tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in United States Automated Claims. Incidence, Prevalence, and Algorithm Validation
Authors: Daina B. Esposito, Stephan Lanes, Macarius Donneyong, Crystal N. Holick, Joseph A. Lasky, David Lederer, Steven D. Nathan, Sean O’Quinn, Joseph Parker, Trung N. Tran
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Estimates of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) incidence and prevalence from electronic databases without case validation may be inaccurate.Develop claims algorithms to identify IPF and assess their positive predictive value (PPV) to estimate incidence and prevalence in the United States.We developed three algorithms to identify IPF cases in the HealthCore Integrated Research Database. Sensitive and specific algorithms were developed based on literature review and consultation with clinical experts. PPVs were assessed using medical records. A third algorithm used logistic regression modeling to generate an IPF score and was validated using a separate set of medical records. We estimated incidence and prevalence of IPF using the sensitive algorithm corrected for the PPV.We identified 4,598 patients using the sensitive algorithm and 2,052 patients using the specific algorithm. After medical record review, the PPVs of these algorithms using the treating clinician's diagnosis were 44.4 and 61.7%, respectively. For the IPF score, the PPV was 76.2%. Using the clinical adjudicator's diagnosis, the PPVs were 54 and 57.6%, respectively, and for the IPF score, the PPV was 83.3%. The incidence and period prevalences of IPF, corrected for the PPV, were 14.6 per 100,000 person-years and 58.7 per 100,000 persons, respectively.Sensitive algorithms without correction for false positive errors overestimated incidence and prevalence of IPF. An IPF score offered the greatest PPV, but it requires further validation.
Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat
Authors: Eung Ju Kim, Hong Seog Seo, Sungeun Kim, Jin Oh Na, Jae Hyoung Park, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p&lt; 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p&lt; 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.
DNA Synthesis During Hormone-Dependent Mammary Tumor Regression in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R G Goya, Y E Sosa, C J Gómez
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A serial biopsy method was developed to study DNA synthesis in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors during the regression process induced by bromocryptine (CB-154) administration in highly inbred female SD rats. With this technique the changes in tumor size could be correlated with those of DNA synthesis in single regressing tumors. DNA synthesis was estimated by the in vitro incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA which correlated well (correlation coefficient r=0.95) with the in vivo mitotic activity of these neoplasms. Neither the biopsies themselves nor the estral status of the hosts affected significantly the rate of tumor DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis decreased sharply 4–8 days after the beginning of CB-154 treatment, whereas tumor shrinkage occurred more gradually. In conclusion, the serial biopsy method is a reliable technique for the estimation of changes in DNA synthesis in regressing DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors, whereas the measurement of the rate of tumor shrinkage is not.
Ross Procedure and Left Ventricular Mass Regression
Authors: Lennart F. Duebener, Ulrich Stierle, Armin Erasmi, Matthias F. Bechtel, David Zurakowski, Jürgen O. Böhm, Cornelius A. Botha, Wolfgang Hemmer, Joachim-Gerd Rein, Hans-H. Sievers
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Return of left ventricular mass to normal is considered to be a favorable result of aortic valve replacement. The Ross procedure provides near normal hemodynamics and thus allows studies of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling. LV mass regression may be influenced by surgical technique (subcoronary [SC] versus root replacement [RR]). Methods and Results— Data from the German Ross Registry were analyzed. A total of 646 patients (mean age: 43.6±12.7 years, range: 16 to 71 years; SC technique n=295, RR technique n=351) underwent a Ross procedure in 7 participating centers from 1990 to 2004. The patients underwent preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic evaluations. Mean follow-up time was 3.5±2.5 years (range 0.12 to 13.7 years). Follow-up completeness was 97%. The LV mass index (LVMI) decreased significantly during follow-up in both groups (SC: 209±53 preoperatively to 154±48 at 1-year follow-up, [ P &lt;0.01 versus preoperative values] to 149±51g/m 2 at 2-year follow-up, [ P =NS 1-year versus 2-year follow-up] versus RR: from 195±56 preoperatively to 144±51 at 1-year follow-up [ P &lt;0.01 versus preoperative values] to 140±49g/m 2 [ P =NS 1-year versus 2-year follow-up]). LVMI regression remained stagnant 1 year after the Ross procedure in most patients in both groups. On the basis of multivariate analysis, predictors for incomplete LVMI regression after the autograft procedure were high preoperative LVMI, smoking, and uncontrolled diastolic hypertension. Conclusions— At mid-term echocardiographic follow-up, patients of both groups had favorable autograft hemodynamics. Risk factors for incomplete postoperative LVMI regression in our study were smoking and persistent diastolic hypertension. This emphasizes the importance of cessation of smoking and treatment of arterial hypertension, even in younger patients, after corrected aortic valve disease.
Doctors must advocate for action on the high levels of child poverty:
Authors: David Taylor-Robinson, Sophie Wickham, Caoimhe McKenna, Rosie Kyeremateng, Samuel Massion, Ben Barr
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Torjesen highlights the UK government’s decision to abolish its current target for assessing child poverty, a measure of material disadvantage that is based on relative and absolute income.1 The downgrading of the existing target comes before the budget’s big cut in tax credits, which will probably increase child poverty. Alongside ditching the Child …
Activation of TRPV4 causes bronchoconstriction: A possible role in respiratory disease?
Authors: Sara J. Bonvini, John J. Adcock, Megan S. Grace, Katie E. Baker, Mark A. Birrell, Maria G. Belvisi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

TRPV4 is a calcium permeable member of the Transient Receptor Potential family of ion channels. It is expressed in human airway smooth muscle cells where it is thought to play a role in sensing osmolarity and pH changes within the lung (Jia,Y. et al , AJPLCMP 2004,287:272-278). During studies exploring the role of TRPV4 in the activation of airway sensory nerves, we observed that the selective agonist caused a substantial, sustained bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig (GP). As osmolarity and pH are known to be altered in respiratory diseases and excessive bronchoconstriction is a cardinal feature of the diseases, we hypothesised that TRPV4 activation could play a central role.  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRPV4 in contraction of the trachea and bronchi in the GP and also in donor human tissue.  Using an anaesthetised GP preparation, the TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790a, was found to cause a substantial, sustained contraction of GP trachea, and also caused a concentration dependant increase of PenH in the conscious GP model.  In vitro , isolated tracheal tissue from GPs and bronchial and tracheal strips from human lungs were sutured to force-displacement transducers in 10ml organ baths. GSK1016790a caused marked, concentration dependant contraction of both GP and human tissue, which was inhibited by the selective TRPV4 antagonist, HC-067047.  In summary, we have shown that activation of TRPV4 can cause bronchoconstriction in anaesthetised and conscious GPs. Furthermore, similar results were obtained using isolated human and GP airway smooth muscle. These results indicate that TRPV4 may play a central role in the bronchoconstriction observed in respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Incidence and description of autoimmune cytopenias during treatment with ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: K A Rogers, A S Ruppert, A Bingman, L A Andritsos, F T Awan, K A Blum, J M Flynn, S M Jaglowski, G Lozanski, K J Maddocks, J C Byrd, J A Woyach, J A Jones
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
The amount of endogenous particles in exhaled air is correlated to peripheral airway obstruction
Authors: Emilia Viklund, Per Gustafsson, Sanna Kjellberg, Per Larsson, Anna-Carin Olin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The peripheral airways, referred to as “the silent lung zone” when using spirometry, are involved especially in severe cases of clinical asthma. Obstruction of peripheral airways can be assessed with Inert Gas Washout (IGW) 1  . The technique of sampling endogenous particles in exhaled air (PEx-Particles in Exhaled air) is a patient friendly method reflecting the chemical composition of the Respiratory Tract Lining Fluid (RTLF) in the peripheral airways 2 . The relationship between obstruction of peripheral airways and the amount of PEx has not previously been examined.  We hypothesize that the amount of PEx will decrease with increasing peripheral obstruction.   Methods:  Forty eight subjects with asthma (22 females) performed multiple IGW, PEx, IOS and spirometry, post bronkodilatation.   Results:  PEx (pg/L) were not normally distributed, hence log transformation were used in statistical analysis. There was a statistically significant correlation between PEx and age (p   Conclusions:  The results support our hypothesis that obstruction of peripheral airways is related to the amount of PEx, that is the more peripheral obstruction, the less amount of PEx. Age is also an important variable in terms of amount of PEx. To chemically analyze the compounds in PEx from this study group is yet to be done.
