tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival After Relapse in Children and Adolescents With Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group
Authors: Alberto S. Pappo, James R. Anderson, William M. Crist, Moody D. Wharam, Phillip P. Breitfeld, Douglas Hawkins, R. Beverly Raney, Richard B. Womer, David M. Parham, Steven J. Qualman, Holcombe E. Grier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapy, nearly 30% of children with rhabdomyosarcoma experience progressive or relapsed disease, which is often fatal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To facilitate the development of a retrieval therapy protocol, we studied potential risk factors that were predictive of survival after first relapse in 605 children who were enrolled onto three consecutive Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocols. RESULTS: The median survival time from first recurrence was 0.8 years; the estimated percentage of patients who survived 5 years from first recurrence was 17% ± 2% (mean ± SD). Univariate analysis showed that tumor histology was an important predictor of 5-year survival (P &lt; .001): the 5-year survival rate was 64% for patients with botryoid tumors (n = 19), 26% for patients with embryonal tumors (n = 313), and 5% for patients with alveolar or undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 273). Further analysis identified prognostic factors within histologic subtypes (P &lt; .001). For patients with embryonal tumors, the estimated 5-year survival rate was 52% for patients who initially presented with stage 1 or group I disease, 20% for those with stage 2/3 or group II/III disease, and 12% for those with group IV disease. For patients with stage 1/group I disease, estimated 5-year survival rates were higher for patients with local (72%) or regional (50%) recurrence than for those with distant (30%) recurrence. Among patients with alveolar or undifferentiated sarcoma, only the disease group predicted outcome: the 5-year survival estimate was 40% for group I versus 3% for groups II through IV. We identified a “favorable risk” group (approximately 20% of patients) whose 5-year estimated survival rate was near 50%; for all other patients, the estimated survival was near 10%. CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates that the probability of 5-year survival after relapse for rhabdomyosarcoma is dependent on several factors at the time of initial diagnosis, including histologic subtype, disease group, and stage. These findings will form the basis of a multi-institutional risk-adapted relapse protocol for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.
Sliding-scale insulin used for blood glucose control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yen-Ying Lee, You-Meei Lin, Wuan-Jin Leu, Mei-Yi Wu, Ju-Huei Tseng, Meng-Ting Hsu, Chia-Shan Tsai, An-Tsz Hsieh, Ka-Wai Tam
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Myositis-associated interstitial pneumonia (MaIP): Autoantibody associations in patients presenting to pulmonologists and rheumatologists
Authors: Sushil Agarwal, Emma Helm, S.C.H. Smith, Shirish Dubey, Felix Woodhead
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction  Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis patients often have interstitial pneumonia (IP). Histology usually shows organising pneumonia (OP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). They may present either to a pulmonologist (Group A) or a rheumatologist (Group B). Myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) could aid diagnosis in conjugation with clinical phenotype.  Aim  To compare clinical phenotypes and their MSA associations in patients with HRCT evidence of IP.  Methods  Clinical presentation and investigation results in each group were reviewed retrospectively.  Results  Of Group A [n=4]; 3/4 (75%) had a respiratory problem and 1/4 (25%) arthralgia as their first symptom. Of group B [n=7]; 4/7 (57%) of whom had myositis, 2/7 (29%) a respiratory problem and 1/7 (14%) arthralgia as their first symptom. MRI of the thighs showed myositis in 6/7 patients in Group B but was only performed in 1/4 patient in Group A and was negative. Anti-Jo1 was the most common antibody in Group B [5/7 (71%) vs 1/4 (25%)]. PL7 and PM-Scl were only seen in Group A.  Conclusion  MaIP presents with different phenotypes. Myositis is more common in those presenting to rheumatologists. Anti-Jo1 antibodies were most common in patients presenting to rheumatologists whilst PL-7 and PM-Scl were seen in those presenting to pulmonologists. Pulmonologists should be alert to the occurrence of MaIP without frank myositis.
Phosphorylation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Mediates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1–Induced Parathyroid Cell Proliferation in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Oded Volovelsky, Gili Cohen, Ariel Kenig, Gilad Wasserman, Avigail Dreazen, Oded Meyuhas, Justin Silver, Tally Naveh-Many
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and parathyroid cell proliferation. However, the molecular pathways mediating the increased parathyroid cell proliferation remain undefined. Here, we found that the mTOR pathway was activated in the parathyroid of rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by either chronic hypocalcemia or uremia, which was measured by increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a downstream target of the mTOR pathway. This activation correlated with increased parathyroid cell proliferation. Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 by rapamycin decreased or prevented parathyroid cell proliferation in secondary hyperparathyroidism rats and in vitro in uremic rat parathyroid glands in organ culture. Knockin rpS6(p-/-) mice, in which rpS6 cannot be phosphorylated because of substitution of all five phosphorylatable serines with alanines, had impaired PTH secretion after experimental uremia- or folic acid-induced AKI. Uremic rpS6(p-/-) mice had no increase in parathyroid cell proliferation compared with a marked increase in uremic wild-type mice. These results underscore the importance of mTOR activation and rpS6 phosphorylation for the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and indicate that mTORC1 is a significant regulator of parathyroid cell proliferation through rpS6.
Serum Levels of Vitamin A and Carotenoids as Reflectors of Nutritional Status&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: James A. Olson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Of the total body reserve of vitamin A, the liver is the major repository (greater than or equal to 90%); plasma contains only 1% of the total amount. Although the median liver concentration in well-nourished American adults is approximately 100 micrograms/g, a minimally adequate concentration is suggested to be 20 micrograms/g. Physiologic, nutritional, clinical, and genetic factors affect plasma retinol levels by a variety of mechanisms. Of total body carotenoids, most are associated with adipose tissue (greater than 80%), and a lesser amount is associated with liver (10%). Vitamin A concentrations in the liver are low at birth but then rise to adult levels at 1-4 years of age. Liver carotenoid concentrations are not proportional to liver vitamin A reserves. Total liver retinol is proportional to dietary retinol but not in a purely linear fashion. When liver reserves exceed 30 micrograms/g, the excretion of vitamin A metabolites in bile is much increased. Plasma vitamin A is homeostatically controlled over the physiologic range of liver vitamin A concentrations, e.g., 20-300 micrograms/g. Below 20 micrograms/g liver, plasma vitamin A values tend to fall; above 300 micrograms/g liver, plasma values tend to increase. At very high intakes, plasma vitamin A values can be greater than or equal to 300 micrograms/dl. In such cases most of the plasma vitamin A is in the form of retinyl ester. Thus, except in cases of deficiency or excess, vitamin A levels in the plasma are not good indicators of vitamin A status. Other methods of evaluating vitamin A status include relative dose response, analysis of liver autopsy or biopsy samples, isotope-dilution approach, and pseudoequilibrium approach. The first two of these methods have proven to be very useful in specific circumstances, whereas the others are under development.
The effect of mechanical strain on protease production by keratinocytes
Authors: N. Bhadal, I.B. Wall, S.R. Porter, S. Broad, G.E. Lindahl, S. Whawell, M.P. Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Intact skin is under constant tension, transmitted from the underlying dermis, but when tension is lost (i.e. upon wounding) protease activity is upregulated.To investigate the effect of mechanical strain on protease production by both normal and transformed keratinocytes in vitro.Keratinocytes were seeded on to membranes precoated with either type I or type IV collagen. After 48 h medium was replaced with serum-free medium and mechanical strain was applied.Mechanical strain resulted in decreased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) production by normal human keratinocytes (P<0.05) but increased production by transformed keratinocytes (P<0.05) cultured on type I and type IV collagen.Differential production of uPA by normal and transformed keratinocytes is relevant in the context of normal function, wound healing and tumorigenesis.
Primary lung cancer treated using radiofrequency ablation: Two year outcome data
Authors: Julia Beeson, Vladimir Anikin, Sundeep Kaul, Dimitrios Kyparissopoulos, Paras Dalal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Purpose: Percutaneous image guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly used as an alternative treatment option for patients with inoperable primary lung cancer (NSCLC) but there are little published outcome data. We report safety & efficacy of RFA in patients with NSCLC (stages 1-4) at 1 & 2 years.  Methods and Materials: Under general anaesthesia 38 patients, underwent RFA of 50 pulmonary tumours. Survival were evaluated prospectively at 3, 6, 9,12 & 24 months whilst complications was assessed 1 month post procedure.  Results: There were no cases of procedure related mortality. Complications included pneumothorax requiring intercostal drain (ICD) insertion (n=20, 53%), small pneumothorax not requiring ICD (n=3, 8%) and pleural effusion (n=2, 5%). One year overall survival and cancer specific (C/S) for tumours classified as Stage 1 (n=20) were 100% and 100% respectively. Stage 2 (n=7) 85% & 100% respectively and stage 4 (n=11) 64% & 73% respectively. Two year survivals (overall & C/S) for Stage 1 were 85% & 95%, in Stage 2 patients 43% & 86% and those at Stage 4 45% & 64% respectively.  Conclusion: RFA is a safe, effective and well-tolerated treatment option in patients with inoperable lung cancer. Our study also shows that ablation therapy may be useful in higher stage tumours.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa exacerbations in COPD patients
Authors: Isabelle Rault, Vincent Jounieaux, Claire Andrejak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Pseudomonas aeruginosa   is found in COPD patients sputum in 4-15%, mainly in those with advanced disease and / or in pthose requiring mechanical ventilation. Currently, there are no data to justify an empiric antibiotic therapy against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa   when a new COPD exacerbation occurs in a patient with a previous  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  exacerbation.  Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to analyse microbialogical ecology exacerbations in COPD patients with at least one  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  exacerbation  Results: Among the 243 COPD patients hospitalized during the study period (2007-2011), only 23 (9.5%) had at least one  Pseudomonas aeruginosa   exacerbation (between 1 and 11 exacerbations per patient). They presented a new  Pseudomonas aeruginosa   exacerbation in 54% of cases. From one to an other exacerbation, the  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  susceptibility changed, with a wild type  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  in 58% of cases during the first exacerbation and 42% during the next one. COPD patients with GOLD stage IV were rarely hospitalized for a wild  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  exacerbation (p = 0.01, 15% vs.83% in GOLD stage II and III patients)  Conclusion: In this pilot study, the microbialogical ecology of COPD exacerbation differed from one exacerbation to another, contrary to that observed in cystic fibrosis patients.
Long-term outcomes after nucleos(t)ide analogue discontinuation in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: D. He, S. Guo, P. Zhu, S. Tao, M. Li, H. Huang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Ding
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)

Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) resistance is an important clinical risk resulting from long-term therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) management. Discontinuation of NUCs is a feasible strategy to reduce resistance. We aimed to observe the outcomes after NUC withdrawal in HBeAg-positive CHB patients. A total of 97 patients (11 patients with HBsAg loss and 86 patients with sustained HBeAg seroconversion) were enrolled. HBV DNA levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were monitored regularly after discontinuation. Relapse was defined as HBV DNA levels >2000 IU/mL in at least two determinations more than 4 weeks apart. HBeAg seroconversion was achieved within 48 weeks (interquartile range (IQR), 24-72 weeks). The time on consolidation therapy was 96 weeks (IQR, 84-144 weeks). No relapses occurred for HBsAg loss patients. Evidence of relapse was observed in 9.3% of HBeAg seroconversion patients. All relapse cases occurred within 48 weeks after discontinuation. The time to relapse was 33 ± 15 weeks. Elevation of HBV DNA and ALT levels over baseline were only observed in 12.5% of relapse patients. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics (sex, HBV genotype, age or ALT levels) or time on consolidation therapy between patients with relapse or sustained response. NUC discontinuation in HBeAg-positive CHB patients is feasible after achieving HBeAg seroconversion at a minimum of 24 weeks. There is further benefit to prolonging the time on consolidation therapy to reduce relapse. More than 48 weeks of sustained response is a predictive marker for long-term sustained response.
The Renaissance fifth finger * Authors' response
Authors: H. A Johnson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Dr McNaught is right to point out examples of racism in the NHS (December 2004 JRSM 1 ).But what to do about it?Maybe we can learn some lessons from the past.Today there is an over-representation of black people in the mental health system but in the 1960s Irish people were over-represented. 2 Psychiatrists thought that the prevalence of schizophrenia was high in people from the west of Ireland and invented a new syndrome 'western seaboard psychosis'. 3 Anthropologists descended on the unsuspecting immigrants to ask them if their Catholic faith caused their minds to unbalance and psychiatrists followed to dole out antipsychotics.But then some proper research was done and it showed no excess of schizophrenia in Irish immigrants. 4 The methods of case collection in the early studies were poor and cross-cultural comparisons were not properly thought through. 3 Today Irish people are no more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than anyone else.How did this happen?I would love to say that it was because of the new research or because of government initiatives.The research helped a bit but the main cures for anti-Irish discrimination were that the new immigrants were richer, better educated, better informed and more questioning.They would not be fobbed off with a misdiagnosis.An increasing understanding and appreciation of Irish culture also helped reduce anti-Irish discrimination generally.The most effective cure of all was time.A cynic would add that, nowadays, people have a new batch of immigrants (such as asylum seekers) to discriminate against.So we need fewer new policy drives and more changes of heart.These will only come from changes in society.Blaming individuals or even the NHS will not help.
2007 Laennec Clinician/Educator Lecture—Unraveling the Mysteries of Diastology
Authors: Rick Nishimura
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Diastolic dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of producing signs and symptoms of heart failure. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction (HFnlEF) is one of the leading causes of hospital admissions today and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is thus important to understand the pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction, which itself is a complex series of multiple interrelated events, including relaxation, suction, ventricular interaction, ventricular arterial coupling, pericardial restraint, and myocardial viscoelastic forces. It was difficult for the clinician to understand “diastology” in the past. Initial studies were limited to complex equations derived from animal models and were difficult to apply to patient care. The development of radionuclide angiography and Doppler echocardiography allowed noninvasive rapid assessment of volumetric filling and flow velocity curves, which began to provide insight into the complex process of diastolic filling for the clinician. As our understanding of diastology evolved over the past 2 decades, it has become clear that we now need to pursue new areas to understand this fascinating subject and apply it to patient care. These areas include the underlying mechanism HFnlEF (ventricular-vascular coupling versus true myocardial stiffness), relationship of rest versus exercise hemodynamics, and the complex ventricular fiber “twisting and shortening” of both contraction and relaxation.
Chemotherapy of Spontaneous Leukemia in Germfree AKR Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Morris Pollard, Nehama Sharon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Germfree mice tolerated larger subtoxic doses of cyclophosphamide (CP) than conventional mice. Germfree mice survived long-term CP therapy, without the secondary effects of bacterial infections which appeared in CP-treated conventional mice. Large doses of CP in young AKR mice prevented or deferred the development of spontaneous lymphatic leukemia. Treatment with CP also reversed the effects and lesions of acute leukemia in older AKR mice, with significant prolongation of life.
Careful Considerations Concerning Psychogenic Itch—Reply
Authors: Joslyn S. Kirby, Joanne Smucker
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

In Reply We thank Dr Elmariah for her letter and the chance to further discuss pruritus, a condition that is important to both patients and clinicians. We feel there are some generalizable principles that can be used to guide the evidence-based care of many patients with pruritus.
Establishment and Characterization of a Human Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing Cell Line From a Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Okabe, H Nomura, N Oshawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

A human colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-producing cell line, T3M-5, has been established in vitro from a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland transplanted into athymic nude mice [congenitally athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) mice; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan]. Contaminating fibroblasts derived from a host nude mouse were eliminated by treatment with antiserum raised against nude mouse cells. T3M-5 cells have been continuously propagated during 3 years. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet with about 22 hours of population-doubling time and showed about 40% plating efficiency. The cells exhibited an epithelium-like morphology resembling the structure of the original tumor and showed tumor takes when inoculated into nude mice. Chromosome analysis revealed the cell line to be a human aneuploid line with a hypertriploid mode. The cells possessed the characteristic function of human CSF production in vitro and produced marked neutrophilia in tumor-bearing nude mice that were inoculated with the cultured cells. The molecular weight of the CSF was estimated at about 27,000 and was stable over the pH range 1.0-9.0 at 4 degrees C for 21 hours. The CSF activity was destroyed by either trypsin or chymotrypsin, but it resisted neuraminidase, DNase, and RNase. The cells could be well propagated in roller bottles. About 100 liters of the conditioned medium was obtained with the roller bottle culture method, which formed approximately 500,000,000 colonies of human bone marrow cells. The rate of recovery of CSF activity from the gel-filtration column was high (68.9%). This cell line is therefore expected to aid in the large-scale preparation of human CSF.
Actions of Tumor Necrosis Factor on Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells: Morphologic Modulation, Growth Inhibition, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: N Sato, T Goto, K Haranaka, N Satomi, H Nariuchi, Y Mano-Hirano, Y Sawasaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Exposure to highly purified preparations of murine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) resulted in distinct morphologic changes and proliferation inhibition of cultured endothelial cells from the bovine aorta and capillary and of those from the human umbilical vein. The TNF preparation also inhibited the proliferation of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells but failed to inhibit the proliferation of bovine and human fibroblasts. The cytotoxic activity of the TNF preparation was prominent only in bovine capillary endothelial cells. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and upon PAGE only, of the TNF preparations, the fractions representing growth inhibitory and cytotoxic activities against bovine capillary endothelial cells exactly corresponded to those containing migrated TNF. Treatments of the TNF preparations with heat and polymyxin B revealed that the effects on endothelial cells were not due to possibly contaminated endotoxin. Moreover, growth inhibitory and cytotoxic actions of rabbit TNF on bovine capillary endothelial cells were completely neutralized by the addition of an anti-rabbit TNF monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that TNF causes morphologic changes in, growth inhibition of, and cytotoxicity against, the vascular endothelial cells.
Detection of Virus in Squamous Papillomas of the Wild Bird Species Fringilla coelebs
Authors: P. H. C. Lina, M. J. van Noord, F. G. de Groot
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Detection of Virus in Squamous Papillomas of the Wild Bird Species Fringilla coelebs Get access P. H. C. Lina, P. H. C. Lina Radiobiological Institute and the Institute for Experimental Gerontology of the Organization for Health Research TNO, 151 Lange Kleiweg, Rijswijk Z. H., The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. van Noord, M. J. van Noord Radiobiological Institute and the Institute for Experimental Gerontology of the Organization for Health Research TNO, 151 Lange Kleiweg, Rijswijk Z. H., The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. G. de Groot F. G. de Groot Radiobiological Institute and the Institute for Experimental Gerontology of the Organization for Health Research TNO, 151 Lange Kleiweg, Rijswijk Z. H., The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 567–571, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.567 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 09 November 1972 Accepted: 16 November 1972 Published: 01 February 1973