tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children: A Handbook for Children's Doctors
Authors: W. Foster Eich
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Webster's Ninth Collegiate Dictionary</i>defines a "handbook" as "A concise reference book covering a particular subject." This book certainly meets that definition. There is some reference material here that I found hard to obtain elsewhere. I had some trouble deciding exactly whom the book is intended for. Clearly it is intended primarily for British physicians. American physicians will have little trouble with such Briticisms as "nappy" for "diaper" and "dummy" for "pacifier." But much of the reference material is based entirely on British populations. This necessarily limits the usefulness of the book for the American reader. Still, some of the material is quite useful, especially the discussion of developmental progress. The text is of uneven quality. In places it is very detailed; I learned a lot about the use of Bayes' theorem in genetic counseling. Bayes' theorem allows one to make the maximum use of probability, taking into account data
Failure to produce warts on human skin grafts on 'nude' mice
Authors: HEATHER A. CUBIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Split-thickness human skin was exposed to a suspension of human papilloma virus containing 10(11)-10(12) particles/ml, by immersion for varying lengths of time. It was then grafted onto the backs of congenitally athymic 'nude' mice. All grafts were accepted, but no warts developed during an observation period of up to 9 weeks.
Prosecution over drug price fixing collapses
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Five drug companies and nine directors accused of a multimillion pound conspiracy to swindle the NHS by fixing the prices of generic drugs are poised to escape criminal charges after a judge threw out the case against them, subject to appeal.

The eight year prosecution, which has cost taxpayers around £25m (€31m; $50m), looks set to collapse after the ruling by Mr Justice Pitchford at Southwark Crown Court last week. …
Conventional superficial X-ray versus Grenz ray therapy in the treatment of constitutional eczema of the hands
Authors: G.M. FAIRRIS, D.H. JONES, D.PATRICIA MACK, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Twenty‐five patients with symmetrical constitutional eczema of the hands, resistant to topical treatment, took part in a double‐blind trial which showed that 300 rad (3 Gy) of conventional superficial X‐ray therapy was superior to 900 rad (9 Gy) of Grenz ray therapy (both given in three divided doses at 21 day intervals).
Immunohistochemical detection of human basophils in late-phase skin reactions
Authors: Anne-Marie A. Irani, Candice Huang, Han-Zhang Xia, Christopher Kepley, Ala' Nafie, El Desouki Fouda, Shirley Craig, Burton Zweiman, Lawrence B. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Background: Human basophils are difficult to detect with classic histochemical stains at sites of allergic inflammation. The 2D7+ anti-basophil monoclonal antibody was used to identify basophils in skin during the late-phase response to a cutaneous allergen challenge. Methods: The 2D7+ monoclonal antibody was used on protease-digested sections of skin biopsy specimens obtained 6 and 24 hours after an allergen or buffer challenge. The skin chamber technique was used to compare buffer- and allergen-challenged sites at 6 hours, and intradermal injection of allergen was used to compare allergen-challenged sites at 6 and 24 hours. Results: Dramatic increases in the numbers of 2D7+ cells and in tissue staining by 2D7+ were observed 6 hours after allergen challenge compared with buffer challenge. Histamine levels in skin chamber fluid varied with 2D7+ cell concentrations. By 24 hours, 2D7+ cells and tissue staining appeared to diminish but were still detectable in the allergen-challenged sites. Basophils localized primarily in and around blood vessels, whereas mast cells remained mostly in the superficial dermis. Mast cells were 2D7− in both the allergen- and buffer-challenged skin. Metachromatic staining of 2D7 basophils with toluidine blue was absent in these tissue sections. Conclusions: The 2D7 monoclonal antibody provides a more sensitive and precise marker than histochemical staining for human basophil involvement during the late-phase response to an allergen challenge. Basophil infiltration was observed at 6 hours only after allergen challenge and persisted at similar levels by 24 hours. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:354-62.)
The Treatment of The Hiccups
Authors: William Lyon Phelps
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I be permitted an observation about a recent clinical experience, and an ancient, though still applicable, advice on its treatment. Recently I attended a 76-year-old gentleman who had severe pulmonary emphysema, marked arteriosclerosis, and a long-standing hiatus hernia. He was plagued with a persistent hiccup. Treatment with various sedatives, nasogastric suction, and carbon dioxide inhalations had been ineffective. Phrenic block, anaesthesia, or muscle relaxants were considered hesitantly, because of the patient's poor pulmonary function. One night he had a short-lasting, but massive emesis. Since then his hiccup has subsided. A few days later I came across the following from Plato's<i>Symposium</i>: "... and when you stop your hiccup you will speak... hold your breath a long time and see if the hiccup will stop; if it won't, gargle water. But if it still goes strong, pick up something to tickle your nose with, and sneeze; do this
The regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the isolated perfused rat liver.
Authors: A D Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The effect of perfusion of an isolated rat liver on hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was studied. In liver removed during the basal period of the diurnal cycle of enzyme activity, a 227 +/- 41% increase in enzyme activity occurred after 3 h of a plasma-free perfusion. This could be prevented by the addition of cycloheximide or pure cholesterol (dispersed with lecithin) to the perfusate. In contrast, the continuous addition of taurocholate or taurochenodeoxycholate, alone or in combination, at a variety of rates did not prevent the increase in enzyme activity. The added bile salts were efficiently extracted from the perfusate and excreted in the bile. The addition of these bile salts to a cholesterol-enriched perfusate did not alter the effect obtained with cholesterol alone. If the perfusate contained whole serum, the increase induced by perfusion in the basal period was smaller (88 +/- 27%) than with plasma-free perfusate. Again, the major bile salts of the rat failed to prevent the increase in enzyme activity induced by liver perfusion. If livers were removed and perfused at the height of the diurnal cycle of enzyme activity, the enzyme activity remained high (2 +/- 10% increase) rather than decreasing, as occurs in vivo. If cholesterol was added to these perfusions, a 52 +/- 4% decrease was induced. Bile salt addition induced no decrease. From the results it is concluded that the major bile salts are not direct regulators of hepatic cholesterol synthesis, but pure cholesterol, in the absence of bile salt or lipoprotein, is able to initiate the mechanism that represses hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.
Episodic Abdominal and Chest Pain in a Young Adult
Authors: Marcello Migliore, Maria Signorelli
Journal: JAMA (2012)

-dominal pain for a year. He stopped playing water polo because of re-current severe abdominal pain in his right and left upper quadrant. Hewas evaluated for suspected pancreatitis, but all diagnostic results were unre-markable. A few weeks later he was admitted for acute chest pain, and again alldiagnostic results were unremarkable. In 1 year the patient had 7 hospital ad-missions for abdominal or chest pain with no episodes of fever, chills, sweats,or cough. There is no history of trauma. The patient is currently treated withketoprofen, oral morphine, and anxiolytic drugs. He spends almost all day inbed but is unable to sleep in a prone position and has pain in his throat. He hastaken a leave of absence from college and reduced his social activities. The pa-tienthasreceivedinjectionsofcortisoneandketoprofeninthexiphoidareaad-ministered 10 days apart; however, pain persists. Physical examination is re-markableforconsiderablepainoverthexiphoidonpalpation.Slightpainiselicitedonexaminationoftherightsecondandthirdsternocostalcartilages.Chestcom-puted tomography (CT) has been performed several times with interpretationsranging from osteochondritis to xiphoid fracture (
Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes glomerular injury and renal failure in rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Guillaume Bollée, Martin Flamant, Sandra Schordan, Cécile Fligny, Elisabeth Rumpel, Marine Milon, Eric Schordan, Nathalie Sabaa, Sophie Vandermeersch, Ariane Galaup, Anita Rodenas, Ibrahim Casal, Susan W. Sunnarborg, David J. Salant, Jeffrey B. Kopp, David W. Threadgill, Susan E. Quaggin, Jean Claude Dussaule, Stéphane Germain, Laurent Mesnard, Karlhans Endlich, Claude Boucheix, Xavier Belenfant, Patrice Callard, Nicole Endlich, Pierre Louis Tharaux
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
A Phase II Study of Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Exisulind in Patients with Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 30104
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Xiaofei Wang, Maria Q. Baggstrom, Susan Burdette-Radoux, Lydia Hodgson, Everett E. Vokes, Mark R. Green
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Itraconazole‐enhanced vindesine neurotoxicity in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Suning Chen, Depei Wu, Aining Sun, Huiying Qiu, Zhengming Jin, Xiaowen Tang, Miao Miao, Zhengzheng Fu, Xiao Ma, Yue Han, Xiaohui Hu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)
Caring for the Patient With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The brave work of Volicer et al<sup>1</sup>is to be saluted because it represents medicine struggling to regain control over decision making and technology. Nowhere is this more crucial than in caring for the patient with end-stage Alzheimer's disease, where the goal of patient comfort can be so easily ruined by strict, unthinking adherence to standard medical procedures. The hospice approach has been greatly facilitated by the consensus developed among nurses, physicians, social workers, and families. This is not only good care, it is an essential strategy for medicine in the struggle against legalistic determination of a type of care that nobody wants. As Dr Lynn's editorial<sup>2</sup>emphasizes, the guiding principle has to be to make the most humane decisions possible for each particular patient with Alzheimer's disease. When physician, nurse, social worker, administrator, and family all stand together on this, outsiders trying to dictate
Fogging in Infrared Tympanic and Ear Thermometry
Authors: Lutz A. Kiesow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 April 1995Fogging in Infrared Tympanic and Ear ThermometryLutz A. Kiesow and Catherine M. HurleyLutz A. KiesowLegacy Portland Hospitals, Portland, OR 97227.Search for more papers by this author and Catherine M. HurleyLegacy Portland Hospitals, Portland, OR 97227.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Assessment of body temperature is such a routine aspect of initial patient encounters that the accuracy of thermometry is readily taken for granted. Such trust in thermometry has been extended to the new infrared ear or tympanic thermometers.The infrared sensors of these devices are inserted to variable depths in the ear canal and measure, without direct thermal contact, the infrared radiation emitted by the tympanic membrane or adjacent skin linings. An enclosed cavity delineated by the tympanic membrane, ear canal, and the infrared probe tip is created, with the probe tip as the coldest surface. Water ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Legacy Portland Hospitals, Portland, OR 97227. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe vagaries of ear temperature assessmentA difference of 5°C between ear and rectal temperatures in a febrile patient 15 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 8Page: 634-635KeywordsSweatTemperatureThermometers Issue Published: 15 April 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Recommendations for live viral and bacterial vaccines in immunodeficient patients and their close contacts
Authors: William T. Shearer, Thomas A. Fleisher, Rebecca H. Buckley, Zuhair Ballas, Mark Ballow, R. Michael Blaese, Francisco A. Bonilla, Mary Ellen Conley, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Ramsay Fuleihan, Erwin W. Gelfand, Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo, Steven M. Holland, Richard Hong, Howard M. Lederman, Harry L. Malech, Stephen Miles, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Hans D. Ochs, Jordan S. Orange, Jennifer M. Puck, John M. Routes, E. Richard Stiehm, Kathleen Sullivan, Troy Torgerson, Jerry Winkelstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The Evolution of the Mental Status—Past and Future
Authors: JOHN DONNELLY, MERVIN ROSENBERG, WILLIAM P. FLEESON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

There is a need in psychiatry for a system of recording objective observations that are both clinically accurate and conducive to statistical analysis and comparison. The absence of such a system has traditionally served to discourage communication between psychiatry and the natural sciences as well as to hinder it within the profession itself. In an ongoing program at the Institute of Living designed to resolve this problem, data processing techniques have been designed to fit the requirements of psychiatric record-keeping. The most recent addition is the automated mental status examination, which the authors describe here.
The Bounds of Charity
Authors: John W. O'Donnell, James H. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Challenges to the tax-exempt status of not-for-profit hospitals have been a recurring issue for most of this decade. The favorable tax treatment accorded not-for-profit hospitals has been reexamined at all levels for which taxing authority exists.1 Large federal deficits and aggressive business-oriented activities of not-for-profit hospitals have motivated Congress and the Internal Revenue Service to look closely at the hospitals' federal-income-tax exemptions and at how they determine the taxes they pay on unrelated business income. State and local governments, watching local hospitals become larger, more driven by financial considerations, and often affiliated with regional or national alliances, have attempted to . . .
HERS AFTER A WILD RODENT BITE IN THE HAUTE-SAVOIE—AND RISK OF EXPOSURE TO HANTAAN-UKE VIRUS IN A PARIS LABORATORY
Authors: E. Dournon, B. Moriniere, S. Matheron, P.M. Girard, J.-P. Gonzalez, F. Hirsch, J.B. Mccormick
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Injuries in Iranian elite female volleyball players
Authors: Aazam Barani, Nader Rahnama, Effat Bambaeichi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is the fourth most common source of sports injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of injury among Iranian elite female volleyball players. Seventy-four players from five teams which participated in 2006–2007 Iran female volleyball leagues were studied. The information related to injury were collected using injury report form that completed by teams physicians. Descriptive statistics and χ 2 test were used for analyses of data. In total 49 injuries was noted that 77.8% of them occurred in lower extremities and 18.5% in upper extremities and 3.7% in trunk. Most common sites of injury were ankle (51.8%) and knee (22.2%). Most common type of injuries was sprain (55.6%) and strain (18.5%). The majority of injuries were occurred in spiker (55.6%), setters (25.9%) and libero (18.5%) (χ 2 = 10.93, p&lt;0.05). Spikers injured mostly in ankle and knee, setters in fingers and libero in wrist. There was no difference between contact and non-contact injuries (χ 2 = 1, p&gt;0.05). Rate of injuries during practice were significantly more than competition (χ 2 = 5.89, p&lt;0.05). Most of injuries were occurred because of landing from jumping. Rate of injuries that occurred in front line position were significantly higher than back line position (χ 2 = 5.81, p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, spikers was more prone to ankle and knee injury during landing from jump and sprain was most common type of injury and front line position critical zone in volleyball court. This information is useful for team's medical staff for covering the competition and also to design prevention strategies for minimising injury.
Sympathoinhibitory effects of atrial natriuretic factor in normal humans.
Authors: J S Floras
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In rats, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) reduces sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) reflexively by sensitizing cardiac mechanoreceptors with inhibitory vagal afferents. We performed three series of experiments in 26 normal young men to document whether ANF inhibits SNA in humans and if so, to determine potential mechanisms for this phenomenon. First, we recorded muscle SNA before and during brief infusions of ANF, vehicle (saline solution), and sodium nitroprusside, titrated to achieve reductions similar to those produced by ANF in diastolic pressure and central venous pressure, and we also assessed the effect of ANF on sympathetic nerve responses to a cold pressor test (CPT). Second, we determined the effect of ANF on Doppler-derived measurements of cardiac output and responses to hypotensive (-40 mm Hg) lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) and its sudden cessation. Third, we applied nonhypotensive (-15 mm Hg) LBNP to selectively unload cardiopulmonary baroreceptors, and we released LBNP to stimulate these inhibitory afferents during sequential infusions of nitroglycerin, vehicle (saline solution), and ANF. Our key findings were that 1) reductions in arterial and central venous pressures during ANF infusion were not accompanied by anticipated reflex increases in muscle SNA; 2) ANF blunted the increase in SNA with CPT; 3) ANF increased stroke volume and cardiac output; and 4) sympathoneural responses to both the application and the sudden cessation of nonhypotensive LBNP were attenuated, not augmented, by ANF. Changes in plasma norepinephrine concentrations reflected these sympathetic nerve responses to ANF. These results do not support the concept that ANF inhibits sympathetic outflow reflexively in humans by increasing discharge from cardiac mechanoreceptors with inhibitory vagal afferents but are consistent with either a central or a ganglionic sympathoinhibitory action of ANF. ANF could facilitate hypotension and natriuresis in humans by attenuating the reflex sympathetic response to baroreceptor deactivation.
P237 Emergency Oxygen Therapy: Do Medical Students Know More Than Doctors?
Authors: A Hughes, H Shillingford, L Hainsworth, R Haigh, M Wijesinghe
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Oxygen therapy is a life safe drug which should be administered in accordance with British Thoracic Society Guidelines<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the knowledge of medical students, foundation doctors and specialist registrars on emergency oxygen therapy in a district general hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was sent to all medical students, foundation doctors and specialist registrars, studying or working at our hospital. Six clinical scenarios were given and the student or doctor was asked to indicate how much oxygen they would administer from a choice of five possible options. <h3>Results</h3> Out of a total of 283 surveys sent, there were 129 responses which included responses from 18 specialist registrars 33 foundation doctors and 77 medical students. The medical students answered 54.5% correctly, foundation doctors 58% correctly and specialist registrars 47.5% correctly. Overall, across all grades, participants were aware of the indications for high flow oxygen. However there was a poor appreciation of the need for controlled oxygen in patients with certain comorbidites such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute coronary syndrome and morbid obesity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This survey has shown a poor understanding of oxygen therapy in many emergency situations. Of concern, the knowledge of our registrars dealing with medical emergencies was poorer than the foundation doctors and medical students. This may be a reflection that since the BTS emergency oxygen guidelines production, teaching on emergency oxygen has now become an integral part of medical student teaching which more senior doctors will not have benefited from. Education on oxygen therapy should be mandatory in medical schools and also to doctors in all grades throughout the trust. O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Davison AG. BTS guideline for emergency oxygen use in adult patients. <i>Thorax</i> 2008; 63: Supplement VI
Medical Ethics: Evolution, Rights and the Physician
Authors: David DeGrazia
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In<i>Medical Ethics: Evolution, Rights and the Physician</i>, Henry A. Shenkin attempts to develop an evolutionary basis for ethics (part 1) and then apply that framework to various issues in medical ethics (part 2). Although many of the discussions in part 2 are illuminating, the framework of part 1 is highly problematic and has little relevance to the later discussions. <h3>Part 1</h3> —whose chapter headings are "Ethical Theory," "Dual Evolution: Ethics, the Law, Rights," and "Bases for Medical Ethics"—seriously misconstrues ethical theories and the nature of ethical argumentation. There is a consistent failure to distinguish issues in normative ethics, which concerns what one<i>should</i>do and why; metaethics, which concerns the philosophical foundations of normative ethics—like a matter of<i>justification</i>; and psychology, which includes<i>explanations</i>of actual thought processes and behavior (pp 3,5, 9). Misunderstanding of ethical theories is illustrated, in just a few pages, by false assertions that (1)