tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Hormones, Reproductive History, and Breast Cancer 2
Authors: Philip E. Sartwell, Federic G. Arthes, James A. Tonascia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Exogenous Hormones, Reproductive History, and Breast Cancer Get access Philip E. Sartwell, M.D., Philip E. Sartwell, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Federic G. Arthes, M.D., Federic G. Arthes, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James A. Tonascia, Ph.D. James A. Tonascia, Ph.D. 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Tonascia, Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 6, December 1977, Pages 1589–1592, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.6.1589 Published: 01 December 1977 Article history Received: 21 January 1977 Accepted: 27 June 1977 Published: 01 December 1977
Association of airway bacterial load with inhaled corticosteroid dosage in stable COPD
Authors: Davinder Garcha, Sarah Thurston, Anant Patel, Alexander Mackay, James Goldring, Tim McHugh, Gavin Donaldson, Jadwiga Wedzicha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used in COPD, either alone or in combination with bronchodilators to reduce exacerbation frequency, but may also increase risk of pneumonia (Calverley et al, NEJM, 2007; Wedzicha et al, AJRCCM, 2008) which is not well understood. Lower airway bacterial colonisation is often present in stable COPD and may predispose to pneumonia. We investigated the relationship between airway bacterial load and ICS dose in stable COPD patients.  We quantified typical bacterial load using a validated PCR (for H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis) from the sputum of 47 stable COPD patients positive for at least one of these species. Patient characteristics: Mean(SD) age 71.6(8.0) years; Male gender 64%; Current smoker 34%; FEV1 49.0(18.4)% predicted. Median (IQR) beclomethasone-equivalent dosage was 2000 (640-2000) µg daily.  Higher airway bacterial load was correlated to higher ICS dosage (corrected for beclomethasone equivalence) in a univariate analysis; r=0.382; p=0.008 (Fig. 1). This relationship remains significant in a multivariate analysis including age, smoking status and FEV1 % predicted (p=0.022).  For the first time we have shown that the use of high ICS dose is associated with higher airway bacterial load and may therefore play a part in increasing susceptibility to pneumonia in COPD.
Altered expression of the α2 laminin chain in psoriatic skin: the effect of treatment with cyclosporin
Authors: None Toti, None Pellegrino, None Villanova, None Flori, None Miracco, None Bartolommei, None Andreassi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The histopathological pattern of psoriasis is characterized by dermal inflammatory reaction and hyperproliferation of the epidermis. The mechanism of the epidermal hyperproliferation is not completely understood, but it is probably modulated by the basal lamina (BL), the alterations of which have not been described. We performed the present study to evaluate the expression of the alpha1, alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 laminin chains and collagen IV in the BL of active psoriasis vulgaris before and after cyclosporin treatment administered until the psoriasis was in remission. The results showed that the alpha2 chain is weak and irregular in the lesions, while the alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 chains and collagen IV are normal, with intense and continuous reaction. In the same subjects, this alteration was absent in skin that was clinically unaffected. After treatment with cyclosporin, the altered expression of the alpha2 chain returned to normal in the healing lesions.
Dual-Modality Liver-Directed Therapy for Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Charles R. Thomas
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solidtumorsworldwideandcontinuestobeamajorpublichealth problem.Whilethereare level 1datasupportingtheuseofsmallmolecule, tyrosine kinase inhibitors against thepathways involved in angiogenesis and tumorproliferation for locally advancedormetastaticHCC,the incorporationofdifferent liverdirected therapeutic agents continues to evolve.1 The goals of HCCtreatment includeaspectrumfrompurepalliation toservingasabridge-to-liver transplant.The intersectionof interventional radiology and radiationoncology is part of themultidisciplinaryapproachtoprimarylivercancer.2 Inthis issueofJAMA Oncology, Huo and Eslick3 report on a systematic review and meta-analysis comparingsingle-modality transcatheterarterial chemoembolization (TACE)with dual-modality TACEplus radiotherapy,with the latter approachbeing superior. This study wouldhavebeenstrengthened if recentlystandardized imaging guidelines of HCC, the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) had been followed.4 This study does not tell us whether radiofrequencyablation,oftenusedasaconsolidative liver-directedapproach, is equal to consolidative radiotherapy, nor does it define the impact of other predictive and prognostic factors, such as initial BCLC (BarcelonaClinic Liver Cancer) stage[EASL-EORTC2012],variability intargetdelineation, treatmentplanning,useandtypeof image-guidance techniques, radiotherapydose-fractionation, anddifferencesbetweenAsian andnon-Asianpatients.5Theanalysis fromHuoandEslick3provide some rationale for dual-modality liver-directed therapy beingconductedatmanycenters.Nevertheless, the ill-defined therapeutic landscape for localizedHCC requires the completion and reporting of well-designed prospective trials that incorporate amultidisciplinary approach and include investigators working together.
New Treatment Guidelines for Penile Cancer
Authors: Philippe E. Spiess
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Although relatively rare in Western countries, penile cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To achieve the most favorable outcomes in men with this malignancy, early medical or surgical treatment is required. Few data are available from prospective, randomized trials, and heterogeneous approaches to care have emerged. In this article, Dr. Spiess presents highlights from the inaugural NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for penile cancer, focusing primarily on treatment strategies for primary penile lesions and regional lymph nodes. NCCN recommendations regarding surveillance and the management of tumor recurrence and metastatic disease are briefly explored.
Clinical features of adult's cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Natalya Manovitskaya, Halina Baradzina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The aim: Evaluation in the dynamics of age, clinical, functional, radiological and laboratory parameters of adult patients with cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2004 to 2012.  Methods: 32 adult patients with cystic fibrosis, age from 18 to 36 years, 17 females and 15 males were examined.  Results: Found that the number of adult patients with cystic fibrosis has increased from 15 to 32 patients in 8 years. An average age increased from 20 [18, 22] in 2004 to 24 [21, 27] in 2012 (Me [25, 75]). Body mass index was 17.5 [16.0, 18.0] kg/m2 in 2004 and 20.0 [17.1, 22.0] kg/m2 in 2012, increase BMI 12.5%. Lung function improved, FVC – 54 [37, 70] % and 70 [60, 95] %, FEV1 - 46 [32, 69] % and 67 [56, 94] % (Me [25, 75]) in 2004 and 2012. Increase FVC 31.3%, FEV1 22.8%. Found that it became significantly more patients (p = 0.04), clinical condition is estimated as good and satisfactory in 2012. In 2012, compared to 2004, a slight decrease in the proportion of adult patients with the presence of sputum Staph. aureus (47% and 67% respectively), however, noted the emergence of a new infectious agent - Acinetobacter (4 patients in 2012).  Conclusion: Due to improvement from 2004 to 2012 of diagnosis and treatment level of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Belarus the number of adults and their average age have increased. Their clinical and functional parameters have improved.
nNO is a good but not perfect screening test for PCD
Authors: Mieke Boon, Marijke Proesmans, Isabelle Meyts, Kris De Boeck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Nasal NO (nNO) is used to screen for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD). nNO and exhaled NO (FENO) are low in PCD and cystic fibrosis (CF), but nothing is known about nNO in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies (HID).

We want to study the discriminate validity of nNO and FENO or composite scores for the diagnosis of PCD.

Methods: 157 patients between 5 and 25 years old performed nNO and FENO measurements using the chemiluminescence analyzer Spiroware 3.0® (Eco Medics): 27 with PCD, 28 with CF, 32 with asthma (A), 30 with HID and 40 healthy controls (C). 6 nNO measurements were performed during slow exhalation against a fixed resistance. For FENO, 2 measurements were done conform ATS/ERS guidelines.

Results: For nNO, median coefficient of variation (CV) was 7.2% (P25 4.1%, P75 19.7%, range 1 to 92%), despite perfect test performance.

nNO differed significantly between PCD and no PCD and between PCD and CF, A, HID and C individually. nNO < 270 ppb had a sensitivity of 92.6 % and a specificity of 89.2 % to diagnose PCD. Area under the curve (AUC) for the ROC curve was 0.978. However, some overlap exists between PCD and CF, HID and A.

FENO was significantly lower in PCD versus no PCD and in PCD versus CF, A, HID and C. FENO < 7.1 ppb had a sensitivity of 92%, but only a specificity of 71.6% (AUC 0.833).

The composite scores nNO + FENO, nNO * FENO, nNO * FENO² all had a lower AUC for the ROC curve, only the composite score nNO² * FENO had an equal AUC and a slightly higher specificity (93.1% for a sensitivity of 92.0%) than nNO measurement alone.

Conclusion: Both nNO and FENO are useful screening tests for PCD: using the composite score nNO² * FENO increases the specificity with stable sensitivity.
A systematic review of models of COPD epidemiology
Authors: Susannah McLean, Victoria Barbour, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Recent figures from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 show that the third top global cause of death was Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. To plan future healthcare priorities, detailed understanding is needed of COPD prevalence and burden and how it will evolve. COPD epidemiological models are available.   Objectives 1. To systematically review existing models which project COPD prevalence and burden  2. To assess the included studies for quality of reporting.   Methods   A systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Seven databases and Google were searched for published and unpublished articles from 1980 to July 2012. Two reviewers selected studies for inclusion. Included were epidemiological models which sought to project the incidence, prevalence and mortality of COPD and burden of COPD in terms of general practice visits, emergency department visits, hospital admissions and treatment costs. Excluded were all animal models and individual prognostic models. Two reviewers agreed a quality of reporting score for each model according to a framework.   Results   20 models were identified and received widely varying quality scores. The models which were used by the World Health Organisation including DISMOD and POPMOD are among the most highly scoring models (16-17/20). Other high scoring models include those developed by a team in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Models depended on different and varied epidemiological inputs and had different levels of mathematical complexity.   Conclusions   The application of epidemiological models to different countries’ COPD populations, including developing nations, will be limited by the availability of accurate epidemiological data.
Density dependence of pulmonary resistance: correlation with small airway pathology
Authors: S Guillemi, J L Wright, J C Hogg, B R Wiggs, P T Macklem, P D Paré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The density dependence of maximal expiratory flow is not an effective test of the site of airway narrowing in obstructive lung disease. We hypothesized that the density dependence of pulmonary resistance (DD,RL) would be more closely related to the degree of airway narrowing and peripheral airway pathology in smokers. We measured maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (V'max50) and lung resistance (RL) breathing air and 80% helium-20% oxygen, and calculated density dependence of V'max50 and RL in 40 patients who had moderate airflow obstruction and in 10 normal subjects. We compared the density dependence of RL and V'max50 with the degree of airway obstruction and bronchiolar pathology scores in 27 patients with resected lung specimens. There were no differences in DD of V'max50 or RL between normal subjects and patients, and no relationship between the degree of obstruction or the bronchiolar pathology score and the DD of these measurements. There were significant relationships between V'max50, RL and the bronchiolar pathology scores. In conclusion, lung resistance and maximal expiratory flow are related to the severity of peripheral airway pathology, but there is no relationship between the severity of obstruction or the severity of peripheral airway pathology and the density dependence of maximal expiratory flow or lung resistance.
Hospitalizations from pandemic influenza (pH1N1) infections among patients with COPD in Spain
Authors: Javier de Miguel Díez, Jorge Chancafe Morgan, Pilar Carrasco Garrido, Valentín Hernández Barrera, Paula Rodríguez Rodríguez, Luis Puente Maestu, Angel Gil de Miguel, Rodrigo Jiménez García
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: We describe and analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes for all persons suffering COPD who were hospitalized with laboratory confirmed pH1N1 infection in Spain in 2009.  Methods: This is an observational retrospective study using hospitalization data collected by the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. We selected all admissions with diagnosis ICD-9-CM code 488.1 (pH1N1). Discharges were grouped, according to the presence or not of COPD. The outcome variables analyzed were in-hospital mortality (IHM), length of hospital stay (LOS), and costs.  Results: The total number of persons hospitalized with pH1N1 was 11,499. Of those, 9.44% suffered COPD. The most common underlying medical conditions among COPD patients included diabetes (18.60%) and obesity (9.94%). COPD was associated to a significantly higher IHM (3.04% vs. 2.40%, p  Conclusions: Among individuals hospitalized in 2009 with pH1N1 infection in Spain the prevalence of COPD was 9.44%. The most common underlying medical conditions among COPD patients included diabetes and obesity. Suffering COPD increased the risk of IHM in subjects admitted to Spanish hospitals due to pH1N1 in 2009, after adjusting for other covariates.
An intensive re-treatment protocol for children with an isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: R C Ribeiro, G K Rivera, M Hudson, R K Mulhern, M L Hancock, L Kun, H Mahmoud, J T Sandlund, W M Crist, C H Pui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To assess the salvage rate and long-term complications among children treated with an intensive regimen for isolated CNS relapse during first remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve boys and eight girls, diagnosed at a median age of 4 years, had CNS relapse at a median age of 7 years. Five had CNS leukemia at presentation, while five completed treatment before relapse. First complete remission lasted a median of 22.5 months. Ten patients had received cranial irradiation plus intrathecal (IT) therapy, and the remainder had received high-dose intravenous and/or IT methotrexate (MTX) as CNS-directed treatment. Retrieval therapy consisted of a five-agent intensive reinduction regimen followed by continuation therapy with four rotating drug pairs. Triple-IT therapy was administered weekly for 4 to 5 weeks, then every 6 weeks until craniospinal radiation (cranium, 24 Gy; spine, 15 Gy; both sites, 1.5 Gy per fraction) was administered. RESULTS All 20 children achieved a second complete remission. The 5-year estimate of disease-free survival (mean +/- SE) was 70% +/- 11%. Thirteen patients remain in remission at 71+ to 126+ months (median, 104+), and 10 of 13 patients tested have normal IQ scores. Four patients have had a second relapse (one CNS and three non-CNS), and three have developed other malignancies. Prior cranial irradiation was associated with subsequent failure; only three of 10 patients who previously received radiotherapy, compared with all of the other 10 patients, remained in second remission. CONCLUSION This intensive retrieval therapy is effective and well tolerated by children with an isolated CNS relapse of ALL, especially those who have not received prior cranial irradiation. Most patients have no significant neuropsychologic impairment.
Survival of Mice Under Duration-of-Life Exposure to Gamma Rays. I. The Dosage-Survival Relation and the Lethality Function&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: George A. Sacher, Douglas Grahn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Survival data were obtained on 5,052 mice given Co60 gamma radiation for the duration-of-life starting at 100 days of age. There were 36 treatment levels, and daily doses ranged from 5 to 200,000 r per day, with mean after-survival times ranging from 500 to 0.25 days. Daily doses of 2500 r per day or less (survival greater than 5 days) were given over a 12- to 15-hour period every day, and higher daily doses over 24 hours with minimal interruption. Dosimetry procedures and errors are fully discussed. The data for survival times of 60 days or less are analyzed in terms of a previously described plot of reciprocal of daily dose (as ordinate) versus mean after-survival time, which has the dimension of accumulated lethal injury per unit daily dose. Four distinct phases of injury are identified, centered at 0.5, 5, 13, and 40 days. These phases can be related to four different modes of physiological injury—to the central nervous system, the gut epithelium, the leukopoietic system, and the erythropoietic system, respectively. A great sex difference in survival times for survivals ranging from 20 to 40 days is revealed. For mean after-survival in excess of 60 days, the plot of logarithm of mean after-survival versus daily dose is very nearly linear, so coefficients of life shortening can be estimated with uncertainties of, at most, a few percent. Despite a sex difference in control survival there is no sex difference in the coefficients of days lost per roentgen. The relation of these results to the results from single-dose, split-dose, and fractionated exposure is discussed, and current mathematical theories are critically examined.
Clonal evolution and resistance to EGFR blockade in the blood of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Giulia Siravegna, Benedetta Mussolin, Michela Buscarino, Giorgio Corti, Andrea Cassingena, Giovanni Crisafulli, Agostino Ponzetti, Chiara Cremolini, Alessio Amatu, Calogero Lauricella, Simona Lamba, Sebastijan Hobor, Antonio Avallone, Emanuele Valtorta, Giuseppe Rospo, Enzo Medico, Valentina Motta, Carlotta Antoniotti, Fabiana Tatangelo, Beatriz Bellosillo, Silvio Veronese, Alfredo Budillon, Clara Montagut, Patrizia Racca, Silvia Marsoni, Alfredo Falcone, Ryan B Corcoran, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Fotios Loupakis, Salvatore Siena, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Alberto Bardelli
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Abstract 5588: Paramedic Activated Cath Lab For STEMI Patients At Community Hospital Meets EMS Arrival-to-Intervention Guidelines With Low False-Positive Activation Rate
Authors: Levon Vartanian, Amilcar Avendano, Gustavo Grieco, Steve Bober, Catherine Bissell, Kevin Traynor, Terry Kirk, Pam Egan, Javier Deloza, Nick Robbins, Loretta Hicks, Molly Shanks
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Recent ACC/AHA STEMI guidelines state “STEMI patients presenting to a hospital with PCI capability should be treated with primary PCI within 90 minutes of first medical contact.” To address this Houston Northwest Medical Center developed a STEMI protocol in 2006 with Cypress Creek EMS, its primary paramedic service, initially to decrease hospital door-to-intervention (DTI) times. System evaluation post implementation indicated that EMS arrival-to-intervention (ETI) times better reflect overall combined performance. ETI is defined as time of EMS arrival on scene to reperfusion treatment. The purpose of this study is to see if a paramedic activated cath lab for STEMI patients met guideline recommendations while maintaining a low false-positive activation rate. Methods: The initial protocol planning team determined greatest DTI reduction could be achieved through transfer of authority for cath lab activation to field paramedics. After obtaining a 12-lead ECG, paramedics notify the emergency department of a possible STEMI and the cath lab team is activated. Upon arrival, the emergency department physician obtains the ECG for interpretation and upon STEMI confirmation, the patient bypasses the emergency department and is transported directly to the cath lab. Data for protocol development was collected from a historical control group using retrospective chart review. Since protocol initiation in June 2006, ETI data is collected prospectively. Results: Between June 2006 and December 2007, 113 patients were transported utilizing the STEMI protocol. Mean hospital DTI time decreased from 121 minutes (control group) to 53 minutes (p&lt;0.01, two-tailed t-Test). Mean ETI time is 87 minutes; Historical ETI data was not collected. 15 (13.3%) false-positive STEMI activations occurred in the study period. Diagnostic accuracy was confirmed angiographically. Mortality rate comparison did not meet statistical significance - 5.4% historical, 5.3% protocol. Conclusions: A paramedic activated cath lab for STEMI decreased DTI and ETI times to meet current guidelines. STEMI diagnostic accuracy was maintained with a low false-positive activation rate. Mortality data is insufficient for statistical significance.