tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 33: Videolaryngoscopy Improves EMS Intubation Success in Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Kenneth P Rothfield, Kevin G Seaman, Michelle Duell, Joseph E Pellegrini
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Emergency intubation by prehospital providers may be associated with a high rate of complications, including intubation failure, multiple attempts, and esophageal intubation, with increased errors noted in providers that perform intubation infrequently(1-3). Compared to conventional laryngoscopy (CL), the Glidescope (GS) videolaryngoscope (Verathon, Bothell WA) requires less training, and may be used safely by providers less skilled in intubation (4,5). In Howard County, Maryland, the intubation success rate by EMS personnel in 2009 was approximately 61%. The GS was considered as a potential tool for performance improvement. The purpose of this prospective, descriptive study was to determine the success rates and complications encountered after the implementation of GS for emergency intubation by EMS providers in Howard County. Methods: After IRB and Maryland State EMS Board approval, GS Ranger units were acquired and incrementally placed on 12 EMS vehicles. Prior to implementation all paramedics received didactics and simulator training on the GS. Variables measured included indication for intubation, number of attempts, time to intubation, success rates, rescue airway requirements and intubating conditions. Conventional laryngoscopy (CL) and the King LTD were identified as rescue airway devices. Results: A total of 42 emergency intubations for cardiac arrest were evaluated during the first 90 days of the study. Overall intubation success was 95% (p&lt;0.05), with 60% first pass success when GS was used. The King LTD was used successfully in 1 patient. Only 2 patients did not have a secured airway on transport to the ED. Average time for a successful intubation attempt was 23 seconds. Of note, there were no esophageal intubations, dental or soft tissue injuries. Conclusions: Following minimal training, prehospital providers intubate with a higher success rate when GS is available. These results should prompt further evaluation of videolaryngoscopy by EMS systems. References: 1.Cobas, et al. Anesth Analg 2009:109, 489-93. 2.Katz et al. Ann Em Med 2001:37, 32-37. 3.Wang et al. Health Affairs 2006:25, 501-09 4.Nouruzi-Sedeh et al. Anesthesiology 2009:110, 32-37. 5.Rothfield et al. ASA Late Breaking Abstract #16, 2010.
Abstract 2828: The Relationship Of Left Ventricular Structure And Function With Subclinical Measures Of Atherosclerosis: The Multi-ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hossein Bahrami, João A Lima, Lyndia Brumback, Susan R Heckbert, Richard Cooper, Gregory Hundley, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Shantanu Sinha, David A Bluemke
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Left ventricular (LV) structure and function are important independent predictors of cardiovascular events, but the relationship of these parameters to indices of subclinical atherosclerosis has not been evaluated in an asymptomatic population. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) includes 6,814 men and women, aged 45– 85 years; white, African-American, Hispanics, and Chinese. LV parameters were measured by MRI. Measures of subclinical atherosclerosis included carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) determined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography and coronary artery calcification (CAC) defined as phantom-adjusted Agatston calcium score from brightness adjusted CT images. Results: In univariable analyses, LV mass index, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) were significantly associated with both the presence and the extent of CAC as well as with carotid IMT (Table ). But after adjustment for traditional risk factors, the magnitudes of the associations decreased considerably. Although the relationship of LV mass with carotid IMT and CAC remained statistically significant, the associations of LVEF and EDV with CAC and IMT were not significant in multivariable analyses. LV ejection fraction and LV end-diastolic volume were also associated with CAC and IMT in univariable analyses, but these associations were not significant in multivariable analyses. Although there was no significant effect modification by ethnicity, the association of LV mass with CAC was stronger in African Americans and Hispanics, compared to Caucasians and Chinese Americans. Conclusions: Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with increased LV mass and decreased LV function. However, these associations may be in part due to the relationship of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis with LV structure and function, independent of an atherosclerotic process.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of plasma thioredoxin-1 for patient enrichment of PX-12 clinical trials.
