tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Failure of Alpha Tocopherol to Influence Chest Pain in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: SEYMOUR H. RINZLER, HYMAN BAKST, ZACHARY H. BENJAMIN, AUDRIE L. BOBB, JANET TRAVELL
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Claims for vitamin E in angina pectoris have not been based on controlled observations. Even some negative reports have not been adequately controlled as to nonspecific factors. Hence, this study of the effects of alpha tocopherol on cardiac pain used a method of investigation carefully controlled as to psychologic factors which might affect the patient's response or the examiner's interpretation of results. The dose of synthetic alpha tocopherol acetate (300 mg. by mouth daily for two or more months) was the same as that recommended by advocates of this form of therapy as optimum in most cases. The results failed to indicate that the vitamin possessed any advantage over the placebo for treatment of either effort angina or mixed types of cardiac and somatic chest pain.
A SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE ISOLATED FROM SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Mathilde Solowey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

A total of 108 strains of viridans streptococci from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and 99 strains from human throats and extracted teeth have been studied, and approximately two-thirds of all the strains so far have been differentiated into a number of serological groups. The similarity between strains from these sources is evident from the fact that approximately 50 per cent of the reacting strains from each source fall into two groups I and II, and that three groups I, II, and IV, contain streptococci from both sources in approximately the same distribution. Fifteen vaginal strains of viridians streptococci failed, with the exception of one strain, to react with groups I–IV of the endocarditis serums. More than three-fourths of the strains from both sources were Streptococcus salivarius as determined by Sherman's criteria. However, no correlation between the biochemical and serological classification could be made. It may be concluded that the viridans streptococci are amenable to classification by serological methods. The results so far obtained do not indicate a serological difference between strains of viridans streptococci isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and those isolated from human throats and extracted teeth. The greater definitive value of serological methods in the identification of a particular strain is indicated.
Medical Implications of Computed Tomography (“CAT Scanning”)
Authors: Herbert L. Abrams, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Efficacy of Body CTThe evaluation of body CT is more complex than that of head CT because of the need to consider separately so many organ systems and presenting symptom complexes (e.g., patients with unexplained abdominal pain, jaundice or a pelvic mass). Furthermore, there are many effective noninvasive competing diagnostic modalities for studying diseases of the body.Diagnostic accuracyLungs and pleura. CT has considerable theoretical application to the lungs, and some practical impact has already been shown. CT may help distinguish benign from malignant tumors and tumor from inflammation,95,96 and its attenuation coefficient numbers may ultimately be useful . . .
Right diaphragmatic defect in hepatic hydrothorax exposed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Tomomitsu Matono, Masahiko Koda, Yoshikazu Murawaki
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

A 68-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation was hospitalized for right hepatic hydrothorax and ascites. Perflubutane injected into the peritoneal cavity after an ultrasonography contrast agent revealed jet-like flow from the ascites to a pleural effusion, indicating a diaphragmatic defect. A hepatic hydrothorax was sutured under thoracoscopy and did not recur. An intraperitoneal injection of perflubutane enables a less-invasive diagnosis of a diaphragmatic defect. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;)
CLASSIFICATION OF APPENDICITISAND THE RELATION OF CHRONIC APPENDICITIS TO OBLITERATION OF THE LUMEN, CARCINOMA AND DISTURBANCES IN THE GASTRO-HEPATICO-DUODENO-PANCREATIC PHYSIOLOGIC SYSTEM
Authors: WILLIAM CARPENTER MacCARTY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The enormous amount of literature and the unsatisfactory discussions which have been evoked by the appendix, the numerous and varied classifications of inflammation in this anatomic vestige, the attempt to fit pathologic classifications of the subject to the clinical groups of cases and the varying opinions as to whether or not obliteration occurs as a physiologic involution or as the result of inflammatory reaction, and whether or not there is any etiologic relationship between the appendix and conditions in the stomach, duodenum and bile passages, have been the stimuli for this extensive investigation of such a common subject. The object was not to combat any pathologic or clinical classification of the condition or theory of obliteration, but to confirm or disprove; to consider the subject in such a manner that the clinician and pathologist might better understand each other, and to bring to both a more intimate consideration of processes
TCT-433 Plasmin Immobilization for Reduced Thrombogenicity of Metallic Implants
Authors: Steven G. Wise, Praveesuda L. Michael, Juichien Hung, Miguel Santos, Elysse C. Filipe, Alexey Kondyurin, Anna Waterhouse, Marcela M. Bilek, Martin K. Ng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The increase in molluscum contagiosum.
Authors: J D Oriel
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Asthma is a heterogenous disease, and its prevalence and severity are different in males <i>versus</i> females through various ages. As children, boys have an increased prevalence of asthma. As adults, women have an increased prevalence and severity of asthma. Sex hormones, genetic and epigenetic variations, social and environmental factors, and responses to asthma therapeutics are important factors in the sex differences observed in asthma incidence, prevalence and severity. For women, fluctuations in sex hormone levels during puberty, the menstrual cycle and pregnancy are associated with asthma pathogenesis. Further, sex differences in gene expression and epigenetic modifications and responses to environmental factors, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, are associated with differences in asthma incidence, prevalence and symptoms. We review the role of sex hormones, genetics and epigenetics, and their interactions with the environment in the clinical manifestations and therapeutic response of asthma.
Prospective multicenter performance evaluation of the second-generation colon capsule compared with colonoscopy
Authors: R. Eliakim, K. Yassin, Y. Niv, Y. Metzger, J. Lachter, E. Gal, B. Sapoznikov, F. Konikoff, G. Leichtmann, Z. Fireman, Y. Kopelman, S. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A second-generation capsule endoscopy system, using the PillCam Colon 2, was developed to increase sensitivity for colorectal polyp detection compared with the first-generation system. The performance of this new system is reported.In a five-center feasibility study, second-generation capsule endoscopy was prospectively compared with conventional colonoscopy as gold standard for the detection of colorectal polyps and other colonic disease, in a cohort of patients scheduled for colonoscopy and having known or suspected colonic disease. Colonoscopy was independently performed within 10 hours after capsule ingestion. Capsule-positive but colonoscopy-negative cases were counted as false-positive.104 patients (mean age 49.8 years) were enrolled; data from 98 were analyzed. Patient rate for polyps of any size was 44 %, 53 % of these patients having adenomas. No adverse events related to either procedure were reported. The capsule sensitivity for the detection of patients with polyps >or= 6 mm was 89 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 70 - 97) and for those with polyps >or= 10 mm it was 88 % (95 %CI 56 - 98), with specificities of 76 % (95 %CI 72 - 78) and 89 % (95 %CI 86 - 90), respectively. Both polyps missed by colonoscopy and mismatch in polyp size by study definition lowered specificity. Overall colon cleanliness for capsule endoscopy was adequate in 78 % of patients (95 %CI 68 - 86).The new second-generation colon capsule endoscopy is a safe and effective method for visualizing the colon and detecting colonic lesions. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting colorectal polyps appear to be very good, suggesting a potential for improved accuracy compared with the first-generation system. Further prospective and comparative studies are needed.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS WITH EROSION OF THE SPLENIC ARTERY AND FATAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: G. L. MOENCH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

From Jan. 1, 1918, to Aug. 31, 1923, the office of the chief medical examiner of the city of New York handled 64,322 cases. Among this number there were approximately 28,000 deaths from violence and a little more than 700 following abortions. About 9,500 necropsies were done.1  Among all these deaths only twenty-one—including the case reported here—were due to acute pancreatitis. All of the cases, with the exception of one in which the diagnosis was made from the symptoms alone, were corroborated by necropsy. Fourteen showed hemorrhage into the pancreas; nine, fat necrosis, spreading beyond the pancreas in seven cases; two other deaths were associated with moderate retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and one with hemorrhage into the gallbladder, stomach and small intestine. In this instance a three months' pregnancy and status lymphaticus also were found. In one case, 1½ pints of serosanguineous fluid was present in the abdomen, and another necropsy
Mentally abnormal prisoners on remand: II--Comparison of services provided by Oxford and Wessex regions
Authors: J. W Coid
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Most regional health authorities have or plan to have secure units for treating mentally abnormal offenders. A retrospective study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the health care services for men remanded to Winchester prison from Oxford and Wessex regions over the five years 1979-83. Thirty seven (30%) of 124 prisoners from Oxford region were rejected for treatment compared with 36 (16%) of the 220 men from Wessex region. Men from Oxford region were significantly more likely to be recommended for admission to a special hospital than those from Wessex (13/124 (10%) <i>v</i> 9/220 (4%), respectively) and significantly less likely to be recommended for admission to a hospital in the catchment area (35/124 (28%) <i>v</i> 94/220 (43%)). Men on remand from Oxford region were significantly more often perceived as being disruptive or aggressive by hospital staff and more likely to be labelled as having psychopathic or personality disorders. These differences may have reflected different attitudes towards mentally abnormal offenders and the allowances in the services available in the two regions; in particular, Oxford region did not have a secure unit or a forensic psychiatrist. If mentally ill prisoners do not receive the treatment that they need they run the risk of being criminalised. Most such men are best treated in general psychiatric units; only a few require secure conditions and staff with specialised psychiatric skills.
The Exodus of a Medical School
Authors: Meir Djaldetti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 December 1995The Exodus of a Medical SchoolMeir Djaldetti, MDMeir Djaldetti, MDTel Aviv University Tel Aviv, IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I congratulate Dr. Ernst for his unique attempt to tell the truth about the causes of the downfall of the notorious Viennese Faculty of Medicine [1]. The atrocities committed by the Nazis during World War II directly or indirectly affected many superb medical schools. As a graduate of the Academy of Medicine in Sofia, Bulgaria, I absorbed, although indirectly, the knowledge and profound clinical experience of the Viennese School because many of my professors are graduates of or were influenced by this great medical institution. Moreover, many textbooks that helped in my training were translations from originals ...References1. Ernst E. A leading medical school seriously damaged: Vienna 1938. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:789-92. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lerner BH, Rothman DJ. Medicine and the Holocaust: learning more of the lessons [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122; 793-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 12Page: 963-964KeywordsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 15 December 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Steven L. McCune
Journal: JAMA (2001)

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ARE revolutionizing the treatment of many illnesses. Some patients with coronary artery disease, Crohn disease, solid organ transplants, rheumatoid arthritis, or cancer have already experienced benefits from these engineered proteins. Monoclonal antibodies typically either harness the patient’s own immune system to fight disease or suppress an errant immune system. The TABLE lists the monoclonal antibodies currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); more than 50 others are in active clinical trials around the world. Monoclonal antibodies are currently used by cardiologists, gastroenterologists, nephrologists, and rheumatologists as well as oncologists. In this article, we focus on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). An estimated 56000 people in the United States will develop NHL this year leading to more than 26000 deaths. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas range from slow-growing follicular lymphomas (historically grouped as low-grade NHL) to more aggressive large-cell lymphomas (intermediateto high-grade NHL). Patients with either indolent or fast-growing lymphomas may achieve remissions with conventional chemotherapy, but most eventually succumb to their disease. Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat both follicular and large-cell lymphomas using a variety of approaches. These approaches include using antibodies alone, linking antibodies with cellular toxins or radioisotopes, and combining antibodies with standard chemotherapy.
AIDS, ethics, and clinical trials.
Authors: E. King
Journal: BMJ (1992)

unvalidated operational clinical criteria, including parkinsonian symptoms (S Williams et al, unpublished study).We suggest that sensitivity to neuroleptics in patients with dementia with cortical Lewy bodies is further evidence of the importance of the parkinsonian component of the condition and a reminder that the dosages in neuroleptic regimens for elderly people are largely determined empiric- ally.We advocate much lower doses of such drugs in routine psychogeriatric practice.
Trans Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Alberto Ascherio, Martijn B. Katan, Peter L. Zock, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Trans unsaturated fatty acids are produced commercially in large quantities by heating vegetable oils in the presence of metal catalysts and hydrogen to form shortening and margarine.1 They are so named because the carbon atoms adjacent to their double bonds are on opposite sides, resulting in a straight configuration and a solid state at room temperature. In contrast, naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds as cis isomers, with adjacent carbons on the same side of the double bond, resulting in a bent shape and a liquid state at room temperature. Partial hydrogenation, the process used to create trans . . .
Studies on the Renal Excretion of Norepinephrine *
Authors: H. R. Overy, R. Pfister, C. A. Chidsey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Studies were carried out in anesthetized dogs to investigate the renal clearance of norepinephrine (NE) and to determine the origin of this amine in the urine. Infused radioactive NE was cleared from plasma at a rate averaging 63.8% of the glomerular filtration rate. NE was shown to be freely filterable, and evidence has been presented which suggests but does not prove that the amine is partially reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate; metabolism of NE in the tubular fluid by catechol-o-methyl transferase has not been excluded. The clearance of this catecholamine was not affected by changes in urine pH or flow. Total chronic denervation of one kidney was shown to have no effect on the rate of excretion of endogenous NE. Therefore, the NE that is excreted in the urine would appear to be solely derived from the catecholamines in circulating blood.
Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibition Increases The Frequency Of CD49d+ Neutrophils In The Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) During a Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Jennifer A. Hass, Erika Buell, Desire Hunter, Dorothy S. Cheung, Mitchell H. Grayson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
'Conditioning' with placebo lowers mouse drug dose
Authors: Jack Martin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Pairing a "placebo" with an immunosuppressive drug produced a greater response in mice than that obtained with the same dose of drug alone, according to Robert Ader, PhD, professor of psychiatry and psychology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, and Nicholas Cohen, PhD, of the school's Department of Microbiology. These results, presented at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting in Denver, raise the possibility that such a "conditioning technique" could one day allow clinicians to use less than the current dosage of such drugs in treating patients. The investigators dramatically modified the development in New Zealand hybrid mice of an autoimmune disease virtually identical to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans. Resulting in a lethal glomerulonephritis, the disease ordinarily develops spontaneously in the mice somewhere between 8 and 14 months of age, Ader said. Animals treated with cyclophosphamide survive longer, "and we hypothesized that substitution of a
Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Rural Practice
Authors: Ham Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The current medical concepts regarding group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis are well documented. This study demonstrates that these concepts can form the basis of rational medical management in rural general practice; that this management is practical in regard to time and money expended; and that private patients willingly cooperate. Of 1,052 patients with proved streptococcal pharyngitis, 1,045 (99%) received ten full days of antibiotic therapy, and 808 (76.6%) returned for follow-up cultures. Of 633 families involved, 503 (79.2%) families had every household contact cultured, and 567 (89.5%) of the families had at least 75% of household contacts cultured. Since adoption of this management, the incidence of rheumatic fever has apparently decreased sharply in the county.
CAUSE OF CATARACT AND NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF INCIPIENT "SENILE" CATARACT
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In presenting this subject I wish first to call attention briefly to the nutrition of the crystalline lens. In the beginning of the development of the crystalline lens, up to about the end of the fifth week of the life of the human embryo, the lens derives its nourishment from fetal blood vessels comparatively remote from the lens cup—later the lens vesicle. Shortly it becomes surrounded by a vascular network known as the tunica lentis vasculosa, which is complete by the end of the seventh week. The nutrient fluid is now supplied from this network of vessels and passes, apparently by osmosis and diffusion, to the cells of the developing lens. The waste products of metabolism are apparently disposed of by the same processes acting in the other direction. At this time the nutrient fluid reaches the lens without the intervention of the cells of the ciliary body, since that
Biology and the Exploration of Mars
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1966)

After the moon, where do we travel next? Mars, many students of this problem believe, is the most logical site to begin planetary exploration. And this book is a series of reports prepared by subgroups of the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences; the reports contain discussions of what types of experiments to attempt, how much can be learned from space vehicles which orbit or land, and how feasible is Martian exploration. The editors have arranged the material in a logical manner which suitably accentuates our relative ignorance of such basic terrestrial concepts as life and the signs which may be used to recognize it. But since we know immeasurably more about Earth than about Mars, and since the major interest of the participating scientists is to detect, if it exists, any form of Martian biological activity, we are not surprised that this volume contains much speculation.
Comparison of the arrhythmogenic effect of myocardial infarction in the cat and dog
Authors: R. D. REYNOLDS, G. J. KELLIHER, D. M. RITCHIE, J. ROBERTS, A. B. BEASLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article Comparison of the arrhythmogenic effect of myocardial infarction in the cat and dog Get access ROBERT D. REYNOLDS, ROBERT D. REYNOLDS 1 From the Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Arnar-Stone Laboratories, Inc., 1600 Waukegan Road, McGaw Park, Illinois 60085. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERALD J. KELLIHER, GERALD J. KELLIHER From the Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID M. RITCHIE, DAVID M. RITCHIE From the Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAY ROBERTS, JAY ROBERTS From the Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANDREW B. BEASLEY ANDREW B. BEASLEY From the Departments of Pharmacology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 3, March 1979, Pages 152–159, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.3.152 Published: 01 March 1979