tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis restores immune tolerance during autoimmune insulitis
Authors: Nadine Nagy, Gernot Kaber, Pamela Y. Johnson, John A. Gebe, Anton Preisinger, Ben A. Falk, Vivekananda G. Sunkari, Michel D. Gooden, Robert B. Vernon, Marika Bogdani, Hedwich F. Kuipers, Anthony J. Day, Daniel J. Campbell, Thomas N. Wight, Paul L. Bollyky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

We recently reported that abundant deposits of the extracellular matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) are characteristic of autoimmune insulitis in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the relevance of these deposits to disease was unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that HA is critical for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Using the DO11.10xRIPmOVA mouse model of T1D, we determined that HA deposits are temporally and anatomically associated with the development of insulitis. Moreover, treatment with an inhibitor of HA synthesis, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), halted progression to diabetes even after the onset of insulitis. Similar effects were seen in the NOD mouse model, and in these mice, 1 week of treatment was sufficient to prevent subsequent diabetes. 4-MU reduced HA accumulation, constrained effector T cells to nondestructive insulitis, and increased numbers of intraislet FOXP3+ Tregs. Consistent with the observed effects of 4-MU treatment, Treg differentiation was inhibited by HA and anti-CD44 antibodies and rescued by 4-MU in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. These data may explain how peripheral immune tolerance is impaired in tissues under autoimmune attack, including islets in T1D. We propose that 4-MU, already an approved drug used to treat biliary spasm, could be repurposed to prevent, and possibly treat, T1D in at-risk individuals.
Health-related quality of life in asthmatic patients who attended a smoking cessation program
Authors: Chihiro Nishio, Hiromi Tomioka, Nobuaki Mamesaya, Shinichiro Nakao, Reina Sekiya, Shuji Yamashita, Toshihiko Kaneda, Yoko Kida, Masahiro Kaneko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Backgrounds; Cigarette Smoking elicits airflow obstruction in patients with asthma, even after smoking cessation. Few studies have examined the effects of smoking cessation on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Objectives; The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a smoking cessation program on HRQOL, and to identify the predictors of successful tobacco abstinence in asthmatic smokers. Methods; An observational study was conducted on all smokers who attended the three-months smoking cessation program in our clinic between 2007 and 2013. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and at the end of the program using the St. George9s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ). Results; Of the 570 participants, 71(12.5%) had bronchial asthma (mean age: 52.3±14.4, male/female=26/45). Thirty-five (49.3%) asthmatic patients accomplished the program. The cessation rate at 12 weeks was 68.6%. Comorbidities included mental disorders (38.0%), COPD (15.5%), malignant neoplasm (11.5%), cardiovascular disease (5.6%), and diabetes mellitus (5.6%). Both quitters and smokers showed improved SGRQ scores after 3 month program, except activity scores. Quitters showed lower rate of comorbid psychiatric disorder (25.0% and 63.6%,  P  = 0.03), higher prescription rate of varenicline (50.0% and 9.1%,  P  = 0.03), and lower %FEV1 (63.2±16.8 and 78.5±12.4,  P  = 0.01). No significant differences were found between quitters and smokers in the average pack-year, and the average nicotine addiction level, according to the tobacco dependence screener (TDS) test. Conclusion; The smoking cessation treatment improves HRQOL regardless of success in quitting smoking.
Erythema Ab Igne in Cancer Patients
Authors: Michael Ashby
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Five cancer patients were observed to have the skin change erythema ab igne (EAI) associated with painful underlying lesions, for which they had been applying local heating with hot-water bottles. In 4 cases the pain was produced by metastases and in one by the primary tumour. The EAI may be seen directly over the lesion or in an area of pain referral. In cancer patients it may be a helpful localizing sign, and in all patients (apart from the anterior lower legs of old people) it is very suggestive of a serious underlying cause.
The Spleen in Friend Leukemia. II. Nonleukemic Nature of Spleen Stroma 2 3
Authors: Stuart B. Levy, Carole B. Rubenstein, Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Pieces of Friend leukemic spleens implanted sc into mice regenerated into normal-appearing spleens if animals were protected against the leukemia. In unimmunized animals, the implant regenerated normally, but was subsequently infiltrated by leukemia cells. This leukemia cell infiltration required at least 30% stromal regeneration of the implant. The hematopoietic regeneration was primarily a repopulation with cells from the host animal, not with cells indigenous to the donor spleen. The development of the implant, whether normal or leukemic, was retarded by the presence of the host spleen, whether leukemic or normal. These studies strongly suggested that the stromal cells of the spleen are not directly involved in the virus-induced leukemic process but acted as supporting structure for the malignant cells.
Agammaglobulinaemia
Authors: W. T. Cooke, W. Weiner, N. K. Shinton
Journal: BMJ (1957)

AGAMMAGLOBULINAEMIABim 1151 year had suffered from 14 attacks of acute pulmonary in- fection.Previously she had been well.Her serum gamma- globulin was only 0.2-0.3g. per 100 ml.Her mother was quite well, but had a marked increase in serum gamma- globulin (2 g. per 100 ml.).The serum proteins of the patient's father and sister were normal.This observation adds further support to the suggestion that in some cases of acquired idiopathic agammaglobulinaemia (hypogamma- globulinaemia) the abnormality of gamma-globulin pro- duction is genetically determined.
Oncologists' recognition of depression in their patients with cancer.
Authors: S D Passik, W Dugan, M V McDonald, B Rosenfeld, D E Theobald, S Edgerton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE This study was performed as part of a large depression screening project in cancer patients to determine the degree of physician recognition of levels of depressive symptoms in cancer patients and to describe patient characteristics that influence the accuracy of physician perception of depressive symptoms. METHODS Twenty-five ambulatory oncology clinics affiliated with Community Cancer Care, Inc of Indiana enrolled and surveyed 1,109 subjects treated by 12 oncologists. Subjects completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and physicians were asked to rate their patients' level of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pain using numerical rating scales. Subjects' sex, age, primary tumor type, medications, primary caregiver, and disease stage at diagnosis were also recorded. RESULTS Physician ratings of depression were significantly associated with their patients' levels of endorsement of depressive symptoms on the ZSDS. However, agreement between physicians and patients is most frequently clustered when patients report little or no depressive symptoms. While physician ratings are concordant with patient endorsement of no significant depressive symptomatology 79% of the time, they are only concordant 33% and 13% of the time in the mild-to-moderate/severe ranges, respectively. Physician ratings were most influenced by patient endorsement of frequent and obvious mood symptoms, ie, sadness, crying, and irritability. Physician ratings also appeared to be influenced by medical correlates of patients' level of depressive symptoms (functional status, stage of disease, and site of tumor). Additionally, patients whose depression was inaccurately classified reported significantly higher levels of pain and had higher levels of disability. Physicians' ratings of depression were most highly correlated with physicians' ratings of patients' anxiety and pain. CONCLUSION Physicians' perceptions of depressive symptoms in their patients are correlated with patient's ratings, but there is a marked tendency to underestimate the level of depressive symptoms in patients who are more depressed. They are most influenced by symptoms such as crying and depressed mood, and medical factors that are useful, but not the most reliable, indicators of depression in this population. Physicians' ratings of their patients' distress symptoms seem to be global in nature--they are highly correlated with anxiety, pain, and global dysfunction. Physician assessment might be improved if they were instructed to assess and probe for the more reliable cognitive symptoms such as anhedonia, guilt, suicidal thinking, and hopelessness. Screening instruments and the use of brief follow-up interviews would help to identify patients who are depressed.
Relationship between dyspnea and depression in the elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jae Sung Choi, Young Ill Kim, Ho Sung Lee, Ki Hyun Seo, Ju Ock Na, Yong Hoon Kim, Hwa-Young Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:Depression is common in COPD patients. Around 40% are affected by severe depressive symptoms or clinical depression. In the elderly COPD patients, dyspnea seems to be different from disease severity. Aims:We investigated whether depression is correlated with dyspnea. Methods:Outpatients over the age of 65 (85 persons) with stable COPD were enrolled. We used CAT score to assess the level of dyspnea. Depression was assessed as measure Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HDRS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Patient Health Questionnaire-2(PHQ-2), and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korea(GDS-SF-K).Results:Prevalence of depression were 24.7% (21, HDRS), 31.0% (27, PHQ-9), 8%(7, PHQ-2) and 23.0%(20, GDS-SF-K). When classified according to the GOLD criteria, HDRS of mild(28), moderate(33), severe(17), and very severe COPD patients (4) were 4.92±3.80, 3.70±3.00, 5.94±4.22, and 10.00±10.92, independently.(p=0.027). HDRS-Depression group (mild 7, moderate 4, severe 7, very severe 2) was not significantly difference compared to HDRS-normal group in FEV1(1.53±0.32L vs 1.62±0.29L, p>0.05), But CAT score was significantly higher(32.4±10.2vs24±5.3, p=0.045). At 1-year of follow-up, a reduced FEV1(ml) in the two groups showed no significant difference(8.4±8.2 vs 7.7±7.4, p>0.05), but CAT score was higher in the depression group (33.6±11.4vs22.4±6.7, p=0.014). The frequency of acute exacerbation of depression group compared to normal group showed a tendency to increase(1.8±1.1vs1.6±0.5, p>0.05).Conclusions:In the elderly COPD patients, more severe reduction in lung function have severe depression and depression worse dyspnea.
H4 receptor antagonits as a potential medication for upper airway cough syndrom
Authors: Eva Kovacova, Silvia Gavliakova, Mariana Brozmanova, Tomas Buday, Jana Plevkova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Older generation antihistamines are empirically used in subjects with UACS, however the data about their efficacy share conflicting evidence. The effect on cough is believed to be mediated via antihistamine, anticholinergic and central sedative effects. Nowadays, attention is given to the new categories of histamine receptor antagonists (H4), which are abundantly expressed on the immune cells, nasal nerves and glands, decreasing severity of nasal inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of H4 receptor antagonist JNJ 7777120 (JNJ) on nasal symptoms magnitude and cough in ovalbumine (OVA) induced allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs.

Animals (n=15) were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of OVA. Animals were repeatedly challenged with nasal OVA to induce allergic rhinitis and up-regulate cough reflex. When the reliability of the model was confirmed, animals were pretreated with JNJ (0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg i.p. 30 minutes prior OVA administration). Cough was induced by inhalation of citric acid 0.4 M, for 10 minutes. Final count of coughs was confirmed using traces of sudden interruption of the basal breathing by cough pattern.

Allergic rhinitis up regulated the cough response from 11±2 to 19±3 cough per provocation, med±IQR, p <0.05. Pretreatment with 0.25 mg/kg showed a tendency to decrease cough responsiveness and suppress nasal symptoms, however the data did not reach significance. Dose 0.5 mg/kg significantly suppressed the nasal symptoms, and number of cough obtained during provocation from 19±3 to 10±1, med±IQR, p <0.05. Conclusion: JNJ in a dose 0.5mg/kg significantly suppressed the rhinitis symptoms and cough induced by citric acid.
Phase II study of irinotecan combined with cisplatin in patients with previously untreated small-cell lung cancer. West Japan Lung Cancer Group.
Authors: S Kudoh, Y Fujiwara, Y Takada, H Yamamoto, A Kinoshita, Y Ariyoshi, K Furuse, M Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Irinotecan (CPT-11) is effective against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) as monotherapy. Cisplatin is also a key drug against SCLC. We conducted a phase II study of CPT-11 combined with cisplatin to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of this regimen in patients with previously untreated SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-five patients with previously untreated SCLC were enrolled onto the study. CPT-11 60 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 in combination with cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1 every 28 days. Four courses of chemotherapy followed by thoracic irradiation were given to patients with limited disease (LD) and six courses to patients with extensive disease (ED). RESULTS The overall response rate was 84%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 29%. Forty patients with LD achieved an overall response rate of 83% and a CR rate of 30% and 35 patients with ED achieved an overall response rate of 86% and a CR rate of 29%. The median response duration was 8.0 months for LD patients and 6.6 months for ED patients. The median survival was 14.3 months for LD patients and 13.0 months for ED patients. The major grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia (77%), leukopenia (45%), diarrhea (19%), and anemia (39%). Two patients died with concomitant neutropenia and diarrhea. CONCLUSION This is a new active regimen for SCLC, especially ED-SCLC, with acceptable toxicity. A phase III study that compares CPT-11/cisplatin with etoposide/cisplatin for ED-SCLC is now being conducted.
The Heart, the Brain, and the Regulation of Emotion
Authors: Sarah N. Garfinkel, Jessica A. Eccles, Hugo D. Critchley
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Making sense of the chest x-ray: a hands on guide
Authors: J. Verschakelen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Edited by P. F. Jenkins    Published by Hodder Arnold, London, UK    Pages: 194. Price: £15.99. ISBN: 0-340-88542-4

As mentioned by the author in the preface “Making sense of the chest x-ray” is not an exhaustive reference for differential diagnosis based on the chest radiograph, but offers a more practical, problem‐solving approach to the interpretation of a chest x-ray.

In the first chapter the author explains …
Absence of circulating products of oxygen derived free radicals in acute severe asthma
Authors: ER Chilvers, H Garratt, MK Whyte, R Fink, PW Ind
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Oxygen derived free radicals (ODFRs), generated by eosinophils, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages and mast cells, have been proposed as important mediators of inflammatory damage in asthma. We attempted to assess the role of these free radicals in patients with acute asthma by determining serum concentrations of phospholipid-esterified 9, 11 and the parent 9, 12-linoleic acid isomers (9, 11-LA, 9, 12-LA), using HPLC and diode array detection. The diene conjugate, 9, 11-LA, has been shown to be a sensitive and specific marker of free radical activity in other inflammatory conditions. Eight patients (6 female, aged 19-42 years) with acute asthma (mean peak expiratory flow 92 +/- (26) m (SEM) l.min-1, mean PaO2 8.4 (1.0) kPa were studied at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after admission to hospital and again 4-6 weeks later. Initial blood samples were taken prior to the administration of oxygen or drug therapy. On admission, mean concentrations of 9, 11-LA and 9, 12-LA were normal at 18.0 (2.8) and 1024 (118) mumol.l-1. All subsequent 9, 11-LA serum concentrations were likewise in the normal range. The serum 9, 11-LA/9, 12-LA ratio was 1.9 (0.4) on admission and 1.6 (0.2) in convalescence (Normal Range 1.0-3.8). These findings in peripheral blood do not support a major role or oxygen derived free radical production in acute asthma, but local airway production cannot be excluded.
Bundling Our Health Care Future
Authors: Kenric M. Murayama
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Immune Response to Polyoma Tumor Cells in Mice. I. Magnitude and Specificity of the In Vitro Cellular Cytotoxicity Elicited by Immunization With Graded Numbers of Tumor Cells 2
Authors: A. S. Walia, E. W. Lamon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

C3H mice were hyperimmunized with mitomycin C-treated polyoma-transformed syngeneic tumor cells. Four days following the last injection, these hyperimmune hosts were killed and their lymphocytes tested against a battery of target cells with the use of microcytotoxicity assays. In terms of the number of cells used as immunogens required to produce an observable cytotoxic effect, 106 polyoma-transformed cells used for the last injection of a hyperimmunizatlon schedule produced maximum specific lymphocyte cytotoxicity. At this dose, the cytotoxicity was completely specific for cell lines transformed by polyoma virus, and no significant cytotoxicity was observed against cell lines transformed by other viruses. As the last immunizing dose, 105 cells produced no cytotoxic lymphocyte response. Immunization with 107 polyoma-transformed cells, however, resulted in loss of specific cytotoxicity for the cell lines transformed by polyoma virus but produced a strong cytotoxicity against simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cells. Lymphocytes from C3H embryo fibroblast-inoculated mice tested against target cell lines transformed by Moloney murine sarcoma virus, polyoma virus, or SV40 showed significant but weaker and less repeatable cytotoxicity against all cell lines tested.
P-118 Tepotinib (MSC2156119J) monotherapy in patients with MET-positive advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with Child-Pugh Class A liver function who have failed sorafenib treatment: phase Ib/II trial
Authors: S. Faivre, E. Raymond, U. Stammberger, B. Sarholz, F. Bladt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The treatment of extragonadal seminoma.
Authors: K K Jain, G J Bosl, M S Bains, W F Whitmore, R B Golbey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Primary extragonadal seminoma (EGS) is a rare tumor of young adults that often presents with bulky primary tumors and metastatic disease. Long-term survival is inadequate with conventional therapy consisting of radiotherapy with or without surgery. The charts of 21 patients with EGS treated initially either with conventional therapy (group I) or with multimodality therapy including initial chemotherapy with high doses of cisplatin followed by either radiotherapy or surgery or both (group II) were reviewed. Five of the ten patients in group I developed recurrent disease and four of them eventually died of disease. Only one of 11 patients in group II died of metastatic disease and the remaining patients are free of disease with 19+ to 46+ months of follow-up. Of the six patients from group II who underwent surgical resection of apparently residual disease after chemotherapy but prior to radiotherapy, five were found to have completely necrotic tumor and one had microscopic disease on histologic examination, proving the efficacy of chemotherapy. Combined modality therapy including initial chemotherapy containing high doses of cisplatin provided rapid reduction in tumor burden and the results appeared superior to treatment that did not include initial chemotherapy.