tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oxandrolone Treatment on the Activity of Lipoprotein Lipase, Hepatic Lipase and Phospholipase a<sub>1</sub>of Human Postheparin Plasma
Authors: Christian Ehnholm, Jussi K. Huttunen, Paavo J. Kinnunen, Tatu A. Miettinen, Esko A. Nikkilä
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The effect of a synthetic steroid, oxandrolone, on total postheparin plasma lipolytic activity, postherpain hepatic lipase activity, lipoprotein lipase and phospholipase A1 was studied in seven patients with hypertriglyceridemia. The mean total postheparin lipolytic activity increased 100 per cent during oxandrolone tratement (p smaller than 0.05). This change was caused mainly by postheparin hepatic lipase, whose activity increased on the average more than 2.5 times (p smaller than 0.001). The change in postheparin plasma-lipoprotein-lipase activity was insignificant. A highly significant correlation (r equals +0.87, p smaller than 0.01) was observed between the activities of postheparin hepatic lipase and phospholipase A1 before and during oxandrolone treatment. No relation was observed between serum triglyceride level and various postheparin lipase activities, or between the changes induced by oxandrolone in the level of serum lipids and the activities of postheparin lipases. We conclude that oxandrolone increases the activities of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase and phospholipase A1 but has little influence on lipoprotein lipase.
Sequence analysis of T-cell repertoires in health and disease
Authors: Daniel J Woodsworth, Mauro Castellarin, Robert A Holt
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) variability enables the cellular immune system to discriminate between self and non-self. High-throughput TCR sequencing (TCR-seq) involves the use of next generation sequencing platforms to generate large numbers of short DNA sequences covering key regions of the TCR coding sequence, which enables quantification of T-cell diversity at unprecedented resolution. TCR-seq studies have provided new insights into the healthy human T-cell repertoire, such as revised estimates of repertoire size and the understanding that TCR specificities are shared among individuals more frequently than previously anticipated. In the context of disease, TCR-seq has been instrumental in characterizing the recovery of the immune repertoire after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the method has been used to develop biomarkers and diagnostics for various infectious and neoplastic diseases. However, T-cell repertoire sequencing is still in its infancy. It is expected that maturation of the field will involve the introduction of improved, standardized tools for data handling, deposition and statistical analysis, as well as the emergence of new and equivalently large-scale technologies for T-cell functional analysis and antigen discovery. In this review, we introduce this nascent field and TCR-seq methodology, we discuss recent insights into healthy and diseased TCR repertoires, and we examine the applications and challenges for TCR-seq in the clinic.
Enhanced expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. Differential regulation of hsp70 expression and hsf1 activation in synovial fibroblasts by proinflammatory cytokines, shear stress, and antiinflammatory drugs.
Authors: G Schett, K Redlich, Q Xu, P Bizan, M Gröger, M Tohidast-Akrad, H Kiener, J Smolen, G Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Heat shock proteins (hsp) have been repeatedly implicated to participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Herein, we investigated the regulation of synovial hsp70 expression by analyzing the DNA-binding activity of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) as well as inducible hsp70 expression. Experiments were performed both on synovial tissue and on synovial fibroblast-like cells (SFC). Gel mobility shift analysis revealed increased HSF1 activation, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed increased hsp70 expression in RA synovial tissue, but not in synovial tissue derived from patients with osteoarthritis. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6), but not IFN-gamma or TGF-beta, induced activation of HSF1-DNA binding and hsp70 expression in cultivated SFC. Activation of HSF1 in SFC was accompanied by hyperphosphorylation and nuclear translocation of HSF1. Furthermore, shear stress also induced a complete heat shock response in cultivated synovial cells. In contrast, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs triggered only an incomplete heat shock response, with HSF1 activation but not hsp70 induction, whereas steroids and immunosuppressive drugs did not affect the heat shock response at all. In summary, these data suggest that induction of hsp70 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissue is based on transcriptional activation of HSF1 due to the presence of proinflammatory cytokines (and possibly also shear stress).
