tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Young black UK women are less likely than young white women to survive breast cancer
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Black women in the United Kingdom who have breast cancer that was diagnosed before they reached 41 years of age have poorer overall survival than white women of the same age, a study has found. Black women are more likely to have larger tumours and to have more aggressive and recurrent disease, it found.

Previous studies from the United States have identified tumour biology and unequal access to healthcare as causes of higher mortality from breast cancer among black ethnic groups. But the researchers from Southampton University wanted to find out whether pathology, treatment, and outcomes among young women with breast cancer differed across ethnic groups in the UK, where there is equal access to healthcare through the NHS. Because the women were under the age …
Vascular Scalp Lesion’ From Cardiac Activity
Authors: KEVIN K. L CHOONG, KAREN Y. GULENCHYN, MICHAEL J. CHAMBERLAIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Imaging artifacts once seen are rarely forgotten. The authors report a study In which cardiac blood pool activity mimicked a vascular mass arising from the head. The importance of using adequate shielding to exclude activity from background structures and the value of multiple scan views and clinical correlation are depicted.
Challenges and Opportunities in Linking Brain-Based Biomarkers to Person-Specific Variation in Cognition
Authors: Trey Hedden, John H. Growdon
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abstract 1232: The loss of p16INK4a function is essential for Werner Syndrome mouse embryo fibroblasts to escape from senescence
Authors: Xiufeng Zhang, Xiaomin Wu, Wenru Tang, Ying Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract p16INK4a is a tumor suppressor gene contributing to cell cycle arrest as a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. It has been shown that the expression of p16INK4a protein is up-regulated along with the cellular senescence and the loss of p16INK4a function could elongate the cellular life span. These data suggest that p16INK4a promote cellular senescence. However, it is still debated that the expression regulation of p16INK4a in mouse cells is due to cell culture condition. Previous study has showed that mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from late generation of Werner Syndrome (WS) mice (G5 mTR−/− Wrn−/−) senesced very rapidly, and the senescent MEF cells are prone to escape senescence and spontaneously immortalize. To understand the molecular basis for WS MEFs escaping from senescence, we compared the expression level of proteins involved in regulating cellular senescence. Western blotting showed that all immortalized WS MEFs lost their expression of p16INK4a and re-expression of p16INK4a could induced cellular senescence, suggested the loss of p16INK4a function is essential for maintaining senescence status of WS MEFs. To further evaluate the role of p16INK4a in senescence induced by telomere dysfunction, p16INK4a-/− mice were crossed with Wrn−/− mice to generate MEFs with genotypes of p16INK4a-/−, Wrn−/− and p16INK4a-/−Wrn−/−. Growth curve of these three cell lines revealed that Wrn−/− MEFs grew slower than p16INK4a-/− MEFs, the p16INK4a-/−Wrn−/− MEFs grew about the same as p16INK4a-/− MEFs. This data suggested that p16INK4a-/− rescued the growth barriers occurred in Wrn−/− MEFs. In consistent with this, Western blotting showed that loss of p16INK4a in Wrn−/− MEFs (p16INK4a-/−Wrn−/−) could partially eliminate the DNA damage responses caused by Wrn−/−, e.g., the expression of H2AX, p19ARF. Furthermore, telomere dysfunction was initiated by introducing TRF2ΔBΔM into these cells. In response to this stimulation, Wrn−/− MEFs senesced in several passages. In contrast to this, p16INK4a-/− and p16INK4a-/−Wrn−/− MEFs could continue grow and “kicked out” the exogenous TRF2ΔBΔM in their late passages. In summary, our data suggested that in the context of telomere dysfunction, loss of p16INK4a function could prevent the cells from senescence. This work was supported by The New Century Excellent Scholarship to Y.L, NSFC grant to Y.L. (30771194, 30970598) and to W.T. (30960152). We thank Dr. Sandy Chang from Yale University and Dr. Ronald A Depinho from Harvard University for providing transgenic mice used in this study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1232
Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine, Lederle — Thirteen Years of Laboratory and Field Investigation
Authors: V. J. Cabasso, E. L. Jungherr, A. W. Moyer, M. Roca-Garcia, H. R. Cox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IT is no longer necessary to extol the benefits accruing from the use of attenuated living-virus vaccines, of which smallpox and yellow-fever vaccines are classic examples. In the last fifteen years, as knowledge in the field has increased, over a dozen different live-virus vaccines have been developed and successfully used on a large scale to protect domestic animals. In Russia effective live vaccines against mumps and influenza have recently been reported,1 2 3 4 and work on a live measles vaccine in America5 , 6 holds promise for the near future.Thirteen years ago the firm belief that vaccines containing living attenuated viruses were more . . .
Is Glycated Hemoglobin an Accurate Enough Predictor of Subclinical Myocardial Injury or a Simple Precursor of Advanced Glycation End Products?
Authors: Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín, Cristina Barreiro-Pardal, Ezequiel Álvarez, José Ramón González Juanatey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
828-6 Structural heart disease does not affect outcomes of pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yaariv Khaykin, Michael Chen, Nassir Marrouche, Walid Saliba, Robert Schweikert, David Burkhardt, Mandeep Bhargava, George Joseph, Antonio Rossillo, Eduardo Saad, Demet Erciyes, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Case 45-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Ann S. Baker, David L. Gang, Richard S. K. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 15-year-old right-handed girl was admitted to the hospital because of neutropenia and fever.A heart murmer was heard in early childhood and was ascribed to pulmonic stenosis. She was otherwise well until 4 1/2 years before entry, when a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia without B-cell or T-cell markers was made. The administration of vincristine and prednisone was followed by a complete remission, but a single injection of L-asparaginase provoked an allergic reaction. Radiation in a dose of 2400 rad was given to the cranium, and six intrathecal doses of methotrexate were administered; cytologic examination of . . .
Electrocardiogram of the humpback whale (Megaptera noaeangliae) with specific reference to atrioventricular transmission and ventricular excitation
Authors: Frits L. Meijler, Fred H.M. Wittkampf, Kenneth R. Brennen, Verne Baker, Claes Wassenaar, Earl E. Bakken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Suppression of experimental autoimmune diseases and prolongation of allograft survival by treatment of animals with low doses of heparins.
Authors: O Lider, E Baharav, Y A Mekori, T Miller, Y Naparstek, I Vlodavsky, I R Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The ability of activated T lymphocytes to penetrate the extracellular matrix and migrate to target tissues was found to be related to expression of a heparanase enzyme (Naparstek, Y., I. R. Cohen, Z. Fuks, and I. Vlodavsky. 1984. Nature (Lond.). 310:241-243; Savion, N., Z. Fuks, and I. Vlodavsky. 1984. J. Cell. Physiol. 118:169-176; Fridman, R., O. Lider, Y. Naparstek, Z. Fuks, I. Vlodavsky, and I. R. Cohen. 1987. J. Cell. Physiol. 130:85-92; Lider, O., J. Mekori, I. Vlodavsky, E. Baharav, Y. Naparstek, and I. R. Cohen, manuscript submitted for publication). We found previously that heparin molecules inhibited expression of T lymphocyte heparanase activity in vitro and in vivo, and administration of a low dose of heparin in mice inhibited lymphocyte traffic and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (Lider, O., J. Mekori, I. Vlodavsky, E. Baharav, Y. Naparstek, and I. R. Cohen, manuscript submitted for publication). We now report that treatment with commercial or chemically modified heparins at relatively low doses once daily (5 micrograms for mice and 20 micrograms for rats) led to inhibition of allograft rejection and the experimental autoimmune diseases adjuvant arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Higher doses of the heparins were less effective. The ability of chemically modified heparins to inhibit these immune reactions was associated with their ability to inhibit expression of T lymphocyte heparanase. There was no relationship to anticoagulant activity. Thus heparins devoid of anticoagulant activity can be effective in regulating immune reactions when used at appropriate doses.
Exocrine pancreatic function in children with coeliac disease before and after a gluten free diet.
Authors: A Carroccio, G Iacono, G Montalto, F Cavataio, C Di Marco, V Balsamo, A Notarbartolo
Journal: Gut (1991)

This study was designed to determine the extent of pancreatic insufficiency in untreated coeliac disease and whether pancreatic secretion is impaired after a prolonged gluten free period. Three groups of patients were studied: group A comprised 44 patients, mean (SD) age 4.0 (3.1) years, with coeliac disease and total or subtotal atrophy of the intestinal mucosa; group B comprised 67 patients, mean age 4.4 (3.0) years, with coeliac disease but with normal morphology of the intestinal villi (after 12.9 months of a gluten free diet); group C comprised 49 control subjects, mean age 3.2 (3.0) years, with normal jejunal histology. In all subjects exocrine pancreatic function was determined by the secretin-caerulein test; bicarbonate concentration and lipase, phospholipase, and chymotrypsin activity were measured after an intravenous injection of secretin 1 clinical unit (CU) + caerulein 75 ng/kg body weight. Faecal chymotrypsin concentration was also assayed. No significant difference was found between values of the duodenal output of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate obtained in the three groups; however, 10 of 44 untreated coeliac patients showed tryptic or lipolytic activity, or both, below the normal limit for our laboratory. The mean value of the faecal chymotrypsin concentration was significantly lower in untreated than in treated coeliac patients (p less than 0.0001) or in control subjects (p less than 0.0001). It is concluded that untreated coeliac patients may have pancreatic deficiency independent of a decrease in enterohormone release. No primary or secondary pancreatic insufficiency was found in coeliac patients where the intestinal mucosa had returned to normal.
Developing Quality Measures to Address Overuse
Authors: Jason S. Mathias, David W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiation-Induced Lung Injury: A Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Authors: Peter G. Gibson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Radiation pneumonitis occurs 6 to 12 weeks after thoracic irradiation, and is thought to be due to direct radiation-induced lung injury. Four patients who developed pneumonitis after unilateral thoracic irradiation for carcinoma of the breast were studied with bronchoalveolar lavage, gallium scan of the lung, and respiratory function tests. On the irradiated side of the chest, all four patients showed an increase in total cells recovered from the lavage fluid and a marked increase in the percentage of lymphocytes. When results for the unirradiated lung were compared with results for the irradiated lung, there was a comparable increase in total cells and percentage of lymphocytes. Gallium scans showed increases for both irradiated and unirradiated lungs. Prompt improvement was seen after corticosteroid therapy in all patients. The fact that abnormal findings occur equally in irradiated and unirradiated lung is inconsistent with simple direct radiation-induced injury and suggests an immunologically mediated mechanism such as a hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Dermatomyositis with parenchymal lung involvement.
Authors: A V Camp, D J Lane, A G Mowat
Journal: BMJ (1972)

decided to proceed to orchidectomy, which was performed through a right inguinal incision, the cord being clamped before division.The postoperative course was uneventful.Histologically the "picture of this tumour is in keeping with the Malignant Teratoma Intermediate (Sub Group A) of the Testicular Tumour Panel and Registry of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."Subsequently the patient received a course of radiotherapy to the right scrotum, the iliac and inguinal lymph nodes, and the para-aortic nodes up to the xiphisternum.He was alive and well with no evidence of metastases 18 months after operation. CommentThis case illustrates a distinctly rare presentation of an un- common tumour.Only one other similar case has been recorded in the literature (Cassie, 1956).There are some dis- similarities between the two cases.Cassie's patient presented in the outpatient department with a haematocele two weeks after a trivial injury to the scrotum resulting in a painless rupture of a testis harbouring a seminoma, which had already metastasized to the lungs.The present case presented as an acute emergency, the patient complaining of severe pain on the side of the ruptured testis.The tumour was a teratoma without evidence of metastases.He would not admit any history of injury to the scrotum, not even in retrospect, though tumour involvement may have rendered the testis so insensitive that minor trauma to it may have been ignored.I would like to thank Mr. D. G. Jenkins for permission to report this case.The histological examination was done by
Phenacemide in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Samuel Livingston, Lydia L. Pauli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

PHENACEMIDE§ chemically is phenylacetylurea.This drug was synthesized by Spielman, Geiszler and Close1 in 1948, and its anticonvulsant properties first reported by Everett and Richards2 and Swinyard.3 The first clinical report dealing with the use of this drug in the treatment of epilepsy was presented in 1949 by Gibbs, Everett and Richards,4 who found it particularly effective in patients with psychomotor epilepsy. Subsequently, a large number of publications have called attention to the values of phenacemide in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly psychomotor epilepsy, and also to the considerable hazard involved in its use.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 In 1950 Livingston and Kajdi27 analyzed . . .
Ileal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Showing Several Ulcer Scars Detected Using Double-Balloon Endoscopy
Authors: N. Yoshida, N. Wakabayashi, K. Nomura, H. Konishi, H. Yamamoto, S. Mitsufuji, K. Kataoka, M. Taniwaki, H. Yamagishi, T. Okanoue
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital to undergo a novel small-intestinal endoscopic procedure. He had had occasional episodes of hematochezia over a 2-year period, during which he had been hospitalized twice previously. However, numerous investigations, including hematological and biochemical studies, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography, scintigraphy, and angiography had failed to detect the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. On this admission, double-balloon enteroscopy was performed and revealed several ulcer scars with localized dilation of the ileum. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens revealed no abnormal findings. Partial resection of the ileum was performed to prevent further gastrointestinal bleeding, and histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed aggregation of atypical lymphocytes, predominantly in the muscularis propria layer. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for CD20 and BCL2, but negative for UCHL1. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as a marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Eighteen months after surgery, the patient was still in complete remission.
Medical Research — Hospital Food —One-Day Influenza
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE Medical Research Council has just celebrated its jubilee, and it is interesting to recall that it started life as an offshoot of the National Insurance Act of 1911. Tuberculosis was then rampant, and the section of the Act dealing with sanatorium treatment empowered the insurance commissioners to use for medical research, from money provided by Parliament, a sum equivalent to 1 penny a head of the insured population. This produced £57,000, and in 1913 the Medical Research Committee was formed.Ever since those early days the Medical Research Council, as it was later named, has been able to . . .
The Baby Doe Rules
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The United States Supreme Court will shortly decide the fate of the Baby Doe rules. These regulations, issued by the Department of Health and Human Services in January of 1984, after two earlier attempts, require hospitals to post notices stating,Federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of handicap. Under this law, nourishment and medically beneficial treatment (as determined with respect for reasonable medical judgments) should not be withheld from handicapped infants solely on the basis of their present or anticipated mental or physical impairments. This Federal law, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, applies to programs or . . .
Naming peer reviewers in <i>JRSM</i>
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

The received wisdom is that peer review is a thankless task. Peer reviewers are overworked, unpaid, unacknowledged and generally unrewarded. Peer-review processes are not standardized, and each journal or grant review body has its way of deciding what should be approved for publication or funding, respectively. Peer review has also been a secretive process that was largely unstudied until the 1990s.

The evidence on peer review in journals has improved in that time, although the central conclusion still holds: peer review is best for improving the quality of articles that editors decide to publish but it is not an objective decision-making process for selecting the best articles. A publication in a major journal is no guarantee of quality and will probably contain several errors, since peer review is poor at eradicating those errors or detecting research misconduct.

Sensible journal editors have accepted this reality, and acknowledge the flaws in the system they supervise. Beyond this honest appraisal of peer review, journals can help by introducing open peer-reviewer processes whereby the identity of authors and peer reviewers are not hidden to each other. The research evidence suggests that open peer review does not affect the quality of decision-making at a journal but improves the quality of the conversation between the authors, reviewers and journals. The JRSM has an open peer-review process.

The identity of peer reviewers, however, is still usually hidden from readers. Sometimes authors are kind enough to thank peer reviewers in their acknowledgements at the end of a paper. Some journals list peer reviewers without linking them to specific papers – a policy that the JRSM used to follow. A few other journals pay reviewers a small amount or offer them institutional or membership discounts, an existing JRSM benefit. Nonetheless, the reward that peer reviewers receive is paltry in relation to their effort and the contribution that a good peer reviewer can make to improve a paper.

Many peer reviewers justify the effort as a necessary contribution to scientific discourse but also as a contribution to their personal development. Many are simply interested enough in the topic to lend their services. Scientific journals only thrive because of the passion of peer reviewers and the patience of readers.

From 2010, the JRSM will be taking a bold step in improving the transparency of peer review. We will name peer reviewers on each peer-reviewed article that we publish. This journal does not have the resources to conduct a randomized trial before making this change as bigger journals are able to do. But the editorial team believes that it is the right decision in terms of openness. Any peer reviewers who do not wish to be named can simply decline to peer review the article they have been sent. We would welcome your views on this small but important development.