tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physiological early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradient is lost during acute myocardial ischemia.
Authors: M Courtois, S J Kovács, P A Ludbrook
Journal: Circulation (1990)

A consistent pattern of intraventricular regional pressure gradients exists under physiological conditions during the rapid filling phase of diastole in the normal dog left ventricle. We hypothesized that this pressure gradient pattern is caused, in part, by early diastolic recoil of the left ventricular walls in conjunction with release of elastic potential energy stored during systole, generating suction and thus contributing to diastolic filling. If so, any condition that interferes with normal regional systolic function might be expected to modify the pattern of the normal early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine whether acutely induced regional systolic left ventricular mechanical dysfunction is accompanied by changes in the pattern of the early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in nine anesthetized closed-chest dogs. The maximum early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradient (MIVP) was measured between the mid-left ventricle and apex with a dual-sensor micromanometer (3-cm spacing between the sensors) before and 20 minutes after LAD occlusion. Ejection fraction (EF) and number of dyskinetic chords (DChords) were measured from left ventricular contrast ventriculograms. Twenty minutes after LAD occlusion, the nine dogs evidenced significant changes in EF (56 +/- 10% to 37 +/- 8%), DChords (0 +/- 0 to 17 +/- 16 chords), left ventricular minimum pressure (-1.7 +/- 0.5 to 0.0 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (4.2 +/- 1.2 to 5.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg), and heart rate (90 +/- 17 to 103 +/- 18 beats/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reorganization: The first year. II. Practice. View from the Districts.
Authors: J Lewis, S Weiner
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This report stems from some preliminary explorations we have made into the changes in the National Health Service after reorganization.We have discussed these with members of district management teams in five districts spread across the country and with some of the equivalent area and regional personnel.The districts were chosen to cover a wide range of circumstances (single and multidistrict, urban and rural, rich and poor, teaching and non-teaching), though we could not do more than skim the surface of what is happening.The first year of reorganization has been a special one in any case, not just because of reorganization, but because the rate of inflation and industrial unrest have affected the Service.Even so, general patterns have emerged and it is these which we wish to discuss, though obviously our statements do not apply to all individuals or all places and there will be many variations throughout the country.Thus we have made bold generalizations rather than hedging our discussion with "in some cases" or "it seems that." Boundary QuestionsThe boundaries of the three tiers were chosen to meet different criteria.The regions and districts are based on the Health Service and hospital while the areas coincide with local authority boundaries.This lack of a compatible progression makes
Triplet Repeat Mutations: Amplification Within Pedigrees Generates Three Human Diseases
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AN UNSTABLE DNA sequence, made up of three contiguously repeating nucleotides, has been pinpointed recently as the genetic cause of fragile X syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and Kennedy disease. This novel mutation provides a specific molecular mechanism behind the phenomenon of anticipation— the clinical observation that some genetic diseases manifest at either an earlier age or more severely in successive generations. (Please refer to accompanying article.) The consequences of this unstable sequence vary widely, depending on the gene in which it occurs and its location within the gene. So too does the number of repeats that lead to normal, mildly, and severely affected outcomes. The following summarizes more than a dozen presentations on this topic at the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics. <h3>Kennedy Disease</h3> In early 1991, researchers identified an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence in the androgen receptor gene of patients with X-linked
Restriction Isotyping of Apoprotein E
Authors: Michael N. Sack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 November 1994Restriction Isotyping of Apoprotein EMichael N. Sack and Jeffrey M. HoegMichael N. SackGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this author and Jeffrey M. HoegGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We address an issue raised by Walden and Hegele [1] on the specificity of the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol-to-triglyceride ratio as a characteristic of type III hyperlipidemia (a ratio > 0.30 is considered characteristic [2]). Currently, dietary modification and lipid-lowering drugs are often used before underlying genetic defects in hyperlipidemic patients are evaluated. We assessed the VLDL-to-triglyceride ratio with and without lipid-lowering therapy to determine whether this ratio remains a reliable persistent marker of the underlying genetic defect. We reviewed charts of patients with the E2/E2 isoform and characteristics of type III hyperlipidemia who were studied by ...References1. Walden CC, Hegele RA. Apolipoprotein E in hyperlipidemia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1026-36. Google Scholar2. Fredrickson DS, Morganroth J, Levy RI. Type III hyperlipoproteinemia: an analysis of two contemporary definitions. Ann Intern Med. 1975; 82:150-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBibliography NIA/AlzA Conference on Apolipoprotein E Genotyping in Alzheimer's Disease 15 November 1994Volume 121, Issue 10Page: 816KeywordsAttentionCholesterolHyperlipidemiaLipid profilesLipidsLipoproteinsLungsPatientsSpecificityVery low density lipoprotein Issue Published: 15 November 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Goodpasture's Syndrome: Diagnosis by Transbronchial Lung Biopsy
