tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health education and ethnic minorities.
Authors: R Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (1991)

It is obvious that the most important message to be given to anybody taking blood samples is to adhere to the local recommendations and that no samples should be left unlabelled or improperly labelled.The importance of training to ensure appropriate identification of donor and patient samples cannot be overemphasised.The minimum information that should go on the tube consists of the patient's name, date of birth or identification number (Danish social security number or hospital number in Britain), and the date when the sample was drawn.There are hospitals in Australia where no sample will be accepted for pretransfusion testing if the label has not been checked and countersigned by the patient.If the patient is unable to sign, then the reason has to be stated in writing by the person drawing the sample.
TCT-14 Very Long-term Results of BioFreedom First-In-Man, a Randomized Trial comparing Polymer-Free BioFreedom(tm) stents with Durable Polymer Taxus Liberté(tm) Stents
Authors: Eberhard Grube, Ralf Mueller, Gerhard Schuler, Karl-Eugen Hauptmann, Joachim Schofer, Carlo Di Mario, Ricardo A. Costa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Unfelicitous Medical Writing
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Some writers of reports to American Medical Association scientific publications could use the advice of a grammarian. Unfortunately, our skilled copy editors may occasionally miss a few of the writers' "bloopers." The following are some examples. Most patients spend hours or even days recovering from an attack in warm baths or in bed with hot water bottles or electric blankets. The patient died of sudden death. Even small amounts of alcohol seem to influence the operator's ability to control the vehicle in a strongly negative manner. He climbed a 6-foot fence and jumped over the other side. Water was supplied ad libitum during each session in bottles. The defendants in the action were the registered nurse who was head nurse on the patient's floor and the hospital. The following is a memo we have forwarded to physicians that may interest your readers. •
Abstract IA14: Investigating the ICOS/ICOSL pathway as a target for combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4.
Authors: Padmanee Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Biomarker studies used with immunotherapeutic strategies in the clinic have typically involved monitoring immunologic changes within the systemic circulation; however, recent data indicate that immunological changes within tumor tissues will be more likely to predict clinical responses. To obtain such data we conducted the first pre-surgical clinical trial with anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) in a cohort of patients with localized bladder cancer. We are also conducting the first combination therapy pre-surgical trial with ipilimumab plus leuprolide acetate in patients with localized prostate cancer. Immunological data from these trials are obtained from both tumor tissues and blood samples. We found an increased frequency of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing high levels of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and decreased frequency of FOXP3-expressing CD4 T cells within tumor tissues of treated patients. The CD4+ICOShi population contained effector T cells that produced IFN-γ and recognized the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 expressed on tumor cells. We therefore identified ICOS as marker of a subset of effector T cells that is increased in frequency after anti-CTLA-4 therapy. ICOS+ T cells are being explored as both a pharmacodynamic marker for treatment with anti-CTLA-4 as well as a novel target to improve the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. These observations led us to test the possibility that engagement of ICOS could enhance the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. To this end we transduced mouse B16F10 melanoma cells with a cDNA encoding ICOSL or a control construct. B16-ICOSL+ cells (IVAX) and control B16 cells were irradiated and used alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 to treat mice bearing established B16F10 tumors. We found that combination of the IVAX with anti-CTLA-4 was markedly more effective than the control vaccine plus anti-CTLA-4 or that of any single treatment alone. The increase in therapeutic efficacy was accompanied by a marked in increase in the density and functionality of CD4 and CD8 T cells within the tumor. These results suggest a novel strategy for manipulating the immune system to enhance anti-tumor responses: checkpoint blockade coupled with provision of agonist signals to enhance costimulation mediated by ICOS. Citation Format: Padmanee Sharma. Investigating the ICOS/ICOSL pathway as a target for combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
How to Select Cancer Cells with the Proper Qualifications
Authors: Renato Baserga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A few years ago Todaro and Green1 developed a cell-culture line of mouse fibroblasts that exhibited an unusual degree of growth control. This line, called the 3T3 mouse line, consists of fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells that grow as a monolayer. When the culture reaches a certain density and the cells are confluent or near confluent, cellular proliferation ceases almost completely. To be sure, this growth control is only relative since, by simply increasing the concentration of serum, these cells continue to proliferate and divide even after they have reached confluence.2 However, under constant culture conditions, constant frequency of medium changes . . .
