tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: I. S. RAVDIN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Within the past few years a number of important advances have been made in our knowledge of the normal and abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. These advances have resulted in part from the introduction of new methods for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. It would seem desirable at this time to reexamine the present methods of treating thyrotoxicosis with special consideration of the status of thyroidectomy.  The most important recent advances in the knowledge of thyroid physiology have resulted from the use of three major tools: (1) a large group of goitrogenic compounds, varying considerably in chemical structure and mode of action (sulfonamide compounds, thiourea derivatives, sulfocyanates); (2) radioactive iodine and (3) relatively purified preparations of the thyrotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary. From the integrated use of these tools much has been learned concerning the mode of transport of inorganic iodine to the thyroid; the mechanism of its entrapment,
Late metastases of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: A. STEINER, C. WOLF, H. PEHAMBERGER, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Although late recurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a known clinical phenomenon, only 12 adequately documented cases exist in the literature. We describe two female patients with CMM who developed melanoma metastases 18 years after radical excision of their primary tumours and presumed cure. Increasing numbers of reports of cases of delayed metastases of CMM might have implications for management and follow up of melanoma patients.
Improved Screening for Prostate Cancer Offers Challenging New Data to Cope With High Incidence
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

HARDLY ANYONE mistakenly calls that gland the "prostrate" anymore. Not only is the prostate's name generally being pronounced more accurately, but the discomfort and danger it can pose also are becoming better understood by the public. A possible near end to both the extra "r" in pronunciation and to public ignorance or reluctance to talk about this sex-related gland appears to be the result of the widespread publicity that the prostate is receiving. This is particularly true where adenocarcinoma of the prostate is involved. The increasing amount and diversity of research into causes of this cancer have resulted in more articles on prostatic adenocarcinoma in the medical literature in this decade than ever before. But much more information also is being offered to the public about prostate cancer. Articles are appearing in many largecirculation magazines and newspapers, as well as in more specifically targeted publications such as health newsletters and
Fluphenazine enanthate and schizophrenia.
Authors: M. W. Carney
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A sat watching on the settee.Just as he was tuning the set she " exploded."The man dropped his tools and pulled the wires from the socket but could not find any electrical fault.He then turned to Mrs.A and suggested that the metal springs of the settee had broken.Mrs. A, too shy to explain her abdominal secret, let him examine the settee.The medical and nursing staff and last but not least the patient herself can vouch for the truth of this story, which was not the result of surrender to Christmas spirits.It is felt that this new and somewhat dramatic Duo- gastrone side-effect should be known to others.We
A 35 year old woman with diabetic nephropathy who wants a baby: case presentation
Authors: Giorgina Barbara Piccoli, Elisabetta Mezza, Giorgio Grassi, Manuel Burdese, Tullia Todros
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Maria Tomasa (Tommy) is a 35 year old woman with diabetic nephropathy. She has been diabetic since the age of 15 and has developed several complications, including retinopathy (requiring laser therapy) and mild hypertension. She desperately wants a baby despite being advised against it by her diabetologist. Indeed, she changed where she was referred for diabetic care until she found a group of care givers mildly tolerant of a pregnancy.

Five years ago she had a spontaneous abortion in the …
Pain behavior and the pretence of knowledge
Authors: Kenneth M. Prkachin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

A monolithic model that ignores functional and topographic distinctions among its components has dominated clinical accounts of pain behavior. This model contributes to a pretence of knowledge that affects the treatment of sufferers. This commentary addresses the role of the target article in correcting knowledge-pretence and introduces a complementary caveat about evolutionary psychology concepts.
THE GRATEFUL RELIEF OF SCROTAL DROPSY BY THE USE OF A SOUTHEY TUBE
Authors: Paul D. White
Journal: JAMA (1933)

It is well known that in selected cases of intractable and distressing anasarca the insertion of Southey's tubes into the feet and legs may afford much relief and may render more bearable the last few weeks or months of life when there is extensive congestive failure.<sup>1</sup>It is not well known, however, that the most grateful relief of all may be afforded to patients with extensive scrotal edema by the insertion of a Southey tube into the scrotum, as recommended by Southey<sup>2</sup>himself in 1877. Such a measure is more comfortable and sanitary than incision or simple puncture of the scrotum, since the edema fluid can be easily led off by a small rubber tube into a bottle placed on the floor close to the large chair or the chair bed on which the patient reclines with the head elevated and the legs lowered. As cited in our
Idiopathic haemorrhagic rupture of the shoulder in destructive disease of the elderly.
Authors: A D Woolf, T E Cawston, P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

<h3>Background</h3> The progression and metastatic capacity of solid tumors are strongly influenced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accumulation of anti-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with worse clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. Numerous clinical trials aiming to recover T cell anti-tumor activity have been failing due to the persistence immune suppression in TME. Thus, there is a clinical need for alternative treatments targeting the suppressive function of the TME. We have previously shown that antibodies targeting the scavenger receptor MARCO reprograms the pro-tumoral TAMs in murine cancer models. Here, we investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC in the presence of MARCO expressing TAMs. We tested targeting MARCO or the tumor mechanisms inducing MARCO on human TAMs and hypothesized that targeting these mechanisms will remodel the suppressive environment and relive the anti-tumor responses to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> To test our hypothesis, we first investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC in the presence of pro-tumoral MARCO+TAMs compared with tumors infiltrated by MARCO-TAMs. We next used RNAseq to analyze differential gene expression in NSCLC tumors infiltrated by MARCO positive or negative macrophages. In vitro, cytokine differentiated macrophages alternatively cultured with lung cancer cell lines were co-cultured with Natural Killer (NK) cells and T cells to mimic their interaction in the TME. Later, macrophages were treated with targeting antibodies and their phenotype and function were examined prior and following interaction with other immune cells. <h3>Results</h3> We found that MARCO expressing TAM numbers correlated with increased occurrence of regulatory T cell and effector T cells and decreased NK cells in NSCLC infiltrated by MARCO+TAMs. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the tumors uncovered a correlation between MARCO expression and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37. Studies in vitro subsequently showed that lung cancer cells polarized macrophages to express MARCO and gain an anti-inflammatory phenotype through the release of IL-37. These human MARCO expressing TAMs blocked cytotoxic T cell and NK cell activation, inhibiting their proliferation, cytokine production and tumor killing capacity. Mechanistically, MARCO+ macrophages enhanced regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation and IL-10 production and diminished CD8 T cell activities. Targeting MARCO or IL-37 receptor (IL-37R) repolarized TAMs resulted in recovered cytolytic activity and anti-tumoral capacity of NK cells and T cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In summary, our data demonstrate a novel immune therapeutic approach targeting human TAM immune suppression of NK and T cell anti-tumor activities and remodel immune suppression. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Board, approval number Dnr 2013.977-31.1.
Diaphragmatic Paralysis after Herpes
Authors: J. H. Pratt-Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

has put on record the outstanding success of a historic gathering and pays elegant tribute to the warmth of the welcome afforded to British delegates by their colleagues in Pakistan.This meeting and visits to other medical centres demonstrate that the number, variety, and degree of all forms of disease in the sub- continent provide a range unknown in the teaching hospitals of Britain and the United States.The enormous numbers accentuate the importance of initial clinical assessment, if the necessarily restricted resources for investigation and treatment are to be utilized ,to the best advantage.The traditional clinical approach of British medicine has been the 'foundation of practice in the past and still has ,more to offer in the subcontinent than the sophisticated research techniques at which the United States excels.If our prestige is to be
Effectiveness of additional supervised exercises compared with conventional treatment alone in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains: systematic review
Authors: R. M. van Rijn, J. van Ochten, P. A. J. Luijsterburg, M. van Middelkoop, B. W. Koes, S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To summarise the effectiveness of adding supervised exercises to conventional treatment compared with conventional treatment alone in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data</b><b>sources</b> Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, and reference screening. <b>Study selection</b> Included studies were randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials, or clinical trials. Patients were adolescents or adults with an acute lateral ankle sprain. The treatment options were conventional treatment alone or conventional treatment combined with supervised exercises. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias, and one reviewer extracted data. Because of clinical heterogeneity we analysed the data using a best evidence synthesis. Follow-up was classified as short term (up to two weeks), intermediate (two weeks to three months), and long term (more than three months). <b>Results</b> 11 studies were included. There was limited to moderate evidence to suggest that the addition of supervised exercises to conventional treatment leads to faster and better recovery and a faster return to sport at short term follow-up than conventional treatment alone. In specific populations (athletes, soldiers, and patients with severe injuries) this evidence was restricted to a faster return to work and sport only. There was no strong evidence of effectiveness for any of the outcome measures. Most of the included studies had a high risk of bias, with few having adequate statistical power to detect clinically relevant differences. <b>Conclusion</b> Additional supervised exercises compared with conventional treatment alone have some benefit for recovery and return to sport in patients with ankle sprain, though the evidence is limited or moderate and many studies are subject to bias.
Physiologic Studies of the Pulmonary Capillary Bed after Barium Sulfate Embolization*
Authors: Walter J. Daly, John A. Waldhausen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

22 anesthetized dogs were given a barium sulfate suspension intravenously in a dose sufficient to double mean pulmonary artery pressure. 10 sec breath-holding carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D(LCO10)) was measured before and after this standard embolization in each dog. No post-embolic decrease in D(LCO10) was observed. In the study of this apparent paradox, it was found that the potential for further increase in D(LCO10) during exercise remained after embolization. During rest prolongation of breath holding to 60 sec decreased CO absorption significantly more in the embolized than in the nonembolized dogs. While D(LCO10) was not affected by standard barium embolization, oxygen diffusing capacity was clearly decreased. The bronchial collateral circulation did not participate in preventing a D(LCO10) decrease after embolization since surgical interruption of the bronchial circulation did not alter the response to barium. Microscopic examination of lung sections taken after standard embolization showed plugging of precapillary vessels in the 40-50 mu range. These studies suggest that acute precapillary embolic obstruction of vessels of this size interferes remarkably little with CO absorption over short periods of time, probably because of continued CO absorption in portions of the capillary net distal to the sites of impaction. The remarkable anastomotic nature of this capillary network with multiple sources of access possibly provides the anatomic basis for this observation. This study demonstrates a clear dissociation between acute changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and D(LCO10)-both during rest and exercise.
Italian doctors plan protest action
Authors: L. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors working in Italy's public hospitals plan fresh industrial action to protest at cuts in the health service outlined in next year's budget. The action will include a ban on overtime and a four hour strike later this month.

The action is in response to the first budget to be drawn up by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's right wing coalition, which will set out to cut pounds sterling 2.5bn from the funds available to the health service. Hospital doctors feel that they in particular are being penalised. On 16 December members of Anaao Assomed, the main association for hospital doctors, plan a four hour strike and a demonstration in …
The Correction of Electrolyte Deficits in Cardiovascular-Renal Disease
Authors: F. R. SCHEMM, A. A. CÁMARA
Journal: Circulation (1954)

In this discussion of some of the points that have interested us in the correction of electrolyte deficits in cardiovascular-renal disease, we briefly reviewed the salt-losing syndrome in terminal nephritics and in hypertensives with advanced renal damage, and incidentally delved into the concepts of edema formation as we discussed its opposite mechanism. We found ourselves drawn into a discussion of potassium metabolism in the process, touching on the subject of "potassium losers." Next in the panorama of this multifaceted problem came the management of edematous patients who developed hyponatremia on the diuretic egimen (without losing their edema) or who became mercurial fast in "midstream"; i.e., after losing about half their edema. Under such dire circumstances, we showed how sodium chloride might be used to good advantage. The promising use of corticotropin (ACTH) in hopelessly resistant cases of cardiac edema or in near-terminal severe cases of myocardial insufficiency, with incidental correction of a coexisting hyponatremia (accomplished without the use of sodium supplements) was described. Finally, we discussed in detail our use mainly of hypotonic solutions of sodium salts in correcting concentration as well as pattern and volume disturbances of the extracellular fluid in cardiovascular-renal patients who develop serious gastrointestinal and surgical complications. We emphasized that in such patients we have obtained the best end results with mainly hypotonic and isotonic, rather than hypertonic salt solutions. With this form of electrolyte replacement therapy, we have seen more floating on water and less drowning in brine!
Endoscopic submucosal dissection using endoclips to assist in mucosal flap formation (novel technique: “clip flap method”)
Authors: K. Yamamoto, S. Hayashi, T. Nakabori, M. Shibuya, M. Ichiba, M. Inada
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires a high skill level due to poor visualization and instability in the cutting area. Mucosal flap formation after beginning submucosal dissection is the most difficult part of the procedure but improves visibility in the cutting area and allows for easier dissection, because the mucosal flap can be lifted with an attachment fitted to the endoscope. Although traction systems for ESD were recently reported [1] [2] [3] [4] [5], these methods are complicated and not widely employed. We designed a simple "clip flap method" using the endoclip as a substitute for the mucosal flap until it is formed.
Intense exercise and airway hyper-responsiveness/asthma—importance of environmental factors
Authors: Ken Fitch, Sandra Anderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

The thalamus and neocortex are two highly organized and complex brain structures that work in concert with each other. The largest synaptic input to the thalamus arrives from the neocortex via corticothalamic fibers. Using brain slices, we describe long-term potentiation (LTP) in corticothalamic fibers contacting the ventrobasal thalamus. Corticothalamic LTP is input-specific, NMDA receptor-independent, and reversible. The induction of corticothalamic LTP is entirely presynaptic and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent. The expression of corticothalamic LTP is associated with a decrease in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and blocked by an inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Consistent with an involvement of cAMP and PKA, activation of adenylyl cyclase induced a synaptic enhancement that was associated with a decrease in PPF and occluded LTP. Corticothalamic LTP may serve to enhance the efficacy of cortico-cortical communication via the thalamus and/or to mediate experience-dependent long-term modifications of thalamocortical receptive fields.
The impact of HLA unidirectional mismatches on the outcome of myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with unrelated donors
Authors: Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Ann Woolfrey, Tao Wang, Michael Haagenson, John Umejiego, Mahmoud Aljurf, Medhat Askar, Minoo Battiwalla, Jason Dehn, John Horan, Machteld Oudshoorn, Joseph Pidala, Wael Saber, Victoria Turner, Stephanie J. Lee, Stephen R. Spellman
Journal: Blood (2013)
Review: Laparoscopic fundoplication is better than medical management for some quality-of-life measures in GERD
Authors: Yvonne Romero
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Wileman SM, McCann S, Grant AM, Krukowski ZH, Bruce J. Medical versus surgical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(3):CD003243. 20238321
Continuous Subcutaneous Angiopeptin Treatment Significantly Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Porcine Coronary In-Stent Restenosis Model
Authors: Mun K. Hong, Kenneth M. Kent, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Fermin O. Tio, Marie Foegh, S. Chiu Wong, Seedabarum S. Cathapermal, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In-stent restenosis results primarily from neointimal hyperplasia. This study evaluated the efficacy and the optimal mode of administration of angiopeptin, a somatostatin analogue with antiproliferative activity, in a porcine coronary in-stent restenosis model. Methods and Results Forty pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=10 per group): (1) controls receiving saline infusion at the site of stent implantation via a local delivery catheter, (2) local treatment group receiving one-time treatment (200 μg angiopeptin) at the site of stent placement, (3) systemic treatment group receiving continuous angiopeptin over a 1-week period via a subcutaneous osmotic pump (200 μg/kg total dose), and (4) combined local and systemic treatment group. Then, one oversized Palmaz-Schatz stent (mean ratio of stent to artery diameters, 1.3:1) was implanted in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The degree of neointimal reaction was evaluated 4 weeks later by angiography (maximal percent diameter stenosis), intravascular ultrasound (total in-stent neointimal volume), and histology (maximal area stenosis). Systemic treatment produced the least neointimal hyperplasia and significantly reduced in-stent restenosis compared with the control group by all end points, despite similar degrees of injury. Angiography showed 25±17% versus 50±17% diameter stenosis in the systemic angiopeptin group versus the control group ( P &lt;.0001), intravascular ultrasound revealed 23±10 versus 58±27 mm 3 neointimal volume in the systemic angiopeptin versus control group ( P =.0002), and histology showed 41±16% versus 69±18% area stenosis ( P =.0016) in the systemic angiopeptin versus control group. Plasma angiopeptin levels revealed rapid clearance (within 6 hours) after local therapy, whereas the levels persisted for up to 2 weeks in the systemic group. Conclusions This study shows that continuous subcutaneous treatment with angiopeptin after stent implantation significantly reduces in-stent restenosis by inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia.
INRs and point of care testing
Authors: E. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Despite limitations, overall evidence shows that point of care testing is reliable 

The development and adoption of instruments for determining the international normalised ratio (INR) at the point of care for monitoring treatment with coumarin anticoagulants has added another variable to the question of the precision of INR measurements. In this issue Poller et al (p 30) show discrepancies between results when two such instruments are used and the best estimate of the true INR.1 These observations, however, should be seen in the context of the already recognised limitations of the INR system and the potential for using point of care testing to deliver safe and effective anticoagulant therapy efficiently.

Coumarin anticoagulants remain the preferred method of prophylaxis and treatment for thrombosis in a range of clinical situations. Around 1% of the populations of many countries receive such treatment, a proportion boosted by the increasing use of oral anticoagulation as thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation.2 Monitoring of the anticoagulant effect of coumarins, however, is essential, and the prothrombin time is used for this …