tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prolonged Adrenocortical Stimulation on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: H. F. West
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Grade 1 Physical abilities appropriate to age un- impaired.Grade 2 Able to work or do normal housework but not up to Grade 1.Grade 3 Major disabilities, mobility restricted, only able to do very light work.Grade 4 Dependent on others for personal needs.Grade 5 Bedfast.Rheumatoid arthritic patients judge the value of their treatment mainly by the change in their physical ability.In this study 37 of the 42 improved by at least one grade and none fell to a lower grade during therapy (Table I, overleaf).The benefit cannot be entirely attributed to the adrenal stimu- lation therapy, however, for two reasons:(i) The activity of the disease (which is the main determinant of physical ability except in very 323 copyright.
Remarks ON THE EFFECTS OF RESPIRATION ON THE CIRCULATION, AND THE PULSUS INSPIRATIONE INTERMITTENS VEL PULSUS PARADOXUS
Authors: P. W. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1907)

To the laryngologist the import of the pulsus paradoxus concerns mainly its occurrence in acute dyspnoea from laryngeal obstruction, but in general medicine the occur- rence of the phenomenon has been noted in various
Enhancing immune responses to limit chronic immune activation during SIV
Authors: Jacob D. Estes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The persistent immune activation that is typical of HIV-1 and SIV infection results in exhaustion and dysfunction of T and B cells; in T cells, this is marked by increased expression and signaling through the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1). Targeting this exhaustion pathway could result in improved antiviral immune responses, but there have been concerns that it would also lead to increased inflammation and immunopathology. In this issue of the JCI, Dyavar Shetty et al. demonstrate that blocking PD-1 actually reduced proinflammatory responses and improved immunity in the gut of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, suggesting that this might have therapeutic potential to prevent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients.
Research on Humans Faces Scrutiny: New Policies Adopted
Authors: Paul T. Kefalides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Currents21 March 2000Research on Humans Faces Scrutiny: New Policies AdoptedPaul T. Kefalides, MDPaul T. Kefalides, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Structural changes in the field of biomedical research have in turn changed the climate for research involving humans. Both Institutional Review Board (IRB) administrators and investigators are feeling new pressures. Although they are stirred by a steady increase in research projects, especially those sponsored by industry, they are challenged by new public advocacy for the protection of human participants and aggressive, punitive enforcement by government regulators. Several reforms are being drafted and may be put into place by the end of the year, intended to modernize the system of research oversight and regain the public's trust.Obligations of Institutional Review ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByUnderstanding Bureaucracy in Health Science Ethics: Toward a Better Institutional Review BoardRandomized, Controlled Trial of an Easy-to-Read Informed Consent Statement for Clinical Trial Participation: A Study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology GroupQuality issues in clinical research and the implications on health policy (QICRHP) 21 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 6Page: 513-516KeywordsBioethicsClinical trialsConflicts of interestFallsInstitutional review boardsResearch assessmentResearch designResearch ethicsResearch quality assessmentScientists Issue Published: 21 March 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Cell biology of cultured anogenital warts
Authors: B.R. ROSE, C.H. THOMPSON, A.M. MCDONALD, B.R. HENDERSON, Y.E. COSSART, B.J. MORRIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

A simple, reliable culture system for keratinocytes from anogenital warts is described. Using this technique we found that it was possible to produce multiple confluent keratinocyte cultures from two‐thirds of the surgically‐excised anogenital wart specimens received in our laboratory. Some morphological and cultural differences between these cells and normal kcratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskins were observed, although there was no evidence that wart‐derived keratinocytes were ‘transformed’. The cultures were tested for evidence of HPV‐DNA replication using 32P‐labelled HPV‐DNA probes, for the production of viral capsid proteins using pcroxidase‐antiperoxidase staining and for whole virus particles using electron microscopy. Fifty‐seven per cent (8 of 14) of the wart cultures tested showed persistence of HPV‐DNA (5–100 copies HPV‐DNA/cell genome equivalent). However, no viral proteins or particles were detected in any culture. This system may prove to be a useful in vitro model for the study of virus‐cell interaction and the role of HPV in the malignant conversion of epithelial cells.
