tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of skin lesions and need for treatment in a cohort of 90 880 workers
Authors: M. Augustin, K. Herberger, S. Hintzen, H. Heigel, N. Franzke, I. Schäfer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Healthcare planning requires robust data on the prevalence and need for care of dermatological diseases. To date, no systematic data in population-based samples are available for Germany.Determination of the prevalence of skin lesions and of the need for care based on dermatological examinations in working adults in Germany.From 2004 to 2009, workers aged between 16 and 70years from different branches of industry throughout Germany underwent a single dermatological whole-body examination on the occasion of company screening for skin cancer. The data were recorded electronically and evaluated descriptively. In addition to the clinical findings, case history data on previous skin diseases were documented and the need for further clarification or treatment was determined on the basis of the dermatologist's assessment.Data from n=90 880 persons from a total of 312 companies were evaluated. Of the pigmented skin lesions, dermal naevi were found in 25·1% of the cohort, and 16·7% displayed more than 40 each. The most frequent inflammatory skin diseases were acne vulgaris (3·9%), psoriasis (2·0%), rosacea (2·3%) and atopic eczema (1·3%). Examination of the case histories showed that the most frequent condition was allergic sensitizations (41·1%); of these, pollen accounted for the biggest group (21·4%), followed by contact allergens (8·0%). In total, 26·8% of the cohort exhibited a dermatological finding in need of treatment or further clarification.Dermatological lesions and diseases requiring clarification are frequent and indicate a high demand for treatment in the adult population.
Abstract MP36: Associations of Chronic Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Stressors with Incident Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Kiarri N Kershaw, Ana V Diez Roux, Alain Bertoni, Mercedes R Carnethon, Susan A Everson-Rose, Kiang Liu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Several individual-level measures of stress have been linked to incident CHD in prospective studies, but less attention has focused on the influence of neighborhood-level stressors. We assessed prospective associations of individual- and neighborhood-level stressors with incident CHD. Methods: MESA participants were aged 45-84 years at baseline (2000-2002). Analyses were conducted separately for those with complete data on individual- (n=6678) and neighborhood-level stressors (n=6105). Missing values on covariates were imputed with multiple imputation. Baseline individual-level sources of stress were assessed using the chronic burden scale, a measure of the presence and perceived stressfulness of ongoing health, job, relationship, and financial problems lasting over 6 months. Survey-based neighborhood safety (3 items) and neighborhood social cohesion (5 items) were examined as neighborhood-level sources of chronic stress. Each participant’s neighborhood safety and neighborhood social cohesion scores were constructed using Empirical Bayes estimation techniques that incorporated the responses of other MESA participants and a sample of non-participants living within a mile of that participant. Scores for each individual- and neighborhood-level stress measures were categorized into approximate tertiles (low, medium, and high) for analyses. CHD was defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or CHD death. Median follow-up time was 8.5 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations of high chronic burden, low neighborhood cohesion, and low neighborhood safety with incident CHD after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics as well as behavioral and biological risk factors. Results: Participants in the high chronic burden category had 55% higher risk of incident CHD (hazard ratio (HR): 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 2.15) than those in the low category after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, income, marital status and field center. Findings attenuated slightly but remained significant with further adjustment for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, physical activity, current smoking, and current alcohol use (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.00). Neither low (vs. high) neighborhood cohesion (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.74, 2.06) nor low (vs. high) neighborhood safety (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.84) was associated with CHD in sociodemographic-adjusted models. Conclusions: Individual-level sources of stress were more strongly associated with incident CHD than neighborhood-level stressors.
α-Linolenic Acid and Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alessandra Tavani, Silvano Gallus, Carlo La Vecchia
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Baylin et al 1 found an inverse relation between ␣-linolenic acid in adipose tissue and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI).This relation is controversial mainly for nonfatal AMI, 2-4 given that ␣-linolenic acid may be largely antiarrhythmic, but this issue has not been adequately studied in European populations.In America and northern Europe, the major dietary sources of ␣-linolenic acid are rapeseed and canola oils.In Italy, these oils are scarcely consumed, and major dietary sources of ␣-linolenic acid include olive and mixed-seed oils, butter, cheese, and rabbit meat.Thus, although average intake of ␣-linolenic acid in Italy is comparatively high, data in this population with different dietary sources would be interesting.We analyzed the relation between ␣-linolenic acid and nonfatal AMI in a case-control study conducted between 1995 and 1999 in Milan, Italy. 5Cases consisted of 507 patients in hospital with a first episode of nonfatal AMI and 478 control patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute conditions unrelated to AMI risk factors (34% traumas, 30% nontraumatic orthopedic disorders, 14% surgical conditions, and 22% miscellaneous other diseases).Interviews, which were conducted in the hospital using a structured questionnaire, included information on sociodemographic factors, anthropometric variables, tobacco, alcohol, other lifestyle habits, medical history, physical activity, and family history of AMI.Information on diet was based on a validated food frequency section, including intake frequency and portion size of 78 foods and additional questions on the type and amount of fats for seasoning and cooking; the intake of ␣-linolenic acid was computed using an Italian food composition database. 5 The odds ratios (OR) were derived using unconditional multiple logistic regression, including terms for age, sex, and selected AMI confounding factors. 5 Compared with the lowest quintile of intake (Ͻ1.03 g/day) the age-and sex-adjusted OR for the subsequent quintiles of ␣-linolenic acid were 0.70, 0.69, 0.83, and 0.93, and the multivariate OR were 0.71, 0.70, 0.86, and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.55 to 1.92); the upper cut points for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles were 1.24, 1.49, and 1.89 (g/day), respectively.In our study, the food frequency questionnaire was satisfactorily valid and reproducible, 5 cases and controls were interviewed in the same hospitals and came from the same geographical area, participation was Ͼ95%, and a different recall of major sources of ␣-linolenic acid intake on the basis of the disease status is unlikely.Thus, these data do not support a relation between ␣-linolenic acid intake and risk of nonfatal AMI in this Italian population.
Management of childhood illness in Africa
Authors: D. Oluwole
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This article reports the positive evaluation results of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for the last 3 years of operation in 28 countries in Africa. The strategy aimed to improve case management skills of health workers through training with locally adapted guidelines such as the use of clinical algorithms to detect the most common causes of childhood illnesses. In addition, the strategy was designed to improve the health system of the region, including the provision of essential drugs. A final component of the program seeks to optimize family and community practices in relation to child health, particularly care seeking behavior. Overall, the benefits include more rational drug use, increased attendance, improved provider morale, and improved perceptions of quality of care by mothers. Although its initial effects are rather small, it should be recognized that the proper implementation of IMCI should contribute to a steady reduction in childhood mortality in Africa.
Care of War Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Barbara Sigford, David X Cifu, Rodney Vanderploeg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

n engl j med 361;5 nejm.org july 30, 2009 536 ene receptor antagonists during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:618-25. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Asth2. ma and Pregnancy Working Group. NAEPP Expert Panel report: managing asthma during pregnancy: recommendations for pharmacologic treatment — 2004 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:34-46. [Erratum, J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115: 477.]
Hydroa vacciniforme present for 48 years with cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell infiltration and Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: J-L. Xie, G-Y. Chen, Y. Jin, X-D. Zheng, X-J. Wei, Y-Y. Zheng, S-H. Zhang, Y-N. Zhang, X-J. Zhang, X-G. Zhou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Hydroa vacciniforme present for 48 years with cytotoxic CD4+ T‐cell infiltration and Epstein–Barr virus infection Get access J‐L. Xie, J‐L. Xie Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G‐Y. Chen, G‐Y. Chen Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Jin, Y. Jin Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X‐D. Zheng, X‐D. Zheng Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X‐J. Wei, X‐J. Wei Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐Y. Zheng, Y‐Y. Zheng Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐H. Zhang, S‐H. Zhang Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐N. Zhang, Y‐N. Zhang Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X‐J. Zhang, X‐J. Zhang Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X‐G. Zhou X‐G. Zhou Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Xiao‐Ge Zhou. E‐mail: zhouxiaoge59@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 2, 1 February 2012, Pages 449–451, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10556.x Published: 01 February 2012
Abstract 1: Statewide Implementation of a Standardized Prearrival Telephone CPR Program Is Associated with Increased Bystander CPR and Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bentley Bobrow, Micah Panczyk, Uwe Stolz, Mike Sotelo, Tyler Vadeboncoeur, John Sutter, Blake Langlais, Daniel Spaite
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Bystander CPR (BCPR) increases survival from OHCA yet is provided in a minority of cases. The AHA has promulgated guidelines on the provision of pre-arrival Telephone CPR (TCPR) instructions and measurement to increase the proportion of BCPR; however, the impact of those guidelines on survival is unknown. Objective: To describe the impact of a comprehensive bundle of 9-1-1 TCPR protocol, training, data collection, and feedback on BCPR and survival from OHCA across the state of Arizona. Methods: 9-1-1 audio recordings of confirmed OHCAs and suspected OHCAs (10/2010-6/2013) in 7 large 9-1-1 centers were reviewed using a standardized time-stamp methodology linked with EMS and hospital process and outcome data. There were 2343 pre-implementation cases (P1) and 2291 cases post-implementation of a bundle of care (P2) that included staff training and guideline-based protocol changes, data collection and feedback to providers. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to assess outcomes between P1 and P2. Results: There were 2532 OHCAs [1232 P1, 1300 P2; 64% male, median age 62 (IQR: 47-74)]. 83% of cases were identified in P1 compared with 89% in P2 (p&lt;0.001). The rate of telephone-assisted BCPR went from 44% in P1 to 62% in P2 (p&lt;0.001). Time to beginning TCPR instructions decreased from a median of 144 sec (P1) to 126 in P2 (p&lt;0.001). Time to first chest compression also decreased (P1: 178; P2: 155; p&lt;0.001). Outcome data are currently available for 64% of confirmed OHCAs (1630 patient outcomes with 1619 neuro outcomes). Survival was significantly higher in P2 (11.2%) compared to P1 (7.9%; p=0.023), as was good neuro outcome (CPC-1 or 2: 7.7% P2 vs. 4.8% P1 p=0.018). After adjusting for witnessed arrest, shockable rhythms, age, and sex, both survival and good neuro outcome were still significantly higher in P2 vs. P1 [adjusted odds ratios: survival = 1.5 (95% 1.1-2.1); good neuro outcome = 1.7 (95% 1.1-2.6)]. Conclusion: The implementation of a comprehensive statewide TCPR bundle was associated with significant improvements in the rates of telephone-assisted BCPR, survival and good neurologic outcome after OHCA.
Abstract 12624: Blockade of Exosome Secretion Attenuates Inflammatory Cytokines, Mitigates Cardiac Dysfunction, and Reduces Mortality in Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Xiaohong Wang, Dongze Qin, Kobina Essandoh, Wei Huang, Liwang Yang, Haitao Gu, Ronald W Millard, Yigang Wang, Guo-Chang Fan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Exosomes, a group of nano-vesicles secreted from living cells, are documented to increase in the circulation and are believed to promote cardiac dysfunction in sepsis patients and animal models. However, whether inhibition of exosome release could exert a cardio-protective effect in polymicrobial sepsis remains unexplored. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice (male, 8-week old) were pre-treated with GW4869 (dissolved in DMSO, injection i.p. at a dose of 2.5μg/g body weight), a known inhibitor of exosome secretion. Same volume of DMSO was used as controls. One hour later, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery was performed to induce polymicrobial sepsis. We found that the concentration of serum exosomes, measured by membrane markers CD63 and CD81with detection ELISA kits, was increased by 3.5-fold in DMSO-CLP mice, but no increase was detected in GW4869-CLP mice or in sham operated mice (n=4-6, p&lt;0.01). Myocardial contractile function, assessed at 12h post-CLP using a SONOS-7500 echocardiography system, revealed that pre-injection of GW4869 significantly attenuated CLP-associated cardiac dysfunction, evidenced by an improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and minor axis fractional shortening (LVFS), compared to DMSO controls (n=8-10, p&lt;0.01). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a marker of myocardial inflammation, measured with a [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#64258;]]uorometric assay kit, also showed a significant reduction in GW4869-pre-treated mice, compared to DMSO-controls (n=5, p&lt;0.01). Similarly, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β triggered by CLP were reduced by 72% and 61%, respectively in GW4869-treated mice, compared with controls (n=6). Furthermore, we observed that 67% (n=9) of the DMSO controls, but only 20% in GW4869-treated mice (n=10) had died by 48h post-CLP. In vitro study confirmed that GW4869 limited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells (a mouse macrophage cell line) challenged with endotoxin (LPS, 1μg/ml, 24 h). Conclusions: Together, this study indicates that blockade of exosome secretion could attenuate the inflammatory cytokine response as well as the consequent cardiac dysfunction and mortality in polymicrobial sepsis. Thus, our study may provide a new approach to the treatment of sepsis.
Abstract 14674: S100/calgranulins Mediate Inflammation in Brown Adipose Tissue Leading to Impaired Adaptive Thermogenesis and Obesity in hBAC-S100 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Ling Yan, Honggang Ye, Bijoy Chellan, Pat Ongusaha, Judy Earley, Marion A Hofmann Bowman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Serum levels of human S100/calgranulins are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes or coronary artery disease. To test whether S100/calgranulins mediate cardio-metabolic diseases, newly generated mice with expression of human DNA containing genes and regulatory elements for S100A8/9 and S100A12 were studied (hBAC-S100 mice). hBAC-S100 mice were crossed with mice lacking RAGE, a signal-transducing receptor for S100/calgranulins.   Results:  hBAC-S100 mice developed increased visceral adiposity after 12 months on regular chow diet (25% vs. 12% body fat upon DEXA scanning, p   Conclusion:  Myeloid-derived human S100/calgranulin promotes M1-skewed inflammation of BAT in a RAGE-dependent manner, and this is associated with disturbed body temperature regulation in response to cold stress, and with the development of adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
Serum neurotensin (NT) is increased in psoriasis and NT induces vascular endothelial growth factor release from human mast cells
Authors: M. Vasiadi, A. Therianou, K.D. Alysandratos, A. Katsarou-Katsari, T. Petrakopoulou, A. Theoharides, E. Papadavid, N. Stavrianeas, C. Antoniou, D. Kalogeromitros, T.C. Theoharides
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Summary Background Psoriasis involves skin inflammation that often worsens with stress, but the mechanism of this effect remains obscure. We have shown that corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) is increased in the serum of patients with psoriasis. A peptide, neurotensin (NT), can trigger skin histamine release and augment the ability of CRH to increase skin vascular permeability. Objectives To investigate the serum level of NT, and the expression of genes for NT and NT receptor‐1 (NTR‐1) in lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with psoriasis, compared with normal controls. Also, to study the effect of NT on human mast cell release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is increased in psoriatic skin. Methods Serum was obtained from patients with psoriasis (n = 56) and controls (n = 33); NT levels were measured with the Milliplex microbead assay. Biopsies were obtained from the lesional and nonlesional skin of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n = 40), who had not received any treatment for at least 15 days and were free of any systemic inflammatory diseases. Control skin samples were obtained from healthy subjects (n = 30). Expression of genes for NT and NTR‐1 in the skin was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. LAD2 human mast cells were stimulated by NT (1 μmol L−1) for 24 h and VEGF was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum NT was increased in patients with psoriasis, while expression of genes for NT and NTR‐1 in lesional skin was decreased compared with controls. NT induced VEGF release from mast cells and was augmented by interleukin‐33. Conclusion NT may play a role in psoriasis pathogenesis and its worsening by stress, at least in part through activation of skin mast cells.
Handbuch der pathogenen Mikroorganismen.
Authors: Wilhelm Kolle, August von Wassermann
Journal: JAMA (1931)

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Japon melanoma hastaları ve kontrol olgularındaki edinsel melanositik nevüs sayısı: nevüs sayısı, akral yerleşimli olmayan melanomada anlamlı bir risk faktörü iken akral melanoma için anlamlı değildir
Authors: Shiho Rokuhara, Toshiaki Saida, Misae Oguchi, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Sumio Murase, veShinji Oguchi, Matsumoto ve Usuda, Japonya
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)