tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-131 First Year Results from a Virtual Iron Deficiency Anaemia Service at a District General Hospital
Authors: B M Shandro, R Basuroy, L Gamble, S Edwards, S Al-Shamma, S D McLaughlin
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has a prevalence of up to 5% in adult men and post-menopausal women, and is a common cause of referral to gastroenterologists. Important and common causes of IDA to exclude include coeliac disease (5%), gastric carcinoma (5%) and colonic carcinoma (5–10%). Despite this, IDA is not an indication for fast track referral at our institution. Recently the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) published guidelines for the investigation of IDA suggesting that all patients need oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), colonoscopy or computerised tomography (CT), urinalysis, and coeliac serology or duodenal biopsy. By establishing a virtual IDA clinic we aimed to ensure that our patients received these investigations within 4 weeks, without unnecessary follow up in a formal clinic. <h3>Methods</h3> All requests for investigation of IDA are vetted by a band 7 nurse, investigations arranged and the results followed up with consultant support. A prospective database is maintained, and we report our first year results. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence of cancer in this group to all fast track cases referred for endoscopy at our institution over the same period. <h3>Results</h3> 467 patients were referred with IDA: 189 male, mean age 71. 100% received an OGD and 96% received either a colonoscopy (81%) or CT (15%). Mean waiting times from initial referral were 24 days to OGD, 32 days to colonoscopy, and 52 days to CT. 54% had documented urinalysis results, but all patients’ GPs were sent a letter advising urinalysis. 98% were investigated for coeliac disease, with serology (2%), duodenal biopsy (57%), or both (39%). Carcinoma was diagnosed in 9.2% (1.5% upper gastrointestinal carcinoma (n = 7), 7% colonic carcinoma (n = 31), and 1% other malignancy (renal tract (n = 3), lung (n = 1), and pancreatic (n = 1))). Coeliac disease was diagnosed in 3%. A potential cause for IDA was found in 35% of patients. Notably, there was a higher prevalence of carcinoma in the IDA group (9.2%) than in the fast-track endoscopy group (6.6%), however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The virtual IDA service at this district general hospital meets the audit standards recommended by the BSG (&gt; 90% screened for coeliac disease and &gt; 90% receiving both upper and lower GI investigation). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of cancer in IDA patients compared to patients referred for fast-track endoscopy. In view of the high cancer detection rate we plan to investigate all IDA patients within 2 weeks, and recommend that other centres consider doing the same. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, Scott BB; British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Gut. 2011 Oct; 60:1309–16
Peter Francis Kennedy
Authors: G. Richardson, T. Rugg
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Peter Kennedy’s disarming modesty gave no clue to his international achievements, but his quiet attentiveness, enthusiasm, support, and thoughtfulness gave some idea of the qualities he had that led him to those achievements.

Peter Francis Kennedy was born in Bradford and met his future wife and lifelong companion, Sarrie, at primary school. He attended St Bede’s Grammar School in Bradford and entered medical school on an adolescent impulse. After house jobs, a junior doctor post at Naburn psychiatric hospital in York provided Peter with accommodation for his wife and young family, and Peter embarked on a psychiatric career, joining the Yorkshire psychiatric rotation and enlisting for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine in Leeds, where Professor Max Hamilton lectured with a pinch of snuff. In 1969, when Peter applied for a senior registrar post before it was “his turn,” he was unsuccessful. The Medical Research Council in Edinburgh was not so shortsighted, however, and Peter’s academic career began in earnest. Working with Norman Kreitman and Robert Kendall, Peter published extensively on the management of people who had attempted suicide and gained an international …
Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced early IL-4 production is dependent upon IL-5 and eosinophils.
Authors: E A Sabin, M A Kopf, E J Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The initial immune response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs presumably results in IL-4 production, as schistosome eggs are strong Th2-inducing antigens and the differentiation of antigen-specific Th2 cells is largely dependent on the presence of IL-4 during priming of naive Th cells. Consistent with this concept, intraperitoneal injection of mice with schistosome eggs results in an upregulation of IL-4 production by peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) within 12 h. Egg-induced IL-4 is rapidly bound by its receptor, suggesting that this cytokine is utilized by a cell type present at the site of antigen deposition or is complexed to soluble receptor. The peak of early IL-4 production is accompanied by a local eosinophilia and the apparent disappearance of mast cells. Studies utilizing either IL-4, IL-5, or mast cell-deficient mice indicate that the eosinophilia is dependent on mast cells and IL-5 and independent of IL-4. Strikingly, egg-induced IL-4 production is absent in animals lacking the early peritoneal eosinophilia. Immunocytochemical analysis of PEC following egg injection indicates that the eosinophils themselves make IL-4. These data strongly suggest that egg-induced IL-5 plays an essential role in recruiting eosinophils to the site of antigen deposition and that it is these eosinophils that then directly produce early IL-4.
A 6-Day-Old Male Infant With Linear Band of Skin-Colored Papules
Authors: Ernesto M. Gonzalez, Cynthia Carver DeKlotz, Lawrence F. Eichenfield
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
A Comparison of Suture Repair with Mesh Repair for Incisional Hernia
Authors: Roland W. Luijendijk, Wim C.J. Hop, M. Petrousjka van den Tol, Diederik C.D. de Lange, Marijel M.J. Braaksma, Jan N.M. IJzermans, Roelof U. Boelhouwer, Bas C. de Vries, Marc K.M. Salu, Jack C.J. Wereldsma, Cornelis M.A. Bruijninckx, Johannes Jeekel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Incisional hernia is an important complication of abdominal surgery. Procedures for the repair of these hernias with sutures and with mesh have been reported, but there is no consensus about which type of procedure is best.
Use of polyethylene glycol and phenol red as unabsorbed indicators for intestinal absorption studies in man.
Authors: H P Schedl
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS It should be emphasized as a result of this study that phenol red is an adequate marker for a proven technique in studying intestinal absorption.Oral feeding was not studied.Intestinal absorption may be defined operationally as the complete disappearance of a substance from the bowel lumen, and many recent studies are based on this definition (Lundh, 1958; Schanker, Tocco, Brodie, and Hogben, 1958; Borgstrbm, Dahlquist, and Lundh, 1962).In such studies a reference substance, which, it is assumed is not absorbed, is also needed for the experimental measurement of absorption.Polyethylene glycol (P.E.G.) and phenol red are the most frequently used indicators that have been investigated (Reynell and Spray, 1956;
Redback spider is now established in Japan: bites can be recognised by a unique sign
Authors: P. Horton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by an expanded pentanucleotide repeat in the <i>ATXN10</i> gene. This repeat expansion, when fully penetrant, has a size of 850 to 4500 repeats. It has been shown that the repeat composition can be a modifier of disease, e.g., seizures. Here, we describe a Hispanic kindred in which we identified both pure (ATTCT)<sub>n</sub> expansions and mixed (ATTCT)<sub>n</sub>-(ATTCC)<sub>n</sub> in the same family. We used No-Amp targeted sequencing and optical genome mapping to decipher the composition of these repeat expansions. We found a considerable degree of mosaicism in the repeat expansion. This mosaicism was confirmed in skin fibroblasts from <i>ATXN10</i> carriers with RNAScope in situ hybridization. All affected family members with the mixed <i>ATXN10</i> repeat expansion showed typical clinical signs of spinocerebellar ataxia and epilepsy. In contrast, individuals with the pure <i>ATXN10</i> expansion present with Parkinson’s disease or are unaffected even more than 20 years older than the average age at onset for SCA10. Our findings suggest that the pure (ATTCT)<sub>n</sub> expansion is non-pathogenic while repeat interruptions, e.g., (ATTCC)<sub>n</sub>, are necessary to cause SCA10. This mechanism has been recently described for several other repeat expansions, including SCA31 (<i>BEAN1</i>), SCA37 (<i>DAB1)</i>, and three loci for benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy BAFME (SAMD12, TNRC6A, RAPGEF2). Therefore, long-read sequencing and optical genome mapping of the entire genomic structure of repeat expansions is critical for clinical practice, and genetic counseling as variations in the repeat can affect disease penetrance, symptoms, and disease trajectory.
Clinical Gerontology Program
Authors: Jerome J. Kastrul
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  We have read the article entitled Functional Disabilities in the Hospitalized Elderly (1982;248:847) and the editorial comment (1982;248:874) in JAMA . We share the concern that hospitalization may have a negative impact on functional recovery.  St Luke's Hospital, Phoenix, is a short-term care, private, nonteaching hospital of 280 beds. A pilot project, the Clinical Gerontology Program was begun in January 1982, with a ten-bed unit for an intensive multidisciplinary team approach for the care of geriatric patients with multiple underlying problems that required short-term-care admission to the hospital. Staff was drawn from personnel within the hospital system who had expressed a special interest in geriatric medicine. A clinical nurse specialist was instrumental in the initiation, development, and supervision of the program.  Patients are admitted to the unit and treated by their own personal physician. Each patient is seen by all members of a multidisciplinary team for examination and
Tumor escape from immune recognition: lethal recurrent melanoma in a patient associated with downregulation of the peptide transporter protein TAP-1 and loss of expression of the immunodominant MART-1/Melan-A antigen.
Authors: M J Maeurer, S M Gollin, D Martin, W Swaney, J Bryant, C Castelli, P Robbins, G Parmiani, W J Storkus, M T Lotze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

In the last few years, mutiple protein target antigens for immunorecognition by T cells have been identified on human melanoma. How melanoma lesions escape from functional antigen-specific immune recognition remains poorly understood. We have identified the concomitant loss of the immunodominant T cell-defined MART-1/Melan-A antigen and downregulation of the TAP-1 gene in a recurrent metastatic melanoma that was resected in 1993. This phenotype was not observed for an earlier autologous melanoma lesion resected in 1987. The "antigen loss" could be restored in the variant tumor cell line by simultaneously providing both the MART-1/Melan-A gene (by retroviral transfer) and the TAP-1 gene (by a bioballistic approach) resulting in tumor cell sensitivity to MART-1/Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This suggests that tumor escape from immune surveillance may have occurred in vivo as a sequential result of (a) antigen loss, and (b) downregulation of the peptide-transporter protein TAP-1 expression by this patient's tumor over a 6-yr period from 1987 to 1993. These results suggest that the characterization of the T cell response to melanoma in individual patients and definition of the immunologically relevant genetic defects in tumors may be required to select the most effective therapeutic strategies for a given patient.
Extracellular Mg <sup>2+</sup> Inhibits Capacitative Ca <sup>2+</sup> Entry in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Mitsuisa Yoshimura, Tetsuya Oshima, Hideo Matsuura, Takafumi Ishida, Masayuki Kambe, Goro Kajiyama
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Agonist-induced Ca 2+ entry is thought to be mediated by capacitative Ca 2+ entry other than L-type Ca 2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The mechanism for capacitative Ca 2+ entry has not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to examine the effect of external Mg 2+ on capacitative Ca 2+ entry in cultured rat aortic VSMCs. Methods and Results Three doses of external Mg 2+ concentration (nominally 0, 1, and 5 mmol/L) were used. After exposure to 1 μmol/L angiotensin II (Ang II) in Ca 2+ -free medium, addition of Ca 2+ to the medium caused an increase in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ), indicating Ang II–induced Ca 2+ influx. This Ca 2+ influx was attenuated in cells preincubated with high external Mg 2+ concentrations or with 1 μmol/L nifedipine. After VSMCs in Ca 2+ -free medium were exposed to 1 μmol/L thapsigargin, which inhibits the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase and depletes Ca 2+ stores, addition of Ca 2+ to the medium induced an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , indicating capacitative Ca 2+ entry. This entry pathway was found to be independent of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca 2+ channels and inhibited by increased external Mg 2+ concentration. External Mg 2+ concentration did not influence Ca 2+ efflux across the plasma membrane after stimulation with Ang II plus thapsigargin. Conclusions Results suggest that in VSMCs, capacitative Ca 2+ entry is reduced by external Mg 2+ . This mechanism may explain in part the inhibitory effect of external Mg 2+ on Ca 2+ handling.
ORMDL3 variants associated with asthma susceptibility in North Americans of European ancestry
Authors: Patrick M.A. Sleiman, Kiran Annaiah, Marcin Imielinski, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Cecilia E. Kim, Edward C. Frackelton, Joseph T. Glessner, Andrew W. Eckert, F. George Otieno, Erin Santa, Kelly Thomas, Ryan M. Smith, Wendy Glaberson, Maria Garris, Sigfus Gunnlaugsson, Rosetta M. Chiavacci, Julian Allen, Jonathan Spergel, Robert Grundmeier, Michael M. Grunstein, Mark Magnusson, Hans Bisgaard, Struan F.A. Grant, Hakon Hakonarson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Investigation of the Mechanism of Chest Pain in Patients With Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries Using Transesophageal Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Julio A Panza, Joy M Laurienzo, Rodolfo V Curiel, Ellis F Unger, Arshed A Quyyumi, Vasken Dilsizian, Richard O Cannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
P2X<sub>7</sub>-Regulated Protection from Exacerbations and Loss of Control Is Independent of Asthma Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Loren C. Denlinger, David M. Manthei, Max A. Seibold, Kwangmi Ahn, Eugene Bleecker, Homer A. Boushey, William J. Calhoun, Mario Castro, Vernon M. Chinchili, John V. Fahy, Greg A. Hawkins, Nicolina Icitovic, Elliot Israel, Nizar N. Jarjour, Tonya King, Monica Kraft, Stephen C. Lazarus, Erik Lehman, Richard J. Martin, Deborah A. Meyers, Stephen P. Peters, Dagna Sheerar, Lei Shi, E. Rand Sutherland, Stanley J. Szefler, Michael E. Wechsler, Christine A. Sorkness, Robert F. Lemanske
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The function of the P2X(7) nucleotide receptor protects against exacerbation in people with mild-intermittent asthma during viral illnesses, but the impact of disease severity and maintenance therapy has not been studied.To evaluate the association between P2X(7), asthma exacerbations, and incomplete symptom control in a more diverse population.A matched P2RX7 genetic case-control was performed with samples from Asthma Clinical Research Network trial participants enrolled before July 2006, and P2X(7) pore activity was determined in whole blood samples as an ancillary study to two trials completed subsequently.A total of 187 exacerbations were studied in 742 subjects, and the change in asthma symptom burden was studied in an additional 110 subjects during a trial of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dose optimization. African American carriers of the minor G allele of the rs2230911 loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphism were more likely to have a history of prednisone use in the previous 12 months, with adjustment for ICS and long-acting β(2)-agonists use (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.2; P = 0.018). Despite medium-dose ICS, attenuated pore function predicted earlier exacerbations in incompletely controlled patients with moderate asthma (hazard ratio, 3.2; confidence interval, 1.1-9.3; P = 0.033). After establishing control with low-dose ICS in patients with mild asthma, those with attenuated pore function had more asthma symptoms, rescue albuterol use, and FEV(1) reversal (P < 0.001, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively) during the ICS adjustment phase.P2X(7) pore function protects against exacerbations of asthma and loss of control, independent of baseline severity and the maintenance therapy.
The mammalian respiratory system and critical windows of exposure for children's health.
Authors: K E Pinkerton, J P Joad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The respiratory system is a complex organ system composed of multiple cell types involved in a variety of functions. The development of the respiratory system occurs from embryogenesis to adult life, passing through several distinct stages of maturation and growth. We review embryonic, fetal, and postnatal phases of lung development. We also discuss branching morphogenesis and cellular differentiation of the respiratory system, as well as the postnatal development of xenobiotic metabolizing systems within the lungs. Exposure of the respiratory system to a wide range of chemicals and environmental toxicants during perinatal life has the potential to significantly affect the maturation, growth, and function of this organ system. Although the potential targets for exposure to toxic factors are currently not known, they are likely to affect critical molecular signals expressed during distinct stages of lung development. The effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during critical windows of perinatal growth are provided as an example leading to altered cellular and physiological function of the lungs. An understanding of critical windows of exposure of the respiratory system on children's health requires consideration that lung development is a multistep process and cannot be based on studies in adults.
Edinburgh university fined forlack of safety checks
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The University of Edinburgh was fined £3500 ($5600) last week after its medical school admitted failing to comply with regulations requiring safety checks on work with genetically modified organisms.

The prosecution, initiated by the Health and Safety Executive, was the first in the United Kingdom under 1992regulations covering the safe use of genetically modified organisms in …
Dopamine D3 Receptor Mutant Mice Exhibit Increased Behavioral Sensitivity to Concurrent Stimulation of D1 and D2 Receptors
Authors: Ming Xu, Timothy E Koeltzow, Giovanni Tirado Santiago, Rosario Moratalla, Donald C Cooper, Xiu-Ti Hu, Norman M White, Ann M Graybiel, Francis J White, Susumu Tonegawa
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Case of Death Subsequent to the Administration of Ether
Authors: R. Saundby
Journal: BMJ (1877)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.5I5success.A generous diet was also enjoined, with two or three glasses daily of Burgundy or Carlowitz.This lady is now in the ninth month of utero-gestation, and is daily sensible of the vigour and activity of the foetus, whilst her own health is better than it has beer for years.These cases do not require any commentary.Of course, no positive conclusion can be drawn from any one of them; but their cumula- tive evidence is considerable, and certainly entitled to some weight in the question before us.Besides the foregoing, I have two other pa- tients in the eighth and the ninth months of pregnancy respectively, one of whom has had three premature dead children and the other two.Both these ladies, like the one last mentioned, have now passed the period of pregnancy at which labour occurred before, and both enjoy unequivocal evidence of the vitality of the fcetus.These two, with those previously related, represent all the cases in which I have employed the same treatment for the preservation of the fcetus.Let me now, in conclusion, very briefly sum up the heads of evi- dence in support of the possibility and reasonableness of foetal therapeutics.i.It is a well known fact that many diseases, e.g., syphilis, measles, small-pox, scarlatina, ague, etc., contracted by the mother subsequently to conception may be communicated to the foetus in 2itero.2. Careful investigations have demonstrated that various medicines given to a pregnant woman may reach the foetus and be found in its blood or secretions.3. Clinical observations establish the fact that therapeutical effects on the foetus in utero follow the administration of certain medicines, when given to the mother for a sufficient length of time before the accession of labour.
TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER IN PRIVATE PRACTICE.
Authors: WILLIAM E. QUINE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I shall not attempt an exhaustive exposition of the subject, but shall limit attention to a few questions of fundamental importance and general interest. <h3>Prevention.</h3> —This is the question of the hour. The lack of correspondence between theory and practice is nowhere more strongly exemplified than it is in this connection. Theoretically, typhoid fever is preventable, and that without reference to antitoxin inoculations; but in private practice the measures of prevention ordinarily employed are a mockery of science and an insult to the conscience of the profession. The pathogenic bacilli appear in the discharges of the patient about the ninth or tenth day of the disease or later; and they persist a week or two after defervescence. In private practice, especially among people in easy circumstances, the patient usually presents himself for treatment before the ninth day is reached; and consequently it is usually within the power of the doctor