tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Study of Platelet Recovery and Utilization in Patients After Myeloablative Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Steven H. Bernstein, Auayporn P. Nademanee, Julie M. Vose, Guido Tricot, Joseph W. Fay, Robert S. Negrin, John DiPersio, Gabriela Rondon, Richard Champlin, Michael J. Barnett, Kenneth Cornetta, Geoffrey P. Herzig, William Vaughan, George Geils, Armand Keating, Hans Messner, Steven N. Wolff, Kenneth B. Miller, Charles Linker, Mitchell Cairo, Susan Hellmann, Mark Ashby, Scott Stryker, Richard A. Nash
Journal: Blood (1998)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder with psychotic features: a phenomenologic analysis
Authors: Thomas R. Insel, Hagop S. Akiskal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors review the literature on obsessive-compulsive disorder and present clinical vignettes to illustrate that delusions can arise in the course of this illness. These delusions do not signify a schizophrenic diagnosis but represent reactive affective or paranoid psychoses, which are generally transient. Using a phenomenologic analysis of 23 patients, the authors further argue that obsessive-compulsive disorder represents a psychopathological spectrum varying along a continuum of insight. Patients at the severe end of this spectrum are best described as having an "obsessive-compulsive psychosis." The authors discuss the implications of these considerations for DSM-III revisions.
Argonplasma coagulation in surgery of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Igor Motus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. Argonplasma coagulation (APC) proved itself to be a hemostatic tool in various fields of surgery (Farin G., Grund K.E. 1994). Coagulation occurs without contact  the active electrode with the tissue, while the flow argon displaces the zone of coagulation of oxygen, which reduces burning of tissue. The problem of bleeding in surgery of severe forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is difficult and unsolved.  Aims. To employ APC in this field and assess initial (first) results.  Methods. APC was applied in 66 cavitary PTB patients with the help of High-frequency electrosurgical APC generator. Namely, in 13 pneumonectomies, in 29 lobectomies, and in 24 cases for debridement of empyema cavity including 12 videothoracoscopic procedures. In cases of firm adhesions pneumolysis was performed using regimen BLEND cutting with coagulation. For haemostasis during debridement we used FULGUR forced deep argon beam coagulation. SPRAY contactless argon beam coagulation was used for haemostasis and pneumostasis of the lung surface.  Results. In all cases a proper haemostasis was possible. There were no complications after APC procedures. Average blood loss was 565 ml, which is 23% lower than in patients where APC was not applied. No appreciable air leakage was detected after APC treatment of the lung surface.  Conclusions. The first experience of using this method showed that it is very promising in solving the serious problem in PTB surgery - providing reliable hemostasis as well as preventing air leakage after releasing lung of adhesions.
Hypothesis: exposure to solvents may cause fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: CG Billings, P Howard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The incidence of fibrosing alveolitis, which can be caused by many agents, is increasing. In a proportion of patients, the aetiology is unknown (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis), but it has been suggested that environmental factors may play an important, but unrecognized, role in its pathogenesis. A review of the literature suggests that there may be a link between exposure to solvents, widespread occupational pollutants, and fibrosing alveolitis. Experimental work in animals has shown that exposure to solvents produces changes in the lung similar to those found in fibrosing alveolitis. Occupational exposure to a wide number of solvents has been associated with the development of systemic sclerosis. Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis is morphologically indistinguishable from fibrosing alveolitis, and a close relationship between the two diseases seems to exist. This close relationship and the experimental work linking solvent exposure to fibrosing alveolitis suggest that solvent exposure may be one cause of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Determination of any occupational exposure of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis may help in the understanding and prevention of this disease.
The involucrin genes of the white-fronted capuchin and cottontop tamarin: the platyrrhine middle region.
Authors: M Phillips, R H Rice, P Djian, H Green
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1991)

In all anthropoid species, the coding region of the involucrin gene contains a segment of short tandem repeats that were added sequentially, beginning in a common anthropoid ancestor. The involucrin coding region of each of two platyrrhine species, the white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons) and the cottontop tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), has now been cloned and sequenced. These genes share with the genes of the catarrhines the repeats added in the common anthropoid lineage (the early region). After their divergence, the platyrrhines, like the catarrhines, continued to add repeats vectorially 5' of the early region, to form a middle region. The mechanism that was established in the common anthropoid lineage for the addition of repeats at a definite site in the coding region was transmitted to both platyrrhines and catarrhines, enabling each to generate its middle region independently. The process of vectorial repeat addition continued in two platyrrhine sublineages after their divergence from each other.
Abstract 2131: The Association of Coarctation of Aorta Diminishes the Occurrence of Ascending Aorta Dilation in Children and Young Adults with Bicommissural Aortic Valves.
Authors: Thieu Nguyen, Andrea Z Beaton, Wyman W Lai, Prema Ramaswamy, Ira A Parness, Shubhika Srivastava
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: To explore the difference in ascending aortic dilatation between subgroups of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients with and without coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Methods: Our echocardiographic database (1993–2006) was searched for BAV patients with CoA (Group A) and without CoA (Group B). Measurements at the aortic annulus, root, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta were obtained for each patient, and body surface area-adjusted Z-score values were compared. Exclusion criteria included more than mild aortic stenosis or regurgitation, previous balloon aortic valvuloplasty, or complex left heart disease; plus Turner, Noonan, Williams, and Marfan Syndromes. Results: The median age in Group A (n=53) was 11.3 yrs (range 0 to 30) with median follow-up of 7 yrs (0 to 12.7); median age in Group B (n=145) was 8.7 yrs (0 to 29) with median follow-up of 4 yrs (0 to 13.1). Group B patients had significantly greater aortic annulus, sinotubular junction, and ascending aortic dimensions (ascending aorta Z-scores shown in Figure , p&lt;0.0001). Group A ascending aortic dimensions did not differ significantly from the normal population. The rate of growth of the ascending aorta in Group B was higher in the first 10 years of life. Conclusion: The ascending aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation does not dilate to the same degree as patients with isolated bicuspid aortic valve. This may reflect an inherent difference in aortic wall properties between the two groups. Comparison of Ascending Aorta Z Scores
Effect of nasal CPAP on nasal symptoms in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients
Authors: Mohammed AlAhmari, Jadwiga Wedzicha, John Hurst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: CPAP is considered the standard therapy for OSA [1]. However, CPAP can cause undesirable nasal side effects which can significantly compromise compliance with therapy [2]. Aims and objectives: Over a 6-month period, this study aimed to assess the impact of CPAP on nasal symptoms in OSA. Methods: 22 patients (mean age±SD: 59.5±7.5 years) with new, polysomnographically confirmed OSA (apnea hypopnea index [AHI events/h mean (SD) 30.2±15.9] were studied.

View this table:

Characteristics of the OSA patients





A six-point nasal score was collected at no CPAP and at 1, 3 and 6 months post-CPAP. Friedman’s test was conducted, followed by a post-hoc multiple comparison analysis using a Bonferroni corrections. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: CPAP resulted in a significant rise in nasal symptoms with time.

![Figure][1] 



[A Friedman Test: (χ2 (3) = 15.205, p = .002), post-hoc Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests with a Bonferroni correction (p < .05/6 < .008) revealed a significant increase in the Six-Point score between baseline and 6 months ( p = .006)]. Conclusion: CPAP resulted in an increase in upper airway symptoms which may add into the inflammatory process in OSA patients.

 [1]: pending:yes
Recalling Word Lists Reveals “Cognitive Dysmetria” in Schizophrenia: A Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Sergio Paradiso, Nancy C. Andreasen, Daniel S. O’Leary, G. Leonard Watkins, Laura L. Boles Ponto, Richard D. Hichwa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

This study explored the neural circuitry used during recall of unstructured verbal material in schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteer subjects.The subjects were 13 healthy volunteers and 14 schizophrenic patients. All patients were free of medication, and all subjects were right-handed. Two experimental cognitive conditions were used: recall of novel and practiced word lists (two 15-item lists from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Both active recall tasks were compared with an eyes-closed resting baseline condition. A nonparametric randomization test was used to determine within- and between-group differences in regional cerebral blood flow.Performance on both the practiced and novel memory tasks was nonsignificantly different in the patients and control subjects. During the novel memory task, the patients showed decreased flow in the right anterior cingulate, right thalamus, and bilateral cerebellum (left greater than right) relative to the control subjects. When recalling the practiced word lists, the patients showed decreased flow in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral medial frontal cortex, left supplementary motor area, left thalamus, left cerebellar regions, anterior vermis, and right cuneus.Patients with schizophrenia fail to activate cortical-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuitry during recall of both well-learned and novel word lists.
Clinical and microbiological profile of persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia in neonates
Authors: G. Dimitriou, S. Fouzas, N. Giormezis, I. Giannakopoulos, S. Tzifas, A. Foka, D.E. Anastassiou, I. Spiliopoulou, S. Mantagos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis in AIDS patients: the result of intensive CMV replication?
Authors: P Aukrust, I N Farstad, S S Frøland, E Holter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

We report a case of fatal pulmonary disease in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), where cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the only causative agent identified in the lungs at autopsy. The most prominent histopathological features were numerous interalveolar cells containing CMV inclusion bodies combined with scanty signs of inflammation. We propose that the lung damage caused by CMV in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is a direct consequence of cytopathogenic effects of the virus related to the extent of active virus replication.
Terence McQueen Collins
Authors: B. M. A. O. R. Walker
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Terence McQueen Collins (“Terry”) initially qualified as a vet in 1966, switching to medicine soon after qualifying but working as a vet during holidays to support his medical studies. Most of his working life was spent as a general practitioner in Maryport group practice in Cumbria.

He was instrumental in helping the practice develop from a traditional family doctor service to a modern multidisciplinary practice, embracing change where it was for the benefit of patients. This was exemplified by the practice …
Follicular and diffuse mixed small-cleaved and large-cell lymphoma--a clinicopathologic study.
Authors: E Hu, L M Weiss, R T Hoppe, S J Horning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

The clinical records and initial biopsy materials from 76 patients with mixed small-cleaved and large-cell lymphoma containing both a follicular and diffuse architectural pattern were reviewed. The characteristics of this group, treated at Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC) between 1963 and 1983, are described. The 5-year actuarial survival and freedom from progression are 70% and 27.5%, respectively. Classification according to the degree of follicularity indicated that patients with focally follicular areas (ie, less than 25% of the histologic section) have a significantly worse freedom from progression and overall survival at 5 years compared with those patients with a predominantly follicular architecture (ie, greater than 50% follicular areas). Based on our analysis, we feel that the degree of follicularity is an important prognostic factor and that mixed lymphoma patients with only focally follicular areas behave more like an intermediate-grade lymphoma and should be treated aggressively.
VERIFY (VERification of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity in EverydaY Practice)
Authors: Colin Berry, Marcel van 't Veer, Nils Witt, Petr Kala, Otakar Bocek, Stylianos A. Pyxaras, John D. McClure, William F. Fearon, Emanuele Barbato, Pim A.L. Tonino, Bernard De Bruyne, Nico H.J. Pijls, Keith G. Oldroyd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Evaluation of cut-off values of QuantiFERON-TB Gold, interferon gamma inducible protein-10 and tuberculin skin test in active tuberculosis diagnosis
Authors: Ekrem Seyhan, Kaya Köksalan, Gülsah Günlüoglu, Sinem Sökücü, Nurdan Veske, Aysegül Akbas, Sedat Altin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: The diagnostic accuracy of interferongamma- based assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may be improved by using lower cut-off values for the tuberculin skin testing (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) and Interferon gamma inducible protein (IP)-10.  Methods: A total of 70 adult TB patients and 81 healthy controls were included for this study.Three assays, TST, QFT and (IP)-10, were evaluated for their diagnostic performance with respect to different cut-off values. Test cut-offs were established based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.  Results: The sensitivities of the assays were: TST 40 %, QFT 87 % and IP-10 85 %, while their specificities were TST 58 %, QFT 71 % and IP-10 74 %. Both QFT and IP-10 were significantly more specific than TST (both P  0.5). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a cut-off value of 0.29 IU/ml for QFT and 1857 IU/ml for IP-10 maximises specificity without significant loss of test sensitivity. Using lower cut-off values for TST, however, also increased the sensitivity of the assay but resulted in a significant decrease in specificity.  Conclusions: Lower cut-off values for TST, QFT and (IP)-10 increased the sensitivity of each assay, but a lower cut-off value for QFT and (IP)-10 could specificity be maintained.
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDGPET) may be useful in the management of sarcoidosis
Authors: Sara Dal Farra, Maria Picchio, Elena Incerti, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, George Cremona
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background :Sarcoidosis has a variable natural course from an asymptomatic state to a progressive disease. Management of sarcoidosis is complex due to the disease9s variable natural history and response to treatment. There are also no clear objective indicators for predicting prognosis especially relapsing or progressive disease and standard practice (SP) uses a combination of clinical, functional and imaging criteria leading to significant differences in initiation and duration of treatment. 18F-FDG PEThas proved to be a sensitive technique in the assessment of disease activity. However the routine use of PET in the management of sarcoidosis is not validated.   Objective:  to determine whether 18F-FDGPET may be useful in the management of sarcoidosis.   Methods:  We have retrospectively analysed 30 patients (14 female; age 55 SD 13 years) with active pulmonary sarcoidosis requiring treatment with prednisone and/or immunosuppressives. 18-FDG PET was performed before the start and following 6-12 months of treatment (mean 9 SD 3 months). Treatment was discontinued if 18-FDG PET showed negative parenchymal activity . Follow-up was continued for at least 3 years.   Results: In 13 patients disease responded to treatment whereas 17 showed either incomplete response or relapse. There was a discrepancy between SP and 18-FDG PET at the end of treatment with the latter showing an 85% positive predictive value (95% CI 55-98%) and a 65% negative predictive value (95% CI 37-75%) for persistence or relapse of the disease.   Conclusions: While these data will have to be confirmed prospectively, they indicate 18-FDG PET may be superior to SP in predicting response to treatment in sacoidosis.
Radioimmunoassay for Human Thymus-Leukemia-Associated Antigen2
Authors: B. E. Chechik, A. Madapallimattam, E. W. Gelfand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

A competitive radioimmunoprecipitation method was developed for the quantitation of human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) isolated from human thymus tissue. Antisera to the antigen were raised by immunization of rabbits with purified fractions of HThy-L. The antigen was labeled with 125l by means of a modification of the lactoperoxidase technique and subjected to Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Analysis of fractions eluted from this column by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two labeled components with apparent molecular weights of 45,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively. Immunoprecipitation with anti-HThy-L antiserum demonstrated directly that the 45,000-dalton component carried HThy-L antigenicity. This fraction served as the source of labeled antigen in a competitive radioimmunoassay that permitted the detection of approximately 1 ng HThy-L. With the use of this assay, we confirmed quantitatively that the highest amounts of HThy-L were found in extracts of thymocytes, normal thymus tissues, and lymphoblasts for T-cell lines.
Vestibular Function Tests in Children
Authors: S E Snashall
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Vestibular function tests were performed on a series of 57 children between the ages of 1 and 16 years. Inattention and immaturity of eye movement control created difficulties in the analysis of the electronystagmography traces in some instances. With the eyes closed, spontaneous and positional nystagmus occurred in 20% of asymptomatic children and this was thought to be physiological. Changes in external ear pressure (fistula test) enhanced this spontaneous nystagmus. Smooth pursuit ataxia and optokinetic abnormalities were common in the children with reading disabilities and those with congenital deafness, and were thought to be soft neurological signs of brainstem dysfunction. The torsion swing chair test was acceptable and gave easily readable responses. Caloric abnormalities were very common in children with reading disabilities and provided useful information in those with congenital and acquired disorders of hearing and balance. It was concluded that normal data were required for children of all ages in order to improve our understanding of electronystagmography in children.
Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines.
Authors: S Z Langer
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1980)

During norepinephrine release elecited by the arrival of nerve impulses, the neurotransmitter interacts with specific receptors (alpha1-, beta1-, beta2-adrenoceptors) located in the membrane of the postsynaptic cell to trigger the response of the effector organ. Until a few years ago, it was thought that the role of noradrenergic nerve terminals in neurotransmission is concerned exclusively with the synthesis, storage, release, and inactivation of norepinephrine and there were no indications that receptors might also be present in the presynaptic membrane. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated in favour of the view that, in addition to the classical postsynaptic adrenoceptors that mediate the responses of the effector organ, there are also receptors located on the noradrenergic nerve terminals. These presynaptic recptors are involved in the modulation of the calcium-dependent, action-potential-evoked release of norepinephrine in the peripheral as well as in the central nervous system. Presynaptic inhibitory alpha-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of the release of norepinephrine through a negative feedback mechanism mediated by the neuron's own transmitter. Alpha-Adrenoceptor agonists inhibit the release of norepinephrine during nerve stimulation, while alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents enhance the stimulation-evoked release of the neurotransmitter. These results have been obtained both i vitro and in vivo. There are pharmacological differences between the postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors that mediate the response of the effector organ and the presynaptic inhibitory alpha-adrenoceptors that modulate the release of norepinephrine during nerve stimulation. The subclassification of alpha-adrenoceptors into alpha1- and alpha2-types is bases on differences in relative affinities for a range of alpha-adrenoceptor agoinst and antagonist durgs. The term alpha1-adrenceptor is used for a receptor that is preferentially stimulated by phenylephrine and blocked by prazosin, whereas alpha2-adrenoceptor is reserved for those preferentially stimulated by guanabenz or clonidine and blocked by rauwolscine or yohimbine. The presynaptic inhibitory alpha-adrenoceptors in the peripheral and in the central nervous system have the pharmacological characteristics of the alpha2-adrenoceptors. Presynaptic inhibiotry autoreceptors appear to be involved in the modulation of the release of dopamine and of epinephrine in the central nervous system. A short negative feedback mechanism similar to that for norepinephrine appears to regulate the stimulation-evoked release of dopamine and epinephrine in central neurons. In addition to presynaptic autoreceptors through which the transmitter can modulate its own release, a real mosaic of receptors in present on noradrenergic nerve endings...
Margaret McCartney: Medical journals and their parasitical profit
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Medical publishing is lucrative, but it is a parasitical profit, with rich pickings for the drug industry. The New England Journal of Medicine has set out its industry stall: in 1996 it decided that editorialists and reviewers should lack financial interests in the area under discussion, but it relaxed this policy in 2002. Its editor, Jeffrey M Drazen, recently wrote that he had made it “harder for people who have received industry payments . . . to write editorials or review articles” and asked whether this was in our best interests. “I think not—and I am not alone,” he wrote1; he wants more editorials by people with industry ties.

On this side of the pond, The BMJ offers advertising as the “perfect …