tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4812: p53 acts during total-body irradiation to promote lymphomagenesis
Authors: Chang-Lung Lee, Jordan M. Blum, Everett J. Moding, Julie M. Sullivan, Laura B. Jeffords, Rafaela C. Rodrigues, Yan Ma, Yongbaek Kim, David G. Kirsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Radiation therapy can cause acute toxicity and long-term side effects including radiation-induced cancer. Because some of the short-term side effects of radiation are due to p53-mediated apoptosis, blocking p53 during radiation can protect some normal tissues from acute radiation injury and might improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy. However, temporarily blocking p53 could also increase late effects of radiation because mice in which p53 is permanently deleted are sensitized to radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Experiments using a mouse model where p53 can be temporarily turned on during irradiation suggest that radiation-induced apoptosis does not contribute to p53-mediated tumor suppression. Here, we perform reciprocal experiments and temporarily turn p53 off during total-body irradiation (TBI) using transgenic mice with reversible RNA interference (shp53). Our results show that temporary p53 knockdown during TBI suppressed death from bone marrow failure by protecting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) against radiation. Remarkably, we found that temporary knockdown of p53 during TBI not only ameliorated acute hematological toxicity, but also prevented lymphoma development. In contrast, p53 knockdown during and permanently after TBI sensitized mice to radiation-induced carcinogenesis, which recapitulates the tumor spectrum of p53+/− mice exposed to irradiation. Mechanistic studies show that, by blocking apoptosis in hematopoietic cells, p53 knockdown during TBI suppressed accelerated repopulation of HSPCs, a critical step that facilitates expansion of pre-malignant clones with mutations after irradiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, although p53 is indispensible to suppress tumor formation after radiation, p53 functions during TBI to promote lymphoma formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4812. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4812
Increased Renal Parenchymal Accumulation of Tc-99m HDP In Kidney Contusion
Authors: Z SALIMI, WENZEL VAS, P TANG-BARTON, P SURESH, B CARLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Unilateral focal areas of intense, increased renal uptake of Tc-99m oxidronate sodium (technetium-99m HDP) were incidentally detected in the bone scan of a female patient who subsequently gave a history of recent trauma to her flank. Increased renal parenchymal uptake of Tc-99m HDP in this patient was thought to be due to kidney contusion. The case is interesting in itself and for its possible implications regarding the use of radio-labeled phosphate compounds for detection of renal contusion.
A Lecture on the Organisation of Field-Hospitals
Authors: H. Veale
Journal: BMJ (1884)

OU on .' '6s T$Ji e,ub5ect,> Whicjh iIhave,nprtat t~o a.ddre,ss pu onthe present s aQan,bs organisa&ii mdpagemes4of fie ho6spitale nd 'feel assured that, in an institution which; ovyesJ 'its, naite to one who A*Pg h'isprofessietaa etree'-as' an army medical officer, andwho su'b-',etL bh"the tgateat b athority ofthts6t atayotheY couontry 9g9 s t; f the jpre lerv, etio u :f ,the heaptse rf t hen s, t .c-spa~c§W 'l,,6ewqssaty for, met.sa.y anythingeto .ustifyits.In( the ist tru tidonA which Dr. Parkes gave on this subject in his Trtctnturtl 'of Practil ffgyiewdisd 'elsewhere, thejudicious c6unhel was -J nJ-oilned it-'4ist ae ~e innjlvidualsoldier during peace iidrill'ed and 1;.in d;foriyar;"so shonld tllQhe various departments of an, army, and.esjci*ily the medcical depautment, so utilise the time of peace as to b e * .il', zoi the outbreak of ho6tilitise, to take the field at the shortest',!6tih,'and: be ready-to puf :in action all those measures which are : ded0 tlo nalntain the froops in health, and tominimise the effectsof .dsqa*eoris,jisrywhen thse occu r.Parkes was well aware of the s.eedefor tht injunction; for, at -the end of thelong peace of the last guuwrati,n, he hod se-en our.transports embark army, which in courage,-drill, and discipline, has never been surpassed;, and, in a fe,w shot 'months.thereafter, he; had lso, seen that army rqduced to iosi ificance and impotence, not by the.shot orsword of the Russians 'oureuemies-'hut by the starvation,Athe misery, and the disease, whiciLacere due totheinefliciency of ourmilitary system.,It was then that, 'Dr.Pa?srkees biganthe second;prid ofIhis counection with the militarytevic, andW from that time' to the close of his life he devoted his .greaabilities to the improvement.of.the soldier's lot.All those wh6tare`onversant with.our') rbeentmilitaryhistory neust know well .howjmch the soldiers of the present day owe to him for their healtier, dwallings,' their.morekomfortable-clothing, the diminution of the weight of their packs, and the improved inethod-of carring them, theirbetter ,fd_ aud their more genero.ustreatment in sickness.By his) labours imcthese -various directions, Dr. Parkes earned for himself a. 4me e that.willidescend .tposterity as that of one of.thegreatest beigiefators of is rac, and the existence of this institution is one aming iny 'lsti;eg `tributes;to hismenmory.During the.nost acti*e part of Dr. Parkes's life, our mailitary hos-
Inferring Past Pesticide Exposures: A Matrix of Individual Active Ingredients in Home and Garden Pesticides Used in Past Decades
Authors: Joanne S. Colt, Mancer J. Cyr, Shelia H. Zahm, Geoffrey S. Tobias, Patricia Hartge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In retrospective studies of the health effects of home and garden pesticides, self-reported information typically forms the basis for exposure assessment. Study participants generally find it easier to remember the types of pests treated than the specific pesticides used. However, if the goal of the study is to assess disease risk from specific chemicals, the investigator must be able to link the pest type treated with specific chemicals or products.Our goal was to develop a "pesticide-exposure matrix" that would list active ingredients on the market for treating different types of pests in past years, and provide an estimate of the probability that each active ingredient was used.We used several different methods for deriving the active ingredient lists and estimating the probabilities. These methods are described in this article, along with a sample calculation and data sources for each.The pesticide-exposure matrix lists active ingredients and their probabilities of use for 96 distinct scenarios defined by year (1976, 1980, 1990, 2000), applicator type (consumer, professional), and pest type (12 categories). Calculations and data sources for all 96 scenarios are provided online.Although we are confident that the active ingredient lists are reasonably accurate for most scenarios, we acknowledge possible sources of error in the probability estimates. Despite these limitations, the pesticide-exposure matrix should provide valuable information to researchers interested in the chronic health effects of residential pesticide exposure.
A Better Pain Plan
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Matthew J. Bair, MD, MS; Dennis Ang, MD; Jingwei Wu, MS; Samantha D. Outcalt, PhD; Christy Sargent, BS; Carol Kempf, RN; Amanda Froman, BS; Arlene A. Schmid, PhD, OTR; Teresa M. Damush, PhD; Zhangsheng Yu, PhD; Louanne W. Davis, PsyD; Kurt Kroenke, MD
Persistent Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenic Patients: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Vicente Balanzá-Martínez, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Gabriel Selva-Vera, Anabel Martínez-Arán, Carla Torrent, José Salazar-Fraile, Carmen Leal-Cercós, Eduard Vieta, Manuel Gómez-Beneyto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Neurocognitive impairment has consistently been considered a central and stable feature in schizophrenia. As this possibility has been far less studied in bipolar disorder, we aimed to prospectively investigate the stability and specificity of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder compared to schizophrenia. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fifteen DSM-IV bipolar type I patients and 15 schizophrenic patients were assessed twice with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale over a 3-year follow-up. The cognitive performance of the groups was compared at baseline and 3 years later as a mean with that of 26 healthy volunteers. Endpoint and baseline assessments were also compared for each patient group in order to evaluate the stability of cognitive impairment. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; At both time points, bipolar and schizophrenic patients showed significant deficits on most of the cognitive tasks compared to healthy subjects. Overall, the cross-sectional cognitive profile was similar for both patient groups. Moreover, after controlling for age and length of illness, the two groups’ cognitive function did not differ over time in any test. With the exception of the Stroop color-word interference task, performance at baseline for each test but neither length of illness nor diagnostic category predicted the endpoint performance. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; This preliminary study suggests that cognitive impairment is also mainly stable over time in bipolar I disorder and thus not specific to schizophrenia.
Autophagy in cellular metabolism and cancer
Authors: Xuejun Jiang, Michael Overholtzer, Craig B. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Autophagy is a catabolic process mediated by incorporation of cellular material into cytosolic membrane vesicles for lysosomal degradation. It is crucial for maintaining cell viability and homeostasis in response to numerous stressful conditions. In this Review, the role of autophagy in both normal biology and disease is discussed. Emphasis is given to the interplay of autophagy with nutrient signaling through the ULK1 autophagy pre-initiation complex. Furthermore, related cellular processes utilizing components of the canonical autophagy pathway are discussed due to their potential roles in nutrient scavenging. Finally, the role of autophagy in cancer and its potential as a cancer therapeutic target are considered.
Galectin-9 Attenuates Acute Lung Injury by Expanding CD14<sup>–</sup>Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–like Macrophages
Authors: Keisuke Kojima, Tomohiro Arikawa, Naoki Saita, Eisuke Goto, Shinsuke Tsumura, Reina Tanaka, Aiko Masunaga, Toshiro Niki, Souichi Oomizu, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Hirotsugu Kohrogi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Galectin (Gal)-9 plays a crucial role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity.To investigate whether Gal-9 plays a role in a murine acute lung injury (ALI) model.C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with Gal-9 by subcutaneous injection 24 and 48 hours before intranasal LPS inoculation.Gal-9 suppressed pathological changes of ALI induced by LPS. Gal-9 reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and keratinocyte-derived cytokine; decreased neutrophils; and increased IL-10 and CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ALI mice. In Gal-9-deficient mice, pathological changes of ALI were exaggerated, and the number of neutrophils and the TNF-α level were increased. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells were increased in the spleen of both Gal-9-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated ALI mice, but only Gal-9 increased the ability of CCR2-expressing macrophages to migrate toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Transfer of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) macrophages obtained from Gal-9-treated mice ameliorated ALI. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) macrophages obtained from Gal-9-treated but not PBS-treated mice suppressed TNF-α and keratinocyte-derived cytokine production from LPS-stimulated macrophages, and down-regulated Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and TLR2 expression on thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis revealed that CD14 is negligible on CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) macrophages obtained from Gal-9-treated mice, although those from both groups resembled plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Gal-9 down-regulated CD14 on pDC-like macrophages from PBS-treated mice independently of Gal-9/Tim-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule-3) interaction, resulting in the acquisition of suppressive function, suggesting that the loss of CD14 by Gal-9 is critical for the suppression of pDC-like macrophages.Gal-9 attenuates ALI by expanding CD14(-)CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) pDC-like macrophages by preferentially suppressing macrophage functions to release proinflammatory cytokines through TLR4 and TLR2 down-regulation.
Prescribing of Tetracycline to Children
Authors: James Wight
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the May 9 issue there were two articles concerning the misuse of tetracyclines in children (237:2069 and 2101, 1977). These excellent and pertinent articles were certainly relevant and should remind us to continue to monitor our antibiotic use. However, there is one justified use of tetracyclines that was not mentioned in either article and that we commonly see in this area from April 1 to Aug 1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (<i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i>) responds only to tetracyclines or chloramphenicol, and therefore in suspected cases one of these must be used in appropriate doses. It should be noted that these drugs are only bacteriostatic and not bactericidal and must be given long enough to prevent recurrence.
Role of antigen selectivity in autoimmune responses to the Ku (p70/p80) antigen.
Authors: W H Reeves, Z M Sthoeger, R G Lahita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Levels of anti-Ku (p70/p80) antibodies were measured longitudinally in sera from four individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus or related disorders. Antibodies to the native Ku antigen (p70/p80 complex) varied over a range of up to 577-fold. Large fluctuations were also observed in the levels of autoantibodies to several distinct epitopes of the Ku (p70/p80) antigen. Levels of these individual autoantibody populations generally paralleled one another, suggesting that they are coordinately regulated. A similar pattern of anti-DNA antibody fluctuation was seen in some sera. To examine the possibility that these autoantibodies were generated by polyclonal B cell activation, the levels of anti-Ku (p70/p80) and anti-DNA antibodies were compared to the levels of antibodies to Escherichia coli proteins, tetanus toxoid, and bovine insulin, transferrin, cytochrome c, serum albumin, and thyroglobulin. In sera from the same individual, anti-Ku (p70/p80) antibodies were sometimes produced in the complete absence of polyclonal activation, and at other times were accompanied by increased polyclonal activation. Anti-DNA antibody levels more closely paralleled the level of polyclonal activation than did the anti-Ku (p70/p80) levels. These studies suggest that anti-Ku (p70/p80) antibodies are generated by an antigen-selective mechanism, but that polyclonal activation frequently, although not invariably, accompanies autoantibody production. This observation is consistent with the possibility that polyclonal activation might be secondary to autoantibody production.
THE CULTIVATION OF TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI.A PRELIMINARY NOTE.
Authors: FREDERICK G. NOVY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

At the New Orleans meeting of the American Medical Association we presented before the Section on Pathology and Physiology the results of our work on the cultivation of the ordinary rat trypanosome,<i>Trypanosoma lewisi</i>. The paper itself has appeared since then in the Vaughan<i>Festschrift</i>.<sup>1</sup>The results obtained mark a distinct advance in our knowledge of the animal parasites since this was the first time that a pathogenic protozoön was successfully cultivated and its relation to the disease demonstrated by inoculation of pure cultures. At that time we expressed the belief that the methods employed would probably be found to be applicable to other trypanosomes, and this view we have been able to confirm with reference to one of the most important organisms of this group, namely,<i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>, the cause of nagana or the tsetse-fly disease of South Africa. The nagana material necessary for
HEMORRHAGE IN A CASE OF VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE
Authors: George L. Carrington
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In this case there was an extensive hemorrhage into one of the tumors of a patient having von Recklinghausen's disease. While such an occurrence is always a possibility in large growths of this type, so far as we can find there is no record of the event actually having taken place.  REPORT OF CASE  B. T. F., a negro man, aged 22, single, a laborer, complained of a swelling in the side that began suddenly and in the space of two hours had become as large as his head. Since childhood he had had numerous small nodules over his body. One on the abdomen measured 2 inches by 1 inch (5 by 2.5 cm.). The largest, which was about the size of an orange, was located on the right flank. The morning of July 28, 1925, he was struck over the right flank by a falling tree. He
Remarks on THE TREATMENT OF EMPYEMA
Authors: F. G. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1929)

IF we study the statistics of emiipyema, we canlnot lhelp being impressed by the fact that it is a very serious (lisease.Thus, of 1,310 cases in the Lonidoni Hospital in fifteeni years (1909-23) the total mortality was 23.9 per (cnt.1 Of 499 cases treated at St. Bartlholomiiew's Hospital tlhe mortality was 28.2 per cent.In infancy the disease is peculiarly fatal.Most observers agree that during the first year the mortality is about 75 per cent., and during the second to fourth year anytiling frolmi 40 to 60 per cent.Holt puts the moortality during the first year as hiigh as 90 per cent.2In older children and in youlng adult life tlie mortality is much less, 6 to 20 per cent., but in older people tlhe figures rise again, tlle Lonidon Hospital figures being 31 per cenit.at 40 to 50 years of age; 39.4 per cent.at 50 to 60; and 38.4 per cent.at 60 to 70.3Tloe percentage of deaths from empyema amonig soldiers in 1918-19 during the epidemic of influeniza was appallingly heavy.The Surgeon-General's statistics in America showed the average mortality to be about 30 per cent., and in some of the military camps it rose as Iliglh as 70 per conlt.Wlen we regard these extremely high figures of mor- tality, and when we consider, moreover, how maniy cases w-hich recover for tile time being are left with clhroniic empyema wlsicll r-enders them permanent invalids, aiid possibly leads to death some few years later, we cannot help wonidering wlietlier it should not be possible, by a better understaniding of the principles of treatment, or the aedoptioln of a moore suitable technique, to obtaini more- satisfactory results tllan have Ilitlierto been possible.As the result of the heavy mortality in tlle miilitary camips in Amwerica in 1918, a special coinnissionl was set ul) to study this question, and certain definite priiiciples were enun- ciated whicli, it was claimed, made an eniormous difference in the results obtainied.Before going oni to discuss miietliods of treatmenit I silould like to remind you of certain facts conicerniing tlhe plhysiology of respiratioil and the plhysics of pleura1 effisioni and lpieumothorax.In a normal lhealthy adult tlhe average
Gene expression analysis uncovers similarity and differences among Burkitt lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Giulia De Falco, Manjunath Kustagi, Anna Gazzola, Claudio Agostinelli, Claudio Tripodo, Eleonora Leucci, Anna Onnis, Annalisa Astolfi, Maria Rosaria Sapienza, Cristiana Bellan, Stefano Lazzi, Lynnette Tumwine, Michael Mawanda, Martin Ogwang, Valeria Calbi, Serena Formica, Andrea Califano, Stefano A. Pileri, Lorenzo Leoncini
Journal: Blood (2011)
Restoration of perception of hypoglycaemia after hemiparesis in an insulin dependent diabetic patient.
Authors: A C Pell, B M Frier
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Prevalence ofsymptoms (percentage) and ratio ofprevalences among those with and without peptic ulcer in patients who had not taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatoiy drugs and those who hadHad not taken non-steroidal Had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs anti-inflammatory drugs Symptom No ulcer Ulcer Ratio No ulcer Ulcer Ratio Pain that woke patient at night 22/75 (29)* 16/24 (67)t 2-3 12/26 (46) 9/24 (38) 0-83 Localised epigastric pain 14/69 (20) 7/23 (30) 1-5 11/19 (58)t 2/14(14) 0-24 Pain before meals or when hungry 23/75 (31) 10/24 (42) 1-4 7/26 (27) 6/24 (25) 0 93 Weight loss (>3 kg in 6 months) 12/69 (17) 8/23 (35) 2 1 5/19 (26) 3/14 (21) 0 81 History of dyspepsia >2 years 39/75 (52) 9/24 (38) 0-73 7/26 (27) 19/24 (42) 1-6 Food sticking on way to stomach 6/69 (9) 5/23 (22) 24 5/19 (26) 4/14 (29) 1 1 Vomiting with pain 6/69 (9) 5/23 (22) 2 4 0/19 1/14 (7) -Smoker (>10 cigarettes/week) 27/75 (36) 14/24 (58) 1-6 9/26 (35) 10/24 (42) 1-2 Pain made worse by food 29/75 (39) 11/24 (48) 1-2 12/26 (46) 13/24 (54) 1-1 Pain relieved by food or antacid 44/75 (59) 16/24 (67) 1-1 19/26 (73) 19/24 (79) 1-1 Episodic pain 41/75 (55) 13/24 (54) 0-98 18/26 (69) 14/24 (58) 0-84 Pain began after use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 18/26 (69) 17/24(71) 1 0 Mean (range) age (years) 43-8 (15-81) 50 7 (26-75) 57-8 (23-80) 59-6 (24-82) No with rheumatoid arthritis 3 2 12 9*p=0o003 Compared with patients with ulcer who had not taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.tp=0-041 Compared with patients with ulcer who had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.p=0 004 Compared with patients with ulcer who had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and those without ulcer who had not taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Fetal circulation during epidural analgesia for caesarean section.
Authors: A Lindblad, K Marsal, E Vernersson, H Renck
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fetal blood flow was examined during epidural analgesia in six women with uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing elective caesarean section. A non-invasive, ultrasonic technique was used to measure blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein before induction of analgesia with etidocaine and bupivacaine and 15 and 30 minutes afterwards. No appreciable change in fetal blood flow was observed.