tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRACTURE, AND EXCISION OF THE ENDS OF BONES; ALSO VARIOUS RESULTS OF INJURIES TO BONES
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1854)

SoxE of the following cases of fracture and excision of the ends of bones are reported to illustrate the practicability of cfining separated and very moveable portions of bone by mens of ligature applied immediately to the ends; and others, to show different results of similar injuries, when attended by different complications.The idea of applying direct mechanical means of control to the ends of bones, in very moveable cases of fracture, was suggested to my mind while treating Case v undermentioned, which happened in 1839.I adopted it in Case i undermentioned; and the case having terminated so satisfactorily, I communicated the principal features of it to the late Mr. Liston, and from him I learned that the use of wire ligature in bone was not altogether new; but I remained ignorant of any farther statistics of its use till August 1852, when I leamed from the Lancet that it had been used by Dr. Valentine Mott, of Philadelphia, in 1826; and that it had also been used by M. Flaubert, of Rouen, at some subsequent period.The paragraph alluded to was quoted from the BritiAi and Foreign edico-kChirurgiwal Review for July 1852; and, upon referring to that journal, I found the following stated at page 133.It is a review of part of an essay upon the value of seton as a remedy in ununited fractures, con- tributed by Dr. Mott to the New York Academy of Medi- cine, and is as follows:-" The fifth case was an ununited fracture of the os brachii, of eight months' standing, in a 'boy aged twelve; the fragments being conical, and sepa- :rated from each other by at least an inch.Two setons were passed at intervals, and respectively maintained for several months, without any benefit resulting; the ends of the bone were now sawn off, and a silver wire passed through each, twisted, and brought out externally through a canula.The wire cut out from one of the bones in a few days, and the
Factors Influencing Stability and Necrosis of Impacted Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Robert E. Bunata, John J. Fahey, Denis B. Drennan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One hundred fifty-three impacted femoral neck fractures were studied to define the usual initial displacement of these fractures. The average fracture had a Pauwel's angle of 41°, was in valgus, and was only minimally displaced on the lateral view. All fractures that were either inherently stable or internally fixed healed without incident. However, seven fractures with high Pauwel's angles displaced under conservative management. Statistical analysis confirmed the correlation of fracture stability and Pauwel's angle. Our incidence of avascular necrosis was 16.9%. Extreme valgus displacement correlated with the occurrence of avascular necrosis.
Heart muscle disease related to HIV infection
Authors: P. Kelleher, J. Sweeney, J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Proportions (95% confidence intervals) ofrespondents who had nebulisers in their practice and who took peakflow meters on house calls and change in respondents' responses between 1989 and 1994 All respondents Paired comparison 1989 1994 between 1989 and 1994 %0(95% % (95% Median change Confidence Confidence No of (interquartile No intervals) No intervals) pairs range)* Pt Nebuliser in practice 198 91-4 (87-5 to 95 3) 189 98-4 (96-6 to 100-2) 146 0 (0 to 1) 0 03 Takes meteron house calls 198 31-8 (25-3 to 38-3) 191 34-6 (27-8 to 41-4) 148 0 (Oto2) 09 *Positive values indicate increase.tSigned rank statistic.
Book Review Human Cancer Viruses: Principles of Transformation and Pathogenesis (Translational Research in Biomedicine. Vol. 1.) Edited by John Nicholas, Kuan-Teh Jeang, and T.-C. Wu. 244 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2008. $212. 978-3-8055-8576-7 (cloth); 978-3-8055-8577-4 (e-book).
Authors: Lee Ratner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Analysis of NPHS1, NPHS2, ACTN4, and WT1 in Japanese patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Mayumi Sako, Koichi Nakanishi, Mina Obana, Nahoko Yata, Sakurako Hoshii, Shori Takahashi, Naohiro Wada, Yasuhiko Takahashi, Yoshitsugu Kaku, Kenichi Satomura, Masahiro Ikeda, Masataka Honda, Kazumoto Iijima, Norishige Yoshikawa
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Antibody to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Suboptimal Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination
Authors: Ann C. Collier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To analyze the relation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the antibody response to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. Design: Open-label longitudinal cohort study; blinded laboratory studies. Setting: University-affiliated municipal hospital. Patients: Homosexually active men with negative assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen, and antibody to HBsAg; recruited in a sexually transmitted disease clinic or referred from community practitioners. Interventions: Immunization with 20 µg of plasma-derived hepatitis B virus vaccine intramuscularly, repeated after 1 and 6 months; standardized evaluation at entry and at 1, 2, 6, and 7 months. Measurements and Main Results: Low antibody response or nonresponse to vaccination occurred in 7 of 16 HIV-seropositive patients, compared with 6 of 68 HIV-seronegative patients (P = 0.002). Median levels of antibody to HBsAg 7 months after the first vaccine dose were 205.3 sample ratio units for HIV-seronegative patients and 15.5 sample ratio units for HIV-seropositive patients. By multivariate analysis, vaccine response was associated with HIV antibody status and not with cytomegalovirus infection, lymphocyte subset results, or impaired cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity. Conclusions: Infection with HIV is associated with suboptimal antibody response to plasma-derived hepatitis B virus vaccine. Determination of antibody levels after vaccination in HIV-seropositive patients may be warranted.
Abstract 5014: Identification and analysis of critical domains within the neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene CASZ1
Authors: Ryan A. Virden, Zhihui Liu, Carol J. Thiele
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is an enigmatic pediatric cancer for which highly successful therapies have been developed for tumors displaying favorable characteristics, while poor prognoses persist for unfavorable tumors. Chromosome 1p36 is frequently lost in the tumors of many patients with unfavorable prognoses and harbors the locus of the zinc finger (ZF) transcription factor CASZ1. Low CASZ1 expression is significantly associated with lower overall patient survival in NB. Functionally, CASZ1 suppresses NB tumor cell growth and regulates a number of key genes important in neural development (e.g. TrkA, p75 and tyrosine hydoxylase [TH]). It has been shown that high expression of TrkA and p75 are both independently associated with good prognoses in NB patients. Despite the important role of CASZ1 in neural development and NB tumor suppression, the key domains that mediate the activation role of CASZ1 have never been elucidated. In order to address this question, we performed a detailed analysis of CASZ1 protein isoform A (CASZ1a), which contains five ZF's. Abrogation of CASZ1a function was determined by loss of the ability to induce endogenous TrkA, p75 and TH mRNA transcription as well as by loss of the ability to activate a TH promoter-luciferase reporter construct. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we individually mutated each of the five ZF's and discovered that loss of any one of ZF1-4 resulted in a 72-98% loss of function compared to wild-type CASZ1a (p &amp;lt; 0.001), without altering protein stability or nuclear localization. Also, deletion of the C-terminal sequence AA728-1166 (a 38% truncation of the protein) did not appreciably alter function. However, a series of N-terminal truncations revealed a novel nuclear localization signal (NLS) at AA23-29, and it was found that CASZ1a depends on this NLS to localize to the nucleus. In addition, a critical activation domain was mapped to AA31-185 of the N-terminus, which also coincides with a newly identified CASZ1a homodimerization domain. Loss of this activation domain resulted in a complete loss of CASZ1a-mediated induction of the target genes TrkA, p75 and TH (p &amp;lt; 0.001), without affecting protein stability or nuclear localization. Therefore, the discovery and analysis of critical domains in this study has linked CASZ1a loss of function to the loss of induction of the positive NB prognostic factors p75 and TrkA. This demonstrates how the loss of CASZ1a may contribute to the pathogenesis and abysmal survivability of high stage neuroblastoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5014.
Antigen receptors on murine T lymphocytes in contact sensitivity. I. Functional inhibition of effector T cells by monovalent 2,4-dinitrophenol: implication for a two-receptor model.
Authors: J W Moorhead
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Experiments were done to investigate the nature of the antigen receptor on lymph node(LN) T cells from mice sensitized to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). LN cells or purified T cells were treated in vitro with monovalent or different multivalent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) ligands. The effect of this treatment was measured by testing the ability of the cells to transfer contact sensitivity (CS) to DNFB into naive recipients. We found that treatment of the T cells in vitro with either epsilon-DNP-L-lysine or DNP-protein conjugates inhibits the transfer of CS in a dose-dependent way. The inhibition is hapten specific and is not mediated by activation of suppressor cells. Inhibition of the T cells by hapten in vitro is rapid (15-30 min) and temperature independent but requires divalent cations in the treatment medium. In addition, it was found that hapten-treated T cells are unable to adsorb specific anti-idiotype antibody, and this inhibition of adsorption is hapten specific. Collectively, these data indicate that DNFB-immune T cells express a receptor specific for the hapten DNP and provide evidence that supports a two-receptor model for T cell recognition of antigen.
