tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential VEGF signalling in the lung
Authors: Khadija Ourradi, Thomas Blythe, Caroline Jarrett, Shaney Barratt, Gavin Welsh, Ann Millar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

VEGF undergoes alternate splicing producing isoforms with differing functions. The most commonly studied form is VEGF165. Recently an isoform that causes inhibition of endothelial proliferation, migration and permeability induced by VEGF165, namely VEGF165b has been identified. We have previously investigated the downstream signalling mechanisms in response to VEGF165 in pulmonary and systemic endothelial cells and have now compared these to the effects of VEGF165b  HUVEC and Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC-L) were treated with both VEGF isoforms. Phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 (tyr1175 and tyr1214) was measured along with phosphorylation/activation of pMEK1/2, p44/42MAPK (regulating cell proliferation) and eNOS protein (involved in cell permeability). The downstream effects of VEGF165/ VEGF165b on cell permeability was assessed by Endohm, Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensor (ECIS) and FITC-BSA passage and changes in VE-cadherin cell distribution was determined by immunofluorescence  VEGF165 induced maximal phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at tyr1175 and tyr1214 between 5 and 10min (>10fold increase), VEGF165b induced less than 5 fold increase compare to control. Comparable results for both isoforms were seen for activation of pMEK1/2, p42/44MAPK and eNOS. All three permeability assessments showed an increase due to VEGF165 (HUVEC p  VEGF165b induces a different response to VEGF165 in HUVEC and HMVEC-L. These observations suggest different pathways for the regulation of mitogenesis or permeability identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Head and Neck Cancer in the Elderly: is There Any Reason to Change Their Management?
Authors: L. Iglesias, B. Castelo Fernández, R. Álvarez, A. Ballesteros, I. Ghanem, J.A. Nuñez Sobrino, A. San Juan Del Moral, J. Rogado, A. Diaz, A. Redondo, S. Garcia-Adrian
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Angiogenin Mediates Cell-Autonomous Translational Control under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Attenuates Kidney Injury
Authors: Iadh Mami, Nicolas Bouvier, Khalil El Karoui, Morgan Gallazzini, Marion Rabant, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Shuping Li, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Philippe Beaune, Eric Thervet, Eric Chevet, Guo-Fu Hu, Nicolas Pallet
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathophysiology of kidney disease and aging, but the molecular bases underlying the biologic outcomes on the evolution of renal disease remain mostly unknown. Angiogenin (ANG) is a ribonuclease that promotes cellular adaptation under stress but its contribution to ER stress signaling remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the ANG-mediated contribution to the signaling and biologic outcomes of ER stress in kidney injury. ANG expression was significantly higher in samples from injured human kidneys than in samples from normal human kidneys, and in mouse and rat kidneys, ANG expression was specifically induced under ER stress. In human renal epithelial cells, ER stress induced ANG expression in a manner dependent on the activity of transcription factor XBP1, and ANG promoted cellular adaptation to ER stress through induction of stress granules and inhibition of translation. Moreover, the severity of renal lesions induced by ER stress was dramatically greater in ANG knockout mice (Ang−/−) mice than in wild-type mice. These results indicate that ANG is a critical mediator of tissue adaptation to kidney injury and reveal a physiologically relevant ER stress-mediated adaptive translational control mechanism.
Healthcare in Rural China: A View from Otolaryngology
Authors: Carline Lee
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

