tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
3-Hydroxyxanthine: Transplacental Effects and Ontogeny of Related Sulfate Metabolism in Rats and Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lucy M. Anderson, Jerome McDonald, John M. Budinger, Isabel M. Mountain, George B. Brown
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The ontogeny of sulfate metabolism related to the metabolic activation of the carcinogenic purine N-oxlde 3-hydroxyxanthine (3-0H-X) was studied in noninbred SpragueDawley rats. Sulfotransferase activity toward 3-0H-X was detectable in most fetal livers near term at about 25% of adult values and increased slowly after birth. This activity was also present in placentas. Compared to 3-0H-X sulfotransferase, sulfotransferase activity toward p-nitrophenol was lower in fetal livers and was not detected in placentas. Sulfohydrolase activity toward 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate was higher in fetal and newborn livers and in placentas than in adult liver. In a parallel transplacental carcinogenicity assay, a low but significant percentage of male rats exposed as fetuses to multiple high doses of 3-0H-X developed single liver carcinomas. After the lowest transplacental dose, the incidence of degenerative kidney disease in old male offspring was significantly higher than that in controls. In an assay with mice, (C57BL/6 × BALB/c)F, mice exposed transplacentally to 3-0H-X experienced significantly greater perinatal mortality and fewer Iung adenomas among the survivors at 20 months of age than did the controls.
Physical Activity and Successful Aging—Reply
Authors: Klaus Gebel, Ding Ding, Adrian E Bauman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin as markers of hypoxic stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Peter Grendelmeier, Werner Strobel, Thomas Schmid, Kathleen Jahn, Michael Tamm, Daiana Stolz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Hypoxia has been suggested to increase circulating vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations as well as up-regulate adrenomedulin (ADM) expression via the HIF-1 pathway. We hypothesize that intermittent chronic hypoxia within obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) leads to an increase of these peptides and that their circulating levels correlate with clinical important outcomes.   Methods:  Prospectively, longitudinal multicentre study including 250 patients with suspected OSAS undergoing a diagnostic work-up in a dedicated sleep laboratory. Vasopressin precursor copeptin (AVP), ANP and ADM levels were assessed at baseline, 1 and 6 months after institution of CPAP therapy.   Results:  Baseline data of 150 patients (54.1 ± 13.6 years, 69% male, BMI 32 ± 6) have been analyzed so far. Median [95% CI] ODI was 14 [6-27] and AHI was 17 [10-31]. There was a significant correlation between the AHI with AVP (rho 0.261, p=0.006), ADM (rho 0.285, p=0.002) and ANP (rho 0.218, p=0.021). In contrast, the ODI correlated with AVP (rho 0.265, p=0.005) and ADM (rho 0.226,p=0.018) but not ANP (rh0 0.104, p=0.280). Circulating values of all three peptides were higher in patients with diagnosed OSAS as compared to those with a normal polygraphy/polysomnography. AVP provided the highest differentiation between the two patients groups (7.7 nmol/L [5.1-11.1] vs. 4.9 nmol/L [2.8-5.4], p=0.002) with an AUC for the identification of patients with OSAS of 0.760 [0.614-0.905], p=0.002.   Conclusions:  Vasopressin, adrenomedullin and atrial natriuretic peptide correlate with the severity of OSAS and might be potential markers of therapeutic success.
Exploratory Phase III Study of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin Versus Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jan P. Neijt, Svend A. Engelholm, Malgorzata K. Tuxen, Peter G. Sørensen, Mogens Hansen, Cristiana Sessa, Cees A. M. de Swart, Fred R. Hirsch, Birthe Lund, Hans C. van Houwelingen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the side effects and feasibility of cisplatin and carboplatin each in combination with paclitaxel as front-line therapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly allocated to receive paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 intravenously as a 3-hour infusion followed by either cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 or carboplatin (area under the plasma concentration-time curve of 5), both on day 1. The schedule was repeated every 3 weeks for at least six cycles. Women allocated to paclitaxel-cisplatin were admitted to the hospital, whereas the carboplatin regimen was administered to outpatients. RESULTS: A total of 208 eligible patients were randomized. Both regimens could be delivered in an optimal dose and without significant delay. Paclitaxel-carboplatin produced significantly less nausea and vomiting (P &lt; .01) and less peripheral neurotoxicity (P = .04) but more granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia (P &lt; .01). The overall response rate in 132 patients with measurable disease was 64% (84 of 132 patients), and in patients with elevated CA 125 levels at start, it was 74% (132 of 178 patients). With a median follow-up time of 37 months, the median progression-free survival time of all patients was 16 months and the median overall survival time was 31 months. The small number of patients entered onto the study caused wide confidence intervals (CIs) around the hazards ratio for progression-free survival of paclitaxel-carboplatin compared with paclitaxel-cisplatin (hazards ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.48) and did not allow conclusions about efficacy. CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel-carboplatin is a feasible regimen for outpatients with ovarian cancer and has a better toxicity profile than paclitaxel-cisplatin.
High prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in different risk groups of HIV-infected patients
Authors: P. Clevenbergh, J. Durant, P. Halfon, A. Tran, T. Manos, V. Rahelinirina, G. Yang, S. Benzaken, D. Ouzan, P. Rampal, P Dellamonica
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1998)
Cytopathology of the Esophagus in Transkei
Authors: K Jaskiewicz, F S Venter, W F Marasas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Esophageal brush biopsy capsules were used to prepare exfoliative cytologic smears of 1,000 residents of low-, intermediate-, and high-risk areas for esophageal cancer in Transkei, southern Africa. Satisfactory smears were obtained from 96.4% of the persons screened. The technique used was rapid, simple, inexpensive, safe, and effective in the determination of the prevalence of dysplasia and early carcinoma and the progression rate of dysplasia to carcinoma. In the high-risk area, precursor lesions (esophagitis and cellular atypia) were detected in 24% of adults older than 35 years, dysplastic changes in 9%, and carcinoma in 2%. Dysplastic changes were also present in 7% of young adults (25-34 yr of age) and in 1.5% of persons 15-24 years old. Precursor lesions were detected in 16% of the population group between 15 and 24 years old. Dysplastic changes and other precursor lesions were significantly less frequent in the population from the low-risk areas. A total of 14 malignant cases were detected in 8 females and 6 males. Of these, 9 were histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas in various stages of differentiation. The progression of dysplastic changes to carcinoma was observed in 5 of the total 14 cases. Three early cancers were successfully treated by esophagectomy. Seasonal variation occurred in the prevalence of mild cytologic changes.
Spinal Stenosis
Authors: John L. Zeller
Journal: JAMA (2008)

pinal stenosis is a term used to describe a narrowing of the spinal canal, which contains the spinal cord and emerging nerve roots.It can occur in any portion of the spine.Because of limited space, changes in the bone (vertebral bodies) or soft tissues (spinal ligaments) can result in compression of the affected spinal cord and blood vessels.This narrowing can be congenital (genetic) or acquired (arthritis, trauma, bone disease, tumor) or a combination of both.Stenosis can be classified by location: central (involving the spinal cord) or lateral (affecting the nerve roots).Cord compression can also occur in patients with advanced cancer.The February 27, 2008, issue of JAMA includes an article about treatment options for cord compression due to metastatic cancer.
Breaking the Bonds of Tradition: A Reassessment of Group Treatment of Latency-Age Children
Authors: ROSALIND M. SANDS, SHELDON GOLUB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors present a new model of group therapy for latency-age children that is based on the unique psychic, physical, and social tasks of the latency phase, including cognitive growth, physical mastery, transition to the reality principle, and entry into group life. The model stresses developmental progression toward these responsibilities rather than resolution of conflict and a multifaceted form of therapy using not only peer groups but also individual, family, and environmental resources.
