tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contact sensitization to common haptens is associated with atopic dermatitis: new insight
Authors: J.P. Thyssen, A. Linneberg, K. Engkilde, T. Menné, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

It has been much debated whether atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with contact sensitization as past findings have been conflicting. A positive association might change our clinical practice.To investigate the association between AD and contact sensitization taking the likely route of allergen exposure into account.Questionnaire and clinical data from a cross-sectional study performed in a general population in Copenhagen. In total, 3202 adults aged 18-69 years were patch tested, filaggrin genotyped for 2282del4 and R501X and questioned about AD.The variable 'contact sensitization to at least one allergen, but not nickel and thimerosal' was significantly associated with AD (odds ratio 2·53, 95% confidence interval 1·59-4·04). The higher prevalence of contact sensitization was driven mainly by fragrance chemicals. In a subanalysis in nonpierced women, a positive association was also found for nickel sensitization. Nickel and thimerosal sensitization may introduce bias in data analysis as these allergies often develop following skin piercing where the skin compartments are bypassed.We suspect that individuals with self-reported AD from this study mainly had mild disease. However, clinicians should be aware of increased levels of contact sensitization in individuals with AD. Patch testing should therefore be considered at an early point in individuals with a history of AD and active disease. The fundamental relationship between atopic disease and environmental chemical exposure may be of a more complex and intimate nature than previously supposed.
Usefulness of respiratory impedance by measuring with breathe holding
Authors: Toshiyuki Ogasa, Kazushi Dohshita, Shinobu Osanai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background

The Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) can detect impairments of lung function by measuring the impedance of respiratory system during normal tidal breathing. But the magnitude of impedance, which was represented by respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs), was changed depending on both the lung volume and the respiratory cycle.

Objective

We assessed the clinical meaning of the respiratory impedance components measured during breathe holding.

Methods

We recruited 9 healthy male volunteers (age 22-55 years). We measured Rrs and Xrs from 5 Hz to 20 Hz of oscillatory frequency by using a commercially available FOT device (MostGraph-01) during breathe holding for 10 seconds at the level of TLC and FRC. We also underwent standard pulmonary function tests.

Results

Seven of 9 had the tendency that Rrs was higher and Xrs was more negative at FRC compared to TLC. Resonant frequency (Fres) at FRC (Fres(F)) negatively correlated with FEV1% (r=-0.78; p=0.013) and percent predicted of Maximum Mid-expiratory Flow (%MMF) (r=-0.72; p=0.030). The difference of Rrs between 5 Hz and 20 Hz on FRC was inversely correlated with %MMF (r=-0.79; p=0.011). There were no relationships between the respiratory impedance components at TLC and measurements of pulmonary function tests.

Discussion

Our findings demonstrated that Fres(F), which was measured statically, had the correlation with FEV1% and %MMF, which would be represented dynamic phase of airway flow limitation. Fres(F), which was eliminated the effect of between elastic and internal forces, wasn't affected by the respiratory air-flow and the elastic forces between lung and chest wall. Thus Fres(F) would be a new index of respiratory function.
Incidence of persistent/late chronic anemia in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia responsive to imatinib
Authors: Roberto Latagliata, Paola Volpicelli, Massimo Breccia, Federico Vozella, Angela Romano, Chiara Montagna, Matteo Molica, Paola Finsinger, Ida Carmosino, Alessandra Serrao, Irene Zacheo, Michelina Santopietro, Adriano Salaroli, Giuliana Alimena
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) responsive to imatinib, it is still unknown whether the long-lasting treatment could induce the appearance of a persistent/late chronic anemia. To highlight this issue, we revised 128 patients with CML (M/F 64/64, median age at diagnosis 56.9 years, interquartile range 43.0-69.3) treated at our Institution with 1st line imatinib for at least 36 months and in stable complete cytogenetic response. At the 36th month of imatinib, a chronic anemia (Hb < 12 g/dl for > 6 months) was present in 38/128 patients (29.6%): the anemia was moderate (Hb > 8 ≤ 10 g/dl) in 12 patients (9.3%) and mild (Hb > 10 < 12 g/dl) in 26 patients (20.3%). All patients with persistent/late chronic anemia had a low reticulocyte count and 8/38 a condition of iron deficiency without clinical and instrumental signs of chronic blood loss. Four out of 38 patients (10.5%) needed red cell transfusions during the follow-up. At a landmark analysis from the 36th month of imatinib treatment, cumulative 4-year overall survival (OS) for patients with chronic anemia was 94.4% (CI 95% 83.8-100) compared to 93.5% (CI 95% 87.2-99.8) for patients without chronic anemia (P = 0.617). In conclusion, the occurrence of a late chronic anemia during long-lasting treatment with imatinib has been observed in about 30% of our responsive patients: its occurrence does not seem to affect OS, but its real impact should be evaluated on a larger cohort of patients.
Pediatric photoscreening for strabismus and refractive errors in a high-risk population
Authors: Brad D. Simons, R.Michael Siatkowski, Joyce C. Schiffman, Barbara E. Berry, John T. Flynn
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)

To determine the accuracy of the MTI Photoscreener in detecting strabismus and refractive errors in children.One hundred children underwent MTI photoscreening followed by complete ophthalmologic examination. Six observers graded the photographs for strabismus, according to the location of the corneal light reflexes, and for refractive error, according to the size and location of the light crescent.The sensitivity of the MTI Photoscreener in detecting any amblyogenic factor was 80% to 91%, with a specificity of 20% to 67%. The sensitivity and specificity for particular amblyogenic factors varied widely among observers. The ranges were as follows: strabismus, sensitivity = 23% to 50%, specificity = 76% to 96%; myopia, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 48% to 76%; hyperopia, sensitivity = 20% to 80%, specificity = 88% to 96%; and astigmatism, sensitivity = 46% to 77%, specificity = 79% to 89%.These results suggest caution in relying on photoscreening to detect strabismus and refractive errors in children.
Abstract 13138: In vivo Efficacy of PRD017, a New Pyripyropene a Derivative and Highly Potent SOAT2-Selective Inhibitor, in Apolipoprotein E KO Mice
Authors: Taichi Ohshiro, Masaki Ohtawa, Daisuke Matsuda, Tohru Nagamitsu, Hiroaki Yagyu, Jun-ichi Osuga, Lawrence L Rudel, Shun Ishibashi, Hiroshi Tomoda
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective:  Fungal pyripyropene A (PPPA), the first known selective inhibitor of sterol  O -acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2, also known as acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2), proved orally active in atherogenic mouse models. The purpose of the present study was to identify PPPA derivatives that are more effective  in vivo  in an atherogenic mouse model.   Methods:  Over 250 PPPA derivatives having diverse moieties ( O -alkyl etc) at C-1, C-7 and C-11, which are involved in inhibitory activity against SOAT2, were prepared from PPPA. SOAT1 and SOAT2 activities were evaluated in cell-based assays using SOAT1- or SOAT2-expressing CHO cells.  In vivo  anti-atherosclerotic activity of PPPA derivatives was tested in apolipoprotein E knockout ( Apoe  -/- ) mice fed a Western-type diet (0.2% cholesterol and 21% fat) for 12 weeks.   Results:  Among PPPA derivatives, PRD017 having 1- O -acetyl, 7- O - p -cyanobenzoyl and 11- O -acetyl moieties was found to show more potent SOAT2 inhibition (IC 50 : 0.90 nM) and higher selectivity toward SOAT2 (selectivity index (SI): 4,600) than PPPA (IC 50 : 70 nM and SI: about 1,000). Treatment of  Apoe  -/-  mice with PPPA at 1 and 10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks resulted in little difference of total plasma cholesterol (TPC) levels, while  Apoe  -/-  mice treated with PRD017 at 1 and 10 mg/kg/day significantly lowered TPC levels by 38±4.4% and 47±4.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the cholesterol content in the livers of PRD017-treated mice was lowered. The reduction of TPC levels and hepatic cholesterol content was mainly attributed to the lowered cholesterol levels in chylomicron, VLDL and LDL, indicating that hepatic and/or intestinal SOAT2 activity was inhibited by PRD017. Furthermore, the atherosclerotic lesion areas in the aortae and the hearts of PRD017-treated mice were dose-dependently reduced. No toxic effects on the liver and kidney in treated mice were observed during the experiments.   Conclusion:  We demonstrate that PRD017 has more potent and selective inhibitory activity against SOAT2  in vitro  and more efficient atheroprotective activity than PPPA  in vivo . As selective SOAT2 inhibitors, PPPA and its derivatives provide promising leads for the development of a new type of anti-atherosclerotic agents.
Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow–derived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function
Authors: A.A. Kocher, M.D. Schuster, M.J. Szabolcs, S. Takuma, D. Burkhoff, J. Wang, S. Homma, N.M. Edwards, S. Itescu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
Clinical Study of Senna Administration to Nursing Mothers: Assessment of Effects on Infant Bowel Habits
Authors: W F BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Fifty nursing mothers were given regular doses of a senna compound (Senokot Granules) and 50 received mineral oil or magnesia (Magnolax) to determine whether senna was an effective laxative and whether senna affected the bowel habits of infants of nursing mothers. Senna laxative was effective in 49 of 50 mothers. Infant bowel habits were not affected by senna administration to nursing mothers. The evidence suggests that the active principles of senna if they are transmitted in breast milk have no effect on the evacuation patterns of nursed infants.
Deadlier Bird Flu?
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: I.S. Kourbeti, A.F. Vakis, J.A. Papadakis, D.A. Karabetsos, G. Bertsias, M. Filippou, A. Ioannou, C. Neophytou, M. Anastasaki, G. Samonis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
The roots of the concept of mental health
Authors: JOSÉ BERTOLOTE
Journal: World Psychiatry (2008)

