tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of isoproterenol induced myocardial damage
Authors: T. KONDO, Y. OGAWA, S. SUGIYAMA, T. ITO, T. SATAKE, T. OZAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To study the harmful effects of isoproterenol on myocardium rats were injected with isoproterenol 10 or 0.1 mg.kg-1 or with isoproterenol 10 mg.kg-1 after an injection of propranolol 20 mg.kg-1. Endogenous phospholipase activity in heart homogenate and tissue adenosine triphosphate concentrations were determined 1, 7, and 15 h after isoproterenol injection. The activities of three segments (NADH-cytochrome c reductase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase) of the electron transport chain in heart mitochondria were also measured in the same manner. In the group given isoproterenol 0.1 mg.kg-1 the tissue adenosine triphosphate concentration was decreased after 1 h but returned to control value after 15 h. No significant change in phospholipase activity or in the activities of the three segments in mitochondria was observed throughout the study. In the group given isoproterenol 10 mg.kg-1 the tissue adenosine triphosphate concentration was significantly decreased after 1 h and did not return to control values after 15 h. Phospholipase activity was increased and the activities of NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase were significantly decreased after 15 h. The activity of succinate-cytochrome c reductase was not affected. In the propranolol group, pretreatment with propranolol protected against a reduction in adenosine triphosphate after isoproterenol 10 mg.kg-1. Propranolol also prevented activation of phospholipase and maintained the activities of the three segments of mitochondria throughout the study. In an in vitro study mitochondria prepared from intact rat hearts were incubated with 0.1 unit phospholipase A2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: phenotypic reconstitution and B-cell function
Authors: A Pedrazzini, AS Freedman, J Andersen, L Heflin, K Anderson, T Takvorian, GP Canellos, J Whitman, F Coral, J Ritz
Journal: Blood (1989)
East and West: worlds apart in cataract surgery
Authors: Mohammad T Masoud
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Allen describes cataract and its management in the developed and developing worlds.1 Blindness due to cataract is a large problem in the mountainous northern parts of Pakistan, where I worked in the eye department at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, in the North West Frontier Province.

In a study conducted in the tribal areas of the province the prevalence of bilateral …
Treatment of oat cell carcinoma of the lung: complete remissions, acceptable complications, and improved survival.
Authors: F A Greco, R L Richardson, S F Schulman, S Stroup, R K Oldham
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Oat cell lung cancer is a common disease which is usually disseminated by the time it is diagnosed. Treatment with cyclic combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine) administered concurrently with radiotherapy to the chest lesion and subsequent prophylactic brain irradiation was investigated in 36 patients with oat-cell carcinoma of the lung. Complete remissions occurred in 26 of the patients (15 of the 16 with limited-stage disease and 11 of the 20 with extensive-stage disease). Symptomatic improvement occurred in all patients. Twelve of the 16 patients with limited disease remained well and free of disease for over a year. The results were equivalent to those of a similar though more intensive regimen, but the toxicity was much less (there were no treatment-related deaths). Transient granulocytopenia with the risk of infection was the most serious complication. Survival and quality of life have been improved for all patients, particularly those with limited disease, who have previously responded poorly to treatment.
Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee
Authors: Matthew H. Liang, Paul Fortin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

An estimated 15.8 million adults, or 12.1 percent of the U.S. population 25 to 74 years old, have signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis,1 making this group of conditions one of the most important public health problems among the musculoskeletal diseases. The study by Bradley et al. in this issue of the Journal 2 is important and challenges the reflexive prescription of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for osteoarthritis. When a clinical trial shows no difference between treatments, it raises questions about the size of the Type II error, the comparability of the treatment groups, and the sensitivity of the outcome measures. The . . .
A CHEMICAL AND PATHOLOGIC STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF COPPER ON THE LIVER
Authors: Frederick B. Flinn, William C. VonGlahn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

FROM THE ABOVE STUDIES THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS HAVE BEEN REACHED: 1. That copper or its compounds used does not cause the deposition of pigment in the livers of rabbits, guinea pigs or rats. Neither does it produce a cirrhosis in these animals. 2. That spontaneous deposition of pigment occurs frequently in the livers of normal rabbits on the usual laboratory diet. 3. That the feeding of a diet of carrots exclusively will produce pigment deposition in the livers of rabbits, in every way identical with that ascribed to copper. 4. That the pigment deposited in the livers of rabbits is probably of exogenous origin.
Cryosurgery in the treatment of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva
Authors: P.J. AUGUST, T.M. MILWARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Twelve patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva were treated by a nitrous oxide cryoprobe. All had had severe itching which was relieved in the post-operative period in 75% and for 3 years in 50%. Eight had histologically proven leukoplakia which cleared post-operatively in five (62.5%) and remained clear at three years in four (50%). In one patient pruritus, leukoplakia and ultimately squamous carcinoma appeared.
Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: What We Know and What We Need To Know about Their Prevention
Authors: Peter J. Savage
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). With an increase in the number of older diabetic persons, an increase in U.S. minority populations with high rates of diabetes, and the proven success of new methods to reduce microvascular complications, the importance of diabetic macrovascular complications will increase. The relative effectiveness of different treatments to reduce the incidence of diabetic cardiovascular complications is poorly understood. In addition to relative efficacy, issues related to patient burden and the economic cost of different treatments must be considered. Some of the information needed to improve therapy will be available soon from ongoing clinical trials. Obtaining definitive answers to other questions, especially those related to the relative benefit of intensive glucose level control compared with control of other known cardiovascular disease risk factors, will require additional studies. Although several questions unique to diabetic patients remain unanswered, results of previous clinical trials done among largely nondiabetic participants can be used to develop interim recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention. Until definitive guidelines for prevention are established, combining aggressive therapy for known cardiovascular disease risk factors with efforts to normalize the glucose level offers the best chance to reduce the higher risk for cardiovascular disease associated with NIDDM.
ANTHRAX, WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: WILLIAM ROUSH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Anthrax is one of the rare but very interesting maladies afflicting the human race which few physicians have the opportunity of seeing in the active form. It is an acute, parasitic, infectious disease, known also by the synonyms of malignant pustule, splenic fever, ragpickers, wool-sorters and furriers' disease, also Milzbrand and carbunculosus contagiosus and a number of others. As to its history and antiquity we know but little, but that it has existed for centuries there can be no doubt. Blanc states that he finds our modern anthrax to have been the disease of the Egyptian plagues, but Hamlet on the other hand thinks this is only a matter of speculation. To the researches of Pollender in 1855 and Davine in 1863 belong the credit of the discovery of the B. anthracis, the positive and only direct factor in the production of the disease. It has been said by good
Article does not prove that smoking cessation has an "effect" on mental health
Authors: S. C. Sanderson, A. Taylor, M. Munafo
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Taylor and colleagues show a clear association between smoking cessation and improved mental health.1 This may help reassure patients that quitting smoking need not have a lasting adverse effect on mental health, and that it might even improve mental health. Nevertheless, readers of the press release and media coverage could be forgiven for believing that the study …
Autocrine Secretion—10 Years Later
Authors: Michael B. Sporn, Anita B. Roberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The concept of autocrine secretion, its subsequent modifications, its application for understanding pathogenesis of disease, and its potential for developing new approaches to prevention and treatment are reviewed. Peptide growth factors (cytokines) act as local autocrine and paracrine mediators of tissue homeostasis. Many diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other fibrotic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, are associated with aberrant expression and cellular coordination of the homeostatic action of these regulatory molecules. Modern biotechnology and pharmacology offer unique opportunities for the therapeutic prevention and treatment of these molecular and cellular lesions, using either cytokines or other agents that
Outcome of 609 adults after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); an MRC UKALL12/ECOG 2993 study
Authors: Adele K. Fielding, Susan M. Richards, Rajesh Chopra, Hillard M. Lazarus, Mark R. Litzow, Georgina Buck, I. Jill Durrant, Selina M. Luger, David I. Marks, Ian M. Franklin, Andrew K. McMillan, Martin S. Tallman, Jacob M. Rowe, Anthony H. Goldstone
Journal: Blood (2006)
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, cigarette smoking, and use of oral contraceptives: findings in a large cohort study of women of childbearing age.
Authors: M Vessey, D Jewell, A Smith, D Yeates, K McPherson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Since the start in 1968 of the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study 31 women have developed ulcerative colitis and 18 have developed Crohn9s disease, giving incidences of 0.15 and 0.09/1000 woman years respectively. The incidence of ulcerative colitis in women who were non-smokers on entry to the study was 0.17/1000 woman years and the incidence in smokers was 0.11/1000 woman years. The findings for Crohn9s disease were entirely different, the corresponding incidences being 0.05 and 0.17/1000 woman years respectively. Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease were more common among women currently using oral contraceptives than among those not doing so. Incidences per 1000 woman years for ulcerative colitis were 0.26 in users and 0.11 in non-users; for Crohn9s disease the incidences were 0.13 and 0.07 respectively. Though the association between the use of oral contraceptives and chronic inflammatory bowel disease cannot be regarded as established, the effects of smoking have been shown consistently in many studies. This observation provides an important clue to the aetiology of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Book Review: Book of the Month: Bodies Politic: Diseases, Death and Doctors in Britain, 1650-1900
Authors: Richard Carter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

How do you picture history? Conventional visual images from the past portray their subjects in an ostensibly realistic manner, but others convey more personal messages from the artist. Such messages may be coded, or transmitted with brutal directness. Individual people, events and places are transformed into stereotypes and metaphors to provide comment on more general social or political situations, usually with strong overtones of parody, protest or subversion. The subjects are to varying degrees remodelled to form caricatures, which range from the comical to the repulsive. Such images are often supplementary to or indeed directly linked with verbal images in the novels, plays, poems and pamphlets of the times and, to this extent, the visual and the verbal cannot be separated. Both provide valuable commentary on the historical contexts in which they are set.
