tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of exercise challenge on systemic inflammatory markers in healthy smokers and smokers with COPD
Authors: Olaf Holz, Stefan Roepcke, Henrik Watz, Gezim Lahu, Jens M. Hohlfeld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Physical inactivity is related to systemic inflammation in the general population and in COPD. Exercise induces the release of the “myokine” IL6 by muscle cells, which is considered beneficial and involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. We have recently shown that an exercise challenge changes the metabolic profile and biomarker signals in COPD (Holz et al. ATS 2014). Here we tested the effects of an exercise challenge on serum IL6, MPO and CRP in smokers with and without COPD (GOLD 2).

Twenty-two smokers with moderate COPD and 23 sex- and age-matched healthy smokers underwent up to 30min constant load exercise (75% of max. work load maintainable for at least 30sec) on 2 occasions separated by 4 weeks (second challenge n=20/19). Serum samples were obtained before, 5min after the start, at the end of exercise (due to exhaustion), and after additional 20min of rest.

Smokers with COPD showed significantly higher concentrations of serum IL6 and CRP before exercise compared to smoking controls, while no difference in MPO was observed between groups. The median exercise time until exhaustion was 10.5 and 9.5min in COPD and 19.0 and 24.0min in healthy smokers. Healthy smokers showed a significantly greater increase (%, end compared to pre-exercise) in serum IL6 (p=0.01) and CRP (p=0.05) and a larger decline (p=0.03) in serum MPO. A similar result was obtained when the % change per minute was compared between groups. The percent changes of IL6 correlated with the max. workload rate.

In summary, patients with COPD show a different response to exercise challenge that is characterized especially by an attenuated serum IL6 increase. The response to exercise challenge was repeatable.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as co morbidity (CO) in different patient categories in a university hospital setting. A cross sectional study
Authors: Helene Moeller Nielsen, Pernille Roedsgaard, Ulla Weinreich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

20% of the Danish adults suffers from COPD[1]. 50% of the patients are undiagnosed[1]. COPD patients have multiple CO[2].

To elucidate the frequency of COPD as CO among hospitalized patients. To investigate in which patient categories COPD is a frequent CO.

Aalborg University Hospital covers all medical and surgical specialities. A one day cross-sectional study was performed on patients > 18 years. A spirometry was performed. Smoking habits, prior lung function, prescribed lung medicine were recorded. Co-existing diagnoses were registered from case records.

Of 583 possible participants 194 couldn't/didn't wish to participate. 111 weren't present.12 were excluded. 215 participated, 28% (61/215) suffered from COPD (PC). 41% (25/61) of PC had 3 or more COs and 29% (45/153) patients without COPD (PwC) had 3 or more COs (p=0.05).

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PC suffer from significantly more CO than PwC. Gastrointestinal-, heamatologic-, and uro-nefrolocic diseases were found significantly more often in PC diagnosed at this examination than in general.

1) Lokke A et al: Ugeskrift for laeger 2007;169:3956

2) Fremault A et al: Chronic Pulmonary Disease 7:345-351.
Randomized phase II comparison of standard CHOP with weekly CHOP in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: R M Meyer, G P Browman, M L Samosh, A M Benger, D Bryant-Lukosius, W E Wilson, G L Frank, B F Leber, M S Sternbach, G A Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine whether modifying the standard regimen of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) from full doses given every 3 weeks to one-third doses given weekly (chop) increases the received chemotherapy dose-intensity in elderly patients with advanced-stage intermediate-grade lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consenting patients, age &gt; or = 65 years who had acceptable cardiac, renal, and liver function and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status less than 4, were stratified by bone marrow and performance status and randomized to receive standard CHOP or weekly chop. Drug doses were attenuated or escalated according to a defined dose-modification schedule. The primary outcome was average relative received dose-intensity. Secondary outcomes included response, progression-free and overall survival, toxicity, and performance status. RESULTS Nineteen patients were allocated to each group. No difference in received dose-intensity was seen. When dose-intensity was calculated for the first six cycles of therapy, average relative received dose-intensity was .92 with CHOP versus .89 with weekly chop (P = .5); when calculated for the first 18 weeks of therapy, values were .88 with CHOP versus .89 with weekly chop (P = .8). The complete response rate was 68% with CHOP versus 74% with weekly chop (P = .9). At 2 years, the progression-free survival rate was 57% with CHOP versus 46% with weekly chop (P = .16) and the survival rate was 74% with CHOP versus 51% with weekly chop (p = .05). More myelotoxicity was seen with CHOP. CONCLUSION We conclude that CHOP can be given in sufficient doses to elderly patients and that weekly chop does not increase received dose-intensity. Progression-free and overall survival are unlikely to be superior with weekly chop, and may be worse. CHOP should remain the standard against which new therapies for elderly patients with intermediate-grade lymphoma are compared.
Serum sialyl Tn as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: H Kobayashi, T Terao, Y Kawashima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Monoclonal antibody (moAB) TKH-2 directed to the tumor-associated O-linked sialyl 2-6-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl (sialyl Tn; STN) epitope was generated by immunization with ovine submaxillary mucin (Kjeldsen et al, Cancer Res 48:2214-2220, 1988). We investigated whether circulating serum levels of STN antigen might influence the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 126 healthy nonpregnant women, 157 patients with benign gynecologic disease, and 89 patients with histologically proven epithelial ovarian cancer. Circulating serum STN-antigen concentrations (U/mL) were determined by a competitive radioimmunoassay kit (Otsuka Assay Laboratories, Tokushima, Japan) in a one-step procedure. RESULTS Serum antigen levels were elevated in 48.3% of the patients. The levels of STN antigen were significantly higher in the sera of patients with cancer when compared with levels in benign and healthy controls (P less than .05). The 5-year survival rate for patients with STN-negative (serum STN levels less than 50.0 U/mL) versus STN-positive (greater than or equal to 50 U/mL) tumors was 76.9% versus 10.8%, respectively (P less than .05). The progression-free interval (PFI) at 5 years was 51.9% versus 5.4%, respectively (P less than .05). The overall survival probability and PFI were worse in patients with STN-positive sera. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that stage, residual tumor size, positive STN, performance status, and histologic grade were the five important variables for predicting overall survival. CONCLUSION We conclude that a positive STN-antigen level in sera is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer.
Effect of <italic>Corynebacterium parvum</italic> on Cytotoxicity of Regional and Nonregional Lymph Node Cells From Animals With Tumors Present or Removed<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
Authors: B Fisher, N Wolmark, J Coyle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)
Treatment of testicular cancer and the development of secondary malignancies.
Authors: C Bokemeyer, H J Schmoll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Secondary neoplasia represents one of the worst possible long-term complications of therapy for testicular cancer, frequently leading to death in patients cured of the primary malignancy. The frequency and importance of secondary malignant disease will be reviewed. METHODS The international literature was screened for reports concerning secondary solid cancers or leukemias in patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for malignant germ cell tumors. RESULTS Patients with testicular germ cell tumors appear to have a twofold significantly increased risk (range, 0.7 to 3.4) for the development of secondary neoplasia. Apart from contralateral testicular cancers, which are not treatment-related, a largely elevated inherited risk for secondary cancers in patients with germ cell tumors seems unlikely. Radiotherapy is associated with a two- to threefold increased risk for secondary solid tumors (range, 1.3 to 7.5). A three- to sevenfold increased risk seems to exist for the development of solid tumors arising in the previous irradiation ports, such as stomach, pancreatic, bladder, and renal cell cancer, and sarcomas. To date, no significantly elevated risk for secondary solid tumors was observed after chemotherapy, even including regimens with alkylating agents, eg, cisplatin and ifosfamide. However, the risk associated with chemotherapy needs to be reexamined when the median follow-up of studies will exceed more than 10 years. An increased relative risk for secondary leukemias after chemotherapy (range, 1.3 to 3.4) has been reported in three of eight studies with more than 300 patients. Four large studies indicate a significantly elevated risk (range, 15 to 25) for the use of conventional-dose etoposide (&lt; 2 g/m2 cumulative dose); however, with a 5-year cumulative incidence of less than 0.5% of all patients, this risk seems small. Concerning high-dose etoposide regimens (&gt; 2 g/m2), further studies are necessary. CONCLUSION Treatment for testicular cancer is associated with a small, but clearly identifiable, risk for secondary solid tumors that can be attributed to radiotherapy, and for secondary leukemia mainly associated with the use of chemotherapy. The frequency of secondary neoplasia observed is rather low, and in the light of the high cure rate, the risk for the individual patient appears negligible and should not alter current treatment strategies for metastatic testicular cancer.
First reported case of disseminated talaromyces marneffei infection in a lung transplant patient
Authors: Kuan Pin Lim, Melanie Lavender, Peter Boan, Cecily Metcalf, Kay-Vin Lam, Jeremy Wrobel, Michael Musk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  We describe a case of disseminated  Talaromyces marneffei  infection presenting with severe airway involvement in a lung transplant recipient.  T. marneffei  is a dimorphic fungus endemic to South East Asia and South China.   Findings:  A 41 year old Caucasian Australian lady with good graft function (BOS grade 0) 2 years 5 months post-bilateral sequential lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis presented with a mild cough and drop in FEV1 on routine follow-up. She had travelled to Vietnam 10 months ago.  CT thorax demonstrated bulky mediastinal and large left hilar adenopathy with compression of the lingular airway, a small left upper lobe cavitating nodule and enlarged subclavicular lymph nodes. All the lymph nodes and the nodule were highly FDG-avid on PET. Bronchoscopy revealed severe mucosal inflammation and oedema, with lingular occlusion. The findings were suspicious of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) or atypical infection.  Bronchial mucosal and supraclavicular nodal core biopsies both showed chronic inflammation with no features of PTLD. Calcofluor-white stain on endobronchial biopsy showed yeast cells embedded in inflammatory tissue.  T. marneffei  was isolated in blood, bronchial washings and lymph node cultures.  Treatment was with intravenous then oral Voriconazole, and reduced immunosuppression, with significant improvement in CT findings and FEV1 at 2 months.   Conclusion:  This is a rare case of disseminated  T. marneffei  infection presenting with airway inflammation in a lung transplant recipient, with clinical findings mimicking PTLD. It demonstrates the importance of a thorough travel history and knowledge of endemic infectious diseases worldwide.
Radioimmunoassay for Benzo[a]pyrene23
Authors: Norman Y. Kado, Eddie T. Wei
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Radioimmunoassay for Benzo[a]pyrene Get access Norman Y. Kado, Norman Y. Kado 4Department of Biomédical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eddie T. Wei Eddie T. Wei 4Department of Biomédical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720. 5We thank Mr. John B. Cunningham and Ms. Joyce Yamada, Department of Biomédical and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, for technical assistance. We also thank Dr. Donald Catlin, Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles; and Dr. Ronald Talcott, Division of Toxicology and Physiology, University of California at Riverside, for advice. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 221–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.221 Published: 01 July 1978 Article history Received: 17 October 1977 Accepted: 30 January 1978 Published: 01 July 1978
Comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Data from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV)
Authors: Chansoo Moon, Sae Byol Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Seon Cheol Park, Won Jai Jung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Chul Min Ahn, Joon Chang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Many comorbidities frequently coexist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and they could influence on poor prognosis. We tried to determine which comorbidities frequently coexist in individuals with COPD using population based nationwide survey.   Method:  We used data obtained in the first (2007) and second year (2008) of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) and included participants aged ≥40 years. Subjects with FEV 1 /FVC   Result:  Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between COPD group (n=357) and control group (n=357) except spirometric findings. COPD group was associated with increased risk of low BMI ( 2 ) (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.29-9.68; p=0.014) and associated with decreased risk of hypertension (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99; p=0.042) and hypercholesterolemia (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.93; p=0.022). The incidence of low BMI uniquely increased with the severity of airflow obstruction (1.4% in control subjects, 3.6% in GOLD stage I, 4.5% in GOLD stage II and 30% in GOLD stage III+; p   Conclusion : Incidence of low BMI uniquely increased with the severity of airflow limitation. However, more study is needed to confirm whether low BMI is the cause of COPD or the result of COPD.
Abstract 10180: Stability of Metabolic Syndrome During the Transition to Adulthood: A 7-Year Follow Up Study
Authors: Elizabeth Goodman, Lawrence M Dolan, Stephen R Daniels
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Short term studies suggest Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is highly unstable in youth. Data on long term stability of MetS are lacking. We assess stability of MetS over 7 yrs during the tran...
Mechanisms of Action of Carcinogenic Aromatic Amides
Authors: H. R. Gutmann, E. J. Barry, D. Malejka-Giganti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

This report surveys certain metabolic reactions of the carcinogen, N-2-fluorenylacetamide, currently considered to be implicated in the mechanism of action of this aromatic amide. Apparently the amide is activated, in the susceptible host, by two successive enzymatic reactions. In the first step, metabolic N-hydroxylation converts the amide to the carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acid, N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide, which is regarded as the “proximate” carcinogen. The absolute requirement for this reaction was demonstrated in this laboratory by the conversion of inactive arylamides to potent carcinogens by synthetic N-hydroxylation. In the second metabolic step, the arylhydroxamic acid is transformed to a reactive amidonium ion (the “ultimate” carcinogen) which combines with tissue nucleophiles (proteins and/or nucleic acids). Formation of the amidonium ion may proceed through an intermediate ester (acetate, phosphate, or sulfate), or it may result directly from the dehydroxylation of the hydroxamic acid. Comparative studies of the labeling pattern of the soluble proteins isolated from the livers of rats given intraperitoneal injections of N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide-9-14C or N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide-1′-14C indicate yet another pathway for the activation of the “proximate” carcinogen, N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide. This pathway leads to 2-fluorenyl-hydroxylamine via the deacetylation of N-hydroxy-2-fluorenylacetamide. The potential significance of this pathway is supported by studies on the relation between the structure and the activity of synthetic arylhydroxamic acids and arylhydroxylamines carried out in this laboratory. These studies indicate that the carcinogenicity of these compounds is determined by the size of the aryl moiety and by the structure of the second substituent joined to the nitrogen. Thus fluorenylhydroxamic acids or fluorenylhydroxyl-amines in which this N-substituent is a group with a high leaving potential (acetyl, benzoyl, or benzenesulfonyl group) are greatly carcinogenic for the rat. Replacement of these groups by the phenyl group yields a virtually inactive biarylhydroxylamine. The available evidence permits no definitive conclusion as to the relative importance of the various pathways for the initiation of carcinogenesis by N-2-fluorenylacetamide.
Pulse Oximetry in the Diagnosis of Non-Critical Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency
Authors: N F Couse, C P Delaney, P G Horgan, J O'Keeffe, W P Joyce, T F Gorey, J M Fitzpatrick
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Pulse oximetry was used to detect return of pulsatile flow in 27 subjects during reactive hyperaemia following 3 min of total limb ischaemia induced by above knee tourniquet occlusion. Fourteen patients with exercise induced leg pain had 18 symptomatic limbs tested. Thirteen controls had 25 limbs tested. Return of pulsatile flow during reactive hyperaemia occurred within 20 s of tourniquet release in the 25 control limbs which was then regarded as normal. The mean time for return of pulsatile flow in 18 symptomatic limbs was 53 +/- 37 s (P < 0.05 versus controls). Three limbs had a normal value, two of which did not have peripheral vascular disease. Pulse oximetry correctly identified all 25 asymptomatic limbs and 15 of 16 patients with claudication secondary to peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This modification of the reactive hyperaemia test using the pulse oximeter is simple and quick to perform. It has potential as a non-invasive screening test for PVD, suitable for outpatient assessment.
Combination of irinotecan and etoposide for treatment of refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: N Masuda, K Matsui, S Negoro, N Takifuji, K Takeda, T Yana, M Kobayashi, T Hirashima, Y Kusunoki, S Ushijima, I Kawase, T Tada, H Sawaguchi, M Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine the response rate, survival, and toxicity of irinotecan (CPT-11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, combined with etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, in refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with refractory or relapsed SCLC were entered onto the trial. All 25 patients had been pretreated with some form of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and had also received previous etoposide- or anthracyclinecontaining chemotherapy. The median time off chemotherapy was 6.7 months (range, 0.9 to 23.5). Patients were treated at 4-week intervals using CPT-11 (a starting dose of 70 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15) plus etoposide (80 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 to 3), with a subsequent dose based on toxicity. In addition, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF; 2 microg/kg/d) was given from day 4 to day 21, except on the days of CPT-11 administration. RESULTS All patients were assessable for toxicity and survival. Twenty-four patients were assessable for response. There were 14 partial responses (PRs) and three complete responses (CRs), for an overall response rate of 71% (95% confidence interval, 53% to 89%). The median response duration was 4.6 months. Median survival was 271 days. Major toxicities were myelosuppression (predominantly leukopenia) and diarrhea. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 56% and 20% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 to 4 diarrhea was observed in 4%. There was one treatment-related death due to severe myelosuppression. CONCLUSION A combination of CPT-11 and etoposide with rhG-CSF support is an active therapy against refractory or relapsed SCLC and deserves to be studied more extensively in a phase III trial.
Early exploration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a predictive biomarker for cancer treatment response
Authors: Fang Jiang, Charles Van Sant, Mary Saltarelli, Milagros Colon-Lopez, Rick Lesniewski, Evelyn M. McKeegan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A50   The presence of CTC has been associated with a number of human carcinomas. We have established a method for detecting CTC in 1-2 mL of blood to explore CTC in cancer patients. Briefly, leukocytes and platelets are depleted from blood with an antibody cocktail (CD45/CD36/CD66b). The unbound, negatively selected cells are cytospun onto a slide, stained with an epithelial specific antibody cocktail and analyzed using automated microscopy. CTC can be detected in the blood of patients with a variety of solid tumors. A longitudinal analysis was performed on a subset of patients from M02-428, an ABT-510 Phase II renal cancer trial (N=33). We observed a range of CTC concentrations at baseline (0 to 43 CTC/mL). Following one cycle of ABT-510 treatment, the CTC frequently detected at baseline, became undetectable in the blood of most patients.An advance in the field of CTC analysis was the FDA approval of a CTC detection method for monitoring the status of metastatic breast cancer, using a fully automated CellSearch System, developed by Immunicon. Based on the published reports using this technology and our internal CTC assessment, we have initiated in-house validation tests to assess the CTC detection and examined CTC from prostate, colon and head/neck cancer patients. The CTC detected range in these patient specimens ranged from 0 to 2187 (N=98) per 7.5 ml of whole blood, with > 5 CTC in 36 specimens and
Hypersensitivity Reaction (HSR) to Docetaxel After a Previous HSR to Paclitaxel
Authors: Jason P. Denman, Peter J. Gilbar, Ehtesham A. Abdi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.11.2760 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12039945 Hypersensitivity Reaction (HSR) to Docetaxel After a Previous HSR to Paclitaxel Jason P. DenmanxJason P. DenmanSearch for articles by this author , Peter J. GilbarxPeter J. GilbarSearch for articles by this author , Ehtesham A. AbdixEhtesham A. AbdiSearch for articles by this author Show More Toowoomba Health Services, Toowoomba, Australia https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.11.2760 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology