tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Parathyroid Hyperplasia, Lymph Node Metastasis From Thyroid Cancer, and Thyroid Adenomatous Hyperplasia Using Tc-99m MIBI
Authors: Takako Nakai, Chio Okuyama, Takao Kubota, Kana Kobayashi, Yo Ushijima, Tsunehiko Nishimura
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 49-year-old woman who had undergone a living renal transplantation became aware of a mass in the anterior region of her neck. Because her blood parathyroid hormone level was markedly increased (as high as 6420 pg/dL), she was suspected of having secondary hyperparathyroidism. After the intravenous administration of Tc-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile, areas of increased activity were observed in both inferior poles of the thyroid gland and below the left lobe during the early phase of imaging. These accumulations were also visualized on delayed images. On the other hand, enhanced computed tomography revealed only 1 lesion in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. During surgery, 3 nodules were resected. Histopathologic examination revealed that 1 of the nodules represented hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland, the second nodule was a lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer, and the last nodule was thyroid adenomatous hyperplasia.
Severe Hypoglycemia During Maximized Insulin Treatment of Diabetes in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jose Barbosa, Sandra Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Our experience with hypoglycemia during a randomized clinical trial testing the hypothesis of a causal relationship between hyperglycemia and diabetic complications is described. Patients under maximized control experienced hypoglycemia much more often than patients under standard control. There were five episodes of serious hypoglycemia, none of them on pumps, in the former group, but none in the latter. Lack of compliance (or overcompliance) with certain aspects of intensive treatment increases the danger of grave hypoglycemia and should be part of exclusion criteria when considering maximized Control.
RADIUM IN EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER
Authors: John B. Youmans
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The answer to the recent inquiry regarding the merits of radium in the treatment of exophthalmic goiter and toxic goiter (The Journal, March 12, page 860) deserves comment. I refer in particular to the last sentence of the second paragraph: "Unless the disease has lasted too long, the patients are restored to complete health without any disability whatever, and in the hands of competent surgeons the mortality is extremely low." The objection to this statement lies not so much in the statement itself as in the entirely erroneous implication it conveys of a complete cure by surgery. Aside from any discussion of the relative merits of the various methods of treatment, it is well known that any such sweeping conclusion would not be true. There is, however, an even more fundamental objection to such statements. In view of the as yet unsolved nature of the disease, any
Cardiac Evaluation in Consideration of Prostheses for Geriatric Amputees
Authors: Lawrence Perlman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dynamic electrocardiography was used to monitor the cardiovascular response of unilateral amputees of prosthetic training. Sixty-five patients were admitted to the study from a total of 79 patients; none of the 14 rejected was disqualified because of cardiac disease. Fifty-eight patients completed the study, only one failure was because of cardiac difficulty. During preprosthetic and prosthetic training, various electrocardiographic changes were observed; these included significant rhythmic variations, T wave flattening and inversion, and varying degrees of ST segment depression. Training was interrupted or delayed until clinical symptoms of cardiac difficulties disappeared or until the dynamic electrocardiographic pattern became stable. Hopping in parallel bars was found to be the most stressful aspect of prosthetic training. Pylon walking is an effective and less stressful substitute. Valuable information concerning cardiac response was obtained by dynamic electrocardiographic monitoring.
Early and late results of surgical treatment of congenital coronary artery fistula.
Authors: A J Bogers, J M Quaegebeur, H A Huysmans
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The early and late results of surgical treatment in 23 patients with congenital coronary artery fistula (CCAF) are presented. One patient died for reasons unrelated to the fistula during corrective surgery for an associated complex cyanotic abnormality. The patients with isolated CCAF and preoperative symptoms improved significantly after surgical closure of the CCAF (p less than 0.05). We conclude that all symptomatic patients with CCAF should be treated with surgical closure of the fistula.
Vitamin C Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Forearm Resistance Vessels of Humans With Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Henry H. Ting, Farris K. Timimi, Elizabeth A. Haley, Mary-Anne Roddy, Peter Ganz, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in humans with hypercholesterolemia. Oxidative degradation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays a major role in endothelial dysfunction in animal models of hypercholesterolemia. To assess whether this mechanism is relevant to humans, we studied the effect of vitamin C, an antioxidant, on vasodilator function in forearm resistance vessels of patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods and Results We studied 11 hypercholesterolemic and 12 healthy control subjects. Forearm blood flow was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed by intra-arterial infusion of methacholine (0.3 to 10 μg/min). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was measured by intra-arterial infusion of nitroprusside (0.3 to 10 μg/min) and verapamil (10 to 300 μg/min). Forearm blood flow dose-response curves were determined for each drug before and during coadministration of vitamin C (24 mg/min). In hypercholesterolemic subjects, endothelium-dependent vasodilation to methacholine was augmented by coinfusion of vitamin C ( P =.001); in contrast, endothelium-independent vasodilation to nitroprusside and verapamil were not affected by coinfusion of vitamin C ( P =.8 and P =.3, respectively). In control subjects, vitamin C administration did not alter endothelium-dependent vasodilation ( P =.2). Conclusions We conclude that vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the forearm resistance vessels of patients with hypercholesterolemia. These findings suggest that nitric oxide degradation by oxygen-derived free radicals contributes to abnormal vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic humans.
Chromosome Mosaicism in a Hermaphrodite
Authors: C. E. Blank, R. B. Zachary, A. M. Bishop, J. L. Emery, C. J. Dewhurst, J. H. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1964)

C. = Counted.A. = Analysed.* The karyotype was variable in these seven cells.t Presumptive 4A +XXL * The karyotype was variable in these four cells.S Presumptive 44A + XXYY.
Denial and Overcompensation in Male Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R.W. Trijsburg, R.M. Erdman, H.J. Duivenvoorden, J.H. Thiel, F. Verhage
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

In psychoanalytic literature it is asserted that in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) the period prior to the infarction is characterized by denial of resentment, dependency, anxiety and vital exhaustion. AMI patients overcompensate these characteristics by means of aggressive and active behavior. In the present study an instrument was constructed to measure these defense mechanisms. 122 male AMI patients and their partners completed a questionnaire for the purpose of judging the afore-mentioned characteristics in the AMI patients. The judgement related to the 3 months prior to the infarction. The study showed that the questionnaire was internally consistent (reliable) and valid. It was found that AMI patients saw themselves as having been less resentful, dependent, anxious and exhausted than their partners judged them to have been. The AMI patients did not judge themselves to have been more aggressive or active than their partners judged them to have been. The results indicate the potential usefulness of the method of comparing scores (patients vs. partners) in measuring defense mechanisms. Methodological problems and problems regarding the interpretation of scores are critically discussed.
Anterior Displacement of the Descending Duodenum as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Tumor
Authors: Emil J. Ganem, David W. Wallwork, George V. West
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE roentgenographic demonstration of an adrenal tumor depends on the visualization of a soft-tissue mass above the kidney as seen on a plain film of the abdomen.1 One then hopes to demonstrate caudal displacement of the kidney with some alteration of its normal axis as seen on an intravenous or retrograde pyelogram. A laminagraph may be of some help in localizing an adrenal tumor. At times, however, all these technics fail to demonstrate a tumor satisfactorily, and one is forced to resort to more complicated methods of x-ray investigation. Perinephric air insufflation, as practiced by Cahill,2 has been effective in . . .
Effect of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Extremity Function 3 to 9 Months After Stroke
Authors: Steven L. Wolf, Carolee J. Winstein, J. Philip Miller, Edward Taub, Gitendra Uswatte, David Morris, Carol Giuliani, Kathye E. Light, Deborah Nichols-Larsen, for the EXCITE Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Single-site studies suggest that a 2-week program of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for patients more than 1 year after stroke who maintain some hand and wrist movement can improve upper extremity function that persists for at least 1 year.To compare the effects of a 2-week multisite program of CIMT vs usual and customary care on improvement in upper extremity function among patients who had a first stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months.The Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) trial, a prospective, single-blind, randomized, multisite clinical trial conducted at 7 US academic institutions between January 2001 and January 2003.Two hundred twenty-two individuals with predominantly ischemic stroke.Participants were assigned to receive either CIMT (n = 106; wearing a restraining mitt on the less-affected hand while engaging in repetitive task practice and behavioral shaping with the hemiplegic hand) or usual and customary care (n = 116; ranging from no treatment after concluding formal rehabilitation to pharmacologic or physiotherapeutic interventions); patients were stratified by sex, prestroke dominant side, side of stroke, and level of paretic arm function.The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), a measure of laboratory time and strength-based ability and quality of movement (functional ability), and the Motor Activity Log (MAL), a measure of how well and how often 30 common daily activities are performed.From baseline to 12 months, the CIMT group showed greater improvements than the control group in both the WMFT Performance Time (decrease in mean time from 19.3 seconds to 9.3 seconds [52% reduction] vs from 24.0 seconds to 17.7 seconds [26% reduction]; between-group difference, 34% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 12%-51%]; P<.001) and in the MAL Amount of Use (on a 0-5 scale, increase from 1.21 to 2.13 vs from 1.15 to 1.65; between-group difference, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.05-0.80]; P<.001) and MAL Quality of Movement (on a 0-5 scale, increase from 1.26 to 2.23 vs 1.18 to 1.66; between-group difference, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.13-0.84]; P<.001). The CIMT group achieved a decrease of 19.5 in self-perceived hand function difficulty (Stroke Impact Scale hand domain) vs a decrease of 10.1 for the control group (between-group difference, 9.42 [95% CI, 0.27-18.57]; P=.05).Among patients who had a stroke within the previous 3 to 9 months, CIMT produced statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in arm motor function that persisted for at least 1 year. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00057018.
Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Disease
Authors: Ronald J. Falk, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) are serologic markers of small-vessel vasculitides, including microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis), and the Churg−Strauss syndrome.1 Since the discovery of ANCAs more than two decades ago, substantial clinical, in vitro, and in vivo data have shown that ANCAs that are specific for myeloperoxidase, and probably ANCAs that are specific for proteinase 3, participate in the pathogenesis of small-vessel vasculitis.2 These autoantibodies activate neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in damage to the vascular endothelium. Although ANCAs alone are sufficient to cause disease in animal models, additional genetic, epigenetic, and environmental pressures modulate disease in patients and . . .
Abdominal Crisis with 'Absent' Spleen
Authors: FERRIS GINSBERG, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A woman presented with left lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound study of that area noted tissue compatible with the spleen. A Tc-99m sulfur colloid image failed to demonstrate functional splenic tissue. A blood smear did not show Howell-Jolly bodies, suggesting only recent loss of splenic function. At operation, a "wandering spleen" was found in the lower abdomen, with a twisted vascular supply.
Simple finger tourniquet.
Authors: M Z Salem
Journal: BMJ (1973)

PatientsNormal Values Test Mean ± S.D. Mean + S.D. Euglobulin lysis time (units/ml) 2-7 + 1.1* 12-0 ± 5-3 Plasminogen (units/100 ml) .99 ± 22 100 ± 21Fibrinogen (mg/100 ml) .636± 192* 350 ± 84Factor VIII (%) .. 218 + 66* 104 ± 23 Antithrombin III (%) .108± 26 100 + 10 Thrombin time (sec) .18-0+ 3-2t
The Effects of Regular Inhaled Formoterol, Budesonide, and Placebo on Mucosal Inflammation and Clinical Indices in Mild Asthma
Authors: ANNIKA WALLIN, THOMAS SANDSTRÖM, MARGARETHA SÖDERBERG, PETER HOWARTH, BO LUNDBÄCK, GIOVANNI DELLA-CIOPPA, SUSAN WILSON, MARY JUDD, RATKO DJUKANOVIĆ, STEPHEN HOLGATE, ANNE LINDBERG, LARS LARSSEN, Mary Judd, Bo Melander
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The present study was designed to observe the effects of 8 wk of treatment with formoterol (Foradil) 24 μ g, budesonide 400 μ g, and matched placebo inhaled twice a day on inflammatory indices in the bronchial mucosa of 64 patients with mild atopic asthma. Biopsies were obtained at the start and 1 wk before stopping a 9-wk period of treatment, and inflammatory cell numbers were assessed in the submucosa and epithelium by immunohistochemistry. Regular formoterol significantly reduced the number of submucosal mast cells, with a similar trend for eosinophils but not activated T cells. A subgroup analysis conducted in biopsies with ⩾ 10 eosinophils per mm2 revealed a significant reduction in eosinophil numbers when compared with both pretreatment baseline (p < 0.01) and changes after placebo (p < 0.01). Parallel, but less pronounced, effects were observed on mast cell but not on CD25+ T cell numbers. There was no effect of any of the three treatments on BAL levels of mast cell or eosinophil mediators. We conclude that regular treatment with inhaled formoterol reduces rather than increases inflammatory cells in the mucosa of asthmatic patients. It is possible that these cellular effects of formoterol may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of this drug when used regularly in the treatment
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Merrill W. Chase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Evidence is presented to show that guinea pigs actively sensitized to simple chemical compounds form serum antibodies capable of sensitizing the skin of normal guinea pigs. Skin sites prepared as for the Prausnitz-Küstner test develop immediate-type ("evanescent") reactions with erythema and edema, upon subsequent injection of the corresponding simple compounds or protein conjugates thereof, and give effects resembling transferred reaginic reactions as seen in human beings. The antibodies were obtainable after sensitization by acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides, and also substances of lesser reactivity, picryl chloride and 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene, which are human allergens. Observations are reported on the specificity of the antibodies and on various details of the reaction. Like effects result when antiprotein immune sera and their corresponding antigens are employed for the test, making it highly probable that the antibodies secured after sensitization to drugs result from immunization by conjugates formed in vivo. The sera obtained after sensitization with simple chemical compounds readily confer passive anaphylaxis, and their capacity for sensitizing the skin declines gradually with progressive heating. It was observed that following a reaction of substantial degree in guinea pig skin the area involved does not fully recover for some days its capacity to react, the effect being a manifestation, it would seem, of what has been termed "non-specific antianaphylaxis."
Crisis in rheumatology manpower
Authors: I. R Gray
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Crisis in rheumatology manpower SIR,-As the five doctors undertaking higher medical training in rheumatology in the West Midlands (three National Health Service senior registrars and two university lecturers) we too are concerned at the current manpower crisis in rheumatology (19 February, p 586).This is not a national so much as a local problem, however, with a surfeit of senior registrars in certain regions.The disparity in the posts is illustrated in the table.
Reconstructing sex chromosome evolution
Authors: David C Page, Jennifer F Hughes, Daniel W Bellott, Jacob L Mueller, Mark E Gill, Amanda Larracuente, Tina Graves, Donna Muzny, Wesley C Warren, Richard A Gibbs, Richard K Wilson, Helen Skaletsky
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

The mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ordinary pair of autosomes that existed in a reptilian ancestor that probably relied on temperature-dependent sex determination, as in crocodiles today. Independently and concurrently, the avian Z and W chromosomes (ZZ males, ZW females) evolved from a different pair of autosomes that was present in the same ancestor. Both the mammalian XY pair and the avian ZW pair have emerged with specialized and disproportionate roles in germ cell development. These germ cell specializations are best understood in the mammalian Y chromosomes and are only now being appreciated in the mammalian X chromosomes and the avian ZW pair. 

To reconstruct and better understand nature's sex chromosome experiment, we have set out to comprehensively sequence and compare the sex chromosomes of four primates, two rodents, an ungulate, a marsupial and a bird. I will describe insights that have emerged from this ongoing effort.
National cooperative sudies Adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Renal carcinoma is not a common malignancy; it constitutes no more than 1% to 2% of all cancers. Although there are trends in the literature which suggest possible approaches to improving results, it is impossible for any one individual or even an active university hospital to mount therapeutic trials. To overcome this obstacle, a national cooperative protocol has been developed. The aim of such a controlled clinical study is to demonstrate the superiority of different types and combinations of treatment. This is done by having a number of participating institutions supply the number of patients needed. The limitation of such efforts rests on the quality of care in each clinic, whereas its strength lies in the cross-sectional representation, the standardization of treatment, and reporting of results that evolve. During the span of the past threedecades, nephrectomy has yielded a five-year survival of 31% to 50% and a ten-year figure
HLA-Identical Sibling Compared With 8/8 Matched and Mismatched Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplant for Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mukta Arora, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Stephen R. Spellman, Michael D. Haagenson, John P. Klein, Carolyn K. Hurley, George B. Selby, Joseph H. Antin, Nancy A. Kernan, Craig Kollman, Auayporn Nademanee, Philip McGlave, Mary M. Horowitz, Effie W. Petersdorf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from an unrelated donor (URD) is an option for many patients who do not have an HLA-identical sibling donor (MSD). Current criteria for the selection of URDs include consideration for HLA alleles determined by high resolution typing methods, with preference for allele-matched donors. However, the utility and outcome associated with transplants from URDs compared with those from MSDs remains undefined. Patients and Methods We examined clinical outcome after patients received bone marrow transplants (BMTs) from MSDs; HLA-A, -B, -C, and DRB1 allele-matched URDs (8/8); and HLA-mismatched URDs in a homogeneous population of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in first chronic phase (CP1) where a strong allogeneic effect and hence a lower risk of relapse is anticipated. Transplantation outcomes were compared between 1,052 URD and 3,514 MSD BMT recipients with CML in CP1. Results Five-year overall survival and leukemia-free survival (LFS) after receipt of BMTs from 8/8 matched URDs were worse than those after receipt of BMTs from MSDs (5-year survival, 55% v 63%; RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.56; P &lt; .001; LFS, 50% v 55%; RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.40; P = .006). Survival was progressively worse with greater degrees of mismatch. Similar and low risk of relapse were observed after receipt of transplant from either MSD or URD. Conclusion In this homogeneous cohort of good risk patients with CML in CP1, 5-year overall survival and LFS after receipt of transplant from 8/8 allele-matched donors were modestly though significantly worse than those after receipt of transplant from MSDs. Additive adverse effects of multilocus mismatching are not well tolerated and should be avoided if possible.
Construction of clinical scoring systems.
Authors: J Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (1990)

of deterioration and a low risk of surgical compli- cations whether she was or was not taking anti- coagulant drugs.I would have offered burr hole aspiration of the fluid component of the haematoma, and I feel the authors should not be congratulated for the recovery of their patient.It will always be difficult to balance the risks of surgery for intracranial haematomas, particularly in patients receiving anticoagulation, but I hope that their report will not encourage clinicians routinely to manage such haematomas conserva- tively.
REM sleep, hippocampus, and memory processing: Insights from functional neuroimaging studies
Authors: Victor I. Spoormaker, Michael Czisch, Florian Holsboer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Neuroimaging studies show that episodic memory encoding is associated with increased activity in hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex; however, the latter structure shows decreased activity in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Together with few episodic memory traces in REM sleep, and REM sleep deprivation affecting hippocampus-independent emotional processes, this argues for generic information processing in REM sleep rather than linking episodic memory traces.
EXERCISE CAPACITY IS INVERSELY RELATED TO THE RISK FOR DEVELOPING HYPERTENSION IN PRE-HYPERTENSIVE AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN
Authors: Andreas Pittaras, Charles Faselis, Michalis Doumas, Athanasios Manolis, L. Korshak, Ioannis Athanasiadis, Maria Papavasiliou, Haralampos Grassos, Vasilios Papademetriou, Peter Kokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)