tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib-Induced Eruption Mimicking Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Dominique C. Pichard, Adela R. Cardones, Emily Y. Chu, William L. Dahut, Heidi H. Kong
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

and sorafenib therapy was restarted without further sequelae.Unlike other cases reported in the literature, the patient described herein and the one described by Bilaç et al 2 had clinically EM-like eruptions with targetoid lesions, nondiagnostic histopathologic findings, and successful reinitiation of sorafenib treatment.Thus, we recommend biopsy of targetoid eruptions during sorafenib therapy to differentiate between a diagnosis of EM and EM-like sorafenib reaction to minimize discontinuation of an antineoplastic agent shown to prolong progression-free survival.
Management of Relapsed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jacob P. Laubach, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Anuj Mahindra, Marlise R. Luskin, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Irene M. Ghobrial, Robert L. Schlossman, David Avigan, Noopur Raje, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Despite significant progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) over the past decade, this disease remains incurable and almost all patients ultimately experience relapse and become refractory to treatment over time. However, the outlook for patients with relapsed MM has improved markedly with the use of the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Moreover, the development of new drug classes based on preclinical rationale and the introduction of next-generation agents is likely to further expand treatment options and improve outcomes for relapsed MM.
Analysis of co‐receptor usage of circulating viral and proviral HIV genome quasispecies by ultra‐deep pyrosequencing in patients who are candidates for CCR5 antagonist treatment
Authors: I. Abbate, G. Rozera, C. Tommasi, A. Bruselles, B. Bartolini, G. Chillemi, E. Nicastri, P. Narciso, G. Ippolito, M.R. Capobianchi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Phase II study evaluating safety and efficacy of coadministering propranolol and etodolac for treating cancer cachexia.
Authors: G. S. Bhattacharyya, P. K. Julka, S. Bondarde, R. Naik, A. Ranade, N. Bascomb, N. Rao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18059 Background: Systemic inflammatory response, a characteristic of disease progression in patients with advanced cancer, manifests clinically as cachexia. There currently are no FDA approved treatments for cancer cachexia. Beta-adrenergic antagonists and NSAIDs reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, catecholamines, acute phase proteins, and may attenuate systemic inflammation and the associated clinical manifestations. Methods: A total of 59 subjects were deemed eligible for this multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled study in weight losing (> 5% in prior 2 months) stage IV NSCLC patients not on chemotherapy. The 12 subjects subsequently randomized to the control group (Group A) received best supportive care only and the 25 subjects randomized to the treatment arms received best supportive care and one of two doses (Groups B and C, low and high dose, respectively) of VT-122 (coadministration of propranolol and etodolac); 22 of the screened subjects were not randomized. Efficacy endpoints included maintenance of lean body mass (assessed by bioimpedence). Assessments for safety and efficacy were continued for 12 weeks after randomization. Results: SAEs or deaths in the study were attributed not to VT-122 but to underlying disease; AEs attributed to VT-122 were known effects of either propranolol or etodolac. A statistically significant difference was observed in the proportion of subjects (ITT population, LOCF, one patient in Group B did not have a bioimpedance measurement at baseline) who responded with an improvement of ≥ 5% in LBM at Week 12 (Group A, n = 0/12; Group B, n = 7/12 p = 0.0191; Group C, n = 5/12, p = 0.0174). An increasing trend in improvement was seen at Weeks 6 and 9. Conclusions: These (and other supporting) data suggest that the use of VT-122 in patients with advanced cacer who may be receiving concurrent anticancer therapy merits further evaluation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Vicus Therapeutics Vicus Therapeutics Vicus Therapeutics Vicus Therapeutics
Double-Homozygosity for Factor V Leiden and the Prothrombin Gene G20210A Variant in a Young Patient With Idiopathic Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Johan R. Meinardi, Peter M. Pelsma, Hans Koning, Jan van der Meer, Saskia Middledorp, Harry R. Büller, Karly Hamulyák
Journal: Blood (1999)
Combining inhalation by a breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN) with exhalation with oscillating positive expiratory pressure device (OPEP) offers potential for simultaneous therapy
Authors: Jason Suggett, Jolyon Mitchell, Valentina Avvakoumova, Rubina Ali, Heather Schneider
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

RATIONALE: Secretion mobilization by OPEP is often given separately to inhaled medication. Combining a nebulizer (AeroEclipse®-II, Trudell Medical International (TMI), London Canada) with OPEP (Aerobika*, TMI), both therapies can be delivered simultaneously. We investigated to see if the stand-alone BAN output is affected by use with the Aerobika* device, or by substituting another OPEP product (acapella®, Smiths Medical, UK)

METHODS: A Next Generation Impactor operated at 15 L/min was used to make droplet size measurements. The BAN (3 x 3 replicates/device) was operated by compressed air at 50 psig and filled with 2-mL budesonide suspension (0.25 mg/ml, Nebuamp®, AstraZeneca), and connected directly to the Ph.Eur. induction port. The measurements were repeated (a) with the Aerobika® OPEP device inserted between the BAN and induction port, and (b) substituting the acapella® OPEP. The BAN was run to sputter, and the therapeutically beneficial fine particle mass < 5.4 µm diameter (FMbud) determined.

RESULTS: FMbud (mean ± SD) via the BAN alone, with the BAN-Aerobika®, and the BAN- acapella® OPEP devices were 278±8, 250±21 and 56±9 µg respectively. The BAN-Aerobika® combination marginally reduced delivery (paired t-test, p = 0.002), whereas the BAN-acapella® configuration resulted in substantial losses (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The AeroEclipse®-II BAN-Aerobika* combination offers combined aerosol/OPEP therapy with minimal medication loss. Substitution with the acapella® OPEP to deliver aerosolized medication results in substantial reduction in BAN-output that may have adverse clinical implications.
Evaluation of the gas exchange abnormalities in COPD patients with the use of capnometry
Authors: Yuriy Feshchenko, Liudmyla Iashyna, Svitlana Ishchuk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  COPD is airway disorder associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. Due to progressive nature of the disease the respiratory failure verification is of great importance.   Objectives:  This study aimed to investigate capnometry indices in patients with stable COPD (GOLD III-IV) compare to healthy subjects.   Methods:  Bodyplethysmography, capnometry. Data are presented as mean±SD.   Results:  A total of 87 subjects (age 56.2±1.2 years; 59% male) were enrolled: COPD group (n=42, mean%FEV1 =39.5%), control group (n=45, mean%FEV1 =93.7%). All subjects were performed bodyplethysmography and capnometry, we compared the results between groups.  All bodyplethysmography and capnometry indices of COPD subjects were significantly (p   Conclusions:  Capnometry might be a useful tool to detect the respiratory failure in COPD patients.
Group A streptococcal infections during the seasonal influenza outbreak 2010/11 in South East England
Authors: J Scaber, S Saeed, C Ihekweazu, A Efstratiou, N McCarthy, É O’Moore
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

We present a series of 19 cases of invasive Group A streptococcal (iGAS) infection reported to the Thames Valley Health Protection Unit from 1 December 2010 to 15 January 2011. Ten patients died and a prodrome of influenza-like illness was reported in 14 cases.Influenza B co-infection was confirmed in four cases,three of which were fatal. Our report provides further evidence that influenza B co-infection with iGAS has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality.
Effectiveness of immune stimulatory therapy in patient with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Authors: Tetyana Kireeva, Kseniia Bielosludtseva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives: to determine the role of immune stimulatory therapy in patients with severe CAP.  Methods: 23 patients (age – 56,1±3,36 years, men – 13 (56,5%)) with verified severe CAP without HIV, divided into two groups: group 1 – 11 (47,8%) patients with severe CAP with using of immunomodulator glutamyl-glycine cysteinyl disodium from tiopoetyns; group 2 – 12 (52,2%) patients with severe CAP without immunomodulator. Control group included 10 clinically healthy individuals (age – 51,1±5,6 years, men – 6 (60%)). General analysis, biochemical analysis, serum procalcitonin (PCT), blood CD4, CD8 prior antibacterial treatment (ABT) (visit 1), on 3 – 5 day of ABT (visit 2), on 7–10 day of ABT (visit 3), statistic.  Results: On visit 1 groups were comparable on initial severity, inflammatory level, immunological status. On visit 2 normalization of body temperature, consciousness, bilirubin, creatinine, PCT were more often in patients in group 1.On visit 3 in patients of group 1 the level of CD4 has increased by almost 72%, while in the subgroup 2 – only by 50%  .  Conclusions: 1) some patients with severe CAP has decrease of immune markers CD4, CD8 less than 500 mcl-1; 2) adding of immunomodulator during5–7 days prior adjuvant therapy of severe CAP increases the number of CD4 by almost 75% compared to the initial.
Experience with Single-Layer Rectal Anastomosis<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Moti Khubchandani, James Upson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

Anastomotic dehiscence following resection of the large intestine is a serious complication. Satisfactory results of single-layer anastomosis depend upon meticulous technique and a scrupulously clean colon. Out of 65 single-layer anastomoses involving the rectum, significant leakage occurred in 4 patients. The results are reported in order to draw attention to the safety and efficacy of one-layer anastomosis.
Concomitant use of -blockers and 2-agonists
Authors: Y. Ling, W. Saleem, C. D. Shee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

Historically, the use of β-adrenergic blockers in patients with airways disease has been discouraged. However, recent meta-analyses suggest that cardioselective β-blockers are safe in people with mild-to-moderate airways disease 1, 2. We have identified patients with chest disease on β-agonist bronchodilators, who were simultaneously taking β-blocker drugs. We have also looked at the reasons for co-prescription of these “competing” drugs and whether cardioselective β-blockers were being used.

Over 2 yrs (2005–2006) in a district general hospital, C.D. Shee prospectively recorded the names of patients he saw who were concomitantly taking β-blockers and β 2 -agonists. Patients were encountered in outpatient clinics, as hospital in-patients and as referrals (consults). The data were analysed retrospectively. A total of 34 …
Imported vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis - United States, 2005.
Authors: M. Landaverde, D. Salas, M. Humberto, K. Howard, R. Walker, S. Everett, S. Robyn, L. Erhart, S. Anderson, S. Goodykoontz, M. Pallansch, J. Sejvar, K. Kenyan, J. Alexander, L. Alexander, J. Seward
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2006)
Secretory Otitis Media and Allergy
Authors: Jorma Ruokonen, Eino Holopainen, Tauno Palva, Alf Backman
Journal: Allergy (1981)

This study is an investigation on whether allergy, and especially food allergy, is more common in patients with secretory otitis media (SOM) than in others. At the same time, the effectiveness of the cytotoxic leucocyte test (CLT) as an aid in the diagnosis of food allergy was also studied. The material comprised 90 patients: 69 suffering from secretory otitis media and 21 without the disease as controls. Patients were studied using allergy history, ear status, tests for nasal and blood eosinophilic cells, total IgE, skin tests for 20 allergens, RAST for milk and wheat, immunoglobulin A, G and M, precipitating antibodies for milk and gluten, Mantoux test, and the CLT for 23 allergens. Allergy was found in 20% of the SOM patients and 10% of the control patients; the difference was not statistically significant. The best methods for verifying allergy were history, skin tests, and tests for nasal eosinophilic cells. Laborartory tests could not verify objectively that food allergy was more common among SOM patients than controls, although 16% of the SOM patients compared with none of the controls had a history of food allergy. Of the tests used, the CLT correlated best with a history of allergy, but the results of the different tests were not in accordance with each other.
Paclitaxel for platinum-refractory ovarian cancer: results from the first 1,000 patients registered to National Cancer Institute Treatment Referral Center 9103.
Authors: E L Trimble, J D Adams, D Vena, M J Hawkins, M A Friedman, J S Fisherman, M C Christian, R Canetta, N Onetto, R Hayn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE To provide an investigational drug, paclitaxel, now commercially available, to women with refractory ovarian cancer and to evaluate response and toxicity in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 3, at least three prior chemotherapy regimens, adequate hepatic and renal function, and no significant cardiac history were eligible. Patients were treated with paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 administered by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. RESULTS Leukopenia was the most frequent toxicity, with 78% of patients experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Other grade 3 and 4 toxicities were less common: fever (33%), infection (12%), thrombocytopenia (8%), vomiting (7%), cardiac (2%), neurologic (2%), and mucositis (1%). Fifteen treatment-related deaths (1.5%) were reported. The objective response rate was 22% (4% complete response [CR], 18% partial response; 95% confidence interval [CI] for overall response, 19% to 25%). The median time to progression from treatment initiation was 7.1 months in responding patients and 4.5 months for all patients. The median survival duration was 8.8 months. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel has shown activity in women with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer, and it can be administered with an acceptable safety profile. Further research is needed to determine the optimal role of paclitaxel in the primary and salvage treatment of ovarian cancer.
A combined approach of endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration for TNM lung cancer staging – A three years experience
Authors: Artur Szlubowski, Jerzy Soja, Marcin Kolodziej, Witold Sosnicki, Anna Obrochta, Magdalena Jakubiak, Juliusz Pankowski, Marcin Zielinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: The aim of the trial was to assess the utility of the combined endobronchial (EBUS) and endoscopic (EUS) ultrasound-guided needle aspiration (CUS-NA) for TNM lung cancer (LC) staging.  Methods: The CUS-NA were being performed under mild sedation in consecutive LC patients (pts) with enlarged or normal mediastinal nodes on CT scans. All non-small cell LC pts with negative CUS-NA underwent subsequently the transcervical extended bilateral mediastinal lymphadenectomy (TEMLA) as a confirmatory test and if negative underwent systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) by thoracotomy.  Results: From Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2010 in 588 LC pts who underwent CUS-NA there were 1529 mediastinal nodes biopsied (EBUS-TBNA – 805, EUS-FNA – 724). The CUS-NA revealed metastases in 273/588 pts (46.4%) and a prevalence was 52.3%. In 272 CUS-NA negative pts and in 5 pts suspected for metastases, who underwent subsequent TEMLA and SLND metastatic nodes were diagnosed in 35 pts (5.9%), in whom double or multilevel N2 disease was found in 14 of them (2.4%). A diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of CUS-NA were 88.6%, 98.2%, 92.7%, 98.2%% and 88.6%, respectively. In pts with nodes highly suspected for metastases by echosonography positive results were obtained by both methods in 96.7% and in all small cell LC pts. The results of EUS-FNA of left suprarenals (M1-staging) impacted on surgery in 24 pts (4.1%). The CUS-NA influenced on T-staging in 38 pts (6.5%).  No severe complications of CUS-NA were observed.  Conclusions: The CUS-NA is especially effective for mediastinal N staging but it also plays an additional role for TM staging in LC patients.
US study highlights high levels of plastic compound in humans
Authors: Deborah Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The first national US report on human exposure to environmental chemicals, produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in Atlanta, Georgia, has shown surprisingly high levels of pthalates (plasticising compounds found in cosmetics and household products) in the blood and urine of subjects. It seems that these chemicals may be absorbed through the skin.

Pthalates are known to cause hormonal disruptions and fetal malformations in animals, but no studies have been performed to determine whether a causal link also exists in humans.

The study set out to determine baseline levels of environmental chemical exposure, …
Sequencing of Treatment in Advanced Unresectable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jean L. Grem
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

This article reviews the various systemic therapy options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that is judged to be noncurable. The choice of initial therapy depends on patient preferences, treatment goals, performance status, and presence of comorbid conditions. Whether surgical resection of the primary tumor should be considered in patients who present with metastatic CRC is a matter of controversy. The components of the initial systemic regimen influence the options for second- and third-line options when disease progression occurs during therapy. The standard of practice is often to continue chemotherapy until progression, unacceptable side effects, or death. In patients with incurable CRC, the balance between efficacy, toxicity, and repeated hospital or clinic visits must be discussed with the patient. Although continuous treatment may be appropriate for some patients, intermittent treatment strategies or maintenance with the least toxic agents may be preferable for others. If disease progression occurs during a chemotherapy break or while the patient is on maintenance therapy, previously used agents may be reintroduced provided that preexisting toxicities have resolved.
Tracking of lung function obtained by whole-body plethysmography in infants and children with cystic fibrosis (CF)
Authors: Richard Kraemer, Katharina Modelska, Aida Mashkouri Najafi, Ernst Stadlober, Sabina Gallati
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  The assessment of lung function tracking, (data stability over time and predictability based on early measurements) could provide a better understanding how genetic and environmental factors as well as treatment regimens influence lung function decline in CF.   Objectives:  ( i ) Impact of lung function assessment during infancy on follow-up and lung function decline during childhood. ( ii ) Determination of physiological mechanisms influencing progression in CF in relation to the genotype.   Methods:  Lung function was assessed in 70 infants (35 males, 35 females) with CF at ages 2.8 to 26.7 months as well as during childhood (4.3-18.4 years) by serial (infant)-whole-body plethysmography pertaining to functional residual capacity (FRCpleth) and effective airway resistance (sReff). Using predicted values obtained by LMS statistics (see abstract 854139), z-scores of FRCpleth and sReff were computed by Box-Cox transformation using the age-varying parameters L (skewness), M (median) and S (coefficient of variation).   Results:  During infancy only 7.6% of CF patients presented with normal lung function; 33.3% showed either pulmonary hyperinflation or bronchial obstruction, but 59.1% presented with both. There was a significant association with later outcome represented by the LCI und the FEF50. If genotypes are stratified according to the presence or absence of F508del and subgrouped according to the nature of mutations, FRCpleth and sReff can achieve discrimination.   Conclusions:  Evaluation of lung function by plethysmography is an important diagnostic and predictive tool, featuring good outcome parameters, and worth to be established early in life.
Pulmonary effects of perfluorocarbon emulsion therapy on Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in sickle cell mice
Authors: Nawal Helmi, Peter Andrew, Hitesh Pandya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Perfluorocarbon emulsions (PFCEs) are a potential alternative therapy to blood transfusion in severe sickle cell lung disease. However, there are few data on the effects of PFCEs in sickle cell disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of intravenous therapy with PFCE on transgenic sickle cell and control mice infected with  Streptococcus pneumoniae  or vehicle .     Methods:  Mice were injected intravenously with single dose of saline or PFCE (3ml/Kg) +/-  S. pneumoniae  strain (D39) and harvested at 72 hours or on showing signs of 2+ lethargy. A second group of mice were injected with PFCE daily for 1 week. Histological analysis of lungs was performed using H&E sections and light microscopy. In addition, white blood cell analysis was performed using flow cytometry.   Results:  S. pneumoniae -infected mice treated with PFCE died earlier than those treated with vehicle and were less able to clear  S. pneumoniae  from the bloodstream. In the absence of infection, mice treated with a single dose of PFCE showed mild inflammatory changes in the lung. However, mice treated with PFCE for 1 week did not show any histological abnormalities. The inflammatory response in healthy mice injected with PFCE was significantly higher compared to sickle cell mice   Conclusions:  Single-dose PFCE therapy causes lung injury mice whereas chronic PFCE therapy does not. In addition, the inflammatory response to PFCE therapy is different in healthy and sickle cell mice. Further studies are required to determine mechanisms of inflammatory responses in sickle cell mice and whether supplemental oxygen therapy improves outcomes in mice infected with  S. pneumoniae  and treated with PFCE.