tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TECHNIQUE OF RESECTIONS OF THE SKULL.
Authors: ALLEN DeVILBISS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Surgical work should not be undertaken until the nature and location of the disease is first determined. In a limited number of cases it may be advisable to remove portions of the cranial bone or bones for explorative purposes. Localization of cerebral functions has made it possible in certain cases to make an accurate diagnosis. There are large portions of the cortex, that the functions of are not understood, but the sensor motor area, the visual area, the speech area, the auditory area, and the areas of sensations of smell and taste are known, and these facts in connection with the various symptoms will generally guide to a correct idea of the nature and situation of the lesion. Trephining may be performed for the removal of foreign substances, spicula of bone, depressed bone, blood clot, the opening of an abscess, the removal of cysts, excision of tumors, for the relief
Multiple Myeloma and Related Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Authors: Elliott F. Osserman, Giampaolo Merlini, Vincent P. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE PLASMA cell dyscrasias (PCDs), of which multiple myeloma is the most common and also the prototype disease, represent a group of conditions that have as their common feature an abnormal and frequently, but not invariably, neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells.<sup>1-3</sup>The term<i>plasma cell</i>is used to describe all cells capable of synthesizing and releasing all classes of immunoglobulins and their subunits, recognizing that this functional definition includes cells with some morphological diversity, variously referred to as "lymphocytoid plasma cells" and "plasmacytoid lymphocytes." As schematically shown in Fig 12-1, the unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation (ie, dyscrasia) of one or a limited number of clones of plasma cells or their B-cell precursors is characteristically associated with the elaboration of excessive quantities of a homogeneous molecular population of one of these proteins, ie, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, or IgE, their constituent heavy or light polypeptide components, or both (Fig 12-2).
ON THE AUTONOMY OF THE HEART.
Authors: GUIDO BELL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In the last number of the<i>American Journal of Medical Sciences</i>, Prof. I. M. Da Costa has published eight cases of weak heart, where the causation of neurasthenia and organic disorder, as valvular lesion or fatty degeneration had to be excluded. He is inclined to attribute this weakness to the influence of the heart ganglia. Notwithstanding, Romberg in compiling the recent experimental researches on the heart, has proven that the animal heart is active by itself and is regulated only by the sympathetic and pneumogastric nerves. The heart's action never could be fully explained, neither in normal nor abnormal condition by its innervation. There was a supposition that Remak's ganglia promoted the activity of the heart; but embryologie researches revealed the fact that the heart is active before it is reached by these nerve centers, and, furthermore, that these centers spread out only sensory nerve filaments. Then nerve-cells in the
Evaluation of <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutation As a Predictor of Benefit From Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Enric Domingo, David N. Church, Oliver Sieber, Rajarajan Ramamoorthy, Yoko Yanagisawa, Elaine Johnstone, Brian Davidson, David J. Kerr, Ian P.M. Tomlinson, Rachel Midgley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) and are associated with reduced disease recurrence and improved outcome after primary treatment. However, toxicities of NSAIDs have limited their use as antineoplastic therapy. Recent data have suggested that the benefit of aspirin after CRC diagnosis is limited to patients with PIK3CA-mutant cancers. We sought to determine the predictive utility of PIK3CA mutation for benefit from both cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and aspirin.
TORSION OF THE SPERMATIC CORD
Authors: Clyde L. Deming
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Prompt recognition and surgical treatment of torsion of the testis can save an organ that otherwise usually becomes the site of hemorrhagic necrosis and eventual atrophy. The condition, though not common, is serious for this reason and should be regarded as a surgical emergency. Twenty cases occurred among 153,000 general hospital admissions at New Haven Hospital from 1938 to 1952. We have reviewed these cases in an attempt to characterize the disease as it has been seen here and to compare our observations with those made by others since Delasiauve's1original description in 1840. Of the 20 patients included in our study, 9 were seen early enough to permit operative reduction and preservation of the testis. In four cases, hemorrhagic necrosis was present by the time of operation, and orchidectomy was required. Spontaneous reduction of torsion occurred in five patients. Two patients seen late in the disease showed gradual
Targeted deletion of BMK1/ERK5 in adult mice perturbs vascular integrity and leads to endothelial failure
Authors: Masaaki Hayashi, Sung-Woo Kim, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida, Toshimichi Yoshida, E. Dale Abel, Brian Eliceiri, Young Yang, Richard J. Ulevitch, Jiing-Dwan Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1), also known as ERK5, is a member of the MAPK family. Genetic ablation of BMK1 in mice leads to embryonic lethality, precluding the exploration of pathophysiological roles of BMK1 in adult mice. We generated a BMK1 conditional mutation in mice in which disruption of the BMK1 gene is under the control of the inducible Mx1-Cre transgene. Ablation of BMK1 in adult mice led to lethality within 2–4 weeks after the induction of Cre recombinase. Physiological analysis showed that the blood vessels became abnormally leaky after deletion of the BMK1 gene. Histological analysis revealed that, after BMK1 ablation, hemorrhages occurred in multiple organs in which endothelial cells lining the blood vessels became round, irregularly aligned, and, eventually, apoptotic. In vitro removal of BMK1 protein also led to the death of endothelial cells partially due to the deregulation of transcriptional factor MEF2C, which is a direct substrate of BMK1. Additionally, endothelial-specific BMK1-KO leads to cardiovascular defects identical to that of global BMK1-KO mutants, whereas, surprisingly, mice lacking BMK1 in cardiomyocytes developed to term without any apparent defects. Taken together, the data provide direct genetic evidence that the BMK1 pathway is critical for endothelial function and for maintaining blood vessel integrity.
Next-Day Surgical Complications After Nighttime Procedures
Authors: Lijun Hou, Xi Han, Yan Dong
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ultrasound monitoring of hepatic metastases during chemotherapy.
Authors: E D Gilby, K J Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Grey-scale ultrasonography has been found to be the most sensitive method of detecting metastatic disease of the liver. In two cases the results of chemotherapy were monitored by ultrasound; the response to treatment could be distinguished from non-response and ultrasonography gave useful information when chemotherapy made radioisotope examination unreliable.
Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Jayna M. Holroyd-Leduc, Sharon E. Straus
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextUrinary incontinence is a common health problem among women that negatively impacts quality of life. Therefore, it is important that primary care physicians have an understanding of how to manage urinary incontinence effectively.ObjectiveTo review the most recent, high-quality evidence regarding the etiology and management of urinary incontinence in women.Data Sources and Study SelectionSearches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and the ACP Journal Club were performed to identify English-language articles published between 1998-2003 that focused on the etiology or treatment of urinary incontinence in adult women. The references of each retrieved article were reviewed and an expert in the field was contacted to identify additional relevant articles.Data ExtractionUsing a combination of more than 80 search terms, we included articles of etiology that were cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, or systematic reviews of cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional studies. Studies of treatment had to be randomized controlled trials or systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. The quality of each article was assessed independently by each author and inclusion (n = 66) was determined by consensus.Data SynthesisMultiple factors have been found to be associated with urinary incontinence, some of which are amenable to modification. Factors associated with incontinence include age, white race, higher educational attainment, pregnancy-related factors, gynecological factors, urological and gastrointestinal tract factors, comorbid diseases, higher body mass index, medications, smoking, caffeine, and functional impairment. There are several effective nonpharmacological treatments including pelvic floor muscle training, electrical stimulation, bladder training, and prompted voiding. Anticholinergic drugs are effective in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence. Several surgical interventions are effective in the management of stress incontinence, including open retropubic colposuspension and suburethral sling procedure.ConclusionUrinary incontinence in women is an important public health concern, and effective treatment options exist.
Reviews and Notes: Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 June 1996Reviews and Notes: Oxford Textbook of MedicineEdward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusEdward J. Huth, MD, Editor EmeritusUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 3rd edition. 3 volumes. DJ Weatherall, JGG Ledingham, and DA Warrell; eds. 4376 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1996. $299.00. ISBN 0192621408. Order phone 800-451-7556.Who has the gall to try to review critically a 10-kg, three-volume textbook with 4000+ pages? If you are eager to know, look quickly below.With these dimensions, is this book a dinosaur that has survived out of historical times? Or is it simply a leviathan, a creature clearly living but so huge that it necessarily lags behind smaller and more nimble sources of information? The editors knew that these questions would be likely ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11Page: 1018KeywordsClinical trialsComputersTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
[<sup>3</sup>H]cAMP Binding Sites and Protein Kinase A Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Victims
Authors: Yogesh Dwivedi, Robert R. Conley, Rosalinda C. Roberts, Carol A. Tamminga, Ghanshyam N. Pandey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The cAMP-dependent enzyme protein kinase A phosphorylates intracellular proteins upon activation and thereby plays a major role in mediating various physiological functions in the brain. To examine the role of this enzyme in suicidal behavior, the authors examined the catalytic and regulatory activities of protein kinase A in the postmortem brain of suicide victims. METHOD: Brain tissues were collected from 17 suicide victims and 17 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects. Regulatory activity was determined by examining [3H]cAMP binding to protein kinase A, while catalytic activity was determined by enzymatic assay in the presence (total activity) and the absence (endogenous activity) of cAMP in the membrane and cytosol fractions of the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: The number (Bmax) of [3H]cAMP binding sites to protein kinase A was significantly lower in the suicide victims without any changes in affinity in either the membrane or cytosol fractions of the prefrontal cortex. Further, significantly less protein kinase A activity, both in the presence and the absence of cAMP, was seen in the membrane and cytosol fractions of the prefrontal cortex of suicide victims; however, the difference in total protein kinase A activity was much more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cAMP binding to the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A, as well as the phosphotransfer catalytic activity of protein kinase A, are lower in the prefrontal cortex of suicide victims than in nonpsychiatric comparison subjects, which may be of clinical relevance in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior.
Bone and Tl-201 Scintigraphy in a Case of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
Authors: Atsushi Tani, Shinsaku Tsuchimochi, Yoshiaki Nakabeppu, Masayuki Nakajo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 17-year-old girl with hereditary multiple exostoses, who was thought to have malignant transformation of an exostotic lesion, was examined by bone and Tl-201 chloride scintigraphy. Scintigraphy showed markedly intense uptake by the lesion, whereas Tl-201 imaging did not. Bone scintigraphy revealed intense to moderate uptake in other exostotic lesions, but none was apparent on the Tl-201 study. The lesion was resected and the histopathologic diagnosis was osteochondroma. Negative findings of Tl-201 scintigraphy may not exclude the possibility of chondrosarcoma, and the utility of this method may be limited. However, Tl-201 scintigraphy appears to have a useful role in differentiating malignant transformation from benign osteochondroma in hereditary multiple exostoses.
Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy and endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: D. F Archer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers (p 239) 

The use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, consisting of an oestrogen and a progestogen taken daily by postmenopausal women, is increasing. Its possible benefits are the prevention of endometrial hyperplasia and reduction in the occurrence of endometrial bleeding with time. Daily exposure to oestrogen and progestin without a break may be more important than using oestrogen intermittently in prevention of disease. A major concern is the occurrence of endometrial cancer in women using cyclic or sequential hormone replacement with the progestin being given for either less than 10 days each month, 10-16 days each month, or every three months for 14 days. 1 2 The case-control studies indicate a significant increased risk in endometrial cancer with a reduction in the number of days of exposure to progestin. The use of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy not only does not increase the incidence of endometrial cancer but could even be protective compared with non-use of hormone replacement.3

Most clinical trials of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy have been for one year in order to obtain …
Buprenorphine During Pregnancy
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Lecture on Cholera and Diarrh a
Authors: T. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1868)

Being engaged in revising, for a new edition, my Lea/ares on the P-rac- tice of Physic, I find it neces-;ary to modify considerably some advice that I formerly gave my auditors as to thle [reatment of a disorcder whliich appears to be again increasingly prcvalent tlhrouglhout the country.
Incremental value of intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography in the prediction of contractile recovery and left ventricular remodeling early after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Giovanna Mengozzi, Roberta Rossini, Caterina Palagi, Giuseppe Musumeci, Luigia Garritano, Maria Molfesa, Anna S. Petronio, Duccio Volterrani, Vitantonio Di Bello, Mario Mariani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Protein Nutrition and Liver Disease after Jejunoileal Bypass for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Richard T. Moxley, Thomas Pozefsky, Dean H. Lockwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A role for protein malnutrition in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction after jejunoileal bypass was sought in 18 patients undergoing bypass surgery for obesity. Four months after operation, when weight loss was rapid, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase was elevated in 12 patients, and most had marked hepatic steatosis. Of the essential amino acids plasma valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine and lysine declined, as did the nonessential amino acids, alanine, citrulline, cystine, tyrosine, ornithine and arginine. Glycine and serine were elevated. This profile is typical of protein-calorie malnutrition. Twelve to 36 months after operation weight stabilized, transaminase was normal, and hepatic fat diminished. Concentrations of many amino acids returned toward normal though moderate depression of valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tyrosine, ornithine and arginine persisted. Glycine remained elevated. Oral amino acid tolerance tests suggested that improved absorption accounted for the improved amino acid profiles. Thus, protein malnutrition contributes to hepatic dysfunction. Postoperative amino acid supplementation may be beneficial. (N Engl J Med 290:921–926, 1974)
Angiotensin II Is Mitogenic for Human Lung Fibroblasts via Activation of the Type 1 Receptor
Authors: RICHARD P. MARSHALL, ROBIN J. McANULTY, GEOFFREY J. LAURENT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The expression of renin-angiotensin system components and the elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in a number of fibrotic lung diseases suggests angiotensin II (AII) could play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the effect of AII on lung fibroblasts has not previously been assessed and the mechanisms by which AII induces cell proliferation in mesenchymal cells are not fully understood. We have examined the ability of AII to stimulate fetal and adult human lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro. In particular, we have assessed the receptor subtypes involved and the possible autocrine role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), two recognized fibroblast mitogens. Angiotensin type 1 (AT1), but not type 2, receptors were identified on fetal and adult human lung fibroblasts by immunocytochemistry. AII (1 microM) increased DNA synthesis (determined by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation) in fetal and adult cells by 211 +/- 18% and 150 +/- 14%, respectively (p < 0.01), and was inhibited by a specific AT1 receptor antagonist, Losartan (74 +/- 14%). A proliferative response to AII was confirmed by direct cell counts. Subsequently, fibroblasts were incubated with neutralizing antibodies to TGF-beta and PDGF. Anti-TGF-beta antibodies inhibited AII-induced DNA synthesis by 73 +/- 13%. However, no effect was seen with anti-PDGF antibodies. In conclusion, we have shown that angiotensin II induces human lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro via activation of the AT1 receptor and involves the autocrine action of TGF-beta.
Removing Career Obstacles for Young Physician-Scientists — Loan-Repayment Programs
Authors: Timothy J Ley, Leon E Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The pool of physician-scientists is dwindling, as it has been for more than two decades.1,2 There are many reasons for this problem,317 but the most important one involves the initial decision whether to pursue a career in research.16,17 When considering a career as a physician-scientist, students must weigh their interest in research against three factors: accumulated debt, a long period of training, and the uncertainty of success. These factors deter many persons from pursuing careers in research. In 1983, the total number of physicians in the United States was 479,439, and the number of physician-scientists was 18,535 . . .