tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dennis Michael O'Donoghue
Authors: R. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Dennis Michael O’Donoghue (“Don”) was educated at Christchurch Boys’ High School and the University of New Zealand. He had initial training in anaesthesia in Christchurch and completed this at University College Hospital (UCH), London. He was appointed consultant anaesthetist to the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in 1953 and later to UCH. …
Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Endothelin-1–Induced Contraction and Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation
Authors: Jun Feng, Louis M. Chu, Michael P. Robich, Richard T. Clements, Kamal R. Khabbaz, Robert Hagberg, Yuhong Liu, Robert M. Osipov, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2010)

We investigated the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the contractile response of human peripheral microvasculature to endothelin-1 (ET-1), examined the role of specific ET receptors and protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α), and analyzed ET-1-related gene/protein expression in this response.Human skeletal muscle arterioles (90 to 180 μm in diameter) were dissected from tissue harvested before and after CPB from 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In vitro contractile response to ET-1 was assessed by videomicroscopy, with and without an endothelin-A (ET-A) receptor antagonist, an endothelin-B (ET-B) antagonist, or a PKC-α inhibitor. The post-CPB contractile response of peripheral arterioles to ET-1 was significantly decreased compared with pre-CPB response. The response to ET-1 was significantly inhibited in the presence of the ET-A antagonist BQ123 but unchanged in the presence of the ET-B receptor antagonist BQ788. Pretreatment with the PKC-α inhibitor safingol reversed ET-1-induced response from contraction to relaxation. The total protein levels of ET-A and ET-B receptors were not altered after CPB. Microarray analysis showed no significant changes in the gene expression of ET receptors, ET-1-related proteins, and protein kinases after CPB.CPB decreases myogenic contractile function of human peripheral arterioles in response to ET-1. The contractile response to ET-1 is through activation of ET-A receptors and PKC-α. CPB has no effects on ET-1-related gene/protein expression. These results provide novel mechanisms of ET-1-induced contraction in the setting of vasomotor dysfunction after cardiac surgery.
Clinical responses to bone marrow transplantation in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Edwin M. Horwitz, Darwin J. Prockop, Patricia L. Gordon, Winston W. K. Koo, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Michael D. Neel, M. Elizabeth McCarville, Paul J. Orchard, Reed E. Pyeritz, Malcolm K. Brenner
Journal: Blood (2001)
Incorporating the antidiabetic drug metformin in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab: an ongoing clinical–translational research experience at the Catalan Institute of Oncology
Authors: B. Martin-Castillo, J. Dorca, A. Vazquez-Martin, C. Oliveras-Ferraros, E. Lopez-Bonet, M. Garcia, S. del Barco, J.A. Menendez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Management of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Joseph P. Engel
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Problems of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with injuries to the spinal cord are considered in the light of experience with 55 such patients since 1956. Decubitus ulcers, spasticity, pain in the trunk and extremities, and genitourinary infections were the most frequent difficulties. The results varied. Not all patients with spinal cord injuries could be returned to their homes, since the persons and means needed to care for them so often were lacking. Nevertheless, the return to home care and to vocational activity was achieved in some cases with the help of surgery, adaptive devices, physical therapy, and special training. In the rehabilitation team, the referring physician plays an important role.
Simulation Modeling of the Tissue Disposition of Formaldehyde to Predict Nasal DNA-Protein Cross-Links in Fischer 344 Rats, Rhesus Monkeys, and Humans
Authors: Rory B. Conolly, Patrick D. Lilly, Julia S. Kimbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Formaldehyde inhalation causes formation of DNA-protein cross-links (DPX) in the nasal mucosa of Fischer 344 (F344) rats and rhesus monkeys. DPX are considered to be part of the mechanism by which cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde in laboratory animals are exerted, and DPX data have been used as a measure of tissue dose in cancer risk assessments for formaldehyde. Accurate prediction of DPX concentrations in humans is therefore desirable. The goal of this work was to increase confidence in the prediction of human DPX by refining earlier models of formaldehyde disposition and DPX kinetics in the nasal mucosa. Anatomically accurate, computational fluid dynamics models of the nasal airways of F344 rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans were used to predict the regional flux of formaldehyde to the respiratory and olfactory mucosa. A previously developed model of the tissue disposition of formaldehyde and of DPX kinetics was implemented in the graphical simulation tool SIMULINK and linked to the regional flux predictions. Statistical optimization was used to identify parameter values, and good simulations of the data were obtained. The parameter estimates for rats and monkeys were used to guide allometric scale-up to the human case. The relative levels of nasal mucosal DPX in rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans for a given inhaled concentration of formaldehyde were predicted by the model to vary with concentration. This modeling approach reduces uncertainty in the prediction of human nasal mucosal DPX resulting from formaldehyde inhalation.
Sympathovagal Balance Fluctuates During Colonoscopy
Authors: M. Petelenz, M. Gonciarz, P. Macfarlane, R. Rudner, P. Kawecki, J. Musialik, P. Jalowiecki, Z. Gonciarz
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aim: Colonoscopy is a common gastroenterological procedure for investigation of the bowel. The main side effects of colonoscopy are pain during investigation, cardiovascular complications and very rarely even death. The aim of this study was to compare the continuous fluctuation of heart rate variability (HRV) components during colonoscopy under normal conditions, analgesia/sedation, and total intravenous anesthesia. Patients and Methods: 37 consecutive patients (aged 35 - 65), were randomly allocated to three groups: no sedation (control group 1); analgesia/sedation (group 2); and total intravenous anesthesia (group 3). Holter electrocardiography and subsequent frequency domain analysis were undertaken. The low-frequency (LF, 0.04 - 0.15Hz) and the high-frequency (HF, 0.15 - 0.40Hz) components were estimated using spectral analysis in the usual way. Normalized units (nu) were calculated from the following equations: LFnu = LF/(LF + HF), and HFnu = HF/(LF + HF). Results: Groups 2 and 3 were found to have a significantly lower HFnu and higher LFnu than group 1 essentially throughout the procedure. A one-way analysis of variance and t-test confirmed that the differences were significant when the colonoscope reached the splenic flexure as were the LF/HF balances at the splenic and hepatic flexures and the cecum. The percentage change in LF/HF was also analyzed, and it was found that in group 3 the mean change was over 136 % when the colonoscope reached the sigmoid flexure, which was significantly higher than in the other two groups. Conclusion: Most changes in HRV components occurred during colonoscopy of the left side of the bowel. Analgesia/sedation and total intravenous anesthesia increased HRV by increasing the LF component.
Mosquito coil emissions and health implications.
Authors: Weili Liu, Junfeng Zhang, Jamal H Hashim, Juliana Jalaludin, Zailina Hashim, Bernard D Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Burning mosquito coils indoors generates smoke that can control mosquitoes effectively. This practice is currently used in numerous households in Asia, Africa, and South America. However, the smoke may contain pollutants of health concern. We conducted the present study to characterize the emissions from four common brands of mosquito coils from China and two common brands from Malaysia. We used mass balance equations to determine emission rates of fine particles (particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter; PM(2.5)), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aldehydes, and ketones. Having applied these measured emission rates to predict indoor concentrations under realistic room conditions, we found that pollutant concentrations resulting from burning mosquito coils could substantially exceed health-based air quality standards or guidelines. Under the same combustion conditions, the tested Malaysian mosquito coils generated more measured pollutants than did the tested Chinese mosquito coils. We also identified a large suite of volatile organic compounds, including carcinogens and suspected carcinogens, in the coil smoke. In a set of experiments conducted in a room, we examined the size distribution of particulate matter contained in the coil smoke and found that the particles were ultrafine and fine. The findings from the present study suggest that exposure to the smoke of mosquito coils similar to the tested ones can pose significant acute and chronic health risks. For example, burning one mosquito coil would release the same amount of PM(2.5) mass as burning 75-137 cigarettes. The emission of formaldehyde from burning one coil can be as high as that released from burning 51 cigarettes.
Influence of alternate sequences of epirubicin and docetaxel on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of both drugs in advanced breast cancer
Authors: G. Lunardi, M. Venturini, M.O. Vannozzi, G. Tolino, L. Del Mastro, C. Bighin, G. Schettini, M. Esposito
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Systemic Gene Delivery in Large Species for Targeting Spinal Cord, Brain, and Peripheral Tissues for Pediatric Disorders
Authors: Adam K Bevan, Sandra Duque, Kevin D Foust, Pablo R Morales, Lyndsey Braun, Leah Schmelzer, Curtis M Chan, Mary McCrate, Louis G Chicoine, Brian D Coley, Paul N Porensky, Stephen J Kolb, Jerry R Mendell, Arthur HM Burghes, Brian K Kaspar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) is a powerful tool for delivering genes throughout the central nervous system (CNS) following intravenous injection. Preclinical results in pediatric models of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and lysosomal storage disorders provide a compelling case for advancing AAV9 to the clinic. An important translational step is to demonstrate efficient CNS targeting in large animals at various ages. In the present study, we tested systemically injected AAV9 in cynomolgus macaques, administered at birth through 3 years of age for targeting CNS and peripheral tissues. We show that AAV9 was efficient at crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at all time points investigated. Transgene expression was detected primarily in glial cells throughout the brain, dorsal root ganglia neurons and motor neurons within the spinal cord, providing confidence for translation to SMA patients. Systemic injection also efficiently targeted skeletal muscle and peripheral organs. To specifically target the CNS, we explored AAV9 delivery to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF injection efficiently targeted motor neurons, and restricted gene expression to the CNS, providing an alternate delivery route and potentially lower manufacturing requirements for older, larger patients. Our findings support the use of AAV9 for gene transfer to the CNS for disorders in pediatric populations. Adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) is a powerful tool for delivering genes throughout the central nervous system (CNS) following intravenous injection. Preclinical results in pediatric models of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and lysosomal storage disorders provide a compelling case for advancing AAV9 to the clinic. An important translational step is to demonstrate efficient CNS targeting in large animals at various ages. In the present study, we tested systemically injected AAV9 in cynomolgus macaques, administered at birth through 3 years of age for targeting CNS and peripheral tissues. We show that AAV9 was efficient at crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at all time points investigated. Transgene expression was detected primarily in glial cells throughout the brain, dorsal root ganglia neurons and motor neurons within the spinal cord, providing confidence for translation to SMA patients. Systemic injection also efficiently targeted skeletal muscle and peripheral organs. To specifically target the CNS, we explored AAV9 delivery to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF injection efficiently targeted motor neurons, and restricted gene expression to the CNS, providing an alternate delivery route and potentially lower manufacturing requirements for older, larger patients. Our findings support the use of AAV9 for gene transfer to the CNS for disorders in pediatric populations.
Relation of Extracellular Fluid Volume to Arterial Pressure during Drug-Induced Saluresis
Authors: MICHAEL DAVIDOV, LILLIAN GAVRILOVICH, WILLIAM MROCZEK, FRANK A. FINNERTY
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The immediate fall in arterial pressure following furosemide in the 17 hypertensive patients studied was asociated with a decrease in plasma volume, cardiac output, and extracellular fluid volume, and an increase in urinary sodium excretion. A glucose infusion administered at the trough of hypotension in an amount exceeding the urinary output resulted in the return of arterial pressure to control levels in each patient. Although an increase in plasma volume was noted in each patient, it was significantly below control levels. The central venous pressure, cardiac output, and state of negative sodium balance following the glucose infusion remained unchanged, but the extracellular fluid volume had re-expanded. It would seem that the changes in arterial pressure either after furosemide or during the glucose infusion were related to changes in extracellular fluid. The fact that a decreased pressor response to norepinephrine following furosemide was associated with a decrease in extracellular fluid and the fact that expansion of extracellular fluid with glucose restored the pressor response to normal further document the importance of the extracellular fluid in the regulation of arterial pressure.
Tumor Chemoembolization: Target-Directed Drug Delivery or Tumor Embolization?
Authors: Donald Widder
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Kato et al (1981;245:1123) suggests the potential of therapeutic angiography in cancer chemotherapy. The synthesis of tumor embolization with local drug delivery is a conceptual and perhaps practical advance. Other current approaches include angiographic embolization<sup>1</sup>or mechanical occlusion of tumor vessels and surgical strategies such as ligation of the hepatic artery<sup>2</sup>in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The article raises the question of what specifically is causing tumor regression—infarction of tumor or local release of drug. I agree with Vincent P. Chuang, MD, and Sidney Wallace, MD (1981; 245:1151), that Kato's results can be attributed primarily to embolization rather than local drug delivery. Direct infusion of chemotherapeutic agents into tumors (Chuang and Wallace) or drugs encapsulated in "drug carriers"<sup>3</sup>have had marginal success because there is little retention of drug in the tumor bed. The drug freely passes into the
Electrocardiograph (ekgs) And Echocardiograph (ecos) Alterations Determined And Compared In Obese Adolescents With Asthma (oa) And Without Asthma (ona) (preliminary Results)
Authors: J.S. Calderon Rivera, B.E. del Rio Navarro, J.J.L. Sienra Monge
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A CD19-specific single-chain immunotoxin mediates potent apoptosis of B-lineage leukemic cells
Authors: M Schwemmlein, J Stieglmaier, C Kellner, M Peipp, D Saul, F Oduncu, B Emmerich, B Stockmeyer, P Lang, J D Beck, G H Fey
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Pulmonary Autograft -- The Optimal Substitute for the Aortic Valve?
Authors: Ronald C. Elkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

With the development of surgical techniques to replace diseased aortic valves by Bahnson et al.1 and independently by Hufnagel and Conrad,2 a quest began for the ideal, permanent substitute for the aortic valve. Various mechanical valves have been developed, but all have characteristics that produce less than optimal performance, and they necessitate permanent anticoagulant treatment. Tissue valves (such as porcine heterografts) do not require that the patient receive anticoagulants, but these valves have limited durability; even fully viable homograft transplants (recovered from a living donor at the time of cardiac transplantation) require the administration of immunosuppressive agents to prevent progressive . . .
Ketonuria in Hospitalized Patients With Non-Insului-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: M Papadakis, C Grunfeld
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Physicians routinely order urinary ketone testing for most patients with diabetes mellitus upon hospitalization, even in the absence of a history of diabetic ketoacidosis. To determine whether testing for urinary ketones is clinically useful in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), a retrospective review was undertaken of 152 charts of patients admitted to the hospital during a 6-mo period with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Of the 135 patients with NIDDM, 96% had routine testing performed for urinary ketones. Surprisingly, 26% of the patients with NIDDM had positive urine ketones at some time during hospitalization, and the degree of ketonuria was markedly greater than that of control NIDDM outpatients and nondiabetic hospitalized patients. However, ketonuria did not reflect diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketonuria was accompanied by significant hyperglycemia and most likely reflects relative insulinopenia. Only 23% of the episodes of ketonuria were acknowledged in the progress notes. Although NIDDM patients who had ketonuria in the hospital were more likely to be transiently treated with insulin than patients without ketonuria, in no instance did the progress notes state that a diagnostic test or change in therapy was ordered because of the presence of a positive test for urinary ketones. The primary goal for therapy of patients with NIDDM should remain good control of blood glucose. In the hospitalized patient in whom frequent blood glucose determinations are made, it is not clear that urinary ketone testing needs to be routinely done.
Ganoderic Acid C Isolated From Ganoderma Lucidum Suppress Lps-induced Macrophage Tnf- α Production By Down-regulating Mapk, Nf-kappab And Ap-1 Signaling Pathways
Authors: C. Liu, N. Yang, W. Folder, J. Cohn, R. Wang, X. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression induced by myocardial ischaemia: implications for coronary angiogenesis
Authors: S. Banai, D. Shweiki, A. Pinson, M. Chandra, G. Lazarovici, E. Keshet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The process of coronary collateral development is poorly understood. It is assumed that particular angiogenic factors are upregulated during episodes of myocardial ischaemia and act as a trigger for neovascularisation. However, the identity of these factors is unknown. The angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be hypoxia inducible, so this factor may mediate ischaemia induced angiogenesis in the heart. The aim of this study was to examine hypoxia inducibility of VEGF in cultured myocardial cells as well as in normally perfused and ischaemic porcine myocardium. Methods: (1) In vitro experiment: cultured rat myocardial cells were subjected to hypoxia, and steady state levels of VEGF mRNA were measured after 2 and 4 h of hypoxia. (2) In vivo experiment: myocardial ischaemia in pigs hearts was induced by repeated 2-10 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusions, separated by 20 min of reperfusion. Hearts were retrieved after 6 h of intermittent ischaemia. Total RNA was extracted from normal and ischaemic zones of the heart and processed for RNA blot hybridisation analysis. Results: In vitro experiment: as soon as 2-4 h after exposure of cultures to hypoxia, VEGF mRNA levels were significantly raised (6-10-fold). In vivo experiment: VEGF expression was significantly augmented in the ischaemic territory of the myocardium (three- to fivefold induction). Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction amplification of the reverse transcribed mRNA showed increased production of multiple forms of differentially spliced VEGF mRNA in the ischaemic myocardium. Conclusions: VEGF production in the myocardium is significantly upregulated by hypoxia in vitro and by ischaemia in vivo. These results suggest that VEGF is a likely mediator in the natural process of ischaemia induced myocardial neovascularisation. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1176-1179
Depression and Hypothyroidism-Reply
Authors: H. Rowland Pearsall
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In their letter, Calabrese and Gulledge raise concerns about whether patients referred for evaluation of depression or anergy may be more likely to have hypothyroidism than patients with depression accompanied by agitation or anxiety. They present data on depressed inpatients showing an 8% rate of augmented responses on TRH testing, which is similar to our findings in an inpatient population. Their data reemphasize our point that having "psychiatric" complaints or qualifying for a descriptive diagnosis will not help the clinician determine whether it is caused by a known and/or treatable illness. Patients seen for evaluation of depression may have either a primary affective disorder or one secondary to some medical illness. The presence of depressed mood, anergy, agitation, or anxiety is not sufficiently specific or sensitive to rule out secondary disorders such as hypothyroidism.<sup>1</sup>Diagnostic criteria such as those in<i>DSM III</i>are not sufficiently precise to
High Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Identifies Tumor-Initiating and Metastasis-Initiating Cells in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Christel van den Hoogen, Geertje van der Horst, Henry Cheung, Jeroen T. Buijs, Jenny M. Lippitt, Natalia Guzmán-Ramírez, Freddie C. Hamdy, Colby L. Eaton, George N. Thalmann, Marco G. Cecchini, Rob C.M. Pelger, Gabri van der Pluijm
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Metastatic progression of advanced prostate cancer is a major clinical problem. Identifying the cell(s) of origin in prostate cancer and its distant metastases may permit the development of more effective treatment and preventive therapies. In this study, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was used as a basis to isolate and compare subpopulations of primary human prostate cancer cells and cell lines. ALDH-high prostate cancer cells displayed strongly elevated clonogenicity and migratory behavior in vitro. More strikingly, ALDH-high cells readily formed distant metastases with strongly enhanced tumor progression at both orthotopic and metastatic sites in preclinical models. Several ALDH isoforms were expressed in human prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens of primary prostate tumors with matched bone metastases. Our findings suggest that ALDH-based viable cell sorting can be used to identify and characterize tumor-initiating and, more importantly perhaps, metastasis-initiating cells in human prostate cancer.
Status of Fluosol-DA 20%
Authors: Marietta Carr
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  In the article on Fluosol-DA 20%, 1 there is an error. A statement is made that the product is approved for marketing in Canada, Holland, and Italy. This is incorrect; Fluosol-DA 20% is not approved for marketing in Canada, although clinical studies are being performed there. In Holland, Fluosol-DA 20% is approved for humanitarian use in emergencies only, and in Italy, authorization to import Fluosol-DA 20% for the purpose of study under physician control was given.  We regret any misunderstanding on this point and merely wish to set the record straight.