tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Testing: A Sociological Perspective
Authors: Dorothy Nelkin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Over the past decade, a bioethics industry has developed to explore the moral ambiguities fundamental to our increased technological ability to predict genetic disease. Prenatal testing is now routinely recommended for pregnant women who are in their mid-30s and older or who have family histories of serious congenital and genetic disease. The techniques for testing and the range of what tests can predict have been rapidly expanding, exacerbating the ethical dilemmas involved in acting on the accessibility of predictive information. In their book<i>Prenatal Testing</i>Kolker and Burke have approached the much debated moral dilemmas from a sociological perspective. Their intention is to explore "how prenatal diagnosis has been shaped by social forces and, in turn, has profoundly influenced the social construction of pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood." They have provided a useful review of currently available procedures, including not only amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and ultrasound, but also more recent
Prophylaxis against non-steroidal induced upper gastrointestinal side effects.
Authors: I Barrison
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

When considering prophylaxis certain aspects of the disease in question need to be established. What is the incidence? What is the natural history? What are the predisposing factors? Are the symptoms characteristic? What are the compliations? What are the costs of prophylaxis?
Physical Examination in Health and Disease
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The third edition of this text by one of the master clinicians in American medicine preserves many of the features that created the appeal of its previous versions. The approach to the patient and to the examining process is thorough, and described with careful illustrative detail. The clear and orderly presentation is logically arranged, citing first the normal and then the abnormal findings in each region. The book is well-printed, scrupulously indexed, and abundantly illustrated, although a few of the illustrations could be improved. The "venous star" of chapter 4, Fig 72, is almost invisible; the book might seem more contemporary if a year later than "1949" appeared on the back of the patient with dermatographism in Fig 74. These minor deficiencies do not detract, however, from the continued value and attractiveness of this work as one of the standard introductions for students beginning their careers as clinical examiners.
Reliability of video-based muscle flexibility measures in adolescent athletes
Authors: F Fourchet, M Buchheit, O Materne, C Horobeanu, T Hudacek, D Sebo, G P Millet
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Lower limbs muscle flexibility remains a common assessment in sports therapy. Nevertheless no clear consensus exists about the methods for performing reliable measurements. Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability of muscle flexibility measures in adolescent athletes. Design Randomised test-retest study. Setting Sports academy physiotherapy laboratory. Participants Height young athletes (age: 15.1±1.6, body mass: 65.4±26.2 kg, height: 171.7±8.8 cm) training in a national sports centre. Interventions Flexibility of the main lower limb muscles was assessed, using a standardised force of stretching for each muscle and a video analysis software for measuring the angles. Each participant was tested on both sides by three operators and on two separate occasions, 4 days apart. Final measurements were reported in degrees. Main outcome measurements Reliability of flexibility measures was assessed by 1) calculating the between-day difference expressed as Cohen's d (90% CI), no substantial difference was considered if Cohen's d&lt;0.2 and the 90% CI included zero, and 2) the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV, 90% CI). Results Force of stretching (in N), mean angle (SD), mean between-day difference and CV were 78.5, 132.2 (10.1), −0.05 (−0.3;0.2) and 8.3% (7.5;9.3) for quadriceps, 68.7, 70 (11.2), −0.7 (−1.7;0.4) and 3.3% (3.0;3.7) for hamstrings, 39.2, 53.5 (9.4), 0.05 (−0.2;0.3) and 7.2% (6.5–8.0) for adductors, 147.2, 16 (6.3), 0.10 (−0.1;0.3) and 5.7% (5.1;6.3) for gastrocnemius, 147.2, 30.6 (8.9), 0.01 (−0.2;0.2) and 4.5% (4.0;5.0) for soleus, 98.1, 22.7 (5.9), 0.01 (−0.2;0.2) and 2.6% (2.3;2.9) for hip flexors, 49.1, 54.7 (14.5), −0.04 (−0.2;0.2) and 9.6% (8.6;10.8) for hip medial rotator and 49.1, 43.5 (14.9), −0.08 (−0.3;0.1) and 18.2% (16.3;20.5) for hip lateral rotator. Conclusion The present method for assessing lower limb muscles flexibility has a moderate-to-good level reliability and may integrate prevention programs.
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: MANUEL M. R. GOMES, WILLIAM H. WEIDMAN, DWIGHT C. MCGOON, GORDON K. DANIELSON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The results of complete repair of double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis in 22 Mayo Clinic patients were analyzed. The overall mortality rate was 32%. Since 1960, the mortality rate has been reduced to 16%. Anomalies of the distribution of the right coronary artery, a second ventricular septal defect of the atrioventricular canal type, and significant residual pulmonic stenosis were associated with a higher mortality rate. The difficulties in the diagnosis of this uncommon condition are emphasized. Complete repair is best carried out after the patient is 4 years old. A systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt is the procedure of choice for those who are younger than this. In the occasional patient with anomalous distribution of the right coronary artery which precludes adequate relief of the pulmonic stenosis, use of an aortic homograft from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery should be considered.
