tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of transforming growth factor β<sub>1</sub> /Smad signalling mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in keloid fibroblasts
Authors: S. He, X. Liu, Y. Yang, W. Huang, S. Xu, S. Yang, X. Zhang, M.S. Roberts
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Mechanisms of transforming growth factor β1/Smad signalling mediated by mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways in keloid fibroblasts Get access S. He, S. He Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Liu, X. Liu Therapeutics Research Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Yang, Y. Yang Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaTherapeutics Research Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4102, AustraliaInstitute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Huang, W. Huang Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China Y. Yang. E‐mail: yangyan276866@sohu.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Xu, S. Xu Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Yang, S. Yang Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Zhang, X. Zhang Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Gene Resource Utilization for Severe Genetic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.S. Roberts M.S. Roberts Therapeutics Research Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 3, 1 March 2010, Pages 538–546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09511.x Published: 01 March 2010
ON THE PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
Authors: WILLIAM R. PERL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

The basic psychological rationale of handwriting analysis is rooted in the essential self-consistency of human behavior and more specifically in the fact that handwriting is a product and, at the same time, a record of highly individualized motions. The rationale is furthermore based on the existence of a correlation between our motions and emotions. The individual's intrapersonal consistency in hand writing is discussed and 3 methodological approaches to the analysis of handwriting are, proceding at different levels, distinguished, with their findings merging into one final analysis. 1. Handwriting analysis as a situation test: the individual's behavior and its dynamics in the structured situation of handwriting are analyzed, the structure being provided by the contemporary national alphabet and the requirement for a minimum legibility. As an example of the numerous possibilities of interpretation, the dynamic significance of the application and distribution of pressure is discussed. 2. The graphic character of the activity provides numerous possibilities for symbolic expression. As an example of this, the symbolic expression of the self-concept is discussed and demonstrated by samples. 3. Physiologically, handwriting is the result of muscular contraction and release. Disturbances in the quantity, direction, and balance between contraction and release, and the resulting rigidity and deterioration of rhythm in psychopathology are discussed and a diagnostic indication between cyclical and schizophrenic disorders is pointed out. It should be stressed that many of the potentialities of handwriting analysis are still in their early development, though some of them have been more fully investigated than can be discussed within the limits of this paper. Two specific results of the uniquely easy availability of the test material should at least be mentioned. One is the preventive value. Often a casual inspection of a handwriting might cause justified suspicion and result in further psychiatric and psychological investigation. The other, and even more singular, potential was purposely hinted at by introducing the writing of historical personalities. Those who lived long before other psychological tests could be administered left behind them in their handwriting a record which provides the possibility of a test-based psychological evaluation. The clinician can, therefore, be helped to a more objective understanding of such figures in a patient's life who have long been deceased. Handwriting analysis opens new vistas to the understanding of men and women in history.
730 Early viral response to CPG 10101, in combination with pegylated interferon and/or ribavirin, in chronic HCV genotype 1 infected patients with prior relapse response
Authors: J.G. McHutchison, R. Chalib, E. Tawitz, P. Kwo, B. Freilich, A. Muir, E. Masciari, M.L. Morris, J.L. Himes, M. Al-Adhami, B.R. Bacon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Glycation Products and the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Michael Brownlee
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Glucose irreversibly modifies long-lived macromolecules by forming AGEs as a function of glucose concentration and time. AGEs cause qualitative and quantitative changes in extracellular matrix components such as type IV collagen, laminin, and vitronectin. These AGE-induced changes can affect cell adhesion, growth, and matrix accumulation. AGE-modified proteins also alter cell function by interacting with specific receptors on macrophages and endothelial cells, inducing changes that promote matrix overproduction, focal thrombosis, and vasoconstriction. DNA and nuclear proteins also may be targets for AGE damage. The persistence of accumulated AGEs during periods of normal glucose homeostasis may explain the phenomenon of hyperglycemic memory. Pharmacological inhibition of in vivo AGE formation by aminoguanidine prevents or ameliorates diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in animal models. These data suggest that aminoguanidine and other AGE inhibitors have a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of diabetic patients.
