tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DANGERS FEOM INDISCRIMINATE USE OF CATHARTICS IN ACUTE INTESTINAL CONDITIONS.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Almost from the beginning of time man seems to have been possessed of an intuitive feeling that an acute abdominal affection, accompanied by an arrest of intestinal action, is an extremely serious condition which, if not soon relieved, must lead to a fatal issue. In such cases, the laity realize the importance of proper bowel movements, and, having observed the relief Which is often experienced when the interrupted bowel action is resumed, immediately resort to the use of cathartics to bring about the desired end, namely, a movement of the bowels. Unfortunately, this intuitive feeling seems to be so deeply rooted in the mind of man that even a study of the science and art of medicine at times fails to dislodge it; for one too often sees otherwise intelligent physicians following it blindly, to the destruction of their patients, and without regard to the cause of the arrest of
Surgical Outcomes of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Mehraneh D. Jafari, Wissam J. Halabi, Michael J. Stamos, Vinh Q. Nguyen, Joseph C. Carmichael, Steven D. Mills, Alessio Pigazzi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and cytoreductive surgery have been shown to benefit selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, these procedures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Available data investigating the outcomes of HIPEC are mostly limited to single-center studies. To date, there have been few large-scale studies investigating the postoperative outcomes of HIPEC.To determine the associated 30-day morbidity and mortality of cytoreductive surgery-HIPEC in the treatment of metastatic and primary peritoneal cancer in American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program centers.A retrospective review of HIPEC cases performed for primary and metastatic peritoneal cancer diagnoses was conducted. The cytoreductive surgical procedures were sampled, and disease processes were identified. Patient demographics, intraoperative occurrences, and postoperative complications were reviewed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005-2011.Thirty-day mortality and morbidity.Of the cancers identified among the 694 sampled cases, 14% of patients had appendiceal cancer, 11% had primary peritoneal cancer, and 8% had colorectal cancer. The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification was 3 for 70% of patients. The average operative time was 7.6 hours, with 15% of patients requiring intraoperative transfusions. Postoperative bleeding (17%), septic shock (16%), pulmonary complications (15%), and organ-space infections (9%) were the most prevalent postoperative complications. The average length of stay was 13 days, with a 30-day readmission rate of 11%. The rate of reoperation was 10%, with an overall mortality rate of 2%.American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hospitals performing HIPEC have acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality.
The Accuracy of Pulmonary Angiography in Assessing Resolution of Experimental Thromboemboli
Authors: PHILLIP S. WOLF, EDWARD GENTON
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Quantification of pulmonary emboli has become important in assessing the results of thrombolytic therapy and in following the natural history of thromboemboli. This study evaluated angiography as a quantitative procedure by comparing sequential changes in emboli of known size and weight with alterations on angiograms. Twenty-four aged thrombi formed in vivo were embolized intact into 12 recipient dogs. Serial angiograms showed the location of each thrombus and allowed evaluation of its changes. Urokinase was administered to some animals to produce a spectrum of lysis. Quantification proved accurate when thrombolysis exceeded 80%. When less, angiograms over or underestimated lysis in 11 of 18 instances (61%). Postmortem dissection suggested four reasons for these discrepancies: (1) downstream movement impacted emboli and increased obstruction; (2) coiling of an embolus compromised more vessel area and increased obstruction; (3) circumferential flow of contrast material obscured some emboli; and (4) second emboli redistributed flow to an area with prior embolus, producing apparent improvement. These data suggest that quantifying changes in emboli by angiography are frequently misleading when less than 80% lysis occurs. The discrepancy, when present, usually results in overestimation of the amount of embolus remaining.
Perspective on Malaria Today
Authors: Justin M. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1963)

WHETHER or not malaria was a truly indigenous disease in the United States is not known, but it certainly was introduced by some of the early settlers from Europe. This seed-bed must have been immeasurably enhanced later by the importation of infected Negroes from Africa. At the turn of the century, malaria occurred throughout the eastern half of the country and was carried to the Far West as settlers migrated in that direction.  The first suggestion of eradication of malaria was made in 1915 by Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman, the statistician of the Prudential Insurance Company. He read a paper titled A Plea for a National Committee on the Eradication of Malaria1at the Southern Medical Association and followed it up the next year with another presentation to the same association entitled A Plea and a Plan for the Eradication of Malaria.1This resulted in the organization
Abstract 258: Molecular features and functional consequence of <i>CD44</i> activation by a novel recurrent <i>IGH</i> translocation t(11;14) (p13;q32) in mature B-cell lymphoid neoplasm
Authors: Yun-Wen Chen, Xiao-Tong Hu, Anthony C.T. Liang, Michelle L.Y. Wong, Wing-Yan Au, Kai-Yau Wong, William W.L. Choi, Thomas S.K. Wan, Kent-Man Chu, Chor Sang Chim, Li Chong Chan, Yok-Lam Kwong, Raymond H.S. Liang, Gopesh Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dysregulation of an oncogene by translocation to Ig locus is a common event in the pathogenesis of most non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Using inverse-PCR, CD44 on 11p13 was identified as a novel translocation partner of IgH in 9 of 114 cases of gastric, non-gastric extranodal, follicular and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) analyzed. IgHSμ/CD44 translocation juxtaposes the enhancer of IgHSμ to the 5’ regulatory region of CD44 in a tail-to-head orientation, leading to the removal of exon 1 of CD44. Sequencing analysis showed microhomology sequences at the junction breakpoints of all the IGHSμ/CD44 translocations, suggesting that these translocations were the results of illegitimate switch recombination facilitated by homologous sequences present on both chromosomes. By interphase-FISH using home-grown CD44 dual-color break-apart probes (consisting of BACs RP4-607I7 and RP4-683L5), breakage at the CD44 locus in each of the nine IGHSμ/CD44 translocation-positive cases was confirmed. By 5’ RACE analysis, fusion Iμ-CD44ΔEx1 hybrid transcripts (with a splicing of the Iμ exon upstream of Sμ to exon 2 of CD44), were identified in all the nine lymphomas with IGHSμ/CD44 translocations. Notably, these translocations were detected exclusively in GCB-type DLBCLs. However, CD44 mRNA was minimally or not expressed in CD10+ microdissected reactive GCB cells. The IGHSμ/CD44 translocation substitute Sμ for the CD44 promoter and remove exon 1 of CD44, resulting in over-expression of the Iμ-CD44 hybrid transcript which encodes for a new CD44 variant lacking leader peptide sequence but retaining a unique C-terminus (CD44ΔEx1). The Iμ-CD44ΔEx1 ORF would encode for the CD44ΔEx1 protein starting from the ATG at nucleotide 254 with strong Kozak sequence. The new CD44ΔEx1 variant showed some similarity to CD44v5, but it lacked the leader peptide. The IGHSμ/CD44 translocation was detected in patients with advanced-stage disease (stages III and IV). When overexpressed in vitro in the CD44-negative GCB-DLBCL cell line BJAB, the CD44ΔEx1-GFP was localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, while CD44s-GFP (standard form) was localized to the plasma membrane. The ectopic expression of CD44ΔEx1 in BJAB cells enhanced the cell proliferation rate and its clonogenic ability. These findings indicate a possible pathogenic role of the recurrent translocation in several malignant B-cell lymphomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 258.
Abstract B19: An integrative <i>in vivo</i> analysis of PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sophia Bornstein, Philips Owens, White Ruth, Yuexin Li, Stephen Weber, Xiao-Jing Wang, Shi-Long Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract In vitro studies indicate that deregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is important in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis, as has been observed in several other cancers. However, the in vivo role of PI3K/AKT pathway deregulation in HNSCC remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo roles of PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT alterations in head and neck tumorigenesis. To this end, we developed inducible head and neck specific transgenic PIK3CA and AKT mice, and inducible head and neck specific knockout PTEN mice under the control of an RU486-responsive Keratin 5 promoter. Both PIK3CA or AKT transgene expression was induced in mouse head and neck epithelia, i.e. buccal mucosa, tongue, and esophagus, upon RU486 application in a dose- and time- dependent manner. PTEN deletion was also achieved in mouse head and neck epithelia after five consecutive RU486 applications. The PIK3CA and AKT inducible transgenic mice exhibited severe head and neck epithelial hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ, but no visible tumor formation after one year of observation. Further, the inducible head and neck specific PTEN knockout mice developed oral, but not esophageal SCCs. To investigate whether the inducible PIK3CA or AKT mice harbored higher cancer susceptibility upon tobacco carcinogen exposure, we applied a subcarcinogenic dose of 4NQO, a surrogate of a tobacco carcinogen, to the PIK3CA and AKT mice. Both PIK3CA and AKT mice developed oral and/or esophageal SCCs as early as one month after 4NQO exposure, and by 4 months, all PIK3CA and AKT transgenic mice developed oral and/or esophageal SCCs. Interestingly, a higher incidence of esophageal in comparison with oral SCC (93% versus. 19% of mice) was observed in the AKT transgenic mice, while a higher incidence of oral versus esophageal SCC (74% vs. 44% of mice) was found in the PIK3CA mice, suggesting a tissue specificity of AKT and PIK3CA in head and neck tumorigenesis. Studies investigating the underlying molecular mechanism of each molecule in head and neck tumorigenesis are currently underway. In conclusion, our data demonstrate an oncogenic role of PIK3CA and AKT, and a tumor suppressive role of PTEN in head and neck tumorigenesis in vivo. Our inducible head and neck specific mouse models are powerful tools to evaluate the roles of PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT during each stage and site involved in head and neck tumorigenesis, and to test novel therapeutics targeting this important signaling pathway. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B19.
GASTRO-INTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE AS A COMPLICATION OF RESERPINE ADMINISTRATION: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: DOLORES DILLON, JEAN M. SWAIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Two cases of bleeding from the gastro-intestinal tract during the course of reserpine administration in the treatment of mental illness are described. The fact that both patients had been under hospital observation for several years without previous evidence of gastro-intestinal disorder lends credence to the presumption that the reserpine was implicated as an etiological factor. It seems particularly noteworthy that one patient did not complain of any discomfort until bleeding had assumed serious proportions and the other patient never did complain of illness. As many patients are undoubtedly under treatment with reserpine who are suffering from the type of mental illness which does not permit ready communication to the nursing personnel of signs and symptoms of physical illness, the physician must be alert to the possibility of major complications without dependence upon the patient's complaints. The fact that both patients had undergone a lobotomy procedure is of interest but is considered probably coincidental.
Programmed electrical stimulation at potential ventricular reentry circuit sites. Comparison of observations in humans with predictions from computer simulations.
