tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fashionable and Objectionably Fashionable
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The word "fashions" first brings to mind the things people wear or don't wear. Some such fashions are whims of the wearers. For example, ornate necklaces, affected by America's first inhabitants, were adopted by mountain men of the 18th century, later became bolos in the western United States, and then moved east in less attractive form. Now men wear neckties again. Beards and hair styles are other examples. Other fashions in attire come and go, influenced by profit motives of designers. Lapels on men's jackets become wide, then narrow, then wide again. Neckties are equally unstable as to width, and bow ties are in and out and in once more. Ladies' hemlines follow an elevator principle; they go up and down on a schedule influenced by the push of a button. There are also fashions in use of words. For instance, slang expressions appear according to whim or need. Some
Polycythemia and Hypernephroma
Authors: Walter G. Frey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS is a study of a sixty-three-year-old man who manifested symptoms thought to be due to polycythemia vera, who was found to have an associated hypernephroma, and who is now symptom free, without evidence of polycythemia twenty months after nephrectomy.The association of polycythemia and hypernephroma has been frequently noted in textbooks and by clinicians. On review of the literature, however, only 20 such cases were found. In several of these, the kidney tumor was not confirmed by operation or autopsy. In only a few of the reported cases have studies of arterial oxygen saturation been performed to rule out . . .
Dual-Contrast Molecular Imaging Allows Noninvasive Characterization of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Coronary Vessel Occlusion in Mice by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Dominik von Elverfeldt, Alexander Maier, Daniel Duerschmied, Moritz Braig, Thilo Witsch, Xiaowei Wang, Maximilian Mauler, Irene Neudorfer, Marius Menza, Marco Idzko, Andreas Zirlik, Timo Heidt, Peter Bronsert, Christoph Bode, Karlheinz Peter, Constantin von zur Muhlen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Inflammation and myocardial necrosis play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury after coronary artery occlusion and recanalization. The detection of inflammatory activity and the extent of myocardial necrosis itself are of great clinical and prognostic interest. We developed a dual, noninvasive imaging approach using molecular magnetic resonance imaging in an in vivo mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 10-week-old C57BL/6N mice by temporary ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Activated platelets were targeted with a contrast agent consisting of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIOs) conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) on activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (LIBS-MPIOs). After injection and imaging of LIBS-MPIOs, late gadolinium enhancement was used to depict myocardial necrosis; these imaging experiments were also performed in P2Y12 (-/-) mice. All imaging results were correlated to immunohistochemistry findings. Activated platelets were detectable by magnetic resonance imaging via a significant signal effect caused by LIBS-MPIOs in the area of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion 2 hours after reperfusion. In parallel, late gadolinium enhancement identified the extent of myocardial necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that LIBS-MPIOs bound significantly to microthrombi in reperfused myocardium. Only background binding was found in P2Y12 (-/-) mice.Dual molecular imaging of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury allows characterization of platelet-driven inflammation by LIBS-MPIOs and myocardial necrosis by late gadolinium enhancement. This noninvasive imaging strategy is of clinical interest for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes and highlights the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing ischemia/reperfusion injury.
HIV Treatment as Prevention: Modelling the Cost of Antiretroviral Treatment—State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Gesine Meyer-Rath, Mead Over
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Policy discussions about the feasibility of massively scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce HIV transmission and incidence hinge on accurately projecting the cost of such scale-up in comparison to the benefits from reduced HIV incidence and mortality. We review the available literature on modelled estimates of the cost of providing ART to different populations around the world, and suggest alternative methods of characterising cost when modelling several decades into the future. In past economic analyses of ART provision, costs were often assumed to vary by disease stage and treatment regimen, but for treatment as prevention, in particular, most analyses assume a uniform cost per patient. This approach disregards variables that can affect unit cost, such as differences in factor prices (i.e., the prices of supplies and services) and the scale and scope of operations (i.e., the sizes and types of facilities providing ART). We discuss several of these variables, and then present a worked example of a flexible cost function used to determine the effect of scale on the cost of a proposed scale-up of treatment as prevention in South Africa. Adjusting previously estimated costs of universal testing and treatment in South Africa for diseconomies of small scale, i.e., more patients being treated in smaller facilities, adds 42% to the expected future cost of the intervention.
Intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction
Authors: P C Hayes, G H Love, J A Tulloch
Journal: BMJ (1982)

blood pressure.This dramatic situation was reversed with heart massage and dopamine.Tachycardic rhythm disturbance in the acute phase of myocardial infarction certainly needs immediate reversion, but the hypotension or shock that may be induced by intravenous administration of amiodarone more seriously jeopardises myocardial perfusion and the patient's recovery.The authors strongly recommend that amiodarone should not be used by the intravenous route.
Abstract 4920: Integrative identification of stochastically activated signaling sub-networks in individual cancer cells
Authors: Iadevaia Sergio, Prahlad Ram
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Traditional studies on signal transduction are focused on measuring the average levels of proteins in populations of isogenic cells to determine the regulatory properties of cell signaling networks and design effective intervention strategies for cancer therapy. However, the average protein levels measured in populations of cells may be quite different from the protein levels measured in individual cells. Signaling differentiation in individual cells is often associated with stochastic events that may activate different cellular sub-networks at different times to generate diverse responses. It is therefore critical to elucidate these stochastic events to design therapeutic interventions that may effectively inhibit abnormal signaling sub-networks in individual cells. In this work, we analyzed the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling network in the MDA-MB468 breast cancer cell line and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling network in the MBA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. We measured the average changes in the phosphorylation of proteins after EGF or IGF-1 stimulation using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA). We developed a detailed mathematical model to predict the deterministic and stochastic dynamics of EGF and IGF-1 signaling networks. We used particle swarm optimization to train the deterministic model to predict the average transient changes in the phosphorylation of proteins measured by RPPA and infer the unknown model parameters. Using the estimated model parameters, we implemented the stochastic model to predict the transient changes in the phosphorylation of proteins in individual cells. The modeling results showed that protein phosphorylation in individual cells could attain levels that were several fold higher or lower that those attained by the average cell in the population. We used a multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to measure the distribution in the phosphorylation of protein after EGF or IGF-1 stimulation and experimentally validate the modeling predictions. We finally compared the overall signal transduction of individual cells whose protein phosphorylation attained higher and lower levels to computationally identify cellular sub-networks that were differentially activated. The integrative approach described here is therefore a useful tool for computationally predicting the stochastic events responsible for signaling differentiation in individual cells and optimizing experimental intervention strategies for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4920. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4920
P17.79 * A MELANOMA-ASTROCYTOMA SYNDROME ASSOCIATED TO A CONSTITUTIVE MICRODUPLICATION ON 5P15.33, CONTAINING THE TERT GENE
Authors: M. Servida, F. Sciacca, R. Paterra, G. Finocchiaro
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome (OMIM #155755) is characterized by association of cutaneous malignant melanoma and tumors of central nervous system, generally astrocytomas. The deletion of tumor-suppressor genes on chromosomal region 9p21 (p15/CDKN2B, p16/CDKN2A and p14/ARF) is often reported in families with hereditary predisposition to melanoma and nervous system tumors. We describe a family including a patient with history of melanoma and low grade glioma not associated with mutation on 9 chromosome. The proband is a 40 year old woman who underwent surgery for a cervical cutaneous melanoma. After 4 months, during oncological follow-up, an asymptomatic, left frontal cerebral lesion was detected and subsequently excised. Histopathology indicated a WHO grade II oligoastrocytoma, with 1p/19q deletion and mutation of IDH1 (PCR). In her family there is another case of malignant melanoma (grandfather) and two cases of multiple cutaneus basaliomas (mother and her 33 year-old sister). Array-CGH on lymphocyte DNA was performed, using Cytochip ISCA 4 x 180K platform (Bluegnome). This study revealed the presence of a 1.2 Mb microduplication on 5p15.33, including telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. The same duplication was found in the mother DNA. TERT is up-regulated in a variety of human cancers, including melanomas and gliomas. Among gliomas, TERT point mutations, associated to increased expression of the gene, were found in 80% of primary glioblastomas and 78% of oligodendrogliomas. To our knowledge this is the first report of melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome associated to amplification on 5p15.33. Interestingly, genome wide association studies have found rs2736100, also located on 5p15.33, as a susceptibility locus for gliomas.
A comparison of a new transtelephonic portable spirometer with a laboratory spirometer
Authors: G Izbicki, S. Abboud, P Jordan, A.p Perruchoud, C.t Bolliger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The Spirophone is a new, portable transtelephonic spirometer which records the slow and the forced expiratory vital capacity tests. Data can be transmitted via the telephone to a remote receiving centre, where a volume-time curve and the flow-volume curve are displayed on screen in real time. The aim of this study was to compare the newly developed transtelephonic spirometer, with a laboratory spirometer according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) testing guidelines. Spirometry indices (slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75% of FVC (FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75, respectively)) were measured from the SVC and the FVC tests in 45 subjects (30 patients, 15 healthy volunteers) according to the ATS standards. The data obtained with the laboratory system were compared to those from the Spirophone. The Spirophone measurements of SVC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75 correlated closely (r=0.91-0.98) to those from the laboratory system, whereas FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75 were significantly higher with the Spirophone. It is concluded that the Spirophone is comparable to the standard spirometry for home monitoring of slow vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow. The validity of the manoeuvre can be assessed on screen in real time.
Relationship of the Number of Removed Lymph Nodes to Bladder Cancer and Competing Mortality After Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Michael Froehner, Vladimir Novotny, Ulrike Heberling, Lydia Rutsch, Rainer J. Litz, Matthias Hübler, Rainer Koch, Gustavo B. Baretton, Manfred P. Wirth
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Best Acne Treatment Elusive
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhancement of the antiaggregatory activity of prostacyclin by propranolol in human platelets.
Authors: K S Callahan, A R Johnson, W B Campbell
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol has been found to inhibit platelet aggregation. We investigated the possibility that propranolol exerts this action by stimulating the synthesis or enhancing the antiaggregatory activity of prostaglandin (PG) I2. The media from cultures of human endothelial cells inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, an effect attributed to PGI2 production by the cells. When endothelial cells were incubated with dl- or d-propranolol, the media had two to three times the inhibitory activity of control media. However, this increased activity was not due to increased synthesis of PGI2 because control and propranolol-treated cultures synthesized similar amounts of the PGI2 metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Instead, propranolol enhanced the antiaggregatory activity of PGI2. Propranolol (1 microM) and PGI2 (0.05 nM), when tested separately, inhibited aggregation by 19% and 13%, respectively, whereas the combination inhibited aggregation by 51%. PGI2 inhibited platelet aggregation and thromboxane (Tx) B2 production but stimulated cyclic AMP formation. The adenyl cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) had no effect of its own on these parameters, but blocked the actions of PGI2. Propranolol inhibited aggregation and TxB2 synthesis without changing cyclic AMP levels. Unlike PGI2, propranolol's effects were not altered by DDA. While the combination of propranolol and PGI2 inhibited aggregation to a greater extent than either agent alone, this enhanced effect with the combination did not extend to TxB2 or cyclic AMP production. Propranolol, PGI2, and the combination inhibited TxB2 synthesis to a similar extent, and PGI2 produced a similar increase in cyclic AMP in the presence and absence of propranolol. These findings indicate that propranolol and PGI2 inhibit platelet aggregation through cyclic AMP-independent and dependent mechanisms, respectively. While propranolol does not alter the synthesis of PGI2, it enhances the inhibition of aggregation by PGI2, and this may contribute to its antiplatelet effect.
Tobacco firms move to stop FDA banning menthol cigarettes
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Two US tobacco companies have filed a lawsuit against the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to try to stop it taking on board the imminent report of an advisory panel which may recommend a ban on menthol cigarettes.

Lorillard Inc and RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company filed the suit in the US district court for the District of Columbia, alleging bias and conflicts of interest among members of the panel.

The companies allege that three doctors who are members of the tobacco products scientific advisory committee have …
Standards for Levothyroxine Preparations
Authors: Arvin P. Shroff
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Jacobson and coworkers (243:733, 1980) recently presented their experience on the nonequality of two thyroxine preparations. They demonstrated that the 100-μg tablets from Letter and Synthroid were physiologically nonbioequivalent and therefore should not be dispensed interchangeably. We sympathize with their observations from a drug quality viewpoint. The nonequivalence of various thyroxine preparations may stem from the fact that different firms are using raw material (levothyroxine sodium) of different particle size during the manufacturing process. Because of the low solubility of levothyroxine sodium, some firms are employing micronization techniques to enhance solubility, whereas others are using raw material with larger particle size that complies with the requirements of the<i>United States Pharmacopeia</i>. These differences may appear to be minor in nature; however, in this product they have a significant effect on the bioavailability of the active material. The current<i>USP</i>recognizes the effect of particle size on bioavailability;
Progressive tracheobronchial polychondritis: need for early diagnosis.
Authors: J B Neilly, J H Winter, R D Stevenson
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Tracheobronchial chondritis is an unusual presenting fea- ture of relapsing polychondritis carrying a poor prognosis.'We report a case of rapidly progressive tracheobronchial chondritis leading to tracheal collapse within two months of presentation that emphasises the need for early diagnosis and treatment.
Hemostatic effects of hormonal stimulation in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Hamid Al‐Mondhiry, Andrea Manni, John Owen, Robert Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Hemostatic abnormalities are common in patients with metastatic malignancy and are attributed, in part, to materials secreted by tumor cells. Tumor stimulation might therefore cause further perturbation of hemostasis. This article reports observations on the effects of androgen stimulation on multiple hemostatic parameters in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Testosterone was given before chemotherapy in an experimental protocol designed to increase tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. The following parameters were measured on day 0 (before) and days 2 and 4 of fluoxymesterone administration: PT, APTT, platelet count, plasma betathromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) split products (FSP), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), antithrombin III (AT III), and protein C antigen (PC). Ten patients were studied during 17 cycles of hormonal stimulation. Baseline levels of BTG, PF4, fibrinogen, FSP, factor VIII C, vWF Ag, and FPA were significantly elevated compared with normal control. Although androgen stimulation resulted in elevation of BTG, FPA, and FSP levels by day 4 in many patients, the changes for the entire group were not statistically significant. Other parameters remained unchanged or were only slightly elevated. Two patients developed laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) but were clinically unaffected. Our data suggest that most patients with metastatic prostate cancer show evidence of ongoing activation of platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. In a few individual patients, androgen stimulation of this hormonally dependent tumor may cause further activation of platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.
Investigating mildly abnormal serum aminotransferase values
Authors: J. F. L. Cobbold, Q. M. Anstee, H. C. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Granulomatous muscle disease is most commonly seen in sarcoidosis, but may be seen in association with a wide variety of other disorders or in isolation. Patients with granulomatous myositis usually present with slowly progressive muscle pain and weakness affecting mainly proximal muscles. There are, however, a few reports of granulomatous muscle disease presenting with flexion contractures of the limbs. Two further patients with granulomatous muscle disease and flexion contractures of the limbs, but with no evidence of systemic granulomatous disease, is presented. It is suggested that such patients represent a separate clinical entity that is distinct from idiopathic granulomatous myositis presenting with muscle pain and weakness. The association of contracturing granulomatous myositis with a long-standing vasculitis in one patient suggests that the two conditions may be related.
Dominant-negative effect of the heterozygous C104R TACI mutation in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Authors: Lilit Garibyan, Adrian A. Lobito, Richard M. Siegel, Matthew E. Call, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) who are heterozygous for transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) mutation C104R, which abolishes ligand binding, fail to produce Igs in response to TACI ligand. It is not known whether this is due to haploinsufficiency or dominant interference. Using in vitro transfection assays, here we demonstrate that C104R and the corresponding murine TACI mutant, C76R, which also does not bind ligand, dominantly interfere with TACI signaling. This effect was dependent on preassociation of the mutants with WT TACI in the absence of ligand. The mutants did not interfere with ligand binding by WT TACI, suggesting that they may act by disrupting ligand-induced receptor rearrangement and signaling. This work demonstrates that TACI preassembles as an oligomeric complex prior to ligand binding and provides a mechanistic insight into how the heterozygous C104R TACI mutation can potentially lead to CVID.
Data for evaluating drugs is often poor, say experts
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Evidence based medicine is moving from relatively simple questions about a drug's safety and effectivenesss to thornier questions of relative clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness, international experts agreed at a meeting last week. The experts, from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany, had assembled to discuss these issues with congressional and policy staff in Washington, DC.

“While there is a lot of data out there, unfortunately it is often very poor,” said Dr Peter Littlejohns, director of the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. …