tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Howard L. Corwin, Andrew Gettinger, Ronald G. Pearl, Mitchell P. Fink, Mitchell M. Levy, Marc J. Shapiro, Michael J. Corwin, Theodore Colton, None for the EPO Critical Care Trials Group
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextAnemia is common in critically ill patients and results in a large number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Recent data have raised the concern that RBC transfusions may be associated with worse clinical outcomes in some patients.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy in critically ill patients of a weekly dosing schedule of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to decrease the occurrence of RBC transfusion.DesignA prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial conducted between December 1998 and June 2001.SettingA medical, surgical, or a medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in each of 65 participating institutions in the United States.PatientsA total of 1302 patients who had been in the ICU for 2 days and were expected to be in the ICU at least 2 more days and who met eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study; 650 patients were randomized to rHuEPO and 652 to placebo.InterventionStudy drug (40 000 units of rHuEPO) or placebo was administered by subcutaneous injection on ICU day 3 and continued weekly for patients who remained in the hospital, for a total of 3 doses. Patients in the ICU on study day 21 received a fourth dose.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary efficacy end point was transfusion independence, assessed by comparing the percentage of patients in each treatment group who received any RBC transfusion between study days 1 and 28. Secondary efficacy end points identified prospectively included cumulative RBC units transfused per patient through study day 28; cumulative mortality through study day 28; change in hemoglobin from baseline; and time to first transfusion or death.ResultsPatients receiving rHuEPO were less likely to undergo transfusion (60.4% placebo vs 50.5% rHuEPO; P<.001; odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.83). There was a 19% reduction in the total units of RBCs transfused in the rHuEPO group (1963 units for placebo vs 1590 units for rHuEPO) and reduction in RBC units transfused per day alive (ratio of transfusion rates, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.83; P = .04). Increase in hemoglobin from baseline to study end was greater in the rHuEPO group (mean [SD], 1.32 [2] g/dL vs 0.94 [1.9] g/dL; P<.001). Mortality (14% for rHuEPO and 15% for placebo) and adverse clinical events were not significantly different.ConclusionsIn critically ill patients, weekly administration of 40 000 units of rHuEPO reduces allogeneic RBC transfusion and increases hemoglobin. Further study is needed to determine whether this reduction in RBC transfusion results in improved clinical outcomes.
Prognostic factors in non-exertional heatstroke
Authors: Pierre Hausfater, Bruno Megarbane, Sandrine Dautheville, Anabella Patzak, Marc Andronikof, Aline Santin, Stéphanie André, Ludovic Korchia, Nabila Terbaoui, Gérald Kierzek, Benoît Doumenc, Christophe Leroy, Bruno Riou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Participation of Antibodies in Acute Cardiac-Allograft Rejection in Man
Authors: G. M. Williams, B. DePlanque, W. H. Graham, R. R. Lower
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Three of four patients receiving cardiac allografts died of acute rejection at seven, seven and 18 days. Serologic studies were performed with the use of kidney cells cultured from the donor in an attempt to assess the role of presensitization and circulating antibody in this fulminating variety of rejection. Evidence of presensitization to antigens present on donor kidney cells was found in one patient, and antibody was eluted from the rejected hearts in each case. Presensitization and an early antibody response may have some role in virulent acute rejection.
A DEFENSE OF SUPRAPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: Edward L. Keyes
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a recent contribution toThe Journal(Young, H. H.: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate,The Journal, June 9, p. 1913) a slight error credits me with a death rate of 40 per cent following the operation of suprapubic prostatectomy. The error would not be worth comment had it not elicited from a number of kindly disposed urologists protests that exhibit a misconception of certain social phenomena that underlie the ancient dispute between the prostatectomists, perineal and suprapubic, as well as the modern antagonism between the champions of prostatectomy and those of prostatic resection.  Operations owe their initial vogue to advertisement. The adjective conservative attributed by Dr. Young to the operation of perineal prostatectomy, for example, conveys an aroma of sexual immortality most enticing to the aging male. In the history of prostatic surgery there have been a large number of operative procedures (most of them covering incompetence to do
Brain SPECT Imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO in Ophthalmoplegia Plus
Authors: F Grünwald, S Zierz, K Broich, W Dewes, T Böker, H J Biersack
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

In 14 patients with ophthalmoplegia plus Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) brain SPECT imaging was performed. Three patients showed bilateral parieto-occipital hypoperfusions, and two patients had left parietal defects (one with an additional right temporal lesion). Two patients presented with occipital hypoperfusions and one with a distinct hypoperf usion in the medial part of both frontal lobes. Hypoperfusion of the visual cortex might result from permanently decreased input from the degenerated retina. The hypoperfusion in the visual cortex and in other regions alternatively might reflect direct central nervous system (CNS) involvement due to neuronal degeneration or to impaired vascular function caused by morphologically changed mitochondria in smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The data suggest CNS involvement in ophthalmoplegia plus with abnormalities of cerebral blood flow similar to those found in other mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.
Consequences of occupational asthma on employment and financial status: a follow-up study
Authors: J Ameille, JC Pairon, MC Bayeux, P Brochard, D Choudat, F Conso, A Devienne, R Garnier, Y Iwatsubo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The aim of this study was to describe changes in employment and income following a diagnosis of occupational asthma, and to determine what factors might affect these changes. Two hundred and nine patients with occupational asthma were reviewed on average 3.1 yrs after the diagnosis had been made. They were contacted by telephone or were sent a self-administered questionnaire by post. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to determine which variables were associated with loss of employment after the diagnosis. At the time of review, 44% of patients had left their previous job and 25% were currently unemployed. Remarkably, 32% remained exposed to the offending agents in the same job. Forty six percent of the patients had suffered a reduction of income (84% of those who had left their employer versus 19% of those still employed in the same company (p < 0.001)). Claims for compensation, size of the company, level of education, and age at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with a risk for becoming unemployed or having a new employer after the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Occupational asthma results in severe socioeconomic consequences. The French compensation system for occupational asthma should be revised, as the criteria currently used to determine compensation for this disease largely underestimate the social and occupational damages.
Abstract 18355: Predictors of Fatigue in Heart Failure
Authors: Ana C Perez-Moreno, Pardeep S Jhund, John G Cleland, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Lars Gullestad, John Wikstrand, John K Kjekshus, James D Lewsey, John J McMurray
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction Although fatigue is regarded as a prototypical symptom of heart failure (HF), little is known about its prevalence, severity and predictors. We examined which baseline characteristics predicted fatigue at baseline in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA). Methods CORONA enrolled 5011 patients aged ≥ 60 years with symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV), ischemic, systolic (LVEF ≤ 40%) heart failure. Fatigue “during the past few days” was measured using a five point scale: 0 none, 1 on heavy exertion, 2 moderate exertion, 3 slight exertion, 4 at rest. For the purposes of analysis, patients were grouped into 3 categories: fatigue score 0-1 (n= 588), 2 (n=1,898) and 3-4 (n= 2,525). The 3 category fatigue outcome was analyzed using ordered logistic regression, checking covariates for linearity and the proportional odds assumption. Only baseline variables that were significant (P&lt; 0.05) predictors of fatigue in univariate analyses were included in the multivariable models. Results Fatigue was reported by 96% of patients with half scoring 4 or 5 out of a possible score of 5. The baseline variables which were independent predictors of fatigue are shown in the table. NYHA class was the strongest predictor. Both atrial fibrillation/flutter and higher heart rate were predictors. Lower serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were associated with more fatigue. Adding drug therapy made little difference to the models although some treatments were additional predictors of fatigue (e.g. diuretics) whereas others (e.g. beta-blockers) were not. Notable by their absence as predictors were LVEF, blood pressure, body mass index, diabetes, renal dysfunction and NT proBNP. Discussion Fatigue was an almost universal symptom and was pronounced in many patients. Fatigue was associated with NYHA class but not measures of cardiac function (LVEF, NT proBNP). Interestingly, fatigue was associated with lower CK, probably indicative of lower muscle mass.
Acute and chronic effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in asthma: A 6-month randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Mark C. Liu, Louise M. Dubé, James Lancaster
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> Leukotrienes produced by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism may mediate bronchoconstriction and inflammatory changes important in the pathophysiology of asthma. Leukotriene inhibition may be effective in asthma management. <b>Objective:</b> This clinical trial was performed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. <b>Methods:</b> In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial, 600 mg of zileuton, 400 mg of zileuton, or placebo was given orally, each four times daily for 6 months. Patients with mild to moderate asthma (<i>n</i> = 373), 18 to 62 years of age, being managed with regularly inhaled <b>β</b>-agonist alone, were randomized to the zileuton or placebo groups (<i>n</i> = 122 to 126). Outcome measures included serial spirometry, daily peak expiratory flow rates, daytime and nocturnal symptoms, frequency of <b>β</b>-agonist use, and number of asthma exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids. <b>Results:</b> An acute bronchodilatory effect was observed 2 to 5 hours after the initial dose of medication in both 400 mg zileuton and 600 mg zileuton groups compared to the placebo group. Both zileuton groups had significantly greater improvements in FEV<sub>1</sub> than did the placebo group by day 8. On day 36, FEV<sub>1</sub> improved 16% and 12% from baseline for patients treated with 600 mg zileuton and 400 mg zileuton, respectively, compared with an improvement of 6% for the placebo-treated group (<i>p</i> < 0.01, zileuton 600 mg vs placebo). Blood eosinophil levels were significantly reduced in both zileuton-treated groups compared with the placebo group. In the group receiving 600 mg zileuton, morning peak expiratory flow rate improved by 7% to 10%; daytime and nocturnal symptoms decreased by 37% and 31%, respectively; <b>β</b>-agonist use decreased by 31%; and the proportion of patients requiring steroid rescue medication during the study was reduced by 62% (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all comparisons of zileuton, 600 mg, vs placebo). Improvements were sustained over 6 months. Adverse events were similar in the three groups with no apparent, dose-related side effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> Zileuton produces objective and subjective improvements in patients with mild to moderate asthma and is well tolerated. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1996;98:859-71.)
Genomic and epigenomic co-evolution in follicular lymphomas
Authors: M Loeffler, M Kreuz, A Haake, D Hasenclever, H Trautmann, C Arnold, K Winter, K Koch, W Klapper, R Scholtysik, M Rosolowski, S Hoffmann, O Ammerpohl, M Szczepanowski, D Herrmann, R Küppers, C Pott, R Siebert
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Caspase 3 and p27 as Predictors of Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Paul B.J. Burton, Christopher J. Anderson, Cathy M. Corbishly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: In the United States and the United Kingdom, about 57,000 patients are given a diagnosis of bladder cancer each year. Invasive bladder cancer usually arises from a precursor lesion o...
Relationship between the tensile properties of articular cartilage from the human knee and age.
Authors: G E Kempson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

The relationship between the tensile properties of articular cartilage and age has been investigated in vitro in the human knee joint. Specimens orientated parallel to the articular surface were excised from the superficial and deep zones of the femoral condyles of knee joints of persons in the age range from 8 to 91 years. The results showed that the tensile strength of the superficial zone increased with age to reach a maximum value in the third decade. Thereafter the strength decreased markedly with increasing age. The tensile strength of cartilage from the deep zone did not show an increase in the early years but decreased continuously with age. The tensile stiffness of the superficial layer at stresses of 5 MN/m2 and 10 MN/m2 increased to maximum values in the third decade and thereafter decreased with increasing age. The stiffness of the deep zone decreased continuously with age. It is suggested that these results reflect changes in the organisation of the collagen fibre mesh with age and possibly also changes in the collagen cross-links.
Regulated expression of mouse mammary tumor proviral genes in cells of the B lineage.
Authors: F E Lund, R B Corley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We evaluated the expression of mouse mammary tumor proviral (MMTV) transcripts during B cell ontogeny and compared levels of RNA in B lymphocytes and B cell lines with levels in other cells of the hematopoietic lineage and in a mammary cell line. We demonstrate that MMTV transcripts are expressed as early as the pro-B cell stage in ontogeny and are expressed at basal constitutive levels throughout most of the B cell developmental pathway. The level of MMTV expression in B cells is similar to constitutive levels in mammary tissues and two to three orders of magnitude greater than in activated T cells. Levels of MMTV transcripts in B cells are not solely due to positional effects. Transient transfection assays showed that MMTV upregulation resulted from transcriptional activation of the viral LTR, indicating that there are specific and inducible transcription factors that regulate MMTV expression in B cells. MMTV transcripts could not be upregulated in pre-B cell lines but could be induced in some mature B cell lines. There was a correlation between the ability to stimulate B cells to secrete antibody and the ability to induce upregulated MMTV expression. Evidence is presented that suggests that the principal transcription factors involved in MMTV expression do not include the B cell factors OTF-2 or NF-kappa B, but rather are likely to be novel factors that are induced during differentiation to antibody secretion. A hypothesis for why mammary tumor viruses are well adapted for expression in cells of the B lineage is proposed, and the implications of this for the documented influence of MMTV gene products on the T cell repertoire are discussed.
Simultaneous Care: Disease Treatment and Palliative Care Throughout Illness
Authors: Frederick J. Meyers, John Linder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools ART OF ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.104 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12663735 Simultaneous Care: Disease Treatment and Palliative Care Throughout Illness Frederick J. MeyersxFrederick J. MeyersSearch for articles by this author , John LinderxJohn LinderSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Sacremento, CA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.104 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effects of pulsed β-stimulant therapy on β-adrenoceptors and chronotropic responsiveness in chronic heart failure
Authors: S. Adamopoulos, M. Piepoli, E. Pissimissis, C. Forfar, P. Sleight, A. Coats, S. Adamopoulos, M. Piepoli, A. Coats, F. Qiang, M. Davies, L. Bernardi
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
UK licence for cisapride suspended
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The product licence for cisapride (Prepulsid), a drug used to treat gastric and digestive disorders in adults and children, has been suspended by the Medicines Control Agency after five deaths in the United Kingdom and 125 deaths worldwide that are thought to be associated with the drug.

When the Committee on Safety of Medicines recently reviewed the drug, which is made by Janssen-Cilag, it found rare but serious disturbances in heart rhythm associated with it.

Since 1988, when cisapride was licensed in the United Kingdom, the yellow card scheme—under which doctors report adverse drug reactions—has received 60 reports of serious cardiovascular reactions, five of which were fatal.

Worldwide there have been 386 …
Not All Long-Acting Insulins Are The Same
Authors: Anne L. Peters Harmel, Lauren Somma
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Glargine (Lantus) is an insulin analog recently available in the U.S. It is a long-acting insulin but differs from other long-acting insulins (such as NPH, Lente, and ultralente) because it is clear as opposed to cloudy. It also has an acidic pH and should not be mixed with other insulins. Because it is new and patients and physicians do not have a long history of using it, mistakes can occur. A number of our patients have mixed glargine and rapid-acting insulin, in spite of being instructed not to. Additionally, it is no longer possible to distinguish between short- …
Grappling with Cancer — Defeatism versus the Reality of Progress
Authors: B S Kramer, R D Klausner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

When you come to a fork in the road, take it. — Yogi BerraA recent article by Bailar and Gornik1 in the Journal pointed out the obvious — that cancer, a collection of diseases that will claim more than 560,000 lives in our country this year,2 is “undefeated.”1 Extrapolating from trends in mortality from cancer, the authors conclude that the nation's investment in cancer research is doomed to fail because it is based on impossible dreams of cure, when prevention is far more likely to rid us of the scourge of cancer. Bailar and Gornik agree with previously published . . .
Pantopaque Hypersensitivity Meningitis.
Authors: James A. Curtin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Pantopaque Hypersensitivity Meningitis.James A. Curtin, M.D., F.A.C.P.James A. Curtin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-838_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA clinical and laboratory picture simulating infectious meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia may develop after pantopaque myelography. Three patients with normal cerebrospinal fluid at the time of myelography later developed meningitis. All cultures, including fungus and tuberculosis, were negative. Each patient complained of headache, stiff neck, and two had fever. The myelograms were performed at different times by different people. Twelve days after myelography the first patient had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, elevated protein, and CSF sugar 30 mg/100 ml to blood sugar 75 mg/100 ml. Improvement occurred rapidly after prednisone therapy. The patient was well 18 months later without medication. The... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPDrug- and Chemical-Induced Aseptic Meningitis: A Review of the LiteraturePCarbohydrates 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 838-838KeywordsBlood sugarCerebrospinal fluidClinical laboratoriesColony stimulating factorFeversHeadachesHypersensitivityMeningitisProteinsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cancer is more likely in obese women than in women of average weight
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Women who are obese are up to 36% more likely to develop cancer those of a healthy weight.

Almost one in 14 cancers in women are due to overweight and obesity and are therefore avoidable, concludes research that looked at nearly 70 000 people in Sweden. The study has been published online ahead of print publication in the International Journal of Cancer (www3.interscience.wiley.com, doi: 10.1002/ijc.21354).

“In women, up to 7% of all cancers in the county are attributable to overweight and obesity, with a larger effect on endometrial (up to 30%), colon (20%) and ovarian (22%) cancers. Up to 18% …
1132. Role of Akt in Dendritic Cell (DC) Survival and Application of an Akt “LIFE SWITCH” in DC-Based Tumor Vaccines
Authors: Dongsu Park, Mamatha R. Seethammagari, David M. Spencer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
The lifespan of activated dendritic cells (DCs) in lymphoid organs is critical to the regulation of immunity. Although pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogens are important in maintaining the survival of activated DCs through the regulation of Bcl-2 family members, the molecular mechanisms from pro-survival signals to downstream anti-apoptotic molecules are not completely defined. Here we show that DC death from GM-CSF deprivation induces the rapid down-regulation of Akt, but that treatment of DCs with LPS or anti-CD40 antibody reverses this down-regulation, thereby promoting DC survival. In addition, we found that the down-regulation of Akt correlates with Bcl-2 expression levels but not with Bcl-xL. DCs treated with Akt-1 siRNA showed greatly reduced Akt expression level, resulting in rapid DC death. Furthermore, a functionally optimized Akt (MF-DAkt) protected DCs against cell death signals from PI3-K inhibition and GM-CSF deprivation. Finally, MF-|[Delta]|Akt-transduced DCs displayed significantly increased lifespan in vitro and in vivo, induced maturation, allogeneic and antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses, and enhanced IFN-|[gamma]| production, resulting in the rapid eradication of pre-established tumors in mice. Thus, these data suggest that Akt is a critical regulator of DC lifespan and functions as a |[ldquo]|life switch|[rdquo]| that may contribute to the development of a DC-based tumor vaccine. (See Figure)