tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy for localized esophageal carcinoma.
Authors: B A Bates, F C Detterbeck, S A Bernard, B F Qaqish, J E Tepper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE A prospective study was performed to determine the outcome of patients with esophageal cancer who received preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy, and to determine the role of preresection esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in predicting the patients in whom surgery could possibly be omitted, and the impact of surgery on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus received concurrent external-beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy. Patients received 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Chemotherapy consisted of continuous infusion fluorouracil (5-FU; 1,000 mg/m2/d) on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32 and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on day 1. Patients underwent an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy 18 to 33 days after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS Eighty percent of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 20% had adenocarcinoma. In addition, 51% had a pathologic complete response (CR). Twenty-two of the 35 underwent a preresection EGD before resection. Seventeen of the 22 (77%) had negative pathology from the preresection EGD, but seven of the 17 (41%) had residual tumor at surgery. The median survival and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 25.8 months and 32.8 months, respectively. Eighteen patients (51%) had no tumor at resection. The median survival for these patients was 36.8 months; the median disease-free survival time has not been reached. The median survival and disease-free survival rate for the patients with residual tumor in the surgical specimen were 12.9 months and 10.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Preresection EGD is not reliable for determining the presence of residual disease or the patients in whom surgery could be omitted. Twenty-five percent of the patients with residual tumor in the resected surgical specimen were long-term survivors; this suggests a benefit from esophagectomy after concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Blood pressure variability is associated with increased risk of heart disease and death, study finds:
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Greater variability in blood pressure between clinic measurements is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death, a retrospective analysis of a large US prospective cohort study has found.

The study, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine ,1 followed up 25 814 people with hypertension but no cardiovascular disease events during the first 28 months of the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).

Researchers analysed variability in systolic blood pressure using the …
Clinical assessments of high frequency oscillatory ventilation
Authors: Thomas Stern
Journal: Thorax (2007)

▴ Mentzelopoulos S, Roussos C, Koutsoukou A, et al . Acute effects of combined high frequency oscillation and tracheal gas insufflation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med2007;35:1500–08.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]





▴ Hager D, Fessler H, Kaczka D, et al . Tidal volume delivery during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med2007;35:1522–29.

[OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][PubMed][6][Web of Science][7]



The first study compares the effect of three modes of ventilation on cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic variables in 14 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The modes of ventilation were:





The initial mode was CMV. Patients were placed on both HFO and HFO–TGI for 2 hour intervals and measurements were …

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Effect of Bariatric Surgery vs Medical Treatment on Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Body Mass Index Lower Than 35
Authors: Chih-Cheng Hsu, Abdullah Almulaifi, Jung-Chien Chen, Kong-Han Ser, Shu-Chun Chen, Kai-Ci Hsu, Yi-Chih Lee, Wei-Jei Lee
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

