tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scalp discoloration from selenium sulphide: revisiting a report of terra firma-forme dermatosis of the scalp
Authors: D.R. Berk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, A distinctive pattern of red‐brown scalp discoloration has recently been described in six children due to the usage of various selenium sulphide‐containing shampoos.1 In light of this report, I believe that the interesting Clinical Cameo by Mallari and Sinclair2 describing a 4‐year‐old child with striking red discoloration in a patch of alopecia areata represents this selenium sulphide staining phenomenon rather than the diagnosis of terra firma‐forme dermatosis given by the authors. First, the red‐brown discoloration in the article's figures matches very well with the colour I've seen due to selenium sulphide‐containing shampoos and has never been convincingly shown to occur in any other entities. Secondly, the red‐brown discoloration in the case described by Mallari and Sinclair has never been reported specifically in terra firma‐forme dermatosis (even though it is thought to be a relatively common, under‐reported dermatosis), including in a recent series of over 30 patients with terra firma‐forme dermatosis from my institution.3 Furthermore, location on the scalp would be unusual for terra firma‐forme dermatosis. Moreover, terra firma‐forme dermatosis has otherwise never been reported in a patch of alopecia areata. Finally, the finding of (complete or partial) lesion removal with alcohol swabbing (but not soap and/or water) is not specific for terra firma‐forme dermatosis, but instead has been described in other disorders of retention hyperkeratosis (such as confluent and reticulated papillomatosis and acanthosis nigricans)4, 5 as well as selenium sulphide shampoo‐associated discoloration.1 In summary, I believe it is instructive to revisit the case of Mallari and Sinclair and that clinicians maintain selenium sulphide staining in the differential diagnosis of unusual scalp discoloration, especially in children.
Sarcomatoid Proliferative Disease in a Wild Population of Blue Mussels (&lt;italic&gt;Mytilus edulis&lt;/italic&gt;)
Authors: C. Austin Farley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

A previously undescribed disease, probably "neoplastic" was discovered in 10 of 100 mussels (Mytilus edulis) taken from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, on two occasions. The disease was not recognized on gross inspection, but was strikingly evident on histologic examination. Differences among the 10 specimens were relatively minor and were interpreted to reflect varying degrees of advancement of the same process in all 10. The morbid anatomical changes consisted of focal and diffuse collections of unusually large, generally round or ovoid cells of mesenchymal origin, possibly representing atypical hemocytes. The nuclei of atypical cells were 2–4 times larger than those of normal hemocytes. Binucleate cells suggesting asynchronous division were common. Nuclear chromatin was finely reticulated and 1–5 nucleoli were usually in interphase nuclei. Cytoplasm was scant and pale staining, and cell membranes were indistinct. Atypical cells collected mainly in the vesicular connective tissues and in hemolymph sinuses of muscle and mantle tissues. Dividing cells within the atypical aggregates appeared to contain excessive numbers of chromosomes, probably in polyploid ranges, although exact karyotypes could not be determined in sections. Tripolar and tetrapolar figures were observed, as well as division showing displaced groups of chromosomes. These findings suggested aneuploidy as well as varying degrees of polyploidy in the atypical cell populations. Mussels with heavy and widely disseminated populations of atypical cells exhibited emaciation, weakness, and degenerative changes in atypical cells indicating fatal outcome. Classification of the disease will depend on more definite establishment of the origin of the atypical cells and on more comprehensive information concerning the etiology, course, and outcome of the disorder.
Collection of House Dust for Analysis of Mite Allergens.
Authors: H. Mosbech, P. Lind
Journal: Allergy (1986)

To assess allergen-reducing effect of dust collection from mattresses, patients were asked to vacuum clean the entire surface of their mattresses for 5 min with their household cleaners at specified intervals ranging from 1-21 days. Ten patients performed four collections, nine patients only two. Amounts of dust, concentrations and amounts of major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp42), Dermatophagoides microceras (Dm6), and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df6) were determined. The first sampling caused a statistically significant reduction in the absolute amounts of allergens in a following sample. The same tendency was seen in dust weight but not in concentrations of allergens. At intervals of 1 or 3 weeks no consistent changes could be registered. Differences were small and good reproducibility of the sampling and analysing procedure could be assumed. Since the self-administered procedure is much cheaper and easier to handle than sampling done by technicians with special equipment, it can be recommended for sequential analysis of allergen exposure.
Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk Factors by Histologic Category
Authors: Jay H. Lubin, William J. Blot
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Assessment of Lung Cancer Risk Factors by Histologic Category Get access Jay H. Lubin, Jay H. Lubin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Blot William J. Blot Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 2, August 1984, Pages 383–389, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.2.383 Published: 01 August 1984 Article history Received: 25 November 1983 Accepted: 16 March 1984 Published: 01 August 1984
Isolation and Characterization of a Lymphatic Leukemia Virus in the Friend Virus Complex&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. A. Steeves, R. J. Eckner, M. Bennett, E. A. Mirand, P. J. Trudel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

A lymphatic leukemia virus (LLV), indigenous to Friend virus (FV) preparations that also contain spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), was isolated free of detectable SFFV. SFFV was removed by 4 serial passages of FV in newborn rats, by 1 blind passage through newborn C57BL mice, or by endpoint dilution. LLV induced lymphatic leukemia, with predominantly splenic and hepatic involvement, and the pathogenicity of LLV was inversely related to host age. Early responses to LLV infection included moderate splenic enlargement, transient viremia (as detected by the ability of LLV to supply a helper function for defective SFFV), and transient depression of humoral immunity. LLV is antigenically related to a virus of similar origin (Rowson-Parr virus) and has a titer apparently exceeding that of SFFV in FV stocks. We conclude that FV preparations contain a helper virus that induces lymphatic leukemia in the absence of SFFV.
Pulmonary brucellosis detected during treatment of active tuberculosis in a patient with operated lung cancer (Case report)
Authors: Muhammed Emin Akkoyunlu, Yasemin Akkoyunlu, Ismail Necati Hakyemez, Fatma Erboy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Brusellosis is a disease with rare manifestation of pulmonary involvement. Difficulties in diagnosis is seen because pulmonary involvement is uncommon and symptoms are nonspesific. In our case a patient with pulmonary malignancy first had a diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis, then pulmonary brucellosis was detected by tests performed because of clinical deterioration during treatment. The patient with diagnosis with pathologic stage II epidermoid carcinoma was admitted with complaints of cough, sputum, fever and night sweats. Acido-fast bacili (AFB) was detected on sputum examination. Anti-tuberculosis treatment is started. The symptoms regressed and patient was transferred to tuberculosis dispensary. In fourth month of therapy patient came with coughing, fatigue, night sweat, weight loss and fever. Fibronodular infiltration in right lower zone was detected in chest x-ray. Sputum AFB was negative. Bronchoscopy was performed. AFB was negative in bronchial lavage, biopsy was nondiagnostic. Blood culture was repeated and in second week proliferation (gram negative coccobacil) was detected. Bronchoscopy was repeated with suspect of brucellosis and brucella agglutination in bronchial lavage was found 1/320. It has been diagnosed as pulmonary brucellosis. Streptomycine+doxycycline treatment was started. Clinical recovery was seen after treatment. Radiological recovery was seen in second week of treatment. Diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma and tuberculosis had concealed diagnosis of pulmonary brucellosis. In conclusion especially in endemic regions, patients referring with nonspesific symptoms that cannot be explained, brucellosis should be taken account.
Liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy in bronchial brushings and washings
Authors: Beata Olejnicka, Annika Dejmek, Agneta Westman, Nooreldin Zendehrokh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and aims: Bronchial cytology (BC) is well established in the diagnosis of lung cancer but some cases remain equivocal. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy and increase the sensitivity for malignancy in BC. The study was conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of CytoRichRed (CRR) fixed Tripath preparations with conventional smears (CS) from bronchial brushings (BB) and bronchial washings (BW).

Methods: BB and BW from 61 patients, subjected to fiberoptic bronchoscopy were studied. BW specimens were split into two equal parts, one part was fixed in CRR and prepared according to the TriPath protocol, one part was ethanol-fixed and stained according to Papanicolaou. BBs were smeared onto slides, air-dried and Giemsa-stained, then brushes were rinsed in CRR and the cellular suspensions were processed according to the Tripath technique. Slides were evaluated in a blinded fashion and cytological diagnoses were compared with “true” diagnoses, based on histology and clinical data.

Results: In all 575 and 244 CS and 61 and 61 CRR/Tripath slides were prepared from the BB and the BW, respectively. CS diagnoses agreed in 57/61 cases. In the four discrepant cases the conventional/CRR diagnoses were atypia/benign, benign/atypia (malignancy favoured), benign/equivocal, atypia (reactive favoured)/benign. All four cases turned out to be malignant.

Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy did not differ between conventional and CRR/Tripath preparations, Our results indicate that LBC using CCR/Tripath can replace CS, significantly reducing work load and cost.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in a paediatric setting; changes in epidemiology and clinical presentation
Authors: Mia Johanna Søndergaard, Dennis Schrøder Hansen, Inger Merete Jørgensen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Denmark was struck by two consecutive Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) epidemics, peaking in the autumn of 2010 and 2011 respectively. In the paediatric ward of a regional hospital we observed in daily clinic, more young children tested positive for MP as well as more cases of extra pulmonary complications in the second season.

The purpose was to investigate, whether changes in epidemiology and clinical presentation of MP could be documented and to increase the diagnostic precision of MP.

Data collected on all children investigated for MP (by PCR) at the paediatric ward, Hillerod Hospital during two periods 01.02.2010–31.01.2011 and 01.02.2011–31.01.2012 were evaluated. For the children tested positive for MP medical histories were systematically reviewed. A total of 132 children were included. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. The study was approved by the Danish Central Ethical Committee.

The number of positive samples was 48 (of 388) in the first period and 84 (of 360) in the second, with a significantly higher rate of positive samples in the later period. Our observation of more children younger than 5 years, diagnosed with MP in the later period was confirmed although only as a trend. We also found that infants were referred earlier after onset of symptoms then older children. Conversely older children tended to have longer hospitalizations then younger. Results of pulmonary and extra pulmonary symptomatology will be presented.

The MP epidemic in 2010 and 2011 increased during the study period. An increasingly amount of young children were affected by MP. Changes in age specific clinical presentations are discussed to optimize diagnostic tools.
The genetics of ulcerative colitis based on one Swede Reply
Authors: J J HARDING, J SATSANGI, D P JEWELL
Journal: Gut (1998)

found a median delay of 17 weeks from the onset of symptoms to a definitive histological diagnosis in patients with gastric cancer.Use of an open access endoscopy service reduced this delay.There was no correlation between the delay in diagnosis and tumour stage or the success of potentially curative resection.The prognosis for gastric cancer is poor.To detect early gastric cancer, patients should be examined before the onset of dyspeptic symptoms.Fortunately, gastric cancer is rare in the Western world and epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer have decreased considerably.Screening people for gastric cancer before the onset of symptoms is therefore not feasible.Early detection of gastric cancer is not yet possible, and focusing attention on patients with a history of serious gastrointestinal symptoms may be of little value.
Nocturia is an independent predictive factor of prevalent hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Marie Destors, Renaud Tamisier, Marc Sapene, Yves Grillet, Jean-Philippe Baguet, Philippe Richard, Janie Girey-Rannaud, Sonia Dias-Domingos, Francis Martin, Bruno Stach, Bruno Housset, Patrick Levy, Jean-Louis Pepin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale: Nocturia a common complaint in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) patients is linked in the general population, to an increased risk of cardio-vascular co-morbidities, in particular hypertension and mortality. The specific role of nocturia in OSA-related hypertension has not been studied.  Objective: To determine in a prospective clinical cohort of OSA patients whether nocturia was an independent predictor of hypertension after adjustment for confounders.  Methods: OSA patients participating in the French national prospective registry were included. Anthropometric data, medical history, OSA severity and nocturia were included in multivariate analysis to determine independent variables associated with prevalent hypertension.  Results: 22,674 OSA patients were included, 11,332 were hypertensive. Prevalence of hypertension among OSA patients was about 1.3 times higher in patients suffering from nocturia, since 61.45% of hypertensive patients had nocturia versus 46.52% among non-hypertensive OSA. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between hypertension and the severity of nocturia, with a dose-response pattern: nocturia 1 versus 0: OR=1.284 (95%CI=1.184; 1.393), nocturia 2 versus 0: OR=1.270 (CI95%=1.175; 1.372), nocturia 3 versus 0: OR=1.422 (95%CI=1.293; 1.565) and nocturia 4 versus 0: OR=1.575 (95%CI=1.394; 1.781)  (Figure 1) .  Conclusion: Nocturia is an independent predictor of hypertension in OSA patients.
Relation between bacteremia and septic shock in patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ane Uranga, Alberto Capelastegui, Pedro Pablo Espana, Rosa Díez, Rafael Zalacaín, Luis Alberto López, Amaia Bilbao, Ana Patricia Martínez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Bacteremia by pneumococco has been traditionally associated with poor outcomes.

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess whether bacteremia was related to septic shock in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and to identify risk factors.

Methods : A prospective and observational study was carried out in 2 hospitals. We analysed cases with pneumococcal pneumonia from a cohort of hospitalized patients. We compared patients with pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia with those with non-bacteremic. Then, the presence of septic shock was compared between two groups by means of logistic regression model. Once patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia were selected, multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with shock, while the AUC was used to measure the predictive ability.

Results: We analyzed 891 patients with positive blood cultures, of which 399 (44.8%) had bacteremic pneumonia. There were no differences between both groups. Adjusted analysis showed a greater likelihood of septic shock among patients with pneumococcal bacteremia (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.5; p=0.006).

Figure 1 shows risk factors for septic shock.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions: Bacteremic patients showed more frequently septic shock. pH <7.35, multilobar involvement, respiratory rate ≥ 30, drinking habit and altered mental status were identified as predictors for septic shock with a high predictive accuracy.

 [1]: pending:yes
Stimulating Influence of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on Immunity to Polyoma Tumors and Spontaneous Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul Lemonde, Robert Dubreuil, Andrée Guindon, Gilles Lussier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

In C3Hf mice immunized with polyoma virus, the resistance to syngeneic transplantation of polyoma tumors was enhanced when bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was given before the virus: The incidence of tumors was reduced, and the survival time of tumor-bearing animals was prolonged. In a similar experiment with hamsters, the results were concordant: Tumors were smaller, their growth was slower, and metastases were less frequent in animals given BCG before the virus. In AK mice that received BCG before the injection of a small number of syngeneic leukemic cells, the incidence of spontaneous leukemia was decreased and death from leukemia was significantly retarded. When cells from spleen and lymph nodes of donor mice immunized with polyoma virus were mixed with polyoma tumor cells and the mixture was implanted into syngeneic mice, neoplastic cells were inhibited: The incidence of tumors was much less, the tumors appeared later and developed more slowly, and death occurred later than in controls, as expected. When the spleen and lymph node cells were obtained from donor mice that had received BCG, the number of such cells was almost 3 times as large as that from mice not given BCG. This increased number was largely accounted for by reticuloendothelial cells or macrophages. Thus apparently the antineoplastic effect of BCG is due to a stimulation of immune responses to tumor-specific antigensi it may be achieved through an increase in the number of cells involved in immune processes, particularly of reticuloendothelial cells.
Treatment of central and obstructive sleep apnea in stable heart failure patients with auto-servo ventilation reduces sleep fragmentation - A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Michael Arzt, Frederic Series, Keir Lewis, Amit Benjamin, Pierre Escourrou, Ruth Luigart, Christoph Birner, Michael Pfeifer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: It is of debate, whether treatment of central sleep apnea (SA) reduces sleep fragmentation. Therefore, we tested, whether auto-servo ventilation (ASV, BiPAP-ASV, Philips Respironics) reduces sleep fragmentation in heart failure (HF) patients with severe central or obstructive SA.

Methods: 42 patients with HF (age 66±9y, LVEF <40%) and SDB (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI 48±19/h, 51% central SA) were randomized to either ASV (n=21) or optimal medical treatment alone (control, n=21). Polysomnography (PSG) and 5 days of actigraphy with centralized scoring by blinded raters were obtained at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results: In the ASV-group AHI and central AHI were significantly suppressed compared to the control-group (-40±16 versus -1±13/h, p 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions: ASV-treatment significantly improves sleep fragmentation similarly in HF-patients with either central or obstructive SA. These effects were associated with a modest increase of daytime activity duration.
Reduction in systemic inflammation by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD
Authors: Eduardo Marquez-Martin, Francisco Ortega Ruiz, Elena Campano, Carmen De la Horra, Jose Manuel Varela, Enrique Calderón
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

PURPOSE:  Roflumilast is a targeted oral once-daily administered phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with clinical efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that has anti-inflammatory properties in both airways and lung parenchyma. However, if roflumilast is able to reduce systemic inflammation in COPD patients remains speculative.   METHODS:  In a post-marketing surveillance study, 21 men and one woman with severe COPD age 69.4 ± 7.7 years, received 500 mg roflumilast once daily for 12 weeks. Serum samples were collected before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Markers of inflammation were determined in serum samples using commercially available multiplex sandwich ELISA array (SearchLight, Billerica, MA, USA). Spirometry was performed at the start of roflumilast treatment and after 12 weeks.   RESULTS:  Roflumilast significantly reduced the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 (16.6 ± 10 pg/ml vs 12.8 ± 9.5 pg/ml, p = 0.02). Levels of soluble IL-2 (5.3 ± 9.5 pg/ml vs 7.5 ± 10.2 pg/ml, p= 0.36), IL-4 (0.07 ±0.1 pg/ml vs 0.06 ± 0.1 pg/ml, p= 0.49)), IL-10 (1.3 ± 1.6 pg/ml vs 1.04 ± 1 pg/ml, p= 0.2) and IL-13 (1.2 ± 2.3pg/ml vs 1 ± 2.3 pg/mg, p= 0.67) were not affected by treatment. FEV1 remained stable during roflumilast treatment (831.14 cc ± 239.6 vs 873.55 cc ± 237.8, p= 0.11).   CONCLUSIONS:  PDE4 inhibition by roflumilast treatment for 12 weeks reduced systemic inflammatory activity in patients with COPD.