tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Worrisome trends in incidence and mortality of candidemia in intensive care units (Paris area, 2002–2010)
Authors: Olivier Lortholary, Charlotte Renaudat, Karine Sitbon, Yoann Madec, Lise Denoeud-Ndam, Michel Wolff, Arnaud Fontanet, Stéphane Bretagne, Françoise Dromer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)

To analyze trends in incidence and mortality of candidemia in intensive care units (ICUs) vs. non-ICU hospitalized patients and to determine risk factors for infection by specific species and for death. Active hospital-based surveillance program of incident episodes of candidemia due to common species in 24 tertiary care hospitals in the Paris area, France between October 2002 and September 2010. Among 2,507 adult cases included, 2,571 Candida isolates were collected and species were C. albicans (56 %), C. glabrata (18.6 %), C. parapsilosis (11.5 %), C. tropicalis (9.3 %), C. krusei (2.9 %), and C. kefyr (1.8 %). Candidemia occurred in ICU in 1,206 patients (48.1 %). When comparing ICU vs. non-ICU patients, the former had significantly more frequent surgery during the past 30 days, were more often preexposed to fluconazole and treated with echinocandin, and were less frequently infected with C. parapsilosis. Risk factors and age remained unchanged during the study period. A significant increased incidence in the overall population and ICU was found. The odds of being infected with a given species in ICU was influenced by risk factors and preexposure to fluconazole and caspofungin. Echinocandins initial therapy increased over time in ICU (4.6 % first year of study, to 48.5 % last year of study, p < 0.0001). ICU patients had a higher day-30 death rate than non-ICU patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.12; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.66–2.72; p < 0.0001). The day-30 and early (<day 8) death rates increased over time in ICU (from 41.5 % the first to 56.9 % the last year of study (p = 0.001) and 28.7–38.8 % (p = 0.0292), respectively). Independent risk factors for day-30 death in ICU were age, arterial catheter, Candida species, preexposure to caspofungin, and lack of antifungal therapy at the time of blood cultures results (p < 0.05). The availability of new antifungals and the publication of numerous guidelines did not prevent an increase of candidemia and death in ICU patients in the Paris area.
Sublingual immunotherapy: efficacy – methodology and outcome of clinical trials
Authors: H.‐J. Malling
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Using Medline we identified 39 placebo‐controlled, double‐blind sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) studies providing symptom–medication score. These were retrospectively evaluated for evidence of clinical efficacy and quality of study presentation. Clinical efficacy was estimated according to statistical significance and graded as: unequivocal efficacy (statistically significant difference from placebo in both symptom and medication scores or the combined score), which was observed in 28% of studies, possible efficacy (significant improvement in either symptom or medication scores) seen in 33%, and no efficacy (no statistical difference between active treatment and the placebo group), as found in 38% of studies. Generally, studies were limited by the number of patients, showed a high frequency of withdrawals, a short duration of treatment, and insufficient data on randomization. The magnitude of efficacy additional to placebo treatment must be &gt;20% in order to justify the treatment. This review concludes that future SLIT studies should be planned in accordance with international recommendations in order to be conclusive.
Numeric Alterations in Chromosomes 7 and 8 Detected by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization Correlate with High-Grade Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Miguel A. Barranco, Antonio Alcaraz, Juan M. Corral, Manel Sol&eacute;, Carmen Mallofr&eacute;, Juan Llopis, Alfredo Rodr&iacute;guez, Mar&iacute;a J. Ribal, Ricardo &Aacute;lvarez-Vijande, Pablo Carretero
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Normative values for exhaled breath condensate pH and its relationship to exhaled nitric oxide in healthy African Americans
Authors: David W. Hauswirth, John S. Sundy, Sabrena Mervin-Blake, Carolyn A. Fernandez, Kistie B. Patch, Katie M. Alexander, Sallie Allgood, Patrice D. McNair, Marc C. Levesque
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Symposium on Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Donald Tindall, Frances McFarland Horne, Andrew Hruszkewycz, Suresh Mohla, Marc Shuman, Zhou Wang, Philip Kantoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The Symposium on Androgen Acton in Prostate Cancer, held in Keystone, Colorado, March 4–6, 2004, was the organizational initiative of the investigators of the Specialized Programs of Research Excellence in Prostate Cancer. The Organ Systems Branch and the Division of Cancer Biology of the National
Reply to Eleftheriadis and Kotzampassi
Authors: S. P. Misra
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

See also: Prevalence and Factors Influencing Hemorrhoids, Anorectal Varices, and Colopathy in Patients with Portal HypertensionEndoscopy 1996; 28(04): 340-345DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005477
Don't Be a Litter-Bug: Dispose of Health Appropriately
Authors: Naomi Bluestone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Ironic, is it not, that people seem to blur the distinctions between health and disease so severely that the concepts have come to be used interchangeably, in fact, synonymously? This despite the obvious reality that health is the opposite of disease, and the one is menaced in direct proportion to the presence of the other? Yet "medical care" delivered in neighborhood family "health-care" centers seems distinguishable from "health care" dispensed in medical-school clinics only by the semantic orientation of the management.The founding fathers set a dubious precedent when they gave us leave to pursue life, liberty and happiness without . . .
Clinical Usefulness, Angiographic Characteristics, and Safety Evaluation of Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing Among 921 Consecutive White Patients With Unobstructed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Peter Ong, Anastasios Athanasiadis, Gabor Borgulya, Ismail Vokshi, Rachel Bastiaenen, Sebastian Kubik, Stephan Hill, Tim Schäufele, Heiko Mahrholdt, Juan Carlos Kaski, Udo Sechtem
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Coronary spasm can cause myocardial ischemia and angina in patients with and those without obstructive coronary artery disease. However, provocation tests using intracoronary acetylcholine administration are rarely performed in clinical routine in the United States and Europe. Thus, we assessed the clinical usefulness, angiographic characteristics, and safety of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing in white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries. Methods and Results— From September 2007 to June 2010, a total of 921 consecutive patients (362 men, mean age 62±12years) who underwent diagnostic angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia and were found to have unobstructed coronary arteries (no stenosis ≥50%) were enrolled. The intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing was performed directly after angiography according to a standardized protocol. Three hundred forty-six patients (35%) reported chest pain at rest, 222 (22%) reported chest pain on exertion, 238 (24%) reported a combination of effort and resting chest pain, and 41 (4%) presented with troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome. The overall frequency of epicardial spasm (&gt;75% diameter reduction with angina and ischemic ECG shifts) was 33.4%, and the overall frequency of microvascular spasm (angina and ischemic ECG shifts without epicardial spasm) was 24.2%. Epicardial spasm was most often diffuse and located in the distal coronary segments ( P &lt;0.01). No fatal or irreversible nonfatal complications occurred. However, 9 patients (1%) had minor complications (nonsustained ventricular tachycardia [n=1], fast paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [n=1], symptomatic bradycardia [n=6], and catheter-induced spasm [n=1]). Conclusions— Epicardial and microvascular spasm are frequently found in white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm is most often diffuse and located in the distal coronary segments. The intracoronary acetylcholine provocation test is a safe technique to assess coronary vasomotor function.
In Defense of Farr and Nightingale
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 December 1996In Defense of Farr and NightingaleLisa I. Iezzoni, MDLisa I. Iezzoni, MDBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I thank Drs. Vandenbroucke and Vandenbroucke-Grauls for their provocative letter. It underscores why I wrote the article, calling it "a cautionary tale." Faced with varying methodologic options, perhaps all legitimate within their own contexts, it becomes critically important to open black boxes and look inside-to understand what was done and its implications. Otherwise, misconceptions can arise.Context is critical. Drs. Vandenbroucke and Vandenbroucke-Grauls adopt a classic epidemiologic perspective, in which exposure per unit of time is the fundamental quantity that informs inferences. In that context, their assertions are reasonable. My comments were framed within the current enthusiasm for ...REFERENCE1. Bristowe JS. Hospital Mortality. Medical Times and Gazette. 30 April 1864:492. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lisa I. Iezzoni, MDAffiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFlorence Nightingale, William Farr and Competing RisksRisk of Suicide in Juvenile Justice Facilities 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1014KeywordsCoronary arteriesDeath ratesEpidemiologyHospitalizationsInfarctionMortalityMyocardial infarctionSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PSYCHIATRIC STUDY OF A MASS MURDERER
Authors: JAMES A. V. GALVIN, JOHN M. MACDONALD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Careful examination including review of the psychological test data failed in our opinion to reveal evidence of psychosis. The diagnosis of sociopathic personality was based upon the history of poor social adjustment, intolerance of frustration and discipline, antisocial behavior, nomadism, poor work record, egocentricity and lack of judgment together with the findings upon examination. His statement that he had faked insanity on his second admission to hospital and the absence of amnesia for this episode do not exclude a diagnosis of Ganser syndrome. It was our opinion, however, that the symptoms were consciously determined. On his first admission, limited attempts at simulation were seen in his responses on the projective tests and also in his claim of previous electroshock therapy. Due to lack of space, this report does not include all the findings of our examinations during the 44 days the patient was in hospital The psychological tests will be reported later in a psychological journal.
The mysterious Weber's test
Authors: M W Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I had suddenly become deaf in one ear. The first thing to pass through the mind of a neurologist who has suddenly become deaf is the possibility of a nasty tumour at the cerebellopontine angle. Close on the heels of this unwanted thought, however, was the much more reassuring realisation that this was almost certainly a recurrence of an ongoing problem with build-up of wax that I had just let go too long.

There was one quick way to make sure. Many neurological tests—such as those assessing power or tone—are essentially impossible to perform on oneself. Eliciting your own reflexes is …
Depletion of autoreactive immunologic memory followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory SLE induces long-term remission through de novo generation of a juvenile and tolerant immune system
Authors: Tobias Alexander, Andreas Thiel, Oliver Rosen, Gero Massenkeil, Arne Sattler, Siegfried Kohler, Henrik Mei, Hartmut Radtke, Erika Gromnica-Ihle, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester, Renate Arnold, Andreas Radbruch, Falk Hiepe
Journal: Blood (2008)
Interaction of canine carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreflexes in the control of total peripheral resistance.
Authors: M J Brunner, A S Greene, C H Kallman, A A Shoukas
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Interaction of carotid sinus and aortic arch reflex control of total peripheral resistance was studied in eight dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and placed on constant flow cardiac bypass. Carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor areas were isolated and separately perfused at controlled pressures. Combinations of carotid sinus and aortic arch pressures were delivered at random in steps of 25 mm Hg over the 50-225 mm Hg pressure range, and systemic arterial pressure was measured. Changes in arterial pressure reflected changes in total peripheral resistance. A multiple linear regression showed that both carotid sinus and aortic arch pressures exhibited a sigmoidal relationship with arterial pressure. Independent of carotid and aortic baroreceptor pressures, arterial pressure was found to be a periodic function of time (period = 2 hours) in all dogs. The average carotid sinus reflex open loop gain was found to be 0.231 +/- 0.092, while average aortic arch open loop gain was 0.141 +/- 0.088. The gain of either the carotid sinus or aortic arch reflex was not influenced by the absolute pressure level of the other receptor area. In a separate series of experiments performed in the same dogs, we tested the hypothesis that a nonlinear temporal summation of the reflex control of total peripheral resistance might exist when the inputs to carotid and aortic baroreceptors are changed simultaneously. With both inputs held at the region of maximum gain, 25 mm Hg step changes were imposed first on carotid sinus pressure, then on aortic arch pressure, and then on both simultaneously. A temporal inhibition of the two reflexes showed that simultaneous excitation of both receptors resulted in a smaller reflex response than the sum of individual responses.
Chemokine receptor expression on allergen-specific T cells in asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: G. Garcia, M. Humbert, F. Capel, A. C. Rimaniol, P. Escourrou, D. Emilie, V. Godot
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare variant of severe asthma resulting from hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp f) present in the airways. Aims of the study: We analyzed the expression of a panel of six chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR4, CCR8, CCR5, CXCR3 and CXCR4) on total blood CD4 + T cells and Asp f‐specific‐T cells in ABPA patients. We hypothesized that chemokine receptor pattern on T cells differs between ABPA patients, non‐ABPA allergic asthmatics sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) or Phleum pratense (Phl p) and healthy controls. Methods: We used the fluorescent dye PKH26, a membrane bound marker, to identify accumulated proliferating (cell‐sorted PKH26 low ) CD4 + T cells in response to allergens (Asp f, Der p, Phl p) or recall antigens (PPD and TT). Chemokine receptor expression was analyzed by flow cytometry on proliferating CD3 + CD4 + PKH26 low cells. Results: Stimulation of CD4 + T cells with the relevant allergen resulted in different patterns of chemokine receptor expression in ABPA and non‐ABPA allergic asthmatics. Upon Asp f exposure, proliferating CD4 + T cells from ABPA patients down‐regulated the expression of CCR4 and CXCR3 while CCR4 and CXCR3 were up‐regulated in allergen‐specific T cells from non‐ABPA allergic asthmatics. Considering each group of patients, the pattern of chemokine receptors expressed on proliferating allergen‐specific CD4 + T cells was similar to that expressed by recall antigen‐specific T cells. Conclusions: The down‐regulation of CCR4 and CXCR3 after allergen exposure in Asp f‐specific T cells seems to be a characteristic feature of ABPA patients and requires further evaluation.
Reversible ventricular dysfunction <i>takotsubo</i> cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshihiro J. Akashi, Haruki Musha, Keisuke Kida, Kae Itoh, Koji Inoue, Kensuke Kawasaki, Nobuyuki Hashimoto, Fumihiko Miyake
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Bunk Beds and the Person With Epilepsy
Authors: William L. Brannon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent editorial in another journal, Masland<sup>1</sup>addressed the physician's responsibility to counsel persons with epilepsy about driving. Most of us also usually advise against other activities that may be particularly dangerous for the epileptic, such as swimming alone, climbing high ladders, or operating certain kinds of machinery. We have recently become aware of a patient who died of a head injury after falling from a top bunk bed during a seizure. The case illustrates the potential hazards of bunk beds for the patient with nocturnal seizures, hazards probably rarely considered by most physicians. Bunk beds are an old staple of dormitories and barracks and are becoming increasingly popular for children in the home. Since many patients, particularly in the pediatric and adolescent age groups, may have their convulsive seizures only during sleep, falls from bed may be a particularly important hazard. We recommend including the
Rescue boards are set up in England to deal with "significant deterioration" in A&amp;E departments
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

NHS England has announced steps to tackle rising pressure on hospitals’ accident and emergency departments that has sparked anxiety among regulators and ministers.

It has set up a national support plan with Monitor, the economic regulator of the NHS, and the NHS Trust Development Authority, which provides support and leadership to NHS trusts. The plan requires local urgent care boards to be formed to ensure that “recovery and improvement plans” are in place for each hospital accident and emergency department by 31 May.

The boards, led by NHS England area teams, will work with clinical commissioning groups, hospitals, and local authorities to meet demand, fix problems, and improve performance against national targets. They will also examine the quality of ambulance services, the NHS 111 urgent helpline service, and out of hours services and the effectiveness of primary and community care services.

NHS England said on 9 May that the performance of hospital emergency departments had “deteriorated …
Lung parenchyma-derived IL-6 promotes IL-17A–dependent acute lung injury after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Antiopi Varelias, Kate H. Gartlan, Ellen Kreijveld, Stuart D. Olver, Mary Lor, Rachel D. Kuns, Katie E. Lineburg, Bianca E. Teal, Neil C. Raffelt, Melody Cheong, Kylie A. Alexander, Motoko Koyama, Kate A. Markey, Elise Sturgeon, Justine Leach, Pavan Reddy, Glen A. Kennedy, Gregory A. Yanik, Bruce R. Blazar, Siok-Keen Tey, Andrew D. Clouston, Kelli P. A. MacDonald, Kenneth R. Cooke, Geoffrey R. Hill
Journal: Blood (2015)
STATE REGISTRATION OF NURSES
Authors: H. Manley
Journal: BMJ (1906)

<h3>Background</h3> Worrying changes in life expectancy trends have been observed recently in the UK, largely attributed to austerity policies introduced over the last decade. To incorporate changes to quality, rather than just length of, life, our aim was to describe trends in healthy life expectancy (HLE) for the relevant period. <h3>Methods</h3> In the absence of available long-term trends, we calculated new estimates of HLE for Scotland for the period 1995–2019, using standard HLE methodologies based on mortality and national survey data, and stratified by sex and socioeconomic deprivation. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, male and female HLE increased markedly between 1995 and 2009, but then decreased by approximately 2 years between 2011 and 2019. A decline was observed for the most and least deprived groups, but this was larger for those living in the 20% most deprived areas, where the decrease was 3.5 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings are further evidence of changing levels of pre-pandemic population health in the UK. An increasing body of UK and international evidence have attributed these changes to UK Government austerity policies. There is an urgent need, therefore, to reverse cuts to social security and protect the income and health of the poorest across all of the UK.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Future avenue
Authors: GianCarlo Viberti, Jeannie Yip-Messent, Anna Morocutti
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Diabetes mellitus has become the leading cause of ESRF in the United States. Patients with diabetic nephropathy suffer high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because only 40% of diabetic patients eventually develop diabetic kidney disease, it may be possible to devise primary prevention measures targeted at the subset of patients at risk. Recently, a predisposition to hypertension, a family history of diabetic nephropathy, and a family history of CVD disease each have been associated independently with the development of diabetic renal complication in IDDM. Risk factors for macrovascular damage, including raised arterial BP, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, can be detected early in the course of progression to diabetic nephropathy. These risk indicators recently have been shown to be already present at the stage of normoalbuminuria in those patients who eventually will progress to microalbuminuria. Treatment of established renal disease can only delay the onset of ESRF, and lowering of microalbuminuria has been shown to retard the onset of persistent proteinuria. However, no study to date has demonstrated prevention of renal disease in these patients. The ultimate aim should, therefore, be the prevention of the transition from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria in individuals who are at higher risk of diabetic renal disease and CVD.
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: D. Roger Illingworth
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Drs Newman and Hulley 1 review data from preclinical studies with lipid-lowering drugs, particularly fibrates and hydroxymethylglutaryl—coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, and conclude that use of these drugs should be avoided except in patients at high short-term risk of CHD. However, the dose of gemfibrozil that produced hepatic adenomas was 10 mg/kg of body weight per day, whereas for lovastatin, hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas were induced at a dose of 312 mg/kg per day but not at 62.5 mg/kg per day. Use of the area under the curve (AUC) is misleading because it provides no information on hepatic concentrations that, if the drugs are potentially hepatotoxic, would have more relevance than the AUC. In the absence of data on hepatic concentrations, I believe the dose expressed in milligrams per kiligrams of body weight per day is more reliable to assess potential toxicity than the AUC.  Gemfibrozil is
Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Private hospital in Singapore took effective control measures
Authors: S C Yeoh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) is characterised by efficient nosocomial transmission. Several outbreaks have originated in hospitals, with an attack rate of 56%.1 In Singapore the Tan Tock Seng Hospital was sequestered for patients with SARS, but the coronavirus spread to five hospitals and two specialty centres in eight weeks.2 3 Many chronically ill patients presented atypically,4 whereas others, admitted as emergencies, required resuscitation and …