tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I feasibility and pharmacologic study of weekly intraperitoneal paclitaxel: a Gynecologic Oncology Group pilot Study.
Authors: P Francis, E Rowinsky, J Schneider, T Hakes, W Hoskins, M Markman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

This study was designed to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacology of paclitaxel administered by the intraperitoneal (IP) route on a weekly schedule.Thirty-three patients with residual ovarian cancer following standard chemotherapy were entered onto this phase I trial. Patients were treated weekly with IP paclitaxel administered in 2 L of normal saline following premedication. Patients with nonassessable disease received 16 weekly courses. The initial dose level was 20 mg/m2/wk. There was no intrapatient dose escalation.Multiple grade 2 toxicities were observed at the 75-mg/m2/wk dose level. These toxicities included abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and fatigue. One episode of grade 4 vomiting thought to be secondary to a transient partial small-bowel obstruction occurred at this dose level. At dose levels > or = 60 to 65 mg/m2, pharmacology studies documented the persistence of significant IP paclitaxel levels 1 week after drug administration, suggesting very slow peritoneal clearance and continuous exposure of the peritoneal cavity to active concentrations of paclitaxel. Low plasma paclitaxel concentrations were detected in the majority of patients treated at dose levels > or = 55 mg/m2.Paclitaxel can be delivered by the IP route on a weekly schedule with both an acceptable toxicity profile and a major pharmacokinetic advantage for cavity exposure. The recommended dose and schedule for phase II study of IP paclitaxel is 60 to 65 mg/m2 weekly.
Phase I trial of escalating doses of cisplatin in hypertonic saline.
Authors: D Bajorin, G J Bosl, R Fein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

A phase I trial of escalating doses of cisplatin (CDDP) in 3% sodium chloride was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of this method of administration. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was 40 mg/m2/d X 5 (200 mg/m2) in previously untreated patients, with dose-limiting leukopenia occurring on day 24 (median; range, 19 to 28). Nephrotoxicity was minimal. Ototoxicity was dose limiting in two patients. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in only one patient, but few patients received multiple courses of therapy. Six partial responses (PR) were observed in 47 patients, including two patients with refractory breast cancer and four with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin. Two of the four patients with head and neck cancer had been previously treated with conventional doses of CDDP, suggesting a possible dose-response phenomenon in this disease. The saline infusion was well tolerated by older patients, suggesting that this method of administration can be safely used in those CDDP-sensitive malignancies that occur in older patients.
Value of Emergency Cardiac Enzymes: Audit in a Coronary Care Unit
Authors: F Lewis, F Jishi, C E Sissons, J T Baker, D F Child
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Medical audit in a district general hospital coronary care unit led to the introduction of an emergency cardiac enzyme service. 91.2% of patients eligible for thrombolysis therapy received treatment following this introduction compared to 73.7% before (P = .05). No patient was treated inappropriately on the basis of a raised cardiac enzyme.
Efficacy of administration of 0.02% solution of decamethoxine via nebulizer in patients with infectious exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Olha Denysova, Rostyslav Sukhin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background.  Drug delivery via nebulizer is highly effective in patients with various respiratory diseases. In randomized placebo-controlled study we evaluated the efficacy of 0.02% solution of decamethoxine delivered via nebulizer, which has high antiseptic, antimicrobial and antiviral activity, in patients with acute infectious exacerbations of COPD. Also decamethoxine has additional anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects.   Methods . 85 eligible patients were randomized to receive 2 ml of 0.02% solution of decamethoxine via nebulizer 2 times/day (n=45) or placebo (n=40) in addition to standard therapy with β2-agonists, antibiotics, mucolytics etc.   Results  .  In patients of the main group the mean time of hospitalization was 4.3 days shorter than in placebo. Disappearance of fever in the group of decamethoxine was reached earlier (on 1.6 day vs. 2.3 day in control). Disappearance of moist wheezing in the group of decamethoxine was reached earlier also (on 4.6 day vs. 6.9 day in control).   Conclusions.  This study demonstrated that adding decamethoxine via nebulizer to standard therapy of infectious exacerbations of COPD can improve the results of treatment and reduce the time of hospitalization.
Physical Activity Status and Acute Coronary Syndromes Survival
Authors: Christos Pitsavos, Stavros A. Kavouras, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Sophia Arapi, Costas A. Anastasiou, Spyros Zombolos, Petros Stravopodis, Yannis Mantas, Yannis Kogias, Antonis Antonoulas, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
French consensus conference on hepatitis C: screening and treatment
Authors: J P Galmiche
Journal: Gut (1998)

This consensus conference followed the rules developed by the French Agence Nationale pour le Développement de l’Evaluation Médicale (ANDEM) . Briefly, this required an organising committee, a working group whose task was to make a comprehensive critical review of the literature before the conference was held, a panel of experts, and a jury. The conference was held over two days and included ( a ) a public session with presentations by experts working in areas relevant to the consensus questions, ( b ) questions and statements from conference attendees, and ( c ) deliberation by the jury, followed by the drafting of conclusions and recommendations.
The first H7N9 influenza case of Shanghai in 2014: Reemerged virus with different origin of PB2 gene
Authors: Yanchao He, Wanju Zhang, L. Xu, Zhoufang Mei, Ling Qian, Yunwen Hu, Zhijun Jie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It is interesting that the first H7N9 influenza case worldwide was found at Minhang district of Shanghai in February of 2013, however, the first H7N9 case of Shanghai in 2014 emerged in the same area on 4 January after eight months of silence of the disease. We compared the clinical features and viral genomes of the first 2014 case of Shanghai with the previous H7N9 patients of 2013. There are two important findings in our study. One is that although the clinical feature was similar with the previous reported cases, complete genomic sequencing showed the source of PB2 gene of Shanghai/01/2014 virus was different from the strains of 2013. A subset of avian H9N2 virus found in the Wenzhou chicken may supply the PB2 fragment to Shanghai/01/2014 virus but the biological significance of this reassortment remains unknown. The other is that this H7N9 virus could not competently replicated in the upper respiratory tract but in the lower respiratory tract as the two throat swabs collected before and one day after oseltamivir therapy were all negative but high viral load were observed in the sputa collected at the same days.So continuous monitoring of the pandemic potential of this novel virus is necessary.
Identification of factors associated with high breast cancer risk in the mothers of children with soft tissue sarcoma.
Authors: J M Birch, A L Hartley, V Blair, A M Kelsey, M Harris, M D Teare, P H Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Information on the past medical history of the mothers of a population-based series of 177 children with soft tissue sarcoma was obtained by interview and from medical records. Eight mothers developed breast cancer, six premenopausally, compared with 3.26 expected (P = .04), but no excess of other types of cancers was detected. High breast cancer risk was associated with the following factors in the index child: age at diagnosis less than 24 months (relative risk [RR], 7.84), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RR, 3.74), and male sex (RR, 3.02). Characteristics in the mother associated with high breast cancer risk were the following: late age at first birth (RR, 5.13), late age at birth of index child (RR, 5.69), and high birth-rank order of index child (RR, 4.08). The results suggest there may be a subset of childhood soft tissue sarcoma with a predominantly genetic etiology. The association between premenopausal breast cancer in the mother, late age at birth of index child, and early onset of soft tissue sarcoma in the index child suggests that these three events are not independent and that interactions between genetic and other factors may be important. The identification of a group of women at high risk for breast cancer affords an opportunity for screening and early detection. The study of cancer family syndromes may provide insights into underlying mechanisms in cancer genetics.
Nonimmunogenic Radiation-Induced Lymphoma: Immunity Induction by a Somatic Cell Hybrid<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref>
Authors: E Yefenof, M Goldapfel, R Ber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The cell line designated PIR-2 is a nonimmunogenic X-ray-induced thymoma of C57BL/6 origin that is unable to induce antitumor immunity in syngeneic lymphocytes in vitro and in mice in vivo. Fusion of PIR-2 with an allogeneic "universal fuser" A9HT (clone 3c) resulted in the establishment of a somatic cell hybrid designated A9/PIR. C57BL/6 lymphocytes sensitized in vitro with A9/PIR could lyse parental PIR-2 cells, as well as other syngeneic tumors. However, immunization of mice with the hybrid significantly enhanced PIR-2 tumor takes while it partially protected the animals against a challenge with unrelated syngeneic tumors. The results imply that somatic cell hybridization can increase the immunogenicity of an otherwise nonimmunogenic tumor. However, in view of the enhancing effects of hybrid preimmunization on parental tumor cell growth, the possible application of this approach for immunotherapy is questionable.
A phase III study comparing concurrent gemcitabine (Gem) plus cisplatin (Cis) and radiation followed by adjuvant Gem plus Cis versus concurrent Cis and radiation in patients with stage IIB to IVA carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: A. Dueñas-González, J. J. Zarba, J. C. Alcedo, P. Pattarunataporn, S. Beslija, F. Patel, L. Casanova, H. Barraclough, M. Orlando
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA5507 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. [Table: see text]
Laboratory tests for disorders of complement and complement regulatory proteins
Authors: Angela R. Shih, Mandakolathur R. Murali
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

The complement pathway is a cascade of proteases that is involved in immune surveillance and innate immunity, as well as adaptive immunity. Dysfunction of the complement cascade may be mediated by aberrations in the pathways of activation, complement regulatory proteins, or complement deficiencies, and has been linked to a number of hematologic disorders, including paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria (PNH), hereditary angioedema (HAE), and atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS). Here, current laboratory tests for disorders of the complement pathway are reviewed, and their utility and limitations in hematologic disorders and systemic diseases are discussed. Current therapeutic advances targeting the complement pathway in treatment of complement-mediated hematologic disorders are also reviewed.
MOTT as a cause of treatment failure in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Radwa Elhefny, Hoda Abo Youssif, Yousri Akl, Nada Nawar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Tuberculosis has been & continues to be one of the most significant pathogens in term of human morbidity & mortality. Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis represents a significant proportion of mycobacterial infections, in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, however MOTT patients are initially treated with conventional antituberculous treatments, before the results of culture to identify the bacteria as non tuberculous are available, resulting in a period of time in which patients are treated with drugs to which the bacteria are frequently resistant. The reappearance of positive smear at the end of treatment may be due to relapse of tuberculosis or disease by non tuberculous mycobacteria (MOTT).  The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible role of MOTT in treatment failure cases of pulmonary TB. The study includes 50 patients with treatment failure on basis of persistant positive sputum culture for more than 5 months. Sputum examination by ZN stain, culture of mycobacterial tuberculosis using BACTEC TB system followed by BACTEC NAP TB test on positive BACTEC culture to distinguish between TB complex and MOTT, out of the 50 patients who proved to have persistent positive culture for mycobacteria, 39 patients (78%) had pulmonary infection with mycobacterium complex whereas 11 patients (22%) had pulmonary infection with MOTT.  In conclusion early diagnosis and screening of other mycobacteria is required for the appropriate management. Considering MOTT as a possible cause early in the course of the disease, especially in certain high risk group will allow successful treatment to take place and avoid failure in treatment.
Redefining normality in spirometry with the GLI: A service impact analysis
Authors: Richard Glover, Julie Lloyd
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: GLI reference equations2 have been endorsed by all of the major respiratory societies. Their implementation may present challenges in subjects that have a diagnosis confirmed using current reference equations1.

Aim: Assess the impact upon local patient management when altering reference equations for spirometry.

Methods: 504 [M:F, 263:241] valid spirometry results were retrospectively reviewed. The differences between ECSC1 and GLI2 predicted values for spirometry were analysed.

Results: The cohort consisted of 45 restrictive (<LLN FVC), 284 normal and 175 (<LLN FEV1/FVC) obstructive (AO) spirometry patterns. For GLI reference equations, % predicted FVC would be (av.) -14.8% (F) and -4.4% (M) compared to ECSC; for FEV1, the change would be-8.2% (F) and -3.3% (M); the change was largest in shorter, older females. Of the subjects with AO, 15% would be reassigned as more severe. 25 subjects with normal spirometry would be reclassified with restriction.

Conclusions: Unlike GLI regression equations, which include all ages (3-95), ECSC assume linear decline with age; thus the greatest differences are observed in individuals outside of the range intended for ECSC(>65). The bias is largest for elderly females and is observed in all shorter females. Centres using ECSC should consider switching to GLI reference equations at the earliest opportunity to minimise incorrect patient diagnosis. However, care must be taken to consider the effect of altering reference ranges will have, including the psychological impact upon patients with COPD, and the impact on treatment for patients with IPF (Perfenidone).

References 

1 Quanjer et al. ERJ, 2012;40:1324-43

2 Quanjer P,ed. Bull Euro Physiopathol Respir ,1983;19:1-95.
Many UK patients with gonorrhoea are given outdated antibiotics
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

General practitioners in England are managing chlamydia with the appropriate antibiotics but are not following recommendations for treating gonorrhoea, a study published in the online journal BMJ Open has found.1 This practice could add to the problem of antibiotic resistance, the researchers warn.

For the study researchers analysed anonymous electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink—a large database containing the health records of around 5.5 …
Breast Cancer Prognosis in a Mixed Caucasian-Hispanic Population&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M B Daly, G M Clark, W L McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Prognostic factors were compared between 1,249 Caucasian and 360 Hispanic women with breast cancer. A significantly greater proportion of Hispanic women were less than 50 years of age at diagnosis compared to Caucasian women (P < .0001). Significantly more Hispanic women presented with tumors larger than 3 cm in diameter and with positive axillary lymph nodes than did Caucasian women (P = .004 and P = .0001, respectively). Significantly more Hispanic women were estrogen receptor (ER) negative (P = .005). However, when examined by age groups, the relationships between ethnicity and extent of disease and ER status were observed only among women over 50 years of age. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that there was no difference in survival between Caucasian and Hispanic women once adjustments were made for the number of positive lymph nodes and ER status. Although complete data were not available, it appeared that the incidence of breast cancer is lower in this population of Hispanic women than in Caucasian women.
The Uptake and Secretion of 3-Methylcholanthrene by the Prostate Glands of the Rat and Dog2
Authors: Emil R. Smith, Miasnig Hagopian
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

In anesthetized rats in which prostatic fluid was collected over a 2-hour interval from 24 to 26 hours after a single ip dose of 5 mg [6-14C]3-methylcholanthrene ([14MCA)/kg, radioactivity was found in the fluid at levels only slightly less than those in plasma; at 26 hours after treatment, levels of radioactivity within the prostate were higher than those in prostatic fluid or plasma. When unanesthetized dogs with surgically prepared prostatic fistulas were given a single ip dose of 0.5 mg [14C]MCA/kg and when serial prostatic fluid and plasma samples were collected over the ensuing 50 hours (2 dogs) or 212 hours (1 dog), radioactivity appeared in the prostatic fluid at levels initialIy greater than those in plasma and then fell progressively with time to less than those of plasma. At 50 hours after treatment, radioactivity was recovered from the prostate glands of 2 dogs with fistula and 2 dogs without fistula at levels of about one-fourth those of plasma. Thus it was found that [14C]MCA and/or its metabolites entered the prostate glands and prostatic fluids of the rat and dog.
Risk of second aerodigestive cancers increases in patients who survive free of small-cell lung cancer for more than 2 years.
Authors: B E Johnson, R I Linnoila, J P Williams, D J Venzon, P Okunieff, G B Anderson, G E Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Patients who survived small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) for more than 2 years were evaluated to determine the frequency and anatomic pattern of redevelopment of small-cell cancer and development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and aerodigestive cancers with the passage of time.From April 1973 through December 1991, 578 patients with previously untreated SCLC were entered onto prospective therapeutic trials at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD. Sixty-two (11%) were cancer-free 2 years after initiation of therapy and were assessable for redevelopment of SCLC and development of NSCLC, and aerodigestive cancers.Twenty patients redeveloped SCLC 2.0 to 12.2 years after initiation of chemotherapy, of whom two patients were deemed to have a second primary small-cell cancer that involved the aerodigestive tract. Fifteen patients developed 16 cancers in the lung other than SCLC 3.4 to 14.9 years after initiation of therapy. Two developed other aerodigestive cancers that involved the larynx and lip. The risk of a NSCLC and aerodigestive cancer in these patients increased more than sixfold from 2% per patient per year during years 2 to 4 to 12.6% and 14.4%, respectively, after more than 10 years. The cumulative actuarial risk of a second primary NSCLC or aerodigestive cancer at 16 years is 69% and 72%, respectively.The increasing risk of second aerodigestive cancers with the passage of time is a mounting problem for patients cured of SCLC. Chemoprevention trials for these patients should be considered.
Comparing children hospital admission due to asthma in days with GOOD and NONGOOD air quality in Tehran
Authors: Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Mehdi Alizadeh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  The relationship between air pollution and asthma has been investigated but the results of these studies were different and a definitive conclusion was impossible especially about the type and amount of pollutants that are harmful to health. This study investigated the effects of various air pollutants using GIS-based information on the rate of hospitalizations due to asthma in children in Tehran.  Methods:  Information of patients who admitted with diagnosis of asthma in government run hospitals in Tehran and the total number of admissions in the same age range (2 to 14 years) from March 3th 2009 to March 3th 2011 obtained from medical records. Days of year divided in GOOD and NONGOOD days according guideline for reporting of daily air quality-pollutant standard index (PSI). Two thousand two hundred nineteen cases enrolled in the study and asthma admission to total admission ratio compared with air pollutants data in admission day (725 days) using nonlinear regression method.  Results:  Analysis of study data revealed that there is a significant relationship between NONGOOD nitrogen dioxide (P value  Conclusions:  Significant relationship between nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulfur dioxide concentration in air and admission due to asthma at levels other than GOOD, reveals air pollutants levels can be significantly harmful for children before PSI reaches to hazardous levels.
Abstract 2553: Pritumumab, a natural human IgG antibody defines a tumor-associated biomarker useful in treating brain cancer patients
Authors: Mark C. Glassy, Rishab Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pritumumab is a natural human IgG1 kappa antibody that has been derived from a B-cell isolated from a regional draining lymph node of a patient with cervical carcinoma. Specificity analysis of the antibody with human tissues showed the target antigen, altered tumor-associated vimentin, to be highly restricted to various epithelial cancers and not normal cells and tissues. Daunomycin-pritumumab conjugates were generated that increased the effectiveness of the antibody. In various phase II clinical trials in Japan 249 patients with brain cancer were treated with unconjugated pritumumab. The overall response rate was between 25-30%, a 9-fold increase over standard care, with several survivors beyond 5-years post-treatment. The patients were on a low dose regimen of 1mg given twice a week for a course of 24 weeks for a total dose of 48 mgs per course. Pritumumab appears to be a safe and effective therapy in patients with brain cancer. Citation Format: Mark C. Glassy, Rishab Gupta. Pritumumab, a natural human IgG antibody defines a tumor-associated biomarker useful in treating brain cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2553. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2553