It has been well recognized that metabolic surgery has short-term benefits for mildly obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but how long these effects can be sustained is uncertain.OBJECTIVE To compare the 5-year efficacy between gastrointestinal metabolic surgery and medical treatment on glycemic control and diabetes remission in patients with T2DM and body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) lower than 35. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis retrospective cohort study compares long-term outcomes for mildly obese patients with T2DM receiving metabolic surgery (n = 52) vs medical treatment (n = 299).The surgical group, enrolled from August 20, 2007, to June 25, 2008, and followed up through December 31, 2013, received standard sleeve gastrectomy (n = 19) or bypass (n = 33) procedures in a regional hospital.The medical group, selected from a nationwide community cohort that was recruited from August 27, 2003, to December 31, 2005, and followed up through December 31, 2012, was matched with the surgical group by age, BMI, and diabetes duration.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) reduction and prolonged complete and partial diabetes remission (defined as HbA 1c <6.0% and 6.0%-6.5% of total hemoglobin [Hb; to convert to proportion of total Hb, multiply by 0.01], respectively, for those who were exempted from any antidiabetic drugs for 5 years).RESULTS At the end of the fifth year, the surgical group had a mean weight loss of 21.0% (from a mean [SD] BMI of 31.0 [2.4] to 24.5 [2.7]), their mean (SD) HbA 1c decreased from 9.1% (2.1%) to 6.3% (1.1%) of total Hb, 18 participants (36.0%) had complete remission, 14 (28.0%) had partial remission, 1 (1.9%) died, and 1 (1.9%) had end-stage renal disease.In the same follow-up period in the medical group, 3 (1.2%)had complete remission, 4 (1.6%) had partial remission, 9 (3.0%) died, and 2 (0.7%) had end-stage renal disease; their mean HbA 1c remained around 8% of total Hb (mean [SD], 8.1% [1.8%] of total Hb at baseline and 8.0% [1.6%] of total Hb at 5 years), and BMI also stayed similar (mean [SD], 29.1 [2.4] at baseline and 28.8 [2.6] at 5 years).The HbA 1c reduction and complete and partial remission rates were all significantly larger in the surgical group as compared with the medical group (all P < .001).However, the mortality rate and end-stage renal disease incidence were not significantly different in these 2 comparison groups (P = .66and .37,respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEFor mildly obese patients with T2DM, the improvement in glycemic control from metabolic surgery lasts at least 5 years.However, the survival benefit and lifelong adverse outcomes require more than 5 years to be established.
Effects of Neodymium Laser on Normal Liver and Vx2 Carcinoma Transplanted Into the Liver of Experimental Animals
Authors: Robert C. Hoye, Louis B. Thomas, Grant C. Riggle, Alfred Ketcham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The effects of 300-1000 joule (6–25 j/mm2) neodymium laser pulses on the normal liver and Vx2 carcinoma, transplanted info the liver of New Zealand white rabbits, were determined. Gross and microscopic effects of laser tissue interaction, varying from 2 hours to 21 days after laser treatment, are described. The pattern of tissue destruction varied in both normal and tumor tissue. Six days post laser, the fully developed laser lesion could be divided into 3 zones, each with a consistent and characteristic pattern of cellular damage. At the epicenter of the lesion (Zone I) the tissue had vaporized and was absent. Surrounding the epicenter (Zone II) the tissue was twisted and distorted and many irregular vacuolated spaces were present. Scattered throughout this zone were islands of cells and single cells, which retained their normal staining characteristics and appeared normal or only slightly damaged. Cells in mitosis were occasionally seen. Surrounding Zone II and extending to the periphery of the lesion was an area of complete cell death (Zone lII). This zone was surrounded by a margin of fibroblastic activity. A theoretical explanation for the histologic pattern observed in both normal and tumor tissue is proposed, based on a thermodynamic analysis of the results.
Modernizing Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Philip Rocco, Walid F. Gellad, Julie M. Donohue
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A novel non-human primate model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Francesca Polverino, Melanie Doyle-Eisele, Jacob McDonald, Julie Wilder, Emer Kelly, Joe Mauderly, Victor Pinto-Plata, Miguel Divo, Bartolome Celli, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Caroline Ann Owen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:Commonly used small animal models have limitations for identifying new therapeutic targets or biomarkers for COPD. Herein, we assessed the utility of cigarette smoke(CS)-exposed non-human primates(NHPs) as a novel animal model of COPD.  Methods:16 NHPs from the breeding colony at LRRI were exposed to air or CS for 12 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary function tests were performed at baseline and after 4 and 12 weeks. Lung samples were obtained at euthanasia. We quantified:1)inflammation by counting leukocytes in BAL samples and lung sections; 2)lung oxidative stress measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) in lungs; 3)alveolar septal cell apoptosis using TUNEL staining; 4)airspace enlargement using morphometry; 5)airway mucus metaplasia using PAS and MUC5AC stainings; and 6)deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM) using Trichrome staining.  Results: Compared to controls, CS-exposed NHPs showed a 20% reduction in FVC0.1. Moreover, they developed: 1)lung inflammation with 2-4 fold increase in BAL macrophages and PMNs; 2)4-fold increases in TBARS levels; 3)alveolar septal cell apoptosis; 4)mucus metaplasia in large and small airways; 5)fibrosis around small airways and vessels and 6)T and B lymphocyte follicles in the lungs. 12 weeks of CS-exposure were not sufficient to develop significant emphysema.  Conclusions:NHPs show reduced lung function and a progressive lung inflammatory response to CS, together with other pathological processes similar to those occurring in human cigarette smokers. This novel animal model of COPD can safely undergo longitudinal sampling, and could be useful for testing novel biomarkers or new therapeutics for COPD.
Molecular analysis of ampicillin-resistant sporadic Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi B clinical isolates
Authors: Panayotis T. Tassios, Alkiviadis C. Vatopoulos, Efstratios Mainas, Dimitra Gennimata, John Papadakis, Asterios Tsiftsoglou, Victoria Kalapothaki, Nicholas J. Legakis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1997)
TINEA CRURIS IN WOMEN..
Authors: MARY P. ENGLISH, C. J. LA TOUGHE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1957)

