tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National service framework for coronary heart disease
Authors: R. Lloyd-Mostyn
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—One of the priorities in the national service framework for coronary heart disease summarised by Mayor1 was “improved use of effective medicines after heart attack—especially aspirin, β blockers, and statins—so that 80-90% of people discharged from hospital after a heart attack will be prescribed these drugs.” This is the recommendation in the executive summary, which taken at face value implies that all three drugs should be prescribed before a patient leaves hospital. In contrast, the recommendation in the main document is that aspirin and β blocker treatment should be started in hospital and statin treatment left for “continuing care.”

Statin treatment was not started at the time of infarction in any of the large secondary prevention studies. The shortest times from infarction to inclusion were six months in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study (4S),2 and three months in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) study3 and the long term intervention with pravastatin in ischaemic disease (LIPID) study.4 Thus the common practice of starting treatment before discharge is not strictly evidence based and statin treatment may be harmful immediately after myocardial infarction. Starting treatment before discharge, however, ensures that the drug is prescribed and simplifies audit.

A further recommendation in the main document is “give statins to lower serum cholesterol concentrations either to less than 5 mmol/l (low density lipoprotein cholesterol below 3 mmol/l) or by 30% (whichever is greater).” I find this ambiguous because a percentage change cannot be compared to a concentration, but I presume that the intention is to exclude from treatment those with a total cholesterol concentration under 5 mmol/l on admission. An audit of my own patients with myocardial infarction showed that statin treatment was not appropriate in 22% for this reason.

The main document states that patients with acute myocardial infarction should usually receive the recommended interventions unless contraindicated. Surely all patients without intolerance or contradindications should receive aspirin and β blockers. Similarly, all patients with a total cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to 5 mmol/l should be treated with a statin, but they may number less than 80% of the total. Whether the 80-90% standard above applies to all patients or to those without contraindications is not clear.

These ambiguities need to be clarified or the results of comparative audit will be meaningless. The criteria for audit should be as rigorous as those for clinical trials.
PATHOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE TURBINATE.
Authors: J. L. GOODALE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The pathology of the middle turbinate is in general the pathology of the other intranasal structures. It is subject, as they are, to infectious inflammations, both of determined and undetermined etiology, to the progressive and regressive disturbances of nutrition, and to various processes of degeneration and atrophy. I assume, however, that your committee in assigning to me this subject had in mind that I should treat of those pathologic alterations of the middle turbinate which, from the situation and anatomic structure of the bone, assume here certain definite peculiarities. I shall leave out of consideration, therefore, the pathology of hay fever, of acute rhinitis of other infections and of benign and malignant tumors. We have left those processes which may be grouped under the head of chronic inflammation with tendency to hypertrophy. In association with these conditions are found histologic evidences of degeneration in the mucous membrane and glands. The
STUDIES OF IODOALBUMIN METABOLISM. II. THE EFFECTS OF THYROID HORMONE*
Authors: Charles G. Lewallen, Joseph E. Rall, Mones Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

The profound effects of thyroid hormone on a variety of metabolic systems have been well doc- umented.In this report evidence that thyroid hormone alters the distribution kinetics and deg- radation of iodoalbumin in man is presented.The results of these studies have been previously presented in a preliminary report, prior to refine- ment of the mathematical analysis employed (1). METHODSGeneral.The I'3l labeled human serum albumin used in these studies was the commercial preparation of Abbott Laboratories obtained between May, 1953, and May, 1954.Prior to use, the material was suspended in redissolved lyophilized plasma and then dialyzed with a cellulose membrane to equilibrium three times against 40 times its volume of a 1:25 dilution of plasma in saline.Without added carrier protein, considerable loss of label on glassware ensued and the preparation was unstable on prolonged dialysis.Quantitation of activity in the dialysate indi- cated the presence in the preparation of 0.3 to 2.4 per cent dialyzable I'3l prior to dialysis.The dialyzed iodoalbumin solution was injected into the rubber tubing of a previously inserted intravenous Murphy drip of normal saline in approximately 20 seconds from a 10 ml.syringe gravimetrically calibrated to deliver with an error not exceeding 0.1 per cent.The injection was immediately followed by a 30 second rinse from the Murphy drip.The intravenous tubing was then clamped, the needle removed, and both thoroughly rinsed into a volumetric flask.Less than 0.1 per cent of the syringe dose remained in the tubing in all experiments.Heparinized venous blood samples were taken at ap- proximately the following times after injection: 5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes; 1, 2, 4,-6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours.In the earlier studies of Experiment I, after 24 hours, blood samples were taken every other day.In subsequent studies, samples were taken daily.In Experiment I samples were collected for 14 days; in Experiment II, for 36 days.
