tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global transcriptional response to interferon is a determinant of HCV treatment outcome and is modified by race
Authors: Xiao-Song He, Xuhuai Ji, Matthew B. Hale, Ramsey Cheung, Aijaz Ahmed, Yaqian Guo, Garry P. Nolan, Lawrence M. Pfeffer, Teresa L. Wright, Neil Risch, Robert Tibshirani, Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Interferon (IFN)-α–based therapy for chronic hepatitis C is effective in fewer than 50% of all treated patients, with a substantially lower response rate in black patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the underlying host transcriptional response associated with interferon treatment outcomes. We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic hepatitis C patients before initiation of IFN-α therapy and incubated the cells with or without IFN-α for 6 hours, followed by microarray assay to identify IFN-induced gene transcription. The microarray datasets were analyzed statistically according to the patients' race and virological responses to subsequent IFN-α treatment. The global induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was significantly greater in sustained virological responders compared with nonresponders and in white patients compared with black patients. In addition, a significantly greater global induction of ISGs was observed in sustained virological responders compared with nonresponders within the group of white patients. The level of IFN-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 activation, a key component of the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway, correlated with the global induction of ISGs and was significantly higher in white patients than in black patients. In conclusion , both treatment outcome and race are associated with different transcriptional responses to IFN-α. Because this difference is evident in the global induction of ISGs rather than a selective effect on a subset of such genes, key factors affecting the outcome of IFN-α therapy are likely to act at the JAK-STAT pathway that controls transcription of downstream ISGs. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
A COMPARISON OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Authors: Geoffrey Southmayd, Anandi Sheth, Nima Ghasemzadeh, Arshed Quyyumi, Henry Liberman, Wissam Jaber, Anjan Deka, Lindsey Haack, Michael Massey, Chandan Devireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Isoproterenol-induced alterations in myocardial blood flow, systolic and diastolic function in conscious dogs with heart failure.
Authors: L Hittinger, R P Shannon, S Kohin, A S Lader, W T Manders, T A Patrick, P Kelly, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The effects of isoproterenol were examined in 10 conscious, chronically instrumented adult dogs with left ventricular (LV) failure after pressure overload hypertrophy induced by aortic banding at 8-10 weeks of age (LV free wall plus septum-to-body weight ratio, 8.6 +/- 0.5 g/kg) and also in eight control dogs (LV free wall plus septum-to-body weight ratio, 5.1 +/- 0.3 g/kg). Baseline values of heart rate, LV end-diastolic pressure, LV end-diastolic stress, and LV systolic wall stress were greater in the LV failure dogs (p less than 0.01), whereas the ejection phase index, rate of change of LV short-axis diameter, LV dD/dt, was depressed compared with control animals. In the control animals, isoproterenol infusion increased Vcf and LV dD/dt significantly (p less than 0.05), whereas LV systolic wall stress did not change. In the LV failure dogs, the increases in Vcf and LV dD/dt were less (p less than 0.01), and LV systolic wall stress increased (p less than 0.01). In the control animals, LV end-diastolic pressure, LV end-diastolic stress, LV end-diastolic stress-dimension ratio, diastolic radial myocardial stiffness, and the time constant of isovolumic relaxation decreased (p less than 0.05), whereas in the LV failure dogs, LV end-diastolic pressure, LV end-diastolic stress, diastolic radial myocardial stiffness, and the LV end-diastolic stress-dimension ratio increased. In the LV failure group, the endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio fell to 0.59 +/- 0.06 during isoproterenol infusion, that is, significantly lower than in control dogs (0.93 +/- 0.06). These data support the concept that potent sympathomimetic amines exert deleterious effects on systolic and diastolic function in the failing heart, potentially related to subendocardial hypoperfusion.
The R-R Interval Histogram
Authors: Donald W. Simborg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Present electrocardiographic monitoring techniques used to detect cardiac arrhythmias do not permit quantitation of the disorder of cardiac rhythm. Arrhythmias were studied by making a histogram of the R-R intervals from electrocardiographic recordings. Automatic data processing equipment has been developed to make possible the preparation of histograms from records obtained over long periods of time. The technique promises to be useful in research to quantitate the responses of the heart rate and rhythm to physiological and pharmacological interventions.
Marrow Regulation by Cell Signals
Authors: John W. Adamson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Studies with cell markers provide overwhelming evidence that acute and chronic leukemias as well as chronic myeloproliferative disorders (such as agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and polycythemia vera) are clonal disorders. That is, the neoplastic cells appear to arise from a single progenitor. In some cases of acute leukemia in adults1 , 2 and in chronic myeloproliferative disorders,3 a pluripotential stem cell is primarily involved. In these cases, erythrocytes, granulocytes and blood platelets are therefore products of the neoplastic clone.The cell markers have been used not only to determine the origin of human neoplasms but also to chart the course of disease progression . . .
Heavy-chain class switch does not terminate somatic mutation.
Authors: H Shan, M Shlomchik, M Weigert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We studied the H-chain class switch rearrangement in four groups of clonally related B cell hybridomas, to test the hypothesis that class switch terminates somatic mutation in a B cell. Using switch region-specific probes in Southern blot analysis individual mu-gamma switch rearrangement events can be distinguished. We show that clonally related IgG-producing hybridomas that differ by mutations often share a common switch rearrangement. This indicates that class switch in these cells did not terminate somatic mutation.
Long-term Survival in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Mogens Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

From June 1973 to August 1977, three hundred thirty-seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were included in randomized therapeutic trials. By February 1979, fifty-one patients (15%) had survived for 18 months, including 29 (9%) in clinical complete remission. Of the latter patients, readmitted for restaging, including bone marrow examination, peritoneoscopy, and bronchomediastinoscopy, residual tumor was found in four. Treatment was discontinued in the remaining patients; six subsequently had relapses, while three patients died, free of disease, of other causes. Sixteen patients are still alive and free of disease more than 19 to 50 months after the primary diagnosis; seven were treated with combination chemotherapy alone, including four who initially had distant metastatic disease. The remaining nine patients had regional disease and were treated with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, including prophylactic brain irradiation in four patients. Long-term survival can be achieved in a small number of patients in all stages of small cell carcinoma with intensive combination chemotherapy.
Unraveling gene-gene interactions regulated by ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Authors: Charles D Johnson, Yoganand Balagurunathan, Mahlet G Tadesse, M Hadi Falahatpisheh, Marcel Brun, Mary K Walker, Edward R Dougherty, Kenneth S Ramos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The co-expression of genes coupled to additive probabilistic relationships was used to identify gene sets predictive of the complex biological interactions regulated by ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ((Italic)Ahr(/Italic)). To maximize the number of possible gene-gene combinations, data sets from murine embryonic kidney, fetal heart, and vascular smooth muscle cells challenged (Italic)in vitro(/Italic) with ligands of the (Italic)Ahr(/Italic) were used to create predictor/training data sets. Biologically relevant gene predictor sets were calculated for (Italic)Ahr(/Italic), cytochrome P450 1B1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5, lysyl oxidase, and osteopontin. Transcript levels were categorized into ternary expressions and target genes selected from the data set and tested for all possible combinations using three gene sets as predictors of transitional level. The goodness of prediction for each set was quantified using a multivariate nonlinear coefficient of determination. Evidence is presented that predictor gene combinations can be effectively used to resolve gene-gene interactions regulated by (Italic)Ahr(/Italic) ligands. (Italic)Key words:(/Italic) aryl hydrocarbon receptor, bioinformatics, gene networks, genomics. (Italic)Environ Health Perspect (/Italic)112:403-412 (2004). [Online 14 January 2004]
NON-DIPHTHERITIC PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS RHINITIS.
