tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kininogen deficiency protects from ischemic neurodegeneration in mice by reducing thrombosis, blood-brain barrier damage, and inflammation
Authors: Friederike Langhauser, Eva Göb, Peter Kraft, Christian Geis, Joachim Schmitt, Marc Brede, Kerstin Göbel, Xavier Helluy, Mirko Pham, Martin Bendszus, Peter Jakob, Guido Stoll, Sven G. Meuth, Bernhard Nieswandt, Keith R. McCrae, Christoph Kleinschnitz
Journal: Blood (2012)
Fatal allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome after treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia
Authors: Alfonso Gutiérrez-Macías, Eva Lizarralde-Palacios, Pedro Martínez-Odriozola, Felipe Miguel-De la Villa
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Allopurinol, an analogue of hypoxanthine, which inhibits xanthine oxidase, is an effective urate lowering drug that has been the cornerstone in the treatment of hyperuricaemia and gout for decades.In most patients, the drug is well tolerated, however, about 2% of treated patients develop a skin rash.Also, an estimated 0.4%, particularly people with kidney failure or having concomitant thiazide diuretic therapy, may experience a severe idiosyncratic reaction, known as allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome.][3] About 5% of the population and a quarter of hospitalised patients are hyperuricaemic.Most are asymptomatic and will never develop gout.Also, high urate concentrations do not seem to cause cardiovascular disease, as was previously thought. 4Consequently, urate lowering agents are not indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. 4 5We report a case of fatal allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome after inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.
Anthralin and its acetyl esters: spectroscopic properties and enzyme inhibitory activity
Authors: W. WIEGREBE, A. RETZOW, E. PLUMIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Anthralin and its acetyl esters: spectroscopic properties and enzyme inhibitory activity Get access W. WIEGREBE, W. WIEGREBE Universität Regensburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie, Universitätsstrasse 31, 8400 Regensburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. RETZOW, A. RETZOW Universität Regensburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie, Universitätsstrasse 31, 8400 Regensburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. PLUMIER E. PLUMIER Universität Regensburg, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie, Universitätsstrasse 31, 8400 Regensburg, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 12–14, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00991.x Published: 01 August 1981
Evaluation of the Specificity of Morphological Electrocardiographic Criteria for the Differential Diagnosis of Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia in Patients With Intraventricular Conduction Defects
Authors: Teresa Alberca, Jesús Almendral, Petra Sanz, Aureliano Almazan, Jose Luis Cantalapiedra, Juan Luis Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although several ECG criteria have been described for the differential diagnosis of tachycardias with a wide QRS complex, their applicability in patients with preexisting intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) has been questioned. The specificity of previously described criteria in this context is unknown. Methods and Results We analyzed prospectively the specificity of the QRS morphological criteria previously described in ECGs during sinus rhythm of 232 patients with IVCD. Only 5 of 12 analyzed criteria had a specificity ≥0.90 among our patients: (1) a triphasic configuration (Rsr′or Rr′) QRS complex in V 1 in the presence of a right bundle-branch block morphology (BBBM); (2) a QS, QR, or R QRS pattern in V 6 in the presence of a right BBBM; (3) any Q in V 6 in the presence of a left BBBM; (4) a concordant pattern in all precordial leads; and (5) the absence of an RS complex in all precordial leads (particularly useful for left BBBM). The following criteria—QRS duration &gt;140 ms; a left axis with right BBBM, right superior axis with right BBBM, monophasic or biphasic R wave in V 1 with right BBBM, and a relation R/S &lt;1 with right BBBM; an R &gt;30 ms in lead V 1 or V 2 with left BBBM, &gt;60 ms from QRS onset to S nadir with left BBBM, a notched downstroke S wave with left BBBM, and an R-to-S interval &gt;100 ms in one precordial lead—had a specificity of 0.43, 0.54, 0.87, 0.80, 0.85, 0.78, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.63 (0.84 in right BBBM), respectively. Conclusions Most of the previously described morphological criteria favoring ventricular tachycardia are present in a substantial percentage of patients with IVCD during sinus rhythm. These findings suggest a limited applicability of these criteria in this subset of patients.
Some antimicrobials increased admissions and ED visits for hypoglycemia in older users of glipizide or glyburide
Authors: Noa Eliakim-Raz, Leonard Leibovici
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club17 February 2015Some antimicrobials increased admissions and ED visits for hypoglycemia in older users of glipizide or glyburideNoa Eliakim-Raz, MD, Leonard Leibovici, MDNoa Eliakim-Raz, MDRabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach-Tikvah, Israel (N.E., L.L.)Search for more papers by this author, Leonard Leibovici, MDRabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach-Tikvah, Israel (N.E., L.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-162-4-013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationParekh TM, Raji M, Lin YL, et al. Hypoglycemia after antimicrobial drug prescription for older patients using sulfonylureas. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1605-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25179404Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Endocrinology: Geriatrics: Infectious Disease: References1. Du YF, Ou HY, Beverly EA, Chiu CJ. Achieving glycemic control in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a critical comparison of current options. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1963-80. [PMID: 25429208] Google Scholar2. Sinclair AJ, Paolisso G, Castro M, et al; European Diabetes Working Party for Older People. European Diabetes Working Party for Older People 2011 clinical guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Executive summary. Diabetes Metab. 2011;37:S27-38. [PMID: 221834183]. Google Scholar3. Shorr RI, Ray WA, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Incidence and risk factors for serious hypoglycemia in older persons using insulin or sulfonylureas. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1681-6. [PMID: 9250229] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach-Tikvah, Israel (N.E., L.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 February 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2015Volume 162, Issue 4Page: JC13KeywordsAntibioticsAntimicrobialsCohort studiesDrug interactionsDrugsElderlyHospitalizationsHypoglycemiaMedicare ePublished: 17 February 2015 Issue Published: 17 February 2015 CopyrightCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Case of Three Synchronous Primary Tumors Demonstrated by F-18 FDG PET
Authors: Erik Mittra, Minal Vasanawala, Ryan Niederkohr, Cesar Rodriguez, George Segall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We present an F-18 FDG PET scan which demonstrates 3 synchronous primary malignancies. The patient is a 61-year-old man who presented with weight loss and dysphagia. He was initially diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the midesophagus, and was then found to have an adenocarcinoma in the right lung. A staging PET scan additionally showed increased left tonsillar uptake. Subsequent biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the left tonsil. The demonstration of 3 synchronous primaries by PET is probably rare.
Preoperative Biliary Stents in Pancreatic Cancer — Proceed with Caution
Authors: Todd H. Baron, Richard A. Kozarek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Pancreatic cancer is a common and deadly disease that is diagnosed in more than 40,000 patients annually in the United States, where it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer of the pancreatic head causes biliary obstruction by encasing the distal bile duct in tumor. The only potentially curative option is surgical resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy, commonly referred to as the Whipple procedure).As originally conceived, the Whipple procedure was performed as a two-stage operation. The first stage involved biliary bypass to relieve obstructive jaundice, and the second stage was performed weeks to months later to resect the tumor and . . .
Women's perception of risk of cancer
Authors: K. Lavelle, A. Charlton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses has driven pandemic preparations to become government priorities across Europe. To date these viruses have remained poorly adapted to humans and the risk of a pandemic based on H5N1 is unquantifiable. However, the risk of a future pandemic is 100%. Preparations are essential and without these many avoidable deaths will occur. Children will be affected at least as much as adults and may play an important role in amplifying transmission. Pharmacological and public health interventions focused on children will save lives through suggested community measures such as pre-emptive closures of schools, and need to be considered carefully, balancing benefits against negative consequences. Child health services will be hugely stressed by any pandemic but also have the potential to save many lives. The challenge will be to deliver core services in the face of major staff illnesses. Detailed local business continuity planning will be essential.
Peri-Infarction Block; Electrocardiographic Abnormality Occasionally Resembling Bundle Branch Block and Local Ventricular Block of Other Types
Authors: SAFETY R. FIRST, ROBERT H. BAYLEY, D. R. BEDFORD
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Curves which represent bundle branch block can usually be identified. More important are those which represent peri-infarction block. Multiple unipolar leads enable identification of the latter from the former, which they may closely resemble in the limb leads, and from intraventricular block of other types. Criteria and examples of peri-infarction block are presented and an incidence and explanation are offered.
Spironolactone Increases Nitric Oxide Bioactivity, Improves Endothelial Vasodilator Dysfunction, and Suppresses Vascular Angiotensin I/Angiotensin II Conversion in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Colin A. J. Farquharson, Allan D. Struthers
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The RALES study showed that spironolactone, added to conventional therapy for chronic heart failure, dramatically reduced mortality. We tested the hypothesis that this benefit was partially due to improvement in endothelial function and/or to amplified suppression of the vascular renin-angiotensin axis. Methods and Results —We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study on 10 patients with NYHA class II to III chronic heart failure on standard diuretic/ACE inhibitor therapy, comparing 50 mg/d spironolactone (1 month) versus placebo. Forearm vasculature endothelial function was assessed by bilateral forearm venous occlusion plethysmography using acetylcholine and N -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA), with sodium nitroprusside as a control vasodilator. Also, vascular ACE activity was assessed by use of angiotensin (Ang) I, with Ang II as a control vasoconstrictor. Spironolactone significantly increased the forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine (percentage change in forearm blood flow [mean±SEM], 177±29% versus 95±20%, spironolactone versus placebo; P &lt;0.001), with an associated increase in vasoconstriction due to L-NMMA (−35±6% versus −18±4%; P &lt;0.05). The Ang I response was also significantly reduced with spironolactone ( P &lt;0.05), with Ang II responses unaltered. Conclusions —Spironolactone improves endothelial dysfunction, increases NO bioactivity, and inhibits vascular Ang I/Ang II conversion in patients with heart failure, providing novel mechanisms for its beneficial effect on cardiovascular mortality.
Year in review in intensive care medicine, 2004. II. Brain injury, hemodynamic monitoring and treatment, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal tract, and renal failure
Authors: Peter Andrews, Elie Azoulay, Massimo Antonelli, Laurent Brochard, Christian Brun-Buisson, Geoffrey Dobb, Jean-Yves Fagon, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Jordi Mancebo, Philipp Metnitz, Stefano Nava, Jerome Pugin, Michael Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Christian Richard, Robert Tasker, Benoit Vallet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Smoking and Health Now
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The Royal College of Physicians of London has followed up its first report on Smoking and Health1 with a new report2 in which the medical hazards of smoking are restated, the economic aspects of lost productivity from preventable sickness are emphasized, and a series of suggested actions on the part of the government are clearly outlined.The emphasis throughout is upon the great danger of cigarette smoking, the case against smoking of cigars and pipe tobacco being regarded as unproved. The report claims that cigarette smoking has now become as important a cause of death as the great epidemic diseases . . .
Book Review The Fibromyalgia Story: Medical Authority and Women's Worlds of Pain By Kristin K. Barker. 252 pp. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2005. $68.50 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). 1-59213-160-3 (cloth); 1-59213-161-1 (paper). Fibromyalgia and Other Central Pain Syndromes Edited by Daniel J. Wallace and Daniel J. Clauw. 421 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2005. $89.95. 0-7817-5261-2
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Doctors and ministers oppose EC's plans for testing IVF samples
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Commission’s plan to insist that reproductive cells being processed or stored for treatments such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) should be tested for a number of infections to avoid possible cross-contamination is being strongly resisted by national governments and the medical profession.

The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology maintains that the new requirement is unnecessary and would have substantial implications for the cost of fertility treatment in Europe.

“With 900 000 assisted reproduction treatments annually, such as IVF and intrauterine inseminations, in Europe, the European Commission’s proposal to screen both partners before each treatment could …
Geoffrey (“Geoff”) Comins Mansfield
Authors: J B Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Professor of surgery who developed evidence based surgery and medical ethicsAlan Johnson rose rapidly through the ranks of academic surgery to become reader in surgery at Charing Cross Hospital in 1971, a post he held until moving to the chair in surgery in Sheffield in 1979.He combined excellence in surgical skills, sharp scientific aptitude, a rigorous approach to developing evidence based surgery, and a strong interest in medical ethics.He translated these interests into a body of published work which made an important contribution to the disciplines of gastroduodenal motility, hepatobiliary and upper gastrointestinal surgery, randomised surgical trials, and medical ethics.In total, he edited or authored 10 textbooks, over 35 book chapters, and almost 200 original publications.Two of his books were published after his retirement, including a text on surgical palliative care, and his last book, entitled Making Sense of Medical Ethics and written jointly with his son Paul, was completed a month before his death.He published prospective randomised trials evaluating the role of lithotripsy in the treatment of gallstones and a trial comparing laparoscopic with mini-and evaluated new techniques throughout his surgical career and latterly had been a pioneer in the surgical treatment of obesity.
No more free lunches: It is time we all grew up
Authors: S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The dispiriting BMJ of 31 May uses acres of newsprint to state the obvious that pharmaceutical companies manufacture drugs and promote them to prescribers, who sometimes succumb to the blandishments.1

I have received 53 research grants from 20 sources: research councils, government departments, and medical charities, with one from a pharmaceutical company. I have dealt with industry at many levels, as well as with people from various institutions that support …
Activation of the prolactin receptor but not the growth hormone receptor is important for induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice.
Authors: H Wennbo, M Gebre-Medhin, A Gritli-Linde, C Ohlsson, O G Isaksson, J Törnell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Transgenic mice overexpressing the human growth hormone gene develop mammary carcinomas. Since human growth hormone gene can activate both the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR), it is not clear which receptor system is responsible for the malignant transformation. To clarify the receptor specificity, we created transgenic mice with two different genes: (a) transgenic mice overexpressing the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene having high levels of bGH only activating the GHR and also high serum levels of IGF-I; and (b) transgenic mice overexpressing the rat PRL (rPRL) gene that have elevated levels of PRL (one line 150 ng/ml and one line 13 ng/ml) only binding to the PRLR and with normal IGF-I levels. When analyzed histologically, all of the PRL transgenic female mice developed mammary carcinomas at 11-15 mo of age. Only normal mammary tissue was observed among the bGH transgenic animals and the controls. Cell lines established from a tumor produced rPRL and expressed PRLR. In organ culture experiments, an auto/paracrine effect of rPRL was demonstrated. In conclusion, activation of the PRLR is sufficient for induction of mammary carcinomas in mice, while activation of the GHR is not sufficient for mammary tumor formation.
Managing the complications of childhood arthritis
Authors: T. Southwood
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--I agree with Aideen Landers that the recommendations for ocular slit lamp screening are confusing.1 The most important points to emphasise are that children with juvenile chronic arthritis are at greater risk of developing asymptomatic chronic anterior uveitis than the normal population and that irreversible complications may be prevented if the uveitis is detected early by slit lamp examination and treated effectively. Landers cited the guidelines for slit lamp screening issued by a joint working party of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and the British Paediatric Association,2 but unfortunately these …
Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in children
Authors: J. M. Henriksen
Journal: Allergy (1988)

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study investigated the efficacy of nedocromil sodium in reducing bronchoconstriction subsequent to exercise challenge in asthmatic children. Twelve children aged 7‐14 years (mean 10.8 years) were pretreated with nedocromil sodium aerosol (2 inhalations; 2 mg/inhalation) or matching placebo, 30 min prior to treadmill running. Lung function was measured at regular intervals post‐exercise and the mean maximum percentage decrease in PEF and FEV 1 compared following nedocromil sodium or placebo pretreatment. Nedocromil sodium significantly reduced the fall in PEF (P&lt;0.001) and FEV 1 (P&lt;0.001) and provided significantly greater protection (P&lt;0.001) than placebo. No adverse reactions or unusual symptoms were observed.
Selective αvβ3 integrin blockade potently limits neointimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis following deep coronary arterial stent injury1:
Authors: S.Sanjay Srivatsa, Lorraine A Fitzpatrick, Peter W Tsao, Thomas M Reilly, David R Holmes, Robert S Schwartz, Shaker A Mousa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Lumen loss from vascular restenosis remains a leading cause of chronic revascularization failure. Objective: We hypothesized that cell-matrix adhesion, migration, and differentiation events that underlie restenosis are mediated by αvβ3 integrin-ligand interactions. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we examined the spatial and temporal vessel wall expression of αvβ3 and osteopontin following deep coronary arterial injury. Cell migration and adhesion assays were performed to demonstrate the affinity and specificity of XJ735 for various vessel wall integrins. The effects of XJ 735 (a selective cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptidomimetic αvβ3 antagonist) on neointimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis were tested in a porcine coronary injury model. Normolipemic swine underwent oversized stent injury followed by XJ 735 administration (9 animals, 28 lesions; 1 mg/kg bolus+7 days 4 mg/kg/d infusion+21 days 2 mg/kg i.v. bolus 12 hourly) or placebo (10 animals, 30 arterial lesions). Results: Maximal αvβ3 immunoreactivity was observed between 7–14 days following injury in the neointima, media, and adventitia. Maximal osteopontin mRNA signal in the neointima, media, and adventitia was observed at 14, 7 and 28 days respectively. IC50 for XJ 735 αvβ3-mediated inhibition of human and porcine endothelial cell adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle cell migration, ranged from 0.6 to 4.4 μM. In contrast, IC50 for porcine or human αIIb/β3, α4β1, αvβ5, and α5β1 inhibition exceeded 100 μM. Steady state XJ 735 plasma levels exceeded 5 μM. Despite slightly higher injury scores in XJ 735 treated animals, significant reductions in mean neointima area (43% reduction; p = 0.0009), and mean percent lumen stenosis (∼2.9 fold reduction; p = 0.04) were observed in XJ 735 treated animals. XJ 735 treatment did not significantly alter the relative size of the arterial injury and reference sites (geometric remodeling). Comparison of neontima area vs. injury score regression lines revealed significant reductions in slope (p = 0.0001) and intercept (p = 0.0001) for XJ 735. Conclusions: Selective αvβ3 blockade is an effective anti-restenosis strategy that potently limits neointimal growth and lumen stenosis following deep arterial injury. The co-ordinate spatial and temporal upregulation of αvβ3 expression following vessel wall injury, and the high affinity and specificity of XJ 735 for αvβ3, confirms the importance of this integrin in adhesive and migratory cell-matrix events underlying coronary restenosis.
Salmeterol in smokers with COPD.
Authors: B. J. Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Salmeterol in smokers with COPDHaving recently read the study by Ulrik (July 1995;50:750-4) regarding the use of sal- meterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), I wish to make comment on the methodology used and conclusions drawn.The choice of a forced expiratory test and, particularly, the peak expiratory flow rate as the main end point for efficacy is inappropriate, given its known insensitivity at picking up bronchodilator response due to effects of dynamic expiratory airway com- pression.Effort independent tests such as relaxed vital capacity or trapped gas volume are much more sensitive in this respect.'Are we therefore to believe, on the basis of peak flow recordings, that a mean treatment