tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Beeker's navevus amd acanthosis nigricans
Authors: R-F.H.J. Hulsmans, F-J.H. Hulsmans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Concomitant Beeker's navevus amd acanthosis nigricans R‐F.H.J. Hulsmans, R‐F.H.J. Hulsmans Department of Dermatology, Acdemic Hospital Mastricht, P.O. Box 1918, 6201 BX Maastricht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F‐J.H. Hulsmans F‐J.H. Hulsmans Department of Radiology, De Wever Hospital Henri Dunanststraat 5 6401 CX Heerlen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 5, 1 May 1989, Pages 716–717, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01364.x Published: 01 May 1989
Cost Efficacy of Routine Screening for Diabetes in Pregnancy: 1-h Versus 2-h Specimen
Authors: Carl P Weiner, Mary M Fraser, Julie M Burns, Debra Schnoor, James Herrig, Linda A Whitaker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Undetected gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a two- to fivefold increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. Widespread screening of the obstetric population (resulting in identification and treatment) should reduce these rates. Seven hundred ninety-eight women were examined during a 13-mo period of universal glucose challenge testing (GCT). A total of 2.8% of the population had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Thirty percent of those with an abnormal OGTT were less than 25 yr old. The specificity of a 1-h GCT (50-g carbohydrate load) using a threshold of either 140 or 150 mg/dl was compared with that of a 2-h specimen using a threshold of 118 mg/dl to determine whether the cost of screening could be reduced. One- and 2-h specimens were obtained in 347 of these women. A 34% reduction in the number of follow-up OGTTs required would have been achieved if a 2-h specimen had been used as the index instead of a 1-h specimen (P less than .05). As a result, the (direct and indirect) cost per patient identified with GDM would have declined 23.5%--from $866 to $662. No comment concerning the actual false-negative rate of either the 1- or 2-h GCT can be made because only select women underwent an OGTT. To assess the validity of the 2-h threshold, an OGTT was performed in an additional 190 women if either the 1- or 2-h screen was abnormal. The results were confirmatory: the 2-h screen would have reduced the cost per case identified by 32% in this small group. Screening on the basis of past medical history clearly lacked sensitivity and cost efficacy in comparison with the GCT and should be abandoned as a practice.
Base-Line Quality-of-Life Assessment in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial
Authors: P. A. Ganz, R. Day, J. E. Ware, C. Redmond, B. Fisher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) is a large, multicenter chemoprevention trial testing the efficacy of the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease in healthy women at high risk of breast cancer. The BCPT evolved from a series of prior studies in early stage breast cancer demonstrating the efficacy of tamoxifen in the prevention of systemic breast cancer recurrence and in the reduction of contralateral breast cancers. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the methodologic considerations in the collection of health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) data in the BCPT and to present base-line HRQL data on the first 9749 participants. Methods: An HRQL questionnaire that included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, a symptom checklist, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form (MOS-SF-36), and the MOS sexual problems questions was completed by participants in the BCPT at base line (prior to random assignment). Medical and demographic information, as well as projected risk of breast cancer, were collected as part of study eligibility. Descriptive and correlational data were examined for these study participants. Results: BCPT participants report high levels of functioning compared with U.S. general population norms but still report an average of 8.9 distinct symptoms during the past 4 weeks. Depression is less prevalent among the participants than in community samples, which reflects the exclusion of clinically depressed individuals. Sixty-five percent reported being sexually active in the past 6 months, with an age-related decline in sexual activity. Younger women reported fewer sexual problems than older women. There is a strong correlation between the two mental health measures, moderate to weak correlations between HRQL scales and levels of self-reported symptoms, and only weak correlations between measures of breast cancer risk and HRQL scales. The MOS-SF-36 scores were examined for three consecutive recruitment samples (0-6 months, 7-12 months, and 13-20 months), and the base-line scores were slightly better for the earliest group of participants. Conclusions: This article demonstrates the feasibility of collecting HRQL data in a large, multicenter, chemoprevention trial for women at high risk of breast cancer. The successful integration of HRQL data collection into this clinical trial attests to its value as a safety-monitoring end point and as an explicit and measurable outcome for the entire trial. Implications: HRQL data are important for studies in which healthy populations are involved and in which the potential for decrements in quality of life are real or perceived. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1372-82]
COPD disease progression and airway inflammation: uncoupled by smoking cessation
Authors: P. W. Ind
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden, and its prevalence continues to increase. It is expected to rise from its current position as the fourth to the third most common cause of death, worldwide, by the year 2020 1. Cigarette smoking is recognised as the cause of COPD in the vast majority of patients, although it remains a central question in respiratory medicine why a minority (15–20%) of smokers develop clinical COPD.

Cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation is thought to play an important pathogenetic role in COPD 2. It is characterised by neutrophil influx into the airway lumen and by increased numbers of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells, in the airway wall. Recent studies have emphasised the importance of oligoclonal CD4+ cells 3, B-cells 4 and plasma cells.

Since the pioneering epidemiological studies of Fletcher and Peto 5, it has been generally accepted that smoking cessation slows the accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), which characterises COPD and usually serves as a surrogate for disease activity. The controlled evidence is obtained from prospective studies, such as the Lung Health Study 6, where FEV1 improved in the first year and the subsequent rate of decline was reduced by ∼50% in sustained “quitters”. Intermittent complete abstinence from smoking led to rates of FEV1 decline that were intermediate between sustained quitters and continuing smokers, and only a very substantial reduction in smoking to less than five cigarettes daily was associated with reduced FEV1 decline 7. In addition, exacerbations appear to be related to decline in FEV …
A Descriptive Social Neuroethics is Needed to Reveal Lived Identities
Authors: Craig L Fry
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment Craig L. Fry is supported by an NHMRC Australian Public Health Training Fellowship #519556, the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (Children's Bioethics Centre), and University of Melbourne (Centre for Applied Philosophy & Public Ethics).
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces fibrogenic activity in hepatic stellate cells through autophagy
Authors: Virginia Hernández-Gea, Moira Hilscher, Raphael Rozenfeld, Maribel P. Lim, Natalia Nieto, Sabine Werner, Lakshmi A. Devi, Scott L. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Antegrade Is More Effective Than Retrograde Enteroscopy for Evaluation and Management of Suspected Small-Bowel Disease
Authors: Madhusudhan R. Sanaka, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Bhanu Kosuru, Himabindu Yerneni, Rocio Lopez, John J. Vargo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Effects of interleukin-1 on syntheses of alkaline phosphatase, type X collagen, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor, and matrix calcification in rabbit chondrocyte cultures.
Authors: Y Kato, K Nakashima, M Iwamoto, H Murakami, H Hiranuma, T Koike, F Suzuki, H Fuchihata, Y Ikehara, M Noshiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The effect of IL-1 on expression of the mineralization-related phenotype by chondrocytes was examined. In cultures of rabbit growth plate chondrocytes, IL-1 beta at 0.1 ng/ml caused 95% decreases in alkaline phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels, the incorporation of 45Ca into insoluble material, and the calcium content during the hypertrophic stage. These effects of IL-1 beta were dose-dependent and were observed in 24-48 h. Furthermore, IL-1 beta suppressed increase in cell size and the syntheses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor and type X collagen, other markers of hypertrophy, but had little effect on the synthesis of total protein including type II collagen. The inhibition of calcification was observed only when chondrocytes were exposed to IL-1 before the onset of calcification: IL-1 treatment from the mineralization stage had a marginal effect on 45Ca incorporation into insoluble material. These results suggest that IL-1 inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy and the onset of calcification in ossifying cartilage.
The Role of Coronary Angiography and Coronary Revascularization Before Noncardiac Vascular Surgery
Authors: Jean J. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether preoperative coronary angiography and revascularization improve short-term outcomes in patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery. <h3>Design.</h3> —Decision analysis. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Patients undergoing elective vascular surgery who had either no angina or mild angina and a positive dipyridamole-thallium scan result. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Three strategies were compared. The first strategy was to proceed directly to vascular surgery. The second was to perform coronary angiography, followed by selective coronary revascularization, before proceeding to vascular surgery and to cancel vascular surgery in patients with severe inoperable coronary artery disease (CAD). The third was to perform coronary angiography, followed by selective coronary revascularization, before proceeding to vascular surgery and to perform vascular surgery in patients with inoperable CAD. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, uncorrected vascular disease, and cost. All outcomes were assessed within 3 months. <h3>Results.</h3> —Proceeding directly to vascular surgery led to lower morbidity and cost in the base case analysis. The coronary angiography strategy led to higher mortality if vascular surgery would proceed in patients with inoperable CAD, but led to slightly lower mortality if vascular surgery were canceled in patients with inoperable CAD. The coronary angiography strategy also led to lower mortality when vascular surgery was particularly risky. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Decision analysis indicates vascular surgery without preoperative coronary angiography generally leads to better outcomes. Preoperative coronary angiography should be reserved for patients whose estimated mortality from vascular surgery is substantially higher than average. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1919-1925)
Poliomyelitis — New Problems with an Old Disease
Authors: Theodore L. Munsat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Although the late sequelae of poliomyelitis were described over 100 years ago, credit for the recognition and definition of the post-polio syndrome must properly go to the many patients whose persistence eventually convinced their doctors that they were indeed experiencing new difficulties. It is estimated that there are 250,000 to 300,000 survivors of the most recent major epidemic of poliomyelitis, in the 1950s, and that most, if not all, are at risk for the post-polio syndrome.Typically, the post-polio syndrome becomes symptomatic 25 to 35 years after the original attack of poliomyelitis. After a variable degree of neuromuscular recovery from . . .
Black Adolescent Crack Users in Oakland: No Quick Fix
Authors: Barbara G. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The article by Dr Fullilove et al 1 provides an excellent summary of those risk behaviors that increase the likelihood of teenaged crack cocaine users becoming infected with sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus disease. The risk behaviors elicited, including exchanging sexual favors for drugs or money, engaging in sexual relations while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and impulsive behavior, clearly do not lend themselves to a quick fix precisely because they are so fundamentally linked to drug dependency and the complex psychosocial problems of these adolescents.  While condoms are an adjunct to safe sex, they are of little value in the absence of responsible behavior, not only in the choice of sexual partners but in the use of the condoms themselves. Furthermore, many of these youngsters, such as the addicted girl exchanging sexual favors for money or drugs, lack the authority in
Arterial Hypoxemia Induced by Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Robert E. Albertini
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Serial arterial blood gas analyses were done in 18 patients before, during, and after diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Patients with marked hypoxemia or hypercapnia were excluded. An average decline in arterial oxygen pressure (Po<sub>2</sub>) of 20 mm Hg was observed following the procedure, and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient during 100% oxygen breathing widened an average of 56 mm Hg. The decline in arterial Po<sub>2</sub>lasted from one to more than four hours after the procedure. Only one patient developed hypercapnia. The mechanisms for the arterial Po<sub>2</sub>decline remain speculative. However, the extent and duration of arterial Po<sub>2</sub>decline observed in this "good risk" group suggest that special precautions should be observed to avoid hypoxemia in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, including monitoring of arterial blood gases and administration of oxygen during and following the procedure. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1666-1667, 1974)
Primary bile acid malabsorption caused by mutations in the ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2).
Authors: P Oelkers, L C Kirby, J E Heubi, P A Dawson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Primary bile acid malabsorption (PBAM) is an idiopathic intestinal disorder associated with congenital diarrhea, steatorrhea, interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. The molecular basis of PBAM is unknown, and several conflicting mechanisms have been postulated. In this study, we cloned the human ileal Na+/bile acid cotransporter gene (SLC10A2) and employed single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis to screen for PBAM-associated mutations. Four polymorphisms were identified and sequenced in a family with congenital PBAM. One allele encoded an A171S missense mutation and a mutated donor splice site for exon 3. The other allele encoded two missense mutations at conserved amino acid positions, L243P and T262M. In transfected COS cells, the L243P, T262M, and double mutant (L243P/T262M) did not affect transporter protein expression or trafficking to the plasma membrane; however, transport of taurocholate and other bile acids was abolished. In contrast, the A171S mutation had no effect on taurocholate uptake. The dysfunctional mutations were not detected in 104 unaffected control subjects, whereas the A171S was present in 28% of that population. These findings establish that SLC10A2 mutations can cause PBAM and underscore the ileal Na+/bile acid cotransporter's role in intestinal reclamation of bile acids.
Flat Colorectal Cancers Are Genetically Determined and Progress to Invasion without Going through a Polypoid Stage
Authors: Joshua M. Uronis, Hans H. Herfarth, Tara C. Rubinas, Anika C. Bissahoyo, Kathleen Hanlon, David W. Threadgill
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that flat colorectal cancers (CRC) account for 10% to 20% of all CRCs and that these are frequently associated with more advanced pathologies. However, controversy exists as to the origin and progression of flat CRCs compared with the more common polypoid-type morphology. We report using the azoxymethane mouse model for human CRC that KK/HIJ and I/LNJ mice develop different frequencies of flat and polypoid tumors; 83% of colon tumors in I/LNJ mice are flat compared with only 19% in KK/HIJ mice, indicating a strong genetic predisposition to the development of specific CRC morphologies. Like polypoid tumors, all flat tumors show a significant increase in the level of nuclear β-catenin (CATNNB1), supported by similar frequencies of mutations in the phosphorylation domain–coding region (codons 32–41) of Catnnb1. However, in contrast to previous reports, tumors bearing higher “oncogenic potential” do not cluster in codon 41 of Catnnb1. There are no differences between flat and polypoid tumors in the frequency of mutations in codons 12 and 13 of Kras or codon 624 of Braf. Similarly, there are no differences between tumor morphologies in their location along the proximal-to-distal colonic axis or in the relative quantity of intratumor stromal myofibrobasts as marked by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Using a combination of serial colonoscopic and histologic analyses, we definitively show that flat CRCs do not develop de novo but progress through a flat adenomatous stage to invasive carcinoma without transit through an intermediary polypoid stage. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11594–600]
Empowering Adult Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration
Authors: Sadia Mohsin, Sailay Siddiqi, Brett Collins, Mark A. Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Treatment strategies for heart failure remain a high priority for ongoing research due to the profound unmet need in clinical disease coupled with lack of significant translational progress. The underlying issue is the same whether the cause is acute damage, chronic stress from disease, or aging: progressive loss of functional cardiomyocytes and diminished hemodynamic output. To stave off cardiomyocyte losses, a number of strategic approaches have been embraced in recent years involving both molecular and cellular approaches to augment myocardial structure and performance. Resultant excitement surrounding regenerative medicine in the heart has been tempered by realizations that reparative processes in the heart are insufficient to restore damaged myocardium to normal functional capacity and that cellular cardiomyoplasty is hampered by poor survival, proliferation, engraftment, and differentiation of the donated population. To overcome these limitations, a combination of molecular and cellular approaches must be adopted involving use of genetic engineering to enhance resistance to cell death and increase regenerative capacity. This review highlights biological properties of approached to potentiate stem cell-mediated regeneration to promote enhanced myocardial regeneration, persistence of donated cells, and long-lasting tissue repair. Optimizing cell delivery and harnessing the power of survival signaling cascades for ex vivo genetic modification of stem cells before reintroduction into the patient will be critical to enhance the efficacy of cellular cardiomyoplasty. Once this goal is achieved, then cell-based therapy has great promise for treatment of heart failure to combat the loss of cardiac structure and function associated with acute damage, chronic disease, or aging.
Nalidixic Acid-Reply
Authors: Thomas A. Stamey
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  The major purpose of our article was to correct the erroneous impression that full-dosage therapy (4 g/day) with nalidixic acid was associated with an inordinate amount of resistance. This we have done. But if there is any validity between our in vitro antimicrobial resistance studies and in vivo clinical experience, my guess is that there certainly will be a difference in the selection rate of resistant mutants between treatment regimens of 1.5 g and 4.0 g/day; if the resistance rate is only 14% (Dr Bailey notes a cure rate in excess of 80%) at the 1.5 g dosage rate, this would be twice the rate we observed at 4.0 g/day.  We were aware of the work of Crumplin and Smith, but few patients taking full dosages of nalidixic acid will obtain urinary levels of this magnitude. Moreover, the same phenomenon of decreased bacterial sensitivity at higher urinary concentrations
Schistosomiasis in American Tourists
Authors: Harry Most
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Schistosomiasis is not entirely unknown to those in practice in this country. However, the principal association in the mind of the physician is almost entirely limited to its occurrence in Puerto Ricans, although following World War II there was a flurry of activity relative to schistosomiasis japonica acquired in the Philippines. The present report deals with three cases of schistosomiasis mansoni acquired in the course of a Caribbean vacation and one of<i>Schistosomiasis haematobium</i>acquired by a student during a trip around the world. (Schistosomiasis acquired by American tourists is being recorded for the first time.) The clinical aspects in each case were compatible with a diagnosis of schistosomiasis. However, no consideration was given to this as a possibility and as a result there was considerable delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Emphasis is placed on the importance of global pathology in the evaluation of disease of travelers. The clinical aspects and treatment are presented.
Landmarks in Simple Pleural Effusions
Authors: Julius Kaunitz
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal