tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Association of HLA–DRB1*01 With IgA Vasculitis (Henoch‐Schönlein)
Authors: Raquel López‐Mejías, Fernanda Genre, Belén Sevilla Pérez, Santos Castañeda, Norberto Ortego‐Centeno, Javier Llorca, Begoña Ubilla, Sara Remuzgo‐Martínez, Verónica Mijares, Trinitario Pina, Vanesa Calvo‐Río, Ana Márquez, Luis Sala‐Icardo, José A. Miranda‐Filloy, Marta Conde‐Jaldón, Lourdes Ortiz‐Fernández, Esteban Rubio, Manuel León Luque, Juan M. Blanco‐Madrigal, Eva Galíndez‐Aguirregoikoa, M. Carmen González‐Vela, J. Gonzalo Ocejo‐Vinyals, Francisca González Escribano, Javier Martín, Ricardo Blanco, Miguel A. González‐Gay
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective IgA vasculitis (Henoch‐Schönlein) (IgAV), formerly called Henoch‐Schönlein purpura, is the most common vasculitis in children, but it is not rare in adults. Increased familial occurrence supports a genetic predisposition to IgAV. In this context, an association with the HLA–DRB1*01 phenotype has been suggested in Caucasian individuals with IgAV. However, data on the potential association of IgAV with HLA–DRB1*01 were based on small case series. We undertook this study to further investigate this potential association by performing HLA–DRB1 genotyping in the largest series of IgAV patients ever assessed for genetic studies in Caucasians. Methods We assessed 342 Spanish patients with IgAV as well as 303 controls matched for sex and ethnicity. IgAV patients were required to fulfill the classification criteria described by Michel et al as well as the American College of Rheumatology 1990 classification criteria. HLA–DRB1 alleles were determined using the polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe method. Results We found a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the HLA–DRB1*01 phenotype in IgAV patients compared with controls (43% versus 27%; P &lt; 0.001) (odds ratio 2.03 [95% confidence interval 1.43–2.87]). This was due to the increased frequency of the HLA–DRB1*0103 allele in IgAV patients compared with controls (14.3% versus 2.0%; P &lt; 0.001) (odds ratio 8.27 [95% confidence interval 3.46–23.9]). These results remained statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustment. In contrast, a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of the HLA–DRB1*03 phenotype, due to the presence of the HLA–DRB1*0301 allele, was observed in IgAV patients compared with controls (5.6% versus 18.2%; P &lt; 0.001) (odds ratio 0.26 [95% confidence interval 0.14–0.47]), even after Bonferroni adjustment. No association of HLA–DRB1 with specific features of the disease was found. Conclusion Our study confirms an association of IgAV with HLA–DRB1*01 in Caucasians. There also appears to be a protective effect against the development of IgAV in Caucasians carrying the HLA–DRB1*03 phenotype.
Preparation and study of fragments of single rabbit nephrons.
Authors: M B Burg, J Grantham, M Abramow, J Orloff, J A Schafer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 8(4):p 675-683, April 1997. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V84675
Reliability and Validity of Four Alternative Definitions of Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mario Maj, Raffaele Pirozzi, Anna Maria Rosa Formicola, Alfonso Tortorella
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

This study tested the reliability and validity of four definitions of rapid cycling.Two trained psychiatrists, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, independently assessed 210 patients with bipolar disorder. They checked whether each patient met four definitions of rapid cycling: one consistent with DSM-IV criteria, one waiving criteria for duration of affective episodes, one waiving such criteria and requiring at least one switch from mania to depression or vice versa during the reference year, and one waiving duration criteria and requiring at least 8 weeks of fully symptomatic affective illness during the reference year. The interrater reliability was calculated by Cohen's kappa statistic. Patients who met each definition according to both psychiatrists were compared to those who did not meet any definition (nonrapid-cycling group) on demographic and clinical variables. All patients were followed up for 1 year.Kappa values were 0.93, 0.73, 0.75, and 0.80, respectively, for the four definitions of rapid cycling. The groups meeting the second and third definitions included significantly more female and bipolar II patients than did the nonrapid-cycling group. Those two groups also had the lowest proportion of patients with a favorable lithium prophylaxis outcome and the highest stability of the rapid-cycling pattern on follow-up. The four groups of rapid-cycling patients did not differ significantly among themselves on any of the assessed variables.The expression "rapid cycling" encompasses a spectrum of conditions. The DSM-IV definition, although quite reliable, covers only part of this spectrum, and the conditions that are excluded are very typical in terms of key validators and are relatively stable over time.
Bullying in childhood may be linked to heart disease risk, study says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Children who were bullied become adults who are more likely to be overweight and to show raised concentrations of inflammatory factors in their bloodstream that put them at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, a study indicates.1

The findings come from the long term follow-up of more than 7000 children who were enlisted into a cohort study of all children born in England, Scotland, and Wales in a single week in 1958. Information on whether they were bullied by other children was collected from interviews with their parents when the children were aged 7 and 11 years. Biochemical markers, obesity, body mass index, and hip to waist ratio were recorded when …
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative regimen is feasible and efficient in old patients with refractory or relapsing acute leukemia.
Authors: E Jost, Anne Sonet, Chantal Doyen, V. Robin, B Van Houte, M. Maerevoet, Jean-Claude Osselaer, Christian Chatelain, Bernard Chatelain, André Bosly
Journal: Blood (1998)
Role of interstitial radiotherapy in the management of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer: the jury is still out.
Authors: A V D'Amico, C N Coleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

To discuss the evolution of the use of brachytherapy in the treatment of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer and to review modern techniques, results of therapy, and optimal patient selection criteria.Using modern localization and immobilization techniques, interstitial prostate radiotherapy for patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level less than 10 ng/mL yields an at least 87% rate of freedom from biochemical relapse at 3 years, which is numerically equivalent to results achieved with external-beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. With a minimum median follow-up time of 24 months, 81% to 85% (2-year actuarial and 3-year crude) potency rates have been reported concomitant with 2-year actuarial rates of 12% for grade > or = 2 rectal complications and 10% for grade > or = 3 urethral complications.The combination of clinical stage, PSA level, and biopsy Gleason sum allows for selection of patients with the highest probability of having all of the prostate cancer encompassed by the high-dose implant volume, while simultaneously respecting the normal-tissue tolerance doses of the juxtaposed normal tissues (rectum and bladder). In particular, patients with nonpalpable (T1c) lesions, a biopsy Gleason sum < or = 6 (ideally < or = 4), and a PSA level less than 10 ng/mL represent the optimal implant candidates. Differential loading of the implant away from the geometric center and not accepting patients with large prostate glands (> or = 60 cm3) or history of a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as implant candidates, may reduce urethral toxicity. Further follow-up evaluation of prostate cancer patients treated with interstitial radiotherapy will verify if favorable potency preservation rates and rates of freedom from biochemical failure equivalent to those achieved with radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiation therapy are maintained.
Lymphoblastic Lymphosarcoma in Two White-Handed Gibbons, &lt;italic&gt;Hylobates lar&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Malcolm D. Jones, Daniel T. Lau, Julius Warthen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Spontaneous lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma developed in 2 juvenile Hylobates lar, which were part of a 6-member colony. No similar episodes have occurred in the other members of the colony.
Abstract 13827: Cxcr7 Gene Transfer Contributes to Reendothelialization Capacity of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells From Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jun Tao, Shi-Yue Xu, Xiao-Yu Zhang, Wen-Li Xie, Bin Zhang, Bing-Bo Yu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Dysfunction of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is currently considered as a critical factor for the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). CXCR7 is recently found as a ...
Abstract 6229: The California Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Outcomes Reporting Program: Comparative Surgical Volume and Operative Mortality in Over 35,000 Patients in 2003 and 2006
Authors: Zhongmin Li, David M Carlisle, Nilas J Young, Ezra A Amsterdam
Journal: Circulation (2008)

By legislative mandate, California launched its coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) outcomes reporting program (CCORP) in 2003 for all hospitals performing this procedure. The program has p...
Target Cell–Restricted Apoptosis Induction of Acute Leukemic T Cells by a Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Fusion Protein with Specificity for Human CD7
Authors: Edwin Bremer, Douwe F. Samplonius, Matthias Peipp, Linda van Genne, Bart-Jan Kroesen, Georg H. Fey, Martin Gramatzki, Lou F.M.H. de Leij, Wijnand Helfrich
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Current treatment of human T-cell leukemia and lymphoma is predominantly limited to conventional cytotoxic therapy and is associated with limited therapeutic response and significant morbidity. Therefore, more potent and leukemia-specific therapies with favorable toxicity profiles are urgently needed. Here, we report on the construction of a novel therapeutic fusion protein, scFvCD7:sTRAIL, designed to induce target antigen-restricted apoptosis in human T-cell tumors. ScFvCD7:sTRAIL consists of the death-inducing tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) genetically linked to an scFv antibody fragment specific for the T-cell surface antigen CD7. Treatment with scFvCD7:sTRAIL induced potent CD7-restricted apoptosis in a series of malignant T-cell lines, whereas normal resting leukocytes, activated T cells, and vascular endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) showed no detectable apoptosis. The apoptosis-inducing activity of scFvCD7:sTRAIL was stronger than that of the immunotoxin scFvCD7:ETA. In mixed culture experiments with CD7-positive and CD7-negative tumor cells, scFvCD7:sTRAIL induced very potent bystander apoptosis of CD7-negative tumor cells. In vitro treatment of blood cells freshly derived from T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients resulted in marked apoptosis of the malignant T cells that was strongly augmented by vincristin. In conclusion, scFvCD7:sTRAIL is a novel recombinant protein causing restricted apoptosis in human leukemic T cells with low toxicity for normal human blood and endothelial cells.
Recognition, assessment, and management of coeliac disease: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Laura Downey, Rachel Houten, Simon Murch, Damien Longson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

#### How patients were involved in the creation of this article

Committee members involved in this guideline included lay members who contributed to the formulation of the recommendations summarised here.

Coeliac disease is a common autoimmune condition, in which the ingestion of gluten (present in wheat, barley, and rye) activates an abnormal immune response, leading to chronic inflammation of the small intestine and malabsorption of nutrients. It affects about 1% of the UK population.1 Coeliac disease can present with a wide range of clinical features, although some people initially experience few or no symptoms. Treatment involves a lifelong gluten-free diet because untreated disease can lead to serious long term health complications. First degree relatives of a person with the disease and people with other conditions (including type 1 diabetes and Down’s syndrome) are at higher risk of having coeliac disease. This article summarises the recently updated recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the recognition, assessment, and management of coeliac disease.2 

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience …
The Integration of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Understanding Dose-Response
Authors: Susan M. Abdel-Rahman, Ralph E. Kauffman
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2004)

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies have proven to be powerful and instructive tools, particularly in elucidating important aspects of human pharmacology. Nevertheless, they remain imperfect tools in that they only allow researchers to indirectly extrapolate, through computational modeling, the dynamic processes of drug action. Furthermore, neither tool alone provides a complete nor necessarily relevant picture of drug action. This review explores the utility and applications of PK and PD in the study of drugs, provides examples of lessons learned from their application to studies of human pharmacology, points out some of their limitations, and advances the thesis that these tools ideally should be employed together in an integrated approach. As we continue to apply these tools across the continuum of age and disease, they provide a powerful means to enhance our understanding of drug action, drug interactions, and intrinsic host factors that influence pharmacologic response.
Abstract 17314: Free Radical-Dependent Sod2 Promoter Demethylation is Associated with Healthy Vascular Aging
Authors: Albert Nguyen, Steve Geoffroy, Michael Phillips, Eric Thorin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND: Free radicals are important signaling molecules but whether they contribute to epigenetic-dependent regulation of vascular function during aging is unknown. We hypothesized that the normal metabolism-derived free radical production induces epigenetic regulations at the promoter region of antioxidant enzymes, promoting their up-regulation and thus, delays healthy age-associated vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS: Mice were treated (n=12) or not (control; CTL, n=12) with the antioxidant catechin (CAT; 30mg/kg/d) from weaning to the age of 9 months (9m); 6 mice from each group were then kept untreated until the age of 12 months (12m). At sacrifice (9 or 12m), femoral arteries were isolated to study endothelial function characterized by acetylcholine (Ach)-induced dilation in pressurized (100 mm Hg) vessels, and for DNA extraction to quantify Sod2 gene promoter methylation (EpiTYPER, Sequenom). The abdominal aorta was isolated to measure mRNA Sod2 levels (qPCR). Results are mean±SEM. RESULTS: At 9m, Ach-induced dilation was similar in CTL (87±5%) and CAT-treated (94±2%) mice. After inhibition of NO synthase (NOS), however, Ach-induced NO-independent dilatation was reduced (P&lt;0.05) in CTL mice (33±16%) but not in CAT-treated mice (81±9%). These differences were maintained at 12m. These functional changes suggest that normal oxidative stress impairs NO-independent compensatory dilation at 9m without further degradation at 12m. In CTL mice, Sod2 promoter methylation decreased from the age of 9 to 12m (from 16±2% to 7±1%; P&lt;0.05); this was prevented by CAT (15±3% and 14±3%, at 9 and 12m, respectively) suggesting that free radicals lead to an epigenetic-dependent up-regulation of Sod2 expression. Accordingly, Sod2 mRNA expression was similar at 9m but greater at 12m in CTL (1.39±0.12 a.u.; P&lt;0.05) compared to CAT-treated (0.31±0.06) mice. Hence, scavenging free radicals with CAT prevented the epigenetic-dependent up-regulation of compensatory Sod2 expression. CONCLUSION: Free radical-dependent Sod2 promoter demethylation is associated with healthy vascular aging; this could contribute to minimizing the rise in oxidative stress-dependant damage and delay endothelial dysfunction.
Psychiatrists' Responses to Sexual Bias in Pharmaceutical Advertising
Authors: CHRISTINE MCREE, BILLIE F. CORDER, THOMAS HAIZLIP
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Of the psychiatrists responding to this study's questionnaire, 45 percent perceived pharmaceutical advertisements from a randomly selected issue of The American Journal of Psychiatry as showing sexual bias that might negatively influence physicians' perceptions of women. The perceptions of the responding psychiatrists concerning additional implications of the predominance of women patients and sexually biased advertising copy in drug advertisements are reported and discussed.
Lymphoma Model: Correlation of In Vitro Findings With In Vivo Observations
Authors: J. Ronald Oehler, Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Lymphoma Model: Correlation of In Vitro Findings With In Vivo Observations Get access J. Ronald Oehler, J. Ronald Oehler 2Laboratory of Immunodiagnosis, Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald B. Herberman Ronald B. Herberman 3 2Laboratory of Immunodiagnosis, Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Md. 20014. 4We thank Mr. Leroy Lindsay for his technical assistance and Mrs. Hilda Porter and Mr. John Hoffman for assuming much of the responsibility for immunizing the rats and conscientiously maintaining the animal colony. We also thank Ms. Freda White for help in preparing the manuscript. 3Address reprint requests to Dr. Herberman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 62, Issue 3, March 1979, Pages 525–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/62.3.525 Published: 01 March 1979 Article history Received: 28 November 1977 Revision received: 11 July 1978 Accepted: 11 September 1978 Published: 01 March 1979
Sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) symptoms and their relation to problem behaviours in South Indian children
Authors: Biju Thomas, Arun Pugalenthi, S.S. Krishnamoorthy, D. James, John C. Allen, T.U. Sukumaran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder (SRBD) in children is a grossly under recognised problem in India.   Aim:  To study the prevalence of symptoms of SRBDs and their relation to problem behaviours in South Indian children.   Methods:  A population-based, cross-sectional survey of school children in the Kerala state of South India was conducted. The parent completed questionnaire in Malayalam language contained the 22 symptom items of the SRBD scale of the original Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (Chervin RD et al. Sleep Med. 2000; 1[1]:21-32). Children with severe learning difficulties, known syndromes or craniofacial/neuromuscular abnormalities were excluded from the study.   Results   4135 subjects (47.2% males) took part in this study. The mean (SD) age was 10.2 (3.1) years. Snoring was more common in males (12.2% vs 9.8%, p 0.33 in 9.97% children, with a male predominance (p 0.33 were significantly more likely to have parent reported EDS (odds ratio [OR]: 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-5.6, p   Conclusions   Symptoms of SRBDs are common in South Indian school children. These symptoms are associated with EDS, hyperactivity and attention deficit. Our findings emphasise the need for heightened awareness of SRBD in children among both parents and health care professionals.
Incidence of asthma as function of smoking habits in adults: An Italian follow-up study
Authors: Giang Nguyen, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Roberto Marconcini, Alessandro Fois, Pietro Pirina, Roberto de Marco, Giuseppe Verlato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction : Smoking has been shown to increase the incidence of asthma in young adults, worsen the disease severity and impair its control. However, these observations were mainly derived from cross-sectional or case-control studies.   Aims : To prospectively study asthma incidence as a function of smoking habits in the Italian adult population.   Methods : In the frame of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases study, two surveys were done in Verona and Sassari in 1998-2000 and 2007-2009 (follow-up period of 9.1±0.8 years, follow-up response rate=60.3%). Among 5,204 non-asthmatic at baseline, 3,182 of them participated in the follow-up, and answered a screening questionnaire on smoking habits, asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic rhinitis.   Results : During the follow up, the prevalence of smoking decreased from 31.6% (95% CI 30.4-32.8%) to 21.7% (20.2-22.9%) while the prevalence of current asthma increased from 5.2% (4.7-5.8%) to 7.9% (7.0-8.9%). Nine-year cumulative incidence of asthma was 4.6% (145/3182). The incidence was higher in ex-smokers at baseline (5.3%=30/566) than in never smokers (4.5%=76/1687) and current smokers (4.3%=39/909). A Cox regression model, assuming asthma onset as terminal event, did not find a significant influence of baseline smoking on asthma, while allergic rhinitis was associated with a higher risk of asthma incidence (Hazard ratio=2.91, 2.06-4.10).   Conclusion : In this prospective study active smoking was not a risk factor for asthma. The higher incidence of asthma observed in ex-smokers was likely due to reverse causation. As expected, we found an association between asthma onset during the follow-up and allergic rhinitis at baseline.
Days with severe symptoms: an additional efficacy endpoint in immunotherapy trials
Authors: S. R. Durham, A. O. Birk, J. S. Andersen
Journal: Allergy (2010)

In immunotherapy trials, primary and secondary endpoints often focus on average symptom and medication scores during the pollen season or on days with low symptoms and low medication use. Thus, there is a need for endpoints describing the treatment effect on the most troublesome days in the pollen season.A possible additional efficacy endpoint, days with severe symptoms during the pollen season, was investigated using data from a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the SQ-standardized grass allergy immunotherapy tablet (AIT) (Grazax, Phleum pratense, 75,000 SQ-T/2,800 BAU, ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark).The trial included 634 subjects (N(Grass AIT) = 316; N(Placebo) = 318) with grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Six different definitions of a day with severe symptoms were suggested. The number of days with severe symptoms was analysed and odds ratios were calculated.The number and percentage of days with severe symptoms differed between definitions, but overall the analysis of days with severe symptoms showed consistent results (odds ratios: 2.0-3.4) for the different definitions. All definitions showed a reduced risk of having days with severe symptoms in the grass AIT group when compared to the placebo group.Days with severe symptoms during the pollen season is a relevant additional efficacy endpoint, which can be used in immunotherapy trials to support the clinical interpretation of commonly used efficacy endpoints.