tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of influenza in Finland during the 2009 pandemic, 10 May 2009 to 8 March 2010
Authors: O Lyytikaïnen, M Kuusi, M Snellman, M J Virtanen, J Eskola, E Rönkkö, N Ikonen, I Julkunen, T Ziegler, P Ruutu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

The first infection caused by pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus was confirmed in Finland on 10 May 2009. The spread of the disease and its impact were monitored using several surveillance systems, such as the national infectious disease register, notifications of clusters of influenza, influenza-like or influenza-related illnesses, as well as virological, hospital, case-based and mortality surveillance. The epidemic started in early October in the north and then spread to the south about two weeks later. Based on the data from laboratory-confirmed cases, the morbidity was highest in children. The daily number of patients hospitalised with influenza A(H1N1)2009 reached a maximum of over 400 in late November. Of the 1,580 hospitalised patients (median age 32 years), 672 (43%) had at least one chronic underlying illness, 35 (2%) were pregnant, 132 (8%) were treated in intensive care units and 74 (5%) required mechanical ventilation. The median age of patients admitted to intensive care units was 48 years and 78 ( 59%) of them had at least one chronic underlying disease, none were pregnant. Altogether 44 deaths related to influenza A(H1N1)2009 were recorded (median age 56 years): 40 belonged to high-risk groups on the basis of underlying chronic diseases. Combining data from different surveillance systems gave timely information about the spread of the pandemic and contributed to identifying risk groups.
Syphilis in the Middle Ages and in Modern Times.
Authors: Frédéric Buret
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prolonged Tumor Necrosis Factor α Primes Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes in a Gene‐Specific Manner by Altering Chromatin
Authors: Christopher Sohn, Angela Lee, Yu Qiao, Konstantinos Loupasakis, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, George D. Kalliolias
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

During the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are chronically exposed to an inflammatory milieu. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure of FLS to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) augments inflammatory responses to secondary stimuli (priming effect).FLS obtained from RA patients were exposed to TNFα for 3 days and were then stimulated with interferons (IFNs). Expression of IFN target genes was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total STAT-1 protein and IFN-mediated STAT-1 activation were evaluated by Western blotting. Total histone levels, histone acetylation, and NF-κB p65 and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment were measured at the CXCL10 promoter (encodes IFNγ-inducible 10-kd protein [IP-10]) by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.Prolonged pre-exposure of FLS to TNFα enhanced the magnitude and extended the kinetics of CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 production upon subsequent IFN stimulation. This phenotype was retained over a period of days, even after the removal of TNFα. Prolonged TNFα exposure decreased histone levels, increased acetylation of the remaining histones, and heightened recruitment of NF-κB p65 and Pol II to the CXCL10 promoter. In parallel, an increase in intracellular STAT-1 led to amplification of IFN-induced STAT-1 activation.Our study reveals a novel pathogenic function of TNFα, namely, prolonged and gene-specific priming of FLS for enhanced transcription of inflammatory chemokine genes due to the priming of chromatin, the sustained activation of NF-κB, and the amplification of STAT-1 activation downstream of IFNs. These data also suggest that FLS gain an "inflammatory memory" upon prolonged exposure to TNFα.
Evidence based paediatrics: Evidence based management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: J. P Guevara, M. T Stein
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Your first patient of the morning is brought in by his parents for evaluation of school problems. He has always been described as “on the go.” When he was 4 years old, a preschool teacher expressed concern that his activity level at times limited play with other children. Now, in the middle of second grade, he is underachieving and not keeping up with either reading or mathematics. His teacher reports that he fidgets constantly and cannot keep his hands off other children. Friendships are limited and not sustained. His teacher suggested that his paediatrician should be asked whether he has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

#### Summary points

Some 7% of children of school age have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and boys are affected three times as often as girls

Between 18% and 35% of affected children have an additional psychiatric disorder

ADHD-specific ratings scales are useful in the diagnostic evaluation

Stimulants, and perhaps tricyclic antidepressants, are effective treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children

Symptoms diminish over time, but in up to half of affected children the disorder is still present in adolescence or young adulthood

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.1 Its hallmarks are hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention beyond the norm for a child's age (box).2

The disorder is frequently diagnosed in children with behavioural problems or in those who underachieve at school.3 Although the diagnosis is reliable if made by a standardised approach, concerns about the validity of the disorder often arise.4 At present there is no biological marker that clearly identifies affected children. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the disorder is unique or merely one end of the continuum of age appropriate behaviour. 5 6

You wonder how frequently academic difficulties or disruptive behaviours in a child …
Die Therapie an den Wiener Kliniken.
Authors: Ernst Landesmann, Richard Hitschmann
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P137: Updated Trends in CVD Risk Factors and Rurality in Appalachian Children using Surveillance, Clustered Statistical Design and GIS Capabilities
Authors: Christa Lilly, Lesley Cottrell, Evan Fedorko, Amna Umer, William Neal
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Research suggests a link between rurality and CVD risk factors; however, our previous work found that metropolitan (rather than rural) areas were associated with CVD risk factors in WV fifth grade children. Our goal is to examine developmental trends as well as updated CVD risk factors stratified by Rural-Urban Continuum Code (RUCC) classification. Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) data include 14,226 Kindergarten, 10,784 Second grade, 80,635 Fifth grade, and 1,451 Teenage children. The clustered analytic design nested children’s results within zip code using a six-category RUCC (Figure 1), and controlling for age, gender, race, and maternal education. Least squares means are reported. Outcomes included BMI percent above ideal (BMI%) for all grades, and HDL, LDL, and SBP for fifth grade. Developmental Trends: Kindergarten: Significant effect of RUCC on BMI%, p&lt;0.0001, Metro (M=10.11) and Town (10.43) had higher means than Rural (6.66). Second grade: Metro (16.82) and Town (16.41) had higher means than Small Metro (12.48), Rural (10.48; p&lt; 0.0001). Fifth grade: Metro (21.5) and Town (21.5) had higher means than Large Metro (17.78), Small Metro (17.86; p0.05). CVD Risk Factors: Metro (49.31), Non-metro Urban (49.28), and Town (49.76) had lower HDL than Large Metro (M=52.9), Rural (52.54) and Small Metro (51.36; p&lt;0.05). Metro (95.76) presented with higher LDL than Rural (89.11), Town (90.25), Large Metro (91.08), Small Metro (91.28) and Non-metro Urban (91.8; p&lt;0.05). Large Metro (108.97), Metro (109.03) and Town (108.76) had higher SBP than Rural (106.95) and Small Metro (107.28; p&lt;0.05) Results suggest that younger children from rural areas had lower BMI% than metro and town areas. This trend appears to reverse as children enter middle and high school. Examination of fifth grade CVD risks found mid-sized metro areas presented with the worst outcomes.
WHO Meeting Targets AIDS, Other Issues
Authors: H David Banta
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Authors: P W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1993)

ventricular volume.Therefore, a cutpoint of 8% for an increase in EDVI was chosen.We agree with Dr Armstrong that the results of discriminant analysis should be applied with caution, as outlined in the discussion on page 762.Of particular importance are the baseline characteristics of the study population, which include age as well as other variables (Table 1).' Multivariate discriminant analysis in the present study was used to derive variables that allow to predict the development of left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, which belong to the most powerful determinants of mortality after infarction.The finding of Pfeffer et al5 to which Dr Armstrong's last comment might refer to-that captopril significantly reduced the risk for reinfarction-is an important and extremely exciting finding.However, the respective mechanisms and the characteristics of the patients at risk should be known before angiotensin convering enzyme inhibitors may be rec- ommended in general for the prevention of reinfarction.Neverthe- less, the variables identified by multivariate analysis in our study (Table 4)1 allow identification of patients at high risk for progressive left ventricular dilatation and late deterioration of ventricular performance within 4 weeks after infarction who, at current understand- ing, may have the greatest benefit from therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Abstract 13047: Clinical Risk Stratification for Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs)
Authors: Douglas S Lee, Judy Hardy, Raymond Yee, Jeffrey S Healey, David Birnie, Christopher S Simpson, Eugene Crystal, Iqwal Mangat, Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, Xuesong Wang, Andrew D Krahn, Paul Dorian, Peter C Austin, Jack V Tu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Clinical risk stratification may refine decision-making regarding primary prevention ICDs and provide a comparator for advanced diagnostic tests for prediction of sudden cardiac death. Objective: To identify predictors of appropriate ICD shock competing with mortality using clinical variables. Methods: We studied a prospective, multicenter, population-based cohort with LVEF ≤35% referred for primary prevention ICD in Ontario, Canada. Patients were followed for appropriate ICD shocks at 18 device follow-up centers and for survival via vital status registry. We used a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model to develop a risk score for simultaneous prediction of appropriate ICD shock and death. Results: Among 7020 referred, 3445 pts underwent primary prevention ICD implant (80% men, 66 yrs [IQR: 58-73]). During 5918 person-years (PY) follow-up, there were 204 pts with appropriate shock (3.6 per 100 PY) and 292 deaths (4.9 per 100 PY). Competing risk predictors of appropriate shock included nonsu...
Abstract #5506: Thymoquinone cause cell growth inhibition and induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells via release of ROS
Authors: Azhar Hussain, Saeeda Ahmed, Maqbool Ahmed, Leonidas Platanias, Khawla Al-Kuraya, Shahab Uddin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

The mechanisms that regulate mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signals in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are not well known. In efforts to identify novel approaches to block the proliferation of PEL cells, we found that, thymoquinone (TQ), an active component of black seed, inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis in several PEL cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Such effects of TQ appear to result from release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to suppression of the constitutively active kinase AKT, and its effectors FOXO transcription factor and p-Bad. Our data demonstrate that TQ treatment of PEL cell lines causes de-phosphorylation of Bad protein leading to down regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and subsequent increase of Bax protein that leads to an increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. TQ treatment of PEL cells also causes conformational changes of Bax protein and subsequently translocation from cytosole to mitochondria causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Interestingly, Bax conformational changes following TQ treatment can be blocked by pre-treatment of PEL cells with N- acetylcysteine, an inhibitor of ROS. Released cytochrome c into the cytosole activates caspases-9 and -3, followed by polyadenosin-5\#8217;-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, pretreatment of PEL cells with either zVAD-fmk, a universal inhibitor of caspases and NAC prevents caspase-3 activation and abrogates cell death induced by TQ treatment of PEL cells strongly suggesting that TQ-induced apoptosis is ROS as well as caspase dependent. Finally, treatment of PEL cells with TQ down-regulates the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Altogether, these data suggest a novel function for TQ, acting as a suppressor of AKT/PKB pathway in PEL cells, and raise the possibility that this agent may have a future therapeutic role in PEL and possibly other malignancies with constitutive activation of the AKT/PKB pathway.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5506.
Amphetamine induced eosinophilic pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Katarzyna Rososinska, Sven Henschke, Matthias Reichert, Robert Bals
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare disease. It presents with acute febrile illness, respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary infiltration and high eosinophil levels in broncho alveolar lavage fluid. Its pathogenesis is not well understood, but may relate to the exposure to exogenous substances (e.g. cocaine or heroin).  A 25 year old female presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of dyspnea and cough starting two weeks ago. Despite the application of several antibiotics her complaints worsened.  Her examination at the time of presentation revealed an oxygen saturation at room air of 88%, and a chest x-ray with bilateral infiltrates. Laboratory analysies demonstrated the following observations: Eosinophil blood count was 37.2% and the sputum eosinophil count was 36.0%.  A preliminary diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia was made. High-dose steroids (prednisolone 40mg/d) and antibiotic treatment (clarithromycin) was promptly started. There was immediate improvement, oxygen insufflation was reduced and laboratory results returned to normal level (eosinophils in blood 2% and in sputum 3%).  An amphetamine drug test in urine was positive. No increase of ANA, pANCA, cANCA or rheumatoid factors were detected.  After 4 weeks, complete resolution of symptoms and radiographical abnormalities were noted. Her respiratory function parameters were initially FEV1 1.99 l (64% S) and VC 2.57 l (71% S) and after treatment FEV1 2.92 l (93% S) and VC 3.73 l (103% S).  This is the second case report (Whithaus KC and Rutland BM, 2008) suggesting that amphetamine intake might induce the development of lung infiltrates with accompanying peripheral blood eosinophilia and high eosinophil level in sputum.
Indoor dampness and moulds and the risk of allergic rhinitis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Maritta S. Jaakkola, Reginald Quansah, Timo Hugg, Sirpa Heikkinen, Jouni Jaakkola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  A substantial proportion of the world’s population is exposed to indoor dampness-related exposures. Since 1990s studies have assessed the relation between indoor dampness and mould and allergic rhinitis, but the evidence has been inconclusive. No previous meta-analysis on this topic has been reported.   Objectives  We conducted a meta-analysis of studies on the relations between indoor dampness and mould and the risk of allergic rhinitis, and investigated whether these relations differ according to the type of exposure.   Methods  A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted (1950 through August 2012) and reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in children or adults were selected according to  a priori  criteria. Three authors independently evaluated articles using a structured form.   Results  Altogether 18 studies on allergic rhinitis (AR) and five on rhinoconjunctivitis (RC) were included. In the meta-analyses the largest risk was observed in relation to mould odour (AR: 1.87, 0.95-3.68). The risk related to visible mould was also consistently increased (AR: 1.51, 1.39-1.64; RC: 1.66, 1.27-2.18). In addition, exposure to dampness (AR: 1.50, 1.38-1.62; RC: 1.67, 1.40-1.98) and any exposure were related to increased risk of both types of rhinitis.   Conclusions  This meta-analysis provides new evidence that dampness and moulds at home are determinants of allergic rhinitis. Our results provide evidence that justifies prevention and remediation of indoor dampness and mould problems and such actions are likely to reduce allergic rhinitis.   Funding:  The Academy of Finland, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health of Finland.