tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in natriuretic and antinatriuretic systems after closure of a large arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Z Abassi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Surgical closure of a large arteriovenous (A–V) fistula in patients and animals is associated with prompt diuresis and natriuresis. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remained largely unknown. Methods: The present study evaluated the hormonal balance between major antinatriuretic systems (plasma renin activity, PRA, and arginine vasopressin, AVP) and natriuretic systems (atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP, and renal nitric oxide, NO) in Wistar rats with an A–V fistula (1.2 mm O.D., side to side) between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. Results: The placement of an A–V fistula caused progressive sodium retention (UNaV decreased from 1500 to 100 μequiv./day), a significant drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from 127±3 to 75±2 mmHg (P<0.01), and a significant increase in ANP (from 94±12 to 389±135 pg/ml, P<0.05), PRA (from 22.1±2.0 to 47±14 ng angiotensin I [Ang I]/ml/h, P<0.05), AVP (from 14.2±3.6 to 37.7±9.6 pg/ml, P<0.05), norepinephrine (from 184.2±40.5 to 1112.6±293.2 pg/ml, P<0.05) and epinephrine (from 667.5±175.9 to 2049.8±496.9 pg/ml, P<0.05). Furthermore, these changes were associated with a 3-fold increase in the renal medullary immunoreactive levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), an endogenous vasodilator that plays an important role in the regulation of medullary blood flow. After 6 days, rats with A–V fistula and maximal sodium retention underwent surgical closure of the A–V fistula. The A–V fistula closure was associated with dramatic natriuresis (UNaV=2563±78 and 1918±246 μEq/day on days 3 and 6 following the closure, respectively) and restoration of MAP to normal levels (111±6 mmHg); PRA decreased to 29±5 ng Ang I/ml/h, AVP to 20.3±7.1 pg/ml, and medullary eNOS declined to basal levels, whereas plasma ANP concentrations remained elevated (380±90 pg/ml) after 3 days and returned to normal (92±12 pg/ml) on day 6. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the creation of A–V fistula is associated with activation of both natriuretic and antinatriuretic systems. Closure of A–V fistula is characterized by shifting the balance in favor of the natriuretic substances. Moreover, the observed alterations in medullary eNOS following the creation and closure of A–V fistula suggest that this system, an important determinant of medullary blood flow, may contribute significantly to the regulation of sodium excretion in this model.
Cardiac Catheterization Studies after Combined Tricuspid, Mitral, and Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: J. DAVID BRISTOW, FRANK E. KLOSTER, RODNEY HERR, ALBERT STARR, COLIN W. MCCORD, HERBERT E. GRISWOLD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Postoperative cardiac catheterizations were performed in eight patients within the first year following replacement of the tricuspid, mitral, and aortic valves with Starr-Edwards ball-valve prostheses. Two additional patients were studied who had mitral and tricuspid replacement. Before surgery the patients characteristically had distinct elevation of right and left atrial pressures, and markedly reduced cardiac outputs. Four individuals had marked pulmonary hypertension. At the postoperative catheterizations, consistent changes were an increase in cardiac output, a decrease in right and left atrial pressures, and a decrease in right ventricular systolic pressure. The last change was particularly notable in those individuals who had marked pulmonary hypertension before surgery.
Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Epidemiologic Studies of Pregnant Women and Children: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
Authors: Frank Gilliland, Ed Avol, Patrick Kinney, Michael Jerrett, Timothy Dvonch, Frederick Lurmann, Timothy Buckley, Patrick Breysse, Gerald Keeler, Tracy de Villiers, Rob McConnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial–temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) "Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period.
Population and Food Supply: Essays on Human Needs and Agricultural Prospects
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1970)

These eight essays from Cambridge University describe clearly, without oversimplification, the fundamental factors governing food production and population growth. They emphasize that increasing cost, rather than productive capacity or distribution, limits food production throughout the world. Arable land can not be increased appreciably because the irrigation of deserts and the conversion of rain forests to rice paddies is very expensive. Increased food supplies depend, therefore, primarily upon the increased productivity of land now under cultivation, and this requires costly machines and fertilizers. Thus, food becomes progressively more expensive. Only through industrial growth, increased wealth per capita, and a sound economy can poorer countries produce, or buy, more food. The rich countries can assist, but not support, the poor ones. The United States, short of water and doubling its population within 50 years, is no longer a world granary.  Increased food production, made possible by comparably increased industrial wealth, could supply
A Quantitative In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Heparin-activated Lipolysis.
