tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of infection and estimated incidence of tuberculosis in northern Uganda
Authors: GB Migliori, A Borghesi, A Spanevello, P Eriki, M Raviglione, G Maciocco, A Morandi, L Ballardini, M Neri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The main goals of our study were to evaluate: 1) the annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) and its annual decrease in Uganda; 2) the expected incidence of new tuberculosis cases and the notification rate; and 3) the role of incentives given to children tested in increasing compliance with the survey procedures. The methodology is based on performing the standard World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculin test on children of the same age groups at intervals of 10-15 yrs, identifying infected persons by induration distribution analysis, and converting the prevalence rates detected into risk rates according to the ARTI model. Two thousand six hundred and twenty one school children aged 10 yrs old and bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) nonvaccinated, in six study areas, were injected with two tuberculin units (TU) of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT 23 Copenhagen. The detected prevalence was 14 +/- 1.4% (prevalence +/- 95% confidence interval (95% CI)) and the ARTI value 1.2 +/- 0.9%, with an estimated annual decrease of 0.83% from 1958 to 1970 and 2.9% in the 1970-1987 period. The estimated expected incidence of new cases in Uganda was 59 smear positive and 75 smear negative/extrapulmonary cases per 100,000 population in 1987, and 53 and 65, respectively, in 1990, with an overall 68% notification coverage. No significant improvement in children returning for reading was observed in the group receiving incentives. We conclude that the average decrease (2.9%) probably represents the natural decline of tuberculosis in Uganda. The coverage appears encouraging, although the ARTI detected could be underestimated, since the existing ARTI model was developed and validated before the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) era.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Right ventricular afterload and myocardial oxygen demand during exercise in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Denis Chemla, Yves Papelier, Susana Hoette, Nicolas Creuze, Vincent Castelain, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Phillipe Herve
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and aim: In pulmonary hypertension (PH), the increased afterload leads to an increase in right ventricular (RV) myocardial oxygen demand. The RV mean systolic ejection pressure (Pms) and the RV systolic pressure time integral (SPTI) have been proposed as valuable estimates of RV afterload and myocardial oxygen demand, respectively. Our study documented the correlates of Pms and SPTI in PH patients.  Material and methods: Eleven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure mPAP = 57±10 mmHg) were studied, namely 6 arterial PH and 5 chronic thromboembolic PH. They underwent high-fidelity right heart catheterization at rest and on mild exercise (cycling) while supine. The workload was increased stepwise up to 60W and three-to-six hemodynamic points were obtained. The Pms was calculated as the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) averaged over the systolic duration, i.e., from end-diastole to dicrotic notch. The SPTI was the Pms times the systolic period product.  Results: The full data set consisted of 46 hemodynamic points. The Pms ranged from 60 to 117 mmHg and was related to systolic PAP (sPAP, r2 = 0.99), mPAP (r2 = 0.97) and PA pulse pressure (r2=0.86) (each P   Conclusion: In PH patients performing mild exercise, RV afterload (Pms) was related to the steady component of arterial load (mPAP, sPAP) while the RV myocardial oxygen demand (SPTI) was mainly related to the pulsatile component of arterial load (pulse PA pressure).
Phase II trial of the epothilone analog sagopilone (ZK219477; ZK EPO) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: Initial report of the EORTC study 26061
Authors: R. Stupp, A. Tosoni, W. Taal, P. Hau, M. Campone, J. Gijtenbeek, M. P. Frenay, T. Gorlia, D. Lacombe, A. A. Brandes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2015 Background: Sagopilone is a fully synthetic analog of epothilone B. It inhibits microtubule depolarization and induces cell cycle arrest. Not a substrate for ABCB1, good penetration into normal brain is expected. In orthotopically implanted brain tumor models it has demonstrated antitumor activity. This early clinical trial aims at evaluating the efficacy of sagopilone in recurrent glioblastoma, the success rate as a composite of response or progression-free survival at 6 months [PFS-6] is the primary endpoint. Methods: Pts with measurable first recurrence or progressive disease after ≥ 3 mo from the end of radiochemotherapy were eligible, if WHO performance status [PS] ≤ 2, no significant co-morbidity and adequate hematological, liver and renal function tests. Sagopilone (16mg/m²) was administered as 3 h infusion every 3 wks. Response was assessed every 2 cycles (6 wks). Fleming's one stage design was selected assuming: P0, unacceptable success rate=8%; P1, target success rate=23%; if ≥ 5 successes were observed in 35 evaluable pts, the drug would be considered interesting in this indication. Results: Between 12/2006 and 08/2007, 38 (36 eligible treated) pts from 7 institutions were enrolled: median age 57 yrs (range 20–76), PS was 0 in 14 pts, PS 1 in 17 pts and PS 2 in 6 pts. A total of 100 cycles were administered (median 2, range 1–6), main reason for treatment discontinuation was disease progression in 82%. Related toxicity (grade 3) was: leucopenia (2 pts), neutropenia (3 pts), fatigue (2 pts), neuropathy (1 pt). Grade 1 and grade 2 neuro-sensory toxicity was also reported in 35% and 5% of pts, respectively. No objective response was documented, 13 pts had disease stabilization as best response. Two pts achieved PFS-6, in 2 pts follow-up is too early. The current success rate is 5.7%, (95%CI 0.007–19.0), the actuarial PFS-6 is 9.4% (95% CI 2.5–22.0). Conclusions: The envisaged activity mark can not be reached. Hematotoxicity and neurosensory alterations are the main toxicities. Our results do not support further exploration of sagopilone at this dose and schedule in malignant glioma. This trial has been supported in part by an unrestricted grant of Bayer-Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Improving Adiponectin Levels in Individuals With Diabetes and Obesity: Insights From Look AHEAD
Authors: L. Maria Belalcazar, Wei Lang, Steven M. Haffner, Dawn C. Schwenke, Andrea Kriska, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Ron C. Hoogeveen, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Russell P. Tracy, Christie M. Ballantyne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether fitness changes resulting from lifestyle interventions for weight loss may independently contribute to the improvement of low adiponectin levels in obese individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) randomized overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss or to diabetes support and education (DSE). Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin (adiponectins), weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (submaximal exercise stress test) were measured in 1,397 participants at baseline and at 1 year, when ILI was most intense. Regression analyses examined the associations of 1-year weight and fitness changes with change in adiponectins. RESULTS ILI resulted in greater improvements in weight, fitness, and adiponectins at 1 year compared with DSE (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Weight loss and improved fitness were each associated with changes in adiponectins in men and women (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all), after adjusting for baseline adiponectins, demographics, clinical variables, and treatment arm. Weight loss contributed an additional 4–5% to the variance of change in adiponectins than did increased fitness in men; in women, the contributions of improved fitness (1% greater) and of weight loss were similar. When weight and fitness changes were both accounted for, weight loss in men and increased fitness in women retained their strong associations (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) with adiponectin change. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in fitness and weight with ILI were favorably but distinctly associated with changes in adiponectin levels in overweight/obese men and women with diabetes. Future studies need to investigate whether sex-specific biological determinants contribute to the observed associations.
Abstract 16642: Distinctive Characteristics of Left Atrial Remodeling in Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Faction
Authors: Vojtech Melenovsky, Rosita Zakeri, Margaret M Redfield, Barry A Borlaug
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Left atrial structure and function (LA) is affected by the presence of heart failure (HF), but the specific impact of HF subtype is poorly characterized. Hypothesis: HF-induced LA remodeling differs between patients with preserved (pEF) or reduced ejection fraction (rEF). Methods: 198 consecutive HF patients referred to Mayo Clinic (51% HFpEF, NYHA 3.1±0.7, 66±13 years, 39% females) and 40 HF-free controls of similar age and gender underwent right heart catheterization (LA pressures), echocardiography (LA volumes) and follow-up. Results: Compared with controls, HF patients had larger atria and more impaired LA reservoir and contractile function (total and active LAEF, all p&lt;0.001). At identical mean LA pressure (20 vs 20 mmHg, p=0.9), HFrEF patients had larger LA volumes (LAVI 50 vs 41 ml/m 2 p&lt;0.001), but HFpEF patients had higher LA peak (V-wave) and lower LA minimal pressures, with higher LA stiffness (0.79 vs 0.48 mmHg.ml -1 , p&lt;0.001, Fig-A) and LA pressure pulsatility (19 vs 13 mmHg, p&lt;0.001). Despite smaller LA size, better LA function (total LAEF 39 vs 35 %, p=0.04, active LAEF 30 vs 22 %, p&lt;0.001) and less mitral regurgitation (grade 1.8 vs 2.5, p&lt;0.001), HFpEF patients had more atrial fibrillation (42 vs 26%, p=0.02). After a median follow-up 350 days, 31 HFpEF and 28 HFrEF patients died. LA function was associated with mortality in HFpEF, but not in HFrEF (Fig-B). Conclusions: HFrEF is characterized by greater eccentric LA remodeling, but HFpEF is associated with increased LA stiffening and greater LA pressure pulsatility which may contribute to greater burden of atrial fibrillation. The observation that LA function is more closely linked to outcome in HFpEF supports the goal to maintain or improve LA function in HFpEF.
Quantitative Cloning of Malignant Human Glioma Cells by Conditioned Medium2
Authors: T. T. Chen, J. Mealey, R. L. Campbell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Quantitative Cloning of Malignant Human Glioma Cells by Conditioned Medium Get access T. T. Chen, T. T. Chen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Mealey, Jr., J. Mealey, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Campbell R. L. Campbell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 6, December 1975, Pages 1275–1280, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.6.1275 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 25 February 1975 Revision received: 14 July 1975 Accepted: 07 August 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
Dobutamine stress echocardiography in women with chest pain
Authors: Jannet F Lewis, Lang Lin, Susan McGorray, Carl J Pepine, Mark Doyle, Daniel Edmundowicz, Richard Holubkov, Gerald Pohost, Nathaniel Reichek, William Rogers, Barry L Sharaf, George Sopko, C.Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Abstract 337: The Cardiolipin-targeting Peptide Bendavia Preserves Post-ischemic Mitochondrial Energetics by Sustaining Respiratory Supercomplexes
Authors: David A Brown, Fatiha Moukdar, Rick J Alleman, Daniel S Lark, P D Neufer, Saame R Shaikh
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Bendavia is a mitochondria-targeting peptide currently being tested in the EMBRACE-STEMI trial for reducing injury during acute coronary syndromes. We previously showed that the cardioprotective effects of Bendavia involved improving cardiolipin-dependent mitochondrial membrane fluidity. As membrane fluidity influences the ability of proteins to assemble, we hypothesized that a consequence of augmented membrane fluidity would be higher expression of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes. Rat hearts (n=42) were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with or without 1nM Bendavia perfusion beginning at the onset of reperfusion. Left ventricular tissue was split into one of two study arms: 1. Supercomplex expression using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), or 2. High-resolution respirometry using permeabilized ventricular fibers. For BN-PAGE studies, respiratory supercomplex bands were decreased with I/R, and restored with Bendavia (see figure). High-resolution respirometry studies indicated suppressed Complex I-dependent respiration after I/R (208±19 v 42±9 pmol O2/mg*s in control v I/R, respectively; P&lt;0.05). Complex II-dependent respiration was also lower (753±41 v 168±13 pmol/mg*s in control versus I/R; P&lt;0.05). Perfusion with Bendavia during reperfusion significantly increased Complexes I- (100±13pmol O2/mg*s) and II-dependent (334±63 pmol O2/mg*s) respiration (P&lt;0.05 versus untreated IR for both). Taken together, these data suggest that Bendavia’s protective mechanism of action involves preserving supercomplex-dependent mitochondrial function during cardiac reperfusion.
Inhaler technique: An unmet need in patients with difficult asthma?
Authors: Toby Capstick, Ian Clifton, Julie Morgan, Jon Silcock, Alison Blenkinsopp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Patients with difficult asthma require specialist multi-disciplinary care. Assessment of inhaler technique is vital to ensure that medicines are used effectively. This audit forms part of a research study assessing the effects of pharmacist interventions in difficult asthma.   Aims:  To determine how frequently patients are able to use inhalers despite previous education.   Methods:  Adults attending a difficult asthma clinic were recruited to the study. Asthma control was measured using Juniper’s ACQ. Inhaler technique was assessed for devices currently or previously used by each patient, as optimal (no errors), satisfactory (some minor errors) or unsatisfactory (at least one critical error, significantly affecting lung deposition).   Results:  25 patients (mean ACQ 2.7) performed a total of 81 inhaler technique assessments (see table). This had previously been assessed by a nurse in the difficult asthma clinic (21 patients), practice nurse (5), hospital pharmacist (4), consultant physician (4), community pharmacist (1) or GP (1). Despite previous training only 25 assessments (31%) were performed optimally. At least one critical error was made in 46 (57%) assessments, identified in significantly more aerosol than dry powder devices (Fisher’s Exact Test, p=0.003).   Conclusions:  Despite previously having their inhaler technique assessed, many patients with difficult asthma made critical errors that may contribute to poor asthma control. It is crucial that inhaler technique education is performed by trained healthcare professionals.
Cardiomyopathy with alopecia and palmoplantar keratoderma (CAPK) is caused by a <i>JUP</i> mutation
Authors: H. Erken, K.O. Yariz, D. Duman, C.T. Kaya, T. Sayin, A.O. Heper, M. Tekin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Cardiomyopathy with alopecia and palmoplantar keratoderma (CAPK) is caused by a JUP mutation Get access H. Erken, H. Erken Departments of Cardiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.O. Yariz, K.O. Yariz Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Duman, D. Duman Division of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Dikimevi, Ankara 06100, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.T. Kaya, C.T. Kaya Departments of Cardiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Sayin, T. Sayin Departments of Cardiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.O. Heper, A.O. Heper Pathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Tekin M. Tekin Departments of CardiologyPathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey Mustafa Tekin. E‐mail: mtekin@med.miami.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 165, Issue 4, 1 October 2011, Pages 917–921, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10455.x Published: 01 October 2011
Humoral Response to Neuraminidase-Treated Tumor Cells2
Authors: William A. Sansing, G. Mark Kollmorgen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

L1210 leukemia cells grew progressively and caused tumor deaths in all recipient mice. However, when these cells had been treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (YCN) prior to injection, tumor deaths did not occur. Both untreated and VCN-treated L1210 cells elicited a humoral response, as manifested by an increasing percent of cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity, with various types of membrane-associated immunoglobulins. Progressive turner growth was associated with a large percent of peritoneal exudate (PE) cells bearing membrane-associated IgGl, a late increase in the percent of PE cells with IgG2, and only a small percent of PE cells with IgM on their surfaces. Conversely, PE cells from mice given VCN-treated L1210 cells were characterized by a small percent with IgGl,an early increase in percent of cells with IgG2, and a large percent with membrane-associated IgM. An injection of VCN-treated Ll210 cells into mice with progressively growing L1210 tumors caused frequent tumor remissions, with a corresponding alteration of the ongoing humoral responses. Both the degree of alteration and the number of cures depended on the tumor burden at the time VCN-treated tumor cells were injected. The humoral response in mice with tumor remission following immunization was comparable to the response detected after an injection of VCN-treated cells only.
Immunologic Abnormalities in Patients With Malignant Lymphoproliferative Diseases2
Authors: C. P. Hunter, H. Tannenbaum, W. H. Churchill, W. C. Moloney, P. H. Schur
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The B- and T-lymphocyte distribution was studied in 45 patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. Eight patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease had normal mean percentages of complement receptor lymphocyte (CRL) cells and Tcells; however, the mean absolute number of T-cells was decreased. T-lymphocytes were also decreased in 3 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated 7-24 months previously. The number of T-lymphocytes increased markedly in all patients after treatment. Lymphocyte surface markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed distinctive patterns. Patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis or “hairy cell leukemia” characteristically had low percentages of CRL but normal or increased percentages of surface immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes. The mean percentage and number of T-lymphocytes in this group were normal. Eight patients with nodular lymphocytic lymphoma and 2 patients with nodular lymphocytic-histiocytic lymphoma had normal mean numbers of CRL but decreased numbers of T-lymphocytes. Of 6 patients with diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma, 4 had elevated percentages and numbers of CRL. Despite low percentages, normal numbers of T-lymphocytes were found in 3 of these patients.
Incorporation of Asialo G&lt;sub&gt;M2&lt;/sub&gt; and Gangliosides in Cell Surface of Cultured Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Balb/3T3 Cell Lines: Altered Adhesion to Substrate In Vitro and Subcutaneous Tumor Cell Take&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G Yogeeswaran
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Isolated asialo GM2 (Cer-Glc-Gal-GalNAc) and total ganglioside fractions from RNA virus-transformed Balb/3T3 cell lines were incorporated in the poorly metastatic MuSV85 Cl 3 and the highly metastatic K234 cell lines in an attempt to study changes in their substrate adhesive properties in culture and to correlate any such changes to tumor cell survival in inbred BALB/c mice. The studies revealed that 5×108 molecules of gangliosides and 2.5–3.0×109 molecules of asialo GM2 per cell could be incorporated from culture medium by both cell lines in 8 hours of incubation. The incorporated asialo GM2 and gangliosides could be detected on the cell surface of both cell lines by galactose oxidase labeling and susceptibility to neuraminidase, respectively. The enriched glycosphingolipids appeared to be metabolically stable. The highly metastatic K234 cells grown in control medium showed a slightly higher (18.8%) substrate adhesion than non metastatic MuSV85 Cl 3 cells. Differences in substrate adhesive properties of cells were best observed when assayed in serum-containing medium. The uncharged asialo GM2 enrichment of cells resulted in decreased adhesion in both cell lines (K234, 1.4-fold; MuSV85 Cl 3, 2.8-fold). In contrast, ganglioside enrichment increased substrate adhesion (K234, 1.2-fold; MuSV85 Cl 3, 1.5-fold). Subcutaneous tumor cell take of control and glycosphingolipid-enriched cells were studied with [125l)5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-labeled cells. Incorporation of gangliosides in MuSV85 Cl 3 increased tumor cell take by 21-fold and in K234, somewhat moderately by 1.6-fold. In contrast, asialo GM2 enrichment in both cell lines decreased tumor cell take by 1.9- and 2.7-fold. The results indicate that incorporation of exogenous gangliosides and asialo GM2 in cells can produce a reciprocal alteration in their in vitro substrate adhesion and their tumor cell take in vivo.