tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in obese women undergoing open bariatric surgery: Diaphragmatic excursion
Authors: Marcela Barbalho-Moulim, Dirceu Costa, Gustavo Miguel, Flavio Campos, Eli Maria Forti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Patients undergoing open bariatric surgery (OBS) have an impaired lung function in the postoperative period. Aiming to attenuate these negative effects, the preoperative IMT may be an alternative.   Objective:  To determine whether preoperative IMT is able to attenuate the impact of surgical trauma on the diaphragmatic excursion in obese women undergoing OBS.   Methods:  Thirty-two obese women (35.44±8.75 years and 41.78±3.84 kg/m 2 ), undergoing elective OBS were randomly assigned to receive preoperative IMT (IMT group) (n=15) or usual care (Control group - CG) (n=17) 2-4 weeks before the surgery. The diaphragmatic excursion was evaluated using the digitalized image of the radiograph. The area was calculated of the right and the left dome of the diaphragm. The patients were assessed before and after training, and 1 day after surgery.   Results:  The diaphragmatic excursion of the right and the left dome were not altered by training. In the first postoperative day, there was a significant decrease in both groups. However, the values of diaphragmatic excursion were higher in the IMT group, even though they were not statistically significant.   Conclusion:  The preoperative IMT appears to attenuate the negative postoperative effects of open bariatric surgery in diaphragmatic excursion.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Reduces Postprandial Lipidemia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Craig L. Phillips, Brendon J. Yee, Nathaniel S. Marshall, Peter Y. Liu, David R. Sullivan, Ronald R. Grunstein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Dyslipidemia is common in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Postprandial lipidemia (PPL) is a strong marker of cardiovascular risk. Evidence that OSA treatment improves PPL is lacking.To investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on postprandial lipidemia (PPL) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the upper moderate or severe range.In this randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial, we compared the effects of 2 months each of therapeutic and placebo CPAP on PPL.PPL was determined from the area under the 24-hour triglyceride concentration curve (TAG-AUC(24)) using seven blood samples drawn across both the wake and sleep periods. Secondary outcomes were the difference in other 24-hour lipid profiles. Thirty-eight eligible patients were randomly assigned to a treatment order and 29 patients completed the trial. CPAP reduced PPL compared with placebo with a mean TAG-AUC(24) difference of -357 mmol/L/d (95% confidence interval [CI], -687.3 to -26.8; P = 0.035). During both the CPAP and placebo studies, TAG levels peaked during both wakefulness (2:00 p.m.) and sleep (3:00 a.m.). Both peaks were lower during CPAP than placebo: 2:00 p.m., -0.49 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.74 to -0.24; P < 0.0005) and 3:00 a.m., -0.40 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.65 to -0.15; P = 0.002). Moreover, mean 24-hour total cholesterol was -0.19 mmol/L lower on CPAP (95% CI, -0.27 to -0.11; P < 0.00001).This randomized trial demonstrated that treatment of severe OSA with CPAP improves postprandial TAG and total cholesterol levels. These effects may reduce the risk for cardiovascular events. The results imply that the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease may, in part, be caused by direct effects on dyslipidemia. Clinical trial registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN 12605000066684).
Efficacy and toxicity of multiagent chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiotherapy in children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: Melissa M. Hudson, Carol Greenwald, Elizabeth Thompson, Judith Wilimas, Neyssa Marina, Diane Fairclough, William Kauffman, Paula Bozeman, Paul W. Mackert, Minnie Abromowitch, Jesse Jenkins, Thomas Boulden, Larry Kun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Between May 1980 and September 1990, 85 patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated with a regimen designed to increase cure rates while reducing late toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Therapy consisted of five cycles of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine; Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN), and procarbazine (COP), alternated with four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and low-dose (20 Gy) regional radiotherapy. Vincristine and cyclophosphamide were administered as tolerated during irradiation and during the 2- to 4-week rest period between radiation volumes. The need for staging laparotomy was defined by clinical presentation. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 14 years (range, 4 to 20), and 56% of patients were male. The majority (67%) had stage III or IV disease and 68% (19 of 28) of stage II patients had bulky mediastinal disease. Nodular sclerosing histology predominated (67%). Ninety-three percent of patients were alive without disease with a median follow-up of 4.1 years. Abnormalities were detected on chest roentgenograms and/or pulmonary function tests in 58% and 25% of clinically asymptomatic patients who were tested at least 1 year after completion of therapy. The only symptomatic patient had pulmonary fibrosis after treatment with bleomycin (20 U/m2) and mantle (20 Gy)/lung (13 Gy) irradiation, and developed multiple spontaneous pneumothoraces that required cortical stripping. One patient had congestive heart failure 19 months post-treatment, and two had abnormalities on echocardiograms. Thyroid abnormalities occurred in 21 (27%) patients who were assessable for late toxicity. The majority of female patients have had regular menstrual cycles. Six developed ovarian failure, and 10 have had a total of 17 pregnancies. Other than one documented case of oligospermia, information was not available on male fertility. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate excellent disease control for the COP/ABVD regimen, with acceptable toxicity.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Predictable, Detectable, and Preventable Safety Concern With SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Ele Ferrannini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Drug Safety Communication that warns of an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with uncharacteristically mild to moderate glucose elevations (euglycemic DKA [euDKA]) associated with the use of all the approved sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (1).This Communication was based on 20 clinical cases requiring hospitalization captured between March 2013 and June 2014 in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.The scarce clinical data provided suggested that most of the DKA cases were reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), for whom this class of agents is indicated; most likely, however, they were insulintreated patients, some with type 1 diabetes (T1D).The FDA also identified potential triggering factors such as intercurrent illness, reduced food and fluid intake, reduced insulin doses, and history of alcohol intake.
Comparison of flow-volume measurements with realtime versus fixed temperature BTPS correction
Authors: Ton Provily, Citta Zaat, Karin Nietzman, Henk Stam, Henk Hoogsteden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and aim   Traditionally flow-volume measurements are corrected to BTPS conditions assuming a fixed exhalation temperature. With new techniques exhalation temperature is measured continuously, making realtime BTPS correction possible.  Because temperature is changing during the forced exhalation, we investigated if there is a difference in results applying a realtime or fixed temperature BTPS correction.   Methods   Results of 46 volunteers (19 males and 27 females, age ranging from 20 to 80 years), who performed slow spirometry and flow-volume measurements according to the ATS/ERS criteria, were compared. Measurements were performed randomly with a Lilly type pneumotachometer (fixed exhalation temperature correction) and with an ultrasonic flow sensor (realtime correction).   Results   We studied the difference between the FVCex and the FVCin for both systems. We observed a significantly smaller difference between the FVCex and the FVCin in the realtime BTPS correction system (ΔFVC (realtime-fixed)  = -57ml, 95% CI (-103ml; -10ml) (p = 0.009)).  However, FVCin appeared to be not significantly different (P=0.056) in both systems.  We also observed significant differences in the FEV1/(F)VC ratio and in other flow volume parameters (0.00 ≤ P ≤ 0.0185), in which volumes with fixed temperature correction appeared to be larger.   Conclusion   It is likely, that there is no difference for FVCin, because both systems use the measured ambient temperature for the correction.  The fact, that realtime correction leads to a smaller difference between FVCex and FVCin, suggests that the fixed temperature correction during expiration leads to an overestimation of the expiration parameters.
Prospective Evaluation of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytomas and Hybrid Oncocytic/Chromophobe Tumors
Authors: Michael A. Gorin, Steven P. Rowe, Alexander S. Baras, Lilja B. Solnes, Mark W. Ball, Phillip M. Pierorazio, Christian P. Pavlovich, Jonathan I. Epstein, Mehrbod S. Javadi, Mohamad E. Allaf
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Myo9b is a key player in SLIT/ROBO-mediated lung tumor suppression
Authors: Ruirui Kong, Fengshuang Yi, Pushuai Wen, Jianghong Liu, Xiaoping Chen, Jinqi Ren, Xiaofei Li, Yulong Shang, Yongzhan Nie, Kaichun Wu, Daiming Fan, Li Zhu, Wei Feng, Jane Y. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Emerging evidence indicates that the neuronal guidance molecule SLIT plays a role in tumor suppression, as SLIT-encoding genes are inactivated in several types of cancer, including lung cancer; however, it is not clear how SLIT functions in lung cancer. Here, our data show that SLIT inhibits cancer cell migration by activating RhoA and that myosin 9b (Myo9b) is a ROBO-interacting protein that suppresses RhoA activity in lung cancer cells. Structural analyses revealed that the RhoGAP domain of Myo9b contains a unique patch that specifically recognizes RhoA. We also determined that the ROBO intracellular domain interacts with the Myo9b RhoGAP domain and inhibits its activity; therefore, SLIT-dependent activation of RhoA is mediated by ROBO inhibition of Myo9b. In a murine model, compared with control lung cancer cells, SLIT-expressing cells had a decreased capacity for tumor formation and lung metastasis. Evaluation of human lung cancer and adjacent nontumor tissues revealed that Myo9b is upregulated in the cancer tissue. Moreover, elevated Myo9b expression was associated with lung cancer progression and poor prognosis. Together, our data identify Myo9b as a key player in lung cancer and as a ROBO-interacting protein in what is, to the best of our knowledge, a newly defined SLIT/ROBO/Myo9b/RhoA signaling pathway that restricts lung cancer progression and metastasis. Additionally, our work suggests that targeting the SLIT/ROBO/Myo9b/RhoA pathway has potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Abstract 2677: Reduction In <i>Tie-2+/flk-1+</i> Vascular Stem Cells In Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm With Dissections: A Novel Contributor To Acellular Lesion Development
Authors: Yong-Jian Geng, Dongchun Guo, Dianna M Milewicz, L. Maximillian Buja, Jinjie Wang, Shuping Ge
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background. Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms leading to type A dissections (TAAD) are a life-threatening disease triggered by a complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Pathologically, this disease is characterized by a progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular elastic fibers in the aortic media. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to contribute to the loss of medial SMCs. However, little is known about the role of vascular progenitor or stem cells in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms. Methods and Results. In this study we examined expression of Tie-2 (receptor for angiopoietin) and Flk-1 (receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth factor), two receptors critical for regulation of vascular stem cell survival and growth in the aortic lesions of patients with TAAD. Immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against Tie-2 and Flk-1 showed a marked reduction in the numbers of Tie+/Flk+ cells in TAAD when compared to control aortas. There was also a change in the distribution pattern of vascular progenitor cells positive for both Tie-2 and Flk-1 in TAAD patients’ aortic tissues. Compared to normal control aortas, the Tie-2 and Flk-1 immunostained cells were much lower in intensity and scattered. In the regions with paucity of Tie-2+/Flk-1+ cells, there was an increased number of apoptotic cells as determined by in situ DNA end-labeling (TUNEL). Many of the Tie-2 and Flk-1 positive cells in TAAD showed poor morphology with nuclear degeneration and cytoplasmic fragmentation and disarray. Conclusion . These results indicate a paucity of Tie-2+/Flk-1+ vascular stem cells in the aortic wall of patients with TAAD, implying that the stem cell capacity to regenerate SMCs is exhausted. Similar loss of stem cells is observed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the regenerated capacity is significantly compromised. Stem cells loss may similarly impair the capacity of SMCs in aortic tissue in repair and regeneration, and ultimately lead to TAAD formation.
Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from inpatients with infected diabetic foot ulcers in an Algerian University Hospital
Authors: N. Djahmi, N. Messad, S. Nedjai, A. Moussaoui, D. Mazouz, J.-L. Richard, A. Sotto, J.-P. Lavigne
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Pulmonary tuberculosis relapses: A report of 44 cases
Authors: Lotfi Nacef, Omar Saighi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  TB relapse is defined as any case of pulmonary tuberculosis treated, cured, and in whom TB is diagnosed on the basis of a smear or culture bacteriologically positive. it incidence in Algeria is 4.97%.   Aims and objectives:  The aim of our study is to clarify the characteristics of the epidemiology, predisposing factors and diagnosis aspect of TB relapse.   Methods:  Our retrospective study concerned 44 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses confirmed among 559 patients, treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in the TB control unit of Blida between January 2005 and December 2009.   Results:  Our series has assembled 27 men and 17 women with a mean age of 37 years, 86% of cases have already been treated for over one year for pulmonary tuberculosis. Comorbidities were found in 39% of cases, including diabetes (16% of cases) and psychiatric disease (6% of cases). The study notes the occurrence of relapse in 41% of cases during the first quarter of the year. Bacteriological confirmation of relapse by smear sputum was positive in 95% of the cases, the culture of BK was contributory in 5% of cases. The radiological involvement is bilateral in 50% of cases, moderate extent in 60% of cases, and with excavations in 93% of the cases. The second line TB treatment (2SRHZE/1RHZE/5RH) was introduced in all patients with a good outcome in the majority of cases, however we regret one treatment failure, and 4 cases of surrendering treatment. The radiological progression after 8 months of treatment, notes a cure without sequelae in 23 cases and with sequelae in 14 cases.   Conclusions:  We emphasize the frequency of relapse tuberculosis and their need for adequate care with regular monitoring to avoid the transition to chronicity.
Twice-Weekly Paclitaxel and Weekly Carboplatin With Concurrent Thoracic Radiation Followed by Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Consolidation for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A California Cancer Consortium Phase II Trial
Authors: Derick Lau, Bryan Leigh, David Gandara, Martin Edelman, Robert Morgan, Valerie Israel, Primo Lara, Richard Wilder, Janice Ryu, James Doroshow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Recent studies have suggested the superiority of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and the efficacy of paclitaxel/carboplatin in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In view of those results, we sought to examine the safety and efficacy of administration of radiosensitizing paclitaxel twice weekly and carboplatin weekly with concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (XRT) followed by consolidation paclitaxel and carboplatin for stage III NSCLC in a multi-institutional phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Induction chemoradiotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 30 mg/m 2 delivered intravenously (IV) for 1 hour twice weekly for 6 weeks, carboplatin at a dose based on an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 1.5 mg/mL × min, given IV once weekly for 6 weeks, and concomitant XRT of 1.8 to 2.0 Gy daily for a total of 61 Gy. Patients who achieved a complete response, partial response, or stable disease received two 21-day cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel 200 mg/m 2 IV for 3 hours and carboplatin at a dose based on an AUC of 6 mg/mL × min. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were eligible. Their median age was 62 years (range, 39 to 73 years), 59% were female, 41% were male, 94% had a performance status of 0 or 1, 38% had stage IIIA NSCLC, and 62% had stage IIIB NSCLC. Common grade III and IV toxicities during the induction chemoradiation phase included esophagitis (38%) and neutropenia (12%). The most common adverse reaction during consolidation chemotherapy was grade III neutropenia in five patients (15%). The overall response rate was 71%, which was achieved in the induction phase. The median follow-up was 20 months, the median survival was 17 months, and 2-year actuarial survival rate was 40% (95% confidence interval, 20% to 65%). CONCLUSION: This regimen is tolerable and results are promising. We recommend further evaluation of this regimen in a phase III trial.
Correlation between airway smooth muscle (ASM) and eosinophilic inflammation in severe non-controlled asthmatics
Authors: Regina Maria Carvalho-Pinto, Alberto Cukier, Thais Mauad, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Marcelo Gervilla Gregório, Ruy Camargo Pires Neto, Aila Mirtes Teles, Klaus F. Rabe, Rafael Stelmach
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Airway muscle hypertrophy is a surrogate of airway remodeling and eosinophilia in induced sputum (IS) is associated to lack of asthma control.  Objective: Compare the amount of ASM in endobronchial biopsies with eosinophils %(Eos) in IS in severe asthmatics after optimal treatment.  Methods: 62 severe asthmatics received a 2-week prednisone trial and high inhaled corticosteroid dose (ICs) plus LABA for 12 weeks and were classified according to lung function after the 2-week oral corticosteroid trial. Persistent airflow obstruction (PAO) was defined by FEV 1 post BD  1 /FVC post BD ≤0.70. IS and bronchial biopsies were performed at the end of the 12 weeks. The fractional area of ASM, assessed by quantification of alpha-smooth muscle actin, and Eos% and neutrophils% (Neu) in IS were assessed.  Results: 48 patients were classified as PAO,14 as non persistent airflow obstruction (NPAO). The fractional area of ASM was higher in PAO (p=0,041), but Neu% and Eos% in IS was not different between groups. There was a strong inverse correlation between IS Eos and total area muscle actin (r = -0.83, p=0.001) in the NPAO and a positive correlation in the PAO group (r = 0.36, p = 0.038). No correlations were found with Neu.  Conclusion: Persistent obstructed severe asthmatics have more smooth muscle in airways. In patients that normalize lung function after optimal treatment, Eo inflammation is inversely associated with ASM mass in the biopsies, whereas the opposite occurs in persistent obstructed patients. These data suggest that structural alterations, in parallalel with inflammation, are related to functional abnormalities in the persistent obstructed patients.
Sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil for the treatment of node-negative breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors: eight-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-13 and first report of findings from NSABP B-19 comparing methotrexate and fluorouracil with conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil.
Authors: B Fisher, J Dignam, E P Mamounas, J P Costantino, D L Wickerham, C Redmond, N Wolmark, N V Dimitrov, D M Bowman, A G Glass, J N Atkins, N Abramson, C M Sutherland, B S Aron, R G Margolese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

To compare sequential methotrexate (M) and fluorouracil (F) (M-->F) with surgery (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] B-13) and cyclophosphamide (C), M, and F with M-->F (NSABP B-19), in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors and negative axillary nodes.A total of 760 patients were randomized to B-13; 1,095 patients with the same eligibility requirements were randomized to B-19. Disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and survival were determined using life-table estimates.A significant benefit in overall DFS (74% v 59%; P < .001) was demonstrated at 8 years in all B-13 patients who received M-->F (69% v 56% [P = .006] in those <or= 49 years of age, and 81% v 63% [P = .002] in those >or= 50 years). A survival advantage was evident in older patients (89% v 80%; P = .03). In B-19, through 5 years, an overall DFS advantage (82% v 73%; P < .001) and a borderline survival advantage (88% v 85%; P = .06) were evident with CMF. The DFS (84% v 72%; P < .001) and survival (89% v 84%; P = .04) benefits from CMF were greater in women aged <or= 49 years. M-->F or CMF after lumpectomy and breast irradiation resulted in a low probability of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). In B-13, the frequency of IBTR was 2.6% following M-->F versus 13.4% in women treated by lumpectomy; it was 0.6% following CMF in B-19. Toxicity >or= grade 3 was more frequent among CMF patients in B-19. The age-related difference in CMF benefit was not related to amount of drug received.M-->F and CMF are effective for node-negative patients with ER-negative tumors. The incidence of local-regional or distant metastases and IBTR decreased after either therapy. The benefit from either therapy was evident in all patients, but the CMF advantage was greater in those <or= 49 years. Because it is less toxic, M-->F may be used in patients with medical problems that would preclude CMF administration.
Role of Fat, Animal Protein, and Dietary Fiber in Breast Cancer Etiology: A Case-Control Study2
Authors: Flora Lubin, Yochanan Wax, Baruch Modan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Role of Fat, Animal Protein, and Dietary Fiber in Breast Cancer Etiology: A Case-Control Study Get access Flora Lubin, Flora Lubin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yochanan Wax, Yochanan Wax Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Baruch Modan Baruch Modan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 3, September 1986, Pages 605–612, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.605 Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Received: 21 May 1985 Revision received: 14 April 1986 Accepted: 28 April 1986 Published: 01 September 1986