tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma and allergy patterns at age 4 to 8 in children with severe bronchiolitis
Authors: Teresa del Rosal, Maria Luz García-García, Cristina Calvo, Cristina Muñoz Archidona, Felicidad Gozalo, Francisco Pozo, Inmaculada Casas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background. Severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory sincitial virus (RSV) has been associated with recurrent wheezing in the first years of life. The role of other respiratory viruses is less known.  Objectives. To evaluate the mid-term outcome of bronchiolitis caused by RSV, rinovirus, metapneumovirus (HMPV) or bocavirus (HBoV) and compare it with children who had not experienced bronchiolitis.  Methods. We included the children of at least 4 years of age, hospitalized for bronchiolitis caused by RSV, rinovirus, HMPV or HBoV (single infections) from 2003-04 to 2008-2009 at Hospital Severo Ochoa (Leganes, Spain). We collected clinicoepidemiological variables and performed prick-test to inhaled allergens and spirometry in the bronchiolitis group. The control group was telephonically interviewed.  Results. We included 144 cases (28 HMPV, 70 RSV, 36 rinovirus and 10 HBoV) and 144 controls. RSV-negative cases had more hospital admissions for respiratory conditions (17% vs 30% p=0.075), persistent asthmatic symptoms (7% vs 25% p= 0.003) and asthmatic exacerbations in the last year (22% vs 40% p=0.023), compared to RSV-positive children. The frequency of recurrent wheezing, wheezing between the first and fifth year after bronchiolitis, asthma and use of controller medication were similar between the cases and significantly higher than in the control group. There were no differences between the cases regarding prematurity, day-care attendance, atopic dermatitis, allergic sensitization and pulmonary function.  Conclusions. Respiratory symptoms in the 5 years after a severe non-RSV bronchiolitis are significantly more frequent than among the general population and at least as frequent as in RSV-bronchiolitis.
Current attitudes and practice of American Society of Clinical Oncology-member clinical oncologists regarding cancer prevention and control.
Authors: R T Chlebowski, J Sayre, M Frank-Stromborg, L B Lillington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE AND METHODS A nationwide needs assessment survey including a validated Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Attitude Inventory of 1,500 randomly selected American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-member clinical oncologists was conducted via a 67-item, mailed questionnaire to assess practice and attitudes regarding cancer prevention and control. RESULTS Responses of 729 physicians from 48 states representing medical (57%), radiation (17%), surgical (16%), and pediatric oncology (6%), and hematology/other (4%) fields were obtained. Except for ambivalence regarding an important role for diet in cancer causation, cancer prevention and control recommendations were widely endorsed despite skepticism about their impact on reducing deaths from cancer. Surprisingly, a significantly (P less than .001) more favorable attitude for cancer prevention and control issues was found in physicians with greater than 20 years practice compared with younger oncology colleagues, as measured by a 22-item Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Attitude Inventory. Among all physicians, participation in cancer therapy trials exceeded that in cancer prevention and control trials (91% v 27%, P less than .01). Formal instruction during postgraduate training in cancer screening (34%) or prevention (23%) was received by few oncologists; nonetheless, 69% considered themselves a resource for cancer prevention and control issues in their practice communities. Of potential barriers to cancer prevention and control activity, only lack of patients without cancer (53%) and difficulty in including such activity economically into clinical practice (65%) were majority selections. Importantly, 64% agreed they could "motivate their patients to change lifestyle to reduce cancer risk." CONCLUSION Clinical oncologists may represent a potential resource for implementation of cancer prevention and control objectives if economically feasible models for their use in practice settings can be identified.
Effects of respiratory viral infections on the lower respiratory tract of children, especially asthmatic children
Authors: Asako Fujitsuka, Mika Arakawa, Kazuko Sugai, Masahiro Noda, Hirokazu Kimura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim:  Recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with exacerbation of asthma. We examined their characteristics and their effects on children with acute lower respiratory symptoms and asthma.   Method:  We examined some respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or RT-PCR and analyzed their clinical data obtained from 107 children (M/F 70/37, mean age 25.7±27.9 months) with lower respiratory symptoms who were treated in our hospitals between January and November 2010. From clinical records, we prospectively investigated the clinical symptoms of the children.   Results:  RSV was detected in 27 samples, HRV in 31, HRV and RSV together in 4, HRV and HBoV together in 2, EV in 7, PIV in 5, HBoV in 2, and AdV in 2, but no virus was detected in 29. In the RSV group, asthmatic children numbered 10 and non-asthmatic children, 17, (of whom 11 were inpatients and 6, outpatients). The mean age of the inpatients (9.3±8.2 months) was significantly less than that of the outpatients (26.2±14.2 months) (p=0.003). In the HRV group, the frequency of severe respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics (p=0.04). The mean age of the asthmatic inpatients tends to be higher than that of the asthmatic outpatients.   Conclusion:  Younger children are more susceptible than older children to severe respiratory symptoms in RSV infections, while, asthmatic school-age children tend to have severe asthmatic symptoms with HRV infections. These findings suggest that asthma exacerbation in school-age children may be associated with HRV infections.
Prediction of early distant relapses on tamoxifen in early-stage breast cancer (BC): A potential tool for adjuvant aromatase inhibitor (AI) tailoring
Authors: S. Loi, M. Piccart, B. Haibe-Kains, C. Desmedt, A. L. Harris, J. Bergh, A. Tutt, L. D. Miller, E. T. Liu, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

509 Background: The majority of early-stage BC express estrogen receptors (ER) and receive tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting. Yet up to 40% of these patients will relapse on tamoxifen and develop incurable metastatic disease. Recent evidence from three large randomised controlled trials exploring the role of AI in the adjuvant setting shows a benefit from the novel strategy, however the optimal sequence and duration of AI/tamoxifen treatment is unknown. Therefore, it is vital that we learn to identify those women at higher risk of tamoxifen resistance. Our aim was to identify genes that could predict for this subset of women. Methods: We determined the gene expression profiles from 105 tamoxifen-only treated ER positive early stage BC (training set) using Affymetrix U133 A and B chips. Within this group, 30 (29%) patients developed distant recurrence at a median time to relapse of 3.8 years (yrs) and 75 (71%) remained disease free at a median of 5.7 yrs of follow-up. The independent validation set consisted of 64 ER+ tamoxifen only treated BC patients (17 recurrences) from a different institution (Karolinska, Sweden). Results: Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified 50 genes that were significantly associated with distant relapse on tamoxifen. The probability of selecting these genes by chance was estimated to be p=0.001 after 1000 random permutations. These genes were powerful predictors of clinical outcome in the independent validation set, dividing the cohort into 2 statistically different prognostic groups (p=0.02) in the poor prognostic group (tamoxifen resistant) the median time to distant relapse was 2.4yrs compared with 7yrs in the good prognostic one (tamoxifen sensitive). We are currently validating this signature in another independent dataset (Guys hospital, UK). Conclusions: These results suggest that a group of genes can identify BC patients at risk of early distant relapse on tamoxifen. These patients could be the ideal candidates for upfront AIs, while the others would be considered for sequential tamoxifen/AI. This hypothesis will be tested in an upcoming prospective clinical trial "MINDACT".
Acidotic responses in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: The mechanisms of exertional dyspnea
Authors: Keisuke Miki, Ryoji Maekura, Mari Miki, Seigo Kitada, Kenji Yoshimura, Yoshitaka Tateishi, Kuniomi Matsuura, Muneyoshi Kuroyama, Hisako Hashimoto, Masahide Mori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and objective: Very often, some idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with the severe exertional hypoxemia may realize only mild dyspnea; the mechanisms underlying the exertional dyspnea in such patients have not yet been elucidated. We investigated the exercise responses to hyperoxia in relation to dyspnea profile as well as cardiopulmonary and acidotic parameters in 13 patients with stable IPF.

Methods: This was a single-blind trail, in which subjects breathed 30% O2 or compressed air (CA) in random order during two incremental treadmill exercise tests.

Results: Pao2and Paco2 were higher during exercise (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively, by repeated-measures ANOVA). At the peak exercise, 30% O2 reduced plasma lactate level (p < 0.05), and dyspnea score and the mean change from resting condition in pH were similar while breathing 30% O2and CA. The dyspnea-ratio (%) of Doxygen uptake (peak minus resting oxygen uptake) curve reached a break point that occurred at a similar exercise point while breathing 30% O2 and CA.

Conclusions: Despite inhaling 30% O2 and CA, IPF patients did not develop ventilatory compensation in exertional acidosis, stopped exercise when the similar changes from resting condition in pH were seen. Furthermore, hyperoxic conditions did not alter the pattern of exertional dyspnea in IPF patients during a standardized exercise program.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia as a presenting feature of Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: JJ Hueto-Perez-de-Heredia, FJ Dominguez-del-Valle, E Garcia, ML Gomez, J Gallego
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We report on a case of Churg-Strauss syndrome in a 30 year old male with a history of perennial rhinitis. The syndrome began nine months earlier with clinico-radiological features typical of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Diagnosis of vasculitis was made by skin biopsy, and at that time there was multisystemic involvement with pulmonary, cardiac, renal, cutaneous and muscular disease, and right vocal chord paralysis, which improved with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. This case report illustrates the possible overlap of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Diaphragmatic plication for diaphragmatic eventration: An evaluation of mid-term results
Authors: Rauf Gorur, Akin Yildizhan, Nurettin Yiyit, Fatih Candas, Haluk Sasmaz, Turgut Isitmangil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Diapragmatic eventration is a rare congenital anomaly in the musculary portion of the diapragm. Eventration of the diaphragm is occur due to congenital or acquired etiology, is thought to be caused by an acquired complete or in complete paralysis of the diaphragmatic leaf. Operative repair is indicated for adult patient who has symtoms. Classically transthoracic approach and diapragmatic plication have been the approaches of choice forsymptomatic diaphragmatic eventration. The aim of our study was to objectively assess our midterm results of diaphragmatic plication for hemidiaphragmatic eventration with the use of PFT.

We performed 28 diaphragma plication and analysed pre and postoperative pulmonary function tests (PFT) at our instution between 2006-2012. All operation performed under laterally decubitis position and one lung ventilation. The classical approach was a posterolateral thoracotomy through 7th intercostal space. The thinned diaphragmatic leaf was repaired with plication. We compared pre and postoperative PFT, we found significant improvements in PFT results at 3 months after operation. We had no postoperative mortality or any other major complication.

Diaphragmatic plication for hemidiaphragmatic eventration demonstrated significant midterm improvements in symtom and pulmonary function test results.
Reticular grey-blue areas of regression as a dermoscopic marker of melanoma <i>in situ</i>
Authors: S. Seidenari, C. Ferrari, S. Borsari, E. Benati, G. Ponti, S. Bassoli, F. Giusti, S. Schianchi, G. Pellacani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

By dermoscopy, regression structures are substantially defined by the presence of white and blue areas in the lesion image. As fibrosis and melanosis are often seen in malignant melanoma (MM), the presence of dermoscopic signs of regression may represent a clue for the diagnosis of malignancy.To assess the frequency and extent of dermoscopic signs of regression in melanoma in situ (MIS) and to describe its dermoscopic features.Dermoscopic images of 85 MIS, 85 invasive MMs and 85 dermoscopically equivocal lesions with a histological diagnosis of naevus were evaluated by three dermatologists, who assessed the presence of 11 parameters of regression.The number of regression parameters per lesion increased according to melanoma thickness. White areas, the grey-blue veil and widespread blue areas were more frequent in invasive MMs than in the other two lesion groups, whereas light brown areas and regression of dermoscopic structures were more frequent in MIS. Peppering was observable in the same percentage of MIS and invasive MMs. Blue areas were more frequently structureless in equivocal lesions and invasive MMs, whereas the reticular pattern prevailed in MIS.Frequency, morphology, extent and distribution of regression vary according to melanoma thickness and diameter. Lesions with reticular blue regression and light brown areas should undergo surgical excision for the suspicion of MIS. Moreover, the identification of the reticular pattern of blue regression can be considered a significant discriminator and a reliable predictor of MIS.
Usefulness of high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC) oxygen delivery during bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) in spontaneous breathing patients with hypoxemia
Authors: Kyung Chan Kim, Dae Sung Hyun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Generally diagnostic bronchoscopy is a safe procedure. However, BAL may induce serious hypoxemia, which result in deterioration of patient9s condition. In this circumstance, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can be applied. But NIV during bronchoscopy is technically difficult. HFNC oxygen delivery might be more better approach for BAL in hypoxemic patients.   Aims & objectives:  To evaluate usefulness and safety of HFNC oxygen delivery during BAL in hypoxemic patients.   Methods : We retrospectively investigated oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter(SpO 2 ) and fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO 2 ) in hypoxemic patients under HFNC oxygen delivery during BAL. Optiflow system(Fisher&Paykel, New Zealand) was used. We also examined the complications during BAL.   Results : Among patients who visited our hospital between March in 2013 and February in 2014 and were under bronchoscopy, this study included 10 cases of BAL from 9 patients(4 men, 5 women, age 63.6 years). All of various oxygen devices were replaced by optiflow just before BAL. FiO 2 /PaO 2  before BAL was 154.9(±36.3) and FiO 2  was 0.5(±0.1) and then SpO 2  was 95.1(±3.4)%. During BAL, optiflow was used for 48.7(±3.2) L/min of flow and FiO 2  was increased to 0.77(±0.17) and then SpO 2  was 95.5(±2.1)%. After BAL, FiO 2  was 0.55(±0.12) and then SpO 2  was 96.3(±2.5)%. BAL was successfully performed in all patients. One hypotension, and two transient hypoxemia were found as complications. This hypoxemia did not caused intubation or interruption of BAL.   Conclusions:  HFNC oxygen delivery is a safe and useful tool for BAL in spontaneous breathing patients with hypoxemia.
Antigen-Dependent Transgene Expression in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Markus H. Hammer, Grit Schro[Combining Diaeresis]der, Kirsten Risch, Alexander Flu[Combining Diaeresis]gel, Hans-Dieter Volk, Manfred Lehmann, Thomas Ritter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. So far, gene therapy in transplantation mainly focuses on the expression of therapeutic proteins in the graft itself. Insufficient transfection and inflammatory responses that are due to the immunogenicity of multiple vector systems are often limiting factors in these approaches. The potential of genetically modified T lymphocytes was investigated as a delivery system for therapeutic transgenes to transplanted organs as a way to circumvent immunogenicity and efficiency problems in a rat transplant model. Gene-engineering of alloantigen-specific rat T cell lines was performed by using a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)–based enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) encoding retroviral transduction system. The ex vivo gene-modified lymphocytes were adoptively transferred into syngeneic rats carrying allogeneic, syngeneic, or third party kidneys. Homing behavior, activation level, and transgene expression of the adoptively given cells were monitored. The TEGFP lymphocytes infiltrated the transplanted kidneys in an antigen-specific manner. High numbers of alloantigen-specific T lymphocytes accumulated exclusively in allografts but not in syngeneic or third party grafts. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that only TEGFP lymphocytes found in allografts had an activated phenotype that resulted in higher transgene expression. Alloantigen-specific homing, activation, and transgene expression are important prerequisites for the guarantee of localized delivery and expression of transgenic proteins by gene-engineered T lymphocytes. Antigen-specific gene-targeting strategies using ex vivo modified T lymphocytes with donor specificity are a novel approach to the delivery of therapeutic transgenes in transplantation.
Phenotypic modulation of rat glomerular visceral epithelial cells by culture substratum.
Authors: C K Abrass, A K Berfield
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

The interaction of cells with their supporting extracellular matrix influences cellular phenotype, cellular proliferation, protein synthetic profile, and specific gene activation. To examine the ability of culture substratum to modulate the phenotype expressed by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in culture, GEC were grown on plastic culture plates coated with collagen gels (Type I collagen, Vitrogen) or a complex matrix from the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm tumor (Matrigel). Cultures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On untreated plastic, GEC grew in a random pattern. Cells were flat and thin with many filamentous processes. When grown on collagen I gels, GEC grew to confluence as a tight monolayer with typical cobblestone appearance. These cells demonstrated surface microvilli and a central cilium. TEM showed an epithelial appearance with tight junctions. When plated on the surface of Matrigel, GEC formed nests of cells that gradually burrowed into the gel. Proliferation on this matrix was extremely slow. TEM demonstrated that there are surface projections that abut the matrix and that the nests of cells are hollow with a central lumen. SEM demonstrated nests of cells that formed a sphere. Surface microvilli were not as abundant as cells grown on Vitrogen, and cilia were not seen. Cells could be removed from one surface, plated onto another, and would shift phenotype to that observed for subcultures primarily plated onto that surface. Cells on each complex substrate, as well as GEC plated on tissue culture plates coated with individual matrix proteins were biosynthetically labeled with (35S)methionine. The profile and rate of protein synthesis were modified by the plating substrate. These observations demonstrate that rat GEC can be induced to display variable phenotypes in culture that are determined by the plating substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic Differences in Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Carcinogens and Aromatic Amines by Mouse Liver Microsomes. Detection by DNA Binding of Metabolites and by Mutagenicity in Histidine-Dependent &lt;italic&gt;Salmonella typhimurium&lt;/italic&gt; In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Roy C. Levitt, Olavi Pelkonen, Allan B. Okey, Daniel W. Nebert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The metabolism of various carcinogens and other chemicals by genetically regulated increases in cytochrome P1-450 content was studied with the use of liver from 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-treated C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice. [“P1-450” is defined as that form(s) of cytochrome that increases during polycyclic aromatic inducer treatment of the laboratory animal or cells in culture. Two forms of P1-450 have been characterized electrophoretically and catalytically, and even more than two are believed to exist.] Genetic differences were seen in the DNA binding of metabolites in vitro for: dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benz-[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene (BP), MCA, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, and dopamine (approximately in descending order). Any difference for dibenz[a,c]anthracene or benzidine was very small. Marked genetic differences were observed in the mutagenicity (with Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1538, TA98, or TA100) in vitro for: 6-aminochrysene, dlbenz[a,h]anthracene, dibenz[a,c]anthracene, β-naphthylamine, MCA, 2-acetylaminofluorene, BP, benz[a]anthracene, and α-naphthylamine (approximately in descending order); the difference for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was very small. Important discrepancies for certain carcinogens therefore existed between genetic differences in metabolites binding to DNA and genetic differences in the metabolites causing mutation in this bacterial in vitro assay. These data may be useful for future studies with any of these chemicals in the extrapolation of genetic differences observed in vitro to differences in the risk of cancer associated with the Ah locus in the intact animal. Such genetic data for MCA and BP tumorigenesis have already been helpful in understanding the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis.
The Spectrum of Brittle Diabetes
Authors: G V Gill
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

A group of 42 severely brittle insulin dependent diabetic patients were studied, and compared with a similar number of 'stable' diabetic patients. Brittle diabetics were predominantly female (86% v 45%, P < 0.01), were of younger age (mean +/- SD 27.9 +/- 12.8 years v 40.1 +/- 13.6 years, P < 0.001), and of shorter duration of diabetes (13.7 +/- 9.4 years v 19.6 +/- 11.2 years, P < 0.01). Control as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was poorer (13.7 +/- 3.1% v 10.1 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001), and daily insulin dose higher (98 +/- 81 u v 47 +/- 14 u, P << 0.001). There was no difference in diabetic complication rates, but psychosocial disturbances (74% v 17%) and factitious instability (40% v 2%) were highly significantly more common amongst brittle patients. Examination of patterns of admission revealed most brittle diabetics to have hyperglycaemic problems (70%), mainly due to recurrent ketoacidosis (52%). Recurrent hypoglycaemia accounted for 12% of the group, and only 5/42 patients (12%) had mixed forms of instability. Brittle diabetes is thus characterized by young age and female sex, and usually manifests itself as recurrent ketoacidosis or other forms of hyperglycaemic instability. Psychosocial problems and factitious metabolic decompensation are common.