tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microglial activation underlies cerebellar deficits produced by repeated cannabis exposure
Authors: Laura Cutando, Arnau Busquets-Garcia, Emma Puighermanal, Maria Gomis-González, José María Delgado-García, Agnès Gruart, Rafael Maldonado, Andrés Ozaita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Chronic cannabis exposure can lead to cerebellar dysfunction in humans, but the neurobiological mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that in mice, subchronic administration of the psychoactive component of cannabis, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), activated cerebellar microglia and increased the expression of neuroinflammatory markers, including IL-1β. This neuroinflammatory phenotype correlated with deficits in cerebellar conditioned learning and fine motor coordination. The neuroinflammatory phenotype was readily detectable in the cerebellum of mice with global loss of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R, Cb1–/– mice) and in mice lacking CB1R in the cerebellar parallel fibers, suggesting that CB1R downregulation in the cerebellar molecular layer plays a key role in THC-induced cerebellar deficits. Expression of CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) and Il1b mRNA was increased under neuroinflammatory conditions in activated CD11b-positive microglial cells. Furthermore, administration of the immunosuppressant minocycline or an inhibitor of IL-1β receptor signaling prevented the deficits in cerebellar function in Cb1–/– and THC-withdrawn mice. Our results suggest that cerebellar microglial activation plays a crucial role in the cerebellar deficits induced by repeated cannabis exposure.
Development with age of human articular cartilage surface structure. A survey by interference microscopy of the lateral femoral condyle.
Authors: R B Longmore, D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The weight-bearing surfaces of the lateral femoral condyles taken from twenty normal human cadavers aged 0-47 years have been examined by reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces appeared normal by naked eye examination. The presence of both 200-400 mum diameter secondary undulations and small ovoid 20-45 mum diameter tertiary hollows was confirmed in all specimens using both techniques. Measurements by RLIM showed that the tertiary hollows increase significantly in depth and diameter with increasing age. A further order of quaternary surface irregularities was shown. Small irregular ridges, 130-275 nm deep and 1-4 mum diameter, were found with increasing frequency on specimens obtained from persons aged 21 years. These quaternary irregularities are thought to be due to exposure of superficial fibre bundles after the loss, with age, of surface ground substance.
Domiciliary ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: where are we?
Authors: J. A. Wedzicha, D. J. Meecham Jones
Journal: Thorax (1996)

This quality improvement project aimed to reduce the 9no show9 rate in a paediatric neurology clinic in Qatar. No show, in outpatient clinics, is defined as patients who fail to attend their scheduled clinic appointments. It is one of the targets for improving quality of care. It leads to longer waiting times for patients to be seen in outpatient clinics, and the result is patients missing their important appointments. It also results in a waste of the clinic resources, and physician and other healthcare practitioners9 time. This study was undertaken as part of the CCITP (clinical care improvement training programme). A project team was assembled with coaching support. The department chairman and the appointment system personnel were involved. Baseline and ongoing measures were collected and charted. The baseline no-show rate was identified as 49%. Following three intervention PDSAs, mainly addressing communication and appointment flexibility, the post intervention no-show rate dropped to 18% and was sustained below the target of 25% for two years. Better communication and appointment flexibility can significantly reduce the no-show rate in outpatient clinics.
The Application of Carbonic Acid Gas to the Interior of the Bladder
Authors: T. Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1858)

two grains of arsenic, is reported as having proved fatal.Hahnemann thinks one or two grains may prove fatal in a few days.Dr. Christison agrees with this.Professor Taylor thinks two or three grains a fatal dose.On the other hand, Pereira gives a case where half an ounce was swallowed after a full meal without any effect.In this case of mine, did not the soot exercise a very power- ful, in fact a saving influence?I remember having read somewhere that a French chemist thought charcoal an effectual antidote for this poison, and took several grains at one dose without any ill effect.Orfila, in his Toxicologie Generale, also alludes to it, adding that other insoluble powders have the same effect, forming a coating in which the poison is en- veloped.It seems to me that this adulteration of arsenic deserves som-e consideration and inquiry, not only in regard to medico-legal cases, but also in relation to its effect upon wheat dressings and other agricultural appliances; for if the effect of the arsenic is thus neutralised, it is a matter of some importance to the farmer.Another question that the case seems to open up, is, can the constitution of a person be familiarised to the use of arsenic?Here this young woman for three months had been dosing herself with no inconsiderable quantity.One is naturally led to think that if she had taken smialler doses, she might have gone on with impunity.I do not believe all the absurd stories of the reputed Styrian arsenic eaters, as related in Chamibers' Journal, nor the enchanting description of the effects of arsenic eating, given by Professor Johnston in his Chemtistry of Comt- ?nonLife; but it seems warranted by the facts that certain states of the system, or certain peculiarities of constitution, do render this deadly drug occasionally almost harmless.Further experimelnts seem required to set this question at rest.
Attenuated allergic responses to house dust mite antigen in feed-restricted rats.
Authors: W Dong, F W Kari, M K Selgrade, M I Gilmour
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Caloric restriction has been shown to alter a broad range of immunological end points in both experimental animals and humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term moderate feed restriction (25% reduction) on allergic immune responses in Brown Norway rats. After 3 weeks of acclimation to their feed regimens, rats were sensitized and 2 weeks later challenged with house dust mite (HDM) antigen via intratracheal instillation. Feed restriction resulted in lower levels of antigen-specific IgE in serum and reduced antigen specific lymphoproliferative activity in pulmonary lymph nodes. Feed restriction also attenuated pulmonary inflammation, as evidenced by lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase and total protein, decreased infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, feed restriction decreased TNF-[alpha] secretion in serum and decreased mRNA expression of TNF-[alpha] and interleukin-6 in pulmonary lymph nodes. We conclude that feed restriction strongly dampened the allergic immune responses to HDM in rats and that this attenuation was associated with decreased expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Indicators of clinical performance
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Physician assisted suicide, euthanasia, or withdrawal of treatmentDistinguishing between them clarifies moral, legal, and practical positions T he Supreme Court of the United States has returned the vexing question of physician assisted suicide to state governments.In unanimous rulings last month, Chief Justice Rehnquist, writing for the court, held that there is no fundamental right to assistance in committing suicide 1 and that, legally, distinguishing between refusing life saving medical treatment and requesting assistance in suicide "comports with fundamental legal principles of causation and intent." 2 By its rulings, the Supreme Court invalidated the decisions of two of the American Courts of Appeal.In March 1996 the appeals court for the Ninth Circuit had lifted a ban by Washington state on physician assisted suicide in Compassion in Dying v Washington. 3 That court, which has jurisdiction in 13 western states, including Hawaii, had concluded that "a competent adult ... has a strong liberty interest in choosing a dignified and humane death"-including not just refusal of treatment but also "hastening one's own death."However, the Supreme Court held that the interest in question, which Chief Justice Rehnquist characterised as the "right to commit suicide with another's assistance," is not one of the "fundamental rights and liberties ... 'deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition'."
Drug Fever and Triamterene
Authors: RICHARD I. FRANKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1987Drug Fever and TriamtereneRICHARD I. FRANKEL, M.D.RICHARD I. FRANKEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-601_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Table 2 in the report by Mackowiak and Le-Maistre (1) on drug fever incorrectly shows triamterene as a drug used for its effects on the central nervous system; it is a diuretic. I am interested in the absence of thiazide diuretics and hydroxine from the list. Thiazide diuretics share structural similarities with sulfonamide. Was the triamterene used alone or in combination with thiazide? As for hydroxyzine, I have found it to be the cause of more than six cases of fever of unknown origin in my own practice when given intramuscularly....Reference1. MACKOWIAKLEMAISTRE PC. Drug fever: a critical appraisal of conventional concepts. An analysis of 51 episodes in two Dallas hospitals and 97 episodes reported in the English literature. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:728-33. LinkGoogle Scholar1. MACKOWIAKLEMAISTRE PC. Drug fever: a critical appraisal of conventional concepts. An analysis of 51 episodes in two Dallas hospitals and 97 episodes reported in the English literature. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:728-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAFDI M. Fever secondary to triamterene therapy [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:701. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State of Hawaii Department of Health Honolulu, HI 96817-2199 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 601-601KeywordsCentral nervous systemDiureticsDrugsFever of unknown originFeversSulfonamide Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment of protein allergenicity on the basis of immune reactivity: animal models.
Authors: Ian Kimber, Rebecca J Dearman, Andre H Penninks, Leon M J Knippels, Robert B Buchanan, Bruce Hammerberg, Hilary A Jackson, Ricki M Helm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Because of the public concern surrounding the issue of the safety of genetically modified organisms, it is critical to have appropriate methodologies to aid investigators in identifying potential hazards associated with consumption of foods produced with these materials. A recent panel of experts convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization suggested there is scientific evidence that using data from animal studies will contribute important information regarding the allergenicity of foods derived from biotechnology. This view has given further impetus to the development of suitable animal models for allergenicity assessment. This article is a review of what has been achieved and what still has to be accomplished regarding several different animal models. Progress made in the design and evaluation of models in the rat, the mouse, the dog and in swine is reviewed and discussed.
Cross-Sectional Associations Between Measures of Sleep and Markers of Glucose Metabolism Among Subjects With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Kristen L. Knutson, Eve Van Cauter, Phyllis Zee, Kiang Liu, Diane S. Lauderdale
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine whether sleep duration and quality are associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or estimated insulin resistance in a community-based sample of early middle-aged adults.This was an ancillary study to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Habitual sleep duration and fragmentation were estimated from 6 days of wrist actigraphy collected in 2003-2005. Insomnia was defined as self-reported difficulty falling asleep or waking up in the night three or more times per week plus average sleep efficiency of <80% based on actigraphy. Fasting blood samples to measure glucose and insulin were collected after the sleep measures during the CARDIA clinical examination in 2005-2006. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) method. Analyses were cross-sectional and stratified by the presence of diabetes.There was no association between sleep measures and fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA in the 115 subjects without diabetes. Among the 40 subjects with diabetes, after adjustment for covariates, 10% higher sleep fragmentation was associated with a 9% higher fasting glucose level, a 30% higher fasting insulin level, and a 43% higher HOMA level. Insomnia was associated with a 23% higher fasting glucose level, a 48% higher fasting insulin level, and an 82% higher HOMA level.The observed association between poor sleep quality and higher glucose, insulin, and estimated insulin resistance among subjects with diabetes warrants further examination of the effect of sleep disturbances on glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Prognostic Significance of Plasma Norepinephrine in Patients With Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Claude R. Benedict, Brent Shelton, David E. Johnstone, Gary Francis, Barry Greenberg, Marvin Konstam, Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Elevated plasma neurohormonal levels are associated with increased mortality rates in patients with symptomatic heart failure. A previous Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial suggested that neurohumoral activation precedes the development of symptoms as demonstrated by increased neurohormonal levels in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. However, the significance of this early neurohumoral activation is unclear. The goals of this study were to determine the prognostic significance of the plasma concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (PNE) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the renin activity (PRA) in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Methods and Results PNE and PRA were measured before randomization in 514 patients with left ventricular ejection fractions ≤35% who did not require treatment for congestive heart failure and were enrolled in the SOLVD Prevention Trial. Plasma ANP levels were measured in a subset of 241 patients owing to study design. Using the Cox proportional hazards model that included left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class, age, sex, treatment assignment to placebo or enalapril, and cause of heart failure, we examined whether these neurohormones predicted all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, development of heart failure, or development of ischemic events (myocardial infarction or unstable angina). PNE was the strongest predictor of clinical events in this patient population. PNE levels above the median of 393 pg/mL were associated with a relative risk of 2.59 ( P =.002) for all-cause mortality, 2.55 ( P =.003) for cardiovascular mortality, 2.55 ( P =.005) for hospitalization for heart failure, 1.88 ( P =.002) for development of heart failure, 1.92 ( P =.001) for ischemic events, and 2.59 ( P =.005) for myocardial infarction. PNE remained the most powerful predictor for all-cause mortality and ischemic events when the analysis included only the patients with histories of ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. The increases in other neurohormonal levels were not useful in predicting the subsequent development of clinical events. Conclusions Increased PNE levels in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction appear to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities and development of clinical events related to the onset of heart failure or acute ischemic syndromes. Thus, measurement of PNE may be a possible early marker for assessment of disease progression in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and modulating the release or effect of PNE may lead to improved prognosis and/or a reduction in morbidity.
Scintigraphy in Trauma and the ???Limping Syndrome???
Authors: L STOCKLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Benign abnormal increase in radioactivity in asymptomatic joints in bone scanning has been observed secondary to the undue stress of an unusual gait that favors the injured opposite extremity. The x-ray findings are negative. Bone scans limited to areas of, e.g., sports related trauma, may show abnormality in traumatized areas of the lower extremity with diffuse abnormal activity in joints on the normal asymptomatic side. Even in the presence of a normal scan of the injured area, the altered gait may produce increased activity on the asymptomatic side. We have chosen to call this the “limping syndrome.”
Experiences in the Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone With Mithramycin
Authors: Will G. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The effects of mithramycin, an antibiotic with cytotoxic activity, were observed in 15 patients with active Paget's disease of bone. Mithramycin is shown to have a consistent effect in suppressing the activity of Paget's disease, as reflected by changes in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels, and the occurrence of symptomatic relief. These responses are probably mediated by a cytotoxic effect on osteoclasts. Several patients have shown prolonged remissions. This agent shows considerable promise as an effective treatment for Paget's disease of bone but means of enhancing the therapeutic:toxicity ratio need further investigation.
Maintenance Treatment With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics
Authors: Donald C. Goff
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NEW NEEDLE HOLDER.
Authors: JOHN EGERTON CANNADAY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I have for some time felt the necessity for a needle holder which would give easy access to the deeper and less accessible cavities of the body, for example, the pelvis, the cardiac portion of the stomach in certain gall bladder and other cases, more especially in subjects having much adipose and muscular tissue. At the same time I desired a strong needle holder for purposes of general utility and one in which the closed hand on the handle would not in any way obscure the operator's field of vision. The usual holder often fails to secure the needle firmly when tissues of any degree of resistance are encountered. More particularly does this obtain should the needle be a trifle dull. Several types of holder break the needle if too firmly closed. Bearing the above in mind, I have had a pistol grip or angular needle holder made which consists
South African research into AIDS "cure" severely criticised
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In South Africa, claims that the drug Virodene P058 inhibits progression of HIV infection have been condemned. The claims were forwarded by a team from Pretoria University which conducted its experiments without obtaining the required permission, demonstrated a lack of specific scientific skill, lacked a proper control group, and worked in secret. Virodene P058 contains diethylformamide, a toxic industrial solvent which has not been shown to inhibit HIV protease. The researchers also garnered criticism for bypassing normal procedures and presenting their results directly to the minister of health in a bid to obtain funding. Critics also voiced concern about the creation of a private company by one of the researchers. The research team, which has threatened to take legal action against the team of experts convened to look into the matter, faces additional charges of professional negligence or misconduct.
Medical Expenditures and Insurance Coverage for People With Diabetes: Estimates From the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey
Authors: Amy K Taylor
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Access to health insurance and protection against expenditures for medical care are of special concern to diabetic patients in the United States. This study examines some information on the extent and breadth of public and private health insurance for individuals with diabetes, as well as some estimates of their use of health-care services and their mean expenses for this care. About 12% of all diabetic patients less than 65 yr old (approximately 311,000 individuals) were uninsured throughout 1977, a rate not much different from that for the rest of the United States population. Those with diabetes who are uninsured tend to be younger, Black or Hispanic, in excellent or good health, and live outside of metropolitan areas and in the South or West. As expected, diabetic patients use more medical care than others of their age and sex, and their medical expenses are also much higher, particularly in younger age groups. In 1977, average total medical-care expenses for people with diabetes were $1514 compared with $548 for the rest of the population. They and their families paid approximately 20% out of pocket (approximately $355). Their health insurance premiums were not much different from those without diabetes, averaging approximately $1000 in 1977 for those under age 65. The private insurance coverage for diabetic patients was similar to that for others, although slightly fewer had major medical coverage than the general population.