tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Health Insurance — Progress and Problems
Authors: George M. Wheatley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

WHEN they hear the words "changing picture of medical practice" most physicians immediately think of the impressive advances made during the last decade or two in the field of therapeutics. No less important in its impact on the practice of medicine, although less dramatic, has been the progress made during the same period in developing methods of financing medical care.From the practitioner's point of view, these developments have been virtually unheralded. Unlike the introduction of new therapeutic measures, communications involving medical economics rarely appear on scientific programs or in the medical literature. No stream of vivid brochures or colorful . . .
Protective Effects of Hypothermia in Exploration of Space
Authors: T. K. Cockett, Cecil C. Beehler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Manned probes into space may present a number of difficult and as yet unsolved biomedical problems. This review outlines a significant number of protective effects of general hypothermia. Hypothermia reduces the rate of cellular metabolism. Added advantages of protection from shock in dysbarism, bacteremia, trauma, and excessive g forces are cited. Protection against radiation during hypothermia appears significant. The authors point out that the advantages in terms of reduction in weight and bulk are enormous. However, a state of artificial hibernation appears to be preferable to deeper degrees of cooling, because general body hypothermia is a stressful condition.
Cutaneous Mantle Cell Lymphoma Detected with Ga-67 Citrate
Authors: ISMET SARIKAYA, MAYUR PATEL, LAWRENCE HOLDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Mantle cell lymphoma was incorporated into the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms in 1994. It is a relatively aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphomas comprise 2% to 8% of cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the United States. It responds poorly to available therapies, and the median patient survival time is approximately 3 years. The cutaneous occurrence of mantle cell lymphoma is unusual but has been reported. In this article, the authors report a case with mantle cell lymphoma. Multiple foci of activity were shown in the subcutaneous tissue on Ga-67 citrate scintigraphs. Corresponding subcutaneous nodules were evident on computed tomographs. Mantle cell lymphoma was confirmed by histopathologic analysis of subcutaneous nodules.
Neuroprotective role of Sirt1 in mammalian models of Huntington's disease through activation of multiple Sirt1 targets
Authors: Mali Jiang, Jiawei Wang, Jinrong Fu, Lin Du, Hyunkyung Jeong, Tim West, Lan Xiang, Qi Peng, Zhipeng Hou, Huan Cai, Tamara Seredenina, Nicolas Arbez, Shanshan Zhu, Katherine Sommers, Jennifer Qian, Jiangyang Zhang, Susumu Mori, X William Yang, Kellie L K Tamashiro, Susan Aja, Timothy H Moran, Ruth Luthi-Carter, Bronwen Martin, Stuart Maudsley, Mark P Mattson, Robert H Cichewicz, Christopher A Ross, David M Holtzman, Dimitri Krainc, Wenzhen Duan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
The Structure and Function of Muscle. Volume I: Structure. Volume II: Biochemistry and Physiology. Volume III: Pharmacology and Disease
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This magnificent work consists of chapters contributed by a large and competent group of specialists, each dealing in his way with existing knowledge of muscle. The 12 chapters of Volume I deal mainly with the histology, development, and biochemistry of muscle. Volume II continues with biochemistry and goes on to biophysics and neurophysiology. Volume III is largely pharmacology and pathology. In addition to the three varieties of human muscle—smooth, striated, and cardiac—the contractile apparatus of other species, including the invertebrates, is discussed. This is a matter of some interest because the high frequencies attained by the wings of small insects, for example, are relevant to the recent controversy about the means by which the human larynx produces high soprano notes. The book abounds in interesting material recently supplied by the techniques of modern chemistry and physics. Examples are the x-ray methods that have revealed the configuration of fibrous muscle proteins;
Conflict over South African attempts to cut drug costs
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Controversy continues to dog the South African ministry of health's attempts to introduce a change to the way in which drugs reach the market in South Africa. A third attempt to introduce a parliamentary bill that is designed to ensure drug prices are reduced looks set to end in conflict.

The Medicines and Related Substances Control Bill has pitted the large multinational drug companies against the …
Treatment of Calcinosis Circumscripta with Probenecid
Authors: C. E. Dent, T. C. B. Stamp
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A 23-year-old woman presented with an 11-year history of peripheral joint pains and stiffness slowly progressing to the development of gross calcinosis circumscripta. She had no definite evidence of systemic scleroderma. She was first treated for one year with frequent intravenous sodium EDTA, which increased urinary calcium and enhanced negative calcium balance but did not lessen her calcinosis. She was then treated with probenecid up to 2 g daily and her calcinosis lessened steadily over three years. Plasma levels of both phosphorus and urate fell during this time.
1169-155 Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome identifies acute myocarditis as a potential etiology of this syndrome
Authors: Christian F Witzke, Godtfred Holmvang, Gregory D Lewis, Nadeem Afridi, Marc J Semigran, G.William Dec, Igor F Palacios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
1012-102 Alteration of Rabbit Carotid Artery Vasomotor Function by Gene Transfer with a Replication Deficient Adenovirus
Authors: Brian H. Annex, Mark G. Davies, Keith M. Channon, Michael A. Blazing, Doris A. Taylor, Samuel E. George, Stephen M. Denning, Per-Otto Hagen, Kevin G. Peters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
L'enseignement de l'échoendoscopie digestive sur cochon vivant améliore-t-il les performances des apprenants?
Authors: M Barthet, M Gasmi, C Boustiere, M Giovannini, JC Grimaud, S Berdah
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La courbe d'apprentissage de l'échoendoscopie est réputée longue et difficile, en particulier dans le domaine bilio-pancréatique. Dans le cadre du nouveau DU d'échoendoscopie digestive, la formation pratique est réalisée sur un modèle animal vivant, le cochon. Le but de cette étude était d'apprécier l'impact de cette formation sur la progression de l'apprentissage.
Unusual Scintiscan Appearance of Meckel??s Diverticulum
Authors: BHARTI R. PATEL, CYRIL A. D??CRUZ, M BARRY McCAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The case reported demonstrates an unusual appearance of a Meckel's diverticulum on preoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate abdominal scintiscan. Precise pathologic correlation with histopathologic findings in the resected specimen elucidated the unusual findings on the scintiscan.
FURTHER EXPERIENCE WITH FACE MASKS
Authors: GEORGE H. WEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

When the Durand Hospital of the John McCormick Institute for Infectious Diseases was opened, rigid aseptic technic was adopted and the nurses were specially instructed in measures calculated to protect them from infections. From March 12, 1913, to Nov. 1, 1914, nine out of sixty-nine nurses, or 13 per cent., acquired clinical diphtheria. From this time on, all nurses giving a positive Schick test were immunized with diphtheria antitoxin. This practically eliminated active diphtheria; but from Nov. 1, 1914, to June 1, 1916, weekly throat cultures disclosed ten diphtheria bacillus carriers among forty-three nurses, or 23.25 per cent. Up to June 1, 1916, nine cases of scarlet fever occurred among 112 nurses who were on duty, or in 8 per cent. As we were unable to explain so many instances of infection through faulty technic, an effort was made to eliminate a possible factor of danger that had previously been
Avoidable factors contributing to death after head injury.
Authors: J Rose, S Valtonen, B Jennett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We reviewed 116 patients, known to have talked before dying after head injury, to discover factors which had contributed to death but which might have been avoided. All the patients were admitted to a neurosurgical unit and had a neuropathological post-mortem examination. One or more avoidable factors were identified in 86 patients (74%); an avoidable factor was judged certainly to have contributed to death in 63 patients (54%). The most common avoidable factor was delay in the treatment of an intracranial haematoma; others included poorly controlled epilepsy, meningitis, hypoxia, and hypotension. Changes in the management of patients with head injuries which reduce the incidence of avoidable factors should decrease mortality from this condition.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia resulting from a single amino acid substitution between the second and third calcium-binding domains of GPIIb. Role of the GPIIb amino terminus in integrin subunit association.
Authors: D A Wilcox, C M Paddock, S Lyman, J C Gill, P J Newman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To gain insight into region of the platelet GPIIb-IIIa complex involved in receptor biogenesis and function, we examined the biochemical properties of a defective GPIIb-IIIa complex from patient suffering from type II Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Flow cytometric as well as immunoblot analysis of patient platelets showed significantly reduced levels of GPIIb and GPIIIa compared with a normal control. Patient platelets, however, retained the ability to retract a fibrin clot. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified platelet GPIIb mRNA revealed an Arg327-->His amino acid substitution between the second and third calcium-binding domains of the GPIIb heavy chain, a residue that is highly conserved among integrin alpha-subunits. The recombinant His327 form of GPIIb was found to be fully capable of associating with GPIIIa, therefore the role of the calcium-binding domains in intersubunit association was further examined by constructing amino-terminal segments of GPIIb that ended before the first, second, and third calcium-binding domains. All three fragments were found to associate with GPIIIa, demonstrating that the calcium-binding domains of GPIIb are not necessary for initial complex formation. Regions amino-terminal to the calcium-binding domains of GPIIb may play a heretofore unappreciated role in integrin subunit association.
Treatment of renal failure in a non-specialist unit.
Authors: N Wright, L M Shapiro, J Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

management of patients improved. Increased research opportu nities and better teaching were other advantages for such specialist centres, but these were offset by loss of continuity of patient care. For this latter reason and also because of a lack of specialist acute dialysis facilities it was decided to treat all cases of acute renal failure in the receiving district general hospital, which did not have a specialist renal unit. We compare results of such management with published results from specialist units.
Training in Ambulatory-Patient Care
Authors: PAUL F. GRINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Training in Ambulatory-Patient CarePAUL F. GRINER, M.D.PAUL F. GRINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-136_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent statement of the Federated Council for Internal Medicine (FCIM) on ambulatory training in internal medicine residencies (1) is disappointing for various reasons. First, the statement reflects a rather superficial interpretation of the Health Resources Administration (HRA) funding requirement for training grants in general internal medicine and pediatrics that "at least 25% of a resident's total training time for the entire residency be spent in ambulatory care settings." As many program directors know, the HRA definition of continuity experience time in ambulatory-patient care is not as restrictive as the Council implies. It includes time devoted to...References1. . Ambulatory training in internal medicine residencies. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:526. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KANTORGRINER SP. Educational needs in general internal medicine as perceived by prior residents. J Med Educ. 1981;56:748-56. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL F. GRINER, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 136-136KeywordsChild healthPediatricsResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
A4.16 Early bone loss in rat arthritis is predictive to disease severity
Authors: G Courbon, M Rinaudo-Gaujous, R Lamarque, D Cleret, L Vico, H Marotte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis includes bone loss at different sites. Early subchondral bone loss is correlated with loss of joint function, whereas systemic bone loss is correlated with fracture risk. Recently, early bone microarchitecture alterations have been described in rat model of arthritis. We investigated in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) whether early bone loss in the prominent site (ankles) was a marker of other systemic bone damages and correlated with synovial inflammation outcome. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Rat AIA was induced (AIA rats) or not (control rats) at day0 in 6 weeks female Lewis rats. Clinical parameters including articular index (AI) were monitored during the experiment, before and after arthritis clinical onset. Bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density (BMD) profiles were obtained by µ-computed tomography (µ-CT) and dual energy x-rays absorptiometry (DXA) x-rays, respectively, at day0, the arthritis onset, and day17. Local sites analysed included the main four ankle bones: navicular, talus, cuboid, and calcaneus bones. Systemic sites enclosed tibia and 2<sup>nd</sup> lumbar vertebra (LV2). Bone histology was performed only at day of sacrifice (day17). <h3>Results</h3> In this experiment, arthritis onset was at day10, with different levels of arthritis. At day 10, early microarchitecture changes were detected in the four ankle bones analysed. Decreased trabecular bone volume and thickness (p &lt; 0.01) and increased cortical porosity (p &lt; 0.01) were observed by µ-CT in AIA compared to control rats. At day17, extended ankle bone changes were assessed by µ-CT and correlated together with histology assessment. Bone mineral density (BMD) was highly decreased in AIA rats ankle compared to control rats (-22%; p &lt; 0.001). There was also a systemic BMD decreased in AIA rats compared to control rats (tibia -16%, LV2 -15%; p &lt; 0.001 for both). In AIA rats, ankle-tibia-LV2 BMD values were correlated together (r from 0.77 to 0.87; p &lt; 0.001 for all), while BMD values were randomly distributed in control rats. In AIA rats, early bone microarchitecture changes correlated with arthritis severity at day17, in both synovial inflammation and bone loss parameters (for instance, bone volume at day10 and AI at day17, r = -0.90, p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Bone microarchitecture changes at arthritis onset in the rat AIA model are observed in four bones of ankle. These early changes are correlated with arthritis outcome at day17, in terms of synovial inflammation, local joint destruction, and systemic bone loss.
Gene Therapy in Patient-specific Stem Cell Lines and a Preclinical Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa With Membrane Frizzled-related Protein Defects
Authors: Yao Li, Wen-Hsuan Wu, Chun-Wei Hsu, Huy V Nguyen, Yi-Ting Tsai, Lawrence Chan, Takayuki Nagasaki, Irene H Maumenee, Lawrence A Yannuzzi, Quan V Hoang, Haiqing Hua, Dieter Egli, Stephen H Tsang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Defects in Membrane Frizzled-related Protein (MFRP) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). MFRP codes for a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific membrane receptor of unknown function. In patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived RPE cells, precise levels of MFRP, and its dicistronic partner CTRP5, are critical to the regulation of actin organization. Overexpression of CTRP5 in naïve human RPE cells phenocopied behavior of MFRP-deficient patient RPE (iPS-RPE) cells. AAV8 (Y733F) vector expressing human MFRP rescued the actin disorganization phenotype and restored apical microvilli in patient-specific iPS-RPE cell lines. As a result, AAV-treated MFRP mutant iPS-RPE recovered pigmentation and transepithelial resistance. The efficacy of AAV-mediated gene therapy was also evaluated in Mfrprd6/Mfrprd6 mice—an established preclinical model of RP—and long-term improvement in visual function was observed in AAV-Mfrp-treated mice. This report is the first to indicate the successful use of human iPS-RPE cells as a recipient for gene therapy. The observed favorable response to gene therapy in both patient-specific cell lines, and the Mfrprd6/Mfrprd6 preclinical model suggests that this form of degeneration caused by MFRP mutations is a potential target for interventional trials. Defects in Membrane Frizzled-related Protein (MFRP) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). MFRP codes for a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific membrane receptor of unknown function. In patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived RPE cells, precise levels of MFRP, and its dicistronic partner CTRP5, are critical to the regulation of actin organization. Overexpression of CTRP5 in naïve human RPE cells phenocopied behavior of MFRP-deficient patient RPE (iPS-RPE) cells. AAV8 (Y733F) vector expressing human MFRP rescued the actin disorganization phenotype and restored apical microvilli in patient-specific iPS-RPE cell lines. As a result, AAV-treated MFRP mutant iPS-RPE recovered pigmentation and transepithelial resistance. The efficacy of AAV-mediated gene therapy was also evaluated in Mfrprd6/Mfrprd6 mice—an established preclinical model of RP—and long-term improvement in visual function was observed in AAV-Mfrp-treated mice. This report is the first to indicate the successful use of human iPS-RPE cells as a recipient for gene therapy. The observed favorable response to gene therapy in both patient-specific cell lines, and the Mfrprd6/Mfrprd6 preclinical model suggests that this form of degeneration caused by MFRP mutations is a potential target for interventional trials.
The hardest test for a theory of cognition: The input test
Authors: Asim Roy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

This commentary defines an additional characteristic of human learning. The nature of this test is different from the ones by Newell: This is a hard, pass/fail type of test. Thus a theory of cognition cannot partially satisfy this test; it either conforms to the requirement fully, or it doesn't. If a theory of cognition cannot satisfy this property of human learning, then the theory is not valid at all.
A rapidly enlarging swelling of the left orbit
Authors: R. S. Varughese, E. Ridgeon, A. Mathew, D. S.-D. Valle
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A previously well 16 year old girl presented to acute medical admissions (walk-in assessment clinic) with a one week history of swelling of her left eyelid. She was prescribed amoxicillin for a presumed folliculitis. 

She re-presented one week later to the emergency department because the swelling had steadily worsened over the past two weeks. It was tender to palpation but there was no pain with movement. Visual acuity was reduced in the left eye to 6/9 (previously 6/6), and although the swelling appeared to push her left eye “down and to the side” she denied diplopia. Pupils were equal and reactive, and the conjunctiva on the left was mildly injected superonasally. Her eye movements were normal. She had no history of trauma, insect bites, fever, or fatigue. Blood test results were unremarkable.

Her medical history consisted of two right eyebrow cysts removed six years earlier. Family history included a mother with three basal cell carcinomas and a maternal grandmother with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

She had no history of alcohol, smoking, or illicit drug use. In the emergency department she was given a second course of systemic antibiotics and scheduled for a follow-up appointment in the ophthalmology clinic nine days later.

In clinic, her visual acuity had drastically decreased to 6/60, the mass had increased in size and felt fluctuant, and her upgaze was now restricted (fig 1⇓). 





### 1. What differential diagnoses should have been considered at first presentation?

#### Short answer

An orbital mass carries a wide differential diagnosis, with three main categories: infectious causes, orbital tumours, and inflammatory lesions.

#### Long answer

Eye “lumps” are poorly understood by non-specialists so important diagnoses can …
EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAUSATION AND AMELIORATION OF ADRENALIN PULMONARY EDEMA
Authors: John Auer, Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

The intratracheal injection of one moderate dose of adrenalin in rabbits whose vagi are divided produces a marked pulmonary edema in a large percentage of cases. The same dose in normal animals causes only slight effects. Artificial respiration greatly reduces the production of pulmonary edema in vagotomized rabbits after adrenalin. As adrenalin can exert a bronchoconstrictor effect, evidence is submitted to show that the aspirating action of the lung alveoli under this condition apparently plays an important part in the production of adrenalin pulmonary edema. On the basis of this mechanism the protective action of artificial respiration is explained. Stenosis of the trachea facilitates. the production of adrenalin pulmonary edema in rabbits whose vagi are intact. The intratracheal injection of adrenalin in vagotomized rabbits produces a temporary incoordination between the heart ventricles, visible on inspection, so that the left ventricle beats apparently half as fast as the right, causing hyperemia of the lungs and hemorrhages. Atropine injected intratracheally in vagotomized rabbits exerts a protective action against adrenalin pulmonary edema.
Monoclonal anti-T cell (T12) antibody treatment of graft-versus-host disease in severe combined immunodeficiency: targeting of antibody and activation of complement on CD8+ cytotoxic T cell surfaces
Authors: M.D. Blomquist, M. Boggards, I.C.Guerra Hanson, H.M. Rosenblatt, M.S. Pollack, E. Hawkins, J. Ritz, W.T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)