tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cluster analysis of the origins of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus
Authors: A Solovyov, G Palacios, T Briese, W I Lipkin, R Rabadan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In March and April 2009, a new strain of influenza A(H1N1) virus has been isolated in Mexico and the United States. Since the initial reports more than 10,000 cases have been reported to the World Health Organization, all around the world. Several hundred isolates have already been sequenced and deposited in public databases. We have studied the genetics of the new strain and identified its closest relatives through a cluster analysis approach. We show that the new virus combines genetic information related to different swine influenza viruses. Segments PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP and NS are related to swine H1N2 and H3N2 influenza viruses isolated in North America. Segments NA and M are related to swine influenza viruses isolated in Eurasia.
Long‐term outcomes of primary systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis in patients treated upfront with bortezomib or lenalidomide and the importance of risk adapted strategies
Authors: Efstathios Kastritis, Maria Roussou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Magdalini Migkou, Despina Kalapanida, Constantinos Pamboucas, Elisavet Kaldara, Argyrios Ntalianis, Erasmia Psimenou, Savvas T. Toumanidis, Anna Tasidou, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Bortezomib and lenalidomide are increasingly used in patients with AL amyloidosis, but long term data on their use as primary therapy in AL amyloidosis are lacking while early mortality remains significant. Thus, we analyzed the long term outcomes of 85 consecutive unselected patients, which received primary therapy with bortezomib or lenalidomide and we prospectively evaluated a risk adapted strategy based on bortezomib/dexamethasone to reduce early mortality. Twenty-six patients received full-dose bortezomib/dexamethasone, 36 patients lenalidomide with oral cyclophosphamide and low-dose dexamethasone and 23 patients received bortezomib/dexamethasone at a dose and schedule adjusted to the risk of early death. On intent to treat, 67% of patients achieved a hematologic response (24% hemCRs) and 34% an organ response; both were more frequent with bortezomib. An early death occurred in 20%: in 36% of those treated with full-dose bortezomib/dexamethasone, in 22% of lenalidomide-treated patients but only in 4.5% of patients treated with risk-adapted bortezomib/dexamethasone. Activity of full vs. adjusted dose bortezomib/dexamethasone was similar; twice weekly vs. weekly administration of bortezomib also had similar activity. After a median follow up of 57 months, median survival is 47 months and is similar for patients treated with bortezomib vs. lenalidomide-based regimens. However, risk adjusted-bortezomib/dexamethasone was associated with improved 1-year survival vs. full-dose bortezomib/dexamethasone or lenalidomide-based therapy (81% vs. 56% vs. 53%, respectively). In conclusion, risk-adapted bortezomib/dexamethasone may reduce early mortality and preserve activity while long term follow up indicates that remissions obtained with lenalidomide or bortezomib may be durable, even without consolidation with alkylators.
Studies on the Susceptibility of C57BL/6 Mice to Rauscher Virus. II. Multiplication of Rauscher Virus in C57BL/6 Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vivo&lt;/italic&gt;, and &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Akinori Ishimoto, Yohei Ito, Michiyuki Maeda
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Multiplication of Rauscher virus in the CS7BL/6 mice in vivo and in vitro was compared to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the genetic resistance of CS7BL/6 adults to this virus. Cells from 12 spleens of 4-week-old CS7BL/6 mice were cultured individually in TD40 flasks, and half of them were infected with Rasucher virus. Three CS7BL/6 spleen cell lines producing Rauscher virus were established from them: R17-4, R17-S, and R17-6. The tissue culture fluids from the three R17 cell lines induced erythroblastosis and lymphoma. The infectivity titer of the virus propagated in CS7BL/6 cells in vitro was almost the same as that of the virus propagated in BALB/c cells in vitro. The maximum dilutions of tissue culture fluids from R17 cell lines able to induce erythroblastosis in weanling SMA and BALB/c mice were always over 10-2 and sometimes as high as 10-3; this figure remained consistent for over 2 years. However, propagation of Rauscher virus in vivo in the CS7BL/6 mice was much lower than that in the BALB/c mice, As a factor that may be related to the difference in virus multiplication in vivo and in vitro, the influence of Rauscher virus infection on the platelet count of susceptible BALB/c and SMA mice and resistant CS7BL/6 mice was also compared. Rauscher virus infection caused a significant amount of thrombocytopenia in BALB/c and SMA mice but little in CS7BL/6 mice.
