tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN PARABIOSIS INTOXICATION
Authors: Henry R. Hilgard, Eugene A. Cornelius, Agustin P. Dalmasso, Carlos Martinez, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

When A strain mice are placed in parabiotic union with (A x C57Bl/1)F(1) hybrid partners, the parental strain partners are polycythemic and the hybrids anemic from the 5th through the 16th parabiosis days. All hybrids develop clinical intoxication between the 7th and the 12th days, and no pairs survive to 1 month. Long-term survival of parabiotic pairs can be achieved if lethally irradiated or specifically tolerant parental strain mice are united to hybrid partners. Production of tolerance by either of these methods results in elimination of anemia-polycythemia by the 12th parabiosis day and prevents intoxication in the hybrid partners. Preimmunization of the parental strain partners against the C57Bl/1 component of the hybrid leads to a considerable intensification of day 5 anemia-polycythemia. Intoxication develops in the hybrid partners between the 4th and the 6th days after union. It is concluded that anemia is primarily responsible for the syndrome of clinical intoxication. Early anemia-polycythemia on day 5 does not depend upon an immunological mechanism, but the late anemia-polycythemia appearing between days 12 and 16 is a function of the ability of the parental strain mouse to react immunologically against its hybrid partner. When neonatally thymectomized A strain mice are joined to hybrid partners, anemia-polycythemia is sustained through the 16th day and the hybrid partners develop clinical intoxication. On the other hand, when both partners are neonatally thymectomized, late anemia-polycythemia is considerably reduced, and the hybrid partners apparently do not develop clinical intoxication. It is concluded that normal hybrid mice are capable of reconstituting the immunological capacity of their thymectomized partners, whereas thymectomized hybrid mice do not have this restorative capacity. These findings are discussed in terms of their possible application to the problem of the induction of immunological tolerance in adult mice by the parabiosis procedure.
Neoadjuvant Trials Could Speed Up Drug Approvals
Authors: J. Peres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

NEOSPHERE study, a randomized phase II trial that showed that adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and docetaxel nearly doubled the rate of pCR (39.3% vs. 21.5%). Additional data from the TRYPHAENA study, as well as longer-term safety data from the phase III CLEOPATRA study of pertuzumab in metastatic breast cancer, were also submitted in support of the approval. (TRYPHAENA is a phase II study of neoadjuvant pertuzumab in earlystage breast cancer designed primarily to assess cardiac safety, but pCR was a secondary endpoint.)
Encephalitis and Poliomyelitis in the Adult Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: Leonard W. Jarcho, Herbert L. Fred, C. Hilmon Castle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

TWO children suffering from an illness diagnosed clinically as mild paralytic poliomyelitis were the source of the original Coxsackie virus.1 Nonetheless, the ability of this virus to produce neuronal damage has been largely overlooked amid the extraneural syndromes that it causes (for example, herpangina, pleurodynia and epidemic myalgia). Thus, in several recent authoritative reviews,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Coxsackie viruses are accepted as the cause of "benign aseptic meningitis" and mild poliomyelitic syndromes,9 the latter occurring principally in children. Serious disease of the brain or spinal cord is noted almost exclusively in the frequently disastrous encephalomyocarditis of neonates and infants.10 In a few epidemiologic . . .
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Osteoprotegerin Inhibits Vascular Calcification Without Affecting Atherosclerosis in <i>ldlr</i> <sup>(−/−)</sup> Mice”
Authors: Sean Morony, Denise Dwyer, Marina Stolina, Paul J. Kostenuik, Yin Tintut, Zina Zhang, Linda L. Demer, Russell C. Cattley, Gwyneth Van
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Geriatrics: An Olympian View
Authors: William D. Poe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The old are so numerous these days that they constitute a strong, growing and demanding segment of the population. At the same time teachers of geriatrics are rare. Training programs in geriatrics are rarer still. Why?For one thing, geriatrics may not be a legitimate specialty. The study of medicine is overly fragmented already with specialists in such esoteric subjects as the sexual adjustment of parents to the chromosomal makeup of offspring. Medical specialties are indeed all-pervasive, especially in Olympus, the modern medical teaching center. We have specialists in adolescent medicine, ephebiatrists, and in hair transplantation, which on short notice . . .
Molecular Adaptation of Alanine : Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Targeting in Primates
Authors: Joanna D. Holbrook, Graeme M. Birdsey, Ziheng Yang, Michael W. Bruford, Christopher J. Danpure
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The intermediary metabolic enzyme alanine : glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is targeted to different organelles (mitochondria and/or peroxisomes) in different species. Possibly under the influence of dietary selection pressure, the subcellular distribution of AGT has changed on at least eight occasions during the evolution of mammals. AGT targeting is dependent on the variable use of two alternative transcription and translation initiation sites which determine whether or not the region encoding the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence is contained within the open reading frame. In the present study, we sequenced the 5′ region of the AGT gene, including both ancestral translation start sites, for 11 anthropoid primates and compared the results with data already available for two others. We show that while the more 3′ of the two translation start sites is maintained in all species, the more 5′ site has been lost in six species (five of seven catarrhines and one of six platyrrhines). In addition, the remaining two catarrhines, which have maintained the 5′ translation start site, are predicted to have lost mitochondrial targeting by a different mechanism, possibly loss of the more 5′ transcription start site. Analysis of the relative frequencies of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations in the region encoding the extant or ancestral mitochondrial targeting sequences led us to suggest that there has been recent strong positive selection pressure to lose, or decrease the efficiency of, mitochondrial AGT targeting in several anthropoid lineages, and that the loss of mitochondrial targeting in this group of mammals is likely to have occurred on at least four, and possibly five, separate occasions.
RUPTURE OF THE UTERUS WITH EXPULSION OF THE FETUS INTO THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Authors: H. R. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1912)

CASES of rutpture of the uiterus in wllicl tle fetus lhas been wlholly expelled into the abdominal cavity are amlong the imiost unfavourable for treatment that can be met with.Tlle patient only too often succumibs as the restult of sshock, haeinorrliage, or pelitonitis, in -spite of operative ,treatment.As I have been forttunate enouglh to lhave two stuch cases that recovered, operation being performed withini a short tinle of the occurrence of the rnpture, I thinlk it worth while to record them.CAS,E L l. A. 8., 35, was admitte(l inito the London HoSLpital with a diagnosis of ruLpture of the uteruts after applicationi of forcevI with the head above the h)rim.Onaccount of ihaemorrhage the forceps were takeni off and( examlination made.The painis ceased, the head was found to have recededl, thie initestine could be felt in the vagina, anid the fetuis was easily palpable und(ler
THE TREATMENT OF TINEAL DERMATITIS OF THE EXTREMITIES
Authors: WILLIAM ALLEN PUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Ringworm of the hands and feet usually begins, and persists for a long time, as a subacute inflammatory process in the interdigital spaces between the three outer toes. Usually this consists simply of an excess of thickened horny epidermis with some moisture between the toes, and with some fissuring and excoriations. Along with this there often occur, usually in warm weather, blebs on the soles, particularly under the arch. These blebs are deep-seated, rather large, and with translucent contents which later become yellowish. The blebs may be isolated but they more frequently occur in groups. At the time of their development, they are tender from tension. Later, with absorption of their contents, this discomfort disappears. They may rutpure, but from the toughness of their outer wall they may remain intact until their contents are absorbed. Then, after a week or ten days, the dead epidermis peels off, leaving a polycyclic,
Chicago area methyl parathion response.
Authors: Kenneth G McCann, C Michael Moomey, Kenny D Runkle, Daniel O Hryhorczuk, J Milton Clark, Dana B Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The Illinois Department of Public Health participated in the Chicago, Illinois, area methyl parathion (MP) response with several other federal, state, and local government agencies beginning in April 1997. This response was initiated on evidence that hundreds of homes in the Chicago area were illegally treated for cockroaches with MP over a period of several years. Through applicator receipt books and information reported by property owners and tenants, 968 homes were identified as having been treated with MP. Upon implementation of a response plan developed by the Methyl Parathion Health Sciences Steering Committee, environmental sampling and urine monitoring were provided for eligible households. Environmental sampling was conducted in 903 homes, with MP detected above levels of concern in 596 residences. Residents of these homes were offered urine sampling to determine the extent of exposure to MP. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for p-nitrophenol in 1,913 individuals. Implementation of the protocol resulted in 550 residents being relocated during the remediation of 100 households.
Experimental common cold increases mucosal output of eotaxin in atopic individuals
Authors: Lennart Greiff, Morgan Andersson, Christer Svensson, Eva Andersson, Margareta Linden, Steven Myint, Carl G.A. Persson
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : In view of recent observations demonstrating that rhinovirus infections are associated with increased local activity of eosinophils, we hypothesized that eotaxin, a selective eosinophil chemoattractant, may be involved in eosinophil recruitment/activation in common cold infections. Methods : Twenty‐three patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were inoculated with human rhinovirus 16 (HRV 16) outside the pollen season. Sequential diluent and allergen (10 3 SQ‐U) challenges, each followed by nasal lavage, were carried out about 3 months before and 4 days after virus inoculation. Results : Seventeen patients developed common cold and were further analyzed. Lavage fluid levels of eotaxin were increased at the height of active common cold (day 4 after inoculation) both at baseline (after diluent challenge) ( P &lt;0.01) and acutely after allergen challenge ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions : Common cold symptoms after nasal HRV 16 inoculation are associated with increased nasal mucosal output of eotaxin, suggesting that this chemokine is partly responsible for recruitment/activation of airway mucosal eosinophils in common cold infections.
A new antigen-antibody system. Clinical significance in long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: L. O. Magnius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A new antigen-antibody system was recently described in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAG(-positive sera. Despite indications of heterogeneity in specificity, the designations "e antigen" and "e antibodies" are used for the system as such in this articly. E'IGHT OF 17 long-term carriers of HBSAg with a histological picture of chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis carried the e antigen, while none had demonstrable e antibodies in serum. Ten of 12 healthy carriers with e antibodies were blood donors who had donated 95 units of blood; none of these carriers was associeated with a reported case of posttransfusion hepatitis. In five individuals in the incubation stage of hepatitis B, e antigen appeared simultaneously with HBSAg but before the rise in transaminase levels. This finding further links e antigen to hepatitis B.
Surgical Treatment of Mediastinal Neurogenic Tumors and Dumbell Syndrome in Adults: a 12-Year Experience, January 2002 to January 2014
Authors: F. Gradica, L. Lisha, D. Argjiri, F. Kokici, A. Cami, G. Cerga, P. Hyska, P. Kapisyzi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH PICROTOXIN AS A CONVULSANT IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESSES
Authors: ABRAHAM A. LOW, ELIZABETH MACDOUGALL, EDWARD ROSS, MANDEL SACHS, DAVID LEVITIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

1. A report is given of 102 patients treated with picrotoxin as convulsant. 64 of the patients received a combination of picrotoxin with metrazol. 2. The combined treatment reduces nausea and vomiting to a minimum. Multiple convulsions occurred in two instances only. Terror was absent, and the paroxysm was induced in a conveniently short time. 3. Complications were approximately the same in type and frequency as when picrotoxin or metrazol alone were used.
Forum One: Current Recommendations about Intensification of Metabolic Control in Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Robert R. Henry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Purpose: To review issues about intensive management of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to formulate recommendations for goals and general approaches to implementation of intensive management. Method: A panel of clinical scientists and practitioners specializing in diabetes initially used a formal nominal process to identify the points of agreement on major issues. These points were further refined in a general conference discussion. Conclusions: 1) On the basis of data from intervention trials in IDDM that prove that intensive glycemic control reduces microvascular and neuropathic complications, coupled with epidemiologic and basic scientific data that support the strong likelihood of a similar benefit in NIDDM, the goal of treatment in NIDDM should be near-normal glycemia [glycohemoglobin level no higher than 1.0% above the upper normal limit]; 2) glycemic targets should be adjusted individually according to clinical factors such as increased risk for hypoglycemia, advanced age, or reduced life expectancy from comorbid conditions; 3) some degree of comprehensive and repetitive instruction about diet and exercise and the use of blood glucose self-monitoring for all patients is essential to achieve the chosen targets; 4) intensive management of hyperglycemia should be instituted early and should initially emphasize diet and exercise therapy; staged introduction of oral hypoglycemic agents and finally insulin regimens of increasing complexity are recommended as needed to achieve glycemic targets; 5) comprehensive care must also include aggressive attempts to reduce cardiovascular risk factors [particularly hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity] as well as prevention of nephropathy and neuropathy; 6) the complex interaction among treatment regimens for hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension ideally requires a team approach, using a physician, diabetes educator, nurse, dietitian, and other health professionals; health insurers should make these resources available to generalists who currently care for most diabetic patients.
Decreased tetranectin in multiple myeloma
Authors: Henrik Nielsen, Inge Clemmensen, Hans J. Nielsen, Aage Drivsholm
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Tetranectin, a recently described human protein widely distributed in the body and with possible importance for cell growth and differentiation, has previously been observed to be decreased in patients with solid malignant tumors. In patients with multiple myeloma, either untreated or previously treated, serum levels were found to be significantly reduced. A negligible interindividual variation was observed. Levels of serum tetranectin were not correlated with serum albumin, hemoglobin, or M‐component. Low levels of tetranectin may be related to the growth and spread of malignant cells or reflect a general catabolic state of chronic disease.
Roger Patrick Doherty
Authors: D. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Roger Patrick Docherty was born on 12 May 1932 in Coleraine, County Derry, and later went to boarding school at St George’s College in Weybridge. Many friendships which began there and in the holidays continued throughout all his years, as did those that began after joining Barts to study medicine in 1951.

On qualifying MB BS in 1956, he became the house surgeon on the professorial unit and shortly after began his national service with a short service commission in the Royal Navy. The navy then decided that it should provide full medical services for families so he accepted the opportunity to train in obstetrics and gynaecology. When his …
The mouse equivalent of the human p53ser249 mutation p53ser246 enhances aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic and p53 heterozygous null mice
Authors: Nader Ghebranious, Stewart Sell
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The relative contribution to development of hepatocellular carcinoma of the mouse equivalent to the human p53ser249 mutation, found in human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with aflatoxin (AFB1) exposure, is compared with other major risk factors in a transgenic mouse model. Transgenic p53ser246 mice, expressing the mutant protein gene under the control of a truncated albumin promoter, were bred to mice lacking p53 (p53−/−) and to transgenic mice expressing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis was then determined in offspring with single or multiple risk factors by determination of the numbers of high-grade hepatic tumors at 13 months of age. In AFB1-treated male mice, expression of the p53ser246 mutation increases the incidence of high-grade tumors from 0% to 14% in HBsAg-negative, p53+/+ (wild-type homozygous) control mice; from 14% to 71% in HBsAg-negative, p53+/− (wild-type heterozygous) mice; and from 62% to 100% in HBsAg-positive, p53+/+ mice. Thus, whereas HBsAg expression and AFB1 together are strongly cocarcinogenic, the presence of the p53ser246 mutant not only significantly enhances this cocarcinogenic effect, it also increases tumorigenesis in AFB1-treated p53 heterozygous and homozygous mice not expressing HBsAg. The possibility that the p53ser246 mutant protein may act as a promoting agent for AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed.
OBRA Fee Reduction and Physician Behavior
Authors: José J. Escarce
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —In a recent article 1 inThe JOURNAL, I reported that the Medicare fee reductions for overpriced procedures under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87) did not affect the use of physician services by Medicare patients. Drs Ginsburg and Hogan, 2 in an accompanying Commentary, disagree with my conclusions, alleging methodological problems with my study. They contrast my findings with those of the Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC), 3 which found that the OBRA 87 fee reductions resulted in higher use of surgeons services (ie, a behavioral offset).  Ginsburg and Hogan contend that the changes in Medicare fees that occurred during the period of my study (1987 to 1989) were driven largely by physicians' own pricing behavior rather than Medicare payment policy, rendering the interpretation of fee/utilization correlations problematic. Their assertion, however, reflects an incorrect reading of the available data.  In 1989, Medicare fees
Donor Age and Factors Related to Endothelial Cell Loss 10 Years after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Jonathan H. Lass, Beth Ann Benetz, Robin L. Gal, Craig Kollman, Dan Raghinaru, Mariya Dontchev, Mark J. Mannis, Edward J. Holland, Christopher Chow, Kristen McCoy, Francis W. Price, Alan Sugar, David D. Verdier, Roy W. Beck
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Digitalis Toxicity Manifested by Dysphagia
Authors: John G. Kelton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Digitalis toxicity manifested by clinical or ECG signs is encountered in up to 20% of the patients receiving this drug.<sup>1</sup>Extracardiac symptoms of toxicity occur most frequently in the CNS (fatigue, dizziness, delirium) and the gastrointestinal (GI) system (anorexia, nausea, vomiting). The GI side effects are probably mediated by direct irritation by the drug of CNS chemoceptors rather than by local action on the GI tract.<sup>2</sup> Recently a patient came to Duke University Medical Center with an unusual symptom of digitalis toxicity. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 89-year-old woman with congestive heart failure had been treated with. 125 mg of digoxin each day for several years, the low dosage being used because of mild azotemia. She was seen for routine examination and inadvertently was given digoxin (Lanoxin),.25 mg per day. Approximately one month later, she noted the insidious onset of dysphagia initially for solids, then
Influence of Reported Study Design Characteristics on Intervention Effect Estimates From Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Jelena Savović, Hayley E. Jones, Douglas G. Altman, Ross J. Harris, Peter Jüni, Julie Pildal, Bodil Als-Nielsen, Ethan M. Balk, Christian Gluud, Lise Lotte Gluud, John P.A. Ioannidis, Kenneth F. Schulz, Rebecca Beynon, Nicky J. Welton, Lesley Wood, David Moher, Jonathan J. Deeks, Jonathan A.C. Sterne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Published evidence suggests that aspects of trial design lead to biased intervention effect estimates, but findings from different studies are inconsistent. This study combined data from 7 meta-epidemiologic studies and removed overlaps to derive a final data set of 234 unique meta-analyses containing 1973 trials. Outcome measures were classified as "mortality," "other objective," "or subjective," and Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate associations of trial characteristics with average bias and between-trial heterogeneity. Intervention effect estimates seemed to be exaggerated in trials with inadequate or unclear (vs. adequate) random-sequence generation (ratio of odds ratios, 0.89 [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.82 to 0.96]) and with inadequate or unclear (vs. adequate) allocation concealment (ratio of odds ratios, 0.93 [CrI, 0.87 to 0.99]). Lack of or unclear double-blinding (vs. double-blinding) was associated with an average of 13% exaggeration of intervention effects (ratio of odds ratios, 0.87 [CrI, 0.79 to 0.96]), and between-trial heterogeneity was increased for such studies (SD increase in heterogeneity, 0.14 [CrI, 0.02 to 0.30]). For each characteristic, average bias and increases in between-trial heterogeneity were driven primarily by trials with subjective outcomes, with little evidence of bias in trials with objective and mortality outcomes. This study is limited by incomplete trial reporting, and findings may be confounded by other study design characteristics. Bias associated with study design characteristics may lead to exaggeration of intervention effect estimates and increases in between-trial heterogeneity in trials reporting subjectively assessed outcomes.
Prognosis in Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents in Relation to Respiratory Pattern and Blood--gas Tensions
Authors: M. W. Rout, D. J. Lane, L. Wollner
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Respiratory pattern and arterial blood gas tensions were assessed in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Hyperventilation, low Pco<sub>2</sub>, and high arterial pH were associated with a poor prognosis, whereas patients with normal respiratory pattern and blood gas tensions survived. Periodic and Cheyne-Stokes breathing carried an intermediate prognosis.