tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Inhaled Fine Particulate Air Pollution–Induced Arterial Blood Pressure Changes
Authors: Carlo R. Bartoli, Gregory A. Wellenius, Edgar A. Diaz, Joy Lawrence, Brent A. Coull, Ichiro Akiyama, Lani M. Lee, Kazunori Okabe, Richard L. Verrier, John J. Godleski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Epidemiologic studies suggest a positive association between fine particulate matter and arterial blood pressure, but the results have been inconsistent.We investigated the effect of ambient particles on systemic hemodynamics during a 5-hr exposure to concentrated ambient air particles (CAPs) or filtered air (FA) in conscious canines.Thirteen dogs were repeatedly exposed via permanent tracheostomy to CAPs (358.1+/-306.7 microg/m3, mean+/-SD) or FA in a crossover protocol (55 CAPs days, 63 FA days). Femoral artery blood pressure was monitored continuously via implanted telemetry devices. We measured baroreceptor reflex sensitivity before and after exposure in a subset of these experiments (n=10 dogs, 19 CAPs days, 20 FA days). In additional experiments, we administered alpha-adrenergic blockade before exposure (n=8 dogs, 16 CAPs days, 15 FA days). Blood pressure, heart rate, rate-pressure product, and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity responses were compared using linear mixed-effects models.CAPs exposure increased systolic blood pressure (2.7+/-1.0 mmHg, p=0.006), diastolic blood pressure (4.1+/-0.8 mmHg; p<0.001), mean arterial pressure (3.7+/-0.8 mmHg; p<0.001), heart rate (1.6+/-0.5 bpm; p<0.001), and rate-pressure product (539+/-110 bpm x mmHg; p<0.001), and decreased pulse pressure (-1.7+/-0.7 mmHg, p=0.02). These changes were accompanied by a 20+/-6 msec/mmHg (p=0.005) increase in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity after CAPs versus FA. After alpha-adrenergic blockade, responses to CAPs and FA no longer differed significantly.Controlled exposure to ambient particles elevates arterial blood pressure. Increased peripheral vascular resistance may mediate these changes, whereas increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity may compensate for particle-induced alterations in blood pressure.
Optical Coherence Tomography to Identify Intramucosal Carcinoma and High-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: John A. Evans, John M. Poneros, Brett E. Bouma, Jason Bressner, Elkan F. Halpern, Milen Shishkov, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Mari Mino–Kenudson, Norman S. Nishioka, Guillermo J. Tearney
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Erratum to “In vivo gene therapy of type I diabetic mellitus using a cationic emulsion containing an Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) based plasmid vector” [Journal of Controlled Release 112 (2006)139-144]
Authors: Hyuk Sang Yoo, Osam Mazda, Hyeon Yong Lee, Jin Chul Kim, Seok Min Kwon, Jung Em Lee, Ick Chan Kwon, Hesson Jeong, Yu Seok Jeong, Seo Young Jeong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
[793] COMBINATION OF TWO HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS, SCH 503034 AND NM107, PROVIDES ENHANCED ANTI-REPLICON ACTIVITY AND SUPPRESSES EMERGENCE OF RESISTANT REPLICONS
Authors: R. Ralston, V. Bichko, R. Chase, M. LaColla, L. Lallos, A. Skelton, M. Soubasakos, M. Tausek, X. Tong, D. Standring
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Abstract A39: An oncogenomics-based <i>in vivo</i> cDNA screen pinpoints coamplified <i>Ccnd1</i> and <i>Fgf19</i> as therapeutic targets for liver cancer
Authors: Eric T. Sawey, Chunlin Cai, Amy Bakleh, Qing Liu, Scott W. Lowe, Scott Powers
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Human cancer genome profiling is becoming increasingly effective at revealing novel recurrent genomic aberrations, but it remains challenging to identify the underlying driver genes. Here we describe an oncogenomic cDNA screen used to identify genes involved in liver tumorigenesis. Using array CGH analysis, we first identified recurrent focal amplicons present in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Next, we assayed their tumorigenic potential by introducing pools of cDNAs corresponding to genes found in focal amplicons into sensitized liver progenitor cells. We identified 18 genes that promote tumor formation, including known oncogene Ccnd1 and co-amplified Fgf19, which we show cooperate during tumorigenesis. These two closely linked genes are co-amplified and co-overexpressed in 15% of human HCC. Knockdown of either Ccnd1 or Fgf19 inhibited colony formation of amplified human HCC cell lines and inhibited tumorigenicity. Knockdown in non-amplified human cell lines was without phenotypic effect. Downstream analysis revealed that FGF-19 leads to the activation of β-catenin and increased levels of CyclinD1. These results show that gene amplification predicts response to both Ccnd1 and Fgf19 inhibition, and that oncogenomic cDNA screens are an effective new tool to identify therapeutic strategies that are directly linked to cancer genotypes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A39.
Guatemala study researchers tried to keep information secret, new report shows
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues has released its report on the study of the effectiveness of antibiotics in Guatemala in the 1940s and 1950s in which about 1300 people were deliberately infected with sexually transmitted diseases.

President Barack Obama, the secretary of health and human services, Kathleen Sebelius, and the secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, apologised to the president of Guatemala after the experiments were discovered last year by Susan Reverby, an historian at Wellesley College, Massachusetts ( BMJ 2010;341:c5494, doi:10.1136/bmj.c5494).

The Guatemala study’s protocol was approved by the US attorney general, the US surgeon general, military medical officials, and an array of high ranking doctors and medical school experts. However, the investigators marked …
Improvement of Repolarization Abnormalities by a K <sup>+</sup> Channel Opener in the LQT1 Form of Congenital Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Wataru Shimizu, Takashi Kurita, Kiyotaka Matsuo, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Katsuro Shimomura
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —This study used monophasic action potential (MAP) to examine the effect of nicorandil, a K + channel opener, on repolarization abnormalities induced by epinephrine in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome in which the KvLQT1 mutation underlies the defect in the channel responsible for the slowly activating component of the delayed rectifier potassium current. Methods and Results —MAPs were recorded simultaneously from two or three sites on the right ventricular and left ventricular endocardium in 6 patients with a congenital form of LQT1 syndrome with KvLQT1 defect (17 sites) and 8 control patients (24 sites). In LQT1 patients, epinephrine infusion prolonged the QT interval and 90% MAP duration (MAPD 90 ) and increased the dispersion of MAPD 90 . Epinephrine also induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) as well as ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) in 2 of the 6 patients. Nicorandil during epinephrine infusion abbreviated the QT interval and MAPD 90 , decreased the dispersion of MAPD 90 , and abolished the EADs as well as the VPCs in 1 patient. Addition of propranolol completely reversed the effect of epinephrine in prolonging the QT interval and MAPD 90 and increasing the dispersion and eliminated the EADs and VPCs in another patient. In control patients, the effect of epinephrine and that of additional nicorandil and propranolol on repolarization parameters were much less than in the LQT1 patients. Conclusions —Our results suggest that nicorandil, a K + channel opener, improves repolarization abnormalities in the LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome with KvLQT1 defect.
IDIOPATHIC ATROPHY OF THE SKIN WITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: H. G. IRVINE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Buchwald<sup>1</sup>in his work of 1883 was the first to describe an authentic case of idiopathic atrophy of the skin. Previously described cases were either secondary to some other disease or were scleroderma. Kaposi<sup>2</sup>in 1897 was the first to suggest that these cases were not primarily an atrophy but rather a dermatitis passing into atrophy. Herxheimer and Hartmann<sup>3</sup>in 1902 were the first, however, to use a title suggestive of this dermatitis. They published their observations on twelve cases under the title of "Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans." In a monograph published in 1910, Finger and Oppenheim,<sup>4</sup>after an exhaustive study of all cases found in the literature as well as those seen by themselves, suggested a classification and nomenclature which if followed should serve to clear away the confusion at present found in the literature on skin atrophies. English literature is especially weak on this subject,
Minimally Invasive Approach to the Repair of Injured Skeletal Muscle With a Shape-memory Scaffold
Authors: Lin Wang, Lan Cao, Janet Shansky, Zheng Wang, David Mooney, Herman Vandenburgh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Repair of injured skeletal muscle by cell therapies has been limited by poor survival of injected cells. Use of a carrier scaffold delivering cells locally, may enhance in vivo cell survival, and promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Biomaterial scaffolds are often implanted into muscle tissue through invasive surgeries, which can result in trauma that delays healing. Minimally invasive approaches to scaffold implantation are thought to minimize these adverse effects. This hypothesis was addressed in the context of a severe mouse skeletal muscle injury model. A degradable, shape-memory alginate scaffold that was highly porous and compressible was delivered by minimally invasive surgical techniques to injured tibialis anterior muscle. The scaffold controlled was quickly rehydrated in situ with autologous myoblasts and growth factors (either insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) alone or IGF-1 with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)). The implanted scaffolds delivering myoblasts and IGF-1 significantly reduced scar formation, enhanced cell engraftment, and improved muscle contractile function. The addition of VEGF to the scaffold further improved functional recovery likely through increased angiogenesis. Thus, the delivery of myoblasts and dual local release of VEGF and IGF-1 from degradable scaffolds implanted through a minimally invasive procedure effectively promoted the functional regeneration of injured skeletal muscle.
Task Force on Behavioral Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and Disease
Authors: Claude Lenfant
Journal: Circulation (1998)

has a longstanding appreciation of the value of behavioral research.From the earliest days, when the concept of "coronary prone" behavior was introduced, to the growing recognition of the need for strategies to encourage healthpromoting behaviors and lifestyles, to more recent efforts to incorporate health-related quality of life measures into our clinical studies, behavioral research has contributed much to our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Although still in its infancy, the application of this discipline to lung and blood diseases, sleep disorders, and transfusion medicine issues clearly offers much promise for advances in treatment and prevention.Acknowledging that many opportunities lie in biobehavioral research, in November 1995 the NHLBI convened the Task Force on Behavioral Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and Disease to chart a course for future research efforts.Composed of national experts, it was charged to review the state of knowledge in biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders over the past 5 years; identify research opportunities; and develop a comprehensive plan, including scientific priorities, for NHLBI support of research on health and behavior for the next several years.During a series of meetings that spanned nearly 2 years, the task force worked to develop a report of its findings and conclusions.The report provides a detailed summary of accomplishments to date, highlights new scientific opportunities, and identifies specific recommendations for future research.The full text, with graphics, is available on the NHLBI Web site at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/nhlbi/sciinf/taskforc.htm.
H-2 restriction as a consequence of intentional priming. Frequency analysis of alloantigen-restricted, trinitrophenyl-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors within thymocytes of normal mice.
Authors: H Stockinger, R Bartlett, K Pfizenmaier, M Röllinghoff, H Wagner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

An in vitro acute-depletion protocol was used to detect trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific, allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) within thymocytes of inbred mice. After removal of alloreactivity, the negatively selected cells could be sensitized to become TNP-specific, allo-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells. A precursors frequency analysis revealed a three- to ninefold lower frequency of allo-MHC-restricted CTL precursors (CTL-P) as compared to self-MHC-restricted CTL-P. The specificity analysis of clonally distributed allo-MHC-restricted CTL-P excluded cross-reactivity as an explanation of allo-MHC restriction. These results provide direct evidence that thymic T cells are composed of a mixture of self-MHC- and allo-MHC-restricted immunocompetent T cells and that antigen-driven selection of precommitted T cells dictates the H-2-restriction phenotype, i.e., H-2 restriction is a consequence of priming.
Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smoking Women and Pulmonary Function in Their Newborn Infants
Authors: Cindy T. McEvoy, Diane Schilling, Nakia Clay, Keith Jackson, Mitzi D. Go, Patricia Spitale, Carol Bunten, Maria Leiva, David Gonzales, Julie Hollister-Smith, Manuel Durand, Balz Frei, A. Sonia Buist, Dawn Peters, Cynthia D. Morris, Eliot R. Spindel
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Maternal smoking during pregnancy adversely affects offspring lung development, with lifelong decreases in pulmonary function and increased asthma risk. In a primate model, vitamin C blocked some of the in-utero effects of nicotine on lung development and offspring pulmonary function.To determine if newborns of pregnant smokers randomized to receive daily vitamin C would have improved results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and decreased wheezing compared with those randomized to placebo.Randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 3 sites in the Pacific Northwest between March 2007 and January 2011. One hundred fifty-nine newborns of randomized pregnant smokers (76 vitamin C treated and 83 placebo treated) and 76 newborns of pregnant nonsmokers were studied with newborn PFTs. Follow-up assessment including wheezing was assessed through age 1 year, and PFTs were performed at age 1 year.Pregnant women were randomized to receive vitamin C (500 mg/d) (n = 89) or placebo (n = 90).The primary outcome was measurement of newborn pulmonary function (ratio of the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time [TPTEF:TE] and passive respiratory compliance per kilogram [Crs/kg]) within 72 hours of age. Secondary outcomes included incidence of wheezing through age 1 year and PFT results at age 1 year. A subgroup of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers had genotyping performed.Newborns of women randomized to vitamin C (n = 76), compared with those randomized to placebo (n = 83), had improved pulmonary function as measured by TPTEF:TE (0.383 vs 0.345 [adjusted 95% CI for difference, 0.011-0.062]; P = .006) and Crs/kg (1.32 vs 1.20 mL/cm H2O/kg [95% CI, 0.02-0.20]; P = .01). Offspring of women randomized to vitamin C had significantly decreased wheezing through age 1 year (15/70 [21%] vs 31/77 [40%]; relative risk, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.33-0.95]; P = .03). There were no significant differences in the 1-year PFT results between the vitamin C and placebo groups. The effect of maternal smoking on newborn lung function was associated with maternal genotype for the α5 nicotinic receptor (rs16969968) (P < .001 for interaction).Supplemental vitamin C taken by pregnant smokers improved newborn PFT results and decreased wheezing through 1 year in the offspring. Vitamin C in pregnant smokers may be an inexpensive and simple approach to decrease the effects of smoking in pregnancy on newborn pulmonary function and respiratory morbidities.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00632476.
The Endocrine Effects of Nonhormonal Antineoplastic Therapy
Authors: Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, Alice Cua Chiu, Rena Vassilopoulou-Sellin, Robert F. Gagel
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1998)

I. Introduction II. Disorders of Glucose Metabolism A. Diabetes mellitus B. Glycosuria and ketonuria III. Disorders of Free Water Clearance A. Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus IV. Disorders of Mineral Metabolism A. Hypocalcemia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypomagnesemia V. Metabolic Bone Diseases A. Osteoporosis B. Rickets or osteomalacia VI. Thyroid Disorders A. Serum thyroid hormone-binding protein abnormalities B. Hypothyroidism C. Thyrotoxicosis D. Thyroid neoplasm VII. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism A. Hypertriglyceridemia B. Hypercholesterolemia VIII. Adrenal Dysfunction A. Primary adrenal insufficiency B. Secondary adrenal insufficiency IX. Disorders of GH Secretion and Growth A. GH deficiency B. Growth retardation X. Reproductive Dysfunction A. Reproductive dysfunction due to hypothalamic-pituitary damage B. Gonadal toxicity XI. Prevention and Surveillance of Endocrine Side Effects A. Pediatric screening B. Adult screening.
The Stewart–Treves Syndrome
Authors: Laura B Pincus, Lindy P Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 67-year-old woman with a history of cancer of the right breast, treated with a modified radical mastectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy in 1990, presented with a 6-month history of an enlarging plaque of coalescing purple papules and nodules within a region of chronic lymphedema of the right upper arm. A skin biopsy of the lesion showed collections of spindled cells with large, vesicular nuclei adjacent to slit like spaces lined by cells with pleomorphic nuclei — findings diagnostic of angiosarcoma. Immunostaining for human herpesvirus 8 was negative. Angiosarcoma arising within chronic postmastectomy lymphedema was reported in 1948 by Stewart and . . .
Epstein–Barr Virus Replication in Oropharyngeal Epithelial Cells
Authors: John W. Sixbey, John G. Nedrud, Nancy Raab-Traub, Robert A. Hanes, Joseph S. Pagano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Despite the well-established tropism of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) for human B lymphocytes, the cell type within the oropharynx capable of allowing EBV replication has never been conclusively identified. Using in situ cytohybridization, we demonstrated EBV DNA in oropharyngeal epithelial cells from 10 of 12 patients with infectious mononucleosis. In duplicates of specimens found to contain cell-associated EBV DNA, we detected EBV RNA in two of four samples, using a biotin-labeled EBV DNA probe, thereby confirming the intracellular location of the viral genome. In 20 of 28 throat washings analyzed, cytohybridization results and assays for cell-free infectious virus were in agreement. In seven of the eight remaining specimens, cytohybridization identified intracellular EBV DNA in the absence of detectable extracellular virus. We conclude that the oropharyngeal epithelial cell may be the target cell type that is productively infected in infectious mononucleosis. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1225–30.)
Treatment of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in AIDS with Amikacin, Ethambutol, Rifampin, and Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Joseph Chiu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine the efficacy of combination drug therapy for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, before-after comparison. Setting: Outpatient clinics at three university medical centers. Patients: Seventeen patients with at least two consecutive blood cultures positive for M. avium complex who had not been previously treated with antituberculous medications. Fifteen of the seventeen patients completed at least 4 weeks of treatment. Intervention: Patients received daily intravenous amikacin (7.5 mg/kg body weight) for the first 4 weeks plus the following oral medications for at least 12 weeks: ciprofloxacin, 750 mg twice daily; ethambutol, 1000 mg daily; and rifampin, 600 mg daily. Measurements and Main Results: The baseline geometric mean colony count from blood cultures decreased from 537/mL to 14/mL (P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of therapy. The microbiologic suppression was sustained while on treatment and was associated with a decrease in systemic symptoms related to M. avium complex infection. Premature withdrawal from treatment (less than 12 weeks) occurred in 7 of 17 patients. The commonest reasons for early withdrawal were gastrointestinal intolerance and hepatic toxicity. Conclusions: Mycobacterial load and systemic symptoms in patients with AIDS and disseminated M. avium complex infection can be effectively reduced by a regimen containing amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin.
Short-term Effects Of Alterations in Dietary Fat on Metabolic Control in IDDM
Authors: Paul Ireland, Kerin O'Dea, Alison Nankervis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE Two experimental diets were evaluated to investigate the hypothesis that dietary fat has an independent influence on metabolic control in IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The diets had similar CHO contents (26 and 22% of energy intake) but differed markedly in fat (53 vs. 16% energy) and protein (20 vs. 62% energy). We had 10 subjects follow the low-CHO, high-fat diet, and 8 subjects follow the low-CHO, low-fat, high-protein diet. In each case, markers of glycemic and lipid control obtained after adherence to the experimental diet for 2 wk were compared with corresponding data from a preceding control period during which subjects had followed their usual diet (protein 18–19%, CHO 41–46%, fat 33–37%). RESULTS Despite the low CHO content of the high-fat diet, insulin requirements were unchanged relative to the control diet. Moreover, the glycemic response to a standard breakfast was elevated significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001), suggesting that insulin resistance had either been induced or exacerbated. The small rise in total cholesterol concentration in response to the high-fat diet was accounted for by a rise in HDL cholesterol. Glycemic control and lipid metabolism were unchanged after the low-CHO, low-fat diet, although insulin requirements fell by an average of 6 U/day (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative to those recorded during the 2-wk control period. CONCLUSIONS Diets high in fat are deleterious to glycemic control in IDDM, but general applicability is limited by the small sample size and short duration of this study.
We Cannot Cure Ataxia, We Can Only Eradicate It
Authors: Khalaf Bushara
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

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