tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on F <sub>2</sub> -Isoprostane and Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Healthy Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Paola Patrignani, Maria R. Panara, Stefania Tacconelli, Francesca Seta, Tonino Bucciarelli, Giovanni Ciabattoni, Paola Alessandrini, Andrea Mezzetti, Giovanna Santini, Maria G. Sciulli, Francesco Cipollone, Giovanni Davı̀, Pietro Gallina, Gabriele Bittolo Bon, Carlo Patrono
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Increased formation of 8-iso-prostaglandin (PG) F 2α and thromboxane (TX) A 2 , potent agonists of platelet and vascular thromboxane (TH)/PGH 2 receptors, has been detected in cigarette smokers. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of vitamin E (300, 600, and 1200 mg/d, each dose for 3 consecutive weeks) on 8-iso-PGF 2α and TXA 2 biosynthesis in 46 moderate cigarette smokers. Methods and Results —Urinary immunoreactive 8-iso-PGF 2α and 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , plasma vitamin E, and serum TXB 2 were measured by previously validated techniques. Baseline urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α and 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion averaged 241±78 and 430±293 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. Urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α was significantly correlated with 11-dehydro-TXB 2 ( r =0.360, n=138, P &lt;0.0001). Baseline plasma vitamin E levels averaged 20.6±4.9 μmol/L and were inversely correlated with urinary 11-dehydro-TXB 2 ( r =−0.304, P =0.039) but not with 8-iso-PGF 2α ( r =−0.227, P =0.129). Vitamin E supplementation caused a dose-dependent increase in its plasma levels that reached a plateau at 600 mg (42.3±11.2 μmol/L, P &lt;0.001). This was not associated with any statistically significant change in urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α or 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion. Conclusions —Supplementation with pharmacological doses of vitamin E has no detectable effects on lipid peroxidation and thromboxane biosynthesis in vivo in healthy subjects with a mild degree of oxidant stress. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the basal rate of lipid peroxidation is a major determinant of the response to vitamin E supplementation and have implications for the use of vitamin E in healthy subjects as well as for the design and interpretation of clinical trials of antioxidant intervention.
Dual-Chamber Pacing for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial
Authors: Rick A Nishimura, Jane M Trusty, David L Hayes, Duane M Ilstrup, Dirk R Larson, Sharonne N Hayes, Thomas G Allison, A.Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
NG2 antigen is expressed in CD34+ HPCs and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors: is NG2 expression in leukemia dependent on the target cell where leukemogenesis is triggered?
Authors: C Bueno, R Montes, L Martín, I Prat, M C Hernandez, A Orfao, P Menendez
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study, comparing unirradiated to irradiated white blood cell transfusions in acute leukemia patients
Authors: E J Freireich, B Lichtiger, G Mattiuzzi, F Martinez, V Reddy, J Kyle Wathen
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

A prospective, randomized double-blind study comparing the effects of irradiated and unirradiated white blood cells was conducted in 108 acute leukemia patients with life-threatening infections, refractory to antibiotics. The study demonstrated no significant improvement in 30-day survival or overall survival. Transfusion of unirradiated white cells did not compromise the patient’s opportunity to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant, nor the success rate or overall survival after allogeneic transplant. The important positive finding in this study was that the unirradiated white cells produced a significantly higher increment in circulating granulocytes and in a higher proportion of patients granulocyte count exceeded 1000 per microliter, approaching normal concentrations. The increase in the number and the improved survival of the unirradiated granulocytes suggest that this procedure might potentially be a method to improve the utility of granulocyte transfusions and merits further investigation. The study demonstrated non-inferiority for unirradiated white cells. There were no harmful effects such as graft-versus-host disease, indicating that such studies would be safe to conduct in the future.
IM-01 * ANTI-TUMOR EFFECT OF TRASTUZUMAB, GM-CSF AND IL-2 COMBINATORIAL THERAPY IN PEDIATRIC EPENDYMOMA
Authors: A. Donson, A. Griesinger, D. Birks, V. Amani, J. Mulcahy-Levy, M. Handler, K. Dorris, N. Foreman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We have previously shown that (i) the amount of tumor-infiltrating microglia/macrophage (M/M) in pediatric brain tumor ependymoma (EPN) is positively correlated with survival and (ii) identified an immunosuppressive phenotype in poor prognosis subgroup A of EPN. These data support the development of immunotherapy for EPN, a tumor in which approximately 50% of patients suffer recurrence and for which chemotherapy has not yet shown any benefit. In these preclinical and clinical studies we evaluated the combination of therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, GM-CSF and IL2 for the treatment of EPN. Transcriptomic analysis identified ERBB2, targetable by therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, as overexpressed in EPN. Flow cytometric analysis showed that trastuzumab was bound to ErbB2-expressing EPN tumor and infiltrating M/M. Tumor infiltrating M/M express high levels of high-affinity Fc-gamma receptor CD64 which we suspect are binding the Fc of trastuzumab. Allogeneic and autologous EPN cell line immune cell co-cultures demonstrated significantly increased ADCC with combined trastuzumab and GM-CSF. Primary human EPN organotype culture studies demonstrated decreased tumor proliferation and increased immune cell proliferation in response to combined trastuzumab, GM-CSF and IL2. To date we have recruited 4 patients to the first pilot clinical study of GM-CSF delivered prior to surgery in children with relapsed EPN. Transcriptomic analysis of post-treatment tumor samples demonstrated that GM-CSF upregulated antigen processing and presentation genes, a hallmark of an activated immunophenotype. These results demonstrate that combined trastuzumab/GM-CSF/IL2 is effective at not only priming the newly recruited immune cells to target the tumor but may also reverse the immunosuppressive phenotype. The potential of complementary combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens in EPN warrants expedited investigation.
Cellular Hypersensitivity In Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Hiromichi Mizutani
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dermal reaction to measles antigen and macrophage migration inhibition tests using a concentrated lymphocytic supernate and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were conducted to evaluate the cellular immunity of a 9-year-old girl with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Both were positive but there was no evidence of impairment of thymus-dependent lymphocytes, thereby suggesting the presence of aggressive lymphocytes specific to measles antigen. While the relation of measles virus to SSPE has been confirmed by a number of investigators since the report of Connolly et al<sup>1</sup>opinion is still divided on the question of why the disease arises only rarely among patients with measles. Burnet described a possible related impairment of thymus-dependent lymphocytes sensitive to measles antigen.<sup>2</sup>Saunders et al proposed a destructive interaction between the agressive lymphocytes specific for measles antigen and the host cells containing adapted virus,<sup>3</sup>while Horta-Barbosa et al<sup>4</sup>reported that a particular
Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast — A Nondisease?
Authors: Susan M. Love, Rebecca Sue Gelman, William silen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Is fibrocystic disease really a distinct entity? Is it a diagnosis that can be made clinically or histologically? Does this designation imply an increased risk of breast cancer? Should we attempt to treat it? Davis et al.1 examined these questions in 1964 and recognized a small increase in the risk of cancer in patients with fibrocystic disease, but a recent evaluation has not been carried out. This paper is an attempt to review critically the relevant literature since 1964 and to shed some light on these pressing and common questions.Clinical Definitions of Fibrocystic DiseaseScanlon defines fibrocystic disease, from . . .
Does HIV Testing Raise Levels of Suicidal Ideation?
Authors: Richard Neugebauer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  We applaud efforts by Perry and colleagues 1 to focus attention on the psychiatric effects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic and, specifically, to assess the possible impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  on  ideation. Their article states that 1 week after notification of seropositivity, 27.1% of individuals reported  ideation, whereas at study entry, 28.6% did so. However, as discussed below, their reassuring conclusion that suicidal ideation did not increase after HIV testing is not warranted by their data.  For two reasons at least, subjects' reported level of  ideation would be expected to decline from first to second assessment, entirely independent of any effect of learning test results. First, repeated administration of a psychiatric symptom checklist itself produces score decline, a retest artifact that is widely documented in the psychiatric and psychometric literature. 2-4 Extrapolating from previous reports, an artifactual drop to
The Effect of Meals on the Electrocardiogram and the Ballistocardiogram in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: BERNARD BERMAN, JOHN R. BRAUNSTEIN, JOHNSON MCGUIRE
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The effect of meals on the electrocardiogram and the ballistocardiogram was studied in 59 patients with angina of effort. Approximately one-fourth of the group showed a 0.5 to 1.0 mm. depression of the S-T segment, while the normal controls did not show this change. Premature ventricular contractions and inversion of the T wave were found more frequently in patients with angina following meals than in normal individuals. The patients with angina were unable to increase the cardiac output significantly following meals as compared to normal individuals. It is suggestetd that these findings may prove to be of value in evaluating cardiac function in patients with angina.
Allergic and toxic contact dermatitis: inflammatory cell subtypes in epicutaneous test reactions
Authors: S. REITAMO, E. TOLVANEN, Y.T. KONTTINEN, K. KAYHKO, L. FORSTROM, O.P. SALO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes and plasma cells in situ from allergic and toxic epicutaneous test reactions. Intraccllular α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), endogenous peroxidase and immunoglobulin were used as markers for inflammatory cells. In allergic contact dermatitis 76 ± 7% of all cells were ANAE-positiveT lymphocytes, 13 ± 6% mononuclear phagocytes and 12 ± 6%), ANAE-negative cells. In toxic skin lesions the corresponding values were 64 ± 20%, 18 ± 15% and 18 ± 6%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the allergic and toxic skin reactions. The basic reaction type in allergic and toxic contact dermatitis seems to be similar, with possibly some qualitative and quantitative differences.
Screening for cancer with computed tomography: History repeats itself in another manifestation of "executive physical examinations"
Authors: A. P Zelicoff
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—For decision analysts Swensen's review of computed tomography screening is both refreshing to see and at the same time wholly unsurprising.1 The risks from false positive results are made clear even for non-quantitatively oriented clinicians, and questions are raised on other expensive screening procedures and unsubstantiated recommendations from so called medical centres of excellence.

In the United States countless companies and hospital consortia …
The Histology of Borderline Cancer: With Notes on Prognosis
Authors: Josefina M. Orteza
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The senior author and his colleagues at the University Department of Pathology, Dundee, Scotland, have undertaken a retrospective analysis of 390 cases of borderline cancer, to determine diagnostic accuracy and to provide information on the behavior of these neoplasms. The analysis centered on histopathologic findings, diagnosis, and prognosis. Determination of diagnostic accuracy was based on correlation between diagnosis and outcome of a tumor lesion. Eighty percent of the diagnoses were considered appropriate. Understandably, some of these were made with the qualification "for practical purposes." The greatest number of underdiagnoses, overdiagnoses, and inappropriate diagnoses were made on lesions of lymph nodes, breast, and soft tissues, respectively. A small number of diagnoses remained equivocal inasmuch as the nature of some lesions remains dubious. In this analysis, diagnostic problems stemmed from lesions with "early" manifestations of cancer or with minimal deviations from the histological norm. These will always plague the pathologist. The senior
T lymphocyte-mediated suppression of myeloma function in vitro. IV. Generation of effector suppressor cells specific for myeloma idiotypes.
Authors: A K Abbas, M Takaoki, M I Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

BALB/c mice immunized intravenously with syngeneic splenocytes, to which affinity-purified IgA produced by the MOPC 315 myeloma is covalently coupled, develop suppressor T cells (Ts1) that inhibit IgA secretion by MOPC 315 cells after 3-4 d of co-culture. Immunization with M315-coupled splenocytes subcutaneously, followed by administration of a soluble extract of Ts1 cells, leads to the generation of effector Ts that are also idiotype specific and inhibit myeloma function within 1 d. Moreover, effector Ts are Lyt-1-2+, whereas Ts1 are either Lyt-1+2+ or require Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells to mature into effector Ts in vitro. Such a protocol should be useful for analyzing the interactions that result in the maturation of Ts and in defining the mechanisms of action of Ts, whose effect can be measured on a homogeneous target population and that are specific for a well-characterized myeloma idiotype.
Faisabilité et résultats de la vidéocapsule endoscopique dans les tumeurs endocrines de l'intestin grêle
Authors: B Eymard, C Lombard-Bohas, G Poncet, A de Leusse, JA Chayvialle, MG Lapalus
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Les tumeurs carcinoïdes sont rares (20 à 40% des tumeurs de l'intestin grêle). Elles sont souvent de petite taille (inférieures à 1cm), de localisation intra pariétale à prédominance iléale et seraient multifocales dans 30% des cas. Le pronostic vital des patients et leur survie peuvent dépendre de l'évolution tumorale locorégionale rendant importante l'identification de la tumeur primitive avant de discuter une prise en charge chirurgicale. La vidéocapsule endoscopique (VCE) est un examen non invasif permettant d'explorer la totalité de l'intestin grêle. Sa faisabilité et ses résultats dans la détection des tumeurs carcinoïdes sont en cours d'évaluation.
Dying remains a taboo subject for patients and GPs, finds survey
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Many GPs are failing to discuss dying and end of life wishes with patients, according to a survey commissioned by the Dying Matters Coalition, a group led by the National Council for Palliative Care.

The online survey of 2028 adults and 1000 GPs found that discussing dying and end of life plans remains a taboo for most people in Britain. The survey, carried out by the polling agency ComRes, found that only 27% of the public have asked a family member about their end of life wishes and less than a third (31%) have talked to …
Palliative laser therapy for malignant dysphagia.
Authors: N Krasner, H Barr, C Skidmore, A I Morris
Journal: Gut (1987)

Seventy six patients with dysphagia caused by malignant tumours of the oesophagus or gastric cardia have been treated using the Neodymium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (NdYag) laser. The laser was set to deliver 80-100 watts of power for 0.5-1 second pulses. To obtain improvement, patients on average needed four treatment sessions with a mean energy per treatment of 3586 joules. Follow up endoscopy and laser treatment was at four week intervals, unless the clinical or endoscopic results indicated otherwise. The immediate result was to allow 32% of patients to swallow anything they liked, a further 54% were able to take most solids and 9% were improved, or maintained on liquids only. The mortality of laser recanalisation and associated treatment was 5%. The improvement in swallowing was maintained until death in all but 15% of these patients, some of the 15% needed intubation to allow adequate swallowing. Endoscopic, or surgical intubation was required immediately in five patients after an initial laser course failed to provide improvement. The mean survival of the whole group was 19 weeks (range one to 112 weeks).
DURATION OF DEMONSTRABLE ANTIBODIES IN THE SERUM OF RABBITS IMMUNIZED WITH HEAT-KILLED TYPE I PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

In rabbits immunized by the injection of suspensions of heat-killed pneumococci the results obtained as regards not only the development of agglutinating and mouse protective antibodies, but also the persistence of these bodies in the blood depend to a considerable extent upon the route of immunization and the size of the inocula. Agglutinins may appear in the sera of all the rabbits except those inoculated subcutaneously, but in most instances they disappear within a short time. Protective antibodies appear in the sera of all rabbits, no matter which route of injection be employed and they persist much longer than do the agglutinins. They persist longest when the injections are made intravenously or intraperitoneally and are of briefest duration when the injections are made subcutaneously.
Points from Letters: Paronychia and Nailbed Infection
Authors: K. H. Trigg
Journal: BMJ (1970)

further "dram" before entering the ambulance.On admission he was confused and in pain with noticeably cold extremities.Oral temperature was 97' F. (36' C.).Blood pressure 140/80, pulse 72 and small volume.The abdomen was distended and diffusely tender.There was some guarding, and bowel sounds were faint and infrequent.The pupils were unequal, moderately dilated, and did not react to light.Tendon jerks were brisk and the plantar responses flexor.Urine: some albumin and trace of acetone, but no sugar.Blood pH 7-08, Pco2
Abnormal cardiac sensitivity in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries
Authors: Richard O. Cannon, Arshed A. Quyyumi, William H. Schenke, Lameh Fananapazir, Eben E. Tucker, Alexandra M. Gaughan, Richard H. Gracely, Edward L. Cattau, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Thumb-sucking and the Teeth
Authors: C. A. Pitt-Steele
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRIT reaction to oral phenoxymethylpenicillin in 1957.1Regarding treatment of any anaphylactoid reaction, I am sure prompt recognition is vital, and I am equally sure that prompt administration of adrenaline is the correct initial course because it is effective, acts quickly, and every doctor carries it in his bag.-Iam, etc., Leeds 17.
TESTS OF VISUAL ACUITYAND CARDS FOR SUBJECTIVE CORRECTION OF AMETROPIA
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The testing of visual acuity and the measurement of ametropia by the improved vision obtained by testlenses are two distinct processes, which will be best carried out by different forms of apparatus. In testing visual acuity we need only to determine a single "minimum separabile," which is done most simply by finding the greatest distance at which a test of known visibility can be recognized. In the subjective measurement of ametropia we have to provide for a "minimum separabile" progressively diminishing as the accurate correction of the refractive error is more nearly approximated. This requires a series of test-objects progressively diminishing in size, such as the ordinary test-cards furnish. <h3>STANDARD OF VISUAL ACUITY</h3> The adoption last year at the Naples ophthalmologic congress of the report of the committee appointed at the preceding ophthalmologic congress at Lucerne to propose an international standard of normal visual acuity, with the discussions of the
Gastroplasty may lead field but it's not a winner yet
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Of all surgical techniques used for the management of morbid obesity, gastric partitioning or gastroplasty has emerged in the opinion of some as the procedure of choice, leaving behind such precursors as ileocolic, jejunoileal, and gastric bypasses. But gastric partitioning (more popularly known as gastric stapling) too has spawned its own technical variants and problems and, according to a surgical team from the University of Ottawa, remains a "dangerous operation" with "far from ideal success" and "poorly documented" results. The report, presented by Alan J. Byrne, MD, research fellow in the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa School of Medicine, at the 50th annual meeting of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, indicates that although gastric partitioning is simpler than the earlier bypass modes, a number of complications occur, the most common of which are associated with staple disruption, pouch dilation, and stoma dilation. In a review
Rash and dyspnoea in a 39 year old man
Authors: J. B. Raffel, A. Al-Lawati, N. Murch
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A previously well 39 year old man of Bengali origin presented with a three day history of fever, pleuritic chest pain, progressive dyspnoea, and non-productive cough. Six days previously he had developed a widespread centripetally distributed pruritic rash. He was employed as a chef and was an ex-smoker (20 pack year history); he had no history of misuse of drugs or alcohol. His only recent foreign travel was a brief visit to Bangladesh six months earlier. His wife and child had had similar rashes five days ago, although they were afebrile and systemically well.

His pulse was regular at 98 beats/min, blood pressure was 109/67 mm Hg, temperature was 38.4°C, and respiratory rate was 38 breaths/min. He was using his accessory muscles to breathe. Auscultation of the chest showed dry crackles increasing from the mid to the lower lung zones bilaterally. He had mildly tender hepatomegaly. He had several hundred widespread exanthematous vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions on his skin, which extended into the oral cavity.

Arterial blood gas on room air showed a partial pressure of oxygen of 9.62 kPa, partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 5.45 kPa, pH of 7.44, bicarbonate of 25.3 (reference range 21-28), and base excess of 3.5 (±2). His lymphocyte count was 3.7×109/L (1.0-3.5) and alanine aminotransferase was 112 U/L (0-40), but urea, creatinine, electrolytes, other liver function tests results, and full blood count parameters were within normal ranges. Chest radiography was performed (figs 1 and 2⇓ ⇓).



Fig 1 Chest radiograph





Fig 2 Detailed view of chest radiograph





### 1 What does the chest radiograph show?

#### Short answer

Multiple small nodules …