tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More on the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death
Authors: Ronald V. Loge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998More on the Most Terrible of the Ministers of DeathRonald V. Loge, MDRonald V. Loge, MDDillon, MT 59725Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to add a historical footnote to Barquet and Domingo's concise history of smallpox [1]. In 1803, Thomas Jefferson outlined his plans for Meriwether Lewis's exploration of the Louisiana Purchase and western continent. Well-versed in the value of the kine-pox (cow pox) vaccination, Jefferson advised, “Carry with you some matter of the kine-pox; inform those of them with whom you may be, of its efficacy as a preservative from smallpox; & instruct & encourage them in the use of it. This may be especially done wherever you winter” [2].Lewis intended to follow this prescription, ...References1. Barquet N, Domingo P. Smallpox: the triumph over the most terrible of the ministers of death. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:635-42. Google Scholar2. Jackson D, ed. Letters of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with Related Documents, 1783-1854. Urbana, IL: Univ of Illinois Pr; 1962. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dillon, MT 59725 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 784KeywordsDeath ratesPreservativesRiversVaccinesVision Issue Published: 1 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits tumour necrosis factor‐α stimulated intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression in normal cutaneous human melanocytes and in melanoma cell lines
Authors: None Hedley, None Gawkrodger, None Weetman, None Morandini, None Boeynaems, None Ghanem, None Mac Neil
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was found significantly to reduce tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in normal adult cutaneous melanocytes. The maximum inhibitory response to α-MSH was obtained at around 10−10 mol/L α-MSH when cells were coincubated with α-MSH and TNF-α for 24 h. α-MSH had little or no effect on basal ICAM-1 expression in melanocytes and the effects of α-MSH could be mimicked with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Preliminary data in three human melanoma cell lines also showed α-MSH and forskolin to be effective in significantly reducing TNF-α stimulated ICAM-1 expression over 24 h. The extent of the inhibition varied from cell line to cell line and was greatest in those cells with the highest number of α-MSH receptors. These data suggest that α-MSH has the ability to oppose the action of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α on melanocytes and melanoma cells.
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

There is present in inflammatory exudates a factor which induces a prompt increase in the permeability of normal capillaries. Its liberation and presence in exudates offers a reasonable explanation for the mechanism of increased permeability of small vessels in injured tissue. A method for the isolation and purification of this permeability factor has been described. In its essential features, this consists of treating the exudate with pyridine followed by acetone. After separation of the protein fractions further purification can be obtained by prolonged extraction with butyl alcohol or by subjecting the acetone supernatant fraction to low temperature (-20 degrees C.). The latter favors spontaneous separation of the active principle. The purified material is a crystalline doubly refractive nitrogenous substance. The factor is evidently not a protein, yet it contains amino and carboxyl groups. It gives a positive test for the presence of an indole nucleus in its structure (Adamkiewicz test). The active material is dialyzable; and it is precipitated by concentrated ammonium sulfate. The present evidence indicates that it is an intermediary breakdown product of protein metabolism, probably belonging to the group of relatively simple polypeptides. Further studies are being conducted in an endeavor to determine its precise chemical structure.
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Exercise tolerance testing
Authors: J. Hill
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the last years, new researches focused on the role of biomechanical stress and microdamage in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and, in particular, in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Animal models showed how entheseal stress and physical exercise could contribute to the development of inflammation and new bone formation at entheseal and articular sites, by activating innate immune system and the release of cytokines. Furthermore, clues of the involvement of biomechanical stress in the development of axSpA are present in clinical experiences. However, rehabilitation and exercise programmes are the cornerstone of treatment for axSpA, reducing disease activity and improving spinal function and quality of life. The concept of mechanical stress as a contributor to disease development and progression represents, potentially, a conceptual challenge for this approach. The aim of this review is to discuss the current evidence on the intriguing contribution of the biomechanical stress to the pathogenesis of inflammation and new bone formation and to evaluate and reflect on the role of exercise in the treatment and in the management of the disease, considering both the beneficial effects and its possible paradoxical action.
