tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mineralocorticoid Accelerates Transition to Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Via “Nongenomic Effects”
Authors: Selma F. Mohammed, Tomohito Ohtani, Josef Korinek, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Katarina Larsen, Robert D. Simari, Maria L. Valencik, John C. Burnett, Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Mechanisms promoting the transition from hypertensive heart disease to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are poorly understood. When inappropriate for salt status, mineralocorticoid (deoxycorticosterone acetate) excess causes hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Because cardiac mineralocorticoid receptors are protected from mineralocorticoid binding by the absence of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, salt-mineralocorticoid-induced inflammation is postulated to cause oxidative stress and to mediate cardiac effects. Although previous studies have focused on salt/nephrectomy in accelerating mineralocorticoid-induced cardiac effects, we hypothesized that hypertensive heart disease is associated with oxidative stress and sensitizes the heart to mineralocorticoid, accelerating hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction.Cardiac structure and function, oxidative stress, and mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent gene transcription were measured in sham-operated and transverse aortic constriction (studied 2 weeks later) mice without and with deoxycorticosterone acetate administration, all in the setting of normal-salt diet. Compared with sham mice, sham plus deoxycorticosterone acetate mice had mild hypertrophy without fibrosis or diastolic dysfunction. Transverse aortic constriction mice displayed compensated hypertensive heart disease with hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress (osteopontin and NOX4 gene expression), and normal systolic function, filling pressures, and diastolic stiffness. Compared with transverse aortic constriction mice, transverse aortic constriction plus deoxycorticosterone acetate mice had similar left ventricular systolic pressure and fractional shortening but more hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction with increased lung weights, consistent with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. There was progressive activation of markers of oxidative stress across the groups but no evidence of classic mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent gene transcription.Pressure-overload hypertrophy sensitizes the heart to mineralocorticoid excess, which promotes the transition to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction independently of classic mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent gene transcription.
Abstract 2371: Circulating cancer associated cells co-express epithelial and hematopoietic markers in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts)
Authors: Maryam B. Lustberg, Priya Balasubramanian, Brandon Miller, Alejandra Garcia Villa, Wei Xue, Yongqi Wu, Jeffery J. Chalmers, Charles L. Shapiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Circulatingtumor cells (CTCs) are most commonly isolatedby using positive selection enrichment targeting the epithelial cell adhesion activating molecule (EpCAM). Using positive selection, a CTC is defined as EpCAM and cytokeratins (CK) positive (+) and CD45 negative (-). However, other rare cancer associated cells (RCACs) including EpCAM - and/or CD45 + cells have been reported (van de Stolpe, 2011). In order to investigate these RCACs, a prospective study in MBC using multi-parameter flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry (ICC) was undertaken. Methods:Forty blood samples from MBC pts were collected prior to initiation of a new line of chemotherapy, after one cycle, or at time of progression. Twenty one (52%) samples were from pts with estrogen receptor (ER) -, progesterone receptor (PR) -, and HER2neu non-overexpressing, or triple negative breast cancer (TNBC); nineteen (47%) were from pts with ER/PR +, HER2neu nonoverexpressing disease. Blood was processed using immunomagnetic negative depletion (Yang, 2009). Multiparameter, flow cytometry analysis was conducted prior to, and after depletion of CD45 + cells. Multistep, sequential labeling and fixation for surface markers was performed, followed by permeablizition for CK. ICC staining for EpCAM, CD45, CK 8/ 18/19 and DAPI was performed. Results: Either very low or no CK + events were present in blood samples from healthy volunteers (n=5). Various post-enrichment events were identified. These populations were also present by ICC with confocal microscopy. Conclusions: In addition to CTCs, RCACS that are CD45 + and/or EpCAM - are detectable in MBC pts and more frequently present in TNBC pts. These populations, only detectable by negative depletion, may be clinically significant as ongoing studies evaluate the predictive capabilities of blood based biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2371. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2371
The Prognosis in Tuberculosis with Especial Reference to the Psychological Aspects
Authors: E. W. HAYES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 March 1931The Prognosis in Tuberculosis with Especial Reference to the Psychological AspectsE. W. HAYES, M. D.E. W. HAYES, M. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-9-1183 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMy purpose, for the most part, in this discussion is to present some of the phases which have to do with the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis that come directly under the control of the physician and which I feel, in the majority of cases, determine the outcome.It seems to me that, particularly in the past, as we have come in contact with pulmonary tuberculosis we have had a tendency to base our opinion regarding the prognosis largely upon the extent of the involvement or upon the feelings and appearance of the patient or perhaps more or less upon both... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: E. W. HAYES, M. D.Affiliations: Monrovia, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1931Volume 4, Issue 9Page: 1183-1187KeywordsEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
NITROUS OXID-OXYGEN
Authors: A. S. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In his communication on deaths due to nitrous oxid (The Journal, September 15, p. 948), Dr. J. F. Baldwin moderately confined his attention to two or three cities. To obtain exact and complete figures is impossible simply because too many hospitals and surgeons, even of high reputation, put every obstacle in the way of any person's seeking the truth, and will even deny in the face of witnesses that such deaths ever happened. In spite of these difficulties, my own investigation gives the following result: In addition to 30 deaths that Dr. J. T. Gwathmey, New York, mentioned in 1914, 26 by Dr. C. K. Teter, Cleveland, where 9 of them occurred, and 18 by A. H. Miller, Providence, there were: in Cincinnati, 7; Detroit, 10; Nashville, 6; Boston, 3; Akron, 8; Toledo, 6; Chicago, 6; Kansas City, 5; Minneapolis, 3; St. Paul, 5; Sioux City, Iowa,
The influence hydroxyapatite nanoparticle shape and size on the properties of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite–PCL composites
Authors: Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani, Saied Nouri-Khorasani, Zufu Lu, Richard Appleyard, Hala Zreiqat
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The mural left anterior descending coronary artery, strenuous exercise and sudden death.
Authors: A R Morales, R Romanelli, R J Boucek
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Postmortem studies of three ostensibly healthy persons whose unheralded death occurred incidental to strenuous exercise revealed an obstructed but mural left anterior descending (LAD) artery, diminished vascularity to the posterior left ventricle and ventricular septum, and morphologic evidence of patchy, ischemic necrosis of the ventricular septum in different stages of healing. Although mural coronary arteries are considered a normal anatomic variant, our observations, coupled with reported clinical studies, strongly suggest that systolic constriction of the LAD artery may precipitate death in selected subjects.
Health authority loses cervical smear appeal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

East Kent Health Authority last week lost its appeal against a High Court ruling that three women who developed adenocarcinoma and had to have hysterectomies after results of smears had been treated as negative were victims of medical negligence.

The Department of Health supported the appeal—estimated to have cost £500000 ($800000) —because of fears that the original judgment, if allowed to stand, could threaten the national cervical screening programme by demanding unattainable standards of accuracy. But the appeal court judges clearly thought this view was unnecessarily alarmist Lord Woolf, master of the rolls, said: “The [health] authority is concerned …
Grammar School: Teat Found for Motherless Clause?
Authors: David B. Gitlitz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The only thing more insufferable than a pedant is an incorrect pedant. In his attempt to correct Robert A. Day's review of Dr King's book on expository writing,<sup>1</sup>Dr Goldblatt makes the error of considering the prepositional phrase as the subject in the following sentence: "<i>Very</i>is one of the words that contributes to flabby writing."<sup>2</sup>He erroneously concludes that the antecedent of "that" is "words," thereby requiring the plural verb "contribute." However, the subject of the sentence determines the form of the verb, and in this case the subject is the word "very," not "words," which is the object of the prepositional phrase describing "one." When I learned grammar in high school, we were taught that one could eliminate or ignore a prepositional phrase without changing the meaning of a sentence in order to reveal its basic structure. Thus, the sentence becomes: "Very is
Thrombin stimulates the adherence of neutrophils to human endothelial cells in vitro.
Authors: G A Zimmerman, T M McIntyre, S M Prescott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Highly purified human thrombin stimulates the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to vascular endothelial cells (EC). When Indium-labeled PMNs were incubated with primary monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein EC, the basal adherence was 10 +/- 1% of the PMNs at 5 min. Addition of thrombin (2 U/ml) increased the mean adherence to 42 +/- 15%. Enhanced neutrophil adherence in response to thrombin was confirmed by experiments with unlabeled leukocytes, examined by phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The action of thrombin was on the EC, since it did not directly stimulate PMN adhesiveness when measured by aggregation or by adherence to nylon fiber columns. Furthermore, enhanced neutrophil adherence occurred when endothelial monolayers were treated with thrombin and washed before adding 111Indium (111In)-labeled PMNs. Thrombin that had been inactivated with antithrombin III and heparin did not enhance neutrophil adherence. Prothrombin, Factor Xa, and fibrinogen were also ineffective. The stimulated adherence of PMNs was maximal 5 min after incubation of the EC with thrombin, and decreased thereafter. The response was dose-dependent, with half-maximal stimulation at 0.2-0.25 U thrombin/ml. The enhanced PMN adherence caused by thrombin may result in part from the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF) by the stimulated EC since thrombin-stimulated EC synthesize PAF with a time course and concentration dependence that are similar to the time and concentration relationships for thrombin-stimulated PMN adherence, PAF itself promoted neutrophil adherence to the EC monolayers, and pretreatment of PMNs with PAF decreased the adherence stimulated by thrombin and PAF, but not adherence stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and C5a fragments, which indicates specific desensitization of PAF-mediated adherence. These studies demonstrate the endothelial cell-dependent stimulation of PMN adherence by thrombin, a novel mechanism of enhanced leukocyte adherence that may be important in interactions between the coagulation and inflammatory systems.
Role of intestinal microflora in chronic inflammation and ulceration of the rat colon.
Authors: S Videla, J Vilaseca, F Guarner, A Salas, F Treserra, E Crespo, M Antolin, J R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1994)

Bacteria and their products stimulate inflammatory responses. The effects of different antimicrobial regimens (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tobramycin, imipenem, vancomycin, metronidazole) were investigated on the course of experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNB) in the rat. On day 7 and 21 after the induction of colitis, matched groups of control and antibiotic treated rats were subjected to colonic dialysis to measure eicosanoid release, and killed for morphological assessment of the colonic lesions (macro and microscopic scores). Stool samples were cultured. Selective antibiotic treatment against Gram positive, Gram negative or anaerobic bacteria had no effect on colonic lesion scores. By contrast, certain broad spectrum antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or the association of imipenem plus vancomycin) significantly reduced macro and microscopic scores. Rats receiving these antibiotics did not develop chronic colitis as shown by the virtual absence of colonic strictures, adhesions, fibrosis, and granulomas. On day 21 after TNB, the intracolonic release of prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and leukotriene B4 was significantly higher in control than in antibiotic treated rats. Control stool cultures showed abundant colony forming units of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and imipenem plus vancomycin induced appreciable reductions in luminal bacteria. In conclusion, certain broad spectrum antibiotics prevent chronic colitis. The normal colonic flora seems to play an important pathogenetic part in the progression of inflammatory colonic lesions to chronicity.
Book Review New Directions for Medical Education: Problem-based learning and community-oriented medical education (Frontiers of Primary Care.) Edited by Henk G. Schmidt, Mack Lipkin, Jr., Marten W. de Vries, and Jacobus M. Greep. 300 pp. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1989. $59.
Authors: LuAnn Wilkerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)
E-Cigarette or Drug-Delivery Device? Regulating Novel Nicotine Products
Authors: Nathan K. Cobb, David B. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The FDA intends to regulate e-cigarettes as tobacco products, since the courts blocked it from treating them as drug-delivery devices. Until the FDA asserts its new authority over tobacco, concentrated nicotine products may be sold to consumers, raising safety concerns.
Clinical-Outcome Trials in Cardiac Surgery — Have We Primed the Pump?
Authors: John H. Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) is effective at reducing angina and improving survival in appropriate patients with coronary artery disease. Although most CABG procedures are performed on the arrested heart with the support of cardiopulmonary bypass (“the pump”), off-pump techniques, performed on the beating heart, have been developed in an attempt to avoid neurocognitive and other complications thought to be associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Despite numerous clinical trials and more than a decade of research, the benefits of avoiding “the pump” remain unproven.Until recently, the largest clinical trial of off-pump CABG was the Randomized On/Off Bypass (ROOBY) trial involving 2203 . . .
Biosynthesis and processing of a Plasmodium falciparum schizont antigen recognized by immune serum and a monoclonal antibody.
Authors: A A Holder, R R Freeman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Stage-specific protein synthesis by the erythrocytic forms of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was investigated by pulse labeling synchronous parasite cultures with [35S]methionine at 6-h intervals during a complete 48-h developmental cycle. About 40 labeled parasite proteins could be immunoprecipitated with human immune serum, and most of these were associated with the schizont stage of development. In particular, one schizont protein was a 195,000-mol wt species against which a murine monoclonal antibody was produced. This monoclonal antibody, 89.1 reacted with the parasite membrane in schizonts and also with the surface of free merozoites in the indirect immunofluorescence test. In addition to the 195,000-mol wt protein, antibody 89.1 immunoprecipitated a series of lower-molecular weight polypeptides from extracts of labeled asynchronous P. falciparum parasite cultures. These were shown to be related to the 195,000-mol wt protein by peptide mapping. Pulse-chase labeling of synchronized cultures, and immunoprecipitation with antibody 89.1, showed that specific processing of the 195,000-mol wt polypeptide to the lower-molecular-weight products in concomitant with schizont maturation and merozoite release. It is suggested that this P. falciparum protein may be analogous to a similarly processed 230,000-mol wt protective antigen of the rodent malaria parasite, P. yoelii.
Genetic variation in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway is associated with childhood asthma
Authors: Ramesh Chandra Pandey, Sven Michel, Riccardina Tesse, Aristea Binia, Michaela Schedel, Liming Liang, Norman Klopp, Andre Franke, Andrea von Berg, Albrecht Bufe, Ernst Rietschel, Andrea Heinzmann, Otto Laub, Burkhard Simma, Thomas Frischer, Jon Genuneit, Thomas Illig, Michael Kabesch
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
THE CAUSATIVE RELATION OF NASAL OBSTRUCTION TO LUNG DISEASE.WITH THE PRESENTATION OF NEW MECHANICAL DEVICES FOR TREATMENT. Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: CHARLES DENISON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The mechanics of respiration, in conjunction with the varying degrees of blood pressure within the thorax, have for some time greatly interested me. I must refer you to my address ("Abnormal Intrathoracic Air Pressures," September, 1890) read before the American Climatological Association, for the considerable amount of details which would make this paper too long to introduce it here. Briefly summarized, sphygmographic tracings were there presented of various pulses under varying conditions of intrathoracic pressure, together with certain facts and measurements of air pressure by the manometer and of air quantity by the spirometer, so as to make plain the following general conclusion, namely, that the blood and air within the nose or less rigid walls of the thorax, may be considered as two reciprocally acting fluids. If one can not get in, in normal pressure, the other will to a certain degree take its place. It was under the
Feedback Inhibition Enables Theta-Nested Gamma Oscillations and Grid Firing Fields
Authors: Hugh Pastoll, Lukas Solanka, Mark C.W. van Rossum, Matthew F. Nolan
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Cortical circuits are thought to multiplex firing rate codes with temporal codes that rely on oscillatory network activity, but the circuit mechanisms that combine these coding schemes are unclear. We establish with optogenetic activation of layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex that theta frequency drive to this circuit is sufficient to generate nested gamma frequency oscillations in synaptic activity. These nested gamma oscillations closely resemble activity during spatial exploration, are generated by local feedback inhibition without recurrent excitation, and have clock-like features suitable as reference signals for multiplexing temporal codes within rate-coded grid firing fields. In network models deduced from our data, feedback inhibition supports coexistence of theta-nested gamma oscillations with attractor states that generate grid firing fields. These results indicate that grid cells communicate primarily via inhibitory interneurons. This circuit mechanism enables multiplexing of oscillation-based temporal codes with rate-coded attractor states.
Permanent Ventricular Pacemakers
Authors: JAMES J. MORRIS, ROBERT E. WHALEN, HENRY D. MCINTOSH, HOWARD K. THOMPSON, IVAN W. BROWN, W. GLENN YOUNG
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In the series of 86 patients with the Stokes-Adams syndrome or with symptomatic bradycardia managed with permanently implanted ventricular pacemakers reported on, 35 patients had primary implantation of epicardial leads at thoracotomy and 51 had transvenous endocardial electrodes passed via the jugular venous system for permanent ventricular pacing. The transvenous method of permanent pacemaker implantation appears to be easier to apply with less serious complications and provides the same overall mortality as the transthoracic approach. However, pacemaker failure, both permanent and temporary, is more likely to occur with the transvenous approach. A series of unique complications and findings noted in the transvenous group were thought to be related to the permanent pacing electrode catheter. These included myothought cardial perforation, pericardial friction rubs, intermittent ventricular pacing, and diaphragmatic stimulation. The experience suggests that it is reasonable to employ a transvenous pacemaker initially, recognizing that replacement with a transthoracic pacemaker will be necessary in approximately 16% of the patients and remanipulation of the electrode catheter will be needed in another 13%. Therefore, to undertake transvenous permanent implantation of a pacemaker, one must also be prepared to employ the transthoracic approach in a small but significant number of patients.
The Effect of Venous Occlusion on Serum Cholesterol and Total Protein Concentration—A Warning
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, M. MOINUDDIN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Serum total cholesterol and total protein concentrations are increased with venous occlusion lasting longer than 2 minutes probably due to hemoconcentration. The range of per cent increase in cholesterol and total protein is as large as 19.8 and 41.0 and 20.0 and 33.5 respectively at the end of 5- and 10-minute periods of venous occlusion. This error introduces serious mistakes in the measurement of this important component of the mechanism of atherogenesis.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Authors: Fred Allison, Margie G. Lancaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Vigorous anticoagulation with heparin sodium and sodium warfarin singly and in combination did not prevent the margination and endothelial sticking reaction of leucocytes in rabbit ear chambers damaged by heat. The general inflammatory reaction observed in this preparation was similarly uninfluenced by the anticoagulants. An unexpected finding after administration of heparin was the enhanced formation of platelet and fibrin-like thrombi within damaged ear chambers. Sodium warfarin did not induce or prevent this heparin effect. Production of these heparin-associated thrombi was minimized in animals subjected to defibrinogenation in vivo whereas leucocytic sticking was not modified. Although defibrinogenation was not absolute, these experiments represent additional proof that the sticking of white blood cells to vascular endothelium is not causally related to the fibrinogen-fibrin system.