tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exchange of CO2 and bicarbonate between the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid in piglets.
Authors: C R Chambliss, O Mohan, M Moromisato, D J Garner, E M Landaw, D M Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The dynamic exchange of CO2 and HCO-3 between the central circulation and peripheral sites such as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not completely understood. To examine this we administered a tracer dose of NaHCO3 labeled with the stable isotope 13C into the central circulation of nine 3- to 4-wk-old anesthetized, instrumented piglets. Serial samples of arterial and venous blood, breath, and CSF were obtained to determine the 13C/12C ratio by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Gas-exchange and hemodynamic parameters were obtained through standard techniques. The patterns of tracer washout in venous blood, arterial blood, and breath were nearly indistinguishable from each other, and the mean residence time was 113 +/- 24 min (average +/- SD). In contrast, the CSF 13C/12C ratio was not equivalent to that in venous blood, arterial blood, or breath until 20 min after tracer administration. Tracer washout data were used to determine the best-fit three-exponential-term equation and to calculate compartmental parameters of a three-compartment mammillary system in which CO2 and HCO3- residing in the central compartment (compartment 1) exchanges relatively rapidly with one peripheral compartment (compartment 2) and slowly with the other (compartment 3). The turnover time for the CSF was 6.8 +/- 2.5 min and the estimate for compartment 2 was 7.1 +/- 3.7 min. Accordingly, CSF appears to be one of the rapidly interchanging peripheral compartments.
IMP3: A New and Important Biomarker of Systemic Malignancies
Authors: Shailendra Kapoor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editor: In the March 15, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Sitnikova et al. ([1][1]) reported that IMP3 is an independent prognostic marker and can help predict disease progression in patients with superficial urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Interestingly, over the past few
Living With an Aging Parent
Authors: Christine S. Ritchie, David L. Roth, Richard M. Allman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

In the United States and globally, increasing numbers of older parents are living with their adult children. Making the decision to live together requires careful thought and planning; particularly when the decision means the children will be responsible for their elder parents’ care, the physicians of all parties should be consulted. More than one-third of caregivers state that they seek advice from their physician or other clinician when information is needed about this transition. Using the case of a couple receiving care from their daughter in her own home, we review the prevalence and epidemiology of adult children caring for a parent in the adult child's home, important issues to consider, and a framework for clinicians to help guide their patients through this transition. We describe the physician's ongoing role in caring for and advising both the older parent and the adult children during common stages of multigenerational living: before the move and during coresidency and subsequent care transitions.
Potential utility of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
Authors: S Jin, R Coopersmith, J Byrnes, D White
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2125 Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains the world's leading cause of cancer mortality in women. In this study we employed differential expression analysis tools to mine the BioExpress®(1) database of transcriptional profiles and found that Angiogtensin II receptor 1 (AT1-R) mRNA expression was highly correlated with expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in biopsies from patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Specifically, AT1-R transcript was up-regulated 12.5 fold in ER+ primary IDC relative to ER- primary IDC (P = 0.0001).&amp;#x2028; Experiments using ER+ (T47D) and ER– (HCC1143) breast cancer cell lines derived from human mammary gland ductal carcinoma demonstrated that only the ER+ line responded to angiotensin II-mediated growth stimulation, and this effect was dramatically suppressed in a concentration dependent manner by AT1-R blockers (ARBs). Additional cell culture experiments evaluating eight cell lines derived from IDC further validated the concept that co-expression of both ERα and AT1-R was required for responsiveness to angiotensin II-induced cell proliferation. We have also found that ARBs significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of both tamoxifen, an ER modulator, and formestane, an aromatase inhibitor. Most importantly, we have shown in a T47D tumor xenograft model that ARBs, candesartan and irbesartan, dose-dependently inhibited tumor progression in NODScid mice. Currently, we are evaluating the synergistic/additive effects of ARBs with tamoxifen in additional T47D xenograft models.&amp;#x2028; In conclusion, our data provides evidence that ARBs may have utility in the prevention and treatment of ER+ IDC. These observations further validate reports that ARBs may suppress tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. To our knowledge our findings represent the first example of a potential means to stratify a patient population for ARB-based tumor therapy using a clinically accepted biomarker, findings which may have significant clinical implications for the treatment of IDC.&amp;#x2028; 1) BioExpress® is a knowledgebase of human disease biology comprising over 20,000 individual patient samples profiled over the entire human transcriptome representing &amp;gt; 400 disease states including approximately 200 human breast cancer samples (169 diagnosed as IDC) and 68 normal breast tissue controls. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2125.
Investigation of the Nine Most Commonly Used Resuscitator Bags
Authors: Edward Carden
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Nine commonly used resuscitator bags were connected to an oxygen source, and tested by manually squeezing an 800-cc tidal volume ten times per minute into a test apparatus which measured the oxygen concentration delivered (up to 15 liters of oxygen per minute flowing). They were then tested on conscious volunteers. The Ambu gave the highest oxygen concentration (87% maximum) and the Pulmonator, the lowest (37% maximum). The Ambu with the new E-2 valve was found to be superior in function to the Ambu (with the Ruben valve) and the Ambu (Air Shields). The most common malfunction was sticking of the inflating valve in the inspiratory position. This was found with the Laerdal, Pulmonator, and Ambu (Ruben valve). The Ambu (with E-2 valve) was the easiest to use; the Pulmonator, Aga, and Laerdal (with reservoir), the most clumsy.
Case 52-1976
Authors: Donald C. Fyler, John T. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of meningitis.He was well until 10 days previously, when a sore throat and fever developed. He was seen at another hospital, where erythromycin was prescribed. The sore throat improved, but fever persisted, with malaise, abdominal discomfort and a stiff neck. During the five days before entry his family noticed slight slurring of his speech and a tendency to sway to either side on walking. One day before admission he was seen at a second hospital. The white-cell count was 12,000, with a slight shift to the left. . . .
92 The BPSU study of biliary atresia — outcome after 8 years
Authors: P MCKIERMAN, A BAKER, G MIELIVERGANI, D KELLY
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I is a serious metabolic disorder leading to liver failure. 2-(2-Nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) is a relatively new drug which is used to prevent the accumulation of toxic metabolites in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type I. In the present study, we have developed a new, simple, fast, and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis method for the quantitative monitoring of this drug in serum samples. Micellar electrochromatographic separation of NTBC was performed using 20 mmol/L phosphate and 40 mmol/L sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) at pH 12 as running electrolyte. Separation of NTBC was achieved in around 4 min. Reproducibilities of migration times and corrected peak areas of NTBC (as R.S.D.%) were found as 0.73 and 1.99, respectively. The detection limit was 3.17 and the quantification limit was 10.6 μmol/L for NTBC using UV detection at 278 nm. The utility of the method was demonstrated by the detection of NTBC in serum samples from patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type I using this drug.
Red Cell Lead, Whole Blood Lead, and Red Cell Enzymes
Authors: Carol R. Angle, Matilda S. McIntire
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Simultaneous assay of blood lead (Pb-B) and red cell lead (Pb-Rbc) in 123 samples from 104 urban and suburban students, ages 10–18, shows the ratio of concentration (Pb-Rbc)/(Pb-B) to increase as the hematocrit decreases. On direct assay in 40 samples, plasma lead (Pb-P) was fixed in a narrow range. In 28 students with Pb-Rbc >40 μg/100 ml, the mean red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was 6.05±0.28 (±S.E.), significantly higher (P<.025) than the 5.25±0.18 of 51 students with Pb-Rbc<40 μg/100 ml, although hemoglobin values were comparable (13.83±0.31 versus 13.55±0.20). Analysis of the individual population groups showed this correlation of Pb-Rbc with 2,3-DPG to be primarily related to the intercorrelation of each parameter with hemoglobin. Rbc membrane Na/K ATPase, as per cent of total membrane ATPase, had a median value of 60% in 48 subjects. Na/K ATPase below 60% was found in 10 (77%) of the 13 students with Pb-Rbc≥40 μg/100 ml, but in only 14 of the 35 with Pb-Rbc<40 μg/100 ml (χ2=5.1, df=1, P<0.05). Correlation of significant enzyme changes with Pb-Rbc, but not with Pb-B in the normal urban range of Pb-B<35 μg/100 ml suggests Pb-Rbc, increased in anemia, to be a critical factor in the hematotoxicity of lead.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Lys63-Linked Polyubiquitination of Daxx Is Essential for Sustained TNF-α–Induced ASK1 Activation
Authors: Yayoi Fukuyo, Tetsuya Kitamura, Masahiro Inoue, Nobuko T. Horikoshi, Ryuji Higashikubo, Clayton R. Hunt, Anny Usheva, Nobuo Horikoshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a key regulatory kinase in the proapoptotic response to various stresses. ASK1 phosphorylation of Daxx, an ASK1 activator protein, increases Daxx accumulation in cells and further enhances ASK1 activity through a positive feedback mechanism. Here, we show that ASK1-dependent phosphorylation of Daxx induces Lys(63) (K63)-linked polyubiquitination on Lys(122) of Daxx. Polyubiquitination is dispensable for Daxx accumulation or Daxx interaction with ASK1 because mutant Daxx deficient in polyubiquitin still exhibits ASK1-dependent accumulation and interaction with cellular ASK1. However, K63-linked Daxx polyubiquitination is required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced activation of ASK1. Therefore, K63-linked polyubiquitination of Daxx functions as a molecular switch to initiate and amplify the stress kinase response in the TNF-alpha signaling pathway.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies
Authors: Simon Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2005)

It is not hard to make psychiatric diagnoses. Ask the questions, elicit the symptoms, open the DSM IV , tick the boxes, and you have it. One set of symptoms means schizophrenia. You don't need to think about the cause, which is fortunate, as we don't know it. Another set of symptoms and a different set of tick boxes, and then this is depression. Again, the label says nothing about the cause, which is also fortunate, as it may have been anything from a long list of psychological, social, or physical hazards.

Another set of tick boxes and the label might be post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, this time the label does indeed specify the cause: trauma. Out go the intricacies of psychiatric formulation—the complex interplay of genes, early environment, education, marriage, life events, physical illness, and so on. Here was something simple. The appearance of the new diagnosis of PTSD in 1980 was part of America's attempts to come to terms with …
In vivo targeting of echogenic liposomes for tissue specific ultrasonic enhancement
Authors: Sasha E. Murer, Bonnie J. Kane, Michael J. Vonesh, Melvin E. Klegerman, Jeremy L. Gilbert, Sanford I. Roth, Hayat Alkan-Onyuksef, David D. McPherson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
42Age-related deterioration of cardiac cell-to-cell coupling likely contributes to development of atrial fibrillation in old guinea pig
Authors: N Tribulova, V Nagibin, T Benova, C Viczenczova, J Radosinska, V Knezl, I Dovinova, M Barancik
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Rationale and Purpose: Mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) the most common cardiac arrhythmia in aged population are not fully elucidated. We have previously shown that unlike to young the aged guinea pig heart is much prone to develop AF upon repetitive burst stimulation. We hypothesize that in addition to atrial structural remodeling the alterations in cardiac cell-to-cell coupling due to the ageing may facilitate induction and persistence of AF.
RELATIVE DIGESTIBILITY OF MAIZE OIL (CORN OIL), COTTONSEED OIL AND LARD
Authors: ELBERT W. ROCKWOOD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

At a time when the value and necessity of fats in foods are recognized as never before, the determination of the digestibility of those from new or little used, although abundant, sources is both interesting and important. Of as great interest is the comparison of their utilization with that of the fats for which they can be substituted. In this country a potentially rich source of edible oil is the germ of maize or Indian corn, which is separated from the rest of the kernel in the starch-making process.  Maize oil, or corn oil, has within the last few years been put on the market in increasing quantities. It is sometimes sold under these names, sometimes under trade names1that do not clearly indicate its source. The results of experiments here reported show the digestibility by dogs of corn oil compared with that of lard and cottonseed oil, for
Prevention of Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: A. E. Carter, R. Eban, R. D. Perrett
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Two series of patients observed clinically and by phlebography suggest that one agent known to produce a reduction in platelet aggregation in vitro might be useful in reducing the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism postoperatively. The agent used in this study was hydroxychlorquine sulphate.
North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens
Authors: James G. Marks, Donald V. Belsito, Vincent A. DeLeo, Joseph F. Fowler, Anthony F. Fransway, Howard I. Maibach, C.G.Toby Mathias, James R. Nethercott, Robert L. Rietschel, Elizabeth F. Sherertz, Frances J. Storrs, James S. Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)
Variability and Predictors of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations during Pregnancy
Authors: Joe M. Braun, Amy E. Kalkbrenner, Antonia M. Calafat, John T. Bernert, Xiaoyun Ye, Manori J. Silva, Dana Boyd Barr, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Bruce P. Lanphear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may be associated with developmental toxicity, but few studies have examined the variability and predictors of urinary BPA concentrations during pregnancy.Our goal was to estimate the variability and predictors of serial urinary BPA concentrations taken during pregnancy.We measured BPA concentrations during pregnancy and at birth in three spot urine samples from 389 women. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess BPA variability and estimated associations between log10-transformed urinary BPA concentrations and demographic, occupational, dietary, and environmental factors, using mixed models.Geometric mean (GM) creatinine-standardized concentrations (micrograms per gram) were 1.7 (16 weeks), 2.0 (26 weeks), and 2.0 (birth). Creatinine-standardized BPA concentrations exhibited low reproducibility (ICC = 0.11). By occupation, cashiers had the highest BPA concentrations (GM: 2.8 μg/g). Consuming canned vegetables at least once a day was associated with higher BPA concentrations (GM = 2.3 μg/g) compared with those consuming no canned vegetables (GM = 1.6 μg/g). BPA concentrations did not vary by consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, canned fruit, or store-bought fresh and frozen fish. Urinary high-molecular-weight phthalate and serum tobacco smoke metabolite concentrations were positively associated with BPA concentrations.These results suggest numerous sources of BPA exposure during pregnancy. Etiological studies may need to measure urinary BPA concentrations more than once during pregnancy and adjust for phthalates and tobacco smoke exposures.
DOES SCIENCE JUSTIFY THE USE OF ALCOHOL IN THERAPEUTICS? IF SO, WHERE? WHEN?Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Washington, D. C., May 6, 1891.
Authors: ELISHA CHENERY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

their fears and in my experience will not be used unless necessity requires it.In a few days, when confidence is established, the syringe together with all morphia, will be voluntarily handed to me, and the patient will place himself entirely and unreservedly under my care, willing to as¬ sist in the treatment of his case to the utmost of his ability.
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism Is Associated With Plasma Cholesterol Response in a 7-day Hospitalization Study for Metabolic and Dietary Control in NIDDM
Authors: Kaori Murakami, Mizuo Shimizu, Nobuhiro Yamada, Shun Ishibashi, Hitoshi Shimano, Yoshio Yazaki, Yasuo Akanuma
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of apolipoprotein E phenotype, which is an important genetic factor determining plasma cholesterol level, on plasma lipoprotein metabolism during a 7-day diet therapy of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diet therapy was performed in 242 subjects with NIDDM. Plasma lipid levels and apolipoprotein A-I, B, and E levels on hospital days 2 and 9 were compared in three phenotype groups, ε2 (E2/2, and E2/3), ε3 (E3/3), and ε4 (E3/4 and E4/4). RESULTS No differences were observed in fasting blood glucose level, body mass index, age, duration of NIDDM, or medication among the three phenotype groups. Before starting the treatment, total plasma cholesterol did not vary by apolipoprotein E phenotype, although the mean plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in epsilon 4 patients was higher than in either ε3 or ε2 patients (ε4, 145 ± 42; ε3, 131 ± 34; ε2, 128 ± 36 mg/dl; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Changes in fasting blood glucose/body mass index after the 7-day treatment were not different among the apolipoprotein E phenotype groups, whereas the decrease in plasma cholesterol level after the treatment was significantly greater in ε2 patients than in either ε3 or ε4 patients (ε2, 10.3 ± 14.2; ε3, 6.1 ± 11.0; ε4, 3.8 ± 9.6%; P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Total plasma cholesterol response to in-hospital diet therapy varies by apolipoprotein E phenotypes, with subjects with apolipoprotein E2 showing the greatest response, whereas those with apolipoprotein E4 show the least. We suggest that subjects with apolipoprotein E4 should be controlled more strictly than other subjects from a viewpoint of reducing plasma cholesterol levels.
Romania still faces high abortion rate 16 years after fall of Ceausescu
Authors: Michael Leidig
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The number of abortions in Romania is declining but is still the highest in Europe, as older women in particular have failed to take on the idea of contraception, which was illegal in the country until 1989.

The First Step, a Romanian non-governmental organisation offering counselling and advice to pregnant women, says that in 2002 79 in every 1000 women in the country underwent an abortion, totalling around half a million terminations.

In comparison, the association says, the rate in the same year in the United Kingdom was 15.6 in every 1000 women and in Germany 7.6 in 1000 women.

In its report, the organisation claimed: “The average Romanian woman will have three or four abortions in her life, compared …
Billions in Compensation for Toxic Oil Poisoning Victims
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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B-cell count and survival: differentiating chronic lymphocytic leukemia from monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis based on clinical outcome
Authors: Tait D. Shanafelt, Neil E. Kay, Greg Jenkins, Timothy G. Call, Clive S. Zent, Diane F. Jelinek, William G. Morice, Justin Boysen, Liam Zakko, Susan Schwager, Susan L. Slager, Curtis A. Hanson
Journal: Blood (2008)
Identification of Gulf War syndrome: methodological issues and medical illnesses
Authors: N. Schlesinger
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —In their study examining syndromes in Persian Gulf War veterans, Dr Haley and colleagues 1 describe a syndrome called arthro-myo-neuropathy (syndrome 3) in which patients have generalized joint and muscle pains, muscle exhaustion after exertion, and peripheral neuropathies. We have described a similar subgroup of patients 2 who may constitute a Persian Gulf War myalgia syndrome characterized by myalgia, arthralgia, rash, and bursitis; elevated creatine kinase levels, aldolase levels, or both; and no obvious underlying etiology. This group of patients initially was identified because of elevation of muscle enzymes. We wonder whether Haley and colleagues measured muscle enzymes in patients with syndrome 3 and whether these 22 patients had elevation of muscle enzyme levels.
Laparoscopic Findings in an Adult Case of Alagille Syndrome
Authors: K Murata, K Shiraki, S Kamei, K Takase, T Nakano
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Laparoscopic findings in a 32-year-old woman presenting with Alagille syndrome are reported. The liver surface showed a segmental whitish discoloration on the surface of both lobes with a transverse sulcus which was not stained enough after an intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG). These findings suggested an acquired bile duct injury in addition to a congenital anomaly of the bile duct in this patient.