tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 4-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Rita M. Kelley, John B. Blennerhassett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.She had been well until three years earlier, when she underwent abdominoperineal resection because of a rectal carcinoma; a left-sided colostomy was done, and an appendectomy and hysterectomy were also performed. She then felt well until seven months before admission, when she observed enlarging masses in the right side of the neck. Examination disclosed enlarged, firm, fixed lymph nodes on both sides of the neck, with infiltration of the palate, hypopharynx and tonsils. X-ray films of the chest revealed bilateral mediastinal Iymphadenopathy, with deviation of the . . .
Evaluation Of Cytokine Levels In Patients With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Their Household Contacts-A Follow Up Study
Authors: Ramya Sivangala, Meenakshi Ponnana, Shruthi Thada, Lavanya Joshi, Vijayalakshmi Valluri, Sumanlatha Gaddam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Recombinant CD95-Fc (APG101) prevents graft-versus-host disease in mice without disabling antitumor cytotoxicity and T-cell functions
Authors: Natalie Hartmann, Joanna J. Messmann, Frank Leithäuser, Maxi Weiswange, Michael Kluge, Harald Fricke, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Gudrun Strauss
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cross Cultural Perspectives in Medical Ethics: Readings
Authors: James M. Humber
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Cross Cultural Perspectives in Medical Ethics:</i>Readings is an anthology "designed for undergraduate, graduate, and professional school courses in medical and bioethics where the objective is to provide an understanding of alternative systems of medical ethics and to introduce systematically the basic principles of normative ethics" (p v). The text itself is divided into three sections. Section I is an introduction to what the editor claims are "the major alternative traditions" in medical ethics (p xvi). Here the reader is introduced to ethical thought as diverse as the Hippocratic oath, the American Medical Association's (AMA) Principles of Medical Ethics, the professional ethics of ancient Indian medicine, and the Islamic code of medical professional ethics. In Section II the editor offers a number of essays that deal with the question of how an ethic for medicine is to be grounded; eg, should the ethic be viewed as the invention of a
Neurosis induced by home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations
Authors: S. Bain, T. Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Objective:</h3> (1) describe the major complaints of individuals living with dementia who present to the ED. (2) evaluate the associated comorbidities of individuals living with dementia. (3) describe the associated costs to individuals living with dementia. <h3>Background:</h3> Dementia is an acquired loss of cognition in multiple cognitive domains sufficiently severe to affect social or occupational functioning. As a result, individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias require increasing levels of medical care and familial support as the disease progresses. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We completed a database search of articles published between 2009 and 2019 from EBSCOhost and PubMed. 36 articles out of 1820 met the criteria for full-text review and 18 articles were included in our review. 3 articles were obtained from the references of reviewed articles. Topics included were: direct and indirect costs of Alzheimer’s disease, incidence, and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease, ED encounters for Alzheimer’s disease. <h3>Results:</h3> The studies showed a higher utilization of the ED by individuals with dementia compared to those without dementia. Individuals with dementia also had increased 30-day revisit rates and mortality rates compared to those without dementia. Interventions such as an Alzheimer’s specialty clinic lowered ED usage. Major reasons for ED visits included falls, ill-defined symptoms, and organ-specific symptoms. Studies also showed individuals living with dementia placed a higher economic burden on Medicare and Medicaid. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Alzheimer’s disease confers a higher risk of ED utilization with its associated costs. The findings indicate that individuals with Alzheimer’s who present to the ED have more associated comorbidities and mortality following their ED visit. Individuals living in nursing homes or receiving specialized care did not have increased ED use when compared to matched controls. Moving forward, the role of the ED physician may be to ensure coordination of care to minimize ED utilization and costs. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Rolland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Branson has nothing to disclose.
Maternal Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds during Pregnancy and Fetal and Postnatal Growth in British Girls
Authors: Mildred Maisonet, Metrecia L. Terrell, Michael A. McGeehin, Krista Yorita Christensen, Adrianne Holmes, Antonia M. Calafat, Michele Marcus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Prenatal exposures to polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) may be associated with adverse changes in fetal and postnatal growth.
Mechanisms of pulmonary edema induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Authors: D C Hocking, P G Phillips, T J Ferro, A Johnson
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We tested the hypothesis that human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) promotes pulmonary edema by neutrophil-dependent effects on the pulmonary vasculature. The isolated guinea pig lung was perfused with phosphate-buffered Ringer's solution with or without human neutrophils. The infusion of neutrophils (9 x 10(6) total) into lungs isolated after the in vivo administration of TNF (3.2 x 10(5) units/kg) resulted in weight gain (+1.951 +/- 0.311 g versus -0.053 +/- 0.053 g in control) and an increase in the lung (wet-dry)-to-dry weight ratio (8.3 +/- 0.5 versus 6.0 +/- 0.2 in control), indicating the formation of pulmonary edema. The neutrophil-dependent pulmonary edema induced by TNF was associated with a combination of increased capillary permeability (capillary filtration coefficient [Kf,c], 0.170 +/- 0.048 g/min/cm H2O/g at 30 minutes versus 0.118 +/- 0.008 g/min/cm H2O/g at baseline) and increased pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc, 12.8 +/- 0.8 cm H2O at 60 minutes versus 6.0 +/- 0.3 cm H2O at baseline). The Ppc increase was mediated by thromboxane A2 (TXA2) because the TXA2 synthetase inhibitor Dazoxiben (0.5 mM) prevented the effect (Ppc, 6.7 +/- 0.6 cm H2O at 60 minutes with Dazoxiben), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels were increased in the pulmonary venous effluent (5,244 +/- 599 pg/ml at 60 minutes versus 60 +/- 13 pg/ml at baseline). Studies using WEB-2086 (37 microM), a platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, indicated that PAF mediated the increased vascular permeability (Kf,c, 0.107 +/- 0.014 g/min/cm H2O/g at 30 minutes using WEB-2086) and, in part, the increased Ppc (Ppc, 8.4 +/- 0.7 cm H2O at 60 minutes using WEB-2086). In addition, alterations of endothelial peripheral actin bands were noted after TNF administration. The data indicate that TNF induces neutrophil-dependent pulmonary edema associated with increased Ppc (mediated by TXA2 and PAF), increased Kf,c (mediated by PAF), and changes in endothelial peripheral actin bands.
Competition improves health services, think tank says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Competition can improve health services and reduce costs, the pressure group Reform has concluded.

A new report by the market oriented think tank provides examples of healthcare systems around the world to show that, far from fragmenting services, as critics of the government’s healthcare reforms claim, competition and reconfiguration can integrate and improve them.

In Massachusetts, the report says, community services for elderly patients were improved after “any willing providers” were sought to reorganise them. The …
Recurrent ventricular fibrillation in mianserin intoxication.
Authors: W E Haefeli, R A Schoenenberger, A Scholer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

distress proves intractable, often due to concurrent if not primary personality disorder or substance abuse, or both, and who face a lifetime of desola- tion.Such people are understandably those most likely to take their own lives.'Surely this small group-once thorough, appropriate treatment has failed-should be allowed the peace of death at their own hand, without guilt on the part of themselves or their doctor, if that is their unwaver- ing choice.Such decisions can be regarded as rational'; even an apparently self defeating act may represent the only opportunity for the powerless to exercise their will in an oppressive and alien world.9In Japan ritual suicide is socially acceptable and is regarded as a final pathway to mastery and self esteem.'°OurChristian heritage has left us morbidly prejudiced against suicide, illustrated by a long history of punitive legislation.4Now that we live in a multicultural society, attempting to end prejudice against mental affliction and to maximise quality of life, psychiatrists should seek parity with other doctors in feeling free to discuss death with dignity and the ethics ofeuthanasia.When patients say they would be better off dead they may sometimes be right.
Galactose-PEG dual conjugation of β-(1→3)-d-glucan schizophyllan for antisense oligonucleotides delivery to enhance the cellular uptake☆
Authors: Ryouji Karinaga, Takahisa Anada, Jusaku Minari, Masami Mizu, Kazuya Koumoto, Junji Fukuda, Kohji Nakazawa, Teruaki Hasegawa, Munenori Numata, Seiji Shinkai
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Low-Level Prenatal and Postnatal Blood Lead Exposure and Adrenocortical Responses to Acute Stress in Children
Authors: Brooks B. Gump, Paul Stewart, Jacki Reihman, Ed Lonky, Tom Darvill, Patrick J. Parsons, Douglas A. Granger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

A few recent studies have demonstrated heightened hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to acute stress in animals exposed to heavy metal contaminants, particularly lead. However, Pb-induced dysregulation of the HPA axis has not yet been studied in humans.In this study, we examined children's cortisol response to acute stress (the glucocorticoid product of HPA activation) in relation to low-level prenatal and postnatal Pb exposure.Children's prenatal blood Pb levels were determined from cord blood specimens, and postnatal lead levels were abstracted from pediatrician and state records. Children's adrenocortical responses to an acute stressor were measured using assays of salivary cortisol before and after administration of a standard cold pressor task.Pb exposure was not associated with initial salivary cortisol levels. After an acute stressor, however, increasing prenatal and postnatal blood Pb levels were independently associated with significantly heightened salivary cortisol responses.Our results suggest that relatively low prenatal and postnatal blood lead levels--notably those below the 10 microg/dL blood lead level identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for public health purposes--can alter children's adrenocortical responses to acute stress. The behavioral and health consequences of this Pb-induced HPA dysregulation in children have yet to be determined.
Clinical Aspects of Atypical Coronary Disease
Authors: K. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Brief reference is given to hormone assays which have been carried out at King's College Hospital, and their possible prognostic significance indicated.Premature termination of pregnancy before the end of the 37th week is recommended, and the relative places of caesarean section and induction of labour are discussed.The importance of hyaline membrane disease as a cause of neonatal death and its possible relation to intra- uterine anoxia are explained.
Sex Therapy: A Practical Guide
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book, written by a British psychiatrist, lives up to its title as a practical guide to sex therapy by providing a detailed format for the behavioral approach to assessing and treating problems of psychosexual dysfunction. The author notes the advances in the field over the last 20 years, emphasizing the work of Masters and Johnson. He provides a thorough review of the physiology of sexual response, helpful charts of physiological and pharmacologic factors contributing to dysfunction, and an interesting assessment of outcome studies. It is appropriate for novices in the area of sex therapy who are nonetheless highly experienced psychotherapists. Those clinicians could take advantage of the clear, helpful descriptions of sex therapy approaches. A weakness of the volume, however, is the insufficient attention paid to the psychodynamics frequently associated with sexual dysfunction. Dr Hawton categorically states that "it is totally inappropriate for a person to be in both
Future perspectives on the treatment of cognitive deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Donald C. Goff
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

Drug discovery based on classic models for cognitive impairment and negative symptoms of schizophrenia have met with only modest success. Because cognitive impairment and negative symptoms may result from disruptions in neurodevelopment, more complex developmental models that integrate environmental and genetic risk factors are needed. In addition, it has become clear that biochemical pathways involved in schizophrenia form complex, interconnected networks. Points at which risk factors converge, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein kinase B (AKT), and from which processes involved in neuroplasticity diverge, are of particular interest for pharmacologic interventions. This paper reviews elements of neurodevelopmental models for cognitive deficits and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with the aim of identifying potential targets for interventions.
Moonlighting: Wax Without the Wane
Authors: L. H. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Three years ago, the residents and interns in the community in which I trained were fighting one another for the available outside work. A few months ago, there were as many jobs available, but far fewer takers. The only difference was an increase of about $2,000 a year in house-staff salaries in all but one of the local hospitals, a demonstration that it is need, not greed, that keeps most residents moonlighting.
Donepezil helps patients with severe Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Patients with severe Alzheimer's disease who are living at home with family care givers and are treated with donepezil stabilise or decline more slowly than patients given placebo, according to a multinational, randomised, placebo controlled trial published in Neurology (2007;69:459-69).

