tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Effectiveness
Authors: Markus J. Steiner
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextUnintended pregnancy remains a major public health concern in the United States. Information on pregnancy rates among contraceptive users is needed to guide medical professionals' recommendations and individuals' choices of contraceptive methods.MethodsData were taken from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the 1994-1995 Abortion Patient Survey (APS). Hazards models were used to estimate method-specific contraceptive failure rates during the first six months and during the first year of contraceptive use for all U.S. women. In addition, rates were corrected to take into account the underreporting of induced abortion in the NSFG. Corrected 12-month failure rates were also estimated for subgroups of women by age, union status, poverty level, race or ethnicity, and religion.ResultsWhen contraceptive methods are ranked by effectiveness over the first 12 months of use (corrected for abortion underreporting), the implant and injectables have the lowest failure rates (2-4%), followed by the pill (9%), the diaphragm and the cervical cap (13%), the male condom (15%), periodic abstinence (22%), withdrawal (26%) and spermicides (28%). In general, failure rates are highest among cohabiting and other unmarried women, among those with an annual family income below 200% of the federal poverty level, among black and Hispanic women, among adolescents and among women in their 20s. For example, adolescent women who are not married but are cohabiting experience a failure rate of about 47% in the first year of contraceptive use, while the 12-month failure rate among married women aged 30 and older is only 8%. Black women have a contraceptive failure rate of about 20%, and this rate does not vary by family income; in contrast, overall 12-month rates are lower among Hispanic women (16%) and white women (11%), but vary by income, with poorer women having substantially greater failure rates than more affluent women.ConclusionsLevels of contraceptive failure vary widely by method, as well as by personal and background characteristics. Income's strong influence on contraceptive failure suggests that access barriers and the general disadvantage associated with poverty seriously impede effective contraceptive practice in the United States.
SCARB2 and CSNK1 double negative mRNA expression seems to be predictive of the presence of non-compromised lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fatima S. Pasini, Simone Maistro, Cristina Mm Campofiorito, Flavia Rr Mangone, Fernando Walder, Carlos N. Lehn, Marcos B. Carvalho, Paulo Cc Santos, Maria M. Brentani, Miriam Hh Federico
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4472 

Our objective in this study was to identify cellular genes, predictive of the presence of lymph node metastasis or poor outcome in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We first identified a panel of differentially expressed genes in primary oral tumors obtained from patients with/without compromised lymph nodes (pN+/pN0) and pN0 adjacent mucosa by means of RTPCR differential display (DDRT-PCR). Of the 99 recovered cDNAs, 66 matched and 10 did not match any of the genes/ESTs deposited at GenBank. After pre-validation, done for 31 cDNAs using RNA pools, one extracted of 3 pN0 and another of 3 pN+ primary oral tumors, by using reverse Northern hybridization, 15 genes were selected as over expressed in tumors pN+ (ratio pN+/pN0 relative densitometrico values ranging: 2 to 9 fold) and six genes were down regulated in tumor pN+ (ratio pN+/pN0 densitometric values below 60%). Validation analysis, done for twelve chosen genes were validated in 49 patients with OSCC, by using Northern blot or Real time PCR. We confirmed that the scavenger receptor class B type II (SCARB2) and casein kinase 1alpha 1 (CSNK1A1) (p = 0.012 and 0.037, respectively by Mann-Whitney U-test) were found up-regulated whereas small proline rich protein 2B (SPRR2B) and Ras-GTPase activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (G3BP2) (p = 0.015 for both) were down regulated in pN+ tumors as compared to pN0. In addition, we found a relationship between the positive expression (above tumor median) of SCARB2 or CSNK1A1 or G3BP2 negativity (bellow or equal tumor median) and the presence of compromised lymph nodes (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.01, p = 0.025 and p = 0.043, respectively). Even if none of these markers, SCARB2, CSNK1A1 and G3BP2, were confirmed as independent predictors of the presence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.06, p = 0.066 and p = 0.057, respectively), patients double negative for SCARB2 and CSNK1A1 presented a lower risk for the presence of compromised lymph nodes as compared to patients positive for both markers (OR: 0.075, CI 95%: 0.012 - 0.457, p = 0.005). Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients negative for G3BP2 or SPRR2B presented shorter survival than correspondent positive patients (p = 0.01 and p = 0.039, respectively, by log-rank test, univariate analysis). We suggest SCARB2 and CSNK1A1 mRNA expression as well as of SPRR2B and G3BP2 expression be further explored as predictive of lymph nodal status or of outcome, respectively, in oral SCC. Supported by FAPESP 02/01738-9.
The effectiveness of inhaled steroids as first-line therapy in the treatment of newly detected asthma in the open population
Authors: P.R.S. Tirimanna, P.M. van Grunsven, G. van den Boom, C.P. van Schayck, H.T.M. Folgering, R.P. Akkermans, C.L.A. van Herwaarden, C. van Weel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)
Mediterranean Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Mortality
Authors: Alvaro Alonso, Miguel A Martínez-González
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular mechanism for duplication 17p11.2— the homologous recombination reciprocal of the Smith-Magenis microdeletion
Authors: Lorraine Potocki, Ken-Shiung Chen, Sung-Sup Park, Doreen E. Osterholm, Marjorie A. Withers, Virginia Kimonis, Anne M. Summers, Wendy S. Meschino, Kwame Anyane-Yeboa, Catherine D. Kashork, Lisa G. Shaffer, James R. Lupski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Methylation analysis of the promoter region of Septin 9 - a novel biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer.
Authors: Xiaoling Song, Joern Lewin, Fabian Model, Reimo Tetzner, Theo DeVos, Matthias Schuster, Andrew Sledziewski, Catherine Lofton-Day
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A44   Background: Recently, we described a real-time PCR assay for analysis of Septin 9 gene methylation in DNA extracted from plasma (C. Lofton-Day et al, AACR Annual Meeting 2006, abstract # LB-224). Clinical performance of the Septin 9 test, prevalidated on two large independent sample sets, showed specificity of 95% with sensitivity in the range of 50-60%. Here we report a detailed analysis of Septin 9 gene methylation by cloned bisulfite sequencing.Methods: Colorectal tumor tissue samples were obtained from patients following surgery, and whole blood was obtained from age matched healthy donors. DNA was extracted using standard methods and methylation information was preserved by deamination of unmethylated cytosines using sodium bisulfite treatment. PCR amplicons were designed spanning several CpG-dense regions of interest, and the bisulfite converted DNA was amplified and cloned into a TA cloning vector. Multiple independent clones were sequenced for the amplicons from each tissue or blood sample. Methylation status was analyzed using ESME software.Results: Previous analysis of Septin 9 gene organization indicates a complex alternative splicing pattern creating multiple mRNA transcripts (Oncogene, 2001; 20:5930-9). At least two CpG islands within or near the gene are located in potential promoter regions of alternative transcripts. We analyzed regions with high CpG content associated with different splice variants of the Septin 9 gene by cloned bisulfite sequencing. Several regions of the Septin 9 gene were heavily co-methylated in colorectal cancer tissue with virtually no methylation present in the whole blood DNA derived from healthy individuals.Conclusion: Bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed aberrant methylation of colorectal cancer tissue in several regions of the Septin 9 gene. A preferred site of the Septin 9 gene was identified for real-time PCR methylation analysis of colorectal cancer that shows extensive co-methylation in colorectal cancer tissue with no co-methylation present in DNA from healthy whole blood specimen.
Abstract 19927: Over-Treatment with Oral Anticoagulants of Non Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Low Risk of Stroke: The ARAPACIS Study
Authors: Francesca Santilli, Valeria Raparelli, Marco Proietti, Gino R Corazza, Francesco Perticone, Pasquale Pignatelli, Giovanni Davì, Francesco Violi, Stefania Basili
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Underuse of oral anticoagulants is quite common in patients with non-valvular Atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at high risk of stroke; less is known on adequacy of treatment in “low-risk” patients (CHA2DS2-VASc score  From October 2010 to October 2012, 2,027 patients entered the study. Three-hundred-sixteen had CHA2DS2-VASc score  Fifty-six percent of patients with at least 1 stroke risk factor (CHA2DS2-VASc score=1) received oral anticoagulants (OAC), with a significant trend for higher use in those with Permanent NVAF (45%). Twenty-five percent did not receive any anti-thrombotic therapy and 19% received antiplatelet agents (APs); in these two groups patients were enrolled with paroxysmal AF in the 76% of the cases.  Among “truly low-risk” patients, i.e. patients without any CHA2DS2-VASc stroke risk factor, we observed that only one-third (33%) did not receive any anti-thrombotic treatment. Oral anticoagulation was used in 54% and APs in 13% of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0. The choice of treatment was independent of the type of atrial fibrillation.  Overall, antithrombotic therapy seen in NVAF patients with “truly low-risk” for stroke suggests a partial adherence to recommendations, which is consistent with other similar registries which used the CHA2DS2 score. Even using a score that better identifies the “truly low-risk” patients, the study shows an over-treatment with oral anticoagulants of AF patients at low risk of stroke.
Nutrition, dietary guidelines and optimal periodontal health
Authors: Elizabeth K. Kaye
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)

Abstract Dietary nutrients may serve as antioxidants, co‐enzymes in energy production and metabolic processes, and components of tissue structures that keep the body’s systems functioning properly and maintain good overall health, including oral health. Nutrients that are thought to be especially important for maintaining the periodontium have been the focus of epidemiological studies for many years. However, such research has not consistently found significant associations between periodontal disease incidence or prevalence and the intake levels of these and other nutrients. To date, there is insufficient evidence that current dietary intake recommendations and guidelines need to be changed in order to promote optimal periodontal health. It is important to consider the range of nutrient intakes or biomarkers in any given study population and how they relate to recommended levels when evaluating the evidence. This information is often lacking in studies of nutritional associations in periodontal research. A number of methodological issues may arise in terms of study design, data collection and analysis of dietary data, and these may affect the interpretation of epidemiological study results and the ability to draw inferences and reach conclusions about appropriate dietary recommendations. These issues are critically reviewed.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Platelet Glycoprotein Ia and the Risk for Premature Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Charalambos Antoniades, Dimitris Tousoulis, Carmen Vasiliadou, Elli Stefanadi, Kyriakoula Marinou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Clinically Atypical Granular Corneal Dystrophy with Pathologic Features of Lattice-like Amyloid Deposits
Authors: Robert Folberg, Eduardo Alfonso, J. Oscar Croxatto, Neil G. Driezen, Noorjahan Panjwani, Peter R. Laibson, S. Arthur Boruchoff, Jules Baum, Enrique S. Malbran, Roberto Fernandez-Meijide, Joseph A. Morrison, Vitaliano B. Bernardino, Violetta V. Arbizo, Daniel M. Albert
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)
Effects of Single-Dose Interleukin-12 Exposure on Interleukin-12–Associated Toxicity and Interferon-γ Production
Authors: John P. Leonard, Matthew L. Sherman, Gerald L. Fisher, Lynn J. Buchanan, Glenn Larsen, Michael B. Atkins, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Janice P. Dutcher, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, John L. Ryan
Journal: Blood (1997)
529. rAAV Mediated Parkin Expression Confers Some Protection in the Rat 6-OHDA Lesion Model
Authors: Fredric P. Manfredsson, Alfred S. Lewin, Ronald J. Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common and severe neurodegenerative disease. Although the cause of the idiopathic disease is yet to be found, recent genetic studies have implicated parkin in autosomal-recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease (AR-JP). Subsequent studies identified parkin as an E3 ligase involved in ubiquitin dependent proteasomal processing, suggesting that an unfolded protein response may be one cause of cell death in PD. In this study we injected adult female rats with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing human parkin or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Six weeks following the initial injection the animals were subjected to a strong 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) lesion ipsilateral to the parkin injection. Subsequent amphetamine induced rotational studies indicate that parkin may confer some protection against the effects of the lesion as compared to control. These results are promising and future studies with weaker type lesions will be done in order to fully assess the potential of cell rescue with parkin.
636. Reversal of Hypothalamic Diabetes Insipidus Using EIAV-Based Regulatable Lentiviral Vectors Expressing Arginine Vasopressin
Authors: Alison Bienemann, Pippa Radcliffe, Kyri Mitrophanous, Colin Glover, Nicholas Mazarakis, James Uney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Lentiviral vectors, such as the Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus (EIAV)-based vectors, have the potential to be used in the clinic for a number of gene therapy applications. Efficient gene transfer using EIAV vectors and long-term expression has been demonstrated in vivo in the central nervous system. Hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder that affects water balance in humans. The cause of DI is the lack of the water retaining hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) produced by magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus. AVP is secreted from the pituitary gland into the blood stream and acts on the kidney causing water reabsorption. In the AVP-deficient Brattleboro rat, as a result of a single mutation, AVP is not produced thus causing copious water intake and secretion of dilute urine. This genetic animal model allows the non-invasive monitoring of the efficacy of gene therapy strategies to treat DI (1). In this study, self-inactivating (SIN) minimal EIAV vector genomes with enhanced transduction efficiency (SMART vectors) have been used to express rat AVP. Vector particles were bilaterally injected into the (SON) in the hypothalamus of the Brattleboro rat model of DI. The EIAV-AVP treated animals show a dramatic reduction of daily water intake and urine volume output compared to control animals (injected with EIAV-GFP), reaching levels very similar to the ones observed in the Long Evans (wild type) rats. AVP is also detected in the urine of EIAV-AVP treated animals. These observations indicate that the hormone is now produced in the SON and released in the blood stream where it is correcting water balance. We observed reversal of the phenotype for one year, which is longer and more effective than that obtained with any previous gene therapy interventions. We have also developed tetracycline regulatable (single-vector) lentiviral systems and data showing that AVP expression can be increased following the addition of doxycycline will also be presented.
The AMA Health Insurance Proposal—Reply
Authors: Donald J. Palmisano, David W. Emmons
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
5-Azacytidine
Authors: DANIEL D. VON HOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Clinical studies involving 5-azacytidine, a ring analogue of cytidine, began in Europe in 1967 and the United States in 1970, and we review available preclinical and clinical studies here. The drug possesses cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, abortive, and mutagenic activity in various biological systems. 5-Azacytidine is thought to exert its antineoplastic effect through interference with nucleic acid metabolism. The dose-limiting toxicities are nausea, vomiting, and leukopenia, while the incidence of thrombocytopenia is low. Hepatic toxicity ranges from abnormal findings in liver function tests to hepatic coma. Clinical results in solid tumors are not encouraging, but 5-azacytidine shows consistent antitumor activity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia resistant to previous treatment. An overall response rate of 36%, with 20% complete remissions, was achieved in 200 previously treated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Further studies must define the role of 5-azacytidine alone and in combination for the first-line treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.
Molecular pathophysiology of portal hypertension
Authors: Mercedes Fernandez
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Over the past two decades the advances in molecular cell biology have led to significant discoveries about the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PHT). In particular, great progress has been made in the study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR) in cirrhosis. We now know that the increased IHVR is not irreversible, but that both the structural component caused by fibrosis and the active component caused by hepatic sinusoidal constriction can be, at least partially, reversed. Indeed, it is now apparent that the activation of perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells, which is a key event mediating the augmented IHVR, is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways that could be potential therapeutic targets for PHT treatment. Furthermore, the complexity of the molecular physiology of PHT can also be appreciated when one considers the complex signals capable of inducing vasodilatation and hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors in the splanchnic vascular bed, with several vasoactive molecules, controlled at multiple levels, working together to mediate these circulatory abnormalities. Added to the complexity is the occurrence of pathological angiogenesis during the course of disease progression, with recent emphasis given to understanding its molecular machinery and regulation. Although much remains to be learned, with the current availability of reagents and new technologies and the exchange of concepts and data among investigators, our knowledge of the molecular basis of PHT will doubtless continue to grow, accelerating the transfer of knowledge generated by basic research to clinical practice. This will hopefully permit a better future for patients with PHT. (H epatology 2015;61:1406–1415)
A case of indium lung proven by surgical lung biopsy and electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Hiroaki Tsukamoto, Tetsuji Kawamura, Yasutaka Onishi, Sachiko Shiraishi, Tomohiro Kato, Rinko Katsuta, Ryogo Kagami, Kenji Hanaoka, Yasuyuki Mizumori, Yoko Yokoi, Akie Morimoto, Shin Sasaki, Yasuharu Nakahara, Yoshiro Mochizuki, Yoichiro Kobashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is necessary for the manufacture of liquid-crystal displays. Pulmonary disease caused by ITO (indium lung) has been published in several reports. Here we present a case of indium lung in a young male diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of intrapulmonary metal deposits.     A 39 year old current smoker (21 pack years), who worked as an engineer in a liquid-crystal display factory and engaged in ITO-grinding work for 18 years, was introduced to our hospital because of a high serum indium level (16.87mg/L) at a health check.  He had no abnormal symptoms, and laboratory tests were normal other than a slight elevation in KL-6 (593 U/ml). Pulmonary function tests revealed low FEV1/ FVC (48.2%) and low diffusion capacity (63.4% predicted). Chest CT showed diffuse emphysema and mild interstitial abnormalities in the lower lung field. A thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed and histopathology revealed centrilobular fibrosis with metal deposits, cholesterol clefts and foreign body giant cells. Emphysematous tissue was also observed, but considered not to be due to tobacco smoking. The presence of indium and tin in the lung tissue was demonstrated by EPMA.     Lung biopsy and EPMA are reliable methods in the diagnosis of indium lung.