tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of calcitonin receptor mRNA expression by calcitonin during human osteoclast-like cell differentiation.
Authors: S Takahashi, S Goldring, M Katz, S Hilsenbeck, R Williams, G D Roodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Calcitonin inhibits both osteoclast formation and bone resorption, and is a primary treatment for patients with hypercalcemia and increased bone turnover. However, the clinical utility of calcitonin is limited because patients become refractory to calcitonin after several days (the calcitonin "escape phenomenon"). The molecular basis for calcitonin "escape" is unclear. To determine the regulatory mechanisms controlling calcitonin receptor (CTR) expression in osteoclasts and their precursors, we treated immature mononuclear precursors for human osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNC) formed in vitro with 1,25-(OH)2D3, to induce their differentiation to committed mononuclear precursors, and mature multinucleated osteoclasts, and used reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to assess expression of CTR mRNA in both committed mononuclear precursors and MNC. The PCR fragment produced was cloned and sequenced to confirm that it was derived from CTR mRNA. CTR mRNA expression was detected in mononuclear MNC precursors after 7 d of 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment. It was also present in osteoclast-like MNC and highly purified giant cells from osteoclastomas, but not in monocytes or macrophage polykaryons formed in vitro. Calcitonin markedly decreased CTR but not actin mRNA expression in giant cells and MNC after 12 h, and removal of calcitonin restored CTR mRNA expression. Similarly, calcitonin decreased calcitonin-induced adenylate cyclase activity. These data suggest: (a) downregulation of CTR gene expression by calcitonin may in part explain the calcitonin "escape phenomenon"; and (b) expression of CTR mRNA occurs in mononuclear osteoclast precursors within 7 d after exposure to 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Development of a Conditional <i>In vivo</i> Model to Evaluate the Efficacy of Small Molecule Inhibitors for the Treatment of Raf-Transformed Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Marina Konopleva, Yuexi Shi, Linda S. Steelman, John G. Shelton, Mark Munsell, Frank Marini, Teresa McQueen, Rooha Contractor, James A. McCubrey, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Conditionally active forms of the Raf proteins (Raf-1, B-Raf, and A-Raf) were created by ligating NH2-terminal truncated activated forms (Δ) to the estrogen receptor (ER) hormone-binding domain resulting in estradiol-regulated constructs (ΔRaf:ER). These different Raf:ER oncoproteins were introduced into the murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cell line, and cells that grew in response to the three ΔRaf:ER oncoproteins were isolated. The ability of FDC-P1, ΔRaf-1:ER, ΔA-Raf:ER, and ΔB-Raf:ER cells to form tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice was compared. Mice injected with ΔRaf:ER cells were implanted with β-estradiol pellets to induce the ΔRaf:ER oncoprotein. Cytokine-dependent parental cell lines did not form tumors. Implantation of β-estradiol pellets into mice injected with ΔRaf:ER cells significantly accelerated tumor onset and tumor size. The recovered ΔRaf:ER cells displayed induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in response to β-estradiol stimulation, indicating that they had retained conditional activation of ERK even when passed through a severe combined immunodeficient mouse. The ΔRaf:ER cells were very sensitive to induction of apoptosis by the mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase (MEK) 1 inhibitor CI1040 whereas parental cells were much less affected, demonstrating that the MEK1 may be useful in eliminating Ras/Raf/MEK–transformed cells. Furthermore, the effects of in vivo administration of the MEK1 inhibitor were evaluated and this inhibitor was observed to suppress the tumorigenicity of the injected cells. This ΔRaf:ER system can serve as a preclinical model to evaluate the effects of signal transduction inhibitors which target the Raf and MEK proteins.
Children may be able to make their own decisions
Authors: P. Alderson, J. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (1996)

These studies show the dangers of making ethical pronouncements in an empirical vacuum.There is a pressing need for more research on how proxy decision makers arrive at their recommendations for treatment.With regard to bone marrow donation, parents have several obligations.Not only do they have to keep the best interests of the two children in mind but they also have to come to a mutually acceptable solu- tion that will at least maintain their partnership.Just as there is now much emphasis on evidence based medical practice, so too ought there to be more interest in evidence based ethical practice.
