tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. Arimidex Study Group.
Authors: A Buzdar, W Jonat, A Howell, S E Jones, C Blomqvist, C L Vogel, W Eiermann, J M Wolter, M Azab, A Webster, P V Plourde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole (1 and 10 mg once daily), a selective, oral, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, and megestrol acetate (40 mg four times daily), in postmenopausal women who progressed following tamoxifen treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two randomized, double-blind for anastrozole, open-label for megestrol acetate, parallel-group, multicenter trials were conducted in 764 patients. Because both trials were identical in design, an analysis of the combined results was performed to strengthen interpretation of results from each trial. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was approximately 6 months. The estimated progression hazards ratios were 0.97 (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 1.24) for anastrozole 1 mg versus megestrol acetate and 0.92 (97.5% CI, 0.71 to 1.19) for anastrozole 10 mg versus megestrol acetate. The overall median time to progression was approximately 21 weeks. Approximately one third of patients in each group benefited from treatment. Twenty-seven patients (10.3%) in the anastrozole 1-mg group, 22 (8.9%) in the anastrozole 10-mg group, and 20 (7.9%) in the megestrol acetate group had a complete or partial response, and 66 (25.1%), 56 (22.6%), and 66 (26.1%) patients, respectively, had stable disease for &gt; or = 24 weeks. For all end points, individual trial results were similar to the results of the combined analysis. Anastrozole and megestrol acetate were well tolerated. Gastrointestinal disturbance was more common among patients in the anastrozole groups than the megestrol acetate group; the difference between the anastrozole 10 mg and megestrol acetate groups was significant (P = .005). Significantly fewer patients in the anastrozole 1-mg (P &lt; .0001) and 10-mg (P &lt; .002) groups had weight gain than in the megestrol acetate group. More than 30% of megestrol acetate-treated patients had weight gain &gt; or = 5%, and 10% of patients had weight gain &gt; or = 10%. Patients who received megestrol acetate continued to gain weight over time. CONCLUSION Anastrozole, 1 and 10 mg once daily, is well tolerated and as effective as megestrol acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer who progressed following tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, anastrozole therapy avoids the weight gain associated with megestrol acetate treatment.
On the value of intensive remission-induction chemotherapy in elderly patients of 65+ years with acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized phase III study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Group.
Authors: B Löwenberg, R Zittoun, H Kerkhofs, U Jehn, J Abels, L Debusscher, C Cauchie, M Peetermans, G Solbu, S Suciu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

We report the results of a prospective study in patients more than 65 years of age in whom two different therapeutic strategies were compared: immediate intensive-induction chemotherapy (arm A) versus "wait and see" and supportive care and mild cytoreductive chemotherapy only for relief of progressive acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-related symptoms (arm B). The major objective of the study was to compare survival outcome of both regimens. Thirty-one patients on arm A received one or two courses of daunorubicin, vincristine, and cytarabine for remission induction followed by one additional cycle for consolidation in case of complete remission (CR). Among 29 patients on arm B, cytoreductive chemotherapy (hydroxyurea, cytarabine) had to be initiated for palliation of leukemia-associated complications in 21 patients at a median of 9 days after diagnosis. Overall survival duration for patients treated on arm A was significantly (P = .015) longer than the survival in arm B (median survival, 21 weeks v 11 weeks; projected survival at 2.5 years, 13% v 0%). Eighteen (58%) of arm A patients and none (0%) of arm B patients entered CR. Of the first group, projected disease-free survival at 2 years is 17%. The median percentages of days spent in the hospital by arm A and B patients were 55% and 50%, respectively. This study shows that a strategy based on modern supportive care and a wait and see approach yields extremely poor results. It is not superior in regard to the frequency of hospital admission and is inferior regarding survival outcome.
An Epidemiologic Study of Early Renal Replacement Therapy after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Gabriel Contreras, Galo Garces, Andrew A. Quartin, Cynthia Cely, Mark A. LaGatta, Gaspar A. Barreto, David Roth, Emilio Gomez
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The preoperative impairment of renal function is associated with the need for postoperative renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients undergoing liver transplantation. The principal goal of this investigation was to identify other factors apparent before or during transplant that were independently associated with the need for RRT in the early posttransplant period. A total of 260 consecutive adult patients who received a primary liver transplant were studied. Twenty-eight patients required early RRT (RRT initiated within 1 wk of transplant); 23 for control of volume overload. Preoperative blood urea nitrogen (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.52 [1.15 to 2.01] per 10 mg/dl), serum creatinine (1.91 [1.06 to 3.44] per 1 mg/dl), and urine output (0.12 [0.03 to 0.44] L/d) were independently predictive of the need for early RRT and in combination formed a parsimonious model that discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.877) and had excellent fit (P = 0.699 to reject model fit). No other potential predictors meaningfully improved predictions of which patients would require early RRT. Patients requiring early RRT consumed more healthcare resources than patients who did not require early RRT, spending more time in intensive care (15 ± 13 d versus 7 ± 11 d; P < 0.001) and in the hospital (34 ± 27 d versus 19 ± 20 d; P < 0.001). The need for early RRT was strongly associated with death before hospital discharge (29% mortality versus 4% mortality among all others; P < 0.001). The data demonstrate that dependency on RRT in the first week after orthotopic liver transplantation stems almost entirely from preoperative renal dysfunction.
IgE expression in severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Authors: Livingstone Chishimba, David Denning, Caroline Moore, Gabriele Holtappels, Tineke Dutré, Claus Bachert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND:  The role of IgE in patients with ABPA and SAFS is not fully understood.   OBJECTIVE : We sought to investigate whether total IgE (t-IgE), IgE to  Staphylococcus aureus  enterotoxins (SE- IgE) or IgE to  Aspergillus fumigatus  (Af-IgE) might be relevant to disease activity in adult asthmatic patients with ABPA and SAFS.   METHODS : SE- IgE, Af-IgE and -IgE concentrations were measured in adult cohorts with SAFS (n=39) and ABPA (n=42). Patients were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, lung function and radiological features.   RESULTS:  Mean t-IgE and Af -IgE levels were significantly higher in ABPA than in SAFS subjects (422.4 vs. 188.9,  p =0.011; 9.3 vs. 2.3,  p  p =0.680).  t-IgE and Af-IgE concentrations increased with asthma severity. Patients with severe asthma had higher values of t-IgE and Af-IgE than patients without severe asthma (422 vs.206.9,  p =0.024 for t-IgE); (10.988 (0.59, 511.00) vs. 2.280 (0.11-49.20), p p =0.425). There was a significant negative correlation between t-IgE levels and FEV1/FVC % among SAFS subjects (r= -0.160,  p =0.04), but not for ABPA patients (r=0.15,  p =0.429).  CONCLUSION : Our data suggests that t-IgE and Af-IgE ,but not SE-IgE may be associated with lower lung function and asthma severity and may be linked with disease pathogenesis. Further larger prospective studies are needed to determine the causal-effect relationship.
Thanatogenesis of HIV-associated tuberculosis in penitentiary establishments of Belarus
Authors: Pavel Kryvanos, Irina Ragulina, Anna Grinevich, Vasiliy Akulow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim. To study structure of HIV-associated tuberculosis mortality in new detected patients of Penitentiary establishments.  Methods. We studied case-records and autopsy- records of 24 died patients with new detected HIV-associated tuberculosis treated in republican hospital for prisoners in 2010-2012. Middle age of died patients was 35,1 years. All these patients had the 4-th stage of HIV infection. CD4 lymphocyte level was less than 100 cell/ml. Tuberculosis was developed on HIV infection background in 91,6% patients. Patients didn’t receive antiretroviral therapy.  Results. Tuberculosis in all the died persons had generalized character and was the main death cause. 87,5% patients had acute hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis with affection of lungs and other organs. 62,5% patients had intrathoracal lymph node tuberculosis; 54,2% patients – mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymph node tuberculosis; 29,2%– peripheral lymph node tuberculosis. 83,3% patients had affection of cerebral coat and cerebral substance. Specific process in hepar and kidneys was revealed in 66,6% patients, in spleen -15, in pleura-7 patients. There were tuberculosis single cases of pancreas, pericardial and abdominal tuberculosis. 50% patients had combination of specific lung process with superlative pneumonia. Hepatitis, cirrhosis (62,5%), myocarditis (54,2%); cachexia (45,8%) were the most revealed attendant pathology.  Resume. Acute hematogenous generalization with lung affection and multiple extrapulmonary manifestations predominate in mortality structure of HIV- associated tuberculosis. Specific process in lungs often is combined with superlative inflammation and attendant pathology.
Oxidative Burst-Dependent Tumoricidal and Tumorostatic Activities of Paraffin Oil-Elicited Mouse Macrophages<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Eliezer Flescher, Pinchas Gonen, Yona Keisari
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) from C57BL/-6J, BALB/c, A strains, and (BALB/c♀ × C57BL/6J♂)F1 offspring were treated with the oxidative burst (OB)-stimulant 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate, and their in vitro tumoricidal, tumorostatic, and OB activities were examined. Paraffin oil-elicited, but not thioglycollate (TG)-elicited, MPM exhibited cytotoxicity only toward Yac-1 cells and cytostatic activity toward Yac-1, EL 4, RBL-5, and RL♂ lymphoma cells. This activity was in correlation with the reduced capacity of TG-elicited cells to generate OB products. The toxic effect of such activated MPM was partially inhibited by catalase, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and was augmented by horseradish peroxidase and the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole), thus indicating the involvement of oxygen-derived toxic reagents, mainly hydrogen peroxide, in the MPM-mediated damage inflicted on the tumor cells. EL 4 cells incubated with nonstimulated MPM exhibited enhanced growth both in vitro and in vivo, whereas OB-stimulated MPM inhibited the growth of such cells in the same experimental systems.
Psychiatric Morbidity in Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Prospective Clinical and Neuropathological Comparative Study With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Clive Ballard, Clive Holmes, Ian McKeith, David Neill, John O’Brien, Nigel Cairns, Peter Lantos, Elaine Perry, Paul Ince, Robert Perry
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The literature reports considerable variation in the rates of psychiatric morbidity for patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. The authors intended to clarify the frequency of psychiatric morbidity in dementia with Lewy bodies and how it differs from probable Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: The study incorporated two groups—a clinical case register cohort (98 with dementia with Lewy bodies; 92 with Alzheimer's disease) and 80 (40 with dementia with Lewy bodies; 40 with Alzheimer's disease) prospectively studied, neuropathologically confirmed cases. Diagnoses were made by using the McKeith et al. consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathological diagnoses were made by using the consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies and the Mirra et al. protocol for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: The occurrence of psychiatric symptoms was reported over 1 month. Hallucinations, depression, delusions, and delusional misidentification were all significantly higher for patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. The differences in frequency between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease for auditory and visual hallucinations were especially pronounced for patients with mild cognitive impairment. The presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation was a better discriminator between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease than occurrence over the course of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Delusional misidentification and hallucinations in the early stages of dementia may improve differentiation between patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and those with Alzheimer's disease and have important treatment implications.
Bicycle Trauma Injuries and Hospital Admissions in the United States, 1998-2013
Authors: Thomas Sanford, Charles E. McCulloch, Rachael A. Callcut, Peter R. Carroll, Benjamin N. Breyer
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Cycling is associated with many health benefits, but also with the risk of injury.Trends in bicycle-related injuries are difficult to assess because the majority of nonfatal injuries sustained while cycling are not reported to police and thus are not included in traffic statistics. 1 We sought to evaluate trends in adult cycling injuries and hospital admissions in the United States using emergency department data.Methods | The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) is a national probability sample of approximately 100 emergency departments that gathers product-related injury data. 2 We queried the NEISS for injuries associated with bicycles (codes 5033 and 5040) from 1998 to 2013.The University of California, San Francisco, institutional review board gave the study exempt status.The number of bicycle-related injuries in adults aged 18 years or older was recorded in 2-year intervals.We used the NEISS complex sample design to calculate population projections of cycling-related injuries, which were then divided by US Census data to produce incidence per 100 000 persons.Adjustment for age was performed using the direct method.Linear regression was used to evaluate trends in injuries and hospital admissions vs time (2-year intervals) for the entire sample as well as for the proportion of injuries by specific age groups.We also calculated the ratio of injuries by body part, location (street vs nonstreet), and hospital size.Hospital size was used as a proxy for urban vs rural location given large hospitals were located in urban areas in the NEISS database.Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.1.1(R Project for Statistical Computing).P values <.05 (2-sided) were considered significant.a Indicates change from 1998-1999 to 2012-2013; calculated as: [(value for 2012-2013 -value for 1998/1999)/(value for 1998-1999)] × 100.b Calculated using linear regression for each parameter compared with period in 2-year increments (eg, injuries vs time).c Counts from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database for adults aged 18 years or older in 2-year intervals.d Adjustment for age performed using the direct method.Incidence expressed as a population estimate of injured cyclists per 100 000 persons in the US population (95% CI). e Defined as hospitals in the large or very large strata in the NEISS database.
Efficacy and safety results from a phase III, randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of briakinumab with etanercept and placebo in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: B.E. Strober, J.J. Crowley, P.S. Yamauchi, M. Olds, D.A. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

The tumour necrosis factor-α antagonist etanercept and the interleukin (IL)-12/23p40 antagonist ustekinumab have been shown to be effective psoriasis therapies. The IL-12/23p40 antagonist briakinumab was shown to be effective psoriasis treatment in a phase II study.To assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of briakinumab compared with etanercept and placebo in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.Three hundred and fifty patients were enrolled in this phase III, 12-week study (M10-315, NCT00710580) and randomized in the following 2:2:1 ratio: 139 patients received 200 mg briakinumab at weeks 0 and 4 followed by 100 mg briakinumab at week 8; 139 patients received 50 mg of etanercept twice weekly 3-4 days apart at weeks 0-11; 72 patients received placebo injections matching active treatment. The co-primary efficacy endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of 0/1 at week 12, and the proportion of patients achieving a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response at week 12.Of the briakinumab-treated patients, 72·7% achieved a PGA of 0/1 at week 12 as compared with 29·5% of etanercept-treated patients and 4·2% of placebo-treated patients (P < 0·001, for both comparisons). Of the briakinumab-treated patients, 80·6% achieved a PASI 75 response at week 12 as compared with 39·6% of etanercept-treated and 6·9% of placebo-treated patients (P < 0·001, for both comparisons). Serious adverse events were reported in two (1·4%) briakinumab-treated patients, one (0·7%) etanercept-treated patient and two (2·8%) placebo-treated patients.In patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, briakinumab had superior efficacy to both placebo and etanercept at 12 weeks as administered in this study.
Does pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) influence patient's perceptions of disease?
Authors: Samantha Harrison, Noelle Robertson, Johanna Williams, Mick Steiner, Sally Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  PR leads to behaviour modification. The common sense model assumes that perceptions of disease are influenced by increased knowledge, skill acquisition and goal attainment. The aim was to test whether PR influenced patient9s perceptions of their disease.   Methods:  This is a prospective cohort study of patients with COPD who completed the illness perceptions questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R) pre and post PR.   Results:  The IPQ-R was completed by 51 patients [mean(SD) age70.0(9.0)years,FEV 1  1.4(0.7)l,28male]. Following PR patients adopt a less chronic view of their disease and perceived fewer consequences. Treatment control and coherence are reduced. Emotional impact of the disease is minimised by PR.   Conclusions:  PR induces feelings of hope and increases patient9s expectations. Prior to PR patients are unaware of their limitations in knowledge. The clinical benefits of PR reduce perceived consequences of the disease and as a result emotional impact is minimised.
Sex‐specific cardiovascular structure and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Mauro Gori, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Deepak K. Gupta, Angela B. S. Santos, Susan Cheng, Amil M. Shah, Brian Claggett, Michael R. Zile, Elisabeth Kraigher‐Krainer, Burkert Pieske, Adriaan A. Voors, Milton Packer, Toni Bransford, Martin Lefkowitz, John J. V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Demographic, clinical and health care resource utilisation characterisation of patients prescribed omalizumab: A retrospective, real world data study
Authors: Michael Baldwin, Gerardo Machnicki, Lingling Li, Zhijun Wei, Tzy-Chyi Yu, Kristijan Henry Kahler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   Omalizumab (Xolair ® ) is associated with reductions in health care resource utilisation (HCRU). Less is known about pre-omalizumab patient characteristics. This research investigated the demographic, clinical and HCRU profile of patients before omalizumab initiation.   Methods   Retrospective study using US health care claims data (Truven MarketScan ® ) during 1/1/2006-31/12/2011. Patients were ≥12 years of age, had 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient asthma claims, moderate or severe asthma (NHLBI criteria) and 2 years of enrollment before omalizumab. Age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and all-cause HCRU during the 2 years pre-omalizumab initiation were summarized. Trends in HCRU during these two 12-month periods (2 to 1 and 1 to 0 years pre-omalizumab) were compared using McNemar and 2-sided paired t-tests.   Results   689 patients were included (mean age 46.2 years; 61.1% female, mean CCI[SD]= 0.60[1.02] and 80% with moderate asthma). Increasing HCRU in the year closest to omalizumab initiation was observed relative to two years before: patients hospitalised (10% vs 14.4%), with ER visits (29.6% vs 37.7%) and with urgent care (6.0% vs 8.7%). Mean HCRU for hospitalisations and hospital length of stay (LOS), ER visits and office visits increased closer to omalizumab initiation (percentage increase: 36%-67%). All results were statistically significant (p   Conclusion   An acceleration of HCRU was identified in the year before omalizumab initiation. This may point to characteristics to identify patients for omalizumab treatment.
Modulation of Sensitivity to Natural Killer Cell Lysis After In Vitro Explantation of a Mouse Lymphoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Susanne Becker, Rolf Kiessling, Nora Lee, George Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

On the basis of studies indicating that natural killer (NK) cells of the mouse can selectively kill certain syngenetic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumor cells in short-term Cr release assays and that cell lines established in vitro are more sensitive than the corresponding ascites tumor cells passaged in vivo, the kinetics of the modulation to increased sensitivity was studied after in vitro explanation of the A/Sn mouse-derived YAC ascites lymphoma. Sensitivity to NK lysis appeared after 3 weeks of culturing and reached the level of the continuously cultured line after 2 months. With the more sensitive competition assay, a change could be demonstrated as early as 2--24 hours of culture. The expression of the Moloney murine leukemia virus-determined, cell-surface antigen, measured by quantitative absorption with intact cells, increased in parallel with the NK sensitivity. In contrast, the H-2 alloantigen concentration decreased during in vitro culture.
Bortezomib vs. dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma: A phase 3 randomized study
Authors: P. Richardson, P. Sonneveld, M. W. Schuster, D. Irwin, E. A. Stadtmauer, T. Facon, W. S. Dalton, J.-L. Harousseau, J. F. San Miguel, K. C. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

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Beneficial hemodynamic, endocrine, and renal effects of urocortin in experimental heart failure
Authors: Miriam T Rademaker, Christopher J Charles, Eric A Espiner, Steve Fisher, Christopher M Frampton, Carl M.J Kirkpatrick, John G Lainchbury, M.Gary Nicholls, A.Mark Richards, Wylie W Vale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)