tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Force-frequency relationships of in vivo human and in vitro rat diaphragm using paired stimuli
Authors: S Yan, A P Gauthier, T Similowski, R Faltus, P T Macklem, F Bellemare
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Supramaximal stimuli, with time intervals of 100 ms (10 Hz) to 10 ms (100 Hz), were delivered in pairs to the phrenic nerves, bilaterally, in five seated normal subjects, while transdiaphragmatic pressure swings (Pdi,s) were recorded at relaxed end-expiratory lung volume with airways closed. In fresh diaphragms, Pdi,s increased between 10-20 Hz and reached a plateau between 20-30 Hz. Diaphragmatic fatigue decreased Pdi,s at all frequencies. Pdi,s was assumed to be the sum of two successive responses (T1+T2), T1 being constant at any frequency and equal to a single twitch, T2 being obtained by subtraction. We found that T2 amplitude, which was significantly reduced after fatigue, was fully returned to normal after 15 min rest at high, not at low, stimulation frequencies. The ratio of T2 at 10 Hz over 100 Hz (T2(10/100)) thus decreased from 1.33 +/- 0.05 before fatigue to 0.97 +/- 0.12 after fatigue, and to 0.81 +/- 0.06 after 15 min rest. Similar results were obtained in isolated rat diaphragmatic strips stimulated and fatigued in vitro, from which we found a highly linear relationship (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) between the ratio of T2(10/100) and that of tetanic force at 10 Hz over 100 Hz (P10/100). We conclude that phrenic nerve paired twitches provide similar information when obtained from phrenic tetanic stimulation in terms of diaphragmatic contractility, and the decrease in T2(10/100) ratio indicates diaphragm low frequency fatigue.
Safety of percuteneous dilation tracheostomy in obese critically ill patients when performed with bronchoscopy assistance
Authors: Kyriaki Tsikritsaki, Katerina Dimakou, Ioannis Dimitroulis, Irena Tsioumboutariou, Konstantina Mendrinou, Michael Toumbis, George Koukoulitsios
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION  :  Intensive care unit (ICU) patients, mainly those in need of prolonged mechanical ventilation require tracheotomy. Obese critically ill patients are at greater risk for requiring intubation and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Percuteneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) is a well-established procedure that can be performed at the bedside by an intensivist with less surgical equipment required.   GOAL OF STUDY:  To evaluate the safety of performing PDT with bronchoscopy assistance in obese patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.   METHOD:  Sixty patients 17-79yrs of age, 23 females and 37 males with body mass index 38±8 kg/m² underwent PDT with bronchoscopy assistance due to prolonged endotracheal intubation between December 2009 and January 2012. The procedures of percuteneous dilatation tracheotomy with guide wire dilator forceps (GWDF) were done bedside under general anaesthesia in the ICU. Operative and post operative complications were observed.   RESULTS : Overall complication rate was low and occurred in 10 patients, there was no procedure-related mortality. Subcutaneous emphysema without pneumothorax occurred in three patients, two patients had a transitory hypotension related to sedation and five patients had peristomal oozing.  The mean time for procedure completion was 15 minutes, no patient required conversion to surgical tracheotomy. The bronchoscopic examination that was performed in 24 of the patients 20 days after tracheotomy tube removal showed no scar formation.   CONCLUSIONS : PDT with bronchoscopic guidance is safe for obese critically ill patients that can be done by an experienced intensivist at the bedside setting.
