tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nomogram to predict sentinel lymph node involvement in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Lisa R. Allen, Pranjali V. Gadgil, Roland Bassett, Kelly Hunt, Elizabeth Ann Mittendorf, Min Yi, Gildy Babiera, Henry Mark Kuerer, Merrick I. Ross, Isabelle Bedrosian, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Rosa F. Hwang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

150 Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be an accurate predictor of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A predictive model of SLN positivity in clinically node negative patients who completed NAC can assist in preoperative multidisciplinary treatment decision making, such as planning for postmastectomy radiation therapy and breast reconstruction. Methods: We reviewed our prospective database to identifyclinically node negative patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent NAC and SLNB from 1998-2011. Clincopathologic factors including age, tumor location, histology, nuclear grade, tumor size, decrease in tumor size with therapy, multifocality, nodal appearance on preoperative ultrasound, hormone receptor status, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were analyzed. A nomogram to predict SLN metastasis was developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 836 patients were treated with NAC followed by SLNB. Of these, 160 patients (19.1%) had a positive SLN. All factors were significant predictors of SLN positivity on univariate analysis except tumor location and nodal appearance on preoperative ultrasound. Multivariate analysis showed that young age, invasive lobular histology, tumor size, multifocality, and LVI were independent positive predictors of SLN positivity whereas high grade, response to chemotherapy, and triple negative hormone receptor status were negative predictors. Favorable histologies were strongly associated with a lower rate of SLN positivity but were excluded from the nomogram due to small numbers of patients (N=14). Discrimination of the nomogram to correctly predict SLN positivity was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The unadjusted AUC was 75.9, while the internally validated 2000 bootstrap sample-adjusted AUC was 74.2. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is known to decrease the incidence of positive nodes in breast cancer patients. Use of our nomogram preoperatively can assist in decisions regarding multidisciplinary treatment planning.
Association of Skin Cancer and Indoor Tanning in Sexual Minority Men and Women
Authors: Matthew Mansh, Kenneth A. Katz, Eleni Linos, Mary-Margaret Chren, Sarah Arron
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States, is highly associated with outdoor and indoor tanning behaviors. Although indoor tanning has been suggested to be more common among sexual minority (self-reported as homosexual, gay, or bisexual) men compared with heterosexual men, whether rates of skin cancer vary by sexual orientation is unknown.To investigate whether skin cancer prevalence and indoor tanning behaviors vary by sexual orientation in the general population.We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys (CHISs) and the 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of population-based samples of the California and US noninstitutionalized civilian population. Participants included 192 575 men and women 18 years or older who identified as heterosexual or a sexual minority.Self-reported lifetime history of skin cancer and 12-month history of indoor tanning.The study included 78 487 heterosexual men, 3083 sexual minority men, 107 976 heterosexual women, and 3029 sexual minority women. Sexual minority men were more likely than heterosexual men to report having skin cancer (2001-2005 CHISs: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.06, P < .001; 2013 NHIS: aOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.14-3.96, P = .02) and having tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 5.80; 95% CI, 2.90-11.60, P < .001; 2013 NHIS: aOR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.77-5.64, P < .001). Sexual minority women were less likely than heterosexual women to report having had nonmelanoma skin cancer (2001-2005 CHIS: aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86, P = .008) and having tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.92, P = .03; 2013 NHIS: aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.81, P = .007).Sexual minority men indoor tan more frequently and report higher rates of skin cancer than heterosexual men. Primary and secondary prevention efforts targeted at sexual minority men might reduce risk factors for, and consequences of, skin cancer.
Correlation of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and peripheral blood eosinophils (PBE) in refractory asthma
Authors: Adeel Sahal, Kerryanne James, Verity Mitchell, Joyutpal Das, Adel Mansur
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

