tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Inhalable Particulate Matter on Telomere Length, Telomerase Expression, and Telomerase Methylation in Steel Workers
Authors: Laura Dioni, Mirjam Hoxha, Francesco Nordio, Matteo Bonzini, Letizia Tarantini, Benedetta Albetti, Alice Savarese, Joel Schwartz, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Pietro Apostoli, Lifang Hou, Andrea Baccarelli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker of cardiovascular risk that has been recently associated with long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM). However, LTL is increased during acute inflammation and allows for rapid proliferation of inflammatory cells. Whether short-term exposure to proinflammatory exposures such as PM increases LTL has never been evaluated.We investigated the effects of acute exposure to metal-rich PM on blood LTL, as well as molecular mechanisms contributing to LTL regulation in a group of steel workers with high PM exposure.We measured LTL, as well as mRNA expression and promoter DNA methylation of the telomerase catalytic enzyme gene [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)] in blood samples obtained from 63 steel workers on the first day of a workweek (baseline) and after 3 days of work (postexposure).LTL was significantly increased in postexposure (mean ± SD, 1.43 ± 0.51) compared with baseline samples (1.23 ± 0.28, p-value < 0.001). Postexposure LTL was positively associated with PM₁₀ (β = 0.30, p-value = 0.002 for 90th vs. 10th percentile exposure) and PM₁ (β = 0.29, p-value = 0.042) exposure levels in regression models adjusting for multiple covariates. hTERT expression was lower in postexposure samples (1.31 ± 0.75) than at baseline (1.68 ± 0.86, p-value < 0.001), but the decrease in hTERT expression did not show a dose-response relationship with PM. We found no exposure-related differences in the methylation of any of the CpG sites investigated in the hTERT promoter.Short-term exposure to PM caused a rapid increase in blood LTL. The LTL increase did not appear to be mediated by PM-related changes in hTERT expression and methylation.
The Psychology of Deafness: Sensory Deprivation, Learning, and Adjustment
Authors: L. A. Michael
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The author states that this monograph was prepared for advanced courses in audiology, language pathology, special education, and psychology. Especially fascinating is the first section on the nature and extent of deafness, treated from the psychological point of view. This section includes an excellent chapter on the effect of sensory deprivation on behavior. Most of this book deals with experimental evidence on the psychology of deafness, much of it statistically treated. This includes studies on deafness and mental development, motor functioning, personality, language, and the relation of these factors to other handicaps. This book will serve as an excellent authoritative reference work in its special field.
The GMC: expediency before principle
Authors: Stephen F Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—When a new drug is introduced, three questions must be asked and as far as possible answered before it comes into widespread use:



Does it work for the condition in question?


Is it safe? (In particular, are there any potential side effects that may be worse than the disease?)


Is it affordable?






The drug must also be compared with other agents and therapeutic approaches, and supplementary questions asked such as who stands to profit and whether the condition is self limiting or potentially lethal.

To some principle is all—that is, even if a new drug gives only a 30% improvement and costs £10 000 per patient, it must still be given. However, that £10 000 has to come from somewhere, perhaps an unsexy condition such as leg ulcers.

Dame Janet Smith's proposals are like a new drug.1 We are not entirely sure what condition is being treated. There is no evidence base or comparative trials. Potential side effects include an exodus from the profession of 50-something doctors who are “all reformed out” and a lack of bright teenagers entering such an over-managed career. Why not be a lawyer like Dame Janet rather than a doctor who can be suspended on an anonymous denunciation or lose her career for one mistake?

Shipman and Bristol did happen, and the performance of doctors matters. Laissezfaire is not an option. However, before we mass medicate, we need more evidence and a thorough analysis of risk and benefit.

This is a time for clear heads, not panic measures. And if we are talking about principle, then the principle of whether a government that started a bloody war which has made the world less safe should implement costly and potentially harmful vote-winning measures to control the medical profession is one that might be worth going to the barricades over.
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis associated with bisphosphonates
Authors: A. Hokama, Y. Ihama, M. Nakamoto, N. Kinjo, F. Kinjo, J. Fujita
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Esophageal injury has been associated with various medications. Here we describe a case of esophagitis dissecans superficialis associated with bisphosphonates.
An Essential Role for Resident Fibroblasts in Experimental Lung Fibrosis Is Defined by Lineage-Specific Deletion of High-Affinity Type II Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor
Authors: Rachel K. Hoyles, Emma C. Derrett-Smith, Korsa Khan, Xu Shiwen, Sarah L. Howat, Athol U. Wells, David J. Abraham, Christopher P. Denton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Fibrotic response to lung injury depends on development of a fibrogenic population of myofibroblasts. The importance of resident interstitial fibroblasts and role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in this process is unclear.To define the importance of TGFβ signaling in resident lung fibroblasts in the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis.A compound genetic strategy in which mice homozygous for a floxed high-affinity type II TGFβ receptor (TβRII) allele were crossed with a transgenic strain harboring a fibroblast-specific transgene encoding ligand-dependent Cre-recombinase was used. TβRII was deleted by postnatal administration of tamoxifen over 5 days to compound mutant mice with appropriate littermate controls. Illumina microarray gene profiling and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm anergy to TGFβ in explanted lung fibroblasts. Bleomycin lung injury was used to induce lung fibrosis, which was analyzed by histology and biochemical methods. Immunofluorescence was used to define cell populations after lung injury.There was significant attenuation of fibrosis in mice after deletion of TβRII in resident fibroblasts. At 7 days after injury the number of fibrocytes and myofibroblasts was substantially reduced. Potential regulators of fibrosis were suggested by gene expression profiles that identified key candidate profibrotic genes, including connective tissue growth factor and endothelin-1 expressed by wild-type but not mutant lung fibroblasts.Intact TGFβ signaling in resident pulmonary fibroblasts is essential for pulmonary fibrosis to develop. Our data support a key regulatory role of these cells in determining fibrocyte recruitment and myofibroblast differentiation.
The Family Physician
Authors: J. E. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial inThe Journalof Feb. 18, 1961, on the "Family Physician" should provoke concern in medical circles, regardless of the respective fields of our service In defining the family physician the article does not fully exclude the family as a unit, nor does it state in any concise way just where this area of service could best fit. In mentioning the "two outstanding qualifications of the family physician" the author gave an excellent basis of understanding for all doctors. Earlier, the ambiguous mention of "Jack of all trades" may be better understood as we read further that there is "no insuperable obstacle to their being encompassed within the competence of one physician." Whether "the physician restricts his practice to a small anatomical or functional area" or not, we must remember first that we are physicians (M.D.). I like the idea of treating the individual, as well
Mitochondrial function in the oxygen depleted and reoxygenated myocardial cell
Authors: H. M. Piper, T. Noll, B. Siegmund
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Mitochondrial function in the oxygen depleted and reoxygenated myocardial cell Get access Hans Michael Piper, Hans Michael Piper Physiologisches Institut I, Universität Düsseldorf, POB 101007, D-40001 Düsseldorf, Germany: H M Piper, T Noll, B Siegmund. Correspondence to Professor Piper. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Noll, Thomas Noll Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berthold Siegmund Berthold Siegmund Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.1 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Received: 24 February 1993 Accepted: 13 September 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
Xeroradiographic techniques applied to assessment of Achilles tendon in inflammatory or metabolic diseases.
Authors: J C Gerster, H Hauser, G H Fallet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Ten patients with inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease) or metabolic disease (gout, pseudogout, tendinous xanthomatosis) affecting the Achilles tendons are presented and discussed. Radiological lateral views of heel were obtained with xeroradiographic techniques, which permitted the recording on the same image of details of both bone and soft tissue and the evaluation and quantification of the changes in the Achilles tendons. Xeroradiography seems to be a very suitable radiological technique for routine use in the evaluation and follow up of rheumatic diseases of the foot.
Ketoconazole-induced fulminant hepatitis.
Authors: E Bercoff, J Bernuau, C Degott, B Kalis, A Lemaire, H Tilly, B Rueff, J P Benhamou
Journal: Gut (1985)

We report the cases of two adult patients in whom fulminant hepatitis developed after 17 and 103 days of ketoconazole administration. Histologic administration showed massive, predominantly centrilobular necrosis. Clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity and eosinophilia were absent in both patients, which suggests that ketoconazole hepatotoxicity is not mediated through an immunoallergic mechanism.
Mechanical Circulatory Assistance
Authors: Diego H. Delgado, Vivek Rao, Heather J. Ross, Subodh Verma, Nicholas G. Smedira
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Case presentation 1: Patient 1 is a 24-year-old woman with a 3-day history of a flu-like syndrome who presented with cardiogenic shock.The patient has persistent cardiogenic shock without end-organ dysfunction despite appropriate hemodynamic support.Which type of mechanical assist device is indicated in this case?Case presentation 2: Patient is a 47-year-old man with a 12-year history of chronic heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.He now presents with New York Heart Association class IV symptoms that are refractory to medical therapy.At what point should we consider this patient for mechanical circulatory support?Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is an important adjunct to the management of the patient with severe heart failure.This article describes the current clinically available mechanical support devices, their indications for use, and the specific advantages and disadvantages associated with each device.
S96 Bronchial Thermoplasty Reduces Peripheral Blood Eosinophils In Severe Asthma Demonstrating Systemic Effects Of A Localised Therapy
Authors: D. Ryan, L. Holmes, G. McCumesky, R. Daly, K. Hince, G. Tavernier, S. Fowler, R. Niven
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Severe Asthma, characterised by persistent symptoms despite maximal medical therapy, represents 5% of asthma cases. Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) is a novel therapy, NICE approved for Severe Asthma patients uncontrolled despite step 4/5 of British Guideline on Asthma Management. BT delivers radiofrequency thermal energy to airways distal to the main-stem bronchi, permanently reducing airway smooth muscle mass. It is unknown whether treatment of smooth muscle hypertrophy impacts persistently upon systemic signs of allergic inflammation. Peripheral blood eosinophils (PBEs) are a marker of allergic inflammation in asthma. We asked: does BT modify signs of allergic inflammation as measured by PBEs and if so, does this effect persist over time? <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review of 15 consecutive Severe Asthma cases treated with BT was performed. Serial PBEs measured before and up to 1 year after BT were compared. Blood eosinophil levels taken peri-procedure were excluded from analysis due to standard protocol concomitant steroid therapy. For time to first detectable high PBE all available post-BT PBE levels were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 13 patients had PBE data before and after BT, with an average of 9 and 12 serial PBE levels pre and post-BT respectively. Mean PBE 1 year pre-BT was 0.33 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L falling to a mean of 0.16 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L 1 year post-BT (p &lt; 0.05) (see Figure). 9 of 13 patients had a fall in mean PBE, in 2 of 13 levels rouse and 1 of 13 mean PBEs were unchanged post-BT. In 6 patients who converted from normal to high PBE post-BT, average time to first high PBE (&gt;0.4 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L) was 7 months (range 1–13 months). In 5 patients (38%) PBE remained within normal range persistently post BT. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Severe Asthma patients undergoing BT had a significant reduction in average peripheral blood eosinophil levels from baseline. In over 1/3 of cases this effect was persistent 1 year post procedure. These findings support the concept that BT not only reduces asthma-associated smooth muscle hypertrophy but impacts upon systemic markers of allergic inflammation.
Does the Metabolic Syndrome Improve Identification of Individuals at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and/or Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Michael P. Stern, Ken Williams, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Kelly J. Hunt, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The metabolic syndrome has been promoted as a method for identifying high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We therefore sought to compare this syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, to the Diabetes Predicting Model and the Framingham Risk Score as predictors of type 2 diabetes and CVD, respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A population-based sample of 1,709 initially nondiabetic San Antonio Heart Study (SAHS) participants were followed for 7.5 years, 195 of whom developed type 2 diabetes. Over the same time interval, 156 of 2,570 SAHS participants experienced a cardiovascular event. A population-based sample of 1,353 initially nondiabetic Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS) participants were followed for 6.5 years, 125 of whom developed type 2 diabetes. Baseline measurements included medical history, age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, blood pressure, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels, and fasting serum total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS—The sensitivities for predicting diabetes with the metabolic syndrome were 66.2 and 62.4% in the SAHS and the MCDS, respectively, and the false-positive rates were 27.8 and 38.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and false-positive rates for predicting CVD with the metabolic syndrome in the SAHS were 67.3 and 34.2%, respectively. At corresponding false-positive rates, the two predicting models had significantly higher sensitivities and, at corresponding sensitivities, significantly lower false-positive rates than the metabolic syndrome for both end points. Combining the metabolic syndrome with either predicting model did not improve the prediction of either end point. CONCLUSIONS—The metabolic syndrome is inferior to established predicting models for either type 2 diabetes or CVD.
The Unborn Patient
Authors: H. J. Zimmer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to complimentThe Journalfor printing the editorial, "The Unborn Patient," by Warren J. Warwick, MD (<b>209</b>: 1081, 1969). I have always contended that at the moment of fertilization a new life begins, whether plant, animal, or human, which is unique and now must struggle for survival even though nuture has been provided for it by its maternal ancestor to see it through the early stages of life. This living thing is a separate individual and its idenity is not just a part of its mother or father, even though formed from their combined parts. In proper environments it will exist a normal built-in life span. At death something imperceptible leaves, where it goes, what it is, or whether it transmutes into something else, no one knows. I do not believe all life is a continuum with individual lives and species just variations on an
Special Problems Patients Have With a Tracheostomy
Authors: John P. Dye
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A year ago, I fell asleep at midday while driving and demolished my car. It was eventually determined that I was one of an estimated 50 million people with sleep apnea. A permanent tracheostomy was performed so that I could breathe through the tube at night (the tube is plugged during the day). It sounds simple enough, but the problems involved were such that it took a year to find solutions that would allow me to return to near-normal function. There did not seem to be any help in coping with this situation, so I would like to share my experience with physicians, whose patients may benefit. The two major problems are air leakage, which makes it difficult to talk, and hygiene. The tracheostomy was meant to be a temporary expedient for bed patients, not for someone who is up and around. For example, there is no plug designed for
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XVI. Subspecialty Fellowship Programs, 1988 Update
Authors: Christopher Lyttle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Much of the debate about medical manpower during the 1980s has focused on the growing number of medical subspecialists. We examined the number of subspecialty fellows since 1976, paying particular attention to data collected in the 1987-1988 academic year. The number of fellows in subspecialty training at a given time has increased by 27% since 1976; however, much of this increase is due to the increased length of the training programs. The number of first-year fellows has increased only 7% since 1976. Growth in the number of fellowships has varied by subspecialty. The number of fellowships in geriatrics, critical care, and general internal medicine has increased dramatically. Additionally, the traditional subspecialties-cardiology, pulmonary disease, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, rheumatology, and al-lergy-immunology-have all grown to some extent. Program directors in all subspecialties anticipate continued growth in the coming years.
Interval shifts in basophil measures correlate with disease activity in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: E. T. Oliver, P. M. Sterba, S. S. Saini
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected through symptoms of pruritus and recurrent skin lesions. In active CSU disease, reduced IgE-mediated basophil histamine release (HR) and basopenia are observed. We sought to examine the relationship between interval changes in basophil measures and shifts in patient-reported disease impairment. Simultaneous symptom and basophil evaluations were completed at two sequential study visits, and interval changes in measures were compared between visits for each subject (n = 38). These measures included Skindex-29, current itch and hives scores, total leukocyte histamine content (an indirect measure of blood basophil presence), and basophil HR in response to anti-IgE and formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine. Overall, interval improvements in disease measures in CSU subjects were associated with increased basophil numbers (total leukocyte histamine content) and IgE-mediated HR. This suggests these measures are potential biomarkers for CSU disease improvement and further implicates a role for basophils in CSU.
Prognostic role of antibody reactivity to melanoma.
Authors: D R Vlock, R DerSimonian, J M Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Antibody reactivity against cultured allogeneic melanoma Y-Mel 81:180 was studied in 43 patients who participated in an adjuvant trial for stage I and II melanoma. Serum samples were obtained at trial entry within 2 mo of definitive surgery. At the time of serum acquisition, all patients were free of disease by physical examination and routine radiologic and laboratory parameters. Serum antibody reactivity was tested for by protein A hemadsorption before and after acid dissociation and ultrafiltration of serum. We have previously shown that this technique for immune complex dissociation augments autologous antibody reactivity. Results of serum antibody reactivity were scored by an investigator blinded to the patient's clinical status. Of the 43 patients studied, 15 relapsed and 28 remained disease-free. At study entry, there were 25 stage I patients and 18 stage II patients. Breslow depth was 3.25 +/- 2.5 mm in relapse patients and 1.67 +/- 1.1 mm in disease-free patients. The presence and titer of antibody directed against melanoma in either native serum or serum dissociated from immune complexes was found to be associated with eventual relapse (P = 0.0001). When results were subgrouped by stage of disease, Breslow depth, and hypopigmentation, antibody reactivity was still correlated with eventual relapse. The incidence and titer of antibody reactivity against melanoma appears to be a new prognostic factor in predicting eventual disease recurrence.
Gallium-67 Scanning in the Differential Diagnosis of Focal Liver Disease.
Authors: Pablo E. Dibos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Gallium-67 Scanning in the Differential Diagnosis of Focal Liver Disease.Pablo E. Dibos, M.D., Frederick E. Lomas, M.R.A.C.P., Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Pablo E. Dibos, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frederick E. Lomas, M.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-876_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLiver scanning is widely used to detect focal abnormalities of the liver. Differentiating between benign and malignant conditions is often difficult. For example, a problem in patients with cirrhosis is the detection of superimposed hepatoma. The use of gallium-67 citrate, in addition to radioactive colloids such as 99m-Tc-sulfur colloid, has proved valuable in the diagnosis of hepatic malignancy. Thirty-eight patients with focal defects on colloid liver scan were studied with the gamma camera after intravenous administration of 3 μCi of gallium citrate.Significant accumulation of gallium was noted in the focal lesions of 20 of 22 patients with hepatic malignancy:... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Pablo E. Dibos, M.D.; Frederick E. Lomas, M.R.A.C.P.; Henry N. WagnerJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 876-877KeywordsCirrhosisHepatocellular carcinomaLesionsLiverLiver diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...