tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal allergic disease does not affect the phenotype of T and B cells or the immune response to allergens in neonates
Authors: E. Rindsjö, M. Joerink, C. Johansson, K. Bremme, V. Malmström, A. Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (2009)

It is hypothesized that the in utero environment in allergic mothers can affect the neonatal immune responses. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of maternal allergic disease on cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) phenotype and proliferative responses upon allergen stimulation.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 12 allergic and 14 nonallergic mothers and CBMC from their children were analysed. In the mothers, we determined cell proliferation, production of IL-4 and expression of FOXP3 in response to allergen stimulation. In the children, we evaluated cell proliferation and FOXP3 expression following allergen stimulation. Furthermore, expression of different homing markers on T cells and regulatory T cells and maturity of the T cells and B cell subsets were evaluated directly ex vivo.The timothy- and birch-allergic mothers responded with increased proliferation and/or IL-4 production towards timothy and birch extract, respectively, when compared to nonallergic mothers. This could not be explained by impairment of FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in the allergic mothers. CBMC proliferation and FOXP3 expression in response to allergens were not affected by the allergic status of the mother. Also, phenotype of T cells, FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells and B cells was not affected by the allergic status of the mother.Our results suggest that maternal allergic disease has no effect on the neonatal response to allergens or the phenotype of neonatal lymphocytes. The factors studied here could, however, still affect later development of allergy.
Effect of Air Pollutants on Ciliated Mucus-Secreting Epithelium&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Herta M. Tremer, Hans L. Falk, Paul Kotin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

The physiologic activity of the respiratory epithelium is adversely affected by chemical agents in polluted urban atmosphere. This is manifested by a slowing of the flow of the mucous stream, alteration in the physical properties of the mucus, and changes in ciliary activity. The response may be quantitated by measuring the flow rate of particles of isolated strips of ciliated mucus-secreting epithelium. While quantitative differences exist in different species of animals, the qualitative pattern is a relatively consistent one. The impingement of chemical agents produces a more intense and longer lasting effect than does the passive flow of agents over the epithelium. The demonstration in vitro of slowing of mucous flow can be paralleled by using studies in vivo in which abnormal retention of soot can be demonstrated following exposure of intact animals to chemical agents in polluted urban atmosphere. The changes in mucous flow observed during quantitative studies are associated with histologically demonstrable changes in the epithelium. Interference with mucous flow facilitates the accumulation and retention of carcinogenic particulates, so that a biologic environment for their optimum action is created.
A preliminary study on gastric cancer plasma in Singapore
Authors: Lee Huiyin, Shirly Chong, Qing Song Lim, Choy Leong Hew, Jimmy Soo, Khay Guan Yeoh, Yoon Pin Lim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B55 

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and has remarkable predominance in Asian population, especially among the Chinese ethnic group. Early detection is a key pillar in cancer management. Due to its minimally invasive nature, several groups have attempted to discover gastric cancer biomarkers from the blood using SELDI-based approach. While a certain degree of success has been achieved, we are interested to employ the state-of-the-art isotope-based, LC-MS/MS method as a complementary tool for gastric cancer biomarker discovery. This study employed IgY-12 columns to deplete the high abundant plasma proteins, with the intention to identify differentially expressed low abundant plasma proteins between health subjects and gastric cancer patients. The relative protein quantification and identification was obtained using isobaric tags (iTRAQ) coupled with LC-MALDI-MS-MS analysis. A total of 158 proteins were identified from duplicates experimental set-up, where 24 and 15 proteins were found to be decreased and increased in expression levels, respectively. Further validation will be carried out to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of candidate proteins for early detection of gastric cancer.
Abstract 18207: Role of Coronary Angiography with Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yader Sandoval, David F Miranda, Steven R Goldsmith, Bradley A Bart, Stephen W Smith, Fouad A Bachour
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Emerging data have supported a strategy of earlier access to cardiac catheterization in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, there are as yet no randomized controlled trials (RCT) addressing the issue, and the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on outcome is unclear in the absence of STEMI. We report here the characteristics and outcomes of patients with OHCA without STEMI undergoing coronary angiography (CA) with PCI vs. no PCI, in contrast to patients not undergoing CA. Methods: Single center, retrospective study of 195 patients with OHCA without STEMI between July 2007 and April 2014. Patients were categorized into CA vs. no CA (control), and among those undergoing CA we compared those treated with PCI vs. no PCI. Mortality was assessed along with key relevant clinical and angiographic variables in each group (Table). Results: 195 cases with OHCA without STEMI were reviewed, among which 102 (52%) did not undergo CA. 93 (48%) patients underwent CA, of which 21 (23%) underwent PCI, whereas 72 (77%) did not require PCI. Acute culprit lesion was identified in only 19 out of 93 (20.4%) Inpatient mortality was similar in those undergoing PCI vs. no PCI (19% vs. 14%, p=0.56). Patients that did not undergo CA had a significantly worse mortality, in comparison to patients undergoing CA (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: In this series of consecutive patients with OHCA without STEMI, culprit lesions were uncommon when CA was performed. Overall outcomes in patients receiving CA were better than in those not receiving CA, likely reflecting referral bias based on disease severity. However, successful PCI in patients with obstructive CAD and culprit lesions was not associated with improved inpatient survival. These findings emphasize the need for RCTs to guide the need for CA and/or PCI in these patients.
Ricin Vaccine Developed
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In brief
Authors: A Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A heart surgeon in Heidelberg who was fined DM200000 for accepting money from a manufacturer of heart valves to invest in his research department has denied that he acted corruptly. Siegfried Hagl was found guilty of unlawfully receiving research money via a charity from 1990 to 1992.

A court in Heidelberg ruled that the money should have been given to the administration of Heidelberg university hospital. It was alleged that the firm's payments to Hagl's department varied according to sales figures for the valve. Hagl denied that he had acted corruptly, insisting that …
IASLC Akciğer Kanseri Evreleme Projesi Prospektif Proje için Veri Elementleri
Authors: Dorothy J. Giroux, Ramón Rami-Porta, Kari Chansky, John J. Crowley, Patti A. Groome, Pieter E. Postmus, Valerie Rusch, ║ Jean-Paul Sculier, Frances A. Shepherd, Leslie Sobin, Peter Goldstraw, Frcs
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Intent and lethality of suicide attempts among female borderline inpatients
Authors: S L Shearer, C P Peters, M S Quaytman, B E Wadman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Data relevant to variations in self-destructive behavior are reported for 40 female borderline inpatients. These data were assessed in relation to measures of the patients' suicidal intent, the lethality of their attempts, and their empirically derived suicide risk. Variation in the seriousness of suicide attempts was accounted for primarily by age, number of suicide attempts, presence of an eating disorder, psychotic features, and family history variables, with generalized anxiety disorder as a mitigating factor. In addition to age and number of attempts, concomitant histrionic and antisocial features were differentially predictive of the empirically derived risk of suicide.
328. Paramyxovirus Fusion Protein Trimers: Partial Membrane-Proximal Ectodomain Cleavage Enhances Function
Authors: Veronika von Messling, Dragana Milosevic, Patricia Devaux, Roberto Cattaneo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Cell fusion has therapeutic applications in cancer gene therapy, virotherapy and the generation of novel cancer vaccines. We have previously shown that fusion mediated by the envelope protein complex of paramyxoviruses can be redirected to achieve target specificity (Vongpunsawad et al., 2004, J. Virol. 78, 302–313 and references therein; Nakamura et al., 2004, Nature Biotech., in press). These studies were based on the modification of the viral attachment protein H. Below we show that the efficacy with which the paramyxovirus envelope protein complex executes fusion depends also on the accuracy with which the fusion protein F is processed. In particular, we show that F protein processing occurs not only at the F1/F2 cleavage/activation site, but also in a membrane-proximal position.
Abstract 18734: Inhibition of KCNQ Channels Provides Coronary Flow Dependent Protection against Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Additive to Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Jacob Johnsen, Elise R Hedegaard, Jonas A Povlsen, Nichlas R Jespersen, Jeffrey A Shanmuganathan, Steen B Kristiansen, Ulf Simonsen, Hans E Bøtker
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: The delayed rectifier potassium channels KCNQ (KV7) are activated under ischemic conditions and mediates hypoxic vasodilatation. We investigated the influence of KCNQ channel modulation on cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury and its interaction with cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC).

Methods: Using isolated, retrogradely perfused Wistar rat hearts (n=4-9) in a constant pressure controlled Langendorff setup, we evaluated the effects of the KCNQ channel inhibitors XE991 and linopirdine, and the KCNQ channel opener, flupirtine, on myocardial IR injury. Hearts were subjected to 40 min of no-flow, global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion with and without concurrent IPC. The isolated vasomotor effects of XE991 and IPC on IR injury were evaluated by gently reperfusing hearts with reduced initial coronary flow rate at 12ml/min in a flow controlled setup. Cardioprotection was evaluated by infarct size (IS) quantification using 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and hemodynamic measurements using a balloon tipped catheter inserted in the left ventricle.

Results: As shown in the figure, IPC and KCNQ channel inhibition by XE991 and linopirdine reduced infarct size in constant pressure perfused hearts. IPC yielded additive protection to both compounds (p<0.0001 compared to each blocker alone), while flupirtine abolished infarct size reduction by IPC. Controlled gentle reflow reduced infarct size and abolished the infarct size reduction by XE991 (p=0.77) but not by IPC (p=0.004). Similar results were obtained when cardioprotection was evaluated by postischemic hemodynamic recovery.

Conclusion: Pharmacological and mechanical reduction of myocardial blood flow during initial reperfusion yield cardioprotection additive to the protection achieved by IPC alone.

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Drug points: Tonic-clonic seizures in patients taking sildenafil
Authors: R. Gilad
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The basal ganglia (BG) play an important role in motor control, reinforcement learning, and perceptual decision making. Modeling and experimental evidence suggest that, in a speed–accuracy tradeoff, the corticostriatal pathway can adaptively adjust a decision threshold (the amount of information needed to make a choice). In this study, we go beyond the focus of previous works on the direct and hyperdirect pathways to examine the contribution of the indirect pathway of the BG system to decision making in a biophysically based spiking network model. We find that the mechanism of adjusting the decision threshold by plasticity of the corticostriatal connections is effective, provided that the indirect pathway counterbalances the direct pathway in their projections to the output nucleus. Furthermore, in our model, changes within basal ganglia connections similar to those that arise in parkinsonism give rise to strong beta oscillations. Specifically, beta oscillations are produced by an abnormal enhancement of the interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of globus pallidus (GPe) in the indirect pathway, with an oscillation frequency that depends on the excitatory cortical input to the STN and the inhibitory input to the GPe from the striatum. In a parkinsonian state characterized by pronounced beta oscillations, the mean reaction time and range of threshold variation (a measure of behavioral flexibility) are significantly reduced compared with the normal state. Our work thus reveals a specific circuit mechanism for impairments of perceptual decision making associated with Parkinson9s disease.
Abstract 373: An siRNA screen identifies CHD4 as a target for epigenetic therapy
Authors: Yasuyuki Okamoto, Jumpei Yamazaki, Takahiro Sato, Matteo Cesaroni, Woonbok Chung, Judith Garriga, Jaroslav Jelinek, Richard A Katz, Jean-Pierre Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background and aims: In the past decade, epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of tumor-specific gene expression have been elucidated partially, prompting the development of therapeutic approaches in cancer cells. In this study, we used an unbiased screen to investigate therapeutic targets which might be effective combination with DNMT inhibitors in reactivating hypermethylated genes. Methods: We screened an siRNA library targeting 188 gene predicted as epigenetic regulators using colon cancer cells that harbor a GFP locus stably integrated and silenced by a hypermethylated cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. GFP-positive cell percentages were measured using Guava EasyCyte Plus flow analyzer software. For genome wide gene expression analysis, affymetrix microarrays were performed. DNA methylation status was evaluated by pyrosequencing analysis and Digital Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Methylation (DREAM), based on next generation sequencing analysis. To access biological effect of the combination therapy, we evaluated cell growth using several cell lines. Results: We identified the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) as a target; CHD4 depletion in combination with DNMT inhibition synergistically reactivated expression of GFP and endogenously methylated genes. Synergy was most pronounced for genes with very low basal expression. DREAM analysis revealed that methylated genes with promoter CpG islands were enriched among reactivated genes compared to background genes (57% vs 27%, P&amp;lt;0.0001). DNA methylation levels of reactivating genes after combination therapy were identical with DNMT inhibitor monotherapy, suggesting that siCHD4 as a supplement to DNMT inhibition works by a parallel, synergistic mechanism. Combination treatment inhibited cell growth of colon cancer cell lines better than treatment with a single DNMT inhibitor with minimal effects on the cell growth of non-cancerous cell lines. Interestingly, depletion of CHD4 alone also inhibited cell growth of colon cancer cell line but not of non-cancerous cell lines. Conclusions: Combination treatment of siCHD4 and DNMT inhibitor strongly reactivated hypermethylated and silenced genes in cancer cell lines. CHD4 inhibition is a promising new approach to epigenetic targeted therapy. Citation Format: Yasuyuki Okamoto, Jumpei Yamazaki, Takahiro Sato, Matteo Cesaroni, Woonbok Chung, Judith Garriga, Jaroslav Jelinek, Richard A Katz, Jean-Pierre Issa. An siRNA screen identifies CHD4 as a target for epigenetic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-373
Negative Finding From Computed Tomography of the Abdomen After Blunt Trauma
Authors: Elizabeth R. Benjamin, Stefano Siboni, Tobias Haltmeier, Alexander Lofthus, Kenji Inaba, Demetrios Demetriades
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

The rate monotonically decreased with age, from 16.5% for men 20 to 39 years of age to 6.9% for men 50 to 59 years of age to 1.4% for men 70 years of age or older (P < .001).The factors associated with a higher likelihood of CPM included younger age (eg, 20-39 years vs ≥70 years, with an adjusted odds ratio of 15.3 [95% CI, 7.7-30.4]),white race (blacks vs whites, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4-0.9]),and private insurance (Medicaid vs private insurance, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.5 [95% CI, 0.2-1.0])(Table 2).Discussion | We report, for the first time to our knowledge, that the use of CPM for men who received a diagnosis of unilateral breast cancer has substantially increased over time in the United States, with the procedure more common in younger, white, and privately insured patients.The reasons for these changing patterns are unknown, although similar factors are also associated with the use of CPM for women with breast cancer.In addition, the use of CPM for women has been shown to be associated with the use of genetic testing and magnetic resonance imaging during diagnosis, 5 which have increased over the past decade.However, it is unknown whether the use of CPM for men is associated with genetic testing, family history, magnetic resonance imaging, or fear of contralateral breast cancer (contralateral breast cancers are more common in men than women), and we do not have these variables in our analytical database to examine their associations with use of CPM.Ironically, the increase in the rate of CPM, a costly procedure without a survival benefit, is unfolding in the face of a greater emphasis on value in cancer care. 6 Health care professionals should be aware that the trends in CPM are not limited to women alone, and clinicians should educate male patients about the existing evidence of the benefit, harm, and cost of CPM in order to help patients make informed decisions about their treatments.
Abstract 6238: Clarifying the Opportunities to Improve Survival After MI in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lance S Longmore, Kimberly J Reid, Mikhail Kosiborod, Frederick A Masoudi, Verna Welch, Alpesh A Amin, John A Spertus
Journal: Circulation (2008)

While diabetes is known to be associated with increased mortality after MI, whether these differences in outcome are due to patient characteristics, treatment, or other biological factors is unknown. We analyzed a contemporary cohort of MI survivors to comprehensively adjust for demographics, comorbidities, psychosocial, health status, clinical and treatment factors to determine if residual disparities in outcomes exist. We studied 2481 hospital survivors of MI in the prospective, 19-center PREMIER study (29% with diabetes). Multivariable models with sequential adjustment were employed to identify the extent to which variation in a wide range of patient characteristics (Figure ) accounted for differences in 3-year mortality in patients with and without diabetes. Unadjusted mortality was more than 2.5-fold greater for patients with diabetes (HR 2.55, 95% CI 2.08–3.14). Mortality was most attenuated by diabetes-related comorbidities (Figure ). The fully-adjusted model identified a significant, albeit attenuated, excess 3-year mortality among patients with diabetes (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22–1.99). Patients with diabetes experience a substantially increased risk for 3-year mortality after MI, even after accounting for a wide range of patient and treatment characteristics. This suggests that unmeasured, biologic variables associated with diabetes may mediate this difference. Further inquiry into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular disease is needed to identify new opportunities to improve the prognosis of patients with diabetes.
Lipoid proteinosis. A biochemical and ultrastructural investigation of two new cases
Authors: None Navarro, None Fachal, None Rodríguez, None Padró, None Domínguez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by cutaneous and visceral lesions, in which large amounts of amorphous material are constantly found in stroma. Morphological and biochemical studies indicate abnormal collagen production, but little attention has been paid to the lipid component of lesions. Microscopic and ultrastructural studies of skin, with special emphasis on fibroblasts, vessels, nerve endings and eccrine sweat glands, were conducted in two patients with lipoid proteinosis. Biochemical studies were undertaken in cultured fibroblasts. Evidence of lysosomal storage in epithelial cells of eccrine sweat glands and in dermal histiocytes, very similar to that found in some metabolic disorders, particularly Farber disease, was found in both cases. Our findings suggest that two alterations might coexist in lipoid proteinosis, one characterized by impaired normal collagen production and the other related to a metabolic defect which may lead to accumulation of ceramide or more complex lipids.
Current Techniques in Surgery. Open Repair of Inguinal Hernia (Adult), by Ed Michael Edwards Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. A Multi-media Step-by-step Approach to Surgical Procedures, by Ed Michael Edwards
Authors: G. L Carlson, S. M. Irving
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ed Michael Edwards SilverPlatter Education, £129.25 ISBN 1 57276 0214

Ed Michael Edwards, Silver Platter Education, £129.25 ISBN 1 57276 0346

The incorporation of text, video, and sound within a software package provides almost limitless educational opportunities. The recommended minimum hardware requirements for these two CD ROMs—of a 386 compatible PC, 8 Mb RAM, and at least 10 Mb hard disc space—should be within reach of everyone who has bought a computer within the past three years. A sound card and speakers are required to achieve the full multimedia experience. Unfortunately, although the equipment used for review easily exceeded the …