Endotoxin and Asthma
Authors: Peter S. Thorne, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

In their recent study on endotoxin exposure as a risk factor for asthma, Thorne and colleagues found a relation between floor dust endotoxin levels and diagnosed asthma, asthmamedication, and wheezing among adults (1). While I agree with the authors’ conclusion that the symptomatology reflects an inflammatory response that is more pronounced among those with an allergy, I would caution against any conclusions concerning causality. In house dust, endotoxin is only one of many microbial cell wall agents (MCWAs) with biological effects; other examples are mycobacterial lipoglycans, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, N-acetylmuramic acid, and lipoarabinomannan (2). Many MCWAs have inflammatory properties. Although the MCWA (1-3)-D-glucan is not inflammatory by itself (3), it reflects the presence of mold cells, which cause a neutrophilic inflammation akin to endotoxin. Previous reports have shown a significant correlation between levels of airborne endotoxin and (1-3)-D-glucan (4). So while we all would like to see a specific agent as the reason for effects found, the environment seldom provides this opportunity. From a practical point of view, however, endotoxin is useful as a marker for risk, and a reduction of these levels, particularly in occupational settings, will reduce the risk, whether this is related to endotoxin or some other covarying agent.
THE DIFFICULTIES AND DANGERS OF ACCOUCHEMENT FORCE.A SIMPLE, SAFE AND SUCCESSFUL METHOD.
Authors: HORACE G. WETHERILL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

That we may reason from a foundation of established basic principles, let us assume that it is generally agreed: 1, That absolute sterilization of the hands from all pathogenic bacteria and spores is impracticable; 2, that the parturient canal is usually free from pathogenic organisms, and that when they are present it is fair to assume that they have been introduced from without; 3, that frequent and prolonged manipulations within the genital canal, and the lacerations and abrasions they produce, vastly increase the dangers of and from infection. All manual operations for the rapid dilatation of the cervical canal and extraction of the fetus are dangerous, beside being slow and exhausting. The routine use of rubber gloves reduces the risk of infection to a great degree, but they operate somewhat against facility and certainty in the work.
Abstract 994: Colorectal cancer, adenoma and normal whole genome methylation sequencing in Africa Americans
Authors: Hassan Ashktorab, Hamed Rahi, Rana Tbaishat, Mohammad Daremipouran, Duane T. Smoot, Edward L. Lee, Sudhir Varma, Xueguang Sun, Xi-Yu Jia, Hunter Chung, Eliza Bacon, Ron Leavitt, Peter Siegel, Hassan Brim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Colorectal adenoma (CRA) to cancer (CRC) progression involves epigenetic changes including DNA methylation. Here we performed whole genome Bisulfite Next-Generation Sequencing (WGBNGS) on a normal, a tubular adenoma and a tumor patients’ tissue DNA to elucidate epigenetic drivers in normal to cancer progression. Patients and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from fresh frozen tissues from a patient with normal colon, from a tubular adenoma lesion (20X depth was performed on these DNA samples., Alignment, mapping and CpG methylation analyses were done. Pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to confirm selected methylation target genes. Results: We identified 94 unique CpG sites hypermethylated in 4 novel genes in adenoma compared to normal and 180 unique CpG sites in 7 genes in cancer. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that the methylated genes including a novel gene ATXN7L1 were involved in WNT pathway, ubiquitination process and cross-talk with B-catenin, in the adenoma. Three of the hypermethylated genes in cancer were, Loc100506436: a novel gene with 17 unique CpG sites (EGFR pathway, cRNA CpG site hypermethylated is part of MEK1/2), GPNMB with 7 unique CpG sites (membrane protein likely in complexes with integrins) and TNFAIP2 with 8 unique CpG sites (its role was noted in Head and neck cancer). IHC confirmed the lack of GPNMB expression in cancer tissues. Conclusion: This work provides insight into differential CpG island methylation profiles in CRA, CRC vs. normal colon tissue and provides a window into the more complex factors, including alteration of known and novel genes as multiple CpG methylation drivers in colorectal carcinogenesis. Investigations into the possible roles of the novel genes targets in the context of early and prognostic methylation biomarker are underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 994. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-994
Ectopic Pregnancies in Upstate New York
Authors: Donna M. Glebatis
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Data on ectopic pregnancies reported to the New York State Department of Health for upstate residents for the years 1971 through 1979 were analyzed by maternal age, race, and gravidity. Trends in the rate of ectopic pregnancies were also examined for this time period. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000 conceptions increased with increasing maternal age and was higher for nonwhite women compared with white women. There was a slight increase in the rate of ectopic pregnancies with increasing gravidity, but this was due in part to the interaction of age with gravidity. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000 conceptions increased by 217% from 1971 to 1979. This trend differed within subgroups of maternal age, race, and gravidity. The percentage of increase was greater for women 30 years of age or older compared with women 30 years of age or younger, greater for white women compared with nonwhite women, and greater for women with three or more previous pregnancies compared with women with fewer previous pregnancies. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1730-1735)
Common variants near TARDBP and EGR2 are associated with susceptibility to Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Sophie Postel-Vinay, Amélie S Véron, Franck Tirode, Gaelle Pierron, Stéphanie Reynaud, Heinrich Kovar, Odile Oberlin, Eve Lapouble, Stelly Ballet, Carlo Lucchesi, Udo Kontny, Anna González-Neira, Piero Picci, Javier Alonso, Ana Patino-Garcia, Brigitte Bressac de Paillerets, Karine Laud, Christian Dina, Philippe Froguel, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Francois Doz, Jean Michon, Stephen J Chanock, Gilles Thomas, David G Cox, Olivier Delattre
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Malassezia Pulmonary Vasculitis in an Infant on Long-Term Intralipid Therapy
Authors: Raymond W. Redline, Beverly Barrett Dahms
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare) is a fungus of low pathogenicity known to cause diseases of the skin. Members of the genus malassezia lack the ability to synthesize medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids and therefore require an exogenous supply of these lipids for growth.1 The skin is one of the few sites in the human body sufficiently rich in fatty acids to meet their metabolic requirements. Thus, infections attributed to malassezia are usually superficial and include such conditions as tinea versicolor, blepharitis, and dacryocystitis.We describe a premature infant maintained on long-term parenteral nutrition, including Intralipid (Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, . . .
MRC issues guidelines for clinical trials
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Medical Research Council (MRC) in Britain has published guidelines for carrying out clinical trials that aim to safeguard participants while ensuring that the data gathered are of high quality.

Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice in Clinical Trials pulls together existing MRC policy and best practice into a single document for the first time. Dr Liam O'Toole, MRC clinical trials manager, said: “If you got 12 …
Alternative Splicing and Expression Profile Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags in Domestic Pig
Authors: Liang Zhang, Lin Tao, Lin Ye, Ling He, Yuan-Zhong Zhu, Yue-Dong Zhu, Yan Zhou
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is one of the most important mammals to humans. Alternative splicing is a cellular mechanism in eukaryotes that greatly increases the diversity of gene products. Expression sequence tags (ESTs) have been widely used for gene discovery, expression profile analysis, and alternative splicing detection. In this study, a total of 712,905 ESTs extracted from 101 different non-normalized EST libraries of the domestic pig were analyzed. These EST libraries cover the nervous system, digestive system, immune system, and meat production related tissues from embryo, newborn, and adult pigs, making contributions to the analysis of alternative splicing variants as well as expression profiles in various stages of tissues. A modified approach was designed to cluster and assemble large EST datasets, aiming to detect alternative splicing together with EST abundance of each splicing variant. Much efforts were made to classify alternative splicing into different types and apply different filters to each type to get more reliable results. Finally, a total of 1,223 genes with average 2.8 splicing variants were detected among 16,540 unique genes. The overview of expression profiles would change when we take alternative splicing into account.
Patients in the persistent vegetative state: problems in their long term management.
Authors: K Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Physicians responsible for the long term management of patients in the persistent vegetative state face several problems. These include deciding whether tube feeding is treatment or nutritional care, whether withdrawal of tube feeding is an appropriate form of management, what clinical advantage there is in active treatment; at what level of awareness can a patient be said to have a quality of life; and who should determine a patient's right to die. These problems are determined more by social, legal, emotional, cultural, religious, and economic forces than by clinical facts.
Falsely High Plasma Potassium Values in Patients with Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: J. J. Brown, R. H. Chinn, D. L. Davies, R. Fraser, A. F. Lever, R. J. Rae, J. I. S. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The common practice of encouraging forearm exercise as an aid to venepuncture is a potent source of erroneously high plasma potassium levels. This may be sufficient to obscure a suspicion of hyperaldosteronism, with possible serious repercussions in hypertensive patients, in whom the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism has important therapeutic implications. Plasma is preferable to serum for potassium estimations, and forearm exercise should be avoided before venepuncture for potassium measurements.
Fall Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: M. Clare Robertson, Lesley D. Gillespie
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3>Which types of interventions reduce falls in older people living in the community?<h3>Bottom Line</h3>Fall-prevention exercise programs, usually including muscle strengthening and balance retraining, were associated with lower fall rates in community-dwelling older people whether or not individuals were selected on the basis of fall risk. Home safety interventions, vitamin D supplementation in people with lower vitamin D levels, and individually targeted multifactorial interventions were associated with fewer falls in community-dwelling people with risk factors for falling.
Oxford animal research centre opens despite disruption from protestors
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A new biomedical research centre designed to bring together all animal based medical research at the University of Oxford has opened, and the transfer of animals has started, despite more than two years of delays caused by legal and illegal disruptions by protestors, it was announced this week.

