tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of air pollution in the 1960s on causes of death after 20 years
Authors: Takako Tanaka, Yorihide Yanagita, Naomi Miyamoto, Yudai Yano, Hideaki Senjyu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Air pollution is a serious problem worldwide, and especially Asia. In Japan, individuals with respiratory impairment owing to pollution in the 1960s receive various types of compensation from the government. The causes of death in this population after 20 years are not known. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of death after 20 years in officially-acknowledged victims of pollution-related illness who were exposed to air pollution in the 1960s. Methods: We reviewed 1260 victims who died in Kurashiki from 1988 to 2009. We recorded the relationship between respiratory impairment owing to pollution and death, sex, respiratory diagnosis, and age at death collected by Kurashiki City Hall. Results: Respiratory impairment owing to pollution was judged to be related to death in 651 (51.7%) cases (406 males, 245 females), of which 346 (53%) had chronic bronchitis. The average age at death was 78.5 (range 22–104) years in males and 80.5 (range 20–101) years in females. The difference in age at death compared with non-victims increased with increasing age in both sexes. In 295 cases, comparison of life expectancy at the age of certification with nationwide life expectancy according to the Index of Public Welfare found that life expectancy was reduced by 4.2 years in males and 6.7 years in females. Conclusions: Death was related to respiratory impairment in about half of the victims of pollution-related illness exposed to air pollution, and life expectancy in this population was shortened.Our data suggest that life expectancy is shortened in individuals with respiratory impairment owing to air pollution, even if they receive various types of compensation.
Infections of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: frequency, predisposing factors and clinical significance
Authors: P. Gil, M.L. Fernández Guerrero, J.F. Bayona, J.M. Rubio, M. de Górgolas, J.J. Granizo, J. Farré
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2006)

The prognosis for patients with ventricular arrhythmias has improved dramatically with the aid of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Although infection is a serious complication that frequently causes dysfunction and loss of ICDs, the frequency, predisposing risk-factors, and clinical and microbiological features are only partially understood. This study describes a retrospective review of 423 procedures in 278 patients with ICD primary implants and replacements performed at a tertiary-care hospital. Generators were placed in either a pectoral (68%) or abdominal (32%) site, and electrodes were placed transvenously in 97% of the patients. Most (95%) interventions were performed in a one-stage procedure. Infection developed with ten (2.4%) implanted devices. Four cases occurred within 30 days of surgery ('early infections') and six occurred > 1 month after surgery ('late infections'). In univariate analysis, factors associated with the development of an early infection were: two-stage surgery, a sub-costal approach, and abdominal generator placement. In patients with late infections, a significant association was found with trauma or decubitus ulcer in the generator area. Infection presented with local signs without systemic complications. Seven of the ten patients required complete removal of the system.
Genomic Profiling
Authors: Helen X. Chen, Jeffrey S. Abrams
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Himisha Beltran, MD; Kenneth Eng, MS; Juan Miguel Mosquera, MD; Alexandros Sigaras, MS; Alessandro Romanel, PhD; Hanna Rennert, MD; Myriam Kossai, MD; Chantal Pauli, MD; Bishoy Faltas, MD; Jacqueline Fontugne, MD; Kyung Park, MD; Jason Banfelder, MCh.E; Davide Prandi, PhD; Neel Madhukar, BS; Tuo Zhang, PhD; Jessica Padilla, MA; Noah Greco, MBA; Terra J. McNary, BA; Erick Herrscher, BA; David Wilkes, PhD; Theresa Y. MacDonald, BS; Hui Xue, PhD; Vladimir Vacic, PhD; Anne-Katrin Emde, PhD; Dayna Oschwald, PhD; Adrian Y. Tan, MD; Zhengming Chen, PhD, MPH; Colin Collins, PhD; Martin E. Gleave, MD; Yuzhuo Wang, PhD; Dimple Chakravarty, PhD; Marc Schiffman, MD; Robert Kim, BS; Fabien Campagne, PhD; Brian D. Robinson, MD; David M. Nanus, MD; Scott T. Tagawa, MD; Jenny Z. Xiang, MD; Agata Smogorzewska, MD, PhD; Francesca Demichelis, PhD; David S. Rickman, PhD; Andrea Sboner, PhD; Olivier Elemento, PhD; Mark A. Rubin, MD
Stimulation of Lymphoid Cells by Components of BCG2
Authors: Malcolm S. Mitchell, Margalit Birnbaum Mokyr, Itzhak Kahane
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

BCG was fractionated into a delipidated mycobacterial cell fraction (DMC) and lipid by exhaustive chloroform-methanol extraction. The effects of these fractions were tested on mouse spleen cells, nonadherent spleen cells (lymphocytes), thymus cells, and adherent spleen cells (macrophages) in vitro and were compared with effects of the whole bacilli and a methanol-extraction residue (MER). Tritiated thymidine incorporation into spleen cells, purified spleen lymphocytes, and thymus cells was measured as an indicator of activity on these cells; lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) production was used to measure activation of macrophages. DMC and MER were at least equivalent to, and often exceeded, whole BCG in their stimulation of spleen cells and spleen lymphocytes. DMC was a poor thymic mitogen in contrast to MER, which was as strong as BCG in this regard. Lipid was far less effective a mitogen for all cells tested, and failed to augment the effectiveness of DMC on thymus cells when both were present in the incubation mixture. LAF production was significantly increased by whole BCG (18-fold above controls), whereas each fraction increased production threefold to sixfold. These in vitro results seemed to reflect the known in vivo activity of BCG and its components and suggest further antitumor applications.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and pneumomediastinum after hypoglycaemic seizure
Authors: Anthony Dechant, Kerri Johannson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage is a potentially life threatening condition. Given the multitude of possible etiologies and the infrequency with which it is encountered, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage poses a formidable diagnostic challenge. A 29 year old insulin-dependent diabetic man presented to the local emergency department with a 3 hour history of frank haemoptysis after a nocturnal hypoglycaemic seizure. Chest x-ray showed mid-lung predominant bilateral airspace disease. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated pneumomediastinum and bilateral patchy ground glass opacities in a bronchovascular distribution. Bronchoalveolar lavage of the lingula returned consistently bloody returns with haemosiderin-laden macrophages. Work-up for secondary causes of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage including infection, vasculitides and connective tissue disease were negative and the haemoptysis resolved without any immunosuppressive therapy within 24 hours. Follow-up chest x-ray demonstrated marked interval improvement in the bilateral airspace disease. Previous reports have described post-ictal neurogenic pulmonary oedema but ours is the first description of seizure-induced alveolar haemorrhage with pneumomediastinum. This suggests that this condition may result from high intrathoracic pressures during a seizure leading to barotrauma and subsequent alveolar haemorrhage.
Changing Clinician Behavior When Less Is More
Authors: Ralph Gonzales, Adithya Cattamanchi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Late INa increases diastolic SR-Ca2+-leak in atrial myocardium by activating PKA and CaMKII
Authors: Thomas H. Fischer, Jonas Herting, Fleur E. Mason, Nico Hartmann, Saera Watanabe, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Julia U. Sprenger, Peidong Fan, Lina Yao, Aron-Frederik Popov, Bernhard C. Danner, Friedrich Schöndube, Luiz Belardinelli, Gerd Hasenfuss, Lars S. Maier, Samuel Sossalla
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsEnhanced cardiac late Na current (late INa) and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+-leak are both highly arrhythmogenic. This study seeks to identify signalling pathways interconnecting late INa and SR-Ca2+-leak in atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs).
Clinical studies of sweat rate reduction by an over-the-counter soft-solid antiperspirant and comparison with a prescription antiperspirant product in male panelists
Authors: D.F. Swaile, L.T. Elstun, K.W. Benzing
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Individuals with axillary hyperhidrosis have much higher than average sweat rates and are often prescribed anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solutions. Topical application of these solutions can be irritating to the skin, resulting in poor compliance and lower than desired efficacy. Objective Demonstrate the efficacy of an over the counter “clinical strength” soft‐solid antiperspirant using a night time application regimen and compare to a prescription aluminum chloride (6.5%) antiperspirant using male panelists. Methods Gravimetric hot room efficacy testing (100 F and 35% Humidity) was performed comparing an over the counter soft‐solid antiperspirant to placebo in a single test. Two separate gravimetric tests were placed comparing a prescription aluminum chloride (6.5%) antiperspirant to the same soft solid product using an intent to treat model. Skin irritation was assessed daily by a trained grader. Results Placebo testing resulted in 85% of panelists having a reduction in sweating rate greater than 50%. Comparison testing showed the over the counter soft solid reduced sweat rate by an average of 34% better than the prescription product while resulting significantly less skin irritation. Conclusions Over the counter “clinical strength” soft‐solid antiperspirants can be considered as an alternative treatment to aluminum chloride antiperspirants for the treatment of heavy sweating.
Dissemination Risk Index Based on Plasminogen Activator System Components in Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Cécile Bouchet, Kamel Hacène, Pierre-Marie Martin, Véronique Becette, Michèle Tubiana-Hulin, Serge Lasry, Jean Oglobine, Frédérique Spyratos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To study interactions between disease-free survival (DFS) and four components of the plasminogen activator system: urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2), and its membrane receptor uPAR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 499 primary breast cancer patients (median follow-up, 6 years). uPA, PAI-1, and PAI-2 were determined on cytosols and uPAR on solubilized pellets, using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay kits (American Diagnostica, Greenwich, CT). Classical univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used together with multiple correspondence analysis to graphically examine interactions between the variables and outcome. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, higher uPA and PAI-1 values were significantly related to shorter DFS (P = .002; P &lt; .00002). PAI-2 was not significantly related to DFS, although patients with high and very low PAI-2 values had a longer DFS. Multiple correspondence analysis showed the parallel impact of uPA and PAI-1 on outcome, and the clearly different behavior of PAI-2 compared with PAI-1. The prognostic contribution of uPAR seemed weak by both methods. A dissemination risk index [uPA × PAI-1/(PAI-2 + 1)], taking into account the modulation of uPA proteolytic activity by the ratio of its two inhibitors, was then tested. Dissemination risk index was selected as an independent variable in the Cox model in the overall population (P &lt; .000001) and in node-positive patients (P &lt; .00001). It was the only variable selected in node-negative patients (P = .003). CONCLUSION: A dissemination risk index determined on primary tumor and taking into account the different effects of PAI-1 and PAI-2 on uPA can be of major help in clinical management of breast cancer, particularly in node-negative patients.
Adaptation of children with spinal muscolar atrophy type 1 and 2 to non invasive ventilatory support
Authors: Teresa Salerno, Martino Pavone, Maria Beatrice Chiarini Testa, Francesco Paolo Rossi, Elisabetta Verrillo, Serena Soldini, Renato Cutrera
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Spinal Muscolar Atrophy (SMA), the most common fatal inherited disease in infants. The impaired respiratory function is the main cause of the high mortality. Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) has reduced morbidity and mortality due to respiratory insufficiency and has a favourable impact on respiratory infectious complications.   Aim:  Evaluation of the necessary time and mode to achieve adaptation to this tool in SMA patients (pts) free from acute respiratory insufficiency.  We prospectively studied 28 consecutive SMA type 1 pts (11 pts) and 2 (17 pts), who were enrolled in a standardized clinical protocol of adaptation to NIV. Mean age was 19±23 months, M/F 10/18. NIV was delivered via a nasal mask in 23 pts, nasal progs in 4 pts, full face mask in one, with Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode (25 pts) and Assisted Controlled Pressure Ventilation (ACPV) mode (3 pts). Mean IPAP was 12±2.7 cm H 2 O, mean EPAP 3.9±0.74 cm H 2 O.  Success was defined as the necessary time to accustom the SMA pts free from acute respiratory insufficiency to NIV and the mode to achieve acceptability of this tool.  According to this definition, all pts (100%) were considered as successfully ventilated, as all of them tolerated NIV with a mean adaptation time of 8±2 days. No major complications were observed.  In conclusion, our study demonstrates that NIV is well tolerated in SMA children and, probably, the high rate of success was obtained thanks to a standardized protocol of NIV initiation/administration, the proper parents education, a strict follow-up, the lack of major complications. With these assumptions, success can be expected in a high rate of pts before the onset of respiratory insufficiency.
Mutagenic Activity of Chemical Carcinogens and Related Compounds in the Intraperitoneal Host-Mediated Assay&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: V F Simmon, H S Rosenkranz, E Zeiger, L A Poirier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The mutagenic activities of 79 carcinogens, noncarcinogens, and structurally related compounds toward Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1530, TA1535, and TA1538 and toward Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3 were investigated in the intraperitoneal host-mediated assay. Fewer than half of the carcinogens were mutagenic toward the Salmonella strains. The insensitivity of the system was most marked with the aromatic amine and polycyclic hydrocarbon procarcinogens. Under the test conditions, fewer than 10% of the carcinogens showed clear mutagenic activity toward S. cerevisiae D3. However, none of the noncarcinogens was significantly mutagenic toward either S. typhimurium or S. cerevisiae D3. Overall, the intraperitoneal host-mediated assay does not seem suitable for routine preliminary screening of large numbers of potential carcinogens. The median lethal doses to mice of 46 compounds were determined.
A Case Study of Tire Crumb Use on Playgrounds: Risk Analysis and Communication When Major Clinical Knowledge Gaps Exist
Authors: Mark E. Anderson, Katherine H. Kirkland, Tee L. Guidotti, Cecile Rose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Physicians and public health professionals working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Region 8 Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit (PEHSU) received several telephone calls requesting information regarding the safety of recycled tire crumb as a playground surface constituent placed below children's play structures. There were no reported symptoms or adverse health effects in exposed children. The literature available on the safety and risk of exposure to crumb rubber constituents was limited and revealed no information quantifying exposures associated with product use. Callers were informed by the PEHSU that no evidence existed suggesting harm from intended use of the product, but gaps in knowledge about the product were identified and communicated. Here the case of crumb rubber on playgrounds is used as a model to present an approach to similar environmental medicine questions. From defining the question, to surveying traditional and nontraditional resources for information, synthesis of findings, and risk communication, the case provides a model to approach similar questions.
Prevalence and impact of small airways dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Claudia Llontop, Almudena Castro, Regina Dalmau, Cristina Garcia, Sandra Rojas, Carlos Carpio, David Romero, Raul Galera, Joan Soriano, Francisco Garcia Rio, Rodolfo Alvarez Sala
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives : To identify the prevalence of small airways dysfunction (SAD) in stable patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), to characterize the factors associated with SAD and evaluates its clinical impact.

Methods: 118 patients, active or ex-smokers with a previous diagnosis of IHD were evaluated. We recorded the comorbidity, degree of angina, cardiac function, cardiovascular risk and quality of life. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry, determination of airway resistance by forced oscillation/impulse oscillometry (IOS), two-compartment analysis of exhaled nitric oxide and systemic biomarkers were performed in all patients. We consider as airflow limitation (AFL) a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7 and as SAD a R5-20 or a Z5 higher to the upper limits of normality.

Results: The three study groups (control, SAD and AFL) were homogeneous. AFL prevalence was 28.0% (CI95%:19.9-36.1) and 45.8% of SAD (36.8-54.8). Male gender, BMI and GOLD screener questionnaire score were independent determinants of SAD in the IHD group. There were no differences between control and SAD groups in terms of degree of angina, NYHA class and systolic function. The SAD group had higher cardiovascular risk (Frammingham Risk in control group: 7.0 ± 1.9, SAD: 8.3 ± 2.4 and AFL: 8.8 ± 2.4, p = 0.006) and worse quality of life (physical function, general health and physical component domains) than control group and similar to patients with AFL. Similarly, the hsCRP was higher in the AFL and SAD groups than in the control group.

Conclusions: The SAD is highly prevalent in patients with ischemic heart disease and is associated with increased systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk and poorer quality of life.
Tiotropium bromide, a new long-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator: a pharmacodynamic study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dutch Study Group
Authors: FP Maesen, JJ Smeets, TJ Sledsens, FD Wald, PJ Cornelissen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the dose-dependent bronchodilator efficacy and duration of action of the newly developed antimuscarinic agent tiotropium bromide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, patients inhaled single doses of 10-80 micrograms tiotropium bromide and placebo, formulated in lactose powder capsules. The washout period between test doses was 72 h. Thirty five patients were enrolled in the trial (32 males and 3 females; mean age 64 yrs). Baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (mean 1.34 L) was less than 65% of predicted and was &lt; 70% of forced vital capacity (FVC). All subjects had a smoking history of more than 10 pack-years. The mean reversibility of FEV1 after inhalation of 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide was 28%. Pulmonary function testing was performed before and at regular time intervals for up to 32 h after test drug administration. Compared to placebo, tiotropium bromide produced significant improvements in FEV1, FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%). The bronchodilator response was almost immediate; peak improvement in FEV1 was reached 1-4 h after test drug inhalation, and the duration of action extended to 32 h after the 20, 40 and 80 micrograms doses. A clear dose-response relationship was seen for peak FEV1 and for the average FEV1 over differing time periods during the 32 h observation period, 80 micrograms of test drug being superior to the 10 micrograms dose. Peak improvement in FEV1 ranged 19-26% of test-day baseline for tiotropium bromide doses compared to 16% for placebo. The large improvement for placebo is probably due to carry-over effect which was significant. After excluding carry-over effect, the peak response to placebo decreased to 11%, whilst for tiotropium bromide doses it ranged 20-25%; standard error for mean difference was about 4%. There was no evidence of systemic anticholinergic effects. In this population of patients with COPD, tiotropium bromide was found to be a safe and long-acting bronchodilator, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship following single dose administration.