tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of controlled blood pressure values in a population with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and arterial hypertension (HT)
Authors: Oana Claudia Deleanu, Andra Elena Malaut, Ramona Elena Nedelcu, Ruxandra Ulmeanu, Ion Mierlus-Mazilu, Florin Dumitru Mihaltan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  OSA and HT are associated through cause-effect relationship, but few data in literature studies the effect of blood pressure (BP) control medication on OSA.   Methods:  We analised 162 OSA patients with treated HT, 46.9% with controlled BP (cBP), 53.1% with uncontrolled BP (uBP), and studied differences between groups regarding demographics, anthropometric data, symptoms, comorbidities, sleep study9s reports, therapy. We use SPSS (T, chi tests)ListenRead phonetically.   Results:  76 cBP patients: 22 (28.9%) women, 54 (71.1%) men, mean age 55.7±10.8 years, average apnea-hipopnea index (AHI) 49.5±36.5/h; 86 uBP patients: 20 (%) women, 66 (%) men, mean age 55.3±8.9 years, average AHI 58.1±38.7/h. Statistically significant differences (p    Conclusions:  Controled blood pressure deletes sleepiness and reduces some other symptoms. The results is that OSA is more difficult to suspect in these patients, who, according to the results of this study, would benefit more from CPAP therapy. OSA may coexist in patients with HT controlled by medication in the absence of symptoms or signs and the patient, mostly young or middle-aged adult, cannot receive adequate treatment.
Bronchoalveolar interleukin-1 beta: A marker of bacterial burden in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Authors: Dmytro Dmytriiev, Kateryna Dmytriieva, Konstantyn Dmytriiev, Oleksander Katilov, Anatoliy Staradub
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To assess the relationship between concentrations of bronchoalveolar cytokines and bacterial burden in children with CAP.   Method:  58 children were divided into two subgroups: referral (n=28), and treated (n=30) CAP. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in the most abnormal area on chest radiograph by fiberoptic bronchoscope. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was processed for quantitative bacterial culture. The concentrations of bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10) also were measured.   Results:  Thirty-two patients had a positive bacterial culture (bronchoalveolar lavage > or = 10 colony-forming units/mL), and made up 76% of pathogens recovered at high concentrations. The concentrations of bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-1 beta were 181.1±16.3 and 45.1±10.6 pg/mL (mean ± se) in the children with positive and negative bacterial culture, respectively (p    Conclusions:  Concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-1 beta was correlated with bacterial burden in the alveoli, it may be a marker for progressive and ongoing inflammation in children who have not responded to CAP therapy.
The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Y.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Li, T.-J. Chen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Quantitative analysis of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment against toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is lacking.To provide a meta-analysis evidence-based examination of IVIg efficacy against TEN.A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published before 31 July 2011 was conducted. In observational controlled studies with at least eight patients with TEN receiving IVIg treatment, a pooled estimate of mortality risk was determined, comparing IVIg and supportive care. Statistical analyses were performed on raw data to compare the clinical differences between (i) high-dose and low-dose IVIg treatment in adult patients and (ii) paediatric and adult patients treated with IVIg.Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall mortality rate of patients with TEN treated with IVIg was 19.9%. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for mortality from six observational controlled studies comparing IVIg and supportive care was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-1.75; P=0.99]. The pooled OR for mortality in patients treated with high-dose IVIg vs. supportive care was 0.63 (95% CI 0.27-1.44; P=0.27). Adults treated with high-dose IVIg exhibited significantly lower mortality than those treated with low-dose IVIg (18.9% vs. 50%, respectively; P=0.022); however, multivariate logistic regression model adjustment indicated that IVIg dose does not correlate with mortality (high vs. low dose: OR 0.494; 95% CI 0.106-2.300; P=0.369). Paediatric patients treated with IVIg had significantly lower mortality than adults (0% vs. 21.6%; P=0.001).Although high-dose IVIg exhibited a trend towards improved mortality and children treated with IVIg had a good prognosis, the evidence does not support a clinical benefit of IVIg. Randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Indications of small airways disease in healthy smokers
Authors: Eef Telenga, Laurien Keulers, Nick ten Hacken, Dirkje Postma, Maarten van den Berge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

It has been well established that small airways disease is a risk factor for COPD development. Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for COPD development. We investigated whether smokers, without COPD and an FEV1 >80 %pred, have indications of small airways involvement.

Healthy smokers and non-smokers (asymptomatic, FEV1 >80 %pred, FEV1/FVC >70%) were included. We performed spirometry, body plethysmography, and impulse oscillometry (IOS) in all subjects. Smokers were compared to non-smokers using Student's t- or Mann Whitney U test.

56 non-smokers (28 ≤40 years and 28 >40 years old) and 54 smokers (26 ≤40 years and 28 >40 years old) were included. Large airways parameters were comparable between smokers and non-smokers. In contrast, small airways parameters differed between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had a lower FEF25-75 %pred than non-smokers. Furthermore, smokers had a higher R5-20 (difference between the resistance at 5Hz and 20Hz), a higher reactance area (AX) and a higher resonance frequency (Rf) than non-smokers. In addition, smokers ≤40 years had a higher R5-20, AX and Rf than non-smokers. No differences in RV or RV/TLC were found between smokers and non-smokers.

We demonstrate changes in small airways parameters in smokers with normal lung function. These changes are already present in smokers ≤40 years old. Whether this small airways disease in young smokers is a first step in COPD development, remains to be elucidated in further studies.

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM OF NORMAL CHILDREN
Authors: NORMAN Q. BRILL, HERTA SEIDEMANN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. The electroencephalograms of 100 normal children were studied. 2. Alpha frequency increased and the incidence of slow activity diminished with advancing age, with a critical level being reached at the age of 9½. 3. There was a marked tendency toward the development of a dysrhythmia during hyperventilation in the younger children, which diminished with advancing age.
Comparison of pressure and volume preset nasal ventilator systems in stable chronic respiratory failure
Authors: DJ Meecham Jones, JA Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been widely used in the treatment of chronic respiratory disease. Ventilators may be volume or pressure preset; each type has theoretical advantages, but to date there has been no formal comparison. We wanted to assess the efficacy on blood gas changes that may be achieved and overall acceptability of four nasal ventilators (two pressure preset: Respironics bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and the Thomas NIPPY; and two volume preset: BromptonPac and Monnal-D) in patients with stable chronic respiratory failure. Median age was 59 yrs (range 48-71 yrs), mean (SD) arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 7.16 (0.21) kPa, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 7.02 (0.35) kPa, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 0.76 (0.24) l, and forced vital capacity (FVC) 1.58 (0.49) l. All had previously used NIPPV. There were significant changes in blood gases at 2 h with each ventilator: mean change (95% confidence interval); BiPAP PaO2 +1.52 (0.95-2.09) kPa, PaCO2-1.04 (1.55-0.54) kPa; NIPPY PaO2 +1.63 (0.85-2.41) kPa, PaCO2, -1.1 (1.86-0.34) kPa; BromptonPac PaO2 +1.22 (0.75-1.67) kPa, PaCO2 -1.14 (1.52-0.76) kPa; Monnal-D PaO2 +1.14 (0.42-1.84) kPa, PaCO2 -1.19 (2.14-0.23) kPa. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in the efficacy of volume or pressure preset equipment, and all ventilators proved equally acceptable to the patients studied. We conclude that all four of the volume or pressure preset ventilators examined are suitable for the delivery of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with stable chronic respiratory failure.
Coxsackievirus B1 peritonitis in a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: S. Pauwels, B. De Moor, K. Stas, K. Magerman, I.C. Gyssens, M. Van Ranst, R. Cartuyvels
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Intrapleural streptokinase treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyemas
Authors: Ezgi Demirdogen Çetinoglu, Asli Gorek Dilektasli, Huseyin Melek, Funda Coskun, Ahmet Ursavas, Ercüment Ege
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

INTRODUCTION: Intrapleural fibrinolytics are considered as an acceptable treatment modality in selected patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPE) and empyema that may reduce the need for surgery.  METHODS: In order to assess the clinical efficacy of streptokinase use, we retrospectively analysed data of patients with empyema and CPE in patients whom were treated with intrapleural streptokinase treatment in last five years.  RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients treated with intrapleural streptokinase between 2007-2012 in Uludag University Pulmonology Department were recruited. The mean age of the study group was 54±17 and 74% were male. According to the Light’s pleural effusion classification 30% of the patients were Stage2 while 17% were Stage3, 37% were Stage4, 10% were Stage5, 4% were Stage6 and 2% were Stage7.Hemorrhagic complications were noted in 10 patients.Successful drainage was obtained in 61% in the overall group.75% of the patients recovered without need for surgery in the follow-up period.The pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and adenosine deaminase(ADA)levels were significantly higher and glucose levels were lower in patients whom recovered with intrapleural streptokinase without surgery when compared with the ones who need surgery(p=004,p=0.03,p=0.03,respectively).  CONCLUSION: Intrapleural streptokinase administration improves pleural drainage and may decrease the need for operative intervention. Therefore is considered one of the safe and effective treatment option for patients with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. Furthermore according to our results some biochemical parameters of pleural fluid might help to predict the response to treatment.
Within-breath variations of forced oscillation resistance in healthy subjects
Authors: R Peslin, Y Ying, C Gallina, C Duvivier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured by the forced oscillation technique at 10, 20 and 30 Hz in 54 healthy subjects. The sinusoidal pressure oscillations were applied around the head, rather than at the mouth, so as to minimize transmural pressure across extrathoracic airway walls and the corresponding artefact (Peslin et al., J Appl Physiol, 1985, 59, 1790-1795). The flow (V') and volume (V) dependences of Rrs during the respiratory cycle were analysed by least square regression according to: Rrs = K1 + 2.K2.[V']#- K3.V, where K1 and K2 are Rohrer's constants, and where K3 expresses the (negative) volume dependence of Rrs. The analysis was made separately on the inspiratory and expiratory phases. A good fit was usually found between the data and the model, with a root-mean-square error averaging 15% of the mean Rrs at 10 Hz. At all frequencies K2 and K3 were substantially and significantly larger, and K1 slightly lower during expiration than during inspiration. Rrs, K1 and K3 were minimum at 20 Hz, while K2 exhibited a strong positive frequency dependence. The decrease of Rrs from 10 to 20 Hz was entirely explained by the variations of its linear component, and its increase from 20 to 30 Hz was largely due to its flow dependent component. Both the phasic variations and the frequency dependence of the coefficients suggest that the model is purely descriptive and that coefficients K2 and K3 reflect a number of phenomena, including the variations in glottic aperture during the respiratory cycle.
Determinants of lung function and bronchodilator response in 4-year-old children
Authors: Sandra Dom, Ellie Oostveen, Jos Droste, Margo Hagendorens, Joost Weyler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate which early life factors are associated with baseline lung function and the change after bronchodilation in 4-year-old children.   Methods:  Environmental and health information on children involved in a Belgian prospective birth cohort (PIPO) were collected from birth on using bi-annual questionnaires. At 1 and 4 years of age, a blood sample was analysed for specific IgE. At 4 years of age, baseline and post-bronchodilator respiratory resistance at 6 Hz (R6) was obtained with the forced oscillation technique. Potential determinants were selected based on literature and univariate analyses. Response variables were transformed to allow for the normal distribution assumption. Model reduction on the initial multiple linear regression models was performed by stepwise backward elimination based on the 95% confidence level.   Results:  Baseline and post-bronchodilator R6 data were obtained in 535 and 501 children, respectively. Results are regression coefficient B with standard error. Current height (-0.017 (0.004)) and weight of the child (0.015 (0.008)), maternal asthma (0.108 (0.047)), lower respiratory tract infections (0.064 (0.025)) and atopy against cat at the age of 1 year (0.236 (0.085)) were significant determinants of the baseline R6 value. Interestingly, other determinants were observed for ΔR6, namely parental educational level (-0.080 (0.041)), pre-and postnatal smoke exposure (0.158 (0.067)), lower respiratory tracts infections (0.075 (0.027)) and atopy against dog at 1 year of age (0.311 (0.124)).   Conclusion:  In 4-year-old children different determinants for the baseline respiratory resistance and the bronchodilator response were observed.
Effect of whole body periodic acceleration on airway endothelial function in smokers, non-smokers and asthmatics
Authors: Jose Cancado, Eliana Mendes, Johana Arana, Patricia Rebolledo, Cameron Dezfulian, Adam Wanner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale: Cigarette smoking and asthma are associated with attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the airway. Endothelial shear stress activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. It has been shown that whole body periodic acceleration (WBPA), activates eNOS. However, the effect of WBPA on endothelial function in the airway has not been investigated.

Objective: To assess the effect of a single WBPA session on beta-2 agonist induced, endothelium-dependent vasodilation (ΔQaw) in 15 current smokers, 15 never-smokers with asthma, and 15 healthy never-smokers, with the expectation that the treatment would transiently improve endothelial function.

Methods: ΔQaw was defined as the Qaw response to inhaled albuterol (180μg). Nitrite and S-nitrosothiol blood levels (NO) were assayed using a tri-iodide based reductive chemiluminescence method. All measurements were made before and immediately after a 45 minutes WBPA treatment using Exer-Rest®.

Results: WBPA increased mean baseline Qaw by 15.14±3.53 μl/min/ml in non-smokers (p<0.001) but had no effect on Qaw in smokers and asthmatics. ΔQaw remained unchanged in all three groups. NO levels tended to increase in asthmatics (13%) and non-smokers (31%), but the changes did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions: A single session of WBPA increases airway blood flow in healthy non-smokers, but not in smokers and asthmatics. The treatment has no effect on the blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation in smokers and asthmatics nor does it augment normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy non-smokers despite a tendency toward eNOS activation
Effect of Duration of High Fat Intake on Enhancement of Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T L Dao, P C Chan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The relationship between dietary fat and mammary carcinogenesis was studied in weanling female inbred Fischer rats fed a purified, high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF) or a purified, low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF) diet and given N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) at 50, 90, or 133 days of age. By a change in the diet at different times after NMU treatment (50 mg/kg body wt), it was found that mammary tumor incidence was positively correlated with the time period that the rats were fed an HF diet. A dose-response effect of NMU at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg body weight was also studied in groups of rats fed an HF or an LF diet. The results show an optimal carcinogenic dose of 50 mg NMU/kg body weight and a threshold dose of 27 mg NMU/kg body weight. The data conclusively demonstrated that the HF diet enhanced mammary carcinogenesis at every dose level of NMU, except 10 mg/kg. Further, the experiments also showed that an HF diet failed to promote mammary carcinogenesis in rats receiving a subthreshold dose (20 mg/kg body wt) of NMU. Altogether, the data demonstrate that an HF diet is not just a promoter but is in fact co-carcinogenic in mammary tumor induction by a chemical carcinogen.
cPLA2α plays a role in neutrophilic inflammatory response in mice induced by tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Hiroo Wada, Masuo Nakamura, Manabu Higaki, Naonori Uozumi, Yoshihiro Kita, Motonao Nakamura, Takao Shimizu, Hajime Takizawa, Hajime Goto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

INTRODUCTION

Lipid mediators possess a strong chemotactic activity, and it is thus hypothesized that they also play a pathogenic role in neutrophilic inflammatory responses induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. To address this, cPLA2α deficient mice were exposed to CS and then analyzed.

METHODS

cPLA2 deficient mice and litter-mate wild type mice were both exposed to CS for 9 days. Brocho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the fluid was collected. Cell counts, as well as their differentials, were determined. Furthermore, the protein levels of MMP-9 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), a murine homologue of human IL-8/CXCL-8, were measured in BAL fluid, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS

Although the total cell counts in cPLA2α deficient mice and those in wild type mice were mostly same in number, neutrophil counts were significantly lower in cPLA2α deficient mice than in wild type by 69.7% reduction (p < 0.05). The KC protein levels in BAL fluid were 6.9+/-3.3 pg/mL in cPLA2α deficient mice, significantly lower than those in wild type mice, 11.0+/-3.8pg/mL (p < 0.05). MMP-9 levels in BAL fluid were 0.2+/-0.2ng/mL in in cPLA2 deficient mice, significantly lower than those in wild type mice, 0.6+/-0.2 (p < 0.05).

DISCUSSION

Our result demonstrated that reduction in KC production was in part dependent on lack of lipid mediators associated with cPLA2α, and that both attenuated regulation of KC and lipid mediators further lead to reduction in neutrophil recruitment and MMP-9 production in the lung. It is thus implicated that induction of cPLA2α in the lung plays a role in neutrophilic inflammation as well as remodeling process, induced by CS exposure.
Infection with hepatitis C virus
Authors: I Quinti, G Sacco, D E. Salman, R Paganelli, M Fiorilli, F Aiuti, F Pandolfi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Editor,--Transmission of hepatitis C virus has been shown in patients with common variable immunodeficiency receiving gammaglobulin replacement treatment.1 2 We have previously described the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in commercial intravenous gammaglobulins.3 Although intravenous gammaglobulin prepared by a cold-ethanol fractionation procedure is regarded as safe, hepatitis C virus RNA has been detected in Cohn fraction II,4 in the final product, and in a few batches of recently prepared intravenous gammaglobulin in France.5

We tested the hepatitis C virus status of 51 patients with common variable immunodeficiency …
Comparison of Diameter and Perimeter Methods for Tumor Volume Calculation
Authors: A. Gregory Sorensen, Shveta Patel, Carla Harmath, Sarah Bridges, Jennifer Synnott, Amy Sievers, Young-Ho Yoon, E. John Lee, Michael C. Yang, Robert F. Lewis, Gordon J. Harris, Michael Lev, Pamela W. Schaefer, Bradley R. Buchbinder, Glenn Barest, Kei Yamada, John Ponzo, H. Young Kwon, Joseph Gemmete, Jeff Farkas, Andrew L. Tievsky, Richard B. Ziegler, Megan R.C. Salhus, Robert Weisskoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Lesion volume is often used as an end point in clinical trials of oncology therapy. We sought to compare the common method of using orthogonal diameters to estimate lesion volume (the diameter method) with a computer-assisted planimetric technique (the perimeter method).Radiologists reviewed 825 magnetic resonance imaging studies from 219 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Each study had lesion volume independently estimated via the diameter and perimeter methods. Cystic areas were subtracted out or excluded from the outlined lesion. Inter- and intrareader variability was measured by using multiple readings on 48 cases. Where serial studies were available in noncystic cases, a mock response analysis was used.The perimeter method had a reduced interreader and intrareader variability compared with the diameter method (using SD of differences): intrareader, 1.76 mL v 7.38 mL (P < .001); interreader, 2.51 mL v 9.07 mL (P < .001) for perimeter and diameter results, respectively. Of the 121 noncystic cases, 23 had serial data. In six (26.1%) of those 23, a classification difference occurred when the perimeter method was used versus the diameter method.Variability of measurements was reduced with the computer-assisted perimeter method compared with the diameter method, which suggests that changes in volume can be detected more accurately with the perimeter method. The differences between these techniques seem large enough to have an impact on grading the response to therapy.