tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lubrication in hip joints
Authors: E. L. Radin, D. A. Swann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

One possible explanation for the variance of their results with ours after trypsin and hyaluronidase digested synovial fluid on the frictional resistance of joints may be that they did not appear to deactivate the enzymes before performing the lubrication tests.These enzymes have well known effects on articular cartilage, and we think it likely that the authors would have obtained similar results to what we reported previously if they had taken the above precaution.
Progenitor cell expansion and impaired hepatocyte regeneration in explanted livers from alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Laurent Dubuquoy, Alexandre Louvet, Guillaume Lassailly, Stéphanie Truant, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Florent Artru, François Maggiotto, Emilie Gantier, David Buob, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Amélie Cannesson, Sébastien Dharancy, Christophe Moreno, François-René Pruvot, Ramon Bataller, Philippe Mathurin
Journal: Gut (2015)

In alcoholic hepatitis (AH), development of targeted therapies is crucial and requires improved knowledge of cellular and molecular drivers in liver dysfunction. The unique opportunity of using explanted livers from patients with AH having undergone salvage liver transplantation allowed to perform more in-depth molecular translational studies.We studied liver explants from patients with AH submitted to salvage transplantation (n=16), from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis without AH (n=12) and fragments of normal livers (n=16). Hepatic cytokine content was quantified. Hepatocyte function and proliferation and the presence of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot or quantitative PCR. Mitochondrial morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy.Livers from patients with AH showed decreased cytokine levels involved in liver regeneration (tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-6), as well as a virtual absence of markers of hepatocyte proliferation compared with alcoholic cirrhosis and normal livers. Electron microscopy revealed obvious mitochondrial abnormalities in AH hepatocytes. Importantly, livers from patients with AH showed substantial accumulation of HPCs that, unexpectedly, differentiate only into biliary cells. AH livers predominantly express laminin (extracellular matrix protein favouring cholangiocyte differentiation); consequently, HPC expansion is inefficient at yielding mature hepatocytes.AH not responding to medical therapy is associated with lack of expression of cytokines involved in liver regeneration and profound mitochondrial damage along with lack of proliferative hepatocytes. Expansion of HPCs is inefficient to yield mature hepatocytes. Manoeuvres aimed at promoting differentiation of HPCs into mature hepatocytes should be tested in AH.
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF OPACITIES OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS.
Authors: WALTER L. PYLE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>SPONTANEOUS DISAPPEARANCE OF SENILE CATARACT.</h3> In 1900 I reported<sup>13</sup>an interesting case of this nature in a man of 73, who had marked senile changes in his circulatory system as well as prominent muscular and nervous symptoms. Several months before his first visit to me he had an attack, which was at first diagnosed as apoplexy, but later was judged severe cerebral congestion with effusion. His vision had always been satisfactory until a few months before I saw him. He distinctly stated that twenty-five years before a grayish spot came over his pupil, and he became blind in his left eye. He consulted the late Dr. Holmes of Chicago, who diagnosed mature cataract. Operation was deferred on account of the perfect vision of the right eye. Ten years later the cataract had become totally absorbed. At my first examination I found an absolutely aphakic eye with no signs of
HYPOGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTROPHY OF ISLANDS OF LANGERHANS
Authors: ARTHUR W. PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In recent years, since blood sugar determinations have become almost routine, hypoglycemia has become of increasing clinical importance. However, a review of the literature reveals that although much has been written concerning the subject there are marked variations in the blood sugar norms, the symptomatology and the etiology that are reported as characterizing hypoglycemia. It is my purpose to consider these observations, and to add to them a report of my own case, which clinically appeared to be uremia with low blood sugar estimations and at autopsy proved to be subacute glomerular nephritis and hypertrophy of the islands of Langerhans. The divergence of opinion concerning the blood sugar normal is apparent to any one who seeks to establish a norm. Sendrail and Planques<sup>1</sup>cite eight authorities who agree that any reading below 90 mg. is to be considered a hypoglycemia. Joslin<sup>2</sup>states that the average fasting normal is
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZING PROPERTIES OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Claus W. Jungeblut, Edwin W. Schultz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Marked specific contractions of the uterine horns of guinea pigs, actively sensitized, to phage-lysed Flexner bacilli or to colon bacilli, lysed by the same bacteriophage, occurred on testing either series for anaphylaxis with the homologous phage lysates. These reactions, however, were not due to an antigenic function of the bacteriophage itself, because no reaction whatsoever occurred when the same bacteriophage, propagated on the heterologous organisms, was substituted in the anaphylactic test. 2. Specific uterine reactions of marked intensity were obtained in guinea pigs, actively sensitized to intact or autolyzed Flexner or colon bacilli, respectively, by testing either series for anaphylaxis with homologous, phage-free bacterial antigens. 3. No reaction occurred by testing the uterine strips of animals, sensitized to intact or autolyzed bacilli (either Flexner or coli), for anaphylaxis with homologous phage lysates and, vice versa, there was no contraction of uterine strips sensitized to phage lysates upon contact with homologous bacterial autolysates. 4. The observations made in this paper suggest that a new and immunologically distinct antigenic complex arises from the bacterial protein after lysis of the organisms by the bacteriophage.
New Concepts in Genitourinary Tract Infections
Authors: Marvin Turck
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>The Acute Urethral Syndrome</h3><h3>JAMA:</h3> <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>recently has been discovered to be a cause of atypical pneumonia. In your investigations of genitourinary tract infections, have atypical presentations been the hiding places for uncharacterized diseases of the urinary tract? <h3>Turck:</h3> The analogy is good. In the past we assumed that if a patient with pneumonia didn't have pneumococcal infection he had atypical pneumonia. "Atypical" is the term that was used by the Acute Respiratory Disease Commission workers at the time of the Second World War. When a person had pneumonia that presented like pneumococcal pneumonia but didn't respond to administration of penicillin, then it was termed "atypical pneumonia." A good number of these atypical pneumonias resulted from<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>infection. One analogy to the urinary system is that many people have urethral discharge that doesn't respond to penicillin therapy and, therefore, it is considered atypical. Just as there are many
Stability of Specialty Preferences Among Medical School Graduates-Reply
Authors: DeWitt C. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Not all specialty options listed in the Graduation Questionnaire fit equally comfortably within primary care, specialty care, or supporting services, and we agree with Dr Petersdorf that the classification of internal medicine and pediatrics subspecialties within primary care may be unconventional. With these subspecialty branches not developing from the trunks of general medicine and general pediatrics until midresidency training, however, it seemed rational in this study of medical students to display the broad fields of internal medicine and pediatrics with their subspecialties. Another way to display these data would have been to place these subspecialties within a fourth category: medical specialties. The purpose of the study was to investigate stability and evolution of specialty preferences. The data were summarized separately for general and subspecialty internal medicine and for general and subspecialty pediatrics. It was therefore possible to analyze each of these groups individually. If one defines primary care
Detection of active kallikrein in induced blister fluids of hereditary angioedema patients.
Authors: J G Curd, L J Prograis, C G Cochrane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Six suction-induced blister fluids obtained from five patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) contained active kallikrein, whereas only two blister fluids obtained from eight normal volunteers contained small amounts of this activity. Kallikrein was present in large amounts of HAE blister fluids as assessed by its ability to liberate smooth-muscle-contracting activity from purified high molecular weight kininogen. It was inhibited by purified antibodies specific for plasma prekallikrein and also by purified C1 inhibitor, but not by antibodies specific for C1s. These observations suggest that activation of the Hageman-factor-dependent pathways occurs in the tissues of HAE patients, and once generated, active kallikrein persists in these tissues.
Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: A PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology
Authors: Cezmi A. Akdis, Claus Bachert, Cemal Cingi, Mark S. Dykewicz, Peter W. Hellings, Robert M. Naclerio, Robert P. Schleimer, Dennis Ledford
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The trefoil gene family are coordinately expressed immediate-early genes: EGF receptor– and MAP kinase–dependent interregulation
Authors: Douglas Taupin, Deng-Chyang Wu, Woo-Kyu Jeon, Kathryn Devaney, Timothy C. Wang, Daniel K. Podolsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The trefoil gene family of mucus cell–secreted proteins is a critical mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal restitution. Transcription of trefoil genes is induced during mucosal repair, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are unknown. Mice deficient in the intestine-specific peptide intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), in which colonic restitution is lethally impaired, showed reduced expression of the gastric trefoil genes SP and pS2, suggesting that trefoil peptides may individually regulate transcription of the entire family. In gastric cell lines, the trefoils were shown to act in a manner suggestive of immediate-early genes capable of auto- and cross-induction through cis-acting regulatory regions. Trefoil-mediated transcriptional regulation required activation of the Ras/MEK/MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. EGF receptor (EGF-R) activation was also necessary for trefoil auto- and cross-induction, and both spasmolytic polypeptide (SP) and ITF stimulation of gastric cell lines led to phosphorylation of EGF-R. Nevertheless, ITF and ITF-thioredoxin cell surface binding at 4°C colocalized not with EGF-R, but with CD71, which is found in clathrin-coated pits, suggesting that integration of trefoil peptide responses may occur after internalization. As EGF-R expression is itself strongly induced after mucosal damage, the trefoil/EGF-R relationship may be pivotal in the generation and maintenance of the mucosal repair phenotype.
Clinical budgeting: playing with fire?
Authors: C. Miles
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Postharvest heat treatment stimulates desiccation and browning of outer scales of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>. L) bulb to dry papery skins. Inner scales resist the heat treatment, as evidenced by high moisture levels. During heating, inner scales showed increasing soluble sugar levels followed by higher osmolarity, vs. a dramatic decrease in both in the outer scales. Exogenous feeding of outer scales with sucrose, glucose or fructose solutions before heat treatment reduced water loss during heating, suggesting a role for soluble sugars in water retention and therefore, heat tolerance. Vacuolar invertase (VInv) is a key enzyme regulating the levels of sucrose, glucose and fructose in plant tissue. <i>VInv</i>-silencing in potato plants prevented the accumulation of reducing sugars in heated leaves, increasing water loss. In onion outer scales, VInv activity increased during heating but reducing sugars decreased, possibly due to their rapid metabolism during scale senescence to form skin. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell-wall formation in outer scales during heat exposure, and upregulation of genes involved in energy-related pathways in inner scales. This study reveals the dual role of soluble sugars in different onion scales, as osmoprotectants or building blocks, under heat stress. <h3>Highlight</h3> Hexose formation in the inner scales of onion is associated with heat tolerance, while in the outer scales, the hexoses are metabolized for onion skin formation.
In Vivo Cocaine Experience Generates Silent Synapses
Authors: Yanhua H. Huang, Ying Lin, Ping Mu, Brian R. Lee, Travis E. Brown, Gary Wayman, Helene Marie, Wenhua Liu, Zhen Yan, Barbara A. Sorg, Oliver M. Schlüter, R. Suzanne Zukin, Yan Dong
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Heart rate modulates the disposition of neurally released norepinephrine in cardiac tissues.
Authors: Y Masuda, M N Levy
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

We determined the effect of heart rate on the disposition of neurally released norepinephrine from the cardiac tissues in open-chest, anesthetized dogs with complete atrioventricular block. After injecting desipramine to block the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, we stimulated the cardiac sympathetic nerves supramaximally for about 3 minutes at a mean frequency of 2.7 Hz. In one series of experiments, we allowed coronary sinus blood flow to change spontaneously in response to cardiac pacing and sympathetic stimulation. The mean coronary sinus blood flows just before cessation of sympathetic stimulation were 67.4 +/- 4.2 (SE) and 37.4 +/- 2.7 ml/min during pacing at a high (150/min) and a low (60/min) frequency, respectively. The mean norepinephrine overflow into the coronary sinus blood during steady state sympathetic stimulation was 45.0 +/- 14.2% greater during high frequency pacing than during low frequency pacing. After cessation of neural stimulation, the norepinephrine overflow decayed more rapidly during high frequency pacing than during low frequency pacing. This difference in decay rates was mainly ascribable to the difference in coronary blood flows. In a second series of experiments, we adjusted the coronary sinus blood flow during sympathetic stimulation so that the flows were not significantly different during pacing at the two frequencies. During the initial 30-second period, after cessation of sympathetic stimulation, the mean decrements of norepinephrine overflow were 95.9 +/- 21.4 and 59.2 +/- 17.3 ng/min at the high- and low-pacing frequencies, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lack of targets leads to underperformance in NHS services
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Many services provided by the NHS in England and Wales have improved over the past year, but others, including mental health, sexual health, maternity, and dental services, have “been left behind,” according to an annual report on the state of health care. The report, presented to parliament this week, said that a lack of targets or requirement to collect information in these areas may underlie the poorer performance.

It says that the NHS still has a long way to go to achieve a “patient-led” service. The annual …
Decreased Insulin Requirement and Improved Control of Diabetes in Pregnant Women Given a High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber, Low-Fat Diet
Authors: Denise Ney, Dorothy R Hollingsworth, Larry Cousins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Five quantitative measures of diabetic control [HbA1c determinations, mean 24-h plasma glucose values, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean 24-h urinary loss of glucose, and daily exogenous insulin requirement] were compared in 20 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to either a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCF) that was low in fat or to a control diet commonly prescribed for pregnancy. Eleven women followed the HCF diet and nine subjects, the control diet, from baseline entry into the study until delivery. Dietary compliance was excellent, with 78% of the women in each group rated good or acceptable. HbA1c values were similar in both groups at baseline (HCF: 11.0 ± 0.5% versus control: 10.2 ± 0.6%), with no different predelivery values (8.6 ± 0.4%). Mean 24-h plasma glucose levels improved in patients on both diets, with lower values noted in the HCF group at predelivery. MAGE values and standard deviations did not differ significantly in the two groups. Glycosuria decreased markedly in both dietary groups, but differences between groups were not significant. Improved control of diabetes on the HCF diet was achieved with significantly lower increments in insulin dose during gestation (HCF baseline: 32 ± 8 U/24 h to 66 ± 10 U/24 h versus control baseline: 27 ± 9 U/24 h to 108 ± 12 U/24 h, P &amp;lt; 0.03). Outcome of pregnancy did not differ in the two groups of patients, but women on the HCF diet gained less weight than those on the control diet (26 ± 3 lb versus 35 ± 5 lb, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Mean newborn gestational age was similar in the two groups (HCF: 37.2 ± 0.7 wk versus control: 36.5 ± 0.7 wk). Mean birth weight in infants of HCF mothers ± was 3809 ± 248 g versus 3313 ± 278 g in infants of control mothers (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We conclude that although marked improvement of diabetic control occurred on both regimens, patients on the HCF diet achieved better control of diabetes with significantly lower increments in exogenous insulin.
Compression bandaging for oedema.
Authors: H Dodd
Journal: BMJ (1970)

