tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerised tomography of acute traumatic intracranial haematoma: reliability of neurosurgeons' interpretations.
Authors: S Galbraith, G Teasdale, C Blaiklock
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Two neurosurgeons concerned with the emergency management of patients with head injury correctly diagnosed the presence or absence of an acute intracranial haematoma in 97 scans that were presented to them without knowledge of the patients' clinical details. There were no false-positives or false-negatives, although identification of the type of haematoma was not always possible. The impact of the EMI scan on patient management demands new approaches to the care of head injuries.
No Glycemic Benefit From Guar Administration in NIDDM
Authors: R R Holman, J Steemson, P Darling, R C Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

A randomized crossover study of 5-g guar minitablets against placebo, given three times per day with main meals for 8 wk, was done in 29 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who had near-normal fasting plasma glucose concentrations on treatment with diet alone, additional sulfonylurea, or ultralente insulin. Guar did not reduce the excessive postprandial glycemic excursion, glycosylated hemoglobin values, basal plasma glucose concentrations, basal or incremental plasma C-peptide values, or body weight. There were few side effects with either guar or placebo therapy. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced (P &amp;lt; .001) by guar administration (116 ± 23 vs. 104 ± 19 mg/dl). Guar additives did not improve the excessive postprandial glycemia found in NIDDM patients in whom near-normal fasting plasma glucose levels had been obtained.
Predictable prognostic factor of CD56 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with t(8:21) after high dose cytarabine or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Deok‐Hwan Yang, Je‐Jung Lee, Yeung‐Chul Mun, Ho‐Jin Shin, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Sang‐Hee Cho, Ik‐Joo Chung, Chu‐Myong Seong, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract CD56 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been associated with extramedullary leukemia and multidrug resistance, but its clinical and prognostic significance has not been clearly identified. This study examined CD56 expression in 37 adult de novo AML patients with t(8:21). CD56 was expressed in 25 cases (67.6%). Complete remission (CR) rates were similar in both groups (91.7% vs. 88.7%; P = 0.73), but the relapse rates differed considerably (60% vs. 25%; P = 0.02). The median duration of disease‐free survival (DFS) was significantly shorter in the CD56+ (median, 12.2 ± 6.4 months) than in the CD56− group (median, not reached) ( P = 0.02). In addition, the median duration of survival differed significantly in the CD56+ group (median, 14.9 ± 4.4 months) compared with the CD56− group (median, not reached) ( P = 0.01). Of the fifteen transplanted patients who achieved CR, allogeneic HST was performed from their siblings. The median duration of DFS in the CD56+ patients was significantly shorter than the CD56− patients (median, 24.4 ± 4.5 months vs. median, not reached; P = 0.02). We concluded that CD56 expression correlates to a reduced DFS and survival for AML patients with t(8:21), including those patients who underwent transplantation. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary Electrolytes in the Detection of Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: Stephen Wotman, J. Thomas Bigger, Irwin D. Mandel, Herbert J. Bartelstone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 73 patients, 18 with the diagnosis of digitalis toxicity; 22 were nontoxic receiving digitalis and a diuretic, 17 nontoxic receiving digitalis alone, and 16 were normal subjects. Salivary potassium and calcium concentrations were significantly higher in the group with digitalis toxicity than in the nontoxic groups. Whole-saliva potassium concentrations alone identified most of the toxic patients studied. In most cases in which the salivary potassium concentration alone failed to identify digitalis toxicity, the product of potassium and calcium did. The diagnostic usefulness of the salivary electrolyte determination is not dependent on the type of digitalis preparation used. This experience with whole-saliva potassium and calcium concentrations, coupled with earlier animal work, suggests that salivary potassium and calcium analysis is a reliable, rapid and simple method of identifying patients with digitalis toxicity.
Colorectal Cancer Detection in a Community Hospital Screening Program
Authors: John E. Kurnick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In its first 4 1/2 years of operation in the Long Beach Community Hospital Cancer Detection Center, among the 5,595 persons examined, 16 cases of colorectal cancer were discovered. Fourteen of the 16 had symptoms referable to neoplasms. Eight had lesions found on proctosigmoidoscopic examination. Nine had positive findings for occult blood in stool samples, a 7.5% cancer detection rate among the 120 with positive stool sample findings. Six patients with cancer submitted one to four stool specimens that showed negative findings on occult blood testing, and one patient submitted no specimen. Although valuable in screening, stool testing for occult blood will not detect all colonic neoplasms. The complaints of pain, altered bowel habits, or tenesmus warrant sigmoidoscopic examination, barium enema studies, or both, whether findings in stool samples are positive or negative. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2056-2057, 1980)
Hyperventilation. The Vapors. Effort Syndrome. Neurasthenia
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1978)

WHEN Shelley wrote these lines, was he, in fact, hyperventilating? The question is moot: he would not have recognized the term in any case. The concept of hyperventilation, something of a great gooney bird, is only the latest attempt to subsume some diverse symptoms of anxiety in a word. Shelley would probably have called his affliction "the vapours." The term "vapors" is difficult for modern physicians to comprehend, since our understanding of it is that of the primary definition of the dictionary, signifying steam, gas, or visible exhalation. However, in the 19th century, the pleural of the term had a far broader meaning: to wit, a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of strange images float in the consciousness appearing as if real—hence, hypochondriacal affections, depressions of spirit, dejection, spleen, the blues, or, to escalate again to contemporary terminology, a chronic anxiety reaction. The vapors also described a
Self-Injurious Behavior in Women With Eating Disorders
Authors: Thomas Paul, Kirsten Schroeter, Bernhard Dahme, Detlev O. Nutzinger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The authors assessed lifetime and 6-month occurrence and phenomenology of self-injurious behavior in patients with eating disorders.Women (N=376) in inpatient treatment for an eating disorder (anorexia: N=119, bulimia: N=137, eating disorder not otherwise specified: N=120) were assessed for self-injurious behavior and completed the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, the Dissociative Experience Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.The lifetime rate of self-injurious behavior occurrence was 34.6%, with the highest rates found in subjects with eating disorder not otherwise specified (35.8%) and bulimia (34.3%); the 6-month rate of self-injurious behavior occurrence was 21.3%. Multivariate comparisons were computed for the factors of self-injurious behavior and diagnostic subgroup: self-injuring patients reported a significantly higher number of traumatic events, showed significantly higher dissociation scores, and exhibited significantly more obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors. Bulimic patients showed significantly higher impulsivity scores.This study strongly supports the assumption that patients with eating disorders are at risk for self-injurious behavior and points to the necessity of a routine screening for self-injurious behavior as well as the development of a standardized questionnaire. Group comparisons point to the relevance of traumatic experiences and comorbid dissociative phenomenology.
Aluminum Toxicity Due to Intravenous Injection of Boiled Methadone
Authors: Raymund L. Yong, Daniel T. Holmes, Gayatri M. Sreenivasan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: A 42-year-old man who was in rehabilitation for intravenous substance abuse presented with a three-month history of seizures and incoordination.Other symptoms included dysarthria, a hesitant pattern of speech, myoclonic jerks, postural tremor, emotional lability, and fluctuating short-term memory.On questioning he admitted that for four years he had been concentrating his methadone preparation, which was diluted with a grape-flavored drink, by heating it in an uncoated aluminum pot.He would then reconstitute the residue for intravenous injection.His serum aluminum level was 6650 nmol per liter (reference interval, <400).The patient reported that he did not use antacids, had had no occupational exposure to aluminum, and did not use the aluminum pot for cooking.
Comparison of Standard and Large Forceps for Transbronchial Lung Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Lung Infiltrates
Authors: K.P. Wang, R.A. Wise, P.B. Terry, J. Kaplan, E.J. Britt, E.F. Haponik, W.R. Summer, B. Marsh
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

In order to determine whether larger biopsy forceps improve the diagnostic yield over smaller standard forceps, we performed 30 transbronchial biopsy procedures in 28 patients with lung infiltrates using three types of instruments.
No Support for Regional Selectivity in Clozapine-Treated Patients: A PET Study With [<sup>11</sup>C]Raclopride and [<sup>11</sup>C]FLB 457
Authors: Mirjam Talvik, Anna-Lena Nordström, Svante Nyberg, Hans Olsson, Christer Halldin, Lars Farde
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to test the hypothesis of extrastriatal D2 receptor selectivity as the mechanism of action of clozapine. METHOD: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to examine extrastriatal as well as striatal dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in four patients treated with clozapine and three patients treated with haloperidol. The reference radioligand [11C]raclopride was used for determination of D2 receptor occupancy in the striatum. The radioligand [11C]FLB 457 was chosen for determination of D2 receptor occupancy in the thalamus, the temporal cortex, and the frontal cortex. RESULTS: In patients treated with haloperidol the D2 receptor occupancy was high in all examined brain regions. In clozapine-treated patients the D2 receptor occupancy was relatively low in both the striatum and the extrastriatal regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study give no support for the hypothesis of regional selectivity as the mechanism of action for clozapine.
Keratoderma and spastic paralysis
Authors: F. C. POWELL, P. Y. VENENCIE, H. GORDON, R. K. WINKELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Punctate keratoderma and spastic paralysis occurred in three generations of a family. Several members had keratoderma of the palms and soles or spastic paralysis or both. The family history was consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance. The age at onset and the rate of progression of symptoms were variable. The concurrence of these lesions can be interpreted to mean either that the keratoderma and the paraplegia are the pleiotropic effects of the same mutant gene or, less likely, that they are the manifestations of two different autosomal mutations segregating in this family. We are not aware of a similar syndrome having been previously reported. Hereditary keratoderma is classified according to the mode of inheritance (dominant or recessive) and the pattern of involvement (focal, diffuse, or mutilating). Certain well-recognized clinical syndromes are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma, including mal de Meleda (with lesions on the dorsum of the hands and feet, legs, forearm, axilla, and trunk), Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (with periodontal involvement, premature loss of teeth, and psoriasiform lesions on the knees), and Richner-Hanhart syndrome (associated with corneal dystrophy, osseous changes, and mental deficiency). Several miscellaneous syndromes also have been reported in association with hereditary keratoderma, usually in single families, and these syndromes probably are the pleiotropic effects of very rare or even 'private' mutations or the chance association of more than one genetic mutation. We describe a family of Norwegian origin which had focal punctate palmoplantar keratoderma associated with spastic paralysis mainly of the lower limbs. These appeared in three generations, with variable expression in some family members
"Sodium Space" and Body Sodium Content, Exchangeable with Sodium <sup>21</sup> , in Normal Individuals and Patients with Ascites
Authors: GEORGE F. WARNER, NORMAN J. SWEET, ERNEST L. DOBSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Tlie sodium space and body sodium content, exchangeable with sodium 24 , were determined in 20 patients with ascites resulting from hepatic cirrhosis. Values were markedly increased over normal and roughly proportional to the degree of ascites estimated clinically. It appears that the expansion of the sodium space in cirrhosis with ascites represents the actual increase of body fluid due to the ascitic volume. No relationship was found between the serum sodium concentration and body sodium content. In the presence of ascites and/or edema, a deficiency of body sodium content cannot be inferred from a lowered sodium concentration in the serum.
Adenovirus-Induced Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation during the Late Phase of Infection Enhances Viral Protein Levels and Virus Progeny
Authors: Michael Schümann, Matthias Dobbelstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Raf/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling cascade enhances tumor cell proliferation in many cases. Here, we show that adenovirus type 5, a small DNA tumor virus used in experimental cancer therapy, strongly induces ERK phosphorylation during the late phase of infection. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK phosphorylation reduced virus recovery by &amp;gt;100-fold. Blocking MEK/ERK signaling affected virus DNA replication and mRNA levels only weakly but strongly reduced the amount of viral proteins, independently of the kinases MNK1 and PKR. Hence, adenovirus induces the oncogenic Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to enhance viral progeny by sustaining the levels of viral proteins. Concerning therapy, our results suggest that the use of Raf/MEK/ERK inhibitors will interfere with the propagation of oncolytic adenoviruses. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1282-8)
Market Justice and US Health Care
Authors: Peter P. Budetti
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nigerian health authorities worry over exodus of doctors and nurses
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Nigerian health authorities are concerned about the exodus of health staff to overseas countries. Better pay and medical facilities have been cited as the main reason for the flight of Nigerian doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff.

Only recently the Nigerian health minister, Professor Alphonsus Nwosu, promised to do something. “We shall definitely address the problem of doctors and nurses leaving in droves to take up jobs in Europe and North America,” he said.

Mrs Stella Ekpendu, the principal of the School of Nursing of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, said, however, that there was nothing that the government could …
Induction of cytochrome P-4502E1 in the human liver by ethanol is caused by a corresponding increase in encoding messenger RNA
Authors: Toru Takahashi, Jerome M. Lasker, Alan S. Rosman, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The propensity of centrilobular liver damage to develop in alcohol abusers after exposure to various hepatotoxins, including ethanol itself, has been linked to the induction by ethanol of P-4502E1, a microsomal P-450 enzyme that bioactivates these agents to reactive metabolites. Whereas long-term ethanol consumption elicits a marked increase in hepatic P-4502E1 content, the molecular mechanism by which ethanol produces this effect is the subject of controversy in animals, and it has not been elucidated in human beings. Possible mechanisms include increased enzyme synthesis stemming from elevated 2E1 messenger RNA levels, enhanced translation of preexisting messenger RNA or stabilization of P-4502E1 protein. To determine which, if any, of these mechanisms underlies P-4502E1 induction in human beings, we examined the effects of ethanol intake on the hepatic intralobular distribution of P-4502E1 messenger RNA and the corresponding protein. Liver sections derived from needle biopsy specimens were obtained from five recently drinking alcoholics (last drink no more than 36 hr before) and eight control subjects (five abstaining alcoholics [last drink 96 hr or more before] and three nondrinkers). In situ hybridization of these liver sections with a human P-4502E1 complementary DNA probe was used to localize P-4502E1 messenger RNA transcripts. Quantitative image analysis of hybridized sections from control subjects revealed that P-4502E1 transcript content in perivenular (zone 3) hepatocytes was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in midzonal (zone 2) and periportal (zone 1) cells (18.3 +/- 1, 9.5 +/- 2 and 3.1 +/- 2 arbitrary density units, respectively; mean +/- S.E.M.). In recent drinkers, acinar regions containing P-4502E1 transcripts were elevated 2.9-fold compared with those in controls (32.8% +/- 7% vs. 11.2% +/- 2%; p < 0.01), with this messenger RNA increase occurring mainly in perivenular cells (29.6 +/- 3 vs. 18.3 +/- 1 units; p < 0.01). P-4502E1 protein distribution, assessed by the immunohistochemical staining of liver sections with P-4502E1 antibodies, was found to be analogous to that of the messenger RNA in control subjects (the level in perivenular cells was greater than that in midzonal cells, which was greater than that in periportal cells), whereas recent drinkers exhibited marked elevations in enzyme content in both perivenular and midzonal hepatocytes. Moreover, cellular levels of P-4502E1 protein and messenger RNA were significantly correlated (rs = 0.79; p < 0.001) in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Viral antibodies and autoantibodies in chronic liver disease
Authors: D. R. Triger, J. B. Kurtz, R. Wright
Journal: Gut (1974)

Our previous observations of highly significant increases in high titre antibodies to measles and rubella in patients with chronic active hepatitis have been extended and it has been shown that these reactions do not occur in other forms of liver disease. Significant increases in antibody titres to cytomegalovirus have also been found in patients with chronic active hepatitis (p<0.001) and alcoholic and primary biliary cirrhosis (p<0.05). Antibody titres to herpes simplex, varicella/zoster, parainfluenza I, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in all forms of chronic liver disease did not differ from controls. Immunofluorescent autoantibodies were correlated with the viral antibodies and a highly significant correlation with strongly positive antismooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies and measles antibody titres in particular was noted. The possible significance of this correlation is discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the intact liver plays a significant role in the sequestering of antigens.
The Quality of Care: How Can It Be Assessed?
Authors: Daniel Reinharth
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> A critical problem in the schema of quality assessment described by Dr Donabedian<sup>1</sup>in his recent superb article lies in the area of measuring standards of care. With regard to technical aspects of care, the great time, effort, and expense needed to conduct studies from which generally accepted standards of care may be derived ensures that most clinical decisions are based on art rather than science. Furthermore, we live in an era of such rapid scientific and technological advances that study results may be outmoded by the time of publication. A kind of medical Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle exists: the act of deriving standards changes (advances) those standards. Therefore, technical aspects of care are difficult to measure and, when measured, are often inapplicable to assessing quality of care. Another method for establishing standards of quality technical care is that of consensus of experts. These standards, too,
What is a non-inferiority trial?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered by telephone compared with the same therapy given face to face in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial study design was used. The intervention was 10 weekly sessions of exposure therapy and response prevention delivered by telephone or face to face. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the delivery of therapy by telephone was as effective as face to face sessions, the standard mode of delivery.1

The primary outcome measures included the self report version of the Yale Brown obsessive compulsive disorder checklist measured six months after the completion of treatment. The total score for the checklist ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater obsessive compulsiveness. A prespecified non-inferiority margin of 5 units on the Yale Brown checklist was proposed.

Participants were 72 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder recruited from two psychology outpatient departments. In total, 36 participants were randomised to each treatment group. Using an intention to treat analysis, the difference between treatments (face to face sessions minus telephone) in the Yale Brown checklist score at six months’ follow-up was −0.55 (95% confidence interval −4.26 to 3.15).

Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

Statements a , b , and c are all true.

Weekly face to face sessions were …