tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An agenda for symptom-based research
Authors: William Fleeson, R. Michael Furr, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The network approach proposed by Cramer et al. suggests fascinating new directions of research on mental disorders. Research is needed to find evidence for the causal power of symptoms, to examine symptoms thoroughly, to investigate individual differences in edge strength, to discover etiological processes for each symptom, and to determine whether and why symptoms cohere into distinct mental disorders.
Evolutions in medicine.
Authors: A G Hocken
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A report in the Christchurch newspaper The Press in May indicated that the source of some restlessness which has been rippling through the academic  centres of New Zealand had reached the attention of Government. The prime minister was commenting on the numbers of students expected to graduate from New Zealand  schools. The 310 pre registration practitioners in 1980 compared generously with the 90 a year from 1945 until 1970. He went on to refer to the $50 000 each new doctor cost the tax payer to educate. One's eye might have been caught by the sting in the tail of the report, in which the leader of the National Party?tendency to the political right?warned that medical care societies should ensure that their success (and the luncheon was to celebrate the assumption of a half million membership by the Southern Cross Medical Society) did not create a grave imbalance in the demands on specialists, and an apportionment of their time between public and private hospitals. Shades of Barbara?clearly of the political left ? Inflation came to New Zealand considerably after Europe and the United States, and is leaving in phase. There are, therefore, querulous eyebrows being raised at some of the expenditure proposed or executed in the health services. The profession here is jealous of its independence, and recoils, in general, at the prospect of a British-type National Health Service. The patient pays the GP a small but variable (one to five dollars) fee-for-service, which is subsidised at a fixed fee-for-service rate by the Government. A generou' and adequate list of drugs is free to outpatients, but the esoteric therapeutic whims of your doctor may have to be paid for. Hospital care and drugs are all free. The patient receives no subsidy for dental work once he has left school. At primary schools a corps of dental nurses practice conservation of a child's teeth?gratis. When the Labour Party?tendency to the political left?was in power from 1972 to 1975 it produced a White Paper on health, whose basic premise was administrative r?gionalisation of the service. There was muttering and uneasy shifting of professional bottoms. It was recognised that a first move toward what our American colleagues call socialised medicine had been taken when that same government had introduced the work of the  Compensation Commission in 1974. Simply, this Act will compensate, in an earnings-related manner, anyone suffering an accident resulting in loss of income. Accident is still being defined in shadier areas, but is now held to encompass what might be called industrial disease. The Immigration Department's brochure, which all travellers arriving in New
433 QUANTIFICATION OF LARGE, MIDDLE AND SMALL HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) SURFACE PROTEIN (HBsAg) FRACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEPATITIS B
Authors: S.B. Wiegand, A. Geipel, B. Bremer, A. Markova, C.M. Bremer, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer, D. Glebe, M. Cornberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Antidiarrheal Agent Poisoning in a Child
Authors: John P. Canby
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The new antidiarrhea drug, diphenoxylate hydrochloride with atropine (Lomotil), is readily available. We should recognize that this compound may cause poisoning when taken in slightly excessive doses. A 2-year-old white boy ingested eight diphenoxylate tablets. After his parents forced him to vomit, with some recovery of the tablets, he was observed. For an hour afterward he was anorectic but played well. Two hours after taking the tablets he fell asleep and slept for 1 1/2 hours, awakening in an irritable mood. An hour after this he again fell asleep. Five and one half hours after having ingested the tablets, he was having mild respiratory difficulty and questionable apnea. After eight hours, he had apnea and cyanosis and was given artificial respiration (mouth-to-mouth). He was then brought to the hospital, given 7.5 mg nalorphine (Nalline) hydrochloride intravenously, and was found to have a temperature of 99.2 F (37.4
Two siblings with neonatal pemphigus vulgaris associated with mild maternal disease
Authors: T. Ugajin, H. Yahara, Y. Moriyama, T. Sato, K. Nishioka, H. Yokozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic immune‐mediated, blistering disease which affects the skin and mucous membranes. Neonatal PV is caused by transplacental transfer of IgG antibodies from a mother with PV to the fetus. As the onset of PV occurs predominantly in the fourth to sixth decades of life, it is rare to find patients with PV who become pregnant or have an abortion.1 In one‐third of those who become pregnant, the neonates have PV lesions.2 We report two siblings with neonatal PV. We also discuss the differences between mothers and neonates in clinical phenotype and expression of PV antibodies. The mother was a 30‐year‐old Japanese woman who had not been pregnant previously. Two years 4 months before giving birth to her first child, she developed oral erosions and was subsequently referred to our institute. A diagnosis of PV was made on the basis of an oral biopsy. One year 3 months after the diagnosis, the eruptions had spread over about 30% of her entire skin surface. As a result, she was treated with prednisolone 60 mg daily after steroid pulse therapy. The steroid dosage was then gradually tapered, and thereafter she presented with only a few oral erosions which were controlled with prednisolone 12·5 mg daily. In Februtary 2001, she became pregnant with her first child. During her pregnancy, the oral erosions worsened slightly.
