tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) in liver transplant (OLT) recipients
Authors: Pietro Andreone, Stefania Lorenzini, Annagiulia Gramenzi, Damiano Rondelli, Cristina Morelli, Gian Luca Grazi, Carmela Cursaro, Maurizio Biselli, Federica Porzio, Sante Tura, Michele Baccarani, Antonino Cavallari, Mauro Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
FDG Uptake in Unilateral Breast Related to Breastfeeding Practice in a Patient of Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Amit Abhyankar, Jyotsna Joshi, Sandip Basu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Unusual FDG uptake in unilateral breast on FDG PET study in a 32-year-old lactating woman with recent diagnosis of left upper lobe hydatid cyst is described. The FDG PET study demonstrated uptake in the periphery of the lesion corresponding to the hydatid cyst. In addition, there was an unusually intense FDG tracer uptake in the right breast. She was questioned about her breastfeeding practice in view of the unilateral uptake, and she gave a history of feeding her child from the right breast only. This case gives insight into the fact that there is differential glucose transporter activity in lactating women related to breastfeeding practice as evidenced by unilateral FDG uptake in breast.
Control of poliomyelitis by pulse immunisation in Vellore, India.
Authors: T J John, R Pandian, A Gadomski, M Steinhoff, M John, M Ray
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a simple study into the control of polio in the Third World a town was divided into 16 zones and pulses or oral polio vaccine given at one station in each zone, after extensive publicity about the campaign. Some 62% of children received three doses of the vaccine and the incidence of polio fell dramatically over the study period. It is suggested that this method is applicable to similar communities because it is cheap, effective, and able to be extended to unimmunised communities when resources allow.
Cigarette smoking and human papillomavirus in patients with reported cervical cytological abnormality.
Authors: M P Burger, H Hollema, A S Gouw, W J Pieters, W G Quint
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relation between two risk factors for cervical neoplasia: smoking and infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus. It has been suggested that smoking causes a local immunological defect, which could facilitate the infection and persistence of human papillomavirus. DESIGN--Cross sectional epidemiological study. Completion of a structured questionnaire by the patients, analysis of cervical scrapes for human papillomavirus, and morphological examination of biopsy specimens. SETTING--Outpatient gynaecological clinic. SUBJECTS--181 women with a report of cervical cytological abnormality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus and smoking habits. RESULTS--Oncogenic human papillomavirus was found in the cervix of 26 (41%) of the 63 women who did not smoke, 22 (58%) of the 38 who smoked 1-10 cigarettes a day, 28 (61%) of the 46 who smoked 11-20 cigarettes a day, and 26 (76%) of the 34 who smoked &gt; or = 21 cigarettes a day. The prevalence of the virus thus increased in accordance with the number of cigarettes smoked (p = 0.001). This relation remained after adjustment for age at first intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners. Of the 63 non-smokers, 23 had previously smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day at some time. Of these 23 women, 14 (61%) had oncogenic human papillomavirus in their cervix. Of the 40 women who had never smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day, 12 (30%) had the virus. The prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in non-smokers therefore depended on previous smoking habits (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION--The dose dependent effect of cigarette smoking on the occurrence of oncogenic human papillomavirus favours a causal relation between these risk factors for cervical neoplasia.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Shedding in Semen
Authors: Paulo F. Barroso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: The effect of antiretroviral therapy on seminal HIV shedding in the community remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy on HIV shedding in semen. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients: 93 HIV-infected men. Intervention: Antiretroviral therapy as prescribed by each patient's physician. Measurement: HIV RNA in semen and blood plasma before and after introduction of therapy. Results: At baseline, HIV RNA was detected in 69 semen samples (74%) and 89 blood samples (96%). Six months after introduction of therapy, HIV RNA was detected in 29 semen samples (33%) and 33 blood samples (38%). The mean reduction in levels of HIV RNA in semen at 6 months was 1.65 log10 units. Conclusions: Antiretroviral therapy reduces shedding of HIV in semen, which probably in turn reduces HIV transmissibility. However, a substantial proportion of patients may still be infectious and may have drug-resistant strains of the virus.
Determination of the Blood Groups of Dried Blood Stains
Authors: William C. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DETERMINATION OF THE BLOOD GROUPS OF DRIED BLOOD STAINSThe antigens A and B, which determine the classic blood groups, are relatively stable substances. Therefore, it is possible to determine their presence in dried blood stains and thus indirectly to determine the group of blood that produced the stain. The principle of this technic is as follows:One allows a mixture of anti-A and anti-B reagent to react with the stain. The quantities of agglutinins in the reagent are carefully adjusted so that a stain that contains only a small amount of A, for example, will remove all the anti-A. . . .