Authors: J. PRICE-BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

This is a non-specific inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal passages. It may be acute, chronic or recurrent, and is attended by a deposit of fibrinous exudation. This exudate presents the anatomic features of a false membrane, being imposed upon the epithelium, without involving to any great extent, the deeper tissues. That this condition should ever exist as an independent affection is still a matter of doubt with some observers. Abbott, in the "Transactions of the Pathological Society of London" (1893), says that "cultivation from the supposed false membrane of the nose always contained the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, although in some cases it was thought to be attenuated. Evidence is accumulating to show that these cases of so-called fibrinous rhinitis are merely mild local manifestations of the specific diphtheritic bacillus." Professor Kan thack, in "Allbutt's System of Medicine" (1896), says, "a curious and important pathologic condition is the so-called
Abstract 4349: Therapeutic radiation induces an epigenetic DNA methylation response
Authors: Deborah A. Antwih, Kristina M. Gabbara, Aisha Fasih, Douglas M. Ruden, Steven P. Zielske
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Therapeutic radiation results in a cascade of cellular events culminating either in repair of DNA damage and cell survival, or failure to repair damage and cell death. Gene expression is partially under epigenetic control in the form of DNA methylation. We investigated whole genome DNA methylation profiles of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells following therapeutic radiation to determine genes and pathways that are differentially methylated. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with a single dose of 0, 2, or 6 Gy and incubated at 1, 2 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hrs before obtaining DNA extracts. DNA was subjected to whole genome DNA methylation profile analysis using an Infinium BeadArray which has the ability to determine CpG methylation at 450,000 genomic sites and covering all genes. Compared to unirradiated cells, 2 and 6 Gy irradiated cells showed 419-1661 CpG sites with decreased methylation and 514-2657 CpG sites with increased methylation, depending on time and dose. The number of hypomethylated genes in 2 Gy irradiated cells increased over time while the number of hypermethylated genes decreased in the first 8 hrs and then increased to a maximum at 72 hrs. In 6 Gy irradiated cells, no pattern was detected, although there was overall more DNA methylation changes than in 2 Gy irradiated cells, indicated a dose effect. Gene ontology analysis using Genomatix Genome Analyzer showed significant changes in DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell survival pathway gene methylation. DNA repair genes were differentially methylated as early as 1 hr after irradiation and sustained through 72 hrs. Epigenetic changes persisted after DNA repair, as shown by gamma-H2AX immunofluorescence, had taken place. Cell cycle, cyclin-dependent kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes were differentially methylated 4-24 hrs post-irradiation, correlating with a G2 cell cycle arrest as determined by flow cytometry. These data suggest that epigenetic regulation in the form of DNA methylation is integrated with the cellular response to radiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4349. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4349
TCT-749 Thirty-day results after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with Direct Flow Medical valve compared with Medtronic CoreValve and Edwards Sapien XT valve
Authors: Stylianos A. Pyxaras, Yuan Zhang, Alexander Wolf, Illkyu-Oliver Lee, Christoph Johann, Thomas Schmitz, Christoph Naber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Urine Free-Cortisol Determination
Authors: Warner M. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The clinical value of urine free-cortisol (UFC) determination in the management of hypoadrenal states in patients receiving maintenance glucocorticoid therapy was assessed. Nine patients with primary adrenal insufficiency collected five 24-hour urine specimens while taking their usual oral dose of cortisone acetate or hydrocortisone. Each urine sample was assayed for UFC and creatinine. The range of UFC level for the group was from 9.4 to 43 μg/24 hr (10 to 21 μg/g of creatinine). However, for each patient the amount of UFC showed little day-to-day variation, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 8% to 26%. The UFC values of the patients with hypoadrenalism who were receiving treatment were well within the values of UFC in the control population (n=523). Four cases illustrating the usefulness of UFC determination in patients receiving an oral maintenance regimen of hydrocortisone or cortisone are presented. The UFC is a useful biochemical marker that correlated clinically with glucocorticoid deficiency or excess in patients with hypoadrenalism receiving maintenance steroid replacement. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2002-2004)
Metastatic Disease to the Thoracic Spine
Authors: AMANDA S. MOSER, ALAN SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive technique for detecting metastases, usually showing increased activity at the site of the lesion. In-III WBC scans typically show a cold defect owing to a marrow replacement by tumor. In addition, increased activity may be shown with an In-III WBC scan shortly after acute external beam irradiation. The authors report a case of an In-III WBC scan and simultaneous bone scan in a patient with an irradiated spinal metastasis from prostate cancer.
CONTROL OF NARCOTICS
Authors: C. F. Morsman
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —Following suggestions inThe Journalof recent date, we have sent a letter to President Coolidge, the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Finance of the U. S. Senate, the Secretary of the Treasury, Hon. William Williamson, Hon. W. H. McMaster, and Hon. Peter Norbeck protesting against S. 4085, which was introduced in Congress, April 24, at the instance of the Treasury Department. We have had a reply from our congressman, William Williamson, and from one of our senators, Peter Norbeck, in which they say that S. 4085 has not been called to their attention by protest before ours. They both assure us that they will look into the proposed questionable legislation. I am wondering whether you should not put forth further effort to stir physicians up in this matter.
Differences in Glucose Tolerance Between Fixed-Dose Antihypertensive Drug Combinations in People With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: George L. Bakris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Unfortunately, O'Malley, Bouldin, and Riche (1) are laboring under the impression that the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) effects, described for some angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as telmisartan, in animal and cell models, are clinically relevant (2–4); sadly, this is not the case. The authors anchor their argument on data that evaluated telmisartan on PPARγ activity but unfortunately had no comparator ARB (5). Moreover, there are no …
Older Drugs for Avian Flu
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gaseous pollutants in particulate matter epidemiology: confounders or surrogates?
Authors: J A Sarnat, J Schwartz, P J Catalano, H H Suh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Air pollution epidemiologic studies use ambient pollutant concentrations as surrogates of personal exposure. Strong correlations among numerous ambient pollutant concentrations, however, have made it difficult to determine the relative contribution of each pollutant to a given health outcome and have led to criticism that health effect estimates for particulate matter may be biased due to confounding. In the current study we used data collected from a multipollutant exposure study conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, during both the summer and winter to address the potential for confounding further. Twenty-four-hour personal exposures and corresponding ambient concentrations to fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were measured for 56 subjects. Results from correlation and regression analyses showed that personal PM(2.5) and gaseous air pollutant exposures were generally not correlated, as only 9 of the 178 individual-specific pairwise correlations were significant. Similarly, ambient concentrations were not associated with their corresponding personal exposures for any of the pollutants, except for PM(2.5), which had significant associations during both seasons (p < 0.0001). Ambient gaseous concentrations were, however, strongly associated with personal PM(2.5) exposures. The strongest associations were shown between ambient O(3) and personal PM(2.5) (p < 0.0001 during both seasons). These results indicate that ambient PM(2.5) concentrations are suitable surrogates for personal PM(2.5) exposures and that ambient gaseous concentrations are surrogates, as opposed to confounders, of PM(2.5). These findings suggest that the use of multiple pollutant models in epidemiologic studies of PM(2.5) may not be suitable and that health effects attributed to the ambient gases may actually be a result of exposures to PM(2.5).
A Fragment from Sir Thomas Browne
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SIR Thomas Browne, having studied medicine in Montpellier and Padua, graduated, M. D., at Leyden and received the same degree from Oxford University in 1637. Thus well trained in academic medicine, he settled in Norwich to practice physics and to raise his large family, believed to have consisted of 7 daughters of whom the best known, Elizabeth, probably the third, was born about 1648. His son, Edward, became a physician and author.Like many girls, Elizabeth kept a Commonplace Book. She appears to have been a serious-minded person, devoted to her scholarly father and, according to Keynes,* of help to . . .
The barber trembles
Authors: C Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

From time to time over the past 15 years he has cut my hair, trimmed my beard, asked after my family, told me about his own and, not least, worried aloud about his health. Much of our time together seems to be taken up with the last. As I think of him now, a fragment from an undergraduate course then still called public health surfaces: barbers are not a healthy lot.

The barber is a gregarious and enterprising man who has risen from inauspicious beginnings to own a thriving little business, but he has had more even than his epidemiological share of ailments. I know because he talks in detail about them to all his medical customers, whose company …
Correction: Computation Error, Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: BARRY S. DICICCO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1984Correction: Computation Error, Diagnosis-Related GroupsBARRY S. DICICCO, M.D.BARRY S. DICICCO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-284_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent review by Vladeck (1) concerning diagnosis-related groups is both timely and important. I read with particular interest his discussion of the teaching adjustment to account for residency programs and am concerned that this subsidy will provide an inappropriate incentive to maintain house staff programs at current levels when national trends show that we are approaching a vast oversupply of physicians. In any case, the example chosen for illustration is arithmetically incorrect, and should show that for an 850-bed hospital with 125 residents, the ratio of interns and residents to hospital beds would be 125 ÷...Reference1. VLADECK B. Medicare hospital payment by diagnosis-related groups. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:576-91. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1984Volume 101, Issue 2Page: 284-284KeywordsDiagnosis related groupsMotivationResidency Issue Published: 1 August 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...