tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P313: Poor Cardiovascular Health Knowledge despite the Rising Epidemic of Cardiovascular Diseases: findings from a peri-urban Nepalese community
Authors: Abhinav Vaidya, Umesh R Aryal, Alexandra Krettek
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Nepal, a low-income South Asian country, is facing a growing epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Information on how well its population knows about the underlying risk factors and possible prevention and control strategies is an important determinant in tackling the epidemic. Studies indicate Nepalese people have poor knowledge regarding cardiovascular health, for example, about symptoms of heart attack or diabetes. We conducted a study on cardiovascular health literacy in a peri-urban area near Kathmandu and tested the hypothesis that better cardiovascular health knowledge is associated with superior cardiovascular health behaviour. For this cross-sectional study, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 777 consenting adults aged 25-59 years from six randomly sampled clusters of Duwakot and Jhaukhel communities between September and November 2011. We used WHO-STEPs questionnaire to gather information on demographic, behavioural and anthropometric variables. Additionally, we did a thorough literature search to construct questions on cardiovascular health knowledge and attitude. Scores were given to knowledge, attitude and behaviour/practice components which were then aggregated to calculate composite median percent scores. Five categories from highest to lowest quintiles of median percent scores were then generated. Seventy percent of the respondents were females- out of which two-thirds were housewives, and a third was without formal education. A fifth of the 229 male respondents were doing agriculture-based work. When asked to spontaneously name the risk factors, respondents showed low overall knowledge- ranging from 1% for diabetes and 29% for smoking. Sixty percent of them did not know any heart attack symptom. Chest pain as a heart attack sign was known only to 14% of the respondents. Nonetheless, 86% of them thought heart diseases could be prevented by improving lifestyles. However, 65% of men and 54% of women did not want to change their lifestyle as they did not consider themselves to be at risk. Further, among those with highest knowledge quintile score, only 14.7% had highest attitude quintile score, and only 13.4% had highest behaviour quintile score. Likewise, among those with lowest knowledge quintile score, 26% had lowest attitude quintile score, and 16.4% had lowest behaviour quintile score. In conclusion, despite the rising burden of cardiovascular epidemic in Nepal, population-level knowledge on cardiovascular health is still poor. Further, better knowledge did not necessarily translate into superior cardiovascular health behaviour. Therefore, community-based interventions that improve all the three components should be promoted rather than those which influence only the knowledge aspect.
Thoracoplasty in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Philip King Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 October 1930Thoracoplasty in the Treatment of Pulmonary TuberculosisPHILIP KING BROWN, M.D.PHILIP KING BROWN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-4-361 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA consideration of the place of thoracoplasty in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis presents two main questions. What will this procedure do that cannot be accomplished otherwise, and at what point in the treatment of the disease is this radical procedure indicated. From the background of nine years' observation on about 50 thoracoplasty patients most of them operated upon by Dr. Leo Eloesser of San Francisco, preceded by a thirteen-year period of following the disease in special clinics, tuberculosis classes run after the plan of Dr. Joseph Pratt of Boston, in several sanatoria and the tuberculosis wards of a general... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco*Presented by invitation at the Fourteenth Annual Clinical Session of the American College of Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of a symposium on "The Surgery of Pulmonary Tuberculosis." PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1930Volume 4, Issue 4Page: 361-371KeywordsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-term efficacy and safety of cladribine (2-CdA) in adult patients with mastocytosis
Authors: Stéphane Barete, Olivier Lortholary, Gandhi Damaj, Isabelle Hirsch, Marie Olivia Chandesris, Caroline Elie, Mohamed Hamidou, Isabelle Durieu, Felipe Suarez, Bernard Grosbois, Nicolas Limal, Emmanuel Gyan, Claire Larroche, Gérard Guillet, Jean Emmanuel Kahn, Philippe Casassus, Karima Amazzough, Hélène Coignard-Biehler, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Ludovic Lhermitte, Sylvie Fraitag, Danielle Canioni, Patrice Dubreuil, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Blood (2015)
