tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional Ventilation in the Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: JOSE R. MEDINA, PHILIPPE L'HEUREUX, JAMES P. LILLEHEI, MERLE K. LOKEN, Richard Ponto
Journal: Circulation (1969)

In the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by lung scanning, clinical errors of interpretation may arise. Diseases that affect the distribution of pulmonary blood flow, such as pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma, may be confused with pulmonary embolism. With the addition of ventilation studies with 133 xenon to the perfusion scans, distinct differences appear between patients with emboli and those with obstructive lung disease. In patients with pulmonary emboli, ventilation is preserved in the areas of decreased perfusion, whereas patients with obstructive lung disease show both decreased ventilation and perfusion in the affected areas.
Effects of x-radiation on fibreoptic endoscopes.
Authors: B S Ashby, D A Goodman
Journal: Gut (1980)

Fibreoptic endoscopes exposed to x-radiation showed increased optical density of the fibre bundles with a reduction in light transmission. The length irradiated was important as well as the total dose, and there was a linear relationship between the dose/length product (Rm) and the loss of light transmission. The minimum light transmission acceptable for performing ERCP was found to be 57% of that through an unused fibre bundle, and this degree of damage occurred after a total dose of 33.9 Rm. The radiation dose to the duodenoscope during ERCP examinations was measured. The endoscope sheath was shown to have screening properties, with a transmission factor of about 30% for the Olympus JFB-1 and about 11% for the JFB-2 and JFB-3 instruments. The actual dose received by the fibre bundle of an Olympus JFB-2 duodenoscope was 0.084 R per ERCP and the mean dose-length product to the fibre bundle was calculated as 0.028 Rm per ERCP. Some degree of recovery of light transmission occurred while a duodenoscope was 9resting9. The expected life of a duodenoscope was estimated to be about 1200 examinations, but might be much less than this in units where greater radiation doses and longer exposures were used, and the endoscope was in constant use. Ways of minimising the radiation exposure during ERCP and prolonging the useful life of the duodenoscope are outlined.
High Frequency of Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Concurrent Radiotherapy and Gemcitabine after Induction with Gemcitabine and Carboplatin
Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Dolores Gallardo-Rincón, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Rosa M. Michel, Alma M. Astorga-Ramos, Luis Martínez-Barrera, Jaime de la Garza
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
TRANSRADIAL APPROACH IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITORS
Authors: Arthur Kerner, Eitan Abergel, Michael Berger, Majdi Halabi, Monther Boulus, Raphael Beyar, Ariel Roguin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil 20mg daily in HBeAg-positive patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus and a suboptimal virological response to adefovir dipivoxil 10mg daily
Authors: Christophe Hézode, Stéphane Chevaliez, Magali Bouvier-Alias, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Rozenn Brillet, Elie-Serge Zafrani, Daniel Dhumeaux, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Nonblocking Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Soluble MIC Revamps Endogenous Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Responses and Eliminates Primary and Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Shengjun Lu, Jinyu Zhang, Dai Liu, Guangfu Li, Kevin F. Staveley-O'Carroll, Zihai Li, Jennifer D. Wu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The human tumor-derived soluble MHC I-chain-related molecule (sMIC) is highly immune suppressive in cancer patients and correlates with poor prognosis. However, the therapeutic effect of targeting sMIC has not been determined, due to the limitation that mice do not express homologs of human MIC. This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting sMIC in a clinically relevant transgenic animal model.We treated the engineered MIC-expressing "humanized" TRAMP/MIC bitransgenic mice at advanced disease stages with a sMIC-neutralizing nonblocking anti-MIC mAb and assessed the therapeutic efficacy and associated mechanisms.A sMIC-neutralizing nonblocking anti-MIC mAb effectively induced regression of primary tumors and eliminated metastasis without inducing systemic toxicity. The therapeutic effect is conferred by revamping endogenous antitumor immune responses, exemplified by restoring natural killer (NK) cell homeostasis and function, enhancing susceptibility of MIC(+)-tumor cells to NK cell killing, reviving and sustaining antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses, augmenting CD4 T cells to Th1 responses, priming dendritic cells for antigen presentation, and remodeling tumor microenvironment to be more immune reactive.Therapy with a sMIC-neutralizing nonblocking anti-MIC mAb can effectuate antitumor immune responses against advanced MIC(+) tumors. Our study provided strong rationale for translating sMIC-neutralizing therapeutic mAb into clinics, either alone or in combination with current ongoing standard immunotherapies.
Persistent activation of nuclear factor-?B in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells involves the induction of potentially novel rel-like factors and prolonged changes in the expression of I?B family proteins
Authors: Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Matthew C. Wright, Ron T. Hay, Michael J. Arthur, Timothy Hughes, Matthias J. Bahr, Klaus Degitz, Derek A. Mann
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) cultured in serum-containing medium underwent a rapid (3-hour) classical induction of p50:p65 and p65:p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) dimers. Subsequent culturing was associated with prolonged expression of active p50:p65 and persistent induction of a high-mobility NF-kappaB DNA binding complex consisting of potentially novel Rel-like protein(s). Formation of the latter complex was competed for by specific double-stranded oligonucleotides, was up-regulated by treatment of HSCs with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and was maintained at basal levels of expression by a soluble HSC-derived factor. An NF-kappaB-responsive CAT reporter gene was highly active in early cultured HSCs but was also trans-activated at a lower but significant level in longer-term cultured cells and could be completely suppressed by expression of dominant negative IkappaB-alpha. Physiological significance of the lower persistent NF-kappaB activities was also demonstrated by the ability of long-term cultured HSCs to support the activity of the NF-kappaB-dependent human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) promoter. Freshly isolated HSCs expressed high levels of IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta. Culture activation was accompanied by a long-term reduction in levels of IkappaB-alpha with no detectable expression in the nuclear fraction of cells, under these conditions p50:p65 was detected in the nucleus. IkappaB-beta expression was transiently reduced and, upon replenishment, was associated with appearance of a lower-mobility IkappaB-beta antibody-reactive species. Bcl3 expression was absent in freshly isolated HSC but was induced during culturing and became a persistent feature of the activated HSC. Inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA binding activity by gliotoxin was associated with increased numbers of apoptotic cells. We suggest that activation of NF-kappaB in cultured HSC is required for expression of specific genes associated with the activated phenotype such as ICAM-1 and may be antiapoptotic for rat HSCs.
Pollutants in Breast Milk
Authors: Walter J. Rogan, Anna Bagniewska, Terri Damstra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

ATTENTION has been focused on milk pollution by reports at scientific meetings and federally sponsored conferences, in scientific journals,-"6 and in the lay press. Although brief articles for the clinician have appeared in the pediatric literature,,'8 a detailed outline of the kinds of chemicals found in breast milk, the mechanisms for their presence there, and possible clinical implications has not appeared previously. Since most clinicians are familiar with the benefits of breast feeding,9 they will not be considered here.Occurrence in Breast MilkIn general, the chemical contaminants that appear in breast milk have high lipid solubility, resistance t physical . . .
Percentage of CD4 Lymphocytes and Risk of AIDS
Authors: Amanda Mocroft
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —In their recent article, Dr Henrard and colleagues1show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels, p24 antigenemia, and CD4 lymphocyte percentage independently predicted the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), using Cox proportional hazards models with time-updated covariates. We wonder whether this conclusion is sensitive to different methods of fitting the model. In particular, we and others have found that the logarithm of the CD4 cell percentage provides a better fit to the model than the untransformed count. In the model fitted by Henrard et al, the relative difference in the risk of AIDS between patients with a CD4 lymphocyte percentage of 30% and 25% is assumed to be the same as that between patients with CD4 cell percentage of 10% and 5%. In comparison, if the logarithm of the CD4 cell percentage was used, the relative difference in the risk of AIDS between people
ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY
Authors: G. J. V. Nossal, A. Abbot, Judith Mitchell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Details of antigen trapping and processing in the rat lymph node have been investigated by the technique of high resolution radioautography. A series of 24 adult rats was injected with 20 microg of (125)I-labeled Salmonella adelaide flagella, given as either a primary or a secondary stimulus into one hind foot-pad. At intervals ranging from 3 min to 3 wk, rats were killed and the popliteal nodes were processed for electron microscopic radioautography using Kodak NTE emulsion. The present paper deals with events in the lymph node medulla, and an accompanying report describes the radically different behavior of antigen in the cortical follicles. In the medulla, lightly labeled granulocytes were transiently encountered, but by far the greatest bulk of antigen was in macrophages. Antigen entered these cells in two ways: by direct penetration of the plasma membrane; and by pinocytosis. In either case, the antigen rapidly became surrounded by tiny vesicles which may have represented Golgi-derived "protolysosomes." Vacuolar fusion ensued and a series of progressively larger and more complex antigen-containing "phagolysosomes" was formed. Substantial amounts of antigen could be detected in such bodies for at least 3 wk. The antigen injection, as expected, caused extensive plasma-cytopoiesis. No evidence of label in plasma cells was obtained. No special anatomic relationship between plasma cells and antigen depot sites was discovered. These results are briefly discussed in relation to current theories of immune induction.
The Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm Research Project
Authors: Robert S. Fontana
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasm Research Project (PNRP) was the pioneer prospective screening program for early detection of lung cancer and has been widely publicized.<sup>1</sup>The PNRP study population was composed of more than 6,000 men aged 45 years or more. Recruitment of subjects began Dec 4, 1951, and ended four years later.<sup>2</sup> Screening was attempted by two techniques. Each subject had a 70-mm chest photofluorograph taken and completed a questionnaire about smoking habits, occupation, and respiratory symptoms. Anyone with obvious lung cancer on initial screening was excluded.<sup>2</sup>During the ensuing decade, a concerted effort was made to rescreen all subjects semiannually, in the hope that enough "curable" cases of lung cancer would be found to justify continuation or amplification of the program. Unfortunately, there were problems associated with the overall design of the PNRP. Twenty years ago, evidence linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer was not as
A METHOD OF PERMANENT REMOVAL OF FRECKLES*
Authors: L. WINTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1950)

Journal Article A METHOD OF PERMANENT REMOVAL OF FRECKLES Get access L. WINTER, M.D. L. WINTER, M.D. Ist Surgical Clinic of Pázmány Péter University, Budapest, Hungary, (Chief: Professor J. Sebestény) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 62, Issue 2, 1 February 1950, Pages 83–84, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1950.tb10944.x Published: 01 February 1950
Health System Reform, Primary Care, and the Need for Research
Authors: Lori A. Lasch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article on primary care services in the United States, Franks et al<sup>1</sup>make reference to the "almost 40 million uninsured Americans" for whom access may be provided under health insurance reform. The total number of uninsured has been quoted as anywhere between 30 million and 40 million, with 37 million being the figure most commonly used. Since this number is often used without any reference or citation, we became interested in where that number came from. Each year, the US Census Bureau conducts its Current Population Survey (CPS) to collect information from the prior year, based on a nationally representative sample of 60 000 households. It would appear that this survey is the most frequently cited source for estimates of the number of uninsured Americans. However, other surveys, such as the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the National Medical Expenditure
The Ketchup-Bottle Method
Authors: John F. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

At least two generations of physicians have been taught that retention of excessive secretions in the respiratory tract is not only bad for pulmonary function but also can be lethal to the patient. In fact, there is persuasive clinical and pathological evidence that patients have drowned because their alveoli were filled with edema fluid instead of air or have suffocated because widespread plugging of bronchi and bronchioles by mucus prevented alveolar ventilation. These observations resulted in several therapeutic axioms for controlling secretions, and a new subdiscipline — respiratory physical therapy — developed to implement these axioms.Respiratory therapy is primarily . . .
134. A Mechanistic and Kinetic Model for the Inactivation of Liquid-Formulated Adenoviral Vectors by the Delayed Onset of a Rapid Period of Penton Disassociation
Authors: David Frey, Cassandra Shu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In an effort to develop liquid formulations that support long-term storage of clinical grade adenoviral (Ad) vectors, we have identified an instability pathway common among the Ad vectors studied. The pathway consists of the delayed onset of a period of rapid disassociation of pentons from the capsid vertices, an event rendering the virions non-infectious. The |[ldquo]|trigger point|[rdquo]| for this penton-disassociation event is virion concentration dependent. Based on a mechanism of incremental vertex destabilizations that accumulate with continuous collision-induced inter-virion interactions, a kinetic model was derived yielding a proportional relationship between the penton disassociation trigger point, tTRIG, and the inverse of the initial virion concentration, [V]0;
Caring for Patients at the End of Life
Authors: Richard Wetzel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters1 October 2002Caring for Patients at the End of LifeRichard Wetzel, MDRichard Wetzel, MDWestminster, CA 92683 (Wetzel)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Parker (1) is to be applauded for bringing up end-of-life issues in a medical journal. I was disturbed, however, by his statement that one patient's “Catholic beliefs forbade her to refuse life-sustaining treatment.” Since there is so much anti-Catholic bigotry today, it is important to correct misrepresentations of Catholic teaching regardless of the motivations of the author (which I assume to be noble). Catholicism does not forbid or command patients to refuse treatments in the context described by Dr. Parker. It does forbid health care workers to purposely or artificially hasten a natural death.Reference1. Parker RA. Caring for patients at the end of life: reflections after 12 years of practice. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:72-5. [PMID: 11777365] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Westminster, CA 92683 (Wetzel) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCaring for Patients at the End of Life: Reflections after 12 Years of Practice Richard A. Parker Metrics 1 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsHealth care providersMotivationPatients ePublished: 1 October 2002 Issue Published: 1 October 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute Appendicitis in Childhood
Authors: J. P. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BRDISH 1129 enough to keep him awake at night.He had some frequency of micturition but no dysuria, and his pain was aggravated by coughing and deep breathing.On examination his temperature was 101.8°F. (38.8°C.), pulse 96, respiration 20.The W.B.C. count was 11,200 (90% neutro- phils).The E.S.R. was 22 mm. in the first hour.The urine was acid in reaction and contained neither protein nor pus cells and yielded no significant bacterial growth on culture.A nose swab grew Staph.pyogenes.An x-ray of chest and left ribs showed no abnormality.A blood culture also grew Staph.pyogenes.The only abnormal physi- cal signs were tenderness in the left loin, renal angle, and over the left lower ribs, posteriorly with obvious swelling in the same regions.The temperature remained around 104°F.
Abstract PD5-7: Phase Ib study of LCL161, an oral antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors: Safety and efficacy results, including breast cancer cohort
Authors: R Dienstmann, B Adamo, L Vidal, EC Dees, S Chia, EL Mayer, TS Baney, S Dhuria, SK Sen, D Papoutsakis, S Cameron, JR Infante
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: LCL161 is a small molecule that triggers tumor cell apoptosis by selectively antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Preclinical studies demonstrated antitumor efficacy of LCL161 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, acting synergistically with paclitaxel in breast cancer models. A Phase I study confirmed potent pharmacodynamic (PD) effects at well-tolerated doses of 1800 mg once weekly. The purpose of this Phase Ib study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), PD, and preliminary antitumor activity of LCL161 in combination with weekly paclitaxel. Methods: Patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors were treated with paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 each week, immediately followed by escalating doses of LCL161 administered once weekly. PK and biomarker sampling was performed. Patients with breast or ovarian cancer were treated at the MTD/R2PD in the dose-expansion phase of the study. Results: As of 4 June 2013, 61 patients have received LCL161 doses of 600 mg (n = 3), 1200 mg (n = 5), 1500 mg (n = 5), and 1800 mg (n = 48), including 26 patients with breast cancer and 19 patients with ovarian cancer. Median duration of exposure was 10 weeks. The most common LCL161-related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (53%), anemia (36%), and neutropenia (34%). Eleven patients experienced AEs indicated by the principal investigator as a toxicity requiring dose reduction or a change to a 3 week on/1 week off schedule (ten at 1800 mg and one at 1200 mg), seven of which were neutropenia or febrile neutropenia. The MTD was not reached, and 1800 mg was selected as the RP2D. In the safety expansion group of patients with breast cancer treated at 1800 mg, 17 (out of 20) patients were evaluable for response by investigator assessment using RECIST criteria; of these, 47% achieved a partial response, 35% had stable disease, and 18% developed progressive disease. Interestingly, responses were seen in patients with documented progression to prior taxane-based regimens. Of note, in the ovarian cancer cohort, one patient achieved a complete response. In the study overall, 26% achieved a partial response, and 30% experienced stable disease. No PK interaction between LCL161 and paclitaxel was observed. Discussion: Combination therapy with LCL161 and paclitaxel is well tolerated, with manageable toxicities and encouraging clinical efficacy in breast cancer. Enrollment of additional patients with breast cancer resistant to paclitaxel is ongoing. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD5-7.
Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts
Authors: Kenneth L. Tyler, Ronald J. Sokol, Stephanie M. Oberhaus, Mysan Le, Frederick M. Karrer, Michael R. Narkewicz, Weslie R. Tyson, James R. Murphy, Robert Low, William R. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and choledochal cysts (CDC) are important causes of obstructive jaundice in pediatric patients. Viruses in general, and reoviruses in particular, have long been considered as possible etiologic agents responsible for inciting the inflammatory process that leads to these infantile obstructive cholangiopathies. In an effort to determine whether reovirus infection is associated with these disorders, we used a sensitive and specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique designed to amplify a portion of the reovirus L1 gene segment from extracts of liver and/or biliary tissues. These tissues were obtained at the time of liver biopsy or surgical procedures from 23 patients with EHBA, 9 patients with CDC, and 33 patients with other hepatobiliary diseases. Hepatic and biliary tissues obtained at autopsy from 17 patients who died without known liver or biliary disease were also analyzed. Reovirus RNA was detected in hepatic and/or biliary tissues from 55% of patients with EHBA and 78% of patients with CDC. Reovirus RNA was found also in extracts of hepatic and/or biliary tissue from 21% of patients with other hepatobiliary diseases and in 12% of autopsy cases. The prevalence of reovirus RNA in tissues from patients with EHBA and CDC was significantly greater than that in patients with other hepatobiliary diseases (χ 2 P = .012 EHBA vs. OTHER, P = .001 CDC vs. OTHER), or AUTOPSY cases (χ 2 P = .006 EHBA vs. AUTOPSY, P &lt; .001 CDC vs. AUTOPSY).