tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ignoring the obvious: doctors' wives as patients.
Authors: J Dearlove, T Bate, B Dearlove, P Newman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

There is a widely held belief among doctors and nurses that when a colleague is in hospital, if anything can go wrong during the course of his illness it invariably will. To investigate this belief, we studied prospectively a group of pregnant doctors and doctors' wives, comparing the number of obstetric, paediatric, and psychiatric complications with those in two control groups of similar social class, race, and parity. These were teachers and lecturers and a group of State registered nurses. The occurrence of obstetric and paediatric problems was similar in the three groups. Psychiatric problems, however, were more common among teachers and lecturers (p less than 0.001); this difference was due to the way the nurses on the postnatal wards failed to report mild psychiatric problems among doctors' wives to their colleagues. This difference was not related to the amount of preferential treatment that doctors and doctors' wives received while in hospital.
TCT-52 Difference in the Frequency of procedural complications related to percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions between via retrograde approach vs. via antegrade approach. -A Toyohashi Experience-
Authors: Masashi Kimura, Tomohiko Teramoto, Yasushi Asakura, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Tetsuo Matsubara, Kenya Nasu, Takahiko Suzuki, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Absorption, biotransformation, and storage of halothane
Authors: Duncan A. Holaday
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Current knowledge of the quantitative aspects of biotransformation of halothane and the fate of its metabolites are reviewed. Absorbed quantities of the inhalation anesthetic average 12.7 and 18 g during 1 and 2 hr, respectively, of anesthesia. Reported fractions of halothane recovered as urinary metabolites range from 10 to 25%. An analysis of reports of bromide ion accumulation in plasma during and following anesthesia suggests that metabolism of halothane continues for 20-40 hr after exposure and that 22-24% of absorbed halothane is metabolized following 8 hr of anesthesia. Half-times for excretion of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a principal urinary metabolite of halothane, tend to confirm that biotransformation proceeds for 2 to 3 days following exposure. Other urinary metabolites which occur in small amounts include a dehydrofluorinated metabolite of halothane conjugated with L-cysteine and N-trifluoroacetyl-n-ethanolamine, both of which are evidence of the occurrence of reactive intermediates during the metabolism of halothane. Support for free radical formation has come from in vivo and in vitro demonstrations of stimulation of lipoperoxidation of polyenoic fatty acids by halothane. Irreversible binding of halothane metabolites to microsomal proteins and phospholipids has been shown to depend on the microsomal P-450 cytochrome system. Irreversible binding is increased by microsomal enzyme induction and by anaerobic conditions. Hypoxia increases irreversible binding to phospholipids, augments the release of inorganic fluoride and is followed by centrilobular hepatic necrosis. It is concluded that one-fourth to one-half of halothane undergoes biotransformation in man. One fraction is excreted as trifluoroacetic acid, chloride and bromide. A second fraction is irreversibly bound to hepatic proteins and lipids. Under anaerobic conditions fluoride is released, binding to phospholipids is increased, and hepatic necrosis may occur.
New Challenges for Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ronald Bayer, John Santelli, Robert Klitzman
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiac Arrhythmia: The APACR Study
Authors: Fan He, Michele L. Shaffer, Sol Rodriguez-Colon, Jeff D. Yanosky, Edward Bixler, Wayne E. Cascio, Duanping Liao
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The mechanisms underlying the relationship between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and cardiac disease are not fully understood.We examined the effects and time course of exposure to fine PM [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5))] on cardiac arrhythmia in 105 middle-age community-dwelling healthy nonsmokers in central Pennsylvania.The 24-hr beat-to-beat electrocardiography data were obtained using a high-resolution Holter system. After visually identifying and removing artifacts, we summarized the total number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and premature atrial contractions (PACs) for each 30-min segment. A personal PM(2.5) nephelometer was used to measure individual-level real-time PM(2.5) exposures for 24 hr. We averaged these data to obtain 30-min average time-specific PM(2.5) exposures. Distributed lag models under the framework of negative binomial regression and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the rate ratio between 10-μg/m³ increases in average PM(2.5) over 30-min intervals and ectopy counts.The mean ± SD age of participants was 56 ± 8 years, with 40% male and 73% non-Hispanic white. The 30-min mean ± SD for PM(2.5) exposure was 13 ± 22 μg/m³, and PAC and PVC counts were 0.92 ± 4.94 and 1.22 ± 7.18. Increases of 10 μg/m³ in average PM(2.5) concentrations during the same 30 min or the previous 30 min were associated with 8% and 3% increases in average PVC counts, respectively. PM(2.5) was not significantly associated with PAC count.PM(2.5) exposure within approximately 60 min was associated with increased PVC counts in healthy individuals.
Book Review High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques: Mechanisms, Imaging, Models, and Therapy Edited by Levon Michael Khachigian. 208 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, 2005. $99.95. 0-8493-3028-9
Authors: Julio A. Panza
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
THE VALUE OF PSYCHOANALYSIS AS A THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE
Authors: LEO KESSEL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For the past twelve years we have referred various of our patients to accredited psychoanalysts. Our experiences form the basis of this report. The psychoanalytic movement has had a widespread influence on human thought and conduct. Not only have Freud's monumental contributions influenced modern medicine and related sciences such as psychology, sociology and criminology but they have also been reflected in the seven arts. The internist has a pragmatic interest in psychoanalysis apart from the point of view of general culture. He seeks to define the indications for and the limitations and results of this new therapeutic procedure. Before detailing our data, terms must be defined. One must state (<i>a</i>) the qualifications for a psychoanalyst; (<i>b</i>) a conception of what constitutes an analysis, and (<i>c</i>) a description of the type of clinical material referable to the psychoanalyst for the analysis. <h3>THE PSYCHOANALYST—HIS TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS</h3> It is our opinion that
Abstract 3113: Loss of TLE1 tumor suppressor accelerates myeloid leukemia development in cooperation with N-Myc
Authors: Selvi Ramasamy, Xi Chen, Jianfeng Wang, Daching Ding, David A. Sweetser
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Transducin-like enhancer of split-1 (TLE1) is a novel tumor suppressor gene that is deleted or methylated in subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other hematological malignancies. TLE1 belongs to a family of Gro/TLE proteins that function as corepressors that can bind and potentially inhibit numerous transcription factors known to be involved in development and carcinogenesis including myc, beta-catenin, NF-kB, and TGF-B. In Drosophila Groucho is recognized as a master regulatory gene in development. Our studies and those from other groups have shown that over-expression of TLE1 in leukemia cells slows cell cycle progression, colony formation and tumor growth in xenografts, while silencing results in increased cell proliferation. To further evaluate the role of TLE1 in development and oncogenesis we have knocked out TLE1 in mice. These mice are viable and do not spontaneously develop malignancies in the absence of additional cooperating oncogenes. In Drosophila the TLE homologue Groucho binds and represses Drosophila Myc expression of target genes. N-Myc is important for hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation and is over-expressed in most AML samples. We postulated that TLE 1 might be an important regulator of N-Myc activity in leukemia and the loss of TLE may accelerate the leukemia development in cooperation with N-Myc. We demonstrate here that the loss of Tle1 cooperates with N-Myc to dramatically increase the serial replating and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from fetal livers. Mice transplanted with N-Myc transduced hematopoietic cells from the fetal liver of Tle1 knockout mice developed leukemia with a much shorter latency as compared with fetal liver cells from wild type mice. We are currently investigating the mechanisms of this cooperation. This is the first demonstration that Tle1 is a potent modulator of Myc induced tumorigenesis and may have implications in a broader spectrum of malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3113.
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 decrease RXRα, PPARα, PPARγ, LXRα, and the coactivators SRC-1, PGC-1α, and PGC-1β in liver cells
Authors: Min Sun Kim, Trevor R. Sweeney, Judy K. Shigenaga, Lisa G. Chui, Arthur Moser, Carl Grunfeld, Kenneth R. Feingold
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Biologic effects induced in vitro by PM10 from three different zones of Mexico City.
Authors: Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, Leticia Martínez, Claudia García-Cuellar, James C Bonner, J Clifford Murray, Irma Rosas, Sergio Ponce de León Rosales, Alvaro R Osornio-Vargas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Exposure to urban airborne particles is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. There is little experimental evidence of the mechanisms involved and the role of particle composition. We assessed cytotoxicity (crystal violet assay), apoptosis [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) or annexin V assay], DNA breakage (comet assay), and production of proinflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor Alpha (TNF-Alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and E-selectin (flow cytometry) in cell lines exposed to particulate matter < 10 microm in size (PM10) obtained from the northern, central, and southern zones of Mexico City. Particle concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 160 microg/cm(2). We used epithelial, endothelial, fibroblastic, and monocytic cells and assessed DNA damage in Balb-c cells, TNF-Alpha and IL-6 production in mouse monocytes, and PGE2 in rat lung fibroblasts. We determined the expression of E-selectin in human endothelial cells and evaluated the cytotoxic potential of the PM10 samples in all cell types. PM10 from all three zones of Mexico City caused cell death, DNA breakage, and apoptosis, with particles from the north and central zones being the most toxic. All of these PM10 samples induced secretion of proinflammatory molecules, and particles from the central zone were the most potent. Endothelial cells exposed to PM10 from the three zones expressed similar E-selectin levels. Mexico City PM10 induced biologic effects dependent on the zone of origin, which could be caused by differences in the mixture or size distribution within particle samples. Our data suggest that particle composition as well as particle size should be considered in assessing the adverse effects of airborne particulate pollution.
Giant Vesical Calculus
Authors: Rodney M. Becher
Journal: JAMA (1978)

GIANT vesical calculus weighing 100 g or more is an uncommon urologic entity. A review of the English literature before 1900 revealed reports of 14 cases of giant vesical calculi, and only 15 more have been described since then. This report details the unusual case of a giant vesical calculus, which was composed mainly of uric acid (95%) and less than 5% calcium oxalate monohydrate and rare crystals of sodium acid urate. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old man was noted by his family physician to have increasing azotemia develop over a one-year period. During this interval, the BUN and serum creatinine levels increased from 37 and 1.5 mg/dl to 110 and 8.0 mg/dl, respectively. Infusion intravenous urogram findings demonstrated a large bladder calculus and poorly functioning kidneys bilaterally (Fig 1). In March 1976, he was referred to us for urologic evaluation. He complained of frequency of urinating day and
Shape and position of the complete dose-response curve for inhaled methacholine in normal subjects.
Authors: B J Moore, C C Hilliam, L M Verburgt, B R Wiggs, S Vedal, P D Paré
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Plateaus on the inhalation concentration-response curve have been described in normal subjects and patients with mild asthma. To determine the prevalence of plateaus on inhalation concentration-response curves, and the position of the curves in normal subjects, we measured complete dose-response curves for methacholine (1 mg/ml to 256 mg/ml) in 73 nonatopic, nonsmoking, nonasthmatic normal subjects between the ages of 20 and 76 yr. Measurements included FEV1, maximal expiratory flow at 50% and 30% of vital capacity on partial and complete forced expiratory flow-volume curves (Vmax50p, Vmax50c, Vmax30p, Vmax30c) and pulmonary resistance (RL). Plateau responses, EC50 values and slopes were measured. Plateaus were present in 25, 27, 24, 34, 35, and 16 subjects for FEV1, Vmax50c, Vmax30c, Vmax50p, Vmax30p, and RL, respectively. In those who achieved a plateau, the mean maximal decrease in FEV1 (+/- SD) was 21 +/- 8%, in Vmax50c it was 46 +/- 16%, in Vmax50p it was 67 +/- 12%, in Vmax30c it was 58 +/- 21%, and in Vmax30p it was 75 +/- 15%, and the increase in RL was 213 +/- 89%. In summary, the results of this study showed that easily identifiable plateaus develop on the inhalation concentration-response curves of approximately 40% of normal subjects after only moderate decreases in maximum flow and increases in RL. Maximal response at the plateau was greater on partial flow-volume curves and at lower lung volumes (30% versus 50% of VC). Comparison of these data with data from patients at risk for airway hyperresponsiveness will allow definition of the mechanisms leading to airway hyperresponsiveness.
Selective expansion of human gamma delta T cells by monocytes infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: D V Havlir, J J Ellner, K A Chervenak, W H Boom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Gamma delta (gamma delta) T cell receptor (TCR) expressing T cells comprise 3% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, yet their role in the immune response remains largely unknown. There is evidence both in humans and in animal models that these cells participate in the immune response to mycobacterial antigens. In mice, exposure to mycobacterial antigens leads to the expansion of gamma delta T cells in draining lymph nodes and lungs. In humans, gamma delta T cell lines with reactivity to mycobacterial antigens have been derived from synovial fluid of a rheumatoid arthritis patient, skin lesions of leprosy patients, and peripheral blood of a healthy tuberculin reactor. Very little is known, however, about the factors which induce human gamma delta T cells to expand. In studies comparing the human T cell response to live and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), we have found that monocytes infected with live MT are very effective inducers of human gamma delta T cell expansion. After 7 d of exposure to live MT, gamma delta T cells were greatly increased in all healthy tuberculin reactors (PPD+) tested and frequently were the predominant T cell population. In contrast, heat-killed MT or purified protein products of MT induced a CD4+, alpha beta TCR+ T cell response with very little increase in gamma delta T cells. Furthermore, a similar selective induction of gamma delta T cells was observed when monocytes infected with live Salmonella were used to stimulate T cells. Heat-killed Salmonella, like heat-killed MT, induced a predominantly CD4+ alpha beta TCR+ T cell response. These findings suggest that human gamma delta T cells are a major reactive T cell population during the early stages of infection with living intracellular bacteria and are therefore likely to exert an important role in the initial interaction between host and parasite.
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure With Periodic Peritoneal Lavage
Authors: Victor Vertes
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The cases of 26 patients with terminal renal failure, who no longer responded to conservative management, were evaluated for a program of intermittent peritoneal lavage. Thirteen of these patients were selected for treatment with peritoneal lavage performed once every three weeks with the use of a multiple-puncture technique. It was possible to maintain these patients symptom-free and ambulatory for an average period of six months. No serious complications were encountered with the treatment. The data presented demonstrate that patients with terminal renal failure, who no longer respond to usual treatment, can be supported by intermittent peritoneal lavage provided some residual renal function is present. The presence of 24-hour urine volume of at least 500 cc and a time interval of at least two weeks between the first and need for second peritoneal lavage are the best criteria for assessing the needed residual renal function.
Abstract P5-15-01: Cost-effectiveness of gene expression profiling for ductal carcinoma in-situ (Oncotype DCIS Score)
Authors: MD Alvarado, BL Harrison, LJ Solin, EM Ozanne
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) affects nearly 50,000 women each year. More than 75% of women who receive lumpectomy (BCS) for DCIS undergo whole breast radiation (XRT), which is known to prevent local recurrences. A molecular assay for DCIS has recently been validated, that identifies low-risk biology and may give insight into the need for adjuvant XRT. We sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of the Oncotype DCIS Score™ for risk stratification in newly diagnosed DCIS. METHODS: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of using this molecular assay (validated in the E5194 study) compared to standard clinical assessment to determine treatment recommendation for XRT. A Markov model was developed in TreeAge Pro 2011 and simulated relevant outcomes over a lifetime horizon for 55-year-old women. For those in the intervention arm who are stratified by the assay, it was assumed that 75% of women (low DCIS score) did not receive XRT and had local risk of recurrence (LRR) of 12%; 25% were intermediate or high risk by the DCIS score (LRR of 26%) and received 6 weeks of XRT with an assumed LRR of 13%. For those in the standard care arm who are stratified by clinical assessment, an assumed 25% did not receive XRT and had LRR of 15.4%; 75% received 6 weeks of XRT with an estimated LRR of 7.7%. Recurrence rates were based on ECOG 5194 and assumed 50% reduction with XRT. Utilities were derived from literature. Direct medical costs were obtained from Medicare fee schedule; indirect costs (time and transportation for XRT) were ascertained. RESULTS: On average, the intervention (assay) strategy was less costly than the clinical assessment strategy by approximately $1000/patient, with similar life expectancies (17.15 vs 17.11, respectively) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (16.777 vs 16.789). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for changing strategy from the assay to clinical assessment was approximately $95,000/QALY, at the upper limit of the societal accepted willingness-to-pay threshold. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the conservative assumptions that the benefit of XRT is independent of biology and that at least 75% of patients in E5194 would typically be offered XRT, the assay strategy is more cost-effective than standard clinical assessment. Additional research is needed to better understand health state utilities associated with less treatment as it pertains to risk of recurrence. Further validation studies of the assay are needed to accurately assess radiation benefit across all risk groups. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-01.