tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence of the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris, a valued traditional chinese medicine
Authors: Peng Zheng, Yongliang Xia, Guohua Xiao, Chenghui Xiong, Xiao Hu, Siwei Zhang, Huajun Zheng, Yin Huang, Yan Zhou, Shengyue Wang, Guo-Ping Zhao, Xingzhong Liu, Raymond J St Leger, Chengshu Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Background Species in the ascomycete fungal genus Cordyceps have been proposed to be the teleomorphs of Metarhizium species. The latter have been widely used as insect biocontrol agents. Cordyceps species are highly prized for use in traditional Chinese medicines, but the genes responsible for biosynthesis of bioactive components, insect pathogenicity and the control of sexuality and fruiting have not been determined. Results Here, we report the genome sequence of the type species Cordyceps militaris . Phylogenomic analysis suggests that different species in the Cordyceps / Metarhizium genera have evolved into insect pathogens independently of each other, and that their similar large secretomes and gene family expansions are due to convergent evolution. However, relative to other fungi, including Metarhizium spp., many protein families are reduced in C. militaris , which suggests a more restricted ecology. Consistent with its long track record of safe usage as a medicine, the Cordyceps genome does not contain genes for known human mycotoxins. We establish that C. militaris is sexually heterothallic but, very unusually, fruiting can occur without an opposite mating-type partner. Transcriptional profiling indicates that fruiting involves induction of the Zn2Cys6-type transcription factors and MAPK pathway; unlike other fungi, however, the PKA pathway is not activated. Conclusions The data offer a better understanding of Cordyceps biology and will facilitate the exploitation of medicinal compounds produced by the fungus.
SPECT Imaging in a Case of Primary Respiratory Tract Amyloidosis
Authors: MAMIKO NISHIHARA, JUNICHI ODA, TAKESHI KAMURA, MOTOMASA KIMURA, IKUO ODANO, KUNIO SAKAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

SPECT findings in a very rare case of primary amyloidosis localized in the laryngotracheobronchial area are reported. SPECT using Tc-99m PYP revealed widespread uptake in the larynx and the entire tracheobronchial tree up to the subsegmental divisions; the areas corresponded to diffuse thickening and calcification of the walls on CT. SPECT using Ga-67 citrate also showed marked uptake in the same area, consistent with the findings shown by SPECT using Tc-99m PYP.
Enuresis and the Electric Alarm--A Study of 200 Cases
Authors: W. I. Forsythe, A. Redmond
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 200 children with persistent enuresis 66% were cured after treatment with an electric alarm over a 30-week period. It is suggested that treatment may be discontinued after the child has been dry for four weeks, that if continued for longer than 16 weeks treatment is unlikely to produce a cure, and that a two-year follow-up period is necessary before a cure can be accepted.
Metabolic Pathways of Glucose in Skeletal Muscle of Lean NIDDM Patients
Authors: Davids E Kelley, Marian Mokan, Lawrence J Mandarino
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To characterize the ability of insulin to activate the skeletal muscle metabolic pathways of glucose storage, oxidation, and glycolysis in normal weight patients with NIDDM and nondiabetic volunteer subjects closely matched for age, sex, relative weight, and body composition.Ten patients with NIDDM (body mass index 23.9 +/- 0.74 kg/m2) and 8 nondiabetic volunteer subjects (body mass index 23.4 +/- 0.41 kg/m2) were studied. Leg muscle glucose uptake, non-oxidized glycolysis, glucose oxidation, and glucose storage were determined during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments using the leg balance technique combined with leg indirect calorimetry. Percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained to assay insulin stimulation of muscle glycogen synthase activity as a biochemical marker of insulin action.During hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments, leg glucose uptake was equivalent in NIDDM patients and nondiabetic subjects (6.38 +/- 1.14 vs. 6.41 +/- 0.73 mumol.min-1 x 100 ml tissue-1), as were rates of leg glucose oxidation (1.63 +/- 0.25 vs. 2.14 +/- 0.17 mumol.min-1 x 100 ml tissue-1) and leg glucose storage (4.35 +/- 1.10 vs. 3.48 +/- 0.65 mumol.min-1 x 100 ml tissue-1). The combined net balance of lactate and Ala (non-oxidized glycolysis) was lower in NIDDM patients (-0.39 +/- 0.06 vs. -0.79 +/- 0.11 mumol.min-1 x 100 ml tissue-1, P = 0.01). Muscle glycogen synthase was activated to a similar extent during the hyperinsulinemic clamp in NIDDM patients and nondiabetic volunteer subjects, through basal glycogen synthase activity was lower in NIDDM patients. Nondiabetic subjects and NIDDM patients who were withdrawn from sulfonylurea therapy had impaired insulin secretion during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, with similar basal levels as nondiabetic subjects (54 +/- 12 vs. 42 +/- 6 pM), but reduced peak insulin levels (126 +/- 30 vs. 468 +/- 102 pM, P < 0.01).Detailed in vivo and in vitro assessment of insulin regulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in lean NIDDM patients indicates that insulin action is intact in the muscle tissue of these patients.
Combined therapy with folic acid and vitamins B_6 and B_12 did not affect cancer risk in women at high risk for CV disease
Authors: Andrew K. Diehl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 March 2009Combined therapy with folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 did not affect cancer risk in women at high risk for CV diseaseAndrew K. Diehl, MD, MScAndrew K. Diehl, MD, MScUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA (A.K.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationZhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, et al. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300:2012-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18984888Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Oncology: References1 Bønaa KH, Njølstad I, Ueland PM, et al. Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1578-88. [PMID: 16531614] Google Scholar2 The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1567-77. [PMID: 16531613] Google Scholar3 Giovannucci E. Epidemiologic studies of folate and colorectal neoplasia: a review. J Nutr. 2002;132:2350S-5S. [PMID: 12163691] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Andrew K. Diehl, MD, MScAffiliations: University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA (A.K.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 March 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 March 2009Volume 150, Issue 6Page: JC3-9KeywordsBreast cancerCancer preventionCardiovascular disease riskCardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyFolic acidLung and intrathoracic tumorsMortalityRandomized trialsVitamins ePublished: 17 March 2009 Issue Published: 17 March 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immuno-magnetoliposomes targeting activated platelets as a potentially human-compatible MRI contrast agent for targeting atherothrombosis
Authors: S. Meier, G. Pütz, U. Massing, C.E. Hagemeyer, D. von Elverfeldt, M. Meißner, K. Ardipradja, S. Barnert, K. Peter, C. Bode, R. Schubert, C. von zur Muhlen
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Chlamydiae and inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: P R Elliott, T Forsey, S Darougar, J D Treharne, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1981)

No association was found between inflammatory bowel disease and infection with C. trachomatis or C. psittaci when patients were tested for the presence of these organisms using immunohistological, cell culture isolation, and serological techniques.
Two Immunoglobulin G Fragment C Receptor Polymorphisms Independently Predict Response to Rituximab in Patients With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Wen-Kai Weng, Ronald Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Although rituximab is now routinely used in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the mechanism of its antitumor effect is not clear. One potential mechanism of action involves antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Two aspects of ADCC influence the effectiveness of this process: the susceptibility of tumor cells and the activation of effector cells via their immunoglobulin G fragment C receptors (FcγRs). Several FcγR polymorphisms have been identified that may affect the killing function of natural killer cells and macrophages. Patients and Methods: The pretreatment tumor cells from 43 patients with follicular lymphoma were tested for their intrinsic susceptibility to rituximab-mediated ADCC. In addition, the FcγRIIIa (CD16) and FcγRIIa (CD32) polymorphisms were determined in an expanded group of 87 patients. The results were then correlated with clinical outcome of these patients. Results: No difference was found between the susceptibility of tumors from patients who clinically responded to rituximab versus those who did not respond. Conversely, both the FcγRIIIa 158 valine/valine and the FcγRIIa 131 histidine/histidine genotypes were found to be independently associated with the response rate and freedom from progression. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that ADCC plays an important role in the clinical effect of rituximab at the level of the effector cell. It will be important to include information on Fc receptor polymorphisms in future trials of rituximab therapy.
Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica with intramuscular injections of depot methylprednisolone.
Authors: B Dasgupta, J Gray, L Fernandes, C Olliff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Although the treatment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica by corticosteroids given by mouth is effective, it is often accompanied by multiple side effects. Various studies have shown that the steroid related complications are proportional to the cumulative dose of steroids administered. In a prospective study of 16 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica the effects of regular intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone over 12 months were evaluated. Remission of disease was achieved with injections of 120 mg of methylprednisolone every three weeks for 12 weeks. Subsequent disease remission was maintained by monthly injections of methylprednisolone on a reducing schedule of dose. The treatment was efficacious, safe, well tolerated over one year, and showed no suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis at 12 weeks after initiation of treatment. Such a mode of steroid treatment results in a considerably lower cumulative steroid dose than with conventional doses of prednisolone given by mouth. These results will be further evaluated in a controlled trial using intramuscular injections of methylprednisolone and prednisolone given by mouth for the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica.
A randomized trial of amorolfine 5% solution nail lacquer in association with itraconazole pulse therapy compared with itraconazole alone in the treatment of Candida fingernail onychomycosis
Authors: D. Rigopoulos, A.C. Katoulis, D. Ioannides, S. Georgala, D. Kalogeromitros, I. Bolbasis, A. Karistinou, E. Christofidou, D. Polydorou, P. Balkou, E. Fragouli, A.D. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Treatment failures and relapses are not uncommon in onychomycosis. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider the combination of systemic and topical antifungals to improve the cure rates further and to reduce the duration of systemic treatment. Objectives To evaluate and compare itraconazole pulse therapy combined with amorolfine with itraconazole alone in the treatment of Candida fingernail onychomycosis. Methods Ninety patients with moderate to severe Candida fingernail onychomycosis were randomized into two treatment groups of 45 subjects each. Group 1 received itraconazole pulse therapy for 2 months and applied amorolfine 5% solution nail lacquer for 6 months, while group 2 received monotherapy with three pulses of itraconazole. The primary efficacy criterion was the result of mycological examination at 3 months. The secondary criterion was the combined mycological and clinical response at 9 months. A pharmacoeconomic analysis was also performed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of combined therapy vs. monotherapy. Results Eighty‐five patients were analysed (73 women and 12 men, mean ± SD age 44·2 ± 12·9 years). Patients had a mean ± SD of 3·64 ± 2·0 nails involved and 228·6 ± 148·0 mm2 of their nail surface diseased. The mean duration of onychomycosis was 11 months. Paronychial involvement was evident in 71 patients. C. albicans was isolated in 85 cases, C. parapsilosis in three and other Candida species in two cases. Side‐effects were uncommon and in only one case led to withdrawal. At the 3‐month visit, mycological cure was seen in 32 (74%) of 43 patients in group 1 and in 25 (60%) of 42 patients in group 2. At the 9‐month visit, a global cure was seen in 40 patients (93%) in group 1 and in 34 patients (81%) in group 2. Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0·1) between the two treatment groups. The cost per cure ratio was 1·63 and 1·70€ for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions The combination of amorolfine and oral itraconazole, which interfere with different steps of ergosterol synthesis, exhibited substantial synergy. Compared with oral itraconazole alone, the combination achieved greater mycological cure and increased total cure rate. However, no statistically significant difference was documented for this number of observations. Combination treatment with amorolfine and two pulses of itraconazole is at least as safe and effective as three pulses of itraconazole, with a lower cost per patient. In our opinion, the addition of amorolfine to oral itraconazole pulse therapy is of value in the treatment of moderate to severe Candida fingernail onychomycosis.
Atropine Premedication for Electric Convulsion Therapy
Authors: A. J. Clement
Journal: BMJ (1962)

THROMBOCYTOPENIA AFTER SMALLPOX VACCINATION BMIMHjAL bility that antibodies not only destroy platelets but also delay the maturation of megakaryocytes in the bonemarrow.Harrington et al. (1953) were not able to demonstrate the presence of antibodies against platelets in the blood of a patient with thrombocytopenic purpura after primary vaccination.In both our cases demonstration of antibodies failed, even after incubation with vaccine and complement.In thrombocytopenias after other viral diseases (measles, chicken-pox, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, infectious hepatitis) antibodies could not be demonstrated.Only Ferguson (1960) found antibodies in some cases of rubella.Immunization against whooping-cough, tetanus, and poliomyelitis may be followed by thrombocytopenia, but antibodies are never found.Negative results have been published by van Creveld (1959) after vaccination against poliomyelitis.No history of hypersensitivity was known in our patients.In the period of haemorrhagic diathesis no other allergic manifestations were noted.The frequency of thrombocytopenic purpura after vaccination against smallpox seems to be very low.Summary Case histories of two patients with thrombocytopenic purpura after smallpox vaccination are given; the first ran a chronic course, the second showed the acute form.Recovery was attained after splenectomy and prednisone respectively.This vaccination hazard may be explained as an allergic phenomenon.
Hormone replacement therapy in general practice: a survey of doctors in the MRC's general practice research framework.
Authors: H C Wilkes, T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To survey current prescribing practice for hormone replacement therapy among general practitioners and to elicit their views on the role of hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease; to determine whether they would participate in randomised controlled trials to evaluate the long term beneficial and adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy.Postal questionnaires to general practitioners throughout the United Kingdom.1268 general practitioners in the Medical Research Council's general practice research framework.1081 (85%) doctors in 220 (95%) practices responded. The doctors were currently prescribing hormone replacement therapy to an estimated 9% of their female patients aged 40 to 64, and 55% of doctors were prescribing opposed hormone replacement therapy (oestrogen plus progestogen) to more patients than a year previously. Over half the doctors would consider prescribing hormone replacement therapy for prevention of osteoporosis (670, 62%) and cardiovascular disease (611, 57%) to asymptomatic women. Overall, 79% of the doctors (851) would definitely or probably consider entering women who have had a hysterectomy into a randomised controlled trial comparing unopposed (oestrogen only) hormone replacement therapy with opposed hormone replacement therapy; 49% (524) would enter patients with a uterus into such a trial. Among a subsample, 85% (180/210) would consider entering patients without menopausal symptoms into a trial comparing hormone replacement therapy with no treatment (unopposed in patients who have had a hysterectomy, opposed in those with a uterus).There is considerable uncertainty among general practitioners as to the balance of beneficial and harmful effects of hormone replacement therapy in the long term, particularly relating to its use for prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Most of these doctors would be prepared to participate in randomised controlled trials to determine the long term effects of this increasingly widely used treatment.
Human Simulation for Nursing and Health Professions
Authors: Lisa Wentworth Smith
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Genomewide Comparison of Population Structure at STRPs and Nearby SNPs in Humans
Authors: B. A. Payseur, P. Jing
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Patterns of population structure provide insights into evolutionary processes and help identify groups of individuals for genotype–phenotype association studies. With increasing availability of polymorphic molecular markers across genomes, the examination of population structure using large numbers of unlinked loci has become a common practice in evolutionary biology and human genetics. The two classes of molecular variation most widely used for this purpose, short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), differ in mutational properties expected to affect population structure. To measure the relative ability of these loci to describe population structure, we compared diversity at neighboring STRPs and SNPs from 720 genomic regions in the four populations that comprise the Human HapMap. Comparing loci from the same genomic regions allowed us to focus on the contribution of mutational differences (rather than variation in genealogical history) to disparities in population structure between STRPs and SNPs. Relative to average values for SNPs from the same regions, STRPs had lower Fst, but higher Gst′ and In values. STRP–SNP correlations in population structure across genomic regions were statistically significant but weak in magnitude. Separate analyses by repeat type showed that these correlations were driven primarily by tetranucleotide and trinucleotide STRPs; measures of population structure at dinucleotides and SNPs were not significantly correlated. Pairwise comparisons among populations revealed effects of divergence time on differences in population structure between STRPs and SNPs. Collectively, these results confirm that individual STRPs can provide more information about population structure than individual SNPs, but suggest that the difference in structure at STRPs and SNPs depends on local genealogical history. Our study motivates theoretical comparisons of population structure at loci with different mutational properties.
Anti-ryanodine receptor antibody binding sites in vascular and endocardial endothelium.
Authors: R E Lesh, A R Marks, A V Somlyo, S Fleischer, A P Somlyo
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The ryanodine receptor (RyR) functions as the calcium release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum activated by electromechanical coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscles. In smooth muscle, inositol trisphosphate releases calcium from internal stores during pharmacomechanical coupling, but these cells also contain ryanodine-sensitive calcium stores. In this study, we establish the presence of anti-RyR antibody binding sites in vascular and endocardial endothelium. Both types of endothelia also contain messenger RNA, which hybridizes to a cardiac RyR isoform cDNA probe. Western blots of endothelial cell homogenates demonstrate the presence of a single, high molecular weight band of protein that corresponds to the cardiac RyR isoform. Confocal micrographs of endothelial cells labeled with a specific anti-RyR antibody reveal an intense fluorescent signal surrounding the nucleus and distributed in a nonhomogeneous pattern throughout the cytoplasm. This pattern of fluorescence is consistent with the electron microscopic distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum. The pattern of immunofluorescence seen with the anti-RyR antibody is distinctly different from that seen with the mitochondrial fluorophore rhodamine 123. Our findings suggest that the RyR plays a role in endothelial signaling.
Inductotherm Treatment of Sulphapyridine Anuria
Authors: J. M. Rogan, E. K. Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1942)

INDUCTOTHERM TREATMENT OF ANURIAMEDcRLTIJSouRN 7Among the precipitating factors were change of surroundings -as removal to hospital-and restricted diet.The blood bromide was over 200 mg.per 100 c.cm., as compared with the normal level of 2.5 mg.Treatment is by sodium chloride, 30 to 60 gr., repeatedly by mouth, or intravenous saline infusion; a favourable response, with lowering of the blood bromide, confirms the diagnosis.I wish to acknowledge with thanks the permission of many colleagues at Manchester