tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE METABOLISM AND ACIDITY OF THE FOETAL TISSUES AND FLUIDS
Authors: W. B. Bell, L. Cunningham, M. Jowett, H. Millet, J. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1928)

tle co11i-se of our11 studies on1 thie natur e of malign1an}t ieoplasia we lhave obtained and liave pub)lislled 11 ; t evidence in supl)ort of our or iginial hypothesis, and in lParticular of that Plart of it which assumed that tile clhorionic epithelium of the placenta is a imialiglialit tisssue.In this paper we presemmt fulither ob)servations along the same lilnes, which, mnoreover, are of considerable obstetrical intertst, both frolii physiological anid patliological poilnt's of vice-.It will be iisef li first briefly to -oiisider current, viewscoml-crIiing tile caibolydiate supplv of t1he foetuss.(urrent Viwcrs of t1ie Carbohyd i-ate Sepplyj of the Foetulls.A large number of observers have investigated -liat is called the glvcogenic function of tIle I)1acemita si1nce Claud(le Beriiard51 in 1859 fir st demonstrated glycogen iii rie pregmiaimt uterus of the abbit; and it al)leati-s tlht coul- siderable (-onflusioni has been caused hv the in(clusionl of tlle maternial decidnia bAmsalis in the tem-iiim plit-centa."TIme pl)aeenta slhouild be regar ded as ani enitirelv foetal structmmre., amid time imaternal decidiia as auxiliai-v omi-v to the functionls if the placenta prioiem.This is further emmihma,ized bx-tIme observations of Driessen,12 wIllo sllou-e(l thait g_l (-ofl is storedh in tile prememcnstrual enmlomnetriimin (ill whiitIl a (lecidiual reaction OcurIlIs), as in time deciluta of l)piieglany.Chipaman, °and Lochihead aIiCl C(ramiei-, ,5 a little later, sliowe(il conclusively timat glycogen-is-founlld onily ill tile imiateimimal (lecidua anid never in time foetal that i,s thle tr ue lplacenlta.
Asymptomatic Cavitary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Herbert W. Bistrong
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Sarcoidosis is an unusual cause for solitary cavitation of the lung. Its occurrence had been associated with advanced pulmonary and parenchymal involvement. Case reports of cavitary formation clearly due to sarcoidosis are rare. There has been no previous report of cavitary sarcoidosis occurring in an asymptomatic patient.
THE SURGERY OF RICKETS.
Authors: HENRY LING TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Out of 42,124 new cases applying for treatment in the ten years, 1890-1899, at the orthopedic clinic of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, 6,583, or over 15 per cent., suffered from rickets or the deformities most frequently caused by rickets, such as bow-legs, knock-knees and pigeon breast. While it would be erroneous to class all cases of bow-legs and knock-knees as rhachitic, in the class and grade of cases applying at the clinic the large majority are due to this cause. Making allowance for a considerable number of patients with varicose veins and other purely medical or surgical affections, it is safe to say that rhachitic patients form nearly one-fifth of the orthopedic cases at this clinic. Of the total number of rhachitics about one-half came on account of bow-legs, over one-quarter for knock-knees and the remainder for anterior tibial curves, rhachitic spine, pigeon breast and other deformities,
NHS national programme for information technology
Authors: Ted A Willis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT), has highlighted the lack of clinicians' engagement with this £6bn project.The advisory board represents a much needed injection of resources to NHS information technology systems, which could bring many benefits to care for patients and clinicians' working practices.The Wanless reports have emphasised the importance of information technology in the future of healthcare in the United Kingdom. 1 A national programme could avoid the problems around interoperability associated with past failures in NHS information technology systems.However, the secrecy surrounding the procurement phase of the programme has led to an increasing feeling of unease among clinician end users.Anxieties prevail about changes in working practices, usability of systems, training needs, and the possibility that political expediency will overshadow clinical needs.Aidan Halligan, the deputy chief medical officer, has been charged with ensuring clinical engagement with the programme. 2 The good news for the Department of Health comes from its survey, carried out by Medix, which shows that many doctors are enthusiastic about the potential of the national programme, with three quarters of respondents endorsing it as an important NHS priority. 3 Only 4% of respondents thought, however, that they had been adequately consulted.The recently announced new Front Line Support Academy aims to correct omissions at the leadership level.
The Trainee's Companion to General Practice
Authors: G J Ingrams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Joe Rosenthal, Jeannette Naish, Margaret Lloyd Churchill Livingstone, £19.95, pp 301 ISBN 0-443-04703-0

There is much more to general practice than bald facts, although these other aspects have not been covered comprehensively in one text. At present GP trainees are often inundated with lists of many different texts covering particular aspects - for example, the consultation as a therapeutic tool, how to manage a small business, the bewildering number of different forms, etc.

The Trainee's Companion to General Practice aims at …
Cytoplasmic HuR Expression Is a Prognostic Factor in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Mira Heinonen, Petri Bono, Kirsi Narko, Sung-Hee Chang, Johan Lundin, Heikki Joensuu, Henry Furneaux, Timothy Hla, Caj Haglund, Ari Ristimäki
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract HuR is a ubiquitously expressed mRNA-binding protein. Intracellular localization of HuR is predominantly nuclear, but it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm it can stabilize certain transcripts. Because nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HuR is necessary for its activity, it was hypothesized that cytoplasmic HuR expression in cancer cells could be a prognostic marker. To test the significance of HuR in carcinogenesis of the breast, we have investigated HuR expression in a mouse mammary gland tumor model and from 133 invasive ductal breast carcinoma specimens. HuR expression was elevated in the cyclooxygenase-2 transgene–induced mouse mammary tumors, and its expression was predominantly cytoplasmic in the tumor cells. In the human carcinoma samples, high cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for HuR was found in 29% (38 of 133) of the cases. Cytoplasmic HuR expression associated with high grade (P = 0.0050) and tumor size over 2 cm (P = 0.0082). Five-year distant disease-free survival rate was 42% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 26-58] in cytoplasm-high category and 84% (95% CI, 76-91) in cytoplasm-negative or -low category (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and high cytoplasmic expression of HuR was an independent prognostic factor in a Cox multivariate model (relative risk 2.07; 95% CI, 1.05-4.07). Moreover, high cytoplasmic HuR immunopositivity was significantly associated with poor outcome in the subgroup of node-negative breast cancer in a univariate analysis (P &amp;lt; 0.0007). Our results show that high cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with a poor histologic differentiation, large tumor size, and poor survival in ductal breast carcinoma. Thus, HuR is the first mRNA stability protein of which expression associates with poor outcome in breast cancer.
Relationship of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors to Goblet Cell Production in Human Bronchi
Authors: KIYOSHI TAKEYAMA, JOHN V. FAHY, JAY A. NADEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To determine the relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression to mucin synthesis in human airways, we examined EGFR and MUC5AC expression at both gene and protein levels using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis in human bronchi. Bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 asthmatic subjects and 11 healthy subjects. In asthmatic airways, EGFR mRNA was expressed in the airway epithelium. EGFR immunoreactivity staining patterns varied among the asthmatic airways: staining was positive mainly in goblet cells, in basal cells, or in both. In contrast, healthy airways showed little expression of EGFR mRNA; EGFR immunoreactivity was observed mainly in goblet cells. In parallel to EGFR expression, MUC5AC mRNA expression was greater in asthmatic airways; mucous glycoconjugates that stained positively with Alcian blue/PAS were also increased in asthmatic airways. Ciliated cells were negative for EGFR and MUC5AC both in asthmatic and in healthy subjects at both mRNA and protein levels. There was a significant positive correlation between EGFR immunoreactivity and the area of MUC5AC-positive staining in both asthmatics and healthy subjects. These findings suggest a sequence of events by which EGFR activation is involved in mucin expression in asthmatic airway epithelium.
Charity highlights decline in health in Gaza
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A survey of patients in hospitals and clinics throughout the Gaza strip has indicated that public health is suffering as a result of the combined effects of military incursions and the embargo on international aid. 

Conditions in Gaza, one of the world's most densely populated areas, have deteriorated sharply since April, when the electoral victory of Hamas led foreign governments to suspend aid to the Palestinian Authority. 

A survey conducted by the aid charity Medecins du Monde in June highlighted widespread poverty, growing mental health problems, and a rising prevalence of diarrhoea among children. 

Days after that survey Palestinian militants seized an Israeli soldier from a border post, triggering Operation Summer Rain, a series of military incursions into the Palestinian territories. In addition to recovering the kidnapped soldier, Israel seeks to …
Accreditation for Clinical Trials
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute and fulminant adenovirus hepatitis in liver transplant recipients: Diagnosis and management
Authors: E. Sokal, J. Rahier, J. de Ville de Goyet, D. Alberti, L. Carouy, C. Cornu, M. Lamy, G. Burtomboy, D. Moulin, J.P. Buts, J.B. Otte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Familial Cardiomyopathy, Hypogonadism, and Collagenoma
Authors: HARVEY N. SACKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A patient with tricuspid regurgitation by clinical evaluation, cardiac catheterization, and angiography was found at autopsy to have a cardiomyopathy involving both ventricles but with predominant involvement of the right ventricle. He also had primary testicular failure and a distinctive type of collagenoma. The patient's two brothers were examined and found to have similar collagenomas and testicular failure. Evidence for a mild to moderate degree of cardiomyopathy was also apparent by findings on physical examination, chest roentgenogram, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. The father was known to have had a similar skin lesion and congestive heart failure. The aspects of the clinical presentation of this patient and the findings in the two brothers are discussed. A common genetic link in this familial syndrome is not elucidated.
A Decade of Health Services: Social Survey Trends in Use and Expenditure
Authors: Bruce E. Balfe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The health care industry is currently the subject of much criticism and controversy. At no other time in its history has the medical profession had to defend itself so often or so fervently. In the midst of all the charges and countercharges, many of which are based either on emotion or opinion, comes the cry, "Doesn't anyone have any data on this?" Unfortunately, very often no one does. However, there are a number of sources from which meaningful and reliable data have become available. One of the best such sources has been the Health Information Foundation, which is now part of the Center for Health Administration Studies at the University of Chicago. <i>A Decade of Health Services</i>is the third in a series of surveys designed to describe the public consumption of medical care, how people are charged for the services they use, and how they pay for the services.
Calcium carbonate in human gallstones and total CO2 in bile.
Authors: D J Sutor, L I Wilkie
Journal: Gut (1978)

Measurement of total CO2 concentrations in bile from patients undergoing cholecystectomy because of gallstones has shown that the presence of calcium carbonate in the stones can be associated with a raised total CO2 concentration in the common duct bile. In bile from functioning and poorly-functioning gallbladders, total CO2 was nearly always related to pH irrespective of stone composition.
Control of Glucose Level
Authors: Bernard A. Kats
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The algorithm presented by Woodruff et al (1980;244:166) to prevent perioperative hyperglycemia may be less simple than the innocent reader realizes at first glance. The authors refer briefly to this in their final paragraph. For example, I am concerned with the casual reference to the two subjects whose serum glucose level declined to dangerously low levels during surgery. Granted they were young and their coronary arteries apparently patent; however, the potentially lethal combination of hypoglycemia, hypoxemia, and certain drugs or metabolites in the bloodstream is well known. 1   In addition, I am intrigued by the risk-benefit consideration during selection of subject 3. The primary goal of the authors is adequate control of glucose levels, thereby preventing complications. One of the fringe benefits of good control is cost containment. The algorithm may serve that purpose, but oversimplification can readily defeat it. 2
Genetic Screening: The Ethics of Knowing
Authors: Willard Gaylin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The possibility of a safe and accurate test for the presymptomatic detection of Huntington's chorea as reported by Klawans et al. in this issue of the Journal may well spark another debate over the ethics of screening technics for incurable disease. Indeed, an earlier report of this research provoked just such a response. One reader argued1 that "it is not unreasonable to withhold the use of a test of this sort until we have something tangible to offer those who give a positive result."It is a tribute to the success of medicine that the interest in the ethical and . . .
Nitric oxide synthase induction with renal transplant rejection or infection
Authors: Shannon D. Smith, Marcia A. Wheeler, Rong Zhang, Erik D. Weiss, Marc I. Lorber, William C. Sessa, Robert M. Weiss
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) is readily oxidized to nitrate and nitrite and NO activates guanylyl cyclase, increasing cyclic GMP levels. To determine if nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is present in urine collected daily from patients following renal transplantation, we evaluated NOS activity in the leukocyte-rich particulate fraction and measured nitrate, nitrite, and cyclic GMP levels in the supernatant fraction of the urine. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and cDNA sequencing confirmed the presence of inducible NOS (iNOS) in cells obtained from the urine of renal transplant patients with rejection. NOS activity was elevated significantly in renal transplant patients with rejection (6.40 +/- 1.47 pmol citrulline/min/mg protein) or with urinary tract infection (29.56 +/- 11.00 pmol citrulline/min/mg protein), when compared to post-renal transplantation patients without rejection or urinary tract infection (0.51 +/- 0.21 pmol citrulline/min/mg protein). Nitrate levels increased in renal transplant patients with rejection and nitrite levels increased in renal transplant patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Cyclic GMP levels increased with both rejection and UTI. This study demonstrates the presence of NOS activity and inducible NOS-mRNA in cells isolated from the urine of patients undergoing renal allograft rejection.
Adriamycin: A New Effective Therapy for Metastatic Sarcoma.
Authors: Robert S. Benjamin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Adriamycin: A New Effective Therapy for Metastatic Sarcoma.Robert S. Benjamin, M.D., Peter H. Wiernik, M.D., Nicholas R. Bachur, M.D.Robert S. Benjamin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter H. Wiernik, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Nicholas R. Bachur, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-831_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of adriamycin in patients with metastatic sarcomas. Thus far 27 patients have been treated; 21 are presently evaluable. The dosage schedule was based on our pharmacologic observations of a long plasma half-life in patients with normal liver function and markedly elevated plasma levels, delayed drug elimination, and severe toxicity in patients with liver disease. One dose, 60 mg/m2body surface area, was administered intravenously to patients with normal liver function. The dose was reduced by 50% to 75% for patients with liver disease, to achieve plasma levels comparable to those... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 831-831KeywordsAdverse reactionsBlood plasmaBody surface areaHalf lifeLiverLiver diseasesSarcomaToxicity Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women Is Associated With Higher Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines and With Reduced Insulin Response Through Interleukin-6
Authors: Mireille N.M. van Poppel, Miriam Peinhaupt, Marelise E.W. Eekhoff, Akos Heinemann, Nicolette Oostdam, Maurice G.A.J. Wouters, Willem van Mechelen, Gernot Desoye
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Previously, we reported the positive association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese pregnant women. We sought to assess whether these MVPA-induced changes in insulin sensitivity are mediated by changes in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 46 overweight and obese women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Objective physical activity measurements and fasting blood samples were taken at 15, 24, and 32 weeks of pregnancy. At 24 and 32 weeks, a 100-g oral glucose test was performed in addition. Cytokines, C-reactive protein, and glucose and insulin levels were measured, and insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin response were calculated. Relationships between the different parameters were assessed using linear regression models, adjusting for maternal age and BMI. RESULTS All cytokines were elevated in women with higher levels of MVPA at 15 weeks of gestation. Higher IL-6 was related to a lower first-phase insulin response (β −810.5 [95% CI –1,524.5 to –96.5]; P = 0.03). TNF-α and IL-1β had different effects in women with low MVPA (with low IL-6 levels) compared with more active women. CRP was not related to MVPA. CONCLUSIONS The association of MVPA with insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin response may be (partly) mediated by IL-6, since this cytokine was related to reduced first-phase insulin response. The possible positive effects of the elevated cytokine profile in active obese pregnant women warrant further study.
Hibernation in Mammals
Authors: Alfred P. Fishman, CHARLES P. LYMAN
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Hibernation and enforced hypothermia in mammals are widely different physiologic states. Prior to hibernation there are various preparations for the hibernating state, including polyglandular endocrine involution, fattening and/or food storage, and changes in the saturation of depot fat in some animals. The actual causes for the onset of hibernation are unknown, for most hibernators can remain active at low environmental temperatures for long periods. Entrance into hibernation is under precise physiologic control, with heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen consumption slowing before a decline in body temperature. A reasonably high blood pressure is maintained during this period and in deep hibernation by an increased peripheral resistance produced in part by vasoconstriction. Homeostasis is continued in hibernation, as evidenced by a normal blood pH, a sensitivity to inspired CO 2 , and a response to ambient temperature below 0 C. by increased metabolic rate. At any time during entrance into hibernation or during hibernation the animal may arouse from this condition. Arousal is a coordinated physiologic event in which the anterior of the body is warmed rapidly by shivering and other heat generating mechanisms, while warmed blood is shunted from the posterior by differential vasoconstriction until the anterior reaches nearly 37 C. The tissues and organs of mammals that hibernate are capable of useful function at lower temperatures than the tissues of mammals that do not hibernate, but a hypothermed mammal that can hibernate will die in hypothermia even though it lives longer and at a lower temperature than a mammal that can not hibernate. Hibernation must involve a resetting of the "physiologic thermostat," which thus permits a controlled cooling of the animal, but the nature of this "resetting" is not known.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT IN EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE
Authors: F. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1930)

DICALJORA example of obvious anxiety).Thie anxious atmosphlrs surr1 ouiiidinig the clhild becomiies the natur al one for, it.Anxiety is there as a mlatter of course, colouring all its VieVs a"Ind enterl)rises.The saame holds for the geiiesis of rnin\ childish phobias.These are often the crystallization at one )point of a general setise of insecurit easily engen1 dered in a younig child facing a big and d wdT wrld.
Medical progress depends on animal models – doesn't it?
Authors: Susan Green
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

contrary to the previous ones so that an accretion of crosscutting changes has developed.Powerful, perverse and non-aligned incentives undermine the development of cost-effective, integrated services.Leaders keep changing, and each new one asserts his or her presence by correcting or reversing previous initiatives and instigating new ones.Current initiatives -such as 'payment by results', which has nothing to do with payment by results but rather payment by activity -build in perverse incentives that will distort services in new ways.Until the economics and organisation of services support cost-effective, integrated services of quality for patients, a culture of Confidence, Compassion, Connectedness and Curiosity will not happen.