tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choledochal Cyst and Acute Purulent Pericarditis
Authors: Uriel S. Barzel, Richard Friedman, Philip Glotzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

REPORTED below is a case of recurrent choledochal cyst in which acute purulent pericarditis was a major complication.Case ReportM.O. (161780), a 49-year-old woman, was admitted to Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center because of epigastric pain radiating to the back and to both shoulders.At the age of 27 biliary surgery had been performed elsewhere. The records of that operation were not available, but the surgeon, who had since retired, reported from memory that he had excised a choledochal cyst, and that a bile-draining fistula was closed at a 2nd operation a few months later. The patient had been . . .
It's the quality that counts
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Quality, according to Mr Jack Lynch (author of a grammar and style guide on the worldwide web) may well be “the most abused and overused word in business English ….The word is a noun, and means a characteristic or a degree of excellence. Do not use quality as an adjective, as in quality product. Use well made, good, useful, or something similar. Never use as an adverb, as in quality-built product. Perhaps best advice is: never use quality.”

All this is well and good for grammarians and writers. But among the healing professions, especially in places where the buffalo roamed freely when Dr Samuel Johnson already conversed so brilliantly with his illustrious friends at the Turk's Head, …
The influence of physiological matrix conditions on permanent culture of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Carlos O Heras-Bautista, Alisa Katsen-Globa, Nils E Schloerer, Sabine Dieluweit, Osama M Abd El Aziz, Gabriel Peinkofer, Wael A Attia, Markus Khalil, Konrad Brockmeier, Jürgen Hescheler, Kurt Pfannkuche
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
RECOVERY FROM PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS: NOTES ON A CASE TREATED BY FELTON'S SERUM
Authors: J. Mcauley, F. M. Hilliard
Journal: BMJ (1933)

In twenty-two of the twenty-five hay-fever cases tested the blood was deficient in its lytic action on the granules of Phleumt pratense pollen, as compared with normal and other non-hay-fever bloods.This lytic pro- perty originates in the serum, as the chiastic counts demonstrate deficient lysis of the granules with hayfever serum, irrespective of the source of the leucocytes.One non-hay-fever patient (24***) was found to have a high phagocytic index-3.5.This patient presented herself for treatment of recurrent boils of the ears, and was found to be suffering from chronic nephritis, and with a history of cholecystitis.Skin tests to Phleum, Dactylis, and Holcus were negative.It is of interest that this patient stated she is the mother of a hay-fever sufferer; there is no evidence of hay fever or allergy in her family history or in that of her husband.My thanks are due to Dr. John Freeman, Director, Depart- ment of Clinical Bacteriology, St. Mary's Hospital, and other
Decreased release of histamine and sulfidoleukotrienes by human peripheral blood leukocytes after wasp venom immunotherapy is partially due to induction of IL-10 and IFN-γ production of T cells
Authors: Melanie Pierkes, Iris Bellinghausen, Thomas Hultsch, Gudrun Metz, Jürgen Knop, Joachim Saloga
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
THE EFFECT OF X-RAYS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.
Authors: A. G. THOMSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In December, 1895, Professor Röntgen gave to the world his great discovery that an invisible ray, now known as the X-ray, produced by sending a current of electricity through a vacuum tube, had the power of penetrating solid and opaque materials and leaving its impress on a sensitive plate. Aside from its great scientific value, this event marks an epoch in the history of medicine comparable to such discoveries as anesthesia and of antisepsis. Although there are experiments being made throughout the world and apparatus being perfected in every way, the new force, so far as its scientific or practical value is concerned, may be considered in its infancy and, as in the case of the discovery of ether and antisepsis, it has so far given its greatest aid to surgery, yet I am sure it will only be a question of time when, as we gain further knowledge of
Making clinical decisions when the stakes are high and the evidence unclear
Authors: Wendy Hu, Andrew Kemp, Ian Kerridge
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<i>Children with peanut allergy are often provided with adrenaline (epinephrine) in case of a severe reaction. The probability of a life threatening reaction is low, however, and the criteria for provision are controversial. How should the costs and benefits be balanced?</i>
A Dense Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Coating Improves Penetration of Large Polymeric Nanoparticles Within Brain Tissue
Authors: Elizabeth A. Nance, Graeme F. Woodworth, Kurt A. Sailor, Ting-Yu Shih, Qingguo Xu, Ganesh Swaminathan, Dennis Xiang, Charles Eberhart, Justin Hanes
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Nanoparticles densely coated with poly(ethylene glycol) rapidly penetrate within mouse, rat, and human brain parenchyma.
In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to heavy metal salts in the diagnosis of oral mucosal hypersensitivity to amalgam restorations
Authors: K. NORDLIND, S. LIDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The value of lympbocyte reactivity in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to amalgam restorations was studied in a group of patients witb oral mucosal lesions, and in a control group. Heavy metal salts were added to lympbocyte cultures, and lympbocyte proliferation and levels of IL‐2 receptors and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) were determined. After addition of mercuric chloride, a statistically significant increase of IFN‐γ was seen in the patient group, indicating a higher reactivity to this metal salt. Mercuric chloride, nickel sulphate, palladium chloride and zinc chloride all stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, but there was no difference between patients and controls. Nine other metal salts tested did not influence tbe proliferation rate in eitber group. Mercuric chloride, nickel sulphate, and zinc chloride did not have any effect on the level of IL‐2 receptors. Thus, certain functional tests other than crude lympbocyte proliferation may be useful in the diagnosis of amalgam hypersensitivity.
Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ornah T. Dolberg, Schmuel Hirschmann, Leon Grunhaus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to examine the hypnotic effects of slow-release melatonin during the initial 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine in 19 patients with major depressive disorder. METHOD: Twenty-four outpatients with major depressive disorder were included in the study; 19 completed the study. Ten patients were treated with fluoxetine plus slow-release melatonin and nine were given fluoxetine plus placebo in a double-blind protocol for 4 weeks. Response was assessed by using rating scales for depression and sleep. RESULTS: The 10 patients given slow-release melatonin reported significantly better scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index than the nine patients given placebo. No significant differences in the rate of improvement in depressive symptoms were noted between the two groups. No particular side effects were noted from the combination of fluoxetine and slow-release melatonin. CONCLUSIONS: Slow-release melatonin was effective in improving the sleep of patients with major depressive disorder. Slow-release melatonin had no effect on the rate of improvement in symptoms of major depressive disorder. The authors conclude that the role of slow-release melatonin for sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder should be investigated further. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:1119–1121)
Reducing the risk of fractures with calcium and vitamin D
Authors: O. Sahota
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The combination is more effective than vitamin D alone

Conflicting evidence exists on the role of vitamin D, either alone or in combination with calcium, in reducing fractures. Some studies have shown a reduction in the risk of fractures, others have shown no effect, and one recent study found an increased risk of hip fracture.1 The best dose to use, which patients benefit most, and which fractures are most amenable to such treatment remain a clinical dilemma.

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b5463), the DIPART (vitamin D Individual Patient Analysis of Randomized Trials) group reports an individual patient data analysis aimed at identifying factors that influence the efficacy of vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium in reducing fractures. The study also assessed the influence of dosing regimens and the coadministration of calcium. The study looked at seven randomised controlled trials (n=68 517)—six were individually randomised and one was cluster randomised.2 It found that trials using vitamin D (low or high dose) combined with calcium reduced the overall risk of fracture (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.99), but that only low dose (10 μg) vitamin D combined with calcium reduced the risk of hip fracture (0.74, 0.60 to 0.91). They found no …
Bleeding during Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: David C. Sane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Hemorrhage is the major adverse effect of thrombolytic therapy, but its incidence can be reduced by careful selection of patients and avoidance of unnecessary invasive procedures. More than 70% of bleeding episodes occur at vascular puncture sites. Hypofibrinogenemia and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products have been weakly correlated with the risk of hemorrhage. Although depletion of factors V and VIII may occur, the role of such depletion in bleeding is unknown. Several in-vitro studies have shown plasmin-induced platelet dysfunction, but clinical data are limited. Nevertheless, the role of platelet inhibition should be considered because many patients are treated with antiplatelet agents. Most patients who have bleeding can be managed by interruption of thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy, volume replacement, and manual pressure applied to an incompetent vessel. Protamine should be considered if heparin has been administered within 4 hours of the onset of bleeding. In the few patients who fail to respond to these conservative measures, judicious use of transfusion products may be indicated. Transfusion of cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets should be considered with clinical and laboratory reassessment after each administration. A target fibrinogen level of 1 g/L is desirable with cryoprecipitate infusion. Antifibrinolytic agents are available as a last alternative. We have developed an algorithm for using these products.
Liposome co-encapsulation of synergistic combination of irinotecan and doxorubicin for the treatment of intraperitoneally grown ovarian tumor xenograft
Authors: Ishaque M. Shaikh, Kuan-Boone Tan, Anumita Chaudhury, Yuanjie Liu, Bee-Jen Tan, Bernice M.J. Tan, Gigi N.C. Chiu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
PKCζ decreases eNOS protein stability via inhibitory phosphorylation of ERK5
Authors: Patrizia Nigro, Jun-ichi Abe, Chang-Hoon Woo, Kimio Satoh, Carolyn McClain, Michael R. O'Dell, Hakjoo Lee, Jae-Hyang Lim, Jian-dong Li, Kyung-Sun Heo, Keigi Fujiwara, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Blood (2010)
Cryosurgery in Nose and Throat Tumors
Authors: Richard T. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Cryosurgery has been used successfully in treating certain pharyngeal neoplasms which were considered radioresistant and inoperable. There are definite limitations to the effectiveness of the technique and it is not without significant complications. The observation period in most cases has been about three years. The positive results, therefore, are hopefully curative rather than merely palliative.
Driving Hazards From Reflections
Authors: Heinrich Lamm
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Hugh A. Johnson ( 201 :143, 1967) stressed the hazard of blinding reflections from chromiumplated windshield wipers. He is so right, but he didn't go far enough.  The rule should be: There must be no surface within the driver's visual field that can reflect enough light to impair his  It doesn't take the metallic shine of chromium, aluminum, brass, or steel; if you drive toward the sun even the waxed surface of your hood can impair your vision.  There's a lot we can do (and the auto industry should have done) about reflections on fixed objects within the driver's visual field. All should be dull . Hoods, headlights, spokes of steering wheels and horn rings, door handles, all exposed surfaces on dashboards, and above all, the glove compartment door should be made dull and dark, and never mind the beauty of the car! In some cars the
Why is apoptosis important to clinicians?
Authors: C. Haslett
Journal: BMJ (2001)

See Clinical review pp 1525-31 Education and debate pp 1536-40 

Apoptosis—programmed cell death—was discovered in 1972,1 and now that it approaches its 30th birthday its clinical importance is becoming clear. The excitement of apoptosis for doctors lies in the clinical implications of perturbed-restored control of cell number and function through a balance between cell death and cell survival.

Apoptosis may become disrupted in two major ways, and, as predicted over 20 years ago,2 each seems to be associated with different types of disease. Inappropriate activation of the apoptotic process leads to disorders associated with pathological loss of cells—such as the immune defect in AIDS and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast, inadequate apoptosis, leading to inappropriate cell survival, leads to diseases associated with excessive accumulations of cells—such as cancer, chronic inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune diseases.

The defect in immunity associated with AIDS is the result of a profound reduction in the population size of CD4 + T …
THE CULTIVATION OF SPIRILLUM OBERMEIERI.PRELIMINARY NOTE.
Authors: F. G. NOVY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

We have heretofore applied the term<i>Spirillum obermeieri</i>tothe organism isolated by Dr. Charles Norris, from a case of relapsing fever which occurred in New York, in the belief that it was identical with that described by Obermeier in 1873. We will continue to use this term for the present, although, as will be shown, there is reason to believe that the eastern relapsing fever is not identical with the American disease. When further evidence is obtained regarding the non-identity of the organisms found in these regions it may be necessary to restrict the use of the term<i>Spirillum obermeieri</i>to the organism found in the eastern disease. On the other hand, the African relapsing fever, known also as tick fever, has been shown conclusively to be due to a different organism, the<i>Spirillum duttoni</i>. As far as we know, the first observation on this organism was made by Dr.
The Health of the National Health Service — Primary-Health-Care Teams — An Irish Trip
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE second General Election of 1974 has now been fought and won by the Labour Party, and the Queen's speech has been delivered, confirming that the Government intends to pursue many of the plans for nationalization outlined in the Party's manifesto. Nevertheless, although Mrs. Barbara Castle, Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social Security, will introduce a national superannuation bill, there is no direct mention of any new plans for the National Health Service (NHS). It is fortunate, therefore, that the presidents and deans of all Royal Colleges and Faculties in the United Kingdom have sent an . . .
Influence of Oxygen on Hypothermic Cardiac Standstill in the Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: HENRY BADEER
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Administration of pure oxygen to denervated dog heart-lung preparation subjected to hypothermia does not affect the temperature that induces terminal ventricular fibrillation even when the progressive alkalemia that occurs is prevented. It is concluded that hypoxia of the myocardium is not a factor in the terminal cardiac arrest that supervenes in hypothermia of the heart-lung preparation.
Relevance of broad-spectrum and fungicidal activity of antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycoses
Authors: Y.M. CLAYTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Relevance of broad‐spectrum and fungicidal activity of antifungals in the treatment of dermatomycoses Get access Y.M. CLAYTON Y.M. CLAYTON St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Dr Y.M.Clayton, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 &EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue s43, 1 April 1994, Pages 7–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06084.x Published: 01 April 1994
New blueprint puts dementia and better care at heart of NHS
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Young age coupled with a high HIV prevalence among injection drug users (IDUs) and the prevalence of drug use in Eastern Europe can lead from an HIV epidemic concentrated among IDU to a self-sustained heterosexual HIV epidemic. Our objective was to explore the contexts of the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV among IDUs and their sexual partners and to provide insight into beliefs and behaviours related to condom use. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors undertook in-depth qualitative interviews to explore narratives about experience of preventing sexual transmission of HIV among 27 individuals (15 current IDUs and 12 main sexual partners of IDUs) in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. <h3>Results</h3> The safe-sex ‘norm’ was not common and factors that tended to reduce condom use included valuing the relationship above health risks, established gender roles, perceptions that condoms distributed via harm reduction programmes were of low quality and the stigma attached to HIV status disclosure. HIV risk management strategies among participants included consistent condom use and serosorting but were countered by a fatalism that encompassed consciously subjecting oneself to the inevitability of HIV infection in an HIV-discordant sexual partnership. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Qualitative methods can significantly contribute to the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV among and beyond IDUs by improving our understanding of risky behaviours and the reasons for such behaviours that can be incorporated into tailored public health interventions.
Omega-3 Augmentation of Sertraline in Treatment of Depression in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Robert M. Carney, Kenneth E. Freedland, Eugene H. Rubin, Michael W. Rich, Brian C. Steinmeyer, William S. Harris
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Studies of depressed psychiatric patients have shown that antidepressant efficacy can be increased by augmentation with omega-3 fatty acids.To determine whether omega-3 improves the response to sertraline in patients with major depression and coronary heart disease (CHD).Randomized controlled trial. Between May 2005 and December 2008, 122 patients in St Louis, Missouri, with major depression and CHD were randomized.After a 2-week run-in period, all patients were given 50 mg/d of sertraline and randomized in double-blind fashion to receive 2 g/d of omega-3 acid ethyl esters (930 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 750 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) (n=62) or to corn oil placebo capsules (n=60) for 10 weeks.Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D).Adherence to the medication regimen was 97% or more in both groups for both medications. There were no differences in weekly BDI-II scores (treatment x time interaction = 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.33 to 0.36; t(112) = 0.11; P = .91), pre-post BDI-II scores (placebo, 14.8 vs omega-3, 16.1; 95% difference-in-means CI, -4.5 to 2.0; t(116) = -0.77; P = .44), or HAM-D scores (placebo, 9.4 vs omega-3, 9.3; 95% difference-in-means CI, -2.2 to 2.4; t(115) = 0.12; P = .90). The groups did not differ on predefined indicators of depression remission (BDI-II < or = 8: placebo, 27.4% vs omega-3, 28.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.43-2.15; t(113) = -0.11; P = .91) or response (> 50% reduction in BDI-II from baseline: placebo, 49.0% vs omega-3, 47.7%; OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.51-2.19; t(112) = 0.15; P = .88).Treatment of patients with CHD and major depression with sertraline and omega-3 fatty acids did not result in superior depression outcomes at 10 weeks, compared with sertraline and placebo. Whether higher doses of omega-3 or sertraline, a different ratio of EPA to DHA, longer treatment, or omega-3 monotherapy can improve depression in patients with CHD remains to be determined.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116857.
A Comparison of Virtual and Conventional Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Helen M. Fenlon, David P. Nunes, Paul C. Schroy, Matthew A. Barish, Peter D. Clarke, Joseph T. Ferrucci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Virtual colonoscopy is a new method of imaging the colon in which thin-section, helical computed tomography (CT) is used to generate high-resolution, two-dimensional axial images. Three-dimensional images of the colon simulating those obtained with conventional colonoscopy are then reconstructed off-line. We compared the performance of virtual and conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps.We prospectively studied 100 patients at high risk for colorectal neoplasia (60 men and 40 women; mean age, 62 years). We performed virtual colonoscopy immediately before conventional colonoscopy. We inserted a rectal tube and insufflated the colon with air to the maximal level that the patient could tolerate. We administered 1 mg of glucagon intravenously immediately before CT scanning to minimize the degree of smooth-muscle spasm and peristalsis and to reduce the patient's discomfort.The entire colon was clearly seen by virtual colonoscopy in 87 patients and by conventional colonoscopy in 89. Fifty-one patients had normal findings on conventional colonoscopy. In the other 49, we identified a total of 115 polyps and 3 carcinomas. Virtual colonoscopy identified all 3 cancers, 20 of 22 polyps that were 10 mm or more in diameter (91 percent), 33 of 40 that were 6 to 9 mm (82 percent), and 29 of 53 that were 5 mm or smaller (55 percent). There were 19 false positive findings of polyps and no false positive findings of cancer. Of the 69 adenomatous polyps, 46 of the 51 that were 6 mm or more in diameter (90 percent) and 12 of the 18 that were 5 mm or smaller (67 percent) were correctly identified by virtual colonoscopy. Although discomfort was not specifically recorded, none of the patients requested that virtual colonoscopy be stopped because of discomfort or pain.In a group of patients at high risk for colorectal neoplasia, virtual and conventional colonoscopy had similar efficacy for the detection of polyps that were 6 mm or more in diameter.