tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicare and the Hospitals: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Bruce E. Balfe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

"The paramount problem of US medical care is the need for more productivity brought about by structural changes in the practice and organization of medicine." This is the most subtle, but the most significant message of Professor and Mrs. Somers' new book entitled<i>Medicare and the Hospitals</i>. It is most subtle because it is not the purpose of the book to advocate a reorganization of the health care industry. It is most significant because the topics covered, if followed to their logical conclusion, point to reorganization as a strong contender among the alternatives for curing the ills of the industry, particularly the hospitals. <i>Medicare and the Hospitals</i>covers two major areas. First, the political evolution of Medicare and the mechanics of the law are covered comprehensively but understandably. Secondly, the administrative problems which Medicare posed and the subsequent major issues which administrative considerations raised are discussed in detail. Medicare requires
Domestic Case of Chlorine-gas Poisoning
Authors: L. J. S. D. Malone, J. F. Warin
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The present case and that of Tramer both occurred in young children, who are more likely than adults to put unusual objects in the mouth.In this case the possible origin of the husk from some cereal food is rendered unlikely by its completely undamaged condition, and as the child lives on a farm she has ample opportunities for eating raw grass seeds.
Canadian health ministry is given new powers to tighten drug safety
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Canada’s House of Commons has granted the health ministry sweeping new powers to remove drugs from the market and punish manufacturers who sell dangerous drugs or withhold information on adverse effects.

Until now, the Canadian government has relied on voluntary agreements with manufacturers to remove dangerous medicines from the market, a system that broke down most notoriously in 1962 when a special act of parliament was needed to remove thalidomide from the Canadian market long after the US Food and Drug Administration had refused approval and European nations had banned the drug. …
Teach doctors economics, not Toyota's management fads
Authors: C. Donaldson, A. Bate
Journal: BMJ (2010)

No one will be gloating over the troubles of the car manufacturer Toyota with respect to its mass recalls because of faulty brake and accelerator pedals. The situation has caused great distress and potential serious harm among Toyota customers. Typically, there will be much schadenfreude over the efforts spent on trying to adapt the famous and much respected Toyota Production System (TPS) to the NHS and other healthcare organisations around the world (see BMJ 2008;337:a824, doi:10.1136/bmj.a824).

The principles of “lean thinking,” of which the TPS is but one exemplar, are not changed by Toyota’s woes. How can we argue against designing processes of care that eliminate waste and encourage standard working, saving valuable healthcare resources that can then be used to meet other needs? Nevertheless, the schadenfreude experienced by some may have an element of validity to it. As health economists, we admit to such feelings and want to explain our three main reasons.

Firstly, Toyota’s …
Consolidation with alemtuzumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in first remission – experience on safety and efficacy within a randomized multicenter phase III trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG)
Authors: C-M Wendtner, M Ritgen, C D Schweighofer, G Fingerle-Rowson, H Campe, G Jäger, B Eichhorst, R Busch, H Diem, A Engert, S Stilgenbauer, H Döhner, M Kneba, B Emmerich, M Hallek
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Reporting and handling missing values in clinical studies in intensive care units
Authors: Aurélien Vesin, Elie Azoulay, Stéphane Ruckly, Lucile Vignoud, Kateřina Rusinovà, Dominique Benoit, Marcio Soares, Paulo Azeivedo-Maia, Fekri Abroug, Judith Benbenishty, Jean Francois Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Echocardiographic observations on ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: P A Chandraranta, P K Balachandran, P M Shah, M Hodges
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Echocardiograms were performed on three patients with ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction. The pulmonary artery mean pressure was 30 mm Hg or more in all three patients. The size of the ventricular septal defect, determined at operation or autopsy, was 2 cm or greater in each patient. The salient echocardiographic abnormality was dilatation of the right ventricle. The direction of septal motion was normal in all the patients. The left atrial diameter was slightly increased in one patient and was normal in the other two. In one patient, and unusual pattern of mitral valve motion was seen. Complete closure of the reopening of the valve. This pattern was suggestive of increased blood flow through the mitral valve. Although some of these findings are nosspecific, the combination of echocardiographic findings may provide useful clues to the diagnosis of septal perforation.
The Prevention of Perivesical Cellulitis and Suppuration Following Suprapubic Cystostomy by the Use of Kidd's Perforator and Introducer
Authors: VINCENT VERMOOTEN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1931)

Papers and Discussions from The New England Journal of Medicine — The Prevention of Perivesical Cellulitis and Suppuration Following Suprapubic Cystostomy by the Use of Kidd's Perforator and Introducer
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and elderly patients
Authors: D N Bateman, J G Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Aches and pains are a feature of growing old, but managing these symptoms in elderly people can pose problems. Patients have often used paracetamol and aspirin, which are available over the counter without prescription, before consultation. Opiates cause constipation and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause ulcers. Although these associations are well known, 20 million prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (many for elderly people) were dispensed in 1993 in Britain, at a cost of over pounds sterling180m.1

Several factors affect the relative risk of adverse gastrointestinal effects during treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These include the age of the patient2 3 4 5 6 7 8; their medical history3 4 6 7; the drug used and its dosage4 9; its route of administration10 and the duration of treatment3 4 8; the concomitant use of more than one such drug4; and other independent risk factors, particularly alcohol use, anti-coagulant treatment, corticosteroid treatment, and smoking.4

The risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly increases with age: Laporte et al calculated an estimated annual incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of 210 per million people over 60 compared with 35 per million for people under 60.7 This effect of …
Hip Fractures and Fluoridation
Authors: David L. Chin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I was interested in the article by Danielson et al. 1 The authors seem to have obtained a good-sized sample and addressed the shortcomings of the study. I am, however, puzzled by the claim of a significantly increased risk of hip fracture due to artificial fluoridation exposure in both men and women. Although the male subjects exposed to artificial fluoridation did demonstrate a higher relative risk (RR) than those not exposed, the 95% confidence interval (CI) includes 1.00. This would seem to indicate that the increased risk is not statistically significant. Also, an odds ratio (OR) would seem more appropriate than an RR because this study is not prospective in design, as shown by the authors' inability to determine individual prefracture exposures to fluoridation, since such events occurred before the data were recorded.
Withdrawal Syndrome after the Double-Blind Cessation of Caffeine Consumption
Authors: Kenneth Silverman, Suzette M. Evans, Eric C. Strain, Roland R. Griffiths
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

People who stop consuming caffeine may have symptoms, but the incidence and severity of caffeine withdrawal are not known. This study was performed to determine the effects in the general population of ending one's dietary intake of caffeine.
Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Graft Disease
Authors: Joseph G. Motwani, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Abstract —Aortocoronary saphenous vein graft disease, with its increasing clinical sequelae, presents an important and unresolved dilemma in cardiological practice. During the 1st month after bypass surgery, vein graft attrition results from thrombotic occlusion, while later the dominant process is atherosclerotic obstruction occurring on a foundation of neointimal hyperplasia. Although the risk factors predisposing to vein graft atherosclerosis are broadly similar to those recognized for native coronary disease, the pathogenic effects of these risk factors are amplified by inherent deficiencies of the vein as a conduit when transposed into the coronary arterial circulation. A multifaceted strategy aimed at prevention of vein graft disease is emerging, elements of which include: continued improvements in surgical technique; more effective antiplatelet drugs; increasingly intensive risk factor modification, in particular early and aggressive lipid-lowering drug therapy; and a number of evolving therapies, such as gene transfer and nitric oxide donor administration, which target vein graft disease at an early and fundamental level. At present, a key measure is to circumvent the problem of vein graft disease by preferential selection of arterial conduits, in particular the internal mammary arteries, for coronary bypass surgery whenever possible.
Bidirectional Regulation of Dendritic Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels by the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
Authors: Hye Young Lee, Woo-Ping Ge, Wendy Huang, Ye He, Gordon X. Wang, Ashley Rowson-Baldwin, Stephen J. Smith, Yuh Nung Jan, Lily Yeh Jan
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Transferrin receptor-independent uptake of differic transferrin by human hepatoma cells with antisense inhibition of receptor expression
Authors: D Trinder
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The hepatic uptake of transferrin-bound iron by a nontransferrin receptor (NTR)-mediated process was investigated using the human hepatoma cell line HuH7. Because HuH7 cells also acquire iron from transferrin by a receptor (TR)-mediated process, TR expression was inhibited by transfecting the cells with a plasmid containing human TR complementary DNA in antisense orientation relative to a human cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer element. Cell clones were obtained that expressed a 50% to 60% reduction in cell surface TR, leading to a corresponding decrease in transferrin and iron uptake compared with wild-type cells. Uptake of transferrin by a second process was nonsaturable and not inhibited by a 100-fold excess of unlabeled transferrin. The amounts of transferrin taken up by the wild-type and antisense cells by this process were similar, showing that it did not involve TR. The proteolytic enzyme Pronase reduced the uptake of transferrin, suggesting that the NTR-mediated process entailed the nonsaturable binding of transferrin to plasma membrane proteins. This process, like the TR-mediated one, involved the internalization and recycling of transferrin, leading to accumulation of iron with time. Iron uptake mediated by NTR process was saturable and displaced by 100-fold excess unlabeled transferrin and reduced by weak bases and metabolic inhibitors. Therefore, the NTR-mediated process entailed transferrin adsorption to membrane-bound proteins, internalization, and release of iron from transferrin by a pH-dependent step followed by the intracellular transport of iron into ferritin and heme by a saturable carrier-mediated mechanism.
Treatment of Recurrent Furunculosis With Staphylococcal Bacteriophage-Lysed Vaccine
Authors: Richard E. Bryant, Jay P. Sanford, Tommye Alcoze
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A double-blind evaluation of the effectiveness of a staphylococcal bacteriophage-lysed vaccine in controlling recurrent furunculosis was done on a group of institutionalized school children. A statistically significant decrease in the number of furuncles occurred during the initial phase of study; however, the improvement could not be specifically related to the administration of the vaccine since comparable improvement occurred in children who received broth base as placebo. In the second phase there was no improvement in a group of patients who received vaccine therapy alone.
Is the gut intrinsically abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: A Doube, A J Collins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Editorial: Is the gut intrinsically abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis?In an animal model of arthritis pigs fed a diet rich in fish protein increased their faecal count of Clostridiuiml perfringens type A and developed joint disease which resembled rheumatoid arthritis by the presence of pannus, erosion of cartilage, and the formation of subcutaneous nodules.' Increased antibody titres to C perfringens antigen could be detected but these were not concomitant with the development of the exudative arthritis.As it has been shown that faecal counts of C perfringens are increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis., and that these counts fall during treatment with sulphasalazine 3 the suggestion is offered that the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis may be found in the gut.Such a concept is not new but gains added attraction in the light of recent advances in our understanding of the role that klebsiella related antigens may play in the HLA-B27 associated arthropathies.Ten years ago it was proposed that 'the intestinal absorption of toxic antigens and other noxious substances produced by microbial processes in the gut might play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis'.In addition, it has been suggested that in rheumatoid arthritis the gastrointestinal mucosa is 'frail'" and more susceptible than normal to the ulcerogenic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs."
Interaction between Serum Factors and T Lymphocytes in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Z. Fuks, S. Strober, H.S. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We studied the mechanism of defective binding of sheep erythrocytes to the surface of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (E-rosette-formation) in Hodgkin's disease. The decreased percentage of E-rosette-forming cells (range, 21 to 77 per cent) in 25 patients with Hodgkin's disease was reversed and returned to normal range (52 to 78 per cent) by prior incubation of the T lymphocytes in tissue-culture medium with 20 per cent fetal-calf serum for 18 to 24 hours. The percentage of E-rosette-forming cells was suppressed by additional incubation with serum from patients with Hodgkin's disease (range, 20 to 61 per cent) but not with serum from patients with other neoplasms or from normal subjects (range, 52 to 74 per cent). Only target T lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease were suppressed by Hodgkin-disease serum. The findings suggest that there is a specific interaction between serum factors and the surface of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease.
UK audit shows major rise in lung cancer surgery over past five years
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of patients with lung cancer undergoing potentially curative surgery for their condition has risen by more than half over the past five years, show figures from a national UK audit.

The audit analysed data on 37 637 patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer or mesothelioma who were first seen by hospitals in the United Kingdom during 2009. This number represents around 95% of the expected number of new cases of lung cancer.

Results showed that around one in seven patients with lung cancer underwent surgery, representing a major increase from the figure of around one in every 11 patients in 2004, when the audit first started.

Around three quarters of lung cancer patients are not suitable for surgery because their illness is diagnosed at a late stage, but the audit’s authors say that the improved surgery rate suggests …
Surgery of Cranial Base Tumors
Authors: Edward Tarlov
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The efforts of neurosurgeons, neurotologists, neuroradiologists, and head and neck surgeons, individually and in concert, have led to a burgeoning of improved surgical techniques to remove dangerous tumors beneath the base of the brain. The group at the University of Pittsburgh, led by the editors of this valuable volume, has done much to further these approaches, and this definitive volume, replete with references, beautiful illustrations, and well-annotated bibliographies for each chapter, provides an excellent view of the current state of the surgical art in this field. The 54 chapters, 16 of which are by one or both of the editors, are contributed by national and international authorities from the United States and abroad. Although this is a textbook, the procedures described are not all to be performed in every general hospital or by the occasional operator. Hazards to important arteries and cranial nerves exist. The authors have emphasized microvascular, vascular,
Electron Microscopy: A Handbook for Biologists
Authors: Walter R. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This slender book furnishes basic information on a few well-chosen procedures for the preparation of biologic materials for electron microscopic examination. It is intended for biologists who wish to prepare their own materials and who are more concerned with the results of such examination than with many variations in technical procedures. The few standard procedures which have been selected have been used extensively by the authors and found to be satisfactory. Some of the problems they have encountered and their solutions are also included in the 65 pages of text. Formulas for buffers, fixatives, and stains, schedules for processing tissue, and staining methods occupy a total of 17 pages. Moreover, two and one-half pages contain useful, pertinent references. The authors have produced an admirable book. Their descriptions, lucid and succinct, clearly demonstrate an easy familiarity with the methods, their problems, and their solutions. This excellent book will be useful to
Abstract 3259: TGFβ signaling is frequently attenuated in hepatocellular carcinomas but is retained for malignant phenotypes in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Xiaoxin Mu, Maryanne C. Herzig, William K. Washburn, Christi A. Walter, Glenn A. Halff, Lu-Zhe Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Its development and progression have been shown to be regulated by various cytokines including TGFβ. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in the progression of HCC remains controversial. In the current study, we examined the expression levels of TGFβ pathway components and the activation status of Smad2/3 proteins as reflected by phospho-Smad2/3 levels in human and mouse HCC tissues and human HCC cell lines. We also investigated whether abrogation of TGFβ signaling in HCC cell lines that are responsive to TGFβ affects the growth and metastasis of transplanted HCC cells in nude mice. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western immune blotting analyses reveal widespread down-regulation of TGFβ signaling pathway components including Smad2/3 and TGFβ type I and II receptors in HCC tissues of patients and mice in comparison to adjacent normal tissues. Treatment of our HCC cell lines (SNU398, SNU423, HepG2, and Sk-Hep-1) with TGFβ1 revealed that the SNU398 cell line was refractory whereas the other three cell lines were sensitive to TGFβ as determined with a number of in vitro assays including Smad phosphorylation, gene transcription, and growth inhibition assays. Knockdown of TGFβ type II receptor with shRNA significantly reduced TGFβ signaling activity in the Sk-Hep-1 cell line resulting in suppressed growth of its subcutaneous tumors and reduced metastasis potential when the cells were inoculated through tail vein injection. Our results suggest that TGFβ signaling may play a suppressive role in early stage of HCC development, but a promoting role in advanced stage, which is represented by the Sk-Hep-1 cell model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3259. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3259
QUARTZ LIGHT THERAPY IN SKIN DISEASES
Authors: E. LAWRENCE OLIVER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The term quartz light as generally used refers to a mercury vapor light in a fused quartz vacuum tube, the mercury making the arc. Such a lamp is very rich in ultraviolet light; and, as quartz to a large degree is transparent to ultraviolet rays, these rays emerge from the lamp and can be utilized for therapeutic purposes. As to the nature of ultraviolet light: When sunlight is passed through a prism, it is split up into many rays. We are all familiar with the visible rays of color so produced, but at each end of the visible spectrum there are innumerable invisible rays. At one end of the visible spectrum we have the invisible infra-red of longer and longer wave lengths the farther we go beyond the visible red, while at the other end beyond the visible violet we have the invisible ultraviolet, of shorter and shorter wave length
Orf: a family with unusual complications
Authors: J.D. WILKINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Three members of a farming family and their local postman contracted orf. One of those affected had had no direct contact with infected sheep. Two ofthe family developed a widespread papulo‐vesicular eruption of the skin and mucosae with pyrexia, malaise and lymphadenopathy lasting 4–5 weeks. The eruption did not resemble erythema multiforme or the toxic er5T:hemas usually associated with this infection.
Endoscopic Papillotomy with the Nd YAG Laser
Authors: R. Sander, H. Poesl
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A case of successful endoscopic papillotomy with the Nd YAG laser in a patient with choledocholithiasis after partial stomach resection is reported. This new technique is a complementary alternative for papillotomy when high-frequency diathermy is not suitable.
Gonorrhea Screening in Male Consorts of Women With Pelvic Infection
Authors: Larry C. Gilstrap, William N. P. Herbert, F. Gary Cunningham, John C. Hauth, Harold G. Van Patten
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>was isolated from 39% of male contacts of women with acute gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 22% of these men were asymptomatic. More than half of those women with gonococcal PID had at least one male sexual consort with gonorrhea.<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>was isolated from 15% of male contacts of women with nongonococcal PID; 30% were asymptomatic. Since a substantial number of male contacts of women with acute PID will have cultures positive for<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>and are asymptomatic, all male sexual consorts should be examined and have cultures grown for gonorrhea. (<i>JAMA</i>238:965-966, 1977)
Duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiac surgery: Prospective observational study
Authors: Mical Paul, Eyal Porat, Aeyal Raz, Hefziba Madar, Shai Fein, Jihad Bishara, Phillippe Biderman, Benjamin Medalion, Erez Sharoni, Leonid Eidelman, Leonard Leibovici, Bina Rubinovitch
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)