tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small Intestinal Mucosa in Certain Viral Diseases
Authors: Thomas W. Sheehy, Malcolm S. Artenstein, Robert W. Green
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This study monitored the effects of seven viral infections on the small bowel. A jejunal mucosa specimen was obtained by peroral biopsy from each patient during the acute phase of illness. Striking gross and histological changes were observed in the jejunal mucosa of six patients with acute viral hepatitis which led to steatorrhea. In contrast, except for the presence of atypical lymphocytes, the jejunal mucosa was normal in six patients with infectious mononucleosis with clinical jaundice. Steatorrhea was not observed in these individuals. Similar jejunal biopsy studies in patients ill with rubella, varicella, and mumps revealed little change in the intestinal mucosa. Giant multinucleated cells were found in the lamina propria of one patient, who developed measles three days after jejunal biopsy. Three of eight patients with adenovirus infections (type 4) showed mild mucosal alterations during the acute phase of their illness.
Multidisciplinary Prospective Study of Mother-to-Child Chikungunya Virus Infections on the Island of La Réunion
Authors: Patrick Gérardin, Georges Barau, Alain Michault, Marc Bintner, Hanitra Randrianaivo, Ghassan Choker, Yann Lenglet, Yasmina Touret, Anne Bouveret, Philippe Grivard, Karin Le Roux, Séverine Blanc, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Thérèse Couderc, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Marc Lecuit, Pierre-Yves Robillard
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

An outbreak of chikungunya virus affected over one-third of the population of La Réunion Island between March 2005 and December 2006. In June 2005, we identified the first case of mother-to-child chikungunya virus transmission at the Groupe Hospitalier Sud-Réunion level-3 maternity department. The goal of this prospective study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, biological, and radiological features and outcomes of all the cases of vertically transmitted chikungunya infections recorded at our institution during this outbreak.Over 22 mo, 7,504 women delivered 7,629 viable neonates; 678 (9.0%) of these parturient women were infected (positive RT-PCR or IgM serology) during antepartum, and 61 (0.8%) in pre- or intrapartum. With the exception of three early fetal deaths, vertical transmission was exclusively observed in near-term deliveries (median duration of gestation: 38 wk, range 35-40 wk) in the context of intrapartum viremia (19 cases of vertical transmission out of 39 women with intrapartum viremia, prevalence rate 0.25%, vertical transmission rate 48.7%). Cesarean section had no protective effect on transmission. All infected neonates were asymptomatic at birth, and median onset of neonatal disease was 4 d (range 3-7 d). Pain, prostration, and fever were present in 100% of cases and thrombocytopenia in 89%. Severe illness was observed in ten cases (52.6%) and mainly consisted of encephalopathy (n = 9; 90%). These nine children had pathologic MRI findings (brain swelling, n = 9; cerebral hemorrhages, n = 2), and four evolved towards persistent disabilities.Mother-to-child chikungunya virus transmission is frequent in the context of intrapartum maternal viremia, and often leads to severe neonatal infection. Chikungunya represents a substantial risk for neonates born to viremic parturients that should be taken into account by clinicians and public health authorities in the event of a chikungunya outbreak.
Australia to try US-style physician assistants
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government of Queensland plans to recruit 10 physician assistants from the United States as part of a trial to assess their effect on the delivery of healthcare services.

The move follows a lobbying campaign by some senior medical and academic leaders who think that physician assistants may help to alleviate shortages in the workforce, particularly in rural, remote, and other areas with few doctors.

US physician assistants already teach medical students at James Cook University in Townsville, and a hospital in Adelaide is planning to recruit them.

The year long trial, which is expected …
TEACHING VS. LEARNING
Authors: CHRISTINE McGUIRE MASSERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Practically all individual assessment currently in use at all levels of medical education is designed to measure only (i) the length and nature of the educational experience to which the trainee has been exposed; and (ii) his ability to diagnose and respond to the environmental press in a fashion pleasing to those in authority. Ability to integrate data, to analyze problems, to develop and test hypotheses, to take a medical history, to observe clinical phenomena and to synthesize these into a logical differential diagnosis and plan of management are only rarely, if ever, adequately assayed. Likewise, program assessment has generally been limited to a description of the training program, the nature of available facilities and the professional accomplishments of the staff, but systematic data about the performance of its graduates are rarely available. Preliminary data from the employment of newer approaches to both individual and program assessment in related medical specialities suggest that a wider range of individual competence can be validly appraised and the relative effectiveness of different types of training programs can be objectively and reliably documented.
A National Bill of Patients' Rights
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In one of the most enthusiastically received proposals in his January State of the Union address, President Bill Clinton called on Congress to enact a national bill of rights in health care. The President said, “You have the right to know all your medical options, not just the cheapest. You have the right to choose the doctor you want for the care you need. You have the right to emergency room care, wherever and whenever you need it. You have the right to keep your medical records confidential.”1 The President's proposal is a follow-up to his November 1997 announcement that . . .
Coronary Collaterals Remain Recruitable After Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Divaka Perera, Gajen S. Kanaganayagam, Mrinal Saha, Rizwan Rashid, Michael S. Marber, Simon R. Redwood
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Rapid loss of collateral support has been reported after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), leaving the myocardium susceptible to subsequent infarction. However, well-developed collaterals have been found in normal hearts, suggesting that collaterals exist even in the absence of an ischemic stimulus. We assessed the plasticity and determinants of collateral supply after PCI. Methods and Results— Collateral flow index (CFI) was calculated in 60 patients as (P w −P v )/(P a −P v ) by measurement of aortic (P a ), central venous (P v ), and coronary wedge (P w ) pressures. CFI was reassessed during transient balloon occlusion 5 minutes and 24 hours after PCI in the first 29 patients and at 6 months in the subsequent 25 patients. We also evaluated the relationship between collateral supply, lesion characteristics, and circulating hemopoietic cells numbers before and after successful PCI. CFI at baseline was 0.23±0.10, with no change 5 minutes and 1 day later (0.21±0.12, P =0.62; and 0.22±0.11, P =0.96, respectively). At 6 months, CFI was 0.14±0.07 or 63±27% of the baseline value ( P &lt;0.001). CFI was proportional to severity of the coronary lesion at baseline ( r =0.63, P &lt;0.0001) but not 6 months after PCI ( r =−0.04, P =0.87). The number of circulating CD133 + and CD34 + cells was associated with CFI 6 months after PCI (CD133, r =0.59, P =0.035; CD34, r =0.63, P =0.037). Conclusions— Coronary collateral flow remains undiminished for at least 24 hours after successful PCI. Functional collateral support subsequently declines but does not regress completely.
Protecting Adolescents From Harm
Authors: Mohammadreza Hojat
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sound sleep advice
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The author Arnold Bennett was a much loved man, even though Virginia Woolf disparaged what she thought was his work’s reactionary realism. When he lay dying from typhoid in Baker Street in 1931 (it is startling to recall that, within living memory, people could still die from typhoid in Baker Street) straw was strewn on the road to lessen the noise of traffic and thereby ensure his tranquillity during his last days.

Coming from a modest background in Staffordshire, he appreciated the good things of life that were not to be taken for granted in his birthplace. His appreciation was not vulgar or ostentatious but deeply and sincerely felt: Bennett was a thoroughly civilised, …
1133-159 Comparison of individually adapted breath-hold and free-breathing coronary magnetic resonance angioplasty using steady state free precession
Authors: Cosima Jahnke, Ingo Paetsch, Rolf Gebker, Bernhard Schnackenburg, Axel Bornstedt, Eckart Fleck, Eike Nagel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
1029-179 Left ventricular mass index and the common, functional, X-linked angiotensin II type 2-receptor gene polymorphism (1332 G/A) in patients with systemic hypertension
Authors: Khaled Alfakih, Azhar Maqbool, Mohan Sivananthan, Kevin Walters, Gavin Bainbridge, John Ridgway, Anthony Balmforth, Alistair Hall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
B lymphocyte mediated antigen presentation of plasmid DNA
Authors: Viswa Teja Colluru, Douglas G McNeel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts DNA vaccination is a safe and economical therapeutic modality that has demonstrated robust elicitation of (cellular and humoral) immunity and remarkable pre-clinical efficacy in over 30 disease models, including those of breast, prostate and colon malignancies, multiple myeloma,
blockers for heart failure: which works best?
Authors: R. J. Mentz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

There seems to be a class effect; “some β blocker is better than no β blocker”

In recent decades, important gains have been made in the treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.1 β blockers are a cornerstone of the medical management of heart failure. The long term use of certain β blockers in patients with heart failure reduces hospital admissions and improves symptoms, quality of life, and survival. However, it is still unclear whether this is a class effect or whether one β blocker is superior to another. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.f55), Chatterjee and colleagues conducted a network meta-analysis of trials to clarify the mortality benefits and tolerability of different β blockers in the treatment of patients with heart failure.2

Three landmark placebo-controlled trials of nearly 9000 patients with heart failure demonstrated the efficacy of carvedilol, long acting metoprolol succinate, and bisoprolol in reducing mortality and hospital admission in patients with heart failure.1 However, large trials of nebivolol and bucindolol found no reductions in all cause mortality compared with placebo, despite benefits in cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.3 4 Taken together, these data …
The Inflammatory Role of Platelets in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Brian P. O'Sullivan, Alan D. Michelson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Platelets are an important, albeit generally underappreciated, component of the inflammatory cascade. Platelets are known to contribute to inflammation in atherosclerosis, stroke, and asthma. They produce a large number of proinflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines, and play a vital role in recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. We review the role of platelets in inflammation, how they assist in the recruitment of leukocytes into lung tissue in asthma, and evidence of their dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF). Platelet dysfunction in CF could contribute to pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction. We hypothesize that platelet activation is important in CF lung disease and suggest research avenues that might help elucidate the role of activated platelets in CF.
Coexistent Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Struma Lymphomatosa
Authors: Alberto Ayala, Janelle Sloane, Fred J. Wolma
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Struma lymphomatosa (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), carcinoma, and lymphoma of a single thyroid gland developed in an elderly woman, who presented with a history of rapidly enlarging goiter associated with mild dysphagia. Except for the presence of goiter, the results of the physical and laboratory examinations were negative. A total thyroidectomy was performed, followed by irradiation therapy to the neck.
Phase I Study of Paclitaxel Given by Seven-Week Continuous Infusion Concurrent with Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non???Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: David I. Rosenthal, Clifton David Fuller, Mitchell Machtay, Kenneth M. Algazy, Dan M. Meyer, Larry R. Kaiser, Denise A. Yardley, Megan E. Loiacano, David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Organ Transplantation and Regulation in China
Authors: T. Trey, A. Halpern, M. A. F. Singh
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatal Hepatorenal Syndrome Associated with Phenurone Therapy
Authors: Richard W. Levy, Donald J. Simons, Stanley Aronson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

PHENURONE (phenylacetylurea) is a new anticonvulsant drug reported to be of value in psychomotor epilepsy. The control of psychomotor seizures has always been a difficult problem, but with the advent of Phenurone the future of patients with this form of epilepsy appeared brighter.The report of toxic side effects and particularly of unexplained deaths in association with the administration of new drugs is always of importance. We recently observed an unexplained death in a patient with mixed epilepsy (grand mal and psychomotor) who had received Phenurone. It is the purpose of this paper to report the details of the case . . .
Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Marianne Ziol, Adriana Handra-Luca, Adrien Kettaneh, Christos Christidis, Frédéric Mal, Farhad Kazemi, Victor de Lédinghen, Patrick Marcellin, Daniel Dhumeaux, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Michel Beaugrand
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Liver fibrosis is the main predictor of the progression of chronic hepatitis C, and its assessment by liver biopsy (LB) can help determine therapy. However, biopsy is an invasive procedure with several limitations. A new, noninvasive medical device based on transient elastography has been designed to measure liver stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We prospectively enrolled 327 patients with chronic hepatitis C in a multicenter study. Patients underwent LB and LSM. METAVIR liver fibrosis stages were assessed on biopsy specimens by 2 pathologists. LSM was performed by transient elastography. Efficiency of LSM and optimal cutoff values for fibrosis stage assessment were determined by a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and cross-validated by the jack-knife method. LSM was well correlated with fibrosis stage (Kendall correlation coefficient: 0.55; P &lt; .0001). The areas under ROC curves were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.84) for F ≥ 2, 0.91 (0.87-0.96) for F ≥ 3, and 0.97 (0.93-1) for F = 4; for larger biopsies, these values were, respectively, 0.81, 0.95, and 0.99. Optimal stiffness cutoff values of 8.7 and 14.5 kPa showed F ≥ 2 and F = 4, respectively . In conclusion, noninvasive assessment of liver stiffness with transient elastography appears as a reliable tool to detect significant fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (Hepatology 2005;41:48–54.)
Further decline of breast-feeding.
Authors: E Eastham, D Smith, D Poole, G Neligan
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a personal survey, by structured interview, we have investigated some of the factors which led 100 healthy mothers (63 primiparae) to decide to breast-feed their healthy babies, and 100 comparable mothers (43 primiparae) to decide to bottle-feed. Past experience (either personal or that of their family and friends) was of considerable but not overriding importance, and the decisions were apparently made surprisingly early in most cases. But much more effective educational approaches are needed, perhaps starting in the schools, and concentrated in the antenatal clinic, to allow mothers to reach the right decision for themselves and their babies. The reasons for early cessation of breast-feeding were also investigated, and suggested that those mothers opting for breast-feeding need better technical information and support.
No evidence for political manipulation regarding the new group B meningococcus vaccine
Authors: E. R. Moxon, S. Black
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Syphilis and HIV epidemics overlap, yet little is known about combined network and behavioural factors that drive syphilis-HIV coinfection. Our study objective was to assess network contexts and sexual behaviours associated with syphilis-HIV co-infection and monoinfection among a particularly vulnerable subgroup: young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). To achieve this objective, we examined factors associated with coinfection by each subgroup as classified by syphilis-HIV infection status: (A) HIV monoinfected, (B) syphilis monoinfected and (C) neither syphilis infected nor HIV infected. In addition, we further identified the factors that are associated with HIV infection or syphilis monoinfection. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected from a sample of 365 YBMSM, aged 16–29 years, recruited through respondent-driven sampling between 2014 and 2016, in two cities with large HIV epidemics: Houston, TX, and Chicago, IL. We conducted a series of multinomial logistic regression models to predict coinfection, HIV monoinfection and syphilis monoinfection as a function of network and sexual behavioural factors. <h3>Results</h3> Coinfection was associated with having network members who are coinfected or HIV infected within one’s <i>social</i> network. Syphilis monoinfection was associated with a higher number of social venues attended, and HIV monoinfection was associated with having more condomless top partners. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Public health interventions that address the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis infection and ensure that those with syphilis are being tested for HIV may be promising in limiting the synergy of syphilis-HIV infections in onward transmission. Advancing HIV and syphilis prevention efforts in high-prevalence networks may allow prioritisation of limited resources.
Clinical profile, contemporary management and one‐year mortality in patients with severe acute heart failure syndromes: The EFICA study☆
Authors: Faiez Zannad, Alexandre Mebazaa, Yves Juillière, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Louis Guize, François Alla, Pierre Rougé, Patrick Blin, Marie‐Hélène Barlet, Laurence Paolozzi, Catherine Vincent, Michel Desnos, Kamran Samii
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, Blase Carabello, Antonio C. de Leon, L. Henry Edmunds, Bradley J. Fedderly, Michael D. Freed, William H. Gaasch, Charles R. McKay, Rick A. Nishimura, Patrick T. O’Gara, Robert A. O’Rourke, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, James L. Ritchie, Melvin D. Cheitlin, Kim A. Eagle, Timothy J. Gardner, Arthur Garson, Raymond J. Gibbons, Richard O. Russell, Thomas J. Ryan, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Circulation (1998)

HomeCirculationVol. 98, No. 18Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
Cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor induced bowel stricture: a case report
Authors: O Mir
Journal: Gut (2003)

Cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor induced bowel stricture: a case report Several reports have mentioned the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in inducing diaphragm disease and strictures in the small and large bowel. [1]2][3] To our knowledge, there is no such report in patients treated with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors.We report the case of a 55 year old man with a past history of axial spondylarthropathy, successfully treated with NSAID from 1975 to 2001; from February 2001, he was treated with celecoxib 400 mg per day for three weeks and then 200 mg/day for two years.He had previous abdominal surgery (appendicectomy) in 1965.He presented with a 24 hour history of central abdominal pain with persistent vomiting.Clinical and radiological examination confirmed small bowel obstruction.At laparoscopy, a distal ileal obstruction was identified.Coelioscopic laparotomy was then performed, showing evidence of bowel wall stricture; 10 cm of the distal ileum was spared.Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the resected specimen was consistent with a diagnosis of stricture on submucosal ulceration of the small bowel.This condition is known to be associated with long term use of NSAID.The COX-2 specific inhibitors have been developed in order to improve the gastrointestinal safety of therapy with NSAID.In various clinical trials, COX-2 selective inhibitors have been shown to have similar efficacy to NSAID, with a concomitant association with fewer endoscopic ulcers and serious lower gastrointestinal events. 3 This case suggests that COX-2 selective inhibitors can induce bowel wall ulcerations, followed by submucosa fibrosis, which may cause strictures or diaphragm-like disease.