tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Abnormal binding of mutant apoprotein E to low density lipoprotein receptors of human fibroblasts and membranes from liver and adrenal of rats, rabbits, and cows.
Authors: W J Schneider, P T Kovanen, M S Brown, J L Goldstein, G Utermann, W Weber, R J Havel, L Kotite, J P Kane, T L Innerarity, R W Mahley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Patients with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (F. Dys.), also called familial type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia, are homozygous for a mutant allele, Ed, that specifies an abnormal form of apoprotein (apo) E, a prominent constituent of remnant lipoproteins derived from very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. Apo E is thought to mediate the removal of remnant lipoproteins from the plasma by virtue of its ability to bind to hepatic lipoprotein receptors. In F. Dys. patients, remnant-like lipoproteins accumulate, apparently because of delayed clearance by the liver. In the current studies, we show that the abnormal protein specified by the Ed allele (apo E-D) from some, but not all, patients with F. Dys. has a markedly deficient ability to bind to low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. Apo E was isolated from eight control subjects and nine patients with F. Dys. and incorporated into phospholipid complexes. The complexes were tested for their ability to compete with human 125I-LDL or rabbit 125I-beta-VLDL fo binding to LDL receptors in four assay systems: cultured human fibroblasts, solubilized receptors from bovine adrenal cortex, liver membranes from rats treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol, and liver membranes from normal rabbits. The apo E-D from six of the nine patients with F. Dys. showed binding affinities for LDL receptors that were reduced by greater than 98% in all receptor assays (group 1 patients). All of these group 1 patients were unequivocally of phenotype apo E-D/D by the criterion of isoelectric focussing. The apo E from the three other F. Dys. patients showed a near normal binding ability in all four of the receptor assays (group 2 patients). One of these group 2 patients appeared to have the apo E-D/D phenotype by isoelectric focussing. In the other two patients in group 2, apo E-D was the predominant protein (phenotype, apo E-D/D), but traces of protein in the region corresponding to normal apo E (apo E-N) were also present. The difference between group 1 and group 2 patients was also apparent when the apo E was iodinated and tested directly for binding to liver membranes from rats treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol. The 125I-labeled apo E from a group 2 patient, but not a group 1 patient, showed enhanced uptake when perfused through the liver of an estradiol-treated rate, indicating that the receptor binding ability of apo E correlated with uptake in the intact liver. The current studies allow the subdivision of patients with F. Dys. into two groups. In group 1, the elevated plasma level of remnants appears to be due to a diminished receptor binding activity of the abnormal protein specified by the Ed allele; in group 2 patients, the cause of the elevated plasma level of remnants remains to be explained.
Pentamidine-Induced Derangements of Glucose Homeostasis: Determinant roles of renal failure and drug accumulation: A study of 128 patients
Authors: Roger Assan, Christian Perronne, Dominique Assan, Laurence Chotard, Charles Mayaud, Sophie Matheron, David Zucman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence, presentation, and risk factors of pentami-dine-induced dysglycernia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Blood glucose values were screened in 244 consecutive immunocompromised patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: 116 being treated with cotrimoxazole and 128 others with pentamidine. RESULTS Two cotrimoxazole patients developed diabetes as a result of necrotiz-ing pancreatitis (1.7%); the others remained euglycemic. Forty-eight pentamidine-treated patients (38.5%) developed severe glucose homeostasis disorders: hypoglyce-mia in 7, hypoglycemia and then diabetes in 18, and diabetes alone in 23 (P &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. the cotrimoxazole group). Hypoglycemia was early, sudden, often recurrent, and life-threatening, associated with inappropriately high insulin levels in plasma; the B-cell response to stimuli was poor. Of the 41 diabetic patients, 26 required insulin therapy; their plasma C-peptide levels were lower than normal, and the B-cell secretory responses to stimuli were poor. Islet cell antibodies, insulin antibodies, and insulitis were not detected. The pentamidine-treated dysglycemic patients differed from their euglycemic counterparts by higher pentamidine doses (P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher plasma creatinine levels (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and more severe anoxia (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and shock (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Most of them had received pentamidine mesylate parenterally (n = 36; 75%); six others received the isethionate salt and six exclusively pentamidine aerosols. CONCLUSIONS Pentamidine-induced dysglycemic accidents are primarily due to inappropriate insulin release and toxicity to the islet B-cells. Drug accumulation due to excessive doses, iterative courses, and/or renal impairment is the determining risk factor.
