tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cancer and Cancer Treatment on the Nutrition of the Host
Authors: Giovanni Costa, Sarah S. Donaldson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE growth of cancer in man leads to destruction of tissues and alterations of functions. The consequences of this process, culminating in overt cachexia and death, are so varied that cancer has replaced syphilis as the great imitator.1 Many of the manifestations of cachexia (weakness, anorexia, depletion and translocation of host component, and loss of immunocompetence) resemble malnutrition and are accountable for, in many patients, by poor nutritional intake, neoplastic invasion of the gastrointestinal tract or creation by the tumor of abnormal routes through which nutrients can be lost.The development of cachexia, nevertheless, bears no simple relation to caloric . . .
Cellular Basis for Trigger and Maintenance of Ventricular Fibrillation in the Brugada Syndrome Model
Authors: Takeshi Aiba, Wataru Shimizu, Ichiro Hidaka, Kazunori Uemura, Takashi Noda, Can Zheng, Atsunori Kamiya, Masashi Inagaki, Masaru Sugimachi, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a predictor of lung cancer mortality
Authors: Yu-Il Kim, Heejung Ban, Yunhee Kim, Jinyeong Yu, Boram Lee, Sunghun Yun, Yongsu Kwon, Injae Oh, Kyusik Kim, Sungchul Lim, Youngchul Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  COPD has reported as a risk factor of lung cancer. However, there is a limited data whether COPD can be a predictor of mortality in lung cancer patients. This study was performed to investigate that COPD can affect the mortality of the patiens with lung cancer in spite of adjustment by other predictors.   Methods:  Patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer during January 2007 to December 2008 at Chonnam National University Hawsun Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. We collected data gender, age, body mass index(BMI), smoking history, TNM stage, treatment method, spirometry result and identified the state of death. Hazard ratio of mortality in lung cancer patients were calculated for each variables including COPD stage by Cox proportional hazards regression.   Results:  The variables significantly associated with mortality of patients with lung cancer were gender, age, BMI, smoking history, TNM stage, treatment method, COPD stage by GOLD in univariated analysis. In multivariated analysis, age, BMI, TNM stage, treatment method, and GOLD stage were the significant predictors of mortality in lung cancer. In the univariated analysis, the hazard ratio for normal stage was 1.24 (95% CI 0.92-1.65) in stage 1, 1.65 (95% CI 1.25-2.18) in stage 2, 2.33 (95% CI 1.62-3.34) in stage 3. In the multivariated analysis, the hazard ratio for normal stage was 1.10 (95% CI 0.78-1.56) in stage 1, 1.33 (95% CI 0.96-1.85), in stage 2, 1.59 (95% CI 1.04-2.44) in stage 3.   Conclusion:  We confirmed the fact that COPD is one of the significant factors that predict mortality of the patients with lung cancer. COPD should be noted for the reduction of mortality of lung cancer, as well as the occurrence of lung cancer.
Abstract 56: Receptor-Interacting protein kinase 1 functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma
Authors: Lei Jin, Xiao Ying Liu, Fritz Lai, Xu Guang Yan, Chen Chen Jiang, Su Tang Guo, Chun Yan Wang, Amanda Croft, Hsin-Yi Tseng, James S. Wilmott, Richard A. Scolyer, Xu Dong Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Although many studies in recent years have uncovered an important role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in mediating cell survival and death signaling, its potential part in the pathogenesis of cancer remains less understood. Here we report that RIP1 functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma. While the expression of RIP1 was commonly upregulated in melanoma, knockdown of RIP1 inhibited melanoma cell proliferation in vitro, and retarded melanoma growth in a xenograft model. Conversely, despite induction of apoptosis in a small proportion of melanoma cells, overexpression of RIP1 enhanced proliferation in the remaining cells. The promoting effect of RIP1 on melanoma cell proliferation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, as blockade of NF-κB activation eliminated RIP1 overexpression-triggered increase in cell proliferation, whereas hyperactivation of NF-κB abolished inhibition of cell proliferation caused by RIP1 knockdown. In support, RIP1 knockdown led to reduction, whereas its overexpression caused an increase, in NF-κB activation. Strikingly, ectopic expression of RIP1 enhanced melanocyte proliferation and triggered anchorage-independent growth of the cells similarly in a NF-κB-dependent manner. While upregulation of RIP1 was associated with DNA copy number gain in a subset of melanomas, constitutive ubiquitination and subsequent stabilization of the RIP1 protein driven by TNFα autocrine appeared to be another mechanism commonly responsible for upregulation of RIP1 in melanoma cells. Collectively, these results identify RIP1 as an oncogenic regulator in melanoma, and points to the possibility of targeting the NF-κB activating mechanism of RIP1 as a novel approach in the treatment of the disease. Citation Format: Lei Jin, Xiao Ying Liu, Fritz Lai, Xu Guang Yan, Chen Chen Jiang, Su Tang Guo, Chun Yan Wang, Amanda Croft, Hsin-Yi Tseng, James S. Wilmott, Richard A. Scolyer, Xu Dong Zhang. Receptor-Interacting protein kinase 1 functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 56. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-56
No mutation of elastin and fibulin-5 genes in a patient with acquired cutis laxa associated with chronic urticaria
Authors: X.-K. Sun, J.-F. Chen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Funding sources: none disclosed. Madam, Cutis laxa (CL) is a rare disorder of unknown cause characterized by progressive looseness of the skin associated with abnormalities of other organs and structures containing elastic tissue such as lung, vasculature or gastrointestinal tract. The primary change is in the elastic fibre, which is almost absent or decreased in the dermis. Both inherited and acquired forms exist. The acquired form is less common than the inherited mode. The involved areas of the skin hang in loose pendulous folds. These findings may be localized or generalized.1 Approximately half the patients with acquired CL have a preceding or accompanying inflammatory eruption with erythematous papules or plaques.2 Mutations in the elastin (ELN) or fibulin‐5 (FBLN5) genes have been identified in inherited CL. The association of the gene mutations with acquired CL is not clear, although Hu et al.3 reported a patient with acquired CL preceded by Toxocara canis parasitism and chronic urticaria; molecular genetic analysis revealed inherited mutations in the ELN and FBLN5 genes that resulted in functional alterations in the corresponding gene products. Here we report a patient with acquired CL accompanied by chronic urticaria but no mutation in the ELN and FBLN5 genes.
Febrile neutropenia and reduced dose intensity in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with CHOP and CNOP
Authors: D. C. Dale, J. Crawford, O. Agboola, G. H. Lyman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6599 Background: Myelosuppression remains the major dose-limiting toxicity of systemic chemotherapy in patients with intermediate grade NHL. Recent studies support the importance of sustaining dose intensity in this setting. Methods: A survey of 1243 community oncology practices including nearly 5500 patients receiving chemotherapy for NHL was undertaken to evaluate the impact of demographic, clinical and treatment related factors on delivered dose intensity. Relative dose intensity (RDI) was estimated for each drug as the ratio of dose intensity received to standard dose intensity for each regimen. Results: This analysis is limited to 3536 patients with aggressive NHL (Working Formulation D-H) treated with CHOP (87%) or CNOP (13%) chemotherapy over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2001. Average age was 61 years with 45% ≥65 years and 54% male. Diffuse large cell histology was reported in 57%. Febrile neutropenia (FN) occurred one or more times in 21% of patients of which 76% required hospitalization. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for FN included age >65 (OR=1.8), female gender (OR=1.5), heart disease (OR=3.3), liver disease (OR=3.4) and ECOG performance status ≥2 (OR=2.1). Average RDI to reference standard was 84% with averaged planned and unplanned reductions in RDI of 4.5% and 11.5% respectively. Forty-five percent of patients received average RDI <85%. Risk factors for average RDI <85% included age ≥ 65 (53%), stage 4 (53%), ECOG performance status ≥ 2 (57%), female gender (48%), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (50%) and hospitalization for FN (54%). Colony-stimulating factors were used in 41% of patients primarily in response to a previous episode of FN. In multivariate analysis, significant independent risk factors for average RDI <85% included age >65 (OR=1.8), female gender (OR=1.2), stage 4 (OR=1.6), CHOP (OR=1.3), BMI ≥30 (1.4) and previous FN hospitalization (1.4). Conclusions: Nearly one-half of patients with aggressive NHL histology treated with CHOP-like regimens experienced substantial dose reductions related to age, stage, gender, obesity, regimen and previous FN hospitalization. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen, Inc. Amgen, Inc. Amgen; Anormed
Crisis in cremation
Authors: S. Horner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Disposal of bodies by cremation in the United Kingdom gathered pace in the last 25 years of the last century, following the establishment of the Cremation Society in 1874. It is now the commonest form of disposal, accounting for 73% of disposals in 1996. The legislative framework for cremation was established in 1902: its centenary seems likely to be marked by a system in crisis, on the verge of collapse.

The legislation requires the signature of a medical referee before a cremation can take place. A recent survey of medical referees conducted by the BMA showed that less than 20% are aged under 50. Over half are over 60 and more than a third over 65. No arrangements seem to have been made for replacing this elderly group of doctors. Individual medical referees reported themselves trapped in a system from which there was no escape—required to attend virtually every day, for a fee which does not even pay their travelling costs. They are finding it impossible to recruit …
Treatment with agonistic DR3 antibody results in expansion of donor Tregs and reduced graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Byung-Su Kim, Hidekazu Nishikii, Jeanette Baker, Antonio Pierini, Dominik Schneidawind, Yuqiong Pan, Andreas Beilhack, Chung-Gyu Park, Robert S. Negrin
Journal: Blood (2015)
Mast Cells Induce Autoantibody-Mediated Vasculitis Syndrome Through Tumor Necrosis Factor Production Upon Triggering Fcγ Receptors
Authors: Norihiko Watanabe, Bunshiro Akikusa, Seung Yong Park, Hiroshi Ohno, Liliane Fossati, Gianluca Vecchietti, J. Engelbert Gessner, Reinhold E. Schmidt, J. Sjef Verbeek, Bernhard Ryffel, Itsuo Iwamoto, Shozo Izui, Takashi Saito
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract #2309: The effect of tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) on the in vitro oxygen enhancement ratio of x-irradiated GL261 murine brain tumor cells
Authors: Aleck Hercbergs, Paul Davis, Faith Davis, Michael Cieslieski, John Leith
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Introduction: We have previously shown that tetrac (tetraiodothyroacetic acid) an antagonist of the thyroxine receptor on integrin avbeta3 enhances the intrinsic in vitro x-ray sensitivity of GL261 brain tumor cells while also reducing the repair of sublethal and potentially lethal radiation damage. These effects were determined in oxic cells. Herein, we studied the in vitro effects of tetrac on oxic and hypoxic cell survival of GL261 cells, and also determined the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). Methods: Cells were irradiated with 250 kVp x-rays while in plastic dishes within Lucite containers. We first determined the survival of control GL261 cells and GL261 cells treated with tetrac (2 um, 1 hour, 37°C) on oxic and hypoxic cell survival. Results: The SF2 values for oxic and hypoxic control GL261 cells as determined from their respective \#913; and \#946; values determined using the linear-quadratic equation (and the 95% confidence limits on \#913; and I²) were 0.327 ± 0.071 and 0.715 ± 0.077. For oxic and hypoxic GL261 cells irradiated with tetrac, these values were 0.154 ± 0.023 and 0.390 ± 0.040. The ratios of these SF2 values are respectively 2.18 ± 0.24 and 2.53 ± 0.18 (propagated 95% confidence interals). The overlap of the 95% confidence limits on these ratios shows that these values are not significantly different. The OER values at 10% survival for control and tetrac treated cells were 2.8 and 2.7. Conclusion: These data therefore indicate that tetrac sensitizes oxic and hypoxic cells similarly and independently of oxygenation.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2309.
Calculating stroke volume from the mitral echogram.
Authors: D H Spodick
Journal: Circulation (1978)

To the Editor:Rasmussen and colleagues' report of stroke volume calculation from the mitral echogram1 is an excellent example of the increasing value of echocardiography in noninvasive functional evaluation.I would like to raise an issue of potential importance for the authors' consideration.Their figure 4 shows excellent correlation between the time the mitral valve is open and the R-R interval (r = 0.95).To some extent the correlation coefficient must be spuriously high, since R-R includes the time that the mitral valve is open, yielding a large element of self-correlation.From figure 4, for example, at the lowest R-R interval of just over 0.50 sec, the subject plotted has an open mitral valve for more than half of this period, approximately 0.27 sec.At the highest R-R interval, approximately 1.16 sec, the mitral valve was open 0.86 sec, 74% of the R-R time.Thus, the time the mitral was open was self-correlated for one-half to three- quarters of the cycle length.We reported this problem when dealing with the correlates of left ventricular ejection time.2We expected the duration of diastole to correlate best with left ventricular ejection time (LVET).However, cycle length correlated much better.Since LVET is part of R-R, we calculated cycle length minus LVET and correlated that with LVET.The correlation now was not as good as that for the dias- tolic interval, because we had removed the self-correlation time.The apparent coordinates of the lowest and highest points of fig- ure 4 can be re-plotted to correct the R-R for the self-correlation (i.e.R-R minus corresponding mitral open time).This yields "cor- rected R-Rs" of 0.23 (0.50-0.27) and 0.30 (1.16-0.86)and an ap- proximate slope which is reduced from 450 to 50.One would have to plot all points to get a correlation coefficient -which could still be good.These remarks are not intended as serious criticism of excellent work.The correlations of mitral valve stroke volume (MVSV) with thermodilution and Fick stroke volume were excellent.The question is whether correcting the relationship in figure 4 would significantly alter the heart rate term in the equation for MVSV.
Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Management.
Authors: Roy Patterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Review of immunology immunology of IgE mediated and other hypersensitive states models of asthma biochemical mediators of allergic reactions antihistamines allergens and other factors important in atopic disease pollen survey of the United States diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity allergic rhinitis principles of immunologic management of allergic diseases due to extrinsic allergens allergic diseases of the eye and ear allergy to stinging insects urticaria angioedema, and hereditary angioedema food allergy atopic dermatitis Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and erythema multiforme drug allergy contact dermatitis nasal polyposis, sinusitis and non-allergic rhinitis anaphylaxis idiopathic anaphylaxis asthma hypersensitivity pneumonitis allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis occupational immunologic lung disease controversial and unproven methods in allergy diagnosis and treatment allergic disorders and pregnancy.
Impact of Coronary Risk Factors on Contribution of Nitric Oxide and Adenosine to Metabolic Coronary Vasodilation in Humans
Authors: Tetsuo Minamino, Masafumi Kitakaze, Yasushi Matsumura, Kazuhiko Nishida, Yoji Kato, Kazuhiko Hashimura, Yasuhiko Matsu-ura, Hiroharu Funaya, Hiroshi Sato, Tsunehiko Kuzuya, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 15997: Pooled Cohort Risk Equations: A Comparison of Their Predictions With Five Other Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Five Peruvian Sites
Authors: Juan Bazo-Alvarez, Frank Peralta-Alvarez, Renato Quispe, Julio Poterico, Giancarlo Valle, Melissa Burroughs, Timesh Pillay, Robert Gilman, William Checkley, German Malaga, Liam Smeeth, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Jaime Miranda
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores are used to estimate an individual’s risk of developing a disease or death from a cardiovascular event. Recently, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) introduced the Pooled Cohort risk equations (ACC/AHA model). It is important to know how comparable CVD risk predictions are in low-middle income countries (LMIC). Hypothesis: ACC/AHA model has a poor concordance with any other CVD risk score. Methods: We used secondary data from two Peruvian, age and sex-matched, population-based studies across five geographical sites. The ACC/AHA model was compared to five other CVD risk prediction tools: two versions of the Framingham Risk Score (FRS-Lipids and FRS-BMI), Reynolds Risk Score (RRS), four versions of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE 1-4), World Health Organization risk chart (WHO), and Lancet Chronic Disease risk chart (LCD). We calculated predicted risk as a continuous variable and used Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). We also compared the high predicted risk prevalence between all the scores using the cut-off levels suggested by each score’s guidelines. Results: We included 2183 subjects in the risk scores age range of 45-65 years (mean age 54.3 (SD±5.6) years). CCC agreement values found in this study were generally poor. The highest concordance was observed between the ACC/AHA model and the risk scores derived from the Framingham Study (40% with FRS-BMI and 44% with FRS-Lipids). ACC/AHA model depicted the highest proportion of people with predicted high-risk of 10-year CVD, at 29.0% (95%CI 26.9-31.0%) and the same tendency was observed in all study sites. Conclusions: In Peruvian population-based samples, agreement between ACC/AHA model and five other CVD risk scores was generally poor. There is an urgent need to use an appropriate risk score for CVD in LMIC. In an ideal scenario, it would be significant to have a proper CVD risk score for LMIC.
Smoking and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Arpana Verma, Debbie Clough, Diane McKenna, Mary Dodd, A Kevin Webb
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The harmful effects of smoking are now well documented.
The UK figures are disturbing: although the
prevalence of smoking for adults is falling, in children it
has been steadily rising since 1992. Passive smoking has
been implicated in lung cancer, heart disease and
respiratory diseases. Children are most vulnerable to
passive smoking, especially if they already have preexisting
lung disease. Cigarette advertising has been implicated in
the increasing incidence and prevalence of smoking,
especially in children. The majority (96%) of 11?15-
year-olds can recall cigarette advertising, and 56% can name
one sport linked with cigarette advertising.
There have been several papers looking at the incidence,
prevalence and effects of active and passive smoking in the
cystic fibrosis (CF) population. This paper reviews the
current literature on active and passive smoking in cystic
fibrosis and reports the findings of a recent questionnaire to
adult CF patients attending the Manchester Unit. The
survey details the levels of active and passive smoking in CF
patients and their parents, the perceptions of how smoking
affects their health, and provides recommendations for care
and cessation.
Abstract MP65: High Mobile Device Usage Associated With Sedentary Behaviors and Less Physical Activity in 6th Grade Students
Authors: Lauren Gordon, Rachel Sylvester, Robert Rogers, Wen-Ching Wei, Alexandra Pew, Qingmei Jiang, Eva Kline-Rogers, Caren Goldberg, Jean DuRussel-Weston, Kim A Eagle, Elizabeth A Jackson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Sedentary screen time (including TV, computer and video games) has been correlated with childhood obesity and other health risks. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children limit their daily screen time to two hours in order to reduce the associated risk. Mobile device use has become increasingly popular amongst children and adolescents. However, mobile screen time (cell phone and tablet use) and its effect on physical activity in adolescents has yet to be thoroughly researched. Methods: Self-reported survey data were collected from 2,566 6th grade students enrolled in Project Healthy Schools during the 2013-2014 school year. Based on AAP guidelines, we split our sample into low mobile device users (≤2 hours/day) and high mobile device users (&gt;2 hours/day). We compared physical activity, sports team participation and screen time habits between groups. Results: 20.73% (n=532) of the 6th graders surveyed reported being high mobile device users. 60.5% (n=322) of these were female; 39.5% (n=210) were male. In addition to &gt;2 hours/day on a mobile device, these students spent significantly more time watching TV (2.30 v 1.70, p&lt;0.001), on the computer (1.39 v 0.88, p&lt;0.001), and playing video games (1.47 v 1.01, p&lt;0.001) than low mobile device users. Low mobile device users participated in significantly more strengthening exercises (2.80 v 2.62, p=0.046) and outside of school sports teams (1.20 v 1.09, p=0.03) than high mobile device users. Conclusions: A large percentage of middle school students (20.73%) reported spending more time on a mobile device than recommended by the AAP. High mobile device usage appears to be associated with less physical activity and more sedentary behaviors. This illustrates the need to educate children and encourage the reduction of time spent on a mobile device.