Donepezil was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration last year for the treatment of severe Alzheimer's disease as well as mild to moderate forms. The Canadian authorities approved its use for severe forms of the disease in June 2007.

Sandra Black, of the University of Toronto and lead author of the paper, said that …
Natural killer cell numbers and function in peripheral lymphoid cells in Behcet's disease
Authors: F. KANEKO, Y. TAKAHASHI, R. MURAMATSU, K. ADACHI, Y. MIURA, A. NAKANE, T. MINAGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

We have studied NK cell activity and numbers in the peripheral blood obtained from patients with Behcet's disease and from normal healthy controls. NK cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients in the clinically-active stage of Behcet's disease was significantly lower than that of patients in the inactive stage and normal controls. In contrast, it was observed that the actual number of NK cells was markedly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with active disease. The addition of alpha-interferon (INF-alpha) to these cells showed significant augmentation of NK cell activity. These results suggest that the patients with active Behcet's disease lack a factor which activates NK cells.
The Effects of Health Beliefs on Weight Loss in Individuals at High Risk for NIDDM
Authors: Betsy A Polley, John M Jakicic, Elizabeth M Venditti, Susan Barr, Rena R Wing
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether perceived risk and other health beliefs held by individuals at high risk for developing NIDDM predict weight loss and behavior change during a behavioral weight loss program to reduce the risk of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Health beliefs and objective risk factors for diabetes were examined in 154 overweight men and women with a family history of NIDDM. The effects of these factors on adherence, dietary intake, weight loss, and changes in glucose levels were examined in a subset of 79 of these subjects who participated in a 2-year behavioral weight control program. RESULTS Those subjects who perceived themselves at highest risk of developing diabetes had a stronger family history of the disease and were more likely to be women than subjects considering themselves at more moderate risk. These participants also rated diabetes as a more serious disease, but were less likely to believe that weight loss would lower their risk. None of these health beliefs were related to attendance at meetings, dietary intake, weight loss, or fasting glucose, but higher perceived seriousness predicted larger reductions in BMI at 1 year. Of the objective risk factors for NIDDM, higher baseline BMI predicted larger weight losses throughout the program, and a stronger family history of diabetes was related to greater weight regain after an initial weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Perceived risk of developing diabetes and other health beliefs did not predict performance in a behavioral weight loss program. These data suggest that efforts to modify health beliefs by educating high-risk individuals about their risk and benefits of weight loss may not be effective in improving long-term weight loss results.
Ideas, concerns, and expectations
Authors: J Lilleker
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Yesterday I was a foundation year 1 doctor in cardiology, today I am a foundation year 2 doctor in general practice. I have my own office, computer, chlamydia screening kits, and even a secretary. I also, however, have my own patients. The problem here is that they arrive expecting to see a confident and experienced general practitioner. Unfortunately, I am neither. Luckily my tutor, who is both, is on hand to help during my consulting sessions, and also offers a weekly tutorial. 

This week the tutorial was on consultation skills, and in particular how a doctor should elicit a patient’s ideas, concerns, and expectations during a consultation. After the tutorial, …
Myocardial ischaemia produced by ergonovine-induced vasoconstriction during preexisting coronary stenosis: experimental conditions for the geometric theory
Authors: M. YOKOYAMA, S. SAKAMOTO, S. KAWASHIMA, T. OKADA, H. FUKUZAKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Experiments were designed to determine the contribution of active vasomotor tone of a large coronary artery during a preexisting coronary stenosis to the production of myocardial ischaemia. The quantitative relations between ergonovine dose and systemic and coronary haemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses during various degrees of coronary stenosis were evaluated in 55 anaesthetised open-chest dogs. In the absence of coronary stenosis, intracoronary infusion of ergonovine (0.04 to 4 μg·min−1) had no systemic or coronary haemodynamic effects. In dogs with coronary stenosis created with intraluminal microballoon occluder, ergonovine produced marked decreases in coronary blood flow and distal coronary pressure followed by a decline in left ventricular dP/dt and ST-elevation in epicardial electrogram in the presence of moderate (28±1.1 mmHg in pressure gradient) and severe (41±1.4 mmHg), but not mild (15±0.9 mmHg) stenosis. These detrimental effects of ergonovine were dependent on its dose as well as the severity of preexisting coronary stenosis. Interventions such as aspirin pretreatment or endothelial denudation did not attenuate the coronary vasomotor response or ergonovine, but pretreatment with nifedipine (3 μg·kg−1 iv) prevented this response. Intravenous injection of ergonovine (4 to 15 μg·kg−1) in doses relevant to clinical usage during intraluminal obstruction resulted in similar changes in coronary haemodynamics as those of intracoronary ergonovine. In contrast, in dogs with various degrees of coronary stenosis produced with an externally applied constrictor device, ergonovine did not affect systemic and coronary haemodynamics. These experiments demonstrate that normal vasomotion superimposed on moderate and severe pliable coronary stenosis can cause transient myocardial ischaemia, which helps to clarify the conditions to produce myocardial ischaemia according to geometric theory.
Psychotherapy: Healing by Culture
Authors: J.M. Havenaar
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Culture, defined as a system of beliefs, values and behavioral patterns, plays an important role in psychotherapy, albeit a role that most psychotherapeutic theories hardly acknowledge. Psychotherapeutic and anthropological research over the last few decades has indicated that common beliefs concerning illness and cure shared by therapist and patient are a central factor in determining illness behavior and outcome of therapy. In fact, such belief systems may account for up to 60% of therapeutic efficacy. Psychotherapy thus appears by and large to be healing by culture. Training programs in psychotherapy should therefore pay more attention to the role of culture.
Cholecystokinin cholecystography. Controlled evaluation in the diagnosis and management of patients with possible acalculous gallbladder disease
Authors: F. H. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

X-ray films of the opacified gallbladder (ipodate [Oragrafin] sodium) were taken at intervals following intravenous injection of cholecystokinin in 44 control subjects and in 74 patients with a history suggestive of gallbladder disease, but in whom routine cholecystography was normal. Abnormal results were found in 30% to 40% of the patient group, but the incidence of "false-positive" results was high in the control group (14%, 34%, and 36%, according to three radiologists). Because of continued pain, 29 of the patients were subjected to cholecystectomy. The clinical response to surgical treatment and the histologic findings in the resected gallbladders were similar in patients with "normal" and "abnormal" preoperative cholecystokinin cholangiographic studies. It is concluded that cholecystokinin cholecystography, as currently employed, is not helpful in the diagnosis and management of patients with possible acalculous gallbladder disease. (<i>JAMA</i>228:997-1003, 1974)
P932 CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY MANIFESTED BY LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION (LVDD) – A RISK FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATORENAL SYNDROME (HRS)
Authors: Y.A. Zaidi, B. Ali, A. Salim, M. Adil, A. Alam, A.K. Butt, K. Malik, J. Amin, A. Dilshad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Helen Louise Parsons
Authors: R. Tippetts
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Senior house officer in psychiatry Oxford (b Newport 1971; q Birmingham 1995), d 24 July 2002.


After graduation and house jobs, Helen embarked on a promising career in psychiatry, firstly in Shrewsbury and then in Oxford. Her compassion and insight into others made her a highly intuitive psychiatrist. Helen's cheerfulness and enthusiasm made her both popular and well respected. She was highly principled but always accepting of others' viewpoints. Having been diagnosed as having cancer, Helen's strength of 



character came into its own. She leaves a husband, Tony.