tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic fate of radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid in the normal canine heart.
Authors: F C Visser, M J van Eenige, G Westera, W Den Hollander, C M Duwel, E E van der Wall, G A Heidendal, J P Roos
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To clarify the metabolic fate of radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid in myocardium, the time course and distribution of the radioactivity over 131I-heptadecanoic acid, free radioiodide, and various lipids (with incorporated iodoheptadecanoic acid) were determined in normal canine myocardium. In 10 dogs seven biopsy specimens were taken over 30 min after injection of 131I-heptadecanoic acid. The radioactivity in the specimens increased until the fifth minute and decreased thereafter, with a half-time of 36 min. In the fifth minute, 61% of the radioactivity was free iodide, and its curve paralleled the curve of the total radioactivity. As early as the first minute 131I-heptadecanoic acid activity was reduced to 14% and decreased further. Activity of radioiodinated phospholipids, (mono, di, tri)-glycerides, and cholesterol-esters remained constant after an initial increase. These results indicate that immediately after uptake, 131I-heptadecanoic acid is either metabolized, liberating the radioiodide, or stored in lipids. Because the activity of radiolabeled lipids remained constant during the study period and because iodide activity paralleled the total activity in biopsy specimens, it is concluded that in normal myocardium, washout of free radioiodide determines the elimination rate as observed during a scintigraphic study. Thus the elimination rate cannot be related to the beta-oxidation rate as previously supposed.
Tumor‐specific but not nonspecific cell‐free circulating DNA can be used to monitor disease response in lymphoma
Authors: Kimberley Jones, Jamie P. Nourse, Colm Keane, Pauline Crooks, David Gottlieb, David S. Ritchie, Devinder Gill, Maher K. Gandhi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract Recently, nontumor specific circulating DNA was shown to be elevated in a broad range of lymphomas, implicating a role as a potential biomarker. Epstein‐Barr virus' (EBV) presence within a proportion of lymphomas implies EBV‐DNA has potential as a lymphoma‐specific disease response biomarker. However, application would be restricted to EBV‐associated lymphomas. Neither detailed comparison has been performed of lymphoma‐specific versus nonspecific DNA as disease response biomarkers nor have the kinetics of circulating DNA during treatment been established, and the optimal methodology remains unknown. We prospectively evaluated DNA levels and clinical response of 63 lymphoma patients. DNA was measured in paired serum, plasma, and cell samples at five predetermined time‐points taken prior, during and following treatment. Both cell‐free (c‐f) circulating EBV‐DNA (in EBV‐associated lymphoma) and nonspecific c‐f DNA levels (in all lymphomas) were elevated and discriminatory at presentation compared to healthy controls. Nonspecific c‐f DNA was significantly associated with baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase. Within EBV‐associated lymphomas at presentation, there was a strong correlation between specific and nonspecific circulating c‐f DNA ( r = 0.9, P &lt; 0.0001). However, only c‐f EBV‐DNA correlated with clinical/radiological response. In addition, c‐f EBV‐DNA, and not nonspecific c‐f DNA, provided an early marker of relapsed and refractory disease. Serum versus plasma, and single versus multiple‐copy EBV‐gene targets were equivalent. Lymphoma‐specific DNA is a disease response biomarker; however, nonspecific DNA reflected neither lymphoma‐specific DNA nor therapeutic response. Lymphoma disease response can be monitored by blood tests, but new lymphoma‐specific biomarkers need to be identified to broaden applicability. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low level exposure to lead.
Authors: D S Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a major human blood γδ T cell population that respond in a T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent manner to phosphoantigens which are generated by a variety of microorganisms. It is not clear how Vγ9Vδ2 T cells react toward the sudden microbial exposure early after birth. We found that human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with a public/shared fetal-derived TCR repertoire expanded within 10 wk postpartum. Such an expansion was not observed in non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which possessed a private TCR repertoire. Furthermore, only the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells differentiated into potent cytotoxic effector cells by 10 wk of age, despite their fetal origin. Both the expansion of public fetal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and their functional differentiation were not affected by newborn vaccination with the phosphoantigen-containing bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine. These findings suggest a strong and early priming of the public fetal-derived Vγ9Vδ2 T cells promptly after birth, likely upon environmental phosphoantigen exposure.
Changing genes; losing lactase
Authors: R J Grand
Journal: Gut (2003)

Transcriptional regulation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase ( LPH ) gene by polymorphisms is associated with persistence of high levels of intestinal lactase activity or non-persistence

Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase ( LPH ), an intestinal microvillus membrane enzyme that hydrolyses lactose, is a critical enzyme for neonatal nutrition. The developmental pattern of lactase expression in the human fetus is distinct from that of similar digestive enzymes. Before week 24 of gestation, intestinal lactase activity is low. It then begins to increase, and during the third trimester lactase activity increases markedly until levels in term neonates are at or above those of infants aged 2–11 months.1 Lactase exhibits a characteristic proximal to distal pattern of expression in the small intestine; enzyme activity is greatest in the mid- jejunum, with decreasing activity both proximally and distally, resulting in minimal activity in the proximal duodenum and the terminal ileum.2

In most human populations, lactase activity decreases during mid-childhood (about five years of age), resulting in low levels from that age onwards. This pattern is similar to that seen in all other mammals examined, with a reduction in intestinal lactase activity at weaning to a fraction of that found in the suckling newborn. In striking contrast, a minority of the human population, especially people of Northern European extraction and a few other racial groups, retain high levels of activity throughout adult life.3 Persistence of elevated lactase activity is thought to be a relatively recent human evolutionary development, arising within the last 10 000 years, coincident with the development of dairying.4 A small number of subjects with lactase non-persistence have been demonstrated to have an abnormality in the intracellular processing of newly synthesised LPH protein, indicating post-transcriptional control of non-persistence.5 However, it is now clear that in humans, as in all mammals studied, the primary mechanism of …
Sympathetic Ophthalmia: A Historical Correction
Authors: J. V. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1875)

In two hours after I left her, and six hours after the removal of the placenta, she again complained of pains, and I was again sent for.On * This patient had to undergo several operations before his eyes were ren.dered serviceable and his face presentable.Left eye: i. Artificial pupil; 2. Con- junctival transplantation from rabbit.Right eye: I. Paracentesis for onyx ande hypopion; 2. Skin-grafting on upper eyelid; 3. Plastic operation on lower eyelid..All these operations were done without chloroform.
Value of the Dundee coronary risk-disk.
Authors: G. P. Edlin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

proportion (55/932) of all cases of cerebral palsy in that period.The aetiology of cerebral palsy in low birthweight infants in multiple births is probably similar to that in singletons.In a few cases a cotwin died antenatally, with resulting brain damage in the surviving twin.This is seen in our data and has been known for many years.2As rates of multiple births are rising it is important to keep monitoring the rates of cerebral palsy in these births.We agree with Judith Glynn and David Leon's comments.It is impossible from our epidemio- logical data to ascertain when brain damage occurred.We agree that in infants of 1500 g who develop cerebral palsy the sequence could have started antenatally, perinatally, or postnatally and the epidemiological picture would be similar.We recently reviewed this.3In normal birthweight infants it is also likely that there has been a shift from deaths to survivors with cerebral palsy, and possibly from survivors with cerebral palsy to non-handicapped survivors.We still believe that our data, in conjunction with other data to which we referred in our paper, can be interpreted as suggesting that birth asphyxia is not the main cause of cerebral palsy.
Neurological examination of critically ill patients: a pragmatic approach. Report of an ESICM expert panel
Authors: Tarek Sharshar, Giuseppe Citerio, Peter J. D. Andrews, Arturo Chieregato, Nicola Latronico, David K. Menon, Louis Puybasset, Claudio Sandroni, Robert D. Stevens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
CABG Surgical Mortality in Different Centers-Reply
Authors: Gerald T. O'Connor
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Drs McDonald and Fitzgerald correctly note that published rates of mortality from regional studies and those from selected centers may vary widely. Because of a number of biases, these comparisons may not be appropriate; however, they may also represent actual differences in currently unmeasured aspects of medical or surgical care. There are, of course, also substantial variations in outcomes within a geographic region. We believe that there are two important consequences of these variations.  First, careful study of the fine structure of the processes of care across institutions may provide clues to the origin of this variability. These factors must be elucidated if we are to know enough to improve the outcomes of medical and surgical care.  Second, decisions to initiate medical or surgical treatment, or analyses that model these decisions, must be context sensitive. They must take into account patient, disease, and treatment variables. These treatment variables
470 Psychiatric events during peginterferon and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC): results of a prospective study in 98 patients
Authors: L. Castera, A. Constant, C. Henry, P. Champenoit, G. Sauve, V. de Ledinghen, P.H. Bernard, J. Foucher, J. Demotes-Mainard, P. Couzigou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Renal impairment and gout.
Authors: T Gibson, J Highton, C Potter, H A Simmonds
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

A study of renal function of 51 patients with gout and an equal number of normouricaemic controls revealed significant differences. A relative impairment of the glomerular filtration rate and urine concentrating ability in the gouty subjects could not be wholly explained on the basis of aging or hypertension. Renal dysfunction was generally mild and was not associated with specific clinical characteristics higher levels of uric acid excretion, or hypertriglyceridaemia. Gout patients excreted urine with a significantly lower pH. This was associated with a relatively high excretion of titratable acid and a deficit of ammonium excretion, which was accentuated by ingestion of an acid load. Urate clearance was significantly reduced in gout, even when expressed as a fraction of the glomerular filtration rate.
HOW CAN WE INCREASE THE THERAPEUTIC RELIABILITY OF MEDICINAL AGENTS?
Authors: E. MARK HOUGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

"Without pharmacologic knowledge, the application of remedies must ever be attended with the greatest uncertainty." As a pure science, pharmacology has taken rapid strides during the past few years; but to the physician, by elucidating the manner in which the functions of the various organs of the body may be influenced by the therapeutic agents at his disposal, it has given the greatest gain. Empiricism is disappearing, and ultimately we shall realize the hope of the centuries and medicine may justly claim a position among the exact sciences. It is not my purpose to show what pharmacology has done in the past, but to call attention to some of the ways in which the science may be of still further service in the future. A physician may be ever so well versed in therapeutics, but if his prescriptions are filled with inert drugs, or drugs varying in strength, his efforts
Enhanced release of neutrophil extracellular traps from peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Garyfalia Papadaki, Christiana Choulaki, Ioannis Mitroulis, Panayotis Verginis, Argyro Repa, Amalia Raptopoulou, Dimitrios Boumpas, Prodromos Sidiropoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background/objectives</h3> Neutrophils are the most abundant cell type identified in joints from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a key role in inflammation and cartilage damage. Activated neutrophils may form extracellular traps (NETs), with potent pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory activity. The authors sought to assess the role of NET release in RA pathogenesis. <h3>Materials/methods</h3> Peripheral blood neutrophils from RA patients (n=3) (DAS28&gt;5.1) and control subjects (n=7) were isolated. NET formation from RA neutrophils and control neutrophils treated with RA serum (n=7) or synovial fluid (n=2) was assessed by immunofluoresence microscopy, using co-staining with myeloperoxidase and DAPI. The percentage of NET releasing cells was determined by examining 200 cells per sample in a double blind fashion. Time course experiments revealed optimal NET release at 3 h. <h3>Results</h3> Freshly isolated RA neutrophils underwent spontaneous NET release at higher rates compared to normal controls (11.67±2.1% vs 3.21±0.9%, p&lt;0.05). Treatment of control neutrophils with RA serum increased NET release compared to cells treated with normal serum (16±2.5%, p&lt;0.005). Increased NET formation (approximately 3-fold induction) was observed in control neutrophils incubated with RA synovial fluid. Inhibition studies in progress address the impact of inflammatory cytokines and/or immune complexes in NET production as well as the impact of NETs on dendritic and T cell activation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Neutrophil activation in RA is associated with enhanced NET formation, driven by soluble factors found in RA sera and synovial fluid. Whether NETs are involved in the cross-talk between neutrophils and adaptive immune responses in RA is under investigation.
Sartre und die Grundlagen der modernen Soziotherapie
Authors: E.A.D.E. Carp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1969)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Sartre und die Grundlagen der modernen Soziotherapie Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology E.A.D.E. Carp E.A.D.E. Carp Leiden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1969) 17 (2): 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286019 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation E.A.D.E. Carp; Sartre und die Grundlagen der modernen Soziotherapie. Psychother Psychosom 1 February 1969; 17 (2): 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286019 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1969Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
O10.09 * REDUCTION IN NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO DURING INITIAL CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IS PROGNOSTIC FOR SURVIVAL OF GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: M. T. Mason, M. G. McNamara, M. T. Tieu, Z. Lwin, B. A. Millar, C. Menard, N. Laperriere, M. Milosevic, W. P. Mason, C. Chung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Elevated baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with poorer outcome in multiple tumour sites. In the context of glioblastoma (GBM), elevated NLR prior to any initial therapy, including surgery or corticosteroids, or prior to second surgery for recurrent disease predicted worse outcome. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess if change in NLR during initial focal radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) predicted outcome in newly diagnosed GBM patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients treated concurrently with TMZ and RT, at our tertiary referral centre between Jan 2004 and Sept 2010, for histologically confirmed GBM. Age, baseline ECOG performance status (ECOG-PS) and extent of surgery were recorded. Baseline NLR, change in NLR, and time-weighted mean dexamethasone dose (TWMdex) were collected between 2 weeks prior to commencing RT and 10 weeks following the start of RT. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan Meier method. Univariate (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) analyses using cox proportional hazard models evaluated variables associated with OS, accounting for colinearity of variables. RESULTS: There were 394 patients who met eligibility and were included in the final analysis. Median age was 54 (range 18-73). With median follow up of 15.2 months (range 1.6-134.6), OS was 66.4% (CI 61.4-70.7) and 31.1% (CI 26.5-35.8) at 1 and 2 years respectively. Median baseline dexamethasone dose was 8 mg (0-30 mg) and median TWMdex dose was 4.94 mg (0.0 -27.4 mg). On UVA, older age (HR 1.034, p <0.0001) and ECOG-PS>2 (HR 1.076, p < 0.001) were associated with shorter survival whereas baseline NLR below the median of 7.5 (HR 0.628, p < 0.0001) and decrease in NLR during treatment (HR 0.644, p < 0.0001) were associated with better survival. On MVA, decrease in NLR remained significantly prognostic for OS (HR 0.763, p = 0.02; CI 0.603 - 0.964) in addition to age (HR 1.032, p < 0.001; CI 1.018-1.045), TWMdex (HR 1.039, p = 0.002; CI 1.014-1.065) and ECOG-PS (HR 0.593, p = 0.008; CI 0.430-0.873). Although, baseline NLR was no longer statistically significant (HR 0.814, p = 0.09; CI 0.641 - 1.032), patients with low baseline NLR and further reduction in NLR during treatment had significantly longer survival (p < 0.0001). The association between change in NLR and change in dexamethasone dose over time was weak (r = 0.22). CONCLUSION: In patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, any reduction in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio during initial concurrent chemoradiotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for longer survival, accounting for other prognostic factors including dexamethasone dose. Patients with low baseline NLR and further reduction in NLR during treatment had the best prognosis.
ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE γ-GLOBULIN GENES OF THE G<scp>M</scp> SYSTEM
Authors: Lars Mårtensson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Gm types of sera from Caucasians and Negroes, of myeloma globulins, and of specific antibodies were investigated. In particular the relationship between the recently identified gene Gmf and other Gm genes was analyzed. 1. Caucasians were, with rare exceptions, either Gm(b+f+) or Gm(b-f-). 2. In Negroes, on the other band, type Gm(b+f-) was found to be common. 3. No myeloma globulins appeared to contain the product of more than 1 of the 3 genes Gma, Gmb, and Gmf, even though the large majority of normal individuals, as well as myeloma patients, possess 2 or all 3 of these genes. 4. The types Gm(a+b-f-) and Gm(a-b-f+) represented the 2 major groups among the γ2-myeloma globulins; each comprised roughly 40 per cent. The types Gm(a- b+f-) and Gm(a-b-f-) are minor groups. 5. All Gm(x+) myeloma globulins were also Gm(a+). Approximately half of the Gm(a+) myeloma globulins were Gm(x+). 6. In the majority, but not in all, of Gm(a+) sera the anti-Rh antibodies were clearly Gm(a+). Similarly, the anti-Rh antibodies of Gm(f+) sera were most often, but not always, also Gm(f+). In contrast, only a minor proportion of Gm(b+) anti-Rh sera sensitized red cells to anti-Gm(b).
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in the Children and Young Adults of Leadville, Colorado
Authors: C. H. Scoggin, T. M. Hyers, J. T. Reeves, R. F. Grover
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

High-altitude pulmonary edema is an unusual form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that develops in a few persons with acute exposure to altitudes above 2700 meters. Although its occurrence in North America has been documented in scattered case reports involving persons from low altitudes who ascend to high altitude for mountaineering and skiing,1 2 3 4 5 6 its occurrence among populations residing at high altitude in North America has not been detailed. However, physicians in Leadville, Colorado, the highest permanent community in North America, have for many years observed acute pulmonary edema in residents who returned to Leadville after a visit to low altitude.Leadville . . .