tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Landmark article Oct. 14, 1922: Sickle cell anemia. By V.R. Mason
Authors: V. R. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recent medical literature contains the records of three patients, all negroes, or negroes with an admixture of Caucasian blood, in whom severe anemia, characterized by certain peculiar morphologic alterations of the red blood cells, was present. The first case was reported by Herrick.<sup>1</sup>Washburn<sup>2</sup>published the records of a patient whose blood showed similar changes, and Cook and Meyer<sup>3</sup>reported the third example of this rare type of anemia. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> The following record is presented in some detail on account of the rarity of the disease: <h3>History.—</h3> C P., a negro, aged 21, was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital, March 15, 1915, complaining of general weakness. The family history was fragmentary, and no evidence was adduced to indicate that any other member of the family had suffered from symptoms similar to his. The patient was born in Virginia and had never been farther than
The pharmacology of threatening dreams
Authors: Lawrence J. Wichlinski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The pharmacological literature on negative dream experiences is reviewed with respect to Revonsuo's threat rehearsal theory of dreaming. Moderate support for the theory is found, although much more work is needed. Significant questions that remain include the precise role of acetylcholine in the generation of negative dream experiences and dissociations between the pharmacology of waking fear and anxiety and threatening dreams. [Revonsuo]
Refusing to provide a prenatal test: can it ever be ethical?
Authors: Tom W Shakespeare
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children Negative outcome or protocol problem?Editor-Although the article by Reilly et al on physical activity to prevent obesity in young children emphasises that adherence to protocol was good, 1 an interview with Reilly on the Today programme (7.20 am, 6 October 2006) cited the difficulty in getting children to increase their activity as much as required-that is, not a negative outcome, but a problem in achieving sufficient increase to make the intervention effective.Which was the case?
Disease in the Popular American Press: The Case of Diphtheria
Authors: John C. Burnham
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This book appears at first glance to use three diseases to elucidate a history of the popularization of medicine and medical science in the United States around the turn of the century, from the advent of the germ theory of disease to the new public health. The book is less, and more, than that. It is in fact a leisurely and thoughtful examination of what today's science writers can learn from three specific examples that are modern and yet sufficiently in the past that the author can draw lessons from them. The instances also show how important it was—and presumably still is—for medical scientists and clinicians to communicate with science writers in order that members of the public learn what they should and in the form that they should. Ziporyn is both a science writer and a PhD historian. Her approach to the popularization of science and medicine differs from
Hepatitis from Intravenous High-Dose Oxacillin Therapy
Authors: IDA M. ONORATO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A retrospective review of all patients who received oxacillin intravenously in doses greater than 6 g/day was done. Eight patients in whom oxacillin-associated hepatitis developed were found and compared with a control group of 46 patients who had received high-dose oxacillin and in whom oxacillin-associated hepatitis did not develop. The latent period to development of typical symptoms of hepatitis varied from 2 to 21 days. Laboratory abnormalities were compatible with anicteric hepatitis and reverted to normal after withdrawal of the drug. Oxacillin hepatitis most like represents a hypersensitivity reaction. We recommend that routine liver chemistries be done regularly in all patients receiving high-dose intravenous oxacillin.
Several Serum Proteins Significantly Decrease Inflammatory Response to Lipid-based Non-viral Vectors
Authors: Christine C Conwell, Feng Liu, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Modifications of lipid-based gene delivery systems to improve efficacy is a continued effort in gene therapy research. Current advances include targeting specificity, controlled release and small molecule incorporation. While showing great progress, additional advances are necessary to increase transfection efficiency and decrease inflammatory toxicity. Previously, we demonstrated that sequentially injecting liposome, followed by DNA resulted in high transfection levels, but also significantly decreased the inflammatory response typically associated with lipoplex delivery. Here we attempt to elucidate the role of serum proteins in vector efficacy. Both lipoplexes and sequential complexes formed in the presence of mouse serum were examined by 2D gel electrophoresis. Unique or abundant proteins in sequential complexes were investigated for potential anti-inflammatory or target specific activity. Several serum proteins significantly reduced inflammation, while increasing the levels of transgene activity up to threefold compared to lipoplex. Furthermore, the same proteins did not decrease cytokine levels when added to preformed lipoplex. The results indicate sequential complexes (i.e., liposome mixed with protein, then DNA) and lipoplex are fundamentally different. These results suggest that a combination of protein content and DNA placement within the structure is responsible for the significantly improved efficacy and decreased inflammatory toxicity of these modified non-viral vectors.
Inhibition of interleukin 1-induced matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in human chondrocytes by interferon 
Authors: R Ahmad, H Y Qureshi, M El Mabrouk, J Sylvester, M Ahmad, M Zafarullah
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Despite well-documented immunomodulation by interferon γ (IFNγ), its role and mechanism of regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) gene expression in human chondrocytes is unknown. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the ability and mechanism of IFNγ to suppress interleukin 1 (IL1)-induced MMP13 expression in articular chondrocytes. <b>Methods:</b> Human chondrocytes were treated with IFNγ or IL1β alone or in combination. MMP13 mRNA was analysed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. MMP13 protein, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels were measured by western blotting. MMP13 promoter luciferase, cytomegalovirus cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CBP)/p300 plasmids and STAT1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected by the calcium phosphate method. IFNγ receptor was also neutralised. Activator protein (AP) 1 activity was monitored by the TransAM transcription factor kit. STAT1-CBP/p300 interaction was studied by immunoprecipitation. <b>Results:</b> IFNγ potently suppressed IL1-induced expression of MMP13 and promoter activity. Blockade with neutralising IFNγ R1 antibody revealed that MMP13 inhibition by IFNγ is mediated by the IFN receptor. IFNγ-stimulated activation of STAT1 was directly correlated with MMP13 suppression. Knockdown of the STAT1 gene by specific siRNA or its inhibition with fludarabine partially restored the IL1β induction of MMP13 expression and promoter activity. IFNγ did not alter AP1 binding ability but promoted physical interaction of STAT1 and CBP/p300 coactivator. p300 overexpression reversed IFNγ inhibition of endogenous MMP13 mRNA expression and exogenous MMP13 promoter activity. <b>Conclusion:</b> IFNγ, through its receptor, activates STAT1, which binds with CBP/p300 coactivator, sequesters it from the cell system, and thus inhibits transcriptional induction of the MMP13 gene in chondrocytes. IFNγ and its signalling pathways could be targeted therapeutically for diminishing IL1-induced cartilage degradation by MMP13 in patients with arthritis.
Mandatory regular meetings of hospital staff would complement medical audit and revalidation
Authors: A Singer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The current ideas and discussions in the United Kingdom about the maintenance of high standards, medical audit of outcomes, revalidation, etc, miss a tremendous opportunity to make this a positive educational exercise.

I spent 10 years in the NHS (1951-61) and have subsequently spent more than 30 years in the American healthcare system. I believe that the mandatory regular meetings of hospital staff in every clinical department in the United States are one of the most powerful approaches …
Prognostic relevance of integrated genetic profiling in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato, Kim De Keersmaecker, Michael Hadler, Elisabeth Paietta, Martin S. Tallman, Jacob M. Rowe, Carles Forne, Montserrat Rue, Adolfo A. Ferrando
Journal: Blood (2013)
Economic evaluation and society's health values: View from the other side of the pond
Authors: Rhiannon Tudor Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Societal values on health care in the United States are profoundly different from those of the United Kingdom. Likewise health economics has developed in quite different ways.1 2

Americans fiercely defend their right to choose their doctor, value competition as a stimulant to medical advance, and are not ready to …
The Effect on Mortality of Low-Dose Insulin Therapy for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Michael C Sheppard, A D Wright
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The presentation, treatment, and outcome in 353 episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis have been examined to assess the effect of low-dose insulin therapy on mortality. There were 19 deaths during the period of study, with a mortality rate of 4.4% for patients treated with infrequent large doses of soluble insulin and 4.6% for patients treated with frequent intramuscular injections or continuous infusion of insulin. We conclude that in a center which practices an intensive care approach to the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, the use of a low-dose insulin regimen has not altered mortality.
Ex-vivo study of high-magnification chromoendoscopy in the gastrointestinal tract to determine the optimal staining conditions for endocytoscopy
Authors: S. Kodashima, M. Fujishiro, K. Takubo, M. Kammori, S. Nomura, N. Kakushima, Y. Muraki, A. Tateishi, M. Kaminishi, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endocytoscopy allows the observation of living cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Consistently clear views are essential for clinical application of the technique, but these are not always obtained. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate staining regimen for endocytoscopy.This was an ex-vivo animal study in which we stained freshly resected porcine esophagus, stomach, and colon with different concentrations of three dyes (1%, 0.5%, and 0.25% crystal violet; 5%, 2.5%, and 1% methylene blue; and 1%, 0.5%, and 0.25% toluidine blue) and assessed them after different exposure times (10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, and 90 seconds). The images obtained were evaluated according to the staining status of the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and the contrast between the cytoplasm and the nuclei, and the optimal staining conditions for each organ were determined. Additionally, freshly resected human esophagus, stomach, and colon tissues were tested under the dye/exposure conditions that were found to be the most appropriate in the animal study.After intensive mucus removal, high-quality images were obtained using methylene blue and toluidine blue. The optimum conditions for endocytoscopic observation were obtained after staining with 1% methylene blue in the esophagus and with 0.25% toluidine blue in the stomach and the colon, after 60 seconds of exposure to the dye. This was confirmed in the human specimens.This study provides important information on appropriate staining conditions for endocytoscopy. Further ex-vivo and in-vivo studies are necessary before this technique comes into standard use, however.
