tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women
Authors: M.N. Sack, Dj Rader, R.O. Cannon
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may be atherogenic. We studied the time of onset of LDL oxidation (lag) in 18 postmenopausal women before and after intraarterial infusion of 17 beta-oestradiol, after 3 weeks' patch administration in 12 of these women, and 1 month after discontinuation in 10. The lag increased from baseline after acute infusion (from 134 [SD41] to 167 [36] min, p = 0.01) and after the patch (132 [31] to 178 [45] min, p = 0.009). After discontinuation of oestradiol, the lag returned to baseline. This study shows an antioxidant effect of physiological levels of 17 beta-oestradiol, which may contribute to an anti-atherogenic action.
Sudden Coronary Death
Authors: Jeffrey A. Werner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book comprises a series of papers that are the result of a conference entitled "Sudden Coronary Death" held by the New York Academy of Sciences in May 1981. The conference was a convocation of world leaders representing divergent viewpoints and different approaches to the problem of sudden coronary death syndrome. The scope of the discussions is broad, but seems to encompass most current theory and the results of investigations into this important problem in attempts to forestall or prevent its occurrence. The papers are universally of high quality and, in many instances, provocative. They are followed up with discussions among the conference attendees that highlight certain points and, although brief, tend to fill in the prepared papers with spontaneous comments. The papers are well referenced and represent an outstanding collection for the physician and scientist seeking a comprehensive update of the body of knowledge and
The Micellar Properties of Bile
Authors: Ralph G. DePalma
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Bile is an emulsifier. Its surface active properties are important in the digestion and absorption of fats, and probably play a role in preventing cholesterol from precipitating in the bile. Like other surfactants, bile can be presumed to solubilize fat in a micellar fashion, analagous to the action of soaps or detergents. Rains, in 1953, demonstrated and emphasized the importance of micellar behavior in pure bile salt solutions.<sup>1</sup>As Hofmann has indicated, bile salts in physiological concentrations within the body probably always complex in a micellar fashion.<sup>2</sup> The micelle, as it exists in bile, is presumed to be an ionic aggregate of polar and nonpolar molecules. In the case of surfactant, evidence of micelle formation is obtained when increasing concentrations of the surfactant result in an increase or no change in the surface tension, rather than a decrease as might be expected. Similar discontinuity may be seen in
F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Rare Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Hadyn T. Williams, James R. Gossage, Thomas J. Allred, Andre M. Kallab, Ajay Pancholy, Mark P. Anstadt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Many sarcomas are of intermediate nature, with aggressive local behavior and low-to-moderate tendency to metastasize. A low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma had abnormal glucose uptake in the principal tumor and contralateral lung metastases with pleural involvement demonstrated with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET). A high-grade malignant hemangiopericytoma had abnormal glucose uptake in the principal tumor and a metastasis in an ipsilateral paratracheal lymph node, but was falsely negative in a small adjacent intraparenchymal lung metastasis. F-18 FDG PET could be useful in rare soft tissue sarcomas to demonstrate sites of possible metastasis and direct biopsy, but is of uncertain negative predictive value with small tumor deposits.
Major life event stress and dyspepsia of unknown cause: a case control study.
Authors: N J Talley, D W Piper
Journal: Gut (1986)

Stress is purported to be a major cause of non-ulcer dyspepsia, defined here as dyspepsia where peptic ulcer, oesophagitis, and cancer are excluded by endoscopy. There is a subgroup of non-ulcer dyspepsia patients who have no definite cause for their dyspepsia, provisionally termed essential dyspepsia. The aim of the present study was to determine if stress, as measured by major life events, was associated with essential dyspepsia. The frequency of life events during the year before the diagnosis of essential dyspepsia in 68 consecutive patients was compared with the frequency of these events over the same time period in 68 randomly selected age and sex-matched community controls. The mean number of events and the associated life change and distress scores were similar for both groups. Concerning individual events, patients reported more minor personal illness (p = 0.008). When events were broadly categorised, only one difference was found - more controls reported bereavements (p = 0.008). Age, sex, social class, and the duration of dyspepsia did not influence the number and nature of events. Although the study suggests that stress, as measured by major life events, is not associated with dyspepsia of unknown cause, it does not exclude the fact that other forms of stress, especially that associated with chronic difficulties, may be relevant.
Cancer — Nature, Nurture, or Both
Authors: Robert N. Hoover
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The relative roles of genetic constitution and environmental exposure in the causation of cancer have been debated for decades.1 Geographic differences, trends over time in the risk of cancer, and detailed studies of migrant populations overwhelmingly implicate environmental exposures as major causal factors and often identify the responsible carcinogens (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, radiation, occupational toxins, infections, diet, drugs). From this work has come the widely accepted estimate that 80 to 90 percent of human cancer is due to environmental factors.2 Yet in the past 15 years, the explosion of molecular genetics has overshadowed environmental explanations by revealing genetic mechanisms underlying . . .
Increased plasma eotaxin in atopic dermatitis and acute urticaria in infants and children
Authors: E. Hossny, M. Aboul‐Magd, S. Bakr
Journal: Allergy (2001)

The previously reported eotaxin overexpression in the lesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) led us to the assumption that circulating levels of eotaxin may be elevated too. We sought to investigate the plasma expression of eotaxin in children with skin allergy in relation to clinical activity and type of lesions.Plasma eotaxin was assayed in 78 infants and children, of whom 16 had AD, 19 had acute urticaria (AU), and 43 were healthy matched subjects. Seven children in the group of AU were resampled for plasma eotaxin after clinical remission.The plasma eotaxin levels in AD (median=158 pg/ml, mean [SD]=168 [61] pg/ml) were significantly higher than the control values (median=60 pg/ml, mean [SD]=59.5 [18.5] pg/ml). Not only did patients with AU demonstrate elevated plasma eotaxin levels (median=126 pg/ml, mean [SD]=124 [33] pg/ml), but also a significant decline occurred on follow-up. The coexistence of angioedema with AU did not cause any further increase in plasma eotaxin expression. Plasma eotaxin levels were significantly higher in AD than in AU, probably reflecting the chronic nature of eczematous AD lesions. The plasma eotaxin levels did not correlate with serum total IgE, peripheral blood absolute eosinophil count, or age of the patients. However, there was a positive correlation between age and plasma eotaxin in the control group.Our findings imply that circulating levels of eotaxin increase in AD and during flares of AU, probably to serve in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils. It may also represent a biomarker of lesional activity.
Long-Term Thiazide Therapy in Essential Hypertension
Authors: ROBERT C. TARAZI, HARRIET P. DUSTAN, EDWARD D. FROHLICH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Plasma volume (RIHSA) and peripheral plasma renin activity (Pickens' method) were measured in eight essential hypertensive patients treated with thiazide diuretics alone for periods ranging from 6 to 24 months. Treatment was then stopped and measurements repeated at weekly intervals for a month. During the first week of discontinuance, body weight and plasma volume rose in all ( P &lt; 0.001 for both), while peripheral plasma renin activity fell from 3.66 to 1.04 ng/ml ( P &lt; 0.005), and serum sodium concentration was practically unchanged. Over the next 3 weeks, both plasma volume and body weight gradually fell from the high first week "rebound" values to plateau at levels higher than those obtained during treatment (2741 vs. 2567 ml, P &lt; 0.001 and 76.1 vs. 74.7 kg, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). At the same time, peripheral plasma renin activity remained stable and markedly lower than during treatment ( P &lt; 0.001), while blood pressure gradually rose. Extracellular water (ECW) was measured serially (radiobromine) in five patients; in all, body weight variations were completely accounted for by changes in ECW, and ratio of plasma to interstitial fluid volume remained stable. These data indicate that blood pressure reduction by longterm thiazide therapy was associated with persistent plasma volume contraction and occurred despite increased peripheral renin activity. There was no evidence for chronic intracellular dehydration, and variations in peripheral renin activity were related to changes in plasma volume and not to serum sodium concentration.
Treatment of Aspergillosis
Authors: S. Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

virtues of establish.edsimple treatment" (my italics).Bed rest is certainly effective,'0 but when carbenoxolone has been preposed as the "drug of choice" it would be prudent to mention that the drug actually confers no benefit on patients in bed."1As regards smoking, I agree that patients should be advised to stop."When this was done the reduction in ulcer crater size was 83 20/% in patients who stopped smoking and 71 8% in those who did not; it was only 56-6% in those not so advised.Interestingly, the reduotion was 61-3% in non-smokers.-Iam, etc.,
New Approach to Technical and Clinical Evaluation of Devices for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Theodor Koschinsky, Karsten Dannehl, F Arnold Gries
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Despite the wide distribution of devices for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), there is no internationally accepted agreement on a standardized procedure for their evaluation. This is due to incomplete or even inappropriate technical evaluation and to inadequate evaluation criteria for their clinical acceptability. To provide adequate information on the performance of these devices over the whole clinically relevant range for SMBG (30-350 mg/dl), a standardized test procedure has been established for technical (accuracy, precision, and total deviation) and clinical (acceptance analysis) evaluation. To demonstrate the potency of this new approach, the following SMBG devices and test strips were evaluated: Chemstrip bG batch (n = 10), Glucostix batch (n = 2), Accu-Check II (n = 5), Diascan (n = 5), Diascan strip batch (n = 4), Glucocheck SC (n = 4), and Glucometer II (n = 4). The devices and test strips were examined by trained technicians, and in addition, 1 Chemstrip bG batch and 2 Accu-Check II meters were examined by 10 and 5 trained diabetic patients, respectively. Even the best-performing device did not achieve the American Diabetes Association's goal that SMBG measurements should be within 15% of the reference value. Instead, the maximal total deviation within the clinically relevant blood glucose range reached values that equalled deviations from the reference value between 16 and 108%. Three of 36 devices were classified as good, 29 as acceptable, and 4 as unacceptable for clinical use. In conclusion, this new approach to the technical and clinical evaluation of devices for SMBG is easy to perform and provides more realistic and comparable information for clinical use and approval than commonly used methods.
US doctors' groups criticise insurance companies' ratings
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The American Medical Association, together with almost all US state medical societies, has written to major US health insurance companies criticising their methods for rating doctors. They say the ratings lack transparency and are inaccurate.

The medical organisations sent a letter to 47 of the largest US health insurance companies on 16 July saying that their ratings of doctors were “opaque” and “inaccurate” and too often based on cost rather than quality of care provided (www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/368/rand-letter.pdf).

They have called on insurers to submit their physician cost profiling programmes for re-evaluation and external review “by unbiased, qualified experts” to “improve quality …
Concentration of insulin-like growth factor is linked with breast cancer
Authors: R. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Women with high blood concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are more likely than those with low concentrations to develop breast cancer, research that is based on evidence from around the world has found.

Cancer Research UK’s study, led by Oxford University’s Tim Key and published in Lancet Oncology on 17 May (doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70095-4), analysed 17 studies from across 12 countries that together involved nearly 5000 women with breast cancer.

The normal function of IGF-1 is to stimulate cell division, especially during childhood development.

The 20% of women with the highest concentration of IGF-1 were found to have a 28% …
Sexual health a Health of the Nation failure
Authors: M. W Adler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Health of the Nation initiative was launched five years ago in July 1992 with the publication of a white paper. 1 The five key areas-coronary heart disease and stroke, cancers, mental illness, accidents, and HIV/ AIDS and sexual health-were given priority and specific objectives, and targets were set.For HIV/AIDS and sexual health the objective was to reduce the incidence of HIV infection and of other sexually transmitted diseases, with specific targets related to gonorrhoea and conceptions among teenagers.These specific targets were to reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea among men and women aged 15-64 years by at least 20% by 1995 (from 61 new cases per 100 000 population in 1990 to no more than 49) and to reduce the rate of conceptions among girls aged under 16 by at least 50% by the year 2000 (from 9.5 per 1000 girls aged 13-15 in 1989 to no more than 4.8).A closer examination of the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and conception rates suggests that there is still a long way to go. The targets GonorrhoeaAlthough the target for gonorrhoea has been achieved ahead of time (fig 1), the incidence was declining so rapidly before the target had been defined, and continued to do so afterwards, that it was almost certain to continue declining without any new initiatives.The decline was therefore probably a poor indicator of effective health promotion and improved service delivery by departments of genitourinary medicine.Caution is needed when claiming success for the Health of the Nation programme.New cases of gonorrhoea among homosexual men have not shown a rapid decline (fig 2). 2 Cases of gonorrhoea seen in genitourinary medicine clinics in the Thames regions, reported as acquired through homosexual contact, declined in 1992 and 1993 but rose by 26% in 1994 and by a further 9% in 1995.Outside the Thames regions, levels have remained fairly stable.Some cases of gonorrhoea will be acquired through non-rectal and "safe sex"-namely, orogenital contact-and thus the number of cases of gonorrhoea alone, without site of infection, may mask adoption of safer sex practices.However, the numbers of cases of genital warts, chlamydial infections, and herpes also acquired through homosexual intercourse have not declined markedly between 1990 and 1994.The number of cases of genital warts increased in the Thames regions between 1990 and 1995 by almost 50%, from 572 to
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EPILEPTIC AND EPILEPTOID DISORDERS
Authors: Nicholas A. Bercel
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The subject of epilepsy is important in general practice since a little more than one out of every three private epileptic patients is treated by the general practitioner. The disease is as common as tuberculosis or diabetes. Although accurate descriptions of this disease have been available since biblical times, progress in diagnosis, let alone in treatment, began in reality only in 1870, when Jackson published his study on convulsions. The elusiveness of the diagnosis already plagued the ancient Romans, who were prompted to use tests by which attacks could be provoked artificially in slaves who were on sale. The difficulties of treatment were already known in the 19th century, when Esquirol put three epileptics in the hospital and tried one treatment after another, each different, on the same patient; every treatment was effective for a short time, but none brought about a lasting cure.<sup>1</sup>Even though a tremendous amount
Short-Term Mortality Rates during a Decade of Improved Air Quality in Erfurt, Germany
Authors: Susanne Breitner, Matthias Stölzel, Josef Cyrys, Mike Pitz, Gabriele Wölke, Wolfgang Kreyling, Helmut Küchenhoff, Joachim Heinrich, H.-Erich Wichmann, Annette Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Numerous studies have shown associations between ambient air pollution and daily mortality.
Targeted oral delivery of BmpB vaccine using porous PLGA microparticles coated with M cell homing peptide-coupled chitosan
Authors: Tao Jiang, Bijay Singh, Hui-Shan Li, You-Kyoung Kim, Sang-Kee Kang, Jae-Woon Nah, Yun-Jaie Choi, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Digoxin and digoxin derivative induced arrhythmias: in vitro binding and in vivo abolition of arrhythmias by digoxin immune Fab (DIGIBAND)
Authors: D. Cambridge, C R. Morgan, G. Allen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Digoxin and digoxin derivative induced arrhythmias: in vitro binding and in vivo abolition of arrhythmias by digoxin immune Fab (DIGIBAND) Get access David Cambridge, David Cambridge Correspondence to Dr Cambridge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C Ruth Morgan, C Ruth Morgan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey Allen Geoffrey Allen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 9, September 1992, Pages 906–911, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.9.906 Published: 01 September 1992 Article history Received: 18 December 1991 Accepted: 13 March 1992 Published: 01 September 1992
Genetics and pulmonary medicine bullet 6: Immotile cilia syndrome: past, present, and prospects for the future
Authors: B A Afzelius
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The existence of a genetic disease caused by immotile cilia was reported in a short paper published in 1976.1 The prevalence was estimated to be one person in about 30 000. The following facts made it possible to draw these conclusions.

Cilia from the lung, nose, or elsewhere have a structure that is highly conservative and, moreover, resembles that of the sperm flagellum. The central part of the sperm tail, its axoneme, thus has the same well known 9 + 2 pattern as has a cilium, although it is about 50 μm long whereas the human cilium is only about 6 μm in length (fig1).



Figure 1 
Schematic cross section of a ciliary axoneme. The central part of the spermatozoan flagellum has an identical ultrastructure. Nine microtubular doublets surround two central microtubules. The dynein arms are responsible for causing the nine microtubules to slide relative to each other. The nexin links restrict the sliding with the result that the cilium bends.



The ultrastructure of the sperm tail from three infertile men with immotile but otherwise normal spermatozoa had been described in two papers in 19752 3; they were found to lack the so-called dynein arms, the structures responsible for generating the movements of cilia or sperm tails.4 The absence of dynein arms had not been described in any other organism, although flagellar (or ciliary) mutants of other types had been described from a unicellular green alga.5 In one of these two papers the spermatozoa of two brothers were examined3 and it was suggested that “the two brothers have a genetic disorder in which the synthesis of the dynein proteins, or their assembly into dynein arms, is defective”.

It was assumed that a genetic defect involving the dynein arms in the sperm tail would affect those in the …
Enhancement of left ventricular contractility after opening of an arteriovenous fistula in dogs
Authors: A. FUJISAWA, S. SASAYAMA, M. TAKAHASHI, M. NAKAMURA, A. OHYAGI, J.-D. LEE, Y. YUI, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The effect of opening and closing the infrarenal arteriovenous (A-V) fistula on left ventricular (LV) function was analysed in 12 anaesthetised dogs, instrumented with a micromanometer and a pair of ultrasonic crystals for measurement of LV diameter (D). Plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels sampled from the right ventricular cavity were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Immediately after opening of the A-V fistula, the peak LV pressure (P) decreased by 4.3 kPa from the control value of 14.4 kPa and returned to the control level within 30 s. End-diastolic diameter did not significantly change immediately after opening the fistula but then gradually augmented to 28.3 mm, at the stable stage 5 min later. End-systolic diameter was significantly reduced from 22.0 to 20.8 mm immediately after opening and remained reduced until the fistula was closed. The percentage shortening of the LVD increased from 17.1 to 20.1% with the initial fall in LVP, and continued to increase to 26.6% with subsequent enlargement of diameter. With closure of the fistula, a directionally opposite response was observed. The end-systolic P-D relation, obtained by superimposing the series of loops and plotting end-systolic pressure against end-systolic diameter, fell on the single function curve during the initial pressure change, and clearly shifted to the left during the stable stage of volume loading and returned to the control relation with closure of the A-V fistula.2+ leftward shift of the end-systolic P-D relation during the stable stage of volume loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)