tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunomorphologic Classification of Spontaneous Lymphoid Cell Neoplasms Occurring in Female BALB/c Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P K Pattengale, C H Frith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

With the use of a recently proposed, combined immunomorphologic classification (Pattengale-Taylor, 1981) for murine lymphomas and related leukemias, 70 spontaneously occurring lymphoid cell neoplasms from female BALB/cStCrl mice were evaluated and classified and then compared to the earlier Dunn classification (Dunn, 1954). The predominant lesion (Le., 60% total incidence) in female BALB/c mice [previously called “reticulum cell sarcomas (neoplasm)”, type B, by Dunn] was a lymphoid cell neoplasm derived from follicular center cells (Le., follicular center cell [FCC] lymphoma). The B-cell nature was further confirmed in the majority (76%) of these FCC lymphomas by means of immunoperoxidase techniques that demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Clg). Smaller percentages of B-Iymphoblastic (10% total incidence) and B-immunoblastic (7% total incidence) lymphomas were also observed. In addition, FCC, B-lymphoblastic, and B-immunoblastic lymphomas occurred in female BALB/c mice over 20 months of age. In contrast, Clg-negative lymphoblastic lymphomas involving the anterior mediastinum (and presumably T-cell in origin) occurred with a bimodal incidence in both young (13% total incidence at a mean age <6 mol and old (10% total incidence at a mean age >21 mol female mice.
Origin and evolution of organisms as deduced from 5S ribosomal RNA sequences.
Authors: H Hori, S Osawa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

A phylogenetic tree of most of the major groups of organisms has been constructed from the 352 5S ribosomal RNA sequences now available. The tree suggests that there are several major groups of eubacteria that diverged during the early stages of their evolution. Metabacteria (= archaebacteria) and eukaryotes separated after the emergence of eubacteria. Among eukaryotes, red algae emerged first; and, later, thraustochytrids (a Proctista group), ascomycetes (yeast), green plants (green algae and land plants), "yellow algae" (brown algae, diatoms, and chrysophyte algae), basidiomycetes (mushrooms and rusts), slime- and water molds, various protozoans, and animals emerged, approximately in that order. Three major types of photosynthetic eukaryotes--i.e., red algae (= Chlorophyll a group), green plants (Chl. a + b group) and yellow algae (Chl. a + c)--are remotely related to one another. Other photosynthetic unicellular protozoans--such as Cyanophora (Chl. a), Euglenophyta (Chl. a + b), Cryptophyta (Chl. a + c), and Dinophyta (Chl. a + c)--seem to have separated shortly after the emergence of the yellow algae.
Repercussion of cough in sleep quality in COPD exacerbation
Authors: Irene Torres-Sánchez, Angela Ruiz-Saez, Ignacio Casado-Moreno, Belén Gallego-Ariza, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Marie Carmen Valenza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread disease. Sleep quality is significantly impaired in many patients with COPD and may be further diminished when certain symptoms as cough and dyspnea are present. Numerous studies have been focused on sleep quality previously but no one has observed the relationship between sleep quality and cough.   Objetive:  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and cough in COPD patients hospitalized due to acute exacerbation.   Methods:  Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to estimate sleep quality, and cough was evaluated with Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ).   Results:  We recruited fifty COPD patients hospitalized due to acute exacerbation. Mean age was 71 years old. The results are shown in table 1:   Conclusion:  These findings suggest that patients with worse sleep quality have worse punctuation in cough questionnaire. More studies are needed to improve the knowledge of this association.
GRACE Network of Excellence: Genetic susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections in Europe
Authors: Anna Rautanen, Tara Mills, Stephen Chapman, Christine Lammens, Margareta Ieven, Adrian Hill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is one of the leading reasons for seeking medical care in Europe. However, not everyone is equally susceptible to LRTI.  Aims and objectives: To identify host genetic factors that may play an important role in explaining this inter-individual variation in susceptibility to LRTI.  Methods: DNA was extracted from blood samples of 3000 cases and 3000 matched controls recruited within the GRACE study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 19 genes, selected based on our earlier studies on severe LRTI (invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)), were genotyped with Sequenom9s iPLEX technology.  Results: SNPs in the genes PTPN22 (Arg620Trp: p=0.037, OR 2.0) and NFKBIZ (rs616597: p=0.022, OR 0.87; rs600718: p=0.028, OR 0.87) associated with LRTI in the initial analysis which included half of the cases and controls. PTPN22 is a lymphoid specific protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates the immune response through T-cell signalling. NFKBIZ is one of the NFκB inhibitors and thereby affects the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Genotyping of the rest of the samples is ongoing. In addition, more candidate genes possibly involved in the host immune response to viral infections will be genotyped. In the further analyses, cases will be subdivided based on the microbiological cause of their LRTI, namely between bacterial and viral infection, and further to specific pathogens.  Conclusions: Host genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of IPD might also be important in defence against milder LRTIs. Identification of these factors may potentially lead to more individualised detection, treatment, and prevention of LRTIs.
Antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at an out-patient stage in the Samara region during the 5-year period
Authors: Olga Sivakova, Evgeniya Petrovskaya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Despite steady diagnostics and treatment methods improvement,CAP still remains to be one of the leading reasons in structure of respiratory organs diseases’ morbidity in the advanced develop countries.

Aim :To carry out pharmacoepidemiologicaly monitoring of prescription antibiotics during treatment of  in medical institutions of the Samara region.

Methods :155 out-patient cards of patients with the diagnosis CAP living in the Samara region and being on out-patient treatment in medical institutions of the Samara region during the period from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed.

Results :The average age of the observable ones is 41,8 ± 0,8 years.It is revealed that leading positions on the prescription frequency are taken by group of b-lactam:ceftriaxone,amoxicillin-clavulanate,and in comparison with 2008(then the protected penicillin prevailed)there was a significant growth in prescriptions third-generation cephalosporin in 2012.Prescriptions of macrolides are stable,the aminoglycosides decreases from 1-2 prescriptions in 2008 to absence in the next years.The share of prescriptions fluoroquinolones portion increases.It is observed decrease in number of hospitalizations from 54,5% in 2008 to 31,7% in 2012,and in out-patient treatment duration on an average from 28,1 days in 2008 to 19,8 days in 2012.

Conclusions :For the 5-year period there were high-quality changes in prescriptions of antibiotics for treatment of  in out-patient conditions structure,led to decrease in frequency of hospitalizations.It leads to the reduction of the state economic losses since the main part of population having  in Samara region are the able-bodied age people.
Cardiac risks with beta agonists
Authors: B. LINDMARK;, R. M MARTIN, N. R DUNN, R. D MANN, S. N FREEMANTLE
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To report an atypical presentation of Lance-Adams Syndrome presenting from severe respiratory depression rather than cardiac arrest and to highlight the importance of distinguishing it from post hypoxic myoclonic variants. <h3>Background:</h3> Clinicians often face difficulty distinguishing Lance-Adams Syndrome (LAS) from Myoclonic Status Epilepticus (MSE). Similarities between the two conditions frequently result in confusion when diagnosing, managing and prognosticating for post-hypoxic myoclonus patients. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A 23-year-old male with a history pertinent for Hemophilia B, depression, opiate and alcohol abuse and chronic pain was found down in his home next to an empty bottle of clonazepam. He was hypoxic with oxygen saturation in the 40s and intubated in the field. Upon arrival to the Emergency room, neurological examination revealed intact corneal reflexes but no gag reflex, cough, or purposeful movements of the extremities. The patient exhibited stimulus induced myoclonic jerking which lasted &gt;30 minutes despite being loaded on valproic acid and levetiracetam. Jerking subsequently ceased with propofol drip. Chest X-ray confirmed interstitial opacities and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. On attempting to wean sedation, patient exhibited full-body myoclonus including face and palate with inability to follow commands and lack of spontaneous movements. As the EEG showed BIPEDS greater than 2.5 HZ, we decided to burst suppress him and treat with targeted temperature management. After 10 days, the patient was successfully weaned from sedation and extubated, but remained on multiple anti-seizure medications. <h3>Results:</h3> Patient responded well despite his diffuse cerebral anoxic injury. He regained the ability to follow commands upon discharge but had residual moderate expressive aphasia and post-hypoxic action-induced myoclonus, consistent with LAS. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The atypical presentation of this case emphasizes the importance of distinguishing LAS from MSE to guide neurologists to aggressively treat LAS to improve outcome, particularly since MSE historically results with a 90–100% mortality rate. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Culpepper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Terpak has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cruz-Saavedra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krishnaiengar has nothing to disclose.
Acute effect of an e-cigarette with and without nicotine on lung function
Authors: Anastasios Palamidas, Sofia-Antiopi Gennimata, Georgios Kaltsakas, Stamatia Tsikrika, Sofia Vakali, Christina Gratziou, Nikolaos Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

E-cig is an electrical device that vaporizes propylene or polyethylene glycol-based liquid solution into an aerosol mist containing different concentration of nicotine. Our preliminary study Gennimata et al, ERJ;40.Sup56:189s showed an increase in Raw, a concomitant decrease in sGaw and an increase in slope of phase III in a limited number of subjects immediately after smoking a single e–cig containing nicotine. We extended our protocol in a larger group of never smokers and in smokers. We implemented the same protocol with a nicotine free e-cig in a group of never smokers.  We studied 60 subjects before and after smoking an e-cig containing 11mg nicotine (Group A). Group A: 9 never smokers and 51 smokers (24 had no overt airways disease, 11 asthma, 16 COPD). Another group of 10 never smokers used a nicotine free e-cig (Group B). Lung function assessed pre and post e-cig use including lung volumes, airway resistance (Raw), specific airway conductance (sGaw) and the slope of phase III. The same brand of e-cig used in both groups, with 11 and 0mg of nicotine.  Group A: a significant increase in Raw was shown in smokers and in never smokers (0.284±0.13-0.308±0.14; p= 0.033, 0.246±0.07-0.292±0.05; p=0.006) with a significant decrease in sGaw (1.197±0.50-1.060±0.42; p= 0.009, 1.313±0.22-1.109±0.18; p= 0.043). Increased slope in phase III was shown only in asthmatic patients (p=0.008). Group B: increase in Raw (0.247±0.03-0.333±0.08; p=0.005) and a decrease in sGaw (1.213±0.29-0.944±0.18; p=0.009) noted.  The present study supports our preliminary results showing increased Raw and a concomitant decrease in sGaw. These changes might be due to the vaporizing liquid but not to the inhaled nicotine per se.
Pediatric Tumors
Authors: M. Massimino, G. Cefalo, G. Trecate, F. Simonetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.1.273 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11134223 Pediatric Tumors Case 1. Sucking and Recovery After Brain Surgery M. MassiminoxM. MassiminoSearch for articles by this author , G. CefaloxG. CefaloSearch for articles by this author , G. TrecatexG. TrecateSearch for articles by this author , F. SimonettixF. SimonettiSearch for articles by this author Show More Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.1.273 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17.
Authors: B Fisher, J Dignam, N Wolmark, E Mamounas, J Costantino, W Poller, E R Fisher, D L Wickerham, M Deutsch, R Margolese, N Dimitrov, M Kavanah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE In 1993, findings from a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial to evaluate the worth of radiation therapy after lumpectomy concluded that the combination was more beneficial than lumpectomy alone for localized intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS). This report extends those findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women (N = 818) with localized DCIS were randomly assigned to lumpectomy or lumpectomy plus radiation (50 Gy). Tissue was removed so that resected specimen margins were histologically tumor-free. Mean follow-up time was 90 months (range, 67 to 130). Size and method of tumor detection were determined by central clinical, mammographic, and pathologic assessment. Life-table estimates of event-free survival and survival, average annual rates of occurrence for specific events, relative risks for event-specific end points, and cumulative probability of specific events comprising event-free survival are presented. RESULTS The benefit of lumpectomy plus radiation was virtually unchanged between 5 and 8 years of follow-up and was due to a reduction in invasive and noninvasive ipsilateral breast tumors (IBTs). Incidence of locoregional and distant events remained similar in both treatment groups; deaths were only infrequently related to breast cancer. Incidence of noninvasive IBT was reduced from 13.4% to 8.2% (P = .007), and of invasive IBT, from 13.4% to 3.9% (P &lt; .0001). All cohorts benefited from radiation regardless of clinical or mammographic tumor characteristics. CONCLUSION Through 8 years of follow-up, our findings continue to indicate that lumpectomy plus radiation is more beneficial than lumpectomy alone for women with localized, mammographically detected DCIS. When evaluated according to the mammographic characteristics of their DCIS, all groups benefited from radiation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in patients without bronchiectasis
Authors: Jana Bhavani Adizie, Stephen O'Hickey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction 

In non Cystic Fibrosis bronchiectasis, Pseudomonas colonisation is a marker of severity. In patients with COPD, colonisation with Haemophilus Influenza and Streptococcus Pneumoniae causes an increased exacerbation rate. Pseudomonas colonisation has been reported to be 20% in these patients but the significance of this is yet to be determined.

Method 

We opportunistically reviewed cases of patients colonised with Pseudomonas from April 2012 to April 2013 at Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust retrospectively. The reviewed cases were 28% of all patients with positive sputum growth of Pseudomonas.

Results 

76 cases were reviewed; 43(57%) female and 33(43%) male. The mean age was 70 years. 57(75%) had radiological evidence of bronchiectasis and 15 (20%) did not (no imaging in 4 (5%)). Lung function was performed in 61 (80%) of patients with the following results: Very severe obstruction: 10 (16%); Severe obstruction: 20 (33%); Moderate obstruction: 21 (34%); Mild obstruction: 3 (5%); Other 4 (7%). In those with bronchiectasis, 45 (79%) had obstructive lung function tests, 55 (96%) were on high dose inhaled steroids. Of the 15 patients without bronchiectasis, 9 (60%) had airway obstruction and all were on high dose inhaled corticosteroids.

View this table:

Charactertistics of patients colonised with Pseudomonas





Conclusion 

20% of patients colonised with Pseudomonas had no radiological evidence of bronchiectasis. 60% of these patients were on high dose inhaled corticosteroids. The clinical relevance is not clear but this small study demonstrates the need for further investigation.
Abstract 3749: Interleukin-11 has a Novel Role in Proliferation and Migration of Cultured Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Vitro And Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Vivo
Authors: Siddharth Srivastava, Peter Charles, Xinchun Pi, Isabel Moreno, Anka Veleva, Eleanor Hilliard, Pamela Lockyer, Cam Patterson, Julius Aitsebaomo
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Interpretation of clinical trials in diffuse large-cell lymphoma.
Authors: J O Armitage, B D Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Diffuse large-cell lymphoma is one of the neoplasms curable with chemotherapy in an appreciable percentage of patients. However, all patients are not cured and the best combination of agents is not certain. This reflects the lack of completed comparative trials using the regimens that appear most effective. Despite this uncertainty, several principles for the therapy of diffuse large-cell lymphoma can be identified that allow an analysis of the results reported in the literature. These principles include the following: (1) for a regimen to be curative in a substantial number of patients it must achieve a high rate of complete remissions; (2) cure must be accomplished with frontline therapy; (3) drugs must be delivered at curative doses; (4) rapidity of achieving a complete response might be related to chance for cure; (5) prolonged treatment for diffuse large-cell lymphoma is unnecessary; and (6) aggressive therapy is toxic. In analyzing the results with any regimen it is important to have long follow-up since late relapses do occur and initial very positive results tend to decay with greater numbers of patients treated. Applying these principles to the reported chemotherapy studies in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma suggest that no one of the new regimens is clearly superior to the others. Also, it is not clear that cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) delivered at full doses to comparable patients is inferior to the newer regimens. The results of ongoing studies comparing these regimens might help resolve these questions.
RME30 biodiesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction
Authors: Jenny A. Bosson, Jon Unosson, Anders Blomberg, Thomas Sandström, Jamshid Pourazar, David E. Newby, Nicholas L. Mills, Jeremy P. Langrish
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale: Whilst particulate air pollution is well recognized as a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and thus plays a vital role in global warming, exposure is also detrimental to cardiovascular and respiratory health. The environmental impact of switching to more sustainable fuels is well accepted; however there is little evidence of potential health benefits that may result from such an approach. Here we examined cardiovascular and respiratory effects after inhalation of biodiesel blend and petrodiesel exhaust.  Methods: 16 healthy subjects were exposed to petrodiesel exhaust and biodiesel blend (30% rapeseed methyl ester (RME30) blended with petrodiesel) for 1h, standardized for PM mass concentration of 300 µg/m3. Vascular vasomotor function was assessed with forearm venous occlusion plethysmography, using acetylcholine, bradykinin, sodium nitroprusside and verapamil. Additional cardiorespiratory measurements were also performed throughout.  Results: Infusion of all vasodilators caused a dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow (P 0.05 for all), but attenuated as compared to filtered air exposures from previous studies.  Conclusions: Diesel exhaust inhalation is known to impair vascular endothelial function, which is linked to an increase in cardiovascular events. This study demonstrates that replacing 100% petrodiesel with RME30, a commercially available mixture, results in similar adverse effects, and suggests there are unlikely to be any health gains in switching from petrodiesel to RME30. We suggest that these adverse health effects should be taken into consideration alongside environmental concerns when assessing future developments.
Dental management of the female patient
Authors: Joan Otomo‐Corgel
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2012)

Abstract Hormonal changes throughout the life cycle of women affect the therapeutic decision‐making process of dentists. Recent research has provided an appreciation of how unique endocrine influences can affect oral, periodontal and peri‐implant tissues. As endocrine status may modify periodontal and oral tissue responses to treatment, it is imperative that clinicians recognize, customize and appropriately alter periodontal therapy according to the specific hormonal stage of women.