tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOCATING THE BALL IN A CASE OF GUN SHOT WOUND IN THE CERVICAL REGTON.Read before the Chicago Pathological Society, June 8, 1891.
Authors: J. J. M. ANGEAR
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Twenty second day of August, 1889, I was summoned to see Mr. W., in the south-east part of Kansas, under the care of Dr. D. W. King, of Wier City, Kansas, whose history I learned as follows: Mr. W. was born in Henry County, Ill.; was 33 years old; had lived in Cherokee County, Kansas, nineteen years; married, had no children. On the 11th day of May, with others, he was out hunting, and was accidentally shot in the neck by a glancing shot, with a 22 caliber rifle ball. The manner in which it occurred will be better understood by referring to the diagram. The tree, C, was in a field. The line A B represents a hedge which divides the field from the road. E and F represent two men who fired at a bird on a branch of the tree, C. A ball from one of the
Combination of laser treatment and intraluminal radiotherapy for malignant dysphagia.
Authors: E Shmueli, E Srivastava, P J Dawes, M Clague, K Matthewson, C O Record
Journal: Gut (1996)

Laser treatment for malignant dysphagia is limited by recurrent intraluminal tumour requiring repeated treatment at four to eight week intervals.To reduce the need for follow up treatment and to improve survival, patients successfully palliated by laser were treated with intraluminal radiotherapy.32 patients with inoperable oesophageal carcinoma (18 adeno and 14 squamous cell carcinoma).The patients were initially palliated by a median of three laser treatments. They were then treated with intraluminal radiotherapy, receiving 10-15 Gy at 1 cm from the source as a single treatment with the Selectron system. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma also received external radiotherapy (30 to 50 Gy).After the radiotherapy nine patients survived a median of 22 (range 4-40) weeks without requiring any further endoscopic treatment. The remaining patients survived a median of 40 (range 4-102) weeks and required a median of three follow up endoscopic treatments over that time. Eleven patients developed fibrous strictures with no intraluminal tumour and were treated by dilatation. Twelve patients required dilatation and repeat laser therapy for a combination of fibrous stricture and recurrent intraluminal tumour. Six patients eventually required Atkinson tubes.The combination of laser treatment with intraluminal radiotherapy provides good palliation and may reduce the need for repeated endoscopic treatment. Fibrous stricture formation is a common complication.
Abstract 2326: Loss of prostate-specific antigen slows growth and alters the extracellular proteome of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Simon A. Williams, Christine A. Jelinek, Robert J. Cotter, John T. Isaacs, Samuel R. Denmeade
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most extensively used biomarker in cancer. There continues to be intense debate regarding the use of PSA in screening for prostate cancer (PCa) and how it may be used for optimal benefit. The role PSA plays in reproductive biology and PCa has been an area of ongoing interest. As a serine protease with novel substrate preferences, PSA continues to be secreted at high levels (mg/mL) even by the majority of advanced prostatic carcinomas. This protease has been shown to affect the growth or viability of a variety of cell types, including epithelial cells, osteoclasts, T-cells, and human PCa cell lines. In this study, we stably reduced endogenous PSA gene expression using lentiviral short hairpin loop RNA (shRNA) technology in the LNCaP human PCa cell line. We then investigated any resulting changes to LNCaP growth rates in vitro and ex vivo. Acting on the hypothesis that any PSA-induced changes to LNCaP behavior are the result of the enzyme's extracellular activity, we used a high-throughput shot-gun mass spectrometry-based (MS) approach to analyze the in vitro extracellular LNCaP proteome in control and PSA-targeted shRNA populations. Having demonstrated that our shRNA strategy targeted to PSA caused as much as a 90% reduction in PSA protein production compared to control cells, we next showed that in vitro doubling times are slowed from 2 days to 11 days. Subcutaneous tumors displayed an almost 50% reduction in take rate, with the final weights of those remaining only reaching 10% of controls after 8 weeks of growth. Serum-free media conditioned for 24 hours by control or PSA-targeted LNCaP populations were then subjected to global semi-quantitative proteomics analysis using the high resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Electron, San Jose, CA). In one 200 minute LTQ-Orbitrap analysis, in conjunction with the Mascot Search algorithm (Matrix Science, Boston, MA), we were able to identify 1784 proteins in the LNCaP conditioned media. Of these, 686 were specific to the control populations, 527 were specific to the reduced PSA populations, and 571 were common to both. These results demonstrate the utility of high-throughput proteomic strategies as an unbiased approach for the identification of candidate mechanisms behind novel observations in cancer biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2326.
Impaired pentose phosphate shunt function in sickle cell disease: A potential mechanism for increased heinz body formation and membrane lipid peroxidation
Authors: Neil A. Lachant, Warren D. Davidson, Kouichi R. Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract The red cells' antioxidant defense mechanisms were compared between individuals with sickle cell disease and those with hemolytic anemia and reticulocytosis. In sickle cell disease, there was a significant increase in incubated Heinz body formation (p &lt; .001), a decrease in reduced glutathione concentration (p &lt; .01), an increase in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity (p &lt; .01), and a decrease in glutathione reductase activity (p &lt; .005). The patients with sickle cell disease had an absolute increase in the activity of the pentose shunt in the intact red cell after methylene blue stimulation (p &lt; .05) and in red cell hemolysates (p &lt; .025). Heinz body formation (r = .75) and pentose shunt activity in red cell hemolysates (r = .83) were strongly related to the degree of reticulocytosis. Although there was a correlation between the pentose shunt activity in the stimulated red cell and in red cell hemolysates for the patients with hemolytic anemia (r = .58), stimulated shunt activity did not increase as the hemolysate shunt activity increased for the patients with sickle cell disease. There were very strong relationships between the ATP concentration and the reticulocyte count (r = .80) and the hemolysate pentose shunt activity (r = .77) in sickle cell disease. These data suggest that in spite of an absolute increase in stimulated pentose shunt activity, there is a relative suppression of stimulated shunt activity in the youngest sickle erythrocytes. This may be related, in part, to the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of ATP on the activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase.
Certificate of Need Regulations and Use of Coronary Revascularization After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ioana Popescu, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin, Gary E. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Certificate of need regulations were enacted to control health care costs by limiting unnecessary expansion of services. While many states have repealed certificate of need regulations in recent years, few analyses have examined relationships between certificate of need regulations and outcomes of care.To compare rates of coronary revascularization and mortality after acute myocardial infarction in states with and without certificate of need regulations.Retrospective cohort study of 1,139,792 Medicare beneficiaries aged 68 years or older with AMI who were admitted to 4587 US hospitals during 2000-2003.Thirty-day risk-adjusted rates of coronary revascularization with either coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention and 30-day all-cause mortality.The 624,421 patients in states with certificate of need regulations were less likely to be admitted to hospitals with coronary revascularization services (321,573 [51.5%] vs 323,695 [62.8%]; P<.001) or to undergo revascularization at the admitting hospital (163,120 [26.1%] vs 163,877 [31.8%]; P<.001) than patients in states without certificates of need but were more likely to undergo revascularization at a transfer hospital (73,379 [11.7%] vs 45,907 [8.9%]; P<.001). Adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors, patients in states with highly and moderately stringent certificate of need regulations, respectively, were less likely to undergo revascularization within the first 2 days (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.87; P = .002 and 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90; P<.001) relative to patients in states without certificates of need, although no differences in the likelihood of revascularization were observed during days 3 through 30. Unadjusted 30-day mortality was similar in states with and without certificates of need (109,304 [17.5%] vs 90,104 [17.5%]; P = .76), as was adjusted mortality (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.03; P = .90).Patients with acute myocardial infarction were less likely to be admitted to hospitals offering coronary revascularization and to undergo early revascularization in states with certificate of need regulations. However, differences in the availability and use of revascularization therapies were not associated with mortality.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<b>Medicine: Essentials of Clinical Practice</b>, edited by Chester S. Keefer and Robert W. Wilkins, 1,120 pp, 103 illus, $18.50, paper $11.50, Boston: Little, Brown &amp; Co., 1970. The new edition of Harrison's famous<i>Principles of Internal Medicine</i>represents a major occurrence in the medical publishing world. This text, whose first edition appeared in 1950, has been devoted to what the editors have called the "clinical method." The book centered around the thinking processes of a physician; for the patient, when he consults a physician, comes with symptoms, not with a diagnosis. The Harrison textbook tries to analyze the symptoms, recognize the groupings (or syndromes) into which they fall, and discuss the various mechanisms at work. The new sixth edition shows many changes over the fifth, published in 1966. Dr. Harrison has retired from the active editorial board but his name is preserved as an intrinsic part of the title. Drs.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE VISIBILITY OF THE POLYHEDRAL VIRUSES
Authors: R. W. Glaser, E. V. Cowdry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

With the techniques employed we have not been able to detect any qualitative differences between the particles visible in normal blood and in blood from cases of wilt disease and grasserie. Of the two conditions we can speak more definitely in the case of grasserie, because this we have studied quantitatively as well, that is to say, the particles visible microscopically and ultramicroscopically have been counted without bringing to light any marked difference between normal and diseased blood. This leads us to believe that the virus of wilt disease is probably invisible, and the virus of grasserie almost certainly so, when studied with the optical equipment that we have used, and that further evidence will be necessary before one can accept the chlamydozoa or the Borrellina as the active etiological agents. Although these two polyhedral viruses do not appear to be visibly particulate, it does not follow that other alterable viruses are not organized in this way. Each should be considered on its own merits.
Plasminogen activators in normal tissue and carcinomas of the human oesophagus and stomach.
Authors: C F Sier, H W Verspaget, G Griffioen, S Ganesh, H J Vloedgraven, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1993)

Carcinogenesis in the human colon is associated with a marked increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator and a decrease of tissue type plasminogen activator. This study was performed to determine the concentrations of urokinase type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator in normal tissue and carcinomas along the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Activity and antigen levels of both activators were determined in homogenates of endoscopically obtained biopsies from normal and carcinomatous tissues. Although the concentrations of tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator in normal squamous epithelium of the oesophagus were low compared with those in columnar epithelium from the stomach, the urokinase type plasminogen activator/tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ratio of the different locations showed hardly any difference. Significant but heterogeneous increases were found in urokinase type plasminogen activator concentrations of biopsy specimens originating from carcinomas of both epithelial cell types. A decrease in tissue type plasminogen activator concentrations, as found in human colon carcinomas, could only be shown in carcinomas of columnar epithelium origin but not in squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus. The increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator/tissue type plasminogen activator antigen ratio and the decrease of tissue type plasminogen activator in the carcinomas did not show a significant correlation with known prognostic determinants as differentiation grade, TNM classification, intestinal metaplasia, inflammation, and ulceration. The heterogeneous increase of urokinase type plasminogen activator in oesophageal and stomach carcinomas, together with the recently described association of urokinase type plasminogen activator in tissue extracts of breast carcinomas with aggressiveness and prognosis, may be relevance to prognostic studies, may be of relevance to prognostic studies in oesophageal and gastric cancer.
<i>TET2</i> mutations, myelodysplastic features, and a distinct immunoprofile characterize blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in the bone marrow
Authors: Khaled Alayed, Keyur P. Patel, Sergej Konoplev, Rajesh R. Singh, Mark J. Routbort, Neelima Reddy, Naveen Pemmaraju, Liping Zhang, Abdulaziz Al Shaikh, Tariq N. Aladily, Nitin Jain, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Joseph D. Khoury
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Distinguishing blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is gaining increased importance because of emerging differences in therapeutic approaches, and this distinction can be problematic in bone marrow specimens. We identified retrospectively 16 patients with bone marrow involvement by BPDCN: 11 men and 5 women with a median age of 62.5 years (range, 19-86 years). Myelodysplastic changes were observed in five patients. Immunophenotypic analysis showed that the neoplastic cells were positive for CD4, CD123, TCL-1, and HLA-DR and were negative for CD3, CD8, CD13, CD19, CD34, and myeloperoxidase. Other antigens expressed by subsets of BPDCN cases included the following: CD56 (13/15; 81%), CD33 (7/10; 70%), CD7 (11/14; 69%), TdT (5/15; 33%), CD2 (5/11; 31%), CD117 (2/9; 22%), and CD5 (2/13; 15%). Conventional cytogenetic analysis showed chromosomal abnormalities in 6 of 13 (46%) cases analyzed, of which 3 cases had -13/13q-. Targeted next-generation sequencing performed on five BPDCN cases identified TET2 (ten eleven translocation 2) mutations and no other AML-associated mutations. In conclusion, BPDCN in the bone marrow has a characteristic immunoprofile (CD4+, CD56+, CD123+, and TCL-1+) and appears to be commonly associated with myelodysplastic features and a high frequency of TET2 mutations in the absence of other mutations commonly observed in AML.
Gingival fibromatosis with multiple unusual findings: report of a rare case
Authors: Long He, Fei-Yun Ping
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Gingival fibromatosis is a rare disease, especially its syndromic form. Here, we review the literatures on gingival fibromatosis and briefly summarize some characters on clinical, etiological, genetic and histopathological aspects. We also present a rare case of gingival fibromatosis with multiple unusual findings in a 21-year-old man. And we differentiate it from some well-known syndromes including gingival fibromatosis. Maybe it implies a new syndrome within the spectrum of those including gingival fibromatosis.
A Higher Bar — Vermont's New Law on Marketing Prescribed Products
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

As Congress continues to discuss the reform of physician–industry relations, individual states are enacting new laws. In July 2009, regulations on the conduct of pharmaceutical and medical-device manufacturers take effect in Massachusetts,1 as does a Vermont law on the marketing of prescribed products.2 The Vermont law, signed on June 8, 2009, by Governor Jim Douglas, a Republican, is broader and stricter than the 2008 Massachusetts law, which had previously been considered the most comprehensive in the country. Vermont's law bans gifts to physicians from manufacturers of prescription drugs, medical devices, and biologic products, with few exceptions. For the gifts and . . .
Reinvestment and recovery
Authors: Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

When US President Barack Obama declared in his 2009 inaugural address, "We will restore science to its rightful place," many applauded. The US has led the world in research, innovation, and education in the medical sciences. The National Science Foundation, the NIH, and other government organizations involved in scientific investigations are the primary engines that have fueled this excellence over the past half century. Nevertheless, we cannot afford to assume that preeminence, or even excellence, will persist without attention and cultivation.
A new mechanism for DNA alterations induced by alpha particles such as those emitted by radon and radon progeny.
Authors: B E Lehnert, E H Goodwin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The mechanism(s) by which alpha (alpha) particles like those emitted from inhaled radon and radon progeny cause their carcinogenic effects in the lung remains unclear. Although direct nuclear traversals by alpha-particles may be involved in mediating these outcomes, increasing evidence indicates that a particles can cause alterations in DNA in the absence of direct hits to cell nuclei. Using the occurrence of excessive sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) as an index of DNA damage in human lung fibroblasts, we investigated the hypothesis that alpha-particles may induce DNA damage through the generation of extracellular factors. We have found that a relatively low dose of alpha-particles can result in the generation of extracellular factors, which, upon transfer to unexposed normal human cells, can cause excessive SCE to an extent equivalent to that observed when the cells are directly irradiated with the same irradiation dose. A short-lived, SCE-inducing factor(s) is generated in alpha-irradiated culture medium containing serum in the absence of cells. A more persistent SCE-inducing factor(s), which can survive freeze-thaw and is heat labile is produced by fibroblasts after exposure to the alpha-particles. These results indicate that the initiating target for alpha-particle-induced genetic changes can be larger than a cell's nucleus or even a whole cell. How transmissible factors like those observed here in vitro may extend to the in vivo condition in the context of a-particle-induced carcinogenesis in the respiratory tract remains to be determined.
Chronic potassium depletion increases adrenal progesterone production that is necessary for efficient renal retention of potassium
Authors: Boutaïna Elabida, Aurélie Edwards, Amel Salhi, Anie Azroyan, Heidi Fodstad, Pierre Meneton, Alain Doucet, May Bloch-Faure, Gilles Crambert
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Raynaud's phenomenon and macrocytic anaemia
Authors: V. Flower, J. D. Pauling, J. A. Shipley, N. J. McHugh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> In April, 2018, one of the UL Xplorlabs modules, Fire Forensics was adopted as a key resource in Cobb County, Georgia middle schools. UL Education and Outreach led a one-day workshop for middle-school teachers and fire fighters. Since then, we’ve led five workshops including teachers from twenty-five middle schools and seventy-five fire fighters and investigators. After the workshops, teachers lead the module with their students and the trained fire service personnel come into the classroom on lab days when students have open flames and on the days that the students solve the fire case in the module. <h3>Methods</h3> We are currently conducting a mixed-methods research to understand the program outcomes for the students, teachers, and fire service. Data collection includes surveys and long narrative interviews of a random sample of participants. The goal of this study is to understand the outcomes for teachers, students, and the fire service after the workshops as this is becoming a model for working in fire safety education. <h3>Results/<b>Conclusions</b></h3> As of the submission deadline, the results and conclusions are not yet defined.
Abstract 247: Aldose reductase inhibition sensitizes colon cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis
Authors: Kota V. Ramana, Mohammad Shoeb, Satish K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Sensitization of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), particularly TRAIL-resistant cancer cells, could improve the effectiveness of TRAIL as a potential chemotherapy drug. Therefore, development of safe novel pharmacological agents that could sensitize the tumor cells to TRAIL should be an effective strategy to kill the chemotherapy resistance cancer cells. We have recently shown that inhibition of polyol pathway enzyme, aldose reductase (AR) that mediates NF-kB-dependent expression of inflammatory markers, prevents human colon cancer cell growth and metastasis in culture as well in nude mouse models. We now have investigated the role of AR in sensitizing cancer cells to TRAIL and potentiating TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of AR potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HT-29, HCT-116) by upregulation of both death receptor (DR)-5 and DR4. Specific siRNAs -mediated knockdown of DR5 and DR4 significantly (&amp;gt;85%) reduced the sensitizing effect of AR inhibition by pharmacological agent, fidarestat, on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. AR inhibition also down-regulated TRAIL-induced cell survival proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, survivin, XIAP, and cFLIP, and up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax. Further, AR inhibition also altered the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to cytochrome c release, caspases-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, our results indicate that AR inhibition regulates AKT/PI3K-dependent activation of forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a. Knockdown of FOXO3a significantly (&amp;gt;80%) abolished AR inhibition-induced upregulation of DR5 and DR4 and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Overall, our results show that AR inhibition potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of cell survival proteins and upregulation of death receptors and thus AR inhibitors along with TRAIL could be effective therapy for the treatment of colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 247. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-247