Physiology of the Retina and the Visual Pathway
Authors: Charles A. Bahn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Light energy is transformed into sight energy largely by complex enzymatic reactions primarily involving the retinal receptors, a group of bio-chemicals, and a complex coding mechanism in the visual pathways and centers. Three dimensional light waves ranging from about 550 to 750 μ in length, with a speed of 186,000 miles per second, after passing through the transparent ocular media strike the posterior retinal layers where they are transformed into sight energy, basically a form of electric energy having a much slower speed. These electrical waves which are potentially information, are coded in the: occipital visual, motor, and association centers; the frontal sensory and motor centers; external geniculate; anterior quadrigemina; pons; and ganglia. These are connected by nerve fibers which are essentially electric wires. Especially the technical phases are clearly and thoroughly discussed by the author.  In retinal photochemistry the principle known enzymes are cholinesterase, lactodehydrogenase, and chymotrypsin. The chemicals
Scientists respond to UK business secretary's warning of cuts in research funding
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A speech on science, research, and innovation given on 8 September at Queen Mary, University of London, by the UK business secretary, Vince Cable, has prompted a flurry of worried responses from scientists and their representative bodies.

The context of Mr Cable’s speech was the much trailed round of forthcoming cuts in government spending. The speech itself was part hymn of praise for the achievements of British science, part warning. Its theme: can we achieve more with less?

Having begun by declaring that “my colleagues, including at the Treasury, value the contribution of UK science,” Mr Cable went on to rehearse the familiar reasons for protecting science from the economic scythe.

“Scientific inquiry,” he said, “like the arts, …
The nitrovasodilators. New ideas about old drugs.
Authors: D G Harrison, J N Bates
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The nitrovasodilators are a diverse group of pharmacological agents that produce vascular relaxation by releasing nitric oxide. The mechanisms by which these compounds release nitric oxide vary, depending on their chemical structure. Compounds with lower oxidation states of nitrogen such as nitroprusside, nitrosamines, and nitrosothiols release nitric oxide nonenzymatically. In the case of nitroprusside, this involves a one-electron reduction that may occur upon exposure to a variety of reducing agents and tissues such as vascular smooth muscle membranes. In the case of the organic nitrates, which have higher oxidation states of nitrogen, the release of nitric oxide in vascular tissue occurs predominantly by a poorly understood enzymatic process. This interesting property of nitroglycerin is important because it "targets" its effect to vascular tissues that are capable of this enzymatic process. In the case of the coronary circulation, nitroglycerin predominantly dilates the larger coronary arteries while having a minimal effect on coronary resistance vessels &lt; 100 microns in diameter. This prevents the development of coronary steal, which is often encountered with agents that produce intense vasodilation of the coronary resistance vessels. In this review, the mechanisms by which the nitrovasodilators (particularly nitroglycerin) release nitric oxide will be considered, and recent studies of nitroglycerin bioconversion in various-sized coronary vessels will be discussed in detail.
Role of Histamine in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in the Rat
Authors: ANTON HOUGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Pharmacological agents that block or potentiate the effects of naturally occurring vasoactive substances were used to try to determine which substance, if any, mediates the vasoconstrictor response to acute alveolar hypoxia in isolated rat lungs. Isolated and ventilated lungs of rats were perfused at 37°C with homologous blood at constant-volume, pulsatile inflow, and pressor responses to brief periods of ventilation hypoxia (2% O 2 ) were recorded (control, 21% O 2 ). Antihistamines of four different chemical classes in concentrations of 70 to 140 µg/ml abolished all pressor responses to alveolar hypoxia without interfering with the effects of injected bradykinin, ATP, or serotonin. A histaminase-inhibiting compound, semicarbazide, potentiated the hypoxic pressor response. The hypoxic pressor response could not be abolished by α-receptor-, serotonin-, or ATP-blocking agents. The results suggest that endogenous histamine in the lung is involved in the vasoconstrictor response to acute alveolar hypoxia.
Disulfiram Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Mitch Cardwell
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The authors of the article entitled Disulfiram Treatment of  1 need to address the conceptual errors that were made in the study. The report shows that the authors had no concept of alcoholism as a disease. Alcoholism is now recognized as a physical, chemical, and emotional disease with its own distinct pathology. 2 Without consideration of this concept, accurate selection of alcoholic patients for study of a chemical treatment is impossible. In addition, these researchers did not want to use patients who exhibited any signs of compulsive, destructive behavior. Since alcoholism is commonly defined as a progressive, compulsive, destructive disease, 3 I cannot see how they had any patients at all. I can only feel the patients were chosen with a great deal of ambiguity.  The researchers also made methodological mistakes. Scheduling urinary analyses allowed the patients too much time to eliminate alcohol from the body,
PRIMARY THROMBOSIS OF THE AXILLARY VEIN
Authors: Bayard T. Horton
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Thrombosis may occur in any part of the vascular system but is most frequently encountered in the pelvic veins and in the veins of the lower extremities. It occurs during the course of the puerperium and in the convalescent period following abdominal operations. There is usually a systemic elevation of temperature of from 1 to 3 degrees fahrenheit associated with local pain and tenderness along the course of the vein involved, followed by swelling and cyanosis of the extremity involved. Thrombosis is much less common in the upper extremities, and primary thrombosis of the axillary vein is relatively rare. Cadenat,1in 1920, and Lohr,2in 1929, both give Schrotter credit for first describing this clinical syndrome in 1884. Cadenat reviewed twenty-four cases from the literature. The right arm was involved in twenty-one cases and the left arm in three. More than fifty cases have been reported. Gould and
UVA-induced melanocytic lesions
Authors: S.K. JONES, H. MOSELEY, RONA M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article UVA‐induced melanocytic lesions Get access S.K. JONES, S.K. JONES University Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. MOSELEY, H. MOSELEY Department of Clinical Physics, Greater Glasgow Health Board, 11 West Graham Street, Glasgow, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RONA M. MACKIE RONA M. MACKIE University Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K. Professor R.M.MacKie, Department of Dermatology, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 1, 1 July 1987, Pages 111–115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04099.x Published: 01 July 1987
A BETR way to track toxic pollutants.
Authors: Richard Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Why are chemicals that have been banned for over a decade still being detected in the environment? How is it that chemicals and other pollutants such as particulate matter turn up hundreds or even thousands of miles from their sources? These are just two of the questions that a team of American and Canadian scientists hope will be answered using a model they have developed to track pollutants across North America. In the short term, the model's developers are concentrating on using it to assess rates of exposure from food sources, but they hope to expand the model to include global data, a step they hope will help policy makers better understand the consequences of pollution.
Radiation Dose From Cardiac Computed Tomography Before and After Implementation of Radiation Dose–Reduction Techniques
Authors: Gilbert L. Raff
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can accurately diagnose coronary artery disease, but radiation dose from this procedure is of concern.To determine whether a collaborative radiation dose-reduction program would be associated with reduced radiation dose in patients undergoing CCTA in a statewide registry over a 1-year period and to define its effect on image quality.A prospective, controlled, nonrandomized study conducted during a control period (July-August 2007), an intervention period (September 2007-April 2008), and a follow-up period (May-June 2008) at 15 hospital imaging centers participating in the Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Consortium in Michigan, which included small community hospitals and large academic medical centers. A total of 4995 sequential patients undergoing CCTA for suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled; 4862 patients (97.3%) had complete radiation data for analysis.A best-practice CCTA scan model was used, which included minimized scan range, heart rate reduction, electrocardiographic-gated tube current modulation, and reduced tube voltage in suitable patients.Primary outcomes included dose-length product and effective radiation dose from all phases of the CCTA scan. Secondary outcomes were image quality assessed by a 4-point scale (1 indicated excellent; 2, good; 3, adequate; and 4, nondiagnostic) and frequency of diagnostic-quality scans.Compared with the control period, patients' estimated median radiation dose in the follow-up period was reduced by 53.3% (dose-length product decreased from 1493 mGy x cm [interquartile range {IQR}, 855-1823 mGy x cm] to 697 mGy x cm [IQR, 407-1163 mGy x cm]; P < .001) and effective dose from 21 mSv (IQR, 12-26 mSv) to 10 mSv (IQR, 6-16 mSv) (P < .001). The greatest reduction in dose occurred at low-volume sites. There were no significant changes in median image quality assessment during the control period compared with the follow-up period (median image quality of 2 [images rated as good] vs median image quality of 2; P = .13) or frequency of diagnostic-quality scans (554/620 patients [89%] vs 769/835 patients [92%]; P = .07).Consistent application of currently available dose-reduction techniques was associated with a marked reduction in estimated radiation doses in a statewide CCTA registry, without impairment of image quality.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00640068.
Immunologic differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from hyperparathyroidism due to nonparathyroid cancer
Authors: B. Lawrence Riggs, Claude D. Arnaud, James C. Reynolds, Lynwood H. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 54 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in 18 consecutive patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism due to nonparathyroid cancer without apparent skeletal metastasis. Although serum calcium concentration was higher in the group with ectopic hyperparathyroidism, serum IPTH was lower (rank sum test, P < 0.001) and was undetectable in eight. A second anti-PTH antiserum also differentiated between IPTH in the two groups, although IPTH was undetectable in only 1 of 14 sera. When IPTH values in serial dilutions were plotted, slopes for the two patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism who had relatively high IPTH were less (P < 0.001) than slopes for standard hyperparathyroid sera. By using differences in either IPTH rank or slope of the dilutional curve of sera, primary hyperparathyroidism could be excluded as a cause of the hypercalcemia in 16 of the 18 patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism. The data are interpreted as indicating that PTH-like material in the serum of these patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism is immunologically different from the PTH in the serum of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Her Daughter in My Office
Authors: Andrew N. Wilner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Ad Libitum15 June 1992Her Daughter in My OfficeAndrew N. Wilner, MDAndrew N. Wilner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-12-1031_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHow plump she was, thick with that extra chromosome! Such large eyes made me wonder was it really true? And coffee-colored skin I had never seen before in a Down's patient. So astute she was, pointing knowingly to my diploma! So smart, this child of thirty-three, or did I expect so little? Her smile engaged me and for a second I forgot her problem. So loving she was! Could I be sure she was an accident? Or by chance conceived too late? Her aging mother's unfortunate gift, yet the two of them together seemed natural, as if it were meant... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1031-1031KeywordsAgingChromosomes Issue Published: 15 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Detection of the Sickle Gene in the Human Fetus
Authors: Yuet Wai Kan, Andrée M. Dozy, Blanche P. Alter, Fredric D. Frigoletto, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract A method for detection of the types of globin chains synthesized by first-trimester fetuses has been established with umbilical-cord blood derived from fetuses removed at hysterotomy. The ...
Babies by Means of in Vitro Fertilization: Unethical Experiments on the Unborn?
Authors: Leon R. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The coming technologies of human reproduction pose many difficult and important ethical and social problems. A major question concerns the propriety of perfecting these technologies by experiments on the unborn and the unconceived. Because the new procedures for in vitro fertilization and laboratory culture of human embryos probably carry a serious risk of damage to any child so generated, there appears to be no ethical way to proceed. One cannot ethically choose for a child the unknown hazards that he must face, and simultaneously choose to give him life in which to face them. Also, one must be careful to avoid exploiting the desires and hopes of childless couples. The medical and scientific communities ought to assume the major responsibility for scrutinizing and regulating the human use of new technologies emerging from research into human reproduction.
Resuscitation needed for the curriculum?
Authors: J. Cox, J. Gosnold
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Health disparities were often overlooked during the emerging epidemic. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study examined geographic differences in the rates of health care use and deaths among elderly patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Based on individual patient records, multivariate Poisson and logistic models were used to calculate adjusted incidences of COVID-19 and probabilities of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and deaths. <h3>Results</h3> Of 8,203 elderly patients, 11% died. Elderly people living in small metropolitan areas were half as likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19. Elderly female patients living in small metropolitan areas had much lower rates of ED visits (23% vs. 34%; Odds Ratio (OR): 0.58; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.81; p=0.002) and hospitalizations (22% vs. 31%; OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44 - 0.87; p=0.006) than those living in large metropolitan areas. Furthermore, those living in non-metropolitan areas were more likely to be hospitalized than those living in large metropolitan areas (44% vs. 33%; OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07-1.99; p=0.016), especially among elderly men (51% vs. 35%; OR:1.86; 95%CI: 1.18-2.93; p=0.008). Finally, there was a significant linear trend in hospitalization rates among elderly male patients (p for trend = 0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Profound health disparities exist in the time of emerging epidemic.
Ovarian neoplasms in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Authors: R H Alison, K T Morgan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) classification system for rat and mouse ovarian tumors is presented. The classification system is based on previous classification systems and on a review of all the primary ovarian tumors from the archives of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Programs. The relative frequency and principal diagnostic features of 204 ovarian tumors from 39,851 female F344 rats and 587 ovarian tumors from 41,102 female B6C3F1 mice are described. The most frequently observed neoplasms in F344 rats were malignant granulosa cell tumors (29% of primary rat ovarian neoplasms observed), benign undifferentiated sex cord-stromal tumors (26%), benign granulosa cell tumors (16%), and benign Sertoli cell tumors (7%). The most frequent neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice were cystadenomas (24%), tubulostromal adenomas (24%), benign granulosa cell tumors (21%), and benign teratomas (8%).