tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Cell Killing and Kinetic Effects of Vincristine or Vindesine in Mammalian Cell Lines
Authors: Bridget T. Hill, Richard D. H. Whelan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Survival curves for several monolayer and suspension cultures following 24-hour exposures to various vincristine (VCR) or vindesine (VDS) concentrations were all of the exponential-plateau type. Cytotoxicity increased with duration of exposure in hamster NIL8 cells and was comparable for both drugs. Murine L5178Y cells, although 200 times more sensitive than NIL8 cells, also showed similar sensitivities to VCR and VDS. Murine neuroblastoma cells proved approximately fivefold less sensitive to VDS than VCR, whereas qualitative and quantitative differences in the activity of these two drugs were noted in human neuroblastoma cells. The lethal effects of VCR and VDS were exerted solely on logarithmically growing NIL8 cells in the S-phase. Plateau-phase human neuroblastoma cells were also significantly less sensitive to both drugs than were logarithmically growing populations, where cell kill occurred during the S-phase. Complete mitotic arrest, induced by a 24-hour exposure to VCR or VDS, was only partially reversible, whereas rapid and complete reversibility occurred after only 5 hours of drug exposure.
Density Distribution Patterns of Marrow Colony-Forming Cells During Remission of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia2
Authors: Philip Heller, Peter Greenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

In vitro culture techniques were employed to evaluate bone marrow granulocytic-macrophagic colony-forming cell (CFC) concentration and density distribution profiles of 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia In remission, 6 of whom were followed serially until relapse. Normal CFC concentration was present during remission until relapse occurred or was imminent. The percentage of marrow CFC that was less dense than 1.062 g/cm 3 (light CFC) was determined by albumin neutral density (density cut) and continuous gradient equilibrium centrifugation procedures. Density cut determinations were normal in marrow cells from the 9 patients In complete marrow remission and in marrow cells from 5 of 6 patients in partial remission. Six of nine continuous gradients performed during complete remission had normal or near normal CFC density peaks and a normal percentage of light CFC, whereas three marrows, obtained within 3 months of relapse, had an Increased proportion of abnormally light density CFC. The general lack of shift in CFC density patterns in remission and early relapse is likely attributable to the persisting defective ability of the leukemic precursors to proliferate in the agar culture. The continuous gradient procedure appears more sensitive than the density cut technique for the definition of abnormal density distribution profiles during remission.
An Antigen-Binding Cell Tumor: Heterophile Cold Hemagglutinin as a Membrane- Bound Receptor on a Mouse Lymphoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H Hiai, H Shisa, Y Nishizuka, H Miyawaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A transplantable reticular lymphoma (NTL/3) of mice carried membrane-bound heterophile cold hemagglutinin (lgM) on the cell surface and formed rosettes with nonsensitized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the cold. In the sera of compatible recipients of the tumor grafts, elevation of cold hemagglutinin to SRBC corresponded with tumor growth. Heterophile cold hemagglutinin could be distinguished from Forssman antibody and Paul-Bunnel antibody in Davidsohn's differential absorption test. The cold hemagglutinin produced by NTL/3 was in essence an autoantibody, because its activity with SRBC was absorbed by tissue homogenates (especially by lung and kidney) from syngeneic mice. NTL/3 could be assumed to be a mouse homologue of lymphomas accompanied by cold agglutinin. In view of its functional analogy with normal developing B lymphocytes, NTL/3 might be a neoplasm of antigen-binding cells.
Influence of Histologic Subtype of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung on Clinical Presentation, Response to Therapy, and Survival&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Desmond N. Carney, Mary J. Matthews, Daniel C. Ihde, Paul A. Bunn, Martin H. Cohen, Robert W. Makuch, Adl F. Gazdar, John D. Minna
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were histologically subtyped according to the Working Party for Therapy of Lung Cancer classification and were treated with combination chemotherapy. Of the 103 patients studied, 54 had the lymphocyte-like (oat cell) subtype, 41 had the intermediate cell subtype, and 8 had a mixture of the two. No significant difference in initial performance status, extent of disease, chemotherapeutic response rate, or survival (median, 10.2 mo) was noted among the histologic subtypes. When the histologic subtype of the primary biopsy tissue was compared with the subtype of other pathology specimens from the same patient, concordance of subtype was present in 74% of the patients. In the remaining 26%, two or three histologic subtypes were present. This study demonstrates no clinically significant differences among the various histologic subtypes of SCCL in patients extensively staged and treated with aggressive cytotoxic therapy. Because of this and because concurrent biopsy tissues from multiple sites in the same patient may vary in subtype, we conclude that prognostic or therapeutic decisions should not be based on SCCL subtype.
Dermatology in general practice
Authors: None Julian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

A significant percentage of the workload of a general practitioner is dermatological. This study has analysed the cases seen by one partner in a semirural practice over a 5-year period. Of a total of 11,191 patients seen, 2386 had a dermatological diagnosis (21%). There was a preponderance of females (1604, 67%) and the most common skin diseases seen were viral warts, eczema and benign tumours. Surgical intervention was carried out in 707 cases, an atypical situation for most general practitioners. It was only because of additional training as a hospital practitioner in dermatology that the partner treated both benign and malignant tumours where she felt confident to do so. The incidence of skin cancer was 3% and 22 patients were referred to a dermatology outpatient department.
Pharmacokinetics of dibromodulcitol in humans: a phase I study.
Authors: S L Kelley, W P Peters, J Andersen, E A Furlong, E Frei, W D Henner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

A combined clinical and pharmacokinetic phase I study of the substituted hexitol dibromodulcitol (DBD), administered as a single oral monthly dose, has been performed. Twenty-three patients with advanced neoplasms received DBD doses ranging from 600 to 1,800 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA). The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, with both significant granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occurring at dose levels of 1,500 to 1,800 mg/m2. The average pharmacokinetic parameters for DBD, calculated on the basis of a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination, include the elimination constant, .005 +/- .002/min; absorption constant, .012 +/- .009/min; and an apparent volume of distribution, 1.03 +/- .4 L/kg. The area under the drug concentration curve (AUC) and the peak drug level (Cmax) were linearly related to the dose administered (P less than .001). The mean AUC was 18.7 +/- 6.1 mmol/L min, and the mean Cmax was 47.1 +/- 16.8 mumol/L when normalized to a DBD dose of 1 gm/m2. The elimination constant was significantly reduced in patients with abnormal hepatic function (P less than .01). The elimination constant was not correlated with renal function. The half-life of DBD in plasma (158 minutes) was considerably shorter than the four-to eight-hour half-life of total radioactivity in plasma measured by previous investigators following the administration of radiolabeled DBD.
Evaluation of the quality of life with COPD assessment test
Authors: Alexandru Corlateanu, Victoria Slutu, Victor Botnaru, Doina Rusu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a short, simple questionnaire for assessing and monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. It was demonstrated that it has good measurement properties, is sensitive to differences in state and should provide a valid, reliable and standardised measure of COPD health status.  The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can predict HRQL in patients with COPD.  Methods:  60 consecutive COPD patients were enrolled into the study. We analyzed age, gender, anthropometric, pack years, spirometric data (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC), BODE index (BMI, FEV1, MRC, 6 MWD). Health-related quality of life was assessed by the CAT and the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).  Results:  60 COPD patients were studied, mean age was 60.2±7.5 years, mean FEV1, % was 34.6±11.3%. Patients across all stages GOLD/ATS/ERS classification had similar age and pack/years (p>0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrates in COPD patients a significant positive correlation between the CAT and the total score of the SGRQ (r=0.59, p  Conclusion:  COPD Assessment Test is a useful instrument to assess disease impact in COPD. Age, dyspnoea and oxygen saturation in patients with COPD are independent risk factors for worsening of HRQL.
Role of Telomerase in Normal and Cancer Cells
Authors: Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

ABSTRACT: Shortening of the telomeric DNA at chromosome ends is postulated to limit the lifespan of human cells. In contrast, activation of telomerase, the enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA, is proposed to be an essential step in cancer cell immortalization and cancer progression. This review discusses the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the role of telomerase in cell immortalization, and the effects of telomerase inactivation on normal and cancer cells. Moreover, data on the experimental use of telomerase assays for cancer detection and diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the review considers the evidence regarding whether telomerase inhibitors could be used to treat human cancers.
Impact of Institutional Volume on Outcomes of Catheter Directed Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Acute Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Harish Jarrett, Chad. J. Zack, Vikas Aggarwal, Vladimir Lakhter, Mohammad A. Alkhouli, Huaqing Zhao, Anthony Comerota, Alfred A. Bove, Riyaz Bashir
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The use of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of acute proximal lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis is increasing in the United States and has been linked to higher bleeding rates. Whether this relationship is interrelated with institution volume of CDT is unknown.The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify all patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of proximal or inferior vena caval deep vein thrombosis and treated with CDT from 2005 to 2010. Institutions were divided into high-volume (≥6 procedures a year) and low-volume (<6 procedures a year) centers. Propensity score matching was used to create 2 matched groups for comparative analysis. A total of 90 618 patients were hospitalized for proximal lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis, and 3649 patients (4.1%) underwent CDT. In-hospital mortality was significantly lower at high-volume centers (0.6% versus 1.5%; P=0.04) with a trend toward lower intracranial hemorrhage rates compared with low-volume centers (0.4% versus 1%; P=0.07). No significant difference was seen with blood transfusion (10.4% versus 10.8%; P=0.70), gastrointestinal bleeding (1.4% versus 1.8%; P=0.35), or pulmonary embolism rates (18.4% versus 17.9%; P=0.72). Median length of stay was similar (6 days) and hospital charges were higher ($65 500 versus $75 870) at high-volume centers.In this observational study, we found that an increase in institutional volume of CDT was associated with lower in-hospital mortality and lower intracranial hemorrhage rates. Further studies are needed to assess whether standardization of CDT protocols across all institutions in the United States improves outcomes.
Potent Efficacy of BCL2 Inhibition with ABT-199 in High-Risk Aggressive B-Lymphoma Models When Combined with Knockdown of MCL1
Authors: Lingxiao Li, Praechompoo Pongtornpipat, Timothy Tiutan, Samantha L. Kendrick, Soyoung Park, Daniel O Persky, Lisa M. Rimsza, Soham D. Puvvada, Jonathan H. Schatz
Journal: Blood (2014)
Late-breaking abstract: Bi-level positive airway pressure (Bipap) effects on regional distribution of lung ventilation in COPD
Authors: Piera Fazzi, Renza Cristofani, Alfredo d'Abrosca, Maria Stella Derlin, Pierluigi Paggiaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  To assess changes on distribution of lung ventilation before and after Bipap, in patients (pts) with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) due to severe COPD.   Methods:  11 COPD pts (mean age 69.3±7.5), in stable conditions, underwent two successive ventilation scans (V) with a radiolabeled aerosol (99mTc nanocolloid albumin,Venticoll, GE). The first ventilation was done using FAI device (Fasteras, MPR), and the second one using an adapted nasal mask system (FA2), which allows evaluation of (V) distribution after Bipap. Clinical symptoms and arterial blood gas analysis were observed before and after treatment. The images of (V) before and after Bipap were quantified by a semi-automatic procedure which divides each lung in 3 regions of interest (ROI): upper, medium and lower lung field, to obtain the upper/lower (U/L) ratio. An automatic iso-level ROI procedure enabled radioactivity measurement (counts) of ventilated area (Va 5% and 30%), on the right posterior and on the right lateral lung. A ventilation distribution inhomogeneity index (INI) was defined as the ratio count/pixels, calculated on isoROI 5% and 30% (INI 5 and 30%).   Results:  A significant reduction of U/L ratio (F=12.12; p   Conclusions:  A significant improvement of the physiologic gradient (U/L), an increment of ventilated areas (Va 5%,30%), and a reduction of regional ventilation inhomogeneity distribution (INI) are likely underlying the therapeutic effect of the Bipap in COPD.
Induction of Interleukin‐6 Production by Rituximab in Human B Cells
Authors: Jonathan D. Jones, B. JoNell Hamilton, Sladjana Skopelja, William F. C. Rigby
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Rituximab (RTX), an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is highly effective in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. The mechanism by which RTX treatment improves rheumatoid arthritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is not easily related to B cell depletion alone. Prior studies have shown that RTX mediates a rapid stripping of CD20 and CD19 from the human B cell through a process known as trogocytosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in B cell phenotype resulting from trogocytosis would diminish the ability of B cells to promote autoimmune disease. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with RTX under conditions that permitted trogocytosis. Changes in B cell phenotype and cytokine production were measured in the basal state and under conditions of activation with interleukin-4 (IL-4)/anti-CD40. The effects of RTX were characterized in terms of a requirement for interaction with the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and other Fc-dependent interactions. Trogocytosis induced a marked loss of surface CD19, IgD, CD40, and B cell-activating factor receptor, but did not alter induction of CD86 expression on purified B cells following IL-4/anti-CD40 treatment. Unexpectedly, RTX-dependent trogocytosis of normal human B cells in vitro led to a rapid up-regulation of IL-6 production, with no effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, interferon-γ, or IL-10. This effect was Fc-dependent and required the presence of an FcγR-bearing cell. Moreover, this effect involved the release of preformed intracellular IL-6 protein, as well as marked increases in IL-6 messenger RNA levels. RTX-mediated trogocytosis of B cells in vitro results in acute production and release of IL-6. The nature of this effect and how it is related to the acute infusion reactions seen with RTX administration remain to be determined.
Effect of activated protein C on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with alteplase
Authors: Tomohiro Sakamoto, Hisao Ogawa, Keiji Takazoe, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hideki Shimomura, Yasushi Moriyama, Hidekazu Arai, Kenji Okajima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Primary chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: eight-year experience at the Milan Cancer Institute.
Authors: G Bonadonna, P Valagussa, C Brambilla, L Ferrari, A Moliterni, M Terenziani, M Zambetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Primary chemotherapy was administered to patients with tumors that measured &gt; or = 2.5 cm in largest diameter to decrease the size of the primary tumor and allow for effective local and distant control while avoiding mastectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two prospective nonrandomized studies were performed that used different regimens of primary chemotherapy followed by breast-sparing surgery in the presence of objective tumor remission. Additional postoperative chemotherapy was given to women at high risk of disease relapse. The median follow-up duration was 65 months. RESULTS A total of 536 assessable patients were enrolled, and the main characteristics were fairly comparable between the two trials. Following primary chemotherapy, 85% of patients could be subjected to breast-sparing surgery; in 14 patients (3%), surgical specimens failed to show any residual neoplastic cell. In the final multivariate analysis, the histologically assessed extent of axillary node involvement (P &lt; .001), as well as degree of response to primary chemotherapy (P = .034), represented the significant variables able to influence 8-year relapse-free survival. In women subjected to a breast-conserving approach, the cumulative risk of local relapse as first event alone was 6.8% (95% confidence interval, 3.9% to 8.8%). CONCLUSION Current findings indicate that primary chemotherapy can be safely administered in women with large tumors (&gt;5.0 cm) and can allow breast-sparing surgery in a high fraction of patients (62%). However, to assess effectively the worthiness of this approach on long-term results, properlyconceived large randomized studies with newer and more effective drug regimens are warranted.
Suppression of Mammary Hyperplastic Nodule Formation and Pituitary Prolactin Secretion in Mice Induced by Ergocornine or 2-Bromo-α-ergocryptine
Authors: Reiko Yanai, Hiroshi Nagasawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The effects of chronic subcutaneous administration of ergocornine or 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) on the incidence and growth of mammary hyperplastic nodules (HN) and on the levels of pituitary prolactin and growth hormone (GH) were studied in 7- to 8-month-old female mice of the C3H/He strain. The number of HN per mouse was 39 and 23% that of the controls in the groups receiving ergocornine and CB-154 for 20 days and 20 and 8% in the groups treated for 40 days. The average size of HN was significantly smaller, and the number of “ghost” nodules (the remnants of regressed HN) was larger in the treated groups than that in the controls treated for 40 days. The inhibition of HN was more pronounced after longer treatment with the alkaloids. Lobuloalveolar (L-A) development was limited in the mammary glands of the experimental groups, whereas the mammary glands of control animals had a moderately developed L-A system in both experiments. Levels of anterior pituitary prolactin were decreased to 54–60% of those for the controls by the ergot alkaloids. These decreases were more marked in the longer experiment. GH levels were not altered by the treatments. These results demonstrate that pituitary prolactin secretion was suppressed by ergocornine or CB-154, which is believed to be responsible for inhibiting the development and growth of HN.
Dynamic Alterations in Some Surface Properties of Freshly Explanted Moloney Lymphoma Cells 2
Authors: Maya Ran, Ilana Eshel, lsaac P. Witz, George Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

When Moloney lymphoma (YAC) cells were freshly explanted from the tumor-bearing host into culture, two events occurred in the first 120 minutes: The cells lost their natural IgG coat, and their sensitivity to complement-dependent lysis (CdL) mediated by antibodies to Moloney lymphoma cells decreased or increased. An increasing sensitivity to CdL as a function of incubation time at 37 degrees C was likely to occur when the sensitivity to CdL was low at explantation. A decreasing sensitivity to CdL was probable in instances of a high sensitivity to CdL at explantation. Artifical coating of YAC cells with antibodies to Moloney lymphoma immediately after explantation moderated the alterations in their sensitivity to CdL. This occurred even though a functional antibody did not remain on the cells as evidenced from the gradual decreased sensitivity of these artifically coated cells to the addition of complement. Spent culture media in which freshly explanted cells grew for 60 or 120 minutes sometimes blocked CdL of YAC cells mediated by antibodies to Moloney lymphoma.