tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculating bone-lead measurement variance.
Authors: A C Todd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The technique of (109)Cd-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements of lead in bone is well established. A paper by some XRF researchers [Gordon CL, et al. The Reproducibility of (109)Cd-based X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Bone Lead. Environ Health Perspect 102:690-694 (1994)] presented the currently practiced method for calculating the variance of an in vivo measurement once a calibration line has been established. This paper corrects typographical errors in the method published by those authors; presents a crude estimate of the measurement error that can be acquired without computational peak fitting programs; and draws attention to the measurement error attributable to covariance, an important feature in the construct of the currently accepted method that is flawed under certain circumstances.
Hematologic differences in heterophile‐positive and heterophile‐negative infectious mononucleosis
Authors: K.C. Ventura, S.D. Hudnall
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Infectious mononucleosis (IM) due to all causes is characterized by atypical lymphocytosis. We sought to compare hematologic parameters of infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection (heterophile antibody (HA) positive) with mononucleosis due to other causes. Mono‐Latex Slide Agglutination Test results and complete blood counts (CBC) of 147 patients with mononucleosis were retrospectively analyzed. Leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, and presence of atypical lymphocytes in EBV‐positive and EBV‐negative groups were statistically compared. We analyzed 68 EBV‐positive and 79 EBV‐negative cases. EBV‐positive patients were significantly younger than EBV‐negative patients were. Mean total WBC count and mean absolute lymphocyte count were significantly higher in EBV‐positive patients. Absolute lymphocytosis, absolute leukocytosis, and atypical lymphocytosis were also significantly more frequent in EBV‐positive patients. Leukopenia was more frequently seen in EBV‐negative patients. Am. J. Hematol. 76:315–318, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GlyCAM-1, a physiologic ligand for L-selectin, activates beta 2 integrins on naive peripheral lymphocytes.
Authors: S T Hwang, M S Singer, P A Giblin, T A Yednock, K B Bacon, S I Simon, S D Rosen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Naive T cells are selectively recruited from the blood into peripheral lymph nodes during lymphocyte recirculation. L-selectin, a lectin-like receptor, mediates the initial attachment of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymph nodes. A subsequent step involving the activation of beta 2 integrins has been proposed to facilitate firm adhesion, but the activating signals are poorly understood. We report here that either antibody-mediated cross-linking of L-selectin on human lymphocytes or treatment of the cells with GlyCAM-1, an HEV-derived, secreted ligand for L-selectin, stimulates their binding to ICAM-1 through the beta 2 integrin pathway. Furthermore, GlyCAM-1 causes the rapid expression of a neoepitope on beta 2 integrins associated with a high-avidity state. Naive (CD45RA+), but not memory (CD45R0+) lymphocytes, respond to L-selectin cross-linking or GlyCAM-1 treatment. Thus, the complexing of L-selectin by specific ligands may provide key signals to naive lymphocytes, contributing to their selective recruitment into peripheral lymphoid organs.
ALLHAT, or the Soft Science of the Secondary End Point
Authors: David B. Neely
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 July 2004ALLHAT, or the Soft Science of the Secondary End PointDavid B. Neely, MDDavid B. Neely, MDFrom Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Messerli (1) made several thoughtful points in his article on the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). For example, even though a drug's effect on the risk for diabetes would not be expected to translate into short-term measurable cardiovascular events, the long-term consequences are a concern. However, taken as a whole, Messerli's essay seems to reflect his conflict-of-interest statement, in which he listed 21 companies. These companies do not make money pushing diuretics. Doctors will continue to maintain that their influence cannot be bought and that it is impolite to suggest otherwise. ...References1. Messerli FH. ALLHAT, or the soft science of the secondary end point. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:777-80. [PMID: 14597462] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cialdini RB. Influence: Science and Practice. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Allyn & Bacon; 2000. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoALLHAT, or the Soft Science of the Secondary End Point Franz H. Messerli ALLHAT: Setting the Record Straight Barry R. Davis , Curt D. Furberg , Jackson T. Wright Jr. , Jeffrey A. Cutler , Paul Whelton , and Metrics Cited ByPublishing Commentary by Authors with Potential Conflicts of Interest: When, Why, and HowThe Editors 6 July 2004Volume 141, Issue 1Page: 77KeywordsDiureticsDrugsMyocardial infarction ePublished: 6 July 2004 Issue Published: 6 July 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Syrosingopine
Authors: Carl C. Bartels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

RAUWOLFIA preparations have been widely accepted in the treatment of hypertension since they were introduced by Vakil1 in 1949 and Wilkins and his associates2 in 1952. They are simple to administer and have a wide margin of safety. Troublesome side effects of depression, lethargy, sedation, nasal congestion, increased appetite, nightmares, headaches and gastrointestinal symptoms have become well recognized. Depression, which is the most serious of these side effects, has reached the point of suicide in some cases. It may develop insidiously even after three years of treatment.The type and frequency of side effects and the blood-pressure response vary little . . .
Case 29-1962
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA forty-nine-year-old man entered the hospital because of a cough and a noise in the chest.Seven months before admission the patient began to notice a "rattling noise" in the left upper portion of the chest during expiration; it was increased by lying on the left side and was relieved by lying on the right side. The noise was not affected by a cough, which was productive of small amounts of yellowish sputum. He also experienced a mild sensation of pressure deep in the left parasternal area. Two months before entry an episode of fever, weakness, malaise . . .
Neurocognitive Training in Patients with Bipolar Disorders: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Inmaculada Fuentes-Durá, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz, Anabel Martínez-Arán, Manuel Girón, Brisa Solé, José Sánchez-Moreno, Manuel Gómez-Beneyto, Eduard Vieta, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)
F-18 FDG Uptake in Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Gregory Ravizzini, Gustavo S. P. Meirelles, Steven M. Horwitz, Ravinder K. Grewal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 41-year-old male presented to an outside institution complaining of a lump under the skin of his right abdomen. CT scan reported ill-defined densities with streaky inflammatory changes in the anterior abdominal wall. Excisional biopsy of the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the right anterior abdominal wall was consistent with subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. Flow cytometry demonstrated CD3+ and CD8+ population. On immunohistochemistry, most lymphoid cells were positive for CD3, CD45RO, CD5, and CD8 and negative for CD10, CD43, CD4, CD20, and CD56. The MIB-1 proliferative index was 30%. Bone marrow biopsy revealed no evidence of lymphomatous involvement.
THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND TREATMENT OF BRIGHT'S DISEASE.
Authors: ALFRED C. CROFTAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>THE MODERN CONCEPTION OF BRIGHT'S DISEASE.</h3> The determining feature of Bright's disease is high arterial tension, with resulting cardiovascular changes. The latter lead to nutritional disorders in various parts of the body, and particularly in those organs that are supplied by end-arteries, viz., the kidneys, retina and brain. The old idea that in Bright's disease the kidneys are always primarily involved, and that as a result of renal inadequacy certain toxic products are retained that produce the cardiovascular changes and the eye and brain symptoms, is untenable, for many cases of Bright's disease occur in which the kidneys are not involved until very late in the course of the disease, long after cardiac hypertrophy, retinitis, albuminurica and brain symptoms have appeared. True, there are many infections and intoxications of an acute character in which the kidneys are primarily affected. Most of these nephritides, however, run their course without any involvement of the heart, the arteries, the retina or the brain.
Points: Overwork and waste in orthopaedics
Authors: P J F Wade
Journal: BMJ (1984)

September, p 591) confirmed brain death in the usual way before resuscitation was finally abandoned after four hours.The usual tests of brain death are tests of brain stem function.These tests should be preceded by essential preconditions and necessary exclusions.An essential precondition is irremediable structural brain damage.A necessary exclusion is acute intoxication.'In their patient neither of these criteria was satisfied.Their patient had not responded to intensive resuscitation and had remained hypotensive and anuric.As there had been no recovery and no prospect of recovery it may have been reasonable to discontinue resuscita- tion.It is not possible to use tests of brain death to support this decision as it was impossible to meet the currently accepted preconditions and exclusions which are required to give the tests validity.
The choice between splenectomy and medical treatment in patients with advanced agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Jochanan Benbassat, Dan Gilon, Shmuel Penchas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract The objective of the study was to explore the risks and benefits of splenectomy in advanced agnogenic myelod metaplasia (AMM). We searched the literature (Medline, 1970‐1987) for studies of postoperative survival, operative mortality and effects of splenectomy on painful splenomegaly, and portal hypertension or transfusion requirements in patients with AMM. We employed formal decision analysis to determine the relative value of medical and surgical treatment of advanced AMM. Results of data synthesis showed that splenectomy in AMM is associated with an operative mortality of 13.4% (95% confidence intervals (Cl): 9.5‐1 ‐17.2%), an early morbidity of 45.3% (Cl: 39.6‐51.1%), and a late morbidity of 16.3% (Cl: 9.9‐22.5%). Almost all patients with portal hypertension and painful splenomegaly, but only about half of those with thrombopenia and anemia were reported to have experienced relief in their symptoms or signs after splenectomy. We found no evidence that splenectomy affects survival in AMM. We concluded that splenectomy in advanced AMM is a palliative procedure that carries a substantial risk. It may be considered for symptomatic patients after they have been informed about the operative mortality, morbidity, and chances of palliation. Decisions about treatment of advanced AMM should be guided predominantly by the patient's preferences.
