tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality and Costs of End-of-Life Care
Authors: Joan M. Teno, Pedro L. Gozalo
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ALK Testing in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Technical Aspects to Improve FISH Evaluation in Daily Practice
Authors: Vittoria Martin, Barbara Bernasconi, Elisabetta Merlo, Piera Balzarini, William Vermi, Alice Riva, Anna Maria Chiaravalli, Milo Frattini, Nora Sahnane, Fabio Facchetti, Luca Mazzucchelli, Fausto Sessa, Maria Grazia Tibiletti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Inappropriate Drug Prescribing
Authors: John F. Beary
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Willcox and colleagues<sup>1</sup>call attention to the need for better education in geriatric pharmacology and improved prescribing practices in the elderly. However, in press interviews related to the<i>JAMA</i>article, the authors used it as a platform to criticize the pharmaceutical industry that discovers and develops new medicines, rather than focus on the key factors mentioned above. Twenty-two of the 23 drugs discussed in the article were off patent in 1987 and thus available as generics. Since companies do not usually expend resources in marketing off-patent drugs, it is a highly questionable premise that industry marketing practices are the key factor in problems related to prescribing for the elderly. On the other hand, pharmaceutical advances, particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular and infectious diseases, have had a significant favorable impact on this extension of life expectancy. An infant born in the United States in 1900
Diazepam Given Intravenously
Authors: John A. Coover
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article, "Thrombophlebitis With Diazepam Used Intravenously," by Langdon et al (223:184, 1973). During the past several years, we have used diazepam supplemented with local anesthesia for hospitalized, as well as office patients requiring oral surgery. In nearly 400 cases, we have had only one case of thrombophlebitis, and this responded well to the usual therapy. Our technique of administration was as follows: Insertion of a 21gauge scalp vein set in the antecubital fossa. This short infusion set was connected to either a 250-ml or 500-ml bottle of normal sodium chloride solution. The arm was firmly immobilized, and the butterfly on the scalp vein needle was taped firmly in place. A 5ml syringe containing 10 to 20 mg of diazepam was inserted through the rubber connector at the junction of the scalp vein tubing with the infusion tubing. A mosquito clamp was placed
448 CURCUMIN IMPROVES LIVER INJURY AND BILIARY FIBROSIS IN MDR2 (ABCB4) KNOCKOUT MICE BY INDUCING ANTI-OXIDATIVE RESPONSE, BUT NOT VIA MODIFICATION OF BILE ACID TRANSPORT/METABOLISM
Authors: A. Baghdasaryan, A. Kosters, T. Claudel, A. Fuchsbichler, J. Gumhold, D. Silbert, K. Leski, P. Fickert, S.J. Karpen, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Abstract 207: Casitas B-lineage lymphoma-3 is an epigenetically regulated gene whose knockdown induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition and enhances erlotinib sensitivity in lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Jing Zhang, Uma Giri, Krystha Cantu, Jing Wang, Ilimbek Beketaev, Lauren Byers, Pierre Saintigny, John V. Heymach, Steven H. Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases and multifunctional adaptor proteins that are implicated in the regulation of signal transduction in various cell types and in response to different stimuli. Cbl-3 is a distinct member of this family of 3 genes that is specifically expressed in the epithelial lining of organs, particularly the bronchial airways, whose function, especially in cancer cells, is relatively unknown. Here we report that Cbl-3 expression and promoter CpG island DNA methylation differed profoundly in epithelial compared to mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells. 5-azacytidine treatment, as well as DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) KD (but not DNMT-3a or 3b) enhanced promoter demethylation and Cbl-3 gene expression. Knock down (KD) of Cbl-3 in mesenchymal-like lung cancer cell lines strongly enhanced EGFR expression and activated downstream pathways. As a result, cells that were normally resistant to erlotinib became greatly sensitized to drug treatment by Cbl-3 KD. Additionally, Cbl-3 KD inhibited cellular migration and increased cellular adhesion to the extra cellular matrix (ECM) as well as promoted cell-to-cell interaction through enhanced E-Cadherin and FAK expression. These alterations suggested a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) conferred by Cbl-3 KD. Take together, this data provided new insights into Cbl-3 gene regulation and elucidated a potential role of Cbl-3 in EGFR signaling in the context of EMT in lung cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 207. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-207
A Functional Polymorphism in CSF1R Gene Is a Novel Susceptibility Marker for Lung Cancer among Never-Smoking Females
Authors: Hyo-Gyoung Kang, Shin Yup Lee, Hyo-Sung Jeon, Yi Young Choi, Soyoun Kim, Won Kee Lee, Hyun Chul Lee, Jin Eun Choi, Eun Young Bae, Seung Soo Yoo, Jaehee Lee, Seung Ick Cha, Chang Ho Kim, Myung Hoon Lee, Young Tae Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Yeul Hong Kim, Jae Yong Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
MECHANICAL LOADING MODULATES ANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN TENDON CELLS
Authors: R Mousavizadeh, V Duronio, B McCormack, S Khosravi, A Scott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Tendon disorders are a significant cause of pain and morbidity amongst athletes, workers and the general public.1 2 Tendinopathy is often viewed as the result of failed or inadequate healing response through repetitive overuse.3 The clinical symptoms of tendinopathy are activity–related pain, focal tenderness, and intratendinous imaging changes. Previous authors have suggested there may be an association between pain and neurovascular changes resulting from tendon overuse in tendinopathy patients.4 5 In order to examine the effects of repetitive overuse on the expression of angiogenic genes which regulate neovascularization in tendinopathy, primary human tendon cells were subjected to cyclic strain. Methods By using Flexcell Tension Systems, the isolated tendon cells from human hamstring tendons (excess ACL autograft material) were exposed to cyclic tension (1 Hz frequency and 10% strain). RNA samples were isolated at different time points and gene expression was evaluated by qPCR and qPCR array. Zymography assay was also conducted in order to measure the activity of MMP-2 in the supernatant of tendon cell culture. Results Initial experiments show that cyclic strain of two-dimensional primary tenocyte cell cultures (1 Hz) promotes increased expression of VEGF, bFGF, Cox-2 and IL-6 genes, and increased activity of MMP-2. But, by increasing the time course (∼after 4 h), bFGF, Cox-2 and VEGF are progressively downregulated. Our preliminary results of qPCR array for angiogenic profiling of tendon cells also led to the discovery of other genes (ANGPTL4, FGF-1, TGFα, VEGF-C, PROK2 and SPHK1) that may respond to tensile loading following a similar pattern. Conclusion It seems that the early response of the tendon cell to overuse tensile loading leads to upregulation of some angiogenic factors which may play an important role in tissue homeostasis following periods of overuse.
A FREE IODINE SOLUTION, SIMILAR TO PREGL'S SOLUTION, USED IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC TRAUMATIC AND ARTHRITIC EFFUSIONS
Authors: J. E. M. Thomson
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> At the annual meeting of the American Orthopedic Association, held at Toronto in June 1932, I read a paper entitled "Clinical and Experimental Observations with Regard to the Injection of Certain Agents, Pregl's Solution, in Chronic Arthritic Joints." This paper was published in the<i>Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery</i>(<b>15:</b>483 [April] 1933) and summarized my observations in connection with the use of a solution that I had found described in Queries and Minor Notes inThe Journal, Nov. 10, 1923, p. 1628, in reply to a request with regard to the use of Pregl's solution of iodine in cases of varicose veins, and the formula was copied apparently from the<i>Schweizerische Apotheker-Zeitung</i><b>60:</b>322, 350. Having used various dilutions of tincture of iodine with but limited success in certain cases of chronic effusions of the knee joint, with considerable temerity I began to use a
Environmental fate and biodegradability of benzene derivatives as studied in a model aquatic ecosystem.
Authors: P Y Lu, R L Metcalf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

A model aquatic ecosystem is devised for studying relatively volatile organic compounds and simulating direct discharge of chemical wastes into aquatic ecosystems. Six simple benzene derivatives (aniline, anisole, benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and phthalic anhydride) and other important specialty chemicals: hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, 2,6-diethylaniline, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol were also chosen for study of environmental behavior and fate in the model aquatic ecosystem. Quantitative relationships of the intrinsic molecular properties of the environmental micropollutants with biological responses are established, e.g., water solubility, partition coefficient, pi constant, sigma constant, ecological magnification, biodegradability index, and comparative detoxication mechanisms, respectively. Water solubility, pi constant, and sigma constant are the most significant factors and control the biological responses of the food chain members. Water solubility and pi constant control the degree of bioaccumulation, and sigma constant limits the metabolism of the xenobiotics via microsomal detoxication enzymes. These highly significant correlations should be useful for predicting environmental fate of organic chemicals.
Atresia of the Aortic Arch
Authors: R. CREE PILLSBURY, RICHARD R. LOWER, NORMAN E. SHUMWAY
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A case report of a 16-year-old white girl is presented with the cardiovascular anomaly consisting of interruption of the aortic arch between the innominate artery and the left common carotid artery and distal to a right ligamentum arteriosum. This case is unique because the interruption of the aortic arch was not associated with intracardiac anomalies, a patent ductus arteriosus was not present, and the patient had minimal symptoms. This is the sixth reported attempt at surgical correction of interruption of the aortic arch and represents the fourth successful one.
Anticoagulant Therapy and Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: Moyses Szklo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Selzer in wanting a study in which "anticoagulant therapy or its lack is the only variable." This is, in fact, the reason that we specifically proposed that a well-designed clinical trial be conducted. We cannot, however, agree with his contention that unless an experimental trial is conducted, it is worthless to analyze observational data. He raises the possibility that the lower case-fatality rate in our anticoagulated group could have been from a spuriously high rate in the nonanti-coagulated group. However, since our sample included nearly all hospitalized myocardial infarction patients in Baltimore, the possibility of selection biases that might have artifactually affected mortality is unlikely. That our figures do not match what Dr Selzer believes are "the best mortality figures" may simply reflect the fact that studies done in different populations rarely, if ever, yield identical results or that the "best available" figures may
Cannabinoids in Plasma After Passive Inhalation of Marijuana Smoke
Authors: Andrew P. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A study of the concentrations of Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites found in plasma after the passive inhalation of marijuana smoke was done. This study was performed in conjunction with a study of the urinary excretion of cannabinoid metabolites after passive inhalation. In the latter study, the passive exposure to marijuana smoke was maximized. Four subjects simultaneously smoked four National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) marijuana cigarettes, each containing 26.2 mg of THC, in a manner such that a maximum amount of smoke was released into a small, closed room. The experimental details and results of the urinary excretion experiment are presented in the preceding letter. On the second day of the three-day urinary study, a third passive smoker participated. The plasma samples obtained from this subject during the one-hour passive exposure were analyzed for THC by radioimmunoassay (RIA)1 and for THC and its major
Intravenous glucose suppresses glucose production but not proteolysis in extremely premature newborns.
Authors: D E Hertz, C A Karn, Y M Liu, E A Liechty, S C Denne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To ascertain whether the inability to suppress glucose production and increase glucose utilization in response to glucose infusion is an inherent characteristic of immature individuals, we determined glucose rate of appearance (R(a)) in minimally stressed, clinically stable, extremely premature infants (approximately 26-wk gestation) at two glucose infusion rates (6.2 +/- 0.4 and 9.5 +/- 0.5 mg/kg per min). We also assessed whether an increase in glucose delivery suppresses proteolysis by measuring the R(a) of phenylalanine and leucine. Glucose R(a) (and utilization) increased significantly at the higher glucose infusion rate (7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.8 +/- 0.6 mg/kg per min). Glucose production persisted at the lower glucose infusion rate but was suppressed to nearly zero at the higher rate (1.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.1 mg/kg per min). Proteolysis was unaffected by the higher glucose infusion rate as reflected by no change in the rates of appearance of either phenylalanine (96 +/- 5 vs. 95 +/- 3 mumol/kg per h) or leucine (285 +/- 20 vs. 283 +/- 14 mumol/kg per h). Thus, clinically stable, extremely premature infants suppress glucose production and increase glucose utilization in response to increased glucose infusion, demonstrating no inherent immaturity of these processes. In contrast, increasing the rate of glucose delivery results in no change in whole body proteolysis in these infants. The regulation of proteolysis in this population remains to be defined.
Health minister agrees to meet academics to discuss access to clinical trial data
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The health minister Norman Lamb has agreed to meet experts to discuss what he referred to as “the really important issue” of access to all data from clinical trials.

He was responding to a question in parliament on Tuesday 23 October from Sarah Wollaston, a GP and the Conservative MP for Totnes.

Wollaston raised the issue of missing data from clinical trials affecting the evidence on which doctors’ practice is based. She wanted to know whether ministers from the Department of Health for England would meet “academics and doctors to make sure all historical and future data is released in the public domain.”

The campaign for access to missing data is supported by, among others, Fiona Godlee, editor in chief …
Polymeric Systems Incorporating Plant Viral Nanoparticles for Tailored Release of Therapeutics
Authors: Sara Honarbakhsh, Richard H. Guenther, Julie A. Willoughby, Steven A. Lommel, Behnam Pourdeyhimi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Therapeutic polylactide (PLA) nanofibrous matrices are fabricated by incorporating plant viral nanoparticles (PVNs) infused with fluorescent agents ethidium bromide (EtBr) and rhodamine (Rho), and cancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Dox). The native virus, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), reversibly opens and closes upon exposure to the appropriate environmental stimuli. Infusing RCNMV with small molecules allows the incorporation of PVN Active into fibrous matrices via two methods: direct processing by in situ electrospinning of a polymer and PVNs solution or immersion of the matrix into a viral nanoparticle solution. Five organic solvents commonly in‐use for electrospinning are evaluated for potential negative impact on RCNMV stability. In addition, leakage of rhodamine from the corresponding PVN Rho upon solvent exposure is determined. Incorporation of the PVN into the matrices are evaluated via transmission electron, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopies. Finally, the percent cumulative release of doxorubicin from both PLA nanofibers and PLA and polyethylene oxide (PEO) hybrid nanofibers demonstrate tailored release due to the incorporation of PVN Dox as compared to the control nanofibers with free Dox. Preliminary kinetic analysis results suggest a two‐phase release profile with the first phase following a hindered Fickian transport mechanism for the release of Dox for the polymer‐embedded PVNs. In contrast, the nanofiber matrices that incorporate PVNs through the immersion processing method followed a pseudo‐first order kinetic transport mechanism.
Capturing the Friedmans
Authors: Peter Byrne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Directed by Andrew Jarecki, 108 minutes UK release date: 9 April 2004 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> The past year has been a great one for feature length documentaries. It began when Michael Moore's Bowling for Columbine ( BMJ 2002;325: 1247), the highest-earning documentary feature of all time, won an Oscar. Spellbound , about an American spelling competition, also achieved a high profile release, as did the semi-documentaries Touching the Void , a story of mountaineers' survival in the Andes, and American Splendor , about comic book artist Harvey Pekar. Capturing the Friedmans , a documentary about child abuse, is likely to be as successful as these. It is polemical, heart wrenching, suspenseful, at times even funny—and more. At one level, we are voyeurs to a family system where one brother audiotapes family rows and catalogues them. Fortunately for the filmmakers, his older brother went … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Renalase is a novel, soluble monoamine oxidase that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure
Authors: Jianchao Xu, Guoyong Li, Peili Wang, Heino Velazquez, Xiaoqiang Yao, Yanyan Li, Yanling Wu, Aldo Peixoto, Susan Crowley, Gary V. Desir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The kidney not only regulates fluid and electrolyte balance but also functions as an endocrine organ. For instance, it is the major source of circulating erythropoietin and renin. Despite currently available therapies, there is a marked increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from end-stage renal disease. We hypothesized that the current understanding of the endocrine function of the kidney was incomplete and that the organ might secrete additional proteins with important biological roles. Here we report the identification of a novel flavin adenine dinucleotide–dependent amine oxidase (renalase) that is secreted into the blood by the kidney and metabolizes catecholamines in vitro (renalase metabolizes dopamine most efficiently, followed by epinephrine, and then norepinephrine). In humans, renalase gene expression is highest in the kidney but is also detectable in the heart, skeletal muscle, and the small intestine. The plasma concentration of renalase is markedly reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared with healthy subjects. Renalase infusion in rats caused a decrease in cardiac contractility, heart rate, and blood pressure and prevented a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone. These results identify renalase as what we believe to be a novel amine oxidase that is secreted by the kidney, circulates in blood, and modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure.
Image comparison of real-time gray-scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound for use in diagnosis of minimal pleural effusion.
Authors: R G Wu, A Yuan, Y S Liaw, D B Chang, C J Yu, H D Wu, S H Kuo, K T Luh, P C Yang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in distinguishing minimal pleural effusion from pleural thickening, a prospective analysis was done on the ultrasonographic findings in 51 patients. Real-time, gray-scale, and color Doppler chest ultrasound examinations were carried out by different sonographers who had no clinical information concerning the patients. The sonographer evaluated the images for internal echogenicity of the effusion, pleural lesions that change shape with respiration, and movable septa and echo-densities in pleural space in conventional gray-scale as well as color signal in color Doppler ultrasound. Of the 35 patients with true effusion, 33 had positive color signal (sensitivity 94.3%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 89 to 98.6%); in 16 patients without effusion, none had color signal (specificity 100%, 95% CI 83 to 100%). Although real-time, gray-scale ultrasound is also sensitive for detecting minimal effusion (sensitivity 100%, 95% CI 92 to 100%), it is less specific (specificity 68.7%, 95% CI 46 to 91.5%). Five of 16 examinations showing fluid-like lesions were found to be deceptive. With relatively high sensitivity and specificity, this method proved to be a useful diagnostic aid to real-time, gray-scale ultrasound for diagnosis of minimal or loculated effusion.
Effect of public smoking ban in Helena, Montana: When results look too good to be true, they probably are: Fig 1
Authors: Geoffrey Kabat
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—As a cancer researcher who has published extensively on the harmful effects of smoking, I am in favor of vigorous smoking bans. However, the study by Sargent et al, claiming that the six month smoking ban in Helena, Montana, was associated with an immediate 40% drop in heart attacks must be viewed with scepticism.1



Fig 1 
Admissions for …