tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Angiosarcoma
Authors: Paul S. Monroe
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A 32-year-old woman with an eight-year history of oral contraceptive use was found at laparotomy to have a hepatic angiosarcoma. The prolonged exposure to contraceptive hormones may have been a factor in the development of this rare tumor. The estrogens and progestins contained in oral contraceptives are biochemically similar to the anabolic-androgenic steroids that have recently been reported to cause hepatic angiosarcoma. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:64-65)
A Tale of Two Trials
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, James A. de Lemos, Christopher P. Cannon, Michael Blazing, Sabina A. Murphy, Carolyn H. McCabe, Robert Califf, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The Aggrastat to Zocor (A to Z) and Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE IT) trials compared intensive and moderate statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes, with seemingly disparate results. We analyzed the design, implementation, and results of the two trials in an attempt to clarify the effects of early intensive statin therapy.Study design, end points, and definitions were compared. In each trial, comparisons were made between intensive and moderate arms for both trials' primary end points and death/myocardial infarction. Analyses were performed over various time points: at the end of the trials, < or =4 months, and >4 months. Subjects in A to Z had higher-risk demographics. More PROVE IT subjects were enrolled in the United States and underwent prerandomization revascularization. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) difference was greater in A to Z than in PROVE IT early (< or =4 months) but less late. Significant C-reactive protein reduction was earlier in PROVE IT. With common end points, event rates were higher in A to Z, and early favorable separation of event curves was seen in PROVE IT but not in A to Z. Clinical end point rates and reductions were similar in both trials after 4 months.An early benefit was seen in PROVE IT but not in A to Z. Late-phase results were similar. Factors that may explain this disparity include the intensity of therapy in the early phase, timing, and magnitude of LDL and C-reactive protein lowering, differences in early revascularization, and the play of chance. Taken together, the results of these trials support a strategy of early intensive statin therapy coupled with revascularization when appropriate in patients after acute coronary syndrome.
Evidence for absence of histones in the Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast: a study with anti-H2A and monoclonal anti-H3 antibodies
Authors: K.N. KONSTANTINOV, VALYA R. RUSSANOVA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Evidence for absence of histones in the Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast: a study with anti‐H2A and monoclonal anti‐H3 antibodies Get access K.N. KONSTANTINOV, K.N. KONSTANTINOV Institute of Dermatology and Venerology, Academy of Medicine, Sofia Dr Konstantin Konstantinov, Institute of Dermatology and Venerology, Academy of Medicine, Boul. Georgi Sofiiski 1, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VALYA R. RUSSANOVA VALYA R. RUSSANOVA Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 4, 1 October 1987, Pages 451–456, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04924.x Published: 01 October 1987
Organic Diets Significantly Lower Children’s Dietary Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides
Authors: Chensheng Lu, Kathryn Toepel, Rene Irish, Richard A. Fenske, Dana B. Barr, Roberto Bravo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We used a novel study design to measure dietary organophosphorus pesticide exposure in a group of 23 elementary school-age children through urinary biomonitoring. We substituted most of children's conventional diets with organic food items for 5 consecutive days and collected two spot daily urine samples, first-morning and before-bedtime voids, throughout the 15-day study period. We found that the median urinary concentrations of the specific metabolites for malathion and chlorpyrifos decreased to the nondetect levels immediately after the introduction of organic diets and remained nondetectable until the conventional diets were reintroduced. The median concentrations for other organophosphorus pesticide metabolites were also lower in the organic diet consumption days; however, the detection of those metabolites was not frequent enough to show any statistical significance. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that an organic diet provides a dramatic and immediate protective effect against exposures to organophosphorus pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural production. We also concluded that these children were most likely exposed to these organophosphorus pesticides exclusively through their diet. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ a longitudinal design with a dietary intervention to assess children's exposure to pesticides. It provides new and persuasive evidence of the effectiveness of this intervention.
The "Intact" Hand After Crush and Burn
Authors: Gordon H. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1974)

"Edema," Sterling Bunnell said, "is the mother of scar." A fecund and implacable mother, he might have added. Edema of the lower extremity has a host of genetic factors, including the law of gravity. Edema of the hand and arm, by and large, has two basic causes: trauma, including surgical trauma, from the axilla downward, and the inflammatory state, with or without infection. Crush and burn are the worst of the traumas, if we except mangling beyond hope of salvage. The hand is a compound cylinder with a thick and tough volar skin, backed by fascial sheets and septa, with few escape hatches. The carpal tunnel has minimal room for the eight tendons and major nerve it must carry. Destructive pressure on the median nerve is common even without gross trauma; the ulnar nerve, hardly more than a centimeter away, passes through an unyielding tunnel as it divides into motor
Abstract OT3-3-09: ARTemis trial - randomised trial with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early breast cancer
Authors: HM Earl, C Blenkinsop, L Grybowicz, A-L Vallier, DA Cameron, JMS Bartlett, N Murray, C Caldas, J Thomas, JA Dunn, HB Higgins, L Hiller, L Hayward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Bevacizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody which targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has shown promising anti-tumour effect when given concurrently with taxane-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. However two neoadjuvant breast cancer trials have produced conflicting results. The GEPARQUINTO trial reported significant benefit only in the triple negative patients (pCR 27.8% vs 36.4% p = 0.021). The NSABP-B40 study showed significant benefit for bevacizumab only in the ER+ve patients (pathological complete response (pCR) in ER+ve population 15.2% vs 23.3%, p = 0.008). Trial design: ARTemis is a phase III randomised trial to determine whether the addition to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of bevacizumab is more effective than standard chemotherapy alone in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer. A total of 400 patients will be randomised into each of the two treatment arms which will allow an absolute difference in the pCR rates in excess of 10% to be detected at the 5% (2-sided) level of significance with an 85% power. Primary outcome is pathological complete response rates after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, i.e. no residual invasive carcinoma in the breast, and no evidence of metastatic disease within the lymph nodes. Secondary outcomes are disease free survival, overall survival, complete pathological response rates in breast alone, radiological response after 3 and 6 cycles of chemotherapy and rate of breast conservation and toxicities. Translational work (ARTemis-Science): collection of blood samples, and paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed and fresh tissue samples to investigate whether markers for chemotherapy response/resistance, and pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic markers can be correlated with outcomes (pathCR and RFS) in patients randomised to receive bevacizumab versus those that do not. Eligibility criteria: Histologically confirmed HER2-negative invasive breast cancer; T2 to T4 tumour and/or large/fixed axillary nodes (&amp;gt;20mm/clinical N2 or N3), or inflammatory disease; suitable for, and fit to receive neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and an anti-angiogenic. Results: Recruitment into ARTemis began in April 2009 and as of June 2012 had recruited 600 (75%) patients and 65 sites are open for recruitment. ARTemis is due to complete recruitment by first quarter of 2013 and the first planned interim analysis of the primary outcome will be December 2013. Conclusion: The IDSMC reviewed the trial in June 2012 and recommended continuation of recruitment to this important trial given there were no safety concerns. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-3-09.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I differentially induce alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Z W Hu, X Y Shi, B B Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Hyperinsulinemia has been implicated as an important risk factor for the development of accelerated cardiovascular disease. We wondered if insulin or IGF-I induced expression of alpha1 adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) which could enhance smooth muscle contraction and cell growth activated by catecholamines. Rat aortic VSMCs were incubated with insulin or IGF-I for various times and expression of alpha1 receptors was detected using [3H]prazosin binding. Both insulin and IGF-I increased alpha1 receptor number; also, these peptides increased expression of the alpha1D receptor gene with no change in expression of the alpha1B receptor gene as detected by RNase protection assays. Using Western blotting, we found that these peptides increased expression of the alpha1D receptor subtype in these cells. Increased expression of the alpha1D receptor mRNA was inhibited by the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin but was not inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitor H7 or the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Preincubation of cells with insulin or IGF-I enhanced subsequent norepinephrine stimulation of mitogen activated kinase activity. These results suggest that insulin/IGF-I regulate expression of alpha1 receptors in VSMCs and potentially enhance the effects of catecholamines in settings of hyperinsulinemia.
Chemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Irwin J. Polk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

"The critical factor... is not to make it so complex that it cannot be routinely used by the oncologic community." Although this statement by the authors is intended to delimit a system of classifying cancer, their book appears to have been produced with this concept in mind. <i>Chemotherapy of Cancer</i>is a concise, authoritative review of the principles and practices of cancer chemotherapy. The introductory material lucidly explains the theoretical and practical considerations underlying any regimen for the management of the patient with cancer. Such basic concepts as tumor cell biology and pharmacokinetics are explained simply, leading to a discussion of factors affecting the choice of chemotherapy. In the next section, all of the widely used agents are described individually in outline form under headings such as "Synonyms," "Administration," "Dosage," "Mechanism of Action," "Cell-Cycle Specificity," "Pharmacokinetics," "Toxicity," and "Major Indications for Use." This is pertinent information for the practitioner who
Sports Injury Assessment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Letha Y. Griffin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>Sports Injury Assessment and Rehabilitation</i>by David Reid, BPT, MD, is a sizable but well-organized practical and informative text. The first of two sections is on basic principles of sports medicine: physiology of connective tissue, bone, and muscle; approaches to injury evaluation and management; and theory and applications of commonly used therapeutic modalities. The second section, which constitutes the bulk of the text, is a discussion of sport-specific injuries by anatomic part (foot, ankle, knee, chest, etc). The tables and illustrations throughout the text are appropriate and helpful in clarifying points described. An appendix provides information on traveling tips, health fitness testing, environmental concerns, and issues of drug testing in athletes, and the index is complete and useful. Throughout the volume, summaries of the evaluation and treatment of common sports injuries, clinical facts, and diagnostic points are highlighted in chart form as "Practical and Clinical Points" or "Quick Facts." These
Dobutamine restores the reduced efficiency of energy transfer from total mechanical work to external mechanical work in stunned porcine myocardium
Authors: R. Krams, D. J Duncker, E. O McFalls, A. Hogendoorn, P. D Verdouw
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

In order to determine whether the relatively high oxygen consumption of stunned myocardium is related to decreased mechanical efficiency, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and its major determinants were studied in 10 open chest anaesthetised pigs.According to the time varying elastance concept, MVO2 is determined by contractility (Emax) and total mechanical work (PLA), which is the sum of the external work (EW) and potential energy (PE). Mechanical efficiency (EW/MVO2) equals the product of EW/PLA (= efficiency of energy transfer or EET) and PLA/MVO2. Emax is the slope of the end systolic pressure-segment length relationship, determined by gradually clamping the aorta. PLA is the area enclosed by the end systolic pressure-segment length relationship and the pressure-segment length trajectory. EW is the area of the pressure-segment length loop. Systemic haemodynamics, regional segment shortening, and MVO2 were determined at baseline, during stunning (two sequences of 10 min occlusion and 30 min of reperfusion), after a subsequent 50 beats.min-1 increase in heart rate by atrial pacing and additional infusion of 2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 dobutamine.Stunning decreased segment shortening from 18.2(SEM 1.9)% to 10.2(1.5)%, MVO2 from 4.16(0.27) x 10(-2) to 2.84(0.25) x 10(-2) mumol.beat-1.g-1, and Emax from 47(9) to 23(3) mm Hg.mm-1 (all p < 0.05). PLA decreased by 13(4)%, as EW decreased by 42(6)%, and PE tended to increase. Although EET decreased from 0.58(0.04) to 0.40(0.03) (p < 0.05), there was no decrease in the mechanical efficiency, as an increase in PE caused an increase in PLA/MVO2 which compensated for the decrease in EET. Dobutamine infusion increased Emax and EW per beat to 120(23)% and 67(8)% of baseline, respectively, while MVO2 [4.12(0.53) mumol.beat-1.g-1] and EET [0.57(0.04)] returned to baseline.In stunned myocardium, mechanical efficiency is not decreased despite a decrease in EET. The increase in EET after dobutamine may explain the lack of the excessive increase in MVO2.
Culture of renal arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Mitogenic responses to angiotensin II.
Authors: R K Dubey, A Roy, H W Overbeck
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We cultured smooth muscle cells from rat renal preglomerular arterioles by injecting a suspension of iron oxide into the left ventricle, separating the arterioles magnetically, and growing cells from explants. In passaged cultures we ascertained vascular smooth muscle purity of &gt; 98% by morphology; contraction to norepinephrine and angiotensin; positive immunofluorescence staining through the sixth passage with monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle-specific alpha- and gamma-isoactins, myosin, and desmin; and the absence of von Willebrand factor. Angiotensin II (10(-12)-10(-5) M) induced dose-dependent DNA synthesis and proliferation of subcultured (three times) arteriolar smooth muscle cells from a growth-arrested state (p &lt; 0.01). Angiotensin II (10(-5) M) also induced the cells to express c-fos mRNA. We find no previous report of culture of smooth muscle cells from renal preglomerular arterioles. Our findings also provide evidence that angiotensin II is mitogenic to arteriolar muscle cells and thus may be involved in their hyperplasia accompanying hypertension.
Women in Academic Medicine — Progress and Challenges
Authors: Mary Beth Hamel, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Elizabeth Phimister, Caren G. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In 1960, only about 5 percent of medical students in the United States were women; today, the numbers of women and men in medical school are approximately equal. This apparent success story, however, is tempered by observations that women who enter academic medicine have been less likely than men to be promoted or to serve in leadership positions.1 As of 2005, only 15 percent of full professors and 11 percent of department chairs were women.2 In this issue of the Journal, Jagsi et al.3 document similar trends for women as authors of articles in prominent medical journals. They report that . . .
Persistent Ductus Arteriosus and Pregnancy
Authors: R. J. Kernohan
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Persistent Ductus Arteriosusjand PregnancyThe following case is reported because of the current interest in congenital heart disease and on account of the rarity of a second confinement in a woman with persistent ductus arteriosus.CASE REPORT A woman aged 31, who withstood one previous confine- ment surprisingly well, and who had given birth to a healthy full-term infant in June, 1948, after a normal labour lasting
Abstract C66: A novel technique to quantify condensation/decondensation status in the nuclear subdomains by QD-FRET
Authors: Sharif Mohammad Shaheen, Hidetaka Akita, Atsushi Yamashita, Ryo Katoono, Nobuhiko Yui, Vasudevanpillai Biju, Mitsuru Ishikawa, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Recent studies have reported that control of nuclear decondensation at specific nuclear subdomains (i.e. euchromatin) is highly desired for the efficient transfection efficiency. Here, we have established a novel technology for the imaging of nuclear condensation/decondensation status in the nuclear subdomains (i.e. heterochromatin and euchromatin) by based on the three key technologies. One is imaging of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots (QDs)-labeled plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a donor, and acceptor-labeled polycation, which can monitor a specific molecular interactions at the nanometre scale. The second technology is a multilayered lipid envelope-type nanoparticle, which we refer to as a Tetra-lamellar Multi-functional Envelope-type Nano Device (T-MEND). The critical structural elements of the T-MEND are a DNA—polycation condensed core coated with two nuclear membrane-fusogenic inner envelopes and two endosome-fusogenic outer envelopes, which are designed for nuclear delivery via a stepwise fusion. It is required to evaluate the nuclear dispositions in relation to the transgene expression, to avoid a situation that intracellular trafficking processes rate-limit transfection activity. The last one is confocal image-assisted 3-dimensionally integrated quantification (CIDIQ) method. In this method, fluorophore-labeled pDNA was transfected in HeLa cell line, and then intracellular distribution was distinguished by staining organelle. Z-series of confocal images were captured by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and thereafter, pDNA was quantified based on the pixel area of the signals derived from the fluorophore on pDNA in nuclear subdomains (heterochromatin and euchromatin). As a model of the analysis, QD-labeled DNA was condensed with reductive environment-dependently cleavable polyrotaxane (DMAE-ss-PRX), an artificial condenser, and encapsulated in T-MEND. As a result, transfection activity depends on the number of cationic DMAE of cyclodextrin (α-CD), in conjunction with a drastic change in decondensation efficiency in euchromatin region. These data collectively indicate that this imaging technology is highly advantageous to clarify the dynamics of plasmid DNA in post-nuclear delivery process of cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C66.
JASN Adds a Fast Track – Request for Submissions
Authors: William G. Couser
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

With the January 2005 issue, JASN will discontinue our relationship with our long-standing publisher Lippincott Williams and Wilkins and move to self-publication. This change will permit us to initiate several new features that will be described later and will debut in the January 2005 issue.
Plasma platelet activating factor degradation and serum lipids after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: C. J Stephens, R. M Graham, O. P Yadava, L. L L Leong, M. J Sturm, R. R Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent mediator in inflammatory responses and maybe involved in various disease states. Degradation of PAF in plasma results from the action of a specific, lipoprotein associated, acetylhydrolase. The aim was to determine plasma acetylhydrolase activity under optimised conditions, PAF half life, phospholipase A2 activity, the lyso-derivative of PAF (lyso-PAF), and lipids in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: The study variables were determined 3 d and 7 d following coronary artery surgery and compared to presurgical values in 15 males, age 55(SEM 4) years. Results: Three days following coronary bypass grafting, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol fell significantly by 30%, 45%, and 15% respectively (p<0.001), all decreases correlating with bypass time (p<0.025). Concentrations remained low at 7 d (p<0.005). Acetylhydrolase activity fell by 38% (p<0.001) at 3 d post-surgery and remained depressed, but plasma PAF half life did not change after surgery. The inverse relationship between acetylhydrolase activity and plasma PAF half life preoperatively (p<0.01) was not evident after surgery. There was a direct linear relationship between acetylhydrolase activity and both total (p<0.002) and LDL cholesterol (p<0.001) before surgery. The fall in acetylhydrolase activity correlated with the fall in these lipids (p<0.01) but not with that of HDL cholesterol. Plasma lyso-PAF decreased by 65% (p<0.001) at 3 d and remained depressed (p<0.001). Plasma phospholipase A2 activity increased by 60% (p<0.01) and remained raised (p<0.05), the increase at 3 d being related to bypass time (p<0.05). Conclusions: The large fall in plasma acetylhydrolase activity after coronary bypass grafting is consistent with the fall in plasma lipids. However, the absence of a significant change in the measured PAF half life in plasma raises questions as to the pathophysiological significance of the decrease in acetylhydrolase activity.
Identification of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and other molecules that distinguish inflammatory from resident dendritic cells in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Lisa C. Zaba, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Narat John Eungdamrong, Leanne M. Johnson-Huang, Kristine E. Nograles, Traci R. White, Katherine C. Pierson, Tim Lentini, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Michelle A. Lowes, James G. Krueger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)