tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances: Neurology
Authors: R S Howard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The pace of research and development in the neuro- sciences remains breathtaking.This brief review attempts to highlight some of the areas in which very recent scientific and clinical advances have led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and management of neurological disease.The constraints of this paper prevent coverage of many important fields of neurological research, including infectious diseases, headache, muscle disease,
Another Severe Complication of Sclerotherapy for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
Authors: J. Cappelli, J. Dryjski, I. Rahier, B. Ramdani, V. Lamy, R. Moisse
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: An Unusual Complication of SclerotherapyEndoscopy 1991; 23(06): 352-353DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010718
Estimation of plasma volume changes during marathon running.
Authors: R J Maughan, P H Whiting, R J Davidson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Indices of fluid loss have been compared in 47 male runners who completed a competitive marathon (42.2 km) race in times varying from 2 hr 37 min to 4 hr 51 min. Body weight was recorded before and after the race; venous blood samples were collected shortly before and immediately after the race and used for the estimation of haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and serum concentration of albumin and total protein. All runners drank a total of 1.4 L of water during the race. The mean decrease in body weight was 2.1 +/- 0.8 kg (mean +/- SD), corresponding to 3.0 +/- 1.1% of initial weight. The decrease in plasma volume (PV), calculated from the haematological parameters, was 6.5 +/- 7.8% (P less than 0.001). Serum total protein concentration increased (P less than 0.001) by 10.4 +/- 4.8% and serum albumin (P less than 0.001) by 9.6 +/- 5.6%. The increase in serum protein concentration was correlated (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001) with the calculated decrease in PV, but was greater (P less than 0.001) than could be accounted for by the loss of plasma water. The change in PV varied widely between individuals and was unrelated to running speed. The estimated decrease in total body water (5%) was not different from the decrease in PV (6.5%), suggesting that water losses were evenly distributed between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.
Determinants and vitamin responsiveness of intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia (&gt; or = 40 micromol/liter). The Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
Authors: A B Guttormsen, P M Ueland, I Nesthus, O Nygård, J Schneede, S E Vollset, H Refsum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

From 1992-93, we screened 18,043 subjects, aged 40-67 yr, and found 67 cases (0.4%) with total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) > or = 40 micromol/liter. Compared to 329 controls, the cases had lower plasma folate and cobalamin levels, lower intake of vitamin supplements, consumed more coffee, and were more frequently smokers. Homozygosity for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene was observed in 73.1% of the cases and 10.2% of the controls. Only seven cases with cobalamin deficiency and one with homocystinuria received specific therapeutic instructions. 2 yr after the screening, 58 subjects were reinvestigated. 41 still had tHcy > 20 micromol/liter, and in 37 of these, intervention with low dose folic acid (0.2 mg/d) was started. Notably, 34 of 37 (92%) had homozygosity for the C677T mutation. Plasma tHcy was reduced in all but two after 7 wk, and became normal within 7 mo in 21 of 37 subjects. Most of the remaining subjects obtained a normal tHcy level with 5 mg/d of folic acid. We conclude that most subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia > or = 40 micromol/liter in the general population have the C677T mutation combined with low folate status. Daily supplement of low dose folic acid will reduce and often normalize their tHcy level.
Evolution of Dinoflagellate Unigenic Minicircles and the Partially Concerted Divergence of Their Putative Replicon Origins
Authors: Zhaoduo Zhang, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Beverley R. Green
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Dinoflagellate chloroplast genes are unique in that each gene is on a separate minicircular chromosome. To understand the origin and evolution of this exceptional genomic organization we completely sequenced chloroplast psbA and 23S rRNA gene minicircles from four dinoflagellates: three closely related Heterocapsa species (H. pygmaea, H. rotundata, and H. niei) and the very distantly related Amphidinium carterae. We also completely sequenced a Protoceratium reticulatum minicircle with a 23S rRNA gene of novel structure. Comparison of these minicircles with those previously sequenced from H. triquetra and A. operculatum shows that in addition to the single gene all have noncoding regions of approximately a kilobase, which are likely to include a replication origin, promoter, and perhaps segregation sequences. The noncoding regions always have a high potential for folding into hairpins and loops. In all six dinoflagellate strains for which multiple minicircles are fully sequenced, parts of the noncoding regions, designated cores, are almost identical between the psbA and 23S rRNA minicircles, but the remainder is very different. There are two, three, or four cores per circle, sometimes highly related in sequence, but no sequence identity is detectable between cores of different species, even within one genus. This contrast between very high core conservation within a species, but none among species, indicates that cores are diverging relatively rapidly in a concerted manner. This is the first well-established case of concerted evolution of noncoding regions on numerous separate chromosomes. It differs from concerted evolution among tandemly repeated spacers between rRNA genes, and that of inverted repeats in plant chloroplast genomes, in involving only the noncoding DNA cores. We present two models for the origin of chloroplast gene minicircles in dinoflagellates from a typical ancestral multigenic chloroplast genome. Both involve substantial genomic reduction and gene transfer to the nucleus. One assumes differential gene deletion within a multicopy population of the resulting oligogenic circles. The other postulates active transposition of putative replicon origins and formation of minicircles by homologous recombination between them.
Doctor who bungled abortion is allowed to continue working
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A consultant gynaecologist who inadvertently removed parts of a woman's kidneys, ovaries, and fallopian tubes during an abortion has been found guilty of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council but is allowed to continue working, under conditions.

Dr Andrew Gbinigie, 47, was working his first day at the private Calthorpe Clinic in Birmingham in November 2000 when the abortion took place. During his first three abortions in the morning theatre staff had became concerned at his technique, and senior staff spoke to him at lunch time, but he reassured …
Global Antismoking Measures
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obstetrics in Ireland
Authors: Alvin C Weseley
Journal: The Lancet (2001)

Michael Saunders (July 21, p 246)1Saunders M Medical litigation in Ireland.Lancet. 2001; 358: 246Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar, states that because there is no solution to the crisis in litigation in Ireland, fewer obstetricians and gynaecologists will be able to afford rising malpractice premiums. Who will deliver babies in Ireland?
The Value of Diphtheria Antitoxin in the Treatment of Membranous Non-Diphtherial Tonsillitis
Authors: J. N. d'Esterre
Journal: BMJ (1901)

APRIL 6, 19OI.-etained and not irritating, therefore go grams may be intro- duced during the twenty-four hours.From personal obser- vation I can assert that 30 grams are absorbed without the production of glycosuria; I have not had the opportunity of making observations when go grams have been given.Fat is not easily absorbed by the mucous membrane of the large intestine; of the i 8grams inthemilk, invariably some has been returned in the wash-out enemata; the quantity has ,usually been extremely small (the apparatus at my disposal did not permit of my making an accurate estimate).The heat value of the above diet is 578 calories.This may *be increased by another 3co calories by the subcutaneous in- jection of sterilised olive oil; 30 or 40 c.cm. may be given daily.Those who lhave adopted this method of supplying the fat element of the diet have never observed any untoward symptoms, but have noted that the nitrogen metabolism has decreased, wlich proved conclusively that the fat had been ,absorbed and utilised.By the above methods half the neces- sary energy can be supplied, and the loss in weight can be reduced to 750 grams a week. NOTE.Messrs. Parke, Davis and Co. lhave supplied serum, and are, I believe,
Targeted tumor killing via an intracellular antibody against erbB-2.
Authors: J Deshane, G P Siegal, R D Alvarez, M H Wang, M Feng, G Cabrera, T Liu, M Kay, D T Curiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Specific killing of erbB-2-overexpressing tumor cells can be achieved using expression of an intracellular antibody directed against the erbB-2 oncoprotein. We have developed a strategy using a recombinant adenovirus encoding an anti-erbB-2 single chain antibody to achieve targeted tumor cell killing in vivo and can show significantly prolonged survival of animals carrying a human ovarian carcinoma tumor burden within their peritoneal cavities. This strategy of gene therapy for ovarian carcinoma offers the potential to achieve highly specific, targeted killing of human tumor cells and thus establishes the rationale to undertake human clinical trials on this basis.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mediates Progestin-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by Interacting with Progesterone Receptors at the <i>Cyclin D1/MYC</i> Promoters
Authors: Sebastián Giulianelli, José P. Vaqué, Rocío Soldati, Victoria Wargon, Silvia I. Vanzulli, Rubén Martins, Eduardo Zeitlin, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Luisa A. Helguero, Caroline A. Lamb, J. Silvio Gutkind, Claudia Lanari
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Synthetic progesterone used in contraception drugs (progestins) can promote breast cancer growth, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether cytoplasmic interactions between the progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are required for PR activation. In this study, we used a murine progestin-dependent tumor to investigate the role of ERα in progestin-induced tumor cell proliferation. We found that treatment with the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) induced the expression and activation of ERα, as well as rapid nuclear colocalization of activated ERα with PR. Treatment with the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant to block ERα disrupted the interaction of ERα and PR in vitro and induced the regression of MPA-dependent tumor growth in vivo. ERα blockade also prevented an MPA-induced increase in CYCLIN D1 (CCND1) and MYC expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed that MPA triggered binding of ERα and PR to the CCND1 and MYC promoters. Interestingly, blockade or RNAi-mediated silencing of ERα inhibited ERα, but not PR binding to both regulatory sequences, indicating that an interaction between ERα and PR at these sites is necessary for MPA-induced gene expression and cell proliferation. We confirmed that nuclear colocalization of both receptors also occurred in human breast cancer samples. Together, our findings argued that ERα-PR association on target gene promoters is essential for progestin-induced cell proliferation.
Schistosomiasis of the Spinal Cord
Authors: P. W. Hutton, J. T. Holland
Journal: BMJ (1960)

WVhile corticosteroid therapy was maintained in both our cases, methandienone was introduced, and improve- ment occurred.In the first patient muscle-weakness regressed in a slow but sustained fashion over a period of months, whereas in the second patient the improve- ment vas more dramatic, and was evident in the first iO days of treatment.While we may have observed the natural remission of the disease in these patients, its direct relationship to the start of anabolic hormone suggests that it was drug-induced.We consider that anabolic hormones were of value in the cases described and are wsorthy of further trial in dermatomyositis. SummaryTwo cases of dermatomyositis are described.Although the results of corticosteroid therapy were disappointing, improvement occurred in both cases after the use of methandienone, an anabolic hormone.We are grateful to Dr. J. Laurie for his helpful criticism.
Association of Cardiac Pulmonary Haemosiderosis and Fibrosis
Authors: P. Ellman, R. A. M. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1959)

CHRONIC Q FEVER fItLJotThe formation of C.F. antibody to Phase I antigen by our patient appears to be unique, and, as this finding is most simply explained in terms of prolonged antigenic stimulation, the presence of such antibody clearly deserves further investigation as a possible indicator of chronic infection with R. burneti. SummaryThis paper describes the pathological and bacterio- logical findings in the case of chronic Q fever infection described clinically by Robson and Shimmin.Examination of the patient's serum at the beginning of his chronic illness revealed high titres of comple- ment-fixing antibody to both antigenic phases of Rickettsia burnecti.The rickettsia was isolated from the blood stream on two widely separated occasions during the chronic illness.An account of the experiments establishing these points is given in detail.Examination after death revealed a cerebral haemor- rhage, a distorted aortic valve with vegetations, and various secondary changes in other organs resulting from heart failure.Microcolonies of rickettsia-like organisms were seen in histological sections of the aortic- valve vegetations, which were also shown by guinea-pig inoculation to contain R. burnedi in large numbers.In addition, the rickettsia was isolated from the lung and spleen.The findings differed in a number of ways from those of subacute bacterial endocarditis, and this point is explored in detail.We are grateful to Dr. F. H. Scadding for his help and encouragement at all stages of this investigation.We are indebted to Dr. M. G. P. Stoker (Cambridge) for a gift of Phase I antigen; to
TEEATMENT OF LOOSENED TEETH.
Authors: M. L. RHEIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

No departure from a physiologic condition of the mouth is so readily noticed by the sufferer as a tooth which has become more or less loosened in its alveolar socket. In considering this abnormal condition of the teeth, two classes may be distinguished. First. Those cases resulting from infection which has caused pus to spread in such a manner as to interfere with the pericemental attachment of the root to the alveolus. In such cases, the more or less speedy removal of the focus of infection will generally restore the tooth to its normal degree of solidity. Infection following a dying pulp, difficult erupting teeth, ligatures accidently left around the necks of teeth, ill-advised separating of teeth and other injudicious dental operations are the most common causes in this class, and, therefore, they can be strictly classified as localized diseases, readily cured if the cause is ascertained and removed. Second.
Psychiatrist is suspended from medical register for dishonesty
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Adam Osborne, brother of the United Kingdom’s shadow chancellor George Osborne, has been suspended from the medical register for six months for misconduct.

Dr Osborne’s suspension was imposed by the General Medical Council with immediate effect, preventing him from taking up a new psychiatry job he had been due to start in April with Central and North West London NHS foundation trust.

He was found guilty of dishonesty in prescribing haloperidol and lorazepam under a false name for a cocaine addicted escort girl with whom he had been having a relationship.

Alyson Leslie, chairman of the GMC fitness to practise panel, said …
Healing Focal ???Flare??? Phenomenon after Radiotherapy in a Bone Metastasis from Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yoshifumi Sugawara, Makoto Kajihara, Takatoshi Semba, Takashi Ochi, Takashi Fujii, Teruhito Mochizuki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

“Flare” phenomenon has been primarily reported as a transient increase in the number or intensity of lesions on bone scans in patients receiving hormonal or chemotherapy. It has been well documented in patients with metastatic breast or prostate carcinoma, and recently reported in those with lung cancer. We present a case of bone metastasis from bladder carcinoma, in which healing flare phenomenon was observed after radiotherapy.
Australian orphans were used as guinea pigs
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Australia's top medical advisory body has called for an investigation into reports that hundreds of orphans were used as human guinea pigs in trials of vaccines and antigens between 1947 and 1970.

The National Health and Medical Research Council said that the trials of experimental vaccines for herpes, whooping cough, and influenza were not conducted in an “ethical vacuum.” Its chairman, Professor Richard Larkins, said: “The nature of the clinical trials, the status of those giving consent, and the potential benefits as well as risks to the …
198. Design and Testing of Intrinsic Proteasome Inhibitors To Increase Gene Transfer Efficiency
Authors: Molly E. Sinclair, Ji-seon Kim, Changpo Chen, Dijie Liu, Kevin G. Rice
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The proteasome is a multisubunit complex that is responsible for the degradation of many cytosolic proteins. Unlike many other proteolytic enzymes, the proteasome has multiple peptidase activities that can be classified into three main groups: cleavage after hydrophobic side chains (chymotrypsin-like), cleavage after basic residues (trypsin-like), and cleavage after acidic residues (peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolysis or PGPH). Previous studies have shown that the proteasome is a key route of metabolism for peptide-based non-viral gene delivery systems 1. The gene transfer efficiency of peptide-DNA condensates can be enhanced by the addition of proteasome inhibitors, including MG115, MG132, or epoxomicin.
Research misconduct: Britain's failure to act
Authors: M. Farthing
Journal: BMJ (2000)

News p 1487 

More than a year ago the good and the great of British medicine assembled in Edinburgh and agreed that the time had come to act decisively on research misconduct.1-3 Unfortunately, nothing visible has happened. Yet the so far largely submerged problem of research misconduct is surfacing like a decomposing corpse.4 If the leaders in medicine do not act they risk losing public confidence in medical research.

Fraud in research has a long and dishonourable history, but the problem came firmly onto the agenda in Britain in the early 1980s.5 One consequence was a report from the Royal College of Physicians of London …
Morphometric Analysis of Unbalanced Common Atrioventricular Canal Using Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: MERYL S COHEN, MARSHALL L JACOBS, PAUL M WEINBERG, JACK RYCHIK
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

This study was designed to define morphometric echocardiographic variables of unbalanced common atrioventricular canal (CAVC) that could aid in appropriate referral for surgical repair.Unbalanced CAVC has a high surgical mortality rate. This may be secondary to inappropriate referral of some patients for two-ventricle repair (closure of septal defects) instead of single-ventricle repair (Norwood palliation and Fontan operation).The echocardiograms of 103 patients with CAVC were retrospectively reviewed. In the subcostal left anterior oblique view, the area of the atrioventricular (AV) valve aportioned over each ventricle was measured, and an AV valve index (AVVI) was calculated as left/right valve area. The ventricular cavity ratio between the two ventricles was estimated as left ventricular length times width divided by right ventricular length times width. These variables were correlated with surgical referral and outcome.Patients previously categorized as having balanced CAVC all had AVVI > 0.67 (n = 77). Of the patients with unbalanced CAVC (n = 26), 11 had ductal-dependent circulation and underwent Norwood palliation (AVVI 0.21 +/- 0.13, mean +/- SD), and 15 had two-ventricle repair (AVVI 0.51 +/- 0.12, p < 0.0001). Of these 15 patients, 9 have survived, with no difference in mean AVVI between survivors and nonsurvivors (0.52 +/- 0.11 versus 0.49 +/- 0.13, p = 0.72). For all 103 patients, AVVI correlated with ventricular cavity ratio. However, of the unbalanced CAVC group who underwent two-ventricle repair, three nonsurvivors had a discrepancy between AVVI and ventricular cavity ratio (low AVVI but normal ventricular size). A large ventricular septal defect was present in all six nonsurvivors but in only four of nine survivors (p < 0.05).Echocardiographic morphometry is useful in defining unbalance in CAVC. If AVVI is < 0.67 in the presence of a large ventricular septal defect, a single-ventricle approach to repair should be considered.