tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple arrhythmias detected during nocturnal monitoring in patients with congenital complete heart block.
Authors: A M Levy, A J Camm, J F Keane
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Twenty patients with congenital complete heart block (CHB) were monitored with ECG tape recordings while awake and asleep. Episodes of marked ventricular slowing during sleep (R-R greater than 3000 msec., i.e. less than 20 beats/min) were noted in 35% (7/20). Most of these sudden R-R prolongations were 2:1 or 3:1 exit block of the junctional focus. Atrial and ventricular rate changes were mostly concordant in 2/3 but the remainder demonstrated fixed ventricular rates while atrial rates varied normally, suggesting a "sick" or "lazy" junctional focus. Other arrhythmias were found in 60% (12/20), including several types of rhythms in three patients. One child with previously unsuspected superimposed multiple arrhythmias later had a syncopal episode despite proven supra-Hisian block. The multiple patterns of atrial and ventricular rate changes found indicate complex feedback mechanisms, suggesting that congenital CHB is not a single entity. Since a significant number of patients demonstrated one or another of these unexpected and potentially hazardous findings, we recommend that congenital block patients be carefully studied, including Holter monitoring done on a regular basis.
RNA transcripts of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fumio Imazeki, Katsuyuki Yaginuma, Masao Omata, Kunio Okuda, Midori Kobayashi, Katsuro Koike
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The states of hepatitis B virus DNA, RNA transcripts and antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg) were studied in the liver with hepatocellular carcinoma by blot hybridization and immunohistological methods. We used whole hepatitis B virus DNA and gene specific probes (S, C and X genes) for hybridization. Integrated viral DNA was found in all five tumors, but episomal DNA was not detected in the neoplastic tissue. In the nonneoplastic cirrhotic liver, episomal DNA was found in four cases and integrated viral DNA in four cases. A large amount of hepatitis B virus-specific RNA transcripts was demonstrated in nonneoplastic liver of all five cases. Two major transcripts, 2.4 and 3.4 kb in length, were identified. The former hybridized with the S gene probe and the latter with the C gene probe, suggesting that they were messenger RNAs for HBsAg and HBcAg, respectively. In contrast to nonneoplastic liver, RNA transcripts were found in the neoplastic portion in only two cases, small in quantity; they primarily hybridized with S and X, but not with C genes. Novel species of 4.0 and 3.9 kb transcripts were found in the neoplastic and the nonneoplastic portions, respectively, in one case. They may represent fusion transcripts of integrated viral DNA and cellular flanking sequences.
Arterial Oxygenation during Hemodialysis
Authors: Nicholas M. Aurigemma, Neil T. Feldman, Michael Gottlieb, Roland H. Ingram, J. Michael Lazarus, Edmund G. Lowrie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

A FALL in partial pressure of arterial oxygen, or oxygen tension (Pao2), occurring during hemodialysis is a well described phenomenon.1,2 The published data, however, are disparate over its cause and clinical implications. Bischel, Scoles and Mohler3 described a small but statistically significant fall in Pao2 at the end of dialysis and concluded that pulmonary arterial microembolization from the dialysis membrane was its cause. Other authors1,2,4 have described a decline in Pao2 of greater magnitude during the course of dialysis. Craddock and his associates4 believed that the underlying mechanism was related to complement-mediated leukostasis in pulmonary capillaries. . . .
Efficacy of interferon monotherapy to 394 consecutive naive cases infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 2a in Japan: therapy efficacy as consequence of tripartite interaction of viral, host and interferon treatment-related factors
Authors: Norio Akuta, Fumitaka Suzuki, Akihito Tsubota, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Takashi Someya, Masahiro Kobayashi, Satoshi Saitoh, Yasuji Arase, Kenji Ikeda, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Points from Letters: An Overpaid Profession?
Authors: D. A. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1974)

some extent those retiring between 1969 and 1972 will be given less than their olleagues who retired after 24 March 1972.This means that there has to be for them a different formula from that for general practitioners retiring after 24 March 1972 and it is on this that there have been some-what protracted negotiations with the De- partment.We have certainly put every pressure on the Department to expedite matters and we hope that with the help of our professional expert advisers we -may be able to reach an early settlement."-ED.,
Some Aspects of the Pathology of Anaemia--I
Authors: L. J. Witts
Journal: BMJ (1961)

By 1932 Castle's hypothesis that pernicious anaemia was due to the absence of an intrinsic factor in the gastric juice which reacted with an extrinsic factor in the diet to produce the haemopoietic factor had been generally accepted. There were still, however, certain reservations. There was doubt whether complete loss of the stomach in man inevitably led to pernicious anaemia, for it did not do so in animals, and at that time there were few patients whose life had been prolonged more than a year or so after total gastrectomy. As the number of survivors has grown we have learned that pernicious anaemia always develops if the patient lives long enough, though it may take several years for the body to exhaust its stores of vitamin B12 (Paulson and Harvey, 1954). Another difficulty was that achlorhydria was thought to be quite common, 20 to 30% in the later age-groups after a single body-dose of histamine (Polland, 1933). Estimation of intrinsic factor by the Castle test was a long and arduous procedure, not without danger to the patients used as test subjects, so that no large series of individuals with achlorhydria but without pernicious anaemia was studied. Since the introduction of the augmented histamine test and similar methods of giving a maximal stimulus to the parietal cells we know that true achlorhydria occurs much less often than used to be believed and is always evidence of disease of the stomach (Witts, 1959). Of the patients with complete achlorhydria a moiety will also have lost their ability to secrete intrinsic factor (Callender, Retief, and Witts, 1960). The total number of such cases seems relatively large in relation to the prevalence of overt pernicious anaemia (Witts, 1960). Nevertheless, it is doubtful whether we need invoke any other factor than the exhaustion of the tissue reserves of vitamin B12 to explain the transition from larval to overt pernicious anaemia.
Spirometric Correlates of Improvement in Exercise Performance after Anticholinergic Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: DENIS E. O'DONNELL, MIU LAM, KATHERINE A. WEBB
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We wished to determine which resting spirometric parameters best reflect improvements in exercise tolerance and exertional dyspnea in response to acute high-dose anticholinergic therapy in advanced COPD. We studied 29 patients with stable COPD (FEV1 = 40 ± 2% predicted [%pred]; mean ± SEM) and moderate to severe chronic dyspnea. In a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, patients performed spirometry and symptom-limited constant-load cycle exercise before and 1 h after receiving 500 μ g of nebulized ipratropium bromide (IB) or saline placebo. There were no significant changes in spirometry, exercise endurance, or exertional dyspnea after receiving placebo. In response to IB (n = 58): FEV1, FVC, and inspiratory capacity (IC) increased by 7 ± 1%pred, 10 ± 1%pred, and 14 ± 2%pred, respectively (p < 0.001), with no change in the FEV1/FVC ratio. After receiving IB, exercise endurance time (Tlim) increased by 32 ± 9% (p < 0.001) and slopes of Borg dyspnea ratings over time decreased by 11 ± 6% (p < 0.05). Percent change (% Δ ) in Tlim correlated best with Δ IC%pred (p = 0.020) and change in inspiratory reserve volume ( Δ TLC%pred) (p = 0.014), but not with Δ FVC%pred, Δ PEFR%pred, or Δ FEV1%pred. Change in Borg dyspnea ratings at isotime near end exercise also correlated with Δ IC%pred (p = 0.04), but not with any other resting parameter. Changes in spirometric measurements are generally poor predictors of clinical improvement in response to bronchodilators in COPD. Of the available parameters, increased IC, which is an index of reduced resting lung hyperinflation, best reflected the improvements in exercise endurance and dyspnea after IB. IC should be used in conjunction with FEV1 when evaluating therapeutic responses in COPD. O'Donnell DE, Lam M, Webb KA. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
An Influential Doctor
Authors: D. Gullick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The senior partner of the practice that I joined in 1945 had himself entered it before the first world war. In my unformed opinion he was a good doctor, making best use of what drugs were then available. He was always glad to hear from me of any recent development that I had learnt as a houseman. In turn he set about educating me in the proper conduct of practice, very necessary as this was before preregistration and traineeships.

He was an austere man. While widely respected, he was not— and did not seek to be—the beloved physician. He had allied to a natural reserve a strict personal code of professional …
Identifying employees who may harm others
Authors: M. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients attending without consulting general practitioner.A major factor influencing preferential attend- ance at an accident and emergency department is known to be the distance.of the patient from the hospital.General practitioners practising near to accident and emergency departments may expect a greater proportion ofthe minor traumas to be dealt with there.Sixty two general practitioners practise in Dar- lington Health Authority.If they dealt with these cases of minor trauma, and assuming an equal distribution ofworkload, each general practitioner could expect about 30 extra cases to deal with per month.Over 25% of emergencies occurred out of hours-600 pm to 800 am, with about 10% between 1100 pm and 700 am.Each general practitioner could therefore expect to receive about 10 calls "out ofhours" a month and to be disturbed from his or her bed three to four times a month.The general practitioner covering for several col- leagues could expect a substantial out of hours work commitment.Do general practitioners have the time?Do they have the facilities?
Postprandial Blood Glucose Response to Exercise in Type I Diabetes: Comparison Between Pump and Injection Therapy
Authors: Veikko A Koivisto, Bente Tronier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The effect of 40 min ergometer exercise on glucose homeostasis was studied 90 min after morning insulin and a breakfast meal in 11 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects treated with conventional injection therapy or with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with a portable pump. During conventional therapy plasma free insulin levels rose slowly (7 ± 2 μU/ml) after the morning injection, allowing an excessive postprandial rise in blood glucose levels (6.4 ± 0 . 4 mmol/L). Physical exercise was able to reverse this increase of blood glucose. With insulin infusion therapy, the initial rise in plasma free insulin after a preprandial bolus was 3.5-fold higher (25 ± 4 μU/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and postprandial hyperglycemia was reduced by 70% as compared with conventional therapy (P &amp;lt; 0.02). During exercise blood glucose fell 60% more in pump than in conventionally treated patients (P &amp;lt; 0.02). However, the decline continued during the recovery period in conventionally treated but not in pump patients, resulting in a comparable total fall in blood glucose in both groups. Fluctuations in blood glucose were avoided when exercise was performed in the fasting state with basal insulin infusion. In conclusion, when exercise was performed after breakfast, the total fall in blood glucose was similar during pump and conventional therapy, although the fall was faster on the pump. This can be explained, at least in part, by greater peak insulin levels obtained by the pump. Since postprandial glucose levels are lower in pump than in conventionally treated patients, a risk for hypoglycemia induced by postmeal exercise may be greater in pump than in conventionally treated patients.
A NOTE ON THE USE OF THE BLUNT HOOK
Authors: J. E. Godson
Journal: BMJ (1907)

sterility is probably, due to the structural and develop- mental abnormalities in the uterus induced by the abnormal diet It has been shown 2 that the consumption of meat per head in this country is to-day almost seventeen times as great as it was in 1850.During the same period the fall in the birth-rate has been most marked.While it would be unwarrantable to attempt to found any theories in regard to the falling birth-rate on the results of this limited experiment, yet, when we add to the above facts the further consideration that the diminished birth-rate is most marked in the better-off classes of society-that is, among the very classes whose means permit of an unrestricted use of the more expen- sive meat diet-it is evident that the food factor is one which is at least worthy of consideration in dealing with the great qguestion of the falling birth-rate.
CASE OF GASTRIC AND OMENTAL HERNIA.
Authors: F. E. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Mrs. S., widow, aged 63, with negative family and personal history, had, in years past, performed the usual duties of a housewife, and in addition served as farm helper during the harvest season. At the age of 36, in an attempt to lift a heavy forkful of hay on a wagon, she was suddenly stricken with excruciating pain in the middle of the epigastric region and immediately fell to the ground unconscious. She soon recovered, but felt as if she "had been torn to pieces." The pain and weakness persisted for several days and no medical advice was sought. At variable intervals the pain was felt, but on lying down and having hot applications applied to that region the attacks seemed to be aborted. This state of affairs continued for several years and apparently grew no worse. About five years ago, however, she experienced a severe spell, similar to the
Surprised by Surprises
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of ritanserin, a selective and specific S2-serotonergic antagonist, on portal pressure and splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Frederik Nevens, Pilar M. Pizcueta, Mercedes Fernández, Jaime Bosch, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Serotonergic mechanisms have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension; this suggests that blockade of serotonin S2 receptors may be a new approach for the pharmacological therapy of portal hypertension. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of ritanserin, a selective S2-serotonergic antagonist, in portal-hypertensive rats whose condition was due to partial portal vein ligation. The animals were randomized under double-blind conditions into two groups: the first received ritanserin (0.7 mg/kg body wt, intravenously), and the second received the same volume of placebo (isotonic saline solution). The hemodynamic studies were performed using radiolabeled microspheres 60 min after drug administration. Ritanserin administration significantly reduced portal pressure (from 11.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg to 9.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). This was associated with lower portocollateral resistance (1.8 +/- 0.2 mm Hg/ml/min 100 gm in the ritanserin group vs. 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm Hg/ml/min 100 gm in rats receiving placebo; not significant), but we saw no changes in portal-vein inflow (5.5 +/- 0.7 ml/min 100 gm vs. 5.4 +/- 0.5 ml/min 100 gm), mean arterial pressure (95.9 +/- 3.5 mm Hg vs. 94.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg) and cardiac index (31.9 +/- 3.5 ml/min 100 gm vs. 28.5 +/- 2.6 ml/min 100 gm). Hepatic arterial and kidney blood flows were not modified by ritanserin. In summary, our results demonstrate that ritanserin infusion decreases portal pressure without causing systemic hemodynamic changes. This effect is probably due to a decrease in portocollateral resistance in portal-hypertensive rats. These results provide further for a role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension.