This paper reviews the origins of the current concept of mental health, starting from the mental hygiene movement, initiated in 1908 by consumers of psychiatric services and professionals interested in improving the conditions and the quality of treatment of people with mental disorders. The paper argues that, more than a scientific discipline, mental health is a political and ideological movement involving diverse segments of society, interested in the promotion of the human rights of people with mental disorders and the quality of their treatment.
Contradictions in Highly Cited Clinical Research
Authors: Peter Westfall, S Stanley Young
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14964: Sudden Cardiac Death in Current vs. Former Smokers
Authors: Kyndaron Reinier, Carmen Teodorescu, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet S Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its role in sudden cardiac death (SCD) specifically has not been as well investigated. We sought to describe smoking prevalence among cases that suffered SCD in the general population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that smoking prevalence would be high among SCD cases. Methods: Cases of SCD from an ongoing multiple-source community-based study of SCD in the northwest US (pop. approx. 1 million) were included if they were age ≥18 with smoking history available from medical records. We describe the prevalence of smoking in the SCD population, as well as characteristics of smokers vs. non-smokers. Results: From 2002 -2012, 1833 (76%) of 2402 SCD cases had pre-SCD medical records available, and smoking history was available for 1241 (68%) of these. While 2007-8 community data (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study) indicated that 16% of Oregonian adults were current smokers, among the SCD cases, 40% were current smokers, 31% former smokers, and 29% non-smokers. Men were more likely than women to be current smokers (42% vs. 37%) or former smokers (35% vs. 23%); 40% of women and 24% of men were non-smokers (p&lt;0.0001). Among SCD cases, current smokers were significantly younger at the time of their SCD (57.8 ± 13.2 yrs) than former smokers (70.0 ± 12.9 yrs) or non-smokers (66.6 ± 17.9 yrs; p&lt;0.0001), despite a similar number of years smoked among the current and former smokers (33 vs 29 years, p=0.22). Former smokers were more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction and documented CAD than current smokers (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: In this community-based study of SCD, current and former smoking was a common finding; current smokers suffered SCD at a younger age than former smokers, despite less documented CAD and MI at the time of their arrest.
Dermal inorganic gadolinium concentrations: evidence for in vivo transmetallation and long-term persistence in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Authors: J.L. Abraham, C. Thakral, L. Skov, K. Rossen, P. Marckmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Gadolinium (Gd)-based magnetic resonance contrast agents (GBMCA), including gadodiamide, have been identified as the probable causative agents of the serious disease, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).To investigate retained Gd-containing deposits in skin biopsies from patients with NSF and to determine their relative concentrations over time from administration of GBMCA.An investigator-blinded retrospective study, analysing 43 skin biopsies from 20 patients with gadodiamide-related NSF and one NSF-negative gadodiamide-exposed dialysis patient, ranging from 16 days to 1991 days after Gd contrast dose. Utilizing automated quantitative scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy we determined the concentration of Gd and associated elements present as insoluble deposits in situ in the tissues.We detected Gd in skin lesions of all 20 patients with NSF, whereas Gd was undetectable in the NSF-negative patient. Gd concentration increased over time in 60% of patients with multiple sequential biopsies (n=10), decreasing only when the initial sampling time was >23 months after first gadodiamide dose. All Gd-containing deposits contained phosphorus, calcium and sodium. The ratio of Gd to calcium in tissue deposits correlated positively with the gadodiamide dose and with serum ionized calcium at the time of Gd exposure.These findings demonstrate the in vivo release (through transmetallation) of the toxic free Gd3+ from gadodiamide, and its retention in apatite-like deposits. We suggest that Gd may be mobilized over time from bone stores, explaining variably delayed onset of NSF and increasing skin concentration over time in patients with NSF.
Pregnancy complications predict thrombotic events in young women with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Bertozzi, Elisa Rumi, Chiara Elena, Guido Finazzi, Nicola Vianelli, Nicola Polverelli, Marco Ruggeri, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Elisabetta Antonioli, Federico Lussana, Alessia Tieghi, Alessandra Iurlo, Elena Elli, Marco Ruella, Fabrizio Fabris, Mario Cazzola, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Although Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) occur typically in middle to advanced age, any age group may be affected, posing a challenge for their management during pregnancy when they occur in young females. There is a high incidence of thromboembolic events and pregnancy complications in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, and a possible relationship between these complications is a matter of concern. The aim of this article was to correlate thrombosis and pregnancy outcome in 158 females with ET experiencing 237 pregnancies. Seven patients had a thrombotic event before their first pregnancy, one of them ended (14.3%) in a miscarriage. Among the 151 patients with no history of thrombosis before they became pregnant, 40 (26.5%) had a miscarriage (P = NS). Eighteen patients (11.4%) developed major thrombotic complications (12 splanchnic vein, 1 cerebral vein, 2 coronary syndromes, and 3 strokes) after at least one pregnancy (4 uneventful and 14 complicated). The occurrence of thrombosis was significantly more frequent (P < 0.001) in patients with a history of pregnancy complications (28%) than in those experiencing a normal pregnancy and delivery (3.7%). Pregnancy complications in women with ET are associated with a higher risk of subsequent thromboses, so pregnant women with this neoplasm who miscarry need to be carefully monitored.
Clearance of hepatitis C infection is associated with the early appearance of broad neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: William O. Osburn, Anna E. Snider, Brittany L. Wells, Rachel Latanich, Justin R. Bailey, David L. Thomas, Andrea L. Cox, Stuart C. Ray
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The contribution of humoral immune responses to spontaneous control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear. We assessed neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses during acute HCV infection to determine whether infection outcome is associated with the nAb response, specifically, its timing or breadth (neutralization of multiple genotype-matched variants). A representative genotype 1 HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) library, consisting of 19 genetically distinct genotype 1 HCVpp that comprise the natural variability of genotype 1 E1E2 sequences, was used to assess anti-genotype 1 nAb responses during acute infection in at-risk persons followed prospectively. Neutralization of individual library HCVpp by the last viremic plasma sample obtained before clearance was compared to either 1-year post-initial viremia or clearance time-matched specimens obtained from subjects developing persistent infection. In persistently infected persons nAb responses were delayed then progressively broadened, whereas in persons who controlled viremia broader responses were detected early and contracted after clearance of viremia. Surprisingly, the breadth of anti-genotype 1 nAb responses was not dependent on subjects' infection genotype. Also, individual library HCVpp neutralization sensitivity was not associated with any known E2 sequence determinants. Interestingly, two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA-DQ locus were associated with nAb breadth. Conclusion : Control of HCV infection is associated with more rapid development of a broad nAb response, independent of the infection viral genotype, providing further evidence for the role of nAb in controlling HCV infection and the potential benefit of generating broad anti-HCV nAb responses by vaccination. (Hepatology 2014;59:2140–2151)
Sickle Cell Gene Therapy
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal