tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential relationships between basal and post-load insulin resistance indices and hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Giovanni Targher, Giacomo Zoppini, Michele Muggeo
Journal: Gut (2008)

We read with interest the recent article by Svegliati-Baroni et al ( Gut 2007; 56 :1296–301) regarding the differential relationships between different indices of insulin resistance and the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with various degrees of glucose tolerance.

Notably, they found that post-load insulin resistance (by the oral glucose sensitivity index, OGIS) was independently associated with advanced fibrosis in both NAFLD and CHC, whereas the degree of basal insulin resistance (by the homeostasis model assessment, HOMA) was not. They conclude that OGIS index is an easy and reliable tool to identify patients with insulin resistance-associated hepatic fibrosis, and should be part of the general screening in these patients.

OGIS requires glucose …
<i>Panic</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypothesis: excessive bronchoconstriction in asthma is due to decreased airway elastance
Authors: AM Bramley, RJ Thomson, CR Roberts, RR Schellenberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Based on the strikingly different mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle preparations of different species, we hypothesized that a decrease in the elastance of nonmuscle elements within airway walls of asthmatics reduces the load limiting smooth muscle shortening, thereby allowing excessive smooth muscle shortening and bronchoconstriction. Full thickness, circumferentially cut, lobar bronchial preparations were obtained from one asthmatic and six nonasthmatic lobectomy subjects. Passive tension of the asthmatic preparation was less than that for any nonasthmatic preparation at all lengths below that for optimal force generation (Lmax). Maximal isometric force generation was greater in the asthmatic specimen (2.32 g) than in the nonasthmatic specimens (0.90 +/- 0.15 g), with stress threefold higher for the asthmatic tissue. Isotonic shortening of the asthmatic preparation was strikingly greater at starting lengths less than or equal to Lmax, with maximal fractional shortening being 31% versus 11 +/- 2% for nonasthmatic preparations. Morphometric analysis revealed no differences in cross-sectional areas of smooth muscle for asthmatic versus nonasthmatic preparations. We conclude that the reduced tissue elastance may account for the greater muscle shortening by placing a lesser load upon the smooth muscle. Airway inflammation in asthma may alter connective tissue matrix elements within airway walls leading to this decreased elastance and excessive smooth muscle shortening.
Acoustic Rhinometry in Rhinological Practice: Discussion Paper
Authors: Edward W Fisher, Valerie J Lund, Glenis K Scadding
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Acoustic rhinometry is a new technique which evaluates nasal obstruction by analysing reflections of a sound pulse introduced via the nostrils. The technique is rapid, reproducible, non-invasive and requires minimal cooperation from the subject. Unlike rhinomanometry it does not require airflow. A graph of nasal cross-sectional area as a function of distance from the nostril is produced, from which several area and volume estimates of the nasal cavity can be derived. The reliability of the method is greatest in the anterior nasal cavity, which is the site of the nasal valve. We have applied the technique to the study of normal nasal physiology in adults and children and to a range of pathological conditions. The role of acoustic rhinometry in diagnosis is somewhat limited compared to nasal endoscopy, but it is useful for nasal challenge and for quantifying nasal obstruction. Monitoring of medical and surgical therapy is a more promising application. In future, acoustic rhinometry is likely to be of particular help in evaluating childhood nasal obstruction, as it is well tolerated by children as young as 3 years old-a group of patients to whom objective tests have hitherto been difficult to apply.
Endogenous Oncornaviruses in Chemically Induced Transformation. II. Effect of Virus Production In Vivo 2
Authors: Robert C. Nowinski, Elizabeth C. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

C3H/HeJ and AKR/J mice differed in their susceptibility to 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcomagenesis (86% incidence of sarcomas in C3H by 18 wk; 5% incidence in AKR by 18 wk) and in the production of endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV) (AKR produced >105 plaque-forming units/ml tail extract in XC test; C3H did not produce detectable virus). A genetic cross between C3H and AKR mice was examined to determine the relationship of virus production to oncogenesis by MCA. Mice of the (C3H × AKR)F1 × C3H backcross were typed for the production of infectious MuLV by tail biopsy and then inoculated with MCA. Of the backcross mice, 81% produced high titers of ecotropic MuLV; the remaining 19% did not contain detectable infectious MuLV. The virus-producing and non-virus-producing backcross mice were equally sensitive and highly susceptible to MCA-induced sarcomagenesis. Tumors of all virus-positive mice contained infectious MuLV. Some tumors (54%) of virus-negative mice also contained infectious MuLV; this indicated the induction of endogenous MuLV in the tumors of these mice. We concluded that the overt production of MuLV in mice of this backcross did not function in the sensitivity of the mice to sarcoma induction by MCA. Furthermore, the presence of virus in some chemically induced tumors was due to an induction phenomenon independent of the primary oncogenic event.
Efficacy and side effects of haloperidol in psychotic patients: oral versus intravenous administration
Authors: H J Möller, W Kissling, C Lang, P Doerr, K M Pirke, D von Zerssen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

It is a commonly held view among clinicians that intravenously administered haloperidol has a greater antipsychotic effect than oral haloperidol. To test this hypothesis, the authors carried out a double-blind study on patients with acute schizophrenia and patients with schizophreniform or schizoaffective (with manic features) psychoses. Using biologically equivalent doses, they found that intravenously administered haloperidol was slightly more effective during the first 3 hours; thereafter the route of administration did not make a difference in effectiveness.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Jose I. Suarez, Robert W. Tarr, Warren R. Selman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage not due to trauma. This review summarizes both the approach to establishing the diagnosis and treatment options, including the placement of intravascular coils to arrest the bleeding. Common management problems include vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and rebleeding.
Epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Sweden 2007–2011
Authors: A. Brolund, P.J. Edquist, B. Mäkitalo, B. Olsson-Liljequist, T. Söderblom, K. Tegmark Wisell, C.G. Giske
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Older people are no more likely to refuse cancer treatment than younger patients, survey finds
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

People aged 65 or over are no more likely to turn down treatment for cancer than younger people, new research by a leading cancer charity has shown.

The survey of 1500 British adults commissioned by Macmillan Cancer Support compared the attitudes of older people (aged 65 and over) and younger people (aged 55-64) both with and without cancer.1 It showed that 14% of those aged 65-74 with cancer said that they had opted not to have certain types of treatment, compared with 15% of those aged 55-64 and 12% of those aged 75 or …
Assessing the impact of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) discharge care bundle piloted on the respiratory ward on readmission rates
Authors: Bhupinder Mann, Essam Ramhamadany, Sandra Wilson, Leonel Flores, Almie Mngadi, Haidee Venturina, Jean Lee, Leny Eapen, Jesicca Wilson, Caroline Ainsworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

COPD is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, and accounts for 1 in 8 of all hospital admissions in the UK. A National UK audit (2008) showed that 33% of COPD patients were readmitted within 3 months.   Objective:  The aim was to implement a COPD discharge care bundle on the respiratory ward in order to improve quality of patient care, ensure early follow up, and reduce readmissions.   Methods:  Using improvement methodology and regular education for healthcare professionals, a discharge care bundle was piloted for 6 months on the respiratory ward at West Middlesex Hospital. A multi-disciplinary team used a bespoke reporting tool to record weekly measures of bundle compliance. Regular project team meetings were held to assess progress.   Results:  A baseline audit of 50 patients admitted to all general medical wards was compared to 50 patients discharged from the respiratory ward using the care bundle. Results showed that referrals to the smoking cessation service in current smokers increased from 25% to 100%, written information on COPD given to patients increased from 4% to 100%, inhaler technique demonstration increased from 10% to 100%. The number of patients who were given a 4 week out patient appointment increased from 30% to 95%. All patients using the bundle received a 3 day post discharge phone call. Regional CQINN data shows a 39% reduction in 14 and 28 day readmissions, since introduction of the bundle.   Conclusion:  Implementation of a COPD discharge bundle can improve patient experience and reduce readmission rates with COPD.  The project was funded and supported by NIHR CLARHC for NW London.
Dietary habits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Dejana Vukovic, Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim was to assess dietary habits of persons with COPD in comparison with person without disease.  Methods: A stratified two-stage sample of the population of the Republic of Serbia was used. Information was obtained from interviews and measurements of anthropometry. Out of 7.673 households selected. In the households, there were 15.563 adults aged ≥20 years, of which 14.522 were interviewed, yielding a response rate of 93.3%.  Results:. More than a half of respondents ate vegetables every day, and there was no significant difference between respondent with COPD and those without. Regarding alcohol consumption there was no significant difference in binge drinking or heavy alcohol consumption between respondents with disease and controls.  Conclusion: This is an important finding because beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables on respiratory function and lower COPD mortality risk among patients have been demonstrated.
The Effect of Pyridoxin and Other B Vitamins on the Production of Liver Cancer with p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Authors: D. L. Miner, J. A. Miller, C. A. Baumann, H. P. Rusch
Journal: Cancer Research (1943)

