tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spinal tuberculosis in South London Hospital – A 5 year review of our experience
Authors: Deepak Sakaram Rao, Richard Hopkins, Billy L.K. Wong, Elena Karampini, Bassey Asuquo, Thomas C. Stokes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in southeast London has risen by 25% over the last 10 years and is 4 times greater than the national average. Extra pulmonary involvement is seen in 47% and spinal TB accounts for 2-3%. Diagnosis of spinal TB can be delayed due to nonspecific nature of symptoms. This study evaluates our experience of managing spinal TB at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Woolwich, UK.

Aim: Determine the local incidence of spinal TB at Woolwich.

Analyse delays in referral and diagnosis of spinal TB.

Methods: A retrospective case note review of recorded data was performed of all the spinal TB patients referred to QEH over 5 years (Jan 2006- 2011). 27 of total 33 patients had case notes available for review. Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years (range 29-78 years). 88% of patients presented with back pain, with or without neurological compromise.

The overall incidence of spinal TB was 5.6% (national average 2-3%).

The mean delay was 81 days (3-439) from onset of symptoms to first presentation and 99 days (3-552) from onset of symptoms to referral. There was an average delay of 33 days (12-303) from initiation of referral to diagnosis.

47% had confirmed histological diagnosis with culture.15% had paravertebral abscesses with no bony involvement seen on imaging.

Combination chemotherapy was the main modality of treatment. 24 (88%) patients were managed with combination chemotherapy alone.

Further details into the delays and consequences were looked into.

Conclusion: This study highlights fact that awareness of demographic and local incidence, together with high index of clinical suspicion in areas with relatively high incidence would facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of spinal TB.
Genetic Linkage of Prostate Cancer Risk to the Chromosome 3 Region Bearing <i>FHIT</i>
Authors: Garry P. Larson, Yan Ding, Li S-C. Cheng, Cathryn Lundberg, Virgil Gagalang, Guillermo Rivas, Louis Geller, Jeffrey Weitzel, Deborah MacDonald, John Archambeau, Jerry Slater, Donna Neuberg, Mary B. Daly, Irene Angel, Al B. Benson, Kimberly Smith, John M. Kirkwood, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Barbara Raskay, Rebecca Sutphen, Rosalind Drew, James A. Stewart, Jae Werndli, David Johnson, John C. Ruckdeschel, Robert C. Elston, Theodore G. Krontiris
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

We conducted linkage analysis of 80 candidate genes in 201 brother pairs affected with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Markers representing two adjacent candidate genes on chromosome 3p, CDC25A and FHIT, showed suggestive evidence for linkage with single-point identity-by-descent allele-sharing statistics. Fine-structure multipoint linkage analysis yielded a maximum LOD score of 3.17 (P = 0.00007) at D3S1234 within FHIT intron 5. For a subgroup of 38 families in which three or more affected brothers were reported, the LOD score was 3.83 (P = 0.00001). Further analysis reported herein suggested a recessive mode of inheritance. Association testing of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning a 381-kb interval surrounding D3S1234 in 202 cases of European descent with 143 matched, unrelated controls revealed significant evidence for association between case status and the A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs760317, located within intron 5 of FHIT (Pearson's chi(2) = 8.54, df = 1, P = 0.0035). Our results strongly suggest involvement of germline variations of FHIT in prostate cancer risk.
Cancer Prevention in Primary Care: Screening and self examination for breast cancer
Authors: J Austoker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Breast cancer is the major form of cancer in women, with nearly 30,000 new cases and over 15,000 deaths in the United Kingdom each year. Breast screening by mammography has been shown in randomised trials to reduce mortality from breast cancer in women aged 50 and over. An NHS breast screening programme has been in operation in the United Kingdom since 1988. Its aim is to reduce mortality from breast cancer by 25% in the population of women invited to be screened. The uptake of mammography among the eligible population may be the single most important determinant if the programme is to be effective. Primary care teams have an important part to play in encouraging women to attend for screening and in providing information, advice, and reassurance at all stages of the screening process. To date, routine breast self examination has not been shown to be an effective method of screening for breast cancer and should not therefore be promoted as a primary screening procedure. There is, however, a case to be made for women to become more "breast aware."
Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib, dasatinib, and imatinib) on blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in general clinical practice.
Authors: N. M. Agostino, V. M. Chinchilli, A. M. Koszyk-Szewczyk, R. Gingrich, J. M. Sivik, J. J. Drabick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4623 Background: Tyrosine kinase is a key enzyme activity utilized in many intracellular messaging pathways. TKIs have proven to be very successful in the treatment of a wide variety of malignant diseases including chronic myeloid leukemia, renal cell carcinoma and gastrointenstinal stromal tumor. Scattered reports have suggested that these agents appear to affect blood glucose levels. Methods: We therefore studied the blood glucose (BG) concentrations on clinic blood samples before, during and after TKI therapy retrospectively in both diabetic (19) (all type II diabetes) and non-diabetic (82) patients treated with dasatinib (8), imatinib (39), sorafenib (23) and sunitinib (30) in general clinical practice. Samples were mixed but most were daytime non-fasting. Results: All of the agents depressed the BG in a reversible statistically significant fashion. Mean declines were: dasatinib – 53 mg/dl (p <.001), imatinib – 9 mg/dl (p = 0.03), sorafenib – 12 mg/dl (p < .001) and sunitinib -14 mg/dl (p < .001). Diabetic patients required some modifications of their medications including cessation of insulin or other hypoglycemic agents. In fact, 8/19 (42%) of the diabetic patients were able to discontinue all hypoglycemic agents including insulin. One diabetic patient developed symptomatic hypoglycemia on sunitinib. Conclusions: The mechanism for the hypoglycemic effect of these drugs is unclear, but of the four agents tested, c-kit and PDGFRβ are common targets for all 4. Clinicians should keep the potential hypoglycemic effects of these agents in mind, particularly in diabetics; modification of hypoglycemic agents may be required. These results also suggest that inhibition of a tyrosine kinase, be it c-kit, PDGFRβ or some other undefined kinase target, may improve gylcemic control in type II diabetes mellitus and deserves further study as a potential therapeutic option. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 5662: Comparative Ablation Analysis in a Swine Intracardiac Model: Lesion Effectiveness of Ablation Within the Therapeutic Range of 2 Irrigated, One Non-irrigated and one Cryoablation Catheter
Authors: Robert Robichaux, Liane Teplitsky, Heath B Carter, Michael Blackstone, Derek Dosdall, Jose Osorio, Cheryl Killingsworth, H. T McElderry
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Lesion characteristics including size and transmurality are important factors in the creation of conduction block with respect to catheter ablation. The energy required to create safe and effective lesions may vary from one ablation system to another. Understanding the differences in this energy requirement could allow the operator to titrate the appropriate therapy with each system - generating successful outcomes while minimizing complications. Twenty-two swine underwent an acute ablation procedure whereby 4 lesions were placed with a different catheter in each of the following areas: the left atrium (LA), along the cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CVI) and in right atrial tissue (RA). Four ablation catheters were studied: an 8mm cryoablation catheter, an 8mm standard RF catheter, a 2.5mm insulated open irrigated catheter, and a 3.5mm open irrigated RF catheter. Energy was applied for 30s with the RF catheters and 120sec with cryo, within the therapeutic range for that catheter. Lesion size, RF/Cryo characteristics, popping and other adverse events were recorded. One hundred sixty-three lesions were analyzed. There was no statistical difference between the lesion volumes created by each catheter. The lesion characteristics of the catheters are shown in Table 1 . Transmurality ranged from 75–90% with a trend toward greater transmurality with the 2.5mm irrigated catheter group. There was no evidence of tissue popping or other adverse events. These catheters when used within the therapeutic range on average created similar volume lesions but with wide variation. Cryoablation tended to create the largest lesions but was less likely to be transmural, while the 2.5mm catheter was most likely to deliver transmural lesions. Catheter comparison
Abstract 20381: Recurrent Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Treated Medically
Authors: Toufik Mahfood Haddad, Ahmed S Abuzaid, Mahesh Anantha Narayanan, Mark J Holmberg
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Diffuse multi-vessel coronary artery dissection is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: 57 year old Caucasian female with history of non ST segment elevation MI due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection, presented with substernal chest pain. Electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed nonspecific ST-T wave changes. Peak troponin was 7.63 ng/ml. Contrast Echocardiogram revealed mild infero-lateral wall motion abnormality with preserved ejection fraction. A coronary angiogram showed 90% stenosis of distal left circumflex with retained dye highly suspicious for dissection. Her left anterior descending coronary artery, which showed dissections in the past, and was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months, looked completely normal.

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She was started on aspirin and clopidogrel as before without angioplasty. Her troponin levels steadily declined during follow up and she was asymptomatic thereafter.

Discussion: SCAD is a vessel wall lesion that presents in the absence of iatrogenic, non- coronary or traumatic causes. There is no consensus on the treatment strategy and management should be based on endovascular imaging, degree of flow in the distal vessel and the clinical scenario. In case of a single vessel dissection with normal distal flow, dual anti platelet therapy has shown remarkable angiographic resolution after few months.

Conclusion: Our patient had repeated SCAD involving multiple coronaries and she benefited medical therapy. Future prospective multicenter studies are needed to achieve a consensus on the best treatment strategy for SCAD.

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SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MENINGOCOCCIC INFECTION
Authors: F. Dennette Adams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Article1 January 1944SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MENINGOCOCCIC INFECTIONF. DENNETTE ADAMS, M.D., F.A.C.P.F. DENNETTE ADAMS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-1-33 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe purpose of this paper is to call attention to some of the less known or frequently forgotten manifestations of meningococcic infection. Those of us who, as a rule, see only one or two cases of this disease a year, are accustomed to think of meningococcic infection in terms of the textbook picture of acute cerebrospinal meningitis, with fever, perhaps a chill at onset, severe headache, rigidity of the neck and positive Kernig's and Brudzinskis signs. We are aware that a rash may be observed in some instances. Such, indeed, was my own impression prior to joining the Army. Since... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: M.C. A.U.S. Atlanta, Georgia*Read at the Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Columbus, Ohio, May 14, 1943. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMENINGOCOCCAL ARTHRITIS IN CHILDRENMeningococcal arthritis 1 January 1944Volume 20, Issue 1Page: 33-40KeywordsFeversHeadachesInfectious diseasesMeningitisMeningococcal diseaseRashes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1944 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P1-07-06: Activation of oncogenic pathways by mitochondrial reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Jun Hyoung Park, Santhosh Kumar, Sajna Vithayathil, Kavisha Arora, Nagireddy Putluri, Efrosini Tsouko, Taraka R Donti, Daniel E Frigo, Chad J Creighton, Michael T Lewis, Arun Sreekumar, Lee-Jun Wong, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TN BCa) Driver pathway is still poorly understood. Thus, it is important to identify the underlying mechanisms of triple negative breast cancer progression. Mitochondria, a semiautonomous organelle in cells, play an important role in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria-nuclear crosstalk is a bidirectional pathway of communication between mitochondria and nucleus that influences many cellular and organismal activities. This crosstalk can regulate several oncogenic pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Using transmitochondrial cybrid (cybrid) technology, we generated different cybrid models under common nuclear background of TN BCa. Mitochondria from cells of different cancer potential including benign breast epithelium, moderately and highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines were used to understand cancer mitochondria regulated tumor pathways. Tumor and gene expression analysis suggested that among different cancer pathways, c-Src signaling pathway is one of the most consistently activated pathways in cybrids with TN BCa cancer mitochondria. Further analysis in parental cells and other tumor models suggested that autophosphorylation of c-Src is regulated by mitochondrial tumor characteristics. Our preliminary analysis also suggest that mitochondria targeted drugs are promising combination therapy for the management of Src-driven TN BCa. This finding is particularly important while considering the poor response rate observed after single drug therapy with Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib in unselected TN BCa patients. Citation Format: Jun Hyoung Park, Santhosh Kumar, Sajna Vithayathil, Kavisha Arora, Nagireddy Putluri, Efrosini Tsouko, Taraka R Donti, Daniel E Frigo, Chad J Creighton, Michael T Lewis, Arun Sreekumar, Lee-Jun Wong, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu. Activation of oncogenic pathways by mitochondrial reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-06.
Abstract 3282: Induction and characterization of cyclopamine resistance in SK-N-DZ neuroblastoma and DAOY medulloblastoma cell lines
Authors: Javier de la Rosa, Amaia Paredes, Javier Asensio-Salazar, Xing Fan, Bárbara Meléndez, Juan A. Rey, Javier S. Castresana
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma are malignant solid tumors of childhood and early adolescence, that often reappear after clinical treatment due of an acquired chemo-resistance. These tumors present an increased expression of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. In the last years, inhibitors of this pathway, such as cyclopamine are being studied as a possible alternative to current treatment. In this research, we aim at analyzing the appearance and characteristics of resistance derived from the treatment with mutation-selective concentrations of cyclopamine. The aim of this study is the design of different ways to bypass the resistance generated by the tumor once its biology is completely understood. Cells were exposed to several treatment cycles. A 24 h cyclopamine exposure was performed when cell culture reached 60-70% confluence. Basal half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 10 μM. Hence, SK-N-DZ cells received 5 treatment cycles of cyclopamine at 12 μM dissolved in DMSO; whereas Daoy cells received 5 treatment cycles of cyclopamine at 10 μM. The control group only received the diluent. Anchorage-independent growth assays (in soft agar), clonogenicity assays, cell migration scratch (wound-healing) assays, and relative mRNA expression were studied during cycles 1-5. During the first 5 treatment cycles, mRNA expression of SMO remained constant. CD15 expression decreased. MYCN, Gli and expression showed an increasing trend. Decrease in the pro-apoptotic status was also described. Soft agar showed an increase tendency in relative colony formation capacity. No statistical differences were found in the clonogenicity assays for the SK-ND-Z cells. The results highlighted the evidence that cells became resistant because they were able to grow in soft agar without attachment, to migrate and to overexpress genes related to cancer stem cells. Results shown are congruent with a resistance generation possibly owing to multidrug efflux pumps. However, more clear results would be seen with 48 h treatment. Further analysis based on this work could include 48 h treatment, water-dissolvable cyclopamine performance study, a more complete gene analysis, or studies with other neurological tumors. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Javier de la Rosa, Amaia Paredes, Javier Asensio-Salazar, Xing Fan, Bárbara Meléndez, Juan A. Rey, Javier S. Castresana. Induction and characterization of cyclopamine resistance in SK-N-DZ neuroblastoma and DAOY medulloblastoma cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3282. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3282
Investigation of Dysphagia After Antireflux Surgery by High-resolution Manometry: Impact of Multiple Water Swallows and a Solid Test Meal on Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Yu Tien Wang, Ling Fung Tai, Etsuro Yazaki, Jafar Jafari, Rami Sweis, Emily Tucker, Kevin Knowles, Jeff Wright, Saqib Ahmad, Madhavi Kasi, Katharine Hamlett, Mark R. Fox, Daniel Sifrim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Recovery of Echocardiographic Function in Children With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Melanie D. Everitt, Lynn A. Sleeper, Minmin Lu, Charles E. Canter, Elfriede Pahl, James D. Wilkinson, Linda J. Addonizio, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Joseph Rossano, Rakesh K. Singh, Jacqueline Lamour, Steven A. Webber, Steven D. Colan, Renee Margossian, Paul F. Kantor, John L. Jefferies, Steven E. Lipshultz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 3080: Comparison of CellSearch with polymeric microfluidic devices for CTC isolation using EpCAM-negative tumor cell lines of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Yasuhiro Chikaishi, Tomoko So, Masaru Takenaka, Soichi Oka, Ayako Hirai, Takashi Iwanami, Hidehiko Shimokawa, Kazue Yoneda, Yoshika Nagata, Hidetaka Uramoto, Takeshi Ohnaga, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background. The CellSearch system is the most commonly used technique approved by the FDA to isolate and quantify circulation tumor cells (CTCs). However, in this system, the efficiency of CTC isolation is influenced by the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Therefore, it is difficult to isolate CTCs in the setting of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), malignant pleural mesothelioma and so on. We developed polymeric microfluidic devices for CTC isolation (CTC-chip) and compared the efficacy of CellSearch with CTC-chip using EpCAM-negative tumor cell lines of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the number of CTCs, we used PBS samples and peripheral blood samples (blood samples) collected from healthy donors to which spiking the tumor cell lines ACC-MESO1 and ACC-MESO4. Both tumor cell lines (obtained from ATCC) were derived from malignant pleural mesothelioma, positive for mesothelin and podoplanin and negative for EpCAM. The recovery rate was evaluated using two methods. CellSearch was performed according to the normal method, while CTC-chip was performed using a two coating pattern with anti-mesothelin antibody (chip1) and anti-podoplanin antibody (chip2). Results. In the PBS samples, the recovery rate of captured ACC-MESO1 was 8.6%/98%/99% (CellSearch/chip 1/chip 2), while those of ACC-MESO4 was 21.1%/97%/99%, respectively. In the blood samples, the recovery rate of captured ACC-MESO1 was 1.2%/6.2%/13.3% (CellSearch/chip 1/chip 2), while that of ACC-MESO4 was 6.0%/3.7%/11.6%, respectively. Conclusions. Our experiments showed that the recovery rate of each sample was higher using CTC-chip than that obtained with CellSearch. Moreover, CTC-chip coated anti-podoplanin antibody exhibited a higher recovery rate than coated anti-mesothelin antibody. Future studies using experiments of CTC isolation in cancer patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma are thus required. Citation Format: Yasuhiro Chikaishi, Tomoko So, Masaru Takenaka, Soichi Oka, Ayako Hirai, Takashi Iwanami, Hidehiko Shimokawa, Kazue Yoneda, Yoshika Nagata, Hidetaka Uramoto, Takeshi Ohnaga, Fumihiro Tanaka. Comparison of CellSearch with polymeric microfluidic devices for CTC isolation using EpCAM-negative tumor cell lines of malignant pleural mesothelioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3080. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3080
Changing Ethnic and Social Characteristics of Patients Admitted for Self-Poisoning in West London during 1971/2 and 1983/4
Authors: S P Lockhart, J H Baron
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

The characteristics of adult patients admitted for self-poisoning to an inner London district general hospital were examined during 1971/72 and 1983/84. The incidence of self-poisoning halved over the 12 years, from 326 to 178 per 100,000. Although no West Indians were admitted in the first period, they comprised 7% of such admissions 12 years later. The West Indian population in the catchment area remained constant at around 6%. Amongst all patients admitted for self-poisoning, there was a fall in the number of patients diagnosed as depressed, having a personality disorder or admitting to prior psychiatric care, but an increase in alcoholism. Paracetamol became more common as a drug used in self-poisoning and barbiturates were taken less often. Only one patient died in the series. These results should stimulate more soundly based epidemiological studies on ethnic variation in self-poisoning, and on self-injury in inner-city areas.
Psychological aspects of rheumatic diseases
Authors: L L Ng
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Psychological problems in rheumatic diseases are common and influence the maintenance of symptoms and management. The psychological and psychosocial aspect of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are briefly described. An approach to psychological management and the role of the psychiatrist in rheumatology are considered. In addition to appropriate and adequate treatment of concomitant psychological disorders with drugs, psychosocial interventions and the use of other forms of therapy such as self-help groups are also invaluable.