tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Intracellular Sensor NLRP3 Mediates Key Innate and Healing Responses to Influenza A Virus via the Regulation of Caspase-1
Authors: Paul G. Thomas, Pradyot Dash, Jerry R. Aldridge, Ali H. Ellebedy, Cory Reynolds, Amy J. Funk, William J. Martin, Mohamed Lamkanfi, Richard J. Webby, Kelli L. Boyd, Peter C. Doherty, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Journal: Immunity (2009)
John Lowell Kilgour
Authors: C. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A civil servant and public health doctor who helped to eradicate smallpox

John Kilgour was director of coordination at the World Health Organization and a major player in the smallpox eradication team, but he had three other successful careers: he achieved high rank in the Royal Army Medical Corp; rose to undersecretary in the Ministry of Overseas Development; and was head of the Prison Medical Service.

His career in the civil service was meteoric, working in medical personnel and postgraduate education under George Godber and Henry Yellowlees before becoming, in 1971, head of the Department of Health and Social Security’s international health division. In 1978 he became undersecretary and chief medical adviser at the Ministry of Overseas Development, where he oversaw a rise in foreign aid from £7m (€8m; $10m) to £70m a year. During this time he was UK delegate to European public health committees and to the World Health Organization and was …
Acidosis and arrhythmias in cardiac muscle
Authors: C. H Orchard, H. E Cingolani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Acidosis and arrhythmias in cardiac muscle Get access Clive H Orchard, Clive H Orchard Department of Physiology. University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom: C H Orchard; Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina: H E Cingolani. Correspondence to Dr Orchard. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Horacio E Cingolani Horacio E Cingolani Department of Physiology. University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom: C H Orchard; Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina: H E Cingolani. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 9, September 1994, Pages 1312–1319, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.9.1312 Published: 01 September 1994 Article history Received: 22 November 1993 Accepted: 18 April 1994 Published: 01 September 1994
A Comparison of Lipid and Glycemic Effects of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia
Authors: David S.H. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The study by Goldberg et al. (1) in the July issue of Diabetes Care concluded that, compared with rosiglitazone, pioglitazone was associated with improvements in triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL concentration, and LDL particle size.

It should first be noted that 4,410 subjects were screened to obtain 735 eligible subjects. This was a highly selective group, …
Birth Weight, Adult Weight, and Girth as Predictors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Authors: Donald E Yarbrough, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Donna Kritz-Silverstein, Deborah L Wingard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have demonstrated an association between low birth weight and chronic and metabolic disorders in adulthood such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. These disorders tend to cluster in a condition known as the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X). Only two studies have reported an association of birth weight to the metabolic syndrome. The present study is distinguished as the only study to focus on postmenopausal women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects were 303 community-dwelling, postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 50–84 years. Metabolic and anthropometric variables were measured at a clinic visit; birth weight was assessed by self-report on a mailed questionnaire. RESULTS The metabolic syndrome, defined as the simultaneous presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose tolerance, was present in 7.9% of these women. Compared with women in the highest birth weight tertile (8.1–13.0 lb, mean 9.4 lb), those in the lowest birth weight tertile (2.5–6.8 lb, mean 5.5 lb) exhibited an increased prevalence (12.0 vs. 4.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and 2.41 times the risk (95% CI 1.06–5.51) of developing the metabolic syndrome. Women with a heavy birth weight had an increased risk of adult obesity. Nevertheless, women in the lowest birth weight tertile who became adults in the highest tertile of BMI (&amp;gt;25.2 kg/m2) or waist circumference (&amp;gt;80.7 cm) had the highest prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (∼30%). CONCLUSIONS Low birth weight coupled with adult obesity is a strong determinant of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
<i>JAMA</i> 's policy on industry sponsored studies
Authors: Phil B Fontanarosa, Catherine D DeAngelis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—The editorial by Rothman and Evans, that accused the JAMA editorial policy governing industry sponsored studies of being “unfair and absurd,” contains numerous errors and misconceptions.12

The title of the editorial incorrectly implies that the JAMA policy applies only to clinical trials. An independent statistical analysis is required for any type of industry sponsored study in which the data analysis is conducted only by statisticians employed by the research sponsor. Rothman and Evans also incorrectly say that the policy requires authors to hire an academic statistician before their submission will be considered by JAMA . The policy …
The influence of age on aerosol deposition in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: HL Chua, GG Collis, AM Newbury, K Chan, GD Bower, PD Sly, PN Le Souef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Nebulized aerosols are commonly used to deliver drugs for the treatment of respiratory disease in children, but there are inadequate data on the dose of drug depositing in the lungs in this age group, and the effect of age on this dose. We therefore aimed to quantify total and regional deposition of nebulized aerosol in children of widely differing age. Twelve infants (median age 0.8 yrs, range 0.3-1.4 yrs) who were asleep, and eight older children (median age 10.8 yrs, range 6.3-18.0 yrs) with cystic fibrosis were studied. Radiolabelled normal saline aerosol was generated by a Turret nebulizer, with a driving flow of 9 l.min-1. All subjects inhaled aerosol via the nasal route, whilst the older children undertook a second study with inhalation via the oral route. Following aerosol inhalation, planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were obtained. For the nasal route, total lung deposition was lower in infants (median 1.3%, range 0.3-1.6%) than in older children (median 2.7%, range 1.6-4.4%). For the older children inhaling via the nasal or oral route, there was no influence of age on lung, upper respiratory tract, or the sum of upper respiratory tract and lung deposition. We conclude that the dose of a nasally inspired aerosol reaching the lungs of infants who are asleep is approximately half that for older children, when the nebulizer is operating at 9 l.min-1. Age does not affect deposition of nasally or orally inspired aerosols in older children.
Early Results in 95 Patients Undergoing Femoro-popliteal By-pass Graft
Authors: W. T. Irvine, J. R. Kenyon, P. J. Stiles
Journal: BMJ (1963)

DIRECT ARTERIAL SURGERY in 1953 and is still functioning-a follow-up of nine years.Also in the homograft group there are 10 patients whose major homografts have been functioning success- fully for six years or more.Of the three types of procedure used the stored arterial homografts and the rebore types of operation have given the best results.The group of cloth grafts (18 cases, Table III) have also given acceptable results, but with a higher incidence of late occlusion than the others At the present moment, therefore, when dealing with aorto-iliac disease we prefer a rebore type of operation, with use of either a homo- graft or cloth graft on certain cases which for technical reasons are unsuitable for rebore. SummaryA survey of the long-term results in 230 patients with peripheral ischaemia and claudication treated by direct arterial surgery is presented.There were 90 cases of aorto-iliac occlusion, with an overall mortality of 10%.The best long-term results here were achieved by homograft replacement or by total rebore of the aortic birfurcation and a variable length of the common and external iliac arteries.The results of cloth grafts were not quite so good in our hands.There were 140 cases of femoral artery occlusion.When this occurs alone in the 50-60 age-group it carries a good life expectancy.The results of end-to-end homografts, by-pass homografts and vein grafts, crimped cloth (teflon and dacron) grafts, and thromboendarterectomy or "rebore " operation are reported and the follow-up results compared.End-to-end grafts and cloth grafts are the worst, and are considered as not worth doing below the inguinal ligament in our experience.Long by-pass tissue grafts (preferably homograft or autograft vein) give much better results.However, the best long-term results of all are given by the recently evolved " total rebore " operation on the femoral artery, sometimes with terminal vein graft.Eight-seven cases operated on without mortality are reported, 54 of which were total rebores.We wish to acknowledge the untiring co-operation of the many registrars and housemen.and the nursing and theatre staff of St. Thomas's and the Royal Waterloo Hospitals, where most of these operations were carried out.We would also like to acknowledge the help and co-operation of Professor J. B. Kinmonth, in whose unit a great deal of this work was carried out.We thank
Management of Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Edited by S C Gordon. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002, B/W, pp 380. ISBN 08247-0582-3
Authors: M Cramp
Journal: Gut (2002)

Management of Chronic Viral Hepatitis is an A5 sized multiauthor textbook of over 300 pages which forms one of eight books in a gastroenterology and hepatology series. Curiously, the only other hepatological title in this series is a book entitled Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention by a different editor. The stated intention of the book is to bring the recent advances in clinical and basic research into the doctor's office. Through the use of clinical vignettes, it tries to cover some of the recent advances in the treatment of viral hepatitis and to demonstrate how these treatments are incorporated into everyday practice. This …
Long-Term Treatment of Angina Pectoris with Dicumarol
Authors: ZETH GABRIELSEN, JON R. MYHRE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

By the use of "report cards" the daily amount of anginal pain and the weekly consumption of nitroglycerin tablets were registered in a small series of patients during alternating courses of Dicumarol and a placebo, covering in all more than 2 years. The total number of Dicumarol periods was 24, half of them lasting more than 6 months. The effect of Dicumarol was evaluated.
Burkitt's lymphoma of stomach: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Atul Sharma, Vinod Raina, Sumeet Gujral, Rajive Kumar, Rakesh Tandon, Paresh Jain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Primary gastrointestinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathological entity. This is the commonest site of all extranodal lymphomas. Non‐endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (high‐grade, small non‐cleaved lymphocytic type) is rare in non‐HIV adult population. We hereby report Burkitt's lymphoma of stomach in a non‐HIV adult. Gastric and lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Patient was treated using a third generation chemotherapy protocol without any surgical resection. The patient relapsed within 3 months of completion of primary treatment and died of progressive disease. Am. J. Hematol. 67:48–50, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of the Deep-Sea Gulper Eel Mitochondrial Genomes: Large-Scale Gene Rearrangements Originated Within the Eels
Authors: J. G. Inoue
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Recent studies have demonstrated that deviations from the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene order are more frequent than initially thought. Such deviations, however, are minor, with inversions and/or translocations of a few genes being involved and tandem duplication of the gene regions followed by deletions of genes having been invoked as mechanisms originating in such novel gene order. During the course of molecular phylogenetic studies on the Elopomorpha (eels and their allies), we found that mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from the two deep-sea gulper eels, Eurypharynx pelecanoides (Eurypharyngidae) and Saccopharynx lavenbergi (Saccopharyngidae), exhibit an identical gene order which greatly differs from that of any other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis using the mitogenomic data from 59 species of fish not only confirmed a single origin of such a gene order with confidence but also indicated that it had been derived from the typical vertebrate gene order. Detailed comparisons of the gulper eel gene order with that of typical vertebrates suggested that occurrence of a single step, large-scale duplication of gene region extending >12 kb, followed by deletions of genes in a common ancestor of the two species, most parsimoniously accounts for this unusual gene arrangement.
Viner Nicholl Leyshon
Authors: S. Wilmot
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Chief medical officer of health Derby 1947-73 (b Swansea 1910; q London 1936), d 30 December 2002.

Viner Leyshon grew up in Swansea with a love of learning and also of the sea. The first of these took him to King's College London, and later into research on irradiation of blood. He went into public health medicine in 1939 working in Dewsbury, Blackpool, and Yarmouth. Ironically, for a man so at home in seaports, he spent most of his career in landlocked Derby. A man of plain and forthright manner, he consorted comfortably with the likes of Aneurin Bevan and Enoch Powell.
Characterisation of CYP3A gene subfamily expression in human gastrointestinal tissues.
Authors: R A McKinnon, W M Burgess, P M Hall, S J Roberts-Thomson, F J Gonzalez, M E McManus
Journal: Gut (1995)

The human CYP3A subfamily is of interest due to its multiplicity, activity toward known carcinogens, and extrahepatic expression. In situ hybridisation analysis of formalin fixed, routinely processed biopsy specimens was used to localise CYP3A mRNA in human gastrointestinal tissues from several individuals. CYP3A mRNA is abundant in human liver and in mucosal epithelial cells of all segments of the human small intestine. RNA blot analyses showed that the mRNA species observed in most livers and in human small intestine represent CYP3A3/3A4 transcripts. This was confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot comparison of small intestine microsomes to in vitro expressed CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 proteins. In liver and small intestine, CYP3A mRNA is not uniformly distributed, with grain density highest in cells within the respective non-proliferative compartments. CYP3A mRNA was also observed in human oesophagus and colon. RNA blot analysis of multiple colons showed heterogeneity in the CYP3A mRNAs present. Two CYP3A mRNAs (CYP3A3/3A4 and CYP3A5) were detected in colon samples from several individuals. In addition to those localisation studies, the capacity of expressed CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 to activate the dietary heterocyclic amine MeIQ in the presence of alpha-naphthoflavone was shown. These results show that there is considerable heterogeneity in the expression of the CYP3A subfamily in human gastrointestinal tissues.
Favorable clinical outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock due to fulminant myocarditis supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Comparison with those with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis
Authors: Yasuhide Asaumi, Satoshi Yasuda, Isao Morii, Hiroyuki Kakuchi, Yoritaka Otsuka, Atsushi Kawamura, Hiroshi Nonogi, Yoshikado Sasako, Shunichi Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
IMPROVED CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK PREDICTION WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM IN LOW-RISK WOMEN: A META-ANALYSIS OF FOUR COHORTS
Authors: Chintan S. Desai, Colby R. Ayers, Matthew Budoff, Raimund Erbel, Maryam Kavousi, Amit Khera, Nils Lehmann, Kiang Liu, Stefan Mohlenkamp, Hongyan Ning, Jacqueline Witteman, Philip Greenland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CIRCUMSTANCES THAT INFLUENCE THE OBTAINING OF NECROPSIES
Authors: E. T. BELL
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The statements made in this paper are based on personal experience at the University of Minnesota. During the year 1927, the staff of the department of pathology performed 1,353 postmortems. Of these, 1,023 were done in Minneapolis and nearly all the remainder in St. Paul. The department of pathology offers a free postmortem service to all hospitals and physicians in Minneapolis, but serves only the Ancker, St. Luke's and Miller hospitals in St. Paul. There were 4,729 deaths in Minneapolis in 1927 (not including stillbirths). When the stillbirths are deducted from the total Minneapolis necropsies, one finds that 900 of the 4,729 dead (approximately 19 per cent) were examined post mortem. This figure includes 200 cases from the coroner's service, leaving 700 (15.4 per cent) in which the permission of relatives was secured. Aside from the coroner's cases, the great majority of deaths occurred in hospitals but there were a
Abstract 693: Development of a protein-based functional assay for the determination of BRCA1 carrier status
Authors: Lauren E. Bathurst, Paolo Uy, Harriet Feilotter, Scott Davey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract While most breast cancers are sporadic, 5-10% are hereditary and attributable to the presence of a mutation in the breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1). The BRCA1 gene encodes a tumour suppressor with several well described roles in maintaining genomic integrity, such as cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA repair. BRCA1 is also known to play a role in the differentiation of breast epithelial cells. Given the high risk of cancer development associated with BRCA1 mutation carriers, it is important that they be identified early and accurately. Previous work in our lab developed a novel functional assay to predict BRCA1 status based on gene expression profiles. That study analyzed EBV-transformed lymphocyte cell lines (LCLs) of BRCA1 mutation carriers (BRCA1+/−) and controls (BRCA1+/+) and found that lymphocytes from BRCA1 carriers could be distinguished with high fidelity (∼90% accuracy) from individuals with two wild type copies of the gene. Interestingly, it was found that many of the genes used to distinguish BRCA1 mutation carriers were also markers of differentiation in blood cells. We are now using this information to develop a flow cytometric protein-based biomarker assay. To do this, our transcriptome microarray data was analyzed to identify genes with strong edictability of BRCA1 status, including genes with known roles in lymphocyte differentiation such as TBX21 and CXCR3. These genes were then used to model the assay in-silico using a training set of data comprised of 53 LCLs. The model was designed by selecting genes both up- and down-regulated in BRCA1 carriers, placing them in pairs and looking at the ratio of their expression values. This model was subsequently validated using a test data set comprising 16 LCLs. Overall accuracy of the model was 94%, correctly predicting 54/59 LCLs. Based on in-silico modelling, we chose six antibodies to develop the assay. To identify other candidate proteins, LCL lysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The results identified several other candidate proteins for assay development including IgG1, IgD, BCR and MX1. Interestingly, as was the case in our transcriptome analysis, these MS identified proteins also suggested that BRCA1 mutation carriers displayed defects in cellular differentiation. This was indicated by the higher expression of surface markers in responding to less differentiated B-lymphocytes in comparison with controls. Ultimately, the assay will be applied to fresh patient blood samples with the expectation that it will become an assay that can be implemented in a clinical setting to provide accurate identification of BRCA1 mutation carriers and aid in disease management. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 693. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-693
Vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia: assessment by mapping of body surface potential.
Authors: M J Gardner, T J Montague, C S Armstrong, B M Horacek, E R Smith
Journal: Circulation (1986)

It is now well established that the vulnerability of the ventricular myocardium to repetitive dysrhythm increases in the presence of greater than normal disparity local recovery times. Local recovery is reflected in the electrocardiographic waveform as an area of the ventricular deflection (QRST time integral), and thus disparate ventricular recovery may be manifested in the body surface distribution of this quality. To assess this possibility, we obtained simultaneous 120-lead electrocardiograms from both the anterior and posterior torso in 140 subjects (ages 8 to 75) grouped as follows: group A, 97 normal subjects; group B, 16 patients resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia; and group C, 27 patients 6 to 12 months after myocardial infarction but without clinically significant arrhythmia. In each subject, the QRST integral was evaluated for each lead and isointegral contour maps were plotted. A score was assigned to each map, based on the number of extrema; each maximum or minimum scored one point, with the exception of simultaneously occurring anterior and posterior minima on the right shoulder (frequently occurring in normal subjects), which scored together only one point. All but one group A subject had dipolar QRST integral maps (mean +/- SD score 2.11 +/- 0.2). Conversely, 10 of 16 (62.5%) group B patients had scores of 3 or more (mean 3.16 +/- 1.08; p less than .01 vs group A). Group C patients had intermediate values, with eight of 27 (29.6%) scoring 3 or more (mean 2.46 +/- 83); this was less than in group B (p less than .01), but more (p less than .05) than in group A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)