tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contour control, survival, and quality of life
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Body weight is the archetypal risk factor for morbidity and mortality. It is repeatedly measured without going away. It figures voluminously in the press, supporting an inflated consumer industry in dietary and other products. It was adopted early by life insurance companies when little else was measurable. Medical science is bankrupt of effective treatments for obesity, it confuses the public as to whether being overweight is determined by fate or free will, and it keeps changing the units of measurement imperial to metric, body mass index,1 waist to hip ratio,2 and waist circumference3 resulting in familiarity by few British doctors and even fewer patients. The government decrees, Canute-like, that the tide of obesity is to go out4 when, as elsewhere, it is coming in,5 with Britain accumulating, I estimate, some 10 000 metric tonnes of blubber a year. Into this sombre picture comes the paper in this week's BMJ by Shaper and colleagues (p 1311).6 Using data from the British regional heart study, the authors report 15 years' follow up of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in relation to the body mass index of middle aged British men seen in the late …
Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis-Reply
Authors: John E. Freitas
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are in complete agreement with Drs Llaurado and Akhtar that delayed imaging will enhance the overall accuracy of hepatobiliary imaging (HBI) in the rapid evaluation of acute abdominal pain. This benefit of delayed imaging has been best shown by Weissman et al.<sup>1</sup>In their series, delayed imaging at two to four hours improved the specificity from 87.7% to 99%, but the sensitivity of HBI for the detection of acute cholecystitis fell (percentage fall not available from their data). We disagree with Drs Llaurado and Akhtar that delayed visualization of the gallbladder "<i>most probably</i>" excludes the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (our italics). From the data of Weissman and co-workers, such delayed imaging is found with acute cholecystitis 18% of the time and chronic cholecystitis 82% of the time. In our preliminary work with delayed HBI, 26% of our patients with delayed gallbladder visualization actually had acute cholecystitis.
Facial eruption of molluscum contagiosum during topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus
Authors: A. Lerbaek, T. Agner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Facial eruption of molluscum contagiosum during topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus Get access A. Lerbæk, A. Lerbæk Department of Dermatology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Anne Lerbæk. E‐mail: anne.lerbaek@dadlnet.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Agner T. Agner Department of Dermatology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 6, 1 June 2004, Pages 1210–1211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06008.x Published: 01 June 2004 Article history Accepted: 28 December 2003 Published: 01 June 2004
Transmission of hepatitis C virus by monoclonal-purified viral-attenuated factor VIII concentrate
Authors: GarrettE. Bergman, RinahI. Shopnick, DoreenB. Brettler, Edna Bolivar, Craig Kessler, Jeanne Lusher, GlennF. Pierce, Beatrice Pierce, MarionA. Koerper, JanetC. Dickinson
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Clinical Value of Pulse Oximetry during Routine Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: J. C. Berg, R. Miller, E. Burkhalter
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The clinical utility of transcutaneous oxygen saturation monitoring during routine diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy was assessed in 271 consecutive patients. The mean patient age was 56 years (range 14-86 years). The mean preprocedure oxygen saturation was 94% (range 81-100%). The mean dosages of intravenous meperidine, diazepam and midazolam if administered were 50 mg, 6.4 mg and 3.3 mg, respectively. The largest mean decrease in oxygen saturation of all procedures compared to the preprocedure measurement was 3.2% (p = .0001) and occurred immediately after administration of intravenous medication and endoscope intubation. Colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy patients experienced similar decreases in oxygen saturation. The patient's age and sex, type of procedure and physician performing the procedure did not affect the degree of desaturation. The largest mean decrease in oxygen saturation observed was less than that considered normal during sleep. The clinical value of transcutaneous oxygen saturation monitoring in routine diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy is not supported by the findings of this study.
Epidemiology of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients and Implications for Treatment
Authors: John H Fuller, Lynda K Stevens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

We review the epidemiology of hypertension in diabetic patients and discuss the implications for treatment. The relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and blood pressure (BP) in the World Health Organization Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetics (WHO MSVDD) is evaluated. One thousand two hundred seventy-seven patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 3463 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), aged 35–55 yr at baseline, from 10 centers throughout the world were evaluated. CHD mortality after a follow-up of 6–7 yr was measured. Estimates of usual diastolic BP were made with data from the Framingham study. The relative risk (RR) of CHD death was plotted against usual diastolic BP for IDDM and NIDDM, and the shapes of the relationship were compared with a metaanalysis of nine prospective studies in nondiabetic populations. For the NIDDM group, the CHD RRs were significantly &amp;gt;1.0 only for the uppermost diastolic BP category (RR 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.14–4.40). For the IDDM group, the shape of the diastolic BP-CHD relationship was difficult to assess in view of the small number of events. In neither diabetic group was the evidence for a J-shaped relationship. Elevated BP is associated with increased cardiovascular/renal mortality in both types of diabetes. However, the efficacy of antihypertensive therapy in the prevention of these outcomes remains unclear. Prospective data from the WHO MSVDD do not provide clear evidence of benefit from treating diastolic BP &amp;lt;95–100 mmHg in NIDDM patients. The cost-benefit implications of aggressive BP treatment in IDDM must be more clearly defined before such treatment policies are accepted.
Lysosomal association of internalized 125I-insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes. Direct demonstration by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography.
Authors: J L Carpentier, P Gorden, P Freychet, A Le Cam, L Orci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiographic studies in cultured human lymphocytes and isolated rat hepatocytes have demonstrated that labeled insulin initially localizes to the plasma membrane and is subsequently internalized to a limited region of the peripheral cytoplasm. When 0.5 nm 125I-insulin is incubated with isolated rat hepatocytes, binding to the plasma membrane occurs at both 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Under steady-state binding conditions approximately equal to 30--40% of the labeled hormone is internalized to a distance of approximately equal to 15% of the radius of the cell. When the localization of the internalized labeled material is analyzed, by 2--5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C there is a fivefold preferential association of autoradiographic grains with lysosomal structures, and by 30--60 min of incubation at 37 degrees C there is a 10-fold preferential association. When the cell-associated radioactivity is extracted and filtered on Sephadex G-50 at each time point of incubation, radioactivity elutes predominantly in the position of 125I-insulin and is predominantly in the position of 125I-insulin and is predominantly trichloracetic acid precipitable, bindable to talc, and rebindable to liver membranes. With increasing time of association at 37 degrees C the initial rate and absolute amount of labeled material dissociable from the cell is reduced. With increasing time of dissociation both the cell-associated radioactivity and the radioactivity released into the incubation medium is progressively degraded. These data demonstrate that in isolated rat hepatocytes labeled insulin initially localizes to the plasma membrane, is progressively internalized, and associates preferentially with lysosomal structures. These events may provide a mechanism that links cell surface binding to the degradation of insulin and to insulin-induced loss of its specific receptor.
Scintigraphic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Renal Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: JOEL M. ROSEN, BARBARA L. BINKERT, DAVID W. SELDIN, RASHID A. FAWWAZ, ERIC C. MARTIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Visualization of the inferior vena cava (IVC) on renal perfusion imaging occurs in cases of renal arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. A review of consecutive renal scans demonstrated IVC visualization in three of 217 patients without AV fistulas. IVC visualization occurred 3-6 seconds after peak aortic activity in normal patients. With renal AV fistulas, an intrarenal focus of increased activity is seen and IVC visualization occurs coincident with peak aortic activity.
Watershed Ischemia Demonstrated With Acetazolamide Enhanced Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT
Authors: PAUL BOHDIEWICZ, JACK E. JUNI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 75-year-old man who had a small right parietal infarction 8 months earlier underwent baseline and acetazolamide enhanced Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime brain SPECT imaging. The acetazolamide study demonstrated a bilaterally symmetric perfusion deficit posteriorly near the midline. The baseline study was essentially normal. This finding was felt to represent watershed ischemia at the junction of the anterior circulations (anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries) and the posterior circulation (posterior cerebral artery). Carotid arteriography subsequently demonstrated left subclavian steal syndrome with retrograde flow through the left vertebral artery.
Medical Care for Northbridge
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

BETH Israel Hospital is the real name of a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital that I shall assume is known to everyone attending this seminar. Northbridge is the fictitious name of a city in the Greater Boston area that is also known, at least by (real) name, to many of us. Both are profoundly affected by the widely advertised crisis in health care in the United States.Instead of considering that crisis in the abstract, as has been done so frequently in recent months, I shall focus on the resultant difficulties and challenges for the Beth Israel Hospital and for . . .
The influence of heart rate on pulmonary arterial-left ventricular pressure relationships at end-diastole.
Authors: Y Enson, J A Wood, N B Mantaras, R M Harvey
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Increased resistance to blood flow stemming from structural and functional abnormalities of the lungs may cause pressure in the pulmonary artery to exceed that in the left ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole. This study explores the possible contribution of heart rate to the diastolic pressure gradient observed in the presence of acutely induced hypoxia. Pulmonary hemodynamics were examined in mongrel dogs with chronic atrioventricular dissociation with and without hypoxia at two different heart rates and during sequential increments in heart rate while the animals breathed room air. Studies during sequential pacing indicate that heart rate was of greater importance than blood flow in determining the magnitude of the gradient. Heart rate has to be considered when the causes of pulmonary hypertension and the effects of drugs or other agents on the pulmonary circulation are being investigated.
Evidence based diagnosis: Prior probability saves money, time, and possibly lives
Authors: Oscar M Jolobe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Evidence based diagnosis We may need to be open to new ideasEditor-If evidence based diagnosis is still in the dark ages, as Delamothe writes, 1 then so is evidence based treatment.The doctor's job is to choose the right treatment.If the diagnosis is wrong then the treatment will be wrong.Inaccurate diagnoses will also affect clinical trials.A treatment may be "evidence based" because it has worked in a published study, but some patients who would have responded might have been left out because of diagnostic inaccuracy while some patients with no prospect of responding might have been included incorrectly. 2vidence based diagnosis is about convincing others using shared rules of evidence that a diagnosis (and its implications in terms of treatment) should be accepted by others.Evidence is gathered from the individual and from groups of patients. 3Evidence based diagnosis means specifying the individual's facts in addition to pointing to facts relating to that diagnosis in the literature. 4ayes's theorem uses unconditional initial prior probabilities.Diagnostic leads are based on conditional probabilities and are used to initiate diagnostic thought processes. 4owever, closely related theorems can be used to interpret diagnostic leads, which allow doctors to reason with diagnostic evidence in a more familiar way, 3 thus reducing misunderstandings. 5So to improve evidence based diagnosis we also need to collect better data on diagnostic leads.The published evidence given for a diagnosis and any related actions cannot realistically be assembled when actually seeing a patient.A draft evidence based rationale might be prepared in advance.It would have to be capable of being accessed in seconds to provide evidence in support of a suspected diagnosis and decision arrived at by using kindness, imagination, and common sense.It could be put into context by inserting the patient's details into the draft evidence summoned up from a computer.If we are to make progress and allow evidence based diagnosis to emerge from the dark ages then in addition to doing more of the same, we may also have to be receptive to new ideas.
Peculiar acute toxic colitis after ingestion of colocynth: a clinicopathological study of three cases.
Authors: D Goldfain, A Lavergne, A Galian, L Chauveinc, F Prudhomme
Journal: Gut (1989)

We report three examples of toxic acute colitis which occurred after ingestion of colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis) for ritual purposes. The prominent clinical feature was dysenteric diarrhoea; colonoscopic changes included congestion and hyperaemia of the mucosa with abundant exudates but no ulceration or pseudopolyp formation. A causal relationship between colonic injury and the intake of colocynth was supported by the following features: (1) the pharmacology of the colocynth extract ingested; (2) the temporal relationship between colocynth intake and clinical onset (eight to 12 h); (3) the rapid recovery within three to six days, with normal endoscopy at day 14; (4) the absence of other possible causes for the observed patterns, except in one case, in which a concomitant intestinal infection with Clostridium perfringens Type A was discovered; (5) the specific pathological features. Colonic biopsies taken 27, 44, and 72 h after colocynth intake showed: erosions with fibrino-purulent exudate, early fibrosis of the lamina propria, hyaline thickening of the superficial epithelial basal membrane. These pathological features completely disappeared within 14 days in all three cases.
Effect of Epinephrine on the Mechanical and Phosphorylase Activity of Normo-and Hypothermic Hearts
Authors: WINIFRED G. NAYLER, JULIET E. WRIGHT, JANET HOWELLS
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The effect of temperature on the action of epinephrine and on the percentage of the enzyme phosphorylase present in the a form in isolated rat (homeothermic) and toad (poi-kilothermic) hearts was investigated. Rat hearts responded to cold per se with reduced amplitude of contraction and bradycardia. The percentage of the phosphorylase enzyme which was in the a form declined as the perfusion temperature fell. Mechanical activity ceased when rat hearts were perfused at temperatures below 10°C. Epinephrine failed to exert a positive inotropic effect when added to rat hearts perfused at 12°C; at this temperature epinephrine increased the phosphorylase a activity to only 42% compared with 66% at 35°C. The response of toad hearts to cold per se differed from that of rat hearts. At 2°C the contractile amplitude of toad hearts was maximal and the phosphorylase a activity was well maintained. Stimulation enhanced, DCI and preliminary reserpinisation reduced the proportion of the enzyme which was in the a form in 2°C toad hearts. It is suggested that poikilothermic hearts may respond to cold by releasing their endogenous catecholamines and that this may be indirectly responsible for the ability of poikilothermic cardiac tissue to withstand low temperatures.
Patterns of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and their relationship to viral replication and liver disease
Authors: Liliana Chemello, Daniela Cavalletto, Patrizia Pontisso, Flavia Bortolotti, Carlo Donada, Valter Donadon, Mario Frezza, Pietro Casarin, Alfredo Alberti
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Patients with hepatitis C virus infection may have circulating antibodies to various structural and nonstructural antigens of the virus. To assess whether the antibody profile is related to epidemiological or clinical features of chronic infection or to viral replication, sera from 172 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were studied for antibodies to nonstructural and structural hepatitis C virus antigens and for serum hepatitis C virus RNA with the polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the 5' noncoding region. Three subgroups could be identified on the basis of their seroreactivity to hepatitis C virus: 133 cases (77.3% [group A]) were positive on first- and second-generation assays and had antibodies to C100-3 and to C22, C33c or both identified on recombinant immunoblot assay; 23 cases (13.4% [group B]) were positive only on second-generation assay and reacted with C22, C33c or both but not with C100-3; and 26 cases (9.3% [group C]) were negative for all hepatitis C virus antibodies. Mean age and sex distributions were similar among the three groups; a history of transfusion was more frequent among cases in group B (p = 0.06). These patients also had the highest serum aminotransferase values (p = 0.001). Liver histological studies showed active necroinflammatory changes in 69.2% of patients in group A and 52.2% of those in group B but only in 25% of cases in group C. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA was frequently detected in patients of groups A and B, independent of their recombinant immunoblot assay profiles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Endoluminal Coronary Artery Reconstruction With Three or More Stents
Authors: Verghese Mathew, David Hasdai, David R Holmes, Kirk N Garratt, Malcolm R Bell, Amir Lerman, Steven Melby, Diane E Grill, Peter B Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Cerebral Infarction, Lupus Anticoagulant, and Habitual Abortion
Authors: Jeffrey S. Greenspoon
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Drs Wiebers and Whisnant<sup>1</sup>indicates that cerebral infarction during pregnancy is indeed a rare event. When it does occur, a thorough evaluation is justified because a treatable cause is often found.<sup>2,3</sup>The single case of cerebral infarction identified in the Rochester (Minn) study was that of a 28-year-old woman whose six pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. Recently, obstetricians have become aware of the association between the lupus anticoagulant and fetal wastage.<sup>4-6</sup>Patients with the lupus anticoagulant have been reported to experience a higher frequency of both arterial and venous thrombotic events.<sup>7,8</sup>A history of pregnancy loss and thrombotic events is typical for patients with the lupus anticoagulant. When this unusual combination of clinical misfortunes occurs, a test for the lupus anticoagulant should be included in the evaluation. Triplett et al<sup>9</sup>have shown that the platelet neutralization procedure is more
Impact of Allergen Specific Immunotherapy and Bacteria-derived Immunomodulator on Subpopulations of Lymphocytes and Cytokine Synthesis in Patients with Respiratory Allergies
Authors: A.B. Turemuratov, S.K. Turemuratova, A.A. Shortanbaev, Z.A. Satybaldieva, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
MRI found suitable for detecting coronary heart disease
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Traditional electrocardiographic exercise stress tests for heart disease may soon be supplanted by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Researchers from Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston Salem, North Carolina, investigated the technique of fast cinematic, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect ischaemic heart disease in patients unsuitable for the usual stress echocardiography (Circulation 1999;100:1676-9, 1697-702).

Classically, patients with suspected coronary artery disease are referred for exercise stress testing and are hooked up to electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitors while doing progressively more intensive exercise on a treadmill.

Treadmill based stress tests are not suitable for many people, such as some postoperative patients, frail elderly people, amputees, and many patients who are obese …
Cardiorespiratory Complications in a Cardiovascular Laboratory
Authors: Richard O. Lundborg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An analysis was made of 1,554 patients over a two-year period. Procedures performed included cardiac catheterization, angiocardiography, arteriography, cardioversion, and catheter-electrode placement. Of the 72 significant complications that developed, 59 (82%) were circulatory in origin. Four patients died (0.3%), three of whom were less than 2 months of age. Nine procedures were discontinued because of complications.
Monocyte/Macrophage-derived IGF-1 Orchestrates Murine Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Modulates Autocrine Polarization
Authors: Joanne Tonkin, Lieve Temmerman, Robert D Sampson, Enrique Gallego-Colon, Laura Barberi, Daniel Bilbao, Michael D Schneider, Antonio Musarò, Nadia Rosenthal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent enhancer of tissue regeneration, and its overexpression in muscle injury leads to hastened resolution of the inflammatory phase. Here, we show that monocytes/macrophages constitute an important initial source of IGF-1 in muscle injury, as conditional deletion of the IGF-1 gene specifically in mouse myeloid cells (ϕIGF-1 CKO) blocked the normal surge of local IGF-1 in damaged muscle and significantly compromised regeneration. In injured muscle, Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages and CD206+ macrophages expressed equivalent IGF-1 levels, which were transiently upregulated during transition from the inflammation to repair. In injured ϕIGF-1 CKO mouse muscle, accumulation of CD206+ macrophages was impaired, while an increase in Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages was favored. Transcriptional profiling uncovered inflammatory skewing in ϕIGF-1 CKO macrophages, which failed to fully induce a reparative gene program in vitro or in vivo, revealing a novel autocrine role for IGF-1 in modulating murine macrophage phenotypes. These data establish local macrophage-derived IGF-1 as a key factor in inflammation resolution and macrophage polarization during muscle regeneration.