tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glomus tumours of the skin: an immunohistochemical investigation of the expression of marker proteins
Authors: W. M. HERBST, K. NAKAYAMA, O. P. HORNSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on cutaneous glomus tumours from 10 patients. The glomus areas in these tumours reacted strongly with anti-smooth muscle (CGA-7), anti-muscle (HHF-35) and anti-vimentin antibodies. Their neural supply was analysed using several nervous tissue markers (anti-neurone specific enolase, anti-S 100, anti-Leu 7, anti-neurofilaments). The results indicate a sprouting and proliferation rather than entrapment of pre-existing nerve fibres.
Point mutation, allelic loss and increased methylation of c-Ha-Ras gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Norio Ogata, Tomoteru Kamimura, Hitoshi Asakura
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Somatic alterations of the c-Ha-ras gene were examined in 21 Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Restriction endonuclease analysis by double digestion with MspI and HpaII revealed that DNAs from two of 21 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were affected by nucleotide substitution at the twelfth amino acid coding sequence of the c-Ha-ras gene. DNAs from cirrhotic noncancerous liver tissue, but not leukocytes, of one of these patients possessed the mutation, whereas DNAs from noncirrhotic liver tissue and leukocytes of the other patient did not. In one of the nine patients harboring heterozygosity for c-Ha-ras—related BamHI-fragments, the loss of one allele was demonstrated as a somatic change not only in DNA from the tumor tissue but also in DNA from the cirrhotic nontumorous tissue. In two of the 19 patients comparatively examined for digestion patterns of c-Ha-ras locus with HpaII and MspI, extensive methylation was observed as a somatic modification in both DNAs from the tumor and the cirrhotic nontumorous tissues. These results thus indicate that the genetic lesions affecting the c-Ha-ras gene do occur in human hepatocellular carcinoma and probably serve as one of the multiple steps in the process of hepatic carcinogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 1991; 13:31–37).
Novel biotransformation and physiological properties of norursodeoxycholic acid in humans
Authors: Alan F. Hofmann, Salam F. Zakko, Marco Lira, Carlo Clerici, Lee R. Hagey, K. Karel Lambert, Joseph H. Steinbach, Claudio D. Schteingart, Peter Olinga, Geny M. M. Groothuis
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Experiments were performed in 2 volunteers to define the biotransformation and physiological properties of norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA), the C23 (C24-nor) homolog of UDCA. To complement the in vivo studies, the biotransformation of norUDCA ex vivo using precision-cut human liver slices was also characterized. In the human studies, both a tracer dose given intravenously and a physiological dose (7.9 mmol, 3.0 g) given orally were excreted equally in bile and urine. By chromatography and mass spectrometry, the dominant biotransformation product of norUDCA in bile and urine was the C-23 ester glucuronide. Little N-acyl amidation (with glycine or taurine) occurred. The oral dose induced a sustained bicarbonate-rich hypercholeresis, with total bile flow averaging 20 μL/kg/min, a rate extrapolating to 2 L/d. The increased bile flow was attributed to cholehepatic shunting of norUDCA as well to the lack of micelles in bile. Phospholipid and cholesterol secretion relative to bile acid secretion decreased during secretion of norUDCA and its metabolites, presumably also because of the absence of micelles in canalicular bile. When incubated with human liver slices, norUDCA was glucuronidated, whereas UDCA was conjugated with glycine or taurine. In conclusion, in humans, norUDCA is glucuronidated rather than amidated. In humans, but not animals, there is considerable renal elimination of the C-23 ester glucuronide, the dominant metabolite. NorUDCA ingestion induces a bicarbonate-rich hypercholeresis and evokes less phospholipid and cholesterol secretion into bile than UDCA. Molecules that undergo cholehepatic shunting should be powerful choleretics in humans. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:1391–1398.)
ANESTHESIA AND THE ROLE OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS OF TODAY
Authors: RALPH M. TOVELL
Journal: JAMA (1949)

It is in no boastful spirit and it is without exaggeration that we venture to claim that the tremendous advances in surgery in recent years parallel directly the advances in anesthesia and the care of patients before and after operation. The development of new methods and new agents and the constantly increasing knowledge of human physiology have made many modern surgical procedures not only possible but practicable. <h3>STUDIES PRIOR TO ANESTHESIA</h3> When a patient comes to the hospital prepared to undergo surgical intervention, a careful history and physical examination will normally be adequate in the assessment of his physical status. Some of the simpler laboratory investigations are considered necessary. If the surgical or anesthetic procedure which is contemplated is likely to place undue stress on the patient, it is necessary to conduct investigations in greater detail. These, with the newer methods, are valuable in estimating a patient's tolerance to the
Observations on Ethanol-induced Hypoglycemia.
Authors: James B. Field
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Observations on Ethanol-induced Hypoglycemia.James B. Field, M.D.James B. Field, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-332_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHypoglycemia observed following ingestion of ethanolic beverages has frequently been attributed to nonethanol ingredients. Study of one such patient and normal control subjects demonstrates that ethanol itself produces hypoglycemia in association with fasting or poor nutrition. Fasting 44 hours followed by 30 to 45 ml of 95% ethanol diluted to 400 ml with water orally invariably produced hypoglycemia over the ensuing 2 to 3 hours. Blood sugars as low as 25 mg/100 ml were obtained. Changes in serum transaminase were not produced. Similar amounts of alcohol did not produce hypoglycemia after an overnight fast nor inhibit the hyperglycemic response to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 332-332KeywordsAlcoholsAminotransferasesBeveragesBlood sugarEthanolHypoglycemiaIngestionNutrition Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
(12) Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate (EEC syndrome)
Authors: J.N. Swallow, O.P. Gray, P.S. Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article (12) Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate (EEC syndrome) Get access J.N. Swallow, J.N. Swallow Dental Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O.P. Gray, O.P. Gray Dental Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. Harper P.S. Harper Dental Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue s9, 1 July 1973, Pages 54–56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03445.x Published: 01 July 1973
Inappropriate Patient Hospital Days Related to Patient, Disease, Physician, and Hospital Characteristics.
Authors: Bruce M. Bucher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Inappropriate Patient Hospital Days Related to Patient, Disease, Physician, and Hospital Characteristics.Bruce M. Bucher, M.D., Paul M. Gertman, M.D., David L. Rabin, M.D.Bruce M. Bucher, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paul M. Gertman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David L. Rabin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-855_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatient hospital days by certain patient, disease, physician, and hospital characteristics are described, and a-priori criteria are used to judge appropriateness of each patient hospital day. The study was conducted on the acute internal medicine service of a metropolitan general hospital. The basic instrument was a 35-item questionnaire answered daily by the patient's physician during the hospitalization. Specific information was elicited about physician care, nursing care, medications, consultation, laboratory and special diagnostic tests, X rays, and administrative circumstances during the previous 24 hours of hospitalization. The physician was asked which of the foregoing services or circumstances was the major reason... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bruce M. Bucher, M.D.; Paul M. Gertman, M.D.; David L. Rabin, M.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 855-855KeywordsHospital medicineHospitalizationsQuestionnairesResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Roche medical director could face GMC if the company withheld relevant data on oseltamivir
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The chairman of the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has said that if Roche were found to have withheld relevant data on its drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) the company’s medical director at the time of the submission to NICE could be reported to the General Medical Council.

Michael Rawlins was responding to a letter from the BMJ ’s editor in chief, Fiona Godlee, in which she asked NICE to withdraw its guidance on oseltamivir until it “has received and reviewed the full clinical trial data.” The request was the latest move in the BMJ ’s open data campaign (bmj.com/tamiflu), which aims to persuade Roche to honour the promise it made almost three years ago to make key trial data on oseltamivir available for independent scrutiny.

In her letter Godlee said that …
Treatment of alopecia areata with simvastatin/ezetimibe
Authors: Carol Lattouf, Joaquin J. Jimenez, Antonella Tosti, Mariya Miteva, Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Carol Kittles, Ingrid Herskovitz, Marc Z. Handler, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Lawrence A. Schachner
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia
Authors: A. Lukas, C. Antzelevitch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives: Myocardial ischemia results in an early phase of arrhythmias that primarily involves reentrant mechanisms. However, the trigger that initiates reentry remains unknown. We studied the initiation of reentry attending the development of electrical heterogeneity during simulated ischemia in isolated canine right ventricular subepicardium.Methods: Preparations consisted of thin epicardial sheets in which action potentials were recorded at 4 sites with intracellular microelectrodes. Tissues were superfused with a hyperkalemic, hypoxic and acidotic ‘ischemic’ solution.Results: Simulated ischemia produced a 40–70% abbreviation of the action potential at some epicardial sites but not others, primarily by suppressing development of the action potential plateau (or dome). This typically created a marked dispersion of repolarization within the preparation. Local re-excitation ensued when the action potential dome propagated from sites where it was maintained to sites where it was abolished. This mechanism, termed ‘phase 2 reentry’, produced an extrasystole which then initiated one or more cycles of circus movement reentry. Tachycardias consisting of repetitive reentry occurred in larger tissues. The window for reentry occurred over a range of stimulation rates that shifted to faster rates as ischemia progressed. The transient outward current blocker, 4-aminopyridine, restored the dome at all sites by reversing the ischemia-induced abbreviation of the action potential. Thus, block of the transient outward current restored electrical homogeneity and abolished all reentrant activity within the epicardial preparations.Conclusion: Our results implicate phase 2 reentry as a new mechanism for genesis of extrasystoles during simulated ischemia and identify this mechanism as a trigger of circus movement reentry. Validation of this hypothesis awaits the results of future studies using high-resolution recording techniques.
Who should manage vascular disease? Or any specialist with an interest?
Authors: P J Martin, R J Abbott
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Who should manage vascular disease?Surgeons ... EDITOR, -In discussing a possible role for medical angiologists C P Warlow suggests that such a specialty may be needed in the management of peripheral vascular disease.'The provision of services for patients with peripheral vascular disease seems to be following the trends seen in the United States and much of Europe, with vascular surgery emerging as a separate specialty distinct from general surgery.Despite their small number (less than half the suggested number of angio- logists) British vascular surgeons have a commendable record of organising randomised trials, have taken a lead in surgical audit, and have fostered close links with their radiological colleagues.This is not to deny the problems inherent in the provision of services for patients with peripheral vascular disease.Acute limb ischaemia and ruptured aneurysms generate a large volume of specalised emergency surgery,2 and many districts lack adequate facilities for dealing with these.'There is mounting evidence that treatment of these conditions by non-specialists may result in unnecessary loss of life4 and limb.5In this context it seems illogical to further subdivide the manage- ment of peripheral vascular disease between "surgeons" and "physicians."The natural solution is to increase the number of specialists able to offer the full range of investigations and treatments for such diseases.Vascular surgeons have taken a lead in providing facilities for non-invasive diagnosis through vascular laboratories.The Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland recently recommended the introduction of training in percutaneous procedures for trainees in vascular surgery and its members help to assess pharmacological and percutaneous techniques as well as traditional surgical methods.A sizable expansion in the number of,vascular surgeons would allow these areas to be developed further while improving the availability 9f emergency vascular services subregionally and would thus provide the best value for both patients and purchasers.
THE EMETIN TREATMENT OF AMEBIC DYSENTERY
Authors: William Allan
Journal: JAMA (1913)

For a number of years English<sup>1</sup>physicians working in India have maintained that ipecac is the best remedy for amebic dysentery, and within the past few years the American profession has largely come to agree with them.<sup>2</sup>In March, 1911, Vedder,<sup>3</sup>working in Manila, published his findings that a fluid extract of ipecac would kill amebas in cultures in dilutions as high as 1:200,000. The next year Rogers<sup>4</sup>in Calcutta found that emetin hydrochlorid killed amebas in stools in dilutions of 1:100,000 and began the use of this salt hypodermically in cases of amebic dysentery. His brilliant results led me to try this therapy, and as I have seen so far no confirmation of his work, I submit the following cases: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —White man, aged 51, farmer, contracted amebic dysentery in Alabama in October, 1912. I saw the case in consultation with Dr. L. W. Hunter, Dec.
Cytological brush entrapment: a hazard in the stomach postoperatively.
Authors: G A Reynolds, H J O'Connor, R Cockel
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Overweightness and obesity in dogs are associated with negative health outcomes. A better understanding of risk factors associated with canine weight is fundamental to identifying preventative interventions and treatments. In this cross-sectional study, we used a direct to consumer approach to collect body condition scores (BCS), as well as demographic, diet, and lifestyle data on 4,446 dogs. BCS was assessed by owners using a 9-point system and categorized as ideal (BCS 4-5), overweight (BCS 6), and obese (BCS 7+). Following univariate analyses, a stepwise procedure was used to select variables which were included in multivariate logistic regression models. One model was created to compare ideal to all overweight and obese dogs, and another was created to compare ideal to obese dogs only. We then used Elastic Net selection and XGBoost variable importance measures to validate these results. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 1,480 (33%) of dogs were reported to be overweight or obese, of which 356 (8% total) of dogs were reported to be obese. Seven factors were significantly associated with both overweightness/obesity and obesity alone in all three analyses (stepwise, Elastic Net, and XGBoost): diet composition, probiotic supplementation, treat quantity, exercise, age, food motivation level, and pet appetite. Neutering was also associated with overweightness/obesity in all analyses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study recapitulated established risk factors associated with BCS (age, exercise, neutering). Moreover, we elucidated associations between previously examined risk factors and BCS (diet composition, treat consumption, and temperament) and identified a novel factor (probiotic supplementation). Specifically, relative to dogs on fresh food diets, BCS was higher in dogs eating dry food both alone and in combination with other foods. Furthermore, dogs receiving probiotics, but not other forms of supplementation, were more likely to have an ideal BCS. Future studies should corroborate these findings with experimental manipulations.
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and Foregut
Authors: A. Cuschieri
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

This review is confined to the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, and foregut (oesophagus and stomach). The issues relating to laparoscopic cholecystectomy mainly concern the bile duct injuries associated with this operation. This review provides some evidence that although the risk for this iatrogenic injury is declining, it continues to be a problem and is accompanied by significant morbidity, mortality, and a huge escalation in care costs. Laparoscopic clearance of ductal stones is undoubtedly safe and effective, and issues have now focused on comparisons between this form of management and orthodox endoscopic clearance. Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy may well replace other forms of treatment of achalasia, including balloon dilation and botulinum toxin injection. As the results of laparoscopic antireflux surgery have been so good in the medium term, the question of medical versus laparoscopic treatment is being addressed by two randomized clinical trials. Gastric resection is established only in respect of excision of mesenchymal tumours. Gastric surgery for advanced gastric cancer must still be regarded as developmental. Laparoscopic liver resections and in situ ablation are still confined to developing centres, but the early results are promising. However, simpler hepatic procedures, such as de-roofing of symptomatic simple hepatic cysts, are well established and in widespread practice. Only a few centres have published their results on laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. The early reported outcome for internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, enucleation of benign insulinomas, and distal pancreatic resections has been good, but the experience is limited.
Authors' reply to Kolstad and colleagues
Authors: A. L. Hansell, R. E. Ghosh, P. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Kolstad and colleagues suggest that the results of our study on aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease may reflect confounding rather than causal associations,1 2 citing largely negative results of a large Danish study of occupational noise exposure, hypertension (based on registry data),3 and stroke.4 Occupational studies are subject to the “healthy worker” bias. For example, people who are prone to ill health related to noise exposure are more likely to leave or never start working in jobs with high exposure to noise, and although the study adjusted for early leavers some residual …
Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion.
Authors: R G McKay, M A Pfeffer, R C Pasternak, J E Markis, P C Come, S Nakao, J D Alderman, J J Ferguson, R D Safian, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Dilatation of infarcted segments (infarct expansion) may occur during recovery from myocardial infarction, but the fate of noninfarcted segments is uncertain. Accordingly, left ventricular geometric changes were assessed by left ventricular angiography and M mode echocardiography on admission and 2 weeks later in 30 patients with their first acute transmural myocardial infarction. All patients demonstrated chest pain, ST segment elevation with subsequent development of Q waves (15 anterior, 15 inferior), and elevation of cardiac enzymes. Sequential left ventricular angiographic and hemodynamic findings were available in these patients by virtue of their participation in a study of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. By that study design, all patients treated successfully with thrombolytic therapy and demonstrating improvement of flow in an occluded coronary artery underwent repeat cardiac catheterization. At 2 weeks there was a significant decrease in left ventricular and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (p less than .01), whereas both left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) volume indexes increased (p less than .01). The increase in LVEDV correlated directly with the percentage of the ventriculographic silhouette that was akinetic or dyskinetic at the initial catheterization (r = .71, p less than .001). To assess regional changes in both infarcted and noninfarcted segments, serial endocardial perimeter lengths of both the akinetic-dyskinetic segments (infarction zone) and of the remainder of the cardiac silhouette (noninfarction zone) were measured in all patients who demonstrated at least a 20% increase in their LVEDV at 2 weeks after myocardial infarction. Notably, there was a mean increase of 13% in the endocardial perimeter length of infarcted segments and a 19% increase in the endocardial perimeter length of noninfarcted segments. Serial M mode echocardiographic studies showed no significant change in the wall thickness of noninfarcted myocardial segments. Hemodynamic changes that occurred in this subgroup of patients included significant decreases in left ventricular end-diastolic and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (p less than .05) and significant increases in angiographic cardiac index (p less than .01) and LVESV index (p less than .01). We conclude that in patients who manifest cardiac dilatation in the early convalescent period after myocardial infarction, there is remodeling of the entire left ventricle including infarct expansion of akinetic-dyskinetic segments and volume-overload hypertrophy of noninfarcted segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)