The new biomedical sciences building will rehouse all animals currently used in medical research in older buildings throughout the university. It provides some of the most advanced facilities in the world to optimise the health and living conditions of research animals. The Home Office recently approved the building, and mice have been transferred in the first phase of moving animals, which will continue over the next few months.

Alastair Buchan, head of the medical sciences division at the university, said, …
The Very, Very, Very Lone Ranger Stands by Germ Theory
Authors: Charles H. Stinson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—   article entitled The Use of Eye-Nose Goggles to Control Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in the Nov 21, 1986, issue of JAMA  1 reminded me of an episode during my internship not many years ago. It was midwinter and many people had coughs and colds, as did I.  I strapped a disposable surgical mask around my neck and covered my face with it when meeting with patients or talking with colleagues during rounds. I explained to patients that I did not want to complicate their hospitalization with a cold; they were uniformly grateful, even those with little understanding of germ theory. Only the medical staff seemed to have any difficulty with this quietly unusual behavior.  I suppose that made us even, for I considered it equally odd that they only shielded their grossly immunocompromised patients and none of their colleagues from the fomites of their respiratory
Evaluation of a psychiatric court liaison scheme in north London
Authors: N. D Purchase, A. K McCallum, H. G Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Time since marketing (days) Fig 1 -Cumulative number of reports of suspected adversedrug reactions associated with use of paroxetine received from patients and from health care professionals since marketing (t = 0).lands Pharmacovigilance Foundation 89 were related to paroxetine.The mean time lag for all suspected reactions to paroxetine was 229 days less for the telephone service than for the Pharmacovigilance Foundation (95% confidence interval 160 to 298; Stu- dent's t test; fig 1).The proportion of new suspected reactions (those not mentioned in the patient information leaflet) was similar for both systems (21 % v 18%).The nine new reactions identified by both systems were: rigours (first reported by a patient at 390 days, first reported by a health professional at 578 days), bleeding disorders (396, 1025), hypertension (432, 1192), mydriasis (597, 660), taste disturbance (635, 827), apathy (943, 1124), flushing (967, 1100), menstrual disorders (971, 1162), and rash (1002, 1125).The mean difference in time lag for these reactions was 273 (89 to 458) days.
Characteristics of Primary HIV Infection
Authors: Lawrence Corey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 January 1999Characteristics of Primary HIV InfectionLawrence Corey, MD and Timothy Schacker, MDLawrence Corey, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Timothy Schacker, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Silvers requests more detailed accounting of our informed consent process and questions the practice of not giving therapy to all patients who have acute HIV infection. As stated in our article, the University of Washington institutional review board approved all procedures and consent forms, and treatment decisions were made by clinicians not affiliated with the study. Our study was initiated in early 1993, at which time monotherapy with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor was the practice standard for persons with CD4 T-cell counts less than 500 cells/mm3. At this time, published pilot studies of monotherapy in acute HIV-1, ...References1. Kinloch-De Loes S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B, Cooper DA, Tindall B, Carr A, et al . A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;33:408-13. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. Schacker T, Corey L, Shea T, Chamberlin C, Wallace M, Zevola S. Randomized, placebo controlled study of stavudine in subjects with primary HIV-1 [Abstract]. Abstracts of the Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection, 1-5 February 1998, Chicago. Google Scholar3. Perrin L, Rakik A, Yerly S, Baumberger C, Kinloch-de Loes S, Pechere M, et al . Combined therapy with zidovudine and L-697,661 in primary HIV infection. AIDS. 1996;10:1233-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, et al . Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1998: updated recommendations of the International AID Society—USA Panel. JAMA. 1998;280:78-86. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Chun TW, Engel D, Berrey MM, Shea T, Corey L, Fauci AS. Early establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells during primary HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:8869-73. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 1Page: 80-81KeywordsAntiretroviral therapyClinical immunologyForecastingHIV infectionsHIV-1Institutional review boardsPilot studiesReverse transcriptase inhibitorsToxicityViremia Issue Published: 5 January 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous flow: A new marker of mitral regurgitation severity
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Timothy P. Obarski, William J. Stewart, Paul N. Casale, Gregory L. Pearce, Kathleen Husbands, Delos M. Cosgrove, Ernesto E. Salcedo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Microbial Intestinal Flora in Acute Diarrheal Disease
Authors: Raymond Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The human small and large intestine were studied for viruses, bacteria, and fungi in 29 adults with acute diarrheal disease. No etiologic agent was found in 83% of the cases. The most striking finding in these patients was a marked increase in the number of bacteria in the jejunal aspirates. No viruses were isolated in any of the jejunal, ileal, or fecal specimens.