tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Benign Type of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: W. L. Ackerman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1945)

A diagnosis of rheumatic fever conjures in the minds of most physicians a serious disease demand- ing prolonged rest in bed, suggesting the likelihood of cardiac damage, and producing subsequent invalidism to a varying degree.Copeman (1944) described 42 cases of febrile polyarthritis of acute onset which he states were " non-epidemic, of short duration, and probably not uncommon."None of his cases developed cardiac damage, and all occurred in patients whose previous resistance to disease appears to have been exceptionally high.For this benign syndrome he suggests the name " acute febrile myalgia" as being better than " benign rheumatic fever" for several reasons, in spite of the prominence of the arthritic manifestations.Ferguson (1944), in reviewing 243 such cases occurring in the Canadian Army, suggested the appellation " acute febrile polyarthritis " for a condition in adults simulating rheumatic fever, but which has not the gloomy prognosis of this disease as seen in children.The diagnosis of rheumatic disease was usually followed in the Canadian Army by discharge from the Service (162 out of 243).In his opinion at least half of those who developed the condition and were discharged could continue in military service.W. Tegner (1944), the reviewer of Ferguson's article, could not agree that a change in nomenclature is needed.He, however, agreed that a diagnosis of rheumatic fever should not auto- matically entail'discharge from the Army.The 47 Service patients discussed in this paper suffered with this " benign type " of rheumatic fever and have been seen within the last 2! years.They showed an acute febrile illness with non-suppurative polyarthritis simulating classical rheumatic fever, yet with features which differentiated them from this serious disease, and enabled a shorter period away from duty to be imposed, and a more optimistic prognosis to be given, which within the limits of a relatively short follow-up proved to be justified.During this period only 7 cases of classical rheu- matic fever with endocarditis were seen, and in none of these was the attack the primary one.Typical Case Reports CASE 1 Aged 28.No previous history of rheumatic fever or rheumatism.No history of tonsillitis-tonsils removed 10 years ago.For past four months had been exposed to severe cold and wet and had not been able to dry his clothes properly.Two days before admission began to complain of pain and stiffness in several joints, particu- larly L. elbow and R. knee.The following day both knees became obviously swollen.On Admission-May 7: O.E.Well developed man.T. 102-80, P. 102.Does not look ill.Slight sweating.No tonsil remnants seen.Marked effusion into both
Free thiomalate levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with disodium aurothiomalate: relationship to clinical outcome of therapy.
Authors: S R Rudge, D Perrett, A J Swannell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Sixteen patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were treated with 20 mg disodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin) weekly for six months. Disease activity was assessed before and after treatment. Plasma profiles and urinary excretion of free thiomalate were measured in all patients after the initial injection and again at six months in the 12 patients remaining on therapy. No difference was found in plasma levels or urinary excretion of free thiomalate between patients who responded to treatment or who developed toxic reactions and those who did not.
Partial Deficiency of Muscle Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase with Normal Ketone Production
Authors: Karl Y. Hostetler, Charles L. Hoppel, John S. Romine, Jack C. Sipe, Stephen R. Gross, Phillip A. Higginbottom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

RECURRENT rhabdomyolysis is a feature of conditions in which skeletal-muscle metabolism of carbohydrates is defective, as in deficiency of muscle phosphorylase1 , 2 and phosphofructokinase.3 In addition, two patients have been described in whom recurrent myoglobinuria resulted from an impairment in fat oxidation due to a deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in skeletal muscle.4 These patients also demonstrated diminished ketone production in spite of high levels of plasma free fatty acids and increasing plasma triglyceride levels during prolonged fasting, suggesting a deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase in the liver.4 We report below the clinical and biochemical findings in a patient with recurrent myoglobinuria and . . .
Trends in Antimicrobial Prescribing Rates for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Linda F. McCaig
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Annual rates of antimicrobial prescribing for children by office-based physicians increased from 1980 through 1992. The development of antimicrobial resistance, which increased for many organisms during the 1990s, is associated with antimicrobial use. To combat development of antimicrobial resistance, professional and public health organizations undertook efforts to promote appropriate antimicrobial prescribing.To assess changes in antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections for children and adolescents younger than 15 years.National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data provided by 2500 to 3500 office-based physicians for 6500 to 13 600 pediatric visits during 2-year periods from 1989-1990 through 1999-2000.Population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates overall and for respiratory tract infections (otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection) among children and adolescents younger than 15 years.The average population-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased from 838 (95% confidence interval [CI], 711-966) in 1989-1990 to 503 (95% CI, 419-588) in 1999-2000 (P for slope <.001). The visit-based rate decreased from 330 antimicrobial prescriptions per 1000 office visits (95% CI, 305-355) to 234 (95% CI, 210-257; P for slope <.001). For the 5 respiratory tract infections, the population-based prescribing rate decreased from 674 (95% CI, 568-781) to 379 (95% CI, 311-447; P for slope <.001) and the visit-based prescribing rate decreased from 715 (95% CI, 682-748) to 613 (95% CI, 570-657; P for slope <.001). Both population- and visit-based prescribing rates decreased for pharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection; however, for otitis media and bronchitis, declines were only observed in the population-based rate. Prescribing rates for sinusitis remained stable.The rate of antimicrobial prescribing overall and for respiratory tract infections by office-based physicians for children and adolescents younger than 15 years decreased significantly between 1989-1990 and 1999-2000.
Is there a role for all-trans retinoic acid in combination with recombinant erythropoetin in myelodysplastic syndromes? A report on 59 cases
Authors: R Itzykson, S Ayari, D Vassilief, E Berger, B Slama, N Vey, F Suarez, O Beyne-Rauzy, A Guerci, S Cheze, X Thomas, A Stamatoullas, M Gardembas, F Bauduer, A Kolb, M C Chaury, L Legros, G Damaj, F Chermat, F Dreyfus, P Fenaux, L Ades
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Autoadjusting CPAP Therapy Based on Impedance Efficacy, Compliance and Acceptance
Authors: WINFRIED J. RANDERATH, OLIVER SCHRAEDER, WOLFGANG GALETKE, FRANK FELDMEYER, KARL-HEINZ RÜHLE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Constant continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To enable the pressure to be matched more accurately to actual requirements, and thus increase patient acceptance, an autoadjusting device based on the measurement of upper airway impedance was developed (APAPFOT). We investigated the efficacy and compliance in continuous use at home. Fifty-two patients were treated (randomized crossover) with CPAP and APAPFOT for 6 wk each. Respiratory disturbances, sleep profile, and arousals improved significantly with both modes (AHI: baseline, 35.1 ± 26/h; APAPFOT, 5.0 ± 5.2; CPAP, 4.3 ± 6.3; p < 0.001 baseline versus each mode). The mean pressure with APAPFOT was significantly reduced as compared with CPAP (CPAP, 7.8 ± 1.5 cm H2O; APAPFOT, 5.7 ± 1.8 cm H2O; p < 0.001). Under APAPFOT the pressure was lower than that under CPAP for 81.5 ± 21% of the time. Although overall use did not differ, 75% of the patients preferred APAPFOT for home treatment. We conclude that APAPFOT is as efficacious as constant CPAP in the treatment of OSAS. The treatment pressure can be reduced significantly, and sleep microstructure improved with APAPFOT. These might be the reasons for patient preference of automatic therapy.
What Price Protection?
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Money and political power make cowards of most of us. This has made it possible for a relentless centralization of power in government unimaginable but a few decades past. Political activism has often been mistaken for statesmanship, as much recent legislation clearly demonstrates. Under the persuasive guise of being given new "rights," people are paying an exorbitant price by abrogating their freedoms. In this past year there has occurred a prime example of the potential for loss of large doses of freedom in exchange for some dubious rights that do not seem worth the price. In 1974, a National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was established with a life expectancy of two years. It was composed of 11 members appointed by the Secretary of the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW), five of whom were to have been involved in biomedical
Effects of thyroxine on the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase in rat liver and kidney
Authors: Katrina M. Dipple, Mona Qulali, Ruth Ann Ross, David W. Crabb
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We studied the effect of thyroxine on alcohol dehydrogenase activity, immunoreactive protein levels and messenger RNA levels in the livers of thyroidectomized and sham-operated male rats. Effects on kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activity were also examined. Shamoperated rats injected with 100 μg thyroxine/kg/day, which induced hyperthyroidism, showed a 30% decrease in liver and a 40% decrease in kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activity compared with sham-operated rats injected with vehicle. Hypothyroid rats exhibited a 1.5-fold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase activity in liver and kidney compared with thyroidectomized rats injected with a replacement dose of 20 μg thyroxine/kg/day. We saw a twofold and a 2.5-fold higher level of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in liver and kidney, respectively, of hypothyroid rats compared with hyperthyroid rats. These effects were not accounted for by nutritional differences; daily food intake did not differ between groups. Immunoreactive protein levels as seen on Western blots varied in the same direction as enzyme activity. Northern-blot analysis showed higher levels of liver alcohol dehydrogenase messenger RNA in hypothyroid rats compared with euthyroid rats. These studies show that liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and protein levels are modulated by thyroxine at pathophysiologically relevant levels and that this effect is not due to changes in food intake; kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activity is regulated in parallel. The change in alcohol dehydrogenase activity appears to be controlled in part by pretranslational mechanisms in hypothyroid animals and by posttranslational mechanisms in hyperthyroid animals. (Hepatology 1993;17:701-706.)
Apoptotic Activity and Mechanism of 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxoolean-1,9-Dien-28-Oic-Acid and Related Synthetic Triterpenoids in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Marc L. Hyer, Ranxin Shi, Maryla Krajewska, Colin Meyer, Irina V. Lebedeva, Paul B. Fisher, John C. Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Synthetic triterpenoids 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9-(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) and CDDO-Me (CDDO-methyl ester) have entered clinical trials for cancer. We determined that CDDO analogues at submicromolar concentrations induce apoptosis of cultured prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, ALVA31, Du145, PC3, and PPC1, with lethal dose 50% approximately 1 micromol/L for CDDO-Me and an imidazole analogue (CDDO-Im). These compounds induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells as characterized by cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-10, BID, and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase and by dependence on caspase activity. Moreover, triterpenoid-induced cell death was abolished by caspase-8-targeting small interfering (si) RNA. To explore the mechanism(s) involved in caspase-8 activation, we examined cell surface expression of death receptor (DR)4 and DR5 after triterpenoid treatment. Cell surface DR4 and DR5 expression was significantly up-regulated by CDDO or CDDO-Im but not by CDDO-Me. DR4 and DR5 knockdown with siRNA significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by CDDO and CDDO-Im but had no effect on CDDO-Me-induced killing, suggesting that CDDO and CDDO-Im induce apoptosis by a different mechanism than CDDO-Me. In addition to activating the caspase-8-dependent extrinsic apoptosis pathway, we observed that Bcl-X(L) overexpression inhibited triterpenoid-mediated killing of prostate cancer cell line Du145, suggesting that the intrinsic pathway (via mitochondria) also participates in triterpenoid-mediated killing. In vivo antitumor activity of CDDO-Me was shown using a Du145 tumor xenograft model in nude rats. Altogether, these findings suggest CDDO and related synthetic triterpenoids should be further evaluated as potential novel therapeutics for hormone refractory prostate cancers.
α1,4-Fucosyltransferase Activity: A Significant Function in the Primate Lineage has Appeared Twice Independently
Authors: Fabrice Dupuy, Agnès Germot, Mickaël Marenda, Rafaël Oriol, Antoine Blancher, Raymond Julien, Abderrahman Maftah
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

In the animal kingdom the enzymes that catalyze the formation of α1,4 fucosylated–glycoconjugates are known only in apes (chimpanzee) and humans. They are encoded by FUT3 and FUT5 genes, two members of the Lewis FUT5-FUT3-FUT6 gene cluster, which had originated by duplications of an α3 ancestor gene. In order to explore more precisely the emergence of the α1,4 fucosylation, new Lewis-like fucosyltransferase genes were studied in species belonging to the three main primate groups. Two Lewis-like genes were found in brown and ruffed lemurs (prosimians) as well as in squirrel monkey (New World monkey). In the latter, one gene encodes an enzyme which transfers fucose only in α1,3 linkage, whereas the other is a pseudogene. Three genes homologous to chimpanzee and human Lewis genes were identified in rhesus macaque (Old World monkey), and only one encodes an α3/4-fucosyltransferase. The ability of new primate enzymes to transfer fucose in α1,3 or α1,3/4 linkage confirms that the amino acid R or W in the acceptor-binding motif "HH(R/W)(D/E)" is required for the type 1/type 2 acceptor specificity. Expression of rhesus macaque genes proved that fucose transfer in α1,4 linkage is not restricted to the hominoid family and may be extended to other Old World monkeys. Moreover, the presence of only one enzyme supporting the α1,4 fucosylation in rhesus macaque versus two enzymes in hominoids suggests that this function occurred twice independently during primate evolution.
Age and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Jeanne Y. Wei
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

DESPITE the decline in rates of mortality due to heart disease during the past two decades, cardiovascular disease remains the most frequent single cause of death among persons over 65 years of age.1 2 3 It also accounts for a major and growing proportion of hospitalizations and health care costs and is a leading cause of morbidity among older people.2 , 3 In this review, I shall consider age-associated changes that may influence the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in older patients and aspects of evaluation and management that are different for older patients than for younger adults.Morphologic ChangesThe MyocardiumMany . . .
Valproate prophylaxis in a prospective clinical trial of refractory bipolar disorder
Authors: K D Denicoff, E E Smith-Jackson, A L Bryan, S O Ali, R M Post
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The authors studied the efficacy of valproate plus lithium and of triple therapy with lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate in refractory bipolar illness.The subjects were 24 bipolar outpatients who had completed an intended 3-year crossover study comparing lithium, carbamazepine, and their combination. Patients entered a 1-year phase of valproate plus lithium because of inadequate response or major side effects, and patients with inadequate responses were offered an additional year of treatment with all three mood-stabilizing drugs.Six (33%) of the 18 evaluable patients had moderate to marked responses to valproate plus lithium; four of these six had not responded to any previous treatment condition. Three of seven patients responded to triple therapy, although only one response was marked.Some outpatients with bipolar disorder refractory to lithium and carbamazepine received clinically relevant prophylactic benefit from valproate when used with lithium or in triple therapy.
Doctor who denied he saw Iraqi detainee's injuries is struck off medical register
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A former army doctor who was found guilty of misconduct over the death of the Iraqi detainee Baha Mousa has been ordered to be struck off the medical register.

Derek Keilloh’s dishonesty in maintaining his story over several years, including under oath, that he was unaware of Mousa’s injuries meant that “with regret” the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service had to strike him off, the chairman of its fitness to practise panel, Brian Alderman, told him.

Keilloh, then aged 28, was serving as regimental medical officer with the First Battalion Queen’s Lancashire Regiment in Basra in 2003, in the aftermath of the Iraq invasion. Mousa, an innocent man who had been detained and hooded and beaten by soldiers guarding him, was found on …
The changing scope of colorectal cancer
Authors: J S White
Journal: Gut (2002)

We read with great interest the commentary by Boland and Savides ( Gut 2001; 48 :449–50) on our paper “Flexible sigmoidoscopy and the changing distribution of colorectal cancer: implications for screening” ( Gut 2001; 48 :522–5). The authors make several important points about the changing pattern of distribution of colorectal cancer and the possible reasons for the changes we observed. Our data showed an increased percentage of colorectal cancers diagnosed …
Measles Vaccination IV. Responses to Two Different Types of Preparations Given as a Fourth Dose of Vaccine
Authors: E. Norrby, R. Lagercrantz, S. Gard
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Combined vaccina- tion, killed vaccine followed by live, has been recommended as a means by which long-lasting immunity can be produced without such reactions as are associated with the use of live vaccine alone.It has also been suggested (Medoff et al., 1964) that killed vaccine alone might provide a basic immunity sufficient to protect against clinical manifestations after exposures to " wild " virus, which, however, would serve as booster stimuli leading to solid and lifelong immunity.The general purpose of the series of investigations of which the present study forms a part is to analyse the possible useful- ness of killed measles vaccine for elimination of measles and to introduce a measles vaccine consisting of a purified haemagglutinin (Norrby, 1964; Norrby et al., 1965).The immediate aim of the present study was (a) to analyse the level of circulating antibodies in children 22 months after vaccination with three monthly doses of a formalin-killed alum- precipitated vaccine, and (b) to study the effect of a booster injection of either the same type of vaccine or a vaccine containing purified measles haemagglutinin prepared from fractionated dog-kidney-tissue-culture virus material.Sero- logical and clinical follow-up studies were conducted up to eight months after the time of revaccination. Material and MethodsVaccines.-Theformalin-killed measles vaccine, lot No. 71A, was kindly supplied by Chas.Pfizer & Co.It was prepared from material of the Edmonston strain of measles virus grown in monkey-kidney-tissue cultures.This was inactivated by formalin and purified by adsorption on aluminium phosphate, which also acts as an adjuvant in the final product.The pre- paration of purified haemagglutinin was made from material of
Ectopic Thoracic Kidney
Authors: Harmandeep Singh, Punit Sharma, Aftab Hasan Nazar, Kalpajyoti Das, Niraj Naswa, Suhas Singla, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

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Leukemia and Groundwater Contamination
Authors: T. R. O'Brien, P. Decoufle, P. H. Rhodes
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Radium ingestion is a recognized cause of bone and nasal cancers among radium-dial workers.<sup>1</sup>Recently, the 1981 leukemia incidence rates were reported to be elevated in central Florida counties where radium levels in some private water supplies exceed the Environmental Protection Agency's radiumlimit.<sup>2</sup>We have investigated site-specific cancer rates in these counties over a longer period. <h3>Study.—</h3> We used mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics and population data from the 1980 Florida census to estimate mortality rates for all types of leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and bone and nasal cancers for the five-year period from 1978 to 1982. Radium exposure was classified by county on the basis of radium levels in private wells, as per Lyman et al.<sup>2</sup>A weighted least-squares regression of county-specific age-, race-, and sex-adjusted mortality rates was also used to see if differences in