tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with excessive daytime somnolence
Authors: Julia L. Newton, John G. Gibson, Mark Tomlinson, Katharine Wilton, David Jones
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

A significant proportion of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) suffer from severe fatigue. The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of daytime sleep in patients with PBC (using both objective and subjective assessment approaches) and to study the association between sleep abnormality and fatigue severity. Fatigue severity was assessed in 48 female subjects with PBC (using a disease-specific quality of life instrument (the PBC-40) and a generic fatigue measure (Fatigue Impact Scale [FIS]) as well as 48 case-matched normal controls. All participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, which assesses daytime hypersomnolence). Objective sleep assessment was performed using accelerometry over 7 days. Global sleep quality assessed by the PSQI was significantly lower in the PBC group compared to controls ( P &lt; .0001). ESS scores were significantly higher in patients with PBC than controls ( P = .0001), suggesting significantly greater daytime somnolence in the patients with PBC. Objective sleep assessment confirmed that subjects with PBC were sleeping on average almost twice as long as controls during the daytime. Both degree of daytime somnolence (ESS) and actual daytime sleep activity (accelerometry) correlated strongly with fatigue severity in the patient group ( r 2 = 0.5, P &lt; .0001 and r 2 = 0.2, P &lt; .01, respectively). In conclusion, Sleep abnormality, in the form of excessive daytime somnolence, is present in a significant proportion of patients with PBC, with the degree of daytime somnolence correlating strongly with the degree of fatigue. Existing agents effective at reducing daytime somnolence (such as modafinil) hold potential for the treatment of fatigue in PBC. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Is There a Role for Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Authors: Ka Kit Hui
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While I agree that there are many inappropriate claims being made for many therapies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and conventional Western medicine in and out of China, we should be wary of passing judgment on other systems of healing, eg, TCM, with limited knowledge and little or no experience in the medical tradition we are trying to evaluate. We must be critical; at the same time, we should always be open-minded, especially when considering world views different from our own. Traditional Chinese medicine is, for those who have mastered it, a medical paradigm complete with theoretical foundations derived from empirical observations and creative synthesis. The assertion that Mao and the Communist Party promoted barefoot doctors and traditional healers over Westerntrained physicians because of prevailing socioeconomic conditions at the time cannot be denied. However, Drs Sampson and Beyerstein<sup>1</sup>are incorrect in claiming that "the Communist Party
The Allergic Child
Authors: William B. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The dust jacket of this book proclaims "the theory and practice of pediatric allergy presented for the first time in one volume." However, it differs from previous books on the subject (one of which had five of the same authors) more by the inclusion of material on botany, mycology, and even cooking than in the discussion of the theory and practice of medicine. The present text is intended primarily as a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of the common allergic diseases of children. As such it will be useful to pediatricians and general practitioners, for most of the material presented is explicit and sound. The effectiveness is impaired by including as allergic diseases such vague conditions as allergic toxemia and the allergic tension-fatigue syndrome. There is less risk that these concepts will be accepted literally by the intelligent physician than that their presence may lessen confidence in the
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and congenital anomalies of kidneys: Evidence of locus on chromosome 13q
Authors: Abhay N. Vats, Chandra Ishwad, Kalyani R. Vats, Michael Moritz, Demetrius Ellis, Christine Mueller, Urvashi Surti, Maria Z. Parizhskaya, Manuel P. Meza, Leah Burke, Francis X. Schneck, Malika Saxena, Robert Ferrell
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
ECT: balancing risks and benefits.
Authors: D Pond
Journal: BMJ (1980)

intermediate social and economic conditions, has a similar prevalence of gall stones at necropsy to that found in several English towns.However, the death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Scotland was 260o greater for males under 60 and 60%, greater for females in the same age group.We do not have sufficient information to analyse statistically the relationship between gall stones and ischaemic heart disease, but these figures suggest that the negative correlation described by Dr Barker does not apply to this region.
Commentary: Placebo run ins have some value
Authors: L. E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Disclosures of funding sources and conflicts of interests (COI) in published peer-reviewed journal articles have recently begun to receive some attention, but many critical questions remain, for example, how often such reporting occurs concerning research conducted in the developing world and what factors may be involved. <h3>Design</h3> Of all articles indexed in Medline reporting on human subject HIV research in 2007 conducted in four countries (India, Thailand, Nigeria and Uganda), this study explored how many disclosed a funding source and COI, and what factors are involved. <h3>Results</h3> Of 221 articles that met the criteria, 67.9% (150) disclosed the presence or absence of a funding source, but only 20% (44) disclosed COI. Studies from Uganda were more likely, and those from Nigeria were less likely to mention a funding source (p&lt;0.001). Of articles in journals that had adopted International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines, 56% did not disclose COI. Disclosure of funding was more likely when: ≥50% of the authors and the corresponding author were from the sponsoring country, the sponsor country was the USA, and the articles were published in journals in which more of the editors were from the sponsoring countries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Of the published studies examined, over a third did not disclose funding source (ie, whether or not there was a funding source) and 80% did not disclose whether COI existed. Most articles in ICMJE-affiliated journals did not disclose COI. These data suggest the need to consider alteration of policies to require that published articles include funding and COI information, to allow readers to assess articles as fully as possible.
Specialized Surveillance for Individuals at High Risk for Melanoma
Authors: Caroline G. Watts, Anne E. Cust, Scott W. Menzies, Elliot Coates, Graham J. Mann, Rachael L. Morton
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

IMPORTANCE Regular surveillance of individuals at high risk for cutaneous melanoma improves early detection and reduces unnecessary excisions; however, a cost analysis of this specialized service has not been undertaken.OBJECTIVE To determine the mean cost per patient of surveillance in a high-risk clinic from the health service and societal perspectives. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe used a bottom-up microcosting method to measure resource use in a consecutive sample of 102 patients treated in a high-risk hospital-based clinic in Australia during a 12-month period. EXPOSURE Surveillance and treatment of melanoma.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All surveillance and treatment procedures were identified through direct observation, review of medical records, and interviews with staff and were valued using scheduled fees from the Australian government.Societal costs included transportation and loss of productivity. RESULTSThe mean number of clinic visits per year was 2.7 (95% CI, 2.5-2.8) for surveillance and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.4-4.1)for patients requiring surgical excisions.The mean annual cost per patient to the health system was A $882 (95% CI, A $783-$982) (US $599 [95% CI, US $532-$665]); the cost discounted across 20 years was A $11 546 (95% CI, A $10 263-$12 829) (US $7839 [95% CI, US $6969-$8710]).The mean annual societal cost per patient (excluding health system costs) was A $972 (95% CI, A $899-$1045) (US $660 [95% CI, US $611-$710]); the cost discounted across 20 years was A $12 721 (95% CI, A $12 554-$14 463) (US $8637 [95% CI, US $8523-$9820]).Diagnosis of melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer and frequent excisions for benign lesions in a relatively small number of patients was responsible for positively skewed health system costs.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Microcosting techniques provide an accurate cost estimate for the provision of a specialized service.The high societal cost reflects the time that patients are willing to invest to attend the high-risk clinic.This alternative model of care for a high-risk population has relevance for decision making about health policy.
Chronic Concern Over an Acute-Phase Reactant
Authors: Shelby Badani, Sopheap Na
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

A 59-year-old man with a history of shoulder and knee pain presented to our clinic reporting 6 years of left osteoarthritic hip pain. His pain had been progressive, and at the time of presentation, he required the use of a cane for support. The results of radiologic studies showed a loss of joint space with thinning of the upper aspect of the left hip joint with bone-on-bone appearance and subchondral cyst formation. The femoral head articular contour showed flattening and severe atrophy on x-ray. He had no history of prior joint replacement or cardiovascular disease. He was referred to the orthopedic surgery clinic, where he was deemed an appropriate can
Analysis of lymphocyte subsets of bone marrow in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by two colour immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.
Authors: M Doita, S Maeda, K Kawai, K Hirohata, T Sugiyama
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies were investigated in bone marrow and peripheral blood of 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 13 patients with osteoarthritis or aseptic necrosis served as controls. Patients with RA were found to have a raised OKT 4/8 ratio both in bone marrow and peripheral blood in comparison with the controls. Furthermore, bone marrow of RA showed a lower percentage of OKT 8+ T cells than that of controls. The percentage of HLA-DR+ T cells was higher in bone marrow than in peripheral blood of RA, though a slightly lower percentage was detected in bone marrow than in peripheral blood of controls. Thus T cell subsets in bone marrow of RA differ significantly from those of controls. Patients with RA had a higher OKT 4/8 ratio and a higher percentage of HLA-DR+ T cells in bone marrow than controls, suggesting that T cell subsets in bone marrow of RA are in an immunologically activated state and that T cell subsets are affected by rheumatoid inflammation in bone marrow of RA.
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: RUSSELL L. CECIL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It is customary nowadays to open any discussion on the treatment of chronic arthritis with a preliminary paragraph on the classification of the disease. This is a rational procedure, but unfortunately the terminology now in use is confusing to many physicians, chiefly because of the multiplicity of synonyms. Many of these synonyms might well be forgotten. As a matter of fact the modern classification of chronic arthritis is quite simple, much simpler than that of chronic nephritis or chronic heart disease. The differentiation of chronic arthritis into two groups has resulted largely from careful pathologic studies of the disease, but there are definite clinical features of each type as well. Pathologically the two great groups are so different that it is hard to see how any one could confuse them. Osteo-arthritis, or hypertrophic arthritis, is well named, because it is a degenerative process which affects the bone and cartilage. The
The Great Fallout Controversy
Authors: Aaron Nisenson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am afraid that the editorial on "The Great Fallout Controversy" (<i>JAMA</i><b>179</b>:66 [Jan. 6] 1962), tends to give me a false sense of security. One is primarily concerned in radioactive fallout with strontium-90, which has a half-life of 28 years, and is found in cow's milk. Although the present levels of strontium-90 in our atmosphere are not high enough to produce any deleterious effects, one is not certain what these effects will be over the ensuing years. According to a pamphlet published by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, October, 1961, "Very little is known about the effect on animals or humans of very low, but prolonged exposures, such as fallout from distant nuclear tests." No long-term experiments have been done to date. Dr. Louis Reiss, in<i>Science</i>, Nov. 24, 1961, analyzed the strontium-90 content of shed baby teeth from 1951 to 1954.
Various 'cold warriors' tested against viruses
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Is inducing a limited infection in the nose the most effective way to trigger immunity to the common cold? Approximately 95% of the immunoglobulin produced in the nasal mucous membrane is produced locally. Robert B. Couch, MD, Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, in a review of the scientific literature pertaining to the common cold, concludes that inducing such an infection may be the best way to provide cold immunity (<i>J Infect Dis</i>1984;150:167-175). It is here that the "catch-22" of cold virus research enters the picture, however. Oral administration of an antiviral drug delivers it to all the tissues, but a dosage large enough to be clinically effective often elicits unacceptable adverse effects, including mucosal irritation and pronounced lymphocytic cell infiltration. For a common cold vaccine or antiviral drug to be most effective, it seems to be necessary to introduce it directly into the nasal passage. But because the nasal cilia are
Predictive factors for successful imatinib cessation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib
Authors: Sung‐Eun Lee, Soo Young Choi, Ju‐Hee Bang, Soo‐Hyun Kim, Eun‐jung Jang, Ji‐Young Byeun, Jin‐Eok Park, Hye‐Rim Jeon, Yun Jeong Oh, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Joon Seong Park, Seong Hyun Jeong, Sung‐Hyun Kim, Dae Young Zang, Sukjoong Oh, Dong Hoe Koo, Hawk Kim, Young Rok Do, Jae‐Yong Kwak, Jeong‐A Kim, Dae‐Young Kim, Yeung‐Chul Mun, Michael J. Mauro, Dong‐Wook Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Although recent studies have suggested that cessation of imatinib (IM) in chronic myeloid leukemia patients can be associated with sustained response, further validation is needed to explore predictive factors. In a prospective, multicenter study, chronic phase patients were eligible for cessation of IM therapy after more than 3 years if they had no detectable BCR-ABL1 transcript for at least 2 years. A total of 48 patients with a median age of 47 years (19-74 years) were enrolled. Twenty patients received IM for post-transplant relapse. After a median follow-up of 15.8 months (1.4-28.2 months) after IM discontinuation, nine of the non-transplant group lost undetectable molecular residual disease (UMRD) and major molecular response (MMR), whereas none of the 20 patients in the transplant group experienced UMRD loss. Probabilities for sustained MMR and UMRD were 64.4% and 66.3% in the non-transplant group, respectively. Of nine patients re-treated with IM, eight patients re-achieved MMR at a median of 1.7 months (0.9-2.8 months). Seven of these patients re-achieved UMRD at a median of 5.6 months (2.8-12.1 months). Previous transplantation, IM duration, and UMRD duration were significantly associated with sustained molecular responses. Our data strongly suggest that immunological control contributes to sustained suppression of residual leukemia cell expansion and that IM can be safely discontinued in patients with post-transplant relapse.
The renal papilla is a niche for adult kidney stem cells
Authors: Juan A. Oliver, Omar Maarouf, Faisal H. Cheema, Timothy P. Martens, Qais Al-Awqati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Many adult organs contain stem cells, which are pluripotent and are involved in organ maintenance and repair after injury. In situ, these cells often have a low cycling rate and locate in specialized regions (niches). To detect such cells in the kidney, we administered a pulse of the nucleotide bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to rat and mouse pups and, after a long (more than 2-month) chase, examined whether the kidney contained a population of low-cycling cells. We found that in the adult kidney, BrdU-retaining cells were very sparse except in the renal papilla, where they were numerous. During the repair phase of transient renal ischemia, these cells entered the cell cycle and the BrdU signal quickly disappeared from the papilla, despite the absence of apoptosis in this part of the kidney. In vitro isolation of renal papillary cells showed them to have a plastic phenotype that could be modulated by oxygen tension and that when injected into the renal cortex, they incorporated into the renal parenchyma. In addition, like other stem cells, papillary cells spontaneously formed spheres. Single-cell clones of these cells coexpressed mesenchymal and epithelial proteins and gave rise to myofibroblasts, cells expressing neuronal markers, and cells of uncharacterized phenotype. These data indicate that the renal papilla is a niche for adult kidney stem cells.
Effects of Interleukin-2 on Renal Function in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy for Advanced Cancer
Authors: ARIE BELLDEGRUN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Adoptive transfer of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells in conjunction with recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with advanced cancer has produced significant regression of metastatic disease in selected patients. We analyzed the effects of interleukin-2 regimens on renal function in 99 consecutive patients. Interleukin-2 therapy with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells was associated with varying degrees of hypotension, fluid retention, azotemia, oliguria, and low fractional sodium excretion. After the patients completed the interleukin-2 regimens, their renal function improved promptly. Renal function values returned to baseline levels within 7 days in 62% of patients, within 14 days in 84%, and within 30 days in 95%. Pretherapy serum creatinine values above 1.4 mg/dL predicted the severity of azotemia and prolonged duration of renal functional recovery. Interleukin-2 therapeutic regimens induce prerenal azotemia. Careful selection of patients and early detection of adverse physiologic changes may alleviate the side effects of interleukin-2 therapy.
HLA‐DR2 predicts a favorable response to cyclosporine therapy in patients with bone marrow failure
Authors: Shinji Nakao, Masaki Yamaguchi, Masanori Saito, Shizuka Yasue, Shintaro Shiobara, Tomatsu Matsuda, Makoto Nitta, Makoto Sasaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)
Improving the Preservation of the Urethral Sphincter and Neurovascular Bundles During Open Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy
Authors: Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Salonia, Nazareno Suardi, Andrea Gallina, Giuseppe Zanni, Alberto Briganti, Federico Deho’, Richard Naspro, Elena Farina, Patrizio Rigatti
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Long term mortality after starvation during the Leningrad siege: Crucial confounding factor was overlooked
Authors: Michael D Croft
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Sparen et al retrospectively analysed outcomes, in terms of cardiovascular mortality, in siege survivors and have selected as controls men of similar age who did not experience the siege.1 The data show that survivors have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The authors conclude that the process of starvation has adversely affected the physiology of the men who experienced food shortages at a critical …
Expression of p89c-Mybex9b, an alternatively spliced form of c-Myb, is required for proliferation and survival of p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells
Authors: G Manzotti, S A Mariani, F Corradini, R Bussolari, V Cesi, J Vergalli, G Ferrari-Amorotti, V Fragliasso, A R Soliera, S Cattelani, G Raschellà, T L Holyoake, B Calabretta
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

The c-Myb gene encodes the p75(c-Myb) isoform and less-abundant proteins generated by alternatively spliced transcripts. Among these, the best known is p(c-Mybex9b), which contains 121 additional amino acids between exon 9 and 10, in a domain involved in protein-protein interactions and negative regulation. In hematopoietic cells, expression of p(c-Mybex9b) accounts for 10-15% of total c-Myb; these levels may be biologically relevant because modest changes in c-Myb expression affects proliferation and survival of leukemic cells and lineage choice and frequency of normal hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we assessed biochemical activities of p(c-Mybex9b) and the consequences of perturbing its expression in K562 and primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progenitor cells. Compared with p75(c-Myb), p(c-Mybex9b) is more stable and more effective in transactivating Myb-regulated promoters. Ectopic expression of p(c-Mybex9b) enhanced proliferation and colony formation and reduced imatinib (IM) sensitivity of K562 cells; conversely, specific downregulation of p(c-Mybex9b) reduced proliferation and colony formation, enhanced IM sensitivity of K562 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation of CML CD34(+) cells, without affecting the levels of p75(c-Myb). Together, these studies indicate that expression of the low-abundance p(c-Mybex9b) isoform has an important role for the overall biological effects of c-Myb in BCR/ABL-transformed cells.
T-cell epitope mapping by flow cytometry
Authors: Florian Kern, Ingolf Pascal Surel, Carsten Brock, Bernd Freistedt, Hartmut Radtke, Alexander Scheffold, Rainer Blasczyk, Petra Reinke, Jens Schneider-Mergener, Andreas Radbruch, Peter Walden, Hans-Dieter Volk
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Treatment of Intractable Pain with Morphine and Tetrahydroaminacrine
Authors: V. Stone, W. Moon, F. H. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1961)

During the winters of 1958-9 and 1959-60 a controlled trial was held in order to see if tetracycline in therapeutic dosage for two days at the start of an upper respiratory infection in children would prevent the development of bronchitis or disabling chesty colds.Ninety-six children entered the trial and were randomized into two groups.Those in one were given tetracycline and in the other a placebo.For each of the factors analysed there was a difference in favour of the tetracycline-treated group.Attacks of bronchitis were prevented in -58% of the upper respiratory infec- tions treated with tetracycline, compared with 49% of those in the control group; the average durations of time off school per attack were 1.9 and 2.9 days respectively.I am indebted to Dr. Ian Sutherland for his advice and help in planning this investigation, and for the statistical treatment of the results.I am