tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of anticoagulants in suspected acute myocardial infarction
Authors: M. A James, S. Hood, D. Birnie, R. Collins, C. Baigent, R. Peto, D Ketley, K L Woods
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
A Phase I Study of Carfilzomib for Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lukas D. Wartman, Mark A. Fiala, Emily Hawkins, Theresa Fletcher, Melissa Allen, Amanda F. Cashen, John F. DiPersio, Meagan Jacoby, Keith E. Stockerl-Goldstein, Iskra Pusic, Geoffrey L. Uy, Peter Westervelt, Ravi Vij
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 11374: In Acute Coronary Syndromes, Heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein is a More Accurate Predictor of Long Term Prognosis than Troponin.
Authors: Ian R Pearson, Alistair S Hall, Christopher P Gale, Mohan U Sivananthan, Karthik Viswanathan, Niamh Kilcullen, Julian H Barth
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: We have previously shown that heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has a role in predicting all-cause mortality after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and, after multivariable...
Abstract 344: Basis for Bicarbonate Damage in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bruno B Queliconi, Fernanda M Cunha, Roberta A Gottlieb, Alicia J Kowaltowski
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

In the clinical setting, bicarbonate is often used to correct acidosis arising from accumulated CO2/HCO3- during ischemia. We observed that HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to increased [CO2/HCO3-] had more cell death after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and Langendorff-perfused rat hearts had larger infarcts after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In addition to buffering pH, the CO2/HCO3- pair possess an underappreciated redox activity that may contribute to injury. In order to study the effects of high CO2/HCO3- during ischemic injury independent of pH, we clamped pH using HEPES and used the mouse cardiomyocyte HL-1 cell line and isolated perfused rat hearts. HL-1 cells exposed to 10% CO2/HCO3- had no damage under basal conditions but developed exaggerated protein carbonylation and cell death after H/R. In Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, 10% CO2 was well tolerated during baseline conditions but resulted in increased protein carbonylation, cell death and larger infarcts after I/R. We hypothesized that the increased oxidative damage to proteins could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction with greater ROS production, diminished proteasomal degradation of oxidized proteins, or impaired autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria and oxidized protein aggregates. There was no differential effect of CO2 on mitochondrial morphology or proteasomal activity in HL-1 cells. In mitochondria isolated from perfused hearts subjected to I/R under low and high CO2 conditions, there was no difference in ROS production or oxidized protein content, suggesting mitochondrial damage was not affected by CO2 level. Examination of autophagy in HL-1 cells exposed to high CO2 during H/R revealed higher LC3-II and lower p62 content. In hearts, changes in LC3-II were inconsistent; however, we detected less p62 protein, less mitochondria-associated Beclin1, and significantly more LC3 mRNA in hearts exposed to 10% CO2 during I/R. Taken together, these findings suggest that 10% CO2 affects autophagy, which could explain the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins. These findings point to a protective role for autophagic clearance of oxidized protein aggregates during I/R injury that may be adversely impacted by bicarbonate therapy.
Health Consequences of Exemptions From Immunization Laws
Authors: Peter Bermudes
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spurious asystole with use of manual defibrillators
Authors: D. Chamberlain, K. W Bartelt
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cancer survival in Britain Cancer chemotherapy costs moneyEditor-I strongly endorse Sikora's claim that poor rates of survival from cancer in the United Kingdom reflect a lack of NHS resources. 1Increasing the number of specialist oncologists will not, however, make up for the massive shortfall in funds required to provide these oncologists with the essential tools of their trade.Recent review of the budgetary allocation to Addenbrooke's Oncology Centre identified that, on average, £1700 a year is available to spend on drugs for any individual patient with cancer.Since a single course of chemotherapy may cost between £50 and £1500, oncologists cannot be expected to deliver the quality of care the public expects to receive.There are no other untapped sources of funding.Our clinical practice is already heavily subsidised: about one in six of all new patients with cancer referred to Addenbrooke's receives his or her standard chemotherapy courtesy of funds raised from industry sponsored research.The government cannot claim commitment to improving cancer care while patients are being denied effective treatments on the grounds of lack of affordability.
Abstract 79: Impact of the 2010 Resuscitation Guidelines on CPR Quality During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Owen K Beams, Marion Leary, Marisa Cinousis, Kelsey Sheak, Benjamin Abella
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The 2010 resuscitation guidelines emphasize quality compressions, including a target depth of “at least 2 inches” (50 mm), and a target rate of “at least 100 compressions/min”. Studies have demonstrated that the guidelines update has positively impacted CPR performance in the pre-hospital setting, but no such data exist for in-hospital CPR quality. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that following the guidelines release, CPR data collected during in-hospital cardiac arrest events would demonstrate increased compression depth and rate, but that a lag period would exist prior to these observed changes. Methods: Chest compression data from consecutive cardiac arrest events at a single medical center were collected prior to the guidelines change between 1/2010-9/2010 and compared to data collected after the guidelines release from 11/2010-2/2013, using a CPR-sensing defibrillator (MRx QCPR, Phillips Healthcare). Data were compared both in aggregate and in sequential 4 month time periods to evaluate for change over time. Welch’s t-test was used to compare compression rate and depth means across time periods. Results: A total of 1,078 segments of CPR (30 sec each) performance were available for the pre-guidelines change period, and 1,652 30s segments for the post-guidelines release period. Mean compression rate and depth for the aggregate period following the guidelines release was increased (rate: 111.5 comp/min vs. 107.3 comp/min, p&lt;0.001 and depth: 49.9 mm vs. 46.9 mm, p&lt;0.001). Analysis for change over time found a consistent increase in rate after 4 months time and a lag-time of 16 months for a sustained increase in depth. Conclusions: Following the 2010 release of updated CPR guidelines, compression rate and depth increased in a cohort of in-hospital resuscitation events. However, a lag time of 16 months for a sustained compression depth increase demonstrates the possibility of delayed uptake of new guidelines.
Abstract P1-15-16: The utilization of hypofractionated breast radiotherapy in the United States between 2003 and 2011
Authors: Dezheng Huo, Yasmin Hasan, Katharine Yao
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Recently, several randomized trials have found that accelerated hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) had equivalent local recurrence rates and disease-free survival, compared to conventional fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI). It is unknown if the pattern of care regarding HF-WBI has changed in the United States after the publication of these trials, given its administrative advantage. Methods: Using data from the National Cancer Database, this study included 559,362 non-metastasic female breast cancer patients who received post-lumpectomy external beam radiotherapy to their breast or regional nodes. We examined the trend of HF-WBI use in the U.S. and factors related to its use using logistic regression models. Results: Of patients receiving external beam radiotherapy, about 5% underwent HF-WBI. The most common HF-WBI dose schedule is 42.4-42.6 Gy in 16 fractions without or with boost radiation. There was a 20-fold increased trend in the use of HF-WBI, increasing from about 0.6% in 2003 to 13% in 2011 (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Among patients with pT1-2N0-1 disease, a subgroup for whom previous clinical trials of HF-WBI are mainly applicable, HF-WBI use increased from 0.6% in 2003 to 14% in 2011. Although not included in previous clinical trials, patients with ductal carcinoma in situ also experienced an increased use of HF-WBI, from 0.5% in 2003 to 12% in 2011. We found age was strongly correlated with HF-WBI use; the older a patient, the more likely she received HF-WBI. African Americans were less likely to use HF-WBI. Patients with low grade were more likely to receive HF-WBI than those with high grade and patients with negative nodes are more likely to received HF-WBI. Large volume, academic cancer centers are more likely to adopt HF-WBI than community cancer programs. Interestingly, patients who live at least 50 miles away from a cancer center are about 58% more likely to receive HF-WBI than patients living within 50 miles of a cancer center. Conclusions: The utilization of hypofractionated radiotherapy significantly increased from 2003 to 2011 in the United States, which is presumably influenced by publication of several randomized trials. In 2011, HF-WBI accounted for more than 10% of all external beam radiotherapy for early breast cancer patients. Patient and facility factors impacted the patterns of HF-WBI use. Citation Format: Dezheng Huo, Yasmin Hasan, Katharine Yao. The utilization of hypofractionated breast radiotherapy in the United States between 2003 and 2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-16.
Abstract 16014: The Role of IKr in Transmural Repolarization Abnormalities in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Katherine M Holzem, Alexey V Glukhov, Igor R Efimov
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Heart failure (HF) claims around 250,000 lives per year in the US, and nearly half of these deaths are sudden and presumably due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Action potential (AP) prolongation ...
Early inhibition of hepatocyte innate responses by hepatitis B virus
Authors: Souphalone Luangsay, Marion Gruffaz, Nathalie Isorce, Barbara Testoni, Maud Michelet, Suzanne Faure-Dupuy, Sarah Maadadi, Malika Ait-Goughoulte, Romain Parent, Michel Rivoire, Hassan Javanbakht, Julie Lucifora, David Durantel, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Subject to many potential biases
Authors: S. Gilbody, A. House, F. Song, T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--I M Anderson and B M Tomenson's paper1 updates our meta-analysis comparing drop out rates in patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants2 but excludes newer tricyclic drugs. Despite this difference, which would tend to favour the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the results are nearly identical. The table compares drop out rates in the three published meta-analyses.1 2 3 Clearly, despite the different inclusion criteria, the results broadly agree: the difference is small and of dubious clinical and economic importance.

View this table:

TABLE 
Drop out rates …
Abstract MP038: Age at Menarche is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood: the CARDIA Study
Authors: Jill Dreyfus, Pamela J Schreiner, Mercedes R Carnethon, Hilary Whitham, Richard Maclehose, Ellen W Demerath
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Recent studies report an association between early age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, information in young women is limited to self-reported diabetes in primarily white populations. We explored the association of age at menarche and clinically-defined T2D among young black and white women (mean age 25 at baseline) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the rate for T2D will decrease with each 1 year increase in age at menarche. Methods: Our analysis included 1,258 white and 1,341 black women (total=2,599) who participated in CARDIA during 1985-2006. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for T2D (yes/no as determined at clinic visits) by continuous age at menarche. We excluded women with diabetes at baseline, missing age at menarche, or menarche &lt;8 or &gt;18 years. T2D was defined cumulatively from baseline among non-pregnant women as fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, A1C ≥ 6.5%, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance ≥ 200 mg/dl, or use of diabetes medication. Adjusted models included race (except race stratified models) and parental history of diabetes, as well as baseline age, education, and BMI as covariates. Results: Mean age at menarche was 12.6 years (SD=1.5; black=12.5, white=12.7). We identified 176 cases of T2D over 20 years of follow-up (cumulative incidence=6.8%). Among all women, the rate for T2D decreased by 16% for each 1 year increase in menarche age ( Table 1 ); we found no evidence of nonlinearity. HRs remained protective, but no longer statistically significant after adjustment for BMI. HRs were lower for white women compared to black women, although a test for race by menarche age interaction was not significant (p=0.26). Conclusions: We found evidence to support the hypothesis that early menarche increases the rate for T2D among young women. Higher baseline BMI among women with earlier menarche appears to attenuate the association of age at menarche and future glucose metabolism. Table 1. Hazard Ratio (HR) of Type 2 Diabetes for Each One Year Increase in Age at Menarche in the CARDIA Study, 1985-2006 Crude Model 1 Model 2 # T2D HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI All Women 176 0.84 0.76, 0.93 0.88 0.79, 0.98 0.94 0.85, 1.04 White 46 0.78 0.64, 0.96 0.83 0.68, 1.02 0.93 0.76, 1.16 Black 130 0.90 0.80, 1.01 0.90 0.80, 1.02 0.96 0.85, 1.08 Model 1: adjusted for race (except for race-stratified models), family history of diabetes, baseline age, and participant level of education at baseline (&lt;HS, HS, &gt;HS) Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus baseline BMI
Abstract 13383: Atrial Fibrillation Alters Both Left and Right Atrial 3D Hemodynamics
Authors: Maria Carr, Jason Ng, Dan Lee, Kelly Jarvis, Susanne Schnell, James Carr, Jeffrey J Goldberger, Michael Markl
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: In patients with atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and right atrial (RA) thrombus are less common than stroke and left atrial (LA) thrombus. Prior studies have linked thrombus formation to decreased blood flow velocity (stasis) promoting blood clotting. We hypothesized LA stasis is more evident than RA stasis. Methods: Whole heart 4D flow MRI was performed in n=70 subjects: 33 AF patients in sinus rhythm (SR) during imaging (AF-SR, age = 62±10 years), 29 AF patients in AF (AF-afib, age = 67±12 years), and 8 age-matched controls (age = 59±5 years). 3D segmentation (MIMICS, Materialise, USA) of the LA and RA geometry was performed to calculate the flow velocity distribution for all atrial voxels and cardiac time frames. Velocity histograms normalized by the total number of entries (figure 1A) were used to assess mean and median atrial velocities and the % of LA and RA with velocities &lt;0.2m/s (stasis). Results: Compared to controls (LA = 0.20±0.2m/s, RA = 0.19±0.02m/s), both LA and RA velocities were significantly reduced in AF-SR (LA = 0.16±0.03m/s, RA = 0.16±0.04m/s, p&lt;0.03) and even further in AF-afib patients (LA = 0.13±0.03m/s, RA = 0.13±0.04m/s, p&lt;0.001). Atrial stasis was more pronounced in AF-afib (LA = 82±13%, RA = 80±16%, p&lt;0.001) and AF-SR (LA = 72±15%, RA = 69±20%, p&lt;0.04) than in controls (LA = 53±10%, RA = 53±13%). No significant RA vs LA differences were noted, Figure 1 shows significant associations (p&lt;0.01) between LA and RA mean velocity (R2=0.40) and stasis (R2=0.36) in figure 1B. RA/LA mean velocity ratio (1.0±0.2, range=0.6-2.0) and RA/LA stasis ratio (1.0±0.3, range=0.3-2.2) were not significantly different. Conclusions: In both controls and AF patients, there was no evidence for increased stasis in the LA vs RA. Although stasis likely contributes to clot formation, other factors such as atrial geometry in combination with individual LA vs. RA flow differences may account for the more prevalent formations in the LA vs. the RA.
Abstract 4038: Novel Metabolic Risk Factors for Incident Heart Failure and Their Relationship with Obesity in The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Hossein Bahrami, David Bluemke, Richard Kronmal, Alain G Bertoni, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Eyal Shahar, Moyses Szklo, Joao A Lima
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 14320: Determination of the Impact of Short Term Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Myocardial Energetics in a Randomized Study of Patients with Chronic Stable Heart Failure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Allison B Hall, Maria C Ziadi, Judith Leech, Shin-yee Chen, Ian Burwash, Jennifer Renaud, Rob deKemp, Haisam Haddad, Lisa Mielniczuk, Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Jean DaSilva, Olga Walter, Ann Guo, Li Chen, Linda Garrard, John Floras, Rob Beanlands
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often coexists with heart failure (HF) and appears to independently predict death in HF patients (pts). Both are states of increased metabolic demand. Cont...
Abstract 12649: Molecular Imaging Using Recombinant PSGL-1 as a Pan-selectin Targeting Moiety Provides Prolonged and Selective Tissue Enhancement for Detecting Recent Ischemia
Authors: Brian Davidson, Beat A Kaufmann, Todd Belcik, Qi Yue, Jonathan R Lindner
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted microbubbles has been proposed for detecting ongoing or recent myocardial ischemia. We hypothesized that the time window for ischemic mem...