tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novartis breached code after doctors say it "invented" a disease
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Background/Aim: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique for evaluating patients with primary and metastatic tumors. The contrast agents improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI. Large quantities of a contrast agent must be administrated into the patient to obtain useful images, which leads to cell injury. Gadolinium has been reported to cause central lobular necrosis of the liver and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. However, the toxicity caused on brain tissue is uncertain. Materials and Methods: This study mainly aimed on the in vitro study of high concentration (2 and 5-fold of normal concentration) gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), gadodiamide (Omniscan<sup>®</sup>), on normal brain glial SVG P12 cells. MTT assay, DAPI staining, immunofluorescent staining, LysoTracker Red staining, and western blotting analysis were applied on the cells. Results: The viability of gadodiamide (1.3, 2.6, 5.2, 13 and 26 mM)-treated SVG P12 cells was significantly reduced after 24 h of incubation. Gadodiamide caused significant autophagic flux at 2.6, 5.2 and 13.0 mM as seen by acridine orange (AO) staining, LC-3-GFP and LysoTracker Red staining. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins such as beclin-1, ATG-5, ATG-14 and LC-3 II were up-regulated after 24 h of gadodiamide incubation. Autophagy inhibitors including 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1 (Baf) significantly alleviated the autophagic cell death effect of gadodiamide on normal brain glial SVG P12 cells. Gadodiamide induced significant apoptotic effects at 5.2 mM and 13.0 mM as seen by DAPI staining and the pan-caspase inhibitor significantly alleviated the apoptotic effect. Gadodiamide at 5.2 mM and 13.0 mM inhibited antiapoptotic protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, while promoted pro-apoptotic protein expression levels of Bax, BAD, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3. Conclusion: Normal brain glial SVG P12 cells treated with high concentrations of gadodiamide can undergo autophagy and apoptosis.
Neglect of Practitioners in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Peter J. Leahy
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Considerable praise should be paid to Dr. Samuel A. Levine for his recent Critical Commentary, "Our Neglect of General Internists and Practitioners in Teaching Hospitals," which appeared in the Oct 26, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>190</b>:286). It is particularly encouraging to see someone of Dr. Levine's stature take such a stand on this important issue. For too long has the education of medical students, interns, and residents been in the hands of full time academic men who are not properly oriented to the clinical practice of medicine. There is no question, as Dr. Levine notes, that heads of departments should be full time people whose evaluation of medical education, teaching, and research are not interfered with by the daily clinical practice of medicine. However, the orientation presently given to the average medical student is certainly not that which will be to his best advantage in
Transparency Standards for Diabetes Performance Measures
Authors: David Aron, Leonard Pogach
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The "Antileadership Vaccine" in Medical Education
Authors: HALSTED HOLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Advances in understanding of human biology and demands of citizens for improved medical care raise questions about the capacity of existing leadership in medical education to initiate needed change in the educational experience given students and young physicians. Existing attitudes and practices among faculties often provide inadequate examples for students and create a stultifying atmosphere. Examination of the nature of leadership and an involvement of students more as colleagues in the intellectual process of medicine may yield better medical and leadership capabilities within the profession in the future. Improved leadership is essential for realizing the potentials for health care in the nation.
Tight Glucose Control in Critically Ill Adults—Reply
Authors: Renda Soylemez Wiener
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preparation for the Study of Medicine
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The book is a collection of 23 papers, well-edited, mostly interesting, with useful summaries after each section, supplemented by ten appendixes, including a select bibliography. Such an elaborate discussion rejuvenates the problem of "student affairs," at least for the dean's staff and the educationists, who must share knowledge of this important subject with their general faculty, our profession, and the public. The meeting, held only three years ago, already seems somewhat dated, suggesting that real change is coming more rapidly now. Is it true that present-day medical students have better basic science training than their faculty? Several undergraduate educators suggest that this gap is important in planning a new medical curriculum that will stimulate learning rather than protect the faculty. Similarly, we need much-improved counseling of persons interested in premedical education from the freshman year, several authorities agreed. No one revealed proved tactics to achieve this, or how to overcome
Abstract 2764: High-resolution HLA typing by next-generation sequencing and risk of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Nicholas K. Akers, Lucia Conde, Martyn T. Smith, Paige M. Bracci, Christine F. Skibola
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The molecular basis of follicular lymphoma (FL) has been fairly well characterized, although its root causes remain less clear. Recently, in two genome-wide association studies of European-Americans, we identified novel genetic susceptibility loci for FL, narrowed down to two independent regions on chromosome 6p21.3 in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Skibola et al., Nat Gen 41(8):873-5., 2009; Conde et al., Nat Gen 42(8):661-4, 2010). The first susceptibility locus, rs6457327 (combined allelic p-value=4.7 × 10-11 in 645 patients and 3,377 controls), is part of a 26-kb region of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the MHC Class 1 region at 6p21.33 in close proximity to the psoriasis susceptibility region 1 (PSORS1). A second locus at 6p21.32, in the MHC Class II region upstream of HLA-DQB1, two SNPs in high LD, rs10484561 and rs7755224, were associated with 2-fold increased risks for FL in 1,465 patients and 6,958 controls (combined p-values=1.12×10-29, 2.00×10-19). Using tag SNPs as surrogates for HLA allelotypes, the latter loci were found to be part of an extended haplotype that includes HLA-DRB1*0101-HLA-DQA1*0101-HLA-DQB1*0501 and that was associated with increased FL risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-3.06]. These findings were further validated by direct typing of HLA-DQB1 alleles in a subset of 265 FL cases and 757 controls using multiplexed, ligation-dependent probe amplification. We verified the positive association between FL and the HLA-DQB1*05 allele group (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.22-1.99; adjusted p-value=7.7×10-3), and found an inverse association between the HLA-DQB1*06 allele group and FL risk (OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.69; adjusted p-value=1.98×10-5). To gain further insight into the role of HLA alleles in FL susceptibility, high-resolution HLA typing by next-generation sequencing of the HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DRB1/3/4/5, DQA1, DQB1, DPB1) genes was conducted in 222 FL patients and 220 sex- and age-matched controls. HLA typing was performed by sequencing exon 2 for the class II genes and exons 2-4 for the class I genes, as described previously (Bentley, G et al. Tissue Antigens. 74:393-403, 2009), and data analysis is underway. To our knowledge, this study will present the highest resolution (up to 8-digit) HLA typing reported in a sample of European-Americans, and is an important next step to determine the role of MHC genetic variation in the pathogenesis of FL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2764. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2764
The Romance of Charles H. Liebermann, MD
Authors: S. M. Rabson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  May I add to  Romance of Liebermann, JAMA 75 years ago ( 207 :1601, 1969). Dr. Charles H. Liebermann was born in Riga, Russia, Sept 15, 1813, and died in Washington, DC, March 27, 1886. Although he was not a member of local Jewish organizations, his neighbors regarded him as of that faith. He was one of the nine physicians at Lincoln's deathbed and is pictured among the many figures in Alonzo Chappel's painting (1867),  Last Hours of Lincoln.  The year he emigrated to the United States, 1840, he is said to have performed the first operation for strabismus in this country. He spent his entire American professional life in Washington, DC. One of the founders of Georgetown University's medical school, he was professor of surgery on two occasions, 1849-1853 and 1857-1861. 2
The Mechanisms of the Geriatric Clinic and Its Place in the Community
Authors: Robert T. Monroe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

GERIATRIC clinics have long been advocated as the efficient means by which a community can care for those of its older people who are sick. I have been such an advocate, and have reported elsewhere on the uses of such a clinic1 and on the responsibilities of the geriatric physician.2 Few of them, however, have been established, and some of them have been abandoned. This suggests that there may be some flaws in the idea that it would be wise to discover.One flaw appears to be a matter of semantics. What really is geriatrics? What is gerontology? How far . . .
Background progenitor activation is associated with recurrence after hepatectomy of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xiong Cai, Jian Zhai, David E. Kaplan, Yijun Zhang, Lining Zhou, Xutao Chen, Guangyang Qian, Qiudong Zhao, Yonghai Li, Lu Gao, Wenming Cong, Minghua Zhu, Zhenlin Yan, Lehua Shi, Dong Wu, Lixin Wei, Feng Shen, Mengchao Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) play important roles in both liver regeneration and carcinogenesis. Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC), a malignant primary liver tumor with poor prognosis, is thought to be of HPC origin. However, the prognostic significance of this etiology is not well defined. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the relationship of HPC-related pathological features and long-term outcome in patients with CHC in our department. In a cohort of 80 patients identified between 1997 and 2003, including 70 patients who underwent resection with curative intent, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were correlated with the proliferative activity of nontumor ductular reaction (DR) and the expression levels of HPC and biliary markers including α-fetoprotein (AFP), keratin 7 (K7), keratin 19 (K19), oval cell (OV)-6, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and c-Kit in both tumor and nontumor liver. We found that nontumor ductular reactions (DRs), specifically the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index of the ductular reaction (PI-DR), a surrogate for transit-amplifying compartments, was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS. By contrast, intratumoral expression of only one marker, absence of AFP, was associated with OS. PI-DR was also independently associated with synchronous "multicentric occurrence" in hepatocellular carcinoma components, a feature of CHC that may predispose to metachronous multifocal tumorigenesis.Proliferative ductular reaction related to HPC activation is associated with recurrence of CHC. Background HPC activation is strongly associated with multifocal occurrence and related tumor recurrence, highlighting the critical role of background liver disease, a "field effect," in the recurrence of CHC.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transgastric drainage for omental bursa abscess complicating appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis
Authors: H. Imazu, Y. Kawahara, S. Koyama, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Surgery is currently the mainstay of treatment for intra-abdominal abscess, although operative mortality is high [1]. Percutaneous drainage is another option but is associated with significant morbidity due to the relatively long route used for catheter placement [1] [2]. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is potentially safe and effective for intra-abdominal abscess. We report a case of omental bursa abscess complicating appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis that was successfully and safely drained under EUS guidance.
Evaluation of Superior Vena Cava Obstruction-Reply
Authors: Gerald L. Logue
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We heartily agree with Dr Winzelberg that CT is useful for examination of patients with mediastinal or chest masses, including those who have superior vena cava syndrome of unknown cause. Despite these radiological advances, however, pathological diagnosis—either by cytological or microscopic section—is still imperative. Thus, there is a need for invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and thoracentesis in patients with superior vena cava syndrome of unknown cause.
Using conjoint analysis to elicit preferences for health care
Authors: M. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Traditionally the extent of patients' involvement in medical decision making has been minimal. This has been true at both the micro level of the patient consultation with a doctor and the macro level of planning and developing healthcare services. Since 1989, however, greater involvement of patients and the community in these processes has been advocated.1–5 In principle, the elicitation of patients' and the community's values represents a big step forward in terms of enhancing the benefits from the provision of health care. For the exercise to be worth while, however, the information obtained must be useful and scientifically defensible.6 During the 1990s, conjoint analysis was developed to elicit patients' and the community's views on health care.

#### Summary points

Conjoint analysis is a rigorous method of eliciting preferences

It allows estimation of the relative importance of different aspects of care, the trade-offs between these aspects, and the total satisfaction or utility that respondents derive from healthcare services

The technique can help with decision making for some of the issues facing the NHS

Though further applications of conjoint analysis are encouraged, methodological issues need further consideration

This paper explains conjoint analysis, provides examples of applications in health care which were obtained from a systematic review of databases between 1989 and 1999 (Medline, Embase, HealthSTAR, PsychLIT, EconLIT), and uses a study in orthodontic care to show the uses and pitfalls of the technique.

The survey method of data collection and analysis known as conjoint analysis was developed in mathematical psychology and has a strong theoretical basis.7–9 It has been successfully used in market research,10 transport economics,11 and environmental economics 12 13 and was recommended to the UK Treasury for valuing quality in the provision of public services.14 Within these areas it has been well received …
AVERAGE AGE OF PHYSICIANS AT DEATH
Authors: Richard A. Rendich
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The analysis of the statistics obtained from the obituary list ofThe Journal(Deaths of Physicians in 1941, editorial, June 13, p. 565) reminds me of an interesting finding gleaned from that section some time ago. Weekly review of that column never failed to arouse my curiosity as to the average age of the physicians whose deaths were reported at the top of the list compared to that of those at the bottom. It seemed an unusual opportunity to determine what price success or probably, more correctly, prominence. From this information, the life span of the physicians who attained position and prestige could be compared to that of those who appear to have lived under less stress among their patients. To satisfy this curiosity, our resident, Dr. Mortimer Camiel, averaged the age of the first and the last ten of each column of thirty successive issues of
Government sticks with plan to make local councils responsible for public health
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government has strengthened the independence of its new national public health body, Public Health England, and clarified the role of public health directors in response to the consultation on its white paper Healthy Lives, Healthy People ( BMJ 2010;341:c6938, doi:10.1136/bmj.c6938).

But it is sticking to its plan to shift day to day responsibility for much work in public health to local councils and to transfer public health staff such as health visitors and school nurses from NHS control to local authorities.

It also remains committed to encouraging healthy behaviour by “nudging” people into making healthy choices “rather than relying solely on the blunt tools …
ON THE NATURE OF BACTERIAL ALLERGIES
Authors: Hans Zinsser, J. Howard Mueller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. There seems no further possibility of questioning the opinion that the development of tuberculin sensitiveness is definitely associated with the development of tissue reactions in the form of inflammatory processes; the mere development of antibodies on the injection of dissolved bacterial materials does not induce allergy. 2. Passive transfer of tuberculin allergy to guinea pigs may be accomplished by injections not only of the tissue extracts of the tuberculous foci of rabbits, but also of the sera of such rabbits, provided multiple, well developed, and not too advanced lesions are present in the rabbits furnishing them. The exact criteria by which such results can be regularly obtained have not yet been ascertained; our results in this respect, though definite, have been irregular and occasional. It is clear, moreover, that the capacity to convey such allergic hypersensitiveness has no relationship to the precipitating capacity of the serum for residue materials. 3. Just as the allergy-conveying power of the serum and its precipitating powers for residue are separable, so, also, the bacterial extracts representing the antigens for these reactions are separable, the residue material being particularly concerned in the specific precipitations with immune serum, the so called nucleoprotein being associated with allergic reactions in the tuberculous animals.
PTU-037 Improving Acute upper GI Bleeding Services in a District General Hospital: Abstract PTU-037 Table
Authors: D R Moffat, I Gooding, A Sundaralingam, M T Wong, K Shaw
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colchester General Hospital (CGH) serves a population of 360,000. Approximately 300–350 patients present with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) per annum. NICE guidelines recommend gastroscopy (OGD) within 24 hours of presentation. In 2009, there was no dedicated provision for OGD for UGIB cases. Only 15% of patients at CGH met the 24 hour target. To improve performance, we introduced a new Early Morning Bleeding (EMB) OGD list. The EMB list providesprotected endoscopy slots between 08:00 to 09:00. This 5 days week service was introduced in July 2009. To further improve our performance we extended this to an EMB list 7 days a week in November 2011. Data was collected for 2011 and 2012 to assess the outcomes of our performance. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected for all UGIB cases over the same three-month period (March- May) in 2009, 2011 and 2012. Cases were identified from investigation request forms. Inclusion for the analysis was the OGD indication being either for haematemesis, melaena or unexplained haemoglobin drop. For each case we obtained the admission date and time, OGD date and time and the length of hospital stay (LOS) from hospital databases. The endoscopic diagnosis and treatment information was also collected. <b>Patient</b> s admitted for UGIB were separated from patients developing bleeding after admission, by the use of electronic discharge summaries and patient records. Wait from admission to OGD and LOS were calculated for patients admitted for UGIB. Surgical theatre logbooks were consulted to identify emergency out-of-hour OGDs for the period 2007–2012. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare wait times to OGD and LOS. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> Providing an EMB list 7-days is an effective method to improve services. Compliance with 24hr target guidelines improved from 14.8% to 75%. LOS was reduced by 50%. Providing a 5-day service resulted in substantial improvements but did not achieve adequate compliance. Whilst our study is too small to assess any impact on mortality, the reduction in emergency out-of-hours procedures with a 7-day service indicates an improvement in patient safety. The EMB system is relatively cheap: during the week no new resources are required. We had only to staff new lists at weekends. The system ensures that most procedures are performed by consultant gastroenterologists experienced in endoscopic therapy for UGIB. The marked reduction in emergency cases suggests that any further improvements in outcomes from providing a (much more expensive) 24/7 service are unlikely to be cost effective. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared