tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benign Slow Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: DALE R. STEMPLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Review of 203 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic tapes of 140 patients disclosed 32 patients with 66 episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. In contrast to classic sustained paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, these episodes were relatively slow and brief. The median duration was 7 beats and the mean rate 116 beats/min. All episodes were asymptomatic except for three prolonged paroxysms that produced mild palpitation. Sixty-eight percent (45/66) of these episodes occurred during sleep or sinus bradycardia. This was the most common paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia observed, and it occurred in patients with a wide variety of cardiac diagnoses. The majority of these episodes appear to arise from an atrial ectopic origin. We conclude that these brief slow atrial paroxysms represent a benign arrhythmia. This rhythm disturbance is present in as many as one quarter of cardiac patients undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. It should not be confused clinically with classic sustained paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Receptors for complement and immunoglobulin on human leukemic cells and human lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Ethan M. Shevach, Ronald Herberman, Michael M. Frank, Ira Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocyte can be identified by the presence of easily detectable surface immunoglobulin and a receptor for antigen-antibody-complement complexes (EAC'). Monocytes and macrophages also bear a receptor for EAC' and in addition possess a receptor for red cell-IgG complexes (EA). Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes bear neither of these receptors. The cells of 15 patients with leukemia and 19 human lymphoblastoid cell lines were examined for the presence of the EAC' and EA receptors. Of the human leukemias studied, only the cells from the patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) possess the EAC' receptor. The EA receptor could not be demonstrated on CLL cells; hence, CLL cells bear the lymphocyte EAC' receptor and by this criteria represent B lymphocytes. 12/19 of the cell lines studied could be classified as B lymphocytes by the presence of the EAC' receptor and absence of the EA receptor. 2/19 cell lines possessed both the EAC' and EA receptors and thus resemble the monocyte. 5/19 cell lines had no detectable receptor for EAC' or EA. The approach presented in this study for the classification of leukemias and cell lines as to their B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, or monocyte origin may have useful diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Spontaneous loss of HBeAg and the prevalence of HTLV-III/LAV infection in a cohort of homosexual hepatitis B virus carriers and the implications for antiviral therapy
Authors: I.V.D. Weller, A. Brown, B. Morgan, A. Hawkins, M. Briggs, J. Waite, C.H. Cameron, R. Tedder
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
Hormonal Regulation of Apoptosis An Ovarian Perspective
Authors: Sheau Yu Hsu, Aaron J.W Hsueh
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1997)

Using the ovary as a model system for studying the hormonal regulation of apoptosis, recent studies have revealed that the survival of growing follicles is under the regulation of a complex array of hormones through endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, or juxtacrine mechanism in a development-dependent manner. More effort is needed, however, to identify tissue-specific factors required for the survival of ovarian somatic and germ cells at specific stage of development. New insights based on characterization of conserved apoptotic effectors, both extracellular and intracellular, have suggested that apoptosis in ovarian cells may be mediated by apoptotic programs common to other cells but using specific members of the death domain proteins as well as ced-9/Bcl-2 and ced-3/ICE caspase families of genes. Future studies may provide new therapeutic modalities for different ovarian diseases caused by aberrant regulation of apoptosis in ovarian cells, including premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovarian syndrome. (Trends Endocrinol Metab 1997;8:207-213). (c) 1997, Elsevier Science Inc.
Hemochromatosis and Coronary Artery Disease-Reply
Authors: Grover M. Hutchins
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Sullivan raises the possibility that the small number of autopsy cases (n=41) with iron overload states (eg, hemochromatosis and multiorgan hemosiderosis) included in our study underestimates the degree of CAD because of the lower prevalence found at autopsy compared with the population at large. Sullivan believes that because hemochromatosis may be difficult to diagnose clinically, more cases of this disorder should have been identified at autopsy. Fortunately, hemochromatosis and multiorgan hemosiderosis are easily diagnosed at autopsy, and diagnostic criteria have not changed during the past 100 years. Of the 47961 autopsies performed from May 1889 to October 1992, there were approximately 200 subjects with systemic iron deposition. After excluding subjects less than 18 years old, those with transfusion-related hemochromatosis, and those with hemosiderosis identified in one organ (often a nonspecific finding), 41 cases met our stringent entry criteria. Histologic reexamination and confirmation of iron deposition within parenchymal
ABC of colorectal diseases. Colorectal neoplasia--III: Treatment and prevention.
