tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular Node Reentry With ‘Smooth’ AV Node Function Curves
Authors: Richard G. Sheahan, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Catherine A. Le Feuvre, Andrew D. Krahn
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Some patients with otherwise typical AV node reentry do not manifest discontinuous AV node function curves. We examined the effects of an ablation in the slow-pathway region in patients with smooth AV node function curves. Methods and Results Fifteen patients with AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and discontinuous AV node function curves were compared with 15 patients with AVNRT and smooth AV node function curves. In the group with a discontinuous curve, the “net” anterograde effective refractory period (AERP) of the AV node increased (270±28 versus 304±37 ms, P =.03) and AERP of the remaining fast pathway decreased (367±100 versus 304±37 ms, P =.026) after the ablation. In the group with a smooth curve, the AERP of the AV node increased (266±42 versus 299±76 ms, P =.07) and the anterograde Wenckebach cycle length increased (336±66 versus 379±86 ms, P =.008) after the ablation. Retrograde conduction over the AV node was similar in both groups and was unchanged after ablation. The longest attainable AH interval (AH max ) measured during atrial extrastimulus testing was more prolonged in patients with a discontinuous curve than in patients with a smooth curve (326±48 versus 250±70 ms, P =.002). The AH max shortened in both groups after ablation (326±48 versus 173±34 ms, P &lt;.0001, and 250±70 versus 179±34 ms, P &lt;.0003, respectively) and were similar. Successful ablation in the slow-pathway zone in patients with a smooth AV node function curve resulted in the loss of the “tail” of the curve representing the slow pathway. Conclusions These data suggest that the smooth AV node function curve consists of two distinct components representing both fast and slow AV node pathways even when the typical discontinuity is absent.
Wedged Swan-Ganz Catheter Causing Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: ASLAM R. SIDDIQUI, HENRY N. WELLMAN, EUGENE C. KLATTE, J VANNOY FARIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) lung scan in a postoperative patient with a Swan–Ganz catheter showed an area of mismatch suggesting pulmonary embolism. Radiographs, as well as failure to get a venous return from the catheter suggested wedging. A pulmonary angiogram, performed after the Swan–Ganz catheter was pulled back, was essentially normal. An autopsy performed within 24 hours of the lung scan did not reveal pulmonary emboli. Wedged Swan–Ganz catheter was probably responsible for the V/Q mismatch.
Serotonin and histamine storage in mast cell secretory granules is dependent on serglycin proteoglycan
Authors: Maria Ringvall, Elin Rönnberg, Sara Wernersson, Annette Duelli, Frida Henningsson, Magnus Åbrink, Gianni García-Faroldi, Ignacio Fajardo, Gunnar Pejler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Support for New Policies to Regulate Firearms — Results of Two National Surveys
Authors: Stephen P. Teret, Daniel W. Webster, Jon S. Vernick, Tom W. Smith, Deborah Leff, Garen J. Wintemute, Philip J. Cook, Darnell F. Hawkins, Arthur L. Kellermann, Susan B. Sorenson, Susan DeFrancesco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

New policy options are emerging in the debate regarding the regulation of firearms in the United States. These options include the treatment of firearms as consumer products, the design of which can be regulated for safety; denial of gun ownership to those convicted of misdemeanors; and strategies to curtail the illegal sale of guns. The public's opinion of these innovative gun-policy options has not been thoroughly assessed.
Effects of Diet and Sexual Maturation on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol During Puberty
Authors: Peter O. Kwiterovich, Bruce A. Barton, Robert P. McMahon, Eva Obarzanek, Sally Hunsberger, Denise Simons-Morton, Sue Y. S. Kimm, Lisa Aronson Friedman, Norman Lasser, Alan Robson, Ronald Lauer, Victor Stevens, Linda Van Horn, Samuel Gidding, Linda Snetselaar, Virginia W. Hartmuller, Merwyn Greenlick, Frank Franklin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to examine the efficacy and safety of a dietary intervention to reduce serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in children with elevated LDL-C. Methods and Results The effects of dietary intake of fat and cholesterol and of sexual maturation and body mass index (BMI) on LDL-C were examined in a 3-year longitudinal study of 663 boys and girls (age 8 to 10 years at baseline) with elevated LDL-C levels. Multiple linear regression was used to predict LDL-C at 3 years. For boys, LDL-C decreased by 0.018 mmol/L for each 10 mg/4.2 MJ decrease in dietary cholesterol ( P &lt;.05). For girls, no single nutrient was significant in the model, but a treatment group effect was evident ( P &lt;.05). In both sexes, BMI at 3 years and LDL-C at baseline were significant and positive predictors of LDL-C levels. In boys, the average LDL-C level was 0.603 mmol/L lower at Tanner stage 4+ than at Tanner stage 1 ( P &lt;.01). In girls, the average LDL-C level was 0.274 mmol/L lower at Tanner stage 4+ than at Tanner stage 1 ( P &lt;.05). Conclusions In pubertal children, sexual maturation, BMI, dietary intervention (in girls), and dietary cholesterol (in boys) were significant in determining LDL-C. Sexual maturation was the factor associated with the greatest difference in LDL-C. Clinicians screening for dyslipidemia or following dyslipidemic children should be aware of the powerful effects of pubertal change on measurements of lipoproteins.
Characterization of a humanized IgG4 anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody that lacks effector cell functions but retains direct antilymphoma activity and increases the potency of rituximab
Authors: Rhona Stein, Zhengxing Qu, Susan Chen, David Solis, Hans J. Hansen, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Blood (2006)

HLA-DR is under investigation as a target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of malignancies. Here we describe a humanized IgG4 form of the anti-HLA-DR mAb L243, hL243gamma4P (IMMU-114), generated to provide an agent with selectivity toward neoplastic cells that can kill without complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity (ADCC), so as to reduce reliance on intact immunologic systems in the patient and effector mechanism-related toxicity. In vitro studies show that replacing the Fc region of hL243gamma1, a humanized IgG1 anti-HLA-DR mAb, with the IgG4 isotype abrogates the effector cell functions of the antibody (ADCC and CDC) while retaining its antigen-binding properties, antiproliferative capacity (in vitro and in vivo), and the ability to induce apoptosis concurrent with activation of the AKT survival pathway. Growth inhibition was evaluated compared with and in combination with the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, with the combination being more effective than rituximab alone in inhibiting proliferation. Thus, hL243gamma4P is indistinguishable from hL243gamma1 and the parental murine mAb in assays dependent on antigen recognition. The abrogation of ADCC and CDC, which are believed to play a major role in side effects of mAb therapy, may make this antibody an attractive clinical agent. In addition, combination of hL243gamma4P with rituximab offers the prospect for improved patient outcome.
Peripheral Adiposity Exhibits an Independent Dominant Antiatherogenic Effect in Elderly Women
Authors: László B. Tankó, Yu Z. Bagger, Peter Alexandersen, Philip J. Larsen, Claus Christiansen
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Although several lines of evidence point to an atherogenic role of central fat mass (CFM), few data are available to address the specific role played by peripheral fat mass (PFM).This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 1356 women aged 60 to 85 years. Study variables were physical measures, CFM and PFM measured by DEXA, aortic calcification (AC) graded on lateral radiographs, lipid and glucose metabolites, blood pressure, and information on lifestyle factors and coronary disease. Peripheral fat mass showed independent negative correlation with both atherogenic metabolic risk factors and AC (P<0.001). The most severe insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome and AC (score 5.10+/-0.76) was found in women with high central fat percentage (CF%, 21.7+/-0.2%) and low peripheral fat percentage (PF%, 18.3+/-0.2%, n=48). The least severe AC (score 2.45+/-0.31) was found in obese women with high CF% (21.6+/-0.1%) and high PF% (27.3+/-0.14%, n=112). The insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome was also less severe compared with those with the same CF% but low PF%. The most favorable metabolic profile characterized women with low CF% (11.56+/-0.16%) and high PF% (26.86+/-0.33%, n=44). In women with a history of myocardial infarct (18.41+/-0.55%, n=45), CF% was significantly higher compared with women with no manifest coronary disease (16.48+/-0.12%, n=1210) without differences in PF%.In elderly women, localization of fat mass is apparently more important for atherosclerosis than obesity per se; although CFM is associated with atherogenic tendencies, PFM seems to exhibit an independent dominant antiatherogenic effect.
