tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: M P Frenneaux, P J Counihan, A L Caforio, T Chikamori, W J McKenna
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To investigate the incidence of abnormal exercise blood pressure responses in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and the potential role of hemodynamic instability as a mechanism of sudden death, 129 consecutive patients with HCM underwent maximal symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing with blood pressure recording. Four patterns of blood pressure response were observed. Forty-three patients had significant exercise hypotension, with either a continuous fall in systolic blood pressure (n = 5) from the start of exercise or a sudden fall in systolic blood pressure (20-100 mm Hg; mean, 40 mm Hg) from the peak value (n = 38), 23 patients had a normal response during exercise but an abnormal blood pressure response in the recovery period, and the remaining 62 patients demonstrated a normal blood pressure response. Patients with exercise hypotension were younger (33 +/- 14 versus 46 +/- 14 years) and more of them had a family history of HCM and sudden death compared with those with a normal blood pressure response (15 of 43 versus 6 of 62 patients). Similarly, the 23 patients with abnormal recovery blood pressure responses were younger (43 +/- 16 versus 46 +/- 14 years) and had a higher incidence of a family history of sudden death (10 of 24 versus 6 of 62 patients). Left ventricular cavity dimensions were smaller in those with exercise hypotension, but 11 other clinical, echocardiographic, and arrhythmic variables were similar. To assess the mechanism of exercise hypotension, 14 patients who demonstrated exercise hypotension and 14 symptomatic patients with a normal exercise blood pressure response underwent invasive hemodynamic exercise testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ten year follow up of microprolactinoma treated by transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: J. A Thomson, D. L Davies, E. H McLaren, G. M Teasdale
Journal: BMJ (1994)

guidelines, whether they were certified providers of advanced cardiac life support or advanced life support, and postgraduate qualifications.Each doctor's management of ventricular fibrillation was compared with the protocol stipulated in the council's guidelines.The results were analysed by X2 analysis.We contacted 113 doctors, all of whom agreed to participate in the survey.Twenty were registrars, 50 senior house officers, and 43 house officers.Fifty six doctors led the cardiac arrest team.Thirty two doctors knew the full sequence of managing ventricular fibrillation, and 49 knew the initial management; 32 were unable to state correctly the initial management.Minor mistakes such as omitting the precordial thump were ignored.The major mistakes are shown in the table.Major mistakes in initial management of ventricularfibrillation among 113 doctors in cardiac arrest teams No of Mistake doctors Choosing lignocaine, atropine, or bretylium instead of adrenaline as first line drug 12 Performing chest compressions and manual ventilation before defibrillation 7 Using low energy shocks (for example, 120 J) for defibrillation 5 1 Tunstall-Pedoe H, Bailey L, Chamberlain DA, Marsden AK, Ward ME, Zideman DA.
Donations to Global Fund fall short of targets set by major donors in March
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has received a total of $11.7bn (£7.3bn; €8.4bn) for the next three years pledged by donors who met in New York earlier this year. The United States made the largest single donation in the history of the Global Fund: $4bn. France is the second largest contributor, with $1.5bn, while the European Commission, in addition to commitments from individual European Union member states, will provide $452.3m. The United Kingdom has pledged $607m.

The funding will enable programmes that have already been approved to be continued …
Controlled trial of demigran in the prophylaxis of migraine.
Authors: P. Hudgson, J. B. Foster, D. J. Newell
Journal: BMJ (1967)

and Conclusions A trial to assess the best method of preparing suitable material for the routine infusion treatment of coagulation disorders is reported.The following conclusions have been reached:1. Cryoprecipitate is an extremely valuable therapeutic material for the treatment of haemophilia, particularly where high levels of factor VIII need to be reached and maintained; in young patients ; and for patients with incipient congestive cardiac failure.From many points of view it is the therapeutic material of choice.2. Fresh-frozen plasma in plastic bags is effective provided that the factor VIII level to be attained need not be higher than 20-25 %, and provided that the volume to be infused can be tolerated.It has the added advantage that it can be used for the treatment of Christmas disease and other factor deficiencies as well as for haemophilia.3. " Fresh Frozen Plasma " as supplied to some hospitals in glass bottles is often unsuitable for the treatment of haemophilia.It can be used for the treatment of patients with serum-factor deficiencies.A change-over on a national scale from glass bottles to the closed plastic-bag system offers a solution to the problem of providing adequate therapeutic material for the treatment of haemophilia.Apart from providing material rich in factor VIII, the method also yields other useful blood components.We acknowledge with thanks the preliminary work of Dr.
Smoking is Not Beneficial for Tuberculosis
Authors: Keertan Dheda, Margaret A. Johnson, Alimuddin Zumla, Graham A. Rook
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Although the recent editorial (1) accompanying the report by Blanchet and coworkers (2) states that smoking may be protective or inhibit the development of granulomatous lung disease by virtue of its anti–tumor necrosis factor(TNF) effect, it did not mention the detrimental effects of smoking on the most common granulomatous lung disease: tuberculosis. Studies from the United Kingdom, China, and, most recently, two large studies from India and Hong Kong (3, 4) have highlighted the significantly increased risk of developing active tuberculosis in smokers. Moreover, the prevalence of tuberculosis correlated with the degree and duration of tobacco use (3). The underlying mechanisms for the increased prevalence of tuberculosis in smokers have recently been elucidated. Clues about the immunosuppressive effects of tobacco smoke first came from a report showing that the parasympathetic nervous system, signaling via the vagus nerve, mediates a major, previously unnoticed, antiinflammatory pathway (5). Acetylcholinergic efferents in the vagus nerve signal to peripheral tissues via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on macrophages, and this signal turns off production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF(5). Subsequently, the same group showed that acetylcholine released from the vagal efferent nerve terminals abrogates macrophagederived TNFproduction by binding to a specific type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( 7), which is expressed at high levels on macrophages (6). TNFis quintessential for protective host immunity in tuberculosis, and treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with monoclonal TNFinhibitors may reactivate latent tuberculosis (7). Thus, clues from the effects of smoking on inflammatory lung disorders converge on the hypothesis that smoking might oppose release or function of TNFin the lungs. Compared with other granulomatous lung diseases like sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, where TNFis important in the pathogenesis, pulmonary tuberculosis causes far greater mortality (two million deaths annually) and morbidity, with consequent chronic respiratory disability due to lung remodeling (fibrosis, posttuberculous bronchiectasis, and residual cavitation). It would be more appropriate to state that the relationship of smoking to granulomatous lung disease is a doubleedged sword; the anti–TNFproperties of nicotine may be beneficial in some cases, but are clearly deleterious in others.
Lung volume reduction surgery. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, May 1996.
Authors: A M Fein, S S Branman, R Casaburi, C G Irvin, B J Make, J R Rodarte, J Solway
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

"Lung volume reduction surgery. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, May 1996.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 154(4), pp. 1151–1152
Elective GR II stenting in small vessels: multicenter results
Authors: J.P. Zidar, C.D. O'Shaughnessy, L.S. Dean, D.R. Holmes, P.B. Moore, E.W. Rogers, E.T.A. Fry, A.E. Raizner, W.D. Voorhees, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia 3 Due to Homozygote c.132dupA Mutation Within the<i>ANO10</i>Gene—Reply
Authors: Michel Koenig, Christine Tranchant, Mathieu Anheim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Corticosteroid Crystals in Synovial Fluid
Authors: Charles B. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout often rests upon the microscopic demonstration of the specific crystal. However, other structures may be found in the synovial fluid which may be confused with sodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate; these include calcium oxalate crystals, collagen fibrils or cartilage fragments, cholesterol crystals, metallic fragments after prosthetic arthroplasty, and microcrystalline corticosteroid esters. Artifacts such as scratches in slides or cover slips, and dirt particles may require differentiation. Proper interpretation of crystals found in synovial fluid depends, among other things, upon awareness of preceding intraarticular injections crystalline material such as corticosteroid esters. The morphologic and birefringent properties of corticosteriod crystals vary with the specific preparation: Steroid crystals occasionally produce transient clinical synovitis.
Value of Multiphasic Health Checkups
Authors: Morris F. Collen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The term "multiphasic health checkup" has been applied to a periodic health examination in which the physician uses an automated multiphasic screening program to obtain a comprehensive battery of laboratory tests for his patients. Automated multiphasic screening is a systems concept that uses mechanized and semiautomated equipment to determine automatically whether there is sufficient likelihood that disease is present to warrant further diagnostic testing.Multiphasic screening programs have received criticism for a number of reasons: the usual practice in the past of referring to physicians only test-positive patients, with resultant excess risk to false-negative patients; the poor quality of the . . .
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Loading Test in the Diagnosis of Complicated Pregnancies
Authors: Dan Tulchinsky, Rapin Osathanondh, Ann Finn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To assess placental and fetoplacental function, 50 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was administered intravenously to 11 normal obstetric patients at 35 to 40 weeks and to 36 high-risk patients at 35 to 43 weeks of pregnancy. Plasma estradiol converted from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by the placenta increased in all patients after infusion, with maximal concentrations of 28 to 65 ng per milliliter 30 to 60 minutes after infusion (P less than 0.01). Plasma estetrol, produced by the fetus from estradiol, increased in all patients with maximal concentrations of 0.8 to 3.2 ng per milliliter four hours after infusion (P less than 0.01). In complicated pregnancies a subnormal rise of estradiol and estetrol was highly suggestive of fetal distress whereas a normal rise was associated with no fetal distress. The simultaneous determination of estradiol and estetrol after dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate infusion may reflect placental and fetoplacental function, and may be used as an adjunct to other methods of assessing fetal well-being.
The Presidents and the Minister
Authors: W. B. Smellie, P. C. Alexander, M. Turnbull, W. C. D. Maile, K. J. L. Scott, N. K. Stott, W. D. Henderson, S. Hayes, J. M. S. Evers, F. J. Beilby, J. B. Cargin, J. W. C. Symonds, L. G. Higgins, I. Mitchell, T. Miles
Journal: BMJ (1947)
More data from Australia on sensitivity to HPV vaccine
Authors: P. B McIntyre, J. M L Brotherton, M. A Burgess, A. S Kemp
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We concur with Kang and colleagues’ report on the school based quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programme in Victoria and South Australia that documented that IgE mediated hypersensitivity to the vaccine is rare.1 However, their case of a positive skin test result with generalised urticaria after the first dose and anaphylaxis after the second …
Tuberculin Skin Tests in Hospital Employees
Authors: Thomas C. Bailey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 March 1996Tuberculin Skin Tests in Hospital EmployeesThomas C. Bailey, MD, Victoria J. Fraser, MD, and William Claiborne Dunagan, MDThomas C. Bailey, MDWashington University Medical Center; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this author, Victoria J. Fraser, MDWashington University Medical Center; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this author, and William Claiborne Dunagan, MDWashington University Medical Center; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Reichman for bringing his large study [1] to our attention. As in our study, Drs. Reichman and O'Day found independent statistical associations of race, indicators of socioeconomic status, and age with a positive tuberculin skin test result. Their study did not evaluate factors associated with incident tuberculous infection (skin test conversions). Although they do not describe the details of their multivariate analysis, they state that the association of a positive tuberculin skin test result with race was stronger than the association with current socioeconomic status. Interpretation of their results was complicated, however, by the likelihood ...References1. Reichman LB, O'Day R. Tuberculous infection in a large urban population. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978; 117:705-12. Google Scholar2. Bailey TC, Fraser VJ, Spitznagel EL, Dunagan WC. Risk factors for a positive tuberculin skin test among employees of an urban, midwestern teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:580-5. Google Scholar3. Huth EJ. Identifying ethnicity in medical papers [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:619-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas C. Bailey, MD; Victoria J. Fraser, MD; William Claiborne Dunagan, MDAffiliations: Washington University Medical Center; St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 6Page: 612KeywordsEpidemiologyMedical conditionsMultivariate analysisRacial and ethnic issuesSkin infectionsSkin testsSocioeconomic statusTuberculin ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of intestinal adaptation on insulin binding to villus cell membranes.
Authors: G P Young, C L Morton, I S Rose, T M Taranto, P S Bhathal
Journal: Gut (1987)

Insulin affects the expression of brush border enzymes by villus cells in vitro and in vivo. Physiological (lactation) and surgical (jejunoileal bypass) models of hyper- and hypoplasia were established so that insulin receptor characteristics could be related to villus histology, expression of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, and plasma insulin concentrations. In lactating rats, villus height increased up to 55% (p less than 0.005), and fasting plasma insulin increased 71% (p = 0.005), compared with controls. Insulin binding to villus cell membranes, and sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were, however, unchanged. In ileum of bypass operated rats, villus height increased 134% (p less than 0.005) while insulin binding fell 68% (p = 0.025). Scatchard analysis revealed that this was largely because of reduction in binding by high affinity receptors. Sucrase and alkaline phosphatase specific activities fell 57% (p = 0.03) and 49% (p = 0.02) respectively, suggesting that ileal villus cells were hypomature. The slightly hypoplastic tissue of selfemptying loops showed normal insulin binding compared to jejunum of sham operated controls. Bypass and sham operated rats had similar fasting plasma insulin concentrations. Reduced insulin binding in markedly hyperplastic gut of bypass operated rats might reflect hypomaturity of villus cells. The reduction in insulin binding, however, might significantly modulate the effect of insulin on small intestinal mucosa and account for the fall in enzyme activity which occurs despite villus hyperplasia.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Terrence L. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Serum radioimmunoassay indicated the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in seven of 61 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The only patient with a persistently positive assay result had proven colonic adenocarcinoma complicating chronic ulcerative pancolitis. Six patients without evidence of colonic cancer had transient antigenemia, which occurred in four during acute onset or flare-up of disease and disappeared with remission in three of the latter. Thus, a transiently positive CEA level in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease does not necessarily indicate the presence of colonic cancer.
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) selectively inhibits immunoglobulin E production induced by IL-4 in human B cells.
Authors: H Kimata, A Yoshida, C Ishioka, I Lindley, H Mikawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The effect of interleukin 8 (IL-8) on IL-4-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) production was studied. IL-4 induced IgE and IgG4 production by tonsillar mononuclear cells (MNC) without affecting IgM, IgG1, IgA, IgG2, or IgG3 production. IL-8 inhibited IL-4-induced IgE and IgG4 production, whereas it had no effect on IgM, IgG1, IgA, IgG2, and IgG3 production. The inhibitory effect by IL-8 was specific, since it was blocked by anti-IL-8 mAb, but not by control IgG1. Although interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) also inhibited IgE and IgG4 production by MNC stimulated with IL-4, the inhibitory effect of IL-8 was not mediated by IFN-gamma, since the IL-8-induced inhibition could not be blocked by anti-IFN-gamma. Furthermore, anti-IL-8 mAb had no effect on IFN-gamma-induced inhibition. Moreover, addition of IL-5 or IL-6 did not reverse IL-8-induced inhibition of IgE production. In contrast to these observations with MNC, IL-4 failed to induce IgE and IgG4 production by purified B cells. However, combined treatment of purified B cells cells with IL-4 and anti-CD40 antibody resulted in IgE but not IgG4 production. IL-8 inhibited this IgE production without affecting IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or IgA production, whereas IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) failed to do so. These results indicate that IL-8 antagonizes IL-4-induced IgE production by directly affecting B cells through a specific mechanism that is different from IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, or PGE2.
Incentives for Drug Development — The Curious Case of Colchicine
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In July 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officially announced what physicians have long known — that the drug colchicine can effectively treat acute flares of gouty arthritis. The plant from which colchicine is derived was first used as a therapeutic agent for gout more than 3000 years ago in ancient Greece, and the tablet form has been widely available as a generic prescription drug in the United States since the 19th century. On the basis of evidence that had built up over the years, numerous consensus guidelines recommended colchicine as an effective second-line treatment for gout — for . . .
Experimental study of the mechanism and indices of harmful effects of certain chemical substances on the central nervous system
Authors: A. I. Bokina, R. V. Merkur'yeva, N. D. Eksler, A. A. Oleynik, I. I. Pinigina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The task of the second stage of Soviet-American cooperation on the problem of environmental health science was to explain the question of the comparative sensitivity of methods used in both countries, as well as the indices of harmful effects for the same toxic substance (carbon disulfide), with the purpose of determining the most informative methods of assessing the influence of atmospheric pollutants on organisms. The application of neurophysiological research methods (recording total electrical activity of the cortex and cortical structures of the brain, studying amplitude-time characteristics of averaged evoked potentials of the optical cortex, investigating sensory and convulsive thresholds) has made it possible to explain the neurophysiological basis of the effect of carbon disulfide on the central nervous system-the perturbation of cortical inhibition processes and the increase of excitation in amygdalate structures, both of which play an important role in the fixation process of temporary connection. The compilation of data from neurophysiological and neurochemical investigations show that neurophysiological changes are associated primarily with a decrease in enzymic breakdown of free neuraminic acid. The study of the average evoked potentials in humans during exposure to carbon disulfide concentrations of 0.09 mg/m(3) revealed a tendency to decrease the short latent amplitude components and increase the long latent amplitude components of the averaged evoked potentials. The study of operant behavior in rats revealed a characteristic change in the instrumental alimentary reactions under long-term (3 months) exposure of carbon disulfide to a concentration of 16 mg/m(3). IN THIS MANNER, THE FOLLOWING WERE DEVELOPED IN EXPERIMENTS WITH ANIMALS AND RESEARCH ON HUMANS: indices of the harmful effects of neurotropic toxic substances, a change in operant behavior, a decrease in the amplitude of total electrical activity, a change in time-amplitude parameters of evoked potentials, and a decrease in post-discharge convulsion thresholds in the cortical-medial nucleus of the amygdala. Neurophysiological and neurochemical research methods have proven to be the most sensitive and informative of the methods used. These criteria and methods are recommended for determining threshold levels of various neurotropic toxic substances which pollute the atmosphere.