Is Estradiol a Genotoxic Mutagenic Carcinogen?1
Authors: Joachim G. Liehr
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2000)

The natural hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2) induces tumors in various organs of rats, mice, and hamsters. In humans, slightly elevated circulating estrogen levels caused either by increased endogenous hormone production or by therapeutic doses of estrogen medications increase breast or uterine cancer risk. Several epigenetic mechanisms of tumor induction by this hormone have been proposed based on its lack of mutagenic activity in bacterial and mammalian cell test systems. More recent evidence supports a dual role of estrogen in carcinogenesis as a hormone stimulating cell proliferation and as a procarcinogen inducing genetic damage. Tumors may be initiated by metabolic conversion of E2 to 4-hydroxyestradiol catalyzed by a specific 4-hydroxylase (CYP1B1) and by further activation of this catechol to reactive semiquinone/quinone intermediates. Several types of direct and indirect free radical-mediated DNA damage are induced by E2, 4-hydroxyestradiol, or its corresponding quinone in cell-free systems, in cells in culture, and/or in vivo. E2 also induces various chromosomal and genetic lesions including aneuploidy, chromosomal aberrations, gene amplification, and microsatellite instability in cells in culture and/or in vivo and gene mutations in several cell test systems. These data suggest that E2 is a weak carcinogen and weak mutagen capable of inducing genetic lesions with low frequency. Tumors may develop by hormone receptor-mediated proliferation of such damaged cells.
Palliation of Malignant Gastric and Small Intestinal Strictures With Self-Expandable Metal Stents
Authors: M. R. Yates III, D. E. Morgan, T. H. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background: Malignant gastrointestinal obstruction is a common preterminal event that is often treated surgically. The use of self-expandable stents to treat malignant gastric and small intestinal strictures is limited. We evaluated the feasibility, effectiveness, safety and outcome of self-expandable metal stents in providing palliative care for patients with inoperable malignant strictures of the stomach and small intestine.
P1208 PREDICTION OF SEVERE CUTANEOUS REACTION DURING TRIPLE THERAPY IN HCV: VALIDATION OF A GWAS CANDIDATE GENETIC MARKER
Authors: E. Palescandolo, L. Vijgen, W. Talloen, M. Colombo, A. Mangia, H. Wedemeyer, R. Demasi, I. Lonjon-Domanec, J. Aerssens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Lysosomal and endosomal heterogeneity in the liver: A comparison of the intracellular pathways of endocytosis in rat liver cells
Authors: Grete M. Kindberg, Helge Tolleshaug, Tor Gjøen, Trond Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Air-filled albumin microspheres, asialoorosomucoid and formaldehyde-treated serum albumin are selectively taken up by endocytosis in rat liver Kupffer cells, parenchymal cells and endothelial cells, respectively. Intracellular transport and degradation of endocytosed material were studied by subcellular fractionation in sucrose and Nycodenz gradients after intravenous injection of the ligand. By using ligands labeled with 125I-tyramine-cellobiose, the subcellular distribution of labeled degradation products can be studied because they are trapped at the site of formation. The results show that the kinetics of intracellular transport are different in hepatic parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells. In endothelial cells, the ligand is associated with two types of endosomes during the first minutes after internalization and then is transferred rapidly to the lysosomes. In parenchymal cells, 125I-tyramine-cellobiose-asialoorosomucoid was located in a relatively slowly sedimenting vesicle during the first minute after internalization and subsequently in denser endosomes. Degradation of 125I-tyramine-cellobiose-asialoorosomucoid in parenchymal cells started later than that of 125I-tyramine-cellobiose-formaldehyde-treated serum albumin in endothelial cells. Furthermore, the ligand seemed to be transferred relatively slowly from endosomes to lysosomes, and most of the undegraded ligand was in the endosomes. The rate-limiting step of proteolysis in parenchymal cells is probably the transport from endosomes to lysosomes. In Kupffer cells, most 125I-tyramine-cellobiose-microspheres are found as undegraded material in very dense endosomes up to 3 hr after injection. After 20 hr, most of the ligand is degraded in lysosomes distributed at a lower density than the endosomes in Nycodenz and sucrose gradients.
MELD-XI SCORE AND FONTAN FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH SINGLE VENTRICLE PALLIATION FOR COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Gabriele Egidy Assenza, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Dionne Graham, Michael Job Landzberg, Koenraad J. Mortele, Chinweike Ukomadu, Anne Marie Valente, Massimo Volpe, Fred Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Influenza infection exerts prominent inflammatory and thrombotic effects on atherosclerotic plaques of apo E- deficient mice
Authors: Silvio Litovsky, Philip Wyde, Mohammad Madjid, Adeeba Akhtar, Sameh Naguib, Said Siadaty, Susan Sanati, Ward Casscells, Morteza Naghavi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Itraconazole-Didanosine Excipient Interaction
Authors: Francisco Moreno
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Itraconazole, recently approved for the treatment of blastomycosis and histoplasmosis (Sporanox, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Piscataway, NJ), is a triazole antifungal with important activity against other fungal pathogens, including<i>Candida albicans</i>and<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>.<sup>1</sup>Reports of significant drug interactions with concurrent itraconazole therapy include increased cyclosporine and digoxin concentrations and reduced itraconazole serum concentrations when administered with rifampin, phenytoin, antacids, and histamine-2 antagonists.<sup>1-3</sup>We report a case suggestive of reduced itraconazole absorption when taken with didanosine. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —In October 1992, a 35-year-old Hispanic man presented to our clinic with primary complaints of headache, nausea, and vomiting for approximately 2 weeks. The patient's medical history was significant for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptococcal meningitis. On successful completion of primary therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in May 1992 (cerebrospinal fluid lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, 1:20), he was enrolled in a "blinded" evaluation of either fluconazole (400 mg/d)
Sarcoidosis Involving the Lacrimal Gland
Authors: Guy G. Massry
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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Clinical medicine and research in the Netherlands.
Authors: P A Emerson, M S Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In November 1973 we undertook, on behalf of the British Council, a week's visit in the Netherlands to several medical schools, research establishments, and funding and health care organizations, including the Netherlands Ministry of Health and Environmental Hygiene.The medical schools visited were those of Amsterdam, Leiden, Rotterdam, and Groningen-at all of which we had most cordial and informative meetings.An Englishman immediately feels at home in Holland.There was no language problem as everybody we met
Bone and ageing.
Authors: J Dequeker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

That regular decay of nature which is called old age, is attended with changes which are easily detected in the dead body, and one of the principal of these is found in the bones, for they become thin in their shell and spongy in their texture. SIR ASTLEY COOPER, 1824Bone involution has become an important clinical problem and is of primary importance for the differentiation between bone loss with age and pathological bone loss.In order to eliminate this problem it is necessary to define bone loss (osteoporosis).The classical definition of osteoporosis by Albright and Reifenstein (1948), 'Too little bone, but what bone there is, is normal', has been widely accepted (Nordin, 1960; Saville, 1965; Dent and Watson, 1966; Harris and Heaney, 1969a).This fundamental definition has never been seriously challenged and a clear distinction made between osteoporosis and osteomalacia.Albright's definition does not define 'too little bone'.If this means too little by the standards for adults in the prime of life, many persons who have no symptoms have osteoporosis simply because physiological changes of ageing have affected their bone.In order to deter- mine the decline in skeletal mass some standard of normal is necessary. Skeletal mass and ageingWith increasing age there is a decrease in bone mass as measured in various ways.The radiographic density of finger bones and spinal column measured in vivo becomes less (Balz, Birkner, and Smith-Rohde,
Chemical regulation of epigenetic modifications: Opportunities for new cancer therapy
Authors: Yujun George Zheng, Jiang Wu, Ziyue Chen, Masha Goodman
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract Epigenetics is concerned about heritable changes in gene expression without alteration of the coding sequence. Epigenetic modification of chromatin includes methylation of genomic DNA as well as post‐translational modification of chromatin‐associated proteins, in particular, histones. The spectrum of histone and non‐histone modifications ranges from the addition of relatively small groups such as methyl, acetyl and phosphoryl groups to the attachment of larger moieties such as poly(ADP‐ribose) and small proteins ubiquitin or small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO). The combinatorial nature of DNA methylation and histone modifications constitutes a significant pathway of epigenetic regulation and considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. Chromatin modification has emerged as a new fundamental mechanism for gene transcriptional activity control associated with many cellular processes like proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Also it is increasingly recognized that epigenetic modifications constitute important regulatory mechanisms for the pathogenesis of malignant transformations. We review here the recent progress in the development of chemical inhibitors/activators that target different chromatin modifying enzymes. Such potent natural or synthetic modulators can be utilized to establish the quantitative contributions of epigenetic modifications in DNA regulated pathways including transcription, replication, recombination and repair, as well as provide leads for developing new cancer therapeutics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 5, 645–687, 2008
Mer tyrosine kinase promotes the survival of t(1;19)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the central nervous system (CNS)
Authors: Sarah Krause, Christian Pfeiffer, Susanne Strube, Ameera Alsadeq, Henning Fedders, Christian Vokuhl, Sonja Loges, Jonas Waizenegger, Isabel Ben-Batalla, Gunnar Cario, Anja Möricke, Martin Stanulla, Martin Schrappe, Denis M. Schewe
Journal: Blood (2014)
Vancomycin for Staphylococcal Shunt Site Infections in Patients on Regular Haemodialysis
Authors: S. Eykyn, I. Phillips, J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Six anuric patients with Scribner shunt site infections were treated by intermittent infusion of vancomycin into the shunt, and a satisfactory clinical response was obtained in five. Serum levels of the antibiotic were estimated frequently. From estimating serum levels and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin for a range of hospital staphylococci a dose of 1g. vancomycin every seven days is recommended as a suitable schedule for treating staphylococcal infection in this situation.
