tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting airflow obstruction in severe asthmatics
Authors: Baoyi Zeng, Li Leng Tan, Su Ying Low, Thun How Ong, Keng Leong Tan, Mariko Koh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Severe asthma was defined as “treatment-resistant severe asthma” and includes asthmatics on highest level of recommended treatment (high-dose Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) or high-dose ICS plus Long-Acting Beta- Agonist combination) 1. Airway remodeling was defined as FEV1 ≤60%. Factors predicting remodeling were studied which include demographic profile, duration of asthma, allergen sensitization, presence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness, asthma-related comorbidities and frequency of asthma exacerbations.

207 fulfilled severe asthma definition. Amongst these patients, 59 had airway remodeling. Airway remodeling was associated with increasing number of allergen sensitization (p=0.032). Amongst those with 5-8 allergen sensitization, 37.5% (n=12) had FEV1 ≤60%. In comparison, 15.9% (n=7) had FEV1 ≤60% amongst those with 1-4 allergen sensitization. The presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness on methacholine challenge test, significant bronchodilator response and smoking were also significantly associated with FEV1 ≤60% (p< 0.001, p<0.001, p=0.011 respectively). Frequency of asthma exacerbations (steroid burst, admissions and unscheduled emergency department visits), duration of asthma and presence of asthma related co-morbidities were not significantly associated.

We have found that patients with broader spectrum of allergen sensitization were more likely to have airway remodeling. Early detection of allergen sensitization may be important and aggressive treatment of allergies may be able to arrest or reverse the remodeling process. Our findings concur with previous reports of presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, bronchodilator response and smoking being risk factors for remodeling.
Surfactant protein D (SPD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients (pts) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) during the treatment program
Authors: Tetyana Pertseva, Tetyana Kireyeva, Olga Shtepa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The aim  of study was toevaluate plasma SPD and CRP levels in pts with CAP before and after antibacterial therapy (ABT).   Study population and methods.  35 patients with CAP and 10 healthy persons (H) made the study sample. Plasma SPD and CRP were measured before and after ABT in addition to physical examination and chest X-Ray.   Results  are shown in table 1.  There was no any correlation between SPD and CRP in pts with CAP before and after ABT (R = 0,095, p = 0,589; R = 0,159, p = 0,363 respectively).   Conclusions:  1) Both SPD and CRP increases in patients with CAP before the ABT. 2) There was statistically significant difference between SPD and CRP levels in pts with CAP before and after ABT but wasn9t any significant difference between pts with CAP before ABT and H 3) Regression of clinical symptoms accompanied by a decrease SPD and CRP levels.
Influence of Rat Strain and Arthritogen on Actions of Gold Drugs in Adjuvant-Induced Polyarthritis
Authors: B. Vernon-Roberts, I. R. Garrett, M. W. Whitehouse, P. M. Brooks, D. R. Haynes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The article examines the effects of aurothiomalate (ATM) and auranofin (AF) on adjuvant-induced polyarthritis and serum gold levels in three different strains of rats.
Tumor-Specific Antigen(s) in a Spontaneous Mammary Carcinoma of C3H Mice. I. - Quantitative Cell Transplants Into Mammary-Tumor-Agent-Positive and -Free Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: V Silobrcic, H D Suit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Results of a series of quantitative assays of transplantability of a C3H/He mouse mammary carcinoma are described. Recipient mice were either isologous or F1 hybrids, and either mammary-tumor-agent (MTA)-positive or -free. All transplants were performed with tumor cells of second-generation isotransplants derived from a single tumor. Transplantability of this tumor was not affected by the MTA status or sex of the recipient, nor were the tumor-take rates in MTA-positive and MTA-free hosts influenced by 400 rads of whole-body irradiation. These results are discussed in relation to those obtained by other investigators under different experimental conditions.
Cytomegalovirus Infection and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: F. Javier Nieto, Moyses Szklo, Paul D. Sorlie
Journal: Circulation (1999)

To the Editor:We read with great interest the article by Ridker et al 1 reporting no positive association between baseline cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus serum antibodies and incidence of myocardial infarction or stroke in the Physician's Health Study.We agree with the authors that prospective epidemiological data are scarce, and this study fills an important gap.However, we must point out that their citation of our previous study 2 together with other "cross-sectional or retrospective studies" is misleading.Ridker et al state that in these previous studies, "evidence of exposure to these viruses was ascertained after rather than before the development of atherothrombosis." 1 In fact, in our study, antibodies were measured in serum that was collected 13 to 16 years before carotid atherosclerosis was measured, even though this was done "retrospectively."Thus, the temporal relation between exposure and outcome in our historical ("nonconcurrent") cohort study is similar to that in a "concurrent" prospective design.We believe that our finding of a strong association between baseline CMV antibodies and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (in individuals free of clinical disease) is consistent with the speculation by Ridker et al that "herpetic infection might lead to accelerated atherosclerosis progression without necessarily increasing rates of clinical thrombosis." 1 Negative seroepidemiological studies of infections and atherosclerosis may be the result of dilution bias due to nondifferential misclassification.CMV antibodies are poorly correlated with the presence of CMV DNA in atheroma specimens. 3Thus, even though Ridker et al report good repeatability of their antibody measurements, dilution bias cannot be ruled out.Moreover, Ridker et al characterized CMV status as positive/negative, without quantitative titration.CMV antibodies (like atherosclerosis) are highly prevalent in adult populations, and a dichotomous characterization may not be sensitive enough to identify individuals truly at risk.In our study, 2 as well as in other studies, 4 the associations were strongest for high antibody titers, which may indicate frequent reactivations of latent CMV infection.These reactivations may be the culprit in the promotion of atherogenesis.Finally, Ridker et al claim that the homogeneity of their study population (US physicians) reduces the possibility of residual confounding.Although this is probably true, it also limits the generalizability of their results.As discussed elsewhere, 5 CMV and other infections may be atherogenic because of their synergistic effect with other cardiovascular risk factors.A study restricted to a low-risk population may not have the power to detect associations that are present (or stronger) in higher-risk populations.
Comparison of Results of Treatment of Fistula-in-Ano
Authors: Moti Khubchandani
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

The results of treatment of 137 consecutive patients with fistula-in-ano are presented. Sixty-eight were treated by the 'lay-open' technique and 69 by the Parks technique, the two groups being comparable. The results slightly favour the Parks technique.
Effects of Partial Hepatectomy on Carcinogenicity, Metabolism, and Binding to DNA of Ethyl Carbamate2
Authors: A. W. Pound, T. A. Lawson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Effects of Partial Hepatectomy on Carcinogenicity, Metabolism, and Binding to DNA of Ethyl Carbamate Get access A. W. Pound, A. W. Pound Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. A. Lawson T. A. Lawson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 2, August 1974, Pages 423–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.2.423 Published: 01 August 1974 Article history Received: 12 November 1973 Revision received: 20 March 1974 Accepted: 12 April 1974 Published: 01 August 1974
Immunohistochemistry detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exons 19 and 21 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using novel mutation specific antibodies.
Authors: Y. Kato, N. Peled, K. Yoshida, M. W. Wynes, M. Pardo, C. J. Mascaux, M. Tsuboi, T. Ohira, N. Ikeda, F. R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10542 Background: Activating EGFR mutations have become a backbone in the therapy alogrithm for NSCLC as mutations predict significantly better response and survival to EGFR TKIs. The most common EGFR mutations in NSCLC are exon 19 deletions and the exon 21 L858R point mutation. Among the exon 19 deletions, E746-A750 occurs in 61% of cases. In this study we compared novel IHC antibodies for E764-A750 and L858R to direct DNA sequencing in specimens from Japanese patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib. Methods: IHC using the E746-A750 and L858R mutation specific antibodies (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA) was performed on resected NSCLC Japanese patients who were subsequently treated with gefitinib at relapse. Extracted DNA was sequenced for mutational analysis of EGFR exons 18 to 21. Results: DNA sequencing of all 70 patients showed exon 19 deletions in 18 patients (25.7%), 11 had a deletion at E746-A750, exon 20 mutations in 18 patients, exon 21 mutations in 12 (17.1%), and exon 18 mutations in one patient. The mutation specific antibodies detected 9/11 of the E746-A750 mutations (2 false negatives, 0 false positive, sensitivity 81.8%, and specificity 100%) and 9/12 of the L858R point mutations (2 false positives, 3 false negatives, sensitivity 75%, and specificity 96.6%). Objective response rates (ORR) were associated significantly with exon 19 deletions (44.4%, p = 0.006) and with exon 21 mutations (36.4%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The exon 19 and 21 mutation specific antibodies for IHC staining have high sensitivity and specificity for the pre-defined mutations. Such techniques would be very cost-effective for mutation screening in NSCLC. False positives could result from low-sensitivity sequencing, whereas false negative could result from small sample size of TMA relative to tumor size sequenced. For clinical decisions, negative IHC staining may require further EGFR mutation analyses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Spontaneous Endomyometrial Neoplasms in Aging Chinese Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D G Brownstein, A L Brooks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Twenty-one endomyometrial neoplasms among 93 nulliparous noninbred Chinese hamsters were evaluated. The median survival time of the 93 females was 1,040 days. The median age of hamsters with endomyometrial neoplasms was 1,200 days. Neoplasms were classified as carcinoma or malignant mixed müllerian tumors of the endometrium and benign or malignant myometrial neoplasms. There were 13 endometrial adenocarcinomas. Three tumors were mixed adenosquamous carcinomas, which occurred in significantly older Chinese hamsters than did adenocarcinomas. Three malignant mixed müllerian tumors consisted of 2 carcinosarcomas and 1 mixed mesodermal tumor. The 2 myometrial neoplasms were a leiomyoma and a leiomyosarcoma. The classification and relative frequency of these neoplasms were similar to endomyometrial neoplasms of women, which makes Chinese hamsters useful subjects for studies of spontaneous endomyometrial cancers.