FeNO and PBE are frequently used in refractory asthma clinics to phenotype asthma and predict clinical responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy, however the relationship between them remains uncertain. In a retrospective study we previously reported a positive correlation between FeNO and PBE in patients with refractory asthma but no significant correlation was found between asthma control and these biomarkers. To confirm these findings herein we present our data from a prospective study.  Method:  100 consecutive patients with refractory asthma presenting to severe asthma unit were recruited in the study after written consent. In addition to clinical characterisation, simultaneous measurement of FeNO, PBE, lung function and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) were conducted. We analysed correlations mentioned above using Spearman9s rank correlation coefficient (Rs).  Result:  94 patients (66 females) with mean age of 45.2 years were included in final analysis. The study population had mean ACQ of 3.29 (SD=1.28), mean FEV 1  of 1.96L (SD: 0.79), mean ICS of 1.7mg, mean FeNO of 35.5 and PBE of 0.31. We observed significant positive correlation between FENO and PBE (RS= 0.53, p = 0.01) and negative correlation between peripheral blood neutrophil (PBN) and PBE (RS=-0.5, p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between ACQ and these biomarkers individually or in combination.  The patients on lower ICS doses (  Conclusion  We confirm our previous report of a positive correlation between FeNO and PBE in refractory asthma patients.
Induction of Bladder Cancer in Hamsters by Repeated Intratracheal Administrations of 2-Acetylaminofluorene2
Authors: Ryoichi Oyasu, Takuya Kitajima, Martin L. Hopp, Hirotoshi Sumie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Induction of Bladder Cancer in Hamsters by Repeated Intratracheal Administrations of 2-Acetylaminofluorene Get access Ryoichi Oyasu, Ryoichi Oyasu Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takuya Kitajima, Takuya Kitajima Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin L. Hopp, Martin L. Hopp Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hirotoshi Sumie Hirotoshi Sumie Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 503–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.503 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 28 August 1972 Accepted: 11 October 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
Sexuality and fertility in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.
Authors: Y Arai, M Kawakita, Y Okada, O Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

We assessed the impact of different treatment modalities on sexuality and fertility in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.The sample consisted of 85 testicular cancer patients, of whom 19 had undergone chemotherapy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 15 had received chemotherapy only, 42 had received infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy, and nine had received surveillance therapy. The questionnaire reported sexual function, marital status, and issues related to fertility and childbearing.One fourth to one half reported some type of sexual impairment in each group. The only significant difference was that approximately 70% of men with RPLND reported inability of ejaculation and a greater decline in semen volume, which is expected. The most striking finding is that the rates and nature of sexual dysfunction of surveillance patients were similar to other treatment groups, except for ejaculatory function. The highest rates of infertility distress were observed in chemotherapy patients.These data suggest that sexual dysfunction and infertility represent the major persisting side effects, even years after diagnosis. The hypothesis that surveillance patients have fewer sexual problems is not upheld in this study.
COPD case finding in UAE
Authors: Laila Salameh, Bassam Mahboub, Yousef Almutairi, Ameira Abu Shaban, Sheikha Almazrouie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : Case-finding strategies to screen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) need to be implemented worldwide.

Objective :To investigate the applicability of case finding strategy for COPD in UAE.

Methods : a cross-sectional survey conducted in a convenience sample of 40-80 yrs. old in Dubai, UAE, and consecutive individuals were invited to answer a short sociodemographic questionnaire including current and past history of smoking cigarettes and other local products, (midwakh, shisha.), as well as to conduct pre-Bronchodilator(pre-BD) spirometry to identify airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC) <0.70) compatible with COPD, finally a measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and % carboxyhaemoglobin (CO Hb).

Results : From 577 participants, 525 (91.0%) conducted quality controlled pre-BD spirometry. 68% were male, with a mean age of 59 years, 17% UAE Nationals, and 24% reported smoking of some sorts. Overall, 68 (12.9%, 95% C.I. 10.3% to 16.1%) had airflow limitation compatible with COPD. In the bivariate analysis, only increasing age and previous occupational exposure to dust were associated with COPD (both p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, there was a trend for those older, non-UAE nationals, less educated, and smokers to have COPD, but again only occupational exposure to dust remained statistically significant. Finally, CO and %CO Hb were not useful to help determining those with airflow limitation, with an area under the curve (AUC) of only 0.57. However, they were very useful to identify either smokers of cigarettes (AUC=0.94) or shisha (AUC=0.85).

Conclusions : Case-finding by spirometry in a population sample of mainly young, non-UAE individuals without a history of smoking exposure produced a relatively low yield of COPD diagnosis.
Antagonism of substance P and perception of dyspnea in patients with COPD
Authors: Donald Mahler, Alex Gifford, Laurie Waterman, Aamir Gilani, Brian Kupchak, Willian Kraemer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether substance P, an excitatory neuropeptide, modulates the perception of dyspnea by administering aprepitant, a selective antagonist that blocks NK-1 receptor signaling.  Methods: Sixteen patients (age, 70 ± 6 years) with COPD completed the study. At intervention visits, aprepitant (125 mg) or placebo was administered orally, and patients rated breathlessness during resistive load breathing (RLB). Blood levels of substance P and beta (β)-endorphin were measured.  Results: After aprepitant, but not with placebo, there were significant increases in substance P (+54 ± 39 %) and β-endorphin (+27 ± 17 %); changes were significantly correlated (Spearman r = 0.62; p = 0.01). There were no differences in ratings of breathlessness during RLB between interventions.  Conclusions: Our results do not support a role for the substance P-NK-1 pathway in the perception of dyspnea in patients with COPD. These findings may be explained by opposing effects of excitatory (substance P) and inhibitory (β-endorphin) neuropeptides, released after administration of aprepitant, that affect perception.
Assessment of the prevalence of pulmonary involvement in cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Mohamed Zidan, Hany Shaarawy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern worldwide. Previous reports have shown that patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB could transmit TB to others. Whereas it is a common practice to obtain a chest X-ray (CXR) for all patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), sputum examinations are typically limited to those with abnormal radiographic findings suggestive of pulmonary TB.   Objective:  Is to assess the prevalence of pulmonary involvement in patients with EPTB.   Methods:  The present study included 120 patients proved to have EPTB. Patients were subjected to symptoms review, full clinical examination, chest X-ray, and sputum examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by direct smear and culture.   Results:  The mean age of the patients included in the study was 34.42±13.43 years with gender distribution of 40% males to 60% females. All patients had histopathological confirmation of having tuberculosis while culture for mycobacterium TB was positive in 41.7% (50 patients) and direct smear examination for acid fast bacilli was positive in only 1.7% (2 patients). Abnormal CXR was detected in 31 patients (25.8%) regardless of the original disease, while sputum culture for mycobacterium TB was positive in 35 patients (29.2%). Although there was no statistical difference between CXR and sputum culture, the crude number was higher in sputum culture. Direct sputum examination was positive in only 6 patients (5%).   Conclusion:  The prevalence of pulmonary affection in EPTB is significant. The sputum culture for mycobacterium TB is crucial to reach the diagnosis especially in patients with normal CXR or negative direct smear.
Elevated Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Levels in Human and Animal Tumors In Vivo 2
Authors: John P. Minton, Richard H. Matthews, Thomas W. Wisenbaugh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Elevated Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Levels in Human and Animal Tumors In Vivo Get access John P. Minton, John P. Minton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard H. Matthews, Richard H. Matthews Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas W. Wisenbaugh Thomas W. Wisenbaugh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 1, July 1976, Pages 39–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.1.39 Published: 01 July 1976 Article history Received: 06 June 1975 Revision received: 29 December 1975 Accepted: 09 January 1976 Published: 01 July 1976
Serum Sialyltransferase and 5′-Nucleotidase as Reliable Biomarkers in Women With Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T L Dao, C Ip, J Patel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Sialyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase were measured in the sera of 135 women with breast cancer: 53 undergoing mastectomy for primary cancer and 83 receiving different modalities of palliative therapy for metastatic disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether these enzyme levels were associated with the extent of the disease and whether changes in these enzyme levels could be correlated with success or failure of treatment. Mastectomy caused a rapid fall of elevated enzyme levels to within the normal range in all patients with stage I breast cancer but not in those with stage II or III disease. In women with metastatic disease, elevated enzyme levels fell only in patients responding to treatment. Thus serum sialyltransferase and 5'-nucleotidase activities are reliable biomarkers of breast cancer activity, and serial measurement of these enzyme activities provides a useful tool for the monitoring of disease activity and success or failure of the treatment.
Do inhaled corticosteroids slow FEV1 decline in COPD after all
Authors: M G Duerden
Journal: Thorax (2004)

I question the findings of the meta-analysis by Sunderland et al 1 and the content of the associated editorial by Burge and Lewis.2 The meta-analysis has drawn from available long term data from randomised controlled studies (RCTs) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD). The whole purpose of meta-analysis is to analyse such data systematically to answer a question. This study seems to use the data selectively to demonstrate an effect. Another recent meta-analysis—in my …
Primary Harderian Gland Neoplasms in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W G Sheldon, M Curtis, R L Kodell, L Weed
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Five hundred and seventy-four spontaneous harderian gland neoplasms were observed in 3,123 male and 9,024 female untreated experimental mice of various ages and of 6 inbred strains and substrains and 3 hybrid stocks. Adenomas occurred in 86 males and 458 females, and adenocarcinomas were present in 3 males and 27 females. The highest tumor incidence occurred in mice after 24 months of age; no tumors were observed in any mice prior to 6 months of age. With the exception of 1 age group, both sexes of the BALB/c mice had the highest incidence, and also this strain accounted for 463 of the neoplasms. The adenomas were classified into one of four different histologic types: papillary, cystic papillary, acinar, and cystic. The papillary type was the most frequently observed in both sexes. The cystic papillary type was the second most frequently observed and was the type most frequently associated with gross lesions. This type may represent a developmental variant of the papillary type. The incidence of the acinar type was similar in both sexes. The cystic type had the lowest incidence. All except 3 adenocarcinomas appeared to evolve from adenomas, with evolvement occurring primarily in the acinar type. Five of the adenocarcinomas either metastasized to the lung or invaded periorbital tissues. The remaining 25 were confined to the harderian gland.
Activity in contemporary healthy people and COPD
Authors: Voicu Tudorache, Cristian Oancea, Nicoleta Bertici, Monica Marc, Ovidiu Fira Mladinescu, Emanuela Tudorache, Claudiu Avram, Alexandru Somesan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Quality of life represents a crucial aspect for the assessment of COPD patients. The level of daily activities is a determining factor and the degree of autonomy in movement is an important component that influences quality of life. Pedometry represents an alternative tool for estimating the degree of this activity.   Aims:  To compare the values, obtained by pedometry of COPD patients (GOLD stage III and IV) with the values of healthy subjects from the Euroregion Banat.   Material and methods:  We used pedometers to monitor 14 patients with COPD (not included in pulmonary rehabilitation) and 32 healthy subjects for a week, registering daily level and intensity of movement and detecting aerobic effort. Both groups had comparable demographic data and similar occupations.   Results:  Healthy individuals showed a significantly higher average of steps over a full week compared with COPD patients (6497±1866 vs. 3992±295, p    Conclusions:  We found a decrease in intensity of daily activity in healthy subjects, compared with data from literature, suggesting an increase of the sedentary style in general population. The degree of physical activity is significantly reduced in COPD compared with healthy people on both levels: aerobic and anaerobic effort. For both groups, periods of week-end reveal the lowest activity level.
Function and Therapeutic Potential of Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Esther E. Creemers, Eva van Rooij
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Cardiac fibrosis as a result of excessive extracellular matrix deposition leads to stiffening of the heart, which can eventually lead to heart failure. An important event in cardiac fibrosis is the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. Although the function of protein-coding genes in myofibroblast activation and fibrosis have been a topic of investigation for a long time, it has become clear that noncoding RNAs also play key roles in cardiac fibrosis. This review discusses the involvement of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in cardiac fibrosis and summarizes the issues related to translating these findings into real-life therapies.
Inducing Persistent Flow Disturbances Accelerates Atherogenesis and Promotes Thin Cap Fibroatheroma Development in <i>D374Y</i> -PCSK9 Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs
Authors: Ryan M. Pedrigi, Christian Bo Poulsen, Vikram V. Mehta, Niels Ramsing Holm, Nilesh Pareek, Anouk L. Post, Ismail Dogu Kilic, Winston A.S. Banya, Gianni Dall’Ara, Alessio Mattesini, Martin M. Bjørklund, Niels P. Andersen, Anna K. Grøndal, Enrico Petretto, Nicolas Foin, Justin E. Davies, Carlo Di Mario, Jacob Fog Bentzon, Hans Erik Bøtker, Erling Falk, Rob Krams, Ranil de Silva
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Although disturbed flow is thought to play a central role in the development of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques, no causal relationship has been established. We evaluated whether inducing disturbed flow would cause the development of advanced coronary plaques, including thin cap fibroatheroma. Methods and Results— D374Y -PCSK9 hypercholesterolemic minipigs (n=5) were instrumented with an intracoronary shear-modifying stent (SMS). Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography was obtained at baseline, immediately poststent, 19 weeks, and 34 weeks, and used to compute shear stress metrics of disturbed flow. At 34 weeks, plaque type was assessed within serially collected histological sections and coregistered to the distribution of each shear metric. The SMS caused a flow-limiting stenosis, and blood flow exiting the SMS caused regions of increased shear stress on the outer curvature and large regions of low and multidirectional shear stress on the inner curvature of the vessel. As a result, plaque burden was ≈3-fold higher downstream of the SMS than both upstream of the SMS and in the control artery ( P &lt;0.001). Advanced plaques were also primarily observed downstream of the SMS, in locations initially exposed to both low ( P &lt;0.002) and multidirectional ( P &lt;0.002) shear stress. Thin cap fibroatheroma regions demonstrated significantly lower shear stress that persisted over the duration of the study in comparison with other plaque types ( P &lt;0.005). Conclusions— These data support a causal role for lowered and multidirectional shear stress in the initiation of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Persistently lowered shear stress appears to be the principal flow disturbance needed for the formation of thin cap fibroatheroma.