tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support for breast cancer in North America.
Authors: K H Antman, P A Rowlings, W P Vaughan, C J Pelz, J W Fay, K K Fields, C O Freytes, R P Gale, B E Hillner, H K Holland, M J Kennedy, J P Klein, H M Lazarus, P L McCarthy, R Saez, G Spitzer, E A Stadtmauer, S F Williams, S Wolff, K A Sobocinski, J O Armitage, M M Horowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To identify trends in high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support (autotransplants) for breast cancer (1989 to 1995). PATIENTS AND METHODS Analysis of patients who received autotransplants and were reported to the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. Between January 1, 1989 and June 30, 1995, 19,291 autotransplants were reviewed; 5,886 were for breast cancer. Main outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and survival. RESULTS Between 1989 and 1995, autotransplants for breast cancer increased sixfold. After 1992, breast cancer was the most common indication for autotransplant. Significant trends included increasing use for locally advanced rather than metastatic disease (P &lt; .00001) and use of blood-derived rather than marrow-derived stem cells (P &lt; .00001). One-hundred-day mortality decreased from 22% to 5% (P &lt; .0001). Three-year PFS probabilities were 65% (95% confidence intervals [Cls], 59 to 71) for stage 2 disease, and 60% (95% Cl, 53 to 67) for stage 3 disease. In metastatic breast cancer, 3-year probabilities of PFS were 7% (95% Cl, 4 to 10) for women with no response to conventional dose chemotherapy; 13% (95% Cl, 9 to 17) for those with partial response; and 32% (95% Cl, 27 to 37) for those with complete response. Eleven percent of women with stage 2/3 disease and less than 1% of those with stage 4 disease participated in national cooperative group randomized trials. CONCLUSION Autotransplants increasingly are used to treat breast cancer. One-hundred-day mortality has decreased substantially. Three-year survival is better in women with earlier stage disease and in those who respond to pretransplant chemotherapy.
New topics in bradykinin research
Authors: M. Maurer, M. Bader, M. Bas, F. Bossi, M. Cicardi, M. Cugno, P. Howarth, A. Kaplan, G. Kojda, F. Leeb‐Lundberg, J. Lötvall, M. Magerl
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article : Maurer M, Bader M, Bas M, Bossi F, Cicardi M, Cugno M, Howarth P, Kaplan A, Kojda G, Leeb‐Lundberg F, Lötvall J, Magerl M. New topics in bradykinin research. Allergy 2011; 66 : 1397–1406. Abstract Bradykinin has been implicated to contribute to allergic inflammation and the pathogenesis of allergic conditions. It binds to endothelial B 1 and B 2 receptors and exerts potent pharmacological and physiological effects, notably, decreased blood pressure, increased vascular permeability and the promotion of classical symptoms of inflammation such as vasodilation, hyperthermia, oedema and pain. Towards potential clinical benefit, bradykinin has also been shown to exert potent antithrombogenic, antiproliferative and antifibrogenic effects. The development of pharmacologically active substances, such as bradykinin receptor blockers, opens up new therapeutic options that require further research into bradykinin. This review presents current understanding surrounding the role of bradykinin in nonallergic angioedema and other conditions seen by allergists and emergency physicians, and its potential role as a therapeutic target.
Serological Analysis of Cell Surface Antigens of Tumors Induced by Murine Leukemia Virus
Authors: Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A W/Fu rat antiserum to a syngeneic Gross virus-induced tumor had cytotoxic reactivity with Gross tumors and also with tumors induced by Moloney and Rauscher viruses and with some plasma cell tumors. Analysis of these reactions by absorption studies indicated that the antiserum contained 3 antibodies to different cell surface antigens. One antigen had the same specificity as that detected by a mouse anti-Gross serum. A second antigen was found on tumors induced by Gross, Moloney, and Rauscher viruses and on most plasma cell tumors. The third antigen appeared identical to the recently described alloantigen, GIX. The implications of the complex antigenicity of virus-induced tumors are discussed.
Tertiary syphilis and Kaposi sarcoma mistaken for systemic sarcoidosis in an HIV-negative patient
Authors: M.C. Anyasodor, A. Bewley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

We describe a case of an HIV‐negative man who was mistakenly diagnosed as having systemic sarcoidosis, which led to a delay in diagnosing tertiary syphilis and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The patient presented initially with scrotal swelling and leg oedema. Initial blood tests were unremarkable and HIV testing was negative. The patient then developed unilateral limb weakness. Computed tomography showed lung lesions and hilar lymphadenopathy, while magnetic resonance imaging showed an increased signal in the cervical cord. Serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme was raised, and a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made and the patient started on steroids. Subsequently, his clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities improved. However, he then developed progressive neurological deficits over several weeks, together with uveitis and cutaneous lesions. A uveitis screen showed a raised venereal disease research laboratory test titre and the cause of his multisystemic symptoms was revisited. He was diagnosed with tertiary syphilis and treated with antibiotics. Dermatologists reviewed the skin lesions and diagnosed KS, which was confirmed with biopsies. The patient's neurological deficit remains. Syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with neurological problems, skin lesions or symptoms affecting multiple systems. Co‐existing KS presented an extra therapeutic challenge in this case.
Fractional processing of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from intubated babies
Authors: J Grigg, S Arnon, M Silverman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Two groups of intubated newborn babies were studied to determine the clinical effects of interrupted bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by suction catheter (S-BAL) and the similarities to adult fibreoptic BAL of fractional processing of sequential lavage fluid (BALF). Both groups were lavaged by two aliquots of 1 ml.kg-1, instilled via a blindly placed suction catheter, wedged on two separate insertions through the right main bronchus. In 14 infants, (sequential lavage group), BALF aliquots were analysed separately. There were no differences in the volumes recovered or total cell counts between the first and second BALF aliquots. Where cell morphology was visible (n = 11), the percentage of macrophages, but not the absolute number, increased in the second BALF aliquot (p less than 0.01). BALF urea and epithelial lining fluid volume estimated by urea dilution were similar between the two aliquots (n = 8). In a separate group (blood gas group), vital signs were recorded in 10 infants undergoing S-BAL. At 1 min after lavage there was a rise in mean arterial blood pressure (39 vs 49.5 mmHg, p less than 0.05) and a fall in transcutaneous oxygenation (10.6 vs 7.5 kPa, p less than 0.05). Recovery was present at 3 min post-S-BAL, but mean blood pressure remained elevated (39 vs 45 mmHg, p less than 0.05) and transcutaneous oxygen continued to be lower when compared to baseline values (10.6 vs 9.2 kPa, p less than 0.05). S-BAL of intubated infants appears to sample both the proximal and distal airways and results in changes in vital signs similar to routine non-selective endotracheal suctioning.
Impact of glucocorticoid-induced adverse events on adherence in patients receiving long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: C. Arena, A.-S. Morin, T. Blanchon, T. Hanslik, J. Cabane, A. Dupuy, L. Fardet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Factors influencing adherence to long-term (i.e. ≥ 3 months) systemic glucocorticoid therapy are poorly understood.To evaluate the relationship between glucocorticoid-induced adverse events and therapeutic adherence in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three departments of dermatology/internal medicine between April and September 2008. Patients were asked to provide data regarding symptoms they attributed to glucocorticoids, and adherence to treatment was measured using the four-item Morisky-Green adherence scale. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between reported adverse events and adherence to glucocorticoids.A total of 255 questionnaires were completed and analysed [women 78%; median age 48 years (interquartile range (IQR) 34-65); connective tissue diseases 59%; median duration of treatment 24 months (IQR 8-72); median daily dose 10 mg (IQR 6-20)]. Among these 255 patients, 199 (78%) reported themselves as 'good adherents' and 56 (22%) as 'poor adherents' to treatment. Poor adherence was associated with younger age [odds ratio (OR) 0·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·95-0·99, per increasing year; P < 0·01], presence of glucocorticoid-induced epigastralgia (OR 4·02, 95% CI 2·00-8·09; P < 0·01) and presence of glucocorticoid-induced morphological changes (OR 2·49, 95% CI 1·19-5·21; P = 0·02). Moreover, patients with poor adherence were likely to report concomitantly poor adherence to dietary advice associated with glucocorticoid therapy (OR 2·44, 95% CI 1·12-5·26; P = 0·02).As with other chronic therapies, the presence of glucocorticoid-induced adverse events is associated with an altered self-reported adherence to glucocorticoids. Patients who report epigastric pain or morphological changes that they associate with glucocorticoid therapy are particularly at risk of poor adherence. Adherence to dietary advice associated with glucocorticoid therapy may be an indirect measure of treatment adherence.
Abstract 208: Achieving the 2010 AHA Guideline Metrics for CPR Quality Is Associated with Improved Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bentley J Bobrow, Daniel W Spaite, Uwe Stolz, Ashish R Panchal, Tyler F Vadeboncoeur, Annemarie Silver, Keith Pyers, Mark Venuti, Gary Smith, Gordon A Ewy
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: The 2010 AHA Guidelines stress the need for minimally interrupted, high quality CPR. We performed a prospective, before/after trial to determine if real-time audiovisual feedback (RTAVF) along with scenario-based training (SBT) would 1) achieve the 2010 CPR targets and 2) improve survival from OHCA. Methods: Data obtained from EMS care forms and defibrillators (E Series, ZOLL) from 2 EMS agencies (population base-500,000). Phase 1 (P1, before): 18 months of baseline data with the RTAVF mode disabled (9/08-3/10). Interventions: 1) Guideline-based SBT of ~450 EMTs, 2) RTAVF enabled, 3) EMT post-code debriefings. Phase 2 (P2, after): 8 months following implementation of interventions (5/10-12/10). For univariate analyses we used Fisher's exact test (proportions), t-test (means) or Kruskal-Wallis test (medians). To estimate odds ratios for survival to hospital discharge we used multivariable logistic regression and assessed final model diagnostics, fit, and discrimination. Results: The final analysis included 284 adult OHCAs (P1-176, P2-108). Mean age 65.4 years (SD ± 15.3) with 66.6% males. Quality measures improved significantly from P1 to P2: Median (Interquartile range) chest compression (CC) rate-121 CC/min (109-135) to 101 CC/min (100-106), p &lt;0.001; CC depth-1.73 in. (1.42-1.97) to 2.09 in. (1.92-2.3), p &lt;0.001; CC fraction-66.5% (59.3-75.9%) to 84.0% (77.8-88.7%), p &lt;0.001. All-rhythms survival increased significantly (p=0.034) from P1 to P2 (18/176, 10.2% vs. 23/108, 19.4%), an absolute survival increase of 9.2% (95% CI: 0.5%-17.9%). Crude odds ratio for survival for P2 vs. P1 was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1-4.2) and adjusted odds ratio was 5.8 (95% CI: 1.8-18.9), after controlling for confounders including age, sex, location, witnessed arrest, initial rhythm, and therapeutic hypothermia. Survival for arrests with a shockable rhythm was 27.7% (18/65) for P1 and 53.9% (14/26) for P2 (p=0.028). Conclusion: RTAVF combined with SBT was associated with a significant improvement in the proportion of compressions meeting the 2010 AHA Guidelines. This intervention was associated with a 90% relative increase in overall survival. We believe this is the first report to show an improvement in OHCA survival by achieving the 2010 AHA CPR Guidelines.
Apnea–Hypopnea Threshold for CO<sub>2</sub> in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Ailiang Xie, James B. Skatrud, Dominic S. Puleo, Peter S. Rahko, Jerome A. Dempsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

To understand the pathogenesis of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), we measured the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PetCO2) during spontaneous breathing, the apnea–hypopnea threshold for CO2, and then calculated the difference between these two measurements in 19 stable patients with CHF with (12 patients) or without (7 patients) CSA during non–rapid eye movement sleep. Pressure support ventilation was used to reduce the PetCO2 and thereby determine the thresholds. In patients with CSA, 1.5–3% CO2 was supplied temporarily to stabilize breathing before determining the thresholds. Unlike patients without CSA whose eupneic PetCO2 increased during sleep (37.7 ± 1.4 mm Hg versus 40.2 ± 1.5 mm Hg, p < 0.01), patients with CSA showed no rise in PetCO2 from wakefulness to sleep (37.5 ± 0.9 mm Hg versus 38.2 ± 1.0 mm Hg, p = 0.2). Patients with CHF and CSA had their eupneic PetCO2 closer to the threshold PetCO2 than patients without CSA (ΔPetCO2 [eupneic PetCO2 – threshold PetCO2] was 2.8 ± 0.3 mm Hg versus 5.1 ± 0.7 mm Hg for apnea, p < 0.01; 1.7 ± 0.7 versus 4.1 ± 0.5 mm Hg for hypopnea, p < 0.05). In summary, patients with CHF and CSA neither increase their eupneic PetCO2 during sleep nor proportionally decrease their apnea–hypopnea threshold. The resultant narrowed ΔPetCO2 predisposes the patient to the development of apnea and subsequent breathing instability.
Related Effects of Serum and Carbon Dioxide on Initial Growth of Strain L Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Helen J. Morton, R. J. Isaacs, D-P. Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Abstract : Various concentrations of serum and carbon dioxide were tested for their effects on the growth of strain L929 during the first 48 hours after subculture. Three different combinations of the two constituents produced: (a) cell loss followed by a burst of mitosis, (b) a lag period followed by steady growth, or (c) rapid growth followed by rapid cell loss. The balance of the two factors was always more important than the absolute amount of either one. Growth did not correlate directly with pH changes in the medium. (Author)
The role of infection in miscarriage
Authors: Sevi Giakoumelou, Nick Wheelhouse, Kate Cuschieri, Gary Entrican, Sarah E.M. Howie, Andrew W. Horne
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)

Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. Miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. It is also associated with significant health care costs. There is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. However, the provision of associated screening and management algorithms is inconsistent for newly pregnant women. Here, we review recent population-based studies on infections that have been shown to be associated with miscarriage.
Gemcitabine versus the combination of cisplatin and etoposide in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer in a phase II randomized study.
Authors: R P Perng, Y M Chen, J Ming-Liu, C M Tsai, W C Lin, K Y Yang, J Whang-Peng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE A phase II randomized study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine (GEM) versus the combination of cisplatin and etoposide (EP) in Chinese patients with inoperable (stage III or IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS From March 1995 to February 1996, 53 patients were enrolled onto the study: 27 onto the GEM arm and 26 onto the EP arm. In the GEM arm, gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 was given as a 30-minute intravenous (i.v.) infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. In the EP arm, cisplatin 80 mg/m2 was given on day 1 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 was given on days 1, 2, and 3 of each 28-day cycle. RESULTS Twenty-six patients are assessable for treatment response on the GEM arm and 24 on the EP arm. Five patients (19.2%) on the GEM arm and five patients (20.8%) on the EP arm achieved a partial response (PR). No complete responses were attained on either treatment arm. All patients enrolled onto the study were eligible for toxicity assessment. The main toxicities were myelosuppression and vomiting, which included World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 or 4 leukopenia (3.7%), thrombocytopenia (7.4%), anemia (7.4%), and nausea/vomiting (3.7%) on the GEM arm, and WHO grade 3 or 4 leukopenia (30.8%), thrombocytopenia (7.7%), anemia (15.4%), and nausea/vomiting (34.6%) on the EP arm. The median survival time was 37 weeks on the GEM arm and 48 weeks on the EP arm. CONCLUSION Gemcitabine is a well-tolerated chemotherapeutic agent for NSCLC. The antitumor activity was promising, with a 19.2% single-drug response rate, when compared with EP combination chemotherapy, which had a response rate of 20.8%. The safety profile is better than that of EP treatment.
Implications of revised rules on scoring apneic and hypopneic respiratory events in heart failure patients with nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Authors: Jessica Heinrich, Jens Spießhöfer, Thomas Bitter, Henrik Fox, Dieter Horstkotte, Olaf Oldenburg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Scoring definitions and therefore data on prognostic impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on survival in heart failure (HF) patients are based on 1999 and 2007 definitions of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Thus, a recent (09/2012) update of these scoring rules include a more broadly definition especially on hypopneic events. This study investigates the impact of the new scoring rules on apnea and hypopnea events in a cohort of well characterized HF patients (NYHA ≥ II, LV-EF ≤ 45%) with nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

Cardiorespiratory polygraphy recordings of 35 HF (NYHA 2.7 ± 0.7; LV-EF = 30.2 ± 7.5%; 30 male; 72 ± 12 years) were scored according to 2007 (recommended) and 2012 recommendations.

Apnea hypopnea index according to 2007 recommended scoring rules was 39.7 ± 13.6/h compared to 44.3 ± 12.7/h by using the revised 2012 rules (p<0.001). This difference is based on a highly significant difference in hypopnea index (13.3 ± 12.1/h vs. 18.0 ± 13.5, p<0.001), whereas there was no difference in apnea index (26.4 ± 12.8/h vs. 26.3 ± 12.9/h, p=0.353).

Applications of new AASM scoring rules lead to a higher AHI, which is based on a less strict definition of hypopneas. To date and especially in HF patients, prognostic data on SDB in general and Cheyne-Stokes respiration in particular are based on 2007’s strict definitions. With application of the new AASM recommendations, mortality data needs to be reanalyzed and graduation of SDB severity has to be adapted. In addition, data on prognostic impact on hypopneas itself is warranted as are studies differentiating central and obstructive hyponeic events.
Geographical, urban/rural and socioeconomic variations in nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence: a population-based study in Ireland
Authors: A.E. Carsin, L. Sharp, H. Comber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in white populations worldwide. International comparisons in incidence are limited because few registries collect comprehensive population-based data.We describe spatial, urban/rural and socioeconomic variations in NMSC incidence in Ireland, overall and for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) separately. Methods NMSC cases (n=47 347) diagnosed during 1994-2003 were extracted from the National Cancer Registry. Each case was allocated to a small area (electoral district, ED) based on address at diagnosis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated and smoothed using a Bayesian conditional autoregressive model. Associations between disease and census-derived area-based socioeconomic factors (unemployment, employment type, early school leavers, deprivation category, population density) were investigated using negative binomial regression.The spatial and socioeconomic distributions differed by subtype, suggesting aetiological differences. For BCC, areas of higher risk were concentrated around the main cities, with small patches on the south and west coast. Higher risks for SCC were seen in the north-east, on the south, mid and north-west coast. BCC risk in males and females, and SCC in males, was significantly higher in those living in the least deprived areas. Risk of BCC and SCC in females was higher in the most densely populated areas.We observed striking geographical variation in NMSC incidence, which cannot be satisfactorily explained on the basis of known risk factors. Differences by deprivation category and population density may reflect better access to cancer surveillance or care, as well as differences in risk factor exposure.