tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by bile acids in rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Daniel Ackermann, Bruno Vogt, Geneviève Escher, Bernhard Dick, Jürg Reichen, Brigitte M. Frey, Felix J. Frey
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Renal sodium retention and potassium loss occur early, in many instances in the preascitic state of cirrhosis, an observation that cannot be fully explained by increased aldosterone concentrations. We therefore hypothesize that 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), which protects mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) from glucocorticosteroids, is down-regulated in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation in rats. The urinary ratio of (tetrahydrocorticosterone + 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone)/ 11-dehydro-tetrahydrocorticosterone [(THB+5α-THB)/THA] was measured by gas chromatography. Cortical collecting tubules (CCT) were isolated by microdis* and used for measurements of the activity of 11β-HSD2 by assessing the conversion of corticosterone to dehydrocorticosterone. The mRNA content of 11β-HSD2 was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in CCTs. The urinary ratio of (THB+5α-THB)/THA increased concomitantly with the urinary excretion of bile acids following bile duct ligation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) dose-dependently inhibited 11β-HSD2 in CCT with a K i of 19.9 μmol/L. Four weeks after bile duct ligation, 11β-HSD2 activity was decreased in CCT, an observation preceded by a reduced mRNA content at weeks 2 and 3. In cirrhosis, the MR-protecting effect by 11β-HSD2 is diminished, and therefore, endogenous glucocorticoids can induce MR-mediated sodium retention and potassium loss.
Heparin adsorbing capacities at physiological pH of three poly(amido-amine) resins, and of poly(amido-amine)-surface-grafted glass microspheres
Authors: P Ferruti, I Domini, R Barbucci, M.C Beni, E Dispensa, S Sancasciani, M.A Marchisio, M.C Tanzi
Journal: Biomaterials (1983)
WHY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS SEND CASES TO THE HOSPITAL.
Authors: S.S. TOWLER
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biphasic response of complement to heparin: Fluid‐phase generation of neoantigens in human serum and in a reconstituted alternative pathway amplification cycle
Authors: Lynn B. Keil, Edward Jimenez, Michael Guma, Marivic Delos Reyes, Chiara Liguori, Vincent A. Debari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract We describe a study of the effects of heparin on complement activation through the use of assays for fragment C4d, fragment Bb, and the S‐C5b‐9 complex (S‐MAC). In sera from healthy volunteers, virtually no change was observed in C4d either as a function of time or of heparin concentration, whereas changes in Bb and S‐MAC were biphasic. This observation was explored in greater detail in the heparin concentration range 0.001–5.0 u/ml (5 × 10 −3 to 25 μg/ml). For both Bb and S‐MAC, a significant ( P &lt; 0.05) increase in production was noted in the heparin concentration range, 0.01–0.5 u/ml (5 × 10 −2 to 2.5 μg/ml). At higher heparin concentrations, Bb and S‐MAC production decreased markedly ( P &lt; 0.05). We reconstituted the alternative pathway amplification cycle (C3, factor B, and factor D) and studied Bb generation. With reactants at concentrations one tenth those of normal serum, we observed a maximum generation of 13.2 μg/ml Bb. Control and heparin at 5 × 10 −4 μg/ml generated Bb concentrations of 6.8 and 6.1 μg/ml, respectively, for a 2‐min incubation; at 5 × 10 −3 μg/ml heparin, Bb was increased to 9.8 μg/ml. Using isoelectric focusing to study anionic pI shifts in heparin‐bound factors B and D, it was found that factor B bound heparin only at the highest heparin concentration studied, i.e., 50 μg/ml; factor D, however, bound heparin at a much lower concentration (0.05 μg/ml). We conclude that, at low concentrations, heparin activates complement due to potentiation of the alternative pathway amplification cycle in the fluid phase.
Paranasal Sinus Pathology in Allergic and Non‐Allergic Respiratory Tract Diseases
Authors: K. M. De Cleyn, E. A. Kersschot, L. S. De Clerck, P. M. Ortmanns, A. M. De Schepper, H. P. Van Bever, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Two hundred and seventy patients with asthma and/or rhinitis (162 or 60% allergic, 108 or 40 % non‐allergic) were studied for sinus pathology by means of standard X‐rays and tomograms. Sinus pathology was defined as abnormal sinus X‐rays, either on standard or tomography. Fifty‐four percent of the X‐rays were classified as abnormal based on mucosal thickening, loss of translucency of the cavities or polyps. Asthma was significantly more often associated with sinus X‐ray abnormalities (65.1 %) than rhinitis and/or chronic cough (44.4%). Loss of translucency of the cavities is more frequent in children, whereas mucosa thickening becomes more frequent with progressing age. Since in this prospective study the taking of X‐rays of the sinuses was not dependent on or related to temporarily occurring symptoms which could be attributed to acute sinusitis, the presence of sinus abnormalities on X‐rays can be considered as an indicator of the chronicity of airways diseases and might provide an indication for prophylactic therapy of the associated airway disease in a continuous way. The importance of sinus tomograms is stressed, since only 32.5% of the patients with mucosa thickening could be detected on standard X‐rays.
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE MACROPHAGE
Authors: Zena Werb, Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The cholesterol metabolism of homogeneous populations of mouse peritoneal macrophages was evaluated under in vitro conditions. Macrophages are rich in free cholesterol and maintain a constant cholesterol to protein ratio (12 µg cholesterol/mg protein). No detectable cholesterol ester was present within the cell. More than 95% of total cholesterol was membrane associated and the majority was present in subcellular fractions containing lysosomes and plasma membrane. Less than 0.1% of cell cholesterol was synthesized from acetate-1-14C. During in vitro cultivation, macrophages rapidly exchanged their membrane cholesterol with that of lipoproteins of calf serum. About 30% of the cell cholesterol was exchanged per hour in 20% serum medium, and exchange was nearly complete by 5 hr. Exchange proceeded in a rapid exponential phase followed by a slower phase. Calculations based on a two compartment model indicated that the rapidly exchanging cholesterol compartment represented 60–70% of the total cell cholesterol, and the slowly exchanging compartment accounted for 30–40%. The relationship between serum lipoprotein concentration and exchange rate exhibited first-order kinetics. The rate was determined by thermal energy, in keeping with a Q10 of 2, and an activation energy of 12 kcal/mole. Exchange was independent of bulk transport of lipoproteins by pinocytosis and phagocytosis, and was not linked to energy metabolism. The α-lipoproteins were the major class of proteins of calf serum participating in exchange.
Sudden Death in Idiopathic (Congenital) Right Atrial Enlargement
Authors: LORE TENCKHOFF, STANLEY J. STAMM, J. BRUCE BECKWITH
Journal: Circulation (1969)

A case of idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium is presented and 13 other cases are reviewed. The patient whose case is reported died suddenly at home 6 months after onset of atrial flutter. This represents the first case in which postmortem findings are available. The patient demonstrates that the anomaly cannot be considered entirely benign as has been suggested in previous reports. Other complications that may occur particularly in cases of massive atrial enlargement are atrial arrhythmias, syncope, and right ventricular compression. The importance of recognizing this condition as a clinical entity is stressed because surgical excision of a portion of the enlarged atrium appears to be both easy and curative and because these cases may be mistakenly diagnosed as mediastinal tumor or pericardial effusion. The possible relationship of this apparently congenital abnormality to Uhl's anomaly is discussed.
Intracellular accumulation of subviral HBsAg particles and diminished Nrf2 activation in HBV genotype G expressing cells lead to an increased ROI level
Authors: Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Sami Akhras, Kiyoshi Himmelsbach, Matthias Hassemer, Malin Finkernagel, Gert Carra, Michael Nuebling, Michael Chudy, Hauke Niekamp, Dieter Glebe, Christoph Sarrazin, Stefan Zeuzem, Eberhard Hildt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
In vitro and in vivo changes in human complement caused by silage.
Authors: S A Olenchock, J J May, D S Pratt, D M Lewis, J C Mull, L Stallones
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Aqueous extracts of silage samples from four farms in up-state New York were reacted in vitro with normal human serum. Hemolytic levels of complement component C3 were consumed in a dose-dependent fashion, and the four extracts differed in their relative activity rankings. Studies with chelated serum indicate that the alternative complement pathway is involved in the activation, and the active fragment C3b was demonstrated. Serum levels of hemolytic C3 and C4 in vivo were quantified before and after farmers performed their normal silo unloading operations. Although the study groups were small, suggestive evidence of in vivo complement consumption was found. IgE-related allergy did not appear to be of significance to the study groups. Complement activation may be an initiator of or contributor to adverse reactions in farmers who are exposed to airborne silage dusts.
Helicobacter pylori infection is related to atheroma in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: N Ossei-Gerning, P Moayyedi, S Smith, D Braunholtz, J.I Wilson, A.T.R Axon, P.J Grant
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives:Helicobacter pylori infection has been related to an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) possibly by raising plasma fibrinogen. The evidence for this association is conflicting. Furthermore, no attempt has been made to distinguish between an effect on atheroma and thrombosis. We have determined the association of H. pylori status with IHD assessed by coronary angiography. We have also evaluated the influence of H. pylori infection on haemostatic factors. Methods: Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected IHD were recruited. H. pylori status was determined by serology (Helico G). Plasma fibrinogen was measured by the Clauss assay. Coronary angiograms were assessed and significant atheroma defined as ≥50% stenosis. A history of myocardial infarction was ascertained by WHO criteria. Results: 292 patients were recruited (median age 59, 95 female); 204 (70%) patients had IHD and 185 (64%) of all patients were H. pylori-positive; 68% patients with IHD were H. pylori-positive compared with 50% without IHD (P = 0.003). When adjusted for other risk factors by logistic regression, H. pylori remained significantly associated with IHD (odds ratio=2.4, 95%CI=1.2–5.1, P = 0.02). H. pylori status was not related to a history of myocardial infarction. Circulating levels of PAI-1, vWF, Factor VII and fibrinogen were not related to H. pylori status. Conclusion: This study suggests that infection with H. pylori is associated with coronary atheroma, but that this relationship is unlikely to be mediated through raised plasma fibrinogen.
Midterm Results After Stentless Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Thomas Walther, Sven Lehmann, Volkmar Falk, Claudia Walther, Nico Doll, Ardawan Rastan, Sebastian Metz, Johannes Schneider, Jan Gummert, Friedrich W. Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— To analyze the midterm clinical results after stentless mitral valve (SMV) replacement. Methods and Results— Fifty one patients (68.3±8.4 years, 35 female) with severe mitral valve disease (stenosis 25, incompetence 17, mixed lesion 9) received a chordally supported SMV (Quattro™, St. Jude Medical Inc.) since August 1997. Preoperative New York Heart Association class was 3.1±0.6; left ventricular ejection fraction 64±13%, and cardiac index 2.1±0.8 l/min/m 2 . Additional intraoperative ablation therapy was performed on 19 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Mean follow-up is 35.4±19.2 months (range 5 to 63). SMV implantation was performed using a conventional (32) or a minimally invasive (19) approach, valve size was 29±1.5 mm, cross-clamp duration was 81±33 minutes. Atrial rhythm was reestablished in 16 of 19 patients. Five patients required reoperation early in this series, two for paravalvular leakage, two for functional stenosis, and one with underlying rheumatoid disease. Mortality was one perioperative (1.96%, non-valve-related), one after reoperation as a result of multiple organ failure (MOF), and five during late follow-up (30±7 months postoperatively) for noncardiac causes. Regular echocardiographic control revealed good SMV function (V max 1.7±0.2m/s, P mean 3.9±1.2 mm Hg) and well-preserved ejection fraction postoperatively and at most recent follow-up. Conclusions— Midterm results after SMV implantation are promising. Preservation of the annuloventricular continuity leads to stable left ventricular function and combined with ablation therapy to physiological hemodynamics. Long-term durability remains to be proven.
Lymphocyte phenotype and function in pseudolymphoma associated with Sjögren's syndrome.