Evidence that activation of protein kinase A inhibits human hair follicle growth and hair fibre production in organ culture and DNA synthesis in human and mouse hair follicle organ culture
Authors: C.S. HARMON, T.D. NEVINS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We have investigated the possibility that protein kinase A (PKA) may play a part in regulating the activity of human and mouse hair follicles in whole organ culture. Human hair follicles were isolated from facial skin by microdissection, and hair follicle and hair fibre length measurements were made daily during suspension culture. Incubation of human hair follicles with dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of total cumulative follicle growth (IC50 = 100 mumol/L, 85% inhibition at 1 mmol/L). db-cAMP (0.5 mmol/L) also caused a rapid, partial inhibition of follicular DNA synthesis (20.3% inhibition at 6 h, 48.0% inhibition at 24 h). Human hair follicle growth was inhibited by the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and Ro 20-1724, and by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. In addition, db-cAMP inhibited DNA synthesis in organ cultures of whisker follicles isolated from neonatal mice by microdissection. Taken together, these findings indicate that agents which increase cAMP levels are potent inhibitors of human and mouse hair follicle growth, and suggest that PKA may play a part in the regulation of hair follicle activity in vivo.
Pulmonary Aspiration after Fibre-endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: B. J. Prout, C. Metreweli
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Pulmonary aspiration occurred in 16 out of 65 patients (24·6%) undergoing fibre-endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract under intravenous sedation, but it was rarely followed by serious complications. Aspiration was found to occur under sedation with diazepam alone, diazepam with atropine, and with chlormethiazole. The most important factors contributing to aspiration are the local pharyngeal anaesthesia and the mechanical interference of the fibrescope with laryngeal closure and swallowing. The patient is also at risk of aspiration after completion of the procedure and should remain recumbent until the local anaesthesia has worn off.
Abstract 4379: Activating the prostaglandin I2-IP signaling suppresses metastasis in lung cancer
Authors: Yoshinori Minami, Satoshi Endo, Shunsuke Okumura, Kiyoko Shibukawa, Takaaki Sasaki, Yoshinobu Ohsaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The mechanism by which bone marrow (BM)-derived cells might contribute to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis is controversial. We have reported that bone marrow derived angiogenic progenitor cells (Lin- cKit+ Flk-1+ cells) express prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) specific receptor; IP, and the PGI2-IP system is necessary for vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. Additionally, we have reported that the specific knockdown of IP in bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) increases tumor metastasis in mouse models. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that activating the PGI2-IP signaling suppresses tumor metastasis. Materials &amp; Methods: We employed both a mouse lung metastatic model and a mouse bone marrow transplanted model. Mouse-derived Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells labeled with DsRed were used for a mouse lung metastatic model to distinguish cancer cells from BMDCs. The LLCs were injected into the tail vein of mice (c57BL/6J), which bone marrow cells were transplanted from GFP-labeled mice. Beraprost sodium (BPS; IP receptor agonist) or PBS control was continuously administered for 3 weeks by subcutaneous osmotic pumps. Tumor metastasis to lung was assessed by using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The a-SMA as a pericyte marker and the CD31 as an endothelial cell marker were studied by immunofluorescence to evaluate angiogenesis in metastatic lung tumors. Results: The size and number of tumor metastasis were significantly decreased in BPS group compared with in PBS control group assessed by the mice lung metastasis model. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the pericytes derived from bone marrow were scattered within tumors in PBS control group, while those were observed along with tumor micro vessels by supporting the endothelial cells within tumors in BPS group. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that activating the PGI2-IP signaling suppresses metastasis in lung cancer. These results also suggested that the maturation of tumor angiogenesis by pericytes may decrease tumor metastasis. Finally, we propose that PGI2-IP system would be a novel therapeutic target in lung metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4379. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4379
Bleeding From Staple Line Erosion After Esophageal Transection: Effect of Omeprazole
Authors: Graham L. Kaye, Aiden P. McCormick, Sebastiano Siringo, Kenneth E.F. Hobbs, Neil McIntyre, Andrew K. Burroughs
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Esophageal staple transection effectively controls acute variceal bleeding, but up to 50% of these patients will have recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In our experience, most of these bleeding episodes are caused by total or partial circumferential ulceration at the level of the staple transection: staple line erosion. It caused rebleeding in 29 (40%) of our patients. Whereas the pathogenesis of this lesion is unknown, acid reflux is a consequence of transection surgery. Assuming that staple line erosion could be healed by acid suppression therapy, thereby preventing recurrent bleeding, an acid suppression regimen was evaluated prospectively in 24 patients. Only six (25%) healed with daily standard (300 mg) or high-dose (1,200 mg) ranitidine combined with sucralfate (4 gm). The remaining 18 (75%) healed after omeprazole administration (40 mg/day) for 1 mo. Maintenance ranitidine alone (300 mg/day) was introduced, but 11 (48%) had relapse of erosions. All 11 healed with omeprazole (40 mg/day) for 2 mo, but again on maintenance ranitidine, 10 relapsed. All healed with further omeprazole and healing persisted with long-term administration (20 mg/day). Fifteen rebleeding episodes occurred in eight patients on maintenance ranitidine. Whereas relapse of staple line erosions did occur in the absence of rebleeding, all rebleeding episodes were associated with the relapse of staple line erosion. Omeprazole is more effective than ranitidine alone and combined with sucralfate in healing staple line erosion. Omeprazole prevents rebleeding, which may enhance the long-term benefits of staple transection for acute variceal bleeding.
Human In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Horace G. Bramm
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the article entitled "Human In Vitro Fertilization: A Conservative View" (1982; 247:3235), I would like to challenge Dr Tiefel on several of the following points. "There is some justification for deeming in vitro fertilization to be harmful to the offspring thus conceived." Actually, there is good reason to believe that children born as a result of in vitro fertilization have roughly the same chance of normality as those who are products of normal conception. "The suspicion and guilt on the part of parents... will be unavoidable that whatever health problems develop are the result of this unique genesis." Parents almost always feel guilty if anything is wrong with the child. If they are religious, they sometimes feel that a defective child is a punishment from God. What evidence does Dr Tiefel have that guilt feelings will be greater after in vitro fertilization? "The possibility of unknown
Quick Test for Pneumonia
Authors: Jane E. Henney
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary Artery Disease in Combat Casualties in Vietnam
Authors: J. Judson McNamara
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Postmortem coronary angiography and dissection of hearts from 105 United States soldiers killed in Vietnam demonstrate that (1) 45% have some evidence of atherosclerosis; (2) 5% have gross evidence of severe coronary atherosclerosis; and (3) no patient had angiographic evidence of severe coronary narrowing, and in only one patient was any degree of stenosis observed.
TCTAP A-107 Safety and Efficacy of True Lumen Tracking Recanalization for the Chronic Total Occlusions of Iliac and Femoral Artery
Authors: Rie Sugawara, Ren Kawaguchi, Yusuke Miyaishi, Hakuken Kan, Hiroshi Hoshizaki, Shigeru Oshima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of extracellular potassium on slow response excitability in rabbit atrial trabeculae
Authors: S. CUKIERMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Small trabeculae were excised from the rabbit left atrium and exposed to 1 mmol·litre−1 Ba2+-Tyrode solution containing variable amounts of potassium (range: 10 to 25 mmol·litre−1). One end of the trabecula was stimulated by means of a suction electrode. Intracellular microelectrodes were employed for measuring membrane potentials. In presence of Ba2+, the cell depolarises and slow responses can be elicited. Slow responses thus obtained do not propagate. Slow response overshoot, maximum rate of rise and duration are depressed by increasing extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]o). The resting potential decreases by 1 to 3 mV on changing [K+]o from 10 to 25 mmol·litre−1. The depression in slow response overshoot caused by [K+]o is compatible with an increase in the relationship between K+ and Ca2+ permeabilities as [K+]o increases. The dependence of slow response excitability on the frequency of stimulation is also depressed by [K+]o. The inhibition of slow response electrogenesis caused by exracellular potassium is an important phenomenon to consider in trying to understand the origin of certain cardiac arrhythmias.
Long-Term Outcome of Patients With Gastrointestinal Bleeding of Obscure Origin Explored by Push Enteroscopy
Authors: B. Landi, C. Cellier, M. Gaudric, H. Demont, R. Guimbaud, E. Cuillerier, D. Couturier, J.-P. Barbier, P. Marteau
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Little is known of the long-term outcome in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, who undergo investigation by means of push enteroscopy. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of recurrent bleeding and its predictive factors in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, after exploration by push enteroscopy. Patients and Methods: 105 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin (iron-deficiency anemia: n = 56; overt bleeding: n = 49) underwent exploration by push enteroscopy from December 1994 to December 1998. They were classified into three groups according to enteroscopy findings: no lesion found (group A; 56 patients), arteriovenous malformations (group B; 18 patients), and other gastrointestinal lesions (group C; 31 patients). Actuarial rates of rebleeding during follow-up were calculated and factors associated with rebleeding were assessed by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Follow-up data were obtained for 101 patients (96 %). The mean follow-up was 29 months (6 - 54 months). The 2-year actuarial rate of rebleeding was 31 % in the overall population, and 27.6 %, 56 % and 24 % in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = 0.13). The number of previous bleeding episodes and the number of packed red cell units transfused were two independent factors predictive of recurrent bleeding. The modality of recurrent bleeding (anemia or overt bleeding) was similar to that of the initial episode in 94 % of cases. In group A, a gastrointestinal lesion was found after rebleeding in one of the 12 patients with iron-deficiency anemia, and in four of the five patients with overt bleeding. Conclusion: Recurrent bleeding occurs in about one-third of patients who undergo investigation by push enteroscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin, with a trend towards more frequent rebleeding in patients with arteriovenous malformations. Frequent previous bleeding episodes and transfusion requirements are predictive of recurrent bleeding.
OUTCOMES OF CULPRIT VERSUS MULTIVESSEL INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATED BY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Authors: Matthew Cavender, Penny Houghtaling, Elizabeth Lieber, Michael Kiernan, Melanie Maytin, Andrew Rassi, Patrick Whitlow, Venu Menon, Stephen Ellis, Mehdi Shishehbor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lysis of complement-sensitive Entamoeba histolytica by activated terminal complement components. Initiation of complement activation by an extracellular neutral cysteine proteinase.
Authors: S L Reed, I Gigli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Activation of complement by Entamoeba histolytica may be initiated by the extracellular 56-kD neutral cysteine proteinase which cleaves the alpha chain of C3. To determine the relationship between the fluid-phase activation of complement and our observation that only strains isolated from patients with invasive disease are resistant to complement-mediated lysis, we investigated the fate of C3 with recent amebic isolates. When 125I-C3 was incubated with trophozoites in serum, C3 in the fluid phase was cleaved to C3b or C3bi, but the alpha chain of the C3 molecules on the cell surface appeared intact. Since the lysis of nonpathogenic strains takes place in the absence of bound C3b, we demonstrated that this reaction occurs by reactive lysis initiated in the fluid phase: (a) the killing of nonpathogenic strains was enhanced when alternative pathway activation was accelerated by the addition of cobra venom factor; (b) non-pathogenic strains were lysed by purified terminal components; and (c) sera incubated with pathogenic E. histolytica produced passive lysis of chicken erythrocytes. These results demonstrate for the first time that complement-sensitive E. histolytica are lysed by activation of the terminal complement components in the fluid phase where the 56-kD neutral cysteine proteinase cleaves C3, and not by the surface deposition of activated C3.
Influenza: Vaccines or Amantadine?
Authors: Arnold Chanin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WITH the abrupt end of the National Influenza Immunization Program on Dec 16, 1976, because of complications arising from the vaccine administration, another serious look at amantadine hydrochloride in the prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by influenza type A is indicated. It has been pointed out by Herrmann (<i>Medical Tribune</i>, Oct 20, 1976, pp 25-26) and other authors<sup>1,2</sup>that amantadine offers a viable alternative to vaccines for chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of influenza in our communities. This report summarizes recent findings and compares amantadine and the vaccines in six areas. <h3>Antigenic Specificity.—</h3> As the influenza type A virus undergoes modification, either through antigenic shift (major modification) or antigenic drift (minor modification), so must the vaccine. Immunity against a prior strain does not necessarily confer immunity against a forthcoming strain. Amantadine is effective against all strains of influenza type A. Every strain we have associated with epidemic influenza
Electromagnetism and Life
Authors: John F. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book represents the authors' provocative insights from decades of research into bioelectric effects. It begins with a historical but lively account of past research seeking to discover the vital animal or electrical forces distinguishing the living from the nonliving. Galvani's erroneous conclusions regarding animal electricity in 1786 were opportunistically diverted by Volta and others from the biologic realm into the technology of generating electricity. The discovery of voltaic electricity led to the battery-operated telegraph, the arc light, and, ultimately, to the major dominance of electricity in today's society. The difficult questions pertaining to electricity's role in complex living forms remained unanswered. Biochemical explanations of biologic control systems dominated. Any suggestion of electrical control systems within the body was promptly equated with "vital force" research and dismissed as unscientific. Current concepts of electrobiologic controls owe more to developments in solid state physics than to biologic research. Body functions for which
Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Edema
Authors: Abraham G. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Diabetes insipidus, a syndrome characterized by polyuria, polydipsia and excretion of urine of low specific gravity, may result from a deficiency of the neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormone.1 Since this hormone is presumed to control the "facultative" reabsorption of water in the distal tubule of the kidney the specific physiologic "defect" in diabetes insipidus is usually attributed to a decrease or absence of renal reabsorption of water in this portion of the nephron.2 As a consequence of this physiologic abnormality, the untreated patient with diabetes insipidus may suffer from dehydration resulting from loss of water in excess of intake, unless he is . . .