tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detecting diabetic retinopathy
Authors: E M Kohner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

with an established technique.The harsh reality is that doctors who care for patients must, to provide best possible care, make choices between currently available methods.The comment about 15-27% of peripheral new vessels being outside the field of view of the non-mydriatic camera is woefully misleading.Although these figures do indeed appear in the discussion of the quoted paper they represent an opinion not supported by data.The results of that study include only one case of proliferative retinopathy not correctly classified by nonmydriatic photography, it being reported as severe non-proliferative retinopathy.The possibility of missing such new vessels is indeed to be considered, although the risk seems low.The
Histology of pulmonary arterial supply in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.
Authors: G Thiene, C Frescura, R M Bini, M Valente, V Gallucci
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A histologic study was performed on 22 specimens of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect to 1) ascertain the existence of the main pulmonary artery; 2) distinguish the ductus arteriosus from the systemic collateral arteries (SCA); 3) establish the nutritive or functional nature of collateral circulation; and 4) evaluate the morphology of the distal pulmonary bed. Three cases had absent main pulmonary artery, one with and two without signs of infundibular septation. We suggest that absent main pulmonary artery may exist with both infundibular pulmonary atresia and persistent truncus arteriosus. SCAs have been found to have similar histological features as systemic muscular arteries of the same size--their medial muscular layer merges gradually into an elastic one at different depth inside the lungs. Injection of contrast material allowed us to demonstrate that these vessels are functional, since they inosculate into efficient pulmonary arteries ending in the respiratory units. When the distal pulmonary vascular bed is perfused by large SCAs, proliferative lesions like those found in large left-to-right shunts may occur. Early in infancy, banding of large, nonstenotic SCAs could protect the distal pulmonary vasculature. Moreover, total surgical repair should be associated with ligation of the SCA to avoid residual left-to-right shunt, if the pulmonary arteries can carry the full pulmonary blood flow.
Demonstration of “naturally occurring mitochondrial antibodies” in family members of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Reinhild Klein, Peter A. Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Sera from 81 healthy family members (including husbands) of 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were tested by Western blotting against the antigen fractions M9 and M2 derived respectively from rat liver and beef heart mitochondria. Fifty–eight (70%) were positive and recognized four major (molecular weights 98 kD, 65 kD, 61 kD, 58 kD) and eight minor determinants (85 kD, 81 kD, 78 kD, 54 kD, 48 kD, 45 kD, 40 kD, 30 kD) labeled α–my. Each of the 58 sera recognized at least one of the four major polypeptides. In contrast, only 6% of 80 primary biliary cirrhosis patients had antibodies against one of these epitopes. Sera from 25 patients with different infectious disorders previously shown to react with submitochondrial particles by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay also recognized at least one of the four major determinants. From these findings it was concluded that these antibodies may belong to the family of natural autoantibodies. Since they reacted with submitochondrial fractions, they were defined as “naturally occurring mitochondrial antibodies.” The high incidence of “naturally occurring mitochondrial antibodies” in primary biliary cirrhosis contact persons may be taken as indirect evidence for a contagious immunogenic agent circulating in the blood of primary biliary cirrhosis-patients. In contrast, the absence of “naturally occurring mitochondrial antibodies” in primary biliary cirrhosis-patients themselves implies that an underlying B–cell defect is responsible for this lack of antibody production. Considering the protective role of naturally occurring antibodies in general, this postulated B–cell defect could be a major factor in the etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1990; 12:335-341).
Treatment of Advanced Tumours of Head and Neck with Fast Neutrons
Authors: M. Catterall, D. D. Vonberg
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Fast neutrons interact with matter in a different way from <i>x</i> and gamma rays. They have been used at Hammersmith Hospital for the past four years in the treatment of advanced tumours in several sites of the body, and the results of this treatment in the first 100 cases of tumours of the head and neck are described here. Altogether 62 patients who had been referred for fast neutron therapy because it was thought that no other treatment would be effective experienced complete regression of the tumours, and only two recurred. Tumours of the buccal cavity and salivary glands responded particularly well and the relief of pain and ulceration was striking. Side effects were not serious and did not differ from those seen with supervoltage radiation, apart from the reaction of the skin. Follow-up was short, however, owing to deaths from metastases, and out of 76 patients treated more than one year previously only 30 survived. Cases which have not metastasized must therefore be treated so that the effects on tumours and adjacent normal tissues can be observed for several years after treatment. The results obtained so far indicate that it is now justifiable to use neutrons in such cases.
605 METFORMIN TREATMENT REDUCES HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS C: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS
Authors: J. Ampuero, M. Fernández-Gil, D. Núñez, S. Alonso, M. Maraver, M.L. Gutiérrez, C. Cano, A. Rojas, J.L. Lledó, M. Millán, R. Gallego-Durán, I. Camacho, B. Figueruela, E. Suárez, C. Fernández-Rodríguez, M. Romero-Gómez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Follow-Up of Schoolchildren in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant in Israel
Authors: Ayana I. Goren, John R. Goldsmith, Sarah Hellmann, Shmuel Brenner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This study was carried out in the framework of a health monitoring system set up in the vicinity of a 1400 megawatt coal-fired power plant in Israel. Second- and fifth-grade school children were followed up every 3 years; they performed pulmonary function tests (PFT), and their parents filled out American Thoracic Society-National Heart and Lung Institute health questionnaires. Among the cohort of second graders (in 1983) living in the area expected to be most polluted, a significant increase in the prevalence of part of the respiratory symptoms (such as cough and sputum, wheezing with and without cold and wheezing accompanied by shortness of breath) was evident in 1986. The prevalence of asthma among fifth graders in this area doubled (p = 0.0273) compared with prevalence when they were second graders. Among the children from the older cohort (fifth graders in 1983) living in this community, a similar although milder trend could be observed, especially in regard to an increased prevalence of asthma in 1986 compared with 1983 (13.9% versus 8.1%). Annual increases in PFT in the four groups of children (boys and girls from both cohorts) were found to be higher in the community expected to be polluted (especially in the younger cohort) compared with the two other communities. The discrepancy between the increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases and the higher annual increase in PFT among children from the expected more polluted community may be partly attributable to differential annual increase in height and to different distribution of background variables (such as socioeconomic status, passive smoking, heating, and respiratory diseases among parents) in the three communities.
Ras pathway mutations are prevalent in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and confer sensitivity to MEK inhibition
Authors: Julie Irving, Elizabeth Matheson, Lynne Minto, Helen Blair, Marian Case, Christina Halsey, Isabella Swidenbank, Frida Ponthan, Renate Kirschner-Schwabe, Stefanie Groeneveld-Krentz, Jana Hof, James Allan, Christine Harrison, Josef Vormoor, Arend von Stackelberg, Cornelia Eckert
Journal: Blood (2014)
Technetium-99m HMPAO Imaging in Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: QUOC TUAN TON-THAT, DANIEL PICARD, DAN BISSOON-DOYAL, JEAN-PAUL SOUCY, LUCIE CARRIER, MICHEL PICARD, RAYMONDE CHARTRAND, DENIS HUOT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The Tc-99m HMPAO brain imaging confirmed marked hypoperfusion secondary to anomalous cerebral venous drainage of the Sturge-Weber syndrome. Until now, this had been a hypothesis suggested by results obtained from conventional brain scans and cerebral arteriography.
Elastotic Degeneration.
Authors: DANILO V. STEVANOVIĆ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

The formation of elastotic material in the dermis of the exposed skin of elderly persons, and of two younger patients with manifestations of precocious degeneration, was studied by light and by electron microscopy. Initially fine filaments or apparently granular material, or both, appeared around collagen fibres, which were mildly altered. On the exposed sites there was gradual loss of matrix and striation of the collagen forming an amorphous substance in which scattered, optically dense material appeared. Several appearances were common to all subjects.
Woman with schizophrenia is judged to have mental capacity to decide on amputation
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A woman with paranoid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes whose foot had mummified and dropped off was perfectly capable of deciding for herself whether or not to have her leg amputated, a High Court judge has ruled.

Mr Justice Peter Jackson declared, “Many who suffer from mental illness are well able to make decisions about their medical treatment, and it is important not to make unjustified assumptions to the contrary.”

The case of JB, aged 62, went to the Court of Protection in London after doctors at Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust were unable to decide whether she had capacity. At some times …
Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Crystal E. Tan, Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Secondhand smoke causes cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Smoke-free legislation is associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death from these diseases. Methods and Results— Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted by law comprehensiveness to determine the relationship between smoke-free legislation and hospital admission or death from cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. Studies were identified by using a systematic search for studies published before November 30, 2011 with the use of the Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase and references in identified articles. Change in hospital admissions (or deaths) in the presence of a smoke-free law, duration of follow-up, and law comprehensiveness (workplaces only; workplaces and restaurants; or workplaces, restaurants, and bars) were recorded. Forty-five studies of 33 smoke-free laws with median follow-up of 24 months (range, 2–57 months) were included. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation was associated with significantly lower rates of hospital admissions (or deaths) for all 4 diagnostic groups: coronary events (relative risk, 0.848; 95% confidence interval 0.816–0.881), other heart disease (relative risk, 0.610; 95% confidence interval, 0.440–0.847), cerebrovascular accidents (relative risk, 0.840; 95% confidence interval, 0.753–0.936), and respiratory disease (relative risk, 0.760; 95% confidence interval, 0.682–0.846). The difference in risk following comprehensive smoke-free laws does not change with longer follow-up. More comprehensive laws were associated with larger changes in risk. Conclusions— Smoke-free legislation was associated with a lower risk of smoking-related cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases, with more comprehensive laws associated with greater changes in risk.
A Case of Hyperlucent Lung
Authors: William A. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> An asymptomatic 52-year-old man was found to have an abnormal chest roentgenogram on a routine evaluation. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Congenital absence of the left pectoral muscle. Figure 1 shows unilateral hyperlucency of the left lung field. The clue to the diagnosis was the discrepancy in extrathoracic soft-tissue shadows. Physical examination disclosed that the patient had congenital absence of the left pectoralis major, left nipple, and left chest wall hair (Fig 2). The unilateral deficiency in muscle mass had caused the diminished density on the chest film. This anomaly is a form of Poland's<sup>1</sup>syndrome, an embryologic defect of the mesoderm first recognized in 1841 and recently reviewed.<sup>2,3</sup>Patients with Poland's syndrome have a variable incidence of syndactyly, brachydactylia, hypoplasia of some of the elements of the corresponding upper extremity, thoracic cage defect, absent nipple, and axillary web. When presented with a roentgenogram of a unilateral hyperlucent lung, one must
THE COEXISTENCE OF PROTOZOAN-LIKE PARASITES AND MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN MICE
Authors: E. V. Cowdry, F. M. Nicholson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

A small proportion of laboratory mice, which appear to be normal, are in reality suffering from an obscure disease characterized by the presence of marked meningoencephalitic lesions which are often accompanied by protozoan-like parasites. Both the lesions and the parasites closely resemble others previously reported in rabbits, which likewise fail to reveal themselves by pronounced clinical symptoms. In the absence of direct experimental evidence it is suggested either that one species of parasite is capable of producing the lesions in both animals, or else that we have to do with two kinds of parasites which are closely related and, in the stages thus far observed, are indistinguishable one from the other.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN APOPLEXY.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Presuming that the Section I have the honor to address is a board of medical police whose business it is to detect the pre-stages of diseases and to procure their prevention, if not their birth, the subject is then legitimately up for thought and has an ever-present living importance. The press rarely appears without some reference to apoplexy. To-day it is Baron de Hirsch's death cabled across the Atlantic in thousands of words and eagerly read by the public who love and appreciate such wealthy nature's noblemen. The press also, with the confidence conferred by its position, affirms that champagne freely drank caused his apoplexy within a few hours. But it must have had pre-stages longer than these few hours. This idea was expressed by the late Dr. F. A. Sawyer, Vice-President Massachusetts Medical Society, who told his son that his death would be from apoplexy, as it was. My
The value of an ethics history?
Authors: Abhay K Das, Graham P Mulley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Doctors are often called upon to make decisions on resuscitation, ventilation, artificial feeding, dialysis, and other intensive or invasive treatments when the patient is too ill to say yes or no. Consequently, some patients will receive treatments they did not want or be denied treatment they would have wanted.1,2 Clearly, there is much to be said for ascertaining the patient's views when he or she is competent and reasonably well—for example, when seeing a general practitioner or attending an outpatient clinic. By taking an 'ethics history' we might increase the likelihood that the patient, if later incapacitated, will receive appropriate and acceptable treatment. In this paper we review the current scene and offer a set of questions that might form the basis of such a history.
13 Analysis of a successful HCV-specific CD8+ T cell response in patients with recurrent HCV-infection after liver transplantation (OLTX)
Authors: N.H. Gruener, A. Ulsenheimer, M.-C. Jung, J.T. Gerlach, R. Zachoval, H.M. Diepolder, G. Baretton, R. Schauer, G.R. Pape, C.A. Schirren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Augmentation of coronary blood flow by intra-aortic balloon pumping in patients after coronary angioplasty.
Authors: M J Kern, F Aguirre, R Bach, T Donohue, R Siegel, J Segal
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the ability of intra-aortic balloon pumping to increase coronary blood flow in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. To assess the effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping on coronary hemodynamics, we measured coronary blood flow velocity with a 0.018-in. Doppler-tipped angioplasty guide wire in 15 patients who received an intra-aortic balloon pump for typical clinical indications. METHODS AND RESULTS Intra-aortic balloon pumping augmented diastolic pressure 83 +/- 35%. In nine patients before angioplasty, peak diastolic coronary flow velocity beyond the stenosis (mean diameter narrowing, 95 +/- 7%) was 5.3 +/- 9.6 cm/sec and was unaffected by intra-aortic balloon pumping. After angioplasty, the improved coronary luminal diameter narrowing (n = 12; mean narrowing, 18 +/- 12%) was associated with increased distal diastolic flow velocity integral and peak diastolic and mean velocities (13.3 +/- 8.4 units: 36.4 +/- 18.3 and 24.0 +/- 11.4 cm/sec, respectively; all p &lt; 0.01 versus before angioplasty), which were further augmented (36 +/- 37%, 54 +/- 49%, and 26 +/- 17%, respectively; all p &lt; 0.01) with intra-aortic balloon pumping. Intra-aortic balloon pumping did not significantly increase the distal systolic velocity integral (10 +/- 59%) or peak systolic velocity (3 +/- 33%). Similar degrees of balloon pump augmentation of distal coronary flow velocity values were observed in five angiographically normal reference arteries in four patients. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate lack of significant flow improvement beyond most critical stenoses with intra-aortic balloon pumping and the unequivocal restoration and intra-aortic balloon pump-mediated augmentation of both proximal and distal coronary blood flow velocities after amelioration of severe coronary obstructions in patients after successful coronary angioplasty.
Aeromonas hydrophila in Clinical Bacteriologic Specimens
Authors: JOHN A. WASHINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 27 patients over a 2-year period. Eight of the patients had a history of injuries associated with exposure to soil or water. Two patients with bacteremia had underlying hematologic disorders, and one of these two died of a polymicrobial septicemia. Nearly all isolates of A. hydrophila occurred in mixed cultures, and eight patients had acquired their infection nosocomially. Gentamicin was the most active agent in vitro against 20 strains tested.
Rethinking T cell immunity in oropharyngeal candidiasis
Authors: Liise-anne Pirofski, Arturo Casadevall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

The disproportionate increase in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) compared with systemic and vaginal candidiasis in female patients with AIDS has been a paradox for almost three decades. New data now show that severe OPC develops in Th17-deficient mice, but not Th1-deficient mice, implicating Th17-induced effector molecules in resistance to oral disease. These findings clarify and extend our current thinking about how CD4 T cell deficiency influences susceptibility to OPC.
Lupoid sycosis successfully treated with minocycline
Authors: None Abe, None Ishikawa, None Miyachi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Lupoid sycosis successfully treated with minocycline Get access Abe, Abe Department of Dermatology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3–39–22, Showa‐machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ishikawa, Ishikawa Department of Dermatology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3–39–22, Showa‐machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Miyachi Miyachi Department of Dermatology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3–39–22, Showa‐machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 138, Issue 1, 1 January 1998, Pages 199–200, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02058.x Published: 01 January 1998
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Cancer: Impact of Patient Selection Factors on Outcome
Authors: Andrew J. Stephenson, George J. Bosl, Robert J. Motzer, Michael W. Kattan, Jason Stasi, Dean F. Bajorin, Joel Sheinfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To investigate the impact of patient selection criteria on the outcome of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer (NSGCT) treated by primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). Since 1999, our criteria have excluded patients with persistent postorchiectomy elevation of serum tumor markers (STM) or clinical stage (CS) IIB disease from RPLND. Patients and Methods Between 1989 and 2002, 453 patients underwent primary RPLND at our institution for CS I to IIB NSGCT. Patient information was obtained from a prospective database. Retroperitoneal pathology and relapse rates were compared for patients treated before and after application of the current selection criteria in 1999. Results By excluding patients with elevated STM or CS IIB disease after 1999, the proportion of pathologic stage II patients with low-volume (pN1) retroperitoneal disease increased significantly (40% before 1999 v 64% after 1999; P = .01), without significantly affecting the rate of retroperitoneal teratoma (21% v 22%, respectively; P = .89) or pathologic stage I disease (56% v 67%, respectively; P = .06). For patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, the 4-year progression-free probability improved significantly from 83% before 1999 (95% CI, 79% to 88%) to 96% after 1999 (95% CI, 91% to 100%; P = .005). Elevated postorchiectomy STM (P &lt; .0001), clinical stage (P = .0002), and pre-1999 RPLND (P = .05) were independent pretreatment predictors of progression. Conclusion Excluding patients with CS IIB disease or elevated postorchiectomy STM from primary RPLND has had a favorable impact on the extent of retroperitoneal disease and has significantly reduced the risk of relapse after RPLND. For patients with normal STM and CS I to IIA disease, the low rate of systemic progression and 22% incidence of retroperitoneal teratoma supports RPLND as the preferred primary intervention.
Gains of 2p involving the REL locus correlate with nuclear c-Rel protein accumulation in neoplastic cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Thomas F. E. Barth, José I. Martin-Subero, Stefan Joos, Christiane K. Menz, Cornelia Hasel, Gunhild Mechtersheimer, Reza M. Parwaresch, Peter Lichter, Reiner Siebert, Peter Möller
Journal: Blood (2003)