Authors: R I Fox, T C Adamson, S Fong, C A Robinson, E L Morgan, J A Robb, F V Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Lymph node (LNL) and salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) from three patients with pseudolymphoma and primary Sjögren's syndrome (1(0)SS) were characterized with monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate (a) a predominance of T cells (greater than 80%) reactive with anti-T cell antibodies OKT4 (greater than 70%) and OKT8 (less than 20%); (b) a high prevalence of activation antigens (greater than 50% of cells reactive with antibody OKT10 and anti-Ia antibody); (c) polyclonal B cells (8-15% of all cells expressing kappa or lambda); and (d) a specific B cell subset defined by reactivity with antibody B532 that was not present in their peripheral blood. In vitro functional studies showed that both SGL and LNL provided T helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis and that this activity could be abolished by treatment with antibody OKT4 plus complement. The SGL and LNL exhibited little natural killer, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or cytotoxic T cell activity. Normal karyotype was observed in SGL, LNL, and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from these patients. These findings indicate that pseudolymphoma in 1(0)SS results from the infiltration of salivary glands and extraglandular tissues by nonneoplastic T helper cells. Monoclonal antibodies provide an important tool to distinguish pseudolymphoma from non-Hodgkins (B cell) lymphomas that have a markedly elevated incidence in 1(0)SS patients. Our finding of T helper cells in pseudolymphoma tissues supports the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of B cells by helper T cells leads to eventual escape of a malignant B cell clone.
Previously known and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: A major risk indicator after a myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction☆
Authors: Lars Køber, Karl Swedberg, John J.V. McMurray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Eric J. Velazquez, Rafael Diaz, Aldo P. Maggioni, Viatcheslav Mareev, Grzegorz Opolski, Frans Van de Werf, Faiez Zannad, Georg Ertl, Scott D. Solomon, Steven Zelenkofske, Jean‐Lucien Rouleau, Jeffrey D. Leimberger, Robert M. Califf
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Skeletal Muscle Glucocorticoid Receptor Density and Insulin Resistance
Authors: R. M. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (2002)

When Are Medication Side Effects Due to the Nocebo Phenomenon?To the Editor: In their discussion of the nocebo phenomenon, Dr Barsky and colleagues 1 do not adequately address the issue of causality.Like the distinction between "adverse events" (which occur while receiving a drug, irrespective of causality) and "adverse drug reactions" (which have a plausible causal relationship to the drug), any discussion of the nocebo phenomenon should distinguish between adverse events occurring while receiving placebo vs those directly attributable to it.In the studies that Barsky et al cite as offering quantitative support for their position, it is not clear that this distinction has been made, since most clinical trials elicit adverse events by asking questions such as "Have you felt differently in any way since your last visit?"Because it is even more difficult to determine causality for placebos than for active drugs, it will be challenging to obtain accurate information on the magnitude of this important problem.
Dose-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by thermal injury with pulsed infrared lasers.
Authors: P C Douek, R Correa, R Neville, E F Unger, M Shou, S Banai, V J Ferrans, S E Epstein, M B Leon, R F Bonner
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Recently, laser-heated and radio frequency-heated balloon angioplasty techniques have been proposed as a means to treat or minimize dissection and elastic recoil but have been associated with a high rate of clinical restenosis. Similarly, pulsed laser angioplasty techniques proposed to minimize thermal injury while ablating obstructing atheroma have failed to reduce clinical restenosis. Because "hot balloon" and pulsed laser angioplasty create both mechanical and thermal injury, it has been difficult to discern the cause of the smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation resulting in restenosis and whether such magnitude of proliferation is predictable and dose related. This study was undertaken to explore these issues.Localized thermal lesions accompanying efficient ablation were created with a pulsed Tm:YAG laser in nine rabbit aortas, which consistently led to a focal proliferation of SMC that filled the ablated region by 4 weeks. Transcutaneous Ho:YAG pulsed laser irradiation at multiple independent sites of 24 central rabbit ear arteries without ablation led to brief approximately 30 degrees C thermal transients and thermal damage to the artery wall resulting in significant neointimal proliferation by 3 weeks and a mean cross-sectional narrowing of 59 +/- 17% at a dose of 390 mJ/mm2. Acute and chronic responses to varying total energy deposition were studied by histology after the rabbits were killed at 2 hours to 4 weeks. Arterial segments midway between laser injuries were unaffected and served as internal controls. Neointimal proliferation at 3 weeks after laser injury exhibited a clear dose dependence. Mean cross-sectional narrowing increased from 34 +/- 10% to 85 +/- 15% as laser fluence increased from 240 mJ/cm2 to 640 mJ/cm2 (r = 0.84). Similarly, cross-sectional narrowing caused by SMC neointimal proliferation increased from 20 +/- 10% to 77 +/- 17% for a fixed surface irradiation as the depth of the most superficial arterial media decreased from 600 microns to 330 microns (r = 0.94).Thermal injury to the arterial wall is a potent stimulus for SMC proliferation and may necessitate reduction in laser or thermal energy used for angioplasty. Moreover, a dose-response relation exists between the degree of thermal injury and SMC proliferative response. Hence, this technique could be used as a practical model of restenosis suitable for screening therapies for inhibition of SMC proliferation.
Prevention of exercise‐induced asthma by drugs inhaled from metered aerosols
Authors: E. Svenonius, M. Arborelius, R. Wiberg, P. Ekberg
Journal: Allergy (1988)

The capacity of salbutamol 0.3 mg (SAL), disodium cromoglycate 3 mg (DSCG), a combination (SAL + DSCG), and ipratropium bromide 80 ug (IB), all given as metered aerosols to prevent exercise‐induced (EIA), was compared with that of a placebo, a peroral lactose pill. Seven children participated, having reproducible EIA provoked by running on a treadmill at a heart rate of 170 sustained for 6 min. FEV, and volume of trapped gas (VTG), defined as the air volume released during rebreathing oxygen with maximum breaths at the end of a multiple breath nitrogen wash out, were used as tests of spasm in large and small airways. SAL and SAL + DSCG offered complete protection in large and small airways. DSCG and IB prevented EIA in large airways (FEVj) to 95%, but only to about 50% in small airways (VTG). SAL or SAL + DSCG gave significantly better protection (FEV 1 and VTG) than DSCG and IB ( P &lt; 0.01). Differences between DSCG and IB were not statistically significant. DSCG or propellant caused significant irritation and spasm in small airways (VTG) before exercise. Most subjects seemed to obtain satisfactory protection against EIA by β 2 ‐agonists.
The MR tracking of transplanted ATDC5 cells using fluorinated poly-l-lysine-CF3
Authors: Junichi Maki, Chiaki Masuda, Shigehiro Morikawa, Masahito Morita, Toshiro Inubushi, Yoshitaka Matsusue, Hiroyasu Taguchi, Ikuo Tooyama
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Discrimination value of the new western prognostic system (CLIP score) for hepatocellular carcinoma in 662 Japanese patients
Authors: Shinichi Ueno, Gen Tanabe, Katsumi Sako, Takuya Hiwaki, Hirohumi Hokotate, Yoshihiko Fukukura, Yoshirou Baba, Yasushi Imamura, Takashi Aikou
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

To reliably estimate the prognoses of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both liver function and tumor-related factors should be accounted for. However, there are few worldwide staging systems that assess prognostic value in the context of selecting individual patients for randomized stratification in therapeutic and clinical trials. We investigated the value of known prognostic systems and verified the usefulness of the new scoring system proposed by the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), as determined from 662 Japanese patients. A retrospective analysis of the HCC diagnoses at 4 Japanese institutions from 1990 and 1998 was performed. Overall survival was the only end point used in the analysis. Discriminatory ability and predictive power of the CLIP score were compared with those of Okuda stage and AJCC TNM stage. Compared with the Okuda and AJCC staging systems, the CLIP score's enhanced discriminatory capacity, which was tested by the linear trend test and Harrels' c -index, revealed a class of patients with an impressively more favorable prognosis and another class with a relatively shorter life expectancy. Moreover, the likelihood ratio test showed that the CLIP score had additional homogeneity of survival within each score above that of the Okuda stage or the AJCC stage. This was true for 3 subgroups of patients who received surgery, transcatheter arterial chemoembolizations, and percutaneous ethanol injections. Collectively, these findings indicate that the CLIP score has the highest stratification ability with regard to prognosis in patients with HCC. The CLIP score could be used internationally to stratify randomization groups in therapeutic and clinical trials. (Hepatology 2001;34:529-534.)