tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cataclysm and departure
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cataclysm and departureYou ought to have a theme issue on "America as a global threat to health" suggested one of our correspondents, perhaps facetiously.Imagining the downcast face of our North American editor, the plummeting circulation of BMJUSA, and the wagging finger and circumlocutions of Donald Rumsfeld, we promptly decided against.But this issue could have provided the beginnings for such a theme.A serious response to global warming needed American leadership.Instead, we got the opposite.The United States, which produces a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases, turned its back on the Kyoto agreement.As a result we are not responding adequately to global warming, and our grandchildren will find themselves in an increasingly degraded world.Now the American creativity and flair, which most of us admire, has produced not a solution to the problem but a film to scare us witless.Our cover picture, taken from the film The Day After Tomorrow, shows New York under water.Global warming is causing disasters.New Delhi is snow covered, and Britain is in the grip of an ice age because the Gulf Stream has switched off.Shakoor Hajat writes that the film presents "the worst case scenario" (p 1323), but Jonathan Patz tells us that global warming means not just a gradual climb in temperature but also an increased frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events-heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms (p 1269).It is also likely to increase the number of hungry people by 90 million this century (p 1324).Peter Drahos and David Henry are upset by the United States because it is using its trade powers to undermine rational drug policies in Australia (p 1271).The Australians have a tough policy on subsidising only drugs that are cost effective, but a new trade agreement creates a body to dispute decisions of the committee that decides on subsidies.This agreement, argue the editorialists, is one of several that is diluting the Doha declaration of the World Trade Organisation that aimed "to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all."Before I'm accused of being "anti-American" I must tell you that I will be leaving the BMJ to become chief executive of a European company being created by the UnitedHealth Group, the largest health and wellbeing company in the United States, to work with European public health systems, including the NHS (p 1276).The company will be aiming to help speed modernisation of the NHS.My main reason for leaving is that a quarter of a century is enough.I've had a wonderful time, and, like Woody Allen sweeping the floors in a strip club, I would have paid for the privilege of editing the BMJ.
Behavior Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa-Reply
Authors: Hilde Bruch
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am glad to see that Dr. Wolpe agrees that behavior therapy produced unsatisfactory results in the cases on whom I reported. However, explaining this by the inadequacies of individual behavior therapists avoids the real issue, namely, that this poor type of treatment is being practiced all over the country under the name of behavior therapy. Since I wrote my brief report, I have seen four more anorectic patients who had been treated with behavior modification in prestigious hospitals in states as far apart as New Jersey and Washington, Florida and California, and with similar disastrous results. There is no way of escaping the conclusion that this is a poor method for the treatment of anorexia nervosa and that it attracts poor practitioners. Though agoraphobia does not appear relevant to explain the misuse of behavior therapy in anorexia nervosa, I was pleased to see in Dr. Wolpe's discussion
Injuries from domestic glazing.
Authors: S. Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1992)

detect an intrauterine pregnancy within five days of a missed Further developments in colour Doppler imaging, colour period and a fetal heart beat within 10 days.If an in- velocity imaging, and three dimensional computerised trans- experienced operator fails to detect an intrauterine pregnancy vaginal sonography for use in screening herald possibilities for within 10 days of a missed period and the result of a research well into the next century.pregnancy test is positive then laparoscopy is indicated to R K GOSWAMY diagnose and treat the ectopic pregnancy before rupture.
Venerable Presidio Houses Varied Medical, Research Programs for Army
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE spanning the sparkling bay off to one side, picture-pretty houses on the hills of the beckoning city on another, and buildings stretched out for acres all across the historic manicured grounds of the oldest established military base in the United States—that's the Presidio of San Francisco, Calif. In this idyllic setting is the Letterman Army Institute of Research.  On September 14, 1966, the Department of the Army established the US Medical Research Unit at the Presidio. Its mission was to conduct general research in medicine and dentistry. Then, between 1969 and 1973, four other activities were combined to form the Letterman Army Institute of Research.  Letterman Army Medical Center, also at the Presidio, is under the Army's Health Services Command and trains military interns and residents, while Letterman Army Institute of Research is under the Army Research and Development Command. The medical center, an approximately 400-bed facility
Propranolol for Severe Hemangiomas of Infancy
Authors: Christine Léauté-Labrèze, Eric Dumas de la Roque, Thomas Hubiche, Franck Boralevi, Jean-Benoît Thambo, Alain Taïeb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Despite their self-limited course, infantile capillary hemangiomas can impair vital or sensory functions or cause disfigurement. These authors have observed in 11 children that propranolol can inhibit the growth of these hemangiomas.
Predictors of severe systemic anaphylactic reactions in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy: Importance of baseline serum tryptase—a study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity
Authors: Franziska Ruëff, Bernhard Przybilla, Maria Beatrice Biló, Ulrich Müller, Fabian Scheipl, Werner Aberer, Joëlle Birnbaum, Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk, Floriano Bonifazi, Christoph Bucher, Paolo Campi, Ulf Darsow, Cornelia Egger, Gabrielle Haeberli, Thomas Hawranek, Michael Körner, Iwona Kucharewicz, Helmut Küchenhoff, Roland Lang, Oliviero Quercia, Norbert Reider, Maurizio Severino, Michael Sticherling, Gunter Johannes Sturm, Brunello Wüthrich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Skin Lesions due to Pitch and Tar
Authors: P. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1948)

The terms " pitch " and " tar " refer to a multitude of sub- stances of varying composition and complexity, and & brief study of these compounds is desirable for the better appreciation of some of the problems they produce in industry.In addition to various asphalts and bitumens, Abraham (1945) in his recent treatise describes many types of pitch and tar, their origin and mode of preparation, but from our point of view we need consider only those derived from wood and coal.Wood Tars and Pitches.-These are made by distilling various kinds of wood.Typical examples are the Stock- holm, Norwegian, and Russian tars, all of which are used in the tarring of ropes, fishing-nets, boats, etc.Coal-Tar and Pitch.-Themain supply of tar in this country is from the destructive distillation of coal-a process carried out first and foremost in all gas-works, and, secondly, by the big iron and steel manufacturers.In the former instance we have the gas-works tar and in the latter the coke-oven variety.A small amount of blast-furnace tar is formed as a by-product in some of the Scottish iron- works where-"splint " coal is used in the extraction of the pure metal from its ore; and an increasing quantity of tar is being made by the low-temperature carbonization of coal. ChemislryAs the chemical composition of tar and pitch has a direct bearing on the production of skin lesions it is necessary to consider not only the mode of preparation but also some of the concomitant chemical changes.Tar is made by distilling coal, and pitch is the residue left after the distillation of tar.Distillation of Coal.-At the gas-works coal is placed into retorts and heated to a temperature ranging from 1,2000 to 1,400°C.(Martin, 1917), and, as the coal decomposes, ammonia, steam, coal-gas, and crude tar are evolved, leaving an amorphous mass of coke in the retorts.Similar decomposition occurs when coal is treated in the coke ovens, though the final products may vary somewhat from those produced in the retort houses.In both cases, however, the crude tar is collected for further distillation.In the low- temperature carbonization process the coal is distilled at a reading not exceeding 700' C.Distillation of Crude Tar.-This process is carried out either at the gas-works by-products department or at the special tar distilleries.The results of a typical fractional distillation are indicated in Table I, but it must be stressed that the chemicals which are ultimately formed depend on several factors: (a) the type of coal in the original distilla- tion; (b) the exact method of coal treatment-whether by vertical, inclined, or horizontal retort; (c) the temperature and conditions prevailing in the retort itself; and (d) theTABLE I.-Distillation of Crude Coal-Tar Temperature Compounds Produced 170' C. .Light oils: benzol, toluol, xylols 170-2300 C.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1: the p.Gly170Arg AGXT mutation is associated with a better outcome
Authors: Jérôme Harambat, Sonia Fargue, Cécile Acquaviva, Marie-France Gagnadoux, Françoise Janssen, Aurélia Liutkus, Chebl Mourani, Marie-Alice Macher, Daniel Abramowicz, Christophe Legendre, Antoine Durrbach, Michel Tsimaratos, Hubert Nivet, Eric Girardin, Anne-Marie Schott, Marie-Odile Rolland, Pierre Cochat
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
THE MECHANISM OF THE ACTION OF IODIDES ON THE NITROGEN METABOLISM
Authors: G. P. Grabfield, C. Gray, B. Flower, Emily Knapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

It has been shown by a number of observers that the administration of iodides both to dogs and to human beings causes an increase in the output of nitrogen in the urine. One of the earliest observers (1) working with dogs showed that this was in part at the expense of the nitrogen excreted in the feces, but that the total amount of nitrogen excreted was none the less increased. We have been able to confirm this in human beings and also in the dog. Iodine has been shown to have lytic effects on fibrous tissue of which this increased nitrogen elimination may be a manifestation. Soilman (2) too has demonstrated this lytic action on subcutaneous nodules produced by the injection of local anesthetics. Various hypotheses have been offered to explain the mechanism of this action of iodides. Tnhibition of antitryptic activity of the blood has been postulated by Jobling and Peterson (3) to account for the lytic action of iodine. In previous work from this laboratory it has been shown that in the human being there is an increase in the nitrogen excretion following the ingestion of iodides (4). It has been further shown that this increase does not change the nitrogen partition (5). It has been shown that the administration of sodium iodide for three days is accompanied by an immediate increase of 15 per cent in the nitrogen excretion in the urine, coinciding with the period of drug administration. During this period the non-protein nitrogen of the blood fell only slightly. However, when potassium iodide was administered the increased excretion of nitrogen was delayed and the non-protein nitrogen of the blood rose until the increased excretion began. Consequently this nitrogen must come from some source in the body rather than represent simple retention due to kidney impermeability
Failure of saralasin acetate, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II, to diminish alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction in the dog
Authors: C. A. HALES, E. T. ROUSE, H. KAZEMI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The role of angiotensin II in the pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia was investigated with the competitive inhibitor of angiotensin, saralasin acetate. Unilateral alveolar hypoxia was induced in dogs by ventilation of one lung with 100% N2 through a double lumened endotracheal cannula while maintaining adequate systemic oxygenation by ventilating the other lung with 100% O2. Pulmonary perfusion was monitored with 133Xe and external detectors. In 8 dogs perfusion to the test lung on room air before N2 ventilation was 49.2% (SEM ±3.8) of total lung perfusion. After 7 min of nitrogen ventilation, perfusion to that lung was 35.6% (SEM ± 2.9) of cardiac output (P<0.001), a reduction of 27.5% (SEM ±2.4). After infusion of 6-24 μg·kg1/min of saralasin acetate, beginning 2 min before the alveolar hypoxic challenge and continuing through it, unilateral alveolar hypoxia continued to reduce perfusion to that lung by 28.8% (P=0.6 from control). In 2 dogs a higher infusion of 60 μg·kg/−1min failed to reduce the alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction and in 2 dogs a 15 min infusion of 6 μg·kg−1 of saralasin acetate before alveolar hypoxia and continuing through it, still failed to inhibit alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction. Thus, no role was demonstrated for angiotensin II in acute alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction of the dog.
Pre-conditioning with adenosine leads to concentration-dependent infarct size reduction in the isolated rabbit heart
Authors: R.G. Woolfson, V.C. Patel, D.M. Yellon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Adenosine (ADO) has a cardioprotective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury when administered both prior to ischemia and during reperfusion. ADO has also been implicated in the mechanism of ischemic pre-conditioning. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a concentration-response between the administration of ADO prior to ischemia-reperfusion and reduction in subsequent infarct size. Rabbit isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 45 min ischemia and 180 min reperfusion following pre-treatment with either Krebs Henseleit buffer alone or buffer containing ADO at a range of concentrations (3 micro M-100 micro M) for 5 min followed by 5 min perfusion with buffer. Infarct/risk ratios were significantly reduced in hearts pre-perfused with higher (> 3 micro M) concentrations of ADO (Control, 58.5 +/- 1.5%; 3 micro M ADO, 51.6 +/- 3.0% ; 6 micro M ADO, 44.1% +/- 2.0%; 10 micro M ADO, 33.3 +/- 1.9%; 20 micro M ADO, 26.6 +/- 0.9%; 50 micro M ADO, 21.6 +/- 3.5%; 100 micro M ADO, 23.0 +/- 0.6%). We conclude that pre-treatment with ADO leads to a concentration-dependent reduction in infarct size.
Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Janette K. Burgess, Peter R. A. Johnson, Qi Ge, Wendy W. Au, Maree H. Poniris, Brent E. McParland, Greg King, Michael Roth, Judith L. Black
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

There is strong evidence to implicate transforming growth factor-beta in the remodeling that occurs in asthma, as levels are increased in bronchial lavage fluid and gene expression is increased in bronchial tissue. Transforming growth factor-beta is also known to increase the release of collagen from airway smooth muscle. Here we identify for the first time a possible mechanism for the effects of transforming growth factor-beta. Transforming growth factor-beta specifically induces mRNA and protein for connective tissue growth factor in airway smooth muscle, and moreover, we report that the connective tissue growth factor response is greater in airway smooth muscle cultured from patients with asthma compared with patients without asthma. This occurs at both the level of mRNA (37.53 +/- 11.62- and 13.59 +/- 3.12-fold increase at 24 hours compared with time 0, respectively, p < 0.02) and protein production (67.57 +/- 27.80- and 3.58 +/- 0.6-fold increase at 24 hours compared with time 0, respectively, p < 0.03). The differential connective tissue growth factor response to transforming growth factor-beta in asthmatic airway smooth muscle identifies a potential role for connective tissue growth factor in the remodeling that is characteristic of severe persistent asthma.
Radioimmunotherapy — Hot New Treatment for Lymphoma
Authors: Joseph M. Connors
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Follicular lymphoma, one of the two most common lymphoid neoplasms in North America and Europe,1 is diagnosed in approximately 15,000 adults in North America each year.2 More than 90 percent of patients with this B-cell lymphoma have disseminated disease at diagnosis, and although the disease usually evolves slowly, most patients die of the lymphoma or complications of its treatment. Current treatments are effective in controlling the disease temporarily, often for years. The median overall survival from the time of diagnosis is approximately eight years, but survival is strongly influenced by age, the extent of disease, and the biology of the . . .
Electrophysiological and mechanical effects of contrast media on isolated rat atria
Authors: R. HOTVEDT, H. REFSUM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Electrophysiological and mechanical effects of contrast media on isolated rat atria Get access RAGNAR HOTVEDT, RAGNAR HOTVEDT From the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HELGE REFSUM HELGE REFSUM † From the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway †Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr Helge Refsum, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1186-M, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 11, November 1980, Pages 638–645, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.11.638 Published: 01 November 1980
Case 14-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, William G. Couser, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of the nephrotic syndrome.She was well until five months previously, when a mild sore throat occurred, with swelling in the left side of the neck. A physician made a diagnosis of thyroiditis but prescribed no treatment. During the next few months ankle edema developed, and the patient experienced mild arthralgia that affected the knees. Five weeks before admission the edema progressed, and petechiae appeared. She entered another hospital, where a large number of petechiae and anasarca were observed. The blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg. The hematocrit . . .
Generic mechanisms of coordination in special populations
Authors: Paul J. Treffner, J. A. Scott Kelso
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract We show that left-handers can be considered as a “special” population. We indicate that the asymmetries in performance exhibited by left-handers are due to a basic asymmetry in the underlying coordination dynamics that constrains bimanual coordination. In contrast to the claims of Latash &amp; Anson, we argue that considerable knowledge has been gained regarding the essential equations of motion that govern biological coordination.
PTU-133 Ready to go and let go: perspectives on transition and transfer from paediatric to adult health care: a paired pilot survey of adolescent IBD patients and their parents
Authors: N Rao, D Ashok, A Azaz, S Sebastian
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> National surveys report that transition care in inflammatory Bowel Disease is still not well developed. Although the general principles guiding transition of adolescents with chronic illnesses from paediatric to adult health care have been established, there are no studies to assess the transfer needs and concerns of adolescents with IBD and their carers. We aimed to gauge the perspectives of adolescents with IBD and their parents to determine their issues, concerns and expectations. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross sectional survey of IBD patients starting transition process in a dedicated transition clinic and their parents was undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire designed for self completion. Along with demographic and clinical information, respondents were asked to rate on a scale of 1–5 (using Likert scale anchored by 1-least important and 5-very important and essential) their responses on their perceived importance on the aspects of preparation, self management skills, concerns regarding transfer and value of support services. <h3>Results</h3> 20 patients (12 Crohn9s and 8 Ulcerative Colitis) and their parents completed the survey independently. There was concordance in the responses of patients and their parents in rating highly the need for information, education and co-ordination of transfer process (Abstract PTU-133 table 1). The knowledge, empathy and accessibility were identified as key attributes for the transferring adult team (Abstract PTU-133 table 2). The highest rated concern for both adolescents and their parents was the perceived differences in performing tests such as endoscopy (mean score of 4.55±0.17 and 4.65±0.23 respectively). The adolescents favoured to attend appointments without parents before transfer (mean score 3.65±1.18) as opposed to their parents (mean score 1.9±1.16). In addition parents were concerned whether they will become less involved in care following transfer (mean score 4.15. The adolescents9 favoured younger age of transition and transfer when compared to their parents. While dedicated adolescent services were described as beneficial by patients and their parents, only 50% of patients preferred to have joint appointments. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This first pilot study demonstrates significant concerns about transition process needing addressing among adolescent IBD patients and their parents. Patients and parents differ in their rating of independence and self advocacy needed at the time of transfer. Tailoring transition to individual patient and parent needs without dedicated transition care teams may be challenging. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Distribution of house dust mite allergen: comparing house dust mite allergen levels in dust samples collected from different sites on living room floors with smooth coverings
Authors: T. Maas, J. J. M. Rovers, H. J. A. M. Schönberger, C. P. van Schayck
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: The distribution of house dust mite allergen (Der p1) in living rooms with smooth floor coverings, as measured in the middle compared with the border of the floor was investigated. It was hypothesized that activity causes displacement of Der p1, from the middle towards the border. Methods: Dust samples from the middle and border of 50 floors with smooth coverings were collected and analysed on Der p1 content in a standardized way. Results: The Der p1 exposure expressed as per unit area (ng/m 2 ) showed that border samples contained significantly more Der p1 compared with middle samples (median: 2.57 vs 0.27, respectively, P = 0.023). Presence of pets and presence of more than two inhabitants increased the difference. When expressed as per unit weight of dust (ng/g), significant differences were only detected when comparing Der p1 content of samples collected in households with three or more inhabitants [median: 2 (border) vs 53 (middle), respectively; P = 0.035]. Conclusions: The Der p1 is unequally distributed on living room floors with smooth coverings, most likely because of displacement of dust from the middle towards the border due to activity. Expression as ng/g of dust and ng/m 2 could not obviously be interchangeable.