tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter from America
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An Inconvenient Truth was cut short as the plane began its descent into Chicago. My mood was plummeting; I was weighed down by guilt about my carbon footprint, and I vowed to join Greenpeace on my return. I was travelling to speak at grand rounds at Cook County Hospital. And with the United States in the mood for doing the unthinkable, my chosen topic was, “Should the US nationalise its health care?” I regretted my passing resemblance to Lenin. With my usual overconfidence faltering and against my tradition, I …
Improving hand hygiene adherence in an endoscopy unit
Authors: L. Santos, M. Souza Dias, V. Borrasca, L. Cavassin, R. Deso di Lobo, R. Bozza Schwenck, T. Herrerias Puschiavo, C. Toscano, K. Hashiba, A. Bierrenbach
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Although hand hygiene is the most important measure in preventing infection transmission in healthcare settings, adherence to recommendations among healthcare workers is low. We implemented and assessed the impact of a World Health Organization-recommended educational intervention to improve hand hygiene adherence at the endoscopy unit of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Hand hygiene adherence and techniques used by healthcare workers of the endoscopy unit in the course of their duties were observed unobtrusively by four nurses from the infection control unit. Data were collected at every opportunity for hand hygiene. Evaluations were carried out before and 1 and 10 months after an educational intervention. The intervention consisted of task-orientated training sessions, with live demonstrations of the multitude of opportunities for hand hygiene and the appropriate techniques. In addition to assessing hand hygiene practices, we also evaluated staff knowledge through standardized questionnaires administered before and after the education intervention. Adherence was defined as hand hygiene/disinfection at an opportunity for hand hygiene. <b>Results:</b> Adherence improved from 21.4 % before the intervention to 63.3 % 1 month and 73.5 % 10 months after the educational intervention. Correct answers to the questionnaire were 82.1 % on pre-intervention test and 85.7 % on post-intervention test. <b>Conclusion: </b>Hand hygiene rates were low before the education intervention and improved significantly after it. Against expectations, adherence to hand hygiene practices had increased further at 10 months after the intervention, reinforcing the intervention’s positive impact.
Abstract 14025: Microvesicle-mediated Transfer of Mirnas Between Macrophages and Vascular Cells
Authors: Rebecca Teske, Nicolaus C Erichsen, Christian Troidl, Sebastian Szardien, Sandra Voss, Oliver Dorr, Markus Willmer, Dursun Gunduz, Muhammad Aslam, Martin Hardt, Daniel G Sedding, Helge Mollmann, Holger Nef, Christian W Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Comparison of the composition of faecal fluid in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Authors: R Schilli, R I Breuer, F Klein, K Dunn, A Gnaedinger, J Bernstein, M Paige, M Kaufman
Journal: Gut (1982)

We determined the ionic composition of faecal fluid from 13 patients with Crohn9s disease limited to the colon, 10 with diffuse ulcerative colitis, and eight with ulcerative proctitis. The Crohn9s and colitis groups had similar proportions of colon surface involved radiographically and similar 24 hour faecal weights. However, Crohn9s patients9 faecal fluid had arithmetically lower mean sodium and statistically lower mean chloride (34.8 mmol/l +/- 16.2 SD vs. 53.1 mmol/l +/- 23.1 SD) and higher potassium (49.2 mmol/l +/- 20.2 SD vs. 33.0 mmol/l +/- 13.8 SD) concentrations (p less than 0.05 for each) and much higher osmolality (487.1 mOsmol/kg +/- 87.1 SD vs. 341.1 mOsmol/kg +/- 88.9 SD, p less than 0.001). Separation of these patients using the faecal osmotic gap agreed with the clinical classification in 86% of cases. The diarrhoea of proctitis patients had a nearly normal ionic composition which was clearly distinguishable from that of diffuse colitis. These results suggest differences in the composition and perhaps the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea of Crohn9s and ulcerative colitis. The composition of fluid may prove a useful, non-invasive method for classifying patients with inflammatory bowel disease and, in ulcerative colitis, determining the extent of the inflammatory process.
Long survival after carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: F. Pygott
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper by a radiologist is based on a follow-up of a personal series of 196 patients radiologically examined in the five-year period 1947-51.The evidence from this series suggests that with infiltration of the antrum or the antrum and body of the stomach radiological evidence of the local extent of carcinoma should not be a deterrent in considering operability.
Interleukin 6 causes growth impairment in transgenic mice through a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-I. A model for stunted growth in children with chronic inflammation.
Authors: F De Benedetti, T Alonzi, A Moretta, D Lazzaro, P Costa, V Poli, A Martini, G Ciliberto, E Fattori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Stunted growth is a major complication of chronic inflammation and recurrent infections in children. Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by markedly elevated circulating levels of IL-6 and stunted growth. In this study we found that NSE/hIL-6 transgenic mouse lines expressing high levels of circulating IL-6 since early after birth presented a reduced growth rate that led to mice 50-70% the size of nontransgenic littermates. Administration of a monoclonal antibody to the murine IL-6 receptor partially reverted the growth defect. In NSE/hIL-6 transgenic mice, circulating IGF-I levels were significantly lower than those of nontransgenic littermates; on the contrary, the distribution of growth hormone pituitary cells, as well as circulating growth hormone levels, were normal. Treatment of nontransgenic mice of the same strain with IL-6 resulted in a significant decrease in IGF-I levels. Moreover, in patients with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, circulating IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with IGF-I levels. Our findings suggest that IL-6-mediated decrease in IGF-I production represents a major mechanism by which chronic inflammation affects growth.
Benign Breast Disease and Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: Dwight T. Janerich
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A random selection of 1,230 upstate New York childbearing women was used to examine the history of oral contraceptive use in women with a clinical diagnosis of benign breast disease. We found that 73 women who had benign breast disease had a reduced duration of pill use. When determining the reason for this reduction, we found that in a significant portion (P less than .05) of our benign breast disease cases, the women had been advised by their physicians to discontinue pill use for breast-related reasons. We then surveyed a large group of upstate New York physicians. One third of them considered benign breast disease a potential contraindication for starting oral contraceptive use. Nearly one half throught the development of benign breast disease to be a potential contraindication for continuing oral contraceptive use. It is premature to conclude that oral contraceptive usage protects against benign breast disease.
Myeloma Relapse Involving the Heart and Presenting As Acute Cardiac Failure
Authors: Barry Kevane, Maeve P. Crowley, Margaret Bolster, Oonagh Gilligan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Case ReportA 56-year-old man presented to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, cough, fever, and chest pain.He had a history of mild essential hypertension but no history of significant cardiovascular disease.Cardiac enzymes were slightly elevated; however, his initial electrocardiogram and chest radiograph were normal.He subsequently became acutely tachycardic with a second electrocardiogram that demonstrated atrial flutter and an echocardiogram that identified a small pericardial effusion.Two attempts at electrical cardioversion were made but were not successful.The patient became hypotensive with progressive pulmonary edema and was transferred to the intensive therapy unit.Over the next 48 hours, his renal function deteriorated, requiring renal replacement therapy, and serial echocardiograms showed a gradual deterioration in left ventricular function.He developed respiratory failure and underwent endotracheal intubation, but unfortunately, his condition deteriorated further and he died, despite aggressive attempts at ventilatory and circulatory support.Five years before this acute presentation, this patient was diagnosed with immunoglobulin A myeloma.He initially completed six cycles of idarubicin and dexamethasone followed by thalidomide maintenance and subsequently underwent autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.He relapsed 15 months after transplantation and began receiving treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone.He relapsed again 2 months after the completion of six cycles of bortezomib and dexamethasone.At this point, 2 months before his acute presentation to the emergency room, he began receiving treatment with lenalidomide.Table 1 summarizes the course of his disease from initial presentation to autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and subsequent recurrent relapses.At autopsy, the heart was enlarged with a small pericardial effusion.Microscopic examination of sections of myocardium revealed a diffuse infiltrate of pleomorphic plasma cells (Fig 1, low-power magnification; Fig 2, high-power magnification).His cause of death was recorded as congestive cardiac failure secondary to myocardial infiltration.
A CASE OF SPOROTRICHOSIS
Authors: H. G. ADAMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1911)

Journal Article A CASE OF SPOROTRICHOSIS Get access H. G. ADAMSON, M.D., F.R.C.P. H. G. ADAMSON, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 8, 1 August 1911, Pages 239–246, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1911.tb16676.x Published: 01 August 1911
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Potential Arthropathogenicity in Children Receiving Quinolones
Authors: A. Danisovicová, T. Krcméryová, S. Belan, H. Kayserová, I. Hruskovic, M. Brezina, E. Kaiserová, T. Rovensky, S. Dluholucky, V. Krcméry
Journal: Drugs (1995)
Oral Mucositis — The Search for a Solution
Authors: Adi A. Garfunkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The oral cavity is a complex environment composed of tissues with different origins, structures, and functions. Moreover, a myriad of commensal bacteria, fungi, and viruses populate the mucosa, connective tissue, salivary glands, taste buds, bones, and teeth of the mouth. This environment is disrupted in oral mucositis (Figure 1), a serious complication of high-dose chemoradiotherapy that affects up to 75 percent of patients who undergo hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation1 and 77 percent of patients with head and neck cancer who receive such treatment.2 Numerous studies in animals and humans have tried to find a means of preventing and treating oral mucositis. . . .
In vivo EPR spectroscopy of free radicals in the heart.
Authors: J L Zweier, P Kuppusamy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can be applied to directly measure free radicals; however, it has not been possible to measure important biologic radicals in situ because conventional spectrometer designs are not suitable for the performance of measurements on large aqueous structures such as whole organs or tissues. We describe the design, construction, and application of instrumentation developed in an effort to obtain optimum performance in measuring free radicals in intact biologic organs or tissues. This spectrometer consists of a 1- to 2-GHz microwave bridge with the source locked to the resonant frequency of a specially designed recessed gap, loop-gap resonator. The principles of resonator design and construction are analyzed and described. Using this spectrometer radical concentrations as low as 0.4 microM in aqueous solutions could be measured. Studies of isolated beating hearts involving simultaneous real time measurements of free radicals and cardiac contractile function are performed. This in vivo EPR technique is applied to study the kinetics of free radical uptake and metabolism in normally perfused and globally ischemic hearts. In addition, it is demonstrated that this technique can be used to noninvasively measure tissue oxygen consumption. Thus, low frequency EPR spectroscopy offers great promise in the study of in vivo free radical generation and the effects of this radical generation on whole biologic tissues.
CCN1 induces hepatic ductular reaction through integrin αvβ5–mediated activation of NF-κB
Authors: Ki-Hyun Kim, Chih-Chiun Chen, Gianfranco Alpini, Lester F. Lau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Liver cholestatic diseases, which stem from diverse etiologies, result in liver toxicity and fibrosis and may progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. We show that CCN1 (also known as CYR61), a matricellular protein that dampens and resolves liver fibrosis, also mediates cholangiocyte proliferation and ductular reaction, which are repair responses to cholestatic injury. In cholangiocytes, CCN1 activated NF-κB through integrin αvβ5/αvβ3, leading to Jag1 expression, JAG1/NOTCH signaling, and cholangiocyte proliferation. CCN1 also induced Jag1 expression in hepatic stellate cells, whereupon they interacted with hepatic progenitor cells to promote their differentiation into cholangiocytes. Administration of CCN1 protein or soluble JAG1 induced cholangiocyte proliferation in mice, which was blocked by inhibitors of NF-κB or NOTCH signaling. Knock-in mice expressing a CCN1 mutant that is unable to bind αvβ5/αvβ3 were impaired in ductular reaction, leading to massive hepatic necrosis and mortality after bile duct ligation (BDL), whereas treatment of these mice with soluble JAG1 rescued ductular reaction and reduced hepatic necrosis and mortality. Blockade of integrin αvβ5/αvβ3, NF-κB, or NOTCH signaling in WT mice also resulted in defective ductular reaction after BDL. These findings demonstrate that CCN1 induces cholangiocyte proliferation and ductular reaction and identify CCN1/αvβ5/NF-κB/JAG1 as a critical axis for biliary injury repair.
Effects of liver failure on branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in rat liver and muscle: comparison between acute and chronic liver failure
Authors: Takashi Honda, Yoshihide Fukuda, Isao Nakano, Yoshiaki Katano, Hidemi Goto, Masaru Nagasaki, Yuzo Sato, Taro Murakami, Yoshiharu Shimomura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Child Abuse Reporting
Authors: Susan C. Kim, Lawrence O. Gostin, Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uptake studies in rat Peyer's patches, cytotoxicity and release studies of alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal vaccination
Authors: Olga Borges, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Stefan G. Romeijn, Maryam Amidi, Adriano de Sousa, Gerrit Borchard, Hans E. Junginger
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Cancer Statistics for African Americans
Authors: A. Ghafoor, A. Jemal, V. Cokkinides, C. Cardinez, T. Murray, A. Samuels, M. J. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2002)

Although cancer remains a major public health burden for African Americans, progress is being achieved. Since 1984, the cancer mortality rate has declined two percent. Stomach and uterine cancer death rates have shown dramatic decreases in the last 30 years. Tobacco use is declining among blacks and is much lower among black adolescents than among their white counterparts. Black women are getting Pap smears more frequently than are any other ethnic group. Evidence is now accumulating that the causes of increased cancer morbidity and mortality in African Americans are related more to poverty and lack of education and access to care than to any inherent racial characteristics. Such observations support a range of opportunities whereby the impact of cancer in African Americans can be diminished through community programs and public health action.
Independent, parallel pathways to CXCL10 induction in HCV-infected hepatocytes
Authors: Jessica Brownell, Jessica Wagoner, Erica S. Lovelace, Derek Thirstrup, Isaac Mohar, Wesley Smith, Silvia Giugliano, Kui Li, I. Nicholas Crispe, Hugo R. Rosen, Stephen J. Polyak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Destruction of tumour parenchyma in basal cell carcinoma by tumour-associated neutral proteases: a histochemical study
Authors: BETTINA SCHLAGENHAUFF, C. KLESSEN, SONJA TEICHMANN-DORR, H. BREUNINGER, G. RASSNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Proteolytic activity was demonstrated histochemically in frozen sections of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). After incubation of tissue sections in 0.1 M phosphate buffer with 0.25 M NaCl the tumour epithelium was almost completely destroyed. The basal and squamous cell layers of the epidermis disintegrated to varying degrees, particularly where they were directly in contact with tumour epithelium. Serine and metalloprotease inhibitors diminished this tissue destruction. Iodoacetate enhanced tumour destruction, urea and potassium thiocyanate even more so. The high proteolytic activity of BCC demonstrated in this study may be an important factor in the proliferative, invasive and destructive behaviour of this tumour.
Heparin Comes Clean
Authors: Lawrence B. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Hypotensive episodes in patients receiving heparin by means of injection, some of which cause death, are voluntarily reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Many cases occur in medical situations associated with hypotension, such as hemodialysis or pulmonary embolus. Such reports of hypotensive episodes and, unfortunately, of associated deaths increased dramatically from November 2007 through February 2008.1 Close cooperation among the FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pharmaceutical companies, and physicians led to the tracing of the problematic preparations of heparin to the Scientific Protein Laboratories' manufacturing operation in Changzhou, China. Consequently, by March 2008, exposures of . . .
Sedative–hypnotic effect of YZG-330 and its effect on chloride influx in mouse brain cortical cells
Authors: Lili Liu, Shaobo Jia, Jingwen Dong, Ying Zhang, Ruiming Xu, Jianjun Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

This study was to examine the sedative–hypnotic effect of YZG-330 and its influence on Cl− influx in mouse cortical cells. In a sleep time-prolongation test in which mice were administered a threshold dosage of sodium pentobarbital (ip), YZG-330 (0.125, 0.5 and 2 mg/kg, po) prolonged the sleep time by 25% (P>0.05), 64% (P<0.01) and 506% (P<0.001), respectively. Thereafter, treatment with YZG-330 permitted mice that had woken up after the threshold dose of sodium pentobarbital (ip) to fall asleep again. A Cl−-sensitive fluorescent probe, N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE), was used to determine the effect of YZG-330 on Cl− influx. YZG-330 (0.3, 0.6 and 1.5 mM) increased Cl− influx in mouse cortical cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These data suggest that YZG-330 has a hypnotic effect in mice, and the effect may be related to an increase in Cl− influx in cortical cells.
Abstract 2603: A critical role of Gβγ in breast tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Xiaoyun Tang, Michael Henry, Songhai Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates the involvement of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the process of breast tumor development, including tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting GPCRs has been proposed as a novel adjuvant strategy in cancer treatment. However, this approach faces many significant hurdles due in part to the involvement of multiple GPCRs in tumor progression. Thus, there is a need for an alternative approach that targets a signaling mechanism common to these receptors. GPCRs such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors, thrombin receptors and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 transmit signals through multiple classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of Gα and Gβγ subunits. There are four major classes of Gα subunits (Gαi, Gαs, Gαq and Gα12/13) that regulate distinct activities of different effectors. Although there are 5 Gβ and 12 Gγ isoforms, different combination of Gβγ complexes appear to regulate a similar profile of downstream effectors. We therefore reason that Gβγ-dependent signaling may represent a point of signal convergence from multiple GPCRs that can be targeted for the therapeutic of breast tumor. In this study, we evaluated the role of Gβγ in breast tumor progression. Our data show that blocking Gβγ signaling with small molecular inhibitors alleviated breast tumor cell proliferation and GPCR-stimulated cell migration in vitro, suggesting that Gβγ is critical for breast tumor progression. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of Gβγ scavengers, the C-terminal tail of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2-ct) or Gαt, in breast tumor cells suppressed tumor cell growth both in 2D and 3D culture, and abolished LPA- and SDF1α-stimulated cell migration. Additional studies indicate that Gβγ mediates GPCR-simulated activation of PI3K, PLCβ and MAPK, which in turn contribute to breast tumor cell growth and migration. Finally, by inducible expression of Gαt in MDA-MB-231 cells, we provided evidence that Gβγ signaling promotes tumor cell growth and lung metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Gβγ plays a critical role in breast tumor progression. These findings suggest that targeting Gβγ-dependent signaling may represent a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2603.