tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME PATHOLOGIC NOTES ON NEOPLASMS OF THE MAXILLÆ.Read in the Section on Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-fiftb Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 6-8, 1894.
Authors: VIDA A. LATHAM
Journal: JAMA (1894)

served from disease or extracted when useless, it is dentistry.So the status of dentistry to-day, as far as our med¬ ical brothers are concerned, is not that of a specialty of medicine, principally because we are not gradu¬ ates in medicine.Are they right?To those who may believe that they are not, it is comforting to feel that though their maternal acknowledgment is so dear and their association so keenly desired, they shall not be permitted to sit sole judges of our rela¬ tionship.Other influences, both external and internal, are doing much to drag us from this fireside of art and science.The first, we are led to believe, is the neces¬ sary amount of mechanics our profession is obliged to teach and practice ; 2, the distinctive degree and curriculum we are attempting to maintain and en¬ force ; 3, the percentage of our profession who are not graduates-many of whom, though, are our bright¬ est lights ; 4, our determination to be recognized.The forces and influences which are tending to draw us beneath the maternal roof are, however, such that they will eventually overcome all opposing ones.They are :1.The addition of medical chairs to dental facul¬
A PLEA FOR A UNIFORM DIASTASE TEST.
Authors: C. C. FITE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Considering the great importance of diastase as a therapeutic agent, it is certainly to be regretted that, up to this time, no uniform test has been agreed on for determining its starch-converting power. My purpose in presenting this subject before the Section is to ask your attention to this fact, and to suggest that a committee be appointed to present the matter before the United States Pharmacopeia Revision Committee, with the hope that the next edition of this work will contain a test which can be adopted as a standard and prevent the confusion now existing. It is a great misfortune that we have no uniform diastase test, and we should urge upon the committee that all of the tests now used by various chemists and manufacturers of diastasic products be carefully examined into and the best test adopted as a standard. One of the complications due to there not
Hemorrhagic Proctosigmoiditis and Blastocystis hominis
Authors: Joseph Carl Yarze
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 November 1996Hemorrhagic Proctosigmoiditis and Blastocystis hominisJoseph Carl Yarze, MDJoseph Carl Yarze, MDGastroenterology Associates of Northern New York, Glens Falls, NY 12801.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Carrascosa and colleagues recently reported a case of hemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis in the setting of documented Blastocystis hominis infection [1]. They suggest that their case provides further evidence to support the pathogenicity of B. hominis and the idea that B. hominis should be considered a possible cause of hemorrhagic colitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Although I agree with their cautious conclusion, several points about the case merit comment.First, the authors mention that the patient's stool was not examined for Shiga-like toxins. I assume that they are alluding to the fact that enterohemorrhagic infection with Escherichia ...References1. Carrascosa M, Martinez J, Perez-Castrillon JL. Hemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis and Blastocystis hominis infection [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:278-9. Google Scholar2. Su C, Brandt LJ. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in humans. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:698-714. Google Scholar3. Brandt LJ, Boley SJ. Ischemic and vascular lesions of the bowel. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993:1940. Google Scholar4. Boley SJ. Colonic ischemia—25 years later. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990; 8:931-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph Carl Yarze, MDAffiliations: Gastroenterology Associates of Northern New York, Glens Falls, NY 12801. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiagnosis and Treatment of Colonic Disease in AIDS 15 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 10Page: 860-861KeywordsAnal and rectal disordersAngiographyColitisColonoscopyEscherichia coliEscherichia coli infectionsIschemiaPathogensToxins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Disposal of used metered dose inhalers.
Authors: W. U. Hassan, A. F. Henderson, N. P. Keaney
Journal: BMJ (1992)

necessary."The decision in the House of Lords in one case states "In considering lawfulness of medical and surgical treatment given to a patient who for any reason, temporary or permanent, lacks the capacity to give or to communicate consent to treatment, it was stated to be axiomatic that treatment which is necessary to preserve life, health or well being of the patient may lawfully be given without consent."In emergency treatment, where decisions need to be taken quickly, the legal position may be far from clear cut and medical staff may be open to prosecution for assault under common law.Most medical staff have little or no appreciation of the lack of clarity in the legal position governing the treatment of patients against their wishes in emergencies.The case concerning the Jehovah's Witness raised "for the first time in English courts the question of whether an adult has the constitutional right to die."2The patient described here made a complete recovery.Several weeks later he came to the outpatients department without an appointment to thank us profusely for having saved his life.The laws governing the treatment of drug overdose should be clarified to protect doctors who other- wise may face legal proceedings for acting in good faith and with compassion.
Comparative carcinogenic potencies of particulates from diesel engine exhausts, coke oven emissions, roofing tar aerosols and cigarette smoke.
Authors: R E Albert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Mammalian cell mutagenesis, transformation and skin tumorigenesis assays show similar results in comparing the potencies of diesel, coke oven, roofing tar and cigarette smoke particulates. These assay results are reasonably consistent with the comparative carcinogenic potencies of coke oven and roofing tar emissions as determined by epidemiological studies. The bacterial mutagenesis assay tends to show disproportionately high potencies, particularly with diesel particulates. Results to date encourage the approach to the assessment for carcinogenic risks from diesel emissions based on the use of epidemiological data on cancer induced by coke oven emissions, roofing tar particulates and cigarette smoke with the comparative potencies of these materials determined by in vivo and in vitro bioassays.
Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Christian-Heinz Anderwald, Andrea Tura, Miriam Promintzer-Schifferl, Gerhard Prager, Marietta Stadler, Bernhard Ludvik, Harald Esterbauer, Martin Georg Bischof, Anton Luger, Giovanni Pacini, Michael Krebs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Obesity leads to severe long-term complications and reduced life expectancy. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery induces excessive and continuous weight loss in (morbid) obesity, although it causes several abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions.To distinctively unveil effects of RYGB surgery on β-cell function and glucose turnover in skeletal muscle, liver, and gut, nondiabetic, morbidly obese patients were studied before (pre-OP, five female/one male, BMI: 49 ± 3 kg/m(2), 43 ± 2 years of age) and 7 ± 1 months after (post-OP, BMI: 37 ± 3 kg/m(2)) RYGB surgery, compared with matching obese (CON(ob), five female/one male, BMI: 34 ± 1 kg/m(2), 48 ± 3 years of age) and lean controls (CON(lean), five female/one male, BMI: 22 ± 0 kg/m(2), 42 ± 2 years of age). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp tests, and mechanistic mathematical modeling allowed determination of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M/I), OGTT and clamp test β-cell function, and gastrointestinal glucose absorption.Post-OP lost (P < 0.0001) 35 ± 3 kg body weight. M/I increased after RYGB, becoming comparable to CON(ob), but remaining markedly lower than CON(lean) (P < 0.05). M/I tightly correlated (τ = -0.611, P < 0.0001) with fat mass. During OGTT, post-OP showed ≥15% reduced plasma glucose from 120 to 180 min (≤4.5 mmol/L), and 29-fold elevated active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) dynamic areas under the curve, which tightly correlated (r = 0.837, P < 0.001) with 84% increased β-cell secretion. Insulinogenic index (0-30 min) in post-OP was ≥29% greater (P < 0.04). At fasting, post-OP showed approximately halved insulin secretion (P < 0.05 vs. pre-OP). Insulin-stimulated insulin secretion in post-OP was 52% higher than before surgery, but 1-2 pmol/min(2) lower than in CON(ob)/CON(lean) (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal glucose absorption was comparable in pre-OP and post-OP, but 9-26% lower from 40 to 90 min in post-OP than in CON(ob)/CON(lean) (P < 0.04).RYGB surgery leads to decreased plasma glucose concentrations in the third OGTT hour and exaggerated β-cell function, for which increased GLP-1 release seems responsible, whereas gastrointestinal glucose absorption remains unchanged but lower than in matching controls.
Deputising services: the portsmouth experience.
Authors: D J Bain
Journal: BMJ (1984)

An analysis of the deputising service in the city of Portsmouth showed that the workload of doctors was not excessive and there was no evidence that the number of calls was higher than in areas where no deputising service exists. Sixty seven per cent of patients were seen within one hour of requesting a call and 93% within two hours. Seven per cent of patients were admitted to hospital and 88% of these were seen within one hour of requesting medical care. Drugs were prescribed at 65% of all contacts between doctor and patient which compares favourably with prescribing rates for consultations in general practice. A notable feature of the Portsmouth scheme is that all subscribers who use the deputising service have to agree to participate as a deputy, with 90% of deputies being practising general practitioners or eligible to be principals in general practice. This has probably conserved costs and hospital resources.
Vasculitis in Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hendrick B. Barner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE MICROANGIOPATHY that frequently causes death in individuals with juvenile diabetes mellitus is so well recognized and ingrained in our thinking that patients with maturity-onset diabetes are commonly assumed to have similar vascular abnormalities. This misconception is widely held by practicing physicians and is perpetuated in our medical schools, so that emerging physicians continue to believe that microangiopathy precludes vascular reconstruction of larger vessels in the patient with adult-onset diabetes. Basement membrane thickening at the capillary level is associated with aging and, to a greater degree, with maturity-onset diabetes.<sup>1,2</sup>This, however, is a segmental lesion that does not obstruct flow but may limit nutrient exchange across the capillary wall. Occlusive disease at the level of the small arteries and arterioles was not found to be more prevalent in adult diabetics than in nondiabetics by two careful studies.<sup>3,4</sup> Combined with this anatomic evidence<sup>1-4</sup>indicating lack of obliterative diabetic
Hereditary thrombophilia among 217 consecutive patients with thromboembolic disease in Jordan
Authors: A. S. Awidi, M. Abu‐Khalaf, U. Herzallah, A. Abu‐Rajab, M. M. Shannak, T. Abu‐Obeid, I. Al‐Taher, B. Anshasi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract This is a four‐year prospective study on patients admitted or referred with thromboembolic disease to Jordan University Hospital or to the Thrombosis/Haemostasis Laboratory at the University of Jordan. The aim of the study was to find the relative prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia. For the purpose of this work, hereditary thrombophilia was diagnosed in the absence of an acquired cause of thrombophilia in addition to two of the following: 1) positive family history of thrombophilia, 2) confirmed same deficiency in a closely related family member, 3) the deficient protein is constantly below 2 SD of the normal mean on repeated testing. All ages were admitted to the study. Acquired systemic factors or local factors known to cause thrombosis or affect the levels of proteins opposing thrombosis were excluded. There were a total of 217 patients (102 males and 115 females) with confirmed throm‐boembolic disease. Their mean age was 34 years. A total of 49 patients (26 males and 23 females) fulfilled the criteria of hereditary thrombophilia. There were 17 cases of protein C deficiency (PC), 15 protein S deficiency (PS), 10 antithrombin III deficiency (ATIII), 3 dyfibrinogenemia, 2 heparin cofactor II deficiency, and 2 plasminogen defects. In this group most of the thrombosis was venous. A positive family history was obtained in 65.3% of patients with hereditary thrombophilia. Twenty‐seven additional relatives with deficiency were identified upon family studies. The calculated prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia in Jordan is put at 1/25,000. Screening for PC, PS, and ATIII is advocated in young patients who have thromboembolic disease, especially when there is a positive family history of thrombosis. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Children and the inverse care law
Authors: E. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It is over 25 years since Tudor Hart described the inverse care law. This states that “the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served.”1 Although Tudor Hart did not provide hard evidence to support his hypothesis, others have since. West and Lowe showed that for children's services need and provision were badly matched.2 Given the lack of strategic planning centred on children and the low priority given to the commissioning of children's services, this situation is unlikely to have changed.3

The inverse care law also operates in terms of access to services. Those with least need of health care use the health services more, and more effectively, than do those with greatest need.4 This applies to preventive interventions as well as treatments. Health promotion based on providing information in standard formats to the population as a whole has had the greatest impact on people who are socially and economically advantaged.5

#### Summary points

Half a million socioeconomically deprived children and young people are marginalised within society in the United Kingdom

Social exclusion is associated with poor health and very poor access to health services

Addressing the needs of these young people ought to be a priority since poor health has implications for their adult health and welfare

Strategies to improve their health care, with particular emphasis on the role of primary care, must be developed and implemented

If Britain is to change its attitudes to children fundamentally, a children's rights commissioner must be appointed

Over one third of the children in the United Kingdom grow up in conditions of socioeconomic deprivation. In consequence they experience poorer health than their more affluent peers.6 Within this socioeconomically deprived population exist several groups of children and young people who …
Protein composition of urinary casts from healthy subjects and patients with glomerulonephritis.
Authors: J K Fairley, J E Owen, D F Birch
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Urinary casts from 46 healthy volunteers and 60 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined for the presence of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and other proteins. All samples gave immunofluorescence evidence of Tamm-Horsfall protein in casts. Casts from 59 of the patients but only three of the controls contained other proteins in addition (p less than 0.001). Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were detected in casts from 53 of the patients but none of the healthy volunteers. Examination of urinary casts for immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrin provides a non-invasive method for distinguishing patients with active glomerular disease.
ON TRACHEAL TUGGING IN CONDITIONS OTHER THAN ANEURYSM OF THE TRANSVERSE PORTION OF THE ARCH OF THE AORTA.
Authors: HARRY TOULMIN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

While serving as medical interne at the Johns Hopkins Hospital under Dr. Osler, some years ago, I became impressed by the frequency with which cases of aneurysm of the transverse portion of the arch of the aorta were accompanied by tracheal tugging. Desiring to know if this phenomenon might occur in other diseases or in health, I recently began to collect statistics, and desire to make today what, on account of the small number thus far examined, can only be called a preliminary report. I found that results of work on similar lines had been published by Grimsdale<sup>1</sup>and by Ewart,<sup>2</sup>and a short time ago F. A. Packard,<sup>3</sup>in an article on "The Signs and Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm," makes mention of some observations of his own in this connection. In making up my tables the following points were ascertained in addition to tests for tugging:
Abstract 1271: Aberrant activation of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase in ovarian cancer identified through a global phosphorylation profiling of protein tyrosine kinases
Authors: Melina Shoni, Jinyan Du, Junzheng Yang, Shu-Kay Ng, Michael George Muto, William Welch, Christopher Crum, Ross Berkowitz, Todd Golub, Shu-Wing Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrations in protein kinase activity and the consequent deregulation of downstream signaling pathways are considered a hallmark of oncogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phosphorylation state, the ultimate readout of dysregulated activity, of protein tyrosine kinases in ovarian tumors. An innovative Luminex multiplex platform was employed to systematically determine phosphorylation status of protein tyrosine kinases in a total of 69 protein lysates derived from normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells, ovarian tumors, and cancer cell lines. Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) was performed to identify the signature of phosphorylated kinases with statistical significance. Profiling results were confirmed by using phosphor-specific kinase antibodies in immunoblot analysis of the profiled lysates and immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archived ovarian and fallopian tissues, as well as immunofluorescence of ovarian cancer cells growing as monolayer or 3D Matrigel cell cultures. A signature of twenty-two phosphorylated protein tyrosine kinases was identified by SAM analysis of the profiling data. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK), a novel tyrosine kinase included in the signature, was found significantly phosphorylated in lysates from ovarian cancer tissues compared to normal tissues by both Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry on 94 clinical ovarian tissues (P=0.024). SYK phosphorylation was also identified in tubal intraepithelial carcinomas, the hypothesized precursors of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. However, SYK activation was not observed in ovarian cancer cell lines growing as attached monolayer cells, but was present when they grew as mouse xenografts or in 3D Matrigel in vitro cultures. We are the first to report that SYK, an extensively investigated tyrosine kinase in hematopoietic cells, is aberrantly phosphorylated and activated in ovarian cancer. SYK phosphorylation in ovarian cancer might be induced by extracellular stimuli that are exclusively present in the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide additional options in targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1271. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1271
Inhibition of proliferative and suppressor responses in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: H.A.F. Stephens, Penny Fitzharris, R.A. Knight, M.L. Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prevents the proliferative response of normal T cells when stimulated by autologous or allogeneic non-T cells. The abrogation of proliferation in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) with SLE serum is associated with a lack of suppressor T cell generation. Fractionation of SLE sera on sucrose gradients reveals an 18-12 S peak of Raji cell binding material. Fractions with an S value of </=12 S show inhibitory activity in an AMLR.
Anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, and prognosis of neuroblastoma
Authors: Colette Adida, Dominique Berrebi, Michael Peuchmaur, Miguel Reyes-Mugica, Dario C Altieri
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Neuroblastoma may be aggressive with a dismal outcome or regress spontaneously. Prognostic factors including age, stage, and ploidy, N-myc amplification, and histology are necessary to direct treatment. Gene products controlling apoptosis may modulate neuroblastoma's variable course. 1 Pritchard J Hickman JA Why does stage 4s neuroblastoma regress spontaneously?. Lancet. 1994; 344: 869-870 Abstract PubMed Scopus (104) Google Scholar Although expression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 has been linked to a more aggressive disease, 2 Castle VP Heidelberger KP Bromberg J Ou X Dole M Nunez G Expression of the apoptosis-suppressing protein bcl-2, in neuroblastoma is associated with unfavourable histology and N-myc amplification. Am J Pathol. 1993; 143: 1543-1550 PubMed Google Scholar and inversely correlated with morphological features of apoptosis, it is unclear whether inhibition or apoptosis is a predictive factor in neuroblastoma or whether it reflects the degree of cell differentiation. 3 Hoehner JC Hedborg F Wiklund HJ Olsen L Pahlman S Cellular death in neuroblastoma: In situ correlation of apoptosis and bcl-2 expression. Int J Cancer. 1995; 62: 19-24 Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar An apoptosis inhibitor, survivin, 4 Ambrosini G Adida C Altieri DC A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma. Nat Med. 1997; 3: 917-921 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3000) Google Scholar has recently been identified. Unlike other members of the bcl-2 and IAP gene families, survivin is selectively expressed in all the most common human cancers but not in normal adult tissues. 4 Ambrosini G Adida C Altieri DC A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma. Nat Med. 1997; 3: 917-921 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3000) Google Scholar We determined the expression of survivin in neuroblastoma and its relation to disease progression.
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Gemcitabine–Oxaliplatin versus Carboplatin–Paclitaxel as First-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Charles H. Weissman, Craig H. Reynolds, Marcus A. Neubauer, Sharon Pritchard, Svetlana Kobina, Lina Asmar
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)