tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Sodium Channel Function Unmasks Residual Embryonic Slow Conduction in the Adult Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Bas J. Boukens, Marc Sylva, Corrie de Gier-de Vries, Carol Ann Remme, Connie R. Bezzina, Vincent M. Christoffels, Ruben Coronel
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Rationale: In patients with Brugada syndrome, arrhythmias typically originate in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). The RVOT develops from the slowly conducting embryonic outflow tract. Objective: We hypothesize that this embryonic phenotype is maintained in the fetal and adult RVOT and leads to conduction slowing, especially after sodium current reduction. Methods and Results: We determined expression patterns in the embryonic myocardium and performed activation mapping in fetal and adult hearts, including hearts from adult mice heterozygous for a mutation associated with Brugada syndrome ( Scn5a 1798insD/+ ). The embryonic RVOT was characterized by expression of Tbx2 , a repressor of differentiation, and absence of expression of both Hey2 , a ventricular transcription factor, and Gja1 , encoding the principal gap-junction subunit for ventricular fast conduction. Also, conduction velocity was lower in the RVOT than in the right ventricular free wall. Later in the development, Gja1 and Scn5a expression remained lower in the subepicardial myocardium of the RVOT than in RV myocardium. Nevertheless, conduction velocity in the adult RVOT was similar to that of the right ventricular free wall. However, in hearts of Scn5a 1798insD/+ mice and in normal hearts treated with ajmaline, conduction was slower in the RVOT than in the right ventricular wall. Conclusions: The slowly conducting embryonic phenotype is maintained in the fetal and adult RVOT and is unmasked when cardiac sodium channel function is reduced.
Renal functional reserve and nitric oxide in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis
Authors: R P Woitas, J Heller, B Stoffel-Wagner, U Spengler, T Sauerbruch
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) with respect to kidney function and liver cirrhosis, we evaluated renal function, as well as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and NO x (nitrite/nitrate [NO 3 − /NO 2 −]) as indirect markers of NO formation in plasma and urine at rest and during amino acid (aa)-induced glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with Child A liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (n = 12), and in healthy controls (n = 10). Baseline filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis than in controls (GFR: mean 88 ± SD 16 mL/min vs. 106 ± 15 mL/min, P = .01, ERPF: 477 ± 93 vs. 561 ± 72 mL/min, P = .002). In both groups amino acid (aa) infusion increased GFR, ERPF, as well as cGMP and urinary NO x . Changes in GFR were similar in cirrhotic patients and controls (28.3% ± 14% in cirrhotics and 26% ± 11% in controls), but the degree of aa-induced changes in ERPF was more marked in patients with liver cirrhosis (31.8% ± 17% vs. 18.6% ± 12%, P = .02). Plasma levels of NO x and cGMP were similar in either group at baseline and during aa infusion, whereas NO x and cGMP excretion in cirrhotics was constantly 14% to 24% lower than in the control group. We conclude that patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension already have an impaired kidney function. In addition our data suggest a cirrhosis-related dissociation between ERPF and GFR during aa stimulation. Further studies are warranted to find out whether a local imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, e.g., decreased local NO formation, plays a key role for this phenomenon.
Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Primary Reninism With Renal Hamartomatous Alteration
Authors: Mizuo Hirose
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is the eighth case of primary reninism so far reported, but it is unusual in that the patient was very young (10 years of age) and the tumor was very small (0.2×0.15 cm), without delineation, yet cure was effected quickly (in five months). The boy, first admitted with malignant hypertension, was thought to have a juxtaglomerular (JG) cell tumor because of typical findings for it: hypertension, hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and unilaterally (right) elevated renal vein plasma renin activity (PRA), with no disparity or abnormality on nephrogram or renal angiogram. Right nephrectomy resulted in a prompt cure and return of PRA to normal levels, but no delineated tumor was found in the excised right kidney. Reexamination showed an extremely small (0.2×0.15 cm) circumscribed nodular lesion in the cortex, which consisted of a group of peculiar cells whose characteristics coincided with neither hemangiopericytoma nor Wilms tumor. Several explanations are possible for the histological findings. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1288-1292, 1974)
Adjustment of DLCO for hemoglobin concentration.
Authors: R M Marrades, O Diaz, J Roca, J M Campistol, J V Torregrosa, J A Barberà, A Cobos, M A Félez, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The equation proposed by Cotes and coworkers is currently considered as the most acceptable to correct carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) for hemoglobin concentration [Hb] by both the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines for standardization of DLCO. In a previous study on 24 anemic patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (1), we found that DLCO is underestimated using the equation of Cotes and coworkers. To further explore this finding, 28 anemic patients ([Hb] = 8.2 +/- 1.0 (SD) g/dl) with chronic renal failure were prospectively studied during the recovery period of anemia (5.4 +/- 3.5 mo). In all 28 subjects, the slope deltaDLCO/delta[Hb] computed as ratio of overall change in DLCO to overall change in [Hb] throughout the study period was 1.40 +/- 0.72 ml CO/min/mm Hg/g/dl. The individual relationship between measured DLCO and [Hb] closely fitted a simple linear regression. The resulting equations for adjustment of DLCO (DLCOadj) to a standard [Hb] of 14.6 g/dl for men and 13.4 g/dl for women are: [equations: see text]. The present adjustment function for DLCO is linear and independent of the observed DLCO values, whereas the formulas previously proposed are curvilinear, DLCO correction varying with the measured DLCO values. For a measured DLCO of 15 ml CO/min/mm Hg and [Hb] ranging from 7 to 12 g/dl, the present DLCO adjustment is higher (by 2.7 ml CO/min/mm Hg, on average) than that proposed by Cotes and coworkers. This difference appears to be relevant for a precise interpretation of DLCO in patients with normocytic anemia in different clinical conditions.
Antibiotic-sensitivity tests.
Authors: R Blowers, E J Stokes, J D Abbott
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Ampicillin for Sore Throat SIR,-Dr. A. A. Robertson's conclusion (9 June, p. 614) that the use of ampicillin must be considered in the treatment of acute sore throats is based on the following premises: (l)-that Haemophilus influenzae is fre-
Comment on: International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma
Authors: David L. Hahn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

I was pleased to see that the new guidelines on severe asthma use the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system to classify the strength of evidence behind each expert recommendation [1]. The fact that the strength of most of the recommendations was “conditional” ( i.e. many patients and clinicians might choose an …
Abstract 3814: Association of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression with stage and grade in endometrial cancer
Authors: Michael Papez, Emily Ko, David Kaufman, Paola Gehrig, Steven Young, Victoria L. Bae-Jump
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to initiate immune responses upon binding bacterial glycolipids and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases including cancer. It is thought that cancers may sabotage TLR signaling pathways leading to enhanced tumor cell invasion and immune surveillance evasion. Upon glycolipid binding, TLR4 induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines through the adaptor protein, MyD88. Although TLR4 expression has been evaluated in normal endometrium, it has not been well-characterized in endometrial cancer. Thus, we sought to assess TLR4 and MyD88 expression in endometrial cancer specimens. Methods: TLR4 and MyD88 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 82 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial cancer specimens and 14 specimens of benign endometrium. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and two cores were analyzed for each patient. Immunohistochemical staining was scored according to the intensity (1+ to 3+) and qualitative percent cells staining per core. A “histoscore” was calculated, based on multiplying these two determinants ranging from 0 to 300 (i.e. intensity x % labeled). Results were analyzed using the Student t-test and ANOVA. Results: TLR4 and MyD88 staining was localized in the cytoplasm of both the benign and malignant endometrium. TLR4 and MyD88 expression was highest in the atrophic endometrium (mean 276 &amp; 251, respectively) and lowest in the secretory endometrium (mean 182 &amp; 136, respectively) (p=0.0182 for TLR4; p=0.0043 for MyD88). Expression was intermediary in the proliferative endometrium (mean 214 for TLR4; p=0.0278) (mean 210 for MyD88; p=0.0520). Of the endometrial cancer specimens, 87% were of endometrioid histology, and 13% were of serous histology. 77% of these tumors were from women with early stage cancers (stage 1/2), and 24% were from patients with advanced stage disease (stage 3/4). 89% of the endometrial cancers expressed TLR4, and 91% expressed MyD88. Decreased TLR4 expression correlated with higher stage (mean 205 for stage 1/2 and 169 for stage 3/4; p=0.0163) and grade (mean 214 for G1 and 176 for G3; p=0.0165). TLR4 and MyD88 expression did not significantly differ between endometrioid and serous histologies. Conclusions: TLR4 and MyD88 are expressed in endometrial cancers, and decreased TLR4 expression was associated with advanced stage and higher grade. Thus, the TLR4 pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3814.
Community Care: The First Year: Gwent: a good start and better prospects
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Optimism was in better supply than disappointment among the people to whom I spoke about how community care was working in Gwent. I had returned a year after hearing about the plans,1 and just eight months after the new community care arrangements came into operation on 1 April.2

* This is the second of four articles looking at the progress of the community care reforms

One problem in assessing the effects of the new arrangements in Gwent is that they have not been part of a controlled trial. Too many changes have happened at the same time to draw safe conclusions about the effects of any one of them. For example, on the same day that the community care reforms came into force, the services for mental illness, learning disability, and community health became the responsibility of the new Gwent Community NHS Trust. This change was preceded in 1991 by the establishment of clinical directorates, the move which Dr Stephen Hunter, consultant in mental illness, believes had the most powerful and beneficial effect on the development of this service. All these changes occurred against a background of a long standing and successful local policy of transferring the care of mental illness into the community. Learning disability and mental illness had anyway been given special status by the All Wales strategies.3,4

Organisational change has not ended. Proposals currently before parliament would abolish the administrative country of Gwent in 1996 and replace it with new unitary authorities with different boundaries from the present five boroughs (see fig 1). Coterminosity of local authority and health authority boundaries will be lost. General practitioner fundholding, now operating in about a third of practices in Gwent, may have a greater impact next year, when such practices will be able to make their own …
Medicine—A Profession in Trouble?
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It should come as no great surprise to our medical readers in the United States that we, the aggregate medical profession, are in big trouble with the public at large, and thus, of course, with its elected representatives at federal and state levels. What may come as a surprise is the rapidity with which our position of public trust is eroding. Never in modern history has the medical profession been stronger. There are more of us than ever before, and we are better trained and more competent to deal with practically every kind of treatment problem and prevention strategy. Our research and technology are advancing at an astonishing rate, and our successes are on the front page of the national newspapers and newsmagazines practically every day. Our society is expending more resources for health and medical care than ever before, and our population life span is again increasing substantially. Our
Measuring vaccine confidence: analysis of data obtained by a media surveillance system used to analyse public concerns about vaccines
Authors: Heidi J Larson, David MD Smith, Pauline Paterson, Melissa Cumming, Elisabeth Eckersberger, Clark C Freifeld, Isaac Ghinai, Caitlin Jarrett, Louisa Paushter, John S Brownstein, Lawrence C Madoff
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Michael John Gilbert
Authors: A. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Michael John Gilbert (“Mike”) was born in Smethwick and went to King Edward grammar school. After qualifying he went to south Wales to train in obstetrics and gynaecology. His parents bought him a Cooper Mark 5 for £145 for passing his medical finals, which was the beginning of a lifelong passion.

In 1962 he went into general practice in Grenfell in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It was a town of 1200 people 84 miles from the city of Regina. There was a small purpose built hospital. He and his partner, Mike Stafford, did any surgical procedures they felt they could safely perform with the pictorial guide to surgery firmly placed next to the operating table. They were also responsible for the welfare of the people living in four Cree Indian reservations. He hunted, fished, and raced and was the Formula Vee champion for a year. The winter was no deterrent; races took place on ice.

In 1968 having spent seven years enduring …
Oil‐Filled Lipid Nanoparticles Containing 2′‐(2‐Bromohexadecanoyl)‐Docetaxel for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lan Feng, Soumya R. Benhabbour, Russell J. Mumper
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract A docetaxel (DX) lipid conjugate 2′‐(2‐bromohexadecanoyl)‐docetaxel (2‐Br‐C16‐DX) is synthesized to enhance the drug loading, entrapment, and retention in liquid oil‐filled lipid nanoparticles (NPs). The conjugate is successfully entrapped in the previously optimized NPs with an entrapment efficiency of 56.8%. In‐vitro release studies in 100% mouse plasma show an initial 45% burst release with no additional release within 8 h. The conjugate is able to be hydrolyzed to release DX by esterases in‐vitro. The conjugate is less potent than unmodified DX in DU‐145 and 4T1 cells. However, NPs containing the conjugate show significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to its free form especially in 4T1 cells. In‐vivo, the AUC 0‐∞ value of NP‐formulated 2‐Br‐C16‐DX is about 100‐fold higher than DX formulated in Taxotere. Furthermore, 2‐Br‐C16‐DX NPs improve DX AUC 4.3‐fold compared to Taxotere. The high concentration and prolonged exposure of both 2‐Br‐C16‐DX and DX from 2‐Br‐C16‐DX NPs in circulation result in a 10‐fold and 1.5‐fold higher accumulation of 2‐Br‐C16‐DX and DX, respectively, in tumors compared to Taxotere. In mice bearing syngeneic 4T1 tumors, 2‐Br‐C16‐DX NPs show markedly greater anticancer efficacy, as well as survival benefit over all controls. The results of these studies support that the oil‐filled NPs containing hydrolyzable lipophilic DX prodrug 2‐Br‐C16‐DX improve the therapeutic index of DX and are more efficacious in the treatment of breast cancer.
Five Voices, One Story
Authors: Jennifer A. Anyaegbunam, Jennifer Sotsky, Christopher Salib, Mark J. Kissler, Jocelyn M. Jiao, Rita Charon
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Collagen phenotypes during development and regression of myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: D Mukherjee, S Sen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The myocardium contains collagen matrix that is a major determinant of its architecture, structural integrity, and mechanical properties. This fibrillar matrix consists primarily of type I and type III collagens having epimysial, perimysial, and endomysial components. The present study shows the alteration of collagen phenotypes during the evolution of hypertensive hypertrophy. Therapy with captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that regresses cardiac hypertrophy, not only reduces the total amount of collagen but reverses the altered distribution of type I and type III collagen. In normotensive rats, captopril did not significantly reduce collagen content or alter the ratio of type I to type III collagen.
Stress-induced activation of neuronal activity and corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus is modulated by glucocorticoids in rats.
Authors: T Imaki, W Xiao-Quan, T Shibasaki, K Yamada, S Harada, N Chikada, M Naruse, H Demura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Intronic in situ hybridization methodology provides a means of determining the rate of gene transcription under basal and stimulated conditions. In the present study, we have used intronic in situ hybridization to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene to measure hypothalamic CRF gene transcription after stress as well as its modulation by glucocorticoids. Using this and conventional exonic in situ hybridization we examined the time course of changes in c-fos mRNA, and CRF heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) and mRNA concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of male Wistar rats after restraint stress. In addition, we determined the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone administration on c-fos and CRF gene expression in the PVN. Restraint stress induced a rapid induction (within 5 min) of c-fos mRNA and CRF hnRNA expression in the PVN. Both RNA concentrations peaked at 30 min then decreased and were undetectable 2 h after stress onset. In contrast, the concentration of CRF mRNA increased gradually and a significant elevation was first detected 60 min after the beginning of stress. Adrenalectomy augmented and dexamethasone pretreatment inhibited c-fos mRNA, CRF hnRNA, and mRNA induction after stress. The data suggest that stress-induced activation of neurons, CRF gene transcription, and CRF synthesis in the PVN are modulated by glucocorticoids.
The Relationship between Anti-merozoite Antibodies and Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Freya J. I. Fowkes, Jack S. Richards, Julie A. Simpson, James G. Beeson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between anti-merozoite antibody responses and incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by Freya Fowkes and colleagues aids identification of antigens that confer protection from malaria.
A Clinical Lecture ON MUSCLE-TONUS, TONIC RIGIDITY, AND TONIC FITS
Authors: J. P. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1921)

ORDINARILY our voluntary muscles, even at rest, are in a state of slight tonus, a sort of braced-up condition.This muscle-tonus is a reflex affair-tlhat is, it is dependent, primarily, upon tlle integrity of the spinal reflex arc.The reflex arc, as we all kiiow, consists of an afferent limb, made up of (1) the sensory nerve, leading up to the posterior spinal root, then (2) a short intermediate neurone within tlle grey matter of the spinal cord, and, lastly, (3) an efferent limyib, consist- ing, in series, of the anterior cornual cell, tle anterior nerve root, the motor nerve and the muscle.Diminished Muscle-Tovusq: Hypotonia..
820 ACCURATE OUTCOME PREDICTION OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE BY A CK-18 MODIFIED MELD
Authors: L.P. Bechmann, C. Jochum, J.-P. Sowa, P. Kocabayoglu, M. Kassalik, R.K. Gieseler, F. Saner, A. Paul, C. Trautwein, G. Gerken, A.E. Canbay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Clarification of mental capacity and psychiatric admission
Authors: B. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The editorial by Dawson makes some interesting points but two important issues need clarification.1 He says that where a patient might be covered by the Mental Capacity Act 2005 or the Mental Health Act 2007, the clinician can choose which to apply. There are, in fact, guidelines supplied with the code of practice for the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/mca-code-of-practice.htm), advising which is the more …
Primary hypothyroidism in an adult patient with protein-calorie malnutrition: A study of its mechanism and the effect of amino acid deficiency
Authors: Yasuhiro Tahara, Meisei Hirota, Kenji Shima, Satoru Kozu, Hiroshi Ikegami, Akira Tanaka, Yuichi Kumahara, Nobuyuki Amino, Sachiko Hayashizaki, Kiyoshi Miyai
Journal: Metabolism (1988)