Association of HLA phenotype with response to active specific immunotherapy of melanoma.
Authors: M S Mitchell, W Harel, S Groshen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Only a proportion of patients with disseminated melanoma who were immunized successfully with a therapeutic melanoma vaccine (theraccine) had a major clinical response. We investigated whether there was a correlation between their HLA phenotypes and the likelihood of a clinical response.Seventy patients with disseminated melanoma who were treated with melanoma theraccine were HLA-typed serologically. The two melanoma cell lines used in the theraccine also were typed by serology and cDNA probes (for class II). Results were analyzed to see whether any alleles were present or absent in responders consistently.The HLA class I alleles A2 (and the cross-reacting A28), B12 (and its split B44 and B45), and C3 were found to be associated with clinical remission. The effects of these alleles on response were apparent when two or more of the alleles were analyzed together. There was a 38% response rate in those 24 patients with two or three of the alleles compared with 20% in the group as a whole.These data support two distinct possibilities between which we cannot yet distinguish. Responses may be more likely when there is a close match between the HLA molecules in the theraccine and the patients' own molecules. Alternatively, certain types of HLA class I molecules present in the patients may facilitate rejection of autochthonous melanomas by efficiently presenting melanoma-associated antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
Is childhood sexual abuse a risk factor for bulimia nervosa?
Authors: H G Pope, J I Hudson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

It is of considerable theoretical and clinical importance to assess whether childhood sexual abuse is a risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa. The authors reviewed the scientific literature bearing on this issue.Since prospective studies on this question have not been done, they assessed 1) controlled retrospective studies comparing the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among bulimic and control groups, 2) uncontrolled retrospective studies of the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in samples of 10 or more bulimic subjects, and 3) studies of the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in the general population, which were chosen to match as closely as possible in methodology the available studies of bulimia nervosa (i.e., in geographic location, age and ethnicity of subjects, interview method, and criteria for defining childhood sexual abuse).Controlled studies generally did not find that bulimic patients show a significantly higher prevalence of childhood sexual abuse than control groups, especially when allowance is made for possible methodologic effects. Furthermore, neither controlled nor uncontrolled studies of bulimia nervosa found higher rates of childhood sexual abuse than were found in studies of the general population that used comparable methods. When it is taken into consideration that several methodologic factors might have exaggerated the rates of childhood sexual abuse among subjects with bulimia nervosa relative to rates in the general population, the absence of actual observed differences becomes particularly striking.Current evidence does support the hypothesis that childhood sexual abuse is a risk factor for bulimia nervosa.
Evidence for genetic heterogeneity within eight glaucoma families, with the GLC1A Gln368STOP mutation being an important phenotypic modifier11None of the authors has a financial interest relating to this article.
Authors: Jamie E Craig, Paul N Baird, Danielle L Healey, Andrew I McNaught, Paul J McCartney, Julian L Rait, Joanne L Dickinson, Lynne Roe, John H Fingert, Edwin M Stone, David A Mackey
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
Physiological responses to Tai Chi in stable patients with COPD
Authors: H.X. Guo, Z.H. Qiu, N.S. Zhong, M.I. Polkey, Y.M. Luo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The physiological value of Taichi as a useful mode of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD remains poorly understood, especially in comparison with the generally accepted threshold of 60% of maximal load which is considered necessary for pulmonary rehabilitation.  Methods: Taichi exercise and constant treadmill exercise at 60% of maximal load were performed in random order in 11 patients with COPD. Diaphragm EMG and esophageal pressure, oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, respiratory rate were continually measured during exercise. Inspiratory capacity was also measured before and immediately after exercise.  Results: Mean diaphragm EMG and esophageal pressure over the Taichi exercise were similar to those over the treadmill exercise (113±57μV vs 119±56μV for diaphragm EMG and 21.4±7.7 cm H 2 O vs 23.8±7.0 cm H 2 O for esophageal pressure). Tidal volume at the end of exercise after Taichi was significantly higher than that after treadmill walking (1.2±0.5 L vs 1.0±0.3 L) while respiratory frequency at the end of treadmill exercise (30±6 times/m) was higher than that at the end of Taichi (25±4 times/m), although oxygen uptake was not significantlty different between Taichi and treadmill exercise. A fall in inspiratory capacity after treadmill exercise was larger that that after taichi exercise (0.34 vs 0.19 L).  Conclusions: Taichi produced a similar degree of work as constant rate treadmill exercise at 60% of maximal load; but Taichi was characterized by a greater increase in tidal volume less increase in respiratory rate and dynamic hyperinflation. Taichi is useful for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Compliance Rates with the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) Protocol and Disease Reclassification in Noncompliers
Authors: Leonard P. Bokhorst, Arnout R. Alberts, Antti Rannikko, Riccardo Valdagni, Tom Pickles, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Chris H. Bangma, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Transcriptome‐Wide Analysis of Messenger RNA Decay in Normal and Osteoarthritic Human Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Simon R. Tew, Benjamin T. McDermott, Rory B. Fentem, Mandy J. Peffers, Peter D. Clegg
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Messenger RNA (mRNA) decay rates control not only gene expression levels, but also responsiveness to altered transcriptional input. We undertook this study to examine transcriptome‐wide posttranscriptional regulation in both normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular chondrocytes. Methods Human articular chondrocytes were isolated from normal or OA tissue. Equine articular chondrocytes were isolated from young or old horses at a commercial abattoir. RNA decay was measured across the transcriptome in human cells by microarray analysis following an actinomycin D chase. Messenger RNA levels in samples were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Examination of total mRNA expression levels demonstrated significant differences in the expression of transcripts between normal and OA chondrocytes. Interestingly, almost no difference was observed in total mRNA expression between chondrocytes from intact OA cartilage and those from fibrillated OA cartilage. Decay analysis revealed a set of rapidly turned over transcripts associated with transcriptional control and programmed cell death that were common to all chondrocytes and contained binding sites for abundant cartilage microRNAs. Many transcripts exhibited altered mRNA half‐lives in human OA chondrocytes compared to normal cells. Specific transcripts whose decay rates were altered were generally less stable in these pathologic cells. Examination of selected genes in chondrocytes from young and old healthy horses did not identify any change in mRNA turnover. Conclusion This is the first investigation into the “posttranscriptome” of the chondrocyte. It identifies a set of short‐lived chondrocyte mRNAs likely to be highly responsive to altered transcriptional input as well as mRNAs whose decay rates are affected in OA chondrocytes.
Addressing the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Lewis S. Nelson, David N. Juurlink, Jeanmarie Perrone
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 253: The Presence of Coronary Artery Disease Influences Number and Function of Stem Cells in the Bone Marrow
Authors: Evelien Nollet, Dina De Bock, Inez R Rodrigus, Vicky Y Hoymans, Christiaan J Vrints, Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Purpose: Despite the observed therapeutic benefits of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cell transplantation in patients with ischemic heart disease, the efficacy of this approach could be hampered by BM dysfunction. We investigated whether BM cellularity and function is affected by coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods &amp; Results: BM samples were obtained peri-operatively from 26 CAD patients, undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (LVEF 54±16%), and 6 controls, undergoing mitral valve surgery (LVEF 50±12%; age 59±10yrs). CAD patients were stratified according to their Syntax score (mild ≤15, age 61±10yrs; and moderate CAD &gt;15, age 63±8yrs; stratification based on median score), which is used to assess complexity of coronary lesions. In vitro functional analysis of isolated BM-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) revealed a significant impairment of migratory capacity towards SDF-1α and VEGF in patients with moderate CAD (25.71±7.3%) compared to controls (33.82±8.3%; p=0.042) and patients with mild CAD (34.76±7.8%; p=0.007). Hematopoetic stem cells (HSC, CD45dimCD34+SSClow) were reduced in patients with moderate CAD (8178±5530 HSC/106 BM-MNC; p=0.014) and mild CAD (10655±5489 HSC/106 BM-MNC; p=0.054) compared to controls (16220±6126 HSC/106 BM-MNC). An inverse correlation was found between age and the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (r= −0.408; p=0.048), burst forming units erythroid (r= −0.458; p=0.028) and HSC (r=-0.356; p=0.046). Furthermore, our data revealed a relation between reduced renal function (CKD-EPI eGFR, 81.2±19 ml/min) and reduced number of HSC (r=0.480; p=0.011) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC, CD45dimCD34+KDR+; r=0.522; p=0.008). Conclusions: Migratory capacity of BM-MNC and the number of HSC are reduced in patients with CAD, which is more pronounced in more complex CAD. In addition, age and renal function emerge as relevant determinants on BM function and stem cell populations. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account when assessing benefits of autologous stem cell therapy.