Diagnostic capabilities of the T SPOT TB in children with tuberculous bronhadenitis: University Clinic for Lung Diseases – Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Svetlana Velizarova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Bronhadenitis TB is the most common form of tuberculosis disease in childhood. In Bulgaria about 67% of all patients newly diagnosed children with this diagnosis.  The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic capabilities of the T SPOT TB in this form of TB disease.  In a period of one year were examined in 50 children ages 0-12 years treated in ower hospital with tuberculosis of lung lymph nodes. The diagnosis was set based on history, clinical, microbiological and radiological check you. TST and T SPOT TB test were performed simultaneously in the studied children.  It was investigated the relationship between immunological samples TST and T SPOT TB compared contacted hectic age, BCG status and sputum smear microscopy.  If no children with TST negative samples, 44% were normergichni reactions to 15 mm. 56% were hiperergiya> 15 mm.  In a study with T SPOT TB 28% gave negative results and 72% positive. Most children 44% responded to both applied antigen, 20% of the CFP 10 and only 8% of ESAT 6.  As a result of the study made the following conclusions: 1. T SPOT TB has its place in the diagnosis of tuberculosis especially in countries with compulsory BCG vaccination Bulgaria 2. T SPOT TB has a better diagnostic capabilities in major age groups 3. It was a good correlation between the two tests - the percentage of correlation 80%. 4. The sensitivity of the T SPOT TB was 70% and 90% in TST
Randomized study of cisplatin dose intensity in poor-risk germ cell tumors: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group and Southwest Oncology Group protocol.
Authors: C R Nichols, S D Williams, P J Loehrer, F A Greco, E D Crawford, J Weetlaufer, M E Miller, A Bartolucci, L Schacter, L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Between 1984 and 1989, 159 patients presenting with advanced germ cell cancer were entered on a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and toxicity of etoposide and bleomycin and either standard-dose cisplatin (20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days) or high-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2 daily for 5 days). Of the 159 patients, 153 were assessable for toxicity and response. As expected, patients receiving the high-dose cisplatin regimen experienced significantly more neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nausea and vomiting, and myelo-suppression. Four patients (3%) died related to therapy. Despite the toxicity encountered, dose intensity was maintained. Overall, 84% of patients in the high-dose arm received 80% or more of the projected dose of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin; and 90% of patients on the standard-dose arm received 80% or more of the projected dose. Of the 76 eligible patients randomized to receive the high-dose cisplatin regimen, 52 (68%) became disease-free with chemotherapy alone or with subsequent resection of residual teratoma or cancer. Of the 77 patients randomized to the standard-dose arm, 56 (73%) became disease-free with chemotherapy alone or with surgery. Median follow-up is now 24 months. Eleven patients (three high-dose and eight standard-dose) relapsed from disease-free status. Overall, 74% of patients receiving the high-dose cisplatin regimen are alive, and 63% are continuously free of disease. Of the patients receiving the standard-dose cisplatin regimen, 74% are alive, and 61% are continuously free of disease. This randomized prospective trial in advanced germ cell cancer achieved dose intensity of the most active single agent in this disease. This dose intensity did not translate into an improved survival or cure. We conclude that dose escalation of cisplatin beyond standard doses results in excess toxicity with no accompanying therapeutic benefit.
Activity of sequential low-dose methotrexate and fluorouracil in advanced colorectal carcinoma: attempt at correlation with tissue and blood levels of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate.
Authors: N E Kemeny, T Ahmed, R A Michaelson, H D Harper, L C Yip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Forty-five patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given sequentially. The dose of MTX was 40 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8 followed 24 hours later by 5-FU at 600 mg/m2 IV on days 2 and 9; the drugs were recycled every 28 days. Fourteen (32%) of 43 adequately treated patients had a complete or partial response lasting a median of nine months (range, 6-15 + months). Four patients had a minor response and seven patients had stable disease for a median of nine and 10 months, respectively. Toxicity included mucositis in 28 (65%) patients, diarrhea in 18 (40%), nausea in 11 (24%), and vomiting in seven (16%). Hematologic toxicity was mild: six patients had nadir white blood cell counts less than 3.5 X 10(3) cells/microL, and seven patients had a nadir platelet count less than 100 X 10(3) cells/microL. Serial biopsies and blood samples were obtained in selected patients to evaluate the effect of MTX on tissue and lymphocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and PRPP synthetase levels.
Development of Fewer Tumor Colonies in Lungs of Athymic Nude Mice After Intravenous Injection of Tumor Cells 2
Authors: Clare B. Skov, James M. Holland, Eugene H. Perkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The formation of tumor colonies was compared in the lungs of athymic nude and normal littermate mice after an iv injection of transplantable syngeneic tumor cells. Each of 5 tumors tested formed fewer colonies in the lungs of nude recepients.
Abstract 127: Collagen Nanopatterning Modulates Endothelial Cell Atheroprotective Function, Survival, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Ngan F Huang, Edwina Lai, Tatiana Zaitseva, Michael V Paukshto, John P Cooke
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are longitudinally oriented in regions of laminar flow, but randomly distributed in regions of disturbed flow. The unaligned ECs in disturbed flow fields manifest altered function and reduced survival that promote atherosclerotic lesion formation. We hypothesized that the alignment of the ECs may directly influence their biology, independent of fluid flow. We fabricated parallel-aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds with that mimic the native structure of collagen extracellular matrix within blood vessels, and examined the effects of aligned collagen nanopatterning on EC alignment, function, and in vivo survival. The 30-nm diameter aligned nanofibrils reoriented F-actin assembly along the nanofibril direction. ECs cultured on aligned nanofibrils were also 50% less adhesive for monocytes than the ECs grown on randomly oriented fibrils. To test the efficacy of the aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in improving neovascularization in vivo, we induced unilateral hindlimb ischemia in SCID mice by excising the superficial femoral artery. The mice received one of the following treatments at the site of the excised femoral artery: 1) aligned nanofibrillar scaffold seeded with human ECs; 2) non-patterned scaffold seeded with ECs; 3) EC delivery in saline; or 4) no treatment (n&gt;4). After 14 days, laser Doppler blood spectroscopy demonstrated significant improvement in blood perfusion in the group treated with cell-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in comparison to the groups with no treatment or EC delivery in saline. Furthermore, based on non-invasive bioluminescence imaging, the transplanted ECs persisted for longer periods of time when cultured on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in comparison to non-patterned scaffolds. Together, these studies demonstrate that 30-nm aligned nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds guide cellular organization, modulate endothelial inflammatory response, and enhance cell survival and angiogenesis after implantation in the ischemic hind limb. These results have important implications for therapeutic cell delivery approaches.
Prostate-specific antigen decline: a major prognostic factor for prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy.
Authors: B Chauvet, C Félix-Faure, N Lupsascka, J Fijuth, Y Brewer, J L Davin, S Kirscher, F Reboul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

To assess the prognostic significance of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the monitoring of patients with localized prostate cancer treated with primary radiation therapy, we analyzed the data from 179 patients treated at our institution between 1987 and 1990.One hundred seventy-nine previously untreated patients received radiation at 69 Gy to the prostate with curative intent for prostate adenocarcinoma. The median follow-up duration is now 41 months. PSA levels were measured before radiotherapy and then evaluated periodically.Baseline levels were greater than 4 ng/mL in 83% of cases and were significantly correlated with clinical tumor stage (P = .002). Six months after completion of therapy, PSA values had returned to normal in 53% of the patients with initially elevated values. At the time of analysis, 32 patients have relapsed, including three of 30 patients (10%) with normal initial and 6-month values, five of 79 patients (6%) with initially elevated but normal 6-month values, and 24 of 69 patients (35%) with persistently elevated PSA levels at 6 months. Actuarial 4-year relapse-free survival was significantly correlated with initial and 6-month PSA values (84% in patients with normal 6-month values v 60% in patients with persistently elevated levels). Furthermore, when the relative decline between initial and 6-month PSA values exceeded 50%, the crude rate of recurrence was 14% as opposed to 34% when it failed to exceed 50%. The 4-year relapse-free survival rates were 77% and 59%, respectively (P = .008). By multivariate analysis restricted to the patients with elevated baseline PSA levels, the rate of decline of PSA values reached the highest prognostic significance (P < .0001). Age at diagnosis, clinical tumor stage, and Gleason score only reached statistical significance in univariate analysis.PSA values are of major prognostic significance in assessing the 4-year results of radical radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. The rate of decline of PSA values is the strongest predictor of outcome and might help to identify a subset of patients with poorer prognosis who may benefit from early hormonal therapy.
Interferon-alpha does not improve the antineoplastic efficacy of high-dose infusional 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: C.H. Köhne, H. Wilke, H. Hecker, P. Schöffski, C. Käufer, H. Rauschecker, R. Andreesen, U. Ohl, H.J. Lange, U. Klaassen, M. Westerhausen, W. Hiddemann, B. Hennemann, G. Schott, J. Bade, G. Strohmeyer, A. Harstrick, U. Schubert, C. Bokemeyer, H.J. Schmoll
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
First-Line High-Dose Chemotherapy Compared With Standard-Dose PEB/VIP Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Germ Cell Tumors: A Multivariate and Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: C. Bokemeyer, C. Kollmannsberger, C. Meisner, A. Harstrick, J. Beyer, B. Metzner, J. T. Hartmann, H.-J. Schmoll, L. Einhorn, L. Kanz, C. Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To compare first-line high-dose chemotherapy (HD-CT) with autologous blood stem-cell transplantation to standard-dose chemotherapy (SD-CT) in male patients with advanced germ cell tumors (GCTs), a matched-pair analysis was performed within a homogenous group of patients classified as having either Indiana advanced disease or a poor prognosis according to International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multivariate analysis was performed that included 147 consecutive patients who had received sequential high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide (VIP) therapy (HD-CT) in a German multicenter trial between 1993 and 1997 and 309 patients who had been treated with standard-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB) or VIP chemotherapy (SD-CT) within two randomized trials at Indiana University between 1984 and 1992. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis demonstrated HD-CT to be significantly superior to SD-CT when adjustments were made for prognostic factors (P = .021). Primary tumor site (mediastinal v retroperitoneal/gonadal, P = .035) and presence of visceral metastases (P = .0004) were shown to be significant prognostic factors for overall survival. On the basis of these factors, as well as on tumor marker levels (good, intermediate, or poor, according to IGCCCG criteria), 146 of 147 HD-CT patients were fully matched to an SD-CT patient. Median follow-up was 21 months (range, 0 to 70 months) for the HD-CT patients and 22 months (range, 0 to 90 months) for the SD-CT patients. Two-year progression-free survival (75% v 59%) and overall survival (82% v 71%) were significantly prolonged in HD-CT patients (P = .0056 and P = .0184, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that first-line HD-CT in patients with poor-prognosis GCT may result in a significant improvement of progression-free and overall survival as compared with SD-CT. Salvage HD-CT seems not to compensate this survival advantage.
Trace Metal Abnormalities in Long-Stay Hyperactive Mentally Handicapped Children and Agitated Senile Dements
Authors: P J Barlow, P E Francois, I J L Goldberg, I Richardson, M G A Izmeth, K Kumpeson, P Sykes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

Gross metal poisoning as a causative factor in mental handicap is now relatively rare although historically it was important. Currently attention is being focused on the importance of chronic metal poisoning, there being much debate on, for instance, the possible effects of low levels of lead on intelligence in childhood. This paper examines the levels of a number of metals, both toxic and essential, in two groups of agitated patients in a long-stay psychiatric hospital in the UK. The two groups examined comprise ‘hyperactive’ mentally handicapped children and senile dementia patients, all of whom showed moderate to severe agitation. Blood and hair tissue were used to assess the body status of a number of metals and the results were compared with controls matched as closely as possible and from a similar hospital environment. The most significant findings are the raised levels of aluminium in the agitated senile dementia patients and the low levels of zinc and raised levels of lead in the hyperactive children.
Airway and inflammatory profile of ORL rats: An asthma phenotype?
Authors: Elena Rodriguez, Julia S. Barthold, Milena Armani, Katie Michelini, Yan Zhu, Jordan Wang, Marla R. Wolfson, Thomas Shaffer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  The ORL rat is a Long Evans substrain with inherited cryptorchidism. We have observed respiratory distress and wheezing in a subset of this strain but no respiratory phenotype is available.   Objective:  We hypothesized that ORL rats would exhibit airway responsiveness (AR) associated with inflammation. To address this question, we investigated whether respiratory mechanics and biomarkers of inflammation in these rats would be different at baseline (BL) or during methacholine (MCh) challenge induced constriction.   Material and methods:  Long Evans WT (n=9) and ORL (n=14) rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, placed in a plethysmograph (Buxco, Rodent RC Site), mechanically ventilated and challenged with 0.3 to 12.5 mg/ml of aerosolized MCh. We calculated resistance (R) and compliance (C), and lung tissue homogenates were assayed for IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α using ELISA; quantitative histomorphometry is ongoing. We performed 2-way ANOVA of physiological outcomes and inflammatory markers.   Results:  Respiratory challenges with MCh increased R and decreased C as a function of dose and group (WT vs. ORL), ORL rats had increased (p=   Conclusions:  ORL rats compared with WT rats were significantly more responsive to MCh challenges, indicated large and small airway reactivity and exhibited decreased expression of IL-6 and IL-4 in lung tissue. The observed respiratory reactivity in this strain of ORL rats may provide a genetic animal model for the study of asthma and associated genetic/hormonal/environmental factors.
Inhibitory Effects of Butylated Hydroxyanisole on Methylazoxymethanol Acetate-Induced Neoplasia of the Large Intestine and on Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L W Wattenberg, V L Sparnins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a widely used food additive, previously was found to inhibit various chemical carcinogens. In the present work, BHA, when added to the diet, inhibited the carcinogenic action of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate on the large intestine of female CF1 mice. The effects of BHA on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, a postulated activating enzyme for MAM, were determined. BHA reduced this enzyme activity in vitro in crude tissue preparations of large intestine and liver. The parallel finding of BHA inhibition of MAM acetate carcinogenesis of the large bowel and of NAD'-dependent dehydrogenase activity lends support to the postulated role of the dehydrogenase activity in activating MAM to an ultimate carcinogenic form. However, BHA has multiple biologic actions so that its inhibitory effect on MAM acetate-induced neoplasia of the large intestine may entail some other mechanism.
A metal aerosol holding chamber devised for young children with asthma
Authors: H Bisgaard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The low tidal volume and flow in preschool children may reduce the efficiency of aerosol delivery from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) through a traditional holding chamber. A prototype small-volume steel holding chamber with two one-way valves was devised to prolong aerosol availability in the chamber and to ensure unidirectional airflow. Dead space between the valves was minimized to less than 2 ml. The dose-delivery and rate of passive disappearance of a budesonide pMDI aerosol were compared between this prototype and the large-volume, single-valved plastic Nebuhaler, in 164 asthmatic children less than 8 yrs of age. In vitro, the half life of aerosol disappearance in the steel prototype and the plastic Nebuhaler was > 30 s and 9 s, respectively. In vivo, the prototype delivered an age-independent mean dose of 38% of the nominal dose, and the Nebuhaler delivered an age-dependent mean dose, ranging from 42% of the nominal dose in children > or = 4 yrs to 19% of the nominal dose in infants. We conclude that the use of plastic for holding chambers may influence dose-delivery, and single-valve control may cause age-dependent dose-delivery. Reproducible age-independent drug-delivery may be achieved by pMDI aerosol inhaled through a small-volume metal holding chamber with separate inlet and outlet valves and minimized dead space. This holding chamber would improve the possibilities of aerosol therapy for young children.