tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Challenges to implementing NPfIT: Computerised medical history is key to connecting health
Authors: Huw Llewelyn
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation New on-call rotas do not workEditor-Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors' shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 1 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side.Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what I think makes a liveable on-call rota.I was under the impression that the European Working Time Directive was set out to improve the health and safety of workers, make working conditions better, but also make life away from work better because doctors would be less tired.The directive scores a "no" against all of these.I find myself more tired at work and at home, less enthusiastic, and less motivated by what is becoming a regular chore.Instead of being on call once a week, I find myself doing an on-call shift two or three times a week (on average), being late home more often than not because fewer juniors are around, and spending less time with my young children.The "old" rota system of a 24 hour oncall, with at least six on a rota, made on-call shifts less frequent, more tolerable, and even enjoyable.It also left plenty of time for training, and so long as there were six or more on rota, it made the annual leave far more flexible and workable.Anaesthetists rarely complained, certainly compared with other specialties' rotas, and everyone knew that however busy, you were always going to go home to a full day off in the morning.Why not listen to those doing the rota, and affected family members, and respect within reason what the workers want to work.
Treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis with di-iodohydroxyquinoline.
Authors: K Horsfield, A Nicholls, G Cumming, M Hume, K Prowse
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Thirteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis were treated with the anti-amoebic drug di-iodohydroxyquinoline, 1500-1800 mg/day orally, for 20 days. All were precipitin positive before treatment and all but one became negative after treatment. Sputum became negative in all of the 10 patients in whom it had been positive before treatment. Clinical improvement was marked in four patients, moderate in three, and slight in three, no change occurring in the remaining three. These results suggest that di-iodohydroxyquinoline may be of value in the treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Charles James Kirkpatrick Orr
Authors: Ian Orr, Inder Bali
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant anaesthetist Waveney Hospital, Ballymena (b Pittsburgh 1916; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1939; FFA RCS), died from complications of bulbar palsy on 3 October 2005.



Figure 1



Charles worked in general practice before serving as a medical officer in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve from 1941 to 1946. Having developed an interest in anaesthetics, he trained at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, becoming principal registrar and tutor. As the first specialist anaesthetist appointed to the Mid Antrim Group of Hospitals he developed the service single handed for many years. He retired in 1981. He leaves Rita, his wife of 63 years; three children; and six grandchildren.
Decreased atherogenic response to dietary cholesterol in pigeons after stimulation of cholesterol catabolism in early life.
Authors: M T Subbiah, D Deitemeyer, R L Yunker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Cholesterol catabolism was stimulated in 6-wk-old White Carneau pigeons using a laboratory stock diet containing 1.3% cholestyramine resin. After 8 wk on this diet the animals were returned to control stock diet (no resin) for another 8-wk period. When subsequently challenged with a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol, cholestyramine-pretreated pigeons exhibited significantly lower serum cholesterol level when compared with controls and this "hyporesponder" behavior persisted throughout the study period. Furthermore, the aorta of cholestyramine-treated animals exhibited significantly (a) lower prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis and (b) lower cholesterol content. These studies demonstrate for the first time that enhancement of cholesterol catabolism in early life improves resistance to diet-induced atherosclerosis in later life in this avian model.
Effects of Breakfast Cereals Containing Various Amounts of β-Glucan Fibers on Plasma Glucose and Insulin Responses in NIDDM Subjects
Authors: L Tappy, E Gügolz, P Würsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To determine whether increasing doses (amounts) of beta-glucan present in an extruded breakfast cereal affect the glycemic and insulinemic responses in eight NIDDM subjects, compared with the same responses after a continental breakfast (bread, milk, cheese, ham).Breakfast cereals were produced using various proportions of oat bran enriched in fiber, which contain an unusually high amount of a viscous polysaccharide, called beta-glucan, and oat bran. The carbohydrate load was 35 g.The maximum increases observed in plasma glucose after the breakfast cereal were 67% (P < 0.05), 42% (P < 0.001), and 38% (P < 0.001) with 4.0, 6.0, and 8.4 g beta-glucan, respectively, compared with the continental breakfast. There was a linear inverse relationship between dose of beta-glucan and plasma glucose peak or area under the glucose curve (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.05). Postprandial insulin increase was only 59-67% (P < 0.01) as high as the continental breakfast after all three levels of beta-glucan.The 50% decrease in glycemic response that was observed after the ingestion of 35 g carbohydrate is estimated to occur with approximately 5 g beta-glucan. This dose of beta-glucan can easily be attained without the loss of taste by incorporating oat bran concentrate in products.
Intestinal Vascular Lesions Simulating Polyarteritis Nodosa after Resection of Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: R. L. Hurt, W. J. Hanbury
Journal: Thorax (1957)

it is only recently that mesenteric arterial nec- rosis, causing severe abdominal symptoms, has been recognized as a post-operative complication after resection of coarctation of the aorta.The first recorded case was mentioned briefly in a report by Sealy (1953) and later presented in detail, together with another similar case, by Benson and Sealy (1956).Two further cases, with lesions indistinguishable from periarteritis nodosa, were reported by Lober and Lillehei (1954), and another by Perez-Alvarez and Oudkerk (1955).No other cases have been reported in the literature, although copyright.
Ventilatory Efficiency and Aerobic Capacity Predict Event-Free Survival in Adults With Atrial Repair for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Alessandro Giardini, Alfred Hager, Astrid E. Lammers, Graham Derrick, Jan Müller, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Dolf Odendaal, Gaetano Gargiulo, Fernando M. Picchio, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Influence of prophylactic photochemotherapy on incidence of relapse of psoriasis cleared initially with dithranol.
Authors: J M Marks, C M Lawrence, M Corbett, P Coburn, S Parker, S Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Forty one patients whose psoriasis cleared with dithranol were given prophylatic photochemotherapy with psoralens and ultraviolet A once a week. With life table analysis the chance of remaining in remission for 16 months was shown to be 42% for these patients, compared with 13% for a group of patients who were not given prophylactic photochemotherapy.
Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis. Evidence for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Authors: W R Bowie, S P Wang, E R Alexander, J Floyd, P S Forsyth, H M Pollock, J S Lin, T M Buchanan, K K Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma), and Hemophilus vaginalis have previously been considered possible etiological agents in nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). In this study, current C. trachomatis infection was confirmed by culture and (or) micro-immunofluorescence serology in 26 of 69 men experiencing afirst episode of NGU, and 1 of 39 with no urethritis. Serum IgM immunofluorescent antibody to chlamydia was demonstrated in 16 of 20 men with chlamydia culture positive NGU, and 3 of 39 with chlamydia culture negative NG, and none of 34 with no urethritis. 9 of 10 culture positive men with less than or equal to 10 days symptoms developed immunofluorescent antibody seroconversion in paired sera. U. realyticum was isolated significantly more often and in significantly higher concentration from first voided urine from chlamydia-negative cases of NGU than from chlamydia-positive NGU. Ureaplasmacidal antibody titers increased fourfold in six men, four of whom had negative cultures for for unreaplasma. H. vaginalis was isolated from c9 of 33 men with no urethritis and 2 of 69 with NGU. C. trachomatis is susceptible, and U. urealyticum is resistant to sulfonamides. A 10-day course of sulfisoxazole therapy produced improvement in 13 of 13 chlamydia-positive, unreaplasma-negative, and only 14 of 29 chlamydia-negative, unreaplasma-positive NGU cases (P less than 0.002). Thus, culture, serology, and response to therapy support the etiologic role of chlamydia in NGU. Quantitative culture and response to therapy suggest U. unrealyticum may cause many cases of chlamydia-netative NGU.
Abstract 3127: The effect of Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) on bladder tumor growth in a mouse model
Authors: Chi-Chen Lu, Ling-Huei Tseng, Syue-Yi Chen, Jiann-Der Wu, Shu-Fen Wu, Michael W.Y. Chan, Yu-Wei Leu, Cheng-Da Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tumors in the world and tenth most common cancer in Taiwan. The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma (UC, formerly known as transitional cell carcinoma, TCC). The incidence rate is particularly high in southwestern coast of Taiwan. Treatment for superficial non-invasive bladder carcinoma is currently using intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C and BCG after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT). However, this therapy usually causes adverse effects including urinary frequency, urinary urgency, hematuria and tuberculosis infection. Therefore, we intend to find a complementary and alternative medicine for bladder cancer treatment which can bring a good result with less side effects. In our previous study, we found that a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) had an effect on growth inhibition of human bladder cancer cell lines as same as mitomycin-C, doxorubicin and cisplatin, but had mild toxicicity on normal human bladder epithelial cells. In this study we investigated whether GFW could be used as an intravesical chemotherapy agent in our orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model and compared its adverse effect with mitomycin-C and BCG. A mouse bladder cancer cell line, MB49, was selected and evaluated its response to GFW treatment. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was employed to analyze cell viability and flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle and apoptosis. MB49 cells were implanted into female C57BL/6 mice to generate our orthotopic bladder tumor model which was confirmed under a microscope in histology by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our data showed that GFW was a potent inhibitor of the proliferation of mouse bladder cancer cells in vitro as well as inhibited the tumor growth on MB49 bladder cancer orthotopic model. In addition, bladder hemorrhage which was observed in bladder cancer mice had completely disappeared 17 days after the intravesical GFW-treatment. These results support GFW as a strong candidate for intravesicle chemotherapy against bladder cancer. Citation Format: Chi-Chen Lu, Ling-Huei Tseng, Syue-Yi Chen, Jiann-Der Wu, Shu-Fen Wu, Michael W.Y. Chan, Yu-Wei Leu, Cheng-Da Hsu. The effect of Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) on bladder tumor growth in a mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3127
The Etiology of Scarlet Fever
Authors: George F. Dick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Owing to the constancy with which hemolytic streptococci of one kind or another have been found associated with scarlet fever, they have long been considered as a possible cause of the disease. Attempts to prove their causal relation have encountered many obstacles, chief of which has been the failure to produce experimental scarlet fever. <h3>TYPES OF STREPTOCOCCI</h3> The hemolytic streptococci associated with scarlet fever do not all show the same cultural characteristics. They may be divided into two groups according to their effect on mannite. In a series of 100 cases studied in 1922 and 1923, hemolytic streptococci were found in all; 16 per cent. of these strains fermented mannite, and 84 per cent. did not ferment mannite. In 1923, we<sup>1</sup>reported experimental scarlet fever produced with one of the strains that fermented mannite. This strain was isolated from a case of scarlet fever. It produced experimental scarlet fever.
Abstract 3782: Benzyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated by downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
Authors: Su-Hyeong Kim, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a highly promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of edible cruciferous vegetables such as gardencress. We have shown previously that BITC treatment inhibits viability of MDA-MB-231 (an estrogen-independent cell line expressing mutant p53) and MCF-7 (an estrogen-responsive cell line with wild-type p53) by causing reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. In addition, oral administration of BITC inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells subcutaneously or orthotopically implanted in female athymic mice without causing weight loss or any other side effects. More recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that dietary feeding of BITC offers protection against mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma development in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. The present study extends these exciting observations and determines role of p53 and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins in regulation of BITC-induced apoptosis. Exposure of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to apoptosis inducing concentrations of BITC (2.5 and 5.0 μM) resulted in up-regulation of p53 in MCF-7 cell line and down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in both cell lines. The BITC-mediated down-regulation of XIAP was evident as early as 8 h post-treatment. BITC-treated cell also exhibited induction of survivin especially in the MCF-7 cell line. The level of cIAP2 protein was only modestly increased upon treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with BITC. The BITC-induced apoptosis was only marginally affected by knockdown of p53 protein level by RNA interference. On the otehr hand, forced expression of XIAP protein conferred significant protection against BITC-mediated cytoplasmic histone-associated apoptotic DNA fragmentation in both cell lines. The BITC-induced cytoplasmic histone-associated apoptotic DNA fragmentation was significantly increased by knockdown of survivin protein in the MCF-7 cell line but not in the MDA-MB-231. These results indicate that down-regulation of XIAP contributes to the BITC-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, induction of survivin confers resistance against BITC-mediated cell death at least in the MCF-7 cell line. This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant CA129347-03. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3782.
A New Aerosol Formulation of Sodium Cromoglycate Compared with Conventional Powder in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: E. Stevens, A. M. Kochiuyt
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Sodium cormoglycate formulated as a pressurized aerosol was compared with the conventional powder for a period of 12 weeks in a double‐blind group comparison trial involving 48 patients. A double dummy technique was used: the dose of sodium cromoglycate was 2 mg four tunes daily by aerosol and 20 mg four times daily by Spinhaler®. Patients were able to use the correct technique for both aerosol and dry powder inhalation. Patients recorded the severity of their asthma symptoms, their morning and evening peak flow rate and the amount of other asthma therapy used, on a daily diary card. They also attended the clinic every 4 weeks for assessment. A statistical comparison of the efficacy of the powder and aerosol forms found no significant differences in clinical assessment of severity, diary card symptom scores, morning and evening peak flow readings or aerosol bronchodilator usage. Thirty‐four patients considered that the aerosol was more convenient and easier to use than the dry power inhaler.
Prognostic Factors in Advanced Hodgkin's Disease — Can They Guide Therapeutic Decisions?
Authors: Pauline Brice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Advanced Hodgkin's disease is usually defined according to the Ann Arbor clinical staging system. Patients often have stage III disease (involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm) or stage IV disease (involvement of one or more extranodal sites) at the time of presentation, and such patients constitute about 30 percent of those with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease. But the Ann Arbor staging system does not always identify patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease adequately. After treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients with stage IIIA disease (no systemic symptoms, which include fever, night sweats, and weight . . .
Musculoskeletal Disease: Staged for Rapid Comprehension
Authors: Wilson Del Pizzo
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In the preface, the author outlines his reasons and considerations for writing this book. His main thrust is toward physicians who are involved in musculoskeletal diseases. He has developed a system or format of four stages that he feels correlates with the problem-oriented approach utilized by physicians when treating patients. Stage one represents a problem that has no complications or minimal problems. Stage two involves moderate problems that are confined locally to the involved area. Stage three involves systemic complications and maximal problems. Stage four represents end-stage problems, failures, and death. The author has divided the book into eight arbitrary sections or chapters. In each chapter, he discusses musculoskeletal diseases and tries to describe them according to his four stages. Each disease has a table with the stages listed. The physical findings are listed according to how he feels they fall into the stages, and the treatment plans are also
c-Kit Is Suppressed in Human Colon Cancer Tissue and Contributes to L1-Mediated Metastasis
Authors: Nancy Gavert, Anna Shvab, Michal Sheffer, Amir Ben-Shmuel, Gal Haase, Eszter Bakos, Eytan Domany, Avri Ben-Ze'ev
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transmembrane neural cell adhesion receptor L1 is a Wnt/β-catenin target gene expressed in many tumor types. In human colorectal cancer, L1 localizes preferentially to the invasive front of tumors and when overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells, it facilitates their metastasis to the liver. In this study, we investigated genes that are regulated in human colorectal cancer and by the L1-NF-κB pathway that has been implicated in liver metastasis. c-Kit was the most highly suppressed gene in both colorectal cancer tissue and the L1-NF-κB pathway. c-Kit suppression that resulted from L1-mediated signaling relied upon NF-κB, which directly inhibited the transcription of SP1, a major activator of the c-Kit gene promoter. Reconstituting c-Kit expression in L1-transfected cells blocked the biological effects conferred by L1 overexpression in driving motility and liver metastasis. We found that c-Kit expression in colorectal cancer cells is associated with a more pronounced epithelial morphology, along with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of Slug. Although c-Kit overexpression inhibited the motility and metastasis of L1-expressing colorectal cancer cells, it enhanced colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, arguing that separate pathways mediate tumorigenicity and metastasis by c-Kit. Our findings provide insights into how colorectal cancer metastasizes to the liver, the most common site of dissemination in this cancer. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5754–63. ©2013 AACR.
Beijing pollution is becoming a "public health catastrophe," expert says
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The heavy smog blanketing Beijing and other major cities in central and eastern China highlights the public health catastrophe accompanying the country’s rapid economic development, a leading expert on air pollution has said.

“The levels we have seen in the last few days are approaching those of the catastrophic London fog in 1952, which killed 4500 people in five days,” said Anthony Hedley, honorary professor at the University of Hong Kong’s School of Public Health.

Pollution levels in Beijing started climbing late last week, with the level of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs, peaking at 993 micrograms per cubic metre, 40 times the World Health Organization’s maximum limit for safe exposure. Although such …
Persistence of Improvement in Antibiotic Prescribing in Office Practice
Authors: Wayne A. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We evaluated persistence of the prescribing improvement seen in a previous statewide controlled trial, which measured improvement in the prescribing of contraindicated antibiotics and oral cephalosporins in the year after an educational intervention. Doctors visited by physician-counselors substantially improved their prescribing of both classes of drugs. The beneficial effect of the physician-counselors persisted throughout year 2, with attributable reductions in prescribing of 30% and savings of $950 for each doctor visited. The marked and lasting improvement in prescribing produced by the physician-counselors suggests using this model to develop ongoing programs to improve prescribing.
Progressive Accumulation of Activity on Scrotal Scintigraphy in Early Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia
Authors: MARK TULCHINSKY, MARK A. TULLI, DOUGLAS F. EGGLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors describe a patient with acute scrotum secondary to incarcerated indirect inguinal hernia (IIH). A testicular scan obtained shortly after onset of pain demonstrated progressively increasing tracer accumulation in the affected scrotum. Blood pooling within engorged veins of the incarcerated bowel segment were found on surgical exploration. This pattern has not been previously described on scrotal scanning in IIH cases. The patient also had uncomplicated and asymptomatic IIH on the opposite side that demonstrated a typical photopenic hemiscrotum.