Authors: RAJA T. ABBOUD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A 28-year-old man developed recurrent hemoptyses, breathlessness, anemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates after mild smoke inhalation. He had no laboratory evidence of kidney involvement. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed erythrocytes, iron-containing macrophages within alveolar spaces, normal basement membranes, and strongly positive linear staining of alveolar septa for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum antiglomerular basement-membrane antibody was strongly positive by radioimmunoassay. Kidney biopsy showed normal findings by light and electron microscopy but strongly positive linear staining of glomerular capillaries for IgG. Follow-up 9 months later while the patient was taking prednisone revealed no clinical evidence of pulmonary or renal disease. This case shows that immunopathologic study of transbronchial lung biopsies is helpful in differentiating between Goodpasture's syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, while the absence of clinical and microscopic evidence of kidney disease does not exclude Goodpasture's syndrome.
Factor XII autoantibodies as a novel marker for thrombosis and adverse obstetric history in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: M. Laura Bertolaccini, K. Mepani, G. Sanna, G. R V Hughes, M. A Khamashta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To investigate the clinical significance of anti-factor XII (FXII) in a large cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).This study comprised 127 patients with SLE. IgG and IgM anti-FXII were tested by an in-house ELISA. 123 healthy donors comprised the control group.51 (40%) patients with SLE and 9 (7%) healthy controls were positive for anti-FXII. IgG and IgM anti-FXII were frequently found in patients with thrombosis (28% and 13%, respectively). Levels of IgG and IgM anti-FXII were higher in patients with thrombosis than in the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Anti-FXII was more frequent in patients with arterial thrombosis (31% vs 4% for IgG and 14% vs 3% for IgM, respectively) and venous thrombosis than in controls (37% vs 4% for IgG). IgG anti-FXII were more frequent in patients with miscarriages and fetal death (35% and 40% vs 4% for IgM). The prevalence of IgM anti-FXII was not different between groups.Anti-FXII are frequent in patients with SLE. Their presence is associated with thrombosis and adverse obstetric history, making these antibodies a novel marker for the antiphospholipid syndrome.
Improved Glycemic Control With No Weight Increase in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Once-Daily Treatment With the Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analog Liraglutide (NN2211)
Authors: Sten Madsbad, Ole Schmitz, Jonas Ranstam, Grethe Jakobsen, David R. Matthews
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 analog designed for once daily injection. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of liraglutide after 12 weeks of treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label comparator arm was conducted among 193 outpatients with type 2 diabetes. The mean age was 56.6 years and the mean HbA1c was 7.6% across the treatment groups. Patients were randomly assigned to one of five fixed-dosage groups of liraglutide (0.045, 0.225, 0.45, 0.60, or 0.75 mg), placebo, or open-label sulfonylurea (glimepiride, 1–4 mg). The primary end point was HbA1c after 12 weeks; secondary end points were fasting serum glucose, fasting C-peptide, fasting glucagon, fasting insulin, β-cell function, body weight, adverse events, and hypoglycemic episodes. RESULTS—A total of 190 patients were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. HbA1c decreased in all but the lowest liraglutide dosage group. In the 0.75-mg liraglutide group, HbA1c decreased by 0.75 percentage points (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and fasting glucose decreased by 1.8 mmol/l (P = 0.0003) compared with placebo. Improvement in glycemic control was evident after 1 week. Body weight decreased by 1.2 kg in the 0.45-mg liraglutide group (P = 0.0184) compared with placebo. The proinsulin-to-insulin ratio decreased in the 0.75-mg liraglutide group (−0.18; P = 0.0244) compared with placebo. Patients treated with glimepiride had decreased HbA1c and fasting glucose, but slightly increased body weight. No safety issues were raised for liraglutide; observed adverse events were mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS—A once-daily dose of liraglutide provides efficacious glycemic control and is not associated with weight gain. Adverse events with the drug are mild and transient, and the risk of hypoglycemia is negligible.
Multimodality Therapy for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel Farray, Nena Mirkovic, Kathy S. Albain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The treatment of stage III non–small-cell lung cancer has evolved over the last two decades, with combined-modality therapy the current standard of care. As a result, intermediate and long-term survival has improved for patients in this common stage category, compared to the poor outcomes achieved with the historical standard of once-daily radiation therapy alone. This review summarizes two decades of clinical research regarding bimodality and trimodality approaches for the heterogenous stage subsets within the stage III designation, discusses the rationale and status of prophylactic brain irradiation, and concludes with perspectives on progress and future directions. Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy given concurrently is the optimal treatment for the group of patients with advanced stage III disease. The potential role of a surgical resection following chemotherapy (with or without radiation) in this setting is still controversial. The only subsets for which trimodality treatments are clearly preferred include T4N0-1 disease and superior sulcus tumors. The other major stage III subgroup has a minimal disease burden with low tumor volume and/or microscopic N2 disease, thus technically could undergo a surgical resection upfront. Induction chemotherapy before surgery may yield a survival advantage, although the phase III trials in this area are not conclusive. Given the marked survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery in even earlier stages of non–small-cell lung cancer, the proper sequence of surgery and chemotherapy (before v after surgery) remains an important unresolved question in this subgroup. Furthermore, how to incorporate radiation therapy, as well as whether it should be given at all in this subset of patients, are other important issues actively under study in ongoing trials.
Bryan Eykyn Lomb Thompson
Authors: H. Shamlaye, R. Thompson, K. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Bryan Eykyn Lomb Thompson and his wife, Helen Macfarlane Thompson (nee Mair) ( BMJ 2008;337:a913, doi:10.1136/bmj.a193), worked in St Luke’s Hospital, North India, for 35 years from 1955. He practised adult and paediatric medicine, surgery, orthopaedics, ophthalmology, and occasionally obstetrics. He …
10 000 march in jobs protest
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The police say that at least 10 000 protestors marched through the streets of London on Saturday, and a further 500 in Glasgow, in protest at the government's computerised application system for jobs as junior hospital doctors.

The march, organised by Remedy UK and supported by the BMA, culminated with speeches from MPs in Lincoln's Inn Fields, with Conservative Party leader David Cameron addressing the crowds. He said that the training system was a “shambles,” that the Conservatives would treat doctors “like human beings,” and that he would call the government to account for its Modernising Medical Careers policy.

“The …
The Hypoglycemia Index-Reply
Authors: Debra D. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  When the article by Hadji-Georgopoulos et al1appeared, we applied their hyopglycemic index to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results of our group of patients. The calculation was done by dividing the slope of glucose descent after the peak by the glucose nadir (units=hr—1). This varies from the method of Hadji-Georgopoulos et al only in the time interval for slope determination and can be compared by dividing their values by 1.5.  Probably because our series was larger (192 vs 28 patients), we did observe patients without symptoms of hypoglycemia at glucose nadirs
What Causes Wasting in AIDS?
Authors: Carl Grunfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The wasting syndrome, defined as the unintentional loss of more than 10 percent of body weight, is a devastating complication of AIDS, other infections, and cancer.1 Because weight loss is an independent contributor to death,2,3 reversing it could theoretically both extend life and improve its quality.Unfortunately, nutritional supplementation is not uniformly effective in patients with the wasting syndrome.1 Such supplementation does improve the nitrogen balance in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus and stomach in whom food intake is decreased. In patients with lymphoma or patients with AIDS who have active infections, hyperalimentation increases fat mass but not . . .
The Sesto Fiorentino Study: Background, Methods and Preliminary Results
Authors: Carlo Faravelli, Luca Abrardi, Daniela Bartolozzi, Cristiana Cecchi, Fiammetta Cosci, Donato D’Adamo, Beatrice Lo Iacono, Claudia Ravaldi, Maria Alessandra Scarpato, Elisabetta Truglia, Simone Rosi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This paper presents lifetime prevalences and estimated risks of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders from a community survey conducted in Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, using psychiatric interviewers with clinical experience and clinical instruments. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Two thousand five hundred subjects aged 14 or more were randomly selected from the lists of 15 general practitioners (GPs) regardless of wheter or not they had consulted the GP. A three-phase design was adopted, with the GPs using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for the first stage. All positive cases at the MINI and a probability sample of 123 negative cases were re-interviewed by psychiatrists or trained residents in psychiatry using the Florence Psychiatric Interview (FPI) at the second stage. During phase III, the subjects were administered the rating scales specific to the pathology detected by the FPI. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Two thousand three hundred and sixty-three subjects were interviewed (response rate 94.5%) by their own GP; 623 were found positive for any psychiatric disorder. The psychiatrists could re-interview 605 of these, along with a random sample of 123 negatives. Almost twenty-five percent (24.4%; 15.7% males, 31.7% females) of the population was found positive for any DSM-IV disorder during their lives. The most common diagnosis was major depressive episode, followed by anxiety not otherwise specified. Women had higher rates for most disorders. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The prevalence rates for most of the disorders considered are generally comparable with the range identified by previous studies conducted in other Western countries, even though they were using different methodologies. Exceptions are represented by the high prevalence of residual categories and the lower prevalence of phobias.
Abstract B48: Breast tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF promotes pro-angiogenic macrophages through NF-κB signaling
Authors: Stephen L. Rego, Rachel Helms, Didier Dreau
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Mortalities associated with breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, are mainly due to metastases. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the development of metastasis through promotion of the rate limiting step of angiogenesis through secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Macrophage differentiation and migration are activated by macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), respectively. Whereas tumor cells secrete CCL2, MCSF release is mediated by ectodomain shedding through tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme activation (TACE). How tumor cells support macrophage promotion of angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we determined whether MCSF shed by TACE from tumor cells promotes angiogenesis through the activation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages and subsequent VEGF release. These studies were modeled in vitro using a panel of murine mammary cells mimicking breast cancer progression from normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells to metastatic 4T1 cells along with J774 macrophages. TACE and MCSF expressions were higher in metastatic cells compared to epithelial cells (p&amp;lt;0.05). After incubation with 4T1 tumor conditioned media (CM), macrophages secreted significantly more VEGF and expressed of the activated NF-κB, and the resulting macrophage secretions promoted significantly high levels of endothelial cell tubes (p&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, a similar activation of macrophages was generated by the combination of CCL2, also highly expressed by tumor cells, and MCSF. These results highlight the key role of tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF and secreted CCL2 in synergistically stimulating pro-angiogenic macrophages. Citation Format: Stephen L. Rego, Rachel Helms, Didier Dreau. Breast tumor cell TACE-shed MCSF promotes pro-angiogenic macrophages through NF-κB signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Early Gastric Cancer Detected by 2-Hour Delayed FDG PET With the Water Gastric Distention Method
Authors: Yoriko Kajiya, Atsushi Tani, Shunji Shimaoka, Sadao Tanaka, Masayuki Nakajo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

It is usually difficult to identify early gastric cancers by routine fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET scans. A 63-year-old man with 5 × 3 mm intramucosal gastric tubular adenocarcinoma underwent FDG PET/CT scans. Both successive 1-hour PET/CT scans before and immediately after oral intake of 400 mL of warm water failed to depict the lesion, but the 2-hour PET/CT scan immediately after oral intake of 300 mL of warm water depicted the lesion. Glucose transporter-1 expression was highly positive in the tumor. This case suggests that the 2-hour delayed FDG PET/CT scan with gastric distention has the potential to depict early gastric cancers.
Comparative molecular analysis of meticillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>isolates from children with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects in Taiwan
Authors: W-T. Lo, S-R. Wang, M-H. Tseng, C-F. Huang, S-J. Chen, C-C. Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Comparative molecular analysis of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from children with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects in Taiwan Get access W‐T. Lo, W‐T. Lo Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐R. Wang, S‐R. Wang Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐H. Tseng, M‐H. Tseng Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐F. Huang, C‐F. Huang Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐J. Chen, S‐J. Chen Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐C. Wang C‐C. Wang Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng‐Kung Road, Section 2, Nei‐hu 114, Taipei, Taiwan Chih‐Chien Wang. E‐mail: ndmcccw@yahoo.com.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 5, 1 May 2010, Pages 1110–1116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x Published: 01 May 2010