tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Carcinoma Developing in a Cervical Lymph Node
Authors: GOVERDHAN LAL OHRI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Brief Reports1 February 1979Thyroid Carcinoma Developing in a Cervical Lymph NodeGOVERDHAN LAL OHRI, M.D., ELSA VALDERRAMA, M.D., MARK LAMET, B.S., JAMES I. BERKMAN, M.D.GOVERDHAN LAL OHRI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ELSA VALDERRAMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARK LAMET, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES I. BERKMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-205 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThat ectopic non-neoplastic thyroid tissue may be included in cervical lymph nodes has been well established (1-5). We have found reports of 37 such cases in which subserial or serial sections failed to reveal a primary carcinoma within the thyroid gland. We know of no reports of thyroid carcinoma arising in such lymph nodes; we present here a case of such an occurrence.A 14-year-old white girl was admitted to the Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center in February 1978 with a lump in the left side of her neck of 6 months' duration. She...References1. GERARD-MARCHANT R: Thyroid follicle inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. Arch Pathol 77:633-637, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. LIVOLSI V, PERZIN K, and SAVETSKY L: Carcinoma arising in median ectopic thyroid (including thyroglossal duct tissue). Cancer 34:1303-1315, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MEYER J and STEINBERG L: Microscopically benign thyroid follicles in cervical lymph nodes. Serial section study of lymph node inclusions and entire thyroid gland in 5 cases. Cancer 24:302-311, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NICASTRI A, FOOTE F, and FRAZELL E: Benign thyroid inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. JAMA 194:1-4, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ROTH L: Inclusions of non-neoplastic thyroid tissue within cervical lymph nodes. Cancer 18:105-111, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GOVERDHAN LAL OHRI, M.D.; ELSA VALDERRAMA, M.D.; MARK LAMET, B.S.; JAMES I. BERKMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center New Hyde Park, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntraductal Carcinoma Arising in Intraductal Papilloma in an Axillary Lymph Node: Review of the Literature and Proposed Theories of EvolutionMetastatic papillary cancer of the neck: A diagnostic dilemma 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2 Page: 205-206 Keywords Lymph nodes Thyroid Thyroid carcinoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1979 Copyright & Permissions©1979 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
The relationship of structure and function in human Hageman factor. The association of enzymatic and binding activities with separate regions of the molecule.
Authors: S D Revak, C G Cochrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Three regions of the human Hageman factor molecule termed the c, d, and e regions have been defined. Division of the molecule into these three regions is based on the analysis of fragments obtained by enzymatic cleavage during fluid-phase activation. The three regions have the following properties: (a) the c region has a mol wt of 40,000, has the capacity to bind to negatively charged surfaces, and does not have detectable enzymatic activity; (b) the e region possess a mol wt of 28,000 has enzymatic activity, and does not bind to negatively charged surfaces; (c) the d region has a mol wt of 12,000, is located between the c and e fragments but has not been detected as a freely existing polypeptide, and can bind firmly to negatively charged surfaces. The preparation of antibodies specific for the c and e regions is described as well as their use in defining the electrophoretic characteristics of the cde, cd, de, c, and e polypeptide fragments of Hageman factor. Evidence is given showing that the e region, but not the c or d, is released from a negatively charged surface when bound Hageman factor is exposed to proteolytic enzymes or whole plasma and that when this occurs in the presence of normal plasma, the e fragment becomes bound to C1 esterase inhibitor.
10. Appropriateness of Colonoscopy: Diarrhea 1
Authors: None Gonvers*, None Bochud**, None Burnand**, None Froehlich*, None Dubois***, None Vader**
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

The number of potential causes of diarrhea is very large. The easiest and most useful method of classifying diarrhea is according to its duration. The majority of cases of acute diarrhea are mild and caused by self-limiting infections or other processes, and thus no diagnostic intervention is indicated.
Knowing Right From Wrong: The Insanity Defense of Daniel McNaughtan
Authors: Frederick Butzen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

On Jan 20, 1843, Edward Drummond, private secretary to British Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, was shot and mortally wounded by a young Scotsman from Glasgow named Daniel McNaughtan. McNaughtan apparently had meant to shoot Peel and killed Drummond by mistake. At his trial, McNaughtan was found not guilty by reason of insanity. The verdict was regarded as scandalous by the press, and an enraged House of Lords requested that the judges of the Supreme Court of Judicature answer five questions regarding the culpability of the insane and the use of insanity as a defense in a criminal trial; the judges' answers have come down to us as the "McNaughtan rules." <i>In Knowing Right From Wrong</i>, Richard Moran, chairman of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass, has reexamined the McNaughtan case historically. He reviews the facts of the case in their social and
Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relation to Rapid Fluctuations in Blood Glucose in Children with Insulin-dependent Diabetes: A Comparison of Methods With and Without Prior Dialysis
Authors: J Ditzel, J J Kjærgaard, Reiko Kawahara, G Z Østergaard, T Mourits-Andersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

To evaluate the importance of dialysis in the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), we studied blood glucose and HbA1 in 38 insulin-dependent diabetic children during a morning fast and again 6 h postprandially. We used two methods to determine glycosylated hemoglobin: (1) the conventional macrocolumn method of Trivelli, which uses dialyzed hemolysate and (2) a commercially available microcolumn procedure, Isolab's Fast Hemoglobin Test System, which uses undialyzed blood samples. When the 6-h changes were assessed, the mean blood glucose had increased from 11.6 to 16.3 mmol/L (P &amp;lt; 0.001). HbA1 determined by the microcolumn procedure simultaneously increased from 12.6% to 13.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and the increment in HbA1 correlated significantly with the increment in blood glucose (r = 0.62, P &amp;lt; 0.001). HbAx determined by the macrocolumn method increased slightly from 13.1% to 13.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and no correlation was present between the increment in blood glucose and HbA1 (r = –0.02, NS). When the microcolumn procedure was modified by employing dialyzed hemolysate, this method became unaffected by acute blood glucose variations. Therefore, dialysis in sample preparation appears to be important in minimizing the effect of acute changes in blood glucose on the level of glycohemoglobin. Methods in which dialyzed hemolysates are used may be more useful as an index of long-term glucose control.
Prognostic value of interleukin-8 in AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: T L Benfield, J Vestbo, J Junge, T L Nielsen, A B Jensen, J D Lundgren
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is associated with an accumulation of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Thus, we hypothesized that IL-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of P. carinii pneumonia. BAL fluid and serum were prospectively collected in 76 consecutive HIV-infected patients with a primary episode of P. carinii pneumonia, as well as in 10 healthy control subjects. Patients were found to have elevated levels of IL-8 in BAL fluid compared with control subjects (p < 0.01). Nine patients died during the course of P. carinii pneumonia. Comparing survivors with nonsurvivors, the median IL-8 level in BAL fluid was 127 (0 to 3,900) versus 584 (127 to 6,100) pg/ml (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with levels of IL-8 in BAL fluid greater than 90 pg/ml (i.e., greater than control subjects) had significantly worse vital prognosis (log rank test, p < 0.05). Thirteen percent required mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients requiring MV had a median IL-8 level of 396 (25 to 6,100) versus 129 (0 to 3,900) pg/ml for patients not requiring MV (p < 0.05). In conclusion: i) IL-8 in BAL fluid correlates to the clinical severity of the pneumonia, and ii) is a predictor of mortality and severe respiratory compromise.
The Private Patient and Surgical Training
Authors: Robert A. Chase
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The answer given by William B. Smith, JD, to a question about performance of surgical operation by residents (<b>209</b>:947, 1969) may be legally correct but, in my own view, is out of date in its restrictiveness. No surgeon performs major operations by himself. It requires the participation of a number of team members. The responsibility for surgery performed falls upon the surgeon contracted with by the patient. Specific responsibilities during the technical procedure are delegated to members of a surgical team by the surgeon. He cannot prepare sutures and instruments, hold retractors, place the suture in a heart valve, run the extracorporeal circuit, administer blood, give anesthesia, do a frozen section, tie the sutures, suction a wound clean, hold parts for dissection, take operative x-ray films and interpret them, and all the other obligations implicit in a successful operation. What he can do is<i>direct</i>all
RANTES expression in psoriatic skin, and regulation of RANTES and IL-8 production in cultured epidermal keratinocytes by active vitamin D3 (tacalcitol)
Authors: None Fukuoka, None Ogino, None Sato, None Ohta, None Komoriya, None Nishioka, None Katayama
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The chemokine RANTES is a chemoattractant for eosinophils, T lymphocytes of memory phenotype and monocytes, suggesting that it plays an important part in chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases. In various types of cells, RANTES production is markedly induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma in combination. Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease. Cytokines and chemokines produced by T cells and epidermal keratinocytes, such as interleukin (IL) 8, are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. T-cell clones obtained from psoriatic skin have been shown to produce the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. In addition, abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha has been observed in psoriatic lesions. These reports led us to hypothesis that psoriatic skin could provide epidermal keratinocytes with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, so that keratinocytes could produce RANTES. In this study, we addressed the question as to whether RANTES was involved in psoriasis vulgaris. Immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies showed RANTES was present in the intercellular spaces between epidermal keratinocytes, in the fully developed lesions from the middle to the edge of psoriatic plaques, but not in the perilesional uninvolved and healthy control skin. Further, we confirmed the production of RANTES, together with IL-8, by cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stimulation with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in combination synergistically increased the RANTES production in this system. These results clearly demonstrate the expression of RANTES in psoriatic lesions and suggest the involvement of this chemokine in the outcome of cutaneous inflammatory diseases. Tacalcitol (1 alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3), an active vitamin D3 analogue, inhibited RANTES and IL-8 production in cultured normal epidermal keratinocytes. This result indicates that active vitamin D3 is effective in the regulation of chemokine production by epidermal keratinocytes, which may partly account for its action as an antipsoriatic drug.
Martius Bulbo-Cavernosus Interposition Operation
Authors: W. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1949)

EGGSMEBRiTISH 1261 low thermal death point, the survival of Salmonellae in even lightly cooked dishes is difficult to explain.Recent experiments (Report of M.R.C., 1947) with reconstituted dried egg known to be infected showed that the great majority of the organisms were killed by scrambling (producing a temperature of 830 C. for three-quarters of a minute) and in omelette-making (850 C. for one minute).Only when the reconstituted egg was first incubated overnight, so producing a bacterial content of between 10,000 and 1,000,000 per g., were positive cultures obtained after cooking, and then only from an inoculum of no less than 50 g.In view of these findings, and of failure to recover organisms from an experimental pudding of the kind concerned here, the survival of sufficient numbers of bacteria in the incriminated food to cause so high an attack rate in those consuming it remains a mystery.This outbreak is also of interest on account of the hazardous measures without which the work of the hospital could not have been continued.The only persons forbidden to return to work until after repeated negative stool examinations were food-handlers, a kitchen employee, and two dining-room maids.It was necessary that nurses should return to duty as soon as they were fit to do so, and proof of their freedom from infection was not obtained until some time later: for a few days at least after their return to duty many were probably carriers, and some were shown to be.They were of course fully instructed in the precautions they must take, and evidently observed them faithfully.A greater problem at the height of the epidemic was the nurse with a mild or unrecognized attack of the disease who remained on duty.It is possible that some transmission to previously uninfected patients took place during this brief and strenuous period.Summary An account is given of an outbreak of Salnti.typhi-muriumti enteritis involving nursing and other female staff and patients in a large general hospital.The vehicle of infection was a lightly cooked pudding containing 200 duck eggs.The clinical features of the disease are described, together with laboratory investigations and the steps taken to control the epidemic.We are indebted to Dr. Joan Taylor, of the Salmonella Reference Laboratory, for kindly examining five of the strains isolated from patients and confirming their identity.
Introduction to immunology and autoimmunity.
Authors: D A Smith, D R Germolec
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of a breakdown of immunologic tolerance to autoreactive immune cells. Many autoimmune disorders have been strongly associated with genetic, infectious, and/or environmental predisposing factors. Comprising multiple disorders and symptoms ranging from organ-specific to systemic, autoimmune diseases include insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. There are also implications of autoimmune pathology in such common health problems as arteriosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, schizophrenia, and certain types of infertility. Largely of unknown etiology, autoimmune disorders affect approximately 3% of the North American and European populations, > 75% of those affected being women. This discussion provides a brief introduction to the immune system and tolerance maintenance, an overview of selected autoimmune diseases and possible mechanisms of immune autoreactivity, and a review of experimental autoimmune models.
Remarks ON CEREBRO-SPINAL FEVER IN CAMPS AND BABRACKS
Authors: W. Osler
Journal: BMJ (1915)

SLIGHT outbreaks in two of the camps in this country lhave aroused interest in tliis disease, to wlhich soldiers have been' eculiarly liable.-Fewinfections hayv-so remarkable a hiistory.Belonging to the nova febiium coho rs of Horace, it appeared (or revived?) in the early years of the nineteenltlh century.It is not liliely that an affectioni with sucll striking symiiptoms could have been overlooked by tl.e seventeentlh and eighlteentlh century pllysiciaus.Geographically it has a world-wide distributi6n, as may be seen by reference to vol.ix of Series I-anl vol.x of Series I[ of the Incdex Catalogue of tlle Suireon-General's Library, in wlicl epidemics are noted in all quarters of the globe, with special prevalence in France, parts of Scandinavia, aind tlle United S-ttes.Tllese islands, have enjoyed a singularly happy freedom.Dr. Ormerod's list in vol.i of Allbutt and lRolleston's Systemn of Medicine slhows lhow slight and unimportant lhave been thle outbreaks until the Glasgow epidemic of 1907, witlh 1,000 cases a.nd 595 deathis (Chlalmers); and that of Belfast, witlh, for the eighteen months ending June, 1908, 725 cases, witlh 548 deaths' (Robb).;Th&6re has b,een lately an increase of the disease in Enigland.DVr.:Newshiolm as kindly furnislhed me witl the figures talken fromi.the inlvestigiations of Dr. R. J.
Improvement of Lipid Abnormalities Associated with Proteinuria Using Fosinopril, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Authors: Taha Keilani, William A. Schlueter, Murray L. Levin, Daniel C. Batlle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To examine whether reducing protein excretion in patients with proteinuric renal disease using an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, fosinopril sodium, would be accompanied by an amelioration of the associated hyperlipidemia. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 12 weeks, followed by 23 weeks of an open-label trial using fosinopril. Setting: Outpatient renal clinics. Patients: Twenty-six patients (age range, 28 to 70 years) with mild to moderate renal impairment and proteinuria associated with type 2 diabetes (15 patients) and other causes of nondiabetic renal disease (11 patients) completed the double-blind phase of the study. All patients except one were men. Intervention: Fosinopril, 10 mg initial oral daily dose (randomized trial), and 20 mg orally once a day (open-label phase). Measurements: Proteinuria and serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, and lipoprotein[a] protein). Results: In a group of 17 patients treated with fosinopril, protein excretion decreased from 5.56 to 4.28 g/d, a reduction of 1.28 (95% CI, −2.49 to −0.08).The reduction was associated with a decrease in serum total cholesterol from 6.39 to 5.82 mmol/L, a decrease of 0.58 mmol/L (CI, −1.01 to −0.15 mmol/L). In a group of nine patients treated with placebo, neither protein excretion (from 5.11 to 4.81 g/d, a change of −0.29 g/d [CI, −1.78 to 1.13 g/d]) nor serum total cholesterol (from 6.08 to 5.77 mmol/L, a change of −0.31 mmol/L [CI, −0.78 to 0.13 mmol/L]) changed significantly. At the end of the double-blind phase, plasma lipoprotein(a) protein decreased in the fosinopril-treated group (from 3.94 to 3.33 mg/dL, a reduction of 0.60 mg/dL [CI, −1.02 to −0.18 mg/dL]) but not in the placebo group (from 2.85 to 3.19 mg/dL, a change of 0.34 mg/dL [CI, −0.53 to 1.2 mg/dL]). Dietary protein and fat intake were similar in the two groups throughout the study. In 16 patients who completed an extended open-label phase, fosinopril was associated with a decrease in protein excretion from 4.53 to 3.22 g/d, a reduction of 1.29 g/d (CI, −2.54 to −0.05 g/d), which was associated with a reduction in serum total cholesterol (from 6.37 to 5.54 mmol/L, a decrease of 0.84 mmol/L [CI, −1.59 to −0.08 mmol/L]), LDL cholesterol (from 4.38 to 3.72 mmol/L [a decrease of 0.68 mmol/L {CI, −1.33 to −0.03 mmol/L}]), and plasma lipoprotein(a) protein (from 3.58 to 2.81 mg/dL, a reduction of 0.82 mg/dL [CI, −1.58 to −0.05 mg/dL]). Conclusion: The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, fosinopril, can result in a sustained reduction in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and plasma lipoprotein(a) protein levels in conjunction with a partial reduction in proteinuria.
US agency to test safety of four herbs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The galanin neuropeptide system is widely distributed throughout the brain and periphery and is thought to play a role in feeding, pain and reproduction. To evaluate the human galanin receptor 1 as a potential therapeutic target, we fully characterized its interaction with several galanin-like peptides. The human galanin receptor 1 receptor was stably expressed using an episomal system in human embryonic kidney 293E cells. Saturation isotherms using <sup>125</sup>I-human galanin revealed two distinct populations of receptor affinity states in membranes and whole cells with picomolar and nanomolar affinities at the high- and low affinity states, respectively. A scintillation proximity assay revealed that <sup>125</sup>I-human galanin binding in membranes reached steady-state within 2 to 2.5 hr; however, only 50% of galanin radiolabel dissociated from the receptors by excess galanin or guanosine 5′-O-3-thiotriphosphate even after 20 hr. In contrast, galanin binding in whole cells was completely reversible within 1 hr. Competition binding assays showed that galanin-like peptides bound with picomolar affinities in membranes and whole cells. These peptides behaved as full agonists as determined by the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic 3′5′-adenosine monophosphate production and the stimulation of guanosine 5′-O-(3-[<sup>35</sup>S]thiotriphosphate binding. The agonist profile of M40, a representative chimeric peptide, was found not to be the result of receptor reserve because receptor inactivation by partial alkylation experiments confirmed its full intrinsic efficacy under conditions of a “zero” reserve state. These observations suggest that the antagonist effects <i>in vivo</i> of M40, and perhaps other chimeric peptides, are not mediated via direct interactions with the galanin receptor 1 receptor.
John Beadle Eades
Authors: J. Lane
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Eye near Peterborough (b 1922; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1947), died from oesophageal cancer on 12 June 2002.

After national service with the Royal Army Medical Corps in north Africa, John entered general practice, initially in the southeast and then to Eye in the Fens, where he remained for more than 30 years. He had an enthusiasm for progress and new developments in diagnosis and treatment and developed excellent relationships with his colleagues in the local hospital. He was made a serving brother of the Order of St John for his work as a teacher and examiner for its Ambulance Brigade, and an honorary life member of the British Red Cross. He leaves a wife, Ann; five daughters; and 11 grandchildren.