tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge attitude and practice of shisha (water pipe) use in doctors
Authors: Ashok Kumar, Shaista Ghazal, Shafaq Ismail, Nusrat Idrees, Nadeem Rizvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background .Tobacco use in the form of shisha has adverse effects similar to cigarette smoking.   Objectives:  To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of doctors about shisha(water Pipe) use and its hazards as doctors serve as role model of a society and can play a very important role in educating public.   Methodology:  A self administered questionnaire was distributed to house physicians, postgraduate, medical officers and consultants in different teaching hospitals of Karachi.   Results:  343 doctors from different teaching hospitals of Karachi filled the questionnaire of which 170 were females. Approximately 29.5% doctors have used shisha some time in their life. Of total survey population 56.5% house officer, 73.9% postgraduates, 65.9% medical officers and 91.3% of consultants agreed that shisha contains tobacco (p value 0.001) and 58% house officers, 77% postgraduates 68.3% medical officers and 91.3% consultants believed that it is harmful to health(p value    Conclusions:  Our study indicates that there is lack of knowledge among doctors specially house officers regarding contents used in shisha and its hazardous effects on health. Steps should be taken to eduacate doctors especially juniors about different methods of tobacco use and its hazards.
Separation anxiety and school phobia: a comparison using DSM-III criteria
Authors: C G Last, G Francis, M Hersen, A E Kazdin, C C Strauss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Children who met DSM-III criteria for separation anxiety disorder (N = 48) or a phobic disorder of school (N = 19) were compared with respect to demographic characteristics, symptoms, associated psychiatric disorders, and maternal psychiatric illness. More children with separation anxiety disorder were female, prepubertal, and from families with lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Children with separation anxiety disorder were less likely to exhibit school refusal than children with school phobia. However, they were more likely to meet criteria for an additional DSM-III diagnosis. Finally, their mothers had a rate of affective disorders four times greater than that of mothers of children with school phobia.
Abstract 69: Evaluation Of Abdominal Blood Flow During Chest Compression In Cardiac Arrest Patients Using Enhanced Computed Tomography (CT)
Authors: Yasumasa Oode, Kentarou Shimizu, Asako Matsushima, Kentarou Kajino, Yuukou Nakagawa, Osamu Tasaki, Tadahiko Shiozaki, Hiroshi Ogura, Yasuyuki Kuwagata, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takeshi Shimazu, Hisashi Sugimoto
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The mechanism of blood flow during chest compression in cardiac arrest patients remains under investigation. We often experience that cardiac arrest patients suffer severe diarrhea after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), which would be attributable to intestinal ischaemia during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. However, few studies have been made to evaluate abdominal blood flow during chest compression in cardiac arrest patients. Patients and Methods: The study was made in four patients immediately after termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A 100ml bolus of 300 mgI/ml contrast medium was injected from a short femoral vein catheter, followed by continuous chest compression at a rate 100/min. In order to evaluate the distribution of contrast medium, CT images of the chest and abdomen were taken after 100 and/or 200 chest compressions, respectively. Results: CT scans showed similar enhance patterns in the patients. After 100 chest compressions, enhancement values were higher at inferior vena cava(IVC) regions compared to ascending aorta and main arteries. After 200 compressions, enhancement values of the arteries were increased by two to four times. However, significant enhancement of hepatic veins and limited enhancement of portal veins suggest impaired perfusion of the liver and the bowel. Conclusion: One hundred or 200 chest consecutive compressions are not sufficient to enhance abdominal organs including the liver and bowel. Figures: Typical MPR(Multiplanar reconstruction) images after 100compressions at two different coronal planes; hepatic vein and IVC(left), portal veins(right) are depicted.
Syphilis Outbreak Among American Indians --- Arizona, 2007–2009
Authors: M. Johnson, A. Urquidi, R. Lozano, J. Norton, C. Andrews, A. Lorentine, A. Fallon, P. Ziegler, D. Hobbs, G. Brown, K. Kenney, S. Tulloch, L. de Ravello, T. Peterman, M. Taylor
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2010)
LSC 2011 Abstract: Combined nasal exposure to sodium hypochlorite and ovalbumin induces airway hyperreactivity in mice through activation of the TRPA1 channel and mast cells
Authors: Valerie Hox, Jeroen Vanoirbeek, Ina Callebaut, Sonja Bobic, Vanessa De Vooght, Peter Hellings, Benoit Nemery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Some epidemiologic studies have indicated that attendance to chlorinated swimming pools is associated with bronchial hyperreactivity, allergies and asthma.   Aim:  To investigate the effects of NaClO, the main pool disinfectant, on allergic sensitization and airway responses in mice.   Methods:  Male BALB/c mice received 1 to 7 nasal instillations of ovalbumin (OVA, 1%) on alternate days 10 min after instillation of NaClO (3 ppm active chlorine) or water. 48h after 1, 3, 5 and 7 instillations, we measured airway reactivity to methacholine (Flexivent), cellular inflammation in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), lung cytokines, and serum OVA-specific IgE. Later, methacholine reactivity 48 h after a single combined NaClO-OVA exposure was assessed in mice pretreated with the neurokinin1 receptor antagonist RP67580, in knock-out mice deficient in the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel A1 (TRPA1 -/- ) or V1 (TRPV1 -/- ) and in mast cell deficient mice ( Kit W-sh /Kit W-sh  ).   Results:  Combined nasal NaClO-OVA exposure induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine in the absence of airway inflammation and OVA specific IgEs. AHR was already induced after a single combined exposure to NaClO-OVA and it was not observed after either OVA or NaClO alone. The AHR response was reduced after pretreatment with RP67580. NaClO-OVA induced AHR in TRPV1 -/-  mice, but not in TRPA1 -/-  mice and mast cell deficient mice.   Conclusion:  Combined nasal NaClO-OVA exposure induces AHR in the absence of allergic inflammation. This effect appears to involve TRPA1, mast cells and release of substance P, suggesting a neuro-immune interaction.
Impact of exercise protocol intensity on the oxygen uptake efficiency slope
Authors: Blagoi Marinov, Stoilka Mandadzhieva, Peter Dimov, Stefan Kostianev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background :Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was proposed by Baba et al. (JAAC, 1996, 28; 1567-72) and presumed not to require maximal effort. It is not clear though whether exercise intensity influences oxygen uptake efficiency.   The aim  of this study is to investigate whether exercise protocol intensity affects the oxygen uptake efficiency.   Material and methods : Sixty healthy children aged 13.3±0.8 (mean±SD) were included in the study. They were equally distributed into three groups performing protocols with different intensity – Bruce, Balke and modified Balke (Marinov et al. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg. 2003;27:47-51). The three groups were comparable regarding age, height, weight.   Results : In the whole group OUES showed strong correlation with VO 2  peak (r=0.776); anaerobic threshold (r=0.789) and moderate correlation with the anthropometric parameters (height – r=0.581; weight – r=0.633) p -1 .kg -1 ]; p -1 .logL -1 ] for the three protocols, respectively, which did not differ significantly (p=0.122). Rating of perceived exertion reproduces objectively measured exercise intensity (5.6±1.4 vs 4.5±1.7 vs 5.5±1.1; p   Conclusion : OUES can reliably evaluate functional capacity in children, independent of exercise intensity.
Validation of multiple-breath washout equipment for infants and preschool children
Authors: Anne Schmidt, Sophie Yammine, Elena Proietti, Urs Frey, Florian Singer, Thomas Riedel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction Verification of accuracy is required for multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) equipment according to the new ERS/ATS Consensus Report.

Aims To evaluate accuracy of two commercially available MBW setups in vitro using a new lung model, and to compare functional residual capacity (FRC) measured by MBW and plethysmography in vivo .

Methods Two MBW setups, one for infants using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and one for preschool children using helium, were evaluated in vitro in quasi-physiologic conditions with and without added carbon dioxide (CO2). FRC was measured repeatedly for specific model settings, and corrected for additional CO2 volume where appropriate. Difference of measured to model FRC and coefficient of variation (CV) per FRC were calculated for both in vitro setups. For in vivo evaluation, FRC values from helium MBW (FRCMBW) were compared to those from plethysmography (FRCpleth) in 20 healthy preschool children.

Results In the infant model (51 runs, FRC 80 – 300 mL), mean (SD) relative difference was 1 % (5 %), mean CV was 4.9 % for measured FRCs. In the preschool model (50 runs), relative difference was up to 13 % in the lowest FRC setting (400 mL). For the remaining five specific FRCs (600 – 1400 mL), mean (SD) relative difference was – 2 % (3 %); mean CV was 1.6 % for measured FRCs. In vivo , FRCpleth exceeded FRCMBW with a mean relative difference of 38 % (1081 mL vs. 676 mL).

Conclusion Both setups are appropriate for MBW in the respective FRC range (80 – 300 mL and 600 – 1400 mL). The surprisingly high difference of FRCMBW and FRCpleth in vivo remains unclear, but may be explained to some extent by physiological variability and differences in measurement technique.
The FcγRIa (CD64) Ligand Binding Chain Triggers Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Presentation Independently of Its Associated FcR γ-Chain
Authors: Martine J. van Vugt, Monique J. Kleijmeer, Tibor Keler, Ingrid Zeelenberg, Marc A. van Dijk, Jeanette H.W. Leusen, Hans J. Geuze, Jan G.J. van de Winkel
Journal: Blood (1999)
STOP-BANG score as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in the general population
Authors: Raphael Heinzer, Daniela Andries, Francois Bastardot, Nadia Tobback, Peter Vollenweider, Mehdi Tafti, José Haba-Rubio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: STOP-BANG (Snoring, Tiredness during daytime, Observed apnea, High blood Pressure, Body mass index >35, Age >50, Neck circ >40 cm, Gender) score has been shown to be a useful tool to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during preoperative evaluation. The aim of our study is to evaluate the performance of this score for detecting OSA in a large sample of middle-aged general population.

Methods: 458 subjects (47.7% women, 50.6±7.5 years old, BMI 25.2±4.9 kg/m2) participating in an ongoing population-based cohort study (HypnoLaus, Lausanne, Switzerland) underwent a complete polysomnography at home. Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was scored acording to AASM 2007 criteria. A STOP-BANG score of 3 or more out of a possible 8 was considered suggestive of OSA.

Results: Mean AHI was 6.04±10.3/h. Prevalence of OSA defined as an AHI >5/h, 15/h and 30/h was 33.0%, 9.39% and 3.49%, respectively in our population. Mean STOP-BANG score was 2.16±1.37. 34.9% of the subjects had a score ≥3. To detect OSA with AHI thresholds of 5/h, 15/h and 30/h, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were respectively 55.6%, 75.2%, 52.5% and 77.5% for an AHI >5/h; 76.7%, 69.4%, 20.6% and 96.6% for an AHI>15; 93.8%, 67.2%, 9.4% and 99.7% for an AHI>30/h. The area under the ROC curve for whole STOP-BANG score was 0.7 for an AHI> 5/h, 0.775 for an AHI>15/h and 0.871 for an AHI >30/h.

Conclusion: STOP-BANG score appears to be a useful clinical tool to rule out severe OSA (AHI>30/h) in a selected population, with a high negative predictive value. However, it is not an adequate screening tool for OSA in the general population due to its poor sensitivity.
Triple-negative early-stage breast cancer in African American women: A fuel to the fire
Authors: A. M. Khan, I. Sabnani, P. Tsang, D. A. Baran, E. Rogers-Phillips, A. J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11039 Background: Previous studies have described triple negative (TN) breast cancer (ER/PR/ HER2/neu negative) as an aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype with higher relapse rate (RR) and shorter survival. The incidence of TN breast cancer has reportedly been higher (30–35%) in African American (AA) women compared to the general population (15%) but the patterns of RR have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and impact of triple negative status in AA women with breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed tumor registry data from a large academic medical center serving an inner city population. A total of 282 AA women with invasive breast cancer were identified from 1994–2006. Characteristics evaluated include patient (pt) age, TNM disease stage at diagnosis, ER, PR, Her2/neu, tumor grade, and sites of relapse. RR, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined for TN vs. non-triple negative (NTN) pts. Results: The prevalence of TN disease in AA women was 30% (82/282). Median age (57 yrs) was the same in both TN and NTN group. A higher proportion of pts presented with later stage disease (III/IV) in the TN vs. the NTN group (32% vs. 20%, p<0.01). With a median follow-up of 5.5 years, the RR was significantly higher in the TN vs. NTN group for stages I and II (p<0.05) but not for stage III (see table). Compared to the NTN group, TN pts demonstrated a higher overall RR, lower DFS and OS in the earlier stages (see table). Conclusion: This study represents one of the largest reported series of AA women with breast cancer. The incidence of TN breast cancer is higher in AA women with a higher frequency of advanced stage of disease. TN status emerged as a strong adverse prognostic factor especially in the early stages (I/II) of disease with higher overall RR and lower survival. Alternative forms of treatment for early stage TN breast cancer should be explored in this high risk category of breast cancer in AA women. Stage Specific Patterns of Relapse and Survival in TN vs. NTN Groups Stage Triple- Negative Non-Triple Negative P-Value Relapse Rate (RR) I 6/24 (25%) 10/97 (10%) 0.04 II 10/32 (31%) 8/63 (13%) 0.02 III 5/14 (36%) 6/17 (35%) NS DFS I 4.7 yrs 8.7 yrs 0.04 II 3.5 yrs 7.8 yrs NS III 2.4 yrs 1.3 yrs NS OS I 4.7 yrs 8.4 yrs NS II 2.8 yrs 7 yrs 0.01 ns=not significant No significant financial relationships to disclose.
FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (bev) versus FOLFIRI plus bev as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): Results of the phase III randomized TRIBE trial.
Authors: Fotios Loupakis, Chiara Cremolini, Gianluca Masi, Sara Lonardi, Vittorina Zagonel, Patrizia Trenta, Gianluca Tomasello, Monica Ronzoni, Libero Ciuffreda, Alberto Zaniboni, Giuseppe Tonini, Angela Buonadonna, Chiara Valsuani, Silvana Chiara, Chiara Carlomagno, Corrado Boni, Lorenzo Marcucci, Luca Boni, Alfredo Falcone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

336 Background: First-line FOLFOXIRI demonstrated superior activity and efficacy compared to FOLFIRI. Moreover, the outcome is improved by the addition of bev to first-line doublets. A phase II study of FOLFOXIRI/bev showed promising activity and manageable toxicities. The present trial compared FOLFOXIRI/bev to FOLFIRI/bev as first-line treatment in unresectable mCRC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included: measurable and unresectable mCRC, age 18-75 years, no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Patients (pts) were randomized to either FOLFIRI/bev (bev 5 mg/kg, irinotecan 180 mg/sqm, l-LV 200 mg/sqm, 5FU bolus 400 mg/sqm, 5FU infusion 2400 mg/sqm over 48h q2w, arm A) or FOLFOXIRI/bev (bev 5 mg/kg, irinotecan 165 mg/sqm, oxaliplatin 85 mg/sqm, l-LV 200 mg/sqm, 5FU infusion 3200 mg/sqm over 48h q2w, arm B). Treatment was planned for a maximum of 12 cycles followed by maintenance with bev and 5FU until progression. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Between July 2008 and May 2011, 508 pts were randomized among 35 italian centers. Pts characteristics were (arm A/arm B): median age 60/61 yrs, ECOG PS 1-2 11%/10%, synchronous metastases 81%/79% multiple sites of disease 74%/70%. At a median follow-up of 20.9 months 391 pts have progressed. The study met its primary endpoint: FOLFOXIRI/bev significantly increased PFS (median 9.5 vs 11.9 months, HR 0.72 [95%CI:0.59-0.87], p=0.001). Response rate was also significantly increased (53% vs 64%, p=0.015). Main per patient toxicities were (arm A/arm B): grade 3-4 diarrhea 10%/18%, grade 3-4 vomiting 3%/4%, grade 3-4 stomatitis 4%/8%, grade 3-4 peripheral neurotoxicity 0%/5%, grade 3-4 neutropenia 20%/49%, febrile neutropenia 6%/8%, hypertension 2%/4%, thromboembolic events 7%/7%, bleeding 1%/1%. Deaths within 60 days were 3% and 4%. Conclusions: FOLFOXIRI/bev significantly increases PFS and response rate compared to FOLFIRI/bev. Chemotherapy- and bev-related toxicities occur with the expected incidence. Clinical trial information: NCT00719797.
Comparison of diagnostic value of patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire for preliminary diagnosing of depression in COPD patients (pts)
Authors: Yuliia Huba, Lyudmyla Konopkina, Tetyana Pertseva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It's known that COPD is often combined with depression, but diagnostic methods of depression in COPD pts are very little known.

Aim: to compare diagnostic value of PHQ-9 and BDI questionnaires preliminary diagnosing of depression in COPD pts.

Materials and methods: we studied 24 COPD pts II-IV st. (age – 62,7±1,5 yrs, males – 21 (87,5%)). Measurements included clinical status, spirometry. Two questionnaires were used to reveal depression for all pts. Evaluation criteria for PHQ-9: <10 scores (sc.) – minimal depressive manifestations; 10-14 sc. – mild; 15-19 sc. – moderate; ≥20 sc. – severe depression. Evaluation criteria for BDI: <10 sc. – absence of depression; 10-25 sc. – mild; ≥25 sc. – severe depression.

Results: 9 (37,5%) pts had depression (14,3±0,94 sc.) due to PHQ-9, but only 3 (12,5%) pts had the same (13,0±1,15 sc.) due to BDI (p=0,045). 6 (25%) pts who didn't have depression due to BDI questionnaire, also didn't have depression due to in-depth survey of the psychiatrist. In addition, 2 pts who had depression due to BDI questionnaire, also had depression due to PHQ-9, but 1 pts who had depression due to BDI didn't have depression due to PHQ-9. Different criteria for evaluation of symptoms in both questionnaires may be the cause of different results: PHQ-9 is focused on the duration of symptoms, but the BDI – on the severity of symptoms.

Conclusion: diagnostic value PHQ-9 and BDI is different in identifying depression in COPD pts. Revealing of depression due to PHQ-9 questionnaire necessarily requires in-depth survey of a psychiatrist.
Abstract 14249: Profiling and Discovery of microRNAs Expressed in Hypoxic Endothelial Cells by Massively Parallel Sequencing
Authors: Christine Voellenkle, Jeroen van Rooij, Alessandro Guffanti, Elena Brini, Pasquale Fasanaro, Laurence Croft, Matei David, Maurizio C Capogrossi, Anna Moles, Armando Felsani, Fabio Martelli
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  MicroRNA profiling, annotation and discovery through massively parallel (deep) sequencing is a very active field in modern functional genomics. However, few examples exist of its application in the cardiovascular arena. Here we describe the high throughput comprehensive analysis of the microRNAs expressed by endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia.   Methods and Results:  Total RNA was extracted from Human Umbelical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) exposed to 1% O2 or normoxia for 24 hrs. Then, RNA was size fractionated and 4 small RNA libraries were prepared and amplified by emulsion PCR. Sequencing-by-ligation was performed using the ABI SOLiD platform, followed by bioinformatic analysis by a customized pipeline using the SHRiMP software. More than 20 millions of mappable reads were obtained for each library. Alignment versus miRBase identified >600 different microRNAs expressed in HUVEC, with reads for each RNA species ranging from 1 to hundreds of thousands. Indeed, the 2 top-abundance transcripts (miR-21 and -126) comprised 40% of total HUVEC microRNAs. Comparison of HUVEC miRNA profiles by qPCR and microarray revealed the superior dynamic range and enhanced specificity of RNA sequencing. Hypoxia/normoxia comparison, followed by qPCR validation (n=5), allowed the identification of 1 down-modulated (miR-7) and 3 up-regulated (miR-150, -210 and -720) previously known microRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis identified 20 not previously described microRNA-star sequences and 994 novel microRNA candidates. After a careful ranking based on read abundance, number and position of genomic mappings, position of the sequence in the stem of the predicted hairpin and confirmation with a second genomic mapping software (ABI Bioscope rmapper), we identified 16 high-confidence new microRNAs.   Conclusions:  Massively parallel smallRNA sequencing accurately profiled known and novel microRNAs expressed by endothelial cells in the presence or absence of hypoxia.
Abstract 381: Cardioprotection By Yeast Complex I Homolog, Internal Rotenone-insensitive NADH-Q Oxidoreductase (ndi1), In Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Cynthia N Perry-Garza, Wayne Liu, Roberta A Gottlieb
Journal: Circulation (2008)

One critical complication of ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction leading to energetic deficits and severe cellular toxicity from reactive oxygen species (ROS)....