Routine Imaging for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in First Complete Remission Does Not Improve Post-Treatment Survival: A Danish–Swedish Population-Based Study
Authors: Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Lasse Hjort Jakobsen, Martin Hutchings, Peter de Nully Brown, Herman Nilsson-Ehle, Elisabeth Székely, Karen Juul Mylam, Viktoria Hjalmar, Hans Erik Johnsen, Martin Bøgsted, Mats Jerkeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose Routine imaging for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in first complete remission (CR) is controversial and plays a limited role in detecting relapse. This population-based study compared the survival of Danish and Swedish patients with DLBCL for whom traditions for routine imaging have been different. Patients and Methods Patients from the Danish and Swedish lymphoma registries were included according to the following criteria: newly diagnosed DLBCL from 2007 to 2012, age 18 to 65 years, and CR after R-CHOP/CHOEP. Follow-up for Swedish patients included symptom assessment, clinical examinations, and blood tests at 3- to 4-month intervals for 2 years, with longer intervals later in follow-up. Imaging was only recommended when relapse was clinically suspected. Follow-up for Danish patients was similar but included routine imaging (usually computed tomography every 6 months for 2 years). Results Danish (n = 525) and Swedish (n = 696) patients with DLBCL had comparable baseline characteristics. Cumulative 2-year progression rate after CR was 6% (95% CI, 4 to 9) for International Prognostic Index (IPI) ≤ 2 versus 21% (95% CI, 13 to 28) for IPI &gt; 2. Age &gt; 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.4), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.8), B symptoms (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.0) were associated with worse post-CR survival. Imaging-based follow-up strategy had no impact on survival, neither for all patients nor for IPI-specific subgroups. Conclusion DLBCL relapse after first CR is infrequent, and the widespread use of routine imaging in Denmark did not translate into better survival. This favors follow-up without routine imaging and, more generally, a shift of focus from relapse detection to improved survivorship.
Studies on the Antitumor Activities of Pyrimidinone-Interferon Inducers. I. Effect Against Artificial and Spontaneous Lung Metastases of Murine Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Luka Milas, Evan M. Hersh, Dale A. Stringfellow, Nancy Hunter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Since pyrimidinone compounds induce interferon production in several animal species and have potent antivirus activities, it appeared important to determine whether these compounds could also induce antitumor activities in their recipients. Pyrimidinone compounds 2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinone (ABMP), 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinone (ABPP), and 2-amino-5-iodo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinone (AIPP) were studied for their activities against artificial lung metastases of the weakly immunogenic spontaneous fibrosarcoma NFSa, the moderately immunogenic spontaneous mammary carcinoma MCa-K, and the strongly immunogenic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma FSa syngeneic to inbred C3Hf/Kam mice. In addition, the therapeutic efficacy of ABPP and AIPP was also determined against spontaneous lung metastases of NFSa. ABPP and AIPP given ip at 250 mg/kg for 2 or 3 consecutive days before or after iv inoculation of NFSa, FSa, or MCa-K cells greatly reduced the number of tumor nodules developed in the lungs. ABMP, however, was considerably less effective. ABPP and AIPP were also effective in therapy of spontaneous lung metastases of NFSa, especially when these compounds were given before surgical removal of the primary tumor. Neither ABPP nor AIPP was effective against tumor nodules growing in whole-body irradiated (WBI) mice, but both protected mice against enhancement of lung metastasis formation induced by exposure to whole-body irradiation. ABPP was more effective than AIPP in inducing production of interferon in normal mice. When treated with ABPP, WBI mice, however, were unable to produce interferon. These results show that 6-phenyl-pyrimidinone compounds induce strong antitumor activities in mice, which correlated with neither tumor immunogenicity nor the ability of these agents to induce interferon, but which depended on the immune status of the tumor host.
Comparable matrix alterations in the alveolar and small airway wall of COPD patients
Authors: I.M.J. Eurlings, N.L. Reynaert, E.F.M. Wouters, M.A. Dentener
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale:  Remodeling in COPD is considered twofold with thickening of the wall of airways    Methods:  Lung tissue sections of 8 smoking controls and 10 moderate to severe COPD patients were stained for elastin by Weigert9s Resorcin-Fuchsin and collagen 1, 2 and 3 by Picrosirius red. In addition, hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan matrix component, was stained with a hyaluronan binding protein. All stainings were corrected for total surface area and data expressed as mean % of stained area ± SD.   Results:  Elastin was significantly decreased in COPD in both alveolar (27.7% ± 5.3 vs. 17.9% ± 3.3, p 1  : alveolar elastin (r=0.742, p   Conclusion:  These results indicate that remodeling in the alveolar and SA wall in COPD show marked similarities and both relate to FEV 1 .
Bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Suhail Basunaid, Chris van der Grinten, Nicolle Cobben, Astrid Otte, Roy Sprooten, Gernot Rohde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In this case report we describe a rare case of bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to Lyme disease.

A 62-years-old male presented to the hospital early October 2011 because of flu-like symptoms consisting of low-grade fever, arthralgia in the neck and shoulders and symptoms of nocturnal hypoventilation. These symptoms started months before the actual clinical presentation and led to deterioration in his general condition. During initial evaluation a bilateral diaphragmatic weakness with orthopnea and nocturnal hypoventilation was observed, without a known aetiology. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was confirmed by fluoroscopy with a positive sniff test. This led to a referral to our centre for chronic non-invasive nocturnal ventilation (cNPPV). Subsequent investigations revealed evidence of anti-Borrelia seroactivity in EIA-IgG and IgG-blot, suggesting a recent infection with Lyme disease and resulted in a 4 week treatment with oral doxycycline 200 mg q.d. This is followed by a second short course of intravenous Ceftriaxon, which was later withdrawn due to allergic reaction.

The symptoms of nocturnal hypoventilation were successfully improved with cNPPV, unfortunately diaphragmatic function is still impaired and our patient still fully dependent on the nocturnal ventilatory support.

Conclusion :

Lyme disease should be considered in de differential diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. A delay in recognizing the symptoms in time can negatively affect the success of treatment. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is considered a treatment option for patients with diaphragmatic paralysis.
Video assisted thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary aspergilloma in children with cancer
Authors: Georgia Hardavella, Georgia Doga, Stavros Malagaris, Nikolaos Anastasiou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Pulmonary aspergilloma primarily affects severely immunocompromised patients. Overall its surgical treatment has been technically challenging and controversial mainly in the paediatric population where the situation still remains vague.   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and patient outcome of video assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)in children with pulmonary aspergilloma and cancer.   Materials and methods: Retrospective study of all children with cancer that had a VATS resection of pulmonary aspergilloma in our centre.Thorough review of medical records, imaging and pathology tests and clinical follow up in the thoracic outpatients’ clinic.All results were processed with SPSS v12.0.   Results: Six children(3 females, 3 males)with mean age of 11.7 years (range 11-16)were diagnosed with pulmonary aspergilloma during 2009-2011 and had a VATS resection(wedge resection/segmentectomy).All children had a background medical history of active cancer as follows:1/6 Hodgkin’s disease,2/6 acute lymphoblastic and 2/6 acute myeloblastic leukemia,1/6 Ewing sarcoma.Tissue culture grew Aspergillus species(5/6)and Fusarium(1/6).No procedure-related complications were recorded.Mean hospital stay was 6.7 days.VATS resection combined with antifungals pre- and postoperatively was successful.Over a 12 month follow up patients showed no Aspergillus recurrence and 1/6 died due to his main sinister disease.   Conclusions: VATS resection for pulmonary aspergilloma in children is a safe technique assuring clinical results equal to open thoracotomy yet being minimal invasive and adding less burden on the patient.It could be suggested as the procedure of choice in the immunocompromised paediatric population.
A Case of Prostate Cancer with Neuroendocrine Differentiation Treated with Everolimus Plus Octreotide
Authors: Hisako Ueda, Maki Hirao, Keiji Sugiyama, Yuiko Tsukada, Takahide Kikuchi, Kiyoshi Mukai, Kentaro Watanabe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Metabolic regulation of hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Laura J Pallett, Upkar S Gill, Alberto Quaglia, Linda V Sinclair, Maria Jover-Cobos, Anna Schurich, Kasha P Singh, Niclas Thomas, Abhishek Das, Antony Chen, Giuseppe Fusai, Antonio Bertoletti, Doreen A Cantrell, Patrick T Kennedy, Nathan A Davies, Muzlifah Haniffa, Mala K Maini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Epithelial Focus Assay for Early Detection of Carcinogen-Altered Cells in Various Organs of Rats Exposed In Situ to &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosoheptamethyleneimine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Terzaghi, P Nettesheim, T Yarita, M L Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The purpose of these studies was to determine a) whether epithelial cells with altered in vitro growth capacity occur not only after topical application of 7-12-dimethylbenz [a]-anthracene but also after systemic administration of a carcinogenic nitrosamine, and b) whether such cells can be isolated from tissues other than tracheal mucosa. AT 3 and 20 weeks following intragastric administration of 150, 300, or 600 mg N-nitrosohepatamethyleneimine (NHMI)/kg, cells were harvested from tracheas, esophagi, and lungs (target tissues for NHMI) of inbred F344 rats and seeded into culture dishes. Normal cells from nonexposed organs produced no proliferative epithelial foci (EF). Of those tracheas sampled 3 weeks following exposure to 150 and 300 mg/kg 10 and 20%, respectively, contained one or more EF that could be subcultured. Of these tracheas harvested 3 weeks post exposure to 600 mg/kg or 20 weeks post exposure to 150-600 mg/kg, 80-100% contained EF that could be subcultured. Twenty weeks after 600 mg NHMI/kg, the incidence of tracheas harboring cell populations with neoplastic potential (agarose-positive EF) was 80%, whereas the tracheal tumor incidence determined at 24 months was only 29%. Epithelial focus-forming units with various abnormal in vitro growth potentials were also detected in esophagi and lungs of NHMI-exposed rats.
Dabrafenib in Patients with Braf V600E-Mutant Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc): a Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase Ii Trial (Brf113928)
Authors: D. Planchard, T.M. Kim, J. Mazieres, E. Quoix, G.J. Riely, F. Barlesi, P. Souquet, E.F. Smit, H.J.M. Groen, R.J. Kelly, B. Cho, M.A. Socinski, C. Tucker, B. Ma, B. Mookerjee, C.M. Curtis, B.E. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Spontaneous Tumors in the Sprague-Dawley Rat
Authors: S. W. Thompson, R.A. Huseby, Mary A. Fox, C. L. Davis, R. D. Hunt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Journal Article Spontaneous Tumors in the Sprague-Dawley Rat Get access S. W. Thompson, D.V.M., M.S., S. W. Thompson, D.V.M., M.S. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.A. Huseby, M.D., Ph.D., R.A. Huseby, M.D., Ph.D. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary A. Fox, A.B., Mary A. Fox, A.B. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. L. Davis, D.V.M., C. L. Davis, D.V.M. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. D. Hunt, D.V.M. R. D. Hunt, D.V.M. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 5, November 1961, Pages 1037–1057, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/27.5.1037 Published: 01 November 1961 Article history Received: 11 May 1961 Published: 01 November 1961
Cellular and physiological characterisation of a murine model of long-term pulmonary infection with streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Louise Haste, Kathryn Hulland, Ken McKechnie, Peter Andrew
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and is characterised by long periods of stable symptoms, interspersed with exacerbations. An increase in exacerbation frequency has been associated with pulmonary bacterial colonisation with pathogens e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae. A murine model of pulmonary bacterial colonisation with S. pneumoniae was developed to mimic this low-grade infection.  Inbred mice were intranasally challenged with pneumococci. Bacterial persistence in the lungs, pulmonary cellular inflammation and lung forced manoeuvres were assessed up to 28 days post-infection.  Three distinct phases of infection were observed. At 24 hours post-infection inflammation was predominantly neutrophilic and spanned most areas of the lung. By 7 days post-infection consolidation of airspaces, as well as focal pneumonitis, was observed. Between 14 – 28 days post-infection there was a continuing low-level pneumococcal presence in the lungs, but animals showed no outward signs of disease. At this time, the cellular response was predominantly monocytic, with focal fibroplasia at the airway transitional zones.  Lung function was assessed with a forced manoeuvres system (EMMS). Endpoints measured included; FEV, tidal volume (TV) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). At 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection there was a significant decrease in FEV50 compared to that of naive animals. Significant decreases were seen in TV and PEF between 7 and 28 days post-infection.  A model of long-term pulmonary colonisation with S. pneumoniae has been established that can be used to test hypotheses on the role of infection in COPD.
High completion rates with directly observed preventive treatment (DOPT) of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Ethiopian immigrants (EI) to Israel
Authors: Hashem Bishara, Liora Ore, Najat Armaly, Daniel Weiler Ravell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Previous studies show rates for completion of treatment of LTBI in immigrants from high TB burden countries between 22%-60%. In a study in southern Israel only 16.4% of EI completed their course of treatment. Since all EI in our catchment area were located in absorption centers, we applied DOPT to all. Each patient was examined by a physician once on evaluation and twice for follow up.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-managed, active outreach DOPT program with minimal physician involvement, in a cohort of immigrants from a high TB burden country.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort analysis of 710 medical records of EI at absorption centers in Zefat who had started DOPT for LTBI and were followed up during 2005-2010.

Findings: Forty three individuals were excluded due to translocation during treatment and DOPT was stopped prematurely in 4 women who became pregnant. Of the 663 EIs included (359 males), 628 (94.7%) completed treatment. Of the 35 who failed to complete INH therapy, 23 went on to complete 4 months of Rifampin. Thus 98.0% completed LTBI therapy. Demographic factors did not predict treatment completion; however side effects were significantly (p<0.001) associated with non-completion.

Conclusions: High completion rates for LTBI were attained among EI in absorption centers, through outreach DOPT. Skilled and dedicated nursing made routine physician involvement redundant.

Sponsored by the Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research and by the Israel Lung and Tuberculosis Association.

Part of a Thesis submitted for MPH degree, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel.
HIV infection among tuberculous patients in Morocco
Authors: M Riyad, N Trombati, A Benschekroune, B Charaf, A Nabaoui, Z Bouayad, A Benslimane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Tuberculosis elimination in the countries of Europe and other industrialized countries", we should like to add our experience in screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection among tuberculosis patients.In Morocco, a high incidence of tuberculosis (105 per 100,000) is associated with a low prevalence of HIV infection (1,2,3,4).Therefore, the evaluation of HIV infections in tuberculosis patients appears to be relevant.From 14 March, 1988 to 27 May, 1990 a sample of 997 adult patients suffering from bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis and admitted to the University Hospital of Casablanca, agreed to be screened for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.Three of them (0.3%) were found to be HIV-1 seropositive, whereas no HIV-2 seropositive case was detected.This number is lower than HIV prevalence among tuberculosis cases of other African countries, where HIV infection represents a great public health problem and where the rate can reach 60% [5).Our figure is, however, clearly higher than the degree of HIV seropositivity (0.21 per 1,000) among a sample of 143,802 blood donors screened in Morocco during the same period (4).We do not know whether the tuberculosis cases found in our sample are attributable to HIV infection.We could only infer that HIV-associated tuberculosis is not yet a major public health problem in Casablanca.However, we consider that tuberculosis patients could constitute a valuable sentinel group for an HIV national survey, because Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection has emerged as the strongest risk factor for the progression of latent tuberculosis infection to disease [6].Even in developed countries such as the USA a high prevalence of dual infection has resulted in a high rate of AIDS cases with tuberculosis (7].The situation in Europe should be carefully monitored.