tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tetanus immunisation state in a general practice population.
Authors: A. M. Dixon, J. A. Bibby
Journal: BMJ (1988)

An immunization study that surveyed a limited area of participants found that most of the adult population is poorly immunized against tetanus. Among the adult population, women between the ages of 30-60 were the most poorly immunized. The participants were given a questionnaire that assessed the 3 main opportunities for receiving immunization: while in the armed services, in infancy, or by following a course that included 3 tetanus injections. Of the 543 participants who responded, only 69 (13%) had followed a primary course ensued by a booster in the past 5 years. Of the 412 who had not received proper immunization, only 177 planned to make an appointment for a tetanus injection. One month later, only 37 had followed up on the appointment. Future efforts aimed at improving the percentage of immunization should focus on target groups such as older women. It is a plausible method of immunization coverage to review the tetanus immunization record along with cervical smears every 5 years and offering an immunization for this target group.
House Staff and the National Labor Relations Act
Authors: Ralph M. Stanifer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE CONGRESS of the United States has failed to pass legislation that would accord physicians-intraining (by convention called residents, house officers, or house staff) a status comparable to that of other hospital personnel. Such a designation of residents as employees is controversial since it is contrary to a 1976 ruling by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which stated that residents are to be considered students for the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act. During the proceedings of the 95th Congress, Representative Frank Thompson (Democrat, NJ) introduced and sponsored House Bill 2222, which would have amended the National Labor Relations Act to include residents. Because of a busy congressional schedule, House Bill 2222 did not receive final action. I believe it is extremely important to inform physicians about the importance of this legislative issue. Today, more than 80% of the financial support for graduate medical education is derived from
Observations on a Method of Prophylaxis, and an Investigation into the Nature of the Contagium of Scarlet Fever
Authors: W. A. Jamieson, A. Edington
Journal: BMJ (1887)

IT is admitted that scarlet fever is little if at all communicable, in its early stages, from the sick to the sound.On this first principle rests the advanltage of prompt isolation, since a fair chance is thereby afforded of arresting the further extension of the disease from this its primary source.It is equally agreed that the flAkes of skin cast off during desquairnation contain the active contagium, and these, if inhaled or swallowed, reproduce scarlet fever in those unprotected by their having already passed through the ailment.Dr. Jamieson has endeavoured to prove that, without separation, it was possible to prevent scarlet fever s-reading from one member of a family to others of the sami'e who hba J lad it, even though in close contact with him, or occupying co; ;1 -sly the same apartment with him.The two sources of infection are probably the exhalations from the&mouth and throat in the early stage, certainly the particles of dry cuticle cast off in the later.The method recommended was to disinfect the throat by painting it frequently with a strong solution of boracic acid in glycerine (a saturated solution of boroglyceride in glycerine).In
US Graduate Medical Education, 2004-2005
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton, Paul H. Rockey, Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Over the last decade, the primary care specialties have experienced an ebb and flow in popularity. A description of the future primary care workforce may inform planning for the health care needs of our population.To describe characteristics of physicians training in primary care specialties over the past 9 years and to monitor trends in the characteristics of the entire residency population.Descriptive survey study of the National GME Census, conducted by the American Medical Association and Association of American Medical Colleges, which jointly surveyed 8246 allopathic graduate medical education (GME) programs during the academic year 2004-2005 about active, transferred, and graduated residents, as well as about program characteristics. Program directors confirmed the status of 97.3% of active residents. The accompanying program survey was completed by 7163 (87%) of the program directors.General trends in the numbers and characteristics of all residents, fellows, and training programs, with specific trends for residents and fellows training in the primary care specialties and subspecialties over the past 9 years.The census counted 101 291 physicians-in-training during the 2004-2005 academic year, the largest number ever recorded by this survey. The number of osteopathic medical school graduates (DOs) in allopathic GME decreased from 5838 in 2003-2004 to 5675, following many years of annual increases. The number of residents in primary care specialties reached a peak in the mid 1990s. The number of family medicine residents who are graduates of US allopathic medical schools (USMDs) has fallen from 8232 (77.6%) in 1998-1999 to 4848 (51.7%) in 2004-2005. The number of primary care residents who are graduates of foreign medical schools and US citizens (USIMGs) nearly doubled between 1995-1996 (n = 1768) and 2004-2005 (n = 3304). The number of USIMGs training in internal medicine or pediatrics subspecialties increased by 45.7% between 1995-1996 (n = 622) and 2004-2005 (n = 906). The number of pediatric subspecialty fellows grew 55.7%, mostly because of the near doubling of USMDs, from 813 to 1617. More than half of primary care residents are women (52.5%). All primary care specialties and subspecialties experienced gains in the proportion of female residents, with the greatest in obstetrics/gynecology, which increased by 28.7% (57.9% in 1995-1996 vs 74.5% in 2004-2005).An increasing proportion of physicians are pursuing subspecialty training, while the number in primary care specialties has leveled off. Trends in GME suggest that the primary care medical workforce of the future will include more women, more IMGs, and more DOs.
The Prevention of Syphilis.
Authors: Wm. T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Chicago, May 24, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The crusade for popular education against tuberculosis suggests the reminder that another endemic infection, syphilis, could be eradicated far more quickly, surely and easily than can tuberculosis. While the proportion of our adult population already syphilized is indeterminate—being variously estimated at 5 to 15 per cent.—yet the rapid increase of this proportion is universally admitted; and we are just beginning to appreciate the extent and variety of the ravages of remote syphilis in the internal organs. This disease can be restricted, not by licensing prostitutes— already proven a failure in Europe—nor by educating youth to chastity, for this laudable effort is proved impotent against the polygamous instinct of the mammalian male; but by making the acquisition of syphilis by the male practically impossible through circumcision. It is notorious that Jews furnish relatively few cases of syphilis; that this immunity is not due to
Proceedings of Seminar Available
Authors: HOWARD M. HOCHBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Proceedings of Seminar AvailableHOWARD M. HOCHBERG, M.D.HOWARD M. HOCHBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-311_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The second half of the proceedings of a seminar, Computers in Cardiovascular Disease, sponsored by the American College of Cardiology and held 1 May 1970 in Washington, D.C., is available in the form of the booklet (an edited transcript), Computer Monitoring in Patient Care and Computers in Cardiovascular Research. The first volume, Computers in the Service of Clinical Medicine, is still available.Both volumes have been published as a public service by Roche Medical Electronics Division and are available free of charge from my office.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Biomedical Research Roche Medical Electronics Division Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Cranbury, NJ. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 311-311KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesComputersPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
455. Genetically Engineered Adult Stem Cells and Hybrid Scaffolds as a Platform for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration
Authors: Nadav Kimelman, Rod J. Oskouian, Yoram Zilberman, Gadi Pelled, Zulma Gazit, Dan Gazit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Current therapeutic solutions for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration include prosthetic implants, which fail in the long term. Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), progenitor cells that give rise to chondroblasts, tenocytes, and osteoblasts, are excellent candidates for tissue engineering of skeletal tissues. We have previously shown that MSCs overexpressing the Brachyury or the Smad8/BMP_2 genes induced cartilage and tendon formation respectively. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetically engineered MSCs combined with a hybrid of polymeric scaffolds could be used to replace a degenerative IVD. A hybrid of fibrin gel and a filamentous Poly Lactide_Glycolide acid (PLGA) scaffold were molded into the shape of a rat IVD (1a). 1X106 MSCs over expressing the Brachyury transcription factor were suspended in the fibrin gel, forming the center part of the construct. 3X106 MSCs expressing the Smad8/BMP_2 genes were seeded on the PLGA, forming the outer ring of the construct. Grafts were implanted subcutaneously in C3H/HeN mice or used to replace caudal discs of Nude rats. The cells were also labeled with Luciferase or GFP gene, which enabled non_ invasive monitoring of cell survival using the Roper Chemiluminescence1s Imaging System, or minimally invasively using the Fibered confocal microscopy system (CellVisio). MRI was utilized to compare the engineered disc water content to a native one. Grafts were harvested after three weeks, fixed in 4% formalin and paraffin/plastic embedded. Histological sections were subjected to immunohistology against Collagen I, II, and VI. Our results indicated that an IVD_like tissue was formed subcutaneously and in the IVD space. Smad8/BMP_2 expressing MSCs formed an annulus fibrosus (AF)_like tissue in the outer portion of the graft (1b). MSCs expressing the Brachyury gene gave raise to cartilaginous nucleus pulposus (NP)_like tissue in the center of the construct, positively stained against Collagen II and VI (1c). The cells survived at least two weeks post implantation as was demonstrated by the bioluminescence and the high_resolution fluorescence imaging systems (1d_e). MRI analysis indicated that similar water content was present in the engineered IVD compared to adjacent intact controls. This is the first report demonstrating the use of genetically engineered MSCs for IVD tissue engineering. We conclude, that engineered biological disc composed of genetically engineered MSCs seeded on an IVD_shaped hybrid biodegradable scaffolds can serve as a platform for IVD regeneration.
Physician Stewardship of Health Care in an Era of Finite Resources
Authors: David B. Reuben, Christine K. Cassel
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Staphylococcus Aureus Infections.
Authors: Robert I. Wise
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Staphylococcus Aureus Infections.Robert I. WiseRobert I. WiseSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-808_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe problem of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections continues to be a serious one. The answers to many questions about the spread of these bacteria to surgical patients, new born infants, and as a cause of skin infections of hospital personnel remains vague and confused. There is evidence, however, to incriminate the hands as important vehicle of spread from person to person. We may consider nasal carriers among personnel as the victims of their environment instead of the cause of the problem of staphylococcal infections in the hospital. The pool of infected patients in a hospital serves as a constant source of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 808-808KeywordsBacteriaInfantsSkin infectionsStaphylococcal infection Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Replication of Autogenous Tumor Cells "in Vivo": Relation to Chemotherapy.
Authors: Joseph Post
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Replication of Autogenous Tumor Cells "in Vivo": Relation to Chemotherapy.Joseph Post, M.D., F.A.C.P., Joseph Hoffman, M.D.Joseph Post, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph Hoffman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1177_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTumor chemotherapy is predicated upon the selective destruction of tumor cells in relation to normal cells. Clinical experience has shown that normal bone marrow and intestinal cells usually are destroyed whether or not tumor cells are altered.Studies to be reported are of the cells of three experimentally-induced rat tumors—hepatoma, breast tumor, and sarcoma of connective tissue. These have shown replication and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis times three to four times slower than those of their respective coexistent ileal epithelium. Further, at a given time, many more ileal cells are replicating than are tumor cells.Accordingly, if the rat be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1177-1177KeywordsBone marrowBreast cancerCellsChemotherapyConnective tissueDNA synthesisEpitheliumSarcoma Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
X-Y linkage and schizophrenia.
Authors: T. J. Crow
Journal: BMJ (1992)

his textbook on the treatment of alcoholism to 'ether inebriety" and a further nine pages to "chloroform inebriety."He gave his detailed views on the geographical and social spread of abuse of ether between 1842 and the legislative restrictions of 1909.He, too, believed that "another remedy
1242 LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH TELAPREVIR: EVALUATION OF PERSISTENCE OF RESISTANT VARIANTS BY ULTRA-DEEP SEQUENCING
Authors: X.V. Thomas, J. de Bruijne, T.L. Kieffer, J.C. Sullivan, S.P. Rebers, M. de Vries, H.W. Reesink, C.J. Weegink, R. Molenkamp, J. Schinkel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-substituted berberine derivatives as novel anti-mycobacterial agents
Authors: Yanxiang Wang, Haigen Fu, Yinghong Li, Jiandong Jiang, Danqing Song
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease which kills two million people every year and infects over one-third of the world′s population. Eighteen new 8-substituted berberine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-mycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strain H37Rv. Among these compounds, compound 6i was the most effective antitubercular agent with an MIC of 1.0 μg/mL. Most importantly, compound 6i also exhibited a potent effect against clinically isolated rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, suggesting a different mode of action from the current drugs. Therefore, it shows potential for the development of new anti-TB agents.
Correlation of function and morphology of neonatal rat and embryonic chick cultured cardiac and vascular muscle cells.
Authors: W J Marvin, R B Robinson, K Hermsmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

To develop morphological criteria which can be applied systematically for the identification of isolated cardiac and vascular muscle cells in mammalian and avian primary cultures, we have correlated structural and staining properties with excitability, contraction, and norepinephrine sensitivity of isolated muscle cells. The primary cultures of cardiac and vascular muscle contained muscle cells and nonmuscle cells. The muscle cells could be clearly identified by action potentials, contractility, and Masson's trichrome stain characteristics, similar to those of cells from intact source heart and blood vessels. Furthermore, the muscle cells were highly responsive to norepinephrine, showing unequivocal increases in contraction frequency. The sensitivity to norepinephrine was found to be very high (ED50 = 2.3 X 10(-9) M) Phase-contrast observation was sufficient to identify muscle cells only when those cells were contracting. There were no unequivocal morphological characteristics that distinguished between quiescent muscle cells and nonmuscle cells in the absence of histochemical staining. Ultrastructural examination by scanning electron microscopy failed to distinguish between muscle and nonmuscle cells. Histological staining was, therefore, the only reliable nonfunctional identification process that separated muscle cells from nonmuscle cells. Primary cultures, containing nonmuscle as well as muscle cells, are an important experimental preparation because the cellular heterogeneity probably minimizes muscle cell loss of function and phenotypic changes. The correlation we have established between cell staining and function will facilitate exploration of single cell properties, which together constitute hearts and blood vessels.
Molecular Population Genetics of Inducible Antibacterial Peptide Genes in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: B. P. Lazzaro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Insects respond to septic infection in part by producing a suite of antimicrobial peptides that may be subject to host-pathogen coevolutionary dynamics. In order to infer population genetic forces acting on Drosophila antibacterial peptide genes, we examine global properties of polymorphism and divergence in the Drosophila melanogasterdefensin, drosocin, metchnikowin, attacin C, diptericin A, and cecropin A, B, and C genes. As a functional class, antibacterial peptides exhibit low levels of interspecific amino acid divergence. There are multiple amino acid polymorphisms segregating within D. melanogaster, however, a high proportion of which change the charge or polarity of the variable residue. These polymorphisms are particularly prevalent in processed signal and propeptide domains. We find that models of coevolutionary “arms races” and selectively maintained hypervariability do not adequately describe the population dynamics of mature antibacterial peptides in D. melanogaster, but that a highly significant excess of high-frequency derived polymorphisms coupled with substantial intralocus linkage disequilibrium suggests that positive selection may act on antibacterial peptide genes. Some attributes of the data may be consistent with a simple demographic model of population founding followed by expansion, but departures from the equilibrium null tend to be more pronounced in the peptide genes than at other loci around the genome.
Psychiatric Drugs: Hazards to the Brain
Authors: Julia Bess Frank
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The central thesis of this polemical exposure of psychopharmacology is that the seeming illnesses of psychiatric patients are only manifestations of a social breakdown syndrome, and that treatment is a thinly disguised effort on the part of psychiatrists to bring patients under control by disrupting brain function and disabling their minds. In support of this radical point of view, Dr Breggin extensively reviews the toxicity of various psychotropic drugs and argues that whatever claims are made for the specific efficacy of one or the other agent, their main effect is to sedate and confuse patients so that they become tractable either in institutions or in frustrating, deprived home or community settings. The strongest part of Breggin's argument, and the one to which he devotes most of the book, is his review of the effects of the phenothiazines. He believes that they produce a chemical lobotomy and suggests that there may
Abstract P2-06-06: Integrating multiple molecular profiles with pathways to learn sub-type specific interactions with PARADIGM
Authors: AJ Sedgewick, CJ Vaske, SC Benz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract High-dimensional omics profiling provides a detailed molecular view of individual breast cancers. We extended the Paradigm algorithm, a pathway analysis method for combining multiple omics data types with curated interactions on 7132 genes, to learn the strength and direction of curated interactions. Using only a single dataset, the 568 samples from the TCGA breast cancer cohort, we found strong high-throughput support for the majority of curated interactions. Gene set enrichment found that targets of the strongest interactions were significantly enriched for apoptosis and cell morphogenesis, and that strong regulators were significantly associated with phosphorylation. Within the TCGA breast cancer cohort the interactions some of the strongest support centered around ER alpha, IL23, GREB1, AKT1, and p53. We also assessed different strength between breast cancer subtypes, and found interactions associated with the MYC pathway and the ER alpha network to be among the most differential between basal and luminal A subtypes. Finally, we extended the method to assess the contextual dependence of interactions and found significant correlation between FOXM1 and JUN in regulation of CDK1. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-06.