tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelet release and thromboxane synthesis in symptomatic coronary artery disease.
Authors: A C de Boer, A G Turpie, R W Butt, R V Johnston, E Genton
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The incidence and significance of platelet activation in myocardial ischemia was evaluated by serial measurement of plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) in plasma and urine in 98 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with chest pain. All measurements were normal in the 26 patients with noncardiac chest pain. Mean plasma TXB2 and beta TG concentration, but not urine beta TG, were elevated in the 25 patients with myocardial infarction and the 47 patients with angina. The beta TG levels remained normal in 61% of the patients with angina or infarction. The TXB2 levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent episodes of angina at rest than in those without ischemic episodes after admission. There was a weak correlation between plasma TXB2 and plasma beta TG (r = 0.20, p less than 0.01) and between plasma and urine beta TG (r = 0.31, p less than 0.01). Results indicate that platelets are frequently activated with myocardial ischemia or infarction. However, the measurement of beta TG and TXB2 is of limited value in detecting or differentiating myocardial ischemia from infarction and therefore lacks clinical value in the management of patients with ischemic heart disease.
Treatment of X-Linked Primary Hyperuricemia With Allopurinol
Authors: David S. Newcombe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

LESCH AND NYHAN recently described a disorder of uric acid metabolism and central nervous system function in two brothers consisting of hyperuricemia, choreo-athetosis, mental and motor retardation, and self-mutilation. 1 Previously, Catel and Schmidt, 2 and Riley 3 had reported isolated cases conforming to this syndrome. Hoefnagel et al 4 reported three additional afflicted males, and postulated that the defective gene for this syndrome might be on the x chromosome. The present authors have recorded a pedigree indicating an x-linked recessive inheritance. 5 Since the nomenclature in the literature has varied, we have elected to refer to this syndrome as x-linked primary hyperuricemia (XPH). This terminology seems appropriate in view of what is known about the disease, and separates it from other types of hyperuricemia, including gout.  In the majority of the reported cases, the passage of urate sand has been described; and in one autopsied case, renal tubular crystal
Preliminary Note on a New Quantitative Method for Serum Diagnosis
Authors: R. T. Hewlett, S. Rowland
Journal: BMJ (1900)

& a=Z IOI5all the typical clinical features, including pigmentation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips, while the children, in order of age, demonstrate the same phenomenain decreasing severity and distinctness.The moles, placed so prominently in the list of important clinical features by Addison, Greenhowe, and others, are specially characteristic of this family group.If less significance is attached to them, then the correctness of our diagnosis is much more open to question.The cases were shown at a meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh on February ist, I900.Why should it not be conceivable that a tuberculous lesion so often hereditary might not exist in the samefamily in every ehild?But why is it that in so many recorded cases of Addi- son's disease, aLnounting now to several hundreds, so seldom is any reference made to plurality of cases in one family?The future will clear up the mystery as far as this family is concerned, and the record is published in the hope that by directing attention to investigation into family history, more carefully than has been done in the past, similar instances may be met with.
To Be 17 Again — Anti–Interleukin-17 Treatment for Psoriasis
Authors: Ari Waisman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interleukin-17 is a cytokine that belongs to a family of six members (interleukins 17A through 17F), which bind a total of five receptors (interleukins 17RA through 17RE).13 Of these six interleukin-17 cytokines, interleukins 17A and 17F are very homologous and bind the same receptor complex (interleukins 17RA and 17RC). Interleukin-17A is the founding member of the family and is therefore also termed interleukin-17.4 It was identified in 1993 as a cytokine that mediates the production of chemokines and subsequently the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation.3 Although interleukin-17 has been discussed recently with reference to autoimmune diseases, one . . .
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Impotence: Diagnosis and Management of Male Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Walter L. Gerber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 August 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Impotence: Diagnosis and Management of Male Erectile DysfunctionWalter L. Gerber, MDWalter L. Gerber, MDAlbert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Impotence: Diagnosis and Management of Male Erectile DysfunctionR. S. Kirby, Culley C. Carson, and G. D. Webster; eds. 262 pages. Stoneham, Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991. $115.00.Nearly ten million men in the United States alone suffer from some degree of erectile dysfunction. The prevalence in diabetic men ranges from 35% to 75%. Clearly, this topic is important. In addition, our improved knowledge of the mechanisms of erection has allowed us to understand better the causes of failure. This in turn reflects the increased focus on basic physiology that urology as a whole is developing in its approach to understanding disease processes.Numerous texts, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 254KeywordsErectile dysfunctionUrology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book: Britain and Biological Warfare: Expert Advice and Science Policy, 1930-65
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Palgrave, £45, pp 246 ISBN 0 333 75430 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In the London Review of Books recently, Hugh Pennington, professor of medical microbiology at Aberdeen University, suggested that the big puzzle about anthrax was that terrorists had so far used it so little. Contrary to the reassuring propaganda about the difficulties of preparing spores and preventing them clumping, he reckoned that anyone who had had some basic training in bacteriology could do it. Even before contaminated mail caused the outbreak of anthrax in the United States last year, disaffected groups had attempted to cause harm using biological agents. In 1985, more than 700 people in Oregon developed salmonella gastroenteritis after a religious … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Principles of Appropriate Antibiotic Use: Acute Pharyngitis
Authors: Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters7 May 2002Principles of Appropriate Antibiotic Use: Acute PharyngitisGene H. Stollerman, MDGene H. Stollerman, MDBoston UniversityBoston, MA 02215 (Stollerman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-9-200205070-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:To reduce unwarranted antibiotic therapy, the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine proposed new guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in adults (1). These guidelines depart from recommendations of other expert committees (2) by endorsing antibiotic treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis on the basis of typical clinical criteria alone. For clinical manifestations that are not fully expressed, laboratory confirmation is restricted to rapid antigen diagnostic tests. Throat cultures are relegated to special studies.As the authors acknowledge, prospective studies will be necessary to prove that these guidelines will reduce ...References1. Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR. Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:506-8. [PMID: 11255529] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH. Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a practice guideline. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:574-83. [PMID: 9314443] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever. Lancet. 1997;349:935-42. [PMID: 9093263] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Federle MJ, McIver KS, Scott JR. A response regulator that represses transcription of several virulence operons in the group A streptococcus. J Bacteriol. 1999;181:3649-57. [PMID: 10368137] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Stollerman GH. Rheumatic fever in the 21st century. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:806-14. [PMID: 11512086] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gene H. Stollerman, MDAffiliations: Boston UniversityBoston, MA 02215 (Stollerman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrinciples of Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Pharyngitis in Adults Vincenza Snow , Christel Mottur-Pilson , Richelle J. Cooper , Jerome R. Hoffman , and Metrics 7 May 2002Volume 136, Issue 9Page: 708KeywordsAntibioticsAntigensPharyngitisPharynxRheumatic feverStreptococcal infectionsStreptococcal pharyngitisStreptococcusTreatment guidelinesVirulence factors ePublished: 7 May 2002 Issue Published: 7 May 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Kaci Hickox: Public Health and the Politics of Fear
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Kaci Hickox was a nurse who worked with persons who were infected with Ebola in West Africa. When she returned to the United States, the governors of New Jersey and Maine intervened to confine her to inpatient quarantine despite the fact that she was asymptomatic and had no serological evidence of infection. She defied the quarantine which resulted in enormous public attention and discussion of quarantine and public fear. This article summarizes the case discussing the history of the case, the government actions, and the final legal rulings.
Second-Line Therapy for Elderly Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Failed Previous Chemotherapy Is as Effective as for Younger Patients
Authors: Chieh-Hung Wu, Wen-Chien Fan, Yuh-Min Chen, Kun-Ta Chou, Jen-Fu Shih, Chun-Ming Tsai, Yu-Chin Lee, Ruery-Perng Perng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
ATP sensitive potassium channel openers are of potential benefit in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: I. Cavero, J. Premmereur
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article ATP sensitive potassium channel openers are of potential benefit in ischaemic heart disease Get access Icilio Cavero, Icilio Cavero Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France: I Cavero, J Premmereur. Correspondence to Dr Cavero. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerôme Premmereur Jerôme Premmereur Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 32–33, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.32 Published: 01 January 1994
Intraepidermal collagen type VII in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: report of five new cases
Authors: R.J. PHILLIPS, J.I. HARPER, B.D. LAKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The presence of intraepidermal collagen type VII has recently been used to define a subgroup of patients with mild dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). This subgroup demonstrates virtual resolution of blistering during infancy despite often severe neonatal blistering. Using the antibody LH7.2, we have detected intraepidermal collagen type VII in five cases with DEB. These represent a much wider spectrum of clinical features and of intraepidermal and basement membrane zone (BMZ) staining patterns. Only one of our cases had features consistent with reported cases. Sequential skin biopsies from this case showed a marked change towards normal within 6 months of birth, paralleling the clinical improvement. The other four cases had sparse epidermal deposits of collagen type VII and included an affected foetus with autosomal recessive DEB. These findings suggest that the frequency of intraepidermal LH7.2 in DEB may be much higher than previously thought. The presence of abundant intraepidermal collagen type VII is of prognostic significance and can disappear over months. We recommend that biopsies of infants suspected of having EB are taken during the neonatal period.
Russia is on brink of AIDS epidemic
Authors: M. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Russia, and in particular Moscow, is on the brink of an AIDS epidemic, the president of the Russian Medical Academy told doctors gathered in Moscow for a national AIDS seminar. Although Russia has officially registered only 1269 cases of HIV infection, a quarter of them in Moscow, and 193 deaths since the first case appeared in Russia in 1987, health officials are alarmed by the recent rise in the rate of infection. In 1995, 200 new cases were registered, but 205 cases had already been registered in the first 6 months of 1996. The rapid spread of intravenous drug use is the main factor contributing to the rise in HIV infection. According to the head of the Russian AIDS Center, the real number of people infected with HIV in Russia is 3-4 times higher than official numbers, while AIDS activists believe that the real figure is 10-20 times higher. Russia has traditionally blamed its AIDS problem on foreigners and introduced an obligatory HIV test as a visa requirement for long-term visitors. Now neighboring Ukraine and Belarus are being blamed for the latest crisis. Of 1000 known intravenous drug users tested in Svetlogorsk, Belarus, 158 are HIV positive, with 20 results still outstanding. Previously, only 130 people in Belarus were known to be infected with HIV. In the Ukraine, where HIV testing has shown that over 5000 people are HIV positive and where a further 20,000 are estimated to be infected, a special subtype of HIV-1 has been discovered. In 1995 there were 1021 new cases of HIV infection, but in the first 4 months of this year there were 1805 new cases. Although the chief AIDS specialist at Russia's health ministry agrees that health education is more important than scare tactics against foreigners, in 1995 the health ministry received only 49% of the funds allocated for national AIDS education.
Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication
Authors: J. G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1964)

of these experiments.Better results were obtained when the interferon was injected by the intramuscular route.A single dose of interferon afforded protection to mice when injected at times between 30 and 3j hours before infection with virus, but not when given 48 hours before infection.Some protection was obtained when a large dose of interferon was given three hours after infection.I am grateful to Dr. 0. L. Davies for advice on the statistical aspects of this work.
Abstract 1690: Analysis of benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene and phenanthrene tetraol enantiomers in human urine: Relevance to the bay region diol epoxide hypothesis of benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene carcinogenesis and to biomarker studies
Authors: Stephen S. Hecht, Steven G. Carmella, J. Bradley Hochalter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One widely accepted metabolic activation pathway of the prototypic carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) proceeds through the bay region diol epoxide BaP-(7R,8S)-diol-(9S,10R)-epoxide. However, few studies have addressed the analysis of human urinary metabolites of BaP which result from this pathway. Phenanthrene (Phe) is structurally related to BaP, but human exposure to Phe is far greater and its metabolites can be readily detected in human urine. Thus, we have proposed that Phe metabolites can be biomarkers of PAH exposure and metabolic activation. Phe-tetraols in particular could be biomarkers of the diol epoxide pathway. While BaP-tetraols and Phe-tetraols have been previously quantified in human urine, no published studies have determined their enantiomeric composition. This is important because different enantiomers would result from the bay region diol epoxide and “reverse” diol epoxide pathways, the latter being associated with weak mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. We addressed this problem using chiral HPLC to separate the enantiomers of Phe-1,2,3,4-tetraol and BaP-7,8,9,10-tetraol. Urine samples from smokers were subjected to hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase followed by solid-phase extraction on a Strata-X polymeric sorbent cartridge and a Bond Elute phenylboronic acid cartridge, chiral HPLC on a Cyclobond II or Pirkle column, and quantitation by gas-chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring analysis of the Phe-tetraols, as their tetra-trimethylsilyl ethers. The results demonstrated that &amp;gt;96% of Phe-tetraol in smokers’ urine was Phe-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-tetraol, resulting from the “reverse” diol epoxide pathway, whereas less than 4% resulted from the bay region diol epoxide pathway of Phe metabolism. The corresponding (R,R)-stereochemistry of their precursor diols Phe-1,2-diol and Phe-3,4-diol was also confirmed. Urine from creosote workers with very high exposure to PAH was similarly analyzed for BaP-tetraol enantiomers. In contrast to the results of the Phe-tetraol analyses in smokers’ urine, &amp;gt;75% of BaP-tetraol in these human urine samples was BaP-(7R,8S,9R,10S)-tetraol resulting from the bay region diol epoxide pathway of BaP metabolism. These results provide the first direct support based on human urinary metabolite analysis for the bay region diol epoxide pathway of BaP metabolism and demonstrate differences in BaP and Phe metabolism which may be important when considering Phe-tetraols as biomarkers of PAH metabolic activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1690.
Abstract 1801: Lyn and Fyn inhibition as a potential novel treatment for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Om Prakash, Anna Wilk, Himanshu Vashistha, Shih-Chao Lin, Rita Aregbezola, Daniel Levitt, Krzysztof Reiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and most aggressive of the adult brain tumors. The current therapies including surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain palliative with median survival of 14 months. Two of the Src family kinases, Lyn and Fyn, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis and aggressiveness of GBM in clinical and laboratory research studies. Specific Aims: We evaluated the effect of Lyn and Fyn kinase inhibition on GBM cell motility and survival by utilizing a clinically relevant Lyn and Fyn kinase inhibitor, bafetinib or formerly INNO-406 (CytRx Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). Bafetinib, a dual Bcr-Abl and Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been shown to inhibit 4 of the 79 tyrosine kinases, namely Abl, Abl-related gene (Arg), and two of the Src family kinases Lyn and Fyn but not Src. Methodology: We used Lyn- expressing T98G and Fyn-expressing U87MG human GBM cell lines. The effect of bafetinib on the motile activity was evaluated by the wound healing, single cell trajectory, and the trans-well assays. The cell survival and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated by Guava Easycyte *HT flowcytometer (Millipore) in cells treated with bafetinib for 24 h. Further, we examined the effect of bafetinib on cell survival in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), a widely used chemotherapy agent for the management of GBM, in U87MG cells using microplate MTT assay. Results: At 16 h post-wounding, bafetinib at 5 µM concentration inhibited the motility of T98G and U87MG cells by 33% (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and 24% (P &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively. This significant inhibition in the wound healing was accompanied by the inhibition of total length of cell trajectory, total length of the final cell displacement and average speed of cell locomotion. Bafetinib induced 62% mitochondrial membrane depolarization in U87MG cells and 20% depolarization in T98G cells. Higher depolarization levels in U87MG cells correlated with higher apoptosis (49.4%). Treatment of U87MG cells for 4 days with a combination of bafetinib and TMZ reduced the IC50 values as much as 60% and 80%, respectively, compared to the values obtained with each of the drugs, suggesting that bafetinib has the potential to improve the therapeutic effect of TMZ in GBM cells. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that targeting Lyn and Fyn kinase pathways with bafetinib may have a therapeutic potential for GBM. Our in vivo studies in mouse models with bafetinib will further establish the feasibility of targeting Lyn and Fyn kinases as possible therapeutic targets in GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1801. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1801
Biological and biochemical characterization of a factor produced spontaneously by adherent cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients inhibiting interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (Tac) expression on normal T cells.
Authors: A Ammar, C Cibert, A M Bertoli, V Tsilivakos, C Jasmin, V Georgoulias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Adherent cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects but not from normal blood donors, patients with Gram-positive or -negative bacteremia, active tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, and cytomegalovirus infection produce spontaneously an activity which inhibits alpha chain of interleukin-2 (Tac) expression and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by normal activated T cells and IL-2 production by these cells. A similar biologic activity was detected in culture supernatants of in vitro HIV-I-infected normal adherent and leukemic U937 cells. Tac-inhibitory activity is not cytotoxic and it could be detected in serum-free conditioned media. Recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of patients' and normal adherent cells did not enhance specifically the production of the Tac inhibitor. Biologically active conditioned media did not contain infectious virus as well as secreted p24, gp120 viral proteins; the biologic activity could not be abolished by anti-p24, anti-gp120, and anti-nef monoclonal antibodies or human purified polyclonal anti-HIV IgG. Gel filtration of conditioned media followed by anion exchange chromatography resulted in a 1,200-fold degree of purification and revealed that the biologically active molecule was cationic. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this fraction and gel elution of the proteins showed that the biologic activity was associated with a 29-kD protein which was distinct from alpha- or gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and prostaglandin E2. The above findings demonstrate the production of inhibitory factor(s) during HIV infection, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of the patients' immune defect.