tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Natural History of Leber's Congenital Amoaurosis
Authors: Katrinka L. Heher, Elias I. Traboulsi, Irene H. Maumenee
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The authors studied 35 patients with Leber's congenital amaurosis and assessed visual acuity, fundus appearance, and systemic findings. The patients were arbitrarily divided into five age groups. Visual acuities were comparable at all ages. Of 22 patients seen for follow-up examinations (mean length of follow-up, 5 years), vision worsened slightly in only 4 patients (3 with macular coloboma-like lesions and 1 with keratoconus). Fifty percent of retinal examinations in patients younger than 1 year of age were normal. With increasing age, retinal pigmentary changes became evident. All but four patients seen on more than one occasion developed progressive retinal/retinal pigment epithelium changes. Cataracts (5 patients) and keratoconus (3 patients) were present only in older patients (9 to 33 years of age). In Leber's congenital amaurosis, which probably comprises a number of genetically heterogenous conditions, visual acuity remains stable despite progressive retinal pigmentary changes. The subgroup of patients with macular colobomas, however, may develop progressive decrease in vision. Cataracts and keratoconus are additional factors contributing to visual impairment in older patients.
Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system in patients with active or inactive Behçet's disease
Authors: S. Turkmen, H.B. Ayabakan, S. Buldanlioglu, N. Yenice, M. Vardar, S. Dogan, E. Mercan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background One of the prominent features of Behçet's disease (BD) is vasculitis and thrombosis as a result of endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for endothelial vasorelaxation and inhibition of platelet adhesion. Objectives To assess serum total NO, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with BD and to correlate their levels with disease activity. Methods The study group consisted of 49 patients with BD and 26 healthy control subjects. None of the subjects was given a standardized diet. Patients with any systemic disease were excluded. Patients with BD were randomized to two groups according to their disease activity (active/inactive, 26/23). We measured serum total NO levels using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method, and SOD, GSH‐Px, TAS and MDA levels by spectrophotometric methods. Results In patients with active disease (n = 26), serum total NO levels were found to be significantly decreased when compared with the inactive (n = 23) and control (n = 26) groups. Levels were also significantly lower in patients with inactive disease and in total BD patients (n = 49) than in the controls. GSH‐Px activities and TAS levels were significantly lower in total BD patients than those in the controls. Patients with active disease and total BD patients exhibited markedly higher MDA levels than the control subjects. MDA levels in the patients with active disease were also found to be elevated compared with the patients with inactive disease. Conclusions We conclude that changes in parameters associated with oxidative stress such as NO‐related processes, activities of antioxidant enzymes in the bloodstream and erythrocytes and total plasma antioxidant capacity are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of the vasculitis seen in BD.
Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Cancer—Reply
Authors: Christine M. Velicer, Susan R. Heckbert, John D. Potter, Stephen H. Taplin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
I and the Village
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
950. βhCG Expressing CRAd for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maria Rajecki, Lotta Kangasniemi, Mikko Tenhunen, Anna Kanerva, Renee A. Desmond, Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Martti Y. Ala-Opas, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa) remains incurable. Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) are attractive therapeutic agents for cancer due to their innate capacity for oncolysis. Transduction efficacy of nativeadenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) may be low due to variable expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) on advanced PrCa cells. CRAds can be retargeted and genetically modified for tumor enhanced replication. Targeting Ads to the serotype 3 receptor might enhance transduction of tumor cells. A molecule, such as βhCG, secreted in conjunction with viral replication might provide a means to detect viral replication and kinetics non-invasively in vivo. Radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment for PrCa but cannot cure advanced disease. Interaction of radiation with Ad infection is poorly understood. Moreover, Ad E1A might theoretically enhance irradiation induced apoptosis. Methods and results: Transduction of PrCa cells was tested with capsid modified luciferase expressing Ads. A vector containing the serotype 3 knob was found most effective. In MTS assays improved transduction translated into enhanced oncolysis by a serotype 3 capsid modified replicative agent. A new virus, Ad5/3Δ24hCG, containing a 24 bp deletion in the E1A region and expressing βhCG from a native E3 promoter, was created and studied for oncolysis and replication in PrCa cells. The CR2 deletion in E1A results in replication selectivity for Rb-p16 pathway dysfunctional cells. Ad5/3Δ24hCG was effective in killing of PrCa cells. Moreover, increasing amounts of βhCG were detected as viral replication proceeded. The same effects were observed in a mouse model resulting in tumor growth inhibition and detection of βhCG in blood samples of Ad5/3Δ24hCG treated mice. Ad5/3Δ24hCG induced production of βhCG was tested in tissue samples of PrCa and non-malignant prostate and resulted in high production of βhCG in PrCa tissue when production remained low in normal tissue. To determine if irradiation could potentiate the oncolytic effect of CRAds, PrCa cells were irradiated at different doses of γ-radiation. Since it has been proposed that radiation prior to infection increases the expression of receptors relevant for Ad entry, we assayed if there was a difference in oncolysis when cancer cells were infected before or after irradiation. Conclusions: Ad5/3Δ24hCG effectively infects and kills PrCa cells and produces βhCG in concordance with virus replication. The virus is effective in suppressing growth of PrCa tumors in mice, and replication in vivo was confirmed by detection of βhCG in serum samples. Ad5/3Δ24hCG induced higher βhCG in fresh malignantprostate tissue than in non-malignant, suggesting tumor specific replication. Combining Ad5/3Δ24hCG treatment to irradiation potentiates cancer cell death.
Studies Explore Strategies for Staying Sharp
Authors: Marilyn Albert
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 19203: A Case of New Supraventricular Tachycardia During Pregnancy, With the Development of Post-partum Eclampsia, Torsades De Pointes, and Long Qt Syndrome: Is There a Connection?
Authors: Tarak Rambhatla, Arber Kodra, Evan Levine, Stavros Mountantonakis, Kabir Bhasin, Nicholas Skipitaris
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: There is a mechanistic link between QT prolongation and the development of TdP. Women with LQTS have an increased risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias during the postpartum period,however,there is limited data on the effects of pregnancy on those without a prolonged QT prior to delivery. Case Description: The patient is a 22 y/o female with no history of arrhythmia.During pregnancy she had three episodes of SVT,each prompting hospital admissions.ECG showed a heart rate of 148-163bpm,a QTc of 390 to 410ms,and laboratory data a magnesium level of 1.6.On day 3 after a scheduled cesarean section, she suffered a eclamptic seizure and then a Tdp induced cardiac arrest.Magnesium was immediately given.CPR was performed for 31 minutes until return of spontaneous circulation was achieved.The patient had an extended ICU course but was eventually discharged home with her newborn twins,a subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator (S-ICD),multiple postpartum ECGs showing QTc of 493 to 524ms,and a diagnosis of LQTS. Discussion: Pregnancy increases or precipitate cardiac arrhythmias not previously present in otherwise healthy females. In women with LQTS, there have been studies that have shown significant increases in arrhythmias and SCD during the 9 months postpartum.Also recognized are silent forms of congenital LQTS in which patients are arrhythmia free until exposed to a precipitant.5-10% of patients who develop drug-induced TdP are silent carriers of gene mutations related to LQTS, suggesting a “second hit” can uncover the LQTS phenotype despite a “normal” QTc in the unprovoked state. This emphasizes the importance of other potential ‘hits’ that can uncover a LQTS, particularly relevant to this case, the postpartum period.To our knowledge,this is the first case of a simultaneously occurring eclamptic seizure and TdP induced cardiac arrest both successfully treated with IV magnesium.This is also the first report,to our knowledge,of multiple episodes of SVT occurring during pregnancy in a patient who subsequently developed postpartum eclampsia,TdP,SVT,and LQTS. Further studies are needed to identify patients at high risk for postpartum induced LQTS/TdP and if SVT during pregnancy is a risk factor, as well as twin births and Cesarian deliveries.
Measurement of plasma osteopontin for detection of recurrent cervical cancer
Authors: Y. F. Wong, T. H. Cheung, K. W. K. Lo, S. F. Yim, T. K. H. Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4511 

Though cervical cancer is highly curable when detected early, it remains the leading cause of gynecological cancer death worldwide. 95% of cervical cancer are squamous cell in origin. At present, no clinically useful biomarker is available for cervical cancer yet, in particular, for the detection of recurrent cervical cancer. Increased protein expression of osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein 1, SPP1) gene, a ligand for integrin alpha-V/beta-3 and CD44 receptors has been found to be associated with metastasis in several types of human cancer. Recently, we performed global gene expression profiling of cervical squamous cell carcinoma using oligonucleotide microarray and found osteopontin gene was significantly over-regulated in the cervical cancer. The finding was further validated using real-time RT-PCR in an independent set of cancer and control specimens. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating osteopontin protein is clinically useful biomarker in the detection of recurrent cervical cancer. Prior to treatment plasma samples were collected from 198 patients with primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma in which 76 cases were in clinical stage I, 61 cases in stage II, and 61 cases in stage III-IV, respectively. In addition, plasma samples were obtained from 100 control women without evidence suffered with malignant disease as well as 16 patients with recurrence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Osteopontin measurement was carried out using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results showed the median plasma osteopontin level was 150 ng/ml (range, 25-485), 431 ng/ml (range, 47-2,388), and 491 ng/ml (range, 47-2,443) in control, primary cancer and recurrent cancer groups, respectively. Their 95% confidence interval for the mean level (ng/ml) was 99.82 thru 192.9, 433.0 thru 551.3, and 616 thru 849.4 in these three groups, respectively. The mean plasma osteopontin level in both primary and recurrent cancers was significantly higher than that in control group (p  0.05). The results obtained from this study suggest the measurement of plasma osteopontin might be useful in detecting recurrent cervical squamous cell carcinoma. However, before firm conclusion can be drawn, investigation in larger number of patients with recurrent cervical cancer, in particular, with a longitudinal study is necessary.
The effect of systemic corticosteroid therapy on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4 in the cutaneous lesions of leprosy Type 1 reactions
Authors: S.L. Walker, C.H. Roberts, S.E. Atkinson, S. Khadge, M. Macdonald, K.D. Neupane, C. Ranjit, B.R. Sapkota, S. Dhakal, R.A. Hawksworth, K. Mahat, S. Ruchal, S. Hamal, D.A. Hagge, D.N.J. Lockwood
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Leprosy is complicated by immunological reactions which can occur before, during and after successful completion of multidrug therapy. Genetic studies have suggested that polymorphisms in toll-like receptors (TLRs) may affect the susceptibility of an individual with leprosy to developing Type 1 reactions.To examine the gene and protein expression of TLRs in the cutaneous lesions of leprosy Type 1 reactions at the onset of reaction and during systemic corticosteroid therapy.Patients who were being treated for leprosy type 1 reactions with corticosteroids as part of a randomized controlled trial of corticosteroid treatment had skin biopsies performed before, during and at the end of treatment. The gene and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were measured.We have demonstrated that the gene hARP-P0 is a suitable control gene for TLR gene expression studies in this population. The gene and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were both reduced significantly during corticosteroid treatment.This is the first study to examine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in vivo in individuals experiencing leprosy Type 1 reactions. The data support the possibility of an important role for TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of this important complication of leprosy.
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in cystic fibrosis and the cystic fibrosis carrier state: a case-control study
Authors: R. Gild, C.D. Clay, S. Morey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms (AWP) is hyperwrinkling occurring within 3 min of exposure to water. It is associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and has been reported in a CF carrier.To ascertain if AWP is a sign of the CF carrier state and to test for an association between cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein function and time to wrinkling.Twenty-one patients, 13 carriers and 15 controls were recruited. Hands were immersed in water and time to wrinkling was measured. An analysis of variance was performed with mean time to wrinkling as the dependent variable and CF status as the independent variable. Patients with a time to wrinkling of ≤ 3 min were defined as having AWP. A test of proportions was performed to assess if the proportion of patients with AWP varied between groups.Mean time to wrinkling was 11 min in controls, 7 min in carriers and 2 min in patients with CF. AWP was not seen in controls, but occurred in 80% of patients with CF and 25% of carriers. There was a significant difference between groups (P < 0·001).The study demonstrated that AWP is a sign of both CF and the carrier state. It suggests that time to wrinkling decreases with decreased CFTR protein function. Patients presenting with AWP should be offered screening for both CF and the carrier state.
In type 1 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy for 6.5 y reduced mortality at 27 y compared with usual care
Authors: Kasia J. Lipska, Victor M. Montori
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Writing Group for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Orchard TJ, Nathan DM, Zinman B, et al. Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes and long-term mortality. JAMA. 2015;313:45-53. 25562265
Survey of European programmes for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital toxoplasmosis
Authors: A Bénard, E Petersen, R Salamon, G Chêne, R Gilbert, L R Salmi, None for the European Toxo Prevention Study Group (EUROTOXO)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The objective of this investigation was to describe systems for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital toxoplasmosis implemented in European countries. In September 2004, a questionnaire, adapted from the evaluation criteria published by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was sent to a panel of national correspondents in 35 countries in the European geographical area with knowledge of the epidemiological surveillance systems implemented in their countries. Where necessary, we updated the information until July 2007. Responses were received from 28 countries. Some 16 countries reported routine surveillance for toxoplasmosis. In 12 countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, England and Wales, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Scotland and Slovakia), surveillance was designed to detect only symptomatic toxoplasmosis, whether congenital or not. Four countries reported surveillance of congenital toxoplasmosis, on a regional basis in Italy and on a national basis in Denmark, France and Germany. In conclusion, epidemiological surveillance of congenital toxoplasmosis needs to be improved in order to determine the true burden of disease and to assess the effectiveness of and the need for existing prevention programmes.
PROBLEMS OF FLUID BALANCE IN THE TRAUMATIZED PATIENT
Authors: Jonathan E. Rhoads
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 June 1943PROBLEMS OF FLUID BALANCE IN THE TRAUMATIZED PATIENTJONATHAN E. RHOADS, M.D., Sc. D. (MED.)JONATHAN E. RHOADS, M.D., Sc. D. (MED.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-6-988 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrom the standpoint of therapy, body fluids may be considered as composed of water, sodium chloride, glucose, basic ions such as sodium, acid ions such as chloride and the protein and cellular constituents of the blood. There are, of course, numerous other solutes in the plasma such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium chlorides, urea and various phosphates, but with the exception of calcium in certain unusual conditions the need for parenteral administration of these substances has not been demonstrated.Perhaps the commonest disturbance of fluid balance due to trauma is blood loss as in hemorrhage. In this condition all of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Presented October 22, 1942, at a program of Postgraduate Nights arranged by the American College of Physicians at the United States Naval Hospital, Philadelphia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1943Volume 18, Issue 6Page: 988-990KeywordsBloodCalciumHemorrhageMagnesiumPhosphatesPotassium chlorideProteinsSodiumSodium chlorideUrea ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...