Indoor Air Pollution by Mercury
Authors: MORRIS M. JOSELOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorial Notes1 March 1973Indoor Air Pollution by MercuryMORRIS M. JOSELOW, PH.D.MORRIS M. JOSELOW, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-3-449 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the wake of the mercury scares of 1970-1971 that were triggered by the revelation of pervasive contamination of our food supply, particularly tuna fish, an intensive search began for all possible sources of environmental contamination by mercury.House paints that incorporate organic mercury compounds as fungicides and mildewcides were logical culprits for such sources of contamination. Inadvertently, modern paint technology might have created a new domestic hazard, analogous to the older health problem brought on by the use of lead-based paints. In the case of mercury, however, volatility and emission from painted surfaces would make inhalation of contaminated indoor...References1. BROWNKULKARNI JM: Review of the toxicity and metabolism of mercury and its compounds. Med Services J 23: 786-808, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. FOOTE R: Mercury vapor concentrations inside buildings. Science 177:513-514, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SIBBETTMOYERMILLY DRG: Emission of mercury from latex paints. Presented at American Chemical Society Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, April 1972 Google Scholar4. JOSELOWGOLDWATERALVAREZ MIA: Absorption and excretion of mercury in man. XV. Occupational exposure among dentists. Arch Environ Health 17:39-44, 1968 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. REPORT OF AN INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE: Maximum allowable concentrations of mercury compounds. Arch Environ Health 19:891-905, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark, N.J. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIndoor Air Pollution 1 March 1973Volume 78, Issue 3Page: 449-450KeywordsAir pollutionFoodInhalation Issue Published: 1 March 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Presidential review of the year's activity 1990-91
Authors: R Shields
Journal: Gut (1992)

The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in patients with major depression and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various depression symptoms, such as reduced motivation and sleep disturbance, remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause LHb hyperactivity due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular glutamate, which induces depressive-like behaviors. We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in mice with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of GLT-1 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of c-Fos expression in the LHb. Mice with reduced GLT-1 activity in the habenula exhibited a depressive-like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the mice showed disinhibition of rapid eye movement sleep, which is a characteristic sleep pattern in patients with depression. These results provide evidence that disrupting glutamate clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and depressive-like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.
The variable echocardiographic features in aortic valve endocarditis.
Authors: T M Wray
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The echocardiographic abnormalities in five cases of aortic valve endocarditis are described and are correlated with the anatomical appearance of the valve at the time of aortic valve replacement. These electrocardiographic findings are compared with those which have been reported previously in this condition. Thickening of the aortic leaflets in systole or multiple linear or coalescent aortic valve echoes in diastole are highly suggestive of valvular vegetations. Ruptured aortic leaflets may produce chaotic, high-frequency echo patterns which differ from those produced by vegetations. The specificity of these echocardiographic patterns is discussed.
Prevalence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in Dairy Farmers in the French Province of the Doubs
Authors: JEAN-CHARLES DALPHIN, ANDRÉ DUBIEZ, ELISABETH MONNET, DANIEL GORA, VIRGINIE WESTEEL, DIDIER PERNET, JEAN-CHARLES POLIO, ROGER GIBEY, JEAN-JACQUES LAPLANTE, ALAIN DEPIERRE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

With the aim of determining whether dairy farming is associated with an excess of asthma and respiratory symptoms, we compared the respiratory status in a sample of dairy farmers (n = 265) and a control group of nonexposed subjects (n = 149). The study protocol comprised a questionnaire, spirometry, and a bronchodilatation test (400 micrograms salbutamol powder), and an allergological evaluation: serum total IgE level, Phadiatop test, and skin prick tests (SPT) for seven inhalant allergens. Cumulative prevalences of self-reported asthma and of current asthma were respectively 5.3% and 1.5% in farmers, and respectively 3.4% and 1.3% in control subjects (both NS). Prevalences of all the respiratory symptoms studied were higher in farmers, with statistically significant differences after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking, for wheezing ever (OR: 2.7, p < 0.05), wheezing within the last year (OR: 5.2, p < 0.025), usual morning cough (OR: 5, p < 10(-)3), usual morning phlegm (OR: 11.3, p < 10(-)4), and chronic bronchitis (OR: 11.8, p < 0.01). The effect of exposure on these symptoms was more pronounced than, or of the same magnitude as that of smoking. Smoking and exposure had an additive effect except for chronic cough for which a positive interaction was observed (p = 0.05). Mean FEV1/VC (percentage of predicted) was statistically negatively correlated to dairy farming (p < 0.025) after adjusting for confounders. Bronchial obstruction was reversible in about 10% of subjects in both groups. In conclusion, this study mainly demonstrated an excess of respiratory symptoms in dairy farmers which is weak and nonsignificant for asthma, and high for cough, phlegm, and chronic bronchitis. It also suggested that the combined effect of farming and smoking was synergistic on chronic cough.
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Alice D. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to state that the first paragraph, naming opponents of the current fad of sexual indoctrination via sensitivity training techniques in the school as "identified with the right wing" and as "uninformed individuals" is totally false. Additionally the fight against these experimental programs did not begin in the South, but did have its origin in the state of California in April 1968. I know of this because I was one of the original warriors. I am a life-long Democrat—no right-winger—and the organization which I helped to form has had no support either financial or other from anyone but concerned parents. It is obvious that 15 state legislatures would not consider protective legislation if there were only "ignorant" people involved. It is also obvious that there are many prominent physicians and psychiatrists who oppose these programs. What is proposed by SIECUS is not sex education but is
Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress in Iranian Survivors of Chemical Warfare
Authors: Farnoosh Hashemian, Kaveh Khoshnood, Mayur M. Desai, Farahnaz Falahati, Stanislav Kasl, Steven Southwick
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextIn the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, extensive use of chemical weapons resulted in high rates of morbidity and mortality. While much is known about the physical consequences of chemical warfare, there is a paucity of information about the long-term effects of chemical attacks on mental health.ObjectiveTo assess the long-term psychological impact of chemical warfare on a civilian population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional randomized survey conducted in July 2004 of 153 civilians in 3 towns exposed to warfare in northwestern Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity conventional warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), and Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional warfare and chemical weapons).Main Outcome MeasuresFull or partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were assessed using Farsi versions of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton Scale for Anxiety, and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively.ResultsOverall participation rate was 93%. Respondents had a mean age of 45 years and were all of Kurdish ethnicity. Among individuals exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons, prevalence rates for lifetime PTSD, current PTSD, major anxiety symptoms, and severe depressive symptoms were 59%, 33%, 65%, and 41%, respectively. Among the low-intensity warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8%, 2%, 18%, and 6%, respectively, while intermediate rates were found among those exposed to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons (31%, 8%, 26%, and 12%, respectively). Compared with individuals exposed to low-intensity warfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 18.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-59.4), current PTSD (OR, 27.4; 95% CI, 3.4-218.2), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 14.6; 95% CI, 6.0-35.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 7.2; 95% CI, 3.3-15.9). Exposure to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons was also significantly associated with lifetime PTSD (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.7-17.6), compared with those in the low-intensity warfare group. Further, compared with individuals exposed to high-intensity warfare alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.4), current PTSD (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0-20.1), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.5-12.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8-7.2).ConclusionExposure to chemical warfare is an extreme traumatic event that has long-lasting adverse consequences on mental health.
Ecological public health: the 21st century's big idea? An essay by Tim Lang and Geof Rayner
Authors: T. Lang, G. Rayner
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Public health thinking requires an overhaul. <b>Tim Lang and Geof Rayner</b> outline five models and traditions, and argue that ecological public health—which integrates the material, biological, social, and cultural aspects of public health—is the way forward for the 21st century
Pertussis Immunization in Pediatric Practice and in Public Health
Authors: R. William Provenzano, Leslie H. Wetterlow, Johannes Ipsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE interests of public health and preventive medicine usually follow parallel lines and mutual goals. However, there are cases in which the efforts of the practitioner of preventive medicine are more specific and more emphatic than the procedures of public health. The viewpoint of the latter is to provide adequate service to the entire community, stressing minimum procedures without undue emphasis on one program to the detriment of other programs. Immunization against pertussis is a case in point. This paper is a joint discussion of the pediatric practitioner and two public-health immunologists who are attempting objectively to present both points . . .
Biological and Virologic Characteristics of Primary HIV Infection
Authors: Timothy W. Schacker, James P. Hughes, Theresa Shea, Robert W. Coombs, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The clinical events surrounding acute HIV-1 infection have been well described, but little is known about whether the virologic course of acute HIV-1 infection influences the subsequent progression of disease. Objective: To define the virologic natural history of acute and very early HIV infection. Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Setting: University of Washington Research Clinic Participants: 74 adults enrolled soon after acquisition of HIV (mean, 69 days). Measurements: Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels; quantitative cell cultures; CD4 cell counts; and detailed clinical assessments done at study entry, biweekly for 1 month, monthly for 2 months, and quarterly thereafter. Results: In the first 30 days after acquisition of HIV, HIV-1 RNA levels varied greatly among participants (range, 27 200 to 1.6 × 106 copies per mL of plasma). Levels of HIV-1 RNA decreased by a mean of 6.5% per week for the first 120 days and then increased by a mean of 0.15% per week. CD4 cell counts decreased by a mean of 5.2 cells/mm3 per week for the first 160 days and by a mean of 1.9 cells/mm3 per week thereafter (P < 0.01). Disease progressed faster in participants who sought medical care for their acute seroconversion syndrome (P = 0.01) and those who had high plasma HIV-1 RNA levels 120 to 365 days after acquisition (P < 0.01). Peak levels in the first 120 days were not predictive of disease progression. Conclusions: The variability in viral RNA levels associated with acute HIV-1 infection is greater than previously appreciated. Within 120 days of acquisition, plasma HIV RNA levels rapidly decrease to an inflection point, after which they gradually increase. Virus-host interactions soon after acquisition seem to have a major influence on the long-term outcome of HIV-1 disease.
Too many notes
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Are medical students expected to read too many books? Or are their complaints as legitimate as those of the emperors who thought that the Marriage of Figaro had “too many notes”?

Some years ago an educator looked into the matter. He found that if students were indeed to read everything they were told to they would have no time left for even eating, sleeping, or washing. To avoid such an unsanitary disaster, the editor of the journal publishing these findings recommended cutting down on the length of prescribed reading lists, instructing students to do computer searches …
Early Function of Pax5 (BSAP) before the Pre-B Cell Receptor Stage of B Lymphopoiesis
Authors: Claire Thévenin, Stephen L. Nutt, Meinrad Busslinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The formation of the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) corresponds to an important checkpoint in B cell development that selects pro-B (pre-BI) cells expressing a functionally rearranged immunoglobulin μ (Igμ) heavy chain protein to undergo the transition to the pre-B (pre-BII) cell stage. The pre-BCR contains, in addition to Igμ, the surrogate light chains λ5 and VpreB and the signal transducing proteins Igα and Igβ. The absence of one of these pre-BCR components is known to arrest B cell development at the pre-BI cell stage. Disruption of the Pax5 gene, which codes for the B cell–specific activator protein (BSAP), also blocks adult B lymphopoiesis at the pre-BI cell stage. Moreover, expression of the mb-1 (Igα) gene and VH-to-DHJH recombination at the IgH locus are reduced in Pax5-deficient B lymphocytes ∼10- and ∼50-fold, respectively. Here we demonstrate that complementation of these deficiencies in pre-BCR components by expression of functionally rearranged Igμ and chimeric Igμ-Igβ transgenes fails to advance B cell development to the pre-BII cell stage in Pax5 (−/−) mice in contrast to RAG2 (−/−) mice. Furthermore, the pre-BCR is stably expressed on cultured pre-BI cells from Igμ transgenic, Pax5-deficient bone marrow, but is unable to elicit its normal signaling responses. In addition, the early developmental block is unlikely to be caused by the absence of a survival signal, as it could not be rescued by expression of a bcl2 transgene in Pax5-deficient pre-BI cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the absence of Pax5 arrests adult B lymphopoiesis at an early developmental stage that is unresponsive to pre-BCR signaling.