tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypermethylation of ZNF545 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation: Table 1
Authors: Jie Yu, Xin Li, Qian Tao, Xiao-ling Yu, Zhi-gang Cheng, Zhi-yu Han, Mingzhou Guo, Ping Liang
Journal: Gut (2015)

We read with interest the article by Wang et al 1 on zinc-finger protein 545 (ZNF545) acting as a tumour suppressor gene (TSG) in gastric cancer by inhibiting rRNA transcription and its methylation as a prognostic factor for early stages of gastric cancer. Inactivation of TSGs through promoter hypermethylation also plays an important role in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).2–4 We wish to report the results of the expression profile and epigenetic regulation of ZNF545 in HCC, and its methylation role on early-stage HCC progression after thermal ablation.

Our results showed reduced or loss of ZNF545 expression was found in seven human hepatic cancer cell lines, including SMMC7721, PRF/PCL-5, SK-hep1, HepG2, BEL7402, LAM3 and SNU449, by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. Expression of ZNF545 was detected in another cell of HBXF344. The methylation status of the ZNF545 promoter was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Complete methylation of the …
Medical abortions more common than surgery for first time in 2014 in England and Wales
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Medical means were used in 51% of abortions carried out in England and Wales in 2014, the first year there were more medical than surgical procedures, figures from the Department of Health show.1 In 2013 just under half of terminations (49%) involved pills, while in 2004 the figure was 20%.

In total, 184 571 abortions were …
Pressure mounts on drug supplies in Greece
Authors: Julianna Photopoulos
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Some pharmacies in Greece are being asked to pay suppliers in cash and are facing restrictions on the orders they can place, members of the industry have said. There have also been reports that some patients are unable to meet their share of the cost of drugs and that some people are stockpiling drugs.

However, the government has said that there were currently no signs that the flow of drugs has been affected by the financial uncertainty in Greece, after a meeting on 9 July between Panagiotis Kouroumblis, the health minister, and Konstantinos Lourantos, president of the Panhellenic Pharmaceutical Association.

Kouroumblis said, “Although …
Plasma high fibrinogen and low plasminogen levels predict poor prognosis in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Fumiaki Kato, Nobuhiro Tanabe, Hajime Kasai, Ayumi Sekine, Takao Takeuchi, Takashi Urushibara, Rintaro Nishimura, Rika Suda, Takayuki Jujo, Toshihiko Sugiura, Ayako Shigeta, Seiichiro Sakao, Yasunori Kasahara, Koichiro Tatsumi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) comprises organizing thrombotic obstructions in the pulmonary arteries‚ and progressive pulmonary hypertension. However‚ there are few reports about the abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis system in CTEPH.  Purpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate correlation between coagulation and fibrinolysis system‚ and severity and prognosis in patients with CTEPH.  Methods and results:  We studied 91 patients (18 male‚ 55±14 [SD] years‚ mean pulmonary arterial pressure 45±12 mmHg) diagnosed as having inoperable CTEPH at Chiba University Hospital between 1986 and 2011. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen levels‚ severity and prognosis. Eighteen patients who had both high fibrinogen level (≥291 mg/dl‚ median) and low plasminogen level ( 2 ‚ p=0.0079)‚ higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (1030±602 vs. 746±340 dyne∗sec∗cm -5 ‚ p=0.0090)‚ and poor survival (5-year survival 35.4 vs. 88.6%‚ p Conclusion:  Plasma high fibrinogen and low plasminogen levels are poor prognostic factors for patients with inoperable CTEPH.
Regular review: Drug treatment in heart failure
Authors: E. Lonn
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Heart failure represents a complex clinical syndrome characterised by abnormalities of left ventricular function and neurohormonal regulation, exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, fluid retention, and reduced longevity.1 Despite improvements in treatment the prognosis for patients with heart failure remains poor: the risk of death annually is 5%-10% in patients with mild symptoms and 30%-40% in those with advanced disease.2 3 This condition is also associated with major morbidity and healthcare expenditure, being responsible for about 5% of hospital admissions in the United Kingdom.4

