tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14649: Assessment of Acute Cryo and RF Ablation Lesions by Non-contrast and Contrast Enhanced MRI Techniques: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Eugene Kholmovski, Ravi Ranjan, Joshua Silvernagel, Joshua Blauer, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  MRI is used to assess acute RF lesions. Cryo-ablation is being increasingly used for EP procedures. No previous studies were performed to assess acute cardiac cryo ablations by MRI. In this study, we have compared visibility of acute cryo and RF lesions using non-contrast and contrast enhanced MRI techniques.   Methods:  Cryo and RF ablations of left and right ventricles were performed in 4 canines. Cryo lesions were created using cryo-catheter (Freezor MAX, Medtronic) with freeze times of 2 and 4 minutes. RF lesions were created by ThermoCool catheter (Biosense Webster) at 30 Watts for 30 seconds. Animals were then moved to a 3 Tesla MRI scanner (Verio, Siemens). Imaging included T1-weighted (T1w) and T2w scans, followed by injection of gadolinium-based contrast (0.15 mmol/kg, Multihance (Bracco)) and post-contrast T1w and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) scans.   Results:  Representative T1w, T2w, and post-contrast T1w and LGE images of acute cryo and RF lesions are shown in Fig. 1. All RF lesions were readily detectable on non-contrast T1w images. No cryo lesions were found on non-contrast T1w images (Fig. 1a). Degree and extent of post-ablation edema assessed by T2w images was noticeably different for cryo and RF ablations (Fig. 1b). Edema was very apparent and extended widely beyond lesion core for RF ablations while it was less obvious and mainly restricted to lesion core for cryo ablations. Visibility of cryo and RF lesions was similar in post-contrast T1w and LGE images (Fig. 1c, 1d).   Conclusions:  Post-contrast T1w and LGE MRI demonstrated that acute cryo and RF lesions have similar contrast kinetics: significantly slower wash-in and wash-out than that of healthy tissues. Non-contrast T1w MRI is useful for detection of acute RF ablations. However, this technique is not applicable for cryo ablations. Edema caused by cryo and RF ablations can be visualized by T2w MRI. RF ablations result in more apparent and extended edema than edema caused by cryo ablations.
360. Long-Term Gene Transfer and Expression in Xenografted Human Glioblastoma by Non-Viral Gene Transfer with the Sleeping Beauty Transposon
Authors: John R. Ohlfest, Scott Perkinson, Paul Lobitz, Diane Hasz, David A. Largaespada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene therapy has the potential to become an effective component of cancer treatment by transferring genes that cause immunomodulation, tumor cell death, or inhibition of angiogenesis, into tumor cells, tumor-associated stroma, or organs prone to metastatic attack. Viral vectors have been the primary gene transfer vehicles used for intratumoral gene transfer to date. Plasmid-based vectors may be safer and more scalable than viral vectors. However, attempts at plasmid-based intratumoral gene transfer have been with transient expression and poor gene transfer efficiency. We will report integration and long-term expression of reporter genes into human glial tumors, growing in nude mice, using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. A two-plasmid system was used, in which linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) was complexed with a GFP, NEO, or luciferase transposon plasmid and a SB transposase-expressing plasmid. SB-mediated transposition led to chromosomal integration of the NEO transgene in roughly 8% of tumor cells. SB-mediated insertions were cloned from the genomes of glial tumor cells to provide molecular proof of transposase-mediated integration. In vivo luciferase expression studies showed that SB facilitated long-term expression of the transgene in glial tumors. SB-mediated intratumoral gene transfer is a novel, non-viral technique that could be used to augment conventional therapy for glioblastoma or other cancers.
Abstract 15016: Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction Revealed by Circumferential 2D Strain Imaging in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with ECG Fragmented QRS Complex
Authors: Guohui Yan, Mei Wang, Guang Zhi, Kai-Hang Yiu, Chu-Pak Lau, Stephen Wl Lee, Chung-Wah Siu, Hung-Fat Tse
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Biochemical markers, liver biopsy, or magnetic resonance elastography to detect or exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Huseyin Kayadibi, Erdim Sertoglu, Metin Uyanik
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

We have read with great interest the recently published article by Loomba et al., in which the researchers aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional magnetic resonance elastography (2D-MRE) in predicting advanced fibrosis (stage 3 or 4) in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).1 In conclusion, 2D-MRE was found to be accurate in predicting advanced fibrosis and may be utilized for noninvasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. However, we would like to share our thoughts and contributions about the original study. First, lipid parameters, including triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have been measured after the fasting state of a minimum of 4 hours in the original study. As is known, especially for TGs, an optimum fasting state of 12 hours is very important to get the reliable results. Second, in the original study, it was stated that none of the biomarkers were ready for routine clinical use owing to high misclassification rates. However, OELF panel (which contains age, hyaluronic acid, amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1) has 89% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, and 98% negative predictive value with a 0.375 cut-off value to determine advanced fibrosis in these patients.2 Therefore, we do not agree with the researchers. Additionally, there are studies claiming that NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and BARD score have similar diagnostic performance to exclude and predict advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.3 Third, in the original study, 12 of 117 patients were misclassified. In our opinion, the discrepancy about misclassification was not derived from 2D-MRE. Despite that liver biopsy (LB) is considered as an imperfect gold-standard diagnostic tool, especially for assessment of intermediate fibrosis stages (F1 and F2), it has 25% false-positive and -negative results for these stages. Thus, misclassification of F2 stage as an F3 and opposite may happen. Therefore, other diagnostic tools, such as imaging and biochemical measurements, are necessary to get reliable results.4 In addition, to overcome this discrepancy, spectrum bias should also be taken with care. In conclusion, owing to cost-effectiveness and accuracy, use of biochemical indices, such as NFS and OELF, instead of both 2D-MRE and LB, may be more useful to predict or exclude advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Huseyin Kayadibi, M.D.1 Erdim Sertoglu, M.D.2 Metin Uyanik, M.D.3 1Biochemistry Laboratory Adana Military Hospital Adana, Turkey 2Anittepe Dispensary Biochemistry Laboratory Ankara Mevki Military Hospital Ankara, Turkey 3Biochemistry Laboratory Corlu Military Hospital Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract 837: The unique profile of microtubule stability initiated by the taccalonolides leads to potent antitumor activities
Authors: April L. Risinger, Jing Li, Jiangnan Peng, Melissa J. Bennett, Cristina C. Rohena, David C. Schriemer, Susan L. Mooberry
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The taccalonolides are structurally distinct microtubule stabilizers purified from the roots and rhizomes of plants of the genus Tacca. The taccalonolides impart a unique mechanism of microtubule stabilization through covalent attachment to the 212-230 peptide of β-tubulin. The profound interprotofilament stability conferred by taccalonolide binding, as demonstrated by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, occurs independent of changes in the H7 or M-loops, which makes their effects different from other classes of microtubule stabilizers. This remarkable stability results in the formation of microtubules that are highly resistant to cold induced depolymerization or mechanical disruption. The covalent attachment of the taccalonolides to microtubules is proposed to be directly responsible for their strong cellular persistence and ability to circumvent multiple mechanisms of clinically relevant drug resistance, including expression of P-glycoprotein. We have isolated and characterized 66 new taccalonolides that range in potency from 0.37 nM to over 50 µM, allowing for detailed structure activity relationship studies. These studies demonstrate that epoxidation of the C22,23 double bond present in most naturally occurring taccalonolides is optimal for potency. A simple, one step oxidation reaction has been employed and increases the potency of 17 natural taccalonolides by as much as 700-fold. The new, potent taccalonolides show excellent antitumor activity against the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer xenograft model at cumulative doses as low as 0. 5 mg/kg. This exquisite in vivo potency facilitates antitumor evaluations from small quantities of material and allows administration in aqueous vehicles. Studies to further map the optimal interactions of the taccalonolide backbone with microtubules and identify a candidate for clinical development are in progress. Citation Format: April L. Risinger, Jing Li, Jiangnan Peng, Melissa J. Bennett, Cristina C. Rohena, David C. Schriemer, Susan L. Mooberry. The unique profile of microtubule stability initiated by the taccalonolides leads to potent antitumor activities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 837. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-837
Circulating Immune Complexes in Lyme Arthritis
Authors: John A. Hardin, Lesley C. Walker, Allen C. Steere, Thomas C. Trumble, Kenneth S. K. Tung, Ralph C. Williams, Shaun Ruddy, Stephen E. Malawista
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have found immunoglobulin (Ig) G-containing material consistent with immune complexes in the sera of patients with Lyme arthritis. It was detected in 29 of 55 sera (55%) from 31 patients by at least one of three assays: (125)I-C1q binding, C1q solid phase, or Raji cell. The presence of reactive material correlated with clinical aspects of disease activity; it was found early in the illness, was most prominent in sera from the sickest patients, was infrequent during remissions, and often fluctuated in parallel with changes in clinical status. The results in the two C1q assays showed a strong positive correlation (P<0.001). They were each elevated in 45% of the sera and were usually concordant (85%). In contrast, the Raji cell assay was less frequently positive and often discordant with the C1q assays. In sucrose density gradients, putative circulating immune complexes sedimented near 19S; they, too, were detected best by the two assays based on C1q binding. An additional 7S component was found in some sera by the (125)I-C1q binding assay. Serum complement was often above the range of normal in patients with mild disease and normal in patients with severe disease but did not correlate significantly with levels of circulating immune complexes. IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors were not detectable. These findings support a role for immune complexes in the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis. Their measurement, by either the (125)I-C1q binding assay or by the C1q solid phase assay, often provides a sensitive index of disease activity. Moreover, the complexes are likely sources of disease-related antigens for further study of this new disorder.
Edible Rice Vaccine
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 388: Epigenome-wide profiling identified significant differences in DNA methylation between African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer
Authors: Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Songping Wang, Joseph Devaney
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic mark that is essential for mammalian organismal development. For human prostate cancer (PCa), abundant evidence has accumulated to suggest that somatic epigenetic alterations may appear early during cancer development, as well as more commonly and consistently, than genetic changes. Several cancer-associated genes have been reported to show significant differences in DNA methylation pattern in prostate tissues from African-American (AA) and European-American men, but the genome-wide pattern and extent of these differences are largely unknown. The current study investigated genome-wide DNA methylation differences in AA and EA prostate tissue samples with the aim of assessing the variation of genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation. Methods: To comprehensively examine the DNA methylation pattern in AA and EA samples, we used illumina 450 K methylation platform (Infunium Chip) to conduct genome-wide large scale analysis of DNA methylation changes in 7 normal and 3 PCa tissue samples from AA versus 8 normal and 3 PCa tissue samples from EA. This chip interrogates &amp;gt;485,000 CpG methylation sites per sample at single-nucleotide resolution and assigns each site an average beta value for quantitative methylation level. Results: Pathway analysis of the genes with altered methylation patterns identified top canonical pathways for the involvement of cancer related network for genes involved in axonal guidance, antigen presentation, androgen signaling and protein ubiquitination pathways in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal prostate tissues obtained from AA men. On the other hand, the top canonical pathways identified in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal prostate tissues obtained from EA men are genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, p53 signaling, nucleotide sugars metabolism and germ cell-sertoli cell junction signaling pathways. Conclusion: Using this quantitative sequencing-based approach, our work uncovers significant global DNA methylation alterations in AA versus EA prostate tissues and provides a mechanistic explanation for the disease disparity. Citation Format: Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Songping Wang, Joseph Devaney. Epigenome-wide profiling identified significant differences in DNA methylation between African-American and European-American men with prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-388
Cost-effectiveness of Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C InfectionCost-effectiveness of Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: David Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of the health status of 2499 dermatological outpatients using the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire
Authors: S. Tabolli, A. Spagnoli, C. di Pietro, C. Pagliarello, A. Paradisi, F. Sampogna, D. Abeni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

In dermatological research and clinical practice it is important to evaluate the burden of the disease.To assess whether the 12-item Short Form of the Medical Outcomes Study (SF-12) could yield a valid description of the health status of a large number of dermatological outpatients.The SF-12 and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were utilized. Questionnaires were self-completed by the outpatients in the waiting rooms. At the end of the visit the dermatologists recorded the diagnosis and the evaluation of the clinical severity.Data were complete for 2499 patients. We observed a reduction in the Physical Component Summary score (PCS-12) with increasing age, while the Mental Component Summary score (MCS-12) was stable. PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were worse in women. Twenty-three per cent of patients were identified as GHQ-12 positive. GHQ-12-positive patients ('cases') had lower PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores compared with GHQ-12-negative patients (mean ± SD, PCS-12: 47·9 ± 10·8 vs. 52·2 ± 6·6; MCS-12: 35·2 ± 10·2 vs. 50·9 ± 78·3, respectively). High correlations between the MCS-12 score and the GHQ-12 were documented overall (-0·690, P < 0·001) and for single skin diseases.The impact of dermatological diseases is high for the mental components of health status; the mean scores for MCS-12 were low, and lower in patients identified as GHQ-12 'cases'. The picture of the general health status of patients with skin diseases given by the SF-12 allows meaningful comparisons both within dermatological conditions and with diseases in other specialties, as well as within categories of clinical severity and psychological well-being in single skin conditions.
Triptolide (PG490)-mediated sensitization of urothelial cancer cells To Cisplatin-induced apoptosis
Authors: Yoshiyuki Matsui, Hiroaki Kawanishi, Jun Watanabe, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Osamu Ogawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3223 

Introduction 

To improve conventional chemotherapeutic efficacy, interest in exploiting and combining traditional medicines is increasing. In this study, we report that triptolide (PG490), a diterpene triepoxide extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii and used in traditional Chinese medicine, sensitizes urothelial cancer but not normal human urothelial cells to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP) -induced apoptosis.

Material and methods 

We screened several bladder cancer cell lines for the synergic effect of triptolide with cisplatin by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. Then, in bladder cancer cell lines which showed synergic effect, the molecular mechanisms of the change of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by triptolide were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. To evaluate the possibility of clinical use, primary cultures of normal human urothelial cells were used for examining adverse effect of triptolide to normal tissue in vitro, and monitoring of mouse xenograft model with subcutaneous injection of RT112-luc (RT112 stable transfectants with luciferase gene) by in vivo imaging system (IVIS) were used in vivo.

Results 

Triptolide enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines with wild type of p53 (RT112, RT4), but not in other cell lines with mutant-type of p53 (TCCsup, J82 and EJ) or in RT112 stable-transfectants with a dominant-negative mutant of p53. In RT112, combination use of triptolide with cisplatin suppressed transcriptional function of p53. Simultaneously JNK phosphorylation was occurred and Bax translocated to mitochondria leading to cytochrome c release to cytosol. As the synergic effect was suppressed by SP600125, JNK inhibitor, or p21siRNA transfection to RT112, JNK phosphorylation induced by the suppression of p21waf1 was the main apoptotic pathway in this setting. We speculated that interaction between p53 and GSK3β may be responsible for the mechanism of triptolide to modify p53 transcriptional activity. The enhancement of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by triptolide was less in normal urothelial cells which was established by primary culture than in RT112, although both expressed wild type p53 , and mouse xenograft model showed the effectiveness of the combination use of triptolide and cisplatin without any side effect. 

Conclusions These results suggested that triptolide (PG490) could enhance cytotoxicity of cisplatin through the activation of p53-induced apoptotic pathways, and had the possibility of clinical usefulness in combination with chemotherapy for urothelial cancer.