Authors: W G Stevenson, K Nademanee, J N Weiss, I Wiener, K Baron, L A Yeatman, C T Sherman
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The purpose of this study was to define specific types of resetting responses to programmed electrical stimulation during human ventricular tachycardia and to use computer simulations of reentry circuits to assess the possible mechanisms and pacing site location relative to the reentry circuit for each type of response. The effects of scanning single stimuli at 35 left ventricular endocardial sites during sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in 12 patients were studied. In considering alterations in QRS configuration and the delay between the stimulus and the advanced QRS, we identified three types of resetting responses to scanning stimuli consistent with stimulation at sites in or near the reentry circuit at 12 abnormal endocardial sites in eight patients. Type 1: all capturing stimuli were followed after a delay by early QRS complexes that had the same configuration as the tachycardia complexes. Type 2: late stimuli reset tachycardia as in type 1 but early stimuli reset the tachycardia after altering the QRS configuration. Type 3: late stimuli reset tachycardia as in type 1, but early stimuli advanced tachycardia with a short stimulus to QRS delay without altering the QRS configuration. In the simulations, premature depolarization of sites in the circuit produced orthodromic and antidromic wavefronts. The orthodromic wavefront propagated through the circuit and exited the circuit at the same site as did the previous tachycardia wavefronts and advanced the tachycardia without altering the configuration of the advanced QRS. The antidromic wavefront of relatively late stimuli was confined within or near the circuit by collision with the orthodromic wavefront of the preceding tachycardia beat and failed to alter ventricular activation distant from the circuit. Therefore, the QRS configuration after the stimulus was unchanged. A type 1 response occurred when all capturing stimuli produced this effect. However, with increasing stimulus prematurity, the antidromic wavefront propagated farther before colliding with an orthodromic wavefront, and under some conditions, it exited the circuit from a site other than the original circuit "exit," and altered the ventricular activation sequence distant from the circuit and, therefore, the QRS configuration, producing a type 2 pattern. The type 3 pattern occurred when the antidromic wavefront of early premature beats captured the original circuit exit. The effect of a stimulus was dependent on the stimulus prematurity, the relative conduction times from the stimulation site to the potential sites of "exit" from the circuit, and the timing of the excitable gap at the stimulation site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale
Authors: Harold A. Wilkinson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> While the series of articles in the October 28 issue of<i>JAMA</i>points out some of the shortcomings of the current Resource-Based Relative Value Scale study of Hsiao et al,<sup>1</sup>none of the articles emphasize that this entire concept is antithetical to the economic principles that operate in a democratic society. Any system that fails to take into account the quality of the product or the experience and skill of the "provider" omits two of the most important driving principles in our American economic system. Would anyone argue that a masterpiece by Van Gogh is worth less than a painting of equal size that is the product of months of work by a high school art teacher? Would any labor union accept a contract that denies seniority and pays beginning workers the same as the most experienced and senior worker? As bizarre as these scenarios
A Post-Graduate Lecture ON ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLECYSTITIS: Delivered at the Manchester Royal Infirmary
Authors: J. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1924)

ACUTE ob,t-uctive eholecystitis results fro1m -the impa'ctio,n of a gall stAme in the neck of tke gall bladder otw the cystic duct, hvd.4 presents a clinical picttire quite different fromii the other manifestations of gall stones.It deserves attention and study on account its frequency, and of the catastrophes to whichAt-may ANALOGY WITIr APPENDICITIS.It is a condition which bears a somewhat striing logy to acute appendic6itis.Wilkie' has.draawsi attenutiqnf.to the obstructive' Tactor in actue appendicitis, anad differentiated acute appendicular obstructionx quite from acute primary non-obstructive appendicitis.appenndicular obstruction the primary event is occlusion the lumen of the appeldix, and this most comnionly caused by the impaction of a concretion n stricture left by some previous inflammatory attack.There folIows a rapid inierease of tension distal to the obstruction.Thle
Present Treatment of Schizophrenia--a Controlled Follow-up Study
Authors: D. H. W. Kelly, W. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Present SeriesThe present investigation is a follow-up study of 48 more patients suffering from schizophrenia who were treated in the psychiatric in-patient unit between 1960 and 1963.They were practically all diagnosed and selected by one of us (W.S.) as likely to benefit from intensive treatment, and were fully discussed at the weekly case conferences.Their average age was 29.6 years; 20 were male and 28 female.The average length of time since the onset of symptoms suggestive of schizo- phrenia was three years and four months, so by no means all were early patients ; but most still seemed treatable.The average duration of the present attack was, however, only 12.1 months.Twenty (42 %) had had previous in-patient treatment.Only patients who were admitted to our unit for the first time were included in this series, because those patients who had previously been admitted formed part of the earlier series (Rohde and Sargant, 1961).Treatment 1960-3The patients were treated in a pleasant general hospital psychiatric unit of 20 beds, mostly in single and double rooms.
Support for US health reform law rises slightly, poll finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Support for the US Affordable Care Act has risen for the first time since the botched roll-out of the law’s health insurance exchanges last October, a new poll has found.1

More people still held an unfavorable view of the law than a favorable one (46% to 38%), but this was a decline of four percentage points from January, and it narrowed the gap between those who held unfavorable views and those …
Increased Insulin Binding to Erythrocytes in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Helena Wachslicht-Rodbard, Howard A. Gross, David Rodbard, Michael H. Ebert, Jesse Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

We studied [125I] insulin binding to circulating cells in patients with anorexia nervosa (eight females), in the basal cachectic state (seven patients) and after weight gain (eight patients) and compared the values to those obtained in 17 normal volunteers (eight females and nine males). Untreated patients showed increased insulin binding to receptors on erythrocytes (mean +/- S.E.M., 12.2 +/- 0.99 per cent of total); after weight gain, these increased levels returned to normal (6.8 +/- 0.42 vs 6.7 +/- 0.63 per cent of total). Increased binding was due to an increased number of receptors per cell, with little or no change in receptor affinity. In five patients (one untreated, four treated), results of [125I] insulin binding to erythrocytes correlated closely (r = 0.982) with results obtained with monocytes. We conclude that in patients with anorexia nervosa, insulin binding to receptors is altered and that the abnormality is corrected by restoration of normal food intake and body weight.
Industrial Relations and the B.M.A
Authors: V. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The introduction of a fee for home visiting would remove some of the present dis- incentives to the doctor giving this service, and one hopes it would increase the patient's sense of responsibility in this respect.-Iam.etc., R. WANN LeicesterGood Example SIR,-The medical profession should follow the splendid example of senior civil ser- vants, judges, and shipbuilders and announce that no pay increase will be sought during 1971.This may encourage others to follow suit and will help to slow the Gadarene rush towards national finan- cial disaster.
THE USE OF TAKAYAMA'S SOLUTION IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF BLOOD STAINS
Authors: A. V. Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1932)

oxygen, etc. Ether is admitted to the apparatus in one of two ways-by a Clover inhaler, or by the oxygen tube from a Boyle's machine. TECHNIQUE OF ADMINISTRATIONThe canister is supported by clips to the Boyle's machine, leaving the face-piece free.The patient is induced with gas and oxygen-till consciousness is lost.Then a Clausen harness is fastened over the face to ensure a gas-tight fit of the face-piece: this is most important.The expiratory valve is now closed down tightly and the gas flow stopped.The oxygen supply is reduced to 300 to 500 c.cm. per minute.Ether is now added from the Clover if this instrument is in use, or by the oxygen being allowed to bubble through the ether in the Boyle's machine.
Grooving of the Great Veins
Authors: Israel Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A new sign, grooving of the great veins, was recently encountered following the intravenous angiocardiographic study of a 61-year-old woman with dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. The deformity of the great veins, although an indirect sign, seems worthy of report.
EFFICIENCY OF INTRAMYOCARDIAL INJECTIONS OF AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE: A RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: Aleksandr Borisovich Romanov, Evgeny Pokushalov, Aleksandr Cherniavskiy, Elena Kliver, Aleksandr Karaskov, Nabil Dib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of posture on lung volume: airway closure and gas exchange in hemidiaphragmatic paralysis.
Authors: H W Clague, D R Hall
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The effects of posture on lung volume, airway closure, and gas exchange were studied in eight patients with hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. The mean vital capacity in the sitting position was 81% of predicted normal, and in the supine posture fell by a further 19% in right-sided but only 10% in left-sided paralysis. The mean arterial oxygen tension was less than predicted in the sitting posture and fell significantly on lying. Single breath gas transfer factor was normal in all cases whereas the diffusion coefficient was greater than predicted in the sitting posture and rose even further on lying. Closing volume showed no positional change but closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity was higher in the supine position. Regional airways closure was expressed as the relationship expiratory reserve volume minus closing volume. Negative values were found in only two of the subjects in the sitting position but seven had negative values supine, indicating significant airway closure during tidal breathing in this position.