Eicosapentaenoic acid-induced changes in membrane fluidity and cell adhesion molecules in cultured human keratinocytes
Authors: L. LU, N. OKADA, S. NAKATANI, K. YOSHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) on the lipid dynamics of cultured epidermal keratinocytes and their expression of cell adhesion molecules were investigated, and were compared with those of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6). When keratinocytes were treated with 3 μg/ml of EPA or AA for 72 h, these compounds were found to be incorporated into the cells. EPA-induced lipid changes were distinguished by a significant increase in the cellular content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas AA treatment resulted in an increase in the cellular content of n-6 arachidonic acid. These changes in fatty acid composition were accompanied by an increase in cellular membrane fluidity, which was evaluated by the diffusion coefficient, using the method of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) [from 1–77±0–34 × 10−8cm2/s untreated to 2–23±0–35 × l0−8cm2/s EPA-treated (P < 0.001), and 2–16±0–35 × 10−8cm2/s AA-treated (P < 0·001)]. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was induced on the keratinocyte membrane in the presence of tumour necrosis factor-a and interferon-γ, and pretreatment with EPA or AA further enhanced the expression, almost to an equal degree, as estimated by flow cytometry (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the modulation of ICAM-1 expression does not seem to be EPA-specific, but is presumably a consequence of increased membrane fluidity due to the increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids of both the n-3 and n-6 series in the membrane.
Objective Measurements of the Retinal Vessels
Authors: ALEX. M. BURGESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorial Notes1 December 1967Objective Measurements of the Retinal VesselsALEX. M. BURGESS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.ALEX. M. BURGESS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-6-1346 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOne of the many arts that together make up the "art of medicine" is the ability to base hard decisions on soft data. We often forget how blunt some of the tools of medicine are, and we place side by side, almost without a thought, measurements in micrograms and in fingerbreadths. Fortunately, our clinical needs usually are met to a passable extent by approximations and estimates. The epidemiologist and the clinical investigator, on the other hand, find that the lack of precision and reproducibility characterizing many clinical measurements gives trouble in making close comparisons, plotting distribution curves, and combining the...References1. Arterial Hypertension and Ischaemic Heart Disease, Preventive Aspects. Report of an Expert Committee. Technical Report Series No. 231. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1962, p. 7. Google Scholar2. BURGESSFEJFARKAGAN AMZA: Arterial Hypertension and Ischaemic Heart Disease: Comparison in Epidemiological Studies. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1963, p. 32. Google Scholar3. KAGANAURELLDOBREEHARAMCKENDRICKMICHAELSONSHAPERSUNDARESANTIBBLIN AEJKCIGTG: A note on signs in the fundus oculi and arterial hypertension: conventional assessment and significance. Bull. WHO 34: 955, 1966. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. KAGANAURELLTIBBLIN AEG: Signs in the fundus oculi and arterial hypertension—unconventional assessment and significance. Bull. WHO 36: 231, 1967. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Institute for Health Sciences Brown University Providence, R. I. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRetinal image analysis: Concepts, applications and potentialRetinal vascular image analysis as a potential screening tool for cerebrovascular disease: a rationale based on homology between cerebral and retinal microvasculaturesRetinal Microvascular Abnormalities and their Relationship with Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and MortalityFamilial Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity with Retinal Hemorrhage 1 December 1967Volume 67, Issue 6Page: 1346-1347KeywordsClinical epidemiologyReproducibilityRetinal vessels Issue Published: 1 December 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Take Wing! Interesting Things That Happened On My Way To School
Authors: Andrew D. Hunt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Dr E. Grey Dimond's autobiography, from childhood through retirement from academic medicine, is a fascinating and exciting read. Its tenor is one of vaulting ambition combined with exuberant enthusiasm for the good fortune of being a physician and total confidence in the worthiness of his profession. We learn a little about Dimond's childhood in a small Mississippi town, of the tragedy of his alcoholic father, of his early first and unsuccessful marriage, and of his attending Purdue University and the Indiana University Medical School. The author's medical education occurred during World War II via the accelerated Army Specialized Training Program. As early as his first year, he took umbrage at the rigidity of both pre-medical and medical school curricula. He describes a "dreary lectureintensive year... and the required initiation rites of the tedious, macabre, strangely irrelevant dissection of the formaldehyde-soaked cadaver." By contrast, much of his time after the first
Lithium in bipolar mood disorder
Authors: T. G Dinan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Bipolar affective disorder, also called manic depression, is a common condition associated with multiple relapses often leading to unemployment, marital problems, alcohol abuse, and suicide. The lifetime prevalence is more than 1%, and 10-20% of patients commit suicide. Cade was the first to report the anti-manic effect of lithium, and by the late 1960s its role in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder was established.1 In the next decade it became widely used on both sides of the Atlantic as the first line of treatment for the condition. Recent prescribing patterns indicate that the use of lithium in the United States is declining relative to its use in European and other countries such as Australia. The evidence, however, suggests that lithium should be the first choice in the prophylactic treatment of most patients with bipolar disorder.

Some American clinicians no longer prescribe lithium because it is too toxic and alternatives are available. Marketing strategies for mood stabilisers such as valproate and …
Rapid Target-Specific Remodeling of Fast-Spiking Inhibitory Circuits after Loss of Dopamine
Authors: Aryn H. Gittis, Giao B. Hang, Eva S. LaDow, Liza R. Shoenfeld, Bassam V. Atallah, Steven Finkbeiner, Anatol C. Kreitzer
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Tumour Grade, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Microvessel Density, p53, and bcl-2 in Prostate Cancers: Differences Between Tumours Located in the Transition Zone and in the Peripheral Zone
Authors: Andreas Erbersdobler, Henning Fritz, Silvia Schnöger, Markus Graefen, Peter Hammerer, Hartwig Huland, R.-Peter Henke
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Predicting Digoxin Dosage from Creatinine Clearance
Authors: ROBERT D. OKADA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1978Predicting Digoxin Dosage from Creatinine ClearanceROBERT D. OKADA, M.D., W. DAVID HAGER, M.D., FRANK I. MARCUS, M.D., DONALD PERRIER, PH.D., PENELOPE GRAVES, PH.D.ROBERT D. OKADA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. DAVID HAGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANK I. MARCUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD PERRIER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, PENELOPE GRAVES, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-133_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Various published nomograms attempt to use serum creatinine to predict a digoxin dosage that will be in the therapeutic, but less than the toxic, range in patients with decreased renal function (1, 2). We recently studied a patient whose measured pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin deviated considerably from those predicted from available nomograms.A 75-year-old euthyroid white man received digoxin for prophylaxis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. He was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of digoxin toxicity and with a serum digoxin level of 4.6 ng/ml. Despite a serum creatinine of 1.1 mg/ml, his serum digoxin level fell...References1. GAULTJEFFREYCHIRTOWARD HJEL: Studies of digoxin dosage, kinetics and serum concentrations in renal failure and review of the literature. Nephron 17:161-187, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JELLIFFEBROOKER RG: A nomogram for digoxin therapy. Am J Med 57:63-68, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KOUPJUSKOELWOODKOHLI JWCR: Digoxin pharmacokinetics: role of renal failure in dosage regimen design. Clin Pharmacol Ther 18:9-21, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. FLECKENSTEINBENETTHOMSON LLP: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a patient with unusually high digoxin requirements. Clin Pharmacol Ther 21:102, 1977 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Arizona Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Tucson, AZ 85724 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1978Volume 88, Issue 1Page: 133-133KeywordsCreatinineParoxysmal atrial tachycardiaPharmacokineticsProphylaxisToxicity Issue Published: 1 January 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IS HIGHLY ACCURATE IN THE DETECTION OF FLOW-LIMITING CORONARY ARTERIAL STENOSES AS ASSESSED BY FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
Authors: Sarah Rinehart, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Charlie Brown, Anna Kalynich, Zhen Qian, Gustavo Vazquez, Idean Marvasty, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Integrating Cognitive Therapy and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Depression: A Novel Approach
Authors: Joel A. Pava, Maurizio Fava, Janet A. Levenson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

Psychiatric clinicians frequently prescribe biologic treatments such as antidepressant medication in combination with psychologic treatments such as psychotherapy. In the present article we propose a model integrating antidepressant treatment with Beck's cognitive therapy, a form of psychotherapy with established efficacy in the acute treatment of depression. We argue for adding cognitive therapy following successful pharmacological treatment, i.e., for spending cognitive therapy resources in the continuation phase of treatment, where they are most likely to make a unique and separate contribution to patient well-being, particularly in the areas of relapse prevention and treating residual symptoms. We encourage researchers to compare this treatment strategy to other approaches in terms of its ability to (1) prevent relapses and recurrences of depressive episodes, and (2) to impact positively on the overall quality of life in recovered depressed patients.
An essential role for tripeptidyl peptidase in the generation of an MHC class I epitope
Authors: Ulrike Seifert, Concepción Marañón, Ayelet Shmueli, Jean-François Desoutter, Lisa Wesoloski, Katharina Janek, Peter Henklein, Susanne Diescher, Muriel Andrieu, Henri de la Salle, Toni Weinschenk, Hansjörg Schild, Diego Laderach, Anne Galy, Gaby Haas, Peter-M. Kloetzel, Yuval Reiss, Anne Hosmalin
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)