tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EU starts campaign on noise before it introduces lower workplace limits
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The European Union has launched a campaign to reduce noise levels across the continent, backed by new mandatory rules on the maximum permitted decibel levels at work.

According to the World Health Organization hearing loss caused by noise is “the most prevalent irreversible industrial disease.” In the EU alone it is estimated that more than 13 million people—employed not just in heavy industry but in education, entertainment, and the services sector—have impaired hearing from workplace noise.

Vladimir Spidla, the EU commissioner for social affairs, has endorsed the campaign. He said: …
GONORRHEA IN BOYS.
Authors: ABRAHAM L. WOLBARST
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Of late the number of cases of gonorrhea in boys has been so large in some quarters that it has attracted more than passing notice, both as to the cause of their occurrence and to their general behavior and treatment. Within the past two years, twenty-two cases have come under my supervision, in patients ranging in age from 18 months to 12 years. For purposes of scientific accuracy, the secretions were stained by the Gram method, and examined for the Neisser gonococcus, and in each case, without a question of doubt, the specific germ was found. In addition to the evidence furnished by the microscope, the clinical symptoms were carefully noted, and, when combined with the microscopic testimony, left no room for doubt as to the true nature of the infection. It is commonly maintained that the source of infection, in the majority of juvenile cases, can be traced to
The physician-scientist, the state, and the oath: thoughts for our times
Authors: B. S. Coller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Triggered by an encounter with survivors of the studies on twins conducted in Auschwitz by Joseph Mengele, who held both MD and PhD degrees, I offer thoughts on the extraordinary powers physician-scientists have to enhance or degrade human dignity. Biomedical science lacks intrinsic morality, but attains moral status by virtue of its purpose and the ethical framework that controls its conduct, both of which derive from the principles of medical humanism codified in the physician's oath. Physician-scientists have responsibilities to humankind that transcend the state. Careful analysis of historical examples of abuses of human rights committed in the name of medical science or the state is an important mechanism to safeguard current and future human participants.
Aortic input impedance in man: acute response to vasodilator drugs.
Authors: W Gundel, G Cherry, B Rajagopalan, L B Tan, G Lee, D Schultz
Journal: Circulation (1981)

In 18 patients who underwent coronary arteriography, aortic velocity and pressure data were obtained during a control state and during either isoproterenol infusion at 1, 2 and 3 micrograms/min or graded nitroprusside infusion (average peak dose 60 micrograms/min). Impedance moduli and phase angles were derived to 10 Hz for controls states, isoproterenol at 2 micrograms/min, and at peak nitroprusside effect. Averaged control data included a mean resistance of 1460 dyn-sec-cm-5 and a characteristic impedance of 88 dyn-sec-cm-5 The characteristic impedance did not correlate with age (r = 0.21), coronary artery disease score (r = 0.17) or mean aortic pressure (r = -0.01). In 11 patients, isoproterenol induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 10% reduction in mean aortic pressure. There was slight reduction in characteristic impedance and phase angles became less negative, to 2 Hz. In seven patients, nitroprusside induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 22% reduction in mean aortic pressure. Impedance moduli decreased to 1.8 Hz and phase angles became less negative, to 3 Hz. Based on the different cardiovascular actions of these two drugs, the data suggest that vasodilators do not induce significant changes in the aortic impedance spectrum when not associated with a decrease in mean aortic pressure.
The Soluble Form of IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein Enhances the Ability of Soluble Type II IL-1 Receptor to Inhibit IL-1 Action
Authors: Dirk E. Smith, Roberta Hanna, None Della Friend, Heather Moore, Hongbo Chen, Ann M. Farese, Thomas J. MacVittie, G.Duke Virca, John E. Sims
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Myocardial Dysfunction in Donor Hearts
Authors: Virginia J. Owen, Paul B. J. Burton, Martin C. Michel, Oliver Zolk, Michael Böhm, John R. Pepper, Paul J. R. Barton, Magdi H. Yacoub, Sian E. Harding
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Potential cardiac donors show various degrees of myocardial dysfunction, and the most severely affected hearts are unsuitable for transplantation. The cause of this acute heart failure is poorly understood. We investigated whether alterations in calcium-handling proteins, β-adrenoceptor density, or the inhibitory G protein G iα could account for this phenomenon in unused donor hearts (n=4 to 8). We compared these with end-stage failing hearts (n=14 to 16) and nonfailing hearts (n=3 to 12). Methods and Results —Myocardial samples were obtained from unused donor hearts displaying ejection fractions &lt;30%. Both trabeculae and isolated myocytes responded as poorly as those from the group of failing hearts to increasing stimulation frequency with regard to inotropic function in vitro. Immunodetectable abundance of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase and sodium calcium exchanger were greater (177%; P &lt;0.01) and smaller (29%; P &lt;0.01), respectively, in the unused donor hearts relative to the failing group, which suggests that alterations of these proteins are not a common cause of contractile dysfunction in the 2 groups. Myocytes from the unused donor group were desensitized to isoprenaline to a similar degree as those from the failing heart group. However, β-adrenoceptor density was reduced in the failing ( P &lt;0.001) but not in the unused donor heart group ( P =0.37) relative to the nonfailing heart group (n=5). G iα activity was increased in samples from unused donor and failing hearts relative to nonfailing hearts ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —Increased activity of the inhibitory G protein G iα is a significant contributory factor for impaired contractility in these acutely failing donor hearts.
Pott Puffy Tumor Associated With Intranasal Methamphetamine
Authors: Peyman Banooni
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
β<sup>S</sup> gene in sicily is in linkage disequilibrium with the benin haplotype: Implications for gene flow
Authors: Angela Ragusa, Mario Lombardo, Grazia Sortino, Turi Lombardo, Ronald L. Nagel, Dominique Labie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Hemoglobin β‐like gene cluster haplotypes defined by restriction enzyme polymorphic sites are useful in determining the origin of the β S gene found in several human populations. We present here evidence that the β S gene found among Sicilians is associated with the same haplotype observed among sickle cell anemia patients from Central West Africa. In addition, this haplotype is either nonexistent or very rare among normal Sicilian individuals. We conclude that the β S gene was introduced to Sicily from North Africa and that the gene flow originated in Central West Africa and traveled north through historically well‐defined trans‐Saharan commercial routes.
Low insulin-like growth factor-I predicts wasting, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation in chronic heart failure
Authors: J. Niebauer, C.D. Pilaum, C. Strasburger, P.A. Poole-Wilson, A.J.S. Coats, S.D. Ankor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Acute Brucellosis among Laboratory Workers
Authors: Calderon Howe, Edward S. Miller, Emily H. Kelly, Henry L. Bookwalter, Harold V. Ellingson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

UNDULANT fever occurs frequently among laboratory workers handling cultures of Brucella organisms.1 This report is a summary of such infections in 17 persons engaged in investigative work with these organisms. The organization of the laboratories at Camp Detrick made it possible to gather serologic data before infection. These cases offered an unusual opportunity to observe the clinical course of this disease from the onset of illness and to submit several chemotherapeutic agents to clinical trial.A Brucella vaccine was given to all members of the laboratory group, including the 17 who subsequently contracted brucellosis. Vaccination produced changes in the agglutination . . .
The direct antiglobulin test: A critical step in the evaluation of hemolysis
Authors: Nicole D. Zantek, Scott A. Koepsell, Daryl R. Tharp, Claudia S. Cohn
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is a laboratory test that detects immunoglobulin and/or complement on the surface of red blood cells. The utility of the DAT is to sort hemolysis into an immune or nonimmune etiology. As with all tests, DAT results must be viewed in light of clinical and other laboratory data. This review highlights the most common clinical situations where the DAT can help classify causes of hemolysis, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, transfusion-related hemolysis, hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, passenger lymphocyte syndrome, and DAT-negative hemolytic anemia. In addition, the pitfalls and limitations of the test are addressed. False reactions may occur with improper technique, including improper washing, centrifugation, and specimen agitation at the time of result interpretation. Patient factors, such as spontaneous red blood cell agglutination, may also contribute to false results.
Comprehensive Discharge Planning and Home Follow-up of Hospitalized Elders
Authors: Mary D. Naylor, Dorothy Brooten, Roberta Campbell, Barbara S. Jacobsen, Mathy D. Mezey, Mark V. Pauly, J. Sanford Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Comprehensive discharge planning by advanced practice nurses has demonstrated short-term reductions in readmissions of elderly patients, but the benefits of more intensive follow-up of hospitalized elders at risk for poor outcomes after discharge has not been studied.To examine the effectiveness of an advanced practice nurse-centered discharge planning and home follow-up intervention for elders at risk for hospital readmissions.Randomized clinical trial with follow-up at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after index hospital discharge.Two urban, academically affiliated hospitals in Philadelphia, Pa.Eligible patients were 65 years or older, hospitalized between August 1992 and March 1996, and had 1 of several medical and surgical reasons for admission.Intervention group patients received a comprehensive discharge planning and home follow-up protocol designed specifically for elders at risk for poor outcomes after discharge and implemented by advanced practice nurses.Readmissions, time to first readmission, acute care visits after discharge, costs, functional status, depression, and patient satisfaction.A total of 363 patients (186 in the control group and 177 in the intervention group) were enrolled in the study; 70% of intervention and 74% of control subjects completed the trial. Mean age of sample was 75 years; 50% were men and 45% were black. By week 24 after the index hospital discharge, control group patients were more likely than intervention group patients to be readmitted at least once (37.1 % vs 20.3 %; P<.001). Fewer intervention group patients had multiple readmissions (6.2% vs 14.5%; P = .01) and the intervention group had fewer hospital days per patient (1.53 vs 4.09 days; P<.001). Time to first readmission was increased in the intervention group (P<.001). At 24 weeks after discharge, total Medicare reimbursements for health services were about $1.2 million in the control group vs about $0.6 million in the intervention group (P<.001). There were no significant group differences in post-discharge acute care visits, functional status, depression, or patient satisfaction.An advanced practice nurse-centered discharge planning and home care intervention for at-risk hospitalized elders reduced readmissions, lengthened the time between discharge and readmission, and decreased the costs of providing health care. Thus, the intervention demonstrated great potential in promoting positive outcomes for hospitalized elders at high risk for rehospitalization while reducing costs.
<i>In situ</i>Stimulation of CD40 and Toll-like Receptor 3 Transforms Ovarian Cancer–Infiltrating Dendritic Cells from Immunosuppressive to Immunostimulatory Cells
Authors: Uciane K. Scarlett, Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz, Yolanda C. Nesbeth, Diana G. Martinez, Xavier Engle, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Cory L. Ahonen, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Boosting therapeutically relevant immunity against lethal epithelial tumors may require targeting tumor-induced immunosuppression on an individualized basis. Here, we show that, in the ovarian carcinoma microenvironment, CD11c(+)MHC-II(+) dendritic cells spontaneously engulf tumor materials but, rather than enhancing antitumor immunity, suppress T-cell function. In situ costimulation of CD40 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 on tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells decreased their L-arginase activity, enhanced their production of type I IFN and interleukin-12 (p70), augmented their capacity to process antigens, and up-regulated costimulatory molecules in vivo in mice and in vitro in human dissociated tumors. Synergistic CD40/TLR activation also induced the migration of activated dendritic cells to lymphatic locations and promoted their capacity to present antigens. Correspondingly, without exogenous antigen, combined CD40/TLR agonists boosted measurable T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and induced the rejection of otherwise lethal i.p. ovarian carcinomas. Our results highlight the potential of transforming tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (the most abundant leukocyte subset in the solid ovarian carcinoma microenvironment) from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory cell type. Combined administration of synergistic CD40 and TLR3 agonists could enhance their individual therapeutic effects against ovarian and other lethal epithelial cancers.
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 induces Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration
Authors: S.A. Aljubran, R. Cox, P. Tamarapu Parthasarathy, G. Kr, S.M. Mohapatra, R. Lockey, N. Kolliputi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prenatal Methylmercury, Postnatal Lead Exposure, and Evidence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Inuit Children in Arctic Québec
Authors: Olivier Boucher, Sandra W. Jacobson, Pierrich Plusquellec, Éric Dewailly, Pierre Ayotte, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Joseph L. Jacobson, Gina Muckle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with impaired performance on attention tasks in previous studies, but the extent to which these cognitive deficits translate into behavioral problems in the classroom and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unknown. By contrast, lead (Pb) exposure in childhood has been associated with ADHD and disruptive behaviors in several studies.Objectives: In this study we examined the relation of developmental exposure to MeHg, PCBs, and Pb to behavioral problems at school age in Inuit children exposed through their traditional diet.Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study conducted in the Canadian Arctic, exposure to contaminants was measured at birth and at school age. An assessment of child behavior (n = 279; mean age = 11.3 years) was obtained from the child’s classroom teacher on the Teacher Report Form (TRF) from the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBD).Results: Cord blood mercury concentrations were associated with higher TRF symptom scores for attention problems and DBD scores consistent with ADHD. Current blood Pb concentrations were associated with higher TRF symptom scores for externalizing problems and with symptoms of ADHD (hyperactive-impulsive type) based on the DBD.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify an association between prenatal MeHg and ADHD symptomatology in childhood and the first to replicate previously reported associations between low-level childhood Pb exposure and ADHD in a population exposed to Pb primarily from dietary sources.
Progressive Coxsackie Viral Pancarditis and Nephritis
Authors: G. E. BURCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A patient had clinical features of progressive pancarditis and nephritis. The illness and subsequent death followed a course initiated by a viral infection with Coxsackie virus B4. Detailed gross, histologic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescent studies indicated the Coxsackie virus B4 antigen was found within areas of maximal damage in the aortic valve, myocardium, pericardium, and kidneys. A reactivated or progressive viral infection probably caused the death of this patient. The role of Coxsackie B viruses and that of other viruses in the production of heart and real disease are discussed. Further clinicopathologic investigations are needed in this area.
Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Stress Through the Upregulation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Shinji Negoro, Keita Kunisada, Yasushi Fujio, Masanobu Funamoto, Martine I. Darville, Décio L. Eizirik, Tomoaki Osugi, Masahiro Izumi, Yuichi Oshima, Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Hisao Hirota, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are resistant to doxorubicin-induced damage. The STAT3 signal may be involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods and Results The effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or adenovirus-mediated transfection of constitutively activated STAT3 (caSTAT3) on the intracellular ROS formation induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were examined using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Either LIF treatment or caSTAT3 significantly suppressed the increase of H/R-induced ROS evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence. To assess whether ROS are really involved in H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury, the amount of creatine phosphokinase in cultured medium was examined. Both LIF treatment and caSTAT3 significantly decreased H/R-induced creatine phosphokinase release. These results indicate that the gp130/STAT3 signal protects H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury by scavenging ROS generation. To investigate the mechanism of scavenging ROS, the effects of LIF on the induction of antioxidant enzymes were examined. LIF treatment significantly increased the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA, whereas the expression of the catalase and glutathione peroxidase genes were unaffected. This induction of MnSOD mRNA expression was completely blocked by adenovirus-mediated transfection of dominant-negative STAT3. Moreover, caSTAT3 augmented MnSOD mRNA and its enzyme activity. In addition, the antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide to MnSOD significantly inhibited both LIF and caSTAT3-mediated protective effects. Conclusions The activation of STAT3 induces a protective effect on H/R-induced cardiomyocyte damage, mainly by inducting MnSOD. The STAT3-mediated signal is proposed as a therapeutical target of ROS-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
Acute Care Utilization and Rehospitalizations for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: David C. Brousseau, Pamela L. Owens, Andrew L. Mosso, Julie A. Panepinto, Claudia A. Steiner
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Published rates of health care utilization and rehospitalization by people with sickle cell disease have had limited generalizability and are not population based.<h3>Objective</h3>To provide benchmark data for rates of acute care utilization and rehospitalizations for patients with sickle cell disease.<h3>Design</h3>Retrospective cohort of sickle cell disease–related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations from select states in the 2005 and 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases.<h3>Setting</h3>Eight geographically dispersed states (Arizona, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, South Carolina, and Tennessee) that provide encrypted identifiers and have sufficient numbers of patients with sickle cell disease; together these states have 33% of the US population with sickle cell disease.<h3>Patients</h3>A total of 21 112 patients with sickle cell–related treat-and-release ED visits or inpatient hospitalizations.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Rates of acute care utilization and rehospitalizations. Population-based utilization rates were also calculated.<h3>Results</h3>The 21 112 people with sickle cell disease had 109 344 encounters, a mean of 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.53-2.65) encounters per patient per year, 1.52 (95% CI, 1.48-1.55) encounters for hospitalizations and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.11) for treat-and-release ED visits. Utilization was highest for 18- to 30-year-olds, 3.61 (95% CI, 3.47-3.75) encounters per patient per year, and those with public insurance, 3.22 (95% CI, 3.13-3.31) encounters per patient per year. Publicly insured 18- to 30-year-olds had 4.80 (95% CI, 4.58-5.02) encounters per patient per year. Approximately 29% of the population had no encounters while 16.9% had 3 or more encounters per year. The 30-day and 14-day rehospitalization rates were 33.4% (95% CI, 33.0%-33.8%) and 22.1% (95% CI, 21.8%-22.4%), respectively. The rehospitalization rate was highest for 18- to 30-year-olds, with 41.1% (95% CI, 40.5%-41.7%) rehospitalized within 30 days and 28.4% (95% CI, 27.8%-29.0%) within 14 days. Rehospitalizations were also highest for publicly insured patients.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among patients with sickle cell disease, acute care encounters and rehospitalizations were frequent, particularly for 18- to 30-year-olds.