Authors: Julian G. Snyder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967A Quantitative In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Heparin-activated Lipolysis.Julian G. Snyder, Ph.D., M.D., F.A.C.P., Daniel Deykin, M.D.Julian G. Snyder, Ph.D., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Daniel Deykin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1062_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDefective lipoprotein lipase activity, measured by in vitro lipolysis of standardized lipid emulsions, has been postulated as a cause of certain forms of hyperglyceridemia. However, the relevance of in vitro assays of heparin-activated lipoprotein lipase to lipolysis in vivo has not been established. The present study was designed to correlate the in vitro and in vivo lipolytic responses to heparin.Fasted male rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital (Nembutal®). Thirty minutes later, intravenous heparin in doses ranging from 0.06 mg/kg of body weight to 2.0 mg/kg of body weight was administered. Blood samples were removed before and at intervals after the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1062-1062KeywordsBloodBody weightHeparinLipasesLipidsLipoproteinsRabbits Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A review of a two-phase population study of multiple chemical sensitivities.
Authors: Stanley M Caress, Anne C Steinemann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In this review we summarize the findings of a two-phase study of the prevalence, symptomatology, and etiology of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). We also explore possible triggers, the potential linkage between MCS and other disorders, and the lifestyle alterations produced by MCS. The first phase of the study consisted of a random sampling of 1,582 individuals from the Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan area to determine the reported prevalence of a hypersensitivity to common chemicals. In this phase, 12.6% of the sample reported a hypersensitivity. Further questioning of individuals with a hypersensitivity indicated that 13.5% (1.8% of the entire sample) reported losing their jobs because of their hypersensitivity. The second phase was a follow-up questioning of the respondents who initially reported hypersensitivity. In this phase, we found that individuals with hypersensitivity experience a variety of symptoms and triggers. A significant percentage (27.5%) reported that their hypersensitivity was initiated by an exposure to pesticides, whereas an equal percentage (27.5%) attributed it to solvents. Only 1.4% had a history of prior emotional problems, but 37.7% developed these problems after the physical symptoms emerged. This suggests that MCS has a physiologic and not a psychologic etiology.
Edrecolomab alone or in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: a randomised study
Authors: Cornelis JA Punt, Attila Nagy, Jean-Yves Douillard, Arie Figer, Torben Skovsgaard, John Monson, Carlo Barone, George Fountzilas, Hanno Riess, Eugene Moylan, Delyth Jones, Juergen Dethling, Jessica Colman, Lorna Coward, Stuart MacGregor
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Endohyperthermia - Experimental Evaluation of a New Therapeutic Approach for Treatment of Biliary Carcinoma
Authors: N. Weigert, F. Eckel, T. Rösch, P. Born, W. Erhardt, J. Henke, M. Werner, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

To improve the prognosis of patients with unresectable, locally advanced bile duct carcinoma, new treatment strategies need to be evaluated. Hyperthermia has been successfully applied as part of multimodal therapy in esophageal and rectal carcinoma. We performed in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with a new intraluminal hyperthermia system in the biliary tract.A radiofrequency system (13.56 MHz, Endoradiotherm XERT-200A; Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan) was used with a special intraluminal microelectrode (diameter 4.5 mm, length 40 mm) covered by a silicone balloon with cooling water and a large counter electrode for focusing the electromagnetic field around the electrode. The heating capacity of the endohyperthermia unit was examined in vitro in a muscle-equivalent phantom (agar 4 %), in isolated livers of pigs and cows, as well as in vivo in anesthetized sheep. Continuous thermometry was done with thermosensors at the applicator surface, and with multichannel thermocouple probes in the environment of the applicator.Endohyperthermia induced a homogeneous heating of the phantom and the isolated liver bile duct preparation to a temperature > or = 40 degrees C in an area at least 10 mm in depth. After placement of the applicator into the common bile duct of anesthetized sheep, endohyperthermia led to a consistent and repeatable heating of the surrounding tissue to 40.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C at 1 cm distance, and 39.9 +/- 0.7 degrees C at 2 cm distance. Blood pressure, heart rate, and systemic temperature did not change in vivo. Histological examination of the bile duct showed superficial mucosal necrosis (depth 100-200 microm), microvascular damage with petechiae, congestion and edema of the bile duct wall and adventitia after hyperthermia treatment in vivo.The intraluminal endohyperthermia system produces consistent and repeatable heating of the surrounding tissue. Since effective thermal power can reach a depth of up to 2 cm, tumors may also be heated adequately.
The Presence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population-Reply
Authors: Denis A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Bowden notes that educational attainment may influence rates of dementia. We strongly agree with the importance of understanding the possible relation of education to cognitive decline and dementia. This understanding is necessary to measure cognitive function in an unbiased fashion in individuals with different levels of education. Even more important, it is essential to defining whether low education is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease or other dementing illnesses. 1 East Boston residents older than 65 years have lower educational attainment 2 than the US average for this age group. 3 Therefore, if education were demonstrated to influence rates of disease, the East Boston estimates would require adjustment for this factor, if projected to the US population as a whole.  Kokmen and colleagues note some of the difficulties in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, especially in a community-based study. Diagnosis in our study conformed to the
Molecular Physiology of Glucose Transporters
Authors: Bernard Thorens, Maureen J Charron, Harvey F Lodish
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the human erythrocyte facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter (GT) has elucidated its structure and has permitted a careful study of its tissue distribution and of its involvement in processes such as insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipose cells or transformation-induced increase in glucose metabolism. An important outcome of these studies was the discovery that additional isoforms of this transporter were expressed in a tissue-specific manner; these comprise a family of structurally and functionally related molecules. Their tissue distribution, differences in kinetic properties, and differential regulation by ambient glucose and insulin levels suggest that they play specific roles in the control of glucose homeostasis. Herein, we will discuss the structure of three members of the GT family: erythroid/brain GT, liver GT, and adipose cell/muscle GT. In the light of their tissue-specific expression, kinetic parameters, and susceptibility to insulin action, we discuss their possible specific functions.
Sinus disease in patients with severe cystic fibrosis: relation to pulmonary exacerbation
Authors: D.T. Umetsu, R.B. Moss, N.J. Lewiston, V.V. King
Journal: The Lancet (1990)

Four adult cystic fibrosis patients were selected for aggressive surgical management of sinus disease on the basis of severe pulmonary involvement, high frequency of hospital admission, chronic headache, and wheezing unresponsive to conventional treatment. They underwent bilateral Caldwell-Luc procedure with perioperative anti-Pseudomonas antimicrobials. There were substantial improvements in headache and respiratory symptoms and a significant reduction in the frequency of hospital admission after the operation. These findings suggest that sinus disease is associated with pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis, and strengthens a similar observation in patients with asthma.
Human Leukocyte Interferon for the Treatment of Varicella in Children with Cancer
Authors: Ann M. Arvin, Joseph H. Kushner, Sandor Feldman, Robert L. Baehner, Denman Hammond, Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Human leukocyte interferon was evaluated as a treatment for varicella in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study carried out in two phases. A total of 44 children being treated for cancer were enrolled within 72 hours of the appearance of the exanthem. The mean number of days of new lesion formation was 3.8 +/- 1.89 (+/- S.D.) in the interferon recipients and 5.3 +/- 2.56 in the placebo recipients (P less than 0.05). Eighty-one per cent of the interferon recipients had had no new lesions for 24 hours by Day 7, as compared with 56 per cent of the placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). In the second, higher-dose phase of the study 92 per cent of the interferon recipients had had no new lesions for 24 hours by Day 6, as compared with 45 per cent of the placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). Three of 21 placebo recipients died of progressive varicella. Two of the 23 interferon recipients died two to three weeks after the onset of varicella; viral cultures were negative in one of these patients, and the second had recurrent viremia at the end of the treatment period. Among the survivors, treatment with interferon reduced the number of patients who had life-threatening dissemination (none of 21 vs. three of 18; P = 0.053). We conclude that interferon had an antiviral effect against varicella virus in immunocompromised patients.
Book Review Early Parenthood and Coming of Age in the 1990s Edited by Margaret K. Rosenheim and Mark F. Testa. 264 pp. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press, 1992. $40 (cloth); $15 (paper). 0-8135-1815-6 (cloth)
Authors: Lorraine V. Klerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
A NEW AND MORE ACCURATE TECHNIC FOR INJECTING THE SUPERIOR MAXILLARY DIVISION
Authors: S. L. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Several months ago I discovered that a blocking of the superior maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve could be accomplished by inserting a fine needle (22 gage) through the greater palatine canal and into the sphenomaxillary fossa until it reached the foramen rotundum (Figs. 1 and 2). In the dry skull, this procedure is very simple, the greater palatine foramen being very constant, and located at the apex of the third molar. In the living subject, it is to be found 15 mm. from the median line. Figure 3 shows what at first glance is hard to believe; that is, that the greater palatine foramen lies midway between the median line and the gum line. In edentulous mouths or mouths in which the third molar is missing, the foramen can be found from 3 to 5 mm. in front of the maxillary tuberosity. The technic is simple, but unless one
The transporters of intestinal tract and techniques applied to evaluate interactions between drugs and transporters
Authors: Zhihao Liu, Kexin Liu
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

Most drug products on the global pharmaceutical market are administered orally. The absorption of oral drug in the intestine is an important factor to determine the drug bioavailability. There are many intestinal transporters expressed on the small intestine and the transporters can be classified into two major families, SLC family and ABC family. They mediate drug absorption, distribution, excretion and drug–drug interaction. Understanding the transport mechanism can improve the effectivity and safety of drug and guide clinical rational use of drugs. The roles of drug transporters can be assessed in vitro and in vivo, using techniques spanning from cellular expression systems to gene knockout animals. The purposes of this article were to introduce the main transporters in the intestinal tract, to explain the transport mechanism and to compare the limitations and applications of techniques used to evaluate interactions of drugs and transporters.
One pilot son, one medical son
Authors: E. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some time ago two of our sons went “off the payroll”—for the last time, I hope. The nature of lifelong learning is such that our eldest, at the age of 28, is now pursuing his third career post-university, and is a commercial airline pilot. Our second son started work as a preregistration house officer eight years after leaving school. He had the obligatory year out to see the world and did a two year intercalated BSc in sports medicine.

On starting work my pilot son's first 18 flights were always with a third, safety pilot, and for the next 20 flights he was always with a training captain. He was finally allowed full operational work after having acquired and demonstrated the appropriate competencies. He works in a profession where there is a planned programme of professional development and has regular evaluation. On overnight stops he gets accommodation in four or five star hotels. He regularly undergoes a health assessment to ensure his fitness. He is allowed to fly a …
Effective Closure of the Mitral Valve without Atrial Systole
Authors: EUGENE BRAUNWALD, S. DAVID ROCKOFF, H. NEWLAND OLDHAM, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1966)

There has been considerable dispute concerning the role of atrial contraction in the closure of the atrioventricular valves. Selective angiocardiograms with left ventricular [see figure in the PDF file] opacification in 43 patients having a variety of arrhythmias that resulted in the absence of atrial systole, or in an abnormal temporal relationship between atrial and ventricular contractions, revealed no evidence of mitral regurgitation. From this observation it is concluded that a properly timed atrial contraction is not always essential for effective closure of the mitral valve in man.
A Randomized Trial of Itraconazole in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: David A. Stevens, Howard J. Schwartz, Jeannette Y. Lee, Bruce L. Moskovitz, Dennis C. Jerome, Antonino Catanzaro, David M. Bamberger, Allison J. Weinmann, Carmelita U. Tuazon, Marc A. Judson, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Jay Grossman, Raymond G. Slavin, Peter Reuman, Arthur C. DeGraff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hypersensitivity disorder that can progress from an acute phase to chronic disease. The main treatment is systemic corticosteroids, but data from uncontrolled studies suggest that itraconazole, an orally administered antifungal agent, may be an effective adjunctive therapy.
700 LIVER REGENERATION AUGMENTING PROTEIN ALR REDUCES LIPOTOXICITY AND PROFIBROGENIC GENE EXPRESSION IN VITRO
Authors: R. Dayoub, B. Hauer, N. Schulze, C. Dorn, R. Buettner, C. Hellerbrand, H.J. Schlitt, T. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)