tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of local authority homes in the care of the dependent elderly: a prospective study.
Authors: G Masterton, E M Holloway, G C Timbury
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A two-year prospective study of 11 local authority homes showed no increase in the degrees of behavioural disabilities or the prevalence of dependency or dementia among the residents. This finding, which differed from trends reported in other studies, was unlikely to be due to the design of the study and occurred in the absence of a co-ordinated service for the elderly. It was probably the effect of changes in the admission policy of the social-work services and suggests that, in some parts of Britain at least, residential homes are no longer absorbing additional numbers of dependent or demented old people in need of institutional care.
ACUTE AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN OLDER DIABETIC PATIENTS RECEIVING A CORONARY STENT: CONTEMPORARY RESULTS IN 405,679 PATIENTS
Authors: William B. Hillegass, Manesh R. Patel, Kevin J. Anstrom, David Dai, Lloyd W. Klein, Hitinder S. Guram, Eric L. Eisenstein, Eric D. Peterson, John C. Messenger, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Problems in the Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: B. B. DIENA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

ExcerptTuberculosis mortality and morbidity have been impressively reduced by chemotherapy, but in recent years there has been a resurgence of new cases of tuberculosis. Reservoirs of tuberculosis infection are escaping detection because of the inadequacy of mass roentgenography and tuberculin testing. Omran and Deuschule (1), in a controlled study, found an 18% failure rate in the detection of tuberculosis by these methods. Futhermore, tuberculin sensitivity does not equate with active tuberculosis and is of little value after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. For these reasons, many investigators have tried to develop a serological method for the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, and...
Substance Flow Analysis: A Case Study of Fluoride Exposure through Food and Beverages in Young Children Living in Ethiopia
Authors: Marian Kjellevold Malde, Ruth Scheidegger, Kåre Julshamn, Hans-Peter Bader
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Dental and skeletal fluorosis is endemic in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Children are especially vulnerable to excessive fluoride intake because their permanent teeth are still being formed. Strategies to reduce the total fluoride intake by children are thus warranted.
Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis
Authors: J. S Callender
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Richard Webster Harper Collins, pounds sterling25, pp 673 ISBN 0 00 255568 9

The output of the Freud-bashing industry has been so prolific in recent years that another voluminous work pointing out the error of his ways begins to look like hitting the man when he is down.

Richard Webster states that the purpose of his book is to unravel the Freudian theory of human nature. He believes this is a necessary prelude to the development of an alternative way of thinking about ourselves and, in his final chapter, he gives an outline of …
Modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism significantly improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reverses hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Nora Bijl, Milka Sokolović, Carlos Vrins, Mirjam Langeveld, Perry D. Moerland, Roelof Ottenhoff, Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen, Nike Claessen, Rolf G. Boot, Jan Aten, Albert K. Groen, Johannes M. F. G. Aerts, Marco van Eijk
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The hyperinsulinemia that occurs as a consequence of insulin resistance is thought to be an important contributor to the development of fatty liver. We have shown that the iminosugar N-(5'-adamantane-1'-yl-methoxy)-pentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, is a potent enhancer of insulin signaling in rodent models for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The present study was designed to assess the impact of AMP-DNM on insulin levels, liver triglyceride synthesis, and gene expression profile. Treatment of ob/ob mice with AMP-DNM restored insulin signaling in the liver, corrected blood glucose values to levels found in lean mice, and decreased insulin concentration. The expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c target genes involved in fatty acid synthesis normalized. AMP-DNM treatment significantly reduced liver to body weight ratio and reversed hepatic steatosis, comprising fat as well as inflammatory markers. In addition, AMP-DNM treatment corrected to a large extent the gene expression profile of ob/ob mice livers toward the profile of lean mice.Pharmacological lowering of glycosphingolipids with the iminosugar AMP-DNM is a promising approach to restore insulin signaling and improve glucose homeostasis as well as hepatic steatosis.
Prognostic Value of Myocardial Ischemia and Viability in Patients With Chronic Left Ventricular Ischemic Dysfunction
Authors: Agnès Pasquet, Annie Robert, Anne-Marie D’Hondt, Robert Dion, Jacques A. Melin, Jean-Louis J. Vanoverschelde
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Previous studies showed that thallium scintigraphy and dobutamine echocardiography were accurate, noninvasive ways of predicting contractile recovery after revascularization in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, the prognostic impact of such methods remains uncertain. Methods and Results —We prospectively studied 137 consecutive patients with coronary disease and LV dysfunction who underwent exercise-redistribution-reinjection thallium scintigraphy and dobutamine echocardiography to identify myocardial ischemia and viability. A total of 94 patients subsequently underwent revascularization, and 43 underwent medical treatment. The primary endpoint was cardiac mortality, and mean follow-up was 33±10 months. Twenty-four patients died of cardiac causes. By Cox’s regression analysis, long-term survival was related to the extent of coronary disease, the presence of diabetes, type of treatment, the presence of ischemic myocardium as determined by thallium scintigraphy, and the presence of viable myocardium as determined by both tests. Three-year survival was greater in patients with ischemic myocardium (as determined by thallium scintigraphy) or viable myocardium (as determined by both tests) who underwent revascularization than in the other groups ( P =0.018 with thallium; P &lt;0.001 with dobutamine). Subgroup analyses indicated that among patients with 1- or 2-vessel disease, only those with ischemic or viable myocardium improved survival after revascularization, whereas in patients with 3-vessel or left main diseases, revascularization always improved survival, albeit more in the presence of ischemic or viable myocardium. Conclusions —Among the parameters commonly available in patients with LV ischemic dysfunction, the presence of ischemic myocardium (as determined by thallium scintigraphy) and that of viable myocardium (as determined by dobutamine echocardiography) are independent predictors of subsequent mortality. These observations may be useful in the preoperative selection of patients for revascularization.
OP0086-HPR A Self-Monitoring and Patient-Initiated Follow-Up Service for Patients with Rheumatoid or Psoriatic Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: H. McBain, M. Shipley, A. Olaleye, S. Moore, S.P. Newman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient-initiated services in rheumatology have been found to be cost-saving without compromising the clinical or psychosocial well-being of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Self-monitoring is a technique used in many other long-term conditions and is associated with reductions in healthcare utilisation and mortality and has been found to be satisfactory from the patient9s perspective. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy of a service which integrates self-monitoring into patient-initiated follow-ups for patients with RA or PsA on methotrexate; in terms of healthcare utilisation and clinical outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred patients with RA or PsA on methotrexate were randomised to either an intervention group or usual care. All participants were assessed over 6 blood tests. Those in the intervention group attended one training session where they were taught how to monitor their blood test results and which symptoms and side effects they should report. These participants had no scheduled appointments with their rheumatology nurse during the trial period, but continued with their consultant appointments as usual. Blood test results were sent to intervention participants and along with their assessment of symptoms and side effects, patients initiated a review with their nurse, when necessary. If these reviews were required an immediate outpatient appointment was made. Healthcare utilisation was monitored throughout the trial period. Poisson regressions and multi-level modelling were used to explore the impact of the intervention on healthcare usage and clinical outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences in clinical or demographic variables between the two groups at baseline. Across the trial period 78.85% of decisions made by intervention participants were considered to be correct. At the end of the trial period participants in the intervention group had 54.55% fewer appointments with their rheumatology nurse specialist (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001). There were no significant differences in the number of appointments with the rheumatologist or GP. Levels of pain, fatigue, ESR, CRP and disease activity did not differ between groups (<i>p</i>&gt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> After brief training patients with RA and PsA can successfully understand and interpret their blood test results and use this information along with reports of their symptoms and side effects to initiate appropriate reviews with their rheumatology nurse. Participants in the intervention group had fewer hospital appointments with their nurse specialist with no detrimental effects to their clinical status and with no increase in visits to the rheumatologist or GP. This model of care offers a viable alternative for established RA and PsA patients on DMARD therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4378
Methylprednisolone normalizes superoxide anion production by polymorphs from patients with ANCA-positive vasculitides
Authors: Daniela Macconi, Adrian Fabio Zanoli, Silvia Orisio, Lorena Longaretti, Luca Magrini, Stefano Rota, Antonella Radice, Cristiana Pozzi, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
The Arrestin Domain-Containing 3 Protein Regulates Body Mass and Energy Expenditure
Authors: Parth Patwari, Valur Emilsson, Eric E. Schadt, William A. Chutkow, Samuel Lee, Alessandro Marsili, Yongzhao Zhang, Radu Dobrin, David E. Cohen, P. Reed Larsen, Ann Marie Zavacki, Loren G. Fong, Stephen G. Young, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
The Trade in Lunacy: A Study of Private Mad-houses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

If you have read much material of early 20th century English literature, you have probably read of people being improperly confined and mistreated in private madhouses. If you have read much psychiatric history you have probably read of the great reforms instituted by the Tukes at the York Retreat and the achievements of "moral treatment." Apart from these two areas, relatively little has been written about the English private asylums of the 18th and 19th centuries. Now Parry-Jones has made a careful investigation of the history of these institutions in provincial England and Wales, especially during the period 1775 to 1857. He has used the extensive records—approximately 3,500 documents—of two such houses, Hook Norton and Witney, both in Oxfordshire, as much manuscript as he could obtain on other asylums, as well as parliamentary reports, books, pamphlets, and articles. He shows that there were indeed abuses but that the majority of
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Its Relationship With Cardiac Function in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jannet A. Eindhoven, Annemien E. van den Bosch, Titia P.E. Ruys, Petra Opić, Judith A.A.E. Cuypers, Jackie S. McGhie, Maarten Witsenburg, Eric Boersma, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Multifunctional porous silicon nanoparticles for cancer theranostics
Authors: Chang-Fang Wang, Mirkka P. Sarparanta, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Maija L.K. Hyvönen, Pirjo M. Laakkonen, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Anu J. Airaksinen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Serum surfactant protein-A levels in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: I R Doyle, T E Nicholas, A D Bersten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Detection of alveolo-capillary damage has important implications for treatment modalities in ventilated patients. Although surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is normally only found in appreciable amounts in the lung, we describe significantly elevated concentrations in the sera of patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (median, 250 ng/ml; range, 180 to 364; n = 10) and in those with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (median, 378 ng/ml; range, 215 to 1,378; n = 15) relative to healthy control subjects (median, 175 ng/ml; range, 123 to 248; n = 15) and ventilated patients with no cardiorespiratory disease (median, 169 ng/ml; range, 126 to 253; n = 6) (p < 0.01, in all cases). Serum SP-A was inversely related to blood oxygenation and to static respiratory system compliance both at the time of the patient's entry into the study (p < 0.005, rs = -0.51, n = 31; p < 0.001, rs = 0.82, n = 17; respectively) and during the course of admission (p < 0.001, rs = -0.34, n = 168; p < 0.001, rs = -0.50, n = 111; respectively). In addition, we describe in detail three cases of ARDS where lung function either improved, remained static, or deteriorated. We conclude that serum SP-A is an acute indicator of lung function and alveolo-capillary membrane injury.
Social Structures and Aging Individuals: Continuing Challenges
Authors: Ross Andel
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Table for Ascertaining Whether Differences between Percentages are Statistically Significant
Authors: R. F. Garside
Journal: BMJ (1958)

STAPHYLOCOCCAL SPINAL MENINGITISMEDICARLJURHNAL 1459 days she developed frontal headache, and on the day of admission complained for the first time of a stiff neck.On examination she was toxic and ill, with a high fever (1040 F. -40°C.) and rapid pulse (148 a minute).She showed gross back and neck stiffness, but no local bone tender- ness or signs of cord compression.The C.S.F. was turbid and xanthochromic under markedly reduced pressure, and examination showed 5,000 polymorphs per c.mm., protein 1,950 mg./100 ml., and sugar 35 mg./100 ml.Staph.pyo- genes was grown from both blood and C.S.F.culture.Treatment was started at once with 10,000 units of penicillin intrathecally, 1 million units intramuscularly, 2 g. of sulphadimidine and 1 g. of streptomycin intramuscularly.Despite this she died suddenly a few hours a'fter admission.Necropsy (Dr.J. S. Faulds) showed multiple staphylococcal lung abscesses, a small splenic abscess, and severe toxic changes in liver and heart muscle.Detailed examination of the vertebrae failed to show any obvious osteomyelitis, and there was no epidural collection of pus.The meningeal changes were marked in the spinal canal, but much less obvious at the base of the brain, and virtually absent over the vertex.
Outcome in colorectal adenocarcinoma: two seven-year studies of a population.
Authors: N L Gordon, A A Dawson, B Bennett, G Innes, O Eremin, P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To record every patient with proved colorectal adenocarcinoma presenting from a defined population over two years in 1968-9 and during 1980-2, and to compare treatment and outcome over seven years. DESIGN--Retrospective in 1968-9 and prospective in 1980-2. SETTING--Aberdeen general hospitals. SUBJECTS--Every patient presenting to the four general surgical units with histological proof of colorectal adenocarcinoma. MAIN FINDINGS--On average, one new patient presented each week per 100,000 population. The proportion of patients aged 65 and over rose from 67% to 71%. An operation was performed on 385 patients in 1968-9 and on 399 during 1980-2. At laparotomy the proportion of patients who seemed to be curable and had a radical operation rose slightly, from 56% to 61%, and operative mortality fell from 9% to 5%. In all there were 421 survivors of curative surgery, and seven years later three quarters were either alive (51%) or had died without recurrence (25%). In both studies some 40% of patients were considered incurable when they presented, but the number who had a palliative resection rose from 59% to 85%. CONCLUSIONS--The contribution of radical surgery to the treatment of colorectal adenocarcinoma is substantial, with three quarters of patients so treated showing no evidence of recurrence after seven years. Operative mortality in an elderly population is now low, and improvement in late outcome is more likely to come from developments in adjuvant therapy than in operative technique. A continuing problem is that 40% of patients are not curable when they present, although palliative resection can now be offered to over 80%.
Effect of hydralazine on aortic rupture induced by B-aminopropionitrile in turkeys.
Authors: C F Simpson, W J Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effects of hydralazine on aortic rupture, hemodynamics and aortic ultrastructure were studied in turkeys fed B-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). A mortality rate of 24% due to hemopericardium and internal hemorrhage in turkeys fed only BAPN increased to 91% when turkeys were fed both BAPN and hydralazine, despite a significant reduction in blood pressure after both drugs. Death rates among turkeys fed BAPN and hydralazine were lowered by adding either dietary propranolol (53%), which lowered blood pressure and dP/dt max, or reserpine (67%), which reduced blood pressure and increased dP/dt max. Striking ultrastructural alterations of collagenous and elastic fibers of the aortic media, which were additive to the effects of BAPN alone, were induced by BAPN and hydralazine. This study demonstrates that a 6-week feeding of high levels of BAPN and hydralazine, which accumulates in vessel walls, can produce vascular injury and increase mortality from hemorrhage in lathyritic turkeys.
Extracellular matrix proteins modulate asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via an autocrine mechanism
Authors: Peter R.A. Johnson, Janette K. Burgess, P.Anne Underwood, Wendy Au, Maree H. Poniris, Michael Tamm, Qi Ge, Michael Roth, Judith L. Black
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
The amygdala – responsible for memories of reward as well as punishment?
Authors: Amanda Parker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls's proposal that the amygdala is critical for the association of visual objects with reward is not consistent with recent ablation evidence. Stimulus-reward association learning is more likely to depend on basal forebrain efferents to the inferior temporal cortex, some of which pass through the amygdala. It is more likely that the amygdala is involved in rapid modulation of stimulus reward value.
Therapeutic Studies in Asiatic Cholera.
Authors: Charles C. J. Carpenter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Therapeutic Studies in Asiatic Cholera.Charles C. J. Carpenter, M.D., R. Bradley Sack, M.D., Sam A. Wells, M.D., Peter E. Dans, M.D., Rabindra N. ChaudhuriCharles C. J. Carpenter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Bradley Sack, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sam A. Wells, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter E. Dans, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rabindra N. ChaudhuriSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1090_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn effective fluid repletion regimen for treatment of Asiatic cholera has previously been delineated. During the 1963 and 1964 epidemics in Calcutta, a series of carefully controlled studies were carried out in order to (1) clarify the role of antibiotics in the treatment of cholera; (2) compare the relative efficacy of lactate and bicarbonate in correcting the acidosis; and (3) determine a practical means of estimating intravenous fluid requirements of cholera patients in epidemic situations. The studies included 120 hypotensive adult males, all of whom were treated by a basic fluid repletion regimen of isotonic saline and isotonic sodium lactate... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles C. J. Carpenter, M.D.; R. Bradley Sack, M.D.; Sam A. Wells, M.D.; Peter E. Dans, M.D.; Rabindra N. Chaudhuri PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1090-1091KeywordsAntibioticsBicarbonatesCholeraIsotonicityLactatesSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...