tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnitude, impact, and stability of primary headache subtypes: 30 year prospective Swiss cohort study
Authors: K. R. Merikangas, L. Cui, A. K. Richardson, H. Isler, S. Khoromi, E. Nakamura, F. Lamers, W. Rossler, V. Ajdacic-Gross, A. Gamma, J. Angst
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the prevalence, impact, and stability of different subtypes of headache in a 30 year prospective follow-up study of a general population sample. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. <b>Participants</b> 591 people aged 19-20 from a cohort of 4547 residents of Zurich, Switzerland, interviewed seven times across 30 years of follow-up. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Prevalence of headache; stability of the predominant subtype of headache over time; and age of onset, severity, impact, family history, use of healthcare services, and drugs for headache subtypes. <b>Results</b> The average one year prevalences of subtypes of headache were 0.9% (female:male ratio of 2.8) for migraine with aura, 10.9% (female:male ratio of 2.2) for migraine without aura, and 11.5% (female:male ratio of 1.2) for tension-type headache. Cumulative 30 year prevalences of headache subtypes were 3.0% for migraine with aura, 36.0% for migraine without aura, and 29.3% for tension-type headache. Despite the high prevalence of migraine without aura, most cases were transient and only about 20% continued to have migraine for more than half of the follow-up period. 69% of participants with migraine and 58% of those with tension-type headache manifested the same predominant subtype over time. However, the prospective stability of the predominant headache subtypes was quite low, with substantial crossover among the subtypes and no specific ordinal pattern of progression. A gradient of severity of clinical correlates and service use was present across headache subtypes; the greatest effect was for migraine with aura followed by migraine without aura, and then tension-type headache and unclassified headaches. <b>Conclusions</b> These findings highlight the importance of prospective follow-up of people with headache. The substantial longitudinal overlap among subtypes of headache shows the developmental heterogeneity of headache syndromes. Studies of the causes of headache that apply diagnostic nomenclature based on distinctions between discrete headache subtypes may not capture the true nature of headache in the general population.
Myeloblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: J. ESTAPE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985Myeloblastic Leukemia: A Randomized TrialJ. ESTAPE, J.M. RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ, P. SANTABARBARAJ. ESTAPESearch for more papers by this author, J.M. RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZSearch for more papers by this author, P. SANTABARBARASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-418_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his recent editorial, Gale (1) kindly mentioned the randomized trial on myeloblastic leukemia (consolidation chemotherapy versus no consolidation) of the Spanish Cooperative Group for Study and Treatment of Hematological Malignancies (PETHEMA). This reference has prompted us to summarize the design and current status of our study, because it might be of interest to your readers.The protocol consists of induction with daunorubicin, 60 mg/m2body surface area for 3 days; cytarabine, 100 mg/m2every 12 hours (20 mg/m2by intravenous push, 80 mg/m2in a 4-hour infusion) for 7 days; vincristine sulfate, 1.4 mg/m2; thioguanine, 100...Reference1. GALE R. Progress in acute myelogenous leukemia [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;101:702-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. ESTAPE; J.M. RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ; P. SANTABARBARAAffiliations: Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Villarroel 170 Barcelona 08036 Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPost-Remission Therapy in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia a randomized trial comparing early consolidation plus maintenance versus maintenance therapy alone 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 418-419KeywordsBody surface areaChemotherapyHematologic malignanciesMyeloblastic leukemiaRandomized trialsSulfatesThioguanine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Control of Gonorrhea
Authors: Andrew H. Rudolph
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The incidence of gonorrhea has reached epidemic proportions. It is the most common of the venereal diseases, the most prevalent bacterial infection of adults in the United States, and the number one reported communicable disease occurring in our country today. There were 624,371 cases of gonorrhea reported for fiscal year 1971, an 8.9% increase over the 573,200 cases of gonorrhea reported for fiscal year 1970.<sup>1</sup>These staggering statistics, however, reflect only a part of the true incidence; for although gonorrhea is a reportable disease, the greatest percentages of cases are thought to be unreported.<sup>2</sup>Thus, it is estimated that more than 2 million cases of gonorrhea actually occurred last year. Understandably, the control of gonorrhea is one of today's major public health goals. But the attainment of this goal has been hindered by a number of problems related to gonorrhea, such as (1) a short incubation period; (2)
Points from letters: Otitis media
Authors: E O Evans
Journal: BMJ (1976)

indicates that consultants in teaching hospitals are on average of higher quality than those in peripheral hospitals and that similar considerations apply respectively to those working in the South and the North of England and also to physicians and surgeons as opposed to geriatricians and psychiatrists.If Drs Bruggen and Bourne do not believe this they should say why.There are, of course, people who believe that merit should not be financially rewarded as the work involved is cleaner and more interesting than unskilled work.There are also people who believe that it is impossible to assess merit and it would appear from the Points from LettersClinical or administrative postal addresses ?
ON THE REMOVAL OF NASO-PHARYNGEAL FIBROMATA BY THE GALVANO-CAUTERY, OR COLD-WIRE ÉCRASEUR.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read to the Section of Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology of American Medical Association, May 6, 1884. Naso-pharyngeal fibromata usually have their origin in the periosteum which covers that portion of the base of the skull forming the roof of the naso-pharynx. These tumors may extend downward into the mouth, forward into the nasal cavity, or upward, perforating the cranium and pressing upon the brain. When large, they not infrequently send off prolongations into the maxillary sinus, and in some cases the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are involved, consequently in some instances great deformity of the face results. Owing to the obstruction thus caused, respiration and deglutition may be seriously interfered with, and in consequence of the pressure, the senses of hearing, sight, and smell are more or less impaired. These growths are hard to the touch, and are usually rounded, having a smooth surface, slightly lighter in color than the
On Our Exaggerated Estimate of the Value of Beef-Tea
Authors: T. Laffan
Journal: BMJ (1889)

cutting operation of the future, should it be ultimately shown that the uterine incision does not stretch and cause risk in future pregnancies.Porro's operation should be performed before labour sets in.The advantages of this are great.The operator can make his arrangements and have skilled assistance at a definite hour.The idea that one should wait for labour, so as to have uterine retraction and less htamorrhage, is an erroneous one, and leads the operator into difficulties.The waiting causes risk to the 6hild's life, undue delay while assistants are being summoned, and should, therefore, not be deliberately chosen.A further point is that the development of the lower uterine segment, abdominal position of the bladder, and formation of the circular vein, force one to make the abdominal incision higher up, interfere with the formation of the pedicle, and may lead to serious hmmorrhage if the circular vein be wounded.There is little risk of hmmorrhage when the operation is performed before labour sets in, provided one operates quickly, uses the elastic tourniquet, has an efficient assistant, and, in fact, regards the whole operation as one analo- gous to a rapid surgical amputation.Three points of scientitic interest come up specially now, namely, the condition of the uterus and placenta in relation to the third stage of labour, the primitive shape of the child's head, and the condition of the patient's urine so far as any peptonuria was concerned.On the second and third points I wish to make a few remarks, as I have considered the uterus and placenta in another paper.Before operation the child was found by palpation lying dorso- interior, with head in the left iliac fossa.A few hours after birth a plaster cast of the upper part of the head was taken.This was found almost perfectly symmetrical, with no shear present.The urine was tested daily during the puerperium for peptones, and none found.Fehling's solution in the cold was the reagent .usd.It is remarkable that this case is, so far as I am aware, the first sucessful Cesarean operation of any kind in Scotland.
The Human Blood Proteins: Methods of Examination and Their Clinical and Practical Significance
Authors: Martin E. Hanke
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This is an extensive treatise covering both chemical and clinical aspects of the plasma proteins. In the title, "blood proteins" is misleading since hemoglobin and blood clotting are omitted entirely. The preparation, properties, and analytical procedures of each of the plasma proteins are discussed in detail. Theory and practice of salting in and salting out, electrophoresis, and of the ultracentrifuge are well covered. In the chapter "Clinical-Chemical Methods" the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the Weltmann Coagulation band, and various turbidity and flocculation reactions are described. More than two-thirds of the book is devoted to the clinical significance of the plasma proteins. This is treated separately (and somewhat repetitively) from 4 points of view: (1) reaction constellation, which is composite graphic representation of sedimentation, flocculation, and electrophoretic data in various classes of diseased states: inflammatory, proliferative, hepatitis, cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, nephrotic, malignant tumor, and plasmocytoma; (2) individual analytical procedures; (3) individual diseases;
Lipids and the endothelium
Authors: A Dart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The normal endothelium is characterised by the production of a number of molecules which affect the contractile state of adjacent myocytes and the behavior of formed elements within the blood stream, and by the absence of cell surface adhesion molecules. In addition, endothelial cells are important modulators of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Whilst effects of lipids have been documented on many of these endothelial processes, there is particularly strong evidence for effects on the vasodilatation mediated by endothelium derived nitric oxide and on the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelial surface. Both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride rich lipoproteins impair endothelium dependent vasodilatation. The effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised with evidence for effects of specific constituents of oxidised LDL, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LDL effects have been demonstrated at numerous sites of the nitric oxide signaling pathway including receptor-G protein coupling, nitric oxide synthase and NO bioactivity, with evidence for enhanced superoxide formation and the consequent production of the less potent dilator peroxynitrite. The effects of lipids on endothelium dependent vasodilatation can be reversed not only by reducing the level of elevated lipids levels but also by provision of the NOS substrate, l-arginine and by the provision of antioxidants, although the mechanism for these effects are not fully elucidated. The adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial surface is stimulated by low density and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. As with endothelium dependent vasodilatation, the effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for low-density lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised, and many of the effects of oxidised LDL can be mimicked by LPC. HDL can overcome pro-adhesive effects of oxidised LDL. The effects of LDL on leukocyte adhesion are secondary to the expression of adhesion molecules on the luminal surfaces of endothelial cells. In addition to the likely deleterious effects of lipids on endothelium-mediated vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, lipids have been shown to affect a number of other endothelial processes and function. Thus, oxidised LDL affects endothelial ET1 and PGI2 release. Although effects have been shown on endothelial cell growth and apoptosis and on endothelial processes related to thrombosis and fibrinolysis, these effects have been less extensively studied than endothelial dependent vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Many of the effects of elevated or modified low density and TG rich lipoproteins on endothelial cells and endothelial cell processes could be expected to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and therefore, to the association between lipids and atherosclerotic, particularly coronary, vascular disease. However, the extent to which "endothelial dysfunction" accounts for the known relationships between serum lipid concentrations and CHD is yet to be established.
Endoscopic measurement of pressure in esophageal varices: Variations and complexities
Authors: John Polio
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

An endoscopic pressure sensor has been evaluated in the measurement of oesophageal variceal pressure and its response to drug ingestion. The variceal pressure showed a highly significant correlation with the splenic pulp pressure (r = 0.97) in six patients with liver disease of diverse aetiology and with hepatic venous wedge pressure (r = 0.92) in eight alcoholic cirrhotic men. Intraduodenal infusion of isosorbide dinitrate in the cirrhotics produced no change in wedge pressure or endoscopic variceal pressure despite profound falls in arterial systolic pressure. Thus isosorbide dinitrate appears to be of no value in treating portal hypertension. This study establishes the endoscopic pressure sensor as a valuable tool in screening drugs in this condition.
Screening for Problem Drinking in Older Primary Care Patients
Authors: Wendy L. Adams, Kristen L. Barry, Michael F. Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe potentially hazardous alcohol use among elderly patients in the primary care setting and to assess the widely used CAGE questionnaire (cut down, annoyed by criticism, guilty about drinking, eye-opener drinks) as a tool for detecting self-reported heavy and binge drinking among these patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The offices of 88 primary care physicians at 21 sites in southeastern Wisconsin. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 5065 consecutive consenting patients older than 60 years. <h3>Measures.</h3> —A previously validated self-administered questionnaire that included beverage-specific questions about the quantity and frequency of regular drinking in the last 3 months, the number of episodes of binge drinking (≥6 drinks per occasion), and the CAGE questionnaire. <h3>Results.</h3> —Fifteen percent of men and 12% of women regularly drank in excess of limits recommended by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (&gt;7 drinks per week for women and &gt;14 drinks per week for men). Nine percent of men and 2% of women reported regularly consuming more than 21 drinks per week. When we administered the CAGE questionnaire, 9% of men and 3% of women screened positive for alcohol abuse within 3 months. The CAGE performed poorly in detecting heavy or binge drinkers; fewer than half were CAGE positive when the standard cutoff of 2 positive answers was used. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Alcohol consumption in excess of recommended limits is common among elderly outpatients. The CAGE questionnaire alone is insufficient to detect such drinking. Asking questions on the quantity and frequency of drinking in addition to administering the CAGE increases the number of problem drinkers detected.
Points from letters: Reticuloendothelial phagocytosis in patients with nephritis
Authors: D L Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1976)

indicates that consultants in teaching hospitals are on average of higher quality than those in peripheral hospitals and that similar considerations apply respectively to those working in the South and the North of England and also to physicians and surgeons as opposed to geriatricians and psychiatrists.If Drs Bruggen and Bourne do not believe this they should say why.There are, of course, people who believe that merit should not be financially rewarded as the work involved is cleaner and more interesting than unskilled work.There are also people who believe that it is impossible to assess merit and it would appear from the Points from LettersClinical or administrative postal addresses ?
Financial Help for Housestaff
Authors: Bohdan A. Oryshkevich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1988Financial Help for HousestaffBohdan A. Oryshkevich, MD, MPHBohdan A. Oryshkevich, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-996_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the article (1) on stress and impairment during residency training, many important issues were raised. The article correctly emphasizes the financial pressures of student indebtedness on work habits, personal life, and professional choice. Unfortunately, the indebtedness of housestaff begins long before the first day of internship. Heavy loan burdens, relatively low salaries, loan deferments, and delayed personal needs lead to a period of negative amortization during residency training.As a result, financial advocacy, services, and planning for both medical students and housestaff should be provided to prevent inevitable financial distress. Specifically, financial counseling by properly trained...Reference1. . Stress and impairment during residency training: strategies for reduction, identification, and management. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:154-61. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany, NY 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 12Page: 996-996KeywordsHabitsResidency Issue Published: 15 December 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Fred H. Allen, Louis K. Diamond, Joseph B. Watrous
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN reviewing the data from 208 cases of erythroblastosis fetalis treated by exchange transfusion, we were surprised to note that although the mortality was over 15 per cent in the whole group, there were no deaths in a group of 42 babies who happened to receive blood from female donors exclusively. This prompted the examination by statistical methods of available data in this large series, which showed that this finding has true significance.It should first be noted that the sex of the blood donor was included in our data only as an afterthought, our interest being turned in this . . .
Inhibition of myc promoter and telomerase activity and induction of delayed apoptosis by SYUIQ-5, a novel G-quadruplex interactive agent in leukemia cells
Authors: J-N Liu, R Deng, J-F Guo, J-M Zhou, G-K Feng, Z-S Huang, L-Q Gu, Y-X Zeng, X-F Zhu
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Neonatal systemic candidiasis treated with miconazole.
Authors: M Clarke, D P Davies, F Odds, C Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

recommendations for hydrallazine therapy and previous evidence.1 3 One report is consistent with our experience.5Autoimmune phenomena were also more frequent in asymptomatic slow acetylators receiving 200 mg hydrallazine a day or less.This has previously been reported only in patients taking over 200 mg hydrallazine daily.2Our study indicates that conventionally "safe" doses of hydrallazine may cause both asymptomatic autoimmune phenomena and a lupus syndrome which is not always mild or transient and may require steroids.Potentially serious hydrallazine toxicity is a possibility in all patients taking this drug even after many months of uncomplicated treatment, but especially in slow acetylators in whom constant vigilance for early symptoms is necessary.
Are epsins a therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis?
Authors: Nancy Klauber-DeMore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Solid tumor growth requires the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the malignant cells; one approach to cancer therapy is to block this process by inhibiting VEGF signaling. In this issue of the JCI, Pasula et al. demonstrate a surprising role of epsins — proteins involved in endocytosis — in tumor angiogenesis via their modulation of VEGF signaling. Their findings suggest that these proteins might represent a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Stored Blood for Transfusion
Authors: J. L. Hamilton-Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Perforationt.-Areview of the literature shows that the estimated incidence of acute perforation among ulcer patients in hospital varies between 4 per cent.(Kruse, 1937) and 19.6 per cent.(Thompson, 1937).Eliason and Ebeling (1929) give 10 per cent., and Brown (1934) 11 per cent.Haemnorrhlage.-The frequency of gross haemorrhage is given variously as 18 per cent.(Lahey, 1930), 20 to 25 per cent.(Gordon-Taylor, 1937), 28 per cent.(Kruse, 1937), 30 per cent.(Allen and Benedict, 1933), and 38 per cent.(Goldman, 1936).Pyloric Stenosis.-Theonly reference I can find to the incidence of organic pyloric stenosis is that of Kruse, who gives a figure of 20 per cent., but mentions that 51 per cent. of peptic ulcers show some obstructive characteristics.Jordan and Kiefer (1934) report on seventy-nine cases in which a six-hour residue was found in the stomach on radiological examination.Only 11 per cent. of these patients required surgical treatment for relief of the obstruction, and it was assumed that in the remainder the obstruction was transient and due to inflammation, spasm, or oedema.Carcinomna.-The literature on peptic ulcer abounds with discussions of the frequency with which carcinoma de- velops on chronic ulcer, and even now that the histological characteristics of ulcer-cancer have been described and generally accepted there is wide variation of opinion.Klein (1938) writes: "Malignant degeneration of chronic gastric ulcer, if it occurs at all, is rare."At the other extreme the astonishing figure of 68 per cent.has been attributed to Wilson and MacCarty, but the latter states (MacCarty, 1927) that it is impossible to determine tLhe correct figure.Dible (1925), in a series of necropsy and operation specimens, estimated an incidence of 1.7 per cent.Gutmann (1935) gives 2 to 4 per cent., and his figures agree with those of Hauser (1926) (3.4 per cent.) and Newcomb (1932) (3.75 per cent.).Stewart's (1926) frequently quoted article gives 6.1 per cent., and from Gomori's (1933) article a figure of 8.6 per cent.can be calculated.Most pathologists now agree that carcinoma is a rare complication of gastric ulcer, and I believe that this view is held by most surgeons, even if their choice of treatment is influenced by the possibility of malignant degeneration.