Histoplasmosis in Panama
Authors: E. P. Shirokov
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The first recorded case of histoplasmosis was observed at an autopsy in the Panama Canal Zone in 1905. There is evidence that people who have been born or have resided long in this area have a high degree of immunity to the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis. All cases here reported occured among Caucasoid patients who came from the United States as temporary residents. In 29 cases the diagnosis was confirmed mycologically; in 5 others the lesions strongly suggested histoplasmomas. Solitary pulmonary histoplasmomas apparently do not break down or disseminate, but they usually cannot be distinguished from pulmonary carcinomas except by thoracotomy. In 78 consecutive cases in which thoracotomy was performed in the presence of an undiagnosed pulmonary lesion, there were 40 cases of cancer and 17 of histoplasmosis.
Response of Bladder and Urethral Mucosa to Catheterization
Authors: Rodney U. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Short-term urinary bladder drainage with the use of urethral Foley catheters is practiced frequently in hospitals throughout the country. We studied the urethral and bladder cellular proliferation after exposure to latex, silicone-coated latex, and 100% silicone catheters. Fifty-one male patients were studied; no differences in acute cellular reaction could be detected among the three different catheter materials. Promotion of all-silicone products in hospital use may be unwarranted. (<i>JAMA</i>242:451-453, 1979)
Acquired Precursors of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Mark H. Greene, Wallace H. Clark, Margaret A. Tucker, David E. Elder, Kenneth H. Kraemer, DuPont Guerry, William K. Witmer, Jean Thompson, Isabel Matozzo, Mary C. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

THE incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is rising rapidly throughout the world.1 The most current data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) sy...
Albumin industry launches global promotion
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This article compares the performance of mutual funds to appropriate benchmarks on a monthly basis over a five and a half year period. A number of interesting tendencies seem to hold regardless of capitalization or style. Small-, mid-, or large-cap funds have tended to outperform their relevant benchmark when their dominant capitalization sector has underperformed. Large-cap funds have had the highest returns but the worst performance relative to benchmarks. Just the opposite has been true for small-caps. Value outperformed growth funds relative to their benchmarks has been noticeably superior to that of value funds across all capitalization levels.
It's Almost Over— More Letters on Debbie
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With the publication of a COMMENTARY<sup>1</sup>and a letter,<sup>2</sup>some readers of<i>JAMA</i>have effectively turned the debate over the now-infamous essay "It's Over, Debbie"<sup>3</sup>into a debate about the nature and limits of medical ethics. Their dogmatic assertion of the moral truth, "doctors must never kill," combined with the criticism of<i>JAMA</i>for publishing the essay in the first place, demands some scrutiny. Perhaps most worrisome is the disclaimer, "Before the sophisticated obscure our vision with clouds of arguments and subtle qualifications, we must fix our gaze on the brute facts."1I agree that there are circumstances in which the expression of outrage and condemnation is the only ethical response and that not to do so is in an important way to misperceive the moral facts of the case. However, as a rule, one would hope that this conclusion would be reached as a
Improving the anti-ovarian cancer activity of docetaxel with biodegradable self-assembly micelles through various evaluations
Authors: Xiang Gao, Shimin Wang, BiLan Wang, Senyi Deng, Xiaoxiao Liu, XiaoNing Zhang, LinLi Luo, RangRang Fan, MingLi Xiang, Chao You, YuQuan Wei, ZhiYong Qian, Gang Guo
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY BASED PREDICTORS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA DETECTED BY SPECT-MPI
Authors: Balaji Tamarappoo, Ariel Gutstein, Victor Cheng, Ryo Nakazato, Heidi Gransar, Louise Thomson, Sean Hayes, John Friedman, Damini Dey, Piotr Slomka, Daniel Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms.
Authors: R C Saumarez, A J Camm, A Panagos, J S Gill, J T Stewart, M A de Belder, I A Simpson, W J McKenna
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Intraventricular conduction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been characterized to test the hypothesis that myofibrillar disarray will cause dispersion of activation throughout the ventricular myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 37 patients with HCM, four had spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF), five had nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), 13 had no risk factors, and 15 had a family history of sudden death. These patients and four controls were studied by pacing one site in the right ventricle and recording electrograms from three other right ventricular sites. These electrograms were high-pass filtered to emphasize small deflections due to activation of small bundles of myocytes close to the electrode. Intraventricular conduction curves were obtained with S1S2 coupling intervals decreasing in 1-msec steps from 479 msec to ventricular effective refractory period (VERP). These curves were repeated by pacing each RV site in turn and were characterized by two parameters: the point at which latency increased by 0.75 msec/20 msec reduction of the S1S2 coupling interval and an increase in electrogram duration between an S1S2 of 350 msec and VERP. Patients with VF, VT, and family history of sudden death had a mean increase in electrogram duration of 12.8 (2.9-32.3) msec versus 4.6 (-4.2 to 14.0) msec in low-risk patients and controls. Electrogram latency increased at an S1S2 of 363 msec in the VF group (342-386), 269 msec in the controls (266-279), and 326 msec in the non-VF group (260-399). Discriminant analysis separated VF patients from the remainder (p less than 0.0001) and VF, VT, and family history of sudden death patients from the low-risk and control groups (p less than 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS Patients with HCM who are at risk of sudden death have increased dispersion and inhomogeneity of intraventricular conduction, and this may create the conditions for reentry and arrhythmogenesis.
Sputum and BAL Clara cell secretory protein and surfactant protein D levels in asthma
Authors: P. Emmanouil, S. Loukides, K. Kostikas, G. Papatheodorou, A. Papaporfyriou, G. Hillas, I. Vamvakaris, R. Triggidou, P. Katafigiotis, A. Kokkini, S. Papiris, N. Koulouris, P. Bakakos
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) is associated with Th2 modulation. Surfactant protein D (SPD) plays an important role in surfactant homeostasis and eosinophil chemotaxis. We measured CC16 and SPD in sputum supernatants of 84 asthmatic patients and 12 healthy controls. In 22 asthmatics, we additionally measured CC16 and SPD levels in BAL and assessed smooth muscle area (SMA), reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness, and epithelial detachment (ED) in bronchial biopsies. Induced sputum CC16 and SPD were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma (SRA) compared to mild-moderate and healthy controls. BAL CC16 and SPD levels were also higher in SRA compared to mild-moderate asthma. CC16 BAL levels correlated with ED, while SPD BAL levels correlated with SMA and RBM. Severity represented a significant covariate for these associations. CC16 and SPD levels are upregulated in SRA and correlate with remodeling indices, suggesting a possible role of these biomarkers in the remodeling process.
