tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Risk of Adverse Fetal Outcomes Associated With Immunosuppressive Medications for Chronic Immune‐Mediated Diseases in Pregnancy
Authors: William O. Cooper, T. Craig Cheetham, De‐Kun Li, C. Michael Stein, S. Todd Callahan, Thomas M. Morgan, Ayumi K. Shintani, Ning Chen, Marie R. Griffin, Wayne A. Ray
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Objective To assess the risk of adverse fetal outcomes following exposure to individual immunosuppressive drugs in pregnant women with chronic immune‐mediated diseases. Methods Health plan data were obtained from the Tennessee Medicaid and Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Southern California claims databases, with linkage to both vital records and medical records. Women with inflammatory arthropathies, those with systemic lupus erythematosus, and those with inflammatory bowel disease who filled prescriptions for immunosuppressive treatments during pregnancy were included. Major congenital malformations, fetal deaths, and life‐threatening neonatal complications were identified from the electronic data and validated with medical record review. Results The cohort included 608 infants, including 437 with exposure to immunosuppressive drugs during the mother's pregnancy (402 during the first trimester, and 35 during the second and third trimester only) and 171 whose mothers filled prescriptions for immunosuppressive treatments before, but not during, pregnancy. There were 25 pregnancies (4.1% of the cohort) with confirmed major congenital malformations, and 10 fetal deaths (1.6% of the cohort). Among 113 preterm infants with exposures during pregnancy, 23 (20.4%) had life‐threatening neonatal complications, and among 485 term infants, 10 (2.1%) had life‐threatening complications. Compared to the reference group (treatment before, but not during, pregnancy), the risk ratios (RRs) for adverse fetal outcomes associated with immunosuppressive treatments (by exposure category) during pregnancy included the following: methotrexate (RR 1.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.43–4.53), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.38–2.55), hydroxychloroquine (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.69–2.55), and other immunosuppressive medications (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.48–1.98). Conclusion In this study, there was no evidence of a large increase in risk of adverse fetal outcomes from first‐trimester exposure to immunosuppressive medications, although the confidence intervals for the risk ratios were wide. Further studies will be needed as use of these medications increases over time.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in CLL: clinical stage, IGVH gene mutational status, and loss or mutation of the p53 gene are independent prognostic factors
Authors: David G. Oscier, Anne C. Gardiner, Sarah J. Mould, Sharron Glide, Zadie A. Davis, Rachel E. Ibbotson, Martin M. Corcoran, Robert M. Chapman, Peter W. Thomas, J. Adrian Copplestone, Jenny A. Orchard, Terry J. Hamblin
Journal: Blood (2002)
Stability of diagnosis in schizophrenia
Authors: Y R Chen, A C Swann, D B Burt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors investigated factors associated with change in diagnosis from schizophrenia to other disorders and from other disorders to schizophrenia, as well as the time elapsed before diagnostic change.Using a longitudinal study design, they examined data collected over a 7-year period at an urban acute care psychiatric hospital. The subjects were 936 inpatients who had been hospitalized at least four times during the study period. Changes to and from a diagnosis of schizophrenia over the 7 years were investigated in relation to demographic variables, socioeconomic factors, and clinical features.Fifty-six (21.9%) of the 256 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the beginning of the study received a different diagnosis during a subsequent hospitalization. Females and subjects of Hispanic origin were more likely to undergo a diagnostic change from schizophrenia. Two hundred twenty-three (32.8%) of the 680 subjects who initially had a diagnosis other than schizophrenia were later diagnosed with schizophrenia. Males and African Americans had significantly higher rates of change to a diagnosis of schizophrenia than females and other ethnic groups. In addition, socio-economic factors and clinical features were associated with a change in diagnosis from another disorder to schizophrenia.The diagnosis of schizophrenia, in current practice, is not static. Patients' characteristics interact with longitudinal clinical changes to produce shifts in diagnosis. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to validate diagnoses.
Medical Gymnastics and Massage in General Practice.
Authors: Johan Emil Arvedson, Mina Louisa Dobbie
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemiology and Prevention of Traffic Accidents Involving Child Pedestrians
Authors: J H READ, E J BRADLEY, J D MORISON, D LEWALL, D A CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A study of 713 motor vehicle accidents involving 749 children in the city of Vancouver is reported. A control group of 110 children who did not have accidents was included in the concurrent study. Factors investigated were the driver, the vehicle, the weather, the time of day, the day of week, the month, the width of roadway, the location of the accident, the child's age, sex, personality, school record, and family background, the type of injury, and the ambulance and hospital service received. Boys were more commonly involved than girls, and most accidents occurred in the 3 to 7 year age group. Head injuries prevailed in the younger age groups and decreased steadily with the age of the child. Specific epidemic areas in the city were identified and selective enforcement was suggested as a possible countermeasure. Hospital records seldom provided a detailed history of the events leading up to the accident. In order to apply the preventive techniques of education and enforcement it was suggested that in each pedestrian traffic accident the driver should be required to accompany the victim to the site of medical care.
Relationships Among Tumor Load, Route of Tumor Inoculation, and Response to Immunochemotherapy in a Murine Lymphoma Model&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. Marconi, A. Cassone, M. Baccarini, L. Tissi, E. Garaci, E. Bonmassar, L. Frati, F. Bistoni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The combined effects of nonspecific immunostimulation with Candida albicans (CA) and chemotherapy were studied in (BALB/cCr × DBA/2Cr)F1 and (C57BL/6Cr × DBA/2Cr)F1 mice bearing virus-induced LSTRA lymphomas. Paradoxically, animals treated with a relatively high number of tumor cells responded better to therapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) than those challenged with a low number of tumor cells. However, the majority of mice subjected to low initial tumor load were cured when they were treated with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus booster injection of CA at a relatively “late” stage of the disease, i.e., when high tumor load was present in tumor-bearing hosts. It has been shown that this phenomenon, provisionally called high tumor load protection, occurs when the animals are challenged ip but not when they are challenged iv with the tumor and is abolished by total-body γ-irradiation. Moreover, marked host protection can be attained when immunostimulated mice, inoculated iv with lymphoma cells, are subjected to simultaneous challenge with high inocula of the same tumor ip, followed by BCNU administration. These data stress the importance of the peritoneal cavity for successful CA plus drug treatment and suggest that optimal tumor “antigen load” should be present at the time of CA and/or BCNU administration.
Abstract 12165: Atrial Fibrillation Increases the Risk of Incident Dementia: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pasquale Santangeli, Luigi Di Biase, Prasant Mohanty, Rong Bai, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Agnes Pump, Mauricio Cereceda, Rodney Horton, J. David Burkhardt, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Intestinal Circulation, Enteral Nutrition, and Inoperable Abdominal Angina
Authors: Jjh Vanderheide, Jan Kleibeuker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1987Intestinal Circulation, Enteral Nutrition, and Inoperable Abdominal AnginaJAAP J. HOMAN VAN DER HEIDE, M.D., JAN H. KLEIBEUKER, M.D.JAAP J. HOMAN VAN DER HEIDE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAN H. KLEIBEUKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-592_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A 63-year-old man had been treated for abdominal angina with an aortomesenteric bypass 2 years previously; the patient had severe intestinal ischemia during an episode of dehydration. Angiography showed a total occlusion of the graft and of both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Small collateral vessels allowing marginal mesenteric bloodflow were present. Oral food was not tolerated and surgical therapy was not feasible in this situation.Continuous enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube was started in order to stimulate the collateral circulation. Volume and caloric density were such that there were no ischemic symptoms. Initially only...References1. ZOLLWESSLERSCHLESINGER MSM. Interarterial coronary anastomoses in the human heart, with particular reference to anemia and relative cardiac anoxia. Circulation. 1956;6:797-815. Google Scholar2. ECKSTEIN R. Effect of exercise and coronary artery narrowing on coronary collateral circulation. Circ Res. 1957;5:230-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SKINNERSTRANDNESS JE. Exercise and intermittent claudication (1 and 2). Circulation. 1967;36:15-29. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CENKAMMERERNEEF MKH. Verschluss der drei unpaaren Eingeweidearterien ohne klinische Symptomatik. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1972;97:197-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. REINER L. Mesenteric arterial insufficiency and abdominal angina. Arch Intern Med. 1964;114:765-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Groningen NL-9713 EZ Groningen the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChronic mesenteric ischaemia: diagnostic challenges and treatment options 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 592-592KeywordsAnginaAngiographyFoodIschemiaMesenteric arteriesNutrition Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3361: Progressive Left Ventricle, Myocyte Dysfunction, and Heart Failure in the Lethality of Anthrax Toxin in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Che-Ping Cheng, Satoshi Masutani, Heng-Jie Cheng, Michael Cross, Chun-Xian Zhang, Peng Zhou, Jennifer Cann, J. Mark Cline, William C Little, Shu-Ru Kuo, Arthur E Frankel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background . Bacillus anthracis ( BA ) infection is a cause of human and animal disease and associated with biowarfare. Although circulatory shock related to anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) may play a primary role in lethality due to BA infection, its mechanisms are unclear. Methods . Six chronically-instrumented conscious dogs were assigned to receive a bolus injection of LeTx (10 ml saline with equivalent doses PA/LF, about 0.265 mg/kg, iv, n = 2) or saline (10 ml, iv, n = 4). Hemodynamic, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic responses were determined periodically until 96 hours (h) in both groups. LV biopsies were performed at about 98H (before death). Isolated myocyte contractile function and histopathological alterations were determined. Results . Compared with control, in LeTx-treated animals, there were progressive decreases in LV contractility and slowed LV relaxation during the transition from LV dysfunction to heart failure (HF) over 96–98H. The cardiac depression was apparent about 6 – 8H after LeTx, but progressed through the subsequent 72–98H. At 72H after LeTx, heart rate (LeTx:129vsControl:95 bpm), LV end-diastolic pressure (P) (21vs9 mmHg), and the time constant of relaxation (40.9vs29.7 ms) were increased with markedly reduced ejection fraction, stroke volume (SV, 8.4vs15.8 ml), and end-systolic P (92vs118 mmHg). Moreover, LV contractility was decreased 49% (E ES , 4.1vs8.2 mmHg/ml and M SW , 44.9vs88.9 mmHg) with rightward shifts of LV P-V loops. At 96H, M SW , SV, and EF were further decreased accompanied by the development of severe HF. Pathologic finding of LV dilatation was associated with significantly increased length of LV myocytes (201±11vs122±13 μm). In LeTx-treated myocytes, there were about 46% reductions in cell contraction (79.0±9.7vs146.2±11.4 μm/s) and relaxation, respectively. LeTx produced lethality in dogs 4 days after LeTx treatment with similar time courses to those previously reported in man. Conclusions . LeTx causes direct and time-dependent progressive decrease in LV contractility, slow relaxation, cardiomyocyte dysfunction, LV, and myocyte remodeling and leads to HF, which suggests that the heart could be the primary target for the action of LeTx and plays an important role in lethality due to BA infection.
Abstract #LB-274: Role of ovarian cancer immunoreactive antigen domain containing 1 (OCIAD1) in cell adhesion, secondary homing and recurrence in presence of lysophosphatidic acid and paclitaxel.
Authors: Chunyang Wang, Chad Michener, Jerome Belinson, Susan Vaziri, Ram Ganapathi, Saubhik Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite the introduction of taxanes in the 1980\#8217;s, overall survival for ovarian cancer has remained poor, and management of late stage or recurrent disease is a continuing problem. We have reported (Gyn. Onc. 2008) that ovarian cancer immunoreactive antigen domain 1 (OCIAD1) is up-regulated in late stage disease when compared to the paired primary tumor and that OCIAD1 plays a role in LPA induced cell adhesion. Results also indicated that paclitaxel sensitivity was inversely correlated with OCIAD1 expression in several ovarian cancer model systems. In this study we have tested the role of OCIAD1 in the presence of 18:1 lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that is omnipresent in the blood and ascites of ovarian cancer patients for effects on paclitaxel sensitivity. The model system developed to test the role of OCIAD1 was an  in vitro  secondary cell homing assay on matrigel to mimic recurrent ovarian cancer. In contrast to cells transfected with scrambled siRNA (gain of function), OCIAD1 targeted siRNA (loss of function) treated cells lacked the ability to form secondary colonies in presence of paclitaxel. In addition to stimulating OCIAD1 phosphorylation, LPA also upregulated OCIAD1 expression in the nucleus of cells within 2 hrs of treatment and OCIAD1 was found to subsequently redistribute in the cytosol within 24 hrs. Using both small molecule inhibitors and genetic techniques our results demonstrate that LPA induced OCIAD1 up-regulation is mediated through the LPA - MKK6 - p38 pathway. Cycloheximide treatment coupled with quantitative PCR results indicated that MKK6 stimulated OCIAD1 upregulation was transcriptionally regulated. This is the first report demonstrating that OCIAD1 function can be upregulated by LPA through the MKK6-p38 pathway and OCIAD1 up-regulation can result in cells increased ability to tolerate chemotherapeutic insults and survive, a hallmark often leading to late stage disease and recurrence. These results raise the possibility of using OCIAD1 inhibition strategies to improve paclitaxel sensitivity for late stage ovarian cancer management. Further, studies using  in vivo  models of ovarian cancer developed in our laboratory are currently being evaluated to test whether elevated OCIAD1 levels can lead to increased metastasis and recurrence.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-274.
Pulmonary and systemic inflammation in patients with AECOPD
Authors: Shuanglin Liu, Yibo Shen, Qi Li, Changzheng Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND :Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by marked chronic inflammation in the pulmonary as well as in the circulation. Also, COPD exacerbations are associated with increased pulmonary and systemic inflammation.  OBJECTIVES  : This study aimed to assess the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in patients with AECOPD.  METHODS  : Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 26 Patients with AECOPD, 30 cases with stable COPD, 13 healthy smokers and 16 healthy never somkers as controls.  RESULTS  : A marked increase in percentages of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was demonstrated in patients with AECOPD(73.0±2.2%)compared with stable COPD(50.9±2.7%), the healthy smokers(3.3±0.3%)and non-smokers subjects(2.5±0.5%). Patients with AECOPD showed significantly higher levels of IL17A, L23,TNFα,IL1β,IL6 and IL8 in both of BALF and serum compared with Patients with stable COPD as well as the controls. The levels of IL10 in BALF and plasma of patients with AECOPD were significantly lower than that in the stable COPD (p CONCLUSIONS  : The study shows that there were markedly elevated pulmonary and systemic inflammation and there were weak but significant association of pulmonary with systemic inflammation responses. The innate as well as adoptive immune responses were involved in inflammation responses in AECOPD.
Nocturnal wrist movements are correlated with objective clinical scores and plasma chemokine levels in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: K-L.E. Hon, M-C.A. Lam, T-F. Leung, W-Y.C. Kam, K-C.K. Lee, M-C.A. Li, T-F. Fok, P-C. Ng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing disease associated with pruritus and sleep disturbance. Scratching due to pruritus is an important mechanism in the exacerbation of AD but is difficult to document in the home environment. Objectives To evaluate whether nocturnal wrist activities, defined as average acceleration in the early hours of sleep, were correlated with components of the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and various AD‐associated chemokine markers. Methods Patients with AD aged under 18 years were recruited and the severity of eczema was assessed with the SCORAD index. Concentrations of plasma AD‐associated chemokines [cutaneous T‐cell attracting cytokine (CTACK); macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC); thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)], interleukin (IL)‐18, serum total IgE, and eosinophil counts were measured in these patients. Healthy children with noninflammatory and nonitchy skin conditions as well as healthy children of staff volunteers were recruited as controls. All children were instructed to wear the DigiTrac monitor on their dominant wrist before sleeping. The monitor was programmed to record limb motion between 22·00 and 08·00 h the following morning. Results Twenty‐four Chinese children with AD (mean ± SD age 12·6 ± 3·7 years) and 15 normal children (mean ± SD age 11·9 ± 3·4 years) were recruited. The median (interquartile range) SCORAD was 54·8 (32·8–70·2). Plasma concentrations in pg mL−1 of CTACK, MDC, TARC and IL‐18 in the patients were 105 (92–172), 1648 (973–4214), 258 (100–850) and 415 (304–539), respectively. When compared with controls, most wrist activities occurred at frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. These activities were most consistent over the first 3 h of sleeping and correlated significantly with disease severity, extent, intensity, and AD‐associated chemokine markers CTACK, MDC and TARC. However, there was no significant correlation between wrist activities and the subjective symptom of pruritus or sleep loss. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that wrist activities, nonintrusively measured by the DigiTrac monitor at home, are closely correlated with the objective clinical scores and levels of peripheral blood chemokine markers for AD but not with the reported symptoms of pruritus or sleep loss. We propose that wrist activities between 1 and 3 Hz for the first 3 h are a good indicator of AD severity in children and should substitute for the pruritus and sleep‐loss components of the SCORAD.
The profit problem in antibiotic R&amp;D
Authors: Carl Nathan, Frederick M. Goldberg
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2005)

Economists, a biomedical researcher and a business executive have formulated three contrasting proposals to address the shortfall in antibiotic R&D. Their proposals, which emphasize advance purchase contracts, not-for-profit research, and tax incentives, respectively, share some features with provisions in bills pending before the US Congress that could potentially reshape the R&D landscape for this essential class of drugs.
Insomnia
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2003)

InsomniaI nsomnia (trouble falling asleep or staying asleep) is a common problem.It can cause daytime tiredness and sleepiness and difficulty paying attention at school or being alert at work.Insomnia can begin at an early age and affects people of all ages.Insomnia can be transient (short-term) and related to a specific condition like stress or travel, or it can be a chronic (long-term) problem that persists for many months and may be caused by another medical problem.The May 21, 2003, issue of JAMA includes an article about insomnia, its causes, and its treatments.