tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Perinatal Mortality: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Andréa Paula Peneluppi de Medeiros, Nelson Gouveia, Reinaldo Paul Pérez Machado, Miriam Regina de Souza, Gizelton Pereira Alencar, Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes, Márcia Furquim de Almeida
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAmbient levels of air pollution may affect the health of children, as indicated by studies of infant and perinatal mortality. Scientific evidence has also correlated low birth weight and preterm birth, which are important determinants of perinatal death, with air pollution. However, most of these studies used ambient concentrations measured at monitoring sites, which may not consider differential exposure to pollutants found at elevated concentrations near heavy-traffic roadways.ObjectivesOur goal was to examine the association between traffic-related pollution and perinatal mortality.MethodsWe used the information collected for a case–control study conducted in 14 districts in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding risk factors for perinatal deaths. We geocoded the residential addresses of cases (fetal and early neonatal deaths) and controls (children who survived the 28th day of life) and calculated a distance-weighted traffic density (DWTD) measure considering all roads contained in a buffer surrounding these homes.ResultsLogistic regression revealed a gradient of increasing risk of early neonatal death with higher exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Mothers exposed to the highest quartile of the DWTD compared with those less exposed exhibited approximately 50% increased risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–3.19). Associations for fetal mortality were less consistent.ConclusionsThese results suggest that motor vehicle exhaust exposures may be a risk factor for perinatal mortality.
Unstable angina activates myocardial heat shock protein 72, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and transcription factors NFκB and AP-1
Authors: Guro Valen, Göran K Hansson, Alexandra Dumitrescu, Jarle Vaage
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Unstable angina may improve the clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction, but increases the morbidity and mortality of open heart surgery. We hypothetized that unstable angina influences the myocardium, and investigated the expression of the inducible heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), constitutive HSP73, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and activation of the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 in cardiac tissue. Methods: Biopsies were taken from the right atrium of 15 patients with unstable and 15 with stable angina undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies against HSP72, HSP73, and eNOS were performed on protein extracts, while nuclear proteins were assessed by electromobility shift assay. Results: When calculating the optical density of the bands, patients with unstable angina had more than twice as much HSP72 and eNOS as stable patients (P<0.005), while HSP73 was similar in both groups. Nuclear translocation of NFκB and AP-1 was found in patients with anginal pain shortly before surgery, but not in stable patients or in patients without symptoms for 4 days or more prior to surgery. Conclusions: HSP72 and eNOS, which may be associated with cardioprotection in ischemic preconditioning, are increased in atrial tissue of patients with unstable angina. Activation of NFκB and AP-1, which regulate a battery of inflammatory genes, was found in hearts of unstable patients. NFκB activation may induce a myocardial proinflammatory state, possibly making the unstable myocardium more susceptible to the inflammation induced by open heart surgery.
Pestering the elderly
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Some years ago, when the then prime minister qualified for her bus pass, someone in the BBC decided to do a Sunday morning radio programme about the life of older people. As one with some specialist knowledge, I was asked to help. And as any nephew might do in the circumstances, I rang my elderly aunt in case she would be interested in listening. Her reply—“I'm sorry, dear, but we're actually going out hill walking that day”—made quite an important point about the life of older people.

My aunt still goes out regularly with her rambling friends though, as she puts it herself, …
The Sulindac Story: What Is Medical News?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Two recent issues of the Journal 1 , 2 contain indignant letters protesting the publicity last November that attended the introduction of sulindac, a "new" anti-arthritic drug approved for release by the FDA and now marketed in this country by Merck Sharp and Dohme under the trade name "Clinoril." This week's correspondence section features still more commentary, including a spirited rebuttal by Mr. Alton Blakeslee, a veteran and respected medical reporter who assisted Merck with the original news release.Our correspondents objected, in the first place, to the "sensationalism" of the publicity. Mr. Blakeslee's news release started out: "Relief from the pain and . . .
Comparison of Choi and Hans' Algorithms by Immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-PCR – Letter
Authors: Erica Ballabio, Jianxiang Chi, Giovanna Roncador, Alison H. Banham, Christian S.R. Hatton, Charles H. Lawrie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

It is nearly 10 years since two distinct molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were identified by the similarity of their gene expression profile to germinal center (GCB) or activated (ABC) B cells. Yet translation of this discovery into clinical practice remains stubbornly
New antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability
Authors: A G Marson, Z A Kadir, D W Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the newly developed antiepileptic drugs gabapentin, lamotrigine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. <b>Design</b>: Systematic review of published and unpublished randomised controlled trials of add-on treatment with new antiepileptic drugs. <b>Subjects</b>: 20 published and eight unpublished trials representing 3883 patients with refractory partial epilepsy. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Proportion of patients who (a) showed 50% or greater reduction in frequency of seizures (50% responders) and (b) withdrew from each study for any reason. <b>Results</b>: Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) relative to placebo for 50% responders were 2.29 (1.53 to 3.43) for gabapentin, 2.32 (1.47 to 3.68) for lamotrigine, 3.03 (2.01 to 4.58) for tiagabine, 4.22 (2.80 to 6.35) for topiramate, 3.68 (2.45 to 5.51) for vigabatrin, and 2.47 (1.36 to 4.47) for zonisamide. Odds ratios for withdrawal were 1.36 (0.75 to 2.49) for gabapentin, 1.19 (0.79 to 1.79) for lamotrigine, 1.81 (1.21 to 2.70) for tiagabine, 2.42 (1.43 to 4.11) for topiramate, 2.58 (1.26 to 5.27) for vigabatrin, and 5.70 (1.76 to 18.49) for zonisamide. Comparing results for each drug showed that all of the 95% confidence intervals overlapped, indicating that they were not significantly different in terms of efficacy and tolerability. <b>Conclusions</b>: All six drugs were significantly better than placebo at reducing frequency of seizures. These results do not allow an evidence based choice between these drugs as we have no conclusive indication of differences in efficacy or tolerability. <h3>Key messages</h3> At present there is insufficient evidence to guide a choice between these new treatments We systematically reviewed randomised placebo controlled studies of supplementary gabapentin, lamotrigine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide Each drug was significantly better than placebo at preventing seizures, but none was significantly different from the others in terms of efficacy or tolerability, though the confidence intervals were wide Randomised trials comparing active treatments are needed to further evaluate these drugs
Lymphedema of the Lower Extremities: Evaluation by Microcolloidal Imaging
Authors: CHARLES M. INTENZ0, ANIL G. DESAI, SUNG S. KIM, CHAN H. PARK, GENO J. MERLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Contrast lymphangiography has been the traditional radiographic method for imaging the lymphatic system of the lower extremities. Because of the difficulty in performing the procedure and its potential side effects, radionuclide lymphangiography is a safe and reliable alternative. Technetium-99m labeled to antimony trisulfide colloid was used in nine patients presenting with lymphedema of the lower extremities. The procedure was relatively simple to perform, and no adverse effects were noted.
The Relationships Among IL-13, Total IgE, Peripheral Eosinophils, and Asthma in Childhood
Authors: D.J. Montville, D.J. Jackson, D.F. DaSilva, C.J. Tisler, K.A. Roberg, E.L. Anderson, M.D. Evans, R.E. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Life-threatening hemoptysis in adults with community-acquired pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Véronique Boussaud, Antoine Parrot, Charles Mayaud, Marie Wislez, Martine Antoine, Clément Picard, Françoise Delisle, Jérome Etienne, Jacques Cadranel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Analysis of renal fibrosis in a rabbit model of crescentic nephritis.
Authors: G Downer, S H Phan, R C Wiggins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in crescentic nephritis is incompletely understood. To improve our understanding of this process, crescentic nephritis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits by administration of guinea pig antiglomerular basement membrane IgG after sensitization with guinea pig IgG, and their kidneys were analyzed for the development of fibrosis. Collagen synthesis in renal cortical tissue was significantly elevated by day 3, peaked at days 7-15, and returned towards baseline by day 21. Collagen content of both glomeruli and cortex were increased starting on days 14-16, and remained constant in cortex thereafter. Light microscopic analysis was much less sensitive, revealing fibrosis only after day 21. Immunofluorescence revealed that type IV collagen was distributed primarily in the glomerulus, while types I and III were increased in the glomerulus and interstitium. Thus, in this model of crescentic nephritis, fibrosis, as assessed biochemically, developed early at time points when morphologic analysis failed to detect such a development. Hence early therapeutic intervention, before morphologic evidence of fibrosis is evident, may be more successful in arresting the progression of this disease before it reaches irreversible terminal stages.
QUALITY OF LIFE BEFORE AND AFTER CATHETER ABLATION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS WITH LOW LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Prasant Mohanty, Luigi Di Biase, Rong Bai, Chintan Trivedi, David Burkhardt, Rodney Horton, Joe Gallinghouse, Javier Sanchez, Jason Zagrodzky, Shane Bailey, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Functional capacity and treatment data from a community based study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S G Owen, W T Friesen, M S Roberts, H Francis, W Flux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

A community based study of rheumatoid arthritis was undertaken to determine patient characteristics and the patterns of treatment. Three hundred and eighty subjects were visited in their homes throughout Tasmania (pop. 430 000) by a research team. The median age of the sample was 60 years (interquartile range (IR) 49-69), with a female predominance of 2.65 to 1. The average onset age was 41 years (IR 30-53). Prescribing data indicated that polypharmacy was not common in the community, and that the use of slow acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) and oral corticosteroids was not widespread. At the time of the study 26% of subjects were assayed fully functional--class I of the American Rheumatism Association9s (ARA) functional classifications. The functional capacity data provided evidence that the spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis found in the community differed from that found in specialist rheumatology clinics.
Antidepressants and the Risk of Falls among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Purushottam B. Thapa, Patricia Gideon, Terry W. Cost, Amanda B. Milam, Wayne A. Ray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In nursing home residents, the use of tricyclic and other heterocyclic antidepressants is associated with an increased risk of falls. The newer selective serotonin-reuptake–inhibitor antidepressants are largely free of the side effects of the tricyclic agents thought to cause falls and so have been hypothesized to be safer for those at high risk for falls.
Immunisation of neonates at high risk of hepatitis B in England and Wales: national surveillance.
Authors: S. Polakoff, E. M. Vandervelde
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The results of a voluntary programme of immunisation against hepatitis B in neonates at high risk (mother being positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and without hepatitis B e antibody or having had acute hepatitis B late in pregnancy) are reported. The programme was offered in England and Wales from November 1982. Passive immunisation alone was available in the first six months of life until 1985, after which infants received passive and active immunisation from birth; in addition, some infants received passive immunisation for six months followed by a course of hepatitis B vaccine. All but a few infants received the first immunising dose within 48 hours after birth. Blood samples for analysing markers of hepatitis B virus were available at 1 year from 147 of the 223 infants given passive immunisation, 54 of the 72 given passive followed by active immunisation, and 102 of the 155 given passive and active immunisation at birth. At 1 year 11 of the 127 (9%) infants given four or more doses of specific hepatitis B immunoglobulin were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen compared with four of the 20 given three or fewer doses; 11 had levels of hepatitis B surface antibody greater than 50 IU/l. Only one of the 54 infants given passive then active immunisation was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen at 1 year and four infants had low (less than or equal to 50 IU/l) levels of hepatitis B surface antibody. Four of the 102 infants who received passive and active immunisation at birth were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Two had received the fill course of vaccine, whereas in the other two vaccination was incomplete or unstated. In 79 of the 89 infants who received a complete course of vaccination the level of hepatitis B surface antibody was known, and 70 had levels at 1 year greater than 100 IU/1. Reactions to immunisation were not severe at any age. The incidence of side effects was 8% for the immunoglobulin, 11% for the vaccine, and 9% when immunoglobulin and vaccine were given together. Wider collaboration in the programme is requested.
A METHOD FOR IMPROVING CIRCULATION IN VARICOSE ULCERS
Authors: Morris H. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The stubbornness to healing of varicose ulcers of the legs is in the main due to deficient circulation. The tissue around the ulcer becomes brawny, hard and edematous. Stasis takes place in the capillaries, and lymph edema as well as tissue edema ensues, producing capillary occlusion. In addition to the general methods of treatment, I have found one that I have not seen previously described, which has worked with remarkable success in my experience. The method consists of slow compression of the tissue by the patient or a nurse, expressing the edema fluid from the brawny, hard area and then permitting the circulation to fill in the depression. This is done for ten or fifteen minutes once or twice a day. I have found that within two weeks the area of half the leg, perhaps, will have become normally soft and finely vascularized with normal color and normal superficial circulation.
"ARSPHENAMIN DERMATITIS, MERCURIAL POISONING AND LEAD INTOXICATION"
Authors: P. H. Owens
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to comment briefly on a letter written by Dr. Harry Lutz, Augusta, Kan., published January 17. Physicians who have had little or no experience with sodium thiosulphate might believe what Dr. Lutz has said. I have had little experience with the use of sodium thiosulphate in the treatment of lead poisoning; therefore I know little about its merits in this condition. I would consider, however, that it is just as important to use sodium thiosulphate in the treatment of acute arsenic and mercury poisoning as it is to sterilize one's instruments before an abdominal operation. Sodium thiosulphate is as much a specific in mercury poisoning as quinin is in malaria. We cannot expect medicine to restore to an individual his kidney after a nephrectomy, and because a medicine does not restore an organ after it has been removed or destroyed by disease or poison is
PSORIASIS IS A RISK FACTOR FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A DANISH NATIONWIDE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Ole Ahlehoff, Gunnar H. Gislason, Jesper Lindhardsen, Casper H. Jorgensen, Mette G. Charlot, Steen Z. Abildstrom, Lone Skov, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Peter R. Hansen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
B cells mediate chronic allograft rejection independently of antibody production
Authors: Qiang Zeng, Yue-Harn Ng, Tripti Singh, Ke Jiang, Khaleefathullah A. Sheriff, Renee Ippolito, Salwa Zahalka, Qi Li, Parmjeet Randhawa, Rosemary A. Hoffman, Balathiripurasundari Ramaswami, Frances E. Lund, Geetha Chalasani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Chronic rejection is the primary cause of long-term failure of transplanted organs and is often viewed as an antibody-dependent process. Chronic rejection, however, is also observed in mice and humans with no detectable circulating alloantibodies, suggesting that antibody-independent pathways may also contribute to pathogenesis of transplant rejection. Here, we have provided direct evidence that chronic rejection of vascularized heart allografts occurs in the complete absence of antibodies, but requires the presence of B cells. Mice that were deficient for antibodies but not B cells experienced the same chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV), which is a pathognomonic feature of chronic rejection, as WT mice; however, mice that were deficient for both B cells and antibodies were protected from CAV. B cells contributed to CAV by supporting splenic lymphoid architecture, T cell cytokine production, and infiltration of T cells into graft vessels. In chimeric mice, in which B cells were present but could not present antigen, both T cell responses and CAV were markedly reduced. These findings establish that chronic rejection can occur in the complete absence of antibodies and that B cells contribute to this process by supporting T cell responses through antigen presentation and maintenance of lymphoid architecture.
Pharmacodynamics of tissue-type plasminogen activator characterized by computer-assisted simulation.
Authors: A J Tiefenbrunn, R A Graor, A K Robison, F V Lucas, A Hotchkiss, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Prospective characterization of pharmacodynamics of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is needed for diverse clinical applications. Accordingly, we used physiologically based, computer simulation of participating biochemical reactions in response to concentrations of circulating t-PA seen with infusions of 1 to 7 hr duration in 45 patients. Predicted values were compared with those from a "training set" obtained in six patients given t-PA for coronary thrombosis and six receiving therapy for peripheral arterial occlusion. Subsequently, results of simulation were compared prospectively with observations from a "test set" of 33 consecutive patients given low doses of t-PA for as long as 7 hr or higher doses for 1 to 2 hr and with data from 101 patients given t-PA in the European Cooperative Trial. Fits between observed and predicted values were close. Based on observations in the training set, the alpha 2-macroglobulin reaction with circulating plasmin and ongoing synthesis of plasminogen were incorporated in the simulations. Fibrinogenolysis in vitro was documented despite supplementation of samples with aprotinin, particularly when concentrations of t-PA were high. This phenomenon can lead to overestimation of fibrinogen depletion and was found to be obviated by the use of PPACK, a novel serine protease inhibitor. Results indicate that the simulation approach developed permits economic, prospective evaluation of regimens of t-PA suitable for diverse conditions and delineation of the impact of individual constituents and reactions on pharmacodynamics of t-PA and on the risk of induction of a systemic lytic state.
Fatal Aspiration in an Epileptic Infant— Risk of a Propped Bottle
Authors: Edwin C. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The risks of tongue biting, swallowing of the tongue, and aspiration during epileptic seizures are well known to physicians. Aspirations by infants who have convulsive disorders is a particular problem. The purpose of this report is to present an infant who aspirated from a propped bottle during a convulsion and to call the physician's attention to this danger. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> The patient was a 5 1/2-month-old white female admitted to Bernalillo County-Indian Hospital on Oct 20, 1967. Birth weight was 6 lb, 7 oz, and there were no perinatal problems. The patient was well until 3 months of age when seizures developed. These comprised the following sequence of events: tonic extension of the extremities, gasping respirations, pallor, and defecation and urination. These episodes lasted from one-half to two minutes and occurred from one to five times a week. Physical and neurological examination at the time
T cell receptor V beta gene bias in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R N Jenkins, A Nikaein, A Zimmermann, K Meek, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was employed to examine peripheral blood and synovial T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for biased utilization of T cell receptor (TCR) variable region (V) genes. Oligonucleotide primers specific for individual TCR V beta gene families were used to amplify TCR gene products in a semiquantitative assay of their relative utilization in unselected T cell populations. Mean V beta expression in 24 RA peripheral blood samples was very similar to that in a panel of 15 normal subjects, except for a slight decrease in V beta 13.2 expression. V beta utilization in 8 RA synovial tissue samples and 13 synovial fluid samples was compared to simultaneously obtained blood samples. Although heterogeneous patterns of skewed V beta utilization were observed, several significant trends emerged. By a number of approaches to data analysis, a statistically significant increase in expression of V beta 6 and V beta 15 in synovial T cells was documented. In addition, increased synovial expression of V beta 14 was found, but only in the synovial fluid samples. Reduced expression of V beta 1, V beta 4, V beta 5.1, V beta 10, V beta 16, and V beta 19 was also observed in synovial T cells. These results indicate that biased V beta gene utilization in different peripheral compartments of RA patients can be observed in unselected T cell populations, and are consistent with the conclusion that populations of T cells expressing these V beta gene products may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.