tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct Roles in Lymphoid Organogenesis for Lymphotoxins α and β Revealed in Lymphotoxin β–Deficient Mice
Authors: Pandelakis A Koni, Rosalba Sacca, Pornsri Lawton, Jeffrey L Browning, Nancy H Ruddle, Richard A Flavell
Journal: Immunity (1997)

Lymphotoxin α (LTα)–deficient mice revealed critical roles for LTα in lymphoid organogenesis, but it is not clear whether LTα functions through an LTα homotrimer (LTα3) or LTα/β heterotrimers. We generated LTβ-deficient mice and found them to lack Peyer's patches, peripheral lymph nodes, splenic germinal centers, and follicular dendritic cells. Unlike LTα-deficient mice, LTβ-deficient mice had cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, the mesenteric lymph nodes had germinal center–like regions, although these structures appeared to lack follicular dendritic cells. The absence of cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes in LTα-deficient mice, and yet their presence in LTβ-deficient mice and in mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptor types I and II, suggest that LTα3 may signal via an as yet unidentified receptor.
PTU-200 Home jejunostomy feeding post-oesophagectomy: a change in practice: Abstract PTU-200 Table 1
Authors: M Fanning, A Mc Hugh, C Browne, N Ravi, J V Reynolds, L A Healy
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Early enteral nutrition support via a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) is a safe and effective method of providing nutrition support post-oesophagectomy. In our specialist unit all patients have a NCJ placed at the time of surgery for post-operative nutrition support. Maintaining nutritional status in the months following oesophageal resection is very challenging and up to 82% of patients lose weight by their first outpatient (OPD) visit.<sup>1</sup> To address this, patients are now routinely discharged on supplementary feeding until their first OPD visit (after 4 weeks) and receive a dietetic telephone review 1 week post discharge. The aim of this retrospective review was to assess the impact of home jejunostomy feeding on nutritional status, length of hospital stay and timing of the first OPD visit. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients who had an oesophageal resection in the 12-month period before and after the change in practice were considered for this study. Patients who underwent emergency or palliative resections, were participating in a clinical trial or had incomplete data were excluded. Dietetic records and the cancer database were reviewed and analysed using SPSS®. The medians were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. <h3>Results</h3> Weight loss was observed in 69% of all patients from discharge to first OPD visit. Patients who were discharged on home feeding experienced less weight loss (See Abstract PTU-200 table 1). Length of stay was not significantly increased in the home feeding group, but the length of time to first OPD visit increased significantly by 8 days (See Abstract PTU-200 table 1). The majority (82%) of patients were discharged on 500 ml volume of a 1.2–1.5 kcal/ml enteral feed, providing an average 40% of calculated energy and 46% of protein requirements. Of the home feeding group 52% continued to require jejunostomy feeding after the first OPD visit. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Home jejunostomy feeding can be successful in reducing weight loss following oesphagectomy and is frequently required for longer than 1-month post discharge. The increase in telephone contact may have contributed to a delay in the timing of first OPD visit. Organisation of home feeding in hospital did not delay discharge. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Ryan</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>Clinical Nutrition</i> 2006;<b>25</b>:386–93.
Diabetic Vasculopathy and Alcohol Tolerance Trait in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Matsuo Taniyama, Tarou Muramatsu, Susumu Higuchi, Shigeo Ohta, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In 1978, Pyke and Leslie (1,2) first proposed the hypothesis that clinical pictures of patients with type 2 diabetes can be characterized by two clinical presentations in response to chlorpropamide use and tolerance to alcohol. Chlorpropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) is often observed in diabetic patients with a family history of diabetes, but among those patients without CPAF, there is a high probability of developing severe diabetic retinopathy. Subsequently, Barnett et al. (3) has reported that persistent proteinuria is also more commonly observed in patients without CPAF. However, the role and significance of CPAF and diabetic vasculopathy still remains controversial.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) are the key enzymes for alcohol metabolism. Many Asians lack enzyme activity of ALDH2 and have superactive enzyme activity of ADH2, attributed to point mutations within both structural genes (4). Hence, the expression of these two enzyme mutations could determine the alcohol tolerance among the Japanese population.