Authors: P. F. Schofield, D. J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Right colonic cancerBowel removal by right hemicolectomy.A is anastomosed to B. Left colonic cancerProcedure for left hemicolectomy.A is anastomosed to B. * Hiatus hernia * Peptic ulcer * Piles and other minor anal disease * Colonic adenoma * Carcinoma of the colon High risk groups * People with a family history of familial polyposis * People with a strong family history of large bowel cancer * People with longstanding ulcerative colitis * People who have undergone
The Reaction of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Its Metabolites with Some Arylamines: Investigations of Product Mutagenicity.
Authors: WH Kalus, R Münzner, WG Filby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We examined t-butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ) and t-butylquinone (t-BuQ), two of the major microsomal metabolites of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), for their ability to react with the xenobiotic arylamines aniline and N-methylaniline. A number of substances were isolated by thin-layer chromatography. The main products were quantitatively evaluated and their structures assigned. BHA and t-BHQ yielded reaction products with anilines only in the presence of an oxidant such as iodate (KIO3). We used the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay to test the new compounds for mutagenic activity. The reaction products gave no evidence of mutagenicity in the S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with or without metabolic activation. In some instances the substituted quinone products are less toxic than t-BuQ alone.
Abstract P300: Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Abdominal Obesity in a Biracial Sample of Children
Authors: Deirdre M Harrington, Peter T Katzmarzyk
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Ideal Cardiovascular (CV) Health is an AHA 2020 Impact Goal but the degree to which it is related to adiposity in specific body depots is unknown. The aim was to investigate how Ideal C...
Prolactin and Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Francine Smithline, Lawrence Sherman, Howard D. Kolodny
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The recent findings regarding the possible relation of prolactin to human breast cancer are reviewed. Prolactin is a single-chain polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; it appears important to the development and growth of mammary tumors in mice and rats. Certain drugs (L-dopa, the ergot derivatives) inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary and lower its serum concentration. Chlorpromazine and other phenothiazines block the synthesis, release, or action of prolactin-inhibiting factors leading to increased prolactin secretion. The midcycle serum estrogen elevation does not increase serum prolactin but often high doses of estrogen will. Mammary tumors in mice and rats appear different from those in human, being of alveolar origin while human tumors are thought to be ductal. Also, rodent cancers do not usually metastasize, even when large. About 40% of human breast cancers respond to endocrine therapy while in Sprague-Dawley rats induced mammary tumors are 80% hormone responsive. In mice hyperplastic nodules but not mammary cancers respond to horomone deprivation. Prolactin is a key hormone in the stimulation of hyperplastic nodules in mice and mammary tumors in rats. The effects of progesterone on these growths is not clear. Serum prolactin levels normally vary throughout the day. Levels are not different in cancer patients but certain families with high cancer rates have been shown to have higher than normal serum levels. Although prolactin receptors have been identified in mouse and rat mammary tissue and tumors and prolactin responsiveness of the tumors correlated with the number of such receptors, these receptors have not been identified in human breast cancer cells. Patients have responded to L-dopa with relief of bone pain and a 50% decrease in serum prolactin. Suppressing atypical precancerous lesions by depriving them of their hormonal support offers the best chance for preventing eventual development of breast cancer. In vitro determination of the presence of prolactin receptors in human breast tumor tissue may allow accurate prediction of response to endocrine ablation. Variations in prolactin receptors may account for response differences of breast tumors to different doses of estrogen. Near-zero prolactin levels following hypophysectomy in some patients have been correlated with clinical remissions. Combinations of drugs to reduce serum prolactin levels or antagonize the hormones's effect on the breast may be needed to obtain results.
Alpha 2 macroglobulin state in acute pancreatitis. Raised values of alpha 2 macroglobulin-protease complexes in severe and mild attacks.
Authors: R E Banks, S W Evans, D Alexander, F Van Leuven, J T Whicher, M J McMahon
Journal: Gut (1991)

Plasma values of C reactive protein, alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2 macroglobulin, and complexed alpha 2 macroglobulin have been determined in serial samples from 27 patients with acute pancreatitis. Complexed alpha 2 macroglobulin was measured by a novel enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with a monoclonal antibody specific for the complexed form. Patients with severe illness had lower concentrations of total alpha 2 macroglobulin and higher concentrations of complexed alpha 2 macroglobulin than those with mild illness, and in the majority of severe attacks the abnormal amounts of complexed alpha 2 macroglobulin were present throughout the eight days of the study. The proportion of total alpha 2 macroglobulin in the uncomplexed form, however, was generally greater than 90%, and in 26% of the mild cases completely normal concentrations of uncomplexed alpha 2 macroglobulin (greater than 99% of total) were found throughout the eight days of the study. This suggests that exhaustion of alpha 2 macroglobulin in plasma is unlikely to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
New measures will ensure drugs suppliers put patients before profits
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Tough new measures aimed at ensuring that NHS patients have access to the medicines they need have been drawn up by the government in a bid to stop “unscrupulous traders” from exporting medicines meant for NHS patients to Europe for profit because of the cheaper pound.

Health minister Mike O’Brien said that the lower value of sterling had resulted in some medicines destined for NHS patients being sold abroad for extra profit by a few “unscrupulous speculators.”

“Some pharmacists have had trouble getting hold of certain drugs because of this. For months, I have …
Letter: Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.
Authors: W K Stewart, L W Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether reduced body-specific attention to a paretic limb is found in chronic stroke patients in a time-dependent manner. <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-one patients with chronic hemiparesis (10 left and 11 right hemiparesis) after subcortical stroke and 18 age-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Standard neuropsychological examinations showed no clear evidence of spatial neglect in any patient. In order to quantitatively measure spatial attention to the paretic hand, a visual detection task for detecting a target appearing on the surface of either a paretic or dummy hand was used. This task can measure the body facilitation effect, which makes faster detection of a target on the body compared with one far from the body. <h3>Results</h3> In stroke patients, there was no difference in the reaction time for a visual target between the paretic and the dummy hands, while the healthy participants showed faster detection for the visual target on the real hand than on the dummy one. The index of the body facilitation effect, subtracting the reaction time for the target-on-paretic hand from that for the target-on-dummy one, was correlated with the duration since onset and with finger function test on the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The reduction of the body facilitation effect in the paretic limb suggests the decline of body-specific attention to the paretic one in patients with chronic hemiparesis. This decline of body-specific attention, leading to neglect for the paretic limb, will be one of the most serious problems for rehabilitation based on use-dependent plasticity.
Difficulties in Testing for Covarion-Like Properties of Sequences under the Confounding Influence of Changing Proportions of Variable Sites
Authors: N. Gruenheit, P. J. Lockhart, M. Steel, W. Martin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The covarion (COV)-like properties of sequences are poorly described and their impact on phylogenetic analyses poorly understood. We demonstrate using simulations that, under an evolutionary model where the proportion of variable sites changes in nonadjacent lineages, log likelihood values for rates across site (RAS) and COV models become similar, making models difficult to distinguish. Further, although COV and RAS models provide a great improvement in likelihood scores over a homogeneous model with these simulated data, reconstruction accuracy of tree building is low, suggesting caution when it is suspected that proportions of variable sites differ in different evolutionary lineages. We study the performance of a recently developed contingency test that detects the presence of COV-type evolution modified for protein data. We report that if proportions of variable sites (pvar) change in a lineage-specific manner such that their distributions in different lineages become sufficiently nonoverlapping, then the contingency test can incorrectly suggest a homogeneous model. Also of concern is the possibility of different proportions of variable sites between the groups being studied. In a study of chloroplast proteins, interpretation of the test is found to be susceptible to different partitioning of taxon groups, making the test very subjective in its implementation. Extreme intergroup differences in the extent of divergence and difference in proportions of variable sites could be contributing to this effect.
Catheter-mediated electrical ablation: the relation between current and pulse width on voltage breakdown and shock-wave generation.
Authors: G H Bardy, F Coltorti, R B Stewart, H L Greene, T D Ivey
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Voltage waveform breakdown is characteristic of barotraumatic shock-wave generation during electrical catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. The purpose of this investigation was to avoid barotrauma by defining, in vitro, the limits of pulse amplitude and pulse width for rectangular constant-current pulses that do not result in voltage breakdown and subsequently to determine what pulsing frequency is safe for use when high-energy trains of pulses are used. Electric pulses were delivered with a variable waveform modulator with a wide dynamic range and bandwidth capable of delivering pulses of 30-10,000-mu sec duration with amplitudes of up to 25 A. Cathodal pulses were delivered to a 6F catheter immersed in fresh anticoagulated bovine blood warmed to 37 degrees C to stimulate the milieu of a catheter in the chambers of the human heart. The maximum pulse amplitude that could be delivered without incurring voltage waveform breakdown varied inversely with pulse duration. Pulses of 30 mu sec broke down at currents above 24 A (2,500 V). Pulses of 10,000-mu sec duration broke down at 1 A (250 V). The maximum safely delivered energy for a single pulse was 2.5 J for pulses of 80-120 mu sec. Peak power for single pulses was maximum at 50-55 kW with 30-50-mu sec pulses. Charge delivery for single pulses was maximized at 9 mC with long, 10,000-mu sec duration pulses. To deliver an electrical pulse with energy significantly greater than 2.5 J without incurring voltage breakdown, trains of pulses were delivered where each pulse in the train had previously been shown to be free of voltage breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sexually transmitted diseases in a defined population of women.
Authors: M W Adler, E M Belsey, J S Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A study was conducted to identify and estimate the proportion of patients suffering from gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and candidosis, both with and without symptoms, seeking care or failing to seek care at all. Samples women in a defined population were studied in antenatal, gynaecology, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases clinics and in general practice. The incidence rates varied according to the conditions and to whether cases not proved microbiologically were included or excluded. The incidence rate may be less important than the prevalence rate since the former takes into account patients who have sought care whereas the latter is largely contributed by asymptomatic women who do not consult. The highest prevalence rates, in different agencies, were found for candidosis followed by trichomoniasis, with very low or zero rates for gonorrhoea. In view of these results general practitioners could treat women with genital symptoms empirically so long as accurate sexual histories are taken and follow-up were guaranteed. There is no place for wide-scale screening for gonorrhoea, but limited screening for trichomoniasis in antenatal, gynaecology, and hospital family planning clinics should be encouraged.
Fish oils and cardiovascular disease
Authors: B N C Prichard, C C T Smith, K L E Ling, D J Betteridge
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Oily fish contains large quantities of the long chain n-3 ((omega)-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6)). Low rates of coronary heart disease in various populations with high intakes of fish suggested health preserving effects of these fatty acids. For example, mortality from coronary heart disease was found to be low among Greenland Inuits who ate large amounts of fish and whale meat (400-500 g/day, 14 g n-3 fatty acids/day)1 and in Japanese fish eaters.2 In the Netherlands 30 g of fish daily was associated with 50% fewer deaths from coronary heart disease.3 In the multiple risk factor intervention trial cardiovascular mortality was inversely proportional to the intake of n-3 fatty acids over the 10.5 years of follow up.4 Not all investigators, however, have confirmed these findings.5 6

Suggested mechanisms for this cardioprotective effect focused first on serum lipids.7 In healthy subjects increased consumption of long chain n-3 fatty acids is associated with falls in serum concentrations of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein8 9; cholesterol concentration …
Heart Failure: A Critical Inquiry Into American Medicine and the Revolution in Heart Care
Authors: Milton Mendlowitz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

For the physician reader it should be pointed out that this book has nothing to do with congestive heart failure. A more descriptive title would have been<i>Cardiology Failure</i>, but the author probably chose the title<i>Heart Failure</i>for its shock effect on the casual reader. Thomas J. Moore is an investigative reporter and science writer who is very knowledgeable in the field of cardiological research, especially as it pertains to national government involvement. He first attacks the work on cholesterol, emphasizing the huge costs of the various clinical trials, including MRFIT as the most egregious example. He points out that this trial cost millions of dollars but in the end proved nothing or very little, and he even has a chapter on the dangers of low cholesterol levels. It is not altogether fair, however, to dismiss as meaningless the entire area of lipid research in relation to atherosclerosis. He
A5.12 Atherosclerosis severity is independent of endogenous IL-33 signalling
Authors: P Martin, G Palmer, E Rodriguez, E Woldt, I Mean, D Talabot-Ayer, RW James, D Smith, BR Kwak, C Gabay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine of the IL-1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous work demonstrated that the systemic administration of IL-33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mouse model of the disease by induction of a Th1-to-Th2 shift. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in the atherogenesis remains elusive. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Atherosclerosis was induced in 10 week-old ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>, IL-33<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> and ST2<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice by feeding a high-cholesterol diet (1.25%, no cholate) for 10 weeks. Additionally, a group of ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice were injected with a neutralising anti-ST2 antibody or an isotype control during the period of the diet. The atherosclerotic lesion development was measured with Oil Red O in the thoracic-abdominal aorta and in the aortic sinus. The mRNA levels of several cytokines, including IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17, IL-5 and IL-10 were assessed in the aorta and in <i>in vitro</i>-stimulated lymph node cells. <h3>Results</h3> We observed no differences in lipid-staining area in the aortas of IL-33<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice (8.84 ± 0.97; mean ± SEM; n = 9–25), ST2<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice (6.95 ± 0.78), ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice untreated (7.05 ± 0.78), ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice injected with either the neutralising anti-ST2 antibody (6.08 ± 0.79) or the isotype control (6.16 ± 0.86) after high-cholesterol diet feeding. Similar results were obtained in the aortic sinus compared to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> controls. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not different compared to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> controls. IL-33 expression in aortic tissue was comparable in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> and ST2<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice and absent in IL-33<sup>-/-</sup>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice. There was no difference in the transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aorta and in <i>in vitro</i>-stimulated lymph node cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data indicate that in contrast to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of systemically administered recombinant IL-33, the endogenously produced cytokine and its receptor do not significantly influence the severity of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet.