tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AZATHIOPRINE IN CHILDREN WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: M. Abramowicz, H.L. Barnett, C.M. Edelmann, I. Greifer, O. Kobayashi, G.C. Arneil, B.A. Barron, G. GORDILLO-P, N. Hallman, H.A. Tiddens
Journal: The Lancet (1970)
A More Robust Test of the Penrose Hypothesis
Authors: Alexander C. Tsai, Atheendar S. Venkataramani
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Exclusion of the 5-HT1A serotonin neuroreceptor and tryptophan oxygenase genes in a large British kindred multiply affected with Tourette's syndrome, chronic motor tics, and obsessive-compulsive behavior
Authors: P M Brett, D Curtis, M M Robertson, H M Gurling
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder or behavior and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. It has been hypothesized that the serotonergic system is implicated in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, the authors investigated whether genetic variation in a serotonergic receptor and a modifying enzyme were associated with Tourette's syndrome.A linkage analysis using DNA and blood group markers was carried out in a large British kindred multiply affected with Tourette's syndrome, chronic motor tics, and obsessive-compulsive behavior.There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that genetic variation in the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor and tryptophan oxygenase genes causes susceptibility to Tourette's syndrome and chronic multiple tics.The results eliminate two possible candidate genes from having a role in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome.
HNPCC-like cancer predisposition in mice through simultaneous loss of Msh3 and Msh6 mismatch-repair protein functions
Authors: Niels de Wind, Marleen Dekker, Nanna Claij, Léon Jansen, Yvonne van Klink, Miroslav Radman, Greg Riggins, Martin van der Valk, Karin van 't Wout, Hein te Riele
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Abstract 1995: The Functional analyses of Oct4 in metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiongzhu Dong, Chun Dai, Huliang Jia, Lunxiu Qin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract There is an increasing evidence that in a malignant bulk tumor, a small proportion of ‘cancer stem cells’ exist, leading to tumorigenesis,metastasis or recurrence by their plasticity. However, the functional status and significance of stem cell factors in hepatocellular carcinogenesis is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 3 stem cell factors: Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in HCC patients, and found that Oct4 and Sox2, 3 stem cell factors, were expressed in HCCs. Expression of Oct4 correlated with HCC recurrence and metastasis. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, Oct4 was demonstrated to significantly promote in vitro cell proliferation, invasion, transformation. In addition, Oct4 reduced chemosensitivity of HCC cells. Importantly, Oct4 enhanced in vivo tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice models bearing human HCC. Moreover, Oct4 dramatically stimulated expression of HCC stem cell markers, including Epcam,ELF, KLF4,CD44 and CD133 as well as stem cell signaling pathway (IL-6/surviving, TGF-beta and Wnt / beta-catenin passway). Conclusion: Oct4 plays a critical role in HCC development and progression and its deregulated signaling could be a promising new molecular target for designing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to control this malignancy Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Qiongzhu Dong, Chun Dai, Huliang Jia, Lunxiu Qin. The Functional analyses of Oct4 in metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1995. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1995
Mammalian heparanase: Gene cloning, expression and function in tumor progression and metastasis
Authors: Israel Vlodavsky, Yael Friedmann, Michael Elkin, Helena Aingorn, Ruth Atzmon, Rivka Ishai-Michaeli, Menachem Bitan, Orit Pappo, Tuvia Peretz, Israel Michal, Larissa Spector, Iris Pecker
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)
Nuclear localization of activated STAT6 and STAT3 in epidermis of prurigo nodularis
Authors: S. Fukushi, K. Yamasaki, S. Aiba
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Background Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic dermatitis characterized by discrete, raised, and firm papulonodules with intense pruritus. The pathogenesis still remains to be elucidated. Objectives To clarify the role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of PN. Methods We examined the cytokine signatures, such as phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT6, HLA-DR and hyaluronan accumulation, to reveal the Th1 and Th2 cytokine influence on the lesional epidermis of PN. Results We first optimized antigen retrieval methods to detect these signatures with antibodies for phospho-STAT1 (pSTAT1), phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3), phospho-STAT6 (pSTAT6), HLA-DR and hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP) on the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of psoriasis, lichen planus and atopic dermatitis biopsy samples. Activation of STAT1 and STAT6 in epidermis by Th1 and Th2 cytokines was further confirmed in a cultured skin equivalent model treated with interferon-γ or interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. With the relevant immunostaining methods, we examined the cytokine signatures in 22 cases of PN. The results revealed that (i) the entire epidermis of 19 cases was stained with anti-pSTAT6 antibody, (ii) 21 cases demonstrated nuclear staining with anti-pSTAT3 antibody, (iii) the entire epidermis of 21 cases was stained with HABP, (iv) the epidermis of eight cases showed scattered staining with anti-pSTAT1 antibody, and (v) six cases were positive for HLA-DR membrane expression. Conclusions These data indicated that Th2 cytokines related to STAT6 activation together with some unknown stimuli that activate STAT3 play a principal role in the pathogenesis of PN.
Epworth sleepiness scale ratings – What does “in recent times” mean?
Authors: Werner Cassel, Thomas Ploch, Andreas Jerrentrup, Sebastian Canisius, Vogelmeier Claus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: In patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), daytime sleepiness is routinely assessed with the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). It requires the estimation of the likelihood to fall asleep in eight daily life situations. The wording “This refers to your usual way of life in recent times” keeps the time scale for this assessment vague. We were interested in the actual time frame used by untreated OSA patients and patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to estimate their sleepiness.

Methods: A time scale with a range from “one day” to “30 years or more” was printed on the backside of the ESS. Patients were asked to rate what “in recent times” meant to them. In addition, ESS scores and type of visit (diagnosis (D), treatment check (T)) were evaluated.

Results: 94 diagnostic and 73 CPAP patients participated. Diagnostic patients based their sleepiness assessment on a median time frame of 24 months (1st quartile (Q1) 12, 3rd quartile (Q3) 60 months). CPAP patients administered a significantly (p<0.001) shorter time scale of six months (Q1 3 months, Q3 24 months). For both groups, the time scale was independent from sleepiness severity (D r=0.039, p=0.708, T r= -0.044, p=0.701). As expected, diagnostic patients were sleepier than controls (median ESS score D 9 (Q1 6, Q3 13), T 6 (Q1 4, Q3 9), p<0.001).

Conclusion: Patients with untreated OSA use a surprisingly long time frame of 2 years to estimate their habitual sleepiness while CPAP-treated patients apply a much shorter time scale of 6 months. This indicates an adjustment of the subjective time scale due to treatment related changes and should be taken into account when the ESS is used to document changes in sleepiness.
Long-term efficacy and respective potencies of botulinum toxin A and B: a randomized, double-blind study
Authors: G. Kranz, A. Paul, B. Voller, M. Posch, C. Windischberger, E. Auff, T. Sycha
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Mouse units (mU) are used for quantification of the biological activity of botulinum A and B toxin preparations. However, in human tissue, mU values between preparations are not equivalent and lack of clarity concerning efficacy and safety remains with regard to their respective potencies, duration of drug effect and diffusion qualities.To compare short-term and long-term effects of Botox(®) (BOT; Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) and Neurobloc(®)/Myobloc(®) (NBC; Solstice Neurosciences Inc., Malvern, PA, U.S.A.) in different doses and dilutions in a human skin model.In this prospective randomized double-blind study, 18 healthy volunteers (eight women and 10 men; mean ± SD age 28·4 ± 5·7 years) were injected intradermally with pure saline, BOT and NBC at 10 points in the abdomen in random order, using the BOT/NBC conversion ratio 1 : 75 and different dilution schemes. For an objective outcome, the ninhydrin sweat test was used to compare the anhidrotic areas (action halos). Ten measurements were taken during a time period of 54 weeks.Both preparations showed a peak effect at week 3, with significantly larger anhidrotic areas for NBC. Thereafter, however, the rate of decline was lower in BOT and after week 24, mean BOT areas were larger. The effect of dilution was higher in NBC and the mean dose equivalence conversion ratio (BOT/NBC) was 1 : 29 (area under the curve). Gender effects were seen in both products, with smaller action halos in women.These results have important implications in clinical routine, especially for autonomic indications.
Mechanisms of immunotherapy and surrogate markers
Authors: S. Till
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Understanding mechanisms of inducible antigen-specific tolerance will improve immunotherapy and reveal the most relevant biomarkers for objectively measuring response to immunotherapy in clinical trials and routine practice. Various physiological and laboratory parameters are proposed as biomarkers of an immunological response to vaccines, although their surrogacy for clinical end points is unproven. Examples of physiological biomarkers include suppression of allergen-induced early- and late-phase responses. Laboratory biomarkers include increases in bioactive allergen-specific IgG and IgA levels and T-cell interleukin (IL)-10 production. There is a continuing unmet need for biomarkers that will allow prediction of treatment efficacy and assist in monitoring the response after starting therapy or postwithdrawal.
503. Gene Transfer Strategies for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Larry G. Johnson, Manij Patel, Miriam K. Vanhook, John C. Olsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Pulmonary hypertension may be a potential disease target for alveolar gene transfer by luminal delivery. We hypothesize that long-term expression of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) cDNA can ameliorate the manifestations of pulmonary hypertension in mouse models. To test this hypothesis, we are exploring the utility of alveolar gene transfer mediated by luminal delivery of adenoassociated virus (AAV) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vectors in comparison to vascular (internal jugular vein) route of delivery in vivo. AAV (serotypes 1 and 5) and EIAV vectors pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G) were produced containing either reporter genes or the PGIS cDNA under control of the clara cell 10 kd (CC10), beta actin promoter with cytomegalovirus enhancer (CB), or murine U1a promoters. Vector (50 ul of 1012 vector genomes/ml AAV; 109 infectious units (IU)/ml EIAV) was instilled luminally (nasally or intratracheally) and compared to internal jugular vein (IJ) administration of the same dose of vec-tor in mice. The mice were euthanized and transgene expression assessed by biochemical assays and histochemistry. In initial studies, AAV5-CB human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) vectors and AAV5-U1a green fluorescent protein (GFP) vectors mediated more efficient gene transfer to alveolar epithelia than AAV1 vectors with the same reporter expression cassettes. Transgene expression was detected in multiple cell types by histochemical analysis following transduction with AAV vectors containing the CB and U1a promoters, whereas expression from an AAV vector with a CC10 promoter was more specific to alveolar type II and airway epithelial cells. Luminal gene transfer efficiency was similar to IJ vein administration for AAV1 vectors, but AAV5 vectors provided more efficient gene transfer following luminal (nasal) rather than IJ delivery. Both AAV1 and AAV5 vectors mediated reporter gene expression for more than 3 months following nasal administration when driven by CB and U1a promoters, but AAV1 vector-mediated expression was attenuated by 70% over a 60 day period, whereas AAV5-mediated re-porter gene expression was only attenuated by 30%. Expression from both vectors remained stable from 60–90 days after transduction. With regard to lentivectors, luminal (intratracheal) delivery of a VSV-G pseudotyped EIAV-lacZ vector exhibited inefficient gene transfer. However, in vivo luminal delivery of a VSV-G pseudotyped EIAV-PGIS vector mediated a 1.3 fold increase in 6-keto-PGF1alpha (the nonenzymatic hydrolysis product of prostacyclin) levels in serum and IJ delivery induced a 2.2-fold increase in serum 6-ketoPGF1alpha levels. These data suggest that vectors with potential for long-term expression can mediate reporter gene and therapeutic transgene expression following in vivo delivery by vascular and luminal delivery routes and offer hope for gene transfer approaches to pulmonary hypertension.
Sudden Death In Children with Cardiomyopathy: Long Term Follow-Up from a National Population-Based Study of Childhood Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tara Bharucha, Andrew M. Davis, Christian Turner, Robert Justo, Terry Robertson, Jim Ramsay, Piers E. Daubeney, Alan W. Nugent, Ingrid King, Robert G. Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Treating chronic fatigue with exercise
Authors: E. Goudsmit
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Breast cancer screening: false positive rate is lower in older womenEditor-Werneke and McPherson 1 question the detection rates of cancer observed in the breast screening programme in East Sussex, Brighton, and Hove that we reported in our recent paper. 2 They suggest that these are the result of a high proportion of false positive screens.It is unfortunate that they did not consult us beforehand.The paper gives results of an ongoing study, but the cancers reported are those confirmed by histological examination after surgery, not preliminary suspected cancers at "positive" screens.The statistical programme was not run until some months after the end of the screening period, when all the screening episodes had been completed and the women concerned had been assessed, diagnosed, and operated on as appropriate.The East Sussex area has always tended to have a high detection rate for cancer, possibly because of the local sociodemographic composition of the population, and the rate over this period was higher than in the following year, without being exceptional.The 1995-6 result for the whole South West Thames region was 7.6 women with cancer for every 1000 women screened overall. 3he small study of older women in north London found 14.2 women with cancer per 1000 women screened aged 65-9. 4uring the period reported in our study the recall for assessment rate in women aged 65-7 was 4.6% (95% confidence interval 3.9% to 5.2%) and 6.2% (5.2% to 7.2%) in those aged 68-9, compared with 6.1% (5.8% to 6.4%) in those aged 50-64.Given the higher number of cancers detected this indicates a lower false positive rate in older women.This is to be expected because of the relative ease of interpreting mammograms and decreasing incidence of benign breast lesions in older women. 5 We now have the first year's results from the other two pilot sites, which will be published in due course.They confirm higher detection rates of cancer in older women but similar recall rates.Attendance is also encouragingly high.
Induction of monocyte– and T-cell–attracting chemokines in the lung during the generation of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following allogeneic murine bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Robert M. Strieter, John R. Hermanson, Konstantin V. Fegeding, William J. Murphy, Catherine L. Farrell, David L. Lacey, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2000)
SYPHILIS AND GONORRHEA AS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS
Authors: John L. Rice
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 October 1938SYPHILIS AND GONORRHEA AS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMSJOHN L. RICE, M.D.JOHN L. RICE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-4-503 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe basic principles of a syphilis and gonorrhea control program are essentially the same for all communities. Differences may exist in the manner of administration and in the volume of service performed, but the problem of controlling these diseases and its solution are common to both urban and rural localities. Our main interest is in the reduction and, we dare hope, the eventual eradication of these diseases from our population.Two fundamental aims of a control program are, first, the discovery of cases of syphilis and gonorrhea, and, secondly, placing them under medical care at least until they are no... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*A clinical lecture at the Department of Health in connection with the Twenty-Second Annual Session, American College of Physicians, New York, N. Y., April 8, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1938Volume 12, Issue 4Page: 503-507KeywordsGonorrheaPrevention, policy, and public healthSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...
A microtiter assay for activation of eosinophils
Authors: C. M. Reimert, P. S. Skov, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (1998)

A simple microtiter assay for eosinophil activation is described. The assay used 1000–4000 eosinophils/microtiter well, and the design allows for a separate or simultaneous quantitative assessment of eosinophil adhension to protein‐coated microtiter wells and degranulation after stimulation with eosinophil‐activating factors. The number of adherent eosinophils is quantified indirectly by expressing the amount of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) extracted from the adherent fraction of cells in percentage of the total amount of ECP extracted from the adherent fraction of cells in percentage of the total amount of ECP extracted from the cells added to the wells. Degranulation is quantified in the same way by expressing the amount of ECP or eosinophil protein X (EPX) released to the supernatant in percentage of the total amount of ECP or EPX. Known eosinophil‐activating agents such as PMA, interleukin (IL)‐3, IL‐5, GM‐CSF, and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) all induced a time‐ and does‐dependent adhension to albumin‐coated wells, whereas L_PAF did not. KInetic experiments showed that most adhesion occurred within the first 15–30 min, reaching a plateau around 60 min. After prolonged incubation, a decline in adhesion was detected. GM‐CSF‐induced adhesion was completely inhibited by incubation with monoclonal antibodies directed against the common β 2 ‐chain (CD18) of the LFA‐1, Mac‐1, p150,95 complexes. Monoclonal antibodies against CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, VLA‐4 ALFA, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, Sialyl‐Le m , ELAM‐1, and LECAM had no inhibitory effect. Simultaneous monitoring of adhesion and degranulation after stimulation of eosinophils in albumincoated wells with either PMA or GM‐CSF showed that adhesion always preceded degranulation. Replacing the albumin coating of the microtiter wells with IgG or secretory IgA augmented both the spontaneous and the PMA‐ or GM‐CSF‐stimulated responses. In conclusion, the assay allows dynamic evaluation of eosinophil activationa dn can be used to assess soluble eosinophil‐activating factors as well as to study eosinophil activation by solidphase‐bound proteins.
Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology.
Authors: etc., Elmer W Koneman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Introduction to microbiology Part 1 - the role of microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of infectious diseases - guidelines to practice and management introduction to microbiology Part 2 - guidelines for the collection, transport, processing, analysis, and reporting of cultures from specific specimen types the enterobacteriaceae the nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli curved gram-negative bacilli and oxidase-positive fermenters - compaylobacters and bivrionaceae haemophilus miscellaneous fastidious gram-negative bacilli legionella neisseria and morxaella catarrhalis the gram-positive cocci Part 1 - staphylococci and related organisms the gram-positive cocci Part 2 - streptococci and streptococcus-like bacteria the aerobic gram-positive bacilli the anaerobic bacteria antimicrobial susceptibility testing mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas mycobacteria spirochetal infections mycology parasitology diagnosis of infections caused by viruses, chlamydia, rickettsia, and related organisms current rapid techniques and emerging technologies in the laboratory diagnois of infectious diseases.
Abstract 13409: Generation of CD8+ Effector Memory T cells by Diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia in apoE-/- Mice
Authors: Paul C Dimayuga, Kuang Yuh Chyu, Xiaoning Zhao, Juliana Yano, Jianchang Zhou, Wai Man Lio, Bojan Cercek, Prediman K Shah
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: We recently reported that the cholesterol milieu affects T cell phenotype. Increasing evidence indicates a role for CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis, yet the effect of hypercholesterolemia on CD8+ T cell effector phenotype and function remain unclear. To better understand the mechanistic role of CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis, we investigated CD8+ T cell effector response and function in response to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in apoE-/- mice. Methods and Results: Seven week-old apoE-/- mice were fed either normal chow (NC, N=5) or western-type diet (WD, N=5) for 6 weeks and were euthanized at 13 weeks of age. Spleens were collected at euthanasia and stained for flow cytometry or subjected to CD8+ T cell isolation for use in cytolytic assays using oxLDL-primed macrophages as target cells. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly increased in WD compared to NC fed mice (1544±195 vs. 490±107 mg/dL, respectively; P<0.001). CD44(+)CD62L(-) Effector Memory (EM) CD8+ T cells were significan...