tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Role of Thromboxane Receptors β Isoform in Bladder Cancer Pathogenesis
Authors: Omar Moussa, Anthony W. Ashton, Mostafa Fraig, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Mohamed A. Ghoneim, Perry V. Halushka, Dennis K. Watson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract These studies were undertaken to determine the potential role of thromboxane receptors (TP) in bladder cancer. The data reported herein show that expression of the TP-β receptor protein is increased in tissue obtained from patients with bladder cancer and associated with a significantly poorer prognosis (P &amp;lt; 0.005). Bladder cancer cell lines express the TP-β isoform, unlike immortalized nontransformed urothelial cells (SV-HUC) that express only the TP-α isoform. TP-β receptor expression, but not TP-α, promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and also resulted in malignant transformation of SV-HUC cells in vivo. Agonist-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and FAK was dependent on the expression of TP-β. Furthermore, TP-β mediated multiple biological effects by signaling through either G-protein α subunit 12 or β-arrestin 2. Treatment of mice with the TP receptor antagonist GR32191, alone or in combination with cisplatin, significantly delayed tumor onset and prolonged survival of mice transplanted with TCC-SUP bladder cancer cells compared with vehicle or cisplatin alone. These results support the model that the TP-β receptor isoform plays a unique role in bladder cancer progression and its expression may have predictive value and provide a novel therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4097–104]
Multiple Sclerosis Disease Progression and Paradichlorobenzene
Authors: Richard M. Hession, Vibhash Sharma, Daniel E. Spiegel, Christine Tat, Daniel George Hwang, Marisara Dieppa, Zakraus Mahdavi, Ellen Marder, Olaf Stüve
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Environmental factors are thought to be critical in the initiation and perpetuation of multiple sclerosis disease activity.We describe the case of a woman in her late 30s with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, who continued to accumulate neurological disability despite long-term natalizumab treatment. The patient continued to have visual symptoms, left leg weakness, and gait instability. In addition, she subacutely developed an encephalopathy. Our investigations revealed that the patient had a long-standing history of chewing on toilet bowl deodorizing cakes. The main ingredient in this product is 99.9% paradichlorobenzene, which is also used in mothballs.This case illustrates that environmental causes for neurological deterioration should be investigated in patients with multiple sclerosis who display a rapidly progressive disease course and in whom potent pharmacotherapies fail. One possible cause is the ingestion of paradichlorobenzene-containing mothballs and toilet cleaners.
Differential expression of specific microRNA and their targets in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Giuseppe Cammarata, Luigi Augugliaro, Domenico Salemi, Cecilia Agueli, Maria La Rosa, Lea Dagnino, Gabriele Civiletto, Francesca Messana, Anna Marfia, Maria Grazia Bica, Lucia Cascio, Pietro Michele Floridia, Angelo M. Mineo, Mario Russo, Francesco Fabbiano, Alessandra Santoro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the most common acute leukemia in adults is characterized by various cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. However, the genetic etiology of the disease is not yet fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs which regulate the expression of target mRNAs both at transcriptional and translational level. In recent years, miRNAs have been identified as a novel mechanism in gene regulation, which show variable expression during myeloid differentiation. We studied miRNA expression of leukemic blasts of 29 cases of newly diagnosed and genetically defined AML using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for 365 human miRNA. We showed that miRNA expression profiling reveals distinctive miRNA signatures that correlate with cytogenetic and molecular subtypes of AML. Specific miRNAs with consolidated role on cell proliferation and differentiation such as miR‐155, miR‐221, let‐7, miR‐126 and miR‐196b appear to be associated with particular subtypes. We observed a significant differentially expressed miRNA profile that characterizes two subgroups of AML with different mechanism of leukemogenesis: core binding factor (CBF) and cytogenetically normal AML with mutations in the genes of NPM1 and FLT3‐ ITD. We demonstrated, for the first time, the inverse correlation of expression levels between miRNA and their targets in specific AML genetic groups. We suggest that miRNA deregulation may act as complementary hit in the multisteps mechanism of leukemogenesis offering new therapeutic strategies. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a retrospective multicentric study
Authors: A Andriani, M T Petrucci, T Caravita, M Montanaro, N Villivà, A Levi, A Siniscalchi, V Bongarzoni, F Pisani, M De Muro, U Coppetelli, G Avvisati, A Zullo, A Agrillo, D Gaglioti
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used intravenously to treat cancer-related conditions for the prevention of pathological fractures. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a rare complication reported in 4–15% of patients. We studied, retrospectively, 55 patients with multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia followed up from different haematological departments who developed BRONJ. All patients were treated with BPs for bone lesions and/or fractures. The most common trigger for BRONJ was dental alveolar surgery. After a median observation of 26 months, no death caused by BRONJ complication was reported. In all, 51 patients were treated with antibiotic therapy, and in 6 patients, this was performed in association with surgical debridement of necrotic bone, in 16 with hyperbaric O2 therapy/ozonotherapy and curettage and in 12 with sequestrectomy and O2/hyperbaric therapy. Complete response was observed in 20 cases, partial response in 21, unchanged in 9 and worsening in 3. The association of surgical treatment with antibiotic therapy seems to be more effective in eradicating the necrotic bone than antibiotic treatment alone. O2 hyperbaric/ozonotherapy is a very effective treatment. The cumulative dosage of BPs is important for the evolution of BRONJ. Because the most common trigger for BRONJ was dental extractions, all patients, before BP treatment, must achieve an optimal periodontal health.
Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Hyperlipidemia in the Presence of Diabetes
Authors: Steven A. Grover, Louis Coupal, Hanna Zowall, Marc Dorais
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The objective of this study was to estimate the long-term costs and benefits of treating hyperlipidemia among diabetic patients with and without known cardiovascular disease after validating the Cardiovascular Life Expectancy Model. Methods and Results —The model estimates were compared with the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and used to estimate the long-term costs and benefits of treatment with simvastatin. Simulations were performed for men and women, 40 to 70 years of age, having pretreatment LDL cholesterol values of 5.46, 4.34, and 3.85 mmol/L (211, 168, and 149 mg/dL). We forecasted the long-term risk of cardiovascular events, the need for medical and surgical interventions, and the associated costs in 1996 US dollars. The model validated well against the observed results of the of the 4S diabetic patients. In this validation, the model estimates fell within the 95% confidence interval of the observed results for 7 of the 8 available end points (coronary deaths, total deaths, and so forth). Treatment with simvastatin for patients with cardiovascular disease is cost-effective for men and women, with or without diabetes. Among diabetic individuals without cardiovascular disease, the benefits of primary prevention were also substantial and the cost-effectiveness ratios attractive across a wide range of assumptions (≈$4000 to $40 000 per year of life saved). These conclusions were robust even among diabetics with lower baseline LDL values and smaller LDL reductions as observed in the Cholesterol and Recruitment Events (CARE) trial. Conclusions —Among adults with hyperlipidemia, the presence of diabetes identifies men and women among whom lipid therapy is likely to be effective and cost-effective even in the absence of other risk factors or known cardiovascular disease.
Toward Better Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Emily J. Erbelding, Jonathan M. Zenilman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Proper clinical and public health treatment of patients with gonorrhea or chlamydial infection must include the treatment of their sexual partners. Such partners are often asymptomatic and, unless treated, will reinfect the index patient or spread infection to others. A traditional approach has been to deploy members of the health department field staff to notify exposed sex partners and bring them (at times literally) in for treatment. However, many health department resources are strained by the increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and emerging threats, such as bioterrorism. Given these challenges and staffing shortages, health departments in many . . .
How quickly can haemoglobin A1 increase?
Authors: R D Leslie, D A Pyke, P N John, J M White
Journal: BMJ (1979)

19postoperative scores, and the units are not comparable across categories.All of the patients who had a left-sided procedure showed some degree of improvement in verbal abilities, while both the patients who had a rightsided operation in whom visual perception was tested showed improvement in this function.
MPs criticise £0.9bn PFI scheme for failing to consult doctors
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Failure to consult doctors and nurses at an early stage was partly to blame for the demise of a plan for an £894m (€1.4bn; $1.7bn) privately funded hospital in west London, MPs have ruled. 

The ambitious private finance initiative (PFI) plan to unite three hospitals—Royal Brompton Hospital, Harefield Hospital, and St Mary's, Paddington—into one state of the art campus foundered when, five years into the project, capital costs were set to rise exponentially. 

The plan originally submitted to the Department of Health in 2000 was for a £411m scheme (at 2005 prices). But the proposed final cost by 2005 was £894m. By then, when the …
PRMT1 interacts with AML1-ETO to promote its transcriptional activation and progenitor cell proliferative potential
Authors: Wei-Jong Shia, Akiko J. Okumura, Ming Yan, Ali Sarkeshik, Miao-Chia Lo, Shinobu Matsuura, Yukiko Komeno, Xinyang Zhao, Stephen D. Nimer, John R. Yates, Dong-Er Zhang
Journal: Blood (2012)
Antagonistic Effects of Physostigmine and Methylphenidate in Man
Authors: DAVID S. JANOWSKY, JOHN M. DAVIS, M. KHALED EL-YOUSEF, H. JOSEPH SEKERKE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe the antagonistic effects of physostigmine, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and methylphenidate, an amphetamine-like stimulant, on manic and schizophrenic patients. In both patient groups, physostigmine increased behavioral inhibition and decreased behavioral activation; patients displayed symptoms that are characteristic of psychomotor inhibition. Methylphenidate had the opposite effect of increasing activation and decreasing inhibition. Treatment with each drug antagonized the effects of the other. In the schizophrenic patients, physostigmine prevented and reversed the meththylphenidate-induced symptoms of psychosis. In manic patients, physostigmine decreased and methylphenidate increased manic symptoms.
Abstract 1312: Comparative pharmacokinetics of diethylstilbestrol from oral suspension and oral dissolving film (ODF)
Authors: Roland Ako, Shi-Ming Tu, Diana Chow
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the comparative pharmacokinetics of diethylstilbestrol (DES) from oral suspension and oral dissolving film (ODF). DES is a non-steroidal estrogen that has been used in the treatment of both androgen dependent and androgen-independent prostatic cancinoma. However the use of DES to treat advanced prostate cancer was severely limited in the 1980s, because of its thrombogenic side effects common to all estrogens, which are thought to be due to their metabolism in the liver. This metabolism or first pass effect induces the production of proteins associated with the coagulation and fibrinolysis processes, which results in thrombosis and other side effects depending on a patients baseline coagulation-to-fibrinolysis balance. ODF-DES has a potential of bypassing the first pass metabolism minimizing the induction of the coagulation and fibrinolysis proteins. Methods: The study was performed using 7-week-old male Sprague- Dawyley rats. Under light ketamine and xylazine anesthesia, rats were orally given 1 mg of DES suspension in a 1 ml volume, or topically applied 1 mg of ODF-DES to the buccal cavity. The film was cut into two pieces of 1 cm × 2 cm each and applied to the inner cheeks on each side. Blood samples (250 µl) were collected from the jugular vein up to 30 hr in both cases. DES was extracted from the blood samples using ethyl acetate and analyzed by a validated LC-MS/MS assay. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of DES from oral suspension and ODF-DES were derived using the WinNonlin software. The peak time (tmax) was significantly longer (6.67 ± 2.31 vs 2.16 ± 1.42 hr), and peak concentration (Cmax, 25.82 ± 8.73 vs 6.84 ± 2.45 ng/ml) and systemic exposure (AUC, 213.76 ± 73.09 vs 55.98 ± 3.99 ng h/ml) of ODF-DES were significantly higher with p-values of 0.05, 0.02, and 0.020, respectively than those from oral suspension. Conclusion: ODF delivery of DES has been demonstrated to improve the bioavailability of DES, by yielding a significantly higher systemic exposure and peak concentration. Further evaluations of ODF-DES are in order to establish the potential merit of the delivery system to reduce the induction of thrombogenic proteins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1312
Becoming a Doctor, Starting a Family — Leaves of Absence from Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Reshma Jagsi, Nancy J Tarbell, Debra F Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Colleagues offered congratulations when Mike and Anya announced that they were expecting a baby — due a few months before their expected graduation from residency programs in radiology and family medicine. Both had plum jobs lined up across the country, where grandparents could help with child care.Mike's radiology program director told him he could take 8 weeks of parental leave and that the American Board of Radiology would exempt him from making up this time. Mike's fellow residents were relieved that the extra on-call responsibility would not be distributed among them but rather would be covered by moonlighters. Unfortunately, . . .
The Ongoing Regulation of Generic Drugs
Authors: Richard G. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Richard Frank on the ongoing regulation of generic drugs. (06:57)Download Today, generic drugs account for 63% of all U.S. prescriptions for drugs (see Figure 1). Since generic drugs sell at substantially lower prices than their brand-name counterparts, they save consumers and purchasers of prescription drugs tens of billions of dollars per year. Moreover, their expanded role has been linked to an attenuation of overall price increases for prescription drugs. Between 2007 and 2010, roughly 110 drugs will lose their patent protection — including well-known products such as Norvasc (amlodipine), Imitrex (sumatriptan), Fosamax (alendronate), and Risperdal (risperidone). Estimates suggest that these 110 drugs are currently responsible for $50 billion a year in . . .
Genome-wide association study identifies 19p13.3 (UNC13A) and 9p21.2 as susceptibility loci for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Michael A van Es, Jan H Veldink, Christiaan G J Saris, Hylke M Blauw, Paul W J van Vught, Anna Birve, Robin Lemmens, Helenius J Schelhaas, Ewout J N Groen, Mark H B Huisman, Anneke J van der Kooi, Marianne de Visser, Caroline Dahlberg, Karol Estrada, Fernando Rivadeneira, Albert Hofman, Machiel J Zwarts, Perry T C van Doormaal, Dan Rujescu, Eric Strengman, Ina Giegling, Pierandrea Muglia, Barbara Tomik, Agnieszka Slowik, Andre G Uitterlinden, Corinna Hendrich, Stefan Waibel, Thomas Meyer, Albert C Ludolph, Jonathan D Glass, Shaun Purcell, Sven Cichon, Markus M Nöthen, H-Erich Wichmann, Stefan Schreiber, Sita H H M Vermeulen, Lambertus A Kiemeney, John H J Wokke, Simon Cronin, Russell L McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Katsumi Fumoto, R Jeroen Pasterkamp, Vincent Meininger, Judith Melki, P Nigel Leigh, Christopher E Shaw, John E Landers, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Robert H Brown, Wim Robberecht, Peter M Andersen, Roel A Ophoff, Leonard H van den Berg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Environmental Lessons from China: Finding Promising Policies in Unlikely Places
Authors: Justin V. Remais, Junfeng Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Alongside the major health risks posed by environmental pollution in China are recent achievements on several environmental issues that have affluent Western nations racing to catch up. The country has propelled itself to a position of leadership in clean energy and efficiency, for instance, with important consequences for public health.Objectives: We comment on China’s challenges and recent accomplishments in addressing environmental problems from domestic pollution to global climate change. We compare China’s commitment to clean energy technology with that of other leading nations and discuss key achievements in other areas, including vehicle efficiency standards and transportation policy.Discussion: We discuss policy directions that would secure much-needed improvements to environmental quality and health in China, along with actions that could motivate global action on issues of energy conservation and pollution reduction.Conclusions: A comprehensive regulatory and institutional framework for environmental policy is within reach in China but will require addressing major hurdles such as the lack of an independent monitoring mechanism and the need for greater transparency and enforcement in environmental matters. Meanwhile, China can continue to set important examples by investing in renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
Recombinant Antibodies to an Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Epitope Induce Rapid Regression of Atherosclerosis in Apobec-1−/−/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor−/−Mice
Authors: Alexandru Schiopu, Björn Frendéus, Bo Jansson, Ingrid Söderberg, Irena Ljungcrantz, Zufan Araya, Prediman K. Shah, Roland Carlsson, Jan Nilsson, Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Corporations Sans Humor
Authors: Raymond G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Inhibitory effects of galanin on growth hormone (GH) release in cultured GH-secreting adenoma cells: Comparative study with octreotide, GH-releasing hormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Authors: Andrea Giustina, Giorgio Ragni, Angelo Bollati, Renato Cozzi, Massimo Licini, Claudio Poiesi, Sergio Turazzi, Carlo Bonfanti
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
The Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Authors: Hamilton S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section of The Journal (200:1138, 1967) the discussion on treatment of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome contains the following:The literature of ten years ago contains reference to local sympathetic block; I have had no experience with this form of treatment and would be most reluctant to use it.Dr. Levine is to be commended for his frankness. However, lack of familiarity with a technique is no reason to infer that it is of no practical usefulness.In my experience, the use of nerve block—and sympathetic block is only one of several which may be applied in this situation—in conjunction with proper physiotherapy can be a very effective method of treatment for shoulder-hand syndrome resulting from a number of insults, coronary artery disease being one. Indeed, this may be an effective treatment after others have failed, which would seem to have been the
Detection of a rare splice acceptor site mutation (IVS I nt 130 G→C) of the β globin gene in 3 patients of Eastern India
Authors: A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bandyopadhyay, U.B. Dasgupta, S. Chandra, M.K. Das
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

With Non-Hodgkin's LymphomaTo the Editor: Chlorambucil is an oral alkylant agent that is widely used for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease.Myelosuppression is the most common adverse effect.Seizures are rarely reported as another form of acute toxicity.We report a case that highlights this potential complication when chlorambucil is associated with prednisone.