EFFICACY OF INTRAMYOCARDIAL INJECTIONS OF AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR STEM CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE: LONG-TERM RESULTS: ACC POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Sregey Artemenko, Alexander Cherniavskiy, Petr Larionov, Igor Terehov, Olga Poveschenko, Elena Kliver, Alexander Karaskov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Rectal Cancer in Young Patients : Clinicopathological Caracteristics and Outcome in a Single Institution
Authors: Lamiae Amaadour, Zineb Benbrahim, Adil Ibrahimi, Khaled Maazaz, Amarti Afaf, Khaled ait Taleb, Siham Tizniti, Khaled Hassouni, Samia Arifi, Nawfel Mellas, Omar El Mesbahi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Abstract 102: Hypermethylation of <i>Keap1</i> promoter and expression of the downstream genes in human colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Naoyuki Hanada, Takenori Takahata, Jugoh Itoh, Yasuo Saijo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Nrf2-Keap1 system is a master regulator of phase 2 detoxifying and antioxidant genes including NAD(P)H-quinon oxidoreductase 1[NQO-1] and aldo-keto reductase C1 (AKRC1). Somatic mutation of Keap1 gene and aberrant hypermethylation of Keap1 gene promoter region was found in human lung cancer. Loss of keap1 function activates Nrf2 activity and enhanced the lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. However, there has not been studied Keap1 gene status in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated status of keap1 gene in 10 human colorectal cancer cell lines. No somatic mutation of keap1 gene was found in all 10 cell lines. Hypermethylation of Keap1 promoter region was found in 8 cell lines. Keap1 mRNA and protein expression tended to be lower in these hypermethylated cell lines. The keap1 mRNA in a methylated cell line (HT29) was re-expressed by treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) and Trichostatin A (TSA). mRNA of the downstream genes, such as NQO-1 and AKRC1, were over expressed in the methylated cell line (HT29) compared to a nonmethylated cell line (Colo320DM) in Real time PCR analysis. In addition, we examined the methylation status of keap1 promoter region in primary tumors of 30 patients with colorectal cancer using methylation-specific PCR. An aberrant methylation in keap1 promoter was detected in 16 of 30 (53%). These findings suggest that hypermethylation of Keap1 promoter region in human colorectal cancer upregulates the expression of the downstream genes of keap1/nrf2 system which can be associated with the advantage for cancer progression and resistance to the anticancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 102. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-102
Abstract 3304: 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is under negative regulation from miR-210 and 518c in breast cancer
Authors: Erik Hilborn, Alexander Hung, Agneta Jansson Jansson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 is an important mediator of estrogen bioactivity in the breast tissue, both in healthy epithelium and during breast cancer. The primary role of 17β-HSD type 1 is in catalyzing the NADH dependent reduction of estrone to the more potent estradiol. The expression of 17β-HSD type 1 has been shown to predict tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients, but the regulatory mechanisms of 17HSD type 1 is not well known. In order to further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms it was decided to study microRNA in relation to this protein in breast cancer cell-lines. We studied the effect of microRNA mimics 210 and 518c after transient transfection upon the expression levels of 17β-HSD type 1 mRNA in breast cancer epithelial cell-lines MCF-7 and ZR75-1. The expression of 17β-HSD type 1 was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The endogenous expression of 17β-HSD type 1 in MCF-7 is low while ZR75-1 express moderate levels. We show that microRNA-210 down regulates 17β-HSD type 1 mRNA levels to 75% of untreated cells in MCF-7, and to 85% in ZR75-1. In addition, microRNA-518c was shown to down-regulate 17β-HSD type 1 to 90% compared to the endogenous expression. MicroRNA-210 is well known adverse indicator of breast cancer outcome, impacting cell cycle, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and cell survival, and has been shown to be up-regulated by hypoxia. It seems logical that while the cells recover from their excessive proliferating and the ensuing hypoxia, local 17β-HSD type 1 are down-regulated to slow down the rate of proliferation thus giving the cancer time to recover. Less is known about microRNA 518c in breast cancer, and this modulation of 17β-HSD type 1 levels is the first clear indicator of its role in breast cancer. These findings indicate that 17β-HSD type 1 is under microRNA control, and that this may be one important mechanism by which its expression levels are regulated in breast cancer. Citation Format: Erik Hilborn, Alexander Hung, Agneta Jansson Jansson. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is under negative regulation from miR-210 and 518c in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3304
PTH-023 Paediatric Faecal Voc Analysis: Method Optimisation
Authors: A Mayor, S Reade, R Aggio, T Khalid, C Probert
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) analysis is an emerging diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal conditions because of its sampling ease and non-invasive characteristics. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) is often used with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of VOCs; however no procedure has been standardised for an application in faecal analysis with the potential for on–site utilisation. Several aspects of the sampling preparation applied to neonatal faecal samples were studied to improve the robustness of the analytical process for paediatric studies. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty-three faecal neonate samples of weight 50–700 mg were analysed. The results produced by SPME coatings CAR/PDMS and DVB/CAR/PDMS were compared (n = 5/variable), as were vial volumes of 2 and 10 ml (n = 4/variable; N=3) and the addition of 0.5 and 1 ml (n = 3/variable) of a saturated NaCl solution prior to GC-MS analysis. In addition, the influence of leaving the samples for 14 h at 1°C instead of -20°C was studied (n = 3/condition). Finally, the reproducibility of the method was tested by looking at the internal variation of 10 sets of triplicate; furthermore, 3 sets were reanalysed 4 times in order to characterise the repeatability across GC-MS runs. Independent samples t-test, one–way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were performed to test differences between data classes. Final p-values were adjusted by Bonferroni and p-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty (±2) VOCs were identified using samples of 100 mg, while 28 (±1) and 25 (±2) VOCs were identified in samples of 450 respectively 700 mg. There were no significant differences in VOCs intensities between samples of 450 and 700 mg as between 50 and 100 mg. However, all VOCs intensities were significantly higher in samples of 450 and 700 mg when compared to 100 mg. No differences were observed between the two SPME coatings, and the addition of salt did not improve results quantitatively or qualitatively. Keeping samples at 1°C instead of -20°C and/or varying the volume of the vial did not influence the results significantly. Finally, for 7 sets of triplicates out of 10, more than 90% of the ion intensities varied less than 30% but multiple runs of GC-MS resulted in significant changes in intensity of 40% or more of the VOCs identified. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Several parameters were studied to optimise a method for paediatric faecal VOCs analysis and a robust method has now been developed and detailed. Samples of 50–100mg may be studied. This weight gives reproducible results, but samples should not be reanalysed as headspace VOCs are altered by the procedure. Other changes to sample processing had little impact on the results. A chilled auto sampling rack may be safely used. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Allergic cross‐reactivity: from gene to the clinic
Authors: F. Ferreira, T. Hawranek, P. Gruber, N. Wopfner, A. Mari
Journal: Allergy (2004)

A large number of allergenic proteins have now their complete cDNA sequences determined and in some cases also the 3D structures. It turned out that most allergens could be grouped into a small number of structural protein families, regardless of their biological source. Structural similarity among proteins from diverse sources is the molecular basis of allergic cross-reactivity. The clinical relevance of immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross-reactivity seems to be influenced by a number of factors including the immune response against the allergen, exposure and the allergen. As individuals are exposed to a variable number of allergenic sources bearing homologous molecules, the exact nature of the antigenic structure inducing the primary IgE immune response cannot be easily defined. In general, the 'cross-reactivity' term should be limited to defined clinical manifestations showing reactivity to a source without previous exposure. 'Co-recognition', including by definition 'cross-reactivity', could be used to describe the large majority of the IgE reactivity where co-exposure to a number of sources bearing homologous molecules do not allow unequivocal identification of the sensitizing molecule. The analysis of reactivity clusters in diagnosis allows the interpretation of the patient's reactivity profile as a result of the sensitization process, which often begins with exposure to a single allergenic molecule.
A New Technique for Releasing a Stuck Loop
Authors: R. Silva, L. Dias, C. Brandão, N. Mesquita, M. Ribeiro, N. Fernandes
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A detachable loop for preventing and treating postpolypectomy bleeding (Olympus HX-20L/Q/U-1, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was developed by Hachisu in 1990 [1]. It consists of an operating part with a Teflon and stainless-steel coil sheath, a hook wire, and the handle with an attached loop of nylon. The loop is electrically nonconductive and is threaded with a silicone-rubber stopper that maintains tightness around the stalk of the polyp. Deploying the detachable loop is a multistep process involving loading onto the ligating system, extrusion of the loop from inside the Teflon sheath, positioning and tightening the loop around the stalk of a large pedunculated polyp, and loop release. A diathermy snare is then used to cut the stalk of the polyp above the tightened loop.
Prognosis in patients with MDS or AML and bone marrow blasts between 10% and 30% is not associated with blast counts but depends on cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics
Authors: U Bacher, W Kern, T Alpermann, S Schnittger, A Kohlmann, H-U Klein, M Dugas, C Haferlach, T Haferlach
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
ACUTE OBSTRUCTION OF THE BOWELS.
Authors: FLOYD WILCOX McRAE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

I shall deal with acute obstruction of the bowels from a surgical standpoint, for I am convinced that the few cases which recover without operative interference but emphasize its importance. The results of operations for the relief of the various conditions that produce obstruction are all the while improving. These results, however, are not what they should be. The mortality is too great. When physicians come to a full realization of the importance of prompt and active interference, when they become willing to call immediate surgical aid, then will the mortality be reduced still further. So long as we are content to leave the cases to nature, and content ourselves with pumping our patients full of water or air, and giving them all sorts of drastic purgatives, just so long will we send more and more of these unfortunate victims to untimely graves. These are dangerous agents, and as a
A biomarker approach to assessing xenobiotic exposure in Atlantic tomcod from the North American Atlantic coast.
Authors: I I Wirgin, C Grunwald, S Courtenay, G L Kreamer, W L Reichert, J E Stein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We determined levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, hepatic DNA adducts, and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, a measure of exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in Atlantic tomcod from six river systems ranging from highly polluted to relatively pristine on the northeast North American coast (the Hudson River, New York; the St. Lawrence River, Quebec; the Miramichi River, New Brunswick; the Saco and Royal rivers, Maine; and the Margaree River, Nova Scotia). Hudson River tomcod showed the greatest response for all parameters, and tomcod from the Margaree River exhibited the least response. Tomcod from the Miramichi River exhibited marked induction of CYP1A mRNA but low levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs, whereas fish from the St. Lawrence River showed no induction of CYP1A mRNA and moderately elevated levels of DNA adducts and biliary FACs. In tomcod from the Hudson and Miramichi rivers, the levels of CYP1A mRNA were 28 times and 14 times, respectively, as great as the levels in fish from the St. Lawrence, Saco/Royal, and Margaree rivers. Mean levels of DNA adducts varied from 120 nmol adducts/mol bases in Hudson River tomcod to < 3 nmol adducts/mol bases in fish from the Miramichi and Margaree rivers. Concentrations of FACs in the bile of tomcod from the Hudson and St. Lawrence rivers were 8 and 1.8 times, respectively, as great as the concentrations in tomcod from the Miramichi River and Margaree River. In tomcod from the Hudson River, all three biomarkers were markedly elevated; in the St. Lawrence River two biomarkers were elevated, in the Miramichi River one was elevated, but no biomarker was substantially elevated in fish from the Saco/Royal and Margaree rivers. Elevated levels of hepatic DNA adducts and biliary FACs in tomcod from the Hudson River suggest increased exposure to PAHs, consistent with previous studies.