tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk for Heart Valve Disease Associated With Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: S. Zuily, V. Regnault, C. Selton-Suty, V. Eschwège, J.-F. Bruntz, E. Bode-Dotto, E. De Maistre, P. Dotto, C. Perret-Guillaume, T. Lecompte, D. Wahl
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Heart valve disease (HVD) is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is controversial. Thus, our objective was to estimate the risk of HVD, including Libman-Sacks endocarditis, associated with aPL in patients with SLE.Studies were selected if they investigated the association between aPL and HVD in SLE patients and if aPL-negative patients were included for comparison. Data sources were MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, hand search, contact with investigators, and reference lists of studies, without language restrictions. Data on study and patient characteristics, risk estimates, and study quality were independently extracted by 2 investigators. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using the DerSimonian-Laird method. Of 234 identified abstracts, 23 primary studies (15 cross-sectional, 7 cohort, 1 case-control) met inclusion criteria, including 1656 SLE patients and 508 cases of HVD. Compared with SLE patients without aPL (n=988), the overall pooled odds ratios for HVD and Libman-Sacks endocarditis in aPL-positive patients (n=668) were 3.13 (95% confidence interval, 2.31 to 4.24) and 3.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.93 to 6.38), respectively. The risk of HVD depending on aPL subtypes was the highest for lupus anticoagulant at 5.88 (95% confidence interval, 2.92 to 11.84) and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies at 5.63 (95% confidence interval, 3.53 to 8.97).Overall, the presence of aPL in SLE patients is significantly associated with an increased risk for HVD including Libman-Sacks endocarditis. The risk conferred by IgG anticardiolipin antibodies is as strong as by lupus anticoagulant. Systematic echocardiographic examinations in SLE patients with aPL should be performed.
Acute, Fatal Hepatic Failure Presenting with Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: LEO R. ZACHARSKI, EDWARD M. LITIN, DONALD W. MULDER, JAMES C. CAIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Mental disturbances are a common con-comitant of liver disease and are usually superimposed on gross evidence of liver failure. The authors describe two patients who had rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal liver disease but initially manifested only psychiatric symptoms. In neither was there any suggestion of liver disease in the history or in the clinical data until shortly before death.
Detection of natural killer T cells in the sinus mucosa from asthmatics with chronic sinusitis
Authors: H. Yamamoto, Y. Okamoto, S. Horiguchi, N. Kunii, S. Yonekura, T. Nakayama
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Chronic sinusitis (CS) with asthma generally exhibits a high degree of sinus tissue eosinophilia and recurrence often occurs even after surgical therapy. However, the cause has not yet been fully clarified.To elucidate the pathogenesis of this refractory disease, we examined the infiltration of natural killer T (NKT) and type 1 helper T (Th1)/type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, and the cytokine expression in the sinus mucosa.Sinus mucosal specimens were obtained surgically from 16 CS patients with nasal polyps. The NKT cells, Th1/Th2 cells and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-gamma were examined by a polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry. Nasal mucosal specimens from six other patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) were examined in a similar manner.The NKT cells were detected to varying degrees in the sinus mucosa from asthmatic CS patients, but neither in the nonasthmatics nor in the nasal mucosa from the patients with AR. The Th2 cells and Th2 cytokines were expressed at significantly higher levels in the sinus mucosa from the CS patients with asthma in comparison to those without asthma. However, the Th1 cell infiltration and IFN-gamma expression were not different between these groups.Natural killer T cells may, therefore, play important roles in the enhanced Th2 cytokine expression and increased infiltration of Th2 cells and eosinophils observed in the sinus mucosa from asthmatic CS patients through MHC-independent mechanisms.
THEORIES OF THE TRANSMISSION OF HEREDITARY SYPHILIS.
Authors: ALFRED SCHALEK
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The fact of the heredity of syphilis was known to Paracelsus, who, in the year 1560, asserted that this disease was due to some unknown virus circulating in the blood, which also infests the semen and during conception is transmitted with it to the fetus. Still, at the present time, we are not able to recognize positive laws as to the methods and conditions of the transmission of hereditary syphilis, and must fall back on theories based entirely on empirical conclusions. Until the specific micro-organism of syphilis is demonstrated scientifically and beyond doubt, these theories will never be more than probabilities—the more so as we find ourselves heavily handicapped in the attempt to make use of our clinical material. The protean nature of syphilis, where we might say that exceptions form the rule, the necessity to observe cases over periods of many years and finally our dependence
Familial Hyperglycemia Due to Mutations in Glucokinase -- Definition of a Subtype of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Philippe Froguel, Habib Zouali, Nathalie Vionnet, Gilberto Velho, Martine Vaxillaire, Fang Sun, Suzanne Lesage, Markus Stoffel, Jun Takeda, Philippe Passa, M. Alan Permutt, Jacques S. Beckmann, Graeme I. Bell, Daniel Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, a form of NIDDM with an early age of onset and autosomal dominant inheritance, can result from mutations in glucokinase, a key enzyme of glucose metabolism in beta cells and the liver. We studied 32 French families with maturity-onset diabetes of the young as well as 21 families with late-onset NIDDM to determine the frequency and clinical features of mutations of glucokinase. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations and oral glucose-tolerance tests were used to determine metabolic status. DNA was isolated from lymphocytes, and DNA polymorphisms in the glucokinase gene were tested for linkage with diabetes. Individual exons of the glucokinase gene from one affected member in each family were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and screened for mutations by analysis of the conformation-dependent polymorphisms of single-stranded DNA and by DNA sequencing.
On the Experience of Nearly Dying
Authors: R. C. A. HUNTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A patient with an hysterical personality unexpectedly encountered a sudden, relatively painless threat to life. As the patient was in psychoanalytic treatment, circumstances permitted the early collection of her fantasies and remembered experiences and some associations to these. The opportunity to make such observations seems rare. A momentary but strong fear was replaced by a joyous affect in association with the review phenomenon in which negation and regression were apparent. If we differentiate between the experience of dying and death as a state, it seems that the latter has many idiosyncratic or personal meanings to as many people, but that the process of suddenly, unexpectedly, and painlessly dying may move through certain crudely definable and predictable stages, even though they bear perhaps the stamp of established personality patterns and contemporary conflicts. When the patient began to respond to resuscitation, she did not want to awaken and was enjoying a markedly wish-fulfilling "dream" or hypnapompic hallucination which was idiosyncratically appropriate to her affective response to her life situation and took into account the sudden threat to her life.
Abstract 3618: Rapid and quantitative lateral flow point-of-care Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) assays for LH and FSH
Authors: Larn Hwang, Chao Hsiao, Kouros Motamed, Vuong Trieu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Hormone manipulation therapies, such as long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, are used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent forms of breast cancer, as well as prostate cancer, because down-regulation of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) leads to a decline in hormonal support to the ovary and testis. Effectiveness of hormone manipulation therapies can be monitored by quantitation of LH and/or FSH. Methods &amp; Results: Traditionally, these hormones are measured by ELISA assays that require blood to be drawn at either a doctor's office or a diagnostic laboratory. Here, we describe the development of rapid point-of-care tests for detection of these hormones that are quantitative and applicable to plasma, serum, as well as urine. These assays exhibit dynamic ranges of 17-170 mIU/ml for LH and 0.01-10 IU/ml for FSH. They exhibit linear correlation between nominal and actual values, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.95. They comply with FDA guidance for bioanalytical assays. And they utilize cassettes that are read using an optical reader with radio-frequency identification (RFID) capability, and the data can be printed out or stored on the reader for uploading onto the hospital database. The reader utilizes confocal optics with a low distance-to-target ratio. The reflectometric measurement is converted to activity units, using an established calibration curve embedded in the RFID. The cassettes are made to be stable for up to 72 hours and can be shipped to a central lab or doctor's office for quantitation if the patient does not have access to the reader. Conclusion: Rapid and quantitative point-of-care tests (POCTs) for LH and FSH have been developed for field deployment directly at home, and the cassettes can be read directly by the patient or can be shipped to the central lab/doctor's office for reading. As TDM, these tests should allow for more effective dosing of the patients and thereby improving effectiveness of hormone manipulation therapy. The tests are also patient-centric, inviting better compliance and patient participation in personalizing his/her treatment. The simplicity of the assays would allow for their deployment in underdeveloped regions lacking access to central laboratories with specialized and expensive equipments. Clinical studies are ongoing to evaluate the usefulness of these assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3618. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3618
Mutagenicity in emissions from coal- and oil-fired boilers.
Authors: I Alfheim, J G Bergström, D Jenssen, M Møller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The mutagenicity of emission samples from three oil-fired and four coal-fired boilers have been compared by using the Salmonella/microsome assay. Very little or no mutagenic activity was observed in samples from five of these boilers. The sample from one oil-fired boiler showed mutagenic activity of about 500 revertants/MJ, and the sample from a coal-fired fluidized bed combustor had an activity of 58,000 revertants/MJ measured with strain TA 98 in the absence of metabolic activation. All samples contained substances that were cytotoxic to the test bacteria, thus making it difficult to obtain linear dose-response curves. Mutagenic activity at low levels may remain undetected due to this toxicity of the samples. Samples with mutagenic activity below the detection limit in the Salmonella test have also been tested for forward mutations at the HGPRT locus in V79 hamster cells. Weak mutagenic effects were detected in two of the samples, whereas the sample from one oil-fired boiler remained negative. In this test, as well as in the Salmonella test, a strong cytotoxic effect could be observed with all samples.
THE BACTERIAL INDUCTION OF HOMOGRAFT SENSITIVITY
Authors: Randolph M. Chase, Felix T. Rapaport
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Heat-killed Group A hemolytic streptococci can induce in guinea pigs a state of altered reactivity to skin homografts which is indistinguishable from that which results from sensitization with homologous tissues. Challenge of suitably prepared recipients with first-set skin homografts obtained from unrelated randomly selected donors elicits white graft reactions or accelerated rejection of such grafts. The gross and histologic appearance of these grafts is identical with that observed in similar reactions obtained in guinea pigs sensitized with homologous tissues. The ability of Group A hemolytic streptococci to induce homograft sensitivity in the guinea pig is a property shared by Types 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, and 49 of Group A streptococci.
Sextapolar catheter electrode for temporary sequential atrioventricular pacing
Authors: A. CASTELLANOS, B. V. BERKOVITS, C. A. CASTILLO, B. BEFELER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

A sextapolar catheter electrode for temporary sequential atrioventricular pacing on demand was used in 17 patients. Stimulation was performed as desired provided that the catheter tip was properly placed in the right ventricular apex. This catheter will permit wider use of this modality of pacing in those patients who might benefit from it.
Early Ambulation Without Adequate Supervision
Authors: Michael Scott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Early ambulation has been widely accepted as a means of preventing postoperative complications and improving the patient's morale. However, this procedure can be difficult for some patients without proper supervision by a physician or nurse.  Although the patient's first ambulation is a routine procedure to the physician, to the patient it is an important milestone in recovery, and he approaches it with mixed feelings, trepidation, and a warmly emotional hope of accomplishment.  A physician will frequently order his patient out of bed, thinking only of the surgical aspects of his case, without remembering that the rapid elevation of some patients from a supine to a sitting position with or without ambulation often results in lightheadedness, giddiness, vertigo, and occasionally nausea and fainting. Only too frequently we blithely order the patient out of bed and walk away. The patient is rapidly cranked up to the sitting position, dumped into a chair, and left
Therapeutic Trial of Azacyclonol
Authors: S. Gray, A. D. Forrest
Journal: BMJ (1958)

UNEXPLAINED" HIGH E.S.R. hour; haemoglobin, 12.9 g. per 100 ml.; W.B.C., 6,000 (normal differential); urine normal, no albumin or Bence Jones protein, no L.E. cells; W.R. negative; A.S.T., 75; D.A.T., 1:2; total protein, 7.3 g.% (albumin 4.1 g., globulin 3.2 g.); protein electro- phoresis normal; no cryoglobulins or other abnormal protein, apart from fibrinogen, which was 616 mg. per 100 ml.; acid and alkaline phosphatase, normal; blood urea, normal; x-ray film of lumbar spine normal; x-ray film of the sinuses showed some opacity of the right antrum.He has been reviewed by Dr. Edwin Clark, who could find no neurological abnormality, and by Mr. Peter Martin, who could find no abnormality in the peripheral vessels.Over the past two years his symptoms have gradually subsided with reassurance and analgesics.The E.S.R. remains between 60 and 80 mm. in one hour, and he still has a high fibrinogen content of the blood.Here one of the rarer collagen disorders, such as polyarteritis nodosa, was considered but not established.
When is an immigrant not an immigrant?
Authors: R. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

diazepoxide is also reported to have caused non-urticarial reactions.8In most cases the abnormalities resolved after the offending agent was discontinued.However, rechallenge in some instances with the aetiological agent at a later date was rapidly followed by reappearance of the allergic reactions noted earlier.This brief review clearly establishes the fact that, although hypersensitivity reactions to diazepam and other benzodiazepines are rare, they are far from being undocumented.
Hepatitis C virus NS5A and core proteins induce oxidative stress-mediated calcium signalling alterations in hepatocytes
Authors: Natalia Dionisio, Maria V. Garcia-Mediavilla, Sonia Sanchez-Campos, Pedro L. Majano, Ignacio Benedicto, Juan A. Rosado, Gines M. Salido, Javier Gonzalez-Gallego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Robert Evan Owen Williams
Authors: D. I. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former director Public Health Laboratory Service (b 1916; q University College Hospital Medical School 1940; MD, FRCP, FRCPath), died 24 May 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Sir Robert Williams was a distinguished bacteriologist working in both public health and clinical medicine. After qualifying he joined the Emergency Medical Service Laboratory in Hemel Hempstead, where his skill in bacteriology was soon apparent and he was recruited to the Medical Research Council wound infection unit at the Birmingham Accident Hospital. In Birmingham and later at the Colindale Central Public Health Laboratory, he pioneered the use of phage typing in tracking individual infections. In 1960 he was appointed professor of bacteriology at St Mary's Hospital Medical School and director of the Wright Fleming Institute, and in 1973 he returned to Colindale as director of the Public Health Laboratory Service. Predeceased by his wife, Peggy, he leaves three children.
Normality: Theoretical and Clinical Concepts of Mental Health
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As Grinker points out in the introduction to this unusual book, the term "mental health" is widely used but rarely defined. The word "normal" has been used since the time of ancient Rome to mean "made according to the rule" or "conforming to the standard or common type." When, however, doctors, and especially psychiatrists, talk of normal controls, it is not always clear what they mean. Offer and Sabshin, while investigating normal adolescent behavior, became so concerned about the meaning of "normal" that they read widely in the relevant literature and wrote this book to report their findings. As the authors point out, in the field of general medicine recent years have seen a blurring of formerly clear-cut divisions between sickness and health. Physicians now study subclinical syndromes, investigate the factors which indicate proneness to disease, attempt to help patients function on an optimal level. They recognize a network of
Altruism is a primary impulse, not a discipline
Authors: George Ainslie, Nick Haslam
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Intertemporal bargaining theory based on the hyperbolic discounting of expected rewards accounts for how choosing in categories increases self-control, without postulating, as Rachlin does, the additional rewardingness of patterns per se. However, altruism does not seem to be based on self-control, but on the primary rewardingness of vicarious experience. We describe a mechanism that integrates vicarious experience with other goods of limited availability.
Assessment of left ventricular contractile state after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: K M Borow, F W Arensman, C Webb, R Radley-Smith, M H Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1984)

When compared with intra-atrial baffle repairs for D-transposition of the great arteries (TGA), anatomic correction offers the theoretic advantage that it results in the use of the left ventricle (LV) as the systemic ventricle. Although the long-term success of this procedure depends on the function of the LV, little is known regarding LV postoperative contractile state. The LV end-systolic pressure-dimension and wall stress-shortening (% delta D) relationships, sensitive indexes of contractility, were studied during methoxamine-induced increases in afterload in eight patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa and in four patients with TGA and associated lesions. The patients with TGA and intact ventricular septa underwent pulmonary artery banding when they were between the ages 0.1 and 1.1 years (mean 0.4) to prepare the LV for anatomic correction. Age at repair ranged from 0.3 to 1.8 years (mean 1.0) and that at study from 1.7 to 6.7 years (mean 3.3). The interval from correction to study was 0.4 to 4.8 years (mean 2.3). End-systolic pressure was estimated from a calibrated suprasternal notch tracing. End-systolic dimension, wall thickness, and % delta D were determined by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, and end-systolic wall stress was then calculated. Results were compared with previously reported normal values. The pressure-dimension and wall stress-% delta D relationships were normal in 10 of 12 TGA patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultrastructure of heart muscle.
Authors: J R Sommer, R A Waugh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The ultrastructure of cardiac muscle is described. In the course of the descriptions advantage has been taken of comparative anatomy, in order to elucidate the relationships between structure and function. Physiologic parameters are discussed in a comparative manner including information from skeletal muscles fibers that often provide a well-studied point of departure. The descriptions of the ultrastructure of cardiac muscle are illustrated by a few electron photomicrographs to give a general overview.
Automated low flow pump system for the treatment of refractory ascites: A multi-center safety and efficacy study
Authors: Pablo Bellot, Martin-Walter Welker, German Soriano, Markus von Schaewen, Beate Appenrodt, Reiner Wiest, Steven Whittaker, Radin Tzonev, Stoyan Handshiev, Chris Verslype, Christian Moench, Stefan Zeuzem, Tilman Sauerbruch, Carlos Guarner, Ekart Schott, Noel Johnson, Assen Petrov, Krum Katzarov, Frederik Nevens, Pedro Zapater, Jose Such
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
An aerosol formulation of R-salbutamol sulfate for pulmonary inhalation
Authors: Xuemei Zhang, Qing Liu, Junhua Hu, Ling Xu, Wen Tan
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

An aerosol formulation containing 7.5 mg of R-salbutamol sulfate was developed. The aerosol was nebulized with an air-jet nebulizer, and further assessed according to the new European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. A breath simulator was used for studies of delivery rate and total amount of the active ingredient at volume of 3 mL. A next generation impactor (NGI) with a cooler was used for analysis of the particle size and in vitro lung deposition rate of the active ingredient at 5 °C. The anti-asthmatic efficacy of the aerosol formulation was assessed in guinea pigs with asthma evoked by intravenous injection of histamine compared with racemic salbutamol. Our results show that this aerosol formulation of R-salbutamol sulfate met all the requirements of the new EMA guidelines for nebulizer. The efficacy of a half-dose of R-salbutamol equaled that of a normal dose of racemic salbutamol.
Rupture of the Spleen in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Earl A. O'Neill
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN A newborn infant who has signs of blood loss with laboratory confirmation and abdominal distention, the surgeon should suspect intraperitoneal hemorrhage from rupture of an abdominal viscus. As this treatise suggests, rupture of the spleen must be considered even though the more common source of bleeding would be caused from injury to the liver. In a study of 2,000 fetal and neonatal deaths, Potter<sup>1</sup>found that in 14.3% autopsy showed death was secondary to traumatic hemorrhage. In this group there were 28 lacerations of abdominal organs. In 24 of these visceral injuries the organ involved was the liver. Hemorrhage from the spleen was not mentioned in this series. Hemoperitoneum from splenic rupture in a newborn with an otherwise normal spleen is an extreme rarity. There are scattered instances of spleens rupturing secondary to erythroblastosis fetalis, syphilis, and leukemia, where, as in the adult with malaria or infectious mononucleosis,