tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adhesion Molecules on Eosinophils in Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Yoshio Okubo, Mahboob Hossain, Ryuichi Kai, Etsuro Sato, Takayuki Honda, Morie Sekiguchi, Susumu Itoh, Kiyoshi Takatsu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We describe the clinical features, eosinophil surface analysis, and concentration of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in peripheral blood (PB) of a young male patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by BAL and by its clinical course. There was no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the patient showed rapid improvement with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1 gm/d for 3 d). Significant differences in the expression of surface molecules such as CD54, HLA-DR, and CD69 were observed between BAL and PB eosinophils; IL-5 concentrations in BAL and in PB before treatment were 450 pg/ml and 700 pg/ml, respectively. After treatment, IL-5 concentration in PB was reduced to below 100 pg/ml. The patient has shown no recurrence after treatment.
Acceleration of Autoimmunity by Organochlorine Pesticides in (NZB × NZW)F <sub>1</sub> Mice
Authors: Eric S. Sobel, John Gianini, Edward J. Butfiloski, Byron P. Croker, Joel Schiffenbauer, Stephen M. Roberts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects women more frequently than men. In the (NZB times NZW)F1 mouse, a murine SLE model, the presence or absence of estrogen markedly influences the rate of progression of disease. Three organochlorine pesticides with estrogenic effects were administered chronically to ovariectomized female (NZB times NZW)F1 mice, and we measured the time to development of renal disease, the principal clinical manifestation of lupus in this model. Treatment with chlordecone, methoxychlor, or o,p -dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p -DDT) significantly decreased the time to onset of renal impairment, as did treatment with 17ss-estradiol used as a positive control. In an expanded study of chlordecone, we found a dose-related early appearance of elevated anti-double-strand DNA autoantibody titers that corresponded with subsequent development of glomerulonephritis. Immunohistofluorescence confirmed early deposition of immune complexes in kidneys of mice treated with chlordecone. These observations are consistent with an effect of these organochlorine pesticides to accelerate the natural course of SLE in the (NZB times NZW)F1 mouse. Although we originally hypothesized that the effect on progression of autoimmunity was due to estrogenic properties of the pesticides, autoimmune effects and estrogenicity, assessed through measurement of uterine hypertrophy, were not well correlated. This may indicate that uterine hypertrophy is a poor indicator of comparative estrogenic effects of organochlorine pesticides on the immune system, or that the pesticides are influencing autoimmunity through a mode of action unrelated to their estrogenicity.
Exercise induces early and late myocardial preconditioning in dogs
Authors: R Domenech
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

We tested the hypothesis that exercise induces myocardial preconditioning in dogs.We instrumented dogs with a snare on the anterior descending coronary artery and catheters in the root of the aorta, left ventricular cavity and coronary sinus. After recovering from surgery the dogs were trained to stay in the laboratory and run on a treadmill. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated to five groups: (1) non-preconditioned dogs: under anesthesia, the anterior descending coronary artery was occluded during 1 h and then reperfused during 4.5 h. (2) Early preconditioned dogs: procedure similar to group 1 but the dogs performed exercise on a treadmill for five periods of 5 min each before the coronary occlusion. (3) Late preconditioned dogs: procedure similar to group 2 but 24 h were allowed to elapse between the preconditioning exercise and the coronary occlusion. (4) Early preconditioned dogs plus 5-hydroxydecanoate: procedure similar to group 2 but 5-hydroxydecanoate was administered prior to exercise. (5) Non-preconditioned dogs with 5-hydroxydecanoate: procedure similar to group 1 but 5-hydroxydecanoate was administered at a time equivalent to that in group 4.Exercise did not induce myocardial ischemia and the hemodynamics during the experiments did not differ between groups. Exercise immediately before the coronary occlusion decreased the infarct size (percent of the risk region) by 78% (P<0.05), an effect that was abolished with 5-hydroxydecanoate. Exercise 24 h prior to coronary occlusion decreased infarct size by 46% (P<0.05 vs. non-preconditioned dogs, P<0.05 vs. early preconditioned dogs). 5-Hydroxydecanoate by itself did not modify infarct size. These effects could not be explained by changes in collateral flow to the ischemic region.Exercise prior to a coronary occlusion induces early and late preconditioning of the infarct size. The early effect is mediated through mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Engineering and operating approaches for controlling asbestos fibers in drinking water.
