tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sperm shape abnormalities in carbaryl-exposed employees
Authors: A. J. Wyrobek, G. Watchmaker, L. Gordon, K. Wong, D. Moore, D. Whorton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Semen was collected from 50 men occupationally exposed to carbaryl (1-naphthyl methyl carbamate) in a produciton plant for durations of 1 to 18 years and compared to semen from a control group of 34 unexposed, newly-hired workers. Employment, fertility, health, personal data, and blood samples were collected for each individual. Semen samples were analyzed for changes in sperm count, morphology, and frequency of sperm carrying double flourescent bodies (YFF). As a group, the exposed workers showed a significantly higher proportion of sperm with abnormal head shapes than did the control group (p &lt; 0.005). Age, smoking habits, and medical problems did not appear to affect this result. This finding appears to be limited to men working in the carbaryl production area at the time of sampling. Sperm count and YFF did not show similar differences, which may be because they are known to be statistically less sensitive to small changes. Formerly exposed workers (away from carbaryl for an average of 6.3 years) showed a marginally significant elevation in sperm abnormalities compared to controls (p &lt; .05, one-tailed statistical analyses) suggesting that the increase in abnormal morphology may not be reversible. However, the question of reversibility is sensitive to confounding factors and small sample sizes and, therefore, requires further study. With these data a definitive link between carbaryl exposure and human seminal defects cannot be established. Although a distinct effect on sperm morphology was seen in the exposed group, the increases in sperm shape abnormalities were not related to exposure dose (estimated by number of years on the job or job classification during the year prior to semen collection). Inexplicably, the increases in sperm abnormalities were seen primarily in currently exposed men who had worked with carbaryl for less than approximately 6 years. These findings suggest the need for further study since other workplace-related factor(s) may be responsible for the elevated sperm abnormalities seen in this study.
TCT-785 Comparison of 30-day Major Vascular Complications between Transfemoral and Transapical Accesses in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: an Updated Meta-Analysis using Standardized Definitions
Authors: Rhanderson N. Cardoso, Abhijit Ghatak, Chirag Bavishi, Conrad Macon, Brian O'Neill, Vikas Singh, Carlos Alfonso, Alexandre Ferreira, Alan W. Heldman, William W. O'Neill, Eduardo de Marchena, Mauricio G. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Routine Chest X-ray Film
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article in<i>Science</i>was entitled, "Mobile TB X-ray Units: An Obsolete Technology Lingers."1 "Mass Chest X-ray Screening—An Idea Whose Time Has Gone" is the title on the cover of the National Tuberculosis Association's October<i>Bulletin</i>. Mass screening employed two strategies. One was the mobile van carrying photofluorography equipment, the other the educational program to persuade the general public of the value of the yearly x-ray film of the chest. The minifilm used by the photofluorographic method may cost about 50 cents, compared to a full-size film which will cost about $1.25 for film, technician's time, and development (both costs are exclusive of capital investment and overhead which are not different for the two methods). The disadvantage of the photofluorographic method is the much larger radiation dose, ranging from 500 to 1,000 mrem compared to 50 mrem for the standard x-ray technique. Very recently, the usefulness
Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia: Multiple-drug Chemotherapy for Acute Transformation
Authors: A. D. S. Spiers, C. Costello, D. Catovsky, D. A. G. Galton, J. M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The response to 60 trials of therapy in 50 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) in acute transformation is reported. None of the 13 patients who received single-agent chemotherapy had a satisfactory response. The use of two drugs in combination produced only one satisfactory response in 30 patients. Various types of multiple-drug treatments in eight patients achieved one good response which lasted four months. In contrast when nine patients with rapidly progressive acute transformation of C.G.L. received a regimen-TRAMPCO(L)-incorporating seven or eight drugs (thioguanine, daunorubicin, cytarabine, methotrexate, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine, with or without L-asparaginase colaspase) five improved significantly. Four patients had a good clinical and haematological response with survival for over three, eight, over 12, and 14 and a half months; and one patient had a partial response. Toxicity was not extreme and maintenance therapy with the same regimen was given on an outpatient basis. TRAMPCO(L) seems superior to previously reported regimens and should be considered for rapidly progressive transformation of C.G.L. especially when simpler treatments have failed.
STUDIES IN PORPHYRIA
Authors: Attallah Kappas, H. Leon Bradlow, Peter N. Gillette, T. F. Gallagher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

A variety of 5beta steroid metabolites derived from hormones natural to man are potent inducers experimentally of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in porphyrin-heme formation. This mitochondrial enzyme is found at high levels of activity in the livers of patients with the genetic disease, acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). In this study the metabolism of (14)C-labeled testosterone was examined in AIP patients to determine whether there was a disproportionate conversion of the hormone to its 5beta, compared to its 5alpha metabolite. The results indicate that AIP subjects do generate a substantially greater than normal fraction of 5beta metabolite from this steroid; the excessive degree of ring A reduction of testosterone taking place via the 5beta pathway in the porphyric patients averages 350% greater than in the nonporphyric subjects. In one asymptomatic AIP patient the disproportionate generation of 5beta metabolite from the hormone reached a level 10 times the normal mean. Studies with a second (14)C-labeled hormone, dehydroisoandrosterone, whose metabolism in man resembles that of testosterone, confirmed the derangement in reductive transformation of steroids found in the individuals carrying the genetic lesion of AIP. These findings define a new endocrine abnormality in AIP patients and raise the possibility that endogenously derived 5beta steroids may contribute by an induction mechanism to the increased levels of hepatic delta-aminolevulinate synthetase activity found in AIP patients.
Genetic architecture of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Olivo Miotto, Roberto Amato, Elizabeth A Ashley, Bronwyn MacInnis, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Chanaki Amaratunga, Pharath Lim, Daniel Mead, Samuel O Oyola, Mehul Dhorda, Mallika Imwong, Charles Woodrow, Magnus Manske, Jim Stalker, Eleanor Drury, Susana Campino, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Thuy-Nhien Nguyen Thanh, Hien Tinh Tran, Pascal Ringwald, Delia Bethell, Francois Nosten, Aung Pyae Phyo, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Kesinee Chotivanich, Char Meng Chuor, Chea Nguon, Seila Suon, Sokunthea Sreng, Paul N Newton, Mayfong Mayxay, Maniphone Khanthavong, Bouasy Hongvanthong, Ye Htut, Kay Thwe Han, Myat Phone Kyaw, Md Abul Faiz, Caterina I Fanello, Marie Onyamboko, Olugbenga A Mokuolu, Christopher G Jacob, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Christopher V Plowe, Nicholas P Day, Arjen M Dondorp, Chris C A Spencer, Gilean McVean, Rick M Fairhurst, Nicholas J White, Dominic P Kwiatkowski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Perspectives on Lung Cancer
Authors: HAROLD LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 April 1971Perspectives on Lung CancerHAROLD LEVINE, M.D.HAROLD LEVINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-4-637 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I trust the title "Lung Cancer: Perspectives and Prospects" (ANNALS, 73:1003-1024, 1970) was chosen tongue-in-cheek. An excellent article but one that should either have appeared in The Journal of Negative Results or perhaps even Mad Comics.Piddling survival increases are considered "significant" because the P values are > 0.05. It surely must be noted that this "significance" is with regard to scientific validity, but the techniques contribute almost nothing to the control of this increasingly prevalent killer.As an example, take the statement "surprisingly, the 5-year survival of all diagnosed and registered patients almost tripled from 3%... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cook County Hospital Chicago, Ill. 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySynthesis of Five-Membered Nitroazoles 1 April 1971Volume 74, Issue 4Page: 637-637KeywordsLung and intrathoracic tumors Issue Published: 1 April 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Insulin Binding to Monocytes and Insulin Action in Human Obesity, Starvation, and Refeeding
Authors: Ralph A. Defronzo, Vijay Soman, Robert S. Sherwin, Rosa Hendler, Philip Felig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin action in vivo was examined in 14 obese subjects during the postabsorptive state and after starvation and refeeding. Tissue sensitivity to insulin was evaluated with the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained 100 μU/ml above the fasting level, and plasma glucose is held constant by a variable glucose infusion. The amount of glucose infused is a measure of tissue sensitivity to insulin and averaged 285±15 mg/m2 per min in controls compared to 136±13 mg/m2 per min in obese subjects (P <0.001). 125I-Insulin binding to monocytes averaged 8.3±0.4% in controls vs. 4.6±0.5% in obese subjects (P < 0.001). Insulin binding and insulin action were highly correlated in both control (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) and obese (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) groups. Studies employing tritiated glucose to measure glucose production indicated hepatic as well as extrahepatic resistance to insulin in obesity.
Undue Absorption of Lead among Children — A New Look at an Old Problem
Authors: Jane S. Lin-Fu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE Surgeon General's Policy Statement on Medical Aspects of Childhood Lead Poisoning released in November, 1970,1 called attention to an important but neglected subject – the phase of undue absorption of lead (i.e. absorption beyond that which normally occurs from intake of uncontaminated food, water and air) that generally precedes leadpaint poisoning in children. According to the Statement, all children with excessive absorption of lead, as indicated by a blood lead concentration of 40 or more μg per 100 ml of whole blood, confirmed on two separate occasions, should be investigated. Children found to be currently exposed, whether or not . . .
Mesenteric Arterial Insufficiency
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Pathologically, atherosclerosis is a spotty disease of the arteries, both in the manner of affecting vessels individually and in its distribution among arteries generally. For the latter reason, in one group of persons (the largest group), coronary artery syndromes predominate, while in other groups, vascular involvement first affects other organs—the brain, the aorta, the lower extremities, the intestines. Atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries provokes a variety of syndromes, depending on the extent of involvement, the rapidity with which it develops, and other factors. When atherosclerosis is extensive and suddenly complicated by thrombosis, intestinal infarction results in the clinical manifestations of an acute abdominal catastrophe. Then, whether or not the diagnosis has been confirmed by arteriography, surgical exploration of the abdomen almost always follows. At that time, the surgeon is faced with a difficult decision, namely, whether to do nothing, to resect infarcted bowel (a procedure leading to high mortality), or
Amoxycillin: A new Semi-synthetic Penicillin
Authors: R. Sutherland, E. A. P. Croydon, G. N. Rolinson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Amoxycillin (α-amino-<i>p</i>-hydroxybenzylpenicillin) is a new semi-synthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity similar to that of ampicillin. Penicillin-sensitive strains of staphylococci, streptococci, and pneumococci were sensitive to concentrations of 0·1 μg or less of amoxycillin/ml. Strains of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> were inhibited by a level of 0·5 μg/ml, and most strains of <i>Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella</i> species, and <i>Streptococcus faecalis</i> were sensitive to a concentration of 5 μg or less of amoxycillin/ml. Penicillinase-producing strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, indole-positive <i>Proteus, Klebsiella</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> were insensitive to amoxycillin. The new penicillin was bactericidal in activity, as with other penicillins, and its antibacterial activity was not reduced in the presence of serum. After oral administration to volunteer subjects amoxycillin produced serum concentrations twice as high as those obtained with similar doses of ampicillin, and the penicillin was recovered unchanged in high concentrations in the urine. The absorption of amoxycillin was not greatly influenced by food, and administration of probenecid resulted in increased and more prolonged concentrations of amoxycillin in serum.
Transforming Growth Factor β Induces Clustering of HER2 and Integrins by Activating Src-Focal Adhesion Kinase and Receptor Association to the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Shizhen Emily Wang, Bin Xiang, Roy Zent, Vito Quaranta, Ambra Pozzi, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract It has been proposed that cross talk between integrin and growth factor receptor signaling such as ErbB2 (HER2) is required for activation of downstream effectors and ErbB2-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Here we show that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK)–dependent clustering of HER2 and integrins α6, β1, and β4 in HER2-overexpressing mammary epithelial cells without altering the total and surface levels of HER2 receptors. This effect was mediated by ligand-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the subsequent phosphorylation of Src and FAK. We have previously reported that TGF-β up-regulates EGFR ligand shedding through a mechanism involving the phosphorylation of tumor necrosis factor-α–converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17). Knockdown of TACE, FAK, or integrin α6 by siRNA or inhibition of EGFR or Src by specific inhibitors abrogated TGF-β–induced receptor clustering and signaling to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt. Finally, inhibition of Src-FAK reversed TGF-β–induced resistance to the therapeutic HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that, by activating Src-FAK, TGF-β integrates ErbB receptor and integrin signaling to induce cell migration and survival during breast cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):475–82]
Gilbert's syndrome: evidence of morphological heterogeneity.
Authors: J Dawson, D L Carr-Locke, I C Talbot, F D Rosenthal
Journal: Gut (1979)

Hepatic ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy in 25 patients with Gilbert's syndrome and the changes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum quantified by grid technique. Thirteen patients showed gross hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). These were designated Gilbert's EM Positive. The remaining 12, designated Gilbert's EM Negative, did not differ significantly from normal controls. The EM Positive group showed a significantly greater percentage response to caloric restriction (P less than 0.01) and an exaggerated response to nicotinic acid stimulation when compared with the EM Negative group and normal controls. These results suggest that SER hypertrophy is not, as previously suggested, a constant feature of Gilbert's syndrome but rather a characteristic of a distinct subpopulation.
PTU-168 ‘Tomatoes Wearing Sunglasses’ Are Hard to Swallow – an Analysis of the Prevalence, Presenting Features &amp; Investigation Findings in Patients with Eosinophilic Oesophagitis at a District General Hospital
Authors: R Nathwani, I Al Bakir, R Swamy, R Dent, D L Morris
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE) is a recently described disorder of unclear aetiology and prevalence. Most published studies emanate from international and tertiary referral centres, with a greater focus on the paediatric population, where the disease is better described. We present one of the largest case series of adult patients with EoE managed in a typical UK district general hospital. We describe the patient demographics, presenting features and investigation findings. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical records at the East and North Hertfordshire NHS trust from January 2009 to December 2012 to identify patients with EoE. The diagnosis of EoE was confirmed by symptoms, the presence of more than 15 eosinophils (likened by pathologists to “tomatoes wearing sunglasses”) per HPF on oesophageal biopsy, and the absence of an alternative diagnosis. Data fields collected included gender, history of atopy, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, peripheral eosinophil count, and serum allergy testing. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 45 patients with EoE in this 3 year period. With an estimated catchment population of 545,820, the prevalence of EoE in our local population is about 0.8 per 10,000 people. 33 patients were male and 12 were female, giving an approximate male:female ratio of 3:1. The average cohort age was 52 years. Presenting symptoms were dysphagia in 82% (n = 37), food bolus obstruction in 36% (n = 16), reflux in 24% (n = 11) and abdominal pain in 9% (n = 4). The time to diagnosis ranged from 0 to 15 years. On endoscopy, 71% (n = 32) had typical features of EoE. The remaining 29% had a normal gastroscopy. We estimate that EoE is responsible for about 2% of all gastroscopies performed for dysphagia at our trust. 32 patients were questioned about a history of atopy; 81% (n = 26) had a confirmed history. Of the 41 patients who had a full blood count cheque, 15% (n = 6) had a peripheral eosinophilia. Total IgE levels were checked in 17 patients; 16 (94%) had elevated levels. Food allergy testing for cod, wheat, egg, soya, milk and nuts was performed in 15 patients. 9 of these patients (60%) had a positive test, the most common allergens being wheat (n = 7) and egg (n = 5). <h3>Conclusion</h3> EoE is a common diagnosis in patients presenting with dysphagia. This case series highlights the importance of obtaining oesophageal biopsies when endoscopic appearances are normal. Given the prevalence of EoE, and the variation in assessment even within one trust, national guidelines are required to standardise diagnostic and management pathways for patients with EoE. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
DECREASED BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PATIENTS
Authors: N. D. LaFrance, J. J.S. Chen, J. Huth, J. Rock, W. Schlaff, A. C. Civelek, H. N. Wagner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Ali et al reported last year (J Nucl Med 28(4): 628–629) no correlation between bone loss in leuprolide or danazol therapy, conflicting previous reports showing a correlation. We report the preliminary results on 6 patients ages 31–46 studied longitudinally during treatment with leuprolide, a GnRH agonist (2/5 had amenorrhea) for 6–7 months and 4 placebo controls (interval 6–12 months). Dual photon absorptiometry was performed on lumbar vertebrae 1–4 and the hip (Wards triangle, the femoral neck and trochanteric region). Changes were defined as significant in a difference of 6% was measured. Serial studies in these patients showed: Leuprolide (n=6) Placebo (n=4) L2-L4 no change 5 2 increase 0 1 decrease 1 0 Femur no change 2 2 Increase 2 2 decrease 2 0 We conclude that: 1) leuprolide can cause decreases in BMD in some patients, 2) decreased BMD tended to be greater in leuprolide patients, and 3) because of the variety of findings in at least three reports of leuprolide, BMD should be monitored in patients taking GnRH agonists. Our studies are continuing for additional patients and for longer treatment times.
Differential regulation of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on surface roughness gradients
Authors: Ana B. Faia-Torres, Stefanie Guimond-Lischer, Markus Rottmar, Mirren Charnley, Tolga Goren, Katharina Maniura-Weber, Nicholas D. Spencer, Rui L. Reis, Marcus Textor, Nuno M. Neves
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Binding of the Novel Nonxanthine A <sub>2A</sub> Adenosine Receptor Antagonist [ <sup>3</sup> H]SCH58261 to Coronary Artery Membranes
Authors: Luiz Belardinelli, John C. Shryock, Jackie Ruble, Angela Monopoli, Silvio Dionisotti, Ennio Ongini, Donn M. Dennis, Stephen P. Baker
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

This study demonstrates quantification of A 2A adenosine receptors (A 2A AdoRs) in membranes prepared from porcine coronary arteries, porcine striatum, and PC12 cells. Radioligand binding assays were performed using the new selective A 2A AdoR antagonist radioligand [ 3 H]-5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-ε]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- c )pyrimidine ([ 3 H]SCH58261). Binding of the radioligand to membranes was rapid, reversible, and saturable. The densities of A 2A AdoRs in membranes prepared from porcine coronary arteries, porcine striatum, and PC12 cells were 900±61, 892±35, and 959±76 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Equilibrium dissociation constants ( K d values) calculated from results of saturation binding assays were 2.19, 1.20, and 0.81 nmol/L, and K d values calculated from results of association and dissociation assays were 2.42, 1.01, and 0.40 nmol/L for [ 3 H]SCH58261 binding to membranes prepared from porcine coronary arteries, porcine striatum, and PC12 cells, respectively. The specific binding of [ 3 H]SCH58261 as a percentage of total binding at a radioligand concentration equal to the K d value was 65% to 90% in the three membrane preparations. The order of ligand potencies determined by assay of competition binding to sites in porcine coronary membranes using [ 3 H]SCH58261, unlabeled antagonists ( SCH58261 , 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine [CSC], and xanthine amine congener [XAC]), and unlabeled agonists ([ 3 H]2- p -(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine [CGS 21680], 2-hexynyl-5′- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine [HE-NECA], [ 3 H]5′- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine [NECA], and R (−) N 6 -(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine [R-PIA]) was SCH58261 &gt;HE-NECA=CSC=CGS 21680=XAC&gt;NECA=R-PIA. The Hill coefficients of displacement by A 2A AdoR ligands of [ 3 H]SCH58261 binding were not significantly different from unity, indicating that [ 3 H]SCH58261 bound to a group of homogeneous noninteracting sites in all membrane preparations. The order of ligand potencies to compete for [ 3 H]SCH58261 binding sites in porcine striatal and PC12 cell membranes was, in part, different from that for porcine coronary arterial membranes. The different rank orders of potencies for agonists and antagonists at A 2A receptors of porcine coronary arteries, striatum, and PC12 cells and significant differences in absolute values of potency of ligands in the three preparations may indicate the existence of different subtypes of A 2A AdoRs. The antagonist radioligand [ 3 H]SCH58261 should be of value for pharmacological characterization of A 2A adenosine receptors in other preparations.