tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The transition between apnoea and spontaneous ventilation in patients with coma due to voluntary intoxication with barbiturates and carbamates
Authors: S Launois, T Similowski, B Fleury, M Aubier, D Murciano, B Housset, R Pariente, JP Derenne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

We have investigated the transition from apnoea to spontaneous breathing in five comatose patients self intoxicated with barbiturates and carbamates. All patients were apnoeic on admission, and were studied throughout the course of recovery. The transition between the first respiratory movements and a stable and nearly normal ventilation (stable respiratory activity) ranged from 15 to 105 min, a very short time compared to the duration of the apnoeic state that lasted 6 to 72 h from admission. Minute ventilation and occlusion pressure during the first respiratory movements were 6.3 +/- 2.7 l.min-1 and 1.35 +/- 0.45 kPa, respectively. These values increased by roughly 50 and 100% by the time stable respiratory activity was achieved. The increase in minute ventilation was entirely due to an increased inspiratory flow, in relation to a proportionate increase in occlusion pressure, and without significant changes in the respiratory times or in the effective elastance. We conclude that the transition between apnoea and stable respiratory activity is characterized by its rapidity, by the fact that respiratory times are fixed throughout the recovery process, and by the fact that effective elastance is high.
Parma international protocol: pilot study of DHAP followed by involved- field radiotherapy and BEAC with autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: T Philip, F Chauvin, J Armitage, D Bron, A Hagenbeek, P Biron, G Spitzer, W Velasquez, DD Weisenburger, J Fernandez-Ranada
Journal: Blood (1991)
Prevalence and determinants associated with healthcare-associated infections in long-term care facilities (HALT) in the Netherlands, May to June 2010
Authors: R Eilers, M J Veldman-Ariesen, A Haenen, B H van Benthem
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

HAIs (healthcare-associated infections) are likely to become an increasing public health problem. Therefore, a point-prevalence study called HALT (Healthcare-associated infections in long-term-care facilities) was set up by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to determine the prevalence, antibiotic use and determinants associated with HAIs. In the Netherlands, 10 nursing homes (in total 1,429 elderly residents) participated in the study between May and June 2010. Risk and protective factors were determined by calculating relative risks (RRs) and performing multilevel Poisson regression. An overall infection prevalence of 2.8% was found and 3.5% of the residents used antibiotics. Residents' characteristics such as the presence of pressure wounds (RR: 2.58; 95% CI:1.04-6.39) and other wounds (RR: 5.70; 95% CI: 2.99-10.86) were risk factors for an HAI, whereas being male (RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.91) was protective. Nursing home characteristics, such as the percentage of shared rooms ( ≥ 2%) (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.39-0.62) and percentage of incontinent residents (≥ 3%) (RR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) were protective determinants in a multivariate analysis. Special attention is therefore needed for female residents and residents with pressure and other wounds for the prevention of HAIs in Dutch nursing homes.
Inference-Based Approach versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Poor Insight: A 24-Session Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Henny A. Visser, Harold van Megen, Patricia van Oppen, Merijn Eikelenboom, Adriaan W. Hoogendorn, Maarten Kaarsemaker, Anton J. van Balkom
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with poor insight has severe consequences for patients; nonetheless, no randomized controlled trial has ever been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of any treatment specifically for poor-insight OCD. A new psychotherapy for OCD, the inference-based approach (IBA), targets insight in OCD by strengthening normal sensory-driven reality testing. The goal of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of this new treatment to the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for patients with OCD with poor insight. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 90 patients with OCD with poor insight received either 24 CBT sessions or 24 IBA sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Secondary outcome measures were level of insight, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and quality of life. Mixed-effects models were used to determine the treatment effect. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In both conditions, a significant OCD symptom reduction was reached, but no condition effects were established. Post hoc, in a small subgroup of patients with the worst insight (n = 23), it was found that the patients treated with the IBA reached a significantly higher OCD symptom reduction than the patients treated with CBT [estimated marginal mean = -7.77, t(219.45) = -2.4, p = 0.017]. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Patients with OCD with poor insight improve significantly after psychological treatment. The results of this study suggest that both CBT and the IBA are effective treatments for OCD with poor insight. The IBA might be more promising than CBT for patients with more extreme poor insight.
Using population insight studies to define effective prevention and identification interventions in COPD
Authors: Matt Kearney, Julia Crighton, Kevin Holton, Anne Moger, Robert Winter, Sue Hill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: In England over 3 million people are living with COPD. Only 835,000 are diagnosed usually at the more severe end of the disease spectrum. The national COPD programme highlighted the need for strategies both to prevent and identify COPD earlier in order to fundamentally change the disease burden and improve outcomes for people.

Objectives: To establish optimum approaches to promote positive lung health behaviour and symptom recognition by individuals and populations at risk of COPD.

Methods: An extensive literature review was undertaken together with stakeholder interviews to identify reasons for limited popular awareness of COPD and understand the impact of behaviour change interventions. Focus groups and interviews with informants in priority population segments were used to derive and test insights into effective approaches.

Results: Behaviour change interventions in COPD are more effective if targeted on priority population segments. Collaboration with charities and commercial organisations can help to identify and engage people at risk. Behaviour change interventions should be tailored to the individual and the population segment. Measurement of lung age may increase likelihood of stopping smoking. For those who are healthy but at risk, messages should be positively framed around lung health. For those with symptoms, negative message framing around lung disease may be more effective in changing behavior.

Conclusions: Interventions tailored to the individual and population segment are more likely to be effective in changing behaviour. The results of this segmentation and insight work have informed the approach in England to the prevention and early identification of COPD.
High Thrombopoietin Production by Hematopoietic Cells Induces a Fatal Myeloproliferative Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Jean-Luc Villeval, Karine Cohen-Solal, Micheline Tulliez, Stéphane Giraudier, Josette Guichard, Samuel A. Burstein, Elisabeth M. Cramer, William Vainchenker, Françoise Wendling
Journal: Blood (1997)
Studies on Fluorinated Pyrimidines XVI. Metabolism of 5-Fluorouracil-2-C14 and 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-2-C14 in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kanai Lal Mukherjee, Judith Boohar, Dorothy Wentland, Fred J. Ansfield, Charles Heidelberger
Journal: Cancer Research (1963)

Summary  5-Fluorouracil-2-C14 (FU) and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine-2-C14 (FUDR) were administered to cancer patients by oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and intraperitoneal routes. The radioactivity in the plasma, respiratory CO2, and urine was measured, and fractionation of radioactive materials on ion-exchange columns into the unchanged drug and the various degradation products was carried out with urines and some acid-soluble extracts of plasma. The level of radioactivity in the plasma was higher for the first 2 hours after intravenous injections of FU-2-C14 and FUDR-2-C14 than after administration by any other route. The unchanged drugs persisted longer in urine after intravenous injections than after oral, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal administrations. The excretion of radioactivity as respiratory CO2 was least after the intravenous injection of FUDR. It was concluded, therefore, that intravenous administration of both drugs is the method of choice in the clinical use of these drugs. There was more degradation of FU injected as a continuous infusion than following rapid intravenous injection, and the opposite was true for FUDR.  One patient, who tolerated large doses of FUDR without toxic manifestations, degraded the drug rapidly; whereas a second patient, who rapidly became toxic to FUDR, degraded the drug at a much slower rate. When the degradation of 3′,5′-diacetyl-5-fluoro-2′-deoxyrudine-2-C14 and FUDR-2-C14, both given orally to the same patient, was compared, it was found that 5′-monoacetyl-FUDR was present in the urine 24 hours after administration of the diacetyl compound, whereas no unchanged drug was found in the urine after administration of FUDR. After intravenous injections of FU-2-C14 and FUDR-2-C14, radioactivity was found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Fractionation of the radioactive compounds demonstrated the presence of unchanged drug in the cerebrospinal fluid.
GPs' low morale is contributing factor
Authors: R. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1996)

could not be reliably predicted from the international normalised ratio obtained over that period.Despite the small reduction in the warfarin dose on day 6 the international normalised ratio might have been expected to continue to rise over the following days even if the patient had not been exposed to accumulating concentrations of amiodarone.2.5-0 , 2.0-0 1.0-0 1 2 3 4 5 Days after starting warfarin Fig 1-Changes in intemational norrnalised ratio after start of treatment with warfarinAn alternative lesson of this case is that, in the absence of an appropriate loading regimen, the international normalised ratio should be monitored beyond the usual five to six days because of the delay in reaching a steady state effect.
Abstract 10: Oxygen Transport Characterization of a Human Model of Hemorrhage
Authors: M H Tiba, Kathy Ryan, Ivo Torres, Carloine Rickards, Tarynn M Witten, Babs Soller, Victor Convertino, Kevin Ward
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Hemorrhage continues to be a leading cause of death from trauma sustained both in combat and in the civilian setting. The PULSE initiative identified the need to develop new models of...
Production of Erythrocytes that Contain Fetal Hemoglobin in Anemia
Authors: George J. Dover, Samuel H. Boyer, William H. Zinkham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Serial microscopic immunodiffusion assays of F cells, i.e., erythrocytes that contain fetal hemoglobin (HbF), in four individuals recovering from anemia demonstrate initial increases in the percentage of circulating reticulocytes that contain HbF (F reticulocytes) and subsequent increases in the percentage of mature erythrocytes that contain HbF (F erythrocytes). In one individual responding to therapy for iron-deficiency anemia, the average percentage of F reticulocytes increased from 4.8+/-1.1 to 16.0+/-2.8% (mean+/-SD), while the mean level of F erythrocytes increased from 3.5+/-0.7 to 7.2+/-0.6%. Two normal children with transient erythroblastopenia exhibited F reticulocyte percentages of 71.3+/-6.7 and 41.5+/-1.5%, respectively, when erythropoiesis resumed. With recovery these values fell to finally measured values of 33.7+/-4.7 and 12.6+/-1.1%, respectively. In an adolescent with sickle cell anemia, F-reticulocyte percentages fluctuated between 0.6+/-1.1 and 34.0+/-2.8% and paralleled the rise and fall of total reticulocytes associated with therapy for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Such findings suggest that first, the production of F cells and non-F cells are separately regulated. Second, F-cell production is preferentially stimulated during escape from erythropoietic suppression and selectively depressed at the start of suppression. Third, during escape from erythropoietic suppression, F-cell production in vivo resembles that reported for in vitro cultures of erythroid stem cells. Fourth, individuals with sickle cell anemia, like individuals without hemoglobinopathies, can change their relative level of F-cell production.
Endothelial and metabolic characteristics of patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries
Authors: PierMarco Piatti, Gabriele Fragasso, Lucilla D Monti, Andrea Caumo, Chuong Van Phan, Giampietro Valsecchi, Sabrina Costa, Elena Fochesato, Guido Pozza, Antonio E Pontiroli, Sergio Chierchia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Analysis of extracellular gene transcripts from cancer cells using whole genome microarrays
Authors: Elaine Kenny, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Martin Clynes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A75  Introduction: Improved methods for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, involving minimally-invasive, sensitive, specific tests could contribute significantly to cancer detection, on-going monitoring, and treatment. Using cancer cell line models and analyzing expression of eight transcripts, we have recently optimized methods enabling us to establish, in a well-controlled environment, that cancer cells apparently selectively secrete mRNAs (O9Driscoll et al., 2005, Cancer Genomics & Proteomics 2:43-52). Aim: The aim of this study was to establish if it is possible to investigate global expression of extracellular transcripts to enable identification of novel panels of mRNAs that could potentially be used as cancer biomarkers. Methods: Using methods that we have previously reported (see reference above) and following removal of residual cells by filtration, RNA was isolated from biological triplicate aliquots of conditioned media (CM) that had been exposed to breast, lung and nasal cancer cell lines and their multiple drug resistant variants. The quantity and purity of RNA extracted was investigated spectrophotometrically using a Nanodrop. Up to100 ng of each specimen was amplified and labelled using the Affymetrix GeneChip Eukaryotic 2 Cycle Labelling Assays for Expression Analysis and was subsequently examined using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays. Results: Gene transcripts were detected in conditioned media from all of the cancer cell lines studied. Approximately 10% (10.04+/-2.88) of the 54,675 probes sets representing transcripts on the microarray were called Present in CM, with distinct gene expression profiles detectable from cell lines of different tumor origins and drug resistance profiles. Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that, in general, biological repeats gave reproducible results and the quality of transcripts detected extracellularly were of an acceptable standard i.e. based on cell line QC parameters, the accepted background levels for microarray analysis are   [L.O. and E.K. contributed equally to this study.]
Method of Cell Transplantation Promoting the Organization of Intraarterial Thrombus
Authors: Koji Hirano, Takatsugu Shimono, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida, Keiichi Miyamoto, Kazuya Fujinaga, Masaki Kajimoto, Yoichiro Miyake, Masakatsu Nishikawa, Toshimichi Yoshida, Atsumasa Uchida, Hideto Shimpo, Isao Yada, Hitoshi Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Endovascular aortic repairs have been developed as less invasive treatments for aortic aneurysms. Some aneurismal cavities, however, remain without organization, causing a re-expansion of the aneurysms. We studied cell transplantation into the aneurismal sac to promote the organization of thrombus for the complete healing of aneurysms. Methods and Results— Skin fibroblasts and skeletal myoblasts were isolated from rats for cell transplantation. An intraarterial thrombus model was made by ligation of the carotid artery. Culture medium (medium group, n=11), collagen gel (gel group, n=11), fibroblasts with collagen gel (F group, n=15), myoblasts with collagen gel (M group, n=12), or mixture of fibroblasts and myoblasts with collagen gel (F+M group, n=14) were injected into the thrombus. After 28 days, histologically, the arterial lumens of the F and M groups were partly filled with fibrous tissues, whereas in the F+M group organization was almost completed and luminal sizes diminished. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells were more abundantly contained in the organized area of the F+M group than in the other groups. We also analyzed cellular function in vitro with immunofluorescence; coculture of fibroblasts and myoblasts showed that the fraction of α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts increased. This phenomenon accounts for the rapid organization of thrombus in the F+M group in vivo. Conclusions— Cell transplantation accelerated thrombus organization. Especially, myoblasts enhanced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, contributing to rapid thrombus organization. Cell transplantation into unorganized spaces seems applicable to endovascular treatment of aneurysms.
Recommendations for the registration of drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: M. Dougados, Jean-Pierre Devogelaer, M Annefeldt, B Avouac, G Bouvenot, C Cooper, P Dieppe, D Ethgen, S Garattini, EA Jones, JM Kaufman, M Leeming, EM Lemmel, S Lohmander, CJ Menkes, G Nuki, L Paolozzi, JP Pujol, L Rovati, U Serni, T. Spector, Y. Tsouderos, Emilie Veys, G Weseloh, Jacques Reginster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)
Effects of SLx-2119, a novel small molecule inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase ROCK (ROK), on growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Victor Shifrin, Robert R. Annand, Deborah Flusberg, Sharon McGonigle, Eric Wong, Elsa Paradise, Alessandra Bartolozzi, Siya Ram, Hope Foudoulakis, Brian Kirk, Richard Chesworth, Steven Riesinger, Michael Grogan, Katya Tsaioun, Amanda Malchoff, Elena Ter-Ovanesyan, Roger Waechter, David Duffy, Enoch Kim, Olivier Schueller, Stewart Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

668  A Ser/Thr kinase ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase) is a downstream effector of small Ras-like GTPase Rho. The Rho-ROCK signaling pathway controls cell shape, adhesion, contractility, and cell motility and invasion. Thus, testing of ROCK inhibitors in animal models of cancer was previously focused mostly on their anti-metastatic effects. The goal of the present study however, was to determine whether a novel class of ROCK-selective protein kinase inhibitors will directly affect growth of primary tumors in human tumor xenograft-bearing mice. We have developed a series of ROCK inhibitors that are potent and selective in vitro: they inhibit both isoforms of human ROCK with Ki’s for ROCK2 of 5 to 35 nM, and Ki’s for ROCK1 of 25 to 120 nM; Ki’s for other kinases (insulin receptor, Aurora A, checkpoint kinase CHK1, PKA, Abl, etc.) were 300- to 1,500-fold higher. In cell-based assays, the addition of these ROCK inhibitors to culture medium resulted in morphological changes characteristic for inhibition of Rho-ROCK signaling, i.e., disappearance of actin stress fibers and decrease in the number of focal adhesions in mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and other cell types. The inhibitors also blocked other ROCK-dependent cellular responses, i.e., lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurite retraction in N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells, as well as serum-stimulated migration of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. In the latter assay, the ROCK inhibitors were more potent than a standard ROCK inhibitor Y-27632: IC50s for ROCK inhibitors were between 5 and 15 uM, whereas the IC50 for Y-27632 was 50 uM. Next, we tested whether this novel series of ROCK inhibitors has a direct effect on human tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. Oral administration of ROCK inhibitors to mice bearing staged HT-1080 human fibrosarcomas or PANC-1 human pancreatic tumors resulted in significant tumor growth delay. For example, 10 days of daily treatment with 60 mg/kg p.o. of SLx-2119 resulted in 11-12 days of post-treatment growth delay in PANC-1 tumor model. In these models ROCK inhibitors were as efficacious as cytotoxic positive controls (doxorubicin and gemcitabine). The tumor growth delay was dose-dependent and was accompanied by acceptable toxicity: mice did not show any behavior abnormalities, and their weight loss did not exceed 12% at the highest dose tested. Taken together, our results suggest that in addition to previously reported inhibition of tumor metastasis, ROCK inhibitors may also directly inhibit growth of primary tumors.
Abstract 12637: Utility of the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Madhurmeet Singh, Krishna Alluri, Andrew Voigt, Norman Wang, Sandeep Jain, George Mendenhall, William Barrington, Jan Nemec, Samir Saba, Evan Adelstein
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is approved for prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with newly diagnosed cardiomyopathy and LVEF &lt; 35% who do not yet meet criteria for implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). While there are some data supporting WCD use in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), data in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) are lacking. Methods: This was a retrospective review of outcomes for all NICM patients prescribed a WCD at a large tertiary academic center from 6/2004 - 1/2014 for a newly diagnosed cardiomyopathy and no prior sustained ventricular arrhythmia. During this time period, 454 patients were prescribed a WCD, of whom we excluded 161 patients with ICM. Results: The 183 (40%) patients with NICM consisted of 70% men, aged 57 +/- 15 years old, with mean EF 23% +/- 8% and LV end-diastolic dimension 4.5 +/- 2.8 cm. DM and HTN were prevalent (20% and 51%, respectively). At NICM diagnosis, 21% had LBBB and 36% had known history of AF. Patients wore the WCD for 13,124 patient-days, each averaging 72 +/- 55 days and with fairly high compliance (18.3 +/- 5.7 hours/day). Medication use consisted of 90% beta-blockers, 88% ACE inhibitors, 85% diuretics, 16% digoxin, and 17% anti-arrhythmic drugs. NSVT was documented in 42% of patients prior to WCD prescription. During follow-up, 60 (33%) patients improved LVEF to &gt; 35%, obviating an indication for ICD implantation, whereas 79 (43%) patients received an ICD. The remainder died (n=17), were lost to follow-up (n=20), refused ICD implant (n=5), or are still wearing the WCD (n=2). No appropriate WCD shocks were delivered in any NICM patient, yet 3 inappropriate shocks were delivered (1.6%). Based on estimated rental costs provided by the manufacturer, the total cost of WCD use in this population was $1,449,360. Conclusions: In this large, tertiary care center registry of patients with newly recognized NICM, no patient received an appropriate shock from the WCD whereas several inappropriate shocks were delivered, despite nearly one-half of patients having documented significant ventricular ectopy. Given the significant expense and inconvenience of the WCD, its use in this population requires prospective study.
Intracellular siRNA delivery dynamics of integrin-targeted, PEGylated chitosan–poly(ethylene imine) hybrid nanoparticles: A mechanistic insight
Authors: Héloïse Ragelle, Stefano Colombo, Vincent Pourcelle, Kevin Vanvarenberg, Gaëlle Vandermeulen, Caroline Bouzin, Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert, Olivier Feron, Camilla Foged, Véronique Préat
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)