tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of Ezrin Phosphorylation Prevents Metastasis and Alters Cellular Metabolism in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ling Ren, Sung-Hyeok Hong, Qing-Rong Chen, Joseph Briggs, Jessica Cassavaugh, Satish Srinivasan, Michael M. Lizardo, Arnulfo Mendoza, Ashley Y. Xia, Narayan Avadhani, Javed Khan, Chand Khanna
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Ezrin links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton where it plays a pivotal role in the metastatic progression of several human cancers; however, the precise mechanistic basis for its role remains unknown. Here, we define transitions between active (phosphorylated open) and inactive (dephosphorylated closed) forms of Ezrin that occur during metastatic progression in osteosarcoma. In our evaluation of these conformations we expressed C-terminal mutant forms of Ezrin that are open (phosphomimetic T567D) or closed (phosphodeficient T567A) and compared their biologic characteristics to full-length wild-type Ezrin in osteosarcoma cells. Unexpectedly, cells expressing open, active Ezrin could form neither primary orthotopic tumors nor lung metastases. In contrast, cells expressing closed, inactive Ezrin were also deficient in metastasis but were unaffected in their capacity for primary tumor growth. By imaging single metastatic cells in the lung, we found that cells expressing either open or closed Ezrin displayed increased levels of apoptosis early after their arrival in the lung. Gene expression analysis suggested dysregulation of genes that are functionally linked to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In particular, cells expressing closed, inactive Ezrin exhibited reduced lactate production and basal or ATP-dependent oxygen consumption. Collectively, our results suggest that dynamic regulation of Ezrin phosphorylation at amino acid T567 that controls structural transitions of this protein plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis, possibly in part by altering cellular metabolism.
Leeds students were angry with the university, not each other
Authors: S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--In Luisa Dillner's news item about the medical students in Leeds who had to resit a multiple choice paper in their final examinations, Frances Ledgard, the university's information officer, is quoted as saying, “The students…are angry and upset with each other--those that had seen the paper were cross …
Comparison of biomaterial delivery vehicles for improving acute retention of stem cells in the infarcted heart
Authors: Ellen T. Roche, Conn L. Hastings, Sarah A. Lewin, Dmitry E. Shvartsman, Yevgeny Brudno, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Fergal J. O'Brien, Conor J. Walsh, Garry P. Duffy, David J. Mooney
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Computer-Assisted Two-dimensional Analysis of Gastric Mucosal Hemoglobin Distribution using Electronic Endoscopy
Authors: N. Sato, S. Tsuji, S. Kawano, N. Hayashi, M. Tsujii, Y. Ishigami, T. Ogihara, K. Nagano, T. Kamada
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

An electronic endoscope was modified to assess the imaging of two-dimensional distribution of gastrointestinal mucosal hemoglobin with the aid of a computer and image analyzing system. The band-pass filters ranging from 530-470 nm (G'), and 770-830 nm (IR) replaced ordinary filters in a conventional electronic endoscope (Olmpus V-10 or EVIS-200). As the hemoglobin is the most abundant biological pigment in the gastrointestinal mucosa absorbing the green light with little absorption in the infrared region, we used the algorithm of 32{log2 (Vir/Vg)} as a reflection of hemoglobin content in the surface mucosa. The algorithm had a good correlation with the spectrophotometrically measured hemoglobin concentration. The mucosal distribution of hemoglobin was displayed in patients with gastric ulcer. In conclusion, the computer and image analyzing system were successfully applied in an attempt to determine gastric mucosal hemoglobin content and its distribution. The possible applications of computers in endoscopic image analysis are discussed.
Fragmentation of gallstones using extracorporeal shock waves: Anin Vitro study
Authors: Roland Schachler, Tilman Sauerbruch, Ulrich Wosiewitz, Joseph Holl, Dietbert Hahn, Roland Denk, Michael Neubrand, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Eighty in vitro experiments were performed with single (n = 51) or multiple (n = 29) gallstones in order to find out which parameters are of prime importance for their disintegration by extracorporeal shock waves. A Dornier lithotripter and an upper limit of 1,500 discharges were employed. Although computed tomography density was significantly lower in cholesterol stones than in the noncholesterol stones (p &lt; 0.0001) and although the latter were significantly more often radiopaque (p &lt; 0.0001), we found no clear-cut correlation between the cholesterol content or computed tomography density and the degree of fragmentation of the stones. The most important variable which limited successful disintegration was the total stone volume. In stones with a mean total volume of 0.83 ml ± 0.25 S.E. (diameter for single stones = 11.5 ± 0.9 mm), none of the fragments exceeded 2 mm, whereas in stones with a mean volume of 3.6 ml ± 0.64 (diameter = 17.2 ± 1.5 mm) at least one fragment larger than 2 mm remained (p &lt; 0.002). Under the in vitro conditions, fragmentation was similar in multiple and solitary stones, provided the volume of the stones was comparable. These data show that, in general, the number and size of the stones, i.e. their total volume, and much less significantly their chemical composition are the major determinants of fragmentation by extracorporeal shock waves.
Computed Tomographic Premedication in Children-Reply
Authors: Allen A. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our article did not suggest that appropriate use of sedation before a CT scan be discouraged, and we agree that such a conclusion should not be inferred from our data. We also agree with Drs Sander and Lo that children must be carefully observed after routine sedation. The complication rate reported by Drs Sander and Lo cannot be compared to the rate that we reported from the Pediatric Drug Surveillance Program.<sup>1</sup>This program, which has as a major objective the detection, description, and quantification of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized children, uses trained nurses to monitor in detail the hospital courses of patients and to collect information, in a standardized format, regarding a wide range of adverse reactions. It is unclear how Drs Sander and Lo identified the reactions they report, but it must be emphasized that the method of detection will bear substantially on the findings.
ACUTE EDEMA OF THE LARYNX COMPLICATING MEASLES
Authors: Kenneth S. Oliver
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Acute edema of the glottis occurring during measles is mentioned as a rare complication by several authors. Barnhill 1 states that  edema of the larynx sometimes follows or accompanies the worst types of exanthems. Coakley 2 lists measles as one of the causes of edema of the larynx. Morse 3 states that severe inflammation of the larynx is an occasional complication of this disease in children. Scheppegrell 4 states that acute laryngitis is sometimes simulated by the initial stage of an attack of measles. This may become so severe that a tracheotomy is required to relieve the danger of suffocation. As the edema of the larynx is usually relieved by the development of the rash, the operation should be deferred as long as possible and if necessary intubation given the preference.  REPORT OF CASES  Last winter we saw three cases of  edema of the larynx as a serious
Instantaneous transmitral blood flow and anterior mitral leaflet motion in man.
Authors: S L Laiken, A D Johnson, V Bhargava, P Rigo
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Transmitral blood flow was measured in man by numerical differentiation of left ventricular volume as a function of time in 11 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Using this technique, transmitral blood flow may be studied in a variety of pathologic states without the need for surgically introduced flowmeters. Just before left ventriculography, echocardiography of the mitral valve was performed. The pattern of transmitral blood flow was strikingly similar to the diastolic movement of the anterior mitral leaflet. At any equivalent diastolic filling time, the percent of the integrated area beneath the curve inscribed by the diastolic anterior mirtal leaflet echoes closely approximated the percent of stroke volume which had entered the left ventricle. This observation supports the hypothesis that mitral leaflet motion accurately reflects transmitral flow. Consequently, at a given time during diastole, the relative velocity of transmitral flow and the percent of the stroke volume which has entered the left ventricle may be approximated noninvasively from the anterior mitral leaflet echogram.
Pandemic risks from bird flu
Authors: W. S Barclay
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The risk to humans is small, but we need to be better prepared 

An outbreak of avian influenza is ravaging the poultry industry in South East Asia. This carries a devastating economic toll for the communities affected, but what of the associated risk to human health? At least seven people in Vietnam have been infected by the strain of H5N1 subtype influenza found in poultry. Of these six are dead. In Thailand three boys contracted the virus; two are dead. These numbers are small, and investigations and case studies so far suggest that the virus does not transmit from human to human but is acquired directly from close contact with infected chickens. How likely is it that these events signify the emergence of a new human pandemic, and what measures do we have to deal with the global threat?

Although we think of influenza as a human disease, the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses is aquatic birds and wildfowl. Many different strains circulate at any one time, and most are not associated with disease in wild birds. Influenza strains …
Improved diagnostic performance on the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy with body surface mapping.
Authors: M Yamaki, K Ikeda, I Kubota, K Nakamura, K Hanashima, K Tsuiki, S Yasui
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To improve the diagnostic usefulness of electrocardiography (ECG) in determining the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with body surface mapping, 87 unipolar ECGs were recorded from 57 patients with left ventricular (LV) concentric hypertrophy and 30 with LV dilatation. Body surface ECG features due to LVH were evaluated by increase of QRS voltage and delayed local activation. We measured for each lead R voltage, net area of QRS (AQRS), ventricular activation time (VAT), and departure index (DI) of AQRS and VAT (DI = mean/SD). From these measurements, seven parameters were calculated for each patient: Rmax, the maximal R wave voltage; AQRSmax, the maximal AQRS; AQRS-Dmax, the maximal AQRS DI; AQRS-Darea, the area size where DIs of AQRS are more than 2; VATmax, the maximal VAT; VAT-Dmax, the maximal VAT DI; and VAT-Darea, the area size where DIs of VAT are more than 2. Among these parameters, the most effective for diagnosis of LVH were selected by stepwise multiple regression analysis. In the concentric hypertrophy group, the combination of VAT-Darea and Rmax was determined to be the best for estimating wall thickness. The regression equation determined from them correlated well to wall thickness (r = 0.73). In the LV dilatation hypertrophy group, only AQRSmax was selected for estimating LV dilatation. A good correlation between AQRSmax and LV internal dimension was observed (r = 0.73). With the body surface distribution of VAT prolongation, septal hypertrophy was separated from the other LVH. These were superior to the conventional method of 12-lead ECGs. ECG diagnosis of LVH severity improved by incorporating a mapping study. Also, prolongation of VAT and increase in QRS voltage were shown to be important when determining the severity of LVH.
Who Is Buying Bioethics Research?
Authors: Richard R. Sharp, Angela L. Scott, David C. Landy, Laura A. Kicklighter
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Growing ties to private industry have prompted many to question the impartiality of academic bioethicists who receive financial support from for-profit corporations in exchange for ethics-related services and research. To the extent that corporate sponsors may view bioethics as little more than a way to strengthen public relations or avoid potential controversy, close ties to industry may pose serious threats to professional independence. New sources of support from private industry may also divert bioethicists from pursuing topics of greater social importance, such as the needs of medically underserved communities. To inform ongoing debates about the financing of bioethics and its transparency to those concerned about potential sources of bias, we examined funding disclosures appearing in original research reports in major bioethics journals. Reviewing research published over a 15-year period, we found little evidence that for-profit corporations are influencing bioethics research directly. Instead, we found evidence that a great number of organizations, both public and private, support bioethics research. These findings suggest that worries about the cooption of bioethics research by a few interested stakeholders are greatly overstated and undersupported by available data.
SUBSTITUTE FOR THE MERCURIAL SPINAL MANOMETER
Authors: G. J. Vischi
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The importance of estimating accurately the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid at lumbar puncture by means of a mercurial instrument has received increasing attention during the past decade. It is now recognized as the only safe method of controlling the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid during therapeutic drainage. Not more cerebrospinal fluid should be removed than will lower the pressure by one half; in this manner, there is no danger of lowering the spinal pressure to a degree that might precipitate medullary complications in the presence of high intracranial pressure. Many general practitioners are desirous frequently of making special tests, but they are often handicapped for the lack of the special instruments used ordinarily by the specialists; the spinal mercurial manometer is such an instrument, but I find that in its place an ordinary mercurial sphygmomanometer used for blood pressure readings can very easily be substituted and most
Urinary Tract Calculi
Authors: WILLIAM C. THOMAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

ExcerptAn international symposium on research in renal stone formation was held in Leeds, England, on April 17 to 20, 1968. Investigators from 8 countries presented 34 papers, each of which was followed by informal discussion. Certain aspects of calculus formation emphasized during this symposium will be of interest to physicians generally.Analyses of bladder calculi from children in Southeast Asia reveal these stones to be composed largely of a mixture of calcium oxalate and either uric acid or urates. A 200-year-old collection of bladder stones from children and adults in England has also been recently analyzed, and the composition of...
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF INSULIN IN THIN PERSONS
Authors: HARRY BLOTNER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Since its discovery, insulin has been employed as a therapeutic agent in a variety of miscellaneous disorders. Favorable results from its use have been reported, for example, in such apparently divergent conditions as cardiac decompensation,<sup>1</sup>scleroderma,<sup>2</sup>cancer,<sup>3</sup>toxemia of pregnancy,<sup>4</sup>certain types of uterine hemorrhages,<sup>5</sup>morphinism,<sup>6</sup>tuberculosis,<sup>7</sup>to make premature infants gain weight,<sup>8</sup>peptic ulcer,<sup>9</sup>neurosis,<sup>10</sup>hyperthyroidism,<sup>11</sup>rickets,<sup>12</sup>pellagra,<sup>13</sup>chronic ulcers and circulatory disturbances of the extremities,<sup>14</sup>and even to hasten the healing of experimental fractures.<sup>15</sup>But, next to its value in the treatment of diabetes, insulin appears to have its greatest practical usefulness in the treatment of nondiabetic malnutrition. American pediatricians were the first to use the drug for this purpose. In 1923, Pitfield<sup>16</sup>injected 1 unit of insulin a day in two patients with infantile inanition, with a resulting gain in weight.
Developmental Neurotoxicants in E-Waste: An Emerging Health Concern
Authors: Aimin Chen, Kim N. Dietrich, Xia Huo, Shuk-mei Ho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Electronic waste (e-waste) has been an emerging environmental health issue in both developed and developing countries, but its current management practice may result in unintended developmental neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations. To provide updated information about the scope of the issue, presence of known and suspected neurotoxicants, toxicologic mechanisms, and current data gaps, we conducted this literature review.We reviewed original articles and review papers in PubMed and Web of Science regarding e-waste toxicants and their potential developmental neurotoxicity. We also searched published reports of intergovernmental and governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations on e-waste production and management practice.We focused on the potential exposure to e-waste toxicants in vulnerable populations-that is, pregnant women and developing children-and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In addition, we summarize experimental evidence of developmental neurotoxicity and mechanisms.In developing countries where most informal and primitive e-waste recycling occurs, environmental exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is prevalent at high concentrations in pregnant women and young children. Developmental neurotoxicity is a serious concern in these regions, but human studies of adverse effects and potential mechanisms are scarce. The unprecedented mixture of exposure to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants warrants further studies and necessitates effective pollution control measures.Pregnant women and young children living close to informal e-waste recycling sites are at risk of possible perturbations of fetus and child neurodevelopment.
Painful Neuropathy and Foot Ulceration in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Aristidis Veves, Christos Manes, Heather J Murray, Matthew J Young, Andrew J Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To examine the prevalence of painful symptoms in neuropathic patients with or without foot ulceration. It has been suggested that there are two clinical presentations of sensory diabetic neuropathy with little overlap: painful (acute or chronic) and painless with recurrent foot ulceration.We examined three groups of diabetic patients matched for age and duration of diabetes--24 without neuropathy on clinical grounds (mean age 56.1 yr [range 38-76 yr], diabetes duration 12.6 yr [0.4-40 yr]), 30 with neuropathy (mean age 55.3 yr [range 21-73 yr], diabetes duration 17.3 yr [range 0.2-61 yr]), and 40 with neuropathic foot ulceration (mean age 58.1 yr [range 41-72 yr], diabetes duration 18.5 yr [range 1-46 yr])--and compared them with 20 healthy subjects (mean age 50 yr [range 37-69 yr]). For evaluation of neuropathy, the neuropathy symptom score, neuropathy disability score, and vibration perception threshold were measured.No difference existed between the neuropathic and foot ulcer groups in the neuropathy symptom score (4.2 +/- 3.9 [mean +/- SD] vs. 2.5 +/- 2.1, NS) and neuropathy disability score (15.1 +/- 5.7 vs. 16.8 +/- 6.1, NS), but the vibration perception threshold was lower in the neuropathic group (30.1 +/- 13.4 vs. 40.5 +/- 13.8 V, P < 0.001). Painful symptoms (neuropathy symptom score > 3), either in the past or during the time the study was conducted, had been experienced by none of the control subjects, 7 (29%) of the nonneuropathic group, 18 (60%) of the neuropathic group, and 17 (43%) of the foot ulcer group (NS for the last two groups), and were present at the time of examination in 13 (43%) of the neuropathic group and in 13 (33%) of the foot ulcer group (NS in all groups). Duration of symptoms was < 12 mo in 12 (40%) neuropathic and 15 (38%) foot ulcer patients (NS).We conclude that painful symptoms are frequent in diabetic neuropathy, irrespective of the presence or absence of foot ulceration and that these symptoms can occur at any stage of the disease. These results suggest that there is a spectrum of neuropathic syndromes from the painful to the patients with foot ulceration, and that much overlap exists.
Phytohaemagglutinin‐Induced Leukocyte Migration Inhibition and Phytohaemagglutinin Skin Test for Screening the Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in Children
Authors: R. Szigeti, J. Bókay, T. Reéesz, D. Schuler
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Phytohaemagglutinin-induced leukocyte migration inhibition was studied in 72 children and compared with phytohaemagglutinin skin testing. The methods were used for screening the cell-mediated immune response. The in vitro method, which requires only 10-15% of the number of migrating cells as compared with other migration techniques, proved to be more sensitive, but gave some false-positive results when compared with other immunological parameters. Nevertheless, application of the microdroplet leukocyte migration is advantageous, used either simultaneously with the skin test, or as a single screening method in prematures, mature newborns and young infants, where application and/or evaluation of the skin tests is difficult.
New EU tobacco legislation is delayed after health commissioner resigns amid claims of knowledge of bribery attempt
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Serious doubt is being cast on the European Commission’s determination to tighten existing tobacco legislation after the unexpected resignation on 16 October of the health commissioner, John Dalli.

The commission’s president, Jose Manuel Barroso, pressed the Maltese commissioner to resign after an investigation by the European Union’s antifraud office into allegations that he was aware of an attempt at bribery, which Dalli strongly rejects.

The allegations are based on a claim that a Maltese business acquaintance of Dalli asked Swedish Match, which manufactures snus, a tobacco product that is chewed in the mouth and is legal in Sweden but not elsewhere in the EU, for €60m (£49m; $78m) to help get the EU-wide ban …
LACTIC ACID IN GONORRHEA.
Authors: SWITHIN CHANDLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

One must realize that one of the many unpleasant sequences so often following a gonorrhea in the female is a cervical infection, accompanied by an irritating and disagreeable discharge. Again, when it has been estimated that 50 per cent. of all pelvic disorders, in the female are due to gonorrheal infection, and that in the great majority of these infections the cervix is affected, it impresses on us the necessity of combating this disease. It is comparatively easy to eradicate the disease from the urethra, yet at times it is difficult without local attention strictly applied, but it is a very different affair when the cervix is diseased. The glands in the cervix are peculiar because of their deeper position and branched condition. They easily retain the cocci, which are ever a source of irritation and its resulting discharge. I have known in my practice such a discharge to have