tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH ATLAS FRACTURES DURING PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORT
Authors: Nikolaos Syrmos, A Mylonas, G Gavridakis, K Grigoriou, V Valadakis, C Iliadis, D Arvanitakis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Radiological evaluation is very important in spinal trauma patients during sport activities, specially in cases with atlas fractures. Aim Aim of this study was to analyze the radiological evaluation and the role of X-ray, CT and MRI findings in 12 young patients with atlas fractures during sport activities (amateur and professional). Material and Methods During a 12 year period (2000–2012) we analyzed 12 patients with atlas fractures during sport activities (amateur and professional). Ten male, two female, mean age 25, range from 16 to 30 years. Results All of them 12,100% had admission X-rays and CT-scan that confirmed the presence of an atlas fracture. Ten patients,had also MRI-scan (group 1), two patients, only X-rays and CT-scan (group 2). We analyzed also the type of sport activity, amateur (group A, 6 patients 50%), professional (group B, 6 patients, 50 %), then the timing of injury, recent trauma (group I, 11 patients) and chronic trauma, more than seven days after the initial injury (group II, 1 patient). Two Jefferson burst fractures, four bilateral posterior arch fracture, one comminuted lateral mass fractures, one linear lateral mass fractures, one unilateral ring fracture, one asymmetric anterior and posterior arch fractures, two bilateral anterior arch fracture. Six patients were treated with Halo-Vest and Six Patients with Philadelphia Collar The average follow up was 18 months. Conclusions Further studies were warranted but the combination of CT and MRI is is very useful for the evaluation and for the therapeutic approach of spinal trauma patients, specially in cases with atlas fractures. The long term stability seems to have good results.
Some Theoretical Remarks about the Theme Aggression
Authors: P.C. Kuiper
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Aggressive behaviour comes into being when libidinal and ego forces are frustrated. The libido versus aggression hypothesis has not always clarified the discussion. It is nessessary to distinguish aggression and destruction. The libido versus aggression hypothesis is therefore a handsome tool in psychotherapy, especially for investigating the fantasies of the patient and expressing his instinctual forces.
Diverse human rhinoviruses A and C from children with respiratory infections in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Yoke-Fun Chan, Faizatul Lela Jafar, Anna-Marie Nathan, Jessie Anne de Bruyne, Ardalinah Hassan, Siti Sarah Nor'e, Sazaly AbuBakar, I.-Ching Sam
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO
Authors: Carl W. Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The effects of hyperimmune anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antibody on the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to SRBC by mouse spleen cells in vitro were studied. Anti-SRBC antibody specifically suppressed the PFC response against SRBC. The degree of suppression was directly related to the amount of antibody added and was overcome by large amounts of antigen. Suppressive activity was absorbed from the sera by SRBC and could be partially eluted from the antigen by heat. The PFC response in cultures stimulated with antigen-antibody complexes prepared with high concentrations of antibody were suppressed; however, some complexes prepared at lower antibody concentrations stimulated greater responses than SRBC alone. Antibodies collected after four immunizations had greater suppressive ability than those collected after two immunizations. The degree of suppression was as great whether antibody was added at the initiation of the cultures or 24 hr later, suggesting that during the first 24 hr the culture system was antigen-dependent. Incubation of separated lymphoid cells with antibody did not impair their ability to develop a PFC response in vitro. However, if macrophages were incubated with antibody either before or after incubation with SRBC, the subsequent PFC response by lymphoid cells was suppressed. The data are consistent with the conclusion that antibody suppresses the PFC response in vitro by neutralizing the antigenic stimulus at the macrophage-dependent phase of the response.
Sex education should begin in primary school
Authors: O. Ejidokun, D. McNulty, J. Linnane, S. Ramaiah
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We read with interest the news story about the ChildLine report in which children expressed concerns about puberty.1 We were especially concerned about the dearth of information and support provided by the children's parents.

During the past century, there has been an acceleration in the rate of physical growthof children and adolescents, leading to faster and earlier maturation. There has also been a downward trend in the …
UK chancellor proposes independent board to run NHS
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An independent board responsible for the day to day running of the health service has been proposed by the UK's chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, as a way of defusing political disputes over its performance.

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Gordon Brown said it was necessary to separate the decisions that politicians make from day to day administration of the NHS 

Credit: JOHN THOMPSON/MOUSETRAP MEDIA LIMITED

The idea, to “depoliticise” the NHS, is being compared …

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THE EARLY STAGE OF HYSTERIA
Authors: M. Culpin
Journal: BMJ (1918)

I;'ia o been in an asylum; a third that his brother was a ne'er- do-well, and th'at his m-other died of a " stroke"; and in a. fourth} vase the patient's mother was a doubtful epileptit.tn the remaining eleven cases the family was free from nervous or mental trouble.In dealing with the question, however, one has a feeling that these histories are by no means always reliable, and in dealing with men coming prom all parts of the world it is impossible to corroborate them.In conclusion, I should like to state my agreement with other writers on the subject .that the predisposing causes of these co1ditions has no' doubt been "fear."The fear of bpgt afaid is now.pommonly.rec.o ¶iized as a very liiia factor in the production of al. functional.con- ditions, but want of sleep, cold, wet, and the appalling sights at the front have 11 no doubt contributed their share to the' climax which has been brought about by the shell explosion, when each individual reacts to emotions according to his personality.
CD4+CD28null T cells in RA show distinctive proinflammatory features and IFN- promoter demethylation
Authors: J. Pieper, O. Snir, S. Johansson, P. Janson, O. Winqvist, V. Malmstrom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Approximately one third of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients display an expanded T cell subset that lacks the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, often referred to as CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells. Despite the lack of CD28 expression these cells are not anergic, but oligoclonaly expanded, and terminally differentiated with proinflammatory features, for example, rapid secretion of IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Interestingly, RA patients having an expanded CD28<sup>null</sup> population are more likely to suffer from extra-articular manifestations and cardiovascular disease. Still, even when CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells are significantly increased in the circulation, they are usually infrequent in synovial fluid. Here the authors wished to compare the inflammatory capacity of CD28<sup>null</sup> cells in blood and synovial fluid by studying their cytokine secreting capacity and the postgenomic regulation of the IFN-γ locus. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and synovial fluid were isolated from RA patients. Intracellular cytokine production of cells was investigated by multiparameter flow cytometry following polyclonal and antigen-specific stimulation. In addition, the IFN-γ producing capacity was further studied by epigenetic analysis of the IFN-γ promoter on pure conventional CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup> or CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells from both blood and synovial fluid. Furthermore, the extended cytokine environment was studied in cell culture supernatants following polyclonal activation. <h3>Results</h3> Conventional T cells obtained from both blood and synovial fluid showed a robust production of IFN-γ, TNF and interleukin-17 following polyclonal stimulation. In contrast, the CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells consistently failed to make interleukin-17, while producing large amounts of IFN-γ. In agreement with the biased cytokine secretion, the IFN-γ promoter of this T cell subset was highly demethylated in blood (n=3), but the authors9 preliminary data indicate that this was less pronounced in synovial fluid (n=3). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells commonly found in the circulation of RA patients are devoted Th1 proinflammatory T cells with high capacity of IFN-γ and TNF secretion. However, these cells are not as common in the affected joints, and may have different effector functions at the site of inflammation. Further studies are needed to reveal whether this is due to a conversion in the local inflammatory milieu or whether joint-homing CD28<sup>null</sup> T cells represent a less differentiated cell subset.
The role of action potential prolongation and altered intracellular calcium handling in the pathogenesis of heart failure
Authors: A Wickenden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Action potential prolongation is a common finding in human heart failure and in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism of action potential prolongation involves altered expression of a variety of depolarising and hyperpolarising currents in the myocardium. In particular, decreased density of the transient outward potassium current seems to play a prominent role, regardless of species, precipitating factors or the severity of hypertrophy. The decreased density of the transient outward current appears to be caused by reduced transcription of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 and may be caused in part by an inhibitory effect of α-adrenoceptor stimulation. During the early stage of the disease process, action potential prolongation may increase the amplitude of the intracellular calcium transient, causing positive inotropy. We argue therefore, that action prolongation may be a compensatory response which may acutely support the compromised cardiac output. In severe hypertrophy and end-stage heart failure however, despite continued action potential prolongation, the amplitude of the calcium transient becomes severely reduced. The mechanism underlying this event appears to involve reduced expression of calcium handling proteins, and these late events may herald the onset of failure. At present the events leading to the late changes in calcium handling are poorly understood. However, chronic activation of compensatory mechanisms including action potential prolongation may trigger these late events. In the present article we outline a hypothesis which describes a potential role for action potential prolongation, and the associated elevation in the levels of intracellular calcium, in maladaptive gene expression and the progression toward cardiac failure.
The bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colon tumor growth by modifying the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Guillaume Dalmasso, Antony Cougnoux, Julien Delmas, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Richard Bonnet
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The gut microbiota is suspected to promote colorectal cancer (CRC). Escherichia coli are more frequently found in CCR biopsies than in healthy mucosa; furthermore, the majority of mucosa-associated E. coli isolated from CCR harbors the pks genomic island (pks+ E. coli) that is responsible for the synthesis of colibactin, a genotoxic compound. We have recently reported that transient contact of a few malignant cells with colibactin-producing E. coli increases tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Growth is sustained by cellular senescence that is accompanied by the production of growth factors. We demonstrated that cellular senescence is a consequence of the pks+ E. coli-induced alteration of p53 SUMOylation, an essential post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. The underlying mechanisms for this process involve the induction of miR-20a-5p expression, which targets SENP1, a key protein in the regulation of the SUMOylation process. These results are consistent with the expression of SENP1, miR-20a-5p and growth factors that are observed in a CRC mouse model and in human CCR biopsies colonized by pks+ E. coli. Overall, the data reveal a new paradigm for carcinogenesis in which pks+ E. coli infection induces cellular senescence characterized by the production of growth factors that promote the proliferation of uninfected cells and, subsequently, tumor growth.
Interdependence of Exchangeable Sodium and Plasma Renin Concentration in Determining Blood Pressure in Patients Treated by Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: S. M. Rosen, P. J. A. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Plasma renin concentration and exchangeable sodium were measured in 13 patients with terminal renal failure maintained by dialysis therapy. Blood pressure in seven "responsive" patients was controlled by ultrafiltration but was not controlled in six "resistant" patients. Plasma renin concentration was inversely related to exchangeable sodium in the responsive group but was inappropriately high for the level of exchangeable sodium in the resistant group. There was a better correlation between mean blood pressure and the product of plasma renin concentration and exchangeable sodium than with renin concentration alone.These results indicate that a severely diseased kidney can respond to changes in exchangeable sodium by alterations in renin secretion and they also support the concept that the potential pressor effect of renin is modified by exchangeable sodium. The product of the two factors might be used to determine the "effective" plasma renin concentration in respect of blood pressure.
Animal cognition meets evo-devo
Authors: R. Allen Gardner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Sound comparative psychology and modern evolutionary and developmental biology (often called evo-devo) emphasize powerful effects of developmental conditions on the expression of genetic endowment. Both demand that evolutionary theorists recognize these effects. Instead, Tomasello et al. compares studies of normal human children with studies of chimpanzees reared and maintained in cognitively deprived conditions, while ignoring studies of chimpanzees in cognitively appropriate environments.
Use of Crowdsourcing for Cancer Clinical Trial Development
Authors: Amanda Leiter, Tomasz Sablinski, Michael Diefenbach, Marc Foster, Alex Greenberg, John Holland, William K. Oh, Matthew D. Galsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Patient and physician awareness and acceptance of trials and patient ineligibility are major cancer clinical trial accrual barriers. Yet, trials are typically conceived and designed by small teams of researchers with limited patient input. We hypothesized that through crowdsourcing, the intellectual and creative capacity of a large number of researchers, clinicians, and patients could be harnessed to improve the clinical trial design process. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and utility of using an internet-based crowdsourcing platform to inform the design of a clinical trial exploring an antidiabetic drug, metformin, in prostate cancer. Over a six-week period, crowd-sourced input was collected from 60 physicians/researchers and 42 patients/advocates leading to several major (eg, eligibility) and minor modifications to the clinical trial protocol as originally designed. Crowdsourcing clinical trial design is feasible, adds value to the protocol development process, and may ultimately improve the efficiency of trial conduct.
Epitope characterization and crystal structure of GA101 provide insights into the molecular basis for type I/II distinction of CD20 antibodies
Authors: Gerhard Niederfellner, Alfred Lammens, Olaf Mundigl, Guy J. Georges, Wolfgang Schaefer, Manfred Schwaiger, Andreas Franke, Kornelius Wiechmann, Stefan Jenewein, Jerry W. Slootstra, Peter Timmerman, Annika Brännström, Frida Lindstrom, Ekkehard Mössner, Pablo Umana, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Christian Klein
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE ROLE OF CHELATION AND OF HUMAN PLASMA IN THE UPTAKE OF SEROTONIN BY HUMAN PLATELETS*
Authors: Grace P. Kerby, S. M. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Recent studies in this laboratory of platelets from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non- rheumatoid inflammatory states (1) have empha- sized the importance of the transport system or systems concerned with absorption and release of serotonin by platelets.There is no agreement or definite knowledge concerning such transport mechanisms at present.Born, Ingram and Stacey (2) reported a positive correlation between seroto- nin (5HT) absorption and ATP content in plate- lets, and Baker, Blaschko and Born (3) observed that 5HT and ATP were present in the same cy- toplasmic fraction of platelets.Hughes, Shore and Brodie (4) felt that the rapid inhibition of uptake of serotonin produced by reserpine sug- gested blocking of an energetic transport mecha- nism for absorption, whereas the slow rate of release of serotonin from such platelets was con- sistent with passive diffusion.As regards an ac- tive absorption mechanism, Sano, Kakimoto and Taniguchi (5) noted a stimulatory effect of glu- cose on absorption of serotonin by rabbit platelets; they attributed this to ATP formed during glucose oxidation and suggested that ATP supplied the energy for absorption.However, inhibition of glucose metabolism did not result in slow release of serotonin as might have been expected with passive diffusion.An additional enzymatic mecha- nism for release was postulated therefore.Weiss- bach, Bogdanski and Udenfriend (6) and Weiss- bach, Redfield and Titus (7) called attention to the role of phosphates and potassium in the uptake of serotonin by saline suspensions of human platelets and to the inhibitory effect of cardiac glycosides on this system.They noted evidences for different mechanisms of uptake in different systems in vitro.In the present study the problem of uptake of 5HT was explored by two types of experiments.
Spontaneous variability in ventricular ectopic activity during chronic antiarrhythmic therapy.
Authors: J L Anderson, M I Anastasiou-Nana, R L Menlove, F L Moreno, J N Nanas, A H Barker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Previous determinations of variability in frequency of ventricular arrhythmias have been based on repeated recordings obtained in the absence of therapy. We evaluate variability during "effective" treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Variability in the percent suppression of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) was determined in 55 patients with chronic arrhythmias who underwent multiple ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings during evaluation of chronic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs initially determined to be effective, which was defined as 70% or more reduction in total PVC frequency or 90% or more reduction in repetitive forms. During chronic therapy, total PVCs were suppressed by 92%, averaged after a logarithmic transformation step, and repetitive beats were suppressed by 88%. Variability in suppression was substantial. The one-sided 95% confidence intervals required a fall in suppression of total PVCs to 40% or less to exceed limits of spontaneous variability and of repetitive PVCs to 66% or less. Suppression declined at least once during therapy to less than 60% for total PVCs in 24 of 55 patients (44%) and to less than 80% for repetitive PVCs in 13 of 33 patients (39%); nine patients (16%) showed increases in PVC frequency at least once to levels above pretreatment baseline. Seven subgroups were analyzed for their effects on variability and loss of suppression: age, gender, disease etiology, cardiac function, baseline PVC frequency, use of beta-blockers, and class of antiarrhythmic drug. Differences in confidence bounds and loss of suppression were found to be determined in a complex way by subgroup differences in variability and in initial levels of PVC suppression. Variability was greater for patient subgroups with greater PVC frequency, beta-blocker therapy, and non-coronary artery disease. However, clinical loss of suppression was more common only in more elderly patients and those with worse cardiac function. In summary, substantial variability in arrhythmia frequency occurs during effective antiarrhythmic therapy, and the 95% confidence limits of spontaneous variability are broad and determined in a complex way. Careful consideration should be given before concluding on the basis of a single Holter test that changes (increases) in arrhythmia frequency, especially in certain subgroups, are caused by treatment failure.
ApTrkl, a Trk-like Receptor, Mediates Serotonin- Dependent ERK Activation and Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
Authors: Jake Ormond, Jonathan Hislop, Yali Zhao, Neil Webb, Francois Vaillaincourt, John R. Dyer, Gino Ferraro, Phil Barker, Kelsey C. Martin, Wayne S. Sossin
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Are the media manipulating the GMC?
Authors: A. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Smith's review of media coverage of the General Medical Council draws attention to the fact that regardless of the outcome of the case in Bristol (in which two cardiothoracic surgeons and a manager are accused of operating on children despite high mortality) the GMC will lose.1 It is important that the GMC acts appropriately in this case; the GMC is on trial as much as, if not more than, the doctors from Bristol. Because this trial has been driven by the media …
Use of Local Hypothermia in Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.
Authors: William J. Grace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Use of Local Hypothermia in Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.William J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P.William J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-324_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is felt that local gastric hypothermia is capable of controlling almost all patients with massive hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer. It can control at least half of the patients with massive hemorrhage from gastric ulcer. In patients with esophageal varices the bleeding can be controlled, but in our small series the mortality rate from hepatic decompensation was very high. Most patients with "stress ulcer" can be controlled.Local gastric hypothermia has been used in the treatment of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage.1. Seven out of 8 patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer were promptly controlled.2. Five of 7 patients with bleeding... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 324-324KeywordsDeath ratesDuodenal ulcersGastric ulcersGastrointestinal hemorrhageHemorrhageHypothermiaUlcers Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...