tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal Inversions, Natural Selection and Adaptation in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus
Authors: D. Ayala, M. C. Fontaine, A. Cohuet, D. Fontenille, R. Vitalis, F. Simard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Chromosomal polymorphisms, such as inversions, are presumably involved in the rapid adaptation of populations to local environmental conditions. Reduced recombination between alternative arrangements in heterozygotes may protect sets of locally adapted genes, promoting ecological divergence and potentially leading to reproductive isolation and speciation. Through a comparative analysis of chromosomal inversions and microsatellite marker polymorphisms, we hereby present biological evidence that strengthens this view in the mosquito Anopheles funestus s.s, one of the most important and widespread malaria vectors in Africa. Specimens were collected across a wide range of geographical, ecological, and climatic conditions in Cameroon. We observed a sharp contrast between population structure measured at neutral microsatellite markers and at chromosomal inversions. Microsatellite data detected only a weak signal for population structuring among geographical zones (FST < 0.013, P < 0.01). By contrast, strong differentiation among ecological zones was revealed by chromosomal inversions (FST > 0.190, P < 0.01). Using standardized estimates of FST, we show that inversions behave at odds with neutral expectations strongly suggesting a role of environmental selection in shaping their distribution. We further demonstrate through canonical correspondence analysis that heterogeneity in eco-geographical variables measured at specimen sampling sites explained 89% of chromosomal variance in A. funestus. These results are in agreement with a role of chromosomal inversions in ecotypic adaptation in this species. We argue that this widespread mosquito represents an interesting model system for the study of chromosomal speciation mechanisms and should provide ample opportunity for comparative studies on the evolution of reproductive isolation and speciation in major human malaria vectors.
HEMATURIA OF BLADDER ORIGIN
Authors: B. A. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Is it not remarkable and likewise an indictment of our profession that hematuria—the sign of grave disorder from time immemorial—in spite of the advent of cystoscopy, ureteral catheterization and the other refinements of urologic diagnosis, continues to be regarded too lightly by practitioners in general and, therefore, by their trusting, hopeful, faithful and easily beguiled patients? By what pretext of intelligence, medical education or common sense can any physician, presumably knowing the fundamentals of disease and pathology, conscientiously prescribe some urinary antiseptic and then calmly await the<i>vis medicatrix naturae</i>to stop the hemorrhage? General practitioners of medicine are largely to blame for the unfortunate, inoperable and incurable state presented by many patients by the time they consult the urologist. Too often, natural processes result in the temporary cessation of hematuria. The physician allows the patient to pat him on the back, and records the case as one of "essential
‘Cross Talk’ Between Opioid Peptide and Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Salvatore Pepe, Rui-Ping Xiao, Charlene Hohl, Ruth Altschuld, Edward G. Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Cardiac myocyte sarcolemma contains both catecholamine and opioid peptide receptors (OPRs). Opioid peptides are coreleased with catecholamines from nerve terminals in the heart. We investigated whether OPR stimulation influences the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation in the isolated, isovolumic rat heart and whether the mechanism of such an interaction involves both beta-AR subtypes or an alteration in beta-AR-mediated increase in cAMP.Norepinephrine (NE, 10(-7) mol/L) increased peak left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and cAMP more than twofold compared with controls. The delta-OPR agonist leucine-enkephalin (LE, 10(-8) mol/L) markedly inhibited the beta1-AR-induced positive inotropic effect and increase in cAMP but alone had no effect on basal LVSP or basal cAMP levels. The OPR antagonist naloxone 10(-8) mol/L added to LE+NE perfusate reversed the LE-induced decrease in cAMP and LVSP even though naloxone alone had no effect on LVSP and cAMP levels. LE could not counteract the twofold increase in LVSP produced by the nondegradable cAMP analog CPT-cAMP 2.3x10(-5) mol/L or a high concentration of forskolin (10(-7) mol/L) but did reverse the 173+/-11.8% and 135+/-13.6% increases in LVSP stimulated by 10(-8) and 0.5x10(-8) mol/L forskolin, respectively. LE inhibited cAMP production at all concentrations of forskolin (10(-7), 10(-8), and 0.5x10(-8) mol/L). Pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment abolished LE effects on beta1-AR stimulation. Zinterol 10(-5) and 10(-6) mol/L, a specific beta2-AR agonist that elicits a cAMP-independent inotropic effect in rat heart, caused 225+/-14% and 182+/-5% increases in LVSP that could not be reversed by addition of LE.Potent, inhibitory "cross talk" between delta-OPR and beta1-AR signaling pathways occurs via a PTX-sensitive G(i/o) protein involved in adenylyl cyclase inhibition in rat heart.
Prospects for intervention in gastric carcinogenesis: reversibility of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia
Authors: M F DIXON
Journal: Gut (2001)

For more than a quarter of a century it has been widely accepted that the majority of gastric cancers arise through a multistep process starting with chronic gastritis and progressing through atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.1 Corpus atrophy results in hypochlorhydria, which favours carcinogen formation, while atrophic gastritis and metaplasia are hyperproliferative states that favour mutagenesis. Thus atrophy and metaplasia are generally held to be premalignant conditions although the strength of the association is disputed. More recently, it has been established that infection with Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis and, in keeping with this, infection has been directly implicated in the development of atrophy and IM.2-4 This poses the question “Can eradication of H pylori reverse these premalignant conditions and interrupt the atrophy-carcinoma sequence?” In order to answer the question one first has to understand the biology and natural history of these conditions and then explore the possibilities for their reversal.

Atrophy in the stomach is conventionally (and simply) defined as “loss of glands”. Such loss may follow ulceration with destruction of the glandular layer or, more frequently, result from a prolonged inflammatory process in which multiple glandular units separately undergo destruction. However, atrophy can also be thought of as “a loss of specialised cells ”. Under this broader definition it is possible to include loss of parietal and chief (zymogenic) cells without glandular destruction. Such partial or “pre-atrophy” has been described in human autoimmune gastritis5 and is frequently encountered in animal models of both autoimmune gastritis6 and chronic Helicobacter infection.7 In these latter situations oxyntic cells are replaced within the intact glandular tubules by mucous neck cells (MNC). More interestingly, partial loss of parietal cells and replacement by MNC is a frequent but largely unrecognised …
Vasculitis restricted to the lower limbs: a clinical and histopathological study
Authors: M Khellaf, M Hamidou, C Pagnoux, M Michel, J M Brisseau, X Chevallier, P Cohen, L Guillevin, B Godeau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Rare cases of vasculitis restricted to the lower limbs have been reported, but the characteristics, outcome and response to treatment of this entity are not well known.To describe the clinical, complementary examinations and response to treatment of this rare entity in the first retrospective series, and to compare data with historical pooled cases.Retrospective analysis of all biopsy-proven cases observed over a 10-year period in four French tertiary medical units. Diagnosis of vasculitis restricted to the lower limb required the absence of any clinical symptom and complementary test finding, suggesting major extramuscular visceral involvement.11 patients were included. Vasculitis restricted to the lower limb was associated with disabling muscle pain of the calves. Fever was present in 50% of cases; ankle arthralgia in 50% and skin involvement in 40%. MRI was the cornerstone of the diagnosis, showing hyperintense signal in T2 weight and in T1 weight after gadolinium injection. MRI findings correlated well with clinical outcome and were useful in guiding biopsy. Muscle biopsy was consistent with a polyarteritis nodosa-type vasculitis in only 40% cases, whereas a leucocytoclastic vasculitis was seen for all other cases. Treatment with corticosteroids was effective in all cases, but there were relapses requiring immunosuppressive agents in 54% of cases.Vasculitis of the calf muscles must be considered for patients with calf pain and with a biological inflammatory syndrome.
Genetic Influences Are Important for Most But Not All Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Population-Based Survey in a Cohort of Adult Swedish Twins
Authors: Anna-Lena Wennberg, Daniel Altman, Cecilia Lundholm, Åsa Klint, Anastasia Iliadou, Ralph Peeker, Magnus Fall, Nancy L. Pedersen, Ian Milsom
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Reviews and Notes: Color Atlas and Text of Clinical Medicine
Authors: Timothy P. Endy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 February 1994Reviews and Notes: Color Atlas and Text of Clinical MedicineTimothy P. EndyTimothy P. EndyWalter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Color Atlas and Text of Clinical MedicineCharles D. Forbes and William F. Jackson. 528 pages. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Year Book; 1993. $39.95.In his annual address before the Society of Internal Medicine, Sir William Osler commented, “We take as our motto the old maxim: ‘The whole art of medicine is in observation.’ The work consists in, first, the training of the senses in the observation of disease”.The authors of Color Atlas and Text of Clinical Medicine take the reader on a wonderful tour of the senses in the observation of human disease. The tour begins with the infectious ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 348-349KeywordsClinical laboratoriesDrugsInfectious diseasesMusclesNervesPathogenesisReactive arthritisResearch laboratoriesStaphylococcal infectionSub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Liver ultrasound screening during methotrexate treatment
Authors: P.V. Harrison
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Liver ultrasound screening during methotrexate treatment Get access P.V. Harrison P.V. Harrison Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Slyne Road, Lancaster LA1 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 6, 1 June 1986, Page 749, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04891.x Published: 01 June 1986
A8.24 autophagy may contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in myositis patients by maitaining muscle T cells homeostasis
Authors: Mei Zong, John Jörholt, Julia Winter, Eva Lindroos, Helena E Harris, Ingrid E Lundberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Infiltrating T cells is a typical histopathologic feature in muscles of patients with myositis and they play important roles in the disease development. In contrast to macrophages which usually can be reduced extensively after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, T cells often persist, and the reasons are still unclear. Autophagy helps cells to survive under variable cellular stresses. In this context the effects of endogenous, cytosolic high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is of interest as HMGB1 can induce autophagy by binding Beclin1 (an upstream protein initiating autophagy) and thereby contribute to cell survival. In this study, we will investigate whether autophagy initiated by HMGB1-Beclin1 binding can contribute to T cell survival in the muscles of patients with myositis, and whether these homeostatic T cells are related to GC treatment resistance. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Muscle biopsies were obtained from poly- and dermato- myositis patients with no or limited clinical response to GC and from patients with good response to GC. Biopsies were investigated by immunohistochemistry for macrophages (CD163, CD68), T cells (CD3), HMGB1 and Beclin1. Computer image analysis was performed for each marker. Co-localization of HMGB1, Beclin1 and T cells was done by consecutive section staining and was confirmed by double fluorescence staining. <h3>Results</h3> Both HMGB1 and Beclin1 expression was detected in muscle tissue of patients with myositis; furthermore, the expression co-localised to the infiltrating T cells as demonstrated by consecutive section staining and double fluorescence staining. Moreover, the expression of autophagy marker Beclin1 correlated with both HMGB1 and T cells (p&lt;0.05). In nine patients who are good responders to GC, the number of T cells in the muscles was decreased after treatment, and simultaneously the HMGB1 and Beclin1 expression was decreased. Analyses are ongoing on the non-responders. According to our hypothesis in these patients T cells will not be reduced as much as good responders after treatment and HMGB1 and Beclin1 expression will maintain at high levels too. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Markers of autophagy are present in the invading T cells in muscle tissue of myositis patients. Autophagy initiated by HMGB1-Beclin1 binding may contribute to T cell survival in the muscles of patients with myositis. And this homeostasis in T cells could be a factor that contributes to the GC resistance.
Double-negative T cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice mediate cytolytic activity when triggered through adhesion molecules and constitutively express perforin gene.
Authors: D M Hammond, P S Nagarkatti, L R Goté, A Seth, M R Hassuneh, M Nagarkatti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The lpr gene induces in mice, accumulation of large numbers of CD4-CD8- (double negative [DN]) T lymphocytes which bear adhesion molecules not characteristic of normal resting T cells. These cells fail to acquire interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors, produce IL-2, and proliferate when activated with mitogens or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the T cell receptor (TCR). Because of these poor functions in vitro, the nature and significance of DN T cells in the autoimmune disease process is not clear. In the current study, we describe a surprising finding that mAbs against CD3-TCR-alpha/beta complex can strongly trigger the lytic activity of the DN T cells to induce redirected lysis of Fc receptor-positive targets. Similar redirected lysis was also inducible using mAbs against CD44 and gp90MEL-14, molecules involved in the binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cells. The spontaneous cytotoxic potential of the DN T cells was further corroborated by demonstrating that the lpr DN T cells constitutively transcribed perforin gene but failed to express granzyme A. The current study suggests that DN T cells are capable of mediating lysis of autologous cells bearing the specific ligands for adhesion molecules involved in the signaling of cytotoxicity. These findings provide a novel insight into the functional significance of DN T cells in lpr mice and their potential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
Lightning injuries during snowy conditions
Authors: M Cherington, D W Breed, P R Yarnell, W E Smith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

Skiers and other snow sports enthusiasts can become lightning casualties. Two such accidents are reported, one being fatal. There are fewer warning signals of impending lightning strikes in winter-like conditions. However, outdoor activists should be aware of at least two suspicious clues: the appearance of convective clouds, and the presence of graupel (snow pellets) during precipitation.
ACCF/AHA/ACP/HFSA/ISHLT 2010 Clinical Competence Statement on Management of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant
Authors: Gary S. Francis, Barry H. Greenberg, Daphne T. Hsu, Brian E. Jaski, Mariell Jessup, Martin M. LeWinter, Francis D. Pagani, Ileana L. Piña, Marc J. Semigran, Mary Norine Walsh, David H. Wiener, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Suggestions for the Rapid Diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori Infection in Endoscopic Settings
Authors: M. Caselli, L. Trevisani, P. Pazzi, G. Stabellini, Trevisani Lucio
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

See also: The Importance of Determining Both Urea and Ammonium Levels in Gastric Juice for Rapid Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori InfectionEndoscopy 1992; 24(04): 292-292DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010484
Case can proceed against doctor who discussed patient's details on train, say judges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS trust that runs Broadmoor secure hospital can go ahead with disciplinary action against a consultant forensic psychiatrist who discussed a patient’s medical report with a colleague on a crowded train, three Court of Appeal judges have ruled.

The judges quashed a High Court injunction stopping West London Mental Health NHS Trust from convening a disciplinary panel to hear allegations of breach of confidence against Dr Chhabra.

Judge Jeremy McMullen granted the injunction in the High Court last June after ruling that it would be a breach of Chhabra’s contract to allow the disciplinary panel to …
Conflicts of Interest in Medical Education
Authors: David Korn, Daniel Carlat
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic adenosine triphosphate-dependent Ca2+ transport is mediated by distinct carriers on rat basolateral and canalicular membranes.
Authors: B L Blitzer, B R Hostetler, K A Scott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To characterize and localize hepatic plasma membrane ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange, studies were performed using highly purified rat basolateral and canalicular membrane vesicles. ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport activity was present in vesicles from both domains, insensitive to azide, oligomycin, oxalate, calmodulin, and calmidazolium, and virtually abolished at pH 6.8. However, basolateral and canalicular transport differed significantly. While basolateral transport was markedly stimulated by 1 mM Mg2+, canalicular transport was Mg2+ independent. Basolateral transport was similar at pH 7.4 and 8.0 but canalicular activity was stimulated fourfold at pH 8.0. Both Ca2+ Km [1.4 +/- 0.1 (SE).10(-8) vs. 4.8 +/- 0.7.10(-8) M] and Vmax (3.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.0 +/- 0.6 nmol mg-1 protein min-1) were lower in basolateral than in canalicular vesicles. Basolateral transport was somewhat more nucleotide specific (for ATP) and sensitive to vanadate (IC50 130 vs. 500 microM, respectively) than was canalicular transport. Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity was not detected in membranes from either domain. These studies suggest that hepatic ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport is mediated by domain-specific carriers on the basolateral and canalicular membranes.
The Vestibular System
Authors: Robert W. Cantrell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The search for understanding the vestibular system continues. When this tiny organ system is disordered, it causes symptoms so distressing to the patient that he is frequently immobilized. Little wonder, then, that research in the field proliferates at a rate that sometimes causes an information gap between the scientist and the clinician. To help bridge this gap, a symposium on the Vestibular System was held in 1973 at the University of Chicago. The topics covered are anatomy, physiology, vestibular examination, electronystagmography, eye movements, and diseases of the peripheral and central vestibular systems. Smith and Tanaka present excellent scanning electron-microscopic photographs of the cellular and microscopic components of the labyrinth. There are several excellent papers on the neuronal connections of the vestibular nuclei with the labyrinth, the cerebellum, higher centers, and spinal tracts. The physiology of this system is discussed in depth, and Johnson and Graybiel present some interesting vestibular problems
Autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease type 1: Clinical and molecular findings in six large Cypriot families
Authors: Christoforos Stavrou, Michael Koptides, Christos Tombazos, Evlalia Psara, Charalambos Patsias, Ioanna Zouvani, Kyriacos Kyriacou, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Tasos Christofides, Alkis Pierides, C. Constantinou Deltas
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Eye Disease Linked to Mitochondrial Gene Defect
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A RARE vision defect has yielded new insights into the transmission of genetic disease. The defect, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, has been traced to a mutation in the mitochondrial genome that has affected the organelle's ability to produce adenosine triphosphate. Leber's is characterized by progressive vision loss, beginning when patients are in their teens or 20s and usually rendering them blind by middle age. At Jackson Laboratory's Annual Short Course in Medical and Experimental Mammalian Genetics in Bar Harbor, Maine, Douglas Wallace, PhD, professor of biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, reported that a study of 11 families comprising more than 100 affected people has indicated that the disease stems from a single base-pair mutation in the DNA of one of the 13 known mitochondrial genes. The mutation affects one of a series of enzymes involved in ATP manufacture in the mitochondrial membrane. Each enzyme consists of several gene products, some of