tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal Foreign Body Precipitating Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: E. H. Hadfield
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MDICL JORNAL1477 symmetrically as in bilateral quinsy, but differed in that the tonsils were healthy and the tissues pale and watery; his temperature was 98.4°F.(36.9°C.).A diagnosis of oedema of the glottis seemed to be indicated.On September 28 he breathed through his nose.Extension of the oedema below the mandible caused a "double chin."Next day he started a light diet.Oedema of the fauces was subsiding, and on September 30 the tube was removed.Subsequent progress was satisfactory, and the patient.returned to work three weeks later.The origin of the oedema of the glottis was investigated, but no definite conclusions were reached.Questioning on Septem-
Antihypertensive effect of diet compared with drug treatment in obese men with mild hypertension.
Authors: A. Berglund, O. K. Andersson, G. Berglund, B. Fagerberg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether dietary treatment has a similar antihypertensive effect to conventional drug treatment while being superior to drugs in improving serum lipid concentrations in obese men with mild hypertension. DESIGN--Six week run in period followed by randomisation to either diet or drug treatment groups for one year. SETTING--Outpatient clinic in city hospital. PATIENTS--61 Men aged 40-69 years, body mass index greater than or equal to 26, diastolic blood pressure 90-104 mm Hg when untreated. Exclusion criteria were signs of organ damage secondary to hypertension and diseases that might have interfered with compliance or with interpretation of results. INTERVENTIONS--Dietary treatment was based on weight reduction, restriction of sodium, and decrease of excess alcohol intake (defined as greater than or equal to 250 g alcohol per week). Drug treatment used a stepped care approach with atenolol as drug of first choice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg; absolute reductions in blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS--Mean body weight decreased 7.6 kg in the diet group and increased 0.9 kg in the drug treatment group (p less than 0.0001), and mean sodium excretion decreased 42 and 10 mmol/24 h respectively (p = 0.019). There was no difference in reported alcohol intake. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 4 mm Hg in the diet group and 16 mm Hg in the drug group (p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure 3 and 11 mm Hg respectively (p = 0.002). Diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg was attained by 29% of the diet group (nine men) and 73% (22) of those receiving drug treatment (mean difference 44%, 95% confidence interval 21 to 67%, p = 0.001). Dietary treatment produced decreases in mean serum concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as triglycerides and an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. In the drug treatment group the changes were in the opposite direction, and the groups differed significantly in all but total cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS--Dietary treatment was inferior to conventional drug treatment in controlling mild hypertension but superior in lowering serum concentrations of lipids.
Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Medical Food (NMF) in Children with Mild Persistent Asthma
Authors: S.J. Szefler, R. Covar, B. Macomber, L. Stewart, M. Gleason, K. Engelhardt, J. Murphy, A. Liu, S. Wood, S. DeMichele, A. Wennberg, E. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Abstract IA2: Accelerating natural product discovery with multivariate image-based screening
Authors: Scott M. Lokey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multiparameter phenotypic profiling has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing small molecules and their effects on complex biological systems. In particular, the union of high-throughput screening technologies with automated microscopy and image processing has enabled the development of multiparameter image-based profiling techniques (also called “cytological profiling”), in which cells are imaged in multiwell plate format using automated fluorescence microscopy and the resulting images are quantified in terms of various descriptors, or “features.” Rather than focusing on a specific phenotype or biological endpoint, CP strategies employ multiple cytological probes that are selected to cover a wide range of biological pathways. Although CP has been used successfully to classify diverse bioactive compounds, its application in the area of natural products (NP) discovery has been limited. Here we describe the use of cytological profiling to discover natural products with novel mechanisms of action (MOAs). The goal of this project is to invert the NP discovery process from the traditional approach, where compound identification and function are the final steps in the discovery process, to a new paradigm where identities and functions of active constituents are determined directly from primary screening data and lead compounds are selected based on chemical and biological novelty prior to isolation and full structural characterization. Futhermore, the integration of CP fingerprints with metabolomics data allows us to rapidly associate compounds with phenotypes and prioritize unique chemistries for follow up. Citation Format: Scott M. Lokey. Accelerating natural product discovery with multivariate image-based screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA2.
