tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of adult asthma: is the diagnosis relevant?
Authors: P Littlejohns, S Ebrahim, R Anderson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory symptoms was studied in all adults aged 40-70 years in a group general practice. A respiratory symptoms screening questionnaire was sent to 2387 men and women, of whom 1444 (85% of those who had not moved or died) responded. The 509 subjects reporting symptoms were sent a detailed questionnaire and invited to have their respiratory function tested. Of these, 324 (64%) responded, of whom 256 (79%) had spirometry. A diagnosis of chronic bronchitis was reported by 3.9% of the men and 2.1% of the women, and a diagnosis of asthma by 4.7% of the men and 3.3% of the women. Wheezing in the preceding year was reported by 18% of the men and 15% of the women, and 16.7% of the men and 7.1% of the women satisfied the Medical Research Council criteria for chronic bronchitis. Bronchodilator treatment was being taken by 12% of the patients with symptoms, regular cough linctus by 10%, and regular antibiotics by 5%. After the frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms had been controlled for wheezing patients reporting a diagnosis of asthma were prescribed bronchodilatory drugs three times more often than those labelled as having chronic bronchitis and 12 times more often than those without a diagnostic label. Eleven per cent of general practitioner consultations resulted in a referral to hospital. Referral was unrelated to the diagnosis given, but depended on the degree of respiratory disability and handicap experienced by the patient. Our findings confirm the relevance of the diagnostic label to the drug management of chronic wheezing disorders, but further investigation of the diagnostic process is needed to establish why some patients with severe wheeze remain untreated.
Place of Mass Radiography in Relation to Lung Cancer in Men
Authors: E. Posner, L. A. McDowell, K. W. Cross, G. P. Bardsley, A. G. Evans, J. T. Hutchison, R. J. Posner
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The value of miniature radiography for the detection of " early " or resectable lung cancer is a subject of consider- able and persistent controversy.The problem was viewed optimistically in the earlier days in the United States (Over- holt and Schmidt, 1949; Guiss, 1952; Rigler, O'Loughlin, and Tucker, 1953), but even then few authors shared Overholt's (1953) opinion: "This common cancer is the most detectable of all internal cancers.With the use of chest screening and present treatment methods, it can be the most curable of all internal cancers."In contrast, Bignall (1959) concluded that the majority of lung cancers are undetectable by any kind of radiography when they are small or so-called " early," and Shanks and Kerley (1962) cast doubts on the justification of large-scale mass- radiography surveys for the detection of lung cancer.In a previous paper we have shown that there is a higher resectability rate in cases found by unselective radiography than in those detected by other means, but the small numbers discovered at routine surveys, and in some instances the lack of adequate control groups, made statistical evaluation very difficult (Posner, McDowell, and Cross, 1959).Our work has been confirmed by others (Brett, 1959;Young, 1959;Cuthbert, 1959; Host, 1960).Furthermore, some of the studies here and in the United States (Posner et al., 1959; Boucot, Horie, and Sokoloff, 1959; Boucot, Cooper, and Weiss, 1961) showed that only a small proportion of cases detected by routine radiography were truly asymptomatic or " silent."An analysis of the contribution of miniature radiography to case-finding generally, and especially to the detection of early cases," must take into account that during the past decade the emphasis of mass radiography in England and Wales has shifted from the conventional periodical routine surveys in factories and areas to selective radiography of special groups.The most important of these groups is the one in which patients, the majority of whom have symptoms, are referred to the x-ray units by their general practitioners.Congquently, the majority of lung-cancer cases detected by miniature radiography in recent years originated from this group.During the past two years 55% of the 4,300 malignant pulmonary neoplasms in men came from general practitioners' referrals (Ministry of Health, 1961, 1962).Birmingham Region Investigation Heasman (1961) believes that only 10% of all new cases are diagnosed with the help of miniature radiography and only half of that proportion at routine surveys.In the area of the Birmingham Regional Hospital Board the registra- tion of cancer mortality and morbidity is now of a very high standard (Ministry of Health, 1961), and it is known that in 1959 miniature-radiography units contributed 394
Methacrylamide–oligolactates as building blocks for targeted biodegradable polymeric micelles to deliver photosensitizers
Authors: C.J.F. Rijcken, M. Leemhuis, J-W. Hofman, F. van Zeeland, A. Ramzi, C.F. van Nostrum, W.E. Hennink
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Association of Hypogonadism and Estradiol Levels with Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Men from the Framingham Study
Authors: Shreyasee Amin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Both hypogonadism and low estrogen levels adversely affect bone health in young men. In elderly men, who are at greatest risk for osteoporotic fracture, the influence of hypogonadism on bone mineral density remains unclear, as does the relative effect of estrogen status compared to hypogonadism. Objective: To examine the relation of hypogonadism and estrogen status to bone mineral density in elderly men. Design: Community-based, prospective cohort study. Setting: Framingham, Massachusetts. Patients: Male participants of the Framingham Study. Measurements: Total testosterone, total estradiol, and luteinizing hormone were measured in participants at all four biennial examinations from 1981 to 1989. Values from at least three of four examinations were averaged. Hypogonadism was defined as a mean testosterone level less than 10.4 nmol/L (<3.0 ng/mL) or a mean luteinizing hormone level of 20 IU/L or greater. An alternate definition of hypogonadism based only on a mean testosterone level less than 10.4 nmol/L (<3.0 ng/mL) was also used. In 1988–1989, bone mineral density was measured at the proximal femur (femoral neck, Ward triangle, and trochanter) and lumbar spine by using dual-photon absorptiometry and at the radial shaft by using single-photon absorptiometry. The association of hypogonadism with bone mineral density was examined with adjustment for confounders, including estradiol levels. A similar model that adjusted for hypogonadism was used to examine the association of estradiol level (ranked as quartiles) with bone mineral density. Results: Of 448 men with bone mineral density measurements, 405 had evaluable hormone levels (mean age, 75.7 years [range, 68 to 96 years]); 71 (17.5%) of the 405 men were hypogonadal. Bone mineral density at any site did not significantly differ in hypogonadal men compared with eugonadal men (for example, bone mineral density at the femoral neck was 0.89 g/cm2 vs. 0.87 g/cm2, respectively; P > 0.2), even when alternate definitions of hypogonadism were used. In contrast, compared with the lowest estradiol quartile, men with higher estradiol levels had greater mean bone mineral density at all sites (for example, bone mineral density at the femoral neck was 0.84 g/cm2, 0.88 g/cm2, 0.86 g/cm2, and 0.91 g/cm2 from the lowest to the highest estradiol quartile; P for trend = 0.002). The difference in mean bone mineral density between men in the lowest and those in the highest estradiol quartile levels was similar to the effect of 10 years of aging on bone mineral density. Conclusions: In elderly men, hypogonadism related to aging has little influence on bone mineral density, but serum estradiol levels have a strong and positive association with bone mineral density.
Explaining the unexplainable
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

As a white coated hospital doctor I had nursing support, blood test results, and radiology results for all patients. But when I started in general practice there were no nurses, no bloods, and no radiographs. Just me in a demob suit, a broken thermometer, and a stethoscope prop. I struggled to cope with 10 minute appointments as the list of possible differentials scrolled in my mind. I saw potential pathology in every consultation because everything was vague—neurology, chest pains, headaches, aches and pains, dizziness, bladder symptoms, and fatigue. The history never hung together and …
Albumin Dialysis With a Noncell Artificial Liver Support Device in Patients With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Faouzi Saliba, Christophe Camus, François Durand, Philippe Mathurin, Alexia Letierce, Bertrand Delafosse, Karl Barange, Pierre François Perrigault, Magali Belnard, Philippe Ichaï, Didier Samuel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Albumin dialysis with the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) (Gambro, Lund, Sweden), a noncell artificial liver support device, may be beneficial in acute liver failure (ALF). Objective: To determine whether MARS improves survival in ALF. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00224705) Setting: 16 French liver transplantation centers. Patients: 102 patients with ALF. Intervention: Conventional treatment (n = 49) or MARS with conventional treatment (n = 53), stratified according to whether paracetamol caused ALF. Measurements: 6-month survival and secondary end points, including adverse events. Results: 102 patients (mean age, 40.4 years [SD, 13]) were in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. The per-protocol analysis (49 conventional, 39 MARS) included patients with at least 1 session of MARS of 5 hours or more. Six-month survival was 75.5% (95% CI, 60.8% to 86.2%) with conventional treatment and 84.9% (CI, 71.9% to 92.8%) with MARS (P = 0.28) in the mITT population and 75.5% (CI, 60.8% to 86.2%) with conventional treatment and 82.9% (CI, 65.9% to 91.9%) with MARS (P = 0.50) in the per-protocol population. In patients with paracetamol-related ALF, the 6-month survival rate was 68.4% (CI, 43.5% to 86.4%) with conventional treatment and 85.0% (CI, 61.1% to 96.0%) with MARS (P = 0.46) in the mITT population. Sixty-six of 102 patients had transplantation (41.0% among paracetamol-induced ALF; 79.4% among non–paracetamol-induced ALF) (P < 0.001). Adverse events did not significantly differ between groups. Limitation: The short delay from randomization to liver transplantation (median, 16.2 hours) precludes definitive efficacy or safety evaluations. Conclusion: This randomized trial of MARS in patients with ALF was unable to provide definitive efficacy or safety conclusions because many patients had transplantation before administration of the intervention. Acute liver failure not caused by paracetamol was associated with greater 6-month patient survival. Primary Funding Source: Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris.
Steatorrhoea due to Dissecting Aneurysm of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
Authors: F. Clark, S. M. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABDIxmSHE 965tumour three months after orchidectomy and two years after first noticing a testicular enlargement.The second twin bad a right orchidectomy for a seminoma at the age of 31, and was alive and well four and a half years later.Domrich (1939-40) reported testicular embryonal carcinomas occurring in identical twins, one of whom died at the age of 35, three months after orchidectomy.We observed two brothers, identical twins, who bore a remarkable likeness to each other in that they were both cryptorchids and developed seminomas in the fifth decade of their lives.
Low-Dose Sodium Nitrite Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia and Vascular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Human Models
Authors: Thomas E. Ingram, Alan G. Fraser, Robert A. Bleasdale, Elizabeth A. Ellins, Andrei D. Margulescu, Julian P. Halcox, Philip E. James
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Unusual Causes of I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Uptake in Non-neural Crest Tissue
Authors: TIFHA HORNE, BENJAMIN GLASER, YODPHAT KRAUSZ, DVORA RUBINGER, KEITH E. BRITTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Three patients with clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma were studied with metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with I-123 or I-131. In these three patients, marked uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was demonstrated in tissues that were subsequently proven not to be of neural crest origin. Furthermore, extensive biochemical evaluations and long-term followup definitively excluded pheochromocytoma in all three. Therefore, these three cases represent unexpected "false-positive" MIBG uptake.
Hippocrates, Galen, and Synovia
Authors: GERALD P. RODNAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 May 1972Hippocrates, Galen, and SynoviaGERALD P. RODNAN, M.D., THOMAS G. BENEDEK, M.D.GERALD P. RODNAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS G. BENEDEK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-834_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since completing our paper on the early history of synovia (1), we have discovered the following passage from Galen's commentaries on Hippocrates (2), which contains what appears to be the earliest reference to clinical examination of the joint fluid.Hippocrates: One must perform an examination when there is no pus in the joints to find what is in them. Galen: Sabinus [apparently a contemporary of Galen] has written thusly. However, most transcribe these words according to the following text: "One must perform an examination whether there is not pus in the joints to find what is in...References1. RODNAN G, BENEDEK T, and PANETTA W: The early history of synovia (joint fluid). Ann Intern Med 65:821-842, 1966 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GALEN : Hippocratis Epidemiarum Librum VI. Commentaria 1-VIII edited by WENKEBACH E, PFAFF F. Academiae Litterarum, Berlin, 1956, p. 483 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD P. RODNAN, M.D.; THOMAS G. BENEDEK, M.D.Affiliations: School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCLINICAL AND LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF SYNOVIAL FLUID IN THE JOINT DISEASES DIAGNOSTICS. PART 1Volume 5 References 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 834-835KeywordsSynovial fluid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Soundings author apologises
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

E-DITOR—To quote a fellow Soundings columnist from a few years back, “I'm in trouble this week, and deservedly so.”Two weeks ago I tackled a sensitive issue in an insensitive way: writing—on the basis of a range of observations over the years, but no very deep scholarship—about issues that may arise for and around people in medicine with Asperger's syndrome.1

A …
F-18-FDG-PET/CT Imaging of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Katie Jones, Rathan M. Subramaniam, David K. Durnick, Patrick J. Peller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Small cell carcinoma of the colon is a rare entity, comprising only 1.5% of all colon cancers. It is an aggressive neoplasm with rapid local progression and early metastasis. We present a case report of F-18 FDG PET/CT features of small cell carcinoma arising in the ascending colon of an 86-year-old woman who presented with anemia and melena. FDG PET/CT demonstrated a small, intense focus of FDG hypermetabolism in the cecum. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma, described in the salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, rectum, gallbladder, uterus, kidney, and skin, has a poor prognosis when involving the gastrointestinal tract.
Common variation of IL28 affects gamma-GTP levels and inflammation of the liver in chronically infected hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Hiromi Abe, Hidenori Ochi, Toshiro Maekawa, C. Nelson Hayes, Masataka Tsuge, Daiki Miki, Fukiko Mitsui, Nobuhiko Hiraga, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Waka Ohishi, Koji Arihiro, Michiaki Kubo, Yusuke Nakamura, Kazuaki Chayama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
ASSESSMENT OF UNEXPLAINED CARDIOMYOPATHY: CLINICAL UTILITY OF DELAYED-ENHANCEMENT CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPARED TO ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
Authors: Irina Sobol, Evelyn Horn, Abiola Dele-Michael, Fay Lin, Madeline Yushak, Fahmida Islam, Parag Goyal, Jonathan Weinsaft
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prescribing for sportsmen in training.
Authors: P L Thomas, K G Dickinson, D A Cowan, C G Clough
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Multiple subaxial subluxation of the cervical spine occurs predomi- nantly in patients with inflammatory joint disease, usually rheuma- toid arthritis, or after trauma.We describe a woman who developed multiple subaxial cervical subluxation and cervical myelopathy in the absence of inflammatory disease.
Effect of fatty acids on lipid and apoprotein secretion and association in hepatocyte cultures.
Authors: W Patsch, T Tamai, G Schonfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Increasing availability of free fatty acids (FFA) to liver results in enhanced rates of secretion of triglycerides in lipoproteins. However, as FFA uptake increases, triglyceride secretory rates reach a plateau and esterified fatty acids accumulate intracellularly, suggesting that something is limiting lipid transport out of the liver. One possibility could be the limited availability of apoproteins. To test this hypothesis, primary rat hepatocytes in culture were incubated with increasing amounts of FFA (0-2.1 mumol/dish) and the amounts of lipids and apoproteins inside the cells and in culture media were measured; the latter by specific radioimmunoassays. Media also were fractionated on Sepharose 2B and 6B columns and the elution profiles of apoproteins were obtained. With exposure to increasing amounts of free fatty acids, hepatocytes took up more fatty acids and intracellular levels of triglycerides rose (from 71 to 146 micrograms/mg cell protein). Concomitantly, media triglycerides nearly doubled (31 to 51 micrograms/mg). Incorporation of [3H]glyceride into cellular and media triglyceride also rose. However, levels of apoproteins A-I, B, C-III3, and E in cells and media were unchanged. The increasing amounts of triglycerides in media were present in larger particles, as demonstrated on gel permeation chromatography. The elution profiles of apoproteins B, C-III3, and E were altered in that a greater proportion of the apoproteins eluted with larger particles. Similar results were obtained when hepatocytes were preloaded with increasing amounts of FFA over 12 h and analyses of cells and media were carried out 8 and 22 h after removal of fatty acids from the media. During loading of cells, accumulation of cellular triglycerides was directly related to media FFA concentrations. During unloading, triglyceride secretory rates were related to cellular triglyceride levels. At higher triglyceride secretory rates larger particles were secreted and a greater proportion of apoproteins was associated with the larger particles, but total amounts of apoproteins in the system did not change. These data lead us to suggest that enhanced rates of apoprotein synthesis need not occur in the response to acute changes in hepatic lipid transport, rather, increased secretion of lipid is brought about by augmented intracellular lipid apoprotein association.
SCROFULOSIS, CHLOROSIS AND TUBERCULOSIS AND THEIR TREATMENT.
Authors: GUSTAV FÜTTERER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>I.—TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS DIRECT CAUSE.</h3> During the present century, medical writers have been very active on the subject of tuberculosis, and we can readily understand this activity when we remember that nearly one-seventh of the human race die of this disease. The disease commonly recognized as consumption has been known since the Dark Ages. Even Hippocrates has given a good description of it, at least in reference to lung and pleura, finding the characteristics of this morbid process in a suppurative destruction of the affected organ. Later on, the above-mentioned suppurative destruction was found in other organs also, but as the changes found in the lungs were predominant, not only in the clinical picture, but also in the anatomic findings, those changes in the other organs were believed to be of a secondary nature, the tuberculosis of the lungs being primary. It was observed that the formation of certain nodular
STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES
Authors: William F. Scherer, Jerome T. Syverton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The growth of poliomyelitis virus, Type 2, Yale-SK strain, in cultures of monkey testicular tissue was observed to occur in discrete cycles. Growth curves showed that each cycle was composed of (a) an initial lag phase when little or no virus was released from the cells, (6) a phase of viral production, and (c) a plateau which represented a decrement in the rate of viral production. This pattern of viral multiplication occurred in monkey testicular tissue cultures which have as the liquid phase either ox serum ultrafiltrate or monkey serum-chicken embryonic extract medium. The presence of a solid medium composed of chicken plasma, clotted either with chicken embryonic extract or bovine thrombin, did not alter the pattern of viral multiplication. The shape of the growth curve as established by any of four different techniques for tissue cultivation, was shown to be independent of the cultural technique employed. For cultures of monkey testicular tissue, the amount of virus in the tissue was as much as tenfold greater than that in the liquid of the same cultures. Moreover, viral production was evident earlier and was detectable for a longer period of time in the tissue than in the liquid phase. The rapidly incremental phase of the growth cycle, when large quantities of virus were released into the liquid phase, coincided in time with the destruction of the spindle-shaped cells, which extended from the explants. Although destruction of outgrowth cells was marked, there remained cells within the explants capable of supporting the growth of poliomyelitis virus.