tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of shared antigenic determinants of the putative human T lymphocyte antigen receptor.
Authors: M B Brenner, I S Trowbridge, J McLean, J L Strominger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

A mouse antiserum, anti-gp40,49 was obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with the putative T cell antigen receptor isolated from HPB-MLT cells. This antiserum reacted with peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and a panel of immunocompetent T cell lines and clones in each case precipitating from lysates of cells labeled by surface iodination, a disulfide-linked dimer consisting of an alpha subunit Mr (46,000-49,000) and a beta subunit Mr (40,000-45,000). Variability in Mr of the two subunits, particularly of the beta (light) subunit, was observed when the receptors of immunocompetent T cell lines with different antigen specificities were compared. Anti-gp40,49 serum reacted selectively with the alpha subunit after reduction and alkylation of the protein complex. These results confirm the relationship between the gp40,49 protein complex of HPB-MLT cells and the putative T cell antigen receptor on normal immunocompetent T cells and indicate that the alpha subunit of the human receptor expressed shared determinant(s) that are immunogenic in the mouse. Some features of the T cell antigen receptor appear to be unusual in that even with a xenoantiserum against the purified molecule, only antibodies against clonotypic determinants could be detected at the cell surface by quantitative immunofluorescence analysis.
Bronchial Asthma Induced by Indomethacin
Authors: NEAL A. VANSELOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