TWO-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER UTILIZATION OF THE TAXUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IN BIFURCATIONS AND MULTIVESSEL STENTING IN THE ARRIVE REGISTRIES
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, John M. Lasala, David A. Cox, Thomas S. Bowman, Ruth M. Starzyk, Keith D. Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Editorial: Pneumococcal appendicitis and cecitis
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although microbiologic examinations are rarely performed (or needed) in cases of acute appendicitis, companion articles in the current issue of<i>Archives of Surgery</i>emphatically demonstrate exceptions. Dimond and Proctor (111:552-553, 1976) report the case of a 9-year-old boy who had classical symptoms and signs of acute appendicitis. At laparotomy, a cloudy, odorless exudate surrounded an acutely suppurative appendix, which was removed. Eighteen hours postoperatively, the patient's leukocyte count rose to 21,000/cu mm, and eight hours later, symptoms and signs of meningitis appeared. The spinal fluid contained numerous neutrophils and Gram-positive diplococci. At that time, cephalothin therapy, which had been started earlier, was withdrawn, and after intensive penicillin therapy was started, the infection was successfully quelled. Subsequent culture growths from peritoneal fluid, blood, and spinal fluid proved that the infection was caused by<i>Diplococcus pneumoniae</i>. Also, Gram-positive diplococci were found by microscopy in the wall and lumen of the appendix. In
Clonal expansions of cytotoxic T cells exist in the blood of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia but exhibit anergic properties and are eliminated by nucleoside analogue therapy
Authors: Jia Li, Daniel M.-Y. Sze, Ross D. Brown, Mark J. Cowley, Warren Kaplan, Sui-Lin Mo, Shihong Yang, Esther Aklilu, Karieshma Kabani, Yen S. Loh, Tetsuo Yamagishi, Yuling Chen, P. Joy Ho, Douglas E. Joshua
Journal: Blood (2010)
Coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of prostaglandins in the unanaesthetized dog
Authors: C. M. BLOOR, F. C. WHITE, B. E. SOBEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Since prostaglandins appear to be important mediators of blood flow in the coronary and systemic vascular beds, we studied coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of prostaglandins A1 (PGA1), E1 (PGE1), and F2α (PGF2α administered by intravenous, intra-atrial, and intracoronary routes in 14 intact, unanaesthetized dogs. PGF2α, (0·01-1·0 (μg/kg intravenously) did not alter coronary or systemic haemodynamics. Intra-atrial doses of PGA1 and PGE1 (0·01-1·0 (xg/kg) increased coronary blood flow, heart rate, and cardiac output by 35—62%, 22—57%, and 8—14%, respectively, while it decreased mean aortic pressure and peripheral vascular resistance by 8—14% and 26—36% respectively. PGA1 and PGA1 injected directly into the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, increased coronary blood flow by 53% before any change in heart rate, mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, or myocardial oxygen usage. Since PGA1, unlike many other prostaglandins, is not inactivated by transit through the pulmonary circulation, it may be of value in increasing coronary blood flow and in augmenting cardiac output in the setting of myocardial ischaemia.
Decompression sickness Role of patent foramen ovale is limited
Authors: S Cross, K Jennings, L Thomson, J J W Sykes
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, — Wilmshurst et al have reported an association between patent foramen ovale and some forms of decompression sickness.1 Our initial experience of performing contrast echocardiography in divers with decompression sickness, which we reported in a letter rather than a peer reviewed paper because we studied our subjects in an uncontrolled and non-blinded manner, failed to confirm this.2 J J W Sykes states that the link between a shunt and decompression sickness is controversial, giving a reference to our letter.3 Peter Wilmshurst, who criticises our findings,4 will recall that at the conclusion of …
A human T cell lymphoma secreting an immunoglobulin E specific helper factor.
Authors: M C Young, H Harfi, R Sabbah, D Y Leung, R S Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

An 8-yr-old nonallergic girl with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had markedly elevated serum IgE at presentation (greater than 10,000 IU/ml), negative skin tests to a battery of 24 common allergens, and no evidence of parasitic infestation. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM were normal. Remission after cytotoxic chemotherapy was accompanied by a marked reduction in serum IgE levels (to less than 200 IU/ml) with no change in the level of serum IgG, IgM, or IgA. Recurrence of the lymphoma 7 mo after remission was accompanied by an isotype specific rise in serum IgE (to 3,850 IU/ml). Isoelectric focusing revealed that the IgE was polyclonal. Phenotypic analysis of the lymphoma obtained during relapse revealed all (greater than 98%) cells to be T3+, T4+, and T8+. Incubation of lymphoma cells with human myeloma IgE followed by immunosorbent purified fluorescein tagged goat anti-human IgE (anti-IgE PS-adsorbed over IgE ADZ) stained 25% of the cells. In contrast, less than 1% of the cells were stained after incubation with human IgG followed by fluorescein conjugated goat anti-human IgE. Supernatants from lymphoma cells (5 X 10(6)/ml, 48 h) enhanced IgE production in B cells derived from four patients with allergic rhinitis (mean +/- SD picograms per milliliter of net IgE 930 +/- 320 in unstimulated cultures versus 2,450 +/- 650 in cultures stimulated with lymphoma supernatants; P less than 0.01) but did not induce IgE synthesis in B cells from two normal subjects that synthesized no IgE spontaneously. Lymphoma supernatants failed to enhance IgG synthesis by B cells of both allergic and nonallergic subjects. These results indicate that a T cell lymphoma comprised of cells bearing Fc receptors for IgE with a phenotype characteristic of immature T cells (i.e., T3+, T4+, T8+) exhibited IgE specific helper function. This lymphoma may represent the monoclonal expansion of a subpopulation of IgE specific helper T cells.
One Cause of Sickness and Discomfort Largely Preventable.
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Owing to the drouth, fires, especially in swampy places, are numerous, and the atmosphere is unusually smoky and irritating to the eyes, head and air-passages. Some diseases are aggravated,<sup>1</sup>sleeplessness, nervous disturbance, general discomfort and, I believe, other serious troubles not commonly recognized as due to this cause, result, because the atmosphere is to a considerable extent unfitted to properly sustain life. One apparent change in the atmosphere is to lessen, below the normal limit, the active oxygen, and this is especially true during the nights; thus, during the week ending October 19th no ozone whatever could be detected in the atmosphere at Lansing on any night except one, Wednesday. A sense of want of air, even approaching suffocation, and a weakness of the circulation, in some approaching heart failure, has been noticed. The object of this note is to ask attention to the fact that
Lymphoscintigraphy in the Evaluation of Limb Edema
Authors: P. Shanmuga Sundaram, Padma Subramanyam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Lymphedema is a chronic condition caused by ineffective lymphatic transport that results in edema and skin damage. Distinguishing lymphedema from other causes can be difficult. Lymphoscintigraphy is a simple and noninvasive functional test for the evaluation of the lymphatic system. (99m)Technetium-labeled sulfur colloid is injected intradermally at the interdigital web spaces of the upper/lower limbs. Once injected, the radiolabeled colloid particles travel through the superficial lymphatic channels. Thus, their lymphatic transport is monitored with dual-head gamma camera. The typical patterns of upper and lower limb lymphedema on lymphoscintigraphy are summarized in this section.
A CD99-related antigen on endothelial cells mediates neutrophil but not lymphocyte extravasation in vivo
Authors: M. Gabriele Bixel, Björn Petri, Alexander G. Khandoga, Andrej Khandoga, Karen Wolburg-Buchholz, Hartwig Wolburg, Sigrid März, Fritz Krombach, Dietmar Vestweber
Journal: Blood (2007)
Controlled Sedation with Alphaxalone-Alphadolone
Authors: M. A. E. Ramsay, T. M. Savege, B. R. J. Simpson, R. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Alphaxalone-alphadolone (Althesin), diluted and administered as a controlled infusion, was used as a sedative for 30 patients in an intensive therapy unit. This technique allowed rapid and accurate control of the level of sedation. It had three particularly useful applications: it provided "light sleep," allowed rapid variation in the level of sedation, and enabled repeated assessment of the central nervous system.Sedation was satisfactory for 86% of the total time, and no serious complications were attributed to the use of the drug. Furthermore, though alphaxalone-alphadolone was given for periods up to 20 days there was no evidence of tachyphylaxis or delay in recovery time.
Fatal breathing problems are four times as likely in intensive care as in general anaesthesia for surgery
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Intensive care units should routinely use a capnograph to monitor breathing to significantly reduce numbers of deaths and brain damage, a new report concludes.

The report by the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society also found that obese patients are twice as likely to develop serious airway problems while under a general anaesthetic as non-obese patients. Patients with severe obesity (body mass index over 40) are four times as likely to develop such problems.

The prospective study monitored all major complications of airway management that occurred among the 2.9 million patients given a general anaesthetic in the United Kingdom each year and in intensive care units and emergency departments in 2008-9.

The findings show that …
Retroviral transformation in vitro of chicken T cells expressing either alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cell receptors by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T.
Authors: M D Marmor, T Benatar, M J Ratcliffe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Exposure of normal juvenile chicken bone marrow cells to the replication defective avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T) (chicken syncytial virus [CSV]) in vitro resulted in the generation of transformed cell lines containing T cells. The transformed T cells derived from bone marrow included cells expressing either alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cell receptors (TCRs) in proportions roughly equivalent to the proportions of TCR-alpha/beta and TCR-gamma/delta T cells found in the normal bone marrow in vivo. Essentially all TCR-alpha/beta-expressing transformed bone marrow-derived T cells expressed CD8, whereas few, if any, expressed CD4. In contrast, among TCR-gamma/delta T cells, both CD8+ and CD8- cells were derived, all of which were CD4-. Exposure of ex vivo spleen cells to REV-T(CSV) yielded transformed polyclonal cell lines containing &amp;gt; 99% B cells. However, REV-T(CSV) infection of mitogen-activated spleen cells in vitro resulted in transformed populations containing predominantly T cells. This may be explained at least in part by in vitro activation resulting in dramatically increased levels of T cell REV-T(CSV) receptor expression. In contrast to REV-T(CSV)-transformed lines derived from normal bone marrow, transformed lines derived from activated spleen cells contained substantial numbers of CD4+ cells, all of which expressed TCR-alpha/beta. While transformed T cells derived from bone marrow were stable for extended periods of in vitro culture and were cloned from single cells, transformed T cells from activated spleen were not stable and could not be cloned. We have therefore dissociated the initial transformation of T cells with REV-T(CSV) from the requirements for long-term growth. These results provide the first demonstration of efficient in vitro transformation of chicken T lineage cells by REV-T(CSV). Since productive infection with REV-T(CSV) is not sufficient to promote long-term growth of transformed cells, these results further suggest that immortalization depends not only upon expression of the v-rel oncogene but also on intracellular factor(s) whose expression varies according to the state of T cell physiology and/or activation.
Coffee and Plasma Lipid Levels-Reply
Authors: Peter O. Kwiterovich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Kokjohn for her interest in our study and offer these answers to her questions. The 90th percentile of plasma total cholesterol levels for age was determined by the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.<sup>1</sup>Morbid obesity was defined as a body weight equal to or greater than 200% of ideal body weight for height, defined as the midpoint of the weight range for mediumframed men at given heights from Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables of 1959.<sup>2</sup> All subjects assigned to drink coffee were asked to prepare their coffee using the same recipe, so that the treatment would remain consistent throughout the study for all subjects, and still permit enough additional coffee to be prepared for a spouse or other family member without the inconvenience of brewing two separate carafes of coffee. Data on compliance indicate that this did not lead to protocol violations. One
Gastric Plasma Cell Granuloma
Authors: E. Domenichini, H.M. Martiarena, H.H. Rubio
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

A Borrmann type III antral carcinoma-like lesion, with negative multiple biopsies for cancer but with diffuse and heavy plasmocytic infiltration, revealed a polyclonal immunoglobulin pattern on immunohistochemistry. No abnormal urine or serum proteins were detected, nor any abnormalities in the bone marrow or bones. This case is, as far as we know, the third reported case of gastric plasma cell granuloma.