tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12903: Bendavia (MTP-131), a Mitochondria Targeting Peptide, Normalizes Dysregulation of Mitochondria Fission and Fusion Proteins in Myocardium of Dogs With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Hani Sabbah, Ramesh C Gupta, Kristina Szekely, Mengjun Wang, Kefei Zhang, Vinita Singh-Gupta, Paula Mohyi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Studies of mitochondria (MITO) ultrastructure in heart failure (HF) reveal considerable structural abnormalities along with marked hyperplasia and reduced organelle size. MITO are highly dynamic organelles whose morphology, distribution and activity is regulated by fission and fusion proteins that are also dysregulated in HF. We previously showed that chronic therapy with Bendavia (BEN, MTP-131), a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide, improves LV function in dogs with HF and normalizes MITO respiration and rate of ATP synthesis.   Hypothesis:  This study tested the hypothesis that chronic therapy with BEN in dogs with HF can reverse the dysregulation of MITO fission proteins (Fission-1, Fis1 and Dynamin-Related Protein-1, Drp1) and fusion proteins (Mitofusin-2, Mfn2 and Dominant Optic Atrophy-1, OPA1) in LV myocardium.   Methods:  14 HF dogs were randomized to 3 months therapy with subcutaneous injections of BEN (0.5 mg/kg once daily, HF+BEN, n=7) or saline (HF-Control, n=7). LV tissue was obtained from all dogs at end of therapy and from 6 normal (NL) dogs for comparison. Protein level of Fis1 and Drp1 and of Mfn2 and OPA1 was measured with specific antibodies using Western blotting. In addition Porin, a MITO protein that is unaltered in HF, was also measured as internal control and all bands were quantified in densitometric units (du).   Results:  Results are shown in the table. Porin level was unchanged among the 3 study groups. Compared to NL, levels of Mfn2 and OPA1 were significantly reduced, and levels of Fis1 and Drp1 were significantly increased in HF-Controls. BEN restored protein levels of OPA1, Mfn2, Fis1, and Drp1 to near normal.   Conclusions:  Long-term therapy with BEN reversed the dysregulation of MITO fission and fusion proteins in LV myocardium of dogs with HF. These findings support the observations of improved MITO respiration and rate of ATP synthesis and the improved LV function seen in dogs with HF after chronic treatment with BEN.
Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant death in Indonesia: a double-blind cluster-randomised trial
Authors: A H Shankar, A B Jahari, S K Sebayang,  Aditiawarman, M Apriatni, B Harefa, H Muadz, S D A Soesbandoro, R Tjiong, A Fachry, A V Shankar,  Atmarita, S Prihatini, G Sofia
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Fetal Loss After Cholecystectomy During Pregnancy
Authors: J GREENE, A ROGERS, L RUBIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The histories of 17 patients who had a cholecystectomy during pregnancy were reviewed. All patients were operated upon for clinical recurrent biliary colic. Four patients aborted or had premature labour. It appears that there is an increased risk of fetal loss if cholecystectomy is performed during pregnancy. Because of this, it would appear reasonable to perform the operation only if the exigencies of the situation demand that surgery be done. It should be borne in mind that there may also be an increased fetal loss from recurrent biliary colic treated symptomatically, particularly if cholecystitis and jaundice were to complicate matters further. If operation is performed, the fetal loss rate will likely be in the neighbourhood of 15%.
Abstract 29: Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway Without Evidence of Apoptotic Cell Death after Resuscitation from Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Jeejabai Radhakrishnan, Iyad M Ayoub, Sufen Wang, Julieta D Kolarova, Domenico M Taglieri, Raul J Gazmuri
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract LB-270: Screening of novel phytochemical/s that can protect breast epithelial cells from PhIP induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Ashok K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) is a known food carcinogen abundantly found in cooked meat. Several studies have shown that PhIP can induce tumors in breast, prostate and colon cells and rodent models. Metabolism of PhIP results in the formation of free radicals (ROS) and PhIP metabolites are known to produce DNA adduct and DNA strand breaks. The metabolism and mutational effects of PhIP are well defined. Phytochemicals are known to inhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that the right combination of antioxidants and or phytochemical (naturally present in fruits, vegetables and spices) along with grilled meat should be capable of suppressing the PhIP induced cytotoxicity and development of breast cancer. Therefore, a model system using human breast epithelial cells (MCF 10A) was developed to mimic the cellular changes and test various antioxidants in presence or absence of PhIP. We have tested four vitamins (C, K3, D3, and E), Gingerol (6 and 10), N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione and curcumin at varying concentrations. The protective effect of these compounds was evaluated using cell viability assay, DCF assay to quantify ROS production, Comet assay to quantify the DNA damage and DNA adduct formation by immunofluorescence method. Results indicate that presence of these compounds improves cell viability as compared to PhIP treated group. However, curcumin showed significant differences and PhIP induced cell cytotoxicity was consistently reverted to normal in presence of Curcumin. Gene expression analysis using RT PCR technique indicates that curcumin interact via multi molecular targets. Hence, the present study suggests that Curcumin is a promising natural compound to regress the effect of PhIP induced cell cytotoxicity in breast cells. Citation Format: Ashok K. Jain. Screening of novel phytochemical/s that can protect breast epithelial cells from PhIP induced cytotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-270
Walker Carcinosarcoma 256 Tissue as a Dietary Constituent. III. Sodium as a Factor in Stimulation of Water and Food Intake and Growth in Tumor-Bearing Rats
Authors: Julius White, Jane Nicolet Toal, Florence K. Millar, Robin H. Brooks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Lyophilized tumor tissue used as a source of nitrogen in the diet can stimulate food intake and weight gain in tumor-bearing rats that have reached a weight plateau on a 20 percent casein diet. Water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of lyophilized, defatted Walker carcinosarcoma 256 tissue were prepared, incorporated into diets, and fed to rats bearing Walker 256 tumors. The stimulatory properties of these fractions were compared to those of whole tumor tissue. The water-insoluble fraction produced a delayed stimulation resulting in less eventual body-weight gain but equal tumor weights. A marked stimulation by the water-soluble fraction was observed similar to that of whole tumor. This activity was due to the Na ion content. Increasing the Na content of the C-20 diet by added NaCl resulted in markedly increased water intake, food intake, and weight gain, less adrenal hypertrophy, larger tumors, and increased hydration of the carcass. Whole tumor tissue showed these same effects on a somewhat lower food intake. On a pair-fed basis, whole tumor tissue showed a greater growth stimulation than C-20 + NaCl, which suggests that there may be an additional factor in tumor tissue besides the Na ion.
Abstract P341: Low Antihypertensive Medication Adherence is Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Older Women and Men: Findings from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (CoSMO)
Authors: Marie A Krousel-Wood, Elizabeth W Holt, Cara Joyce, Adriana Dornelles, Rachael Ruiz, Donald E Morisky, Edward D Frohlich, Richard N Re, Larry S Webber, Paul Muntner
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Low adherence to antihypertensive medications is a major contributor to the lack of blood pressure control. However, few data are published on adherence to antihypertensive medications ...
Expression of the prostate type transglutaminase (TGase-4) in clinical prostate cancer
Authors: Wen Jiang, Richard Ablin, Howard Kynaston, Malcolm Mason
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

2659  Introduction  Type 4 transglutaminase (TGase-4, also known as prostate TGase) has been identified as a prostate specific TGase and belongs to the TGase family of calcium dependent enzymes that are capable of forming interprotein lysine bonds and serve to function as signal transduction proteins. The biological role of the prostate TGase-4 in prostate cancer cells is unclear and the expression in prostate cancer remains to be determined. This study sought to determine the level of TGase-4 transcript and protein in human prostate tissues.  Materials and methods  Fresh human prostate tissues were collected immediately after surgery, under the approval of the regional ethical committee. Tissues were subsequently frozen-sectioned and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis of TGase-4. RNA were also prepared from multiple frozen sections. Quantitative analysis of TGase-4 transcript was carried out using quantitative RT-PCR with GAPDH and cytokeratin as the house keeping genes. Levels of TGase-4 transcripts were correlated with the Gleason score, clinical staging and serum PSA. TGase-4 transcripts were also tested in a panel of 6 prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, CA-HPV-10, PZ-HPV-7, PNT1A and PNT2C2). In addition, the presence of the TGase-4 transcript was also tested in a panel of 24 human cancer cell lines.  Results  TGase-4 was seen to be weakly present in the cytoplasm of the prostate epithelial cells, with little membrane staining. Prostate stroma also had a limited degree of staining. In prostate tumour tissues, TGase-4 staining in the cytoplasm was seen to increase. Prostate cancer cell lines showed a pattern of differential expression, with PC-3, CA-HPV and PNT1A showed high level expression. TGase-4 signal was also observed in selected cell lines of non-prostate origins including colorectal cell lines. Levels of the TGase-4 transcrpts were seen to be significantly correlated with serum PSA levels (r=0.457, p 7).  Conclusion   Expression patterns of prostate TGase-4 in prostate tumour tissues may have a clinical implication with regard to disease progression and clinical staging and warrant further investigations.
Optimal Exposure Biomarkers for Nonpersistent Chemicals in Environmental Epidemiology
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Matthew P. Longnecker, Holger M. Koch, Shanna H. Swan, Russ Hauser, Lynn R. Goldman, Bruce P. Lanphear, Ruthann A. Rudel, Stephanie M. Engel, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Robin M. Whyatt, Mary S. Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

We discuss considerations that are essential when evaluating exposure to nonpersistent, semivolatile environmental chemicals such as phthalates and phenols (e.g., bisphenol A). A biomarker should be chosen to best represent usual personal exposures and not recent, adventitious, or extraneous exposures. Biomarkers should be selected to minimize contamination arising from collection, sampling, or analysis procedures. Pharmacokinetics should be considered; for example, nonpersistent, semivolatile chemicals are metabolized quickly, and urine is the compartment with the highest concentrations of metabolites. Because these chemicals are nonpersistent, knowledge of intraindividual reliability over the biologic window of interest is also required. In recent years researchers have increasingly used blood as a matrix for characterizing exposure to nonpersistent chemicals. However, the biologic and technical factors noted above strongly support urine as the optimal matrix for measuring nonpersistent, semivolatile, hydrophilic environmental agents.
The Efficacy of Reducing Agents or Antioxidants in Blocking the Formation of Dense Cells and Irreversibly Sickled Cells In Vitro
Authors: Xunda A. Gibson, Archil Shartava, Jonah McIntyre, Carlos A. Monteiro, Yalin Zhang, Arvind Shah, Naomi F. Campbell, Steven R. Goodman
Journal: Blood (1998)
Imaging of the Aortic Valve Using Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Gergana Marincheva-Savcheva, Sharath Subramanian, Sadia Qadir, Amparo Figueroa, Quynh Truong, Jayanthi Vijayakumar, Thomas J. Brady, Udo Hoffmann, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Serum glucose level and subsequent liver cancer risk in a korean prospective cohort (KMCC)
Authors: Seung-Sik Hwang, Jin Gwack, Kwang-Pil Ko, Hai-Rim Shin, Keun-Young Yoo
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

3706   The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized cadmium as known human carcinogens, i.e., category I compound. Cadmium has been hypothesized as cause for pancreatic cancer. In Louisiana, the high rates of pancreatic cancer match the high levels of cadmium exposure. Rice grown in cadmium-contaminated areas in Louisiana has up to three times the level of cadmium compared to imported rice. A previous case-control study in Louisiana showed a significantly increased risk for pancreatic cancer associated with rice consumption with a dose-response relationship. A pilot case-control study is being conducted in the Acadiana region of south Louisiana to examine the relationship between environmental factors and pancreatic cancer. Fifty-four pancreatic cancer cases and 108 sex, race, and age-group matched population controls were recruited in the study. A urine sample was collected from each of the participants along with structured interview regarding occupation and residential history, life style and dietary factors, sociodemographic factors, and DNA. No proxy interviews were accepted in this study. Urine samples were analyzed for cadmium level as a biomarker of longterm cadmium exposure. This study found that average urinary cadmium level is significantly higher among pancreatic cancer cases compared to healthy controls (1.95 mug/L vs 0.96 mug/L, respectively). A significant association was observed between pancreatic cancer and urinary cadmium level adjusted for urinary creatinine concentration (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.21, 2.09). Cadmium from industrial emissions and fertilizers can be absorbed by plants and vegetables and so be concentrated in the soil. Cadmium has an extremely long biological half-life, ranging from 10 to 30 years in the human body with an average of 15 years. After inhalation and ingestion, cadmium induces metallothionein gene expression in liver and is then released into the circulation bound to metallothionein. The cadmium- metallothionein complex is filtered through the kidneys and reabsorbed by the kidneys or excreted in the urine. The body has no mechanism for excreting excessive amounts of cadmium so cadmium accumulates in tissues. The findings of this study suggest that higher excretory cadmium level is significantly associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Close to 60% of increased risk of pancreatic cancer diagnosis is associated with each unit of urinary cadmium level. Sources of cadmium exposure will be further examined.
Marine natural products are potential source for novel drugs for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Khalid El Sayed, Hassan Shallal, Mudit Mudit, Justine Prestridge, Anbalagan Muralidharan, Shibu Thomas, Girish Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

5533   Prostate Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in Ameria. Although androgen ablation therapy is effective in men with advanced disease for some time, the disease subsequently progresses to lethal, untreatable androgen-independent, metastatic and chemoresistant form. In an attempt to identify novel therapeutic agents for effective treatment of androgen-independent, metastatic prostate cancer, we decided to extract bioactive compounds from marine sponges and screen for potent anti-growth and anti-invasive activities using highly invasive, androgen-independent PC-3M cells as well as other prostate cancer cell lines. Using numerous Red Sea marine sponges and soft corals, and symbiotic microbial extracts we extracted several sipholane triterpenes, latrunculins, hydantoins, cembranoids, diketopiperazines, bromotyrosine analogs, phenolic sessquiterpenes and indole alkaloids. These compounds were isolated using different liquid chromatography techniques including column, vacuum and medium pressure, as well as HPLC. Identification of the structures of these compounds was based on different spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The compounds were then tested for their anti-growth and anti-invasive properties on PC-3M cells in MTT assay, Matrigelâ,,¢-invasion assay and other function-based assays.  Among several compounds tested, we observed that two major classes of compounds, the macrolide latrunculins and the substituted hydantoins, which were isolated from Negombata magnifica and Hemimycale arabica sponges respectively, displayed potent, consistent anti-growth and anti-invasive properties. In order to further increase their anti-growth/anti-invasive activities while reducing their toxicity, we generated rationally-designed semisynthetic products of latrunculins A, and B, and hydantoin analogs. We used a series of reactions such as acetylation, acetalization, N-hydroxymethylation, and allylic oxidation. The resulting compounds significantly increased anti-invasive properties of the parent compounds in in vitro assays using highly invasive PC-3M cells and other cell lines. Several of these derivatives were not cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations, but significantly inhibited tumor growth and invasion through Matrigelâ,,¢. Specifically, some metabolites inhibited invasive activity by almost 90 percent, suggesting these compounds can selectively inhibit metastatic activity of prostate cancer cells. The present results suggest that latrunculins and hydantoins are potentially effective lead compounds for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Moreover, our study provides a rational approach to identify and synthesize novel anti-cancer compounds.
Procedural Results and Safety of Common Interventional Procedures in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: John W. Moore, Robert N. Vincent, Robert H. Beekman, Lee Benson, Lisa Bergersen, Ralf Holzer, Natalie Jayaram, Kathy Jenkins, Yan Li, Richard Ringel, Jonathan Rome, Gerard R. Martin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Selective Factor XIIa Inhibition Attenuates Silent Brain Ischemia
Authors: John W. Chen, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz, Cory Siegel, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Dong-Eog Kim, Marc W. Nolte, Gerhard Dickneite, Ralph Weissleder, Matthias Nahrendorf
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
The McGill Cancer Nutrition and Rehabilitation Program
Authors: M. R. Chasen, M. Eades, M. Jelowicki, S. Amdouni, R. Sharma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9623 Background: Cancer rehabilitation is a process that assists the individual with cancer to obtain optimal physical, social, psychological, and vocational functioning within the limits created by the disease and treatment. The McGill Cancer Nutrition and Rehabilitation (CNR) program developed as a result of the ever-increasing demand to address the individual cancer patients and their needs, as well as on achieving optimal tumour-related outcomes. Methods: To assess the effect of an interdisciplinary 8-week rehabilitation program on the functional outcomes of patients with advanced cancer. Sixty-five patients were assessed prior to and following an 8-week interdisciplinary cancer rehabilitation program consisting of medical, nursing, physiotherapy and nutritional interventions. All patients were evaluated with the Edmonton Symptom assessment Score (ESAS), Distress thermometer (DT), Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Simmonds Functional Assessment Tool and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). A paired t-test comparing patient’ pre and posttest scores was used. Results: Thirty three male and 32 female participants were enrolled. Their median age was 57 years (25 to 80). Their cancer diagnoses were: gastro-esophageal (20%), hepatobiliary (19%), breast (17%), hematological (12%), lung, ENT and sarcoma (9% each), colorectal (3%) and CNS lymphoma (2%) There was a significant improvement after an 8-week cancer rehabilitation program in strength (p=. 02), appetite (p&lt; 0.001), nausea (p&lt; =0.02), nervousness (p&lt; 0.001) sleepiness (p=0.01), shortness of breath (p=0.02), depression (p&lt; 0.001), DT (p&lt; 0.001), total PG-SGA score (p&lt; 0.001) and 6MWT (p=0.001). Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that participation in a cancer rehabilitation program ameliorates symptoms and global distress resulting in an increase in physical activities. We can conclude that participation in the Cancer Rehabilitation Program is beneficial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Specialization in General Practice
Authors: J T Hart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Ideas about general practitioner specialism may have been hampered in the past because of the three models of general practitioner specialism - in the hospital service, the fee-earning specialoid or the general practitioner obstetrician - none of which is satisfactory.However, general practitioner specialism can be justified in guaranteeing standards by concentrating groups of patients, accepting responsibility, and planning care. Medico-political changes may be needed to achieve improvement in clinical standards.