tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac endothelial cells modulate contractility of rat heart in response to oxygen tension and coronary flow.
Authors: C Ramaciotti, G McClellan, A Sharkey, D Rose, A Weisberg, S Winegrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The aim of this study was to determine if endothelial cells in the heart release substances into the coronary perfusion medium that modify the contractility of myocardial cells. To assay the effects on the contractility of cardiac muscle of fluid that has passed through the coronary vasculature, a new method has been developed based on the cascade principle used to study vascular smooth muscle function. The coronary venous effluent from an isolated perfused working heart was collected periodically, and after reoxygenation it was used as the bathing medium for trabeculae isolated from the endocardial surface of another heart. The coronary venous effluent changed the contraction of the isolated trabeculae. The amplitude and the direction of the change depended on the degree of oxygen saturation of the coronary effluent before it was reoxygenated and the rate of coronary flow at the time the effluent was collected. The response of the trabecula to the coronary effluent was substantially altered by damaging the endocardial endothelium with a 1-second exposure to 0.5% Triton X-100 in Krebs' solution. It was completely eliminated by damaging endothelial cells in both the perfused heart producing the effluent and the trabecula on which the effluent was assayed. Therefore, endothelial cells are required for the presence of cardioactive substances in the coronary effluent. The production of a labile endothelium-derived upregulating (positively inotropic) factor and a more stable endothelium-derived downregulating (negatively inotropic) factor has been demonstrated and appears to account for all of the changes in myocardial contractility produced by the coronary effluent. Neither of the endothelium-derived substances demonstrated in the isolated perfused heart is nitric oxide or endothelin. The concentration of the endothelium-derived upregulating factor is sensitive to oxygen tension, whereas the concentration of the endothelium-derived downregulating factor is sensitive to the rate of coronary flow but not oxygen tension. The coronary effluent appears to contain substances that stimulate secretion by the endothelial cells (preendothelial factors) as well as substances that have been produced by the endothelial cells (endothelial factors). The results indicate that during the passage of perfusion medium through the coronary vasculature upregulating and downregulating factors are added to the perfusate in relative concentrations that depend at least in part on local tissue PO2 and the rate of coronary flow. In the intact heart, this mechanism could operate to maintain balance between energy supply and work performed.
Why is environmental tobacco smoke more strongly associated with coronary heart disease than expected? A review of potential biases and experimental data.
Authors: G Howard, M J Thun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Despite exposure levels estimated to be equivalent to smoking only 0. 1-1.0 cigarettes per day, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is estimated to increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) between 25 and 35% above the risk of nonexposed persons. This surprisingly large risk associated with a seemingly small exposure has raised doubts about the validity of attributing the increased CHD risk to ETS exposure. This paper reviews various biases that have been hypothesized to account for the increased CHD risk associated with ETS in the epidemiologic studies and characterizes the adverse effects of ETS on thrombosis, vascular endothelium, and exercise tolerance observed in experimental studies of humans and laboratory animals. None of the identified factors that has been proposed to introduce a spurious association between ETS and heart disease seem to invalidate the epidemiologic findings, either separately or in combination. In addition, experimental studies of ETS and heart disease demonstrate that acute exposure of humans and other species to ETS affects platelet function, vascular endothelium, and myocardial exercise tolerance at exposure concentrations widely prevalent in the workplace. Because exposure to ETS affects multiple physiologic pathways, it appears biologically plausible that ETS could cause the substantial increase in CHD risk that has been observed in epidemiologic studies.
IL10 receptor is a novel therapeutic target in DLBCLs
Authors: W Béguelin, S Sawh, N Chambwe, F C Chan, Y Jiang, J-W Choo, D W Scott, A Chalmers, H Geng, L Tsikitas, W Tam, G Bhagat, R D Gascoyne, R Shaknovich
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
ACCURATE MODIFICATION OF MILK, SIMPLE AND PRACTICABLE.
Authors: DANIEL R. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Accurate modification of milk involves the calculation of definite percentages of fat, mixed proteids, caseinogen, etc., for mixtures of cream and milk and of cream and milk and whey. The necessary operations are expressed most conveniently in algebraic equations. Of the merits of percentage modification, the American method of preparing cow's milk for the infant, it is sufficient to say that it provides the instrument of precision; for this reason alone, if there were none others, it is desirable that it should be established on the mathematical principles which it involves and on which it depends. If formulas are employed to determine the required quantities of materials, they should accord with these principles and with the chemical facts; they should be accurate, also, and adequate. None of the published formulas meets these requirements; and generally accepted statements on the subject of the calculation and the preparation of percentage mixtures are,
Effect of oestrogen on liver function of prostatic cancer patients
Authors: M. Kontturi, E. Sotaniemi
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Liver function of patients with cancer of the prostate gland was studied while they were receiving oestrogen therapy. When synthetic oestrogens were given, raised values of serum aspartate and alanine amino-transferase (S.G.O.T. and S.G.P.T.) were found in about 30-50% of them. As treatment continued the increased values usually returned to normal levels. No serious liver damage was observed, though the serum bilirubin content rose temporarily in some patients.
GROWTH FACTOR FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Authors: George A. Wyeth
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  I take this opportunity to add my word of commendation to the thousands which I know you have already received on the leading editorial, Antihormones, inThe Journal, August 18. Dr. Cushing undoubtedly issued a sound note of warning against the indiscriminate use of endocrine products and I am pleased to see you again warning the doctors about so-called isolated active principles. I have in mind chiefly or particularly the extract of the anterior lobe of the pituitary, which I believe is now known to produce a growth factor. My research on cancer cases at the autopsy table has led me to believe that in this condition the anterior lobe is hyperactive. For this reason I cannot help but feel that you have shown the part of wisdom in proclaiming your announcement.
Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening at reperfusion protects against ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: D Hausenloy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the first few minutes of post-ischaemic reperfusion is a critical determinant of reperfusion-induced cell death. We hypothesised that the novel immunosuppressant, sanglifehrin-A (SFA), given at the time of reperfusion, protects the myocardium from ischaemia–reperfusion injury, by suppressing mPTP opening. Methods: Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischaemia/120 min reperfusion, and were treated with (1) SFA (1.0 μM) or (2) DMSO vehicle for the first 15 min of reperfusion or (3) SFA (1.0 μM) after the first 15 min of reperfusion. We examined the effect of SFA on mPTP opening directly, using a myocyte model of oxidative stress. Laser illumination of adult rat myocytes loaded with the fluorophore, TMRM, generates oxidative stress, which induces mPTP opening (represented by mitochondrial membrane depolarisation) followed by rigour contracture. Results: In the isolated perfused heart model, SFA, given during the first 15 min of post-ischaemic reperfusion, reduced the infarct-risk volume ratio from 43.9±2.5% in the control group to 23.8±4.2% with SFA (p = 0.001). However, when SFA was given after the first 15 min of reperfusion, there was no change in infarct size (43.8±5.7% with SFA vs. 43.9±2.5% in control; p = NS), suggesting that SFA has to be present during the first 15 min of reperfusion to induce protection. In the isolated adult myocyte model, SFA was shown to inhibit mPTP opening in the setting of oxidative stress, represented by an increase in the ROS threshold required to induce: mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (from 269±21 to 777±100 s; p<0.001) and rigour contracture (from 613±14 to 1329±129 s; p<0.001). Conclusions: Inhibiting mPTP opening during the first few minutes of reperfusion, using sanglifehrin-A, limits infarct size and protects myocytes from oxidative stress.
Infectious Morbidity Associated with Long-Term Use of Venous Access Devices in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey S. Groeger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate infectious morbidity associated with long-term use of venous access devices. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Comprehensive cancer center at a university hospital. Participants: 1431 consecutive patients with cancer requiring 1630 venous access devices for long-term use inserted between 1 June 1987 and 31 May 1989. Measurements: Quantitative microbiologic tests to identify device-related bacteremia and fungemia, catheter tunnel infection, pocket infection in implantable port devices, and site infections; number of days the device remained in situ and time until infectious morbidity; vessel or device thrombosis and device breakage. Results: At least one device-related infection occurred with 341 of 788 (43% [95% CI, 39% to 47%]) catheters compared with 57 of 680 (8% [CI, 6% to 10%]) completely implanted ports (P 0.001). Device-related bacteremia or fungemia is the predominant infection occurring with catheters, whereas ports have a more equal distribution of pocket, site, and device-related bacteremia. The predominant organisms isolated in catheter-related bacteremia were gram-negative bacilli (55%) compared with gram-positive cocci (65.5%) in port-related bacteremia. The number of infections per 1000 device days was 2.77 (95% CI, 2.48 to 3.06) for catheters compared with 0.21 (CI, 0.16 to 0.27) for ports (P 0.001). Based on a parametric model of time to first infection, devices lasted longer in patients with solid tumors than in those with hematopoietic tumors. Ports lasted longer than catheters across all patient groups. Conclusions: The incidence of infections per device-day was 12 times greater with catheters than with ports. Patients with solid tumors were the least likely to have device-related infectious morbidity compared with those with hematologic cancers. The reasons for the difference in infectious complications is uncertain but may be attributable to type of disease, intensity of therapy, frequency with which devices are accessed, or duration of neutropenia.
Italy vows to control fertility treatments
Authors: C Endean
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The case of Professor Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor who provided in vitro fertilisation treatment for a 59 year old British woman, has generated moves for tighter regulation of fertility treatment in Italy. The National Bioethics Committee said last week that it will publish guidelines on in vitro fertilisation at the end of the month.

A Christian Democrat, Romano Forleo, has meanwhile tabled a private member's bill to limit the age at which women can be treated. “It's a serious matter that an aging English woman …
THE REMOVAL OF AGGLUTININ FROM SENSITIZED MOTILE BACTERIA
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The salt-free water washings of a sensitized motile bacterium (B. aertrycke) were found to cause a floccular agglutination in the presence of both whole and deflagellated antigen. Evidence was presented that the water washings when salt-free contained flagella and flagellar agglutinin and that clumping occurred upon the addition of saline. The floccular reaction in the presence of deflagellated bacteria was regarded as the agglutination of flagella present in the washings. In the presence of whole bacteria, however, actual bacterial agglutination resulted.
Case 50-1990
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Joseph H. Antin, Lawrence R. Zukerberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Presentation of CaseA 65-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of an obstructing nasopharyngeal mass and lymphadenopathy.The patient was well until one month earlier, when a sore throat and dysphagia developed, and he became unable to breathe through his nose. He was seen by a physician, who prescribed penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin—clavulanate potassium in sequence, without improvement. The patient began to notice enlarging lumps in the submental region and in both groins, with thickening of the skin over his shoulders. One day before admission a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head and neck, obtained elsewhere, showed . . .
Residual Neurohypophyseal Function in Hypophysectomized Man
Authors: Joseph F. Dingman, Andrew G. Jessiman, Rene H. Despointes, William G. Hammond, Donald D. Matson, Kendall Emerson, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

TOTAL hypophysectomy for treatment of certain neoplastic and metabolic disorders of man1 2 3 has frequently resulted in diabetes insipidus postoperatively, which has complicated convalescence and occasionally predisposed to serious disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism in critically ill patients. The present investigation was designed to study residual neurohypophyseal function in patients treated by hypophysectomy for metastatic cancer of the breast and thus to clarify the role of the pituitary gland in the pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus in man, and to determine possible means of preventing this undesirable complication.Materials and MethodsHypophysectomy was performed in 17 subjects by a transfrontal approach; . . .
Increased local temperature in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Costas Stratos, Manolis Vavuranakis, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Dimosthenis Panagiotakos, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Effects of Hypoxia on the Myocardial Metabolism of Intact Dogs
Authors: DONALD B. HACKEL, WALTER T. GOODALE, JEROME KLEINERMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

Coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in normal intact dogs subjected to different Degreess of hypoxia. Total left ventricular oxygen consumption was maintained during administration of 10 per cent and 5 per cent oxygen owing to increase in coronary flow and myocardial oxygen extraction. Ten per cent oxygen administration had little effect on carbohydrate uptake by the heart. Five per cent oxygen resulted in decreased coefficients of extraction for glucose, lactate and pyruvate, but total utilization was maintained. Complete anoxia resulted in negative arteriovenous differences for lactate and markedly decreased or negative values for pyruvate.
Dutch health minister announces measures to enforce smoking ban
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Dutch health minister, Ab Klink, has announced tough measures to enforce the smoking ban in the hospitality sector after a rebellion among small cafes in city centres threatened to spread across the country.

Almost all the cafes in the centre of Den Bosch, in the south of the country, were defying the ban this week and were photographed returning ashtrays to tables. Similar action is reported in Nijmegen, Tilburg, and Utrecht, with as many as 12 000 cafes involved.

In response Mr Klink wrote to MPs saying, “Let there be no misunderstanding. The cabinet takes …
Male rape: Anonymity in the BMJ
Authors: S. Due
Journal: BMJ (1993)

