tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography of the Trachea in Fetal Syrian Golden Hamsters Treated Transplacentally With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosodiethylamine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Hildegard M. Reznik-Schüller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Tritiated N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) was administered to female Syrian golden hamsters on each of the last 4 days (days 12-15) of pregnancy. The intracellular distribution of bound radioactivity was monitored by electron microscopic autoradiography in the epithelium of the fetal tracheas, from which transplacentally induced tumors arise in this system. Most of the bound radioactivity was concentrated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of undifferentiated stem cells and mucous cells. The level of binding on the various days of pregnancy appeared to reflect the degree of differentiation of the endoplasmic reticulum in these cells. Basal cells, which were identified as the origin of DENA-induced tracheal tumors in adult hamsters by one of our earlier studies, demonstrated only little bound radioactivity in the fetal tracheas. The pathogenesis of DENA-induced tracheal tumors in this transplacental system may hence be different from that in adult animals.
Malignant Schwannomas of Nerve Roots, Uterus, and Epididymis in Mice
Authors: H L Stewart, M K Deringer, T B Dunn, K C Snell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Thirty-one primary malignant schwannomas of the uterus, epididymis, or cranial and spinal nerve roots were observed in 384 mice of the BRSUNT, STR, and BLCP substrains. The neoplasms from these sites were compared; they had identical histologic features in their primary, metastatic, and transplanted sites. It is evident that some tumors of the uterus, diagnosed in the past as reticulum cell neoplasms type A and as endometrial stromal sarcomas, fall into the category of malignant schwannoma. However, other histologic types of mesenchymal tumors also arise from the uterus.
Epithelial Tumors of the Rat Pancreas
Authors: U. Rowlatt, F. J. C. Roe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

During routine necropsy of 1,252 rats of the Chester Beatty stock albino strain between January 1962 and October 1965, we saw 10 epithelial pancreatic tumors. Eight were in males and 2 were in females. five were single or multiple exocrine adenomas, 3 were exocrine adenocarcinomas, and 2 were islet-cell tumors. A search through the literature revealed 3 reports of exocrine adenomas, 11 of exocrine adenocarcinomas, and 19 of islet-cell tumors. Histological criteria for distinguishing between adenomas of exocrine and islet origin and between benign and malignant variants of each are discussed. An association between islet-cell adenomas and adenomas of other endocrine glands in rats has been recorded by several authors; its significance is unknown.
Abstract 11651: Results of the LIMBS Study: Yoga, Alone or in Combination With Other Lifestyle Measures Reduces BP in Untreated Prehypertension and Stage 1 Hypertension
Authors: Debbie L Cohen, Anne Bowler, Raymond R Townsend
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hypertension affects 1 in 3 adults in the US. Alternatives to drug therapy in mild hypertension are sought by patients preferring to avoid life long medication. Yoga is increasingly popular and potentially an alternative to chronic medication use. Methods: Based on pilot data we conducted an NIH funded study to assess the effects of yoga alone, or with dietary intervention, on BP reduction in subjects with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension in untreated, healthy, yoga naive adults. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups for 24 weeks: Group 1 (Yoga): yoga practice in a yoga studio 2-3 x per week. Group 2 (Diet): supervised diet/weight reduction and walking program. Group 3 (Combo): Combination program of both yoga and dietary intervention. Subjects had inpatient 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring performed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Results: The study enrolled 137 subjects and 87 subjects completed the protocol. Results of the study and within group BP changes are shown in the Table below. Results are expressed as mean (SD) or (95% CI). Data is presented for all enrolled subjects and an intention to treat analysis was performed using least square means differences. Between group changes in SBP between Yoga and Diet from baseline to 12 weeks were (Δ 1.4 mm Hg, p 0.0073) and between Diet and Combo (Δ 1.56 mm Hg, p = 0.0021) favoring Yoga and Combo groups over Diet alone at 3 months. Differences were no longer significant at 6 months. There was no difference between Yoga and Combo groups at any time period. Conclusions: SBP and DBP were significantly reduced within all 3 groups at 3 and 6 months. The changes in SBP were significantly greater with yoga alone or with yoga combined with diet at 3 months compared with diet alone. This supports the use of yoga, alone or in combination with other lifestyle measures in reducing BP in prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension.
HIV-TB national program integration- 4 year experience at tertiary care hospital
Authors: T.K. Jayalakshmi, Aparna Iyer, Girija Nair, Aditya Agrawal, Kartik Chauhan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:In India guidelines for integration between National AIDS Control Program and Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program were formulated in 2009. [1]   Aims:  1.Determine proportion of patients referred from Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC) to DOTS center.  2.Determine proportion of HIV–Tuberculosis co-infection.  Method:  Retrospective analysis of 4 year records (2009–12) at the ICTC center of a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai, India was done.  Results:  11321(59.2% male, 40.7% female, 0.01% transgender) patients underwent HIV testing over 4 years.  316 (2.7%) patients tested positive for HIV. 22(6.9%) were co-infected with TB. 17/22 (77.2%) had acid fast bacilli in sputum.  The ICTC centre referred 930 (8.2%) of their clients to DOTS center.Of these, 24.4% were HIV positive.  9.6% HIV positive and 9.9% HIV negative chest symptomatic patients referred to DOTS were diagnosed with TB.  Trends :  Conclusions:  1. 8.2% of total ICTC clients were referred for detection of TB.  2. 2.7% of total ICTC clients tested were HIV positive. 6.9% of HIV patients had TB, 77.2% were sputum positive.  Ref: 1. National framework for joint HIV/TB collaborative activities: http://tbcindia.nic.in.
The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Suicide Assessment and Management, 2nd Editionedited by SimonRobert I., M.D., and HalesRobert E., M.D., M.B.A. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2012, 770 pp., $125.00.
Authors: Jill Harkavy-Friedman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)
Effect of Ethynodiol Diacetate With Ethinyl Estradiol on the Mammary Glands of Rhesus Monkeys: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Victor A. Drill, Peter L. Golway
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The oral contraceptive combination of ethynodiol diacetate with ethlnyl estradiol (Demulen) was given cyclically to 48 female rhesus monkeys for 5 years. Doses employed were 1, 10, and 50 times the human dose. Treatment did not induce palpable breast nodules, and there were no deaths from mammary gland cancer.
The influence of TNFα gene polymorphism on the therapeutic response in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Tatjana Pejcic, Tatjana Radjenovic petkovic, Ivana Stankovic, Desa Nastasijevic Borovac, Ivanka Djordjevic, Zorica Ciric, Milan Radovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unclear etiology, with genetic factors playing a considerable factor in both its onset and clinical presentation. In the majority of patients, the disease goes away spontaneously, without treatment. However, longer therapy is necessary in a small number of patients.  The aim of this research was to determine the role of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism in the therapeutic response in patients with sarcoidosis. The research encompassed 66 patients with sarcoidosis, 44 of whom were females and 22 were males, of average age 51,17±11,22, who were treated for sarcoidosis at the Clinic for Lung Diseases Nis. TNFα-308 G/A gene polymorphism was examined in all patients using the PCR-RFLP method.  Results: 10 patients received no treatment, 48 patients underwent corticosteroid treatment, while 8 patients received combined treatment using corticosteroids and methotrexate. No statistically significant difference in the distribution of TNF-α gene polymorphism genotypes and alleles was detected between the patients receiving corticosteroid treatment and those without treatment. However, the duration of the treatment was statistically considerably lower in patients belonging to AA genotype group (14.83±9.77) when compared to those from GG genotype group (18.03±10.56), p  Conclusion: Previous research showed that the presence of TNF-308A allele is a good prognostic sign of sarcoidosis, as it is coupled with the acute form of the disease and the absence of recidives. Our results indicate a great pronostic significance of this allele, given that its presence could predict a favorable outcome of the disease and a shorter duration of treatment.
The Toxoplasma Dense Granule Proteins GRA17 and GRA23 Mediate the Movement of Small Molecules between the Host and the Parasitophorous Vacuole
Authors: Daniel A. Gold, Aaron D. Kaplan, Agnieszka Lis, Glenna C.L. Bett, Emily E. Rosowski, Kimberly M. Cirelli, Alexandre Bougdour, Saima M. Sidik, Josh R. Beck, Sebastian Lourido, Pascal F. Egea, Peter J. Bradley, Mohamed-Ali Hakimi, Randall L. Rasmusson, Jeroen P.J. Saeij
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Cell Proliferation Patterns in an Autogenous Rat Sarcoma23
Authors: Joseph Post, Robert J. Sklarew, Joseph Hoffman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The cell proliferation pattern of the methylcholanthrene-induced autogenous rat sarcoma was investigated by continuous labeling with tritiated thymidine (3H-TDR), double-labeling with 3H-TDR and 14C-TDR, and by following the serial decay of the grain count frequency distribution after pulse labeling with 3H-TDR. The data showed that only 40–60% of the initial S cohort completed mitosis and entered the succeeding cycle. About 20–35% of the S cohort left the cycle for long residence in G2, and 20–40% of the residual S cohort, after mitosis, remained in G1 for long intervals. Cells subsequently re-entered the cycle from both nonproliferative compartments. The growth fraction was 39%, and the cells in G2o and in G1o were 38% and 23% of the population, respectively. The transit times of two-thirds of the G1o cells were greater than 13 days, and for two-thirds of the cells in G2o the transit times exceeded 1 week. The continual turnover of the proliferative and nonproliferative compartments was a major determinant of tumor growth.
Antitumor Antibodies and Immunoglobulin Class and Subclass Levels in Corynebacterium Parvum -Treated Mice
Authors: K. James, N. Willmott, I. Milne, W. H. McBride
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Changes in immunoglobulin class and subclass levels and the development of antitumor antibodies were assessed in normal and tumor-bearing mice challenged with Corynebacterium parvum. C. parvum administration resulted in a marked increase in certain immunoglobulin levels, especially Ig G2b, and in the development of antibodies reacting with syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells. The serologic changes induced by C. parvum were dependent on the dose and route of administration; preliminary studies suggested that they may have been largly independent of T-cell function. These changes were suppressed by the administration of gold salts, which also inhibited the antitumor effect of C. parvum.
Cyclic-alternating versus response-oriented chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: a German multicenter randomized trial of 321 patients.
Authors: M Wolf, M Pritsch, P Drings, K Hans, M Schroeder, H Flechtner, M Heim, D Hruska, S Mende, H Becker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

To test whether alternating chemotherapy is a favorable treatment modality in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), 334 patients were randomized to receive either fixed cyclic-alternating treatment with ifosfamide/etoposide (IE), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV), or response-oriented treatment with IE therapy up to maximal response and subsequently an immediate switch to CAV. In both arms, six cycles were given in 3-week intervals. After chemotherapy, patients with limited-stage disease received chest irradiation with 45 Gy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation with 30 Gy was applied to all complete responders. No maintenance therapy was given to patients with complete response. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Of 321 assessable patients, the overall response rate was 70% for cyclic alternating and 77% for response-oriented treatment. Complete remission (CR) rates were 26% versus 26%. The median survival times were 9.7 months for cyclic-alternating versus 10.7 months for response-oriented treatment; the 2-year survival rates were 11% versus 9%. In limited-stage disease (LD) patients, there was a median survival of 12.5 months versus 12.3 months and a 2-year survival rate of 21% versus 18%. In extensive-stage disease (ED) patients, median survival was 8.5 versus 9.1 months, and the 2-year survival rate 3% versus 4%. From these results, we conclude that the cyclic-alternating treatment according to the hypothesis of Goldie et al has no advantage in comparison to a sequential treatment strategy with an immediate switch to a second-line protocol at the time no further response to first-line therapy is seen. Our major aim in the treatment of SCLC is to administer an active regimen at any time during the course of treatment regardless of whether sequential or alternating therapy is used.
Further Studies on the Homograft Response in BALB/c Mice With L1210 Leukemia and a Resistant Subline
Authors: Stewart R. Humphreys, John P. Glynn, Michael A. Chirigos, Abraham Goldin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Leukemia L1210 and an ascitic subline M46G, carried in DBA/2J mice, and the antifolic-resistant subline C82R, carried in CDBA [(BALB/cAn × DBA/2J)F1] hybrids, were transplanted into homologous BALB/c mice. These transplanted leukemias grew and regressed (homograft response) when inoculum levels of approximately 1 percent leukemic spleen were used. With further dilutions of the inoculum, the proportion of tumor takes terminating in death of the animals was increased markedly. This phenomenon of increased lethality associated with low concentrations of leukemic inoculum was referred to as the “dilution effect.” With antifolic therapy of animals bearing the resistant subline, the homograft response was abrogated, since within a wide range of inoculum concentrations, the animals died. The dilution effect was, in essence, restored when the metabolite citrovorum factor was given simultaneously with amethopterin. Concomitant injection of normal tissue (CDBA spleen and DBA/2J blood) or X-irradiated DBA/2J leukemic spleen prevented the lethality observed with low concentrations of leukemic inoculum. Under these conditions the homograft reaction occurred and the dilution effect was absent.
End-of-life care communication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A survey applied to Portuguese respirologists
Authors: Carina Gaspar, Luis Telo, Carlos Gomes, Cristina Bárbara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Palliative and end and-of-life (EoL) care is a major component in the management of all patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patient-physician communication is essential to assure adequate EoL care.  Aim: To evaluate the practice of Portuguese respirologists in the fields of EoL discussion and palliative care, and identify it9s barriers.  Methods: A self-administered on-line survey was sent to all specialists in respiratory medicine affiliated to Portuguese Respiratory Society. Of 464 eligible participants, 136 returned a completed questionnaire (29,3%).  Results: Most physicians reported to have rarely introduced EoL discussions with their patients (48,5%). Most of them had never (28,7%) or rarely (39,7%) suggested patients to decide about the use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Discussions were described to occur mostly during or after a major exacerbation (53,7%). The majority indicated they treat dyspnea with opioids occasionally (32,4%) or frequently (30,1%). Only 9,6% stated to never/rarely treat anxiety and depression. Most participants described the discussion of EoL issues as being difficult (69,1%) or very difficult (19,9%). The reasons most often pointed were to feel that patients were not prepared to discuss this matters (70%), fear of taking away patient9s hope (58%) and lack of training in this area (51%). No correlation was found between years and type of practice or number of COPD patients treated per year and the main outcomes.  Conclusion: In our reality EoL communication is still insufficient. Training in this area as been identified as an aspect for improvement, and should therefore be encouraged.
Lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and metabolic risk factors in adults: Preliminary results from the gene environment interaction in respiratory disease (GEIRD) survey
Authors: Lucia Cazzoletti, Giuseppe Verlato, Simone Accordini, Cristina Bombieri, Veronica Cappa, Pietro Ferrari, Kai Schenk, Alessandro Marcon, Mario Olivieri, Elisabetta Zanolin, Roberto de Marco, Marcello Ferrari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Impaired lung function is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality, and is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is well known that a common mechanism, such as insulin resistance and obesity, underlies metabolic syndrome (MS).  Our aim was to assess the association between lung function and MS in the GEIRD study, a nested multi-case control survey, in Verona, Italy.  The study population included 1117 subjects (aged 20-66 years) who underwent spirometry (n=1113) and methacholine challenge (n=472). MS was defined according to the presence of 3 or more of the following factors: blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg or higher, abdominal obesity (waist girth: men>=102,women>=88cm), self reported dyslipidemia, self reported diabetes. We studied the association of FEV1, FVC (% predicted), FEV1/FVC (%) and BHR (defined as a PD20  MS was associated with reduced FEV1% predicted (b=-3.4,95%CI: -6.5,-0.2), but not with FEV1/FVC (%) (b=-0.2,95%CI: -1.6,1.2). A negative but not statistically significant association between MS and FVC% predicted (b=-4.3, 95%CI:-8.8,0.2) was found. A positive association emerged between MS and BHR (OR=8.79, 95%CI: 2.3-33.8). Among MS components, only abdominal obesity was related with a reduced FVC% predicted (b=-3.5, 95%CI: -6.0,-0.9).  Our data indicate that low FEV1% predicted and BHR are associated with MS. The results of the present analysis deserves further investigation.
Induction of Cancer in Mammary Isografts From Male Donors to CBA Female Host Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kazumasa Hoshino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

One hundred and six single transplants of 0.6 mm-long mammary duct segments, with little surrounding adipose tissue, were isografted into the fourth mammary-gland-free fat pads by Hoshino's quantitative transplantation technique. The donors were nine male mice of the milk-agent-positive CBA strain. The hosts were either milk agent free or positive reciprocal F1 hybrids between the CBA and C57BL strains. All hosts were mated and allowed to rear young for their lifespan. All tumorous and hyperplastic lesions were examined histologically after a complete autopsy. Hyperplastic alveolar nodules developed more often in milk-agent-positive hosts, and in agent-free hosts more often in mammary grafts than in the hosts' own mammary glands. Mammary cancer was induced only in milk-agent-positive hosts. When the hosts had more frequent pregnancies and additional litters to rear, more mammary cancer developed in either grafts or hosts' glands. However, such endogenous hormonal stimulation was not enough to induce mammary cancer in milk-agent-free mice, though mammary grafts were obtained from milk-agent-positive donors. The transplantation experiments described here demonstrate that mammary tissues of male mice may be able to survive on transplantation into an isologous female environment, respond to environmental factors, such as the milk agent and endogenous hormonal stimulations, and eventually develop adenocarcinoma as do mammary tissues of female host mice.
Inhibitory Effect of Antagonists of Bombesin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone on Orthotopic and Intraosseous Growth and Invasiveness of PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer in Nude Mice
Authors: Anton Stangelberger, Andrew V. Schally, Jozsef L. Varga, Marta Zarandi, Karoly Szepeshazi, Patricia Armatis, Gabor Halmos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

To determine whether antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (BN/GRP) can inhibit the orthotopic and metastatic growth of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancers.The effects of administration of GHRH antagonist MZ-J-7-118, BN/GRP antagonist RC-3940-II, and their combination on the growth and metastatic spread of PC-3 tumors implanted orthotopically into nude mice were evaluated. The efficacy of this treatment on PC-3 tumors implanted intratibially and s.c. was also determined.Treatment with MZ-J-7-118, RC-3940-II, or their combination significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 tumors implanted orthotopically, intraosseously, and s.c. The combination of the two antagonists had the greatest effect, inhibiting orthotopic tumor growth by 77%, intratibially implanted tumors by 86%, and s.c. tumors by 86%. The therapy with BN/GRP and GHRH antagonists, especially in combination, also reduced the local tumor spread and distant metastases in animals bearing orthotopic tumors. Combination therapy was likewise the most effective in reducing the incidence and severity of tibial osteolytic lesions and pathologic fractures in intraosseously implanted tumors. High-affinity binding sites for BN/GRP and GHRH were found in s.c. and orthotopic PC-3 tumor samples. MZ-J-7-118, RC-3940-II, and the combination of both compounds inhibited in vitro growth of PC-3 cells.Our findings show the efficacy of BN/GRP antagonists and GHRH antagonists for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer in preclinical metastatic models. As BN/GRP antagonists are already in clinical trials and GHRH antagonists are effective in androgen-independent prostate cancer models, these analogues could be considered for the management of advanced prostate carcinoma.