Population Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Human Lactational Transfer of PCB-153 with Consideration of Worldwide Human Biomonitoring Results
Authors: Laurel E. Redding, Michael D. Sohn, Thomas E. McKone, Jein-Wen Chen, Shu-Li Wang, Dennis P. H. Hsieh, Raymond S.H. Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundOne of the most serious human health concerns related to environmental contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is the presence of these chemicals in breast milk.ObjectivesWe developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of PCB-153 in women, and predict its transfer via lactation to infants. The model is the first human, population-scale lactational model for PCB-153. Data in the literature provided estimates for model development and for performance assessment.MethodsWe used physiologic parameters from a cohort in Taiwan and reference values given in the literature to estimate partition coefficients based on chemical structure and the lipid content in various body tissues. Using exposure data from Japan, we predicted acquired body burden of PCB-153 at an average childbearing age of 25 years and compared predictions to measurements from studies in multiple countries. We attempted one example of reverse dosimetry modeling using our PBPK model for possible exposure scenarios in Canadian Inuits, the population with the highest breast milk PCB-153 level in the world.ResultsForward-model predictions agree well with human biomonitoring measurements, as represented by summary statistics and uncertainty estimates.ConclusionThe model successfully describes the range of possible PCB-153 dispositions in maternal milk, suggesting a promising option for back-estimating doses for various populations.
Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: John Goulis, Anastasios Armonis, David Patch, Caroline Sabin, Lynda Greenslade, Andrew K. Burroughs
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Bacterial infection is frequently diagnosed in cirrhotic patients with variceal hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients during the first 5 days after the episode of variceal bleeding in relation to the diagnosis of bacterial infection and use of antibiotics. One hundred seventy-seven consecutive admissions for gastrointestinal bleeding in 151 patients were evaluated prospectively. From them, 163 admissions for variceal bleeding in 137 patients were included in the main analysis. Bleeding was managed in a standardized protocol using octreotide or terlipressin with sclerotherapy or band ligation for active bleeding at endoscopy. The end points were defined as in Baveno guidelines related to transfusion requirement or fresh hematemesis after 6 hours from time zero. The standardized screening protocol for bacterial infection consisted of chest radiograph and blood, urine, and ascitic fluid cultures. Active bleeding was reported at endoscopy in 86 admissions (53%). Failure to control bleeding occurred in 76 patient admissions (47%). Empirical antibiotic treatment was used in 113 admissions (69%), whereas in 81% of them (91 admissions, 56%) 102 bacterial infections were documented. Multivariate analysis showed that proven bacterial infection (P < .0001) or antibiotic use (P < .003) as well as active bleeding at endoscopy (P < .001) and Child-Pugh score (P < .02) were independent prognostic factors of failure to control bleeding. The results remained unchanged when all patient admissions with gastrointestinal bleeding of any source were included in the multivariate analysis. Bacterial infection is associated with failure to control variceal bleeding and needs to be evaluated in the planning and analysis of clinical trials.
585 Peginterferon alpha-2b therapy with and without ribavirin in patients with thalassemia: A randomized study
Authors: S.M. Kamal, A.H. Fouly, M.K. Mohamed, B.W Hochnikos, F.T. Lamont, I.S. Gohary, M.J. Koziel, N.H. Afdhal, M. Sayed, J.W Rasenack
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Abstract 5750: Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: population-based study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Gabriella Andreotti, Ann Hsing
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Biliary tract cancers, encompassing tumors arising from the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater, are relatively uncommon but highly fatal. Higher parity has been linked to increased risks of gallbladder cancer and gallstones, but the effects of other reproductive factors are less clear. Thus, we examined the association between reproductive factors and the risks of biliary tract cancers and biliary stones among women in a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. A total of 361 incident biliary tract cancer cases (269 gallbladder and 92 extrahepatic bile duct), 647 biliary stone cases, and 586 healthy women randomly selected from the population were included. High parity, early age at first birth, and late age at menarche contributed to a higher risk of gallbladder cancer risk, particularly among women with associated biliary stones. Among women with stones, those who had 4 or more children and had their first child before the age of 23 had a 3.3-fold (95% CI 1.06-10.03) risk of gallbladder cancer, while those with menarche at 16 years or later had a 4.0-fold (95% CI 1.19-13.58) risk. Among parous women, breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of bile duct cancer (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.20-0.81). In contrast, menopausal status, age at menopause, duration of menstruation, and oral contraceptive use were not associated with biliary tract cancer risk. No association was found between biliary stones and any of the reproductive factors examined. Our results provide further support for a role of reproductive factors, especially high parity and late age at menarche, in the development of gallbladder cancer among women with biliary stones. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5750.
The effect of short-term corticosteroid incubation on the alloactivating and antigen-presenting capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells
Authors: L.R. BRAATHEN, H. HIRSCHBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The effects of short-term incubation with hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone on the alloactivating capacity and the ability of human epidermal Langerhans cells and peripheral blood monocytes to induce antigen (PPD)-specific T-lymphocyte responses were investigated. The Langerhans cells and the monocytes were treated with different concentrations of the steroids before being added to allogeneic T lymphocytes, and before, after or simultaneously with, pulsing with PPD. Neither steroid inhibited the alloactivating capacity of the Langerhans cells, but a dose-dependent reduction of the stimulatory capacity of antigen-pulsed Langerhans cells and monocytes was obtained with methylprednisolone. Hydrocortisone had inhibitory effects only at high concentration. The inhibition appeared to be due to suppression of the presentation of PPD in immunogeneic form to sensitized T cells.
To a Bosnian Poet
Authors: Ivan Damjanov
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VENDOR SPECIFIC AND INDEPENDENT QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF REGIONAL STRAIN BASED ON 4D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY OF NORMAL SIMULATED CARDIAC MOTION AND INFARCTION AS VALIDATED BY SONOMICROMETRY
Authors: David J. Sahn, Cole Streiff, Meihua Zhu, Sumito Kimura, Eriko Shimada, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Angiotensin II increases glucose utilization during acute hyperinsulinemia via a hemodynamic mechanism.
Authors: T A Buchanan, H Thawani, W Kades, J G Modrall, F A Weaver, C Laurel, R Poppiti, A Xiang, W Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To determine whether hemodynamic changes can modulate insulin action in vivo, we administered angiotensin II (AII) to normal men under three separate, euglycemic conditions. First, in the presence of physiological hyperinsulinemia (approximately 115 microU/ml), infusion of AII at rates of 2, 10, and 20 ng/min per kg caused significant elevations of blood pressure, whole-body glucose clearance, and plasma insulin concentrations in an AII dose-dependent manner. Second, in the presence of plasma insulin concentrations that stimulate glucose transport maximally (approximately 5,000 microU/ml), AII infusions increased whole-body glucose clearance without enhancing glucose extraction across the leg. Third, in the presence of basal insulin concentrations (approximately 13 microU/ml), AII infusions had no effect on whole-body glucose turnover or leg glucose extraction. Thus, AII enhanced whole-body glucose utilization without directly stimulating glucose transport in a major skeletal muscle bed. To evaluate a possible hemodynamic mechanism for the effects of AII on glucose utilization, we measured blood flow to two areas that differ in their sensitivity to insulin: the kidneys and the leg. We found that AII redistributed blood flow away from the predominantly insulin-independent tissues of the kidney and toward the insulin-sensitive tissues of the leg during both sham and hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps. The redistribution of flow had no effect on whole-body glucose turnover when leg glucose uptake was unstimulated (sham clamps). However, when leg glucose uptake was activated by insulin, the redistribution of flow caused a net increase in whole-body glucose utilization. Our findings indicate that hemodynamic factors can modulate insulin action in vivo. Furthermore, our results suggest that variable activity of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to inconsistencies in the association between insulin resistance and hypertension.
Extensive naevoid eccrine spiradenoma
Authors: None BEDLOW, None COOK, None KURWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We describe a 19-year-old girl with a painful naevoid eccrine spiradenoma affecting the right side of the body. This represents an extremely rare variant of this benign eccrine sweat gland tumour, and is the most extensive lesion described in the U.K. to date.
Children's heart surgery unit at Leeds and two other centres were close to "alert" threshold, figures show
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The three year mortality rate for the children’s heart surgery unit at Leeds General Infirmary is close to the “alert” threshold, but so are two of the seven units earmarked to survive under the planned reconfiguration of services, data released by NHS England show.

The report, produced during the temporary closure of the Leeds unit after preliminary figures seemed to show high death rates there, indicates that units at the Evelina Children’s Hospital in London and Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool are also close to the alert point.

The analysis, conducted by the National Institute for Cardiovascular …
THE INFLUENCE OF A LOW ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE ON THE ELECTROPHORESIS OF LYMPHOCYTES OF DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Harold A. Abramson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. Small lymphocytes in serum at 37 degrees C. migrate toward the anode under experimental conditions described. 2. The electromotive force of 0.8 volt per cm. under the same conditions produced a straight line velocity which approximated that reported by McCutcheon for spontaneous velocity after his preparation had been studied over 5 hours. 3. Keeping the lymphocytes on ice up to 30 hours did not produce an appreciable difference in velocity of straight line migration from that speed determined if the cells were studied immediately. 4. The possible relationships between the type and order of magnitude of the electromotive force passing between injured and normal tissues and the electromotive force used experimentally are briefly discussed.
New insights in social behavior. A new area of responsibility for the physician
Authors: V. C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

None of us need to be reminded that in the world in which we live today there is a pressing need for better understanding of factors which determine the relationships between individuals, between families, and between peoples and nations. The planet is convulsed and its life seriously threatened by tensions and misunderstanding which grow out of the varying senses of identity, role, and purpose which distinguish individuals, groups, and cultures from each other. As we grope for some insight as to how this state of affairs came to pass, our attention is turned to some aspects of growth and development which indicate how the medical profession can be one of the catalysts which will accelerate the achievement of a steady state in human affairs. For human action and interaction is in the final analysis rooted in human biology. As a group of citizens with unique background in human biology, physicians
Ethics and Aesthetics of Medical Research
Authors: F. Bergel
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The Reason WhyThe main reason for looking into medical research at this moment, nationally and internationally, from the top and from below, is that it has reached a kind of cross-roads, and it appears, from many signs on all levels, that it will have to submit to some sort of reorganization-maybe even reformation.One might argue that the successes of medical research, especially during the last 20 years have been so great that the question arises, Why tinker with the basis from which they sprang ?
Association of Osteoprotegerin With Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression
Authors: Corey S. Moran, Moira McCann, Mirko Karan, Paul Norman, Natkunam Ketheesan, Jonathan Golledge
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by destruction of the arterial media associated with loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, infiltration of mononuclear cells, and high concentration of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokines. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has recently been identified in atherosclerosis. The presence and functional importance of OPG in human AAA was investigated.In 146 men with small AAA followed up by ultrasound for 3 years, serum OPG was weakly correlated with aneurysm growth rate. Western analysis showed 3-, 8-, and 12-fold-greater OPG concentrations in human AAA biopsies compared with biopsies of atherosclerotic narrowed aorta (1.4+/-0.1 versus 0.5+/-0.1 ng/mg tissue; P=0.002), postmortem nondiseased abdominal aorta (1.4+/-0.1 versus 0.2+/-0.1 ng/mg tissue; P<0.001), and nondiseased thoracic aorta (1.4+/-0.1 versus 0.1+/-0.06 ng/mg tissue; P<0.001). Healthy human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells incubated with recombinant human (rh)OPG (0 to 20 ng rhOPG/10(5) cells per 1 mL per 24 hours) developed an aneurysmal phenotype defined by impaired cell proliferation (P<0.001), increased apoptosis (P<0.01), and increased MMP-9 (92 kDa) expression (P<0.001). Incubation of monocytic THP-1 cells with 1 ng rhOPG/10(5) cells per 1 mL per 24 hours induced a 2-fold increase in MMP-9 expression (P<0.001), a 1.5-fold increase in MMP-2 activity (P=0.005), and a 2-fold stimulation of IL-6 production in these cells (P=0.02). Finally, secretion of OPG from human AAA explant was abrogated by treatment with the angiotensin II blocker irbesartan, with the reduction in secreted levels averaging 63.0+/-0.9 ng/mg tissue per 48-hour period.These findings support a role for OPG in the growth of human AAA and suggest a potential benefit for angiotensin II blockade in slowing aneurysm expansion.
RAYNAUD'S DISEASE
Authors: G.M. GARLAND
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal