tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Conditions affecting the right side of the heart
Authors: R. A Harrigan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> The American College of Surgeons’ Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) provides trauma centres with performance reports on their processes and outcomes of care relative to their peers. This study explored how performance reports are used by trauma centre leaders to engage in performance improvement and perceived barriers to use. <h3>Study design</h3> Qualitative focus group study with trauma medical directors (TMDs) and trauma programme managers (TPMs) in US trauma centres. Consistent with qualitative descriptive analysis, data collection and interpretation were inductively and iteratively completed. Major themes were derived using a constant comparative technique. <h3>Results</h3> Six focus groups were conducted involving 22 TMDs and 22 TPMs. Three major themes were captured: (1) technical uses of performance reports; (2) cultural uses of performance reports; (3) opportunities to enhance the role and value of TQIP. First, technical uses included using reports to assess data collection procedures, data quality and areas of poor performance relative to peers. In this domain, barriers to report use included not trusting others’ data quality and challenges with report interpretation. Second, reports were used to influence practice change by fostering inter-specialty discussions, leveraging resources for quality improvement, community engagement and regional collaboratives. Perceived lack of specialist engagement was viewed as an impediment in this domain. Lastly, identified opportunities for TQIP to support report use involved clarifying the relationship between verification and performance reports, and increasing partnerships with nursing associations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Trauma centre improvement leaders indicated practical and social uses of performance reports that can affect intention and ability to change. Recommendations to optimise programme participation include a focus on data quality, adequate resource provision and enhanced support for regional collaboratives.
Mother Bank in a Children's Hospital
Authors: Henry H. Fineberg
Journal: JAMA (1960)

WE WISH to describe the use of continuous, mothering care for hospitalized children. This need has been recognized theoretically as well as clinically by all people concerned with the health and welfare of children. The mother knows her child needs her. The pediatrician has long prescribed tender loving care. The frustration of the overworked pediatric nurse who can only give minimal routine attention to her small charges is apparent to those who work in the pediatric wards. All this is known, yet supplying the need has posed a difficult problem. Additional nursing service is not only costly, but not available. Volunteer programs have not been successful because of the difficulty in obtaining volunteers who will give more than one day at a time. The use of the volunteer in the role of a mother surrogate for a needy infant has not been employed, to our knowledge. The stimulus for embarking
Identification of New MicroRNAs in Paired Normal and Tumor Breast Tissue Suggests a Dual Role for the <i>ERBB2/Her2</i> Gene
Authors: Helena Persson, Anders Kvist, Natalia Rego, Johan Staaf, Johan Vallon-Christersson, Lena Luts, Niklas Loman, Goran Jonsson, Hugo Naya, Mattias Hoglund, Ake Borg, Carlos Rovira
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

To comprehensively characterize microRNA (miRNA) expression in breast cancer, we performed the first extensive next-generation sequencing expression analysis of this disease. We sequenced small RNA from tumors with paired samples of normal and tumor-adjacent breast tissue. Our results indicate that tumor identity is achieved mainly by variation in the expression levels of a common set of miRNAs rather than by tissue-specific expression. We also report 361 new, well-supported miRNA precursors. Nearly two-thirds of these new genes were detected in other human tissues and 49% of the miRNAs were found associated with Ago2 in MCF7 cells. Ten percent of the new miRNAs are located in regions with high-level genomic amplifications in breast cancer. A new miRNA is encoded within the ERBB2/Her2 gene and amplification of this gene leads to overexpression of the new miRNA, indicating that this potent oncogene and important clinical marker may have two different biological functions. In summary, our work substantially expands the number of known miRNAs and highlights the complexity of small RNA expression in breast cancer.
Dr Samuel Johnson's movement disorder.
