tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchial asthma (BA) pharmacogenetic profile and therapeutic resistance in slavic population
Authors: Zhanna Mironova, Vasilii Trofimov, Mikhail Dubina, Vasilii Belash, Anna Ulitina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background. MDR1 gene controls steroids (GCS) transport mechanisms, influences cell sensitivity to GCS and determines GCS treatment necessity, efficacy and complications in BA patients.  Aim. To assess the role of MDR1 gene in therapeutic resistant BA (TRBA), predict GCS efficacy.  Methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes. We investigated C3435T of MDR1 gene by PCR-RFLP in 46 TRBA and 76 therapy-sensitive BA (TSBA) patients. GCRα and GCRβ expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR method.  Results. In SDBA group associations were revealed between 3435CC of MDR1 gene and increased risk (IR) of GCS more than 20 mg of prednisolon daily (OR=8,40, 95%CI 1,73 – 40,71); 3435C and IR of TRBA (OR=2.89, 95%CI 1.30-6.40).  In TRBA correlation between 3435T allele of MDR1 gene and number of status asthmaticus episodes in case history was revealed (Spearman R=–0,513; p=0,035; n=17), with IgE level in serum (Spearman R=–0,408; p=0,028; n=29). Correlation between MDR1 polymorphisms and isoforms of GCRb was found also in patients with mild BA course (χ 2 =6,50; df=2; p=0,039).  Conclusion. MDR1 polymorphisms can be prognostic markers of therapeutic resistance and determine the strategy of high doses of GCS administration.
Soluble Mesothelin-related Protein in an Asbestos-exposed Population
Authors: Eun-Kee Park, Alessandra Sandrini, Deborah H. Yates, Jenette Creaney, Bruce W. Robinson, Paul S. Thomas, Anthony R. Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) is raised in epithelial-type malignant mesothelioma (MM), but the utility of SMRP in screening for MM is unknown.We aimed to evaluate SMRP in an asbestos-exposed cohort.A total of 538 subjects were studied. Those with elevated SMRP (> or =2.5 nM) underwent further investigation including positron emission tomography/computed tomography.Mean (+/-SD) SMRP in healthy subjects exposed to asbestos (n = 223) was 0.79 (+/-0.45) nM. Fifteen subjects had elevated SMRP, of whom one had lung cancer, which was successfully resected. Another with lung cancer was undetected by SMRP. No subjects were diagnosed with MM. Mean SMRP in healthy subjects was significantly lower than in subjects with pleural plaques alone (P < 0.01).This is the first large-scale prospective study of SMRP for screening for malignancy in asbestos-exposed individuals. A high false-positive rate was observed. SMRP seems unlikely to prove useful in screening for MM.
Surgical Masks Reduce Airborne Spread of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Colonized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Koen Vanden Driessche, Niel Hens, Peter Tilley, Bradley S. Quon, Mark A. Chilvers, Ronald de Groot, Mark F. Cotton, Ben J. Marais, David P. Speert, James E. A. Zlosnik
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

At a Glance Commentary: Our data provide evidence for the new Cystic Fibrosis Foundation guideline that advises people with CF to wear a surgical mask in healthcare
Smoking in posttuberculosis bronchiectasis syndrome patients
Authors: Beatrice Mahler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Bronchiectasis is the permanent dilation of the bronchial airway. Posttuberculosis bronchiectasis syndrome occurs with the healing of extensive and destructive tuberculosis. The frequency of this association is 15-20%. The smoking – active TB association has a 45-85% frequency rate.   Material and methods:  We assessed 53 patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis, with a mean age of 52.2 (± 12.8) and another 37 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae, mean age of 48.4 (± 16.6). We compared the share of smokers in the two categories.   Results:  In the group of idiopathic bronchiectasis patients, the fraction of smokers was 60.52%, with a 32.1±17.9 PA index; in the group of patients with bronchiectasis secondary to tuberculosis, the fraction of smokers was 71.42%, with a 30.2 (± 11) PA index.   Conclusions:  The number of smokers among posttuberculosis bronchiectasis patients was higher, although the PA index was lower than in idiopathic bronchiectasis patients. The high smoking rate in patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis, as well as the PA index was surprising. I believe the high smoking rate in patients suffering from the posttuberculosis bronchiectasis syndrome was due to their poor socio-economic conditions, which also explains a lower PA index, as well as to the need of implementing health education programs for these categories.
