tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopy of hair.
Authors: E.H. WYATT, J.M. RIGGOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The cuticular scale pattern of adult human terminal hair sampled from 10 different body sites was examined by scanning electron microscopy and showed: (1) differences according to site, the size of the cuticular scales being significantly greater in scalp hair than in hair taken from the nine other sites; (2) differences according to sex, the size of cuticular scales of facial, axillary and abdominal hairs being significantly larger in females; and (3) differences according to age, the size of cuticular scales from scalp hairs being significantly smaller in older than younger people.
hMLH1 and hMSH2 immunostaining in colorectal cancer Reply Reply
Authors: J R JASS;
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—The paper by Cawkwell and colleagues ((1999) Gut 45:409–415; [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]) on the utility of hMLH1 and hMSH2 immunostaining in colorectal cancer may mislead the unwary reader just as it misled the author of the accompanying commentary ((1999) Gut 45:325–326.[OpenUrl][3][Abstract/FREE Full Text][4]) . Nowhere in their paper do the authors state that their approach will identify all cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Nor would their method of ascertainment have picked up many HNPCC families. This is evident from the high proportion (83%) of cases with loss of hMLH1 while only four (apparently) of the 49 subjects with one or more RER positive colorectal carcinomas were diagnosed at less than 50 years of age. No subject was actually confirmed as having HNPCC. Yet the commentary states that the test showed that all HNPCC subjects had a deficit of either hMLH1 or hMSH2. The test will certainly identify all sporadic RER positive or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers in which the promoter region of hMLH1 is hypermethylated.1 We found that 21/23 previously reported sporadic MSI-H cancers2showed loss of hMLH1. One showed loss of hMSH2. This subject … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCancer%2BResearch%26rft.stitle%253DCancer%2BRes.%26rft.aulast%253DCunningham%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D58%26rft.issue%253D15%26rft.spage%253D3455%26rft.epage%253D3460%26rft.atitle%253DHypermethylation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BhMLH1%2BPromoter%2Bin%2BColon%2BCancer%2Bwith%2BMicrosatellite%2BInstability%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9699680%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=canres&resid=58/15/3455&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F47%2F2%2F315.atom [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.42.5.673%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9659163%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=42/5/673&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F47%2F2%2F315.atom
Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Aspects
Authors: C. Kunz, S. Rudloff, W. Baier, N. Klein, S. Strobel
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2000)

Research on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has received much attention in recent years. However, it started about a century ago with the observation that oligosaccharides might be growth factors for a so-called bifidus flora in breast-fed infants and extends to the recent finding of cell adhesion molecules in human milk. The latter are involved in inflammatory events recognizing carbohydrate sequences that also can be found in human milk. The similarities between epithelial cell surface carbohydrates and oligosaccharides in human milk strengthen the idea that specific interactions of those oligosaccharides with pathogenic microorganisms do occur preventing the attachment of microbes to epithelial cells. HMOs may act as soluble receptors for different pathogens, thus increasing the resistance of breast-fed infants. However, we need to know more about the metabolism of oligosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract. How far are oligosaccharides degraded by intestinal enzymes and does oligosaccharide processing (e.g. degradation, synthesis, and elongation of core structures) occur in intestinal epithelial cells? Further research on HMOs is certainly needed to increase our knowledge of infant nutrition as it is affected by complex oligosaccharides.
Comparative Diagnostic Aspects of Herpes Simplex Virus Tumor-Associated Antigens2
Authors: Mary F. D. Notter, John J. Docherty
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Sera from cancer patients and healthy individuals, obtained from two independent sources, were examined for their abilities to react with herpes simplex virus-associated tumor antigens, AG-4 and NVA-TAA (nonvirion antigen-tumor-associated antigen). Both antigens were prepared by infection of HEp-2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 2, and all antigen-antibody interactions were measured by the micro-complement fixation test. Of sera from 16 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, 81% (P less than 0.01) reacted with NVA-TAA, whereas 78% (P less than 0.001) of 18 sera examined reacted with AG-4. These values differed significantly from those for normal sera, of which 14% reacted with NVA-TAA and 13% with AG-4. Of sera for 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck or vulva, 75% (P less than 0.02) reacted with NVA-TAA, whereas 63% (P less than 0.05) reacted with AG-4. As a group, other cancers (including adenocarcinoma of lung, breast, ovary, and cervix; liposarcoma; sarcoma; melanoma; and carcinoma of the endometrium) did not differ significantly from controls in reactive patterns with AG-4 or NVA-TAA. These studies partly supported the reported preferential reactivity of AG-4 and NVA-TAA with sera of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, especially of the uterine cervix.
Antibody-Linked Cytotoxic Agents in the Treatment of Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. Ghose, A. H. Blair
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Antibodies against tumor cell surface antigens have been used as selective carriers of anticancer drugs, which themselves lack selectivity. Although such antibodies have been demonstrated in tumor hosts, xenogeneic antitumor sera should provide larger yields of better-defined antitumor antibodies for therapeutic purposes. This review examined factors that influence the immune response to tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) and the methods for rendering tumor cells more immunogenic. Consideration was also given to techniques for elimination of irrelevant immunoglobulin molecules. These could involve purification of both antitumor sera and TATA fractions for immunization, as well as tailoring of the immunization protocol. Various toxic agents that have been linked to antitumor globulins with retention of agent and antibody activity were tabulated: alkylating drugs, antibiotics, antimetabolites, cell surface agents, protein synthesis inhibitors, and unconventional anticancer agents that selectively convert nontoxic arsenicals or halides into cytocidal derivatives. The methods by which effective conjugates can be produced and their possible mode of action were described for the different types of agents. Several problems inherent in this modality of tumor therapy include: 1) the necessity of binding therapeutically effective amounts of antitumor agent, 2) ensuring of delivery of drug in active form to target sites, 3) avoidance of host reactions to foreign proteins, and 4) possible emergence of resistant tumor cell populations. Antibody-linked cytotoxic agents may find their greatest use in the eradication of small numbers of circulating tumor cells and micrometastases remaining after removal of primary tumors.
Concomitant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Skye Hongiun Cheng, Stella Y. C. Tsai, K. Lawrence Yen, James Jer-Min Jian, Nei-Min Chu, Kwan-Yee Chan, Tran-Der Tan, Jason C. Cheng, Cheng-Yee Hsieh, Andrew T. Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) continues to carry a failure rate of 15% to 30% when treated with radiotherapy alone; the benefit of concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CCRT) in early-stage NPC is unclear. The purpose of this report is to describe our efforts to improve treatment outcome in early-stage NPC after CCRT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 189 newly diagnosed NPC patients without evidence of distant metastases who were treated in our institution between 1990 and 1997, 44 presented with early-stage (stage I and II) disease according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 1997 NPC staging system. Twelve of these patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 32 with CCRT. Each patient’s head and neck area was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Radiotherapy was administered at 2 Gy per fraction per day, Monday through Friday, for 35 fractions for a total dose of 70 Gy. Chemotherapy consisting of cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum and fluorouracil was delivered simultaneously with radiotherapy in weeks 1 and 6 and sequentially for two monthly cycles after radiotherapy. RESULTS: Patients who were treated with radiotherapy alone primarily had stage I disease, whereas none of those who were treated with CCRT had stage I disease (11 of 12 patients v none of 32 patients; P = .001). The locoregional control rate at 3 years for the radiotherapy group was 91.7% (median follow-up period, 34 months) and was 100% for the CCRT group (median follow-up period, 44 months) (P = .10). The 3-year disease-free survival rate in the radiotherapy group was 91.7% and was 96.9% in the CCRT group (P = .66). CONCLUSION: Our results reveal excellent prognosis of AJCC 1997 stage II NPC treated with CCRT. Stage II patients with a greater tumor burden treated with CCRT showed an equal disease-free survival, compared with stage I patients treated with radiotherapy alone. A prospective randomized trial is underway to confirm the role of CCRT in stage II NPC.
Abstract 20236: Effect of Carvedilol on Outcomes in Medicare Beneficiaries with Heart Failure: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Jason Guichard, Ravi V Desai, Mustafa I Ahmed, Margaret A Feller, Richard M Allman, Susan J Zieman, Gregg C Fonarow, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Carvedilol, a nonselective beta-blocker with vasodilating and antioxidant properties, has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). However, most randomized clinical trials of carvedilol excluded older adults and those with diastolic HF. We examined if the discharge prescription of carvedilol would reduce mortality in older adults hospitalized for acute decompensated HF.   Methods:  Charts of 8049 hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries discharged alive with a primary discharge diagnosis of HF from 106 US hospitals in 1998–2001 were abstracted. Patient receiving other beta-blockers (n=1798) were excluded. Of the 6251 patients in the final study sample, 638 patients received carvedilol. Propensity for discharge prescription of carvedilol was estimated for each of the 6251 patients using a non-parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model, and was used to assemble a cohort of 631 pairs of patients receiving and not receiving carvedilol, who were balanced on 38 baseline characteristics. Stratified Cox regression models were used to estimate association of carvedilol use with all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization during over 8 years of follow-up.   Results:  Patients had a mean (±SD) age of 76 (±11) years, 57% women, 25% African American. All-cause mortality occurred in 65% and 71% of matched patients in the carvedilol and no-carvedilol group respectively (matched hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95; p=0.010;  Figure ). There was no interaction between carvedilol use and left ventricular ejection fraction (p for interaction, 0.775). Carvedilol use had no association with HF hospitalization.   Conclusions:  Discharge prescription of carvedilol was associated with reduced mortality in Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with HF.
Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil on Long-Term Outcomes in African American Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: HERWIG-ULF MEIER-KRIESCHE, AKINLOLU O. OJO, ALAN B. LEICHTMAN, JEFFREY D. PUNCH, JULIE A. HANSON, DIANE M. CIBRIK, BRUCE KAPLAN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

African American renal transplant recipients have poorer graft survival. A study using the United States Renal Data Registry documented an improvement in graft survival for patients who took mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) compared with azathioprine (AZA). This analysis did not address the impact of MMF on African American renal transplant recipients. The present study aimed to quantify potential beneficial effects of MMF therapy on long-term renal allograft survival in African Americans. With the use of the United States Renal Data Registry, all adult Caucasian and African American patients who had received a primary renal transplant between 1988 and 1997 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. Primary study end points were death with a functioning graft and graft failure censored for death. A total of 57,926 patients were studied. For African Americans, 3-yr patient survival was 96.3 versus 93.2% (P<0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. Three-yr death-censored graft survival for African Americans was 85.8 versus 75.1% (P<0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. For Caucasians, 3-yr patient survival was 97.3 versus 93.2% for MMF and AZA, respectively. Three-yr death-censored graft survival for Caucasians was 90.1 versus 86.4% (P<0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. By multivariate analysis, MMF was associated with a significant reduction in the relative risk for all study end points in African Americans. MMF therapy is associated with both improved patient and death-censored graft survival in African American renal transplant recipients. This benefit is comparable to the benefit of MMF in Caucasian renal transplant recipients.
Chromosome Banding Patterns and Breakpoints of Three Transplantable Hepatomas Induced in Rats by Aromatic Amines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joseph Kovi, Elizabeth Kovi, Harold P. Morris, Mamidanna S. Rao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Chromosome Banding Patterns and Breakpoints of Three Transplantable Hepatomas Induced in Rats by Aromatic Amines Get access Joseph Kovi, Joseph Kovi 4Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20059. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Kovi, Elizabeth Kovi 5Department of Biochemistry, Howard University College of Medicine. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold P. Morris, Harold P. Morris 5Department of Biochemistry, Howard University College of Medicine. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mamidanna S. Rao Mamidanna S. Rao 6Department of Community Health and Family Practice, Howard University College of Medicine. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 2, August 1978, Pages 495–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.2.495 Published: 01 August 1978 Article history Received: 05 December 1977 Accepted: 27 February 1978 Published: 01 August 1978
Epidemiology and diagnostics of visceral leishmaniasis in Serbia
Authors: Z.D. Dakic, M.R. Pelemis, G.D. Stevanovic, J.L. Poluga, L.S. Lavadinovic, I.S. Milosevic, N.K. Indjic, I.V. Ofori-Belic, M.D. Pavlovic
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Relationship Between Leukemogenicity and In Vivo Inducibility of Normal Differentiation in Mouse Myeloid Leukemia Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Yoshio Honma, Takashi Kasukabe, Motoo Hozumi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Leukemogenicity was studied in sensitive mouse myeloid leukemia cells that could be induced to undergo cell differentiation in vitro into mature granulocytes and macrophages by incubation with the inducer (certain proteins or glucocorticoids) and in resistant myeloid leukemia cells that could not be induced to differentiate into mature cells. Three sensitive and five resistant clones were tested. The resistant cells were much more leukemogenic than the sensitive cells, and the survival time of syngeneic mice inoculated with the sensitive cells. In a diffusion chamber in a syngeneic, inbred SL mouse without any additional manipulation or injection of inducer, the resistant cells remained undifferentiated, but the sensitive cells were induced to differentiate into mature granulocytes and macrophages and their proliferation rate decreased. These results suggested that the greater leukemogenicity of resistant cells is associated with some defect in inducibility of cell differentiation.
Hypogonadism in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Franco Laghi, Andreea Antonescu-Turcu, Eileen Collins, Jeremy Segal, Damien E. Tobin, Amal Jubran, Martin J. Tobin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

We recently reported that hypogonadism does not affect respiratory muscle performance and exercise capacity in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In COPD, however, the relationship between exercise capacity and quality of life is controversial, making it unreliable to extrapolate about quality of life from exercise data. Accordingly, we determined prevalence and impact of hypogonadism on health-related quality of life in men with COPD. We enrolled 101 stable outpatient men (FEV1 1.34 ± 0.04 L) older than 54 years; 38 patients were hypogonadal—a prevalence similar to that reported in the general population. The degree of airflow limitation did not predict levels of free testosterone. Quality of life, as quantified by a disease-specific instrument (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire) and a general-health instrument (Veterans Short Form-36) were equivalent in the hypogonadal and eugonadal groups. Both groups demonstrated large decrements in perceived physical health and smaller decrements in perceived emotional and mental health. No relationship was found between free testosterone level and physical activity, respiratory symptoms, or quality of life. In conclusion, hypogonadism, although common among men older than 54 years with COPD, does not worsen the severity of respiratory symptoms or quality of life.
THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH VITAMIN A AND TRIAMCINOLONE*.
Authors: C. H. WHITTLE, B. WOODS, R. V. GRANGE, R. G. CARPENTER, J. A. CASBOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH VITAMIN A AND TRIAMCINOLONE: Interim Report Get access C. H. WHITTLE, C. H. WHITTLE The Cambridge Post‐Graduate Medical School and Department of Dermatology, United Cambridge Hospitals †Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Whittle at the Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. WOODS, B. WOODS The Cambridge Post‐Graduate Medical School and Department of Dermatology, United Cambridge Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. V. GRANGE, R. V. GRANGE The Cambridge Post‐Graduate Medical School and Department of Dermatology, United Cambridge Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. G. CARPENTER, R. G. CARPENTER The Cambridge Post‐Graduate Medical School and Department of Dermatology, United Cambridge Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. CASBOLD J. A. CASBOLD The Cambridge Post‐Graduate Medical School and Department of Dermatology, United Cambridge Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 12, 1 December 1961, Pages 433–438, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14995.x Published: 01 December 1961
Analysis of Surface Antigens on Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells. II. Exposure of Simian Virus 40-Induced Antigens on Transformed Rabbit Kidney and Inbred Hamster Kidney Cells by Phospholipase C2
Authors: Jeffrey J. Collins, Paul H. Black
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Analysis of Surface Antigens on Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells. II. Exposure of Simian Virus 40-Induced Antigens on Transformed Rabbit Kidney and Inbred Hamster Kidney Cells by Phospholipase C Get access Jeffrey J. Collins, Jeffrey J. Collins Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and the Infectious Disease Unit of the Medical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul H. Black Paul H. Black 5 Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and the Infectious Disease Unit of the Medical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 5Address reprint requests to: Dr. Paul H. Black, Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02114. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 115–134, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.1.115 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 31 July 1972 Revision received: 12 December 1972 Accepted: 02 February 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
Clinical laboratory practices for the detection of rotavirus in England and Wales: can surveillance based on routine laboratory testing data be used to evaluate the impact of vaccination?
Authors: C J Atchison, B A Lopman, C J Harris, C C Tam, M Iturriza Gómara, J J Gray
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Two rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in Europe. Rotavirus surveillance data in many European countries are based on reports of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections. If surveillance data based on routine laboratory testing data are to be used to evaluate the impact of vaccination programmes, it is important to determine how the data are influenced by differences in testing practices, and how these practices are likely to affect the ability of the surveillance data to represent trends in rotavirus disease in the community. We conducted a survey of laboratory testing policies for rotavirus gastroenteritis in England and Wales in 2008. 60% (94/156) of laboratories responded to the survey. 91% of reporting laboratories offered routine testing for rotavirus all year round and 89% of laboratories offered routine rotavirus testing of all stool specimens from children under the age of five years. In 96% of laboratories, rotavirus detection was presently done either by rapid immunochromatographic tests or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Currently, rotavirus testing policies among laboratories in England and Wales are relatively homogenous. Therefore, surveillance based on laboratory testing data is likely to be representative of rotavirus disease trends in the community in the most frequently affected age groups (children under the age of five years) and could be used to help determine the impact of a rotavirus vaccine.