tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antigen induced arthritis in beige (Chediak-Higashi) mice.
Authors: J Schalkwijk, L A Joosten, W B van den Berg, L B van de Putte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Mice with the beige mutation, which are known to be deficient for leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G, were used to investigate the role of neutral proteases in a model for antigen induced arthritis. Surprisingly, it was shown that in this model of arthritis, using methylated bovine serum albumin as an antigen, C57/black/6 9beige9 mice (deficient for leucocyte neutral proteases) developed a more severe form of arthritis than the control mice (9black9 mice), resulting in a higher degree of tissue damage. The incidence and degree of bone apposition and destruction of articular cartilage at day 21 after induction of arthritis were significantly higher in the beige mice. These findings could not be ascribed to differences in the cellular immune response to methylated bovine serum albumin. Autoradiographic detection of radiolabelled methylated bovine serum albumin suggested that more antigen is retained in the joints of beige mice than in black mice, which might account for the sustained arthritis and the concomitant tissue damage. These findings do not support the contention that leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G contribute to the pathogenesis of joint destruction in this model.
Government laboratory worker with lung cancer: comparing risks from beryllium, asbestos, and tobacco smoke.
Authors: C Steinmaus, J R Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Occupational medicine physicians are frequently asked to establish cancer causation in patients with both workplace and non-workplace exposures. This is especially difficult in cases involving beryllium for which the data on human carcinogenicity are limited and controversial. In this report we present the case of a 73-year-old former technician at a government research facility who was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient is a former smoker who has worked with both beryllium and asbestos. He was referred to the University of California, San Francisco, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital for an evaluation of whether past workplace exposures may have contributed to his current disease. The goal of this paper is to provide an example of the use of data-based risk estimates to determine causation in patients with multiple exposures. To do this, we review the current knowledge of lung cancer risks in former smokers and asbestos workers, and evaluate the controversies surrounding the epidemiologic data linking beryllium and cancer. Based on this information, we estimated that the patient's risk of lung cancer from asbestos was less than his risk from tobacco smoke, whereas his risk from beryllium was approximately equal to his risk from smoking. Based on these estimates, the patient's workplace was considered a probable contributing factor to his development of lung cancer.
Prognostic Factors in Treatment of Depressive States with Imipramine
Authors: L. G. Kiloh, J. R. B. Ball, R. F. Garside
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Accurate diagnosis within the group of depressive states is generally agreed to be difficult.Some deny the difficulty by ignoring its existence, assuming that these cases form a homogeneous continuum.But even those who share this belief-Garmany (1958) for instanceadmit discrepant results from treatment and, moreover, that there are differences in symptomatology between those -who respond, say, to E.C.T., and those who do not.
Registering patients and paying capitation in family practice
Authors: J. Lomas, J. Abelson, B. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1995)

It may surprise British doctors to learn that universal registration of citizens for primary care is controversial and exists almost nowhere else in the world. They might ask: “How can one take responsibility for a patient's preventive care, and for facilitating appropriate use of community services and referred care, without a defined list of patients?” Indeed, unsatisfactory answers to such questions, implying a less than adequate primary care system, have provided impetus for considering patient registration in other countries.1 We use the current controversy in Canada to explore the issue.

Currently, primary care in Canada is delivered on a fee for service basis by doctors operating privately in solo or group practices. These doctors have no contractual obligations to government payers with regard to location, the mix of services provided, or the organisation of the practice. Although some special arrangements exist to improve the geographical distribution of doctors or to experiment with capitation payment or health centre models,2 these cover less than 5% of the population.

Canada's federal and provincial governments and its doctors support the idea of changing to a system based on registration. But they have also expressed their concerns.3 4 5 6 The present debate centres on a report on the funding and reorganisation of primary care that was released for consultation this autumn by the federal, territorial, and provincial committee advising the government on health services.7 The details of the model proposed by the committee are less important than the principles: to move away from fee for …
Screening Data from the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center Screening Laboratories. XXVII
Authors: Joseph Leiter, B. J. Abbott, Saul A. Schepartz
Journal: Cancer Research (1965)

Data are reported on 1,356 synthetic compounds which were tested in the CCNSC primary screens. Almost all of the compounds were tested in Sarcoma 180, Carcinoma 755, Leukemia 1210, and KB cells in culture; some tests were also carried out in Dunning leukemia ascites, Friend virus leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma and Human sarcoma HS1. Data are reported only on compounds which have not demonstrated sufficient activity in these systems to warrant further investigation.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children: Is it necessary and, if so, in whom?
Authors: Anna Alisi, Donatella Comparcola, Valerio Nobili
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to be an important global health problem. It is estimated that approximately 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV [1], and although children are only a small portion of those infected and the incidence of new infections has decreased in recent years, HCV still contributes to chronic liver disease in childhood [2]. Currently, transmission occurs mainly during pregnancy or at delivery, and the transmission rate is low unless the mother is HIV-coinfected. Pre-natal screening, where done, allows identification of infected mothers and early detection of the infection in their children. Current guidelines recommend testing for HCVRNA after 18 months of age (the results being unreliable earlier in life) [3,4]. What is the natural history of hepatitis C in childhood? Several studies have tried to answer this question, but a low numbers of children in the majority of them, and the involvement in some studies of patients referred to tertiary care centres have made the results of many of these investigations questionable. Although only a very long-term prospective study on numerically valid, unselected cohorts of children infected during pregnancy or at delivery, can provide a proper estimate of the relative proportion of children who progress to end stage liver disease, studies thus far have clearly shown that children tend to have a much more benign HCV infection course than adults [5]. It is also clear that the development of severe liver disease can be accelerated by the co-occurrence of thalassemia [6], iron overload [6,7], chemotherapy [8–11], and HIV co-infection [12]. In adults, HCV therapeutic strategies have evolved frommonotherapywith interferon (IFN) alfa to combination therapywith IFN alfa and ribavirin (RBV);while in children, because of RBV-associated adverse effects (i.e. reversible hemolytic anemia, fetal abnor-
Mechanism of Effect of Alpha Adrenergic Stimulation with Norepinephrine on Renal Water Excretion
Authors: Robert W. Schrier, Tomas Berl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism whereby alpha adrenergic stimulation with intravenous norepinephrine results in a water diuresis. Renal perfusion pressure was kept constant in all experiments by adjustment of a suprarenal aortic clamp. In hydropenic anesthetized dogs the intravenous infusion of norepinephrine (0.5 μg/kg per min) was associated with a mean decrease in urinary osmolality from 616 to 126 mosmol/kg (P < 0.001) which increased to 532 mosmol/kg (P < 0.001) after the infusion was discontinued. During the same period of time the mean free water clearance increased from -0.437 to 1.59 (P < 0.001) and then returned to -0.314 ml/min (P < 0.001) after cessation of the infusion. This diuretic effect occurred in both innervated and denervated kidneys and was not associated with an increase in glomerular filtration rate or solute excretion. Systemic arterial pressure increased from 121 to 142 mm Hg during the norepinephrine infusion. Studies were also performed in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of either 80 μg/kg per min or 20-40 μU/kg per min of vasopressin. In these animals, intravenous norepinephrine was not associated with changes in either urinary osmolality or free water clearance. The intrarenal administration of norepinephrine, in doses comparable with those reaching the kidneys during the intravenous studies, also resulted in no significant change in either urinary osmolality or free water clearance in hypophysectomized animals receiving 20-30 μU/kg per min of vasopressin. These results thus indicate that the water diuresis associated with intravenous norepinephrine is mediated primarily by suppression of vasopressin release rather than by changes in renal hemodynamics, renal innervation, or an effect of norepinephrine on the water permeability of the tubular epithelium.
Whom Can We Trust?
Authors: James S. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Since 1986, the American Medical Association has embraced the concept of physician payment reform. This was done for three reasons: payments were seen to be inequitable among specialties, there was no predictability as to what the standard payments were to be, and the Congress was constantly changing the rules and whipsawing the profession as the federal budget crunches became ever greater. In many respects, this was not necessarily in the best interests of some physicians, yet it was seen as a way to bring order out of chaos in physician payment, and, though skeptical, the profession continued its participation. Finally in 1989, the Congress, on the advice of the Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC), enacted legislation implementing the new payment schedule based on resource consumption, beginning in 1992 and completed through a transition period by 1996. So far so good. Not everyone was happy, nor was the system adequately fine-tuned,
Morbid Appearances: The Anatomy of Pathology In the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Dean M. Connors
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It is a truism about revolutions that their most important effect is quite often the opposite of what was intended. The Russian revolution of 1917 set out to destroy the state. Instead, it resulted in one of the most oppressive and invasive governments ever. The French revolution also set out in 1789 to destroy the establishment and its symbols, including hospitals, doctors, and medical schools. Instead, in a few years the revolution set the stage for one of the most enlightened periods of medical advance known up to the time and made Paris the center of the medical world during the first half of the 19th century. In this dynamic process, the surgical and medical faculties were merged, hospitals became the focus of medical research and teaching, and, most important, there was an explosive growth of pathological anatomic knowledge. This in turn made possible the science of clinical diagnosis, and
Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Yerem Yeghiazarians, Joel B. Braunstein, Arman Askari, Peter H. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Unstable angina accounts for more than 1 million hospital admissions annually1; 6 to 8 percent of patients with this condition have nonfatal myocardial infarction or die within the first year after diagnosis.2,3 Various definitions of unstable angina have been proposed, but in 1989, Braunwald devised a classification system to ensure uniformity of categorization, as well as diagnostic and prognostic information.4 This system is used to classify angina according to the severity of the clinical manifestation, defined as acute angina while at rest (within the 48 hours before presentation), subacute angina while at rest (within the previous month but . . .
Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide-Reply
Authors: James F. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  We have no quarrel with Dr Weiss regarding ethylene oxide's critical importance in sterilization procedures. Our article should only make users more cautious in the application of ethylene oxide as a gas sterilant, including providing maximum protection of workers and safe outgassing of materials prior to use. Current understanding of carcinogenesis by a direct-acting carcinogen such as ethylene oxide suggests that a single-base change in one gene could lead to a mutation and possibly to cancer.  Weiss states that 0.24 ppm is well below the effect level derived from any study. This is an equivalent continuous exposure derived from the 1.0-ppm time-weighted average maximum allowable occupational exposure. Distribution of radiolabeled ethylene oxide to several tissues and formation of 7-hydroxyethylguanine, a modified form of a nucleic acid base, were seen after a 75-minute exposure of mice to 1.15 ppm of ethylene oxide. 1 With any toxic effect, the lack
FACTORS RELATED TO THE GROWTH OF PSITTACOSIS VIRUS (STRAIN 6BC)
Authors: Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The analogues of amino acids, beta-2-thienylalanine, ethionine, and 6-methyltryptophane, inhibited the growth of psittacosis virus (6BC) in tissue culture without evidence of serious toxicity for the host cells. Of a number of vitamin analogues tested, only salicyl-beta-alanide inhibited viral multiplication in the absence of toxic effects on the host cells. 6,7-Diethylriboflavin, desoxypyridoxine, and oxythiamine reduced viral growth in concentrations that possessed some toxicity for host tissue. In tolerated amounts, 3-acetylpyridine, pyridine-3-sulfonic acid, pantoyl sulfanilamide, and desthiobiotin did not effect viral multiplication. Sodium malonate inhibited psittacosis virus growth in non-toxic amounts, whereas sodium monofluoroacetate was ineffective. Colchicine suppressed multiplication of virus only after a prolonged period of exposure and subsequent delay before producing inhibition, suggesting that the effect was secondary to its antimitotic action which suppressed multiplication of the host cells.
Some Comments on Depression and Education
Authors: Alex J. Arieff
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In response to the EDItorial on Early Recognition of Depressive Illness (221:187, 1972), I would like to say that I think it is a most important subject, and worthy of as much space as necessary. One of the most frustrating situations is the physician's denial that such conditions exist, including denials from many of the physicians in psychiatric specialties. One of the most common conditions in medical practice is the inability, unwillingness, or denial when looking for this situation.  I would also like to comment on A Role for Practicing Physicians in Basic Medical Science Education (221:187, 1972). If I understood this EDITORIAL by Dr. Bloomfield, it seems that the academic part of the medical schools are finally swinging around to recognizing that the medical practitioner has a part to play in education. The swing has been to more full-time academic medicine and to the exclusion of
Persistent Neuropsychological Sequelae of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: KAREN A. ROSENE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Twelve women, aged 16 to 29 years, were interviewed and examined for possible neuropsychological sequelae 2 to 12 months after they recovered from toxic shock syndrome. Six of the 12 women had symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, headache, recent memory lapses, inability to compute, and loss of other higher integrative functions. Eight patients were found to have electroencephalographic abnormalities. All six symptomatic patients but no asymptomatic patients had abnormal neurologic findings. Abnormalities such as impaired memory and calculation and poorly sustained concentration were found in five of six symptomatic patients but in no asymptomatic patient. Six control subjects, all asymptomatic women aged 17 to 29 years, were interviewed and examined 2 to 12 months after they recovered from postpartum endometritis; these subjects were normal in all parameters tested. A direct effect of the staphylococcal toxin on the central nervous system may be the cause of these sequelae.
Are History and Physical Examination a Good Screening Test for Sleep Apnea?
Authors: Sidney Viner, John P. Szalai, Victor Hoffstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To determine whether presenting clinical history, pharyngeal examination, and the overall subjective impression of the clinician could serve as a sensitive screening test for sleep apnea.Blinded comparison of history and physical examination with results of nocturnal polysomnography.Sleep clinic of a tertiary referral center.A total of 410 patients referred for suspected sleep apnea syndrome. Most patients reported snoring.All patients were asked standard questions and given an examination relevant to the diagnosis of the sleep apnea syndrome, and all had full nocturnal polysomnography. Patients with more than ten episodes of apnea or hypopnea per hour of sleep were classified as having sleep apnea. Stepwise linear logistic regression was used to develop two predictive models of sleep apnea: one based on the presence of characteristic clinical features, age, sex, and body mass index; and one based on subjective clinical impression.The prevalence of sleep apnea in our patients was 46%. Only age, body mass index, male sex, and snoring were found to be predictors of sleep apnea. The logistic rule discriminated between patients with and without sleep apnea (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area, 0.77 [95% Cl, 0.73 to 0.82]). For patients with a predicted probability of apnea of less than 20%, the clinical model had 94% sensitivity and 28% specificity. Subjective impression alone identified correctly only 52% of patients with sleep apnea and had a specificity of 70%.In patients with a high predicted probability of the sleep apnea syndrome, subjective impression alone or any combination of clinical features cannot serve as a reliable screening test. However, in patients with a low predicted probability of sleep apnea, the model based on clinical data was sufficiently sensitive to permit about a 30% reduction in the number of unnecessary sleep studies.
Correction: Citation of Paper by Dresner
Authors: ARTHUR D. FLANAGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981Correction: Citation of Paper by DresnerARTHUR D. FLANAGAN, M.D.ARTHUR D. FLANAGAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-246_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial note entitled "Anti-inflammatory and Antirheumatic Drugs" (1) cites Dresner (2) as the source for the statement, "At present the odds seem high against its [meclofenamate sodium] getting acclaim for long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis." This is an incorrect implication from the Dresner article which simply reported on four multicenter studies of short, 4- to 8-week, duration. These studies were actually extended, and in excess of 500 patients received the drug for periods longer than 12 months after completing the double-blind portion of the investigation reported by Dresner.The long-term data, although not included...References1. ABRUZZO J. Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:270-1. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DRESNER A. Multicenter studies with sodium meclofenatmate (MeclomenR) in the United States and Canada. Curr Ther Res. 1978;23:S90-106. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Parke-Davis, Division of Warner-Lambert Company Morris Plains, NJ 07950 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 246-246KeywordsDrugsOsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritisSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Case of Gallbladder Carcinoma Diagnosed Preoperatively by the Detection of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase mRNA in Endoscopically Obtained Gallbladder Bile
Authors: N. Uchida, K. Tsutsui, H. Kobara, T. Ezaki, H. Fukuma, M. Yachida, T. Masaki, S. Watanabe, T. Nakatsu, H. Nakano, S. Kuriyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

It is difficult to accurately diagnose the nature of polypoid lesions in the gallbladder. To increase diagnostic accuracy, we have developed an endoscopic technique for obtaining gallbladder bile, termed endoscopic transpapillary catheterization into the gallbladder (ETCG). We describe here a case of gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed preoperatively by the detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA, a catalytic subunit of telomerase, in gallbladder bile obtained using the ETCG technique. A patient with a polypoid lesion 15 mm in diameter in the gallbladder was admitted to our hospital for further examinations. Gallbladder bile collected by the ETCG technique was evaluated cytologically and also analyzed for telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA. Although the results for cytology and telomerase activity were negative, that for hTERT mRNA was positive. Open surgery was carried out and it was confirmed that the lesion was an adenocarcinoma invading the subserosa. The molecular biological analysis of gallbladder bile collected using the ETCG technique was shown to be effective for diagnosing the nature of the polypoid lesion in the gallbladder.