We have found an increase in the prevalence of nephropathy and advanced diabetic retinopathy among Japanese patients with diabetes and a specific ADH2 and ALDH2 genotype. …
Tales from the Temporal Lobes
Authors: Adam Zeman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Ten years ago, the story I was hearing did not ring any bells. It went like this. During recent months, an engineer in his 40s had been having episodes of amnesia. Every so often, his mind would scramble: “Where am I? How did I get here? What am I meant to be doing?” This sense of bewilderment lasted for just a few minutes, during which time he failed to take in the answers offered to his insistent questioning. Some of the attacks occurred on awakening. A curious story: recurrent transient amnesia, affecting both retrograde memory, for the recent past, and . . .
A CASE OF APPARENT FOOD-POISONING OF THE TYPE KNOWN AS BOTULISM OR ALLANTIASIS
Authors: PERCY G. STILES
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Food-poisoning of a narcotic type must be rare as compared with the form familiarly associated with the term ptomain. Intense pain, violent vomiting, and exhausting diarrhea—frequently attended with high fever—are the usual symptoms. Strongly contrasted with these relatively common cases are those in which there is little or no pain, no significant temperature, but a profound complex of disturbances affecting the higher nerve-centers. In a few instances a picture like this has been observed where the offending food was the mussel, a molluse believed to develop a specific poison, mytilotoxin, under the influence of certain organisms. Sausage-poisoning, botulism, or allantiasis is another intoxication following the eating of protein food decomposed by<i>Bacillus botulinus</i>. A few hundred cases have been recorded with mortality approaching 40 per cent. Sausage has been the cause of the great majority, but other articles of diet have been implicated. The following personal experience may be worth
Inheritance of antibody specificity. III. A new VH gene controls fine specificity of anti-p-azobenzenearsonate coupled to the carbon atom 5 of hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the mouse.
Authors: O Mäkelä, M Julin, M Becker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Mice of 10 inbred strains were immunized with a protein conjugate of a hapten of p-azobenzenearsonate coupled to the carbon atom 5 of hydroxphenylacetic acid (ABA-HOP), and anti-ABA-HOP titers were determined by the haptenated phage inactivation. Mean titers of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were significantly lower than those of A/J and CBA strains. The titers were under a polygenic control and did not correlate with allotypes in backcross mice. Fine specificity of the anti-ABA-HOP was characterized by inhibiting the haptenated phage inactivation reaction with five chemically related compounds including ABA-HOP (Fig. 1). This antibody was genetically more polymorphic than any other antibody studied. Three distinct idiotypes could be demonstrated and the number is probably greater. The idiotypes of the A/J and C57BL/6 were inherited as allotype-linked dominant Mendelian traits, the former in two and the latter in three different backcrosses. Condominance of the two alleles was shown since approximately equal amounts of the two idiotypes were produced by the population of heterozygous mice. There were many individual heterozygotes, however, in which only one parental idiotype could be detected. In other individuals of the same genotype the other parental idiotype was predominant. In many mice a mixture of the two idiotypes was indicated by doubly sigmoid inhibition curves. The causes for the variation in the expression of the two alleles in genotypically identical mice is discussed.
Detection of Myocardial Damage in Patients With Sarcoidosis
Authors: Manesh R. Patel, Peter J. Cawley, John F. Heitner, Igor Klem, Michele A. Parker, Wael A. Jaroudi, Trip J. Meine, James B. White, Michael D. Elliott, Han W. Kim, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim
Journal: Circulation (2009)

In patients with sarcoidosis, sudden death is a leading cause of mortality, which may represent unrecognized cardiac involvement. Delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) can detect minute amounts of myocardial damage. We sought to compare DE-CMR with standard clinical evaluation for the identification of cardiac involvement.Eighty-one consecutive patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis were prospectively recruited for a parallel and masked comparison of cardiac involvement between (1) DE-CMR and (2) standard clinical evaluation with the use of consensus criteria (modified Japanese Ministry of Health [JMH] guidelines). Standard evaluation included 12-lead ECG and at least 1 dedicated non-CMR cardiac study (echocardiography, radionuclide scintigraphy, or cardiac catheterization). Patients were followed for 21+/-8 months for major adverse events (death, defibrillator shock, or pacemaker requirement). Patients were predominantly middle-aged (46+/-11 years), female (62%), and black (73%) and had chronic sarcoidosis (median, 7 years) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 56%). DE-CMR identified cardiac involvement in 21 patients (26%) and JMH criteria in 10 (12%, 8 overlapping), a >2-fold higher rate for DE-CMR (P=0.005). All patients with myocardial damage on DE-CMR had coronary disease excluded by x-ray angiography. Pathology evaluation in 15 patients (19%) identified 4 with cardiac sarcoidosis; all 4 were positive by DE-CMR, whereas 2 were JMH positive. On follow-up, 8 had adverse events, including 5 cardiac deaths. Patients with myocardial damage on DE-CMR had a 9-fold higher rate of adverse events and an 11.5-fold higher rate of cardiac death than patients without damage.In patients with sarcoidosis, DE-CMR is more than twice as sensitive for cardiac involvement as current consensus criteria. Myocardial damage detected by DE-CMR appears to be associated with future adverse events including cardiac death, but events were few, and this needs confirmation in a larger cohort.
Sustained CPEB-Dependent Local Protein Synthesis Is Required to Stabilize Synaptic Growth for Persistence of Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia
Authors: Maria Concetta Miniaci, Joung-Hun Kim, Sathyanarayanan V. Puthanveettil, Kausik Si, Huixiang Zhu, Eric R. Kandel, Craig H. Bailey
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Ryo Otsuka, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Kumiko Hirata, Kotaro Tokai, Takashi Muro, Minoru Yoshiyama, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: JAMA (2001)

BEEN IDEN-2][3][4][5][6] In 1992, the American Heart Association concluded that the risk of death due to heart disease is increased by about 30% among those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home, and could be much higher in those exposed at the workplace, where higher levels of environmental tobacco smoke may be present. 1There is evidence that exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke breaks down the serum antioxidant defenses 7 and is associated with impairment of endotheliumdependent function of arterial walls. 8However, the acute effects of passive smoking on the coronary circulation in nonsmokers have not been evaluated.0][11][12][13] The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of passive smoking on coronary circulation using measurement of CFVR by TTDE. METHODS SubjectsWe studied 30 healthy Japanese men (mean [SD] age, 27 [4] years) including 15 nonsmokers and 15 asymptomatic active smokers from September 2000 to November 2000.These subjects were recruited from the students of Osaka City University Medical School.All were clinically well and had no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipid-
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Prostatic Carcinoma Reversed by Ketoconazole
Authors: Marc R. Litt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DISSEMINATED intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a well-recognized complication of malignant neoplasms. Between 13% and 25% of the patients with chronic DIC have underlying prostatic carcinoma.<sup>1,2</sup>The mechanism of DIC in these patients appears to be related to release of thromboplastins from prostatic tissue.<sup>3</sup> The treatment of DIC involves prompt identification, with control or eradication of the underlying disease process. Correction of circulatory volume, hemostatic elements, and possible sepsis is mandatory. The use of heparin sodium (Panheparin), ε-aminocaproic acid, and exogenous estrogens in DIC related to prostatic carcinoma remains controversial.<sup>4</sup> The following report describes the use of ketoconazole in the treatment and reversal of DIC associated with prostatic carcinoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 82-year-old man with metastatic prostatic cancer was transferred to The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, for evaluation of a coagulopathy and hematuria. Two years previously, the patient developed symptoms of urinary obstruction and underwent a
Abstract 63: <i>TKTL1</i> is activated by promoter hypomethylation and contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis via increased aerobic glycolysis and HIF1-alpha stabilization
Authors: Wenyue Sun, Yan Liu, Chad A. Glazer, Chunbo Shao, Sheetal Bhan, Semra Demokan, Ming Zhao, Michelle A. Rudek, Patrick K. Ha, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Described decades ago, the “Warburg effect”, an elevation in aerobic glycolysis, is a fundamental property of cancer cells. Lactate and pyruvate, the end products of glycolysis, are highly produced by cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen. Previously, we observed promoter hypomethylation and overexpression of TKTL1 (Transkelolase-like 1) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate whether aberrant expression of TKTL1 contributes to HNSCC tumorigenesis and whether this is associated with aerobic glycolytic metabolism. We found that TKTL1 exhibits high frequency of promoter hypomethylation in HNSCC tumors compared with the normal oral epithelial mucosa, correlating with its overexpression in HNSCC. Overexpression of TKTL1 in HNSCC cells promoted cellular proliferation and enhanced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Further, in a murine xoenograft and human model of HNSCC, we found that overexpression of TKTL1 increased the production of fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, in turn elevating the production of pyruvate and lactate production accompanied by the elevated glucose uptake and ATP production. Importantly, overexpression of TKTL1 is associated with the normoxic stabilization of the malignancy-promoting transcription factor HIF1α by aerobic glycolytic metabolites including pyruvate and lactate. Notably, reduction of TKTL1 expression decreased HIF1α accumulation, and inhibition of HIF1α could abrogate the growth effects mediated by TKTL1 overexpression. These findings suggest that TKTL1 is a novel protooncogene that is epigenetically activated by aberrant hypomethylation and contributes to a malignant phenotype via altered glycolytic metabolism and HIF1α accumulation, providing opportunities for therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 63.
Performance of referral recommendations in patients with chronic back pain and suspected axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: H. C. Brandt, I. Spiller, I.-H. Song, J. L Vahldiek, M. Rudwaleit, J. Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its early form account for up to 5% of all patients with chronic back pain. Interest has recently focused on shortening the delay of 5–10 years between the appearance of first symptoms and the diagnosis of AS, particularly because effective treatments have now become available. Referral parameters that are easy for doctors in primary care to apply to patients presenting with possible AS could contribute to earlier diagnosis. <h3>Methods:</h3> Orthopaedists and primary-care doctors were requested to refer patients with (1) chronic low back pain (duration &gt;3 months) and (2) onset of back pain before &lt;45 years of age to a specialist rheumatology outpatient clinic for further diagnostic investigation if at least one of the following screening parameters was present: (1) inflammatory back pain, (2) positive human leucocyte antigen B27, and (3) sacroiliitis detected by imaging. The final diagnosis was made according to expert opinion. <h3>Results:</h3> In total, 350 referred cases were analysed. A diagnosis of definite axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA), comprising established AS and pre-radiographic axial SpA, could be made in 45.4% of all referred patients (of which 50.3% were classified as AS and 49.7% as preradiographic axial SpA), whereas 45.4% were classified as non-SpA and 9.1% as possible SpA. A diagnosis of definite axial SpA could be made in 34.2% if only one referral parameter was positive, and in 62.6% if there was &gt;1 positive referral parameter. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The proposed referral parameters have proven useful when applied in primary care in identifying patients with AS/pre-radiographic axial SpA among young to middle-aged patients with chronic low back pain.
A COMPARISON OF THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF POST-TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT PARAVALVULAR LEAK GRADING BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC VARC-2 CRITERIA VERSUS CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: Gregory Hartlage, Salim Hayek, Fadi Sawaya, Vasilis Babaliaros, Patricia Keegan, Vinod Thourani, Stamatios Lerakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Critical Care: Standards and Ethics
Authors: J. Divatia, D. Bihari
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed J Tinker, D R G Browne, W Sibbald Arnold, £85 ISBN 0 340 55424 X

Although drawing up standards in critical care medicine is difficult, the authors of this book might have analysed the status quo more critically and provided evidence for or against the recommended current practice—that is, to adopt an evidence based approach. Sadly, the book is patchy.

Most of the chapters in the section on “technological provision” seem to have been written as a primer on critical care yet still contain errors—for example, a dose of …
Abstract 3353: Docosahexaenoic acid enhances 2-deoxyglucose treatment in breast and lung cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Michael Mouradian, Irvin V. Ma, Erika D. Vicente, Amy M. Chattin, Ronald S. Pardini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Increased aerobic glycolysis is a common phenotype of cancer cells and is known as the Warburg effect. Recent studies have focused on targeting cellular metabolism to impede cancer cell growth. Previous findings in our laboratory have demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), can inhibit cancer cell metabolism and reduce intracellular ATP levels. This study investigated the effects of concurrent treatment with DHA with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, in multiple cancer cell models in vitro, BT-474 human breast ductal carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma, and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Dose-dependent decreases in intracellular ATP levels were observed with DHA and 2DG, both alone and in combination. In addition to the significant decreases in ATP levels, large decreases in extracellular lactate concentrations were observed in all three cell lines as well, suggesting that the combination of 2DG and DHA can augment treatment, mimic glucose deprivation and play a role in reducing the Warburg effect. Moreover, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were significantly reduced with the combination of DHA and 2DG, which suggests that the combination of DHA with other metabolic inhibitors, like 2DG, may sensitize cells to current treatment. Our findings show that combining DHA with 2DG enhances the efficacy of 2DG treatment alone, which may help to reduce the cytotoxic effects by 2DG on normal cells. Other metabolic inhibitors are being employed in combination with DHA to determine the mechanisms behind the DHA-induced sensitizing effects, which will provide additional treatment strategies for oncologists and cancer patients. Citation Format: Michael Mouradian, Irvin V. Ma, Erika D. Vicente, Amy M. Chattin, Ronald S. Pardini. Docosahexaenoic acid enhances 2-deoxyglucose treatment in breast and lung cancer cells in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3353. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3353
Screening for familial pancreatic cancer: is doing something better than doing nothing?
Authors: R. E Brand
Journal: Gut (2009)

It is a frustrating and emotional issue for patient and doctor alike when an individual with a family history of pancreatic cancer (PC) seeks counselling on how best to prevent or detect this disease at a curable stage. Uniformly, these individuals have had first-hand experience of the death of a relative from PC—often within a period of months. Thus, doctors have a vulnerable patient population who would readily consider therapies ranging from blood tests to invasive procedures and even to prophylactic pancreatectomy.1 Unlike colon or breast cancer, there are no established screening or surveillance PC guidelines to assist practitioners. Due to a paucity of conclusive data, guidelines for individuals at risk for PC do not exist; however, based on opinion and limited study results, recognised experts in PC created practice recommendations for counselling high-risk individuals (HRIs) including potential surveillance and preventive measures.2

In this issue ( see page 1410 ), Langer and colleagues publish the results of a 5-year, prospective screening study of 76 HRIs from 34 of the available 110 familial PC families (mainly defined in their registry as two or more first-degree relatives affected with PC) using the German National Case Collection for Familial Pancreatic Cancer.3 Their surveillance algorithm proposed yearly …
Interleukins 27 and 6 induce STAT3-mediated T cell production of interleukin 10
Authors: Jason S Stumhofer, Jonathan S Silver, Arian Laurence, Paige M Porrett, Tajie H Harris, Laurence A Turka, Matthias Ernst, Christiaan J M Saris, John J O'Shea, Christopher A Hunter
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)