tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Small Kidney Cancers in the New Millennium
Authors: William C. Huang, Coral L. Atoria, Marc Bjurlin, Laura C. Pinheiro, Paul Russo, William T. Lowrance, Elena B. Elkin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

With the significant downward size and stage migration of localized kidney cancers, the management options for small kidney cancers have expanded and evolved.To describe trends and outcomes in the management of small kidney cancers in the first decade of the new millennium.Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data linked to Medicare claims were used to identify patients 66 years or older with a pathologically confirmed small kidney cancer (<4 cm) diagnosed between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2009; analysis was performed between February 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the likelihood of nonsurgical management vs surgical intervention. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the relationships between treatment approach and overall and cancer-specific survival. The effect of treatment approach on cancer-specific survival was analyzed in a competing risks framework.The likelihood of receiving no surgery vs surgical intervention as a function of demographic and disease characteristics, as well as the relationships between treatment approach and overall and cancer-specific survival.Of 6664 patients, 5994 individuals (90.0%) had surgical treatment; the care of 670 patients (10.0%) was managed nonsurgically. Use of radical nephrectomy decreased over time (from 69.0% to 42.5%), and the use of nephron-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy and ablation) increased (from 21.5% to 49.0%); the proportion of patients who did not undergo surgery remained stable (9.5% and 8.5%). During a median follow-up of 63 months (interquartile range, 43-89 months) (follow-up for vital status through December 31, 2011), 2119 patients (31.8%) patients died, including 293 individuals (4.4%) of kidney cancer. Although overall survival was better in patients who received surgical treatment, only nephron-sparing surgery was associated with a benefit in cancer-specific survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31-0.69; P < .001).Surgery continues to be the most common treatment for patients with small kidney cancers. The use of nephron-sparing surgery exceeds radical nephrectomy in patients who receive surgery. Although our findings suggest that nonsurgical management is acceptable for certain patients, use of this approach remains low.
Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies
Authors: R Hogg, V Lima, J Sterne, S Grabar, M Battegay, M Bonarek, A D'Arminio Monforte, A Esteve, MJ Gill, RJ Harris, A Justice, A Hayden, F Lampe, A Mocroft, JC Wasmuth, MJ Mugavero, S Staszewski, A van Sighem, M Kitahata, J Guest, M Egger, M May
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Abstract 14812: Acute Venous Congestion Enhances Vasoconstriction, Inflammation, Oxidative stress and Endothelial Activation and in Compensated Ambulatory Patients with Systolic Heart Failure on Stable Medical Regimen
Authors: Yacki Hayashi, Duygu Onat, Ka Yuk Wong, Serge Cremers, Ante Harxhi, Myra M Ahmad, Nir Uriel, Ulrich P Jorde, Hani N Sabbah, Thierry H LeJemtel, Ryan T Demmer, Paolo C Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Accumulating evidence suggests that venous congestion (VC) begins to occur weeks before symptoms worsen, requiring hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Whether VC itself enhances vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial activation, thereby promoting progression to decompensation in HF patients is currently unknown.   Methods:  42 ambulatory patients with NYHA functional class II or III, an LVEF    Results:  The age of the study cohort was 53±12 years, 29% were female, 31% had an ischemic etiology and the LVEF was 22±8%. Plasma levels of ET-1 (marker of vasoconstriction), IL-6 (marker of inflammation), 8,12-iso-Isoprostane F-2alpha-VI (marker of oxidative stress) and VCAM-1 (marker of endothelial activation) significantly increased in the congested arm after 90 minutes of experimental VC. No adverse event was observed during the test.   Conclusions:  The current study provides the first direct evidence that peripheral VC is sufficient to increase plasma ET-1, IL-6, VCAM-1 and 8,12-iso-Isoprostane F-2alpha-VI. Our preliminary findings support the hypothesis that VC might be a causal contributor (as opposed to a consequence) to the pathophysiology of ADHF via its influence on vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial activation.
Abstract 4345: Dysregulated miR-205 signaling promotes symmetric division of self-renewing mammary stem cells and mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Meng-Ju Wu, Chi-Hong Chao, Chao-Ching Chang, Chun-Ju Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epigenetic control plays a key role in regulation of tumorigenesis in response to the microenvironmental stimuli, however, the regulatory mechanism involved in the process is largely unclear. We now report that a critical epigenetic regulator miR-205 is repressed by Jagged1, a ligand shown to be secreted from the tumor stroma, to promote the cancer stem cell phenotype. Loss of miR-205 in mammary epithelial cells leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, disrupted epithelial cell polarity, and enhanced symmetric division to expand the stem cell population. Furthermore, mice deficient of miR-205 spontaneously develop mammary lesions, and activation of miR-205 significantly diminishes the breast cancer stemness. These data provides the first evidence to link microenvironment and microRNA regulation to the disrupted epithelial polarity and aberrant stem cell division, leading to an expansion of the stem cell population and tumorigenesis. Together, this study elucidates a new role for miR-205 in regulation of stem cell fate, providing a promising therapeutic target to eradicate the genesis of breast cancer. Citation Format: Meng-Ju Wu, Chi-Hong Chao, Chao-Ching Chang, Chun-Ju Chang. Dysregulated miR-205 signaling promotes symmetric division of self-renewing mammary stem cells and mammary tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4345
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments Weighed
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Postgraduate Choices of Graduates From Medical Scientist Training Programs, 2004-2008
Authors: Jason C. Paik, George Howard, Robin G. Lorenz
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Drugs related to tricyclic antidepressants are a mixed bag
Authors: P Cowen, C Thompson, A Roberts, J Nakielny, S Eckett, I Hindmarch, J S Kerr, J J Ashford, J A Henry, A S Hale, D Tracey, R Gonzaga, P Naik, A Brandt, R Bergemann, B K Puri, J H Thakore, N Feemantle, T A Sheldon, F Song, J Mason, A House
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsDrugs related to tricyclic antidepressants are a mixed bag ED1TOR,-N Freemantle and colleagues propose that, compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, "newer tricyclic and related antidepressants ... will have similar impact on rates of suicide but at considerably less cost."'The drugs that are listed as newer tricyclic and related antidepressants, however, have important differences in pharmacology, clinical profile, toxicity, and cost.Maprotiline is indeed related to tricyclic anti-
Abstract 19444: Liver X Receptor Activation with AZ876 Exerts Cardiac-Specific Effects in Protection Against Pathological Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Megan V Cannon, Hongjuan Yu, Wellington M Candido, Martin M Dokter, Eva-Lotte Lindstedt, Herman H Sillje, Wiek H van Gilst, Rudolf A de Boer
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Liver X receptors (LXR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that function as master regulators of reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation. Recently, LXR activation has been shown to confer protection against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. However, cell-specific expression and function of LXR in the heart is unknown. Using a novel high-affinity LXR agonist, AZ876, we aimed to investigate the antihypertrophic and antifibrotic potential of LXR activation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced in C57Bl6/J mice via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 6 weeks. During this period, AZ876 (AZ, 20 μmol/kg/day) and vehicle (veh) were administered in chow (N=7-10/group). In vitro studies were performed in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Leucine and proline incorporation assays were used to measure protein and collagen synthesis, respectively. Results: AZ876 activation of LXR significantly reduced TAC-in...
Recent Developments in Chimeric NSAIDs as Safer Anti‐Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Sharad Kumar Suthar, Manu Sharma
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2014)

Abstract NSAIDs are among the most widely prescribed medications across the world, but the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity still remains the biggest problem and the challenge for current NSAIDs‐based therapeutics. The development of selective COX‐2 inhibitors was driven by the assumption that selective inhibition of COX‐2 would reduce the GI side effects. However, the initial enthusiasm for selective COX‐2 inhibitors has faded away due to the emergence of serious side effects associated with the long‐term use of these NSAIDs. In the recent years, a number of novel approaches to develop gastrosparing NSAIDs have been explored with the promising results. This review deals with such approaches and strategies that have been employed in the last two decades and are being used currently in the design and development of safer NSAIDs.
Abstract 17392: Bilateral Blood Pressure Measurement: a Simple Way to Reduce Diagnostic Delay in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection
Authors: Mauro Iafrancesco, Jorge Mascaro, Mahmoud Abdelaziz, Sunil Bhudia, Ishtiaq A Rahman, Alan J Bryan, Amit P Modi, Geoffrey Tsang, Francesco Pirone, Michael E Lewis, George Doukas, Andrew J Ritchie, Amal K Bose, John H Dark, Ed W Peng, Andrew Goodwin, Kunal Bhakhri, Neil Roberts, Hajira Siddiqui, Olaf Wendler, Mahmoud Loubani, Mohamad Bashir, Deborah Harrington, Aung Y Oo, Robert Ibe, Andrew Chukwuemeka, Aaron M Ranasinghe
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Despite rapid presentation, the majority of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) have significant delays to diagnosis and surgical treatment. Hypothesis: We set out to investigate factors associated with diagnostic delay in ATAAD in the UK. Methods: As part of a UK-wide national audit, patients admitted to their institution with a known diagnosis of ATAAD between January 2009 and July 2011 were identified. Using a standardised questionnaire, retrospective data was collected on presentational symptoms, time, potential differential diagnoses, time to operative intervention and outcomes. Results: A total of 14 centres submitted data on a total of 239 patients. At presentation 91.6% were symptomatic and the majority (74.5%) presented to non-surgical centres. Bilateral upper limb blood pressures were recorded in 48.4% and of these 56.3% had a &gt;20mmHg difference in blood pressure. The median [IQR] time between symptom onset and admission was 2 hours (h) [1.2-4.9], between admission and diagnosis 4.5 [2.3-18.3] h and between symptoms to operation was 14.8 [9.1-32.8] h. Diagnosis delay was greater than 3 h in 63% of patients and than 12 h in 33%. Surgical in-hospital mortality was 22.5%. In only 155 (64.9%) patients ATAAD was included in the differential diagnosis at initial presentation. Non-consideration of ATAAD was significantly higher in patients presenting without pain (52% vs. 29%, p: 0.039) and in whom only unilateral BP measurement was taken (43% vs. 13%, p &lt;0.0001) and significantly lower in whom a 20 mmHg difference in BP between arms was found (26% vs. 6%, p &lt;0.013). Measurement of unilateral BP was significantly associated with a delay in diagnosis of greater than 3 h (72% vs. 52%, p: 0.043) and greater than 12 h (47% vs. 14%, p&lt;0.0001). Non-consideration of ATAAD resulted in administration of heparin and/or antiplatelets in 21% of patients. Conclusions: There are still significant delays in diagnosis and management of ATAAD. These are in part related to non-consideration of the potential diagnosis. Measurement of bilateral BP is a simple intervention and may reduce non-consideration of the diagnosis by revealing patients with a pulse deficit and increasing the index of suspicion to aid in the diagnosis of ATAAD.
841. Cysteine-Flanked Melittin Analogues as Lysotropic Gene Delivery Vectors
Authors: Chang-Po Chen, Ji-seon Kim, Kevin G. Rice
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Cysteine-flanked peptides are uniquely designed to bind ionically to plasmid DNA and undergo a template polymerization via formation of disulfide bonds 1. Thereby, relatively short cationic peptides can form long polypeptides that transiently stabilize DNA condensates until they reach the reducing environment of the endosome which triggers disulfide bond reduction and DNA release. Using an orthoganol protection scheme, we have previously synthesized cysteine-flanked glycopeptides and PEG-peptides and used these to demonstrate transient gene expression in vivo 2,3.
Post-Mortem Appearances.
Authors: Joan Margaret Ross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

This little book, of convenient pocket size, was designed to describe gross anatomic changes seen at necropsy which help to characterize the main pathologic conditions. In addition to a brief description of necropsy methods, sections are devoted to the general findings to be expected in the presence of metabolic and deficiency diseases, infections and diseases of specific organs. A useful section deals with problems of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. In the appendixes weights and measurements of organs, dates of ossification and principal bones and states of maturity of the fetus are useful additions. It was hoped by the author that the book would be of aid to physicians who may have to perform an occasional necropsy, as well as to beginning students who wish to specialize in pathology. This little book may well serve a useful purpose in every morgue as a convenient and inexpensive reference source.
Bloodborne Pathogen Hotline
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 249: Sodium Nitroprusside Combined with Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation Increases Neurologically Favorable 24-Hour Survival in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Guillaume Debaty, Anja Metzger, Jennifer Rees, Scott McKnite, Timothy Matsuura, Jason Bartos, Michael Lick, Demetris Yannopoulos, Keith G Lurie
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Use of epinephrine and standard (S) CPR has not been shown to improve neurologically-sound survival after cardiac arrest. Treatment with the potent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) improves neurologically intact survival rates in animals when combined with abdominal compression, active compression decompression (ACD) CPR, and an impedance threshold device (ITD). We recently observed that SNP combined with ACD-CPR and a new intrathoracic pressure regulator (IPR), which provides continuous negative intrathoracic pressure after each positive pressure ventilation, increases blood flow to the heart and brain in the absence of epinephrine or abdominal compression. We hypothesized that this combination of SNP plus ACD CPR plus IPR (S-A-I) would improve 24h survival with favorable neurologic function compared with S-CPR. Method: After 12 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), 14 pigs received 3 minutes of S-CPR and were then randomized to a) a bolus of epinephrine (0.05mcg/kg), 2 more minutes of S-CPR and up to 3 defibrillation shocks or b) S-A-I and up to 3 shocks 2 minutes later. All resuscitated animals received therapeutic hypothermia for 4 hours. The primary endpoint was favorable neurologic outcome 24h after resuscitation defined by a Cerebral Performance Category score ≤ 2 (CPC with 1 for no deficit and 5 as dead or unable to resuscitate) as determined by a blinded veterinarian. Hemodynamic parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were recorded. Data are presented as mean±SEM. Results: At 24 hours, 0/7 pigs in the S-CPR group vs. 5/7 pigs in S-A-I had favorable outcome (p=0.02). One pig survived 24 hours in the S-CPR group with a CPC of 4 vs. 5 in the S-A-I group with a CPC of 1.4±0.2. Carotid blood flow and ETCO2 were higher with S-A-I_vs. S-CPR and epinephrine (127±32 vs. 22±4 ml/min, p=0.005, and 46±5 vs. 22±3 mmHg, respectively, p=0.001). Conclusion: After prolonged VF in pigs, treatment with the combination of ACD CPR, an intrathoracic pressure regulator and SNP, in the absence of epinephrine, significantly increased carotid flow, ETCO2 levels, and neurologically-favorable 24 hour survival rates compared with S-CPR and epinephrine. This novel and promising approach should be considered for a Phase 1 human trial.
Frequency of Ejaculation and Risk of Prostate Cancer—Reply
Authors: Michael F. Leitzmann, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13560: Incidence, Predictive Factors and Prognostic Value of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Ignacio J Amat, Eric Dumont, Marina Urena, Rodrigo Bagur, Robert Delarochelliere, Daniel J Doyle, Jacques Villeneuve, Juan-Maria Manazzoni, Philippe Pibarot, Luis Nombela-Franco, Mélanie Côté, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Very few data exist on new-onset atrial fibrillation/flutter (NOAF) as a potential complication associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objectives of this st...