### Box 1: Treatment of heart failure

#### Aims

#### Treatment modalities

Mitral valve surgery

Coronary revascularisation

Surgical ventricular remodelling procedures

Cardiomyoplasty

Dual chamber pacing

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator treatment

Ventricular assist devices

Artificial heart

Heart transplantation

This review deals only with pharmacological treatments in chronic heart failure. Non-pharmacological measures apply to all patients, whereas surgical and device treatments (many still experimental) apply only to specific patient subsets. Patients with clinical symptoms of heart failure but normal or near normal left ventricular systolic function often have impaired left ventricular diastolic function. This heterogeneous group has been generally excluded from heart failure trials. We do not discuss the treatment of diastolic left ventricular dysfunction or acute heart failure syndromes: more comprehensive reviews are available.5

### Summary points

The prognosis for patients with heart failure remains poor

Drugs clearly shown to improve survival in patients with heart failure are ACE inhibitors and βblockers

These drugs should be used in most patients with heart failure but require …
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Comparison of Anti-Emetic Drugs Used Alone or in Combination
Authors: D Michaloudis, N O'Keeffe, K O'Sullivan, T E J Healy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

Drugs with anti-emetic properties can exert their actions at more than one receptor site, histamine H1, muscarinic cholinergic or dopaminergic D2 receptors. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a combination of drugs acting at different receptor sites in lower than standard doses would be at least as effective as a standard therapeutic dose of a single anti-emetic agent. A combination of droperidol, hyoscine and metoclopramide in subtherapeutic doses has been shown to be at least as effective as droperidol (1.25 mg) alone. In both groups there was a low incidence of emetic sequelae in the first 3 hours postoperatively.
Tumoral presence of human cytomegalovirus is associated with shorter disease-free survival in elderly patients with colorectal cancer and higher levels of intratumoral interleukin-17
Authors: H.-P. Chen, J.-K. Jiang, P.-Y. Lai, C.-Y. Chen, T.-Y. Chou, Y.-C. Chen, C.-H. Chan, S.-F. Lin, C.-Y. Yang, C.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Lin, J.-K. Lin, D.M.-T. Ho, W.-L. Cho, Y.-J. Chan
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Evaluation of social nicotine dependence using the Kano test for social nicotine dependence (KTSND) questionnaire in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Maan Hong Jung, Sung Jin Nam, Tae Won Jang, Chul Ho Oak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, and smoking habit is recognized as nicotine dependence, which consists of physical and psychosocial aspects. We evaluted the social nicotine dependence in lung cancer patients with the Kano test for social nicotien dependence (KTSND).

Methods : The Korean version of KTSND questionare was used in 180 lung cancer patients. The score ranges from 0 to 30, and the higher the score is, the more nicotine dependent. Initially the data was collected just after their diagnosis of lung cancer in 100 patients and evaluated by their smoking status. Thereafter in another 80 patients, we compared the changes of KTSND scores before and after the initial therapy.

Results: The mean age of 180 responders was 65.8 years, and 68% were male. Current smokers, past smokers and never-smokers were 24%, 47% and 29% respectively. The average KTSND score of the 100 patients was 12.2 ± 5.7, the score of the current smoker was significantly higher than those of past smokers and never-smokers (13.8 ± 5.4 vs. 12.0 ± 5.5 and 10.5 ± 5.5 respectively, p < 0.001). The score was significantly decreased after treatment of lung cancer in 80 patients from 16.7 ± 4.7 to 8.9 ± 4.4 (p < 0.001), and the mean changes of current smokers and past smokers were significantly higher than never smokers (12.5 ± 3.4 and 13.0 ± 4.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.5, p < 0.001)

Conclusions: In this study, we observed that the KTSND questionnaire is a useful method to evaluate the psychosocial aspects of smoking depenence in patients with lung cancer and can be used as a valuable tool in the education of lung cancer patients and cancer prevention programs.
ORDER OF BIRTH AND SIZE OF FAMILY
Authors: Neil A. Dayton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1929)

I. The order of birth of the retardate or mentally defective child is apparently of little significance. II. The foreign-born mothers (43 per cent of the population of the towns surveyed) are over-represented as mothers of our group. They make up 68 per cent of the mothers of retarded children and 75 per cent of the mothers of mentally defective children. III. Families having a mentally defective child [I.Q. -.70; mean = 6.24 ± .03 (S. D.)] show a tendency to be larger than families having a retarded child [I.Q. +.70; mean= 5.71 ± .04 (S. D.)]. These figures include all families, both complete and incomplete. IV. Native-born mothers of retardates and mental defectives in our group have larger families than native mothers of the same age groups in New York State. This condition applies also to foreign-born mothers of retardates and mental defectives of the age groups-20, 20-24, and 25-29 years. Foreign-born mothers of the age groups 30 years and over show a tendency to have smaller families than foreign mothers of the same age in the general population. V. The mean number of children ever born in completed families is recorded as follows by mental condition of child and nativity of mother: Native-born mothers of retardates (I. Q., .70+) = 6.52 ± .21(S. D.). Native-born mothers of mental defectives (I. Q., -.70)= 6.84 ± .23(S. D.). Foreign-born mothers of retardates (I. Q., .70+) = 7.54 ± . 11(S. D.). Foreign-born mothers of mental defectives (I. Q., -.70)= 7.64 ± .09(S. D.). VI. In this sample, completed families with a child in the lower levels of intelligence are approximately twice as large as completed families with a child in the upper levels of intelligence. The stocks represented in this sample which are producing retarded or mentally defective children are more than maintaining themselves.
Abstract 78: Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Cardiac MRI Identifies Ventricular Dysfunction and Regional Myocardial Dyssynchrony in Patients with Univentricular Heart Diseases
Authors: Michihiro Okuyama, Shuta Ishigami, Daiki Ousaka, Junko Kobayashi, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano, Hidemasa Oh
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Backgrounds: The impact of myocardial fibrosis on cardiac performance and clinical outcomes in patients with a functional single ventricle before stage-3 operation is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of myocardial fibrosis identified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in patients with univentricular heart diseases. Methods: Consecutive 23 patients undergoing staged-3 surgical palliation with single ventricle physiology were prospectively scheduled to have cMRI study with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging and ventricle circumferential strain were examined. Results: Of 23 patients (mean age 3.3±0.9 years), 6 (26%) had positive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE+) in the ventricular myocardium, median percent LGE was 3.0% (interquartile range 3.0% to 14.0%). Pre-Fontan examinations revealed that patients with LGE+ had increased end-diastolic volume index (142.8 ml/BSA vs. 113.8 ml/BSA; P=0.02), increased end-systolic volume index (101.0 ml/BSA vs. 72.2 ml/BSA); P=0.01) compared with those without LGE (LGE-). Patients with LGE have shown to have lower ventricular circumferential strain compared with the area without LGE (basal: −1.9±1.9% vs. −4.0±3.0%, P=0.046; mid: −3.9±2.1% vs −8.0±3.9%, P=0.007; apical: −3.9±2.4% vs. −8.2±2.8%, P=0.004). In contrast to LGE- group, patients in LGE+ group had decreased right ventricular ejection fraction (27.7±8.8% vs. 38.2±8.4%; P=0.02) as well as higher levels of BNP (99.2±75.7 pg/ml vs. 32.6±44.3 pg/ml, P=0.02). In addition, patients with LGE+ had higher score of Ross classification (2.5±0.55 vs. 2.0±0, P=0.02) and New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (11.0±3.5 vs. 7.8±1.1, P=0.01) than in LGE- group. Age at stage-2 palliation was significantly older in patients with LGE+ group than LGE- subjects (16.8±16 months vs. 8.8±3.4 months, P=0.03). Conclusion: In this pre-stage-3 cMRI study, the age to stage-2 palliation may attribute to substantial myocardial fibrosis. The area of LGE was associated with impaired regional circumferential strain as well as disturbed ventricular performance. This novel strategy may provide a possible prognostic value of latent myocardial dysfunction after staged palliation.
Exhaled nitric oxide in reactive pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Caterina Bucca, Pierluigi Omedè, Walter Grosso Marra, Irene Parisi, Arianna Vaudano, Marta Malandra, Monica Masoero, Luisa Brussino, Corrado Magnino, A. Milan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates heart failure. In some patients, pulmonary vessels undergo reactive changes due to the chronic elevation of the left ventricular pressure, resulting in severe pulmonary hypertension and increased transpulmonary gradient (TPG). There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by the respiratory epithelium plays a role in the regulation of pulmonary artery pressure.  Aims and objectives. To evaluate whether exhaled NO has a role in reactive PH  Methods. Seven patients with reactive PH (rPH) were compared to 14 patients with passive PH (pPH) and to 15 control patients without PH. All the patients underwent heart catheterization, lung function tests and exhaled NO (FENO), assessed at multiple flow-rates. Alveolar NO and bronchial NO flux (J9awNO) were calculated using the slope–intercept model.  Results. The results are displayed in the Table.  Patients with PHr had significantly lower FEV1/VC% ratio, lung diffusion (TLCO) and J9awNO. J9awNO was closely inversely related to TPG (r=0.385, p=0.032).  Conclusion. It is still unknown why some patients develop severe and/or fixed PH with the same degree of elevated left-sided filling pressure. Our findings suggest that decreased bronchial NO flux and lung diffusing capacity may contribute to reactive PH.
Outcomes in extremely preterm US infants improve, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Changes in maternal and infant care practices over the past two decades have been associated with improved survival, as well as modest but significant reductions in many of the common morbidities seen in extremely preterm neonates, a US study has found.1

In the study Barbara J Stoll, of the Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, and colleagues evaluated preterm infants born with a gestational age of 22 weeks 0 days through 28 weeks 6 days and a birth weight of 401-1500 g. All were born at or admitted to 26 hospitals selected from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s neonatal research network over two decades from 1993 to 2013. These medical centers all have large obstetric and neonatal services and specialist knowledge in caring for high risk mothers and extremely preterm newborns.

Infants were followed prospectively until death, hospital …
Value of Combined Approach With Thallium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction in CSF for the Diagnosis of AIDS-Related Primary CNS Lymphoma
Authors: A. Antinori, G. De Rossi, A. Ammassari, A. Cingolani, R. Murri, D. Di Giuda, A. De Luca, F. Pierconti, T. Tartaglione, M. Scerrati, L. M. Larocca, L. Ortona
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic capability of thallium-201 ( 201 Tl) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA) in CSF for the diagnosis of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with focal brain lesions observed between June 1996 and March 1998 underwent lumbar puncture and 201 Tl SPECT. Each CSF sample was tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV-DNA. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were included, 13 with PCNSL and 18 with nontumor disorders. In 11 PCNSL patients, EBV-DNA was positive. Thallium-201 uptake ranged from 1.90 to 4.07 in PCNSL cases (mean, 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35 to 3.19) and from 0.91 to 3.38 in nontumor patients (mean, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.94) (P &lt; .0002). Using a lesion/background ratio of 1.95 as cutoff, a negative SPECT was found in one PCNSL case and 16 nonneoplastic cases. A cryptococcoma and a tuberculoma showed highly increased 201 Tl uptake. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was never detected in nonneoplastic patients. For PCNSL diagnosis, hyperactive lesions showed 92% sensitivity and 94% negative predictive value (NPV), whereas positive EBV-DNA had 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value. The presence of increased uptake and/or positive EBV-DNA had 100% sensitivity and 100% NPV. CONCLUSION: Combined SPECT and EBV-DNA showed a very high diagnostic accuracy for AIDS-related PCNSL. Because PCNSL likelihood is extremely high in patients with hyperactive lesions and positive EBV-DNA, brain biopsy could be avoided, and patients could promptly undergo radiotherapy or multimodal therapy. On the contrary, in patients showing hypoactive lesions with negative EBV-DNA, empiric anti-Toxoplasma therapy is indicated. In patients with discordant SPECT/PCR results, brain biopsy seems to be advisable.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: E P MCCULLAGH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1952)

Article1 October 1952RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISME. PERRY MCCULLAGH, M.D., F.A.C.P.E. PERRY MCCULLAGH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-37-4-739 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRadioactive iodine has been used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism for over 10 years and is much more popular today than ever before. Of the 12 isotopes of iodine known, only I131 is now used in thyroid disease.There are many fortunate circumstances which make I131 particularly useful, especially in Graves' disease. I should like to recall to your minds what some of these characteristics are, and to enumerate seven of them.First, although in essentials the effects are the same as from x-ray or radium, with them the radiation dose to the thyroid is limited to approximately 2,000 roentgens,...Bibliography1. ChapmanCornerRobinsonEvans EMGWDRD: Collection of radioactive iodine by human fetal thyroid, J. Clin. Endocrinol. 8: 717, 1948. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. StanburyBrownelRiggsPerinettidel CastilloItoiz JBGDDSHEJ: Iodine-deficient human thyroid gland. Preliminary report, J. Clin. Endocrinol. 12: 191, 1952. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. ClarkMoeAdams DERHEE: Rate of conversion of administered inorganic radioactive iodine into protein-bound iodine of plasma as an aid in evaluation of thyroid function, Surgery 26: 331, 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*From the Symposium on Thyroid Disease, presented at the Thirty-third Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Cleveland, Ohio, April 23, 1952.From the Cleveland Clinic and the Frank E. Bunts Educational Institute. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by131-J-Therapie (a−c) Present Status of Radioiodine Treatment of HyperthyroidismComplications of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidismDie Strahlentherapie gutartiger Erkrankungen innersekretorischer DrüsenDie Strahlentherapie gutartiger Erkrankungen innersekretorischer DrüsenMyxedema following radioactive iodine therapy of hyperthyroidismEvaluation of Radioactive Iodine (I 131 ) as a Treatment for HyperthyroidismTherapie der Schilddrüse mit RadiojodTREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE (I 231 )Krankheiten der SchilddrüseThe Current Treatment of Hyperthyroidism 1 October 1952Volume 37, Issue 4Page: 739-744KeywordsHyperthyroidismThyroidThyroid diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1952 PDF downloadLoading ...
Incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia during gefitinib treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: A. Uchida, M. Tabata, K. Matsuo, A. Ogino, Y. Fujiwara, K. Hotta, K. Shinagawa, K. Kiura, H. Ueoka, M. Tanimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7189 Background: Gefitinib is an orally active epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The introduction of gefitinib had a great clinical impact in the treatment of advanced and chemotherapy-refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although short-term adverse events of gefitinib such as skin rash, hepatotoxicity, and interstitial lung disease have been identified, long-term adverse events have not been clearly elucidated. Method: We retrospectively reviewed 108 cases of NSCLC treated with gefitinib between November 2001 and December 2004 in our single institution, and they were included in our gefitinib cohort. Results: We found three cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) among 108 NSCLC patients treated by gefitinib. Durations from the beginning of initial gefitinib treatment to onset of APL were 15.5, 22 and 25 months. All three cases showed t(15;17) rearrangement and responded well to all-trans retinoic acid. Our gefitinib cohort included 67 men and 41 women with a median age of 60.5 years (range, 28 to 81 years), 92 (85%) adenocarcinoma including three bronchioloalveolar cell type, 10 (9%) squamous cell carcinoma, two adenosquamous cell carcinoma, two large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and two large cell carcinoma. Total person-years observed from gefitinib initiation until November 30, 2004 or the last day of follow-up was 75. Crude incidence rate of APL in our cohort based upon Poisson distribution was 2309 (95% confidence interval (CI): 824–11690) per 100,000. In contrast, crude incidence of whole leukemia (coded as ICD10 C91–95) in Okayama prefecture during 1996 to 2000 was 6.3 (95% CI: 5.8–6.8) per 100,000. Therefore, crude incidence rate ratio was 639.9 (95% CI: 131.6–1878.9, exact p-value < 0.0001), indicating extremely high incidence of APL among NSCLC patients who received gefitinib treatment. Conclusions: Although we cannot exclude an effect of other cytotoxic agents as well as radiotherapy, high incidence of APL in our cohort suggest that gefitinib may induce APL. Further clarification of clinical and biological association between gefitinib and APL is required. No significant financial relationships to disclose.