tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High resolution ultrasound detects a decrease in pannus vascularisation of small finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor (etanercept)
Authors: M Hau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

High resolution ultrasound (HRUS) was used to investigate the effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) blockade on pannus formation and vascularisation of small finger joints in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Five patients with active RA were treated with etanercept, a soluble TNFalpha receptor protein, for one month. Before, during, and after treatment the patients were followed up by clinical rheumatological examination, determination of their subjective pain score, blood chemistry, and by HRUS of the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the right hand.One month after treatment with etanercept, rheumatological examination showed a significant decrease in a modified single joint rheumatic disease activity index (from 2.9 (SD 0.2) to 1.2 (0.7); p<0.05) in all patients. Moreover, a significant decrease in the general pain score (from 4.7 (0.4) to 1.8 (0.6); p<0.05) and in C reactive protein (CRP) levels was seen (from 3.02 (0.9) to 0.24 (0.1); p<0.05). Concordantly, HRUS showed a significant reduction in pannus vascularisation of the MCPII joints (from 23,602 (5339) to 2907 (1609) colour signals/region of interest, CS/ROI; p<0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficient between the results obtained by HRUS and the clinical response was 0.85.HRUS is promising as an additional useful method in the assessment of RA activity, and probably also in monitoring therapeutic responses.
Full proceedings from the National Conference to Develop a National Skin Cancer Agenda
Authors: Lowell A Goldsmith, Howard K Koh, Barbara A Bewerse, Barbara Reilley, Stephen W Wyatt, Wilma F Bergfeld, Alan C Geller, Patricia Farris Walters
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

National efforts to reduce skin cancer incidence and mortality require scientifically coordinated efforts. This report summarizes the first American Academy of Dermatology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national conference to develop a skin cancer agenda. Leading experts in dermatology, public health, medicine, health education, nursing, behavioral sciences, environmental health and epidemiology identified and prioritized skin cancer control issues in five key areas. Discussion centered around strategies for reducing UV exposure and increasing public and professional awareness of skin cancer. Panelists in five sessions developed consensus on several public and professional recommendations and a series of research strategies.
Sinus floor elevation utilizing the transalveolar approach
Authors: Bjarni E. Pjetursson, Niklaus P. Lang
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract A transalveolar approach for sinus floor elevation with subsequent placement of dental implants was first suggested by T atum in 1986. In 1994, S ummers described a different transalveolar approach using a set of tapered osteotomes with increasing diameters. The transalveolar approach of sinus floor elevation, also referred to as ‘osteotome sinus floor elevation’, the ‘ S ummers technique’ or the ‘ C restal approach’, may be considered as being more conservative and less invasive than the conventional lateral window approach. This is reflected by the fact that more than nine out of 10 patients who experienced the surgical procedure would be willing to undergo it again. The main indication for transalveolar sinus floor elevation is reduced residual bone height, which does not allow standard implant placement. Contraindications for transalveolar sinus floor elevation may be intra‐oral, local or medical. The surgical approach utilized over the last two decades is the technique described by S ummers, with or without minor modifications. The surgical care after implant placement using the osteotome technique is similar to the surgical care after standard implant placement. The patients are usually advised to take antibiotic prophylaxis and to utilize antiseptic rinses. The main complications reported after performing a transalveolar sinus floor elevation were perforation of the S chneiderian membrane in 3.8% of patients and postoperative infections in 0.8% of patients. Other complications reported were postoperative hemorrhage, nasal bleeding, blocked nose, hematomas and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Whether it is necessary to use grafting material to maintain space for new bone formation after elevating the sinus membrane utilizing the osteotome technique is still controversial. Positive outcomes have been reported with and without using grafting material. A prospective study, evaluating both approaches, concluded that significantly more bone gain was seen when grafting material was used (4.1 mm mean bone gain compared with 1.7 mm when no grafting material was utilized). In a systematic review, including 19 studies reporting on 4388 implants inserted using the transalveolar sinus floor elevation technique, the 3‐year implant survival rate was 92.8% (95% confidence interval: 87.4–96.0%). Furthermore, a subject‐based analysis of the same material revealed an annual failure rate of 3.7%. Hence, one in 10 subjects experienced implant loss over 3 years. Several of the included studies demonstrated that transalveolar sinus floor elevation was most predictable when the residual alveolar bone height was ≥ 5 mm and the sinus floor anatomy was relatively flat.
Treatment of oesophageal cancer
Authors: J S Tobias
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Mr D C Britton seems to perpetuate the myth (October 2001 JRSM, pp. 500-501) that surgical resection is the only possible radical treatment for oesophageal carcinoma—‘in the remainder, only symptomatic relief can be offered, perhaps by intubation or palliative radiotherapy.’ However, several studies have now confirmed that radical radiation therapy, or better still concurrent chemoirradiation, can also cure1,2. In the recent long-term follow-up study by Cooper and colleagues, of a randomized study of radiation alone versus concurrent chemoirradiation therapy, the latter proved superior, despite the trialists' bold move in deliberately reducing the radiation dose in the chemoirradiation arm to avoid undue toxicity. This was true for both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.