A Study of the Role of Nell-1 Gene Modified Goat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Promoting New Bone Formation
Authors: Tara Aghaloo, Xinquan Jiang, Chia Soo, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiuli Zhang, Jingzhou Hu, Hongya Pan, Tiffany Hsu, Benjamin Wu, Kang Ting, Xinli Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)
Early angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: angiographic and clinical outcome in 1179 patients
Authors: F.W. Bär, R. Aalbregt, K. Neven, J. Frederiks, A.J. Oude Ophuis, H.B. de Swart, J. Vainer, H.J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Our Obstetric Heritage: The Story of Safe Childbirth
Authors: Raymond M. McKeown
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dr. Thorns develops, with humility and great understanding, the fascinating story of mankind's journey along the highway of knowledge about our most important function—childbirth. He traces, with perspicacity, the past, present, and future of obstetrics. He tells us of the ever-redoubtable Chamberlens and their family secret of the hidden forceps. He tells of the slow but steady progress in obstetrical anesthesia, and of the final recognition of cesarean operations as desirable, prophylactic surgery when so indicated and not necessarily surgery of desperation. He leads us into an awareness that childbirth is one of nature's glories, not just a time of pain and travail. He leaves us with a wholesome, comfortable feeling that we are beyond the mysticism of the past and well along the highway toward acceptance and understanding of our place as human beings in the world about us. Dr. Thomas has made many contributions to the science and
I just wanted to be a doctor: We need to be more than "just" doctors
Authors: J. R Benger
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Hunt articulates the feelings of many doctors on discovering that the effective practice of modern medicine requires a range of skills beyond the provision of direct clinical care.1 Her slightly delayed entry into medicine may explain why this issue is troubling her now, rather than later in her career: certainly these are sentiments I hear more commonly from …
Incarceration of the Stomach in an Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Arthur G. Ship, Arthur H. Glick, Alvin B. Goldenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

INCARCERATION of the stomach in a large inguinoscrotal hernia appears to be a rarely diagnosed condition, to judge by the sparse reports in the literature. A major factor accounting for this may be the infrequent indication for roentgenologic studies before operation for incarcerated inguinal hernia.A total of 40 cases have been encountered in the literature. Six of these reports are in English, only 3 having appeared in American journals.1 2 3 In a comprehensive review in 1954, Davey and Strange4 detailed 34 cases of stomach in inguinal hernia and added 1 case of their own. Since then only 6 cases have . . .
Eradication of Ovarian Tumor Xenografts by Locoregional Administration of Targeted Immunotherapy
Authors: Michelandrea De Cesare, Claudia Calcaterra, Graziella Pratesi, Laura Gatti, Franco Zunino, Sylvie Mènard, Andrea Balsari
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) are potent activators of innate and adaptive immunity. Recognition of CpG-ODN is mediated by Toll-like receptor 9 expressed by immune cells, endothelial and epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. We examined the antitumor effect of CpG-ODN and the role of administration route on human ovarian cancers growing in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. Experimental Design: Mice implanted i.p. with human ovarian carcinoma cells were treated i.p., s.c., or i.v. and assessed for survival and tumor-free incidence. Peritoneal washings were analyzed for keratinocyte chemokine production and for functional and phenotypic profiles as indicators of the cell types involved in mediating the antitumor effects. Results: IGROV-1-bearing mice treated i.p. survived significantly longer than those treated i.v. or s.c. (P = 0.0005), and nearly half of them (8 of 17) were tumor-free by the end of the experiment, a rate never achieved using a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. High rates of tumor-free mice were observed in three other ovarian tumor xenografts treated i.p. Compared with peritoneal washings of mice treated s.c. or i.v., those from mice treated i.p. showed the highest level of serum and tissue keratinocyte chemokine, the highest number of natural killer cells and neutrophils, and the highest antiproliferative activity in vitro. Conclusions: The superior antitumor effect obtained by locoregional administration of CpG-ODN in i.p. tumor-bearing mice with a limited adaptive immune response points to the importance of innate effector cells amplification at the site of tumor growth and suggests the promise of i.p. CpG-ODN in clinical trials for ovarian cancer.
Platelet P2Y <sub>12</sub> Receptor Influences the Vessel Wall Response to Arterial Injury and Thrombosis
Authors: D.J.W. Evans, L.E. Jackman, J. Chamberlain, D.J. Crosdale, H.M. Judge, K. Jetha, K.E. Norman, S.E. Francis, R.F. Storey
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Platelets are believed to play an important role in atherogenesis and the vessel response to vascular injury. The P2Y(12) receptor (P2Y(12)) plays a central role in amplifying platelet aggregation, dense granule and alpha-granule secretion, P-selectin expression, microparticle formation, and procoagulant membrane changes, regardless of the activating stimulus. We hypothesized that P2Y(12) deficiency might reduce the vessel wall response to vascular injury as well as thrombosis in murine vascular injury models.P2Y(12)-deficient (-/-) mice and littermate controls (+/+) were bred on a C57 BL/6 background. In vivo murine models of arterial injury were employed alone and in combination with bone marrow transplantation to investigate the role of P2Y(12) in the vessel wall response to arterial injury and thrombosis. At 21 days after ferric chloride injury, neointima formation in P2Y(12)(-/-) arteries was significantly less than that observed in control strain arteries (P<0.025). In agreement with this, the intima-media ratio was significantly greater in femoral wire-injured arteries from P2Y(12)(+/+) compared with P2Y(12)(-/-) animals (P<0.05). Bone marrow transplantation was used to examine the importance of vessel wall P2Y(12) versus platelet P2Y(12). Analysis of arterial sections from chimeric animals at 21 days after injury revealed a smaller intima-media ratio in -/- to +/+ animals than in the positive (+/+ to +/+) control group (P<0.01).These data demonstrate a role for platelet P2Y(12) in the vessel wall response to arterial injury and thrombosis. This illustrates the manner in which platelets may contribute to atherogenesis and restenosis.