Nasopharyngeal Airway: A Facilitated Access to the Trachea
Authors: Adam Wanner, Abraham Zighelboim, Marvin A. Sackner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The use of a soft latex nasopharyngeal airway provides reliable access to the trachea for nasotracheal suction and bronchofiberscopy. Passage of a suction catheter through the airway into the trachea was viewed by direct fiberoptic laryngoscopy in 10 subjects. Employing the technique of advancing the suction catheter slowly and only during the inspiratory phase of respiration, we found that it traversed the vocal cords in 34 of 41 trials. The nasopharyngeal airway eliminates the disadvantages of blind nasotracheal suction by guiding the suction catheter directly to the trachea and protecting the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa. Effective tracheobronchial toilet can be easily performed and intubation or tracheostomy often avoided in the care of patients with retained secretions. Finally, the nasopharyngeal airway facilitates the introduction of the bronchofiberscope under local anesthesia for bedside diagnostic and therapeutic procedures both in adults and children.
A Pregnancy and Postpartum Lifestyle Intervention in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Diabetes Risk Factors
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara, Monique M. Hedderson, Cheryl L. Albright, Samantha F. Ehrlich, Charles P. Quesenberry, Tiffany Peng, Juanran Feng, Jenny Ching, Yvonne Crites
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To pilot, among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the feasibility of a prenatal/postpartum intervention to modify diet and physical activity similar to the Diabetes Prevention Program. The intervention was delivered by telephone, and support for breastfeeding was addressed.The goal was to help women return to their prepregnancy weight, if it was normal, or achieve a 5% reduction from prepregnancy weight if overweight. Eligible participants were identified shortly after a GDM diagnosis; 83.8% consented to be randomly assigned to intervention or usual medical care (96 and 101 women, respectively). The retention was 85.2% at 12 months postpartum.The proportion of women who reached the postpartum weight goal was higher, although not statistically significant, in the intervention condition than among usual care (37.5 vs. 21.4%, absolute difference 16.1%, P=0.07). The intervention was more effective among women who did not exceed the recommended gestational weight gain (difference in the proportion of women meeting the weight goals: 22.5%, P=0.04). The intervention condition decreased dietary fat intake more than the usual care (condition difference in the mean change in percent of calories from fat: -3.6%, P=0.002) and increased breastfeeding, although not significantly (condition difference in proportion: 15.0%, P=0.09). No differences in postpartum physical activity were observed between conditions.This study suggests that a lifestyle intervention that starts during pregnancy and continues postpartum is feasible and may prevent pregnancy weight retention and help overweight women lose weight. Strategies to help postpartum women overcome barriers to increasing physical activity are needed.
Influence of donor cardiopulmonary arrest in human liver transplantation: Possible role of ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Eishi Totsuka, John J. Fung, Atsushi Urakami, Natalia Moras, Tomohiro Ishii, Katsuro Takahashi, Shunji Narumi, Kenichi Hakamada, Mutsuo Sasaki
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Hepatic allografts from donors who have suffered a brief cardiopulmonary arrest may sustain ischemic damage before organ procurement. However, there is no reported correlation between donor cardiopulmonary arrest and hepatic allograft dysfunction. On the other hand, brief ischemia-reperfusion injury has been shown experimentally to result in protection in several organ models. Induction of ischemic tolerance has been called ischemic preconditioning. Our objective was to study the influence of brief donor cardiopulmonary arrest on hepatic allograft outcome in human liver transplantation. Between May 1997 and July 1998, 181 consecutive orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) cases were divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of donor cardiopulmonary arrest. Group A consisted of 37 donors who suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest. Group B consisted of the remaining 144 patients. Liver graft survival within 90 days of OLT and early postoperative graft function were analyzed. Although there was significant liver damage resulting from circulatory failure during cardiopulmonary arrest before organ procurement in group A, graft survival was not affected. After OLT, the mean peak aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase concentrations in group A (1, 444.1 and 718.2 U/L) were significantly lower than those in group B (2,382.8 and 1,507.3 U/L) (P <.05). Experiences of brief cardiopulmonary arrest in organ donors did not affect post-OLT hepatic allograft survival and function. Although the liver function tests are elevated in an organ donor, the hepatic allograft is suitable for OLT if the liver damage is induced by brief donor cardiopulmonary arrest.