tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Antioxidants and Asthma in Adults
Authors: SEIF O. SHAHEEN, JONATHAN A. C. STERNE, RACHEL L. THOMPSON, CHRISTINA E. SONGHURST, BARRIE M. MARGETTS, PETER G. J. BURNEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

A protective role for dietary antioxidants in asthma has been proposed. However, epidemiological evidence to implicate antioxidant vitamins is weak, and data on the role of flavonoid-rich foods and antioxidant trace elements are lacking. We carried out a population-based case–control study in South London, UK, to investigate whether asthma is less common and less severe in adults who consume more dietary antioxidants. Participants were aged 16–50 yr and registered with 40 general practices. Asthma was defined by positive responses to a standard screening questionnaire in 1996, and complete information about usual diet was obtained by food frequency questionnaire from 607 cases and 864 controls in 1997. After controlling for potential confounding factors and total energy intake, apple consumption was negatively associated with asthma (odds ratio [OR] per increase in frequency group 0.89 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82 to 0.97]; p = 0.006). Intake of selenium was also negatively associated with asthma (OR per quintile increase 0.84 [0.75 to 0.94]; p = 0.002). Red wine intake was negatively associated with asthma severity. The associations between apple and red wine consumption and asthma may indicate a protective effect of flavonoids. The findings for dietary selenium could have implications for health policy in Britain where intake has been declining.
Biological mechanisms that trigger breast cancer (BC) tumor progression are molecular subtype dependent
Authors: C. Sotiriou, C. Desmedt, B. Haibe-Kains, A. Harris, D. Larsimont, M. Buyse, P. Wirapati, M. Delorenzi, G. Bontempi, M. Piccart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10581 Background: We have recently developed several gene expression indices related to hallmarks of breast cancer involving various biological processes such as tumor invasion, impairment of immune response, sustained angiogenesis, evasion of apoptosis and self- sufficiency in growth signal, and investigated their impact on clinical outcome. Here, we aim to refine our biological understanding and the prognostic impact of these indices according to the previously described molecular subtypes based on the estrogen (ER) and ERBB2 receptors. Methods: Each of these indices were developed in a series of 581 BC samples and then computed on several publicly available microarray studies totaling over 2100 BC patients. Multivariate analyses were used to study the dependency patterns between these indices, the molecular subtypes and their impact on survival. Results: ER-/ERBB2- and ERBB2+ subgroups were significantly associated with high expression levels of the proliferation, tumor invasion, angiogenesis and immune response indices. Multivariate analysis showed that in the ER+/ERBB2- subgroup, only tumor size and the proliferation and tumor invasion indices were significantly associated with clinical outcome, with the proliferation index having the largest HR and most significant p-value (HR 3.25; CI 2.31–4.56; p=1.2 10 -11 ). In contrast, in the ER-/ERBB2- subgroup, only tumor size (HR 2.08; CI 1.14–3.81; p=0.01) and immune response index (HR 0.66; CI 0.46–0.95; p=0.02) were associated with prognosis whereas in the ERBB2+ tumors only nodal status (HR 3.40; CI 0.96–12.10; p=0.05) and tumor invasion index (HR 3.03; CI 1.32–6.95; p=0.009) showed significant association with survival. Of interest, proliferation index lost its significance as almost all ER- /ERBB2- and ERBB2 + tumors showed high proliferation levels. Conclusions: Although proliferation seems to be the strongest parameter predicting clinical outcome in ER+/ERBB2- subtype, immune response and tumor invasion appear to be the main molecular mechanisms associated with prognosis in the ER-/ERBB2- and ERBB2+ subgroups respectively. Defining these clinico-genomic models in the specific molecular subgroups will be the key to success for personalized medicine. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
D-cycloserine added to clozapine for patients with schizophrenia
Authors: D C Goff, G Tsai, D S Manoach, J Flood, D G Darby, J T Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The effects of D-cycloserine added to clozapine were assessed and compared with previous results for D-cycloserine plus conventional neuroleptics.Ten schizophrenic outpatients receiving clozapine entered consecutive 2-week trials of placebo and D-cycloserine at 5, 15, 50, and 250 mg/day. Clinical evaluations were videotaped and scored by a rater blind to the sequence of assessments.There was a significant dose effect of D-cycloserine on scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS); the 50-mg dose produced a mean 21% increase in SANS score. The patients had significantly higher baseline serum glutamate concentrations than the patients receiving typical neuroleptics in the previous trial. Baseline glutamate level and change in glycine level significantly correlated with response of negative symptoms to 50-mg D-cycloserine.The improvement of negative symptoms with D-cycloserine previously observed in patients receiving typical neuroleptics did not occur in patients treated with clozapine.
Physical function and ability, ADL, and health-related QOL of COPD patients with specific exercise tolerance
Authors: Jun Horie, Shojiro Egoshi, Kouichiro Takahashi, Shin-ichiro Hayashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction  Although a large number of previous studies reported a positive correlation between the respiratory function and exercise tolerance, such a finding is frequently inconsistent with those from daily medical services.  Objective  To compare the physical function and ability, ADL, and health-related QOL between patients with a favorable respiratory function and poor exercise tolerance and those with a poor respiratory function and favorable exercise tolerance, while defining them as ″patients with specific exercise tolerance″.  Methods  Among 165 COPD patients, 21 showing a %FEV1 of 50% or more and ISWD of 250 m or less (poor-specific group) and 47 showing a %FEV1 of less than 50% and ISWD of 251 m or more (favorable-specific group) were studied.  On measurement, %FEV1 and ISWD were used as the main indices, and the BMI, %FVC, FEV1%, IC, percentages of predicted maximum expiratory (%MEP) and inspiratory (%MIP) pressures, hand grip/body weight ratio, strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle (%GP and %QF), duration of one-leg standing, maximum walking speed, 6MWD, Timed up go time (TUG), Nagasaki University Respiratory ADL Questionnaire (NRADL), and SGRQ scores were used as explanatory indices.  Results  In the poor-specific group, %FVC (p  Conclusion  It may be possible to maintain the physical function and ability, as well as ADL, by training to maintain exercise tolerance even in advanced cases with a poor respiratory function.
Antiviral activity of azithromycin in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells
Authors: Aline Schoegler, Brigitte S. Kopf, Ricardo J. Muster, Elisabeth Kieninger, Carmen Casaulta, Andreas Jung, Alexander Moeller, Thomas Geiser, Nicolas Regamey, Marco P. Alves
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Virus-associated pulmonary exacerbations, most predominantly caused by rhinoviruses (RV), contribute to cystic fibrosis (CF) morbidity. However, there are only few therapeutic options to treat and/or prevent virus-induced CF pulmonary exacerbations. Recent evidence suggests that the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) has antiviral properties in RV-infected primary human bronchial epithelial cells. We hypothesize that AZM induces antiviral mechanisms in primary CF bronchial epithelial cells.  Primary bronchial epithelial cells from CF children were pretreated with AZM and infected with RV. Viral RNA, interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), RV pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressions were measured by RT-qPCR. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. Cell death was evaluated by Flow cytometry.  After AZM pretreatment, RV load was 7-fold reduced in CF bronchial cells compared to untreated cells (median [interquartile range] 10 6  copies/reaction: 8.13 [5.28-34.4] vs. 56.8 [18.4-81.5]; p=0.001). The decreased RV load was not due to AZM-induced cytotoxicity in CF bronchial cells. Furthermore, AZM pretreatment significantly increased RV1B-induced IFNs and ISGs, and also PRRs mRNA expression in CF bronchial cells. Interestingly, while stimulating antiviral responses, AZM pretreatment did not significantly prevent virus-induced inflammatory cytokine production.  AZM pretreatment reduces RV load in primary paediatric CF bronchial epithelial cells  in vitro , possibly by amplifying the antiviral response mediated by the IFNs pathway. This study points to the potential of AZM as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and/or prevent RV-induced CF pulmonary exacerbations.
Antihypertensive Agents and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Disease and Normal Blood Pressure
Authors: Luca Mascitelli, Francesca Pezzetta
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of the introduction of IGRA in screening French healthcare workers for tuberculosis
Authors: Dominique Tripodi, Benedicte Courtois, Albert Nienhaus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: In France pre-employment screening for tuberculosis (TB) is performed for healthcare workers (HCW). Screening is repeated, when exposure to TB patients or infectious material occurs. The results of the TB screenings were analysed in a retrospective analysis.

Method: TB screenings were performed with Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (Quantiferon Gold in tube QFT). If TST was >15mm or TST increased by >10 mm, X-ray and pneumology consultation regarding preventive treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) was performed. The screening results of 637 HCWs on whom QFT was performed were extracted from the files of the University Hospital of Nantes.

Results: In 3 (0.5%) HCWs the QFT was indeterminate. In 22.2% the QFT was positive. A second QFT was performed in 118 HCWs. Reversion rate was 42% (5 out of 17). Conversion rate was 6% (6 out of 98). TST was performed in 466 (73.5%) of the HCWs. TST >10mm results were 77.4%. In those with TST  10mm, QFT was positive in 26.7%. When based on QFT results, X-ray and pneumology consultation could have been reduced to 28.6% of those selected by TST.

Conclusion: TST overestimated the prevalence of LTBI in this cohort. The decision on X-ray and consultation regarding preventive treatment should be based on QFT rather than TST results. The high reversion rate should be taken into consideration when consulting HCWs regarding preventive treatment.
Significance of Immunological Studies in Peripheral Obliterating Vascular Diseases
Authors: Josef Pokorný, Zdeňka Ježkova
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A statistically significant incidence of antibodies against antigen from normal arteries and blood vessels changed by an atherosclerotic process was found in patients in the acute phase of thromboangiitis obliterans. No such incidence was found in a control group of healthy blood donors and in patients with other diseases. These findings of antibodies can significantly help in the differential diagnosis of the acute phase of thromboangiitis obliterans. It is possible that estimations of antibodies may also be of some value in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans where especially the neutralization test could be important for differential diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
The German version of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) - Four-stage translation and validation
Authors: Katharina Cima, James Twiss, Rudolf Speich, Stephan P. McKenna, Ekkehard Grunig, Christian M. Kähler, Nicola Ehlken, Ursula Treder, Sigrid R. Crawford, Lars C. Huber, Silvia Ulrich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and objective:   Individuals with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) experience impaired quality of life (QoL). A disease-specific outcome measure, the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is validated in English. We translated the instrument and validated it for German-speaking population.   Methods:  A multi-step procedure including bilingual translation process, lay panel assessment, cognitive debriefing interviews, validation and evaluation was performed. It included 107 patients with precapillary PH (60 females; age 60+15 years) from centres in Austria, Germany and Switzerland   Results:   The translation process was straightforward. The field-test interview participants found the questionnaires relevant, comprehensible and easy to complete. Psychometric analyses showed that the German adaptations were successful. High test-retest coefficients for the scales after controlling for change in respondent9s QoL (FC: 0.92 to 0.96; EC: 0.85 to 0.99) indicated a high degree of reliability. The CAMPHOR scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach9s alpha coefficients .90 to .92 and .88 to .92, respectively). Also the three CAMPHOR scales (symptoms, activity limitations and quality of life) had excellent test-retest reliability (r=.90-0.91,  P  .90). Predicted correlations with the NYHA class, the 6-minute walking distance and the Nottingham Health Profile provided evidence of an excellent construct and group validity of the CAMPHOR scales.   Conclusions:   We have shown the CAMPHOR to be valid and reliable in the German population and recommend its use in clinical practice.
Impact of megatherapy on survival after relapse from stage 4 neuroblastoma in patients over 1 year of age at diagnosis: a report from the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation.
Authors: R Ladenstein, C Lasset, O Hartmann, D Frappaz, A Garaventa, T Klingebiel, J M Zucker, C Coze, S Burdach, H Gadner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Relapse from stage 4 neuroblastoma usually carries a poor prognosis. A retrospective study using the European Bone Marrow Transplant (EBMT) Solid Tumor Registry was undertaken to define the role of megatherapy (MGT) in relapsed patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS After relapse, 33 boys and 15 girls with previous stage 4 neuroblastoma received intensification by MGT followed by either autologous (n = 42) or allogeneic (n = 6) bone marrow rescue in 11 European institutions. The median age at diagnosis was 47 months (range, 14 to 134) and the median interval from diagnosis to relapse was 16 months (range, 4 to 94). Thirty patients had received only conventional-dose primary treatments (group A), whereas 18 patients had previously received intensification with MGT (group B). The median follow-up time of the total group is 95 months (range, 25 to 185). RESULTS The actuarial overall survival rate at 2 years after MGT for relapse is 27% for group A and 0% for group B (P = .02). Three adverse, independent prognostic factors were confirmed by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model: an interval of less than 12 months between diagnosis and relapse (P &lt; .0001), nonresponding or untreated relapse (P = .0002), and previous MGT during primary treatments (P = .055). None of the other variables analyzed, such as sex, age, bone or bone marrow involvement at diagnosis or at relapse, and type of MGT at relapse, influenced outcome in this patient cohort. CONCLUSION Responding patients who relapse more than 12 months from diagnosis who had not received previous MGT appear to benefit from consolidation MGT. Relapse patients who do not fulfill these criteria gain no advantage from this cost-intensive procedure and should be treated differently.
The Questionable Relationship Between Homicides and the Lunar Cycle
Authors: ALEX D. POKORNY, JOSEPH JACHIMCZYK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors studied 2,494 homicides that occurred in Harris County, Tex. (Houston), over a 14-year period in an effort to confirm a recent study suggesting that homicides are significantly related to phases of the moon. They found no significant relationship, although homicides did show strong day-of-week and hour-of-day cycles.
Guidelines for publishing papers on cancer clinical trials: responsibilities of editors and authors.
Authors: M Zelen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Guidelines are proposed for the reporting of clinical trials. These are meant to be used for both authors and journal editors. Specific proposals are made for: reporting the population under study, actual therapy used, describing the study design, accounting of patients, follow-up statistics, and describing the quality control of the data. Nonrandomized studies require special discussion. Such studies potentially have substantial biases which can lead to incorrect conclusions. Six areas of biases arising in nonrandomized studies are pointed out which should require a discussion in an acceptable published paper. The presentation of statistical results and the reporting of early studies present unusually difficult problems. Guidelines are presented for statistical analyses which, although simple to implement in practice, are not generally used. A proposal is made for the publication of early results of a study which require that the authors agree to follow and periodically report on their trial to the journal editor. If the early conclusions change with additional follow-up, the editor should notify its readers. The adoption of these guidelines can be an important force in raising the scientific level of the reporting of clinical trials.
Abstract 13103: Is Crusade Score Useful for Predicting Major Bleeding Risk in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty?
Authors: Elizabet Mendez-Eirín, Alberto J Pérez Pérez, Fernando Garcia-López, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Pablo Piñon-Esteban, Jorge Salgado Fernandez, Ramon A Calviño Santos, Guillermo Aldama Lopez, Rodrigo Estevez Loureiro, Nicolas Vazquez-Gonzalez, Alfonso Castro Beiras
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The CRUSADE(Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) scale is a useful risk...
Fuming about e-cigarettes and harm
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An English report is all for vaping while Americans still await promised regulation

Among the criticisms that public health officials have leveled at electronic cigarettes are that they are dangerous to health and that their flavors and easy availability are enticing and recruiting new smokers, especially young people. A new report from Public Health England, however, takes a surprisingly different view.1

The English study updated two previous reports on e-cigarettes and made headlines with a general judgment that e-cigarettes may not be so bad after all. Taking a strong harm reduction approach, the report concluded that e-cigarettes were about 95% safer than combustibles and thus could be “one of the key strategies to reduce smoking related disease and death.”1 It also advocated publicizing the 95% safer figure in light of “misinterpreted” previous studies of the harms of e-cigarettes. Since smoking in England, as in the United States, is increasingly concentrated among economically disadvantaged groups,1 the report found that e-cigarettes could provide a widely available low cost means to reduce smoking and improve health in these groups. This could help decrease population-wide …
Phase I dose-escalation trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: usefulness of mathematic modeling to determine maximum-tolerable dose.
Authors: F A Shepherd, R Burkes, Y Cormier, M Crump, R Feld, T Strack, M Schulz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE This study was undertaken to determine the maximum-tolerated doses of gemcitabine and cisplatin, each given weekly for 3 weeks with a 1-week rest. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients less than 75 years of age were eligible if they had stage III/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), life expectancy &gt; or = 12 weeks, hemoglobin level &gt; or = 10 g/dL, granulocyte count &gt; or = 2 x 10(9)/L, platelet count &gt; or = 100 x 10(9)/L, hepatic enzymes &lt; or = three times the upper limit of normal, and creatinine concentration &lt; or = 130 mumoles/L. The starting doses for gemcitabine and cisplatin were 1,000 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2 per week for 3 weeks. At dose level 2, cisplatin was increased to 30 mg/m2/wk for 3 weeks, and thereafter only gemcitabine was increased by 250 mg/m2/wk at each dose level to a maximum of 2,250 mg/m2/wk. RESULTS There were 33 men and 17 women, with a median age of 62 years. Pathology included adenocarcinoma in 35 patients, squamous in eight, large cell in six, and mixed histology in one. Sixteen patients had stage III and 34 had stage IV tumors. The median nadir granulocyte and platelet counts decreased with each dose level, but cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in &gt; or = two patients was not encountered in cycle 1, even at the highest dose level. Cumulative marrow toxicity was seen at all levels, which resulted in frequent dose reductions or omissions. A mathematic model of all toxicities over time suggested that dose level 4 (cisplatin 30 mg/m2/wk and gemcitabine 1,500 mg/m2/wk) would be the maximum dose at which grade 4 toxicity would be expected in &lt; or = 33% of patients over four cycles. Of 47 assessable patients, 14 achieved a partial response (30%; confidence interval, 17% to 43%). The median duration was 16 weeks and the median survival time was 24 weeks (range, 3.5-64+). CONCLUSION Weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin are active against NSCLC, and the recommended phase II doses are 30 and 1,500 mg/m2/wk for 3 weeks, respectively.
Influence of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Genotype Determined From Gastric Tissue Samples on Response to Triple Therapy for Infection
Authors: T FURUTA, Y SAGEHASHI, N SHIRAI, M SUGIMOTO, A NAKAMURA, M KODAIRA, K KENMOTSU, M NAGANO, T EGASHIRA, K UEDA
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Immune evasion cluster-positive bacteriophages are highly prevalent among human Staphylococcus aureus strains, but they are not essential in the first stages of nasal colonization
Authors: N.J. Verkaik, M. Benard, H.A. Boelens, C.P. de Vogel, J.L. Nouwen, H.A. Verbrugh, D.C. Melles, A. van Belkum, W.J.B. van Wamel
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)