tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cajal-Retzius Cells Instruct Neuronal Migration by Coincidence Signaling between Secreted and Contact-Dependent Guidance Cues
Authors: Cristina Gil-Sanz, Santos J. Franco, Isabel Martinez-Garay, Ana Espinosa, Sarah Harkins-Perry, Ulrich Müller
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Highlights•Cajal-Retzius cells steer radial migration by secreted and short-range guidance cues•Nectins and cadherins cooperate to establish heterotypic cell contacts in the neocortex•Nectins and the adaptor protein afadin are components of the reelin signaling pathwaySummaryCajal-Retzius (CR) cells are a transient cell population of the CNS that is critical for brain development. In the neocortex, CR cells secrete reelin to instruct the radial migration of projection neurons. It has remained unexplored, however, whether CR cells provide additional molecular cues important for brain development. Here, we show that CR cells express the immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule nectin1, whereas neocortical projection neurons express its preferred binding partner, nectin3. We demonstrate that nectin1- and nectin3-mediated interactions between CR cells and migrating neurons are critical for radial migration. Furthermore, reelin signaling to Rap1 promotes neuronal Cdh2 function via nectin3 and afadin, thus directing the broadly expressed homophilic cell adhesion molecule Cdh2 toward mediating heterotypic cell-cell interactions between neurons and CR cells. Our findings identify nectins and afadin as components of the reelin signaling pathway and demonstrate that coincidence signaling between CR cell-derived secreted and short-range guidance cues direct neuronal migration.
Radioactive Gold for Pseudomucinous Tumor
Authors: Robert M. Appleman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to add the following information on availability of debriding agents for liquefying intra-abdominal mucin formed from malignant mucocele (Questions and Answers,<i>JAMA</i><b>189</b>:248 [July 20] 1964). The inquiring physician had asked specifically if there were any enzymatic debriding agents. To this the answer was no. However, it should be mentioned that radioactive gold given intraperitoneally for pseudomucinous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary (similar to malignant mucocele of the appendix) is known in some cases to prevent further collection of abdominal fluid and apparently arrest growth of the tumor for many years.
The Nonrandomness of Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Frederick Hecht, Jean S. Bryant, Dinah Gruber, Philip L. Townes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

DO chromosome abnormalities in human populations arise at random? Or may they result from nonrandom processes?Several lines of evidence suggest that chromosomal errors occur in a nonrandom manner. These types of evidence are briefly examined, and new data favoring the nonrandomness of chromosomal abnormalities are presented in this paper.The strongest evidence for the nonrandomness of chromosomal errors comes from population studies in which families known to contain a member with one chromosomal abnormality have been found to harbor another with a different chromosomal aberration. Mosier et al.,1 in a buccal-mucosa survey of institutionalized retarded males, found 10 with . . .
Auscultatory percussion of the head
Authors: A. Corder
Journal: BMJ (1982)

circumstances of asphyxia are of sinister predictive value, in particular where there is a tonic phase with apnoea, cyanosis, and extensor spasm.2Comparison of predictive value of the causes of asphyxia is difficult, but surely abruptio placentae is more likely to produce neurological damage than placenta previa.Follow-up studies of asphyxiated term infants at this hospital from 1967 have shown that the most likely expression of neurological damage is cerebral palsy.2I agree that resuscitation should not be abandoned if there is any evidence of recovery in the first 30 minutes.The possibility of a pneumothorax as a result of resuscitation and so delaying recovery should always be con- sidered.Subsequent to initial recovery there appears to be no clear consensus on management of cerebral oedema.Many paediatricians restrict fluids, and give mannitol, dexa- methasone, or phenobarbitone in various combinations.Does this therapy reduce neurological damage?NIALL O'BRIEN
1023 ADHERENCE TO ANTI-HBV ANALOGUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE IS ASSOCIATED WITH VIROLOGICAL EFFICACY AND DEPENDS ON THE DURATION OF TREATMENTS AND THE PHYSICIAN'S EXPERIENCE
Authors: P. Sogni, H. Fontaine, V. Mallet, A. Vallet-Pichard, J.-B. Trabut, J.-F. Méritet, M.P. Carrieri, S. Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The combination of rituximab, bendamustine, and cytarabine for heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory cytogenetically high‐risk patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Carlo Visco, Silvia Finotto, Fabrizio Pomponi, Roberto Sartori, Francesco Laveder, Livio Trentin, Rossella Paolini, Eros Di Bona, Marco Ruggeri, Francesco Rodeghiero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Treatment of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) relapsed/refractory (R/R) to conventional treatments is particularly challenging. The combination of bendamustine and cytarabine has demonstrated distinct and synergistic mechanisms of action in preclinical studies on cell lines and primary tumor cells of several B-cell lymphomas, including 17p deleted or TP53 mutated CLL. The efficacy of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) , Day 1), plus bendamustine (70 mg/m(2) , days 1-2), and cytarabine (800 mg/m(2) , Day 1-3; R-BAC), every 28 days for up to four courses, was evaluated in a pilot trial enrolling 13 patients with very selected high-risk R/R CLL. All patients (median age 60 years, range 53-74) had symptomatic Binet stage B or C active disease requiring treatment, were characterized by adverse cytogenetics (17p deletion, 11q deletion, or both), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region, and were heavily pretreated (1-5, median three previous lines). Overall, R-BAC was well tolerated with limited non-hematological toxicity. Major toxicities were transient Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 84% and 85% of patients, respectively. Overall response rate (OR) was 84%, including complete and partial response in 38% and 46% of patients, respectively. Patients with 17p deletion had an OR of 78%. After a median follow-up of 17 months, median progression-free survival was 16 months while median overall survival (OS) was not reached (1-year OS: 75 ± 13%). R-BAC is an active regimen in R/R heavily pretreated high-risk patients with CLL, representing an option for the treatment of patients that are usually refractory to standard therapy.
COLLAGEN, COLLAGENASE AND CLINICIANS
Authors: GeraldS. Lazarus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article COLLAGEN, COLLAGENASE AND CLINICIANS Get access GeraldS. Lazarus GeraldS. Lazarus Strangeways Research Laboratory Wort's Causeway Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 2, 1 February 1972, Pages 193–199, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb16087.x Published: 01 February 1972
Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Arthur J. Atkinson, Walter W. Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SCLEROSING cholangitis is a rare cause of extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. The disease results from diffuse inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosal and subserosal layers of the extrahepatic biliary tree wall with consequent progressive obliteration of the lumen. Regional enteritis, which has been found in association with fibrous retroperitonitis, is reported here for the first time, as far as we know, in association with sclerosing cholangitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A white woman born in 1915 stated that she had "colitis" when she was 19 years old. She gave birth to a normal child in 1951. Following childbirth she had intermittent diarrhea for three years. In 1954, at the time she was having severe diarrhea, a diagnosis of regional ileitis was made by roentgen examination. The terminal ileum was narrowed and the loop proximal to this was dilated. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 36 mm in one hour by the
Conservation of Genetic Alterations in Recurrent Melanoma Supports the Melanoma Stem Cell Hypothesis
Authors: Marianna Sabatino, Yingdong Zhao, Sonia Voiculescu, Alessandro Monaco, Paul Robbins, Laszlo Karai, Brian J. Nickoloff, Michele Maio, Silvia Selleri, Francesco M. Marincola, Ena Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract It is generally accepted that human cancers derive from a mutated single cell. However, the genetic steps characterizing various stages of progression remain unclear. Studying a unique case of metastatic melanoma, we observed that cell lines derived from metachronous metastases arising over a decade retained a central core of genetic stability in spite of divergent phenotypes. In the present study, we expanded our previous observations comparing these autologous cell lines of clonal derivation with allogeneic ones and correlated array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with gene expression profiling to determine their relative contribution to the dynamics of disease progression. aCGH and gene expression profiling were performed on autologous cell lines and allogeneic melanoma cell lines originating from other patients. A striking correlation existed between total extent of genetic imbalances, global transcriptional patterns, and cellular phenotypes. They did not follow a strict temporal progression but stemmed independently at various time points from a central core of genetic stability best explained according to the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Although their contribution was intertwined, genomic imbalances detectable by aCGH contributed only 25% of the transcriptional traits determining autologous tumor distinctiveness. Our study provides important insights about the dynamics of cancer progression and supports the development of targeted anticancer therapies aimed against stable genetic factors that are maintained throughout the end stage of disease. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):122–31]
Heavy Metal-Induced Gene Expression in Fish and Fish Cell Lines
Authors: Janet Price-Haughey, Keith Bonham, Lashitew Gedamu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Two isoforms of metallothionein (MT) have been isolated from rainbow trout livers following CdCl2 injections.These MTs have been identified by standard procedures and appear to be similar to mammalian MTs.Total RNA from such induced livers was shown to contain high levels of MT-mRNA activity when translated in cell free systems.This activity was demonstrated to be in the 8 to 10S region of a sucrose gradient.The RNA fractions also showed homology to a mouse MT-I cDNA probe.The exposure of rainbow trout hepatoma (RTH) cells to various concentrations of CdCl2 and ZnCl2 induced the expression of MT and MT-mRNA.Exposure of Chinook salmon embryonic (CHSE) cells to these metals, however, did not result in MT synthesis, suggesting that the MT genes have not become committed to transcription.Instead, an unknown low molecular weight (MW 14 kDa) protein was induced.This metal-inducible protein (MIP) was capable of binding 1"Cd and was stable to heating, while the binding of the metal to this protein was not.These characteristics have been reported for a protein induced in rainbow trout liver following environmental exposure to cadmium.We suggest that both MT and MIP may function in detoxification of heavy metals.'Determined as methionine sulfone.
Attenuation of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by a Caspase Inhibitor
Authors: Hiroyuki Yaoita, Kazuei Ogawa, Kazuhira Maehara, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH2F (ZVAD-fmk), a tripeptide inhibitor of the caspase interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme family of cysteine proteases, may reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in vivo by attenuating cardiomyocyte apoptosis within the ischemic area at risk.Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by a 24-hour reperfusion. An inert vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide; group 1, n=8) or ZVAD-fmk, at a total dose of 3.3 mg/kg (group 2, n=8), was administered intravenously every 6 hours starting at 30 minutes before coronary occlusion until 24 hours of reperfusion. At this 24-hour point, hemodynamics were assessed by means of cardiac catheterization; then, the rats were killed, and the left ventricle was excised and sliced. The myocardial infarct size/ischemic area at risk and the count of presumed apoptotic cardiomyocytes (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling [TUNEL]-positive cells) within the ischemic area at risk were assessed through triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and TUNEL methods, respectively. Peak positive left ventricular dP/dt was higher (P=.02) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was lower (P=.04) in group 2 than in group 1. The infarct size/ischemic area at risk of group 2 (52.4+/-4.0%) was smaller (P=.02) than that of group 1 (66.6+/-3.7%), and TUNEL-positive cells were fewer (P=.0002) (group 2, 3.1+/-0.9%; group 1, 11.1+/-1.0%). Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed DNA laddering in the border zone myocardium of group 1, but DNA ladder formation was attenuated in group 2.ZVAD-fmk was effective in reducing myocardial reperfusion injury, which could at least be partially attributed to the attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Perinatal risk factors for neonaticide and infant homicide: can we identify those at risk?
Authors: M. Craig
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Infant homicide is a legal term that refers to killing of a child in the first year of life. Infanticide, as defined by the Infanticide Act, is when a mother ‘causes death of her child under the age of 12 months by wilful act or omission, but at the time of the act or omission the balance of her mind was disturbed by reason of her not having fully recovered from the effect of her having given birth to the child or by reasons of the effect of lactation consequent on the birth of the child’. Neonaticide is not specifically defined by the Infanticide Act, but in medical publications usually refers to the killing of a child during the first 24 hours of life. 2
DECISION CHANGES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS WHO INITIALLY REFUSED AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Yoshiki Matsuo, Takashi Kubo, Aiko Shimokado, Kenji Nakamura, Yasushi Okumoto, Hideharu Akagi, Tadao Yamamoto, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Illness Behavior, Depression and Anhedonia in Myofascial Face and Back Pain Patients
Authors: Joseph J. Marbach, David M. Richlin, James A. Lipton
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

Levels of depression, anhedonia, and illness behavior, as well as clinical and demographic variables, were measured in two groups of patients with chronic pain, one with facial, the other with back pain. For the total sample, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were found between illness behavior and pain estimate (r = 0.30), anhedonia and depression (r = 0.33), and pain estimate and pain duration (r = 0.31). Facial pain patients showed illness behavior most strongly related to estimate of pain severity (r = 0.62); back pain patients showed illness behavior significantly related to depression (r = 0.59). Results also show that the physical site of pain relates to illness behavior but not mood of chronic pain patients.
A Physician's Duty
Authors: Warren E. C. Wacker
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the present time when the overriding importance of the contributions of basic science in furthering the understanding of disease is being recognized clearly by so many, the cry is often heard that such emphasis on science will destroy the humanitarian principles of medicine. Those who recognize this alleged danger appear to believe firmly and honestly that the acquisition of new knowledge leading to a better understanding crowds out all that has gone before, whether it be in the realm of science or humanity. Thus, new understanding of disease, based on knowledge gained in the current revolution in biology, cannot help but gnaw away at the humanitarian aspects of medicine to render the physician a "scientific" automaton devoted to his "experiments" but not to the care of his patients. The proponents of this view are many and vocal, moreover they voice their objections in the form of
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and the Myeloproliferative Syndrome
Authors: G. ARTHUR VAN VOOLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1982Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and the Myeloproliferative SyndromeG. ARTHUR VAN VOOLEN, M.D., H. RICHARD HELLSTROM, M.D., DOUGLAS A. NELSON, M.D.G. ARTHUR VAN VOOLEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. RICHARD HELLSTROM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DOUGLAS A. NELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-792 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Because paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria has been associated with primary myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia, has occurred concomitantly with erythroleukemia, and has terminated in acute myeloblastic leukemia (1) and acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (2), it has been considered a "candidate" myeloproliferative disorder (3).However, only three studies have been reported in which the paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria-like defect has been systematically sought in a series of patients with any form of myeloproliferative syndrome, and results have been variable. Of 50 patients with polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia, and the subtypes of acute myeloblasts leukemia reported by Catovsky and associates (4), none...References1. KUOVAN VOOLENMORRISON CGA. Primary and secondary myelofibrosis: its relationship to "PNH-like defect." Blood. 1972; 40:875-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ZITTOUNBERNADOUJAMESSORIABOUSSER RAJJJ. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a terminal complication of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Acta Haematol (Basel). 1975;53:241-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DAMESHEK W. Foreward and a proposal for considering paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) as a "candidate" myeloproliferative disorder. Blood. 1969;33:263-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CATOVSKYLEWISSHERMAN DSD. Erythrocyte sensitivity to in-vitro lysis in leukemia. Br J Haematol. 1971;21:541-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HANSENKILLMANN NS. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in myelofibrosis. Blood. 1970;36:428-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York Upstate Medical Center Veterans Administration Medical Center Syracuse, NY 13210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLeukemia Arising out of Paroxysmal Nocturnal HemoglobinuriaParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as a marker for clonal myelopathy 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 792-792KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaHemoglobinMyeloproliferative disordersPolycythemia vera Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Science on a bad trip
Authors: C. Drummond, H. Ghodse
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Colin Drummond and Hamid Ghodse argue that Sacred Weeds , a TVF production for Channel 4 on 3 August, made for tedious and arguably irresponsible viewing

Take two young men to a Gothic country house. Give them a dose of the poisonous mushroom, fly agaric (Amanita muscaria). Add a group of men in suits armed with state of the art scientific instruments and computers. Use camera effects reminiscent of the more impenetrable bits of Easy Rider. Broadcast their antics on national television in the guise of a serious scientific experiment. Sit back and think of the audience ratings.

At best, the Sacred Weeds series portrays psychopharmacology (the science of the effects of drugs on the mind) as a quaint hobby of the type that wealthy Victorian gentlemen with too much time on their hands might have engaged in. This is a long …
Severe cerebral confusion produced by prajmalium bitartrate.
Authors: J B Lessing, I J Copperman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

the fingers, painful limitation of the hips, and bony swelling of the right knee.Radiographs of the joints showed widespread degenerative changes with no evidence of erosions.His latex test result was negative.Close questioning disclosed that he had been taking two Elestol tablets three times a daNy for at least 15 years for his hands.It also transpired that in 1972 he underwent an open prostatectomy without steroid cover.Ophthalmological examination was performed by Mr B Cobb and showed no retinopathy or loss of central visual acuity.
Antibiotic resistance: an increasing problem?
Authors: C A Hart
Journal: BMJ (1998)

News p 1261. 

Although the “antibiotic era” dates from Fleming's discovery of the effects of the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, not until 1940 could penicillin be produced in a sufficiently pure form to treat humans.1 Ominously, a β lactamase (penicillinase) capable of inactivating penicillin was described in the previous year. Over the next few decades the production of new classes of antibiotics (derived from living organisms) and antimicrobials (synthesised chemicals) increased exponentially, and the burden of infection was lifted, especially in developed countries. In recent years concern has increased that the antibiotic era might be coming to an end—firstly, because the rate of production of new agents has diminished greatly and, secondly, because viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites are showing great ingenuity in devising mechanisms for circumventing the killing activity of such agents.

So great is the concern that several committees both in the United Kingdom and elsewhere are examining different aspects of the problem. This week the House of Lords' Select Committee on Science and Technology has presented its conclusions (p 1261). 2 3 Its chairman, Lord Soulsby, an eminent veterinarian from Cambridge, said that the inquiry was an alarming experience …
Coronary Artery Disease and Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Jocelyn M. Beach, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Lars G. Svensson, Jeevanantham Rajeswaran, Thomas Marwick, Brian Griffin, Douglas R. Johnston, Joseph F. Sabik, Eugene H. Blackstone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)