tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphism of XRCC1, XPD and MGMT on lung cancer risk: A multicentric study in central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Paolo Boffetta, Paul Brennan, Rayjean Hung, Janet Hall, Stephane Borel, Amelie Chabrier, Federico Canzian
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1493  DNA repair operate on several different pathways for specific types of damaged DNA. X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is involved in the repair of single-strand breaks, which is the most common DNA lesions. Xeroderma pigmentosum group D complementing protein (XPD/ERCC2) is involved in the nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) and removal of a variety of DNA lesions, including those resulted from tobacco carcinogens. O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme which can repair the O6-methylguanine DNA adduct by transferring the methyl group from the O6-methylguanine to a cysteine residue of MGMT itself. Several polymorphisms were identified in these genes and each showed different functional significance. We have therefore hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in these DNA repair genes are likely to be important in the lung carcinogenesis. We conducted a multicentric study in 6 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia). A total of 2633 lung cancer cases and 2884 controls were recruited. Subjects completed a detailed lifestyle questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Genotyping was analyzed by fluorescence 5′ exonuclease assay. Initial results of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His, Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and/or MGMT Ile143Val polymorphism were available for 2073 cases and 1953 controls. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was tested for cases and controls separately. We applied Expectation-Maximization algorithm to estimate the haplotype frequency for the 3 SNPs of XRCC1. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was applied to model the association between genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Effect modifications of age of onset and smoking were evaluated. We did not find an effect of MGMT Ile143Val polymorphism on lung cancer risk overall (OR=1.10, 95%CI=0.94-1.30) or after stratification by smoking status, age or histology. The overall OR of XPD Lys751Gln was 1.04 (95%CI=0.81-1.06). However, there was a seemly opposite effect in never-smokers (OR=1.42, 95%CI=0.96-2.10) and in current smokers (OR=0.85, 0.70-1.03). In addition, the effect of XPD Gln allele appeared to be more important in young subjects (OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.49-0.94). XRCC1 Arg280His, Arg399Gln did not confer an effect on lung cancer when analyzed individually, whereas Arg194Trp showed a protective effect among current smokers (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.42-0.99), and young subjects (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.42-1.05). The results of haplotype analyses suggested a marginal protective effect of XRCC1 haplotype Trp-wt-wt (OR=0.71, 95%CI=0.40-1.27) and wt-wt-Gln (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.61-1.11) among current smokers. In summary, these findings support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in different pathways may influence susceptibility to lung cancer.
Abstract 620: Evidence for combination tamoxifen and betulinic acid to treat hormone responsive- and unresponsive breast cancer by attenuation of Pygopus expression
Authors: Youlian Tzenov, Philip Andrews, Cathy Popadiuk, Kenneth R. Kao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The presence of the estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors (ER and PR) in advanced breast cancer tumour nuclei is predictive for response to hormone disruptive therapy. However, the accuracy of ER and PR testing can be variable and although patients receive significant benefit from hormone therapy, they ultimately become refractory to treatment. The chromatin remodeling protein: human Pygopus2 (hPygo2), is important for oncogenic growth and cell cycle progression and may serve as a diagnostic or targetable biomarker for breast cancer. Here we demonstrate that ER-alpha (Erα)−Sp1 transcription factor (Sp1) complexes associate with chromatin at adjacent motifs within the hPygo2 promoter in both hormone receptor positive and negative breast cancer cells. Erα agonists induced, while antagonists inhibited hPygo2 mRNA and protein expression. Erα and Sp1 occupancy at the hPygo2 promoter required intact promoter binding sites and functional DNA binding domains. Estrogen (E2) increased, while Fulvestrant decreased, Erα binding to the hPygo2 promoter with no effect on Sp1. Furthermore, Sp1-directed siRNA reduced Sp1 occupancy at the hPygo2 promoter and decreased hPygo2 mRNA and protein expression in both Erα-expressing (+) and Erα-nonexpressing (-) cells. Betulinic acid, an Sp1 inhibitor, caused cell cycle arrest, reduced Sp1 binding to the hPygo2 promoter and reduced hPygo2 expression in Erα- cell lines. The activation of hPygo2 expression either cooperatively or independently by Erα and Sp1 suggests their potential diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for both hormone responsive and unresponsive breast cancer. Citation Format: Youlian Tzenov, Philip Andrews, Cathy Popadiuk, Kenneth R. Kao. Evidence for combination tamoxifen and betulinic acid to treat hormone responsive- and unresponsive breast cancer by attenuation of Pygopus expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-620
Air War and Emotional Stress: Psychological Studies of Bombing and Civilian Defense
Authors: Irving Lester Janis
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P011: ST2 As A Risk Predictor For Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure And Mortality In The Prospective Finrisk97 Population Cohort
Authors: Maria F Hughes, Sebastian Appelbaum, Aki S Havulinna, Annika Jagodzinski, Francisco Ojeda, Tanja Zeller, Stefan Blankenberg, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: ST2 is a receptor for the inflammatory cytokine IL33. The ST2-IL33 pathway has been associated with development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in humans although the mechanism is not fully established. Increased ST2 levels have been associated with heart failure and death in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in the general population where it has also been associated with diabetes. We hypothesized that ST2 levels can identify people in the general population with elevated risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and add to existing risk prediction algorithms. Methods: We measured high sensitivity soluble ST2 (Presage) in 7,551 men and women (25-74 years) from the FINRISK97 prospective population cohort. Cox proportional hazards modeling using age as the time scale evaluated the ability of sST2 to predict cardiovascular endpoints including fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure), incident diabetes and death over 14 years follow up. Missing data (~10%) was multiply imputed and participants with prevalent disease at baseline were excluded for corresponding endpoints of disease. Discrimination and reclassification statistics (c-index, NRI) for 10 year absolute risks were calculated with internal (10-fold) cross validation to compare the ability of ST2 to improve upon Framingham risk factors, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTProBNP) and renal function (eGFR), established markers of CVD risk. Results: sST2 concentrations significantly predicted all-cause death (hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest quartile with the lowest was 1.28 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 1.04-1.57 (1024 events), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (HR 1.22 (95% C.I. 1.001-1.49) (1068 events) and stroke (1.44 (95% C.I. 0.99-2.1) (370 events) after adjustment for Framingham risk factors, NTProBNP and eGFR. sST2 showed suggestive but non-significant association with heart failure (HR 1.21 (95% C.I. 0.92-1.58) (577 events) after similar adjustment. Similarly, sST2 showed a trend toward elevated but non-significant risk for diabetes (HR 1.14 (95% C.I. 0.87-1.49) (377 events) after adjustment for age, area, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, glucose and prevalent CVD. No improvement in the c-index was observed for models adding sST2 to Framingham and other risk factors. Clinical NRI was improved in fully adjusted models for death 9% ( p =1x10 -6 ) and stroke 4% ( p =0.028) with reclassification benefit mainly for non-cases. IDI was improved for MACE ( p =0.02) and stroke ( p =0.02). Conclusions: In a healthy general population from Finland (FINRISK97), sST2 improves prediction of death, MACE and stroke beyond Framingham covariates, NTProBNP and eGFR but does not improve prediction of heart failure.
When Character Is More Important Than Intelligence
Authors: Stefan Eriksson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

Wittgenstein has not played a very important role in bioethics. Of course, the subject developed after philosophers’ fascination with Wittgenstein’s thinking had reached its peak. What’s more, the idea that philosophy should aim at clearing up its own peculiar misunderstandings may at first glance not be suitable to bioethics. While the ever-present problems in e.g. philosophy of mind and epistemology easily lend themselves to a description such as being held captive by a picture, the problems of bioethics seem real enough, being grounded in practices such as medicine and the real-life dilemmas facing its practitioners.
Identification of a novel S249C FGFR3 mutation in a keratinocytic epidermal naevus syndrome
Authors: L.B. Ousager, A. Bygum, C. Hafner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 167, Issue 1 p. 202-204 Correspondence Identification of a novel S249C FGFR3 mutation in a keratinocytic epidermal naevus syndrome L.B. Ousager, L.B. Ousager Departments of Clinical Genetics, andSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bygum, A. Bygum Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorC. Hafner, C. Hafner Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany E-mail: lilian.bomme.ousager@ouh.regionsyddanmark.dkSearch for more papers by this author L.B. Ousager, L.B. Ousager Departments of Clinical Genetics, andSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bygum, A. Bygum Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorC. Hafner, C. Hafner Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany E-mail: lilian.bomme.ousager@ouh.regionsyddanmark.dkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10812.xCitations: 16 Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume167, Issue1July 2012Pages 202-204 RelatedInformation
Recent advances: Recent advances in rehabilitation
Authors: D. T Wade
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In Western countries 13-14% of the population have some degree of disability.1 The demand for rehabilitation services will increase as evidence accrues for their effectiveness and as more people survive longer with substantial disability. Current evidence strongly supports the provision of well organised, coordinated, multidisciplinary rehabilitation services based on a problem oriented approach.2 In future, specific interventions will be more evidence based, leading to more appropriate use of interventions and more appropriate referrals to specialist services.

Rehabilitation has recently seen many practical innovations and new evidence for specific interventions, but the major advances in rehabilitation are conceptual rather than practical. Firstly, the approach to patients has moved from a predominantly medical one to one in which psychological and sociocultural aspects are equally important. Secondly, the need for organised specialist rehabilitation services—for example, for neurological disabilities—is being recognised.

This review concentrates on the conceptual basis of rehabilitation and some emerging principles; the scope of rehabilitation is too large to cover all major advances. We chose topics and papers on the basis of our experience.

Models of illness are important.3 4 They form the basis for all decisions on the allocation of resources. They can help in the analysis and understanding of clinical cases and can form a framework for the research and planning of intervention, the construction of services, and the design of research. For effective disability services, doctors, healthcare professionals, politicians, and the general public need to understand the models.

The international classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps (ICIDH) was developed under the auspices of the World Health Organization and was first published in 1980.5 The development of this classification model and its worldwide acceptance is arguably the greatest single advance in the field of rehabilitation. There are many other models of disability and illness,3 …
Surgical scar remodelling after photodynamic therapy using aminolaevulinic acid or its methylester: a retrospective, blinded study of patients with field cancerization
Authors: F.H. Sakamoto, L. Izikson, Z. Tannous, D. Zurakowski, R. Rox Anderson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a nonsurgical alternative to conventional tumour excision for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs).We evaluated whether patients with field cancerization (multiple NMSCs) treated with aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or its methylester (MAL) for that indication had PDT-induced changes in surgical scars in the treatment field.Six adult patients with multiple NMSCs and a total of 21 scars from previous excisions were studied in a retrospective blinded evaluation from clinical photographs of scar response to ALA/MAL-PDT. After a 3-h application of topical 20% ALA or 16·8% MAL under occlusion, each field was irradiated with 635-nm light-emitting diode light at the fluence of 200Jcm(-2) . Patients underwent one to three PDT sessions per field at ∼1month intervals, to fields that included scars on the back, thigh, arms and neck. Pre- and post-treatment digital photographs of scars were combined into 92 pairs that were independently and blindly evaluated by three board-certified dermatologists. This study was performed at our academic practice at the Massachusetts General Hospital.PDT produced a statistically significant improvement in scar appearance. The degree of improvement correlated with the number of treatment sessions (two or three treatments; P<0·05). Improvement after a single treatment was not statistically different from baseline ratings (P=0·99).Surgical scar remodelling and clinical improvement may be accomplished via ALA/MAL-PDT, but may require repeated treatment sessions. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of PDT for this indication.
Sensitive miRNA expression profiling from low expression total RNA.
Authors: Sunny Song
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B18   MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs that have been found in animals, plants, viruses and humans. miRNA expression profiling of human tumors has identified signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis and response to treatment of cancer. Recent studies show that microarray-based assays offer an efficient method for measuring the expression profile of large numbers of miRNAs simultaneously. However, the small size and high sequence homology of miRNAs present major challenges to sample labeling and microarray probe design. We have developed a sensitive and robust multiplexed miRNA profiling assay system that is based on a highly efficient sample labeling methods and sensitive microarray probe design. Here we examined low expression RNA from human cancer cells using the new assay system and found that the miRNA profiles from low expression samples were surprisingly informative, successively classifying low level of miRNA. These findings highlight the potential of miRNA profiling of low expression RNA in cancer diagnosis.
Long-Term Artificial Cardiac Pacing: Experience in Adults with Heart Block
Authors: A H SIDDONS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4294: Addressing the limitations of thyroid biopsies: Using elastic scattering spectroscopy to improve the assessment of indeterminate nodules
Authors: Jennifer E. Rosen, Nicholas J. Giordano, Eladio Rodriguez-Diaz, Ousama M. A'Amar, Irving J. Bigio, Stephanie L. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor. The gold standard, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, yields 10-25% indeterminate results necessitating diagnostic surgery. Using the real-time imaging technique of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS), a pair of fiber optics are inserted through the lumen of a biopsy needle and placed in contact with the thyroid nodule moments before cell collection occurs. Our research focuses on utilizing this optical-biopsy technique to measure tissue in vivo with broadband light during biopsy. In this study we demonstrate the potential our novel ESS-integrated optical biopsy syringe can have on cancer diagnostics. Spectra from 148 patients were collected. Additional time during biopsy to perform ESS measurements was less than 20 seconds. Cytology results for enrolled patients were as follows: 37 indeterminate, 6 insufficient, 5 malignant and 100 benign. Correlating ESS measurements with cytology, we identified changes in spectra when fiber optics were placed in contact with malignant versus benign tissue. From our enrolled benign and malignant patients, we trained an algorithm to diagnose indeterminate nodules based off of ESS spectra and compared to pathology. Preliminary analysis of spectra show ESS has a NPV of 0.99, a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.85. This data suggests that elastic scattering spectroscopy may improve the reliability, speed, and cost of cancer diagnostics. Citation Format: Jennifer E. Rosen, Nicholas J. Giordano, Eladio Rodriguez-Diaz, Ousama M. A'Amar, Irving J. Bigio, Stephanie L. Lee. Addressing the limitations of thyroid biopsies: Using elastic scattering spectroscopy to improve the assessment of indeterminate nodules. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4294. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4294
Comparison of two techniques of chest physioherapy in experimental model of atelectasis in newborn pigs
Authors: Talitha Comaru, Priscila Padoim, Jaqueline Stivanin, Humberto Fiori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two techniques of respiratory therapy in an experimental model of atelectasis by bronchial obstruction in newborn pigs.  Methods: 24 pigs sedated, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. For the induction of atelectasis, artificial mucus was infused (Poly(ethylene oxide), Sigma-Aldrich™, USA) using an infusion pump through the tracheal tube. Confirmation of atelectasis was a chest X-ray and by a pressure drop of oxygen in arterial blood. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1 that received tracheal aspiration after 20 minutes of confirmation of atelectasis, group 2 underwent the technique of bag squeezing over tracheal aspiration and group 3 underwent vibration chest. To evaluate the effectiveness of techniques one second X-ray was done. To evaluate the changes during the procedures were performed arterial blood gases and pulmonary mechanics evaluation before and after the induction of atelectasis immediately and 30 minutes after the procedure.  Results: The mean percentage change in the PO2 was statistically detect significant between the groups (control: 97,80±37,33, bag squeezing: 166,75±68,63 e vibration: 104,41±45,45, p=0,0408), with improvement in oxygenation in the group undergoing the technique of bag squeezing. The remaining variables did not differ.  Conclusions: the results suggest that the technique of bag squeezing is more efficient than manual vibration chest in these animal model, but clinical improvement was not accompanied by detectable radiological improvement.