tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is GLCCI1 associated with response to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma patients
Authors: Louise Hosking, Eugene Bleecker, Lucy Frith, Soumitra Ghosh, Brett Haumann, Loretta Jacques, Mike Mosteller, Deborah Meyers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the primary anti-inflammatory therapy for the control and management of asthma, but their effects are characterised by inter-individual variability, especially in more severe asthma. Tantisira K.G. et al. (New Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1173) reported a pooled result (p=0.0007) for the association of the GLCCI1 polymorphism, rs37973, with change from baseline in percent of the predicted FEV1, following 4-8 weeks of ICS treatment in white asthma patients (n=935, both adults and children) to three different ICS. Association of rs37973 with change from baseline in trough FEV1 (ΔFEV1), was explored in white asthma patients (N=739) from three Phase 2B GlaxoSmithKline-sponsored clinical studies [GSK Study FFA109684 ([NCT00603746][1]); FFA109685 ([NCT00603278][2]); FFA109687 ([NCT00603382][3])] treated for up to 8 weeks with fluticasone furoate (administered once daily, N=591) or fluticasone propionate (administered twice daily, N=198) monotherapy. Under a generalized linear model framework, an additive genetic effect for rs37973 on ΔFEV1 was not detected (p=0.24). The upper and lower quartiles for the ΔFEV1 distribution defined a binary response variable and logistic regression failed to identify a significant effect for rs37973 on ΔFEV1 (p=0.25, OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.78, 2.59). This odds ratio estimate is not statistically different from the previously reported value of 2.36. Thus, despite a substantial sample size and investigation of a single ICS, we were unable to confirm or refute an association of rs37973 with response to ICS. The results of several follow-up trials should clarify the role of GLCCI1 in steroid response in asthma.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00603746&atom=%2Ferj%2F40%2FSuppl_56%2FP480.atom
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00603278&atom=%2Ferj%2F40%2FSuppl_56%2FP480.atom
 [3]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00603382&atom=%2Ferj%2F40%2FSuppl_56%2FP480.atom
Honing a harder-hitting hammerhead improves broadly neutralizing antibody breadth and potency
Authors: George K. Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

While current HIV-1 therapies have greatly improved the quality and duration of life for infected individuals, a vaccine to prevent transmission of the virus is lacking. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnmAbs) with the capacity to neutralize multiple HIV-1 variants have been isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals, and there has been a great effort to investigate how these bnmAbs arise, due their potential for HIV-1 vaccination. In this issue of the JCI, Willis and colleagues apply a computational approach to design variants of the bnmAb PG9 in an attempt to enhance potency and neutralization breadth. One of these variants was able to target multiple PG9-resistant strains, as the result of stabilization of the long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3). The results of this study provide important insight and a unique approach to optimizing HIV-1 bnmABs.
The use of high-freguency chest-wall compression therapy for COPD patients
Authors: Natalia Meshcheryakova, Andrey Belevsky, Alexander Cherniak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The high-freguency chest-wall compression therapy (HFCCT) application on influences on muscle function. We propose that HFCCT may have an effect on lung function and quality of life in COPD patients.

Aim: To assess of HFCCT on airway obstruction, lung hyperinflation, severity of dyspnea and quality of life in COPD patients.

Methods: 34 COPD patients were randomized in 2 groups. Group 1 (60,4±8,6 yrs, 34,6±11,6 pack/yrs, FEV1 36,4±11,0 %pred., FEV1/FVC 40,0±10,0 %, MRC 4,0±0,2) received ICS, LABA, tiotropium bromide. Group 2 (66,2±7,0 yrs, 37,6±9,3 pack/yrs, FEV1 48,1±23,6 %pred., FEV1/FVC 45,2±17,4 %, MRC 3,9±0,1) - the same therapy + HFCCT (by The Vest Airway Clearance System). Lung function, QoL MOS SF-36, MRC - before and after 2 weeks were evaluated. Vest session parameters: frequency 8,5±1,3 Hz, compression 5,4±1,6 bar, time 16,7±3,6 min, 14 sessions.

Results: There was a significant improvement in the lung function (ΔFVC 5,0±2,1 %pred., p<0,01, ΔFEV1 8,7±4,9 %pred., p<0,01, ΔPEF 8,2±3,3 %pred., p<0,01, ΔTLC 9,0±4,4 %pred., p<0,05, ΔRV 20,0±3,0 %pred., p<0,01, ΔRV/TLC 5,2±0,2 %, p<0,05), QoL parameters (ΔPF 13,2±2,4 %, p<0,001, ΔRP 18,4±10,5 %, p<0,05, ΔCH 9,1±1,5 %, p<0.05, ΔBP 8,2±0,3 %, p<0,001, Δ RE 27,5±13,6 %, p<0,01) and dyspnea's severity (ΔMRC 1,2±0,1) in group 2. There were not significant improvements in group 1.

C onclusion : We suggest that the HFCCT use improves airway obstruction, decreases lung hyperinflation, severity of dyspnea and improves quality of life in COPD patients.
Characterization of the Inhibitory Effects of Retinoids on the In Vitro Growth of Two Malignant Murine Melanomas2
Authors: Reuben Lotan, Gregory Giotta, Elizabeth Nork, Garth L. Nicolson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Characterization of the Inhibitory Effects of Retinoids on the In Vitro Growth of Two Malignant Murine Melanomas Get access Reuben Lotan, Reuben Lotan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory Giotta, Gregory Giotta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Nork, Elizabeth Nork Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Garth L. Nicolson Garth L. Nicolson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 1035–1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.5.1035 Published: 01 May 1978 Article history Received: 11 July 1977 Accepted: 25 November 1977 Published: 01 May 1978
Reactive Nitrogen Species and Cell Signaling
Authors: Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger, Rebecca L. Persinger, Solange H. Korn, Cristen Pantano, Brian McElhinney, Niki L. Reynaert, Ramon C. J. Langen, Karina Ckless, Punya Shrivastava, Matthew E. Poynter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES...SIGNALING EVENTS REGULATI...SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN RNS...JNKNF-κBBALANCING LIFE AND DEATH ...FUTURE RESEARCHReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Aquaporin-4 Expression in Adult and Developing Mouse and Rat Kidney
Authors: YOUNG-HEE KIM, JAE-HO EARM, TONGHUI MA, ALAN S. VERKMAN, MARK A. KNEPPER, KIRSTEN M. MADSEN, JIN KIM
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a member of the aquaporin water-channel family. AQP4 is expressed primarily in the brain, but it is also present in the collecting duct of the kidney, where it is located in the basolateral plasma membrane of principal cells and inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Recent studies in the mouse also have reported the presence of AQP4 in the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule. The purpose of this study was to establish the pattern of AQP4 expression during kidney development and in the adult kidney of both the mouse and the rat. Kidneys of adult and 3-, 7-, and 15-d-old mice and rats were preserved for immunohistochemistry and processed using a peroxidase pre-embedding technique. In both the mouse and the rat, strong basolateral immunostaining was observed in IMCD cells and principal cells in the medullary collecting duct at all ages examined. Labeling was weaker in the cortical collecting duct and the connecting tubule, and there was no labeling of connecting tubule cells in the mouse. In adult mouse kidney, strong AQP4 immunoreactivity was observed in the S3 segment of the proximal tubule. However, there was little or no labeling in the cortex or around the corticomedullary junction in 3- and 7-d-old mice. Between 7 and 15 d of age, distinct AQP4 immunoreactivity appeared in the S3 segment of the mouse proximal tubule concomitant with the differentiation of this segment of the nephron. Labeling of proximal tubules was never observed in the rat kidney. These results suggest that there are differences in transepithelial water transport between mouse and rat or that additional, not yet identified water channels exist in the rat proximal tubule.
West Nile virus in Europe: emergence, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Authors: V. Sambri, M. Capobianchi, R. Charrel, M. Fyodorova, P. Gaibani, E. Gould, M. Niedrig, A. Papa, A. Pierro, G. Rossini, S. Varani, C. Vocale, M.P. Landini
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Palonosetron compared to ondansetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Activity, safety, and cost-effectiveness evaluation
Authors: G. Bernardo, R. Palumbo, M. Frascaroli, A. Bernardo, A. Losurdo, G. Poggi, C. Teragni, D. Albanese, A. Amatu, M. R. Strada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20573 Background: Chemotherapy(CT)-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common adverse effects in cancer patients. The control of CINV is a relevant objective for the patient's quality of life and also aims to optimize cancer treatment. 5-HT3- receptor antagonists (RAs) are commonly used to prevent CINV. Palonosetron, the only second generation 5-HT3-RA, has a significantly longer half-life and a higher binding activity than the first generation of 5-HT3RAs. Methods: To evaluate the activity, safety and farmacoeconomic profile of palonosetron compared to ondansetron as antiemetic prophylaxis for highly (HEC) or moderately (MEC) emetogenic chemotherapy, 235 consecutive chemo-naïve patients (pts) were assigned (1:1) to receive palonosetron 250 mcg i.v. plus dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. 30 min before CT on day 1 (Group A) or ondansetron 8 mg i.v. plus dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. on day 1, followed by 8 mg os twice daily over 3 days (Group B). Results: The 2 treatment groups were comparable with respect to tumour type (breast 52%, lung 20%, colorectal cancer 11%, ovarian 8%, head &amp; neck 5%, other 4%) and emetogenic potential of CT (HEC in 78 pts, AC-based chemotherapy in 123, MEC in 35). FLIE questionnaires were completed on days 2–5. Complete response (CR) rate for the acute period was 82% in pts given HEC in group A versus 63.2% in group B, 93.4 % versus 80.6% in pts given AC and 100% versus 94.4% in pts given MEC. For the delayed period: 74.4% in group A versus 63.2% in group B for pts receiving HEC, 90.2% versus 71% in pts given AC and 94% versus 88.9% in pts given MEC. FLIE analysis showed a reduced impact of CINV on daily life in group A (p&lt;0.05). The pharmacoeconomic evaluation showed favourable cost effectiveness profiles for palonosetron, with a saving of about 50% per cycle/per patient over ondansetron. A not significant reduced incidence of headache and constipation was observed in group A. Conclusions: Palonosetron was effective in preventing CINV following HEC, AC and MEC in both acute and delayed phases, as well as being cost effective. The CR rates were maintained throughout subsequent cycles of CT, with a significant positive impact on daily functioning and quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil: improved response rate in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: R Herrmann, J Spehn, J H Beyer, U von Franqué, A Schmieder, K Holzmann, U Abel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The efficacy of chemotherapy with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic colorectal cancer was studied in a multicenter phase II trial using a seven-hour time interval. Forty-two patients were evaluable for response and 16 achieved objective tumor regression (greater than 50%). Median survival of all patients was 12.5 months. The result of this study indicates that MTX and 5-FU are synergistic in human colorectal cancer if given sequentially with a seven-hour time interval. This is supported by a review of the literature that reveals a significantly higher response rate in patients treated with a four-hour or more MTX/5-FU interval as compared to a one-hour interval.
Tumor Immunity to Murine Plasma Cell Tumors. I. Tumor-Associated Transplantation Antigens of NZB and BALB/c Plasma Cell Tumors 2 3
Authors: Martin Röllinghoff, Barry T. Rouse, Noel L. Warner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The presence of tumor-associated transplantation antigens on plasma cell tumors (PCT) derived from BALB/c and NZB inbred and hybrid mice was demonstrated by the induction of immunity in vivo against malignant tumor challenge. Immunizations were made by viable tumor cell inoculation followed by removal of the tumor. Whereas most NZB-derived PCT were highly effective at inducing immunity against all NZB PCT, only 1 of 5 BALB/c-type PCT showed similar immunogenicity. Immunization with killed or modified cells was either ineffective or markedly inferior to the use of viable cells. The state of immunity was adoptively transferred with spleen cell suspensions at ratios as low as 1 spleen cell to 1 tumor cell. No evidence that PCT-specific antibodies existed was found. In both in vivo challenge and adoptive transfer studies, immunity, when detectable, was specific for PCT. We suggest there is a shared PCT-specific antigen, which may be associated with a subtype of the Gross virus. The antigen is present to a considerably greater degree on NZB PCTthan on most BALB/c PCT.
Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, and Asthma in a Megacity
Authors: ROHINI V. CHOWGULE, VASANT M. SHETYE, JITENDRA R. PARMAR, AJAY M. BHOSALE, MANGALAR R. KHANDAGALE, SUHAS V. PHALNITKAR, PRAKASH C. GUPTA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To estimate adult asthma prevalence in the world's most rapidly growing mega-city, we applied epidemiologic surveillance tools, as a cooperating center of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, to a randomly selected sample of Mumbai (Bombay) residents in 1992 through 1995. From a metropolitan population of over 10 million, we took a one-in-ten random sample from electoral rolls in a socially diverse residential district, and examined asthma symptoms in adults age 20 to 44 yr. In Phase I, we interviewed 2,313 adults about symptoms, asthma diagnosis, and medications in the previous 12 mo. In Phase II, family and smoking history, socioeconomic data, housing characteristics, serum IgE, allergy skin tests, spirometry, and methacholine challenge tests were obtained in a subset of 20% of those who had completed Phase I. House dust mite was the most common positive skin test (18% prevalence) and the only one of the nine applied that was significantly associated with asthma symptoms and physician-diagnosed asthma. Asthma prevalence was 3.5% by physician diagnosis, and 17% using a very broad definition including those with asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity. Asthma prevalence was strongly associated with positive house dust mite skin test, family history of asthma, and total IgE.
Lymphoproliferative Diseases of Fowl: JM-V Leukemic Lymphoblasts in Cell Culture: Brief Communication2
Authors: Edwin C. Hahn, Luciano Ramos, Alan J. Kenyon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Lymphoproliferative Diseases of Fowl: JM-V Leukemic Lymphoblasts in Cell Culture: Brief Communication Get access Edwin C. Hahn, Edwin C. Hahn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luciano Ramos, Luciano Ramos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan J. Kenyon Alan J. Kenyon 4 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Kenyon. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 1, July 1977, Pages 267–271, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.1.267 Published: 01 July 1977 Article history Received: 25 August 1976 Accepted: 31 January 1977 Published: 01 July 1977
Effect of hospitalization on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Maria Antonia Ramon, Elena Gimeo-Santos, Jaume Ferrer, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Exercise capacity has become an important measure to assess COPD functional status, response to medical interventions and prognosis. However, the determinants of exercise capacity change over time in COPD patients are poorly known.  Aim: To estimate the effect of hospital admissions on exercise capacity decline in COPD patients.  Measurements: 226 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD from our original PAC-COPD Study had their exercise capacity measured when clinically stable using the six minute walking distance (6MWD) both at baseline and 1.7 years after. Sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, co-morbidities, and clinical and functional status were also assessed. Hospital admissions (timelines and causes) during the follow-up were gathered from centralized government datasets. Linear regression was used to model changes in exercise capacity.  Results: At baseline, patients were mostly male (92%), aged mean (SD) 67(8) years, postbronchodilator FEV1 54(17)%, and 6MWD 444(83) m. During the follow-up period, patients decreased their exercise capacity (mean -20m/y). Moreover, 87 (39%) had at least one hospitalization (more than a half due to COPD). After adjusting for dyspnea, lung hyperinflation (RV/TLC), and baseline 6MWD, COPD admissions rate increased the 6MWD decline: -18m/y and -30m/y in ≤1 admission/year and >1 admission/year, respectively, compared to patients with no admissions (p=0.001). Remaining variables were not related to the 6MWD decline, after adjusting for hospital admission.  Conclusions: These findings show that hospital admissions due to COPD exacerbation have a great impact on exercise capacity deterioration in moderate-to-severe COPD patients.
Etiologic and prognostic profile of the hemoptysis (About 290 cases)
Authors: Hanane Benjelloun, Nahid Zaghba, Abdelaziz Bakhatar, Najiba Yassine, Abdelkrim Bahlaoui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The hemoptysis, warning sign, is a frequent cause of consultation in the domain of the pneumology. The purpose of this study is to present the etiologic and prognostic profile of the hemoptysis through a retrospective study of 290 patients hospitalized at the department of Respiratory Diseases UHC Ibn Rochd between January 2008 and January 2010 because they suffer from a hemoptysis, let 15% of all the hospitalizations during the same period. Most patients are male (89%). The average age was 46.4 years old (age brackets: 18 to 84 years). Smoking was noticed in 68% of cases and the case history of tuberculosis in 28%. The hemoptysis is of low abundance in 69%, of middling abundance in 21% and great abundance in 10%. The main causes of hemoptysis in our study are: the bronchogenic carcinoma in 152 cases (52%), the bacterial infections in 40 cases (14%), the pulmonary tuberculosis in 27 cases (9%), the sequelae of tuberculosis in 21 cases (7%), the cyst in 16 cases (6%), the dilatation of the bronchi in 14 cases (5%), the pulmonary aspergilloma in 11 cases (4%), the cardiac disease in 3 cases (1%), the pulmonary embolism in 2 cases (0.6%), Behcet9s disease and pulmonary hemosiderosis in 1 case each (0.3%). No etiology has been determined in two patients (0.6%). We deplore 3 deaths (1%) because of withering hemoptysis. It appears from this study that the main causes of hemoptysis are bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis, hence the importance of prevention by fighting against tobacco and tuberculosis.
Attenuation of Exogenous Murine Mammary Tumor Virus Virulence in the C3H/HeJ Mouse Substrain Bearing the Lps Mutation2
Authors: H. C. Outzen, D. Corrow, L. D. Shultz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Attenuation of Exogenous Murine Mammary Tumor Virus Virulence in the C3H/HeJ Mouse Substrain Bearing the Lps Mutation Get access H. C. Outzen, H. C. Outzen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Corrow, D. Corrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. D. Shultz L. D. Shultz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 75, Issue 5, November 1985, Pages 917–923, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/75.5.917 Published: 01 November 1985 Article history Received: 24 January 1985 Revision received: 10 June 1985 Accepted: 12 July 1985 Published: 01 November 1985
Are groups more or less than the sum of their members? The moderating role of individual identification
Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, Sarah E. Ainsworth, Kathleen D. Vohs
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

This paper seeks to make a theoretical and empirical case for the importance of differentiated identities for group function. Research on groups has found that groups sometimes perform better and other times perform worse than the sum of their individual members. Differentiation of selves is a crucial moderator. We propose a heuristic framework that divides formation of work or task groups into two steps. One step emphasizes shared common identity and promotes emotional bonds. In the other step, which we emphasize, group members take increasingly differentiated roles that improve performance through specialization, moral responsibility, and efficiency. Pathologies of groups (e.g., social loafing, depletion of shared resources/commons dilemmas, failure to pool information, groupthink) are linked to submerging the individual self in the group. These pathologies are decreased when selves are differentiated, such as by individual rewards, individual competition, accountability, responsibility, and public identification. Differentiating individual selves contributes to many of the best outcomes of groups, such as with social facilitation, wisdom-of-crowds effects, and division of labor. Anonymous confidentiality may hamper differentiation by allowing people to blend into the group (so that selfish or lazy efforts are not punished), but it may also facilitate differentiation by enabling people to think and judge without pressure to conform. Acquiring a unique role within the group can promote belongingness by making oneself irreplaceable.
Etanercept in chronic severe asthma
Authors: C Oliveri, R Polosa
Journal: Thorax (2006)

We read with interest the recent open labeled investigation with etanercept as add-on therapy in 15 patients with chronic severe asthma by Howarth and colleagues.1 In these patients treatment with etanercept (25 mg administered subcutaneously twice a week for a period of 12 weeks) was associated with a substantial improvement in asthma symptoms, lung function, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The clinical improvement was measured by means of the Juniper asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) score; during treatment with etanercept the ACQ score fell considerably from a mean (range) of 26 (9–32) to 11 (4–27).

The most common adverse effects during treatment were respiratory tract infections (58.8%) and asthma exacerbations (52.9%). Ten of the 15 patients presented with respiratory tract infections associated with worsening of asthma control. The majority of asthma exacerbations are caused by acute respiratory viral infections, of which rhinoviruses are by far the most frequent,2,3 but other respiratory pathogens are also important.4,5 Immunosuppression induced by …