tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consumer demand for caesarean sections in Brazil: informed decision making, patient choice, or social inequality? A population based birth cohort study linking ethnographic and epidemiological methods
Authors: Dominique P Béhague, Cesar G Victora, Fernando C Barros
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate why some women prefer caesarean sections and how decisions to medicalise birthing are influenced by patients, doctors, and the sociomedical environment. <b>Design:</b> Population based birth cohort study, using ethnographic and epidemiological methods. <b>Setting:</b> Epidemiological study: women living in the urban area of Pelotas, Brazil who gave birth in hospital during the study. Ethnographic study: subsample of 80 women selected at random from the birth cohort. Nineteen medical staff were interviewed. <b>Participants:</b> 5304 women who gave birth in any of the city9s hospitals in 1993. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Birth by caesarean section or vaginal delivery. <b>Results:</b> In both samples women from families with higher incomes and higher levels of education had caesarean sections more often than other women. Many lower to middle class women sought caesarean sections to avoid what they considered poor quality care and medical neglect, resulting from social prejudice. These women used medicalised prenatal and birthing health care to increase their chance of acquiring a caesarean section, particularly if they had social power in the home. Both social power and women9s behaviour towards seeking medicalised health care remained significantly associated with type of birth after controlling for family income and maternal education. <b>Conclusions:</b> Fear of substandard care is behind many poor women9s preferences for a caesarean section. Variables pertaining to women9s role in the process of redefining and negotiating medical risks were much stronger correlates of caesarean section rates than income or education. The unequal distribution of medical technology has altered concepts of good and normal birthing. Arguments supporting interventionist birthing for all on the basis of equal access to health care must be reviewed. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Women9s preferences for caesarean sections are understood to result from lack of knowledge and psychological aptitude to handle vaginal delivery and its consequences Efforts to reduce the demand for caesarean sections have focused on providing consumers with correct information on the relative risks associated with vaginal and operative deliveries <h3>What this study adds</h3> In Brazil, many women prefer caesarean sections because they consider it good quality care Rich women are more likely to have caesarean sections, supporting the notion that medical intervention represents superior care Poor women may implement a series of medicalised practices that justifies the need for greater medical intervention during birth Interventions for reducing caesarean sections by educating physicians and patients about risk factors associated with birthing procedures are not sufficient
Serum levels of 8-methoxypsoralen: difference between two oral methods of administration*
Authors: L. STOLK, A. KAMMEYER, R. H. CORMANE, P. A. ZWIETEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Serum levels of 8-methoxypsoralen were determined in six human volunteers after two different methods of oral administration. 8-Methoxypsoralen was given as an aqueous solution and as powder in gelatin capsules. The area under the curve (AUC) values were higher (P < 0.05) for the solution than for the capsules, indicating a higher bioavailability. Also, the peak serum levels were higher and were reached earlier when given as a solution. Considerable individual variation of the maximum serum levels and the area under the curve values was observed for both methods of administration, but the time required to reach the maximum serum level was more predictable after administration of the solution.
Laser and Endoluminal 192-Iridium Radiation
Authors: F. Hagenmüller, C. Sander, R. Sander, G. Ries, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

The combination of laser and endoluminal 192-iridium irradiation for the palliation of malignancies of the esophagus and the cardia was introduced to overcome the short-term effect of laser treatment alone. On the basis of early experience, this method would seem to prolong the effect of laser treatment alone, and is associated with a low risk of complications. However, the initial optimistic results, claiming permanent relief of dysphagia in 80 % of the patients, cannot be reproduced under prospective conditions. The combination of laser and 192-iridium irradiation with other palliative methods, such as external radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy is feasible, and remains to be studied in a comparative way.
