tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma-associated polymorphisms in 17q21 influence cord blood ORMDL3 and GSDMA gene expression and IL-17 secretion
Authors: Anna Lluis, Michaela Schedel, Jing Liu, Sabina Illi, Martin Depner, Erika von Mutius, Michael Kabesch, Bianca Schaub
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Putting Law in the Room
Authors: Alicia Ouellette
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

attenuation in the case of a self-aware child is not only that it goes against that child’s interests by preventing her from reaching her full stature. The wrongness of growth attenuation is that it involves a failure to love and embrace the child with the characteristics and capacities she has. The mistake lies in making a child pay the price of medically unnecessary surgical modification for continued inclusion in her family’s everyday life. These wrongs are no less wrong even if Ashley will never be aware of them. Most actions that we consider to be wrong are wrong whether or not the victim of the action is aware that it has occurred. In the case of People v. Minkowski, for example, a gynecologist was convicted of raping his patients after he had engaged in intercourse with them during vaginal exams without their consent, although they were not aware at the time that that was what he was doing. As Meir Dan-Cohen (1999) argues, it is coherent to state that they were raped—and therefore wronged—even before they realized that they had been raped. When Diekema and Fost argue that growth attenuation is morally acceptable only if it is performed on a child who will never know what was done, they are arguing, in effect, that the intervention was morally acceptable because Ashley’s presumed cognitive impairment makes her different from most people. We argue, in contrast, that it is unacceptable because Ashley is the same as most people. She is the same in deserving to be accepted by and respected by and loved by her family for who she is and what she will become, with no modification required.
Clinical trial registration: a statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Authors: Catherine De Angelis, Jeffrey M Drazen, Frank A Frizelle, Charlotte Haug, John Hoey, Richard Horton, Sheldon Kotzin, Christine Laine, Ana Marusic, A John PM Overbeke, Torben V Schroeder, Hal C Sox, Martin B Van Der Weyden
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
King's Fund urges politicians to review plan to cut NHS managerial posts
Authors: S. Carter
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government should revisit its plan to impose a 45% cut in NHS management posts, says a report by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund.

The report points out that, despite no assessment of the future needs of the NHS having been made, the coalition government plans a 45% cut in the number of NHS management posts and a 33% cut in administration costs. It says that “a more sophisticated approach to the reduction in both is needed.”

Valuing the role of management in the NHS is more important than ever, says the report, but a new style of leadership is needed to …
Their simple sorrows
Authors: P Hettiaratchy
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There has been heavy fighting overnight. As I walk towards the outpatients' department I hear the crash of shells nearby and the angry buzz of bullets overhead. The department is busy, people swarming, shouting, screaming. I push through to the first patient. He is a young boy, perhaps 11 years old. He is lying still, his eyes half closed, his arms folded across his chest, serene. His father stands beside him, puzzled, gently touching his arm. I feel for the boy's carotid pulse. Nothing. As I remove my hand his blood drips from my fingers. There is a small bullet hole just by his heart. I move on, avoiding …
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS
Authors: PAUL W. CLOUGH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Editorial1 March 1954DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY FIBROSISPAUL W. CLOUGHPAUL W. CLOUGHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-40-3-641 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic pulmonary disease as a cause of dyspnea and progressive disability presents many difficult clinical problems and has been less clearly delineated than the circulatory diseases which give rise to similar symptoms. Extensive fibrosis as a cause of pulmonary insufficiency appears in several different forms and may have many different causes. Recent studies have revived interest in one of the unusual types of fibrosis which was originally described in 1935 by Hamman and Rich,1who reported three cases2as fulminating diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Although alerted to the existence of such cases, nine years elapsed before an additional...1 HammanRich LAR: Fulminating acute interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, Tr. Am. Clin. and Climatol. A. 51: 154-163, 1935. MedlineGoogle Scholar2 A fourth case was included in the original report but subsequently discarded as questionable. Google Scholar3 HammanRich LAR: Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 44: 177-212, 1944. Google Scholar4 PeabodyBuechnerAnderson JWHAAE: Hamman-Rich syndrome, A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 92: 806-824, 1953. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 SilvermanTalbot JJTJ: Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis camouflaged by hypermetabolism and cardiac failure: Antemortem diagnosis with biopsy and catheterization studies, Ann. Int. Med. 38: 1326-1338, 1953. LinkGoogle Scholar6 RubinKahnPecker EHBSD: Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, Ann. Int. Med. 36: 827-844, 1952. LinkGoogle Scholar7 Callahan WP: Acute diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung, A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 90: 468-482, 1952. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 GoldenBronk ATT: Diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 92: 606-614, 1953. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 CoxCole TRJM: Diffuse fibrosing interstitial pneumonitis (interstitial fibrosis of the lungs), Am. J. Clin. Path. 22: 770-776, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL W. CLOUGH PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChronic Pneumonitis of the Cholesterol TypeDIFFUSE PROGRESSIVE INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS OF THE LUNGSDiffuse Progressive Interstitial Fibrosis of the Lungs in ChildhoodCase Report: Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (Hamman-Rich Syndrome): Diagnosis by Lung Biopsy; Treated with Cortico-SteroidsDiffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs in children 1 March 1954Volume 40, Issue 3Page: 641-645KeywordsDisabilitiesDyspneaLungsPulmonary diseasesPulmonary fibrosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cyclophosphamide or Azathioprine in Lupus Glomerulonephritis
Authors: JOHN L. DECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Thirty-eight patients with diffuse glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus were randomly assigned to add cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or nothing to low-dose corticosteriod treatment and have been followed for a mean of 2⅓ years thereafter. Of the 11 patients with unfavorable outcomes (8 deaths and 3 beginning hemodialyses), 2 occurred on cyclophosphamide, 4 on azathioprine, and 5 on prednisone only. Deaths due to infection occurred on the cytotoxics, while deaths ascribed to central nervous system lupus erythematosus occurred exclusively on prednisone only. Gradual deterioration of renal function was observed in all three groups, most frequently on prednisone only. Undesirable events, some due to drugs, were observed. At the time of reporting, the cytotoxic agents seemed to add marginally to the control of the disease; other treatment schedules should be evaluated.
TCT-725 Impact of Mitral Regurgitation on Clinical Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Results from Asian TAVI Multicenter Registry
Authors: Sung-Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Michael Kang-Yin Lee, Edgar L. Tay, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Jong-Young Lee, Dong Hyun Yang, Joon-Won Kang, Hyo In Choi, Pil Hyung Lee, Jae Hyung Roh, Mineok Chang, Hyun Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Jong-Min Song, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Global Trends in Adolescent Health
Authors: Robert W. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Increasingly, morbidity and mortality trends for young people in developing nations are paralleling those in the industrialized world. As infectious causes of mortality diminish, unintentional injuries, suicide, homicide, war, and maternal mortality represent the primary causes of death in the second decade of life for most nations where data are maintained. As developing nations increasingly place priority on the education of their youth, early marriage and precocious child rearing are discouraged, and other problems, such as out-of-wedlock childbirth and illicit abortions, emerge. Problems such as substance abuse and suicide arise with the urban migration, increased unemployment, and disruption of traditional social structures that are experienced as developing countries industrialize. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2711-2719)
Immunoglobulin Deposition in Liver of Patients with Active Chronic Hepatitis and Antibody against Smooth Muscle
Authors: R. L. Dawkins, R. A. Joske
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Liver biopsies from 33 patients with miscellaneous liver diseases were studied by direct immunofluorescence. Three patients with active chronic hepatitis possessed a distinctive pattern of staining with anti-IgG conjugate. They were relatively young women and all three possessed the anti-smooth-muscle antibody. In addition, all three were untreated at the time of study. It is suggested that direct immunofluorescence on liver biopsies may help in the investigation of liver disease and that humoral immunity may participate in the pathogenesis of active chronic hepatitis.
AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MITOSTATIC AND LYMPHOTOXIC EFFECTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS AND CYTOSTATICS
Authors: R. V. Petrov, V. M. Manyko, R. M. Khaitov, L. S. Seslavina
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Sublethally (600 R) irradiated (CBA x C57BL)F(1) mice were grafted intravenously with parental lymph node cells in doses ranging from 0.2 x 10(6) to 12 x 10(6). The transplantation of these lymphoid cells leads to inactivation of the recipient's endogenous CFU (as measured by the diminution of the number of colonies registered on the 10th day after irradiation). A 50% inactivation was observed when the graft size of the CBA cells was 0.52 x 10(6). This figure for C57BL cells was 10 times more. This experimental system evaluates two simultaneously developing processes: the multiplication of endogenous CFU and the homograft reaction of transplanted lymphocytes against them. Both processes can be quantitatively estimated simultaneously in the same experiment by the determination of the number of colonies in corresponding experimental groups. Thus it was possible in a single experiment to compare quantitatively the effect of immunosuppressants on two points: (a) mitostatic action (suppression of CFU) and (b) lymphotoxic action. The latter, a true immunosuppressive effect, represents suppression of GVH activity of lymphoid cells and is demonstrated by abolition of the inhibition of endogenous colony formation. In the present system we have tested 6-MP, ALS, cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone, and other drugs. The definite mitostatic and lymphotoxic doses of drugs are ascertained. Cyclophosphamide and ALS proved to be drugs with high dose ranges of selective lymphotoxic action. Hydrocortisone acetate had a more narrow range of selective lymphotoxic effect. 6-MP and Imuran (azathioprine) failed to exert any selective action on lymphoid elements. They possessed pronounced mitostatic efficiency, however.
Assessment of severity of cardiac rejection in heterotopic heart transplantation using indium-111 antimyosin and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: N. TSUNEHIKO, S. MASAHARU, S. HIDEMIKI, C. YUTANI, F. TSUYOSHI, A. HIROSHI, T. KOZUKA, T. AKUTSU, M. HISAO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Seven canine donor hearts in which atrial septal defect and tricuspid regurgitation had previously been produced were heterotopically transplanted into the recipients' chest cavities. Indium-111 antimyosin myocardial imaging of the excised heart was performed using a scinticamera. Magnetic resonance imaging was also performed and the T2 relaxation time calculated. Subsequently, these data were correlated with pathological findings, which indicated the degree of rejection. Indium-111 antimyosin uptake was high in moderate and severe rejection, but the T2 relaxation time was prolonged even in mild rejection. Thus indium-111 antimyosin uptake was specific, and the T2 relaxation time was sensitive, for detecting the severity and extent of cardiac rejection. Although ex vivo experimental results have been reported, these new methods allow characterisation and accurate evaluation of myocardial tissue undergoing cardiac rejection.
Moving medical malpractice insurance to Medical Insurance Agency may be expensive
Authors: F. Nicol
Journal: BMJ (1996)

These studies show the dangers of making ethical pronouncements in an empirical vacuum.There is a pressing need for more research on how proxy decision makers arrive at their recommendations for treatment.With regard to bone marrow donation, parents have several obligations.Not only do they have to keep the best interests of the two children in mind but they also have to come to a mutually acceptable solu- tion that will at least maintain their partnership.Just as there is now much emphasis on evidence based medical practice, so too ought there to be more interest in evidence based ethical practice.
Manual of cardiac surgery: Edited by B J Harlan, A Starr, F M Harwin. (Pp 378; 45.) Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1994. ISBN 3-540-94220-3
Authors: PD Ridley
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Manual of cardiac surgery: Edited by B J Harlan, A Starr, F M Harwin. (Pp 378; £45.) Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1994. ISBN 3-540-94220-3 Get access Manual of cardiac surgery. Edited by Harlan B J Starr A Harwin F M. (Pp 378; £45.) Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1994. ISBN 3-540-94220-3. PD Ridley PD Ridley Bristol, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 5, May 1995, Page 728, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)90139-6 Published: 01 May 1995
Value of EUS in early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Ken Kamata, Masayuki Kitano, Masatoshi Kudo, Hiroki Sakamoto, Kumpei Kadosaka, Takeshi Miyata, Hajime Imai, Kiyoshi Maekawa, Takaaki Chikugo, Masashi Kumano, Tomoko Hyodo, Takamichi Murakami, Yasutaka Chiba, Yoshifumi Takeyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) sometimes arise in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). This study examined the incidence of PDACs concomitant to or derived from branch duct IPMNs. The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) relative to other imaging methods for detecting these tumors was also assessed. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This retrospective study used data from clinical records and imaging studies that were collected prospectively. During 2001 – 2009, 167 consecutive patients with IPMNs underwent EUS, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 102 patients whose branch duct IPMNs lacked mural nodules/symptoms and thus did not qualify for resection were followed up by semiannual EUS and annual ultrasonography, CT, and MRI. The sensitivity and specificity with which the four modalities detected IPMN-derived and -concomitant PDACs at the first examination and throughout the study period were evaluated. The rate of PDAC development during follow-up was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. <b>Results:</b> A total of 17 IPMN-derived and 11 IPMN-concomitant PDACs were diagnosed at the first examination. Lesions that did not qualify for resection or chemotherapy were followed up for a median of 42 months. Seven IPMN-concomitant PDACs and no IPMN-derived PDACs were detected during follow-up. The 3- and 5-year rates of IPMN-concomitant PDAC development were 4.0 % and 8.8 %, respectively. At the first examination, EUS was superior to other imaging modalities in terms of IPMN-derived and -concomitant PDAC detection. Throughout the study period, including follow-up, EUS was significantly better at detecting IPMN-concomitant PDACs than the other modalities. <b>Conclusions:</b> IPMN-concomitant PDACs are quite often found at diagnosis and during follow-up. EUS examination of the whole pancreas plays an important role in the management of IPMNs as it allows the early detection of these small invasive carcinomas.
Toward Less Hazardous Cigarettes
Authors: Gio B. Gori
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Critical levels of selected cigarette smoke constituents have been expressed in terms of maximum numbers of pre-1960 cigarettes that a smoker may consume daily without increasing his mortality risk substantially above that of a nonsmoker. This could still imply an important risk, although it may be difficult to detect. We relate these levels to the yields of 27 current low tar and nicotine commercial cigarettes, as measured at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In addition, the yields of these selected constituents concomitant with the yield of 1 mg of nicotine are provided as a guide for the smoker who titrates or adjusts his smoking pattern to accommodate a fixed daily intake of nicotine.
History of weight cycling does not impede future weight loss or metabolic improvements in postmenopausal women
Authors: Caitlin Mason, Karen E. Foster-Schubert, Ikuyo Imayama, Liren Xiao, Angela Kong, Kristin L. Campbell, Catherine R. Duggan, Ching-Yun Wang, Catherine M. Alfano, Cornelia M. Ulrich, George L. Blackburn, Anne McTiernan
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Case of Intestinal Obstruction: Abdominal Section
Authors: J. J. Pickles
Journal: BMJ (1879)

A.M. The bowels acted.At 10 A.M. and 3 P.M., the urine passed with the motions.The child looked wonderfully better; the eyes were bright, and the pupils of medium size.There was a little more tympanites than yesterday, but no tenderness of the ab- domen.March 8th.The bowels acted regularly.Beef-tea and custard- pudding were ordered.March 12th.The bowels had acted each day since last report; and the urine, for the first time since his admission into hospital, was col- lected.It was so pale that it could scarcely be distinguished from water; it was of specific gravity Ioo4, non-albuminous.He now left the hospital.RENIARKS.-Twoquestions suggest themselves for consideration.i.What was the nature of the lesion which existed in this case and pro- duced obstruction of the bowels?In many instances of obstinate con- stipation, the cause is obscure.The first thought that occurred to me was that perhaps the child might have swallowed a piece of fish-bone when he ate a sole on the evening before the commencement of the sym- ptoms.If so, this might have set up irritation in the intestinal canal and caused constriction from reflex spasm of its fibres.The symptoms rather resembled intussusception in the suddenness of the pain, quickly succeeded by vomiting, then constipation, and later on a semi-purulent discharge from the rectum, having a reddish tinge.It is evident that,
Critical Role for Hypothalamic mTOR Activity in Energy Balance
Authors: Hiroyuki Mori, Ken Inoki, Heike Münzberg, Darren Opland, Miro Faouzi, Eneida C. Villanueva, Tsuneo Ikenoue, David Kwiatkowski, Ormond A. MacDougald, Martin G. Myers, Kun-Liang Guan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Modulation of Collagen Gene Expression: Its Relation to Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis and Other Disorders
Authors: John Varga
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Fibrosis is the pathologic hallmark of many common diseases. Much information has recently emerged about the cellular and biochemical events that result in its development and progression. It is now known that in affected tissues, chronic inflammation generally precedes fibrosis and that inflammatory cell-derived cytokines are crucial mediators of fibrogenesis. Several cytokines have been identified that influence wound healing and tissue repair processes in vivo and that modulate the production of collagen in vitro. Of these, transforming growth factor-β is of the most interest because this pleiotropic cytokine is expressed at high levels during tissue remodeling and greatly affects the formation of connective tissue. Furthermore, it has been recently shown that transforming growth factor-β can stimulate the transcription of collagen genes through the production or activation of specific DNA-binding trans-acting factors. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of this cytokine on collagen gene expression may allow the design of selective therapeutic interventions aimed at retarding or preventing the development of fibrosis.
Care of the aged in France.
Authors: N K Coni
Journal: BMJ (1982)

1 Lockhart-Mummery HE, Morson BC. Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) of the large intestine and its distinction from ulcerative colitis. Gut 1960;1:87-105. 2 Goodman MJ, Sparberg M. Ulcerative colitis. New York: John Wiley, 1978. 3 Johnson WD, Roth JLA. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. In: Kirnser JB, Shorter RG, eds. Inflammatory bozveldisease. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1975:201-25. 1 Morson BC. Histopathology. In: Engel A, Larssen T, eds. Regional enteritis. (Fifth Skandia International Symposium.) Stockholm: Nordiska Bokhandelus Forlag, 1971:15-33. 5 Myren J, Bouchier IAD, Watkinson G, de Dombal FT. Inflammatory bowel disease?An OMGE Survey. Scand J Gastroent 1979;14,(Suppl 56):2-27. 6 Lennard-Jones JE. Crohn's disease: natural history and treatment. Postgrad MedJ 1968;44:674. r Lennard-Jones JE. Definition and diagnosis. In: Engel A, Larssen T, eds. Regional enteritis. (Fifth Skandia International Symposium.) Stockholm: Nordiska Bokhandelus Forlag, 1971:105 et seq.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: NARESH K. JAIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Study Objective. To determine if prophylactic use of cefazolin reduces peristomal wound infection associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Design. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting. Academic medical center, referral-based, gastroenterology service. Patients. One hundred thirty hospitalized patients, 23 of whom were excluded. Of the remaining 107 patients, 52 (group I) were already using antibiotics at the time of randomization for gastrostomy, whereas 55 (group II) were not. Interventions. Patients received either intravenous saline as a placebo or intravenous cefazolin (1 g) 30 minutes before gastrostomy. Measurements and Main Results. For 1 week after gastrostomy, the peristomal area was evaluated and a score assigned each day for erythema (0 to 4), induration (0 to 3), and exudate (0 to 4). A maximum combined score of 8 or more or the development of pus was a criterion for infection. None of the patients in group I developed a wound infection. Only 2 of 27 group II patients given prophylaxis developed a wound infection, compared with 9 of 28 patients not given prophylaxis, a difference of 25% (95% confidence interval, 4.8 to 44.6%; p < 0.025). The number of patients who developed a wound infection was 0 of 52 in group I and 2 of 27 in group II patients who received cefazolin, a difference of 7.4% (95% confidence interval, -2.5 to 17.3%; p = 0.07). Conclusion. Cefazolin prophylaxis significantly reduces the risk for peristomal wound infection associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. It is needed, however, only for patients not already receiving antibiotic treatment at the time of gastrostomy.