tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MEMORY FUNCTION
Authors: H. J. EYSENCK, H. HALSTEAD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

Fifteen individual memory tests and one intelligence test were given to sixty male neurotic army patients at Mill Hill and Sutton Emergency Hospitals. The scores on these 16 tests were intercorrelated, and the resulting table factor-analyzed. The following results were found: 1. All the memory tests correlated positively with the intelligence test, the correlation varying from +0.63 to +0.96. 2. One general factor accounted for all the correlations in the table within the limits of the probable error; this general factor accounted for 74% of the variance. 3. It was shown by two separate methods that the general factor found could be equated with general intelligence, or "g," and that all the correlations in the table could be accounted for without the necessity of postulating a "memory" factor. 4. The conclusion was drawn that the ability involved in the clinical tests of "memory" studied in this research was identical with that involved in the intelligence test used, and that therefore it was misleading to accept scores on these various tests as estimates of a person' "memory" ability.
Clinico-pathological analysis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Authors: Yuh Fukuda, Mikiko Takahashi, Shinobu Kunugi, Mika Terasaki, Hirokazu Urushiyama, Yasuhiro Terasaki, Arata Azuma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

[PURPOSE] ARDS is a severe disease and the therapy is not completely established and the pathophysiology is still controversial. There is a report one third of clinically diagnosed ARDS in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) were pathologically not diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), but were pneumonia, hemorrhage and so on. In this context, we clinico-pathologically studied the autopsy cases with clinically diagnosed ARDS in our hospital.  [CASES and METHODS] The 20 patients had originally chronic diseases and were treated in our hospital. In clinical courses, they showed ARDS and were moved to ICU and died and were autopsied. The lungs and other organs were pathologically investigated what is the pathophysiological findings of clinical ARDS. Elastica stain, Al-PAS stain and immunohistochemistry for type I and IV collagen, α smooth muscle actin and Ki-67 were used. The periods of clinical ARDS and the estimated stages of DAD were compared and clinico-pathologically analyzed.  [RESULTS and DISCUSSION] A half of ARDS states were clinically diagnosed as pulmonary infection or tumor infiltration. However, 18 of 20 cases of clinically diagnosed ARDS were pathologically DAD. The period of ARDS and the stage of DAD were concordant in all 18 cases. One of non-DAD cases was lung edema due to acute endocarditis and the other was aspergillosis with CMV pneumonia. Some cases also showed pathologically acute pneumonia, though the lesions of pneumonia are localized in the proximal portion of organized DAD. These findings mean the lesions of pneumonia appear after DAD. [CONCLUSION] It is confirmed that DAD itself mainly causes ARDS in the patients associated with chronic underlying diseases under the treatment in a hospital.
Studies of the Mammary-Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice
Authors: Howard B. Andervont, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

An inbred strain of RIII mice was established from mice obtained in 1945. During the first 27 generations of inbreeding, the mice showed a high incidence of mammary tumor at a low average age, but beginning with the F28 generation the incidence declined and the average age increased. Evidence suggests that the agent lost its effectiveness and, in some instances, to such a degree that it either disappeared from or became inactive in a few mice; descendants of these mice developed few mammary tumors. The occurrence of tumors in reciprocal F1 hybrids from strains C3H and RIII revealed that the RIII agent was the weaker. When agent-free C3H females were suckled by RIII foster mothers, the fostered mice and their progeny developed few breast tumors, but there was no unequivocal evidence that the RIII agent had disappeared from strain C3H mice. When presumably agent-free RIII mice were suckled by strain C3H foster mothers, the fostered mice developed tumors. Almost all the descendants of 3 fostered RIII mice also developed tumors at low average ages. The mice descended from another fostered RIII female showed a high incidence of tumors in the first 4 generations of inbreeding. Mice of the F5 generation of this line and of the following 4 generations have shown a low tumor incidence; only 1 of 31 mice developed a tumor and the remaining mice were tumor-free at 6 to 23 months of age at the time of writing this paper. This is good evidence that the C3H agent can either disappear from or become inactive, at least temporarily, in strain RIII mice.
Engineering Nanoscale Stem Cell Niche: Direct Stem Cell Behavior at Cell–Matrix Interface
Authors: Yan Zhang, Andrew Gordon, Weiyi Qian, Weiqiang Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Biophysical cues on the extracellular matrix (ECM) have proven to be significant regulators of stem cell behavior and evolution. Understanding the interplay of these cells and their extracellular microenvironment is critical to future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, both of which require a means of controlled differentiation. Research suggests that nanotopography, which mimics the local, nanoscale, topographic cues within the stem cell niche, could be a way to achieve large‐scale proliferation and control of stem cells in vitro. This Progress Report reviews the history and contemporary advancements of this technology, and pays special attention to nanotopographic fabrication methods and the effect of different nanoscale patterns on stem cell response. Finally, it outlines potential intracellular mechanisms behind this response.
The effect of long-term intravenous calcitriol administration on parathyroid function in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: M Rodriguez, A J Felsenfeld, C Williams, J A Pederson, F Llach
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in dialysis patients. Intravenous calcitriol has proven to be an effective therapy for the reduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. However, the effect of i.v. calcitriol on parathyroid function, defined as the sigmoidal PTH-calcium curve developed during hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia, has not been evaluated during the prolonged administration of i.v. calcitriol. Six hemodialysis patients with marked secondary hyperparathyroidism, PTH levels greater than 500 pg/mL (normal, 10 to 65 pg/mL), were treated for 42 wk with 2 micrograms of i.v. calcitriol after each hemodialysis. Parathyroid function was evaluated before and after 10 and 42 wk of calcitriol therapy. Between baseline and 42 wk, the basal PTH level decreased from 890 +/- 107 to 346 +/- 119 pg/mL (P less than 0.02) and the maximally stimulated PTH level decreased from 1293 +/- 188 to 600 +/- 140 pg/mL (P less than 0.01). In addition, calcitriol administration significantly decreased PTH levels throughout the hypocalcemic range of the PTH-calcium curve. Although the slope of the PTH-calcium curve (with maximal PTH as 100%) decreased between baseline and 42 wk (P less than 0.05), the set point of calcium did not change. Two patients with a decrease in both basal and maximally stimulated PTH levels after 10 wk of calcitriol, developed marked hyperphosphatemia between 10 and 42 wk; this resulted in an exacerbation of hyperparathyroidism despite continued calcitriol therapy. In conclusion, prolonged i.v. calcitriol administration is an effective treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients provided that reasonable control of the serum phosphate is achieved. In addition, the slope of the PTH-calcium curve may be a better indicator of parathyroid cell sensitivity than the set point of calcium.
Letter by De Backer et al Regarding Article, “Oral Buflomedil in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 4-Year Study”
Authors: Tine L. De Backer, Robert H. Vander Stichele, Luc M. Van Bortel
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Obesity induced by high fat feeding attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Joanne Petrie, Michael Wilson, Brijesh Patel, Kieran O'Dea, Masao Takata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background 

Retrospective analysis of Intensive Care data suggests that obesity may confer a survival advantage in Acute Lung Injury (ALI). Development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a major determinant of ALI mortality. We have therefore investigated the impact of high fat diet-induced obesity on VILI in mice.

Methods 

Male C57BL/6 mice were fed high fat diet for a minimum of 13 weeks, resulting in a mean body weight 30% greater than lean age-matched controls. Animals were anaesthetised and ventilated with high-stretch, standardised as plateau pressure (Pplat) 35-37cmH2O. Tidal volumes were similar between groups (mean ∼1080μl). Mice were ventilated for 180mins or until Pplat increased by 20%. Lung tissue was harvested for wet:dry ratio or processed to a single cell suspension for leukocyte quantification by flow cytometry.

Results 

High stretch ventilation induced increases in Pplat and lung wet:dry ratio, and a decrease in paO2 in lean mice, which were all significantly attenuated in obese animals. Leukocyte recruitment (cells/g dry lung mass) also tended to be reduced.

View this table:



Conclusion 

High fat feeding attenuates pulmonary oedema and lung dysfunction associated with VILI in mice. Numerous metabolic and immunological differences exist between lean and obese subjects. Exploring the mechanisms behind this obesity-mediated protection from VILI may lead to identification of novel pathways and therapeutic targets.

Funded by: BJA/Royal College of Anaesthetists.
Anesthetist is sued after sedated patient recorded insults on phone
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A Virginia anesthetist must pay $500 000 (£320 000; €450 000) in damages to a patient whose smartphone recorded her insulting and mocking him during a colonoscopy and deliberately giving him a false diagnosis.

Expecting to feel groggy after his colonoscopy, the patient, a lawyer identified in court papers only as DB, had turned on his phone’s voice recorder to capture the gastroenterologist’s postoperative instructions. The phone, in his trousers, had been put under his trolley and recorded the entire procedure.

The anesthetist, Tiffany Ingham, 42, seemed to have taken a sharp dislike to the patient during their preoperative discussion, when he had mentioned feeling queasy after a previous injection and also disclosed the fact that he was taking a …
Pancreatic and Liver Free Papers
Authors: A.C. Bateman, K.S.A. Thomas, D.R. Fine, P.A. Johnson, C.D. Johnson, J.P. Iredale
Journal: Gut (2001)

Results: 222 patients were identified and 192 sets of case notes reviewed.Age and mode of presentation, sex distribution and co-morbidity did not diVer significantly from other published series.Small bowel biopsy (SBB) had been performed on 181 patients (95.6%), however SBB had only been repeated in 91 (48%) of cases to assess response to gluten free diet (GFD).32 patients were responsive, 42 showed no histological response, and 7 had serious complications of CD.Compliance with GFD was considered to be good in 118 (61.5%) of patients, and poor in the remainder.IgA antiendomysial antibodies (AEA) had never been checked in the majority (57.8%) of cases.DEXA scans had been performed in 34 patients (17.7%), although of those performed 27 (79.4%)show osteoporosis (BMD >2.5SD below mean for young adults).The CD review clinic has been established to allow review of all patients by a clinician and dietician.To date 125 patients have been reviewed (43 men, 82 women).Compliance with GFD was considered to be good in 82 cases (65.6%), of which 59 (72%) were AEA negative, 10 (12.2%) were AEA positive and equivocal in 13 (15.9%).Only 51.2 % of patients were members of the Coeliac Society.Nutritional deficiencies were detected in 28.2% (19 patients folate deficient, 12 iron deficient, 3 B 12 deficient, 2 vitamin D deficient).DEXA scans were requested on 91 patients, 65 have been examined to date, of which 25 (38.5%)show osteoporosis and 10 (15.4%) show osteopenia.Conclusions: Management of CD in our unit did not meet the standards suggested in current guidelines.As a consequence complications, particularly osteoporosis and ongoing nutritional deficiencies, were not being detected at routine follow up.The establishment of a specialist clinic has enabled a co-ordinated approach between clinician and dietician, and enabled compliance with current guidelines.
Effect of Unblocking Therapy and Levamisole on Primary Gastrointestinal Tumors in Rats: Immunologic and Histologic Correlation2
Authors: Subhash C. Bansal, Bharti R. Bansal, Raymond Mark, Jonathan E. Rhoads
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The effect of multimodal immunotherapy was studied in WF rats bearing primary gastrointestinal (GI) tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochlorude. The alterations induced in antitumor immune responses of the treated rats were studied in vitro and were correlated with tumor status in vivo. Multimodal immunotherapy consisted of unblocking serum, unblocked lymphoid cells, and levamisole. Such immunologic intervention resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth, inhibition of metastases, and prolonged survival of the host. Serum blocking activity could be completely counteracted in 6 rats, all of which showed complete tumor regression. Of 20 rats, 8 showed inadequate counteraction of serum blocking activity and transient appearance of cytotoxic antibodies. All 8 rats showed marked tumor inhibition and prolonged survival. Six remaining rats succumbed from either GI or extra-GI tumors, although they survived significantly longer than untreated rats; these 6 rats had only transient counteraction of their serum blocking activity. All 20 tumors in 14 rats of the therapy group showed histologic evidence of tumor rejection. Our studies suggested that a complete counteraction of blocking activity in conjunction with methods capable of Improving the specific and nonspecific immune competence of the host may be important to achieve optimal antitumor effects.
How Do General Practitioners Respond to Reports of Abnormal Chest X-rays?
Authors: W S Lim, J T Macfarlane, P C Deegan, A Manhire, W F Holmes, D R Baldwin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

