tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MODIFIED CRILE ARTERY CLAMP, PERMITTING BOTH SCREW AND DIRECT PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT.
Authors: FREDERIC WADE HITCHINGS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The fact that the temporary closure of blood vessels by means of instrumental compression requires careful regulation of the pressure employed is fully recognized in the idea embodied in the Crile artery clamp. In this instrument the pressure brought to bear on the vessel is regulated by means of a small thumb screw acting against a spring resistance. In order either to apply or to remove this clamp the thumb-screw must be turned several times, the number depending on the size of the vessel and the thickness of its wall. This is the antithesis of the non-adjustable spring clamp commonly used in experimental work which may be instantly applied or removed by compressing it with the thumb and forefinger, but which always has the same pressure whether too strong or too weak, and which is, therefore, entirely unsuited to clinical work. As a result of clinical observation and of work
Hypertonic saline challenge in an epidemiologic survey of asthma in children.
Authors: J Riedler, T Reade, M Dalton, D Holst, C Robertson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of a 4.5% hypertonic saline challenge for a diagnosis of asthma, we studied 393 schoolchildren (13 to 15 yr of age) with "current wheeze," "former wheeze," and without history of wheeze in a community-based, cross-sectional survey. These children were selected from 2.836 schoolchildren in 26 schools in greater Melbourne, Australia who completed a self-administered questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Three hundred eighty-two of 393 children successfully completed a 4.5% hypertonic saline challenge with increasing inhalation periods, and 365 of 393 performed a 6-min standardized, free running exercise challenge. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline was 20.4%. Sensitivity and specificity for the hypertonic saline challenge to identify children with "current wheeze" were 47% and 92% respectively and for the exercise challenge, 46% and 88%. The agreement of response to hypertonic saline and to exercise was only moderate (kappa = 0.43). Factors associated with increased response to hypertonic saline in a multivariate logistic regression model were a history of "current wheeze," hay fever, response to the exercise challenge, female sex, and a lower baseline predicted FEV1. These results suggest that a 4.5% hypertonic saline challenge shows sensitivity and specificity similar to a standardized exercise challenge and pharmacologic challenges and a higher sensitivity than cold air hyperventilation and distilled water to identify asthma in children in a field study. Measurement of responsiveness to hypertonic saline may be of value as an objective marker of asthma to compare prevalence studies of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and of asthma over time and between countries.
Listening to Viral Tongues: Comparing Viral Trees Using a Stochastic Context-Free Grammar
Authors: A. Rzhetsky
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

We suggest a probabilistic method for comparing the topological features of large phylogenetic trees. Using this method, we demonstrate that a stochastic grammar can generate three influenza-subtype (A H1, A H3, and B) hemagglutinin trees used in an earlier study, with statistically similar parameters. The proposed methodology is applicable to a broad class of problems that require comparison of the topological properties of various dendrograms.
The prevalence of common skin conditions in Australian school students: 4 Tinea pedis
Authors: K Merlin, M Kilkenny, A Plunkett, R Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Tinea pedis is a condition that is common, often undiagnosed and frequently inadequately treated. It is reported as being rare in young children, but there are relatively few population-based reports of prevalence. A randomized sample of 2491 students from schools throughout the State of Victoria, Australia, were examined by dermatologists and dermatology registrars, who recorded clinical signs suggestive of tinea pedis, which were then confirmed by fungal culture. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of culture-proven tinea pedis was 5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.58–6.82] increasing with age from 2.1% (95% CI 0.95–3.28) in 4–6 year olds to 9.7% (95% CI 5.21–14.26) in 16–18 year olds. A higher proportion of males (6.0%) had tinea pedis than females (4.3%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were the most common dermatophytes isolated on culture. Less than 40% of those with a positive diagnosis had reported on the questionnaire that they had tinea. Of those who reported correctly that they had tinea, 75% had used one or more products to treat their condition, of which more than 40% were classified as unlikely to have any therapeutic effect on tinea pedis. These data confirm that tinea pedis, a potentially transmissible disease, is common in Australian schoolchildren, including those in primary school. There is a need for education programmes in schools on the nature of tinea pedis, the treatment available, and the public health approach to infection control within the school and home environment.
Characterization and partial purification of the Croatian national standard <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> allergen extract
Authors: A. Tresščcec, T. Kolevska, B. Cvorišsšcec, B. Krnić, A. Stipić‐Marković, Z. Tudman, D. Dekaris
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Lyophilized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( Der p ) allergen extract (AE) and partially purified Der p extract (PAE) Were Prepared and characterized. Partial purification of AE was performed by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐1OO and Sephacryl S‐300. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) disclosed the same precipitating lines in AE and PAE preparations. The relative potencies of AE and PAE were determined and compared with the WHO International Standard for Der p by the RAST inhibition method. The potencies were 6.5 × 10 5 IU and 1.5 × 10 6 IU, respectively. Biologic standardization by quantitative skin testing was performed with AE (20 selected patients) and PAE (12 patients). Median C h was calculated by linear regression analysis (log‐log model). One ampoule of AE contained 65 300 BU and 1 ml (vial) of PAE contained 166000 BU. Der p AE could serve as a Croatian national standard for further production of Der p allergenic extracts.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa-2b.
Authors: M Piazza, R Orlando, G Tosone, D Tiseo, M C Conte, F Minervini, G Santoro, F Scordino, D Vitale
Journal: Gut (1993)

In a study of 87 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 12 months9 treatment with interferon alfa-2b at a dose of 6 million units (MU) three times per week seemed to be more effective than treatment with 3 MU three times a week for two months plus 1.5 MU three times a week for 10 months in increasing the percentage of long term responders. The percentage of patients in whom alanine amino-transferase activities returned to normal was highest in the 6 MU group, as was the percentage of responders who sustained this normal activity after treatment. Side effects were moderate and self-limited in most patients.
C3-mediated cytoadherence. Formation of C3 receptor aggregates as prerequisite for cell attachment.
Authors: M P Dierich, R A Reisfeld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Inhibition of free movement of C3 receptors by either applying low temperature (3 degrees C) or fixing the cell surfce of lymphocytes with glutaraldehyde (2 times 10(-5) to 2 times 10(-1)%) results in loss of firm attachment of EAC142 3b cells to the lympocytes as demonstrated here by loss of rosette formation of Raji lymphoid cells. Under the same conditions soluble C3 can still bind but is unable to induce aggregation of C3 receptors into small patches. It is suggested that the local increase of C3 receptor density by aggregation is a prerequisite for C3-dependent cytoadherence. Microaggregation of corresponding receptor sites may be essential also in other recognition systems.
Care of Serious Trauma in Southern Sweden
Authors: Charles F. Frey
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Ottosson and Krantz<sup>1</sup>in a retrospective review of all deaths from motor vehicle accidents in 1981 in southern Sweden concluded only three of 159 were preventable. They attributed their excellent results to a decentralized prehospital and hospital system of care. Before examining the features of the Swedish system of trauma care that might have application in the United States, we ought to scrutinize the claim made by the authors that only three of 159 deaths were preventable. The subjective determination as to whether a death was preventable, nonpreventable, or possibly preventable was made by the authors, all experienced forensic pathologists, using the delphi technique. Their judgments were buttressed through use of the Abbreviated Injury Scale 80 (AIS 80) and its injury severity counterpart, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) developed by Susan Baker. The absence of general surgeons or neurosurgeons among the authors of this report and the authors' decision
Solitary Pancreas Transplantation: Experience with 62 consecutive cases
Authors: Robert J Stratta, Lamont G Weide, Rakesh Sindhi, Debra Sudan, John T Jerius, Jennifer L Larsen, Kathleen Cushing, Martin T Grune, Stanley J Radio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of solitary pancreas transplantation in the treatment of IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A single-center retrospective case series of 62 consecutive solitary pancreas transplants (20 sequential pancreas after kidney, 42 pancreas transplants alone) performed in 57 adult IDDM patients was studied. Indications for solitary pancreas transplantation were 1) the presence of two or more overt diabetic complications and/or 2) glucose hyperlability with hypoglycemic unawareness and impaired quality of life. The recipient group consisted of 31 men and 26 women with a mean age of 38 years (range 25–62) and a mean duration of diabetes of 26 years (range 14–52). Mean pretransplant glycohemoglobin level was 9.9 ± 2.6%. Organ acceptance was restricted to ideal donors and man-dated a minimum of a two-antigen match (mean human leukocyte antigen ABDR match 2.7). The mean cold ischemia time was 16.6 h. Whole-organ pancreas transplantation was performed with bladder drainage by the duodenal segment technique. All patients were managed with either triple or quadruple immunosuppression. Monitoring included prospective urine cytology as well as cystoscopic transduodenal needle biopsies. RESULTS The mean length of initial hospital stay was 18 days, and mean hospital charges were $106,341. The incidences of rejection, infection, and surgical complications were 70, 55, and 47%, respectively. Overall patient and graft survival rates were 86 and 52%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 28 months. All patients with functioning grafts had excellent metabolic control (mean glycohemoglobin level 5.1%) and achieved good rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Despite morbidity, solitary pancreas transplantation can be performed with improving success, can enhance quality of life, and can offer an opportunity to arrest secondary diabetic complications.
Introducing Misha Rosenbach, MD, Section Editor for JAMA Dermatology Patient Page
Authors: June K. Robinson, Jeffrey P. Callen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Clinical Management of Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Robert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This useful and modest book, written for physicians and other clinicians working with patients who are nicotine dependent, has short chapters dealing with the truly remarkable range of techniques now being used to help people quit tobacco use. There are chapters on behavior therapy and on the use of acupuncture, hypnosis, silver acetate, nicotine gum and patches, clonidine, and other specific methods, as well as on outpatient, inpatient, and mutual-aid approaches to the problem. Other chapters deal with the history of tobacco use and the societal and biological factors that promote or inhibit it. Each chapter is a self-contained essay written by an expert. The reader is left with two conflicting impressions. First, most of the 50 million Americans who have quit tobacco use in the last two decades did so without the benefit of any program or treatment, and second, none of these modern treatments has been shown to
Open Heart: The Radical Surgeons Who Revolutionized Medicine
Authors: Fred A. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recalibrating Medicare Payments for Inpatient Care
Authors: Paul B. Ginsburg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

On August 1, 2006, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) took a small but important step toward improving the accuracy of Medicare payment rates for inpatient hospital care. Some media accounts downplayed the move, noting that the final changes to the payment rates were much more modest than those proposed in April. Nonetheless, the final rule starts a process that — if it is followed through in 2007 and 2008 — could lead to the most important modifications since Medicare instituted the inpatient prospective payment system more than 20 years ago. The changes are meant to better align . . .
SIGNIFICANCE OF UNILATERAL DILATATION AND FIXATION OF PUPIL IN SEVERE SKULL INJURIES
Authors: EMILE HOLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

No problem in emergency surgery presents greater difficulties of decision than the care of patients who are unconscious following fractures and injuries of the skull. The reasons for these difficulties are many. The occurrence of contralateral brain injury by "contrecoup," the fallacy of interpreting external damage (or absence of it) as an indication of the extent and location of the internal injury, the wide varieties of internal damage that may occur, and the relative greater or lesser importance of such damage according to its location, all combine to make standardization of the procedure to be followed quite impossible. On occasions, rare but nevertheless of sufficient frequency that their occurrence must be constantly borne in mind, the slightest delay in surgical intervention may place the patient beyond relief. One such experience stands out with particular vividness. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A young baseball player was hit on the side of the head by
Targeting the JMJD2 Histone Demethylases to Epigenetically Control Herpesvirus Infection and Reactivation from Latency
Authors: Yu Liang, Jodi L. Vogel, Jesse H. Arbuckle, Ganesha Rai, Ajit Jadhav, Anton Simeonov, David J. Maloney, Thomas M. Kristie
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Chromatin and the chromatin modulation machinery not only provide a regulatory matrix for enabling cellular functions such as DNA replication and transcription but also regulate the infectious cycles of many DNA viruses. Elucidation of the components and mechanisms involved in this regulation is providing targets for the development of new antiviral therapies. Initiation of infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) requires the activity of several cellular chromatin modification enzymes including the histone demethylases LSD1 and the family of JMJD2 proteins that promote transcriptional activation of the initial set of viral genes. Depletion of the JMJD2 members or inhibition of their activity with a new drug results in repression of expression of viral immediate early genes and abrogation of infection. This inhibitor also represses the reactivation of HSV from the latent state in sensory neurons. Like HSV, the β-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus also requires the activity of LSD1 and the JMJD2s to initiate infection, thus demonstrating the potential of this chromatin-based inhibitor to be useful against a variety of different viruses.
Synaptically Induced Long-Term Modulation of Electrical Coupling in the Inferior Olive
Authors: Alexandre Mathy, Beverley A. Clark, Michael Häusser
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Electrical coupling mediated by gap junctions is widespread in the mammalian CNS, and the interplay between chemical and electrical synapses on the millisecond timescale is crucial for determining patterns of synchrony in many neural circuits. Here we show that activation of glutamatergic synapses drives long-term depression of electrical coupling between neurons of the inferior olive. We demonstrate that this plasticity is not triggered by postsynaptic spiking alone and that it requires calcium entry following synaptic NMDA receptor activation. These results reveal that glutamatergic synapses can instruct plasticity at electrical synapses, providing a means for excitatory inputs to homeostatically regulate the long-term dynamics of microzones in olivocerebellar circuits.
Truncated forms of DNA-binding estrogen receptors in human breast cancer.
Authors: G K Scott, P Kushner, J L Vigne, C C Benz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The likelihood a breast cancer will respond to antiestrogen therapy depends on the tumor content of immunoreactive or ligand-binding estrogen receptor (ER). To investigate the failure of many ER-positive breast cancers to respond to antiestrogen therapy, we examined by gel-shift assay the ability of tumor ER to bind its cognate estrogen response element (ERE). Analysis of 38 primary breast cancers showed that some tumors containing abundant immunoreactive ER failed to demonstrate DNA binding ER. In many other ER-positive tumors, the fraction of DNA binding ER was low and consisted primarily of truncated receptor forms, which on Western analysis were revealed to be 50 kD homodimers and 67-50 kD ER heterodimers. The use of protease inhibitors during tumor extraction and the demonstration of nuclear-localizing ER and ERE-binding COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) protein in these tumors indicated that the truncated forms of ER were likely present in vivo. The presence of intact DNA binding ER correlated with higher tumor content of immunoreactive sex steroid receptors (ER and/or PR), standard predictors of tumor responsiveness to antiestrogen, suggesting that loss or truncation of DNA binding ER may be an important prognostic parameter accounting for some forms of clinical resistance to antiestrogen therapy.
Coordination of cardiac transplantation: patient processing and donor organ procurement.
Authors: F D Davis
Journal: Circulation (1987)

As cardiac transplantation has evolved into a viable therapeutic option for some terminally ill patients with end-stage heart disease, the role of clinical transplant and donor organ procurement coordinators has evolved into a new health profession. These well-trained, highly skilled, and dedicated individual's permeate all levels of the organ transplantation process, providing continuity of care and smoothness to a complicated path of operation.
Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia
Authors: Olivo Miotto, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Magnus Manske, Bronwyn MacInnis, Susana Campino, Kirk A Rockett, Chanaki Amaratunga, Pharath Lim, Seila Suon, Sokunthea Sreng, Jennifer M Anderson, Socheat Duong, Chea Nguon, Char Meng Chuor, David Saunders, Youry Se, Chantap Lon, Mark M Fukuda, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Abraham V O Hodgson, Victor Asoala, Mallika Imwong, Shannon Takala-Harrison, François Nosten, Xin-zhuan Su, Pascal Ringwald, Frédéric Ariey, Christiane Dolecek, Tran Tinh Hien, Maciej F Boni, Cao Quang Thai, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, David J Conway, Abdoulaye A Djimdé, Ogobara K Doumbo, Issaka Zongo, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo, Daniel Alcock, Eleanor Drury, Sarah Auburn, Oliver Koch, Mandy Sanders, Christina Hubbart, Gareth Maslen, Valentin Ruano-Rubio, Dushyanth Jyothi, Alistair Miles, John O'Brien, Chris Gamble, Samuel O Oyola, Julian C Rayner, Chris I Newbold, Matthew Berriman, Chris C A Spencer, Gilean McVean, Nicholas P Day, Nicholas J White, Delia Bethell, Arjen M Dondorp, Christopher V Plowe, Rick M Fairhurst, Dominic P Kwiatkowski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Spread of a Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus via Global Airline Transportation
Authors: Kamran Khan, Julien Arino, Wei Hu, Paulo Raposo, Jennifer Sears, Felipe Calderon, Christine Heidebrecht, Michael Macdonald, Jessica Liauw, Angie Chan, Michael Gardam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

International air travelers departing from Mexico in March and April 2009 were unknowingly transporting a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus around the world. The purpose of this analysis was to show h...
Thrombin and Ethanolamine Injection Therapy in Arresting Uncontrolled Bleeding from Duodenal Varices
Authors: M. Sans, J. Llach, J. M. Bordas, V. Andreu, J. C. Reverter, J. Bosch, F. Mondelo, J. M. Salmerón, A. Mas, J. Terés, J. Rodés
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)
Screening Blood Donors for Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Gerald Bevan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Since we are excluding 2.5% of the donor population who fall outside the 97.5 percentile with each Ig category, this would mean, in theory, that we shall exclude 7.5% of the donors when all three Ig's are considered. In practice, however, we found that donors with an elevated Ig level frequently showed an increase in more than one fraction. The proportion of donors excluded because of an abnormal value then becomes approximately 5%.
Diverse Targets of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Contribute to T Cell Pathogenicity and Homeostasis
Authors: Lydia Durant, Wendy T. Watford, Haydeé L. Ramos, Arian Laurence, Golnaz Vahedi, Lai Wei, Hayato Takahashi, Hong-Wei Sun, Yuka Kanno, Fiona Powrie, John J. O'Shea
Journal: Immunity (2010)