tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of patients with soybean dust-induced acute severe asthma requiring mechanical ventilation
Authors: A Ferrer, A Torres, J Roca, J Sunyer, JM Anto, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Patients presenting with acute severe asthma during the Barcelona's outbreaks caused by soybean dust inhalation from August, 1981, through September, 1987, characteristically showed an abrupt severe onset of each attack followed by a rapid relief of symptoms after treatment. To throw further light on clinical findings, pathophysiology and outcome in the most life-threatening episodes, we reviewed records of acute severe asthma patients treated by mechanical ventilation in one of the four main hospitals of the city. Twelve such patients (15 episodes) were compared to 24 non-epidemic asthmatic patients (25 episodes) also treated by mechanical ventilation in the same institution during the same period of time. There was a male predominance during outbreaks (p less than 0.03) and epidemic patients were ventilated fewer hours (12 +/- 8 h) (mean +/- SD), admitted fewer days to intensive care (1.6 +/- 0.7 days), and hospitalized fewer days (7.1 +/- 4.4 days) than non-epidemic patients (65 +/- 84 h, 4.6 +/- 3.8 days (p less than 0.001, each), and 16.0 +/- 13.2 days (p less than 0.004), respectively). These differences together with both the fulminant presentation of the episodes of epidemic asthma and the point-source origin of the asthma outbreaks previously shown are consistent with the unusual nature of the aetiologic agent, soybean dust.
Evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs according to the latest classification
Authors: S. Demir, M. Olgac, D. Unal, A. Gelincik, B. Colakoglu, S. Buyukozturk
Journal: Allergy (2015)

The consensus document for hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) proposed by the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) interest group (2011) was revised in 2013. We aimed to evaluate the usability of the latest NSAID hypersensitivity classification of ENDA.A total of 370 patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs among the 1250 outpatients referred for suspected drug allergy between July 2013 and June 2014 were evaluated, and 308 patients who were confirmed as having NSAID hypersensitivity were included in this study. After confirming the diagnosis, a single-blind placebo-controlled drug provocation test was performed with aspirin or diclofenac to categorize the patients according to the ENDA classification. The reactions not meeting the ENDA classification criteria were grouped as blended reactions.Among the 308 patients (224 female, mean age 42.12 ± 13.24), the leading cause of hypersensitivity reactions was metamizol (30.5%) followed by aspirin (30.2%). The most common NSAID hypersensitivity subgroup was SNIUAA (46.4%) and the least common type was SNIDR (1.6%). Cross-reactivity was identified in 50.3% of the patients. In five patients (1.6%), the hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs did not meet the ENDA classification: Three patients experienced anaphylaxis with different NSAIDs, one patient encountered anaphylaxis with one NSAID and urticaria with other NSAIDs, and the last patient had angioedema with different NSAIDs.The latest ENDA classification for NSAID hypersensitivity is generally a practical and useful instrument for clinicians. We only point out that anaphylaxis with different NSAIDs can be seen in a small group of patients.
Relationship between balance and hypoxemia, cognitive state, exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ebru Calik, Sema Savci, Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Melda Saglam, Deniz Inal-Ince, Hulya Arikan, Meral Bosnak-Guclu, Lutfi Coplu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and background: Current evidence suggests that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrate reductions in balance control that may be associated with an increased fall risk. There is only few documented research to support balance assessment and training in COPD.  Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between balance and hypoxemia, cognitive state and exercise capacity in patients with COPD.  Methods: Thirty-four patients with COPD (29 males, 5 females, mean FEV1=54.20±23.42%) were included in the study. Arterial blood gases were recorded. Balance and functional mobility was evaluated using a timed up and go test (TUG). Cognitive state was assessed using The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE). Symptom-limited maximal exercise capacity was evaluated using an incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT).  Results: Fourty-four percent of the patients had increased an fall risk. The TUG time was correlated with PaO2 (r=-0.40, p=0.034), SaO2 (r=-0.44, p=0.019), and SMMSE-orientation (r=-0.39, p=0.023), ISWT distance (r=-0.45, p=0.020). The PaO2 explained 30% of the variance in the TUG time (R=0.58, R2=0.30, F(1-20)=10.06, p=0.005).  Conclusions: Balance and functional mobility is related with hypoxemia, cognitive state and maximal exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Further research is required to determine which factors affect the balance and to determine whether improvements in cognitive state and balance can be made with balance training or pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Anti-Tumor Activity of Certain Styrylquinolines Administered Orally to Tumor-Bearing Rats
Authors: Margaret Reed Lewis, Boland Hughes, Aubrey L. Bates, Carl Tabb Bahner
Journal: Cancer Research (1960)

Results, obtained with the compounds tested several times and on from 13 to 29 tumor-bearing rats, indicate that six of the styrylquinoline bases and one salt possess a high degree of anti-tumor activity against lymphoma 8.

One compound, 1M2IO, tested on eight rats bearing lymphangioma, exhibited an anti-tumor activity against lymphangioma 9.

Sarcoma 4 and 13 growing in rats treated with these styrylquinolines compounds failed to undergo complete regression in any of the treated rats.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression in bronchoveolar lower (BAL) does not confirm its anti-fibrotic activity in interstitial lung diseases (ILD)
Authors: Piotr Kopinski, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Andrzej Dyczek, Teresa Iwaniec, Ada Rozy, Paulina Jagus, Karina Szablowska, Tomasz Wandtke, Barbara Balicka-Slusarczyk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: We have previously shown that BAL-derived T cells secrete HGF, regarded as a potent anti-fibrotic cytokine, antagonist of TGFβ, and the promising tool for experimental therapies in lung fibrosis. However, our preliminary results concerning HGF expression in ILD lower airways were not convergent.

Methods: HGF concentration in BAL fluid from pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), extrinsic allergic alveolitis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), BOOP and eosinophilic pneumonia (n=48, 20, 7, 13, 7, 6 resp.) was assessed by ELISA method. BAL cells were analyzed for intracellular HGF by flow cytometry.

Results: HGF concentration was significantly increased in IPF nonsmokers (317±136 pg/ml vs 148±17 in controls, p<0,02, median±SEM), IPF smokers (215±12 vs 141±10, p<0,001) and in smokers with advanced PS. A trend towards increased HGF levels in NSIP and BOOP was observed. HGF concentration was strongly negatively correlated with pulmonary function ((VC% pred) and positively, inter alia, with BAL neutrophil and eosinophil relative count as well as with TGFβ levels. Systemic steroid therapy resulted in decline of HGF expression in respective IPF, NSIP and PS subgroups.

Conclusions: Our data seem to disagree with the previously suggested HGF strong antifibrotic activity. Its high expression was paradoxally observed in ILD patients with severe lung fibrosis Still, our observations might reflect the up-regulated TGF enhanced expression aimed at sustaining lung homeostasis.
Scheme aims to create “intermediate” GP specialists
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A new training scheme that aims to create “intermediate” GP specialists in ear, nose and throat surgery is worrying the Royal College of General Practitioners, which believes that it could undermine the generalist nature of general practice.

Fifteen GPs from around the country began the 12 month diploma course last week. Once qualified, they will be able to perform about 15 ENT procedures and to refer some other patients direct for treatment in secondary care, bypassing the need for a patient to see a …
Improving asthma control with therapeutic education intervention
Authors: Lalita Fernandes, Anthony Mesquita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To assess the level of control in asthma patients receiving therapeutic education intervention.  Background and significance: There is no cure for asthma, hence the aim of management is to control asthma and improve quality of life. One of the reasons for poor control is improper inhaler technique. We analysed the control of asthma in subjects who received inhaler technique education by trained respiratory therapists.   Methods:  In a randomised controlled trial, we enrolled 89 new uncontrolled non smoking asthma patients reporting to the hospital. Asthma was confirmed by symptoms and spirometric reversibility as per ATS/ERS 2005 standards. Patients with asthma exacerbation and requiring systemic steroids were excluded. All 89 patients were treated with appropriate medications and were then randomised to education intervention group (teaching of correct inhaler technique by respiratory therapist) and the control group received routine inhaler technique instructions by the physician. Both groups were followed up at 4weeks. The intervention group was reassessed for inhaler technique at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks both groups were assessed for asthma control using ACT.   Results:  There was significant improvement in asthma control in the group receiving therapeutic education intervention (p   Conclusions:  Review of inhaler technique at every visit helps in better control of asthma.   References:   1K.R. Chapman et al.Suboptimal asthma control: prevalence, detection and consequences in general practice. Eur. Respir J 2008;31:320-325.
The detection of tyrosinase-specific mRNA in bone marrow is not more sensitive than in blood for the demonstration of micrometastatic melanoma
Authors: None Waldmann, None Deichmann, None Bock, None Jäckel, None Näher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Recent reports suggest that as a marker of progression of malignant melanoma, the detection of tyrosinase mRNA in blood is of limited value. In the present study, we investigated whether the detection of tyrosinase mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in bone marrow samples might be a more useful method for the detection of micrometastatic melanoma. The presence of tyrosinase mRNA was analysed in blood and in bone marrow samples from 20 melanoma patients with widespread clinical metastases. Of these 20 patients, 12 were negative for tyrosinase mRNA in both blood and bone marrow. The remaining eight patients had tyrosinase mRNA in either blood or bone marrow: six in bone marrow and blood, one in bone marrow but not blood, and one in blood but not bone marrow. The sensitivity of tyrosinase mRNA detection by RT-PCR in bone marrow samples apparently does not exceed that in blood samples from metastatic melanoma patients. This seems to be independent of prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In contrast to different solid tumours, in melanoma, bone marrow seems not to be a significant reservoir for micrometastatic tumour cells.
Does oestrogen lead to improved survival in women with non-small cell lung cancer?
Authors: J Ostberg
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Moore KA, Merry CM, Jaklitsch MT, et al . Menopausal effects on presentation, treatment, and survival of women with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg2003;76:178–95

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2]



Previous reports have shown higher survival rates in women than in men with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and oestrogen receptors are expressed on human NSCLC cells. 14 676 women from the US 1992–1997 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with primary NSCLC were categorised as premenopausal (age 31–50 years, n = 2230) or postmenopausal (51–70 years, n = 12 446), the average age of menopause being taken …

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Human bocavirus infection as a cause of severe acute respiratory tract infection in children
Authors: F.M. Moesker, J.J.A. van Kampen, A.A. van der Eijk, A.M.C. van Rossum, M. de Hoog, M. Schutten, S.L. Smits, R. Bodewes, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, P.L.A. Fraaij
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Immunohistochemical localization of types 1 and 2 5α-reductase in human scalp
Authors: None Bayne, None Flanagan, None Einstein, None Ayala, None Chang, None Azzolina, None Whiting, None Mumford, None Thiboutot, None Singer, None Harris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The predominant form of 5alpha-reductase (5aR) in human scalp is 5aR1. None the less, clinical studies have shown that finasteride, a selective inhibitor of 5aR2, decreases scalp dihydrotestosterone and promotes hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia. Immunolocalization studies were thus carried out to examine 5aR isozyme distribution within scalp and, in particular, to determine whether 5aR2 might be associated with hair follicles. 5aR2 was localized using both a rabbit polyclonal and a mouse monoclonal antibody. 5aR1 was detected with a mouse monoclonal antibody. The specificity of these reagents was demonstrated both by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses of COS cells overexpressing human 5aR1 or 5aR2. When cryosections of scalp from men with androgenetic alopecia were stained with antibody against 5aR2, using immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin complex methodology, immunostaining was observed in the inner layer of the outer root sheath and, in more proximal regions of the follicle, in the inner root sheath. Staining was also prominent in the infundibular region of the follicle, with less intense staining extending throughout the granular layer of the epidermis. Some staining was also seen in sebaceous ducts. Similar results were obtained with both the polyclonal and monoclonal 5aR2 antibodies. In contrast, in scalp cryosections stained with antibody to 5aR1, no immunostaining was observed within hair follicles. Intense staining for the type 1 isozyme was, however, detected within sebaceous glands. Our immunolocalization data suggest that the results seen in clinical trials of men with male pattern hair loss treated with finasteride may be due, at least in part, to local inhibition of 5aR2 within the hair follicle.
In Vivo Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>Receptor Occupancy and Quetiapine
Authors: HUGH M. JONES, MICHAEL J. TRAVIS, RACHEL MULLIGAN, DMITRI VISVIKIS, SVETO GACINOVIC, PETER J. ELL, ROBERT W. KERWIN, LYN S. PILOWSKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)
BCG Vaccination and the Subsequent Development of Cancer in Humans&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M A Kendrick, G W Comstock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

In 1950 approximately one-half of the population of Muscogee County, Georgia, and Russell County, Alabama, who were over the age of 5 years took part in a tuberculosis survey that included a controlled trial of BCG vaccination. A total of 16,913 persons were classed as vaccinees and 17,854 as controls. By the end of 1977, nearly 28 years later, 423 controls and 429 vaccinees were known to have developed cancer. Inasmuch as only 379 cancer cases were expected among vaccinees, there was no indication of any general protective effect of BCG vaccination against cancer. There were 18 sites with 5 or more cancers among controls and vaccinees and with observed/expected ratios greater than 1.49 or less than 0.68. Fewer cancers among vaccinees than expected were found for only 6 of these 18 sites. Among the sites with excessive cases among vaccinees was the lymphoma-Hodgkin's disease-leukemia group [International Classification of Diseases (Eighth Revision) codes 200-202, 204-207], a group suspected from previous studies of occurring more frequently after BCG vaccination.
An investigator-initiated registration-directed phase I/II clinical trial of irinotecan hydrochroride for refractory pediatric solid tumors.
Authors: A. Makimoto, H. Mugishima, T. Taga, Y. Ishida, Y. Nagatoshi, K. Ida, M. Kumagai, T. Kimura, Y. Ohashi, M. Kaneko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9547 Background: Although irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent to treat refractory pediatric solid tumors, this indication and effect is not labeled in US, EU, and Japan. Therefore, we conducted the phase I/II trial of CPT-11 monotherapy in a registration-directed setting. Methods: Patients (Pt) aged 2 to 18 years with pediatric solid tumors refractory to, or relapsed after treatment with standard chemotherapies are eligible. This multi-center phase I/II trial consists of phase I part (PI), in which dose-escalation from level 1 (40 mg/m2/day) to estimate the maximum tolerating dose (MTD) was planned, followed by phase II part (PII), in which the recommended dose (RD) at one level lower than the MTD was adopted. CPT-11 was administered intravenously on days 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10, repeated every 21-day cycle up to 8 cycles. Primary endpoints are the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in PI, and response rate per RECIST criteria including patients entered in PI and PII. Pharmacokinetic study was planned in selected Pt. Results: Seventeen Pt (11 in PI and 6 in PII) received CPT-11. Because DLTs were observed in 1 Pt (diarrhea) in level 1 and 3 Pt (diarrhea, febrile neutropenia, and elevated serum amylase) in level 2 (45 mg/m2/day), the level 2 was regarded as the MTD and the RD was determined to be 40 mg/m2/day. Tumor responses included one confirmed PR in poorly-differentiated sarcoma, one unconfirmed PR in neuroblastoma, two SD continued more than 24 weeks in rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing/PNET, respectively. The response rate was 5.9%, which was lower than expected. Pharmacokinetic parameters in 11 Pt showed a similar pattern to results of the past pediatric reports. Conclusions: The RD of CPT-11 in this treatment schedule is 40 mg/m2/day. CPT-11 monotherapy is not active enough to expect tumor shrinkage but possibly active to stabilize disease even in refractory pediatric solid tumors. Nontheless, the clinical data from this registration-directed clinical trial is not enough to obtain approval for pediatric solid tumors. Further investigations including possible combination chemotherapy are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Regulation of ion transporters and airway surface dynamics by lipoxin in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelium
Authors: Mazen Al-Alawi, Valia Verriere, Richard Chostello, Valerie Urbach, Brian Harvey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  We have investigated the role of the endogenous anti-inflammatory lipoxin LXA 4  in modulating Cl -  secretion and Na +  absorption, airway surface liquid height (ASLh) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in CF and non-CF bronchial epithelia.   Methods:  CF (CuFi-1) and non-CF (NuLi-1) bronchial epithelial cell lines were grown under an air-surface liquid interface into well-differentiated epithelia. ASLh and CBF were measured using confocal fluorescence microscopy and ion transport using patch-clamp and short-circuit current techniques.   Results:  LXA 4  (1nM) treatment for 15 minutes, increased ASLh by 47.5±0.5% and 103.0±3.0% in NuLi and CuFi epithelia respectively (P 4  on ASLh was sustained over 24 hours in the CF epithelia and was inhibited by the following pre-treatments: bumetanide, amiloride, Boc-2 (LXA 4  receptor antagonist), reactive blue (P2Y receptor antagonist) and extracellular hexokinase (ATP hydrolysis). LXA 4  stimulated CBF, intracellular Ca 2+  mobilization, Cl -  secretion and inhibited Na +  absorption in the CF epithelia.   Conclusions:  These effects of lipoxin involving the FPR2 receptor, apical ATP release, purinoreceptor activation, inhibition of Na +  absorption and stimulation of Cl -  secretion to enhance airway surface liquid dynamics open up a new therapeutic avenue to promote mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis airways.
Neutrophil microvesicles resolve gout by inhibiting C5a-mediated priming of the inflammasome
Authors: Arun Cumpelik, Barbara Ankli, Daniel Zecher, Jürg A Schifferli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Objectives Gout is a highly inflammatory but self-limiting joint disease induced by the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. While it is well established that inflammasome activation by MSU mediates acute inflammation, little is known about the mechanism controlling its spontaneous resolution. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of neutrophil-derived microvesicles (PMN-Ecto) in the resolution of acute gout. Methods PMN-Ecto were studied in a murine model of MSU-induced peritonitis using C57BL/6, MerTK −/− and C5aR −/− mice. The peritoneal compartment was assessed for the number of infiltrating neutrophils (PMN), neutrophil microvesicles (PMN-Ecto), cytokines (interleukin-1β, TGFβ) and complement factors (C5a). Human PMN-Ecto were isolated from exudates of patients undergoing an acute gouty attack and functionally tested in vitro. Results C5a generated after the injection of MSU primed the inflammasome for IL-1β release. Neutrophils infiltrating the peritoneum in response to C5a released phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive PMN-Ecto early on in the course of inflammation. These PMN-Ecto in turn suppressed C5a priming of the inflammasome and consequently inhibited IL-1β release and neutrophil influx. PMN-Ecto-mediated suppression required surface expression of the PS-receptor MerTK and could be reproduced using PS-expressing liposomes. In addition, ectosomes triggered the release of TGFβ independent of MerTK. TGFβ, however, was not sufficient to control acute MSU-driven inflammation in vivo. Finally, PMN-Ecto from joint aspirates of patients with gouty arthritis had similar anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions PMN-Ecto-mediated control of inflammasome-driven inflammation is a compelling concept of autoregulation initiated early on during PMN activation in gout.