The barrier method as a new tool to assist in career selection: covert observational study
Authors: R. S. McCain, A. R. Harris, K. McCallion, W. J. Campbell, S. J. Kirk
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if senior doctors’ parking habits and skills are associated with clinical specialty and, if so, whether observation of junior doctors’ parking could provide guidance in choice of specialty. <b>Design</b> Covert observational study. <b>Setting</b> Pass-card controlled consultants’ car park (parking lot), December 2009. <b>Participants</b> 103 consultants entering the car park on three consecutive mornings. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The outcomes were specialty and sex of the consultants, manner of approaching the barrier (pass-card ready or not), and time taken to park, exit the vehicle, and walk to a designated point. <b>Results</b> Approaches to the barrier and parking were recorded for 103 consultants (79 men, 24 women): 28 anaesthetists (22 men, six women), 29 physicians (internists, 18 men, 11 women), 14 radiologists (nine men, five women), and 32 surgeons (30 men, two women). The manner of approaching the barrier (card ready) differed by specialty but not by sex. The total time taken to park (seconds) differed significantly between specialties: surgery (median 68, interquartile range 61-71 seconds), anaesthesia (82, 76-91), radiology (86, 70-103), and general medicine (112, 96-136). The time taken to park was overall longer among women, but this was explained by their specialty (men and women matched by specialty did not differ). <b>Conclusions</b> The total time taken to park and manner of approaching the barrier to gain entry to the car park differed across specialties. Surgical consultants were fastest, followed by consultant anaesthetists and consultant radiologists, with physicians slowest. Sex was not an influencing factor. If reproducible in studies of a similar nature the “barrier method” could allow for a low cost means of guiding junior doctors in career selection.
Ribonucleic Acid
Authors: Sol Spiegelman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two sets of investigations are briefly described. The first is aimed at an understanding of the molecular life history of lytic RNA virus with particular emphasis on the mechanism of RNA replication. The studies resulted in the isolation of the relevant RNA-directed RNA polymerase (replicase) and in the demonstration that this enzyme would mediate the continuous test-tube synthesis of unlimited quantities of infectious and biologically competent viral nucleic acid. This unique situation was exploited to examine the extracellular mutation and evolution of replicating molecules. The investigation culminated recently with the complete sequence determination of one of the mutant RNA molecules, an achievement that identified the secondary and tertiary structures as the source of the phenotypic wealth required to explain the evolutionary potential of these molecules. The second investigation began with an attempt to provide a rigorous proof that DNA communicated its instructions via RNA complementary transcript. A procedure for annealing RNA to its complementary DNA and a sensitive method for detecting the resulting hybrid complexes were developed. Molecular hybridization thus provided the first direct evidence supporting the concept of cellular RNA as genetic messages. We further refined and simplified the procedure in an attempt to convert it into a powerful and flexible tool. RNA-DNA hybridization was then successfully used in the resolution of many of the central problems of molecular genetics. In this manner, nucleic acid hybridization became one of the most widely used molecular biologic techniques of the last decade. Its recent introduction into the cancer problem has provided the first molecular evidence of tumor viral information in human neoplasias. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1036-1042, 1974)
Book: Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer: Clinical, Predictive and Ethical Perspectives
Authors: F. Rassool
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Ed William D Foulkes, Shirley V Hodgson Cambridge University Press, £60, pp 471 ISBN 0 521 56340 2 ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> As its title suggests, this book comprehensively marries the clinical, predictive, and ethical issues that arise from identifying genes that indicate increased risk of cancer. It also effectively and in an accessible manner conveys the criteria for genetics testing and what is known of the biology underlying most known inherited cancers. The book is timely in its scope. As … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: A Case Study for Using Biomonitoring Data to Address Risk Assessment Questions
Authors: Linda S. Birnbaum, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The use of biomonitoring data holds promise for characterizing exposure and informing risk assessment. Biomonitoring data have been used successfully to track population trends, identify susceptible populations, and provide indications of emerging environmental health issues. However, there remain challenges associated with interpreting biomonitoring data for risk assessment. An international biomonitoring workshop was convened in September 2004 to explore the use of biomonitoring data in the context of risk assessment. Six compounds were examined as case studies for this workshop, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The PBDE case study was developed to provide an example of a persistent compound for which relatively few data are available for human exposure, biomonitoring, and health outcomes. PBDEs are used in hard plastics, electronics, textiles, and polyurethane foam products. The congener pattern downstream of production facilities often resembles the commercial mixture. However, because these compounds persist in the environment and in biota, the patterns of congeners evolve. PBDEs partition into body lipids, and direct measurement of bromodiphenyl ether congeners in biologic specimens provides a good marker of exposure. Data indicate significant variability (> 100-fold range) in lipid-adjusted levels for PBDEs in the general population. It is hypothesized that both exposure and pharmacokinetics may play a role in observed congener profiles. Significant gaps in our ability to interpret PBDE biomonitoring data to address public health and risk assessment questions include limited knowledge of environmental fate and transport of PBDE congeners, limited population-based data for adults, and lack of data for potentially vulnerable populations such as children.
Hippocrates meets the data banks: Patient privacy in computer age
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Protection of computerized medical records from unauthorized use was a major topic of concern at the 1984 World Congress on Medical Informatics (MedInfo). Summarized here are the comments of speakers from the United States and several European countries on the issues of data and usage integrity, legal protection for computerized patient data, and the implications of international data access and transfer. Participants agreed that governments have a major role to play in enacting consumer-oriented legislation to protect patient records and expanding constitutional privacy rights to include personal data.
Phase 3 Study of Recombinant Factor IX Fc Fusion Protein in Hemophilia B
Authors: Jerry S. Powell, K. John Pasi, Margaret V. Ragni, Margareth C. Ozelo, Leonard A. Valentino, Johnny N. Mahlangu, Neil C. Josephson, David Perry, Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, Shashikant Apte, Ross I. Baker, Godfrey C. Chan, Nicolas Novitzky, Raymond S. Wong, Snejana Krassova, Geoffrey Allen, Haiyan Jiang, Alison Innes, Shuanglian Li, Lynda M. Cristiano, Jaya Goyal, Jurg M. Sommer, Jennifer A. Dumont, Karen Nugent, Gloria Vigliani, Aoife Brennan, Alvin Luk, Glenn F. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Prophylactic factor replacement in patients with hemophilia B improves outcomes but requires frequent injections. A recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) with a prolonged half-life was developed to reduce the frequency of injections required.
Abstract 2115: Interrogation of mechanisms that underlie augmented steroidogenesis in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kai-Hsiung Chang, Nima Sharifi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The conversion of adrenal androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) drives castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. No mutations or variations in those steroidogenic enzymes have been identified as responsible for the phenotype of increased intratumoral DHT synthesis in CRPC. By analyzing CRPC cell line models and clinical samples from patients with CRPC, we found that a gain-of-stability mutation in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3βHSD1, encoded by HSD3B1 gene) confers an increase in metabolic flux from DHEA to DHT in CRPC. The prolonged protein half-life of mutant 3βHSD1 results from resisting an association with the ubiquitin E3-ligase autocrine mobility factor receptor (AMFR). Genetic selection for mutant 3βHSD1 is evident from somatic mutation in human CRPC tumors, by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the wild type copy in patients with heterozygous inheritance, and from acquisition of same somatic mutation in a mouse xenograft tumor model treated with abiraterone. Furthermore, we found the expression of AMFR is suppressed in a CRPC xenograft model expressing wild type 3βHSD1, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that augments steroidogenesis in CRPC progression. Our discovery of this 3βHSD1 gain-of-function mutation is the first example of a mutation identified in a component of steroidogenic machinery in CRPC, which strongly validates a new target for individualized cancer therapy in CPRC. Citation Format: Kai-Hsiung Chang, Nima Sharifi. Interrogation of mechanisms that underlie augmented steroidogenesis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2115
CPR Training for Physicians
Authors: James E. Dalen, John P. Howe, George E. Membrino, Kevin McIntyre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In 1978, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals determined that as a requirement for accreditation a hospital must demonstrate that all physicians on its staff have had training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).1 One state, California, now requires physicians to have a "current and valid certificate in CPR" as a condition for relicensure.2 These requirements have not been received with enthusiasm by all physicians, 3 but we believe that formal training of physicians in CPR is in the best interests of physicians and the public.CPR (closed-chest massage and mouth-to-mouth ventilation) was introduced for the treatment of sudden cardiac death in . . .