tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social environment and year of birth influence type 1 diabetes risk for African-American and Latino children.
Authors: R B Lipton, M Drum, S Li, H Choi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Credible epidemiological data, primarily from European-origin populations, indicate that environmental factors play an important role in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A population-based registry of incident cases of type 1 diabetes among African-American and Latino children in Chicago was used to explore the influence of individual and neighborhood characteristics on diabetes risk. New cases of insulin-treated diabetes in African-American and Latino Chicagoans aged 0-17 years for 1985-1990 (n = 400) were assigned to one of 77 community areas based on street address. Census tables provided denominators, median household income, percentage of adults &amp;gt; or = 25 years old who had completed high school and college, and a crowding variable for each community area individual-level data were birth cohort, sex, and ethnicity. Outcomes in Poisson regression were sex-, ethnic-, and birth cohort-specific incidence rates. RESULTS: Significant univariate associations between diabetes risk and ethnicity, birth cohort, crowding, and the percentage of adults in each community area who had completed high school and college were observed. African-Americans had a relative risk (RR) of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.14-1.76) compared with Latinos. Risk varied significantly by birth cohort in both ethnic groups. For every 10% increase in the proportion of adults who completed college, the RR for diabetes increased by 25% (RR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.09-1.44]). Social class variables were significant determinants of risk for African Americans, but not for Latinos. CONCLUSIONS: The strong birth cohort and social class associations observed in this study implicate an infectious exposure linked with age.
Current and future management of pediatric venous thromboembolism
Authors: Bryce A. Kerlin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly common complication encountered in tertiary care pediatric settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiology, current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic options, and management of this disease. Over 70% of VTE occur in children with chronic diseases. Although they are seen in children of all ages, adolescents are at greatest risk. Pediatric VTE is associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality; recurrent VTE and post‐thrombotic syndrome are commonly seen in survivors. In recent years, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin has emerged as the mainstay of therapy, but compliance is limited by its onerous subcutaneous administration route. New anticoagulants either already approved for use in adults or in the pipeline offer the possibility of improved dose stability and oral routes of administration. Current recommended anticoagulation course durations are derived from very limited case series and cohort data, or extrapolations from adult literature. However, the pathophysiologic underpinnings of pediatric VTE are dissimilar from those seen in adults and are often variable within groups of pediatric patients. Clinical studies and trials in pediatric VTE are underway which will hopefully improve the quality of evidence from which therapeutic guidelines are derived. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Layer-specific excitatory circuits differentially control recurrent network dynamics in the neocortex
Authors: Riccardo Beltramo, Giulia D'Urso, Marco Dal Maschio, Pasqualina Farisello, Serena Bovetti, Yoanne Clovis, Glenda Lassi, Valter Tucci, Davide De Pietri Tonelli, Tommaso Fellin
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Variations in circulating catecholamines fail to alter human platelet alpha-2-adrenergic receptor number or affinity for [3H]yohimbine or [3H]dihydroergocryptine.
Authors: M A Pfeifer, K Ward, T Malpass, J Stratton, J Halter, M Evans, H Beiter, L A Harker, D Porte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

A series of studies were performed to determine the relationship between physiologic levels of circulating plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine and human platelet alpha-2 binding site number and the affinity (KD) of these sites for antagonist radioligands. In one study, alpha-2-adrenergic binding site number and affinity were compared using both [3H]yohimbine and [3H]dihydroergocryptine as radioligands. There was good absolute and relative comparison for binding site number, but only a relative relationship for KD. In 46 normal subjects, there was no significant relationship between site number or KD and age, plasma epinephrine, or plasma norepinephrine concentration. Even after plasma epinephrine was raised nearly 20-fold by means of an intravenous infusion for 4 h in seven normal subjects, neither sites (608 +/- 68 vs. 567 +/- 120 sites/platelet) nor KD (2.01 +/- 0.94 vs. 2.14 +/- 1.15 nM) were significantly changed. Similarly, neither sites (445 +/- 55 vs. 421 +/- 53 sites/platelet) nor KD (1.44 +/- 0.29 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.75 nM) were significantly changed in six normal subjects when plasma norepinephrine levels increased during oral administration of prazosin for 1 wk. Thus, in a cross-sectional analysis and after a change in plasma catecholamine concentrations, there was no relationship in normal subjects between platelet alpha-2 binding site number or affinity of these sites for antagonist radioligands and the circulating catecholamine levels to which the platelets were exposed. In a group (n = 7) of patients who lack epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation due to abnormal thrombopoiesis, binding site number was decreased (304 +/- 36 vs. 572 +/- 29 sites/platelet, P less than 0.001) and KD tended to be greater (8.69 +/- 2.44 vs. 5.40 +/- 0.31 nM, P = NS) than in normal subjects (n = 46), despite having similar plasma catecholamine levels. There was no difference in binding site number (491 +/- 116 sites/platelet) and KD (5.61 +/- 0.84 nM) in patients (n = 5) with autonomic insufficiency and low levels of upright plasma norepinephrine when compared with the normal subjects. Two patients were examined before and after the removal of a pheochromocytoma. Their binding site number and KD were normal before the operation and essentially unchanged after the tumor removal and fall of plasma catecholamines. Thus, this study demonstrates that within the physiologic and pathophysiologic range of plasma catecholamines (in men), there is no relationship between the circulating catecholamine concentration and either platelet alpha-2 adrenergic binding site number or the affinity of these sites for antagonist radioligands.
Importance of Identifying the Overweight Patient Who Will Benefit the Most by Losing Weight
Authors: Gerald M. Reaven
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Because being overweight increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, the rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States represents a major health problem. The relationship between overweight and obesity and these conditions is probably due to insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. However, although it is known that weight loss in insulin-resistant and hyperinsulinemic persons will be of substantial metabolic benefit, it is equally well established that many overweight and obese persons are not insulin resistant. In the absence of insulin resistance and its manifestations, the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease is reduced and the metabolic benefit of weight loss in the substantial number of overweight persons who are insulin sensitive is relatively minimal. Consequently, it is important to identify which overweight persons are most likely to be insulin resistant by considering their family history; blood pressure; and plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Thoughtful use of this information will help identify the subset of persons who will benefit the most from intense therapeutic efforts to lose weight.
Transbronchial lung biopsy through fibreoptic bronchoscope in diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Authors: D M Mitchell, D N Mitchell, J V Collins, C J Emerson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Sarcoidosis was ultimately diagnosed in a consecutive series of 79 patients, of whom 24 presented with unusual features. Histological support for this diagnosis was obtained in 37 out of 42 patients who underwent transbronchial biopsy; epithelioid and giant-cell granulomas were also found on biopsy of the bronchial mucosa in 17 out of 22 patients. Kveim tests were completed in 44 patients: results were positive in 19, equivocal in 11, and negative in 14. In 16 patients histological support was obtained on biopsy of various other tissues. The clinical presentation of the disease and the degree of histological support provided by the various procedures used in reaching a diagnosis of sarcoidosis varied considerably. Transbronchial biopsy of the lung is a useful advance in diagnosing sarcoidosis and provided a higher diagnostic yield than any other method.
IL-6 and Its Soluble Receptor Orchestrate a Temporal Switch in the Pattern of Leukocyte Recruitment Seen during Acute Inflammation
Authors: Suzanne M Hurst, Thomas S Wilkinson, Rachel M McLoughlin, Suzanne Jones, Sankichi Horiuchi, Naoki Yamamoto, Stefan Rose-John, Gerald M Fuller, Nicholas Topley, Simon A Jones
Journal: Immunity (2001)
737 HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN SEROCLEARANCE RATES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Authors: S. Yapali, B. Bayrakci, M. Akyildiz, R. Vardar, F. Gunsar, G. Ersoz, Z. Karasu, T. Ilter, U.S. Akarca
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 potentiates bile acid-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes that is dependent on p53
Authors: Liang Qiao, Robert McKinstry, Seema Gupta, Donna Gilfor, Jolene J. Windle, Philip B. Hylemon, Steven Grant, Paul B. Fisher, Paul Dent
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Prolonged activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway enhances expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 that can promote growth arrest and cell survival in response to cytotoxic insults. Bile acids can also cause prolonged MAPK activation that is cytoprotective against bile acid-induced cell death. Here, we examined the impact of bile acid-induced MAPK signaling and p21 expression on the survival of primary mouse hepatocytes. Deoxycholic acid (DCA) caused prolonged activation of the MAPK pathway that weakly enhanced p21 protein expression. When DCA-induced MAPK activation was blocked using MEK1/2 inhibitors, both hepatocyte viability and expression of p21 were reduced. Surprisingly, constitutive overexpression of p21 in p21+/+ hepatocytes enhanced DCA-induced cell killing. In agreement with these findings, treatment of p21-/- hepatocytes with DCA and MEK1/2 inhibitors also caused less apoptosis than observed in wild-type p21+/+ cells. Expression of p21 in p21-/- hepatocytes did not modify basal levels of apoptosis but restored the apoptotic response of p21-/- cells to those of p21+/+ cells overexpressing p21. These findings suggest that basal expression of p21 plays a facilitating, proapoptotic role in DCA-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of p21 enhanced p53 protein levels. In agreement with a role for p53 in the enhanced apoptotic response, overexpression of p21 did not potentiate apoptosis in p53-/- hepatocytes but, instead, attenuated the death response in these cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that overexpression of p21 can promote apoptosis, leading to elevated sensitivity to proapoptotic stimuli.
Tumor Vessel Normalization by Chloroquine Independent of Autophagy
Authors: Hannelore Maes, Anna Kuchnio, Aleksandar Peric, Stijn Moens, Kris Nys, Katrien De Bock, Annelies Quaegebeur, Sandra Schoors, Maria Georgiadou, Jasper Wouters, Stefan Vinckier, Hugo Vankelecom, Marjan Garmyn, Anne-Clémence Vion, Freddy Radtke, Chantal Boulanger, Holger Gerhardt, Elisabetta Dejana, Mieke Dewerchin, Bart Ghesquière, Wim Annaert, Patrizia Agostinis, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Bioprosthetic Valves for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—Reply
Authors: Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Julinda Mehilli, Gert Richardt
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONAL RENAL TESTS PROPERLY INTERPRETED
Authors: EDWIN BEER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During recent years, the study of the functional behavior of various organs has gradually come into its own, displacing in a measure the older studies based on the gross physical changes. The various systems of the body, such as the cardiovascular, the hepatic and the renal, have been approached more or less successfully by this newer method, which has led to numerous valuable advances. In no field, however, have these tests been so assiduously studied as in connection with kidney secretion; and the numerous tests elaborated for the study of kidney function have now been in use sufficiently long to enable one to evaluate their relative importance. Any one who has had an opportunity to follow this development in connection with kidney function carefully and regularly has seen the vast change that these studies have effected in the end-results of the various forms of therapy employed. The study of the
RECURRENT PULMONARY OEDEMA IN HYPERTENSION DUE TO BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS: TREATMENT BY ANGIOPLASTY OR SURGICAL REVASCULARISATION
Authors: ThomasG. Pickering, RichardB. Devereux, GaryD. James, MichaelF. Silane, Lawrence Herman, JulioE. Sotelo, ThomasA. Sos, JohnH. Laragh
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Failure to Report Financial Disclosure Information in a Study of Gastric Banding in Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Paul E. O’Brien
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Financial Disclosures: Dr O’Brien reported receiving compensation as the national medical director for the American Institute of Gastric Banding since 2007, and receiving compensation as author of the book The Lap-Band Solution: A Partnership for Weight Loss. Dr Dixon reported that he has a consultancy with Allergan and is a member of the Allergan diabetes advisory board; has consultancies with Bariatric Advantage, Scientific Intake, and SP Health Co; serves on the Optifast medical advisory board, the diabetes advisory board for Allergan Inc, and the medical advisory board for Bariatric Advantage; and has served on speakers’ bureaus for Abbott Australasia, Allergan Inc, Bariatric Advantage, Eli Lilly Australia, Merck Sharp & Dohme Australia, Nestle Australia, and Roche Products Australia. No other disclosures were reported.
Long‐term effects of specific immunotherapy, administered during childhood, in asthmatic patients allergic to either house‐dust mite or to both house‐dust mite and grass pollen
Authors: M. Cools, H.P. Van Bever, J.J. Weyler, W.J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (2000)

In a retrospective study, asthmatic patients allergic to either house-dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) (n = 34) or to both HDM and grass pollen (GP) (n = 14), and who were treated with specific immunotherapy (SIT) during childhood (mean duration of SIT: 61 +/- 9.70 months), were re-evaluated in early adulthood after mean cessation of SIT for 9.3 +/- 2.76 years. The results were compared to those of a control group of asthmatic patients (n = 42) with comparable asthma features, who were treated with appropriate antiasthmatic drugs during childhood, but who never received SIT. Re-evaluation was carried out with a standardized questionnaire, skin prick tests (SPT), and lung-function assessments. At the time of re-evaluation, the mean age in the SIT-treated group was 23.1 +/- 3.50 years; in the control group, it was 22.7 +/- 3.40 years. At re-evaluation, the risk of frequent asthmatic symptoms was three times higher in the control group than in the SIT-treated group (prevalence ratio: 3.43; P = 0.0006). The frequent use of antiasthmatic medication was also more pronounced in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.38). Lung-function parameters and results of SPT with HDM were comparable in both groups. It is concluded that SIT has long-term effects on asthmatic symptoms in young adults.
Protective immunity evoked by oral administration of attenuated aroA Salmonella typhimurium expressing cloned streptococcal M protein.
Authors: T P Poirier, M A Kehoe, E H Beachey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Attenuated strains of Salmonella have been used effectively as vaccines against typhoid fever. We have investigated the use of such strains to deliver cloned antiphagocytic virulence determinants of unrelated bacteria. The aroA strain of S. typhimurium SL3261 was transformed with a low-copy plasmid vector pMK207, which contains the cloned gene spm5 encoding streptococcal M protein, the major virulence factor of these organisms. The transformed SL3261 expressed type 5 M protein in the cytoplasmic fraction, and when fed orally to BALB/c mice, evoked both serum and salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies directed against type 5 M protein. The orally immunized mice were completely protected against both intranasal and intraperitoneal challenge infections with virulent S. typhimurium SL1344 or M5 streptococci. These studies provide evidence that an attenuated strain of Salmonella can be used effectively as a general vaccine vehicle to deliver antiphagocytic virulence determinants of unrelated bacteria.
Leukocyte Count, Smoking, and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Julia B. Zalokar, Jacques L. Richard, Jean R. Claude
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE original report by Friedman and his co-workers1 that the leukocyte count is a predictor of myocardial infarction independent of established risk factors did not carefully control for the one risk factor that is closely associated with the leukocyte count: cigarette smoking.2 , 3 Since this article appeared in 1974, no further study of the subject has been published.The Paris Prospective Study, which has followed over 7000 male employees of a branch of the Paris city government for an average of 6.5 years after an initial examination, includes among its various goals the study in depth of the relation between smoking . . .
TRAF2 Deficiency Results in Hyperactivity of Certain TNFR1 Signals and Impairment of CD40-Mediated Responses
Authors: Linh T Nguyen, Gordon S Duncan, Christine Mirtsos, Michelle Ng, Daniel E Speiser, Arda Shahinian, Michael W Marino, Tak W Mak, Pamela S Ohashi, Wen-Chen Yeh
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Morphologic and Functional Changes in Retinal Vessels Associated with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Yuki Muraoka, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Tomoaki Murakami, Ken Ogino, Kyoko Kumagai, Kazuaki Miyamoto, Akihito Uji, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
68 SEROCLEARANCE OF HBVDNA IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PREDICTOR FOR THE REDUCED RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A TIME-DEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM SERIALLY MEASURED BIOMARKERS
Authors: J. Liu, H.-I. Yang, M.-H. Lee, S.-N. Lu, C.-L. Jen, L.-Y. Wang, S.-L. You, U.H. Iloeje, K.C. Hsiao, C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prognostic Factors for Relapse in Stage I Seminoma Managed by Surveillance: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Padraig Warde, Lena Specht, Alan Horwich, Tim Oliver, Tony Panzarella, Mary Gospodarowicz, Hans von der Maase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Several management options are available to patients with stage I seminoma, including adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a pooled analysis of patients from the four largest surveillance studies to better delineate prognostic factors associated with disease progression.Individual patient data were obtained from each center (Princess Margaret Hospital, Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group, Royal Marsden Hospital, and Royal London Hospital) for 638 patients. Tumor characteristics (size, histologic subtype, invasion of rete testis, and tumor invasion into small vessels [SVI]) as well as age at diagnosis were analyzed for prognostic importance for relapse.With a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range, 0.02 to 17.5 years), 121 relapses were observed for an actuarial 5-year relapse-free rate (RFR) of 82.3%. On univariate analysis, tumor size (RFR: <or= 4 cm, 87%; > 4 cm, 76%; P =.003), rete testis invasion (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P =.003), and the presence of SVI (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P =.038) were predictive of relapse. On multivariate analysis, tumor size (<or= 4 cm v > 4 cm, hazard ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) and invasion of the rete testis (hazard ratio 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) remained as important predictors for relapse.We have identified size of primary tumor and rete testis invasion as important prognostic factors for relapse in patients with stage I seminoma managed with surveillance. This information will allow patients and clinicians to choose management based on a more accurate assessment of an individual patient's risk of relapse. In addition, it will allow clinicians to tailor follow-up protocols based on risk of occult disease.
VISUALIZATION OF THE VASCULAR EFFECTS OF THE EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING BIORESORBABLE VASCULAR SCAFFOLD WITH IN VIVO OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND HISTOLOGY TWO YEARS AFTER IMPLANTATION IN PORCINE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Bill D. Gogas, Maria Radu, Yoshinobu Onuma, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Josep Gomez-Lara, Roberto Diletti, Laura Perkins, Richard Rapoza, Patrick W. Serruys, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)