tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
106. Measles Virus Host Defense Evasion Proteins V and C Have Also Transcription Modulation and Infectivity Factor Functions
Authors: Patricia Devaux, Warangkhana Songsungthong, Christoph Springfeld, Veronika von Messling, Roberto Cattaneo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Paramyxoviruses are not only promising new agents for cancer therapy but also accomplished pathogens. Since their success is based on the evasion of host defense mechanisms often defective in transformed cells, inactivation of their host control functions may enhance oncolytic specificity. Host defense evasion functions of paramyxoviruses including measles virus (MV) are linked to their V and C proteins. These proteins are coded on reading frames overlapping with that of the essential polymerase cofactor P, and have multiple functions. We have set up 1) to produce recombinant MV with selectively ablated V or C proteins and 2) to verify the effects of V and C protein ablation on host defense evasion activities and other functions.
A Federal Legislator's View of the Future Financing of Medical Schools
Authors: John E. Fogarty
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IT IS A PRIVILEGE to address this Congress, a group which has unique responsibilities for assuring that this nation has enough physicians. At this point in time, the general topic of these meetings—<i>The Influences of Extramural Financial Support on Medical Schools</i>—is directly linked to the matter which I wish to discuss—the future financing of medical schools. Both of these matters are extremely complex, and in detail they can be dealt with only by professional experts. But when they are examined in terms of broad national needs and goals, the essentials of the problem for the ordinary citizen and for the legislator are clear. I should like to make clear what are to me the most important of these needs and goals. Unless there is reasonable agreement on these fundamentals, there can be little profitable discussion of means of attaining the goals. <h3>Need for Physicians</h3> First of all, this
A Rational Approach to the Patient With Cancer
Authors: S. L. Luedke, D. W. Luedke
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1980)

Acquisition of an adequate data base is essential to the management of the cancer patient. Staging systems currently in use are not applicable to the patient having either advanced disease or a complicating illness. We have found it useful to organize our approach to cancer patients by asking a series of eight questions. Such a structured approach helps to focus on critical aspects of the patient's cancer and any complicating illness, as well as gather a necessary data base. In so doing, it provides for maximum flexibility at the time of therapeutic decision-making.
Endosonography Probe-Guided Endoscopic Resection of Small Flat Rectal Carcinoid Tumor Using Band Ligation Technique
Authors: K. Akahoshi, T. Fujimaru, K. Nakanishi, N. Harada, H. Nawata
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 2Subsequent endosonography using a 12-MHz ultrasound miniprobe (SP-701; Fujinon, Omiya, Japan) demonstrated a hypoechoic solid tumor (arrow) in the superficial submucosa (sm).
Metallothionein in the extracellular fluids as an index of cadmium toxicity.
Authors: Z A Shaikh, K Hirayama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

In rats injected with 5 micron mole CdCl2/kg, 5 days/week, metallothionein was detected in plasma by gel filtration chromatography as early as four weeks. The mean renal concentration of cadmium was 80 microgram/g. The excretion of cadmium in urine at this time was rather low and amounted to 0.01% of the total dose. The amount of metallothionein in plasma, as determined by 109Cd-binding to the 10,000 molecular weight fraction, increased markedly during week 14. Its excretion in urine, however, did not start until about 10 weeks, when the cadmium concentration in kidney approached a mean value of 212 microgram/g. Signs of renal toxicity were evident from glucosuria and proteinuria which became severe during the next four weeks. The excretion of cadmium in urine increased markedly and the majority of it was in the form of metallothionein. It is suggested that the appearance of metallothionein in plasma and urine can be used as specific indices of cadmium poisoning and that the assay of the protein in these fluids may be useful in screening for excessive cadmium exposure.
A Case of Aspirin Poisoning
Authors: A. D. Charters
Journal: BMJ (1944)

morale and of personal drive, resulting in the inevitable appearance of more serious neurotic symptoms.The returning prisoner of war is ill equipped for the difficult period of readjustment.He is temporarily without the sheet- anchor of his daily routine, he has laid aside his habits of recreational relaxation, and he has lost the art of working for his living.With these handicaps he must readjust himself to his return to normal life.Should domestic trouble and unemployment further burden him he may succumb to his adversities and relinquish the struggle.It is reasonable to suppose that at this point a little help from someone who understands the position may be of great assistance.Where, when, and how to apply this aid is a difficult problem.The ex-prisoner on returning to his home country has one main object in view-to reach his home as quickly as possible.Any form of assistance which prolonged the time between disembarkation and his arrival home would be doomed to failure.It would lack a vital factor-i.e., the recipient's co-operation.Similarly, except in a special atmosphere, any massing together
Surgery and the Public's Health
Authors: David R. Flum, John L. Zeller, Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Value of Robotically Assisted Surgery for Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Tomislav Mihaljevic, Marijan Koprivanac, Marta Kelava, Avi Goodman, Craig Jarrett, Sarah J. Williams, A. Marc Gillinov, Gurjyot Bajwa, Stephanie L. Mick, Johannes Bonatti, Eugene H. Blackstone
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The value of robotically assisted surgery for mitral valve disease is questioned because the high cost of care associated with robotic technology may outweigh its clinical benefits.To investigate conditions under which benefits of robotically assisted surgery mitigate high technology costs.Clinical cohort study at a large multispecialty academic medical center comparing costs of robotically assisted surgery with 3 contemporaneous conventional surgical approaches for degenerative mitral valve disease. From January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2010, a total of 1290 patients with a mean (SD) age of 57 (11) years underwent mitral valve repair for regurgitation from posterior leaflet prolapse. Robotically assisted surgery was performed in 473 patients, complete sternotomy in 227, partial sternotomy in 349, and anterolateral thoracotomy in 241. Comparisons were based on intent to treat, with 3 propensity-matched groups formed based on demographics, symptoms, cardiac and noncardiac comorbidities, valve pathophysiologic disorders, and echocardiographic measurements: robotic vs sternotomy (198 pairs) vs partial sternotomy (293 pairs) vs thoracotomy (224 pairs).Mitral valve repair.Cost of care (expressed as robotic capital investment, maintenance of equipment, and direct technical hospital costs) and benefit of care (based on differences in recovery time).Cost of care (median [15th and 85th percentiles]) for robotically assisted surgery exceeded that of alternative approaches by 26.8% (-5.3% and 67.9%), 32.1% (-6.1% and 69.6%), and 20.7% (-2.4% and 48.4%) for complete sternotomy, partial sternotomy, and anterolateral thoracotomy, respectively. Higher operative costs were partially offset by lower postoperative costs and earlier return to work: a median (15th and 85th percentiles) of 35 (19 and 63) days for robotically assisted surgery, 49 (21 and 109) days for complete sternotomy, 56 (30 and 119) days for partial sternotomy, and 42 (18 and 90) days for anterolateral thoracotomy. Resulting net differences (median [15th and 85th percentiles]) in the cost of robotic surgery vs the 3 alternatives were 15.6% (-14.7% and 55.1%), 15.7% (-19.4% and 51.2%), and 14.8% (-7.4% and 43.6%), respectively. Beyond a volume threshold of 55 to 100 robotically assisted operations per year, distribution of the cost of this technology broadly overlapped those of conventional approaches.In exchange for higher procedural costs, robotically assisted surgery for mitral valve repair offers the clinical benefit of least-invasive surgery, lowest postoperative cost, and fastest return to work. The value of robotically assisted surgery that is similar to that of conventional approaches can be realized only in high-volume centers.
85 IL28B GENETIC STATUS IN ASSOCIATION WITH HCV SPECIFIC T-CELL IMMUNITY
Authors: C. Bucci, M. Rahman, I. Humphreys, A.C. Brown, M. Lucas, K. Pfafferott, J. Collier, D. O'Donnell, E. Stafford, P. Klenerman, S. Gaudieri, E. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The effects of cyclosporin A on T lymphocyte and dendritic cell sub-populations in psoriasis
Authors: BARBARA S. BAKER, C.E.M. GRIFFITHS, S. LAMBERT, A.V. POWLES, J.N. LEONARD, H. VALDIMARSSON, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Sequential skin biopsies from six patients with severe psoriasis were studied during treatment with cyclosporin. Four of the patients cleared completely and the remaining two showed a marked improvement. A subset of dendritic cells, HLA‐DR+ but lacking the T6 antigen characteristically expressed by Langerhans cells (DR+ 6‐), was observed in lesional epidermis. They disappeared during treatment, before clinical improvement was apparent and at a rate which correlated with clearance of psoriasis. These cells were not found in normal or uninvolved psoriatic epidermis and their number in lesional skin appeared to be related to the clinical severity of the disease. Total numbers of CD4 and CD8, and HLA‐DR+ CD8 T cells were substantially reduced in both epidermis and dermis prior to clinical improvement. In contrast, there was generally no decrease in the number of HLA‐DR + CD4 T cells in the epidermis during resolution, whereas these cells were reduced by an average of 68% in the dermis. The beneficial effects of cyclosporin in psoriasis further support the hypothesis that T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The cellular changes observed in the skin during cyclosporin treatment may help to elucidate the effects of this drug on immunoregulatory mechanisms in man.
Changing Values for the Normal Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test
Authors: Samuel Sostre
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The article on radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) by Wong and Schultz (238:1741, 1977) suggests that in spite of recent reports by other authors 1 of decreasing RAIU values, these have actually increased in their community during the past five years. When in 1971 their mean normal RAIU value was 11.5% ±4.4%, it had increased to 20.5% ±6.1% by 1975. This observation is more interesting to us at this time, as we have just completed a study evaluating the RAIU in euthyroid patients during the past ten years. Our study was performed at a US Air Force medical center where the population originates from virtually every state in the nation. In addition, this population is very mobile, presumably not being influenced by local geographic and dietary factors to the same extent as a civilian community.  There were 1,575 euthyroid patients who had 24-hour RAIU performed between the years 1967
Granulomatous Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Laura J. Mechanic
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Granulomatous lesions are occasionally found in the lymphoid or solid organs of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Objective: To examine the clinical and immunologic conditions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency who have granulomas. Design: Case series. Setting: Large tertiary care medical center. Patients: 17 hypogammaglobulinemic patients with common variable immunodeficiency whose organ or tissue biopsy samples contained noncaseating granulomas. Measurements: Results of lymphocyte function tests. Results: Eight of 17 patients had granulomas at some point before hypogammaglobulinemia was diagnosed. Sixteen of the 17 had deficient T-cell proliferation to mitogens. Although 14 patients received standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, they have had substantial illness, including frequent autoimmune disease. Conclusions: Dysregulated T-cell function or macrophage activation may have been involved in formation of granulomas and increased illness in hypogammaglobulinemic patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Delay in recognition of antibody deficiency may have contributed to the severity of illness in these patients.
Osler's Textbook Revisited: Reprint of Selected Sections With Commentaries
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The very name of Osler exerts a magic which brings back into focus a great physician and a great humanist. Outstanding among his medical achievements was his famous textbook. While very few presentday physicians want to read out-of-date textbooks, quite a few may want to dip into one written by Osier. For those who want to savor his medical experience, Appleton-Century-Crofts have reprinted selections from the seventh edition (1909), the last one which Osler wrote without collaboration. The editors have furnished a short introduction which provides some interesting information on the actual writing of the book and its subsequent course. The new volume reprints 17 chapters from Osler, including those on typhoid fever, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, and angina pectoris. For each chapter the editors have selected a prominent specialist to write a short commentary. The book will probably receive highly favorable reviews in the medical journals,
Fortnightly review: Diagnosis and treatment of Meniere's disease
Authors: S. R Saeed
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In 1861 Prosper Meniere described a syndrome characterised by deafness, tinnitus, and episodic vertigo. Contrary to the thinking at that time, he correctly thought that the condition was a disorder of the inner ear.1 In 1938 the principal underlying pathology, endolymphatic hydrops, was described by Hallpike and Cairns (fig 1),2 but the precise aetiology of Meniere's disease still remains elusive. This fact, coupled with the capricious behaviour of the disease and the clinically important response to placebo treatment, has aroused controversy about its management and has plagued the scientific evaluation of the results of the various treatments used.



Fig 1 
Histological section of the cochlea showing distension of the scala media (sm) due to endolymphatic hydrops. Note that the basal turn has been spared. Reproduced from Hawke and Jahn3 with permission



#### Summary points

The aetiology of Meniere's disease is multifactorial but the relation between these factors and the development of the disease remains unknown

Distension of the endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear may be due to otological or systemic disorders and is the constant pathological finding

This condition can be diagnosed on clinical grounds and simple audiometry. Secondary endolymphatic hydrops and space occupying lesions of the cerebellopontine angle need to be excluded

The relapsing-remitting nature of the disorder, response to placebo, and undetermined aetiology have plagued scientific attempts to evaluate treatments

Around three quarters of patients respond to medical treatment or enter a state of prolonged remission. For the rest, surgery aims to control the disabling vertigo

Bilateral Meniere's disease remains a therapeutic challenge

Over the years, a vast literature has accumulated on Meniere's disease. I have based this article on information gained from three sources.

The first was a Medline search from 1966 to 1997, which yielded nearly 2000 references using the text word “Meniere's” and 546 citations …
478. Novel Gene Delivery System of Sendai Virus Vector-Transduced Human Peripheral Monocytes
Authors: Tomoko Tanaka, Kashiya Takasugi, Ryo Kurita, Takafumi Nakamura, Makoto Inoue, Mamoru Hasegawa, Fumiko Ono, Keiji Terao, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Extensive monocytes extravasation is seen in infection sites, inflamed tissue and tumor tissues and exhibit a tissue-specific range of functions including phagocytosis, antigen presentation to T cells, and the release of a wide array of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes and nitrogen species. As monocytes have natural tropism to such tissues in each disease condition, these cells can be used as novel gene delivery system to cure the condition. On the other hand, as monocytes are quiescent cells, available gene transfer vectors are limited. Sendai virus (SeV) belonging to the Genus Respirovirus infects and multiplies its genome copy in most mammalian cells, and it has recently been used for the gene therapy vectors, SeV vectors (SeVV), for somatic gene therapy. This vector that expresses high-level of transgene does not have a DNA phase during its life cycle, so it does not need to be concerned about the transformation of cells by integration of vector materials into the host chromosomes, the genotoxicity-free nature. Thus, we used SeVV for gene transfer into monocytes. We first of all studied the gene transduction efficiency of SeVV into human peripheral blood CD 14 positive monocytes using GFP gene as a marker. About 82% of monocytes became GFP positive, whereas only 23% of lymphocytes and 1.8% of granulocytes became positive. The transduction efficiency was peaked at M.O.I.=1. The expression level was at least preserved for 16 hours in vitro. To do the in vivo preclinical experiments, we also transduced cDNA of GFP or GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) into the peripheral monocytes of Macaca fascicularis monkey and high level expression of these genes were obtained. In vitro monocyte function after gene transduction are now under investigation. SeVV is considered to be promising gene transfer vector for primate monocytes.
Abstract 74: Differential regulation of Erk signaling by mitochondrial superoxide controls the metastatic potential of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Hanqing Ye, Nadine Hempel, Erin Moore, Badar Mian, Juan A. Melendez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Microarray profiling and analysis of in vivo-selected metastatic bladder cancer has revealed a strong association between manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) expression and invasiveness. However, whether increased Sod2 expression contributes to progression from transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) to invasive bladder cancer has not been established. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the impact of Sod2 overexpression on invasive and migratory properties of two distinct TCC cell lines (UC3 and UC6). Sod2 overexpression increased wound healing and matrigel transwell migration of UC6 while inhibiting these activities in the UC3 cell line. Increases or decreases in invasiveness were accompanied by parallel shifts in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and VEGF. The opposing effects of Sod2 on TCC invasion and the secretory phenotype were associated with differential Erk activation. Sod2-dependent suppression of Erk activation and MMP-1 expression was reversed by EGF activation in UC3 cells while Erk inhibition blocked the Sod2-mediated elevation in ERK activity, MMP-1 and VEGF levels. Activation or inhibition of Erk by Sod2 in the UC6 and UC3 cell lines, respectively, was driven by superoxide (O2−.) and not H2O2. Increasing mitochondrial superoxide by treatments with complex I or III inhibitors reversed the effects of Sod2 overexpression in both cell lines. Sod2-dependent inhibition of invasion in vitro was associated with impairment in growth of orthotopically implanted tumors. These findings unveil distinct redox regulated attributes of TCC that participate in controlling their invasiveness both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have identified the ERK signaling network as a primary target for controlling divergent tumorigenic responses to Sod2 overexpression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 74.
Disinfectants for use in hospials.
Authors: J. C. Kelsey
Journal: BMJ (1965)

JOURNAII agree with Dr. Todd that aspirin may well have been a proper drug to prescribe for the " subjects " that he questioned.He tells us that, as a profession, our fault is not the failure to give treatment, but the giving of too much treatment." Steroids, chloroquine, gold, and phenylbutazone are all dangerous drugs which should be reserved for the severely afflicted but which are too often given to patients with minor diseases who 'demand' that something be done."If treatment means just the prescription of drugs he has a case, but every experienced family doctor and many consultants know that proper advice is advice proper to the individual patient, and that the prescription of drugs forms only a small part of the manage- ment of the patient.When we see an out- patient for the first time, we do not know if this patient is suffering from " a minor disease," or will in five years' time be " severely afflicted " and be suitable for treat-
Gonorrhoea with Skin and Joint Manifestations
Authors: C. B. Wolff, H. V. Goodman, J. Vahrman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Three cases of gonorrhoea with pyrexia and lesions of the skin and joints (benign gonococcaemia) seen in one hospital group in 1969 within four months of one another are described. All three patients improved rapidly with penicillin therapy. This syndrome is commoner than is usually thought. It must therefore be borne in mind when a diagnosis is in doubt in a patient with unusual skin lesions and joint involvement. Thorough bacteriological investigation is necessary before starting treatment. The relevant literature is reviewed.