tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential cytotoxic effects of arsenic on human and animal cells.
Authors: T C Lee, I C Ho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Human fibroblasts (HFW) were 10-fold more susceptible than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to sodium arsenite. Comparison of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities showed that CHO-K1 cells contained 3- and 8-fold more glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, respectively, than HFW cells. Since vitamin E, methylamine, and benzyl alcohol could prevent, in part, the arsenite-induced killing of HFW cells, we suggest that arsenite can induce oxidative damage in HFW cells. We have also established arsenic-resistant cells, SA7 and CL3R, from CHO cells and from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (CL3), respectively. The arsenic resistance of SA7 cells was attributed mainly to elevation of glutathione S-transferase pi levels, and that of CL3R cells was possibly due to an increase in heme oxygenase activity. Since induction of heme oxygenase is a general response to oxidative stress, we suspect that the differential toxicity of arsenic to human and animal cells could be due to arsenic's more efficient induction of oxidative damage in human cells.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: William H. Prioleau
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The treatment of varicose veins as commonly practiced consists of high ligation of the internal saphenous vein and some obliteration of its main trunk and dilated tributaries by stripping and the injection of sclerosing solutions, either singly or in combination. While this is generally productive of early good results and proves adequate in some cases, it is followed by a high incidence of persistence and recurrence of the varicosities and excessive venous thrombosis. This is accounted for by the fact that the extent of the operation is too limited and the method of obliteration is poorly controlled, not definitive, and accompanied by undue risk of complications.  These observations were made on patients whom I treated by high ligation and injection prior to 1946,1as well as those treated by others. As a result thereof, the injection of sclerosing solutions was discontinued and the resection of the veins has been
Cooperative mediation by serotonin S2 and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor activation of cyclic flow variations in dogs with severe coronary artery stenoses.
Authors: J H Ashton, M L Ogletree, I M Michel, P Golino, J M McNatt, A L Taylor, S Raheja, J Schmitz, L M Buja, W B Campbell
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We have reported previously that thromboxane A2/prostaglandin (PG)H2 and serotonin independently mediate the occurrence of cyclic flow variations (CFVs) in a canine preparation of severe coronary artery narrowing. This may be due to an effect of these substances on platelets and/or the vascular wall. We tested the hypothesis that there is a cooperative effect between thromboxane A2/PGH2 and serotonin receptor stimulation in the development of CFVs in this animal preparation. After placement of a hard plastic cylindrical constrictor around the left anterior descending coronary artery, CFVs develop and are characterized by repetitive cycles of declines in coronary blood flow and abrupt increases in flow. In a control group of dogs, CFV frequency (cycles/hour) and severity (lowest coronary blood flow just before its restoration) did not change significantly over a 3 hr interval. In a second group of dogs, CFVs were established after constrictor placement, abolished with the serotonin (5HT2) receptor antagonist ketanserin, and reestablished by the continuous infusion of serotonin into the left atrium. Serotonin-induced CFVs were then abolished with a thromboxane A2/PGH2 receptor antagonist, SQ29,548, or a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben (UK37,248). The relative specificity of the respective antagonists, SQ29,548 and ketanserin, was determined in canine platelets and rat aortic vascular strips. No significant cross-reactivity between ketanserin and SQ29,548 was found. Thus, the data obtained in these studies demonstrate a cooperative interaction between thromboxane A2/PGH2 and serotonin S2 receptors that contributes to the development of CFVs in this experimental preparation.
High Failure Rate for an Epicardial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Lead: Implications for Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: Peter A Brady, Paul A Friedman, Jane M Trusty, Suellen Grice, Stephen C Hammill, Marshall S Stanton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Sorbitol as a test substance for measurement of liver plasma flow in humans
Authors: Susanne Keiding, Eva Engsted, Peter Ott
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The objective of this study was to evaluate whole-body removal kinetics of sorbitol, the use of extrarenal sorbitol clearance to estimate hepatic plasma flow in humans, and to compare measurements of liver flow by Fick's principle using either indocyanine green (ICG) or sorbitol. A sorbitol bolus (5 mmol/kg) was given intravenously to 6 controls for determination of sorbitol elimination capacity (SEC) and distribution volume, V(sorb)d. Sorbitol infusion (287 micromol/ min) was given to 17 liver patients and 11 controls. Extrarenal sorbitol clearance (V(sorb)x was calculated as infusion rate (corrected for renal excretion and accumulation in V(sorb)d) divided by arterial concentration. Liver flow (Q(ICG)) was calculated from the ICG infusion and arterial and hepatic venous ICG concentrations by Fick's principle. Average SEC was 73 micromol/min/kg, V(sorb)d was 0.16 L plasma per kilogram, and in vivo V(sorb)d was 3 mmol/L. Renal sorbitol excretion rate was 0.03 to 0.31 of infusion rate. Extrahepatic extrarenal removal was not significantly different from zero but varied considerably. Hepatic extraction fraction of sorbitol, (E(sorb)), measured by liver vein catheterization, was 0.35 to 1.04 (median, 0.86) in cirrhotic patients and 0.90 to 0.98 (0.86) in controls. The requirements for using Cl(sorb)x as an estimate of Q(ICG) was not violated by the data in controls, Cl(sorb)x/Q(ICG) 0.70 to 1.55 [median, 1.08]), whereas there was a systematic underestimation in cirrhotic patients (0.72-1.08 [0.85]). Liver flow calculated by Fick's principle using either sorbitol or ICG agreed well. E(sorb) > E(ICG) in each individual except one. Curvilinear relationship between E(sorb) and E(ICG) was in agreement with different kinetic parameters for sorbitol and ICG, and did not require additional assumption of intrahepatic shunts.
Cardiac Glycosides Initiate Apo2L/TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Up-regulation of Death Receptors 4 and 5
Authors: Steffen Frese, Manuela Frese-Schaper, Anne-Catherine Andres, Daniela Miescher, Beatrice Zumkehr, Ralph A. Schmid
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) belongs to the TNF family known to transduce their death signals via cell membrane receptors. Because it has been shown that Apo2L/TRAIL induces apoptosis in tumor cells without or little toxicity to normal cells, this cytokine became of special interest for cancer research. Unfortunately, cancer cells are often resistant to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis; however, this can be at least partially negotiated by parallel treatment with other substances, such as chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we report that cardiac glycosides, which have been used for the treatment of cardiac failure for many years, sensitize lung cancer cells but not normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Sensitization to Apo2L/TRAIL mediated by cardiac glycosides was accompanied by up-regulation of death receptors 4 (DR4) and 5 (DR5) on both RNA and protein levels. The use of small interfering RNA revealed that up-regulation of death receptors is essential for the demonstrated augmentation of apoptosis. Blocking of up-regulation of DR4 and DR5 alone significantly reduced cell death after combined treatment with cardiac glycosides and Apo2L/TRAIL. Combined silencing of DR4 and DR5 abrogated the ability of cardiac glycosides and Apo2L/TRAIL to induce apoptosis in an additive manner. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that glycosides up-regulate DR4 and DR5, thereby reverting the resistance of lung cancer cells to Apo2/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that the combination of Apo2L/TRAIL and cardiac glycosides may be a new interesting anticancer treatment strategy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5867-74)
SPORT CONCUSSION KNOWLEDGE BASE AND CURRENT PRACTICE– A SURVEY OF PHYSICIAN SECTIONS FROM THE ONTARIO MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: C Lebrun, M Mrazik, A Prasad, T Taylor, T Jevremovic
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background It is critical that physicians understand concussion management. Objective Identify practice patterns/knowledge base in two physician populations. Design On-line survey. Setting Ontario, Canada. Participants Physicians from Sections: Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM), General and Family Practice (SGFP). Interventions Emailed survey, 2 reminders. Main utcome measurements: Practice patterns/knowledge base, learning methods: current/preferred. Results Participants : SEM 92/594 (15.5%), SGFP 270/12,168 (2.2%); urban practice (90.2% SEM, 71.5% SFGP; P&lt;.001). In preceding 3 months, 84.8% of SEM and 65.6% of SFGP had managed patients with concussion. More SEM than SGFP physicians saw &gt;5 children under 18 with concussions per month (40.2% SEM, 9.5% SGFP; P&lt;001). Tools: Clinical examination (92.4% SEM, 93.7% SFGP); Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT/SCAT2) (68.4% SEM, 34.1% SFGP; P&lt;.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SFGP; P=.001); computerized neurocognitive testing (23.9% SEM, 1.9% SFGP; P&lt;.001); concussion grading scales (9.8% SEM, 14.1% SFGP; P&lt;.001). Management: Complete physical rest (65.2% SEM, 68.5% SFGP); absolute cognitive rest (46.7% SEM, 51.9% SFGP); modified school/work until symptom resolution (50.0% SEM, 38.5% SFGP; P=.026); no cognitive rest (3.2% SEM, 9.6% SGFP; P=.026). Return-to-play : Clinical examination (87.0% SEM, 82.6% SFGP); SCAT/SCAT2 (60.8% SEM, 29.6% SFGP; P&lt;.001); balance testing (56.5% SEM, 37.4% SFGP; P&lt;.001); computerized neurocognitive testing (35.9% SEM, 2.2% SFGP; P&lt;.001); concussion grading scales (7.6% SEM, 9.6% SFGP). Current learning sources: colleagues (55.4% SEM, 27.8% SFGP; P&lt;.001); specialists (33.7% SEM, 23.7% SFGP; P=.030); continuing medical education (CME) courses/conferences (67.4% SEM, 54.7% SFGP; P=.017); journals/publications (48.9% SEM, 25.2% SFGP; P&lt;.001); websites (35.8% SEM, 32.2% SFGP); medical school/residency training (19.6% SEM, 17.4% SFGP). Preferred learning sources: CME courses/conferences (85.9% SEM, 73.9% SFGP; P=.006); websites (35.9% SEM, 47.8%, SFGP; P=.024); medical school/residency training (37.0% SEM, 47.8% SFGP). Conclusions Gaps exist between consensus-based recommendations regarding concussions and current clinical practice patterns. Enhanced training in medical school/residency and additional CME initiatives are recommended.
Dutch insurance company will pay doctors to prescribe cheap drugs
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A court in the Netherlands has rejected attempts by doctors and patients' groups to stop a health insurance company offering financial rewards to doctors for prescribing cheap generic versions of statins and proton pump inhibitors.

The court ruled that the scheme, from Menzis, one of the largest health insurers, does not remove doctors' independence or obligation to make their …
Cardioprotective Mechanism of Ischemic Preconditioning Is Impaired by Postinfarct Ventricular Remodeling Through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Activation
Authors: Takayuki Miki, Tetsuji Miura, Akihito Tsuchida, Atsushi Nakano, Tohru Hasegawa, Takayuki Fukuma, Kazuaki Shimamoto
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Activation of protein kinase C–linked receptors and subsequent opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K + (mitoK ATP ) channel are crucial in preconditioning (PC). This study examined whether postinfarct ventricular remodeling interferes with the PC mechanism. Methods and Results —Two weeks before isolation of hearts, rabbits underwent a sham operation or coronary ligation (COL) to induce remodeling. Isolated buffer-perfused hearts were subjected to 30-minute global ischemia/2-hour reperfusion, and infarct size was expressed as a percentage of the left ventricle (%I/LV), from which the scarred infarct by COL was excluded. Although %I/LV was similar in sham-operated and remodeled hearts (52.9±6.5% versus 45.8±5.2%), PC with 2 episodes of 5-minute ischemia protected sham-operated but not remodeled hearts (%I/LV=18.1±2.5% versus 54.8±2.9%, P &lt;0.05). Infusion of valsartan (10 mg · kg − 1 · d − 1 ), an angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor blocker, for 2 weeks after COL prevented the ventricular remodeling and preserved the response to PC (%I/LV=27.4±3.8%), although valsartan alone did not change %I/LV. Diazoxide, a mitoK ATP channel opener, protected both sham-operated and remodeled hearts (%I/LV=14.1±3.1% and 8.3±3.6%). Conclusions —The myocardium remodeled after infarction is refractory to PC, which is probably due to interruption of cellular signaling by PC upstream of mitoK ATP channels. An AT 1 receptor blocker is beneficial not only for suppression of ventricular remodeling but also for preservation of the PC mechanism.
A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ORAL ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS.
Authors: M. A. SMITH, PAMELA M. WATERWORTH, M. P. CURWEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ORAL ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS. Get access M. A. SMITH, M. A. SMITH The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PAMELA M. WATERWORTH, PAMELA M. WATERWORTH The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. P. CURWEN M. P. CURWEN The Departments of Dermatology, Bacteriology and Statistics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 March 1962, Pages 86–90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13461.x Published: 01 March 1962
Effect of early reperfusion on use of triphenyltetrazolium chloride to differentiate viable from non-viable myocardium in area of risk
Authors: I. Freeman, A. M Grunwald, B. Robin, P S Rao, M. M Bodenheimer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE - The aim of the study was to assess the value of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining as an indicator of non-viable myocardium after early reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium. DESIGN - Left anterior descending artery occlusion was performed in pigs for various lengths of time and at two different sites (proximal and distal). After 120 min reperfusion, TTC was injected distal to the occlusion while the remainder of the myocardium was stained with Evans Blue. Myocardial enzymes were measured in non-ischaemic zone, regions of risk and in necrotic zones and related to staining characteristics. SUBJECTS - 31 male Hampshire pigs, weight 34-39 kg, were studied. Twelve were excluded because of resistant ventricular fibrillation or poorly defined areas of infarction. In the remaining 19 pigs, proximal occlusion was carried out in 15 and distal in four. Occlusion lasted for 15 min in six animals, for 30 min in eight (four of which were the animals with distal occlusions), and for 45 min in five. MEASUREMENTS and RESULTS - Biopsies from non-ischaemic zones, regions of risk and necrotic zones were analysed for creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. In the 15 min group, myocardial creatine kinase in the region of risk (red stained) was similar to the non-ischaemic (blue) zone, but in the 30 min distal occlusion group it was reduced. After 30 and 45 min of proximal occlusion, creatine kinase activity in the necrotic (white) zone was reduced compared to the red zone in the same group, and in the red zone of both groups it was reduced compared to the non-ischaemic area. CONCLUSIONS - The red zone, as defined by TTC staining, may be associated with significant creatine kinase depletion after relatively brief periods of occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. This suggests that the red region may be a heterogeneous area of dead and viable cells.
Transmission FTIR derivative spectroscopy for estimation of furosemide in raw material and tablet dosage form
Authors: Máximo Gallignani, Rebeca A. Rondón, José F. Ovalles, María R. Brunetto
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

A Fourier transform infrared derivative spectroscopy (FTIR-DS) method has been developed for determining furosemide (FUR) in pharmaceutical solid dosage form. The method involves the extraction of FUR from tablets with N,N-dimethylformamide by sonication and direct measurement in liquid phase mode using a reduced path length cell. In general, the spectra were measured in transmission mode and the equipment was configured to collect a spectrum at 4 cm(-1) resolution and a 13 s collection time (10 scans co-added). The spectra were collected between 1400 cm(-1) and 450 cm(-1). Derivative spectroscopy was used for data processing and quantitative measurement using the peak area of the second order spectrum of the major spectral band found at 1165 cm(-1) (SO2 stretching of FUR) with baseline correction. The method fulfilled most validation requirements in the 2 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL range, with a 0.9998 coefficient of determination obtained by simple calibration model, and a general coefficient of variation <2%. The mean recovery for the proposed assay method resulted within the (100±3)% over the 80%-120% range of the target concentration. The results agree with a pharmacopoeial method and, therefore, could be considered interchangeable.
Sodium Channels, Inherited Epilepsy, and Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: William A. Catterall
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2014)

Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in brain neurons, mutations in sodium channels cause inherited forms of epilepsy, and sodium channel blockers—along with other classes of drugs—are used in therapy of epilepsy. A mammalian voltage-gated sodium channel is a complex containing a large, pore-forming α subunit and one or two smaller β subunits. Extensive structure-function studies have revealed many aspects of the molecular basis for sodium channel structure, and X-ray crystallography of ancestral bacterial sodium channels has given insight into their three-dimensional structure. Mutations in sodium channel α and β subunits are responsible for genetic epilepsy syndromes with a wide range of severity, including generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), Dravet syndrome, and benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures. These seizure syndromes are treated with antiepileptic drugs that offer differing degrees of success. The recent advances in understanding of disease mechanisms and sodium channel structure promise to yield improved therapeutic approaches.
Seeking New Dimensions in International Health Research
Authors: Philip E. Schambra
Journal: JAMA (1990)

International cooperation in biomedical research stretches back to the origins of modern medicine. In the 17th century, the young English physician William Harvey traveled to Italy's University of Padua, then the world's leading medical research center.<sup>1</sup>There Harvey studied with the great Italian anatomist Fabricius, who believed that blood flowed out of the heart with each contraction, then reversed course to reenter the organ with each relaxation. Fabricius likened this motion to the flow and ebb of tides. Harvey puzzled over this hypothesis and, after returning to England, devised a series of inventive experiments to test a new concept. Building on the notions of Fabricius, he discovered that the heart functions as a pump that propels the blood in a circular pattern throughout the body. A consequence of this international communication between the eminent Italian and the junior Englishman was a new dimension in biomedical science. As we approach
National Health Insurance: Can We Learn From Canada?
Authors: Ronald Andersen
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<i>National Health Insurance</i>provides a useful single source of information on the Canadian experience with national health insurance, including its historical development, evaluation of its economic results, and an assessment of its effect on quality of care, supply and distribution of medical professionals, and professional trade unionism. Many of the issues discussed have particular relevance for the United States. For example, despite national health insurance, the movement of medical care prices, use, and expenditure is similar in the United States and Canada. In Canada, co-payments designed to reduce costs had little effect on utilization or costs. (Some participants believed that the Canadian experience was too limited to permit definite conclusions. I would concur.) Canadian officials have adopted a strategy to limit the future establishment of hospital beds as the best means of cost control. Fee schedules and peer review are relatively ineffective cost control mechanisms in a fee-for-service system because
P2-291: Results of a multicenter randomized phase II trial of two different combinations of docetaxel (D) and gemcitabine (G) and of cisplatin/gemcitabine (CG) followed by docetaxel as first line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Silvia Novello, Carmelo Tibaldi, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Lucio Crinó, Mario Nardi, Filippo De Marinis, Angelo Tinazzi, Francesca Russo, Simona Rossi, Massimo Rinaldi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Disposable tray for soaking membranes for Kiil dialysers.
Authors: F M Parsons, B Auty
Journal: BMJ (1971)

write: Transfer of the psoas muscle from the lesser to the greater trochanter is now a standard procedure in cer- tain paralytic disorders of the hip.The indications for the operation, originally for paralytic hip dislocation1 are now widening to include patients without dislocation but with muscular unbalance where the psoas is overactive or unop-
Colonoscopic screening of an average-risk population for colorectal neoplasia
Authors: B. Boursi, A. Halak, M. Umansky, L. Galzan, H. Guzner-Gur, N. Arber
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: The role of screening colonoscopy in an asymptomatic, average-risk population remains to be determined. Moreover, the value of screening colonoscopy in individuals older than 75 years and for right-sided lesions has recently been questioned. The aims were to assess: (i) the risk of colorectal neoplasia in a large consecutively screened asymptomatic average-risk population, aged 40 – 85 years; (ii) whether colonoscopy is better than sigmoidoscopy for primary screening; and (iii) the prevalence of right-sided lesions at different ages.