P228Association of vessel wall changes with cardiovascular risk markers in healthy individuals
Authors: R Ramanathan, J Gram, JJ Sidelmann, IS Bjerrum, ACP Diederichsen, J Jespersen, NPR Sand
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Objective: To characterize subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, non-medicated middle-aged individuals and to compare these findings with classical cardiovascular risk factors and biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Danish Risk Score Study. A total of 277 individuals, 66% of the invited, aged 50 or 60 years, without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes were randomly selected from national registries. Persons who did not take any medication represented the study population, N = 209. The population was separated in two groups according to coronary artery calcification (CAC) by non-enhanced cardiac-CT, and carotid plaque by ultrasound. Inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and D-dimer) and endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) were studied. Results: Coronary calcification was seen in 39 % while carotid plaque was observed in 28 % of individuals. Age, gender, smoking, blood pressure and triglycerides were significantly associated with CAC (P < 0.05), while age and smoking were significantly associated with carotid plaque (P < 0.005).The concentrations of t-PA and PAI-1 were significantly associated with CAC (P < 0.01), whereas fibrinogen levels were associated with plaque (P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression revealed that age, gender, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol (P < 0.1) were associated with CAC, while no associations were found with carotid plaque. Conclusion: Even in apparantly healthy middle-aged individuals manifest morphological and biochemical signs of subclinical atherosclerosis were observed in more than 50 %. Markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic healthy individuals, but these changes seemed to be mediated through classical risk factors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that classical risk factors and biochemical markers are associated differently with atherosclerotic lesions depending on the vascular location.
Who Owns Our Health? Medical Professionalism, Law and Leadership Beyond the Age of the Market State
Authors: Gerald F. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Higher viral load, higher hepatitis B surface antigen clearance?
Authors: Gin-Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

I read with interest the article by Gordon et al. regarding the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.1 The investigators demonstrated that chronic HBV patients with high viral load (HVL) could achieve 98.3% HBV DNA negatively with long-term TDF treatment, as compared with 99.2% of non-HVL. A remarkable finding was that up to 19.3% hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)+ with HVL patients had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and 13.6% became anti-HBsAb+, significantly higher than the figure of only 4.3% in non-HVL with HBsAg loss and seroconversion. The clearance of HBsAg with seroconversion is an ideal ultimate endpoint of antiviral therapy for HBV patients. Previous studies showed that it is very difficult to achieve this endpoint by therapy with either nucleoside or nucleotide analog.2 Low HBsAg titer, low viral load, HBeAg negative, old age, and cirrhosis have been shown to be important determinants of spontaneous HBsAg clearance.3-5 The results of 3-year TDF treatment for HBV disclosed that 8% of HBeAg+ lost HBsAg.6 Race and genotype A may partly explain the remarkably high rate of seroconversion.6 However, contrary to available evidence, baseline HBV DNA, HBsAg titer, and HBeAg+ were significantly higher among those who cleared HBsAg than those with HBsAg+ persistently. Is this good outcome related to simply TDF effect, previous treatment with adefovir, duration of HBV infection, or inexplicable coincidence? The investigators should explain in more detail on this important issue. Gin-Ho Lo, M.D. Department of Medical Research Digestive Center E-DA Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Use of cocktails of recombinant allergens for diagnosis of mite allergy in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis
Authors: Isabel R Genov, Patricia PO Jorge, Ana Paula Fávaro Trombone, Katia RC Tobias, Virginia Paes Leme Ferriani, Alisa M Smith, Martin D Chapman, L Karla Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Crossed Renal Ectopia With Fusion
Authors: Parul Bhatnagar, Rajnish Sharma, Manju Popli, Poonam Sachdev, Mita Dutta, Ravi Kashyap
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Urinary system anomalies include renal agenesis, supernumerary kidneys, renal ectopia, and fusion anomalies. Demonstration of a congenital renal anomaly plays an important role in the treatment of patients with renal infection. The authors report a case of a 25-year-old woman with a 2-month history of fever, pain, and a palpable lump in the left flank. Blood biochemistry was within normal limits and her kidney–ureter–bladder X-ray revealed no abnormality. She was referred to the authors for renal functional evaluation using Tc-99m DTPA. A diagnosis of fused renal ectopia was made.
Prevalence of myasthenia gravis and associated autoantibodies in paraneoplastic pemphigus and their correlations with symptoms and prognosis
Authors: R. Wang, J. Li, M. Wang, H. Hao, X. Chen, R. Li, X. Zhu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Prevalence of myasthenia gravis and associated autoantibodies in paraneoplastic pemphigus and their correlations with symptoms and prognosis Get access R. Wang, R. Wang Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses Beijing China Correspondence Mingyue Wang. E‐mail: wangmy@pku.edu.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Li, J. Li Department of Dermatology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Wang, M. Wang Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses Beijing China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Hao, H. Hao Department of Neurology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Chen, X. Chen Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses Beijing China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Li, R. Li Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses Beijing China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Zhu X. Zhu Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District Beijing 100034 ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses Beijing China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 4, 1 April 2015, Pages 968–975, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13525 Published: 01 April 2015
Long-term use of entecavir in nucleoside-naïve Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Osamu Yokosuka, Koichi Takaguchi, Shinichi Fujioka, Michiko Shindo, Kazuaki Chayama, Haruhiko Kobashi, Norio Hayashi, Chifumi Sato, Kendo Kiyosawa, Kyuichi Tanikawa, Hiroki Ishikawa, Nobuyuki Masaki, Taku Seriu, Masao Omata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
An α-Melanocyte–Stimulating Hormone Analogue in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
Authors: Juergen Harms, Stephan Lautenschlager, Christoph E Minder, Elisabeth I Minder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, a rare inherited disease, accumulate photosensitizing protoporphyrin in the dermis, which results in severe dermal pain and incapacitating phototoxic reactions when the skin is exposed to visible light, primarily blue light (the Soret band, with the strongest absorbance among the porphyrins).1 Current treatments are partially effective at best (unpublished data). A beneficial effect of melanogenesis induced by natural sunlight or by ultraviolet radiation has been described in anecdotal reports.2,3 Afamelanotide (Nle4-D-Phe7–α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone, formerly called CUV1647) is an α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone analogue that induces epidermal melanin formation.4 Here, we describe the responses . . .
Measles-virus-specific IgG in optic neuritis and in multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis.
Authors: W M Hutchinson, M Haire
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Measles-virus-specific IgG was measured in the serum of 100 patients who had presented with optic neuritis (ON) during 1960-74. When reviewed 41 of them were found to have developed definite symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis (MS), their serum containing significantly higher titres of the antibody than sera from either the rest of the patients or a group of normal healthy controls. In a few patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained in the acute phase of ON, titres of measles IgG in the serum was higher in those in whom the antibody was detected in the CSF than the serum of patients without CSF antibody.
Congestive Heart Failure—Acute Pulmonary Edema
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Acute pulmonary edema is a disorder in which L there is sudden and relatively rapid transudation of fluid from the pulmonary capillary bed into the alveolar spaces. Whereas left ventricular failure is the usual cause of acute pulmonary edema, it also occurs after a variety of noncardiac disturbances, such as inhalation of irritating gases, pulmonary embolism, and intracranial hemorrhage. Instances of acute pulmonary edema secondary to disorders of atrial and ventricular rhythm or to mechanical interference with pulmonary venous drainage (mitral stenosis, stenosis of pulmonary veins) represent special conditions. This communication is concerned primarily with pulmonary edema secondary to congestive left ventricular failure.<sup>1-3</sup> <h3>Mechanism</h3> The fundamental disorder in acute pulmonary edema is failure of the left ventricle to serve as an effective pump, due to imbalance between myocardial contractile strength and myocardial load. Such an imbalance is, in turn, related to a loss or damage of myocardial contractile units.
Mononuclear variant of juvenile xanthogranuloma in the oral cavity of an adult patient
Authors: G. fabrizi, G. Massi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Mononuclear variant of juvenile xanthogranuloma in the oral cavity of an adult patient Get access G. Fabrizi, G. Fabrizi Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F.Vito 1, 0018 Rome, Italy Correspondence: G.Massi.E‐mail: guidomassi@tiscalinet.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Massi G. Massi Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F.Vito 1, 0018 Rome, Italy Correspondence: G.Massi.E‐mail: guidomassi@tiscalinet.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 909–911, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04161.x Published: 01 April 2001
Sentence comprehension and the left inferior frontal gyrus: Storage, not computation
Authors: Laurie A. Stowe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Neuroimaging evidence suggests that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) supports temporary storage of linguistic material during linguistic tasks rather than computing a syntactic representation. The LIFG is not activated by simple sentences but by complex sentences and maintenance of word lists. Under this hypothesis, agrammatism should only disturb comprehension for constructions in which storage is essential.
Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African Populations
Authors: Lionel H. Opie, Yackoob K. Seedat
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is a widespread problem of immense economic importance because of its high prevalence in urban areas, its frequent underdiagnosis, and the severity of its complications. Methods and Results— We searched PubMed and relevant journals for words in the title of this article. Among the major problems in making headway toward better detection and treatment are the limited resources of many African countries. Relatively recent environmental changes seem to be adverse. Mass migration from rural to periurban and urban areas probably accounts, at least in part, for the high incidence of hypertension in urban black Africans. In the remaining semirural areas, inroads in lifestyle changes associated with “civilization” may explain the apparently rising prevalence of hypertension. Overall, significant segments of the African population are still afflicted by severe poverty, famine, and civil strife, making the overall prevalence of hypertension difficult to determine. Black South Africans have a stroke rate twice as high as that of whites. Two lifestyle changes that are feasible and should help to stem the epidemic of hypertension in Africa are a decreased salt intake and decreased obesity, especially in women. Conclusions— Overall, differences from whites in etiology and therapeutic responses in sub-Saharan African populations are graded and overlapping rather than absolute. Further studies are needed on black Africans, who may (or may not) be genetically and environmentally different from black Americans and from each other in different parts of this vast continent.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in Focal Pancreatic Lesions: A Prospective Intraindividual Comparison of Two Needle Assemblies
Authors: A. Fritscher-Ravens, T. Topalidis, C. Bobrowski, C. Krause, F. Thonke, S. Jäckle, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: The results of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in focal pancreatic lesions are less impressive than those in the mediastinum. The aim of this prospectively randomized study was to compare two commercially available needle assemblies with regard to handling and cytopathological yield.
Endovascular Repair of Abdominal and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Barry T. Katzen, Michael D. Dake, Alexandra A. MacLean, David S. Wang
Journal: Circulation (2005)

A ortic aneurysms remain a challenging problem for pa- tients and physicians.There have been major advances in the treatment of large-vessel aneurysms during the past 10 years.The surgical armamentarium used to treat these aneurysms now includes an endovascular approach that allows the insertion of a graft to exclude the aneurysm sac from blood flow.The endovascular repair of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms has become a viable alternative to open repair and is often the approach of choice for high-risk patients.In this review, we examine the endovascular treatment of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic AneurysmsAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a formidable diagnosis for patients.This is a life-threatening condition that mandates consideration of repair.][3] There is, therefore, a clear advantage to treating these aneurysms before they rupture.Because this disease affects 4% to 7% of adults over the age of 65 years, with a far greater prevalence in males than females, clinicians will encounter this problem more frequently as the population ages. 4AAs usually develop in patients with a history of arteriosclerosis or smoking.Patients present for repair when it is discovered that there is a dilation of their abdominal aorta to a diameter 1.5 times normal.The result is a weakened aortic wall that is at increased risk of rupture.The pathogenesis of this aortic wall change likely involves enzymes responsible for elastin and collagen breakdown. 5Recent research has focused on the role of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).Aneurysm presence and size have been correlated with MMP-9 levels.Other investigators are looking into the inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms involved in aneurysmal disease. 6Another area of research is in the molecular genetics of AAAs, because these aneurysms have a well-recognized familial nature.There is also an interest in the analysis of aortic wall stress distribution from a biomechanical approach.Ongoing studies have found that peak wall stress can predict those patients who will experience AAA rupture. 7,8atients with symptomatic aneurysms should be offered repair, after careful consideration of comorbidities, even if From the Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute (B.