Homotypic Interactions Mediated by Slamf1 and Slamf6 Receptors Control NKT Cell Lineage Development
Authors: Klaus Griewank, Christine Borowski, Svend Rietdijk, Ninghai Wang, Aimee Julien, Datsen G. Wei, Alusha A. Mamchak, Cox Terhorst, Albert Bendelac
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotype influences erythemal sensitivity to psoralen–ultraviolet A photochemotherapy
Authors: G. Smith, M.J.V. Wilkie, Y.Y. Deeni, P.M. Farr, J. Ferguson, C.R. Wolf, S.H. Ibbotson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotype influences erythemal sensitivity to psoralen–ultraviolet A photochemotherapy Get access G. Smith, G. Smith Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Correspondence: Gillian Smith. E‐mail: gillian.smith@cancer.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J.V. Wilkie, M.J.V. Wilkie Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y.Y. Deeni, Y.Y. Deeni Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Farr, P.M. Farr Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson, J. Ferguson Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Wolf, C.R. Wolf Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Ibbotson S.H. Ibbotson Photobiology Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 6, 1 December 2007, Pages 1230–1234, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08209.x Published: 01 December 2007
Clinical and angiographic risk factors for stroke and death within 30 days after carotid endarterectomy and stent-protected angioplasty: a subanalysis of the SPACE study
Authors: Robert Stingele, Jürgen Berger, Karsten Alfke, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Gustav Fraedrich, Jens Allenberg, Marius Hartmann, Peter A Ringleb, Jens Fiehler
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)
The Transparent Baby Bag
Authors: Nicholas J. Besch, Paul H. Perlstein, Neil K. Edwards, William J. Keenan, James M. Sutherland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Swaddling of newborn infants in double-layered, clear-plastic bags with a head shield allowed less heat loss than a radiant heater alone. Protection against heat loss is increased if the plastic bag is combined with a radiant heater. This protection is accomplished without severe compromise of either visualization or handling of the infant.
Seizure Suppression by GDNF Gene Therapy in Animal Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Irene Kanter-Schlifke, Biljana Georgievska, Deniz Kirik, Merab Kokaia
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Temporal lobe epilepsy patients remain refractory to available anti-epileptic drugs in 30% of cases, indicating a need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this context, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) emerges as a possible new agent for epilepsy treatment. However, a limited number of studies, use of different epilepsy models, and different methods of GDNF delivery preclude understanding of the mechanisms for the seizure-suppressant action of GDNF. Here we show that recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector–based GDNF overexpression in the rat hippocampus suppresses seizures in two models of temporal lobe epilepsy. First, when rAAV-GDNF was injected before hippocampal kindling, the number of generalized seizures decreased, and the prolongation of behavioral convulsions in fully kindled animals was prevented. Second, injection of rAAV-GDNF after kindling increased the seizure induction threshold. Third, rAAV-GDNF decreased the frequency of generalized seizures during the self-sustained phase of status epilepticus. Our data demonstrate the complexity of mechanisms and the beneficial action of GDNF in epilepsy. Furthermore, we show that ectopic rAAV-mediated GDNF gene expression in the seizure focus is a feasible way to mitigate seizures and provides proof of principle that the neurotrophic factor–based gene therapy approach has the potential to be developed as alternative strategy for epilepsy treatment. Temporal lobe epilepsy patients remain refractory to available anti-epileptic drugs in 30% of cases, indicating a need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this context, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) emerges as a possible new agent for epilepsy treatment. However, a limited number of studies, use of different epilepsy models, and different methods of GDNF delivery preclude understanding of the mechanisms for the seizure-suppressant action of GDNF. Here we show that recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector–based GDNF overexpression in the rat hippocampus suppresses seizures in two models of temporal lobe epilepsy. First, when rAAV-GDNF was injected before hippocampal kindling, the number of generalized seizures decreased, and the prolongation of behavioral convulsions in fully kindled animals was prevented. Second, injection of rAAV-GDNF after kindling increased the seizure induction threshold. Third, rAAV-GDNF decreased the frequency of generalized seizures during the self-sustained phase of status epilepticus. Our data demonstrate the complexity of mechanisms and the beneficial action of GDNF in epilepsy. Furthermore, we show that ectopic rAAV-mediated GDNF gene expression in the seizure focus is a feasible way to mitigate seizures and provides proof of principle that the neurotrophic factor–based gene therapy approach has the potential to be developed as alternative strategy for epilepsy treatment.