It appears well established that the incidence of tumors resulting from the feeding of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene depends upon the character of the diet fed during the precancerous period. Factors reported to retard tumor development include liver ( i9) , yeast (I8), grain (I6), the combination of casein and riboflavin ( I I ) , the combination of protein and B vitamins ( I6) , and the combination of cystine and choline (6). Biotin (5) and cystine (25) are reported to be cocarcinogenic for this type of tumor. As might be expected, the cocarcinogenic and the anticarcinogenic effects observed depend upon the character of the basal rations fed. Casein and riboflavin are particularly anticarcinogenic when the basal diet consists of rice and carrot, or when the source of the vitamin B complex is a rice bran extract such as vitab (i6), which contains all the B vitamins in abundance except riboflavin. Thus the effectiveness of the riboflavin could be essentially fortuitous, depending upon the specific deficiency in the crude materials employed in the basal ration. The effect of the other B vitamins in the genesis of hepatic tumors is still unknown. Some effect might be inferred, however, from the observation that the split products of the carcinogenic azo dyes inhibit certain enzymes that depend upon nicotinamide coenzymes or upon thiamin pyrophosphate for their activity (IO, I2). The present study represents an attempt to determine the effect of each of the B vitamins in the production of hepatic tumors due to. p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. This, of necessity, required the feeding of highly purified synthetic diets. As in our previ-
Noninvasive Ventilation and Weaning in Patients with Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Christophe Girault, Michael Bubenheim, Fekri Abroug, Jean Luc Diehl, Souheil Elatrous, Pascal Beuret, Jack Richecoeur, Erwan L'Her, Gilles Hilbert, Gilles Capellier, Antoine Rabbat, Mohamed Besbes, Claude Guérin, Philippe Guiot, Jacques Bénichou, Guy Bonmarchand
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as an early weaning/extubation technique from mechanical ventilation remains controversial.To investigate NIV effectiveness as an early weaning/extubation technique in difficult-to-wean patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF).In 13 intensive care units, 208 patients with CHRF intubated for acute respiratory failure (ARF) who failed a first spontaneous breathing trial were randomly assigned to three groups: conventional invasive weaning group (n = 69), extubation followed by standard oxygen therapy (n = 70), or NIV (n = 69). NIV was permitted as rescue therapy for both non-NIV groups if postextubation ARF occurred. Primary endpoint was reintubation within 7 days after extubation. Secondary endpoints were: occurrence of postextubation ARF or death within 7 days after extubation, use of rescue postextubation NIV, weaning time, and patient outcomes.Reintubation rates were 30, 37, and 32% for invasive weaning, oxygen-therapy, and NIV groups, respectively (P = 0.654). Weaning failure rates, including postextubation ARF, were 54, 71, and 33%, respectively (P < 0.001). Rescue NIV success rates for invasive and oxygen-therapy groups were 45 and 58%, respectively (P = 0.386). By design, intubation duration was 1.5 days longer for the invasive group than in the two others. Apart from a longer weaning time in NIV than in invasive group (2.5 vs. 1.5 d; P = 0.033), no significant outcome difference was observed between groups.No difference was found in the reintubation rate between the three weaning strategies. NIV decreases the intubation duration and may improve the weaning results in difficult-to-wean patients with CHRF by reducing the risk of postextubation ARF. The benefit of rescue NIV in these patients deserves confirmation.
Isoproterenol induces mitogenesis in MCT and LLC-PK1 tubular cells.
Authors: G Wolf, E G Neilson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

This study assessed the effects of exogenous isoproterenol on the proliferation of the proximal tubular cell lines MCT and LLC-PK1. Both cell lines express beta-adrenergic receptors as demonstrated by Scatchard analysis of binding data, receptor-cross linking studies, and mRNA expression for beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Isoproterenol (10(-7) M) for 15 min stimulated the formation of intracellular cAMP in MCT cells (controls, 8.0 +/- 0.7; isoproterenol, 12.6 +/- 0.89 fmol of cAMP/microgram of protein; P < 0.01). This effect was blocked by the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol (10(-6) M). Isoproterenol, in a dose-dependent manner, also induced proliferation in MCT and LLC-PK1 cells, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and direct cell counts. Time-course experiments demonstrated maximal mitogenesis 48 h after a single dose of 10(-7) M isoproterenol. This mitogenic effect was mimicked by a stable cAMP analog or cholera toxin, but not by a cGMP analog, indicating that the isoproterenol-mediated growth effects are likely caused by cAMP. These results provide evidence that isoproterenol is a mitogenic growth factor for cultured proximal tubular cells. These findings may be important in the growth mechanisms involved in the proliferative remodeling of injured tubules after acute renal failure.
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department
Authors: W Pickett, S Streight, K Simpson, R J Brison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Background: There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern. Objectives: To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996–2001) for youths aged 10–24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Results: A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases. Conclusions: Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.
Hypertension and DSM-III depression in psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Judith G. Rabkin, Edward Charles, Frederick Kass
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Among 452 psychiatric outpatients, DSM-III diagnoses of major depression were three times as common among those with hypertensive disease as those without hypertension. Age, sex, chronic medical illness, and current antihypertensive medication did not account for these diagnostic differences.
Prevalence, genotyping and macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among isolates of patients with respiratory tract infections, Central Slovenia, 2006 to 2014
Authors: Rok Kogoj, Tatjana Mrvic, Marina Praprotnik, Darja Kese
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

In this retrospective study we employed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyse the occurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTI) in the Central Region of Slovenia between January 2006 and December 2014. We also used a culture and pyrosequencing approach to genotype strains and infer their potential macrolide resistance. Of a total 9,431 tested samples from in- and out-patient with RTI, 1,255 (13%) were found to be positive by M. pneumoniae PCR. The proportion of positive samples was 19% (947/5,092) among children (?16 years-old) and 7% (308/4,339) among adults (&gt;16 years-old). Overall, among those PCR tested, the highest proportions of M. pneumoniae infections during the study period were observed in 2010 and 2014. In these two years, 18% (218/1,237) and 25% (721/2,844) of samples were positive respectively, indicating epidemic periods. From the 1,255 M. pneumoniae PCR-positive samples, 783 (614 from paediatric and 169 from adult patients) were successfully cultured. Of these, 40% (312/783) were constituted of strains belonging to the P1 type II genomic group, while 60% (469/783) contained strains of the P1 type I group. Two isolates comprised both P1 type I and II strains. Results of a genotype analysis by year, showed that the dominant M. pneumoniae P1 type during the 2010 epidemic was P1 type II (82% of isolates; 81/99), which was replaced by P1 type I in the 2014 epidemic (75%; 384/510). This observation could indicate that the two epidemics may have been driven by a type shift phenomenon, although both types remained present in the studied population during the assessed period of time. Only 1% of strains (7/783) were found to harbour an A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, which confers macrolide resistance, suggesting that the occurrence of M. pneumoniae macrolide resistance still seems to be sporadic in our geographic area.
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by spores of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: A Cox, HT Folgering, LJ van Griensven
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Four mushroom workers have developed an extrinsic allergic alveolitis, after working with the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). After provocation with aerosolized spores under laboratory conditions, the four patients showed the complaints of an extrinsic allergic alveolitis; a rise of body temperature, leucocytosis and changes of lung function parameters were observed. Antibodies against the spores were assessed in the blood of these patients.
Lung function in never smoking patients with alpha1antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: R.A. Stockley, R.G. Edgar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction   Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a recognised susceptibility factor for the development of COPD although the natural history in the absence of smoking is poorly documented.   Method   We assessed the FEV1 (% predicted) and Kco (% predicted) in 202 never smokers referred to the UK AAT database and compared the data to their age at assessment for individuals    Results   The patients age ranged from 16-76 years and a significant negative correlation was present for FEV1 vs. age (r=0.422; p  Over 45 years age (n=143) the average FEV1 was 76.7 ± 2.7% predicted and Kco was 69.4 ± 1.7% predicted. However 49.7% and 38.0% of patients still had FEV1 and Kco respectively within the normal range.   Conclusion   Although AATD influences lung function independently of smoking there is a wide range of impact on physiology which remains normal in many patients suggesting other epigenetic influences.  This poster was funded by an unlimited educational grant from Grifols.