tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Mortality After Multiple Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Chest&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Faith G. Davis, John D. Boice, Jennifer L. Kelsey, Richard R. Monson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Total cancer deaths were not increased among 2,074 women and 1,277 men who were fluoroscopically examined an average of 73 and 91 times, respectively, during lung-collapse therapy for tuberculosis (TB). Patients who did not receive this form of therapy (2,141 women and 1,418 men) and general population rates were used for comparison. All subjects were discharged alive from eight TB sanatoria in Massachusetts between 1930 and 1954; the average follow-up was 23 years. Deaths due to breast cancer were not increased among exposed females [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.0, n = 24], and SMRs greater than 2.1 could be excluded with 95% confidence. In contrast to other series, our inability to detect a breast cancer excess was likely due to lower breast doses (66 rad) and higher average ages at exposure (28 yr) and thus lower sensitivity. A deficit of lung cancer among exposed males and females was observed (SMR = 0.8, n = 26), even though increased risks have been observed among other populations exposed to similar dose levels. The estimated average lung dose was 91 rad, and SMRs greater than 1.2 for lung cancer could be excluded with 95% confidence. Overall, this study indicates that the radiation hazard of multiple low-dose exposures experienced over many years is not greater than currently accepted estimates for breast and lung cancer. For lung cancer the radiogenic risk may be less than predicted from high-dose, single-exposure studies.
Aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are predisposed to ultrafine carbon particle (UfCP) mediated cardiovascular impairment
Authors: Swapna Upadhyay, Koustav Ganguly, Tobias Stoeger, Leema George, Mette Schladweiler, Urmila Kodavanti, Holger Schulz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Elderly individuals are considered to be more susceptible to particulate matter (PM) related cardiovascular (CV) health effects. In this study we investigated UfCP mediated CV effects on aged SHRs and compared the findings to that of adult SHRs to identify age related pathomechanisms.  Methods:  SHRs were exposed by inhalation to UfCP for 24h (∼180 mg/m 3 ). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was measured radio-telemetrically. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell differentials, proinflammatory cytokines, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HPT), and plasma fibrinogen were measured. Hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1), endothelin 1 (ET1), endothelin receptors A and B (ETA and ETB), tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) transcripts were assessed in lung and heart.  Result:  UfCP exposed aged SHRs exhibited increased BP (4.4%) and HR (6.3%) on 1 st  recovery day. This paralleled with increased neutrophil and IL-6 in the BAL fluid. Simultaneously increased serum CRP, HPT and fibrinogen levels indicate systemic inflammation. HO-1, ET1, ET-A, ET-B, TF and PAI-1 were induced by 1.5-2.0 folds in the lung of exposed SHRs on 1 st  recovery day. However, in adult SHRs all of those markers were up-regulated by 2.5 fold on 3 rd  recovery day except ET-1 which induced 6.0 folds in pulmonary tissue following UfCPs exposure.  Conclusions:  UfCP exposure increased BP and HR in both, adult and aged SHRs rats but pulmonary and systemic inflammation with disturbed coagulatory hemostasis was only found in aged SHRs. Thus advanced age and preexisting hypertension are associated with increased risk of PM mediated CV health effects.
Node status has prognostic significance in the multimodality therapy of diffuse, malignant mesothelioma.
Authors: D J Sugarbaker, G M Strauss, T J Lynch, W Richards, S J Mentzer, T H Lee, J M Corson, K H Antman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

We studied a multimodality approach using extrapleural pneumonectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.From 1980 to 1992, 52 selected patients, underwent treatment. Median age was 53 years (range, 33 to 69). Initial patient evaluation was performed by a multimodality team. Pathologic diagnosis was reviewed and confirmed before therapy. Patients with no medical contraindication and potentially resectable mesothelioma on computed tomography (CT) (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] when it became available) received extrapleural pneumonectomy, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were 17% and 5.8%, respectively. The overall median survival duration is 16 months (range, 1 month to 8 years). The 32 patients with epithelial histologic variant had 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 77%, 50%, and 42%, respectively. Patients with mixed and sarcomatous cell disease had 1- and 2-year survival rates of 45% and 7.5%; no patient lived longer than 25 months (P < .01). At resection, positive regional mediastinal lymph nodes were found in 13. Positive lymph nodes were associated with poorer survival than were negative nodes (P < .01). Patients with epithelial variant and negative mediastinal lymph nodes had a survival rate of 45% at 5 years.Multimodality therapy including extrapleural pneumonectomy has acceptable morbidity and mortality for selected patients. Prolonged survival occurred in patients with epithelial histologic variant and negative mediastinal lymph nodes. These data provide a rationale for a revised staging system for malignant pleural mesothelioma; furthermore, they permit stratification of patients into groups likely to benefit from aggressive multimodality treatment.
Proteinase 3 activity is present in sputum from subjects with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and COPD
Authors: Nicola Sinden, Robert Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  In COPD an imbalance is thought to exist between the activity of proteinases & their inhibitors. Neutrophil elastase (NE) has been studied in detail but proteinase 3 (PR3) has not. PR3 causes features of emphysema in animals & is more abundant in neutrophils than NE suggesting it may also play a role.  Aims  To investigate the importance of PR3 in AATD & COPD.  Methods  Spontaneous sputum was collected from 28 AATD & 24 usual COPD patients who were clinically stable, and from 15 of the COPD patients during an exacerbation. Patients had demographic data collected, lung function tests & quality of life scores. The sol-phase of sputum was analysed for NE & PR3 activities using specific substrates. The concentration of these proteinases was also measured by ELISA together with airway inhibitors & markers of neutrophilic inflammation.  Results  Most sputum samples had no detectable NE activity, but PR3 activity was present & higher than NE activity (AATD p=0.0043, COPD p=0.0052).  PR3 activity was higher in AATD patients compared to COPD patients (p=0.0023) & was higher during exacerbations than in stable state in COPD patients (p=0.037). PR3 activity showed positive correlations with markers of neutrophilic inflammation & quality of life score. No correlations were found with lung function.  The main airway inhibitor of NE is secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor which does not inhibit PR3. The data suggests that concentrations of PR3 exceed the inhibitory capacity especially in AATD, but NE does not.  Conclusion  Active PR3 is present in sputum from stable patients with AATD & COPD and is greater than active NE indicating it may play a role in the pathophysiology of airways disease.
Cardiac biomarkers and outcome in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Robert Marcun, Alan Sustic, Pika Mesko Brguljan, Sasa Kadivec, Mitja Kosnik, Jerneja Farkas, Mitja Lainscak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Purpose. Cardiac biomarkers are associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The optimal timepoint for biomarker analysis remains uncertain thus we compared prognostic implications of admission and discharge concentrations with outcome after acute exacerbation of COPD.  Methods. This was a prospective study in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of COPD. We measured NT-proBNP and troponin T (TnT) concentrations at admission and discharge. Hospitalizations and deaths were recorded for 6 months after discharge.  Results. We included 127 patients (70±10 years, 70% men, GOLD III/IV 87%). Left ventricular ejection fraction was   Conclusions. Cardiac biomarkers are frequently elevated in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD. Discharge TnT was predictive of rehospitalizations whilst none of the biomarkers predicted death during 6 months.
Abstract 13576: Highly Selective LXRbeta Selective Agonist Prevents Progression of Atherosclerotic Lesion without Elevation of Triglyceride
Authors: Wakasa Shigemi, Yuichiro Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Takashi Enomoto, Minoru Koura, Hisashi Sumida, Tomoaki Koshizawa, Kimiyuki Shibuya, Akimune Asanuma, Sohei Tanabe
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: It is well known that Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are highly linked with regulation of lipid metabolism. Several LXR agonists were challenged for the prevention or treatment of atheroscl...
Role of probiotics in attenuation of acute respiratory tract infections in preschool and primary school children
Authors: Sergei Gerasimov, Orysya Cycura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background.  Probiotics have been shown to reduce incidence, duration and symptom scores of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI).   Objective.  To study a potential of probiotics in prevention of ARTI in children.   Materials and Methods.  96 otherwise healthy children aged 3-12 years closely contacted to a household with ARTI were randomized to receive 1 g of a powder containing 5 billion CFU of  L. acidophilus  DDS-1,  B. lactis  and 50 mg fructooligosaccharide (DDS Junior, UAS Laboratories) (group I, n=48) or rice maltodextrine powder (group II, n=48) once daily for 30 days. During one-month follow-up, we recorded incidence, duration, and clinical course of ARTI using Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale (CARIFS).   Results.  At baseline groups I and II were comparable on age, number of social contacts, history of attending daycare/school, and history of previous ARTI. 85% (n=41) of children in the group I and 90% (n=43) in the group II developed ARTI (p=0.368). In sick children at group I 50% clinical recovery from baseline value of CARIFS occurred on day 6.2(1.9), while in the group II on day 7.2(2.1) (p=0.025). For the group I return to normal health was observed on day 8.5(3.3)  vs  10.7(3.9) in the group II (p=0.007). In the group I nasal decongestants, throat preparations, and antipyretics were used for a shorter course than in the group II (2.3(1.2)  vs  3.2(1.7) p=0.007; 1.9(1.1)  vs  2.5(1.6) p=0.046; 2.7(1.2)  vs  3.5(1.5) p=0.009, respectively).   Conclusions.  At tendency toward prophylactic potential in limitation of household spread, probiotics have a clear attenuating effect on the clinical course of ARTI in young children and shorten use of flu/cold drugs.
The essential NHS
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

With only a week now until the UK general election, you won’t be surprised to find many articles on the NHS recently on thebmj.com. For readers outside the UK there’s lots of coverage of other issues too, though to many around the world as well as in the UK the NHS represents more than just healthcare: it stands as a globally unique and effective intervention for social justice. As Alan Maynard says (doi:10.1136/bmj.h2254), if he ruled the NHS he would find every way to demonstrate the remarkably good value that the UK’s citizens get from their NHS. “Protection of this modest spending, ensuring that people don’t have to pay …
Adjuvant BCG immunotherapy induces an effective antiviral immune response in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Evelina Vetskova, Maria Muhtarova, Toma Avramov, Maria Nikolova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is characterized by proliferation of premalignant squamous papillomas within the respiratory tract. The disease has often dramatic presentation due to significant airway obstruction, high relapse frequency and unpredictable prognosis as a result of inefficient immune response to chronic HPV infection. The adjuvant BCG immunotherapy considerably improves the outcome.  The present study investigates the effects of BCG on the antiviral immune response of RRP patients.  RRP patients (n = 17) subjected to combined CO 2  laser microsurgery / BCG-immunotherapy were studied before (0), 6, 12 and 20 months after the start of immunomodulation. The percentages of effector and regulatory T lymphocytes, as well as Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion were determined by flow cytometry, in comparison to healthy controls.  Initially increased levels of IFNg-secreting CD4 (Th1) and CD8 (Tc1) cells in untreated RRP patients were normalized to healthy control levels after 20 months of BCG immunotherapy. Further on, 12 months of BCG immunotherapy significantly decreased the share of proinflammatory Th17 (0.4 vs. 0.69, p  BCG immunotherapy increases the efficiency of antiviral T-cell response by restoring Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine balance and inducing the differentiation of Treg preventing the terminal differentiation of T cell clones in the settings of chronic infection.
A 10-Year Follow-Up of 55 Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: ELIZABETH G. HERRERA, BETTY GLASSER LIFSON, ERNEST HARTMANN, MAIDA H. SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Fifty-five young adults hospitalized for mental illness were followed up 10 years after their discharge as a sequel to three earlier follow-up studies. The majority of subjects were still poorly adjusted. The area of greatest competence was in school and work, whereas social relationships were almost universally inadequate. Pre-admission variables most predictive of good long-range outcome were "chumship" and leadership experiences and healthy parental attitudes. The only therapeutic variables related to long-range outcome were those which described degree of illness. Evidence pointed strongly to the need for postdischarge vocational services for patients and therapy for parents.
Relationships between spirometry, ventilation inhomogeneity and fast and slow ventilation lung units in COPD
Authors: Per Gustafsson, Dorota Persson, Paul Robinson, Birgitta Houltz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by small airway obstruction and parenchymal lung tissue destruction (emphysema).

Aim: To assess the relationships between spirometry and indices of global, peripheral airway and inter-regional ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) in COPD.

Subjects and Methods: 35 COPD subjects aged 63 (47; 74) yrs (median; range) with a history of >10 pack-years performed triplets of N2 MBW using the Exhalyzer D (Eco Medics AG, Duernten, Switzerland) plus spirometry. A global index of VI (lung clearance index; LCI) and an index of peripheral airway VI (Sacin) were calculated. Semi-log plots of exhaled N2 volume vs. breath number were used to calculate volume of the slow and fast emptying lung compartments and their specific ventilation. All ages spirometry normative values (Stanojevic et al 2008) and LCI and Sacin reference equations from 510 healthy controls were used.

Results: Slow compartment was 63% (43;73) of FRC (functional residual capacity) and specific ventilation of slow and fast compartments were 4.8% (1.3;9.6) and 23.9% (10.4; 55.30). LCI correlated with slow compartment size (R2=0.31, p<0.001) and its degree of underventilation (R2=0.47, p<0.001). Sacin correlated similarly with slow compartment size (R2=0.31, p<0.001) but less well with its degree of underventilation (R2=0.22, p<0.01). Underventilation of the slow compartment correlated with FEV1(z-score) (R2=0.31 p<0.001) and FEV1/FVC (z-score) R2=0.50 p<0.001).

Conclusion: The magnitude of the slow ventilating lung volume and its specific ventilation are important determinants of ventilatory capacity and overall ventilation distribution in COPD.
Prevalence, features of the course and treatment efficacy airway obstruction in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Andriy Dudnyk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Airway obstruction (AO) is an important factor for ineffective treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of research was studying prevelance AO, features of its course and effect of inhalation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods : In a prospective study was examined by spirometry among 311 patients of 18-75 with TB. The effectiveness of treatment was identified among 125 patients by randomization.The first group consisted of 31 patients, who, besides of chemotherapy, got ipratropium bromide and fenoterol (1 month); the second group consisted of 31 patients, who got fluticasone and salmeterol; the 3-ird group consisted of 32 patients, who got formoterol. The Control Group included 31 patients, who got only standard chemotherapy. Quality of life (QL) was evaluated using Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and 1 month. Results : The prevalence of AO among patients with TB was 62.70%. AO associated with greater frequency of shortness of breath (odds ratio (OR) = 11.78) and cough (OR= 10.56) compared patients with non-obstructive pattern (p=0,01). The relative risk of detecting endobronchial pathology in patients with AO is 2.01 times greater than without AO. In patients treated with inhalation therapy was observed greater improvements in HRQL by 5.6 scores for the physical component of SF-36, microscopic conversion of sputum to 16.17% cases and X-rays cavity closure to 11.81% cases more frequently compared with the Control Group (p=0,05). Conclusions: TB is often complicated by AO, short course of inhaled bronchodilators and/or glucocorticoids improve results of a treatment for such patients.
Node-negative breast cancer: prognostic subgroups defined by tumor size and flow cytometry.
Authors: S M O'Reilly, R S Camplejohn, D M Barnes, R R Millis, R D Rubens, M A Richards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Adjuvant systemic therapy for women with node-negative breast cancer is most easily justified for those patients at highest risk of relapse. We have examined the impact of tumor size, histologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor ploidy, and S-phase fraction (SPF) on relapse-free survival (RFS) for 169 patients with node-negative breast cancer in order to identify groups of patients at high and low risk of relapse. Patients with small tumors (less than or equal to 1.0 cm) had a significantly better RFS than those with larger tumors (P = .005), with 96% remaining relapse-free at 5 years. Patients with tumors less than or equal to 1.0 cm were thus excluded from analysis when attempting to define a group with a poor prognosis. Within the group of patients with tumors greater than 1.0 cm, tumor ploidy (P = .63), ER status (P = .3), or progesterone receptor (PgR) status (P = .24) did not predict for RFS. Patients with grade 1 or 2 infiltrating ductal tumors had a significantly better prognosis than those with grade 3 tumors (P = .04). The prognostic factor that gave the widest separation between subgroups, however, was SPF. Patients whose tumors were greater than 1.0 cm with an SPF less than or equal to 10% had a 5-year RFS of 78% compared with a 5-year RFS of 52% for those with an SPF greater than 10% (P = .006). We have combined tumor size and SPF to identify three prognostic groups: (1) tumor less than or equal to 1.0 cm, 5-year RFS 96%; (2) tumor greater than 1.0 cm plus SPF less than or equal to 10%, 5-year RFS 78%; 3) tumor greater than 1.0 cm plus SPF greater than 10%, 5-year RFS 52%. These prognostic groupings may help identify patients most suitable for adjuvant therapy.
A randomized trial in patients inadequately controlled with timolol alone comparing the dorzolamide-timolol combination to monotherapy with timolol or dorzolamide 11Ms. Clineschmidt, Dr. Adamsons, Dr. Snyder, and Dr. Reines are employees of Merck &amp; Co., Inc., the manufacturer of the dorzolamide-timolol combination. The other authors have no proprietary interest in the dorzolamide-timolol combination or in Merck.
Authors: Coleen M Clineschmidt, Robert D Williams, Ellen Snyder, Ingrid A Adamsons
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)
T cell chemokine receptor expression in COPD
Authors: Helena Forsslund, Mikael Mikko, Benita Engvall, Johan Grunewald, Åsa Wheelock, Jan Wahlström, Magnus Sköld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: COPD is characterized by accumulation of T cells in the lung. Recruitment is regulated by chemokines binding to receptors on the cell surface. We studied the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells from neversmokers, smokers with  lung function and COPD patients.  Methods: Thirtyseven neversmokers, 38 smokers with  lung function and 32 COPD patients, GOLD stage I-II (23 smokers and 9 exsmokers) underwent BAL (5x50 mL). BAL and blood T cells were analysed for CD3, CD4 and CD8 in combination with the activity marker CD69 and the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 using multicolor flow cytometry.  Results: The percentage of CD4+CD69- (non-activated) T cells expressing CXCR3 was significantly lower in BAL from normal smokers and from COPD smokers compared to neversmokers (p  Conclusions: The lower percentage of CD4+CD69-CXCR3+ T cells and the higher MFI of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells in BAL from both smoking groups seem to be related to smoke exposure  per se , rather than the degree of airway obstruction. This was not observed in COPD exsmokers, indicating that both smoking history and current smoke exposure affect the expression. Analysis of soluble ligands for CXCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 is in progress.
Functional Characteristics of Mast Cells Associated With Rat Mammary Tumors Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene 2
Authors: John W. Combs, D. M. Purnell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Functional Characteristics of Mast Cells Associated With Rat Mammary Tumors Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Get access John W. Combs, M.D., Ph.D, John W. Combs, M.D., Ph.D Department of Pathology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. M. Purnell, Ph.D D. M. Purnell, Ph.D Department of Pathology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1003–1011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1003 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 06 September 1972 Accepted: 18 October 1972 Published: 01 April 1973
Toxicity and Biochemical and Fine Structural Effects of Synthetic Aflatoxins M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; in Rat Liver&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Raymond S. Pong, Gerald N. Wogan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)