tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do All Women Require Intensive Retinal Surveillance During Pregnancy?
Authors: Tim Cundy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group is to be congratulated on its careful analysis of the retinal changes in pregnancy in women who participated in the trial (1). This analysis was able to demonstrate both a genuine “pregnancy effect” and an “early worsening effect” of tightening glycemic control as independent contributors to the well-recognized phenomenon of deterioration in retinopathy during pregnancy. Because comparable data are unlikely to ever be accumulated, this letter will probably stand as the last word on …
Hepatitis B virus DNA and e antigen in serum from blood donors in the United Kingdom positive for hepatitis B surface antigen.
Authors: T J Harrison, V Bal, E G Wheeler, T J Meacock, J F Harrison, A J Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Serum samples from 214 blood donors in the United Kingdom who were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were examined for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by DNA:DNA hybridisation and for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody. One fifth of the donors carried infectious virus in their circulation. The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA correlated well with that of HBeAg, although hepatitis B virus DNA was found in five serum samples that were negative for HBeAg. It is concluded that analysis of serum samples for hepatitis B virus DNA by hybridisation should be the method of choice for determining whether carriers of HBsAg are infectious.
Benign Hepatic Cyst
Authors: Sandeep Garg, Manisha Garg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

An 88-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a sudden onset of shortness of breath. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were diagnosed. During an echocardiogram, a large cystic mass was incidentally detected in the liver. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a well-defined mass measuring 18 cm in diameter (Panel A, arrow). The contents of the mass were homogeneous, with the attenuation of water, suggesting that it was a cyst. Cavography showed external compression of the inferior vena cava and the development of collateral channels. Percutaneous drainage of the cyst with the use of a catheter (Panel B, . . .
Circadian Variation and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: James E. Muller, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

A morning increase in the risk of acute cardiovascular disorders — transient myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke —is now well documented and widely accepted by both the medical profession and the public. Over the past five years, several investigators have demonstrated that this apparent curiosity can offer clues to the mechanisms of onset of acute cardiovascular disease. The article by Panza et al. in this issue of the Journal 1 is an important addition to this emerging field of study.The authors demonstrated convincingly in normal subjects that forearm vascular resistance, as determined by plethysmography, is higher . . .
Clinical Effects of Raloxifene Hydrochloride in Women
Authors: Weerapan Khovidhunkit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Purpose: To review clinical data on raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator that was recently approved for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Data Sources: English-language articles published from 1980 to May 1998 were identified through MEDLINE searches. Bibliographies, book chapters, and meeting abstracts were reviewed for additional relevant publications. Study Selection: Publications that contained information on the background of development, structure, mechanism of action, tissue-selective effects, and adverse effects of raloxifene hydrochloride were included. Data Extraction: Data in selected articles were reviewed, and relevant clinical information was extracted. Data Synthesis: Raloxifene hydrochloride was developed in an effort to find a treatment for breast cancer and osteoporosis. It binds to the estrogen receptor and shows tissue-selective effects; thus, it belongs to a class of drugs recently described as selective estrogen receptor modulators. Tissue selectivity of raloxifene may be achieved through several mechanisms: the ligand structure, interaction of the ligand with different estrogen receptor subtypes in various tissues, and intracellular events after ligand binding. Raloxifene has estrogen-agonistic effects on bone and lipids and estrogen-antagonistic effects on the breast and uterus. An increase in bone mineral density at the spine, total hip, and total body has been reported with raloxifene but seems to be less than that seen with estrogen or alendronate therapy. Raloxifene has been shown to produce a reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations similar to that produced by estrogen therapy, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations do not increase during raloxifene therapy. In the uterus, raloxifene does not stimulate the endometrium. Long-term data on the effects of raloxifene in reduction of risk for fracture; prevention of cardiovascular events; cognitive function; and the incidence of breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer are not available. The most common adverse effect of raloxifene is hot flashes. Conclusions: Raloxifene has been shown to have beneficial effects in selected organs in postmenopausal women. Although estrogen remains the drug of choice for hormonal therapy in most postmenopausal women, raloxifene may be an alternative in certain groups of women at risk for osteoporosis.
Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients
Authors: Dorothy M. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The cancer patient is the outcast of our times. Because of its unknown etiology, cancer stirs an unconscious disquiet and fear in us. Patients soon notice that, little by little, they become isolated. Even relatives stop coming to call. As one author in this book puts it, the cancer patient is the leper of the 20th century. Patients feel that an ominous internal invasion of their body is taking place. There follows a feeling of hopelessness with a reversion to early infantile helplessness. It is at this point that patients turn to their physician. Should not physicians be equipped to offer skillful, essential psychological support as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy? This book attempts to address this issue in presenting psychotherapeutic methods available to aid physicians helping their cancer patients to cope with the stresses of their illness. It also deals with theoretical constructs of cancer as a psychosomatic manifestation.
ALS-causing SOD1 mutants generate vascular changes prior to motor neuron degeneration
Authors: Zhihui Zhong, Rashid Deane, Zarina Ali, Margaret Parisi, Yuriy Shapovalov, M Kerry O'Banion, Konstantin Stojanovic, Abhay Sagare, Severine Boillee, Don W Cleveland, Berislav V Zlokovic
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Community-Based Participatory Research: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
Authors: Barbara A. Israel, Edith A. Parker, Zachary Rowe, Alicia Salvatore, Meredith Minkler, Jesús López, Arlene Butz, Adrian Mosley, Lucretia Coates, George Lambert, Paul A. Potito, Barbara Brenner, Maribel Rivera, Harry Romero, Beti Thompson, Gloria Coronado, Sandy Halstead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Over the past several decades there has been growing evidence of the increase in incidence rates, morbidity, and mortality for a number of health problems experienced by children. The causation and aggravation of these problems are complex and multifactorial. The burden of these health problems and environmental exposures is borne disproportionately by children from low-income communities and communities of color. Researchers and funding institutions have called for increased attention to the complex issues that affect the health of children living in marginalized communities--and communities more broadly--and have suggested greater community involvement in processes that shape research and intervention approaches, for example, through community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships among academic, health services, public health, and community-based organizations. Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (Children's Centers) funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were required to include a CBPR project. The purpose of this article is to provide a definition and set of CBPR principles, to describe the rationale for and major benefits of using this approach, to draw on the experiences of six of the Children's Centers in using CBPR, and to provide lessons learned and recommendations for how to successfully establish and maintain CBPR partnerships aimed at enhancing our understanding and addressing the multiple determinants of children's health.
THE IDEAL PHYSICIAN.
Authors: W. W. KEEN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

When casting about for a suitable topic on which to address you, I was much perplexed at first, but finally bethought me that perhaps I could not do you a better service than to sketch in very brief outlines the characteristics of the ideal physician. Let me address you therefore as aspirants for the realization of this ideal. Few of us, perhaps, at the close of life, can say that we have realized our ideals. But unless we have a high ideal, the trajectory of our life will never have risen to any noble height. "Hitch your wagon to a star," said Ralph Waldo Emerson. Even though you fail you will more nearly reach the firmament than if you had never made the attempt. The physician may be regarded from three points of view: 1, his personal life; 2, his professional life, and, 3, his public life. <h3>Personal Life.</h3> —The
The contributions of emissions and spatial microenvironments to exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in Kenya.
Authors: M Ezzati, H Saleh, D M Kammen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Acute and chronic respiratory diseases, which are causally linked to exposure to indoor air pollution in developing countries, are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Efforts to develop effective intervention strategies and detailed quantification of the exposure-response relationship for indoor particulate matter require accurate estimates of exposure. We used continuous monitoring of indoor air pollution and individual time-activity budget data to construct detailed profiles of exposure for 345 individuals in 55 households in rural Kenya. Data for analysis were from two hundred ten 14-hour days of continuous real-time monitoring of concentrations of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter and the location and activities of household members. These data were supplemented by data on the spatial dispersion of pollution and from interviews. Young and adult women had not only the highest absolute exposure to particulate matter (2, 795 and 4,898 microg/m(3) average daily exposure concentrations, respectively) but also the largest exposure relative to that of males in the same age group (2.5 and 4.8 times, respectively). Exposure during brief high-intensity emission episodes accounts for 31-61% of the total exposure of household members who take part in cooking and 0-11% for those who do not. Simple models that neglect the spatial distribution of pollution within the home, intense emission episodes, and activity patterns underestimate exposure by 3-71% for different demographic subgroups, resulting in inaccurate and biased estimations. Health and intervention impact studies should therefore consider in detail the critical role of exposure patterns, including the short periods of intense emission, to avoid spurious assessments of risks and benefits.