Job advertisements from the tobacco industry
Authors: R. South
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Vitamin C depletion and pressure sores EDITOR,-Helen F Goode and colleagues cite the main risk factors for pressure sores in elderly people-namely, acute illness, poor mobility, long periods on high pressure surfaces, incontinence, and confusion.'They did not control for these effects so are unwise to conclude that there is a significant association between vitamin C and the development of pressure sores in elderly subjects with femoral neck fractures, particularly since the patients were unselected.Rather than seek a "clear cut risk factor which determines why one patient should develop a sore given the same conditions as another patient," the authors could perhaps have used an instrument such as the Waterlow pressure sore assessment score.2This instrument acknowledges that the risk of developing pressure sores is multifactorial, but its application allows an appropriate care plan to be constructed, including the allocation of equipment such as mattresses to prevent the condition arising in the first place.'Such a system is used routinely in many units caring for elderly people.
Estimation of coronary flow reserve by transesophageal coronary sinus Doppler measurements in patients with syndrome X and patients with significant left coronary artery disease
Authors: Manfred Zehetgruber, Gerald Mundigler, Günter Christ, Deddo Mörtl, Peter Probst, Helmut Baumgartner, Gerald Maurer, Peter Siostrzonek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Quality — Can We Measure It?
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Assuring the quality of care is rapidly becoming a big business. Considering both the PSRO program with its Medical Care Evaluation studies and the Joint Commission of Hospital Accreditation with its Performance Evaluation Procedure audits, about 50,000 audits concerning quality of inpatient care will probably be performed in 1977. At an estimated $5,000 per audit, expenditures of about $250 million are already occurring. The extent to which such spending will contribute to improvements in health remains ambiguous, however.In this issue of the Journal, Nobrega and his colleagues question the validity of the method of explicit process criteria, which . . .
VASOPRESSIN TEST IN AN ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC-HORMONE-PRODUCING TUMOR
Authors: JULIA H. HAUGER-KLEVENE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 January 1969VASOPRESSIN TEST IN AN ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC-HORMONE-PRODUCING TUMORJULIA H. HAUGER-KLEVENE, M.D., PH.D.JULIA H. HAUGER-KLEVENE, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-235_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The article entitled "Vasopressin in the Evaluation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Function" by Tucci and associates (Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 191, 1968) suggested that the vasopressin test is useful to determine the underlying cause of Cushing's syndrome. According to the authors, it is possible to differentiate between adrenal hyperplasia of pituitary origin and adrenal carcinoma with this test.We (1) have reported a case of Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenocorticotrophic-hormone-(ACTH) producing oat cell carcinoma * in whom plasma corticoids were 37.8 µg/100 ml and plasma ACTH, 4.8 milliunits/100 ml. The postinfusion levels after the administration of 10...References1. HAUGER-KLEVENELEARYCOLEHOWE JHWVWC: Effects of treatment on plasma ACTH in oat-cell carcinoma of the lung (abstract). Presented at the American Association of Cancer Research, 1967, Chicago, Ill. Google Scholar2. STROTTNAKAGAWANANKINNUGENT CAKHCA: A phenylalanine-lysine-vasopressin test of ACTH release. J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 448, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CLAYTONLIBRIKGARDNERGUILLEMIN GWLRLR: Studies on the circadian rhythm of pituitary adrenocorticotropic release in man. J. Clin. Endocr. 23: 975, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. GWINUP G: Tested for pituitary function using vasopressin. Lancet 2: 572, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. NELSONMACKAYSHERIDANWEAVER JKJSBJA: Intermittent therapy with corticotropin. Lancet 2: 78, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1969Volume 70, Issue 1Page: 235-237KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneBlood plasmaPlasma cellsVasopressin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypoxia-mediated induction of endothelial cell interleukin-1 alpha. An autocrine mechanism promoting expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on the vessel surface.
Authors: R Shreeniwas, S Koga, M Karakurum, D Pinsky, E Kaiser, J Brett, B A Wolitzky, C Norton, J Plocinski, W Benjamin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Tissue injury that accompanies hypoxemia/reoxygenation shares features with the host response in inflammation, suggesting that cytokines, such as IL-1, may act as mediators in this setting. Human endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to hypoxia (PO2 approximately 12-14 Torr) elaborated IL-1 activity into conditioned media in a time-dependent manner; this activity was completely neutralized by an antibody to IL-1 alpha. Production of IL-1 activity by hypoxic ECs was associated with an increase in the level of mRNA for IL-1 alpha, and was followed by induction of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during reoxygenation. During reoxygenation there was a three- to five-fold increased adherence of leukocytes, partly blocked by antibodies to endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and ICAM-1. Suppressing endothelial-derived IL-1, using either antibodies to IL-1 alpha, specific antisense oligonucleotides or the IL-1 receptor antagonist, decreased leukocyte adherence to reoxygenated ECs, emphasizing the integral role of IL-1 in the adherence phenomenon. Mice subjected to hypoxia (PO2 approximately 30-40 Torr) displayed increased plasma levels of IL-1 alpha, induction of IL-1 alpha mRNA in the lung, and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 in pulmonary tissue compared with normoxic controls. These data suggest that hypoxia is a stimulus which induces EC synthesis and release of IL-1 alpha, resulting in an autocrine enhancement in the expression of adhesion molecules.
Mortality Reduction in a Coronary Care Unit
Authors: A. J. Goble, G. Sloman, J. S. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

reveals an overall mortality rate of 5.7 %.Two hundred and fifty patients are in normal health leading active lives.Conversion to total ileostomy has been necessary in 14 cases (5%0 of operative survivors), because of the development of carcinoma of the rectum, stricture, incontinence, or other complications.The indications for this type of operation in acute and chronic diseases are discussed.It is suggested that the best results in the surgical management of patients with ulcerative colitis can be achieved only in special centres.
Estrogen Improves Endothelium-Dependent, Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Eric H. Lieberman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To assess the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women.Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.University medical center.13 postmenopausal women aged 44 to 69 years (average age, 55 +/- 7 years).Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, oral estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/d, and oral estradiol at a dose of 2 mg/d. Each treatment phase lasted 9 weeks.High-resolution ultrasonography was used to measure vascular reactivity in a peripheral conduit vessel, the brachial artery. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was determined by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter during increases in flow induced by reactive hyperemia. Endothelium-independent vasodilation was measured after sublingual nitroglycerin was administered.Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery was greater when patients received estradiol (13.5% and 11.6% for 1-mg and 2-mg doses, respectively) than when patients received placebo (6.8%; P < 0.05 for each dose compared with placebo). In contrast, estrogen administration had no effect on endothelium-independent vasodilation as assessed by sublingual nitroglycerin.Short-term estrogen replacement therapy improves flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. This improvement may be mediated by a direct effect of estrogen on vascular function or may be induced through modification of lipoprotein metabolism.
Determinants of Depression in the ECLIPSE Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cohort
Authors: Nicola A. Hanania, Hana Müllerova, Nicholas W. Locantore, Jørgen Vestbo, Michael L. Watkins, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Stephen I. Rennard, Amir Sharafkhaneh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Depression is prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, its etiology and relationship to the clinical features of COPD are not well understood.Using data from a large cohort, we explored prevalence and determinants of depression in subjects with COPD.The Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints study is an observational 3-year multicenter study that enrolled smokers with and without COPD and nonsmoker controls. At baseline, several patient-reported outcomes were measured including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale. For the purposes of this analysis, depression was defined as a score of 16 and higher on this scale, which reflects a high load of depressive symptoms and has a good correspondence with a clinical diagnosis of major depression.The study cohort consisted of 2,118 subjects with COPD; 335 smokers without COPD (smokers); and 243 nonsmokers without COPD (nonsmokers). A total of 26%, 12%, and 7% of COPD, smokers, and nonsmokers, respectively, suffered from depression. In subjects with COPD, higher depression prevalence was seen in females, current smokers, and those with severe disease (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]-defined). Multivariate modeling of depression determinants in subjects with COPD revealed that increased fatigue, higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD patients score, younger age, female sex, history of cardiovascular disease, and current smoking status were all significantly associated with depression; physiologic and biologic measures were weak or nonsignificant descriptors.Depression is more prevalent in subjects with COPD compared with smokers and nonsmokers without COPD. Clinical and biologic measures were less important determinants of depression in COPD than disease symptoms and quality-of-life. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00292552).
1089-114 C-reactive protein but not markers of myocardial necrosis may preclude endomyocardial biopsy for the detection of cardiac allograft rejection
Authors: Carlos T Aguilar, Maria J Rebocho, Miguel Abecassis, Rafael Hernandez, Nuno Jardim, João Figueira, Rosa Gouveia, João Q Melo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A UNILATERAL PARADOXICAL PULSE.
Authors: ALBION WALTER HEWLETT
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —L. A., aged 17. Family and past history were negative. <h3>History.</h3> —Beginning in March, 1903, the patient was confined to bed for three months owing to a fever that was supposed to be typhoid, with relapse. During this illness he had very little cough or headache, but toward its termination he experienced severe pain in the left side, which lasted about a week and was made worse by cough and by deep inspiration. A week later lie noticed, for the first time, that the left side of his chest was smaller than the right. He believes that this change in his chest took place overnight, and he is very certain that it had not existed before his illness. Since this fever he has been troubled more or less with weakness and with dyspnea on exertion. He has at present no edema, cough, or pain in the side. <h3>Examination.</h3> —This
A Mutation Conferring Resistance to Imatinib at the Time of Diagnosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Catherine Roche-Lestienne, Jean-Luc Laï, Stéphane Darré, Thierry Facon, Claude Preudhomme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: Acquired resistance to imatinib mesylate caused by kinase-domain mutations is common in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who are treated with the drug.1 Until now, such mutations have been reported only at the time of clinically apparent resistance or relapse.2,3 We describe a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in whom a minor population of imatinib-resistant cells were present at the time of diagnosis. A 67-year-old man presented in August 2001 (month 0) with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells revealed 46,XY,t(9;22;12)(q34;q11;q11) in 35 percent of metaphases and 48,XY,t(9;22;12)(q34;q11;q11),+8,+der(22)(q34;q11) in 65 percent of . . .
Sex Differences in Long-Term Mortality After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Emily M. Bucholz, Neel M. Butala, Saif S. Rathore, Rachel P. Dreyer, Alexandra J. Lansky, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Studies of sex differences in long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction have reported mixed results. A systematic review is needed to characterize what is known about sex differences in long-term outcomes and to define gaps in knowledge.We searched the Medline database from 1966 to December 2012 to identify all studies that provided sex-based comparisons of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Only studies with at least 5 years of follow-up were reviewed. Of the 1877 identified abstracts, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 39 were included in this review. Most studies included fewer than one-third women. There was significant heterogeneity across studies in patient populations, methodology, and risk adjustment, which produced substantial variability in risk estimates. In general, most studies reported higher unadjusted mortality for women compared with men at both 5 and 10 years after acute myocardial infarction; however, many of the differences in mortality became attenuated after adjustment for age. Multivariable models varied between studies; however, most reported a further reduction in sex differences after adjustment for covariates other than age. Few studies examined sex-by-age interactions; however, several studies reported interactions between sex and treatment whereby women have similar mortality risk as men after revascularization.Sex differences in long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction are largely explained by differences in age, comorbidities, and treatment use between women and men. Future research should aim to clarify how these differences in risk factors and presentation contribute to the sex gap in mortality.
"Duodenal Capsule" for Localization of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Richard R. Babb
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Occasionally patients with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage are too ill or uncooperative for diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy, barium x-ray studies, or selective abdominal arteriography. Bleeding mucosal lesions will show blood on a swallowed string at approximately 35 to 40 cm if in the esophagus, at 40 to 55 cm in the stomach, and at 55 to 75 in the proximal duodenum. Various string tests for localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage have been the subject of several previous articles. 1-3   Our experience with more than 60 patients using umbilical tape and either a small lead ball 2 or mercury filled finger cot 3 as the weighted end has shown 40% unable to swallow the string or to keep it down. Switz and North 4 reported 7 of 22 nonbleeding subjects could not swallow a 0.63-cm braided tape. They also found that 12 of the 15 subjects had blood on
DNA Polymerase ζ Regulates Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Mutagenicity, and The Rate of Development of Cisplatin Resistance
Authors: Fang Wu, Xinjian Lin, Tsuyoshi Okuda, Stephen B. Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract DNA polymerase ζ participates in translesional bypass replication. Here we show that reduced expression of the catalytic subunit hREV3 renders human fibroblasts more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, reduces their sensitivity to the ability of cisplatin exposure to generate drug resistant variants in the surviving population, and reduces the rate of emergence of resistance to cisplatin at the population level. Reduction of REV3 mRNA did not alter the rate of cisplatin adduct removal but did impair both spontaneous and cisplatin-induced extrachromosomal homologous recombination and attenuated bypass replication as reflected by reduced ability to express luciferase from a platinated plasmid. Cisplatin induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in hREV3 mRNA. The results indicate that, following formation of cisplatin adducts in DNA, REV3 mRNA levels increase, and polymerase ζ functions to promote both cell survival and the generation of drug-resistant variants in the surviving population. We conclude that when cisplatin adducts are present in the DNA, polymerase ζ is an important contributor to cisplatin-induced genomic instability and the subsequent emergence of resistance to this chemotherapeutic agent.