tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dissolution of Cystine Calculi
Authors: J. A. MacDougall
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MEDIBRrrO=UNAL 809 adrenals was therefore followed by a reduction of pituitary activity as a first effect.It is possible, however, that the phase of depigmentation was only coincidentally related to the adrenalectomy, and represented a natural remission of pituitary hyperfunction.In Bagshawe's personal case a deep-brown pigmentation of the exposed skin appeared first and then faded, to be followed later by Cushing's syndrome and carcinoma of the lung.Remissions occurred in the cases of Cushing's syndrome associated with thymic neoplasms described by Sprague et al. (1950) and Anderson and Haymaker (1944).A remarkable case of cyclical remissions in Cushing's syndrome has recently been described by Aber and Cheetham (1961).During the attacks there was a high level of excretion of urinary steroids and severe hypo- kalaemia.The patient died during an attack, but, surprisingly in view of the hypokalaemia, no tumour was found at necropsy.It seems very likely that carcinoma did not develop in our patient until the second period of pituitary hyper- activity, and some long time after adrenalectomy.We had read Thorne's paper at an early stage in our investi- gations and were aware of the further sinister associa- tions of Cushing's syndrome with hypokalaemia.Repeated clinical and radiological examinations were made, seeking evidence of tumour formation; also a careful search when the abdomen was opened to carry out adrenalectomy.Nothing, however, was found until the last year of the patient's life.If we accept a causal relationship between Cushing's syndrome and the development of carcinoma of the breast, the sequence of events strongly suggests that the pituitary was exercising a direct carcinogenic action.
Abstract 2379: 96-Well CometChip validation for simultaneous treatment and measurement of DNA damage in a single platform
Authors: Sandra R. Woodgate, Clare Whittaker, Jay George, Robert W. Sobol, Sandy Schamus-Haynes, Bevin P. Engelward, Jing Ge
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The 96-Well CometChip System is a high-throughput platform to simultaneously treat and measure DNA damage induced by different treatments, or among different cell types on a single slide using the comet assay. The CometChip is a consumable consisting of specifically sized micron pores patterned into agarose layered on a treated microscope slide. Ninety-six (96) separate wells are created by inserting the CometChip into a reusable 96-Well CometChip System, a magnetically-sealed cassette suitable for tissue culture incubators. Cells added to each well are captured by gravity into micropores and excess cells aspirated leaving an array of non-overlapping cells. Multiple experimental conditions are performed in parallel by the addition of different chemicals to respective wells. Once treatment is complete the CometChip is removed from the cassette and processed using standard alkaline comet conditions and imaging systems. A distributable CometChip requires precision manufacturing to ensure robust and reproducible performance. CometChip tolerances were investigated and compared to normal comet using cryopreserved comet control cells with known levels of DNA damage. After setting specifications, 96-Well CometChips with 30 micron pores were distributed to evaluate both intra and inter-chip variations between laboratories. To assure experimental consistency between labs, magnetically sealable cassettes, cryopreserved control cells and identical electrophoresis systems were provided to each lab. Data is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing the CometChip for reproducible results based on the coefficients of variance (CVs) obtained between different wells and laboratories. In addition, data will be presented demonstrating the absence of cross talk between CometChip wells using the 96-Well CometChip System. (Work was supported by R44ES021116). Citation Format: Sandra R. Woodgate, Clare Whittaker, Jay George, Robert W. Sobol, Sandy Schamus-Haynes, Bevin P. Engelward, Jing Ge. 96-Well CometChip validation for simultaneous treatment and measurement of DNA damage in a single platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2379. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2379
Is melioration the addiction theory of choice?
Authors: Robert J. MacCoun
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Heyman makes a convincing case that a melioration choice strategy is sufficient to produce addictive behavior. But given a plethora of addiction theories, the question is whether melioration theory is superior to rivals more sophisticated than a simple disease model or operant conditioning account. Heyman offers little direct evidence that melioration actually causes the addictions we observe.
Clarify role of NHS market or patients may suffer, says King's Fund
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The UK government must state unequivocally that it is committed to setting up a healthcare market, involving a range of different providers from the private and voluntary sectors. Otherwise patients could suffer as a result of reforms, said a report published this week by the King's Fund, an independent health charity.

The report, drawn up by a working group of senior executives from the NHS and the private and voluntary sectors, notes how the government has shifted towards a market system. Reforms have included payment by results (where patients have a choice of where they can have operations, and hospitals are …
Health and the State
Authors: W. Elliot
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Parliament at Cambridge in 1388; it was followed by quaran- tine laws, by the appointment of scavengers, by sanitary watchmen, and by penalties for the concealment of infected persons.In Scotland, as elsewhere, the beginnings of health services can be traced to the fear of pestilence.England and Scotland throughout the Middle Ages and down to the nineteenth century were periodically ravaged by epidemics of plague, cholera, and small-pox.During the Black Death it is esti- mated that about one-third of the population died of the disease.During a part of the eighteenth century one child out of every three under the age of 5 in Glasgow died of
Slow late myocardial clearance of thallium: a characteristic phenomenon in coronary artery disease.
Authors: J Sklar, D Kirch, T Johnson, B Hasegawa, S Peck, P Steele
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We extended the quantitative seven-pinhole method to follow the dynamics of thallium redistribution after exercise. We observed a pattern of slow late thallium clearance that appears to be characteristic of myocardium supplied by obstructed coronary arteries. In 28 subjects, quantitative thallium scintigrams (seven-pinhole tomography, circumferential count profiles) and blood samples for thallium concentration were taken immediately, 2 hours and 4 hours after maximal treadmill exercise. Twenty subjects had coronary artery disease (CAD) and eight were normal. The rate of thallium clearance from the blood (TCB) was compared with the rate of thallium clearance from each segmental region of myocardium (TCM, derived by ratioing corresponding segments of the absolute circumferential count profiles) between the 2- and 4-hour images. In seven of the eight normal subjects, TCM exceeded TCB in all regions of all images (specificity 88%). Seventeen of the 20 CAD patients had at least one region where TCM was less than TCB (sensitivity 85%). Of the 13 patients with multivessel CAD, 11 had multiple regions with TCM less than TCB. Using this criterion, we detected 31 of 39 obstructed coronary arteries. Of the 37 regions that were abnormal by this analysis, 30 corresponded to obstructed coronary arteries. In contrast, while conventional circumferential count profile analysis also was abnormal in 17 of the 20 CAD patients, it diagnosed multivessel CAD in only five of the 13 patients that had it. These results show that slow late thallium clearance from myocardium is characteristic of regions of myocardium supplied by diseased coronary arteries and that observation of this phenomenon may improve diagnostic sensitivity for the presence of multivessel CAD.
Clinically integrated systems: the future of NHS reform in England?
Authors: C. Ham, J. Dixon, C. Chantler
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Recent reforms to the NHS in England seem to make integration of care harder rather than easier. But <b>Chris Ham</b>, <b>Jennifer Dixon</b>, and <b>Cyril Chantler </b>argue that integration is not incompatible with competition and that it is essential for more efficient care
Overdose of benzodiazepines
Authors: R. L. Bank
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The survey by Carl Chambers, PhD, in the MEDICAL NEWS section concerning the prescribing of minor tranquilizers (1981;246:14) reports that 7% of 150 physicians polled had at least one patient die of overdose from benzodiazepines alone or in combination with alcohol. The proportion of these deaths attributed to benzodiazepines alone is not stated. This is an important distinction in that the preponderance of evidence suggests that deaths owing to benzodiazepines alone are uncommon. 1   In a survey of medical examiners done by Finkle and associates (1979; 429-434), they report on 1,239 overdose deaths involving diazepam. Only two of these were attributed to diazepam alone. Most cases involved two or more substances, and the other drugs found most frequently were alcohol, propoxyphene, and morphine.  In a multiple-drug overdose, it has not been determined whether benzodiazepines potentiate, add, or have little contribution to fatal outcome. Certainly the other commonly
Abstract 2612: Inhibiton of phospholipase C γ 1 enhances senstivity of glioblastoma multiforme to cisplatin and biochanin A
Authors: Aditi Jain, Vikas Bhardwaj, James C. K. Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumors, is characterized by its invasiveness and poor prognosis of the patients with this disease. Due to its rapid and aggressive nature, it is difficult to treat with conventional therapies. Several new agents have been tested and used for treating glioblastoma but with limited success. Phospholipase C γ 1 (PLC γ 1) is at the point of convergence of many signal transduction pathways and plays an important role in regulating intracellular calcium mobilization and promote cell motility, differentiation and invasion. Inhibition of PLC γ 1 is known to be associated with blocking invasion in gliomas, prostate, breast and bladder carcinomas. In glioblastoma the significance of PLC γ 1 inhibition has been implicated due to its effect on cell motility and invasion. Our laboratory has been investigating the anticancer properties of Biochanin A, a natural isoflavonoid. Biochanin A induces apoptosis, causes cell cycle arrest affecting cellular signaling in several cancers. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that Biochanin A inhibits invasion in GBM cells. In GBM several signaling pathways are upregulated leading to tumor progression and thus designing targeted therapies is still a major challenge. In this study we investigated the cytotoxic potential of PLC γ 1 inhibitor (U73122) in combination with Biochanin A or with Cisplatin on U87 MG cells (human glioblastoma cell line). We hypothesized that the combinations would enhance the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of the two compounds. We performed a dose response assay using these compounds alone and in combination. At 5µM, U73122 is effective in decreasing cell survival. We also found that U73122 is effective in enhancing the cytotoxic potential of Biochanin A and Cisplatin. Further, we determined the effect of U73122 (5μM) alone and in combination with either of the two compounds on cell signaling, invasive processes and transcription factors. Western blot analysis shows a decrease in the protein expression of p-AKT, NFκ-β, uPAR. Our results implicate that inhibition of PLC γ 1 can augment the cytotoxic potential of Biochanin A and Cisplatin and decrease progression of GBM. These findings have a therapeutic implication in GBM treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2612.
FRACTURES OF THE LONG BONES.
Authors: JAMES R. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the Surgical Section of the American Medical Association, at the meeting in Cleveland, June 6, 1883.] Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: In the limited time at my disposal I must greatly abbreviate the matter which I had prepared to offer on this occasion. I may claim, therefore, that it will not be possible for me to do justice either to my subject or to myself while omitting such large portions of a paper, which, in the nature of things, should have been presented as a whole. I will try, however, to lay before you as briefly as possible a few of the methods of diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the long bones, which have gradually taken present form in my hands during many years of extensive practice in this class of injuries as a surgeon to the “ Out Door Dept. of Bellevue Hospital.” I offer no apology
STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM
Authors: Werner Henle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Experiments have been reported on the propagation of influenza viruses in the allantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo during the first infectious cycle. After adsorption of the seed virus onto the host cells, only a small percentage of it remains demonstrable by infectivity titrations. This amount remains constant for 4 hours in the case of infection with PR8 virus, and for 6 hours in that of infection with Lee virus. Thereafter, a sharp rise in infectivity occurs 2 to 3 hours before liberation of the new generations of active virus into the allantoic fluid can be detected. Injection of homologous virus, inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation, following infection prevents or delays the production of virus in the tissues, depending to some extent upon the number of ID(50) of active virus used as inoculum. The smaller the dose, the more pronounced the inhibitory effect. With increasing delay in the injection of the inhibitor, progressively more virus is produced and liberated 6 and 9 hours after infection with PR8 and Lee virus, respectively. Thus, production of virus may be interrupted by the homologous inhibitor when given up to 3 hours after infection with PR8, and up to4(1/2) hours after infection with Lee virus. Since no increase in infectivity can bedetected during these 3 and 4(1/2) hour periods in the tissues, it is suggested that influenza virus propagates in at least two major stages: first, non-infectious, immature virus material is produced which, subsequently, is converted into the fully active agent. Presumably the first step can be interrupted by the homologous inhibitor, while the second cannot. Heterologous irradiated virus, injected after infection of the tissue, exerts only a slight inhibitory effect on the production of virus.
Suspension of doctors
Authors: Oliver R Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In his letter above and on bmj.com> in response to Empey's editorial, Dudley says that a case could be made for establishing a unit that has the expertise to handle suspensions.1 2 I think a case should be made for re-establishing a unit to handle suspensions. This was a function that was carried out by the old regions and ceased when they were dissolved.

Ten years ago a regional medical …
Validation of beat by beat pulsed Doppler measurements of ascending aortic blood velocity in man
Authors: J A INNES, C J MILLS, M I M NOBLE, K MURPHY, S PUGH, A C SHORE, A GUZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The volume, velocity, and acceleration of ascending aortic blood were measured in man using a pulsed Doppler ultrasound instrument, with online spectral analysis and offline computer processing of velocity data. This system was firstly validated in a test rig capable of generating pulsatile flow of talc particles in water at physiological velocities and accelerations in a model aorta. Doppler measurements correlated well (r≥0.90) with simultaneous electromagnetic measurements of stroke volume, peak ejection velocity, and maximum acceleration in this rig. In vivo validation was performed firstly by comparing simultaneous Doppler and thermodilution cardiac output () measurements; this yielded the following regression equation: Doppler = 0.90 × thermodilution + 0.03 litre·min−1, r=0.92; n=38. Beat by beat measurements were then validated against simultaneous invasive aortic blood velocity measurements made using a Mills electromagnetic cathetertip probe. When paced single beats of different size were compared within subjects the correlation coefficients between Doppler and electromagnetic measurements averaged 0.89 for stroke volume, 0.91 for peak ejection velocity, and 0.79 for maximum acceleration in five subjects. The absolute values for velocity and acceleration from the Doppler system differed significantly from the absolute values given by the electromagnetic system and this difference was not consistent between subjects. It is concluded that the Doppler system can non-invasively record relative changes in left ventricular ejection in man.
The treatment of warts with I.D.U.
Authors: C. F. Allenby, H. R. Vickers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article The treatment of warts with I.D.U. Get access C. F. Allenby, C. F. Allenby Radeliffe Infirmary, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. R. Vickers H. R. Vickers Radeliffe Infirmary, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 3, 1 March 1966, Pages 180–181, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12198.x Published: 01 March 1966
THE INDUCTION OF A RHEUMATOID FACTOR-LIKE SUBSTANCE IN RABBITS
Authors: John L. Abruzzo, Charles L. Christians
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Hyperimmunization of two groups of rabbits with killed Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis has resulted in the formation of a serum factor (RFLS) which resembled the human rheumatoid factor. It was a heat-stable protein that migrated electrophoretically in the gamma-beta globulin range and sedimented rapidly with ultracentrifugation. The serologic properties of the RFLS were destroyed by mercaptoethanol. It reacted primarily with rabbit gamma globulin in an aggregated state (immune complexes or physically aggregated gamma globulin) and demonstrated cross-reactivity with human gamma globulin.
Impact of the Revised AIDS Case Definition on AIDS Reporting in San Francisco
Authors: George W. Rutherford
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recently revised the national case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The revision expanded the list of diseases indicative of AIDS to include human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus wasting syndrome, and a broader range of opportunistic infections and malignancies. It also allowed presumptive diagnoses of cerebral toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, disseminated mycobacterial infection, and esophageal candidiasis. 1,2 We report herein our first four months of experience with this new case definition.  Methods.  —All cases of AIDS diagnosed in San Francisco are reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health. 3   Previous studies comparing cases of AIDS with death certificates, pathology and laboratory logs, medical records, and requests for pentamidine and ansamycin have shown that 98% of the cases of AIDS that are diagnosed in San Francisco are reported. 4   To assess the impact of
Treatment of Achalasia — From Whalebone to Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Sidney Cohen, Henry P. Parkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Achalasia, described by Thomas Willis in 1674, was initially treated by dilation of the lower esophagus with a whalebone. The forceful disruption of the lower esophagus by this means relieved dysphagia and other obstructive symptoms. Current procedures, pneumatic balloon dilation and surgical myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter, mimic this earlier approach. The relative merits of these treatments have been debated without resolution for more than 40 years. Pneumatic dilation and myotomy result in long-term relief of dysphagia in 70 and 85 percent of patients, respectively.1 In 5 percent of patients, pneumatic dilation causes esophageal perforation, requiring subsequent thoracic surgical . . .
Insulin secretagogues were associated with increased mortality compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gabriela Prutsky, Juan Pablo Domecq, Apostolos Tsapas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Schramm TK, Gislason GH, Vaag A, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1900-8. 21471135