tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Getting the Information Out Faster and Some Good News About MMWR
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Instant communication is a phenomenon of our time. It pervades society and modifies how we live and work.The JOURNALis on record as strongly favoring the rapid communication of any information necessary to enable physicians, preventive medicine personnel, and other medical care professionals to do their jobs in the best possible way. We perform this mission by: publishing JAMA weekly, offering a fast track to publication for original manuscripts when appropriate, not adhering to any arbitrary Talbott-Ingelfinger-Relman rule, including a superb MEDICAL NEWS section in the front of each issue, providing medical news release packets weekly to more than 2,000 news media organizations, and sending advance copies of JAMA to more than 300 of the most influential television and radio networks and stations and medical reporters and editors. In addition, the American Medical Association offers a daily medical news service called "American Medical Radio News" available through an 800
The Consent Process for Cadaveric Organ Procurement
Authors: Dave Wendler, Neal Dickert
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextUnderstanding the consent process that organ procurement organizations (OPOs) use is crucial to improving the process and thereby reducing the number of individuals who die each year for want of an organ transplant. However, no data exist on OPOs' current consent practices.ObjectiveTo assess whose wishes OPOs follow when procuring solid organs from deceased individuals and whether advance directives and computerized registries might improve the consent process for solid organ procurement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsTelephone survey conducted from June to August 1999 of all 61 active OPOs.Main Outcome MeasuresResponses to the 49-question survey addressing consent practices in specific scenarios of deceased and next of kin wishes.ResultsWidespread divergence exists in OPOs' consent practices for cadaveric solid organ procurement. Regarding overall consent practices, 19 (31%) OPOs reported that they follow the deceased's wishes, 19 (31%) follow the next of kin's wishes, 13 (21%) procure organs if neither party objects, 8 (13%) procure organs if either party consents or neither objects, and 2 (3%) do not follow any of these 4 overall practices. These differences appear to be traceable to implicit ethical disagreements about whose wishes should be followed. A total of 29 (48%) OPOs reported having an official policy to address whether they follow the family's or deceased's wishes. Regarding factors that influence OPOs' choice of consent practice, 29 (48%) respondents ranked impact on the deceased's family as the most important factor, 13 (21%) ranked state law as most important, and 7 (11%) ranked the priority of the deceased's wishes as most important. Durable power of attorney appeared to have substantial weight in OPOs' decisions; for example, in the scenario in which the deceased supported organ donation and the next of kin opposed it, 34 (56%) OPOs reported they were likely to procure organs based on the consent of the holder of the deceased's durable power of attorney, whereas only 7 (11%) reported they were likely to procure organs based on a document of gift (a living will, donor card, or driver's license).ConclusionsExpanding the legal scope of living wills to cover individuals' organ donation preferences would likely have little impact on procurement rates. In contrast, expanding the legal scope of durable powers of attorney for health care may have a significant impact. A national discussion should take place addressing the underlying ethical issues that appear to account for much of the divergence among OPOs' consent practices for cadaveric solid organ procurement.
−429T/C and −374T/A Polymorphisms of RAGE Gene Promoter Are Not Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xu JiXiong, Xu BiLin, Yang MingGong, Liu ShuQin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The interaction between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the cellular receptor of AGE (RAGE) could result in cellular activation and imflammation (1). In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that RAGE plays a important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications (2). It is plausible that genetic differences in the RAGE gene could alter expression and function to affect disease development. …
A strategy for thyroid function tests.
Authors: K E Britton, V Quinn, B L Brown, R P Ekins
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The concept of decision-aiding ranges were introduced to improve diagnostic efficiency. The clinical uncertainty in distinguishing borderline cases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among 1559 consecutive requests for thyroid function tests was 47%. This was reduced to 22% by using the free thyroxine index and to under 2% by using specific tests determined by the decision-aiding ranges.
Systemic Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Reverses Hypoalgesia and Improves Mobility in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Qiuming Chu, Rod Moreland, Nelson S Yew, Joseph Foley, Robin Ziegler, Ronald K Scheule
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Peripheral neuropathy is a particularly debilitating complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes characterized by sensory and motor neuron damage and decreased circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Quite often, an early hyperalgesia is followed by hypoalgesia and muscle weakness. Hypoalgesia can lead to significant morbidity for which there is no current treatment. Hyperglycemic, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rodent models reproduce these symptoms. We investigated whether increasing systemic IGF-1 could improve neuronal function in hyper- and hypoalgesic STZ-treated mice. Increased circulating levels of IGF-1 were achieved by delivering a plasmid or adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector bearing mouse IGF-1 to the liver. Treating mice in the hyperalgesia stage prevented later hypoalgesia. Treating mice in the hypoalgesia stage reversed existing hypoalgesia. This latter effect could be seen by merely restoring IGF-1 serum levels to normalcy, which was possible to achieve by IGF-1 gene therapy or insulin treatment. Sensory nerve functional correction was seen to be correlated with attenuated Schwann cell vacuolization and demyelination in peripheral sensory nerve fibers. A further increase in serum IGF-1 levels with gene therapy also improved motor function, consistent with the observed prevention of both muscle atrophy and peripheral motor nerve fiber demyelination. These results suggest that the restoration of systemic levels of IGF-1 may prove to be a highly effective therapeutic modality for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Transient exposure of macrophages to P38 map kinase inhibition conditions cell responses through MAPK activated protein kinase-2 regulation
Authors: N. Malik, M. Lees, V. Moradi, S. Laufer, G. Schett, M. Burnet, M. Seed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Previous work by the authors suggests that selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, SB203580 and ML3403, have inhibitory effects on adherent accessory cells such as macrophages that last up to 120 h after the drugs are washed off, whereas no such effect is seen in lymphocytes.1 This raises the question as to whether p38 MAPK signalling remains inhibited after washout or whether there is a long term priming effect on the macrophages. To answer this, intracellular p38 MAPK activity of human macrophages transiently exposed to the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, was determined with a substrate phosphorylation assay for different time-points after washout. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) synthesis was also assayed. <h3>Methods</h3> U937 cells, a human monocytic cell line, were differentiated to the macrophage phenotype with PMA (80 nM) for 48 h (PMA-U937 cells). The cells were trypsinised and plated in 12 well plates at 5×10<sup>5</sup>/well. After overnight serum starvation, the cells were incubated with SB203580 for 2 h before being washed four times and rested for various time-points. Cells were then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 30 min and supernatants were collected for TNFα measurement by ELISA and whole cell lysates were prepared for western analysis of downstream targets of p38, transcription factors ATF-2 and MK-2. <h3>Results</h3> PMA-induced differentiation of U937 cells to macrophages was confirmed by extracellular staining with macrophage markers (CD16 and CD51/61) and flow cytometry. LPS stimulated TNFα production by PMA-U937 cells, which was completely inhibited by SB203580. LPS stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of ATF-2 and MK-2. However, only phosphorylation of MK-2 was inhibited by SB203580. Washing the cells after drug incubation restored the ability to stimulate phospho-MK-2 in the macrophages shortly after washout (1 min and 2 h), however the inhibition of MK-2 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK was reasserted 4 h after drug withdrawal. Phospho-ATF-2 remained unaffected throughout, indicating messenger selectivity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This data confirms that p38 inhibition has a selective effect on accessory cells that persists after washout, and that this could be regulated through MAPK activated protein kinase-2. In addition, SB203580 preconditioning appears to have a biphasic effect on macrophages, with inhibition of phospho-MK-2 when the drug is present, no inhibition shortly after washout as would be expected, but with an unexpected secondary inhibition of P38 MAPK phosphorylation of MK-2 at longer time-points. Since preconditioning is not witnessed in T lymphocytes, the inhibition of p38 MAPK may have different anti-inflammatory actions depending on the time elapsed after drug administration.
Role of vitamin D-dependent and vitamin D-independent mechanisms in absorption of food calcium.
Authors: M S Sheikh, A Ramirez, M Emmett, C Santa Ana, L R Schiller, J S Fordtran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We measured net calcium absorption and the calcium content of the digestive glands secretions in people with widely different serum concentrations of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (hereafter referred to a 1,25-D). Patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis served as a model of human 1,25-D deficiency; they were also studied when they had abnormally high serum 1,25-D concentrations as a result of short periods of treatment with exogenous 1,25-D. Normal subjects were studied for comparison. The amount of calcium secreted into the duodenum by the digestive glands was found to be trivial compared to the calcium content of normal or even low calcium meals; therefore, values for net and true net calcium absorption differed only slightly. There was a linear correlation between true net calcium absorption and serum 1,25-D concentration. By extrapolating the short distance to a zero value for serum 1,25-D, D-independent true net calcium absorption was estimated. By subtracting D independent from true net calcium absorption, values for D-dependent absorption were obtained. For a given level of meal calcium intake, D-dependent calcium absorption was found to be directly proportional to serum 1,25-D concentration. At any given value for serum 1,25-D, absorption via the D-dependent mechanism was approximately the same with a low (120 mg) calcium meal as it was when meal calcium intake was increased to 300 mg. We interpret this to mean that the D-dependent mechanism is saturated or nearly saturated by low calcium meals. The D-independent absorption/secretion mechanism resulted in secretion (a loss of body calcium in the feces) when intake was low (120 mg per meal) and absorption when intake was normal. All of the increment in calcium absorption that occurs when low or normal calcium meals are supplemented with extra calcium is mediated by the D-independent mechanism.
