tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Study of the Normal Mucosa-Adenoma-Cancer Sequence in the Development of Familial Polyposis Coli 2
Authors: Sanjida Mughal, M.I. Filipe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Ultrastructural changes that occurred in the colon epithelia of patients with familial polyposis coli were investigated. Criteria of gradation of the crescendo changes from the mucosa in the controls, through the "normal" mucosa between polyps and adenomas in various stages of dedifferentiation, to invasive carcinoma were established. Our criteria were based on the following requirements: a) vesiculation and increasing numbers of small electron-dense bodies (secretory granules) and lysosomes in the mature and immature absorptive cells, b) presence of immature and undifferiated cells, c) variation in the globlet cells and appearance of atypical secretory cells, and d) nuclear changes. The results illustrated the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and added strong evidence to support its occurrence. Furthermore, this ultrastructural study revealed cellular changes that preceded adenomatous growth and may be of value as markers of early stages of cancer. However, this study also revealed a close link between the function and morphology of the mucosal epithelium.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is associated with a reduced decline in FVC in male COPD patients
Authors: Gunnar R. Husebø, Marianne Aanerud, Thor Ueland, Jon A. Hardie, Per S. Bakke, Tomas M. Eagan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  We have previously shown that the antimicrobial peptide NGAL is a biomarker in COPD. This study aimed to examine whether plasma-levels of NGAL and C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used to predict changes in lung function.   Methods:  The study included 433 patients with COPD aged 41-76 from the Bergen COPD cohort study. All patients had an FEV1   Results:  Mean yearly decline in FVC was 69 ml for women and 115 ml for men, and mean yearly decline in FEV1 was 36 ml for women and 61 ml for men. There was a significant interaction between sex and NGAL, and when analyzing women separately, neither NGAL nor CRP were statistically associated with change in FVC or FEV1 in univariate or adjusted models.  However, in men an increase of baseline NGAL (by 10 ng/ml) was associated with a reduced decline of FVC by 9.3 ml/year univariately (p=0.01), with almost identical findings in the adjusted model: 9.7 ml/year (p=0.01). In contrast, increased baseline CRP predicted a larger decline in FVC, by 2.7 ml/year (per 1 μg/ml CRP, p=0.04) in the adjusted model. Neither NGAL nor CRP were associated with change in FEV1 univariately nor adjusted.   Conclusion:  In men, NGAL and CRP levels at baseline were related to yearly change of FVC, but not FEV1.
Expiratory flushing of airways: a method to reduce deadspace ventilation
Authors: B Jonson, T Similowski, P Levy, N Viires, R Pariente
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

A jet of fresh gas entering the trachea during the last part of expiration, expiratory flushing of airways (EFA), may during mechanical ventilation bring the fresh gas interface into the trachea to reduce deadspace. EFA, delivered in a variety of modes, was tested in healthy dogs. EFA allowed tidal volume, peak and mean airway pressure to be reduced by about 25%. EFA was administered in the form of pulses with frequencies 2-8 Hz, and as a continuous flow. The mode was of little importance. EFA was found to be efficient and should be clinically tested.
Europe matters
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1997)

When “Europe” comes up on the agendas of medical organisations in Britain, many in the audience switch off. They have little interest in Europe. They don't think it matters to them. But this insular view is wrong. European legislation has had a major impact on medicine in Britain, and the week before the European parliament responds to a new proposal from the European Commission to reorganise the way it deals with health seems a good time to draw attention to this.

The current upheaval in postgraduate specialist training, caused by the reorganisation in the wake of the Calman report,1 has its origins in the European Union. It was prompted by the commission's threat to take the British government to the European Court of Justice for not observing union law on mutual recognition of …
Confidentiality as a Requirement of the Therapist: Technical Necessities for Absolute Privilege in Psychotherapy
Authors: JOSEPH DUBEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Privilege for the psychotherapist is a technical necessity for certain forms of psychotherapy. Psychiatrists are not legally protected from being compelled, in certain situations, to divulge information; therefore, their patients are in danger of either being embarrassed or of having their therapy subverted for secondary gain. There is an inherent conflict between the goals of the therapist and of the advocate and an incompatibility between the functions of treatment and evaluation. The author proposes that the communications and information of psychotherapy be excluded from public policy and that the therapist should not perform evaluative functions during litigation; if psychiatric information is necessary, it should be obtained from an independent court-appointed psychiatrist.
Alexithymia in victims of sexual assault: an effect of repeated traumatization?
Authors: S B Zeitlin, R J McNally, K L Cassiday
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors compared scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale of 12 rape victims with PTSD, 12 rape victims without PTSD, and 12 nontraumatized comparison subjects. Rape victims were more alexithymic than were nontraumatized comparison subjects, and subjects with a history of more than one episode of rape were more alexithymic than were subjects with a single episode.
Novel regression equations predicting lung age for Mediterranean population
Authors: Helmi Ben Saad, Hela Selmi, Khaoula Hadj Mabrouk, Chiraz Maatoug, Sonia Rouatbi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background.  Published reference equations predicting estimated lung age (ELA) didn’t reliably predict chronological lung age (CLA) data in healthy adults representing a sample of a Mediterranean population.  Aims.  To develop novel equations for ELA from varied anthropometric data and FEV 1 .  Methods.  Applying multiple regression analysis, equations predicting ELA were invented using data from 540 never-smokers with normal spirometry ( group I ). Validation was made based on data from 41 never-smokers with normal spirometry ( group II ). Equations were further applied for 91 subjects with confirmed  COPD .  Results.  Novel regression equations allowing prediction of reference value of ELA and normal limits of difference between ELA and CLA were elaborated in both genders. In men, ELA (yrs) = 42.85 - 20.74 x FEV 1  (l) + 47.41 x body surface area (m 2 ) - 0.62 x body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ). In women, ELA (yrs) = 64.64 - 8.00 x FEV 1  (l) - 0.17 x BMI (kg/m 2 ) + 8.82 x Height (m). Normal limits of difference between ELA and CLA were ±16.9 yrs in the men and ±14.8 yrs in the women. Established equations predicted ELA of  group II  with no significant difference (p > 0.05) between CLA and ELA in either gender (respectively, 42.9±16.6 yrs vs. 40.3±13.7 yrs in men, 42.0±13.5 vs. 45.6±7.7 in women). ELA was significantly (p  Conclusion.  The use of contemporary lung age equations may translate into greater success for smoking cessation programs.
Abstract P51: Nasopharyngeal Cooling Improves Coronary Perfusion Pressure and Amplitude Spectrum Area During CPR in Comparison to Systemic Cold Saline Infusion in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tao Yu, Giuseppe Ristagno, Yongqin Li, Max H Weil, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2009)

P51: Nasopharyngeal Cooling Improves Coronary Perfusion Pressure and Amplitude Spectrum Area During CPR in Comparison to Systemic Cold Saline Infusion in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest Tao Yu; Giuseppe Ristagno; Yongqin Li; Max H Weil; Wanchun Tang 1 Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-sen Univ, Rancho Mirage, CA 2 Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Rancho Mirage, CA 3 Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hosp of Sun Yat-sen Univ, Rancho Mirage, CA 4 Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Keck Sch of Medicine of the Univ of Southern California, Rancho Mirage, CA Background We have previously demonstrated that nasopharyngeal cooling (NPC) initiated during CPR improves the success of resuscitation. In the present study, we compared the effects of NPC with cold saline infusion (CSI) on hemodynamics, amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) during CPR and ultimate resuscitation outcome in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that NPC would yield better resuscitation outcome when compared to CSI when both were initiated during CPR. Methods Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in 14 pigs weighing 38±2 kg. After 15 minutes of untreated VF, CPR was performed for 5 minutes prior to defibrillation. Coincident with the start of CPR, animals were randomized to receive NPC with the aid of the RhinoChill Device or CSI with 30 mL/kg 4°C saline. One hour after ROSC, surface cooling with the aid of a water blanket was begun in both groups and maintained at 35.4°C for 4 hours. Results During CPR, jugular vein temperature was significantly decreased in animals subjected to NPC in comparison to those receiving CSI (P<0.01). Core temperature, however, was decreased only in animals receiving CSI (P<0.01). Coronary perfusion pressure was significantly greater in the animals treated with NPC (P=0.02). AMSA values in NPC group was significantly higher than CSI group (P=0.03). All 7 animals treated with NPC were successfully resuscitated in contrast to only 2 in the CSI group (P=0.02). Conclusion In this model, NPC improved hemodynamics and AMSA during CPR and this was associated with increases in the success of resuscitation.
Abstract 1299: Parallel Activation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism with Increased Cardiac Energy Expenditure is Not Dependent on Fatty Acid Oxidation
Authors: Lufang Zhou, Marco E Cabrera, Hazel Huang, Monika Duda, Naveen Sharma, Celvie Yuan, William C Stanley
Journal: Circulation (2006)

An abrupt increase in cardiac power activates NADH generation, MVO2 and ATP re-synthesis so fast that [ATP] and [ADP] do not change. Computer simulations predict that this response requires simulta...
Abstract 854: Long-term Effects of Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hideki Watanabe, Kunio Nakagawa, Masaaki Kakihana
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was designed to investigate endothelial function and long-term outcome of telmisartan, angiotensin II receptor blocker, in hypertensive patients with CKD. Seventy one untreated hypertensive patients with CKD (stage 3 or 4) were randomized to receive telmisartan ( Telmisartan group , n=35) or amlodipine ( Amlodipine group , n=36). Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation (NID) of brachial artery were measured by using ultrasound system. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by using oscilometric technique. We also measured high sensitivity C-reactive peptide (hsCRP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as indexes of inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary outcome was death from CVD, or hospitalization for CVD during a follow-up period 4.2 to 4.7 years (median, 4.4 years). Blood pressure was significantly decreased in the both groups, and there was no difference between two groups at baseline and during study. FMD was significantly increased, and PWV, hsCRP, and TBARS were significantly decreased in the both groups after the treatment. However, these improvements were much better in the telmisartan group as compared with the amlodipine group. The 4.4-year cumulative primary-event rates were 12.6% in the telmisartan group and 37.4% in the amlodipine group (p=0.012 by long-lank test). Telmisartan improves not only endothelial function, PWV, hsCRP, or TBARS, but also long-term cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients with CKD.
Combination Biologic Therapy Without Chemotherapy As Initial Treatment For Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Multi-Center Phase II Study Of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab
Authors: Jia Ruan, Peter Martin, Bijal D. Shah, Stephen J. Schuster, Sonali M. Smith, Richard R. Furman, Paul Christos, Amelyn Rodriguez, Paige Wolstencroft, Jakub Svoboda, Alison Bender, Jessica Lewis, Morton Coleman, John P. Leonard
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phase I and pharmacologic study of oral topotecan administered twice daily for 21 days to adult patients with solid tumors.
Authors: G J Creemers, C J Gerrits, J R Eckardt, J H Schellens, H A Burris, A S Planting, G I Rodriguez, W J Loos, I Hudson, C Broom, J Verweij, D D Von Hoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Topotecan is a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I. Recently bioavailability of an oral formulation of approximately 30% with limited variability was reported. We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral formulation of topotecan to characterize the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effects in patients with refractory malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated with oral topotecan given twice daily for 21 days, with cycles repeated every 28 days. In subsequent cohorts, the dose was escalated from 0.15 to 0.6 mg/m2 twice daily. Pharmacokinetics were performed on day 1 and 8 of the first course using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic methods. RESULTS Thirty-one patients entered the study; one patient was not assessable for toxicity and response as therapy was prematurely interrupted on request of the patient who had not experienced toxicity. Thirty patients received a total of 59 courses. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was reached at a dose of 0.6 mg/m2 twice daily and consisted of diarrhea, which started subacutely at a median onset on day 15 (range, 12 to 20) and resolved after a median of 8 days (range, 7 to 16). Other toxicities were mild, including leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting. The MTD was 0.5 mg/m2 twice daily. No responses were observed. Pharmacokinetics showed a substantial variation of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve at time point "t" [AUC(t)] of topotecan and ring-opened product hydroxyacid. A significant correlation was observed between the percentage of decrease in WBC count versus the AUC(t) of topotecan (r = .75), which was modeled by a sigmoidal maximal effect concentration (Emax) function. CONCLUSION The DLT in this phase I study for chronic oral topotecan for 21 days was diarrhea. The recommended dose for phase II studies is 0.5 mg/m2 twice daily.
The status of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in eastern Europe
Authors: L. Boyanova, A. Mentis, M. Gubina, E. Rozynek, G. Gosciniak, S. Kalenic, V. Göral, L. Kupcinskas, B. Kantarçeken, A. Aydin, A. Archimandritis, D. Dzierżanowska, A. Vcev, K. Ivanova, M. Marina, I. Mitov, P. Petrov, A. Özden, M. Popova
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)
Hypobaric hypoxia causes body weight reduction in obese males, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Beatus Buchzik, Milena Robinzonov, Rudolf Maria Huber, Jürgen Behr, Rosemarie Kiefl, Nikolay Robinzonov, Martin Karasz, Rainald Fischer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

This double blinded, placebo-controlled study is a first of its kind world-wide. Although similar research conducted at high altitudes showed a reduction of body weight in obese males, none of these have been able to clearly distinguish whether this may be due to relative hypobaric hypoxia or rather due to increased physical exercise. In our study, we aimed to effectively distinguish between these effects in obese patients at high altitude. We investigated 20 male obese subjects (age 60,7 ± 5,9 Years, BMI 33,6 ± 3,0kg/m²). In order to reduce confounding factors as a result of placebo effect, 10 obese objects received additional oxygen via an oxygen concentrator and the other 10 received normal air from the mountain (Passo Stelvio, Italy, 2760m). Subjects in both the control and intervention group had a comparable balanced nutrition with no specific dietary restrictions. We documented their individual body weight, objective activity parameters, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters, blood gas analysis, leptin, grehlin and hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF-1) at low altitude (LA) (Munich 530m, D1), at the beginning and again at the end of the 1-week stay at high altitude (D7 and D14) and 4 weeks after returning to LA (D42). The verum intervention group weighed significantly less than the control group who gained weight at D14 and even less at D42. The basal leptin, HIF-1 and Ghrelin levels were significantly increased at D14. This study confirmed the hypothesis that hypobaric hypoxia can reduce body weight at high altitude. A significant difference in the measured hormones could be established.
Abstract 5806: A Novel Quantification of Local Circumferential Myocardial Stress using Newly Developed Software System
Authors: Yasuhiro Shudo, Goro Matsumiya, Taichi Sakaguchi, Tomoyuki Fujita, Koji Takeda, Koichi Toda, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Local myocardial stress is important to evaluate stress-strain relationships in the left ventricle (LV). We developed a novel software package to assess local circumferential myocardial stress with LV long-axis images obtained by 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We compared local average circumferential stress (local σ) using our method with global equatorial circumferential stress (global σ) derived from conventional left ventriculography (LVG). We acquired 30° right anterior oblique LVG images in 74 patients with LV hypertrophy (aortic regurgitation; n=48, aortic stenosis; n=26) and 26 healthy subjects. The images were stored as audio video interleave files, transferred to a computer for offline analysis, manually traced at end-systole and end-diastole, and analyzed using Janz’s formula to elucidate local σ in segment #12 (mid antero lateral) based on AHA/ASE criteria. Global σ was obtained using Mirsky’s formula. Intra- and inter-observer variabilities were evaluated using the end-diastolic frames of 40 images. A highly significant correlation was found between local σ and global σ (r=0.99, p 2 , limits of agreement 9.3 kdyn/cm 2 /−4.6 kdyn/cm 2 ) (Figure). The intra- and inter-observer variabilies for the stress measurements were 2.9% and 3.6%, respectively. Our novel software package may be useful to assess local circumferential myocardial stress with contemporary cardiovascular imaging techniques.
Dwarfism and gigantism in historical picture postcards
Authors: A Enderle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

A collection of 893 historical picture postcards from 1900 to 1935, depicting dwarfs and giants, was analysed from medical and psychosocial viewpoints. In conditions such as ‘bird headed dwarfism’, achondroplasia, cretinism, so-called Aztecs or pinheads, Grebe chondrodysplasia, and acromegalic gigantism, the disorder could be diagnosed easily. In hypopituitary dwarfism, exact diagnosis was more difficult because of heterogeneity. The most common conditions depicted were pituitary dwarfism and achondroplasia. Most of those with gigantism had pituitary gigantism and acromegaly. Brothers and sisters or parents and their children provided evidence of mendelian inheritance of some of these disorders. The cards suggest that being put on show provided, at least in some cases, social benefits.
Mutational and epigenetic analysis of the promoter region of BMPR2 gene in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Guillermo Pousada, Adolfo Baloira, Diana Valverde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; OMIM 178600) is a progressive vascular disorder characterized by obstruction of precapillary pulmonary arteries. Approximately 80% of patients with familiar PAH have a mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene (BMPR2). This gene has a long promoter region with many binding sites of transcription factors.Given the complex and multifactorial nature of PAH, it seems likely that epigenetic events and mutations, in promoter region, could influence the penetrance, establishment or progression of PAH.  We included 55 PAH patients and 52 controls. Using specifically designed primers we amplified by PCR and sequenced the 5´-UTR region.We searched for CpG islands in 5000 bp upstream the 5´-UTR region of  BMPR2  and genomic DNA was modified with sodium bisulfite in order to establish the methylation pattern of this region.  A total of 4 sequence changes were identified in 7.5% of patients with PAH, and none were detected in a panel of 100 chromosomes from controls. These mutations are c.1-301G>A, c.1-279C>A, c.1-212delC and c.1-92C>A, which have appeared alike in idiopathic and associated PAH patients. We found one CpG island of 1300 bp containing numerous CpG sites. To analyse the methylation status within this region we designed 3 pairs of methylation and unmethylation specific primers. No differences in the methylation status were observed between patients and controls.  In conclusion, mutations in 5´-UTR region are not frequent, but can cause alterations in gene expression by disrupting the binding site of transcription factors. Methylation does not seem to be related to PAH, at least in the region of  BMPR2  studied.
Meta-analysis of postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in schizophrenia [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;154(8):1180]
Authors: R J Baldessarini, J D Hegarty, E D Bird, F M Benes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

To evaluate the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia who have been treated with neuroleptics have a high rate of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology.Neuropathological studies indicating the presence or absence of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in the postmortem brains of patients with schizophrenia, normal comparison subjects, and comparison subjects who had affective disorder were evaluated with Mantel-Haenszel chi-square and odds ratio analyses.Ten studies with relevant data were reviewed; none of eight with comparisons indicated that Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology was more likely to be found in the brains of patients with schizophrenia than in the brains of comparison subjects.Suggestions that cerebral plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are more common in schizophrenia in association with neuroleptic treatment were not supported.
IncI1 plasmids associated with the spread of CMY-2, CTX-M-1 and SHV-12 in Escherichia coli of animal and human origin
Authors: M. Accogli, D. Fortini, M. Giufrè, C. Graziani, M. Dolejska, A. Carattoli, M. Cerquetti
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Psychiatric Illness and Season of Birth
Authors: ROBERT A. WOODRUFF, SAMUEL B. GUZE, PAULA J. CLAYTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors collected data from a research clinic to test the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness are born early in the year more frequently than would be expected by chance. No evidence of seasonal variation of birth for patients with any specific diagnosis was found.