tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequent activating <i> <scp>HRAS</scp> </i> mutations in trichilemmoma
Authors: J.‐H. Tsai, W.‐C. Huang, J.‐Y. Jhuang, Y.‐M. Jeng, M.‐L. Cheng, H.‐Y. Chiu, K.‐T. Kuo, J.‐Y. Liau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Trichilemmoma is a benign follicular epithelial tumour exhibiting outer root sheath differentiation. It is associated with Cowden syndrome and naevus sebaceus (NS), but the pathogenesis of sporadic tumours is poorly understood. Recently, NS was found to be caused by postzygotic HRAS or KRAS mutations.We sought to determine whether NS-related and NS-unrelated trichilemmomas harbour RAS mutations.Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of 12 NS-related and 15 NS-unrelated trichilemmomas from 26 individuals were retrieved and analysed to determine the presence of mutations in exons 1 and 2 of the HRAS, KRAS and NRAS genes by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Mutational hotspots of the FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes were also analysed for NS-unrelated cases.Among the 27 cases, mutually exclusive HRAS c.37G>C and c.182A>G mutations were observed in 17 and three tumours, respectively. Of the 12 NS-related tumours, 11 (92%) harboured the HRAS c.37G>C substitution. Of the 15 sporadic tumours, nine (60%) harboured HRAS mutations, including six c.37G>C and three c.182A>G. An HRAS c.182A>G mutation was observed only in sporadic tumours. No mutations were observed in the other genes that were tested.The high frequency of HRAS activating mutations, including the c.182A>G substitution, which was rather rare in NS, suggests that most trichilemmomas are authentic neoplasms.
CT of the Airways
Authors: Thomas F. Heston
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From simulation to innovation
Authors: K. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The purpose of the BMJ Group’s award for excellence in healthcare education is to “recognise an individual or team who has demonstrated outstanding leadership and/or innovation in healthcare education and performance improvement.” Four teams and one individual were shortlisted out of a strong field, and all have a fighting chance of carrying off the prize.

The first two shortlisted candidates led projects that concentrated on simulation. When I was a junior doctor, simulation meant thumping the chest of a “Resusc Annie” on the floor of a postgraduate education centre; it then progressed to simulated accident and emergency units; and now both the first two candidates have brought simulation to new levels.

The Simulation and Technology-enhanced Learning Initiative (STeLI), the flagship initiative of the London Deanery, helps support the “excellence in education” strategy of the London Deanery and NHS London. The usual suspects in simulation are surgery and emergency medicine, but STeLI is significantly widening the scope of simulation: it runs simulation sessions in psychiatry, general practice, and pathology and is working to ensure …
TRACHOMA AMONG THE NATIVES OF THE MOUNTAINS OF EASTERN KENTUCKY
Authors: J. A. STUCKY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

For more than twenty-five years, a large and rapidly increasing number of cases of trachoma, with many of the devastating sight-destroying sequelae, have been coming to me from the mountains of eastern Kentucky. I was impressed with the genuineness, the simplicity, honesty and sincerity of the large majority of those so afflicted—and the fact that very few of them had the first rudiments of a common school education, indeed, few of them could read or write, and many were unfamiliar with the alphabet. Often I would see the patients only once—there being no funds to maintain them or provision of any kind available for keeping them in the hospital for treatment. After a few months many of them would return with complete destruction of the eye or with impaired vision beyond restoration.  Besides this class of cases many were brought with most extensive and complicated suppuration and destruction of the
Public response to the Isaacs report will slow neurological research
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Researchers and charities working in mental health are concerned that the emotional response by the media and the general public to the Isaacs report will reduce human brain tissue available for research.

Dr David Dexter, scientific director of the UK Parkinson's Disease Society's tissue bank in London, said: “There is no doubt that this is bad news for tissue banks, even though we use correct informed consent procedures. People …
Computerized Body Tomography With the ACTA Scanner
Authors: Homer L. Twigg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

COMPUTERIZED tomographic (CT) scanning has been established as a valuable diagnostic examination for intracranial disease.<sup>1-6</sup>The EMI scanner developed by Godfrey Hounsfield in England has been in clinical operation in the United States since 1973. The ACTA scanner, developed at Georgetown University Medical Center by Robert S. Ledley, DDS, has been operational since February 1974. It was the first CT equipment applicable to other parts of the body, as well as the brain. A modification of the computer program and the scanner mechanism permitted scanning to be performed without a water bath or other absorption-equilibrating medium around the body part being examined. The ability of the new Georgetown unit to apply this radiographic technique to the entire body has opened many new areas for clinical investigation and application. This report on our first year of experience with the ACTA scanner emphasizes the extracerebral (pertaining to all parts of the
ABC of emergency radiology. Cervical spine--I.
Authors: P A Driscoll, R Ross, D A Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This chapter describes an effective system by which non-radiologists can analyse cervical spine ......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~radiographs and detect even the subtle signs requires the clinician to be familiar with the basic anatomy of the cervical spine and understand how its structure can be damaged.FIG i-Lateral and aerial view of a cervical vertebrae. Anatomy AdultThe cervical vertabrae are held together by a series of ligaments and paravertebral muscles, with the overall stability depending mainly on the .........V......
Changes in Breast Density Associated With Initiation, Discontinuation, and Continuing Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Carolyn M. Rutter, Margaret T. Mandelson, Mary B. Laya, Deborah J. Seger, Stephen Taplin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextInitiation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to increase breast density. Evidence exists that increased breast density decreases mammographic sensitivity. The effects on breast density of discontinuing and continuing HRT have not been studied systematically.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of initiation, discontinuation, and continued use of HRT on breast density in postmenopausal women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational cohort study of 5212 naturally postmenopausal women aged 40 to 96 years and enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in western Washington State who had 2 screening mammograms between 1996 and 1998.Main Outcome MeasuresBreast density, assessed using the clinical radiologists' BI-RADS 4-point scale, compared among women who did not use HRT before either mammogram (nonusers); who used HRT before the first but not before the second mammogram (discontinuers); who used HRT before the second but not before the first mammogram (initiators); and who used HRT prior to both mammograms (continuing users).ResultsRelative to nonusers, women who initiated HRT were more likely to show increases in breast density (relative risk [RR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-3.08), while women who discontinued HRT use were more likely to show decreases in density (RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.06-2.98) and women who continued to use HRT were more likely to show both increases in density (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55) and sustained high density (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.33-1.58).ConclusionsThese results indicate that breast density changes associated with HRT are dynamic, increasing with initiation, and decreasing with discontinuation.
Connexin 43 expression of foreign body giant cells after implantation of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite
Authors: Katja Herde, Sonja Hartmann, Ralph Brehm, Olaf Kilian, Christian Heiss, Anne Hild, Volker Alt, Martin Bergmann, Reinhard Schnettler, Sabine Wenisch
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Elevation of neuronal expression of NAIP reduces ischemic damage in the rat hippocampus
Authors: D.G. Xu, S.J. Crocker, J.-P. Doucet, M. St-Jean, K. Tamai, A.M. Hakim, J.-E. Ikeda, P. Liston, C.S. Thompson, R.G. Korneluk, A. Mackenzie, G.S. Robertson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
National Institutes of Health Consensus Report on Precursors to Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Henry T. Lynch, Ramon M. Fusaro
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE USE of accurate information in cancer genetics can aid the physician immeasurably in cancer-control efforts. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus report dealing with precursors to malignant melanoma<sup>1</sup>failed to address certain evidence available about the genetics, tumor spectrum, and clinical facets of the natural history of the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome. This term is synonymous with the hereditary dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) but is older and descriptive of all factors (clinical, genetic, and histological), while DNS is only a histological term. In addition, nevi may be absent, as will be discussed later, but the syndrome with its malignant potential can still be present. Thus, DNS is genetically inappropriate, as it does not describe the clinical spectrum of the FAMMM syndrome.<sup>2</sup> The report implied that the large atypical mole is distinctive of the FAMMM syndrome and is the sole cutaneous marker for this
Erythema annulare centrifugum associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: I. Helbling, R. Walewska, M.J.S. Dyer, M. Bamford, K.E. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Many conditions have been described as causing or being associated with erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC).1 We describe a patient in whom the simultaneous diagnoses of EAC and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were made, an association not previously reported. A 74‐year‐old woman presented to the Department of Dermatology with a 3‐week history of pruritic skin lesions affecting her upper back, upper arms, buttocks and thighs. On examination, there were several annular and arcuate erythematous plaques with central clearing and no scales (Fig. 1), consistent with an annular erythema. She was concurrently referred with a lymphocytosis and diagnosed as having stage A(0) CLL, which did not require active treatment. The white cell count was 16·2 × 109 L−1 (normal 4·0–11·0 × 109) with a lymphocytosis of 7·5 × 109 L−1 (normal 1·0–4·0 × 109). The leukaemic cells expressed an immunophenotype consistent with CLL (CD19+/CD5+, CD23+ and weak surface immunoglobulin) but unexpectedly expressed CD20 and FMC7 strongly. Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization studies showed trisomy 12 as the sole abnormality in 24% of cells.
A GAUZE-RUBBER SPONGE.
Authors: EVERETT MINGUS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Flat gauze sponges lined on one side with thin rubber tissue such as is used for a dental dam, or preferably thinner, are of special value and afford great protection against soiling the abdominal cavity with escaping contents of the hollow viscera and other infective material during operations in this region. When a coil of intestine is brought out for the purpose of anastomosis or similar work which involves the opening of its lumen, there is considerable danger of the contents passing through an ordinary sponge packing and infecting surrounding structures. The chances for this unfortunate accident to occur are greatly minimized, if not wholly prevented, by the use of gauze sponges lined on one side with rubber, the rubber side being placed down. The rubber forms a positive barrier against infective material going completely through, as is liable to occur with an ordinary gauze packing. A sponge of this
Postherpetic Pudendal Neuralgia
Authors: Elliott J. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—Report of a Case.—</h3> Over the past 20 years, a 50-year-old man has had several attacks of nearly unbearable pain and discomfort in the groin, perineum, testes, urethra, anal and perianal regions, and the upper anterior portion of the thighs. Although results of the examination of urine, rectum, and lower genitourinary tract had been normal, urologists attempted treating him for "prostatism," using antimicrobials and antispasmotics. These efforts were ineffective, and in the course of several weeks the symptoms would gradually abate. The most recent attack was the most severe, and after a month of ineffective treatment, the possibility of pudendal neuralgia, like the familiar trigeminal neuralgia secondary to herpetic inflammation, was considered. He had had herpes simplex virus type 2 a few years before the first attack, but there has not been signs of active infection in several years. Titers subsequent to the initial infection were moderately high
When Should Children with HIV Infection Be Started on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Steven B Welch, Di Gibb
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically improved the prognosis for both adults and children infected with HIV who had access to treatment. However, the optimal timing for initiating treatment remains controversial, particularly in children. This debate lays out the case for deferred treatment against the case for early initiation of HAART in children.
Molecular phylogeny and morphological homoplasy in fruitbats
Authors: Y. Alvarez, J. Juste, E. Tabares, A. Garrido-Pertierra, C. Ibanez, J. M. Bautista
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The present study evaluates the evolutionary framework of the Old World fruitbats based on the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene sequences from a wide range of taxa. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that morphology-based subfamilies and most suprageneric groups are nonnatural assemblages. They also support the existence of an endemic African clade of fruitbats. The discrepancy between the evolutionary relationships yielded by molecular and morphological data sets may be, at least in part, explained by the recurrent retention of primitive morphology (Rousettus-like) across different lineages. The maintenance of primitive characters in different groups of flying foxes, as well as morphological convergence in nectar-feeding bats and possibly also in short-muzzle bats, may have led to high levels of homoplasy, resulting in misleading taxonomic arrangements. This may be particularly so with respect to high taxonomic levels based on morphological characters.
Spatiotemporal monitoring of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the Netherlands using citizen science
Authors: L. A. de Weger, P. S. Hiemstra, E. Op den Buysch, A. J. H. van Vliet
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Airborne pollen is a major symptom trigger in allergic rhinitis patients, but the impact of pollen differs among patients and regions and is influenced by environmental factors. To study these complex relationships, there is a need for data on the severity of symptoms in space and time. 'Citizen science' is increasingly recognized as an effective tool to monitor changes in our environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a citizen science-based survey to monitor spatiotemporal variation in allergic rhinitis symptoms. Methods Participants were recruited through the Web site Allergieradar.nl. After registering by completing an extensive questionnaire, they entered (preferably daily) their symptoms of eyes, nose, and lungs on a scale from 1 to 10, as well as their geographic location. Results The registration questionnaire revealed that the majority of the participants (77%) had physician-diagnosed hay fever and 65% of the participants had been tested positively for their allergy. This study shows that the symptom scores of the participants are related to (i) pollen concentrations in the air, (ii) the self-reported sensitivity profile, and (iii) the sales of prescription antihistamines in the Netherlands. Conclusion Our data indicate that the collection of allergic rhinitis symptom data by 'citizen science' is feasible and has an added value in studies on the impact of pollen.
Patient reported causes of fatigue in relation to adjuvant radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery.
Authors: ST Langkjer, M Rucinska
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4094 Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms experienced by cancer patients, and it adversely affects the quality of life. Fatigue is multidimensional and associated with the malignancy itself, but also with anti-neoplastic treatment and probably with several other causes. The aim of the study was to assess the level of fatigue during and after adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients and to uncover the kind of factors believed by patients to play a role in the generation of fatigue in relation to radiotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 70 patients (ages 33-76 years, mean 57 years) with early-stage breast cancer were included after breast conserving surgery. Patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (48Gy/24 fractions/5 weeks; 20 patients received boost 10Gy/5 fractions/1 week with tumor-bed). The subjective feeling of fatigue was measured according to the 10-score visual analog scale (VAS). RTOG Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria (0-4) were used for the estimation of the acute skin reaction.&amp;#x2028; Results: 53% of the patients demonstrated no fatigue (VAS 0-1) before the start of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. Patients after adjuvant chemotherapy manifested a little higher level of fatigue; there were no differences between patients with or without anti estrogen therapy. Fatigue intensity increased gradually during radiotherapy, but about 1/3 of the patients felt no fatigue. The majority of the patients reported radiotherapy as a cause of fatigue (33 of 47 patients (70%) with fatigue VAS ≥ 2 at the end of radiotherapy). 25% of the patients believed that their fatigue was still associated with previously given adjuvant chemotherapy, but in fact, the patients after chemotherapy did not demonstrate a higher fatigue level at the end of the radiotherapy course. 5 patients (10%) associated their fatigue with the anti estrogen therapy. There was correlation between fatigue level and intensity of radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity – patients with strong acute skin reaction demonstrated a higher fatigue level. But only 8 patients (17%) indicated the skin reaction as a cause of fatigue. Fatigue level was associated with traveling time to the hospital, especially when the journey took 2 hours or more/day. 45% of the patients gave the transport time to the hospital as a reason for fatigue.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Fatigue increased over the course of adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer patients after breast conserving surgery. Fatigue seems to be multidimensional, but most of the patients indicate radiotherapy treatment as the cause of fatigue. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4094.
Expert witnesses, courts and the law
Authors: J M Walshe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss and Ananda Hall (September 2002 JRSM1) blame medical expert witnesses for delays in reaching a settlement. They state ‘Medical experts must get their reports out in time...’. I fully agree that the time taken for complainants to get a satisfactory settlement is unacceptable, but to blame the medical professional alone is hardly fair. Let me narrate a recent, and ongoing, experience.

In November 1999 the parents of patient A approached their solicitors to lodge a complaint against their doctor on behalf of their son, who they said had been negligently treated. The solicitors approached a consultant paediatrician to see if he would act on their behalf. Having considered the relevant documents he suggested an alternative expert witness. On 28 December of the same year I was asked to act. I agreed to review the documents and write a report together with my opinion on the viability of the claim, replying on 5 January 2000. On 9 February I received a pile of photocopied notes 9 cm thick, in some chaos and not all legible. I sent my report on 25 February—hardly an unreasonable delay. On 7 April I examined the patient and sent my report on 11 April. On 18 December I was asked to agree a date for a conference with Counsel to consider the case. This, in my view, was an unreasonable delay. The date fixed was 26 February 2001. At this meeting it was agreed that junior counsel would make a further abstract of certain parts of the notes. By the middle of April this had not taken place. I therefore made the necessary abstraction and sent this to the solicitors on 25 April. In August I was asked to attend a video conference which took place at the end of the month. At this I pointed out to the solicitors that they had already lost one of their medical experts through death and if the case continued to drag on they ran a real risk of losing another. I was assured that I looked healthy (nice to know). On 29 September I requested that my fees, now long overdue, be paid, and again on 10 December; payment was finally received on 17 December. I was then asked to provide a further statement in accordance with the new Civil Procedures Rule and it was suggested that a local solicitor should visit me to help with this new assignment. The meeting took place on 26 February this year and the statement was posted on 25 March. Since then there has been no obvious progress. This case has now dragged on for two years and nine months since I was first approached and the delays have all been on the part of the complainant's legal team or the defence.
Enhancement of in vitro permeability of porcine buccal mucosa by bile salts: kinetic and histological studies
Authors: S. Senel, A.J. Hoogstraate, F. Spies, J.C. Verhoef, A. Bos-van Geest, H.E. Junginger, H.E. Boddé
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1994)
U-SHAPED CONTRACTION PATTERN DERIVED BY CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE PREDICTS CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-CLASSIC ELECTROCARDIOGRAM PATTERNS
Authors: Gregory Hartlage, Jonathan Suever, Stephanie Clement-Guinaudeau, Patrick Strickland, Patrick Magrath, John Oshinski, Michael Lloyd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)