The pulse monitor. An important safeguard in angiography and arterial catheterization
Authors: C. Cope
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE DEVELOPMENT of simple percutaneous arteriographic catheterization techniques, the synthesis of safer contrast media, the ready availability of good angiographic roentgenographic equipment, and the increasingly large number of surgeons with training in vascular surgery have created a situation in which most large hospitals are now expected to have an efficient angiographic department. There has been a resultant marked increase in the utilization of arteriographic procedures throughout the country despite the fact that at present relatively few physicians are thoroughly grounded in all aspects of angiography. Recent large reviews of catheter aortographic procedures<sup>1-4,5</sup>showed that, while mortality was very low, there was a significant number of serious nonfatal complications at the site of catheter insertion, such as massive hematomas, uncontrolled bleeding, arterial thromboses, and subintimal dissections, some of which led to permanent disability. The incidence of major arterial thrombosis is usually less than 1% but can be as high as
Bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to whiplash injury.
Authors: M Helliwell, J C Robertson, G B Todd, M Lobb
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Objective</h3> Higher gluten intake, frequent gastrointestinal infections and adenovirus, enterovirus, rotavirus and reovirus have been proposed as environmental triggers for coeliac disease. However, it is not known whether an interaction exists between the ingested gluten amount and viral exposures in the development of coeliac disease. This study investigated whether distinct viral exposures alone or together with gluten increase the risk of coeliac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically predisposed children. <h3>Design</h3> The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study prospectively followed children carrying the HLA risk haplotypes DQ2 and/or DQ8 and constructed a nested case–control design. From this design, 83 CDA case–control pairs were identified. Median age of CDA was 31 months. Stool samples collected monthly up to the age of 2 years were analysed for virome composition by Illumina next-generation sequencing followed by comprehensive computational virus profiling. <h3>Results</h3> The cumulative number of stool enteroviral exposures between 1 and 2 years of age was associated with an increased risk for CDA. In addition, there was a significant interaction between cumulative stool enteroviral exposures and gluten consumption. The risk conferred by stool enteroviruses was increased in cases reporting higher gluten intake. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Frequent exposure to enterovirus between 1 and 2 years of age was associated with increased risk of CDA. The increased risk conferred by the interaction between enteroviruses and higher gluten intake indicate a cumulative effect of these factors in the development of CDA.
Do you have a gun?
Authors: Justin Daniels
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The normal male to female ratio at birth ranges between 1.03 and 1.07, so the ratio of 1.23 for 1995-2000 is high. 9The high sex ratio has been well documented, 10 11 but these results show that the secular trends in sex ratio are greater than thought previously; this was true for both urban and rural China, not just rural areas. 12It seems that in urban areas-where only one child is allowed-some people select the sex of their child at first birth.In rural areas most people are permitted a second child, especially if the first is a girl, so sex selection starts with the second pregnancy.This probably occurs mainly through sex selective abortion, although figures are impossible to obtain because this practice is illegal.Other reasons for fewer girls are female infanticide (although this is probably very rare now), less aggressive management of newborn girls who are sick, 13 and non-registration of girls. 14 It is not clear how much these demographic changes are due to the one child policy.Many countries are seeing decreases in fertility rates, and neighbouring east Asian countries have some of the lowest total fertility rates in the world: 1.38 for Japan, 1.04 for Singapore, and 0.91 for Hong Kong. 15Thus the fertility rate may have continued to fall from the 2.9 seen in 1979 even without the one child policy.Likewise many other Asian countries that have declining birth rates and traditional preferences for male babies are seeing serious sex imbalances: 1.19 for Taiwan, 1.18 for Singapore, 1.12 for South Korea, and 1.20 for parts of northern India. 16Even without the policy, sex selective abortion would be likely to continue, although it would probably be less common.This can only be solved by a change in attitudes towards female offspring.Our finding that many younger women in urban areas now express a preference for girls provides evidence that attitudes may be changing.Since the start of the one child family policy, the total birth rate and the preferred family size have decreased, but a gross imbalance in the sex ratio has also emerged.These findings have clear implications for decisions about future population policy.A relaxation in the policy could be considered in the near future.Recommendations that all couples should be allowed to have two children, but not more than two, have already been made. 3 17It is unlikely that a baby boom would result, and such a change in policy might help to correct the abnormal sex ratio.
VITILIGO IN BEAZIL
Authors: OSWALDO G. COSTA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article VITILIGO IN BEAZIL Get access OSWALDO G. COSTA OSWALDO G. COSTA Extra‐mural Teacher in the Clinic of Skin Diseases and Syphilis of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 3, 1 March 1947, Pages 104–108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb11271.x Published: 01 March 1947
SOME OBSERVATIONS IN RENAL SURGERY.
Authors: W. H. ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This paper is a contribution to the natural history of error. In these days of enthusiastic renal surgery every frank analysis of diagnosis gone wrong, of operative blunders committed, of difficulties unexpectedly faced, must be not only of interest but of actual value to those undertaking operations on the kidney. It is a trite enough observation that we learn more from defeat than from victory—this is my apology for directing attention to certain of the errors observed during the development of the cases recorded in this article. Jacobson describes nephrolithotomy as "one of those advances in modern surgery in which the operation has outstripped the diagnosis."<sup>1</sup>This statement is borne out by the astonishing fact that of twenty-seven nephrotomies for stone he met failure in six. Henry Morris also remarks that within his observation sixteen unsuccessful explorations of the kidney had occurred. Those who are overconfident of their own
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA FOLLOWING THE USE OF AIR IN TESTING FALLOPIAN TUBE PATENCY
Authors: Richard A. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Because of the frequency with which air is used instead of carbon dioxide in the routine performance of the Rubin test for sterility, this case is put on record. Nov. 11, 1925, Mrs. W. H. B. consulted a gynecologist because of sterility. A routine pelvic examination discovered no abnormality in the uterus and adnexa. Then, with the usual sterile precautions, air was injected, under manometric control, through a blunt nozzle into the uterine cavity to determine whether or not the fallopian tubes were patulous. The air apparently entered the abdominal cavity without obstruction. The amount was not measured, but the gynecologist believes that it was not more than the contents of one or two ordinary-sized hand-bulbs. The patient suffered no inconvenience and left the office immediately after the examination. About an hour later, as she was about to board a train, she was suddenly seized with intense pain low in
Case 50-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Alan C. Aisenberg, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of leukemia.He was well until two years earlier, when he became fatigued and had occasional night sweats. Laboratory studies at another hospital showed that the hematocrit was 40 per cent; the white-cell count was 28,000, with 20 per cent neutrophils, 75 per cent lymphocytes, 3 per cent atypical lymphocytes, 1 per cent monocytes and 1 per cent eosinophils. A heterophil-antibody agglutination test was negative. A lymph-node biopsy revealed nodular lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type. He was transferred to this hospital, where examination disclosed posterior cervical, axillary, and . . .
Cardiac Surgery and the Brain.
Authors: N. A SILVERMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Cardiac Surgery and the Brain. Get access NORMAN A SILVERMAN NORMAN A SILVERMAN Detroit, Michigan, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Page 2288, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2288 Published: 01 December 1993
The role of C4-binding protein and {beta }1H in proteolysis of C4b and C3b
Authors: T Fujita, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Two forms of C4-binding protein (C4-bp) (C4-bp low, C4-bp high), which differ slightly in net charge and apparent molecular weight, as determined by SDS- PAGE, were separated by ion-exchange chromatography and contaminants removed with specific antisera. Both forms of C4-bp served as cofactors for the cleavage of C4b in solution by C3b inactivator, and the resulting fragments of the a'-chain of C4b had identical molecular weights. In addition, similarly to beta1H, C4-bp low or high served as cofactors for the cleavage of fluid phase C3b by C3bINA. However, important quantitative differences between the activities of C4-bp and beta1H were observed. With regard to C3b in solution, the cofactor activity of beta1H was {approximately equal to}20 times greater than that of C4-bp on a weight basis. In relation to cell-bound C3b, the differences in activity were even more marked. Whereas beta1H enhanced the effects of C3bINA on the erythrocyte intermediate EC3b, inhibiting the assembly of EC3bBb, C4-bp was without effect even at concentrations {approximately equal to}300 times greater than beta1H. Therefore, under physiological conditions, it is likely that beta1H is the key protein which controls the function of C3b, and that C4-bp activity is directed mainly toward the cleavage of C4b. We also examined the relation between C4-bp and the C3b-C4bINA cofactor described by Stroud and collaborators (3, 4). By functional, physico-chemical and immunological criteria, they are the same protein.