Auricular chondritis and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: M A Rodriguez, F J Tapanes, I L Stekman, J A Pinto, O Camejo, I Abadi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Bilateral auricular inflammation with histological changes of relapsing polychondritis was observed in a female patient with primary Sjögren9s syndrome. This was accompanied by rapidly progressive renal insufficiency due to diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. To our knowledge this is the first well documented case of primary Sjögren9s syndrome associated with chondritis and glomerulonephritis, further emphasising the wide spectrum of extraglandular manifestations in this autoimmune disorder.
Human Milk and Infant Formula
Authors: Laurence Finberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In reading this book, I found myself initially puzzled about its intended audience. The author states in the preface that he is writing a semitechnical summary of the scientific literature on human milk and infant formula. If that description is what is wanted, then I think the author has largely fulfilled his purpose. The jacket flap lists many kinds of audiences, some of whom I would deem unsuitable for such a treatment in book form. The author is not himself an expert in the fields of nutrition or pediatrics; he is an expert in dairy sciences. He, therefore, has reviewed the literature of the last two decades on breast milk and infant formula and summarizes this information, some of it in tabular form. The text is presented under the headings of macronutrients and energy, vitamins, minerals, immune factors and infant formula composition. Because the author is not familiar with the
Enzymes of purine metabolism in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: F. Vertongen, C. Cauchie, P. Courtois, P. Fondu, I. M. Mandelbaum
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract In order to study if enzymes of purine metabolism could be used as cell markers in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL), the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5′‐nucleotidase (5′N) were repeatedly measured in blood mononuclear cells from B‐CLL patients and were compared to those obtained in normal controls. Enzyme activities in patients were also compared to other biological parameters indicative of B‐CLL to activities of ADA and PNP in erythrocytes. Results show that B‐leukemic cells display abnormal enzyme patterns: subnormal ADA activity is characteristic; 5′N activity is depressed in 60% of the cases but increased in 15%. An inverse relationship between PNP activity and corresponding lymphocytosis is observed in leukemic but not in normal cells. The enzymatic anomalies seem to be linked to the presence of an unusual peripheral lymphocytic population, induced by the leukemic process. Indeed, ADA and PNP are not abnormal in erythrocytes. In untreated nonevolutive patients, the enzyme profile tends to remain stable throughout the course of the illness; normalization of enzyme patterns in treated patients occurs only when therapy induces improvement in T and B cell distribution.
Control of foot and mouth disease
Authors: R. Sibley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dr Beale's editorial1 (January 2002 JRSM) may offer what appears to be a simple and effective solution to the future prevention and control of foot and mouth disease (FMD), but does not consider the objectives and the economics of livestock disease control.

To suggest that we can sustain a mass prophylactic vaccination programme in such a dynamic animal population as exists in European livestock agriculture is unreasonable. With current vaccines it would use about 100 million doses a year in the UK alone, with no guarantee of success. The risk can be managed more effectively and at less cost by other means.

The epidemiologists at the RSM conference on mathematical modelling of infectious diseases made it clear that vaccination programmes would not have been a great help in the control of the recent epidemic. Prophylactic vaccination as suggested by Beale also has its problems, and is not the simple panacea that he suggests. We, the FMD group of the British Cattle Veterinary Association, have made it clear to our agriculture ministers that once you start mass vaccination programmes it is very difficult to stop. The very existence of farm livestock is dependent on their value, and that is dependent on trade. The prevention of clinical disease is not the only consideration when setting objectives for the control of livestock diseases.
