tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SURGERY IN HOT WEATHER
Authors: Samuel Iglauer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I should like to offer the following hot weather suggestion: In one of the hospitals with which I am connected, the practice of applying an ice bag about the neck of the surgeon in the operating room has been found very practicable during the hot weather months. The ice bag should be covered with gauze or a towel to prevent any water of condensation from dropping into the field of operation. The operator is much more comfortable and perspires much less, and his face and neck require much less "mopping" than under ordinary circumstances.
880 ESTROGEN RECEPTOR β SELECTIVE AGONISTS EXERT ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY ON EXPERIMENTAL INTRA-HEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: M. Marzioni, S. Saccomanno, A. Torrice, C. Rychlicki, L. Agostinelli, P. Rhönnstad, L. Trozzi, T. Apelqvist, C. Candelaresi, G. Fava, A. Benedetti, E. Gaudio, E. Kallin, D. Alvaro, S. Nilsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
CONGENITAL OCCLUSION OF DUODENUM: EXCRETION RESEMBLING MECONIUM PASSED FOR EIGHTEEN DAYS
Authors: F. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1853)

Table IL It there appears in a note that three cases-No.11, vaccinated four months ago; No. 132, va- cinated two and a half years ago; and No. 214, vaccinated six yeas and four months ago-did not again become sen-
STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT AND THE MANPOWER SHORTAGE
Authors: MILTON GREENBLATT, DAVID KANTOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Briefly described is the student volunteer movement initiated 7 years ago by undergraduates of Harvard and Radcliffe, which has organized services to the mentally ill at the Metropolitan State Hospital in Massachusetts, by mobilizing 9 colleges and universities in the Boston area, and altogether over 2,000 students. Two major forms of activities are prosecuted: ward work and case aid. The former concerns a variety of services to patients on the ward essentially in groups in which volunteers act as quasi-recreational and occupational therapists. The latter concerns one-to-one relationships between volunteer and patient in which the volunteer functioning as quasi-social worker attempts to aid patient in transition from hospital to community. The movement is characterized by intense eagerness of students to get to know the problems faced by the patient and the hospital, high motivation to do something about these, and considerable creativity in working out solutions. An example of the latter is the recent establishment of a co-operative halfway house in which students live together with chronic patients selected for discharge and rehabilitation in the community. This unique enterprise appears to have therapeutic assets somewhat different from the conventional halfway house and deserves serious consideration as a transitional model for similar facilities elsewhere. Undergraduate volunteering appears to be an effective means of recruiting promising young people into the mental health field. It has definite possibilities for at least partial relief of the serious manpower shortage in our mental hospitals.
A Foundation for Hemochromatosis
Authors: M.A. KRIKKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1982A Foundation for HemochromatosisM.A. KRIKKER, M.D.M.A. KRIKKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-782_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: On 7 June 1982, The Hemochromatosis Research Foundation, Inc. was founded for the following purposes:1. To increase the awareness of the practicing physician that hereditary hemochromatosis is a disorder rarely diagnosed before clinically apparent (1). Hereditary hemochromatosis is distinguished from transfusional iron-overload resulting from the treatment of chronic hematologic disorders. Recent studies show that hereditary hemochromatosis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder (2, 3). The incidence of heterozygosity for the hemochromatosis allele in the white population is approximately 10%. The expected incidence of homozygosity is about 2 to 3 per 1000 (1-3), an estimate supported...References1. EDWARDSSKOLNICKKUSHNER CMJ. Hereditary hemochromatosis: contributions of genetic analyses. Prog Hematol. 1981;12:43-71. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SIMONBOURELGENETET MMB. Idiopathic hemochromatosis: demonstration of recessive transmission and early detection by family HLA typing. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:1017-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CARTWRIGHTEDWARDSKRAVITZ GCK. Hereditary hemochromatosis: phenotypic expression of the disease. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:175-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BEAUMONTSIMONFAUCHET CMR. Serum Ferritin as a possible marker of the hemochromatosis allele. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:169-79. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MACSWEENSCOTT RA. Hepatic cirrhosis: a clinico-pathological review of 520 cases. J Clin Pathol. 1973;26:936-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HALLIDAYPOWELL JL. Iron overload. Semin Hematol. 1982;19:42-53. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. FINCHFINCH SC. Idiopathic hemochromatosis, an iron storage disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 1955;34:381. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. WINTROBELEEBOGGS MGD. Clinical Hematology. 8th ed. Lea & Febiger; 1981: 667-76. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Hemochromatosis Research Foundation, Inc. Albany, NY 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLebergentherapie: Aktueller Stand und AusblickHFE codon 63/282 (H63D/C282Y) dimorphism in German patients with genetic hemochromatosisPhysical and genetic mapping of the telomeric major histocompatibility complex region in man and relevance to the primary hemochromatosis gene (HFE) 1 November 1982Volume 97, Issue 5Page: 782-782KeywordsAllelesAutosomal recessive diseasesHemochromatosisHeterozygosityHomozygosity Issue Published: 1 November 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of organochlorine contaminants on thyroid hormone levels in Arctic breeding glaucous gulls, Larus hyperboreus.
Authors: Jonathan Verreault, Janneche Utne Skaare, Bjørn Munro Jenssen, Geir Wing Gabrielsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Studies on glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) breeding in the Barents Sea have reported that high blood levels of halogenated organic contaminants in this species might cause reproductive, behavioral, and developmental stress. However, potential endocrine system modulation caused by contaminant exposure has yet not been reported in this Arctic apical predator. In this present study we aimed to investigate whether the current levels of a selection of organochlorines (OCs) were associated with altered circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs) in free-ranging adult glaucous gulls breeding at Bear Island in the Barents Sea. Blood concentrations of 14 polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxychlordane, and p,p' -dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p' -DDE) were quantified, in addition to free and total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), in plasma of 66 glaucous gulls in the spring of 2001. Negative correlations were found between plasma levels of T4 and T4:T3 ratio, and blood levels of OCs in male glaucous gulls. Despite their relatively low contribution to the total OC fraction, HCB and oxychlordane were the most prominent compounds in terms of their negative effect on the variation of the T4:T3 ratio. Moreover, lower T4 levels and T4:T3 ratios were measured in glaucous gulls breeding in a colony exposed to high levels of OCs, compared with a less exposed colony. Levels of T3 were elevated in the high-OC-exposed colony. This may indicate that the glaucous gull is susceptible to changes to TH homeostasis mediated by exposure to halogenated organic contaminants.
CELLULAR KINETICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACQUIRED CELLULAR RESISTANCE
Authors: Robert J. North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Mice infected with either BCG or Listeria monocytogenes display the same type of cellular response pattern. In both infections there is an intense proliferation of splenic lymphoid cells, a coincident proliferation of differentiated macrophages, and a subsequent production of macrophages with increased metabolic potential. The temporal relations between these events and the onset of host resistance indicate that lymphoid cell proliferation and macrophage proliferation are essential events in the response which leads to cellular resistance against facultative intracellular parasites.
Raymond Ivor John Williams
Authors: B. Orme
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Raymond Ivor John Williams (“Ray”), who died on 19 August 2009, aged 82, had been a dedicated singlehanded general practitioner in Bexleyheath, Kent, from 1962.

He was born on 4 December 1926 in Newport, Wales. He attended St Julian’s High School, Newport, where he became head boy, and from there went to Guy’s Hospital, …
OBESITY AND CALORIC BOOKKEEPING
Authors: Max A. Goldzieher
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The prevailing dominance of psychiatry and psychology over the whole field of medicine is bound to create certain one-sided attitudes. Thus the view is held that obesity is merely a question of overeating, emotionally conditioned and medicinally controlled only with negligible success. According to the recent editorial inThe Journal, July 9, page 1141, only 2% of treated patients "maintain a significant weight loss for as long as two years." Moreover, on page 1131, Dr. Modell's article estimates that in only 10% of all cases of obesity do genetic, glandular, or other causes play a role. The same paper calls the use of salt restriction or diuretics meaningless and senseless. These statements are in stark contrast to my experience with successfully treated patients during the past 30 years. It is a commonly ignored fact that not all obese people are hyperphagic; quite a few are euphagic or
Control of The Urethral Caruncle
Authors: Max A. Culp
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The purpose of this letter is to describe a method for the control of the urethral caruncle, not a cure for it. <h3>Pathology:</h3> The urethral caruncle usually appears as a fiery-red growth or tumor around the distal end of the female urethra or as a pedunculated form from the posterior margin. It is soft, spongy, frequently tender and covered with squamous or stratified epithelium. It may bleed easily to touch or manipulation. A most satisfactory pathologic classification is that of Kimmelstiel and McKay (<i>Bull Charlotte Mem Hosp</i>, Vol 1, June 1944). They describe two definite groups: (a) Granulomata occur on the floor of the urethra and are usually elevated and red, bleed easily, and are very sensitive. They have a predominance of inflammatory cells of a nonspecific nature. (b) Angiomata usually surround the urethra and are composed of engorged blood vessels which resemble hemorrhoids. These angioma contain
Human ovarian carcinoma–associated mesenchymal stem cells regulate cancer stem cells and tumorigenesis via altered BMP production
Authors: Karen McLean, Yusong Gong, Yunjung Choi, Ning Deng, Kun Yang, Shoumei Bai, Lourdes Cabrera, Evan Keller, Laurie McCauley, Kathleen R. Cho, Ronald J. Buckanovich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment; however, controversy exists regarding their role in solid tumors. In this study, we identified and confirmed the presence of carcinoma-associated MSCs (CA-MSCs) in the majority of human ovarian tumor samples that we analyzed. These CA-MSCs had a normal morphologic appearance, a normal karyotype, and were nontumorigenic. CA-MSCs were multipotent with capacity for differentiating into adipose, cartilage, and bone. When combined with tumor cells in vivo, CA-MSCs promoted tumor growth more effectively than did control MSCs. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that CA-MSCs promoted tumor growth by increasing the number of cancer stem cells. Although CA-MSCs expressed traditional MSCs markers, they had an expression profile distinct from that of MSCs from healthy individuals, including increased expression of BMP2, BMP4, and BMP6. Importantly, BMP2 treatment in vitro mimicked the effects of CA-MSCs on cancer stem cells, while inhibiting BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo partly abrogated MSC-promoted tumor growth. Taken together, our data suggest that MSCs in the ovarian tumor microenvironment have an expression profile that promotes tumorigenesis and that BMP inhibition may be an effective therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer.
Reduction in QT interval dispersion by successful thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. TEAM-2 Study Investigators.
Authors: F L Moreno, T Villanueva, L A Karagounis, J L Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND QT dispersion (QTd, equals maximal minus minimal QT interval) on a standard ECG has been shown to reflect regional variations in ventricular repolarization and is significantly greater in patients with than in those without arrhythmic events. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the effect of thrombolytic therapy on QTd, we studied 244 patients (196 men; mean age, 57 +/- 10 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were treated with streptokinase (n = 115) or anistreplase (n = 129) at an average of 2.6 hours after symptom onset. Angiograms at 2.4 +/- 1 hours after thrombolytic therapy showed reperfusion (TIMI grade &gt; or = 2) in 75% of patients. QT was measured in 10 +/- 2 leads at 9 +/- 5 days after AMI by using a computerized analysis program interfaced with a digitizer. QTd, QRSd, JT (QT minus QRS), and JT dispersion (JTd, equals maximal minus minimal JT interval) were calculated with a computer. There were significant differences in QTd (96 +/- 31, 88 +/- 25, 60 +/- 22, and 52 +/- 19 milliseconds; P &lt; or = .0001) and in JTd (97 +/- 32, 88 +/- 31, 63 +/- 23, and 58 +/- 21 milliseconds; P = .0001) but not in QRSd (25 +/- 10, 22 +/- 7, 28 +/- 9, and 24 +/- 9 milliseconds; P = .24) among perfusion grades 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Similar results were obtained comparing TIMI grades 0/1 with 2/3 and 0/1/2 with 3. Patients with left anterior descending (versus right and left circumflex) coronary artery occlusion showed significantly greater QTd (70 +/- 29 versus 59 +/- 27 milliseconds, P = .003) and JTd (74 +/- 30 versus 63 +/- 27 milliseconds, P = .004). Similarly, patients with anterior (versus inferior/lateral) AMI showed significantly greater QTd (69 +/- 30 versus 59 +/- 27 milliseconds, P = .006) and JTd (73 +/- 30 versus 63 +/- 27 milliseconds, P = .007). Results did not change when Bazett's QTc or JTc was substituted for QT or JT or when ANOVA included adjustments for age, sex, drug assignment, infarct site, infarct vessel, and number of measurable leads. On ANCOVA, the relation of QTd or JTd and perfusion grade was not influenced by heart rate. CONCLUSIONS Successful thrombolysis is associated with less QTd and JTd in post-AMI patients. The results are equally significant when either QT or JT is used for analysis. These data support the hypothesis that QTd after AMI depends on reperfusion status as well as infarct site and size. Reduction in QTd and its corresponding risk of ventricular arrhythmia may be mechanisms of benefit of thrombolytic therapy.
141. Adenovirus Vaccine to Ebola Virus: Mechanism of Protection and Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity to the Vaccine Carrier
Authors: Gary P. Kobinger, Heinz Feldmann, Yan Zhi, Gregory Schumer, Guangping Gao, Frederik Feldmann, Steven Jones, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

A number of viral pathogens could be used as agents for biological warfare or bioterrorism. The Zaire strain of Ebola virus, with mortality rate of up to 90%, often with death occurring in less than 20 days after infection, represents one of the most dangerous viral pathogen. The profile of Ebola virus infections that makes it such a dangerous pathogen also contributes to its utility as a potential agent of biological warfare. Development of an efficacious vaccine is thus considered a high priority in spite of the limited impact of Ebola virus on human morbidity and mortality world-wide. This study evaluated the use of human and simian-based adenovirus vaccines in mouse models of Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) infection. E1-deleted vaccine vectors expressing the envelope glycoprotein of ZEBOV were created from molecular clones of human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5) and chimpanzee adenovirus pan7 (AdC7). Both vaccines stimulated robust T and B cell responses to ZEBOV in na|[iuml]|ve mice after a single intramuscular administration, inducing complete protection to an otherwise lethal challenge of mouse-adapted ZEBOV. The use of different knockout mice revealed that protection against challenge at one month post-vaccination is mainly mediated by antibodies with likely involvement of NK and CD4+ T cells. Preliminary data suggest that the T-cell response plays an important role for protection of vaccinated mice early after immunization (e.g. day 10). Pre-existing immunity to AdHu5, which is found in a high percentage of humans, was generated in mice following pre-exposure to AdHu5 or administration of pooled human immune globulin. Pre-existing immunity to human adenoviruses severely compromised the efficacy of the human AdHu5 vaccine but not the simian AdC7 vaccine. These results highlight the impact of pre-existing immunity to the vaccine carrier and define protection mechanism of adenovirus vaccine vector to Ebola virus in mice.
Intracranial Surgery for Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: David M. Kaufman, Kamran Tabaddor
Journal: JAMA (1976)

During the previous five years, there were 133 cases of intracranial surgery for cerebral artery aneurysms. For patients with aneurysms in the anterior circulation and in good preoperative condition, the surgical morbidity was 28% and the mortality was 19%. A depressed sensorium preoperatively, an age of 50 years or above, and an interval of less than 15 days from rupture to surgery were associated with markedly increased mortality. The results of this series, which do not compare favorably with those from foreign referral centers, are partially the result of disproportionate numbers of patients in those poor-risk groups. The possible advantages of regionalization are, nevertheless, apparent. Further comparative studies should be conducted on an interinstitutional basis.
Organophosphate pesticides are being tested on students
Authors: R. Harling
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Inveresk research laboratory near Edinburgh has recruited students and unemployed men to take doses of azinphos-methyl, a potent organophosphate pesticide, in order to determine the dose at which side effects are observed. Two other organophosphate pesticides, aldicarb and dichlorvos, have already been tested on students at Inveresk and at Manchester University.

Organophosphates are highly toxic chemicals. Their best recognised effects are due to phosphorylation and inhibition of acetylcholine esterase, which has an impact on cholinergic transmission throughout the nervous system. Symptoms …
No-fault compensation systems
Authors: W. J Gaine
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In 1978 the Pearson Commission in the United Kingdom rejected a no-fault system in dealing with clinical negligence. While declaring the existing tort system as costly, cumbersome, prone to delay, and too capricious in its operation to be defensible, the commission rejected no-fault compensation on grounds of the difficulty in overhauling the tort liability system and the perceived difficulties in causation judgments.1 A general conservatism in the legal profession and opposition from the insurance industry were other factors. Much has changed in the NHS since then.

The long overdue white paper on the reform of the clinical negligence compensation system is much awaited. Reforms to be considered include fixed tariffs for specific injuries, no-fault compensation, alternative dispute resolution, structured payouts instead of large one-off lump sums, and alternative non-cash methods of compensation such as home nursing care.2 The current system is based on the law of tort, which requires the claimant to prove harm caused by a breech of the duty of care. The adversarial and blame orientated nature of this system is not conducive to the culture of openness required by clinical governance and the NHS Plan. Supporters of …
Combination Chemotherapy in Generalized Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: W. M. Nicholson, M. E. J. Beard, D. Crowther, A. G. Stansfeld, C. P. Vartan, J. S. Malpas, G. H. Fairley, R. B. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Fifty-two patients with generalized Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of mustine hydrochloride, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone. Complete remissions were obtained initially in six out of seven patients (86%) who had previously received no treatment, in 15 out of 19 (79%) who had had only radiotherapy in the past, and in 9 out of 26 (35%) who had previously been given chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Of these 30 patients in whom a complete remission was obtained 22 have been free of any symptoms or signs of disease for periods ranging from 4 to 22 months. The response to treatment was rapid, and toxicity was not a major problem, except in those who had previously been treated with cytotoxic drugs used continuously and not in courses. A comparative trial of radiotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of Stage III Hodgkin's disease is strongly recommended.
Does remifentanil shorten ventilator maintenance, midozolam prolong it, or both alter its duration?
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

Dear Sir: Rozendaal et al. [1] should not have concluded that the shortened ventilator weaning time associated with remifentanil use was because of the characteristics of this medication, without considering at least one other possible cause. Cortisol deficiency is present in 30–50% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in some series [2, 3], and in them has been associated with more than a doubling of weaning time [2] and striking increases in mortality [3]. Acute and prolonged administration of benzodiazepines strongly inhibits cortisol production [4], with a single injection of midazolam at a dose of 0.07 mg/kg sometimes prominently inhibiting cortisol formation for more than a week [5]. Multiple studies suggest that benzodiazepine-induced lowering of cortisol levels may be enhanced by concurrent use of opioids and propofol, but cortisol levels during the use of remifentanil and propofol have not been investigated.

In order to examine the possible effect of medications in each of their study arms on the duration of required mechanical ventilation, any cortisol levels measured in their patients, any administration of corticosteroid therapy to them, relationships between these values and the duration of mechanical ventilation, and withdrawal of patients from the study for any reason, including death, would help to clarify any contributions by remifentanil to the duration of ventilator support and other aspects of patient care.