tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histological Features and Recurrence of Completely and Incompletely Healed Gastric Ulcers Classified by the Methylene Blue Dye Method
Authors: M. Tatsuta, H. Iishi, S. Okuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Histological features and recurrence of gastric ulcers classified as completely or incompletely healed by the methylene blue dye method were investigated. On chromo-endoscopic examination, complete healing was defined as a scarred area completely covered with granular patterns, while incomplete healing was defined as a scarred area surrounded only marginally by granular patterns. The methylene blue dye method was significantly more accurate than routine endoscopy for determining the histological completeness of healing. Recurrences were significantly more frequent in incompletely healed ulcers classified by the dye method than in completely healed ulcers. Heavy smoking, male sex, and location of ulcers were closely related to recurrence. Therapy should be continued until the healed ulcers are wholly covered by granular patterns, and physicians should encourage their patients to stop smoking.
Sickness, Recovery and Death: A History and Forecast of III Health
Authors: Daniel Leigh Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book is at once fascinating and exasperating, a study that is well worth the effort needed to digest it and to give careful consideration to the provocative arguments and conclusions. Doctor Riley is professor of history at Indiana University, and he has been awarded the Ernst Meyer Prize for this work. It is an historical analysis of ill health drawn from records of workmen's sick (insurance) funds, the history of European epidemics and their mortalities, and modern records of health surveys. In its entirety, the study provides a unique picture of ill health from the 1600s to the present contrasted with the more usual analysis of mortality records. The issue of mortality records and their interpretation opens the book with a more or less classical presentation of the changing survival curves of populations from neolithic to modern times. This permits the introduction of the concept of mortality risks and
Abstract 8793: Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Characteristics of Coronary Plaque: Assessment Using Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Daiji Yoshikawa, Hideki Ishii, Nobutake Kurebayashi, Bummei Sato, Seiichi Hayakawa, Miho Tanaka, Soichiro Kumagai, Mutsuharu Hayashi, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a predicter for the future cardiovascular disease. Rupture of vulnerable plaque that often has a large lipid core with a thin fibrous cap results in acute coronary syndrome including sudden cardiac death. We hypothesized that preserved CRF is associated with low lipid composition and thick fibrous cap thickness of coronary plaques. Methods: Both integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed for 77 non-culprit coronary plaques in 77 consecutive angina pectoris patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As an indicator of CRF of patient, percentage of achieved of predicted peak oxygen consumption (%PPeak Vo 2 ) calculated based on peak Vo 2 which were directly mesured using a cardiopulmonary exercise testing post PCI was adapted. Results: Patients were classified into two groups [those with preserved CRF (%PPeak Vo 2 &gt;82%) (group I) or others (group II)]. Coronary plaques in patients of group I had significantly smaller lipid volume, greater fibrous volume, and thicker fibrous cap thickness than those in group II (32±14% vs. 45±13%, p&lt;0.001; 57±11% vs. 49±11%, p&lt;0.001; and 177.7±20.9μ m vs. 143.7±36.9μ m, p&lt;0.001). After multivariate linear regression analysis, %PPeak Vo 2 had a significantly negative correlation with lipid volume and a positive correlation with fibrous volume and fibrous cap thickness (β=-0.418, p=0.001; β=0.361, p=0.006; and β=0.339, p=0.008). Conclusions: High %PPeak Vo 2 was associated with low lipid volume, high fibrous volume and thick fibrous cap thickness in coronary plaques. Those results may explain a decreased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with preserved CRF.
Randomized Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Mild Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: HEATHER M. ENGLEMAN, RUTH N. KINGSHOTT, PETER K. WRAITH, THOMAS W. MACKAY, IAN J. DEARY, NEIL J. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The minimal disease severity at which patients with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) gain benefit from treatment is not well characterized, although a pilot study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy showed daytime improvements in patients with 5 to 15 apneas + hypopneas per hour slept (AHI). We have thus performed a second, larger, randomized, placebo- controlled study in a prospective series of 34 patients (13 female) with mild SAHS (AHI 5 to 15) and daytime sleepiness. Patients spent 4 wk on CPAP treatment and 4 wk on an oral placebo, with randomization of treatment order, and daytime assessments on the last day of each treatment. Effective CPAP use averaged 2.8 ± 2.1 h (mean ± SD) per night. Compared with placebo, CPAP improved symptom score (p < 0.01), subjective (Epworth; p < 0.01) but not objective (maintenance of wakefulness test; p > 0.2) sleepiness, performances on 2 of 7 cognitive tasks (p < 0.02), depression score (p < 0.01), and five subscales of the SF-36 health/functional status questionnaire (p ⩽ 0.03). Fourteen of 34 patients preferred CPAP. In 14 patients with AHI in the range 5 to 10, symptoms, cognitive function, psychological well-being and quality of life were improved. These results confirm benefits for daytime function after CPAP treatment for mild SAHS, but highlight unacceptability of CPAP in many such patients.
Fallacy of Cervical Discography
Authors: Earl P. Holt
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Fifty convicts of the Missouri State Prison who were between the ages of 21 and 50 volunteered for cervical discography. Three disk spaces were injected in each individual. None had a history of prior neck injury or of neck or arm pain. Extravasation of contrast media (50% sodium diatrizoate [Hypaque Sodium]) occurred at two levels in all cases and in 80% of the remaining spaces. In only 10 disk spaces out of the total of 148 did the sodium diatrizoate remain within the central confines of the annulus in the pattern referred to as "normal" by previous writers. Cervical discography is a painful and expensive procedure and is without diagnostic value.
Food and agriculture sectors are not adequately represented at UN health summit, says report
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Food and agriculture sectors are not adequately represented at UN health summit, says report Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Heart Homotransplantation in Puppies
Authors: YOSHIO KONDO, FRANZ GRÄDEL, ADRIAN KANTROWITZ
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A satisfactory technique for orthotopic homotransplantation of the heart, under profound hypothermia without a pump-oxygenator, has been presented. Of the 40 puppies in our series, 24 lived more than one day; 13 lived more than seven days. One is well and active on the 112th day. The rhythm of the transplanted hearts was often somewhat irregular shortly after surgery, but usually became fairly regular on the following day and maintained a constant rate even after exercise. Long survivors steadily gained weight and showed a proportional increase in heart size. The fate of the transplant could be forecast in some instances from the follow-up electrocardiograms. Although the histological findings were not uniform, acceptance of the homogous heart greatly exceeded our expectations. Unpredictable histocompatibility may possibly explain the long survivors.
Reducing Cardiac Filling Pressure Lowers Norepinephrine Spillover in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Eduardo R. Azevedo, Gary E. Newton, John S. Floras, John D. Parker
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We studied the cardiac sympathetic response to selective unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in subjects with normal left ventricular (LV) function and congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results —Eight patients with normal LV function (age 57±5 years, ejection fraction 58±2%) and 8 patients with CHF (age 60±2 years; ejection fraction 19±2%) were studied. Instrumentation consisted of an arterial line, a pulmonary artery catheter, and a coronary sinus thermodilution catheter. The radiotracer technique was used for measurement of cardiac norepinephrine spillover (CANESP) and total-body norepinephrine spillover. Lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) was applied at 2 levels: nonhypotensive and hypotensive LBNP. Nonhypotensive LBNP reduced filling pressures significantly in both groups. Arterial pressure did not change. This reduction in filling pressures caused a significant reduction in CANESP in the CHF group (from 167±53 to 125±37 pmol/min, P &lt;0.05) but no change in the normal LV function group. Hypotensive LBNP caused a significant increase in CANESP in the normal group (73±13 vs 122±27 pmol/min, P &lt;0.05) but no significant change in those with CHF. Conclusions —We conclude that selective reduction in filling pressures lowers cardiac norepinephrine spillover in patients with CHF. These findings suggest that a goal of CHF management should be to reduce cardiac filling pressures while avoiding systemic hypotension.
Identification of human and rodent thymic epithelium using tetanus toxin and monoclonal antibody A2B5.
Authors: B F Haynes, K Shimizu, G S Eisenbarth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Using a monoclonal antibody (A2B5), which binds to GQ ganglioside, and tetanus toxin, which binds to GD and GT gangliosides, distinct regions of human and rodent thymic epithelial cells have been identified. The lymphoid elements of the thymus do not bind A2B5 or tetanus toxin. The A2B5 and tetanus toxin-binding cells form a network of thymic epithelial cells throughout the thymic subcapsular cortex and thymic medulla and contain thymopoietin and thymosin alpha-1.
Science in the Bedroom: A History of Sex Research
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Vern L. Bullough, who is a member of the faculty at California State University, Northridge, and of the University of Southern California, comes to sexology via the social sciences. In this book he covers the history of sex research from the mid—19th century to the present. Although the book is organized chronologically, it can be viewed from several perspectives: pre— and post— World War II, pre- and post-Kinsey, and according to the medical dominance of sex research or the multidisciplinary approach that evolved later. Research prior to World War II was centered in Europe until it was abruptly halted by the Nazis. After World War II sex research was dominated by Americans. Alfred Kinsey brought the realities of sexual behavior in the United States, as opposed to cultural ideals, into the realm of public consciousness. His work also heralded the advent of multidisciplinary research and the end of the hegemony
Prospective audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in two regions of England: safety, staffing, and sedation methods.
Authors: M A Quine, G D Bell, R F McCloy, J E Charlton, H B Devlin, A Hopkins
Journal: Gut (1995)

A prospective audit of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 36 hospitals across two regions provided data from 14,149 gastroscopies of which 1113 procedures were therapeutic and 13,036 were diagnostic. Most patients received gastroscopy under intravenous sedation; midazolam was the preferred agent in the North West and diazepam was preferred in East Anglia. Mean doses of each agent used were 5.7 mg and 13.8 mg respectively, although there was a wide distribution of doses reported. Only half of the patients endoscoped had some form of intravenous access in situ and few were supplied with supplementary oxygen. The death rate from this study for diagnostic endoscopy was 1 in 2000 and the morbidity rate was 1 in 200; cardiorespiratory complications were the most prominent in this group and there was a strong relation between the lack of monitoring and use of high dose benzodiazepines and the occurrence of adverse outcomes. In particular there was a link between the use of local anaesthetic sprays and the development of pneumonia after gastroscopy (p < 0.001). Twenty perforations occurred out of a total of 774 dilatations of which eight patients died (death rate 1 in 100). A number of units were found to have staffing problems, to be lacking in basic facilities, and to have poor or virtually non-existent recovery areas. In addition, a number of junior endoscopists were performing endoscopy unsupervised and with minimal training.
Ponatinib for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: John M. Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) must be ranked as one of the great medical success stories of the past 30 years. The demonstration that the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome carries a fusion gene formed by the juxtaposition of BCR and ABL genetic sequences focused attention on the possibility that the tyrosine kinase activity of ABL might be greatly enhanced by fusion with BCR such that the BCR-ABL oncoprotein could be the primary cause of CML. If it were so, then pharmacologic inactivation of the oncoprotein might be clinically useful, and so it proved. In 1996, Druker et . . .
Opacification of Coronary Veins in Angiography
Authors: Gabriel Gregoratus
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since the introduction of angiocardiography for the diagnosis of cardiac disease,<sup>1</sup>a variety of complications have been reported. Extravasation of radiographic contrast media into the myocardium is probably the most common.<sup>1-3</sup>When immediate opacification of the right side of the heart occurs during ventricular angiography directly following left-side ventricular myocardial extravasation,<sup>3-5</sup>it may mimic a left-to-right shunt at the ventricular level. This letter presents two cases of immediate filling of a coronary vein following left ventricular injection. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 24-year-old woman suffered marked fatigability and exercise intolerance five months preceding evaluation. Catheterizations of the right and left sides of the heart showed idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. There was no left-to-right shunting at the pulmonary artery, ventricular, or atrial levels. A left-side ventricular angiogram was performed by injection with a power injector set at 400 pounds per square inch. Test injection of
Abstract ES03-3: Clinical 101: Clinical trial endpoints: Selection, analysis and interpretation
Authors: E Garrett-Mayer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The selection of clinical endpoints when designing a clinical trial is critically important to ensure appropriate evaluation of the agent or regimen of interest. Endpoints in early stage clinical trials differ from those in later stage trials, and the nature of the endpoints (e.g., continuou,s categorical) has an impact on both the parameters that can be estimated and the power to detect significant differences. This talk will focus on the selection of continuous (e.g. Ki67, breast density, change in tumor size), categorical (e.g. RECIST response, pathologic complete response), and time to event endpoints (e.g. progression-free survival, overall survival) when designing clinical trials. Discussion will also include interpretation of resulting measures of clinical efficacy (e.g. hazard ratios), approaches for stating trial objectives and implications of endpoint selection on statistical power. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES03-3.
Pruritic papular eruption and eosinophilic folliculitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A histopathological and immunohistochemical comparative study
Authors: João Paulo Junqueira Magalhães Afonso, Jane Tomimori, Nilceo Schwery Michalany, Suely Nonogaki, Adriana Maria Porro
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
MSU, the adjuvans of dying cells activates the NALP3 inflammasome by sodium overload
Authors: C. Schorn, M. Strysio, C. Janko, E. Springer, L. E. Munoz, G. Schett, M. Herrmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Monosodium urate (MSU) is one of the endogenous danger molecules generated during apoptosis. Precipitated MSU crystals in tissues and joints induce an inflammatory process with interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) induction after NALP3 inflammasome (NALP3i) activation resulting in gouty arthritis. However, the exact mechanism of NALP3i activation is still elusive. The goal is the identification of the mechanism of NALP3i idependent IL-1β production induced by MSU crystals. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Uptake of MSU was analysed by time lapse microscopy and cytofluorometry. Via REM-EDX the morphological and chemical structure of urate crystals was identified. The relative intracellular sodium concentration was analysed by Sodium Green fluorescence. The human IL-1β induction in presence of inhibitors of lysosomal acidification and of aquaporins in culture supernatants was quantified by ELISA. Additionally, mice were treated i.p. with chloroquine following injection of MSU in generated air pouches. IL-1β production in the pouch fluid was quantified. <h3>Results</h3> Blood borne phagocytes ingest MSU crystals and substantially increase their side scatter reflecting increased ‘granularity’. After the uptake of the crystals the cells swell shown by augmented forward scatter and time-lapse microscopy. Most of the phagocytes show an intact plasma membrane after ingestion of crystals. Incubation of phagocytes with MSU results in an induction of IL-1β production. Needle-shaped MSU crystals release sodium after treatment with acidic milieu and switch into barrel-shaped crystals. In swollen cells the intracellular sodium concentration of phagocytes after the uptake of MSU displays a markedly increased intracellular sodium concentration. Furthermore, the inhibition of lysosomal acidification and of aquaporins results in reduction of IL-1β production in in vitro and in vivo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We suggest a novel model of NALP3i activation after phagocytosis of MSU crystals: the phagocytes ingest crystals into endosomes resulting in fusion with acidic lysosomes. That induces a massive release of sodium from the MSU crystal and enhances the intracellular osmolarity. The hyperosmolarity of the cell is compensated by passive water influx through aquaporins following cell swelling. The latter reduces the intracellular potassium concentration below the threshold of NALP3i activation. Finally, the decreased IL-1β production by treatment with inhibitors of lysosomal acidification or inhibitors of aquaporins supports our new model of inflammasome activation by MSU.
873 ANGIOGENIC CHANGES IN A NEW MOUSE MODEL FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ASSESSED WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART IMAGING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: F. Heindryckx, B. Vandeghinste, C. Casteleyn, N. Charette, D. Slaets, L. Libbrecht, S. Staelens, P. Stärkel, A. Geerts, I. Colle, H. Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pharmacoeconomic issues in onychomycosis
Authors: J. Lambert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

The importance of health economics (the application of economics to healthcare and medicine) has grown significantly in recent years as the need to maximize the use of limited healthcare resources has increased. The role of pharmacoeconomics (the application of health economics to pharmaceuticals) is to provide a method that evaluates outcomes and costs of treatment at the same time, thus providing an aid to better decision‐making. However, there remains some uncertainty within the medical community about the usefulness of pharmacoeconomic data. Reasons for this include a poor understanding of the purpose and outcome of pharmacoeconomic studies, inconsistent use of terminology, and a perception that freedom of choice of prescriptions is restricted. To optimize the medical management of patients with severe onychomycosis, two pharmacoeconomic evaluations of amorolfine were undertaken. In a comparison of topical amorolfine + oral terbinafine vs. oral terbinafine alone, treatment with the topical/oral combination for a period of up to 12 weeks resulted in an improved outcome compared with the oral drug alone. A second study with topical amorolfine + oral itraconazole showed that treatment for a period of 6 weeks was the preferred cost‐effective treatment option. While combination therapy might seem to be a more costly option, pharmacoeconomic studies have clearly shown that treatment of onychomycosis with amorolfine, in combination with either oral terbinafine or oral itraconazole, is both cost‐saving and cost‐effective compared with oral treatment alone.
Pneumothorax in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Thomas F. Boat
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Thirty-two episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax occurred with increasing frequency over a ten-year period in 15 of 400 patients with cystic fibrosis. This complication most often affected adolescents or young adults with significant lung disease. The most likely pathogenetic mechanism was rupture of a subpleural bleb. Tension pneumothorax was found frequently and accounted for most cases of severe dyspnea and cyanosis including three sudden deaths. Silent pneumothorax also occurred. Small asymptomatic pneumothoraces resolved with observation. Most pneumothoraces were treated by tube thoracostomy; rapid resolution resulted in 65%. No pleural infections occurred; two bronchopleural fistulae and one bronchopleural cutaneous fistula complicated recovery. Results of prophylaxis for recurrent pneumothorax with intrapleural installation of chemical irritants were inconclusive. No thoracotomies were performed. Pneumothorax entails vigorous pulmonary care and travel restrictions.
Comment on: Lin et al. Long-Term Changes in Adiposity and Glycemic Control Are Associated With Past Adenovirus Infection. Diabetes Care 2013;36:701–707
Authors: Guglielmo M. Trovato, Daniela Catalano, G. Fabio Martines, Francesca M. Trovato
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The innovative article by Lin et al. (1) raises the possibility that certain infections may modulate not only obesity but also diabetes risk. Obesity is currently regarded as an imbalance between food intake and physical exercise, modulated by endocrine and genetic factors. Nonetheless, evidence is available that environmental infections, and notably adipogenic adenoviruses in humans, are associated with obesity, being causative factors of obesity in animals (1–3). How obesity relates to type 2 diabetes is still a mosaic of information and more comprehensive approaches may help advance effective and cost-effective interventions for both conditions, including more tailored therapy (4). The conjectural model that an improvement in …