tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of γδ T Cells Predicts Cytomegalovirus Infection Resolution in Kidney Transplants
Authors: Hannah Kaminski, Isabelle Garrigue, Lionel Couzi, Benjamin Taton, Thomas Bachelet, Jean-François Moreau, Julie Déchanet-Merville, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Pierre Merville
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid-organ transplantation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly if a CMV mutant strain with antiviral resistance emerges. Monitoring CMV-specific T cell response could provide relevant information for patient care. We and others have shown the involvement of Vδ2(neg) γδ T cells in controlling CMV infection. Here, we assessed if Vδ2(neg) γδ T cell kinetics in peripheral blood predict CMV infection resolution and emergence of a mutant strain in high-risk recipients of kidney transplants, including 168 seronegative recipients receiving organs from seropositive donors (D+R-) and 104 seropositive recipients receiving antithymocyte globulins (R+/ATG). Vδ2(neg) γδ T cell percentages were serially determined in patients grafted between 2003 and 2011. The growing phase of Vδ2(neg) γδ T cells was monitored in each infected patient, and the expansion rate during this phase was estimated individually by a linear mixed model. A Vδ2(neg) γδ T cell expansion rate of ˃0.06% per day predicted the growing phase. The time after infection at which an expansion rate of 0.06% per day occurred was correlated with the resolution of CMV DNAemia (r=0.91; P<0.001). At 49 days of antiviral treatment, Vδ2(neg) γδ T cell expansion onset was associated with recovery, whereas absence of expansion was associated with recurrent disease and DNAemia. The appearance of antiviral-resistant mutant CMV strains was associated with delayed Vδ2(neg) γδ T cell expansion (P<0.001). In conclusion, longitudinal surveillance of Vδ2(neg) γδ T cells in recipients of kidney transplants may predict CMV infection resolution and antiviral drug resistance.
High-Dose Chemotherapy as Initial Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed Testicular Cancer
Authors: S. Bhatia, R. Abonour, P. Porcu, R. Seshadri, C.R. Nichols, K. Cornetta, L.H. Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To assess the role of high-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapsed testicular cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August 1992 to April 1998, 65 patients with testicular cancer were treated with high-dose carboplatin and etoposide followed by peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation or autologous bone marrow transplantation rescue as initial salvage chemotherapy at Indiana University. An identical course was given after hematopoietic reconstitution. Postchemotherapy resection of residual disease was performed in selected patients with incomplete radiographic response associated with normalization of markers. The median follow-up was 39 months (range, 16 to 91 months). RESULTS: Thirty-seven (57%) of the 65 patients are continuously disease-free. Three additional patients are disease-free with subsequent surgery. High-dose chemotherapy was associated with significant morbidity but no treatment-related mortality. CONCLUSION: High-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage chemotherapy achieved impressive long-term survival with acceptable toxicity in patients with relapsed testicular cancer.
Surgical treatment of spinal cord compression in kidney cancer.
Authors: N Sundaresan, H Scher, G V DiGiacinto, A Yagoda, W Whitmore, I S Choi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Forty-three patients with renal-cell carcinoma underwent treatment for spinal cord compression over a 7-year period. Of these, 32 patients underwent surgery, while 11 patients underwent radiation alone. Before operation, 25 patients had relapsed following prior radiation, while seven others received postoperative radiation. A more aggressive surgical approach, tailored to the site of compression within the spinal canal, was used with the majority undergoing gross total tumor resection by an anterior approach. Immediate stability of the spine was achieved with methyl-methacrylate reconstruction of the resected segments. Preoperative spinal angiography with embolization of hypervascular tumors was carried out in eight patients. Patient parameters in the surgical and irradiated groups were comparable, except that a greater proportion of the radiation alone group had more than one organ system involved (64% v 44%). The median survival of the surgically treated patients was 13 months, compared with 3 months for those treated by radiation alone. In addition, a greater proportion of the surgically treated patients were benefitted neurologically (70%) compared with those treated by radiation (45%). With the development of effective surgical treatment for spinal metastases, early consideration for surgical treatment (before radiation) should be considered in selected patients. Preoperative spinal angiography and embolization are recommended whenever feasible to minimize intraoperative blood loss.
Cement dust exposure, respiratory symptoms and exhaled nitric oxide: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alexander Tungu, Magne Bråtveit, Bente Moen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Cement dust is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms, but only few studies have attempted to investigate the mechanisms involved in airway inflammation.   Aim:  To explore whether cement dust exposure is associated with increase in chronic respiratory symptoms and Fe NO  concentration among cement factory workers in Tanzania.   Methods:  The exposed group comprised 171 cement production workers while 98 workers from a beverage factory served as controls. Personal total dust samples were collected from the breathing zone of workers in the cement factory (n=130) and the beverage factory (n=16). The information on chronic respiratory symptoms was collected by a questionnaire, and Fe NO  concentrations were measured by a NIOX MINO monitor among 117 exposed and 24 controls.   Results:  Geometric means of total dust exposure among control and exposed workers were 0.6 mg/m 3  and 5.0 mg/m 3 , respectively (p  Exposed workers had higher mean Fe NO  concentrations (26.0 ppm) than controls (20.0 ppm), but the difference was not significant.   Conclusion:  Higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and Fe NO  concentrations among exposed workers indicate an association between cement dust and airway inflammation.
Dissociative Identity Disorder in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Arthur Rifkin, Dione Ghisalbert, Sonia Dimatou, Charles Jin, Mohammed Sethi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The aim of this study was to replicate reports of a high rate of dissociative identity disorder in psychiatric inpatients.Subjects were 100 randomly selected women, 16-50 years old, who had recently been admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital. Diagnoses were made by two interviewers through use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders.One percent (N = 1) of the interviewed subjects had dissociative identity disorder.Contrary to previous studies, the authors found a low rate of dissociative identity disorder, perhaps because of the different methodology used.
Risk factors for pleural complications in children with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Katarzyna Krenke, Marta Krawiec, Grazyna Kraj, Joanna Peradzynska, Agnieszka Krauze, Marek Kulus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and empyema are the most common complications of pneumonia in children. Unexpectedly, since the 1980s an increasing incidence of PPE/emyema has been reported in many countries.  Aim  The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for PPE and empyema in children admitted to a hospital with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).  Methods  We conducted a prospective observational study of children with CAP admitted to the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw between February 2012 and February 2013. Demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms as well as the results of routine laboratory tests on admission were compared in two patients groups: 1) children with CAP complicated with PPE/empyema and 2) children with CAP but without pleural complications  Results  124 children (62 boys and 62 girls) aged from 2 months to17 years with CAP were included. 31 of them (25%) presented with PPE/empyema. We found neither significant differences in demographic data (e.g. age, gender, history of pneumococcal vaccination, allergic diseases, passive smoking) nor clinical signs (e.g. dyspnea, fever, chest pain, abdominal pain) between study groups. Children with complicated pneumonia had significantly higher concentration of CRP, WBC count and significant differences in differential cell count. They also received ibuprofen, paracetamol and antibiotics more frequently prior to hospitalization.  Conclusions  No simple demographic or clinical factor which can reliably predict development of pleural complications was demonstrated. Laboratory test results might have some value in prediction of pleural complications in children with CAP.
Late-breaking abstract: Knowledge, attitudes and practice of medical doctors in diagnosis and management of COPD patients in Vietnam
Authors: Hanh Chu Thi, Phuong Phan Thu, Giap Vu Van, Chau Ngo Quy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: COPD is serious public health problem in over the world. In Vietnam, the prevalence of COPD is 4.2% of the general population. Since December 2010, program for COPD and asthma management is incorporated in the national program against non-communicable diseases.  Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding to diagnosis and management of COPD among doctors in hospitals of 10 cities and provinces in the Northern Vietnam.  Methods: A standardized questionnaire was completed by 461 doctors to assess their KAP in diagnostic and management of COPD before their participation in training course from June to December 2012.  Results: Among 461 respondents, there were 66.8% doctors who work in the province/city hospitals and 33.2% doctors in the district hospitals. Majority of doctors did not fully understand the risk factors of the disease; the most important risk factor for COPD were cigarette smoke (89.8% of the doctor), followed by biomass smoke and dust (51.5%), respiratory infections (38.5%), gene factor (16.3%), abnormalites in lung (9.1%), socio – economic factors (5.0%). Only 43.9% of doctors were able to list the 4 criteria to diagnose COPD and only 23.5% of doctors had the correct answer for the staging of COPD according GOLD 2011. Results showed that only 14.3 % of doctors guided patients to use the drug delivery devices in the prescription.  Conclusion: Our results revealed that, there is lack of awareness and urgent need of education on diagnosis and management of COPD for Vietnamese doctors.
Expression of CD44 variant isoforms and association to the benign form of endocrine pancreatic tumours
Authors: H. Imam, B. Eriksson, K. Öberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)

The expression of CD44 and its isoforms have been shown in many neoplastic tissues to serve as prognostic indicators, therefore, the feasibility of using these as prognostic markers in endocrine pancreatic tumour patients was examined.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 26 tumour samples (5 gastrinomas, 3 glucagonomas, 10 non-functioning tumours, 6 insulinomas, 2 mixed insulinoma and glucagonomas) with monoclonal antibodies against CD44s (standard form) and variant isoforms (v4, v5, v6, v7, v7-8, v9, v10). Staining was correlated to the tumour proliferation, malignancy, metastasis and patients survival.There was variable expression of CD44s. All tumours showed complex expression of many isoforms. CD44v6 and CD44v9 were down regulated in malignant tumours. There was statistical significance of CD44v6 expression in benign tumours (P < 0.05) compared to malignant tumours and near significance in CD44v9 expression (P = 0.0574). Survival of the patients with CD44v6 positive staining was higher than those who were negative (P = 0.0822). Moreover, the expression was well correlated to the patients without any distant metastases (CD44v6, p < 0.001; CD44v9, P < 0.01). Tumour proliferation (Ki67 index) correlated directly to the malignancy (P < 0.05) and there was inverse correlation between Ki67 index and CD44v6 (P < 0.05) as well as v9 (P < 0.05).Endocrine pancreatic tumours express CD44s and isoforms differentially. Expression of the two isoforms of CD44, namely v6 and v9 seem to be related more to benign form of the tumour and could serve as a predictor of good prognosis.
Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Children's Hospital Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium Protocol 85-01.
Authors: M A Schorin, S Blattner, R D Gelber, N J Tarbell, M Donnelly, V Dalton, H J Cohen, S E Sallan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE The goals of this treatment program were as follows: to improve event-free survival (EFS) rates for high-risk (HR) patients by increasing the intensity of induction treatment; to improve EFS rates for infants by adding a special postinduction intensification; to treat the CNS using cranial irradiation doses that were lower than in our historic control group; and to confirm our previously obtained good results for children with T-cell disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred twenty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from all risk groups, including infants and patients with T-cell disease, were treated between 1985 and 1987 with multiagent chemotherapy and cranial irradiation. RESULTS The 7-year EFS rate (+/- SE) for all 220 patients was 78% +/- 3% at a median follow-up duration of 6.2 years, 89% +/- 4% for the 82 patients classified as standard risk (SR), and 72% +/- 4% for the remaining 138 patients classified as HR and very high risk (VHR). Eleven infants had an EFS rate of 55% +/- 15% that might be attributable to treatment with high doses of methotrexate and cytarabine (ara-c). Twenty children with T-cell disease had an EFS rate of 70% +/- 10%. CNS leukemia relapse (isolated or combined with bone marrow) occurred in four of 82 SR patients who received 18 Gy of cranial irradiation and four of 138 HR and VHR patients who received 24 Gy. CONCLUSION This protocol, which featured early intensive treatment including asparaginase, doxorubicin, and cranial irradiation, provided good long-term disease control for children with ALL.
Clinical presentation and outcome in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: S Bodis, M D Kraus, G Pinkus, B Silver, M E Kadin, G P Canellos, L N Shulman, N J Tarbell, P M Mauch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The patterns of presentation, histologic pattern (nodular or diffuse), treatment, and long-term outcome were studied in patients with lymphocyte-predominant (LP) Hodgkin's disease (HD) to determine whether these patients should be treated differently than patients with other subtypes of HD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pathology was reviewed for 97 patients with an initial diagnosis of LPHD made between 1970 and 1993. Seventy-five patients had LPHD on review: 55 had nodular LPHD, 14 had diffuse LPHD, and six had LP histology without subclassification. There were 60 males (80%) and 15 females (20%). Sixty-six patients (88%), presented with clinical stage (CS) I or II disease. Seventy-one patients were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy (JCRT) and were considered for analysis of treatment outcome. Sixty-one of these 71 were treated with radiation (RT) alone; 17 received mantle RT alone, 27 mantle and paraaortic RT, and seven total-nodal irradiation (TNI). Ten patients with subdiaphragmatic HD received pelvic and paraaortic RT. Of the 10 remaining patients, four were treated with RT and chemotherapy (CT) and six were treated with CT alone. The median follow-up time was 10.8 years. RESULTS The 10-year actuarial freedom-from-first-relapse (FFR) and 10-year overall survival rates for the 71 patients with LPHD treated at the JCRT were 80% and 93%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial FFR by nodular (n = 51), diffuse (n = 14), and unspecified (n = 6) histologic pattern was 74%, 100%, and 60%, respectively. Overall, 14 of 71 patients have relapsed: nine of 61 with stage IA, IB, or IIA disease and five of 10 with stage IIB to IVB disease have relapsed. The median time to relapse was 53 months. Nine of 71 patients have died. Only one death has been from HD: five patients died of second cancers, two of cardiac disease, and one of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Of seven patients with second malignancies, five died. None of the second malignancies were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). CONCLUSION Patients with LPHD have different patterns of presentation, sex and age distribution, and likelihood of occult abdominal disease than patients with nodular-sclerosing (NS) or mixed-cellularity (MC) disease. The median time to relapse for LP patients was later than reported for other histologic subtypes; however, there was no pattern of continuous late relapse. With pathologic staging and standard treatment, mortality from LPHD is low; nearly all deaths have been cardiac- or second tumor-related. This suggests that less aggressive treatment for LPHD might continue to yield excellent results, while perhaps lowering the long-term risk of complications.
Predictors of efficacy of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kensuke Kataoka, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Tomoki Kimura, Toshiaki Matsuda, Toshiki Yokoyama, Yasuhiko Yamano, Yoshio Nakahara, Mitsuaki Yagi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The aim of this study was to find out which patients benefit from pirfenidone (PFD).   Methods:  From December 2008 to November 2012, the clinical records of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treated with PFD were reviewed in Tosei General Hospital. Patients with relative declines in forced vital capacity (FVC) (FVC baseline -FVC one-year /FVC baseline ) of less than 10% after one-year treatment were defined as “non-worsened”, while those of more than 10% and/or death were defined as “worsened”. The clinical features were compared between the two groups.   Results:  The study population (n=107) was composed of 82 males and 25 female with mean age of 67.0±7.5 years. Average baseline FVC and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) in the study population was 67.2±17.1% and 44.4±17.7% respectiverly. “Non-worsen” (n=49, 45.8%) had higher means of FVC, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, the lowest oxygen saturation in the 6MWT and Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) at baseline (p=0.0001, 0.0259, 0.0470, 0.0080, respectively), and lower means of St. George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores at baseline (p=0.0069).   Conclusion:  Milder impairments in multidimensional evaluations such as FVC, dyspnea grade, 6MWT and exercise hypoxemia, and health related QOL were predictors of PFD efficacy in IPF.
Review of the preclinical pharmacology and comparative efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced emesis.
Authors: E A Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE This analysis was undertaken to review published reports of the comparative efficacy and safety of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in the prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis. METHODS Comparison data used are the preclinical pharmacology as well as the design and results of clinical trials. Seven comparative studies that used granisetron, ondansetron, or tropisetron in patients who received either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy are reviewed. As the study designs, patient population, chemotherapy, antiemetic doses and schedule, and methods of assessment were slightly different, the results of each study are analyzed independently. Effectiveness is assessed by emetic episodes, nausea, and patient preference. RESULTS The preclinical pharmacologic profile is different among the 5-HT3 antagonists in terms of potency, selectivity, dose response, and duration of action. The comparative clinical trials show that a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of granisetron 3 mg is as effective as multiple (8 mg x 3) or single (32 mg) i.v. doses of ondansetron for the prevention of acute nausea and emesis due to cisplatin. In the two moderately emetogenic clinical trials, granisetron 3 mg i.v. was at least as effective as ondansetron 8 mg i.v. +/- 24 mg orally and tropisetron 5 mg i.v. Patient preference was evaluated in three of the four crossover trials: granisetron was preferred in three of four, and no preference was reported in the fourth. The one trial to compare ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg x 3 versus granisetron 10 micrograms/kg x 1 or granisetron 40 micrograms/kg i.v. demonstrated equivalent control of nausea and vomiting in patients who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists compared are highly effective antiemetic agents that have now become the standard of care for preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis. Whether the described preclinical differences among these agents are also clinically significant remains to be seen. In the comparative trials analyzed, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists demonstrated relatively equivalent clinical efficacy. Cost analysis may favor the use of one agent over another depending on the emetogenic challenge, dose of the 5-HT3 antagonists, and number of doses recommended. Patient preference may be an important factor to be considered in future antiemetic trials.
High Resolution Autoradiographic Study of Normal Lactating Mammary Gland and Mammary Tumors of the Mouse: Preliminary Report&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S W Fiske, V Courtecuisse, F Haguenau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Protein metabolism of normal lactating gland and mammary tumor cells was studied with high resolution autoradiography. Special attention was devoted to the Golgi zone in both cell types because of the involvement of this structure in milk protein secretion in the normal gland cell and the topographical relation of this apparatus with viral "inclusion bodies" in the tumor. In the normal gland, the cycle of protein secretion was completed in about 50 minutes, the main part of the cycle being represented by a heavy and extensive labeling of the Golgi zone. In the tumorous gland, marking was relatively stationary and remained within the cell, the label predominating in the ergastoplasm with only a faint labeling of the Golgi apparatus. Percent markins of the nucleus was notably greater in the tumor cell as opposed to the normal gland cell. In the calculation of the specific activities of the tissues, the size of the nucleus of both cell types was very similar, while the cytoplasm of the normal gland was five times that of the tumor cell. Comparison of the specific activities showed that the over-all activity of the two cell types was not significantly different. This phenomenon supports a theory proposed by Schultze whereby the ratio of protein incorporation into the nucleus and the cytoplasm is constant and the value of this ratio decreases as the metabolic activity of the cell increases.