tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modern Environmental Health Hazards: A Public Health Issue of Increasing Significance in Africa
Authors: Onyemaechi C. Nweke, William H. Sanders III
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Traditional hazards such as poor sanitation currently account for most of Africa's environmentally related disease burden. However, with rapid development absent appropriate safeguards for environment and health, modern environmental health hazards (MEHHs) may emerge as critical contributors to the continent's disease burden. We review recent evidence of human exposure to and health effects from MEHHs, and their occurrence in environmental media and consumer products. Our purpose is to highlight the growing significance of these hazards as African countries experience urbanization, industrial growth, and development.We reviewed published epidemiologic, exposure, and environmental studies of chemical agents such as heavy metals and pesticides.The body of evidence demonstrates ongoing environmental releases of MEHHs and human exposures sometimes at toxicologically relevant levels. Several sources of MEHHs in environmental media have been identified, including natural resource mining and processing and automobile exhaust. Biomonitoring studies provided direct evidence of human exposure to metals such as mercury and lead and pesticides such as p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and organophosphates. Land and water resource pollution and industrial air toxics are areas of significant data gaps, notwithstanding the presence of several emitting sources.Unmitigated MEHH releases and human exposure have implications for Africa's disease burden. For Africans encumbered by conditions such as malnutrition that impair resilience to toxicologic challenges, the burden may be higher. A shift in public health policy toward accommodating the emerging diversity in Africa's environmental health issues is necessary to successfully alleviate the burden of avoidable ill health and premature death for all its communities now and in the future.
A piece of my mind. Do angels cry?
Authors: M. Marusic
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mycosis fungoides with a widespread follicular eruption, comedones and cysts
Authors: S. OLIWIECKI, J. ASHWORTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Mycosis fungoides with a widespread follicular eruption, comedones and cysts Get access S. OLIWIECKI, S. OLIWIECKI The Skin Hospital, Chapel Street, Salford M60 9EP, U.K. Dr S.Oliwiecki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. ASHWORTH J. ASHWORTH The Skin Hospital, Chapel Street, Salford M60 9EP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 1, 1 July 1992, Pages 54–56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14828.x Published: 01 July 1992
Lesions in Muscle in Arthritis
Authors: H. J. Gibson, G. D. Kersley, M. H. L. Desmarais
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1946)

Recent pathological studies suggest that rheumatoid arthritis may be a disease with widespread involvement of tissues other than the joints.Curtis and Pollard (1940) were the first to describe a nonarticular histological lesion which was common to all cases of rheumatoid arthritis-their cases including four with Felty's syndrome.In every one of 11 cases these authors found small perivascular infiltrations with lymphocytes in the corium of the skin and in the muscles.They regarded these perivascular accumulations of cells as evidence of a generalized disease process and as indicating that Felty's syndrome is not essentially different from classical rheumatoid arthritis.Freund et al. (1942) found characteristic pathological lesions in the peripheral nerves of 3 out of 5 cases of rheumatoid arthritis.The lesions were located in the perineurium, and in their most typical form presented 3 zones: (1) a central acellular zone composed of homogeneous coagulated material occasionally showing nuclear debris; (2) an intermediate zone of cells with large hypochromatic nuclei with more or less definite nucleoli; and (3) a peripheral outer zone containing numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells.The lesion was sharply differentiated from the surrounding tissue, and they regarded it as in some respects similar to the subcutaneous nodule of rheumatoid arthritis.Nerves examined included the femoral, tibial, sciatic, and axillary; and the concentration of lesions differed widely in different nerves and different parts of the same nerve.All were perineural except one nodule which was situated in the epineural fatty tissue.The authors regarded these lesions as specific for rheumatism, and they recalled the finding by Koeppen (1932) of perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations in the sciatic nerve in 2 out of 8 cases of active acute and subacute rheumatism.They suggested that the nerve lesions might be related to pain, paraesthesia, vasomotor, secretory, and trophic disorders in the disease.In following up the nerve lesions in the small nerve branches in muscle, the same authors, Freund et al. (1945), noted the presence of inflammatory lesions in the muscle itself, unassociated with nerve fibrils.There were compact accumulations of lymphocytes, plasma cells in small numbers, and occasional eosinophil and epithelioid cells.Few reticulin fibres were found in the lesions, but there was an increase of collagenous connective tissue in the endomysium and perimysium between the in- flammatory cells.The lesions varied in size from 20 lymphocytes to a nodule which, in a stained Case Summaries CASE 1A woman, aged 48, with typical rheumatoid arthritis, gave a history of 20 years' involvement of all joints except the spine, hips, and shoulders.The condition
Surgery of the Larynx
Authors: Gregory J. Matz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is an excellent book on laryngology with special emphasis on laryngeal surgery. Dr Byron Bailey and his coeditor, Dr Hugh Biller, have done a superb job of arranging and editing this multiauthored text. The bibliography is up-to-date, and the illustrations are generally good. The strength of this book is in its updating the serious student of laryngology on the various surgical techniques in benign and malignant disorders. I was especially pleased to see excellent chapters on developmental anatomy by John Tucker and physiology of the larynx by Clarence Sasaki. Cancer surgery and rehabilitation are well covered in ten excellent chapters, which more than adequately deal with indications, techniques, and complications of laryngeal cancer surgery. The controversial issues in reinnervation of the larynx are discussed ably by Harvey Tucker and Roger Crumely. As is common in a book of this type, certain omissions and weaknesses occur. A chapter on laser
Results of eVALuate study of hysterectomy techniques: Authors' reply
Authors: Ray Garry, Jeremy Hawe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteriaEditor-Last month the prime minister, Tony Blair, lent his weight to random drug testing in schools in an interview for a downmarket newspaper. 1He proposed a national programme be implemented soon, adhering to unspecified central directives.The Department of Health has 19 criteria for introducing new screening programmes. 2 At least 18 of these 19 criteria are not met for widespread, wide spectrum drug urine analysis in schools.The remaining criterion is that the condition is an important health problem.Drug use in young people is indeed associated with many health risks, 3 but a single, positive urine test, for any illicit drug, is probably not meaningful in a clinical sense.Each schoolchild's context of use (family history, social and emotional development) is crucial to interpreting any supposed "drug career."Use by a homeless pregnant teenage runaway from local authority care with a history of deliberate self harm and high risk sex work to pay for her drugs may be very different from a single experimental use at home with adults during a family party.Three failed criteria are especially pertinent to screening for school age drug use:(1) There should be an agreed policy on the further diagnostic investigation of people with a positive test result and on the choices available to them.(2) There should be an effective treatment or intervention for patients identified through early detection.(3) Clinical management of the condition and patient outcomes should be optimised by all healthcare providers before participation in a screening programme.In three years of experience of school health provision for alcohol and drug problems and their related referral networks I do not know of one school that could satisfy these criteria, especially the underpinning policy of promoting informed choice for children and families. 2
The Thematic Apperception Test as an Aid in Understanding the Psychodynamics of Development of Chronic Idiopathic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Tatjana Sivik, Ulrika Hösterey
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

41 chronically ill low-back pain patients (27 women, 14 men) with a long history of work disablement (median = 2 years and 8 months) were submitted to thematic apperception testing (TAT). The tape-recorded protocols were evaluated by 2 independent, experienced clinicians well acquainted with the TAT, as well as with psychoanalytic theory and technique. The 2 evaluators judged almost all the patients as depressive, alexithymic, passive and antiaggressive with clear tendencies to reaction formation towards underlying aggressivity. Many patients were further judged as guilt-ridden with an unresolved oedipal conflict, while others had a deep oral problem with suicidal tendencies. Two of the patients were judged by both evaluators as having psychotic or prepsychotic traits. Overall interrater reliability was very high, with a correlation for the different categories between 0.50 and 0.76 (median 0.72 and p value never below 0.005). Our results indicate that one of the main characteristics of low-back pain patients is the denial of aggression. Other main features of our patients were depressivity, passivity and oral or oedipal conflicts, alexithymia and lack of internal locus of control. Also we find the TAT as a very suitable test for achieving the understanding of the complexity of the problem of pain.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA: REPORT OF A CASE WITH UNUSUALLY LONG REMISSION
Authors: Will Howard Swan
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This case is reported because of the long period of remission, from fourteen to sixteen years.<sup>1</sup>The longest remission that I have found recorded was ten or eleven years, reported by Stockton.<sup>2</sup>His patient was without symptoms, except evidence of achylia gastrica, during that time. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A man, aged 57, whose mother died of anemia and a brother died of anemia (types not known) while the patient was under observation, entered Glockner Sanatorium, April 26, 1921. The patient was always nervous, and never had been strong. In July, 1903, he was weak, lost weight, and had nausea, with occasional vomiting and palpitation. In three months he was much better. In March, 1904, he was worse, and was seen, June 20 of that year, by Dr. Frank Billings, who made a diagnosis of pernicious anemia. In October, 1904, he was seen by Dr. Charles G. Jennings
French minister promises action to clean up asbestos
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A survey of public buildings containing asbestos is to be undertaken in France, and all those that may contain asbestos will be repaired, the new minister of health and health insurance has said.

Dr Elizabeth Hubert made the announcement on a television programme last week that denounced the government and doctors for not having given the public sufficient warning about the risks posed by asbestos contamination.

During the programme she said: “We are discovering a …
Progesterone Induces Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Expression in Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Rohit Sheshgiri, Vivek Rao, Laura C. Tumiati, Rong Xiao, Jessica L. Prodger, Mitesh Badiwala, Clifford Librach, Diego H. Delgado
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in heart transplant patients has been negatively associated with acute cellular rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. We assessed HLA-G expression in vascular human endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures to determine if future therapeutic agents can be targeted toward inducing HLA-G expression to protect against allograft rejection and vasculopathy.Human coronary artery endothelial, aortic endothelial, and coronary artery smooth muscle cell cultures were exposed to cytokines (interferon-gamma or interleukin-10), hypoxia/reoxygenation stress, immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine, sirolimus, or tacrolimus), or progesterone. HLA-G was not expressed by untreated, normoxic cells. Furthermore, maximal doses of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, cyclosporine, sirolimus, or tacrolimus, as well as exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation, failed to induce HLA-G expression. HLA-G, which has previously not been detected in adult vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry in human coronary artery endothelial, human coronary aortic endothelial, and human coronary artery smooth muscle cultures after incubation with progesterone in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001) with no change in cellular proliferation ability or viability. This effect was partially blocked in the presence of mifepristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist (human coronary artery endothelial: 48.8+/-15.6%; human coronary aortic endothelial: 59.5+/-9.5%; human coronary artery smooth muscle: 59.8+/-9.8% of control; P<0.05). Progesterone-induced HLA-G expression was not protective against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.HLA-G is not expressed at baseline in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells but can be induced by exposure to progesterone. Although tightly regulated, induction of HLA-G expression in these cells may represent a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to protect against rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation.
Smallpox Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Prospective Study
Authors: G. J. Bourke, R. J. Whitty
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis and oedema have been investigated to find the cause of the oedema. Specimens of oedema fluid from 18 of these have been analysed. The oedema is a low-protein oedema, and the protein level bears no relation to duration and no relation to the protein level of serum. There is no relation to inflammation of the joints of the feet and ankles, and no relation to nutritional, cardiac, or renal disease. Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis are not the cause of the oedema. The natural history of this phenomenon suggests that it is a venous oedema, and this is supported by the appearance of the skin of the feet and ankles, and by the oedema-fluid protein levels. The explanation given by Hollander is incorrect. Oedema of the feet and ankles should be regarded as a clinical feature of rheumatoid arthritis due to altered venous function.
Colophony (rosin) in newspapers may contribute to hand eczema
Authors: ANN-THERESE KARLBERG, CAROLA LIDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Colophony (rosin) in newspapers may contribute to hand eczema Get access ANN‐THERÉSE KARLBERG, ANN‐THERÉSE KARLBERG Department of Occupational Dermatology, Institute of Occupational Health, Solna and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Dr Ann‐Therése Karlberg, Department of Occupational Dermatology, Institute of Occupational Health, S‐171 84 Solna, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CAROLA LIDÉN CAROLA LIDÉN Department of Occupational Dermatology, Institute of Occupational Health, Solna and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 2, 1 February 1992, Pages 161–165, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07814.x Published: 01 February 1992
Medical audit data: counting is not enough.
Authors: S N Voss
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the 35 who had moved into it (excluding the six children who had moved away or had no records).Doctors who are enthusiastic immunisers in practices with a high turnover of children therefore have to work exceptionally hard, as immunised children who move away tend to be replaced by those who have not been immunised.Un- fortunately, not even enthusiasts can give preschool boosters to children who have not completed the primary course.The practice's overall uptake of the preschool booster was disappointing at 68%, well below that of the primary course, which then averaged 85% across the new contract's three immunisation groups.The uptake has since been improved to 77% and can no doubt be improved further.For many practices, however, a target of 90% seems even more unreasonable for the preschool booster than for the primary course.
Hydroxyprolinemia
Authors: Mary L. Efron, Emily M. Bixby, Charles V. Pryles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IN a previous communication1 an eleven-year-old mentally retarded patient was reported to have persistent marked elevation of the unbound (free) hydroxyproline concentration in plasma and urine. At the time of that report the cause of the metabolic abnormality had not been determined.Evidence is presented below that this patient has an abnormality in the degradation of L-hydroxyproline, resulting in the accumulation of free hydroxyproline in the plasma with overflow into the urine. The deficient enzyme appears to be that which mediates the oxidation of L-hydroxyproline to Δ1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid; this is the first step in L-hydroxyproline degradation.Clinical DescriptionThe . . .
Clinical trial of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and young adults
Authors: Debbie S. Gipson, Howard Trachtman, Frederick J. Kaskel, Tom H. Greene, Milena K. Radeva, Jennifer J. Gassman, Marva M. Moxey-Mims, Ronald J. Hogg, Sandra L. Watkins, Richard N. Fine, Susan L. Hogan, John P. Middleton, V. Matti Vehaskari, Patti A. Flynn, Leslie M. Powell, Suzanne M. Vento, June L. McMahan, Norman Siegel, Vivette D. D'Agati, Aaron L. Friedman
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Medicine + Industry = Occupational Health
Authors: J. F. McCahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THIS is a dynamic world. Within the span of a single lifetime the machine age has transformed this country from an essentially rural people to one of urban habitat. With this fundamental change, certain significant social and economic trends have resulted. Industrial medicine, as a special field of medical practice, affords organized medicine a direct opportunity to experience and study the conditions that are influencing these current unprecedented trends. That these changes may move in the right direction, it is imperative that all branches of medicine participate in their interpretation and guidance.The social and economic issues raised during the . . .
Invasive <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
Authors: Robert Orenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 October 1992Invasive Haemophilus influenzaeRobert Orenstein, DORobert Orenstein, DOSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-621 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: In their population-based study of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults, Farley and colleagues reported only one case of H. influenzae bacteremia due to serotype f-a pneumonia (1). Although uncommon, it causes invasive disease that is virtually indistinguishable from serotype b (2). We recently cared for a patient with recurrent H. influenzae serotype f, biotype 1 bacteremia due to an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm.A 58-year-old black farmer presented with a 5-day history of intermittent abdominal pain, anorexia, fever, chills, and constipation. He had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and IgG-kappa multiple myeloma...References1. FarleyStephenBrachmanHarveySmithWenger MDPCJJ. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:806-12. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SlaterGuarnacciaMakintubeeIstre LJSG. Bacteremic disease due to Haemophilus influenzae capsular type f in adults: report of five cases and review. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12:628-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CurrierZaleznik JD. Recurrent Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia in a 79-year-old woman. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11:477-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. SlaterGuarnacciaMakintubeeIstre LJSG. Bacteremic disease due to Haemophilus influenzae capsular type f in adults: report of five cases and review. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12:628-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WallaceMusherSeptimusMcGowanQuinonesWiss RDEJFK. Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults: characterization of strains by serotypes, biotypes, and β-lactamase production. J Infect Dis. 1981;144:101-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Turk D. Clinical importance of Haemophilus influenzae—1981. In: Sell SH, Wright PF; eds. Haemophilus influenzae, Epidemiology, Immunology and Prevention of Disease. New York: Elsevier; 1982:3-9. Google Scholar4. TakalaEskolaLeinonenKayhtyNissinenPekkanen AJMHAE. Reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children immunized with an Hib conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1991;164:982-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Virginia Hospitals Richmond, VA 23298-0049 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHaemophilus influenzae, le sérotype b et les autres 1 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 7Page: 621-622KeywordsAdultsBacteremiaConstipationDiabetes mellitusFeversHaemophilus influenzaeHypertensionMultiple myelomaPeripheral vascular diseasePneumonia Issue Published: 1 October 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...