tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CCL2 Blockade Augments Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zvi G. Fridlender, George Buchlis, Veena Kapoor, Guanjun Cheng, Jing Sun, Sunil Singhal, M. Cecilia Crisanti, Liang-Chuan S. Wang, Daniel Heitjan, Linda A. Snyder, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Altering the immunosuppressive microenvironment that exists within a tumor will likely be necessary for cancer vaccines to trigger an effective antitumor response. Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (such as CCL2) are produced by many tumors and have both direct and indirect immunoinhibitory effects. We hypothesized that CCL2 blockade would reduce immunosuppression and augment vaccine immunotherapy. Anti-murine CCL2/CCL12 monoclonal antibodies were administered in three immunotherapy models: one aimed at the human papillomavirus E7 antigen expressed by a non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line, one targeted to mesothelin expressed by a mesothelioma cell line, and one using an adenovirus-expressing IFN-α to treat a nonimmunogenic NSCLC line. We evaluated the effect of the combination treatment on tumor growth and assessed the mechanism of these changes by evaluating cytotoxic T cells, immunosuppressive cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Administration of anti-CCL2/CCL12 antibodies along with the vaccines markedly augmented efficacy with enhanced reduction in tumor volume and cures of approximately half of the tumors. The combined treatment generated more total intratumoral CD8+ T cells that were more activated and more antitumor antigen–specific, as measured by tetramer evaluation. Another important potential mechanism was reduction in intratumoral T regulatory cells. CCL2 seems to be a key proximal cytokine mediating immunosuppression in tumors. Its blockade augments CD8+ T-cell immune response to tumors elicited by vaccines via multifactorial mechanisms. These observations suggest that combining CCL2 neutralization with vaccines should be considered in future immunotherapy trials. Cancer Res; 70(1); 109–18
Prognostic Significance of Microvascular Obstruction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Katherine C. Wu, Elias A. Zerhouni, Robert M. Judd, Carlos H. Lugo-Olivieri, Lili A. Barouch, Steven P. Schulman, Roger S. Blumenthal, João A. C. Lima
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The extent of microvascular obstruction during acute coronary occlusion may determine the eventual magnitude of myocardial damage and thus, patient prognosis after infarction. By contrast-enhanced MRI, regions of profound microvascular obstruction at the infarct core are hypoenhanced and correspond to greater myocardial damage acutely. We investigated whether profound microvascular obstruction after infarction predicts 2-year cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results —Forty-four patients underwent MRI 10±6 days after infarction. Microvascular obstruction was defined as hypoenhancement seen 1 to 2 minutes after contrast injection. Infarct size was assessed as percent left ventricular mass hyperenhanced 5 to 10 minutes after contrast. Patients were followed clinically for 16±5 months. Seventeen patients returned 6 months after infarction for repeat MRI. Patients with microvascular obstruction (n=11) had more cardiovascular events than those without (45% versus 9%; P =.016). In fact, microvascular status predicted occurrence of cardiovascular complications (χ 2 =6.46, P &lt;.01). The risk of adverse events increased with infarct extent (30%, 43%, and 71% for small [n=10], midsized [n=14], and large [n=14] infarcts, P &lt;.05). Even after infarct size was controlled for, the presence of microvascular obstruction remained a prognostic marker of postinfarction complications (χ 2 =5.17, P &lt;.05). Among those returning for follow-up imaging, the presence of microvascular obstruction was associated with fibrous scar formation (χ 2 =10.0, P &lt;.01) and left ventricular remodeling ( P &lt;.05). Conclusions —After infarction, MRI-determined microvascular obstruction predicts more frequent cardiovascular complications. In addition, infarct size determined by MRI also relates directly to long-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, microvascular status remains a strong prognostic marker even after control for infarct size.
Inhibition of Kupffer cell functions as an explanation for the hepatoprotective properties of silibinin
Authors: C Dehmlow
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The flavonoid silibinin, the main compound extracted from the milk thistle Silybum marianum, displays hepatoprotective properties in acute and chronic liver injury. To further elucidate the mechanisms by which it acts, we studied the effects of silibinin on different functions of isolated rat Kupffer cells, namely the formation of superoxide anion radical (02-), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). Production of 02- and NO were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with an 50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value around 80 micro mol/L. No effect on TNF-alpha formation was detected. Opposite effects were found on the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Whereas no influence on PGE(2) formation was observed with silibinin concentrations up to 100 micro mol/L, a strong inhibitory effect on LTB(4) formation became evident. The IC(50)-value for inhibiting the formation of this eicosanoid was determined to be 15 micro mol/L silibinin. The strong inhibition of LTB(4), formation by silibinin was confirmed in experiments with phagocytic cells isolated from human liver. Hence, while rather high concentrations of silibinin are necessary to diminish free radical formation by activated Kupffer cells, significant inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway already occurs at silibinin concentrations which are achieved in vivo. Selective inhibition of leukotriene formation by Kupffer cells can at least partly account for the hepatoprotective properties of silibinin.
Occupational Risk of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection for School and Day-care Personnel During an Outbreak of Erythema Infectiosum
Authors: Sheila M. Gillespie
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Human parvovirus B19, the cause of erythema infectiosum, has recently been associated with adverse fetal outcomes. During a large outbreak of erythema infectiosum in Connecticut, a survey was conducted on 571 (90%) of 634 school and day-care personnel to determine the risk of acquiring B19 infection. Serologic evidence of B19 infection was determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of the school and day-care personnel, 58% had evidence of previous B19 infection. The minimal rate of B19 infection in susceptible personnel during the outbreak was 19%. The risk was increased for teachers and daycare providers who had contact with younger children and with greater numbers of ill children. These results suggest that B19 infection is an occupational risk for school and day-care personnel. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2061-2065)
Inhibition of phagocytosis of complement C3- or immunoglobulin G-coated particles and of C3bi binding by monoclonal antibodies to a monocyte-granulocyte membrane glycoprotein (Mol).
Authors: M A Arnaout, R F Todd, N Dana, J Melamed, S F Schlossman, H R Colten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Events that lead to phagocytosis of complement (C3)- or IgG-coated particles after their interaction with specific cell surface receptors are poorly understood. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (an IgM and an IgG2a) to a human granulocyte-monocyte surface membrane differentiation antigen (Mol) inhibited ingestion by granulocytes both of oil Red O particles opsonized with normal human serum or with IgG and of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgG. In addition, they specifically inhibited rosetting between phagocytes and sheep erythrocytes coated with C3bi, a fragment of the complement component C3, generated by cleaving C3b with C3b inactivator and beta IH protein. These monoclonal anti-Mol antibodies did not inhibit IgG Fc, C3b or C3d receptor-mediated binding of erythrocytes coated with the respective proteins. The Fab fragment of the IgG2a monoclonal antibody inhibited noncytotoxic enzyme release from granulocytes when these cells were stimulated with zymosan coated with C3bi. Electrophoretic transfer of polymorphonuclear leukocyte detergent lysates to nitrocellulose, followed by immunofixation with monoclonal antibody, showed that these antibodies were directed to a 155,000-mol wt glycoprotein. This surface membrane structure appears to be involved in Fc and C3 receptor-dependent phagocytosis and closely associated with the C3bi receptor.
Opioid Analgesics for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain
Authors: Samuel L. Whittle, Bethan L. Richards, Rachelle Buchbinder
Journal: JAMA (2013)

CLINICAL QUESTION Do the benefits of opioid analgesics outweigh the risks in patients with persistent pain due to rheumatoid arthritis? BOTTOM LINE Weak opioids (such as codeine, dextropropoxyphene, and tramadol) may be effective in the short-term management of rheumatoid arthritis pain, but adverse effects are common and may outweigh the benefits; alternative analgesics should be considered first.
Bilateral Renal-Vein Thrombosis Associated with the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Surat Phonsombat, Marshall L Stoller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 61-year-old woman whose medical history was notable for hypertension and type 2 diabetes reported a two-day history of increasing dull pain in the right flank and nonbloody, bilious vomiting. Physical examination revealed no abdominal masses, costovertebral-angle tenderness, or peripheral edema. Laboratory evaluation revealed normal serum creatinine levels (1.0 mg per deciliter [88.4 μmol per liter]); the presence of hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol level, 938 mg per deciliter [24.3 mmol per liter]; triglyceride level, 811 mg per deciliter [9.2 mmol per liter]; and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 44 mg per deciliter [1.1 mmol per liter]); low total-protein and albumin levels (3.9 . . .
The blood volume and plasma protein levels before and after gastrectomy
Authors: A. Swan, G. T. Allen, N. C. Tanner
Journal: Gut (1962)

This paper is a survey of a series of 185 plasma volume estimations carried out on 75 gastric surgical patients before and after operation at St. James9s Hospital in 1958-59. In the majority of cases serum proteins were also measured. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of gastric operations, and especially of partial gastrectomy, on patients9 blood volume, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood as measured by the total circulating red cell volume, and serum protein content.
Acceptance of Insurance by Psychiatrists and the Implications for Access to Mental Health Care
Authors: Tara F. Bishop, Matthew J. Press, Salomeh Keyhani, Harold Alan Pincus
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

There have been recent calls for increased access to mental health services, but access may be limited owing to psychiatrist refusal to accept insurance.To describe recent trends in acceptance of insurance by psychiatrists compared with physicians in other specialties.We used data from a national survey of office-based physicians in the United States to calculate rates of acceptance of private noncapitated insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid by psychiatrists vs physicians in other specialties and to compare characteristics of psychiatrists who accepted insurance and those who did not.Our main outcome variables were physician acceptance of new patients with private noncapitated insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid. Our main independent variables were physician specialty and year groupings (2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010).The percentage of psychiatrists who accepted private noncapitated insurance in 2009-2010 was significantly lower than the percentage of physicians in other specialties (55.3% [95% CI, 46.7%-63.8%] vs 88.7% [86.4%-90.7%]; P < .001) and had declined by 17.0% since 2005-2006. Similarly, the percentage of psychiatrists who accepted Medicare in 2009-2010 was significantly lower than that for other physicians (54.8% [95% CI, 46.6%-62.7%] vs 86.1% [84.4%-87.7%]; P < .001) and had declined by 19.5% since 2005-2006. Psychiatrists' Medicaid acceptance rates in 2009-2010 were also lower than those for other physicians (43.1% [95% CI, 34.9%-51.7%] vs 73.0% [70.3%-75.5%]; P < .001) but had not declined significantly from 2005-2006. Psychiatrists in the Midwest were more likely to accept private noncapitated insurance (85.1%) than those in the Northeast (48.5%), South (43.0%), or West (57.8%) (P = .02).Acceptance rates for all types of insurance were significantly lower for psychiatrists than for physicians in other specialties. These low rates of acceptance may pose a barrier to access to mental health services.
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Charles W.. Pahl
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence and significance of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in the absence of hypotension or heart failure in acute myocardial infarction treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator: Results from the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phaes II trial
Authors: Peter B. Berger, Nicholas A. Ruocco, Thomas J. Ryan, Margaret M. Frederick, Phillip J. Podrid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Caffeine and health.
Authors: C H Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Caffeine and health"Caffeine is probably the world's most popular drug."'In coffee, tea, cola drinks, cocoa, chocolate, and sometimes proprietary medicines, it is taken regularly by most of the population from childhood onwards.Given its wide consumption, the health hazards are few, but caffeine has been attacked for a statistical association with various diseases.Many ofthese ghosts have-now been banished: fears of a causative role in urinary tract24 and pancreatic cancer,57 teratogenesis," 9 spontaneous abortion,'0 and fibrocystic breast disease"' 12 have largely been dispelled.'3-33 The relation ofcaffeine to ischaemic heart disease is harder to resolve.A large Norwegian study showed a strong, independent, positive relation between coffee consumption and serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.34Evidence from other countries, however, is conflicting.354'Discrepancies may partly depend on the methods ofprepara- tion: Norwegians traditionally boil coffee (100-500 mg caffeine/cup) while other Europeans and Americans drink percolated (100-150 mg caffeine/cup), drip brewed (100- 120 mg), or instant coffee (80-100 mg).' Intervention studies suggest that boiled but not filtered coffee raises the serum cholesterol concentration,4243 possibly by reducing bile secretion, which might account for the lowered incidence of colonic cancer in coffee drinkers.,"As for myocardial infarction the evidence is insufficient to incriminate caffeine,45" despite both positive47 and negative findings.'848Caffeine may promote arrhythmias, precipitating acute events in established coronary arterial disease.47 4950A recent prospective study, however, found no relation between coffee consumption and any major cause of death.'8Thus caffeine, except perhaps at very high levels of intake, appears blameless as a risk to bodily health.Attention now centres on caffeine's psychotropic and addictive properties, and its effects on psychological health.Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant, mainly producing this effect by adenosine receptor antagonism.5 52 It may interact weakly with benzodiazepine receptors53 and release f3 endorphin,M and it stimulates noradrenaline release in non-tolerant subjects.5556In moderate doses (200- 300 mg) caffeine can elevate mood, improve psychomotor and intellectual performance, and increase electroencephalo- graphic arousal.5'5759 Larger doses are anxiogenic, producing symptoms indistinguishable from anxiety neurosis" includ-
A Patient's Guide to Low Back Pain: A Complete Interactive Computer Software Program for Patient Education
Authors: Peter L. Elkin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

"Information processing and communications tasks pervade essentially all activities of the health care practitioner."<sup>1</sup>Multimedia educational programs are becoming increasingly available to assist in bridging the gap between clinicians' allotted time for patient education and patients' need for a better understanding of their illnesses. Multimedia presentations provide graphical support for textual information and often link voice narratives, to decrease the intellectual burden for the patient.<sup>2</sup> Traditionally, patient education involves direct interaction with the prescribing physician, which has the advantage of interactive evaluation by both the patient and the physician. The disadvantages of this contact alone are that the patient may remember only part of the conversation after leaving the office and that the interaction can be time-consuming in a demanding and busy practice. Attempts to supplement this dialogue with pamphlets and videotapes are becoming increasingly popular. For a pamphlet to contain as much information as this computer-based multimedia
Abstract 2693: Amplification of tumor immunity with cryoablation
Authors: Jesse Veenstra, Peter Littrup, Wei-zen Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor cryoablation, the use of freezing temperatures to destroy tumor tissue while preserving tumor-associated antigens, has the potential to initiate or amplify tumor immunity. However, enhanced tumor immunity is not consistently observed in treated patients, suggesting inadequate immune priming by cryoablation itself. We hypothesize that cryoablation in coordination with DNA vaccination and/or immune modulation will amplify effector mechanisms to provide long-term anti-tumor protection. BALB/c mice implanted with a neu expressing mammary tumor TUBO received two electro-vaccinations 10 days apart, with neu DNA or blank vector, followed 4 days later with cryoablation or sham surgery of the tumor. Mice receiving both neu vaccination and cryoablation produced a 3-fold higher anti-neu antibody titer over neu vaccination alone (P&amp;lt;0.02) and a 16-fold higher titer over cryoablation alone (P&amp;lt;0.003). Combination treatment also provided full protection against TUBO re-challenge, supporting enhanced immunity by cryoablation. To test the effect of combining cryoablation with the depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg), 12 week old BALB Neu transgenic mice which had spontaneously developed ductal carcinoma in situ in the mammary glands were treated with α-CD25 mAb to deplete Tregs, partial cryoablation of the 4th mammary gland, or a combination of both. Development of palpable mammary tumor throughout all ten mammary glands was significantly delayed in mice receiving combination treatment over either treatment alone, indicating amplification of tumor immunity in Treg depleted mice by cryoablation. The mechanisms of amplified immunity are being investigated by analyzing a panel of inflammatory cytokines in the serum as well as gene expression in lymphocytes in the tumor, spleen, and tumor draining lymph nodes at different points after cryoablation. Phenotyping of tumor infiltrating immune cells post-cryoablation is also being assessed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2693. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2693
Glomerulonephritis in agammaglobulinaemia.
Authors: P S Avasthi, P Avasthi, K S Tung
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Glomerulonephritis in AgammaglobulinaemiaMost patients with glomerulonephritis develop glomerular injury through humoral mechanisms.'As patients with agammaglobulinaemia cannot show appreciable humoral response to an antigenic stimulus development of glomerulonephritis is unlikely to result from antibody- mediated injury.Glomerulonephritis which occurred in a patient with Bruton's agammaglobulinaemia prompted this report.
HIGH-SENSITIVITY TROPONIN T IN RELATION TO CORONARY PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS OF THE ATHEROREMO-IVUS STUDY
Authors: Rohit M. Oemrawsingh, Jin Cheng, Hector Garcia Garcia, Isabella Kardys, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Evelyn Regar, Robert van Geuns, Patrick Serruys, Eric Boersma, K. Martijn Akkerhuis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Epistemological missing links
Authors: Terry Dartnall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Clark &amp; Thornton's “superficially distinct ploys and mechanisms” are in fact very different: there is a deep difference between (a) filters and feature detectors, which “let the information in,” and (b) contentful representations and theories, which reconfigure it into a computationally tractable form. (a) is bringing abilities to experience whereas (b) is bringing content to experience. Both have well known problems. I outline an evolutionary story that avoids these problems and begins to explain how representations and theories developed out of feature detectors and filters.
Micturition Syncope, Hypokalemia, and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nicholas G. Kounis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE FIRST report of syncope associated with micturition was published by Rugg-Gunn,<sup>1</sup>but the association of syncope with circulatory disturbances had been described much earlier by Weiss.<sup>2</sup>Dermksian and Lamb<sup>3</sup>described cardiac arrhythmias in experimentally induced syncope and, recently, Schoenberg et al<sup>4</sup>reported a case of micturition syncope with transient complete heart block. We report a case of micturition syncope associated with atrial fibrillation and hypokalemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old truck driver was admitted to the hospital with atrial fibrillation. After drinking 1.41 liters of beer, he had gone to see a movie. Half an hour later, he got up from his seat and went to the toilet to urinate. While urinating, he suddenly became unconscious, fell, and hit the occipital area of his head. On examination, he was feeling well except for some paresthesia in his neck. There was no previous history of