tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cinacalcet for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Geoffrey A. Block, Kevin J. Martin, Angel L.M. de Francisco, Stewart A. Turner, Morrell M. Avram, Michael G. Suranyi, Gavril Hercz, John Cunningham, Ali K. Abu-Alfa, Piergiorgio Messa, Daniel W. Coyne, Francesco Locatelli, Raphael M. Cohen, Pieter Evenepoel, Sharon M. Moe, Albert Fournier, Johann Braun, Laura C. McCary, Valter J. Zani, Kurt A. Olson, Tilman B. Drüeke, William G. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D and calcium in patients receiving dialysis is often complicated by hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease and adverse clinical outcomes. Calcimimetics target the calcium-sensing receptor and lower parathyroid hormone levels without increasing calcium and phosphorus levels. We report the results of two identical randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the calcimimetic agent cinacalcet hydrochloride.Patients who were receiving hemodialysis and who had inadequately controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism despite standard treatment were randomly assigned to receive cinacalcet (371 patients) or placebo (370 patients) for 26 weeks. Once-daily doses were increased from 30 mg to 180 mg to achieve intact parathyroid hormone levels of 250 pg per milliliter or less. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with values in this range during a 14-week efficacy-assessment phase.Forty-three percent of the cinacalcet group reached the primary end point, as compared with 5 percent of the placebo group (P<0.001). Overall, mean parathyroid hormone values decreased 43 percent in those receiving cinacalcet but increased 9 percent in the placebo group (P<0.001). The serum calcium-phosphorus product declined by 15 percent in the cinacalcet group and remained unchanged in the placebo group (P<0.001). Cinacalcet effectively reduced parathyroid hormone levels independently of disease severity or changes in vitamin D sterol dose.Cinacalcet lowers parathyroid hormone levels and improves calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in patients receiving hemodialysis who have uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Review: Cholinesterase inhibitors but not memantine increase syncope in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia
Authors: Bradley Ng
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Kim DH, Brown RT, Ding EL, Kiel DP, Berry SD. Dementia medications and risk of falls, syncope, and related adverse events: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:1019-31. 21649634
Performance status of patients with advanced melanoma over time in routine clinical practice.
Authors: Natalia Sadetsky, Zhongyun Zhao, Beth Barber, Volker Jean Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19060 Background: Measurements of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) are widely used to assess disease progression, determine appropriate treatment and prognosis; however, ECOG-PS over time in routine clinical practice is rarely published. This study examined ECOG-PS in patients with stage III and IV melanoma during 1-year from diagnosis in community oncology clinics. Methods: Electronic medical records from 47 oncology clinics across the US were used for this analysis. Patients who had melanoma diagnosis, stage information, and ECOG-PS scores were included. Patient clinical, demographic, and treatment characteristics were described. ECOG-PS at diagnosis of stage III and IV melanoma and at every three months were analyzed. Mixed model analysis was undertaken to examine changes in ECOG-PS over time. Results: A total of 266 patients (102 stage III and 164 stage IV) were included in this study. At baseline, stage IV patients had significantly worse mean ECOG-PS scores than stage III patients (0.79 versus 0.35, p=0.001). In patients with both baseline and at least one post-diagnosis assessment (84 and 110 patients with stage III and IV, respectively), mixed model estimated mean ECOG-PS scores changed from 0.69 at baseline to 1.14 at 1-year for stage IV patients and were relatively stable for stage III patients (0.47 (baseline) and 0.54 (1-year)). There were 25 stage III and 43 stage IV patients who received drug treatments for melanoma. The majority of stage III patients (84%) received Interferon only; while 44.2% of stage IV patients received carboplatin+paclitaxel, 32.6% dacarbazine, and 11.6 % cisplatin. Among drug treated patients with stage IV, worsening ECOG-PS over time (from 0.87 at baseline to 1.14 at one year) was observed. Conclusions: In patients with advanced melanoma treated in community oncology practices, worse ECOG-PS scores and faster deterioration were observed for patients diagnosed with stage IV compared to stage III. Even in patients treated with systemic therapies, worsening ECOG-PS was also observed over time.
TCT-461 Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Angina: A Randomized Clinical Trial (STATUS-PCI)
Authors: Fabio Lima, Luis Gruberg, Usman Aslam, Kydanis Clase, Melissa Ramgadoo, Alessandra Trevisan, Allen Jeremias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE EARLY HISTORY OF VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Every great operation in surgery has a period of evolution of varying duration. Each marked advance in medicine and surgery is preceded by attempts which led to the elucidation of old ideas or the conception of new ones. All great discoveries are overshadowed by the labors of a host of earnest and progressive workers which ultimately crown the efforts of a favored few. Nearly all of the improvements in medicine and surgery which have characterized the present progressive age are only a repetition of the work of our professional ancestors. Many a so-called modern operation is only a recent and not always an improved edition of the operative technique as devised and described by one of the old masters. These remarks apply with special force to vaginal hysterectomy. The operation of removing the carcinomatous uterus through the vagina, so recently developed to its present state of perfection, was planned and
Hepatic Effects of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Robert K. Ockner, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

BOTH the estrogen and progestogen in most of the oral contraceptive agents are 17-α-alkyl-substituted steroids.1 Because compounds of this structure may produce cholestasis2 , 3 it is not surprising that disturbed liver function has been reported in patients using oral contraceptives. The purpose of this report is to review the subject of the hepatic dysfunction induced by these agents, and to consider both the possible pathogenesis of the disturbance and its clinical implications.Clinical ReportsAbout 40 cases of jaundice attributed to 5 different oral contraceptives have been reported. Although most of the initial reports were from Scandinavia4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 reports from England,13 , 14 Canada, . . .
Delayed but functional neutrophil extracellular trap formation in neonates
Authors: Veronica Marcos, Claudia Nussbaum, Ljubomir Vitkov, Andreas Hector, Eva-Maria Wiedenbauer, Dirk Roos, Taco Kuijpers, Wolf Dietrich Krautgartner, Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczény, Markus Sperandio, Dominik Hartl
Journal: Blood (2009)
Caregiver-Centered Care
Authors: Marjorie S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Last fall, 52 years after her college graduation, my mother moved back in with her college roommates. Their Boston apartment building is 10 minutes from where she raised her three children and 20 minutes from her freshman dorm room. Almost 20 years earlier, my parents had sold the home I grew up in and moved for my father’s job. This time, the move was for my mother and her job: caregiver to a husband with Alzheimer disease.
Abstract LB-296: Synergistic anticancer action of inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-aza-2-deocycytidine and EZH2 histone methylase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A
Authors: Richard L. Momparler, Victor E. Marquez, Louise F. Momparler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the antineoplastic action of epigenetic therapy using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) in combination with 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). Aberrant epigenetic modifications play an important role in oncogenesis. DNA hypermethylation, which can silence tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), can be reversed by treatment with 5-AZA-CdR, a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation. Overexpression of EZH2 methyltransferase (HMT) can also contribute to neoplastic transformation by silencing differentiation genes and TSGs. Recent studies have shown that DZNep, an inhibitor of HMT, can reactivate certain TSGs and has activity as an antineoplastic agent. Inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are reported to produce synergistic reactivation of silent TSGs and synergistic anticancer activity. Our objective was to determine if this type of “cross-talk” also exists between inhibitors of DNA methylation and inhibitors of HMT. Our experimental approach was to treat leukemic and tumor cells with 5-AZA-CdR and/or DZNep and determine cell survival by in vitro colony assays. Treatment of human HL-60 myeloid leukemic cells for 24 h with 50 nM 5-AZA-CdR or 500 nM DZNep produced a loss of clonogenity (LC) of 50.0 ± 5.8% and 75.6 ± 4.15, respectively. 5-AZA-CdR in combination with DZNep at the same concentrations of each agent produced a LC of 99 ± 1% (n =3). The interaction between these two different types of epigenetic agents was clearly synergistic. We also performed colony assays with 5-AZA-CdR plus DZNep on human A549 lung carcinoma cells. These epigenetic agents in combination also produced a synergistic LC on these tumor cells. The epigenetic action of 5-AZA-CdR plus DZNep on malignant cells of different phenotype suggests that this type of treatment may show effectiveness in most types of cancer. Our current objective is to verify the synergistic interaction between inhibitors of DNA methylation and HMT in mouse models with cancer. We are also investigating action of these agents alone and in combination on expression of cancer-related genes in order to understand the molecular basis of the synergistic anticancer activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-296.
