tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advantageous Interventions: Will Someone Be Healed?
Authors: Noam Zohar
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

"Advantageous Interventions: Will Someone Be Healed?." The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(8), pp. 32–33 Acknowledgments 1. The uniqueness of moral problems relating to producing people is reflected by the term genethics, coined by David Heyd (Citation1992) as the title for his book, subtitled “moral issues in the creation of people.” Notes A similar point could be made within the authors’ frame of reference, by considering Program Q–, that is, a decision not to enact the genetic repair that averts deafness. If the genetic alteration is deemed to have significance sufficient to affect identity, then failure to enact it would not constitute harm. For a detailed exploration of this issue, see Zohar (Citation1991).
Malaria epidemic expected in Mozambique
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Health experts fear epidemics of several infectious diseases in Mozambique as floods recede and mosquitoes begin breeding. According to Pierre Kahozi of WHO, malaria is already endemic in the region but there are fears that a much greater outbreak might occur. Scores of suspected cases of cholera were reported and more are expected, along with cases of other diarrheal conditions. Neil Cameron, chief director of communicable diseases at the health department in South Africa, said that more cases are expected within a month when the breeding cycle of mosquitoes is renewed. He reported that the number of malaria cases in South Africa increased from 12,000 in 1995 to 50,000 in 1999, and a number of people had been dying from this disease. The increase could be attributed partly to climatic changes and resistance to certain drugs. DDT had been used in the past to control mosquitoes, and it¿s possible that it will be used again in Mozambique. The issues involved in tackling malaria are now being considered as part of a special development initiative on infectious diseases that is being undertaken jointly by the health departments of three countries: South Africa, Mozambique, and Swaziland.
Facial protection and head injuries in ice hockey: a systematic review
Authors: C Asplund, S Bettcher, J Borchers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

To summarise the best available evidence to determine if facial protection reduces head injury in ice hockey.MEDLINE and Cochrane databases through January 2009.Utilising terms: "head injuries," "craniocerebral trauma [MeSH]", "head injuries, closed [MeSH]", head injuries, penetrating [MeSH]", "face mask", "face shield", "visor" and "hockey", 24 articles were identified through our systematic literature search. Of these, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Three independent reviewers reviewed the articles. The study results and generated conclusions were extracted and agreed upon.Studies reviewed suggest that facial protection reduces overall head injuries in ice hockey. Facial protection showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in the number and type of facial injuries. In studies evaluating full facial protection (FFP) versus half facial protection (HFP), FFP offered a significantly higher level of protection against facial injuries and lacerations than HFP (relative risk (RR) 2.31, CI 1.53 to 3.48). There was no significant difference in the rate of concussion (RR 0.97, CI 0.61 to 1.54) or neck injury (CI 0.43 to 3.16) between full and partial protection. In those who sustained concussion players with FFP returned to practice or games sooner than players with partial facial protection (PFP) (1.7 sessions, CI 1.32 to 2.18).There is good evidence that FFP reduces the number and risk of overall head and facial injuries in ice hockey compared with PFP and no facial protection. PFP, while not as protective as FFP, appears to offer more risk reduction than no protection.
Defective glucose metabolism in polycystic kidney disease identifies a new therapeutic strategy
Authors: Isaline Rowe, Marco Chiaravalli, Valeria Mannella, Valeria Ulisse, Giacomo Quilici, Monika Pema, Xuewen W Song, Hangxue Xu, Silvia Mari, Feng Qian, York Pei, Giovanna Musco, Alessandra Boletta
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Child in gene therapy programme develops leukaemia
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A Nigerian judge has ordered the arrests of three Pfizer officials for failing to attend court to respond to criminal charges against Pfizer for treating children with an experimental drug during a deadly meningitis outbreak in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996.Judge Shehu Atiku in Kano ordered arrest warrants for the head of Pfizer in Nigeria, Ngozi Edozien, and the senior officials Lare Baale and Segun Donguro, after they failed to attend court on 6 November.Government prosecutors in Nigeria say that Pfizer used critically ill children as "guinea pigs" to study Pfizer's experimental drug trovafloxacin.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria against Pfizer, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people.Plaintiffs seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €6bn) in civil suits.Pfizer says that it will "vigorously defend itself against the 'untrue allegations' in the government's lawsuits," and it says that the children died from meningitis and not from the drugs.In response to the
Impact of asanas and pranayama on blood oxygen saturation level
Authors: C Ashok
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Consistent practice of yoga postures and pranayama increases the lung's airflow, air capacity, stamina and efficiency. Back bending postures open the chest, improving both lung and heart functions. Upper back bends and chest opening postures relieve hardness if it is harder to exhale during asthma attacks. Forward bends and lower back bending poses relieve difficulty if it is more difficult to inhale. Inverted postures drain excess mucus from the lungs and balance the immune system. A general yoga practice reduces stress, physical tension, and muscle tightness and increases overall feelings of well being by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Blood carries oxygen in two forms, the majority is bound to haemoglobin (oxyhaemoglobin) and the rest is dissolved in the aqueous phase of blood (the plasma). The dissolved fraction is dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen. As the partial pressure increases, the dissolved fraction of oxygen increases. Hence the experimenter was very much interested in studying the effect of asanas and pranayama in blood oxygen saturation level at ear. Thus three groups were studied – control, experimental-I and experimental-II. However the groups were assigned randomly to three conditions namely no treatment, treatment as asanas and treatment as pranayama. The analysis of covariance had been worked out and the obtained F is 3.75 for 2 and 11 df falls short of the critical value of 3.98 at 0.05 level. It was observed from the study that the three groups differ significantly.
Relationship between Arterial Pressure and Exertional Angina Pectoris in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: A. J. GEORGOPOULOS, F. M. SONES, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Seven hypertensive patients, five with coronary arterial disease and two with normal coronary arteries, with exertional angina pectoris and left ventricular hypertrophy were subjected to exercise in the sitting and supine position. The five patients with coronary arterial disease developed, during exercise in both positions, striking arterial pressure elevation followed by angina pectoris and electrocardiographic changes. When the pressor response to exercise was eliminated by intravenous sodium nitroprusside, these were prevented. In the two patients with normal coronary arteries who had orthostatic and exertional hypotension secondary to antihypertensive treatment, exercise in the sitting position caused intense hypotension followed by angina pectoris and electrocardiographic changes. In contrast, exercise in the supine position, which caused only minimal pressure changes, was not followed by angina pectoris. It is concluded that in hypertensive patients with coronary arterial disease, further elevation of arterial pressure during exercise is an important factor in precipitating angina pectoris by increasing cardiac work. In hypertensive patients with normal coronary arteries and exertional hypotension secondary to antihypertensive treatment, marked lowering of arterial pressure during exercise is a factor of importance in producing angina pectoris, probably by reduction of perfusion pressure and coronary flow relative to the hypertrophied left ventricle.
Low-Energy Diets and Prolonged QT Intervals
Authors: Stuart Frank
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent review entitled "Prolonged QT-Interval Syndromes,"<sup>1</sup>the author indicates that "prolongation of the QT interval, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and unexpected sudden death have been reported in patients who have lost considerable weight on the very-low-energy liquid protein diets." Dr Moss states that "sustained use of very-low-energy diets (300 to 400 kcal/d [1260 to 1680 kJ/d]) is dangerous and should be avoided," presumably because they predispose to QT prolongation and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It has not been established whether the QT prolongation and associated malignant ventricular arrhythmias were due to the weight-reduction program, possible associated electrolyte disturbances, or a variety of medications that these patients were taking, or indeed whether the QT prolongation might be due to or associated with the obesity itself, independent of the weight-reduction program.<sup>2</sup>A study of patients with obesity<sup>3</sup>found that 28% of such patients have QT<sub>c</sub>
Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection — What Have We Learned?
Authors: Lawrence Corey, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In this issue of the Journal three important articles appear, with major implications for the clinical management of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).13 Hammer et al.1 and Katzenstein et al.2 describe the clinical and virologic results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175 (ACTG 175), a large trial involving more than 2400 HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts from 200 to 500 cells per cubic millimeter. This trial clearly shows that antiretroviral therapy in such patients delays the progression of disease to AIDS and reduces mortality. Didanosine alone and the combination of zidovudine with didanosine or . . .
Can the Pill Cause Birth Defects?
Authors: James J. Nora, Audrey H. Nora
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Potential establishment of a causal relationship between a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies (vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb, i.e., "VACTERL") and maternal progesterone/estrogen exposure has been made by retrospective and prospective studies. A study providing etiologic evidence between oral contraceptives and birth defects (limb anomalies especially) found only males affected; the proportion of males in another cluster of VACTERL pa tients was also very high (10 out of 15). It was suggested that if oral contraceptives are teratogenic, it is with people who are predisposed. Unlike thalidomide, there is no high risk at each exposure but there are a high number of exposures from widespread use. The importance of eliciting accurate drug exposure histories from mothers is streesed; only 1/3 of the patients who had established exposure to oral contraceptives at a vulnerable embryonic period had this exposure recorded in their charts. It was concluded that hormonal pregnancy tests should be stopped.
BMA's evidence on specialist training.
Authors: D L Miller, L Frankland
Journal: BMJ (1993)

the primary care team's activities.This is proving more taxing, but there have been encouraging signs of support from some people within social services and negotiations are continuing.Development of this exciting innovation is con- tinuing, firmly rooted in the concept that the primary care team must be at the centre of health and social care planning and provision.It must, of course, be responsive to the strategic imperatives of both purchasers and central government, and this is reflected in the annual business plan sub- mitted to purchasers for approval and funding.I believe that the logical extension of this organisational model is the establishment of a primary care NHS trust which would reflect local needs in its planning, use the considerable skills of general practice in needs assessment, and provide greatly increased job satisfaction for those pro- viding health and social care.
Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection
Authors: Fred J. Fleury
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal(241: 1176, 1979), E. Stewart Taylor, MD, recommended treatment of asymptomatic women with evidence of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>on their Papanicolaou smears. It is my belief that treatment should be reserved for those patients in whom infection is confirmed after careful examination and wet smear. Although a few cytological laboratories may be capable of identifying trichomonal infection when present, the majority may not be sufficiently accurate to warrant treatment on the basis of the Papanicolaou smear alone.<sup>1-5</sup>In one study of 666 women with evidence of<i>T vaginalis</i>on their Papanicolaou smears, there was no evidence of the organism on wet smear or culture in 246 (37%) of these patients. Before a physician treats a patient and her consort for<i>T vaginalis</i>infection simply on the basis of her Papanicolaou smear, he should first investigate the accuracy of
Combination of BRAF Inhibitors and Brain Radiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Shows Minimal Acute Toxicity
Authors: Natalia Rompoti, Bastian Schilling, Elisabeth Livingstone, Klaus Griewank, Uwe Hillen, Wolfgang Sauerwein, Christoph Pöttgen, Martin Stuschke, Dirk Schadendorf, Lisa Zimmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Assessment by gadolinium-enhanced MRI 12 weeks after brain radiation.†According to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.02.‡Approximately 70% of the prescribed total dose.§As a result of death 2 months after WBRT.
Mastoiditis and its Complications
Authors: W. M. Munby, R. E. Jowett
Journal: BMJ (1926)

JUY19_06RICXJWA qutietens and is more readily controlled after three or four doses have been well retained.Buit the most dramatic cLange of all is the sudden ceasing of the coloured sputumi.It is not uncommon to see a bright red sputum in the morniing and to find white frotlhy expeetoration in the evening of the same day.Sometimes there is a little free haemorrhage for an hour or so just before this change takes plaee, and as this may alarm piarents or attendants they slhould be warned that it may occur.An hour or two later the sputum may be milky wllite.The pulse.and respirationis settle down according to the course of the temperature, which itself may rise a degree or so before the crisis or lysis sets in.Indications point to mixed infections being rather less
Iodine-131 MIBG Uptake in Hydronephrosis Due to Compression by a Large Adrenal Mass
Authors: SHIRO AKAKI, KOTARO YASUI, NOBUYA SASAI, IZUMI TOGAMI, YOSHIHIRO TAKEDA, YOSHIO HIRAKI, SHUNKO KAKU, HIROMI KUMON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 74-year-old woman underwent I-131 MIBG imaging to rule out or confirm a left adrenal pheochromocytoma. Significant uptake was seen in the left side of the abdomen. Postcontrast coronal MRI revealed that this agent did not accumulate in the mass but rather in the kidney. The left kidney was compressed by the mass and developed hydronephrosis. Accumulation of I-131 MIBG in the left kidney was considered to be due to urinary stasis.
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia Is Associated With Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans
Authors: Ahmed Tawakol, Torbjørn Omland, Marie Gerhard, James T. Wu, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and is prevalent in the elderly. The objective of this study was to determine whether hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Methods and Results High-resolution vascular ultrasonography was used to study endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in a nonatherosclerotic peripheral conduit artery of 26 elderly hyperhomocyst(e)inemic subjects and 15 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal homocysteine levels. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent (nitric oxide–mediated) vasodilation was assessed by measuring the percent change in brachial artery diameter during reactive hyperemia. Endothelium-independent vasodilation was assessed after the administration of 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly impaired in the hyperhomocyst(e)inemic subjects compared with control subjects (3.7±0.6% versus 8.1±1.2%; P =.004), whereas endothelium-independent vasodilation was not different between the two groups (10.1±1.6% versus 9.3±1.5%; P =NS). In a linear regression analysis with serum homocysteine concentration, folic acid, age, sex, cholesterol (serum total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol), mean arterial blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, and baseline brachial artery diameter included as covariates, serum homocysteine concentration emerged as the only significant predictor of flow-mediated vasodilation. Conclusions These data indicate that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans and suggest that the bioavailability of nitric oxide is decreased in hyperhomocyst(e)inemic humans. ( . 1997;95:1119-1121.)
Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Decade of Progress
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In May 1980, current knowledge of cardiac arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic therapy was presented in a medical symposium held at Stanford University under the direction of Dr Donald C. Harrison and sponsored by the Astra Pharmaceutical Co. Forty-eight different presentations from that symposium, reflecting important advances in the understanding of cardiac arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic therapy since 1970, have been compiled by Harrison in<i>Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Decade of Progress</i>. The text contains 16 sections reviewing the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias, the theoretical basis of antiarrhythmic drug action, the use of new antiarrhythmic drugs, drug interactions, electrophysiological studies, electrical therapy, and surgery for cardiac arrhythmias. The efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in acute myocardial infarction and the surgical approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias are especially well discussed. Seven chapters are devoted to tocainide therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, reflecting the special interest of Astra Pharmaceutical Co. Controversies regarding electrophysiological mapping
Mutations in NMNAT1 cause Leber congenital amaurosis and identify a new disease pathway for retinal degeneration
Authors: Robert K Koenekoop, Hui Wang, Jacek Majewski, Xia Wang, Irma Lopez, Huanan Ren, Yiyun Chen, Yumei Li, Gerald A Fishman, Mohammed Genead, Jeremy Schwartzentruber, Naimesh Solanki, Elias I Traboulsi, Jingliang Cheng, Clare V Logan, Martin McKibbin, Bruce E Hayward, David A Parry, Colin A Johnson, Mohammed Nageeb, James A Poulter, Moin D Mohamed, Hussain Jafri, Yasmin Rashid, Graham R Taylor, Vafa Keser, Graeme Mardon, Huidan Xu, Chris F Inglehearn, Qing Fu, Carmel Toomes, Rui Chen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
The Rape of the Phallus —A Sequel
Authors: Abraham M. Lilienfeld
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reading Dr. W. K. C. Morgan's entertaining essay on circumcision, I too was surprised that he did not mention the possible protective effect of circumcision with regard to cancer of the cervix. Although Dr. Morgan may feel that the present evidence is inconclusive, it is a sufficiently important area to warrant consideration in any evaluation of the possible beneficial effects of circumcision. The present status of this issue has been recently reviewed by Aitken-Swan and Baird<sup>1</sup>and Clemmesen.<sup>2</sup>Epidemiological studies have indicated that there is a lower frequency of cervical cancer among Jewish women, although not entirely absent, and also among Moslem women.<sup>2,3</sup>These findings have suggested the protective effect of circumcision. In addition, cervical cancer is more frequent among married women, among women who marry at an early age, among prostitutes, among those who have syphilis, and it is reported as being
Clinical significance of specific IgG4 to Pachycondyla Chinensis in exposed subjects
Authors: Young-Mok Lee, Mi-Kyung Kim, Hyun-Ah Kim, Jung-Hee Choi, Yu-Jin Suh, Dong-Ho Nahm, Hae-Sim Park, You-Sook Cho, Hee-Bom Moon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Hemodialysis in Chlordiazepoxide Toxicity
Authors: Iluminado A. Cruz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A 43-year-old woman underwent hemodialysis for excessive ingestion of a number of drugs including chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium), barbiturates, ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), and alcohol. During the dialysis the patient improved, and the plasma level of chlordiazepoxide decreased, which suggested that hemodialysis can be used to remove this drug from the body.
Combination Pill for Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Simon Thom, Anthony Rodgers
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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