tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROGRESS IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: HENRY S. PRITCHETT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The foundation has continued its work in medical education by the publication during the past summer of Mr. Flexner's carefully prepared study of medical education in England, Germany and France. This forms an almost necessary supplement to the study of medical education in the United States and Canada, published two years earlier. The interest which has been displayed in this last bulletin, not only on this side of the water, but in England and in Germany, has been most gratifying. Following the suggestion of a number of those most actively interested in medical education and medical practice in Germany, an edition of the bulletin will be printed in German. The comment on this publication from those directly concerned with American medical education has well illustrated the widely separated points of view which now hold among those dealing with this matter. By one critic the defects pointed out in foreign medical
Risk Factors for Hip Fracture
Authors: Cyrus Cooper, David J.P. Barker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Hip fractures are among the most important causes of ill health and death among elderly people. Of white North American women 50 years of age, 17.5 percent will have a hip fracture during their remaining lifetime,1 as will 6 percent of white men of similar age. These fractures will contribute substantially to the 2 million person-years of functional impairment and $45 billion in direct medical costs attributable to osteoporosis in the next 10 years.2 In this issue of the Journal, Cummings and colleagues report the results of a large prospective cohort study in which a wide range of risk factors . . .
Primary isolated hepatic oval cells maintain progenitor cell phenotypes after two-year prolonged cultivation
Authors: Ping Wang, Min Cong, Tian-Hui Liu, Ai-Ting Yang, Rui Cong, Peng Wu, Shu-Zhen Tang, Yong Xu, Hui Wang, Bao-En Wang, Ji-Dong Jia, Hong You
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Efficacy of Varenicline Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy vs Varenicline Alone for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Coenraad F. N. Koegelenberg, Firdows Noor, Eric D. Bateman, Richard N. van Zyl-Smit, Axel Bruning, John A. O’Brien, Clifford Smith, Mohamed S. Abdool-Gaffar, Shaunagh Emanuel, Tonya M. Esterhuizen, Elvis M. Irusen
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Behavioral approaches and pharmacotherapy are of proven benefit in assisting smokers to quit, but it is unclear whether combining nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with varenicline to improve abstinence is effective and safe. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining varenicline and a nicotine patch vs varenicline alone in smoking cessation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a 12-week treatment period and a further 12-week follow-up conducted in 7 centers in South Africa from April 2011 to October 2012. Four hundred forty-six generally healthy smokers were randomized (1:1); 435 were included in the efficacy and safety analyses. <h3>Interventions</h3> Nicotine or placebo patch treatment began 2 weeks before a target quit date (TQD) and continued for a further 12 weeks. Varenicline was begun 1 week prior to TQD, continued for a further 12 weeks, and tapered off during week 13. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Tobacco abstinence was established and confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide measurements at TQD and at intervals thereafter up to 24 weeks. The primary end point was the 4-week exhaled carbon monoxide–confirmed continuous abstinence rate for weeks 9 through 12 of treatment, ie, the proportion of participants able to maintain complete abstinence from smoking for the last 4 weeks of treatment, as assessed using multiple imputation analysis. Secondary end points included point prevalence abstinence at 6 months, continuous abstinence rate from weeks 9 through 24, and adverse events. Multiple imputation also was used to address loss to follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> The combination treatment was associated with a higher continuous abstinence rate at 12 weeks (55.4% vs 40.9%; odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.19-2.89;<i>P</i> = .007) and 24 weeks (49.0% vs 32.6%; OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.25-3.14;<i>P</i> = .004) and point prevalence abstinence rate at 6 months (65.1% vs 46.7%; OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.32-3.43;<i>P</i> = .002). In the combination treatment group, there was a numerically greater incidence of nausea, sleep disturbance, skin reactions, constipation, and depression, with only skin reactions reaching statistical significance (14.4% vs 7.8%;<i>P</i> = .03); the varenicline-alone group experienced more abnormal dreams and headaches. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Varenicline in combination with NRT was more effective than varenicline alone at achieving tobacco abstinence at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and at 6 months. Further studies are needed to assess long-term efficacy and safety. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01444131
A Sex Difference in the Prevalence of Antibodies to Cytomegalovirus
Authors: James P. Luby
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Complement fixation antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were determined for 195 nonwhite persons residing in a circumscribed community in Dallas. Complement fixation antibody titers ≥ 1:8 were encountered in 45.1% of the sample. There was a progressive increase in CMV antibody prevalence with age. In each age group studied and particularly during the child-bearing years (15 to 44), the prevalence of CMV antibody was greater in women. Overall, CMV antibody rates for women (55.0%) differed significantly from those found for men (32.6%) (P
Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Eli N. Perencevich, Didier Pittet
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Antarctica, the doctor is healer, handyman &amp; wide-eyed tourist
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Truthfulness and Personal Disclosure in the Physician–Patient Relationship
Authors: Abha Agrawal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters21 October 2008Truthfulness and Personal Disclosure in the Physician–Patient RelationshipAbha Agrawal, MDAbha Agrawal, MDFrom Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I agree that physicians must be truthful to earn the trust of their patients, and that trust is the bedrock of a healthy physician–patient relationship. This is precisely the reason for my distress with the patient interaction I described.However, the issue of patient and physician perception in regard to sexual orientation is complicated. A 1994 national survey of gay and lesbian physicians revealed that 67% felt they “would jeopardize their practices if their colleagues learned they are lesbian, gay, or bisexual” and 75% felt they “would jeopardize their practices if their patients learned they are lesbian, gay, ...References1. Schatz B, O'Hanlan KA. Anti-gay discrimination in medicine: Results of a national survey of lesbian, gay, and bisexual physicians. San Francisco: Gay and Lesbian Medical Association; 1994. Google Scholar2. Lee RS, Melhado TV, Chacko KM, White KJ, Huebschmann AG, Crane LA. The dilemma of disclosure: patient perspectives on gay and lesbian providers. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23:142-7. [PMID: 18043983] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Druzin P, Shrier I, Yacowar M, Rossignol M. Discrimination against gay, lesbian and bisexual family physicians by patients. CMAJ. 1998;158:593-7. [PMID: 9526472] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Abha Agrawal, MDAffiliations: From Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLies to a Patient Abha Agrawal Truthfulness and Personal Disclosure in the Physician–Patient Relationship David Lewis Truthfulness and Personal Disclosure in the Physician–Patient Relationship Dean Blakeley Truthfulness and Personal Disclosure in the Physician–Patient Relationship David R. Fulp Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: 593-594KeywordsBisexualsConflicts of interestDisclosureEmotionsFearHealth care providersHealth surveysHuman sexual behaviorPerception ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Abolishes Medial Smooth Muscle PDGF-AB Biosynthesis and Attenuates Cell Proliferation in Injured Carotid Arteries
Authors: James Wong, Claudia Rauhöft, Rodney J. Dilley, Alex Agrotis, Garry L. Jennings, Alex Bobik
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background ACE inhibitors can attenuate the development of intimal fibrocellular lesions after balloon catheter vessel injury, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Methods and Results To evaluate how basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms are affected by ACE inhibition in injured rat carotid arteries in relation to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, we examined the effects of oral perindopril on FGF-2 and PDGF isoform levels in carotid arteries 2 days after balloon catheter injury. [ 3 H]Thymidine incorporation into medial and intimal SMCs was also assessed. Uninjured vessels contained two forms of FGF-2, with molecular weights of 18 and 22 kD, and PDGF-AA. Two days after injury, FGF-2 and PDGF-AA levels were markedly reduced, but high levels of PDGF-AB became apparent when the SMCs were proliferating. Perindopril completely abolished the biosynthesis of PDGF-AB but had little effect on residual FGF-2. This was accompanied by a 25% reduction in medial SMC proliferation. Neointimal cell proliferation 10 days after injury was unaffected by perindopril, although neointima size was reduced by 30%. Commencing perindopril treatment 4 days after the injury confirmed that early events associated with effects on medial SMCs were the major contributors to the attenuated neointimal lesions. Conclusions The ability of ACE inhibitors such as perindopril to attenuate neointima formation and growth in balloon catheter–injured rat carotid arteries is dependent on early events in the media, the inhibition of SMC PDGF-AB biosynthesis and attenuation of proliferation. Neointima formation in similarly injured vessels containing SMCs that are either unresponsive to PDGF-AB or exhibit an ACE-independent profile of growth factor biosynthesis responses may account for the ineffectiveness of ACE inhibition in some species.
Abstract B47: New role for α-catenin family member α-catulin in squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis.
Authors: Christine Cao, Yibu Chen, Rizwan Masood, Uttam Sinha, Agnieszka Kobielak
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The capacity of tumor cells to produce metastases is the main features of malignant tumors and the main causes of death for cancer. Squamous cell cancers comprise the most common types of human epithelial cancers. One subtype, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is a particularly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and metastasis. Here we find that in vivo, the α-catenin homologue — α-catulin, is highly expressed at the tumor invasion front and in the metastatic streams of cells in both malignant human HNSCCs and a mouse model of oral SCC. Knockdown of α-catulin in hHNSCC cell lines dramatically decrease the migratory and invasive potential of those cells in vitro and metastatic potential in xenotransplants in vivo. Analysis of tumors deficient in α-catulin showed that the tumor cells are unable to invade the surrounding stroma. Accordingly, transcriptional profiling of those tumors revealed that α-catulin ablation is accompanied by changes in genes involved in cell migration and invasion. In vitro an upregulation of α-catulin expression correlates with the transition of tumor cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal morphology, as well as an upregulation of EMT markers vimentin and snail. Overall, these results strongly indicate that α-catulin contributes to the invasive behavior of metastatic cells, and may be used as a prognostic marker and future therapeutic target for cancer patients. Citation Format: Christine Cao, Yibu Chen, Rizwan Masood, Uttam Sinha, Agnieszka Kobielak. New role for α-catenin family member α-catulin in squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis.. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B47.
Causes of the Excessive Rates of Perinatal Mortality and Prematurity in Pregnancies Complicated by Maternal Urinary-Tract Infections
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The study was undertaken to determine the causes of the more frequent pre-term deliveries, fetal and neonatal deaths associated with maternal urinary-tract infections during pregnancy. The combined perinatal mortality rate for eight common placental and fetal disorders was 42 per thousand births in the infected vs. 21 per thousand in the noninfected, owing to a greater mortality from noninfectious placental and fetal disorders in the gestations with the urinary-tract infections (P<0.001). All the mortality excess took place when the urinary-tract infections occurred within 15 days of delivery. Death rates were highest when the urinary-tract infections coexisted with maternal hypertension and acetonuria. Hydramnios, amniotic-fluid bacterial infections and abruptio placentae were responsible for two thirds of the more frequent preterm deliveries in the pregnancies complicated by urinary-tract infections. (N Engl J Med 300:819–823, 1979)
Drug for Alzheimer's disease is of little benefit, study shows
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Donepezil (Aricept), a cholinesterase inhibitor approved by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, neither slows the onset of the disease nor delays the need for patients to be taken into care, a study published in the Lancet has found (2004;363; 2105-15).

The five year, double blind, randomised controlled trial conducted by the University of Birmingham and funded …
Antiviral Activity of Human OASL Protein Is Mediated by Enhancing Signaling of the RIG-I RNA Sensor
Authors: Jianzhong Zhu, Yugen Zhang, Arundhati Ghosh, Rolando A. Cuevas, Adriana Forero, Jayeeta Dhar, Mikkel Søes Ibsen, Jonathan Leo Schmid-Burgk, Tobias Schmidt, Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju, Takashi Fujita, Rune Hartmann, Sailen Barik, Veit Hornung, Carolyn B. Coyne, Saumendra N. Sarkar
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Soft Tissue Extremity Abscess An Atypical Appearance on Ga-67 Scan
Authors: GARY J. NOVETSKY, LEONARD BERLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Ga-67 detection of an abscess within the soft tissue of an extremity is presented. The scintigraphic image is atypical, having a cold center and hot rim. A physiologic mechanism is proposed to explain its appearance.
The Diagnosis of Nervous and Mental Diseases.
Authors: Howell T. Pershing, P. Blakiston's Son, Co.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Criteria for Operability and Resectability in Lung Cancer
Authors: Eugene E. Clifton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The establishment of criteria for treatment of carcinoma of the lung, especially operability and resectability, is particularly difficult because of the rapid progress in the field of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia. What would have been well accepted criteria of inoperability 15 to 20 years ago no longer hold, and those of today may be in doubt in a few years. Criteria also vary from group to group, among individual surgeons, and, indeed, for the same surgeon from time to time depending on his recent experience. Everyone has seen cases refused surgery at one institution or even within the same institution patients operated on by another surgeon, resected, and apparently cured at least for the accepted five or ten years. The reverse is equally true of the patient who is in good health, who seems to have an early lesion that is almost certainly resectable, and who is found
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Status in Circulating Free DNA in Serum: From IPASS, a Phase III Study of Gefitinib or Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Koichi Goto, Yukito Ichinose, Yuichiro Ohe, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Shunichi Negoro, Kazuto Nishio, Yohji Itoh, Haiyi Jiang, Emma Duffield, Rose McCormack, Nagahiro Saijo, Tony Mok, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A Long-Term Evaluation of the Postexercise Electrocardiogram in the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease.
Authors: L. F. Parmley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968A Long-Term Evaluation of the Postexercise Electrocardiogram in the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease.L. F. Parmley, M.D., F.A.C.P., T. W. Mattingly, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. A. Orbison, M.D., F.A.C.P.L. F. Parmley, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, T. W. Mattingly, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. A. Orbison, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1160_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1952 a prospective study was initated at Walter Reed General Hospital to determine if a postexercise electrocardiogram stress test could detect latent coronary artery disease in the clinically normal individual. A retrospective study following extensive use of this exercise test in preceding years had established the electrocardiogram (EKG) criteria of ST segment straightening and depression of over 0.5 mm as indicative of myocardial ischemia and called "ischemic depression" (ID). T-wave changes and ST segment junctional depression were believed due to other than coronary artery disease and called "nonischemic depression" (NID). Three hundred male Army officers, 100 in each of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1160-1160KeywordsElectrocardiographyExerciseIschemiaProspective studiesRetrospective studiesStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Karl M. Johnson, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

When chick embryo tissues cultivated for 13 days in Hanks's balanced salt solution (BSS) were infected with psittacosis virus (6BC), they did not support active viral multiplication until synthetic medium 199 of Parker (3) was added. By testing various combinations of the substances in this and other synthetic media, it was found that the minimum number of compounds required to effectively stimulate virus growth in the presence of BSS comprised the amino acids and water-soluble vitamins found in medium 199. Addition of either amino acids or water-soluble vitamins alone to BSS resulted in only slight stimulation of viral proliferation. Many constituents of the synthetic media were found not to be essential to the stimulation of viral multiplication. The following substances added to a medium containing amino acids and water-soluble vitamins in BSS failed to increase the quantity of virus produced: diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN), triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN), coenzyme A, the fat-soluble vitamins, ribose sugars, and three biological reducing agents: cysteine, glutathione, and ascorbic acid. Among other substances that proved to be not essential a group of purines and pyrimidines present in medium 199 were found to be probably toxic to cells in the concentrations used, since virus titers were lower in media containing these compounds than in those from which they were absent. A change in the nutritional status of these cells involving amino acids and water-soluble vitamins has thus permitted to transform a latent, undetectable viral infection to an inactive infection in vitro.