tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Cladd E. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In a survey carried out from 1985 through 1986, volunteer blood donors to The Greater New York Blood Program were tested for two surrogate markers for non-A, non-B hepatitis--elevation of alanine aminotransferase level and presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Stored serum samples from selected donors were also recently tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Anti-HCV was detected in 0.9% to 1.4% of donors and was higher in black and Hispanic donors than in white donors. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with increasing age through the fourth decade of life, but decreased thereafter, possibly reflecting the disappearance of detectable antibody with time. Anti-HCV correlated with both alanine aminotransferase level and the presence or absence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. These associations suggest that donor screening for elevation of alanine aminotransferase level and presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was, as expected, at least partially effective in preventing transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. The detection of anti-HCV in donors who have neither an elevation of alanine aminotransferase level nor presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen suggests that donor screening for anti-HCV will further reduce the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis.
Impaired Driving From Medical Conditions
Authors: Matthew Rizzo
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Some medical disorders can impair performance, increasing the risk of driving safety errors that can lead to vehicle crashes. The causal pathway often involves a concatenation of factors or events, some of which can be prevented or controlled. Effective interventions can operate before, during, or after a crash occurs at the levels of driver capacity, vehicle and road design, and public policy. A variety of systemic, neurological, psychiatric, and developmental disorders put drivers at potential increased risk of a car crash in the short or long term. Medical diagnosis and age alone are usually insufficient criteria for determining fitness to drive. Strategies are needed for determining what types and levels of reduced function provide a threshold for disqualification in drivers with medical disorders. Evidence of decreased mileage, self-restriction to driving in certain situations, collisions, moving violations, aggressive driving, sleepiness, alcohol abuse, metabolic disorders, and multiple medications may trigger considerations of driver safety. A general framework for evaluating driver fitness relies on a functional evaluation of multiple domains (cognitive, motor, perceptual, and psychiatric) that are important for safe driving and can be applied across many disorders, including conditions that have rarely been studied with respect to driving, and in patients with multiple conditions and medications. Neurocognitive tests, driving simulation, and road tests provide complementary sources of evidence to evaluate driver safety. No single test is sufficient to determine who should drive and who should not.
Histopathology and correlates of systemic disease in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A retrospective study of microscopic and clinical findings in 68 patients at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Timothy J. Poterucha, David A. Wetter, Lawrence E. Gibson, Michael J. Camilleri, Christine M. Lohse
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections and Associated Chronic Macrolide Use among Persons with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Alison M. Binder, Jennifer Adjemian, Kenneth N. Olivier, D. Rebecca Prevots
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at high risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection, with treatment requiring prolonged multidrug regimens that include macrolides. Although macrolides, specifically azithromycin, are used in the management of patients with CF with chronic Pseudomonas, macrolide-resistant NTM infections are of growing concern.To evaluate the relationship between chronic macrolide use and NTM infection among patients with CF included in the 2011 CF Patient Registry (CFPR).We performed a nested case-control study: incident NTM cases were persons aged more than 5 years with at least one positive culture for NTM in 2011. Controls were persons with negative cultures in 2010 and 2011.The 2011 CFPR included 27,112 patients; 5,403 (20%) were cultured for mycobacteria in 2010-2011 and met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 191 (4%) were NTM-positive in 2011 only (cases); 5,212 (96%) were NTM-negative in 2010 and 2011 (control subjects). Among the cases, 122 (64%) were culture-positive for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and 69 (36%) for M. abscessus. Azithromycin use in 2010 was less frequently reported among MAC cases (57%; odds ratio = 0.7, P < 0.05) and M. abscessus cases (51%; odds ratio = 0.5, P < 0.01) than in control subjects (66%). Among adolescents and adults, patients with the greatest number of years on chronic macrolides were the least likely to develop incident NTM in 2011 (P < 0.01).Patients with incident NTM infections from either MAC or M. abscessus were less likely to have had chronic azithromycin treatment in the past year. However, because macrolide monotherapy may lead to macrolide resistance, routine screening for NTM should be considered for persons with CF.
Abstract P3-14-18: Dose-dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Long term results of a cooperative retrospective study
Authors: MT Ionta, F Notari, S Murgioni, S Cugudda, M Marongiu, C Solinas, L Pala, S Lepori, L Demurtas, N Olmeo, E Valle, G Sarobba, B Frau, V Pusceddu, S Defraia, C Serci, M Fanzecco, FM Tanca, F Atzori
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Dose-dense chemotherapy results in better overall (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in women with hormone receptor-negative early breast cancer as shown with a systematic review and meta-analysis by Bonilla et al (JNCI 2010). Aim of our study was to compare neoadjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy with standard dose schedule in T4 patients in terms of DFS and OS, according to hormone-receptor status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: we analysed, retrospectively, 160 consecutive T4 patients, of median age 52 ys (range 29-73) who received neoadjuvant anthra-based chemotherapy with and without taxanes, observed from 1989 to 2009; 74 patients (46%) received dose-dense schedule (q14) and 86 (54%) conventional dose (q21); 68 (42%) patients were ER-negative (32 q14; 36 q21) and 92 (58%) patients were ER-positive (42 q14; 50 q21). No Trastuzumab was allowed during neoadjuvant treatment. RESULTS: at a median follow-up of 130 months (range 8-241 months), overall, 10 y DFS was 41.9% and 30.2% on q14 and q21 schedules, respectively (p = 0.085); 10 y OS was 48.6% on q14 and 44.2% on q21 schedule, (p = 0.343). ER-negative patients who received q14 schedule had better DFS (46.9%) than those on q21 schedule (16.7%), (p = 0.007) [Relative Risk 0,63 and Odds Ratio 0,22] and better OS (50%) than those on q21 schedule (30.6%) (p = 0.083) [Relative Risk 0,61 and Odds Ratio 0,44]. DFS and OS did not differ on q14 and q21 schedules in ER- positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with published data and suggest that there is no appreciable survival benefit from increasing dose density among T4 ER-positive patients. Dose-dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be justified in LABC patients with T4 ER-negative tumors. DFS OS q 14q 21pq 14q 21pER-46,9%16,7%0.00750%30,6%0.083ER+38,1%40,0%0.51247,6%54,0%0.344 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-14-18.
Dynamic Changes in Regulatory T Cells Are Linked to Levels of Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Elena Maganto-García, Margarite L. Tarrio, Nir Grabie, De-xiu Bu, Andrew H. Lichtman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are present in atherosclerotic lesions and can modulate disease. In this study we characterized changes in Treg responses associated with prolonged hypercholesterolemia and lesion progression.Low-density lipoprotein receptor null mice in which Treg express green fluorescent protein were fed a control or cholesterol-rich diet, and green fluorescent protein-positive cells were enumerated in lymphoid tissues and in aorta. Splenic Treg numbers increased after 4, 8, and 20 weeks in cholesterol-diet-fed mice. However, the number of circulating and lesional Treg peaked at 4 weeks and decreased significantly at 8 and 20 weeks, concomitant with increased numbers of CD4(+) effector T cells and increased lesion size over this period. Treg expression of selectin ligands and their ability to bind to aortic endothelium decreased after prolonged hypercholesterolemia, and apoptosis of lesional Treg increased. After 4 weeks of cholesterol-rich diet, a switch to a control diet for 4 weeks reduced serum cholesterol and stopped lesion growth, and the high aortic Treg content was maintained, compared with mice fed a cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. After the diet reversal, the splenic Treg retained the phenotype of Treg after 4 weeks of cholesterol diet.Prolonged hypercholesterolemia impairs Treg but not effector T cell accumulation in lesions, but reversal of hypercholesterolemia can prevent loss of lesional Treg. Therefore, cholesterol-lowering therapies may induce dynamic and beneficial changes in Treg:effector T cell ratios in atherosclerotic lesions.
IMPACT OF QRS DURATION AND MORPHOLOGY ON THE LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Koichi Inoue, Kojij Tanaka, Yuko Toyoshima, Takafumi Oka, Nobuaki Tanaka, Yohei Sotomi, Yoichi Nozato, Takaaki Isshiki, T. Kimura, M. Nobuyoshi, Kenji Ando, Satoshi Shizuta, Satoshi Shizuta, Takeshi Arita, Satoki Fujii, Katsuomi Iwakura, Kenshi Fujii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Relationship between Components of Alexithymia as Measured with Psychodγnamic Ratings and Subjective Lack of Well-Being
Authors: Robert M. Weinryb, Petter Gustavsson, Marie Åsberg, Robert J. Rössel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

Two alexithymia-related characterological patterns, identified by means of psychodynamic assessments in a study of patients with ulcerative colitis, were further investigated regarding subjective lack of well-being. The multidisturbed group (with disturbances in interpersonal relations) was symptomatically characterized by more sadness and by less initiative, but manifested less anxiety, enjoyed sex and slept well at night. The inhibited group was characterized by the opposite. The groups could not be discriminated on the basis of their general adaptive level of functioning. Our results suggest that alexithymia may have several dimensions, associated with different characterological disturbances and symptoms.
A young child with Hyper IgE Syndrome (HIES) with a Novel Variant in signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Disseminated Histoplasmosis
Authors: W. Robinson, J. Vickery, C. Michael, S. Arnold, R. Schoumacher, R. Chesney, K. Lakin, J. Ward, E. Pivnick, D. Lew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Thermal Patches: Ultrastretchable and Flexible Copper Interconnect‐Based Smart Patch for Adaptive Thermotherapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015)
Authors: Aftab M. Hussain, Ernesto Byas Lizardo, Galo A. Torres Sevilla, Joanna M. Nassar, Muhammad M. Hussain
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Based on the Joule heating principle, a wirelessly controlled thermal patch is developed on page 665 for pain management which uses low-cost copper as the functional material in a serpentine-shaped fractal design to vary the size of the patch based on pain location. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology is used by M. M. Hussain and co-workers to fabricate the patch with a heating range up to 103 °C with precise temperature control.
Negative feedback regulation of endothelial cell function by nitric oxide.
Authors: G M Buga, J M Griscavage, N E Rogers, L J Ignarro
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The objective of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) could function as a negative feedback modulator of endothelial cell function by inhibiting NO synthase in vascular endothelial cells. The rationale for this approach was a previous study from this laboratory, which revealed that NO inhibits neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum. In the present study, NO and NO-donor agents noncompetitively inhibited NO synthase derived from bovine aortic endothelial cells. Oxyhemoglobin blocked the inhibitory action of NO and by itself increased NO synthase activity. This finding suggests that NO acts as a negative feedback modulator of NO synthase. In intact aortic endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads and perfused in a bioassay cascade system, pretreatment of cells with NO-donor agents caused a marked inhibition of endothelial NO biosynthesis in response to bradykinin and increased fluid shear or flow. When isolated bovine pulmonary arterial rings precontracted by phenylephrine were used, pretreatment of arterial rings with NO-donor agents diminished endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation involving the L-arginine-NO pathway without altering endothelium-independent relaxation to NO itself. On the basis of these studies, NO is suggested to play an important negative feedback regulatory role on endothelial NO synthase and, therefore, vascular endothelial cell function.
Africa's medical brain drain
Authors: Emmanuel Makasa
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A theme issue by, for, and about Africa Results from Ugandan programme preventing maternal transmission of HIVEditor-Since the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child was first shown, much effort has been devoted in many countries in Africa to implement sustainable regimens. [1]2][3][4] To identify potential reasons affecting uptake we evaluated the five year performance of a programme at St Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda.The programme included voluntary counselling and confidential HIV testing for pregnant women and administration of antiretroviral prophylaxis in the peripartum period (zidovudine or nevirapine) for HIV positive women.Overall 24 133 women received counselling, 76% (18 384) agreed to be tested, and 2011 (10.9%) were HIV positive; 1341 (66.7% of the HIV positive women) were enrolled in the programme and received antiretroviral drugs.Acceptance of the test increased from 72.7% (9103/12 524) in 2000-2 to 79.9% (9281/11 609) in 2003-4, when a drug access programme became available in the hospital.Acceptance of the test and enrolment in the programme were lower in married or cohabitating women (test acceptance rate 72.9% (7735/10 605)) than single women (78% (860/1106)), indicating that the fear of being identified as HIV positive in the family is still a strong limiting factor and that men could have an important role.Acceptance of the test was lower in women belonging to the local tribe in Kampala (Baganda), probably because of fear of being recognised by hospital health workers.Higher education was associated with a lower prevalence of HIV and a higher enrolment in the programme, confirming that education can have a key role not only in protecting against HIV but also in allowing HIV positive people to benefit from existing measures against the spread of HIV.
A genetic linkage map of the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Howard J. Jacob, Donna M. Brown, Ruth K. Bunker, Mark J. Daly, Victor J. Dzau, Alec Goodman, George Koike, Vladimir Kren, Theodore Kurtz, Åke Lernmark, Göran Levan, Yi-pei Mao, Anna Pettersson, Michal Pravenec, Jason S. Simon, Claude Szpirer, Josiane Szpirer, Maria R. Trolliet, Eric S. Winer, Eric S. Lander
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY‐INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF IgE ANTIBODY FORMATION IN THE RAT
Authors: WERNER OPRÉE
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Formation of specific IgE antibodies as elicited in Sprague-Dawley rats against Ascaris antigen could be suppressed by intravenous administration both of antigen and of specific antiserum. The suppressive agent in the antiserum was shown to be antibodies of the IgG class, whereas a suppressive effect of cytophilic activity and of IgE antibodies could be outruled. Suppression of IgE response lasted the longer the more antibodies were transferred. An antibody-induced suppression was achieved when antibodies were transferred during an early period (day -3 to day +8), whereas an antigen-induced suppression took place when the antigen was intravenously administered following the antibody-sensitive period (day +8 until day +14). This is consistent with the fact that an antigen-induced suppression of IgE formation requires the presence of a certain amount of antibodies. A strictly peripheric suppression could be outruled, since with elapse of time a decreasing dose of antigen was required to induce a suppression. The results are discussed on the basis of an antigen-antibody complex-induced suppression in the IgE system and its possible central site of action.
THE EFFECT OF QUINIDIN ON STRIPED MUSCLE
Authors: J. G. BRODY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The puzzling effect of quinidin on auricular fibrillation renders it advisable to study its actions on the fundamental properties of muscle. This can be most conveniently and accurately approached in skeletal muscle. Experiments with frog's gastrocnemius or sartorius, immersed in dilute quinidin solutions, show the following variations from the corresponding normal muscle (immersed in unpoisoned Locke's solution): The height of contraction is diminished. With tetanizing currents, the peak of contraction is not so well sustained. The muscle ceases to respond to any stimulus much sooner than the corresponding unpoisoned muscle. Load fatigues it more easily. About ten stimulations a second cause a completely fused tetanic contraction in normal muscle; but with the quinidin muscle, the fusion is usually incomplete, no matter how frequent the stimulation, and becomes less and less complete the more the muscle is fatigued or loaded. The quinidin muscle therefore responds intermittently to a tetanizing current. The
Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in mycosis fungoides: Serum TARC levels reflect the disease activity of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Takashi Kakinuma, Makoto Sugaya, Koichiro Nakamura, Fumio Kaneko, Motoshi Wakugawa, Kouji Matsushima, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Impaired liver regeneration in Ldlr−/− mice is associated with an altered hepatic profile of cytokines, growth factors, and lipids
Authors: Montse Pauta, Noemi Rotllan, Frances Vales, Ana Fernandez-Hernando, Ryan M. Allen, David A. Ford, Montserrat Marí, Wladimiro Jiménez, Ángel Baldán, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Carlos Fernández-Hernando
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Chronic Granulomatous Disease Presenting in a 69-Year-Old Man
Authors: Brian L. Schapiro, Peter E. Newburger, Mark S. Klempner, Mary C. Dinauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

CHRONIC granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disease characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections beginning in childhood.1 Phagocytes from patients with chronic granulomat...
Clustering of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Linda S. Book, James C. Overall, John J. Herbst, Michael R. Britt, Beverly Epstein, August L. Jung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, characterized by intestinal necrosis and pneumatosis intestinalis, frequently leads to perforation of the bowel wall, septicemia and death. Several observations have suggested that an infectious agent is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease: epidemics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,1 2 3 4 association of outbreaks with specific bacterial pathogens1 , 2 , 5 and prevention of the disease and reduction of complications by prophylactic oral antibiotics.6 , 7 Through the ongoing nosocomial-infection surveillance program in the Intermountain Newborn Intensive Care Center,8 we became aware of a marked increase in the frequency of cases beginning in 1972. In this report we present our experience with 74 cases . . .
The economics of cognitive effort
Authors: John Andrew Westbrook, Todd S. Braver
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract If cognitive effort indexes opportunity costs, it should be investigated like other cost factors including risk and delay. We discuss recent methodological advances in behavioral economics and neuroeconomics, highlighting our own work in measuring the subjective (economic) value of cognitive effort. We discuss the implications of Kurzban et al.'s proposal and how some of its predictions may be untestable without behavioral economic formalisms.
Dual Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation by AEE788 Reduces Growth and Metastasis of Human Colon Carcinoma in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model
Authors: Kenji Yokoi, Premal H. Thaker, Sertac Yazici, Robert R. Rebhun, Do-Hyun Nam, Junqin He, Sun-Jin Kim, James L. Abbruzzese, Stanley R. Hamilton, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We studied growth factors and their receptors in tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells as the therapeutic targets in colon cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of 13 surgical specimens of human colon adenocarcinoma revealed that both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells in 11 of the 13 specimens expressed the epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR), and phosphorylated VEGFR (pVEGFR). HT29 human colon cancer cells growing orthotopically in the cecum of nude mice expressed a high level of EGF, EGFR, pEGFR, VEGF, VEGFR, and pVEGFR. Double-immunofluorescence staining found that tumor-associated mouse endothelial cells also expressed pEGFR and pVEGFR. Tumors in mice treated for 5 weeks with oral AEE788 (an inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR tyrosine kinase) as a single agent or with CPT-11 alone were smaller (&amp;gt;50%) than those in control mice. Mice treated with the combination of AEE788 and CPT-11 had significantly smaller tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and complete inhibition of lymph node metastasis. AEE788 alone or in combination with CPT-11 inhibited pEGFR, pVEGFR, and phosphorylated Akt expression on tumor-associated endothelial cells as well as on tumor cells. The combination therapy also significantly decreased microvessel density and tumor cell proliferation and increased the level of apoptosis in both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the dual inhibition of EGFR and VEGFR signaling pathways in tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells in combination with chemotherapy can provide a new approach to the treatment of colon cancer.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of a Right Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: R. Enns, N. Schmidt, P. Harrison, P. Chipperfield, P. Skarsgaard, J. A. Brown
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Hepatic artery aneurysms are rare occurrences with diverse etiologies. We present a case of a right hepatic artery aneurysm, which was diagnosed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and treated angiographically. This is the first report where ERC has been critical in delineating the aneurysmal cavity, suggesting the diagnosis and prompting emergency intervention.