tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Remote Effects of Cancer on the Nervous System
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although malignant neoplasms have been known and studied for as long as medical records exist, only for a comparatively short time has the association of such lesions with disorders of the neuromuscular system been recognized as frequent and important. The publications on the subject have been scattered through many journals, with the result that even yet the variety of involvement can be appreciated only with difficulty. The present book brings together in one volume clear and detailed accounts of the clinical and pathologic features of all types so far recognized. Half the book is devoted to the possible mechanisms by which malignant tumors may produce effects at a distance, emphasis being placed on endocrinologic, nutritional, and immune responses. While this portion summarizes and even occasionally extends present knowledge, uncertainty still exists as to how malignant tumors produce degenerations of neural and muscular structures in the absence of metastasis to them.
SUDDEN DEATH AFTER INTRAVENOUS USE OF BISMUTH TARTRATE
Authors: George W. Raiziss
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a report of a "Sudden Death Following the Intravenous Injection of Bismuth Tartrate," by Dr. Stephen H. Curtis of Troy, N. Y. (The Journal, November 22, p. 1588) there appear a few mistakes that are liable to cause considerable confusion. In the second sentence of the fourth paragraph on page 1589, the word "suspended" should be changed to "dissolved." The name "Bismuth Tartrate" throughout this report should probably be replaced by "Sodium Bismuth Tartrate." To my knowledge, a product designated "Bismuth Tartrate" is insoluble in water. Unless such corrections are made, the value of the article is lessened. Incidentally, this article relates to a death following the intravenous injection of a bismuth compound. I have always been opposed to the employment of bismuth products intravenously, owing to their high toxicity by this route. <h3>[Comment.</h3> —On receipt of the letter from Dr. Raiziss, inquiry was made of
Depression and Abnormal Endocrinologic Tests-Reply
Authors: A. Carter Pottash
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In the evaluation of patients with presumed endocrine disorders, the presence of active major depression may, by producing falsepositive results, make the standard neuroendocrine testing protocols less useful. What may be a false-positive result for endocrinologic purposes (once ruled out) provides a reliable true-positive result for the confirmation of a psychiatric diagnosis of major unipolar depression. Psychiatric patients with major depression must be carefully evaluated for Cushing's syndrome,<sup>1,2</sup>thyroid axis dysfunction,<sup>3</sup>as well as a long list of other endocrine, medical, and neurologic illnesses. Adrenal hyperfunction is common in patients with major depression. This hyperfunction is not due to emotional distress, hospitalization, or anxiety per se but appears to be a concomitant manifestation of major depression. These depressed patients do not demonstrate clinical evidence of Cushing's disease but have diurnal cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretory abnormalities, hypersecretion, and failure to demonstrate adequate suppression in response to
Evaluation of Sensitivity and Specificity of Upper Extremity Radionuclide Venography in Cancer Patients with Indwelling Central Venous Catheters
Authors: DONALD A. PODOLOFF, E. EDMUND KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Two hundred twenty upper extremity radionuclide venograms were performed using upper extremity injection of 5 mCi of Tc-99m DTPA in each arm of patients with indwelling central lines. Evidence of obstruction was found in 123 patients, collateral flow without anatomic obstruction in six patients, and a slow-flow pattern in 12 patients. Twenty-six of these also underwent upper extremity contrast venography within 48 hours of the scan. Contrast venograms and radionuclide venograms agreed in 19 patients (16 correctly identified as obstructed, three correctly identified as unobstructed). Six patients showed the slow-flow pattern without collaterals or obstruction. Subsequently, six follow-up contrast studies showed no evidence of obstruction or collaterals. The authors conclude that obstruction with collateral flow on radionuclide venograms correctly predicts obstruction. However, the slow-flow pattern does not and should not be used as the sole criterion to diagnose partial obstruction.
Distinct Effects of Annexin A7 and p53 on Arachidonate Lipoxygenation in Prostate Cancer Cells Involve 5-Lipoxygenase Transcription
Authors: Yelizaveta Torosyan, Albert Dobi, Shanmugam Naga, Katerina Mezhevaya, Mirta Glasman, Christine Norris, Guisen Jiang, Gregory Mueller, Harvey Pollard, Meera Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumor suppressor function for Annexin A7 (ANXA7; 10q21) is based on cancer-prone phenotype in Anxa7(+/−) mouse and ANXA7 prognostic role in human cancers. Because ANXA7-caused liposome aggregation can be promoted by arachidonic acid (AA), we hypothesized that the phospholipid-binding tumor suppressor ANXA7 is associated with AA cascade. In a comparative study of ANXA7 versus canonical tumor suppressor p53 effects on AA lipoxygenation pathway in the p53-mutant and androgen-insensitive DU145 prostate cancer cells, both tumor suppressors altered gene expression of major 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOXs, including response to T helper 2 (Th2)-cytokine [interleukin-4 (IL-4)] and endogenous steroids (mimicked by dexamethasone). Wild-type and mutant ANXA7 distinctly affected expression of the dexamethasone-induced 15-LOX-2 (a prostate-specific endogenous tumor suppressor) as well as the IL-4-induced 15-LOX-1. On the other hand, wild-type p53 restored 5-LOX expression in DU145 to levels comparable to benign prostate epithelial cells. Using mass spectrometry of DNA affinity–enriched nuclear proteins, we detected different proteins that were bound to adjacent p53 and estrogen response elements in the 5-LOX promoter in DU145 cells introduced with ANXA7 versus p53. Sex hormone regulator 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 was identified under p53 introduction, which induced the 5-LOX expression. Meantime, nuclear proteins bound to the same 5-LOX promoter site under introduction of ANXA7 (that was associated with the repressed 5-LOX) were identified as zinc finger proteins ZNF433 and Aiolos, pyrin domain–containing NALP10, and the p53-regulating DNA repair enzyme APEX1. Thus, ANXA7 and p53 can distinctly regulate LOX transcription that is potentially relevant to the AA-mediated cell growth control in tumor suppression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9609-16)
Long term efficacy, safety, and tolerabilitity of low daily doses of isosmotic polyethylene glycol electrolyte balanced solution (PMF-100) in the treatment of functional chronic constipation
Authors: E Corazziari
Journal: Gut (2000)

To assess the long term therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of low daily doses of isosmotic PEG electrolyte solutions (PMF-100) administered for a six month period for the treatment of functional constipation, in a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study.After an initial four week run in period with PMF-100 (250 ml twice daily; PEG 14.6 g twice daily), 70 patients suffering from chronic constipation (58 females, aged 42 (15) years) with normalised bowel frequency (>3 bowel movements (bm)/week) were randomly allocated to receive either PMF-100 or placebo, contained in sachets (one sachet in 250 ml of water twice daily) for 20 weeks. Patients were assessed at four week intervals, and reported frequency and modality of evacuation, laxative use, and relevant symptoms on a diary card. At weeks 1, 12, and 24, a physical examination and laboratory tests were performed.Complete remission of constipation was reported by a significantly (p<0.01) higher number of patients treated with PMF-100 compared with placebo at each four week visit. At the end of the study, 77% of the PMF-100 group and 20% of the placebo group were asymptomatic. Compared with placebo, patients treated with PMF-100 reported hard/pellety stools and straining at defecation less frequently, a significantly higher bowel frequency (week 12: 7. 4 (3.1) v 4.3 (2.5) bm/week, 95% CI 1.64, 4.42; week 24: 7.4 (3.2) v 5.4 (2.1) bm/week, 95% CI 0.13,3.93), reduced consumption of laxative/four weeks (week 12: 0.7 (2.7) v 2.2 (3.3), 95% CI -2.29, 0. 03; week 24: 0.2 (0.8) v 1.4 (2), 95% CI -2.07, -0.023), reduced mean number of sachets used (week 12: 33 (13) v 43 (12), 95% CI -17. 24, 4.56; week 24: 33 (13) v 44 (12), 95% CI -19.68, -2.24), and reduced number of drop outs for therapy failure (16 v 3; p<0.005). Adverse events, physical findings, laboratory values, palatability, and overall tolerance of the solutions did not differ between groups.Administration of small daily doses of isosmotic PEG electrolyte balanced solutions was effective over a six month period for the treatment of functional constipation. A mean daily dose of approximately 300 ml of PEG solution (PEG 17.52 g) appeared to be safe, well tolerated, and devoid of significant side effects.
Adverse Hemodynamic and Clinical Effects of Encainide in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Stephen S. Gottlieb, Marrick L. Kukin, Madeline Yushak, Norma Medina, Milton Packer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of the antiarrhythmic drug, encainide, in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Design: Unblinded, before-after study. Setting: Referral center for patients with heart failure. Patients: Thirty patients with severe chronic heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%. Interventions: Invasive hemodynamic measurements were done (using a balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter) before and for 3 hours after a single oral dose of 50 mg of encainide. Measurements and Main Results: Ninety to one hundred and twenty minutes after its administration, encainide produced a significant deterioration in cardiac performance, as reflected by a fall in cardiac index from 2.3 to 1.8 L/min·m2 body surface
Prison: shield from threat, or threat to survival?
Authors: M Ross, A B Grossman, S Murdoch, R Rundey, J Golding, S Purchase, T Munyard, M Scoot, A Bridger
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The first reported HIV outbreak in a British prison, at Glenochil,1 is an alarming but not at all unpredicted event.2 Unfortunate, from the point of view of the national public health, is that prisoners do not stay in prison indefinitely - the uncontrolled spread of HIV infection between prisoners threatens the government's successful HIV control programme and presents a grave threat to the nation's health.

In this outbreak the coincident presentation of jaundice due to hepatitis B led to the recognition of HIV infection. We have no direct knowledge of conditions in Glenochil and make no comment on the prison medical service in that prison. However, as a result of our considerable experience of treating or representing hundreds of opiate dependent subjects as patients or clients we are concerned that conditions seem to be ideal for the rapid but unrecognised transmission of HIV throughout the whole of the British prison system.

We sympathise with the difficult working conditions and stressful professional relationships for doctors who work with prisoners. We also have come across individual instances of sympathetic provision of care by prison medical officers. However, more frequently described to us by former patients are feelings of injustice and antagonism towards the prison medical services. It is our view that this largely attributable to the consequences of the service enjoying the monopoly of clinical power within prisons. As it is the guardian of the prison public health and sole provider of primary care and of most secondary care, the health care service for prisoners must, in our view, assume much of the responsibility for this crisis.

Our experience is principally of West Yorkshire, but this is probably representative of the prison service nationally. There is unequivocal evidence from published and unpublished Home Office statistics*RF 3-5* that the philosophy and …
IL-4 confers resistance to IL-27–mediated suppression on CD4+ T cells by impairing signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling
Authors: Zhihong Chen, Shanze Wang, Nkiruka Erekosima, Yapeng Li, Jessie Hong, Xiaopeng Qi, Patricia Merkel, Vijaya Nagabhushanam, Eugene Choo, Rohit Katial, Rafeul Alam, Anita Trikha, Hong Wei Chu, Yonghua Zhuang, Meiling Jin, Chunxue Bai, Hua Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
DNA-Triplet Repeats and Neurologic Disease
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Beginning in 1991, our understanding of the molecular bases of nine important neurologic diseases has burgeoned. A new class of molecular disease has been identified, defined by the abnormal, unstable expansion of DNA-triplet repeats in the mutant, causal gene for each of these disorders. In this issue of the Journal, Dürr et al.1 report on a large series of patients with the triplet DNA expansion that causes Friedreich's ataxia. This report should be understood in the context of the molecular genetics of this group of neurologic diseases.The first triplet disease described was the fragile X syndrome, which has been . . .
Ethical and Scientific Implications of the Globalization of Clinical Research
Authors: Seth W. Glickman, John G. McHutchison, Eric D. Peterson, Charles B. Cairns, Robert A. Harrington, Robert M. Califf, Kevin A. Schulman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In recent years, the number of clinical trials conducted in the United States has declined, and the majority of study sites are now outside the United States, with marked growth of research in developing countries. The authors discuss the implications of the globalization of clinical research and make recommendations about how to address the challenges that have emerged.
944-116 Focal Activation Patterns of Cesium Chloride Induced Torsades-de Pointes Tachycardias
Authors: Wolfgang Schoels, Laurence D. Sterns, Julia C. Senges, Kirsten D. Freigang, Alex Bauer, Johannes Brachmann, Wolfgang Ku¨bler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
STOMATITIS FOLLOWING THE INJECTION OF MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE IN A TUBERCULOUS SINUS
Authors: Chester C. Guy
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Bunten<sup>1</sup>recently reported salivation following the intravenous use of mercurochrome-220 soluble. Because of the growing popularity of this preparation as an antiseptic and stimulant in the treatment of infected wounds, sinuses and various skin disorders, the following case report of stomatitis developing after the injection of mercurochrome into a tuberculous sinus may be of interest in emphasizing that its use is not entirely innocuous. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. M. C., aged 33, entered the Cook County Hospital in the service of Dr. F. C. Test, complaining of a tuberculous hip of fifteen years' duration. Discharging sinuses in the region of the greater trochanter had been present eight years, and various solutions and pastes injected into the openings had resulted in no improvement. These sinuses communicated, through the acetabulum, with an abscess cavity in the pelvis on the inner surface of the ilium. March 22, 15 c.c. of a 1
Head of German NICE was sacrificed to satisfy drug industry, says German health expert
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The German government has sacked the head of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWIG) to placate the drug industry, a German MP and professor alleged in an interview with the BMJ .

In January the board of directors of IQWIG, the German equivalent of the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), agreed Peter Sawicki’s dismissal, saying, “The excellent work of the institute should not be burdened with discussions about irregular administrative procedures.” Dr Sawicki had been accused of irregularities over his expenses claims, including the use of his business car and petrol for his lawnmower ( BMJ 2010;340:c499, 26 Jan, doi:10.1136/bmj.c499).

Karl Lauterbach is certain, however, that the real reason for Dr Sawicki’s dismissal is pressure from drug companies in Germany and from abroad to which the German …
USE OF INDWELLING CATHETER TO INDUCE PASSAGE OF URETERAL STONES
Authors: EDWIN BEER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In general we have at our disposal two methods for the removal of calculi from the ureter, the open operation and cystoscopic manipulation. The open operation is definitely indicated for some stubborn stones that do not respond to cystoscopic methods, especially the impacted stones that completely block the ureter, the large stones, the stones that do not move after repeated attacks of colic, and those stones associated with severe uncontrollable infection of the kidney. There are, however, good reasons for avoiding open operation, whenever there is a good chance of ridding the ureter of the stone by a simpler method. Although the operative mortality of ureterolithotomy is now almost nil, the postoperative complications early and late are sufficiently frequent to make it desirable to narrow the indications for open operation as closely as possible. Subsequent ureteritis and periureteritis causing kinks or strictures of the ureter with kidney infection may produce
Rationing health care
Authors: W. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Flexible goal-oriented behavior relies on spatial coordinate transformations and motor control mechanisms, but also on the capability to take advantage of contextual information for steering the sensorimotor machinery. Although accurate performance of a sensorimotor task requires parietal and frontal regions, their differential contribution and functional relationship with other associative regions remains obscure. We have used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure human cerebral activity associated with motor cognitive processes in the context of delayed performance of an associative visuomotor task. Movement instruction (specified by visual cues) and motor performance (specified by an auditory cue) were separated by a variable delay period. By manipulating the predictive value of the instruction cue, we distinguished delay-related activity influenced by response probabilities (motor preparation and motor inhibition) from delay-related activity unaffected by the likelihood of providing a motor response (motor intention). We found delay-related activity distributed across a cerebral network involving not only frontal circuitry, but also extrastriate and mediotemporal regions. Areas showing motor intentions and preparatory responses were spatially intermingled. Posterior parietal cortex deviated from this pattern, showing delay-related activity regardless of movement probability, but no specific preparatory responses. These results suggest that posterior parietal cortex and dorsal precentral cortex play different strategic roles in handling associative visuomotor problems. While parietal regions cover a range of potential responses defined by the task setting, precentral regions focus on a likely movement. Temporo-prefrontal regions might incorporate contextual information in the visuomotor process by defining potential and probable responses on the basis of the task contingencies.
293 PREDICTION OF POSTOPERATIVE HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY USING LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT (FIBROSCAN®) BEFORE CURATIVE RESECTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: S.U Kim, J.U Park, D.Y. Kim, K.H. Han, C.Y. Chon, J.S. Choi, K.S. Kim, S.H. Ahn, K.S. Lee, Y.H. Paik, B.S. Moon, Y.M. Moon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Activated protein C cofactor function of protein S: a critical role for Asp95 in the EGF1-like domain
Authors: Helena M. Andersson, Márcia J. Arantes, James T. B. Crawley, Brenda M. Luken, Sinh Tran, Björn Dahlbäck, David A. Lane, Suely M. Rezende
Journal: Blood (2010)
Serum levels of interleukin 6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor, as a reflect of disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias.
Authors: R Bataille, M Jourdan, X G Zhang, B Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Using a specific and very sensitive (1 pg = 1 U) bioassay, we investigated the presence of IL-6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor, in the sera of 131 subjects with plasma cell dyscrasias. 22 had monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 13 had smoldering myeloma (SMM), 85 had overt multiple myeloma (MM), and 11 had plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Significant serum IL-6 levels were detected in only 3% of the MGUS/SMM group, but in 35% of the overt MM group and 100% of the PCL group. During overt MM, IL-6 was detected in 37% of the patients at diagnosis, 13% of those with stable MM, and 60% of those with fulminating disease. These data demonstrate that serum levels of IL-6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor in vitro, correlate with disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias. Serial studies performed in 3 patients and correlative studies with labeling index in vivo in 25 patients have confirmed this concept. Taken together, this suggests that this cytokine is probably involved in vivo during the progressive phase of MM. Thus, anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies could be useful as therapeutic agents at this stage of the disease.
Interleukin-1 is essential for systemic inflammatory bone loss
Authors: K Polzer, L Joosten, J Gasser, J H Distler, G Ruiz, W Baum, K Redlich, K Bobacz, J S Smolen, W van den Berg, G Schett, J Zwerina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives: Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for systemic bone loss leading to osteoporotic fracture and substantial morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL1), are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced bone loss, but their exact roles are yet to be determined. Methods: To determine whether TNF directly triggers bone loss or requires IL1, human TNFα mice (hTNFtg) were crossed with mice lacking IL1α and IL1β (IL1 −/− hTNFtg). Systemic bone architecture was evaluated using CT scanning, static and dynamic bone histomorphometry and serum markers of bone metabolism. Results: hTNFtg mice developed severe bone loss accompanied by a severe distortion of bone microarchitecture. Bone trabeculae were thinner and decreased in numbers, resulting in increased trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analyses revealed strongly increased bone resorption in hTNFtg mice compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, IL1 −/− hTNFtg mice were fully protected from systemic bone loss despite still developing inflammation in their joints. Lack of IL1 completely reversed increased osteoclast formation and bone resorption in hTNFtg mice and the increased levels of RANKL in these mice. Structural parameters and osteoclast and osteoblast numbers were indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Conclusions: These data indicate that IL1 is essential for TNF-mediated bone loss. Despite TNF-mediated inflammatory arthritis, systemic bone is fully protected by the absence of IL1, which suggests that IL1 is an essential mediator of inflammatory osteopenia.
A third of all cancers in the UK are potentially preventable, finds review
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Disk swelling in patients with hypoparathyroidism has often been attributed to papilledema but rarely to optic neuritis. Although we are reporting a patient with hypoparathyroidism in whom optic neuritis developed, a causal relationship is not yet clear. The patient may have had ischemie optic neuropathy concomitant with hypoparathyroidism or caused by tetanic vasospasm or calcification of optic nerve nutrient vessels.