tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPECIAL ARTICLE
Authors: LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The purposes of a physical training program are examined and the evidence for the general and circulatory benefits of physical fitness is discussed. While the proof of benefits is not established, there is sufficient evidence from current studies to justify encouragement of the exercise programs. The evidence that exercise lessens experimental atherogenesis is equivocal. The possibility that physical fitness alters the morbidity and mortality of coronary sclerosis remains conjectural. Whether a physical fitness program would (1) lessen the incidence of intravascular thrombosis or atheromatous ulceration, (2) increase the extent or rate of development of coronary collaterals in man although the evidence in animals is suggestive, (3) improve the performance capacity of the heart, (4) decrease the likelihood of arrhythmias, or (5) result in more efficient bodily responses to the stresses associated with myocardial infarction is not clear or has not been definitely ascertained because of lack of evidence.
The SGR for Physician Payment — An Indispensable Abomination
Authors: Henry J. Aaron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Congress has just extended the life of the sustainable growth rate (SGR) — the formula that Medicare uses to calculate physicians' fees — for 6 more months. The SGR was enacted in 1998 to hold down the growth of these fees. It replaced a formula with the same objective that wasn't working. It ties the annual growth of Medicare fees to growth of the real gross domestic product, Medicare caseloads, and practice costs. But it ignores the principal reason that health care spending outpaces income growth: the increasing number and complexity of medical interventions. The SGR purports to control total . . .
Gene expression profiling of human hibernating myocardium: Increased expression of B‐type natriuretic peptide and proenkephalin in hypocontractile <i>vs</i> normally‐contracting regions of the heart
Authors: Sanjay K. Prasad, Angela Clerk, Timothy E. Cullingford, Alexander W.Y. Chen, Timothy J. Kemp, Timothy M. Cannell, Martin R. Cowie, Mario Petrou
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Hepatitis B status must be known for medical school
Authors: S Kingman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

All students who are offered places at medical school will have to provide certificates to show they have been immunised against hepatitis B before they can start their courses. Those students who are infective carriers of hepatitis B virus will not be allowed to study medicine (see editorial on p 870).

The Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals (CVCP) issued guidance last week on immunisation to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (formerly UCCA) after receiving advice from the Council of Deans of United Kingdom Medical Schools and Faculties. The admissions service will include the information in its handbook for applicants.

The guidance states that “medical schools are mindful of their overriding duty of care to the public with whom medical students come into close contact at an early stage of their studies.” It says that all the deans have agreed that successful applicants must have proof “of non-infectivity and immunisation against hepatitis B by the time of registration.” The guidance is likely to come into force by autumn …
The cup of immoderation
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

I hardly let a day go by without a glass or two of wine, and therefore I believe strongly (because I want to) in the J shaped curve of mortality versus alcohol consumption. Teetotallers are harming their health. As for moderation, its definition is clear: it is the habitual consumption of one drink more than the number I am drinking at the time.

Still, when I behold the scenes observable in the centre of every British town and city on Friday and Saturday nights, I begin to long for a revival of the temperance movement and for a reincarnation of the Reverend John Davis, who in 1843 delivered a lecture at Pembroke in Wales, later published in Haverfordwest, which he …
Interpretation of the Tuberculin Skin Test in <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG-vaccinated Singaporean Schoolchildren
Authors: C. B. E. CHEE, C. H. SOH, I. C. BOUDVILLE, S. S. CHOR, Y. T. WANG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Tuberculin skin test (TST) interpretation in Singapore is confounded by universal BCG vaccination at birth and by a revaccination policy for schoolchildren who are tuberculin nonreactors (TST < 10 mm, using 1 TU PPD RT 23) at 12 or 16 yr old, with not more than two BCG vaccinations given to any child. School health records for birth cohorts 1978 to 1984 indicate that 82.8% were revaccinated at age 12 yr. By collation with the national database of tuberculosis (TB) notifications, we examined the risk of TB disease in these cohorts for the 4 yr subsequent to TST reading at ages 12 and 16 yr respectively, in intervals of 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–17, and ⩾ 18 mm. Receiver-operating curves (ROCs) were constructed to ascertain the optimum TST cutoffs in screening for the likelihood of development of TB disease. A cutoff of 10 mm performed best for the group tested at age 12 yr, whereas 16 mm was found to be optimum in those tested at age 16 yr ( > 80% of whom were BCG revaccinated 4 yr earlier). We have extrapolated these findings to the screening of contacts, and utilized these cutoff points to guide the treatment of latent TB infection in this high-risk group.
P1202 EARLY PREDICTION OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE BY HCV CORE ANTIGEN KINETICS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEGINTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN
Authors: G. Ricco, F. Moriconi, P. Colombatto, F. Oliveri, D. Cavallone, P. Ciccorossi, B. Coco, V. Romagnoli, C. Rastelli, B. Cherubini, L. Surace, F. Bonino, C. Galli, M.R. Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A CASE OF GENERAL PERITONITIS CAUSED BY AN ENTEROLITH.WITH A NECROPSY.
Authors: E. GRISWOLD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

J. W., a strong, well built man weighing about one-hundred and eighty pounds and 35 years old, had la grippe in the winter of 1891. He had been troubled for several years before with piles, but was seldom disabled entirely by them. By occupation he was a heater in a rolling mill. He never seemed to recover fully from the influenza; was troubled with frequent attacks of griping pains in the abdomen, and seldom had a good appetite. Later, these attacks sometimes became so severe, while at his work, that he was obliged to leave his furnace and lie down for a while. From this time onward he was obliged to employ a helper who could attend to his furnace during these attacks. Not long afterward he began to suffer severe griping and tenesmus at his stools. These distressing symptoms increased until they became so severe that he was afraid
Coroners' role in children's deaths
Authors: T. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

corrected for wrong addresses will improve the apparent efficiency of screening while failing to locate those who are being missed.Other methods of improving lists of patients' addresses that we have used in our research studies include periodic mailings to patients, recording an alternative contact address, using Post Office returns (which identified 40% of inaccurate addresses in one mailing in our experience), examining general practices' manual and com- puterised records, and using local telephone books.The relative cost effectiveness of these methods depends on the extent of automation that can be achieved.Direct linkage of computerised records of practices and family health services authorities, with a formal protocol for checking and updating a practice's address records at each contact with a patient, probably holds out the best hope of achieving a register with minimal errors in addresses to optimise uptake of screening.The technology to achieve this has already been adopted in other European countries.
DICTION AND ABBREVIATION IN MEDICAL WRITING
Authors: Marcus Ward Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  In looking over current medical literature one is impressed with the free use of abbreviations such as E. K. G., W. B. C., B. M. R. and P. S. P. One is also impressed with the careless use of English in the form of such expressions as  abdomen,  ears and  pathology   As a matter of fact, pathology is a science, not a disease state of an organ. What these writers really mean is acute abdominal disease, acute otic disease, no morbid  found. Morbid anatomy was a favorite expression of Osler's.  E. K. G. may have a Teutonic flavor. Whether the original article describing the instrument was written in Dutch or German I do not know—probably it was the latter language. I can see no special harm in using abbreviations indicated by the original language in which they occurred.  I wonder how Dr.
Circulatory Physiology: The Essentials
Authors: Charles Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Smith and Kampine have achieved their goal of presenting the essential principles of cardiovascular physiology and of developing in an orderly fashion some of the current, and at times complex, basic concepts. When progress is rapid and literature voluminous, a text such as this is most welcome. It clearly identifies important and fundamental areas that should be familiar to physicians caring for patients with heart disease. In keeping with their aim, the authors present even the most difficult concepts in a manner easily absorbed by a physician not especially familiar with basic areas, such as electrophysiology or myocardial biochemistry-metabolism. Such presentation is made possible by inclusion of many clear and carefully constructed diagrams. The book consists of 15 chapters including: "Blood and the Circulation: General Features," "Hemodynamics," "The Heart: Structure and Function," "Pressure and Flow in the Arterial and Venous Systems," "Electrical Properties of the Heart," "Contractile Properties of the
Abdominoperineal resection in acute myeloblastic leukaemia.
Authors: F W Paterson, B Wonke, J V Piper
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Six (19 ",) of the 32 men carrying yeasts were circumcised compared with 35 (24,,) of the 143 not habouring yeasts.Of the total 175 patients about 70 .O 4 Gaya, H, personal communication.
The removal and restitution of hair fat in the rat
Authors: F.J. EBLING, J. SKINNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Castrated male rats were washed with a solution of sodium lauryl sulphate and warm water using a standard technique. Examination of samples of hair clipped from one flank showed that about 50% of the total ether-extractable hair fat was removed. The rate of restitution of hair fat was then measured by clipping a further sample from the opposite flank of each rat after an interval. The plateau level was restored in about 8 days. There was no significant correlation with body weight either of the plateau level in unwashed rats or of the rate of build-up of lipid in washed rats. This result provides no justification for correcting levels of hair lipid for body weight.
Rubella in Bermuda
Authors: Richard G. Judelsohn
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Between March 29 and July 23, 1971, two hundred sixty cases of rubella occurred in Bermuda residents. Nearly three quarters of the patients were 10 years of age or older. Rash, low-grade fever, and adenopathy were characteristic; over 40% had joint discomfort. A serologic survey conducted in nursery, elementary, and secondary schools indicated that 65.5% of 296 children ages 4 through 18 years were susceptible to rubella. An island-wide rubella vaccination program was carried out from June 3 to July 9, reaching over 80% of elementary and nursery schoolchildren. Cessation of cases in elementary schoolchildren, followed shortly by termination of the entire epidemic, suggests that the vaccination program was successful in halting further spread of rubella and that rubella vaccine is an effective tool in controlling rubella epidemics.
The Prophylactic Use of Cephalosporins for Surgery-Reply
Authors: Joseph T. DiPiro
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  The comments by Dr Moskovitz are appreciated and deserve further explanation. We recognize that new antimicrobials with relatively long half-lives (eg, cefonicid, ceforanide, and ceftriaxone) have been shown to be effective when used prophylactically in single preoperative doses; however, the literature supports the older and less expensive, first-generation cephalosporins (eg, cefazolin) as being effective for prophylaxis when administered in single preoperative doses. Traditionally, older cephalosporins have been studied for surgical prophylaxis using regimens where two to 20 postoperative doses were provided in addition to a preoperative dose. 1 Where these agents have been studied using only single preoperative doses, they have been found effective. 1 Multidose regimens are not, therefore, generally necessary. For example, Lewis et al 2 reported recently that a single preoperative dose of cefazolin is effective in decreasing postoperative infection rate in high-risk biliary surgery. Our own investigations have demonstrated that cefazolin produces adequate intraoperative
Peter Paul Rickham
Authors: L. Spitz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Peter Rickham was one of a small group of pioneering surgeons who helped to establish the specialty of paediatric surgery in the United Kingdom.​Kingdom.




Figure 1




He founded the first neonatal surgical unit in the world, at Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool. This unit was to become the benchmark for similar units around the world and immediately brought about an improvement in the survival of newborn infants undergoing surgery from 22% to 74%.

Peter was intensely involved with research, and his MS thesis concerned the metabolic response of the newborn infant to surgery. An innovative surgeon, he devised the Rickham reservoir, an integral part of the Holter ventricular drainage system for the treatment of hydrocephalus. His book Neonatal Surgery, published in 1969, was for many years the standard text used widely throughout the world.

After qualifying, Peter Rickham trained in paediatric surgery at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, and at Alder Hey. He spent a year in Boston and Philadelphia as a Harkness travelling fellow before being appointed consultant paediatric surgeon at Alder Hey in 1952. He became director of paediatric surgical studies there in 1965. In 1971 he was appointed professor of paediatric surgery at the University Children's Hospital in Zurich, where he remained until his retirement in 1983.

Peter had a distinguished career in the second world war, taking part in the Normandy invasion and serving in the Far East. He reached the rank of major in the Royal Army Medical Corps.

He was forceful and outspoken, but passionately involved with his specialty. In the early years following his appointment in Liverpool, he became so exasperated by the local paediatricians' use of barium to diagnose oesophageal atresia that he sent every paediatrician in his catchment area a Christmas card enclosing a radio-opaque catheter so that they could safely diagnose the condition.

Predeceased by his first wife, Elizabeth, he leaves his second wife, Lyn; three children; and five grandchildren.

Peter Paul Rickham, professor of paediatric surgery University Children's Hospital, Zurich, 1971-83 (b Berlin 1917; q Cambridge/St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1943; MS, FRCS), died on 17 November 2003 following a stroke.
What I Learned in Medical School: Personal Stories of Young Doctors
Authors: Avery S. Hart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 May 2004What I Learned in Medical School: Personal Stories of Young DoctorsAvery S. Hart, MDAvery S. Hart, MDFrom Stroger Hospital of Cook County and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Takakuwa KM, Rubashkin N, Herzig KE, eds. 203 pages. Berkeley, CA: Univ of California Pr; 2004. $24.95. ISBN 0520239369. Order phone 800-777-4726.Field of medicine: All fields.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians, medical students, and premedical students.Purpose: “To help shape the medical profession to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population” and to bring “encouragement both to those who feel isolated as they move through medical training and to brave souls who may be inspired to consider entering the rank and file of a diverse physician population.”Content: This book is a collection of personal accounts by medical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Stroger Hospital of Cook County and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 May 2004Volume 140, Issue 10Page: 852KeywordsAlcoholismHealth careHealth care policy reportsObesityRacial and ethnic issuesSoftware tools ePublished: 18 May 2004 Issue Published: 18 May 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Comparative Study Between 100mg Atenolol and 20mg Pindolol Slow-Release in Essential Hypertension
Authors: P. Greminger, H. Vetter, H.J. Boerlin, J. Havelka, P. Baumgart, P. Walger, T. Lüscher, W. Siegenthaler, W. Vetter
Journal: Drugs (1983)
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIANDROGENS
Authors: RALPH I. DORFMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

ANTIANDBOGBNS are substances which prevent androgens from expressing their activity at target sites. The inhibitory effect of these substances, therefore, would be differentiated from compounds which decrease the synthesis and/or release of hypothalamic (releasing factors) and anterior pituitary hormones (gonadotrophins, particularly luteinizing hormone) and materials which act directly on the gonads to inhibit biosynthesis and/or secretion of androgens. Substances possessing antiandrogenic activity are of practical as well as theoretical interest. Systemically active compounds of this class would be expected to benefit women suffering from certain types of hirsutism and men suffering from androgendependentprostatic tumors or benign prostatic hypertrophy. Local use of antiandrogenic compounds also could be of use in women with hypertrichosis, in prevention of certain types of male baldness, for the inhibition of facial hair growth in men, and for the treatment and/or prevention of acne in young men and women. This communication will be concerned with the biology of antiandrogens, particularly from the viewpoint of bioassay models that are available for prediction of useful therapeutic activity on human skin.
Cerebral vaso‐occlusive event with low‐osmolar intravenous contrast in a patient with sickle cell disease
Authors: D. Zantomio, R.J. Dowling, A. Grigg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

To the Editor: Granulocytic sarcoma, a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells derived from the hematopoietic myeloid series, could infiltrate any extramedullary site; however, mediastinal involvement is distinctly rare [1].A patient who presented cardiac tamponade and superior vena cava obstruction caused by granulocytic sarcoma is described.A 45-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of general discomfort, anorexia, and pain on the left costosternal zone.The chest X-ray was normal.Four weeks later, dyspnea appeared on moderate effort.On admission, she had orthopnea, elevated jugular venous pressure, regular tachycardia, normal blood pressure, distant heart sounds, and bilateral leg swelling.Hepatomegaly and lympha-denopathy were absent.Chest X-ray now showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and a moderate right pleural effusion.Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and low voltage.Laboratory test showed a haemoglobin level of 80 g/L, and ESR of 62 mm/hr.There were no abnormal cells.Thoracocentesis showed an inflammatory exudate with absence of malignant cells.On the fifth hospital day, the patient had increased dyspnea, marked distension of jugular venous, Kuss-maul sign, pulsus paradoxus of 20 mmHg, and hypotension.An echocardiogram disclosed a large pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade (Fig. 1), and 750 mL of bloody fluid was removed.Pericardial fluid and biopsy were negative for malignancy.A full-body CT scan showed (Fig. 2) findings highly suggestive of thoracic lymphoma and a superior vena cava obstruction.Bone marrow biopsy was normal.A mediastinum biopsy revealed a granulocytic sarcoma.Immunophenotypic analysis of the blasts showed positive cytoplasmic staining for myeloid markers (MPO), CD34 þ , CD68 þ , and HLA-DR þ .Cytogenetic analysis revealed following karyotype: þ4, -9, -17, add (17)(p13), -18, þ21, þ22.The disease remained refractory to chemotherapy (idarubicin, cytarabine, and hydroxyurea), and the patient expired in multiorgan failure, 13 weeks after clinical onset.Granulocytic sarcoma can infiltrate different organs, including bone, skin, lymph nodes, lung, breast, and central nervous system.Mediastinal involvement in hematological malignancy is always considered exclusively of lymphoid origin [2].However, a few reports of mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma with features of superior vena cava obstruction have been described [2,3].Malignant involvement
Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: J. Richard Crout
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The careful analysis of 26 cases of pheochromocytoma by Moorhead et al (196:1107, 1966) is a scholarly contribution. Nonetheless, I must disagree with the recommendation that histamine and phentolamine tests be done as primary screening procedures for this tumor. The authors' own data (Table 5) reveal that these tests are less accurate than are urinary assays of catecholamines and metabolites, a finding repeatedly documented in the literature. Pharmacological tests are also uncomfortable to the patient, sometimes hazardous, and not inexpensive (approximately $10 for one ampule of phentolamine and a bottle of saline, plus 20 to 30 minutes of professional time). Furthermore, phentolamine tests in particular yield a high incidence of falsely positive results.In our laboratory the methoxycatecholamine determination (normetanephrine plus metanephrine) is used for routine screening purposes because of its simplicity and reliability (Amer Heart J61:375, 1961). This assay has provided a positive