The Syndrome of Asplenia, Pneumococcal Sepsis, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Alan L. Bisno, John C. Freeman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome occurred during the course of fatal pneumococcal sepsis in a previously healthy woman. At postmortem examination the patient was found to have an atrophic spleen weighing 29 g. There have been four previously reported instances of fatal pneumococcal infection in which disseminated intravascular coagulation was documented by coagulation studies or pathologic findings. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome was observed in each case. Three of the patients had undergone splenectomy, and the fourth had splenic atrophy demonstrated at autopsy. A number of additional reports of pneumococcal sepsis with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (but without documented disseminated intravascular coagulation) have been published. Almost all such patients have had atrophic spleens or no spleens. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
PWE-117 Responses to dietary intervention guided by follow-up duodenal biopsy in coeliac disease
Authors: L Sharkey, G Corbett, E Currie, J Lee, N Sweeney, J Woodward
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> British Society of Gastroenterology guidance on repeating the intestinal biopsy in coeliac patients on diet is ambiguous and suggests that dietary advice is the same irrespective of the follow-up biopsy results. Addenbrooke9s Coeliac Disease Clinic has a policy of routine re-biopsy at 9–12 months after commencing gluten withdrawal. The following graded dietary interventions are introduced if villous atrophy is present on repeat biopsy—interview and dietary history; food diary; withdrawal of oats; withdrawal of “Codex” products, barley malt extract, (“supersensitive diet”—SSD); liquid diet. Response is assessed by re-biopsy as we have shown serology to be unreliable in this setting. <h3>Methods</h3> Information was retrieved from the Addenbrooke9s Adult Coeliac Disease database of over 600 patients with coeliac disease (30% male, 70% female, average age at diagnosis 48 yrs and 44 yrs respectively). 170 patients with persisting villous atrophy on follow-up biopsy were identified. Dietetic interventions and outcomes based on subsequent biopsy results were reported. <h3>Results</h3> Of 170 patients with persisting villous atrophy, 84 did not undergo re-biopsy after dietitian intervention and were therefore excluded from further analysis. In 57 patients interview or food diary analysis revealed a likely source of gluten ingestion as the cause of persistent villous atrophy and advice was given to eliminate the likely source (Dietary Advice—DA). In 29 patients, no potential gluten source was identified and a “supersensitive diet” was recommended (SSD). Further biopsy revealed complete normalisation of the duodenal mucosa (Marsh 0) in 14 (24.5%) of the DA group and 8 (27.5%) of the SSD group. Normal or minor changes (Marsh 0, 1, or 2) were seen in 31 (54%) of the DA group and 18 (62%) of the SSD group. Intensive dietary intervention revealed two additional patients who concealed deliberate gluten ingestion. 11 patients who remained persistently seronegative, had no identifiable source of gluten and showed no response to SSD were deemed to be histologically refractory and assigned to careful clinical follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Contrary to current BSG guidance, dietary advice is not irrespective of the outcome of the follow-up biopsy on gluten free diet. Dietitian intervention is effective in over half of the patients who showed persistent villous atrophy despite following a gluten free diet. This strategy also identifies patients who are histologically refractory and at high risk of subsequent complications. These results strongly support a policy of assessment by follow-up biopsy and appropriate specialist dietitian intervention in the management of coeliac disease. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
CHLORAMPHENICOL IN TREATMENT OF TYPHOID IN CHINA
Authors: Frederick G. Scovel
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since chloramphenicol was first used in the treatment of typhoid in 1948 by Woodward,1many others have borne witness to the startling salutary effects of this drug whether given early or late in the course of the disease. A complete review of the literature on this subject would fill many pages, but such reports as seemed most pertinent are listed,2only four of these3coming from China.  The treatment carried out by these observers was begun on varying days of the disease, but with similar beneficial results, i. e., a drop in the temperature associated with clinical improvement in two to four days regardless of the severity of the disease. Nevertheless, some authors are of the opinion that recovery is delayed in those patients who are more critically ill. Nearly all of the reported cases were proved to be of typhoid by positive cultures of the blood,
Hypoplasia and Intrinsic Staining of Enamel Following Tetracycline Therapy
Authors: Carl J. Witkop
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The frequency of defective enamel of primary and secondary teeth in children who received tetracycline during odontogenesis is increasing. The stage of odontogenesis at time of tetracycline administration determines the teeth or portions of teeth affected. Degree of discoloration, hypoplasia, or both is dose-dependent. Hypoplasia and staining of enamel in primary teeth from tetracycline can be differentiated from a similar hypoplasia and staining due to erythroblastosis fetalis by viewing teeth in situ and in ground section under ultraviolet light, by histochemical tests for bile pigments on ground sections of teeth, and by history. Tetracycline is the drug of choice in many infections in which the consequences of the infection outweigh the possible damage to the teeth. However, it should be used judiciously, as it can cause defects in the primary and secondary dentitions if given during the period of odontogenesis.