Journal Article TINEA CRURIS IN WOMEN.: A Report of Three Cases. Get access MARY P. ENGLISH, M.Sc., MARY P. ENGLISH, M.Sc. Department of Pathology, Bristol Royal Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. J. LA TOUGHE, L.A.H.(Dubl.), M.Sc. C. J. LA TOUGHE, L.A.H.(Dubl.), M.Sc. Department of Dermatology, the General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 69, Issue 9, 1 September 1957, Pages 311–314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1957.tb13276.x Published: 01 September 1957
Effects of Methyl-Prednisolone on Cerebral Neoplasms: Clinical and Radiological Evaluation
Authors: S. Mingrino, S. Ferla, R. Faggin, G. Dalla Pieta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

An open study was carried out in patients affected by brain tumors in order to evaluate the effects of high doses of methyl-prednisolone (MP) on the tumoral mass and especially on peritumoral edema. Volumetric evaluation of tumor size and of perilesional edema was performed on CT scan with contrast enhancement, before treatment with MP and after 10 days of treatment. High dose MP induced 30 percent average reduction of peritumoral edema in all cases with significant improvement of neurological signs and symptoms. No change in tumor size was recorded. Further follow-ups are necessary to evaluate the prolonged effect of oral MP and the minimal therapeutical dose necessary.
Rifamycin Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Rauscher Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase and of Purified DNA Polymerases From Human Normal and Leukemic Lymphoblasts
Authors: S. S. Yang, F.M. Herrera, R. G. Smith, M. S. Reitz, G. Lancini, R. C. Ting, R. C. Gallo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The 201 rifamycin derivatives tested were classified into 8 groups according to common structural features and screened for inhibitory activity against human lymphocyte and murine leukemia virus DNA polymerases. On the basis of potency and selectivity, 10 compounds were selected for more detailed study with viral “reverse transcriptase” and normal and leukemic lymphocyte DNA pelymeroses I and II. Under all conditions tested, 3-(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazonomethyl) rifamycin SV (144–126) and 3-piperazinoiminomethyl rifamycin SV (N-demethyl rifampicin) (143–416) had greater inhibitory effect against the viral polymerase than either normal cellular polymerase and preferentially inhibited leukemic polymerase II over normal polymerase II, though inhibition was not as great as with the viral enzyme. Several agents are potent inhibitors of both viral and cellular DNA polymerases, and some of these compounds consequently are of interest as antiviral and/or potential antileukemic agents.
Cocaine and Methamphetamine Dependence: Advances in Treatmentedited by KostenThomas R., M.D., NewtonThomas F., M.D., De La Garza IIRichard, Ph.D., and HaileColin N., M.D., Ph.D. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2012, 234 pp., $65.00.
Authors: Kathleen Brady
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)
HRT, lung function, respiratory symptoms and menopausal status
Authors: Francisco Gomez Real, Ferenc Macsali, Cecilie Svanes, Shyamali Dharmage, Julia Dratva, Ernst Omenaas, Ane Johannessen, Christer Janson, Jordi Sunyer Deu, Eva Lindberg, Joachim Heinrich, Thorarin Gislasson, Deborah Jarvis, Benedicte Leynaert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: The relation of HRT (hormonal replacement therapy) with respiratory symptoms is not understood; women using HRT appear to have more respiratory symptoms but better lung function.  Methods: This analysis included 1686 women 45-56 years participating in ECRHS II. Logistic and linear regressions were conducted to investigate the association between HRT (n=388) and lung function and respiratory symptoms while adjusting for BMI, age, smoking, center and height.  Results: Menopausal women using HRT had higher FEV1 (adj diff 70 ml (95%CI=4 to 136)) but no increase in respiratory symptoms (OR=1.00 (0.68 to 1.48)) compared to menopausal women not using HRT. Premenopausal women using HRT had indicated more asthma symptoms (OR=1.65 (0.86 to 3.18)) and indicated lower FVC (adj diff -103 to 16)) than premenopausal women not using HRT.  Conclusions: The association between HRT and respiratory health was modified by menopausal status. In this population of women in the perimenopause, HRT appeared to be beneficial for rspiratory health among menopausal women, but possibly led to adverse respiratory outcomes among those still menstruating. The conflicting evidence in the field might be due to lack of account for menopausal status when investigating effects of HRT.
Pattern of exhaled volatile organic compounds is altered in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Zsόfia Lázár, András Bikov, Pálma Benedek, Lászlό Kunos, Ildikό Horváth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in children. Systemic and local airway inflammation is involved in disease pathogenesis. Non-invasive tools for inflammometry are needed in pediatrics. The analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by sensor arrays such as electronic noses offers a novel method to assess inflammation-related metabolic changes and oxidative stress.   Objective:  To study if exhaled VOC pattern in children with OSAS can be discriminated with an electronic nose.   Methods:  Eight children with mild-moderate OSAS (age 8±2 yrs) and ten healthy control subjects (10±3 yrs) were recruited. Subjects did not present any acute or chronic airway disease. After a single deep inspiratory capacity, VOC pattern of exhaled breath (collected from the lower airways without the dead space) was recorded with Cyranose 320 (Smiths Detection) and analyzed off-line using principal component analysis, Mahalanobis regression and receiving operator curve (ROC) analysis (SPSS 16.0).   Results:  All subjects provided technically adequate breath samples. Exhaled VOC pattern of OSAS patients could be discriminated from that of control subjects using the Mahalanobis method (Wilks9 lambda=0.02; 73% classification accuracy) and also with ROC analysis (sensitivity: 88%, specificity: 70%, positive predictive value: 70%, negative predictive value: 88%).   Conclusions:  In this first preliminary study, we show that exhaled VOC sampling is feasible in children, and VOC pattern analysis can discriminate patients with OSAS from healthy controls. Exhaled VOC analysis might serve as a new tool for airway inflammometry in children.  This study was supported by OTKA 68808.
Threat-Related Attention Bias Variability and Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Reut Naim, Rany Abend, Ilan Wald, Sharon Eldar, Ofir Levi, Eyal Fruchter, Karen Ginat, Pinchas Halpern, Maurice L. Sipos, Amy B. Adler, Paul D. Bliese, Phillip J. Quartana, Daniel S. Pine, Yair Bar-Haim
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Threat monitoring facilitates survival by allowing one to efficiently and accurately detect potential threats. Traumatic events can disrupt healthy threat monitoring, inducing biased and unstable threat-related attention deployment. Recent research suggests that greater attention bias variability, that is, attention fluctuations alternating toward and away from threat, occurs in participants with PTSD relative to healthy comparison subjects who were either exposed or not exposed to traumatic events. The current study extends findings on attention bias variability in PTSD. Method: Previous measurement of attention bias variability was refined by employing a moving average technique. Analyses were conducted across seven independent data sets; in each, data on attention bias variability were collected by using variants of the dot-probe task. Trauma-related and anxiety symptoms were evaluated across samples by using structured psychiatric interviews and widely used self-report questionnaires, as specified for each sample. Results: Analyses revealed consistent evidence of greater attention bias variability in patients with PTSD following various types of traumatic events than in healthy participants, participants with social anxiety disorder, and participants with acute stress disorder. Moreover, threat-related, and not positive, attention bias variability was correlated with PTSD severity. Conclusions: These findings carry possibilities for using attention bias variability as a specific cognitive marker of PTSD and for tailoring protocols for attention bias modification for this disorder.