tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL33 and TNFα synergistically enhance store operated Ca2+ entry in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Bo Liu, Carl Nelson, Ian Hall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Asthma is an inflammatory disease, characterised by a TH2-mediated immune response resulting in over-production of cytokines such as Interleukins and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF). Both TNFα and IL33 are expressed in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells and are implicated in severe asthma. TNFα was shown to up-regulate the expression of IL33 in a dose-dependent manner in HASM cells (1). We have previously recorded store-operated Ca 2+  entry (SOCE) in response to Ca 2+  store depletion in HASM cells (2), a process which may be involved in airway smooth muscle contraction. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that IL33 and TNFα may potentiate SOCE in cultured HASM cells.  Methods: Dynamic changes in intracellular Ca 2+  were recorded in HASM cells pre-treated with IL33 or TNFα for 24 or 48 hours using the FLIPR Calcium-5 kit and a Flexstation 3. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare different groups using one-way ANOVA.  Results: 24-hour treatment of cells with IL33 or TNFα produced a small increase in SOCE, while they had no effect on Ca 2+  release induced by either cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) or bradykinin (BK). 48-hour treatment of cells with TNFα (10 ng/ml) produced a marked increase of SOCE activated by CPA (by 39.5%; n=7, p=0.012) or BK (by 32.1%; n=7, p=0.027). In the presence of TNFα (1 ng/ml), IL33 (100 ng/ml) produced a marked increase in SOCE activated by CPA (by 19.7%; n=7, p=0.003) or BK (by 27.1%; n=7, p= 0.001) compared with TNFα only.  Conclusion: IL33 and TNFα synergistically potentiated SOCE in a concentration dependent manner in cultured HASM cells.  1. Prefontaine, D, et al.  J Immunol  2009; 183:5094-5103  2. Peel S, et al.  Respir Res  2006; 7(1): 119.
Pulmonary Adenomatosis of Sheep (Jaagsiekte). I. Ultrastructure of the Tumor
Authors: K Perk, I Hod, T A Nobel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Pulmonary adenomatosis of the Awassi sheep is characterized by progressive tumor cell growth in the lungs and by metastatic involvement of various organs. Electron microscopy showed that the neoplastic cells were apparently derived from type-B alveolar epithelial cells. Morphologically, the unique cytosomes, the extensively developed Golgi apparatus, junctional complexes, and microvilli were comparable in type-B alveolar cells and tumor cells. In addition, the tumor cells possessed paired cisternae, membranous whorls, filaments, and glycogen granules that are not seen in normal lung cells. Virus particles of unknown etiological significance were found in thin sections of the tumor.
Sleep disordered breathing in children with endocrinological problems
Authors: Yasemin Gokdemir, Hatice Ezgi Aksu, Ela Erdem, Nilay Bas Ikizoglu, Fazilet Karakoc, Bulent Karadag, Serap Turan, Refika Ersu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Polysomnography (PSG) is the definitive diagnostic test in determining sleep-related problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate pediatric patients with endocrinological problems who had PSG in our clinic.

Methods: Demographic data, pediatric sleep questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire and PSG results of patients who were referred from pediatric endocrinology clinic to our PSG laboratory were evaluated.

Results: There were 23 cases (16 girls) referred from pediatric endocrinology for PSG, Mean age was 8.9±4.6 years. Main indications for PSG were pycnodisostosis (7 patients), obesity (6 patients), observed apneas (1 patient), Prader Willi syndrome (4 patients), snoring (2 patients), hipopituitarism (2 patients) and osteopetrosis (1 patient). Six patients were obese and 4 were overweight. There were only 4 normal studies. 15 patients experienced hypoxia during sleep. Median obstructive apnea and hypopnea index was 2.63 (0-38.75)

View this table:

Polysomnography Indications and results





. All obese patients experienced hypoxia during sleep. 13 patients received therapy after the study

View this table:

Treatment of patients after PSG





.
The therapeutic effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled prospective phase II multi-institutional study
Authors: Y. Ahn, H. Wu, S. Song, Y. Kim, Y. Oh, C. Lee, K. Keum, S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6021 Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of topically applied human recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the reduction of oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy (or concurrent chemoradiotherapy) in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancer receiving external radiotherapy (RT) to the oral cavity or soft palate with conventional fractionation (2 Gy/fraction, 5 fractions weekly, minimum 25 fractions) were entered into a study. Patients were assigned to a placebo group or to one of three EGF-treatment groups (10 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, or 100 μg/ml). EGF was delivered in a spray twice daily to the whole oral cavity, beginning at the start of RT and continuing through 5 weeks of RT. The primary endpoint examined was mucositis, and the grade of mucositis was evaluated weekly by physicians using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale for acute mucosal morbidity. Responders to EGF were defined as having a RTOG grade 1 score or lower during RT through week 4–5 and don't maintain RTOG grade 2 for week 4–5. Secondary endpoints were WHO oral toxicity scale grade, patient weight, pain score, opioid analgesia use, and time to develop mucositis. Results: Of the 113 patients from six institutions enrolled, 28 were placed in the placebo group, 29 received EGF at 10 μg/ml, 29 at 50 μg/ml, and 27 at 100 μg/ml. Thirteen patients (11.5%) were excluded from further analysis. Forty had nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and 37 had cancers of the oropharynx, 23 of the oral cavity, and 23 in other locations. Compared to placebo, EGF significantly reduced the incidence of severe oral mucositis for the primary endpoint (63% response with EGF at 50 μg/ml vs. 34% response in the control group; p = 0.0227). However, no differences in any secondary endpoints were found between groups. Conclusions: RhEGF oral spray during radiotherapy (or concurrent chemoradiotherapy) is safe and has therapeutic activity against oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. Further phase III study is needed to confirm these results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Interactions between exposure to cigarette smoke and variations in the GSTM genotype for asthma quality of life
Authors: Steve Turner, Roger Tavendale, Somnath Mukhopadhyay, Anil Mehta, Colin Palmer, Jon Ayres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background.  Asthma is a heterogeneous condition and our hypothesis is that gene environment interactions explain some of the variation within the asthmatic population. Here we report on an interaction between exposure to second hand smoke (SHS, an oxidant stress) and variation in the gene coding for antioxidant protein GST-M for asthma outcomes.  Methods  Children with asthma were recruited from primary and secondary care across Scotland. A respiratory questionnaire and the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) were completed and DNA collected. A subset underwent an assessment including spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide. Saliva was collected for cotinine analysis.  Results  From 894 children recruited, PAQLQ and DNA were obtained in 499 (56%). There were 88 children exposed to SHS. Compared to children null for GSTM who were not exposed to SHS, the overall PAQLQ score for exposed children null for GSTM was reduced (meaning worse quality of life) by a mean of -0.7 [95% CI -0.1, -1.3] p=0.020. Similar associations were present for domains of symptoms (mean difference -0.7 [-0.1, -1.3]) and emotions (mean difference -0.7 [-0.1, -1.2]) but not activities (mean difference -0.3 [95% CI -0.9, +0.3]). There were no differences in spirometry or exhaled nitric oxide between GSTM null children who were and were not exposed to SHS.  Conclusion  Our findings support the hypothesis that gene environment interactions are important to some of the heterogeneity of asthma. Whilst all children with asthma should avoid SHS exposure, parents of children null for GTSM (50% of all asthmatics) might be considered for specific intervention.
Mulitidisciplinary MND clinics - Should every hospital have one?
Authors: Anthony Carver, Tracy Ellimah, Thomas Sanctuary, Mohamed Sakel, Bandipalyam Prathibha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Motor neuron disease (MND) is best managed by a multi-disciplinary team, including a respiratory physician to assess for respiratory failure, for which non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is indicated. East Kent Hospitals University Foundation Trust has recently developed a regional neurology centre and has well established domiciliary ventilation services. The multi-disciplinary MND team was developed in 2008.  Aim: To review the management of MND in East Kent and the changes since the establishment of a multi-disciplinary MND team.  Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical notes of all patients diagnosed with MND over the last 10 years.  Results: Total number of patients with a diagnosis of MND was 65. 3 had familial disease (4.6%).  Conclusion: The number of patients managed by the East Kent team has increased 5fold since 2008. This perhaps reflects the need for teams closer to home, which leads to better access to specialist intervention including NIV which improves survival. The mean time from symptom to diagnosis has also reduced since the introduction of a multi-disciplinary team, as has the earlier need for PEG. Further analysis may identify the contributing factors.
Ensuring Quality Cancer Care by the Use of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Critical Pathways
Authors: Thomas J. Smith, Bruce E. Hillner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: We describe the impact of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on improvement in oncology treatment processes or outcomes. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of the literature from 1966 to the present and a directed review of the literature. RESULTS: Improvements have been demonstrated in compliance with evidence-based guidelines or evidence-based medicine, and in short-term length of stay, complication rates, and financial outcomes. The data suggest that patient satisfaction can be maintained despite a shorter length of stay. There has been one example of province-wide improvement in disease-free and overall survival of breast cancer patients coincident with the adoption of CPGs. The components of successful guidelines can be summarized as follows: (1) development is based on evidence, with the guideline formulated by key physicians in the group; (2) the guidelines are disseminated to all affected health care professionals for critique; (3) implementation includes direct feedback on performance to physicians or general feedback on system performance; and (4) there is accountability for performance according to the guidelines. This accountability can consist of voluntary peer pressure to conform to evidence-based medicine, and it does not require a financial reward or penalty. CONCLUSION: Some attempts to improve practice have been moderately successful in achievement of reduced health care costs, reduced hospital length of stay, and possibly improved outcomes. Other methods that are still in use have been demonstrated to have little effect. Programs that have not succeeded have relied on voluntary change in practice behavior without incentives to change or have had no accountability component. Further research is needed to assess how guidelines are enacted in organizations other than those demonstrably committed to improvement, ways to improve compliance of health care providers who are not committed to change, and methods to improve accountability.
Observer Variation in the Interpretation of Xeromammograms&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N F Boyd, C Wolfson, M Moskowitz, T Carlile, M Petitclerc, H A Ferri, E Fishell, A Gregoire, M Kiernan, J D Longley, I S Simor, A B Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

We have examined variation in the interpretation of xeromammograms among radiologists designated to take part in a Canadian multicenter randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer. Radiologists read 100 xeromammograms comprising 10 histologically proved cancers, 40 benign abnormalities, and 50 normal films. Radiologists' opinions differed widely on the frequency of suspected or identified cancer. The diagnostic category “suspicion of cancer” or “cancer” was selected by radiologists for 10–55% of the films, and biopsy or aspiration was recommended for 21 to 53% of patients whose films were examined. Agreement on specific diagnostic categories was greatest for the diagnosis of cancer; agreement was least for the diagnosis of benign abnormalities and intermediate for the diagnosis of normality. Known cancers were in general correctly identified. These results indicate a need for development of methods to reduce observer variation in the interpretation of xeromammograms while preserving diagnostic sensitivity and validity. Results also emphasize the importance of developing strategies to ensure quality control in multicenter trials.
Types and frequency of triggers experienced by asthma patients: A quantitative study
Authors: Peter Dale, Emma Elder, Gillian Newbold, Nicola Vyas, Sian O'Regan, David Price, Kenneth R. Chapman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Detailed information about the frequency and type of asthma trigger exposures recognised by asthma patients is not readily available.   Methods:  We used patient diaries and an online study to quantify triggers identified by patients with asthma in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. The study was completed by 1202 adults with asthma on maintenance therapy; 177 also completed an online diary every other day for 3 weeks.   Results:  The majority of patients in the study were uncontrolled (76% had an Asthma Control Test score of ≤19). A wide variation in the number of triggers ever encountered by asthma patients was identified (1–36, mean 13); over one-third described having experiencing at least 16 triggers. Key triggers and the proportion of sufferers reporting ever experiencing them were: dust/dusting (72%), colds/influenza/sinusitis (69%), smoking (60%), smoke (59%), air pollution (58%), exercise (54%), strong odours (54%), weather changes (51%), mould (51%) and animals (50%). Dust/dusting was the most common and frequent trigger, whereas colds/influenza/sinusitis although common was experienced less frequently. Whilst many patients experienced a range of triggers, the combination of only 3 (dust/dusting, smoking and exercise) accounted for 79% of triggers experienced in the last 2–3 months. Diary entries showed 67% of asthma patients experienced at least one trigger on every day of diary completion. Only (7%) claimed to experience triggers infrequently (every 4–6 months or less often).   Conclusion:  A wide range and high frequency of asthma triggers amongst asthma patients was identified. The most common were dust/dusting, colds/influenza/sinusitis, smoking and smoke.  Funded by GSK
Increased Signaling via Adenosine A1 Receptors, Sleep Deprivation, Imipramine, and Ketamine Inhibit Depressive-like Behavior via Induction of Homer1a
Authors: Tsvetan Serchov, Hans-Willi Clement, Martin K. Schwarz, Felice Iasevoli, Dilip K. Tosh, Marco Idzko, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Claus Normann, Knut Biber, Dietrich van Calker
Journal: Neuron (2015)
International Union of Pharmacology. XXI. Structure, Distribution, and Functions of Cholecystokinin Receptors
Authors: Florence Noble, Stephen A. Wank, Jacqueline N. Crawley, Jacques Bradwejn, Kim B. Seroogy, Michel Hamon, Bernard P. Roques
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1999)

The peptide cholecystokinin (CCK)2was originally discovered in the gastrointestinal tract ([Ivy and Oldberg, 1928][1]) and has been shown to mediate pancreatic secretion and contraction of gallbladder. Then, CCK was described in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) as a gastrin-like
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: Another Cytokine With Adjuvant Therapeutic Benefit in Melanoma?
Authors: David Lawson, John M. Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.8.1603 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10764419 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: Another Cytokine With Adjuvant Therapeutic Benefit in Melanoma? David Lawson, MDxDavid LawsonSearch for articles by this author John M. Kirkwood, MDxJohn M. KirkwoodSearch for articles by this author Show More Emory University, Atlanta, GAUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.8.1603 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clonal dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 harbouring KPC-2 in Argentina
Authors: S.A. Gomez, F.G. Pasteran, D. Faccone, N. Tijet, M. Rapoport, C. Lucero, O. Lastovetska, E. Albornoz, M. Galas, R.G. Melano, A. Corso, A. Petroni, KPC Group
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Comparison of sputum smears examination by Ziehel-Neelsen (ZN) staining vs light-emitting-diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and possibility of single day disposal
Authors: Jai Kishan Karahyla, Kamlesh Kumari, Pritpal Kaur Atwal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Under robust external quality assurance (EQA) examination of two sputum smears (one spot and one morning –‘S’-‘M’ specimen) by ZN staining is standard practice for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in India. In centers with high workload LED-FM has been introduced. Many a times the second day morning specimen is not submitted by patient as it mean loss of another working day and more expenses for patient but can be a threat to program and community because of missed diagnosis. LED-FM is known to be more sensitive than ZN staining so a study was under taken to compare sputum smear examination  METHODS: Results of six month sputum smear examination by ZN staining before introduction of LED-FM and six month smear examination after introduction of LED-FM were compared With ZN staining and LED-FM both samples were positive in 98.48% cases and 96.24% cases respectively, however Sputum grading of sample ‘M’ was more than specimen ‘S’ in 10.65% and 20.63% cases with Zn staining and LED-FM staining respectively. From the above it is clear that under robust EQA s ingle specimen could pick up majority of smear positive cases both by ZN staining and by LED-FM staining, there do not seem to be any need of calling on second day for early morning specimen. This will save patients time and Money.  CONCLUSION: Under robust EQA single spot specimen for diagnosis can be adopted as a cost-beneficial strategy under program conditions so that patient’s time and money can be saved.
Impact of atopic dermatitis and loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene on the development of occupational irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: M.J. Visser, L. Landeck, L.E. Campbell, W.H.I. McLean, S. Weidinger, F. Calkoen, S.M. John, S. Kezic
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) are both associated with chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). As FLG mutations also are a major risk factor for AD, it is not clear whether FLG mutations are an independent risk factor for ICD or whether the risk is mediated by AD.
Erythropoietic Capacity of Short-Term Mouse Marrow Cultures2
Authors: L. H. Smith, T. W. McKinley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Erythropoietic Capacity of Short-Term Mouse Marrow Cultures Get access L. H. Smith, L. H. Smith Biology Division, Oak Ridgz National Laboratory, Oak Ridgz, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. W. McKinley, Jr. T. W. McKinley, Jr. Biology Division, Oak Ridgz National Laboratory, Oak Ridgz, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 35, Issue 3, September 1965, Pages 573–577, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/35.3.573 Published: 01 September 1965 Article history Received: 13 January 1965 Published: 01 September 1965
Outcomes of Basic Versus Advanced Life Support for Out-of-Hospital Medical Emergencies
Authors: Prachi Sanghavi, Anupam B. Jena, Joseph P. Newhouse, Alan M. Zaslavsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Most Medicare patients seeking emergency medical transport are treated by ambulance providers trained in advanced life support (ALS). Evidence supporting the superiority of ALS over basic life support (BLS) is limited, but some studies suggest ALS may harm patients.To compare outcomes after ALS and BLS in out-of-hospital medical emergencies.Observational study with adjustment for propensity score weights and instrumental variable analyses based on county-level variations in ALS use.Traditional Medicare.20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from nonrural counties between 2006 and 2011 with major trauma, stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or respiratory failure.Neurologic functioning and survival to 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years.Except in cases of AMI, patients showed superior unadjusted outcomes with BLS despite being older and having more comorbidities. In propensity score analyses, survival to 90 days among patients with trauma, stroke, and respiratory failure was higher with BLS than ALS (6.1 percentage points [95% CI, 5.4 to 6.8 percentage points] for trauma; 7.0 percentage points [CI, 6.2 to 7.7 percentage points] for stroke; and 3.7 percentage points [CI, 2.5 to 4.8 percentage points] for respiratory failure). Patients with AMI did not exhibit differences in survival at 30 days but had better survival at 90 days with ALS (1.0 percentage point [CI, 0.1 to 1.9 percentage points]). Neurologic functioning favored BLS for all diagnoses. Results from instrumental variable analyses were broadly consistent with propensity score analyses for trauma and stroke, showed no survival differences between BLS and ALS for respiratory failure, and showed better survival at all time points with BLS than ALS for patients with AMI.Only Medicare beneficiaries from nonrural counties were studied.Advanced life support is associated with substantially higher mortality for several acute medical emergencies than BLS.National Science Foundation, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and National Institutes of Health.