tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preliminary thermographic evaluation of new nitroglycerine tape on the peripheral circulatory disturbance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: C Kan, S Akimoto, M Abe, K Okada, O Ishikawa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

To evaluate the effects of newly developed nitroglycerine (NTG) tape on the peripheral circulatory disturbance in systemic sclerosis (SSc).The finger temperature (FT) of 25 patients with SSc was monitored by thermography before the application of NTG tape to the wrist and one hour afterwards. To check the placebo effect, the change of FT with placebo tape in six patients who had shown a distinct rise in FT (>2 degrees C) with NTG tape was monitored.Twenty one patients with SSc had a low FT before the application of NTG tape (colder than mean-2SD of normal controls). FT was significantly raised in patients with SSc after the application of NTG tape (p<0.01). Patients with low FT showed a distinct rise in FT more often than patients with a normal FT (71% v 0%, p<0.01). FT was raised with NTG tape more than with placebo tape (4.2 (SD 1.9) degrees C v 2.2 (2.8) degrees C, p<0.05).The application of NTG tape increases peripheral circulation in patients with SSc who have distinct circulatory disturbance. The application of NTG tape may improve peripheral circulatory disturbance in SSc.
Adjuvant trastuzumab for breast cancer
Authors: Rebecca Dent, Mark Clemons
Journal: BMJ (2005)

We need to ensure that equity exists for access to effective and expensive treatments 

I n an era when encouraging headlines for the treatment of cancer seem to come and go, the results of randomised trials of adjuvant trastuzumab for treating breast cancers that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have been rightly viewed as “stunning.”1 The implications are relevant not only to patients with respect to significantly reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and death but also to all involved in the delivery of health care. We need to ensure that the process for funding of these highly effective treatments remains equitable not only between patients with different types of cancer but also between patients in different countries.

HER2 normally helps in the regulation of cell proliferation. Amplification of the HER2/neu oncogene occurs in 25-30% of human primary breast cancers and portends a poorer prognosis.2 Trastuzumab is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody directed against HER2. The success of trastuzumab is an example of true …
Thromboxane Biosynthesis and Platelet Function in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Giovanni Davì, Isabella Catalano, Maurizio Averna, Alberto Notarbartolo, Antonio Strano, Giovanni Ciabattoni, Carlo Patrono
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

It has been suggested that platelet hyperreactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with increased platelet production of thromboxane. We therefore compared the excretion of a thromboxane metabolite and platelet function in 50 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus who had normal renal function and clinical evidence of macrovascular disease and in 32 healthy controls.
Curbside Consultation Practices and Attitudes Among Primary Care Physicians and Medical Subspecialists
Authors: David Kuo
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Informal (curbside) consultations are an integral part of medical culture and may be of great value to patients and primary care physicians.However, little is known about physicians' behavior or attitudes toward curbside consultation.Objective.-Todescribe and compare curbside consultation practices and attitudes among primary care physicians and medical subspecialists.Design.-Survey mailed in June 1997.Participants.-Of286 primary care physicians and 252 subspecialists practicing in Rhode Island, 213 primary care physicians and 200 subspecialists responded (response rate, 76.8%).Main Outcome Measures.-Self-reportedpractices of, reasons for, and attitudes about curbside consultation.Results.-Of primary care physicians, 70.4% (150/213) and 87.5% (175/200) of subspecialists reported participating in at least 1 curbside consultation during the previous week.In the previous week, primary care physicians obtained 3.2 curbside consultations, whereas subspecialists received 3.6 requests for curbside consultations.Subspecialties most frequently involved in curbside consultations were cardiology, gastroenterology, and infectious diseases; subspecialties that were requested to provide curbside consultations more often than they were formally consulted were endocrinology, infectious diseases, and rheumatology.Curbside consultations were most often used to select appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment plans and to determine the need for formal consultation.Subspecialists perceived more often than primary care physicians that information communicated in curbside consultations was insufficient (80.2% vs 49.8%; PϽ.001) and that important clinical detail was not described (77.6% vs 43.5%; PϽ.001).More subspecialists than primary care physicians felt that curbside consultations were essential for maintaining good relationships with other physicians (77.2% vs 38.6%; PϽ.001).Conclusions.-Curbsideconsultation serves important functions in the practice of medicine.Despite the widespread use of curbside consultation, disagreement exists between primary care physicians and subspecialists as to the role of curbside consultation and the quality of the information exchanged.
Inhibition of antigen- and mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation by gold compounds.
Authors: P E Lipsky, M Ziff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Gold sodium thiomalate (GST) inhibited in vitro antigen- and mitogen-triggered human lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Inhibition of responsiveness was observed with concentrations of GST equivalent to gold levels found in serum or tissues of patients receiving chrysotherapy, Inhibition was dependent upon the gold ion itself since GST and gold chloride were both inhibitory whereas thiomalic acid was not. Inhibition could not be explained by nonspecific killing of cells or by an alteration in the kinetics of the responses. GST inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation most effectively when present from the initiation of culture and could not inhibit the responsiveness of cells which previously had been activated by concanvalin A. These findings indicated that GST blocked a critical early step in lymphocyte activation. The degree of GST-induced inhibition of proliferation was increased in cultures of cells partially depleted of monocytes. Moreover, inhibition was reversed by supplementation of these cultures with purified monocytes. These observations suggested that GST blocked thymus-derived (T)-lymphocyte activation by interfering with a requisite function of the monocyte population in initiating such responses. Prolonged incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with GST resulted in diminished mitogen responsiveness upon subsequent culture in the absence of gold. The addition of fresh monocytes restored responsiveness to these populations. Furthermore, preincubation of purified monocytes with GST rendered them deficient in their ability to support mitogen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation on subsequent culture. These observations indicate that the major effect of GST results from interference with the functional capability of the monocyte population.
Clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features of lymphomatoid papulosis with CD8 predominance in 14 pediatric patients
Authors: Aieska de Souza, Michael J. Camilleri, David A. Wada, David L. Appert, Lawrence E. Gibson, Rokea A. el-Azhary
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
CORONARY MICROVASCULAR REMODELING AND CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IN HEART TRANSPLANT PATIENTS: A CORRELATION STUDY OF PATHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FEATURES
Authors: Francesco Tona, Marny Fedrigo, Benedetta Schiavon, Giulia Famoso, Chiara Castellani, Gino Gerosa, Gaetano Thiene, Sabino Iliceto, Annalisa Angelini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Questions for an Epidemic
Authors: Rafael Campo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

It is a perverse reaction, but one that I notice myself having more and more frequently these days. After all, it should not still be happening, not here in America, and most definitely not in Boston, where we probably have more HIV research laboratories and epidemiologists per square inch than anyplace else in the world. Yet here she is, with her squirming, beet-faced toddler on her lap, a metaphor for my unwillingness to give her the result. Behind her, a vast, bottomless, horribly red poppy in a print of the famous Georgia O'Keeffe painting threatens to inundate us, like some . . .
FRACTURE OF FEMUR: A SIMPLE METHOD OF EXTENSION
Authors: B. F. Pendred
Journal: BMJ (1921)

FEMUR. MitsOBurn its opposite sides.For furtlher safety these stitches were made to cross in pairs.Thje clamps were released in order, first from the branches, then the distal, then the proximal, and, as the severest test, the distal clamp was tightened again.Thlere was not the slightest oozing.In view of the exposure of thje site of suture to strain, a graft of fascia lata was fixed as a collar round the vessel at this point, with its fibres transverse to the line of the artery, and with slits to allow the passage of the circumflexes.Above and below a loose stitch in the fascia near by prevented telescoping.The wound was then closed and dressed with gauze wet with 1 in 2,000 flavine.At the close of the operation the radial pulses were equal.After-Hisfory.Convalescence was uneventful.There was pain referred
BMA Annual representative meeting, Manchester, 27 - 30 June: NHS Direct and NHS 24 condemned as flawed by BMA conference
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

UK doctors this week attacked as “seriously flawed” the 24 hour advice from nurses and health information services known as NHS Direct in England and Wales and NHS 24 in Scotland. Representatives at the BMA's annual meeting in Manchester condemned the services as flawed both in ease of access and with regard to clinical safety in relation to triage.

Leslie Murray, a consultant …
TCT-302 Efficacy of Transradial Approach for Coronary Angiography in Octogenarian Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Ivan Gomez-Blazquez, José Antonio B. Alonso, Guillermo Bastos, Antonio de Miguel, Victor A. Jimenez, Alberto Ortiz, Andres Iñiguez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Physical Approaches to the Prevention of Venous Thrombosis-Reply
Authors: William R. Lean
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> The objective of the Kendall Healthcare Products Company advertisement entitled "Risk Assessment/Selected Treatment: Answering the DVT Challenge" was simply to increase awareness of the magnitude of the problem of thromboembolic disease and the availability of effective preventive measures to reduce its incidence. Both of these objectives are, we believe, fully compatible with the key conclusions of the NIH Consensus Development Conference. Our advertisement stated that "according to the NIH Consensus Development Conference report, the use of physical approaches,<i>such as</i>elevation of the bed, graduated compression stockings and sequential pneumatic compression can reduce the incidence of DVT significantly" [italics added]. This listing was not meant to be all-inclusive or brand oriented, but rather to offer generic descriptions of some of the treatment modalities that were evaluated. We referenced sequential pneumatic compression because it was one of the specific, clinically documented modalities that were evaluated. The more general
Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: E. Clinton Texter
Journal: JAMA (1963)

BALLOON-KYMOGRAPH STUDIES of esophageal motility first were reported by Kronecker and Meltzer in 1883. Meltzer came to the United States and was instrumental in founding the American Physiological Society, the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, and the American Society for Clinical Investigation. He was an early member of the American Gastroenterological Association and knew Walter B. Cannon, who preceded him as president of the American Physiological Society. Cannon reported the first use of roentgen rays in the study of esophageal motility in 1898. The best known physiologist of his era, he also served as president of the American Gastroenterological Association.  Interest in the motility of the alimentary canal has increased recently mainly because of the development of new methods and the appreciation of new concepts. This review is concerned with these recent advances.  The rate of blood flow through the vascular system depends on the pressure difference across
Atrial Fibrillation After Surgical Correction of Mitral Regurgitation in Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Steven J. Kernis, Vuyisile T. Nkomo, David Messika-Zeitoun, Bernard J. Gersh, Thoralf M. Sundt, Karla V. Ballman, Christopher G. Scott, Hartzell V. Schaff, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The incidence, determinants, and outcome of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after surgery for mitral regurgitation (MR) are poorly defined but may have important implications for timing of mitral valve surgery.In 762 patients in sinus rhythm with no AF history undergoing MR surgical correction, we examined the rates and prognostic implications of postoperative AF for early AF (within 2 weeks postoperatively) and late AF (>2 weeks after surgery). During postoperative follow-up, 180 patients (24%) experienced new AF (early AF in 136 and late AF in 111). Isolated early AF without recurrence was observed in 69 patients characterized by high angina class and lower left ventricular ejection fraction but no significant left atrial (LA) enlargement. However, overall early AF predicted late AF: 62+/-5% of patients with early AF had late AF at 10 years compared with 9+/-1% of patients without early AF (P<0.0001). Large LA size strongly and independently predicted early AF (P=0.01) and late AF (P=0.003). For late AF, the predictive value of an enlarged LA was cumulative to that of early AF. Postoperative AF was associated with an increased subsequently higher risk of stroke or congestive heart failure (adjusted risk ratio=1.46 [1.04 to 2.05], P=0.03).Postoperative AF is common after surgical correction of MR in patients with no prior history of AF and is associated with increased subsequent morbidity. LA enlargement is independently predictive of postoperative AF and as such, should be integrated into the clinical decision-making process in patients with MR.
The spectrum of small-bowel lesions of AL-type amyloidosis at capsule endoscopy
Authors: G. Mandelli, F. Radaelli, A. Amato, N. Terreni, S. Paggi, G. Spinzi, E. Ceretti, V. Terruzzi
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 49-year-old man presented at the emergency department because of sudden onset of epigastric pain and melena. Blood tests showed a slight increase in cardiac troponin I, and electrocardiogram revealed low QRS voltages with no abnormality consistent with acute myocardial injury. At echocardiography, an initial diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular wall thickening with a sparkling appearance of the myocardium were found. An urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an active bleeding Dieulafoy's lesion in the duodenal bulb, which was successfully treated with epinephrine injection and argon plasma coagulation; two clean-based irregular ulcers in the second tract of the duodenum were also found.
Bile duct antibodies crossreacting with blood group antigens in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: G P Jeffrey, N R Swanson, L J Yarred, W D Reed
Journal: Gut (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine the utility of nasoendoscopy of the upper airway as a predictor of the efficacy of oral appliance treatment in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A total of 61 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe polysomnographically diagnosed OSA were recruited for this study. Using nasoendoscopy, we prospectively assessed the velopharynx and oro/hypopharynx in each patient while awake and in the supine position. We measured cross-sectional area (CSA), and anteroposterior and lateral diameters of the airway before and after mandibular advancement, and expressed the changes in dimensions as expansion ratios (after/before). We then compared the measurements of responders and nonresponders with oral appliance treatment. The expansion ratio (median (interquartile range)) for the CSA was greater in responders compared with nonresponders in the velopharynx (2.9 (2.3–5.0) <i>versus</i> 1.7 (1.5–1.9), p&lt;0.001) and in the oro/hypopharynx (3.4 (2.5–5.6) <i>versus</i> 2.4 (1.8–3.7), p&lt;0.05). Baseline apnoea–hypopnoea index and the CSA expansion ratio of the velopharynx were independent predictors of oral appliance treatment outcome based on a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The estimated area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.87 and the cut-off value of the expansion ratio was 2.00. These results indicate that nasoendoscopy may have significant clinical utility in predicting the success of oral appliance treatment.
Serum MicroRNA Signatures Identified in a Genome-Wide Serum MicroRNA Expression Profiling Predict Survival of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhibin Hu, Xi Chen, Yang Zhao, Tian Tian, Guangfu Jin, Yongqian Shu, Yijiang Chen, Lin Xu, Ke Zen, Chenyu Zhang, Hongbing Shen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose Recent findings that human serum contains stably expressed microRNA (miRNA) have revealed a great potential of serum miRNA signature as disease fingerprints to predict survival. We used genome-wide serum miRNA expression analysis to investigate the role of serum miRNA in predicting prognosis of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods To control disease heterogeneity, we used patients with stages I to IIIa lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, who were treated with both operation and adjuvant chemotherapies. In the discovery stage, Solexa sequencing followed by individual quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays was used to test the difference in levels of serum miRNAs between 30 patients with longer survival (alive and mean survival time, 49.54 months) and 30 patients with shorter survival matched by age, sex, and stage (dead and mean survival time, 9.54 months). The detected serum miRNAs then were validated in 243 patients (randomly classified into two subgroups: n = 120 for the training set, and n = 123 for the testing set). Results Eleven serum miRNAs were found to be altered more than five-fold by Solexa sequencing between longer-survival and shorter-survival groups, and levels of four miRNAs (ie, miR-486, miR-30d, miR-1 and miR-499) were significantly associated with overall survival. The four-miRNA signature also was consistently an independent predictor of overall survival for both training and testing samples. Conclusion The four-miRNA signature from the serum may serve as a noninvasive predictor for the overall survival of NSCLC.
Paediatric surgeons learn safety tricks from pit stop rituals
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i>De novo</i> transcriptome assembly is a powerful tool, widely used over the last decade for making evolutionary inferences. However, it relies on two implicit assumptions: that the assembled transcriptome is an unbiased representation of the underlying expressed transcriptome, and that expression estimates from the assembly are good, if noisy approximations of the relative abundance of expressed transcripts. Using publicly available data for model organisms, we demonstrate that, across assembly algorithms, species, and data sets, these assumptions are consistently violated. Bias exists at the nucleotide level, with genotyping error rates ranging from 30-83%. As a result, diversity is underestimated in transcriptome assemblies, with consistent under-estimation of heterozygosity in all but the most inbred samples. Even at the gene level, expression estimates show wide deviations from map-to-reference estimates, and positive bias at lower expression levels. Standard filtering of transcriptome assemblies improves the robustness of gene expression estimates but leads to the loss of a meaningful number of protein coding genes, including many that are highly expressed. We demonstrate a computational method to partly alleviate noise and bias in expression estimates. Researchers should consider ways to minimize the impact of bias in transcriptome assemblies.
Prevalence of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Polymorphisms in Mild/Moderate and Fatal/Near-Fatal Asthma
Authors: TABASSUM CHAGANI, PETER D. PARÉ, SHOUKANG ZHU, TRACEY D. WEIR, TONY R. BAI, NASSER A. BEHBEHANI, J. MARK FITZGERALD, ANDREW J. SANDFORD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Allele 2 of the polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, and the D allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, have been associated with asthma. We hypothesized that genotypes containing these alleles would show an increased prevalence in asthmatic as compared with nonasthmatic individuals, and would be associated with asthma severity. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were developed to determine TNF-alpha and ACE genotypes among subjects with mild/moderate asthma (n = 92), fatal/near-fatal asthma (n = 159), no asthma (n = 43), and random population controls (n = 252). The TNF-alpha -308 polymorphism was increased in both subjects with mild/moderate (p = 0.03) and those with fatal/near fatal asthma (p = 0.02) versus those without asthma, and in all subjects with asthma versus random population controls (p = 0.02). The mild/moderate group was subdivided into subjects with mild (n = 43) and those with moderate (n = 33) asthma. TNF-alpha -308 was increased in the moderately asthmatic versus the nonasthmatic subjects (p = 0.003), and in the mildly asthmatic subjects (p = 0.01). However, TNF-alpha -308 was not significantly more prevalent in the fatal/near-fatal than in the mild/moderate asthmatic group. The ACE-D allele did not show an association with either asthma or asthma severity. We conclude that the TNF-alpha -308 polymorphism may be a risk factor for asthma but does not increase the risk of a fatal or a near-fatal asthma attack, whereas the ACE polymorphism is not associated with asthma in this population.
Normal course of events amongst Swedish soccer players: an 8-year follow-up study.
Authors: J Ekstrand, H Roos, H Tropp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

In this study 180 male soccer players entered into a prospective study of injuries in 1980. They were examined again in 1988. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the course of events during their active period. The study was carried out using a questionnaire. The importance of major injuries was evaluated. Hospital records were scrutinized and 179 of 180 (99 per cent) were included in the evaluation.