Value of third sputum specimen for microscopic detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected patients
Authors: Majid Marjani, Payam Tabarsi, Parvaneh Baghaei, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Ali Akbar Velayati
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives:  This study performed to evaluate sensitivity of two versus three sputum smears for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with HIV co-infection.   Methods:  The study was done in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran. Data of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infection was gathered from 2006 to 2009. New cases of tuberculosis that their disease diagnosed by positive sputum smear with acid fast staining and confirmed by positive culture in Lowenstein Media were selected. Results of first, second and third sputum were assessed.   Results:  Among 133 HIV infected patients with mean age of 40±9.5 and mean CD4 cell count of 82±122 cells/mm 3  sensitivity of first, second and third sputum smears for detection of acid fast bacilli was 83.5%, 84.1% and 82% respectively. First or second sputum specimens were positive among 95% of them. Extra diagnostic yield of the third sample was only 5%.   Conclusion:  In HIV infected patients who are suspected to pulmonary tuberculosis, two sputum specimens are enough for primary evaluation.
Nocturnal asthma: snoring, small pharynx and nasal CPAP
Authors: C Guilleminault, M A Quera-Salva, N Powell, R Riley, A Romaker, M Partinen, R Baldwin, G Nino-Murcia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

We studied two populations of patients who snored and had frequent nocturnal asthma attacks: ten overweight men presenting with typical obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, and a group of five adolescents with regular snoring and an increase in negative inspiratory oesophageal pressure during stage II non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. All subjects presented cranio-mandibular abnormalities at cephalometric evaluation, with a narrow space behind the base of the tongue. Both populations were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep. Snoring and partial or complete airway obstruction were eliminated, as were the nocturnal asthma attacks. Two adolescents treated with upper airway surgery after nasal CPAP showed no nocturnal asthma at short-term follow-up. Nasal CPAP had no effect on daytime asthma. One hypothesis is that a subgroup of asthmatic patients with small pharynxes may have enhanced vagal stimulation during sleep compared with other asthmatic patients. This enhancement would be related to the repetitive Müller manoeuvres noted with airway obstruction during sleep. Combined with the local effects of snoring, this extra vagal stimulation would be a precipitating factor in nocturnal asthma attacks.
Recommendations in debate on psychiatric drugs are insufficiently justified
Authors: D. Tovey, R. Churchill, C. E. Adams, G. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We are a group of Cochrane editors who are responsible for Cochrane reviews relating to mental health. Like our colleague, Peter Gotzsche, we are writing in a personal capacity.1

We recognise that Peter has an important record as a renowned methodologist and researcher. However, we believe that in the head to head debate on whether psychiatric drugs cause …
Complete Remissions of Adult T-cell Leukemia with Anti-CD25 Recombinant Immunotoxin LMB-2 and Chemotherapy to Block Immunogenicity
Authors: Robert J. Kreitman, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Elaine S. Jaffe, Kevin C. Conlon, Seth M. Steinberg, Wyndham Wilson, Thomas A. Waldmann, Ira Pastan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is usually CD25(+) and rapidly fatal. Anti-CD25 recombinant immunotoxin LMB-2 had phase I activity limited by immunogenicity and rapid growth. To prevent antidrug antibodies and leukemic progression between cycles, a phase II trial was performed with LMB-2 after cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.ATL patients received cyclophosphamide and fludarabine days 1 to 3 and 2 weeks later began up to 6 cycles at 3-week intervals of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine days 1 to 3 followed by LMB-2 30-40 μg/kg i.v. days 3, 5, and 7. Three different dose levels of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine were used, 20+200 (n = 3), 25+250 (n = 12), and 30+300 mg/m(2) (n = 2).Of 17 patients enrolled and treated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for cycle-1, 15 received subsequent cycle(s) containing LMB-2 and were therefore evaluable for response. Lack of antibody formation permitted retreatment in most patients. Of 10 evaluable leukemic patients receiving 25+250 or 30+300 mg/m(2) of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, 6 (60%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 2 (20%) partial remission (PR), and all 5 with >25% leukemic cells achieved CR. No responses were achieved in 5 with lymphomatous ATL or lower fludarabine and cyclophosphamide doses. Median CR duration for the 6 CRs was 40 weeks. One is without detectable ATL at 47 months. Toxicity was mostly attributable to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Capillary leak from LMB-2 was non-dose limiting. One patient in CR died of a preexisting infection.LMB-2, administered with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide to prevent antidrug antibodies and rapid intercycle progression, is highly effective in achieving CR in leukemia ATL. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide dose/schedule is important for safety and efficacy in this high-risk population.
Which Cases Are Found and Missed by Neuroblastoma Screening at 1 Year? Results From the 1992 to 1995 Study in Three Federal States of Germany
Authors: F. Berthold, A. Baillot, B. Hero, P. Schurr, A. Nerenz, D.H. Hunneman, J. Sander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Neuroblastoma screening during the first half-year of life is associated with a two- to three-fold overdiagnosis. Because regression processes seem to be confined to infancy, we investigated whether screening at 1 year would be associated with fewer overdiagnoses, and we investigated the characteristics of thus-detected and not-detected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography was used for semiquantitative assessment of urine samples dried on filter paper and obtained when patients were 10 to 14 months old (sample 1) and 17 to 19 months old (sample 2). Abnormal results were reanalyzed quantitatively from the same specimen by high-performance liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A total of 200,054 children of the German federal states Lower Saxony, Northern Rhine-Westphalia, and Bremen were screened from May 1992 to April 1995. Of 229,078 investigated samples (100%), 228,245 (99.6%) were first, 657 (0.3%) were second, and 176 (0.08%) were third urine specimens. The compliance rate was 27.8%, but it continued to increase throughout the study period and in the last year it was 43.3%. The second screening offered at 18 months was accepted by only 12.1% (24,259) of the children. Thirty children underwent clinical examination, and nine asymptomatic neuroblastoma cases were detected (stage 1, n = 4; stage 2, n = 2; stage 3, n = 2; stage 4, n = 1; detection rate, 1:22,228). The results of 21 tests were false-positive. Ten children with false-negative test results presented 8 to 35 months later with neuroblastoma (stage 1 tumor, n = 1; stage 2, n = 1; stage 3, n = 1; stage 4, n = 7; five of nine tumors were N-myc–amplified tumors). Three children were nonsecretors at the time of diagnosis. Fifty-two patients were “missed” (not screened), and 37 children developed neuroblastoma before the age of screening (early cases). During the same period, a total of 23.6 cases per million children within the screening area and 24.0 cases per million children outside the screening area were diagnosed as neuroblastoma cases (not significant [NS]). In prescreening times in the area of the later screening states, 20.7 cases per million children were found (NS). CONCLUSION: Screening at 1 year of age demonstrated a lower detection rate than earlier screening programs and did not produce a “halo effect.” The good prognostic features of early-detected cases and the poor characteristics of not-detected-but-late-presenting cases corresponded to those of the related age groups.
Tezosentan in patients with acuteheart failure and acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Christopher M O’Connor, Wendy A Gattis, Kirkwood F Adams, Vic Hasselblad, Bleakley Chandler, Aline Frey, Isaac Kobrin, Maurizio Rainisio, Monica R Shah, John Teerlink, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Phase III Comparative Study of High-Dose Cisplatin Versus a Combination of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ulrich Gatzemeier, Joachim von Pawel, Maya Gottfried, G.P. M. ten Velde, Karin Mattson, Filipo DeMarinis, Peter Harper, Franco Salvati, Gilles Robinet, Antonio Lucenti, Jan Bogaerts, Gilles Gallant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

New effective chemotherapy is needed to improve the outcome of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Paclitaxel administered as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin has been shown to be a potentially new useful agent for the treatment of NSCLC.Between January 1995 and April 1996, 414 patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were randomized to received either a control arm of high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) or a combination of paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2), 3-hour infusion) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2)) every 21 days.Compared with the cisplatin-only arm, there was a 9% improvement (95% confidence interval, 0% to 19%) in overall response rate for the paclitaxel/cisplatin arm (17% v 26%, respectively; P=.028). Median time to progression was 2.7 and 4.1 months in the control and paclitaxel/cisplatin arm, respectively (P=.026). The study, however, failed to show a significant improvement in median survival for the paclitaxel/cisplatin arm (8.6 months in the control arm v 8.1 months in the paclitaxel/cisplatin arm, P=.862). There was more hematotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and arthralgia/myalgia on the paclitaxel/cisplatin arm, whereas the high-dose cisplatin arm produced more ototoxicity, nausea, vomiting, and nephrotoxicity. Quality of life (QOL) was similar overall between the two arms.This large randomized phase III trial failed to show a significant improvement in survival for the paclitaxel/cisplatin combination compared with high-dose cisplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the paclitaxel/cisplatin combination did produce a better clinical response, resulting in an increased time to progression while providing a similar QOL.
Human papillomavirus in young women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection 7 years after the Australian human papillomavirus vaccination programme: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Eric P F Chow, Jennifer A Danielewski, Glenda Fehler, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Matthew G Law, Catriona S Bradshaw, Suzanne M Garland, Marcus Y Chen, Christopher K Fairley
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)