Abstract 593: Abusing oncogenic <i>RAS</i> to selectively target colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Inna Naumov, Victoria Lisiansky, Dina Kazanov, Shiran Shapira, Sarah Kraus, Nadir Arber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: RAS mutations are present in 40-60% of human colorectal (CRC) and 75-95% of pancreatic (PC) tumors leading to the activation of downstream target genes. The pro-apoptotic PUMA protein interacts with Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 to induce the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C and apoptosis. Aim: To selectively kill RAS transformed cells by overexpressing the PUMA gene under the control of a RAS-responsive promoter. Materials and methods: Four CRC and three PC cell lines were used. Six of them harboring KRAS mutations; SW480, HCT116, DLD1, Colo357, Panc1 and MiaPaca, whereas HT29 cells, harboring wt KRAS, served as control. In addition, normal rat enterocytes, IEC18 and RIE and their KRAS (R1), HRAS (RIE-RAS) transformed counterparts, were tested. We constructed two adenoviral vectors with the wt PUMA sequence, one containing RAS-responsive elements as an upstream promoter (PY4-PUMA) and a second lacking these elements which served as control (SV40-PUMA). Prior to the infections, RAS activity was determined by pull-down assay using GST-RBD. Inhibition of proliferation was determined on a Coulter counter; cell viability by MTT assay, apoptosis by FACS and protein expression by Western blotting. The effect of the adenoviruses was evaluated in vivo following injection of 106 cells into two flanks of nude mice (n=30). Results: As expected, SW480, HCT116, DLD1, Colo357, Panc1, R1 and RIE-RAS showed increased RAS activity compared to HT29, IEC18 and RIE cells which had no activity. Infection with PY4-PUMA induced a marked inhibition of cell growth, up to 40-50% and spontaneous apoptosis, in all cells exhibiting high levels of RAS activity whereas HT29, IEC18 and RIE were unaffected by PY4-PUMA. The SV40-PUMA had no effect. Selective and high expression of PUMA was detected in PY4-PUMA affected cells. In xenograft models of CRC in nude mice, PY4-PUMA injected i.p twice during a period of 4 weeks, suppressed de novo tumor formation and inhibited by ∼35% the growth of established tumors compared to the control virus. Conclusions: Selective expression of PUMA in RAS transformed cells can induce cancer cell death. The minimal quantity of only two adenoviral injections in our in vivo model showed no toxicity and holds promise for its future application in humans that, unlike immunodeficient mice, are immunocompetent. Gene therapy may become a useful, effective and safe approach to target RAS mutated tumors while sparing the normal surrounding tissue. It might be applicable not only to GI tumors but to other tumors harboring KRAS or HRAS mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 593.
South Dakota's Abortion Script — Threatening the Physician–Patient Relationship
Authors: Zita Lazzarini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Under a law that went into effect in July, physicians in South Dakota must tell any woman seeking an abortion that she is terminating the life of “a whole, separate, unique, living human being” with whom she has an “existing relationship,” that her relationship “enjoys protection under the United States Constitution and under the laws of South Dakota,” and that abortion terminates that relationship along with “her existing constitutional rights with regards to that relationship.”1 The “informed-consent” law (see box) was passed in 2005 but was immediately suspended by an injunction sought by Planned Parenthood, which operates the only South . . .
Abstract 840: Caspase 2 short isoform interacts with membrane-associated cytoskeleton proteins to inhibit apoptosis.
