tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Max B. Lurie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. Ultraviolet irradiation of the air of a room exercises a protective influence against natural air-borne contagion of tuberculosis in rabbits. 2. When the radiant energy is of low intensity it reduces considerably the incidence of tuberculosis. (a) It completely protects rabbits of high natural resistance from acquiring demonstrable disease though they become tuberculin sensitive. (b) It fails to protect a small proportion of rabbits of low natural resistance from fatal tuberculosis. 3. When the radiant energy is of high intensity all rabbits, whether of high or of low natural resistance, are almost completely protected from a contagion so severe that it is fatal to the great majority of rabbits of the same genetic constitution not protected by these rays. The protected rabbits do not develop tuberculin sensitivity. 4. The contagion of tuberculosis in these studies is air-borne and the radiant energy exercises its protective influence by its bactericidal properties. It is probable that ultraviolet irradiation may control air-borne contagion of human tuberculosis.
Sexual Dysfunction in Male Psychiatric Outpatients: Validity of the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Functioning Questionnaire
Authors: Lawrence A. Labbate, Sandra B. Lare
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunction in male outpatients with concomitant psychiatric and medical conditions and to establish the validity of the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Function Questionnaire (MGH). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Male VA outpatients were given two sexual function questionnaires, a 36-item Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) and the 5-item MGH. Medical records were evaluated for diagnosis, medications and illnesses that might affect sexual functioning. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Among 100 outpatient respondents, the CSFQ showed that 90% and the MGH showed that 77% experienced sexual dysfunction. Forty percent of patients reported total absence of sexual function. Good concurrent validity was established between the MGH and CSFQ. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in psychiatric outpatients. The MGH is a valid clinical measure to determine sexual dysfunction.
536 REGULATION OF HUMAN HEPATIC GLUCURONIDATION BY THIAZOLINDIONES VIA PEROXISOME-PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AND MODULATION BY GENETIC VARIANTS
Authors: T.J. Erichsen, U. Ehmer, T.O. Lankisch, R.P. Remmel, M.P. Manns, C.P. Strassburg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Anatomy of the Prostatic Urethra-Reply
Authors: Edward J. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  The article in question was the result of a telephone interview, and I had no opportunity to review it before its publication. I have no strong disagreement with the statements of Drs McNeal and Bostwick contained in their letter. I have never claimed to have discovered a new third  of the sphincter, nor did I specifically identify the crucial zone as entirely smooth muscle in composition. The diagram printed with the article is inaccurate and improperly labeled.  My statements to the American Urologic Association were the result of 12 years of combined roentgenographic and manometric studies of urethral sphincter function involving some 6,500 patients. In essence, the voluntary sphincter, which is clearly composed of skeletal musculature, compresses an area of the urethra that is identifiable radiographically and by pressure recordings and is commonly known as the external sphincter . Proximal to that area, extending superiorly to the distal
VACCINATION AND LOCAL ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: JOSEPH H. BARACH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

During the recent small-pox epidemic in Western Pennsylvania, and particularly in Pittsburgh, which through the effective administration of the Department of Health was quickly circumscribed and subdued, the Physicians of our vicinity had an unusual opportunity to observe large numbers of vaccinations. It has been estimated that in Pittsburgh about one-third of the population was vaccinated. The ordinary vaccination with cow-pox creates little interest in the mind of the practicing physician, and the results are not carefully observed. There is one phase of this topic, however, which is very interesting, and while mention of it is made in the recesses of the English literature, I think that it is not presuming too much to say that it is not generally recognized, and that its explanation is almost unknown. A patient is vaccinated and after a slight redness or perhaps a small raised papule lasting one to three days the entire
Treatment of Acute Cystitis
Authors: Jonathan M. Rieber
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Hooton and colleagues 1 attempts to standardize therapy for acute cystitis by defining the most efficacious and cost-efficient drug regimen. We agree that the wide variation in clinical practice today clearly indicates the need for this study. However, we disagree with their conclusions.  Hooton et al conclude, A 3-day regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is more effective and less expensive than 3-day regimens of nitrofurantoin, cefadroxil, or amoxicillin..... In their comparative analysis, only nitrofurantoin was statistically inferior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( P =.04). Cure rates with amoxicillin and with cefadroxil were not statistically different from cure rates with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( P =.11 for both comparisons).  The study also failed to account for patients who received care at another clinic and patients who received nonstudy antibiotics. Four patients in the cefadroxil group received nonstudy antibiotics and were excluded. Patients in two of the other groups treated at other clinics
Retinoid augmentation of bioactive interleukin-1 production by murine keratinocytes
Authors: Y. TOKURA, R.L. EDELSON, F.P. GASPARRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The effect of retinoids on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by murine epidermal keratinocytes was investigated. Freshly isolated keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of etretinate, acitretin, all-trans retinoic acid or 13-cis retinoic acid at concentrations of 8 x 10(-9)-8 x 10(-6) mol/l. Exposure of keratinocytes to retinoids increased IL-1 bioactivity in culture supernatants and cell extracts at concentrations as low as 8 x 10(-9) mol/l, as assessed by T-cell proliferation. Prolongation of the culture period enhanced the augmentative effect of retinoids. All-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid had a greater ability to induce IL-1 production than the two aromatic retinoids, etretinate and acitretin. Treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation and treatment with triamcinolone acetonide both reduced the effect of retinoids on the production of bioactive IL-1.
Mary Helmer (Mrs Sterland)
Authors: J. Sterland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

At her Royal Free interview in 1937, Mary Helmer was advised to visit Germany to read original medical papers. With no grants for students outside London, she survived on £3 a week. She caught diphtheria from an evacuated child, receiving horse serum treatment leading to a rash. During the second world war the preclinical …
A Novel Technique of Concurrent Esophagoscopy and Transgastrostomy Gastroscopy to Dilate a Completely Obstructed Distal Esophageal Stricture in a Child Following Fundoplication
Authors: J. H. Isaiah, A. B. Jones, E. Lalor, M. Evans, I. Dhunno, H. Q. Huynh
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We report a successful dilation of a completely obstructed distal esophageal stricture in a 4-year-old boy with combined immune deficiency syndrome, at 2 and half years after fundoplication and gastrostomy tube insertion. Barium studies and esophagoscopy had revealed complete obstruction of the lower esophagus. Transgastrostomy gastroscopy demonstrated a pinhole lumen through the fundoplication wrap; a guide wire was passed into the esophagus; and the stricture was dilated with Savary dilators. We presumed that the stricture was secondary to chronic esophagitis. The stricture was identified and successfully dilated using a novel technique of concurrent esophagoscopy and transgastrostomy gastroscopy.
On the Early Treatment of Prostatic Retention of Urine
Authors: G. B. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1886)

THE BRElTISH MJDWICAL'JOURNAL.procedure.These advantages are, however, counterbalanced in the method which I adopted, by the circumstance that the operation can be performed more rapidly ; while, by using a flexible gum-elastic tracheal tube, of sufficient size to fill the trachea, not only can the escape of blood into the lower air-passages be prevented, but the aumesthetic and the hands of the administrator are removed to some distance from the field of operation.One point to which I desire to direct your attention is, the advantage of dividing the thyroid cartilage close to its upper posterior angle.By separating the superior cornu before dissecting the larynx from the isophagus, the operation is greatly facilitated, and the da-nger of
Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor Treatment Does Not Affect D-Dimer Levels and Is Not Associated With Thromboembolic Events In HAE Patients
Authors: Avner Reshef, Andrea Zanichelli, Hilary Longhurst, Yun Hardiman, Anurag Relan, C. Erik Hack
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Your Food and Your Health; Startling Scientific Discoveries About Diet, Digestion, and Nutrition, and How You Can Benefit From Them
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Every year Americans spend more than $2 billion on vitamins, tonics, health foods, laxatives, and other merchandise which, according to the author, we seldom need but which, we are told, will protect us from the hazards of ordinary food and drink. Mr. Carter proposes a new remedy: knowledge. It is, he believes, the "only medicine that has any lasting effect against digestive ills," and he predicts that many readers, by reading his book and becoming more knowledgeable about their digestive tracts, will be cured of "minor digestive miseries." Mr. Carter holds the view that if people<i>realized</i>cheese does not constipate, cheese would not constipate; if people<i>realized</i>ulcers are psychogenic, ulcers would not occur. He bases his book on a number of "misconceptions" which, he says, are widely regarded as true but "without foundation." Among them: Gluttony is the sole cause of overweight. Certain fats cause heart disease. Ulcer
Single or Combination Therapy of Staphylococcal Endocarditis in Intravenous Drug Abusers
Authors: BARRY ABRAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest cause of acute endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers. In-vitro and in-vivo animal studies have found increased killing of organisms with the combination of a β-lactam antibiotic and an aminoglycoside. These findings have created a controversy about the use of such combination therapy. We randomly treated 25 episodes of S. aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers with either single or combination antibiotic regimens. Mean days to defervescence were similar in both groups: 6.3 d (SEM, 1.49 d) for the single drug group and 6.6 d (SEM, 1.02 d) for the group treated in combination with an aminoglycoside. There were no bacteriologic failures or relapses in either group. No patients needed valvular surgery, and the mortality rate was zero. Thus, it appears that single drug therapy with an appropriate β-lactam antibiotic is adequate and appropriate in intravenous drug abusers with S. aureus endocarditis.
AN UNUSUAL OUTBREAK OF GASTRO-ENTERITIS
Authors: J. Fanning
Journal: BMJ (1935)

0 89 0.86 0.72 0.84 0.92 White cells ... 24,00 10,000 6,5C0 Polymorphe I)er cent.94.7 62 53.7 Large mononuclears per -1.3 4 4.7 cent.Small mononuclears per -4 32.7 40.7 cent.Eosinophils per cectt._ _ 1.3 0 3 -Mast calls per cent._ _ -0.6No abnormal red or white cells seen.Urine: trace albumin; a few leucocytes; culture sterile.Blood culture on November 14th: sterile after eight days' incubation.
The earth may move, but let's keep our feet on the ground
Authors: M. Hotopf, S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Havelock Ellis, the Edwardian Dr Ruth, was concerned with what he called “the problem of sexual abstinence.” Abstinence was, he claimed, responsible for neurasthenia, spinal irritation, hysteria, hypochondriasis, myalgia, and anorexia. This led him to ask a surprising question: would it be right for a physician to “prescribe” sex, even out of wedlock? He answered this question with a firm “no,” the justification of which reads like modern evidence based medicine: “In giving such a prescription the physician has in fact not the slightest knowledge of what he may be prescribing. He may be giving his patient a venereal disease [or] an illegitimate child, the …
Abstract 5533: Anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects of a novel vitamin D derivative, either alone or in a liposomal formulation in malignancies of kidney, pancreas and prostate
Authors: Rahul Ray, James R. Lambert, Kelly S. Persons, Vikram J. Eddy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has well-known potential in cancer-therapy; but such a potential is marred by its severe toxicity in pharmacological doses. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-bromoacetate (1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE) is a novel derivative of 1,25(OH)2D3 which enables covalent attachment of 1,25(OH)2D3 inside the ligand-binding pocket of nuclear vitamin D receptor, thus increasing the half-life of 1,25(OH)2D3 and potentially reducing its therapeutic dose with less toxicity. We have observed that 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE strongly hinders the growth of cells representing malignancies of prostate (androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive), pancreas and kidney. However, growth of normal kidney and prostate cells is not affected by this compound. Inhibition of cell-growth by 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE involves hindrance to cell-cycling, and enhancement of apoptosis and autophagy; and includes several mechanisms involving VDR-mediated nuclear pathway and inhibition of Akt-phophorylation. We have also observed that 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE strongly inhibits the growth of prostate and renal tumors in mouse xenograft models. In anticipation of its therapeutic potential we prepared a liposomal formulation of 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE to enhance its efficacy further by potentially preventing its premature degradation and tumor-targeting. We report that liposomal 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE is a significantly stronger growth-inhibiting compound than naked 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE in prostate, kidney and pancreatic cancer cells. This property is also manifested in a mouse xenograft model of androgen-insensitive prostate tumor. In summary, 1,25(OH)2D3-3-BE and its liposomal formulation demonstrate a strong translational therapeutic potential in cancers of kidney, pancreas and prostate. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5533.
Reduction of side‐effects from ultrarush immunotherapy with honeybee venom by pretreatment with fexofenadine:a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: A. Reimers, Y. Hari, U. Müller
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venoms is highly effective but causes allergic side‐effects frequently, especially when honeybee venom is used. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of pretreatment with the antihistamine fexofenadine on the incidence of allergic side‐effects during ultrarush immunotherapy with bee venom. Methods: In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 57 patients with a history of systemic allergic reactions to honeybee stings and positive diagnostic tests (skin tests, serum specific IgE to honeybee venom) were investigated. Bee venom immunotherapy was started with an ultrarush protocol and patients were randomized to pretreatment with either fexofenadine 180 mg or placebo on days 1, 8, 22, and 50 of the protocol. Local and systemic allergic side‐effects were registered. Results: Fifty‐four patients completed the study, 28 on fexofenadine and 26 on placebo pretreatment. On day 1, large local reactions were significantly reduced in both extension and duration by fexofenadine pretreatment ( P &lt;0.025). Systemic allergic side‐effects on the whole were not reduced. However, the symptoms pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema occurred less frequently with fexofenadine ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Pretreatment with fexofenadine during venom immunotherapy reduces local allergic reactions and generalized symptoms of the urticaria and angioedema type.
Predicting outcome of paracetamol poisoning by use 14C-aminopyrine breath test.
Authors: J B Saunders, N Wright, K O Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The 14C-aminopyrine (14C-amidopyrine) breath test, carried out within 24-36 hours of an overdosage of paracetamol, was used to predict the extent of liver damage in 30 seriously poisoned patients. Mean 14CO2 excretion was 4.4% in 20 healthy control subjects; 5.5% in six patients who escaped injury; and 2.9%, 1.5%, and 0.2% in those with mild to moderate (12 patients), severe (eight patients), and fatal (four patients) liver damage respectively. This test proved to be a more reliable predictor of the extent of liver damage than plasma paracetamol concentration or half life or the results of conventional liver function tests and may enable treatment of hepatic failure to be started at an early stage.
Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Renal Disease in the Tropics
Authors: J. W. Kibukamusoke
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Chronic glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome are common in the tropics-much more common than in temperate countries.In the past the aetiological factors were largely unknown, though malaria had been suspected of playing some part.Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is seen in the tropics, but it could not account for the high incidence of the nephrotic syndrome and chronic glomerulonephritis found in practice.Recent interest in the relationship of chronic renal disease in Africa to malaria, particularly quartan malaria, has led to evidence being found to suggest that a considerable number of cases of nephritis and nephrotic syndrome associated with malaria progress to a chronic state.
Sexual problems of diabetic men.
Authors: R Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Why do we not, then, use inactivated polio vaccines for routine immunisation in childhood?Parents would not need to be immunised at the same time as their child; and the current inactivated polio vaccines (improved considerably compared with the earliest examples) induce reliable and lasting immunity and are safe.Moreover, in the Netherlands the vaccine has virtually eliminated the disease,9 except in certain antivaccine religious groups.The answer lies in our relatively poor uptake rates for polio vaccine.At present only about 80% of infants, on average, complete a course of live attenuated oral vaccine; and to be effective nationally, inactivated polio vaccine probably needs the high levels of more than 9000 achieved in northern Europe.Therein lies our dilemma with polio vaccination: unless we can increase routine immunisation rates in childhood substantially, we will have to continue to persevere with live attenuated oral vaccine, which has been highly successful in Britain, and to accept the occasional case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis that goes with it.
Quality of Diabetes Care in the Middle- and High-Income Group Populace
Authors: Jitender Nagpal, Abhishek Bhartia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to evaluate the quality of care in known diabetic patients from the middle- and high-income group populace of Delhi. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a probability proportionate to size (systematic), two-stage cluster design. Thirty areas were selected for a house-to-house survey to recruit a minimum of 25 subjects (known diabetes ≥1 year; aged 35–65 years) per area. Data were collected by interview, by blood sampling, and from medical records. RESULTS—A total of 819 subjects (of 1,153 eligible) were enrolled from 20,666 houses. In total, 13.0% (95% CI 9.6–17.3) of the patients had an HbA1c (A1C) estimation and 16.2% (13.5–19.4) had a dilated eye examination in the last year, 32.1% (27.5–36.6) had serum cholesterol estimation in the last year, and 17.5% (14.2–21.5) were taking aspirin. An estimated 42.0% (37.7–46.2) had an A1C value &amp;gt;8%, 40.6% (36.5–44.7) had an LDL cholesterol level &amp;gt;130 mg/dl, and 63.2% (59.6–66.6) had blood pressure levels &amp;gt;140/90 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS—A wide gap exists between practice recommendations and delivery of diabetes care in Delhi.
Ballistocardiographic Findings in Patients with Symptoms of Angina Pectoris
Authors: HERBERT R. BROWN, MARVIN J. HOFFMAN, VINCENT DE LALLA
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The physiologic evaluation of the heart by recording mechanical heart actions which in turn are imparted to the body is an approach easily available through the use of the ballistocardiograph. This instrument thus affords a physiologic approach to the problem of angina pectoris and may be used as a diagnostic agent. Ballistocardiographic tracings have been correlated with the histories, physical findings, and electrocardiograms of 50 patients with symptoms of angina pectoris. These were grouped into typical and atypical cases with further subdivision based upon the presence or absence of objective cardiac abnormality. Most significant in the series was the establishment of a definite correlation between abnormality of the ballistocardiographic pattern and the typical cases of angina pectoris. Such a relationship validates use of this instrument as a diagnostic agent in the atypical cases of angina pectoris where it is anticipated that diagnosis can be specifically aided by supplying empiric evidence of cardiac abnormality.