tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of total IgE and seasonal increase of eosinophil cationic protein on bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic grass‐sensitized farmers
Authors: M. Di Gioacchino, E. Cavallucci, F. Di Stefano, N. Verna, S. Ramondo, S. Ciuffreda, G. Riccioni, P. Boscolo
Journal: Allergy (2000)

This study correlates biomarkers of atopy (serum total and specific IgE) and inflammation (serum eosinophil cationic protein) with bronchial hyperreactivity assessed after the complete end of pollination, in a group of farmers suffering from grass-allergic asthma.A total of 28 asthmatic farmers, with allergy to grass pollen, reporting persistent asthma symptoms after grass pollination, were enrolled. An accurate allergologic screening excluded other sensitizations. Analysis of total and grass-specific IgE and eosinophil cationic protein was carried out before (March) and during (May) the following spring. After the complete end of pollination, bronchial hyperreactivity was assessed.Symptoms (cough, wheezing) persisted during the autumn for a mean period of 41 days (range 13-69). Total IgE was moderately high and grass-specific IgE ranged from 9.25 to 41.12 kU/l without significant differences before and during spring. On the contrary, serum ECP levels significantly increased during the pollination period. PD20 methacholine evaluated after the end of grass pollination was negatively significantly correlated with levels of total IgE (r=-0.73; P<0.01) and the increase (from March to May) of serum ECP (r=-0.75; P<0.01). However, PD20 methacholine did not correlate with grass-specific IgE and serum ECP absolute values of both March and May. A positive correlation was found between number of postseasonal days with symptoms and both spring increase of serum ECP (r=0.75; P=0.04) and levels of total IgE (r=0.76; P<0.01). The number of postseasonal days with symptoms inversely correlated with postseason PD20 methacholine (r=-0.76; P<0.01).The study demonstrates that in grass-sensitized farmers with asthmatic symptoms persisting for several weeks after grass pollination has ceased, the degree of airways hyperreactivity and the duration of postseasonal symptoms are directly related to the spring increase of ECP levels, as well as to the level of total IgE in serum. This allows us to identify two candidate biomarkers for the risk of developing prolonged asthma symptoms, and for the effective monitoring of anti-inflammatory treatment and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Recanalization of Thrombosed Arteries Under Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: H. P. Wright, M. M. Kubik, M. Hayden
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Arterial occlusion, due entirely or partially to throm- bosis, is a result of various pathological processes.In every case, however, it is a serious development which endangers the vitality of the organ or extremity con- cerned.It is evident that details of treatment must be modified according to the primary disease and the artery affected.Apart from promoting the collateral circula- tion and other measures designed to balance the disproportion between blood supply and local oxygen requirements, it is the dissolution or recanalization of the obstructing clot which should be the ultimate aim of treatment.We have already presented evidence that the rate of recanalization of venous channels which had been thrombosed experimentally was greatly accelerated when the prothrombin activity was adequately lowered by the administration of suitable doses of a dicoumarol anti- coagulant (ethyl biscoumacetate, " tromexan ") (Wright, Kubik, and Hayden, 1952).Encouraged by the findings in a preliminary investigation upon recanalization of arteries (Kubik and Wright, 1950), a more complete experimental study has been undertaken to assess the value of dicoumarol treatment in thrombosis in these vessels. Methods Since it wasfound that blood prothrombin levels fluctuated considerably during anticoagulant treatment and that doe rabbits often died from uterine haemorrhage, full- grown young bucks were used throughout the following experiments.Under pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia the femoral artery was exposed for a length of 2 cm. on one or both sides through a longitudinal incision on the median aspect of the thigh.The stripped length of vessel was lifted on four ligatures spaced about 1 cm.apart, so that its lumen was able to be compressed in three sections.Just enough
1186 PEG-IFN alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS) plus amantadine (AMA) or ribavirin (RBV) in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: G IDEO, A ATTILI, S BABUDIERI, A CHIRIANNI, A CRAXI, G DIPERRI, A FRANCAVILLA, A MANGIA, A PICCIOTTO, M RIZZETTO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Chromium cycling in soils and water: links, gaps, and methods.
Authors: R J Bartlett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The major links in the cycling of chromium in soils and in natural waters are between chromium(III) and chromium (VI). Between the larger links are lesser links involving processes of mobilization and oxidation of CrIII and reduction of CrVI. The gaps are mainly in our understanding of the factors that control these processes. If soluble CrIII is added to an "average" soil, a portion of it will become immediately oxidized by manganese oxides to CrVI. The rest of the CrIII may remain reduced for long periods of time, even in the presence of electron-accepting manganese oxides. However, this less available CrIII can be mobilized by low molecular weight organic complexers and then oxidized where redox conditions are optimal. Usually part of any CrVI added to a soil or sediment will be reduced instantly, especially under acid conditions. On the other hand, high concentrations of polluting CrVI may quickly exhaust the readily available reducing power of the matrix material and excess CrVI, the thermodynamically stable form in air, may persist for years in soils or lagoons without reduction. Cleanup of chromium pollution must involve the surrounding of both CrIII and CrVI with excesses of slowly available reducing substances and sealing them permanently from inputs of atmospheric oxygen. Monitoring the effectiveness of the measures is mandatory, but fortunately the chemical testing for CrVI in soil and water is simple and problem free compared with most colorimetric determinations.
The Voluntary Hospital — How Can It Survive in the Modern World?
Authors: Nathaniel W. Faxon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN 1811 the citizens of Boston, led by a minister, a physician and a surgeon, established the Massachusetts General Hospital. The McLean Hospital, for patients with mental diseases, was opened in 1818, and the hospital for medical and surgical illnesses in 1821. Thus was sickness divorced from poverty and crime, from the almshouse and the prison.The first state hospital, the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, was not built until 1830, twelve years after McLean Hospital; the Boston City Hospital was opened in 1864, forty-three years after the Massachusetts General Hospital. Thus did private foresight, initiative and action precede political recognition. What . . .
The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, AZD2171, Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Signaling and Growth of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model
Authors: Fernando Gomez-Rivera, Alfredo A. Santillan-Gomez, Maher N. Younes, Seungwon Kim, David Fooshee, Mei Zhao, Samar A. Jasser, Jeffrey N. Myers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a locally aggressive type of thyroid tumor with high rate of distant metastases. With conventional treatment, the median survival ranges from 4 to 12 months; therefore, new treatment options are needed. AZD2171 is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. The objective of the study is to determine whether AZD2171 can inhibit VEGFR-2 signaling and decrease tumor growth and prolong survival of ATC in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Experimental Design: We examined the effects of AZD2171 on phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and AKT in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. To determine the antiproliferative and antiapoptotic effects of AZD2171, we did 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays, respectively. We assessed the antitumor effects of AZD2171 in a xenograft model of ATC using control, AZD2171, paclitaxel, and combination groups by measuring tumor size and survival. Results: Treatment with AZD2171 led to dose-dependent inhibition of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (IC50 for cell proliferation, 500 nmol/L). In the ATC cell lines DRO and ARO, IC50 was 7.5 μmol/L. AZD2171 induced apoptosis in 50% of endothelial and ATC cells at 3 and 10 μmol/L concentrations, respectively. In vivo, AZD2171 led to a significant reduction in tumor size between control and AZD2171 (P = 0.002) or AZD2171 + paclitaxel group (P = 0.002) but not the paclitaxel alone group (P = 0.11). Survival was significantly higher among AZD2171 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and combination groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared with control. Conclusions: AZD2171 effectively inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival of ATC-bearing mice. The main effect of AZD2171 is mediated through angiogenesis inhibition.
Adverse Health Effects of Child Labor: High Exposure to Chromium and Oxidative DNA Damage in Children Manufacturing Surgical Instruments
Authors: Muhammad Sughis, Tim S. Nawrot, Vincent Haufroid, Benoit Nemery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

A considerable part of the worldwide production of surgical instruments takes place in Sialkot, Pakistan. Many children work in hazardous conditions in this industry.
Mast Cell Stabilization Reduces Hemorrhage Formation and Mortality After Administration of Thrombolytics in Experimental Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Daniel Strbian, Marja-Liisa Karjalainen-Lindsberg, Petri T. Kovanen, Turgut Tatlisumak, Perttu J. Lindsberg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves stroke outcome, but hemorrhagic complications and reperfusion injury occasionally impede favorable prognosis after vessel recanalization. Perivascularly located cerebral mast cells (MCs) release on degranulation potent vasoactive, proteolytic, and fibrinolytic substances. We previously found MCs to increase ischemic and hemorrhagic brain edema and neutrophil accumulation. This study examined the role of MCs in tPA-mediated hemorrhage formation (HF) and reperfusion injury.Exposure to tPA in vitro induced strong MC degranulation. In vivo experiments in a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats showed 70- to 100-fold increase in HF after postischemic tPA administration (P<0.001). Pharmacological MC stabilization with cromoglycate led to significant reduction in tPA-mediated HF at 3 (97%), 6 (76%), and 24 hours (96%) compared with controls (P<0.01, P<0.001, and P<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, genetically modified MC-deficient rats showed similarly robust reduction of tPA-mediated HF at 6 (92%) and 24 (89%) hours compared with wild-type littermates (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). MC stabilization and MC deficiency also significantly reduced other hallmarks of reperfusion injury, such as brain swelling and neutrophil infiltration. These effects of cromoglycate and MC deficiency translated into significantly better neurological outcome (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) and lower mortality (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively) after 24 hours.MCs appear to play an important role in HF and reperfusion injury after tPA administration. Pharmacological stabilization of MCs could offer a novel type of therapy to improve the safety of administration of thrombolytics.
Sickle Cell Anemia and Iron Deficiency
Authors: Clayton Natta
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The case of a 23-year-old patient with sickle cell anemia and coexisting iron deficiency is described. The iron deficiency was not a result of phlebotomies, hematuria, or a gastrointestinal lesion, but was most likely the result of intravascular hemolysis and the rapid turnover of irreversibly sickled cells. This syndrome is commonly confused with sickle β'-thalassemia. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1442-1443)
Atherothrombosis — Wave Goodbye to Combined Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy?
Authors: Emile R. Mohler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Atherothrombosis describes the occurrence of both atherosclerosis and thrombosis in an artery, a common feature of peripheral arterial disease.1 It is estimated that 1 in 16 U.S. residents who were at least 40 years of age in 2000 (approximately 8.5 million persons) had peripheral arterial disease.2 Although claudication is frequent in and seriously limits the lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease, the most common cause of death in these patients is from coexisting atherothrombosis in the coronary or carotid arteries, resulting in a risk of myocardial infarction or stroke that is three times as high as the risk in . . .
Serum antibody to staphylococcal teichoic acid and α-haemolysin in dermatological patients
Authors: U. LARINKARI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Teichoic acid antibody (TAA) titres and antibody to α-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus (ASta) were measured in 274 dermatological patients and 200 normal controls. Positive Asta values (≥2.0 iu/ml) were common in patients with chronic pruritic dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis (44% ASta positive) and infective eczema (28% ASta positive), but patients with primary pyoderma were all ASta negative. Positive TAA titres (≥1:4) were seen less frequently than positive ASta values, but still significantly more often in atopic dermatitis patients than in controls. Routine skin swabs were taken from all patients, but positive TAA or ASta tests correlated neither with growth of Staphylococcus aureus from skin lesions nor with signs of clinical infection. This study shows that the TAA test cannot be used as an indicator of septic staphylococcal infection in patients with atopic dermatitis.
A study of the labetalol-induced changes in conductivity and refractoriness of the dog heart in situ
Authors: J. P. AMLIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article A study of the labetalol-induced changes in conductivity and refractoriness of the dog heart in situ Get access JAN P. AMLIE JAN P. AMLIE 1 From Medical Department B and Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet, Oslo 1, Norway 1Correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Jan P. Amlie, Medical Department B, Rikshospitalet, Oslo 1, Norway. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 11, November 1978, Pages 646–652, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.11.646 Published: 01 November 1978
Failing the Public Health — Rofecoxib, Merck, and the FDA
Authors: Eric J. Topol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On May 21, 1999, Merck was granted approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market rofecoxib (Vioxx). On September 30, 2004, after more than 80 million patients had taken this medicine and annual sales had topped $2.5 billion, the company withdrew the drug because of an excess risk of myocardial infarctions and strokes. This represents the largest prescription-drug withdrawal in history, but had the many warning signs along the way been heeded, such a debacle could have been prevented. Neither of the two major forces in this five-and-a-half-year affair — neither Merck nor the FDA — fulfilled its . . .
Magnetic resonance imaging of human endothelial progenitors reveals opposite effects on vascular and muscle regeneration into ischaemic tissues
Authors: Anita Gianella, Uliano Guerrini, Manuela Tilenni, Luigi Sironi, Giuseppina Milano, Elena Nobili, Stefania Vaga, Maurizio C. Capogrossi, Elena Tremoli, Maurizio Pesce
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsThe assessment of progenitor cell survival and efficacy after transplantation is one of the major challenges in cardiovascular cell therapy. Translation of currently used imaging techniques to patients is not immediate. Possible options include iron oxide particle loading into cells to be tracked using magnetic resonance (MR) and by MR-based water diffusion anisotropy analysis. The aim of the present study was to assess, using these techniques, the localization and survival of human ‘early’ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and their effects on vascular and skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of hind limb ischaemia.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and the Risk of Lymph-Node Metastases: Indications Revisited?
Authors: M. Vieth, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Four articles in the present issue of Endoscopy deal in different ways with Barrett's esophagus and the management of cancer and its risk of development [1] [2] [3] [4]. A literature review found that endoscopic surveillance is unlikely to affect mortality, since surveillance covers so few of the actual Barrett's patients; strategies therefore have to be developed to identify those at risk [1]. A method of submucosal dissection for neoplasia at the esophagogastric junction is reported by a Japanese group. In 30 such patients with esophagogastric junction tumors, at least four of the lesions were Barrett's cancers [2]. The authors achieved a very high R0 en-bloc resection rate (97 %). This aim of this technique, which has been reported previously with variable success rates [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10], is to overcome the limitations of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Using conventional techniques, EMR in most cases only allows piecemeal resection with a low primary R0 resection rate, or at least inherent uncertainty as to whether or not the tumor has been completely removed [11].
Unit of observation versus unit of analysis
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers investigated the effects of a school based educational programme aimed at reducing the consumption of carbonated drinks to prevent weight gain in children aged 7-11 years. A cluster randomised controlled trial study design was used. The programme, which was delivered over one school year, focused on promoting a healthy diet. The control group received no intervention. Six primary schools in southwest England were recruited and 29 classes were involved in the trial. Classes were randomised to treatment, with 15 classes allocated to the educational programme (325 children) and 14 to the control treatment (319 children).1

The outcome measures included consumption of carbonated drinks. Each child recorded the number of glasses (average size 250 mL) that he or she drank over a three day period at baseline and at the end of the trial, and the change from baseline was obtained. For each class (the cluster), the average change in consumption of carbonated drinks across all children was derived. The treatment groups were compared with regard to the average change within clusters. Over one school year, the consumption of carbonated drinks decreased by a mean of …
Adherent cell function in murine T-lymphocyte antigen recognition. IV. Enhancement of murine T-cell antigen recognition by human leukocytic pyrogen.
Authors: L J Rosenwasser, C A Dinarello, A S Rosenthal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

A macrophage-dependent, antigen-specific murine T-cell proliferation assay was utilized to examine the role of soluble products of murine and human adherent cells in the activation of T lymphocytes. Highly purified human leukocytic pyrogen, and supernates from both murine and human mononuclear phagocytes-macrophages stimulated the immune T-cell proliferative response to the multideterminant antigens dinitrophenyl-ovalbumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The implications of these studies and the relationship of leukocytic pyrogen to human lymphocyte-activating factor are discussed.
Satisfaction with bispectral index monitoring of propofol-mediated sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: A. Imagawa, S. Fujiki, Y. Kawahara, H. Matsushita, S. Ota, T. Tomoda, Y. Morito, I. Sakakihara, T. Fujimoto, A. Taira, H. Tsugeno, S. Kawano, S. Yagi, R. Takenaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Imagawa et al., pp. 905Endoscopy 2008; 40(11): 1058-1058DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306886
Epigenetic modifications as new targets for liver disease therapies
Authors: Müjdat Zeybel, Derek A. Mann, Jelena Mann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

An important discovery from the human genome mapping project was that it is comprised of a surprisingly low number of genes,with recent estimates suggesting they are as few as 25,000 [1].This supported an alternative hypothesis that our complexity in comparison with lower order species is likely to be determined by regulatory mechanisms operating at levels above the fundamental DNA sequences of the genome [2]. One set of mechanisms that dictate tissue and cellular complexity can be described by the overarching term "epigenetics". In the 1940s, Conrad Waddington described epigenetics as "the branch of biology which studies the causal interactions between genes and their products which bring the phenotype into being". Today we understand epigenetics as a gene regulatory system comprised of 3 major mechanisms including DNA modifications (e.g., methylation), use of histone variants and post-translational modifications of the amino acid tails of histones and non-coding RNAs of which microRNAs are the best characterized [3,4]. Together, these mechanisms orchestrate numerous sets of chemical reactions that switch parts of the genome on and off at specific times and locations.Epigenetic marks, or the epigenome, exhibit a high degree of cellular-specificity and developmental or environmentally driven dynamic plasticity. Due to being at the interface between genome and the environment, the epigenome evolves at a very high rate compared to genetic mutations. Indeed, the differences in the epigenome account for most of the phenotypic uniqueness between closely related species, especially primates. More interestingly,the epigenetic changes, or epimutations, within an individual are not only maintained over cellular generations, but may also be transmitted between generations, such that adaptive epimutations generated in response to a particular environmental cue can influence phenotypes in our children and grandchildren [5].
Interleukin-2 enhances the depressed natural killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: A H Rook, H Masur, H C Lane, W Frederick, T Kasahara, A M Macher, J Y Djeu, J F Manischewitz, L Jackson, A S Fauci, G V Quinnan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The recently described acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by the occurrence of severe opportunistic infections and an aggressive form of Kaposi's sarcoma. A variety of profound defects in cell-mediated immunity have been reported in association with the AIDS, including deficiencies in natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cytotoxicity. In the present study, the in vitro effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon beta (IFN Beta) on these abnormalities were examined to assess the potential use of these lymphokines in the immunotherapeutic treatment of this syndrome. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from six male homosexuals with AIDS and an active CMV infection exhibited markedly depressed NK cell and CMV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte responses compared with uninfected, heterosexual control subjects. Incubation of PBL with IFN Beta enhanced the NK cell activity and the CMV-specific cytotoxicity of only one of six and neither of two AIDS patients, respectively, while enhancing the NK cell activity of all six control subjects. In contrast, IL-2 dramatically enhanced both the NK cell and the CMV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte activities of all of the patients. These results indicate that IL-2 can substantially potentiate the depressed cytotoxic effector functions of PBL from AIDS patients, while IFN Beta has little effect.