Complete Heart Block Induced During Cardiac Catheterization of Patients with Pre-existent Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: PAUL D. STEIN, VIRENDRA S. MATHUR, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, HAROLD D. LEVINE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The hazard of complete atrioventricular block during cardiac catheterization of patients with pre-existent bundle-branch block is described. A catheter-induced bundle-branch block, during catheterization of the ventricle opposite that which was already the site of bundle-branch block, would produce complete heart block in the form of bilateral bundle-branch block. Five patients in whom this complication occurred are described.
General practitioners' experiences of patients' complaints: qualitative study
Authors: A. Jain, J. Ogden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine how general practitioners experience patients9 complaints. <b>Setting:</b> General practices in Lambeth, Southwark, and Lewisham health authority. <b>Participants:</b> Representative sample of 30 general practitioners who had had complaints made against them under either the old or new complaints system. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative study with detailed interviews. <b>Results:</b> Participants described their experiences of patients9 complaints in three stages: initial impact, conflict, and resolution. The first stage described being out of control, feelings of shock and panic, and a sense of indignation towards patients generally. The second stage described the many conflicts generated by the complaint: emotional conflicts such as feelings of anger, depression, and even suicide, conflicts around aspects of professional identity including doubts about clinical competence, conflicts with family and colleagues, and conflicts arising from the management of the complaint. The third stage described a sense of resolution. For many this meant practising defensively, for others it meant planning to leave general practice, and for a minority no resolution was achieved. Not all participants, however, reported such a negative experience. Some described how they had become immune to complaints, and a small minority described the complaint as a learning experience. <b>Conclusion:</b> The initial impact stage and conflict stage may be necessary aspects of the experience that general practitioners endure when they have a complaint made against them. Support structures should, however, be in place to help general practitioners through these stages.
Benefits of a Computerized Pharmacy
Authors: John T. Nazzaro
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The Department of Defense Tri-Service Medical Information Systems Program has developed an automated pharmacy that is proving to be an effective tool for cost containment and quality assurance.  The automated interface between the outpatient pharmacy computer and Baker 103 Drug Cells has resulted in a 20% decrease in prescription filling time. Automation improves pharmacy personnel productivity by (1) the redistribution of work over all hours of operation, (2) improved quality of products such as labels and medication fill lists, and (3) generation of management reports.  Specific examples of improved productivity include an 18% increase in work load over 24 months concurrent with a staffing decrease of 14% at the Air Force Medical Clinic and a 30% increase in work load over 36 months while staffing remained constant at the Naval Hospital in Charleston, SC. The computer system allowed the Naval Hospital to expedite the implementation of unit
Fecal calprotectin and alpha-1 antitrypsin predict severity and response to corticosteroids in gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Paula Rodriguez-Otero, Raphael Porcher, Régis Peffault de Latour, Margarita Contreras, Yoram Bouhnik, Aliénor Xhaard, Annalisa Andreoli, Patricia Ribaud, Nathalie Kapel, Anne Janin, Gérard Socié, Marie Robin
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract 3356: Development of a novel Wnt pathway antagonist antibody, OMP-18R5, that reduces tumor initiating cell frequency in breast cancer
Authors: John Lewicki, Fumiko Axelrod, Lucia Beviglia, Christopher J. Bond, Lucas Donigian, Marcus Fischer, Ann M. Kapoun, Aaron Sato, Sanjeev Satyal, Min Wang, Wan-Ching Yen, Timothy Hoey, Austin Gurney
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which signals through the Frizzled (Fzd) receptor family and several co-receptors, is known to play a critical role in several major cancer types. Mutations in the signalling pathway occur in most cases of human colon cancer, and activation of Wnt signalling through various mechanisms has been reported in multiple major tumor types. We have developed a novel Wnt pathway antagonist antibody, OMP-18R5 which was initially identified by binding to Frizzled7, and subsequently found to also bind several other human FZDs through a conserved epitope within the extracellular domain. OMP-18R5 blocks Wnt binding and canonical signalling induced by multiple Wnt family members. In xenograft studies with minimally passaged human tumors, OMP-18R5 inhibited the growth of a broad range of tumor types and has been found to be particularly active in breast cancer. OMP-18R5 treatment reduced tumor growth and the frequency of tumor initiating cells in combination with pacilitaxel. Furthermore, we found that OMP-18R5 treatment can restore chemosensitivity in drug resistant breast tumors. Molecular analyses indicated OMP-18R5 inhibits the expression of EMT markers in breast tumors, thus providing additional evidence linking EMT with resistance to chemotherapy and cancer stem cells. In addition to combination activity with paclitaxel, OMP-18R5 treatment also resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in combination with trastuzumab in a Her2+ breast cancer model. These data suggest that OMP-18R5, which has recently entered Phase 1 clinical testing, may be useful in the treatment of various types of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3356. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3356
The stability of the radiotriolein bond in intestinal secretions
Authors: A. G. Cox, Z. Hinchliffe
Journal: Gut (1961)

The radiotriolein test has been reported to be unreliable in the diagnosis of steatorrhoea. A possible explanation is provided by these studies in which labelled triolein was incubated in human gastric juice, duodenal juice, and faeces; the bond was not stable on duodenal juice.
