tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT FAILURES IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: T L BADGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1957)

Article1 October 1957TREATMENT FAILURES IN TUBERCULOSISTHEODORE L. BADGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.THEODORE L. BADGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-47-4-794 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAntituberculous drugs have given the treatment and control of tuberculosis a new look, but the glamour of combating a highly fatal disease is a thing of the past—rather, must we look upon our problem as the much less spectacular and more arduous prevention of a chronic relapsing infectious disease. The plunging death rate is only a red herring in the current epidemiology of tuberculosis. The decline in mortality is a modest expression of success in the conquest of tuberculosis over the years, with due credit to workers in the field, but with more than a slight compliment to Mother Nature...Bibliography1. New York State Hospital Reports, 1956. Google Scholar2. Bloomquist ET: The non-hospitalized tuberculous patient, presented before the Epidemiologic, Laboratory and Statistics Section, American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, November 18, 1955. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*From the Symposium on the Treatment of Tuberculosis, presented at the Thirty-eighth Annual Session of The American College of Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts, April 10, 1957.From the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Theodore L. Badger, M.D.264 Beacon Street, Boston 16, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUrsachen der Mißerfolge in der stationären Behandlung der offenen Lungentuberkulose Wege zu ihrer Beseitigung Vom Standpunkt des TuberkulosefürsorgearztesCHANGING CONCEPTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS. PART II 1 October 1957Volume 47, Issue 4Page: 794-800KeywordsDeath ratesDrug regulationDrugsEpidemiologyInfectious disease controlInfectious diseasesIsoniazidMortalityTuberculosis Issue Published: 1 October 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3912: Blood Transfusions Are Associated with Worse Outcomes Compared to No Transfusion in Patients with Similar Degrees of Anemia and Hematocrit Decline While Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Kent G Meredith, Heidi T May, Tami L Bair, Jeffrey L Anderson, Benjamin D Horne, Anwar Tandar, Robert R Pearson, Christopher R Tuttle, Joseph B Muhlestein
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Blood transfusions are common in anemic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the increased mortality associated with transfusion is well recognized. Whether the transfusio...
Effect of Needle Size on Pain Perception in Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections
Authors: Murad Alam, Amelia Geisler, Divya Sadhwani, Amita Goyal, Emily Poon, Michael Nodzenski, Matthew R. Schaeffer, Rebecca Tung, Kira Minkis
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Transcutaneous injection through smaller hollow-bore needles may decrease patient discomfort, but current evidence is equivocal.To compare injection discomfort in patients treated with botulinum toxin type A with 30- and 32-gauge needles.Split-face, patient- and injector-blinded randomized clinical trial at the dermatology service of an urban university medical center. The 20 participants were women aged 25 to 70 years in good health and with moderate dynamic forehead and glabellar wrinkles. Data were collected from November 20, 2013, through January 16, 2014. Follow-up was complete on January 16, 2014. Data from the per-protocol population were analyzed from July 1 to July 31, 2014.One side of each patient'sforehead received botulinum toxin type A in saline injected with a 32-gauge needle; the other side received the same treatment injected with a 30-gauge needle. In addition, each patient received randomized injections of saline only to both upper inner arms with the same types of needles.Primary outcomes included the patient-reported pain rating on a visual analog scale (VAS) on either side of the face and arms and the proportion of patients whose VAS ratings corresponded with more than moderate (ie, clinically significant) pain. The secondary outcome consisted of patient-reported information about the character of the pain at both sites using the expanded and revised version of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire.All 20 patients completed the study. Overall, facial and arm injections were nominally but not significantly more painful with 30-gauge needles (mean [SD] VAS ratings for the face, 4.16 [2.55] vs 3.41 [2.31], P = .34; for the arm, 1.66 [2.07] vs 1.21 [1.65], P = .45). For facial injections, the likelihood of clinically significant pain (VAS rating, ≥5.4) was significantly greater with 30-gauge needles, which were associated with such pain in 8 patients (40%) compared with the 32-gauge needles, which were associated with such pain in 3 patients (15%) (odds ratio, 3.80 [95% CI, 1.05-13.78]; P = .04). No difference was found in the character of pain associated with needle bore (P > .05 for all comparisons).For facial injections of neurotoxin in saline, 30-gauge needles were associated with greater incidence of clinically significant pain than 32-gauge needles. For patients prone to experience clinically significant pain with facial injections, use of 32-gauge needles may minimize this discomfort.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01981174.
Extracorporeal photopheresis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and graft-versus-host disease induces both immediate and progressive apoptotic processes
Authors: J. Bladon, P.C. Taylor
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy is used in the treatment of many T-cell-mediated conditions including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and graft-versus-host disease and involves the reinfusion of a patient's own white cells following exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A. ECP has been demonstrated to induce significant levels of apoptosis in treated lymphocytes. Previous work has highlighted the importance of mitochondria and the caspase cascade in the regulation and execution of apoptosis and, more recently, a functional role for CD10 has been proposed for apoptotic lymphoid cells in vivo.To determine the effect of ECP on phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, mitochondrial function, caspase activation and CD10 expression of treated lymphocytes.Lymphocytes were tested pre-ECP and at several stages post-ECP for changes to PS, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim), activated caspases and CD10 expression.Early apoptosis induced a disruption in DeltaPsim, while caspase activation was not observed until 24 h post-ECP. CD10 expression was very weak and "late" in the apoptotic process.The early induction of apoptosis by ECP involves mitochondrial dysfunction, while later apoptosis is associated with the activation of caspases. CD10 expression was very weak and "late", preceded by a strong PS exposure. These apoptotic processes, in vivo, would induce the immediate and progressive phagocytosis of the majority of ECP-treated lymphocytes within 48 h.
Abstract P336: Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose are Associated with Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: the ARIC Study
Authors: Laura R Loehr, Michelle Snyder, Elizabeth Selvin, Priya Palta, James Pankow, Michael Griswold, Gerardo Heiss, Lynne Wagenknecht
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) predicts cardiovascular disease and mortality. Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have been related to arterial stiffness in smaller studies. We assessed whether diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with greater arterial stiffness measured by PWV in older adults, and to evaluate gender as a modifier. Methods: PWV data on 5,147 men and women with mean age of 75.5 years (range 66-90) examined in 2011-2013 by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were analyzed. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose &gt;126 mg/dl or on hypoglycemic agents and IFG as non-diabetics with fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dl. Technicians measured carotid-femoral (cfPWV) and brachial-ankle (baPWV) velocities at least twice using the Omron VP-1000 plus system (Colin Co., Ltd., Komaki, Japan). The mean of the last two available measurements was used. The path length for cfPWV was calculated by: path length (cm) = carotid to femoral distance (cm) - (suprasternal notch - carotid distance (cm)). Path length for baPWV was automatically calculated using height-based formulas. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the cross-sectional association between diabetes status and PWV. The multivariable association of age categories with PWV was evaluated for comparison to the effect size of diabetes. Results: Participants were 57% female, 20% African-American, and 73% hypertensive. Among them 1,354 had diabetes (26%) and 2,295 (45%) had impaired fasting glucose. After adjustment for age, race-center, gender, heart rate, hypertension, BMI, and smoking status (current, former and never), cfPWV was 87 cm/s higher on average for those with diabetes, and 21 cm/s higher for those with IFG, as compared to those free of diabetes or IFG. In comparison, a 4 year increase in age (after multivariable adjustment) was associated with 64 cm/s higher cfPWV among non-smokers without diabetes. Estimates for baPWV were smaller than those for cfPWV but showed a similar pattern. There was no significant interaction by gender (P &gt;0.1). Conclusion: Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are both associated with arterial stiffness in older adults. We estimate that the magnitude of the cross-sectional effect of diabetes on arterial stiffness is equivalent to 4 years of arterial aging.
Controversies in Management: Computed tomography provides accurate diagnosis
Authors: J. M Wardlaw
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The term stroke describes a clinical event that can be due to several underlying conditions.Patients with stroke are investigated to help clinicians to separate strokes from non-strokes; distinguish cerebral haemor- rhage from cerebral infarction; and identify specific pathophysiological subtypes of cerebral infarction.This information aids decisions about treatment and helps determine prognosis.'Investigations are of clinical benefit only if they improve diagnostic accuracy beyond that which can be obtained from the history and examination of the patient.Computed tomography of the brain is the quickest, most practical method of diagnosing the cause of stroke.This is the twelfth in a series of articles examining some ofthe difficult decisions that aise in medicine
Partially Digested Adult Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Vitro
Authors: Corin Williams, Kelly Sullivan, Lauren D. Black
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Stimulating or maintaining the proliferative capacity of postnatal mammalian cardiomyocytes is a major challenge to cardiac regeneration. Previously, it is found that fetal cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote neonatal rat cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro better than neonatal or adult ECM. It is hypothesized that partial digestion of adult ECM (PD‐ECM) would liberate less crosslinked components that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation, similar to fetal ECM. Neonatal rat cardiac cells are seeded onto substrates coated with adult rat cardiac ECM that has been solubilized in pepsin‐HCl for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Cardiomyocyte proliferation and fold‐change in numbers from 1 to 5 d are highest on 1 and 3 h PD‐ECM compared to other conditions. Sarcomeres tend to mature on 24 and 48 h PD‐ECM where low proliferation is observed. 3 h PD‐ECM is primarily composed of Fibrillin‐1, Fibrinogen, and Laminins while 48 h PD‐ECM is dominated by Collagen I. Our results suggest that adult ECM retains regenerative cues that may be masked by more abundant, mature ECM components. PD‐ECM provides a simple yet powerful approach to promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation.
News
Authors: Tim Marshall, Peter Moodie
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Scientific misconductMany people might conclude that scientific misconduct is a problem confined to the United States.It is not.At least five cases are documented in Britain, and my own (incomplete and non-systematic) studies have uncovered at least another 40 unreported ones.In Australia another five are on the record, while the current allegations against Dr William McBride, who is accused of falsifying data in a study of Debendox, show how difficult it is to conduct investigations in a non-academic setting.So the September Washington workshop on responsible medical research has implications far wider than might have been thought.
Indoor allergen levels in Guangzhou city, southern China
Authors: C. Zhang, B. Gjesing, X. Lai, J. Li, M. D. Spangfort, N. Zhong
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Zhang C, Gjesing B, Lai X, Li J, Spangfort MD, Zhong N. Indoor allergen levels in Guangzhou city, southern China. Allergy 2011; 66: 186–191. Background: High levels of sensitization to house dust mites have been observed in Chinese allergic patients. This study has measured levels and distributions of mite and cockroach allergens in household dust in Guangzhou. Influences of home characteristics and seasonal changes on allergen levels were also investigated. Methods: Dust samples were collected from bedding and living room from households in Guangzhou. Major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae, D. microceras, Blomia tropicalis and cockroach allergens were measured by ELISA. Home characteristics were obtained from a questionnaire. Results: Four hundred and four dust samples were collected from 107 homes during October 2006 to November 2007. House dust mite allergen levels were detectable in 99% of the bedding samples. Der f 1 levels were significantly higher than Der p 1 levels. High levels of mite allergens (>10 μg/g) were observed in 88% of all the bedding samples. Cockroach allergens were detected in 93% of households and were higher in living room samples than in bedding samples. Blo t 5 and Der m 1 could not be detected in the dust samples. Having fabric furniture was a predictor of high allergen levels. Der f 1 levels were higher in summer time than in winter time. Cockroach allergens were higher in winter time than in summer time. Conclusion: In Guangzhou, Der f 1 is the predominant mite allergen in dust with very high levels in bedding. Cockroach allergens are also common.
Potentiation of the Tumor-Specific Immune Response by Corynebacterium parvum 2
Authors: Martin T. Scott
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Strong, specific, cell-mediated antitumor immunity resulted from the sc injection into mice of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) mixed with irradiated cells from mastocytoma P815 (MA), whereas injection of irradiated MA alone was without effect. Maximum immunity was achieved with small doses of CP, and the injection sites of CP and irradiated MA did not need to be coincident but required common lymphoid drainage for immunity to result. The process was largely T-cell dependent but not dependent on the development of a specific immune response to CP; it was also demonstrable and effective in a therapy situation. No such immunity was evident after systemic administration of CP and irradiated MA. Simultaneous systemic injection of CP and irradiated MA did, however, nonspecifically reduce the enhancing effect of systemic injection of irradiated MA alone.
Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: David A Talan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

the editorialist replies: In their letter, Drs.Lebwohl and Green reiterate the controversial implications of undiagnosed asymptomatic celiac disease that I raised in my editorial.A rigorous review of the evidence-based literature on this issue would confirm that the question of whether it is appropriate to identify clinically silent cases of celiac disease as a preventive form of intervention for negative clinical outcomes is far from settled.Theoretically, only prospective clinical studies (which are ethically inconceivable) could establish in a convincing fashion the possible complications of untreated celiac disease in the absence of symptoms.It is for this very reason that I strongly support the concept of a systemic process of case finding, 1 in which patients with symptoms or conditions known to be associated with celiac disease are specifically identified. 2 This approach is associated with high levels of compliance with treatment, 3 is a terrific vehicle for educating health care professionals, is cost effective, and will probably pave the way for more sensitive and specific algorithms for the diagnosis of celiac disease.
An automated algorithm to quantify neural respiratory drive in acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Eui-Sik Suh, Fiammetta Fedele, Vincenzo Galgano, Michelle Ramsay, Swapna Mandal, Terry Parlett, Andrew Coleman, Patrick Murphy, John Moxham, Nicholas Hart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD), obtained from parasternal muscle electromyography (pEMG), is a useful physiological biomarker of clinical deterioration and readmission risk in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) (Murphy et al, Thorax 2012). However, manual analysis of pEMG traces is time-consuming. We aimed to validate a novel automated algorithm for rapid quantification of NRD from pEMG signals.

Methods: pEMG was performed daily in AECOPD patients during hospital admission. An automated algorithm was developed in MatLab (MathWorks, MA, USA) to exclude ECG artefact and output the mean inspiratory pEMG activity in 1 minute (autoEMGpara,). Manual and automated analyses of pEMG signals were compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm to detect changes in NRD between consecutive readings was analysed.

Results: 91 pEMG traces were analysed in 20 AECOPD patients (age 69±12years, %predicted FEV1 30±9), yielding 71 data pairs. The ICC between manual EMGpara and autoEMGpara was 0.81, p<0.001. The automated algorithm had a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 90% to detect increases in NRD (figure 1).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: The agreement between the automated and manual analyses of pEMG traces is sufficient to have clinical utility. Automated analysis will allow NRD to be used as a physiological biomarker in a clinical setting to predict outcome in AECOPD.

 [1]: pending:yes
Abstract 17953: A Novel Biodegradable Cardiac Support Device for Treating Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in Canine Heart
Authors: Mutsunori Kitahara, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Akima Harada, Atsuhiro Saito, Takayoshi Ueno, Koichi Toda, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The non-biodegradable material-made “Corecap” type cardiac support device reportedly reduces diastolic wall stress and consequently improves systolic cardiac function. However, the efficacy was inconsistent in the clinical studies possibly due to device-related impairment of diastolic cardiac function. We herein hypothesized that use of biodegradable material for the cardiac support device may contribute to improvement in both systolic and diastolic function of the failing heart. Methods: Polyglycolic acid and Polyethyleneterephtalate were used to prepare biodegradable (n=6) and non-biodegradable (n=5) cardiac support device, respectively. Both cardiac support devices were structurally designed to cover the entire ventricles of the 12-month-aged Beagle canine heart that was subjected to anterior coronary artery ligation at 1 week prior to the implantation. Sham operation was performed in coronary artery-ligated canines for control (n=7). Results: At 12 weeks after coronary artery ligation, the biodegradable group showed a greater recovery of ejection fraction than the non-biodegradable and the control group (39 ± 4% vs. 31 ± 4% vs. 30± 3, respectively, P &lt;0.05), assessed by multi-detector computed tomography. Echocardiographically, diastolic function evaluated by Doppler-derived mitral deceleration time at 12 weeks was significantly greater in the biodegradable group (108 ± 18 msec) than the non-biogradable group (70 ± 13 msec, P&lt;0.05). Thickness of connective tissues around the epicardium was significantly less in the biodegradable groups than the non-biodegradable group at 12 weeks. Histologically, fibrosis in the infarct area was significantly less in the treatment groups than the control group. Conclusions: Implantation of cardiac support device made of biodegradable material was effective in improvement of both systolic and diastolic function of the canine infarct heart for 12 weeks, compared with that of non-biodegradable material, warranting clinical studies using biodegradable cardiac support device.
Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth<i>Hymenolepis diminuta</i>
Authors: Erin A McKenney, Lauren Williamson, Anne D Yoder, John F Rawls, Staci D Bilbo, William Parker
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

The microbiome is now widely recognized as being important in health and disease, and makes up a substantial subset of the biome within the ecosystem of the vertebrate body. At the same time, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms such as helminths are being recognized as an important component of the biome that shaped the evolution of our genes. The absence of these macroscopic organisms during the early development and life of humans in Western culture probably leads to a wide range of human immunological diseases. However, the interaction between the microbiome and macroscopic components of the biome remains poorly characterized. In this study, the microbiome of the cecum in rats colonized for 2 generations with the small intestinal helminth Hymenolepis diminuta was evaluated. The introduction of this benign helminth, which is of considerable therapeutic interest, led to several changes in the cecal microbiome. Most of the changes were within the Firmicutes phylum, involved about 20% of the total bacteria, and generally entailed a shift from Bacilli to Clostridia species in the presence of the helminth. The results point toward ecological relationships between various components of the biome, with the observed shifts in the microbiome suggesting potential mechanisms by which this helminth might exert therapeutic effects.