tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute renovascular hypertension in conscious dogs. Interaction of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flow responses.
Authors: H Gavras, C Liang
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

The effects of acute renovascular hypertension on the sympathetic nervous system, regional blood flow and cardiac function were studied in conscious dogs submitted to renal artery occlusion by inflation of a cuff implanted previously around one renal artery. We then compared the alterations in plasma renin and catecholamine levels and in the various hemodynamic parameters induced by those maneuvers in intact dogs, to those in dogs pretreated with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Subsequently, the converting enzyme inhibitor teprotide was administered to inhibit angiotensin formation in both experiments. Our results suggest that both the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic system contribute to the rise in blood pressure. The hemodynamic changes and alterations in regional blood flows accompanying this acute hypertension appear to be due mostly to the increase in plasma angiotensin, since prior adrenoceptor blockade only attenuated their magnitude but did not alter their direction. However, angiotensin-induced coronary vasoconstriction was observed only in adrenergically blocked but not intact animals, probably because of the protective effect of baroreceptor-mediated reflex sympathetic coronary vasodilation.
Case Report: A Case of Wood-Smoke–Related Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Janet V. Diaz, Jonathan Koff, Michael B. Gotway, Stephen Nishimura, John R. Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

ContextBiomass serves as a major fuel source for > 50% of the world's population. The global burden of disease attributed to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion accounts for approximately 3% of worldwide disability-adjusted life-years lost. This is due to pneumonia in children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women.Case PresentationA 53-year-old man from Mexico was referred to the pulmonary clinic for evaluation of chronic productive cough and pulmonary nodules. In his youth, he worked at a charcoal plant in Mexico, where he burned wood and was exposed to massive amounts of smoke. His evaluation revealed thickened bronchovascular bundles with nodules on thoracic computed tomography, dark black plaques in large airways on bronchoscopy, and carbon-laden macrophages and fibrotic scars on lung biopsy.DiscussionThe patient was diagnosed with "hut lung," a term that refers to the noninfectious, nonmalignant respiratory manifestations of chronic, high-level exposures to biomass smoke. This is the first reported case of hut lung associated with charcoal production. This case highlights that histopathologic abnormalities of the lung parenchyma may be present in patients with only mild symptoms and that clinical progression is likely a function of both the duration and intensity of exposure.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAs residents of lesser developed countries continue to be exposed to high levels of biomass smoke at work or at home and continue to immigrate to developed countries, it is important that health care providers in developed countries be aware of biomass-smoke–related pulmonary disease.
Despite improving endothelial function oral vitamin C increases phosphocreatine depletion during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Angus K. Nightingale, Jenny G. Crilley, Nicholas C. Pegge, Rachel C. Field, Matthias Schmitt, Catherine Mumford, Leong Lee, Ernie A. Boehm, Doris J. Taylor, Kieran Clarke, Peter Styles, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cost Savings Using a Stepped-Care Prescribing Protocol for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: David L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To lower nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) costs while maintaining quality patient care and clinician satisfaction.Before and after 21-month trial with one study site and two control sites and a questionnaire that was sent to 203 clinicians.Two military medical centers and two affiliated primary care clinics. All beneficiaries filling outpatient NSAID prescriptions.An NSAID prescribing protocol was implemented requiring a trial of either ibuprofen or indomethacin before new prescription of more expensive NSAIDs. One control center used an NSAID computer cost-prompt and the other had no intervention.The proportion of expensive NSAIDs prescribed at each institution and total NSAID costs adjusted for prescription volume. Clinician acceptance and patient impact were assessed by the questionnaire.Study site clinicians (n=158) reported very few protocol-related patient care problems. A minority (9%) of study site clinicians considered the protocol very bothersome, and only 2% felt it should be discontinued. Quarterly use of expensive NSAIDs at the study site fell from 34% to 21%, decreasing costs by 30% (P<.001). In contrast, the site with a computer cost-prompt had only a 5% decrease in NSAID costs, while costs at the site with no intervention increased 2%.For drugs with similar benefits and adverse effects, a "stepped formulary" approach requiring an initial trial of one of the less expensive agents can maintain physician prescribing choices and satisfaction while lowering costs.
Abstract 4621: The histone methyltransferase EZH2 catalytic activity is required for cell growth in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Authors: James E. Audia, Patrick Trojer, Shivani Garapaty, Fei Lan, Vidya Balasubramanian, Eric Chan, Charles Hatton, Robert Campbell, Richard Cummings, Emmanuel Normant, Barbara Bryant, Brian Albrecht, Jean Christophe Harmange, Les Dakin, Victor Gehling, Chris Nasveschuk, Rishi Vaswani, Andrew Cook
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lysine methyltransferases and demethylases were identified as transcriptional co-regulators functioning by either preserving particular chromatin methylation states or by controlling placement and removal of histone lysine methylation marks to promote dynamic changes in gene expression. The development of small molecule methyltransferase and demethylase inhibitors provides a novel approach to affect the regulation of transcription, and thus potentially allowing interference with aberrant transcriptional programs as observed, for instance, in cancer. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), the major histone H3 lysine 27 (K27) methyltransferase, is widely implicated in tumor progression. The presence of a recurrent mutation of a single tyrosine residue in the EZH2 catalytic domain in germinal center B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma suggests that these cancers might be dependent on altered EZH2 molecular function, the mutation facilitating the conversion of an H3K27 di-methylated to a tri-methylated state. Inhibition of the EZH2 catalytic activity will provide a new therapeutic approach to treat human cancers, especially lymphomas carrying activating mutations. Constellation has identified, characterized and optimized potent, selective and reversible EZH2 small molecule inhibitors as well as studied the biological impact of such inhibition. We find that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 causes selective cell viability defects with cell lines harboring EZH2 mutations being the most sensitive. Our EZH2 inhibitors potently engage the target in vivo and exhibit efficacy in lymphoma xenograft models. Genome-wide mapping of EZH2 and H3K27me3 sites in the absence and presence of the compound revealed that the EZH2 inhibitor caused significant changes to the local chromatin modification landscape, however only a subset of these alterations translated into gene expression changes. The discovery of additional contexts that define sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitors will be discussed. Citation Format: James E. Audia, Patrick Trojer, Shivani Garapaty, Fei Lan, Vidya Balasubramanian, Eric Chan, Charles Hatton, Robert Campbell, Richard Cummings, Emmanuel Normant, Barbara Bryant, Brian Albrecht, Jean Christophe Harmange, Les Dakin, Victor Gehling, Chris Nasveschuk, Rishi Vaswani, Andrew Cook. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 catalytic activity is required for cell growth in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4621
THE BLOOD-URINE UREA CONCENTRATION RATIO IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Paul Starr, Frances Ballard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

The blood-urine urea concentration ratio, following the work of MacLean (1), Harrison (2), Addis (3), Rabinowitch (4, 5, 6, 7) and Van Slyke (8, 9), has been determined in a series of 44 patients with vascular hypertension.They are arranged in three groups (tables 3, 4 and 5) of increasing severity of cardiovascular damage.They are not considered to have a primary nephritis; the extent of secondary renal damage was unknown. METHODSFollowing the plan of Rabinowitch, our procedure was as follows:
Antibiotic Therapy and Treatment Failure in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Michael B. Rothberg
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Guidelines recommend antibiotic therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the evidence is based on small, heterogeneous trials, few of which include hospitalized patients.To compare the outcomes of patients treated with antibiotics in the first 2 hospital days with those treated later or not at all.Retrospective cohort of patients aged 40 years or older who were hospitalized from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, for acute exacerbations of COPD at 413 acute care facilities throughout the United States.A composite measure of treatment failure, defined as the initiation of mechanical ventilation after the second hospital day, inpatient mortality, or readmission for acute exacerbations of COPD within 30 days of discharge; length of stay, and hospital costs.Of 84,621 patients, 79% received at least 2 consecutive days of antibiotic treatment. Treated patients were less likely than nontreated patients to receive mechanical ventilation after the second hospital day (1.07%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06%-1.08% vs 1.80%; 95% CI, 1.78%-1.82%), had lower rates of inpatient mortality (1.04%; 95% CI, 1.03%-1.05% vs 1.59%; 95% CI, 1.57%-1.61%), and had lower rates of readmission for acute exacerbations of COPD (7.91%; 95% CI, 7.89%-7.94% vs 8.79%; 95% CI, 8.74%-8.83%). Patients treated with antibiotic agents had a higher rate of readmissions for Clostridium difficile (0.19%; 95% CI, 0.187%-0.193%) than those who were not treated (0.09%; 95% CI, 0.086%-0.094%). After multivariable adjustment, including the propensity for antibiotic treatment, the risk of treatment failure was lower in antibiotic-treated patients (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.92). A grouped treatment approach and hierarchical modeling to account for potential confounding of hospital effects yielded similar results. Analysis stratified by risk of treatment failure found similar magnitudes of benefit across all subgroups.Early antibiotic administration was associated with improved outcomes among patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of COPD regardless of the risk of treatment failure.
Comparison of clotrimazole cream, Whitfield's ointment and Nystatin ointment for the topical treatment of ringworm infections, pityriasis versicolor, erythrasma and candidiasis
Authors: YVONNE M. CLAYTON, BRUCE L. CONNOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

A double-blind trial was used to compare the efficacy and acceptability of topical treatment with clotrimazole cream or Whitfield's ointment for ringworm, pityriasis versicolor, and erythrasma infections, and that of clotrimazole cream or Nystatin ointment for Candida infections. Clotrimazole was found to be as effective and acceptable as Whitfield's ointment and Nystatin ointment.
Acoustic apoplexy: an acute complication of a common intracranial tumour
Authors: M. A. Hollingworth, S. J. Griffiths, R. S. C. Kerr, E. A. C. Pereira
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 64 year old woman presented with acute headache, vomiting, and vertigo. Examination showed left sided facial and abducens nerve palsies, with …
Hallervorden and History
Authors: Michael Shevell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To quote Abraham Lincoln, “we cannot escape history.” Not even in the pages of a medical journal devoted to the elucidation of the scientific basis of disease can we do so. In this issue of the Journal, Hayflick et al. (pages 33–40) report on the genetic, clinical, and radiographic delineation of Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome. Mutations in the gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, are correlated with phenotypic features observed in both classic and atypical cases of Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome. Their report is a prototypical example of the precision of the “scalpel” . . .
Non–pseudogene-derived complex acid β-glucosidase mutations causing mild type 1 and severe type 2 Gaucher disease
Authors: Marie E. Grace, Patricia Ashton-Prolla, Gregory M. Pastores, Agnes Soni, Robert J. Desnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, acid β-glucosidase. Three phenotypically distinct subtypes result from different acid β-glucosidase mutations encoding enzymes with absent or low activity. A severe neonatal type 2 variant who presented with collodion skin, ichthyosis, and a rapid neurodegenerative course had two novel acid β-glucosidase alleles: a complex, maternally derived allele, E326K+L444P, and a paternally inherited nonsense mutation, E233X. Because the only other non–pseudogene-derived complex allele, D140H+E326K, also had the E326K lesion and was reported in a mild type 1 patient with a D140H+E326K/K157Q genotype, these complex alleles and their individual mutations were expressed and characterized. Because the E233X mutation expressed no activity and the K157Q allele had ∼1% normal specific activity based on cross-reacting immunologic material (CRIM SA) in the baculovirus system, the residual activity in both patients was primarily from their complex alleles. In the type 1 patient, the D140H+E326K allele was neuroprotective, encoding an enzyme with a catalytic efficiency similar to that of the N370S enzyme. In contrast, the E326K+L444P allele did not have sufficient activity to protect against the neurologic manifestations and, in combination with the inactive E233X lesion, resulted in the severe neonatal type 2 variant. Thus, characterization of these novel genotypes with non–pseudogene-derived complex mutations provided the pathogenic basis for their diverse phenotypes.
Treatment of egg allergy in children through oral desensitization
Authors: A. Buchanan, S.M. Jones, L. Christie, K.M. Althage, A.M. Sculrock, R.M. Helm, L.A. Pons, S. Andrzejewski, P. Steele, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Sedatives for alcoholics.
Authors: A Foster
Journal: BMJ (1977)

toxaemia" were higher in every one of the six years.Deaths from these two causes in 1969 amounted to 6-8 per 1000 and in 1975 to 8-8 per 1000 births, an increase almost exactly equal to the reduction in the rate for the "mature, cause unknown" category.In- creases in both premature birth rates and maternal toxaemia have been reported in asso- ciation with high induction rates, so these changes may be more than coincidental.If this is the case it may explain the failure of high induction rates to reduce overall perinatal mortality rates, even if some unexplained deaths of mature infants are thereby pre- vented.
Spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis of low-grade MDS erythroid precursors involves the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: E Gyan, E Frisan, O Beyne-Rauzy, J-C Deschemin, C Pierre-Eugene, Clotilde Randriamampita, A Dubart-Kupperschmitt, C Garrido, F Dreyfus, P Mayeux, C Lacombe, E Solary, M Fontenay
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
M. Glenn Koenig, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Authors: DONALD KAYE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973M. Glenn Koenig, M.D., F.A.C.P.DONALD KAYE, M.D.DONALD KAYE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-778 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: On 13 November 1972 American medicine lost one of its brightest lights, when M. Glenn Koenig, M.D., F.A.C.P., died at 41 years of age. His untimely death cut short a brilliant career.Dr. Koenig was born in New York City and attended the Ethical Culture Schools in New York; Oberlin College, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa; and Cornell University Medical College, where he was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha. After an internship and 2 years of residency in internal medicine at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, he became a U.S. Public Health Service... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine The Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 778-779KeywordsMedical servicesResidency Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Angiolipoma of the Duodenum Diagnosed After Endoscopic Resection
Authors: I. S. Jung, J. Y. Jang, C. B. Ryu, S. J. Hong, J. O. Kim, J. Y. Cho, J. S. Lee, M. S. Lee, S. Y. Jin, C. S. Shim, B. S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of dyspepsia of 6 months' duration. Endoscopy revealed a long tubular-shaped polypoid lesion measuring 3.5 cm in length located in the duodenal bulb covered by smooth yellowish-pink mucosa (Figure [1]). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a hyperechoic lesion with internal anechoic densities in the submucosal layer. The lesion was thought to be an unusual type of lipoma, and duodenal polypectomy was done. Gross examination of the resected specimen showed an elongated tubular-shaped mass, 0.4 × 3.5 cm, covered with normal mucosa. Histopathological examination revealed a tumor which had arisen in the submucosa, composed of mature adipose tissue and small vessels with fibrin thrombi within the vascular channels (Figure [2]). The entire tumor had been successfully removed. The patient was discharged 3 days later and remains completely asymptomatic. Angiolipoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor, an unusual variant of lipoma, consisting of fatty and vascular components and located in the subcutaneous tissue, usually of the trunk and extremities [1]. Histologically, these neoplasms consist of mature adipose tissue interspersed with capillaries with notable pericytic proliferation. They have a prominent vascular component comprising of numerous small capillaries that are dilated or filled with fibrin thrombi. Angiolipoma of the GI is rare [2] [3], especially in the small bowel. Only one case of angiolipoma of the small bowel has been reported [4]. The tumor is usually asymptomatic, but may present with abdominal pain, obstruction, intussusception and bleeding [2]. Endoscopically, it may be difficult to distinguish angiolipoma from lipoma. Both appear as smooth, rounded tumors that are usually sessile, but can be pedunculated as in this case. In order to make the differential diagnosis we carried out EUS. The characteristic EUS finding for lipoma is of a hyperechoic mass located in the submucosa. However, in this case, EUS revealed a hyperechoic lesion with an internal anechoic echo texture in the submucosa. Although there is controversy about how angiolipoma should be treated, we carried out an endoscopic resection for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Hypobetalipoproteinemia with accumulation of an apoprotein B-like protein in intestinal cells. Immunoenzymatic and biochemical characterization of seven cases of Anderson's disease.
Authors: M E Bouma, I Beucler, L P Aggerbeck, R Infante, J Schmitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We describe here seven cases (from five kindreds) of Anderson's disease, which is characterized by diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypobetalipoproteinemia with low levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, and failure to secrete chylomicrons after a fat meal. Enterocytes isolated from intestinal biopsies of patients after overnight fast showed numerous fat droplets, a histological picture resembling that of abetalipoproteinemia. Immunoenzymatic staining of the enterocytes demonstrated large amounts of material that reacted with a polyclonal antiserum to apolipoprotein B. Further, the immunoreactive material was found to react with several different monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing both the B100 and B48 forms of apoprotein B, but not with any of several monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing only B100. This suggests that the material in the enterocytes is the B48 form of apoprotein B or a fragment thereof. Additional findings included decreased low density lipoprotein levels with an abnormal chemical composition, abnormal high density lipoprotein2 (HDL2) and HDL3 particle size distributions, and an abnormal HDL apoprotein composition. Increased amounts of proteins having electrophoretic mobilities similar to apo E and the E-AII complex were present. Finally, some cases exhibited additional protein components of apparent molecular weights between 17,000 and 28,000, which was similar to some cases of abetalipoproteinemia. These findings demonstrate that Anderson's disease is not due to the absence of synthesis of intestinal apo B and suggest that it is more complex than previously thought, affecting all the lipoprotein classes.
Charles Anthony Higgins
Authors: C. Higgins
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Born in Worksop into a non-medical family (his father worked for the Yorkshire Penny Bank in Worksop and later in Huddersfield), Charles Anthony Higgins was able to study medicine at Guy’s Hospital because he was awarded a Kitchener scholarship and grants from the Thomas Wall Trust and Sir Richard Stapley Educational Trust. Between 1949 and 1951 he did his national service with the Royal Army Medical Corps and went on to become a captain in the Territorial Army, spending time with a …
Electrophysiological study of the two main pacemaker mechanisms in the rabbit sinus node
Authors: D. KREITNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Electrophysiological study of the two main pacemaker mechanisms in the rabbit sinus node Get access DANIELLE KREITNER DANIELLE KREITNER **Permanent address: Universitt Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI) UER de Physiologie Animale, 9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France†Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Laboratoire de Physiologie Compdarée, Université Paris XI, Centre d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France. (Abbreviation: Lab. Physio. Comp. Univ. Paris XI 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 5, May 1985, Pages 304–318, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.5.304 Published: 01 May 1985