Effect of oxygen on recovery from maximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: N J Stevenson
Journal: Thorax (2004)

The effects of oxygen on recovery from exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not clearly known. A study was undertaken to determine whether oxygen given after maximal exercise reduced the degree of dynamic hyperinflation and so reduced the perception of breathlessness.Eighteen patients with moderate to severe COPD performed maximal symptom limited exercise on a cycle ergometer. During recovery they received either air or oxygen at identical flow rates in a randomised, single blind, crossover design. Inspiratory capacity, breathing pattern data, dyspnoea intensity, and leg fatigue scores were collected at regular intervals during recovery. At a subsequent visit patients underwent a similar protocol but with a face mask in situ to eliminate the effects of instrumentation.When oxygen was given the time taken for resolution of dynamic hyperinflation was significantly shorter (mean difference between air and oxygen 6.61(1.65) minutes (95% CI 3.13 to 10.09), p = 0.001). Oxygen did not, however, reduce the perception of breathlessness during recovery nor did it affect the time taken to return to baseline dyspnoea scores in either the instrumented or non-instrumented state (mean difference 2.11 (1.41) minutes (95% CI -0.88 to 5.10), p = 0.15).Oxygen reduces the degree of dynamic hyperinflation during recovery from exercise but does not make patients feel less breathless than breathing air. This suggests that factors other than lung mechanics may be important during recovery from exercise, or it may reflect the cooling effect of both air and oxygen.
Effects of Albumin Fraction and Linoleic Acid On Growth of Macrophages in Tissue Culture2
Authors: I. N. Dubin, Bernard Czernobilsky, Bernadette Herbst
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Effects of Albumin Fraction and Linoleic Acid On Growth of Macrophages in Tissue Culture Get access I. N. Dubin, M.D., I. N. Dubin, M.D. Department of Pathology, Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard Czernobilsky, M.D., Bernard Czernobilsky, M.D. Department of Pathology, Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernadette Herbst, M.A. Bernadette Herbst, M.A. Department of Pathology, Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 3We are indebted to Dr. Stanislav A. Norkin for the analysis of the fatty acid content of the human albumin fraction. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 34, Issue 1, January 1965, Pages 43–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/34.1.43 Published: 01 January 1965 Article history Received: 05 May 1964 Published: 01 January 1965
SODIUM AND WATER DIURESIS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH INTRACTABLE ASCITES FOLLOWING CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF ALDOSTERONE SYNTHESIS
Authors: D A HOLUB, J W JAILER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

Excerpt Cirrhosis of the liver, in common with the nephrotic syndrome and congestive heart failure, is often complicated by the abnormal retention of sodium and water. The underlying pathophysiolog...
Prostate biopsy for diagnostic of prostate tuberculosis
Authors: Denis Kholtobin, Ekaterina Kulchavenya, Elena Brizhatyuk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

World Health Organization (WHO) recognized tuberculosis (TB) as a global problem, but meant TB as a whole, mostly pulmonary TB, although 77% men died from TB, had prostate TB, mostly overlooked alive. Prostate TB has an importance due to: 1. It is a sexually transmitted disease; 2. It leads to infertility; 3. It results in chronic pelvic pain, that significantly reduces a quality of life; 4. It decreased a sexual function, that reduces a quality of life again.

The aim of our study was to estimate a role of a prostate biopsy in early diagnosis of a prostate TB.

93 patients suspicious on prostate TB were enrolled in study. All underwent ultrasound guided core prostate biopsy (Middle size needle 18 g, 19 mm length) with local anaesthesia. Straws were investigated by PCR, pathomorphology and culture.

Results: Common complaints were pain (96.8%), dysuria (79.6%); laboratory findings - leucospermia (73.1%), haemospermia (51.6%). 37.6% had TB history, 34.4% had active TB of another localization, mostly – pulmonary. Results of PCR: HPV – 10.7%, Ureaplasma – 2.2%. Mycobacteria culture was positive in 6.9%. Pathomorphologically in 94.6% inflammation was found, in 65.6% – fibrosis, in 9.7% - intraprostatic neoplasia, in 5.4% - cancer, in 24.7% - TB.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of prostate TB is a very difficult task, because clinical features and laboratory signs are non-specific. Pathognomonic symptom is a cavern, but caverns mean late-diagnosed complicated form, cavernous prostate TB can't be cured neither chemotherapy nor by surgery. Prostate TB in early infiltrative non-cavernous stage may be diagnosed by PCR, culture or pathomorphology. Possibility of these methods alone is poor, it is necessary to use its in combination.
Impact of Forced Vital Capacity Loss on Survival after the Onset of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Jamie L. Todd, Rahil Jain, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, C. Ashley Finlen Copeland, John M. Reynolds, Laurie D. Snyder, Scott M. Palmer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Emerging evidence suggests a restrictive phenotype of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) exists; however, the optimal approach to its diagnosis and clinical significance is uncertain.Objectives: To evaluate the hypothesis that spirometric indices more suggestive of a restrictive ventilatory defect, such as loss of FVC, identify patients with distinct clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features, including worse survival.Methods: Retrospective, single-center analysis of 566 consecutive first bilateral lung recipients transplanted over a 12-year period. A total of 216 patients developed CLAD during follow-up. CLAD was categorized at its onset into discrete physiologic groups based on spirometric criteria. Imaging and histologic studies were reviewed when available. Survival after CLAD diagnosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.Measurements and Main Results: Among patients with CLAD, 30% demonstrated an FVC decrement at its onset. These patients were more likely to be female, have radiographic alveolar or interstitial changes, and histologic findings of interstitial fibrosis. Patients with FVC decline at CLAD onset had significantly worse survival after CLAD when compared with those with preserved FVC (P < 0.0001; 3-yr survival estimates 9% vs. 48%, respectively). The deleterious impact of CLAD accompanied by FVC loss on post-CLAD survival persisted in a multivariable model including baseline demographic and clinical factors (P < 0.0001; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.86–4.04).Conclusions: At CLAD onset, a subset of patients demonstrating physiology more suggestive of restriction experience worse clinical outcomes. Further study of the biologic mechanisms underlying CLAD phenotypes is critical to improving long-term survival after lung transplantation.
Results of a stage-based protocol for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
Authors: E Schvartzman, G Chantada, A Fandiño, M T de Dávila, E Raslawski, J Manzitti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

To describe the treatment of retinoblastoma at a single institution using a prospective protocol based on histopathologic staging.We included 116 consecutive patients (101 eligible, 46 bilateral) from August 1987 to December 1993. Treatment was enucleation or conservative therapy for intraocular disease (stage I patients). Stage II patients (orbital or postlaminar invasion) received vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin for 57 weeks. Patients with orbital mass and extension beyond the cut end of the optic nerve also received orbital radiotherapy (45 Gy). The latter received intrathecal therapy. In those with CNS (stage III) or hematogenous metastasis (stage IV), cisplatin and etoposide were added along with cranial (in patients with a CNS mass and prophylactically in stage IV) or craniospinal (in patients with positive CSF) radiotherapy.The median follow-up time was 39 months (range, 12 to 84). The overall survival rate was 0.84. Survival rates according to stage were as follows: stage I probability of overall survival [pOS] = 0.97) (alive/total), 59 of 60; stage II (pOS = 0.85) including patients with scattered episcleral cells, three of three; orbital mass, one of one; postlaminar invasion up to and beyond the cut end of optic nerve, 10 of 11 and 11 of 14, respectively; of stage III (pOS = 0), zero of six; and stage IV (pOS = 0.50), three of six. Only those patients with preauricular adenopathy as the only metastatic site survived in the latter group. Acute toxicity was mild.Chemotherapy is not warranted to prevent systemic metastasis for intraocular disease. Patients with extraocular orbital disease and had a good outcome with this therapy. Patients with metastatic disease fared poorly, except for those with isolated malignant preauricular adenopathy.
Health, Wealth, and the 21st Century Cures Act
Authors: Andrew W. Lo, Tomas J. Philipson, Andrew C. von Eschenbach
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Antigen presenting cell populations in the respiratory tract take up size-dependently particles during steady state and allergic airways inflammation
Authors: Fabian Blank, Deborah Strickland, Phil Stumbles, Patrick Holt, Christophe von Garnier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Effects of biomedical particles on lung antigen presenting cells (APC) such as lung parenchyma dendritic cells (LPDC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) alveolar macrophages (AM) remain poorly understood to date. The size-dependent fate of particles and trafficking by APC populations is crucial to understand downstream immunological effects. To study particle uptake in lung APC during steady state and in an experimental allergic airways disease (EAAD) model, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitised BALB/c mice received intra-nasally different sized fluorescent polystyrene particles. Two hours after instillation, BALF/lung parenchyma were collected and analysed by FACS and confocal microscopy. Lung APC populations (AM, CD11b+ LPDC, CD11b- LPDC) were tracked during particle exposure in naive and EAAD mice. In AM, particle uptake occurred independently of size (frequency of particle-positive AM for 50nm: 47±5.1%, 100nm: 63.3±6.1%, 200nm: 63.4±5.3%, 1000nm: 62.1±10.8%, p=0.0516) and was significantly increased during EAAD for 50nm particles only (64.1±1.6%, p=0.0014). In contrast, in both LPDC subsets, particle uptake was generally lower and size dependent (CD11b+ LPDC: 50nm: 4.3±0.7%, 100nm: 5.0±0.9%, 200nm: 8.2±2.4%, 1000nm: 1.5% ±0.3%, p=0.0005 and CD11b- LPDC: 50nm: 21.6±6.5%, 100nm: 4.2±1.1%, 200nm: 10.4±1.7%, 1000nm: 1.9% ±0.3%, p=0.0001). During EAAD CD11b+LPDC were predominant and reduced their capacity for uptake of 50nm particles during EAAD (6.2±0.6%, p=0.044). We conclude that in APC populations, particle size, and the presence of inflammation critically determine uptake of particles in the lung.
Diagnostic performance of the interferon gamma release assay in elderly patients and clinical factors to support the diagnosis of active tuberculosis
Authors: Hiroyuki Kamiya, Soichiro Ikushima, Keisuke Kondo, Kota Satake, Minoru Inomata, Atsuko Moriya, Tsunehiro Ando
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and objective   The understanding of the diagnostic performance of the interferon gamma release assay in elderly patients is crucial in a country like Japan, where the higher rate of a prior history of tuberculosis can affect the test result.   Methods   From a total of four hundred twenty five patients screened, who were suspected of having active tuberculosis and received the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT), 65 patients in younger age group with the age less than 70 years, and 52 patients in elderly age group were eligible for the analysis. The diagnostic performance of the test was compared between two age groups, and the possible clinical factors to discriminate active tuberculosis cases from elderly patients with positive results of the test were also evaluated.   Results   Although the number of patients diagnosed to have active tuberculosis was similar among both age groups, the number of false positive results was significantly higher in elderly patients (4.6% compared to 23.1%). The specificity, positive predictive value and positive likelihood ratio were significantly lower in elderly patients, at 72.7% compared to 93.8%, 36.8% to 83.8%, and 3.21 to 14.12, respectively although other values were almost similar. Radiological findings, such as small nodules and infiltrates, were noted in more cases with active tuberculosis in elderly patients with positive results of the test than with other diseases.   Conclusions   The QFT-GIT test may be less accurate in elderly patients in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis, and radiological findings can be helpful in the clinical evaluation of positive results of the test.
LSC 2012 abstract - Mesenchymal stromal cells identified in tissue from lung-transplanted patients
Authors: S. Rolandsson, A. Andersson-Sjöland, J. Brune, L. Eriksson, I. Skog, L. Hansson, L. Bjermer, S. Scheding, G. Westergren-Thorsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Chronic rejection expressed as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is seen in 50% of lung-transplanted (LT) patients. BO is characterized by extra cellular matrix deposition, where the fibroblast is thought to be a key player. The fibroblast origin is at present not fully known. The fibrocyte is one of the potential origins, and our group has shown that fibrocytes are associated with remodelling in BO. In this study we focused on another origin the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC).  Objectives: Our aims were to examine whether MSC are present in tissue from LT patients. We wanted to evaluate whether these cells displays characteristic MSC properties such as adherent clonal growth, multi-lineage potential and a characteristic surface marker profile.  Methods: MSC were isolated from biopsies of LT patients and the single cell suspension was seeded in colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays. Isolated MSC were differentiated towards adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes.Their surface markers was examined by flow cytometry.  Results: MSC isolated from LT patients formed typical colonies, displayed spindle-shaped morphology and adhered to plastic. Furthermore, cells displayed multi-lineage potential. Analysis of the surface markers showed that MSC showed expression of CD73, CD105 and CD90, but lacked expression of CD45 and CD34.  Conclusions: Our study suggests that MSC are present in lung tissue from LT patients. These cells display colony growth, multipotential and a characteristic MSC surface marker profile.
Grand Rounds--Nottingham City Hospital: A rare cause of superior vena cava obstruction
Authors: T W Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A rare cause of superior vena cava obstruction A rare problem presenting in an unusual way * Thrombus * Vegetation * Myxoma * Pericardial cyst * Hydatid * Other tumours (see below) Primary cardiac tumours * Benign (75%): * Myxoma
Immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-APAH): Improvement in exercise and functional capacity
Authors: Yon Sung, Judith Ashouri, Roham Zamanian, Lorinda Chung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE-APAH. We aimed to assess the effect of aggressive immunosuppression (IMM) added to PAH-specific therapy in SLE-APAH. Stanford9s PAH database was searched for patients who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE and had PAH by right heart catheterization. Those who met ACR criteria for other connective tissue diseases or had  3 months were compared to those on PAH-specific therapy only (non-IMM). Cumulative probability of freedom from worsening New York Heart Association functional class (FC) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared by the log-rank test. Mean changes in parameters between groups were compared by Student9s t-test. Thirteen patients met inclusion criteria; 6 were treated with IMM (3:high dose steroids+mycophenolate mofetil, 2:intravenous cyclophosphamide, 1:hematopoietic stem cell transplant). Mean follow-up was 12.9 months. There was no significant difference in baseline demographics, SLE features, duration of PAH, hemodynamics, FC, 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) or PAH-specific therapy between IMM and non-IMM groups. At follow-up, hemodynamics and PAH-specific therapy did not differ between groups. Mean improvements in FC (-1.2 vs 0.1, p=0.06) and 6MWD (+231 vs -20 m, p=0.02) were higher in the IMM group. The IMM group had more infections (1.8 vs 0.3, p=0.05), but the percent of patients with serious infections did not differ (33% vs 14%, p=0.56). IMM added to PAH-specific therapy may improve functional and exercise capacity in SLE-APAH.
Editorial: Maternal mortality.
Authors: A T Coopland
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A report on maternal deaths in England and Wales during the 3-year period, 1970-1972, is discussed. Maternal mortality is defined as death resulting during pregnancy, labor, or as a consequence of pregnancy or abortion. 606 deaths were reported for the period, 355 of which were directly attributable to pregnancy or childbirth. From 1952-1972, the maternal mortality rate dropped from .67 to .16. Most of the deaths were due to familiar causes: abortion (81), pulmonary embolism (61), toxemia (47), ectopic pregnancy (34), hemorrhage (27), amniotic fluid embolism (22), and ruptured uterus (12). It was thought there were avoidable factors in 34% of the cases. Social patterns and the availablility of obstetrics services may explain the regional variations in maternal mortality rates.