Activities, Events and Outcomes in Ambulatory Patient Care
Authors: Charles E. Lewis, Barbara A. Resnik, Glenda Schmidt, David Waxman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE importance of evaluating the quality of medical care and the problems associated with such an endeavor have been emphasized repeatedly.1 2 3 4 Most efforts to measure the quality of care have attempted to analyze either the process of giving care or the outcomes or results of care. Studies of both types have been limited by methodologic problems as well as the relative lack of naturally occurring opportunities to apply various technics involving observation or recording of interactions between doctors and patients, chart audits and interview of patients. The sensitivity of physicians to third-party surveillance also has tended to restrict experimentation.There . . .
Expanded criteria for endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer: safe in the long term if feasible in the short term!
Authors: Pedro Barreiro, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopic treatment of malignant superficial gastric lesions has undergone remarkable development in recent decades. Standard criteria for curative endoscopic treatment of these lesions are based on post-resection data and relate to complete resection (no lateral or deep margin involvement) of intramucosal well-differentiated tumors less than 2 cm in size, without ulceration and without lymphovascular invasion [1] [2]. However, the development of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the feasibility of en bloc resection regardless of the size and shape of the lesions have led to a broadening of these criteria to the so-called "expanded criteria" – large lesions, ulcerated, undifferentiated or with minimal submucosal invasion (less than 500 μm). Nevertheless, according to the 2010 Japanese guidelines, the use of these criteria should be regarded as "investigational treatment" [1], while the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) does not yet recognize them as safe [2].
Body Weight and Mortality
Authors: Iraj A. Kashani
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The work by Dr Lee and colleagues<sup>1</sup>demonstrating a direct link between body weight and mortality and lack of greater mortality among the lean after considering the effects of illness-related weight loss and smoking<sup>2</sup>is a reminder that perhaps our messages to the public have been less than perfect. In the past two decades, the link between coronary artery disease and the quality of diet and other behaviors has been established, with emphasis on qualitative aspects of diet (eg, less fat and cholesterol). Should we have placed equal or greater emphasis on the quantitative aspects of diet? The public has been advised to consume more nuts, fish, fish oil, red wine, oat bran, and white meat, but seldom told to eat less. Even the standards for desirable body weight have been increasing over the years. Have we stopped to think that perhaps the direction of
Lomustine Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Arnold Mittelman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The efficacy of lomustine (CCNU) therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma was studied in 23 patients. Only 20 of these cases could be evaluated, and, of these, four showed an objective remission lasting from three to six months. Hypercalcemia was controlled, pulmonary and soft tissue metastases regressed, and recalcification of lytic osseous metastases was noted. The condition of two other patients has been stable for more than six months. Minimal toxicity, such as transient early nausea and vomiting, was associated with drug administration. Moderate thrombocytopenia and mild leukopenia were seen in one third of all patients. Lomustine merits further clinical use in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Influenza immunization changes for elderly?
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The elderly (arbitrarily defined as persons over 65 years of age) suffer influenza morbidity and mortality in disproportionate numbers. Researchers are now suggesting that changes in the dosage and/or timing of influenza immunization might help ease that burden. Older persons less often manifest an adequate immunologic response to influenza vaccination than do members of other age groups (<i>JAMA</i>1985; 253:1136-1139). Consequently, they fall victim to 90% of the excess deaths during influenza epidemics (<i>JAMA</i>[LEADS FROM THE MMWR] 1985;253:3521-3535). At the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, held in Minneapolis, two groups of scientists presented results of work aimed at achieving better protection from influenza for the elderly. Peter A. Gross, MD, director of infectious diseases, Hackensack (NJ) Medical Center, and professor of medicine at the New Jersey Medical School. Newark, NJ, aided by coworkers from Cornell University Medical College, New York City, and the Office of Biologics, Research,
Too few vocational training schemes
Authors: J. D Sinson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

admonished their GP.This provided strong indication of a need for specialists, the acknowledged experts in their technical field, to re-evaluate their approach to patients and by doing so include a more open exploration of the psychosocial issues which cause patients concern.We believe that these findings are most relevant to "dealing with the disadvantaged," who, it would appear, may feel inhibited in their encounters with the medical profession, especially those at consultant level.
Helen House--a hospice for children: analysis of the first year.
Authors: S R Burne, F Dominica, J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Helen House, a hospice for children, opened in Oxford in November 1982. From then until December 1983 care was provided for 52 children with terminal illness, progressive and incurable illness, and very severe handicap. The children came from a wide area of the United Kingdom, and eight died during the year. The style of care provided in Helen House is based on that of the families in their own homes, with a minimum of rules, regulations, and routines. Terminal care follows the principles developed by hospices experienced in the care of adults. Despite the great sadness and distress associated with every child admitted, Helen House is neither a sombre nor a depressing place.
RENAL HEMODYNAMICS, SODIUM AND WATER EXCRETION IN SUPINE EXERCISING NORMAL AND CARDIAC PATIENTS 1
Authors: Oscar W. Freeman, George W. Mitchell, Joseph S. Wilson, F. W. Fitzhugh, Arthur J. Merrill, Beverly Burns, Eloise Cavin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Diminished sodium excretion is one of the factors underlying edema formation in congestive heart failure. The clinical improvement and disappearance of the edema in some cardiac patients treated with bed rest alone suggests the importance of exercise as a potentiating factor in the sodium retention. Exercise studies carried out in normal and cardiac patients in the upright position by other investigators are open to question since the upright position itself is a factor in diminished sodium excretion. In order to exclude postural effects completely, it became necessary to study renal hemodynamics and electrolyte and water excretion in supine exercising subjects.
Mechanisms of Ischemic Preconditioning in Rat Myocardium
Authors: Klaus Vuorinen, Kari Ylitalo, Keijo Peuhkurinen, Pekka Raatikainen, Antti Ala-Rämi, Ilmo E. Hassinen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Adenosine has been proposed as one mediator for the preconditioning effect in the myocardium of some animals, but recent investigations have shown that this may not be the mechanism in the rat heart, although the effect itself is clearly demonstrable. The cellular energy state has been shown to be better in preconditioned hearts, and the role of ATP consumption has been discussed. The role of inhibition of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase as a mechanism for the preservation of ATP in preconditioned hearts remains controversial.Three-minute global ischemia followed by 9 minutes of reperfusion was used to precondition Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, and control hearts were perfused under normoxic conditions for the same time. The duration of sustained ischemia in both groups of hearts was 21 minutes, after which the hearts were reperfused for 15 minutes to evaluate their mechanical and metabolic recovery. Separate experiments were performed for tissue metabolite determinations, mitochondrial ATPase activity measurements, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The recovery of the rate-pressure product was better in the preconditioned group. Three-minute preconditioning ischemia caused inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase that persisted throughout the 9-minute intervening reperfusion so that at the early stages of sustained ischemia the enzyme activity was still more inhibited in preconditioned hearts. ATP was better preserved in preconditioned hearts than in control hearts during sustained ischemia. The accumulation of adenosine and its degradation products during sustained ischemia was greater in the control group. More lactate and H+ ions accumulated in this group, indicating higher anaerobic glycolysis. Also, inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase by oligomycin slowed ATP depletion during ischemia.The results indicate that preconditioning causes inhibition of rat heart mitochondrial ATPase that persists during reperfusion so that the enzyme is inhibited from the very beginning of the sustained ischemia. This inhibition leads to sparing of high-energy phosphates and improves the time-averaged energy state during ischemia. Although a causal relationship is difficult to prove, this reversible inhibition may contribute to postischemic recovery of the heart.
Inferring contextual field interactions from scalp EEG
Authors: Mark E. Pflieger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract This commentary highlights methods for using scalp EEG to make inferences about contextual field interactions, which, in view of the target article, may be specially relevant to the study of schizophrenia. Although scalp EEG has limited spatial resolution, prior knowledge combined with experimental manipulations may be used to strengthen inferences about underlying brain processes. Both spatial and temporal context are discussed within the framework of nonlinear interactions. Finally, results from a visual contour integration EEG pilot study are summarized in view of a hypothesis that relates receptive field and contextual field processing to evoked and induced activity, respectively.