tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Epidemic in an Eskimo Village Due to Group-B Meningococcus
Authors: Dwayne Reed
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An outbreak due to group-B meningococcus in a large Eskimo village stimulated an epidemiologic study of such an occurrence in an isolated community. All verified cases developed during a three-week period. Throat-culture surveys revealed that nearly 50% of a sample population harbored meningococcus during a nine-week period after the development of the last case. This finding was interpreted as showing that, in a fixed population, the actual development of meningococcal disease is related to factors in the exposed persons rather than to the conditions of exposure.
Hiccup-Induced Atrioventricular Block
Authors: JOHN T. HARRINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A case of intermittent atrioventricular (AV) block with Adams-Stokes attacks induced by sustained hiccups is presented. The attacks were eliminated by stopping the hiccups. The heart block appeared to be caused by increased vagal tone and could be abolished by atropine. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.
Diagnosis of 22 New Cases of Bartonella Endocarditis
Authors: Didier Raoult
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Bartonella species are emerging pathogens that are seldom reported as a cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis. Objective: To report the occurrence of, risk factors for, and clinical features of Bartonella endocarditis and to evaluate the diagnostic tools available for this condition. Design: Case series and comparison with past series. Setting: Multicenter international study in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Lyon, France; and Marseille, France. Patients: 22 patients from France, England, Canada, and South Africa were investigated for blood culture-negative endocarditis. Measurements: Titer of antibodies to Bartonella species by microimmunofluorescence assay, blood or vegetation culture, and amplification of Bartonella DNA from valvular tissue by polymerase chain reaction. Cross-adsorption was done for patients with antibodies to Chlamydia species. Results: 22 patients had definite endocarditis. Five were infected with B. quintana, 4 with B. henselae, and 13 with an undetermined Bartonella species. These cases were compared with the 11 previously reported cases. Of the patients with the newly reported cases, 19 had valvular surgery and 6 died. Nine were homeless, 11 were alcoholic, 4 owned cats, and 13 had preexisting valvular heart disease. Bartonella species caused 3% of the cases of endocarditis seen in the three study centers. The patients with these cases could have previously received a diagnosis of chlamydial endocarditis because of apparently high levels of cross-reacting antibodies to Chlamydia species. Conclusions: Bartonella species are an important cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis and can be identified by culture, serologic studies, or molecular biology techniques. Alcoholism and homelessness without previous valvular heart disease are risk factors for B. quintana infection but not for infection with other Bartonella species.
The influence of some analogues of PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha on ethanol experimental hepatopathy on rats
Authors: Vasilica Matei, Mihai Nechifor, Florea Cocu, Elena Teslariu, Anastasia Gheorghita, Didona Ungureanu, Mihaela Maftei, Cristiana Filip
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Stroke: 100 Maxims
Authors: P. Sandercock
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Frank M Yatsu, James C Grotta, L Creed Pettigrew Edward Arnold, £24.99, pp 178 ISBN 0 340 55254 9

The aim of Stroke: 100 Maxims is to provide a succinct summary of the most up to date thinking on stroke, expressed as a series of assertions. Stroke is now a rapidly changing subject; randomised trials and meta-analyses of completed trials are beginning to topple some long cherished, but mistaken, beliefs, and there is a need for a short, readable book to summarise the key points of current diagnosis and management. The …
Depression in Medical Students
Authors: Joseph M. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have a problem with the report by Drs Clark and Zeldow<sup>1</sup>on the frequency and importance of depressed mood among medical students. What is depression? What is self-esteem? To clarify these constructs, specific measures are needed that unfortunately do not exist. Although we do not routinely use their measure of depressed mood (the Beck Depression Inventory), in the one study<sup>2</sup>(n = 140) where we did use it, we found that it was highly correlated with a measure of self-esteem (<i>r</i>=.77). Furthermore, when items from both measures were combined and factor analyzed, the single dimension that emerged included six items from self-esteem and seven from the Beck Depression Inventory. There-fore, the Beck Depression Inventory results do not distinguish between depressed mood and self-esteem. But terminology is not the point of this letter. The model of medical students' self-concept that we have developed and use
Abstract P6-09-01: Central Ki67 analysis as a predictor for adjuvant capecitabine efficacy in early breast cancer (EBC) subtypes in US oncology trial 01062
Authors: J O'Shaughnessy, H Koeppen, M Crockett, M Lackner, JM Spoerke, T Wilson, MK Levin, J Pippen, D Paul, C Stokoe, J Blum, FA Holmes, DL Lindquist, L Krekow, SJ Vukelja, S Sedlacek, R Rivera, RJ Brooks, KJ McIntyre, JE Schwartz, S Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: USON 01062 (O’Shaughnessy J, et al. Proc SABCS, 2010, abst S4-2) showed no improvement in the primary endpoint of disease-free survival (DFS) (median FU 5 yrs: HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.67-1.05; p = 0.125) with the addition of capecitabine (X) to standard adjuvant chemotherapy, but showed improvement in OS (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.92; p = 0.011). Exploratory analysis of local pathology-assessed Ki67 suggested benefit from adjuvant X in pts with more highly proliferative cancers with Ki67 ≥ 10% (Pippen J et al. Proc ASCO, 2011, abst 500). The objective of this study is to determine whether centrally-performed Ki67 IHC results corroborate or refute this finding. Methods: 2610 pts with resected high risk EBC were randomized to receive 4 cycles of AC (doxorubicin 60mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2) IV every 3 wks for 4 cycles followed by either docetaxel 100mg/m2 IV or docetaxel 75mg/m2 IV plus X 825mg/m2 PO bid for 14 days every 3 wks for 4 cycles. Archival primary breast cancer tissue was collected on 2000 pts for predictive biomarker analyses. Central Ki67 IHC was performed using the anti-Ki67 monoclonal antibody SP6 and was read by one pathologist (HK) according to published recommendations (Dowsett M, et al. JNCI 103:1-9, 2011). Results: Central Ki67 IHC has been performed on 1440 pts who had centrally-validated informed consents. The distribution of% Ki67-positive cells by locally-assessed ER/HER2 subtype is shown below. 45% of HR+ HER2- BCs had a Ki67 ≤ 10%, while 24% had a Ki67 11% to 20%, and 31% had a Ki67 &amp;gt; 20%. The concordance between the local vs central Ki67 results was low at 46% for Ki67 &amp;lt;10%, 49% for Ki67 10%-20%, and 76% for Ki67 &amp;gt; 20%. The central Ki67 results tended to be higher than the local testing results. Central mRNA classifiers were developed for ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 using Fluidigm Microfluidics Dynamic Arrays and correlate highly with central IHC assessment of these markers. Conclusions: HR+ HER2- EBC is enriched for cancers with a low proliferative rate, a group of pts unlikely to benefit from the cell cycle-specific cytotoxic agent, capecitabine. Analyses of the impact of adjuvant X added to AC/T in EBC pts according to ER status, and according to Ki67 (analyzed as a binary and continuous variable) will be performed prior to SABCS, 2013. Number of Patients% Ki67 Pos CellsTotal *HR+TNHER2+/HR+HER2+/ HR-0-104163622222711-151391066151016-20126871615821-3018411539201031-1005751403423555Total144081042510790*Totals do not equal sum of subtype categories due to missing HER2 information Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-09-01.
Does Antithrombotic Therapy Influence Residual Thrombus After Thrombolysis of Platelet-Rich Thrombus?
Authors: Jozef S. Mruk, Pierre Zoldhelyi, Mark W.I. Webster, Magda Heras, Diane E. Grill, David R. Holmes, Valentin Fuster, James H. Chesebro
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Thrombolysis to normal flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction preserves left ventricular function and decreases mortality. Failure of early reperfusion, reocclusion, or residual thrombus may be due to concurrent activation of the platelet-coagulation system. Thus, we hypothesized that the best concomitant antithrombotic therapy (recombinant [r]-hirudin, heparin, or aspirin) will maximally accelerate thrombolysis by r–tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) and reduce residual thrombus. Methods and Results Occlusive thrombi were formed in the carotid arteries of 29 pigs (by balloon dilatation followed by endarterectomy at the site of injury-induced vasospasm) and matured for 30 minutes before rTPA was started, with or without antithrombotic therapy. Thrombolysis was assessed with the use of angiography and measurement of residual thrombus. Pigs were allocated to one of five treatments: placebo, rTPA, rTPA plus r-hirudin, rTPA plus heparin, or rTPA plus intravenous aspirin. No placebo-treated pig reperfused. Two of six animals treated with rTPA alone reperfused compared with seven of seven animals treated with rTPA plus r-hirudin (reperfusion time, 33±10 minutes), six of seven animals treated with rTPA plus heparin (reperfusion time, 110±31 minutes), and two of six animals with rTPA plus aspirin. The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in only the rTPA plus r-hirudin group (25±0.1 times baseline) and the rTPA plus heparin group (5.3±0.2 times baseline). Residual 111 In-platelet and 125 I-fibrin(ogen) depositions were lower in the heparin-treated group and lowest in the r-hirudin–treated group (heparin versus hirudin, respectively; incidence of residual macroscopic thrombus was six of six animals versus two of seven [ P =.01]; 125 I-fibrin(ogen), 170±76 versus 48±6 ×10 6 molecules/cm 2 [ P =.02]; 111 In-platelets, 47±15 versus 13±2 ×10 6 /cm 2 , P =.10). No pigs developed spontaneous bleeding. Conclusions Thrombin inhibition with heparin or r-hirudin significantly accelerated thrombolysis of occlusive platelet-rich thrombosis, but only the best antithrombotic therapy (r-hirudin) eliminated or nearly eliminated residual thrombus.
The effects of sirolimus-eluting stents on in-stent and peri-stent restenosis: An angiographic subanalysis from the SIRIUS trial
Authors: Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey J. Popma, Steven Yakubov, William Bachinsky, Paul S. Teirstein, Tim A. Fischell, Lowell Satler, Mark Reisman, Jeffrey W. Moses
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Ebola is diagnosed in traveler to US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A man who flew from west Africa to visit family in the United States has been diagnosed with the Ebola virus, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Tuesday 30 September.

