tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Amiloride-blockable acid-sensing ion channels are leading acid sensors expressed in human nociceptors
Authors: Shinya Ugawa, Takashi Ueda, Yusuke Ishida, Makoto Nishigaki, Yasuhiro Shibata, Shoichi Shimada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Many painful inflammatory and ischemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiac ischemia, and exhausted skeletal muscles are accompanied by local tissue acidosis. In such acidotic states, extracellular protons provoke the pain by opening cation channels in nociceptors. It is generally believed that a vanilloid receptor subtype-1 (VR1) and an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) mediate the greater part of acid-induced nociception in mammals. Here we provide evidence for the involvement of both channels in acid-evoked pain in humans and show their relative contributions to the nociception. In our psychophysical experiments, direct infusion of acidic solutions (pH ≥ 6.0) into human skin caused localized pain, which was blocked by amiloride, an inhibitor of ASICs, but not by capsazepine, an inhibitor of VR1. Under more severe acidification (pH 5.0) amiloride was less effective in reducing acid-evoked pain. In addition, capsazepine had a partial blocking effect under these conditions. Amiloride itself neither blocked capsaicin-evoked localized pain in human skin nor inhibited proton-induced currents in VR1-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Our results suggest that ASICs are leading acid sensors in human nociceptors and that VR1 participates in the nociception mainly under extremely acidic conditions.
Link between H5N1 in UK and recent outbreaks in Hungary is investigated
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government is investigating what may have caused the outbreak of avian influenza at a turkey farm in Suffolk, after preliminary scientific tests showed that the H5N1 virus involved may be related to recent outbreaks in Hungary.

The Food Standards Agency, an independent watchdog on food, said: “One possible cause of the outbreak in Suffolk is poultry meat imported from Hungary. Officials from the Food Standards Agency and the Meat Hygiene Service are therefore working at the Bernard Matthews factory at Upper Holton Farm, Suffolk [the farm suffering the …
Incidence and Risk Factors of Arrhythmic Events in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Meiso Hayashi, Isabelle Denjoy, Fabrice Extramiana, Alice Maltret, Nathalie Roux Buisson, Jean-Marc Lupoglazoff, Didier Klug, Miyuki Hayashi, Seiji Takatsuki, Elisabeth Villain, Joël Kamblock, Anne Messali, Pascale Guicheney, Joël Lunardi, Antoine Leenhardt
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The pathophysiological background of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is well understood, but the clinical features of this stress-induced arrhythmic disorder, especially the incidence and risk factors of arrhythmic events, have not been fully ascertained. Methods and Results— The outcome in 101 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia patients, including 50 probands, was analyzed. During a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, cardiac events defined as syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, including appropriate discharges from implantable defibrillators, or sudden cardiac death occurred in 27 patients, including 2 mutation carriers with normal exercise tests. The estimated 8-year event rate was 32% in the total population and 27% and 58% in the patients with and without β-blockers, respectively. Absence of β-blockers (hazard ratio [HR], 5.48; 95% CI, 1.80 to 16.68) and younger age at diagnosis (HR, 0.54 per decade; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.89) were independent predictors. Fatal or near-fatal events defined as aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death occurred in 13 patients, resulting in an estimated 8-year event rate of 13%. Absence of β-blockers (HR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.17 to 26.15) and history of aborted cardiac arrest (HR, 13.01; 95% CI, 2.48 to 68.21) were independent predictors. No difference was observed in cardiac and fatal or near-fatal event rates between probands and family members. Conclusions— Cardiac and fatal or near-fatal events were not rare in both catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia probands and affected family members during the long-term follow-up, even while taking β-blockers, which was associated with a lower event rate. Further studies evaluating concomitant therapies are necessary to improve outcome in these patients.
Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance
Authors: Matthew R Moore, Ruth Link-Gelles, William Schaffner, Ruth Lynfield, Catherine Lexau, Nancy M Bennett, Susan Petit, Shelley M Zansky, Lee H Harrison, Arthur Reingold, Lisa Miller, Karen Scherzinger, Ann Thomas, Monica M Farley, Elizabeth R Zell, Thomas H Taylor, Tracy Pondo, Loren Rodgers, Lesley McGee, Bernard Beall, James H Jorgensen, Cynthia G Whitney
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
Stress Fractures in Runners
Authors: Richard H. Daffner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IT IS estimated that several million Americans run for fitness and recreation. This segment of our population, which runs between one and several miles daily, includes every age group and people in various stages of physical condition. These persons often incur a variety of musculoskeletal disorders, eg, muscle strains, ligamentous abnormalities, and stress fractures. Stress fractures result from repetitive muscular action on a bone that generally is not accustomed to that action.<sup>1</sup>In most instances, the activity is new or more vigorous than usual for the individual. However, occasionally, stress fractures will develop even in conditioned athletes. Although running is a common activity in this country, an apparent lack of recognition by primary care physicians exists concerning the frequency of stress fractures in runners. The purpose of this article is to alert the clinician to this condition and to describe its clinical and radiological features. <h3>Clinical Features</h3> The clinical
Endoscopic and Endobronchial Ultrasonography According to the Proposed Lymph Node Map Definition in the Seventh Edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis Classification for Lung Cancer
Authors: Kurt G. Tournoy, Jouke T. Annema, Mark Krasnik, Felix J.F. Herth, Jan P. van Meerbeeck
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Autopsy after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: retrospective cohort study
Authors: P A Boyd
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To study trends in termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly over 10 years and to assess the contribution of autopsy to the final diagnosis and counselling after termination.Retrospective study with cases from a congenital anomaly register and a defined unselected population.Pregnancies resulting in termination for fetal anomaly identified from the Oxford congenital anomaly register. Details about the prenatal diagnosis and autopsy findings were retrieved from case notes.Of the 57 258 deliveries, 309 (0.5%) were terminated because of prenatally diagnosed abnormality. There were 129/29 086 (0.4%) terminations for fetal anomaly carried out in 1991-5 and 180/28 172 (0.6%) in 1996-2000. The percentage of fetuses that underwent autopsy fell from 84% to 67%. Autopsy was performed in 132 cases identified by ultrasound scan, with no evidence for abnormal karyotype. In 95 (72%) the autopsy confirmed the suspected diagnosis and did not add important further information, two cases were not classified, and in 35 (27%) the autopsy added information that led to a refinement of the risk of recurrence (reduced in 17, increased in 18); in 11 of these 18 cases it was increased to a one in four risk.Though there has been an increase in the rate of terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly, there has been a decline in the autopsy rate. When a prenatal diagnosis was based on the results of a scan only, the addition of information from an autopsy by a specialist paediatric pathologist provided important information that changed the estimated risk of recurrence in 27% of cases and in 8% this was to a higher (one in four) risk.
EXPERIMENTAL LIVER NECROSIS. V. THE FATS AND LIPOIDS
Authors: Holmes C. Jackson, Richard M. Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

1. Changes which occur in the fat content of the liver of dogs receiving haemotoxic serum bear no relation to the degree of necrosis produced by this serum. 2. An increase in water content of the tissue seldom occurs, but where present is due to the nitrogenous autolysis rather than to the deposition of fat. 3. The appearance of fat in the cell is not associated with a decomposition of the proteid component of the compound fats, but rather to a simple splitting off of the fatty radical. This is shown by the slight variations occurring in the percentage nitrogen of the fat-free substance. 4. The iodine equivalent diminishes as the fat content increases. This would indicate that in the fatty changes which occur, fats other than those containing oleate radicals make their appearance. 5. The ratio of phosphorus to nitrogen in the alcohol-chloroform extract remains practically constant in all degrees of necrosis. Hence the substances of the protagon and jecorin type hold the same relation to the lecithins during the autolysis as they do normally. 6. In a general way it may be said that the results obtained in the microchemical staining of the fats with Scharlach R agree with those found by chemical extraction methods.
Serum Lipids in South African Bantu and White Subjects
Authors: B. M. BLOOMBERG, F. LAZARUS, IRENE MROST, RHODA SCHNEIDER
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Normal South African Bantus differ from white Europeans in lipoprotein pattern as well as in total serum cholesterol. Urban Bantus have higher α-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and lower β-lipoprotein cholesterols than whites. Young rural Bantus have lower α-lipoprotein cholesterols than young urban Bantus, and both have lower β-lipoprotein cholesterols than old urban Bantus. These differences may be related to standards of living and are thought to be of value in defining the "ideal" levels for both cholesterol fractions.
Solving the Mystery of Myelodysplasia
Authors: Jerald Radich
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Myelodysplasia (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic malignancy as stubborn in revealing its pathogenesis as it is in responding to treatment. The disease presents with cytopenia of any or all of the three hematopoietic lineages (red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells), manifesting clinically as fatigue, bleeding, and infectious disorders. While the disease occurs in only five per 100,000 people, its incidence rises steeply with age, reaching about 20–40 per 100,000 at age 70 years and beyond. Thus, as the population ages, the impact of MDS on the health care system will grow.
Identification of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> in a patient with ocular lymphoma
Authors: Carlo Contini, Silva Seraceni, Silvia Carradori, Rosario Cultrera, Paolo Perri, Francesco Lanza
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Accumulating evidence suggests that infectious agents may play a role in ocular adnexa lymphomas (OALs) of MALT-type [1-4]. In particular, Chlamydia psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis, has been detected by PCR in most patients from Italy or isolated eastern Asiatic countries with OALs in absence of other Chlamydia species [4-8]. These patients have also been shown to have a complete or partial response to doxycycline, recognized to be a cheap and safe treatment in these patients [5,6]. In contrast, OAL patients from other geographic areas and with different genetic background were found to be negative for C. psittaci DNA or had a quite variable response to antibiotic treatment, assuming that this pathogen might not play a ubiquitous role in OALs and that bacterial infection is not associated with OAL [8-12].
Abstract 3159: Differential miRNA expression profiling of rectal and colon cancers using deep sequencing
Authors: Zhenbin Chen, Bing Mu, Hanjun Qin, Jinhui Wang, Xiwei Wu, Harry Gao, Wenyan li, Julio Garcia-Aguilar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: miRNAs are small regulatory elements involved in regulating gene expression. They have been shown to play a role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in many cancers and their expression is often tissue-specific. Cancers of the large bowel are often grouped together as colorectal cancers; but tumors from different locations require different treatment and have different prognosis and molecular characteristics. We tested the hypothesis that cancers of the colon and rectum have different molecular miRNA profiles that can be used to distinguish between these cancer types. Methods: We collected 40 pretreatment rectal cancer biopsies and 20 pretreatment surgical colon cancer specimens. All samples were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). Tumor cells were microdissected manually under inverted microscopy and total RNA was extracted. A miRNA expression profile for rectal and colon cancer was generated using deep sequencing, and miRNA expression in each cancer type was compared using T-test and multiple testing (Q-bound &amp;lt;0.05) to determine significant miRNA expression changes in rectal versus colon cancer. Results: 143 miRNAs were differentially expressed between rectal and colon cancer tissues (Q-bound &amp;lt;0.05); 106 miRNAs were up-regulated and 37 were down-regulated in rectal cancer compared to colon cancer. Thirteen miRNAs showed a greater than 2-fold increase in expression in rectal cancer compared to colon cancer (mir-1291, mir-1248, mir1973, mir-3653, mir-483-5p, mir-720, mir-3647-3p, mir3687, mir-3607-3p, mir4286, mir-1274b, mir-483-3p, and mir3648). Six miRNAs showed a greater than 1.5-fold decrease in rectal cancer compared to colon cancer (mir-374a, mir-3613-5p, mir-362-3p, mir-340, mir-3, and mir-424). Based on these significant expression differences, the unique miRNA expression profiles of rectal and colon cancer were used to separate these cancers by hierarchical cluster analysis (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusions: We identified a number miRNAs that are differentially expressed between rectal and colon cancer. These tissue-specific miRNA expression profiles may help us understand the biological differences between colon and rectal cancer, which may lead to improved treatments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3159. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3159
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS. PROPERTIES OF THE INITIAL CELL-VIRUS COMPLEX
Authors: Nakao Ishida, W. Wilbur Ackermann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The rate has been determined at which the initial stable complex is formed between cells of the chorioallantoic membrane and the PR8 strain of type A influenza virus. Characterization of the complex revealed the following properties: (a) stability to dilution and to simple washing with buffered saline, (b) insensitivity to the action of receptor-destroying enzyme (obtained from cholera vibrio), (c) sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of anti-viral immune serum, (d) formation of the complex at low temperatures, 3 degrees C., (e) accompanied by a loss of detectable viral infectivity from the reaction mixture, (f) stability at 3 degrees C. but transformation at 37 degrees C. to a state which is resistant to the inhibitory action of a specific anti-viral serum. The rate of this latter transformation has been determined. The infectious process in more than 50 per cent of the cells can be influenced by immune serum 2 hours after the completion of the initial reaction with virus.
Histopathology of experimentally induced asthma in a murine model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Sandhya D. Nandedkar, Thomas R. Feroah, William Hutchins, Dorothee Weihrauch, Kameswari S. Konduri, Jingli Wang, Robert C. Strunk, Michael R. DeBaun, Cheryl A. Hillery, Kirkwood A. Pritchard
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abnormal parathyroid hormone stimulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the hypophosphatemic mouse. Evidence for a generalized defect of vitamin D metabolism.
Authors: T Nesbitt, M K Drezner, B Lobaugh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Abnormal regulation of vitamin D metabolism is a feature of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets in man and of the murine homologue of the disease in the hypophosphatemic (Hyp)-mouse. We previously reported that mutant mice have abnormally low renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-hydroxylase) activity for the prevailing degree of hypophosphatemia. To further characterize this defect, we examined whether Hyp-mouse renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity responds normally to other stimulatory and inhibitory controls of enzyme function. We studied stimulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH) using: (a) a calcium-deficient (0.02% Ca) diet to raise endogenous PTH; or (b) 24-h continuous infusion of 0.25 IU/h bovine PTH via osmotic minipump. In both cases enzyme activity of identically treated normal mice increased to greater levels than those attained by Hyp-mice. The relative inability of PTH to stimulate 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity is not a function of the hypophosphatemia in the Hyp-mouse since PTH-infused, phosphate-depleted normal mice sustained a level of enzyme activity greater than that of normal and Hyp-mice. In further studies we investigated inhibition of enzyme activity by using: (a) a calcium-loaded (1.2% Ca) diet to suppress endogenous PTH; or (b) 24-h continuous infusion of 0.2 ng/h 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). The 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity of normal and Hyp-mice was significantly reduced to similar absolute levels following maintenance on the calcium-loaded diet. Further, infusion of 1,25(OH)2D3 caused a comparable reduction of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in normal, Hyp-, and phosphate-depleted normal mice. These observations indicate that the inhibitory control of 1 alpha-hydroxylase by reduced levels of PTH or increased 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations is intact in the mutants. However, the inability of PTH and hypophosphatemia to stimulate enzyme activity in a manner analogous to that in normal and phosphate-depleted mice indicates that a generalized defect of 1 alpha-hydroxylase regulation is manifest in Hyp-mice.
Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial
Authors: Paulus Kirchhof, Lars Eckardt, Peter Loh, Karoline Weber, Rudolf-Josef Fischer, Karl-Heinz Seidl, Dirk Böcker, Günter Breithardt, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Motherhood and Mental Health
Authors: Carol Sue North
Journal: JAMA (1997)

I had hoped to find this veritable tome on motherhood and mental health to be informative, but I hadn't anticipated that it would be entertaining as well. From the very first page<i>Motherhood and Mental Health</i>is full of fascinating and fun facts that held me captivated. What utterly engaged me was the rich historical background applied throughout the book, providing both perspective and a warehouse of vividly illustrative trivia. For example, in the first chapter, a section on infertility describes the history of artificial insemination, which is known to have begun in the horse industry in the 14th century, when Arabs stole semen from championship horses to impregnate their mares; later sheiks used the reverse tactic to fertilize mares of the enemy with inferior semen. This chapter proceeds to the history of artificial insemination in humans (dating to the late 1700s), in vitro fertilization (first attempt in mammals,
Comparison of different activity parameters in atopic dermatitis: correlation with clinical scores
Authors: C. Gutgesell, S. Heise, A. Seubert, D.O. Stichtenoth, J.C. Frolich, C. Neumann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Several laboratory markers have been described to correlate positively with disease activity of atopic dermatitis (AD). These include soluble adhesion molecules and eosinophil granular proteins. Although the correlation of these parameters with the severity and extent of skin involvement has been repeatedly studied in the past, no systematic investigation has been performed over a lengthy period of time. In addition, no subjective disease parameters recorded by the patient have been included in studies dealing with disease activity.To assess the validity of different objective and subjective parameters [soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), urinary nitrate excretion (reflecting endogenous nitric oxide formation) and the patients' impressions of pruritus, sleeplessness and skin status] as markers of AD disease activity.Twenty patients were examined for 1 year and their skin status was evaluated by an established score (SCORAD). sE-selectin, sVCAM-1 and ECP were analysed by commercial test kits. Urinary nitrate concentration was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The subjective parameters, pruritus, sleeplessness and impression of skin status, were recorded by the patients on a visual analogue scale.In this long-term trial, only sE-selectin and the subjective parameters showed a statistically significant correlation with the SCORAD score.Our data indicate that basic clinical scoring remains a most effective and relevant method of recording skin disease activity in AD.
The role of canine superficial ventricular muscle fibers in endocardial impulse distribution.
Authors: R J Myerburg, H Gelband, K Nilsson, A Castellanos, A R Morales, A L Bassett
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Thin sections of canine right and left ventricular endocardium and myocardium were studied in a tissue bath to compare conduction properties of intraventricular specialized conducting tissue [Purkinje fibers (PF)], the superficial layers of subendocardial ventricular muscle (SVM), and the deeper ventricular muscle (DVM) below this level. The study was carried out because of observations that some areas of the endocardium, which are devoid of either specialized conducting tissue or of PF-VM junctions between specialized conducting tissue and ventricular muscle, conduct relatively rapidly, favoring specific orientations of propagation. Preparations containing PF, SVM, and DVM were studied electrophysiologically and histologically. A technique of stripping limited areas of endocardium was used to expose DVM in order to determine its intrinsic calculated conduction velocity. In 12 preparations, the average calculated conduction velocity in PF was 1.62 m/sec, and the average in DVM was 0.26 m/sec. The SVM conduction velocity was intermediate between the two, averaging 0.98 m/sec when propagation was parallel to SVM fiber orientation. Conduction velocity transverse to SVM fiber orientation was not significantly different from DVM conduction velocity. Histologically, the most superficial layers of VM were oriented uniformly in the direction of rapid subendocardial conduction, in contrast to DVM fibers in which orientation varied. It is concluded that the geometric arrangement of SVM fibers may provide a means for rapid subendocardial conduction and impulse distribution at a conduction velocity intermediate between PF and DVM in areas devoid of specialized conducting tissue.