tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
German Medical Degrees.
Authors: Oliver J. D. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Ontario code of ethics.Hereafter the society will meet every two months, on the second Wednesday of the month.ONTARIO'S VITAL STATISTICS.The apparent decrease in the birth-rate of the province of Ontario in 1898 was thought to be attributable to defective returns, but in spite of the fact that stricter precautions have been taken in this regard, even to the extent of prosecutions and fines for neglect to register, the birth-rate of this province still continues to go down.Marriages have increased, but the births have decreased.In 1899 there were 16,514 marriages, as against 15,375 in 1898, an increase of 1139.Of births, there were 44,705 in 1899, as against 46,599 in 1898, a decrease of 1894.The deaths for 1899 number 28,607, as compared witr 26,370 in the preceding twelve months.In Toronto alone, although the population has increased by 5000, the births show a decrease of 116.In Hamilton they have decreased by 156 in 1899.THE INSANE OF ONTARIO.The Ontario government has recently been receiving some pretty severe criticism for failing to provide proper and full accommodation for the lunatics who are confined in the com¬ mon gaols of the province.Toronto especially is taking active steps to have this abuse immediately removed.In the.gaol of that city no less than 49 insane people are confined like other criminals, awaiting transference to government asylums, but as there is no accommodation for them, they continue on in their present quarters.The medical health officer, Dr. Sheard, and Dr. Richardson, the gaol surgeon, have been appointed a committee to lay this matter before the provincial secretary, seeking to have the wrong remedied.The government claims that it is hurrying on the work at the old Victoria College at Cobourg, which, when completed, will accommodate 200 pa¬ tients.
Deficiency of Small Gtpase Rac2 Affects T Cell Activation
Authors: Hong Yu, Dave Leitenberg, Baiyong Li, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Rac2 is a hematopoietic-specific GTPase acting as a molecular switch to mediate both transcriptional activation and cell morphological changes. We have examined the effect of Rac2 deficiency during T cell activation. In Rac2(-/-) T cells, proliferation was reduced upon stimulation with either plate-bound anti-CD3 or T cell receptor-specific antigen. This defect is accompanied with decreased activation of mitogen activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38, and reduced Ca(2)+ mobilization. TCR stimulation-induced actin polymerization is also reduced. In addition, anti-CD3 cross-linking-induced T cell capping is reduced compared with wild-type T cells. These results indicate that Rac2 is important in mediating both transcriptional and cytoskeletal changes during T cell activation. The phenotypic similarity of Rac2(-/-) to Vav(-/-) cells implicates Rac2 as a downstream mediator of Vav signaling.
Myasthenia Gravis Associated with Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Authors: Charles A. Kane, Larry Weed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

SINCE 1901, when Laquer and Weigert1 first demonstrated a tumor of the thymus in a patient with myasthenia gravis, there have been many attempts to establish an endocrine basis for the myasthnic syndrome. In a comprehensive review published in 1943, McEachern2 summarizes with the statement that "myasthenia gravis does not appear to be connected with endocrine dysfunction except during pregnancy or in relation to the menses or to thyroid activity." After evaluation of the available clinical and experimental data, he could find no conclusive proof of an endocrine function for the thymus, but suggested that the gland might produce a . . .
Subjective Symptoms, Blood Glucose Estimation, and Blood Glucose Concentrations in Adolescents With Diabetes
Authors: Anne Freund, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Arlan Rosenbloom, Barrie Alexander, Carolyn Apperson Hansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Twenty-five adolescent campers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) completed a Symptom Rating Checklist and estimated their blood glucose (BG) immediately before having their BG assessed four times daily for 11 days. Consistent relationships between BG and symptoms were not identified when the data were analyzed for the group as a whole. However, when each camper's data were analyzed separately, 23 of the 25 adolescents had at least one significant glycemia-symptom (G-S) correlation. Each camper seemed to have a unique G-S pattern; only one symptom (hungry) was significantly related to BG for more than half of the youngsters studied. Almost all of the significant G-S correlations were indicative of low rather than high BG. However, when asked, few campers were able to accurately identify which symptoms were reliably associated with low or high BG. In this study, different measures of BG estimation error led to different results. The percent of estimates ±20% of the actual BG value (55% in this study) was strongly influenced by the actual BG reading because higher BG values have larger accuracy ranges than lower BG concentrations. When estimated BG was simply subtracted from actual BG, under- and overestimates canceled each other out, resulting in an unusually small estimated error (5 mg/dl in this investigation). The absolute difference score ignores the direction of estimation error, but may more accurately reflect patients' average estimation error (68 mg/dl in this study). When actual and estimated BG values were correlated for the group as a whole, the patients appeared to be highly accurate at estimating BG (r = ·93, P &amp;lt; ·0001). However, when the same correlational analysis was conducted for each individual camper, BG estimation accuracy appeared substantially reduced (mean r = ·51) and varied greatly from camper to camper (range r = ·06-·80). The type of estimation error was also strongly influenced by the actual BG value. Low (&amp;lt;70 mg/dl) anid middle (70–150 mg/dl) range readings were often overestimated, while higher BG values (&amp;gt;150 mg/dl) were frequently underestimated. In the sample studied, campers with lower mean BG were better able to correctly identify hypoglycemic symptoms and made more accurate BG estimates than their more poorly controlled peers. However, BG estimation accuracy was unrelated to G-S patterns and to camper awareness of G-S patterns; this suggests that campers were not using internal symptoms to estimate BG.
Relapsing eosinophilic perimyositis
Authors: R. M. TRÜEB, P. BECKER-WEGERICH, J. HAFNER, B. WÜTHRICH, G. BURG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Relapsing eosinophilic perimyositis is a rare entity. Only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. We describe a patient with relapsing myopathy, peripheral blood eosinophilia and cutaneous manifestations, who had histopathological features of eosinophilic perimysial inflammation. His disease responded to moderate doses of glucocorticosteroids, and pursued an apparently benign course. Serum levels of eosinophilic cationic protein correlate with disease activity, and may be helpful in monitoring treatment. The features of this case are compared with those of other hypereosinophilic syndromes. It appears to be part of the spectrum of eosinophilic myositis.
Luxury Perfusion Syndrome in Cerebral Vascular Disease Evaluated with Technetium-99m HM-PAO
Authors: GIANLUIGI SPREAFICO, FABIO CAMMELLI, GENZIANA GADOLA, ROBERTO FRESCHI, FRANCO ZANCANER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A recently developed Tc-99m radiocompound, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (Tc-99m HM-PAO), exhibits favorable properties for regional cerebral blood flow study in man. The authors present a case of luxury perfusion syndrome observed in a 72-year-old patient with acute stroke and a right-sided hemiplegia, documented by planar scintigraphy and SPECT study in correlation with CT scan. The metabolic basis of this phenomenon is discussed and the usefulness of assessing regional brain perfusion by Tc-99m HM-PAO with conventional nuclear medicine equipment is underlined.
Ultralarge complexes of PF4 and heparin are central to the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lubica Rauova, Mortimer Poncz, Steven E. McKenzie, Michael P. Reilly, Gowthami Arepally, John W. Weisel, Chandrasekaran Nagaswami, Douglas B. Cines, Bruce S. Sachais
Journal: Blood (2004)
Short term outcomes lead to long term questions
Authors: Sarah J Buckley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Lavender et al add evidence to the debate about a randomised controlled trial comparing vaginal birth with caesarean surgery.1 However, we need to think even more widely, and more long term, about this possibility, as highlighted recently by the term breech trial. Researchers randomised breech babies to vaginal birth or caesarean and concluded, in the year 2000, that caesarean birth was safer. Virtually overnight, …
CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION PROFILE WITHIN THE CORONARY CIRCULATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES.
Authors: Paolo Golino, Raffaele De Palma, Elena D’Aiuto, Plinio Cirillo, Gianluca Petrillo, Paola Mariettta, Paolo Calabrò, Federico Piscione, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Legal aspects of child injury or neglect.
Authors: J A Black, F Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Doctors concerned with children who have received non accidental injury or who have been neglected or deprived should have a working knowledge of the social and legal procedures that may be necessary. The casualty officer or the resident needs to know something about the legal position when he wishes to admit a potential battered child to hospital, and the consultant must be aware of his responsibilities to the child, the parents, the social services, and the law. The legal provisions and regulations described here apply only to England and Wales and are intended to give general guidance.
Gut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy
Authors: Manuel Ferrer, Vitor AP Martins dos Santos, Stephan J Ott, Andrés Moya
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

It is known that the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota responds to different antibiotics in different ways and that while some antibiotics do not induce disturbances of the community, others drastically influence the richness, diversity, and prevalence of bacterial taxa. However, the metabolic consequences thereof, independent of the degree of the community shifts, are not clearly understood. In a recent article, we used an integrative OMICS approach to provide new insights into the metabolic shifts caused by antibiotic disturbance. The study presented here further suggests that specific bacterial lineage blooms occurring at defined stages of antibiotic intervention are mostly associated with organisms that possess improved survival and colonization mechanisms, such as those of the Enterococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia genera. The study also provides an overview of the most variable metabolic functions affected as a consequence of a β-lactam antibiotic intervention. Thus, we observed that anabolic sugar metabolism, the production of acetyl donors and the synthesis and degradation of intestinal/colonic epithelium components were among the most variable functions during the intervention. We are aware that these results have been established with a single patient and will require further confirmation with a larger group of individuals and with other antibiotics. Future directions for exploration of the effects of antibiotic interventions are discussed.
