tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Third Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This is the second of three articles reviewing presentations at the 3rd Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, San Francisco, California, 17–19 November 2005.

At a symposium cosponsored by the International Society of Diabetes and Vascular Disease (www.dvdres.com), Peter Grant (Leeds, U.K.) discussed the role of insulin signaling pathways in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), pointing out that type 2 diabetes is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia, usually with obesity, accompanied by a clustering of CVD risk factors, with 80% of persons with type 2 diabetes dying of premature vascular disease. In persons with diabetes, glycemic abnormality is superimposed on the abnormalities of the insulin resistance sydrome, so that similar considerations apply to the larger group of persons with insulin resistance. Indeed, we may underestimate the importance of glycemic abnormality in cardiovascular disease (CVD), with recent studies suggesting that some 40% of persons with myocardial infarction have diabetes, with an additional 40% having impaired glucose tolerance (1). The cardiovascular manifestations of insulin resistance sydrome constitute a series of inflammatory atherothrombotic processes, with atherectomy specimen analysis showing more thrombus, more macrophage infiltration, and a greater area of lipid-rich atheroma in persons with diabetes (2). Furthermore, type 2 diabetes alters fibrin structure, coagulation, and platelets in a prothrombotic direction (3).

It is not apparent why insulin resistance should be linked to atherosclerosis. The thrifty genotype hypothesis suggests that there is a survival advantage to insulin resistance during periods of feast alternating with famine (4), but that chronic exposure to high nutrient intake converts the organism to the phenotype of insulin resistance sydrome and diabetes, with energy preferentially stored in the liver and in fat and with the clustering of risk markers we have come to identify with insulin resistance. The common-soil hypothesis suggests that diabetes and CVD are the same condition, …
Occurrence of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Authors: M L Selley, D J Bourne, M R Bartlett, K E Tymms, A S Brook, A M Duffield, N G Ardlie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

(E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a cytotoxic propagation product of lipid peroxidation, is present in the synovial fluid (0.54 (0.19) mumol/l; mean (SE), n = 9) and plasma (0.34 (0.09) mumol/l, n = 9) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This compound was also found in the synovial fluid (0.24 (0.19) mumol/l, n = 9) and plasma (0.09 (0.03) mumol/l, n = 9) of patients with osteoarthritis. The concentration of HNE in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significantly greater than in patients with osteoarthritis.
Diseases of the thyroid gland.
Authors: S L GARGILL, M F LESSES
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

SINCE 1942, when the last review of this subject appeared in the Journal, 1 there have been many important advances in the understanding of the biochemistry and physiology of the thyroid gland. In addition, a new group of substances that are goitrogenic and at the same time markedly depress thyroid function have been extensively investigated. Radio-iodine, which has been widely used in the investigation of thyroid physiology and iodine metabolism, has reached the stage of clinical usefulness in the treatment of toxic goiter. The value of blood iodine studies continues to be demonstrated, with chief emphasis on the protein-bound iodine of . . .
The expression and the regulatory role of OX40 and 4-1BB heterodimer in activated human T cells
Authors: Bruce Y. Ma, Sebastian A. Mikolajczak, Ali Danesh, Karoline A. Hosiawa, Cheryl M. Cameron, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Takashi Uchiyama, David J. Kelvin, Atsuo Ochi
Journal: Blood (2005)
AN ABDOMINO-INGUINAL SUPPORTER. FOR USE AFTER HERNIOTOMY.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

"The patient should not be allowed to get up until three weeks have elapsed after the operation and then only if the wound is sound. The question of a supporting bandage or a truss will then have to be considered."—Treves, "Manual of Operative Surgery," 1892, Vol. 2, page 530. "A spring truss should not be worn after the operation as its pressure tends to cause premature absorption of the lymph, but the abdominal wall requiresa certain amount of support for some months. In infants this may be managed with a skein of Berlin wool as already described; but for children and adults the form of appliance known as Harrison's truss answers best. It consists of a well fitting pelvic band and two short thigh pieces made of linen; like a pair of very short drawers fitting tightly and fastened with lacers; a perineal band prevents its ascending, and may in
Low-Pigment Skin Type and Predisposition for Development of Type I Diabetes
Authors: Anette C Ziegler, Hans-J Baumgartl, Georgia Ede, Martin Held, Hermann-J Vogt, Helmut J Kolb, Eberhard Standl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

To ascertain whether skin pigmentation type and sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light are associated with susceptibility to type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, 55 type I diabetic patients were examined, 38 new-onset and 17 long-term cases. They were compared to 72 control subjects of the same geographic region and nationality. To evaluate the individual skin pigmentation type, a standardized questionnaire was developed. Reactivity to UV light was determined by a stepwisegraded UV irradiation. Significantly more diabetic patients in southern Germany had blue eyes than nondiabetic control subjects (55 vs. 26%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and significantly more diabetic patients had a low-pigment eye color (blue or green) than control subjects (66 vs. 38%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). In addition, more fair skin color was noted among diabetic versus control subjects (84 vs. 60%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). In response to UV irradiation, diabetic patients more often snowed an increased UV-light sensitivity than control subjects (83 vs. 23%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The relative risk for susceptibility to type I diabetes in subjects with low-pigment eye color was 3.1, in subjects with fair skin type 3.4, and in subjects with increased UV-light sensitivity 5.8. The highest risk for the development of diabetes was seen in subjects who had low-pigment eye color and/or increased UV-light sensitivity (95 vs. 51%, P = 0.00002, odds ratio 17.4). We conclude that a low-pigment skin type may predispose for the development of type I diabetes.
Managing acute anaphylaxis
Authors: G. Hughes, P. Fitzharris
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Acute anaphylaxis is all too often poorly recognised and treated. Reasons for this include the wide (and sometimes surprisingly subtle) clinical manifestations; the rarity of presentation to any individual medical practitioner; and confusion arising from conflicting advice about the role, route, and dose of adrenaline (epinephrine). Adrenaline may not be given at all, even when it is clearly indicated. Although reliable epidemiological data on the incidence of acute anaphylaxis are lacking, emergency departments and emergency specialists have the biggest collective expertise and experience in its management. Against this background the new guidelines for the emergency treatment of acute anaphylactic reactions from the United Kingdom Resuscitation Council, published this month,1 are most welcome.

The guidelines provide clear guidance for first responders in general practice or emergency departments. Although they are not intended to replace specific guidelines developed for defined subgroups of patients receiving treatment with anaesthetic agents, contrast materials, or immunotherapy (desensitisation), they may well become popular among clinicians dealing with these patients.

The team that drew up the guidelines represented all the relevant clinical disciplines; this is important because, as the team points out, …
Inverse relationship of plasma C5a levels to allergic disease activity in pediatric but not adult populations
Authors: C. Charlot, C. Bowser, M. Castro, N. Mathur, O. Asimolowo, H. Drew, F. Hajee, S.M. Chice, M. Rao, M. Nowakowski, R. Joks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Latent Metastases From Occult Sclerosing Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Richard J. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1966)

During routine examination of cervical lymph nodes from two patients, small inclusions were discovered that had the histological appearance of normal thyroid tissue. However, these inclusions were interpreted as metastases from occult thyroid carcinoma, and thyroidectomies were performed. Thorough examination of the thyroid glands disclosed tiny sclerosing follicular carcinomas in both cases. The coexistence of two relatively rare processes in these two patients supports the conclusion that the lymph-node inclusions represent true metastases from the sclerosing carcinomas. This interpretation is at variance with the widely held opinion that small inclusions of thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes are non-neoplastic nests of little, if any, clinical significance.
Yaws or syphilis?
Authors: A L Pahor
Journal: BMJ (1979)

histamines, which were significantly associated with motorcycle accidents (although not with road accidents of all types).Dr Wheatley repeats his previous assertion' that general practitioners usually warn patients about possible effects of tranquillisers on driving skills, but he does not cite any evi- dence to support it.Unfortunately, the type of warning that he describes could not be relied on to prevent accidents, because it is postulated that tranquillisers "produce subtle effects undetected by the patient."In tests of low- speed vehicle handling, Betts and his col-leagues2 showed that drivers whose performance was affected by tranquillisers did not experience subjective effects.
Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer
Authors: Hanseul Yang, Chan Kim, Min-Ju Kim, Reto A Schwendener, Kari Alitalo, Warren Heston, Injune Kim, Wun-Jae Kim, Gou Young Koh
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background Most bladder cancer patients experience lymphatic metastasis in the course of disease progression, yet the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis is not well known. The aim of this study is to elucidate underlying mechanisms of how expanded lymphatic vessels and tumor microenvironment interacts each other and to find effective therapeutic options to inhibit lymphatic metastasis. Results The orthotopic urinary bladder cancer (OUBC) model was generated by intravesical injection of MBT-2 cell lines. We investigated the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and CD11b + /CD68 + tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) by using immunofluorescence staining. OUBC displayed a profound lymphangiogenesis and massive infiltration of TAM in primary tumor and lymphatic metastasis in lymph nodes. TAM flocked near lymphatic vessels and express higher levels of VEGF-C/D than CD11b - cells. Because VEGFR-3 was highly expressed in lymphatic vascular endothelial cells, TAM could assist lymphangiogenesis by paracrine manner in bladder tumor. VEGFR-3 expressing adenovirus was administered to block VEGF-C/D signaling pathway and clodronate liposome was used to deplete TAM. The blockade of VEGF-C/D with soluble VEGF receptor-3 markedly inhibited lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in OUBC. In addition, the depletion of TAM with clodronate liposome exerted similar effects on OUBC. Conclusion VEGF-C/D are the main factors of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Moreover, TAM plays an important role in these processes by producing VEGF-C/D. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could provide another therapeutic target to inhibit lymphatic metastasis and recurrence in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
Analgesic Use and Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Dale P. Sandler, Joanna C. Smith, Clarice R. Weinberg, Vardaman M. Buckalew, Vincent W. Dennis, William B. Blythe, W. Patrick Burgess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To examine the use of analgesics as a cause of chronic renal disease, we performed a multicenter case–control study of 554 adults with newly diagnosed kidney disease (serum creatinine, ≥130 μmol per liter [1.5 mg per deciliter]) and 516 matched control subjects selected randomly from the same area of North Carolina. Histories of use of analgesics (phenacetin, acetaminophen, and aspirin) were obtained by telephone interview with the patients or their proxies. Daily users of analgesics had significantly more renal disease than infrequent users (odds ratio, 2.79; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.85 to 4.21). The risk of renal disease was highest in daily users of phenacetin (odds ratio, 5.11; confidence interval, 1.76 to 14.9, after adjustment for the effects of other analgesics). The risk of renal disease was also increased in daily users of acetaminophen; after adjustment for the use of aspirin and phenacetin, the odds ratio was 3.21 (confidence interval, 1.05 to 9.80). There was no increased risk in daily aspirin users (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32; confidence interval, 0.69 to 2.51). The risks with daily use of either phenacetin or acetaminophen changed little after adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, and the indication for analgesic use. We conclude that the long-term, regular use of phenacetin may increase the risk of chronic renal disease. The long-term, daily use of acetaminophen, the major metabolite of phenacetin, is associated independently with an increased risk of chronic renal disease. We could find no increased risk in daily users of aspirin. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1238–43.)
Dx: Sickle Cell Anemia With Iron Deficiency Rx: Withhold Iron!!??
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Thalassemia, a quantitative hemoglobinopathy, plagues more racial groups and victims than the better-publicized qualitative hemoglobinopathy, sickle cell disease. These genetic diseases with their permutations afflict unnumbered millions the world over. The sickle hemoglobin phenotypes in descending order of their prevalence are AS, SS, SC, and S/β-thalassemia. Any physician may encounter one or another of these hemoglobinopathies among his patients. Natta and co-workers discuss in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1442) the differential diagnostic problem presented by two mimetic phenotypes, homozygous S, or sickle cell anemia (SCA), and the doubly heterozygous hemoglobinopathy, S/β-thalassemia. Even more intriguing is the unusual management by these authors of withholding iron therapy in their patient with SCA who was proved conclusively to have iron deficiency, even though an increased incidence of infections may occur in such a patient. An understanding of the<i>current concepts</i>of the sickling event will explain such perplexing management of proved
ROENTGEN THERAPY FOR RHEUMATIC DISEASE
Authors: C. J. SMYTH
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The use of the roentgen ray in the treatment of rheumatic diseases is not new. Soon after the therapeutic employment of roentgen rays in the field of medicine, reports of their effect on diseases of the joints began to appear. In 1898 Sokolow1reported improvement of 4 4 patients with arthritis he had treated with roentgen radiation. Stenbeck2(1898) treated 52 patients, most of whom he said were improved. For the following twenty-five years numerous reports dealing with this subject appeared scattered in the literature.  Increased interest in this form of therapy developed about 1925 when Staunig3reported generally good results from treatment of 400 patients with arthritis deformans, and Kohler4stated that considerable improvement had occurred in 100 patients with arthritis deformans and spondylitis. In the following year Kreuzwald5discussed his experience in treating 100 patients, of whom 87 per cent were said to
Childhood Lead Poisoning in 1994
Authors: Edgar J. Schoen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As described in the July 27, 1994, issue of<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>1,2</sup>the marked decrease in blood lead levels of the US population between 1976 and 1991, documented by NHANES III, is a tribute to effective preventive health measures, mainly the removal of lead from gasoline, cans, and paint. From 1976 to 1991, the mean blood lead level in the United States decreased more than fourfold, with a 10-fold decrease in prevalence of blood lead levels ≥0.48 μmol/L (≥10 μg/dL) among children aged 1 to 5 years, those most at risk. These results confirm clinical observations during the past 20 years—that symptomatic lead poisoning is disappearing among US children. This good news has been counterbalanced by claims that blood lead levels previously considered safe (&lt;1.21 μmol/L [&lt;25 μg/dL]) may lead to neurobehavioral changes, including lowered IQ and behavioral and learning difficulties. These claims have been promulgated by investigators,
Additional Factors in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: K. J. Cullen, J. Elder, A. R. Adams, N. S. Stenhouse
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A review of persons with chronic bronchitis and controls without bronchitis showed several irritants around the home that aggravated cough, such as house dust, flowers and grasses, smoke, strong fumes, hair spray, insecticide, and soap powders. Most subjects with bronchitis were affected by exposure to one or more of these irritants for at least once a day for three months of the year or more. Out of 163 subjects with chronic bronchitis only six non-smokers were free of factors associated with pulmonary irritation. This evidence from non-smokers not exposed to air pollution adds further strength to the hypothesis that daily phlegm is caused by persistent inhalation of irritants.
Abstract A49: Induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF7 cancer cells by Newcastle disease virus is associated with upregulation of p21cip and p27kip
Authors: Nurhidayah Roslan, Eric J. Stanbridge, Khatijah Yusoff, Norazizah Shafee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a member of Paramyxoviridae family, is known for its selective oncogenic effects in cancer cells. NDV infections in cancer cells resulted in cell death through apoptosis. The actual mechanism of this induction has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of infection of a local velogenic strain of NDV, designated as AF2240, on the cell cycle regulation of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Infection was done at a multiplicity of infection of 1, and cell lysates were collected at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours postinfection. Protein samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with antibodies for CDK, CDK inhibitors, and the cyclin family of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Results showed that proteins involved in cell cycle arrest, especially p21cip and p27kip, were significantly increased by 6 hours postinfection. These results suggest that NDV infection leads to initial cell cycle arrest, which is a first step towards cell death through apoptosis, in part via induction of the CDK inhibitors p21cip and p27kip. Findings from this study will provide further understanding of the mechanism of oncolysis by NDV. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A49.
Putting the rest cure to rest---again
Authors: M. Sharpe, S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Go home and rest” is still the advice given to many patients who complain of chronic fatigue. The refrain is echoed in self help books and magazines and adopted by many patients. What are the origins of rest as a treatment, does it work, and what evidence is there on which to base our advice to patients?

Chronic fatigue syndromes are not new.1 Victorian physicians diagnosed them as neurasthenia and routinely prescribed rest. This approach was typified by Silas Weir Mitchell's “rest cure,”2 which was so popular as to be described as “the greatest advance of which practical medicine can boast in the last quarter of the century.”3 Despite such accolades, the popularity of the rest cure was short lived. By the turn of the century the same private clinics that once provided it were changing to more active treatments and to the newer psychotherapies.1 The …
Gastric Juice Ascorbic Acid After Intravenous Injection: Effect of Ethnicity, pH, and Helicobacter PyloriInfection
Authors: P. Correa, E. T. H. Fontham, B. Ruiz, G. T. Malcom, F. M. Hunter, D. E. Zavala
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Gastric Juice Ascorbic Acid After Intravenous Injection: Effect of Ethnicity, pH, and Helicobacter Pylori Infection Get access Pelayo Correa, Pelayo Correa *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth T. H. Fontham, Elizabeth T. H. Fontham *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernardo Ruiz, Bernardo Ruiz *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gray T. Malcom, Gray T. Malcom *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred M. Hunter, Fred M. Hunter *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Diego E. Zavala Diego E. Zavala * *Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical CenterNew Orleans, La. Correspondence to: Pelayo Correa, M.D., Louisiana State University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 1, 4 January 1995, Pages 52–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.1.52 Published: 04 January 1995 Article history Received: 31 August 1994 Revision received: 24 October 1994 Accepted: 28 October 1994 Published: 04 January 1995