tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Triptans for symptomatic treatment of migraine headache
Authors: T. Pringsheim, W. J. Becker
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 30 year old woman has debilitating, pulsating right sided headaches up to twice a month for several years. Her pain builds up rapidly and usually lasts 24 hours. She has to lie down during episodes, which are associated with sensitivity to light, severe nausea, and occasional vomiting. Over the counter analgesics such as ibuprofen or paracetamol were initially helpful in relieving pain, but not recently. She asks if any treatments may help with her headaches and allow her to return to her usual activities sooner. 

Migraine is a common clinical problem, with a global prevalence of 14.7%, and is the eighth most common cause globally of years lived with disability.1 The triptans are selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptor agonists, with high affinity for the 5HT1B and 5HT1D receptors. 5HT1B receptors are on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and cause vasoconstriction when stimulated. 5HT1D receptors lie on perivascular trigeminal nerve terminals and in the dorsal horn, and their stimulation blocks the release of vasoactive peptides from trigeminal neurones and the release of neurotransmitters in the dorsal horn that convey nociceptive information to the thalamus.2 Seven triptans are commercially available—sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, rizatriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, and almotriptan—with minor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between them. Sumatriptan was the first commercially available triptan and has been used in clinical practice since the early 1990s. Several different vehicle delivery systems are available for these drugs, including a subcutaneous injection, nasal spray, rapid melt tablet, and oral tablet (see table⇓ for formulations available, dosages, onset of action, number needed to treat, and drug interactions).

View this table:

Triptans: pharmacokinetics and NNT for 2 hour pain-free response*†



Three systematic reviews of sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine were published in the Cochrane Library in 2012. They evaluated the oral tablet,5 …
METABOLIC STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRO-INTESTINAL CANCER. IV. FAT METABOLISM, A METHOD OF STUDY 1
Authors: P. E. Rekers, J. C. Abels, C. P. Rhoads
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

The results of recent studies have added significantly to the understanding of the intermediary metabolism of fat, particularly as concerns the role of the liver in the utilization of fat by the body.(I to 3).On the other hand, the available information concerning the absorption and diges- tion of fat in the gastro-intestinal tract leaves much to be desired, primarily because of a lack of satis- factory technical methods.In the course of an investigation of the metab- olism of essential dietary factors by patients with gastro-intestinal cancer (4, 5), the ability of these patients to digest and absorb fats was determined.For this purpose, it was necessary to devise a simple and satisfactory quantitative method.A description of this method and the results of its application to patients with various disorders form the subject of the present communication. CLINICAL MATERIALThe clinical material studied consisted of the following: Two male individuals were admitted to the hospital, one for the surgical treatment of a plantar wart, and the other for a saphenous vein ligation.Both were entirely free of gastro-intestinal complaints and had taken normal diets for several years.
Diet and dialysis.
Authors: P K Knudsen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Personal experience shows that subjective and objective improvements can be achieved in chronic renal failure treated with dialysis. These aims were achieved by limiting energy intake to 8 MJ a day and by substituting cassava for bread and potatoes, thereby reducing the intake of protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Water soluble vitamins were added to the diet. With this regimen blood urea concentrations vary between 2.5 and 12 mmol/l for most of the week and the packed cell volume between 0.30 and 0.37.
Sustained thromboprophylaxis mediated by an RBC-targeted pro-urokinase zymogen activated at the site of clot formation
Authors: Sergei Zaitsev, Dirk Spitzer, Juan-Carlos Murciano, Bi-Sen Ding, Samira Tliba, M. Anna Kowalska, Oscar A. Marcos-Contreras, Alice Kuo, Victoria Stepanova, John P. Atkinson, Mortimer Poncz, Douglas B. Cines, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Journal: Blood (2010)
Persistent peristomal leakage from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy successfully treated with endoscopic suturing
Authors: Peter Stanich, Brett Sklaw, Somashekar Krishna
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We report a novel and successful treatment for persistent peristomal leakage from a recently placed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, using an endoscopic suturing device.
Intravenous Drug Users and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Counseling
Authors: Thomas Lampinen, W. Wayne Wiebel, John K. Watters
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Curtis et al 1 present evidence that voluntary human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing and counseling for intravenous (IV) drug users is a desirable addition to methadone maintenance treatment programs. However, we are concerned by the authors' conclusion that  the current year 89.8% of our sample reported no needle sharing, which certainly would argue against a plan to give clean needles or bleach.  The needle-sharing potential of clients who relapse after methadone maintenance therapy and those currently in treatment is high. Clients in treatment represent only 15% of the estimated 1.1 to 1.3 million IV drug abusers in this country, 70% to 90% of whom are thought to share injection equipment. 2 Interviews with more than 1700 active IV drug abusers recruited into our study by community-based acquired immunodeficiency syndrome outreach educators in five cities indicate that many active users not in treatment report prior methadone maintenance
Muscular Dystrophy Advance
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The reduction of rhinitis symptoms by nasal filters during natural exposure to ragweed and grass pollen
Authors: T. J. O'Meara, J. K. Sercombe, G. Morgan, H. K. Reddel, W. Xuan, E. R. Tovey
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Prototype nasal filters were developed to collect inhaled pollen. This study evaluated the efficacy of the filters for prevention of rhinitis symptoms during acute outdoor pollen exposure. Methods: A randomized double‐blind design was used. Subjects ( n = 46) with a history of autumn exacerbation of rhinitis and positive skin test to ragweed, Bermuda and/or Bahia grass wore either active or placebo nasal filters for 2 h in autumn in a park containing these species. Major and Total Symptoms scores were recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Results: Subjects wearing active nasal filters had significantly reduced scores, at all time‐points compared with placebo group (all P &lt; 0.05). Of 14 individual symptoms measured, seven were significantly reduced (number of sneezes, runny nose, itchy nose, sniffles, itchy throat; itchy eyes and watery eyes) and another three showed a trend towards lower severity. The nasal filters also enabled the resolution of existing symptoms. Maximal difference in symptoms was seen immediately after subjects had spent 20 min sitting beside a large patch of ragweed. Conclusion: This is the first clinical trial of a nasal filter. The results suggest it has potential for enhancing rhinitis management during acute allergen exposure.
Impact Of Bone Marrow Involvement On Outcome Of Young Patients With High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Treated In The Phase III Randomized Trial (DLCL04) With Rituximab Dose-Dense Chemotherapy Followed By Intensified High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (HDC+ASCT) Or Standard Rituximab Dose Dense Chemotherapy: A Study of The Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)
Authors: Umberto Vitolo, Annalisa Chiappella, Ercole Brusamolino, Emanuele Angelucci, Giuseppe Rossi, Angelo Michele Carella, Andrea Evangelista, Caterina Stelitano, Monica Balzarotti, Francesco Merli, Gianluca Gaidano, Manuel Gotti, Vincenzo Pavone, Luigi Rigacci, Francesco Zaja, Chiara Rusconi, Amalia De Renzo, Graziella Pinotti, Michele Pizzuti, Michele Spina, Maria Cantonetti, Giorgina Specchia, Patrizia Pregno, Eleonora Russo, Alessandra Tucci, Maria Giuseppina Cabras, Stefano A Pileri, Alessandro Levis, Maurizio Martelli
Journal: Blood (2013)
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE CARE OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN.
Authors: J. A. WORK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Of all the young of God's vast creation of animated nature, none are so helpless as the<i>newborn babe</i>. The young of the lower order of animals can all early help themselves to their furnished food; not so with the human species; thus the demand for especial tender care; and how generously the mothers with natural affections bestow their aid and sympathy to the little weakling. Though perfect in its anatomic construction, yet as soon as breath enters the heretofore functionless lungs, the whole animal machinery of many members moves into new activity; and we can now declare, surely, that a new life exists. The first care that the infant's helpless nature demands is at the hands of the accoucheur and nurse, the responsibility largely resting on the former. The proper start in life, as in every other great undertaking, is an important factor to success. It is fitly asserted,
The safety of sublingual immunotherapy with one or multiple pollen allergens in children
Authors: F. Agostinis, C. Foglia, M. Landi, M. Cottini, C. Lombardi, G. W. Canonica, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Since the majority of allergic patients are polysensitized, it is often necessary to prescribe immunotherapy with multiple allergens. It is crucial to know if the administration of multiple allergens with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) increases the risk of side‐effects in children. Methods: Consecutive children with respiratory allergy because of pollens, receiving SLIT for multiple or single allergens were followed‐up in a postmarketing survey. Inclusion criteria were those for prescribing SLIT according to guidelines. Parents recorded in a diary card the side‐effects (eye symptoms, rhinitis/ear itching, asthma, oral itching/swelling, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis). The side‐effects were graded as mild, moderate and severe. Results: Four hundred and thirty‐three children (285 male, age range 3–18 years) receiving SLIT were surveyed. Of them, 179 received a single extract, and 254 multiple allergens. The total number of doses given was 40 169 (17 143 with single allergen). Overall, 178 episodes were reported. Of them, 76 occurred with the single allergen (42.46% patients, 4.43/1000 doses) and 102 (40.3% patients, 4.42/1000 doses) with multiple allergens ( P = NS). 165 episodes (92.5%) were mild and self‐resolving and were equally distributed in the two groups. In 13 cases, the events were judged of moderate severity and medical advice was required. Three patients discontinued SLIT, despite the local side‐effects being mild. No emergency treatment was required at all. Conclusion: The use of multiple allergens for SLIT does not increase the rate of side‐effects in children.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLOBAL LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER STEMI
Authors: Emer Joyce, Georgette Hoogslag, Darryl Leong, Philippe Debonnaire, Spyridon Katsanos, Martin J. Schalij, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Jeroen J. Bax, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sclerotic Lesion in the Right Sphenoid Wings
Authors: Roland G. Ware
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Bruce J. Haskin: A 23-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of right exophthalmos. During the five months before admission she had noted progressive discomfort behind her right eye. Protrusion of the eye developed with intermittent blurring of vision. She was seven months pregnant. Except for the enlarged uterus and the proptosis, the results of her general physical examination were unremarkable. There was blurring of the right nasal disk margin, but the visual fields were full. The remainder of the neurological examination was within normal limits. The roentgenographic examination of the skull (Figure) showed marked sclerosis of the greater wing of the right sphenoid and moderate sclerosis of the lesser sphenoid wing. There was narrowing of the right superior orbital fissure. It was thought that the lambdoid suture and the convolutional impressions were prominent, raising the question of increased intracranial pressure. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Dreyfuss, what are
Abstract 1093: BioMAP® profiling in primary human cell systems as a tool for drug discovery in inflammation and cancer
Authors: Alison M. O'Mahony, Jennifer Melrose, Sylvie Privat, Liisa Alajoki, Dat Nguyen, Mark Polokoff, Ivan Plavec, Ellen Berg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It is now widely accepted that chronic inflammatory events are critical contributors to both the development and progression of cancer. While the complex interrelationship between immune events and their effects on the neoplastic process remain to be defined, targeting inflammation has now become a priority of drug discovery in oncology. A major factor propelling this strategy is that both cancer cells and immune cells share many common signaling pathways that can contribute to the disease promoting microenvironment of the tumor. Drugs that target these pathways now make up a significant portion of pharmaceutical pipelines but how these compounds affect cancer cells, normal tissues and immune processes remains poorly understood. In order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies it is imperative that we understand the biological impact of compounds that target key signaling intermediates on normal and immune cells as well as neoplastic cells. BioSeek has pioneered the development of in vitro human cell-based systems (BioMAP® Systems) that recapitulate the complex signals and phenotypic responses of inflamed tissues in vivo. In addition to providing broad coverage of inflammatory targets, BioMAP® Systems model modulation of many signaling pathways relevant to cancer. Characterization of pathway-associated kinase inhibitors, including JAK, PI3K, p38MAPK, ERK, JNK and NF-κB in BioMAP® Systems has revealed activities that differentially impact inflammatory, proliferative, angiogenic and tissue remodeling processes. Secondly, profiling of 1000s of off-patent compounds through BioMAP® Systems identified agents that selectively prevent the growth of smooth muscle cells and related cancers (leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas) with little impact on the activation of immune cells. BioMAP® Systems provide a highly useful platform to (1) distinguish anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of various kinase inhibitors and (2) identify different phenotypic outcomes of these agents that influence cancer progression and disease resolution. Together these data will help inform the selection of more effective therapeutic strategies to target different cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1093
Abstract 3343: Preferential dormancy of Oct4-expressing breast cancer-initiating cells in bone marrow: Role for gap junctional intercellular communication
Authors: Shyam A. Patel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer dormancy in the bone marrow is a clinical problem that is supported by cancer resurgence after years of disease-free survival. This study seeks to explain why, despite aggressive treatment with anti-cancer agents, breast cancer cells (BCCs) can survive for later resurgence. The potential role of stem cell biology in malignancy has been supported by evidence of chemotherapy resistance among tumors and the idea that stem cells and tumor cells share common signaling pathways. Initial screening of primary tissues and BCC lines has demonstrated that the pluripotency marker Oct4 is expressed at low frequency. Thus, in this study, we selected Oct4-expressing BCCs in transfectants with GFP reporter vector under the control of the Oct4 5’ regulatory region. Based on Oct4 expression, we have isolated two subsets. The high expressers show self-renewing properties, long doubling times, increased proportion of cells in G0 phase, sphere formation at &amp;gt;97% efficiency, and serial passaging ability in nude mice. Based on these findings, we designate the high Oct4 expressers as breast cancer-initiating cells (BC-ICs). Functionally, the BC-ICs show preference for forming gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with bone marrow stroma and resist treatment with carboplatin. In summary, the studies provide evidence for the existence of a population of cells within breast cancers that sustains tumor survival and might be the subset of BCCs that adapts dormancy in the bone marrow. These studies are highly significant to subclinical tumor survival and eventual resurgence of breast cancer at metastatic sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3343
Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region
Authors: T. Men
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate trends in Russian mortality for 1991-2001 with particular reference to trends since the Russian economic crisis in 1998 and to geographical differences within Russia. <b>Design</b> Analysis of data obtained from the Russian State statistics committee for 1991-2001. All cause mortality was compared between seven federal regions. Comparison of cause specific rates was conducted for young (15-34 years) and middle aged adults (35-69 years). The number of Russian adults who died before age 70 in the period 1992-2001 and whose deaths were attributable to increased mortality was calculated. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Age, sex, and cause specific mortality standardised to the world population. <b>Results</b> Mortality increased substantially after the economic crisis in 1998, with life expectancy falling to 58.9 years among men and 71.8 years among women by 2001. Most of these fluctuations were due to changes in mortality from vascular disease and violent deaths (mainly suicides, homicides, unintentional poisoning, and traffic incidents) among young and middle aged adults. Trends were similar in all parts of Russia. An extra 2.5-3 million Russian adults died in middle age in the period 1992-2001 than would have been expected based on 1991 mortality. <b>Conclusions</b> Russian mortality was already high in 1991 and has increased further in the subsequent decade. Fluctuations in mortality seem to correlate strongly with underlying economic and societal factors. On an individual level, alcohol consumption is strongly implicated in being at least partially responsible for many of these trends.
Severe Extrapyramidal Reaction to Perphenazine Treated with Diphenhydramine
Authors: Martin J. Smith, Michael M. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PERPHENAZINE and other phenothiazines are widely used for their potent antiemetic and tranquilizing properties. Various toxic reactions to these agents have been reported. To enhance the therapeutic usefulness of this class of drugs, it is necessary to discover effective methods of coping with their side effects. This paper reports a case in which diphenhydramine§ produced rapid relief of a severe dystonic reaction to perphenazine.¶Case ReportA 39-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room of Methodist Hospital on August 19, 1960, in acute distress because of involuntary protrusion of the tongue and muscle spasm of 90 minutes' duration.He . . .
IMPACT REGISTRY: FIRST REVIEW OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE WITH RESPECT TO DEVICE CLOSURE OF ASD AND PDA
Authors: John W.M. Moore, Robert Vincent, Robert Beekman, Lisa Bergersen, Lee Benson, Ralf Holzer, Kathy Jenkins, Richard Ringel, Jonathan Rome, Jim Beachy, Gerard Martin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Osteoarthritis: the cause not result of joint failure?
Authors: C W Hutton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

HypothesisOsteoarthritis: The cause not result of joint failure?Osteoarthritis is an enigmatic condition as it is at once simple and complex.It seems simple as trauma is sufficient to produce its major features, but it becomes complex when we try to understand both 'primary' osteoarthritis and why the processes that are features of osteoarthritis develop.An enormous amount of information is available on the epidemiology, clinical picture, pathology, and biochemistry of osteoarthritis, but the problem is to see the patterns linking that information.Observation has established a set of features of osteoarthritis that any satisfactory hypothesis needs to explain.Osteoarthritis is characterised by joint destruction with cartilage loss and occasional gross derange- ment of the joint's integrity. 1Osteoarthritis is homogeneous, ubiquitous, and related to age.2 3 The anatomical, histological, and biochemical fea- tures are present and constant to a remarkable degree in osteoarthritis at different sites and in different animals and animal models, though they may vary quantitatively.Paradoxically also, although osteoarthritis shows extraordinary diver- sity, it is heterogeneous, and this is shown in its aetiology.Joint insult of almost any kind may produce osteoarthritis.Cartilage abnormality from amino acid metabolism in ochronosis, trauma, and pre-existing inflammatory osteoarthritis may all produce this seemingly common pathway of a joint reacting to 'failure'.The clinical picture, pathology, and natural history are also very varied."4Osteoarthritis has a characteristic joint distribu- tion that is both spatial and temporal.Joints that are copyright.