Neutropenia caused by methyldopa.
Authors: R Greene, A W Spence
Journal: BMJ (1967)

weed the non-reactors out it is quite unneces- sary to make them collect all their urine for three weeks.The induction of uterine bleeding 10 days to a fortnight after the treatment shows that there has been some response.Basal temperature recording will show in the majority of cases whether ovulation has taken place and may indeed be the earliest indication that conception has taken place.Serial vaginal cytology (vaginal smears taken daily or on alternate days) will give an accurate indication of the oestrogenic response, the induction of ovulation, and the post-ovulatory pro- gestogenic response.Women of even moderate mental capacity can be taught to take their own smears, and they can bring them up to the clinic once a week, once a fortnight, or even once a month.All that is needed is a vaginal cytology unit to interpret them.At present there are very few.There should be more.If there were a great deal of unnecessary routine steroid hormone esti- mations on 24-hour urine specimens would be avoided and steroid chemists would be able to get on with their research work.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract A06: A novel cell line model of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) telomere maintenance mechanism
Authors: Christopher M. Heaphy, Michael C. Haffner, Alan K. Meeker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Unlimited replicative capacity is a key hallmark of cancer that requires the abrogation of telomere attrition due to the end-replication problem. The vast majority of tumors maintain telomere lengths by expressing the enzyme telomerase; however, a subset utilizes a cancer-specific, telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism, termed Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). We recently uncovered a strong correlation between ALT and recurrent cancer-associated somatic inactivating mutations in the ATRX and DAXX genes. The ATRX and DAXX proteins form a chromatin remodeling complex with histone chaperone activity, targeting incorporation of the histone variant H3.3 to G-rich repetitive regions of the genome, including the telomeres, which are known to normally be maintained in a repressed heterochromatic state. Here, we have developed an isogenic cell line pair derived from first generation telomerase knock-out (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Compared to early-passage telomerase KO cells and late passage WT control cells, late-passage telomerase KO cells spontaneously developed the ALT phenotype. These ALT(+) cells display increased DNA damage, as observed by dramatically increased accumulation of γH2AX foci. We plan to use this unique cell line to identify drugs exhibiting selective toxicity for ALT(+) cells. Preliminary results indicate that ALT(+) late-passage telomerase KO cells exhibit an increased sensitivity to the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 compared to the isogenic early-passage ALT(-) telomerase KO cells. The identification of bona fide ALT-specific drugs will pave the way for the development of new targeted treatments for the significant number of cancers that harbor this unique molecular phenotype. Citation Format: Christopher M. Heaphy, Michael C. Haffner, Alan K. Meeker. A novel cell line model of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) telomere maintenance mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A06.
A Study of Prediction and Outcome in a Mental Health Crisis Clinic
Authors: LOUIS A. GOTTSCHALK, RUTH A. FOX, DANIEL E. BATES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Sixty-eight patients who came voluntarily to a crisis intervention clinic were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Those in the first group received immediate intervention therapy while those in the second were put on a waiting list. By the end of six weeks (and after minor changes in the makeup of the groups were taken into account) there was no significant difference in the psychiatric morbidity scores of the two groups; both had improved. The authors used a variety of pretreatment and posttreatment measures and found that the best predictor of a patient's condition at the end of six weeks was his pretreatment psychiatric morbidity score. The authors conclude that individuals vary in both their reactions to life crises and their therapeutic needs and that the central issue may not be the recovery itself, but the difficulty and pain with which it is achieved.
Benefits and Hazards of Reporting Medical Outcomes Publicly
Authors: Mark R. Chassin, Edward L. Hannan, Barbara A. DeBuono
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

As marketplace competition becomes the dominant force for change in the delivery of health care in the United States, its effects on the quality of health care are being sharply debated. There is increasing demand for more data on the quality of care to be made publicly available.1,2 For seven years, the New York State Department of Health has been collecting data to assess the quality of care provided to patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG), and for five years it has made measures of quality publicly available. In this report we summarize the effects of this program and . . .