Role of fucosyltransferases in the association between apomucin and Lewis antigen expression in normal and malignant gastric epithelium
Authors: A López-Ferrer, C de Bolós, C Barranco, M Garrido, J Isern, I Carlstedt, C A Reis, J Torrado, F X Real
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In normal gastric epithelium, MUC5AC is detected in superficial epithelium associated with Lewis type 1 antigens and MUC6 is detected in antral glands with Lewis type 2. Therefore, the stomach constitutes an excellent model to examine the role of glycosyltransferases in determining the specificity of apomucin glycosylation. <h3>AIMS</h3> To determine the molecular basis of this association and to examine changes in expression of gastric and intestinal apomucins and their association with Lewis antigens during the gastric carcinogenesis process. <h3>METHODS</h3> Fucosyltransferase (FUT1, FUT2, FUT3) and mucin (MUC5AC, MUC6) transcripts were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apomucin (MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6) and Lewis antigen (types 1 and 2) expression were analysed using single and double immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In the normal stomach, FUT1 is exclusively detected associated with MUC6; FUT2 is only detected when MUC5AC is present. This co-regulation is lost in gastric tumours, as is differential expression of MUC5AC and MUC6 in normal gastric epithelial cells. In gastric tumours, especially those with the intestinal phenotype, MUC2 and MUC4 genes are upregulated, and gastric-type and intestinal-type mucins are coexpressed. These changes are early events in the gastric carcinogenesis process, as they are detected in intestinal metaplasia. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The glycosylation pattern found in normal gastric epithelium is dictated by the specific set of fucosyltranferases expressed by the cells rather than by the apomucin sequence. The development of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer is associated with the appearance of cellular phenotypes that are absent from normal epithelium.
Requirement for Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Controlling T Cell Apoptosis
Authors: WanJun Chen, Wenwen Jin, Hongsheng Tian, Paula Sicurello, Mark Frank, Jan M. Orenstein, Sharon M. Wahl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, a potent immunoregulatory molecule, was found to control the life and death decisions of T lymphocytes. Both thymic and peripheral T cell apoptosis was increased in mice lacking TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta1(-/-)) compared with wild-type littermates. Engagement of the T cell receptor enhanced this aberrant T cell apoptosis, as did signaling through either the death receptor Fas or the tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor in peripheral T cells. Strikingly, TGF-beta was localized within the mitochondria of normal T cells, and the absence of TGF-beta1 resulted in disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), which marks the point of no return in a cell condemned to die. This TGF-beta-dependent regulation of viability appears dissociable from the TGF-beta1 membrane receptor-Smad3 signaling pathway, but associated with a mitochondrial antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Thus, TGF-beta1 may protect T cells at multiple sites in the death pathway, particularly by maintaining the essential integrity of mitochondria. These findings may have broad implications not only for T cell selection and death in immune responses and in the generation of tolerance, but also for defining the mechanisms of programmed cell death in general.
First Redo Heart Valve Replacement
Authors: Arjuna Weerasinghe, Maria-Benedicta Edwards, Kenneth M. Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The United Kingdom Heart Valve Registry (UKHVR) has recently completed collecting information on 52 659 heart valve replacements (in 47 718 patients) performed during the period 1986 to 1995 in the whole of the United Kingdom. Information stored in the UKHVR's computer database was used for this study. Factors affecting the time from first prosthesis to first redo prosthesis were analyzed and provided useful predictive information. The association between prosthesis-induced local pathological processes and redo valve size was investigated.This is a retrospective study of 43 301 patients (from among 47 718 in the database) undergoing single-site replacement of a diseased native mitral or aortic valve over a 10-year period from January 1986 to December 1995 in the United Kingdom. Of these patients, 1051 (2.43%) went on to have a first redo heart valve replacement. Valve survival analysis (Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves) was used to study the natural progression to the first redo heart valve replacement. Female sex and having a replacement at the aortic rather than the mitral position were both associated with a longer interval to the first redo operation. Regression analysis showed the size of the redo valve to be influenced by the interoperative time. This effect was more pronounced at the mitral position.Females and patients having an aortic valve replacement exhibit a longer interval to the first redo operation than do males and patients having mitral valve replacements, respectively. The time from the first replacement to the first redo operation significantly affects the size of the first redo valve.
The argument against sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma
Authors: J M. Thomas, E. J Patocskai
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sentinel node biopsy has been enthusiastically adopted into clinical practice without a clear understanding of its benefit, which is often assumed rather than proved. Recently, the status of the sentinel node has been shown to be the most important predictor of recurrence and survival for patients with malignant melanoma. The proportion of patients who have had a negative sentinel node biopsy and who are free of disease at three years is 88.5% compared with 55.8% of patients with a positive biopsy; these groups have overall survival rates of 93% and 67%, respectively.1 2

The thickness of the tumour and whether there is ulceration remain important prognostic discriminators in patients with a negative biopsy.1 But is the ability to stratify patients prognostically enough to justify the widespread use of sentinel node biopsy or should we wait for evidence of a survival benefit after selective node dissection in patients who have had a positive sentinel node on biopsy?

Several reasons have been given to justify the use of sentinel node biopsy. Firstly, it is cheaper and causes less morbidity than elective lymph node dissection. The total cost per patient, including the cost of wide local excision, is $19 285 (£12 856) for elective lymph node dissection compared with $13 835 for sentinel node biopsy under …
Peer review and dissenting manuscripts: the Cantekin case
Authors: E. N. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  We are writing with respect to the report entitled Biomedical Information, Peer Review, and Conflict of Interest as They Influence Public Health, 1 which appeared in your March 9 issue. The authors of that report (a bioengineer,  economist, and a lawyer) present their version of an actual case in which they (and we) have been involved. Central to virtually every point Dr Cantekin and his coauthors attempt to make is their portrayal of Dr Cantekin's 1986 submission to the New England Journal of Medicine as a dissenting  concerning the Otitis Media Research Center's Antibiotic for Otitis Media With Effusion—I (AB-OME-I) clinical trial. That portrayal is misleading and erroneous.  The manuscript submitted by Dr Cantekin et al to the New England Journal of Medicine (Cantekin et al) was not written as a dissent to the Otitis Media Research Center's report of results of the AB-OME-I trial,
Product Reporting Program
Authors: Joseph G. Valentino
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the editorial "The Physician's Role in the Quality Control of Medical Devices" (241:56, 1979), William C. Beck, MD, urged physicians to voice their criticism regarding medical devices and to volunteer their efforts to standardize equipment. Readers should know about using the Medical Device and Laboratory Product Problem Reporting Program to achieve a part of this purpose. The Product Reporting Program is part of a practitioner reporting system that has as its basic objective the improvement of product quality. It has the cooperation of various professional organizations in medicine, nursing, respiratory and intravenous therapy, central service management, and other health care areas. It is coordinated by the<i>United States Pharmacopeia</i>, an independent, nongovernmental body composed of approximately 300 representatives from associations and colleges of pharmacy and medicine. Funds for the program are provided by the Food and Drug Administration. Although the primary purpose of the system is
Establishment of long-term monocyte suspension cultures from normal human peripheral blood.
Authors: S Z Salahuddin, P D Markham, R C Gallo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The long-term suspension growth of normal, immature myeloid cells from fresh human cord blood was recently reported and required cells separated on supplemented discontinuous Percoll gradients, growth in media containing hydrocortisone and vitamins D3, and gentle, continuous agitation (13). When normal adult bone marrow (six donors) or blood from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive donors (nine donors) was used as a source of fresh human leukocytes, only short-term proliferation of myeloid cells was achieved with the same techniques. However, when leukocytes prepared from EBV seronegative normal adult peripheral blood were used, pure populations of monocytes and macrophages that replicate slowly in liquid suspension culture for greater than 5 mo were repeatedly obtained from three independent donors. These cultures consists of several morphologically distinguishable monocytic cell types, including an approximately 20% adherent macrophage population. The monocytic nature of these cultures was confirmed by cytochemical, immunological, and functional criteria. These monocytes retain a normal chromosome pattern and can be induced to differentiate to phagocytic cells by treatment with tetradecanylphorbal acetate. Eventually, the cultures terminate as nonreplicating mature macrophages. These liquid suspension cultures should be a valuable resource for morphological, biochemical, and functional studies of developing monocyte-macrophages and their interaction with other cell types in normal and various pathological situations.
Leptin and Adiponectin During the First Week After Kidney Transplantation: Biomarkers of Graft Dysfunction?
Authors: Isabel Fonseca, José Carlos Oliveira, Josefina Santos, Jorge Malheiro, La Salete Martins, Manuela Almeida, Leonídio Dias, Sofia Pedroso, Luísa Lobato, António Castro Henriques, Denisa Mendonça
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Increased drug spending is creating funding crisis, report says
Authors: S. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Spending on prescribed drugs in primary care grew by 10% between 2001 and 2002, and many primary care trusts are facing a major gap in funding, a report from the Audit Commission says.

The report says that drugs linked to national service frameworks and National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines account for almost half of this rise in spending.

In 2001–2 …
PD1-2-2: The role of whole-body FDG PET/CT, Tc 99m mdp bone scintigraphy, and serum alkaline phosphatase in detecting bone metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer
Authors: Joo-Won Min, Sang-Won Um, Jae-Jun Yim, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Sung Koo Han, Young-Soo Shim, Young Whan Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)