tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deaths Due to Cigarette Smoking for 12 Smoking-Related Cancers in the United States
Authors: Rebecca L. Siegel, Eric J. Jacobs, Christina C. Newton, Diane Feskanich, Neal D. Freedman, Ross L. Prentice, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

This study estimated the number of deaths attributable to cigarette smoking for 12 smoking-related cancers and found that continued progress in reducing cancer mortality requires more comprehensive tobacco control.
How to do it: Get your book published
Authors: M. Banks
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The BMJ Publishing Group is continually bombarded with book proposals, most of which are inappropriate for us and probably for any other publisher. The purpose of my article is to help potential authors prepare a book proposal, thereby increasing their chance of being published and reducing the number of non-viable suggestions received by publishers. The information is intended for those planning a book for the first time. Some of the information about book publishing is discouraging—this is not meant to deter but to forearm.

Although getting a book accepted for publication may be difficult, it is not hopeless. The printed word is still the most powerful form of communication, and book publishing shows no sign of disappearing despite the electronic revolution. On the contrary, anecdotal evidence suggests that these two media are complementary. Thus, although publishers may be inundated with proposals for new books and seem cautious about accepting them, they are always looking for the real gems—the original ideas that will translate into bestsellers.

#### Summary points

Determination is an essential quality for any potential author

A book proposal needs to be well crafted and researched

Suitable publishers should be approached

Book publishing is a business not a profession

Some facts about the book publishing industry may help to remove misunderstandings about publishers' motives and help potential authors plan their attack.

>Book publishing is not a profession, it is a trade —Publishing “houses” (few, if any, still reside in those gracious houses in Bloomsbury) are in it for profit. Many book publishers are divisions of large public, often multinational, companies who are beholden to their shareholders. Book publishing may be the poor relation, turning in small profits or even large losses. Small independent publishers may seem less fettered and more likely to move swiftly on publishing decisions, but they do not have …
Why Is JASN So Big?
Authors: WILLIAM G. COUSER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

If you have reached this page, you have doubtless noticed that the November JASN is almost twice the size of the usual monthly issue. The reason is that we are publishing 125 more pages, or 13 more articles, than usual in this issue. We will continue to do so in December, January, and February, before returning to our normal size in March of 2002. The reasons are as follows. JASN serves two constituencies in our Society. First, our readers want the best of renal research and clinical material “hot off the press.” Second, our authors have chosen JASN as the journal in which to publish their work, but in the highly competitive world of modern science they need to get their results into print in the shortest possible time. At the present time, we are not satisfied with our service to either of these constituencies because we have developed an excessive delay from acceptance to publication. This occurs when a steadily increasing number of high-quality submissions collides with a contracted page limit and a commitment to maintaining our acceptance rate around 25%. Thus JASN has in hand more high-quality papers than we have space available to publish them in normal-sized issues in 2001. Therefore, to avoid further delay in the publication of these papers or perpetuating the problem into 2002, the editorial team, the ASN Publications Committee, and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins have jointly agreed to publish an additional 500 to 600 pages over the next four issues to fulfill our 2001 commitments. This will leave 2002 fully open for papers selected by the new editors. As this temporary lump moves through JASN's normally more slender body, please be patient and consider our increased content as a bonus for both authors and readers. We will return to our normal svelte size by March of 2002.
Role of Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Suspected Sacroiliac Joint Disease
Authors: H E Fewins, G H Whitehouse, R C Bucknall
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

Computed tomography (CT) was compared with plain radiography in 41 examinations of selected patients with a clinical history suggestive of sacroiliac joint disease. The obliquity of the sacroiliac joints renders radiographic interpretation difficult. In the 41 cases who were examined with standard anteroposterior and posteroanterior radiographs of the sacroiliac joints, four were normal, eight abnormal and 29 were equivocal. Equivocal findings included indistinct and possibly irregular articular margins to the joints and subarticular sclerosis. Of the 29 equivocal studies, nine were normal on CT and 20 were abnormal. CT demonstrated definite changes of sacroiliac joint disease in 29 of the 41 examinations, 16 of which were sacroiliitis and 13 osteoarthritis. With plain radiography four of the eight abnormal studies were consistent with sacroiliitis, and four with osteoarthritis. It is concluded that CT is more sensitive than plain radiography in the evaluation of sacroiliac joint disease, and is especially valuable when there are equivocal plain radiographs.
Increasing exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with heart failure through Wii gaming: the rationale, design and methodology of the HF‐Wii study; a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tiny Jaarsma, Leonie Klompstra, Tuvia Ben Gal, Josiane Boyne, Ercole Vellone, Maria Bäck, Kenneth Dickstein, Bengt Fridlund, Arno Hoes, Massimo F. Piepoli, Oronzo Chialà, Jan Mårtensson, Anna Strömberg
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)