Radical non-surgical treatment has other advantages— notably, avoidance of the early perioperative mortality (often quoted at around 5%, even in highly experienced hands) and also the many non-fatal but hazardous long-term complications of oesophagectomy3,4. With improvements in diagnostic imaging, coupled with laser recanalization through an obstructed oesophageal lumen, an everincreasing proportion of patients have become candidates for radical non-surgical treatment. The oesophagus is one of several sites in which synchronous chemoirradiation has now become a standard therapy for surgically inoperable cancers5.
Perfusion Studies of the Human Placenta. I. Effect of Estradiol and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Citric Acid Metabolism12
Authors: Philip Troen, Edwin E. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

The varied endocrine changes during human pregnancy have been intensively studied (1).The significant role of the placenta in these changes is evident from its demonstrated production of chorionic gonadotropin (2), estrogens (3) and progesterone (4).In addition, the demonstration of other hormones [corticosteroids (5, 6), corticotropin (7-9), androgens (10), relaxin (11), aldosterone ( 12)] in extracts of placental tissue has suggested still further endocrine functions of the placenta.However, three broad-areas remain unclarified: a) What hormones are produced by the placenta, b) what are the metabolic pathways for such hormone production, andc) what is the interaction of placental hormones with maternal and fetal hormones and their joint contribution to the metabolic changes of pregnancy.Such basic information may have direct application to hormonal metabolism unassociated with pregnancy and also may be of clinical value in the management of disorders of pregnancy.Organ perfusion has been a rewarding approach to the study of the metabolic functions of endocrine glands, as exemplified by the studies of Hechter and co-workers (13) with perfusion of beef adrenal glands.The extension of this general technique to the human placenta seemed to offer a promising approach to the solution of the problems outlined above.Perfusion of the whole placenta appears to be a more nearly physiologic approach to metabolic and synthetic activities of the placenta than does the study of homogenates, slices and perfused isolated cotyledons.Accordingly, we have undertaken a study of the perfusion of 1 Supported by grants from the Milton Fund of Harvard University, the United States
P146 Can Raising the D-Dimer Threshold Safely Reduce the Number of CT Pulmonary Angiograms Performed in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: O Orhan, C King, A Salam, V Mak
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard investigation for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Low or intermediate probability clinical prediction (e.g. Wells score) combined with a negative D-dimer effectively rules out PE in over 97% of cases, avoiding the need for CTPA and its inherent risks (radiation exposure and contrast induced nephropathy). This is the recommendation of the BTS guidelines. We undertook a study to examine if the BTS guidelines were being adhered to in our Trust, and whether increasing the D-dimer threshold may safely reduce the need for CTPA. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained a list of CTPAs performed within the Trust between September 2009 and September 2011 and searched our pathology system for a contemporary D-dimer result (HemosIL latex immuno-assay). For all patients with a negative D-dimer (≤230ng/mL), we looked for a documented pre-test probability score in the clinical notes or calculated a Wells score if not documented. We then analysed CTPA results with D-dimer between 230–500ng/mL. <h3>Results</h3> There were 1645 CTPAs performed during the study period, of which 15% had confirmed PE 903(54.9%) had a contemporary D-dimer result, and of these 57(6.3%) had a negative D-dimer, and 193(21.4%) were between 230–500ng/mL. In the negative D-dimer group, 3 (5.3%) had confirmed PE’s on CTPA. One was on tranexamic acid, which can falsely lower D-dimer, and 2 had prolonged admissions in whom D-dimer testing was not appropriate. We were able to examine the notes of 39/57 cases and only 3 (8%) had a pre-test probability documented. On review 31/39 (79.5%) had a low to intermediate Wells score and should not have had a CTPA. In the 230–500ng/mL D-dimer group, there were only 4/193 (2.1%) positive CTPAs with a negative predictive value 98%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our Trust, the lack of pre-test probability scoring combined with D-dimer is leading to inappropriate CTPAs. The rate of PE in the patients with a D-dimer between 230–500ng/mL is also very low. A protocol recommending initial treatment pending an urgent respiratory team review prior to CTPA, could safely reduce the number performed in this group, if combined with a low to intermediate pre-test probability score.
Melanoma progression is associated with NK cell exhaustion
Authors: Ines Pires da Silva, Anne Gallois, Sonia Jimenez-Baranda, Ana Anderson, Vijay Kuchroo, Iman Osman, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The immunoregulatory protein T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) contributes towards T cell exhaustion in several chronic diseases, including melanoma [[1][1]]. NK cells from the latter were shown to be functionally impaired/exhausted, as they
Regulating cosmetic surgery
Authors: C. Orton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Cosmetic surgery has become a growth industry and a public obsession. The demand for the top three procedures in the United States grew by 26% between 1999 and 2000, and this growth is mirrored in the United Kingdom.1 The public perception of cosmetic surgery is that it is quick and easy. In fact most cosmetic surgery operations are extremely complex and require a high degree of anatomical knowledge and surgical skill as well as aesthetic appreciation.

The public's increasing interest is accompanied by a reduction in the provision of cosmetic surgery in the NHS, so that patients look to the private sector, financing their treatment through bank loans and finance agreements. 2 3 These patients have been prey to organisations that offer discounts, privacy, and no waiting time but are not staffed by accredited surgeons.

Many patients do not seek a referral from their general practitioner because they fear an unsympathetic response or they …
Alcohol in the Third World: a chance to avoid a miserable trap.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

When 17 million children a year die of malnutrition in the Third World1 and about 12 million cases of malaria are reported each year to the World Health Organisation,2 the problems caused by alcohol in the Third World may seem very small beer. So they are in relation to these problems, but two factors make alcohol-related questions well worth considering. Firstly, the admittedly poor evidence available suggests that the con? sumption of alcohol and with it many associated social, health, and economic problems are increasing rapidly in the Third World.3 5 Secondly, and more crucially, much evidence sug? gests that many alcohol problems can be prevented by ad? ministrative and political measures.5 7 In other words, if Third World governments wake up to the threat of alcohol problems they may be able to avoid them without huge expenditure of time, money, and effort. Malnutrition and malaria are much less easy to prevent. The developed world and the WHO undoubtedly have a part to play in helping Third World countries to avoid the misery caused by alcohol that is now seen in abundance in richer countries. The role will not be to preach, patronise, or direct but to make available the large amount of evidence accumulated in developed countries on the causes and the prevention of alcohol problems. WHO has, indeed, been doing this for some time, and next year it will be holding a large international conference on alcohol in the Third World.
Sildenafil Use and Increased Risk of Incident Melanoma in US Men
Authors: Wen-Qing Li, Abrar A. Qureshi, Kathleen C. Robinson, Jiali Han
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK cascade plays a crucial role in melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5A inhibitor commonly used for erectile dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that BRAF activation down-regulates PDE5A levels, and low PDE5A expression by BRAF activation or sildenafil use increases the invasiveness of melanoma cells, which raises the possible adverse effect of sildenafil use on melanoma risk.To evaluate the association between sildenafil use and risk of incident melanoma among men in the United States.Our study is a prospective cohort study. In 2000, participants in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study were questioned regarding sildenafil use for erectile dysfunction. Participants who reported cancers at baseline were excluded. A total of 25,848 men remained in the analysis.The incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), was obtained in the self-reported questionnaires biennially. The diagnosis of melanoma and SCC was pathologically confirmed.We identified 142 melanoma, 580 SCC, and 3030 BCC cases during follow-up (2000-2010). Recent sildenafil use at baseline was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent melanoma with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.04-3.22). In contrast, we did not observe an increase in risk of SCC (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.59-1.20) or BCC (1.08; 0.93-1.25) associated with sildenafil use. Moreover, erectile function itself was not associated with an altered risk of melanoma. Ever use of sildenafil was also associated with a higher risk of melanoma (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14-3.22). A secondary analysis excluding those reporting major chronic diseases at baseline did not appreciably change the findings; the HR of melanoma was 2.24 (95% CI, 1.05-4.78) for sildenafil use at baseline and 2.77 (1.32-5.85) for ever use.Sildenafil use may be associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma. Although this study is insufficient to alter clinical recommendations, we support a need for continued investigation of this association.
Contaminated Heparin Seized by FDA
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
776-6 Myocardial Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in an Animal Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treated Chronically with the Non-Selective β -blocker Carteolol
Authors: Farid Khan, Roger J. Hajjar, Ronglih Liao, Farid Fuleihan, Michael Bristow, Judith K. Gwathmey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Treatment of Bed-wetting
Authors: Paul J. Langlois
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Dr Mark A. Stewart (232:281, 1975) concerning the treatment of bed-wetting is worthy of comment from a urologist's point of view. Dr Stewart seems to think that the best treatment for bed-wetting is conditioning via the Pavlovian technique, with an electric sheet. While this method does stop bed-wetting, it is not a cure. The child substitutes nocturia for enuresis, and the bladder problem is still present. This is not a cure of the child's problem but of the parents'. With this "cure," the parents no longer have the problem of wet and odoriferous laundry, but the child still retains his bladder problem. Dr Stewart states that operating on the urethra seems a drastic treatment for functional enuresis. In my experience, a simple urethral dilitation in girls or a urethral meatotomy in boys is hardly what I consider drastic treatment. The time, effort, and expense
A randomized trial of the effects of exercise training in Chagas cardiomyopathy
Authors: Márcia M.O. Lima, Manoel Otávio C. Rocha, Maria Carmo P. Nunes, Lidiane Sousa, Henrique S. Costa, Maria Clara N. Alencar, Raquel R. Britto, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Short-Course Prophylaxis against Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Persons: A Decision and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: David N. Rose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Isoniazid prophylaxis for 12 months effectively prevents tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons and may decrease the incidence of other HIV-related disease and mortality. Recent clinical trials have found that some short-course regimens also effectively prevent tuberculosis.To compare the benefits, risks, and cost-effectiveness of isoniazid prophylaxis and short-course prophylaxis regimens.Decision and cost-effectiveness analysis.United States.Hypothetical patients who are HIV-infected and have CD4 counts of 200 cells/mm3 or less and positive results on tuberculin skin tests.Isoniazid prophylaxis lasting 12 months and six short-course prophylaxis regimens of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide alone or in combination.5-year survival rate, life expectancy, lifetime incidence of tuberculosis, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved.Compared with no prophylaxis, the 12-month isoniazid regimen increased 5-year survival rates by 9% and life expectancy by 8.7 months, decreased incidence of tuberculosis by 27%, and saved 4 medical care dollars for every 1 spent on prophylaxis. Regimens of isoniazid for 6 months, isoniazid and rifampin for 3 months, and rifampin and pyrazinamide for 2 months had similar results: 6.2- to 8.6-month increases in life expectancy, 19% to 26% reductions in incidence of tuberculosis, and 1 to 7 medical care dollars saved for every 1 spent on prophylaxis. A 3-month regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide resulted in fewer clinical benefits and was the only regimen tested that did not save medical care dollars.Prophylaxis decreases the incidence of tuberculosis and increases life expectancy for HIV-infected patients. Some regimens save medical care dollars, and some short-course regimens have clinical and economic benefits similar to those of the 12-month isoniazid regimen. Short-course prophylaxis is a reasonable alternative to the 12-month isoniazid regimen.
Immunolocalization of a novel cholesteryl ester hydrolase in the endoplasmic reticulum of murine and human hepatocytes
Authors: Olatz Fresnedo, Miguel López De Heredia, María José Martínez, Susana Cristóbal, María Teresa Rejas, José M. Cuezva, Begoña Ochoa
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

We have recently purified a cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) from rat liver microsomes. Antibodies raised against the purified protein specifically reacted with a 106-kd protein and neutralized 90% of the CEH activity of rat liver microsomes (J Lipid Res 1999;40:715-725). In this work we have used the anti-CEH antibody to study both the subcellular distribution of the protein in hepatocytes as well as its tissue-specific expression in rat. Western blotting of subcellular fractions obtained from isolated rat hepatocytes revealed that the immunoreactive 106-kd CEH was exclusively localized in microsomes. The antibody also recognized a 106-kd protein in microsomes from mouse and human liver but not from rat nonparenchymal liver cells. Confocal microscopy of HepG2 cells revealed that CEH immunoreactive material colocalized with calnexin, a marker of the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy of rat liver thin sections exclusively localized the CEH immunoreactivity to the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte. No CEH immunoreactivity was observed in microsomes derived from adrenal glands, ovaries, testis, pancreas, intestine, white adipose tissue, mammary gland, lung, spleen, brain, aorta, and macrophages. We report a CEH localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, erCEH, in the mammalian hepatocyte. The subcellular localization and tissue-restricted pattern of expression of erCEH suggests that it might have unique functions in liver cholesterol metabolism.
[21] INSULIN RESISTANCE IN 424 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS: ASSOCIATION WITH HCV REPLICATION AND ADVANCED FIBROSIS
Authors: R. Moucari, T. Asselah, V. Paradis, H. Voitot, R. Sobesky, M. Martinot-Peignoux, S. Maylin, M.-H. Nicolas-Chanoine, M. Vidaud, D. Valla, P. Bedossa, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)