Authors: T J Murray
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Dr Samuel Johnson was noted by his friends to have almost constant tics and gesticulations, which startled those who met him for the first time. He also made noises and whistling sounds; he made repeated sounds and words and irregular or blowing respiratory noises. Further, he often carried out pronounced compulsive acts, such as touching posts, measuring his footsteps on leaving a room, and performing peculiar complex gestures and steps before crossing a threshold. His symptoms of (a) involuntary muscle jerking movements and complex motor acts, (b) involuntary vocalisation, and (c) compulsive actions constitute the symptom complex of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (Tourette9s syndrome), from which Johnson suffered most of his life. This syndrome is of increasing interest recently because it responds to haloperidol, and because there are new insights into a possible biochemical basis for the tics, vocalisations, and compulsions.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system in myocardial ischaemia and preconditioning
Authors: S. R. Powell, A. Divald
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents the major pathway for degradation of intracellular proteins. This article reviews the major components and configurations of the UPS including the 26S proteasome and 11S activated proteasome relevant to myocardial ischaemia. We then present the evidence that the UPS is dysfunctional during myocardial ischaemia as well as potential consequences of this, including dysregulation of target substrates, many of them active signalling proteins, and accumulation of oxidized proteins. As part of this discussion, potential mechanisms, including ATP depletion, inhibition by insoluble protein aggregates, and oxidation of proteasome and regulatory particle subunits, are discussed. Finally, the evidence suggesting a role for the UPS in ischaemic preconditioning is presented. Much of this is inferential but clearly indicates the need for additional research.
Hyperinsulinemia produces both sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in normal humans.
Authors: E A Anderson, R P Hoffman, T W Balon, C A Sinkey, A L Mark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Hyperinsulinemia may contribute to hypertension by increasing sympathetic activity and vascular resistance. We sought to determine if insulin increases central sympathetic neural outflow and vascular resistance in humans. We recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography, peroneal nerve), forearm blood flow (plethysmography), heart rate, and blood pressure in 14 normotensive males during 1-h infusions of low (38 mU/m2/min) and high (76 mU/m2/min) doses of insulin while holding blood glucose constant. Plasma insulin rose from 8 +/- 1 microU/ml during control, to 72 +/- 8 and 144 +/- 13 microU/ml during the low and high insulin doses, respectively, and fell to 15 +/- 6 microU/ml 1 h after insulin infusion was stopped. MSNA, which averaged 21.5 +/- 1.5 bursts/min in control, increased significantly (P less than 0.001) during both the low and high doses of insulin (+/- 5.4 and +/- 9.3 bursts/min, respectively) and further increased during 1-h recovery (+15.2 bursts/min). Plasma norepinephrine levels (119 +/- 19 pg/ml during control) rose during both low (258 +/- 25; P less than 0.02) and high (285 +/- 95; P less than 0.01) doses of insulin and recovery (316 +/- 23; P less than 0.01). Plasma epinephrine levels did not change during insulin infusion. Despite the increased MSNA and plasma norepinephrine, there were significant (P less than 0.001) increases in forearm blood flow and decreases in forearm vascular resistance during both doses of insulin. Systolic pressure did not change significantly during infusion of insulin and diastolic pressure fell approximately 4-5 mmHg (P less than 0.01). This study suggests that acute increases in plasma insulin within the physiological range elevate sympathetic neural outflow but produce forearm vasodilation and do not elevate arterial pressure in normal humans.
School and Work Release Evaluations
Authors: Morris R. Horning
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am happy to see the issue of school and work releases brought to the attention of primary care physicians and, indeed, to all physicians. I applaud the insight and suggestions of Drs Holleman and Holleman.<sup>1</sup> However, as a physician involved in industrial medicine, I am acutely aware that many cases of casual absenteeism will become a way of life and that physicians can play an important role in preventing the lost lives that occur through this course. Although it is true that the problems and solutions for such patients might be based elsewhere in society rather than in medicine, a physician with insight often can play a role in clarifying the problems and achieving a solution if necessary—by referral to an appropriate resource. The following guidelines, which overlap those of Drs Holleman and Holleman, might be helpful for physicians who deal with the recurrent or
Malnutrition reduces the unsaturation of plasma lipids in liver cirrhosis (LC)
Authors: E. Cabré, M.C. Núñez, F. Glez-Huix, F. Fdez-Bañares, A. Abad-L, A. Gil, M. Esteve-C, R. Planas, J. Moreno, J.C. Quer, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
The role of Lamin A/C mutations in Danish patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Daniel Vega Møller, Tam Thanh Pham, Finn Gustafsson, Paula Hedley, Mads Kristian Ersbøll, Henning Bundgaard, Claus B. Andersen, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Lars Køber, Michael Christiansen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Spoof research paper is accepted by 157 journals
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A spoof medical paper full of easily detectable flaws was submitted in a sting operation to 304 open access journals and accepted by more than half of them.

The results, reported in Science 1 by journalist John Bohannon, reveal “an emerging Wild West in academic publishing,” he says, with mushrooming numbers of new journals profiting from the open access model, in which authors rather than readers pay the cost of publication.

Bohannon invented the names of authors and affiliations—such as Ocorrafoo Cobange of Wassee Institute of Medicine—and submitted in their names variations of the same basic paper claiming to have found anticancer properties in a molecule extracted from a …
Acetaminophen and the Liver
Authors: Athol J. Ware, Katherine S. Upchurch, Edwin H. Eigenbrodt, Daniel A. Norman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Acetaminophen and the LiverATHOL J. WARE, M.B., B.S., F.R.A.C.P., KATHERINE S. UPCHURCH, M.D., EDWIN H. EIGENBRODT, M.D., DANIEL A. NORMAN, M.D.ATHOL J. WARE, M.B., B.S., F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, KATHERINE S. UPCHURCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWIN H. EIGENBRODT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DANIEL A. NORMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-267 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are stimulated by the paper by Barker, de Carle, and Anuras ("Chronic Excessive Acetaminophen Use and Liver Damage," Ann Intern Med 87:299-301, 1977) to report the case of a patient who sustained severe liver damage from acetaminophen, not from an overdose with suicidal intent but from inappropriately heavy therapeutic use.A 30-year-old white man was admitted to Parkland Memorial Hospital in September 1977 with confusion, disorientation, jaundice, and fever. His acute illness had begun 8 weeks previously with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, and malaise associated with severe headaches but no overt jaundice. After 3 to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Southwestern Medical School and Veterans Administration Hospital Dallas, TX 75235 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChronic acetaminophen toxicity: a case report and review of the literatureHepatotoxicity Associated with Chronic Acetaminophen Administration in Patients without Risk FactorsPrediction of organ system toxicity with antirheumatic drug therapy8 Acute and chronic drug-induced hepatitisSubacute acetaminophen overdose after incremental dosingAcetaminophen Chronic ToxicityProtection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity by acetylsalicylic acid in ratsHepatotoxicity following the therapeutic use of antipyretic analgesicsSevere hepatic damage after acetaminophen use in psittacosisHepatotoxicity of mild analgesics.Acetaminophen hepatotoxicityDrug-Induced Chronic Hepatic DiseaseAntipyretic analgesicsDrug Information Analysis Service 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2Page: 267-268KeywordsFeversLiverNauseaUrineVomiting Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Idiopathic Left Bundle-Branch Block–Shaped Ventricular Tachycardia May Originate Above the Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Carl Timmermans, Luz-Maria Rodriguez, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Antoon F.M. Moorman, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Idiopathic left bundle-branch block (LBBB)–like ventricular tachycardia (VT) is considered to originate in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or from the aortic root. Both regions are derived from the embryonic outflow tract. We now report that also the pulmonary trunk can give rise to VT, suggesting a common etiology of these tachycardias. Methods and Results— We studied 6 patients with symptomatic idiopathic LBBB-VT using electrophysiological mapping techniques. The VT origin was determined by analyzing the electrograms and the angiographic location of the catheter tip at the successful ablation site or the earliest activation site. Eight VTs were induced. Two VTs, with a mean earliest endocardial activation time of −5 and −20 ms and optimal pace mapping, were successfully ablated in the RVOT. In the remaining 6 VTs, the earliest activation site was found in the pulmonary artery, and, at this site, a sharp potential was present −38±12 ms before the QRS in 5 VTs. The mean earliest endocardial activation time in the RVOT was −1±2 ms. Ablation was attempted in 5 of 6 VTs and resulted in an acutely successful procedure. After a mean follow-up of 10±4 months, 1 of 5 patients had a recurrence. Conclusions— The site of origin of idiopathic LBBB-VT can be in the root of the pulmonary artery, suggesting a myocardial connection from this site to the RVOT. If no good criteria for ablation in the RVOT are found, detailed mapping of the pulmonary artery should be performed.
Decay-accelerating factor protects human tumor cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.
Authors: N K Cheung, E I Walter, W H Smith-Mensah, W D Ratnoff, M L Tykocinski, M E Medof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The disialoganglioside GD2 is expressed on a wide spectrum of human tumor types, including neuroblastomas and melanomas. Upon binding of 3F8, a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for GD2, neuroblastomas and some melanomas are sensitive to killing by human complement, whereas some melanomas are not. To investigate the mechanism underlying these differences in complement mediated cytotoxicity, complement-insensitive melanoma cell lines were compared with respect to expression of the decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a membrane regulatory protein that protects blood cells from autologous complement attack. While DAF was undetectable among neuroblastomas, it was present in complement-insensitive melanomas. When the function of DAF was blocked by anti-DAF MAb, C3 uptake and complement-mediated lysis of the insensitive melanoma lines were markedly enhanced. F(ab')2 fragments were as effective in enhancing lysis as intact anti-DAF MAb. The DAF-negative and DAF-positive melanoma cell lines were comparably resistant to passive lysis by cobra venom factor-treated serum. The data suggest that in some tumors, DAF activity accounts for their resistance to complement-mediated killing. The ability to render these cells complement-sensitive by blocking DAF function may have implications for immunotherapy.
A Case of Double Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: W. Alderson, F. K. Downsborough, A. Naylor
Journal: BMJ (1962)

A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital for darkened skin, general fatigue and weight loss. His adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels indicated a primary adrenal insufficiency. <sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT showed bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands, with <sup>18</sup>fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were positive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. The patient was diagnosed with tuberculous Addison’s disease and treated with antituberculosis agents, including rifampicin. The patient’s fatigue worsened gradually after initiation of rifampicin, and the dosage of hydrocortisone was increased. Serum cortisol level monitoring at 2 hours after administration of hydrocortisone was shown to be clinically useful for determining the optimal dose, especially with concurrent use of rifampicin.
Normal Growth and Cancer
Authors: Nancy E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The application of newer techniques to the study of growth and neoplasia, and the rapid expansion of the literature in these areas, make it difficult for those not engaged actively in the work to keep abreast of the new developments. Here is an informative yet concise and up-to-date book which, though addressed primarily to thoughtful practicing physicians and premedical students, discusses basic aspects of growth and neoplasia in terms which may be understood by any serious student. Naturally, in a volume of this size it is not possible to relate much more than the most basic concepts, often greatly simplified, but the short bibliography appended to each chapter lists the pertinent papers and monographs for study in greater depth. The authors regard their book as a history of progress in cancer research, and the first chapter is an account of the concepts of neoplasia before the invention of the microscope.
Immunoediting Sculpts Tumor Epitopes during Immunotherapy
Authors: Reshma Singh, Yvonne Paterson
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Immunoediting of tumor-associated antigens occurs in response to immune pressure. We show that the mutation of residues within epitopes of HER-2/neu leads to the outgrowth of autochthonous tumors after immunizing HER-2/neu transgenic mice with Listeria monocytogenes therapeutic vaccines expressing fragments of HER-2/neu. Three of these vaccines target the extracellular domain (LmLLO-EC1, LmLLO-EC2, and LmLLO-EC3), and two of these vaccines target the intracellular domain (Lm-LLO-IC1 and Lm-LLO-IC2). Mutations occurred in the regions of the HER-2/neu molecule targeted by the Listeria strain expressing that region, which suggests that the rate of generation of escape mutants was a significant factor in the efficacy of each vaccine. A longer delay in the onset of tumors after immunotherapy occurred with the vaccine that targeted the kinase domain. We verified that the mutations in this domain occurred within novel CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and that the mutation of these residues abrogated CTL responses to these epitopes. The long delay in the onset of tumors after immunotherapy targeting the kinase domain may be because this region of HER-2/neu cannot undergo extensive mutations without impairing its ability to signal cell growth. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1887–92]
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pharynx in OSA patients and healthy subjects
Authors: M.A. Ciscar, G. Juan, V. Martínez, M. Ramón, T. Lloret, J. Mínguez, M. Armengot, J. Marín, J. Basterra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) occurs because of recurrent narrowing and occlusion of the velopharynx (VP) during sleep. The specific cause of OSA is unknown. Cephalometric radiography, fibreoptic nasopharyngoscopy, acoustic reflection techniques, and computerized tomography have limitations (dynamic and tridimensional evaluation) in the mechanism of occlusion investigation. Static and dynamic examination of the soft tissue structures surrounding the upper airway during the respiratory cycle in wakefulness and sleep, can lead to a better understanding of the process. Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (one image per 0.8 s) was used to study the upper airway and surrounding soft tissue in 17 patients with OSA during wakefulness and sleep, and in eight healthy subjects whilst awake. The major findings of this investigation in the 25 subjects were as follows: 1) the VP was smaller in apnoeic patients, only during part of the respiratory cycle; 2) the variation in VP area during the respiratory cycle was greater in apnoeic patients than in controls, particularly during sleep, suggesting an increased compliance of the VP in these patients; 3) VP narrowing was similar in the lateral and anterior-posterior dimensions, both in controls and apnoeic patients while awake; apnoeic patients during sleep have a more circular VP upon reaching the minimum area; 4) there was an inverse relationship between dimensions of the lateral pharyngeal walls and airway area, probably indicating that lateral walls are passively compressed or stretched as a result of changes in the airway calibre; and 5) soft palate and parapharyngeal fatpads were larger in apnoeic patients, although their role in the genesis of OSA is uncertain. It was concluded that changes in the velopharynx area and diameter during the respiratory cycle are greater in apnoeic patients than in normal subjects, particularly during sleep. This suggests that apnoeic patients have a more collapsible velopharynx, this being the main mechanism of obstruction.
Recurrence of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma in Transplanted Lungs
Authors: Robert I. Garver, George L. Zorn, Xing Wu, David C. McGiffin, K. Randall Young, Nanette B. Pinkard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a distinctive subtype of typical adenocarcinoma of the lung that tends to metastasize widely throughout the lungs but less commonly elsewhere. Because conventional therapies for intrapulmonary metastatic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma are generally ineffective, we treated seven patients who had intrapulmonary metastatic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with lung transplantation.Seven patients with biopsy-proved bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and no evidence of extrapulmonary disease received transplants of either one or two cadaveric lungs. At transplantation, all native lung tissue was removed and replaced with a donor lung or lungs. The patients received the usual post-transplantation care given at the institution.Four of the seven patients had recurrent bronchioloalveolar carcinoma within the donor lungs; the recurrences appeared from 10 to 48 months after transplantation. All recurrences were limited to the donor lungs. Histologic and molecular analyses showed that the recurrent tumors in three patients originated from the recipients of the transplants.Lung transplantation for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is technically feasible, but recurrence of the original tumor within the donor lungs up to four years after transplantation was common.