tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Botanicals as immunological adjuvants and immunomodulators.
Authors: Philip O. Livingston, Chandra Hood, Govind Ragupathi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5559 

Background: Saponins and beta glucans are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and as purified extracts are two of the most potent immunological adjuvants when injected mixed with antigen, or immunomodulators when orally ingested. Many widely consumed botanicals are advertised as immune enhancers but clear evidence for this is lacking. Globo H is a cell surface hexasaccharide expressed on many epithelial cancers. When conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mixed with an immunological adjuvant, the magnitude of the antibody response against globo H and KLH depends largely on the potency of the adjuvant or immunomodulators used. Methods: Using the globo H-KLH conjugate, groups of 5 mice were immunized subcutaneously 3 times at 1 week intervals and sera drawn 1 and 2 weeks after the 3rd immunization to measure antibody response. Widely used botanicals were either used as adjuvant mixed with globo H-KLH conjugate (adj) prior to injection or as immunomodulator administered by oral gavage (PO) three times a week to the mice for 1 week before and 3 weeks after the first immunization. Botanicals utilized were TJ-48 (Honsofarm.CO.), Coriolus Vesicolor (Nammex), Maitaki MD fraction (Yukiguni Maitaki CO.) yeast beta glucan (Biotec Pharmacon), semi-synthetic saponin GPI-0100 (Advanced BioTherapies Inc.) and quillaja saponaria molina saponin mix (Fischer Scientific). Sera were analyzed by ELISA against synthetic globo H ceramide and KLH, and splenocytes by proliferation assays against KLH to measure T-cell response. Results: 4 separate experiments have been performed. Administered as adjuvant, neither TJ-48, maitaki nor barley β-glucan had demonstrable activity, but PSK, yeast β-glucan and GPI-0100 had progressively significant adjuvant activity (p< .05, .01, .005), and β-glucan and GPI-0100 significantly augmented proliferation compared to no adjuvant (SI 2.2 and 6.8 respectively). When administered orally, neither TJ-48, PSK, Maitaki, nor barley β-glucan had impact on serologic titer or proliferation but in a final experiment, the saponin mix and β-glucan both significantly augmented the antibody response against KLH. Conclusions: PSK and yeast β-glucan demonstrate moderate adjuvant activity, the semi-synthetic saponin GPI-0100 demonstrates the strongest adjuvant activity. When administered by oral gavage, only β-glucan of yeast origin and the saponin mix have immunomodulatory activity. We are currently exploring whether PSK or yeast β-glucan administered as adjuvants or the mixed saponins and yeast β-glucan administered orally are able to add to the adjuvant activity of saponin fractions such as GPI-0100 or QS-21. We have also begun to test additional botanicals including Echinacea, Astragalus and Tumeric. Support by Botanical Research Center Grant P50 AT002779 from the NCCAM.
Health needs assessment: Assessment in primary care: practical issues and possible approaches
Authors: J. R Wilkinson, S. A Murray
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the fourth in a series of six articles describing approaches to and topics for health needs assessment, and how the results can be used effectively. Series editor: John Wright

This article is a practical guide to help primary care groups (as set out in the NHS white papers 1 2) and also individual practice teams assess the health needs of their respective populations before providing or commissioning services to meet these needs. Historically, much service provision has been service led rather than needs led, provided as before and at the convenience of providers rather than patients. The needs of patients are now accepted as being central to the NHS. An explicit framework is needed to help assess needs more systematically, to demystify the process, and to help prioritise and action changes.3 This paper outlines an approach that is feasible for individual practices, groups of practices, and populations of around 100 000 people (typically the size of the new primary care groups described in the white paper).

#### Summary points

Health professionals understandably tend to think of health needs in terms of services they can provide. Patients may have different ideas about what affects their health. This might include getting a job, having a roof over their head, or having a bus route which …
Abstract 3020: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to study the role of breast cancer stem cells in metastasis formation
Authors: Christophe Ginestier, Danae Lartigue, Olivier Cabaud, Aurelie Malzac, Julien Wicinski, Emmanuelle Josselin, Pascal Finetti, Jose Adelaide, Francois Bertucci, Max Chaffanet, Daniel Birnbaum, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although advances have been made in the treatment of localized breast cancer, there has been less progress in the treatment of advanced metastatic disease. This disease is an oncoming therapeutic challenge for breast cancer since it is always fatal. Conventional therapies may fail to target cancer stem cells (CSC). Metastatic breast cancer may thus benefit from current intensive research in the CSC field. Several studies suggest that CSCs are the only cancer cells responsible for metastasis formation. CSCs may have the ability to disseminate in blood circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to colonize new sites. To better understand the biological processes that link CSCs and metastasis, we have generated a xenobank of 50 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of primary tumors grafted in the humanized mammary fat pad of immunodeficient mice. These models reflect the heterogeneity of primary tumors both at molecular and cellular level. Using a lentiviral vector, we infected our PDXs to obtain GFP-luciferase-positive models designed to monitor metastasis development from the orthotopic site. To mimick the patient therapeutic management, metastasis formation is monitored during tumor growth but also after tumor surgical removal. Metastases are collected and analyzed for histology and phenotype. The different metastatic patterns are correlated with the mutational profile of PDX. CTCs are also monitored at different time of the metastatic process using a specific filter (ISET) for cell characterization and phenotype. PDXs can be classified in tumor groups with similar metastatic tropisms. To depict the role of CSC from primary tumors in the tropism of their metastases, we collected and genomic profiled the ALDEFLUOR-positive CSCs in orthotopic tumors from different models with distinct metastatic pattern. These different PDX models lead to a better understanding of the role of breast CSCs in metastasis formation from CTCs to well-constituted metastasis and their study may identify targets able to design future therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Christophe Ginestier, Danae Lartigue, Olivier Cabaud, Aurelie Malzac, Julien Wicinski, Emmanuelle Josselin, Pascal Finetti, Jose Adelaide, Francois Bertucci, Max Chaffanet, Daniel Birnbaum, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to study the role of breast cancer stem cells in metastasis formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3020. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3020
PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS
Authors: J P WHITTLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

Case Reports1 August 1960PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALISJOSEPH P. WHITTLE, M.D.JOSEPH P. WHITTLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-53-2-395 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was first described adequately in humans by Bang in 1876. It is characterized by the presence of multiple gas-containing cysts in the walls of the small or large intestine and, more rarely, the stomach, mesentery and retroperitoneal structures. In 1952 Koss1 was able to collect 213 cases from the world literature. Since then a number of cases have been reported, but the condition must still be considered to be a rarity.The following case is reported chiefly because it illustrates the feasibility of establishing this diagnosis by sigmoidoscopic and radiologic means and thereby avoiding unnecessary surgical exploration....Bibliography1. Koss LG: Abdominal gas cysts (pneumatosis cystoides intestinorum hominis), Arch. Path. 53: 523, 1952. Google Scholar2. KreegerLittman NL: Pneumatosis cystoides intestinorum, New England J. Med. 251: 779, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PembertonSmithHolman HWWGCB: Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis diagnosed sigmoidoscopically, Am. J. Surg. 94: 472 (Sept.) 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SmithAndersonPemberton WGMJHW: Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis involving left portion of colon; report of four cases diagnosed at sigmoidoscopy, Gastroenterology 35: 528 (Nov.) 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MujahedEvans ZJA: Gas cysts of the intestine (pneumatosis intestinalis), Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 107: 151 (Aug.) 1958. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Colonial Heights, Virginia*Received for publication February 25, 1959.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Joseph P. Whittle, M.D., 138 Pickwick Avenue, Colonial Heights, Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRectal Biopsy 1 August 1960Volume 53, Issue 2Page: 395-403KeywordsColonConstipationDiarrheaDuodenal ulcersLarge intestineMucous membranesStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 15664: Angiopoietin-1 Derived From Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells is Essential for Arteriogenesis After Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Kuniyasu Ikeoka, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Yoh Arita, Takahiro Hashimoto, Taku Yasui, Takeshi Masaki, Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara, Mikiyasu Shirai, Issei Komuro, Yasushi Sakata
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background and Aim:  Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) has been reported to be essential for vascular homeostasis via promoting vascular maturation and integrity. Ang1 conventional knockout (KO) mice show embryonic lethality due to the defects of vascular maturation and heart trabeculation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) constantly secret Ang1 to stabilize vascular endothelial cells through Tie2, a specific receptor for Ang1. However, the role of Ang1 derived from VSMCs in ischemic condition remains unclear to date. Here, we aim to reveal the role of Ang1 derived from VSMCs in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis after ischemia in adulthood.   Methods and Results:  We created tamoxifen-induced smooth muscle cell specific Ang1 KO (Ang1SMCKO) mice through crossing floxed Ang1 (Ang1flox/flox) mice with SM-MHC-Cre(ER)T2 mice. We subjected control and Ang1SMCKO mice to a hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Ang1SMCKO mice showed significantly impaired blood flow recovery and treadmill-running capacity compared with control on and after 10 days in response to HLI. Whereas the capillary angiogenesis evaluated by anti-CD31-immunostaining was almost comparable between control and Ang1SMCKO mice, arteriogenesis and collateral formation evaluated by both anti-alpha-SMA immunostaining and X-ray microangiography were significantly impaired in Ang1SMCKO mice compared with those in control. Furthermore, Ang1SMCKO mice displayed enhanced vascular permeability after HLI compared with control. Additionally, we created transgenic mice overexpressing potent Ang1 analogue COMP-Ang1 in smooth muscle cells (SM-Ang1-TG mice) through crossing CAGp-IND-COMP-Ang1 Tg mice with SM-MHC-Cre(ER)T2 mice. Intriguingly, SM-Ang1-TG mice exhibited systemically enhanced blood flow in both skins and skeletal muscles with enlarged arterioles and capillary vessels evaluated by CD31-immunostaining.   Conclusion:  Ang1 derived from VSMCs plays a critical role in arteriogenesis and collateral formation after HLI.
Abstract 15861: Natural History of Atrial Fibrillation, HF With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction in Community Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Vikas Bhatia, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Prakash Deedwania, Sameer Ather, Sumanth D Prabhu, Charity J Morgan, Saurabh Gaba, Gregg C Fonarow, Kumar Saman, Wilbert S Aronow, Stefan D Anker, Richard M Allman, Raya Kheirbek, Nawar Shara, Ross Fletcher, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common in older adults. However, HF in older adults is often associated with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Little is known about the natural history of AF and HFpEF in community dwelling older adults. In the current analysis, we examined the impact of AF alone, HFpEF alone and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) alone on all-cause mortality (vs. neither AF nor HF) in Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).   Methods:  Of the 5598 Medicare-eligible community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in the CHS, 116 had AF only, 143 had HFpEF only, 76 had HFrEF only and 5263 had neither. Baseline AF was diagnosed by ECG and baseline HF was adjudicated by a central events committee. Cox-proportional hazards model were used to estimate age-sex-race-adjusted HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality during 13 years of follow-up, associated with AF, HFpEF and HFrEF (vs. neither).   Results:  Participants had a mean age 73 (±6) years, 58% were women and 15% were African American. All-cause mortality occurred in 43% (neither), 66% (AF only), 68% (HFpEF only), 87% (HFrEF only). Compared to those with neither condition, age-sex-race-adjusted HRs (95% Cis) for all-cause mortality for those with AF only, HFpEF only, AF and HFrEF only were 1.35 (1.07-1.70), 1.87 (1.53-2.30) and 3.32 (2.60-4.24), resp (Figure).   Conclusions:  Compared to community-dwelling older adults without AF or HF, those with AF had a 35% higher risk of death that was observed 6 years after baseline. In contrast, HFpEF was associated with an 87% higher risk of death that was apparent soon after baseline and HFrEF was associated with the highest risk of death (232%).
Promotion of Mental Health
Authors: Dennis R. Trent, Colin Reed
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Positive steps at work: guest speakers symposium -  and prevention prevention in the Netherlands mental care system presenters. Positive steps for families and individuals: guest speakers symposium - mental health and young children symposium - ways of coping symposium - mental health and adolescents presenters. Positive steps in society - spreading the word: guest speakers symposium - promotion symposium - mental health and minorities symposium, perceptions and stigma presenters.
Mutations in the Human δ-Sarcoglycan Gene in Familial and Sporadic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, a Disease of the Cytoskeleton and Sarcolemma
Authors: Tsubata S, Bowles KR, Vatta M, Zintz C, Bowles NE, Towbin JA
Journal: Circulation (2000)

There is considerable debate about the choice of intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors for percutaneous coronary intervention, after a meta-analysis of 7 trials and 16,770 patients has shown a 38% reduction in death or non-fatal MI 30 days after the index procedure.At 149 hospitals in 18 countries throughout North America, Europe and Australia, 4810 patients were randomized between 12/30/99 and 8/25/00 and treated with either tirofiban or abciximab on a double-blind, double dummy basis.Clopidogrel and aspirin were administered preprocedurally, along with a 70 U/kg intravenous heparin bolus.The dose of tirofiban was 10 mcg/kg bolus and 0.15 mcg/kg/min infusion for 18 -24 hrs; for abciximab it was 0.25 mcg/kg bolus and 0.125 mcg/kg/min (max 10 mcg/min) infusion.Patients qualified by having suitable anatomy for "intent-to-stent" lesions addressed by percutaneous revascularization, and were not with evolving ST-elevation MI or with serum creatinine Ͼ2.5 mg/dl.The primary endpoint is 30 death or non-fatal MI and the trial has Ͼ80% power to determine non-inferiority for tirofiban with an expected event rate in the control (abciximab) group of 5.3% based on the EPISTENT trial.The primary endpoint data will be presented along with the key subgroups such as diabetics.Follow-up data for the trial to 1 year will also be performed.
Prognostic Impact Of Molecular Mutations In 182 Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Andrea Kuendgen, Jenny Seidler, Michael Lauseker, Torsten Haferlach, Susanne Schnittger, Alexander Kohlmann, Barbara Hildebrandt, Catharina Müller-Thomas, Beate Betz, Rainer Haas, Norbert Gattermann, Brigitte Royer-Pokora, Katharina Götze, Ulrich Germing
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract P293: Relations of Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Quality with a Panel of Metabolic Regulatory Biomarkers
Authors: Jane J Lee, Alison Pedley, Udo Hoffmann, John F Keaney, Ramachandran S Vasan, Caroline S Fox
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Excess accumulation of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic regulatory biomarkers and an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Abdominal fat quality is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors above and beyond fat quantity. However, whether fat quality is associated with biomarkers of metabolic regulation has not been firmly established. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that SAT and VAT attenuation, an indirect measure of fat quality, would be associated with a panel of metabolic regulatory biomarkers secreted by adipose tissue or liver, independently of absolute fat volumes. Methods: We evaluated 1,829 Framingham Heart Study participants (44.9% women, mean age 45.0 years) with available data on abdominal fat attenuation and metabolic biomarkers. SAT and VAT fat attenuation was determined by multidetector computed tomography (CT) and denoted in Hounsfield units (HU). Panels of circulating biomarkers included adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor, fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and fetuin-A. The relationships between SAT or VAT HU and each of the biomarkers were modeled using sex-specific linear regression model, adjusting for age, hormone replacement therapy (women), smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity score. Biomarkers were log-transformed to normalize their distribution. Results: In both sexes, SAT and VAT attenuation were associated with all the biomarkers evaluated, except fetuin-A. Lower (i.e., more negative) attenuation of SAT and VAT was associated with lower circulating adiponectin and leptin receptor levels but higher leptin and FABP-4 levels in both women and men (all p &lt;0.0001). SAT attenuation was inversely associated with RPB-4 levels in both sexes; whereas, the association between VAT attenuation and RPB-4 was only observed in men ( p &lt;0.0001). In women, after additional adjustment for the respective fat volume, SAT HU retained the statistically significant associations with adiponectin, leptin, FABP, and RBP-4; and VAT HU with adiponectin only (all p &lt;0.0001). In men, associations remained significant after additional adjustment for the respective fat volume (all p &lt;0.005). Conclusions: Lower attenuation of abdominal fat was associated with a profile of biomarkers suggestive of greater cardiometabolic risks. These observations suggest that fat attenuation may be a valid biomarker of cardiometabolic risk. Further study is required to identify whether the quality of abdominal fat has a pathogenic impact on metabolism via its relationship with biomarkers secreted by adipose tissue or the liver.
A Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.
Authors: Frederick Dixon Chester
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development and Validation of the HScore, a Score for the Diagnosis of Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Authors: Laurence Fardet, Lionel Galicier, Olivier Lambotte, Christophe Marzac, Cedric Aumont, Doumit Chahwan, Paul Coppo, Gilles Hejblum
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Because it has no unique clinical, biologic, or histologic features, reactive hemophagocytic syndrome may be difficult to distinguish from other diseases such as severe sepsis or hematologic malignancies. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a diagnostic score for reactive hemophagocytic syndrome.A multicenter retrospective cohort of 312 patients who were judged by experts to have reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (n = 162), were judged by experts to not have reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (n = 104), or in whom the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome was undetermined (n = 46) was used to construct and validate the reactive hemophagocytic syndrome diagnostic score, called the HScore. Ten explanatory variables were evaluated for their association with the diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome, and logistic regression was used to calculate the weight of each criterion included in the score. Performance of the score was assessed using developmental and validation data sets.Nine variables (3 clinical [i.e., known underlying immunosuppression, high temperature, organomegaly], 5 biologic [i.e., triglyceride, ferritin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and fibrinogen levels, cytopenia], and 1 cytologic [i.e., hemophagocytosis features on bone marrow aspirate]) were retained in the HScore. The possible number of points assigned to each variable ranged from 0-18 for known underlying immunosuppression to 0-64 for triglyceride level. The median HScore was 230 (interquartile range [IQR] 203-257) for patients with a positive diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome and 125 (IQR 91-150) for patients with a negative diagnosis. The probability of having hemophagocytic syndrome ranged from <1% with an HScore of ≤90 to >99% with an HScore of ≥250.The HScore can be used to estimate an individual's risk of having reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. This scoring system is freely available online (http://saintantoine.aphp.fr/score/).