tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Lymphocyte Transformation and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Sjögren's Syndrome*
Authors: Brigid G. Leventhal, Donald S. Waldorf, Norman Talal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

In vitro lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin and streptolysin O and in vivo skin sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochloro-benzene has been studied in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in normal controls of comparable age and sex. Both the in vivo and in vitro responses were significantly impaired in the Sjögren's patients as compared to the controls. This lack of response to mitogenic agents is probably due to an intrinsic defect in the lymphocytes rather than to a serum factor. The abnormalities were less marked in patients whose disease was localized to the parotid and lacrimal glands than in those with generalized disease, i.e., with complicating rheumatoid arthritis or pseudolymphoma.
Ambient endotoxin concentrations in PM10 from Southern California.
Authors: Linda Mueller-Anneling, Ed Avol, John M Peters, Peter S Thorne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Concentrations of endotoxin in urban air pollution have not previously been extensively characterized. We measured 24-hr levels of PM10 (particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) and the associated endotoxin component once every 6 weeks for 1 year in 13 communities in Southern California. All the samples collected had detectable PM10 and endotoxin levels. The geometric mean PM10 was 34.6 microg/m3 [geometric SD (GSD), 2.1; range, 3.0-135]. By volume, the endotoxin geometric mean was 0.44 endotoxin units (EU)/m3 (GSD, 3.1; range, 0.03-5.44). Per unit material collected, the geometric mean of endotoxin collected was 13.6 EU/mg (GSD, 3.2; range, 0.7-96.8). No correlation was found between endotoxin concentrations and other ambient pollutants concurrently measured [ozone, nitrogen dioxide, total acids, or PM2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 micro m in aerodynamic diameter]. PM10 and endotoxin concentrations were significantly correlated, most strongly in summer. Samples collected in more rural and agricultural areas had lower PM10 and mid-range endotoxin levels. The high desert and mountain communities had lower PM10 levels but endotoxin levels comparable with or higher than the rural agricultural sites. By volume, endotoxin levels were highest at sites downwind of Los Angeles, California, which were also the locations of highest PM10. Endotoxin concentrations measured in this study were all < 5.5 EU/m3, which is lower than recognized thresholds for acute adverse health effects for occupational exposures but in the same range as indoor household concentrations. This study provides the first extensive characterization of endotoxin concentration across a large metropolitan area in relation to PM10 and other pollutant monitoring, and supports the need for studies of the role of endotoxin in childhood asthma in urban settings.
Live Oka/Merck Varicella Vaccine in Healthy Children
Authors: Robert E. Weibel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A clinical trial among 137 healthy children, ages 1 to 12 years, was conducted with four different doses (4,350, 870, 435, and 43 plaque-forming units [pfu]) of live Oka/Merck varicella vaccine to evaluate clinical reactions and selected laboratory parameters and to determine the minimum effective dose and induction time of antibody. The vaccine was well tolerated with no significant difference in the rate of reported symptoms by dose. The frequency of varicellalike rash was 3% (4/137); all rashes were mild. Serum aminotransferase values were essentially unchanged after vaccination. Minor variations found in platelet counts after vaccination were not associated with any bleeding, bruising, or clotting. Among initially seronegative children who received doses of 435 pfu or greater, 94% assayed at two weeks and 100% assayed at four or six weeks seroconverted. The geometric mean titers were similar for all four doses at six weeks. IgG and IgA responses were demonstrated with no relation to the vaccine dose. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:2435-2439)
Overnight Metabolic Control with Pulsed Intermittent Versus Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Claire Levy-Marchal, A Michael Albisser, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Subcutaneous insulin pumps deliver insulin both as a premeal bolus and as a continuous basal rate. It has been shown that the effect of the basal component is primarily to maintain normoglycemia overnight, but it is not known whether an intermittent pulsed infusion would achieve similar metabolic control. Six type I diabetic subjects (19–31 yr) were studied for 2 wk. Glycemic control was maintained by premeal injections of regular insulin with subcutaneous infusion overnight. A constant basal flow rate of insulin was delivered either continuously or intermittently as pulses spaced at 30-, 60-, and 120-min intervals. With each type of infusion, given in a randomized order, plasma glucose levels at 0600 h were: 81 ± 12, 89 ± 11, 102 ± 14, and 94 ± 13 mg/dl (mean ± SEM), respectively. These values are not significantly different and remained stable until 1000 h. In addition, the hormonal responses (immunoreactive glucagon and “free” insulin levels) and metabolite levels (lactate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, and glycerol) were the same with continuous and pulsed insulin. These findings are in keeping with the expected kinetics for subcutaneously injected insulin. They may be of considerable interest for the design of smaller and more efficient subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps and demonstrate the wide physiologic limits for subcutaneous basal insulin replacement.
US ethnic minorities are less likely to be screened for cancer, study finds
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans were less likely than white or black Americans to undergo recommended screenings for cancer, a study has found. 

Sallyann Coleman King, the lead author of the study by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, said it was troubling that disparities in screening persisted in some populations. “Screening can find breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers at an early stage, when treatment is more effective. We must continue to monitor cancer screening rates to improve the health of …
Accurate noninvasive quantitation of blood flow, cross-sectional lumen vessel area and wall shear stress by three-dimensional paraboloid modeling of magnetic resonance imaging velocity data
Authors: Sten Oyre, Steffen Ringgaard, Sebastian Kozerke, William P. Paaske, Mogens Erlandsen, Peter Boesiger, Erik M. Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 3398: Reciprocal regulation of <i>MYB</i> and <i>CXCR4</i> in pancreatic cancer cells: Potential pathobiological implications
Authors: Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Arun Bhardwaj, Sumit Arora, Seema Singh, William E. Grizzle, Ajay P. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies with a median post-diagnosis survival of 3-8 months, and a 5 year survival of ∼6%. The poor outcome from pancreatic cancer is largely due to the presence of locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel molecular targets driving aggressive and metastatic progression of pancreatic cancer, and build up a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this regard, we have identified that MYB, encoding for an oncogenic transcription factor (a cellular progenitor of v-Myb oncogenes), is overexpressed in majority of pancreatic cancer cases and cell lines. Furthermore, our data from gain and loss of function studies (in BxPC3 and MiaPaCa cells, respectively) show that MYB overexpression is associated with pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. From the mechanistic standpoint, we observe that MYB regulates the expression of CXCR4 through direct binding to its promoter. MYB-overexpressing BxPC3 cells exhibit significantly enhanced migration and invasion against a CXCL12 (sole ligand for CXCR4) gradient, whereas it is suppressed in MYB-silenced MiaPaCa cells as compared to their respective control cells. Furthermore, MYB-overexpressing cells exhibit greater resistance to serum-deprivation in CXCL12-supplemeted media, an effect that is abrogated upon CXCR4 silencing. Interestingly, in parallel studies, we have observed that treatment with CXCL12 also leads to MYB upregulation in pancreatic cancer cells in a CXCR4 dependent manner. Together, these data are suggestive of a novel positive feedback regulatory loop between CXCR4 and MYB and hold important significance for pancreatic cancer pathobiology. Citation Format: Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Arun Bhardwaj, Sumit Arora, Seema Singh, William E. Grizzle, Ajay P. Singh. Reciprocal regulation of MYB and CXCR4 in pancreatic cancer cells: Potential pathobiological implications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3398
Systemic Anaphylaxis After Rattlesnake Bite
Authors: Elliot F. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ALLERGIC sensitization to rattlesnake venom was first reported in 1930.<sup>1</sup>Since then, venom from all the major snake families has been implicated in the relatively few reports of allergic reactions to venom that have appeared in the literature.<sup>2-6</sup>These allergic reactions have been chiefly of the mucousmembrane sensitivity type involving the eye, nose, and lower respiratory tract. To our knowledge, documented systemic anaphylaxis after venenation has not been reported. Therefore, occurrence of systemic anaphylaxis after rattlesnake bite in a professional snake handler, who had been seen previously for mucous-membrane sensitivities of an allergic nature, was of interest. The purpose of this communication is to call attention to the fact that an immediate collapse reaction after venenation may very well be due to allergy rather than to a "toxicity." There is a distinct possibility that sudden death after snake bite —perhaps erroneously attributed in the past to massive venenation—may
The 'Incidentaloma' of the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Martin Reincke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We describe a series of 18 patients with an intrasellar mass incidentally discovered by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The average size of the mass was 13 mm, with a range from 5 to 25 mm. Initial ophthalmologic examination revealed bitemporal hemianopia in 2 patients. Results of routine endocrine testing showed partial hypopituitarism in 5 patients and growth hormone hypersecretion without signs and symptoms of acromegaly in 1 patient. Four patients underwent neurosurgery. Histologically, one chondroid chordoma and three pituitary adenomas were found. In the remaining 14 patients treated conservatively, repeated computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no significant change in tumor size at the time of follow-up (median, 22 months). Our results suggest that the "incidentaloma" of the pituitary gland is a benign condition that does not necessarily require neurosurgical intervention.
Heme Synthesis and Hypochromic Anemia
Authors: Stephen H. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Anemia with hypochromic red cells is generally attributable to impaired hemoglobin synthesis at one of several biochemical levels. In iron-deficiency anemia the substrate iron is in poor supply, and in the hypochromic anemia sometimes encountered with infectious, inflammatory or other debilitating diseases, there is evidence for ineffective use of available iron stores. The other hypochromic anemias are typically associated with excessive iron stores, often accompanied by iron loading of the mitochondria in red-cell precursors. Staining these cells for iron reveals the "ringed sideroblasts" characteristic of these diseases. The mitochondria are the sites in which protoporphyrin is chelated with iron by . . .
Lack of association between Chlamydia Pneumoniaeseropositivity and thoracic aortic dilatation: A population-based transesophageal echocardiographic study with implications for thoracic aortic aneurysm formation
Authors: Yoram Agmon, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Irene Meissner, JoRean D. Sicks, Angela J. Fought, Thomas F. Smith, David O. Wiebers, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces monocytic maturation of leukemic and normal myeloid precursors through a caspase-dependent pathway
Authors: Paola Secchiero, Arianna Gonelli, Prisco Mirandola, Elisabetta Melloni, Loris Zamai, Claudio Celeghini, Daniela Milani, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Blood (2002)
Deletion and Uniparental Disomy Involving the Same Maternal Chromosome 15
Authors: Linda C. Surh, Hungshu Wang, Alasdair G.W. Hunter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Genomic imprinting on chromosome 15q11q13 results in two disparate syndromes: Prader-Willi syndrome, in which the paternal 15q11q13 is lacking, and Angelman syndrome, in which the ma...
THE EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT AGGLUTINATION OF THE EXPOSURE OF BACTERIA TO HEATED ANTISERUM
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

It is shown that when dilute rabbit serum rich in agglutinin for the hog cholera bacillus is heated at 75 degrees C. for 20 minutes and the bacilli incubated with the heated serum, agglutination fails to result on the addition of unheated immune serum. When the immune serum is first heated to 80 degrees C., it no longer greatly inhibits secondary agglutination when the organisms are exposed to fresh agglutinin. The abortion bacillus agglutinin acts in a similar manner except that the immune serum must be heated above 80 degrees C. for 20 minutes to prevent the second agglutination. The reactions are specific since control experiments with normal rabbit serum heated at various temperatures failed to influence further agglutination. It has also been shown by precipitation tests that there is definite fixation of serum proteins and bacterial cells with the heated sera which would prevent subsequent agglutination. Furthermore, heated antiserum which would prevent the secondary agglutination still possessed the property of deviating complement in a hemolytic series.
Nagging Doubt, Public Opinion Offer Obstacles to Ending `Cluster' Studies
Authors: Chris Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1989)

BIRTH DEFECTS reported by users of video display terminals at the<i>Toronto Star</i>. Cancers in football players practicing and playing in the Meadowlands Stadium in New Jersey. Leukemias in children living near some drinking wells in Woburn, Mass. Health departments have invested large sums of time and energy investigating these so-called clusters, epidemiologists countless hours calculating risk ratios, attorneys endless weeks litigating civil suits. Now, say investigators in Atlanta, Ga, at the Centers for Disease Control, it's time the public health community calls a halt to many of those investigations. In the last 5 years, the Centers for Disease Control has pretty much gotten out of the business of cluster investigation itself, turning over the work to state health departments, says Glyn G. Caldwell, MD, formerly at the Atlanta facility and now deputy director of the Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix: "We just weren't getting anywhere. They weren't productive
Complications Following Infundibular Resection in Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: MALCOLM C. MCCORD, S. GILBERT BLOUNT
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Two patients are presented to demonstrate complications that may arise following infundibular resection in patients with the tetralogy of Fallot. An aneurysm of the infundibular chamber developed in one patient following removal of the infundibular stenosis. A left to right blood flow at the ventricular level occurred postoperatively in a second patient with marked cardiac enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy.
Abstract 3189: Morphological and molecular study of cell-chrysotile interaction in two different cell lines
Authors: Luana R. Ricardi, Paula Rezende-Teixeira, Marcelo Medina de Souza, Glaucia M. Machado-Santelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chrysotile accounts for more than 90% of the asbestos used worldwide. This type of fiber is considered the least oncogenic among the asbestos fibers, mainly based on the fiber dimension and biopersistence inside the lung. It is associated with respiratory diseases and lung cancer and identified as human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However the mechanism and potential of different fibers to cause cancer is still a matter of debate. The present study focuses the interaction of fibers with different cell types, analyzing their ability and mechanism of fiber internalization. After short chrysotile small fibers exposure time (4-8hrs) both non-small cell lung carcinoma and monocytic cell lines were able of fiber internalization. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses showed fibers involved or not by membrane into the cytoplasm and sometimes seemed to be associated with the chromatin. Cytoskeleton elements were observed to be concentrated around the fibers and they were identified as intermediate filaments according to their diameter. Immunofluorescent preparations imaged by laser scanning confocal microscope and submitted to localization analyses showed that both vimentin and cytokeratin may participate in this process. The data suggest that the internalization of fibers may occur through endocytosis and/or by physical perforation of the plasma membrane. Since the scavenger receptors are responsible for recognition and internalization of dust particles by macrophages in lung, and some of them are linked to silica-containing particles recognition we evaluated their expression level of mRNA by using quantitative RT-PCR. The scavenger receptors appear to interfere with the internalization of chrysotile fibers process. SR-A and SCARA5 change their relative expression of mRNA after cell exposure to chrysotile fibers, such as SR-A and SCARA5. Furthermore, our study was the first to find the relationship between the SCARA5 receptor and chrysotile fibers. To check if features of the chrysotile internalization by epithelial and monocytic cells would be related with fibers shape or chemical composition, the cells were exposed to single walled carbon nanotubes in similar conditions. Financial support: FAPESP, CAPES and CNPq) Citation Format: Luana R. Ricardi, Paula Rezende-Teixeira, Marcelo Medina de Souza, Glaucia M. Machado-Santelli. Morphological and molecular study of cell-chrysotile interaction in two different cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3189
Prevention of diabetes in BB/Wor rats by intrathymic islet injection.
Authors: S B Koevary, M Blomberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The objective of this study was to determine whether the intrathymic injection of islets can prevent the development of diabetes in BB/Wor rats. Evidence suggests that a failure to induce islet thymic tolerance may be an etiological factor in the development of the disease. It was theorized that the introduction of islets into the thymus might directly induce islet tolerance and thus prevent disease. Islets from diabetes-resistant BB/Wor rats were injected into the thymuses of 23 young diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats; 25 sham-operated animals served as controls. Results showed that 22 of the 25 control rats became diabetic while only 8 of the 23 experimental rats became diabetic (P less than 0.0002). The specific lysis of islet cells by spleen cells from nondiabetic experimental and control rats was comparable and less than the lysis induced by spleen cells from diabetic rats. These data demonstrate that the intrathymic injection of islets into diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats is an effective method for preventing the development of autoimmune type I diabetes.
Use of Gastric Function Tests by British Gastroenterologists
Authors: J. H. Baron, J. A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A questionnaire was used to study the choice and use of gastric function tests by members of the British Society of Gastroenterology.Pentagastrin has largely replaced older drugs as the stimulant of choice for evoking maximal acid secretion. Insulin tests are being used in situations where they are unlikely to provide useful clinical information. Fewer physicians than surgeons measure gastric secretion, and they use tests less often. The reluctance of physicians to test patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia or gastric ulcer seems justified, but in patients having dyspepsia with negative x-ray films, or after gastrectomy or vagotomy, the greater investigative keenness of surgeons seems commendable. Only half the surgeons ever try to assess the completeness of their vagotomies, and in only one-third of this half is it their usual practice. Criticism is made of the practice of routine measurement of acid in patients with duodenal ulcer, and of the use of acid measurements to decide whether a patient should have surgery or which type of operation should be performed.
A reassessment of the echocardiogram in mitral stenosis.
Authors: G D Cope, J A Kisslo, M L Johnson, V S Behar
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization findings were compared in 61 patients with mitral stenosis without other significant lesions in an attempt to determine the clinical usefulness of echocardiography in the assessment of such patients. There was a poor correlation between the E-F slope on the echocardiogram and the calculated mitral valve area (r = 0.51). A review of reported data relating the E-F slope to mitral valve area indicated that echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve area had low sensitivity and specificity. The amplitude of excursion of the anterior leaflet did not differ significantly in patients undergoing valvotomy and those undergoind valve replacement. The data obtained suggest that while the echocardiogram is a reliable method of diagnosing mitral stenosis, the E-F slope is an unreliable index of the severity of the lesion.