tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 26-1977
Authors: Harry Schwachman, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 46-year-old office worker was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.He was in good health until five years previously, when a productive cough developed, accompanied by dyspnea. A physician made a diagnosis of bronchitis and bronchiectasis and prescribed tetracycline. Two years before entry dyspnea recurred, and he entered another hospital, where he was said to have a pseudomonas respiratory-tract infection and pulmonary emphysema. Multiple antibiotics were given. Seventeen months before admission measurement of the sweat electrolytes, performed with pilocarpine iontophoresis, revealed 459 mg of sweat in the left upper extremity and 452 mg in the . . .
Abstract 2818: Urinary MMP-2 and MMP-9 predict the presence of ovarian cancer in women with normal CA125 levels
Authors: Christine M. Coticchia, Adam S. Curatolo, David Zurakowski, Ursula A. Matulonis, Marsha A. Moses
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Currently, the only widely used biomarker for monitoring ovarian cancer status and response to therapy is the cancer antigen 125 (CA125). Interestingly, the majority of newly developed ovarian cancer multi-marker assays also rely heavily on serum CA125 levels as one of the biomarkers in their panels. However, 20% of women with advanced ovarian cancer have blood CA125 levels within the normal range of 35 U/mL and below. These women represent a cohort of patients for whom no clinically useful biomarkers are available for monitoring disease status, stage or response to therapy. To address this need, we asked whether a panel of urinary biomarkers that we have previously validated for use in other cancers, could predict the presence of disease in women with ovarian cancer possessing normal CA125 levels. Urine samples were collected from 81 healthy controls and 26 ovarian cancer patients with blood CA125 levels below 35 U/mL. Using monospecific ELISAs, we determined that urinary levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and the neutrophil gelatinase lipocalin 2 (NGAL) are detected at significantly higher levels in the urine of ovarian cancer patients than in the urine of healthy controls. Additionally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) analysis of these groups revealed that, individually, MMP-2, MMP-9 and NGAL each could significantly distinguish ovarian cancer patients with CA125 &amp;lt; 35 U/mL from controls. The best combination of biomarkers for predicting the presence of disease was MMP-2 plus MMP-9 with an ROC AUC of 0.7332 (P&amp;lt;0.01). When these biomarkers were multiplexed with age, a know risk factor of ovarian cancer, the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers increased to an AUC of 0.820 (P&amp;lt;0.001). This combination of urinary MMP-2, MMP-9 and age demonstrated excellent diagnostic capability in differentiating ovarian cancer patients from healthy controls among the cohort of patients for whom CA125 values were uninformative. Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Ovations for the Cure of Ovarian Cancer (MAM and UAM) and the Stuart Weitzman Foundation (MAM). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2818. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2818
Mechanism of relief of pacing induced angina with oral verapamil: reduced oxygen demand.
Authors: J L Rouleau, K Chatterjee, T A Ports, M B Doyle, B Hiramatsu, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To evaluate the influence of oral verapamil (80 and 120 mg) on angina threshold, coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular function, we subjected 13 patients with effort angina and fixed obstructive coronary artery disease to atrial pacing at progressively higher heart rates. After 120 mg of verapamil, the time to onset of angina and the heart rate at the onset of ST-segment depression increased by 18% (p less than 0.005) and 10% (p less than 0.001), respectively, without any change in the angina threshold (rate-pressure product at the onset of angina). The rate-pressure product, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were lower at rest and at pre-angina heart rates but not when the angina threshold was reached. Thus, the beneficial effect of verapamil was primarily due to decreased myocardial oxygen demand rather than to increased coronary blood flow. The decreased demand resulted from a lower arterial pressure at each pacing rate. In these patients without heart failure, left ventricular pump function did not deteriorate. This beneficial response was less with 80 mg of oral verapamil. These findings suggest that oral verapamil has a potential role in the management of patients with effort angina due to fixed obstructive coronary artery disease.
Reconstitution in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency by Transplantation of Marrow from an Unrelated Donor
Authors: Richard J. O'Reilly, Bo Dupont, Savita Pahwa, Elena Grimes, Elizabeth M. Smithwick, Rajendra Pahwa, Stanley Schwartz, John A. Hansen, Frederick P. Siegal, Michael Sorell, Arne Svejgaard, Casper Jersild, Mogens Thomsen, Per Platz, Pierre L'Esperance, Robert A. Good
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency received seven transplants of bone marrow from an HLA-B-compatible and HLA-D-compatible unrelated donor in an attempt to provide immunologic reconstitution. The first four transplants achieved restricted engraftment with evidence of rudimentary immunologic function. A fifth transplant, given after low-dose cyclophosphamide, produced reconstituion of cell-mediated immunity. Marrow aplasia developed after recontamination with a nonpathogenic microflora. Transplantation of marrow previously stored in liquid nitrogen was ineffective. A subsequent transplant, administered after high-dose cyclophosphamide, achieved durable engraftment, with complete hematopoietic and immunologic reconstitution. Seventeen months after transplantation, full functional engraftment persists. Graft-versus-host disease has been chronic and moderately severe, but limited to the skin and oral mucosa. Transplantation of marrow from unrelated histocompatible donors may provide a useful treatment for patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or aplastic anemia who lack a matched sibling or related donor.
Specificity and Sensitivity of Cortisol-Induced Changes in Alpha Aminoisobutyric Acid Transport in Human Leukemic Small Lymphocytes and Leukemic Myeloblasts
Authors: Patrick A. Frengley, Marshall A. Lichtman, William A. Peck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

We have examined the in vitro effect of glucocorticoid and nonglucocorticoid steroids on the transport of [3-14C]alpha aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and myeloblasts from patients with acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL). AIB uptake by CLL lymphocytes was markedly inhibited at 1.0 μM (52±2.1%) and slightly inhibited at 0.1 μM (17±3.0%) cortisol. A similar degree of inhibition developed at 50-fold lower concentrations of dexamethasone, indicating that the effect of these steroids on AIB accumulation parallels their glucocorticoid activity in vivo. In contrast, minimal or no inhibition was observed with steroids devoid of glucocorticoid activity (progesterone, testosterone, cortisone). 11-deoxycortisol, a nonglucocorticoid known to impede the binding of cortisol to cellular receptors in animal lymphocytes, failed to inhibit AIB uptake by CLL lymphocytes appreciably, but reduced the effect of cortisol to a statistically significant degree. Hence, cortisol-induced inhibition of AIB transport in CLL lymphocytes is related to its glucocorticoid activity and appears to require initial interaction with glucocorticoid-specific cellular receptors.
Abstract 1352: Cytoplasmic galectin-7 has an antiapoptotic function by decreasing p53 nuclear translocation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Andrée-Anne Grosset, Donald Gagné, Marilyne Labrie, Maria Vladoiu, Louis Gaboury, Nicolas Doucet, Yves St-Pierre
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Resistance to apoptosis induced by anti-cancer drugs is a major obstacle for the treatment of aggressive forms of breast cancer. Galectin-7 was recently shown to be specifically expressed in basal-like and HER-2 positive but not in luminal subtypes of human breast cancer. Overexpression of galectin-7 in breast cancer cells also increases lung and bone metastases. However, the molecular mechanisms used by galectin-7 to increase the dissemination of breast cancer cells remain largely unknown. Although galectins are best known for their ability to bind cell surface receptors, there is increasing evidence that their intracellular forms have important functions in cancer cells. This is particularly true in the control of apoptosis. Up to now, regulation of apoptosis by intracellular galectins has been largely attributed to their ability to translocate to mitochondria, possibly following their interaction with bcl-2. Here, we report that a mutant of galectin-7 that is unable to translocate to mitochondria and nucleus induces resistance of human breast cancer cells to apoptosis induced by etoposide or by hypoxia-mimicking conditions. Surprisingly, this mutant and the wild-type form of galectin-7 bind equally well to bcl-2 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, both forms decreases the translocation of p53 to the nucleus and reduce the expression of p21 following treatment with doxorubicin. These results challenges the current paradigm that mitochondrial galectins are important for resistance to apoptosis and call for a greater focus on the role of cytosolic galectins in cancer cells. Our data also indicate that targeting cytosolic galectin-7 could improve the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of aggressive forms of breast cancer. Citation Format: Andrée-Anne Grosset, Donald Gagné, Marilyne Labrie, Maria Vladoiu, Louis Gaboury, Nicolas Doucet, Yves St-Pierre. Cytoplasmic galectin-7 has an antiapoptotic function by decreasing p53 nuclear translocation in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1352
Chromosome analysis techniques expand; new links to cancer
Authors: G. McBride
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The structural basis of allergenicity: recombinant DNA-based strategies for the study of allergens
Authors: B. A. Baldo, G. R. Donovan
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The use of recombinant DNA techniques for the study of allergenicity of proteins is a viable, and in many ways a preferred, alternative to the traditional procedures of protein purification, digestion and analysis of peptides for both allergenicity and amino acid sequence. The process of protein purification can be difficult and in many instances workers are forced to use only partially pure fractions that make the identification of the allergenic proteins uncertain. Furthermore, the purification and sequencing of peptides and their testing for retention of allergenic properties, represents a substantial and time-consuming work load. The synthesis of families of synthetic peptides to characterize the amino acids important for allergenic properties is also expensive and time-consuming. On the other hand, the preparation of a cDNA library from an allergen source is today a relatively easy and inexpensive task. The isolation and purification of cDNA clones is comparatively trivial compared to protein purification. Using the techniques described in this text, it can be seen that the molecular biological approach, although in some respects similar in principle to those of the protein chemist to study allergens, provides the capability to study several clones at the same time, and to compare clones for the presence of conserved regions corresponding to allergenic determinants. In addition, the techniques for generating mutant sequences provides perhaps the most powerful and simple set of procedures available for defining the amino acid structures essential for proteins or peptides to behave as allergens.
Cytokines induce urokinase-dependent adhesion of human myeloid cells. A regulatory role for plasminogen activator inhibitors.
Authors: D A Waltz, L Z Sailor, H A Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Differentiation of monocytic precursors often results in adhesive properties thought to be important in migration. In this study, the influence of cytokines, known to induce macrophage differentiation, on the adhesiveness of the monocytic cell line U937 was examined in vitro. Despite development of a macrophage morphology, < 5% of cytokine-stimulated U937 cells were adherent at 24 h. Addition of 1-10 nM urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) induced adherence in the presence of transforming growth factor type beta-1, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or tumor necrosis factor alpha. uPA-dependent adhesiveness was reversible after 24 h of stimulation with cytokines and uPA as adherence was prevented by the subsequent addition of anti-uPA antibodies. Adherence induced by diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated uPA was severalfold greater than that seen with active uPA. This difference was largely due to cell-surface turnover of active uPA complexed with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). These data indicate that cytokines prime monocyte progenitors for uPA receptor-mediated signals leading to adherence, continued uPA receptor occupancy is required for adherence, and PAI decreases adherence by promoting clearance of uPA/PAI complexes. Thus the interaction of uPA and PAI at the cell surface, known to affect extracellular matrix proteolysis and hence myeloid cell migration, also regulates adhesion. The coordinated regulation of these two uPA functions by PAI may enhance the migratory potential of monocytic cells.
Hemodynamic Alterations Caused by Passive Changes in Body Position in Dogs with Chronic Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: Dalmo de S. Amorim, Hiram W. Marshall, John L. Wolford, Earl H. Wood
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The effects of passive tilting on the circulatory pressures and on the magnitude of shunts across chronic atrial septal defects were studied in 11 dogs with closed chests. These determinations were performed with the dogs in four positions: 45-degree head-up, 45-degree head-down, right lateral decubitus, and left lateral decubitus. Control values were obtained with the animals in the supine horizontal position. The 45-degree head-up tilt position was associated with an increase in the magnitude of the right-to-left shunt detected after injections of indicator into the inferior vena cava, while change from supine to the 45-degree head-down tilt resulted in a decrease or disappearance of a pre-existing right-to-left shunt detected after similar injections. These effects on the right-to-left shunt were not demonstrable after injections of indicator into the superior vena cava, either during the head-up or head-down tilt, in spite of identical alterations in circulatory pressures. A significant interanimal correlation between the magnitude of the changes in systemic or right atrial pressures and the magnitude of the changes in right-to-left shunts could not be demonstrated. Passive changes in posture from supine to 45-degree head-up or head-down positions were not associated with demonstrable systematic effects on the magnitude of the left-to-right shunts. It is postulated that the descent of the heart and diaphragm during the head-up tilt results in a closer anatomical relation between the ostium of the inferior vena cava and the defect in the atrial septum and consequently an increase in the preferential shunting of inferior caval blood through this defect. In these animals, changing the body position from the supine to the right lateral decubitus position was consistently associated with an increase in the magnitude of the left-to-right shunts across the atrial septal defect and an increase in pulmonary blood flow. Since these animals have preferential shunting of blood from the right lung in the left-to-right direction, it is believed that the increase in blood flow through the dependent right lung is responsible for the observed increase in the left-to-right shunt. The left lateral decubitus position was not associated with appreciable effects on pulmonary blood flow or left-to-right shunting of blood across the atrial septal defect.
Value of Targeted Prostate Biopsy Using Magnetic Resonance–Ultrasound Fusion in Men with Prior Negative Biopsy and Elevated Prostate-specific Antigen
Authors: Geoffrey A. Sonn, Edward Chang, Shyam Natarajan, Daniel J. Margolis, Malu Macairan, Patricia Lieu, Jiaoti Huang, Frederick J. Dorey, Robert E. Reiter, Leonard S. Marks
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Disturbances of Metabolism Associated with Head Injuries
Authors: Wilfred Pickles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

Diabetes is a wonderful affection, not very frequent among men, being a melting down of the flesh and limbs into urine. Its cause is of a cold and humid nature as in dropsy. The course is the common one, namely the kidneys and bladder; for the patients never stop making water, but the flow is incessant, as if from the opening of aqueducts. The nature of the disease, then, is chronic, and it takes a long period to form; but the patient is short-lived, if the constitution of the disease be completely established; for the melting is rapid, the death . . .
Doctors and Overpopulation
Authors: T. L. Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This letter stresses the need for population control and stipulates that people who have identified their motive for controlling family size must do so and those without a motive should be given one.  The method used in Singapore is suggested as a workable motive.  With any child from the fourth on no maternity leave no benefits and no child allowance is given but sterilization is free and available.  When the child became a financial burden it was noted that women immediately sought sterilization although a few men had vasectomies.  The birth rate dropped immediately and people were found to accept their new motive for family planning.
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. V. The 'old code' of medical ethics and some problems it had to face
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Attempts by nineteenth-century American physicians to upgrade the status of the medical profession influenced the development of their code of ethics, as chronicled here. Unlike the case in Great Britain, physicians in the U.S. did not constitute a homogenous class in background and education. To distinguish 'regular' physicians from other practitioners such as homeopaths, medical societies tended to emphasize adherence to 'orthodox medical beliefs' in defining the standards of the profession.
Aerosolized Pentamidine Promising in Pneumocystis Therapy, Prophylaxis
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

AEROSOL DELIVERY of pentamidine may be the key to effective prophylaxis and therapy for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). According to early studies, not only does the aerosolized form of the drug appear to eradicate and prevent PCP, it does so without many of the serious side effects associated with parenterally administered pentamidine. The results have prompted two companies, LyphoMed, Inc, Melrose Park, Ill, and Fisons Corporation, Bedford, Mass, to compete for the exclusive rights to market it under the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Orphan Drug Act. Both companies are sponsoring extensive clinical trials. LyphoMed, which is backing trials at San Francisco General Hospital, already has exclusive US marketing rights for intravenous and intramuscular pentamidine for the treatment of PCP until 1991. However, that exclusivity applies only to parenteral delivery and an indication for treatment. LyphoMed would also like to have a monopoly
Tragic Events of April 1996
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 March 2001Tragic Events of April 1996Jack Coulehan, MDJack Coulehan, MDState University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036 (Coulehan)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In response to Dr. Simcic, my impression is that Australian media do, in fact, feature fewer violent images than U.S. media. Certainly the tenor of Australian television programming is less violent. Nonetheless, as Dr. Simcic notes, the relationship between graphic violence in popular culture and violent crime is unclear.Dr. Starkenburg argues that the 1996 Australian gun laws have failed because rates of robbery and assault have increased. However, I encourage interested readers to explore the Australian Institute of Criminology Web site (1), which shows that robbery and assault have been increasing since at least 1991. Thus, the ...References1. Australian Institute of Criminology. Available at www.aic.gov.au/index.html. Accessed January 2001. Google Scholar2. Richardson HL. Going Down, Down Under. Gun Owners of America. Available at www.gunowners.org. Accessed January 2001. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jack Coulehan, MDAffiliations: State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036 (Coulehan) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Tragic Events of April 1996 Kenneth J. Simcic Tragic Events of April 1996 Robert Starkenburg Tragic Events of April 1996 Katherine E. Tiller Tragic Events of April 1996 Harry J. Driedger Tragic Events of April 1996 Stephen Sandroni Metrics 6 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 5Page: 425-426KeywordsAssaultBehaviorCardiovascular therapyEmotionsFallsHeart diseasesHomicideLegislationPlagueViolent crime ePublished: 6 March 2001 Issue Published: 6 March 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...