tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of particulate contaminations of infusion solutions in a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Thomas Jack, Bernadette E. Brent, Martin Boehne, Meike Müller, Katherina Sewald, Armin Braun, Armin Wessel, Michael Sasse
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

To examine the physical properties and chemical composition of particles captured by in-line microfilters in critically ill children, and to investigate the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of particles on endothelial cells (HUVEC) and macrophages in vitro. Prospective, observational study of microfilters following their use in the pediatric intensive care unit. In vitro model utilizing cytokine assays to investigate the effects of particles on human endothelial cells and murine macrophages. Twenty filter membranes from nine patients and five controls were examined by electron microscopy (EM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX). The average number of particles found on the surface of the used membranes was 550 cm2. EDX analysis confirmed silicon as a major particle constituent. Half of the filter membranes showed conglomerates containing an uncountable number of smaller particles. In vitro, glass particles were used to mimic the high silicon content particles. HUVEC and murine macrophages were exposed to different contents of particles, and cytokine levels were assayed to assess their immune response. Levels of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were suppressed. Particle contamination of infusion solutions exists despite a stringent infusion regiment. The number and composition of particles depends on the complexity of the applied admixtures. Beyond possible physical effects, the suppression of macrophage and endothelial cell cytokine secretion in vitro suggests that microparticle infusion in vivo may have immune-modulating effects. Further clinical trials are necessary to determine whether particle retention by in-line filtration has an influence on the outcome of intensive care patients.
Effect of phenobarbital on the expression of bile salt and organic anion transporters of rat liver
Authors: Niels Hagenbuch, Christoph Reichel, Bruno Stieger, Valentino Cattori, Karin E. Fattinger, Lukas Landmann, Peter J. Meier, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Adolescent Patients Pose Particular Problems; Physical Fitness May Help Prevent Injuries
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

TO EMERGENCY medicine physicians, adolescence is that great watershed when youngsters stop coming in because they fell out of a tree or off a skateboard and instead present with injuries from motor vehicle crashes. Teenagers also get hurt on the job, in the military, at home, and during recreation. Injuries account for more than three fourths of all deaths in the age group between 15 and 19 years in the United States and represent 44% of the hospitalization days and 48% of emergency department visits. In response to this, the American Medical Association recently held a conference in Chicago on unintentional injuries in adolescents. (Please see accompanying article.) But even though the adolescent may sustain injuries typical of an adult, in the words of William J. Pokorny, MD, he or she "still has the mentality and very limited experience of the child." Pokorny, an associate professor of medicine at Baylor
Antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as serological marker of sexual lifestyle in populations
Authors: F M Cowan, A M Johnson, R Ashley, L Corey, A Mindel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To examine the epidemiology of antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 and to assess its suitability as a serological marker of sexual behaviour in populations with high and low prevalences. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional survey. <b>Setting</b>: Department of genitourinary medicine and blood donation centre in central London. <b>Subjects</b>: Representative sample of 869 patients attending department between November 1990 and December 1991, and 1494 consecutive blood donors attending for donation between February and April 1992. <b>Method</b>: Participants had a blood sample taken for antibody testing with a novel type specific assay and completed a questionnaire. Results - Prevalence of antibody differed significantly between the two groups (188/833 (22.7%) clinic attenders; 102/1347 (7.6%) blood donors). In both populations antibody was strongly associated with sex, sexual orientation, years of sexual activity, number of lifetime sexual partners, and past infection with sexually transmitted diseases after other factors were controlled for. Only 130 (45%) of all those with antibody had symptoms suggestive of genital herpes, and 79 (27.4%) had had genital herpes diagnosed. Of those without antibody to herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, 8.0% reported genital blisters or sores and 1.1% had had genital herpes diagnosed by a doctor. <b>Conclusions</b>: The strong relation between herpes simplex virus type 2 and sexual lifestyle suggests that the presence of antibody to the virus may be suitable for use as an objective, serological marker of patterns of sexual behaviour in different populations. These data show that only a minority of those infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 have a diagnosis of genital herpes or express clinical symptoms, making serological determinants of infection essential for epidemiological studies.
Decreased beta-adrenergic receptor density and catecholamine response in male cigarette smokers. A study of monozygotic twin pairs discordant for smoking.
Authors: K E Laustiola, R Lassila, J Kaprio, M Koskenvuo
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The effect of long-term cigarette smoking on beta-adrenoceptor density and catecholamine response was studied in 10 monozygotic male twin-pairs discordant for smoking, with an average discordance time for smoking of 23 years (range, 12-35 years). The density of beta-adrenergic receptors was 40% lower in the lymphocytes of smoking twins compared with their nonsmoking cotwins (beta-receptor density, 6.7 +/- 1.2 and 11.1 +/- 1.8 fmol/10(6) cells, respectively; p less than 0.05). The corresponding apparent Kd values were 31.7 +/- 5.5 and 26.7 +/- 5.4 pM, respectively. Stimulation of the lymphocyte beta-receptors resulted in significantly lower levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the smokers compared with the nonsmokers (16.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 29.2 +/- 6.5 pmol/10(6) cells, p less than 0.05). When subjected to submaximal exercise, the smokers had a lower level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in plasma (25.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 28.6 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05) and a net decrease was seen in plasma free fatty acids in the smokers compared with a net increase in the nonsmokers (-15% vs. +19%, p less than 0.01). The total plasma catecholamine level was, in the basal state, significantly higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers (74.8%, p less than 0.05). The intrapair difference in plasma norepinephrine predicted well the intrapair difference in beta-receptor density (r = -0.84, p less than 0.001). We conclude that the autonomic neurohumoral response evoked by cigarette smoking results in downregulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in long-term smokers.
431. Treatment of Multi-Focal CRC Liver Metastases with Repeated Infusion of Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Via the Hepatic Artery
Authors: Minoru Yamaki, Katsunori Shinozaki, Savio L.C. Woo, Toshimasa Asahara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest contributor to cancer deaths in the United States. The liver is the main site of metastasis in advanced CRC. In the cases of liver metastases from CRC, operable cases which induced complete remission are less than 30%. Novel therapeutic agents that can provide significant clinical benefit for inoperable patients are urgently needed. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with potent oncolytic properties that is exquisitely sensitive to the anti-viral actions of type 1 interferons in normal but not in cancer cells. In this study we examined the potential of repeated administration of a recombinant syncytia-forming VSV vector (rVSV- F) to treat multi-focal CRC metastases in the rat liver. Methods: RCN-H4 cells (chemically induced colon adenocarcinoma cell line) were implanted into the left lateral and the right central lobe of the liver of syngeneic immune-competent F344/ DuCrj rats. The multi-focal tumor nodules were developed 21 days later. A 2 Fr-catheter was indwelled into the gastroduodenal artery. The celiac aretry was ligated simultaneously for the block of back-flow. The preclinical mini-port device was implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in the umbilical area. Recombinant VSV vector expressing mutant (L289A) NDV fusion protein (rVSV-F) was used. Rats were infused via the port system repeatedly with 4.0 × 106 pfu of rVSV-F vector in 1 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every day for 3 days (3 injections total). Sham operation was performed as a control group. Statistical significance was compared using the log-rank test. Results: There was no significant elevation of serum transaminases between rats treated with rVSV-F and sham operated rats. Symptom of encephalitis was not detected in rats treated with rVSV-F. Significantly enhanced survival was observed with rVSV- F-treated rats compared with sham operated rats (p=0.0196). Median survival was 110 and 25 days, respectively. Of the rVSV-F- treated rats, 4 of 7th demonstrated long-term survival exceeding 100days, in contrast to none of sham operated rats. Conclusions: Series of three administrations of rVSV-F via the hepatic artery is both effective and safe in the treatment of multi- focal CRC metastases in the livers.
Noninvasive Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a Spontaneously Breathing Mouse
Authors: SEAN WEICKER, TIMOTHY A. KARACHI, JEREMY A. SCOTT, DAVE G. McCORMACK, SANJAY MEHTA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been detected in the exhaled gas of animals and humans. In previous work, investigators have used anesthetized, mechanically ventilated animals to obtain exhaled NO (E(NO)) measurements, which has unclear effects on the levels of E(NO) and does not allow for repeated analysis of E(NO). We sought to measure E(NO) from a single, spontaneously breathing mouse. The mouse was placed in a small Plexiglas chamber and allowed to acclimatize before exhaled gas was collected for E(NO) analysis. Under optimal operating conditions of flow and pressure, the mean concentration of exhaled NO (FE(NO)) of 25 mice was 10.1 +/- 1.0 ppb. The maximal variation of FE(NO) when repeatedly measured daily in individual animals was 2.1 ppb. Administration of L-NAME, a nonselective NOS inhibitor, reduced FE(NO) by 51 +/- 6% (p < 0.01). Intraperitoneally administered lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury and increased FE(NO) by 30 +/- 7% (p < 0.05). We have demonstrated that it is possible to noninvasively measure E(NO) from a single, spontaneously breathing mouse. This novel technique provides a stable, reproducible, and responsive measure of E(NO) in mice. This technique will be of use in determining cellular and isoform sources of E(NO), as well as the role of endogenous NO in lung disease.
Implications of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Associated with Myocardial Injury
Authors: Alan Woelfel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Brief Reports15 January 1990Implications of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Associated with Myocardial InjuryAlan Woelfel, MD, David H. W. Wohns, MD, James R. Foster, MDAlan Woelfel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David H. W. Wohns, MDSearch for more papers by this author, James R. Foster, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-2-141 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevations of serum creatine kinase indicative of myocardial injury may be detected occasionally in patients who present with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. However, the implications of this finding with respect to subsequent susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia and the need for chronic antiarrhythmic therapy are uncertain. If ventricular tachycardia occurs only as a transient consequence of the acute phase of myocardial infarction, then long-term antiarrhythmic therapy is unnecessary, as is the case for patients who have ventricular fibrillation within the first 24 hours after acute infarction (1, 2). Alternatively, if ventricular tachycardia arises from a stable, pre-existing arrhythmogenic substrate, then recurrent...References1. CobbHallstromWeaverCopassHaynes LAWMR. Clinical predictors and characteristics of the sudden cardiac death syndrome. In: The Proceedings of the USA/USSR First Joint Symposium on Sudden Death. Bethesda, Maryland: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1978: 99-116. Google Scholar2. MyerburgKesslerZamanCondeCastellanos RKLCA. Survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 1982;247:1483-90. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. MarchlinskiWaxmanShawEzriJosephson FHLMM. Electrophysiologic study for ventricular arrhythmia: effect on total and myocardial-specific creatine kinase activity. Am J Cardiol. 1982;50:1061-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EhsaniEwySobel AGB. Effects of electrical countershock on serum creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme activity. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37:12-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. For current author addresses, see end of text. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart FailureSustained ventricular tachycardia as a marker of inadequate myocardial perfusion during the acute phase of myocardial infarction 15 January 1990Volume 112, Issue 2Page: 141-143KeywordsCreatine kinaseInfarctionMyocardial infarctionVentricular fibrillationVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 15 January 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors in Bartter's Syndrome
Authors: Robert E. Bowden
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E (iPGE) was measurably increased in five of seven patients with Bartter's syndrome. The effects of indomethacin were compared with those of either aspirin or ibuprofen in four patients. Indomethacin produced notably greater suppression of urinary iPGE, greater sodium and potassium retention, greater increases in serum potassium, and decreases in plasma renin activity and in creatinine clearance than the other inhibitors. This demonstration that there is a close correlation between the suppression of urinary iPGE excretion and the extent of correction of the clinical abnormalities in Bartter's syndrome, regardless of the chemical structure of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, is further evidence for the importance of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>239:117-121, 1978)
Let There Be No Question of Witches
Authors: M. A. Goldzieher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Aug 17, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(vol 189, adv p 78), the section From Other Pages describes the opposition of a 16th-century physician, Johann Weyer, to the prevailing attitudes about witchcraft. Actually, opposition came much earlier. It is not widely known that King Koloman, the Bookish, of the Arpad dynasty of Hungary, who ruled in the 12th century, disposed of a trial against a woman accused of witchcraft by the following sentence: "De strigis vero quae non sunt ne ulla questio fiat." [Let there be no question of witches, who do not exist.] To my knowledge, nobody has ever expressed a more clear-cut opinion on this subject.
A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of a fixed triple combination (fluocinolone acetonide 001, hydroquinone 4, tretinoin 005) compared with hydroquinone 4 cream in Asian patients with moderate to severe melasma
Authors: R. Chan, K.C. Park, M.H. Lee, E-S. Lee, S.E. Chang, Y.H. Leow, Y-K. Tay, F. Legarda-Montinola, R-Y. Tsai, T-H. Tsai, S. Shek, N. Kerrouche, G. Thomas, V. Verallo-Rowell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Melasma is an acquired, chronic hypermelanosis for which therapy remains a challenge. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of a triple combination [TC: fluocinolone acetonide 0·01%, hydroquinone (HQ) 4%, tretinoin 0·05%] vs. HQ 4% after 8 weeks of treatment of moderate to severe facial melasma in Asian patients. Methods This was a multicentre, randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded, parallel comparison study. East and South-East Asian patients aged 18 years or older, with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe melasma, were enrolled in this study. Patients were enrolled at baseline and treated daily for 8 weeks with TC cream (one application at bedtime) or HQ cream (twice daily). There were four study visits: at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. The primary efficacy variable was the melasma global severity score (GSS). Other outcome measures included Melasma Area and Severity Index, global improvement and patient satisfaction. Safety was assessed through the reporting of adverse events. Results TC had superior efficacy to HQ for the primary variable: 77/120 patients (64·2%) on TC had GSS 'none' or 'mild' at week 8 vs. 48/122 patients (39·4%) on HQ (P < 0·001). The secondary efficacy variables confirmed these results. Patient satisfaction was in favour of TC (90/127, 70·8%, vs. 64/129, 49·6%; P = 0·005). More patients had related adverse events on TC (63/129, 48·8%) than on HQ (18/131, 13·7%) but most were mild and none was severe. Conclusions Efficacy in Asians and patient satisfaction were superior with the fixed TC than with HQ 4%.
CRIME AND THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Authors: Louis Berman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1932)

1. Crime is due, in a Gestalt sense, to a perversion of the instinctive drives dependent upon a deficiency and imbalance of the endocrine glands. 2. Certain types of crimes are associated with certain types of endocrine malfunctioning. 3. Most criminals are derived from juvenile delinquents and most juvenile delinquents tend to become criminals. 4. Endocrine imbalance and deficiency have been found to occur in about the same frequency and of about the same type in juvenile delinquents as in criminals. 5. Endocrine treatment of the specific endocrine condition in juvenile delinquents has resulted in a correction of the delinquent behavior. 6. Juvenile delinquency and its sequel, crime, can be prevented by proper attention to the status of the different endocrines which contribute to the development of the normal social personality during childhood and adolescence. 7. All our concepts of justice, punishment and crime must be revised and reconstructed in the light of these findings.
Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Induction of Increased Experimental Metastasis by Hydroxyurea
Authors: A. E. Eskenazi, J. Pinkas, J. C. Whitin, F. Arguello, H. J. Cohen, C. N. Frantz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : Treatment of tumor cells with hydroxyurea and other DNA-damaging agents has been shown to increase the experimental metastatic potential of these cells. Purpose : We sought to elucidate some of the biochemical and genetic changes that promote tumor cell metastasis in hydroxyurea-treated cells. We hypothesized that drug treatment induces resistance to oxidative damage and that elimination of this resistance reverses the drug-induced experimental metastatic capabilities of tumor cells. Methods : We examined the effect of hydroxyurea treatment on B16 melanoma cells with respect to experimental metastatic potential, resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), glutathione peroxidase activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) level, glutathione reductase activity, glutathione levels, glutathione-S-transferase activity, and catalase activity and mRNA level. Results : Hydroxyurea-treated cells were transiently more metastatic following intravenous injection in syngeneic mice and transiently more resistant than untreated cells to exogenous H 2 O 2 . Hydroxyurea-induced experimental me-tastases and H 2 O 2 resistance were eliminated by depletion of intracellular glutathione with buthionine sulfox-imine. Glutathione peroxidase activity and mRNA level, glutathione reductase activity, and reduced glutathione levels were all transiently increased in hydroxyurea-treated cells, whereas the increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity was sustained. Catalase activity was modestly increased with no increase in its mRNA levels. Conclusions : In B16 melanoma cells, experimental metastasis induced by hydroxyurea appears to depend on a process that requires glutathione. Hydroxyurea treatment also induces resistance to exogenous H 2 O 2 , which may be due to induction of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activity. Implications: The role of antioxidants in B16 melanoma cells offers new insights into the metastatic process and the cellular response to chemotherapy. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 711–721, 1993]
Old concepts and new developments in the study of platelet aggregation
Authors: Zaverio M. Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Platelets, anucleated cells that originate from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes (1), circulate through the blood, surveying the integrity of the vascular system. Platelets act in response to traumatic injuries in which the continuity of the vessel wall is interrupted and blood begins to pour outside (2, 3). The arrest of posttraumatic hemorrhage depends on a complex set of regulated events collectively defined as hemostasis, which include the clotting of fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, as well as platelet adhesion to exposed tissues and to one another with the formation of masses known as thrombi (4). However, neither platelets nor other components of the hemostatic process can distinguish between traumatic wounds and other lesions that may develop in the vessel wall. Thus, when occlusive thrombi form within the vasculature, an otherwise beneficial function, which limits blood loss after tissue injury, becomes a potentially life-threatening disease mechanism. Such a course of events is usually initiated by destabilizing conditions in arteries affected by chronic degeneration, as when an atherosclerotic plaque suddenly ruptures (5, 6). Platelet-rich thrombi that acutely curtail the supply of blood to vital organs may cause death or serious pathological conditions, such as ischemic syndromes of the heart and brain. Knowledge of the mechanisms of platelet function has informed the development of potent and selective antithrombotic drugs, and first-generation antiplatelet compounds that specifically block adhesion receptors have already proved beneficial in the clinic (7–9).