tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Valproic acid in combination with all-trans retinoic acid and intensive therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in older patients
Authors: Michela Tassara, Konstanze Döhner, Peter Brossart, Gerhard Held, Katharina Götze, Heinz-A. Horst, Mark Ringhoffer, Claus-Henning Köhne, Stephan Kremers, Aruna Raghavachar, Gerald Wulf, Heinz Kirchen, David Nachbaur, Hans Günter Derigs, Mohammed Wattad, Elisabeth Koller, Wolfram Brugger, Axel Matzdorff, Richard Greil, Gerhard Heil, Peter Paschka, Verena I. Gaidzik, Martin Göttlicher, Hartmut Döhner, Richard F. Schlenk
Journal: Blood (2014)
Breast feeding and intelligence in children
Authors: Sandra W Jacobson, Joseph L Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

they often face hostile attitudes of staff and members of the public. 12 These factors prevent them from taking part in activities as a whole family.Parents frequently report the need for a break from caring.Such a break can provide time for themselves and their partners, and time to spend with their other children.Services that provide short term breaks can reduce mothers' stress, but many families have problems obtaining appropriate services. 13 Children for whom provision is most inadequate include those with complex health needs or with challenging behaviour or autistic spectrum disorders and children from minority ethnic families.How can primary care trusts respond to these issues?Studies of key worker services have consistently shown positive effects on unmet needs and family wellbeing. 14 Key workers are part of the solution to ensuring a more holistic assessment of families' social and economic needs.However, key workers cannot provide access to resources that do not exist in their local area.Thus primary care trusts can have several roles.They can ensure that workers are aware of the needs of disabled children and their families.They can make sure that families are offered a key worker, that families' needs are assessed (by asking questions about the child's sleep patterns, housing problems, and parents' levels of stress, for example), and that appropriate interventions are available in their local area.Primary care trusts can also promote strong multiagency working and commissioning of services for disabled children.They can also ensure that the needs of disabled children and their families are central to the agendas of children's trusts and that housing and leisure agencies are included in plans to meet these needs.
Christopher Jonathan Pearce
Authors: R. Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant clinical biochemist Ipswich Hospital (b Leeds 1948; q Oxford/Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, 1972; FRCP; FRCPath), d 30 December 2002.​2002.




Figure 1




After clinical registrar and senior registrar appointments at Westminster Hospital, Chris Pearce worked in the endocrine research group at the clinical research centre at North-wick Park Hospital. In 1985 he became senior registrar in clinical chemistry at the Royal Liverpool Hospital and in 1990 he was appointed clinical biochemist at Ipswich Hospital, a post that allowed scope for his clinical and biochemical skills. He wrote many papers, particularly on thyroid diseases and thyroid function tests. He leaves a wife, Christine.
SOME ASPECTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION.PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS AT THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 7-10, 1904.
Authors: JOHN H. MUSSER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

It is no trifling occasion that draws together from the uttermost parts of the country one-fifth of an organization of a profession that is taxed to its utmost in the prosecution of its duties. It is not with sounding trumpets and tinkling cymbals that from the sorrowing bedside —whether in the hovel of the poor or the palace of the rich—from the excitement of the operating room, from the stimulus of the hospital ward or the quiet but inspiring haunts of the laboratory this assembly gathers. That it is possible is a handsome tribute to the noble animus in which are embodied a spirit of inquiry, a thirst for knowledge, a longing for inspiration, a desire to uplift and to be uplifted that pervades the profession. The event is one that should be fraught with the dignity, the inspiration, one might almost say solemnity, befitting a symphonal
Obstetrics and Gynaecology In Tudor and Stuart England
Authors: Madeleine Pelner Cosman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Sexual attitudes are dependable indices of a culture's basic assumptions. Often more revealing than its formal philosophy and great art, an era's sexual history demonstrates theory's translation into intimate human action and balances what is known of public palaces, courts, and markets with glimpses of private beds. Eccles' study of 16th- and 17th-century obstetric and gynecologic textbooks, therefore, potentially is important for suggesting the consuming passions of contemporaries of Queen Elizabeth and Shakespeare. Furthermore, sexuality's social history also affects modern patient expectations and behavior. Inherited preconceptions of woman as sexual being, as patient, and as gynecologic practitioner often prove clinically more potent than scientific reasoning for determining fault for barrenness, sexual insufficiency, twinning, miscarriage, or who should deliver the baby. The development of obstetrics as a profession from domination by women to preeminence of "men midwives" is intriguing medical politics. This book's fascinating subject is presented with mystifying infelicities. The
EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE SEX STEROID HORMONE THERAPY IN ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
Authors: B. J. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Intensive therapy with estrogens and androgens is employed in the palliative treatment of advanced cancer of the breast.<sup>1</sup>Since observations of the systemic effects and complications of this therapy may provide a clue to the mode of action of the sex steroids in breast cancer, they may be important. Many effects of sex hormone therapy have been recorded, but additional manifestations not commonly recognized have become prominent and more frequently noted at the higher dosages usually employed in breast cancer. The purpose of this report is to record these reactions and their relative frequency with intensive and prolonged hormone therapy. The duration of treatment varied from a few days to several years. Deleterious reactions occurred early in some patients, necessitating discontinuance of therapy. Thus, effects that might have occurred at later intervals could not be recorded. Most of the patients, however, were treated for a minimum of one month,
Medication Prescribing Errors in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Timothy S. Lesar
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A study of prescribing errors committed by physicians that occurred in a tertiary-care teaching hospital is reported. From a total of 289 411 medication orders written during the 1-year study period, 905 prescribing errors were detected and averted, of which 522 (57.7%) were rated as having potential for adverse consequences. The overall detected error rate was 3.13 errors for each 1000 orders written and a rate of 1.81 significant errors per 1000 orders. The error rate (4.01 per 1000 orders) was greatest between 12 pm and 3:59 pm. First-year postgraduate residents were found to have a higher error rate (4.25 per 1000 orders) than other prescriber classes, and obstetrics/gynecology services (3.54 per 1000 orders) and surgery/anesthesia services (3.42 per 1000 orders) had greater error rates than other services. The study results demonstrate the significant risk to patients from medication prescribing errors. Educational, operational, and risk-management activities should include efforts directed at reducing the risk to patients from prescribing errors.
Intestinal permeability to polyethyleneglycol 600 in Crohn's disease. Peroperative determination in a defined segment of the small intestine.
Authors: G Olaison, P Leandersson, R Sjodahl, C Tagesson
Journal: Gut (1988)

Ileal permeability to different sized polyethyleneglycols (590-942 dalton PEG) was investigated peroperatively in 11 patients with Crohn9s disease and seven with colonic carcinoma. A 15 cm ileal segment was converted into a tied loop, in which the PEG9s were deposited. Absorption from the ileal segment was then measured as six-hour urinary recovery of the PEg dose. Polyethyleneglycol absorption in Crohn9s disease was greater than in cancer patients and similar throughout the weight range, but in the cancer patients it was inversely proportional to molecular weight. Thus there was significantly greater absorption of the higher weights (greater than or equal to 678 dalton) in the Crohn9s, than in the cancer patients. The apparently increased permeability of the small intestine in Crohn9s disease may be an important factor in its pathogenesis.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
Authors: Marvin J. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The conclusion of the report by the Council on Scientific Affairs contains a striking illustration of a problem that should be faced if the American Medical Association is to continue to be considered the prime representative of the medical community. In conclusion the report states that continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is clearly warranted in high-risk pregnancies. It also states that "It is clear that many intrapartum events may occur that might change a low-risk pregnancy to a high-risk one. Therefore, the use of EFM in low-risk pregnancies should not be denied the patient or her physician who might choose that option." The problem is, who should pay for continuous EFM in low-risk pregnancies? If the community accepts responsibility for these costs through government programs or third-party payments, failure to use EFM might well seem foolish to the patient and the physician, particularly since because of the
Protection of the sinus node in Mustard's operation.
Authors: G M El-Said, P C Gillette, D A Cooley, C E Mullins, D G McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The occurrence of dysrhythmias after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries was compared in 70 patients operated upon before and 58 patients operated upon after January 1972 when surgical modifications aimed at preserving the sino-atrial node and its arterial supply were initiated. The surgical modifications included changing the site of the superior vena cava (SVC) cannulation away from the SVC-right atrial junction, incision into the right atrial wall anterior to the sulcus terminalis, and sewing of the superior part of the baffle patch away from the sino-atrial node area. A significant decrease in the incidence of dysrhythmias occurred in the group of patients operated upon after the surgical modifications. The modifications in surgical technique have reduced but not avoided dysrhythmias.
Case 42-1984
Authors: John R. Hesselink, Andrew E. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of CaseA 29-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a lytic skull lesion.She was well until eight months earlier, when she was involved in a motor-vehicle accident and struck her head on the windshield. She did not lose consciousness but subsequently experienced persistent daily occipital headaches. She was seen at another hospital, where x-ray films of the skull (Fig. 1) showed an area of scalloped radiolucency in the left posterior parietal region; no evidence of fracture or unusual calcification was seen.Four months before entry, while combing her hair, she observed a small, tender lump . . .
Decline and Rise of Psychoanalysis-Reply
Authors: Mangesh R. Gaitonde
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> If his contention is "Old order changeth, yielding place to new, and God fulfills Himself in many ways, lest one good custom should corrupt the world," the point is well taken. However, it has become fashionable these days to deprecate the insights that we have gained about human nature as a result of the pursuit of psychoanalysis. The body of psychoanalytic knowledge confirms, from experiences in the clinical field, some of the conclusions that philosophers and religious leaders have suggested about the nature of man, long antedating the freudian era. One of the major contributions of Freud, it seems to me, has been the development of the technique. However, in the process, it created an aura of an etiologic understanding of psychological issues, and the medical world drew the erroneous conclusion that psychoanalysis had a curative potential with regard to human suffering. Another misfortune that seems to
Umbilical Vessel Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography
Authors: LEONARD M. LINDE, STANLEY M. HIGASHINO, GERALD BERMAN, SAMUEL O. SAPIN, GEORGE C. EMMANOUILIDES
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography through the umbilical artery and vein were performed in the first 10 days of life on 50 infants with serious congenital heart lesions. This procedure has been diagnostically effective and presents minimal risk to the critically ill newborn. The methods, effectiveness, advantages, limitations, and complications of this procedure are discussed.
Electrons in Flight — E-Mail between Doctors and Patients
Authors: Tom Delbanco, Daniel Z. Sands
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Phones seem antagonistic these days, [and] I'm not sure I can process health stuff that quickly. With e-mail I can address issues when I have the mental space. I have time to think and shape the question and keep a file. And my doctor . . . helps me think things through. He has really gotten to know me and my evolving circumstance. — A patient in our practiceAlexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, and within decades it was impossible to imagine society without it. E-mail emerged in the early 1970s, and today about 100 million Americans . . .
Effect of iron and ascorbate on uroporphyria in ascorbate-requiring mice as a model for porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Nadia Gorman, Adrian Zaharia, Heidi S. Trask, Juliana G. Szakacs, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Judith M. Jacobs, Dominic Balestra, Jacqueline F. Sinclair, Peter R. Sinclair
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Excess hepatic iron is known to enhance both porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and experimental uroporphyria. Since previous studies have suggested a role for ascorbate (AA) in suppressing uroporphyria in AA-requiring rats (in the absence of excess iron), the present study investigated whether AA could suppress uroporphyria produced by excess hepatic iron. Hepatic URO accumulation was produced in AA-requiring Gulo (−/−) mice by treatment with 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorbiphenyl, an inducer of CYP1A2, and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Mice were administered either sufficient AA (1000 ppm) in the drinking water to maintain near normal hepatic AA levels or a lower intake (75 ppm) that resulted in 70 % lower hepatic AA levels. The higher AA intake suppressed hepatic URO accumulation in the absence of administered iron, but not when iron dextran (300–500 mg Fe/kg) was administered. This effect of iron was not due to hepatic AA depletion since hepatic AA content was not decreased. The effect of iron to prevent AA suppression of hepatic URO accumulation was not observed until a high hepatic iron threshold was exceeded. At both low and high AA intakes, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, was increased three-fold by high doses of iron dextran. MDA was considerably increased even at low iron dextran doses, but without any increase in URO accumulation. The level of hepatic CYP1A2 was unaffected by either AA intake. Conclusion : In this mouse model of PCT, AA suppresses hepatic URO accumulation at low, but not high hepatic iron levels. These results may have implications for the management of PCT. (Hepatology 2007;45:187–194.)
S125 A Comparison Between Weight Supported And Unsupported Exercise On Energy Expenditure And Cardiorespiratory Response During Exercise In Obese Adults With Treated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: R. Evans, T. Dolmage, P. Robles, D. Brooks, R. Goldstein
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Weight loss and improving cardiorespiratory fitness are key treatment outcomes for obese individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). We investigated the total energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory response to weight supported (cycling) and unsupported (walking) at two different intensities. <h3>Methods</h3> Individuals with treated OSA and a BMI &gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer (ICE) and a treadmill (ITM) with expired gas analysis to determine the peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>pk). Participants completed two endurance tests on each modality matched at 80% and 60% of the highest VO<sub>2</sub>pk determined by the incremental tests. The cardiorespiratory responses were measured and total energy expenditure was estimated from the VO<sub>2</sub>. <h3>Results</h3> 16 participants (8 male) completed all six tests: mean [SD] age 57[13]y and median [IQ range] BMI 33.3[30.8 to 35.3]kg·m<sup>-2</sup>. The VO<sub>2</sub>pk on the ITM vs ICE was 2268[574] vs 1775[430]ml·min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Participants endured treadmill walking at 80% and 60% VO<sub>2</sub>pk for four and nearly three times as long, respectively, compared to cycling with similar cardiovascular responses. The pattern of energy expenditure during rest, exercise and recovery at matched intensities (Figure 1) was similar between modalities at matched intensities. Total energy expenditure during treadmill walking was greater than cycling at both high (158[101] versus 29[15]kcal) and moderate (178[100] versus 85[59]kcal) intensities. For a thrice weekly exercise regimen of at least moderate intensity, treadmill exercise would typically result in a total of 388 and 277 kcal/week greater energy expenditure than cycle exercise at 80% and 60% VO<sub>2</sub>pk, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Contrary to current guidelines, walking might be the preferred training modality for achieving the combination of weight loss and increased cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adults with OSA.
Vitamin B2 and Vitamin E In Long-Term Hemodialysis
Authors: Takeshi Ito
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Various metabolites of proteins, vitamins, and drugs are excreted by the kidney or intestines. Vitamin B<sub>2</sub>and its metabolites are usually excreted by the former and vitamin E by the latter route. Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis are usually anuric or oliguric, and vitamin B<sub>2</sub>is automatically removed by the hemodialysis. Our previous investigation showed that the dialysis rate of total vitamin B<sub>2</sub>in vivo using the Kiil dialyzer was 22.1 ± 9.2 ml/min (mean ± SD, n = 6), about one quarter of that of urea or creatinine. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels are the main guidelines for patients receiving hemodialysis. We supposed that the plasma vitamin B<sub>2</sub>content of patients receiving maintenance dialysis would be higher than in normal subjects, but not the vitamin E content. The plasma vitamin B<sub>2</sub>and vitamin E content in these patients were determined
Reactive Oxygen Species–Induced Stimulation of 5′AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Sevoflurane-Induced Cardioprotection
Authors: Regis R. Lamberts, Geert Onderwater, Nazha Hamdani, M. Jumoke A. Vreden, Jeroen Steenhuisen, Etto C. Eringa, Stephan A. Loer, Ger J.M. Stienen, R. Arthur Bouwman
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known regulator of cellular energy status, is also implicated in ischemic preconditioning leading to cardioprotection. We hypothesized that AMPK is involved in anesthetic-induced cardioprotection and that this activation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods and Results— Isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 minutes of global ischemia (I) followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion (I/R). Hearts were assigned to a control group (Con) or a sevoflurane (Sevo) group receiving 3 times 5-minute episodes of sevoflurane (2.5vol%) before I/R. Phosphorylation of both AMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were determined by Western blot analysis. Cardioprotection was assessed after I/R from recovery of left ventricular pressure and from infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining). In the control group, ischemia resulted in a 2-fold increase in phosphorylation levels of AMPK (Con 0.13±0.01 versus Con-I 0.28±0.05, P &lt;0.05), which was sustained after 120 minutes of reperfusion (Con-I/R 0.26±0.02, P &lt;0.05). Sevoflurane preconditioning had no affect on AMPK phosphorylation before ischemia (Sevo 0.12±0.03, P &gt;0.05), but almost doubled the increase in AMPK phosphorylation relative to control after ischemia (Sevo-I 0.48±0.09, P &lt;0.05), an effect that was sustained after reperfusion (Sevo-I/R 0.49±0.12, P &lt;0.05). The AMPK-inhibitor compound C (10 μmol/L) reduced the sevoflurane-mediated increase in phosphorylation of AMPK and its target eNOS and abolished cardioprotection. The ROS-scavenger n-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (1 mmol/L) blunted the sevoflurane-mediated increase in AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation and prevented cardioprotection. Conclusions— Sevoflurane-induced AMPK activation protects the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury and relies on upstream production of ROS.
Delivery of Breech with Extended Legs
Authors: N. B. Hall, H. W. Page
Journal: BMJ (1926)

I MEDICTL JOURSAL.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EI& _O _NA the significance of the viscosimetric-tefractometric findings in various diseases, which it is hoped-may be dealt with in anotlher paper, but that it has a distinct value in-cases of syphilis, cancer, and tuberculosis has been shown by Bircher,'0 9 8 in secondary anaemias and in peritoneal infections by Oehlecker,20 Simon,24 and Siissengutl,25 in pneumonia by Ch.Acliard, Touraine, and St. Girons,2 and by Franklin,'5 and in oedema by Shirley.23I am indebted to Messrs. E. F. Buchi, Hochachtend, Bern, for the loan of the block.
The Deoxyuridine Suppression Test Identifies Subtle Cobalamin Deficiency in Patients Without Typical Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: Ralph Carmel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Four patients had serum cobalamin levels that were initially thought to be falsely low. None of the patients had the typical hematologic and clinical features of cobalamin deficiency and the three so tested had normal cobalamin absorption and/or gastric function. However, the deoxyuridine suppression test result was abnormal in all four cases. The abnormality was improved by adding cobalamin in vitro but, in three of the four cases, was not corrected and, indeed, was made worse by the addition of methyl tetrahydrofolate. These results established metabolically the presence of cobalamin deficiency. The recently improved cobalamin radioassays may be unmasking some atypical and, heretofore, unappreciated cobalamin-deficiency states (only one of our four patients would have come to attention with the older radioassays). These can be identified with the deoxyuridine suppression test, particularly when specific in vitro additives are included. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1284-1287)
Precancers of the Skin: Their Recognition and Management
Authors: M. B. Sulzberger, V. H. Witten
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1952)

The terms â€oe¿ precancerâ€• and â€oe¿ precan cerosisâ€• are admittedly impossible to define in precise scientific fashion.Ob viously, in order to define â€oe¿ precancer,â€• one must first be able to define â€oe¿ can cer.â€•The dread word CANCERmeans many different things to different people.But despite this, it is a generally accepted, useful term.It signifies not a particular disease, but A GROUP OF WIDELY DI VERGENT TYPES OF NEW FORMATIONS.