tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18391: Accumulation of Adiponectin in Association With Up-regulated T-cadherin in the Aortic Wall of Acute and Chronic Aortic Dissection
Authors: Yoshiki Watanabe, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Norikazu Maeda, Atsuhiro Saito, Kei Torikai, Koichi Toda, Toru Kuratani, Iichiro Shimomura, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Adiponectin (APN) is a major adipokine, which has been reported to accumulate into the damaged tissues in multiple organs. However, the role of APN and its receptor, T-cadherin (T-cad), in the pathology of the human aortic wall (AW) is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the distributions of APN and T-cad in the dissected AW and measured the serum APN concentration in patients with aortic dissection (AD). Methods: Diseased AW tissues were collected from patients with acute or chronic AD at the time of surgery, and a healthy aorta was used as a control (n = 6 per group). Blood was serially sampled to measure the APN concentrations in non-surgically-treated patients with acute type B AD (n = 10). Results: Immunohistochemically, normal aortic walls weakly expressed APN or T-cad on the intimal surface, whereas the AWs of acute AD patients showed marked expression of both APN and T-cad on the surface of the dissected aortic media. In chronic AD, APN and T-cad were diffusely expressed on the medial layers of the thickened AW (Fig. A-C). Western blot analysis showed that APN expression in the AW was significantly greater in acute and chronic AD than in the normal aorta (151 ± 2% and 220 ± 27% vs. normal, respectively) (Fig. D). RT-PCR revealed no expression of APN mRNA in any AW, and stronger expression of T-cad mRNA in acute and chronic AD than in the normal aorta (108 ± 9% and 194 ± 101% vs. normal, respectively). The blood concentration of APN in type B AD patients decreased by 13.3 ± 3.8% in 24-78 hours, and by 22.7 ± 7.2% in over 78 hours, as compared to those monitored within 24 hours after the onset, indicating that APN was supplied to the affected aortic wall from the blood. Conclusions: APN markedly accumulated into the dissected aortic media in acute and chronic AD, and T-cad was upregulated in the corresponding area. In contrast, the blood concentration of APN reciprocally decreased after AD onset, indicating a possibility of APN contribution to protect a diseased aortic wall of AD.
Abstract 1906: FOXC1 regulates cancer stem cells properties via inducing SMO-independent Gli activation and confers anti-Hedgehog drug resistance in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Bingchen Han, Yanli Jin, Shikha Bose, Xiao Zhang, Ying Qu, Beth Y. Karlan, Armando E. Giuliano, Xiaojiang Cui
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, are usually associated with high histologic grade, high recurrence rate, short recurrence-free survival, younger patient age, poor outcome, and a propensity to metastasize to the brain and lung. So far, developing targeted therapies against BLBC still remains a great challenge. Uncovering the underlying molecular events and identify therapeutic target becomes highly urgent. Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1), a biomarker for BLBC, is associated with poor prognosis in patients with BLBC. Here, we found that FOXC1 increases cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties in BLBC cells in vitro and in vivo. FOXC1 activates SMO-independent non-canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which mediates the effects of FOXC1 on CSCs properties in BLBC cells. Further study showed that the N-terminal of FOXC1 bind directly to the Gli2 transcription factor, which has the highest transcriptional activity in Hh signaling pathway. Here we also found that the elevated expression of FOXC1 induces anti-Hh pathway drug resistance. All of these data demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of CSC properties and the poor prognosis of BLBC patients, and may provide new insight into anti-CSC therapy resistance. Thus, our study provides a strong rationale for developing FOXC1-targeted therapy for treating BLBC patients. Citation Format: Bingchen Han, Yanli Jin, Shikha Bose, Xiao Zhang, Ying Qu, Beth Y. Karlan, Armando E. Giuliano, Xiaojiang Cui. FOXC1 regulates cancer stem cells properties via inducing SMO-independent Gli activation and confers anti-Hedgehog drug resistance in basal-like breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1906. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1906
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: The most prevalent cause of ventilator associated pneumonia in Tehran hospitals
Authors: Arash Ghodousi, Maryam Omrani, Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) assumes paramount importance in nosocomial pneumonia, particularly in mechanically ventilated patients. The mortality rate due to MRSA infections is highest among pneumonia cases.   Objectives   The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance pattern and to detect outbreak strains isolated from the teaching hospitals of Tehran. This can help physicians to start appropriate initial therapy in patients with suspected nosocomial pneumonia.   Methods   269 lower respiratory tract (LTR) samples were collected from ICUs of three teaching hospitals in Tehran,Iran, during 2009 –2011.  A semi-quantitative threshold of >10 4  cfu/ml was considered to be diagnostic for  S. aureus  ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP). Antibacterial resistance patterns of  S. aureus  isolates to 13 antimicrobial agents were analyzed according to EUCAST. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis was performed as described previously (Feizabadi, M.M.  et al.  J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:144 –146).   Results    Of 269 cultured LRT specimens 84 yielded  S. aureus  >10 4  cfu/ml .  Oxacillin and vancomycin resistances were seen in 80.9% and 12.3% of isolates, respectively. Linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin were found to be the most effective drugs. Seventeen different DNA banding patterns were identified, which grouped in 4 clusters named as A-D.   Discussion    Mechanical ventilation is one of the most important risk factors for nosocomial MRSA pneumonia. MRSA-VAP ranged between 78 % in Asian and 54 % in Latin American ICUs. Consistently, in our study prevalence of methicillin resistance was 80.5%. This is the first report on  S. aureus  VAP from Iran.
