tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint maintenance, a new dermatoglyphic mechanism
Authors: S. Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Although dermatoglyphic structure has been mechanistically related to fingerprint formation, a separate mechanism for fingerprint maintenance must exist or prints would be lost by friction.To test this prediction and study its operation.Palmar and plantar prints were studied visually and by silicone rubber impressions after surface removal by abrasives, scalpel and adhesive stripping, using surface staining to stage surface loss.All depths and methods of surface removal left the print ridges intact visually and in silicone rubber impressions. When abrasion was applied only to ridge surfaces, keratinocytes were lost concomitantly in the troughs between them, leaving ridge structure intact. When palmar or plantar stratum corneum was cleaved or peeled apart, the separated layer followed the undulating ridges and troughs, thus maintaining the normal print pattern.A new mechanism of fingerprint maintenance was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. It is achieved by an organization of the print corneum which ensures its continuous separation over the whole of the undulating print surface, even when friction is applied only to the tips of the ridges; the preferred route of separation of print keratinocytes runs up and down the print ridges and troughs and thereby maintains them, and is presumably ordered by predominantly horizontal intercellular attachments between print keratinocytes. The reason print maintenance has been missed until now may be that dermatoglyphic researchers have little interest in fingerprint disguise, while those who are interested in disguise have little interest in research.
Abstract P381: Impact Of Switching From Different Treatment Regimens To A Fixed-dose Combination Pill (Polypill) In Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Or Similarly High Risk
Authors: Melvin Lafeber, Wilko Spiering, Diederick E Grobbee, Michiel L Bots, Ruth Webster, Simon Thom, Anthony Rodgers
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Aims: Cardiovascular fixed-dose combination (FDC) pills, or polypills, may help address the large treatment gaps that exist among patients with cardiovascular disease or similarly high risk. Initiation of polypill-based care in this group typically entails switching from current separately taken medications. Given the heterogeneity in usual care, there is interest in the impact of polypill treatment across different prior medication regimens. Methods: This abstract describes effects of a polypill-based treatment strategy, according to baseline anti platelet, statin and blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapy, in a randomized clinical trial among 2004 participants from India and Europe. The main eligibility criteria were established cardiovascular disease or estimated five year cardiovascular risk of ≥15%. Participants were randomly assigned to a polypill-based treatment strategy or usual care. In the polypill group, physicians could use a polypill that contained aspirin 75 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, lisinopril 10 mg and either atenolol 50 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg. Baseline medication was reviewed and coded into categories. Statin therapy was defined as less potent than the polypill if estimated LDL-cholesterol reduction was 40%. Estimated cardiovascular risk reduction was calculated by combining risk factor changes with results seen in meta-analyses of previous randomized trials. Results: The effect of the polypill at twelve months was relatable to baseline statin usage, with LDL differences of -0.37, -0.22, -0.14 and -0.07 mmol/L compared to continuing usual care among patients taking no statin, less potent, equipotent and more potent statin at baseline, respectively. Similarly there were differences in systolic BP of -5.4, -6.2, -3.3 and -1.8 mmHg among patients taking 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 BP-lowering agents. Among patients taking more potent statins at baseline, there was no significant difference in LDL-cholesterol but there were benefits for BP and aspirin adherence. Similarly, among patients taking ≥3 BP-lowering agents, there were no differences in BP, but benefits for LDL-cholesterol and aspirin adherence. As a result, there were estimated cardiovascular relative risk reductions across all subgroups defined by baseline medication usage. Conclusion: Adherence benefits from switching to a polypill resulted in risk factor changes that were at least as good as usual care, even when usual care involved more potent regimens. More importantly, switching to a polypill-based strategy resulted in estimated cardiovascular relative risk reductions across a wide range of usual care patterns of antiplatelet, statin and BP-lowering therapy prescribing.
Feasibility of Diastolic Function Assessment With Cardiac CT
Authors: Mark J. Boogers, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Joanne D. Schuijf, Victoria Delgado, Heba M. El-Naggar, Eric Boersma, Gaetano Nucifora, Rob J. van der Geest, Bernard P. Paelinck, Lucia J. Kroft, Johan H.C. Reiber, Albert de Roos, Jeroen J. Bax, Hildo J. Lamb
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
89. Isolation of a Close AAV5 Relative from Goat Tissues: Evidence of Host Promiscuity
Authors: Alejandra E. Arbetman, Michael A. Lochrie, Britta Randlev, Richard T. Surosky, Shangzhen Zhou, Jennifer Wellman, Cheryl Pater, Howard Lehmkuhl, Lea Ann Hobbs, Glenn Pierce, Peter Colosi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
Sickle Cell Trait Worsens Oxidative Stress, Abnormal Blood Rheology, and Vascular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mor Diaw, Vincent Pialoux, Cyril Martin, Abdoulaye Samb, Saliou Diop, Camille Faes, Pauline Mury, Niama Sall Diop, Saïd-Norou Diop, Brigitte Ranque, Maïmouna Ndour Mbaye, Nigel S. Key, Philippe Connes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE It is predicted that Africa will have the greatest increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the next decade. T2DM patients are at risk for cardiovascular disorders. In Sub-Saharan African countries, sickle cell trait (SCT) is frequent. Despite the presence of modest abnormalities in hemorheology and oxidative stress, SCT is generally considered a benign condition. Little is known about vascular function in SCT, although recent studies demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including venous thromboembolism, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that SCT could accentuate the vascular dysfunction observed in T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The current study, conducted in Senegal, compared vascular function, hemorheological profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and nitric oxide metabolism in healthy individuals (CONT), subjects with T2DM or SCT, and patients with both T2DM and SCT (T2DM-SCT). RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation was blunted in individuals with T2DM, SCT, and T2DM-SCT compared with CONT, with vascular dysfunction being most pronounced in the latter group. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements demonstrated increased arterial stiffness in T2DM-SCT. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation (interleukin-1β) were greater in patients with T2DM-SCT compared with the other groups. Blood viscosity was higher in individuals with TD2M, SCT carriers, and individuals with T2DM-SCT, and the values were further increased in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate severe biological abnormalities and marked vascular dysfunction in patients with both T2DM and SCT. SCT should be viewed as a risk factor for further cardiovascular disorders in individuals with T2DM.
Detection of Clonal Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells With Identical Somatically Mutated and Rearranged VH Genes in Different Biopsies in Relapsed Hodgkin’s Disease
Authors: Martina Vockerodt, Marta Soares, Holger Kanzler, Ralf Küppers, Dieter Kube, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Volker Diehl, Hans Tesch
Journal: Blood (1998)
Abstract P376: 40-year Population Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Finland
Authors: Katja Borodulin, Erkki Vartiainen, Markku Peltonen, Pekka Jousilahti, Anne Juolevi, Tiina Laatikainen, Satu Mannisto, Veikko Salomaa, Jouko Sundvall, Pekka Puska
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Finland has experienced remarkable changes both in population levels of coronary heart disease risk factors and mortality over the past decades. For the national monitoring of risk factors in major non-communicable diseases, National FINRISK Studies have been implemented from 1972 to 2012. The 40-year changes in CHD risk factors are presented. Methods: Study population included participants aged 30 to 59 years in the series on independent random population samples. Data were collected in five-year intervals in 1972-2012. FINRISK studies so far comprised 53 589 men and women who participated in a health examination, gave a venous blood sample, and filled in questionnaires. Serum total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index were measured using standardized protocol, and smoking status was recorded. Results: Total serum cholesterol decreased remarkably until the year 2007, but has thereafter turned to an increase. Systolic blood pressure has continued to decline over time since 1972, while decrease in diastolic blood pressure has leveled off during last ten years. Smoking prevalence has markedly decreased. Body mass index has increased in the population, yet the significant changes occurred in the earlier survey years, not in past 10 years. These changes in trends are shown in both sexes and all age groups in all geographical locations. Conclusions: After three decades of favorable development, the population risk factor levels showed some increase in total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. Some of these changes, such as in total serum cholesterol can be partially explained by unfavorable changes in dietary cholesterol intake. Our findings emphasize the need for continued efforts towards national disease prevention and health promotion.
Apixaban, an Oral, Direct, Selective Factor Xa Inhibitor, in Combination With Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Investigators, John H Alexander, Richard C Becker, Deepak L Bhatt, Frank Cools, Filippo Crea, Mikael Dellborg, Keith A A Fox, Shaun G Goodman, Robert A Harrington, Kurt Huber, Steen Husted, Basil S Lewis, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Puneet Mohan, Gilles Montalescot, Mikhail Ruda, Witold Ruzyllo, Freek Verheugt, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Circulation (2009)

After an acute coronary syndrome, patients remain at risk of recurrent events. Apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a novel anticoagulant that may reduce these events but also poses a risk of bleeding.Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) was a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Patients (n=1715) with recent ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome were randomized to 6 months of placebo (n=611) or 1 of 4 doses of apixaban: 2.5 mg twice daily (n=317), 10 mg once daily (n=318), 10 mg twice daily (n=248), or 20 mg once daily (n=221). Nearly all patients received aspirin; 76% received clopidogrel. The primary outcome was International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. A secondary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, severe recurrent ischemia, or ischemic stroke. At the recommendation of the Data Monitoring Committee, the 2 higher-dose apixaban arms were discontinued because of excess total bleeding. Compared with placebo, apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 3.48; P=0.09) and 10 mg once daily (hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 4.61; P=0.005) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. Apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.19; P=0.21) and 10 mg once daily (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 1.04; P=0.07) resulted in lower rates of ischemic events compared with placebo. The increase in bleeding was more pronounced and the reduction in ischemic events was less evident in patients taking aspirin plus clopidogrel than in those taking aspirin alone.We observed a dose-related increase in bleeding and a trend toward a reduction in ischemic events with the addition of apixaban to antiplatelet therapy in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. The safety and efficacy of apixaban may vary depending on background antiplatelet therapy. Further testing of apixaban in patients at risk of recurrent ischemic events is warranted.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second or subsequent remission: results of bone marrow treated with monoclonal antibodies BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3 plus complement
Authors: N Ramsay, T LeBien, M Nesbit, P McGlave, D Weisdorf, P Kenyon, D Hurd, A Goldman, T Kim, J Kersey
Journal: Blood (1985)
BLOOD CELL CHANGES IN LEUKEMIA DURING AMINOPTERIN THERAPY
Authors: R ISAACS, R W TRIMMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Case Reports1 July 1951BLOOD CELL CHANGES IN LEUKEMIA DURING AMINOPTERIN THERAPYRAPHAEL ISAACS, M.A., M.D., F.A.C.P., RALPH W. TRIMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.RAPHAEL ISAACS, M.A., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, RALPH W. TRIMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-1-236 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of "anti-folic acid" preparations in the treatment of leukemia, as described by Farber, Diamond, Mercer, Sylvester and Wolf,1 has made possible the study of the blood of patients with induced "folic acid deficiency." As folic acid appears to stimulate the maturation of "proerythroblasts" (megaloblasts in pernicious anemia), the absence of this substance should be associated with a delay in the maturation of these cells. Since the red blood cells develop their "size," at this stage, they become larger if delayed too long at this period.The following case of myeloblastic leukemia illustrates the development of macrocytosis and multilobed...Bibliography1. FarberDiamondMercerSylvesterWolff SLKRDRFJA: Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid (aminopterin), New England J. Med. 238: 787, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois*Received for publication March 4, 1950. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChemotherapy of acute leukemia in childhood 1 July 1951Volume 35, Issue 1Page: 236-239KeywordsBloodBlood cellsCellsFolic acidMyeloblastic leukemiaPernicious anemiaRed blood cells ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic Articular Rheumatism of the Vertebrae Followed By a Progressive Degenerative State of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Alfred Gordon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 April 1928Chronic Articular Rheumatism of the Vertebrae Followed By a Progressive Degenerative State of the Spinal CordALFRED GORDON, M.D., F.A.C.P.ALFRED GORDON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-10-819 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic articular rheumatism from the anatomical standpoint is invariably of the same character irrespective of its localization, but from the clinical standpoint its manifestations are polymorphous. Particularly interesting is the affection when it is localized in the vertebrae and especially in the intervertebral spaces, because in some such cases the course of the manifestations may be so insidious that their evaluation may be overlooked for a long time until gross, serious and incurable symptoms referable to the spinal cord via the roots become conspicuous. The two cases reported below present a striking illustration of such an occurrence.Case1.—G. F.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia*Patients exhibited at the February Meeting of Philadelphia Neurological Society. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1928Volume 1, Issue 10Page: 819-824KeywordsSpinal cordVertebrae Issue Published: 1 April 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
A lesson to be learnt: Parenting is not on the medical curriculum
Authors: S. Atkins
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Soon after my son was born my brother in law told me that Harry was fortunate to have a doctor for a father. But I soon discovered that my medical training was poor preparation for the task of parenting.

Initially it certainly helped, and when in the first fortnight Harry developed breast milk jaundice I felt reassured by the knowledge that this was benign and temporary and that he would soon be all right. However, he soon developed a peculiar symptom that left me totally baffled. He began sweating profusely on one side of his body.

I began a frantic search of my bookshelf for answers but found no mention in any of my student paediatric textbooks of disorders causing unilateral perspiration. Could it perhaps be a rare defect of the autonomic …
Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on the coronary arterial vasculature in humans.
Authors: A Chu, K G Morris, W D Kuehl, J Cusma, F Navetta, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The effects of the synthetic 28-amino-acid alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the proximal coronary arteries and coronary blood flow were evaluated in 17 patients. Proximal coronary dimension was quantitated by digital angiography, and coronary flow was quantitated with 3F Doppler flow catheters. ANP, when given as a 2.5-micrograms/kg bolus in the left ventricle, caused sustained significant proximal coronary dilations from 3.49 +/- 0.57 to 4.09 +/- 0.76 mm, lasting more than 30 minutes. The proximal coronary diameter did not increase further after intracoronary injection of 0.3 mg nitroglycerin (4.08 +/- 0.79 mm). Coronary flow (resistance coronary dilation) was not significantly increased at 5 minutes after ANP (87 +/- 55 to 102 +/- 54 vol flow units), indicating that the proximal coronary dilations were not flow dependent. The persistent proximal coronary dilations were associated with minor and transient decreases in aortic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and with minor and transient increases in heart rate, cardiac output, and left ventricular contractility. Plasma ANP level increased significantly by more than sixfold from 39.8 +/- 8.8 to 245.8 +/- 168.5 pg/ml. The time course of proximal coronary dilations was related more closely to the time course of increase in plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate than that of plasma ANP. This study demonstrates that bolus injection of ANP (2.5 micrograms/kg), an endogenous vasodilator, caused marked sustained preferential proximal coronary dilations and brief minor changes in cardiac and systemic hemodynamics. Although additional studies are needed to assess its clinical efficacy as a coronary dilator in the treatment of coronary artery disease, these data suggest a potential of ANP in the therapy of ischemia.
Immunotherapy for Stewart-Treves syndrome
Authors: Masutaka Furue, Nobuo Yamada, Takenori Takahashi, Kanako Kikuchi, Tetsuya Tsuchida, Yasumasa Ishibashi, Oichiro Kobori, Akira Ihara, Joji Kitayama, Mutsuhiko Minami
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)
Prevention of photocarcinogenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is mediated through interleukin-12-dependent DNA repair
Authors: Santosh K. Katiyar, Sudheer K. Mantena, Syed M. Meeran
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4890 

Earlier we have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol from green tea, prevents solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis in mice. UV radiation-induced immunosuppression has been implicated as a risk factor for skin cancer. We have demonstrated that prevention of UV radiation-induced immunosuppression by EGCG is associated with the induction of immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-12. Since, IL-12 has been shown to have anti-tumor activity and DNA repair ability we extended our studies to determine whether chemopreventive effect of EGCG against photocarcinogenesis is mediated through IL-12. For this purpose, we used genetically modified mouse model (IL-12 knockout (KO) mice on C3H/HeN background) and xeroderma pigmentosum ( XP )-A deficient and XPA -proficient human fibroblasts. In preliminary studies, we found that inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by EGCG was associated with the increased presence of IL-12 in tumors compared with non-EGCG treated animals. As UVB-induced DNA damage, predominantly in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), has been recognized as an important molecular trigger for UVB-induced immunosuppression and initiation of photocarcinogenesis, we determined the effect of EGCG on UVB-induced CPD in the mouse skin. Immunostaining and dot blot analysis indicated that the number of UVB-induced CPDs were reduced or repaired faster in EGCG treated C3H/HeN mouse skin than in non-EGCG treated mouse. IL-12 has been shown to have the ability to repair UVB-induced CPDs through induction of NER enzymes. Therefore, we determined whether EGCG stimulates NER enzymes through IL-12 induction. The XPA -deficient and XPA -proficient fibroblasts were UVB irradiated with and without treatment of EGCG. Immunostaining and dot blot analysis were performed to check the status of CPD. We observed that UVB-induced DNA damage in the form of CPD was significantly reduced in EGCG-treated XPA -proficient fibroblasts whereas this effect was not observed in XPA -deficient fibroblasts. These data indicated that repair of UVB-induced CPD by EGCG may be mediated through induction of NER enzymes. To further confirm whether anti-photocarcinogenic effect of EGCG is mediated through the induction of IL-12, we conducted photocarcinogenesis experiment using IL-12 KO and their wild-type counterparts. Mice were exposed to UVB with and without topical treatment of EGCG for 30 weeks. We found that treatment of EGCG did not prevent UVB-induced skin cancer in IL-12 KO mice but prevented it in their wild-type counterparts in terms of tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity. These data identify the new mechanism of skin cancer chemopreventive effect of EGCG, and also demonstrate a link between EGCG, IL-12 and DNA repair mechanism.