tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Communication of Swiss health organizations during debate of the federal smoking ban 2008-2012
Authors: Rainer Kaelin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND: Swiss legislative process towards public smoking ban started in 2004 by the signature of the WHO -FCTC and the initiative of MP F. Gutzwiller MD. By oct. 2008 it had resulted in a federal alibi law, elaborated under heavy lobbying pressure, failing to meet WHO standards. Swiss Lung league (SLL: federation of cantonal lung leagues) launched a popular initiative aiming better legislation. The initiative was backed by an alliance of health organizations (HO). Despite 120 000 signatures collected by 2010, the law project was turned down by national vote 9/2012, after heavy campaigning.  AIM/METHOD: Since media reporting was poor (only 10% of articles between 11/2009-02/2010 were in favor), we analysed official statements of HO to detect flaws, that may have contributed to desinformation.  RESULTS: A. Swiss physicians federation first declined the initiative arguing backing the prevention law in parliament was more important, but finally endorsed it (01/10). B: The internists society president declined public positioning on passive smoking at the 2008 meeting, arguing the congress was not smoke free and sponsors should be consulted first, members assembly though endorsed the initiative in 2010, but no official public statement was issued. C. The SLL urged cantonal leagues to collect signatures, but some did not. D. The national Tobacco fighting organization AT, member of the initiatives alliance, proposed its withdrawal 6 months before the popular vote.  CONCLUSION : Popular refusal of the initiatives law proposal for a federal smoking ban cannot be attributed to the the tobacco lobbys influence alone. Lack of coherent HO communication contributed to public desinformation.
Impact of trial development time on accruals at CCOPs: The case of the MARVEL trial.
Authors: D. M. Dilts, A. A. Adjei, S. J. Mandrekar, J. C. Buckner, L. M. Minasian, M. Rienzo, R. Ledsky, H. Massett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e16505 Background: Accrual to NCI lung cancer studies have experienced a steady decline of 60% over 5 years. The NCI's phase III lung cancer biomarker trial (MARVEL: Marker Validation for Erlotinib in Lung Cancer) was selected as a case to investigate the reasons for declining accrual. MARVEL trial (MT) had an accrual goal of 1200 patients in 4 years. MT was permanently closed on December 4, 2009 due to poor accrual with only 23 randomized patients, although 300 sites had IRB approval to enroll to MT. Methods: A multiphase approach design (Yin, 2008) was used: (1) interviews of key NCI and MT developers, stakeholders; (2) interviews with key CCOP stakeholders from 6 sites that had opened MT (4 with accruals); and (3) emails with 4 CCOPs reacting to proposed MT changes. Results: MT had a lengthy development process (2.5 years) that seriously impeded its perceived value and enthusiasm among the CCOP. The long development time was due to the complex logistics, the need for coordination of multiple cooperative groups, and the inherent complexity of biomarker studies. The biomarker component added barriers of treatment delays, costs and issues acquiring proper tissue and quantity. Additionally, one study drug, pemetrexed, received approval for nonsquamous histology in the first line and in the maintainence setting, and the standard of care for lung cancer changed allowing the use of the agent as first line, whereas MT required it as second line. CCOPs also stated strong competition with industry trials that paid significantly more, opened quicker and were more interesting. Conclusions: A key justification from CCOPs for nonaccrual was that the lengthy MT development and approval time significantly damped the enthusiasm. With the rapid development of scientific knowledge, clinical trial development times should be shortened to maintain the validity and relevance of the questions addressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Telling the diagnosis of cancer.
Authors: S E Lind, M J DelVecchio Good, S Seidel, T Csordas, B J Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Although a concensus has emerged in this country that patients should be told when cancer is discovered, no data is available to indicate how and where patients are currently told that they have cancer. Fifty-five patients undergoing anticancer therapy were therefore interviewed to learn how this process occurs. The majority of patients were told by surgeons (74%) and only a minority by primary care physicians (11%). Most were told in a traditional medical setting (42% in the doctor's office, 17% in a hospital room), but 23% were told over the telephone and 19% in the recovery room. Two indicators of patient satisfaction with the telling process suggested that different sites of telling were not equivalent. Patients told over the telephone or in the recovery room were more likely to describe the telling in negative terms and less likely to describe their doctors as being helpful in understanding their illness than those told in a doctor's office or in their hospital bed. This pilot study indicates considerable variation in this aspect of patient care and suggests directions for future research. To determine whether interviews that explore these issues with cancer patients are unpleasant or stressful, patients' reactions to being subjects in this study were sought. Patients asked directly at the completion of the interview or surveyed 2 to 4 months later said the interview had been helpful and/or a positive experience. None expressed negative feelings about participating. Concerns about the psychological harm resulting from such study of this patient group do not appear to be warranted and should not impede future research.
Clearance of Filtered Fluid from the Lung during Exercise
Authors: TOMONOBU KOIZUMI, ROBERT J. ROSELLI, RICHARD E. PARKER, CASILDA I. HERMO-WEILER, MUKUL BANERJEE, JOHN H. NEWMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

During strenuous exercise in sheep, lung lymph flow increases within seconds and rises to levels 7- to 10-fold over baseline. Concomitant with the flow increase, the lymph protein content rapidly decreases to levels consistent with severe capillary hypertension. This pattern of clearance of filtered fluid is quite different than is seen with the passive capillary hypertension that results from mechanical obstruction of the mitral valve. In passive capillary hypertension, the increase in lymph flow and reduction in lymph protein content develop over several hours. The purpose of this study was to discover if these observed differences in edema clearance are related to the hyperpnea that accompanies exercise. Sheep were instrumented for continuous measurement of pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic pressures, cardiac output by ultrasound, lung lymph flow, and ventilation. First, hemodynamics, ventilatory, and lymph clearance variables were measured during moderate exercise at 2.8 mph on a treadmill. Second, on a separate occasion, sheep were induced to hyperventilate to the same minute ventilation as during exercise, using modest CO2 stimulation. Lymph flow and hemodynamics were unaffected by this hyperpnea. The third arm of the experiment was to raise pulmonary microvascular pressure at rest to the level seen with exercise by means of a balloon catheter placed in the mitral valve. Lymph flow rose and protein content decreased slowly and to a lower degree than seen with exercise despite a comparable microvascular pressure. Finally, left atrial hypertension and induced hyperpnea were combined in sheep at rest, and the resulting lymph flow and protein content were the same as seen with exercise at similar pressures and ventilation. We conclude that hyperpnea is a major mechanism of interstitial liquid clearance during exercise, and may be largely responsible for preventing pulmonary edema that might occur at the high microvascular pressures of strenuous exercise.
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression by alveolar macrophages in human lung allograft recipient with recurrence of sarcoidosis. Toulouse Lung Transplantation Group
Authors: S Martel, PC Carre, G Carrera, B Pipy, PJ Leophonte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Recurrence of sarcoidosis in lung allografts is an interesting model to study the pathogenesis of this disease. We report a case of sarcoidosis recurrence in a single lung allograft recipient 2 years after transplantation. The expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene by alveolar macrophages was monitored. The TNF-alpha gene was not expressed at the time of recurrence of sarcoidosis, but only later when prominent granulomas were observed.
Ultrastructure of Human Mammary Carcinoma Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vivo&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Luciano Ozzello
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Human mammary carcinoma cells have basic ultrastructural features that are shared by all types of ductal and lobular carcinomas, whether invasive or intraepithelial. These features involve the cytoplasmic organelles which in carcinoma cells are more prominent and more irregularly distributed than in normal and dysplastic epithelium. The prominence of organelles and their variations from cell to cell suggest that carcinoma cells of any given tumor are engaged in different functions at different times. Although the fine structure of carcinoma cells represents an exaggeration of that of normal and hyperplastic epithelium, the ultrastructural evidence presently available cannot be used to support the suggestion that hyperplasia is implicated in the genesis of human mammary carcinomas. Serial sections of human mammary carcinoma cells cultured in vitro show that these cells can retain their basic ultrastructure even after several years of cultivation. In addition, paired cisternae, annulate lamellae, bizarre membranous arrays, and microtubules are more frequent in cultured cells than in cells in vivo. Some cytoplasmic filaments are suggestive of contractile protein. Intercytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic lumens are frequent. Microvilli are numerous on the free cellular surfaces, along wide intercellular spaces, and in intracellular and extracellular lumens. In contrast, where the cells are closely apposed, the plasma membranes are straight with irregularly distributed desmosomes. Cultured mammary carcinoma cells provide a valuable experimental model for the study of functional parameters of human mammary carcinoma cells.
MicroRNAs Linked to Pancreatic CancerMicroRNAs Linked to Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

INVESTIGATORSATOHIOSTATEUNIVERsity, inColumbus, and theUniversity ofOklahomaHealthSciencesCenter, in Oklahoma City, have found an associationbetweenpancreaticcancer—which carries the worst prognosis of all cancer types—andtheexpressionofcertainsmall regulatorymoleculescalledmicroRNAs. The findings may offer clues to pancreatic tumorigenesis and provide new diagnostic markers (Lee EJ et al. Int J Cancer. 2007;120:1046-1054).
Abstract 3922: A Potent Anti-Inflammatory CCR2/CCR5 Dual Antagonist Abrogates Adipose Inflammation and Glucose Intolerance, and Reduces Fat Mass in a Preclinical Model of Diet Induced Obesity
Authors: Jai Pal Singh, Xiaohong Yu, Guoming Wang, Chafiq Hamdouchi, Mark Kowala, Karen Zimmerman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Adipose inflammation is emerging as an important player in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. Macrophage accumulation and the expression of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 ...
Ciclopirox: a new topical pyrodonium antimycotic agent.
Authors: V.N. SEHGAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

One percent Ciclcpirox soluticn, a new topical antimycotic agent, was used in a double-blind controlled trial in 105 dermatcmycosis patients. Twelve of the patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining ninety-three patients, forty-four were treated with the active drug, forty-nine with a placebo. The cure rate amongst those using ciclopirox was significantly superior to that of the placebo. The drug was effective against Trichophyton rubnim, T. violaceum, T. mentagrophytes and Malassezia furfur.
PrevenTB: Attitudes of decision makers and care providers towards tuberculosis prevention in Germany
Authors: Christian Gutsfeld, Christoph Lange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Prevention of tuberculosis with chemotherapy is highly effective, if targeted at high risk populations. However, acceptance of preventive chemotherapy against tuberculosis is very variable in Europe.

Methods: We developed and validated a standardized questionnaire to evaluate the attitudes related to tuberculosis prevention of decision makers and caretakers of individuals at risk for the future development of tuberculosis.

Results: At a first stage we sent 500 questionnaires to health care professionals and received 130 answered forms back. During the second stage 3000 study invitations were sent for an online survey via email. Among the 510 online survey participants were 250 pulmonologists, 189 health officers, 26 general practitioners and 45 other medical professions.

Out of all online participants 48,8% (n=249) would use QuantiFeron Gold in tube®, 24,7% Tuberculin-skin-Test (n= 126), 23,3% T-Spot.TB® (n= 119) and 3,2% (n=16) other testing devices in the future. 59,1% (n=112) of pulmonologists and 44,3% (n=39) of public health workers suggested no or in less than 20% preventive hemotherapy to healthy people who have been exposed to TB in spite of a positive TST or IGRA. In case of HIV-seropositive patients with a positive test result 62,4% (n=109) of pulmonologist and 72,3% (n=47) of public health workers offered no preventive chemotherapy at all.

Conclusions: Tuberculosis prevention can likely be substantially improved in Germany if positive test results such as the TST or IGRA are consistent with preventive chemotherapy in individuals at high risk for the future development of tuberculosis.
Experience with Extracapsular Extraction and Binkhorst 2-loop Intraocular Lenses: Preliminary Communication
Authors: R J Marsh, N C Andrew
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Binkhorst 2-loop intraocular lens were performed on 50 patients. The majority of the patients achieved a corrected postoperative acuity of 6/9. Operative, immediate postoperative and late postoperative complications are discussed. The commonest postoperative complication was the formation of a dense capsular membrane which required capsulotomy in 9 patients. Suggestions are put forward for improving the result of this rewarding operation.
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-a (Rora) expression in patients with fibrotic interstitial pneumonias: A lung tissue study
Authors: Eleni Bibaki, Anastasios Koutsopoulos, Eliza Tsitoura, Eleni Lagoudaki, Stella Sarantoulaki, Ismini Lasithiotaki, Nikolaos Siafakas, George Sourvinos, Katerina Antoniou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction and aim. It has been recently discovered that Rora expression is increased in the lungs of COPD patients and offers a new perspective in the pathogenesis of emphysema, related with DNA damage response network. As smoking is also a possible pathogenetic factor in Fibrotic Interstitial Pneumonias we hypothesized that Rora expression is altered in lung tissue of these patients. Methodology. Immunohistochemical staining of type II Pneumocytes in between the fibroblastic foci (FF), as well as, in and around the fibroblastic area, fibroblasts (in the interstitial spaces and within the FF), was evaluated for nuclear and cytoplasmic Rora expression. IPF (n=9), non-IPF (COP n=11, fNSIP n=2) and RA-ILD (n=2) speciments were analysed.  Results. Type II Pneumocytes: A similar Rora nuclear expression in non fibrotic areas was observed between controls, IPF and COP. However, a significant decrease in Rora nuclear levels was measured in areas surrounding and in the FF in IPF and COP patients when compared with pneumocytes in between the fibrotic lesions. Inversely, the cytoplasmic localization of Rora was more pronounced in FF associated areas as compared to tissue distant from the FF. Fibroblasts: Rora expression was undetectable in fibroblasts in the interstitial spaces. In contrast, fibroblasts within the FF exhibit both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of Rora. Importantly, in IPF a trend of higher nuclear expression was observed when compared to COP. Finally, smoking appears to downregulate Rora nuclear levels in IPF.  Conclusion: Our study offers novel insights regarding the cell-type dependent expression of Rora in fibrotic lung tissue.
Granulocytes and their secretory products, myeloperoxidase and eosinophil cationic protein, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from two lung lobes in normal subjects
Authors: B Schmekel, B Blom-Bulow, Y Hornblad, LA Laitinen, M Linden, P Venge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The interlobar variability of lavage neutrophils and eosinophils was studied in twelve healthy subjects. In addition, the interlobar variation of the neutrophil cell marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the eosinophil cell marker eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assessed. Bronchial washes (BW), as defined by the first aspirated lavage aliquot, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were compared. One subsegment of the right middle lobe and one subsegment of the right lower lobe were lavaged in the same session. Interlobar consistency of neutrophil and eosinophil cell recoveries was observed but, in contrast, the levels of MPO or ECP did not correlate in lavage fluids aspirated from the two lobes. These results suggest that BAL cell content from a single lobe of the lung in healthy subjects does reflect the cell populations throughout the airways, while the levels of soluble proteins may differ between the lobes. Such a variation questions the correlation between cells and their secretory products or the correlation between levels of solutes in lavage fluid and in the underlying tissue. Further methodological studies appear warranted to elucidate whether cell and solute recoveries accurately reflect the underlying pathology.
Effect of Zinc Administration on the Growth of l1210 and BW5147 Tumors in Mice2
Authors: Jerry L. Phillips, Peter J. Sheridan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Effect of Zinc Administration on the Growth of l1210 and BW5147 Tumors in Mice Get access Jerry L. Phillips, Jerry L. Phillips Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J. Sheridan Peter J. Sheridan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 2, August 1976, Pages 361–363, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.2.361 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 23 October 1975 Accepted: 10 February 1976 Published: 01 August 1976
Transplantable Marek's Disease Lymphomas. II. Variable Tumor Immunity Induced by Different Lymphoblastoid Cells2
Authors: Louis W. Schierman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Transplantable Marek's Disease Lymphomas. II. Variable Tumor Immunity Induced by Different Lymphoblastoid Cells Get access Louis W. Schierman Louis W. Schierman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 2, August 1984, Pages 423–428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.2.423 Published: 01 August 1984 Article history Received: 12 August 1982 Revision received: 14 March 1984 Accepted: 21 March 1984 Published: 01 August 1984
PER-1- and OXA-10-like β-lactamases in ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from intensive care unit patients in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Z. Aktaş, L. Poirel, M. şalcloğlu, P.E. özcan, K. Midilli, ç. Bal, ö. Anğ, P. Nordmann
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Effect of administered mineralocorticoids or ACTH in pregnant women
Authors: Edward N. Ehrlich, Marshall D. Lindheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The role of augmented aldosterone production in pregnancy is poorly understood. Whereas some consider aldosterone secretion in pregnancy excessive, others suggest that this is a compensatory phenomenon. According to yet another view, mechanisms other than the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system control sodium homeostasis in pregnancy.
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Declines in the United States From 1979 Through 2011
Authors: Kobina A. Wilmot, Martin O’Flaherty, Simon Capewell, Earl S. Ford, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates have fallen dramatically over the past 4 decades in the Western world. However, recent data from the United States and elsewhere suggest a plateauing of CHD incidence and mortality among young women. We therefore examined recent trends in CHD mortality rates in the United States according to age and sex.We analyzed mortality data between 1979 and 2011 for US adults ≥25 years of age. We calculated age-specific CHD mortality rates and compared estimated annual percentage changes during 3 approximate decades of data (1979-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2011). We then used Joinpoint regression modeling to assess changes in trends over time on the basis of inflection points of the mortality rates. Adults ≥65 years of age showed consistent mortality declines, which became even steeper after 2000 (women, -5.0%; men, -4.4%). In contrast, young men and women (<55 years of age) initially showed a clear decline in CHD mortality from 1979 until 1989 (estimated annual percentage change, -5.5% in men and -4.6% in women). However, the 2 subsequent decades saw stagnation with minimal improvement. Notably, young women demonstrated no improvements between 1990 and 1999 (estimated annual percentage change, 0.1%) and only -1% estimated annual percentage change since 2000. Joinpoint analyses provided consistent results.The dramatic decline in CHD mortality since 1979 conceals major heterogeneities. CHD death rates in older groups are now falling steeply. However, young adults have experienced frustratingly small decreases in CHD mortality rates since 1990. The drivers of these major differences in CHD mortality trends by age and sex merit urgent study.
Who win? Spirometry versus symptoms for predicting the longitudinal outcomes in COPD patients – 10 years observation
Authors: Stoica Ion Gabriel, Adriana Teodorescu, Dobrescu Iulian Dan, Andrei Maria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The spirometric criteria for COPD diagnosis is the king of the gold standard and GOLD-guide accepted in diagnosis, treatment, follow, and disease prediction.Unfortunately, little attention has been paid on the importance of respiratory symptoms in the prognosis of the disease.   Aim:  To evaluate whether spirometric criteria are associated with long term clinical outcomes in COPD patients with or without chronic symptoms. In 2000-2001, 2756 non asthmatic participants in the ECRHS (20-44 years) were classified according to either the GOLD or the lower limit of normal (LLN) spirometric criteria.GOLD+ when FEV1/FVC   Results:  GOLD+ and LLN+ were 2.0% and 6.3%, respectively. Mean%ΔFEV1 and crude rate (1,000/yr) of HSU [with 95%CI] are reported in subjects with or without airflow obstruction:  Spirometric criteria for COPD that don9t take into consid. the presence of chronic respiratory symptoms poorly predict longitudinal outcomes in young adults.