In a press briefing Tom Frieden, CDC director, said he was confident that the US medical and public health system would be able to limit the spread of the deadly virus, which has killed more than 3000 people in an ongoing epidemic in west Africa.

“I have no doubt that we will control this case of Ebola in this country,” Frieden said. “It is certainly possible that someone who had contact with this individual, a family member or other individual, could develop …
Hepatitis C: The clinical spectrum of disease
Authors: J H Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute hepatitis, 70% of chronic hepatitis, and 30% of end-stage liver disease in the United States. The acute infection has an incubation period of 7 weeks (range, 4-20 weeks) and is symptomatic and icteric in only one third of patients. Serum aminotransferase levels generally increase greater than 10-fold elevated and as symptoms and signs resolve decrease into the normal range. Antibody to HCV is usually but not always present at the time of onset of symptoms. HCV RNA appears in the serum early during the incubation period, increases in titer and peaks at the time of symptoms, and then disappears in resolving disease. Importantly, 85% of patients with acute HCV infection develop chronic infection. In these patients, HCV RNA remains present and in approximately two thirds of patients, aminotransferases remain elevated in the range of 1.5- to 10-fold the upper limit of normal. The course of chronic hepatitis C is variable. Probably fewer than 20% of patients have symptoms and they are usually intermittent, vague, and nonspecific, largely being malaise and easy fatiguability. A small percentage of patients develop extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C, including cryoglobulinemia and glomerulonephritis. It is estimated that 20% to 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C develop cirrhosis, but the process is generally slow and insidious. Once cirrhosis develops, symptoms are more common and the signs of end-stage liver disease can appear with jaundice, weakness, wasting, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with cirrhosis are also at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, this important liver disease has protean manifestations but is often insidious and can lead to end-stage liver disease despite the presence of few symptoms and signs of illness.
[377] JunD COOPERATES WITH p65 TO ACTIVATE THE CYCLIN D1 PROMOTER DURING THE SERUM-INDUCED PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE: ROLE OF PI3KINASE/PDK1
Authors: K. Toualbi, F. Daniel, M.C. Giiller, T.L. Mauriz, A. Legrand, D. Bernuau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
&amp;ldquo;NO CULPRIT&amp;rdquo; ST-ELEVATION INFARCTION: ROLE OF CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN ESTABLISHING A DEFINITIVE ETIOLOGY
Authors: Madeline Stark, Robert Schwartz, John Lesser, Scott Sharkey, Ross Garberich, Christopher Solie, Terrence Longe, David Larson, Timothy Henry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Circulating immune complexes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: G S Panayi, J Slaney, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

EDTA plasma samples from 13 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were fractionated on Sephadex G-200 and the quantities of C3 and IgG within the first protein peak determined by a sensitive haemagglutination-inhibition assay. Seven patients with AS had G3 detectable in the first peak and this was associated with an increased concentration of IgG in the corresponding fraction. These 7 patients had more active disease but did not have more peripheral arthritis. Our results indicate that circulating immune complexes capable of initiating complement activation are present in the circulation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Doctors suggest ways to save the NHS 20bn
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Leading clinicians have pooled their thoughts on how the NHS can start to save billions of pounds.

Their ideas, some of them controversial, are set out in a report published by the NHS Confederation on 15 December to help the government deliver £20bn (€23.4bn; $31.7bn) efficiency savings.

Top neurosurgeons say the rules that mean costly surgical instruments are used just once to avert Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) infections are not justified by evidence and should be scrapped.

They also question whether spinal implants, costing up to £10 000 are “necessary at all” and claim the European Working Time Directive is a “major cause of waste and chaotic practices” restricting consultants’ availability for daytime work.

Other remedies proposed by clinicians that could apply to the NHS as a whole include: cutting out unnecessary procedures; reducing variations in practice; discharging patients more quickly from hospital care; more effective referrals to specialists from GPs; more efficient use of operating theatres; and best practice use of multidisciplinary …
Mesoporous Silica‐Coated Plasmonic Nanostructures for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Jianping Yang, Dengke Shen, Lei Zhou, Wei Li, Jianwei Fan, Ahmed Mohamed El‐Toni, Wei‐xian Zhang, Fan Zhang, Dongyuan Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The design and fabrication of core–shell and yolk–shell nanostructures with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐active center protected by permeable mesoporous channels can raise the new vitality into the catalysis and biological applications. Hybrid plasmonic‐mesoporous silica nanocarriers consisting of Ag and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles are fabricated through spatially confined galvanic replacement approach. The plasmonic absorption peaks can be finely controlled to the near‐infrared (NIR) region (500–790 nm) that is beneficial for tissue transmittance. The mesoporous silica shell facilitates also protection of Au–Ag cores and affords the channels between the exterior and interior capsule environments, thereby endowing the multiple applications. In the present work, it is successfully demonstrated that mesoporous silica‐coated Au–Ag alloy core–shell and yolk–shell nanocarriers can serve as good substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The SERS signal intensities of nanocarriers are highly dependent on the SPR peaks and the contents of gold. Simultaneously, the synthesized Au‐Ag@mSiO 2 nanocarriers with SPR peak at ≈790 nm can be applied in NIR‐sensitive SERS detection and photothermal therapy.
The Costs of Health Care Administration in the United States and Canada — Questionable Answers to a Questionable Question
Authors: Henry J. Aaron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Since 1986, Woolhandler and Himmelstein, alone or with others, have written a series of articles that follow a simple template.15 In them, the authors measure the administrative costs of the U.S. and Canadian health care systems, subtract the second from the first, and note the difference. This issue of the Journal contains another article in the series.6 The authors report that the difference between the United States and Canada in outlays for health care administration seems to be increasing. Others have provided alternative estimates of administrative costs in the United States and elsewhere.79 This literature has been motivated, . . .
Danazol for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Geoffrey Chan, Gina DiVenuti, Kenneth Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Thrombocytopenia is a poor prognostic indicator in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Treatment options for patients with symptomatic thrombocytopenia are limited. Danazol, an attenuated androgen, may have some efficacy in increasing the platelet count of patients with MDS. We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with primary MDS who were treated with danazol for 6 or more weeks. After 6 weeks on danazol, the mean platelet count increased from 42 x 10(9)/L to 60 x 10(9)/L (P < 0.015), and 25 out of 33 patients (76%) had an increase in their platelet counts. Following 12 weeks of treatment, the mean platelet count increased to 67 x 10(9)/L (P < 0.005), and 21 out of 29 patients (72%) had an increase in their platelet counts. Seven out of nine patients no longer required platelet transfusions because bleeding stopped after 6 weeks on danazol. Mean duration of response was 10 months (range 2-68 months). Responses were seen in all French-American-British (FAB) subtypes and in all International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores. Therapy was well tolerated. Danazol may be effective in MDS patients who are thrombocytopenic.
Myocardial composition and function in diabetes. The effects of chronic insulin use.
Authors: T J Regan, C F Wu, C K Yeh, H A Oldewurtel, B Haider
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

This study was undertaken in an animal model of mild diabetes to determine if provision of chronic insulin replacement during postprandial hyperglycemia may modify the abnormalities of myocardium. Group 1 served as controls with normal glucose tolerance by intravenous testing. Two additional groups were made diabetic with low doses of alloxan. Diabetic animals of Group 2 were untreated (n = 6). Group 3 animals (n = 6) received regular insulin daily to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. After one year with maintained body weight, the animals were studied in the intact anesthetized state using the indicator dilution technique for left ventricular volume determinations. Basal left ventricular function and contractility were similar to normals in both diabetic groups. During intraventricular infusion of saline, end-diastolic pressure rose to higher levels in untreated diabetes (14.8 +/- 2 mm Hg) than normals (8.8 +/- 0.84), despite similar basal levels. Insulin treatment was associated with higher filling pressures than in group 1 as well as reduced end-diastolic volume response. Collagen concentrations were enhanced an average of 50% in layers from the inner to outer myocardium in both untreated and treated diabetics, associated with sodium and water accumulation. Since hypertrophy was not present, the diminished compliance appeared related to increased collagen levels. On electron microscopy, the subcellular organelles of the cardiac cell appeared normal in both diabetic groups. Thus, collagen accumulation and abnormal myocardial function in this model of diabetes is not affected by control of postprandial hyperglycemia, but a potential role for sustained hormone replacement is not excluded.
Virus-mediated modulation of the host endocrine signaling systems: clinical implications
Authors: Tomoshige Kino, George P. Chrousos
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2007)

Viruses, which are among the simplest infective pathogens, can produce characteristic endocrine manifestations in infected patients. In addition to the classic modification of the host endocrine system by either direct or indirect destruction of the endocrine organs and/or effects exerted by systemic production of inflammatory and/or stress mediators, recent progress in molecular virology and endocrinology has revealed that virus-encoded molecules might alter the host endocrine-signaling systems by affecting extracellular and/or intracellular signal transduction and hormone sensitivity of host target tissues. Here, we provide a brief overview of such viral-mediated modulation of host endocrine signaling systems. We propose that virus-encoded molecules and the signaling systems they influence are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of disorders that are associated with some viral infections. Viruses, which are among the simplest infective pathogens, can produce characteristic endocrine manifestations in infected patients. In addition to the classic modification of the host endocrine system by either direct or indirect destruction of the endocrine organs and/or effects exerted by systemic production of inflammatory and/or stress mediators, recent progress in molecular virology and endocrinology has revealed that virus-encoded molecules might alter the host endocrine-signaling systems by affecting extracellular and/or intracellular signal transduction and hormone sensitivity of host target tissues. Here, we provide a brief overview of such viral-mediated modulation of host endocrine signaling systems. We propose that virus-encoded molecules and the signaling systems they influence are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of disorders that are associated with some viral infections.