tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IgA antibody response to klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis measured by immunoblotting.
Authors: F Shodjai-Moradi, A Ebringer, I Abuljadayel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

IgA antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae var oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis were measured in 66 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 31 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 51 healthy control subjects, using an immunoblotting technique. The number of antigenic bands to klebsiella on nitrocellulose membrane was higher in 28 patients with active AS than in 38 patients with inactive AS, 31 patients with RA, and 51 healthy control subjects; comparatively smaller increases were found against proteus. In two patients with AS the synovial fluid and the corresponding serum sample showed an identical antibody pattern. Increases in IgA antibodies to klebsiella in patients with AS confirm previous studies using other techniques.
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in human disease: A review of evidence by members of the Primary Immunodeficiency Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
Authors: J ORANGE, E HOSSNY, C WEILER, M BALLOW, M BERGER, F BONILLA, R BUCKLEY, J CHINEN, Y ELGAMAL, B MAZER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Inhibition of the Hedgehog Pathway in Advanced Basal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Daniel D. Von Hoff, Patricia M. LoRusso, Charles M. Rudin, Josina C. Reddy, Robert L. Yauch, Raoul Tibes, Glen J. Weiss, Mitesh J. Borad, Christine L. Hann, Julie R. Brahmer, Howard M. Mackey, Bertram L. Lum, Walter C. Darbonne, James C. Marsters, Frederic J. de Sauvage, Jennifer A. Low
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Mutations in hedgehog pathway genes, primarily genes encoding patched homologue 1 (PTCH1) and smoothened homologue (SMO), occur in basal-cell carcinoma. In a phase 1 clinical trial, we assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics of GDC-0449, a small-molecule inhibitor of SMO, and responses of metastatic or locally advanced basal-cell carcinoma to the drug.
Biliary lipids, bile acids, and gallbladder function in the human female. Effects of pregnancy and the ovulatory cycle.
Authors: F Kern, G T Everson, B DeMark, C McKinley, R Showalter, W Erfling, D Z Braverman, P Szczepanik-van Leeuwen, P D Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To study the events that might lead to an increased risk of cholesterol gallstones, we examined biliary lipid composition and secretion and bile acid composition and kinetics at different stages of pregnancy or ovulation in young, nonobese, healthy women. Lipid composition and bile acid distribution were determined in duodenal fluid obtained in the fasting state and after stimulation of the gallbladder. Biliary lipid secretion was measured by the marker-perfusion technique. Bile acid kinetics were determined with cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids labeled with carbon13, by measuring the relative abundance of 13C in duodenal bile acids for 4--5 d. In a subset of patients we measured gallbladder storage and emptying during the kinetic study. The phase of the ovulatory cycle had no effects, but there were significant changes during pregnancy. The lithogenic or cholesterol saturation index of fasting hepatic and gallbladder bile increased during the second and third trimesters. The mean secretion rate of biliary lipids was not altered, but in the last two-thirds of pregnancy, cholesterol secretion increased in relation to bile acid and phospholipid secretion. There was a progressive decrease in the percentage of chenodeoxycholic acid and a similar increase in the percentage of cholic acid. The pool size of each major bile acid increased in the first trimester. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid pools, but not cholic acid pools, subsequently decreased. The fractional turnover rate of both primary bile acids was slower during pregnancy. The synthesis rate of chenodeoxycholic but not cholic acid decreased in a linear manner during the first 20 wk of pregnancy. The rate of enterohepatic cycling of the bile acid pool was reduced throughout pregnancy. The volume of the fasting gallbladder and the residual volume after a physiologically stimulated contraction were directly correlated with bile acid pool size. The residual volume was also directly related to total bile acid synthesis.
Effects of asthma severity, exacerbations and oral corticosteroids on perinatal outcomes
Authors: Jennifer A. Namazy, Vanessa E. Murphy, Heather Powell, Peter G. Gibson, Christina Chambers, Michael Schatz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate whether asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity are associated with prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Cohort studies published between 1975 and March 11, 2012 were considered for inclusion. 138 publications were identified for possible inclusion, and nine papers met the inclusion criteria, by reporting perinatal outcomes of interest (low birth weight, <2500 g), pre-term birth (<37 weeks gestation unless otherwise stated) and small for gestational age (<10th percentile for gestational age and sex) in groups of asthmatic patients stratified by history of exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity. Maternal asthma exacerbations and oral corticosteroid use had a significant effect on outcomes, including low birth weight (RR 3.02, 95% CI 1.87-4.89 and RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.93, respectively) and pre-term delivery (RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.89-2.69 and RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15-1.98, respectively). Moderate-to-severe asthma during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15-1.35) and low birth weight (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) infants. These data suggest that asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity defined as moderate-to-severe may be associated with pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and small for gestational age infants. Further studies on the effect of maternal asthma control on perinatal outcomes are warranted.
Are Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes in Adults Explained by Differences in Obesity?
Authors: Thomas R. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To determine whether the higher prevalence of diabetes found among blacks in the United States is explained by racial differences in obesity, we examined the prevalence of diabetes adjusted for adiposity, education, and income in a cohort of US Army veterans from the Vietnam era. Among 12 558 white men and 1677 black men, aged 30 to 47 years, blacks were more likely than whites to have diagnosed diabetes (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.7). Within every age, adiposity, and socioeconomic stratum, blacks had a higher prevalence of diagnosed diabetes than whites. In a subgroup of veterans for whom fasting serum glucose values were measured, blacks were more likely than whites to have fasting hyperglycemia (fasting serum glucose value≥7.8 mmol/L) (adjusted prevalence ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 12.0). These data provide evidence that the higher prevalence of diabetes found among blacks is not explained by differences in obesity. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1485-1488)
Laparoscopic Nerve- and Seminal-Sparing Cystectomy with Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder: The First Three Cases
Authors: Giorgio Guazzoni, Andrea Cestari, Renzo Colombo, Massimo Lazzeri, Francesco Montorsi, Luciano Nava, Andrea Losa, Patrizio Rigatti
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Low Synthesis and High Absorption of Cholesterol Characterize Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tatu A. Miettinen, Helena Gylling, Juha Tuominen, Piia Simonen, Veikko Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in experimental animals inhibits cholesterol synthesis and increases cholesterol absorption. In contrast to human type 2 diabetes, virtually no information is available on cholesterol synthesis and absorption in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied the variables of cholesterol metabolism in 27 patients with type 1 diabetes and in 10 patients with type 2 diabetes matched for body weight, using cholesterol precursor sterol ratios to cholesterol as surrogate markers of synthesis, and those of cholestanol and plant sterols of cholesterol absorption. Glucose control was good in all subjects. RESULTS—Total and HDL cholesterol and LDL triglycerides were higher in type 2 than in type 1 diabetes. Serum sterols, measured also in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and HDL, were transported up to &amp;gt;90% by LDL and HDL in type 1 diabetes. The ratios of all absorption sterols in serum and in each lipoprotein were higher, and those of the synthesis markers, especially cholestenol and lathosterol, were lower in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—In contrast to type 2 diabetes, the findings in type 1 diabetes could be related to low expression of ABC G/5 G/8 genes, resulting in high absorption of cholesterol and sterols in general and low synthesis of cholesterol.
Transendothelial Migration of Myeloma Cells Is Increased by Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α <b> <i>via</i> </b> TNF Receptor 2 and Autocrine Up-Regulation of MCP-1
Authors: Karin Jöhrer, Katrin Janke, Jens Krugmann, Michael Fiegl, Richard Greil
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been shown to facilitate leukocyte transendothelial migration. In multiple myeloma, TNF-α is an important factor in the promotion of growth and survival of the malignant cells. Studies have shown that enhanced TNF-α levels in myeloma patients correlated with aggressive disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of recombinant human TNF-α on the migrational behavior of myeloma cells across the physiological barrier of the major disease compartment, i.e., human bone marrow endothelial cells. In the presence of TNF-α, we observed significantly increased migration both in established myeloma cell lines and in plasma cells from myeloma patients. Expression of TNF-receptor 2 (TNF-R2) but not TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) was detected in myeloma cell lines. Myeloma cells of patients also showed expression of TNF-R2 but not TNF-R1. The effect of TNF-α could not be explained by altered expression of adhesion molecules or metalloproteases. Instead, we found an up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and confirmed that myeloma cells express the relevant receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2. Preincubation of myeloma cells with recombinant human MCP-1 also enhanced cell migration, and this effect, as well as the effect of TNF-α, was abolished by treatment with anti-MCP-1 antibody. In contrast, migration of myeloma cells in the direction of an MCP-1 gradient, i.e., chemotaxis, could not be observed in the cell lines investigated. Additionally, the mRNA level of TNF-α was up-regulated by the cytokine treatment, which points to an autocrine loop augmenting and/or stabilizing the TNF-α–MCP-1 pathway. In summary, our data clearly support additional investigations using anti-MCP-1 antibodies in myeloma progression.
Betrayers of the Truth
Authors: Ann C. Weller
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The timeliness of<i>Betrayers of the Truth</i>is exemplified by the recent exposure of John Darsee's faked experimental data. William Broad and Nicholas Wade present a fascinating and disturbing account of scientific fraud, which they claim is and always has been endemic. Their well-documented narratives are international in scope and encompass more than 2,100 years of scientific endeavor. They document the deceit that has touched some of the most respected research and academic centers and has even extended to the Nobel Prize. In the first chapter, the authors describe less-than-honest practices of well-known scientists. The problems revealed include Mendel's work on genetics, which is statistically too perfect; Galileo's results on falling bodies, which lack experimental data; and Ptolemy's observations of the stars, which were made in the great library of Alexandria rather than under the night sky. The book reads like a detective story as it chronicles the infamous career
Brain-derived microparticles induce systemic coagulation in a murine model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ye Tian, Breia Salsbery, Min Wang, Hengjie Yuan, Jing Yang, Zilong Zhao, Xiaoping Wu, Yanjun Zhang, Barbara A. Konkle, Perumal Thiagarajan, Min Li, Jianning Zhang, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Blood (2015)
High PR3 or ELA2 expression by CD34+ cells in advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia is associated with improved outcome following allogeneic stem cell transplantation and may improve PR1 peptide–driven graft-versus-leukemia effects
Authors: Agnes S. M. Yong, Katayoun Rezvani, Bipin N. Savani, Rhoda Eniafe, Stephan Mielke, John M. Goldman, A. John Barrett
Journal: Blood (2007)
The supraregional assay service
Authors: S Bulusu, C M Royle
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Proportion of general practitioners indicating their wish for information in discharge letters conceming various aspects of their patients' attendance at accident and emergency departments No (%) of practitioners requiring information on aspect Aspect of attendance (n= 213) Mode of referral 194 (91) General practitioner diagnosis (prior to referral) 134 (63) Clinical findings in accident and emergency*: All positive findings 115 (54) All negative findings 57 (27) Only relevant findings 109 (51) Results of investigations in accident and emergency: Haematology 187 (88) Biochemistry 183 (86) x Ray 191 (90) Diagnosis in accident and emergency 208 (98) Treatment in accident and emergency 202 (95) Outcome (admit or discharge) 203 (95) Treatment suggested for general practitioner 192 (90) Follow up arrangements 200 (94) Information given to patient 175 (82) Information to general practitioner**: On all patients 160 (75) Only those sent home 53 (25)*Actual question: Would you like to know all positive findings?all negative findings?only "relevant" findings?other (please specify)?Some respondents replied to more than one category.
Impaired endocytosis of the ion channel TRPM4 is associated with human progressive familial heart block type I
Authors: Martin Kruse, Eric Schulze-Bahr, Valerie Corfield, Alf Beckmann, Birgit Stallmeyer, Güven Kurtbay, Iris Ohmert, Ellen Schulze-Bahr, Paul Brink, Olaf Pongs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Progressive familial heart block type I (PFHBI) is a progressive cardiac bundle branch disease in the His-Purkinje system that exhibits autosomal-dominant inheritance. In 3 branches of a large South African Afrikaner pedigree with an autosomal-dominant form of PFHBI, we identified the mutation c.19G-->A in the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 4 gene (TRPM4) at chromosomal locus 19q13.3. This mutation predicted the amino acid substitution p.E7K in the TRPM4 amino terminus. TRPM4 encodes a Ca2+-activated nonselective cation (CAN) channel that belongs to the transient receptor potential melastatin ion channel family. Quantitative analysis of TRPM4 mRNA content in human cardiac tissue showed the highest expression level in Purkinje fibers. Cellular expression studies showed that the c.19G-->A missense mutation attenuated deSUMOylation of the TRPM4 channel. The resulting constitutive SUMOylation of the mutant TRPM4 channel impaired endocytosis and led to elevated TRPM4 channel density at the cell surface. Our data therefore revealed a gain-of-function mechanism underlying this type of familial heart block.
EFA (9-β-D-erythrofuranosyladenine) is an effective salvage agent for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-selective therapy of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with L-alanosine
Authors: Ayse Batova, Howard Cottam, John Yu, Mitchell B. Diccianni, Carlos J. Carrera, Alice L. Yu
Journal: Blood (2005)
The toxicology of benzene.
Authors: R Snyder, G Witz, B D Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Benzene is metabolized, primarily in the liver, to a series of phenolic and ring-opened products and their conjugates. The mechanism of benzene-induced aplastic anemia appears to involve the concerted action of several metabolites acting together on early stem and progenitor cells, as well as on early blast cells, such as pronormoblasts and normoblasts to inhibit maturation and amplification. Benzene metabolites also inhibit the function of microenvironmental stromal cells necessary to support the growth of differentiating and maturing marrow cells. The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemogenesis is less well understood. Benzene and its metabolites do not function well as mutagens but are highly clastogenic, producing chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and micronuclei. Benzene has been shown to be a multi-organ carcinogen in animals. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that benzene is a human leukemogen. There is need to better define the lower end of the dose-response curve for benzene as a human leukemogen. The application of emerging methods in biologically based risk assessment employing pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data may help to clarify the uncertainties in low-dose risk assessment.
Dancing with dementia
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new NHS dementia awareness campaign has been launched, as a survey shows that a third of respondents are uncomfortable around people with the condition.

The “Living Well” campaign, backed by the Department of Health for England and the Alzheimer’s Society, aims to educate the public about the condition and demonstrate the simple things that can be done to help people live well with dementia. The campaign was launched at the London nightclub Pacha this week and featured people with dementia ballroom dancing as a way to challenge perceptions about the illness.

Speaking at the launch, the care services minister, Phil Hope, said, “Dementia doesn’t discriminate, and neither should …
Is it necessary to test patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) for seropositivity to HTLV-1?
Authors: Elizabeth Calleja, Renate Klein, James Bussel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

HTLV-111 (HIV-1) has been shown to be associated with thrombocytopenia of a type resembling immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). HTLV-1 is a retrovirus similar to HIV-I (HTLV-III) in a number of features, such as CD4 tropism. It is responsible for several clinical entities, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The relationship, if any, of HTLV-1 and thrombocytopenia has not been systematically studied. To determine how frequently ITP patients are commonly infected with HTLV-1, the following study was performed. Frozen serum samples from 123 randomly selected patients with ITP were thawed and tested for antibodies to HTLV-1 by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Positives were confirmed by Western blot. Three patients were initially found to be positive for HTLV-1. One was a female of Caribbean ancestry, one was a male HIV-1+ patient, and one was an adolescent female with no known risk factors for HIV-1. The two females later tested negative for HTLV-1. As a screening program for HTLV-1 antibodies was not introduced into blood banks until November 1988, there may have been passive transfer of the virus from intravenous immunoglobulin that these patients had received. This study of a large number of ITP patients shows that it is extremely unlikely that they are infected with HTLV-1, and, therefore, it is unnecessary to screen ITP patients for seropositivity to HTLV-1.
Role of changes in microsomal calcium uptake in the effects of reperfusion of Ca2+-deprived rat hearts.
Authors: L E Alto, N S Dhalla
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

This study was designed to investigate changes in contractile force, resting tension, and microsomal Ca2+ uptake in isolated rat hearts perfused under conditions associated with reversible and irreversible stages of the calcium paradox phenomenon. Five minutes of reperfusion with normal medium containing 1.25 mM calcium after 5 minutes of Ca2+-free perfusion produced a marked rise in resting tension, no recovery of contractile force, and a 63% depression in microsomal Ca2+ uptake. When reperfusion was carried out after 5 minutes of perfusion with 0.025 mM or greater concentrations of Ca2+, after less than 5 minutes of Ca2+-free exposure or after 5 minutes of varying degrees of hypothermic Ca2+-free perfusion, the increase in resting tension and decrease in contractile force development as well as microsomal Ca2+ accumulation were either absent or reduced. Furthermore, reperfusion-induced increases in resting tension and decreases in microsomal Ca2+ uptake also were found to be dependent on the duration of reperfusion as well as on the calcium concentration of the reperfusion medium. Microsomes isolated from control, Ca2+-free perfused or reperfused hearts were found to have similar phospholipid composition, protein profiles (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and electron microscopic appearance. Whereas Ca2+-free perfusion alone had no effect on any of the parameters studied, reperfusion also depressed microsomal Ca2+-binding, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities. Changes in microsomal Ca2+ uptake exhibited sigmoidal relationships with the ability of Ca2+-depleted hearts to recover their contractile force or increase their resting tension upon reperfusion. Our findings suggest that reperfusion-induced contracture and intracellular calcium overload may be associated in part with a defect in the ability of sarcoplasmic reticulum to regulate calcium.
High MET Receptor Expression But Not Gene Amplification in ALK 2p23 Rearrangement Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yan Feng, Eugen C. Minca, Christopher Lanigan, Angen Liu, Wei Zhang, Lihong Yin, Nathan A. Pennell, Carol Farver, Raymond Tubbs, Patrick C. Ma
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Report predicts US physician shortage could exceed 90 000 by 2025
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As the population ages and more people gain access to healthcare services as a result of the 2012 Affordable Care Act, the demand for physicians in the United States will far outstrip supply, resulting in a shortfall of between 46 100 and 90 400 physicians by 2025, predicts a report commissioned by the Association of American Medical Colleges.1

“The doctor shortage is real, it’s significant, and it’s particularly serious for the kind of medical care that our aging population is going to need,” said Darrell G Kirch, president and chief …
The effect of a single plucking at different times in the hair cycle on the growth of individual mouse vibrissae
Authors: LAMEES IBRAHIM, E.A. WRIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Mouse vibrissae have been plucked at precise times throughout the hair cycle and the time of appearance of the new hair noted for each individual follicle. It was found that plucking a vibrissa at any time during the cycle resulted in the induction of a new hair and in no case did the follicle continue the same cycle. All the vibrissae grew at the normal rate of 1.0 mm/day for most of the growing period and whenever plucked during this period a new hair appeared after 8--11 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.6--0.7mm/day at the end of the growing period plucking resulted in the appearance of a new hair after 7 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.1--0.3 mm/day a new hair appeared 5 days after plucking, thus the time of normal eruption was not altered. When whiskers were 10--15 mm long and about half way through the active growth phase their follicles were surgically transected at one of three different levels: (1) just above the dermal papilla which left all or most of the differentiating matrix cells, (2) mid-follicle and (3) at the level of the sebacaous gland. In each case the distal part of the hair was then plucked. In five out of ten cases when the cut was made just above the dermal papilla a new hair erupted after a variable time 10--15 days. In all other cases the existing hair cycle was completed after a delay of a few days. This emphasizes the importance of the differentiated matrix cells in the maintenance of the hair cycle.