310. Feasibility and Limitations of Target Gene Repair in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Eric B. Kmiec, Li Liu, Hetal Parekh-Olmedo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Targeted gene repair embodies some of the most attractive theoretical aspects of gene repair therapy, the correction of a genetic mutation within the context of the host chromosome. Should such a strategy prove robust, some inherited metabolic disorders could be well positioned for successful treatment and perhaps even cure. In its most popular iteration, the gene repair pathway employs synthetic DNA (and RNA) oligonucleotides to direct a nucleotide exchange reaction at the site of the mutated base, while serving as a template for the incorporation of the new base. The mechanism of action is being elucidated and many hurdles remain before the technique reaches a level of maturity that will enable clinical applications. We have participated in the development of this field and now report on its status. More directly, we discuss what appears to be feasible and what appears to be limited. In this line of investigation, we have used several mammalian cell types and various delivery systems to explore how positional effects, context dependencies and the copy numbers of the targeted genes impact the frequency of gene repair. And, we have examined the influence of cell cycle and the activation of DNA damage response pathways on the gene repair process. Robust data can be obtained from actively replicating mammalian cells as cells passing through S phase being more amenable to gene repair. The frequency of gene repair can be reproducibly enhanced by activation of the homologous recombination pathway in response to DNA damage. The position of the target gene with regard to its replication status and/or its transcriptional status can also determine the level of gene repair enabled at that site. These data have been attained using FACS analyses of well-controlled reporter genes which do not produce a functional protein unless the specific mutation is corrected. Then, cells judged as being phenotypically repaired, are isolated by sorting and the target gene sequenced to confirm the precision of the reaction. These factors have now been assessed in systems which model inherited diseases such as Fabry[rsquo]s Disease and Sickle Cell Anemia. Our results will be discussed and we will also provide the details of the cell systems, which provide a more scientifically sound basis for developing this potentially useful technique.
Serum alkaline phosphatase in multidrug resistance 2 (Mdr2–/–) knockout mice is strain specific
Authors: Palak J. Trivedi, Chris J. Weston, Gwilym J. Webb, Philip N. Newsome, Gideon M. Hirschfield, David H. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with interest the thoughtful article by Dr. Krones and colleagues regarding the use of serum liver biochemical parameters in murine models of cholangiopathy.1 Preclinical animal models are critical for furthering our understanding of pathophysiology in chronic cholestatic liver diseases, although little is known about circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in mice and whether a correlation exists with human isozymes and isoforms. The vast majority of studies utilizing the multidrug resistance 2 knockout (Mdr2–/–) model have used mice on a Friend virus B‐type/N (FVB/N) background,2 and our own experiences with this strain are in keeping with reported findings. Namely, there is a steady elevation in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and ALP titer in line with development of sclerosing cholangitis, with levels plateauing beyond 6 weeks of age. However, recent data indicate that the predominant source of ALP in C57BL/6 strains is skeletal tissue, with a distinct absence of this enzyme in liver and gut, thus with no liver‐derived ALP being present in the circulation.3 Indeed, age‐ and sex‐matched C57BL/6 Mdr2–/– mice exhibit the highest ALP titer early in life at a time when bone growth is most prominent and experience a sharp decline in titer toward normal values as they grow older (Fig. 1). Our observations highlight the need to be cautious in evaluation of animal studies and ensure that strain‐specific aspects of the model are noted, as well as merit in utilizing multiple markers of biliary injury for disease evaluation. Figure 1: Serum liver biochemistry in the Mdr2–/– model by strain. Serum ALT and ALP were measured by an Olympus AU400 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) in FVB/N (open symbols) and C57BL/6 (filled symbols) Mdr2‐null mice. Data are presented as median and interquartile range; asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001; Kruskal‐Wallis' test).
Safety and tolerance of transbronchial lung biopsy with cryoprobes vs conventional forceps
Authors: Laia Garcia-Bellmunt, Virginia Pajares, Alfons Torrego, Mª Carmen Puzo, Mª Angels Gil, Vicente Plaza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy (TBLB) by the use of cryoprobes has been described as a feasible procedure to obtain lung samples.

Objectives: To determine safety of TBLB with cryoprobes vs conventional forceps. To compare the procedure length and patients' tolerance with both techniques.

Patients and methods: Patients with interstitial lung diseases referred to perform a TBLB were prospectively randomized in: Group 1: cryoprobe (Erbocryo CA®) and Group 2: conventional forceps.

Patients in group 1, under deep sedation, were intubated to allow quick cryoprobe and bronchoscope introduction and removal. Bronchoscopies in group 2 were performed under conscious sedation. Tolerance questionnaires, number of biopsies, procedure's duration and related complications were registered.

Results: 

View this table:



View this table:



Conclusions: No safety differences have been observed between both techniques.

Better tolerance in the cryoprobe group was probably due to the anaesthesic management.
Correlation of mutations of the SH2D1A gene and Epstein-Barr virus infection with clinical phenotype and outcome in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Janos Sumegi, Dali Huang, Arpad Lanyi, Jack D. Davis, Thomas A. Seemayer, Akihiko Maeda, George Klein, Marco Seri, Hiroshi Wakiguchi, David T. Purtilo, Thomas G. Gross
Journal: Blood (2000)
Hay fever, eczema and urticaria in southwest Norway
Authors: P. Bakke, A. Gulsvik, G. E. Eide
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Information on hay fever, eczema, urticaria, respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and occupational dust or gas exposure was obtained by a self‐administered questionnaire from a random sample of 4992 subjects of the general population aged 15–70 years of the Hordaland county, Norway. The response rate was 90% of the sample. The lifetime prevalences of hay fever, eczema and urticaria were 10%, 25% and 9% of the respondents, respectively. Eczema and urticaria were more often reported by women than by men. The lifetime prevalence of hay fever decreased substantially by age in both sexes. A history of hay fever was inversely related to cigarette smoking. The lifetime prevalences of eczema and urticaria were associated with occupational dust or gas exposure after adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits and area of residence. Adjusted odds ratios of respiratory symptoms in subjects with hay fever were almost 2.0 compared with those without.
Early prediction of antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy with 18[F]FDG-PET: A preclinical and clinical correlation.
Authors: Wen Ma, Antonio Jimeno, Peter Kulesza, Audrey Chan, Xiang Feng Zhang, Jenna Wheelhouse, Heather Jacene, Wells Messersmith, Chris Endres, Maura Gillison, Martin Pomper, Arlene Forastiere, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B35 

Background. The ability to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy is pivotal to individualized cancer treatment. We hypothesized that early changes in 18[F]FDG tumor uptake predicts response to anti-EGFR therapy. We investigated this question in a mice model and correlated these findings in human patients undergoing anti-EGFR therapy. Methods. Mice bearing erlotinib-resistant (Hep2) and -sensitive (Cal27) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) xenografts were treated with vehicle or erlotinib for 3 weeks. Uptake of 18[F]FDG were imaged with small animal micro-PET at baseline and after 1 week of therapy, and reported in SUVmax. For clinical correlation, human patients with HNSCC receiving erlotinib were identified from an ongoing clinical trial. Clinical 18[F]FDG-PET images were obtained at baseline and after 2 weeks of erlotinib monotherapy. Both xenograft and human tumor specimens were obtained at baseline and when follow-up PET scans were performed. A panel of pharmacodynamic markers (including Ki-67 and pMAPK) were assessed. Results. The Hep2 xenografts were resistant to erlotinib (Tumor/Control ratio [T/C]: 0.8) and Cal27 was sensitive (T/C: 0.2). In the resistant Hep2 xenografts, the SUVmax increased significantly from baseline after treatment and was not significantly different from the control tumors (86% of control; +/- 70%). In the sensitive Cal27 xenografts, the SUVmax remained stable from baseline and was significantly lower than control (-2% of control; +/-7%). Ki-67 in the treated Hep2 was not significantly different from control while that in Cal27 was <50% of control. In the clinical cases, the ki-67 score was higher after 2 weeks from baseline in the patient resistant to erlotinib monotherapy by 18[F]FDG-PET (SUVmax increased by 14%; +/- 11%) while the proliferative index was lower than baseline in the patient who was 18[F]FDG-PET sensitive (SUVmax decreased by 56%; +/- 13%). pMAPK decreased after 2 weeks of erlotinib therapy in all cases and had a poor correlation with efficacy. Conclusions. Early dynamic changes in 18[F]FDG tumor uptake is predictive of response to anti-EGFR therapy and correlates with changes in ki-67 expression, both in a preclinical and a clinical scenario. This study demonstrated the feasibility and provides the rationale for the use of small animal FDG-PET imaging in the development of targeted agents and individualized therapy.
A Long Run for a Short Jump: Understanding Clinical Guidelines
Authors: L B McGuire
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Clinical guidelines for application of medical technologies are being advanced as consensus recommendations by consumer groups, professional societies, and health care managers. Although different groups' guidelines for use of a given technology may vary--or even conflict--depending on the methods by which they were formulated, their proponents' interests, and the subjective values attached to potential outcomes, they make it possible to quantify somewhat and predict, on a population basis, clinical gains relative to costs. Clinical guidelines can introduce into patient-physician decision making systematic consideration of a given technology's demonstrated efficacy and its likely advantages compared with its personal and its societal costs. Provided there is flexibility to allow for individual departures from consensus recommendations and for development of new technologies, applying clinical guidelines in health care can serve both individual patients and society and help to balance their respective needs for informed decision making and for resource allocation.
Cytokine-Specific Activation of Distinct Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Subtype Cascades in Human Neutrophils Stimulated by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-
Authors: Kenichi Suzuki, Masayuki Hino, Fumihiko Hato, Noriyuki Tatsumi, Seiichi Kitagawa
Journal: Blood (1999)
Vitamin D status in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: P. Gisondi, M. Rossini, A. Di Cesare, L. Idolazzi, S. Farina, G. Beltrami, K. Peris, G. Girolomoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Vitamin D could have important immunomodulatory effects in psoriasis.To measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium serum levels in patients with psoriasis and the associations with some relevant clinical features.A cross-sectional study was conducted over 1 year including 145 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, 112 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 141 healthy controls. 25(OH)D, PTH and calcium serum levels were measured in a centralized laboratory. Demography, comorbidities, disease severity and exposure time to sunlight (which was derived by questionnaire) were collected.The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D levels <20ngmL(-1) ] in patients with psoriasis was 57·8% vs. 37·5% in patients with RA and 29·7% in healthy controls (P<0·001). In winter, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rose to 80·9% in patients with psoriasis, to 41·3% in those with RA and to 30·3% in healthy controls (P<0·001). Patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis did not differ in 25(OH)D serum levels nor in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. In the logistic regression analysis, vitamin D deficiency was associated with psoriasis independently of age, sex, body mass index, calcium, PTH levels and season of blood sampling. A limitation is that the study design does not allow a causal or temporal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis to be established.Vitamin D deficiency may be common in patients with psoriasis, especially in winter.
ORP150 protects against hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death
Authors: Michio Tamatani, Tomohiro Matsuyama, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Noriaki Mitsuda, Yoshitane Tsukamoto, Manabu Taniguchi, Yong Ho Che, Kentaro Ozawa, Osamu Hori, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Atsuko Yamashita, Masaru Okabe, Hideki Yanagi, David M. Stern, Satoshi Ogawa, Masaya Tohyama
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
New Study of Candidate Vaccine to Prevent Chlamydia
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4324: BNip3 connects energy sensing to hepatic lipid metabolism and mitophagy
Authors: Michelle L. Boland, He Huang, Ramilla Shah, Almas Ali, Yingming Zhao, Christopher J. Rhodes, Kay F. Macleod
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BNip3 is a hypoxia-inducible member of the Bcl-2 family that integrates into the outer mitochondrial membrane as stable homodimers where it acts as a receptor for mitochondrial engulfment through a conserved LC3 interacting region. Hepatic BNip3 levels are constitutively elevated relative to other tissues, and dramatically increase upon nutrient deprivation or glucagon stimulation, suggesting a key role for BNip3 in the fasting response. We have determined that the fasting-induced increase in hepatic BNip3 protein levels is not solely attributable to transcriptional induction and have identified post-translational modification of BNip3 that affects protein stability and function. In a mouse model of BNip3 loss, we observe metabolic defects including increased hepatic lipid synthesis and reduced fatty acid oxidation. Consistent with BNip3's role in mitophagy, defects in liver metabolism were linked to increased mitochondrial mass, but decreased mitochondrial function, including reduced oxygen consumption and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Delivery of a mitophagy deficient mutant BNip3 to the BNip3 null liver indicates that defects in lipid metabolism are not simply due to the accumulation of defective mitochondria, but rather BNip3 has another role to regulate lipid metabolism based on nutrient status. Of relevance, BNip3 is epigenetically silenced in the more aggressive and common form of HCC (sub-type A) and thus this work identifies potential mechanisms by which this protein may act as a tumor suppressor. Citation Format: Michelle L. Boland, He Huang, Ramilla Shah, Almas Ali, Yingming Zhao, Christopher J. Rhodes, Kay F. Macleod. BNip3 connects energy sensing to hepatic lipid metabolism and mitophagy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4324
Added Sugar Intake and Public Health—Reply
Authors: Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Diana Thomas
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal