tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulating Human Heat Shock Protein 60 in the Plasma of British Civil Servants
Authors: Jo Lewthwaite, Natalie Owen, Anthony Coates, Brian Henderson, Andrew Steptoe
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The Whitehall cohort studies (I and II) of British civil servants have identified sociodemographic, psychosocial, and biological risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). To identify mechanisms responsible for susceptibility to CHD, specific biological markers of stress are increasingly being measured. One marker linked to susceptibility to CHD is heat shock protein (Hsp) 60. Methods and Results — Blood was taken from 229 civil servants (126 men and 103 women) in the Whitehall II cohort drawn equally from the range of employment grades. Plasma was assayed for levels of Hsp60, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor, high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, and total/HDL ratio. Psychosocial measures included socioeconomic status, psychological distress, and social isolation. The majority of the participants had Hsp60 in their plasma, and ≈20% had &gt;1000 ng/mL of this protein (a concentration likely to induce biological effects). A positive association between plasma Hsp60 and TNFα and a negative association with von Willebrand factor was found. There was also a significant association between elevated Hsp60 levels, low socioeconomic status, and social isolation, together with an association with psychological distress in women. Conclusions — The majority of participants exhibited Hsp60 in their plasma, and there was evidence of an association between levels of this stress protein and the proinflammatory cytokine, TNFα, and with various psychosocial measures.
Simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and immunostimulatory CpG motif to tumors using a plasmid DNA/doxorubicin complex in mice
Authors: Yumiko Mizuno, Tomoyuki Naoi, Makiya Nishikawa, Sakulrat Rattanakiat, Nobuko Hamaguchi, Mitsuru Hashida, Yoshinobu Takakura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Scapular dyskinesis: practical applications
Authors: Babette M Pluim
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Goran Ivanisevic had a career-limiting shoulder injury, Martin Verkerk took almost 2 years for his shoulder rehabilitation and Johan Santana is out for this season after re-injuring his shoulder. You are confronted with a tennis player presenting with pain when serving. Does your heart sink?

To address these problems, Dr Ben Kibler spearheaded the 2nd International Conference on the Scapula in Lexington, Kentucky in July 2012. You can read the consensus paper from this conference in the September issue of the BJSM 1; you can listen to podcasts with Dr Kibler on the BJSM website. What are the practical applications for clinicians working with overhead athletes?

The main focus of the conference was scapular dyskinesis—altered motion and positioning of the scapula.1 ,2 This condition is frequently found in athletes with shoulder injuries but can also be present in asymptomatic individuals. Its exact role in shoulder dysfunction is unknown. It is still unclear whether it is the cause or an effect of shoulder injuries (a compensatory mechanism for shoulder pathology).

The shoulder consensus group agreed that scapular dyskinesis is …
Lessons from preliminary evaluation of a year's medical audit.
Authors: G S Rai
Journal: BMJ (1990)

general gynaecological practice is usually 5-10%.Finally, women attending a menopause clinic as controls may not represent a reasonable sample of the normal population and this may have biased the results for comparison, as these women are known to experience symptoms that are a conse- quence of vasomotor instability.With these facts in mind I believe that it is inappropriate to consider such variables as detection rates, predictive values, and odds ratios.I await with interest, however, the results of the definitive, well controlled study to evaluate the role of transvaginal ultrasonography and colour flow imaging in the detection of endometrial carcinoma.
Evaluation of the associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. A case-control study.
Authors: T E Craven, J E Ryu, M A Espeland, F R Kahl, W M McKinney, J F Toole, M R McMahan, C J Thompson, G Heiss, J R Crouse
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To evaluate the consistency, strength, and independence of the relation of carotid atherosclerosis to coronary atherosclerosis, we quantified coronary artery disease risk factors and extent of carotid atherosclerosis (B-mode score) in 343 coronary artery disease patients and 167 disease-free control patients. In univariable analyses, there was a strong association between coronary status and extent of carotid artery disease in men and women older than and younger than 50 years (p less than 0.001 for men and women greater than 50 years, p less than 0.001 for women less than or equal to 50 years, p = 0.045 for men less than or equal to 50). The relation remained strong after control for age in men and women older than 50 years and in women younger than 50 (p less than 0.001 for men and women greater than 50 years, p = 0.003 for women less than or equal to 50) but did not persist after control for age in men younger than 50. Logistic models that included coronary disease risk factors, with or without B-mode score, as independent variables and presence or absence of coronary disease as the outcome variable indicated that the extent of carotid atherosclerosis was a strong, statistically significant independent variable in models for men and women older than 50 years of age. Next, we examined the usefulness of B-mode score as an aid in screening for coronary artery disease in men and women older than 50 years. Classification rules, both including and excluding B-mode score, were developed based on logistic regression and, for comparison, recursive partitioning (decision trees). The performance of these rules and the bias of their performance statistics were estimated. The improved classification of the study sample when B-mode score was incorporated in the rule was statistically significant only for men (p = 0.015). However, the addition of B-mode score was found to 1) increase the median discrimination score for both sex groups based on the logistic model, and 2) yield better sensitivities and specificities for rules based on recursive partitioning. Thus B-mode score is strongly, consistently, and independently associated with coronary artery disease in patients older than 50 and is at least as useful as well-known risk factors for identifying patients with coronary artery disease.
Continuity and change in infants' facial expressions following an unanticipated aversive stimulus
Authors: Carroll E. Izard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

I agree with Williams that evolutionary theory provides the best account of the pain expression. We may disagree as to whether pain has an emotional dimension or includes discrete basic emotions as integral components. I interpret basic emotion expressions that occur contemporaneously with pain expression as representing separate but highly interactive systems, each with distinct adaptive functions.
Case 7-1986
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Lester A. Klein, Carolyn C. Compton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Presentation of CaseA 51-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of right flank pain and microscopic hematuria.She was well until three years earlier, when abdominal pain developed. An intravenous urographic examination, performed elsewhere, was reported to be negative. Thirteen months before admission her physician found microscopic hematuria on a routine examination. Cystoscopic examination revealed no abnormality; a biopsy was not performed. Five months before entry right flank pain and nausea developed. She returned to her physician, who again found microscopic hematuria. Another intravenous urographic examination was reported to be negative. One month later she was again evaluated . . .
Survey of sickle-cell disease in England and Wales.
Authors: L R Davis, E R Huehns, J M White
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The incidence and the clinical course of patients suffering from sickle-cell syndrome (Hb SS; Hb SC; Hb S thal) in England and Wales are not known. In 1979 an ad hoc committee was formed to investigate these problems. Initially, a questionnaire was sent to 227 haematologists in England and Wales to determine the number of cases in these countries. The replies have indicated that 1367 cases were seen in 1978 and 1979. Probably this may represent only half the total number of cases. From this survey it has been possible to draw up a composite map showing the location of patients, which has provided a basis to determine the clinical course of the disease, and for further studies into the complications and management of sickle-cell disease in England and Wales. From a second questionnaire preliminary data about the general management and mortality in England and Wales have been recorded.
Abstract 90: An evaluation of the genes involved in the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway as potential phenotypic modifiers of breast cancer risk in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutation carriers.
Authors: Tereza Vaclová, Roger L Milne, Laura P Saucedo-Cuevas, Paolo Radice, Ignacio Blanco, Miguel de la Hoya, Mercedes Durán, Orland Díez, Teresa Ramón y Cajal, Cristina Martínez-Bouzas, Florentia Fostira, Javier Godino, Javier Benitez, Ana Osorio
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer a high lifetime risk of developing breast and other cancers. However, remarkable differences exist regarding disease manifestation in mutation carriers, suggesting the existence of other genetic modifier factors. Given that both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) mainly by Homologous Recombination, SNPs in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers. The Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of this pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. To test our hypothesis we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the 18 genes involved in BER, in a series of 2000 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Spanish Consortium for the Study of Hereditary Breast Cancer, the Istituto Nazionale Tumori and the National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”. For this purpose we have used a tagging SNP approach in which we have evaluated the common genetic variation in the 18 genes using the VeraCode GoldenGate 144 SNP Genotyping Kit. Preliminary results have showed statistically significant associations with cancer risk in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers for 46 SNPs (p&amp;lt;0.05), seven of them showing associations with p&amp;lt;10−3. Genetic and functional analyses are currently on-going to validate the most statistically significant effects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 90. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-90
Malpractice Claims
Authors: Lawrence E. Smarr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE HEALTH Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 established the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) as a supplemental means for health care authorities and credentialing organizations to identify practitioners who may have left a bad track record when moving from one locale to another. In 1992, the Data Bank commissioned several independent reviews of already-existing databases to investigate the value of having small-claim payments reported to the Data Bank. See also p 1421. The study by Bovbjerg and Petronis<sup>1</sup>published in this issue ofThe Journalprovides useful insight regarding claims reported during the period 1975 through 1983 against 8247 Florida physicians. The objective of the study was to investigate whether an association exists between past and subsequent claims of medical malpractice. While the study reviews all actual claims indexed, those resulting in payment are of greatest value with respect to the NPDB, as only claim payments are reported
SYNTHESIS AND QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF P-32 LABELED ON EXCHANGE RESIN MICROSPHERES FOR RADIATION THERAPY OF HEPATIC NEOPLASMS
Authors: Florian W. Zielinski, Jerry L. Pettis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Memorial Veterans Hospital, and Malgorzata Kasprzyk, Instytut Onkologii im Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie (Warsaw).
Haematologist is struck off after lying about his involvement in car crash
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We prospectively studied 48 patients with either breast cancer (30 patients) or lung cancer (18 patients) to ascertain the relationship between the degree of accumulation of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi and the expression of p-glycoprotein in tumor tissues. <b>Methods:</b> During initial presentation (37 patients) or post-therapy evaluation (11 patients), the patients underwent contemporaneous <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi imaging and biopsy (30 patients) or surgery (18 patients). The interval between surgery/biopsy and imaging varied between 3 and 15 days. All patients had radiologically detectable tumors. Immuno-histochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections using a monoclonal antibody, JSB-1, developed against the internal epitope of p-glycoprotein. Tumor-to-background ratios were correlated with the level of p-glycoprotein expression determined by immunohisto-chemical studies. <b>Results:</b> Our results showed an inverse correlation between the tumor-to-background ratios of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi and the density of p-glycoprotein expression in tumor tissues. The values for the tumor-to-background ratios were significantly lower for those tumors expressing p-glycoprotein at high levels than those with scattered and no expression (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). <b>Conclusion:</b> Although our results warrant further studies at the molecular level using PCR techniques after the extraction of mRNA, our data strongly suggest that <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi imaging is useful to noninvasively determine the presence of multidrug resistance in patients with malignant tumors.
The Future of Physicians' Time
Authors: Ian Morrison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Physicians' time is under assault in the current health care system. In particular, managed care payers are reducing compensation to physicians on a discounted fee-for-service basis. More demanding consumers, complex new technologies, and increased managerial and administrative burdens are placing further constraints on physicians' time. As we look ahead, it seems likely that these pressures will intensify and transform the ways in which physicians spend their time. Physicians will play eight key roles in the future: clinical data collector, shaman, health advisor and wellness coach, knowledge navigator, proceduralist, diagnostician, physician manager, and quality assurance specialist. They will need to lead the redesign of these roles and define the ways in which they should spend their time in the health care system of the new millennium.
The causes of obvious jaundice in South West Wales: perceptions versus reality
Authors: M W Whitehead
Journal: Gut (2001)

(1) A prospective analysis of clinically obvious jaundice (bilirubin >120 micromol/l) in South Wales to determine accuracy of diagnosis, referral pattern, treatment, and outcome. (2) To compare British gastroenterologists' and local general practitioners' perceptions of common causes of jaundice with our study findings.Over a seven month period all patients with bilirubin >120 micromol/l (excluding neonates with physiological jaundice) were identified by a biochemistry laboratory serving three general hospitals and the community. Clinical data were recorded prospectively. Sixty nine consultant gastroenterologists and 67 local general practitioners (GPs) were asked to cite the commonest causes of bilirubin >120 micromol/l in their experience.A total of 121 patients were identified of whom 95 were admitted to hospital because of jaundice, 22 developed jaundice while in hospital, and four remained in the community. Causes of jaundice were: malignancy 42, sepsis/shock 27, cirrhosis 25, gall stones 16, drugs 7, autoimmune hepatitis 2, and viral hepatitis 2. One in five was wrongly diagnosed, often as viral hepatitis. Although 30% were under surgical care only 4% required surgery. Overall mortality was high (31%) and greatest in sepsis/shock (51%). Gastroenterologists and GPs both perceived malignancy and gall stones to be the commonest causes of marked jaundice followed by viral hepatitis and cirrhosis; sepsis/shock was hardly mentioned.There are important discrepancies between gastroenterologists' and GPs' perceptions of likely causes of jaundice and the actual causes we have shown. In particular, sepsis/shock is common in hospital practice but is overlooked whereas viral hepatitis is rare but perceived as common and overdiagnosed. Gall stones usually cause mild jaundice with bilirubin levels less than 120 micromol/l. Many patients are referred to surgical services for historical reasons yet rarely require surgery and are usually treated by physicians or endoscopists.
Cell Surface Differentiation Antigens of the Malignant T Cell in Sezary Syndrome and Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Barton F. Haynes, Paul Bunn, Dean Mann, Charles Thomas, George S. Eisenbarth, John Minna, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit heteroantisera, we have studied the cell surface markers of peripheral blood (PB) Sezary cells from six patients with mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome, disease grouped within the spectrum of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL). Furthermore, we have studied two cell lines (Hut 78 and Hut 102) derived from malignant Sezary T cells from CTCL patients. The monoclonal antibody 3A1 defines a major human PB T cell subset (85% of PB T cells) while the antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 4F2 is present on a subset (70%) of activated PB T cells and on circulating PB monocytes.
Skin Rash: The Worst Kind
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— The thought that always comes to my mind on seeing the expression skin rash is Gee— that's the worst kind. It might not save as many barrels of ink as Paul Bunyan's bookkeeper saved by no longer dotting his i's or crossing his t's, but it does seem as if it would do merely to say rash.
Development of a self-inactivating tet-on retroviral vector expressing bone morphogenetic protein 4 to achieve regulated bone formation
Authors: Hairong Peng, Arvydas Usas, Brian Gearhart, Brett Young, Anne Olshanski, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The aims of this study were to explore the possibility of improving the design of self-inactivating (SI) retroviral vectors and to develop an SI vector that would allow optimal tet-on-regulated therapeutic gene expression. To minimize any interference between the viral promoter and the inducible promoter, we deleted different regulatory elements in the 3′LTR and examined their effects on transgene expression in transfected or transduced cells. In transfected cells, such deletions reduced the transgene expression. The insertion of a polyadenylation sequence could not completely compensate for this effect. We observed three patterns of transgene expression in cells transduced with these tet-on retroviral vectors: (1) high levels of both basal and inducible expression, (2) low levels of both basal and inducible expression, and (3) low levels of basal and high levels of inducible expression. After using the optimal vector to transduce muscle-derived stem cells, we were able to regulate the strong in vitro expression of transgenes—including enhanced green fluorescent protein and bone morphogenetic protein 4—via the addition or withdrawal of doxycycline (Dox). Implantation of the transduced cells and subsequent Dox-dependent induction of gene expression resulted in bone formation in vivo. Thus, we have developed an optimal SI retroviral vector that maintains a high titer, efficiently transduces muscle-derived stem cells, and enables both high levels of inducible gene expression in vitro and robust regulated bone formation in vivo.
Neutrophil Granulocyte–committed Cells Can Be Driven to Acquire Dendritic Cell Characteristics
Authors: Leopold Oehler, Otto Majdic, Winfried F. Pickl, Johannes Stöckl, Elisabeth Riedl, Johannes Drach, Klemens Rappersberger, Klaus Geissler, Walter Knapp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) are thought to fulfill their role in host defense primarily via phagocytosis and release of cytotoxic compounds and to be inefficient in antigen presentation and stimulation of specific T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs), in contrast, are potent antigen-presenting cells with the unique capacity to initiate primary immune responses. We demonstrate here that highly purified lactoferrin-positive immediate precursors of end-stage neutrophilic PMN (PMNp) can be reverted in their functional maturation program and driven to acquire characteristic DC features. Upon culture with the cytokine combination granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha, they develop DC morphology and acquire molecular features characteristic for DCs. These molecular changes include neo-expression of the DC-associated surface molecules cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD1b, CD1c, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, HLA-DQ, CD80, CD86, CD40, CD54, and CD5, and downregulation of CD15 and CD65s. Additional stimulation with CD40 ligand induces also expression of CD83 and upregulates CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR. The neutrophil-derived DCs are potent T cell stimulators in allogeneic, as well as autologous, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), whereas freshly isolated neutrophils are completely unable to do so. In addition, neutrophil-derived DCs are at least 10,000 times more efficient in presenting soluble antigen to autologous T cells when compared to freshly isolated monocytes. Also, in functional terms, these neutrophil-derived DCs thus closely resemble "classical" DC populations.
Abscesses of the Valve Rings of the Heart, a Frequent but Not Well Recognized Complication of Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: WALTER H. SHELDON, ABNER GOLDEN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Abscesses of the valve rings of the heart were encountered at autopsy in 86 per cent of patients with acute bacterial endocarditis who had received antibiotic therapy. The abscesses, which appeared to arise from mycotic aneurysms in the valve rings, represented in most instances the only persistent focus of acute inflammation. They may account in part for the unsatisfactory results in the treatment of acute bacterial endocarditis, and their frequent occurrence suggests a relationship to antibiotic therapy.