Prevention and Treatment of Thrombosis in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Therese M. Giglia, M. Patricia Massicotte, James S. Tweddell, Robyn J. Barst, Mary Bauman, Christopher C. Erickson, Timothy F. Feltes, Elyse Foster, Kathleen Hinoki, Rebecca N. Ichord, Jacqueline Kreutzer, Brian W. McCrindle, Jane W. Newburger, Sarah Tabbutt, Jane L. Todd, Catherine L. Webb
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Stanley H. Tischler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There have been numerous books and articles written about infections and their treatment. This book, I can assure you, is one of the best, if not the best multiauthored text I have even read on this subject. It covers every aspect of infectious diseases, which will always be a concern for the obstetrician and gynecologist and, in fact, for all physicians. However, the obstetrician, in addition, has to be aware that antimicrobial therapy in pregnancy will affect two individuals—mother and fetus. It is vitally important that the physician have confidence in the selection of antibiotics to treat infections. This selection can be facilitated by knowledge of the clinical aspects of the disease, by the antibiotics available, by the knowledge of their specific mechanisms of action on the organisms, and by their sensitivities. This book tells it all. There are four sections. Section 1 deals with general considerations of principles of
Enrichment of in vitro and in vivo immunologic activity of purified fractions of calf thymic hormone.
Authors: Y Yakir, A I Kook, N Trainin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Thymus humoral factor (THF), a thymus hormone which participates in the processes leading to acquisition of immunocompetence of lymphoid cells has been isolated in our laboratory by a stepwise gel filtration through various Sephadex columns. THF so isolated appears to be a polypeptide of 3,000 mol wt which contains approximately 30 amino acid residues. Here we have tested the biological activity of THF fractions of successive degrees of purity upon lymphoid cells from both intact and neonatally thymectomized mice. The lymphoid cell populations were treated with the various THF fractions by in vitro incubation for a short time and by repeated injection in vivo. The treated cells evidenced increased ability to react in the graft-versus-host assay in vivo and in mixed lymphocyte cultures in vitro concomitantly with the rise of intracellular cAMP. On the other hand no activity whatsoever was shown by any of the control materials tested. These bioassays permitted isolation of fractions progressively more active than the original crude dialyzate of thymus extract tested. Thus the active peptide component of THF eluted from DEAE Sephadex A-25 column was estimated to be 2 X 10(4)-fold more active than the crude dialyzate of thymus extract which served as a starting material.
Adriamycin in the Treatment of Acute Leukaemia
Authors: J. M. A. Whitehouse, D. Crowther, C. J. T. Bateman, M. E. J. Beard, J. S. Malpas
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a preliminary study a new antitumour antibiotic, adriamycin, was found to be capable of inducing complete remission in 6 out of 17 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and in one out of four with lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma despite the fact that these patients had either failed to respond or had relapsed after chemotherapy with agents recognized to be potentially successful in each condition. In five cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia adriamycin was used in combination with cytosine arabinoside-three achieved complete remission and two good partial remissions. This combination seems to merit further study in patients who have relapsed on the more conventional chemotherapeutic regimens in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.In 13 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia previously treated with daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside no remissions were obtained with the dose range used.
Trends in death attributed to heart failure over the past two decades in Europe
Authors: Said Laribi, Albertine Aouba, Maria Nikolaou, Johan Lassus, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Patrick Plaisance, Gérard Pavillon, Preeti Jois, Gregg C. Fonarow, Eric Jougla, Alexandre Mebazaa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Green light for some diabetes therapies?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Some of the earliest eye changes in diabetes mellitus can be detected by measurement of altered fluorescein dye leakage from retinal vessels, say St Louis researchers who have used the technique with more than 500 patients. The technique is called vitreous fluorophotometry (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 240:2403-2406, 1978). Washington University School of Medicine researchers who are using it suggest that it detects changes "before there is irreversible structural damage" to the eye. The fluorescein is injected intravenously into the patient's arm. It changes from orange to fluorescent green as it absorbs light at certain wavelengths and picks up energy. A contact lens, connected by an optical fiber to a photodetector, is placed on the eye. The slit lamp-like photodetector, originally designed for determining low light levels, measures the light reflected as fluorescein leaks from retinal vessels into the vitreous. Why the blood-retinal barrier often breaks down in diabetic patients is not
Responsiveness of B cells is regulated by the hinge region of IgD
Authors: Rudolf Übelhart, Eva Hug, Martina P Bach, Thomas Wossning, Marcus Dühren-von Minden, Anselm H C Horn, Dimitrios Tsiantoulas, Kohei Kometani, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Christoph J Binder, Heinrich Sticht, Lars Nitschke, Michael Reth, Hassan Jumaa
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Microwave catheter ablation of myocardium in vitro. Assessment of the characteristics of tissue heating and injury.
Authors: J G Whayne, S Nath, D E Haines
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation lesion size has been limited by the small volume of tissue directly heated by the RF electrode. Microwave (MW) energy has been proposed as an alternative energy source to generate larger lesions because of its increased volume of direct tissue heating. To further characterize MW ablation of myocardium, we studied the temperature-versus-distance profiles during MW ablation in an in vitro model of perfused and superfused porcine right ventricular free wall. METHODS AND RESULTS Radial tissue temperatures in 19 isolated porcine right ventricles were measured and recorded with four fluoroptic thermometry probes placed within the myocardium at 2.5-mm radial increments from the catheter. The MW antenna catheters used were monopolar and helical-coil antennas resonating at 915 and 2450 MHz. Durations of energy delivery for a 915-MHz MW monopolar antenna (60 to 600 seconds) and a 4-mm-tip RF electrode (60 and 300 seconds) were varied to compare time courses of lesion formation. For each lesion, the temperature at the lesion border zone (the isotherm of irreversible tissue injury) was determined. Similar lesion size and temperature profiles were observed for 915- versus 2450-MHz MW antennas and monopolar versus helical-coil MW antennas. Lesion depth for the 915-MHz monopolar antenna increased monoexponentially with a half-time of 170 seconds. The isotherms for all MW antenna designs were not significantly different. The mean isotherm of irreversible tissue injury for MW lesions was not significantly different from the mean isotherm for RF lesions (54.4 degrees C versus 53.6 degrees C, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Microwave ablation has the potential to directly heat a greater volume of tissue than RF ablation but only with efficient MW antennas. The primary mechanism of tissue injury for both MW and RF ablation appears to be thermal.
Collagenous colitis in Greece.
Authors: A Archimandritis, M Tzivras, A Delladetsima, M Tryphonos
Journal: Gut (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Global trade has increased the invasion risk of exotic organisms and damaged agricultural and natural ecosystems. The Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (BAPHIQ) handles quarantine services of animal- and plant-associated pests and diseases in Taiwan. The predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a well-known group due to the potential use of certain species as biocontrol agents for small phytophagous pests. Some species are available in commercial markets and frequently used in biological control in many agricultural systems especially in greenhouse crops. However, exotic biological control agents may interfere with native or naturalized populations of predatory mites and they may threaten indigenous populations via intraguild predation. The present study aims to provide the phytoseiid mite species found in plant quarantine from 2006–2013. Twenty-five species belonging two subfamilies and eight genera were found in samples imported to Tawan from twelve countries, including one new species <i>Typhlodromus</i> (<i>Anthoseius</i>) <i>ueckermanni</i><b>sp. nov.</b> from South Africa. The checklist provides distribution, remarks, and also an identification key for all species.
Measuring Blood Pressure: Which Arm?-Reply
Authors: Richard A Reeves
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Panayiotou's group notes that BP inequality between arms can be clinically important and suggests a prevalence of 23%. 1 Studies earlier in this century using non-simultaneous readings reported interarm differences of greater than 10 mm Hg systolic in about 20% to 50% of patients, whereas simultaneous readings suggested a markedly lower prevalence, 2.6% to 17%. 2 In their article 1 Panayiotou's group cites Harrison et al, 2 whose single, immediately sequential noninvasive readings suggested that 26.6% of 454 subjects had such a difference; however, when two observers obtained three simultaneous readings (same heartbeats, cuffs connected by a T tube), only 5.3% of subjects showed this degree of discrepancy. 2 Adding invasive measurements approximately halved the prevalence, and just one patient showed a consistent difference. More recently, Hashimoto et al 3 also observed 28% to have a difference in systolic BP of greater than 8 mm Hg. However,