Authors: Michael Boice, Linda Pestano, Eric Ferreira, Diane Swanlund, Laurie Baronic, Alton Hiscox, Amanda Baker, Tomislav Dragovich, Ramesh Ramanathan, James Abbruzzese, Daniel Von Hoff, D. Kirkpatrick
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

4453   PX-12, a novel irreversible thioredoxin (Trx-1) inhibitor is currently being evaluated in a number of clinical trials. Its molecular target, Trx-1, is over-expressed in many human cancers and is associated with aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. Cancer patients have been found to have increased circulating levels of Trx-1 over healthy volunteers and these levels drop after surgical removal of tumor burden. In a previous Phase I study, PX-12 treatment lowered circulating levels of Trx-1 in patients treated with either a one or 3-hour infusion, and a Trx-1 decrease of 25% or greater was associated with increased survival. The current study has examined the Trx-1 levels in the serum of patients receiving PX-12 in two subsequent clinical trials. Blood samples were obtained from all patients pre-dose (PD), end of infusion (EI), and times up to 240 min post infusion. Plasma Trx-1 protein was measured by ELISA. Plasma was also obtained from 89 healthy volunteers and Trx-1 measured. The results show that, similar to other published studies, healthy individuals have a range of Trx-1 protein of 1.5 to 19.8 ng/mL with a median of 5.4 ng/mL. Cancer patients in both past and current trials had Trx-1 levels ranging from 4.0 to 324 ng/mL. In an ongoing Phase 1b study of patients with advance gastrointestinal cancers, plasma Trx-1 levels ranged from 5.3 to 40.0 ng/mL and in an ongoing Phase II trial of advanced pancreatic patients plasma Trx-1 levels have ranged from 4.0 to 34.1 ng/mL. Based on the Trx-1 levels observed in normal individuals, a cut off of 18 ng/mL was chosen to stratify the data from patients in each of the current clinical trials that are still accruing patients. It was found that patients with Trx-1 levels of less than 18 ng/mL did not exhibit a significant drop in Trx-1 following treatment with PX-12. Only those patients with starting Trx-1 levels of >18 ng/mL displayed a lowering of plasma Trx-1 following PX-12 treatment. Of the 16 patients analyzed to date in the Phase 1b trial, all patients who achieved stable disease (SD) were in the group with starting Trx-1 levels >18 ng/mL. Additionally, in the Phase II study the only patient to date to achieve SD had a starting plasma Trx-1 level >18 ng/mL. All patients in both studies who were shown to have SD achieved a significant lowering in plasma Trx-1 during the first few cycles of treatment with PX-12. Hence the data suggests that some cancer patients have plasma Trx-1 levels above the normal upper limit of 18 ng/mL, and these patients are more likely to benefit from treatment with PX-12 as demonstrated by SD. Although preliminary, the data suggest that by using circulating Trx-1 levels, it may be possible to enrich for a population of patients that more likely to respond to Trx-1 inhibitor PX-12.
Abstract 16155: Identification of Clinical Factors in Cell Therapy Trials That Determine Recovery versus Deterioration of LV Function Following STEMI
Authors: Jay H Traverse, Lem Moye, Timothy D Henry
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  The recovery of LV function following STEMI may be highly variable due to resolution of myocardial stunning and other factors. The identification of clinical factors that may be predictive of either recovery or deterioration of LV function would be valuable in identifying patients who may benefit from participation in cell therapy trials.   Methods and Results:  To determine these clinical metrics, we analyzed patients in the NHLBI TIME (n= 120) and TIME Pilot Trials (n=40). Patients with Recovery of LV function (Age=56) were identified as those patients with baseline LVEF    Conclusion:  Deterioration of LV function following STEMI is associated with an increased LV mass at baseline and a failure to significantly reduce infarct size over 6 months. In contrast, many patients with reduced LV function at baseline will show significant recovery of LV function by 6 months that is associated with marked reduction in infarct size irrespective of receiving cell therapy.
Abstract 55: Ventricular Fibrillation remains the Primary Presenting Rhythm: Results from the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Human Study
Authors: Hao Wang, Wanchun Tang, Min-Shan Tsai, Yongqin Li, Max H Weil
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background. Clinical studies during the last 2 decades have demonstrated a progressive decrease in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the presenting rhythm in settings of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). In the present study, we investigated the initial rhythm of SCA from data recorded in a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) which collected these events in real time. Hypothesis. In settings of out-of-hospital SCA, VF remains the leading cause. Methods and Results. The incidence and the type of arrhythmias were determined by reviewing stored electrocardiograms in the WCDs. Seventy-four consecutive WCD recipients and 108 events were analyzed. Patients with a previously implanted ICD that required change due to infection were the most prevalent recipients of WCDs. Fifty-one percent were VF/VT patients and 43.8% were pulseless electrical activity (PEA) patients. VF/VT was the initial rhythm of SCA in 79.7% of patients and 86.1% of events while the PEA occurred in 20.3% of patients and 13.9% of events. 84.5% of patients survived VF/VT and 18.8% of patients survived PEA. There was no difference in the characteristics of patients with different initial rhythms. Conclusions. In out-of-hospital settings, VF remains the predominant initial rhythm when recorded immediately following SCA. .
Abstract 11469: Prediction of Coronary Artery Stenosis without Stress Test in Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Wall Motion: Segmental Analyses Using Strain Imaging Diastolic Index
Authors: Bei Yang, Masao Daimon, Katsuhisa Ishii, Takayuki Kawata, Sakiko Miyazaki, Kuniaki Hirose, Ryoko Ichikawa, Hiromasa Suzuki, Katsumi Miyauchi, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Non-invasive detection of coronary artery stenosis usually requires a stress test in patients without regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) at rest. On the other hand, abnormal regi...
A 20-month follow-up study of 628 women with eating disorders, I: Course and severity
Authors: J Yager, J Landsverk, C K Edelstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

A national sample of 628 women with eating disorders completed questionnaires in 1982 and again in 1984. According to initial simulated DSM-III diagnoses, 34 had anorexia nervosa with bulimic features, 392 had normal-weight bulimia, and 202 had a subdiagnostic eating disorder. Most respondents in the latter two groups met some criteria for alternative eating disorders. At follow-up, 29% of the anorexia nervosa group and 43% of the normal-weight bulimia group had improved enough to be classified as having a subdiagnostic disorder. Respondents who sought professional help between the initial survey and follow-up reported no more improvement than those who did not seek help.
Abstract 13874: Elevated [Na <sup>+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> in Cardiac Myocytes from Diabetic Rats Due to Enhanced Na <sup>+</sup> - Glucose Cotransport
Authors: Rebekah Lambert, Sarah Srodulski, Xiaoli Peng, Kenneth B Margulies, Florin Despa, Sanda Despa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Intracellular Na + concentration ([Na + ] i ) is a key regulator of cardiac Ca 2+ cycling, contractility and metabolism. [Na + ] i is elevated in myocytes from failing hearts, leading to arrhythmias and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that myocyte [Na + ] i is also increased in type-2 diabetes (T2D) due to enhanced activity of the Na + -glucose cotransporter (SGLT). To test this hypothesis, we used myocardial tissue from humans with T2D and an animal model of late-onset T2D (HIP rats). We found increased SGLT expression in failing hearts from patients with T2D compared to non-diabetic individuals (by 55±16%) and in HIP rat hearts ( vs . age-matched wild-type, WT, littermates; by 59±17%). [Na + ] i , measured with the fluorescent indicator SBFI, is increased in myocytes from diabetic HIP rats, both at rest (14.7±0.9 mM compared to 11.4±0.7 mM in WT) and during electrical stimulation at 2 Hz (17.3±0.8 mM vs . 15.0±0.7 mM in WT). However, the Na + /K + -pump function (measured as the rate of pump-mediated [Na + ] i decline in intact myocytes) is not significantly altered in diabetic HIP rats. This result suggests that higher [Na + ] i is due to an increased Na + entry in HIP rat myocytes. Indeed, Na + influx, assessed as the rate of [Na + ] i rise upon Na + /K + -pump inhibition with 10 mM ouabain, was significantly larger in myocytes from diabetic HIP vs . WT rats (1.74±0.13 mM/min vs . 1.27±0.07 mM/min). SGLT inhibition with 250 μM phlorizin significantly reduced Na + influx in myocytes from diabetic HIP rats (to 1.08±0.20 mM/min), while it had no effect in the WT (1.14±0.21 mM/min). Phlorizin also significantly decreased glucose uptake in HIP rat myocytes (by 50±10 %) but not in WT, indicating an increased reliance on SGLT for glucose uptake in T2D hearts. In agreement with this result, the insulin-sensitive glucose uptake was greatly reduced in HIP rat myocytes vs . WT. These data suggest that SGLT is upregulated in diabetic hearts to compensate for reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake. In summary, we found that [Na + ] i is elevated in myocytes from diabetic HIP rats due to an increased Na + entry via the Na + -glucose cotransporter. Higher [Na + ] i may contribute to arrhythmogenesis and oxidative stress in diabetic hearts.
Long term nursing: social care or health care?
Authors: A. Loux
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Court of Appeal last year lent support to the Royal Commission on Long Term Care in a case that marked a watershed in the politics of long term care in Britain. The Department of Heath guidance that followed the judgment is a partial retreat from three decades of policy which has seen responsibility for funding long term care shift from the NHS to individuals and local authorities.

The landmark case was brought by Pamela Coughlan, who sought judicial review of a health authority's decision to close the NHS home, Mardon House, where she had been promised “a home for life.” Ms Coughlan, rendered quadriplegic in a road accident in 1971, won at both the High Court and the Court of Appeal. The health authority was forced to make good its promise, and the court upheld Ms Coughlan's right under article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights to respect for her home.1 In the High Court the judge went further and declared that nursing is “health care” and can never be “social care.”2 The effect of that judgment would have been to make the NHS responsible once more for long term nursing care and the extra costs of some 200 000 residents whose nursing home places are funded by the local authority, the Department of Social Security, or private payers.

The critical issue for the Court of Appeal was whether …
Abstract 15794: COACH Program Effective in Improving Risk Factors in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Jerilyn K Allen, Sarah Szanton, Cheryl Dennison, David Levine, Lee Bone, Martha Hill, Matt Hayat, Mary Donnelly-Strozzo, Kathryn Anderson, Carol Curtis, LaPricia Lewis-Boyer, Amy Barlow
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Disease management and prevention in medically underserved patients with CVD or at high risk for CVD is complex. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nurse practitioner (NP)/community health educator(CHE) model of care in urban community health centers on improving patients CVD risk factors and their perceptions of the quality of their chronic illness care. Patients with CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or hypercholesterolemia were randomized to receive usual care (UC) or a 1 year CVD risk management intervention including self-management from a NP/CHE team (I). Outcomes included lipids and HbA1c measured in a standardized laboratory, blood pressure measured according to JNC VII guidelines, and patients9 assessments of chronic illness care (PACIC), measured by the PACIC instrument (possible score 1 – 5). A total of 525 patients participated in the randomized trial (I = 261, UC = 264); mean age 56 ± 12 years, 71% female, 78% Black; 54% with annual household income ≤ $20,000, and only 34% with private health insurance. Patients in the two groups did not differ significantly on baseline sociodemographic, PACIC scores or clinical characteristics, except for total cholesterol, triglycerides and HbA1c. Intention to treat analyses comparing changes in outcomes while controlling for baseline differences using general linear mixed model tests revealed statistically and clinically significant mean changes in total cholesterol (I: −24 ± 44.8; UC:− 4.8 ± 39.4, p
Nasal decongestant exposure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study
Authors: Swanny Perrin, David Montani, Caroline O'Connell, Sven Günther, Barbara Girerd, Laurent Savale, Christophe Guignabert, Olivier Sitbon, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Marie-Camille Chaumais
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

In the scientific and medical community, it is recognised that exposure to certain drugs could promote the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs, with a "class effect" (amphetamine-like) or not (dasatinib), are prescribed for serious (dasatinib, interferons) or moderate (benfluorex) pathologies and do not induce PAH in all patients [1–9]. As a result, assessment of drug history exposure from PAH patients has become essential for providing optimal disease management [10]. More studies are needed to measure nasal decongestant exposure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension <http://ow.ly/OFxs8> We acknowledge the French pulmonary hypertension pharmacovigilance network, VIGIAPATH, supported by the French national agency for medicines and health products safety (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM)) as well as the French patient association HTAPFrance.
Abstract 16315: Opposing Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl on Ciliary Beat Frequency in the Respiratory Epithelia
Authors: Adam Christopher, Evonne Krushansky, Richard Francis, Ricardo Munoz, Cecilia Lo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Cilia beat frequency (CBF) in the ciliated airway epithelia determines the rate at which mucus is transported up the respiratory tract. Adequate transportation of mucus is required to...
Abstract #4432: Expression profiles of secreted frizzled-related protein isoforms in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines
Authors: Uttara Saran, Nikolajs Zeps, Arun Dharmarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Introduction: In Australia 1 in 70 women will develop ovarian cancer in their lifetime, with around 800 women dying annually. Vague non-specific symptoms, lack of reliable screening tests and late diagnosis all contribute to the high rates of mortality from this cancer. One possible cause of ovarian cancer is an aberrant Wnt signaling pathway. There is experimental evidence that aberrant canonical Wnt signaling may be associated with the absence or down-regulation of one of its antagonists, the Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins (sFRPs). Re-expression of the sFRP proteins results in apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Treatment options for ovarian cancer include cyto-reductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless some ovarian tumors are chemoresistant and a possible reason for this could be the absence or low levels of pro-apoptotic sFRP expression. Aims: The aims of this study were to characterize the differential expression profiles of the five sFRP isoforms (sFRP 1 to 5) in ovarian tumorigenesis and to determine whether any of these were associated with chemoresistance. Materials and Methods: Four epithelial ovarian cell lines (IOSE, A2780, A2780-ADR and A2780-Cis) were used to determine the expression profiles of the isoforms by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). To determine the role of any of the sFRPs in chemoresistance, analysis of proliferation and apoptosis among the cell lines was performed over three time-points following treatment with three doses of Cisplatin, a drug in commonly used in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Results: We demonstrated differential expression of all the isoforms, except sFRP-2 which was absent. sFRP isoforms 1, 3 and were found to be down-regulated in the ovarian cancer cell lines compared to the normal ovarian cell line; suggesting that the down-regulation of these isoforms could play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Subsequent analysis revealed that sFRP-4, which is known to have pro-apoptotic properties, was differentially expressed among the cancerous cell lines. We also demonstrated an inverse relation between the expression of sFRP-4 and chemo-sensitivity of A2780, A2780-Cis and A2780-ADR to Cisplatin. The chemosensitive cell line A2780 demonstrated higher expression of sFRP-4 and exhibited greater sensitivity towards Cisplatin treatment. The chemoresistant cell lines A2780-ADR and A2780-Cis, which showed low levels of sFRP-4 expression, were less responsive towards Cisplatin. Conclusion: Our data suggest a possible role for sFRP-4 expression levels in predicting the likely response to Cisplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Further validation in a prospective series of cases will elucidate if this is clinically useful.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4432.