tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopy for control of single lung ventilation in infants and children
Authors: Ines Azevedo, Catarina Ferraz, Maria Ana Pires, Tiago Henriques-Coelho, Susana Vargas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Experience with selective intubation for minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery is scarce in children.  Purpose: to evaluate the role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) for selective intubation during thoracoscopic surgery in children.  Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical charts from children who underwent thoracoscopic surgery with independent lung ventilation, under FOB control, in a terciary care center, during 2012.  Results: Six patients (50% boys), median age 26 months (14 to 92 months) were submitted to surgery, 5 for lung resection due to congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and one for resection of mediastinal adenopathies. Selective intubation was controlled with Olympus neonatal or pediatric bronchoscopes. Depending on age, different techniques were used for endobronchial blocking: double lumen Bronchopart tube, Fogarty balloon or the Amdt endobronchial blocker. Blocker placement was performed successfully at the first or second attempt but dislodgement into the trachea easily occurred during lateral positioning of the patient, so in the last cases it was done when patients were already in lateral decubitus. Dislodgement was rare during surgery. In the youngest child it was not possible to block entirely the right lung, but exclusion of the middle and lower lobes was achieved. FOB detected an inadvertent submucosal dissection with a Fogarty catheter and allowed to remove a balloon that accidentally ruptured during inflation. No other complications were reported during or after surgery.  Conclusion: FOB is essential for assessment of correct positioning of endobronchial blockers or double lumen endobronchial tubes and maintenance of single lung ventilation in young children.
Abstract 16136: Anti-fibrotic Effect of Prostaglandin E2-EP4 in the Heart
Authors: Ryo Ishiwata, Utako Yokoyama, Shiori Inoue, Yasuhiro Ichikawa, Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis leads to heart failure, which is not curable with current therapy. Previously, we have shown that cyclic AMP signaling attenuated cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting ...
Guidance for control of infections with carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care facilities.
Authors: W. Lledo, M. Hernandez, E. Lopez, O. L. Molinari, R. Q. Soto, E. Hernandez, N. Santiago, M. Flores, G. J. Vazquez, I. E. Robledo, E. García-Rivera, A. Cortes, M. Ramos, R. Goering, A. Srinivasan, C. Gould, N. Stine, M. Bell, K. Anderson, B. Kitchel, B. Wong, J. K. Rasheed, J. Patel, K. Tomashek, E. Llata
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
Blood cell redistribution in the lung after administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Authors: E Gatti, GV Scagliotti, G Ferrari, L Mutti, E Pozzi, A Stacchini, L Fubini, M Aglietta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in addition to being a haematopoietic growth factor, has been shown to stimulate in vitro the production of interleukins 1, 6 and 8 (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and GM-CSF by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the lung, and the growth and differentiation of resident alveolar macrophages. The aim of this study was to establish whether recombinant GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF), administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 micrograms.kg-1 for 3 days in five patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer before starting chemotherapy, induces an increase in the alveolar cell count, and whether these cellular lung variations may be related to increases in the above-mentioned cytokines. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell count, polymorphonuclear cells, neutrophils, and alveolar macrophages increased significantly in comparison with the baseline, and the extent of variation of the BAL cell count was considerably greater than that of the circulating leucocytes. The mean levels of all the cytokines increased, but a significant difference with respect to the basal condition was observed only for IL-6 and IL-8. After rhGM-CSF treatment, significant correlations were found between neutrophil counts and the levels of IL-6 and IL-8. In conclusion, rhGM-CSF administration induces a cellular expansion in the lung, and the neutrophil increase appears to be related to increased levels of IL-8.
Victims of violence and psychiatric illness
Authors: Elaine (Hilberman) Carmen, Patricia Perri Rieker, Trudy Mills
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors investigated the relationship between physical and sexual abuse and psychiatric illness. The life experiences of 188 male and female psychiatric patients were reconstructed through an in-depth examination of psychiatric inpatient records. Almost half of the patients had histories of physical and/or sexual abuse; 90% of the abused patients had been victimized by family members. The abused patients' responses to chronic victimization included difficulty in coping with anger and aggression, impaired self-esteem, and inability to trust. The authors compare male and female victims and discuss the clinical implications of abuse.
Six-year lung function observation and impact of smoking ban in healthy miners at high altitude (4000 meters)
Authors: Denis Vinnikov, Nurlan Brimkulov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim of this study was to assess annual lung function change in 109 newly employed healthy subjects (age 31.8 ± 6.7 years) exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia during six years of continuous employment at a gold mine. The first four of these years included exposure to smoking at the work place. We assumed that lung function would decrease more steeply over time before the implementation of a workplace smoking ban in 2009. We performed spirometry in all study subjects annually, as part of annual routine screening, during a six-year period between August 2005 and August 2011. We analysed differences in lung function changes before and after the workplace smoking ban. The mean FEV1 (litres) in the period before the smoking ban declined from a mean of 4.17 (95% CI 4.05 to 4.3 L) to 3.78 (95% CI 3.66;3.91). In smokers (N=54) FEV1 decreased from 4.37 ± 0.62 to 4.03 ± 0.48 litres, while in non-smokers (N=55) from 4.01 ± 0.79 to 3.75 ± 0.91 litres. Institution of a workplace smoking ban in high-altitude mining companies may be beneficial in terms of lung function decline both for non-smoking and smoking workers.
Prediction of the lung adenocarcinoma metastatic spread according to initial CT examination
Authors: Tamara Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Ivkovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Adenocarcinoma of the lung gives a wide specter of different metastatic spread. Often we can find them before primary neoplasm. Therapy and prognosis depends not only on possibility of medicament or surgical treatment but also on location of neoplasm.  Aim of the study is to show spread direction of lung adenocarcinoma according to localization of primary neoplasm followed by computerized tomography.   Material and methods:  This is study of 4356 patients with 14528 CT examinations. All patients were with adenocarcinoma of the lung. All examination were performed on 16 or 64 MDCT, using virtual bronchoscopy were it was possible. Metastatic spread was followed by conventional radiography, ultrasound, scintigraphy, MDCT and MRI according on location. Male patients were 2821 (64.76%), female 1535 (35.24%). Middle age of patients was 68.3 years.   Results:  We divided results according to lobar anatomy parts of the first sign of neoplasm on initial CT examination, with hilar presentation of neoplasm like separate entity. Neoplasm of both upper lung lobes were spread dominantly on supra renal gland (67.14%), after that on liver and then on bones. Neoplasm of middle right lobe was spread in both hilar regions. Basal tumors are mostly spread in bones (34.73%) and after that in liver. Hilar neoplasm spread to brain mostly (76.36%). Second group were patients were we find metastatic spread before primary neoplasm and on second examination lung adenocarcinoma.   Conclusion:  Spread prediction of lung neoplasm is very important for therapy and prognosis. CT is golden standard for evaluation.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for better management of cutaneous pink lesions
Authors: M. Ardigò, H.P. Soyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Reflectance confocal microscopy for better management of cutaneous pink lesions Get access M. Ardigò, M. Ardigò San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS IFO Via Chianesi 53 00144 Rome Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-4937 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.P. Soyer H.P. Soyer Dermatology Research Centre School of Medicine Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD AustraliaDepartment of Dermatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-561X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 1, 1 July 2015, Pages 6–7, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13820 Published: 01 July 2015
Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease in Recipients of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Phase IV Trial
Authors: Liping Wan, Yicheng Zhang, Yongrong Lai, Ming Jiang, Yongping Song, Jianfeng Zhou, Zhongming Zhang, Xianlin Duan, Yuewen Fu, Lianming Liao, Chun Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

For recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT), we hypothesized that prophylactic therapy during neutropenia with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) decreases invasive fungal disease (IFD).We randomly assigned 206 patients undergoing alloHSCT to receive once-daily subcutaneous GM-CSF (5 to 7 μg/kg per day), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 5 to 7 μg/kg per day), or a combination of G-CSF and GM-CSF (2 to 3 μg/kg per day each). Treatment was started on day 5 after transplantation and was continued until the absolute neutrophil count was ≥ 1.5 × 10(9)/L for 2 consecutive days. The primary outcomes were 100-day incidence of proven and probable IFD and response rate of antifungal treatment.For the intent-to-treat population, there was no significant difference in 100-day incidences of proven and probable IFD among the three groups. The antifungal treatment response was better in the GM-CSF group and G-CSF+GM-CSF group than in G-CSF group from day 22 to day 100 (P = .009). The 100-day cumulative mortality after transplantation was lower in the GM-CSF group than in the G-CSF group (10.3% v 24.6%, respectively; P = .037). The GM-CSF and G-CSF+GM-CSF groups had lower 100-day transplantation-related mortality than the G-CSF group (8.8%, 8.7%, and 21.7%, respectively; P = .034). After a median follow-up of 600 days, IFD-related mortality was lower in the groups that received GM-CSF or G-CSF+GM-CSF compared with G-CSF (1.47%, 1.45%, and 11.59%, respectively; P = .016). There were no significant differences in relapse, graft-versus-host disease, or hemorrhage-related mortality among the three groups of patients.For recipients of alloHSCT, compared with G-CSF, prophylactic GM-CSF was associated with lower 100-day transplantation-related mortality, lower 100-day cumulative mortality, and lower 600-day IFD-related mortality.
Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase and Resistance to mTOR Inhibition in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Rony A. François, Kyungah Maeng, Akbar Nawab, Frederic J. Kaye, Steven N. Hochwald, Maria Zajac-Kaye
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediates survival of normal pancreatic islets through activation of AKT. Upon malignant transformation of islet cells into pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), AKT is frequently overexpressed and mutations in the AKT/mTOR pathway are detected. Because mTOR inhibitors rarely induce PanNET tumor regression, partly because of feedback activation of AKT, novel combination strategies are needed to target FAK/AKT/mTOR signaling.We characterized the activation of FAK in PanNETs using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis and tested the FAK inhibitor PF-04554878 in human PanNET cells in vitro and in vivo (at least three mice per group). In addition, we evaluated the effect of combined FAK and mTOR inhibition on PanNET viability and apoptosis. All statistical tests were two-sided.We found that FAK is overexpressed and hyperphosphorylated in human PanNETs and that PF-04554878 strongly inhibited FAK (Tyr397) autophosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. We found that PF-04554878 inhibited cell proliferation and clonogenicity and induced apoptosis in PanNET cells. Moreover, oral administration of PF-04554878 statistically significantly reduced tumor growth in a patient-derived xenograft model of PanNET (P = .02) and in a human PanNET xenograft model of peritoneal carcinomatosis (P = .03). Importantly, PF-04554878 synergized with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus by preventing feedback AKT activation.We demonstrate for the first time that FAK is overexpressed in PanNETs and that inhibition of FAK activity induces apoptosis and inhibits PanNET proliferation. We found that the novel FAK inhibitor PF-04554878 synergizes with everolimus, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved agent for PanNETs. Our findings warrant the clinical investigation of combined FAK and mTOR inhibition in PanNETs.
Immunofluorescent Localization of Alpha 1 Fetoprotein in Yolk Sac Carcinomas of the Rat 2
Authors: M. C. Delacourt, H. Sobis, M. Vandeputte
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Immunofluorescent Localization of Alpha1 Fetoprotein in Yolk Sac Carcinomas of the Rat Get access M. C. Delacourt, M. C. Delacourt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Sobis, H. Sobis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Vandeputte M. Vandeputte 3Rega Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 6, December 1976, Pages 1375–1377, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.6.1375 Published: 01 December 1976 Article history Received: 01 March 1976 Revision received: 30 April 1976 Published: 01 December 1976
The impact of hypertonic saline inhalation on nasal nitric oxide levels and mucociliary clearance
Authors: Alica Bencova, Jaroslav Vidan, Eva Rozborilova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and aims: Nitric oxide (NO) has an influence on airway physiology by mediation in ciliary activity and mucociliary clearance (MCC), inflammation, host defense, bronchial tone and pulmonary vascular resistance. The aim of our study was to establish the relation between nasal nitric oxide levels (nNO) and mucociliary clearance and the impact of hypertonic saline inhalation on these markers what was never established before.  Methods: We examined 43 subjects. nNO was measured in right (RnNO) and left (LnNO) nostril before and after inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS) using analyzer NIOX. MCC was measured before and after inhalation of HS by saccharin test.  Results: The levels of nNO before inhalation of HS (RnNO 806 ppb, IQR-337.6; LnNO 854 ppb, IQR 295.8) were significantly lower than levels after inhalation (RnNO 841.8 ppb, IQR 342.3; LnNO 897.4ppb, IQR 304.1) (p  Conclusion: An increase in osmolarity of the airway surface increases MCC and nNO, what could help to clear accumulated secretions in the airways and prevent respiratory tract infections.
New developments in Nestle court case in India
Authors: T. Jindal
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—R K Anand's editorial about the World Health Assembly's resolution urging member states to prevent the baby food industry from providing financial or other support for health workers is timely.1 Though Indian law has encouraged the major professional bodies to stop taking support from the infant food industry, Nestle is now offering support to general practitioners in the guise of teaching about the …
Therapeutic Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer and Other Diseases
Authors: Qi‐Wei Jiang, Mei‐Wan Chen, Ke‐Jun Cheng, Pei‐Zhong Yu, Xing Wei, Zhi Shi
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2015)

Abstract Steroidal alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites isolated from plants, amphibians, and marine invertebrates. Evidence accumulated in the recent two decades demonstrates that steroidal alkaloids have a wide range of bioactivities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive, etc., suggesting their great potential for application. It is therefore necessary to comprehensively summarize the bioactivities, especially anticancer activities and mechanisms of steroidal alkaloids. Here we systematically highlight the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of steroidal alkaloids such as dendrogenin, solanidine, solasodine, tomatidine, cyclopamine, and their derivatives. Furthermore, other bioactivities of steroidal alkaloids are also discussed. The integrated molecular mechanisms in this review can increase our understanding on the utilization of steroidal alkaloids and contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Although the therapeutic potentials of steroidal alkaloids look promising in the preclinical and clinical studies, further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are mandated to define their efficacy and safety in cancer and other diseases.
Height-reducing variants and selection for short stature in Sardinia
Authors: Magdalena Zoledziewska, Carlo Sidore, Charleston W K Chiang, Serena Sanna, Antonella Mulas, Maristella Steri, Fabio Busonero, Joseph H Marcus, Michele Marongiu, Andrea Maschio, Diego Ortega Del Vecchyo, Matteo Floris, Antonella Meloni, Alessandro Delitala, Maria Pina Concas, Federico Murgia, Ginevra Biino, Simona Vaccargiu, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Kirk E Lohmueller, Nicholas J Timpson, Nicole Soranzo, Ioanna Tachmazidou, George Dedoussis, Eleftheria Zeggini, Sergio Uzzau, Chris Jones, Robert Lyons, Andrea Angius, Gonçalo R Abecasis, John Novembre, David Schlessinger, Francesco Cucca
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Imaging of empyema (EMP) in children: How bedside ultrasonography (US) impact on clinical practice?
Authors: Mattia Guerra, Andrea Magnolato, Laura Deroma, Anna Pusiol, Giovanni Crichiutti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of childhood EMP. Although recent literature recommend the use of US as the central imaging investigation, its use is not as widespread as traditional radiology.    Aim   To gather data on how the availability of a portable US machine in a paediatric Department along with an adequate training on US technique influence clinician9s conduct in the follow-up of EMP    Methods   Retrospective case note review of 35 children diagnosed with EMP and admitted to our tertiary Unit to undergo pleural drainage. Followings data regarding imaging and clinical outcome were extrapolated: length of hospital stay (LOS) and of drainage, number of CXR, CT and US per patient during the hospital stay. The whole study period was divided into two main temporal subgroups (2000-06;07-13), id est before and after the implementation at our Institution of paediatrician9s cultural and instrumental paraphernalia    Results   The second part of the study was characterized by an increased use of US by trained clinicians, with a significant reduction in the recourse to CXR (r -0.62;p  This was accomplished without adverse clinical outcomes, such as lengthened stay or time of drainage    Conclusion   In the hands of trained clinicians bedside US represents a valuable tool in the management of childhood EMP, potentially reducing unnecessary radiation exposure with no negative impact on clinical outcomes.
Brief Communication: Putrescine-Promoted Mutual Adhesiveness of HeLa Cells From Density-Inhibited Suspension Cultures2
Authors: Joris Deman, Erik Bruyneel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The mutual adhesiveness of HeLa cells harvested from density-inhibited suspension cultures was significantly enhanced by the addition of putrescine. No significant effect was observed on the adhesiveness of HeLa cells harvested from fast-growing suspension cultures. The effect on density-inhibited cells was abolished by previous treatment of the cells with neuraminidase.
Exclusion of asthma for screening purposes using exhaled air molecular profiling by electronic nose
Authors: N. Fens, Y. Gaarthuis, A.C. Bos, N.J.J. Schlösser, P.J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Asthma is presently diagnosed by its clinical presentation, including the presence of dyspnea, cough, chest tightness and wheezing (GINA). When combined with bronchial challenge testing, asthma can be assessed with high accuracy. Excluding asthma is the primary objective when screening for military service. Profiles of exhaled compounds as measured by electronic nose (eNose) could be a rapid non-invasive test for this purpose.

Hypothesis: Exhaled breath molecular profiles measured by eNose can be used to exclude asthma in a screening setting for military recruits.

Methods: Military recruits (16-27 yr, mean 19.8; M/F 64/11) were included in a cross-sectional study. Exhaled breath samples were measured by DiagNose eNose (C-it, Zutphen, NL). Symptoms of asthma were assessed by validated questionnaires (Burney et al , ERJ '94) and a histamine challenge test was performed. Asthma was considered to be present when both symptoms and PC20<8 were present (gold standard). ROC analysis was performed to assess optimal specificity.

Results: 75 recruits were included, of which 21 had a gold standard diagnosis of asthma. ROC analysis of exhaled breath profiling resulted in an AUC of 0.70 (p=0.007).

![Figure][1] 



Optimal specificity reached 89% (sensitivity 48%).

Conclusion: Exhaled breath molecular profiling using an eNose can be a suitable screening instrument to exclude asthma in young, otherwise healthy military recruits.

 [1]: pending:yes