tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantification of regional myocardial blood flow using 13N-ammonia and reoriented dynamic positron emission tomographic imaging.
Authors: W G Kuhle, G Porenta, S C Huang, D Buxton, S S Gambhir, H Hansen, M E Phelps, H R Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Regional myocardial blood flow has been quantified using transaxial positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging and tracer kinetic modeling. However, the use of transaxial images limits the accuracy of regional partial volume corrections and the localization of the quantified regional flow values. The purpose of the present study was to overcome both problems by calculating regional flows from reoriented short-axis PET images. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve experiments were performed in four dogs. 13N-ammonia was injected intravenously while microspheres were administered into the left atrium during baseline, hyperemic, and low-flow conditions. Serial transaxial frames were acquired with a 15-plane PET scanner and reoriented into short-axis frames. The arterial input function and eight regional myocardial tissue activity curves were derived from the reoriented frames. The arterial input functions were corrected for ammonia metabolites, and the myocardial tissue curves were corrected for spillover of activity, partial volume effects, and heterogeneities in the image's spatial resolution introduced during reorientation. Corrections for regional partial volume were based on estimates of the regional myocardial activity thickness derived from reoriented diastolic images of the heart. The myocardial 13N-ammonia kinetics were described with a two-pool compartmental model. Values of regional myocardial blood flow by PET correlated linearly with those by microspheres (slope, 0.94; y intercept, 0.06 ml/min/g; r = 0.93) over a wide range of flows. CONCLUSIONS Regional myocardial blood flow can be measured accurately and noninvasively from serially acquired and reoriented short-axis 13N-ammonia images, thus overcoming limitations inherent to the use of transaxially acquired images and permitting a more complete evaluation of regional blood flows throughout the left ventricular myocardium.
316 IN VIVO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: T. Asselah, I. Bièche, A. Mansouri, I. Laurendeau, D. Cazals-Hatem, G. Feldmann, P. Bedossa, V. Paradis, M. Martinot-Peignoux, D. Lebrec, C. Guichard, E. Ogier-Denis, M. Vidaud, Z. Tellier, P. Marcellin, R. Moreau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Geoffrey Michael Aber
Authors: J. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Geoffrey Michael Aber Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Effects of cholera toxin on adenylate cyclase. Studies with guanylylimidodiphosphate.
Authors: J Flores, G W Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Similarities exist between the properties of adenylate cyclase after stimulation by cholera toxin and after stimulation by guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp-(NH)p). Thus a strong stimulation is achieved by both agents, the stimulation is essentially irreversible, the action of certain hormones is enhanced and the enzyme can be solublized with Lubrol PX in the activated state. Because of these similarities the interaction of cholera toxin and Gpp(NH)p on adenylate cyclase was examined. It was found that prior activation of rat liver adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin in vivo, or by cholera toxin and NAD in homogenates, blocked the stimulatory effect of Gpp(NH)p. Furthermore under conditions in which the effect of Gpp(NH)p was less than that of cholera toxin, inhibition of stimulation by cholera toxin was seen. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by maximal concentrations of Gpp(NH)p, but not by submaximal concentrations, blocked the stimulatory effect of cholera toxin. The mutant interference of the actions of these two agents suggests a common target in the regulatory mechanism of the adenylate cyclase complex.
Cancer of the Stomach
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This monograph is a clinical study of 11,817 patients treated surgically in the Mayo Clinic for cancer of the stomach. It was possible to carry out a resection in 5,937 cases. Of the survivors of resection, 4,647 were traced; approximately 30% of this group lived five or more years after operation. This statement alone is enough to indicate the wide experience with this lesion that the three authors and 11 collaborators have had. They have compressed their knowledge into a brief, clear, and comprehensive volume. Many controversial points are considered and the authors' positions supported by adequate data. For example, they place little emphasis on cytological diagnosis, advocating free use of gastrectomy for apparently benign ulcer as an important method of cancer control. They employ subtotal gastrectomy as the therapy of choice, reserving total or extended total gastrectomy for those lesions that cannot be treated in any other fashion. Although
Amlodipine reduces transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease: Double-blind circadian anti-ischemia program in Europe (CAPE trial)
Authors: John E Deanfield, Jean-Marie R.G Detry, Paul R Lichtlen, Bruno Magnani, Philippe Sellier, Eric Thaulow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
ACNE VULGARIS IN INFANTS*
Authors: ROBERT AITKEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1942)

Journal Article ACNE VULGARIS IN INFANTS Get access ROBERT AITKEN, M.D., F.R.C.P. ROBERT AITKEN, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 54, Issue 10, 1 October 1942, Pages 272–273, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1942.tb10562.x Published: 01 October 1942
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tolvaptan in patients with varying degrees of renal function
Authors: Susan E. Shoaf, Patricia Bricmont, Suresh Mallikaarjun
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

The selective vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan is eliminated almost exclusively by non-renal mechanisms. As renal impairment can influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs even when eliminated by non-renal mechanisms, we evaluated the effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of tolvaptan. Thirty-seven patients were grouped by a 24-h creatinine clearance (CrCL) and evaluated for 48 h after a single 60 mg oral dose in the fasting state. Mean tolvaptan exposure was 90% higher in the under 30-ml/min group compared with the over 60-ml/min group with individual values significantly but negatively correlated with increasing baseline CrCL. There was a greater and more rapid increase in urine output and free water clearance in the over 60-ml/min compared with the renal impaired groups, but they returned to baseline more quickly. Serum sodium increased more rapidly in the over 60 as opposed to the under 30-ml/min group, but overall maximum increases were similar across groups. Small decreases in mean CrCL and small increases in mean serum creatinine/potassium were independent of baseline CrCL. The percent fractional free water clearance with respect to CrCL was significantly but negatively correlated with increasing baseline CrCL. No unexpected adverse events were reported. Thus, renal impairment attenuated the increase in 24-h urine volume and free water clearance caused by tolvaptan, consistent with decreased nephron function in renal impairment. The delay in serum sodium increase was consistent with the longer duration needed to excrete sufficient water to cause the increase.