Difference in assessment of peak cough flow on healthy subjects using mouthpiece and facemask techniques
Authors: Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Matías Otto, Homero Puppo, Roberto Vera, Marisol Barros, Jordi Vilaró
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND:  The Peak Cough Flow (PCF) is the maximum air flow generated during a cough. It is used to assess cough in patients with respiratory muscle weakness, mainly in patients with neuromuscular pathology. This is done using a flowmeter graduated in Liters/minute. However, the literature describes two forms of evaluation: with a facemask or a cylindrical mouthpiece.   OBJECTIVE:  The objective of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the PCF when using a mouthpiece with a nose clip technique (PCFmouth) in comparison with a facemask technique (PCFmask) and to determine the most sensitive method.   METHODS:  We recruited 34 (16 men) healthy adult subjects that performed the cough maneuver. For the PCFmouth evaluation we used a cylindrical disposable mouthpiece and a nose clip. For the PCFmask evaluation we used a silicone mask with an inflatable pneumatic border. Each subject proceeded with three maneuvers to obtain reproducible values and the order was randomized.   RESULTS:  The population characteristics was: age of 22.1 ± 2.3 years (range 18-29), 11 smokers (32.4%), 12 subjects performed physical activity at least 3 times per week (35.3%). The PCFmouth was 4.6% higher than the PCFmask (499.1 ± 114.5 v / s 477.9 ± 94.5 L/min), existing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006).   CONCLUSION:  In a healthy population, there is a significant difference in PCF values using the mouthpiece with nose clip technique assessment versus the facemask technique assessment in healthy subjects. From these results, we recommend the use of a mouthpiece to measure peak cough flow.
Importance of Routine Measurement of HDL with Total Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients
Authors: M D Feher, J Stevens, A F Lant, P D Mayne
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and the frequency of a reduced HDL-cholesterol (at different cholesterol concentrations) were evaluated in a group of 400 diabetic patients attending a single diabetic clinic. Despite regularly supervised diabetes, including dietary advice, over one quarter of the patients had a serum total cholesterol concentration &gt; 6.5 mmol/1, while over a quarter of the non-insulin treated and one eighth of the insulin treated diabetic subjects had an HDL-cholesterol &lt;0.9 mmol/1, with a greater prevalence in the males compared with the females. More than 60% of all the diabetic patients who had a reduced HDL-cholesterol &lt;0.9 mmol/1 also had a total cholesterol concentration &lt;6.5 mmol/1. When the total/HDL-cholesterol ratio was calculated more non-insulin treated subjects had a value &gt;4.5 as compared with insulin treated diabetic patients. When comparisons were made between an age matched group of diabetic patients ( n=185) and a group of non-diabetic subjects attending for a health screen ( n=155), the frequencies of serum cholesterol concentrations greater than 5.2, 6.5, and 7.8 mmol/1 were similar for both groups. Significantly greater numbers of diabetic patients had a reduced HDL-cholesterol &lt;0.9 mmol/1 (at any level of serum cholesterol) and a total/HDL cholesterol ratio &gt;4.5. This study has shown that the measurement of serum total cholesterol concentration alone will not characterize many subjects who are at risk of macrovascular complications due to a reduced HDL-cholesterol. As serum cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol can both be measured in the non-fasting state, routine measurement of HDL-cholesterol together with total cholesterol should be undertaken in all diabetic subjects and in other patient groups at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Prostatic acid phosphatase by radioimmunoassay. Sensitivity compared with enzymatic assay
Authors: G. R. Lindholm
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Prostatic acid phosphatase values in 98 patients with prostatic carcinoma were measured by a commmercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by enzymatic assay. Forty-three carcinomas were staged by rigorous pathological criteria. Patients (N = 129) with benign prostatic hyperplasia were the control group. At 94% specificity, sensitivities of the RIA vs the enzymatic assay for clinically staged patients were as follows: stage A, 22% vs 6%; B, 29% vs 10%; C, 52% vs 38%; and D, 87% vs 80%. However, none of the seven patients with pathological stage A and B disease had a positive test result, and we suggest that variability in staging criteria accounts for the discrepant sensitivity claims reported. Prostatic acid phosphatase RIA should not be used for screening but as an adjunct for staging known prostatic carcinoma.
Omeprazole in the treatment of ulcers induced by NSAIDs
Authors: M J S LANGMAN
Journal: Gut (1998)

Water-in-oil emulsion incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) has been used as an adjuvant in preventive and therapeutic vaccines since its development. New generation, highly purified modulations of the adjuvant, Montanide incomplete seppic adjuvant (ISA)-51 and Montanide ISA-720, were developed to reduce toxicity. Montanide adjuvants are generally considered to be safe, with adverse events largely consisting of antigen and adjuvant dose-dependent injection site reactions (ISRs). Peptide vaccines in Montanide ISA-51 or ISA-720 are capable of inducing both high antibody titers and durable effector T cell responses. However, an efficient T cell response depends on the affinity of the peptide to the presenting major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell help and/or the level of co-stimulation. In fact, in the therapeutic cancer vaccine setting, presence of a CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell epitope seems crucial to elicit a robust and durable systemic T cell response. Additional inclusion of a Toll-like receptor ligand can further increase the magnitude and durability of the response. Use of extended peptides that need a processing step only accomplished effectively by dendritic cells (DCs) can help to avoid antigen presentation by nucleated cells other than DC. Based on recent clinical trial results, therapeutic peptide-based cancer vaccines using emulsions in adjuvant Montanide ISA-51 can elicit robust antitumor immune responses, provided that sufficient tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell help is given in addition to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell epitopes. Co-treatment with PD-1 T cell checkpoint inhibitor, chemotherapy or other immunomodulatory drugs may address local and systemic immunosuppressive mechanisms, and further enhance efficacy of therapeutic cancer peptide vaccines in IFA and its modern variants. Blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials are critical to definitively prove clinical efficacy. Mineral oil-based adjuvants for preventive vaccines, to tackle spread and severity of infectious disease, induce immune responses, but require more studies to reduce toxicity.
Combination chemotherapy, glucocorticoids, and interferon alfa in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.
Authors: S E Salmon, J J Crowley, T M Grogan, P Finley, R P Pugh, B Barlogie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Standard therapy for multiple myeloma consists of cytotoxic chemotherapy plus glucocorticoids. Interferon (IFN) alfa maintenance is reported to prolong chemotherapy-induced remissions and survival. This study evaluates induction chemotherapy, glucocorticoids, and interferon maintenance in myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred twenty-two previously untreated myeloma patients were randomized to three chemotherapy regimens with differing glucocorticoid intensities. Patients who achieved remission were randomized to receive IFN or observation until relapse. Patients who failed to respond to chemotherapy received IFN alfa plus dexamethasone (DEX). RESULTS Five hundred nine patients were eligible for induction chemotherapy. Chemotherapy with higher dose-intensity glucocorticoids yielded higher response rates and improved survival (P = .02 for the three-group comparison; P &lt; .05 for each higher glucocorticoid arm v vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone alternating with vincristine, carmustine [BCNU], doxorubicin, and prednisone [VMCP/VBAP]). One hundred ninety-three patients who achieved remission were randomized to receive IFN alfa 3 MU three times weekly or observation. IFN was not superior to observation for relapse-free (P = .95) or overall survival (P = .39) from start of maintenance. Eighty-eight induction failures received 5 MU of IFN three times weekly plus DEX. Patients who received IFN/DEX had a median survival duration of 48 months from start of IFN/DEX. CONCLUSION Higher-dose glucocorticoids increases frequency of response to chemotherapy and prolong survival in myeloma. IFN maintenance with the dose schedule used in this trial did not prolong relapse-free or overall survival. We cannot exclude a small effect of IFN, as most individual trials do not have sufficient statistical power. Meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating IFN maintenance in myeloma might be of value. While IFN appeared ineffective, addition of higher-dose glucocorticoids improved outcome in myeloma.
Correlation of pulmonary function and sleep disordered breathing parameters in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Charalampos Mermigkis, Izolde Bouloukaki, Katerina Antoniou, Giannis Giannarakis, Helen Mauroudi, Violeta Moniaki, Nikolaos Siafakas, Sophia Schiza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Restrictive pulmonary diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are characterized by decreased lung volumes that can reduce the upper airway stability and potentially predispose to SDB.  Aims and objectives: Therefore our aim was to correlate pulmonary function testing (PFT) parameters with Apnea-Hypopnea Indices (AHI), overall and during NREM and REM sleep, in newly diagnosed IPF patients.  Methods: Twenty consequent patients (16 males/4 females, age 68.5± 11 yrs) with newly diagnosed IPF were included. All had a formal in lab sleep study as well as PFT9s before the initiation of any therapy for IPF.  Results: Twelve patients had an AHI above 5 per hour of sleep indicating underlying SDB. A statistical significant trend was observed between RV and RV/TLC values and REM AHI (p=0.07, r=-0.44 and p=0.08, r=-0.43 respectively). No statistical significant correlations were observed between the other PFT parameters (FEV1%, FVC%, FEV1/FVC, TLC, VC) and AHI indices. DLCO/VA values showed a statistical significant negative correlation with overall AHI (p=0.05, R=-0.50), NREM AHI (p= 0.04, r=-0.51) and REM AHI (p=0.05,r=-0.52)  Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is a statistical significant trend between reduced lung volumes and AHI during the vulnerable period of REM sleep. The lack of strong statistical correlations between PFT9s and SDB parameters might related to the fact that PFT9s routinelly are performed with the patient in the upright and not the supine position.
Large-cell lymphomas: clinical and prognostic features.
Authors: R S Stein, J P Greer, J M Flexner, J D Hainsworth, R D Collins, W R Macon, J B Cousar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

We reviewed the clinical and pathologic features in 186 patients with large-cell lymphomas seen at Vanderbilt University Hospital between 1970 and 1986. Ninety-two cases (49%) were large noncleaved-cell lymphoma (LNCCL), 61 cases (33%) were large-cleaved-cell lymphoma (LCCL), 17 cases (9%) were peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), and 16 cases (9%) were immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells (IBS-B). These subsets of large-cell lymphoma did not differ with respect to median age, distribution by stage, or incidence of bone marrow involvement. Significant differences between groups were noted with regard to male:female ratio, incidence of symptoms, incidence of extranodal disease, and pattern of adenopathy. However, when LCCL was excluded from the analysis, none of these differences were significant. By univariate analysis, age, stage, marrow involvement, extranodal disease, B symptoms, elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and diffuse pattern were unfavorable prognostic features in large-cell lymphoma. However, when cases were stratified by cell of origin, nodular versus diffuse pattern was of no prognostic significance. Nodularity was favorable only because 71% of nodular and nodular-diffuse cases were LCCL, while the majority of diffuse cases were LNCCL. Although IBS-B is considered a "high-grade" lymphoma, we found no evidence for inferior survival in these patients compared with LNCCL or LCCL. In fact, survival was better in IBS-B than in LNCCL or LCCL, although this difference was not significant. However, survival was significantly inferior in PTCL (median, 11 months) compared with the other subsets of large-cell lymphoma (median, 46 months; P = .038, log-rank test). Since the association of PTCL and an inferior survival has most often been noted in the context of "second-generation" chemotherapy, we believe that this association may be therapy-dependent and may be minimized by the use of more aggressive chemotherapy regimens.