tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ir-CPI, a coagulation contact phase inhibitor from the tick <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, inhibits thrombus formation without impairing hemostasis
Authors: Yves Decrem, Géraldine Rath, Virginie Blasioli, Philippe Cauchie, Séverine Robert, Jérôme Beaufays, Jean-Marie Frère, Olivier Feron, Jean-Michel Dogné, Chantal Dessy, Luc Vanhamme, Edmond Godfroid
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Blood coagulation starts immediately after damage to the vascular endothelium. This system is essential for minimizing blood loss from an injured blood vessel but also contributes to vascular thrombosis. Although it has long been thought that the intrinsic coagulation pathway is not important for clotting in vivo, recent data obtained with genetically altered mice indicate that contact phase proteins seem to be essential for thrombus formation. We show that recombinant Ixodes ricinus contact phase inhibitor (Ir-CPI), a Kunitz-type protein expressed by the salivary glands of the tick Ixodes ricinus, specifically interacts with activated human contact phase factors (FXIIa, FXIa, and kallikrein) and prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in vitro. The effects of Ir-CPI were also examined in vivo using both venous and arterial thrombosis models. Intravenous administration of Ir-CPI in rats and mice caused a dose-dependent reduction in venous thrombus formation and revealed a defect in the formation of arterial occlusive thrombi. Moreover, mice injected with Ir-CPI are protected against collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Remarkably, the effective antithrombotic dose of Ir-CPI did not promote bleeding or impair blood coagulation parameters. To conclude, our results show that a contact phase inhibitor is an effective and safe antithrombotic agent in vivo.
Mortality and Vascular Morbidity in Older Adults With Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Curt Diehm, Jens Rainer Allenberg, David Pittrow, Matthias Mahn, Gerhart Tepohl, Roman L. Haberl, Harald Darius, Ina Burghaus, Hans Joachim Trampisch
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Our aim was to assess the mortality and vascular morbidity risk of elderly individuals with asymptomatic versus symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the primary care setting. Methods and Results— This prospective cohort study included 6880 representative unselected patients ≥65 years of age with monitored follow-up over 5 years. According to physician diagnosis, 5392 patients had no PAD, 836 had asymptomatic PAD (ankle brachial index &lt;0.9 without symptoms), and 593 had symptomatic PAD (lower-extremity peripheral revascularization, amputation as a result of PAD, or intermittent claudication symptoms regardless of ankle brachial index). The risk of symptomatic compared with asymptomatic PAD patients was significantly increased for the composite of all-cause death or severe vascular event (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, carotid revascularization, or lower-extremity peripheral vascular events; hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.80) but not for all-cause death alone (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.43), all-cause death/myocardial infarction/stroke (excluding lower-extremity peripheral vascular events and any revascularizations; hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.52), cardiovascular events alone (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.60), or cerebrovascular events alone (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 2.20). Lower ankle brachial index categories were associated with increased risk. PAD was a strong factor for the prediction of the composite end point in an adjusted model. Conclusions— Asymptomatic PAD diagnosed through routine screening in the offices of primary care physicians carries a high mortality and/or vascular event risk. Notably, the risk of mortality was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with PAD and was significantly higher than in those without PAD. In the primary care setting, the diagnosis of PAD has important prognostic value.
Chronic Conditions, Functional Limitations, and Special Health Care Needs of School-aged Children Born With Extremely Low-Birth-Weight in the 1990s
Authors: Maureen Hack, H. Gerry Taylor, Dennis Drotar, Mark Schluchter, Lydia Cartar, Laura Andreias, Deanne Wilson-Costello, Nancy Klein
Journal: JAMA (2005)

CARE2][3][4] However, there is little information on how these children function at school age when neurological, cognitive, and health status has to a large extent stabilized.With the exception of an abstract from Sweden, 5 current information on the school-age outcomes of ELBW children is restricted to neurobehavioral and developmental disability. 6,7nformation on the overall functioning and special health care needs of recent surviving ELBW children is needed to plan for the medical and educational services that they will require at school age.We therefore sought to undertake a comprehensive examination of health outcomes at age 8 years in a cohort of ELBW infants born 1992 through 1995.
Diffuse F-18 FDG Uptake in Chronic Thyroiditis
Authors: SEIEI YASUDA, AKIRA SHOHTSU, MICHIRU IDE, SHIGEHARU TAKAGI, YASUHIRO SUZUKI, TOMOO TAJIMA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 52-year-old woman underwent whole-body F-18 FDG PET imaging for cancer screening. Diffuse F-18 FDG uptake was seen in the thyroid gland. A nodule with elevated F18 FDG uptake was seen protruding posteriorly in the right thyroid lobe. Ultrasonography also showed a thyroid nodule. Surgery was performed and histologically, the nodule was composed of atrophic thyroid tissue, fibrous stroma, and lymphoid cell infiltration; it was consistent with chronic thyroiditis. The patient had high antimicrosomal antibody titers. Thus, chronic thyroiditis may be found incidentally during FDG PET studies.
Acute Appendicitis Secondary to Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer Incidentally Found on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hye Lim Park, Ie Ryung Yoo, Eun Kyoung Choi, Jin Kyoung Oh, Eun Ji Han, Woo Hee Choi, Joon Seon Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with brain, left adrenal gland, and pancreas metastases. On evaluation of treatment response after chemotherapy and radiation therapy, F-18 FDG PET/CT showed focal FDG uptake in the periappendiceal area with thickened appendiceal wall and inflammatory change. Laparoscopic appendectomy was done, and the findings were consistent with acute suppurative appendicitis with involvement of 2 small masses on the appendiceal body and tip. Histopathologic findings confirmed metastatic small cell carcinoma, involving submucosa, proper muscle, and periappendiceal fat. This is a case of appendiceal metastasis from small cell lung cancer detected on F-18 FDG PET/CT.
Physiologic Pressure Differences between Main and Branch Pulmonary Arteries in Infants
Authors: DELORES A. DANILOWICZ, ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH, JULIEN I. E. HOFFMAN, MICHAEL HEYMANN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Systolic pressure differences of 6 to 45 mm Hg were found between the main and branch pulmonary arteries in 37 of 242 infants undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Eleven of these 37 infants were restudied, and all had lost the pressure difference regardless of the underlying cardiac defect. A similar pressure difference was noted in lambs studied at thoracotomy with direct measurement of main and branch pulmonary arterial pressures. Increasing pulmonary blood flow caused a rise in pressure differences and also evoked a difference in some older lambs when none was originally present. Cineangiography in infants with a pressure difference showed no discrete narrowing or poststenotic dilatation of the pulmonary arteries. The main pulmonary artery was a large domed structure from which relatively small right and left branches arose at sharp angles from the inferior and posterior surfaces. The size, disparity, and angulation probably caused turbulence with, at times, a loss of pressure. Systolic flow murmurs may be common. In assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance, it is therefore important to recognize that a portion of the total pressure drop across the lungs after birth reflects maturational changes of the larger pulmonary arteries as well as of the muscular arterioles.
Allergies to Transgenic Foods — Questions of Policy
Authors: Marion Nestle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Food biotechnology, the use of recombinant-DNA and cell-fusion techniques to confer selected characteristics on plants and animals used for food,1 can be used to increase agricultural productivity. The great promise of biotechnology is that the use of these techniques will help solve world food problems by creating a more abundant, more nutritious, and less expensive food supply. Despite this promise, public concern about the safety, usefulness, and social consequences of genetically engineered food products has led to boycotts, legislative bans, and demands for stronger federal regulation.2 Such actions have caused leaders of the biotechnology industry to identify public “biotechnophobia” as . . .
Psychogenic Micropsia in Fact and Fiction
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Only organic causes of micropsia are mentioned in Newell's 1 textbook on ophthalmology. Merritt's 2 book on neurology makes no mention of micropsia. I have discussed the psychopathology of psychogenic micropsia in several articles dealing with a few cases. 3-5 The essential features involve its reflection of a sense of separation from people and environment with a concurrent need to maintain control in an effort to deal with anxiety, a sense of weakness, and insecurity that may be transitory or a general feature of personality functioning. 3-5   Recently I encountered descriptions of micropsia in fiction. Micropsia was mentioned as an actual altered visual perception or as an equivalent mental image denoting an awareness of such an occurrence. The basic aspect is seeing objects or people, small and off in the distance, often described also by patients as if one were looking through the wrong end of a
Human Neutrophil Elastase Augments Fibroblast-Mediated Contraction of Released Collagen Gels
Authors: C. MAGNUS SKÖLD, XIANGDE LIU, TAKESHI UMINO, YUNKUI ZHU, YOSHIHIRO OHKUNI, DEBRA J. ROMBERGER, JOHN R. SPURZEM, ARTHUR J. HEIRES, STEPHEN I. RENNARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophil elastase (NE) might mediate remodeling of extracellular matrix by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels. Human lung fibroblasts were cast into type I collagen gels containing NE. After gelation, the gels were released into medium and the area was measured by image analyzer. NE augmented gel contraction (p < 0.001). This was not due to cell proliferation or to degradation to soluble collagen fragments because the amounts of DNA and hydroxyproline were not altered. α1-Protease inhibitor and the synthetic inhibitor of NE, L-680,833, when added in sufficient amount to inhibit free elastase activity, blocked the contraction induced by NE. Furthermore, neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) in coculture, as well as conditioned media from PMN, resulted in an increased contractility (p < 0.001 for both). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with increased PMN in their lower respiratory tract and free elastase activity had augmentive activity for gel contraction which could be partially blocked by the inhibitors. We conclude that NE augments fibroblast-mediated contraction of collagen gels. The findings support the notion that products secreted by PMN in inflammatory disorders may lead to rearrangement of extracellular matrix and could subsequently lead to tissue dysfunction.
Shear Stress Regulates Endothelial Microparticle Release
Authors: Anne-Clémence Vion, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Xavier Loyer, Gilles Chironi, Cecile Devue, Gervaise Loirand, Alain Tedgui, Stéphanie Lehoux, Chantal M. Boulanger
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Endothelial activation and apoptosis release membrane-shed microparticles (EMP) that emerge as important biological effectors.Because laminar shear stress (SS) is a major physiological regulator of endothelial survival, we tested the hypothesis that SS regulates EMP release.EMP levels were quantified by flow cytometry in medium of endothelial cells subjected to low or high SS (2 and 20 dyne/cm(2)). EMP levels augmented with time in low SS conditions compared with high SS conditions. This effect was sensitive to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Rho kinases inhibitors but unaffected by caspase inhibitors. Low SS-stimulated EMP release was associated with increased endothelial Rho kinases and ERK1/2 activities and cytoskeletal reorganization. Overexpression of constitutively active RhoA stimulated EMP release under high SS. We also examined the effect of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating SS effects. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not D-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, increased high SS-induced EMP levels by 3-fold, whereas the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) decreased it. L-NAME and SNAP did not affect Rho kinases and ERK1/2 activities. Then, we investigated NO effect on membrane remodeling because microparticle release is abolished in ABCA1-deficient cells. ABCA1 expression, which was greater under low SS than under high SS, was augmented by L-NAME under high SS and decreased by SNAP under low SS conditions.Altogether, these results demonstrate that sustained atheroprone low SS stimulates EMP release through activation of Rho kinases and ERK1/2 pathways, whereas atheroprotective high SS limits EMP release in a NO-dependent regulation of ABCA1 expression and of cytoskeletal reorganization. These findings, therefore, identify endothelial SS as a physiological regulator of microparticle release.
The 5-Year Experience of Modified Fat Diets on Younger Men with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: MARVIN L. BIERENBAUM, ALAN I. FLEISCHMAN, DONALD P. GREEN, ROBERT I. RAICHELSON, THOMAS HAYTON, PORTIA B. WATSON, ANNE B. CALDWELL
Journal: Circulation (1970)

This is a study of 100 men, 30 to 50 years old, with documented coronary artery disease and past myocardial infarction who were placed under dietary management with a 28% fat diet. One hundred men whose diets were not managed were matched with regard to age at entry to the study, age at infarction, number of infarctions, blood pressure level, degree of angina, and serum cholesterol level among other factors. Over a period of 5 years the diet-managed group experienced and maintained a significant reduction in serum cholesterol level which the nondiet-managed group did not. Under the diet and experimental conditions employed, with saturated fat content below 9% of calories, and cholesterol intake below 400 mg per day, the degree of unsaturation of the fats in the experimental diets did not appear to influence serum cholesterol value or mortality. The serum triglyceride level was significantly lower in the diet-managed group than in the nondiet-managed group; this was presumably related to weight reduction. In the group under dietary management, fatal and nonfatal myocardial reinfarction rates were lower but were statistically significantly so only for the fatal infarction rates in men under age 45. Serum phospholipids above 220 mg/100 ml were associated with a significantly lower rate of recurrent infarction.
Percutaneous Closure of a Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Pseudoaneurysm Causing Extrinsic Left Coronary Artery Compression by Transseptal Approach
Authors: R. Romaguera, M.C. Slack, R. Waksman, I. Ben-Dor, L.F. Satler, K.M. Kent, S. Goldstein, Z. Wang, P. Corso, N. Bernardo, W.O. Suddath, A.D. Pichard
Journal: Circulation (2010)
The use of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in RGD modified alginate microspheres in the repair of myocardial infarction in the rat
Authors: Jiashing Yu, Kim T. Du, Qizhi Fang, Yiping Gu, Shirley S. Mihardja, Richard E. Sievers, Joseph C. Wu, Randall J. Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF EPIPHORA AND AFFECTIONS OF THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is the purpose of this paper to urge the importance and value of conservatism in the treatment of lachrymal obstruction. The ophthalmic surgeon meets with no more numerous, annoying or persistent class of affections than those involving the lachrymal apparatus, especially that part constituting the drainage system. Pathologic processes affecting any portion of this delicate apparatus lead to a partial or complete closure of its lumen and thus obstruct the flow of tears from the eye into the nose. The symptoms of lachrymal retention and the secondary consequences are too well known to require any extensive recital. It should however be borne in mind that the ocular affections which often precede or cause the disease of the lachrymal passages, become chronic and persist against all measures of treatment by virtue of the evil results of the retained tears, thus constituting a vicious circle, to be broken only by the
Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake of Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Positron Emission Tomography: New Contrary Data on Prognostic Role
Authors: Hubert Vesselle, Joseph D. Freeman, Linda Wiens, Joshua Stern, Huang Q. Nguyen, Stephen E. Hawes, Philip Bastian, Alexander Salskov, Eric Vallières, Douglas E. Wood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: This prospective study evaluated the prognostic significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at positron emission tomography, in a carefully staged population, while correcting for partial volume effects. Experimental Design: Two hundred eight potentially resectable NSCLC patients were referred for FDG positron emission tomography staging after thoracic computed tomography. Each tumor stage was confirmed surgically, or for some stage IV tumors by additional imaging. The tumor maximum pixel-standardized uptake value (maxSUV) and the maxSUV partial volume corrected for lesion size (PVCmaxSUV) were compared with overall survival and disease-free survival using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Stage distribution: stage I, 36%; stage II, 15%; stage III, 30%; stage IV, 19%. Patients were followed for a median of 33.6 months, with 90 deaths from NSCLC (median survival for all stages, 43.3 months). With respect to overall survival, the most significant cutoff value for both maxSUV and PVCmaxSUV was 7. MaxSUV ≥7 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death from NSCLC in univariable analysis, whereas PVCmaxSUV ≥7 was only marginally associated. However, in multivariable analyses, neither maxSUV ≥7 nor PVCmaxSUV ≥7 provided significant additional prognostic information over stage, tumor size, and age. In the 103 patients who underwent surgical resection only, surgical stage, but not maxSUV or PVCmaxSUV, was univariably associated with survival or recurrence. SUV definitions based on lean body mass, body surface area, and plasma glucose correction yielded identical results. Conclusions: As expected, tumor stage is prognostic in NSCLC. However, tumor FDG uptake does not provide additional prognostic information. This prospective study contradicts prior reports.
No Decrease in the Rate of Early or Missed Colorectal Cancers After Colonoscopy With Polypectomy Over a 10-Year Period: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Hendrikus J M Pullens, Max Leenders, Marguerite E I Schipper, Martijn G H van Oijen, Peter D Siersema
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Treatment of bee venom allergic subjects with phospholipase A2 T Cell epitope peptides results in iincreased expression of mRNA encoding suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 3 and a transient increase in allergen-specific IgG/G4
Authors: M. Tarzi, S. Klunker, C. Texier, A. Verhoef, S.O. Stapel, C.A. Akdis, B. Maillère, A. Kay, M. Larché
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Gulstonian Lectures: On Diabetes and Saccharine Conditions of the Urine
Authors: A. B. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1857)

urethra abouit a pint of blood.This was repeated three or four times during the night, my assistant remaining with him.Decenmber 25th.He had slightly rallied.The treatment was continuied.December 26r)th.Hiccup conitinued; this was relieved by bits of ice.He still complained of pain in the groini.Gallic acid, with hydrargyrum cum creti, were given three timiies a day.December 27th.IHe continues very much the same.I ordered beef-tea and branidy to be continlued.The urine was albuminous.Decemiiber 28th.The bowels not having been opened, I ordered lalf an ounce of castor oil, an(d this to be repeated in three houirs.As he complained of a general pain all over tlle abdomeni, and tympanitis, a linseed poultice was applied, and in- crease-d loses of the hydrargyruimi cum creth with opiumn.The gallic acid wvas omiiitted.Ice was continiually giveni; this ie- lieved the hiccup anid v-omiting, w*hiclh had reappeared.By these means, the pain over the abdomen was relieved; and, without any other severe symptomiis, the wound gradually healed; and, oni the 14th of January, he was able to be re- moved to his ow-n home-a distance of nearly half a mile.I still continued to visit an(d watch the case daily.January 21st.I perceived, for the first time, a slight fuliiess over the wouinded part, at about the situation of the internal opening of the wounid; this gradually enlarged, without muich pain.I tlhought that, in all probability, it was a collection of pus, the deep parts not lhav-ingunited so soon as the external parts.No pain was complain-etd of, only the fulness; and, as Nature lbad doine so muheli for my patient, I thought that I would leave the abscess to her care also, unless urgent symp- toms should ariise.January 25th.On examining his urine unider the micro- scope, pus-globules were found, wvith exudation cells.I there- fore thoughnt that it would be advisable to openi the abscess, for fear of roischief by pressuie uiponthe kidney.January 26th.I made a valvular openling into the tumour, whichi had nowv reached the size of a sinall chlild's head.About a pirnt of iuinle immediately escaped, loaded with phosphate
The Use of Tetraethylammonium Chloride as a Vasodilator in Peripheral Vascular Disease; Its Effect on Sympathectomized Extremities
Authors: THEODORE B. MASSELL, WILLIAM E. ADOLPH, JAMES B. FRENCH
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The thermometric and plethysmographic response to Etamon administration was studied in 13 patients with peripheral vascular disease, comparing it with that of procaine injection into the sympathetic ganglia. The administration of Etamon caused an average temperature rise of 7 degrees F. and a pulse volume increase of 1.3 cu. mm. per 5 cc. of part. Procaine block resulted in a temperature rise of 13.5 degrees F. and a pulse volume increase of 5.5 cu. mm. Etamon was given to 11 vascular patients after sympathectomy and caused an average temperature rise of 0.5 degrees F. in the sympathectomized extremities, while the pulse volume actually decreased by an average of 0.7 cu. mm. per 5 cc. of part.
Leukocyte-Associated Viremia with Adenovirus Type 2 in an Infant with Lower-Respiratory-Tract Disease
Authors: Warren A. Andiman, Ronald I. Jacobson, Grace Tucker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Adenoviruses have been isolated from the eye,1 urine2 and feces,3 as well as from the throat and nasopharynx.4 Dissemination to multiple organs has been reported during the course of severe adenovirus type 7 pneumonia in infants5 , 6 and in naval recruits with rubelliform illness,7 the virus being isolated from acute-phase serum specimens. The present report provides evidence for a lymphocyte-associated viremia in the course of adenovirus type 2 lower-respiratory-tract disease.Case ReportA five-month-old black male infant was admitted to the hospital in September, 1975, with cough and difficulty in breathing. At two and four months of age he was hospitalized . . .