fibrinogen was absent, and a test for fibrin degradation products was positive.Direct spectroscopy of the blood revealed large amounts of oxyhaemoglobin and some methaemoglobin.Schumm's test revealed moderate amounts of methaemalbumin.Shortly after admission he passed large amounts of fresh blood (approximately 1 litre in all) per rectum, and despite treatment with plasma and intravenous heparin, the patient died.Post-mortem examination showed com- plete absence of clotting of the blood throughout the body with the exception of the jejunum.The aorta showed haemolytic staining of the intima.The jejunum was bluish in colour and oedematous.There was ulceration of the mucosa
Impact of double-balloon endoscopy on the diagnosis of jejunoileal involvement in primary intestinal follicular lymphomas: a case series
Authors: N. Higuchi, Y. Sumida, K. Nakamura, S. Itaba, S. Yoshinaga, T. Mizutani, K. Honda, K. Taki, H. Murao, H. Ogino, K. Kanayama, H. Akiho, A. Goto, Y. Segawa, T. Yao, R. Takayanagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

In recent years, primary gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma has been increasingly detected in the duodenum on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Primary gastrointestinal follicular lymphomas are frequently distributed to multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, investigation into the spread of follicular lymphomas in the small bowel is important in order to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy. The performance of double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) in the diagnosis of jejunoileal follicular lymphoma lesions has not been fully evaluated. We aimed to investigate the value of DBE in addition to computed tomography (CT) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of jejunoileal follicular lymphoma. DBE with biopsy was performed in seven patients with primary duodenal follicular lymphoma diagnosed by EGD, in order to investigate jejunoileal involvement. Jejunoileal follicular lymphoma lesions were detected by DBE in six out of the seven patients (three in the jejunum and three in the jejunum and ileum), whereas CT and (18)F-FDG-PET failed to detect the existence of these lesions. Endoscopic findings of the jejunoileal lesions revealed multiple white nodules and white villi, which were similar to those of duodenal lesions. DBE was more useful for the diagnosis of jejunoileal involvement in primary intestinal follicular lymphoma than CT and (18)F-FDG-PET. The use of DBE will become important for determining the most appropriate treatment for gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma.
NHS smoking cessation therapies are effective, review finds
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Intensive NHS smoking cessation treatments are effective in helping smokers to quit, new research shows.

Group treatment may be more effective than one to one therapy; and buddy support interventions, where smokers pair up to support each other, can more than double the quit rate in some types of treatment, the study in the Journal of Public Health found (doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp074).

People in some groups—younger people, women, pregnant women, and smokers from more deprived areas—seem less likely in the short term to be able to quit, the review found.

The authors of the study, …
Brief Communication: Early Appearance of Islet Autoantibodies Predicts Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Offspring of Diabetic Parents
Authors: Michael Hummel, Ezio Bonifacio, Sandra Schmid, Markus Walter, Annette Knopff, Anette-G Ziegler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: The development of type 1 diabetes mellitus is preceded by autoimmunity against islet β cells. Objective: To determine the risk for islet autoimmunity and childhood diabetes in offspring of affected parents. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: German BABYDIAB study. Participants: 1610 offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes. Measurements: Autoantibodies to islet autoantigens were measured at 9 months, 2 years, 5 years, and 8 years of age. Results: By 5 years of age, the frequency of islet autoantibodies was 5.9% (95% CI, 4.6% to 7.2%), the frequency of multiple islet autoantibodies was 3.5% (CI, 2.5% to 4.5%), and the frequency of diabetes was 1.5% (CI, 0.9% to 2.1%). The risk for diabetes was highest in offspring with multiple autoantibodies (40% within 5 years vs. 3% in offspring with single autoantibodies; P = 0.005). Progression to multiple islet autoantibodies was fastest in children who were autoantibody positive by age 2 years (P < 0.001), and progression to diabetes was inversely related to the age of positivity for multiple autoantibodies (P = 0.02). Limitations: The findings are limited to childhood diabetes in affected families. Conclusions: Childhood autoimmune diabetes is associated with autoimmunity that starts before 2 years of age.