General practitioners (GPs) in the UK have long had direct access to hospital radiological services, which in theory shortens investigation time and improves the quality of service. Chest X-rays (CXRs) account for a substantial proportion of requests, and we investigated what happened when an abnormality was detected. In one year, 204 GPs in the Nottingham area requested CXRs in 605 patients. 362 were reported normal, 165 abnormal but hospital follow-up not indicated and 71 abnormal with radiological follow-up or hospital referral indicated (mass lesion suspicious of tumours 27, infective shadowing 35, other 9). 64 of the 71 were seen in hospital within three months, and in those with suspected cancer the median time to follow-up was 20 days. These results show that GPs do act on the results of abnormal CXRs, but only 37% of those with a mass suspicious of cancer were seen in hospital within two weeks as recommended by the British Thoracic Society. Time might be saved if GPs agreed to direct referral from the radiology department to respiratory physicians.
Prevention of Murine Lupus Nephritis by Targeting Multiple Signaling Axes and Oxidative Stress Using a Synthetic Triterpenoid
Authors: Tianfu Wu, Yujin Ye, So‐Youn Min, Jiankun Zhu, Elhaum Khobahy, Jason Zhou, Mei Yan, Sriram Hemachandran, Simanta Pathak, Xin J. Zhou, Michael Andreeff, Chandra Mohan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Current treatment options for lupus are far from optimal. Previously, we reported that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, MEK-1/ERK-1,2, p38, STAT-3, STAT-5, NF-κB, multiple Bcl-2 family members, and various cell cycle molecules were overexpressed in splenic B cells in an age-dependent and gene dose-dependent manner in mouse strains with spontaneous lupus. Since the synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me) has been shown to inhibit AKT, MEK-1/2, and NF-κB, and to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis, we tested the therapeutic potential of this agent in murine lupus nephritis.The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Me or placebo was administered to 2-month-old B6.Sle1.Sle3 mice or MRL/lpr mice, which develop spontaneous lupus. All mice were phenotyped for disease.CDDO-Me-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced splenic cellularity, with decreased numbers of both CD4+ T cells and activated CD69+/CD4+ T cells compared to the placebo-treated mice. These mice also exhibited a significant reduction in serum autoantibody levels, including anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and antiglomerular antibodies. Finally, CDDO-Me treatment attenuated renal disease in mice, as indicated by reduced 24-hour proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, and glomerulonephritis. At the mechanistic level, CDDO-Me treatment dampened MEK-1/2, ERK, and STAT-3 signaling within lymphocytes and oxidative stress. Importantly, the NF-E2-related factor 2 pathway was activated after CDDO-Me treatment, indicating that CDDO-Me may modulate renal damage in lupus via the inhibition of oxidative stress.These findings underscore the importance of AKT/MEK-1/2/NF-κB signaling in engendering murine lupus. Our findings indicate that the blockade of multiple signaling nodes and oxidative stress may effectively prevent and reverse the hematologic, autoimmune, and pathologic manifestations of lupus.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Zeynep Dogrul, Sinan Erginel, Huseyin Yildirim, Guntulu Ak, Ragip Ozkan, Fusun Alatas, Muzaffer Metintas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is commonly seen in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and is associated with a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of PH in patients with ILD.  Demographic and clinical characteristics, physiological studies, six-minute-walking test (6MWT) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) results were prospectively collected, and compared between patients with and without PH. Pulmonary hypertension was defined by right heart catheterization as mean pulmonary artery pressure > or =25 mm Hg and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure   The study cohort consisted of 30 patients. The final diagnoses of these patients were idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis (n=15), asbestosis (n=3), chronic sarcoidosis (n=5), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n=3), and un-classified (n=4). Fourteen patients (46.6%) were found to have PH. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure in PH patients was 32.9±6.8 mm Hg, and 18.2±3.5 mm Hg in non-PH patients (p  1 , and percentage of predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Our findings revealed that pulmonary hypertension occurs commonly in ILD. Pulmonary hypertension plays an important and underappreciated role in the functional status of patients with ILD.
Acute infiltration by non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma of lesions of disseminated herpes zoster
Authors: None Turner, None Sviland, None Lawrence
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A man with a 15-year history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presented with disseminated herpes zoster which initially responded to aciclovir. This was shortly followed by an acute exacerbation in the sites previously affected which was apparently resistant to antiviral therapy. Biopsy revealed a dense monomorphic lymphocytic infiltrate below active herpes zoster which had the same morphology and immunoreactivity as the underlying lymphoma. His clinical condition resolved with further chemotherapy for his lymphoma and continued treatment with aciclovir.
Precision of plasma clearance of iohexol for estimation of GFR in patients with renal disease.
Authors: F Gaspari, N Perico, M Matalone, O Signorini, N Azzollini, M Mister, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The choice of the optimal method for the measurement of renal function is based on the accuracy and the precision of the technique. The plasma clearance of nonradioactive iohexol has been proposed as a reliable alternative to renal clearance of inulin for estimation of GFR. However, the precision of this method in estimating GFR in patients with renal disease has not been determined so far. This issue was assessed by determining plasma clearance of iohexol on three different occasions during a 12-d period in 24 patients with renal disease and a wide range of renal function (creatinine clearance: 14 to 104 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Overall, the mean intraindividual coefficient of variation was 5.59%, and the reproducibility was 6.28%. The precision of the method also applied to the subgroup of patients with moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency, because a low coefficient of variation (5.71%) and a high reproducibility (6.57%) were found in patients with GFR < or =40 ml/min per 1.73 m2. It was also shown that the precision of GFR measurement by the plasma clearance of iohexol is not affected by the gender. These findings indicate that the method of plasma clearance of iohexol allows a good precision in the estimation of GFR in patients with normal renal function and different degrees of renal dysfunction.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma.
Authors: S B Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.11.1673 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3054001 Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. S B HowellxS B HowellSearch for articles by this author Show More University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.11.1673 First Page PDF © 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology