tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of adrenal cholesterol in man
Authors: Abraham Borkowski, Claude Delcroix, Sam Levin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The synthesis of adrenal cholesterol, its esterification and the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones were studied in vitro on human adrenal tissue. It was found that the synthesis of adrenal cholesterol may normally be small in the zona "fasciculata," particularly when compared with the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones, that it is several times higher in the zona "reticularis" where esterified cholesterol is less abundant, and that under ACTH stimulation it increases strikingly and proportionally to the degree of esterified adrenal cholesterol depletion. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RELATIVE RATE OF ESTERIFICATION AS WELL AS THE CONCENTRATION OF FREE ADRENAL CHOLESTEROL ARE REMARKABLY STABLE: they do not differ according to the adrenal zonation and are unaffected by ACTH. Furthermore, from a qualitative point of view, the relative proportions of Delta(1) and Delta(2) cholesteryl esters formed in situ are similar to those anticipated from their relative concentrations, suggesting that the characteristic fatty acid distribution of the adrenal cholesteryl esters results from an in situ esterification rather than from a selective uptake of the plasma cholesteryl esters. Besides, the in vitro esterification reveals a propensity to the formation of the most unsaturated cholesteryl esters. Regarding hydrocortisone and corticosterone, their synthesis tends to be more elevated in the zona "fasciculata." Despite its higher cholesterol concentration the zona "fasciculata" should not therefore be viewed as a quiescent functional complement to the zona "reticularis" and the cortical distribution of glucocorticosteroid hormone synthesis is quite distinct from that of adrenal cholesterol synthesis.
Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus chest radiotherapy followed by surgery for stages IIIA (N2) and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: mature results of Southwest Oncology Group phase II study 8805.
Authors: K S Albain, V W Rusch, J J Crowley, T W Rice, A T Turrisi, J K Weick, V A Lonchyna, C A Presant, R J McKenna, D R Gandara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of concurrent chemotherapy and irradiation (chemoRT) followed by surgery in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a cooperative group setting, and to estimate response, resection rates, relapse patterns, and survival for stage subsets IIIA(N2) versus IIIB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Biopsy proof of either positive N2 nodes (IIIAN2) or of N3 nodes or T4 primary lesions (IIIB) was required. Induction was two cycles of cisplatin and etoposide plus concurrent chest RT to 45 Gy. Resection was attempted if response or stable disease occurred. A chemoRT boost was given if either unresectable disease or positive margins or nodes was found. RESULTS The median follow-up time for 126 eligible patients [75 stage IIIA(N2) and 51 IIIB] was 2.4 years. The objective response rate to induction was 59%, and 29% were stable. Resectability was 85% for the IIIA(N2) group eligible for surgery and 80% for the IIIB group. Reversible grade 4 toxicity occurred in 13% of patients. There were 13 treatment-related deaths (10%) and 19 others (15%) died of causes not related to toxicity or tumor. Of 65 relapses, 11% were only locoregional and 61% were only distant. There were 26 brain relapses, of which 19 were the sole site or cause of death. There was no survival difference (P = .81) between stage IIIA(N2) versus stage IIIB (median survivals, 13 and 17 months; 2-year survival rates, 37% and 39%; 3-year survival rates, 27% and 24%). The strongest predictor of long-term survival after thoracotomy was absence of tumor in the mediastinal nodes at surgery (median survivals, 30 v 10 months; 3-year survival rates, 44% v 18%; P = .0005). CONCLUSION This trimodality approach was feasible in this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study, with an encouraging 26% 3-year survival rate. An Intergroup study is currently being conducted to determine whether surgery adds more to the risk or to the benefit of chemoRT.
Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Niklas Nielsen, Matthew P. Wise, Simon Finfer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Materials and Methods Sixty unconscious cardiac arrest patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were treated with induced hypothermia in three Swedish hospitals during 18 months. Treatment was induced within two hours post arrest using cold saline (+4°C) (1), after which a water filled wrapping system (ThermoWrap®, MTRE) maintained target temperature at 33±1oC for 24h and controlled re-warming at 0.5 oC/h. The neurological outcome was evaluated at hospital discharge using the CPC-scale (2), where CPC 1-2 represents good outcome (mild or no impairment) and CPC 3-5 represents bad outcome (severe neurological impairment or death).
Single, sequential, and multiple alkylating agent therapy for multiple myeloma: a CALGB Study.
Authors: M R Cooper, O R McIntyre, K J Propert, S Kochwa, K Anderson, M Coleman, R A Kyle, D Prager, S Rafla, B Zimmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Four intravenous (IV) alkylating agent regimens were tested in 615 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Patients were randomized to receive melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine in combination (MCBP), sequentially (Seq-MCBP), or in combination with doxorubicin (MCBPA). The fourth group received IV melphalan (MP) as the only alkylating agent. All groups received a tapering dose of prednisone. Toxicity was similar for all regimens although the nadir of cytopenia was reached more quickly for the regime including melphalan only. Response as measured by reduction in myeloma protein or other parameters were similar for the four treatments. Survival was significantly poorer for the group receiving the alkylating agents in sequence. The survival of high tumor cell load patients who were azotemic was better in the groups treated with IV MP or with the combination of IV MCBP. In view of the simplicity and probable cost savings attached to single-agent treatment, a melphalan/prednisone regimen should be considered as initial therapy for all patients with myeloma.
Usefullness of CPR and PCT in the etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rosaly Moreno, Beatriz Montull, Eva Polverino, Soledad Reyes, José Miguel Sahuquillo, Juan Ginés Cόrdoba, Raquel Martinez, Catia Cilloniz, Alexandra Gimeno, Jacobo Sellarés, María Angeles Marcos, Rosario Menéndez, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Biomarkers - C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)- in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) could be useful to distinguish bacterial or viral etiology.   Objective:  To analyse initial levels of CRP and PCT in hospitalised CAP according to etiological diagnosis.   Material and method:  Prospective observational study in 685 patients. The etiology of CAP was classified as bacterial, viral and atypical ( Mycoplasma, Coxiella  and  Chlamydophila ). We have calculated the cut-off points of PCT and CRP to differentiate bacterial or viral etiology and its diagnostic value through sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).   Results:  An etiological diagnosis was reached in 295 (43%) patients: 203 (29.6%) bacterial - 118  S pneumoniae  (51.1%) and 24  Legionella  (11.8%)-, 12 (1.8%) virus and 24 (3.5%) atypical. The comparison between  Legionella  vs  S pneumoniae  with a cut off CRP≥22 and S:70%. E:59%. PPV:27%. NPV:90%; Atypical vs Bacteria with a threshold of PCT   Conclusion:  A threshold of PCT>0.5 rules out viral etiology with a very high negative predictive value.  Legionella  is associated with initial higher CRP. CRP and PCT do not allow to differentiate between viral or atypical etiology.
Crystal Deposition in the Knee and Great Toe Joints of Asymptomatic Gout Patients
Authors: T D Kennedy, C S Higgens, D F Woodrow, J T Scott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Crystal deposition in asymptomatic knee and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints has been studied in 31 patients with previously proven gout. All had had clinical gout in their MTP joints but their knee joints had never been the site of acute gout. Knee arthroscopy was performed permitting synovial membrane inspection, photography and biopsy. Crystalline material was seen in 9 knees (28%) and confirmed histologically as monosodium urate (MSU) in 4 (12.5%). Synovial fluid analysis on 26 samples using a polarizing light microscope demonstrated MSU crystals in 4 (12.5%) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in 2 (6%). Fluid aspirated from 27 of the metatarsophalangeal joints revealed MSU crystals in 14 (52%) and no CPPD crystals.
Bovine Genome Sequenced
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Characteristics, Vascular Function, and Inflammation in Women With Angina in the Absence of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kamakki Banks, Divijani Puttagunta, Sabina Murphy, Monica Lo, Darren K. McGuire, James A. de Lemos, Alice Y. Chang, Scott M. Grundy, Amit Khera
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
<i>In vivo</i> activity of Atiprimod on SCID models of multiple myeloma
Authors: E. P. Neri, P. Tassone, M. Hamasaki, T. Hideshima, L. Catley, G. S. Jacob, D. Picker, S. Venuta, K. C. Anderson, N. C. Munshi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6603 Atiprimod (N-N-diethl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine), an orally bioavailable cationic amphiphilic agent previously studied for its anti-inflammatory activity in animal models and in human clinical trials, has been recently demonstrated to exert in vitro anti-tumor activity, including growth inhibition and caspase-mediated apoptosis, against human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (Makoto et al, ASH 2004). We first demonstrated the in vitro activity of Atiprimod against IL-6 independent (OPM1) as well as dependent (INA-6) MM cells. By MTT analysis, time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell survival of both cell-lines was observed with IC50 in the range of 0.5–2 μM. We next evaluated the potential activity of Atiprimod as a therapeutic agent in vivo, using three different animal models of human MM: i) SCID mice bearing subcutaneous OPM1 were treated i.p. with Atiprimod or vehicle alone (PBS) on alternate days for 2 weeks. In this model 28%, 30%, 60% inhibition of tumor growth was observed in mice treated with Atiprimod 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively compared to control group; ii) SCID mice implanted with a human fetal bone chip (SCID-hu) and subsequently engrafted with IL-6 dependent MM INA-6 cells, were treated i.p. with Atiprimod (40 mg/kg) or vehicle alone (PBS) on alternate days for two weeks. In this model the effect of drug was measured by detection of serum shuIL-6R released by MM cells. After 14 days a 75% reduction in shuIL-6R was observed as compared to mice injected with control; iii) SCID-hu mice engrafted with patient MM cells (IgGκ) were treated i.p. with Atiprimod (50 mg/kg) or vehicle alone (PBS) on alternate days for 2 weeks. Treatment with Atiprimod induced a reduction of human paraprotein in mouse sera, whereas IgGκ continued to rise in mice treated with vehicle alone. These data demonstrate in vivo activity of Atiprimod, suggesting its potential utility for treatment of MM. Based on these results a phase I study has been initiated and patients have already been enrolled at this time. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 10685: Bicuspid and 'Partially Fused' Aortic Valves are Common and Associated with Aortic Dilation Across Age Groups in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Laura Olivieri, Ridhwan Baba, W. P Bandettini, Vladimir Bakalov, Vandana Sachdev, Douglas Rosing, Carolyn Bondy, Andrew Arai
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Women with Turner syndrome (TS) commonly have congenital aortic valve disease contributing to premature cardiovascular morbidity. Methods The aortic valve and thoracic aorta were charact...
Effectiveness and replicability of modules for teaching social and instrumental skills to the severely mentally ill
Authors: C J Wallace, R P Liberman, S J MacKain, G Blackwell, T A Eckman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

This study evaluated the effectiveness and replicability of psychoeducational modules designed to improve the social and instrumental competencies of severely mentally ill patients.Staff in seven facilities used the modules to teach 108 severely mentally ill patients. Staff received 2 days of formal training followed by periodic consultation. Each module's effectiveness was measured by a test of the patients' knowledge and performance of the skills taught in that module. Staff's adherence to the instructional techniques specified in the modules was measured by directly observing them and assessing the fidelity of their behaviors to those specified in the modules.The patients' skills significantly improved and were maintained during a 1-year follow-up, and staff accurately followed the modules with minimal consultation.These training modules are effective and replicable techniques for teaching social and instrumental skills to severely mentally ill patients. The modules can be easily disseminated to a variety of facilities and used as components in a comprehensive rehabilitation program.
Cheyletiella sp. in the personal environment.
Authors: M. HEWITT, S.M. TURK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Cheyletiella sp., with other mites, was isolated from the underclothes shakings of a woman with a papular rash and chronic urticaria. She had no contact with pets. Previously, Cheyletiella has been recognized only as an infestation derived from animals. The possible significance of this finding is discussed. The minute morphological differences between C. parasitivorax and C.yasguri are described.
Controlled trials: allocation concealment, random allocation, and blinding
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The efficacy of nicotine patches in pregnant women who smoke was investigated using a randomised placebo controlled trial. The intervention was the administration of 16 hour nicotine patches until the time of delivery. Participants were 402 pregnant women older than 18 years who smoked at least five cigarettes a day and whose babies were between 12 and 20 weeks' gestation. Women were recruited from 23 maternity wards throughout France. To ensure allocation concealment, the allocation sequence was randomly generated by computer by someone independent of the trial. After recruitment, participants were allocated to intervention patches (n=203) or placebo patches (n=199) according to the allocation sequence.1 The primary outcome measures were achievement of complete abstinence until delivery and birth weight. The proportion of women who achieved complete abstinence was higher in the nicotine patch group than in the placebo group, although the difference was not significant (11 (5.5%) v 10 (5.1%); odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 2.60). The mean birth weight was higher in the nicotine patch group, although the difference was not significant (3065 g (standard error 44 g) v 3015 g (44 g); difference 50 g, −71.1 to 172.3). It was concluded that the nicotine patch did not increase smoking cessation rates or birth weights. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Surgeon perspectives on local therapy for breast cancer
Authors: M. Morrow, S. J. Katz, P. M. Lantz, N. K. Janz, A. Fagerlin, K. Schwartz, L. Liu, D. Deapen, B. Salem, I. Lakhani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

601 Background: Geographic variations in the use of mastectomy (M) and the use of radiation (RT) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) have raised concerns about surgeon adherence to treatment standards. Methods: We surveyed all attending surgeons (N=456) of a population-based sample of breast cancer patients diagnosed in Detroit and Los Angeles from 12/01 - 1/03 (N=365, response rate 80.0%). Clinical scenarios were used to evaluate surgeon preference. Results: The mean surgeon age was 49.4 years; 14.4% were female; 65.5% did ≤50 breast surgeries per year and 48.2% practiced in community hospitals. In an invasive cancer scenario, 73.3% favored BCS, 19.7% were neutral, and 7.0% favored M. Higher volume surgeons were more likely to favor BCS than those of moderate or low volume (87.2%, 74.0%, 60.8% Wald test 23.0, p<.001). Preferences for BCS were not associated with estimates of the risk of local recurrence, but surgeons who favored BCS were more likely to perceive quality of life (QOL) benefits for BCS (85.9%) compared to surgeons who favored M (28.6%) and those who did not favor one procedure over the other (60.0%, p<.001). In a DCIS scenario, 96% of surgeons favored BCS: 35.0% without RT and 61.0% with RT. Differences in preference for BCS in invasive cancer and DCIS were significant (p<.001). Surgeon opinions about RT after BCS for DCIS varied significantly by geographic site, surgeon volume and patient age. Compared to male surgeons, female surgeons were more likely to not favor one procedure over the other for treatment of invasive disease (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.9, 4.9) and were more likely to believe that the two surgical procedures conferred the same QOL at one year (adjusted OR 2.0, 95%, CI 1.0, 4.2). Conclusion: Surgical volume and gender influence treatment recommendations with higher volume surgeons more frequently endorsing BCS. This may partly be explained by greater belief that BCS confers better QOL. Gender differences regarding treatment may reflect gender differences in the relative weight given to preserving the breast versus the negative impact of treatment-related morbidity on quality of life. The greater preference for BCS in DCIS compared to invasive cancer is not supported by clinical trials data. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Role of progesterone receptor status (PR) as predictive factor of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer (BC) patients (pts)
Authors: J. M. Perez Garcia, C. Saura, E. Muñoz, G. Sanchez-Olle, P. Gomez, V. Peg, D. Sabadell, J. Cortes, J. Baselga, M. Bellet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

637 Background: While estrogen receptor (ER) negativity has been consistently associated to higher pCR rates after NACT in BC, few data regarding the association of PR with pCR has been reported. PR positivity has been related to taxol resistance in in vitro chemosensitivity assays. Our aim was to investigate the putative role of PR in the prediction of pCR in a cohort of BC pts receiving NACT. Methods: Medical reports of all pts receiving NACT and breast surgery between 2004 and 2006 in our institution were reviewed. Baseline clinical and histological features, along with type of preoperative therapy were examined as variables for association with pCR (no invasive tumor in breast and axilla) using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: 128 pts were included. 73.4% received anthracycline and taxanes (A&amp;Tx) based CT and 9.4% also received trastuzumab (T). PR+ (≥ 10%) was significantly associated with low histological grade (HG), low Ki67 (&lt;10%), HER-2- (Herceptest 0,1,or 2 with FISH-) and ER+ (≥10%). Overall pCR rate was 18.8%. No PR+ patient achieved pCR. In univariate analysis, high HG, ER-, PR-, HER-2-, high Ki67, T therapy, and number of CT cycles were significantly associated with pCR. In multivariate analysis only HER-2 and PR status were statistically significant. Similarly, PR and HER-2 status were independently related to pCR in the subgroup of pts receiving A&amp;Tx (N = 94, 20.2%pCR). In the HER-2- subgroup (n = 89, 9%pCR) only ER independently predicted pCR, while in the HER-2+ subgroup (n = 33, 42.4%pCR, 57.1%pCR with T), both PR- and T therapy were the only predictive factors for pCR in the univariate and multivariate analyses. When the 24 HER-2+ pts treated with A&amp;Tx (23 taxol/1 taxotere) ± T were separately analyzed, only PR retained statistical significance in the multivariate model. Conclusions: In our cohort of BC pts treated with NACT, PR status independently predicts pCR in the whole population as well as in the A&amp;Tx-treated and in the HER-2+ subgroups. In the HER-2+ pts receiving A&amp;Tx ± T PR negativity was the only factor associated with pCR. PR status merits further investigation as a predictive factor for pCR to NACT, in particular in HER-2+ population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.