tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Penicillin and Anaphylactoid Reactions
Authors: James H. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Anaphylactic reactions following parenteral administration of penicillin are well recognized, however, it is generally thought that sensitization to oral administration of penicillin is uncommon. Severe reactions occur more often than is suspected with an oral dose of penicillin and may carry a significant risk. 1-3   The following case is a good example of an immediate drug reaction in a sensitized person following a single oral dose of penicillin G.  Report of a Case:—  A 32-year-old physician's wife had no prior history of allergies or drug reactions; except a questionable urticarial reaction following a week of oral administration of penicillin for a sinus infection, six weeks prior to the present episode.  After four days of self-prescribed tetracyline for an undiagnosed pharyngitis, she switched to penicillin G. On the morning of the fifth day, twenty minutes after a large breakfast she took a 125 mg penicillin G tablet. Seven
Notch signaling regulates formation of the three-dimensional architecture of intrahepatic bile ducts in mice
Authors: Erin E. Sparks, Kari A. Huppert, Melanie A. Brown, M. Kay Washington, Stacey S. Huppert
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Alagille syndrome, a chronic hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs). To determine the impact of Notch signaling specifically on IHBD arborization, we studied the influence of both chronic gain and loss of Notch function on the intact three-dimensional IHBD structure using a series of mutant mouse models and a resin casting method. Impaired Notch signaling in bipotential hepatoblast progenitor cells (BHPCs) dose-dependently decreased the density of peripheral IHBDs, whereas activation of Notch1 results in an increased density of peripheral IHBDs. Although Notch2 has a dominant role in IHBD formation, there is also a redundant role for other Notch receptors in determining the density of peripheral IHBDs. Because changes in IHBD density do not appear to be due to changes in cellular proliferation of bile duct progenitors, we suggest that Notch plays a permissive role in cooperation with other factors to influence lineage decisions of BHPCs and sustain peripheral IHBDs. Conclusion: There is a threshold requirement for Notch signaling at multiple steps, including IHBD tubulogenesis and maintenance, during hepatic development that determines the density of three-dimensional peripheral IHBD architecture. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
The double-balloon and Inoue techniques in percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: Comparative results in a series of 232 cases
Authors: Jean-Pierre Bassand, François Schiele, Yvette Bernard, Thierry Anguenot, Michel Payet, Serigne Abdou, Jean-Patrick Daspet, Jean-Pierre Maurat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Some Points in the Pathology and Treatment of Acute Capillary Bronchitis
Authors: J. K. Spender
Journal: BMJ (1868)

adnageepoa.The ruls of these experimetsho that te p formance of such a formidabl operation or that puose ould, i a 'pbability prove of little value; and, therefore, I take the liberty of esting tie propiety of making further invesdtigations on this point before adopting such a procedure.
The Brain Has a Mind of Its Own: Insights From a Practicing Neurologist
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Richard Restak, a prominent practicing neurologist in Washington, DC, has the good fortune to manipulate the pen with as much ability as he does the neurological hammer! He has become well known to the lay public through his excellent popularization of the most complex of all human organs, the brain. It should be added that, although his book was written for the intelligent layperson, it has helped many medical students and young neurologists to understand the form and function of the nervous system. The current volume deals considerably more with what one might call the psychiatric functions of the brain as opposed to its role in regulating motor activity and interpreting sensory information. It consists of a number of essays, which exhibit an extraordinary and fascinating breadth and depth of knowledge of the intricacies and interrelationships of brain function and human behavior. It is inevitable that in nearly all essays
EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SPECT APPROPRIATENESS CRITERIA WITH CLINICAL OUTCOMES: A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Kaelin DeMuth, Joseph Freedman, Marlow Hernandez, Jaime Rodriguez, Randall Schwartz, Irene Lambiris, Craig Asher, Gian Novaro, David Wolinsky, Martin Harris, Randall Starling, Michael Shen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Involvement of FrzA/sFRP-1 and the Wnt/Frizzled Pathway in Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Laurent Barandon, Pascale Dufourcq, Pierre Costet, Catherine Moreau, Cécile Allières, Danièle Daret, Pierre Dos Santos, Jean-Marie Daniel Lamazière, Thierry Couffinhal, Cécile Duplàa
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta via the Akt/PI3-Kinase pathway during ischemic preconditioning (PC) has been shown to be cardioprotective. As FrzA/sFRP-1, a secreted antagonist of the Wnt/Frizzled pathway, is expressed in the heart and is able to decrease the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta in vitro on vascular cells, we examined its effect during PC using transgenic mouse overexpressing FrzA in cardiomyocytes (alpha-MHC promoter) under a conditional transgene expression approach (tet-off system). Overexpression of FrzA inhibited the increase in GSK-3beta phosphorylation as well as protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon activation in transgenic mice after PC as compared with littermates. Phospho-Akt (P-Akt), phospho-JNK, or the cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels were not modified, phospho-p38 (P-p38) was slightly increased in transgenic mice after PC as compared with littermates. FrzA transgenic mice displayed a larger infarct size and a greater worsening of cardiac function compared with littermates. All these differences were reversed by the addition of doxycycline. This study demonstrates for the first time that disruption of a beta-catenin independent Wnt/Frizzled pathway induces the activation of GSK-3beta and reverses the benefit of preconditioning.
MALIGNANT CHORIONEPITHELIOMA UTERI
Authors: HENRY SCHMITZ
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Tumors of the chorion have interested the profession for many years. Saenger<sup>1</sup>in 1888 described the symptoms and diagnosis, and Fränkel<sup>2</sup>and Marchand<sup>3</sup>in 1895 demonstrated that the chorionic epithelium gave rise to these growths. In 1910 Ewing<sup>4</sup>published his investigations on the prognosis of these growths based on a histologic study. The difficulties of making a clinical and pathologic diagnosis of the diseases and the tumors of the chorion are great. The fact that under normal conditions syncytial wander cells are found in the decidua and the myometrium, and that some of the choriomas are composed of all the elements and others of only the epithelial cell elements of the trophoblast, are responsible for the difficulties in diagnosis. Six cases of malignant chorionepitheliomas were observed in our clinic within a relatively short time. They were referred on account of severe uterine bleedings, while one case
The Pregnancy at Risk for a Genetic Disorder
Authors: John W. Littlefield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN this week's issue of the Journal Nadler and Gerbie report the first large series of amniocenteses done around the sixteenth week of fetal gestation for prenatal genetic diagnosis — a new technic heralded in these columns a year ago.1 These authors have performed 162 amniocenteses in 155 pregnancies, and have collected 132 more cases from three other centers. First of all, this combined experience is reassuring because no complications were apparent in any mother or fetus. Although unlikely long-range effects must be excluded, it appears that the risk of amniocentesis at 16 weeks will be very low, as has . . .
A phase 1/1b study of rituximab, bendamustine, and ibrutinib in patients with untreated and relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kami Maddocks, Beth Christian, Samantha Jaglowski, Joseph Flynn, Jeffery A. Jones, Pierluigi Porcu, Lai Wei, Cynthia Jenkins, Gerard Lozanski, John C. Byrd, Kristie A. Blum
Journal: Blood (2014)
Nicole Baumgarth: Tackling flu from a B cell angle
Authors: Nicole Baumgarth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Like the innate antibodies she studies, Nicole Baumgarth acts fast in the face of adversity. When she wasn't allowed to enroll in the African livestock program that she had her heart set on in college, Baumgarth switched to mice. When Reagan was elected, she opted for the post-doc in Australia. When a car hit her bicycle soon after moving to the US for a second post-doc, she didn't head home defeated. Alone in the hospital with a five-part fracture in her left leg, she had no one to call save one former lab mate. Although the injury has left her limping 11 years and two surgeries later, she hasn't missed a step.




Figure 1





Nicole Baumgarth




Baumgarth came to California by way of Germany, the UK, and Australia. It was in Brisbane that she first got her hands on influenza, a virus of which she admiringly says elicits a nearly perfect immune response. In 1996 she moved to Stanford to work with Leonore Herzenberg on B cell responses to influenza (1). Now an associate professor at the University of California, Davis, Baumgarth finds herself back in a veterinary school environment. There, she takes a nontraditional approach to looking at how the body protects itself from various pathogens that plague society today. Besides influenza, that list includes Lyme disease, malaria, HPV, and HIV (2). She puts B cells above all else academic, focusing on the innate regulation of antibody production in response to infection (3–6).
Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease. III. Clinical characteristics and results of histocompatibility typing (HLA B27) in 50 patients with both ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: B.J Dekker-Saeys, S.G Meuwissen, E.M Van Den Berg-Loonen, W.H De Haas, K.A Meijers, G.N Tytgat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A study was made, in co-operation with several gastroenterology and rheumatology centres, of the clinical and genetic characteristics (HLA B27) of 50 patients suffering from both inflammatory bowel disease (38 Crohn's disease (CD), 12 ulcerated colitis (UC)) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the latter diagnosis being established according to the New York criteria. 20 CD (52.6%) and 8 UC (66.7%) patients were HLA B27 positive. The presence of HLA B27 was studied in relation to clinical parameters, such as first occurrence of symptoms of AS or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a history of peripheral arthritis, iridocyclitis, and a positive history of AS or IBD. Our patients were found to have heterogeneous clinical features: on one side of the spectrum a group of cases was distingiushed with the typical characteristics of idiopathic AS, often being HLA B27 positive. On the other side a smaller group of HLA B27 negative patients was observed, with severe intestinal inflammatory pathology, lacking most of the typical clinical features of idiopathic AS ('secondary' form of AS). Finally, between these two extremes a group of patients was found with less pronounced clinical or genetic characteristics. These different clinical and histocompatibility patterns suggest a mixed aetiopathogenesis of AS in IBD patients. Such a 'syndrome' of AS might harbour both idiopathic AS and forms of AS 'secondary' to the intestinal inflammatory pathology.
Benztropine Toxicity and Atropine Psychosis
Authors: Morton R. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> El-Yousef, Janowsky, Davis, and Sekerke (220:125, 1972) point out that antiparkinsonian drugs combined with "high doses of phenothiazines" can superimpose an atropine psychosis on the underlying psychiatric illness. We can confirm this from our own extensive experience with the combined use of both categories of drugs in psychotic patients. The three case vignettes presented by El-Yousef and his colleagues may be misleading because they do not illustrate the toxic effects of "high doses of phenothiazines" combined with antiparkinsonian agents, but instead show that moderate doses of phenothiazine-related compounds in association with unusually high doses of an antiparkinsonian drug can produce an atropine psychosis. Their patients were given 12 mg, 6 mg, and 8 mg/day, respectively, of benztropine mesylate to control the extrapyramidal syndromes of patients treated with phenothiazine-related drugs; such instances are rare. We estimate that fewer than 5% of our benztropine-treated patients require more than 4
Pharmacologic myocardial protection during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by intracoronary application of dipyridamole: Impact on hemodynamic function and left ventricular performance
Authors: Bodo E. Strauer, Ulrich E. Heidland, Matthias P. Heintzen, Bodo Schwartzkopff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effects of the Water-Treatment
Authors: W. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1844)

in all these the labour was very protracted and lin--trr Wer-,*0i-tagaofpremeatia of the placeitir.In the-efiu.b4e*or3x"ttthtmCWiMtierm of-uterine ge&4 t4 cbiIr w* qpnsd,,j.dtl&ered, buit stil- bon; ,t~e Pp+,fad k iecovey.In the second t thq, z94es~,w,f* bp r eighth month of pre-, narcy she lhad e:preced a shht "shvw" a week beior%, but it4'hd& oo'n Sewed.-In consequence of her carrjeint;*WbfAieteliilir en, a violent discharge of bi ddk 1a6, k*ditha4 ieased Wfore my, arrival.3gw *d io bekkit qu*et in bed, and to }have CoI ;sMbPAobV4 s.On tJati foliowing.day thW
Management of selected patients with hyperprolactinaemia by partial hypophysectomy.
Authors: M F Scanlon, J R Peters, J P Thomas, S H Richards, W H Morton, S Howell, E D Williams, M Hourihan, R Hall
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Results are reported in 35 patients with prolactinomas who underwent pituitary surgery within the past five years. After surgery prolactin concentrations became normal in 26 patients and symptoms were alleviated, and nine normal pregnancies were achieved in seven women, including all those who had complained of infertility. Normal prolactin concentrations were restored in 16 of 17 patients with tumours 5-19 mm in diameter but in only six of 11 with tumours less than or equal to 4 mm and four of seven with tumours greater than or equal to 20 mm. Normal prolactin concentrations were restored in all those with preoperative concentrations below 1000 mU/l but in none of those with concentrations above 10 000 mU/l. Although not all of the patients were followed up for five years, hyperprolactinaemia did not recur in any patient whose prolactin concentration had returned to normal six weeks after surgery. This included 16 patients with macroprolactinomas (greater than 10 mm in diameter), who were followed up for from two to five years. These data contrast strikingly with those reported by others at similar stages of follow up and show clearly that partial hypophysectomy offers an acceptable alternative treatment for selected patients with prolactinomas.
Non-neoplastic enterogenous submucosal cystic lesion of the colon
Authors: Y. Yeh, W. Huang, C. Kuo, J. Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Non-neoplastic enterogenous submucosal cystic lesions arise from the colonic or rectal wall, and more common ones include duplication cysts, lymphangiomas, and colitis cystic profunda [1]. An enterogenous cyst may detach itself from the intestinal wall and lie close to its point of origin, which may be in the intermuscular, submucosal, or subserosal layers of the intestinal wall. Accurate diagnosis of non-neoplastic enterogenous submucosal cystic lesions is difficult, and thus the preoperative diagnosis mainly depends on initial colonoscopy findings, which may provide information that supports the abnormal clinical findings [2].
An Outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Homosexual Men
Authors: STEPHEN E. FOLLANSBEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has rarely been reported in previously healthy persons over the age of 6 months. Five cases of P. carinii pneumonia in adult homosexual men, confirmed by biopsy results, are reported. All five patients were seropositive when tested for antibodies to cytomegalovirus and four had evidence of active concurrent cytomegalovirus infections. Kaposi's sarcoma was shown in two of the patients and one had possible Pneumocystis infection of the central nervous system as well as P. carinii pneumonia. Three patients had second episodes of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Four of the five patients have died. Past or concurrent cytomegalovirus infection and homosexuality were the only common epidemiologic features in all five patients.
The Changing Face of Heroin Use in the United States
Authors: Theodore J. Cicero, Matthew S. Ellis, Hilary L. Surratt, Steven P. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Over the past several years, there have been a number of mainstream media reports that the abuse of heroin has migrated from low-income urban areas with large minority populations to more affluent suburban and rural areas with primarily white populations.To examine the veracity of these anecdotal reports and define the relationship between the abuse of prescription opioids and the abuse of heroin.Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed (1) data from an ongoing study that uses structured, self-administered surveys to gather retrospective data on past drug use patterns among patients entering substance abuse treatment programs across the country who received a primary (DSM-IV) diagnosis of heroin use/dependence (n = 2797) and (2) data from unstructured qualitative interviews with a subset of patients (n = 54) who completed the structured interview.In addition to data on population demographics and current residential location, we used cross-tabulations to assess prevalence rates as a function of the decade of the initiation of abuse for (1) first opioid used (prescription opioid or heroin), (2) sex, (3) race/ethnicity, and (4) age at first use. Respondents indicated in an open-ended format why they chose heroin as their primary drug and the interrelationship between their use of heroin and their use of prescription opioids.Approximately 85% of treatment-seeking patients approached to complete the Survey of Key Informants' Patients Program did so. Respondents who began using heroin in the 1960s were predominantly young men (82.8%; mean age, 16.5 years) whose first opioid of abuse was heroin (80%). However, more recent users were older (mean age, 22.9 years) men and women living in less urban areas (75.2%) who were introduced to opioids through prescription drugs (75.0%). Whites and nonwhites were equally represented in those initiating use prior to the 1980s, but nearly 90% of respondents who began use in the last decade were white. Although the "high" produced by heroin was described as a significant factor in its selection, it was often used because it was more readily accessible and much less expensive than prescription opioids.Our data show that the demographic composition of heroin users entering treatment has shifted over the last 50 years such that heroin use has changed from an inner-city, minority-centered problem to one that has a more widespread geographical distribution, involving primarily white men and women in their late 20s living outside of large urban areas.
Physician-Assisted Death — A Last Resort?
Authors: Linda Ganzini, Susan Block
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

During the past decade, patients with the uncommon disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have had a prominent role in the debate about physician-assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia. In Canada and Great Britain, patients with ALS have challenged legal bans on physician-assisted death. A widely viewed videotape of a patient in the Netherlands choosing euthanasia generated considerable controversy. In the United States, millions watched Jack Kevorkian euthanize Thomas Youk, a patient with ALS, on the CBS news program 60 Minutes.As compared with patients with other terminal illnesses, those with ALS are more likely to request physician-assisted death. Veldink . . .
Training for overseas doctors: Scheme set up to fill unpopular posts
Authors: S S Varman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

and about 65 trainees.No posts are set aside or reserved either for British doctors or for those on the scheme.I endorse the final recommendation-that doctors should not come to the United Kingdom unless they have a specific understanding concerning their appointment-but this is a matter for the organisers of the Overseas Doctors Training Scheme in London and Edinburgh.
Hydrocortisone Ointment in the Treatment of Infantile Eczema
Authors: Lewis Webb Hill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

HYDROCORTISONE ointment has been found to be valuable in the treatment of some cases of eczema.1 2 3 4 As far as I know, there are only two reports to date devoted exclusively to its use in infants and children.McCorriston5 treated 104 children, in all of whom the hydrocortisone ointment produced greater improvement than the control base alone. In very severe cases the 2.5 per cent ointment was more, and in most patients the 1 per cent was equally effective.Witten et al.6 treated 30 infants and young children, with a favorable response in 18. In spite of this not very high . . .
Dihydrogenated Ergot Alkaloids in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension
Authors: HOMER J. DUPUY, JOHN SIGNORELLI, ALBERT M. ATTYAH
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The effect of the oral and intravenous administration of the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids on 25 cases of essential hypertension in the age group of 25 to 56 is reported with reference to (1) incidence of hypotensive effect, (2) degree of hypotensive effect, (3) duration of the hypotensive effect.
FDA chief resigns without warning
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

After only two months as commissioner, but 30 years at the organisation, Lester Crawford, head of the Food and Drug Administration, abruptly resigned last Friday. He sent an email message to FDA staff members saying, “It is time, at the age of 67, to step aside.”

President Bush immediately named Andrew von Eschenbach, director of the National Cancer Institute, as temporary commissioner. Dr von Eschenbach said he would continue to hold both jobs.

The New York Times this week reported an anonymous government official as claiming that Dr Crawford's resignation was related to the fact …
DID THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION IMPROVED OVER THE LAST DECADE?
Authors: Gabriel Maluenda, Ana Laynez, Gabriel Sardi, Itsik Ben-Dor, Michael Mahmoudi, Michael Gaglia, Rafael Romaguera, Kohei Wakabayashi, Manuel Gonzalez, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Nelson L. Bernardo, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
KLF1 mutations are relatively more common in a thalassemia endemic region and ameliorate the severity of β-thalassemia
Authors: Dun Liu, Xinhua Zhang, Lihua Yu, Ren Cai, Xiaoxia Ma, Chengguang Zheng, Yuqiu Zhou, Qiji Liu, Xiaofeng Wei, Li Lin, Tizhen Yan, Jiwei Huang, Narla Mohandas, Xiuli An, Xiangmin Xu
Journal: Blood (2014)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in leukemic blasts defines a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia with adverse prognosis and superior NOD/SCID engrafting potential
Authors: A M S Cheung, T S K Wan, J C K Leung, L Y Y Chan, H Huang, Y L Kwong, R Liang, A Y H Leung
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
A Randomized, Comparative Study of Three Doses of AZD0865 and Esomeprazole for Healing of Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Peter J. Kahrilas, John Dent, Karsten Lauritsen, Peter Malfertheiner, Hans Denison, Stefan Franzén, Goran Hasselgren
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)