tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Desloratadine activity in concurrent seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: C. E. Baena‐Cagnani
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and asthma, which are frequently comorbid, share some common allergic pathogenic bases. Clinical manifestations of these disorders might therefore be viewed as local manifestations of a systemic inflammatory state. Not only do the onsets of allergic‐rhinitis (AR) and asthma symptoms often coincide (within 1 year), but also nasal challenges with SAR allergens can induce airways hyperreactivity (AHR). Eosinophils, which are key effector cells in both SAR and asthma, cause AHR, tissue damage, and neuronal effects through secretion of toxic granule proteins, enzymes, and other mediators. The novel, nonsedating, histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonist, desloratadine, which exerts various favorable effects on the allergic cascade, significantly decreased SAR symptoms (e.g., nasal congestion) and diminished daily β 2 ‐agonist use and improved asthma symptoms, while maintaining pulmonary function, in patients with SAR‐asthma who were treated with once‐daily desloratadine regimens.
Subgrouping of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Pain, Fatigue, Inflammation, and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Yvonne C. Lee, Michelle L. Frits, Christine K. Iannaccone, Michael E. Weinblatt, Nancy A. Shadick, David A. Williams, Jing Cui
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pain may be attributed to peripheral inflammation or other causes, such as central pain mechanisms. The aim of this study was to use self‐report measures and physical examination findings to identify clusters of RA patients who may have different causes of pain as well as different prognoses and treatment options. Methods Data from 169 RA patients with pain scores of &gt;0 (on a 10‐point numeric rating scale) in the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study were analyzed. The patients completed questionnaires on pain, fatigue, and psychosocial factors. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedure with Ward's method was used to obtain subgroups. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the contribution of each variable in a cluster. General linear regression models were used to examine differences in clinical characteristics across subgroups. Discriminant analyses were performed to determine coefficients for linear combinations of variables that assigned cluster membership to individual cases. Results Three clusters best fit these data. Cluster 1 consisted of 89 individuals with low levels of inflammation, pain, fatigue, and psychosocial distress. Cluster 2 consisted of 57 individuals with minimal inflammation but high levels of pain, fatigue, and psychosocial distress. Cluster 3 consisted of 23 individuals with active inflammatory disease, manifested by high swollen joint counts, high C‐reactive protein levels, and high levels of pain and fatigue. Conclusion Although most patients had low levels of inflammation, pain, and fatigue, 47.3% continued to report having moderate to high levels of pain and fatigue. Most of these patients had minimal signs of inflammation but high levels of fatigue, pain catastrophizing, and sleep disturbance, indicative of a chronic widespread pain syndrome.
Das Inselsystem des Pankreas.
Authors: Geoffrey H. Bourne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

This book is a comprehensive account of the pancreatic islets.It deals with their develop- ment, their microscopical structure and their histo-and patho-physiology.There is a detailed section on modern staining methods for differentiating the a and f8 cells, and the author discusses the significance of the results obtained from their use.This is followed by sections on the development of the islet cells in man and on their histological characteristics.The author also discusses the histochemistry of the islets including distribution of vitamin C, alkaline phosphatase, neutral fat, lipoid, acetalphosphatide and fluorescent substances., There is also a section on experimental morphological studies of the islets in seven species of mammals and the final chapter deals with the changes in the islets in diabetes mellitus.There are 54 figures, most of them excellent photomicrographs and a literature list containing about 240 references.In general one can say that this book is an up-to-date, detailed and well-documented account of the islet cells.There is only one obvious serious fault, and that is the absence of an index.
Weight Loss, the Obesity Paradox, and the Risk of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Joshua F. Baker, Erica Billig, Kaleb Michaud, Said Ibrahim, Liron Caplan, Grant W. Cannon, Andrew Stokes, Vikas Majithia, Ted R. Mikuls
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

In contrast to what is observed in the general population, a low body mass index (BMI) has been associated with accelerated mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess whether weight loss might explain these seemingly paradoxical observations.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations
Authors: Dara G. Torgerson, Elizabeth J. Ampleford, Grace Y. Chiu, W. James Gauderman, Christopher R. Gignoux, Penelope E. Graves, Blanca E. Himes, Albert M. Levin, Rasika A. Mathias, Dana B. Hancock, James W. Baurley, Celeste Eng, Debra A. Stern, Juan C. Celedón, Nicholas Rafaels, Daniel Capurso, David V. Conti, Lindsey A. Roth, Manuel Soto-Quiros, Alkis Togias, Xingnan Li, Rachel A. Myers, Isabelle Romieu, David J. Van Den Berg, Donglei Hu, Nadia N. Hansel, Ryan D. Hernandez, Elliott Israel, Muhammad T. Salam, Joshua Galanter, Pedro C. Avila, Lydiana Avila, Jose R. Rodriquez-Santana, Rocio Chapela, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Gregory B. Diette, N. Franklin Adkinson, Rebekah A. Abel, Kevin D. Ross, Min Shi, Mezbah U. Faruque, Georgia M. Dunston, Harold R. Watson, Vito J. Mantese, Serpil C. Ezurum, Liming Liang, Ingo Ruczinski, Jean G. Ford, Scott Huntsman, Kian Fan Chung, Hita Vora, Xia Li, William J. Calhoun, Mario Castro, Juan J. Sienra-Monge, Blanca del Rio-Navarro, Klaus A. Deichmann, Andrea Heinzmann, Sally E. Wenzel, William W. Busse, James E. Gern, Robert F. Lemanske, Terri H. Beaty, Eugene R. Bleecker, Benjamin A. Raby, Deborah A. Meyers, Stephanie J. London, Frank D. Gilliland, Esteban G. Burchard, Fernando D. Martinez, Scott T. Weiss, L. Keoki Williams, Kathleen C. Barnes, Carole Ober, Dan L. Nicolae
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Addressing Consent Issues in Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death”
Authors: Kim J. Overby, Michael S. Weinstein, Autumn Fiester
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

We are very grateful for the diverse and thoughtful commentaries generated in response to our recent paper on ethical issues related to consent for organ donation after circulatory determination of...
Generalized crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy: molecular analysis of a disorder with rapid clinical course and review of the literature
Authors: Annette Lebeau, Evelyn Zeindl-Eberhart, Eva-Christina Müller, Josef Müller-Höcker, Peter Roman Jungblut, Bertold Emmerich, Udo Löhrs
Journal: Blood (2002)
Robotic Mitral Valve Repair for Simple and Complex Degenerative Disease
Authors: Rakesh M. Suri, Amit Taggarse, Harold M. Burkhart, Richard C. Daly, William Mauermann, Rick A. Nishimura, Zhuo Li, Joseph A. Dearani, Hector I. Michelena, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Severe primary (degenerative) mitral regurgitation (MR) is repaired with durable results when simple single-scallop disease is addressed. The midterm quality outcomes of minimally invasive repair for complex disease are unknown, however.From January 2008 to January 2015, 487 patients (56±11 years, 360 men, ejection fraction 65±6%, 98.8% complete follow-up) underwent robotic mitral valve repair for severe nonischemic degenerative MR. Simple pathology was addressed in 289 of 487 (59%) patients, and complex repair (all others) was performed in 198 of 487 (41%). Four patients died during follow-up with a 5-year survival rate 99.5% (99.4% simple; 99.5% complex; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-4.59); and New York Heart Association functional class I/II was documented in 97.9% (477/487). Eight patients had recurrence of moderate-to-severe MR (4 simple, 4 complex), with a 5-year freedom from MR of 94.6% (96.2% simple; 92.7%, complex; P=0.67; hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-5.43). Seven patients (2 simple, 5 complex), underwent mitral reoperation, with a 5-year freedom from reoperation of 97.7% (99.1% simple; 95.7% complex; P=0.13; hazard ratio, 3.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-17.32).At a large tertiary care referral center, midterm quality outcomes after robotic correction of degenerative MR are excellent, with very high survival, infrequent complications, and a low likelihood of MR recurrence, regardless of mitral valve repair complexity. Awareness of these improvements in outcome is important to inform contemporary decisions regarding high-quality alternatives to conventional and percutaneous mitral repair.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Systemic Amyloidosis and End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Michael J Browning, Richard A Banks, Peter Harrison, Colin R Tribe, Clare T Fraley, Gill Zachary, Campbell Mackenzie
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Three patients with end-stage renal failure complicating systemic amyloidosis have been treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for periods of 10, 14 and 18 months respectively. In each case satisfactory control of uraemia and fluid balance has been achieved.
Adverse life events and breast cancer
Authors: J. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (1996)

accident surveillance scheme.2Last year we re- viewed the data for 1991; we estimate that there were roughly 285 000 new attendances at accident and emergency departments for accidental injuries sustained during leisure activities and 82000 for sporting injuries in Scotland.These represented 24% and 7%, respectively, of all new attendances at accident and emergency departments.The annual direct patient costs associated with sporting injuries
Class-specific antibodies during follow up of patients with farmer's lung
Authors: T Ojanen, EO Terho, H Tukiainen, RA Mantyjarvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Sequential serum samples of 13 patients with acute farmer's lung (FL) taken during a follow-up of 18-36 months, were tested for antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM and IgE classes against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Micropolyspora faeni, and compared with contemporary lung function parameters. In the acute phase, antibodies of several Ig classes were present, those of IgG and IgA being most common. At the end of the follow-up, the mean values of all antibody titres were lower than in the acute phase, and antibodies were now mostly of one or two Ig classes only. The reduction in antibody levels was most often detectable in IgG and IgA antibodies against T. vulgaris. Antibody titres correlated inversely with tested lung function parameters, especially IgA antibodies with pulmonary diffusing capacity. Our results show that a follow-up of levels of class-specific antibodies, especially of IgG and IgA gives valuable information on causative microbes and on temporal changes of the exposure.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of the Combination of Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Topotecan Administered Intravenously Every 21 Days as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Virginie M.M. Herben, Vinodh R. Nannan Panday, Dick J. Richel, Jan H.M. Schellens, Nine van der Vange, Hilde Rosing, Fred D. Beusenberg, Solange Hearn, Edward Doyle, Jos H. Beijnen, Wim W. ten Bokkel Huinink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of administering topotecan in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin without and with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support as first-line chemotherapy in women with incompletely resected stage III and stage IV ovarian carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Starting doses were paclitaxel 110 mg/m 2 administered over 24 hours (day 1), followed by cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 over 3 hours (day 2) and topotecan 0.3 mg/m 2 /d over 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days (days 2 to 6). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. After encountering dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) without G-CSF support, the maximum-tolerated dose was defined as 5 μg/kg of G-CSF subcutaneously starting on day 6. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients received a total of 116 courses at four different dose levels. The DLT was neutropenia. At the first dose level, all six patients experienced grade 4 myelosuppression. G-CSF support permitted further dose escalation of cisplatin and topotecan. Nonhematologic toxicities, primarily fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and neurosensory neuropathy, were observed but were generally mild. Of 15 patients assessable for response, nine had a complete response, four achieved a partial response, and two had stable disease. CONCLUSION: Neutropenia was the DLT of this combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and topotecan. The recommended phase II dose is paclitaxel 110 mg/m 2 (day 1), followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 (day 2) and topotecan 0.3 mg/m 2 /d (days 2 to 6) with G-CSF support repeated every 3 weeks.
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Bleeding risks of antithrombotic therapy
Authors: D. A Fitzmaurice
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Many of the common cardiovascular disorders (especially in elderly people) are linked to thrombosis—such as ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, valve disease, hypertension, and atherosclerotic vascular disease—requiring the use of antithrombotic therapy. This raises questions regarding the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy in older people, especially because strategies such as anticoagulation with warfarin need regular monitoring of the international normalised ratio (INR), a measure of the induced haemorrhagic tendency, and carry a risk of bleeding. The presence of concomitant physical and medical problems increases the interactions and risks associated with warfarin, and anticoagulation in elderly patients often needs an assessment of the overall risk:benefit ratio.

#### Questions to ask when considering oral anticoagulation

   ![][1] 

ISI=international sensitivity ratio. The mean normal prothrombin time is often generated from samples from local healthy subjects or a commercially available standard. The exact value of the ISI depends on the thromboplastin used in the prothrombin time method

Physical frailty in elderly people may reduce access to anticoagulant clinics for INR monitoring. The decline in cognitive function in some elderly patients also may reduce compliance with anticoagulation and the appreciation of bleeding risks and drug interactions. However, in recent studies of anticoagulation in elderly people, no significant associations of anticoagulant control were found with age, sex, social circumstances, mobility, domicillary supervision of medication, or indications for anticoagulation.

Bleeding is the most serious and common complication of warfarin treatment. For any given patient, the potential benefit from prevention of …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on hippocampus in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Xuefeng Ling, Yong Lin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To employ in vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigate the hippocampal metabolism of rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and to assess if there is a relationship between brain metabolism and chronic brain injury in COPD.   Methods:  Rats COPD model (model group, n=6) were established by passive smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were compared with controls (n = 6), and all subjects underwent brain micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI) and bilateral hippocampal proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMRS) in vivo at 7.0 T. A neurochemical profile consisting of metabolite concentrations,  N -acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatie (Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr metabolite ratios in the hippocampus were evaluated and analyzed.   Results:  1. Rats COPD model were successfully established by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of LPS. 2. Compared with the normal group, The mean value of Cho/Cr is significantly altered in the bilateral hippocampal of COPD rat model (p 0.05).   Conclusion:  Our results demonstrate that the metabolism is significantly altered in rats COPD model bilateral hippocampal, it is possibly one of pathophysiologies for the COPD complicated with chronic brain damage.
Health-related quality of life in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis children
Authors: Ameer Hamzah, Yasemin Gokdemir, Cagatay Cimsit, Refika Ersu, Fazilet Karakoc, Bulent Karadag
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  Bronchiectasis is still an important problem in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life and associated factors in children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.   Method:  Children with non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis followed at Marmara University Paediatric Pulmonology Clinic were included to the study. Age of symptom onset, age of diagnosis, frequency of presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, pulmonary function tests, and affected lobes in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were evaluated; in addition, HRCT was scored according to modified Bhalla score system to obtain a bronchiectasis distribution severity score. St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 were completed by patients and parents.   Results:  The median age of the patients (48.9% male) was 12.1 years (25%-75% 10.2-14.1years). The median age at diagnosis was 7 years (25%-75% 5-10years) and follow up period was 4 years (25%-75% 2-5 years). The patients9 HRCT score did not correlate with the SGRQ score and FEV1 (p>0.05). However, a significant correlation was found between the SGRQ scores and FEV1 (p 0.05).   Conclusion:  Patients with worse pulmonary functions have lower quality of life scores. Early diagnosis and treatment may increase the quality of life and survival of patients with bronchiectasis, which has irreversible and progressive complications if untreated.
Plume characteristics of fluticasone propionate/formoterol pMDI compared with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol pMDI
Authors: Baljinder Johal, Seamus Murphy, Jonathan Marshall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background 

It has been suggested that aerosol inhaler characteristics such as fine particle size distribution, low plume velocity, and long duration of the aerosol cloud may assist coordination of inhalation with actuation, improve lung deposition, and reduce oropharyngeal deposition. This study compared 2 ICS/LABA combination HFA pMDI inhalers: fluticasone propionate/formoterol 125/5μg (FLUT/FORM; flutiform® ) and fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 125/50μg (FLUT/SAL; Seretide ® Evohaler® ).

Methods 

Inhalers were operated according to their respective patient information leaflets, and were fired into still air. Plume data were recorded using an Oxford Lasers EnVision Pharma system with high speed CMOS camera and short-pulse laser light source. VidPIV 4.6 & EnVision 1.1.5 software was used to analyse the data and assess velocity and other characteristics of the plume at set intervals from the actuator (up to 9.5 cm which is representative of the distance from mouth to throat).

Results 

FLUT/FORM pMDI had slower maximum velocity of plume than did FLUT/SAL at the distances measured (table). Furthermore, the duration of plume lasted approximately 50% longer over the distance measured with FLUT/FORM than with FLUT/SAL.

Conclusion 

FLUT/FORM has a slower and more prolonged plume compared with FLUT/SAL. This may help synchronise aerosol availability and inhalation and may lead to less oropharyngeal deposition and better lung deposition.

View this table:
An Update on the Role of Interim Restaging FDG-PET in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Andrew Zelenetz, Heiko Schoder
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

A significant amount of literature is available on treatment monitoring and response assessment in lymphoma using FDG-PET, yet confusion exists concerning the potential and limitations of FDG-PET for determining the presence of residual disease during chemotherapy (interim FDG-PET). This article reviews the role of interim FDG-PET in 3 important scenarios: untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, untreated Hodgkin lymphoma, and relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma in transplant-eligible patients, and provides recommendations on the use of this imaging modality in these settings.
Improved Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in SPECT/CT Images Acquired Using a Low- to Medium-Energy General-Purpose Collimator
Authors: Hiroto Yoneyama, Hiroyuki Tsushima, Masato Kobayashi, Masahisa Onoguchi, Kenichi Nakajima, Seigo Kinuya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The use of the low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator for lymphoscintigraphy causes the appearance of star-shaped artifacts at injection sites. The aim of this study was to confirm whether the lower resolution of the low- to medium-energy general-purpose (LMEGP) collimator is compensated by decrease in the degree of septal penetration and the reduction in star-shaped artifacts.A total of 106 female patients with breast cancer, diagnosed by biopsy, were enrolled in this study. Tc phytate (37 MBq, 1 mCi) was injected around the tumor, and planar and SPECT/CT images were obtained after 3 to 4 hours. When sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) could not be identified from planar and SPECT/CT images by using the LEHR collimator, we repeated the study with the LMEGP collimator.Planar imaging performed using the LEHR and LEHR + LMEGP collimators positively identified SLNs in 96.2% (102/106) and 99.1% (105/106) of the patients, respectively. Using combination of planar and SPECT/CT imaging with the LEHR and LEHR + LMEGP collimators, SLNs were positively identified in 97.2% (103/106) and 100% (106/106) of the patients, respectively.The LMEGP collimator provided better results than the LEHR collimator because of the lower degree of septal penetration. The use of the LMEGP collimator improved SLN detection.