tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in the community
Authors: Catarina Lacerda, Rui Rolo, Marina Majar, João Filipe Cruz, Cecília Pacheco, João Cunha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: The  P. aeruginosa  pneumonia acquired in a non-hospital environment (Community-Acquired Pneumonia [CAP] and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia [HCAP]) is a growing threat whose correct diagnosis can lead to a better outcome and prognosis. Purpose: Assessment of the epidemiological, clinical, radiological and therapeutic approach of patients with Pseudomonas pneumonia acquired in a non-hospital environment. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted with of  P. aeruginosa  CAP and HCAP according to ATS/IDSA 2005 criteria. Results: Sixty eight patients were included: 10 (14.7%) with CAP and 58 (86.3%) with HCAP. Mean age was 75.4 years and 58,8% were males. Sixty patients (88.2%) were partially or totally care dependent. Comorbidity index ( Charlson  comorbidity index adjusted for age) was ≥ 6 in half of the sample. At hospital admission, patients presented a CURB-65 score ≥ 3 in 42 patients (61.7%) and a Pneumonia Severity Index IV/V in 63 patients (92.6%).Chest radiography showed alveolar infiltrates in 66 patients: lower lung lobes predominance (68,2%) and focal pattern (59.1%). Identification of the infectious agent was mostly performed in microbiological examination of sputum (58 patients, 85.3%); in blood cultures and BAL/bronchial aspirate, respectively, in 8 (11.8%) and 7 (10.3%) patients. Initial antibiotic regimen was changed in 37 patients (54.4%) and had Pseudomonas coverage in 41 patiens (60.3%), with Piperacillin/Tazobactam being the first choice in 22 patients (53.6%). The mortality rate was 13.2%. Conclusion:  P. aeruginosa  pneumonia acquired in a non-hospital environment, is associated to patients with high level of dependency and comorbidities and usually presents with clinically severe disease.
Autogenous Immunity to Endogenous RNA Tumor Virus: Reactivity of Natural Immune Sera to Antigenic Determinants of Several Biologically Distinct Murine Leukemia Viruses 2
Authors: John C. Lee, James N. Ihle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Sera from normal (C57BL/6XC3H/Anf)F1(B6C3F1) mice reacted with several biologically distinct murine leukemia virus(es) (MuLV) by radioimmune precipitation assays with the use of purified tritiated leucine-labeled virus. The reactivities of this natural antibody to viral envelope antigens of two laboratory strains (Rauscher and Moloney) and two endogenous mouse C-type viruses (AKR and BALB:virus-2) were further analyzed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar patterns of antibody reactivities to AKR MuLV and the two member viruses of the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher group were found. Three major antigenic determinants of the virus envelope, gp71, gp43, and p15, were recognized by and precipitated natural antibody. In all viruses examined, normal B6C3F1 sera precipitated comparable amounts of gp71 and gp43. However, compared with the other viruses, the amount of p15 (relative to the glycoproteins) precipitating from BALB:virus-2 was significantly lower. This appears to be due to a lesser amount of p15 on the xenotropic virus. While heterologous antisera to purified gp71 and p15 of MuLV reacted to a certain degree with rhabdomyosarcoma virus 114 and rat leukemia virus, natural mouse antibody did not. These results suggest that MuLV have common antigenic determinants recognized by natural antibody, and that the reactivities of natural antibody in an autogenous immune response are restrictive in contrast to immune antibody produced in a heterologous host.
BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
Authors: 김주현, 최명애, 김윤경, 김진학, 김희승, 박미정, 신기수, 안경주, 이윤미, 이경숙, 정재심, 채영란, 홍해숙
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Purpose : This study was to examine the frequency, distribution and characteristics of researches using biological measurement published from 2000 to 2004 in 10 major nursing journals in Korea.
  Design: Literature analysis
  Method: Journals including papers using biological measurements, publishing year, research design and outcome variables were analyzed.
  Results:
  1. Researches using biological measurement were 318(13.3%).
  2. Researches using biological measurement in the Korean Academy of Nursing were highest(97papers, 17.5%) among the nursing journals. The proportion of papers using biological measurement to total number of papers was the highest in the Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science as 77.3% (51papers).
  3. The 233 papers(73.3%) were experimental researches among 318 papers using biological measurement which showed the highest proportion.
  4. Patients were highest subjects of researches using biological measurement(197papers, 61.9%).
  5. Blood test was most frequently used as physiological variables from 2001 to 2004.
  Conclusion; Researches using biological measurement of 10 Korean Nursing Journals in year 2000-year 2004 were very low. We need more researches using biological measurement to provide more objective evidence for nursing practice.
Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal carriage among children: molecular microbial data and clinical characteristics
Authors: G. Sdougkos, V. Chini, D.A. Papanastasiou, G. Christodoulou, E. Stamatakis, A. Vris, I. Christodoulidi, G. Protopapadakis, I. Spiliopoulou
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Immunoperoxidase Localization of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Normal Human Intestinal Mucosa&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F J Primus, C A Clark, D M Goldenburg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The indirect, labeled antibody and peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) methods were studied to determine their sensitivity in detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in conventionally processed specimens of morphologically normal human colon mucosa. CEA-positive staining was demonstrated in 13 of 19 specimens reacted with the PAP method, whereas only 4 of these specimens stained positive with the labeled antibody procedure. Detection of CEA with either technique was unrelated to normal mucosa content of antigen as determined by radioimmunoassay. Tissue fixation in 95% ethanol 1% acetic acid (EA) resulted in an enhanced and defined cytoplasmic staining of the normal colon cell lining the mucosal surface and upper levels of the glandular crypts. Cytoplasmic localization in Formalin-fixed specimens was absent or markedly reduced. Colon goblet cells and the small intestinal epithelium were CEA-negative in both Formalin- and EA-fixed specimens. These results show that the PAP immunoperoxidase method is more sensitive than the indirect, labeled antibody procedure in detecting CEA in morphologically normal colon mucosa. Furthermore, staining of tissues fixed in EA demonstrated that CEA is a product of the columnar epithelial cell and is not associated with goblet cells.
Nonhematopoietic Neoplasms in Cats
Authors: A K Patnaik, S K Liu, A I Hurvitz, A J McClelland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

In a study of 3,145 feline necropsies conducted for 11 years by the pathology department of The Animal Medical Center, 289 tumors of nonhematopoietic origin were found in 264 cats. Malignant and epithelial tumors were more common than benign or mesenchymal tumors in all ages and breeds, and in both sexes. They were also more common in female cats than in males, even after mammary neoplasms were excluded. Analysis of groups of tumors according to their tissue of origin indicated some sex and breed dispositions not observed before. Pulmonary carcinomas and osteosarcomas were more frequent in domestic short haired cats than in other breeds, whereas intestinal carcinomas occurred more often in Siamese cats. Female predominated in pulmonary carcinomas, hemangiosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, but males outnumbered the females in intestinal carcinomas.
Biomarkers for intracellular pathogens: establishing tools as vaccine and therapeutic endpoints for visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: A.C. Vallur, M.S. Duthie, C. Reinhart, Y. Tutterrow, S. Hamano, K.R.H. Bhaskar, R.N. Coler, D. Mondal, S.G. Reed
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Interlaboratory Evaluation of a New Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Circulating Melanoma Cells: A Multicenter Study of the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: U. Reinhold, C. Berkin, A.-K. Bosserhoff, A. Deutschmann, C. Garbe, R. Gläser, R. Hein, G. Krähn, R. U. Peter, G. Rappl, B. Schittek, S. Seiter, S. Ugurel, M. Volkenandt, W. Tilgen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based detection of tyrosinase mRNA is the most frequently used laboratory method for the detection of circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients. However, previously published results showed considerable variability in the PCR positivity rates.We designed a collaborative study to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical relevance of a new standardized RT-PCR-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of circulating melanoma cells. Blood samples of healthy donors mixed with cells of a melanoma cell line were prepared in a blinded fashion, and aliquots were sent to seven participating laboratories experienced in RT-PCR.The results demonstrate a high sensitivity (1 melanoma cell/mL blood) and specificity (no false-negatives and 7.4% [2 of 28] false-positives) of the assay and a satisfactory rate of interlaboratory reproducibility. The analysis of aliquots of blinded samples derived from 60 melanoma patients identified tyrosinase mRNA in 17 of 60 (28.3%): three (20%) of 15 stage I patients, two (13.3%) of 15 stage II patients, five (35.7%) of 14 stage III patients, and seven (43.8%) of 16 stage IV patients. The interlaboratory reproducibility of positive samples, however, was extremely low and indicates the presence of low amounts of target mRNA.Reverse transcriptase-PCR ELISA has a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of tyrosinase mRNA in peripheral blood cells. The low interlaboratory reproducibility for the detection of tumor cells in blood samples of melanoma patients, however, raises the question of relevance of this assay for clinical use.
Acute and chronic effects of PDE5-Is on SpO2 in patients with COPD associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Andrew Goudie, Pippa Hopkinson, Brian Lipworth, Allan Struthers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Pulmonary hypertension as a complication of COPD negatively influences important outcomes such as mortality, hospitalisation and exercise capacity. The use of PDE5-Is to treat PH in this patient group is currently being explored but concerns persist regarding PDE5-I induced V/Q mismatch as occurs with Bosentan.  Aims  To determine the acute and chronic effects of PDE5-Is on SpO2 in patients with COPD-PH  Methods  Results from the 3P trial were used, comprised of patients with moderate-severe COPD and echo defined PH. A single dose of sildenafil 50mg was given to 120 patients. Resting SpO2 was recorded at 0,30,60,120,180mins. All patients had read an information leaflet stating common SEs and were asked to report any. Resting SpO2 was also assessed in the main study cohort at 0 and 12 weeks following once daily tadalafil 10mg or matched placebo (60 per arm).  Results  The figure shows sildenafil9s acute effects on SpO2 over time.  One patient (0.8%) felt increased breathlessness. Two patients (1.7%) felt less breathless. SpO2 did not however change significantly between active/placebo groups following 12 weeks of daily tadalafil, mean Δ -0.91% and -0.70% respectively (p=0.543).  Conclusions  Significant SpO2 changes during acute sildenafil dosing strongly suggest transient asymptomatic V/Q mismatch. Chronic daily tadalafil dosing had no significant effect on SpO2 suggesting that significant V/Q mismatch did not occur.
Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a proposal for uniform evaluation, response, and staging criteria. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee.
Authors: S E Krown, C Metroka, J C Wernz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

The availability of uniform and precise criteria for disease evaluation, response to treatment, and clinical staging of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in individuals with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) would facilitate therapeutic trials in patients with this neoplasm. Recently, a group of oncologists conducting clinical trials in patients with AIDS-associated KS as part of a cooperative group established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) drafted such criteria. The criteria take into account the unique problems associated with the evaluation of patients with a disseminated cutaneous neoplasm in the setting of a systemic virus infection associated with immune deficiency. The recommendations include a standardized format for documenting the extent of KS on initial and subsequent evaluations, response definitions that include assessments of lesion nodularity and tumor-associated edema in addition to more traditional methods for evaluating tumor response, and a new staging system that includes extent of tumor, immune status, and other AIDS-related disease manifestations, akin to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system used to stage other tumors. The adoption of standardized criteria for the evaluation of KS should prove useful for group trials and for other investigators involved in the treatment of this disease.
Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Liver Disease: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Swetha Rudraiah, Xi Zhang, Li Wang
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016)

Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that play diverse roles in cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and metabolism and are associated with numerous liver pathologies such as cancer, steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cholestasis, and xenobiotic/drug-induced liver injury. The network of target proteins associated with NRs is extremely complex, comprising coregulators, small noncoding microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. The importance of NRs as targets of liver disease is exemplified by the number of NR ligands that are currently used in the clinics or in clinical trials with promising results. Understanding the regulation by NR during pathophysiological conditions, and identifying ligands for orphan NR, points to a potential therapeutic approach for patients with liver diseases. An overview of complex NR metabolic networks and their pharmacological implications in liver disease is presented here.
Specialized collagen mRNA and secreted collagens in human glomerular epithelial, mesangial, and tubular cells.
Authors: J I Scheinman, H Tanaka, M Haralson, S L Wang, O Brown
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Isolated glomeruli and cultured cells were examined under nonmitogenic conditions by Northern hybridization of steady-state mRNA levels for procollagens alpha 1(I), alpha 1(III), alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), beta-actin, and fibronectin. Procollagens concurrently secreted from these cells were characterized after limited pepsin digestion. Poly(A)-mRNA from freshly isolated whole porcine glomeruli was primarily type IV. For cultured glomerular and tubular epithelial cells, the collagen mRNA species were almost exclusively alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV). Correspondingly, the secreted collagen was almost entirely type IV. The mRNA signals for collagens in glomerular mesangial cells included alpha 1(I), alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), and less alpha 1(III). The secreted collagens were also types I and IV, with less types III and V. There were similar patterns of mRNA signal levels for the two type IV collagens and similar patterns of expression of alpha 1(I) and alpha 1(III). In situ hybridization showed the fibroblast and epithelial cell populations homogeneous in expressing the same mRNA signals seen by Northern hybridization. These findings establish the correlation of collagen mRNA and protein expression of collagens in differentiated glomerular cells in culture, under resting nonmitotic conditions.
Ultraviolet B radiation and reactive oxygen species modulate interleukin-31 expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells
Authors: C. Cornelissen, R. Brans, K. Czaja, C. Skazik, Y. Marquardt, G. Zwadlo-Klarwasser, A. Kim, D.R. Bickers, J. Lüscher-Firzlaff, B. Lüscher, J.M. Baron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Background Interleukin (IL)-31 is a novel Th2 T-cell cytokine that induces pruritus and dermatitis in transgenic mice. While enhanced mRNA expression of this cytokine is detected in skin samples of inflammatory skin diseases, the regulation of IL-31 expression is poorly understood. Objectives To assess the effects of ultraviolet (UV) B radiation and H2O2 on IL-31 mRNA and protein expression in skin and different peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods The effects of UVB radiation and H2O2, as a prototypic reactive oxygen species, on IL-31 mRNA and protein expression were analysed in various inflammation-related cells and murine skin tissue. Results Treatment of cells with UVB radiation and H2O2 strongly induced IL-31 mRNA and protein expression in human PBMCs and in the skin of SKH-1 mice. Following exposure to UVB or H2O2, we observed increased expression of IL-31 mRNA in T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and immature and especially mature dendritic cells. H2O2 treatment but not UVB radiation led to a moderate upregulation of IL-31 mRNA expression in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Pretreatment of T lymphocytes with the MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580 or the MEK1 inhibitor U0126 reduced the stimulatory effect of H2O2. These experiments suggest that p38 is involved in the regulation of IL-31 expression in human skin. Conclusions Our studies reveal that UVB and reactive oxygen species stimulate the expression of IL-31 in PBMCs and skin, especially in T cells, monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Clinical features, outcome, and prognostic factors for survival and evolution to multiple myeloma of solitary plasmacytomas: A report of the Greek myeloma study group in 97 patients
Authors: Eirini Katodritou, Evangelos Terpos, Argiris S. Symeonidis, Anastasia Pouli, Charikleia Kelaidi, Marie‐Christine Kyrtsonis, Maria Kotsopoulou, Sosana Delimpasi, Anna Christoforidou, Nikolaos Giannakoulas, Nora‐Athina Viniou, Ekaterini Stefanoudaki, Christina Hadjiaggelidou, Dimitrios Christoulas, Evgenia Verrou, Vassiliki Gastari, Sofia Papadaki, Genovefa Polychronidou, Athina Papadopoulou, Evlambia Giannopoulou, Efstathios Kastritis, Alexandra Kouraklis, Pavlina Konstantinidou, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos Zervas, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the presence of bone or extramedullary plasma cell tumors. The treatment of choice is local radiotherapy (R/T) ± surgical excision. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (C/T) or novel agents (NA) is uncertain. Data related to prognostic factors are inconclusive. Herein, we describe the clinical features, survival and prognosis of 97 consecutive patients, 65 with bone SP (SBP), and 32 with extramedullary SP (SEP), diagnosed and treated in 12 Greek Myeloma Centers. Objective response rate (≥PR) and complete response (CR) was 91.8% and 61.9%, respectively, and did not differ between the 2 groups. Overall, 38 patients relapsed or progressed to multiple myeloma (MM). After a median follow-up of 60 months, 5 and 10-year overall survival (OS) probability was 92% and 89% in SEP and 86% and 69% in SBP, respectively (P = 0.2). The 5- and 10-year MM-free survival (MMFS) probability was 90% and 70% for patients with SEP vs. 59% and 50% for patients with SBP, respectively (P = 0.054). Overall, the 5- and 10-year OS probability, plasmacytoma relapse-free survival (PRFS), progression-free survival and MMFS was 84% and 78%, 72% and 58%, 58% and 43%, and 70% and 59%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, prolonged PRFS and young age were positive predictors of OS. Achievement of CR was the only positive predictor of PRFS. Immunoparesis was the only negative predictor of progression to MM. The addition of C/T or NA-based treatment increased toxicity without offering any survival advantage over R/T.
A four-drug combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, mitomycin, vindesine and 5-fluorouracil
Authors: J. Klastersky, J.P. Sculier, F. Ries, G. Dabouis, P. Libert, J. Schmerber, J. Thiriaux, M.C. Berchier, G. Bureau, O. Van Cutsem, A. Tagnon, R. Sergysels, P. Mommen, M. Paesmans
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Combined modality induction therapy without maintenance chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Authors: R Feld, W K Evans, G DeBoer, I C Quirt, F A Shepherd, J L Yeoh, J F Pringle, D G Payne, J G Herman, D Chamberlain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

One hundred fifty-three patients with limited and 167 with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) were evaluable for response to treatment with six courses of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine), irradiation to intrathoracic disease, and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). No maintenance chemotherapy was given. Fifty-two percent of patients with limited disease (LD) and 10% of extensive disease patients (ED) achieved a complete response. The median survival times for LD and ED patients were 49 and 34 weeks, respectively. These results were compared to a previous experience with 147 patients who were treated with three courses of similar induction chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation, as well as one year of maintenance chemotherapy (CCNU, procarbazine, and methotrexate) but without PCI. Although the use of PCI was found to reduce the frequency of brain metastases as the site of first relapse, detailed comparisons of response rates and survival showed no significant differences between the two study populations. Prolonged maintenance chemotherapy of the type used in the first study does not favorably influence outcome after intensive induction therapy for SCCL.