tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal excretion of calcium and sodium in acute nephritis
Authors: R. J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Hypocalciuria was found in the early stages of illness in six patients aged 12 to 30 with acute nephritis. The hypocalciuria does not appear to be due to hypocalcaemia, lowered glomerular filtration rate, or hypoparathyroidism. It is suggested that the hypocalciuria is due in part to decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, though possibly there is also a primary alteration in renal tubular handling of calcium.
Why Southern Sudan needs your help
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Readers of the <i>BMJ</i> have so far raised £5318 in our Christmas appeal to raise funds for Save the Children health projects. You still have just over a week to donate to the appeal, which aims to help children and mothers from some of the world’s poorest regions. The money raised is to be invested in projects in areas such as Sudan, which has some of the world’s worst health indicators. <b>Peter Moszynski</b>, who has just returned from the region, reports
Deficient adenylate cyclase regulatory protein in renal membranes from a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Authors: R W Downs, M A Levine, M K Drezner, W M Burch, A M Spiegel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Recent studies have established that some patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism have a deficiency of the adenylate cyclase regulatory protein (the G unit) in plasma membranes from erythrocytes, platelets, and fibroblasts. We have directly measured the activity of the G unit in renal membranes from a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism who, in addition to parathyroid hormone resistance, has resistance to thyrotropin and gonadotropins. Erythrocyte membrane G unit activity was 57% that of control erythrocyte membranes. Lubrol PX extracts of renal membranes had only 30% of the G unit activity of control renal membrane extracts, whether assayed with sodium fluoride or guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S). In cholate extracts, the G unit activity was 37 and 48% of control with fluoride or GTP-gamma-S, respectively. Cholera toxin-dependent incorporation of [32P]ADP-ribose into the 42,000-Mr subunit of the G unit was decreased in renal membranes from the patient compared with control renal membranes. The data demonstrate that the membrane G unit deficiency in pseudohypoparathyroidism extends to the cells of a clinically relevant parathyroid hormone target tissue.
Trypsinogen variants in pancreatic juice of healthy volunteers, chronic alcoholics, and patients with pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas
Authors: H. Rinderknecht, I. G. Renner, C. Carmack
Journal: Gut (1979)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pure pancreatic juice from 14 healthy normal subjects, 11 chronic alcoholics without detectable pancreatic disease, 15 patients with pancreatitis, and two with cancer of the pancreas consistently demonstrated the presence of two variants of trypsinogen with different electrophoretic mobilities. In healthy normal subjects the proportion of cationic to anionic trypsinogen was invariably greater than 1 and averaged about 2. In chronic alcoholics, patients with pancreatitis or cancer of the pancreas, this ratio, with a single exception, was below one and averaged about 0·45. The extraordinary consistency of these findings suggests that the quantitative relationship between cationic and anionic trypsinogen in human pancreatic juice may be a very sensitive indicator of incipient or existing pancreatic pathology. The most acceptable explanation for the reversal of the normal zymogen ratio in pancreatic disease is a selective increase in the synthesis of the anionic variant relative to that of the cationic species. Total trypsinogen concentrations differed widely from one another in the three patient groups, but the ratio of cationic to anionic trypsinogen exhibited little change and remained below 1. Our results also demonstrate for the first time a specific effect of chronic alcohol abuse on the secretory profile of a pancreatic enzyme in human subjects. A newly discovered minor, trypsinogen-like component of human pancreatic juice was found to be significantly increased in pancreatic juice of chronic alcoholics, decreased in pancreatic secretions of patients with pancreatitis, and barely detectable in those of two patients with cancer of the pancreas.
THE USE OF A URETERAL CATHETER AND BOUGIE IN STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA
Authors: W. Calhoun Stirling
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Recent experience with several cases of stricture of the urethra in which it was possible to pass only the smallest filiform reveals a meager armamentarium for handling such cases. With the exception of the LeFort filiform and steel follower together with the flexible urethral bougie and whalebone there are no instruments for handling cases in which it is impracticable to use the instruments mentioned. The presence of one or more areas of stenosis of the urethra at times precludes the use of a steel sound, so that it is very difficult to dilate the urethra from the size that admits a fliliform to a 16 or 18 French caliber. I have found that a ureteral bougie at times fills a long felt need for such an instrument whereby the urethra could be dilated up to a size sufficient to admit a steel instrument without the possibility of much trauma. In
Investigation of association between the TRAF family genes and RA susceptibility
Authors: C. Potter, S. Eyre, A. Cope, J. Worthington, A. Barton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family is important in activating multiple inflammatory and immune related processes induced by cytokines such as TNFα and interleukin-1. These genes therefore represent strong candidate susceptibility factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A study was undertaken to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning six <i>TRAF</i> genes and RA in a British population. <h3>Methods:</h3> Twenty-three haplotype tagging (ht) SNPs and 26 random SNPs spanning the six <i>TRAF</i> genes were initially tested for association in a cohort of 351 unrelated patients with RA and 368 controls. Any SNPs demonstrating an association were genotyped in further samples. Sequenom MassARRAY technology was preferentially used for genotyping. Both single point and haplotypic analyses were performed. <h3>Results:</h3> Forty-four SNPs were successfully genotyped and conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectation. A single SNP, rs7514863, mapping upstream of the <i>TRAF5</i> gene and affecting a putative transcription factor binding site, demonstrated a significant association across the entire cohort of 1273 cases with RA compared with 2463 healthy controls (OR for minor T allele 1.2 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.36), p = 0.005). The association was stronger in the subgroup carrying at least one copy of the shared epitope alleles (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73), p = 0.0003). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These findings provide evidence for the association of an SNP upstream of a strong candidate RA susceptibility gene, <i>TRAF5</i>, in a large cohort of patients and controls. Further association and functional studies are required to investigate the role of this variant, or one in linkage disequilibrium with it, in RA disease causation.
COMPARABILITY OF HEART-TO-MEDIASTINUM RATIO DETERMINATION FROM I-123 MIBG SPECT AND PLANAR IMAGING: NEW ANALYSES FROM ADMIRE-HF
Authors: Ji Chen, Russell D. Folks, Liudmila Verdes-Moreiras, Daya N. Manatunga, Arnold F. Jacobson, Ernest V. Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
National Children’s Study Expands
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

during the time period when reported concussions increased, participation in organized team sports decreased. The researchers estimated that about 385 000 children aged 7 to 17 participated in the top 5 organized teams posts in 1997, with the number falling to just over 330 000 participants by 2007. McCrea does not have hard data, but hespeculatedthat theincreasingnumber ofconcussionsduringa timeofapparent declining participation in sports may be the result of how those children remaining inasport trainandcompete.“Participationinsportshasbecomeayear-around commitment;youusedtoplayfootball for 2monthsandthenmoveontobasketball andthenmaybetrackandfield,”McCrea said.“Somaybeparticipationisdown,but for those playing, say football, the number of exposures seems to be certainly higher than seen a decade ago.” In August, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued its first clinical report offering guidance in the treatment and management of sportsrelated concussion in children and adolescents (Halstead ME, Walter KD; the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Pediatrics. 2010;126[3]:597615). Mark E. Halstead, MD, a coauthor of the clinical report and assistant professor of orthopedics and pediatrics at Washington University in St Louis, said their guidance lays out parameters to be used in assessing when an athlete can return to competition following a concussion. “Rather then telling a player to sit out for a set period of time, we gradually increase the athlete’s activities over a 5-day period to make sure the athlete does not demonstrate symptoms,” Halstead said. Deciding when an athlete is well enoughtoreturntocompetitionremains a bit of a mystery, McCrea said, because there is little rigorous evidence to show what works best. He said the decision to return is especially difficult to make for thosewhohavehadrepeatedconcussions andthatsuchadeterminationisprobably best made by the treating physician. “No adult signs his or her own returnto-work slip after they have had a stroke, but return-to-play for concussion for decades has been managed by the injured athlete or nonmedical professionals” such as parents, coaches, or trainers, McCrea said. “But there has been some positive movement in creating policy requiring medical clearance before one can return to an activity.”
Dihydroxyphenylalanine in Extrapyramidal Disease
Authors: Arnold J. Friedhoff
Journal: JAMA (1963)

EVIDENCE has been accumulating for the past several years which has implicated dopamine metabolism in the production of extrapyramidal symptoms. Drugs such as reserpine which tend to produce extrapyramidal symptoms as a side effect have been shown to deplete dopamine from the brain. It is also of considerable interest that dopamine is found in highest concentration in the basal ganglia<sup>1</sup>while 1-norepinephrine and serotonin, the other important amines in the central nervous system, are present in relatively smaller concentrations in this area of the brain. More recently Ehringer and Hornykiewicz<sup>2</sup>have demonstrated that brains obtained from parkinsonian patients who died as a result of sudden trauma contained very low levels of dopamine. All of these findings suggest the possibility that a disturbance in the synthesis or degradation of dopamine might be involved in the etiology of extrapyramidal disturbances. For several years we have been conducting studies of the
Put Edward Jenner's statue back in Trafalgar Square
Authors: G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Background:</b> Inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (<i>INPPL1, SHIP2</i>) is a negative regulator of insulin signalling and has previously been found to be associated with hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes in a cohort of families with diabetes in the UK presenting features of metabolic syndrome. In particular, a haplotype of three genetic polymorphisms (rs2276047, rs9886 and an insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 1) was found to be strongly associated with increased susceptibility to hypertension. <b>Objective and methods:</b> To assess if <i>INPPL1</i> variants play a direct role in the development of essential hypertension, we genotyped the three previously associated <i>INPPL1</i> polymorphisms in a cohort of 712 families with severe hypertension from the BRIGHT study transmission disequilibrium test cohort. <b>Results:</b> We found no evidence of significant association between hypertension and any of the three <i>INPPL1</i> polymorphisms or haplotypes (p&gt;0.1). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results suggest that <i>INPPL1</i> variants may be involved in mechanisms causing hypertension in metabolic syndrome patients specifically.
Positive patch test reactions in older individuals: Retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1994-2008
Authors: Erin M. Warshaw, Srihari I. Raju, Joseph F. Fowler, Howard I. Maibach, Donald V. Belsito, Kathryn A. Zug, Robert L. Rietschel, James S. Taylor, C. G. Toby Mathias, Anthony F. Fransway, Vincent A. DeLeo, James G. Marks, Frances J. Storrs, Melanie D. Pratt, Denis Sasseville
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Acute Intoxication with 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin®) Associated with Impairment of Biotransformation
Authors: NICHOLAS GERBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The plasma levels of diphenylhydantoin in an intoxicated patient were measured and correlated with the clinical features. The patient became intoxicated on a usual therapeutic regimen of 300 mg of sodium diphenylhydantoin per day. She apparently had received this dosage for nearly 6 years without untoward symptoms. Subsequent studies and challenges with sodium diphenylhydantoin up to a year later showed that the patient could not metabolize the drug at the usual rate. She was unable to produce more than about 140 mg of para-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin (p-HPPH), the major metabolite, per day. The decline of plasma diphenylhydantoin and the rate of excretion of urinary p-HPPH in four subjects who were each given three different doses of the drug were studied. The data indicate that "rapid" metabolizers of diphenylhydantoin have a greater capacity to increase the output of p-HPPH in urine in response to an increased dose of diphenylhydantoin.
Recent Advances in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Authors: Lancelot Stephen Topham Burrell
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pediatric mastocytosis–associated KIT extracellular domain mutations exhibit different functional and signaling properties compared with KIT-phosphotransferase domain mutations
Authors: Ying Yang, Sébastien Létard, Laurence Borge, Amandine Chaix, Katia Hanssens, Sophie Lopez, Marina Vita, Pascal Finetti, Daniel Birnbaum, François Bertucci, Sophie Gomez, Paulo de Sepulveda, Patrice Dubreuil
Journal: Blood (2010)
The effect of fluid volume loading on exclusion of interstitial albumin and lymph flow in the dog lung.
Authors: J C Parker, H J Falgout, R E Parker, D N Granger, A E Taylor
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The excluded volume fraction for interstitial albumin (FE) was estimated in the lungs of seven mongrel dogs during steady state conditions following intravenous infusions of Ringer's solution, amounting to 0, 5, 10, and 15% of body weight (BW). We estimated the tissue blood volume with 51Cr red cells, extracellular space with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), and the albumin pool with 125I human serum albumin. A prenodal tracheobronchial lymphatic was cannulated for recording lymph flow (QL), total protein (CL), and albumin [CL(A)] concentrations. From these measurements, we calculated the extravascular albumin content (QA) and 99mTc-DTPA space (VI) of lung tissue samples collected at the successive volume expansions. The apparent tissue concentration of albumin (CApp = QA/VI) decreased from a control value (mean +/- SE) of 0.89 +/- 0.06 to 0.46 +/- 0.04 g/dl following the 15% BW infusion, whereas CL(A) decreased from 1.43 +/- 0.16 to 0.50 +/- 0.07 g/dl for the same volume expansion. By assuming that pulmonary lymph represented tissue fluid, we calculated a control FE of 0.38 +/- 0.02 using the equation, FE = 1 - [CApp/CL(A)]. FE decreased following successive infusions to 0.28 +/- 0.03, 0.16 +/- 0.02, and 0.10 +/- 0.02. These data indicate a significant contribution by the decrease in FE to the total decrease in tissue albumin concentration as interstitial fluid volume increased. Somewhat unexpectedly, the mean steady state QL increased by only 2.1-fold following the 5% BW expansion, but did not further increase following subsequent volume expansions. This has been attributed to a nonlinear interstitial compliance, sequestration of interstitial fluid, or possible deterioration of the experimental preparation.
Abstract 1978: The tyrosine kinase Syk plays a role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesive junctions in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Toufic Kassouf, Philippe Montcourrier, Romain Larive, Nadir Bettache, Anne Morel, Fabrice Merezegue, Serge Urbach, Peter J. Coopman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The non-receptor spleen tyrosine kinase Syk has mainly been studied in hematopoietic cells in which it plays a key role in the immune-response signalling. We previously demonstrated that Syk is also present in mammary epithelial cells and that its expression is lost during malignant progression of breast cancer cell lines. Clinical studies confirmed loss of Syk expression, not only in breast tumors but also in other carcinomas and melanoma. Xenotransplantation animal experiments evidenced that Syk acts as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in breast cancer and melanoma. The mechanisms by which Syk exerts its anti-oncogenic activity remain, however, unrevealed. Using a quantitative phospho-proteomic SILAC approach in breast cancer cells, we identified new potential Syk substrates involved in intercellular adhesion and epithelial cell polarity, both characters of cell differentiation that are lost during tumor progression. Using in vitro kinase assays, we demonstrated that E-cadherin and various catenins are direct Syk substrates. The tyrosine residues phosphorylated by Syk were identified by mass spectrometry and phospho-peptide-specific antibodies were generated. By immunofluorescence, we observed that endogenous Syk and E-cadherin colocalize at adherens junctions and that transient DsRed-Syk transfection induces phospho-E-cadherin- and phospho-catenin epitopes at cell-cell contacts. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that phosphorylated E-cadherin and catenins are associated in a complex. Syk-mediated phosphorylation of E-cadherin seems to be important for the proper localization of p120-catenin at adherens junctions. Syk knockdown in breast cancer cells partially inhibits the re-aggregation of cells and increases invasion in Matrigel. Using Syk knockdown and overexpression we explored its potential role in the maintenance of an epithelial phenotype, preventing EMT. In conclusion, Syk might play a role in the establishment and maintenance of intercellular junctions via the phosphorylation of the E-cadherin/catenin complex. Loss of Syk expression or function might lead to the destabilization of these complexes and promote invasion (supported by Fondation ARC SL220110603480) Citation Format: Toufic Kassouf, Philippe Montcourrier, Romain Larive, Nadir Bettache, Anne Morel, Fabrice Merezegue, Serge Urbach, Peter J. Coopman. The tyrosine kinase Syk plays a role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesive junctions in human breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1978. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1978
Court case adjourned after diagnosis of persistent vegetative state changes
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The case of a severely brain damaged man at the centre of a dispute between his family and his doctors has been adjourned after an independent expert cast doubt over the diagnosis of persistent vegetative state.

Doctors believed that the 55 year old father of eight from Greater Manchester was in a persistent vegetative state after a cardiac arrest six weeks ago. They had asked the Court of Protection to rule that it would not be in his best interests …
Rising impact, fast review: Annual Report October 1997 to September 1998
Authors: A J KNOX, J BRITTON
Journal: Thorax (1999)

We are pleased to see Thorax back as the respiratory journal with the highest impact factor in Europe (2.3, ISSN Statistics 1998). This undoubtedly reflects the high quality of submitted papers. Our review system is still working extremely quickly. The median time to first decision was 56 days for full papers and 24 days for short papers, which compares favourably with last year’s figures and is a marked improvement on previous years (table1).1 We believe that this decision time is by far the most rapid of any respiratory journal. Our policy of only accepting the best papers2 is reflected again in the acceptance rate which, for papers submitted …
Oral Tetrahydroaminoacridine in Long-Term Treatment of Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type
Authors: William Koopmans Summers, Lawrence Victor Majovski, Gary Martin Marsh, Kenneth Tachiki, Arthur Kling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We treated 17 patients who had moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease with oral tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), a centrally active anticholinesterase, in a three-phase study. In the nonblinded first phase of the study, significant improvement occurred in subjects who received the drug, as compared with their pretreatment status, on the global assessment (P = 0.001), the Orientation Test (P = 0.001), and the more sophisticated Names Learning Test (P = 0.001). During the second phase, the subjects served as their own controls in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which the order of administration of the drug and placebo was randomly assigned. Among the 14 subjects completing Phase II, THA treatment produced significantly better results than placebo on the global assessment (P = 0.003), the Orientation Test (P = 0.004), the Alzheimer's Deficit Scale (P = 0.003), and the Names Learning Test (P = 0.001). Twelve subjects have entered Phase III, which involves long-term administration of oral THA. The average duration of treatment in these subjects at present is 12.6 months; symptomatic improvements have occurred, and no serious side effects attributable to THA have been observed. These encouraging initial results suggest that THA may be at least temporarily useful in the long-term palliative treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We stress that further observations will be required before a clear assessment of the role of this agent can be made. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1241–5.)