ExcerptIndomethacin is a nonsteroid chemical compound with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties. It has been widely employed in the treatment of certain musculoskeletal disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and gout (1). Indomethacin is not chemically related to the salicylates and has been used by some to supplement or replace aspirin in cases where the latter is ineffective or poorly tolerated. The major adverse reactions associated with indomethacin therapy involve the central nervous system (headache, lightheadedness, vertigo, mental confusion) and the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, indigestion, epigastric burning, diarrhea, peptic ulceration, occult gastrointestinal bleeding) (1-3). Angioneurotic edema, tinnitus, blurred vision,...
Up-regulation of ectopic trypsins in the myocardium by influenza A virus infection triggers acute myocarditis
Authors: Hai-Yan Pan, Hirotsugu Yamada, Junji Chida, Siye Wang, Mihiro Yano, Min Yao, Jianhua Zhu, Hiroshi Kido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection markedly up-regulates ectopic trypsins in various organs, viral envelope glycoprotein processing proteases, which are pre-requisites for virus entry and multiplication.We investigated the pathological roles of trypsin up-regulation in the progression of IAV-induced myocarditis, cytokine induction, and viral replication in the hearts, and also investigated the protective effects of trypsin inhibitor on cardiac dysfunction in vivo and selective knockdown of trypsin on IAV-induced cellular damage in cardiomyoblasts. Methods and resultsThe relationship of the expression among IAV RNA, trypsins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tumour necrosis factor-a was analysed in mice hearts and cardiomyoblasts after IAV infection.The severity of myocarditis was most noticeable during Day 6-9 post-infection, along with peak expression of viral RNA, trypsins, particularly trypsin 2 , MMPs, and cytokines.Cardiac ATP levels were the lowest at Day 9. Up-regulated trypsins, viral protein, and tissue-injured loci in the myocardium were closely localized.Trypsin inhibitor aprotinin treatment in vivo and selective trypsin 1 -and trypsin 2 -knockdown, particularly the latter, in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts significantly suppressed viral replication, up-regulation of MMPs, and production of active MMP-9 and cytokines, resulting in marked protection against cellular damage, ATP depletion, and apoptosis.IAV infection-induced cardiac dysfunction monitored by echocardiography was improved significantly by aprotinin treatment. ConclusionsIAV-induced trypsins, particularly trypsin 2 , in the myocardium trigger acute viral myocarditis through stimulation of IAV replication, proMMP-9 activation, and cytokine induction.These results suggest that up-regulation of trypsins is one of the key host pathological findings in IAV-induced myocarditis.
Ventilatory response to exercise in men and women 55 to 86 years of age.
Authors: M J Poulin, D A Cunningham, D H Paterson, P A Rechnitzer, N A Ecclestone, J J Koval
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This study examines the relationship between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during exercise in men (n = 128) and women (n = 96), 55 to 86 yr of age. The means for the slopes of VE-VCO2 (delta VE/delta VCO2), examined for graded exercise below the ventilation threshold (TVE), increased significantly for men (p < 0.0001), from 25.0 +/- 0.7 (SEM) at mean age 58 (55 to 59) yr to 32.2 +/- 1.8 at mean age 83 (80 to 86) yr, but did not change for women (p = 0.0812), from 22.3 +/- 0.9 at mean age 58 (56-59) yr to 24.2 +/- 2.4 at mean age 79 (75 to 85) yr. A correlation that was significantly greater than zero was found between delta VE/delta VCO2 and age. The increase in delta VE/delta VCO2 was 0.29/yr for men (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and 0.20/yr for women (r = 0.28, p = 0.0051). In both cases, the explained variance was small (men = 22%; women = 8%). VE, tidal volume (VT), and breathing frequency (fb) were examined at VCO2 = 1.0 L/min, the highest intensity that most older men and women could exercise without exceeding TVE. VE was significantly higher by 14% in men 80 to 86 yr of age (38.2 +/- 1.4 L/min) compared with men 55 to 59 yr of age (33.5 +/- 0.8), whereas there were no differences in VE for the women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR DISTURBANCE FOLLOWING CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: LOUIS LINN, ROBERT L KAHN, ROBERT COLES, JANICE COHEN, DOROTHY MARSHALL, EDWIN A. WEINSTEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. Twenty-one consecutive ward patients admitted to the ophthalmologic service for senile cataract extraction were studied by a team of observers. Each patient was given an EEG and an amytal test for organic brain disease. Prior to operation each patient was masked for a period of at least 12 hours. 2. One patient was manifestly psychotic on admission. The others showed varying degrees of anxiety that could be related largely to insecurities attendant on old age and loss of vision. The preoperative masking produced changed behavior in 10 patients, ranging from insomnia and verbal expressions of anxiety to acute panic reactions. Removal of the mask relieved the anxiety. 3. Following the operation 20 patients showed some alteration in behavior including changes in mood, psychomotor disturbances, paranoid and somatic delusions, hallucinations, disorientation and confabulations. In 3 cases the disturbance was characterized as severe. Unmasking resulted in prompt improvement in 6 cases, gradual improvement in 48 hours in 3. Only 4 patients continued to show disturbances after the mask was removed; in each some physical complication was present. In 2 patients abnormal behavior appeared for the first time after unmasking. 4. Some degree of organic brain disease, as shown by the EEG and amytal test, was present in 18 patients. There appeared to be a relationship between the presence and degree of brain damage and the development of disturbed behavior. The findings suggested that senile cataract may be one manifestation of a more extensive degenerative process. Older patients are more apt to show disturbances. The premorbid personality pattern seemed to be unrelated to the incidence of altered behavior, but to some extent determined the particular type of pattern exhibited. 5. It is concluded that disturbed behavior is an integral part of the reaction of almost all cataract patients because of a complex interaction of a number of factors. The implication of these findings for prophylaxis and management is discussed.
PSYCHIATRIC ASPECT OF EDUCATION—GRADE PERIOD
Authors: Frederick H. Allen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

In summary I want to reemphasize that the grade period, both in school and in home and community, is not only a period of further self discovery for the child, but also a period of self-realization and a chance for the utilization of his own strengths as he begins to determine the nature of his interests and the quality of his responses. School is an instrument devised by our culture to give direction to part of the growth and to provide tools to aid the process of self-realization. If too much rigidity and direction is provided, both in the content and in the quality of direction, the child may be blocked in the positive unfolding of his own interests and develop those negative attitudes which too commonly interfere with the achievement of the educational goal—self-direction in utilizing and developing own capacities. And if too little direction is provided, the child who has not achieved any very clear realization of what he is may be left too much to his own direction which can lead to confusion and inaction. The psychiatrist with his interest in the growth steps of the child and his awareness of how this growth is influenced can make an important contribution to the advancement of educational procedure as it proceeds to perfect its program to provide a healthy medium to direct the learning of the child. I would like to see this contribution come through attention to some of these broader issues rather than in the interfering and more authoritative ways which Mr. Thayer correctly criticizes in his abstract. Collaboration on a different basis, with mutual recognition of the contributions and limitations of the other, can lead to more application of sound principles of growth to this period of the child's educational life.
CEACAM1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated cell proliferation
Authors: George A. Abou-Rjaily, Sang Jun Lee, Denisa May, Qusai Y. Al-Share, Anthony M. DeAngelis, Randall J. Ruch, Michael Neumaier, Holger Kalthoff, Sue-Hwa Lin, Sonia M. Najjar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Phosphorylation of the cell adhesion protein CEACAM1 increases insulin sensitivity and decreases insulin-dependent mitogenesis in vivo. Here we show that CEACAM1 is a substrate of the EGFR and that upon being phosphorylated, CEACAM1 reduces EGFR-mediated growth of transfected Cos-7 and MCF-7 cells in response to EGF. Using transgenic mice overexpressing a phosphorylation-defective CEACAM1 mutant in liver (L-SACC1), we show that the effect of CEACAM1 on EGF-dependent cell proliferation is mediated by its ability to bind to and sequester Shc, thus uncoupling EGFR signaling from the ras/MAPK pathway. In L-SACC1 mice, we also show that impaired CEACAM1 phosphorylation leads to ligand-independent increase of EGFR-mediated cell proliferation. This appears to be secondary to visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with increased levels of output of free fatty acids and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor from the adipose tissue of the mice. Thus, L-SACC1 mice provide a model for the mechanistic link between increased cell proliferation in states of impaired metabolism and visceral obesity.
Reply: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Readmissions and Medicare Reimbursement
Authors: Laura C. Feemster, David H. Au
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

month of ivacaftor, so the investigators concluded that this therapy could possibly delay or prevent the development of CFRD in at-risk patients (4).On the basis of our experience with the patient described here, ivacaftor can potentially lead to the resolution of CFRD.Clinicians should be aware of this important potential benefit not only as a means to potentially delay or prevent the development of CFRD but also to correct well-established CFRD.
Lack of difference between malignant and accelerated hypertension.
Authors: M E Ahmed, J M Walker, D G Beevers, M Beevers
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The clinical features and survival rates of 200 consecutive patients with malignant and accelerated hypertension admitted to a district hospital were investigated. Ninety five patients had bilateral haemorrhages and exudates and papilloedema (grade IV retinopathy) and 31 had bilateral haemorrhages and exudates with no papilloedema (grade III). A further 74 patients had bilateral retinopathy but failed to meet the criteria for grade IV or III and were investigated separately. No overall differences were found in survival when comparing the various grades of retinopathy. Cigarette smoking was significantly commoner only in grade IV patients compared with those with non-malignant hypertension matched for age, sex, and race. In patients with grade III retinopathy excess smoking was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the clinical features and survival rate showed that malignant and accelerated hypertension are one and the same disease.
The Nightmare: The Psychology and Biology of Terrifying Dreams
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>The Nightmare</i>, by Ernest Hartmann, despite its subject's gruesome and unpleasant connotations, is a delight to read. It is written by an expert in the fields of the physiology and psychology of sleep. Dr Hartmann deals with some quite technical matters, yet the lucid presentation makes it informative and pleasurable for the professional and layperson alike. The basic data for the book were obtained from groups of people recruited from newspaper advertisements who had a history of lifelong, continuing, and frequent nightmares. The controls were from past studies of similarly recruited people. These groups were given psychiatric interviews as well as psychological tests, including the Rorschach Ink Blot, Thematic Apperception, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality, Cornell Index, and the Fear Survey. A few of the subjects were also studied in the sleep laboratory. The results were carefully analyzed and statistically validated before conclusions were drawn. The index cases had distinct psychological patterns
Series of studies highlights health benefits of action on climate change
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

England’s health secretary, Andy Burnham, has called on his counterparts across the world to highlight the risk that global warming poses to health and to develop “well designed climate change policies that drive health benefits.”

Mr Burnham was responding to a series of six articles published in the Lancet investigating how policies to mitigate against climate change will affect the health and lives of people around the world.

He said, “Climate change can seem a distant, impersonal threat; in fact, the associated costs to health are a very real and present danger.

“This is a landmark year for climate change, with the world coming together at the Copenhagen conference in December. The call to action does not …
Asthma Deaths
Authors: Michael A. Kaliner
Journal: JAMA (1993)

First the numbers: about 4% to 5% of the population has asthma, meaning that there are about 10 million to 12 million cases. The number of people with asthma has increased by 60% in the past decade.<sup>1</sup>This increased incidence is not restricted to the United States, but is also occurring throughout the world.<sup>2</sup>Not only is there more asthma, but the disease is becoming more severe, as reflected in more hospitalizations and more deaths. During the time period 1983 through 1987, there was an average of 463 500 hospitalizations annually for asthma, of which nearly two thirds involved adults.<sup>3</sup>This incidence represents at least a 145% increase from 1970, and again has been seen worldwide.<sup>2</sup>There were an estimated 1.8 million emergency department visits for asthma, as well. The total cost of treating asthmatic patients in the United States was estimated to be $6.42 billion
VERNAKALANT FOR RAPID CARDIOVERSION OF RECENT ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Madhu Reddy, Ajay Vallakati, Arun Kanmanthareddy, Arun Raghav Mahankali Sridhar, Jayasree Pillarisetti, Ryan Maybrook, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
An Exploratory Study of the Biological Activity of Sunitinib as a Component of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer.
Authors: K. Miller, M. Estes, S. Perkins, B. Schneider, D. Matei, A. Storniolo, D. Ingram, M. Yoder, K. Kern, G. Sledge
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The neoadjuvant setting provides an ideal opportunity to explore the impact of sunitinib alone and in combination with paclitaxel on the functional status of tumor vasculature as indicated by changes in tumor interstitial pressure (IFP) and circulating progenitor cell (CPC) subsets.Methods: Patients(pts.) with newly diagnosed stage Ic-IIIc breast cancer were treated with sunitinib monotherapy (100 mg Day 1; 37.5 mg D2-14) prior to the initiation of paclitaxel (80 mg/M2 D1,8,15 every 28 days x 4 cycles) with sunitinib (25 mg/d). IFP and CPC subsets were assessed at baseline and after sunitinib monotherapy. IFP was measured in three separate areas of the tumor using a micropressure transducer catheter; mean and highest IFP recorded were analyzed. Improvements in poly-chromatic flow cytometry allowed distinction of pro-angiogenic (pCPC = Live/AC133+CD34bright/CD31+CD45dim\), from non-angiogenic (nCPC = Live/AC133-CD34bright/CD31+/CD45dim\), CPCs that cannot be quantified separately using previously reported protocols1. Baseline CPC subsets were also compared to age and gender matched healthy controls.Results: From July 2008 to May 2009, 14 pts were enrolled; baseline and post-sunitinib IFP and CPC data are available for 12 and 11 pts respectively. The median age was 48 (range 32-69). Mean pretreatment tumor diameter was 3.2 cm. Sunitinib monotherapy was generally well tolerated; two patients developed grade III toxicities including hypertension (n=1) and hand-foot syndrome (n=1). Sunitinib significantly decreased mean IFP (18.87 mmHg vs. 6.38 mmHg; p=0.002); similar results were obtained when only the maximum IFP was considered (22.32 mmHg vs. 8.36 mmHg; p=0.003). pCPC frequency was not different between pts and healthy controls (0.099% vs. 0.076%, p=0.24) but the p:nCPC ratio was significantly higher in pts compared to healthy controls (3.26 vs. 1.46; p=0.001) suggesting a shift toward vascular damage and/or active angiogenesis. Both pCPC frequency (0.099 vs. 0.022; p=0.001) and p:nCPC ratio (3.26 vs. 0.78; p=0.001) significantly decreased after sunitinib monotherapy. Analysis of paclitaxel + sunitinib is too early (n=4).Conclusion: Sunitinib, through its effects on VEGF-mediated vascular permeability, markedly reduces tumor IFP. In addition sunitinib profoundly reduces pCPCs that are thought to be important for angiogenesis in human cancers. Accrual is ongoing (planned N=40). Analysis of IFP and CPC subsets after paclitaxel + sunitinib as well as additional correlates will be presented.1 Duda et al. (2007). Nat. Protocol 2, 805-810. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 202.
Detection and Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer-Reply
Authors: Stanley B. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree that colon cancer should be placed in perspective. In 1988, there were more than 147 000 new cases and 61500 deaths from the disease in the United States alone.<sup>1</sup>Recent advances in our knowledge about the natural history of colon cancer, risk factors, the relationship between stage of disease and survival, diagnostic methods, and surgical treatment are beginning to have a favorable impact after decades of relative stagnation. Physicians need to apply current methods to their patients now to prevent advanced cancer. They cannot wait until "proof" of the value of screening and surveillance is provided by controlled studies, but must make intelligent choices between available options. Recognizing the importance of this "case finding," the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy prepared the guideline article entitled "Detection and Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer." This unprecedented joint effort employed available data plus the
More Plans — A Lady Physician — Lieutenant to You, Captain
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN 1962 the Minister of Health, Mr. Enoch Powell, reviewed the hospital services throughout the country and found that 45 per cent of existing hospitals had been originally built before 1891, and 21 per cent before 1861. A vast rebuilding program was clearly required, and in the plan that he presented to Parliament, he envisaged that a minimum of £500,000,000 would need to be spent in the following ten years (this figure was later raised to £750,000,000 over a twelve-year period). When Mr. Kenneth Robinson was appointed minister of health in the Labour Government he took steps to revise the . . .
Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Topotecan Decoded by a Novel Mathematical Simulation Approach
Authors: Monica Lupi, Giada Matera, Davide Branduardi, Maurizio D’Incalci, Paolo Ubezio
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Topotecan (TPT) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and like the other drugs of this family, it is believed to act in a specific way on cells in S phase at the time of treatment. Exploiting a new method, coupling a particular experimental plan with computer simulation, a complete quantitative study of the time dependence and dose dependence of the activity of cell cycle controls has become feasible, and the overall scenario of events after treatment can be reconstructed in detail. We were able to demonstrate that the response of an ovarian cancer cell line to 1 h of treatment with TPT is not limited to inhibition of DNA synthesis, leading to cell death, but involves G1 and G2-M checkpoints. G1 and G2-M block, recycling, and death follow specific dose-dependent kinetics, lasting no less than 3 days after treatment. We also found that cells treated outside S phase contribute significantly to the overall activity. The utility of this analysis was demonstrated by reproducing more complex treatment schemes in which low TPT concentrations were applied for 1 h three times at 24-h intervals. In this case, the simulation clarified the origin of the auto-potentiation observed with repeated 0.2 μm treatments, in which the cytotoxicity, particularly against S-phase cells, was higher than the cytotoxicity in cells treated with 10 μm only once. We believe that this approach will help us to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of the response of a cell population to a drug challenge and could help us to establish the rationale for drug scheduling or drug combinations.
Spontaneous spinal subdural haematoma.
Authors: D I Anagnostopoulos, P Gortvai
Journal: BMJ (1972)

an early report.The operation of selective proximal vagotomy is clearly of great interest and requires further careful assess- ment; it would be wise, however, for surgeons to await the results of further trials before carrying out many of these operations without gastric drainage.We are grateful to Sister Stufrock, who has helped in the care of these patients, and to Professor H.