Predicting the Occurrence of Adverse Events after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Jane M. Geraci
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine whether adverse events occurring after coronary artery bypass surgery in Medicare patients can be predicted from clinical variables representing illness severity at admission.Retrospective analysis of clinical data abstracted from hospital charts, with development and validation using half-samples of the database. A logistic model was developed using illness severity at admission to predict the occurrence of an adverse event after bypass surgery.Hospitals in seven states.Random sample of 2213 Medicare patients 65 years of age or more who underwent bypass surgery between January 1985 and June 1986.The occurrence of death within 30 days of admission or any of 13 nonfatal postoperative adverse events (for example, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and wound infection).Thirty-three percent of patients had one or more postoperative adverse events or died within 30 days of admission. Mortality within 30 days of admission was 6.6%; each adverse event was associated with increased mortality (range, 7.5% to 66.7%). Admission predictors of the occurrence of an adverse event included a history of bypass surgery, emergent surgery, a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the presence of an infiltrate on admission chest radiograph, a pulse of 110 beats/min or more, age, blood urea nitrogen of 10.7 mmol/L (30 mg/dL) or more, acute myocardial infarction at admission, and a history of myocardial infarction; the presence of one- or two-vessel disease was negatively associated with the occurrence of an adverse event. The model c-statistic was 0.64.Severity of illness at admission has modest predictive power with respect to adverse-event occurrence in Medicare patients who undergo bypass surgery.
Treatment of Refractory Angina Pectoris With Nitroglycerin and Graded Exercise
Authors: Jack M. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The treatment of 17 persons incapacitated by refractory angina pectoris was initiated during a three-week hospital program. The patients ranged in age from the mid 30's to mid 60's and included one woman and 16 men. They were unable to walk more than half a block without inducing anginal attacks. These patients required daily 15 to 25 nitroglycerin tablets taken sublingually. The program consisted of graded increments of treadmill exercise preceded by administration of nitroglycerin and with continuous cardiac monitoring. Its basis was to increase the work load of the heart during the maximal dilatory effects of nitroglycerin taken sublingually, the end result being permanent enlargement of the collateral circulation and more efficient myocardial extraction of oxygen. All 17 patients improved and none suffered further myocardial damage during or after the program, while continuing their exercises at home. Follow-up over one year has shown continued improvement in 15 patients.
Optimization of transgene expression at the posttranscriptional level in neural cells: implications for gene therapy
Authors: Sophie Brun, Nicole Faucon-Biguet, Jacques Mallet
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Gene delivery vectors need to fulfill several efficacy and safety criteria before they can be used in humans. Successful clinical application requires effective transgene expression with a minimum of vector-associated toxicity. We describe the use of posttranscriptional regulatory elements in plasmid and lentiviral vectors coding for luciferase. These constructs allow high-level gene expression in both neuronal and glial cells. Of the several elements that we tested, WPRE gave the highest level of expression. Further enhancements were obtained when WPRE was combined with sequences corresponding to the 3' or 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs (tau 3'UTR, TH 3'UTR, and APP 5'UTR). In neuronal cells, WPRE and both tau 3'UTR and APP 5'UTR had an additive effect on expression. The combination of the three elements increased the basal level of expression by up to 26-fold. In glial cells, WPRE and APP 5'UTR had additive effects on expression, and their combination increased expression up to 10-fold. These results provide important information regarding the development of optimal CNS gene transfer vectors not only for gene therapy but also for the study of gene function.
