tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review From the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care’s Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group
Authors: Alvaro Figueredo, Manya L. Charette, Jean Maroun, Melissa C. Brouwers, Lisa Zuraw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To develop a systematic review that would address the following question: Should patients with stage II colon cancer receive adjuvant therapy? Methods A systematic review was undertaken to locate randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant therapy to observation. Results Thirty-seven trials and 11 meta-analyses were included. The evidence for stage II colon cancer comes primarily from a trial of fluorouracil plus levamisole and a meta-analysis of 1,016 patients comparing fluorouracil plus folinic acid versus observation. Neither detected an improvement in disease-free or overall survival for adjuvant therapy. A recent pooled analysis of data from seven trials observed a benefit for adjuvant therapy in a multivariate analysis for both disease-free and overall survival. The disease-free survival benefits appeared to extend to stage II patients; however, no P values were provided. A meta-analysis of chemotherapy by portal vein infusion has also shown a benefit in disease-free and overall survival for stage II patients. A meta-analysis was conducted using data on stage II patients where data were available (n = 4,187). The mortality risk ratio was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.01; P = .07). Conclusion There is preliminary evidence indicating that adjuvant therapy is associated with a disease-free survival benefit for patients with stage II colon cancer. These benefits are small and not necessarily associated with improved overall survival. Patients should be made aware of these results and encouraged to participate in active clinical trials. Additional investigation of newer therapies and more mature data from the presently available trials should be pursued.
Portal, mesenteric, and splenic vein thromboses after splenectomy in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia variant with thrombocythemic onset
Authors: Je Jung Lee, Hyeoung Joon Kim, Ik Joo Chung, Moo Rim Park, Kang Seok Seo, Yong Yeon Jeong, Jae Kyu Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Portal, mesenteric, or splenic vein thrombosis is a very uncommon complication with significant mortality in the patients undergoing splenectomy for hematologic disorders. We report a 49-year-old woman who developed portal, superior mesenteric, and splenic vein thromboses after splenectomy. Four years before the event, she presented with a marked thrombocytosis and was diagnosed to have chronic myeloid leukemia variant with thrombocythemic onset as evidence by Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome and a b3a2 BCR/ABL transcript. Six weeks after splenectomy, she developed severe epigastric pain. The diagnosis of thromboses of portal, mesenteric, and splenic veins was made by computed tomography scan and Doppler sonogram. She was successfully treated with antegrade intraarterial urokinase therapy via superior mesenteric artery and long-term anticoagulant therapies. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of portal, mesenteric, and splenic vein thromboses after splenectomy in a patient with CML variant with thrombocythemic onset successfully treated with antegrade intraarterial thrombolytic therapy followed by anticoagulant therapies. Am. J. Hematol. 61:212–215, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Silicone Gel Appears Inexplicably to Flatten, Lighten Hypertrophic Scars From Burns
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE SNUG PRESSURE suits worn by burn patients to prevent hypertophic scarring are hot, scratchy and uncomfortable, and frequently have to be worn for more than 6 months. There may be a better alternative.  The same silicone used for breast implants, when applied as a topical gel, flattens and lightens hypertrophic scars, according to a presentation at the recent annual meeting of the American Burn Association in New Orleans, La. Treatment with silicone gel also seems to improve the elasticity of the tough, fibrous scar tissue.  New Zealand Observation  Thomas Mustoe, MD, an assistant professor of surgery, Sang Tae Ahn, MD, a surgical fellow, and William Monafo, MD, a professor of surgery, all of Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, performed the study. Mustoe says the initial observation that a simple silicone gel dressing had a salubrious effect on hypertrophic scars came from New Zealand in about 1981.
Histological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural and Biochemical Study of Human Gastric Composite Tumor: Expression of the Serotonin-2B Receptor by the Neuroendocrine Component
Authors: Jean-Philippe Brouland, Philippe Manivet, Isabelle Brocheriou-Spelle, Michel Wassef, Marie-Françoise Le Bodic, Anne Lavergne, Jean-Marie Launay
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2001)
Coexistent Disseminated Sarcoidosis and Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Ben L. Goldfarb
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anemia in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: RICHARD S. RIVLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

In four hyperthyroid patients with anemia measurements of ferrokinetics have been conducted both before and after antithyroid therapy. These findings were then compared with the results of similar measurements in a "control" group of five hyperthyroid patients who were not anemic. The mean red cell survival recorded in the two groups did not differ. In the "control" hyperthyroid group the turnover of iron was faster and its degree of incorporation into circulating erythrocytes more complete than normal; both decreased toward normal after successful antithyroid therapy. In contrast, in the anemic patients utilization of iron was less complete than normal and increased rather than decreased after antithyroid therapy. These data suggest that in certain hyperthyroid patients who develop anemia there may be an impairment in the utilization of iron. Anemia was found most often in patients with hyperthyroidism of unusual severity or prolonged duration. The underlying mechanisms cannot yet be described with certainty.
The Clinical Course in Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: A. G. ADELMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A retrospective and prospective analysis of the clinical course of 60 hemodynamically proved cases of muscular subaortic stenosis showed that in 41 (68%) the murmur was the first evidence of the disease. Fifty-six of the 60 patients (93%) developed symptoms (Class II, New York Heart Association) an average of 10 years after the murmur was first heard, and 40 (66%) deteriorated to Class III-IV an average of 5 years after the onset of symptoms. Of 28 untreated or propranolol-treated patients, 4 (14%) died of the disease. This experience indicates that muscular subaortic stenosis is a progressive disease once symptoms start. Most patients experienced symptomatic improvement with propranolol therapy. However, only 25% of Class III-IV patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at rest maintained this improvement into the second year of therapy, whereas 75% of patients in Class III-IV who underwent ventriculomyotomy have had sustained symptomatic improvement.
IV. ON MALUNITED AND UNUNITED FRACTURES
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1916)

THE conditions to wlich the terms "delayed union" and ''non-union " are applied may be difficult to distinguish, becauise often we find tlhat, even after montlis, osteo- genetic clhanges leading to consolidation will take place in a fracture considered to be permanently united.If we are to av.id disagreeable experiences, we must recogniize that for various reasons, some of wlichl we know and some of whiclh are still unknown, a certain proportion of fractures takce longer to unite than others.Some years ago I was called to a distance to operate upon a fractured fernur.Tlle accident had occurred tlhree montlhs previously.The length and alignment were good, but the patient lhad some sugar in thie urine, and we decided, instead of operating, to place the limb, free from circular constriction, in a Tlhomas's bed splint (Fig. 1).Certain otlher proceduLres which I advise were nlot carried out, but in four weeks very firn consolidation had-occurred.This case affords an example of a clinical type.Thlere may be several weeks of apparent inactivity in callus formnation, and -then consolidation occurs quLite rapidly.If a practitioner takes care to niaintain a good 1eng4h jnd accurate alignmtient, lhe slhould looli forward clheerfully to a happyissue even if union is delayed.As a rule, tllis is exactly wlhat Fiobed sint le does niot do.At the end of tlhe fifth week lhe begins to feel nervous, lhe dis- tLirbs tlle bone ends, modifies hiis methods, and by degree transforms inlto a permanent disability a condition wllich nmerely demnanded patience.Delayed itnion& is most comlmion in the middle of tlle femur, in the lhumiierus at the junction of the mn i d dlI e anid upper tlhird, and in the tibia and fibuila at tlhoir lower tliird. CAUSES OF DELAYEDUNION.
Smoking, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> , and periodontitis
Authors: Trevor L P Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Contraction and convergence: myth and realityEditor-The review of climate change issues in the BMJ of 10 June was comprehensive.On grounds of morality, the principle of contraction and convergence is unassailable. 1 In the real world, it is a pipe dream.It would work only by being enforcible, which implies an international policing authority with real teeth.Can we seriously believe that the United States, China, or Russia would submit to such an authority?Sadly there is no mileage in morality when affluent lifestyles are threatened.It is right to plead for changes in individual behaviour, but only the de-carbonising of energy at source will make a predictable and sustained impact on carbon dioxide emissions.The only long term route to this goal will be through the adoption of renewable energy technologies on two levels.Firstly, small scale to micro-generation systems are rapidly approaching market viability.Within five to 10 years, millions of homes could become cost effective mini-power stations linked to a local mini-grid under the umbrella of distributed generation.The Energy Saving Trust estimates that this sector could meet 40% of UK electricity demand. 2 Secondly, base load electricity could be provided by gigawatt scale technologies mostly drawing energy from wind, rivers, and seas.Tidal stream, tidal estuary, tidal impoundment, wave power, and offshore wind could more than match the output of today's nuclear power. 3 In the short term, "balancing power" to compensate for intermittency would be provided by combined cycle gas power plants.In the longer term, surplus electricity, which is an intrinsic problem with renewables, will be directed to producing hydrogen for grid connected gigawatt scale fuel cells in a symbiotic coupling with high energy density renewables installations.All this will, of course, depend on massive government investment, but so would nuclear energy.On the demand side, buildings are the biggest carbon culprits.The only effective answer, embracing both new and existing buildings, is the concept of the carbon budget, enforcible by law.This could also be adapted for transport.These have complex implications, perhaps for another time.
Systems Analysis of Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Edwin D. Huff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Groundbreaking though their work is, Dr Bates and colleagues1and Dr Leape and colleagues2may have collectively oversimplified the management tasks for reducing adverse drug events (ADEs). By launching into computerized systems changes without a deeper understanding of medication delivery process stability, they also encourage management decision making that appears contrary to knowledge-based approaches to such matters.  Deming's3knowledge-based management theory is grounded in the predictability of organizational systems. Prediction requires stable processes. Neither Bates et al nor Leape et al demonstrated that what was observed was in a  Upper Control Limit Average per Week 1989 Weekly Control Chart 1990 Weekly Control Chart  Actual weekly process control charts of a corporation's Occupational Safety and Health Administration—reportable injuries for 1989 and 1990. The left side of the Figure shows an unstable system in which nonrandom, assignable causes of variation produced a spike of injuries after
The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale Revisited
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Maloney's recently published Commentary on the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS)<sup>1</sup>perpetuates many of the errors that invalidated his previous essay on the same subject.<sup>2</sup>He indicates awareness of valid criticisms of the earlier article<sup>2</sup>(references 5 to 15) but does not effectively refute them. It is particularly unfortunate that the author has chosen to continue using a method of calculating adjusted average work weeks for physicians in various specialties that was previously found inappropriate.<sup>3</sup> Even if one accepts his dubious assumptions, the statement in the legend for his Fig 1<sup>1</sup>that "all specialties earn the same annual income within a narrow SD (shaded area), irrespective of time worked" is obviously untrue. Fewer than half of the data points on either part of it fall within the shaded area (±1 SD). Maloney's defense of his use of Mendenhall's data<sup>4</sup>on
Evaluation of Petri dish sampling for assessment of cat allergen in airborne dust
Authors: A.‐S. Karlsson, M. Hedrén, C. Almqvist, K. Larsson, A. Renström
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Dust reservoir sampling is the most commonly used method for assessment of indirect allergen exposure. Because assessment of personal exposure using person‐carried pumps is time‐consuming and expensive we evaluated the Petri dish sampling method for measurement of airborne cat allergen in classrooms. Methods: Petri dish sampling was evaluated in three study parts. Part I: by comparison between Petri dish sampling and personal air sampling in 44 classrooms with many (≥ 20%) and few (≤ 10%) cat owners and by additional Petri dish sampling in 40 pet‐free homes. Part II: by sampling with duplicate Petri dishes in 28 classrooms. Part III: by sampling in three classrooms at four sampling heights during different sampling times. All samples were analyzed for cat allergen (Fel d 1) content with a monoclonal antibody two‐site ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), using signal amplification when necessary. Results: There was a significant correlation between Petri dish sampling and personal air sampling ( r = 0.66; P &lt; 0.0001). Levels were five‐fold higher in classes with many cat owners than in classes with few cat owners, regardless of method. A corresponding difference was found in the homes. Duplicate sample values were in fair agreement (Bland‐Altman test) and were correlated ( r = 0.77; P &lt; 0.0001). Cumulative levels collected weekly in one Petri dish were lower than using five daily Petri dishes, regardless of sampling height. Conclusions: Petri dish sampling can be useful as an alternative method to personal air sampling of airborne allergens.
Rectal and colonic mucosal biopsy findings and faeces, sigmoidoscopy, and histopathological correlation in amoebiasis and other colitis.
Authors: N Madanagopalan, S P Vedachalam, R Subramaniam, R G Murugesan
Journal: Gut (1968)

<h3>Background</h3> In Bangladesh, thousands of pedestrians are dying on the roads every year. However, the real burden of RTI focusing on pedestrian safety has neither been recognized nor been addressed properly by the policy makers in Bangladesh due to lack of reliable data. <h3>Objective</h3> The study aimed at exploring the current scenario of road traffic injuries and involvement of pedestrians in Bangladesh to generate information-base for the policy makers. <h3>Methodology</h3> A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and June 2016. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select required number of households. Sampling strategy was based on probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) methodologies with separate urban and rural samples. Data from 2 99 216 household residents was available for analysis of which 1 00 842 were children aged 0–17 years. 64 data collectors and 16 supervisors were engaged in the study. Data was collected on tablets using a custom data entry program. Once data was transferred to the server, the data was validated, and exported to SPSS v21 for analysis. <h3>Results</h3> In the year before the survey, an estimate 22 437 deaths were recorded due to road traffic injuries i.e 14.4/100,000 population. Over 3.4 million were injured (2163.7/100,000 population) of which 80 448 were permanently disabled, over 220 each day. Pedestrians comprises around one third of all RTI deaths while a clear male predominance in most age groups for both death and injuries were found. Pedestrians contributed around 14% of the permanent disabilities due to road traffic injuries. Infants, younger children (&lt;9 years) and older people (60+years) became more frequent victims as pedestrians. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Findings of this study could an insight for the policy makers of Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries for future policy guidance. We have to act without any delay to address the alarming involvement of pedestrians in road traffic injuries.
Tumour necrosis factor and other cytokines in murine lupus
Authors: A. N Theofilopoulos, B. R Lawson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Investigations into the structure, expression and functional status of cytokines, as well as on the possible utility of their agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents in lupus, have received prominent attention. In fact, mouse strains predisposed to lupus (NZBxW, BXSB, MRL- lpr ) have long constituted the primary resource to investigate the role of cytokines in autoimmunity. An additional impetus for such investigations in recent years has been provided by the discovery that T cells may be polarised during an ongoing immune response into the so called TH1 and TH2 subsets, which display distinct cytokine profiles and effector functions. Thus, following antigen recognition, cytokines present at the site of priming together with other factors, such as type of antigen presenting cell, amount of antigen, co-stimulatory molecules, affinity and duration of exposure direct the induction of either TH1 cells, which secrete IL2, IFNγ and TNFβ, or TH2 cells, which secrete IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10 and IL13.1 Another cytokine, IL12, produced by activated macrophages and dendritic cells, is a strong inducer of TH1 cells in which the β-subunit of its receptor is retained but lost on TH2 cells. The former cells then provide protection from intracellular pathogens, activate phagocytes, induce IgG2a antibodies, and promote DTH responses, whereas the latter cells provide protection from extracellular pathogens, activate eosinophils, induce IgE mediated allergic reactions, and generally promote humoral responses in which IgG1 predominates. The molecular events associated with this polarisation have not been fully eludicated, but certain protooncogenes, kinases and transcription factors seem to play a part.2-6 

Based on this T cell division, it has been hypothesised that organ specific autoimmune diseases such as IDDM should be mediated by TH1 cells, whereas humorally mediated autoimmune diseases such as lupus …
Disparities in health widen between rich and poor in England
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Social disparities in health outcomes in England have been widening, not narrowing, in the early years of the government's drive to reduce class inequalities in health by 2010, says a status report commissioned by the Department of Health.

In 2002 the government set a target to reduce by 10% the degree to which the fifth of local authorities with the worst figures in infant mortality and life expectancy fall below the national average, compared with a 1997-9 baseline figure.

But the class gap in health has actually been growing, the statistics show. In 2001-3 infant mortality among the families of “routine and manual” workers was 19% higher—at six deaths in every 1000 live births—than the national average. In 1997-9 infant mortality in this social group had been 13% higher than the national average and in 1999-2001 it had been 17% higher. Infant mortality …
Failure of tropisetron to inhibit jejunal water and electrolyte secretion induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in healthy volunteers.
Authors: L K Munck, O Eskerod, M B Hansen, K Bukhave, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: Gut (1994)

The effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, ICS 205-930 (tropisetron), on basal and 5-HT induced jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes were examined using a double blind, randomised crossover design. In seven healthy volunteers steady state perfusions of the proximal jejunum were performed twice with the Loc-I-Gut tube after 5+5 mg ICS 205-930 or placebo capsules were given. After equilibration for 60 minutes and completion of a 120 minute basal period 5-HT (10 micrograms/kg x min intravenously) was infused for 120 minutes. Net water absorption (mean (SEM)) in the basal period was 0.55 (0.84) ml/cm x h and 0.74 (0.72) ml/cm x h after placebo and ICS 205-930, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). Infusion of 5-HT caused significant net secretion of water after placebo (2.05 (0.58) ml/cm x h; p &lt; 0.02) as well as ICS 205-930 (2.60 (0.89) ml/cm x h; p &lt; 0.05). As ICS 205-930 excerted no effects on either basal or 5-HT induced water and electrolyte transport in the intact human jejunum the compound is probably not efficacious as an anti-secretory drug in patients with 5-HT induced diarrhoea.
ACCIDENTAL ELECTROCOAGULATION OF THE MALE GENITALIA
Authors: Paul R. Farrington
Journal: JAMA (1930)

This case of electrical burns is of interest because of the unusual distribution of the lesions, and their extensiveness, and because the patient recovered.  A telegraph lineman, aged 20, was seated astride a lead armored telegraph cable directly over an interurban trolley wire carrying a 25 cycle current of 11,000 volts. He was wrapping a splice in the cable with lead tape, when he allowed the roll of tape to slip from his hand. The strip of lead fell, unrolling as it went, and struck the trolley wire. Sufficient current passed to melt the tape almost instantly and to burn the man seriously.  When I first saw him he was in severe shock and great pain. His clothes were practically burned from his body. The entire anterior surface of the abdomen was burned. An area measuring 4 by 5 inches in the right lower quadrant had been coagulated to a