Authors: Chunhua Han, Ran Zhao, Altaf A. Wani, Qi-En Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Caspase-2 (casp-2) is the most conserved caspase across species, and is one of the initiator caspases activated by various stimuli. The casp-2 gene produces several alternative splicing isoforms. The exclusion of exon 9 results in the dominant casp-2 long isoform (casp-2L) mRNA, while the inclusion of exon 9 leads to the inclusion of an in-frame stop codon in casp-2, resulting in a short isoform (casp-2S) mRNA. It is believed that casp-2L promotes apoptosis, whereas casp-2S inhibits apoptosis. However, the effect of casp-2S on apoptosis is still controversial, and the underlying mechanism for casp-2S-mediated apoptosis inhibition is unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of casp-2S on DNA damage induced apoptosis by “gain-of-function” and “loss-of-function” effects in ovarian cancer cell lines. We have clearly demonstrated that over-expression of casp-2S inhibited, while knockdown of casp-2S promoted, the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, as revealed by the detection of PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining. To explore the mechanism for casp-2S-mediated apoptosis inhibition, we analyzed proteins interacting with casp-2S in cells by using mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoprecipitation (IP). We have identified two cytoskeleton proteins, Fodrin and α-Actinin 4, associated with casp-2S in HeLa cells and confirmed this interaction by reciprocal IP. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that casp-2S primarily resides in the cytoplasm, and inhibits DNA damage-induced cytoplasmic Fodrin cleavage independently of cellular p53 status. Given that Fodrin cleavage is critical to the apoptotic membrane blebbing, we hypothesized that casp-2S may inhibit the blebbing during apoptosis. Interestingly, immunofluorescence studies did show that over-expression of casp-2S inhibited the cisplatin-induced membrane blebbing. Taken together, our data suggest that casp-2S interacts with the membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein Fodrin, protecting it from cleavage, to affect the formation of membrane blebbing and apoptosis. (Supported by NIH grant CA151248 to QEW, and CA93413 to AAW) Citation Format: Chunhua Han, Ran Zhao, Altaf A. Wani, Qi-En Wang. Caspase 2 short isoform interacts with membrane-associated cytoskeleton proteins to inhibit apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 840. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-840
Increased Bile Acid Biosynthesis Is Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea
Authors: Banny S. Wong, Michael Camilleri, Paula Carlson, Sanna McKinzie, Irene Busciglio, Olga Bondar, Roy B. Dyer, Jesse Lamsam, Alan R. Zinsmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Defective DNA synthesis in human megaloblastic bone marrow: effects of homocysteine and methionine
Authors: Samuel Waxman, Jack Metz, Victor Herbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

In B(12) deficiency, inadequate DNA synthesis seems due in large measure to a block of tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) regeneration from 5-methyl THFA (via homocysteine transmethylation). In support of the above, homocysteine appears to facilitate and methionine to reduce de novo DNA synthesis. This was measured by the ability of deoxyuridine to suppress thymidine-(3)H uptake into DNA in human bone marrow cultures. The homocysteine effect in B(12)-deficient marrow supports the possibility that there is in man an additional B(12)-independent pathway for regeneration of THFA by methylation of homocysteine to form methionine. Among possible explanations for the methionine effect is end-product inhibition of the homocysteine transmethylase reaction, resulting in further accumulation of 5-methyl THFA. Homocysteine transmethylation may play an important role in the regulation of THFA availability and de novo DNA synthesis. In vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that methionine may be useful to potentiate and homocysteine to reduce methotrexate action.
Fucosyltransferases: Differential plasma and tissue alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
Authors: Winston L. Hutchinson, Ming-Qing Du, Philip J. Johnson, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

To determine whether abnormal metabolism of L-fucose in hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanied by alterations in the activities of fucosyltransferases, the latter were determined in plasma and liver tissue of patients with this disease and in cirrhotic and normal subjects. Activities of alpha-2/alpha-3 and alpha-6-L-fucosyltransferases were all significantly greater in plasma from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma than in plasma from cirrhotic patients or normal subjects (p less than 0.025). The activity of each enzyme was dependent, to a similar extent, on Mn2+, Mg2+ and triton X-10, irrespective of the source, and all displayed pH optimums in the range of 7.5 to 8.0. In contrast, activities of alpha-2/alpha-3 fucosyltransferases were significantly lower (p less than 0.025) in homogenates prepared from tumorous liver tissue than in that prepared from nontumorous tissue from hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic patients, whereas for the alpha-6 enzyme the situation was reversed (typically, tumor tissue levels were 5 pmol/hr/mg; in nontumor tissue they were 2 pmol/hr/mg). Activities of galactosyl and mannosyltransferase in tumor tissue were greater in all cases than in nontumor cirrhotic tissue. Plasma fucosyltransferases are specifically elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma but different mechanisms appear to underlie the changes seen for alpha-2/alpha-3 and alpha-6-L-fucosyltransferases.
Development of a novel endoscopic manipulation system: the Endoscopic Operation Robot ver.3
Authors: Keiichiro Kume, Nobuo Sakai, Takaaki Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and aims:</b> The next generation of flexible endoscopy platforms such as The Master and Slave Transluminal Endoscopic Robot (MASTER) is primarily for remote control manipulation of forceps, but manipulation of the flexible endoscope itself still depends on conventional techniques. We have developed the Endoscopic Operation Robot (EOR) ver.3, which incorporates haptic feedback to provide complete remote control flexible-endoscope manipulation. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of the EOR ver.3. <b>Method:</b> A colonoscopy training model was used with scope insertion to the cecum. Force during insertion and insertion time (seconds) to the cecum were evaluated. The data were compared by colon zone and experience level (trainee or expert). <b>Results:</b> The mean insertion time into the cecum was 118.54 ± 89.42 seconds. Stronger force and torque were required for deeper insertion of the scope. Expert and trainee endoscopists differed in the insertion time to the cecum, maximum counterclockwise torque, mean clockwise torque, and mean counterclockwise torque. <b>Conclusion:</b> The EOR ver.3 has operability with which endoscopists can easily familiarize themselves.
Parkinson's Syndrome
Authors: Albert C. England, Robert S. Schwab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Neurosurgical Procedures in Parkinson's DiseaseAfter fifty years of varied but unsuccessful attacks by neurosurgeons a most stimulating advance was begun about twenty years ago, when Russell Meyers45 reported his investigations on the ansa lenticularis. Since then it has become clear that tremor and rigidity may be significantly altered by lesions in the mesial aspect of the globus pallidus, the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus and the substantia nigra and midbrain tegmentum. Various methods of destruction are used, including alcohol in methylcellulose,46 a leukotome,47 electrocoagulation,48 procaine in beeswax,49 radioactive palladium50 and focused ultrasound.51 The areas mentioned may be approached from . . .
Aromatase Inhibitors and Bone Health in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Amy Jo Chien, Paul E. Goss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Article Tools Review Article Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.5382 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 17114665 Aromatase Inhibitors and Bone Health in Women With Breast Cancer Amy Jo ChienxAmy Jo ChienSearch for articles by this author , Paul E. GossxPaul E. GossSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.07.5382 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2006 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
92 Prediction of mortality in severe alcoholic hepatitis: Validation of lille model and comparison to other prognostic scores
Authors: A. Louvet, E. Diaz, F. Texier, S. Dharancy, J. Boitard, N. Biron, C. Plane, P. Deltenre, A. Hollebecque, V. Canva, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Beta 2 microglobulin in tear fluid from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: H M Markusse, J C Huysen, E J Nieuwenhuys, A J Swaak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

beta 2 Microglobulin concentration in tear fluid was measured in 35 patients with primary Sjögren9s syndrome (SS), in 28 normal control subjects matched for age and sex, and in 18 patients with arthralgias or myalgias and sicca complaints, in whom the diagnosis primary SS had been excluded. Increased beta 2 microglobulin concentrations were found in the patients with SS, but no correlation was found with the duration of the disease, age, or tear fluid production. Tear fluid beta 2 microglobulin determinations may be useful as an adjunctive diagnostic test for primary SS.