tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limitations of Surgical Methods of Pericardial Drainage
Authors: Premindra A. N. Chandraratna
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To assess the efficacy of surgical methods of pericardial drainage in preventing the accumulation of pericardial effusion, we performed M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiograms in 26 patients before and one week after the creation of a pericardial window or leaving the pericardium open after cardiac surgery. A pericardial window was created in six patients (group 1) who had pericardial effusions. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients who had heart surgery. Echocardiography disclosed moderate or large pericardial effusions preoperatively in all group 1 patients but in none of the group 2 patients. Following operation, three of the group 1 patients had complete clearing of pericardial effusion, while three showed reaccumulation. In group 2, thirteen patients had either no effusion or a small effusion. Seven patients had moderate or large pericardial effusions that were located posterior to the heart; only one had an anterior pericardial effusion. Cross-sectional echocardiography showed posterior loculation of effusion in six of the seven patients. Pericardial drainage is not always effective in preventing accumulation of pericardial effusions. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1062-1063, 1979)
Intranasal capsaicin reduces nasal hyperreactivity in idiopathic rhinitis: a double‐blind randomized application regimen study
Authors: J. B. Van Rijswijk, E. L. Boeke, J. M. Keizer, P. G. H. Mulder, H. M. Blom, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2003)

In a recent study, we showed that intranasal capsaicin spray gives a significant and long-term reduction of symptoms in nonallergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis patients. However, in daily practice, the studied application regimen proved to be impractical because of the large number of visits required in a short period of time. In the present study, we conducted a double-blind double-dummy parallel groups trial to determine whether a more practical capsaicin application schedule is equally effective.Thirty patients were randomized into two different treatment regimens: one group received capsaicin five times on the first day at 1-h intervals. This was followed by a placebo dummy once every second or third day for a total of five treatments 2 weeks after the capsaicin application (group A). The other group (B) received the placebo dummy five times on the first day followed by capsaicin once every second or third day for a total of five treatments 2 weeks after the placebo application.The visual analogue scale scores for overall nasal symptoms, rhinorrhea and nasal blockage showed significant decrease after the start of treatment in both groups, with a significantly steeper decrease in group A. A significant reduction in cold dry air dose responsiveness was also found up to 9 months after therapy in both groups, reflecting a decrease in nasal hyperreactivity. No significant changes in safety data (smell, blood pressure, heart rate) were found.We conclude that intranasal capsaicin seems safe to use and that five treatments of capsaicin on a single day is at least as effective as five treatments of capsaicin in 2 weeks.
A Controlled Trial of Azathioprine in Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: H Yazici, H Pazarli, C G Barnes, Y Tüzün, Y Ozyazgan, A Silman, S Serdaroğlu, V Oğuz, S Yurdakul, G E Lovatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Cytotoxic agents have long been used in Behçet's syndrome, especially for eye involvement, but their effectiveness has been uncertain. We conducted a two-year randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of azathioprine (2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) in Turkish men with Behçet's syndrome without eye disease (group 1; n = 25) or with eye disease (group 2; n = 48). Corticosteroid treatment remained available to all the patients.
Reproductive pattern, perinatal mortality, and sex preference in rural Tamil Nadu, South India: community based, cross sectional study
Authors: B. B. Nielsen, J. Liljestrand, M. Hedegaard, S. H. Thilsted, A. Joseph
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To study reproductive pattern and perinatal mortality in rural Tamil Nadu, South India. <b>Design:</b> Community based, cross sectional questionnaire study of 30 randomly selected areas served by health subcentres. <b>Setting:</b> Rural parts of Salem District, Tamil Nadu, South India. <b>Subjects:</b> 1321 women and their offspring delivered in the 6 months before the interview. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of pregnancies, pregnancy outcome, spacing of pregnancies, sex of offspring, perinatal and neonatal mortality rates. <b>Results:</b> 41% of the women (535) were primiparous; 7 women (0.5%) were grand multiparous (&gt;6 births). The women had a mean age of 22 years and a mean of 2.3 pregnancies and 1.8 live children. The sex ratio at birth of the index children was 107 boys per 100 girls. The stillbirth rate was 13.5/1000 births, the neonatal mortality rate was 35.3/1000, and the perinatal mortality rate was 42.0/1000. Girls had an excess neonatal mortality (rate ratio 3.42; 95% confidence interval 1.68 to 6.98; this was most pronounced among girls born to multiparous women with no living sons (rate ratio 15.48 (2.04 to 177.73) <i>v</i> 1.87 (0.63 to 5.58) in multiparous women with at least one son alive). <b>Conclusions:</b> In this rural part of Tamil Nadu, women had a controlled reproductive pattern. The excess neonatal mortality among girls constitutes about one third of the perinatal mortality rate. It seems to be linked to a preference for sons and should therefore be addressed through a holistic societal approach rather than through specific healthcare measures. <h3>Key messages</h3> In this area of Tamil Nadu, women have a controlled reproductive pattern, with an average of 2.3 pregnancies and 1.8 living children; the average age at the birth of the first child is 20 The sex ratio at birth is 107 boys to 100 girls Girls have a substantial excess neonatal mortality, which is most pronounced among girls born to multiparous women with no living sons This excess neonatal mortality among girls seems to be linked to a preference for sons and must be addressed through a holistic societal approach
President Kennedy's Adrenals
Authors: J. Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1967)

While the late President Kennedy held public office, an aura of mystery prevailed regarding his endocrine status. During his campaign for, and brief tenure of, the presidency, rumors circulated that he suffered from chronic adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease). Credence was given to these rumors by failure of his attending physicians to deny the allegations. Since his death, speculation continues partially related to failure of federal officials to release pertinent data.<sup>1,2</sup>This is in marked contrast to the intimate details of President Eisenhower's several illnesses which were given wide dissemination in various news media. The moral and ethical issues were carefully considered by Lt Gen L. D. Heaton and his associates<sup>3</sup>when they concluded the world had a right to know of the medical details of President Eisenhower's operation for regional enteritis. President Eisenhower agreed with this. This writer also agrees that the public is entitled to knowledge of
Cluster of two cases of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F in France, November 2014
Authors: C Castor, C Mazuet, M Saint-Leger, S Vygen, J Coutureau, M Durand, M R Popoff, N Jourdan Da Silva
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

The first two cases in France of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F were identified in November 2014, in the same family. Both cases required prolonged respiratory assistance. One of the cases had extremely high toxin serum levels and remained paralysed for two weeks. Investigations strongly supported the hypothesis of a common exposure during a family meal with high level contamination of the source. However, all analyses of leftover food remained negative.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE ADOPTIVE IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY IN MICE
Authors: Franco Celada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Antibody-forming cells suspended from a mouse spleen and transferred to intact animals of the same genotype face a barrier which severely affects their capacity to implant and/or to function. This phenomenon was quantitatively studied in a model system which, utilizing the immunogenic properties of human serum albumin in mice, allows the secondary response of the transferred cells to be followed without interference from the host's own reactivity. The barrier to syngeneic transplantation was found (a) to be radiosensitive (500 R X-rays to the recipient abolishes it and insures optimal functional conditions to the donor cells) in the same order of magnitude of other mammalian systems involving rapidly dividing cell populations, and (b) to depend upon the age of the recipient: its linear rise is documented from birth time (when approximately 50% of the maximal immune capacity of the transfer is expressed) to the age of 2 months ( approximately 1 %). The significance of these findings to the immune response and to cell growth and differentiation is discussed.
Human Leptospirosis Acquired from Squirrels
Authors: S. L. Diesch, R. P. Crawford, W. F. McCulloch, F. H. Top
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN the United States leptospirosis is widely distributed in the animal population, which serves as a direct or indirect source of infection for man. Leptospirosis is a major disease problem in cattle and swine. It is also found in dogs, but occurrence in other domestic animals is infrequent. There is evidence of widespread infection in the wild-animal population. According to Roth,1 17 leptospiral serotypes and subserotypes have been isolated from 22 species of wild animals. Recently, leptospires were isolated from a frog in Iowa.2 Of the 22 pathogenic serotypes or subserotypes reported in the continental United States, cultural or serologic . . .
Effect of Gastrointestinal Hormones on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion
Authors: W. Creutzfeldt, G. Feurle, H. Ketterer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IT has been well established that the insulin response to orally administered glucose is greater than that to glucose given intravenously.1 After oral glucose, serum insulin not only rises to higher absolute levels but also remains elevated for a longer time than after intravenous glucose.2 Oral glucose administration accelerates the disappearance of a subsequent intravenous glucose load.3 Increased insulin secretion has been also observed after an oral glucose load in subjects with end-to-side portacaval shunts.4 However, insulin secretion is similar after injection of glucose into a peripheral vein and into the portal vein during transumbilical portal-vein catheterization,5 showing that portal . . .
Germany starts publishing hospital reports on internet
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Human brains have a remarkable ability to separate streams of visual input into distinct memory-traces. It is unclear, however, how this ability relates to the way these inputs are explored via unique gaze-patterns. Moreover, it is yet unknown how motivation to forget or remember influences the gaze similarity and memory relationship. In two experiments, we therefore used a modified directed-forgetting paradigm and either showed blurred versions of the encoded scenes (Experiment 1) or pink noise images (Experiment 2) during attempted memory control. Both experiments demonstrated that higher levels of across-stimulus gaze similarity relate to worse future memory. Although this <i>across-stimulus interference effect</i> was unaffected by motivation, it depended on the perceptual overlap between stimuli and was more pronounced for different scene comparisons, than scene-pink noise comparisons. Intriguingly, these findings echo the pattern similarity effects from the neuroimaging literature and pinpoint a mechanism that could aid the regulation of unwanted memories.
Mongolism Following Intercurrent Infectious Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, John A. V. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IT IS generally agreed that mongolism is not hereditary in the sense that hemophilia and color blindness are hereditary.1 , 2 Abundant evidence1 shows that the risk of mongolism is greater in mothers of advanced age than in those who are younger. There is also a higher frequency of mongolism in homozygote as contrasted with heterozy-gote twins.3 By some this is interpreted to mean that the ovum or sperm is defective. Early reports tending to implicate diseases like syphilis, tuberculosis, malaria and alcoholism2 are inadequate to explain the large majority of cases. Indeed, no one etiology has been shown for the condition. . . .
Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing capsule and double-balloon enteroscopy for identification and treatment of small-bowel vascular lesions: a prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Gabriel Rahmi, Elia Samaha, Kouroche Vahedi, Michel Delvaux, Gérard Gay, Hervé Lamouliatte, Bernard Filoche, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Thierry Ponchon, Marc Rhun, Dimitri Coumaros, Philippe Bichard, Thibault Manière, Emilie Lenain, Gilles Chatellier, Christophe Cellier
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Few data are available concerning the long-term outcome of patients treated endoscopically for bleeding small-bowel vascular lesions (SBVL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of rebleeding after endoscopic therapy for SBVLs detected by video capsule enteroscopy (VCE). The secondary aim was to assess risk factors for rebleeding. <b>Patients and methods: </b>A prospective, multicenter study (15 centers) was conducted, involving patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and SBVL on VCE who were treated during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). The likelihood of bleeding was defined according to VCE findings, as high or low. <b>Results: </b>A total of 183 patients underwent endotherapy during DBE, and 64 (35 %) had rebleeding during the 1 year follow-up period. Multivariate analysis indicated that cardiac disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.04, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.20 – 3.48; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and the presence of overt bleeding (HR 1.78, 95 %CI 1.07 – 2.97; <i>P</i> = 0.03) at presentation were associated with the risk of rebleeding. The association between chronic renal failure and the risk of rebleeding was close to statistical significance (HR 1.77, 95 %CI 0.94 – 3.33; <i>P</i> = 0.08). Kaplan–Meier analysis suggested that patients treated during DBE for a lesion with low likelihood of bleeding on VCE had higher rebleeding rates than those with a high likelihood of bleeding (HR 1.87, 95 %CI 0.94 – 3.37; <i>P</i> = 0.07). <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite long-term remission in most patients, about one-third had rebleeding at 1 year. Independent risk factors for rebleeding were cardiac disease and overt bleeding at original presentation. The lesion characteristics on VCE may be useful to evaluate the bleeding potential of the lesion and may be used for better selection of patients for DBE.
Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates the development of diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats
Authors: Hyun Joo Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Sang Kyu Park, Eun Seok Kang, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Young Chul Lee, Cheol Soo Choi, Se Eun Park, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Kwan Woo Lee, Kyung-Sup Kim, Sung Kil Lim, Hyun Chul Lee
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Explicit to whom? Accessibility, representational homogeneity, and dissociable learning mechanisms
Authors: David C. Noelle
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Distinguishing explicit from implicit knowledge on the basis of the active representation of certain propositional attitudes fails to provide an explanation for dissociations in learning performance under implicit and explicit conditions. This suggests an account of implicit and explicit knowledge grounded in the presence of multiple learning mechanisms, and multiple brain systems more generally. A rough outline of a connectionist account of this kind is provided.
It Doesn't Always Require a Medical Degree to Report Medicine's Story to the Public
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IT IS OFTEN said that the practice of medicine is like a detective story. The patient presents clues to be followed, some leading nowhere, others eventually proving crucial. Arthur Conan Doyle, MD, considered by many mystery fans to be the father of the detective story, is held to have based the character of Sherlock Holmes on one of his teachers at the University of Edinburgh. It is surely appropriate therefore that Berton Roueché, one of the best-known reporters of the world of medicine, should have received an award from the Mystery Writers of America for one of his articles describing an unusual series of cases of sodium nitrite poisoning among some New York bowery derelicts. Titled, with Holmesian echoes, "The Case of the Eleven Blue Men," the article appeared in 1947 in<i>The New Yorker</i>magazine, the publication for which Roueché has worked for more than 40 years. The award
CELLULAR SITES OF SYNTHESIS OF RABBIT IMMUNOGLOBULINS DURING PRIMARY RESPONSE TO DIPHTHERIA TOXOID-FREUND'S ADJUVANT
Authors: M. D. Schoenberg, A. B. Stavitsky, R. D. Moore, M. J. Freeman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The present studies are based on previous observations that the intravenous injection of diphtheria toxoid and complete Freund's adjuvant into rabbits resulted in an increased proliferation of cells associated with antibody synthesis; an accelerated, enhanced, and prolonged synthesis of antibody; and a lengthened interval between the appearance of gammaM- and gammaG-hemagglutinating antibodies in the circulation. The molecular species of antibodies that were synthesized by fragments of the spleens were determined by the incorporation of labeled amino acid into antibody and by binding of radioactive antigen by antibody. These studies were paralleled by determination of the presence and type of antibody within the cell by immunofluorescence. Evidence was obtained that non-phagocytic mononuclear cells in the walls of the sinusoids of the red pulp of the spleen are a major source of 19S gammaM-antibody and plasma cells in the non-follicular white pulp are a major source of gammaG-antibody. The data did not exclude the synthesis of gammaG-antibodies by the mononuclear cells, the synthesis of gammaM-antibodies by the plasma cells, or the synthesis of both antibodies by an occasional cell of either morphology. It was hypothesized that the 19S and 7S antibody responses evolved independently with the development of at least two different cell types, a mononuclear cell with capacity for 19S immunoglobulin synthesis and a plasma cell with capacity for 7S immunoglobulin synthesis.
Reduced production of interleukin 12 by interferon gamma primed alveolar macrophages from atopic asthmatic subjects
Authors: M J Plummeridge, L Armstrong, M A Birchall, A B Millar
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Asthma is characterised pathologically by an inflammatory pulmonary infiltrate rich in T helper (Th) 2 cells and eosinophils. Interleukin (IL)-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine critical for driving the development of uncommitted Th cells to express a Th 1 phenotype. Reduced pulmonary production of IL-12 may therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma by contributing to the pulmonary cytokine imbalance seen in asthma. <h3>METHODS</h3> IL-12 p70 protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and p70 protein levels and IL-12 messenger RNA in alveolar macrophage cultures from normal and atopic asthmatic subjects were measured. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was a significant difference between the mean IL-12 p70 protein level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects (37.5 pg/ml) and from normal subjects (131 pg/ml, p = 0.04). Alveolar macrophages from asthmatic subjects produced significantly less IL-12 protein (30 pg/ml) and messenger RNA than those from normal subjects (69.5 pg/ml, p&lt;0.005). These differences were not caused by inhibition of IL-12 production by IL-10 nor to generalised hyporesponsiveness of asthmatic alveolar macrophages from subjects to the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Pulmonary IL-12 production is lower in asthmatic subjects. This reduction is not the result of generalised hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ. Reduced IL-12 levels may contribute to the development of asthmatic pulmonary inflammation through dysregulation of Th cell development.
The effects of a maintenance therapy with peg-interferon alpha-2a on liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jean-Marc Chapplain, Eric Bellissant, Dominique Guyader, Jean-Michel Molina, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Philippe Perré, Gilles Pialoux, Bruno Turlin, Catherine Mouchel, Alain Renault, Christian Michelet
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
A Longitudinal Study of Plasma Insulin and Glucagon in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Peter Damm, Claus Kühl, Peter Hornnes, Lars Mølsted-Pedersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether plasma insulin or glucagon predicts later development of diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects studied were 91 women with diet-treated GDM and 33 healthy women. Plasma insulin and glucagon during a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured during pregnancy, postpartum, and at follow-up 5-11 years later. At follow-up, the women were also examined with a 75-g OGTT or an intravenous glucagon test. RESULTS Twenty-seven (30%) of the women with previous GDM had abnormal glucose tolerance at follow-up (2 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 13 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 12 had impaired glucose tolerance). Compared with the control subjects, women with previous GDM had relatively impaired insulin secretion (decreased insulinogenic index and delayed peak insulin response) at all time points investigated; this was also found when only nonobese glucose-tolerant women were examined. Low insulin secretion during pregnancy together with a high fasting plasma glucose level at the diagnostic OGTT in pregnancy and hyperglycemia during the postpartum OGTT were predictive for subsequent development of overt diabetes (logistic regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS Women who develop GDM have a relative insulin secretion deficiency, the severity of which is predictive for later development of diabetes. Furthermore, our data indicate that their relatively reduced β-cell function may be a significant pathogenic factor in relation to the high incidence of subsequent diabetes in women with GDM. This could be important in the design of follow-up programs for women with previous GDM.
Is Computed Tomography Safe?
Authors: Rebecca Smith-Bindman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Ms. C., a 59-year-old schoolteacher, awoke on September 8, 2009, with facial paralysis. In a local emergency room, she underwent computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning. The scans were normal, Bell's palsy was diagnosed, and the symptoms resolved over the next few weeks. Two weeks later, Ms. C. began losing her hair in a band-like distribution, and the following week she awoke with vertigo and confusion and returned to the emergency room, where repeat CT and MRI scans were normal. Fatigue, malaise, memory loss, and confusion began soon thereafter and have continued, making it difficult for . . .
PATIENTS WITH IVUS-DEFINED HIGH-GRADE STENOSES LEFT BEHIND AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME HAVE MORE FIBROATHEROMAS AND WORSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES DESPITE A LOWER OVERALL PLAQUE BURDEN: ANALYSIS FROM THE PROSPECT TRIAL
Authors: John A. McPherson, Akiko Maehara, Giora Weisz, Gary S. Mintz, Ecaterina Cristea, Roxana Mehran, Martin Fahy, Alexandra J. Lansky, Bernard de Bruyne, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)