tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Genotype and Brain Infarction
Authors: Alexis Elbaz, François Cambien, Pierre Amarenco
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Roest et al 1 reported a nested case-control study that assessed the relation between 4G/5G polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in women.The authors found that 4G/4G homozygotes had a decreased risk of dying from stroke compared with 5G/5G homozygotes (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 0.7); the relative risk was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.1) for 4G/5G heterozygotes.The authors raised 2 important issues.First, because the diagnosis was not always confirmed by CT scan or MRI, they could not distinguish brain infarcts (BIs) from hemorrhages, which are very different from a pathophysiological perspective.Thus, the possibility that misclassification may have introduced some bias cannot be discarded.The authors think that this is unlikely because the incidence of brain hemorrhages was lower than that of BIs; however, it is also true that the case fatality of hemorrhages was higher than that of BIs.Because it is likely that any gene associated with stroke will have small effects, it is difficult to draw any conclusions about the impact of misclassification.Second, these findings are somewhat unexpected because the 4G allele is associated with increased PAI-1 transcription.They concluded that PAI-1 may contribute to cerebrovascular disease via pathways other than fibrinolysis, and that additional studies are needed.We studied the relationship between 4G/5G polymorphism and BI in the Etude du profil Ge ´ne ´tique de l'Infarctus Ce ´re ´bral (GÉNIC) case-control study, which examined 461 cases with MRI-proven BI and 461 matched hospital controls (61.6% men; median age, 69 years; range, 20 to 85 years). 2 The distributions of genotypes in cases were as follows: 4G/4G, 27.1%; 4G/5G, 48.4%; and 5G/5G, 24.5%.The distribution in controls was as follows: 4G/4G, 28.0%; 4G/5G, 53.1%; and 5G/5G, 18.9%.When considering 5G/5G homozygotes as the reference group, the odds ratios (ORs) were 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0) for 4G/4G homozygotes and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0) for 4G/5G heterozygotes.Carrying at least one 4G allele was associated with an OR of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0); adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and cholesterol did not modify these findings.This association was not modified by sex (Pϭ0.25),although it was stronger in men (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9) than women (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.4).After stratification by median age, the relation was stronger for younger subjects (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8) than for older subjects (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.4; interaction, Pϭ0.05).Only patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease were studied in the GÉNIC study, and we also found that 4G carriers were at decreased risk of BI (lethal or nonlethal).These results are similar to those reported by Roest et al, 1 and this association remains to be understood.
Nine out of 10 sunbeds in England emit ultraviolet radiation levels that exceed current safety limits
Authors: P. Tierney, J. Ferguson, S. Ibbotson, R. Dawe, E. Eadie, H. Moseley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is recognized as the principal cause of skin cancer. Moreover, sunbeds have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Despite this, there is a shortage of objective data on UV exposure levels in sunbeds in England. Objectives We set out to measure UV emission levels in sunbeds at sites around England, and to compare these levels with both current standards and natural sunlight. Methods Between October 2010 and February 2011, UV spectra were measured on site from a total of 402 artificial tanning units in England. Measurement instrumentation was calibrated, traceable to the National Physical Laboratory. Compliance with the relevant British and European standard was determined, and a skin-cancer weighting factor was used to compare the carcinogenic potential of sunbeds with that of sunlight. Results For compliance with the European standard, erythemal-effective irradiance should not exceed 0·3 W m−2. The values that we measured ranged between 0·10 and 1·32 W m−2 with a mean of 0·56 ± 0·21 W m−2. Only 10% of sunbeds surveyed were within the recommended limit. Application of the skin-cancer weighting factor produced values that varied from 0·17 to 2·52 W m−2 with a mean of 0·99 ± 0·41 W m−2. The comparable value for Mediterranean noonday sun was 0·43 W m−2. Conclusions Nine out of 10 sunbeds surveyed throughout England emitted levels of UV radiation that exceed the maximum levels contained within the European standard. Moreover, the skin cancer risk for comparable times of exposure was up to six times higher than that for Mediterranean sunlight. This situation is unacceptable and stricter control measures must be put in place.
Abstract # 14474: Chymase Inhibition Reduces Myocardial Infarction And Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activation Following Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Shizu Oyamada, Cesario Bianchi, Shinji Takai, Jun Feng, Yuhong Liu, Louis Chu, Frank W Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Post-Compressionism Spring
Authors: Annette Livet
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fraud investigation concludes that self regulation has failed
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A task force investigating one of Germany's most spectacular cases of scientific fraud has found that the number of forgeries was more than expected and more scientists may have been involved than previously thought.

The task force, headed by cell biologist Ulf Rapp of the University of Wurzburg, was looking into the fraud perpetrated by cancer specialists Friedhelm Hermann of Berlin, and Marion Brach of Lubeck. In 1997, they were found to have forged several publications and were dismissed from their university posts as professors.

Both of them denied any wrongdoing and accused the other …
Diaphragm dysfunction in heart failure is accompanied by increases in neutral sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide content
Authors: Hyacinth M. Empinado, Gergana M. Deevska, Mariana Nikolova‐Karakashian, Jeung‐Ki Yoo, Demetra D. Christou, Leonardo F. Ferreira
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Abstract 16741: The Cost-Effectiveness of Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ARISTOTLE Study Group
Authors: Patricia A Cowper, Shubin Sheng, Kevin J Anstrom, Judith A Stafford, Renato D Lopes, Linda Davidson-Ray, Lars Wallentin, Hemant M Phatak, Jack Ansell, Paul Dorian, Steen Husted, John J McMurray, P. Gabriel Steg, John H Alexander, Christopher B Granger, Daniel B Mark
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: In Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE), apixaban (vs. warfarin) significantly reduced stroke, death, and major bleeding in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of apixaban vs. warfarin from the perspective of the US health care system. Methods: Resource use (service dates, intensive care days, days on drug) was obtained from ARISTOTLE case report forms. Unit costs for components of hospital-based care of AF patients were estimated with generalized linear models using the national Premier database. Daily cost of anticoagulants was based on current acquisition cost (apixaban=$9.49; warfarin=$0.09) for 10 years, after which time apixaban was valued at projected costs of generic substitutes ($1.89). Physician services and anticoagulant monitoring were valued using Medicare fees. Within-trial costs were estimated using inverse probability weighting for differential follow-up. Survival was modeled with patient-level ARISTOTLE data using a two stage approach that combined a time-based Cox model for the within-trial period and an age-based Cox model for extrapolation. Uncertainty surrounding estimates of cost, life expectancy and cost/per life year gained was characterized with bootstraps and sensitivity analyses. Results: After 2 years, costs in the US cohort (n=3417) excluding study drug and monitoring averaged $306 less with apixaban than warfarin ($6257 vs. $6563). This difference was more than offset by higher apixaban anticoagulation costs ($6160 vs. $1181), resulting in an overall increase of $4673/patient. Over a lifetime, gains in life expectancy with apixaban (9.92 vs. 9.69; p&lt;.001) were achieved at an additional cost of $17,564 ($29,447 vs. $11,883; p&lt;.001), yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $76,365/life year gained (85% likelihood of meeting $110,000 willingness to pay threshold). Cost-effectiveness was most sensitive to cost of apixaban. Conclusions: Reductions in mortality, stroke, and bleeding observed in ARISTOTLE translate to significant increases in life expectancy. At an estimated ICER of $76,365/life year gained, apixaban is a cost-effective alternative to warfarin.
987. Highly Efficient Regulation of Gene Expression by Tetracycline in a Novel Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Viral Vector
Authors: Daniel F. Jimenez, Chang I. Lee, Cristin E. O'Shea, Donald B. Kohn, Alice F. Tarantal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Fetal gene transfer is a promising therapy for the correction of pathology associated with inherited or acquired diseases, however information on the optimal conditions for gene transfer is limited. In this study, we have determined the effect of the time of gene transfer and route of administration on the efficiency of this approach. Fetal rhesus monkeys were injected intraperitoneal (IP) at 40 (N=4) or 60 (N=4) days of gestation (term 165±10 days) with 2 × 107 HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector particles/fetus (HIV/VSV-G/MND/EGFP) and gene marking and expression was assessed in multiple tissues (cerebrum, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lung, heart, pericardium, thorax, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenals, gonads, stomach, colon, diaphragm, omentum, peritoneum, bone marrow) using quantitative real-time PCR. Results were compared to lentiviral vector gene transfer using the intrahepatic (IH) (N=4) and intraportal (Ipo) (N=4) routes of administration. Analysis revealed that gene transfer at 40 days gestation resulted in high gene marking in omentum (18%), peritoneum (1%) and diaphragm (5%) with levels up to 400-fold higher than in other abdominal organs. The amount of gene expression highly correlated (P < 0.0001) with the extent of gene transduction within the peritoneal cavity. We obtained similar vector biodistribution at 60 days gestation, and no significant differences in the amount of gene transfer (P < 0.005) were found between the groups. However, gene transfer and expression at 40 versus 60 days gestation in nonabdominal tissues were 3 - 20 and 4 - 400 - fold higher, respectively. When comparing IH to IP gene delivery, a similar vector biodistribution was found with no significant differences on the extent of gene transfer (P < 0.05) in all tissues examined. In contrast, Ipo administration resulted in a reduction of vector spread and a 200-fold reduction in the level of gene marking when compared to the IP route of administration. In conclusion, definition of the conditions at the time of fetal transfer will further shape the feasibility and safety of this approach for the treatment of human disease.
Abstract 11035: Impact of Cognitive Impairment on 30-Day Heart Failure Readmission Among Older Adults
Authors: Chizoba Ugwummadu, Katherine Duffy, Amenuve Bekui, Mark Trentalange, Thomas Donohue, Gerard Kerins
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: In the US, heart failure has the highest total care cost to healthcare system with 6 months readmission rate of up to 44%. A strong association exists between 6-month readmission for heart failure and cognitive impairment. In 2012, Medicare adopted 30-day readmission for heart failure as one of the quality measure to assess hospitals’ readmission performance. We seek to determine whether cognitive impairment played a role in 30-day heart failure readmission. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 133 patients aged ≥65 years admitted with heart failure. We administered a brief cognitive test (CLOX) close to discharge. The patients were classified as cognitively impaired (n=90) or non-cognitively impaired (n=43) based on their CLOX score and followed for 30 days. The main outcome measure was readmission within 30 days of discharge. Readmission percentages of the two groups were compared using Fisher exact test as well as for these groups within discharge destinations. Cox regression was used to...
Abstract 18795: Resting Patient- and Vessel-Specific Myocardial Perfusion Attenuation Patterns Improves Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Guanglei Xiong, Iksung Cho, Heidi Gransar, Deeksha Kola, Kimberly Elmore, Ran Heo, Hilary Soohoo, Quynh Truong, Hyuk-Jae Chang, James K Min
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) demonstrates improved performance for diagnosis of high-grade coronary stenoses, but may be affected by artifacts and overestimation of stenosis severity. Whether the addition of resting myocardial perfusion attenuation patterns subtended by stenosis seen on CCTA improves diagnostic performance has not been examined to date. Methods: We evaluated 127 patients (mean age 53.0, 54.3% male) who underwent CCTA and ICA. Percentage of coronary stenosis was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), which served as the reference comparator to CCTA. CCTA stenosis was categorized as 0%, 1-24%, 25-49%, 50-69%, 70-99%, and 100% luminal diameter reduction. Automated software (SmartHeart, Redwood City, CA) was used to measure resting CT perfusion attenuation patterns in myocardial segments by AHA 17-segment model. Segmental CT attenuation values were assigned to territories subtended by left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary arteries (RCA). Per-patient and per-vessel analyses were based on highest severity (maximal stenosis, minimal attenuation). On both per-patient and per-vessel basis, logistic regression was devised for CCTA stenosis alone and for CCTA plus resting myocardial attenuation. Diagnostic accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were determined. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of CCTA alone was 84.0%, 85.5%, 90.4%, and 88.6%, at per-patient, per-LAD, per-LCX and per-RCA level, respectively. In comparison, the accuracy of CCTA plus myocardial attenuation were 89.6%, 91.9%, 95.2%, and 92.7%. The AUCs using CCTA alone to discriminate QCA-confirmed coronary stenoses &gt;70% were 0.823 (95% CI: 0.737-0.909), 0.782 (95% CI: 0.667-0.898), 0.690 (95% CI: 0.503-0.878), and 0.793 (95% CI: 0.640-0.945) for per-patient, per-LAD, per-LCX, and per-RCA analysis, respectively. The AUCs using CCTA plus myocardial attenuation improved to 0.864 (95% CI: 0.765-0.962), 0.881 (95% CI: 0.793-0.968), 0.772 (95% CI: 0.535-1.000), and 0.820 (95% CI: 0.685-0.954). Conclusions: The addition of resting CT myocardial perfusion attenuation patterns improves identification and discrimination of high-grade coronary stenosis by CCTA.
Abstract 2602: KRAS G12D and G12V specific alkylating agent (KR12) inhibits growth of colon cancer with those KRAS mutations <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Hiroki Nagase, Kiriko Hiraoka, Takahiro Inoue, Takayoshi Watanabe, Ken-Ichi Shinohara, Nobuko Koshikawa, Ozaki Toshinori
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite extensive efforts to develop chemotherapeutic drug(s) targeting mutated RAS, the successful drug discovery, especially targeting KRAS codon 12 mutation, has never been made. We have found that Pyrrole-Imidazole polyamide seco-CBI conjugate (KR12) selectively recognized mutated KRAS sequence (ACGCCT-A/T-CA) at codon 12 and significantly suppressed tumor growth specifically in human colon cancer cells with G12D or G12V mutation. KRAS expression suppressed preferentially at mutated allele and active KRAS were markedly reduced. G2/M arrest, senescence and subsequent apoptosis by activating the p53 pathway were observed in KR12-exposed LS180 cells with G12D heterozygous mutation. In LS180 and SW480 (G12V homozygous mutation) xenograft colon cancer models, KR12 treatment induced massive tumor growth suppression with low host toxicity. Collectively, our current results strongly suggest that KR12 is a specific alkylating agent against KRAS codon 12 mutations, and could become a powerful candidate compound for the unmet need of KRAS-mutant tumor treatment. Citation Format: Hiroki Nagase, Kiriko Hiraoka, Takahiro Inoue, Takayoshi Watanabe, Ken-Ichi Shinohara, Nobuko Koshikawa, Ozaki Toshinori. KRAS G12D and G12V specific alkylating agent (KR12) inhibits growth of colon cancer with those KRAS mutations in vitro as well as in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2602. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2602
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: Description of the First Fifty‐Two Adults Enrolled in the French Cohort of Patients With Primary Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Hubert de Boysson, Mathieu Zuber, Olivier Naggara, Jean‐Philippe Neau, Françoise Gray, Marie‐Germaine Bousser, Isabelle Crassard, Emmanuel Touzé, Pierre‐Olivier Couraud, Philippe Kerschen, Catherine Oppenheim, Olivier Detante, Anthony Faivre, Nicolas Gaillard, Caroline Arquizan, Boris Bienvenu, Antoine Néel, Loïc Guillevin, Christian Pagnoux
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective To describe characteristics and outcomes of a multicenter cohort of patients diagnosed as having primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS). Methods In 2010, we initiated a cohort study of adults diagnosed as having PACNS ≤15 years ago and with followup of &gt;6 months (unless they died earlier of biopsy‐proven PACNS). Its first analysis was planned at 2 years. Multidisciplinary investigators verified that appropriate investigations were done and excluded patients with possible alternative diagnoses. We analyzed patient demographics and symptoms, laboratory, radiographic, and histologic findings, and treatments. Studied outcomes included treatment response(s), relapse, death, and disability. Results We included 52 patients (30 males; median age at diagnosis 43.5 years [range 18–79 years]) in whom PACNS was diagnosed between 1996 and 2012. Nineteen (61%) of 31 patients who had undergone brain biopsy had histologic vasculitis (biopsy‐proven PACNS), while the other 12 patients had normal or noncontributive biopsy samples. An additional 21 patients had signs suggestive of PACNS on conventional cerebral angiography. All but 1 patient received corticosteroids, and 44 patients received cyclophosphamide (CYC). After a median followup of 35 months (range 2–148 months) postdiagnosis (1 patient with biopsy‐proven PACNS died 2 months after diagnosis), 32 patients responded to treatment with improved modified Rankin scale scores, 4 patients (8%) did not respond, 14 patients (27%) had relapse of their disease at least once, and 3 patients (6%) died (1 patient after a relapse). Relapse was more common in patients with than in those without meningeal gadolinium enhancements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (8 of 10 [80%] versus 6 of 32 [19%]; P = 0.001) and more common in patients with than in those without seizures at diagnosis (8 of 17 [47%] versus 6 of 35 [17%]; P = 0.04). Conclusion In this cohort of patients with PACNS, most patients received corticosteroids and CYC, and mortality was low. Patients with seizures at diagnosis or meningeal enhancements on MRI may be prone to relapse and require a different treatment strategy.
PSYCHONEUROSES IN WAR TIME
Authors: Lloyd H. Ziegler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 June 1943PSYCHONEUROSES IN WAR TIMELLOYD H. ZIEGLER, M.D.LLOYD H. ZIEGLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-6-941 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the Dialogues of Plato, written more than 2000 years ago, one finds the following description of Herodicus:"He had a mortal disease which he perpetually tended, and as recovery was out of the question, he passed his entire life as a valetudinarian; he could do nothing but attend upon himself, and was in constant torment whenever he departed in anything from his usual regimen, and so dying hard, by the help of science, he struggled on to an old age, a rare reward of his skill!"This description suggests to us that the disorders of human nature have not...Bibliography1. GILLESPIE RD: Psychological effects of war on citizen and soldier, 1942, Norton, pp. 251. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wauwatosa, Wisconsin*Read before the Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, November 21, 1942. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1943Volume 18, Issue 6Page: 941-948 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemoprotective effects of KF41399, a derivative of carbazole compounds, on nimustine-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yukimasa Shiotsu, Kinya Yamashita, Fumihiko Kanai, Yoji Ikuina, Chikara Murakata, Masanao Teramura, Hideaki Mizoguchi, Tatsuya Tamaoki, Shiro Akinaga
Journal: Blood (2000)