Detection of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis by positron emission tomography
Authors: Frieder Berr, Marcus Wiedmann, Joachim Mössner, Andrea Tannapfel, Frank Schmidt
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

During the 1995 heat wave in Chicago, the maximum temperature recorded was 40°C, although the heat index, an estimate of evaporative and radiative transfer of heat, was 48.3°C. 3 In developing countries, heat waves are accompanied by poor electricity supplies that disturb the working of electricity operated appliances meant for maintaining temperature at appropriate levels. 4 The inimical effects of high temperature and humidity 2,3 on different therapeutics as well as molecular biology reagents used to monitor antiviral therapy could be best tackled by stabilization against harsh environment.Efforts have been directed to stabilize live vaccines by incorporating trehalose, deuterium oxide, pirodavir, or compounds based on electrostatic interventions. 5 Availability of one-to two-step assay procedures that do not require costly equipment and trained personnel, would be vital for strengthening quality control on antihepatitis B or C viral therapeutics.Such assays would assist quantification of active ingredients of therapeutics in the premises of the physician prescribing various drugs.A semiquantitative, acetaminophen-specific spot test for screening quality of acetaminophen in the field has been very meritorious. 6 Full stabilized antihepatitis B or C viral therapeutic agents that would withstand environment rigors would ensure that every patient received full quantum of the prescribed therapeutic agent.Incorporation of stabilizers in molecular biol-ogy reagents would ensure full use of such reagents in the face of high humidity and temperature linked with impending global warming. 2,3 Surely, such therapeutics and diagnostic reagents against hepatitis B or C virus would eliminate erroneous laboratory data, poor therapeutic response, and emergence of resistant viral populations attributable to poor quality therapeutic agents.
Variable Airway Responsiveness to Inhaled Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: JOEL N. KLINE, J. DAVID COWDEN, GARY W. HUNNINGHAKE, BRIAN C. SCHUTTE, JANET L. WATT, CHRISTINE L. WOHLFORD-LENANE, LINDA S. POWERS, MICHAEL P. JONES, DAVID A. SCHWARTZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Individuals exposed to inhaled endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) can develop airway symptomatology and exacerbations of asthma. Moreover, among those occupationally exposed to organic dusts, the progression of airflow obstruction is related to the endotoxin concentration in the bioaerosol. Not everyone exposed to high concentrations of LPS develops these problems. To determine whether individuals express a differential response to inhaled LPS, we challenged 72 healthy volunteers with increasing doses of LPS. Airflow was assessed after each dose and the protocol was terminated for decline in FEV1 ⩾ 20%. Marked differences in the response to inhaled LPS were observed: eight "sensitive" subjects had at least 20% decline in their FEV1 after inhaling 6.5 μ g or less of LPS, whereas 11 "hyporesponsive" subjects maintained an FEV1 ⩾ 90% of their baseline even after inhaling 41.5 μ g of LPS. Serial testing demonstrated that the response to inhaled LPS is reproducible. Sensitive subjects were more commonly female and hyporesponsive subjects were more often male (p = 0.016). Peripheral blood monocytes from hyporesponsive subjects, compared with sensitive subjects, released less interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. These findings demonstrate that an LPS phenotype can be reproducibly elicited in humans, which creates an opportunity to identify genes involved in this response to inhaled LPS.
Quantitative Analysis of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kenoki Ohuchida, Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Daisuke Yamada, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Konomi, Eishi Nagai, Koji Yamaguchi, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, Masao Tanaka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Although telomerase activity is a promising diagnostic marker, clinical introduction of this marker for cancer diagnosis is still problematic due to the lack of means of evaluating sample quality. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), one of the subunits of telomerase, is also a promising diagnostic marker. In the present study, we did large-scale analysis of 88 pancreatic juice samples to determine the feasibility of quantitative analysis of hTERT mRNA for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We found significant differences in hTERT expression among carcinoma-derived, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)–derived, and chronic pancreatitis–derived juice samples. Results showed that quantitative analyses of hTERT mRNAs are more useful in discriminating carcinoma from IPMN than from chronic pancreatitis. When the specificity was set at 100%, the sensitivity for differentiation between carcinoma and IPMN was 43.5%, whereas the sensitivity of cytologic examination was 22.0%. There were significant differences in hTERT expression among carcinoma cells, IPMN cells, and normal ductal cells isolated from pancreatic tissues by microdissection. Lymphocytes and hyperplastic epithelial cells isolated from tissues with the histologic appearance of pancreatitis showed various expression levels of hTERT. Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of hTERT mRNA in pancreatic juice is advantageous over cytologic analysis for differentiation between carcinoma and IPMN but probably not for differentiation between carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
Laboratory preparedness in EU/EEA countries for detection of novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, May 2013
Authors: E Broberg, D Pereyaslov, M Struelens, D Palm, A Meijer, J Ellis, M Zambon, J McCauley, R Daniels
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Following human infections with novel avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe and the European Reference Laboratory Network for Human Influenza (ERLI-Net) rapidly posted relevant information, including real-time RT-PCR protocols. An influenza RNA sequence-based computational assessment of detection capabilities for this virus was conducted in 32 national influenza reference laboratories in 29 countries, mostly WHO National Influenza Centres participating in the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). Twenty-seven countries considered their generic influenza A virus detection assay to be appropriate for the novel A(H7N9) viruses. Twenty-two countries reported having containment facilities suitable for its isolation and propagation. Laboratories in 27 countries had applied specific H7 real-time RT-PCR assays and 20 countries had N9 assays in place. Positive control virus RNA was provided by the WHO Collaborating Centre in London to 34 laboratories in 22 countries to allow evaluation of their assays. Performance of the generic influenza A virus detection and H7 and N9 subtyping assays was good in 24 laboratories in 19 countries. The survey showed that ERLI-Net laboratories had rapidly developed and verified good capability to detect the novel A(H7N9) influenza viruses.
Ruptured Aneurysm of the Splenic Artery during Pregnancy
Authors: J. F. E. Gillam
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Inuit in the Arctic are experiencing an increase in tuberculosis cases, reaching levels in Greenland comparable to high-incidence countries. This prompted us to study the level of tuberculosis transmission to Greenlandic children. Specifically, we estimated the current prevalence of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection (MTI) and the underlying annual risk of MTI. 2,231 Greenlandic school children aged 5–17 yrs (∼25% of the Greenlandic population in the relevant age group) were tested for MTI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-tube test. Subjects with dual-positive results were considered infected and subjects with dual-negative results uninfected. The children with discordant test results were classified as probably having MTI and analysed separately. 8.1% of the children had dual-positive test results. The annual risk of MTI was estimated as 0.80% (95% CI 0.67–0.92%) giving a cumulative risk at the 18th birthday of 13.4%. The annual risk of MTI varied substantially by ethnicity (0.87% in Inuit children, 0.02% in non-Inuit children; p&lt;0.001) and by location (0.13% on the west coast, 1.68% on the south coast; p&lt;0.001). <i>M. tuberculosis</i> transmission occurs at a very high level in Inuit children with pronounced geographic differences emphasising the need for immediate public health interventions.
Tc-99m HMPAO Hyperfixation and Reversal on Cerebral SPECT Imaging After Subacute Ischemic Infarction
Authors: FRANK J. PAPATHEOFANIS, PARVEZ SHIRAZI, SUDHA GUPTA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Regional cerebral hyperfixation of radiotracer has been described in patients after subacute ischemic infarction. The authors report a patient with subacute infarction of the right cerebral hemisphere involving the distribution of the middle cerebral artery. Technetium-99m HMPAO SPECT images of the brain obtained 3 weeks after clinical presentation demonstrated a focal, band-like area of intense radiotracer uptake corresponding to the infarct region. Four weeks later, the same area of hyperfixation demonstrated hypoperfusion on Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. Possible mechanisms of Initially increased and later decreased tracer activity in the region of infarction include cerebral autoregulation, and altered Tc-99m HMPAO transport because of acidosis-mediated changes in membrane (neuron, endothelial cell, etc) permeability.
Moses Maimonides' Treatise on Poisons
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

TheTreatise on Poisons and Their Antidoteswas written by Moses Maimonides, in two parts, at the request of his lord protector, the Visier Kadhi Al Fadhil,1also known as Abu-Rahim ben 'Ali el Beisani,2in the Muhammadan month of Ramadhan in the year 595 (corresponding approximately to July 1198). Maimonides himself states this in the introduction to his work, where he also mentions that he entitled his discourseTreatise to the Honored One or Treatise of Fadhil:   was in the month of Ramadhan in the year 595 that His Highness addressed his humble servant and said: It occurred to me yesterday that someone might be bitten by a poisonous animal and the poison spread throughout his body... and he would die... therefore, I order you... to write a short and concise manual of first aid to the bitten person.  In compliance with the command and wish
LONG-TERM THERAPY WITH CAPADENOSON, A PARTIAL ADENOSINE A 1 -RECEPTOR AGONIST, RESTORES UTILIZATION OF FATTY ACIDS BY MITOCHONDRIA IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ramesh C. Gupta, Kristina Szekely, Mengjun Wang, Sharad Rastogi, Kefei Zhang, Barbara Albrecht-Küpper, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ULTRASOUND TARGETED MICROBUBBLE DESTRUCTION COUPLED WITH HEMOCOAGULASE LIPOSOMES COMPLEX FOR NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Yekuo Li, Ting Li, Fei Yan, Qiaofeng Jin, Ruixue Xu, Qunfang Zhou, Guizhong Yuan, Hairong Zheng, Shuping Ge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abortion in Poland
Authors: Z. Szawarski
Journal: BMJ (1993)

As of July 1991 abortion is still legal in Poland.  Currently the Polish Parliament has taken a break from the debate because the issue is so important that any decision must not be made in past.  There is strong pressure from the Catholic Church to eliminate access to abortion.  In the fall the Polish people will vote for and elect their first truly democratic Parliament.  Abortion does not seem to be playing as important a role as other political issues.  In 1956 a law was passed that allowed a woman to have an abortion for medical or social reasons.  This law resulted in allowing women in Poland to use abortion as their primary form of contraception.  The vast majority of the abortions were performed under the social justification.   Then when democracy same to Poland with the help of the Catholic Church an unprecedented debate in the mass media churches and educational institutions was stirred up.  The government attempted to stay out of the debate at first.  But as people from different side of the debate saw that they had an opportunity to influence things in their favor they began to politicize the issue.  Currently there are 4 different drafts of the new Polish abortion law.  3 of them radically condemn abortion while the 4th condemns it as a method of family planning but allows to terminate pregnancies in order to save the life of the mother.
Genomics and polymorphism of Agph-DAB1, an Mhc class II B gene in red- winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)
Authors: S. V. Edwards, J. Gasper, M. March
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

To further our understanding of the evolution of avian Mhc genes at the genomic level, we screened a cosmid library made from a red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) with a blackbird cDNA probe and subcloned from one of the Mhc-containing cosmids a gene which we designate Agph-DAB1. The structure of the gene is similar to that found for chicken class II B genes, except that the introns are surprisingly large, ranging from 98 to over 600 bp, making this the longest avian class II B gene to date. Using primers targeted toward the introns flanking the peptide-binding region (PBR), we amplified the entirety of the second exon and determined nucleotide sequences of 41 PCR products from eight individual blackbirds. The 10 sequence types found, among which were two probable pseudogene sequences, exhibit the classic hallmarks for evolution of PBRs, namely, an excess of nonsynonymous over synonymous substitutions and evidence of gene conversion events in polymorphic subdomains. Despite these patterns and our use of intron primers, the distribution of sequences among individuals suggests that more than one locus was amplified in most individuals, and the bushlike tree of sequences provides little information as to locus-specific clusters. These results imply a complex history of gene conversion, recent duplication, or possibly, concerted evolution among multiple loci, although Agph-DAB1, the first genomic Mhc sequence from a bird other than chicken, provides important clues in the quest for locus-specific Mhc primers in birds.
Mortality with oesophageal varices: different things to different people
Authors: K S Henley
Journal: Gut (2002)

LeBrec ( Gut2001;49:607–8 [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] ) has summarised reports showing that mortality from bleeding varices has significantly decreased in the past few decades. Because of the limited follow up in some of these publications, we have examined the published mortality from bleeding varices where follow up data were available for at least one year (group BV). For comparison, similar data were collected from studies in patients with known varices who had not bled (group NBV). For inclusion, patients had to be reported in a randomised controlled trial, published in full … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DLEBREC%26rft.auinit1%253DD%26rft.volume%253D49%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D607%26rft.epage%253D608%26rft.atitle%253DLife%252C%2Bdeath%252C%2Band%2Bvarices%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11600456%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=49/5/607&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F51%2F6%2F894.1.atom
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: John E. Tritsch, Irving H. Saxe, Edward Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE sulfonamides have become well established as invaluable agents in the treatment of many infective conditions. As a result, the tendency has been to regard the drugs equally effective in any infective state, and they are given routinely by many physicians whenever a febrile inflammatory condition develops.For some time, we had doubted the value of the sulfonamides in many of the cases of pelvic inflammatory disease under our care at the Metropolitan Hospital. We therefore examined the literature to determine the experience of others in the use of the drugs in such diseases.As early as 1938, Gillett1 believed . . .