tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy: A report of eight African American families
Authors: Maneesh Jain, Joao Ascensao, Geraldine P. Schechter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Previous descriptions of familial myeloma have been mainly of Caucasian families. We report here eight African American families with familial multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy identified over a 30 year period. Six patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and two with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) reported a family history of MM or had family members with MGUS found on screening. A pedigree compiled for each family included a history of other cancers. In the eight families, 21 of 58 first degree relatives had a plasma cell dyscrasia including 12 MM, eight MGUS, and one amyloidosis patient(s). The age of the MM patients ranged from 50 to 78 years (median 61 years). Four families had two members with MM, including one mother-son and three sibling pairs. Two MM families each had two additional first degree relatives with MGUS, with three generations involved in one family. Anticipation was suggested in two families with parent-child pairs with monoclonal gammopathy. The eight pedigrees had 66 members, 21 of whom had a diagnosis of cancer, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin disease, or a clonal myeloproliferative disorder other than MM. Although the mode of genetic transmission and anticipation cannot be confirmed due to the small sample size, the increased number of MM and MGUS family members suggests underlying genetic susceptibility factors for plasma cell dyscrasias and possibly for other cancers in these families.
Biology, Culture, Dietary Changes Conspire to Increase Incidence of Obesity
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE SEDUCTIVE lure of haute cuisine and the dwindling light of winter days share billing with neurotransmitters and adipocyte metabolism in the vocabulary of obesity researchers today. This language reflects an increasingly sophisticated approach to uncovering the cause of a disorder—obesity— that occurs in an estimated 12 million Americans. Paradoxically, in a society apparently seized by a "fitness craze," Americans have been getting fatter, according to data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md. At a recent conference on human obesity sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, more than two dozen investigators gathered to take stock of developments in the field. Much of the work presented focused on biochemical changes associated with obesity. Coincident with this emphasis was detailed discussion of pharmacological interventions to promote weight loss. <h3>"Overweight Is Risking Fate"</h3> Mounting evidence that even moderate excess weight may be an independent risk factor for
Asthma due to industrial use of chloramine.
Authors: M S Bourne, M L Flindt, J M Walker
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Seven brewery workers developed asthmatic symptoms after using chloramine (chloramine-T) powder as a sterilising agent. They gave positive weal and flare reactions to skin-prick tests with solutions of chloramine at strengths that caused no reactions in unexposed controls. The symptoms did not recur once the men had been removed from areas in which chloramine was handled. As well as causing irritant effects, inhaling dry or liquid aerosols of chloramine may cause sensitisation, with workers being prone to allergic asthma on reexposure. In view of this, measures should be taken to ensure that chloramine is not inhaled.
Recurrent Abortion Associated with Bicornuate Uterus
Authors: G. J. Amiel
Journal: BMJ (1955)

_M EDICAL JOURNAL who swallowed over 200 tablets-800 gr. (52g.).Hobart (1951) states that detoxication of the open-chain ureide sedatives is fairly rapid, and that 60-600 gr. (4-40g.) have been taken in suicidal cases without harm.Synergism between methylpentynol and barbiturates re- sulted in death in a man who took 9 oblivon capsules and 20 pentobarbitone sodium (" nembutal ") tablets (British Medical Journal, 1955).Although it appears from our case that methylpentynol and persomnia do not potentiate each other, the possibility of an additive effect might be considered.Finally, we would agree with Glatt (1955), who said with reference to methylpentynol, " It is regrettable that members of the public should still be able to purchase large quantities of this drug so easily without a prescription, in spite of the advice of the Pharmaceutical Society; it should be sup- plied only on a prescription."On the other hand, there are no indications for placing special restrictions on the sale of persomnia, but note should be taken of a recent report in the English literature of a purpuric eruption caused by carbromal (Borrie, 1955).Summary A soldier aged 38 attempted suicide by swallowing 25 capsules of oblivon and 75 tablets of persomnia.He was suffering from reactive depression.He recovered on routine treatment.This is the first reported case of attempted suicide with this combination of drugs.
Arginine induced acute pancreatitis alters the actin cytoskeleton and increases heat shock protein expression in rat pancreatic acinar cells
Authors: M Tashiro, C Schäfer, H Yao, S A Ernst, J A Williams
Journal: Gut (2001)

Arginine induced acute pancreatitis was evaluated as a novel and distinct form of experimental pancreatitis with particular attention to the actin cytoskeleton and expression of heat shock or stress proteins. Arginine induced a dose related necrotising pancreatitis in rats, as shown by histological evaluation, and an increase in serum amylase. Severe pancreatitis induced by 4.5 g/kg arginine was accompanied by dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, as visualised with rhodamine phallodin. Intermediate filaments were also disrupted, as visualised by cytokeratin 8/18 immunocytochemistry. Arginine pancreatitis was accompanied by a stress response with a large increase in the small heat shock protein HSP27, as well as HSP70, peaking at 24 hours and localised to acinar cells. There was a lower increase in HSP60 and HSP90 and no effect on GRP78. HSP27 was also shifted to phosphorylated forms during pancreatitis. A lower dose of arginine (3.0 g/kg) induced less pancreatitis but a larger increase in HSP70 and HSP27 expression and phosphorylation of HSP27. Thus HSP expression can be overwhelmed by severe damage. The present work in conjunction with earlier work on caerulein induced pancreatitis indicates that changes in the actin cytoskeleton are an early component in experimental pancreatitis.
Checkrein Shoulder
Authors: T. B. Quigley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

TWENTY years ago Codman,1 in his classic work on the shoulder, described "frozen" shoulder as "difficult to define, difficult to treat, and difficult to explain from the point of view of Pathology." Since then progress has been made, but the problem remains far from solved.Etiology, in particular, is not clear. The condition occurs in middle life, more often in women than in men. It has been well established that arthritis and other general metabolic diseases play no part. Major trauma is rarely a factor. Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and the other elements of the rotator cuff, although painful, . . .
Monitoring target reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient during pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension: a close look at the evidence
Authors: U Thalheimer
Journal: Gut (2003)

Recurrent variceal bleeding is very frequent after variceal haemorrhage and pharmacological therapy is the first choice treatment. Recently, baseline and repeat measurements of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) have been considered necessary to optimally manage patients receiving pharmacological therapy so as to reduce the frequency of rebleeding. However, the clinical validity and applicability of monitoring for target HVPG reductions is not sufficiently proven and needs to be specifically evaluated in a prospective trial.
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Megaloblastic Anaemias of Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Authors: C. C. Ungley, R. B. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Megaloblastic anaemia occurring in pregnancy and the puerperium is clearly distinct from Addisonian pernicious anaemia with its associated gastric atrophy and permanent loss of Castle's intrinsic factor.Trials with vitamin B12 reported here emphasize that even the nature of the limiting haematopoietic factor may be different in the two disorders.Haematological methods and dietary control have been described (Ungley, 1949).Several cases are excluded because of spontaneous remission, and only six will be presented.Five were classical examples of the so-called " pernicious anaemia of pregnancy "; the sixth had unusual features.All showed megaloblastic erythropoiesis on marrow punctiire.Case 1 Mrs. A., aged 34, was first seen in the fourth month of her third pregnancy.She then had hypochromic anaemia with a normoblastic marrow, and received transfusions and iron.At the eighth month she returned with severe swelling of the legs and vulva, and a marked anaemia, this time associated with a megaloblastic marrow.Except that she ate red meat only twice a week and disliked cabbage the diet had been fairly good.There was free HCI in the gastric juice.Red blood cells numbered 1,530,000 per c.mm.; haemoglobin, 30% (4.4 g. per 100 ml.); colour index, 0.98; M.C.V., 80 p3; M.C.H.C., 34.2%; M.C.H., 27.1 ,ug.Plasma bilirubin was 0.64 mg. per 100 ml.(direct reaction negative).A concentrate of Lester Smith's red pigments (not yet crystalline) was given parenterally in a dose colorimetrically equivalent to 65 pg. of vitamin B,2 (Fig. 1).There was no response, and after a few days the patient was transfused with blood of a group suitable for differential agglutination by the Ashby technique (Dr.W. Walker).Ten days after receiving vitamin B,, her own red blood cells had fallen to 1,130,000 per c.mm.The marrow was still megaloblastic, and oedema had increased.She was now given 2.5 mg. of folic acid daily, alternately by mouth and by injection.After four days the marrow was normoblastic.A reticulocytosis of 26.6% followed, and the red blood cells increased to 2,240,000 per c.mm. in 10 days.When a yeast extract was substituted for folic acid there was no secondary reticulocytosis, and erythropoiesis continued at the same rate.The rapid rate of elimination of transfused red cells changed to normal after folic acid.After delivering a healthy child the patient continued to irnprove, red cell counts reaching normal levels without further treatment, except a course of iron.
The Birth of Serological Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: M J Alter
Journal: JAMA (1996)

DURING most of the 20th century, the study of viral hepatitis was dependent on observations of naturally occurring disease, usually in the form of epidemics, and of experimentally infected human volunteers, because of the failure both to isolate hepatitis virus in tissue culture and to identify a suitable animal model for transmission studies. These observations initially provided indirect evidence of 2 distinct forms of viral hepatitis; short-incubation infectious hepatitis and long-incubation serum hepatitis. These 2 forms were further shown to be immunologically distinct types of hepatitis that were designated as MS-1 (infectious) and MS-2 (serum).<sup>1</sup> The discovery of Australia antigen by Blumberg and colleagues in 1965<sup>2</sup>and its subsequent detection in blood donors and transfusion recipients with long-incubation clinical hepatitis suggested an association between this antigen and serum hepatitis. It was also demonstrated that the MS-2 serum was positive for this antigen, as were recipients who had been
An Address on the Rapid Diffusion of a Knowledge of Advances in Ophthalmic Therapeutics
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1883)

AFTER some detailed observations with regard to the business of the Society, Mr. Hutchinson proceeded as follows:-The improvement of ophthalmic knowledge is unquestionably our first and by far our principal duty.I cannot but think, however, that it is possible that, in the fuature, such societies as ours may find another kind of work open to them, which is only second in importance.I allude to the systematic and strenuous endeavours to diffuse rapidly amongst the profession at large, for the prompt benefit of our patients universally, all items of new knowledge which may have been obtained.There are many directions in which thoughtful help might be given towards this end.AVe may, in the first place, endeavour to induce as many as possible to join us, and attend our demonstrations and receive our volumes.We shall not, lhowever, in this way, reach any excepting London residents.We might, for in- stance, bring forward for discussion, occasionally, the commoner forms of eye-disease, such as are scarcely likely to be often made the themes of original communications.Not only would this help others, but it is very desirable, for our own good, that we should occasionally make recapitulation in public of our knowledge of common things, and thas ascertain how far our opinions have ad-
Perforin expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin-infiltrating cells in patients with lichen planus
Authors: L. Prpic Massari, M. Kastelan, F. Gruber, G. Laskarin, V. Sotosek Tokmadzic, N. Strbo, G. Zamolo, G. zauhar, D. Rukavina
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Current evidence suggests that lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which cytotoxic mechanisms have been poorly investigated.We investigated the expression of perforin in subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in exacerbation and remission phases of the disease as well as in skin lesions.We performed a simultaneous detection of perforin (intracellular molecule) and cell surface antigens on PBL by flow cytometry, and skin lesions were investigated by immunohistochemistry.The most interesting finding was a significant increase of perforin expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+ perforin+ cells) in the exacerbation phase of disease (P < 0.05), which was mostly located in the CD8+ subpopulation (CD8+ perforin+) (P < 0.01). Using immunohistochemistry we confirmed the infiltration of T lymphocytes in skin lesions, especially of CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes, compared with uninvolved (P < 0.05) and healthy skin (P < 0.01). The expression of perforin was also significantly higher in lesional skin compared with nonlesional and healthy skin (P < 0.05).Our results clearly show the upregulation of perforin expression in peripheral blood as well as in lesions of patients with lichen planus and therefore suggest an important role for perforin in this autoimmune disease.
Control of the intestinal flora by means of antibacterial drugs in surgery of the colon.
Authors: A A Gunn, J C Gould
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The authors, by qualitative and quantitative assessment of the bacterial flora of the large bowel pre-operatively and at operation, have determined the sensitivities of the various organisms found.They have then endeavoured to discover the best agents to produce an effective reduction in the bacterial content of the intestine in patients about to undergo colonic surgery.They state that in the majority of patients a combination of drugs such as framycetin, 2 g., and ampicillin, 1 g., or neomycin, 2 g., plus bacitracin 100,000 units, per day will be effective.
Family Practitioners and Surgery
Authors: ALVIN R. LOOSLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1981Family Practitioners and SurgeryALVIN R. LOOSLI, M.D., FRANK P. BONGIORNO, M.D.ALVIN R. LOOSLI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANK P. BONGIORNO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-5-710_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to thank Dr. Lawrence (1) for his comments on the growth of family practice in the United States but take exception to one paragraph in his editorial on the advisability of family practitioners spending time in the operating room. Dr. Lawrence said that ". . . the only compelling argument for first-assisting by family physicians is a reimbursement system. . . ." We strongly believe that a family physician must participate in all phases of medical care of patients to be a complete doctor. These phases must include training in general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology,...Reference1. LAWRENCE R. Family practice celebrates a decade of growth. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:271-2. Editorial note. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALVIN R. LOOSLI, M.D.; FRANK P. BONGIORNO, M.D.Affiliations: Contra Costa County Health Services Department Martinez, CA 94553 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1981Volume 94, Issue 5Page: 710-710KeywordsObstetrics and gynecologyPatientsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: Overview and Perspective
Authors: Gautam Rao, Marta Crispens, Mace L. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has theoretical, pharmacologic, and clinical advantages over intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in women with optimally debulked epithelial ovarian cancer confined to the abdominal cavity. Consistent, statistically significant improvements in both progression-free and overall survival have been demonstrated in three large phase III trials conducted in the United States during the past 10 years. Nevertheless, concerns over IP drug distribution and systemic absorption, technical challenges of IP catheter placement and the incidence of IP catheter-related complications, and the clinical relevance of these studies have limited the adoption of IP therapy in ovarian cancer. Current interest in the evaluation of molecularly targeted therapies should build on the progress that has been made through the use of IP chemotherapy in women with optimally debulked ovarian cancer.
Immunohistochemical evidence of immunopathogenetic mechanisms in chronic hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: C G Asanza, C Garcia-Monzon, G Clemente, M Salcedo, L Garcia-Buey, C Garcia-Iglesias, R Banares, E Alvarez, R Moreno-Otero
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Viremia and genotype are implicated in a rapid course of posttransplant hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection recurrence, but the role played by host immune reactions has not yet been evaluated. We correlated the degree of liver injury with the intrahepatic expression of molecules involved in immune response. The study included 32 biopsies of 30 liver transplant recipients. Recurrence of viremia was detected by Amplicor assay. Genotype was tested by Inno-Lipa. Cryostat sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry, using a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies. Correlations between histological-immunohistochemical semiquantitative evaluation and levels of viremia were performed. In severe hepatic inflammation, high numbers of activated cytotoxic T cells were found, along with marked hepatocellular expression of β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) and intercellular adhesion molecules. Likewise, a strong vascular adhesion molecule expression was observed mainly in those areas that were more inflamed. A striking endoglin reactivity was detected in enlarged portal tracts, and the presence of neoformed microvessels was also noteworthy. By contrast, in mild hepatic inflammation only a few activated T cells were detected, together with a weaker reactivity for all molecules studied. The level of viremia did not correlate with the degree of liver damage. The severe forms of post-transplant HCV infection recurrence are associated with a marked and aberrant intrahepatic expression of molecules involved in antigen recognition, and intercellular and vascular adhesion, decisive in regulating the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Beta Error and the Consultant
Authors: ROBERT C. BURACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Beta Error and the ConsultantROBERT C. BURACK, M.D.ROBERT C. BURACK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1031_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The choice between alternative therapies rests on careful consideration of anticipated results and ideally is based on the observation of an improved outcome in a controlled clinical trial. Interpretation of the validity, reliability, and utility of published results is facilitated through application of standard methods of analysis. Unanticipated influences may, however, substantially alter the conclusions drawn by the medical audience.I recently presented to a group of internal medicine residents a clinical exercise that focused on the assessment of literature reporting on therapy. The two-session exercise included four components: a structured approach to literature analysis (1); a...References1. . How to read clinical journals. V. To distinguish useful from useless or even harmful therapy. Can Med Assoc J. 1981;124:1156-62. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GREEN L. Dexamethasone in the management of symptoms due to herniated lumbar disc. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975;38:1211-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PORSMANFRIIS OH. Prolapsed lumbar disc treated with intramuscularly administered dexamethasonephosphate: a prospectively planned, double-blind, controlled clinical trial in 52 patients. Scand J Rheumatol. 1979;8:142-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1031-1031KeywordsClinical trialsExerciseExercise therapySports and exercise medicine Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells via PPAR independent mechanisms
Authors: A Galli
Journal: Gut (2004)

Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to inhibit growth of some epithelial cancer cells. Although TZD were found to be ligands for peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) the mechanism by which TZD exert their anticancer effect is currently unclear. Furthermore, the effect of TZD on local motility and metastatic potential of cancer cells is unknown. The authors analysed the effects of two TZD, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, on invasiveness of human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in order to evaluate the potential therapeutic use of these drugs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Expression of PPARgamma in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by western blot analysis. PPARgamma activity was evaluated by transient reporter gene assay. Invasion assay was performed in modified Boyden chambers. Gelatinolytic and fibrinolytic activity were evaluated by gel zymography.TZD inhibited pancreatic cancer cells' invasiveness, affecting gelatinolytic and fibrinolytic activity with a mechanism independent of PPARgamma activation and involving MMP-2 and PAI-1 expression.TZD treatment in pancreatic cancer cells has potent inhibitory effects on growth and invasiveness suggesting that these drugs may have application for prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer in humans.