tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14355: Inhibition of ROS in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Improves Baroreflex Function in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kiyohiro Ogawa, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Takuya Kishi, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background:  Previous studies suggest that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a vasomotor center in the brainstem, contributes to sympathoexcitation. It has been well established that cardiovascular diseases often impair baroreflex.   Hypothesis:  The aim of the present study was to determine whether the inhibition of ROS in the RVLM by the overexpression of Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) improves baroreflex function and to determine the process of change between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and blood pressure (BP) or heart rate (HR) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).   Methods and Results:  We inhibited ROS production in the RVLM by transfecting adenovirus vectors encoding either MnSOD (AdMnSOD) or β-galactosidase (Adβgal) into the RVLM. Baroreflex sensitivity (spontaneous sequence method) was significantly lower in untreated-SHRSP than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (1.66±0.02 vs. 2.15±0.06 ms/mmHg, p   Conclusion:  These results indicate that ROS in the RVLM impairs BRS via activation of sympathetic nervous system. Second, our findings suggest that the improved BRS is due to the inhibition of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, but not activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The Changing Pattern of Imported Malaria in British Visitors to Kenya 1987–1990
Authors: D I Pryce, R H Behrens, D J Bradley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1993)

Following a sudden increase of imported malaria from Kenya in December 1989-January 1990, an investigation was set up to identify risk factors for travellers' malaria. A questionnaire asking for details of travel patterns and compliance with prophylaxis was sent to cases reported over the 6-month Kenyan winter period. Quarterly malaria attack rates between January 1987 and June 1991 were calculated and linked to meteorological conditions in Mombasa. The number of travellers to Kenya has doubled in the 4 years studied and the quarterly rates varied 4-fold over this period. There was no clear seasonal pattern of malaria in travellers, nor was there any clear relation of malaria to coastal rainfall. Compliance with chemoprophylaxis was poor, with only 16% of cases using currently advised regimens. While the annual malaria attack rate per 10 000 travellers decreased by 37% over the study period, the total numbers of malaria cases imported from Kenya rose by 61%, reflecting the increase in the numbers of travellers to the region. As the popularity of East Africa as a tourist destination continues to increase, Kenya will remain an important and significant source of malaria imported into the UK.
Randomized trial of cisplatin versus cisplatin plus mitolactol versus cisplatin plus ifosfamide in advanced squamous carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Authors: G A Omura, J A Blessing, L Vaccarello, M L Berman, D L Clarke-Pearson, D G Mutch, B Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Cisplatin, mitolactol (dibromodulcitol), and ifosfamide have been the most active single agents in squamous carcinoma of the cervix identified so far by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG). Combinations of cisplatin plus ifosfamide and cisplatin plus mitolactol are prospectively compared with cisplatin alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized to receive cisplatin 50 mg/m2 or the same dose of cisplatin plus mitolactol (C + M) 180 mg/m2 orally on days 2 to 6, or cisplatin plus ifosfamide (CIFX) 5 g/m2 given as a 24-hour infusion plus mesna 6 g/m2 during and for 12 hours after the ifosfamide infusion, every 3 weeks for up to six courses. Of 454 patients entered, 438 were eligible and analyzed for response and survival. RESULTS CIFX had a higher response rate (31.1% v 17.8%, p = .004) and longer progression-free survival (PFS) time (P = .003) compared with cisplatin alone. The median times to progression or death were 4.6 and 3.2 months, respectively. C + M showed no significant improvement in these parameters compared with cisplatin alone. Survival was associated with initial performance score (PS; 0 was more favorable; P &lt; .001) and with age (younger was unfavorable, P = .025). There was no significant difference in overall survival between cisplatin and either of the combinations. Leukopenia, renal toxicity, peripheral neurotoxicity, and CNS toxicity were more frequent with CIFX (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION CIFX improved the response rate and PFS duration in advanced cervix cancer compared with cisplatin alone, but at the cost of greater toxicity and with no improvement in survival.
The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer Risk Index: A Multinational Scoring System for Identifying Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenic Cancer Patients
Authors: Jean Klastersky, Marianne Paesmans, Edward B. Rubenstein, Michael Boyer, Linda Elting, Ronald Feld, James Gallagher, Jorn Herrstedt, Bernardo Rapoport, Kenneth Rolston, James Talcott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Febrile neutropenia remains a potentially life-threatening complication of anticancer chemotherapy, but some patients are at low risk for serious medical complications. The purpose of this study was to develop an internationally validated scoring system to identify these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Febrile neutropenic cancer patients were observed in a prospective multinational study. Independent factors assessable at fever onset, predicting low risk of complications, on a randomly selected derivation set, were assigned integer weights to develop a risk-index score, which was subsequently tested on a validation set. RESULTS: On the derivation set (756 patients), predictive factors were a burden of illness indicating absence of symptoms or mild symptoms (weight, 5; odds ratio [OR], 8.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.15 to 16.38) or moderate symptoms (weight, 3; OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 2.18 to 6.29); absence of hypotension (weight, 5; OR, 7.62; 95% CI, 2.91 to 19.89); absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (weight, 4; OR, 5.35; 95% CI, 1.86 to 15.46); presence of solid tumor or absence of previous fungal infection in patients with hematologic malignancies (weight, 4; OR, 5.07; 95% CI, 1.97 to 12.95); outpatient status (weight, 3; OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.02 to 6.04); absence of dehydration (weight, 3; OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.89 to 7.73); and age less than 60 years (weight, 2; OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.51 to 4.01). On the validation set, a Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk-index score ≥ 21 identified low-risk patients with a positive predictive value of 91%, specificity of 68%, and sensitivity of 71%. CONCLUSION: The risk index accurately identifies patients at low risk for complications and may be used to select patients for testing therapeutic strategies that may be more convenient or cost-effective.
Rapid identification of uropathogenic Escherichia coli of the O25:H4-ST131 clonal lineage using the Diversi-Lab repetitive sequence-based PCR system
Authors: S.H. Lau, J. Cheesborough, M.E. Kaufmann, N. Woodford, A.R. Dodgson, K.J. Dodgson, E.J. Bolton, A.J. Fox, M. Upton
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Heterogeneity of Human Natural Killer Cells With Respect to Lectin-Binding Ability&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: I Frydecka, B Slesak, M Benczur, A Harlozinska-Szmyrka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The binding ability of peanut agglutinin (PNA), lentil agglutinin (LEN), soybean agglutinin (SBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and asparagus pea agglutinin (ASP) to human natural killer (NK) cells with the use of the double-marker immunofluorescence technique was studied. For identification of NK cells, VEP 13 (DC 16) monoclonal antibody was used. The receptor for PNA lectin was shown exclusively after neuraminidase treatment of cells, and VEP 13 antigen was neuraminidase resistant. The majority of VEP 13+ cells showed coexpression of lectin receptors for PNA, LEN, and WGA. Our results suggested that VEP 13 antigen and PNA receptor are two distinct membrane structures, whereas there is some competitive binding between LEN as well as WGA lectin and VEP 13 antibody. In double-marker experiments using PNA and LEN lectin, the small fraction of VEP 13+ cells lacking receptors for these lectins was found. In spite of neuraminidase treatment of the cells, no binding of SBA and ASP was shown. These results indicated apparent heterogeneity of NK cells with respect to lectin receptor expression. WGA lectin, which bound to all VEP 13+ cells, could probably be useful for isolation of NK cells.
Role of tiotropium in reducing exacerbations in COPD patients when added to long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): The OUTPUL study
Authors: Eliana Ferroni, Valeria Belleudi, Nera Agabiti, Mirko Di Martino, Silvia Cascini, Ursula Kirchmayer, Riccardo Pistelli, Elisabetta Patorno, Lisa Bauleo, Giulio Formoso, Danilo Fusco, Marina Davoli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

For patients with more severe COPD, guidelines advocate the use of more than one long-acting bronchodilator in addition to ICS.Tiotropium has been shown to reduce COPD exacerbations (COPD-E), however benefits when it is used in conjunction with LABA/ICS still have to be demonstrated.We assessed the effect of tiotropium in reducing COPD-E when combined with LABA/ICS.  We performed a cohort study including subjects with COPD hospitalization and at least one prescription of LABA/ICS within 6 months post-discharge. We classified patients as with or without tiotropium on the basis of the index prescription date. We restricted the analysis to new users and followed them for 1 year in an intention-to-treat approach to measure COPD-E rates,either severe(hospitalization) and/or moderate(oral corticosteroids and antibiotics use). We compared the risk of first COPD-E between patients with or without tiotropium, using Cox proportional hazard models (HR,95%CI) adjusting for sex, age, residency, comorbidities, COPD severity, prior drug use.  Patients treated with LABA/ICS were 5657, 31.8% received triple therapy. The overall COPD-E rate was 26.3%. Previous COPD hospitalization, respiratory failure, use of systemic corticosteroids or xanthines were associated with high probability of COPD-E. The adjusted HR in patients with tiotropium vs. patients without was 1.02(0.89-1.17). Similar HRs were seen when severe and moderate COPD-E were considered separately, 1.07(0.90-1.27) and 0.94(0.77-1.15) respectively.  Use of tiotropium in combination with LABA/ICS was not significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of COPD-E vs. LABA/ICS alone.
Abstract 3696: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Amiodarone Versus Amiodarone Plus Losartan Versus Amiodarone Plus Perindopril for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Patients With Lone Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yuehui Yin, Darshan Dalal, Zengchang Liu, Jinjin Wu, Dong Liu, Xianbin Lan, Yin Dai, Li Su, Zhiyu Ling, Qiang She, Kailiang Luo, Kamsang Woo, Jun Dong
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role as a mediator of atrial remodelling in atrial fibrillation (AF). This prospective, randomized study sought to test the hy...
Coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Authors: C L Loprinzi, J Sloan, J Kugler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.9.3167 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9294482 Coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity. C L LoprinzixC L LoprinziSearch for articles by this author , J SloanxJ SloanSearch for articles by this author , J KuglerxJ KuglerSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.9.3167 PDF "Coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(9), pp. 3167–3168© 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Counterpoint: Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity Is Not of Value for Early Detection of Cancer
Authors: Andrew J. Vickers
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Firm evidence shows that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity is statistically associated with many prostate cancer outcomes, including those related to early detection. However, the clinical use of a marker depends on clinical and statistical significance. Before PSA velocity is used to inform decisions such as whether to perform a biopsy, evidence should be clear that doing so would improve clinical outcome. A systematic review on PSA velocity found that almost no studies had evaluated whether PSA velocity aids in clinical decision-making. Since that time, several reports have indicated that including PSA in a statistical model alongside standard predictors (eg, PSA, digital rectal examination) does not improve predictive accuracy. Specifically, performing a biopsy on men with high PSA velocity in the absence of other indications, as recommended by the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Prostate Cancer Early Detection, would lead to many millions of unnecessary biopsies, without a corresponding number of aggressive cancers being detected. Advocates of PSA velocity have been reduced to citing a single article claiming that PSA velocity aids in clinical decision-making. The article involves selective reporting of an unusual subgroup analysis based on an extremely limited number of events. This is not to say that, in clinical practice, urologists should ignore prior PSA values: clinical judgment can be aided by careful longitudinal evaluation of PSA changes, interpreted in the context of symptoms and treatments. However, the literature clearly shows that simplistic application of PSA velocity cutoffs is not of value for early detection of prostate cancer.
Serious Eye Injury from Windscreen Contact
Authors: S J Keightley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

A retrospective survey was carried out of serious eye injury caused by windscreen contact in road traffic accidents over a 6–year period. All 15 patients had contacted toughened windscreens, and all but one did not wear seat belts. The cost in terms of pounds sterling paid out by the National Health Service, and also the cost in terms of visual handicap were assessed. It was found that of the 15 patients admitted during this time, the treatment of the large majority cost at least twice as much as that for patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. This was primarily due to the longer hospitalization necessary. Only 2 patients retained a visual acuity of 6/6.
Abstract 348: Multi-Species Genome-Wide Analyses of the Specification of Individual Cardiac Cell Fates
Authors: Brian Busser, Julian Haimovich, Guokai Chen, Ivan Ovcharenko, Alan Michelson
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

There are remarkable molecular and embryological similarities in cardiogenesis between Drosophila and vertebrates. Cells comprising the Drosophila heart can be subdivided into individual identities based on differences in morphology, function and gene expression patterns. Recent studies have shown that differential modifications of histone proteins, in vivo transcription factor (TF) binding, and the presence of particular TF binding motifs can be used as predictive signatures of the enhancers that govern cell-specific gene expression. Here we used discriminative training methods within an integrative, multi-species framework to uncover the motifs, enhancers and genes underlying cardiac cell fate decisions. As an initial step, we undertook a large-scale validation of Drosophila heart enhancers, which revealed enhancer activities in distinct subpopulations of cardiac cells. To identify related cell-specific regulatory elements, we used the validated enhancers as a training set in a machine learning approach that integrated TF motifs with ChIP data for both TF binding and histone modifications. Empirical validation of candidate enhancers predicted by this method confirmed activity in the appropriate cardiac cells. By clustering the motifs derived from the individual cardiac classifiers, we identified and validated sequence features which discriminate specific cellular identities. Next, we asked if similar predictive signatures underlie mouse and human cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We show that the distribution of histone marks found within differentiating human and mouse ESCs indeed predict genes potentially critical for CM differentiation, with the best predictions provided by the overlapping mouse and human candidates. We evaluated this result in a large-scale RNAi-based screen of Drosophila orthologs of the mammalian genes, which uncovered dozens of novel cardiogenic regulators whose function is being tested in differentiating human ESCs. In total, these results document the utility of computational modeling combined with empirical testing to uncover the enhancers, TF motifs and genes which characterize individual cardiac cell fates in both invertebrate and mammalian species.
Decreased airway eosinophilic inflammation, hypersecretion and remodeling in mice lacking all nitric oxide synthase isoforms
Authors: Kentarou Akata, Kazuhiro Yatera, Ke-Yong Wang, Shingo Noguchi, Kei Yamsaki, Toshinori Kawanami, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Yumiko Toyohira, Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Masato Tsutsui, Hiroshi Mukae
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a system consists of three isoforms, inducible NOS (iNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). Several studies have shown that eosinophilic inflammation of the respiratory tract is reduced in asthmatic iNOS-knockout murine model. On the other hand, other studies have shown worsened eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic murine model administrated iNOS inhibitor. These controversial results may be due to compensatory mechanisms by the rest of other NOS isoforms. To elucidate real role(s) of NO and NOSs in eosinophilic inflammation of bronchial asthma, we used the mice deficient in all NOS isoforms (triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice) in this study.

Methods

Wild-type (C57/BL6) mice and triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and the adjuvant and then challenged OVA exposure. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings, interleukin (IL) -4, -5 and -13 in the lung tissues were evaluated.

Results

A decrease of eosinophilic inflammation, bronchial secretion and airway remodeling was observed in triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice in comparison with wild-type mice. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the lung of triply n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were significantly reduced compared to wild-type mice.

Conclusion

Using the mice lacking all isoforms of NOS, NO plays an important role in eosinophilic inflammation, hypersecretion and remodeling in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Paclitaxel rechallenge failure after a major hypersensitivity reaction.
Authors: M S Laskin, K J Lucchesi, M Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.12.2456 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7902427 Paclitaxel rechallenge failure after a major hypersensitivity reaction. M S LaskinxM S LaskinSearch for articles by this author , K J LucchesixK J LucchesiSearch for articles by this author , M MorganxM MorganSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.12.2456 PDF "Paclitaxel rechallenge failure after a major hypersensitivity reaction.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(12), pp. 2456–2457© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical characteristics and risk of melanoma development from giant congenital melanocytic naevi in Korea: a nationwide retrospective study
Authors: S.J. Yun, O.S. Kwon, J.H. Han, S.S. Kweon, M.W. Lee, D.Y. Lee, M.B. Kim, Y.C. Kim, T.Y. Yoon, K.Y. Chung, I.H. Kim, K.H. Kim, K.S. Suh, S.J. Lee, Y.J. Seo, K.H. Kim, H.J. Park, M.R. Roh, K.J. Ahn, T.J. Yoon, M.H. Kim, K.S. Li, J.S. Park, B.S. Shin, J.Y. Ko, H.H. Ahn, H.J. Kim, S.D. Park, S.J. Jang, Y.H. Won
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Giant congenital melanocytic naevi (GCMN) are known risk factors for the development of melanoma. However, melanoma risk among Asians is rarely evaluated.To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk of melanoma development from GCMN in Koreans, we performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Korea. GCMN were defined as those comprising ≥5% body surface area in children or measuring ≥20cm in adults.In total, 131 patients with GCMN were enrolled, with a mean age of 10·3years (range: birth-70years).The posterior trunk was the most common site (67, 51·1%), followed by lateral trunk, anterior trunk, legs, both anterior and posterior trunk, buttocks, and arms. Satellite naevi were present in 69 cases (52·7%), and axial areas were more commonly involved in patients with satellite naevi than in those without satellite lesions. Atypical features such as rete ridge elongation and bridges were seen, and, among these, pagetoid spread and ballooning cell changes were more common in patients <4years old. Proliferative nodules were found in three cases. Melanomas had developed in three of 131 patients (2·3%; a 6-year-old girl, a 14-year-old girl and a 70-year-old man), and the incidence rate was 990 per 100000 person-years. Melanomas in these three patients consisted of two cutaneous melanomas and one extracutaneous meningeal melanoma.We should be aware of melanoma development from GCMN, and lifelong follow-up is required due to the risk of melanoma arising in GCMN.
Microbiological yield of oropharyngeal swab compared to induced sputum in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) < 5 years of age
Authors: Marco Zampoli, Brenda Morrow, Henri Carrara, Heather Zar, Andrew Whitelaw, Anthony Westwood
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Oropharyngeal (OP) swab is a common sputum sampling technique in young children with CF. Sputum induction (IS) with hypertonic saline has not been investigated in this population.   Objective:  To compare the bacteriological yield of OP swabs and IS samples in children    Methods:  paired OP swab and IS samples were collected in children    Results : 76 paired OP swab and IS samples from 90 sampling opportunities were obtained in 27 children (mean age 21 months; range 1-44 months). Culture results were concordant in 39 (51%) paired samples of which 27 were negative cultures. The culture yield from IS for all bacteria was significantly higher compared to OP swabs (47/76 (62%) vs. 28/90 (31 %); p Staphylococcus aureus ( OP swab 17/90 (18.9%); IS 28/76 (36.8%); p=0.015) and non-CF bacteria (OP swab 10/90 (11.1%); IS 23/76 (30.3%); p=0.003) were the commonest isolates. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of an OP swab compared to IS for CF-pathogens was 55%, 95%, 89% and 74% respectively. Minor nose bleeds after nasopharyngeal suctioning occurred on 13 occasions.   Conclusion:  Sputum induction is safe and superior to an OP swab in young children with CF. The role of OP swabs during routine sputum sampling needs further investigation.    Sponsorship:    Astra Zeneca Respiratory Research Grant; SATS; National Research Foundation of Southern Africa .