transient asphyxia or increased effort of breathing against a partially obstructed glottis have been shown to increase the sympathomimetic outflow. There is a consequent absence of the customary reduction in systemic blood pressure and heart rate during sleep and an elevation of daytime systolic blood … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DKaneko%26rft.auinit1%253DY.%26rft.volume%253D348%26rft.issue%253D13%26rft.spage%253D1233%26rft.epage%253D1241%26rft.atitle%253DCardiovascular%2BEffects%2Bof%2BContinuous%2BPositive%2BAirway%2BPressure%2Bin%2BPatients%2Bwith%2BHeart%2BFailure%2Band%2BObstructive%2BSleep%2BApnea%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJM200303273481327%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12660387%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJM200303273481327&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12660387&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F6%2F509.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000181790800005&link_type=ISI
T-Cell Intestinal Lymphoma Associated with Celiac Sprue
Authors: Thomas P. Loughran, Marshall E. Kadin, H. Joachim Deeg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A patient with a long history of celiac sprue developed a pleomorphic intestinal lymphoma. Cell suspensions of tumor cells and immunoperoxidase labeling of cell surface antigens in frozen tissue sections clearly showed the lymphoma to be of T-cell origin, despite the presence of other nontumor cells bearing enzyme markers of histiocytes. These findings may have important implications on the cellular origin of lymphomas developing in patients with celiac sprue.
A Trial of the Direct Method for Determining the Tensions of O2 and CO2 in Blood
Authors: S. J. G. Semple, I. M. Young
Journal: Thorax (1959)

There is a demand for a quick and reliable method for determining the tensions of 02 and CO2 in arterial and venous blood in the investigation of pulmonary and cardiac function.The direct bubble equilibration method described by Riley, Proemmel, and Franke (1945) seems to answer this demand, for within about 30 minutes duplicate analyses may be performed, only 3 ml. of blood is required, and the equipment is simple and relatively inexpensive.But the reliability of the method is in question, for a number of modifications have been reported both from the authors' laboratories (Brinkman, Johns, Donoso, and Riley, 1954; Riley, Campbell, and Shepard, 1957), and from others (Lambertsen, Bunce, Drabkin, and Schmidt, 1952; Filley, Gay, and Wright, 1954; Bjork and Hilty, 1954).The purpose of this investigation was to carry out a further trial of the technique and to assess its value for routine investigation and research.