tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contempo 1997: The Face of Medicine
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The Contempo 1997 1 issue ofThe Journalprovided an excellent review of the many exciting recent developments in medicine. Although much progress is being made on many fronts, it was disappointing that the issue did not better reflect the recent progress in increasing diversity in medicine. 2,3 Of the 62 contributors to Contempo 1997, only 7 (11.3%) were women. This shows little improvement from 5 years ago: Contempo 1992 had 57 contributors, of whom 6 (10.5%) were women. Moreover, although ethnicity is best measured by self-definition, it is possible to estimate the proportion of contributors from different ethnic groups based on the review of the photographs and names of the authors. Of contributors to Contempo 1997, only 1 (1.6%) was African American, 1 (1.6%) was Hispanic, and 3 (4.8%) were Asian-Pacific Islanders. For Contempo 1992, 3 authors (5.3%) were African American, and 1 (1.8%) was an
OUTCOME OF SULFONYLUREA AND INSULIN VERSUS INCRETIN-BASED TREATMENT IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS UNCONTROLLED ON PRIOR METFORMIN MONO THERAPY: RESULTS OF DIAREGIS
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Peter Bramlage, Christiane Binz, Steffen Schneider, Michael Krekler, Diethelm Tschoepe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A PHARYNGEAL ANEURISM.
Authors: C. W. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The case I present for your consideration tonight is one of unusual interest. I exhausted every means within my power to induce the patient to present herself before you, but failed to accomplish the desired result. My efforts in this connection were so persistent as to drive her from me. It is totally unnecessary to give any account of history, as it bears little upon the subject in hand. The woman is Irish, single, 35 years of age. She consulted me to obtain relief from excessive dryness of pharynx and "stuffy" sensation in nasal cavities. Exposure of mouth made manifest a large pharyngeal cavity, the walls of which, in all directions, presented the evidences of marked glandular destruction and atrophy of the mucous membrane. That which especially attracted my attention in the pharyngeal cavity was a prominent bulging mass to the right of the median line, typically represented in the
A 26-Year-Old Woman Seeking an Abortion, 1 Year Later
Authors: Erin E. Hartman
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
954. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Induced Trans-Gene Activation in Solid Tumors
Authors: Yunbo Liu, Zhenlin Hu, Xiaochun Lu, Takashi Kon, Chuanyuan Li, Pei Zhong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

This work investigated the feasibility of HIFU-induced gene activation in sublethally injured cancer cells in a murine tumor model. 4T1 mouse mammary cancer cells were implanted subcutaneously in the hindlimbs of Balb/C mice and luciferase marker gene vectors (Ad-hsp-Luc) under the control of a heat-sensitive promoter (hsp70B) were injected intratumorly (2x108 pfu/tumor) for dissemination and gene transfection. One day following virus injection, targeted tumors (D=6 8mm) were heated to a peak temperature of 550C, 650C, 750C and 850C (measured with thermocouples), respectively, for 5s-20s at multiple sites by using a focused 1.1-MHz HIFU transducer. The time course of HIFU- induced luciferase gene expression was monitored and quantified using a Xenogen in vivo bioluminescence imaging system for one week. Inducible luciferase gene expression was found to be highly thermal dose dependent with total luminescence intensity increased by 15 – 120 fold at different HIFU exposure conditions compared to the control group. The maximum gene activation (120 fold) was induced at 650C-10s and 750C-10s one day after HIFU exposure and decayed gradually within 7 days. Histology examinations (H&E staining) of the tumor tissue one day after 750C-10s HIFU exposure revealed multiple focal areas of necrotic injury surrounded by sublethally injured and unaffected tumor tissues. Corresponding tumor growth after 750C-10s HIFU exposure was reduced by 50% from the original volume within 20 days while the tumor volume in the control group increased by 3 fold. Altogether, these results demonstrated the feasibility of HIFU-induced transgene activation presumably in sublethally injured tumor tissues. This observation opens up the possibility for the combination of HIFU-induced thermal ablation with simultaneous heat-induced gene therapy for cancer therapy. Furthermore, efforts are also underway to explore HIFU-targeted gene delivery to solid tumors.
Determinants of ventricular defibrillation in adults.
Authors: J A Gascho, R S Crampton, M L Cherwek, J N Sipes, F P Hunter, W M O'Brien
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Conventional defibrillators which stored no more than 400 J and used damped sine wave pulses defibrillated 240 of 253 (95%) episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 94 prospectively assessed resuscitations in 88 adults. Shocks of 80--240 J (under 3 J/kg) delivered to the chest wall defibrillated more often than higher energy levels. Defibrillation rate did not correlate with weight. Defibrillation was determined by the diagnosis and setting in which VF occurred. Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and primary VF or with coronary disease and no AMI defibrillated more easily than patients with AMI and secondary VF or with no coronary disease. VF in a terminal patient (agonal VF) defibrillated less often than VF in other clinical situations. Age, weight, delivered energy, duration of pulse wave, and duration of VF had little, if any, influence on rate of defibrillation. These data fail to support the use of more expensive, high-output defibrillators sold by 11 or 14 American manufactures.
PCBs Exert an Estrogenic Effect through Repression of the <i>Wnt7a</i> Signaling Pathway in the Female Reproductive Tract
Authors: Risheng Ma, David A. Sassoon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been proposed to have a weak estrogenic activity and therefore pose a risk as potential environmental endocrine disruptors to the perinatal development of the female reproductive tract. Perinatal exposure to high concentrations of the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces abnormal development of the female reproductive tract via a mechanism that acts through the down-regulation of Wnt7a (wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A). To test the hypothesis that PCBs act as weak estrogens, we injected neonatal mice with a commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) or with low levels of DES and measured effects of exposure on Wnt7a expression and uterine morphology. We report here that neonatal PCB or low-level DES exposure resulted in the down-regulation of Wnt7a expression. In addition, both PCB and low-level DES exposure induced changes in the uterine myometrium and gland formation. These data reveal that weak estrogens such as the PCBs act through a Wnt7a-dependent pathway and suggest that Wnt7a regulation is a sensitive biomarker for testing weak estrogenic candidate compounds. The morphologic changes that were elicited by PCBs and DES were different immediately after exposure, suggesting that Wnt7a-independent pathways are also activated by one or both of these compounds. Although Wnt7a down-regulation is transient after estrogenic exposure, subsequent morphologic changes became more pronounced during postnatal and adult life, suggesting that the female reproductive tract is permanently reprogrammed after exposure even to weak estrogenic compounds. In addition, Wnt7a heterozygous mice were more sensitive to PCB exposure, revealing an important genetic predisposition to risks of environmental endocrine disruptors.
The Cure for Cholera — Improving Access to Safe Water and Sanitation
Authors: Ronald J. Waldman, Eric D. Mintz, Heather E. Papowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The best intervention for long-term cholera control is the development and maintenance of water and sewage treatment systems. But many people in low-income countries still lack access to safe water supplies and even modestly improved sanitation facilities.
Transient Outward Currents in Subendocardial Purkinje Myocytes Surviving in the Infarcted Heart
Authors: Cynthia Jeck, Judith Pinto, Penelope Boyden
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Altered electrical activity of subendocardial Purkinje fibers contributes to arrhythmias in the 48-hour infarcted canine heart. Changes in the transmembrane action potentials of these fibers include marked action potential prolongation. The ionic basis for these changes is unknown. Methods and Results We used whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques to study 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)–sensitive voltage-dependent transient outward currents (I to1 ) in Purkinje myocytes isolated from LV subendocardial (n=14) and free-running (n=15) bundles of the normal canine heart. I to1 in these two groups of control cells (normal-zone Purkinje cells [NZPCS]) did not differ. NZPCS I to1 was then compared with I to1 of Purkinje myocytes dispersed from subendocardium of infarcted hearts 48 hours after total coronary artery occlusion (IZPC 48 , n=14). I to1 amplitude and current density were significantly reduced ( P &lt;.01) in IZPC 48 s (1650±389 pA, 9±2 pA/pF) compared with NZPCS (2917±267 pA, 20.2±2 pA/pF) at V t =+55 mV, V h =−60 mV, where V t is test potential and V h is holding potential. Decay of I to1 was biexponential in all NZPCS but monoexponential in 71% of IZPC 48 s. Both NZPCS and IZPC 48 s have a sustained 4-AP–sensitive component (at 250 ms, V t =+55 mV: 4±1 pA/pF, 3±1 pA/pF, respectively). I to1 voltage dependence of inactivation did not differ between groups. In IZPC 48 s, recovery of I to1 from inactivation was slowed significantly. Furthermore, significantly more I to1 was seen with rapid pacing in NZPCS (cycle length [CL] 5000 ms=100%, CL 1300 ms=73%, CL 330 ms=46%) than in IZPC 48 s (CL 5000 ms=100%, CL 1300 ms=58%, CL 330 ms=31%). In three IZPC 48 s, no I to1 was seen at CL 330 ms. Conclusions I to1 plays a major role in normal Purkinje myocyte electrophysiology, contributing both a large transient and a sustained component that are 4-AP–sensitive. In subendocardial Purkinje myocytes that survive in the 48-hour infarcted heart, density of I to1 is markedly reduced and the remaining I to1 showed specific changes in kinetics. The alterations observed in both I to1 density and function could contribute to abnormally long transmembrane action potentials of these arrhythmogenic Purkinje myocytes of the infarcted heart.
Examining Heterogeneity in Phase II Trial Designs May Improve Success in Phase III
Authors: Rabiya S. Tuma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

trials to historical controls, Thall said. Thus, intertrial variability can infl uence whether researchers continue to move a drug through clinical development or kill it. Second, individual patient characteristics — what statisticians call covariates — can affect the success or failure of a treatment. “You can think of treatment as an attempt to overcome covariates,” Thall said. What may appear to be a treatment difference may be due to an imbalance in covariates in trial arms — or to differences between patients in different phase II trials that are being compared.
GW25-e2531 To evaluate the effect of PCI in the patients who get the anterior myocardial infarction with ventricular aneurysm and the change of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and analysis of the aneurysm patients in perioperative period of PCI TCM syndrome type changes that can be used
Authors: Wang Xianghe, Zhang Ting, Cao Xuebin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Charlatans and sharks
Authors: C Sonnex
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Channel 4 Undercover Britain: “Preying on Hope” 8 February

The ill have always been vulnerable to exploitation and it seems that the quacks and charlatans, so familiar to us from stories of old, continue to prey on those who seek “cures” beyond conventional medicine. Channel 4's Undercover Britain programme focused on Mark, a young man with AIDS, and provided a poignant, disturbing insight into modern day exploitation. Through the hidden camera and microphone we were treated to glimpses of such men (and they were all men) at work.

Non-conventional treatments for HIV infection abound. This is to be expected for, although we can ward off and …
Epstein-Barr-virus-carrying lymphoma in a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia.
Authors: A K Saemundsen, A I Berkel, W Henle, G Henle, M Anvret, O Sanal, F Ersoy, M Caglar, G Klein
Journal: BMJ (1981)

An undifferentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of mesenteric lymph nodes occurred in a young boy with ataxia-telangiectasia. Two independent tests, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-cRNA/DNA hybridisation and EBV DNA/DNA reassociation kinetic analysis, showed 53 and 68 EBV genome equivalents per cell respectively, which was compatible with an EBV-genome-carrying tumour. Whether this was a polyclonal lymphoproliferation or a monoclonal tumour could not be determined owing to lack of suitable material. The presence of EBV genomes should be sought in lymphomas arising in ataxia-telangiectasia and other immunodeficiencies.
Lack of Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines: No Influence on HIV Disease Progression in an African Treatment-Naive Population
Authors: Boris Julg, Shabashini Reddy, Mary van der Stok, Smita Kulkarni, Ying Qi, Sara Bass, Bert Gold, Michael A. Nalls, George W. Nelson, Bruce D. Walker, Mary Carrington, Thumbi Ndung'u
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
The Visual Tests for Railway Servants and Mariners
Authors: J. B. Lawford
Journal: BMJ (1895)

SCARLET FEVER WITH COMPLICATIONS.[IM THz BRiTro 641 enough to have his nutrition stimulated by it, will produce absence of urates from the blood, and so long as it continues to do so there will be no arthritis.An excess of uric acid is being introduced, but it does not remain in the blood because the conditions are unfavourable to its solubility.4Hence meat diet may prevent rather than produce arthritis.Unfortunately, however, some patients are too old, others are already too feeble and wasted, to respond to any stimulus ;
Association of polar amino acids at position 26 of the HLA-DQB1 first domain with the anticentromere autoantibody response in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Authors: J D Reveille, D Owerbach, R Goldstein, R Moreda, R A Isern, F C Arnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

HLA class II alleles (detected by DNA typing) were determined in 116 Caucasians with systemic sclerosis positive and negative for anticentromere autoantibodies (ACA). Significantly increased frequencies of HLA-DR5(DRw11) (P = 0.009) and the Dw13(DRB1*0403, *0407) subtypes of DR4 (probability corrected, Pc = 0.005) were seen in ACA positive patients, and HLA-DR1 and DRw8 were also increased. These findings appeared to reflect linkage disequilibrium of DR5(DRw11) and many DR4(Dw13) haplotypes with HLA-DQw7 and DR1 with DQw5. In fact, the presence of a DQB1 allele having a polar glycine or tyrosine at position 26 of the DQB1 first domain versus a hydrophobic leucine accounted for 100% of ACA positive Caucasian systemic sclerosis patients compared to 69% of the ACA negative SS patients (P = 0.0008) and 71% of Caucasian controls (P = 0.0003) as well as all 7 ACA patients of non-Caucasian background. Furthermore, the genotype frequency of DQB1 alleles lacking leucine at position 26 was 73% in ACA positive SS patients, compared to 42% of ACA negative patients (P = 1.2 x 10(-5)) and 38% of controls (P = 5.8 x 10(-7)). These data, then, suggest that the second hypervariable region of the HLA-DQB1 chain may form the candidate epitope associated with the ACA response.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for serum hepatitis B virus DNA as a predictive factor for post-treatment relapse after lamivudine induced hepatitis B e antigen loss or seroconversion
Authors: H C Lee
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Lamivudine induces favourable virological and biochemical responses but post-treatment relapses are frequent, even in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss or seroconversion. The aim of this study was to determine whether extended lamivudine therapy for up to 12 months after HBeAg loss/seroconversion could decrease the risk of post-treatment virological relapse. In addition, we monitored serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay during extended lamivudine therapy and analysed predictive factors for post-treatment relapse. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 49 patients who exhibited HBeAg loss/seroconversion during lamivudine therapy received extended lamivudine therapy for six months (group 1, n = 23) or 12 months (group 2, n = 26) after HBeAg loss/seroconversion. Serum HBV DNA levels were quantified by a PCR based assay at the time of HBeAg loss/seroconversion, and at cessation of therapy. <b>Results:</b> Post-treatment virological relapse rates at two years were 59% in group 1 and 50% in group 2. Age, time interval to HBeAg loss/seroconversion, and serum HBV DNA levels at the time of cessation of therapy were independent predictive factors for post-treatment relapse. The post-treatment relapse rate was 37% at two years in patients with serum HBV DNA levels of &lt;200 copies/ml but 73% in those with ⩾10<sup>3</sup> copies/ml. <b>Conclusions:</b> Extended lamivudine therapy for up to 12 months did not decrease the rate of post-treatment virological relapse, and monitoring of serum HBV DNA by a quantitative PCR method was helpful in predicting post-treatment relapse.
Cost Effectiveness as a Criterion for Medicare Coverage
Authors: A Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The new rules for Medicare coverage proposed by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) in the January 30 issue of the Federal Register deserve comment and support. Aside from making procedural changes in response to earlier public comment, HCFA proposes to include cost effectiveness as a criterion for the funding of a technology or procedure. This is a major step forward, but one that will not be without difficulties. Until now, Medicare coverage has required only that services be "reasonable and necessary"; cost has never been an explicit criterion. I think that the intelligent use of cost effectiveness as a . . .
Are healthcare workers in England and Wales at increased risk of tuberculosis?
Authors: S. Meredith, J. M Watson, K. M Citron, A. Cockcroft, J. H Darbyshire
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether healthcare workers in England and Wales are at increased risk of tuberculosis and to examine the frequency of drug resistance in this population. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of notification rates by occupation obtained from national tuberculosis notification surveys in 1988 and 1993, with denominators from the 1991 census. <b>Subjects</b>: People with notified tuberculosis in professional and associate professional occupations from the two surveys. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Rates of notified tuberculosis in health professionals (mainly doctors) and health associate professionals (mainly nurses) compared with rates in other professional and associate professional occupations, adjusted for ethnic group, sex, and age. <b>Results</b>: 119 cases of tuberculosis were identified in healthcare workers, including 61 nurses and 42 doctors. The crude notification rate in healthcare workers was 11.8 per 100 000 per year (95% confidence interval 9.8 to 14.1) compared with 3.3 per 100 000 per year (2.9 to 3.6) in other professional and associate professional occupations; rate ratios were higher (range 1.7 to 3.2) in all ethnic groups. The relative risk adjusted for ethnic group, sex, and age was 2.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 3.0), slightly higher for health professionals (2.7 (1.9 to 3.8)) than for associate professionals (2.0 (1.5 to 2.6)). No multiple drug resistant strains of tuberculosis were identified in healthcare workers. <b>Conclusions</b>: Better detection and notification of cases of tuberculosis in healthcare workers may account for some of the apparent increased risk, but these findings imply that tuberculosis remains a hazard for healthcare workers and highlight the importance of ensuring that occupational health monitoring and protection workers are not neglected. <h3>Key messages</h3> This study shows that rates of notified tuberculosis in healthcare workers in England and Wales were two to three times those in other socio- economically comparable occupational groups As many healthcare workers are unlikely to be exposed to tuberculosis infection, those who are may be at much greater risk than has been estimated No multiple drug resistant tuberculosis was found in healthcare workers It is important that health service commissioners and occupational health services are aware of the risks and ensure that the recommendations for the control of tuberculosis in health service staff and students are complied with