Abstract 9389: Thrombus Formation Processes are Dependent on Endothelial Injuries: Examined by in vivo Two-photon Molecular Imaging
Authors: Satoshi Nishimura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Aim: The cellular mechanisms of thrombotic diseases associated with cardiovascular events remains unclear, largely because of an inability to visualize thrombus formation. Thus, we developed in vivo imaging technique based on single- and multi-photon microscopy and laser injuries technique to revealed the multicellular processes during thrombus development. Methods: We visualized the cell dynamics including single platelet behavior, and assessed dynamic cellular interplay in two thrombosis models using two photon microscopy to CAG-eGFP mice (Figure a, b). Results: First, we visualized that rapidly developing thrombi composed of discoid platelets without EC disruption was triggered by ROS induced by laser irradiation (Figure c). In this model, thrombus consisted by discoid platelet aggregations without leukocyte recruitment and not affected by Gr-1 antibody. The second model is, thrombus with EC disruption. High power laser induced EC erosion and extravasations of circulating leukocytes with thrombus development. Inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecules dynamically control these two processes, and Gr-1 antibody significantly suppressed these steps. (Figure d) Leukocyte was immediately recruited into the subendothelial layers with bleeding and hemostatic reactions, and TLR4 signaling contributed to these steps. Pretreatmet of LPS or ischemic procedures markedly enhanced these steps. Thrombus included calcium activated cores and deformed platelets. Immigrated leukocyte also showed the increase of intracellular calcium. Summary: These results indicated that endothelial function, especially inflammatory status, determined the thrombotic reaction. Leukocyte also contributed with TLR4 signaling. In sum, using our imaging system can be a powerful tool to analyze thrombus formation and evaluate the therapeutic strategies.
Abstract P158: Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease and Quality of Life among Older Individuals in the Community: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Aozhou Wu, Josef Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin, Hirofumi Tanaka, Gerardo Heiss, Alan T Hirsch, Bernard Jaar, Kunihiro Matsushita
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), commonly identified by an ankle-brachial Index (ABI) &lt;0.9, increases mortality risk and may impair mobility as well as quality of life (QOL). However, most studies assessing reduced QOL in the relation to PAD rely on small data from vascular clinics, leaving uncertainty about the impact of PAD on QOL in the community. Method: Using 5,610 ARIC visit 5 (2011-2013) participants aged 66-90 years, we assessed the associations of ABI with several QOL parameters, including self-evaluated general health status, mental status (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression [CES-D] score and hopeless feeling), social aspect (work interfered by pain and social activity interfered by health status), and physical ability (limited ability to climb stairs and need of walking assistance). Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association of ABI with each QOL parameter, adjusting for potential confounders including comorbidities such as history of heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Result: With ABI 1.1-1.2 as a reference, lower ABI was consistently associated with poor status of all QOL parameters tested (Table), with overall evident dose-response relationship. Interestingly, a poor status of various QOL parameters was observed even in borderline low ABI (0.9-1.0) and low normal (1.0-1.1). High ABI (&gt;1.3), indicative of arterial stiffness, was only significantly associated with limited ability to climb stairs. Similar results for low ABI and QOL were observed in both genders and white and black participants. Conclusion: Low ABI was independently and consistently associated with poor status of wide range of QOL domains, with potential important implications on quality-maintained life in older individuals. Further studies are warranted to assess whether the association is due to PAD-related leg symptoms or weakness and/or reflects the impact of systemic atherosclerosis on QOL.
UK needs new health research agency to speed up approval process
Authors: Luisa Dillner
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health research in the United Kingdom is being stifled by over-regulation and urgently needs a new single agency to reduce delays in launching trials, says a report from the Academy of Medical Sciences. 

The work was commissioned in May 2010 by Andy Burnham, the then Labour health secretary for England, after a report earlier that year from the academy warned that the UK’s global share of patients in clinical trials had fallen from 6% to 2% in the past decade. The new report was written by a working group from academia, industry, the NHS, medical research charities, regulators, and the public and was chaired by Michael Rawlins, chairman of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

Launching the report, Professor Rawlins said, “Medical research in the UK is over-regulated [and] over-governanced . . . Just as an example, Cancer UK calculated that the time it takes from the day they award a research grant for a particular trial to the time the first patient comes into the trial is 621 days, and …
Abstract 302: Chest Compressions Should Be Performed on Arresting Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD)
Authors: Zachary Shinar, Marcia Stahovich, Sheldon Cheskes, Joseph Bellezzo, Walter Dembitsky
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Patients with implanted Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are being assessed by an increasing number of health care providers. Despite a lack of evidence, many emergency medical systems and hospitals have discouraged providers from performing chest compressions in these patients when they present in cardiac arrest. This deviation from conventional resuscitation algorithms is secondary to concern that chest compressions could dislodge the LVAD. Objective: To determine the rate of cannula dislodgment for patients presenting in cardiac arrest with known implanted LVAD devices receiving standard chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of all patients who received chest compressions for cardiac arrest over a 4 year period in a large urban hospital. Eight cases were reviewed for both cannula integrity and outcomes. Results: Using autopsy and adequate flow through device as proxy for intact inflow/outflow cannulas, none of the eight patients receiving chest compressions had cannula dislodgment. Four of the 8 patients had return of neurologic function. Two additional patients had return of effective circulation without return of neurologic function. One patient had documented flow on the device without return of native heart function. The final patient did not have documented flow during resuscitation but autopsy showed no dislodgment. Conclusions: In this small retrospective study, standard chest compressions in patients with LVADs appear to be safe, without evidence of cannula dislodgment. Standard chest compressions for LVAD patients in circulatory arrest should be performed.
Deficient Heme and Globin Synthesis in Embryonic Stem Cells Lacking the Erythroid-Specific δ-Aminolevulinate Synthase Gene
Authors: Hideo Harigae, Naruyoshi Suwabe, Peter H. Weinstock, Mayumi Nagai, Hiroyoshi Fujita, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shigeru Sassa
Journal: Blood (1998)
The Effect of Experimental Conditions upon the Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Mouse Skin after Cutaneous Application
Authors: Fred G. Bock, Mary Burnham
Journal: Cancer Research (1961)

The uptake and retention of polycyclic hydrocarbons by skin have been studied in mice of the A/St strain. The level of phenanthrene (Ph), anthracene, and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in the skin reached a maximum 2 hours after topical application of 1 per cent solutions of the hydrocarbons. Solvents of pure benzene or a 1:1 mixture of mineral oil in benzene gave lower 2-hour skin levels than did 5 per cent mineral oil in benzene. Increasing the concentration of either Ph or benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP) above 1 per cent did not increase the level of hydrocarbon in the skin 2 hours after painting. The presence of 5 per cent Ph in a 1 per cent solution of BP reduced the skin concentration of BP by 43 per cent. Likewise the presence of 1 per cent BP in a 5 per cent solution of Ph reduced the skin level of Ph by 15 per cent.

There was no effect of sex upon the localization of any of five hydrocarbons in the skin of A mice.

Twelve polycyclic hydrocarbons were compared with respect to skin concentration after painting. The chief factor affecting concentration was molecular size. K region activity also appeared to have an effect upon localization. The significance of these observations with respect to mechanisms of the carcinogenic process are discussed.
Abstract 17804: Clinical Implications and Determinants of Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Insights into Aortic-Ventricular-Atrial Coupling
Authors: Darae Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, In Jeong Cho, Young Dae Kim, Hyo Suk Nam, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Geu-Ru Hong, Jong-Won Ha, Namsik Chung, Chi Young Shim
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  We sought to determine clinical implications of LA longitudinal strain ([[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]]) assessed by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for predicting left atrial appendage(LAA) flow stasis or thrombus in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).   Method:  A total of 250 patients (147 males, age 64±13) with AIS and sinus rhythm were enrolled from 2012 to 2013. Comprehensive TTE for LV and LA assessment and 2D STE of LA was done, followed by TEE to assess LAA emptying velocity (eV), spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), LA or LAA thrombus, aortic wall thickness (AWT) in descending aorta, and aortic arch atheroma. According to LA volume index (LAVI, cut-off: 28 ml/m 2 ) and LA [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]] (cut-off: 23 %), patients were divided into 4 groups [Group 1 (n=79), normal LAVI with normal [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]]; Group 2 (n=55), increased LAVI with normal [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]]; Group 3 (n=37), normal LAVI with decreased [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]]; Group 4 (n=79), increased LAVI with decreased [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]]]. Arterial stiffness was assessed with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV).   Results:  LV longitudinal function (e’ and S’) and LV filling pressure (E/e’) differed significantly among 4 groups. PWV and AWT increased in a stepwise manner. The prevalence of SEC, LAA thrombus, complex aortic arch atheroma showed significant difference (Table). LA e revealed a better correlation with E’ (r=0.15, p=0.019), S’ (r=0.45, p   Conclusion:  LA [[Unable to Display Character: ɛ]] by 2D STE better predicts LAA flow stasis or thrombus than LAVI. Also, it reflects aortic stiffness and LV longitudinal dysfunction in aspects of aortic-ventricular-atrial coupling in patients with AIS.
Drug points: Laryngeal oedema after isosorbide dinitrate spray and sublingual nifedipine
Authors: T Silfvast, A Kinnunen, T Varpula
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Drs T SILFVAST (Helsinki University Central Hospital, 002900 Helsinki, Finland), A KINNUNEN (Helsinki Area Emergency Medical Air Service, 01530 Vantaa, Finland), T VARPULA (Jorvi Hospital, 02740 Espoo, Finland) write: Emergency staff found a 65 year old woman who had suddenly collapsed lying unconscious on the floor. Babinski's sign was bilaterally positive and her blood pressure was 220/130 mm Hg. She was breathing without difficulty. Two sprays of …
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLECYSTITIS, WITH RUPTURE OF GALL-BLADDER AND LIVER ABSCESS FORMATION, DURING ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISONE
Authors: S REIFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1953)

Case Reports1 June 1953ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLECYSTITIS, WITH RUPTURE OF GALL-BLADDER AND LIVER ABSCESS FORMATION, DURING ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISONESIDNEY REIFF, M.D.SIDNEY REIFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-38-6-1313 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is by now well established that intercurrent infections become worse while the host—either human or lower animal—is receiving cortisone. Cases have been described in which the following entities have developed while the patients were receiving cortisone1: thrombophlebitis, acne (to a greater extent than is usually ascribed to the masculinizing effect), abscess formation, tuberculosis, peritonitis, pulmonary fungus infections, bronchopneumonia, staphylococcal septicemia, empyema, disseminated fungus disease, suppurative pericarditis, sinusitis and renal abscess. Experimentally, mice are prone to develop spontaneous infections while on cortisone; they are also known to withstand infections poorly while on cortisone. It has become a commonplace procedure to...Bibliography1. AntopolQuittner WH: The changing pattern of infectious processes under the influence of cortisone, J. Mt. Sinai Hosp. 19: 91-105, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. AntopolQuittnerGittlerDordickSaphra WHRJI: Occurrence of spontaneous infections after the administration of cortisone and ACTH, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 28: 540, 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Modern FW: ACTH, cortisone and surgery, Ann. West. Med. and Surg. 5: 153, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Bockus HL: Gastro-enterology, vol. 3, 1946, p. 481-482, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SIDNEY REIFF, M.D.Affiliations: Brooklyn, N. Y.*Received for publication November 15, 1952.From the Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySynchronous pyogenic liver abscess and acute cholecystitis: how to recognize it and what to do (emergency cholecystostomy followed by delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy)CholezystitisHormoneHormone 1 June 1953Volume 38, Issue 6 Page: 1313-1315 Keywords Abscesses Liver Metastasis Peritonitis Pneumonia Pulmonary diseases Renal diseases Sepsis Staphylococcal infection Tuberculosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1953 PDF downloadLoading ...
The microRNA-200 family regulates pancreatic beta cell survival in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bengt-Frederik Belgardt, Kashan Ahmed, Martina Spranger, Mathieu Latreille, Remy Denzler, Nadiia Kondratiuk, Ferdinand von Meyenn, Felipe Nunez Villena, Karolin Herrmanns, Domenico Bosco, Julie Kerr-Conte, Francois Pattou, Thomas Rülicke, Markus Stoffel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)