tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interim Estimates of 2017–18 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2018
Authors: Brendan Flannery, Jessie R. Chung, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Kempapura Murthy, Richard K. Zimmerman, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Arnold S. Monto, Emily T. Martin, Angie Foust, Wendy Sessions, LaShondra Berman, John R. Barnes, Sarah Spencer, Alicia M. Fry
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months (1). During each influenza season since 2004-05, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI). This report uses data from 4,562 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (U.S. Flu VE Network) during November 2, 2017-February 3, 2018. During this period, overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza A and influenza B virus infection associated with medically attended ARI was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27%-44%). Most (69%) influenza infections were caused by A(H3N2) viruses. VE was estimated to be 25% (CI = 13% to 36%) against illness caused by influenza A(H3N2) virus, 67% (CI = 54%-76%) against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, and 42% (CI = 25%-56%) against influenza B viruses. These early VE estimates underscore the need for ongoing influenza prevention and treatment measures. CDC continues to recommend influenza vaccination because the vaccine can still prevent some infections with currently circulating influenza viruses, which are expected to continue circulating for several weeks. Even with current vaccine effectiveness estimates, vaccination will still prevent influenza illness, including thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. Persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season should be vaccinated.
Respiratory Syncytical Virus–induced Chemokine Expression in the Lower Airways
Authors: A. MARC HARRISON, CYNTHIA A. BONVILLE, HELENE F. ROSENBERG, JOSEPH B. DOMACHOWSKE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Characterization of chemokine expression patterns in virus-infected epithelial cells provides important clues to the pathophysiology of such infections. The aim of this study was to determine the chemokine response pattern of respiratory epithelium when infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Macrophage inflammatory protein-1- α (MIP-1- α ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and RANTES concentrations were measured from RSV-infected HEp-2, MRC-5, and WI-38 cell culture supernatants daily following infection. Additionally, MIP-1- α , IL-8, and RANTES concentrations were measured from lower respiratory secretions obtained from 10 intubated infants (0–24 mo) with RSV bronchiolitis, and from 10 control subjects. Our results indicate that respiratory epithelial cells respond to RSV infection by producing MIP-1- α , IL-8, and RANTES. Production of MIP-1- α required ongoing viral replication, whereas RANTES and IL-8 could be elicited by inactivated forms of the virus. MIP-1- α , RANTES, and IL-8 were also present in lower airway secretions obtained from patients with RSV bronchiolitis. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), the eosinophil secretory ribonucleases, were detected in lower airway secretions from RSV-infected patients; ECP concentrations correlated with MIP-1- α concentrations (r = 0.93). We conclude that MIP-1- α is present in the lower airways during severe RSV disease. The correlation between MIP-1- α and ECP concentrations suggests a role for eosinophil degranulation products in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis.
Characteristics of patients newly prescribed a long acting bronchodilator in the US
Authors: Keele Wurst, Samantha St. Laurent, Hana Muellerova, Kourtney Davis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: To characterize COPD patients newly prescribed a long acting bronchodilator (LABD) and assess treatment changes over 24 months.  Methods: A cohort of COPD patients aged ≥40yrs and newly prescribed a LABD between 1/1/2007 and 12/31/2009 was identified from Truven Marketscan Commercial database and followed for 24 months. New LABD prescriptions (no LABD in 12 months prior) included long acting beta-agonists (LABA), and/or long acting muscarinics (LAMA). Patients who had used an inhaled corticosteroid containing product (current or in the past 12 months) were excluded. Characteristics of patients newly prescribed LABD were examined. Treatment switching, augmentation, adherence (medication possession ratio [MPR]) and persistence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) were examined in the 24 months following initial prescription.  Results: Among the 3268 patients newly prescribed LABD monotherapy, the mean age was 55.8 yrs and 46% were male. 92.5%, 5.9%, 1.6% were prescribed LAMA, LABA and LAMA/LABA respectively. Treatment switching, augmentation, adherence and persistence over the 24 month period for patients initially prescribed LAMA monotherapy are presented in Table 1.  Conclusion: In this US healthcare claims-based COPD cohort, adherence to LAMA therapy was low; many patients discontinued treatment. One out of four patients newly prescribed LAMA added or switched therapy, suggesting additional therapy may be required to achieve optimal disease control.
Broadening the definition of resilience and “reappraising” the use of appetitive motivation
Authors: Melissa Soenke, Mary-Frances O'Connor, Jeff Greenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Kalisch et al.'s PASTOR model synthesizes current knowledge of resilience, focusing on mechanisms as a common pathway to outcomes and highlighting neuroscience as a method for exploring this. We propose the model broaden its definition of resiliency to include positive indices of recovery, include positive affect as a mechanism, and approach motivation as distinct from overcoming aversive motivation.
Detection of Bcl-2 and apoptosis in circulating tumor cells during treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: J. B. Smerage, G. V. Doyle, G. T. Budd, M. Repollet, C. Miller, L. W. Terstappen, D. F. Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11016 Background: Induction of apoptosis is a common effect of many new and existing drugs, and Bcl-2 expression is associated with resistance to apoptosis. CTCs are a minimally invasive blood test and are a source of tumor cells that can be obtained serially during therapy. Monitoring Bcl-2, apoptosis, and other markers in CTCs may be useful endpoints in trials of new and targeted agents. The goal of this pilot study is to estimate Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in CTCs from pts being treated for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: Whole blood was collected from pts initiating therapy for MBC at baseline, post-treatment (24, 48, or 72 hours), and 3–4 weeks. Samples were split into 3 × 7.5ml fractions. CTCs were isolated and enumerated using the CellTracks and CellSpotter systems. CTCs were defined as DAPI+, cytokeratin+, CD45-, with a cellular morphology. Apoptosis defined by positive staining with MAb M30. Bcl-2 status defined by staining with MAb Bcl-2–100. Results: 39/81 patients (49%) had ≥5 CTCs at baseline. 25% had ≥5 CTCs at 3–4 weeks. 35% of pts with CTCs had positive Bcl-2 staining in 91–100% of their CTCs (highest decile). Other pts were equally distributed across the remaining Bcl-2 deciles. At baseline, apoptosis correlates with CTC number. In samples with 1–4 CTCs, 80% of cells were apoptotic. For 5–49 CTCs, 48% were apoptotic; for 50–99, 34% were apoptotic; for 100–500, 28% were apoptotic; and for >500, 22% were apoptotic. Bcl-2 staining was inversely correlated with apoptosis staining. Pts were risk stratified by changes in CTC number after one cycle of therapy, and apoptosis increased with improving prognostic groups. One pt had markedly elevated CTCs of >20,000. The cells were remarkably 100% Bcl-2 positive and M30 negative (1% staining). Conclusions: These data confirm the prevalence of CTCs seen in the pivotal trial of CTCs in MBC (Cristofanilli NEJM 2004) and provide novel observations for Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in CTCs. Higher Bcl-2 expression appears to correlate with decreased apoptosis. High fractions of apoptotic cells correlate with lower numbers of CTCs, which is associated with a better prognosis. Analysis of the post-treatment (24, 48, or 72 hour) samples and correlation of markers with progression free survival are ongoing and will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Immunicon Immunicon Immunicon Immunicon
Methods of consent should be tested experimentally
Authors: T Marteau
Journal: BMJ (1994)

weeky consumption than 21 units.Common sense and scientific evidence suggest that some of these problems are more strongly associated with extreme consumption on single occasions than total consumption over a particular period (N Kreitman and J C Duffy, eighth annual alcohol epidemiology symposium, Helsinki, 1982).It might be argued that as there is no scientific basis for the limits of 21 and 14 units a week new scientific information can be regarded as irrelevant.Such an attitude is short sighted and ultimately counterproductive, allowing legitimate public health interests and health advocacy to be portrayed as either ill informed or incompetent.Greater public health gain might result from giving advice that is both coherent and credible.
Why vocal production of atypical sounds in apes and its cerebral correlates have a lot to say about the origin of language
Authors: Adrien Meguerditchian, Jared P. Taglialatela, David A. Leavens, William D. Hopkins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Ackermann et al. mention the “acquisition of species-atypical sounds” in apes without any discussion. In our commentary, we demonstrate that these atypical sounds in chimpanzees not only include laryngeal sounds, but also have a major significance regarding the origins of language, if we consider looking at their context of use, their social properties, their relations with gestures, their lateralization, and their neurofunctional correlates as well.
Abstract 9109: Incremental Prognostic Value of MDCT Findings for Predicting Symptomatic Deterioration and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Hiroto Utsunomiya, Hideya Yamamoto, Eiji Kunita, Yoji Urabe, Hiroshi Tsushima, Ken Ishibashi, Takayuki Hidaka, Noboru Oda, Yoshihiro Dohi, Kenji Nishioka, Satoshi Kurisu, Yukiko Nakano, Takafumi Ishida, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Currently, management of aortic stenosis (AS) is based on the presence of symptoms, disease severity (peak transaortic velocity; V peak ) and left ventricular (LV) function determined by echocardiography, and the concomitant coronary artery disease detected by cardiac catheterization. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) can provide a simultaneous evaluation of valvular morphology, ventricular function, and coronary anatomy. We sought to determine the prognostic value of MDCT findings in patients with AS and, in particular, the incremental prognostic value as compared with clinical symptoms and V peak . Methods: A total of 46 patients (74 ± 7 years; 61% women)with AS underwent echocardiography and 64-MDCT to evaluate aortic valve area (AVA), LV ejection fraction, LV mass index (LVMI), the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease, and aortic valve calcification score (AVCS). Patients were followed up as to symptomatic deterioration and major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, aortic valve replacement (AVR), and heart failure requiring hospitalization). Results: V peak averaged 3.53 ± 1.16 m/sec (range, 1.97 to 6.21 m/sec). During a mean follow-up of 21.8 ± 13.2 months, 21 events occurred in 19 patients (6 symptomatic deterioration, 3 cardiac death, 3 unstable angina, 6 AVR, and 3 heart failure). V peak measured by echocardiography showed a statistically significant incremental prognostic value as compared to baseline clinical symptoms (p = 0.006), whereas MDCT provided an additional incremental prognostic value as compared with baseline clinical symptoms plus V peak if considering both MDCT-derived AVA (per 0.1cm 2 decrease, HR [95%CI] 1.14 [1.01-1.28], p = 0.031; incremental value, p = 0.027), or better, MDCT-derived LVMI (per 1-SD increase, 2.04 [1.27-3.27], p = 0.003; incremental value, p = 0.006). Among cardiac MDCT findings, AVCS measured by non-contrast enhanced CT had the strongest incremental prognostic value (per 100 Agatston Unit increase, 1.21 [1.11-1.32], p &lt; 0.001; incremental value, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: MDCT provides independent and incremental prognostic information as compared to baseline clinical symptoms and echocardiographic V peak in patients with AS.
Efficacy of the long-pulsed 1064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (LPND) (rejuvenation mode) in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea (PPR): A pilot study of clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in 30 cases
Authors: Joo Hee Lee, Miri Kim, Jung Min Bae, Baik Kee Cho, Hyun Jeong Park
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Abstract 11848: Transplantation of Cell Sheets with Human iPS Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes and Vascular Cells for Infarcted Hearts: A Basic Study
Authors: Hidetoshi Masumoto, Akira Marui, Tadashi Ikeda, Tatsuya Shimizu, Teruo Okano, Ryuzo Sakata, Jun K Yamashita
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUNDS: To realize cardiac regeneration using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), efficient differentiation from hiPSCs to defined cardiac populations (cardiomyocytes [CMs]/ endothe...
An open-label, multicenter, phase II study of AT-101 in combination with rituximab (R) in patients with untreated, grade 1-2, follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (FL)
Authors: E. Kingsley, D. Richards, L. Garbo, R. Gersh, G. Robbins, L. Leopold, J. Brill, N. Di Bella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8582 Background: Bcl-2 family proteins are overexpressed in the majority of patients with FL and contribute to resistance to therapy. AT-101 is a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W, and Mcl-1) and potent inducer of proapoptotic proteins. It is active as a single agent and in combination with R in NHL tumor models. Methods: Patients with untreated FL who did not require immediate chemotherapy were eligible. Treatment consisted of an induction cycle of AT-101 (30mg po daily × 21) and R (375 mg/m 2 weekly × 4) followed by up to 4 maintenance cycles of AT-101 (30mg po daily × 21) and R (375 mg/m 2 ) every 8 weeks in nonprogressors. Endpoints evaluated the response rate (RR) at week 8 (primary), overall response rate (ORR), molecular response rate (BCL-2JH rearrangement in blood and bone marrow), and safety of the combination. A mini-Max, 2-stage design (52 pts planned) was used to detect &gt;70% RR with power of 90% and alpha of 0.10. Results: 23 pts enrolled: median age 64 yrs; FLIPI 0–5: 0%/17%/65%/13%/4%; Grade 1/2: 61%/39%; bulky disease (&gt;5cm 3 ): 35%; stage: 1–4 4%/4%/30%/61%; bone marrow + 48%. All pts received induction and 18 pts received 1 or more maintenance cycles. RR following induction was 26% (95%CI=10.2–48.4), 4% CR and the best ORR was 70% (95%CI=47.1–86.8), 35% CR. Molecular response analysis is ongoing. Grade 3/4 AEs that occurred in ≥2 pts: nausea 4(17%), vomiting 2(9%), abdominal pain 2(9%), fatigue 2(9%), and small bowel obstruction 2(9%). AT-101 was reduced to 20mg daily x 21 which improved GI tolerability. Conclusions: The combination of AT-101 and R was well tolerated. The week 8 RR did not meet statistical criteria to enroll stage II. The best ORR is at the upper limit of reported ORR for R alone; therefore a randomized trial is required to definitively determine activity of the combination. [Table: see text]
<i>JAMA Neurology</i>Clinical Challenge
Authors: Lawrence S. Honig, Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

JAMA Neurology has officially started its new journal feature, the Clinical Challenge. This section, which is under the editorship of Lawrence S. Honig, MD, PhD, had its first article published online March 30, 2015.1 This article type will be initially published 4 times per year, with a planned expansion to 6 times per year. The goal of this feature is to assist the busyphysicianwith a short but diagnostically challenging case, allowing the physician toneurologically reasontheanswer.Readerswillbechallengedtoarriveat thecorrectdiagnosis for thecase fromasmall dataset, including case narratives and imaging. Readers will see a short clinical synopsis and relevant images and laboratory information, permitting them to exercise their diagnostic skills. The correct diagnostic answerwill not simply be the thought of the physician author but will, in all cases, be a definitive diagnosiswith confirmationby genetic, laboratory, or biopsy or autopsy pathological information. The feature will be published online, allowing the physician to take the challenge and then have immediate access to the answer, the actual diagnosis, and an accompanying brief discussion of how itwas reasonable to come to that diagnosis from the case synopsis. In the online version, the physician will be able to see, as in prior online quizzes, which answers colleagues favored. In the print version, the answer and discussion will be available toward the end of the pages in the same journal issue. The overall format of this section will continue to be like that of its online quiz predecessor, the successful feature, What is Your Diagnosis?, which was published only in online form on a quarterly basis from January 2011 through July 2014. The Clinical Challenge is the successor to this feature but is an integral journal section, alternatively viewable interactively online from a computer or mobile device or in the print version of the journal. It will be indexed like other articles. JAMA Neurology invites the submission of papers to this section. Any submission should include a maximum of as many as 3 authors and should adhere to the following format: an introductory paragraph introducing and describing the clinical case (nomore than 250 words); 1 to 3 figures including imaging, electrophysiological, and/or other laboratory data; 4 multiple choice potential answers for diagnosis; and a paragraph of discussion (no more than 600 words) disclosing the correct diagnosis and including as many as 10 references. We invite papers through the standard JAMA Neurology submissions process and anticipate a rapid review and publication process. All JAMA Neurology Clinical Challenges will be included intheJAMANetworkChallenge,apeer-reviewedmedicalgame provided forwide circulation. Access can be reached through the following link: http://mobile.jamanetwork.com/challenge .html. Instructions to authors for guidelines in preparing the Clinical Challenge can be found at: http://archneur .jamanetwork.com/public/instructionsForAuthors.aspx #SecJAMANeurologyClinicalChallenge.
Ego Defense Patterns in Manic-Depressive Illness
Authors: STEVEN L. ABLON, GABRIELLE A. CARLSON, FREDERICK K. GOODWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors studied ego defense patterns longitudinally in 36 hospitalized manic-depressive patients using the Ego Profile Scale. Hypochondriacal and somatization defense patterns were found to be more prominent in unipolar patients at times of stress, whereas in bipolar patients an increase in these defenses often signaled an imminent change in affective state—especially the switch out of mania. Increased tolerance of anxiety appeared to correlate with better prognosis.
The ladder of truth: The story of a mother and her son
Authors: O. McKendrick
Journal: BMJ (1999)

intervene.Monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation, expired carbon dioxide tensions, heart rhythm, temperature, and arterial pressure should be continuous.As non-invasive measurement of blood pressure is affected by movement, intra-arterial monitoring is recommended.Transfer should be undertaken smoothly and not at high speed.A record must be maintained during transfer.Despite careful preparation unforeseen clinical emergencies may occur; the vehicle should then be stopped at the first safe opportunity to facilitate patient management.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition with meloxicam in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: T. Takahashi, S. Ueda, M. Ebisawa, G. Asai, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7282 Background:COX-2 is overexpressed in NSCLC, and COX-2 promotes tumor growth through the production of prostaglandins (PGs). Meloxicam, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits the growth of COX-2 positive lung cancer cells in vitro (Anticancer Res. 20:2867, 2000). Paclitaxel is known to induce COX-2, and induction of COX-2 will decrease the efficacy of paclitaxel itself. Neuropathic pain is a serious problem after paclitaxel administration, and COX-2 in infiltrating inflammatory cells in injured nerve plays an important role in the maintenance of neuropathic pain after nerve injury (Neuroscience. 121:691, 2003). We conducted this study to evaluate the hypothesis that the addition of meloxicam to paclitaxel/carboplatin will enhance the response and reduce the severity of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.Methods:Eligibility criteria included stage IIIB or IV NSCLC, no previous chemotherapy, adequate organ function, and ECOG PS 0–2. Paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 6) was administered on day 1 every 3–4 weeks, and meloxicam (10mg/day ) was administered orally once a day from day 0. Results:From June to October 2003, 25 eligible patients were treated: gender M/F; 13/12, median age; 65yrs (45–74), stage IIIB / IV; 7 / 18, PS 0 / 1 / 2; 7 / 16 / 2, histology AD/SQ; 19 / 6, number of treatment courses 1/2/3/4; 2/3/10/10. The overall response rate (RR) was 44% (11/25) and 12 of 25 had stable disease. Grade3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 22 patients (88%), but only 2 (8%) developed neutropenic fever. Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy occurred in only one patient (4%) after repeated administration of paclitaxel and carboplatin.Conclusions:The addition of meloxican could enhance the reponse to paclitaxel/carboplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC ( in comparison with Japanese historical RR; 33%, ASCO 2003 #2509), and reduce the severity of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.