tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of the elderly: 2--Mind and body.
Authors: D Gloag
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Two elderly women  knew went on saying I want to die while people close to them claimed that they were happy in their good residential homes. As full of grief as age; wretched in both, says King Lear of himself; and Arie has pointed out that the active inner life and inner suffering of many old people, who have less distraction than younger people from their passions and griefs, are often ignored.1 Students in his department are urged to read novels about old people to get a more complete picture. Even though only 1-2% of elderly people may have a persisting depressive illness, feeling depressed and other mood disturbances are common, though perhaps masked by physical preoccupations (p 901). In one survey half the people using different types of day units for the elderly were depressed.2 A rehabilitation service surely fails if it neglects this central core, and regular case conferences should help to keep psychological aspects in view. Certain of those with more severe disturbance could benefit from psychotherapeutic help1 but seldom get it; but this could be integrated in some form with ordinary services, maintains Bergmann, since various workers ?doctors, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, psycho? logists?have the potential, through their human involvements, for giving therapy.1 He argues that understanding emotional needs and helping people who wish to be independent to cope with stressful circumstances should be at the centre of many therapeutic pro? grammes, and that precise help of this kind should be preferable to more generalised practical support and care that is inappropriate and unnecessary. Activities are not usually the answer to psychological distress but doing nothing clearly may add to this. Some day centres, however, offer no activities2; and an observation study of elderly people highlighted the amount of isolated inactivity in different care environments, including day care?more than half the observation time in the local authority homes studied.3 Care staff generally did things to or for rather than with the people concerned and rarely promoted any kind of activity, whether recreational or domestic. But attitudes are slowly changing, and even permanent confusion is found to be often greatly helped by a satisfactory social environ? ment.4
Radiology/case of the month. Posterior mediastinal mass in a black patient with back pain
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>HISTORY</h3> A 32-year-old black African man, living in Spain for the past month, was admitted to our hospital with asthenia, fever, and lower thoracic pain in the back radiating to the epigastrium. The pain was of 2 months' duration. Previous medical history was unremarkable. On admission, physical examination revealed an apparently healthy man with a temperature of 38°C, pulse rate of 94 beats per minute, and blood pressure of 140/70 mm Hg. Except for mild pain on percussion of the thoracic spine, results of physical examination were normal. Neurological examination showed no abnormalities. Laboratory studies revealed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 125 mm/h and a mild normochromic, normocytic anemia. In addition, antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus were not demonstrated by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot testing. A posteroanterior chest film obtained at admission (Fig 1) showed an apparent right hilar mass with sharp margins. It was possible to
Smoking and Crohn's disease.
Authors: K W Somerville, R F Logan, M Edmond, M J Langman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In a case-control study 82 patients with Crohn9s disease and matched controls drawn from general practice lists were questioned about their smoking habits. Patients with Crohn9s disease were significantly more likely to be smokers than the controls, and the association was stronger for smoking habit before the onset of the disease than for current smoking habit, the relative risks for smokers compared with non-smokers being 4.8 and 3.5 respectively. Taken in conjunction with earlier data showing an association between non-smoking and ulcerative colitis, these results suggest that smoking habit may be an important determinant of the type of inflammatory bowel disease that develops in predisposed subjects.
The Need to Redefine Addiction
Authors: Robert G. Newman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Addiction is generally defined in terms of physical dependence and tolerance associated with current drug use, and these phenomena have received virtually all the attention of researchers and clinicians in the field. In fact, however, further elucidation of the pharmacodynamics of dependence and tolerance, although important, is less critical than an understanding of the extremely high likelihood of recidivism after "detoxification." Similarly, the challenge to clinicians lies entirely in maintaining abstinence once it has been achieved. This is not just the most difficult aspect of the problem; it is the only problem.What is needed is a redefinition of "addiction" . . .
Intrahepatic injection of adenovirus reduces inflammation and increases gene transfer and therapeutic effect in mice
Authors: Julien Crettaz, Pedro Berraondo, Itsaso Mauleón, Laura Ochoa, Vijay Shankar, Miguel Barajas, Nico van Rooijen, Stefan Kochanek, Cheng Qian, Jesús Prieto, Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba, Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) are among the most extensively used vectors for liver gene transfer. One of the major limitations for the clinical application of these vectors is the inflammatory immune response associated with systemic administration of high dose of virus. We evaluated the effect of Ad administration route on the inflammatory immune response and liver transgene expression. We compared direct intrahepatic injection (IH) with the systemic administration via tail vein (IV). IH injection of Ad resulted in a lower inflammatory response and a higher transgene expression. When a relatively low dose of virus was used, IV administration resulted in no detectable protein expression but production of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, IH administration induced high levels of transgene expression and no inflammation, although we detected a transient hypertransaminemia, which fully resolved within days. Furthermore, IH injection resulted in a faster protein expression being more intense at the site of injection, whereas IV administration caused slower but diffuse liver expression. IH injection also reduced the spreading of the virus to other organs. Independently of the route, depletion of Kupffer cells significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency of Ad. This effect was stronger when using IV injection, indicating that IH injection partially overcomes Kupffer cell phagocytic activity. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of high-capacity-Ad encoding murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was significantly greater when the vector was administered by IH injection than when given IV. In conclusion, IH injection of adenovirus represents a safe and efficient administration route for clinical applications of gene therapy targeting the liver.
Transmural distribution of intrinsic and transmitted left ventricular diastolic intramyocardial pressure in dogs
Authors: J. P. ARCHIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Transmural distribution of intrinsic and transmitted left ventricular diastolic intramyocardial pressure in dogs Get access JOSEPH P. ARCHIE, JR JOSEPH P. ARCHIE, JR From the Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Medical Center, The University of Alabama in Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 4, April 1978, Pages 255–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.4.255 Published: 01 April 1978
Allergic Reaction to Poliomyelitis Vaccine Probably Due to Penicillin
Authors: Louis Pelner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ALTHOUGH it is widely admitted that allergic reactions to Salk poliomyelitis vaccine are rare, they do occur in certain cases. All the available vaccines, except one.† contain detectable amounts of penicillin. These amounts (1 to 200 units per milliliter) are sufficient to produce an allergic reaction in patients exquisitely sensitized.1 In addition to this antibiotic, the constituents2 of poliomyelitis vaccine are as follows: artificial cell-culture medium, containing vitamins and amino acids; horse serum in less than 1 part in 5,000,000; soluble monkey protein from blood or kidney; formaldehyde; preservatives —variable with each manufacturer; poliomyelitis-virus protein and nucleoprotein; and streptomycin, 200 . . .
Report urges culturally sensitive heart care for US Hispanic population
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

US physicians must adopt “culturally relevant strategies” to reduce the burden of heart disease and stroke in the country’s burgeoning Hispanic population, a new report by the American Heart Association has urged.1

Hispanic people make up the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group in the United States. Currently, 53 million people in the US—about a fifth—are Hispanic, and by 2030 this will rise to one in three, or about 133 million.

“Given the large Hispanic population in the US it would be very hard to improve the health of the nation if this population is left behind,” said Carlos Rodriguez, an associate professor of medicine and epidemiology at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and chair of the report’s writing group.

In the 33 page report published online in the journal Circulation , Rodriguez and colleagues detailed the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors and disease among US Hispanic people, as well as the social, economic, and cultural factors that affect their health and their approach to healthcare.

Although cardiovascular …
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor directs hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion and differentiation
Authors: Brenden W. Smith, Sarah S. Rozelle, Amy Leung, Jessalyn Ubellacker, Ashley Parks, Shirley K. Nah, Deborah French, Paul Gadue, Stefano Monti, David H. K. Chui, Martin H. Steinberg, Andrew L. Frelinger, Alan D. Michelson, Roger Theberge, Mark E. McComb, Catherine E. Costello, Darrell N. Kotton, Gustavo Mostoslavsky, David H. Sherr, George J. Murphy
Journal: Blood (2013)
Tromexan—3,3'-Carboxymethylenebis (4-Hydroxycoumarin) Ethyl Ester
Authors: GRAFTON E. BURKE, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The use of heparin and dicumarol has provided important information regarding the effectiveness and the difficulties of anticoagulant therapy. Neither, however, is an ideal anticoagulant; therefore a search for new substances with advantages over them must be continued. Tromexan, which is administered orally, appears to have the advantages of more rapid utilization and more rapid cessation of action than dicumarol, although the mode of action is similar in that it produces a hypoprothrombinemia. It does require accurate prothrombin tests for satisfactory clinical use. It appears to be less prone to producing hemorrhagic complications. Animal and clinical experiences with Tromexan are herewith presented.
CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASE AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A HIGH-RISK COMBINATION -INSIGHTS AND FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP FROM THE FAST-MI 2005 REGISTRY
Authors: Francois Schiele, Etienne Puymirat, Nicolas Meneveau, Simon Cattan, Francois Xavier Soto, Patrick Henry, Bernard Livarek, Didier Blanchard, Jean Ferrieres, Tabassome Simon, Nicolas Danchin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Thomas David Meurig Adams
Authors: David B Hargrave
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Psychiatrist who changed the view of homosexuality as a mental disorderWhen Judd Marmor's patients didn't fit the textbook theory that homosexuality was an illness, he thought perhaps the theory was wrong.In 1973, as a prominent and heterosexual psychiatrist, he became a leader in the struggle that led to the removal of the definition of homosexuality as an illness from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, changing a position it had held for nearly a century.The following year he was elected president of the association, one of many posts he held during a long career.
Primary Erythermalgia
Authors: Herman Pepper
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Primary erythermalgia is a rare disease characterized by burning pain of the extremities associated with erythrocyanosis and increased temperature of the skin. Methysergide maleate was employed to relieve some of the symptoms. By starting therapy with 8 mg of the drug and gradually reducing the dosage to 2 mg daily, burning pain was suppressed, but numbness and erythrocyanosis remained unchanged. Of the many approaches in the treatment of primary erythermalgia, therapy with methysergide maleate appears to be the most promising one.
THE NATIONAL DEFENSE PROGRAM TO PRODUCE TRITIUM-A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE?
Authors: H. A. O'Brien, M. W. Cappiello, E. J. Pitcher, G. J. Van Tuyle
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Post-operative Paralysis of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: A. W. Raffan
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Several instances of post-operative injury to the brachial plexus have been reported recently by Ewing (1950) and by Kiloh (1950), and it seems reasonable that more publicity should be given to such an avoidable complication of surgical operation.The following two patients received a muscular relaxant, but it is considered a fallacy to associate the rising incidence of this complication entirely with the introduction of these drugs.CASE REPORTS Case 1.-A married woman aged 44 had a total hysterectomy performed on March 24, 1949.Anaesthesia was obtained by sodium thiopentone, nitrous oxide, and ether, and relaxation by "flaxedil " given into a right forearm vein, with the arm abducted to 90 degrees.The patient was tilted into a fairly steep Trendelenburg position, with padded shoulder-rests in support.The right arm was abducted for 100 minutes and the Trendelenburg position maintained for 50 minutes.On regaining consciousness the patient complained of generalized weakness of the right arm, with numbness of the right thumb
Addressing “Difficult Patient” Dilemmas: Possible Alternatives to the Mediation Model
Authors: Arlene M. Davis, Michele Rivkin-Fish, Deborah J. Love
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Fiester raises two crucial points in her important paper: recognition that patients’ perceptions of having been morally wronged may underlie their “difficult” behaviors; and that a mandate to addre...
Histamine ameliorates anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis in rats
Authors: S. Tanda, Y. Mori, T. Kimura, K. Sonomura, T. Kusaba, N. Kishimoto, H. Kameyama, K. Tamagaki, M. Okigaki, T. Hatta, S. Sasaki, K. Takeda, Y. Sado, N. Adachi, H. Matsubara
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
The Hazards of Passive -- And Active -- Smoking
Authors: Peter Boyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Research on the hazards of smoking has turned recently to the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smoking) and adverse health events, including lung cancer,1,2 other respiratory diseases,3 and even brain tumors in children4. Passive smoking causes more frequent and more severe attacks of asthma in children who already have the disease, and it may increase the number of cases of asthma among children who have not had previous episodes3. In each of the studies on which these conclusions were based, the assessment of exposure was limited to data obtained by means of questionnaires from . . .
DR-05 * TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS AFTER BEVACIZUMAB FAILURE IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC EXPERIENCE
Authors: S. Sakruti, A. Vyshak, S. Griffith, G. Stevens, D. Peereboom, M. Ahluwalia
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab (BEV) is FDA approved for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). There are no good treatment options for rGBM after progression on BEV. Our aim is to identify the patterns of treatment after initial progression on BEV and to estimate the median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with BEV containing regimen to non BEV regimens. METHODS: With IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic Brain Tumor database was used to review 174 rGBM patients who progressed on BEV therapy during 2003-2013. OS was defined as the time from the subsequent treatment after initial BEV failure to death or last follow-up, and PFS as the time from initial post BEV therapy to the next occurrence of disease progression or death. RESULTS: Eighty six (49%) of 174 patients received subsequent treatment after disease progression on BEV. The median age was 54 years (range: 47-62) and median KPS was 80 (range: 40-90). Forty-one (48%) were continued on a BEV containing regimen and 45 (52%) were treated on a non-BEV regimen. In the BEV regimen group 20 (49%) patients received chemotherapy, 11 (27%) entered clinical trials, and 5 (12%) received radiation therapy. In the non-BEV regimen group, 22 (49%) patients received chemotherapy, 17 (38%) entered clinical trials, and 5 (11%) had radiation therapy. Median OS and PFS on BEV regimen was 5.7 months (95% CI: 4.4, 7.1) and 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.3, 5.2), respectively compared to 5.2 months (95% CI: 3.6, 6.5) and 2.7 months (95% CI: 2.3, 3.2), respectively on non-BEV regimen. The differences in OS were not statistically significant (p= 0.4), but BEV-containing therapy did improve PFS (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that bevacizumab continuation beyond initial progression modestly improves PFS.
Effect of Inosine on Heme Synthesis in Experimental Porphyria
Authors: Fredrik I. Lottsfeldt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

INTERMITTENT acute porphyria is an inherited metabolic disorder with extremely varied clinical symptoms. Abdominal pain and ascending paralysis are seen most often. The biochemical alterations include increased accumulation of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors in the liver and elevated excretion of these compounds in the urine and feces. The precise biochemical factor involved has not been isolated, nor has any therapeutic regimen been shown to alter the natural course of the disease. The Type 3 isomers of uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin, and protoporphyrin are precursors of heme, which is ultimately formed by a reaction between protoporphyrin and iron. Porphyrins are tetrapyrroles which differ from each other only in the length and state of oxidation of their side chains. Heme is a constituent of several vital cellrespiration enzymes and hemoglobin. Intermittent acute porphyria can be produced experimentally in animals by administration of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA), shown in Figure 1. This has greatly facilitated the search
Evolution of Target Specificity in R1 Clade Non-LTR Retrotransposons
Authors: K. K. Kojima
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Although most non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are inserted throughout the host genome, many non-LTR elements in the R1 clade are inserted into specific sites within the target sequence. Four R1 clade families have distinct target specificity: R1 and RT insert into specific sites of 28S rDNA, and TRAS and SART insert into different sites within the (TTAGG)(n) telomeric repeats. To study the evolutionary history of target specificity of R1-clade retrotransposons, we have screened extensively novel representatives of the clade from various insects by in silico and degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning. We found four novel sequence-specific elements; Waldo (WaldoAg1, 2, and WaldoFs1) inserts into ACAY repeats, Mino (MinoAg1) into AC repeats, R6 into another specific site of the 28S rDNA, and R7 into a specific site of the 18S rDNA. In contrast, several elements (HOPE, WISHBm1, HidaAg1, NotoAg1, KagaAg1, Ha1Fs1) lost target sequence specificity, although some of them have preferred target sequences. Phylogenetic trees based on the RT and EN domains of each element showed that (1) three rDNA-specific elements, RT, R6, and R7, diverged from Waldo; (2) the elements having similar target sequences are phylogenetically related; and (3) the target specificity in the R1 clade was obtained once and thereafter altered and lost several times independently. These data indicate that the target specificity in R1 clade retroelements has changed during evolution and is more divergent than has been speculated so far.
Effectiveness of a Regional Prepregnancy Care Program in Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Helen R. Murphy, Jonathan M Roland, Timothy C. Skinner, David Simmons, Eleanor Gurnell, Nicholas J. Morrish, Shiu-Ching Soo, Suzannah Kelly, Boon Lim, Joanne Randall, Sarah Thompsett, Rosemary C. Temple
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To implement and evaluate a regional prepregnancy care program in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prepregnancy care was promoted among patients and health professionals and delivered across 10 regional maternity units. A prospective cohort study of 680 pregnancies in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes was performed. Primary outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcome (congenital malformation, stillbirth, or neonatal death), congenital malformation, and indicators of pregnancy preparation (5 mg folic acid, gestational age, and A1C). Comparisons were made with a historical cohort (n = 613 pregnancies) from the same units during 1999–2004. RESULTS A total of 181 (27%) women attended, and 499 women (73%) did not attend prepregnancy care. Women with prepregnancy care presented earlier (6.7 vs. 7.7 weeks; P &amp;lt; 0.001), were more likely to take 5 mg preconception folic acid (88.2 vs. 26.7%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and had lower A1C levels (A1C 6.9 vs. 7.6%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). They had fewer adverse pregnancy outcomes (1.3 vs. 7.8%; P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that in addition to glycemic control, lack of prepregnancy care was independently associated with adverse outcome (odds ratio 0.2 [95% CI 0.05–0.89]; P = 0.03). Compared with 1999–2004, folic acid supplementation increased (40.7 vs. 32.5%; P = 0.006) and congenital malformations decreased (4.3 vs. 7.3%; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Regional prepregnancy care was associated with improved pregnancy preparation and reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Prepregnancy care had benefits beyond improved glycemic control and was a stronger predictor of pregnancy outcome than maternal obesity, ethnicity, or social disadvantage.
Mind Readings: Writers' Journeys Through Mental States
Authors: J. Launer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Sara Dunn, Blake Morrison, Michele Roberts Minerva, £7.99, pp 424 ISBN 0 7493 8628 5

In Zeffirelli's recent film version of Jane Eyre the first Mrs Rochester, confined to the upper floor of Thornfield Hall like the proverbial bat in a belfry, satisfies all the demands of the role. She cackles, screams, grimaces, slashes, and climatically ignites the hall itself. Yet somehow her performance is half hearted, both embarrassed and embarrassing. Madness, we know, is no longer like this.

We have all played our part in the deconstruction of madness during this century: the organic psychiatrists and behaviourists, …