tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management: Part II—Drugs
Authors: Mike Lean, Nick Finer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Despite the availability of evaluated and approved obesity drugs—and even though some patients will have failed to lose weight after non-drug treatment—doctors have been reluctant to prescribe drugs. The reasons for this may include memories of the adverse events with amphetamine, and amphetamine-like drugs, and the serious complications from combining phentermine and fenfluramine. Current drugs recommended for treating obesity have all been evaluated and approved by regulatory standards that apply to all drug treatments. The use of obesity drugs should follow the principles of any other therapeutic area—that is, they may be prescribed after assessment of the potential benefits and risks (both clinical and economic), with appropriately informed patients, and with medical monitoring of the results of treatment.

Many people, including doctors, still believe that a short course of drug treatment might “cure” obesity or that efficacy is measured only by ever-continuing weight loss. These misconceptions are at odds with biology: people who become obese have a lifelong tendency both to defend their excess weight and to continue to gain extra body fat. Effective management, including drugs when needed, must be life long and focused on weight loss maintenance in a similar fashion to the effective treatment for hypertension or diabetes. Drug efficacy can be considered in terms of the impact on measures such as body mass index or fat distribution, risk factors, disease improvement, or reduction in clinical end points. Starting drug treatment should always be regarded as a therapeutic trial and stopped if weight loss is not apparent after one …
Parental Consent for the Use of Residual Newborn Screening Bloodspots
Authors: Michelle J. Bayefsky, Katherine W. Saylor, Benjamin E. Berkman
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The deoxyguanosine kinase gene is mutated in individuals with depleted hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Hanna Mandel, Raymonde Szargel, Valentina Labay, Orly Elpeleg, Ann Saada, Adel Shalata, Yefim Anbinder, Drora Berkowitz, Corina Hartman, Mila Barak, Staffan Eriksson, Nadine Cohen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Can repeated educational interaction improve doctors' knowledge of NIV management?
Authors: William Kent, Seher Zaidi, Pat Fairclough, Thomas Bongers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) are common and often poorly managed [1]. Amongst other aspects, doctors on call in Southport may be asked for advice in adjusting settings appropriately.   Methods:  On the background of a 6-12 monthly rolling teaching program a new educational intervention on NIV was established. Doctors of all grades completed a questionnaire containing 3 questions prior to receiving a presentation about NIV. The teaching was then repeated 3 months later and the same questionnaire completed afterwards. 3 clinical vignettes asked for the best change in settings in response to common scenarios (involving intensive care, low PaO2, persistent acidaemia).   Results:  21 questionnaires were collected before the first teaching session and 16 after the second. The table below shows the number of correct responses for each question.   Conclusion:  The survey shows that there is a lack of knowledge in important aspects of NIV. After an educational intervention some improvement was observed. We therefore conclude that an educational intervention such as ours combined with ward-based practical sessions are likely to be the best ways to improve standards of care. Frequency and intensity need further exploration.   References:   1Roberts CM, et al. Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2011 Jan;66(1):43-8.
Mount Everest study supports use of capillary samples
Authors: P. W Barry, N. P Mason, D. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1995)

modest alkalosis causing vasoconstriction (pH about 7 4-7 5) this difference increased to 0 53 kPa (unpublished observations).Forster et al have found unsatisfactory correlation between arterial and arterialised venous samples for partial pressure of oxygen.4Capillary or venous sampling to estimate arterial blood gas pressure has been used for many years,24 and several other indirect methods have also been used.'Whilesome results have been encouraging, the conclusion that such methods should become routine is probably still premature.If knowledge of the arterial blood gas pressures is important in determining management in potentially life threatening conditions then the arterial blood gas pressures should be measured.
The elevation serum napsin A in primary lung adenocarcinoma, compared with CEA
Authors: Takuya Samukawa, Tsutomu Hamada, Keiko Mizuno, Ikkou Higashimoto, HIromasa Inoue
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase with a molecular weight of approximately 38 kDa, which is expressed in normal lung parenchyma in type II pneumocytes.  It has been reported that napsin A immunohistochemical reactivity is associated with primary lung adenocarcinoma. However, napsin A has never been tested as a serum marker for primary lung adenocarcinoma.  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of serum napsin A as a tumor marker in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma, compared with CEA.  Subjects consisted of 46 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma, 16 patients with non-adenocarcinoma, and 43 healthy subjects. Serum CEA and napsin A were measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver19.0.  Serum napsin A levels were 48.20 ± 51.68 ng/ml for adenocarcinoma patients, 40.84±41.77 ng/ml for non-adenocarcinoma patients, and 27.69 ± 19.15 ng/ml for healthy subjects. Serum CEA levels were 46.94 ± 116.10 ng/ml for primary lung adenocarcinoma patients and 2.10 ± 1.59 ng/ml for healthy subjects. Serum napsin A levels were significantly higher in primary lung adenocarcinoma patients than in healthy subjects (p  Serum napsin A was elevated in primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and the combined measurement of napsin A and CEA may provide a more positive diagnosis than either marker alone.
Controlled Trial of Digoxin in Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: J K MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Overview: deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients, a critical review of outcome studies
Authors: Peter Braun, Gerald Kochansky, Robert Shapiro, Susan Greenberg, Jon E. Gudeman, Sylvia Johnson, Miles F. Shore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors performed a critical review of experimental studies on the outcomes for psychiatric patients of 1) alternatives to hospital admission, 2) modifications of conventional hospitalization, and 3) alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization. The internal validity of many of the studies was compromised by shortcomings in design and performance and generalizability limited by selection of patient populations. With these qualifications experimental alternatives to hospital care of patients have led to psychiatric outcomes not different from and occasionally superior to those of patients in control groups. This conclusion is best supported for alternatives to admission and for modifications of conventional hospitalization. The available studies do not permit firm conclusions regarding alternatives to continued long-term hospitalization of chronically ill patients or for a critical analysis of the optimal management of specific subpopulations of psychiatric patients. Satisfactory deinstitutionalization appears to depend on the availability of appropriate programs for care in the community.
Estimating minimally important differences (MID) for the worst pain rating of the brief pain inventory (BPI)-short form (SF).
Authors: S. D. Mathias, R. D. Crosby, Y. Qian, K. Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6112 Background: The BPI-SF is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure for assessing pain and has become the standard for use in clinical and research studies. The rating of worst pain is often selected as the primary outcome of interest; however, there are no published data available on its MID, particularly as a change score. The data presented in this analysis can help to enhance interpretation of the assessment. Methods: Patients with advanced breast cancer who enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study comparing denosumab vs. zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases completed the BPI-SF, FACT-B, and EQ-5D questionnaires at baseline, week 5, and every 4 weeks thereafter until the end of the study. After assessing the correlation between change in the BPI worst pain rating with several potential anchors using the interval from baseline to week 25, we computed both anchor-based and distribution-based MID estimates for the BPI worst pain rating in both treatment arms combined. Results: Data from 1,564 of 2,049 patients (mean [SD] age 57 [11] yrs) who participated in the study and had valid baseline and end-of-interval BPI ratings and anchors were used in these analyses. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.33 to 0.42 for the anchors. Mean change scores in BPI worst pain rating for 1 category of improvement in each anchor and distribution-based results appear in the Table. Combining results from anchor and distribution-based approaches resulted in an MID estimate of 2 points. Conclusions: An MID estimate of 2 points can be clinically useful for interpreting BPI-SF baseline scores as well as changes in worst pain rating over time. Additional work should be done in other populations and over different time intervals to finalize this initial estimate. Mean change scores in BPI worst pain rating for 1 category change in each anchor EQ-5D pain item FACT-B* FACT-G physical** FACT-G total* Distribution-based method 1.71–1.98 1.07–1.59 1.13–1.83 0.66–1.28 1 SEM 0.5 effect size Guyatt's statistic 1.6 1.4 1.4 * For FACT-B and FACT-G total assessments, 1 category = 10 points. ** For the FACT-G assessment, 1 category = 5 points. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen Amgen Amgen
Immunocytochemical Diagnosis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (M3) With the Monoclonal Antibody PG-M3 (Anti-PML)
Authors: Brunangelo Falini, Leonardo Flenghi, Marta Fagioli, Francesco Lo Coco, Iole Cordone, Daniela Diverio, Laura Pasqualucci, Andrea Biondi, Daniela Riganelli, Annette Orleth, Arcangelo Liso, Massimo F. Martelli, Pier-Giuseppe Pelicci, Stefano Pileri
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 1160: CtBP1 is the molecular link that associates breast cancer and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Paola De Luca, Nicolás Dalton, Cristian Pablo Moiola, Carolina Flumian, Georgina Scalise, Juliana Porretti, Cintia Massillo, Edith Kordon, Laura Todaro, Elba Vazquez, Roberto Meiss, Adriana De Siervi
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Breast cancer is still one of the most important public health problems in the entire world. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the incidence and aggressiveness of breast cancer. C-Terminal Binding Protein (CtBP1) is a transcriptional corepressor of tumor suppressor genes and is considered a molecular sensor of cell metabolic state due to is activated in high energy conditions (high NADH). In this work we studied the effects of the activation of CtBP1 pathway by metabolic syndrome on breast tumor development and progression. We generated a murine model of MS by chronic high fat diet (HFD) administration. By histological and whole mount methods, we found that breast tissue of animals receiving HFD presented higher levels of immature adipose tissue and an increased glandular area with more generation of lateral branches and terminal end buds of mammary ducts. Breast tissue of HFD animals also showed higher expression of the proliferation markers (cyclin D1) and epithelial markers (E-cadherin). Interestingly, HFD induced CtBP1 expression in the mammary ducts. Furthermore, the number and size of mamospheres generated with LM38-LP breast cancer cells were significantly increased when cells were incubated with serum from HFD fed mice compared to the serum of animals under control diet (CD). In addition, to investigate CtBP1 role in tumor progression we performed xenografts in nude mice fed with CD or HFD by subcutaneous injecton of breast tumor cells MDA MB 231 with depleted CtBP1 expression (shRNA CtBP1) or control cells (shRNA scramble). We found that CtBP1 depletion dramatically decreased tumor growth and KI67 expression relative to control tumors. Furthermore, xenografts developed in HFD fed mice were less differentiated compared to CD. Finally, CtBP1 diminished expression tumors showed lower mesenchymal markers expression, progenitor cells markers and markers involved in mammary development. Our studies demonstrated for the first time that gene transcription regulation by CtBP1 provides an important molecular link among MS, CtBP1 function and tumor growth. Hence, these results suggest an association to understand metabolism and breast cancer. Citation Format: Paola De Luca, Nicolás Dalton, Cristian Pablo Moiola, Carolina Flumian, Georgina Scalise, Juliana Porretti, Cintia Massillo, Edith Kordon, Laura Todaro, Elba Vazquez, Roberto Meiss, Adriana De Siervi. CtBP1 is the molecular link that associates breast cancer and metabolic syndrome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1160. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1160
Longest Available Clinical Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Emanuele Meliga, Hector Manuel Garcia-Garcia, Marco Valgimigli, Alaide Chieffo, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Andrew O. Maree, Stephen Cook, Lindsay Reardon, Claudio Moretti, Stefano De Servi, Igor F. Palacios, Stephen Windecker, Antonio Colombo, Ron van Domburg, Imad Sheiban, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
CSF homovanillic acid in schizotypal personality disorder
Authors: L J Siever, F Amin, E F Coccaro, D Bernstein, R J Kavoussi, O Kalus, T B Horvath, P Warne, M Davidson, K L Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Schizotypal patients were found to have a significantly higher mean plasma HVA concentration than normal comparison subjects. Furthermore, plasma HVA concentration positively correlated with "psychotic-like" schizotypal symptoms. These results implicate dopaminergic mechanisms modulating the psychotic-like symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder.
Accelerated discovery of biomarkers by protein chips: Autoantibodies to KDR and PIM-1 differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Lilin Wang, Brad Love, Joe Beechem
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A26   Autoantibody profiling using custom, disease-focused protein-arrays provides an accelerated approach to identify diagnostic-quality biomarkers for cancer. A custom prostate-cancer-targeted protein microarray (96 proteins) was screened for the presence of autoantibodies using sera from prostate cancer (PCa) patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. The goal of the study was to discover prostate-cancer tumor-associated antigens (biomarkers) that could clearly discriminate PCa from BPH. Biomarkers found in this manner, would be stable in blood, easily measured using ~ 1 uL of serum (or plasma) and could differentiate true prostate cancer from the closely-related benign prostatic hyperplasia, the major weakness in the current, clinically used, PSA-based prostate cancer diagnostic test. Autoantibody profiling on two pooled samples from thirty-two prostate cancer patients and thirty-two benign prostatic hyperplasia patients revealed twenty tumor associated antigens, including KDR and PIM-1, that induced significant humoral autoantibody response. Additional experiments using all 64 non-pooled serum samples applied to a low content protein chip showed that autoantibodies against KDR and PIM-1 differentiated prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia with 90.6% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity. Protein array signals were specific, and could be competed away by spiking pure antigen into the sera in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, fluorescence immunohistochemistry of prostate cancer tissue arrays showed that KDR and PIM-1 were differentially expressed in prostate cancer tissues with reduced expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, suggesting over expression of KDR and PIM-1 tumor antigens lead to the aberrant humoral response.
Human Multidrug Resistant KB Cells Overexpress Protein Kinase C: Involvement in Drug Resistance
Authors: James A. Posada, Evelyn M. McKeegan, Katherine F. Worthington, Michael J. Morin, Susan Jaken, Thomas R. Tritton
Journal: Cancer Communications (1989)

Among the many phenotypic characteristics of multidrug resistance (MDR), the presence of P-glycoprotein is nearly always observed, and it appears that the plasma membrane of the multidrug resistant cell is integrally involved in controlling drug resistance. Another membrane-associated protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), has been shown to regulate the flow of information to the cell interior and to control the efflux of a number of different compounds. We therefore initiated a study of PKC and MDR. We found that multidrug resistant sublines from both mouse sarcoma 180 and human KB lines exhibited 80-90% increases in basal PKC activity. The mechanism of the increase appears to be quite different in the two cell lines. The human KB cells overexpress the alpha isozyme of PKC, commensurate with the increase in alpha-PKC protein, whereas the mouse cells do not overexpress alpha-mRNA but increase alpha-PKC protein. Furthermore, it appears that PKC activity plays a functional role in drug resistance, since inhibition of endogenous PKC activity by staurosporine resulted in decreased resistance to Adriamycin. We also found that phosphorylation of MDR cell membrane vesicles by purified PKC, followed by immunoprecipitation of P-glycoprotein with monoclonal antibody C219, resulted in a level of phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein that was greater than the endogenous phosphorylation level. The data presented indicate that MDR cells of diverse species exhibited enhanced PKC activity but that the mechanisms were different. The increased kinase activity may have biological relevance to MDR since PKC appears to be coupled to P-glycoprotein function.
Group B streptococcus neonatal invasive infections, France 2007–2012
Authors: C. Joubrel, A. Tazi, A. Six, N. Dmytruk, G. Touak, P. Bidet, J. Raymond, P. Trieu Cuot, A. Fouet, S. Kernéis, C. Poyart
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Abstract 9601: Early Coronary Atherosclerotic Morphology in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Images From Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hayato Tada, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Akihiko Hodatsu, Chiaki Nakanishi, Tetsuo Konno, Kenji Sakata, Tsuyoshi Yoshimuta, Kenshi Hayashi, Atsushi Nohara, Akihiro Inazu, Hiroshi Mabuchi, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited systemic disease of connective tissue primarily affecting the skin, retina, and cardiovascular system. It is characterized pathologically by fragmentation and calcification of elastic fiber. However, few data exist regarding the pathogenesis of the coronary atherosclerosis due to the rarity of this disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the early atherosclerotic morphology in PXE using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: We assessed detailed morphological changes of the coronary arterial wall by IVUS and OCT of the two PXE cases (73 yr male and 69 yr female), both of whom were without any evidence of coronary risk factor. Distal portion of the left anterior descending artery, that was not evident of plaques by angiography, was evaluated using commercially available IVUS system and OCT system. Results: Using IVUS modality, an additional high-gain layer without acoustic shadow, which was located in the intima-media complex, was detected. This additional layer represented several tissue characteristics including fibrosis, dense fibrosis, and calcification using integrated backscatter-IVUS. The OCT image revealed this abnormal layer as heterogeneous shaggy intima without thickness, suggesting the presence of calcified fragmented internal elastic lamina. Conclusions: We report the first IVUS and OCT findings in the coronary artery in patients with PXE. These images suggest that the unique morphology found in those subjects represent a preclinical, early stage of coronary atherosclerosis in PXE.
Abstract 16723: Dopamine D3 Receptor Decreases NHE3 Expression and Function by Inhibiting the Activity of the De-Ubiquitinylating Enzyme, USP48, in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: Ines Armando, Van Anthony M Villar, Xiaoyan Wang, Laureano Asico, Hewang Li, Crisanto S Escano, Robin Felder, Pedro A Jose, John E Jones
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Disruption of the dopamine D3 receptor gene in mice (D3R-/-) results in high blood pressure, salt sensitivity, decreased ability to excrete a sodium load and increased renal expression of sodium/hy...