tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Domestic smoke pollution and chronic bronchitis in a rural community of the Hill Region of Nepal.
Authors: M R Pandey
Journal: Thorax (1984)

An earlier study of chronic bronchitis in a rural community of the Hill Region of Nepal using Medical Research Council criteria showed a high prevalence rate that was more or less equal in the two sexes. Most of the women in the study population are exposed to domestic smoke caused by wood and straw fires used for cooking and heating purposes in the ill ventilated houses without chimneys. Data from 1375 individuals were analysed to determine whether there was any relationship between domestic smoke pollution and chronic bronchitis. Exposure to domestic smoke was assessed according to the average time per day spent near the fireplace. The association between chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking was confirmed. In female nonsmokers and smokers and past smokers of both sexes crude and age adjusted prevalence rates for chronic bronchitis were significantly associated with increasing exposure to domestic smoke. In the living conditions existing in the rural Hill Region of Nepal domestic smoke pollution is an important contributing factor in the development of chronic bronchitis.
P350The stem cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of II diabetic rats have an impaired angiogenic function
Authors: R Ferrer-Lorente, MT Bejar, G Arderiu, L Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic option for treating ischemic events. The proangiogenic effects of transplanted stem/progenitor cells are critical for their capacity to contribute to significant functional improvement. However, it has been shown that diabetes affects several cell populations that have been suggested to promote neovascularization, as circulating endothelial and bone marrow derived progenitor cells, limiting their therapeutic potential. The impact of diabetes on adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study we explored in depth the functional consequences of diabetes on the angiogenic potential of ASCs.

Methods: ASCs were isolated and cultured from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats (ASCsZDF) and their non-diabetic controls (ASCsZLC). ASCs phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry and real time PCR. To assess the proangiogenic activity of ASCs, the in vitro and in vivo ability to form new vessels was investigated by endothelial cell differentiation (ECD), in vivo matrigel plug angiogenesis (iMPA) assay and hindlimb ischemia (HLI) murine model. Their paracrine effects on human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) migration were evaluated by in vitro wound healing assay carried out in a confluent ASCs and HMEC-1 coculture system.

Results: The angiogenic potential of ASCsZDF was significantly reduced over that of ASCsZLC. ECD was significantly impaired and the ability to develop capillary-like networks in vitro was reduced in ASCsZDF (p=0.01). Wound healing assay showed that ASCsZLC induced the polarized migration of HMEC-1, whereas in cocultures with ASCsZDF HMEC-1 displayed a greatly reduced migration. Consistently, ASCsZDF showed an impaired capacity to stimulate newly formed microvessels in vivo. The iMPA-ASCsZLC-neovessels had significantly higher content of haemoglobin than iMPA-controls without cells (p-value=0.0239) that had similar content than iMPA- ASCsZDF-neovessels. Consistently, a higher level of von Willebrand factor was evident in the neovascularized-plugs of the iMPA-ASCsZLC. In the HLI murine model, ASCsZDF showed a reduced ability to induce new capillaries formation.

Conclusions: The present study reveals by in vitro and in vivo models that diabetes induces an impaired angiogenic potential on the stem cells repository maintains in their subcutaneous fat storage. Diabetic ASCs have a limited capacity to improve neovascularization in autologous stem cells therapy.
Dyslipidemia in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: BARBARA V. HOWARD, WILLIAM JAMES HOWARD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

IN CONTRAST to other chronic diseases, non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is increasing in prevalence in the United States (1). Of the many sequelae of this disease, one of the most significant is accelerated atherosclerotic vascular disease, the leading cause of death among patients with NIDDM (2). One of the most important factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease in NIDDM is the alterations in lipoproteins that accompany NIDDM (3). It is therefore important to understand the etiology of dyslipidemia in NIDDM and strategies for its control. This chapter will summarize the basics of lipoprotein metabolism, review the alterations in lipoprotein composition and metabolism that occur in individuals with NIDDM, and outline potential therapeutic approaches to management of these lipid disorders. II. Lipoprotein Metabolism (Fig. 1) Lipoproteins are spherical particles containing a central core of nonpolar lipids (cholesterol esters, triglycerides) and a surface monolayer of phospholipids and apoproteins. Free cholesterol is present primarily in the surface monolayer.
REACTIONS BETWEEN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND A COMPONENT OF ALLANTOIC FLUID
Authors: Paul H. Hardy, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Evidence is presented which shows that there is a component present in normal allantoic fluid, probably mucoprotein in nature, capable of combining with influenza A virus (PR8), and that following combination between this component and the virus only partial dissociation of the complex occurs. Evidence is also presented which strongly suggests that the component is present in virus-infected allantoic fluid in which it is in part combined with the virus and in part free although altered by viral action. The probability that the component is present as well in highly purified preparations of influenza virus, and its effect upon various reactions obtained with this agent are discussed.
Disease and Disorder-Reply
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1962)

I am grateful to Dr. Roney for his criticism of my views on the distinction between disease and disorder. I, too, believe that we have advanced "beyond the germ theory" of disease, and that is precisely the reason why I believe it helpful to distinguish between malfunctions which are due to "germs" and those which are otherwise produced. I quite appreciate Dr. Roney's desire to maintain a rather broad conception of disease, but it seems to me that it is not really helpful to lump together in the same category a disease such as tuberculosis, which is due to a bacillus, and a disorder such as sickle-cell anemia which is due to an inborn error of metabolism in which a single glutamic acid has been replaced by a valine unit. The recognition that the one is, at least in part, due to a germ, while the other is not, is,
Psychiatrists' Relationships With Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Thomas R. Insel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutaneous Abscesses
Authors: Harvey W. Meislin, Stephen A. Lerner, Michael H. Graves, Michael D. McGEHEE, Frank E. Kocka, Josephine A. Morello, Peter Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Specimens from 135 cutaneous abscesses in outpatients were cultured anaerobically and aerobically. Of these, 4% were sterile and 29% yielded pure cultures, predominantly of Staphylococcus aureus. Aerobic species were isolated from all anatomic areas. Anaerobes were found with a frequency comparable to aerobes in all nonperineal areas except the hand. In contrast, abscesses in the perineal region contained a greater variety and frequency of anaerobes. Only two patients were febrile. All abscesses were treated with incision and drainage, and all healed without complication, including those 74% that were treated without adjunctive antibiotics. Primary management of cutaneous abscesses should be incision and drainage. In general, routine culture and antibiotic therapy are not indicated for localized abscesses in patients with presumably normal host defenses.
The Exploration of the Effectiveness of Group Therapy through an Internet Chat as Aftercare: A Controlled Naturalistic Study
Authors: Valiollah Golkaramnay, Stephanie Bauer, Severin Haug, Markus Wolf, Hans Kordy
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Modern communication technologies offer novel opportunities for the provision of stepped care for patients with mental disorders. This study investigated the effectiveness of group therapy delivered through an Internet chat following inpatient treatment. The main goal of the program was to reduce the risk of losing the therapeutic benefits achieved during the preceding inpatient treatment. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 114 patients participated in one of two parallel groups of 8–10 patients that met with a group therapist in an Internet chat room. The groups met weekly for 12–15 weeks for 90 min. Controls were 114 patients who did not participate in the chat groups and were matched by application of propensity score methods. The main criterion was derived from comprehensive assessments of changes in health status comprising the psychological and physical condition of the patients. Assessments were conducted at admission, discharge and 12 months after discharge. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; 12 months after discharge, chat participants showed a substantially lower risk (24.7%) for negative outcome than controls (38.5%). Furthermore, the low dropout rate and the high session attendance supported the expectation that this novel offer met patients’ needs, and thus, opens a new avenue for the optimization of care for patients with mental disorders.
The Curation of Genetic Variants: Difficulties and Possible Solutions
Authors: Kapil Raj Pandey, Narendra Maden, Barsha Poudel, Sailendra Pradhananga, Amit Kumar Sharma
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract The curation of genetic variants from biomedical articles is required for various clinical and research purposes. Nowadays, establishment of variant databases that include overall information about variants is becoming quite popular. These databases have immense utility, serving as a user-friendly information storehouse of variants for information seekers. While manual curation is the gold standard method for curation of variants, it can turn out to be time-consuming on a large scale thus necessitating the need for automation. Curation of variants described in biomedical literature may not be straightforward mainly due to various nomenclature and expression issues. Though current trends in paper writing on variants is inclined to the standard nomenclature such that variants can easily be retrieved, we have a massive store of variants in the literature that are present as non-standard names and the online search engines that are predominantly used may not be capable of finding them. For effective curation of variants, knowledge about the overall process of curation, nature and types of difficulties in curation, and ways to tackle the difficulties during the task are crucial. Only by effective curation, can variants be correctly interpreted. This paper presents the process and difficulties of curation of genetic variants with possible solutions and suggestions from our work experience in the field including literature support. The paper also highlights aspects of interpretation of genetic variants and the importance of writing papers on variants following standard and retrievable methods.
Abstract B65: IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in melanoma.
Authors: Panagiotis Karagiannis, Amy E. Gilbert, Debra H. Josephs, Niwa Ali, Tihomir Dodev, Louise Saul, Luke Roberts, Emma Beddowes, Alexander Koers, Silvia Ferreira, Jenny L.C. Geh, Ciaran Healy, Mark Harries, Carl Hobbs, Philip J. Blower, Tracey Mitchell, David Fear, James F. Spicer, Katie E. Lacy, Frank O. Nestle, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Host-induced antibodies and their contributions to cancer inflammation are largely unexplored. IgG4 subclass antibodies are present in IL-10-driven Th2 type immune responses in a range of inflammatory conditions. Since Th2-biased inflammation is a hallmark of tumor microenvironments, we investigated the presence and functional implications of IgG4 in malignant melanoma. We found that CD22+ B cells and IgG4+ infiltrating cells accumulated in melanoma lesions. When compared to B cells from patient lymph nodes and blood, tumor-associated B cells were polarized to produce IgG4. Consistent with modified Th2-biased inflammation and in situ production of IgG4, we detected IL-10 and IL-4 cytokine mRNA in melanoma lesions. Tumor cells enhanced IL-10, IL-4 and VEGF secretion and production of IgG4 by B cells ex vivo. Despite accumulation in tumors, and in contrast to IgG1, an engineered tumor antigen-specific IgG4 was ineffective in triggering effector cell-mediated tumor killing in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with IgG4 significantly impaired the potency of tumoricidal IgG1 in a human melanoma xenograft mouse model. These findings suggest that IgG4 promoted by tumor-induced Th2-biased inflammation may restrict effector cell functions by blocking of FcgammaRI against tumors, providing a novel perspective on tumor-induced immune escape and a basis for biomarker development and patient-specific therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Panagiotis Karagiannis, Amy E. Gilbert, Debra H. Josephs, Niwa Ali, Tihomir Dodev, Louise Saul, Luke Roberts, Emma Beddowes, Alexander Koers, Silvia Ferreira, Jenny L.C. Geh, Ciaran Healy, Mark Harries, Carl Hobbs, Philip J. Blower, Tracey Mitchell, David Fear, James F. Spicer, Katie E. Lacy, Frank O. Nestle, Sophia N. Karagiannis. IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B65.
The pulmonary extracellular lining.
Authors: G George, G E Hook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the pulmonary extracellular lining may underlie some disease conditions induced by toxic agents, especially those which interfere with the formation of pulmonary surfactant. The extracellular lining could be used to detect and monitor damage and disease caused by agents toxic to the lungs. The lining contains many hydrolytic enzymes which may act to detoxify certain toxic agents such as those which contain ester groups. The pulmonary extracellular lining could play a significant role mediating the toxic action of inhaled agents as well as the removal of those agents from the lungs.
Response to the Letter Regarding Article, “Evaluation of Dose-Related Effects of Aspirin on Platelet Function: Results From the Aspirin-Induced Platelet Effect (ASPECT) Study”
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Kevin P. Bliden, Joseph DiChiara, Tania Gesheff, Srivasavi K. Chaganti, Amena Etherington, Udaya S. Tantry, Justin Newcomer, Willy Weng, Nagaraj K. Neerchal
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Splenic Infarction Mimicking a Necrotizing Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Holger Brockmann, Alexandra Schmiedel, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 67-year-old woman with a history of malignant melanoma in the right lower leg for 7 years without any known metastases was hospitalized for evaluation of severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a suspected splenic mass. F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging showed a large photopenic area in the same region surrounded by a circular area of high FDG uptake. It could not be definitely differentiated between a splenic infarction and a necrotizing metastasis of malignant melanoma or other malignancies. Subsequent splenectomy revealed an infected splenic infarction.
The Absence of Coronary Calcification Does Not Exclude Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease or the Need for Revascularization in Patients Referred for Conventional Coronary Angiography
Authors: Ilan Gottlieb, Julie M. Miller, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Marc Dewey, Melvin E. Clouse, Leonardo Sara, Hiroyuki Niinuma, David E. Bush, Narinder Paul, Andrea L. Vavere, John Texter, Jeffery Brinker, João A.C. Lima, Carlos E. Rochitte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The road to hell
Authors: S. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Played out against a menacing backdrop of motorways and barren landscapes is an almost medieval tale of serial murder and sacrificial sex. A solitary figure, Eunice, played by Amanda Plummer, wanders distractedly in search of a delusional lover, Judith. Her body is pierced and tattooed, her clothes are an assortment of styles and sizes. She has the skin of the homeless and the maniacally ill: tarnished, red, and abraded. Eunice tends to accumulate corpses. Early on she acquires an acolyte in Saskia Reeve's character, …
Atopy and systemic reactions to drugs
Authors: E. Haddi, D. Charpin, M. Tafforeau, G. Kulling, A. Lanteaume, J. P. Kleisbauer, D. Vervloet
Journal: Allergy (1990)

To elucidate whether systemic reactions (SR) to drugs should be included in the atopic status in epidemiological studies, we compared the distribution of atopy in subjects with or without a history of SR to drugs. The studied population comprised 2067 adults, 20 to 60 years old, visiting a health care center for a check‐up examination. The protocol included a questionnaire related to history of SR to drugs and a Phadiatop ® test which evaluates on a blood sample the presence of specific IgE against common aeroallergens. Overall, 14.7% of the study group, including 66% women, reported reliable histories of SR to drugs. The cumulative prevalence of asthma, hay fever and childhood dermatitis was higher in the SR group. By contrast, the percentage of positive Phadiatop tests was similar in subjects with or without a history of SR. Thus atopy, defined by an objective criterion, i.e. the presence of specific IgE against common aero‐allergens, is not associated with the occurrence of SR to drugs. Such a history should not be included as part of the atopic status.
The Cushing Syndromes: Changing Views of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: ERNEST M. GOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Cushing's syndrome is the common clinical presentation of three unique disorders that give rise to hypercortisolism. In most cases neoplasms underly each of these disorders. Clinical features are highly variable and not accounted for by cortisol alone; indeed, the multihormonal basis for much of the clinical syndrome remains uncertain. Demonstration of sustained, excessive cortisol production is essential and depends on a pattern of repeated measurements and several different procedures. Plasma adrenocorticotropin, although not helpful in establishing the diagnosis, has proved valuable in differentiating the three major entities that cause hypercortisolism. The renewed significance of pituitary microadenomas and their improved detection by sella tomography has accompanied recent, impressive advances in transsphenoidal microsurgery. This may become the preferred treatment for pituitary Cushing's syndrome in the adult, particularly where the appropriate equipment and skills are available; for children, external pituitary irradiation seems to offer safe and effective therapy.
High-flux mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking, a specialized function of the adrenal cortex
Authors: Colin Jefcoate
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The adrenal cortex is a tissue of excess in terms of both cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol exchange with the circulation. Exceptionally high levels of lipoprotein receptors in this highly vascularized tissue provide ready access to dietary cholesterol, allowing the adrenocortical cells to maintain impressive stores of cytoplasmic cholesterol ester (CE) droplets. Tightly packed among the CE droplets are specialized mitochondria, carrying in their inner membranes high levels of the cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1).

This enzyme carries out the so-called side chain cleavage reaction, consuming cholesterol to produce pregnenolone, the precursor of cortisol and all other steroids. Glucocorticoid synthesis is tightly regulated at the level of cholesterol metabolism, which responds to ACTH stimulation over a period of minutes and ceases equally quickly when this hormone is removed. Remarkably, this dynamic process is modulated under most circumstances not by control of the intrinsic enzymatic activity of P450scc, but rather by substrate availability. For this reason, cholesterol transport within the mitochondrion has emerged as the key control point for steroidogenesis.

The adrenal cortex is not alone in requiring efficient and controlled delivery of cholesterol into mitochondria. Other steroidogenic cells, including several cell types in the ovary, the Leydig cells of the testis, and a subset of hippocampal neurons (1), also employ P450scc to produce pregnenolone and a variety of downstream steroid hormones or neurosteroids. In vertebrates ranging from birds and fish (2) to mammals, these various cell types all express a short-lived mitochondrial import factor now called the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which mediates this process. Here, I examine the often confusing literature on StAR’s mechanism of action, particularly in light of recent work establishing the importance of other players, and I present a model for StAR’s interaction with cholesterol and with some of these other proteins. I also discuss the insights into mitochondrial function that have come from the analysis of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), who lack this factor. Finally, I consider the multi-tiered regulation of StAR and related proteins in adrenocortical cells and other steroidogenic cell types.