tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ET-04 * MEBENDAZOLE IS EFFICACIOUS IN DIVERSE MEDULLOBLASTOMA TUMOR MODELS AND INHIBITS TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS
Authors: R. Bai, V. Staedtke, C. Rudin, F. Bunz, G. Riggins
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Medulloblastoma is the leading cause of cancer death in children. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens are the current standard for treatment. While effective in most patients, those have long-term neurological sequelae in survivors, and a significant fraction of patients still succumb to the disease. In this study, we found that mebendazole (MBZ), an FDA-approved antiparasitic, demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy in etiologically distinct medulloblastoma mouse models. MBZ significantly improved the survival of mice with orthotopic xenograft tumors derived from the SHH group and group 3 medulloblastomas and was also highly efficacious against a PTCH1-mutant medulloblastoma with acquired resistance to the SMO inhibitor vismodgib. Analysis of the vasculature in rodent tumors revealed that MBZ selectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis but not the normal brain vasculature, and inhibited the kinase activity of VEGFR2 in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates that MBZ could be a highly promising therapeutic for medulloblastoma with anti- angiogenesis activity.
Von Willebrand factor as new noninvasive predictor of portal hypertension, decompensation and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Monika Ferlitsch, Thomas Reiberger, Matthias Hoke, Petra Salzl, Bernadette Schwengerer, Gregor Ulbrich, Berit Anna Payer, Michael Trauner, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Arnulf Ferlitsch
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF-Ag) is elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, but the clinical significance is unclear. We hypothesized that vWF-Ag levels may correlate with portal pressure, measured by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), and predict clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH; HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg), decompensation and mortality. Portal hemodynamics were assessed by HVPG measurement, whereas vWF-Ag levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During follow-up, complications of liver cirrhosis, death or transplantation were recorded. Two hundred and eighty-six patients (205 male and 81 female; mean age, 56 years) with liver cirrhosis were included. vWF-Ag correlated with HVPG (r = 0.69; P < 0.0001) and predicted CSPH independently of Child Pugh score. Higher vWF-Ag levels were associated with varices (odds ratio [OR] = 3.27; P < 0.001), ascites (OR = 3.93; P < 0.001) and mortality (hazard ratio: 4.41; P < 0.001). Using a vWF-Ag cut-off value of ≥ 241%, the AUC for detection of CSPH in compensated patients was 0.85, with a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 87% and 80%, respectively. Compensated patients had 25% mortality after 53 months if the vWF-Ag was <315% compared to 15 months in patients with vWF-Ag >315% (P < 0.001). Decompensated patients had a mortality of 25% after 37 and 7 months if their vWF-Ag was <315% and >315%, respectively (P = 0.002). In compensated patients with a vWF-Ag >315% median time to decompensation or death was 32 months compared with 59 months in patients with vWF-Ag <315%. vWF-Ag equals Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) in mortality prediction (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.71 for vWF-Ag versus AUC = 0.65 for MELD; P = 0.2).vWF-Ag is a new, simple and noninvasive predictor of CSPH. A vWF-Ag cut-off value at 315% can clearly stratify patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis in two groups with completely different survival. vWF-Ag may become a valuable marker for the prediction of mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis in clinical practice.
Acute myeloid leukemia with the 8q22;21q22 translocation: secondary mutational events and alternative t(8;21) transcripts
Authors: Luke F. Peterson, Anita Boyapati, Eun-Young Ahn, Joseph R. Biggs, Akiko Joo Okumura, Miao-Chia Lo, Ming Yan, Dong-Er Zhang
Journal: Blood (2007)
Transparency in health technology assessments
Authors: Alan Maynard
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Coronary revascularisationSurgery is effective on clinical and economic grounds, but stenting does not seem to be cost effective This week, the BMJ publishes three studies dealing with revascularisation in ischaemic heart disease. [1]2][3] Two of the studies compare the clinical effectiveness 1 and cost effectiveness 2 of revascularisation of isolated left anterior descending coronary disease by stenting or surgery, while the third examines the cost effectiveness of medical treatment, stenting, and surgery in multivessel disease. 3 The studies raise key issues not only about the decision making process for intervention in the individual patient but also how to obtain maximum value from limited health service resources.
The Thyroid and Its Diseases
Authors: George Milles
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The authors present the accumulated experience from the thyroid clinic and ancillary facilities of the Massachusetts General Hospital, projected against the background of a critically selected segment of the vast relevant literature. Now in the third edition, the volume includes the bulk of available information—factual, theoretical, and didactic—brought to focus on the patient. Diseases of the thyroid are discussed in detail sufficient to present a rich source of information to the clinician, whatever his field of practice. Therapy is modern. The choices available are carefully and conservatively weighed and the present usages in the MGH clinics outlined. The chapter indicating the relation to the thyroid of essentially non-thyroidal diseases is especially useful in orienting the clinician to the contribution of this gland to the general body economy. The authors do not distinguish sharply between the multinodular goiter resulting from an earlier colloid goiter, and the nodular goiter related
Donor-recipient mismatch for common gene deletion polymorphisms in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Steven A McCarroll, James E Bradner, Hannu Turpeinen, Liisa Volin, Paul J Martin, Shannon D Chilewski, Joseph H Antin, Stephanie J Lee, Tapani Ruutu, Barry Storer, Edus H Warren, Bo Zhang, Lue Ping Zhao, David Ginsburg, Robert J Soiffer, Jukka Partanen, John A Hansen, Jerome Ritz, Aarno Palotie, David Altshuler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Evaluating the Performance of a Large Computerized Information System
Authors: Frederick W. Lancaster
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS), in operation at the National Library of Medicine (NLM), is a multipurpose system, a prime purpose being the production of<i>Index Medicus</i>and other recurring bibliographies.<sup>1</sup>This two-year study concentrated on the evaluation of the demand search function of MEDLARS (ie, the conduct of retrospective literature searches in response to specific demands).<sup>2</sup> The base of the retrospective search module consists of approximately 800,000 citations to biomedical journal articles input to the January 1964 and subsequent issues of the monthly<i>Index Medicus</i>. These articles have been indexed by means of a controlled vocabulary of<i>Medical Subject Headings</i>(<i>MeSH</i>). Over 3000 demand searches are now formulated annually at the NLM, additional searches being handled at regional MEDLARS centers in the United States, in the United Kingdom, and in Sweden. Approximately 2,300 scientific journals are indexed regularly, one third exhaustively ("depth journals") at
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Comparisons in Boxers
Authors: Barry D. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying traumatic injuries of the brain was compared in a referred population of 21 amateur and professional boxers. Three boxers displayed CT scans with equivocal findings that were verified as artifacts by MRI. Eleven boxers had both CT and MRI scans with normal findings, and 7 boxers had both CT and MRI scans with abnormal findings. There were no instances where abnormalities demonstrated on CT scanning were not detected by MRI. However, some abnormalities detected on MRI were not detected on CT scans. These included a subdural hematoma, white-matter changes, and a focal contusion. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be the neuroradiodiagnostic test of choice compared with CT.
Distinct stem cell myeloproliferative/T lymphoma syndromes induced by ZNF198-FGFR1 and BCR-FGFR1 fusion genes from 8p11 translocations
Authors: Sergei Roumiantsev, Daniela S Krause, Carola A Neumann, Christopher A Dimitri, Frances Asiedu, Nicholas C.P Cross, Richard A Van Etten
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Targeted resequencing in epileptic encephalopathies identifies de novo mutations in CHD2 and SYNGAP1
Authors: Gemma L Carvill, Sinéad B Heavin, Simone C Yendle, Jacinta M McMahon, Brian J O'Roak, Joseph Cook, Adiba Khan, Michael O Dorschner, Molly Weaver, Sophie Calvert, Stephen Malone, Geoffrey Wallace, Thorsten Stanley, Ann M E Bye, Andrew Bleasel, Katherine B Howell, Sara Kivity, Mark T Mackay, Victoria Rodriguez-Casero, Richard Webster, Amos Korczyn, Zaid Afawi, Nathanel Zelnick, Tally Lerman-Sagie, Dorit Lev, Rikke S Møller, Deepak Gill, Danielle M Andrade, Jeremy L Freeman, Lynette G Sadleir, Jay Shendure, Samuel F Berkovic, Ingrid E Scheffer, Heather C Mefford
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Identification of a putative lysosomal cobalamin exporter altered in the cblF defect of vitamin B12 metabolism
Authors: Frank Rutsch, Susann Gailus, Isabelle R Miousse, Terttu Suormala, Corinne Sagné, Mohammad Reza Toliat, Gudrun Nürnberg, Tanja Wittkampf, Insa Buers, Azita Sharifi, Martin Stucki, Christian Becker, Matthias Baumgartner, Horst Robenek, Thorsten Marquardt, Wolfgang Höhne, Bruno Gasnier, David S Rosenblatt, Brian Fowler, Peter Nürnberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Multidisciplinary team management in thoracic oncology: more than just a concept?
Authors: Helen A. Powell, David R. Baldwin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) management in thoracic oncology has been introduced over the past two decades with the aim of improving outcomes for patients. While MDT management has become the standard of care in some countries, not all healthcare systems have adopted this practice. In this article we review the history and implementation of MDT care in thoracic oncology and explore the evidence for, and challenges associated with, this system of working. There are many advantages of an MDT both to the patient, the clinicians and the wider population, but it is difficult to demonstrate a beneficial effect on outcomes such as treatment rates or survival given the substantial number of coexistent changes in the management of thoracic malignancies over the same time period. There are also some disadvantages associated with MDT working, particularly the costs of setting up the service and the time commitment from each of the healthcare professionals involved. Barriers to effective MDT working include poor attendance by some specialists, inadequate preparation and poor quality information about the patient. Variation in quality of MDTs has been reported so it is important that practice is monitored and areas for improvement identified.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Howard Markel, Lawrence O. Gostin, David P. Fidler
Journal: JAMA (2007)

CENTURIES AFTER THE FORMAL CREATION OF QUARantine, the practice continues to evoke concern when implemented to halt the spread of dangerous microbes. Witness the controversy generated by US citizen Andrew Speaker, whom the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) detained and isolated because he was diagnosed with pulmonary disease caused by extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDRTB). Speaker’s case made compelling news, but it also raised questions about the emergence of XDR-TB, the adequacy of public health powers in the United States, and the international dimensions of the XDR-TB threat.
Association of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with maternal antibodies inhibiting fetal acetylcholine receptor function.
Authors: S Riemersma, A Vincent, D Beeson, C Newland, S Hawke, B Vernet-der Garabedian, B Eymard, J Newsom-Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), characterized by multiple joint contractures developing in utero, results from lack of fetal movement. Some cases are genetically determined, but AMC occasionally complicates pregnancy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) suggesting involvement of circulating maternal antibodies. We previously demonstrated antibodies that inhibited the function of fetal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in one healthy woman with an obstetric history of recurrent AMC. Here we study sera from this woman, from one other with a similar history, and from three (one asymptomatic) whose babies had neonatal MG and AMC. All five maternal sera had high titers of antibodies that inhibited alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) binding to fetal AChR, and their sera markedly inhibited fetal AChR function with little effect on adult AChR function. Moreover, in a further survey, 3 of 20 sera from anti-AChR negative AMC mothers inhibited fetal AChR function significantly at 1:100 dilution. These results demonstrate the role of antibodies to fetal AChR and perhaps other muscle antigens in some cases of AMC. More generally, they suggest that placental transfer of antibodies directed at fetal antigens should be considered as a cause of other recurrent fetal or perinatal disorders.
Differential Sensitivity of Glioma- versus Lung Cancer–Specific EGFR Mutations to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Igor Vivanco, H. Ian Robins, Daniel Rohle, Carl Campos, Christian Grommes, Phioanh Leia Nghiemphu, Sara Kubek, Barbara Oldrini, Milan G. Chheda, Nicolas Yannuzzi, Hui Tao, Shaojun Zhu, Akio Iwanami, Daisuke Kuga, Julie Dang, Alicia Pedraza, Cameron W. Brennan, Adriana Heguy, Linda M. Liau, Frank Lieberman, W. K. Alfred Yung, Mark R. Gilbert, David A. Reardon, Jan Drappatz, Patrick Y. Wen, Kathleen R. Lamborn, Susan M. Chang, Michael D. Prados, Howard A. Fine, Steve Horvath, Nian Wu, Andrew B. Lassman, Lisa M. DeAngelis, William H. Yong, John G. Kuhn, Paul S. Mischel, Minesh P. Mehta, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Ingo K. Mellinghoff
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

Abstract Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma (GBM) occurs through mutations or deletions in the extracellular (EC) domain. Unlike lung cancers with EGFR kinase domain (KD) mutations, GBMs respond poorly to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Using RNAi, we show that GBM cells carrying EGFR EC mutations display EGFR addiction. In contrast to KD mutants found in lung cancer, glioma-specific EGFR EC mutants are poorly inhibited by EGFR inhibitors that target the active kinase conformation (e.g., erlotinib). Inhibitors that bind to the inactive EGFR conformation, however, potently inhibit EGFR EC mutants and induce cell death in EGFR-mutant GBM cells. Our results provide first evidence for single kinase addiction in GBM and suggest that the disappointing clinical activity of first-generation EGFR inhibitors in GBM versus lung cancer may be attributed to the different conformational requirements of mutant EGFR in these 2 cancer types. Significance: Approximately 40% of human glioblastomas harbor oncogenic EGFR alterations, but attempts to therapeutically target EGFR with first-generation EGFR kinase inhibitors have failed. Here, we demonstrate selective sensitivity of glioma-specific EGFR mutants to ATP-site competitive EGFR kinase inhibitors that target the inactive conformation of the catalytic domain. Cancer Discov; 2(5); 458–71. ©2012 AACR. Read the Commentary on this article by Park and Lemmon, p. 398. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 377.
Prolonged antigen‐exposure with carbohydrate particle based vaccination prevents allergic immune responses in sensitized mice
Authors: S. Thunberg, T. Neimert‐Andersson, Q. Cheng, F. Wermeling, U. Bergström, L. Swedin, S.‐E. Dahlén, E. Arnér, A. Scheynius, M. C. I. Karlsson, G. Gafvelin, M. Van Hage, H. Grönlund
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Defined particles carrying tightly bound allergens at high density have been suggested as alternatives in allergy vaccination. Carbohydrate based particles (CBP), sized 2 microm, provide a platform for covalent coupling of allergens.To investigate the mechanisms of antigen presentation by CBP, as well as cellular and humoral responses after vaccination with the major cat allergen Fel d 1, covalently coupled to CBP.Mice (n = 10/group) were subcutaneously vaccinated with CBP-rFel d 1, CBP or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) before sensitization with rFel d 1 and challenged with cat dander extract. Fluorescent and (75)Se-radiolabeled tracking of allergens and particles were performed with flow cytometry and whole-body autoradiography. Humoral, cellular and regulatory immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and flow cytometry. Cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and splenocyte cultures.CBP-rFel d 1 prevented induction of airway inflammation and induced allergen-specific T-cell anergy. CBP-rFel d 1 also induced rapid IgM and IgG1-responses compared with soluble rFel d 1. Particles were phagocytosed by antigen-presenting cells and transported to draining lymph nodes and spleen. Moreover, antigen coupled to CBP remained longer at the injection site compared with alum.Covalent coupling of rFel d 1 to CBP induces rapid antibody production, prevents induction of allergic immune responses and systemic allergen spreading. Thus, CBP comprise several attractive adjuvant features for use in allergy vaccination.Prolonged allergen exposure through covalent coupling to particles suitable for phagocytosis, provides an adjuvant for safer and efficient allergy vaccination.
Antipsychotic Medications for Schizophrenia—Reply
Authors: T. Scott Stroup, Joseph P. McEvoy, Robert M. Hamer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE GLYCOSURIC SYMPTOM OF DISEASE AND ITS MEDICINAL TREATMENT.
Authors: HEINRICH STERN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

An unusual amount of grape sugar in the urine is by no means an absolute indication of the presence of diabetes mellitus; it may be concomitant with, or sequential to, various other transitory, as well as chronic, anomalies. Thus glycosuria in its alimentary form e saccharo may be induced in the presence of various traumatic and non-traumatic neuroses; of alcoholism; of Graves' disease; of gastrointestinal disorders, as hyperacidity; of hepatic affections, etc. Glycosuria, mostly of the spontaneous transitory type, may appear after injury and extirpation of less important organs; after ether and chloroform anesthesia; after administration of drugs and chemicals like phloridzin, mercuric bichlorid, chloral, morphin, strychnin, amyl nitrite, curare, thyroid preparations, adrenalin, etc.; after inhalation of carbon monoxid; after the excessive use of tobacco; during the luetic process, and during or after infectious diseases. Generally speaking, non-diabetic glycosurias are the result of intoxications, that is, of slight or graver
No beneficial effect of splenectomy in hereditary high red cell membrane phosphatidylcholine hemolytic anemia: Clinical and membrane studies of 20 patients
Authors: Akiyo Otsuka, Takashi Sugihara, Yoshihito Yawata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract The clinical features and red cell membrane characteristics of 20 patients with hereditary high red cell membrane phosphatidylcholine hemolytic anemia (HPCHA) were studied in relation to the effect of splenectomy. After splenectomy, anemia worsened and the extent of increased hemolysis in these patients was unchanged, indicating a contraindication for splenectomy. Concomitant with these results in clinical hematology, marked stomatocytic changes, increased red cell phosphatidylcholine content, and enhanced sodium transport, which were observed before splenectomy, were not improved by splenectomy.
ASPERGILLOSIS OF THE LUNGS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: MARY E. LAPHAM
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Aspergillosis of the lungs is a disease caused by an exceedingly common mold,<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. It is a disease which clinically and pathologically so closely resembles tuberculosis that it usually escapes recognition and is diagnosed as tuberculosis. This mistake may even be made at necropsies; for the ulcerations of the bronchi, the pneumonic and emphysematous areas, the cavities and pleurisies are much the same in one disease as in the other. There is a common belief that this mold is purely saprophytic; that it can live only on preexisting lesions in the lungs; that it cannot attack living tissues because it has no primary pathogenic powers. To show its pathogenic properties, nine rabbits were inoculated intravenously with varying doses of spores, from a pure culture of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>furnished by Dr. Thom of Washington. In March, 1926, the pathologist of the Flagler Hospital, St. Augustine, Fla., inoculated three rabbits. One
Measurement of pulmonary status and surfactant protein levels during dexamethasone treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: J. Y. Wang, T. F. Yeh, Y. C. Lin, K. Miyamura, U. Holmskov, K. B. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Early postnatal use of dexamethasone in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been shown effectively to improve pulmonary status and to allow early weaning off mechanical ventilation. However, the mechanisms to explain the beneficial effects of dexamethasone in ventilatory dependent preterm infants remain unclear. METHODS: A double blind, placebo controlled study was performed to determine the change in pulmonary ventilation of premature infants with RDS as a result of dexamethasone treatment, and to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on the levels of surfactant-associated proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) in the tracheal fluid from 34 premature infants with RDS and 29 control subjects. RESULTS: Dexamethasone treatment decreased fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2), mean airway pressure (MAP), and facilitated successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. SP-A concentrations in the tracheal aspirates were increased at days 7 and 14, and SP-D concentrations were increased during the period from days 3 to 14 in the dexamethasone treated group compared with the control group. However, albumin levels in the tracheal aspirate samples were decreased after dexamethasone treatment over the period from days 3 to 14. There was an inverse correlation between PCO2 values and SP-A concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that early use of dexamethasone can improve pulmonary status and also increase SP-A and SP-D levels in the tracheal fluid in premature infants with RDS.