The medical in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The late Susan Sontag wrote a book that decried the use of illness as metaphor, and argued that we should abandon the practice. If Shakespeare had followed her advice the plays would have been somewhat shorter, for medical metaphors are very frequently employed in them.

In Twelfth Night , the very name of one of the principal characters, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, is a medical reference. What would you expect of a man who suffered chronically from the ague? That he would be lean, sallow, and weak, without much in the way of willpower: precisely the character of Sir Andrew. 

There is a medical metaphor in only the nineteenth line of the play. The Duke of Illyria, Orsino, describes the effect upon him of the …
Lesion of the Sympathetic on One Side of the Head
Authors: F. Warner
Journal: BMJ (1877)

S interesting case of one-sided development of exophthalmos, and the discussion thereupon at the Clinical Society, suggested to me to publish the following case, where a lesion of the vaso-motor system, probably intracranial, produced excessive excita- bility on one side of the head.Elizabeth R. came under my care on February 26th, I876, as an out-patient at the Children's Hospital, Birmingham.The mother, a very intelligent woman, complained that the girl was subject to " faint- ing attacks and some cough".The patient was a healthy looking girl,
<i>Creation by Evolution—A Consensus of Present-Day Knowledge as set forth by leading authors in non-technical language that all may understand.</i>Edited by Francis Mason. Foreword by Henry Fairfield Osborn. Introduction by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington. (<i>New York: Macmillan Co., 1928</i>)
Authors: Karl M. Bowman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1929)
Pupillary signs in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: S E Smith, S A Smith, P M Brown, C Fox, P H Sonksen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Pupillary function was investigated in 36 insulin-dependent diabetics and 36 controls matched for age and sex. About half of the diabetics had evidence of peripheral somatic or autonomic neuropathy, or both. The diabetic patients had abnormally small pupil diameters in the dark and less fluctuation in pupil size (hippus) during continuous illumination than the controls. They also had reduced reflex responses to light flashes of an intensity adjusted for individual retinal sensitivities. The pupillary findings were compared with results of five tests of cardiovascular function and five tests of peripheral sensory and motor nerve function. Almost all the patients with autonomic neuropathy had pupillary signs, which we therefore conclude are a common manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
RAS-associated lymphoproliferative disease evolves into severe juvenile myelo-monocytic leukemia
Authors: Nina Lanzarotti, Julie Bruneau, Amélie Trinquand, Marie-Claude Stolzenberg, Bénédicte Neven, Julien Fregeac, Eva Levy, Nadia Jeremiah, Felipe Suarez, Nizar Mahlaoui, Alain Fischer, Aude Magerus-Chatinet, Hélène Cavé, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
Journal: Blood (2014)
Evolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms linking attachment and life history: The social neuroendocrinology of middle childhood
Authors: Mark V. Flinn, Michael P. Muehlenbein, Davide Ponzi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract An extended period of childhood and juvenility is a distinctive aspect of human life history. This stage appears to be important for learning cultural, social, and ecological skills that help prepare the child for the adult socio-competitive environment. The unusual pattern of adrenarche in humans (and chimpanzees) may facilitate adaptive modification of the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin reproductive strategies. Longitudinal monitoring of DHEA/S in naturalistic context could provide important new insights into these aspects of child development.
65 CLONAL ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONS SELECTED IN THE HCV NS3 PROTEASE DOMAIN OF GENOTYPE 1 NON-RESPONDERS TREATED WITH BOCEPREVIR (SCH503034)
Authors: S. Susser, M.W. Welker, M. Zettler, A. Wohnsland, E. Hughes, R. Ralston, X. Tong, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Nasal Cancer in the Northamptonshire Boot and Shoe Industry
Authors: E. D. Acheson, R. H. Cowdell, B. Jolles
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A survey of the incidence of nasal cancer in Northamptonshire during the period 1953 to 1967 is reported. Of the 46 patients with nasal cancer ascertained during the 15-year period 21 (19 males and 2 females) had been employed at some time in the boot and shoe industry. Five other cases diagnosed either before 1953 or after 1967 in persons who had worked in the boot and shoe industry in Northamptonshire were ascertained from various sources. The incidence of nasal cancer (all histological types considered together) was significantly higher in male boot and shoe operatives in Northamptonshire than in males of all occupational classes in the Cancer Register areas selected for comparison and in males working in other occupations in Northamptonshire. The excess incidence has recently given rise to the occurrence of between 1 and 2 new cases per annum in the Northamptonshire boot and shoe industry. The cases within the Northamptonshire industry occurred almost entirely in the relatively small number of workers who are exposed to the dust of the materials used in the manufacture of footwear. Possibly there are two carcinogenic factors in the industry—one related to the production of nasal adenocarcinoma, and the other to squamous and possibly other types of carcinoma in the nasal cavity and sinuses. This requires further study. Our best estimate of the latent period for the adenocarcinoma cases was 54·6 years, which is substantially longer than for the patients with squamous, transitional, and anaplastic tumours (41·7 years). We have no evidence to answer the question whether the facts are still present in the industrial environment, though undoubtedly the standards of hygiene in the industry has improved substantially since these men were first exposed. There is probably an increased risk of nasal adenocarcinoma in the footwear repairing industry, but this requires further study. Our evidence suggests that snuff taking should be considered as a possible contributory factor in both industrial and non-industrial nasal cancer. A survey of the footwear manufacturing and repairing industry is recommended regarding cancer of the respiratory tract. Further attempts should be made to minimize the inhalation of dust. The case for the prescription of nasal cancer in the footwear industry should be considered.
Antibacterial Activity of the Penicillins
Authors: M. Barber, P. M. Waterworth
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Penicillin, the first antibiotic of clinical importance to be discovered, is in many ways the best.Against most pathogenic species of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram- negative cocci a concentration of 0.02 ptg./ml.t or less inhibits growth and a concentration not much higher is actively bactericidal.Moreover, apart from hyper- sensitivity reactions, penicillin is probably the least toxic of the antibiotics in clinical use. Disadvantages of PenicillinFrom the onset of its introduction into clinical medicine, however, penicillin presented two obvious disadvantages as a therapeutic agent-namely, instability and extremely rapid excretion via the kidney tubules.With regard to the first, penicillin in aqueous solution is rapidly inactivated by many agents, includ- ing acids and alkalis, oxidizing agents, heavy metals, alcohols, some forms of synthetic rubber, and the enzymes of certain bacteria.The importance of acid instability was appreciated at once, since it precluded oral administration, except in the newborn, and this fact, together with the rapid excretion, made it neces- sary to administer penicillin by frequent (four-hourly) intramuscular injection or continuous intramuscular or intravenous transfusion.A bacterial enzyme inactivating penicillin and named penicillinase was isolated in 1940 by Abraham and Chain from a strain of Escherichia coli.At first this was simply regarded as an interesting mechanism to which some species of bacteria, such as coliform bacilli, regarded from the first as penicillin-resistant, owed their resistance.But the full clinical importance of the enzyme was appreciated only when, following the wide- spread clinical use of penicillin, strains of Staphylo- coccus aureus which produced penicillinase trium- phantly supplanted less adaptable strains in hospital communities all over the world.In the 20 years since the introduction of penicillin much has been done to mitigate the disadvantages.First of all, excretion can be delayed by the use of insoluble, and therefore slowly absorbed, salts of benzylpenicillin-for example, procaine (Sullivan et al.,
Eradication of Therapy-Resistant Human Prostate Tumors Using a Cancer Terminator Virus
Authors: Devanand Sarkar, Irina V. Lebedeva, Zao-zhong Su, Eun-Sook Park, Lejuan Chatman, Nicollaq Vozhilla, Paul Dent, David T. Curiel, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Terminal prostate cancer is refractory to conventional anticancer treatments because of frequent overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), a secreted cytokine having cancer-selective apoptosis-inducing properties, profoundly inhibits prostate cancer cell growth. However, forced overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL renders prostate cancer cells resistant to Ad.mda-7. We constructed a conditionally replication-competent adenovirus in which expression of the adenoviral E1A gene, necessary for replication, is driven by the cancer-specific promoter of progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) and which simultaneously expresses mda-7/IL-24 in the E3 region of the adenovirus (Ad.PEG-E1A-mda-7), a cancer terminator virus (CTV). This CTV generates large quantities of MDA-7/IL-24 as a function of adenovirus replication uniquely in cancer cells. Infection of Ad.PEG-E1A-mda-7 (CTV) in normal prostate epithelial cells and parental and Bcl-2– or Bcl-xL–overexpressing prostate cancer cells confirmed cancer cell–selective adenoviral replication, mda-7/IL-24 expression, growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction. Injecting Ad.PEG-E1A-mda-7 (CTV) into xenografts derived from DU-145-Bcl-xL cells in athymic nude mice completely eradicated not only primary tumors but also distant tumors (established in the opposite flank), thereby implementing a cure. These provocative findings advocate potential therapeutic applications of this novel virus for advanced prostate cancer patients with metastatic disease. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5434–42]
Autoantibodies and response to α-interferon in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: G. Saracco, A. Touscoz, M. Durazzo, F. Rosina, E. Donegani, L. Chiandussi, V. Gallo, R. Petrino, A.G. De Micheli, A. Solinas, A. Deplano, A. Tocco, P.A. Cossu, C. Pintus, G. Verme, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)