tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Publishing a 'first edition' no easier the second time
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Elsewhere in this issue is a detachable replica of Volume 1, No. 1, of<i>JAMA</i>, dated July 14, 1883. If everything had gone according to plan a century ago, that first edition would have been dated July 1, 1883, and<i>JAMA</i>'s second century would have been launched last week with the July 1, 1983, issue. However, neither history nor an embryonic publishing endeavor usually is that tidy. Certainly not in this case, as<i>JAMA</i>'s first editor, Nathan Smith Davis, MD, quickly learned. As one of Davis's successors, Morris Fishbein, MD, explained in his 1947 history of the American Medical Association: "Owing to the [Chicago] publisher's lack of facilities for such publication, the first number ofThe Journaldid not appear until July 14, 1883." And if there were obstacles to publishing Volume 1, No. 1 the<i>first</i>time, there were probably even more in publishing its replica a century
Topiramate as Treatment for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: George L. Spaeth, Anand V. Mantravadi
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vivo tumor-targeted dual-modal fluorescence/CT imaging using a nanoprobe co-loaded with an aggregation-induced emission dye and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Jimei Zhang, Chan Li, Xu Zhang, Shuaidong Huo, Shubin Jin, Fei-Fei An, Xiaodan Wang, Xiangdong Xue, C.I. Okeke, Guiyun Duan, Fengguang Guo, Xiaohong Zhang, Jifu Hao, Paul C. Wang, Jinchao Zhang, Xing-Jie Liang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Levels of biological markers of nitric oxide in serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona, Ewa Jablonska, Bozena Antonowicz, Dorota Dziemianczyk, Stanislawa Zyta Grabowska
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

The aim of the study was a determination of the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and its biological markers such as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and identification of the relationships between NO and those markers. These studies were performed on patients with SCC of the oral cavity before and after treatment. Griess reaction was used for the estimation of the total concentration of NO in serum. The nitrotyrosine level in serum was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay. Higher concentrations of NO in blood serum were determined in patients with stage IV of the disease before treatment in comparison to the control group and patients with stages II and III of the disease. Moreover, higher concentrations of MDA and nitrotyrosine were determined in the serum of patients in all stages of the disease in comparison to healthy people. After treatment, lower concentrations of NO in the serum of patients with stage IV of the disease were observed in comparison to the amounts obtained prior to treatment. In addition, lower levels of nitrotyrosine in the serum of patients with all stages of the disease were recorded, whereas higher concentrations of MDA were determined in these patients in comparison to results obtained before treatment. The compounds formed with the contribution of NO, such as MDA and nitrotyrosine, may lead to cancer progression in patients with SCC of the oral cavity, and contribute to formation of resistance to therapy in these patients as well. Moreover, the lack of a relationship between concentrations of NO and MDA, and between NO and nitrotyrosine in serum suggests that the process of lipid peroxidation and nitration in patients with SCC does not just depend on NO. An evaluation of the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and two markers of NO activity in the blood of people with oral cancer highlights possible roles for these compounds in cancer progression. Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona and colleagues at the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland, measured the levels of NO and the markers — malonyldialdehyde and nitrotyrosine — in 24 people with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, before and after surgical removal of a tumor. Concentrations of NO were greatest in individuals with advanced disease, consistent with the body mounting an immune attack. Following treatment, these concentrations dropped, suggesting a role for tumor cells in the secretion of this molecule. Malonyldialdehyde and nitrotyrosine levels followed different patterns, indicating that their production may not depend entirely on NO concentration. These compounds might also affect tumor development in different ways.
Measles Elimination In the Americas-Reply
Authors: Ciro A. de Quadros
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Mr Gay and Dr Nokes for their comments concerning our article. In their letter, they question the use of the Pan American Health Organization's operational criterion of the accumulation of 1 birth cohort of susceptible preschool-aged children for determining the proper interval between follow-up campaigns. We agree with Gay and Nokes that an epidemiologically based mathematical model could provide valuable guidance in determining the appropriate interval for follow-up campaigns and that the longer the intervals between such campaigns, the more economical and feasible such a strategy would be. As noted, however, a more conservative strategy is currently recommended that for most countries will call for a "followup" campaign every 4 to 5 years. The present strategy was adopted for 2 principal reasons. Most important is the fact that, until now, measles transmission has never been interrupted over any large contiguous area for more than a matter
Phase I Study of Autologous Tumor Vaccines Transduced with the GM-CSF Gene in Four Patients with Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer in Japan: Clinical and Immunological Findings
Authors: Kenzaburo Tani, Miyuki Azuma, Yukoh Nakazaki, Naoki Oyaizu, Hidenori Hase, Junko Ohata, Keisuke Takahashi, Maki OiwaMonna, Kisaburo Hanazawa, Yoshiaki Wakumoto, Kouji Kawai, Masayuki Noguchi, Yasushi Soda, Reiko Kunisaki, Kiyoshi Watari, Satoshi Takahashi, Utako Machida, Noriharu Satoh, Arinobu Tojo, Taira Maekawa, Masazumi Eriguchi, Shinji Tomikawa, Hideaki Tahara, Yusuke Inoue, Hiroki Yoshikawa, Yoshitsugu Yamada, Aikichi Iwamoto, Hirofumi Hamada, Naohide Yamashita, Koh Okumura, Tadao Kakizoe, Hideyuki Akaza, Makoto Fujime, Shirley Clift, Dale Ando, Richard Mulligan, Shigetaka Asano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

We produced lethally irradiated retrovirally GM-CSF-transduced autologous renal tumor cell vaccines (GVAX) from six Japanese patients with stage IV renal cell cancer (RCC). Four patients received GVAX ranging from 1.4 × 108 to 3.7 × 108 cells on 6–17 occasions. Throughout a total of 48 vaccinations, there were no severe adverse events. After vaccination, DTH skin tests became positive to autologous RCC (auto-RCC) in all patients. The vaccination sites showed significant infiltration by CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, and HLA-DR-positive cells. The kinetic analyses of cellular immune responses using peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed an enhanced proliferative response against auto-RCC in four patients, and cytotoxicity against auto-RCC was augmented in three patients. T cell receptor β-chain analysis revealed oligoclonal expansion of T cells in the peripheral blood, skin biopsy specimens from DTH sites, and tumors. Western blot analysis demonstrated the induction of a humoral immune response against auto-RCC. Two of the four patients are currently alive 58 and 40 months after the initial vaccination with low-dose interleukin-2. Our results suggest that GVAX substantially enhanced the antitumor cellular and humoral immune responses, which might have contributed to the relatively long survival times of our patients in the present study.
Comparing the Prevalence of Severe Food Allergies between Canada and the US
Authors: M. Ben-Shoshan, D.W. Harrington, S.H. Sicherer, J. Fragapane, L. Soller, L. Joseph, Y. St. Pierre, I. Cantin, S.J. Elliot, A.E. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Cellular regulation of exercise-induced insulin resistance
Authors: John P Kirwan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

While the effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity are generally positive, eccentric exercise presents a paradox because it induces a transient state of insulin resistance that persists for up to 48 h after the exercise bout. Excessive eccentric contractions, such as prolonged downhill running or marathon running, cause muscle damage and disruption of the integrity of the cell. Downregulation of insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent steps in the insulin signalling pathway, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphotidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, Akt-kinase serine phosphorylation and activity, and glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein content are evident in skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise. Furthermore, increased TNF-α secretion from monocytes is associated with the decrease in PI 3-kinase activity after this type of exercise. Recent studies have shown that TNF-α can increase IRS-1 serine/threonine phosphorylation, which impairs IRS-1 docking to the insulin receptor, and this inhibits insulin signalling. Thus, a unifying hypothesis to explain insulin resistance after eccentric exercise may include inflammation arising from disruption of muscle cell integrity, leading to an acute-phase response that includes TNF-α, with the latter inhibiting insulin signalling and subsequent metabolic events. In contrast, exercise training increases insulin signalling and GLUT-4 expression, decreases TNF-α expression in skeletal muscle, and is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity. These observations highlight the complexity of the cellular and molecular adaptations to exercise. Understanding these adaptations is essential in order to establish a sound theoretical basis for developing optimal training programmes for athletes and for recommending exercise as a therapeutic intervention for enhancing health.
Resveratrol Levels and All-Cause Mortality in Older Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Richard D. Semba, Luigi Ferrucci, Benedetta Bartali, Mireia Urpí-Sarda, Raul Zamora-Ros, Kai Sun, Antonio Cherubini, Stefania Bandinelli, Cristina Andres-Lacueva
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, red wine, chocolate, and certain berries and roots, is considered to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects in humans and is related to longevity in some lower organisms.
Whooping cough outbreak hits several US states
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Health authorities in California are urging all citizens to immunise themselves against whooping cough amid what is set to become the largest outbreak of the disease in 50 years. 

The state has seen a total of 2774 confirmed cases so far this year—seven times the number of cases last year—and eight babies have died. Seven of the babies were less than 2 months old and had not yet been vaccinated. The eighth baby had been born at 28 weeks and had received its first dose of the vaccine. A higher than normal incidence of whooping cough has also been reported in Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina.

The incidence of whooping cough …
Searching for genes in complex diseases: lessons from systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Neil Risch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

An article appearing last year in the JCI (1) found evidence of a role for the gene for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP, in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Two letters now appear in the current issue, one, by Criswell et al. ( 2), refuting a role of PARP in SLE, and the other, from the original authors, responding to this letter (3).This exchange merits some additional discussion, because it illustrates many of the difficulties faced by researchers searching for genetic factors in complex diseases.
A patient's eye view of quality
Authors: C. Rayner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

One of the difficulties of being a patient is the way ordinary words are given medical meanings. “What are you complaining of?” means, to a patient, “What are you whining and moaning about?” To a doctor it means, “What's your problem?” Similarly, “The procedure was explained and the patient reassured” looks good on nursing notes, but would startle the patient who could not understand the explanation.

> Can't you, with such a superior service to offer, do the same? 

The word “quality” is the new buzzword, with everyone in the health industry telling everyone else what quality is and how to achieve it. But who is talking to the patients, or, more importantly, listening to them? Their definition of quality does not necessarily match with yours.

The Patients Association collects the views of patients and offers them to healthcare professionals. I now offer them to you.

So, what does the word quality mean to us? In general terms we need to feel total trust in the system and the people in it …
P255 Improvement of sleep apnoea severity in obese patients pre and post bariatric surgery-is there more to it?
Authors: N Farah, R Gorrela, A Bhowmik, GH Bothamley, M Menon, K Devalia, Y Koak, S Agrawal, K Mannur, K Rajakulasingam
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is prevalent in obese patients and has substantial impact on health and society<sup>1</sup>. We undertook this analysis to examine changes in Sleep Apnoea severity by studying the Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) pre and post bariatric surgery in a London District General Hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively reviewed patients with a history of OSA who underwent a laparoscopic bariatric procedure between 2011 and 2012, preceded by a sleep study. Repeat sleep studies were performed in those patients who reported significant symptom reduction as part of the assessment to withdraw CPAP therapy. Following this, data concerning changes in BMI and corresponding AHI values were analysed as were Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty patients reported significant improvement in sleep apnoea symptoms and requested to come off CPAP therapy. Nineteen of them underwent a repeat sleep study. The mean age of the patients was 45 years (SEM = 2.1) with 14 of them being females. The mean pre and post-surgery BMI were 49 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SEM = 1.4) and 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SEM = 1.8)respectively (p = 0.000, paired t-test). The mean Epworth sleepiness scale scores were 13.3 and 7.4 (p = 0.001, paired t test) respectively for the same patients. The average time period for repeat sleep studies was 7 months (range 2 - 19). The mean baseline AHI pre surgery was 41 (SEM = 6.5) and the corresponding value post-surgery was 12.4 (SEM = 2.7) (p = 0.000, paired t-test). The correlation co-efficient corresponding to percentage decrease in BMI and AHI was 0.44 (Spearman’s correlation). The majority of patients included in this analysis discontinued the use of CPAP and continue to remain well. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis demonstrates the positive outcome on AHI and Epworth sleepiness scale scores following laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The correlation between percentage changes in BMI and AHI suggest there may be factors other than weight reduction alone contributing to the outcome. <sup>1</sup>Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2003). Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome in Adults:73. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.
THE ROLE OF THE MONKEY FETUS IN THE EXCHANGE OF THE WATER AND SODIUM OF THE AMNIOTIC FLUID*
Authors: Emanuel A. Friedman, Mary Jane Gray, Donald L. Hutchinson, Albert A. Plentl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Isotopic tracers allow for the expedient investigation of the exchange of elements or metabolic products between the maternal organism and conceptus. The quantity of carrier transferred per unit of time can be estimated from the behavior of tracers if the experimental data are subjected to the proper mathematical treatment. The general background and practical applications of the theory of multi-compartment systems to related biologic problems have recently been reviewed (1). Depending upon the aim of the investigation and the nature of the available experimental data, one can subdivide a given system into an arbitrary number of hypothetical compartments which exchange, or are assumed to exchange, their constituents at constant rates. If such a system is to be completely defined, time-activity curves for all compartments must be known and all must be accessible. Once the applicability of a certain kinetic model is established, the transfer rates can be calculated from a minimum of experimental data. It is the purpose of these investigations to test the applicability of a proposed kinetic model in order to provide the theoretical basis for further studies on clinical material. It is known that the human fetus participates in the exchange of water and electrolytes between amniotic fluid and mother (2), but because of its inaccessibility a quantitative formulation of these mechanisms is not easily accomplished. A knowledge of the tracer concentration in fetal blood as a function of time is a prerequisite for the calculation of transfer rates. Such a time-activity curve for the fetal compartment can be determined directly on some experimental animals where * This investigation was, in part, supported by a grantin-aid from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. samples of fetal blood can be obtained without disturbing the continuity of the system. The pregnant primate, a miniature model of the human maternal organism, should serve this purpose very well if it can be shown that the two species are comparable in the more pertinent aspects of water and electrolyte exchange. For the study of these problems three sets of experiments were carried out. The first was intended to show that the transfer rates of water in and out of the amniotic fluid compartment of pregnant monkeys at term are identical within the limits of error of the method. The second was intended to estimate the ratio of water to sodium transfer and to compare this ratio with values previously reported for the human. Finally, attempts were made to determine time-activity curves for all three compartments simultaneously and to estimate the overall transfer rates involving the fetus in utero.
Declining Severity of Myocardial Infarction From 1987 to 2002
Authors: Merle Myerson, Sean Coady, Herman Taylor, Wayne D. Rosamond, David C. Goff
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Death rates for coronary heart disease have been declining in the United States, but the reasons for this decline are not clear. One factor that could contribute to this decline is a reduction in the severity of acute myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that for those patients hospitalized in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with acute incident MI, there was a decline in MI severity from 1987 to 2002. Methods and Results— The community surveillance component of the ARIC Study consisted of tracking residents 35 to 74 years of age with hospitalized MI or fatal coronary heart disease in 4 diverse communities. For incident, hospitalized MI, a probability sample of hospital discharges was validated and an MI classification was assigned according to an algorithm consisting of chest pain, ECG evidence, and cardiac biomarkers. Severity indicators were chosen from abstracted hospital charts validated as a definite or probable MI. With few exceptions, the MI severity indicators suggested a significant decline in the severity of MI during the period of 1987 to 2002. The percent of MI cases with major ECG abnormalities decreased as evidenced by a 1.9%/y ( P =0.002) decline in the proportion of those with initial ST-segment elevation, a 3.9%/y ( P &lt;0.001) decline in those with subsequent Q-waves, and a 4.5%/y ( P &lt;0.001) decline in those with any major Q wave. Maximum creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB values declined (5.2% and 7.6%; P &lt;0.001, P &lt;0.001 per year, respectively), although in the later years, maximum troponin I values remained stable (1.1%/y decline; P =0.66). The percent with shock declined (5.7%/y; P &lt;0.001), although those with congestive heart failure remained stable. A combined severity score, the Predicting Risk of Death in Cardiac Disease Tool (PREDICT) score, also declined (0.2%/y; P &lt;0.001). Results for blacks paralleled those of the entire group, as did results for women. Conclusions— Evidence from ARIC community surveillance suggests that the severity of acute MI has declined among community residents hospitalized for incident MI. This reduction in severity may have contributed, along with other factors, to the decline in death rates for coronary heart disease.
Pancytopenia related to azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M E Jeurissen, A M Boerbooms, L B van de Putte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed pancytopenia during treatment with azathioprine 100 mg daily. In one patient this side effect occurred after three weeks, in the other after eight weeks of treatment. Rapid fall of platelets in one patient necessitated platelet transfusion. In the other patient additional treatment with allopurinol was probably responsible for the toxic effect. Haematological side effects of azathioprine are discussed.
Purpose of the General Medical Journal
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

One of the anxieties most insistently voiced by the communications media is anxiety about communication. If we could only communicate — so runs the thread of argument — war would cease, disagreement would melt away, and people would be healthier. Doctors, to take a specific example, would practice better medicine if communication in medical journals were more adequate, and those who make this claim equate "more adequate" with "more practical," with "less esoteric" as a loud overtone.The idea that medical journals indulge in obscurantist pedantry is not new. "I live a great distance from the City of Boston, and . . .