tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical studies of amyloid P component and fibronectin in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: S.M. BREATHNACH, B. BHOGAL, F.C.DE BEER, S.M. MELROSE, M.M. BLACK, M.B. PEPYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Immunofluorescence staining of exposed skin from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) with antibodies to serum amyloid P component (SAP) and to fibronectin produced striking fluorescence of abnormal vascular structures in the upper dermis. An appearance of linear fluorescence along the dermo-epidermal junction with anti-SAP was the result of confluent staining of papillary oxytalan fibres. Amyloid P component (AP) was localized in ultrastructural immunoperoxidase studies to the peripheral (abluminal) regions of thickened dermal vessel walls, the site of maximum concentration of an amorphous matrix containing microfibrillar structures; antibodies to SAP did not bind to leaflets of the reduplicated vascular basal lamina. The characteristic thickening and reduplication of blood vessel walls seen with the electron microscope in EPP therefore involves increased local deposition of both AP and fibronectin.
HYDATID CYST OF THE LIVER IN CHILDREN.
Authors: WILLIAM FITCH CHENEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In children, hydatid cyst of the liver appears to be a very rare disease, especially in the United States. Our text books on pediatrics dismiss the subject with but few words. Koplik, so far as I can find, makes no reference to it at all in the last edition of his work. Rotch says "Echinococcus cysts are so rare in early life that they need merely be mentioned as of possible occurrence." Holt says "Echinococcus disease of the liver, while rare among adults in this country, is almost unknown in children. I have been able to find but two recorded cases in America." American medical journals likewise pass the matter by without comment. In the Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, brought up to 1903, there are but four references to the subject of hydatids in children, two in Italian literature, one in Russian, and one in
Human CD34+ cells engineered to express membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand target both tumor cells and tumor vasculature
Authors: Cristiana Lavazza, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Arianna Giacomini, Loredana Cleris, Marco Righi, Daniela Sia, Massimo Di Nicola, Michele Magni, Paolo Longoni, Marco Milanesi, Maura Francolini, Annunziata Gloghini, Antonino Carbone, Franca Formelli, Alessandro M. Gianni
Journal: Blood (2010)
INDUCTION OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN SENSITIVE HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BY EXTRACTS CONTAINING DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM RESISTANT HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
Authors: Hattie E. Alexander, Grace Leidy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Resistance to streptomycin, of a degree exceeding 1000 µg. per ml., has been induced in sensitive strains of Hemophilus influenzae by exposure for 10 minutes to desoxyribonucleic acid-containing extracts isolated from a strain of type b Hemophilus influenzae which had emerged resistant to 1000 µg. of streptomycin per ml. DNA is essential for the process which brings out this change; the reaction can be prevented by destruction of the DNA with crystalline desoxyribonuclease.The resistant trait which is created in this way is heritable. The nature of the process which induces resistance is similar in all respects to the reaction which induces heritable changes in type specificity of H. influenzae. These results offer another example of the gene-like action of highly specific DNA's. The pattern of resistance brought out in a bacterial population exposed to the DNA-containing, resistance-inducing extract, is similar to that which occurs when emergence of resistance of H. influenzae to streptomycin follows the selection by streptomycin of spontaneously occurring resistant mutants. The change in a bacterial cell from average susceptibility to streptomycin to resistance to 1000 µg. of streptomycin per ml. can occur in a single step.
FDG PET CT Features of an Intraabdominal Gossypiboma
Authors: Tsai Yuh-Feng, Wu Chin-Chu, Su Cheng-Tau, Tseng Min-Tsung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Retained surgical sponge or gossypiboma in the abdominal cavity is an infrequent but serious surgical complication that may lead to medicolegal problem. The incidence of a surgical sponge retained at operation is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported as 1 in 100 to 3000 for all surgical interventions and 1 in 1000 to 1500 for intraabdominal operations. The natural evolution of a retained sponge, if aseptic, is to cause a foreign body reaction, followed by organization to form a foreign body granuloma, which may mimic a soft tissue neoplasm. Although features of CT and MR imaging of gossypibomas have been documented in the literature, they have often been misinterpreted preoperatively owing to the rarity of gossypibomas in daily clinical practice and to the low index of clinical suspicion. We report the FDG PET CT findings of a 42-year-old woman who had undergone cesarean sections twice previously, with an intraabdominal gossypiboma found incidentally in a routine health examination. We hope the PET CT findings in this case offer us useful adjunctive information to conventional imaging studies in the diagnosis of gossypiboma.
Heme Synthesis in Pyridoxine-Responsive Anemia
Authors: William R. Vogler, Elizabeth S. Mingioli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE typical case of spontaneously occurring pyridoxine-responsive anemia in human beings has been characterized by hypochromic, microcytic red cells, normoblastic proliferation in the bone marrow, hyperferremia, increased iron stores, abnormal tryptophan metabolism and an optimal response to pyridoxine.1 Even after the hemoglobin level has returned to normal, red-cell morphology remains abnormal. Of 72 cases reported by Horrigan and Harris2 only 25 fitted this typical description. The majority of patients demonstrated an incomplete response to vitamin B6. Ten patients had megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow. Some had no demonstrable abnormality of tryptophan metabolism. Others showed partial responses to . . .
AN OPERATION FOR HALLUX VALGUS
Authors: PERCY WILLARD ROBERTS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Notwithstanding the variety of operations proposed and used for the common deformity of hallux valgus, the appearance of the feet after operation has not been satisfactory in a considerable number of cases either to the patient or to the surgeon. It is true that relief of pain is the chief end sought, and this may be gained by any procedure that removes both the exostosis on the exposed border of the head of the first metatarsal and the bursa overlying it. However, if in addition to this a normally straight toe can be produced without jeopardizing function, the final result would be more gratifying, and, as a matter of fact, it is not difficult to attain. The fundamental causes of the postoperative recurrence of the deformity are the distorting line of pull of the tendon of the extensor hallucis muscle, and an alteration in the plane of the articular surfaces
Successful mutation-specific chaperone therapy with 4-phenylbutyrate in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2
Authors: Emmanuel Gonzales, Brigitte Grosse, Doris Cassio, Anne Davit-Spraul, Monique Fabre, Emmanuel Jacquemin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is due to mutations in ABCB11 encoding the canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP) of hepatocyte. Liver transplantation is usually required. 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PB) has been shown in vitro to retarget some selected mutated apical transporters. After an in vitro study in a hepatocellular polarized line, we tested 4-PB treatment in a child with a homozygous p.T1210P BSEP mutation.Can 10 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding wild type Bsep (Bsep(wt)) and mutated p.T1210P Bsep (Bsep(T1210P)), both tagged with GFP. Then, cells were treated with 4-PB at 37 or 27°C, immunostained and analyzed using confocal microscopy. The child received 4-PB orally in two divided doses and BSEP liver immunostaining was performed before and after 4-PB as well as bile analysis.In Can 10 cells, in contrast to Bsep(wt)-GFP, Bsep(T1210P)-GFP was not detected at the canalicular membrane but in the endoplasmic reticulum. 4-PB as well as incubation at 27°C partially corrected Bsep(T1210P)-GFP targeting to the canalicular membrane, while combined treatments resulted in normal canalicular localization. In the child, we showed that 4-PB improved clinical and biological parameters of cholestasis and liver function. Also, canalicular expression of p.T1210P BSEP mutant was partially corrected as was biliary bile acid excretion.The results illustrate for the first time the therapeutic potential of a clinically approved chaperone drug in a selected patient with PFIC2 and support that bile secretion improvement might be due to the ability of 4-PB to retarget mutated BSEP.
Randomized Phase III Study of 1 Month Versus 1 Year of Adjuvant High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Patients With Resected High-Risk Melanoma
Authors: Dimitrios Pectasides, Urania Dafni, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Dimosthenis Skarlos, Aristidis Polyzos, Dimosthenis Tsoutsos, Haralambos Kalofonos, George Fountzilas, Petros Panagiotou, George Kokkalis, Othon Papadopoulos, Ourania Castana, Stefanos Papadopoulos, Elias Stavrinidis, Georgia Vourli, John Ioannovich, Helen Gogas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

A high-dose interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) regimen as reported in E1684 was unique for the incorporation of an induction phase of maximally tolerated dosages of intravenous (IV) therapy for the initial 4 weeks. This is the only trial that has shown prolongation of overall survival and relapse-free survival (RFS) in comparison with observation. Analysis of the hazard curves for RFS and overall survival (OS) in E1684 revealed separation of the high-dose and observation arms, suggesting that the induction phase may represent a critical component of this regimen, although this has not been tested prospectively.We conducted a prospective randomized study of IV induction therapy versus a full year of high-dose IFN, with primary end points of RFS and OS for patients with stage IIB, IIC, and III melanoma, within 56 days of curative surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive IFN-alpha-2b 15 x 10(6) U/m2 IV x 5/7 days weekly x 4 weeks (arm A) versus the same regimen followed by IFN-alpha-2b 10 x 10(6) U (flat dose) administered subcutaneously three times a week for 48 weeks (arm B).Between 1998 and 2004, 364 patients were enrolled (353 eligible: arm A, n = 177; arm B, n = 176). At a median follow-up of 63 months (95% CI, 58.1 to 67.7), the median RFS was 24.1 months versus 27.9 months (P = .9) and the median OS was 64.4 months versus 65.3 months (P = .49). Patients in arm B had more grade 1 to 2 hepatotoxicity, nausea/vomiting, alopecia, and neurologic toxicity.There were no significant differences in OS and RFS between the regimens of 1 month and 1 year of treatment.
Hyperglycemia and compositional lipoprotein abnormalities as predictors of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: a 15-year follow-up from the time of diagnosis.
Authors: L Niskanen, A Turpeinen, I Penttilä, M I Uusitupa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: We studied the 15-year cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and of nondiabetic control subjects and the predictors of cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a 15-year prospective study of 133 middle-aged patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 144 control subjects. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in both groups at baseline and after 5 and 10 years. RESULTS: Total mortality was markedly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (total: 44.3 vs. 12.9% for men, age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.0, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 44.4 vs. 11.0% for women, OR 5.2, P &amp;lt; 0.001), which was due to increased cardiovascular mortality (ORs for men and women: 6.2 and 11.2, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). The incidences of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke were likewise higher in diabetic patients. In univariate analyses and various multiple logistic regression analyses, hyperglycemia was a constant predictor of cardiovascular mortality assessed at the time of diagnosis or at 5- or 10-year examinations. Moreover, lipoprotein abnormalities characteristic of type 2 diabetes (low HDL cholesterol, high LDL triglycerides or apolipoprotein B levels, and low LDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio as a marker for LDL size) were predictive of cardiovascular death in these analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term study of a well-characterized group of newly diagnosed patients strengthens the view that the prognosis in middle-aged subjects is markedly impaired and that both hyperglycemia and compositional lipoprotein abnormalities are predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Sequential fatigue progressively alters lower extremity biomechanics
Authors: N Cortes, E Greska, R Kollock, J Onate
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has been reported to occur during the later stages of a game, when fatigue is most likely present. Few studies have focused on progressive changes that occur throughout fatiguing. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sequential fatigue protocol on lower extremity biomechanics while performing a sidestep cutting task (SS). Design Quasi-experimental. Setting Laboratory. Participants 18 female collegiate soccer players (age=19.2±0.9 years, mass=61.6±5.1 kg, height=1.66±0.5 m) free of injury volunteered for participation. Interventions Lower extremity biomechanics was assessed during the SS task using 3-D motion capture. Participants alternated between a fatigue set of; three squats, agility (5–10–5), three vertical jumps, step-ups, and two unanticipated SS trials. The cycle was repeated until fatigue was attained. Main outcome measurements Dependent variables included: hip and knee flexion and abduction angles and moments, measured at initial contact and peak stance (PS). Repeated measure ANOVA's with three levels were conducted to assess differences between pre-fatigue, 50% and 100% of fatigue. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results There was a significant decrease in knee flexion between pre (−17±5°), 50% (−16±6°), and 100% of fatigue (−14±4°),p=0.004; and hip flexion at pre (45.4±10.9°), 50% (46.2±11.2°), and 100% of fatigue (40.9±11.3°),p=0.004. A noticeable decreased was also observed for hip abduction at initial contact between pre (−13.8±6.6°), 50% (−9.1±6.5°), and 100% of fatigue (−7.8±6.5°), as well as for hip adduction moment (Pre:0.14±0.13 Nm/kgm, 50%:0.08±0.13 Nm/kgm, and 100%:0.08±0.13 Nm/kg, p=0.007). Further, similar decreases were observed at PS for knee flexion (Pre: 52.9±5.6°, 50%:−56.1±7.2°, and 100%:−50.5±7.1°,p=0.001), and hip adduction moment (Pre:0.72±0.31 Nm/kgm, 50%:0.59±0.33 Nm/kgm, and 100%:0.39±0.29 Nm/kgm, p=0.003). Conclusion The detrimental effects of fatigue on lower extremity biomechanics are visible at 50% of the participants' maximum fatigue, and become more marked when attaining 100%, with a decrease in hip and knee sagittal and frontal mechanics. ACL injury prevention programs should emphasise feedback throughout an entire practice, not only during warm-up.
Abstract 331: Head and neck and skin squamous cell carcinoma developed in a BRCA2 knockout mouse model.
Authors: Michael Kamradt, Chaozhong Zou, Lin Liu, Yuexia Wang, Philip P. Fitchev, Howard J. Worman, Susan E. Crawford, Mark Talamonti, Qingshen Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BRCA1 and BRCA2 were originally identified as breast cancer tumor suppressor genes. Germline mutations of BRCA1 have been found to predispose the carrier mainly to breast and ovarian cancers. However, germline mutations of BRCA2 can cause a much wider spectrum of cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancers. There are conflicting reports on whether BRCA2 mutations also contribute to the tumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, it had been reported that K14-cre; BRCA2f/f mice do not develop any cancer of epithelial origin even at 600 days of age in a 129/C57 background. Here, we generated a K14-cre mediated BRCA2 knockout mouse model in a different mouse strain background than previously reported. To our surprise, we found that K14-cre; BRCA2 f/f mice started to develop tumors at seven months of age. Most of the tumors were in the head and neck region, while others were skin tumors in other locations. The head and neck tumors showed no skin involvement or ulceration. Tumor growth in many mice eventually affected their food intake and they had to be euthanized for humane reason. At around 11 months of age, we sacrificed the remaining mice and subjected them to necroscopy. All the visually suspicious tissues were processed for pathologic examination. In total, we found 8 out of 31 K14-cre; BRCA2 f/f mice (26%) with pathologically confirmed head and neck cancer and 4 out 31 K14-cre; BRCA2 f/f mice (13%) with skin cancer. None of the 28 control BRCA2 f/f mice developed any cancer at this age. The head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas arising from the mucosa surface and form large, palpable masses. In some areas, the tumors are well-differentiated with evidence of abundant keratin production, while in other areas they are less differentiated and exhibit high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, nuclear aytpia, mitoses and central necrosis. These histological features are highly reminiscent of the pathological characteristics of human HNSCC. This finding strongly indicates that mutations of BRCA2 play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HNSCC in a specific genetic background. Citation Format: Michael Kamradt, Chaozhong Zou, Lin Liu, Yuexia Wang, Philip P. Fitchev, Howard J. Worman, Susan E. Crawford, Mark Talamonti, Qingshen Gao. Head and neck and skin squamous cell carcinoma developed in a BRCA2 knockout mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 331. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-331
Effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on proliferation and differentiation of leukemic and normal hemopoietic cells in vitro. Relationship to cell surface receptor.
Authors: C Peetre, U Gullberg, E Nilsson, I Olsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The clonogenic growth of myeloid leukemia cell lines was inhibited by recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) at 1-15 pM concentration. However, wild type (promyelocytic) HL-60 cells were highly resistant to growth inhibition, but responded with differentiation into monocyte-like cells at 100 pM rTNF. The clonogenic growth of fresh acute myeloid leukemia cells was inhibited by 50% at approximately 15 pM rTNF. The growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) was also inhibited (by 50 pM rTNF), as was the growth of erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) (by 150 pM rTNF). A synergistic antiproliferative effect was demonstrated between rTNF and recombinant interferon-gamma. Use of radioiodinated rTNF enabled us to detect 1,500-2,100 binding sites on myeloid cell lines at 4 degrees C with Kd of approximately 300 pM. At 37 degrees C, the transfer of bound ligand to lysosomes was followed by degradation, inhibited by NH4+. No correlation was observed between the number of binding sites or affinity at 4 degrees C and antiproliferative response to the addition of rTNF.
Analysis by intention to treat
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers assessed the effects of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea and recently diagnosed but untreated systemic hypertension. Blood pressure was measured using 24 hour ambulatory monitoring. A double blind randomised controlled trial study design was used. Control treatment was sham continuous positive airway pressure delivered at a very low pressure. A total of 169 patients were assigned to continuous positive airway pressure and 171 to sham treatment.1

The primary outcome was the change at three months from baseline in mean 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values. The analysis was undertaken by the …
Persistent Pesticides in Human Breast Milk and Cryptorchidism
Authors: Ida N. Damgaard, Niels E. Skakkebæk, Jorma Toppari, Helena E. Virtanen, Heqing Shen, Karl-Werner Schramm, Jørgen H. Petersen, Tina K. Jensen, Katharina M. Main
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Prenatal exposure to some pesticides can adversely affect male reproductive health in animals. We investigated a possible human association between maternal exposure to 27 organochlorine compounds used as pesticides and cryptorchidism among male children.Within a prospective birth cohort, we performed a case-control study; 62 milk samples from mothers of cryptorchid boys and 68 from mothers of healthy boys were selected. Milk was collected as individual pools between 1 and 3 months postpartum and analyzed for 27 organochlorine pesticides.Eight organochlorine pesticides were measurable in all samples (medians; nanograms per gram lipid) for cases/controls: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p -DDE) : 97.3/83.8; beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) : 13.6/12.3; hexachlorobenzene (HCB) : 10.6/8.8; alpha-endosulfan: 7.0/6.7; oxychlordane: 4.5/4.1; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p -DDT) : 4.6/4.0; dieldrin: 4.1/3.1 ; cis-heptachloroepoxide (cis-HE) : 2.5/2.2. Five compounds [octachlorostyrene (OCS); pentachlorobenzene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane(p,p -DDD) ; o,p -DDT ; mirex] were measurable in most samples (detection rates 90.8-99.2%) but in lower concentrations. For methoxychlor, cis-chlordane, pentachloroanisole (PCA), gamma-HCH, 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl) -2,2(4-chlorophenyl) ethane, trans-chlordane, alpha-HCH, and o,p -DDE, both concentrations and detection rates were low (26.5-71.5%). Heptachlor, HCH (lc delta, epsilon), aldrin, beta-endosulfan and trans-heptachloroepoxide were detected at negligible concentrations and low detection rates and were not analyzed further. Seventeen of 21 organochlorine pesticides [p,p -DDT, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, HCH (alpha, beta, gamma), HCB, PCA, alpha-endosulfan, cis-HE, chlordane (cis-, trans-) oxychlordane, methoxychlor, OCS, and dieldrin] were measured in higher median concentrations in case milk than in control milk. Apart from trans-chlordane (p = 0.012), there were no significant differences between cryptorchid and healthy boys for individual chemicals. However, combined statistical analysis of the eight most abundant persistent pesticides showed that pesticide levels in breast milk were significantly higher in boys with cryptorchidism (p = 0.032).The association between congenital cryptorchidism and some persistent pesticides in breast milk as a proxy for maternal exposure suggests that testicular descent in the fetus may be adversely affected.