China is a rapidly developing nation, and the pace of change quickened after the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiao Ping in the 1980s. These changes particularly affected the healthcare system; and, as a result, there is a widening gap in provision between rich urban areas and poor rural areas. This paper outlines the changes that have occurred in the healthcare system and reports on current practice in rural China as seen by an otolaryngologist.
Brief Communication: Synergistic Effects of Benzo[alpyrene and Diethylnitrosamine on Respiratory Carcinogenesis in Hamsters2
Authors: Ruggero Montesano, Umberto Saffiotti, Alessandro Ferrero, David G. Kaufman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Synergistic Effects of Benzo[alpyrene and Diethylnitrosamine on Respiratory Carcinogenesis in Hamsters Get access Ruggero Montesano, M.D., PhD., Ruggero Montesano, M.D., PhD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Umberto Saffiotti, M.D., Umberto Saffiotti, M.D. 4National Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alessandro Ferrero, M.D., Alessandro Ferrero, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David G. Kaufman, M.D., PhD. David G. Kaufman, M.D., PhD. 6 4National Cancer Institute. 6Address reprint requests to Dr. Kaufman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1395–1397, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.5.1395 Published: 01 November 1974 Article history Received: 29 May 1974 Accepted: 18 July 1974 Published: 01 November 1974
Osteogenic index of step exercise depending on choreographic movements, session duration, and stepping rate * COMMENTARY * COMMENTARY
Authors: R A Santos-Rocha, C S Oliveira, A P Veloso
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Step exercise has been promoted as a low impact physical activity recommended for the improvement of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. This recreational activity might also be recommended to improve bone health since mechanical load plays an important role in the normal development of the skeleton.Our main purpose was to characterised 100 step sessions and to calculated osteogenic index (OI) according to Turner and Robling: OI (one session) = peak ground reaction force(BW)*ln(number of loading cycles+1).Main results (mean+/-SD) were as follows: OI was 12.0+/-0.8; peak ground reaction force (GRF) was 1.40+/-0.10 times body weight (BW); session duration was 38.6+/-8.3 min; stepping rate was 134.6+/-4.7 beats per minute (bpm); the movements performed most often were marching, knee hop, side leg, L step, and over the top; and the number of loading cycles was 4194.1+/-1055.2. OI and GRF increased significantly when stepping rate was higher than 135 bpm. This stepping rate might be used as a reference for higher intensity classes. A frequency of two to three sessions per week of step exercise is recommended.Despite the benefits that have been stated when step classes are structured correctly and adapted to the participants, further research is needed concerning biomechanical load, exercise prescription, and injury prevention.
The impact of bacterial lysate on asthma prevention in mouse and its mechanism
Authors: Jing Liu, Xiao Jian Zhou, Jian Guo Hong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective: To observe the effect of OM-85BV on airway inflammation in mice with asthma.  Methods: Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups. The groups andthe process of makingthe animal model are available in the figuer  .Lungs were lavaged with and the cell cytokines levels were detected. Parts of lung were for histological and thymuses were prepared for immunohistochemistry examination. The expression of TGF-β 1  mRNA and Foxp3 mRNA in spleen were detected.  Results: Compared with groups a and b, lung tissue biopsies, total cells and the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cell cytokine in BALF and in serum from group c showed obvious airway inflammation. The situation of groups d, e and f was significantly improved than group c. TGF-β 1  in blood serum, TGF-β 1  mRNA and Foxp3 mRNA from group c were significantly lower than a and b, which in d and f were improved than c ( P   .  Conclusions: OM-85BV helps regulate the balance between Th1/Th2 in asthmatic mice and prevent the development of airway inflammation.  Key Words: asthma; Broncho-Vaxom; airway inflammation; regulatory T cells.
Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): A clinical study (1303 patients)
Authors: Licia Ballerin, Marzia Simoni, Lucia Ritrovato, Alfredo Potena
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Few studies focused on gender differences among patients with OSAS. The prevalence of hypertension was not elucidated after controlling for OSAS severity, age, and obesity grade in men and women, separately, and conflicting data were reported on the effect of gender on susceptibility to hypertension in OSAS.   Aim:  To retrospectively assess gender-specific differences in patients with diagnosis of OSAS, with particular attention devoted to hypertension.   Methods:  1303 patients (20-90 years, 75% males) with symptoms suggestive of OSAS underwent overnight home polysomnography, and the apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 10 defined OSAS diagnosis.   Results:  73% of males and 56% of females had OSAS. Prevalences of obesity, metabolic disorders, and hypertension were significantly higher in females than males independent from OSAS. Females were significantly older than males only among the patients with OSAS. The risk for OSAS was significantly higher in males than females only in middle ages (40-59 years). OSAS was associated with obesity in both males (Odds ratio, OR 3.01, 95% Confidence Interval 2.18-4.15) and females (2.70, 1.64-4.45). Severe OSAS was a risk factor for hypertension independent from obesity in males (1.67, 1.02-2.63, and 2.61, 1.50-4.54, for non obese and obese, respectively). OSAS, whatever was its severity, was related to higher risk for hypertension neither in non-obese nor in obese females.   Conclusions:  Although a clear male predominance, we confirmed that with increasing age the prevalence of OSAS in women becomes comparable to that of males. Among OSAS patients, the male gender was related to higher susceptibility to hypertension.
Postpartum prophylaxis for women with bipolar disorder
Authors: L S Cohen, D A Sichel, L M Robertson, E Heckscher, J F Rosenbaum
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The postpartum period has typically been considered a time of heightened vulnerability for development of affective disorders, and women with bipolar disorder have consistently demonstrated vulnerability to puerperal worsening of mood. This retrospective study examined the extent to which mood-stabilizing agents provide prophylactic benefit to bipolar women during the postpartum period.The clinical course of 27 women meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder was followed during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Information regarding severity of illness (as measured by number of episodes of mania, depression, or both) was obtained, in addition to data on pharmacotherapy (if any) received before, during, and after pregnancy. The extent to which the prophylactic use of antimanic agents minimized the risk of relapse was explored.Only one of the 14 patients taking prophylactic agents during the acute puerperium relapsed within the first 3 months postpartum, while eight of the 13 who did not receive antimanic drugs showed evidence of recurrent affective instability during those 3 months. A survival analysis indicated that the women receiving prophylactic treatment with mood stabilizers maintained well-being significantly longer than the women who did not receive such treatment.Women with bipolar disorder appear to benefit from puerperal prophylaxis with mood stabilizers. Consistent with results of earlier studies, postpartum prophylaxis was associated with lower rates of relapse into affective disorders. The findings have implications for the early identification and treatment of subgroups of women at particular risk for puerperal illness.
Levels of &lt;italic&gt;O&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;-Methylguanine Acceptor Protein in Tissues of Rats and Their Relationship to Carcinogenicity and Aging&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A D Woodhead, B J Merry, E H Cao, A M Holehan, E Grist, C Carlson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

N-nitroso compounds react with cellular DNA to produce various damaging adducts, one of the more important being O6-alkylguanine. DNA restoration is accomplished by transfer of the alkyl group to a cysteine residue of an acceptor protein. The levels of acceptor activity were compared in several tissues from well-fed and dietary-restricted inbred SD rats 30-1,194 days of age. Striking and consistent differences were found in the levels of acceptor activity in different tissues from both groups; these levels corresponded to their sensitivity to tumorigenesis by alkylating agents. Acceptor activity levels were highest in the liver and somewhat less in the spleen; there were significantly lower levels in brain and kidney. The random loss with time in the integrity of DNA may cause alterations in cellular function or limit cellular proliferation, thus leading to senescence and death. DNA repair processes may alter the rate of accumulation of damage, thereby affecting potential longevity. There were no significant age-associated changes in the ability of cells from either dietary group to remove DNA adducts and there was no evidence of alterations in the acceptor protein with age that would compromise its functional activity.
Twelve months follow-up in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) after adenotonsillectomy or orthodontic treatment with rapid maxillary expander
Authors: Rosa Castaldo, Maria Chiara Paolino, Filomena Ianniello, Danila D'Onofrio, Alessandra Tabarrini, Marilisa Montesano, Manuela Cecili, Maria Pia Villa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) may be an alternative treatment for OSAS. It has been used for patients who have OSAS and craniofacial anomalies because it changes the mandible posture forwards, enlarges upper airway and increases upper airspace, improving the respiratory function.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy (AT) and orthodontic treatment in children with OSAS.

Methods: Children with referred SDB underwent polysomnography at baseline and after 12 months of surgical or orthodontic treatment.

Results: We included 32 children (mean age 4.9±1.5 yrs, 75% male). Eighteen children underwent AT (group A) and 14 children RME (group B). There were no differences for age, sex and BMI between the two groups.

Children treated with AT showed an AHI at baseline higher than children treated with RME (14.3±8.2 vs 5.5±1.4 ev/h, p<0.001); this difference were no significant after 12 months (1.3±1.4 vs 1.6±1.9 ev/h,NS).

After one year, 40.6% had a residual disease, without any differences between the 2 groups. Children with residual OSAS (RO) had an higher duration of disease than children with complete resolution of SDB (47.3±18.4 vs 31.9±18.7 months). In the group A 7 children (38.8%) had RO and of them 5 children (71.4%) had a malocclusion. In the group B 6 children (42%) had RO, and between them 3 children (50%) had severe tonsillar hypertrophy.

Conclusions: Both treatment showed efficacy in the management of paediatric OSAS but both had a residual disease, not related to the treatment or the severity of the disease but to its duration. Data underline the importance of an early treatment using integrated approach.
Targeting, dosimetry, and radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas with iodine-131-labeled LL2 monoclonal antibody.
Authors: D M Goldenberg, J A Horowitz, R M Sharkey, T C Hall, S Murthy, H Goldenberg, R E Lee, R Stein, J A Siegel, D O Izon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Sixteen patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were infused with 6.2 to 58.2 mCi (0.2 to 3.9 mg) doses of radioactive iodine (131I)-labeled LL2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) or F(ab')2, in order to study antibody distribution, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, toxicity, tumor targeting, and therapy. LL2 is a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with B cells and non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. In a series of five assessable therapy patients, doses as small as 30 mCi 131I-LL2 IgG or F(ab')2 resulted in tumor responses (two partial remissions, two mixed and minor responses, and one no response), while one patient receiving diagnostic doses as low as 6.2 mCi showed a partial remission for 1 year and a complete remission after a second low radiation dose. No acute toxicities were noted, and only myelotoxicity accompanied therapeutic doses, with grade IV marrow toxicity seen in three of seven patients receiving total doses of about 50 mCi. Dosimetry calculations showed spleen and tumor dose rules of about 4.6 cGy/mCi, which was three to four times the dose to other organs. Despite the administration of relatively low doses of LL2 (0.2 to 3.9 mg), 82% of 60 known extrasplenic lymphoma sites were imaged. Serum clearance showed an average distribution half-life (T1/2) of 2.1 hours and an elimination T1/2 of 32.0 hours. The average total-body clearance T1/2 was 43 to 45 hours. LL2's antigenic target does not appear to be shed in high amounts into the circulation. Three of eight patients having at least two injections showed a human antimouse antibody response. These patients may have been presensitized to animal protein. An interesting observation in this study was the marked drop in circulating B lymphocytes after the administration of radioiodinated LL2 or anticarcinoembryonic antigen MAbs, suggesting that this is a nonspecific radiation effect and not necessarily related to the binding of MAb to normal B cells.
Mutagens in Extracts of Human Gastric Mucosa&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G N Stemmermann, H Mower, D Ichinotsubo, L Tomiyasu, M Mandel, A Nomura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Extracts of mucosa from 53 stomachs were tested for mutagenicity with the use of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Mutagenic activity was observed in nonneoplastic mucosa from seven stomachs with S. typhimurium strain TA98 without the S-. mix (a rat liver microsomal enzyme preparation) and in three stomachs with TA100 without S-. mix. All of the TA98 mutagenic samples were derived from stomachs showing evidence of intestinal metaplasia. The exception was an extract of corpus mucosa that was mutagenic with strain TA100. "Transnitrosoase" activity was found in 12 of 53 samples, all of which showed TA98 mutagenicity. Whether the presence of mutagens and transnitrosoase activity causes intestinal metaplasia or results from it is uncertain.
Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Corey Cutler, Satyendra Giri, Suriya Jeyapalan, David Paniagua, Akila Viswanathan, Joseph H. Antin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Controversy exists as to whether the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is increased after peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) when compared with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We performed a meta-analysis of all trials comparing the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD after PBSCT and BMT reported as of June, 2000. Secondary analyses examined relapse rates after the two procedures. METHODS: An extensive MEDLINE search of the literature was undertaken. Primary authors were contacted for clarification and completion of missing information. A review of cited references was also undertaken. Sixteen studies (five randomized controlled trials and 11 cohort studies) were included in this analysis. Data was extracted by two pairs of reviewers and analyzed for the outcomes of interest. Meta-analyses, regression analyses, and assessments of publication bias were performed. RESULTS: Using a random effects model, the pooled relative risk (RR) for acute GVHD after PBSCT was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.28; P= .006) when compared with traditional BMT. The pooled RR for chronic GVHD after PBSCT was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.88; P &lt; .001) when compared with BMT. The RR of developing clinically extensive chronic GVHD was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.05; P &lt; .001). The excess risk of chronic GVHD was explained by differences in the T-cell dose delivered with the graft in a meta-regression model that did not reach statistical significance. There was a trend towards a decrease in the rate of relapse after PBSCT (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.05). CONCLUSION: Both acute and chronic GVHD are more common after PBSCT than BMT, and this may be associated with lower rates of malignant relapse. The magnitude of the transfused T-cell load may explain the differences in chronic GVHD risk.
Gamma Interferon Priming of Mouse and Human Macrophages for Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: George E. Gifford, Marie-Luise Lohmann-Matthes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Priming of macrophages from both murine and human sources by recombinant immune interferons from Escherichia coli (r-IFN-gamma s) and activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). r-IFN-gamma alone did not induce TNF production by macrophages; for this to occur, the second signal provided by small amounts (nanograms) of LPS was required. The small amounts of LPS alone were insufficient to activate the macrophages for TNF production. Priming by r-IFN-gamma was not necessary when larger amounts of LPS were employed, although an enhancement of yield resulted. Priming could also be demonstrated in vivo. Inoculation of r-IFN-gamma into mice resulted in increased yields of TNF following LPS challenge 12 hours later.
Changing nomenclature for PBC: From ‘cirrhosis’ to ‘cholangitis’
Authors: Ulrich Beuers, M. Eric Gershwin, Robert G. Gish, Pietro Invernizzi, David E.J. Jones, Keith Lindor, Xiong Ma, Ian R. Mackay, Albert Parés, Atsushi Tanaka, John M. Vierling, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Beuers, Ulrich; Gershwin, M. Eric; Gish, Robert G.; Invernizzi, Pietro; Jones, David E.J.; Lindor, Keith; Ma, Xiong; Mackay, Ian R.; Parés, Albert; Tanaka, Atsushi; Vierling, John M.; Poupon, Raoul Author Information