tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for cancer in venous thromboembolic disease
Authors: T. Fennerty
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The association between cancer and venous thrombosis has long been recognised. 1 2 Though venous thrombosis is a well known complication of established cancer, it might also be a marker of an otherwise occult cancer. If so, this raises the issue of whether otherwise healthy patients presenting with a venous thromboembolic event should be investigated for a possible underlying cancer on the grounds that a cancer diagnosed early may be more amenable to cure.

Whether screening for an underlying cancer is a good use of resources will depend on how common such cancers are; the cost, accuracy, and acceptability of the screening tests; and, most important, whether early detection of such cancers would improve patient outcome.

Large prospective studies of patients presenting with venous thromboembolic disease, linking hospital records with national cancer registers, find an incidence of previously undiagnosed cancer of 4-6.5%, giving standardised incidence ratios of 1.3-3.2.3-5 Smaller retrospective and prospective studies looking particularly at patients with no obvious risk factors for their thrombosis find higher incidences of cancer, of 7.3-12% compared with 1.9-2.9% for patients with risk factors.6-8 In these studies patients were not specifically investigated for an …
The effect of variable environmental arsenic contamination on urinary concentrations of arsenic species.
Authors: D A Kalman, J Hughes, G van Belle, T Burbacher, D Bolgiano, K Coble, N K Mottet, L Polissar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Urinary arsenic species have been determined for approximately 3000 urine samples obtained from residents of a community surrounding an arsenic-emitting copper smelter. Levels of inorganic, monomethylated and dimethylated arsenic species ranged from less than 1 microgram/L (the instrumental detection limit) to 180 micrograms/L seen for dimethyl arsenic. Comparison of a subsample of this population that had the least environmental contamination with the subsample having highest environmental arsenic concentrations showed small but statistically significant differences in urinary arsenic levels for all species except dimethylated arsenic. However, for children under 7 years of age living in areas with increased environmental arsenic contamination, there was a larger and equally significant (p less than 0.001) increase in all urinary species. This effect was more pronounced in males (5-fold increase in median sum of species concentration over control group) than in females (2-fold increase in median sum of species concentration over control group) and was observed as a weaker effect in the next higher age group (7-13 years of age). Reported consumption of seafood also was significantly related to increased urinary dimethyl arsenic, but changes in distribution among the urinary arsenic species detected was not a sensitive indicator of recent seafood consumption.
The Iridescence of Old Ladies
Authors: John McClenahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

On Being a Doctor1 February 2005The Iridescence of Old LadiesJohn McClenahan, MDJohn McClenahan, MDFrom Richmond, VA 23226.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When she was 74 years old, Mrs. V. withdrew to Heavenly Rest in suburban Philadelphia, a flat, tidy nursing home of cinderblock design calling to mind a small hosiery mill. Parking is provided. A bed of marigolds, a glassed-in vestibule, gray linoleum, Naugahyde settees, a receptionist in a cerise smock. The air is close, faintly ammoniacal. Guests align the walls in wheelchairs, some drowsy, some in an attitude of listening. The women's hair is thinning; their cheeks pale as candles. Men wear gray wrappers, exposing their knees.I'm issued a pass and directions to Room 147. A nurse's aide meets ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Richmond, VA 23226.Corresponding Author: John McClenahan, MD, 4703 Pocahontas Avenue, Richmond, VA 23226; e-mail, [email protected]net. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 3Page: 224KeywordsChildrenChocolateEmotionsKneesNursesNursing homesSweatTeaThoraxWheelchairs ePublished: 1 February 2005 Issue Published: 1 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects on Blood Pressure, Glucose, and Lipid Levels of High-Monounsaturated Fat Diet Compared With a High-Carbohydrate Diet in NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Ole W Rasmussen, Claus Thomsen, Klavs W Hansen, Margit Vesterlund, Eva Winther, Kjeld Hermansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To compare the influence on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with an isocaloric, highcarbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied. The patients were randomly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50% of energy as carbohydrate and 30% of energy as fat (10% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids) or an isocaloric diet with 30% of energy as carbohydrate and 50% of energy as fat (30% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids). On the last day of the two diets, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose, hormones, and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates. RESULTS The diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced daytime systolic (131 ± 3 vs. 137 ± 3 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.04) and 24-h systolic blood pressure (126 ± 8 vs. 130 ± 10 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.03) as well as daytime diastolic (78 ± 2 vs. 84 ± 2 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.02) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure (75 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 5 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.03) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence of lowered blood glucose levels on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the highcarbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 6.8 ± 0.5 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.05), lower average blood glucose levels (7.4 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.6 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.04), and peak blood glucose responses (9.9 ± 0.6 vs. 11.3 ± 0.7 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.02). The two diets had the same impact on lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in monounsaturated fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected.
What should be done to mitigate groundwater contamination?
Authors: R Patrick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Groundwater contamination is a serious problem that is growing in the United States, but its true extent is not known and it is difficult to determine because of the complexities of contaminants, their transformation, and fate in groundwater systems. It is also difficult to predict their movement in groundwater. Since we know that the problem is serious and that our needs for groundwater will grow, the mitigation of groundwater contamination, despite the high cost, is necessary. Furthermore, it is very difficult to predict effects on human health because they have not been defined for many of the chemicals. Antagonism and synergistic effects of interacting chemicals have not been determined because they are complicated by many factors, for example, volatile organic compounds. The effects of leachates in groundwaters entering streams on the riverine environment and aquatic life have not been determined. Successful mitigation requires that we determine which microbial and chemical contaminants are the most serious threats to human health, develop the technology to biologically, chemically, and physically transform hazardous waste into nonhazardous materials; develop the technology to properly contain hazardous materials and to remediate contamination, and determine the effects of those hazardous materials on soils and water microorganisms and macroorganisms. Our challenge is how can we immobilize or destroy groundwater contaminants so that they will not enter groundwater, or if they enter groundwater, are confined and destroyed.
Clinical Follow-up of 193-nm ArF Excimer Laser Photokeratectomy
Authors: Walter J. Stark, Wallace Chamon, Mary T. Kamp, Cheryl L. Enger, Erik V. Rencs, John D. Gottsh
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The excimer laser has been undergoing rapid development for clinical use since the early 1980s. The authors report 2-year follow-up results from studies in 31 eyes (15 women and 14 men) to evaluate the excimer laser in performing photokeratectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: 27 eyes (group 1) underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy, and 4 eyes (group 2) underwent photorefractive keratectomy. Visual function improved in 21 of 27 eyes in group 1 and in 2 of 4 eyes in group 2. Complications were minimal and manageable. The authors describe a procedure to minimize induced hyperopia in phototherapeutic keratectomy patients, and, although not statistically significant, less induced hyperopia was noted in these patients. Photokeratectomy may be an alternative to penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty and more invasive refractive procedures, but the long-term effects must be carefully observed. The excimer laser has been undergoing rapid development for clinical use since the early 1980s. The authors report 2-year follow-up results from studies in 31 eyes (15 women and 14 men) to evaluate the excimer laser in performing photokeratectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: 27 eyes (group 1) underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy, and 4 eyes (group 2) underwent photorefractive keratectomy. Visual function improved in 21 of 27 eyes in group 1 and in 2 of 4 eyes in group 2. Complications were minimal and manageable. The authors describe a procedure to minimize induced hyperopia in phototherapeutic keratectomy patients, and, although not statistically significant, less induced hyperopia was noted in these patients. Photokeratectomy may be an alternative to penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty and more invasive refractive procedures, but the long-term effects must be carefully observed.
Cyclodextrin-derived pH-responsive nanoparticles for delivery of paclitaxel
Authors: Hongmei He, Sha Chen, Jianzhi Zhou, Yin Dou, Liu Song, Ling Che, Xing Zhou, Xin Chen, Yi Jia, Jianxiang Zhang, Shuhui Li, Xiaohui Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Nitroglycerin to Unmask Reversible Asynergy Correlation with Post Coronary Bypass Ventriculography
Authors: RICHARD H. HELFANT, ROGELIO PINE, STEVEN G. MEISTER, MICHAEL S. FELDMAN, ROBERT G. TROUT, VIDYA S. BANKA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The value of nitroglycerin in determining the potential reversibility of asynergy was examined in 35 patients with coronary heart disease. Ventriculograms performed at rest and after sublingual nitroglycerin were analyzed for (1) location of asynergy relative to distribution of the 3 major coronary arteries and (2) severity of asynergy. Of the 41 hypokinetic zones, 30(73%) improved following nitroglycerin. Of 28 akinetic zones, 16 (57%) improved (7 of the 16 segments becoming normal) following nitroglycerin. None of 7 dyskinetic zones showed change following nitroglycerin. Twelve patients were restudied following coronary bypass surgery. There was an excellent over-all correlation between the segments that responded to nitroglycerin and bypass surgery in those segments with open grafts. Eighteen segments which improved following nitroglycerin had patent postoperative grafts, and in 15 segments there was a corresponding improvement following bypass surgery. Two segments which were unresponsive to nitroglycerin preoperatively had patent postoperative bypass grafts. Neither segment improved despite graft patency. In summary, sublingual nitroglycerin is useful in unmasking residual contractile ability in asynergic zones. A positive response to nitroglycerin appears to be predictive of corresponding beneficial effect from a coronary bypass graft. The data strongly suggest that the use of nitroglycerin to determine residual contractile ability may be of considerable value in better defining the potential risks and benefits of coronary bypass surgery.
Basic Hemodynamic Changes Produced by Aortic Coarctation of Different Degrees
Authors: TRILOK CHAND GUPTA, CARL J. WIGGERS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Basic hemodynamic studies on experimental coarctation of the aorta just beyond the left subclavian artery have revealed that hitherto unsuspected physical and physiologic factors are involved in creation of hypertension above a coarctation and in changes of pressure pulses below such a lesion. The effects are by no means explained by an increased resistance at the coarctation, as is generally believed. This communication analyzes the roles that changes in capacity and distensibility of the aortic compression chamber and increase in systolic discharge of the left ventricle play in the production of aortic hypertension, and discusses the physiologic compensations in blood flow by which an adequate return to the right heart is maintained despite extreme reduction in flow through the inferior cava. This communication also deals with the ways in which the pressure relations in the lower aorta and femoral artery are altered from the normal, emphasizing the relative shares that damping of the pulse wave and reduced input into the lower aorta play with different degrees of coarctation. The changing characteristics of the murmurs with progressive aortic constriction are also analyzed. The conclusion is reached that all the dynamic changes found in experimental and human coarctation are adequately explained without the assumption of accessory vasoconstriction through reflex or humoral agencies.
THE ETIOLOGY OF LICHEN PLANUS
Authors: ERNEST DWIGHT CHIPMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In discussing  etiology of lichen planus most writers have been content to enumerate certain generalities as to age, sex and environment, and to epitomize our ignorance in some such phrase as the exact etiology is unknown or the causes are obscure. Of those who take a definite stand on  question, some hold  view that  disease is connected with infectious microbic agents or that it is due to a toxemia, while others believe it simply  outward expression of deranged nerves, a condition resulting from overwork, grief, worry or emotional crises.  VIEWS HELD REGARDING THE ETIOLOGY  In Great Britain, Norman Walker believes  anatomic appearances suggest an infective inflammation and cites a severe case of lichen in a professional golfer, inferentially indicating that  disease is not due to nerves because occurring in one who typifies  phlegmatic temperament; Malcom Morris, on  contrary, places lichen frankly
A British Medical Association Lecture ON BILIARY INFECTIONS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIAGNOSIS
Authors: D. P. D. Wilkie
Journal: BMJ (1924)

ACCUIRATE diagnosis and appropriate treatment must ever rest on a sound knowledge of pathology.In the case of some abdominal maladies diagnosis and treatment would appear to have advanced somewhat hastily beyond the controlling limits of ascertained pathological fact: not so in biliary infections.To the frequency of such infections all pathologists and surgeons will bear witness.We are only beginning to realize how much chronic ill health is attri- butable to such infections and how many fatal complica- tions may supervene in the neglected cases.Our aim should be to prevent the development and establishment of such chronic infective processes in the biliary tract, and, where this is not possible, to reach an earlv diagnosis and recom- mend appropriate treatment before complications have developed and irretrievable damage has been done.ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY.Certain points in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the biliary tract require emphasis, as they form the essential basis for a correct interpretation of symptoms.
Chernobyl 10 years on
Authors: D. L Henshaw
Journal: BMJ (1996)

banning smoking in restaurants depresses patronage.A three year survey from the Centers for Disease Control of eight res- taurants in a suburb ofAustin, Texas, found a slight increase in restaurant sales after a local ordinance requiring restaurants to be smoke free took effect.7In Massachussets, more upmarket establishments may have actually increased takings.8The largest of the studies found no significant differences in restaurant sales between 34 communities that banned restaurant smoking and 102 communities that had not.9A former president of the Beverly Hills [California] Restau- rant Association, formed by the tobacco industry to oppose the 1988 legislation, later testified before the New York City Council.He said, "The tobacco industry repeatedly claimed that Beverly Hills restaurants suffered a decline in revenues.Sales tax data, however, showed an increase.I regret my participation."'0Arbitrary "magic line" divisions between smoking and nonsmoking sections in restaurants are popular concessions to "progress."But a non-smoking section in a restaurant is about as meaningful as a non-urinating section in a swimming pool.While such sections have reduced levels of environmental tobacco smoke, they do not eliminate it.A study of seven restaurants that restricted smoking to one third of the seating area found mean concentrations of respirable suspended particles and nicotine were 40% and 65% lower, respectively, in the non-smoking than in the smoking sections.11British industry's self regulatory dawdle toward smoke free restaurants and workplaces is evident in the National Opinion Poll report.'The sawdust commonly found on cafe floors of the last century, placed-along with spittoons in more genteel establishments-to soak up spittle, are things of the past thanks to concerns about public health.2The same cannot be said of smoke filled rooms, where lack of political will is making a mockery of Britain's national smoke free target.
Effect of Frusemide on Calcium Excretion
Authors: J. A. Tambyah, M. K. L. Lim
Journal: BMJ (1969)

After giving oral frusemide (Lasix) to 14 normal volunteers significant hypercalciuria occurred in all of them. This could not be accounted for by any change in glomerular filtration rate, but was possibly due to decreased tubular reabsorption.
It's conference time again
Authors: D. Llewellyn-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Another glossy brochure arrived in the mail today telling me that an international conference was to be held next year. The cover showed a glamorous colour picture of a North American city. Two years ago I had attended the previous international conference in a large city in South East Asia. The next one would be in Europe.

I opened the A4 sized brochure and found the list of topics to be discussed. Looked interesting. I turned the page and found that 30 invited speakers would present papers at plenary or main sessions. Their names seemed familiar. I remembered that at least two thirds of them had been at the previous conference. They were on the conference circuit, suitably recompensed. No registration fee, business class air fare. I knew many of them--most were good communicators, had good slides, and were eminently verbal but would they really have something new to say? I doubted it. If there was anything of value it had been or would be published and accessible much more cheaply. The brochure told me that there would also be concurrent sessions, free communications, and poster sessions.

The organisers expected at least 6000 delegates. Delegates? Delegates representing whom? No, the people who would pay good money to attend …
Description and basic cell kinetics of the murine pericryptal fibroblast sheath.
Authors: J V Neal, C S Potten
Journal: Gut (1981)

The size of the pericryptal fibroblast sheath (PCFS) population was determined by scoring serial sections. There are 38 and 124 PCFS cells per murine small intestinal and colonic crypt, respectively. The cells of the PCFS are slightly weighted towards the lower two-thirds of the crypt in their distribution. The ratio of epithelial cells to PCFS cells is approximately 6.5:1. The in vivo cell kinetics were analysed under control and stressed (fasted-refed) conditions. The control labelling index increases from 8.9% in the small intestine and 7.0% in the colon to peaks 49% and 113% respectively above these values 24 hours after 3HTdR administration. Labelling is observed at all crypt levels equally, and no evidence of vertical migration of labelled PCFS cells was found. Colonic epithelial and PCFS cells show a similar pattern of response to feeding after a fast of 72 hours with respect to time, but a different distribution of response in terms of crypt position.
A NEW FARADIC BATTERY AND ITS USE.
Authors: ROBERT NEWMAN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read before the Section of Practice of Medicine of the American Medical Association at Washington, May 8, 1884. The object of this paper is to urge the necessity of having a reliable faradic battery ready to work, at a moment's notice, in every practitioner's office; and to exhibit here a new improvement, which promises the completion of this desideratum. The faradic current of electricity acts chiefly "mechanical." From reports of clinical cases, it seems that it has other qualities, which at present are not sufficiently defined, but unquestionably the principal action is "mechanical." It is a mistaken idea, which some entertain, that a faradic battery has some galvanic action, because one part of such a battery consists of one or two cells. The patient never gets an effect from these cells, as they act solely as a motor power to the induction coil; and never can give galvanism. The faradic
Fate of infants with severe coarctation of aorta treated early with balloon angioplasty: A 19-year study
Authors: JoséSuárez de Lezo, Alfonso Medina, Manuel Pan, Miguel Romero, José Segura, Luis Burgos, Antonio Delgado, Djordje Pavlovic, Marcos Rodriguez, Juan Muñoz, Carmen Rus, Federico Segura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Thermoregulation in Fever.
Authors: James D. Hardy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Thermoregulation in Fever.James D. Hardy, M.D.James D. Hardy, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-735_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA systems approach to the physiological thermoregulator which controls the human body temperature indicates that the regulator has at least three (and possibly more) sets of thermal sensors operating in parallel. Physiological data from human and animal experiments point to thermoregulatory signals arising in the preoptic region of the brain stem, the respiratory tract, the skin and possibly the muscles. Each of these sensor systems respond to heating and cooling and have setpoints at different temperature levels. Different control constants and response times with respect to thermal stress appear to be characteristic of each system depending on whether the stress... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 735-735KeywordsBrainFeversMusclesRespiratory systemTemperature Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...