tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IOM Addresses Ongoing Effects of Blast Injury on Soldiers
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Soldiers exposed to explosions during war are at increased risk of long-term adverse health outcomes, and better research is needed to understand how such blasts affect health and to learn how to treat veterans with blast exposure, conclude the authors of an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report. The report, “Gulf War and Health, Volume 9: Long-Term Effects of Blast Exposures,” released February 13, 2014 rates the strength of scientific evidence on health outcomes from exposure to blasts. It then makes recommendations for research most likely to provide the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) the data it needs to determine how best to prevent blast injuries; diagnose them effectively; and manage, treat, and rehabilitate veterans of battlefield traumas, both in the immediate aftermath of a blast and in the long-term (http://tinyurl.com/oacgkxq). Language: en
The NAS Perchlorate Review: Adverse Effects?
Authors: Richard B. Johnston, Richard Corley, Linda Cowan, Robert D. Utiger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Siemiatycki et al. (2004) published a list of occupational carcinogens based largely on the evaluations published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), augmented with additional information on the extent of workplace exposure.They considered 28 agents as definite human occupational carcinogens (IARC group 1), 27 agents as probable occupational carcinogens (group 2A), and 113 agents as possible occupational carcinogens (group 2B).However, missing from their list of occupational carcinogens is magnetic fields (MFs) at extremely low frequencies (ELF; 3-3000-Hz), which were classified as group 2B by IARC ( 2002).IARC's final conclusion (IARC 2002) is as follows:Overall, extremely low frequency magnetic fields were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IIB), based on the statistical association of higher level residential ELF magnetic fields and increased risk for childhood leukaemia.
Chromosomal Aberrations in Two Cases of Inherited Aplastic Anemia with Unusual Clinical Features
Authors: RICHARD J. HIRSCHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two brothers had aplastic anemia similar to Fanconi anemia but without associated congenital abnormalities. Both had mild clinical courses and prolonged response to androgen therapy, one had persistent remission for 3 years after therapy. Cultured peripheral lymphocytes of both patients showed a high prevalence of chromosomal breaks characteristic of Fanconi anemia. Electron microscopy did not show a morphologic basis for the chromosomal breaks. One brother had a stable translocation chromosome in bone marrow erythroid and myeloid cells. The other's cultured skin fibroblasts showed an increased susceptibility to "malignant" transformation by SV40 virus, a finding also characteristic of Fanconi anemia. Skin fibroblasts from the normal mother and a normal sister showed an increased susceptibility to "malignant" transformation, suggesting that this test may provide a means of detecting the heterozygous carrier state. Since the patients studied could not be diagnosed as having Fanconi anemia on clinical grounds alone but did appear to represent a variant of the disease on the basis of chromosomal analysis and viral transformation studies, these tests may prove to be useful in distinguishing Fanconi-type anemia from other familial aplastic anemias and in predicting response to therapy.
Medicine's Urban Legend?
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of a therapeutic cocaine vaccine in rodent models
Authors: Barbara S. Fox, Kathleen M. Kantak, Melissa A. Edwards, Kerry M. Black, Brenda K. Bollinger, Alison J. Botka, Tammy L. French, Terry L. Thompson, Victoria C. Schad, Julia L. Greenstein, Malcolm L. Gefter, Mark A. Exley, Philip A. Swain, Thomas J. Briner
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Reiter's Syndrome in Siblings
Authors: John J. Calabro
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In a recent letter toThe Journal(237:960, 1977) Stephen Gelfand, MD, of Fullerton, Calif, described two brothers with Reiter's syndrome (RS). He could find only two reports of family members with RS in the literature. We would like to mention two additional families with RS observed by us and bring attention to an exhaustive review of familial clustering reported in 1971 by Dr Armin Good, MD,<sup>1</sup>who cites ten reports including the two noted by Dr Gelfand. Family members with RS including ours are shown in the following table: The HLA-B27 was present in all five of our patients, as it was in the two reported by Dr Gelfand. Data on this genetic marker in RS were not available before 1973. Clearly, testing for the HLA-B27 will facilitate the diagnosis of RS in atypical cases and thereby promote further recognition of familial clustering.
Biotin Deficiency Complicating Parenteral Alimentation-Reply
Authors: Craig J. McClain
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We certainly agree that the article by Mock et al represents the first report of biotin deficiency complicating parenteral alimentation. Indeed, it was this article that directed our thinking toward biotin deficiency in our patients. Dr Mock is concerned that we "did not document biotin deficiency in the patient described." Dr Herman Baker kindly consented to measure biotin levels for us as he did in Mock's case, but, unfortunately, our specimens had been frozen and thawed so many times looking at various trace metals and fatty acids as possible sources of the patient's problems that the specimens became bacterially contaminated and unfit for biotin analysis. However, we believe that our patient's condition does represent a case of biotin deficiency for the following reasons: The patient had skin lesions typical of biotin deficiency that rapidly corrected with MVI-12 administration (with biotin being the only new nutrient). Slit-lamp examination showed
Long-term prognosis of duodenal ulcer: follow-up study and survey of doctors' estimates.
Authors: J Greibe, P Bugge, T Gjorup, T Lauritzen, O Bonnevie, H R Wulff
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In 1976 we reviewed a randomly selected cohort of 227 patients with duodenal ulcer first diagnosed in 1963. The cohort comprised cases diagnosed in both hospitals and general practice. Fifty patients had died, 12 had emigrated, and 154 (93%) of the remaining patients were interviewed. Fifty-seven medically treated patients had no symptoms, 44 had mild symptoms, and 19 had more severe symptoms. The remaining 34 patients had been treated surgically. Cases diagnosed in hospital had a more severe prognosis than those diagnosed in general practice. A random sample of 65 general practitioners and 78 medical and surgical gastroenterologists tried to predict the results of this study. The range of the predictions was very wide showing that individual prognostic estimates were highly unreliable. The mean prediction by all doctors differed little from the actual result, suggesting that the collective experience of the medical profession is more reliable. The predictions of general practitioners, physicians, and surgeons showed small systematic differences, presumably reflecting the different types of patients they treat.
Liver Metastasis from Embryonal Carcinoma of the Ovary with Complete Situs Inversus
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, SAMIR MOTAWI, SHAUKAT JAHAN, HALINA KUBASIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Embryonal carcinoma of the ovary in a 17-year-old Saudi girl with complete situs inversus is reported. According to reports since 1936, this is the sixteenth case of cancer associated with complete situs inversus, the second ovarian cancer, the first embryonal carcinoma of the ovary, and the youngest cancer case to be reported in association with this congenital anomaly.
Clear cell eccrine porocarcinoma with extensive cutaneous metastasis and peripheral lymphocyte dysfunction
Authors: C-C.E. Lan, H-S. Yu, W-T. Liao, R.C-C. Hsu, J-C. Chung, K-B. Tsai, G-S. Chen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

An 81-year-old woman came to our clinic (Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan) with multiple erythematous, indurated papules over the left side of her face. Two years earlier, the patient had a skin biopsy done at a similar anatomical area with the histopathological diagnosis of Bowen's disease. After reviewing surgical specimens and confirming no systemic involvement, clear cell eccrine porocarcinoma with extensive cutaneous metastasis has been diagnosed. In addition, the peripheral blood lymphocyte function of the patient was evaluated. The expression of interleukin-2 receptors on lymphocytes after stimulation is abnormal compared with the age-matched normal control and a patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This clinical manifestation of eccrine porocarcinoma is exceptional, and lymphocyte dysfunction in this patient has probably contributed to extensive cutaneous metastasis.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN PERU
Authors: Alberto Hurtado
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  InLOOKmagazine, Aug. 30, 1960, an article appeared concerning hospital care and medical education in Peru. This was the result of a brief visit to Lima several weeks earlier by two members of the editorial staff of that magazine, during which the most cordial facilities were extended to them. Such an article, in addition to representing an ill use of hospitality, gives unmistakable evidence of an intention to exaggerate possible deficiencies and of avoiding—willingly—the presentation of facts which demonstrate constant efforts to improve conditions.  The representatives ofLOOKdeliberately ignored that in the hospitals, where the abundant and sensational graphic information was obtained, many improvements have been made in recent years, such as expanded physical and equipment facilities in medical and surgical wards and in outpatient sections, new laboratories for routine and research activities, dormitories for residents and interns, and others. The reporters were invited to
Immune-Based Antitumor Effects of BRAF Inhibitors Rely on Signaling by CD40L and IFNγ
Authors: Ping-Chih Ho, Katrina M. Meeth, Yao-Chen Tsui, Bhaskar Srivastava, Marcus W. Bosenberg, Susan M. Kaech
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract B-RafV600E inhibitors have been suggested to promote tumor regression with the help of host immunity, but this hypothesis has not been examined directly in detail. In this study, we profiled immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in a B-RafV600E/Pten-driven murine model of melanoma after administration of the B-RafV600E small molecule inhibitor PLX4720. In this model, we found that as tumors developed, they gradually acquired immunosuppressive features, including accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid cells and loss of Th1 effector functions on CD4+ TILs, such as CD40L and IFNγ expression. PLX4720 administration promoted development of a more immune stimulatory microenvironment associated with a relative increase in CD40L and IFNγ expression on intratumoral CD4+ TILs and a reduced accumulation of Tregs and CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid cells. Strikingly, CD40L or IFNγ blockade compromised the ability of PLX4720 to inhibit melanoma growth. Supporting this result, agonistic CD40 antibody was sufficient to evoke antitumor immunity and suppress tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our results establish the critical role of immune-related changes, with key contributions for CD40L and IFNγ signaling in the antitumor responses triggered in vivo by B-RafV600E inhibitors. Cancer Res; 74(12); 3205–17. ©2014 AACR.
Immune complex binding by immunocamouflaged [poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted] erythrocytes
Authors: Amanda J. Bradley, Mark D. Scott
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Immune complexes (IC) are constantly formed at low levels in normal individuals. In humans, the red blood cell (RBC) complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays the dominant role in the IC binding and clearance. Over the last several years, we have investigated the potential utility of immunocamouflaged (methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG] grafted) RBC to attenuate the risk of alloimmunization. Because the grafted polymer nonspecifically camouflages membrane proteins, its effects on CR1 detection and IC binding were assessed. The dose dependent (0–2.5 mM) effects of activated mPEG (CmPEG, 5 kDa; and BTCmPEG, 5 and 20 kDa) on CR1 detection and the binding of artificially generated IC [C3b coated alkaline phosphatase and antialkaline phosphatase complexes] to control and pegylated RBC was investigated by flow cytometry. In contrast to selected non‐ABO blood group antigens, grafted mPEG did not effectively camouflage CR1. Surprisingly, however, even very low grafting concentrations of mPEG (≥0.3 mM) resulted in a ≥95% loss in IC binding. Further reductions in grafting concentration (0.15 and 0.03 mM mPEG) still yielded decreased IC binding of ∼60 and 40%, respectively. Importantly, unactivated mPEG had minimal effects on IC binding. These data demonstrate that even small amounts of grafted mPEG interfere with the multivalent CR1‐IC interaction necessary for high affinity IC binding, hence large volume transfusions of mPEG‐RBC may be contraindicated in patients with pre‐existing IC disease. Whether this concern is of clinical significance in healthy humans is less clear due to dilutional effects and the presence of secondary clearance pathways. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two mutations in the KINDLIN3 gene of a new leukocyte adhesion deficiency III patient reveal distinct effects on leukocyte function in vitro
Authors: Alison McDowall, Lena Svensson, Paula Stanley, Irene Patzak, Probir Chakravarty, Kimberley Howarth, Himalee Sabnis, Michael Briones, Nancy Hogg
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 4702: Caveolin-1 confers a multi-modality therapy resistance phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Moumita Chatterjee, Terence M. Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a 21kDa protein found in 50-100nm omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane known as caveolae. It has been implicated in the processes of oncogenic cell transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Cav-1 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and has been shown to be correlated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that Cav-1 promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and that downregulation may lead to sensitization to radiation and/or chemotherapy. We found that radiation and chemotherapy up-regulate Cav-1 expression, and that downregulating Cav-1 in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines by small interfering RNA induces sensitization to chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Furthermore, genetic knockdown causes reduction in tumor cell proliferation and colony formation. Knockdown of caveolin-1 also led to radiosensitization of tumor cells and resulted in delayed DNA repair as demonstrated by delayed pH2.AX foci resolution, increased mitotic catastrophe, as well as decreased formation of BRCA1 and DNAPK-cs foci in the nuclei of these cells. Furthermore, Cav-1 loss promoted cleavage of Caspase-9 and PARP after treatment with gemcitabine. These results indicate that knocking down Cav-1 in pancreatic cancer cells sensitizes them to radiation with delayed DNA damage repair and also to chemotherapeutics with the onset of apoptosis. In vivo, stable knockdown of Cav-1 attenuated the rate of tumor growth significantly compared to control tumors in subcutaneous xenograft pancreatic tumors. In summary we conclude that Cav-1 is responsible in promoting resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells and that downregulation of this protein leads to improved therapeutic response. Thus, it is possible that caveolin-1 may serve as a prognostic predictive biomarker in pancreatic cancer patients for response to radiation and chemotherapy. Citation Format: Moumita Chatterjee, Terence M. Williams. Caveolin-1 confers a multi-modality therapy resistance phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4702. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4702
Neurofibromatosis with leukaemia.
Authors: W R McWhirter, D C Savage, B M Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

and in chronic renal failure a satisfactory diuresis may be obtained.That no deafness was evident with the smaller dose suggests that the effect is dose dependent, not a sensitivity phenomenon.In view of its inconstancy from person to person, however, there clearly are other variables, such as patient idiosyncrasy or possibly degree of renal failure to consider.The phenomenon appears to be of a benign prognosis.-I am, etc.,
How Should We Screen for Colorectal Cancer?
Authors: Joe V. Selby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The past year has witnessed substantial gains in our knowledge regarding colorectal cancer screening tests. In this issue ofThe Journal, Ahlquist et al<sup>1</sup>provide the best estimate yet of the sensitivity of currently available fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for asymptomatic cancer. Confirming what has been suspected previously,<sup>2-4</sup>their data indicate that both Hemoccult and HemoQuant methods detect less than 50% of these cancers. Even if we adjust this estimate upward to account for some loss of sensitivity during mailing, estimated sensitivity would not approach 50%. The authors describe clearly the errors inherent in the many, usually higher, estimates of sensitivity that have been offered over the years. Simply put, the sensitivity of FOBT for asymptomatic cancer cannot be accurately estimated from studies in persons with symptomatic cancers. Both FOBT and full colonoscopy must be performed in several thousand asymptomatic persons to identify those with cancer in
A different way to combine direct perception with intersensory interaction
Authors: Thomas Mergner, Wolfgang Becker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

There is a discrepancy between Stoffregen & Bardy's concept with experimental work on human self-motion perception. We suggest an alternative: (1) higher brain centers are informed by a given sensory cue in a direct and rapid way (direct perception), and (2) this information is then used to prime and shape a more complex mechanism that usually involves several cues and processing steps (inferential).
Risk factors for tumor lysis syndrome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol
Authors: K A Blum, A S Ruppert, J A Woyach, J A Jones, L Andritsos, J M Flynn, B Rovin, M Villalona-Calero, J Ji, M Phelps, A J Johnson, M R Grever, J C Byrd
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
A Clinical Study of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: G. B. Haugen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your commendatory editorial in the Aug 11 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181</b>:549) entitled "A Clinical Study of Ulcerative Colitis" is somewhat surprising. The authors of the article (Fullerton, Kollar, and Caldwell,<b>181</b>:463) on which the editorial is based used no controls whatsoever. Certainly more than usual precautions should be taken in planning a study of a condition of unknown etiology such as this. Any practising physician could furnish a list of persons with "immature or defective egos" who were seriously disturbed over the loss of a job, denial of a promotion, separation from the family, and so forth. Ulcerative colitis, however, is a fairly rare disorder. I am sure you are aware of the tendency of researchers to develop a theory and then look for material to support it—to try to prove a hypothesis rather than to test it. Adherents to the currently popular "dynamic
The fetal origins of adult disease
Authors: R. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

David Barker pioneered the idea that the 20th century epidemic of coronary heart disease in Western countries might have originated in fetal life.1

Paradoxically, the epidemic coincided with improved standards of living and nutrition, yet in Britain its greatest impact was in the most deprived areas. Barker observed that early in the 20th century these areas had the highest rates of neonatal mortality and by inference the highest rates of low birth weight. He postulated that impaired fetal growth might have predisposed the survivors to heart disease in later life. The first world congress on the fetal origins of adult disease in Mumbai earlier this month provided an opportunity to assess the state of the hypothesis and consider its implications for future research and policy.

Barker's group originally examined cardiovascular mortality in men born in Hertfordshire, England, in the early decades of the century, on whom good records had been kept of size at birth and growth in infancy. Deaths from ischaemic heart disease were indeed commoner in men who had been small at birth and at 1 year. This kind of retrospective cohort study depends on anthropometric measurements in infancy having been preserved. At least seven such studies have shown that lower birth weight is associated with higher risks of later ischaemic heart disease and diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. These …
Editorial
Authors: GEORGE E. WAKERLIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

United States with Particular Reference to National Voluntary and Official Health Agencies CARDIOLOGISTS, other physicians, and medical scientists engaged in cardiovas- cular research are familiar with research sup- port programs in this field and with major problems associated with such programs.How- ever, cardiologists, internists, and physicians in general medicine who are predominantly or wholly concerned with medical practice have less opportunity to be informed about biomedical research support programs that play a vital role in facilitating scientific ad- vances not -infrequently of importance to medical practice.Practicing physicians should therefore find a critique of cardiovascular and biomedical research support with particular reference to national voluntary and official health agencies of value to their roles as.knowledgeable physicians, community leaders, and responsible citizens, particularly in view of recent criticisms of biomedical research support.Accordingly, this editorial will deal with the research support program of the American Heart Association, its affiliates and chapters; interrelations of the cardiovascular research support programs of heart associations and official health agencies; financing cardiovascu- lar research; recent criticisms of biomedical research support; and recommendations for the future.The viewpoints and recommendations of