tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postmenopausal Hormone Use and Risk of Large-Bowel Cancer
Authors: P. A. Newcomb, B. E. Storer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

The epidemiology of large-bowel cancer suggests a role for endocrine factors in its development. Although analytic studies have not consistently provided evidence for an association between reproductive history and large-bowel cancer, some relatively small studies have observed a reduced risk among women using postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT).This study was planned to evaluate more precisely the relationship between HRT and the risk of colon and rectal cancers.Female residents of Wisconsin aged 30-74 years with a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer within 2 years were identified through a statewide tumor registry. Control subjects were randomly selected from lists of licensed drivers if the case subjects were less than 65 years old and from lists of Medicare beneficiaries if they were 65-74 years old. Information on post-menopausal hormone replacement use, medical history, and family history was obtained in telephone interviews. After premenopausal women were excluded, 694 case subjects and 1622 control subjects remained for analysis. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained from conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs). All RRs were adjusted for age, family history of large-bowel cancer, use of screening sigmoidoscopy, and recent alcohol consumption.Compared with postmenopausal women who never used HRT, recent users had an RR of 0.54 (95% CI = 0.36-0.81) for colon cancer and an RR of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.54-1.55) for rectal cancer. This inverse association was observed among users of both estrogen only and combined estrogen and progestin preparations. Decreasing time since last use was inversely associated with colon cancer risk (P for trend < .001). The effect of HRT appeared to be stronger among women at lower absolute risk of colon cancer, particularly among women with lean body mass.Use of HRT was associated with a statistically significant reduced risk of colon cancer. In contrast, no statistically significant relationship was observed for rectal cancer. Given the widespread use of postmenopausal hormones and the morbidity and mortality from adenocarcinoma of the bowel in women, these findings may have potentially important public health implications.
Intravenous Anaesthesia and Circulation Time
Authors: A. R. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABEInSH and congestion of the eyeball, perception of light was lost.Recur- ring glaucoma with pain led to excision in June, 1942." Histological examination of the excised eyes threw little light upon the aetiology.There was complete detachment of the retina, with gross intraocular haemorrhage, chiefly subretinal.Marked patchy thickenings of the ciliary body and choroid were evident, showing reactionary changes, but there was no certain evidence that vascular thrombosis was the initial factor."
Glucocorticoid receptors in human airways
Authors: L. Pujols, J. Mullol, A. Torrego, C. Picado
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Inhaled and intranasal glucocorticoids are the most common and effective drugs for controlling symptoms and airway inflammation in respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and nasal polyposis. The last few years have seen a growing understanding of the mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and, in particular, the receptor that mediates glucocorticoid actions, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In this revision we present an update on the GR gene, the expression and regulation of its gene products, namely GR α and GR β , as well as their alterations in pathological states. GR α is responsible for the induction and repression of target genes, it is expressed in virtually all human cells and tissues, and its expression is known to be downregulated by glucocorticoids. GR β has been found to act as a dominant negative inhibitor of GR α ‐mediated transactivation in in vitro studies with transfected cells, but it does not appear to have a significant inhibitory effect on GR α ‐mediated transrepression. In addition, for most tissues the expression of GR β , at least at the mRNA level, is extremely low compared with that of GR α . Some pro‐inflammatory cytokines appear to upregulate the expression of GR β , and increased GR β expression has been reported in diseases associated with glucocorticoid resistance or insensitivity, such as bronchial asthma, nasal polyposis, and ulcerative colitis. However, the possible role of GR β in modulating glucocorticoid sensitivity and/or resistance in vivo has been highly debated and it is not yet clear.
Diuretic-Induced Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Thomas J. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1976)

HYPERSENSITIVITY reactions in association with thiazide diuretics and furosemide include dermatitis, pneumonitis,<sup>1</sup>vasculitis,<sup>2</sup>allergic purpura with glomerulonephritis,<sup>3</sup>and possible allergic interstitial nephritis causing reversible renal failure.<sup>4</sup>We report a patient with long-standing membranous glomerulonephritis in whom rapidly progressive azotemia developed while he was taking a combination of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old man was referred to the Dallas Veterans Administration Hospital on Dec 12, 1974, for dialysis because of progressive azotemia, weakness, and peripheral edema. In October 1958, he was hospitalized for generalized edema and albuminuria (4 + ). He received steroids orally over a period of one year and responded with a decrease in proteinuria and loss of edema. The patient remained asymptomatic except for occasional ankle edema and moderate albuminuria for 15 years. In November 1973, the patient was admitted with hypertension (160/105 mm Hg), pitting edema, and proteinuria (4+ ). His course
Integrated Genomic Profiling of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Identifies Subtypes of Deletion 13q14
Authors: Peter Ouillette, Harry Erba, Lisa Kujawski, Mark Kaminski, Kerby Shedden, Sami N. Malek
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a biologically heterogeneous illness with a variable clinical course. Loss of chromosomal material on chromosome 13 at cytoband 13q14 is the most frequent genetic abnormality in CLL, but the molecular aberrations underlying del13q14 in CLL remain incompletely characterized. We analyzed 171 CLL cases for loss of heterozygosity and subchromosomal copy loss on chromosome 13 in DNA from fluorescence-activated cell sorting–sorted CD19+ cells and paired buccal cells using the Affymetrix XbaI 50k SNP array platform. The resulting high-resolution genomic maps, together with array-based measurements of expression levels of RNA in CLL cases with and without del13q14 and quantitative PCR–based expression analysis of selected genes, support the following conclusions: (a) del13q14 is heterogeneous and composed of multiple subtypes, with deletion of Rb or the miR15a/miR16 loci serving as anatomic landmarks, respectively; (b) del13q14 type Ia deletions are relatively uniform in length and extend from breakpoints close to the miR15a/miR16 cluster to a newly identified telomeric breakpoint cluster at the ∼50.2 to 50.5 Mb physical position; (c) LATS2 RNA levels are ∼2.6-fold to 2.8-fold lower in cases with del13q14 type I that do not delete Rb, as opposed to del13q14 type II or all other CLL cases; (d) PHLPP RNA is absent in ∼50% of CLL cases with del13q14; and (e) ∼15% of CLL cases display marked reductions in miR15a/miR16 expression that are often but not invariably associated with bi-allelic miR15a/miR16 loss. These data should aid future investigations into biological differences imparted on CLL by different del13q14 subtypes. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1012–21]
Mycoplasma Infections in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Hjordis M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In a thorough review of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (198:113, 1966), D. B. Coursin discussesM pneumoniaeas a possible etiologic agent for this syndrome. He states that Ludlam's report (Lancet1:958 [May 2] 1964) on serological studies onM pneumoniaeinfection in Stevens-Johnson syndrome needs further confirmation. We recently reported isolation ofM pneumoniaein a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Lancet2:550 [Sept 3] 1966). Family members also had positiveM pneumoniaecultures with respiratory ailments, following the same pattern we have seen in family studies ofM pneumoniae(JAMA197:859, 1966). U. Reinhart also isolatedM pneumoniaein a case of atypical pneumonia with erythema exudativum multiforme (Schweiz Med Wschr96:1027, 1966). These isolations ofM pneumoniaecan be considered confirmative evidence that this agent is involved in some cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.  Further epidemiologic and laboratory studies will be required to
Antioxidants: Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Antioxidant Micelles (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2015)
Authors: Masaki Moriyama, Stéphanie Metzger, André J. van der Vlies, Hiroshi Uyama, Martin Ehrbar, Urara Hasegawa
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases including cancer. On page 569, U. Hasegawa and co-workers show that antioxidant micelles bearing redox-active catechol moieties efficiently reduce intracellular ROS levels and inhibit ROS-mediated angiogenesis in the in vitro endothelial cell tube formation assay and the ex ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay.
The anterior cruciate deficient knee (New concepts in ligament repair)
Authors: J. A. Robertson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

This text makes a magnificent contribution to the literature on exercise testing.It does so by presenting a collection of individual chapters, written by authorities in the field, each one considering a different aspect of testing or special population.Each of the chapters is presented economically yet in depth, well referenced and up-to-date.The first section on general considerations includes general principles, sexual dimorphism, aspects of age and environment.The second section on special cases includes rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, dyslipoproteinemia, obesity, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, and pregnancy.Sadly my review copy contained a serious printing error which duplicated two chapters and omitted two others.I was, therefore, not able to examine the special cases of rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, but trust the printers have corrected this problem.It is difficult to fault such an authoritative text and for any serious student of exercise testing and prescription, particularly considerations of special subjects, this book would be a valuable addition to their library.
Sex Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Victor C. Strasburger, Sarah S. Brown
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AORTIC STIFFNESS AND LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL EJECTION FRACTION: A STUDY BY TISSUE DOPPLER AND STRAIN IMAGING
Authors: Cesare Russo, Yasuyoshi Takei, Takuya Hasegawa, Shun Koshaka, Shunichi Homma, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Ralph L. Sacco, Marco R. Di Tullio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Clusters of Co-expressed Genes in Mammalian Genomes Are Conserved by Natural Selection
Authors: Gregory A. C. Singer, Andrew T. Lloyd, Lukasz B. Huminiecki, Kenneth H. Wolfe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Genes that belong to the same functional pathways are often packaged into operons in prokaryotes. However, aside from examples in nematode genomes, this form of transcriptional regulation appears to be absent in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have shown that gene order in eukaryotic genomes is not completely random, and that genes with similar expression patterns tend to be clustered together. What remains unclear is whether co-expressed genes have been gathered together by natural selection to facilitate their regulation, or if the genes are co-expressed simply by virtue of their being close together in the genome. Here, we show that gene expression clusters tend to contain fewer chromosomal breakpoints between human and mouse than expected by chance, which indicates that they are being held together by natural selection. This conclusion applies to clusters defined on the basis of broad (housekeeping) expression, or on the basis of correlated transcription profiles across tissues. Contrary to previous reports, we find that genes with high expression are not clustered to a greater extent than expected by chance and are not conserved during evolution.
B cells and immunosenescence: A focus on IgG+IgD−CD27− (DN) B cells in aged humans
Authors: Matteo Bulati, Silvio Buffa, Giuseppina Candore, Calogero Caruso, Deborah K. Dunn-Walters, Mariavaleria Pellicanò, Yu-Chang Wu, Giuseppina Colonna Romano
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2010)
650 ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY, COMBINATION AND RESISTANCE OF ACH-1625, A POTENT, CLINICAL STAGE HCV NS3 PROTEASE INHIBITOR
Authors: M. Huang, J. Fabrycki, D. Patel, S. Podos, G. Yang, Y. Zhao, C.W. Marlor, K. Stauber, A. Agarwal, X. Wang, M. Deshpande, A. Phadke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
New human coronavirus isolated
Authors: Khabir Ahmad
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

Researchers have isolated a new human coronavirus from a 7-month old Dutch child with bronchiolitis and conjunctivitis (Nature Medicine, published online March 21; doi:10.1038.nm1024). “We identified a new virus called human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV NL63), which was found in 7% of such patients in our centre in January 2003”, Lia van der Hoekl and Ben Berkhout (Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam) explained. Because the virus grows easily in the laboratory, Hoekl and Berkhout believe HCoV-NL63 may also be an attractive model system for testing antiviral drugs. HCoV-NL63 is not as pathogenic as the coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), but is associated with non-fatal upper and lower-respiratory-tract infection in young children and immunocompromised adults. Like three other known human coronaviruses, its incidence peaks in winter. The team now plans to look at its prevalence in the general population, its association with the common cold in healthy adults, and its replication cycle, which includes identification of the receptor that determines its host cell tropism. According to Peter Rottier (Utrecht University, Netherlands) detection of the new virus will also help to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics. “If SARS does not return in its serious form, this new virus might well become the most significant human coronavirus”, he said. Luis Enjuanes, of Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain, believes that the newly discovered coronavirus probably will not have a very high impact in terms of human disease. “We already know of two other human coronaviruses that infect human beings on a regular basis without important consequences under normal conditions”, he pointed out. Christian Drosten (Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany) calls the discovery “doubtlessly remarkable”. However, he added that clarification of the involvement of the virus in other diseases—eg diarrhoea—will also be very important. “Antiviral agents can be sought only now that the virus is known. Promising candidates are beginning to be found for other coronaviruses. These may cross-react with the new one (especially protease inhibitors)”, he commented. The immune response to the virus also needs to be clarified. “In case the virus is highly prevalent, causes more severe disease, and is efficiently eliminated by the immune system, it may be worthwhile to develop a vaccine. But vaccination for other coronaviruses has proven difficult in animals”, Drosten concluded.
Design and preliminary results of the Heart Function Assessment Registry Trial in Saudi Arabia (HEARTS) in patients with acute and chronic heart failure†
Authors: Khalid F. AlHabib, Abdelfatah A. Elasfar, Hanan AlBackr, Hussam AlFaleh, Ahmad Hersi, Fayez AlShaer, Tarek Kashour, Khalid AlNemer, Gamal A. Hussein, Layth Mimish
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Carbonic anhydrases in the human adrenal gland and its disorders: Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies of the enzymes
Authors: Hironobu Sasano, Katsuaki Kato, Hiroshi Magura, Seppo Parkkila, Anna-Kaisa Parkkila, Hannu Rajaniemi, Naonori Sugai
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1994)
In vivo transdermal iontophoretic delivery of growth hormone releasing factor GRF (1–44) in hairless guinea pigs
Authors: Saran Kumar, Hing Char, Sunil Patel, David Piemontese, A.Waseem Malick, Khurshid Iqbal, Eric Neugroschel, Charan R. Behl
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1992)
The CD26-Related Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase-like Protein DPPX Is a Critical Component of Neuronal A-Type K+ Channels
Authors: Marcela S. Nadal, Andrés Ozaita, Yimy Amarillo, Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera, Yuliang Ma, Wenjun Mo, Ethan M. Goldberg, Yoshio Misumi, Yukio Ikehara, Thomas A. Neubert, Bernardo Rudy
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Acquired cytomegalovirus infection.
Authors: G. Carlstrom, J. Alden, S. Belfrage, G. Hedenstrom, L. Holmberg, F. Nordbring, G. Sterner
Journal: BMJ (1968)

spinal fluid is an important cause of morbidity.The 10 significant perivascular deposits (eight patients) noted in the present series represent a minimum assessment of the occur- rence of the complication, since information on this aspect was available in only a proportion of cases.Of considerably greater significance in this context was the development of progressive cauda equina lesions after direct injection of Thorotrast into cerebrospinal fluid spaces.After injection into the ventricles thorium diffuses rapidly and spreads
Researchers accuse WHO and Global Fund of malpractice
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An international group of 13 malaria researchers has accused WHO and the Global Fund of medical malpractice for supporting the use of ineffective malaria treatments. This practice, says the group, at the very least “wastes international aid money, and at most, kills patients who have malaria.”

Writing in the Lancet ( 2004;363: 237-40), the group says that in many African countries the agencies support the use of chloroquine and sulfadoxinepyrimethamine, which fail in up to 80% of cases, instead of highly effective …
Reversal of Diabetes Through Gene Therapy of Diabetic Rats by Hepatic Insulin Expression via Lentiviral Transduction
Authors: Matthias Elsner, Taivankhuu Terbish, Anne Jörns, Ortwin Naujok, Dirk Wedekind, Hans-Jürgen Hedrich, Sigurd Lenzen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Due to shortage of donor tissue a cure for type 1 diabetes by pancreas organ or islet transplantation is an option only for very few patients. Gene therapy is an alternative approach to cure the disease. Insulin generation in non-endocrine cells through genetic engineering is a promising therapeutic concept to achieve insulin independence in patients with diabetes. In the present study furin-cleavable human insulin was expressed in the liver of autoimmune-diabetic IDDM rats (LEW.1AR1/Ztm-iddm) and streptozotocin-diabetic rats after portal vein injection of INS-lentivirus. Within 5-7 days after the virus injection of 7 × 10(9) INS-lentiviral particles the blood glucose concentrations were normalized in the treated animals. This glucose lowering effect remained stable for the 1 year observation period. Human C-peptide as a marker for hepatic release of human insulin was in the range of 50-100 pmol/ml serum. Immunofluorescence staining of liver tissue was positive for insulin showing no signs of transdifferentiation into pancreatic β-cells. This study shows that the diabetic state can be efficiently reversed by insulin release from non-endocrine cells through a somatic gene therapy approach.
Abstract 2528: Optimization of small molecules targeting BMI1 protein expression. Part 2. Improved potency, oral bioavailability, and in vivo efficacy of amino-pyrazines and amino-pyridines
Authors: Ramil Baiazitov, Nadiya Sydorenko, Hongyu Ren, Wu Du, Steve Paget, Richard Wilde, Ronggang Liu, Chang-Sun Lee, Liangxian Cao, Thomas W. Davis, Neil G. Almstead, Young-Choon Moon
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Earlier, in our efforts to identify molecules that selectively deplete tumor stem cells, we discovered and elaborated on a series of amino-thiazoles. These first-in-class small molecule inhibitors reduce the activity and levels of BMI1 protein in vitro and in vivo (see the preceding poster). Through our medicinal chemistry efforts, we developed a second generation of molecules that reduce levels of BMI1. In this new scaffold, the central thiazole ring has been replaced with a pyrazine or pyridine ring. There is a clear relationship between the structure of the central heterocycle and the ability of the compound to decrease the level of BMI1 protein. The most beneficial modification on the right wing of the molecule is the introduction of benzimidazole moiety. As a result, analogs with markedly improved oral bioavailability have been identified. The structure activity relationship on the left ring parallels the SAR observed with the amino-thiazole scaffold. The most successful analogs in this series can be dosed orally and demonstrate dose-dependent efficacy in mouse xenograft models including the HT1080 and L1210 cell lines. Citation Format: Ramil Baiazitov, Nadiya Sydorenko, Hongyu Ren, Wu Du, Steve Paget, Richard Wilde, Ronggang Liu, Chang-Sun Lee, Liangxian Cao, Thomas W. Davis, Neil G. Almstead, Young-Choon Moon. Optimization of small molecules targeting BMI1 protein expression. Part 2. Improved potency, oral bioavailability, and in vivo efficacy of amino-pyrazines and amino-pyridines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2528
Simplifying consent for publication of case reports
Authors: R. W Aldridge
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Under the data protection act and guidance from the information commissioner, the BMJ is obliged to ensure all authors obtain consent for publication of case reports.1 As a foundation year 2 trainee keen to publish such interesting cases, I appreciate this need to protect patients, but I have also been frustrated by the current consent process.

The Information Commissioner …