Alpha thalassemia and stroke risk in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Robert J. Adams, Abdullah Kutlar, Virgil McKie, Elizabeth Carl, Fenwick T. Nichols, Jin Cal Liu, Kathleen McKie, Anthony Clary
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract In an effort to identify possible risk factors for stroke in Sickle Cell Anemia (Hb SS), we analyzed the distribution of alpha‐globin gene deletions in a group of Hb SS patients with and without stroke. The group with stroke consisted of 44 patients, (27 male, 17 female) with a mean of 7.5 years at time of stroke. The control group (non‐stroke) had 256 Hb SS patients (126 male, 130 female) with a mean age of 7.7 years. There were 9 patients with heterozygous α‐thalassemia in the stroke group (20.5%). In the control group, there were 93 patients with heterozygous α‐thalassemia and 5 with homozygous α‐thalassemia. The incidence of α‐thalassemia in Hb SS patients without stroke (38%) was comparable to that reported for the African‐American population in general. The incidence in the stroke population (20.5%) was significantly lower (P = 0.02) These results indicate that α‐thalassemia is associated with a lower risk of stroke in Hb SS. This observation should be confirmed in studies involving larger numbers of patients. Possible protective effects of α‐thaiassemia are unknown but may be related to decreased hemolysis and more favorable rheologlc properties of red blood cells. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac-targeted delivery of regulatory RNA molecules and genes for the treatment of heart failure
Authors: W. Poller, R. Hajjar, H. P. Schultheiss, H. Fechner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) in its many facets of structure and function is becoming more fully understood, and, therefore, it is possible to design and use RNAs as valuable tools in molecular biology and medicine. Understanding of the role of RNAs within the cell has changed dramatically during the past few years. Therapeutic strategies based on non-coding regulatory RNAs include RNA interference (RNAi) for the silencing of specific genes, and microRNA (miRNA) modulations to alter complex gene expression patterns. Recent progress has allowed the targeting of therapeutic RNAi to the heart for the treatment of heart failure, and we discuss current strategies in this field. Owing to the peculiar biochemical properties of small RNA molecules, the actual therapeutic translation of findings in vitro or in cell cultures is more demanding than with small molecule drugs or proteins. The critical requirement for animal studies after pre-testing of RNAi tools in vitro likewise applies for miRNA modulations, which also have complex consequences for the recipient that are dependent on stability and distribution of the RNA tools. Problems in the field that are not yet fully solved are the prediction of targets and specificity of the RNA tools as well as their tissue-specific and regulatable expression. We discuss analogies and differences between regulatory RNA therapy and classical gene therapy, since recent breakthroughs in vector technology are of importance for both. Recent years have witnessed parallel progress in the fields of gene-based and regulatory RNA-based therapies that are likely to significantly expand the cardiovascular therapeutic repertoire within the next decade.
Abstract 1901: EGFR and K-Ras mutations and resistance of lung cancers to IGF-1R TKI
Authors: Woo-Young Kim, Ludmila Prudkin, Lei Feng, Edward Kim, Bryan Hennessy, Ju-Seog Lee, J. Jack Lee, Bonnie Glisson, Scott Lippman, Ignacio Wistuba, Waun Ki Hong, Ho-Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have responded poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We investigated the involvement of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in primary resistance to EGFR TKIs and the molecular determinants of resistance to IGF-1R TKIs. Methods: Phosphorylated IGF-1R/insulin receptor (pIGF-1R/IR) was immunohistochemically evaluated in a NSCLC tissue microarray. We analyzed the antitumor effects of an IGF-1R TKI (PQIP or OSI-906), either alone or in combination with a small-molecular inhibitor (PD98059 or U0126) or with siRNA targeting K-Ras or MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), in vitro and in vivo in NSCLC cells with variable histologic features and EGFR or K-Ras mutations. Results: pIGF-1R/IR expression in NSCLC specimens was associated with a history of tobacco smoking, squamous cell carcinoma histology, mutant (mut) K-Ras, and wild-type (wt) EGFR, all of which have been strongly associated with poor response to EGFR TKIs. IGF-1R TKIs exhibited significant antitumor activity in NSCLC cells with wt EGFR and wt K-Ras but not in those with mutations in these genes. Introduction of mut K-Ras attenuated the effects of IGF-1R TKIs on NSCLC cells expressing wt K-Ras. Conversely, inactivation of MEK restored sensitivity to IGF-TKIs in cells carrying mut K-Ras. Conclusions: The mutation status of both EGFR and K-Ras could be predictive markers of response to IGF-1R TKIs. Also, MEK antagonism can abrogate primary resistance of NSCLC cells to IGF-1R TKIs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1901. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1901
Decline in liver neoplasms in wild brown bullhead catfish after coking plant closes and environmental PAHs plummet.
Authors: P C Baumann, J C Harshbarger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both sediment and brown bullhead catfish tissues from the Black River in Lorain County, Ohio, declined by 65% and 93%, respectively, between 1980 and 1982. Sediment PAHs declined an additional 99% by 1987, coincident with the closure of a coking facility in 1983. Contemporaneously, liver cancer in 3- to 4-year-old brown bullheads declined to about one-quarter the 1982 frequency (10% versus 39%) by 1987, while the percentage of livers without any proliferative lesions doubled (42% versus 20%). These changes were significant within age group. Our data affirm a cause-and-effect relationship between PAH exposure and liver cancer in wild fish. The data also support the efficacy of natural, unassisted remediation once the source of the pollution is eliminated.
The Role of Anger in Hypertension
Authors: H.M. van der Ploeg, E.T. van Buuren, P. van Brummelen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

We report a study about the administration of two Dutch questionnaires (the State-Trait Anger Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) to a sample of patients with essential hypertension and to a matched control group. Analyses of the test results demonstrated that some significant differences could be observed in the levels of anxiety and anger. Special attention was paid to certain test-item answers, showing that hypertensives, although feeling irritated and angry, retreat to some extent from showing their anger.
BIOMED-1 Concerted Action report: Flow cytometric characterization of CD7+ cell subsets in normal bone marrow as a basis for the diagnosis and follow-up of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: A Porwit-MacDonald, E Björklund, P Lucio, EG van Lochem, J Mazur, A Parreira, MWM van den Beemd, ER van Wering, E Baars, G Gaipa, A Biondi, J Ciudad, JJM van Dongen, JF San Miguel, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Interaction of Sodium Warfarin and Disulfiram (Antabuse®) in Man
Authors: ROBERT A. O'REILLY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

To evaluate the interaction of sodium warfarin and disulfiram (Antabuse®), a single dose (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and a 21-day course of sodium warfarin were administered orally, with and without disulfiram orally, to eight normal subjects. A significant augmentation of both the hypoprothrombinemia (P < 0.01) and the plasma warfarin level (P < 0.05) occurred with daily disulfiram compared with warfarin alone, for both the single-dose and 21-day experiments. In the single-dose and 21-day experiments a highly significant correlation of the changes in plasma warfarin levels and in the hypoprothrombinemia occurred, which was positive in 13 and negative in 2 experiments. We conclude that disulfiram increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin therapy in most but not all subjects by inhibiting its metabolism in the liver. An augmentation of the therapeutic effect of a drug by disulfiram has thus been shown for the first time in humans.
Endurance in sport
Authors: Y. Koutedakis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

This volume is another comprehensive and authoritative publication for the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine, the result of collaboration between the IOC Medical Commission and the International Federation of Sports Medicine.The editors present a well organized total of 57 contributions, grouped into seven different sections, covering many aspects of aerobic endurance and its application to sport.The first section contains semantic and physiological definitions and notes that the lengths both of competition and of training determine whether an event can be classified as 'endurance'.The second section, entitled 'General Scientific Considerations' consists of . . .
Evaluation of the Pressor, Cardiac, and Renal Hemodynamic Properties of Angiotensin II in Man
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY, GLORIA DECARLO MASSARO, VICTOR CHUPKOVICH, JOHN TUCKMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

These data demonstrate that in normal subjects angiotensin II is 10 times as potent as norepinephrine, which it resembles hemodynamically. An increase in the systolic pressure is associated with significant increase in diastolic pressure, increase in venous pressure, decrease in heart rate, slight decrease in cardiac output with striking increase in total peripheral resistance, decrease in renal blood flow, decreased glomerular filtration rate, increase in filtration fraction, arid slight decrease in urinary volume. Preliminary studies of patients in shock suggest that angiotensin II is two or three times as potent as norepinephrine. Continuous administration is not associated with the development of resistance or tachyphylaxis, nor does sloughing of tissues occur when there is leakage outside the vein.
THYROID OPOTHERAPY IN DYSPITUITARISM
Authors: JAMES WYNN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Since the clinical scope and practical limitations of organotherapy will be ultimately defined only through the study of case histories as well as experiment protocols, there would seem to be justification for placing on record a case of dyspituitarism which has been under observation for twenty-eight months and in which the correlation between clinical status and the amount of thyroid extract ingested is well illustrated. The patient's imperfect cooperation during the earlier months of treatment has afforded a striking demonstration of the effects of both insufficient and excessive opotherapy.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —W., a man, aged 35, seen, Dec. 11, 1922, gave a history of increasing drowsiness which had begun about three years before, and had become so marked that he would fall asleep during business conferences or while dictating letters. He had to be aroused once while answering questions relative to his medical history. There was obvious difficulty