American Indian--Alaska Native youth health
Authors: Robert W. Blum, Brian Harmon, Linda Harris, Lois Bergeisen, Michael D. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess risk behaviors, health problems, worries and concerns, and resiliency-promoting factors among American Indian-Alaska Native adolescents.Survey.Nonurban schools from eight Indian Health Service areas.A total of 13,454 seventh- through 12th-grade American Indian-Alaska Native youths.revised version of the Adolescent Health Survey, a comprehensive, anonymous, self-report questionnaire with 162 items addressing 10 dimensions of health.Poor physical health was reported by 2% of the study sample and was significantly correlated with social risk factors of physical and/or sexual abuse, suicide attempts, substance abuse, poor school performance, and nutritional inadequacies. Injury risk behaviors included never wearing seatbelts (44%), drinking and driving (37.9% of driving 10th through 12th graders), and riding with a driver who had been drinking (21.8%). Physical and sexual abuse prevalence was 10% and 13%, respectively, with 23.9% of females reporting physical abuse and 21.6% of females reporting sexual abuse by the 12th grade. Almost 6% of the entire sample endorsed signs of severe emotional distress. Eleven percent of the teens surveyed knew someone who had killed himself or herself, and 17% had attempted suicide themselves. Sixty-five percent of males and 56.8% of females reported having had intercourse by the 12th grade. Weekly or more frequent alcohol use rose from 8.2% of seventh graders to 14.1% by the 12th grade; for males, the survey noted an increase in regular alcohol use of 3% to 5% a year to 27.3% by the 12th grade. For each variable measured, rates are much higher for American Indian adolescents than those for rural white Minnesota youth, except for age at first intercourse and alcohol use.American Indian-Alaska Native adolescents reported high rates of health-compromising behaviors and risk factors related to unintentional injury, substance use, poor self-assessed health status, emotional distress, and suicide. Interventions must be culturally sensitive, acknowledge the heterogeneity of Indian populations, be grounded in cultural traditions that promote health, and be developed with full participation of the involved communities.
Reply from Authors re: Ricardo Brandina, Inderbir S. Gill. Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: New Beginnings. Eur Urol 2010;57:778–9
Authors: Vincenzo Ficarra, Brian M. Benway, Sam B. Bhayani, Craig G. Rogers, James R. Porter, Giorgio Guazzoni, Nicolò Buffi, Alexandre Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2010)
NUP98/JARID1A is a novel recurrent abnormality in pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with a distinct HOX gene expression pattern
Authors: J D E de Rooij, I H I M Hollink, S T C J M Arentsen-Peters, J F van Galen, H Berna Beverloo, A Baruchel, J Trka, D Reinhardt, E Sonneveld, M Zimmermann, T A Alonzo, R Pieters, S Meshinchi, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, C Michel Zwaan
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Alfa-IFN (N3) plus ribavirin treatment in HCV recurrence after liver transplantation (OLT)
Authors: Sara Pevere, Stefano Targhetta, Patrizia Boccagni, Giacomo Zanus, Dino Martines, Patrizia Burra, Umberto Cillo, Remo Naccarato, Stefano Fagiuoli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Reply Mechanisms of action of various ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers
Authors: D Hearse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Dr. Grover’s very kind and complimentary remarks about the recent review [l] on ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers during ischemia and reperfusion are much appreciated. One point, however, causes Dr. Grover considerable concern-this is the citation of (and by implication a presumed agreement with) the comments in the paper by Richer et al. [2]. This paper was critical of the conclusions of a study [3] by Dr. Grover and colleagues in which the authors compared intravenous versus intracoronary administration of nicorandil versus cromakalim. This reply to Dr. Grover is from the author of the review [ 1 ] and the senior co-author of the contentious paper [2]. Dr. Grover states that “Professor Hearse criticised this study based on the lOO-fold lower dose of nicorandil given into the coronary”. Dr. Grover then goes on to justify the choice of this dose on the basis of the fact that the coronary bed supplies a very small mass of tissue and therefore a much lower absolute dose is required than with intravenous administration. We filly accept this and indeed, neither the review El] nor the Richer article [2] took specific issue with this aspect of Dr. Grover’s protocol design. The criticism that was intended related not to the choice of dose between intravenous and intracoronary studies but to the fact that Grover et al. [3] used a dose of nicorandil that was only 3 times higher than that selected for cromakalim. What Professor Hearse actually stated in his concluding synopsis of the Richer paper was that “they argued that, since nicorandil was ten times less potent than cromakalim, any study designed to compare the two drugs and the two routes of administration should have employed a larger dose of nicorandil.” The choice of intravenous versus intracoronary dose was not actually contested by the author of the review. The point at issue (which has been made on a previous occasion [4] by the co-signatory of this letter) is quite straight forward: namely, that because nicorandil is at least 10 times less potent than
Junior surgeons lack practical experience.
Authors: W J Campbell, R J Moorehead
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Summary</h3> Recent work suggests that our brains may generate subtle, false motion signals streaming from other people to the objects of their attention, aiding social cognition. For instance, brief exposure to static images depicting other people gazing at objects made subjects slower at detecting subsequent motion in the direction of gaze, suggesting that looking at someone else’s gaze caused a directional motion adaptation. Here we confirm, using a more stringent method, that viewing static images of another person gazing in a particular direction, at an object, produced motion aftereffects in the opposite direction. The aftereffect was manifested as a change in perceptual decision threshold for detecting left versus right motion. The effect disappeared when the person was looking away from the object. These findings suggest that the attentive gaze of others is encoded as an implied agent-to-object motion that is sufficiently robust to cause genuine motion aftereffects, though subtle enough to remain subthreshold.
Is preadaptation for language a necessary assumption?
Authors: David J. Bryant
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Preadaptation for language is an unnecessary assumption because intermediate stages of linguistic ability are possible and adaptive. Language could have evolved through gradual selection from structures exhibiting few features associated with modern structures. Without physical evidence pertaining to language ability in prehabilis hominids, it remains possible that selective pressures for language use preceded and necessitated modern neurolinguistic structures.
Abstract 990: Nucleosome occupancy at unmethylated promoter CpG islands represents a novel mechanism of epigenetic gene silencing in cancer
Authors: Luke B. Hesson, Jason W.H. Wong, Mathew A. Sloane, John E. Pimanda, Michael J. Bourke, Nicholas J. Hawkins, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Promoter CpG island (CGI) hypermethylation is an established mechanism of silencing gene expression in cancer. Although the silenced state is thought to be consolidated by the recruitment of nucleosomes across the promoter, this has been observed in only a limited number of genes. Here we performed genome-wide MBD-Seq, MNase-Seq and RNA-Seq to investigate the relationship between CGI methylation, nucleosome occupancy around the transcription start site (TSS) and gene expression in a premalignant colorectal adenoma and matched normal mucosa. Analysis of RNA-seq data identified 1987 silent genes that were not expressed in the normal or adenoma tissues. Of these 1987 genes, 1401 (70.51%) showed either methylation in both the normal and adenoma tissues or nucleosome occupancy across the TSS, with 524 (26.37%) of genes showing both, suggestive of a consolidated silenced state. Our RNA-Seq data also revealed that 2010 genes were downregulated &amp;gt;2-fold in the adenoma when compared to paired normal mucosa. Of these 2010 genes, only 67 (3.33%) genes showed aberrant CGI hypermethylation, and of these 67 genes, only six (8.96%) showed nucleosome occupancy across the TSS. Therefore, the presence of both CGI hypermethylation and nucleosome occupancy across the TSS of downregulated genes is significantly lower than at silent genes (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Interestingly, 272 of the remaining 1966 (13.84%) genes that were downregulated in the absence of aberrant CGI hypermethylation showed clear evidence of nucleosome occupancy across the TSS, including the important cancer-related genes CDH1 and CDKN2B. Only seven of these 272 genes (2.57%) have previously been described as frequent targets of hypermethylation in cancer, suggesting nucleosome recruitment represents an alternative mechanism of inactivation of these genes. In summary, we identified some of the earliest epigenetic events in colorectal neoplasia by profiling the transcriptome and epigenetic landscape of a premalignant colorectal adenoma. Our data show that for the majority of genes showing adenoma-specific downregulation and aberrant CGI hypermethylation, nucleosomes are not recruited to the promoter. Moreover, our data reveals a potential novel mechanism of epigenetic gene inactivation in the absence of promoter hypermethylation, through physical occlusion of transcription by nucleosome occupancy at the TSS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 990. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-990