water including that for brushing teeth; avoided milk, cheese, yoghurt, and uncooked vegetables; reduced meat and alcohol consumption; peeled all fruits; ate at the more "hygienic" expensive restaurants, where they wiped dishes and cutlery with their own dishcloth.Unsurprisingly, they endured episodes of thirst and hunger, and expense, to comply.One of them developed infectious hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery, and repeated episodes of non-specific diarrhoea.The other developed life threatening bacillary dysentery, giardiasis, two episodes of diarrhoea, and loose stools which persisted for 30 months after returning to Britain.A diet free of pathogens can rarely be achieved while travelling, particularly on a low budget trip to a developing country.Travellers need a balanced view of the costs and benefits of advice about the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea.Scientific advice should not rest solely on descrip- tive epidemiological studies and the principles of hygiene derived from the microbiology laboratory.Randomised controlled trials of field interventions are needed to assess efficacy in the main groups of travellers, by destination.
Atrophy of Foot Muscles in Diabetic Patients Can Be Detected With Ultrasonography
Authors: Kaare Severinsen, Annette Obel, Johannes Jakobsen, Henning Andersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To establish a bedside test with ultrasonography for evaluation of foot muscle atrophy in diabetic patients.Thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle (EDB) and of the muscles of the first interstitium (MILs) were determined in 26 diabetic patients and in 26 matched control subjects using ultrasonography. To estimate the validity, findings were related to the total volume of all foot muscles determined at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-FM(vol)). Furthermore, the relations of ultrasonographic estimates to nerve conduction, sensory perception thresholds, and clinical condition were established.In diabetic patients, the ultrasonographic thickness of EDB (U-EDB(t)) was (means +/- SD) 6.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 9.0 +/- 1.0 mm in control subjects (P < 0.001), the thickness of MIL (U-MIL(t)) was 29.6 +/- 8.3 vs. 40.2 +/- 3.6 mm in control subjects (P < 0.001), and the CSA of EDB (U-EDB(CSA)) was 116 +/- 65 vs. 214 +/- 38 mm(2) in control subjects (P < 0.001). The MRI-FM(vol) was directly related to U-EDB(t) (r = 0.77), U-MIL(t) (r = 0.71), and U-EDB(CSA) (r = 0.74). U-EDB(t) and U-MIL(t) were thinner in neuropathic than in nonneuropathic diabetic patients (5.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.7 mm [P < 0.05] and 28.3 +/- 8.8 vs. 35.6 +/- 4.3 mm [P < 0.03], respectively).Atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles determined at ultrasonography is directly related to foot muscle volume determined by MRI and to various measures of diabetic neuropathy. Ultrasonography seems to be useful for detection of foot muscle atrophy in diabetes.
Compliance among Pharmacies in California with a Prescription-Drug Discount Program for Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Joy H. Lewis, Matthias Schonlau, Jorge A. Muñoz, Steven M. Asch, Mayde R. Rosen, Hannah Yang, José J. Escarce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Several states have developed prescription-drug discount programs for Medicare beneficiaries. In California, Senate Bill 393, enacted in 1999, requires pharmacies participating in the state Medicaid program (Medi-Cal) to charge customers who present a Medicare card amounts based on Medi-Cal rates. Because Medicare beneficiaries may not be accustomed to presenting their Medicare cards at pharmacies, we assessed the compliance of pharmacies with Senate Bill 393.
Hypoglycemia and Body Temperature
Authors: George W. Molnar
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Among 36 recumbent nude men exposed for two hours in a thermoneutral environment, insulin-induced hypoglycemia reduced rectal and tympanic temperatures by 0 to 2 C (3.60 F). Twelve patients experienced rectal cooling below 36 C (96.2 F) (lowest, 34.9 C [94.8 F]); 17 experienced tympanic membrane cooling below this limit of normothermia. Cooling was due to reduction in heat production and to secretion of sweat, peripheral vasodilatation, and hyperventilation. Temperatures below 36 C (96.2 F) neither inhibited sweating nor stimulated shivering. Seven patients showed negligible cooling; they and three others did not sweat. Hypoglycemia was the same in those who cooled as in those who did not. Sweating and hyperventilation ceased while hypoglycemia persisted. Cooling may be greater during summer than during winter, perhaps because heatacclimatized sweat glands discharge more sweat. Published evidence establishes that hyperthermia occurs when hypoglycemia is complicated by infection, dehydration, or cerebral edema.
A CASE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A MALE
Authors: I. G. Cobb
Journal: BMJ (1914)

The authors present a machine learning approach to regime-based asset allocation. The framework consists of two primary components: (1) regime modeling and prediction and (2) identifying a regime-based strategy to enhance the performance of a risk parity portfolio. For the former, they apply supervised learning algorithms, including the random forest, based on a large macroeconomic database to estimate the probability of an upcoming recession or a stock market contraction. Out-of-sample tests show the reliability of these predictions, especially for recessions in the United States, over the period 1973 to 2020. The probability estimates are linked to a dynamic investment overlay strategy. The combined approach improves risk-adjusted returns by a substantial amount over nominal risk parity in two-asset and multi-asset test cases, even during rising interest rates in the late 1970s. <b>TOPICS:</b>Big data/machine learning, portfolio construction, performance measurement <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ We examine a regime prediction problem with supervised learning approaches and implement regime-switching risk parity portfolios. ▪ All recession periods after 1973 are captured by the random forest model, and stock market regime predictions lead to better portfolio performance. ▪ Regime-switching models enhance risk parity portfolios, even during a rising interest rate period. Regime-based overlay strategies provide higher risk-adjusted returns in risk parity strategies.