Cancer and Psychosocial Traits, Continued
Authors: George F. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The worthwhile prospective study by Zonderman et al, 1 which found that self-reports of depression do not predict cancer in a 10-year follow-up, does not definitively refute my quoted statement that emotional factors can play a role in the onset and course of cancer. Two possible combinations of state/trait psychological characteristics could account for the (likely valid in terms of methodology utilized) findings. I have postulated the existence of an immunosuppression-prone personality pattern that is akin to the type C or cancer-prone pattern and to the concept of alexithymia. 2 All these constructs include difficulty being aware of and communicating one's feelings. Lack of emotional expressiveness has been linked to psychosomatic processes by a number of investigators. 3   The first explanation for lack of correlation between apparently chronic depression and cancer might be that only in immunosuppresion-prone people, those with particular personality and coping style patterns, does
A NEW AND SIMPLE METHOD OF TRANSFUSION
Authors: A. R. KIMPTON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Every surgeon experienced in arterial surgery appreciates the technical difficulties in transfusing blood from one individual to another. Even after getting donor and recipient connected by whatever method one is using, how common a remark is the following: Is it running? and its answer, I think so, or I'm not sure. The quantity of blood transfused is always uncertain. It is probably always overestimated. A little is usually enough, probably not more than two ounces in newborn babies. The danger of a septic wrist to the donor is no small risk, although it seldom happens. It is extremely hard to get the patients together without a break in asepsis. Most men do not wear gloves when doing a transfusion—no doubt a small matter—but with the following method one does wear gloves and a perfect asepsis is easily maintained. By the ordinary method the discomfort of the surgeon is frequently great,
Production of the novel C-C chemokine MCP-4 by airway cells and comparison of its biological activity to other C-C chemokines.
Authors: C Stellato, P Collins, P D Ponath, D Soler, W Newman, G La Rosa, H Li, J White, L M Schwiebert, C Bickel, M Liu, B S Bochner, T Williams, R P Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4) is a newly identified C-C chemokine with potent eosinophil chemoattractant properties. We describe studies of its biological activity in vitro to induce chemotaxis of peripheral blood eosinophils and to induce histamine release from IL-3-primed peripheral blood basophils. MCP-4 and eotaxin caused a similar rise in eosinophil intracytoplasmic Ca2+ and complete cross-desensitization. MCP-4 also abolished the eosinophil Ca2+ response to MCP-3 and partially desensitized the response to macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. MCP-4 activated cell migration via either CCR2b or CCR3 in mouse lymphoma cells transfected with these chemokine receptors. MCP-4 inhibited binding of 125I-eotaxin to eosinophils and CCR3-transfected cells and inhibited 125I-MCP-1 binding to CCR2b-transfectants. MCP-4 mRNA was found in cells collected in bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects and was prominently expressed in human lung and heart. MCP-4 mRNA was expressed in several human bronchial epithelial cell lines after cytokine stimulation. Pretreatment of BEAS-2B epithelial cells with the glucocorticoid budesonide inhibited MCP-4 mRNA expression. These features make MCP-4 a candidate for playing a role in eosinophil recruitment during allergic respiratory diseases.
Intermittent Ventricular Parasystole Due to Entrance Block Failure
Authors: THOMAS G. STEFFENS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

An interaction between three pacemakers (one artificial) has made possible a number of observations on the nature of intermittent parasystole. Evidence shows that the intermittency is due to temporary failure of entrance block. The fixed coupling of the first beat of an intermittent series is observed to be a consequence of temporary entrance block failure rather than a manifestation of a more complex mechanism. The records also demonstrate that the reason for failure of the entrance block may be due to preferential penetration of the parasystolic focus early in its diastole.
Lung Cancer: Unwanted Equality for Women
Authors: Paul D. Stolley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN a timely and provocative article concerned with sex differences in patterns of morbidity, mortality and medical-care utilization, Lewis and Lewis, elsewhere in this week's issue, ask whether women's fuller participation in the nation's economic life will cause them "to die like men." Although it is not clear to what extent the cited sex differences in illness and survivorship are biologically or environmentally determined, at least one environmentally induced disease that has plagued men is now affecting women at an increasing rate: carcinoma of the lung. The age-adjusted deathrate for lung cancer for females in the United States doubled over . . .
Optimizing arterial switch outcomes in medium-sized programs by regional sharing
Authors: George Alfieris, Gul H. Dadlani, Roger P. Vermilion, Frank C. Smith, Nader H. Atallah-Yunes, Carol E. Dawson, Regina C. Cable, Endel J. Orav, Winston E. Gaum, Steven E. Lipshultz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Methylmethacrylic cement and fat embolism.
Authors: A W Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Pulse Rate 37 patients on halothane Femur .10+ 10 92 ± 75 -3 13 + 13 370 + 189 +2 Socket .. 7 + 5 127 + 161 -2 9 ± 10 413 + 204 +1 13 patients with neuro- leptanaesthesia and controlled ventilation Femur 13 + 11-0 86 + 126 0 22 + 91 307 + 125 +7 Socket .. 12 + 8-9 33 + 36 -2 23 + 18 445 + 164 +2 8 patients with subcapital fracture of femur .. 11-0 + 54 28-0 ± 15-2 -8 15 _ 26 159 + 125 -4Times of lowest and highest B.P. given in seconds from the start of insertion of cement.finding, however, was the fact that in six out of eight cases halothane had to be with- drawn from the anaesthetic before the sur- gical procedure began because of its effect on the blood pressure.Any potentially hypo- tensive anaesthetic agent must be used cautiously in these elderly patients, as the implantation of acrylic may then be an added risk.-We are, etc.,
Testosterone and Atherosclerosis Progression in Men
Authors: Shalender Bhasin, Karen Herbst
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

There is a widespread perception that the gender differences in the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) are due to higher testosterone concentrations in men and that testosterone supplementation in men would adversely affect the plasma lipoprotein profile, therefore increasing the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. The case reports of cardiovascular accidents among athletes who had abused androgenic steroids have strengthened this notion; however, there are no data substantiating a cause-and-effect relationship between androgens and cardiovascular disease. The manuscript by Fukui et al. (1) in this issue of Diabetes Care adds to a growing body of epidemiological data demonstrating that low testosterone concentrations in men are associated with a higher risk of CAD.

Since there are currently no intervention studies of the effects of long-term testosterone administration on CAD, inferences about the risks of testosterone administration have been derived from studies assessing the effect of testosterone on lipoprotein metabolism, markers of inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. The effects of androgen supplementation on plasma lipids depend on the dose, the route of administration (oral or parenteral), the type of androgen (aromatizable or not), and the subject population (whether young or old and hypogonadal or not). While supraphysiological doses of testosterone and nonaromatizable androgens undoubtedly decrease plasma HDL cholesterol levels (2–4), physiologic testosterone replacement in older men has been associated with only a modest or no decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol (5,6). Cross-sectional studies of middle-aged men (7) find a direct, rather than inverse, relationship between serum testosterone levels and plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. It has also been suggested that the decrease in HDL cholesterol with testosterone administration might be the …
Editor Jour. Am. Med. Assoc'n:
Authors: Mary A. Whery
Journal: JAMA (1891)

—The college anboys. 26 Madison St., Ft. Wayne, Ind. nouncements of this summer prove that the discussions in past years regarding the improvement of medical education have had considerable effect. The usual directions in which changes for the better are made are in requiring more exact proofs of a good preliminary education, and in increasing the number of courses of college study. There is yet another simple method of securing increased efficiency in the graduates by adding one or two years to the minimum age for graduation. It would not be much of a hardship if it were the rule that the degree of M.D. should not be conferred on a student less than twenty-three years old. Most students are of this age when they graduate. This age is early enough to undertake the responsible duties of a medical practitioner, and the desiderated maturity of intellect, and preparatory literary education
The noninvasive diagnosis of right ventricular infarction.
Authors: D N Sharpe, E H Botvinick, D M Shames, N B Schiller, B M Massie, K Chatterjee, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We evaluated scintigraphy and echocardiography for the diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) infarction. Of 26 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction (MI), six with inferior MI had abnormal radionuclide uptake localized to the RV free wall on infarct scintigraphy or segmental akinesis of the RV free wall on gated radioangiography or both. These six patients with RV involvement (group I) were compared with the remaining nine with inferior MI (group II) and 11 with anterior MI (group III). RV/LV area ratios determined radioangiographically were significantly greater in group I than group II in diastole and systole. Echocardiographic RV enddiastolic dimension and RV/LV end-diastolic dimension ratio were significantly greater and RV stroke work index was significantly lower in group I than in group II. Predominant RV involvement in inferior MI may occur commonly. Anatomic and functional evidence of this diagnosis can be obtained noninvasively.
Genes, growth factors and acanthosis nigricans
Authors: D. Torley, G.A. Bellus, C.S. Munro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Acanthosis nigricans (AN) occurs most commonly in association with hyperinsulinaemia and more rarely as a paraneoplastic syndrome. It is also a feature of several genetic disorders. Indirect evidence suggests a role for tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor signalling in the pathogenesis of AN. Defects in the insulin receptor gene causing insulin resistance and AN are well recognized, but recent data in several other syndromes of this association, including lipodystrophic disorders, have identified causative defects in other pathways. The mechanism of AN due to insulin resistance is most probably direct or indirect activation of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor by high levels of circulating insulin. However, more direct evidence for abnormal tyrosine kinase receptor signalling in AN has been provided by studies of craniosynostosis and skeletal dysplasia syndromes with AN, which have identified activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors.