tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurotensin—regulated miR-133α is involved in proinflammatory signalling in human colonic epithelial cells and in experimental colitis
Authors: Ivy Ka Man Law, Kyriaki Bakirtzi, Christos Polytarchou, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Daniel Hommes, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Charalabos Pothoulakis
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Neurotensin (NT) mediates colonic inflammation through its receptor neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1). NT stimulates miR-133α expression in colonic epithelial cells. We investigated the role of miR-133α in NT-associated colonic inflammation in vitro and in vivo. <h3>Design</h3> miR-133α and aftiphilin (AFTPH) levels were measured by quantitative PCR. Antisense (as)-miR-133α was administrated intracolonicaly prior to induction of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The effect of AFTPH was examined by gene silencing in vitro. <h3>Results</h3> NT increased miR-133α levels in NCM-460 overexpressing NTR1 (NCM460-NTR1) and HCT-116 cells. NT-induced p38, ERK1/2, c-Jun, and NF-κB activation, as well as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in NCM-460-NTR1 cells were reduced in miR-133α-silenced cells, while overexpression of miR-133α reversed these effects. MiR-133α levels were increased in TNBS (2 day) and DSS (5 day) colitis, while NTR1 deficient DSS-exposed mice had reduced miR-133α levels, compared to wild-type colitic mice. Intracolonic as-miR-133α attenuated several parameters of colitis as well expression of proinflammatory mediators in the colonic mucosa. In silico search coupled with qPCR identified AFTPH as a downstream target of miR-133α, while NT decreased AFTPH expression in NCM-460-NTR1 colonocytes. Gene silencing of AFTPH enhanced NT-induced proinflammatory responses and AFTPH levels were downregulated in experimental colitis. Levels of miR-133α were significantly upregulated, while AFTPH levels were downregulated in colonic biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis compared to controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> NT-associated colitis and inflammatory signalling are regulated by miR-133α-AFTPH interactions. Targeting of miR-133α or AFTPH may represent a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
Lambarene Without Schweitzer
Authors: Eugene Schoenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The terminal illness of Albert Schweitzer was caused primarily by cerebral vascular insufficiency which manifested itself quite abruptly on August 28, 1965 with impairment of consciousness and of cerebral regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. During the preceding week he had seemed more fatigued than usual, with some unsteadiness on his feet. On the evening of August 29, because in his semi-comatose condition he was unable to take sufficient fluid by mouth, he was given an intravenous infusion of physiologically-balanced electrolyte solution, slowly through the night. For the most part thereafter he remained semi-comatose and bed-ridden, with transient periods of increased reactivity. Until September 3, he was able to take clear fluids, including beer (which he had asked for) in small amounts by mouth. His blood pressure was well maintained until nearly the end, and an electrocardiogram on 2 September revealed no evidence of myocardial infarction. On 3 September, his
Rat hepatocyte aquaporin-8 water channels are down-regulated in extrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Flavia I. Carreras, Sergio A. Gradilone, Amelia Mazzone, Fabiana García, Bing Q. Huang, J. Elena Ochoa, Pamela S. Tietz, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Giuseppe Calamita, Raúl A. Marinelli
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatocytes express the water channel aquaporin-8 (AQP8), which is mainly localized in intracellular vesicles, and its adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-induced translocation to the plasma membrane facilitates osmotic water movement during canalicular bile secretion. Thus, defective expression of AQP8 may be associated with secretory dysfunction of hepatocytes caused by extrahepatic cholestasis. We studied the effect of 1, 3, and 7 days of bile duct ligation (BDL) on protein expression, subcellular localization, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of AQP8; this was determined in rat livers by immunoblotting in subcellular membranes, light immunohistochemistry, immunogold electron microscopy, and Northern blotting. One day of BDL did not affect expression or subcellular localization of AQP8. Three days of BDL reduced the amount of intracellular AQP8 (75%; P < .001) without affecting its plasma membrane expression. Seven days after BDL, AQP8 was markedly decreased in intracellular (67%; P < .05) and plasma (56%; P < .05) membranes. Dibutyryl cAMP failed to increase AQP8 in plasma membranes from liver slices, suggesting a defective translocation of AQP8 in 7-day BDL rats. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy in liver sections confirmed the BDL-induced decreased expression of hepatocyte AQP8 in intracellular vesicles and canalicular membranes. AQP8 mRNA expression was unaffected by 1-day BDL but was significantly increased by about 200% in 3- and 7-day BDL rats, indicating a posttranscriptional mechanism for protein level reduction. In conclusion, BDL-induced extrahepatic cholestasis caused posttranscriptional down-regulation of hepatocyte AQP8 protein expression. Defective expression of AQP8 water channels may contribute to bile secretory dysfunction of cholestatic hepatocytes.
US states consider execution by nitrogen gas as lethal injections grind to a halt
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The long campaign to prevent the use of medicines in executions by lethal injection seems to be nearing success, as several of the largest US states have admitted that they are unable to carry out scheduled executions using lethal injection after a concerted refusal by drug makers to let their products be used for the purpose.

But, instead of abandoning the death penalty, states are turning to other execution methods, old and new. Oklahoma’s state House of Representatives this week passed, by 85 to 10, a bill to adopt a completely new method of execution, asphyxiation by nitrogen gas. The technique has long been advocated by death penalty proponents who say that it is cheap and painless.

“It’s probably the best thing we’ve come up with since the start of executing people by government,” Mike Christian, a Republican state representative who sponsored the bill, told the Oklahoman newspaper.

Executions are currently stalled in Oklahoma, …
Reduced space constant in slowly conducting regions of chronically infarcted canine myocardium.
Authors: J F Spear, E L Michelson, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that a reduction in the space constant contributes to slow conduction in the infarcted myocardium of dogs 5-8 days after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Standard microelectrode techniques were used to measure action potential characteristics and conduction velocity parallel to fiber orientation in normal and infarcted ventricular epicardial strips superfused in a tissue bath. The space constants were determined by measuring the decay of the transmembrane steady state electrotonic potential with distance from a suction electrode current source. In eight normal epicardial preparations, conduction velocity ranged between 0.305 and 0.603 m/sec, and the space constant was between 0.712 and 1.202 mm. In 10 infarcted epicardial preparations, in regions of slow conduction (0.032-0.299 m/sec), the space constant was reduced to values between 0.281 and 0.917 mm. Action potential amplitude and maximum rate of depolarization were also reduced in infarcted myocardium. There was a direct relationship between conduction velocity and space constant and maximum rate of depolarization. In infarcted tissues, two types of slow conduction occurred. Slow conduction was uniform down to a velocity of approximately 0.181 m/sec, and a space constant of 0.523 mm. Below these values, conduction was discontinuous with prepotentials associated with the action potential upstroke. Indirect evidence from our studies suggests that a depression in action potential depolarization and an increase in effective axial resistance contribute approximately equally to uniform slow conduction in the infarcted myocardium.
Health Reform for the 21st Century?&lt;subtitle&gt;It May Have to Wait Until the 21st Century&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Peter P. Budetti
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To assess the likelihood of health care legislation in the forthcoming 105th Congress in 5 areas: health care coverage, tax and Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) policy, Medicaid, Medicare, and managed care.Informal, semistructured conversations that took place in the months prior to the 1996 elections.Congressional health staff and administration officials.Unofficial, off-the-record personal opinions.Health care coverage initiatives to benefit children and unemployed persons are likely to be proposed, but have little chance of enactment; children are seen as well provided for under current Medicaid law, the strong economy and high employment levels lower concern for unemployed issues, and the effort required to pass the Kassebaum-Kennedy legislation needs time to settle. Tax proposals, such as medical savings accounts (MSAs), and ERISA amendments have no constituency; also, the MSA demonstration in Kassebaum-Kennedy will forestall further action. Medicaid is far less an issue than in the previous Congress, because spending has fallen unexpectedly, the bitter fight over block grants makes them unlikely to be revisited, and the administration is likely to enhance state flexibility through waivers. Medicare will be the subject of substantial action to defer impending insolvency temporarily, but there is virtually no chance that definitive long-term solutions will be enacted even though the underlying fiscal problems are thoroughly understood and recognized. Managed care will be the venue for numerous proposals designed to address specific consumer and quality issues.Four bitter years of fighting over health care issues has raised awareness of the problems, but has produced a political chemistry that is too rancorous to permit passage of significant legislation in the near future.
Imatinib mesylate inhibits the profibrogenic activity of TGF-β and prevents bleomycin-mediated lung fibrosis
Authors: Craig E. Daniels, Mark C. Wilkes, Maryanne Edens, Ted J. Kottom, Stephen J. Murphy, Andrew H. Limper, Edward B. Leof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal fibrotic disease of the lungs with unclear etiology. Prior efforts to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that focused on anti-inflammatory therapy have not proven to be effective. Recent insight suggests that the pathogenesis is mediated through foci of dysregulated fibroblasts driven by profibrotic cytokine signaling. TGF-β and PDGF are 2 of the most potent of these cytokines. In the current study, we investigated the role of TGF-β–induced fibrosis mediated by activation of the Abelson (Abl) tyrosine kinase. Our data indicate that fibroblasts respond to TGF-β by stimulating c-Abl kinase activity independently of Smad2/3 phosphorylation or PDGFR activation. Moreover, inhibition of c-Abl by imatinib prevented TGF-β–induced ECM gene expression, morphologic transformation, and cell proliferation independently of any effect on Smad signaling. Further, using a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found a significant inhibition of lung fibrosis by imatinib. Thus, Abl family members represent common targets for the modulation of profibrotic cytokine signaling.
In vivo treatment with monoclonal antibody 3.2.3 selectively eliminates natural killer cells in rats.
Authors: M R van den Brink, L E Hunt, J C Hiserodt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We recently described a mAb 3.2.3 (IgG1), that recognizes a 60-kD dimeric molecule expressed exclusively on fresh and rIL-2-activated NK cells and polymorphonuclear cells. mAb 3.2.3 enhances cytolytic activity of NK cells against selected FcR+ tumor target cells by reverse antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), indicating that it recognizes an important triggering site on NK cells. The in vivo treatment of F344 rats with mAb 3.2.3 intraperitoneally completely and selectively eliminated NK/ADCC function in the spleen and peripheral blood for up to 10 d after treatment. Total numbers and percentages of T cells, monocytes, or PMN were not decreased and T cell function, as determined by Con A stimulation, was not affected. The reduction in NK function was associated with a decrease in the numbers of LGL and the expression of other NK-related cell surface markers including CD2, CD8, and asialo GM1. Depletion of NK cells with 3.2.3 markedly decreased the survival of F344 rats injected intravenously with MADB106 mammary adenocarcinoma cells, but did not affect the subcutaneous growth of MADB106 tumors. These results indicate that mAb 3.2.3 (in contrast to anti-asialo GM1 and OX8, which are less selective markers) will be useful for studies on the functional role of NK cells in vivo as well as their in vivo differentiation and origin from 3.2.3- precursors.
INFECTIONS OF THE LIP
Authors: MAURICE KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It was my experience, in 1922, to see three fatal cases of lip infection: <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —A man, aged 24, seen in consultation, May 6, noticed a pimple on the left side of the upper lip, May 1, which he picked open with a needle and squeezed. On the 2d there was slight swelling of the lip, and the opening and squeezing were repeated. On the 4th, the swelling was marked and a physician was consulted, who made a small opening with a scalpel and squeezed out only a drop or two of pus. The swelling continued to increase, and when I saw the patient the afternoon of May 6, the upper lip was greatly swollen, with the incisional wound 1 cm. long, about the center of the left half of the lip, pouting, and the tissue gangrenous looking. The swelling involved the entire left side of
LIMITATIONS IN THE USE OF ROENTGEN EXAMINATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Paul C. Swenson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Within two years after Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray, Cannon studied the movements of the stomach and intestines of cats on the fluoroscopic screen after giving them food mixed with bismuth subnitrate. Shortly thereafter, Francis Williams applied a similar technique to human subjects, and an important and extremely useful method for examination of the digestive tract had its beginning. Today, the conventional fluoroscopic and radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract remains the safest and the most informative study of this system; however, this method of examination is by no means absolute, for there are many inherent limitations. In many instances, varying with the anatomy of the subject examined and the conditions under which the examination is conducted, little credence should be attached to certain indefinite findings or to a negative study. Therefore, just as it is true that pathological change cannot be correctly interpreted when normal variants are not known,
Physiological strains remodel extracellular matrix and cell–cell adhesion in osteoblastic cells cultured on alumina-coated titanium alloy
Authors: Fabrice Di Palma, Annette Chamson, Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust, Paul Jouffray, Odile Sabido, Sylvie Peyroche, Laurence Vico, Aline Rattner
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Motor-evoked potentials in awake rats are a valid method of assessing hepatic encephalopathy and of studying its pathogenesis
Authors: Marc Oria, Nicolas Chatauret, Laia Chavarria, Jordi Romero-Giménez, Lluis Palenzuela, Benjamin Pardo-Yules, José Antonio Arranz, Guillermo Bodega, Núria Raguer, Juan Córdoba
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are limited by difficulties in objectively monitoring neuronal function. There are few models that examine a well-defined neuronal pathway and lack the confounding effects of anesthetics. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) assess the function of the motor tract, which has been shown to be impaired in patients with cirrhosis. MEPs were elicited by cranial stimulation (central) and compound motor action potential by sciatic nerve stimulation (peripheral) in several models of HE in the rat. The experiments were performed using subcutaneous electrodes without anesthetics. Brain water content was assessed by gravimetry, brain metabolites were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and amino acids in microdialysates from the frontal cortex were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Abnormalities of MEP were observed in acute liver failure (ALF) induced by hepatic devascularization in relation to the progression of neurological manifestations. Similar disturbances were seen in rats with portocaval anastomosis after the administration of blood or lipopolysaccharide, but were absent in rats with biliary duct ligation. Hypothermia (≤35°C) and mannitol prevented the development of brain edema in acute liver failure, but only hypothermia avoided the decrease in the amplitude of MEP. Disturbances of MEP caused by the administration of blood into the gastrointestinal tract in rats with portocaval anastomosis were associated with an increase in ammonia, glutamine, and glutamate in brain microdialysate.Assessment of MEP in awake rats is a valid method to monitor HE in models of ALF and precipitated HE. This method shows the lack of efficacy of mannitol, a therapy that decreases brain edema, and relates disturbances of the function of the motor tract to ammonia and its metabolites.
Particulate allergens potentiate allergic asthma in mice through sustained IgE-mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Cong Jin, Christopher P. Shelburne, Guojie Li, Erin N. Potts, Kristina J. Riebe, Gregory D. Sempowski, W. Michael Foster, Soman N. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and a cellular infiltrate dominated by eosinophils. Numerous epidemiological studies have related the exacerbation of allergic asthma with an increase in ambient inhalable particulate matter from air pollutants. This is because inhalable particles efficiently deliver airborne allergens deep into the airways, where they can aggravate allergic asthma symptoms. However, the cellular mechanisms by which inhalable particulate allergens (pAgs) potentiate asthmatic symptoms remain unknown, in part because most in vivo and in vitro studies exploring the pathogenesis of allergic asthma use soluble allergens (sAgs). Using a mouse model of allergic asthma, we found that, compared with their sAg counterparts, pAgs triggered markedly heightened pulmonary eosinophilia in allergen-sensitized mice. Mast cells (MCs) were implicated in this divergent response, as the differences in airway inflammatory responses provoked by the physical nature of the allergens were attenuated in MC-deficient mice. The pAgs were found to mediate MC-dependent responses by enhancing retention of pAg/IgE/FcεRI complexes within lipid raft–enriched, CD63+ endocytic compartments, which prolonged IgE/FcεRI-initiated signaling and resulted in heightened cytokine responses. These results reveal how the physical attributes of allergens can co-opt MC endocytic circuitry and signaling responses to aggravate pathological responses of allergic asthma in mice.
CEMENT AND OIL DERMATITIS. THE PART PLAYED BY CHROME SENSITIVITY.
Authors: F. E. ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article CEMENT AND OIL DERMATITIS. THE PART PLAYED BY CHROME SENSITIVITY. Get access F. E. ANDERSON, M.D. F. E. ANDERSON, M.D. Skin Department, Royal Victoria Hospital and The Queen's University of Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 3, 1 March 1960, Pages 108–117, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13855.x Published: 01 March 1960
Bone-Sparing Antibiotic?
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Japanese scientists report that the antibiotic reveromycin A appears to selectively kill osteoclasts, cells involved in resorbing bone tissue, a finding that may point to a new therapeutic approach for osteoporosis (Woo J et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:4729-4734).
Palpation of Umbilical Cord Through Abdominal Wall
Authors: L. Rankin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Background</h3> The Maternity Review for England highlighted the need for more accessible information to support decisions. This study assesses the effect of a decision support tool (DST) on women’s decision-making regarding birthplace. <h3>Methods</h3> A mixed method sequential exploratory design involving three phases and 169 women from a large UK maternity hospital. Phase one: A questionnaire survey pre and post-access to the DST examining knowledge level and stages of decision-making scale. Phase 2: Follow-up questionnaire at 28 weeks to enable the usefulness of Mybirthplace to be evaluated. Phase 3: Qualitative interviews with 10 purposely chosen women at 36 weeks gestation. Collection of data on actual birthplace. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study is the first to assess the effect of a DST in supporting women’s choice of place of birth.
Calmodulin expression during rat liver regeneration
Authors: Neus Agell, Maria Jesus Pujol, Antonia López-Girona, Marta Bosch, Jose Luis Rosa, Oriol Bachs
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We have investigated the messenger RNAs expressed from the three calmodulin genes during rat liver regeneration. The results revealed that all the calmodulin transcripts increased from 8 hr after a partial hepatectomy, although differences in the timing and the level of expression from the three genes were observed. Calmodulin I transcripts peaked at 16 hr, whereas calmodulin II and calmodulin III progressively increased from 8 to 24 hr. At 24 hr after surgery, calmodulin I, calmodulin II and the 2.3 kb calmodulin III transcripts reached values of a 6–fold increase, whereas the 0.8 kb product of calmodulin III increased 25–fold. At 30 hr the levels of all the calmodulin transcripts were similar to those observed at 24 hr. The transcription rates of the three calmodulin genes augmented after hepatectomy (calmodulin I and calmodulin II twofold and calmodulin III fourfold), indicating that the elevation of the calmodulin transcripts could be, at least partially, the result of this increase in the transcription rates. The total calmodulin concentration also increased twofold at 24 hr after hepatectomy. We also report that the administration of the β–adrenergic blocker, D, L–propranolol inhibited the accumulation of calmodulin protein without significantly affecting the increase of the messenger RNAs. These results indicate that the expression of calmodulin observed during liver regeneration could be regulated by cyclic AMP at the translational or post–translational level. (Hepatology 1994;20:1002-1008).
Animal metacognition? It's all in the methods
Authors: Sara J. Shettleworth, Jennifer E. Sutton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

When animals choose between completing a cognitive task and "escaping," proper interpretation of their behavior depends crucially on methodological details, including how forced and freely chosen tests are mixed and whether appropriate transfer tests are administered. But no matter how rigorous the test, it is impossible to go beyond functional similarity between human and nonhuman behaviors to certainty about human-like consciousness.