tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The late phase of the immediate wheal and flare skin reaction. Its dependence upon IgE antibodies.
Authors: G O Solley, G J Gleich, R E Jordon, A L Schroeter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

IgE antibodies are usually thought to induce only immediate skin reactions. We have shown that the intradermal injection of a number of different allergens can produce a prolonged inflammatory reaction after the immediate wheal and flare in most sensitive subjects. This late inflammatory response occurs 6-12 h after challenge and is characterized by diffuse edema, erythema, pruritus, and heat. Both immediate and late responses can also be seen after passive sensitization of skin sites in nonatopic subjects. That IgE is involved in inducing the reaction was shown by the abolition of both immediate and late responses by passive transfer tests in the following experiments: (a) heating atopic serum at 56degreesC for 4 h, (b) removing IgE from the atopic serum by a solid phase anti-IgE immunoabsorbent, and (c) competitively inhibiting the binding of IgE antibodies to cells by an IgE myeloma protein. In addition, both responses were induced by affinity chromatography-purified IgE antibody, followed by antigenic challenge. Very similar lesions could also be induced by intradermal injection of Compound 48/80, thus suggesting a central role in the reaction for the mast cell or basophil. Histologically, the late phase is characterized by edema and a mixed cellular infiltration, predominantly lymphocytic but also containing eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils. Direct immunofluorescent staining did not show deposition of immunoglobulins or complement components, except IgM in 2 of 15 and C3 in 1 of 15 patients. This finding indicates that the late phase does not depend on the deposition of immune complexes. The results of the study suggest that IgE-allergen interaction on the surfaces of mast cells or on infiltrating basophils causes both immediate and late cutaneous responses.
Occlusion of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery in Two Young Women
Authors: Roy E. Christian
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Two 20-year-old females with pain in the foot and toe on one side associated with activity were treated at the Student Health Service. There was no history of trauma; neither smoked; both frequently went barefoot as is the current style on campus. Both patients were taking oral contraceptive medication, one for four years and the other for one year. It is estimated that one third of the 1,300 females (30 out of 86 in two 1968 surveys) on campus are on a regimen of oral contraceptives.  Physical findings were a loss of the dorsalis pedis pulse, slower filling after blanching, and a cooler foot on the involved side. Posterior tibial pulses were equal bilaterally.  In the first patient, after discontinuing medication, the pain and coldness disappeared gradually over a four-month period. The pedal pulse remains absent. The second patient's symptoms are subsiding one month after discontinuance of
Intramolecular inhibition of human defensin HNP-1 by its propiece.
Authors: E V Valore, E Martin, S S Harwig, T Ganz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We examined mechanisms that protect host defense cells from their cytotoxic effector molecules. Human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3 are microbicidal and cytotoxic defensins, initially synthesized as 94-amino acid preproHNP(1-94), cotranslationally proteolyzed to proHNP(20-94), then converted by removal of the anionic propiece to mature HNP(65-94)(HNP-1 and -3) and HNP(66-94) (HNP-2). We hypothesized that during synthesis and subcellular sorting the anionic propiece inhibits the cytotoxicity of the cationic defensin. We expressed preproHNP-1 cDNA in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells that secreted the normally transient proHNP-1(20-94) into the medium. Cyanogen bromide cleaved proHNP-1(20-94) at the fortuitously located Met64 to yield mature recombinant HNP-1(65-94) and unlinked propiece. Recombinant and native HNP-1 purified from PMN were identical as judged by mass spectrometry, retention time in reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, migration on acid-urea polyacrylamide gels, and reaction with a conformation-specific antibody. Recombinant and native HNP-1 had comparable microbicidal activity towards Listeria monocytogenes and were similarly potent in permeabilizing K562 leukemia cells, but proHNP-1(20-94) was virtually inactive in both assays. Addition of unlinked propiece (proHNP-1(20-64) with Met64-->homoserine) inhibited the bactericidal and cell-permeabilizing activity of mature HNP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Linked, and to a lesser extent unlinked, propiece interfered with the binding of HNP-1 to target cells. The propiece thus acts as an efficient intramolecular inhibitor of defensin HNP-1 cytotoxicity.
Perinatal Care of Low-Risk Mothers and Infants
Authors: Mark J. Yanover, Deloras Jones, Michael D. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A family-centered perinatal-care program featuring collaboration by nurse practitioners, obstetricians, pediatricians, and paramedical personnel was developed to enhance family participation and achieve a shorter but safe hospital stay. Discharge from the hospital was permitted as early as 12 hours after delivery. A perinatal nurse practitioner made daily home visits. The program's safety, feasibility, and acceptability to patients was studied by comparison of 44 patients so treated (study group) with 44 receiving traditional care (controls). Twenty-one study families, but no controls, went home within 24 hours. The study and control groups had no significant differences or trends in numbers of types of morbidity during hospitalization or the six-week post-partum period. The expense of the program is approximately equaled by hospital costs saved through early discharge. The results indicate that early discharge with home-care follow-up observation as described is safe, economically feasible, and well accepted by patients.
PREOPERATIVE DETECTION OF ABNORMAL PARATHYROID GLANDS USING 99m Tc-MIBI WASH-OUT SCAN: A SURGICAL CORRELATION
Authors: B. Erbas, N. Kahraman, J W. Scott, C D. Russell, E. Dubovsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and V.A. Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama.
The Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Escherichia coli 0157: H7 Infection
Authors: W. Lane M. Robson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 August 1993The Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Escherichia coli 0157: H7 InfectionW. Lane M. Robson, MD and Alexander K. C. Leung, MDW. Lane M. Robson, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Alexander K. C. Leung, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Swerdlow and colleagues' important study [1] of a water-borne outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infection causing diarrhea in 243 patients expands our knowledge of its epidemiology. Yet, the authors report that only 2 of 243 (<1%) patients developed diarrhea-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). This rate is much lower than in previous outbreaks of E. coli 0157:H7 infection. Previous reports of the incidence of diarrhea-associated HUS include 12 of 55 (22%) affected nursing home residents [2], 3 of 36 (8%) children in a daycare center [3], and 8 of 20 (40%) residents of a home for handicapped persons [4].... References1. Swerdlow DL, Woodruff BA, Brady RC, Griffin PM, Tippen S, Donnell HD Jr, et al. A waterborne outbreak in Missouri of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 associated with bloody diarrhea and death. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:812-9. Google Scholar2. Carter AO, Borczyk AA, Carlson JA, Harvey B, Hockin JC, Karmali MA, et al. A severe outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317:1496-500. Google Scholar3. Spika JS, Parsons JE, Nordenberg D, Wells JG, Gunn RA, Blake PA. Hemolytic uremic syndrome and diarrhea associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in a day care center. J Pediatr. 1986; 109:287-91. Google Scholar4. Pavia AT, Nichols CR, Green DP, Tauxe RV, Mottice S, Greene KD, et al. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome during an outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections in institutions for mentally retarded persons: clinical and epidemiologic observations. J Pediatr. 1990; 116:544-51. Google Scholar5. Robson WL, Leung AK, Kaplan BS. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1993; 23:16-13. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA role for fosfomycin treatment in children for prevention of haemolytic–uraemic syndrome accompanying Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infectionShigatoxin-1 binding and receptor expression in human kidneys do not change with age 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 249-250KeywordsDiarrheaEscherichia coliEscherichia coli infectionsHemolytic uremic syndromeHemolytic-uremic syndromeLaboratory testsMorbidityNursing homesPlateletsRenal failure Issue Published: 1 August 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Case of Partial Excision of the Larynx, Pharynx, etc., for Epithelioma: Eventual Death
Authors: R. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1887)

bas not attended the practice of others.Thus Dr. Strong, in the dis- cussion on Dr. Waxhamn's paper, reported 32 cases, with 31 deaths, the fatal issue being attributed to traumatic pneumonia, extension of membrane, and actual starvation.Another speaker, Dr. Hatfield, recorded 10 cases, all fataL If the results obtained by Ingals and Waxham be contrasted with tracheotomy, the new operation stands first as a means of saving life.Tracheotomy under four is admitted to be, on the whole, unsuccessful.Dr. Ingals estimates the recoveries at 15 to 20 per cent.;Trousseau for all cases, 20 per cent., or 1 in 5.Individual operators can, no doubt, show better results than these ; thus Dr. Mudd, in contrasting intubation and tracheotomy, gives as occurring in his own practice and in that of his firm 171 cases, with 46 recoveries, or 26.9 per cent.His later cases did better, for out of the last 32 no fewer than 16 recovered.This success he attributes to the milder character of the disease, and to the fact that the operation was performed earlier.Those who see much of tracheotomy know well how the results vary with the character of the disease, and the same influences act, of courso, for or against intubation.I remember a series of 19 tracheotomies at Guy's with 1 death, followed by another series in which nearly all died.Amongst the special advantages claimed for intubation are the rapidity with which it is performed, and the ready consent of friends ;the after-treatment is less tedious, and the results are as good as tracbeo- tomy.It is, moreover, urged that expectoration occurs more readily than through the tracheal tube-a result one would scarcely have anticipatel.Again, it may be performed at a time when tracheotomy could not be urged.Many of these points place intubation for general purposes before tracheotomy, but a perusal of the dangers above enumerated will qualify this conclusion to some extent, and leave us with the inipres.-,sion that the new operation will require as much skill, bath in its performance and in the after-treatment, as tracheotomy.As has been pointed out by the authors alluded to, and from whose writings, as will be understood, all these facts have been taken, intuhation, besides giving relief and Raving life in diphtheritic laryngitis-in which 'disease it should be performed early-is also specially of value in spasmodic croup, edema of the larynx and in chronic stenosis.It has, I think, been proved that these tubes can be worn for ten to four-
Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator:randomized trial in patients with nonischemicdilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomaticnonsustained ventricular tachycardia—AMIOVIRT
Authors: S.Adam Strickberger, John D Hummel, Thomas G Bartlett, Howard I Frumin, Claudio D Schuger, Scott L Beau, Cynthia Bitar, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Distinct Epigenetic Mechanisms Distinguish<i>TMPRSS2–ERG</i> Fusion-Positive and -Negative Prostate Cancers
Authors: Joshi J. Alumkal, James G. Herman
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

Abstract Summary: This issue of Cancer Discovery features an article that describes distinct epigenetic mechanisms that operate in TMPRSS2–ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers. This finding clarifies molecular features of these TMPRSS2–ERG fusion-negative tumors and may have implications for how to treat this prostate cancer subtype. Cancer Discov; 2(11); 979–81. ©2012 AACR. Commentary on Börno et al., p. 1024.
Control of HIV despite the Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Julianna Lisziewicz, Eric Rosenberg, Judy Lieberman, Heiko Jessen, Lucia Lopalco, Robert Siliciano, Bruce Walker, Franco Lori
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Eradication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a difficult goal to achieve, because a reservoir of replication-competent HIV is established in resting CD4 T lymphocytes soon after infection and persists after years of highly active antiretroviral treatment.1 A more realistic alternative to lifelong cumbersome, toxic, and expensive treatments is to control HIV, as occurs in patients with long-term nonprogression of the disease. A patient, who has become known as “the Berlin patient,” was treated soon after acute HIV infection, before complete seroconversion on Western blotting, with a combination of hydroxyurea (400 mg three times daily),2 didanosine . . .
Obesity Experts Say Less Weight Still Best
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE CURRENTLY recommended desirable weights for Americans are being subjected to renewed challenge. In the past 3 decades, the weight that people in this country are advised to achieve has been moved steadily upward—and this has some authorities worried. "The present standards are much too permissive," says Robert J. Garrison, chief, Field Studies Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. Garrison spoke at a New York (NY) Academy of Sciences symposium on obesity and weight control. In 1959, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company issued so-called desirable weight tables—"desirable" because the weights listed were those at which mortality was lowest among its clients. For example, the company stated that ideally an adult man who is 174-cm (5 ft 8 in) tall should weigh between 61 and 68 kg (135 to 149 lb). In a new table issued by Metropolitan in 1983,
PL1-1: How To Use Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer: Beyond the Basics.
Authors: EP Winer
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Over two thirds of all breast cancers are hormone receptor positive. The majority of these tumors have some degree of sensitivity to endocrine treatments. The approach to endocrine therapy has become more complex over the past decade, and there are more treatment choices than before. Not only are there choices about which endocrine therapy to use, but also important decisions about how long to continue treatment and how to sequence agents. It has become clear that the benefits and risks of endocrine therapy vary both from tumor to tumor and from person to person. The landscape will soon become even more complicated as targeted therapies are combined with endocrine therapy to prevent or reverse drug resistance. This lecture will focus on a number of key issues: 1) Can we improve upon a 5 year course of tamoxifen in premenopausal women? 2) Given the high risk of late recurrence in many patients with hormone receptor positive disease, which patients will benefit from extended adjuvant therapy and what should this therapy be? 3) Is the use of an aromatase inhibitor alone in postmenopausal women sufficient therapy for all breast cancer patients and how should we select individuals who should be considered for other approaches? 4) In 2011, are there patients with hormone receptor positive disease who should not receive adjuvant endocrine therapy? 5) What approaches can be used to circumvent resistance to hormonal therapy, and how quickly will they be incorporated into clinical practice? The talk will address the dilemmas that are most vexing for clinicians and have immediate relevance for clinical practice. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PL1-1.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Mild strains of the virus of herpes are described the action of which tends to be confined and local. Unless, therefore, these mild strains are injected intracranially they do not tend to produce virus encephalitis in the rabbit. Recovery from infection with the mild strains confers immunity to virulent strains of the herpes and allied viruses. Long glycerolation reduces the number of viable organisms. This loss among the mild strains may reduce the virus below the strength required for an effective extracranial although not below the strength needed for an intracranial inoculation. Herpes virus carriage in man, even under highly favorable conditions, is difficult of detection by means of rabbit inoculation. The detection may be achieved by intracranial when it cannot be accomplished by intracorneal inoculation. The virus producing encephalitis in the rabbit attaches itself chiefly to and multiplies in the substance of the central nervous system. Hence its detection in the cerebrospinal fluid is rarely accomplished. When the inoculation of the virus is made intracranially and especially when the inoculum is composed of active brain tissue, the virus is discoverable in the cerebrospinal fluid by rabbit inoculation much more frequently than when the virus encephalitis follows an extracranial variety of infection. The herpes virus is capable of excretion by the kidney of the rabbit and of being detected in the urine by rabbit inoculation. Among the rarer symptoms of virus encephalitis is excessive lacrimation. While salivation is frequent, lacrimation is exceptional. A comparison of the Levaditi, Doerr, and Goodpasture strains of virus indicates the first to be of medium, the second of mild, and the third of high degree of neurotropic activity. The Doerr strain resembles the mild herpes strains described in this paper. The Goodpasture virus, while exceeding the Levaditi strain in affinity for the central nervous system, falls below the H. F. strain in this regard. Neutralization of virus by the serum of infected and recovered rabbits takes place regularly within certain quantitative limits. Neutralization with human serum is inconstant and capricious and without demonstrable relation to previous attacks of epidemic encephalitis. Comparison of the clinical types of encephalitis as presented by the epidemic variety in man and the experimental virus variety in rabbits brings out certain correspondences and certain differences. It is only in partial and essentially superficial aspects that the two diseases can be identified one with the other.
'Desirable Weight' Goes Up in New Guidelines
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A NEW edition of the dietary guidelines has been issued by the federal Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. In seven recommendations it updates the previous edition, issued in 1985: (1) Eat a variety of foods. (2) Maintain a healthy weight. (3) Choose a diet low in fat. (4) Consume plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grain products. (5) Use sugar in moderation. (6) Use salt and sodium moderately. (7) If drinking alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.  Unlike the two previous editions of the guidelines, the latest version is specific on certain issues. For example, it recommends that women take only one alcoholic drink per day; men should limit themselves to two.  Regarding dietary fat, the guidelines recommend that the total should amount to no more than 30% of calories, preferably less. Thus, in an 8.4-kJ/d (2000 calorie/d) diet, there should be no more than 67 g of
THE CHAIN OF CHRONICITY
Authors: ROBERT SOMMER, GWYNETH WITNEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The goal of the study was to learn something of the process by which a newly-admitted patient becomes chronic. Interviews were held with 46 patients who had been transferred from the admission ward to a long-stay ward. Each patient was asked whether he knew the reasons for transfer, the person who told him, and what the transfer meant to him. The ward files of these patients were also examined to learn the official reason for the patient's transfer. Finally a comparison was made of the social-psychological characteristics of 50 patients who had been discharged from the admission ward and 50 patients who had been transferred to long-stay wards. It was found that most of the patients who were transferred rather than discharged were simple, catatonic, or undifferentiated schizophrenics. Patients who were transferred also tended to be unmarried and on the average spent less time on the admission ward than patients who were eventually discharged. The implications of these findings for the prevention of chronicity among mental patients were discussed.
HDL action on the vascular wall: is the answer NO?
Authors: Philip W. Shaul, Chieko Mineo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Circulating levels of HDL cholesterol are inversely related to the risk of atherosclerosis, and therapeutic increases in HDL reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. A new study shows that HDL-associated lysophospholipids stimulate the production of the potent antiatherogenic signaling molecule NO by the vascular endothelium.
Ileal mucosal absorption of bile acid in man: validation of a miniature flux chamber technique.
Authors: K B Hosie, R J Davie, B Panagamuwa, S Grobler, M R Keighley, N J Birch
Journal: Gut (1992)

A method that allows the quantitative assessment of ileal mucosal cell uptake and transport of bile acids in mucosal biopsy specimens has been validated. Viability of the tissue was confirmed by maintenance of normal cell morphology, wet weight, extracellular space, porosity to polyethylene glycol-900, lactate dehydrogenase release, and transmucosal potential difference. Using 14C-taurocholic acid, absorption was shown to be directional, capable of working against a concentration gradient, reduced by metabolic inhibitors, and sodium dependent. The system showed saturation kinetics with an estimated Km of 10 mumol/l. At a standard substrate concentration of 10 mumol/l ileal mucosal bile acid absorption was compared in patients with colorectal cancer (n = 6), ulcerative colitis (n = 10), and slow transit constipation (n = 8). There was no significant difference in tissue uptake or transport between the three groups.