Authors: G S Logsdon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Techniques are available to minimize the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Filtration research conducted at locations on Lake Superior and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington has shown that amphibole and chrysotile fibers can be removed by granular media filtration. Removal percentages can exceed 99% when the raw water is coagulated properly and the filtered water turbidity is 0.10 ntu (nephelometric turbidity units) or lower. Filtered water fiber counts below detectable limits of 0.1 to 0.01 X 10(6) fibers/L can be attained. A study by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California showed that when raw water chrysotile counts ranged from 200 X 10(6) fibers/L to 2000 X 10(6) fibers/L, filtered water fiber counts frequently exceeded 1 X 10(6) fibers/L. Even so, striving to attain a filtered water turbidity of 0.1 ntu resulted in improved fiber removal. Pilot scale and distribution system research projects have shown that asbestos cement (AC) pipes can be protected from dissolution and leaching effects that can result in release of asbestos fibers into drinking water. Suggested techniques include modifying low pH, low alkalinity waters so they are not aggressive; coating the pipe wall with a chemical precipitate; and applying a cement mortar lining to the pipe wall. Operation and maintenance practices related to the distribution system, when AC water mains are in service, can influence the fiber count in tapwater. Main flushing can stir up sediment that accumulates in low-flow and dead-end areas, raising the fiber count. If mains are tapped and the cuttings are not flushed away through the tapping machine, but are instead permitted to fall into the water main, the fiber count can be raised.
Urine testing for HPV: rationale for using first void
Authors: A. Vorsters, P. Van Damme, G. Clifford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A transcriptional feedback loop is central to clock function in animals, plants and fungi. The clock genes involved in its regulation are specific to - and highly conserved within - the kingdoms of life. However, other shared clock mechanisms, such as phosphorylation, are mediated by proteins found broadly among living organisms, performing functions in many cellular sub-systems. Use of homology to directly infer involvement/association with the clock mechanism in new, developing model systems, is therefore of limited use. Here we describe the approach PREMONition, PREdicting Molecular Networks, that uses functional relationships to predict molecular circadian clock associations. PREMONition is based on the incorporation of proteins encoded by known clock genes (when available), rhythmically expressed clock-controlled genes and non-rhythmically expressed but interacting genes into a cohesive network. After tuning PREMONition on the networks derived for human, fly and fungal circadian clocks, we deployed the approach to predict a molecular clock network for <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, for which there are no readily-identifiable clock gene homologs. The predicted network was validated using gene expression data and a growth assay for sensitivity to light, a zeitgeber of circadian clocks of most organisms. PREMONition may be used to identify candidate clock-regulated processes and thus candidate clock genes in other organisms.
IKZF1, a new susceptibility gene for cold medicine–related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe mucosal involvement
Authors: Mayumi Ueta, Hiromi Sawai, Chie Sotozono, Yuki Hitomi, Nahoko Kaniwa, Mee Kum Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo, Kyung-Chul Yoon, Choun-Ki Joo, Chitra Kannabiran, Tais Hitomi Wakamatsu, Virender Sangwan, Varsha Rathi, Sayan Basu, Takeshi Ozeki, Taisei Mushiroda, Emiko Sugiyama, Keiko Maekawa, Ryosuke Nakamura, Michiko Aihara, Kayoko Matsunaga, Akihiro Sekine, José Álvaro Pereira Gomes, Junji Hamuro, Yoshiro Saito, Michiaki Kubo, Shigeru Kinoshita, Katsushi Tokunaga
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Impaired coronary blood flow response to acetylcholine in patients with coronary risk factors and proximal atherosclerotic lesions.
Authors: K Egashira, T Inou, Y Hirooka, A Yamada, Y Maruoka, H Kai, M Sugimachi, S Suzuki, A Takeshita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We examined whether coronary risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions in the study artery were associated with impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary resistance arteries. Acetylcholine (ACH) at graded doses (1, 3, 10 and 30 micrograms/min) and papaverine (10 mg) were selectively infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery of 28 patients, in whom the study artery was angiographically normal (n = 16) or with mild stenosis < or = 40% (n = 12). Coronary blood flow (CBF) was estimated from the product of mean CBF velocity measured by an intracoronary Doppler catheter and the arterial cross-sectional area of the study artery determined by quantitative arteriography. ACH increased CBF in a dose-dependent manner. However, the maximum CBF response to ACH varied widely among patients (from 50% to 660%). By multivariate analysis, the presence of atherosclerotic lesions in the study artery was an independent predictor for impaired CBF response to ACH (P < 0.01). Hypertension (P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (r = -0.52, P < 0.005), age > or = 50 yr (P < 0.01) and total number of coronary risk factors (r = -0.62, P < 0.001) were associated with the impaired increase in CBF with ACH by univariate analysis. The percent increase in CBF evoked with papaverine did not correlate with these risk factors. The results suggest that mild atherosclerotic lesions in the study artery and coronary risk factors are accompanied by impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary resistance arteries evoked with ACH. Endothelial dysfunction of coronary resistance arteries may result in altered regulation of myocardial perfusion in patients with mild coronary atherosclerosis and coronary risk factors.
Magnesium Deficiency and Excess
Authors: R K Rude, F R Singer
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1981)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Sodium content of oral rehydration solutions: a reappraisal.
Authors: E J Elliott, R Cunha-Ferreira, J A Walker-Smith, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1989)

Proper choice of oral rehydration solution, with regard to sodium content, is a conflicting issue to general practitioners and pediatricians. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations of oral rehydration solution containing 90mmol/1 sodium, have been effective throughout developing countries worldwide. In developed countries, however, such as England, this recommendation seems inappropriate; a recommendation of 50 - 60 mmol/1 sodium with 90 -111mmol/1 glucose is preferred. This combination will eliminate the need for free water recommended by the WHO maintenance therapy. Normonatraemia is maintained, and hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia can both be corrected. Sodium content is adequate in replacing stool loss resulting from viral and bacterial diarrheas. Iatrogenic hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia do not occur as they would with oral rehydration solutions with low (30-35) or high (90mmol/1) sodium concentration. Solutions containing 50-60 mmol/1 sodium is safer in neonates and young infants with immature renal functions, incapable of properly distributing increased sodium leads. Glucose concentration necessary to make oral rehydration with 50 - 60 mmol/1 isotonic, or hypotonic, resembles WHO - ORS, but is half that in 30-35 mmol/1 sodium solutions. In controlled clinical trials, oral rehydration solutions with 50-60 mmol/1 sodium have proven safe, and performance was compatible with WHO-ORS. For both rehydration and correction of acidosis, the solution proved effective. When oral rehydration solution sodium, concentrate is below 90 mmol/1, errors in reconstituting may be common, but offers less risk resulting in dangerous hypernatraemia. An "all purpose" physiological oral rehydration solution would make oral rehydration therapy, more economical, simpler, and safe in developed countries worldwide.
Cross-sectional, prospective study of MRI reproducibility in the assessment of plaque burden of the carotid arteries and aorta
Authors: Hamza El Aidi, Venkatesh Mani, Karen B Weinshelbaum, Silvia H Aguiar, Hiroaki Taniguchi, John E Postley, Daniel D Samber, Emil I Cohen, Jessica Stern, Rob J van der Geest, Johan HC Reiber, Mark Woodward, Valentin Fuster, Samuel S Gidding, Zahi A Fayad
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2009)
Diminished basal nitric oxide release after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion promotes neutrophil adherence to coronary endothelium.
Authors: X L Ma, A S Weyrich, D J Lefer, A M Lefer
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We measured changes in basal release of nitric oxide and its effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence to endothelial cells (ECs) in a feline model of myocardial ischemia (90 minutes) and reperfusion. Basal release of nitric oxide from the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and from the control left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was assessed by NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced vasocontraction. L-NAME induced a significant EC-dependent vasocontraction in control LCX rings (0.28 +/- 0.04 g), which was fully reversed by L-arginine but not D-arginine. L-NAME-induced vasocontraction of LAD rings was not significantly changed after 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia without reperfusion. However, 10 minutes of reperfusion reduced the L-NAME-induced vasocontraction to 0.13 +/- 0.04 g (p &lt; 0.05), and this was restored by addition of 3 mM L-arginine but not D-arginine. Longer periods of reperfusion progressively decreased L-NAME-induced vasocontraction. After 270 minutes of reperfusion, L-NAME-induced vasocontraction was virtually abolished. Myocardial ischemia without reperfusion did not increase PMN adherence to ECs. However, PMN adherence to LAD ECs was significantly increased after 20 minutes of reperfusion (39 +/- 6 to 105 +/- 9 PMNs/mm2, p &lt; 0.01), and incubation of LAD segments with L-arginine significantly attenuated this increase in PMN adherence. After 270 minutes of reperfusion, PMN adherence to LAD ECs was further increased to 224 +/- 10 PMNs/mm2 (p &lt; 0.001). This increase in PMN adherence was almost completely blocked by MAb R15.7, a monoclonal antibody against CD18 of PMNs, and was significantly attenuated by MAb RR1/1, a monoclonal antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 of ECs (p &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that decreased basal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion precedes enhanced PMN adherence to the coronary endothelium, which may lead to PMN-induced myocardial injury.
Disorders of Hair Growth: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Marie-Louise T. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Dr Elise Olsen has done an immense service in placing between two covers extensive information, perhaps all that is currently known, about hair growth, along with the clinical conditions and environmental factors that impact on it. In a well-printed, pleasantly highlighted, generously illustrated tome, the reader is introduced to the embryology and development of the hair follicle and the factors that control its growth and pigmentation, all as a basis for understanding dysfunction. The material is a prelude to detailed instruction in the appropriate assessment of the patient with hair loss, from history taking to examination and then to biopsy and other laboratory testing if indicated. With essential data gathered, there follows chapter-by-chapter a guided tour through the various disruptions of hair growth as from inflammation, whether infectious, traumatic, congenital, hormonal, or autoimmune, and then situations of abnormal excessive growth. There are even a review of the surgical approach to
Plasma interleukin-2 and a soluble/shed interleukin-2 receptor in serum of patients with Crohn's disease. Effect of cyclosporin.
Authors: J Brynskov, N Tvede
Journal: Gut (1990)

Circulating concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a soluble or shed form of the IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 61 patients with chronic active Crohn9s disease (CD) initially and during a three month placebo controlled trial of cyclosporin 5-7.5 mg/kg/day. The baseline median (25-75% range) plasma IL-2 concentration was 0.6 ng/ml (0.3-2.85 ng/ml) in patients who did not receive prednisolone, 0.5 ng/ml (0.23-3.4 ng/ml) in patients who did (not significant), and 0 ng/ml (0-0.07 ng/ml) in control subjects (p less than 0.00001). The corresponding median serum sIL-2R concentrations were 747 U/ml (580-1287 U/ml), 540 U/ml (422-616 U/ml) respectively in CD patients (p = 0.006) and 320 U/ml (268-406 U/ml) in control subjects (p less than 0.00001). Increased concentrations of plasma IL-2 and serum sIL-2R were seen in 66% and 81% of the patients, respectively. A fall in serum sIL-2R was only seen in patients who improved with cyclosporin treatment (p = 0.006). At month 3 the median serum sIL-2R concentration was 440 U/ml (400-668 U/ml) v 801 U/ml (534-1067 U/ml) in patients not responding to cyclosporin (p = 0.003). No changes occurred in the placebo group. These results suggest that the IL-2 dependent pathway of immune activation is upregulated in vivo in CD and that cyclosporin may interfere with this process.
Quality of Life and Surgical Outcome after Laparoscopic Nissen and Toupet Fundoplication: One-Year Follow-Up
Authors: None Kamolz, None Bammer, None Wykypiel Jr., None Pasiut, None Pointner
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Quality of life data are becoming widely accepted as a measure of surgical outcome, but the multifaceted symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal disorders are a challenge for this type of evaluation. The aim of the present study was to determine any potential differences in quality of life, specifically in patients undergoing either laparoscopic „floppy” Nissen fundoplication or Toupet fundoplication.
IMPROVED METHODS AND DETAILS IN THE CARE OF PATIENTS DURING SURGICAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: FENTON B. TURCK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Surgery has reached so high a state of perfection in technique, in toilet and in the care of the patient before and during operation, that there would seem to be nothing left for improvement. Notwithstanding our apparently perfect precautions, however, the surgeon occasionally loses cases through septic infection, shock or other causes. In the case of septic infection, the surgeon is bewildered in the attempt to determine the source of infection. "The operation is successful but the patient dies," sometimes as the result of infection, sometimes from shock, oftentimes from both. The object of this preliminary report is to present a few facts that may indicate some of the subtle causes of infection and shock occurring, though all the usual precautions have been taken. In operating on the abdomen, the skin is found to be a source of infection. Welch and others have clearly shown that bacteria are still found
Maternal Glucose Tolerance and Obstetric Complications in Pregnancies in Which the Offspring Developed Type I Diabetes
Authors: Norman A Beischer, Peter Wein, Mary T Sheedy, George A Werther, Hugo Gold
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To identify possible in utero risk factors in children who develop type I diabetes and to determine the risk of development of type I diabetes in the children of women with gestational diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All known children with type I diabetes born at the Mercy Hospital for Women whose mothers had glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) performed during pregnancy were identified. The results of the mothers' GTTs were compared with those of the hospital population, as were their obstetric complications. RESULTS We identified 38 children with type I diabetes born at this hospital whose mothers had GTTs performed during pregnancy. Only one of these mothers had gestational diabetes, compared with 5.6% in the overall hospital population (adjusted odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.12–3.84, P = 0.99). There were no differences in the blood glucose levels between the mothers of the children who developed diabetes and the general hospital population. The birth weights of the children destined to develop diabetes also showed no deviation from the expected distribution, and there were no outstanding features of the mothers' obstetric histories. CONCLUSIONS Maternal blood glucose level is not an important determinant of the child's risk of developing type I diabetes.
Combining Domestic and Foreign Investment to Expand Tuberculosis Control in China
Authors: Zhong-wei Jia, Shi-ming Cheng, Zhi-jun Li, Xin Du, Fei Huang, Xiao-wei Jia, Peng Kong, Yun-xi Liu, Wei Chen, Wei Wang, Christopher Dye
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Jia and colleagues describe how a combination of increased domestic funding, supplemented by foreign loans and donations since 2002, have led to a dramatic increase in tuberculosis case finding in China.