Exercise is known to be beneficial for patients with heart failure (HF), and these patients should therefore be routinely advised to exercise and to be or to become physically active. Despite the beneficial effects of exercise such as improved functional capacity and favourable clinical outcomes, the level of daily physical activity in most patients with HF is low. Exergaming may be a promising new approach to increase the physical activity of patients with HF at home. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the structured introduction and access to a Wii game computer in patients with HF to improve exercise capacity and level of daily physical activity, to decrease healthcare resource use, and to improve self-care and health-related quality of life.A multicentre randomized controlled study with two treatment groups will include 600 patients with HF. In each centre, patients will be randomized to either motivational support only (control) or structured access to a Wii game computer (Wii). Patients in the control group will receive advice on physical activity and will be contacted by four telephone calls. Patients in the Wii group also will receive advice on physical activity along with a Wii game computer, with instructions and training. The primary endpoint will be exercise capacity at 3 months as measured by the 6 min walk test. Secondary endpoints include exercise capacity at 6 and 12 months, level of daily physical activity, muscle function, health-related quality of life, and hospitalization or death during the 12 months follow-up.The HF-Wii study is a randomized study that will evaluate the effect of exergaming in patients with HF. The findings can be useful to healthcare professionals and improve our understanding of the potential role of exergaming in the treatment and management of patients with HF.NCT01785121.
Numb Clumsy Hands May Indicate a Surgically Treatable Cause of Myelopathy in the Elderly
Authors: M C Pitt, P S Monro, D Uttley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

Describes a case which the patient was initially felt to have carpal tunnel syndrome but normal neurophysiological findings and was found to have a benign tumour high in the spinal canal
Adverse effects of spinal manipulation
Authors: Ailsa J Barrett, Alan C Breen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2000)

Guidelines on acute back pain recommend spinal manipulation, but some commentators express concern that the adverse effects are under-reported. Eleven chiropractors distributed questionnaires to 108 consecutive new patients aged > 18 years, enquiring about adverse effects one hour, one day and two days after spinal manipulation. The forms were to be completed anonymously. 80 questionnaires (74%) were returned, 68 suitable for analysis. 28 patients reported adverse effects at one hour after treatment, the most common of which were extra pain (14) and radiating pain (9). 8 had reactions beginning the morning after. No serious adverse effects were reported. The adverse reactions, recorded in 53% of respondents, are those to be expected from a treatment that entails initial discomfort. They need to be set against the long-term benefits of spinal manipulation.
Survival in patients with lung cancer, with and without self reported cardiovascular disease the HUNT study
Authors: Tore Amundsen, Peter Hatlen, Tom Marius Hummel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Both cardio vascular diseases (CVD) and lung cancer are associated with chronic inflammation. It is known that chronic inflammation is associated with increased cell turnover, angio-neogenesis and apotosis. The aim of our study was to investigate whether CVD is associated with a shorter survival in patients with lung cancer  Method: We analyzed data from a large cohort study, the Nord-Trondelag Health study (1986 to 2008). A total of 97,087 persons (52% women) with 1,634,967 persons years were included in the study. To estimate the survival the Cox regression model was used with smoking status (never, former, current), histology (NSCLC/SCLC), stage of the disease (localized/advanced), Body mass index (BMI), sex and age at diagnosis as confounders.  Results: In total we found 1191 (1.2%) cases of lung cancer, 15% of them with CVD in the whole study population. The median overall survival for those without CVD was 6 months vs. 3 months for the patients with CVD (log rank l0.001). CVD vs non-CVD HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74, p 0.028. Also age at diagnosis, histology and stage were associated with survival. Patients with lung cancer who died, died in 90 % of lung cancer related mortality.  Conclusion: Patients with lung cancer and CVD have a shorter survival compared to those without CVD and lung cancer.
The results of surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis of lungs and pleura and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yaroslav Voloshyn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  Study results of surgical treatment of patients with tuberculosis of lungs and pleura and diabetes mellitus.   Methods:  Two groups: main - 301 patients, control – 298.  301 patients were treated in the thoracic department of the institute chemotherapy course (4-12 months and longer) revealed to be ineffective before reaching the clinic, tuberculosis progressed and complicated diabetes mellitus course and vise verse. Men were 191 (63.45%), women – 110 (36.55%), aged 12-70 years. Had severe form of 1st type of diabetes mellitus - 64.45%. The state of patients was unsatisfactory with signs of intoxication and disseminative process in langs.  Micobacterial tuberculosis resistant was in 65.21%.  Fibrocavernous tuberculosis 40.19%, tuberculoma - 37,20%, caseous pneumonia – 4,98% were the indications to operation.   Results:  After preparation with endotracheal anesthesia 301 patients was operated: segmentectomy - 38.53%, precise extraction of underpleuralae tuberculoma (authors method) – 8.97%, lobectomy – 20.6%, bilobectomy – 1.99%, combinated resection – 3.32%, pneumonectomy – 15.61%.  Morphologic: high activity of tuberculosis - 85.71%. Dietinsulin therapy, chemotherapy, electrophoresis with 6% solution of sodium salicilate and heparin, curative blockades worked out by author were conducted. Complications - 11,62-28,9%, lethality - 11 (5,5%), clinical effect –96.35%, in more distant period (1-20 years), full effect – 89.81%, beter diabetes mellitus - 83,79%. Control group: clinical effect –99.33%, lethality – 0.67%, full effect - 97.20%.   Conclusion:  Timely application of surgical techniques with new methods, preparation and introduction operations helps to achieve a high effect.
Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Relapsing or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Phase 3b Randomised Study (ICELAND)
Authors: Claude Schulman, Erik Cornel, Vsevolod Matveev, Teuvo L. Tammela, Jan Schraml, Henri Bensadoun, Wolfgang Warnack, Raj Persad, Marek Salagierski, Francisco Gómez Veiga, Edwina Baskin-Bey, Beatriz López, Bertrand Tombal
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) has received increasing attention; however, the current literature is still limited, especially in nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and the relative efficacy and safety benefits of IAD versus continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) remain unclear. To add to the knowledge base regarding efficacy and potential benefits, including reduced side effects and improved quality of life (QoL), of IAD versus CAD in patients with nonmetastatic relapsing or locally advanced PCa. A 42-mo phase 3b open-label randomised study in 933 patients from 20 European countries. Following a 6-mo induction with leuprorelin acetate (Eligard) 22.5 mg 3-mo depot, patients were randomised to CAD or IAD with leuprorelin for 36 mo. The primary end point was time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression while receiving luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist, defined as three consecutive increasing PSA values ≥4 ng/ml ≥2 wk apart. Secondary end points included PSA progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), testosterone levels, performance status, and QoL. A total of 933 patients entered the induction phase; 701 were randomised. The median number of injections administered after randomisation was 12 (range: 1−12) for the CAD group and 3 (range: 1–10) for the IAD group. There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences between the groups for time to PSA progression, PSA PFS, OS, mean PSA levels over time, or QoL. A similar number of adverse events was observed in each group; the most common were hot flushes and hypertension. Study limitations include the open-label design and absence of formal testosterone recovery assessment. IAD and CAD demonstrated similar efficacy, tolerability, and QoL in men with nonmetastatic PCa. The principal benefit of IAD compared with CAD is a potential cost reduction with comparable OS rates. There are no apparent QoL benefits. This randomised trial showed that both intermittent and continuous hormone therapy had similar efficacy, tolerability, and quality-of-life profiles in patients with relapsing M0 or locally advanced prostate cancer. Intermittent therapy may be a valid option for selected patients. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00378690.
Association of childhood asthma and fungal taxa in environmental dust samples
Authors: Susanne Rompa, Tobias Janke, Karin Schwaiger, Melanie Mayer, Johann Bauer, Jon Genuneit, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Elisabeth Horak, Andrzej Boznanski, Erika Von Mutius, Markus Ege
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We have previously found an inverse association of childhood asthma and fungal diversity by classical culturing (Ege et al. NEJM 2011;364:701-9), which covers only a small minority of taxa.  The aim of the present analysis was to include also non-cultivable fungi by a molecular technique. For this purpose we applied single strand conformation polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of fungi (Janke et al. Curr Microbiol 2013;67:156-69).  We used data from the GABRIELA study and analysed mattress dust samples from 844 Bavarian children age 6-10 years. DNA was extracted from dust samples, and the fungus-specific ITS region was amplified by PCR. The amplicons were subjected to non-denaturing gel-electrophoresis, and the resulting band patterns were digitized and normalized. We applied a factor analysis for the identification of the relevant gel positions and explored associations with a lifetime physician9s diagnosis of asthma by multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.  We identified 7 out of 134 positions that were significantly associated with asthma, 2 in a positive and 5 in an inverse direction. One position, inversely correlated to asthma (aOR=0.81 [0.66-0.99], p=0.041), contained the DNA-sequences of the fungal species  Exophiala  sp ., Penicillium  sp ., Glyphium elatum, Aureobasidium pullulans,  and  Phialophora europaea . The other positions could not yet be referred to specific species.  Though moulds particularly in the context of dampness are well-known asthma risk factors, distinct fungal taxa might exert beneficial effects on respiratory health. The mechanisms have to be addressed in experimental settings.
Carcinogenicity of Substituted-Benzenediamines (Phenylenediamines) in Rats and Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M Sontag
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Carcinogenicity of Substituted-Benzenediamines (Phenylenediamines) in Rats and Mice Get access James M. Sontag, Ph.D. James M. Sontag, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 3, March 1981, Pages 591–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.3.591 Published: 01 March 1981 Article history Received: 24 July 1980 Accepted: 03 October 1980 Published: 01 March 1981
Conventional-dose salvage combination chemotherapy in patients relapsing with Hodgkin's disease after combination chemotherapy: the low probability for cure.
Authors: D L Longo, P L Duffey, R C Young, S M Hubbard, D C Ihde, E Glatstein, J C Phares, E S Jaffe, W J Urba, V T DeVita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The study was undertaken to evaluate clinical prognostic factors, probability of response to therapy, duration of response, and overall survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease relapsing from a chemotherapy-induced complete remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study population comprised 107 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with combination chemotherapy at the National Cancer Institute who relapsed after achieving a complete remission. RESULTS Half of the relapses occurred within the first year of achieving complete remission; among patients in remission 5 years or longer, only 4% relapsed. The overall survival of the relapsed patients is projected to be 17% at 20 years, calculated from the date of relapse. Primary treatment regimen, presence of B symptoms, stage, sex, liver involvement, pleural involvement, marrow involvement, and histologic subtype did not affect the survival of relapsed patients. Only age at diagnosis (older or younger than 30 years) and length of initial remission (shorter or longer than 1 year) made a significant impact on survival. Patients whose initial remission was longer than 1 year had significantly higher complete response rates to salvage therapy, significantly more durable second remissions, and significantly longer survival than patients whose initial remission was shorter than 1 year. Survival beyond 11 years from relapse of patients with long initial remissions was 24%; for those with short initial remissions, 11% (P2 = .027). Despite the fact that with salvage therapy, patients with long initial remission had an 85% complete response rate to mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) with a disease-free survival of 45% at 20 years, acute leukemia and other treatment-related complications combined to lower the survival rate of this more favorable subset. CONCLUSIONS These data with conventional-dose salvage therapy provide results for comparison with novel salvage approaches including myeloablative therapy with autologous marrow or peripheral-blood stem-cell support.
Evaluation of the Effects of Cotinine and Nicotine-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;′-oxides on the Development of Tumors in Rats Initiated With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E J LaVoie, A Shigematsu, A Rivenson, B Mu, D Hoffmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The effects of cotinine and nicotine-N'-oxides on tumor development in F344 rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide [(FANFT) CAS: 24554-26-5] were evaluated. When rats were 6 weeks old, FANFT in an agar diet was administered for a 6-week period. Subsequently, cotinine, trans-nicotine-N'-oxide, and a mixture of cis-nicotine-N'-oxide and trans-nicotine-N'-oxide in drinking water were given as promoters in concentrations of 0.1, 0.02, and 0.02%, respectively. These nicotine metabolites were offered ad libitum for 78 weeks. Control groups consisted of rats that received tap water with or without prior administration of FANFT. Cotinine, trans-nicotine-N'-oxide, and the mixture of cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides were neither carcinogens nor promoters of urinary bladder tumors in rats initiated with FANFT. A reduced incidence of urinary bladder tumors was observed in FANFT-pretreated animals that also received a mixture of cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides. FANFT administration increased the incidences of mesothelioma of the peritoneum and thyroid tumors. Tumor formation in the tongue and palate observed in FANFT-treated rats was not affected by administration of these nicotine metabolites. There was, however, a significant increase in the incidence of forestomach tumors in rats that were initiated with FANFT and subsequently received either trans-nicotine-N'-oxide or a mixture of cis- and trans-nicotine-N'-oxides.
Primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder: drugs and implications
Authors: Joachim C. Burbiel
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Because posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly debilitating condition, prevention is an important research topic. This article reviews possible prevention approaches that involve the administration of drugs before the traumatic event takes place. The considered approaches include drugs that address the sympathetic nervous system, drugs that interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, narcotics and other psychoactive drugs, as well as modulators of protein synthesis. Furthermore, some thoughts on potential ethical implications of the use of drugs for the primary prevention of PTDS are presented. While there are many barriers to overcome in this field of study, this paper concludes with a call for additional research, as there are currently no approaches that are well-suited for regular use.
Combination 5-fluorouracil (FU), folinic acid (FA), and α-interferon 2B in advanced gastric cancer: Results of a phase II trial
Authors: E. Jäger, H. Bernhard, O. Klein, B. Wächter, F. Theiss, W. Dippold, K.-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde, A. Knuth
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
Prevalence of drug resistance and newly recognised treatment-related substitutions in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease genes from HIV-positive patients naïve for anti-retrovirals
Authors: C. Torti, L. Bono, F. Gargiulo, M.C. Uccelli, E. Quiros-Roldan, A. Patroni, G. Paraninfo, V. Tirelli, N. Manca, M.A. De Francesco, F. Perandin, G. Carosi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)