tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Annual zoledronic acid did not increase renal abnormalities at 2 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: Donald A. Molony
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 16, 2008Annual zoledronic acid did not increase renal abnormalities at 2 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosisDonald A. Molony, MDDonald A. Molony, MDUniversity of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA (D.A.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBoonen S, Sellmeyer DE, Lippuner K, et al. Renal safety of annual zoledronic acid infusions in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Kidney Int. 2008;74:641-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509324Clinical Impact RatingsEndocrinology: Nephrology: Rheumatology: References1 Molony DA. Recognition and management of mineral and bone disorder of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. In: Molony DA, Craig JC, eds. Evidence-based Nephrology. Oxford: Blackwell BMJ Books; 2008:353-90. Google Scholar2 Miller PD, Roux C, Boonen S, et al. Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials. J Bone Miner Res. 2005;20:2105-15. [PMID: 16294264] Google Scholar3 Jamal SA, Bauer DC, Ensrud KE, et al. Alendronate treatment in women with normal to severely impaired renal function: an analysis of the fracture intervention trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22:503-8. [PMID: 17243862] Google Scholar4 Markowitz GS, Fine PL, Stack JI, et al. Toxic acute tubular necrosis following treatment with zoledronate (Zometa). Kidney Int. 2003;64:281-9. [PMID: 12787420] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA (D.A.M.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: JC6-8KeywordsAcidsAcute renal failureAgingBoneBone densityBone fractureChronic kidney diseaseCreatinineElderlyEndocrinologyGlomerular filtration rateHypercalcemiaHypocalcemiaNephrologyOsteoporosisProteinsRenal diseasesRheumatologySafetySerum proteins Issue Published: December 16, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Premalignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: B C Morson
Journal: Gut (1991)

<h3>Background</h3> Both surgery and conservative management are well established treatments for compression fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine without neurological compromise. This article aims to compare the outcomes of conservative management to those of vertebroplasty, a relatively safe and simple procedure. <h3>Methods</h3> 102 patients were admitted to our neurosurgical unit between January 2012 and February 2016, presenting with a single-level, post-traumatic A1 or A2 Mager l type fracture, affecting the thoracic-lumbar spine without any neurological deficits. After description of both treatment options, the patients were asked to choose between vertebroplasty or conservative treatment. Accordingly, the patients were allocated into two groups and a prospective non-randomized controlled trial was carried out. The first group (Group A) included 52 patients, treated with bed rest and an orthosis. The second group (Group B) of 50 patients underwent a percutaneous vertebroplasty. Pain intensity (assessed via visual analog scale (VAS)), disability degree (assessed via Oswestry Disability Index), ability to resume work (assessed via Denis work Scale), vertebral body height loss rate, regional kyphosis angle (Cobb’s angle), duration of hospitalization and treatment-associated complications, were prospectively recorded in a database and analyzed. Follow ups were planned at 1, 6, and 12 months after the injury. <h3>Results</h3> Group B, compared with group A, showed a faster improvement in VAS score as well as functional ability and return to work. Cobb’s angle progression was significantly less in the surgical group. Morbidity, mortality, and complication rate were similar and comparable in both groups without a statistical difference (P&lt;0.05) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Vertebroplasty is a safe and effective treatment in post-traumatic thoracic-lumbar fractures compared with conservative management.
Carcinoma of the Colon and Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.
Authors: Richard C. Farmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Carcinoma of the Colon and Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.Richard C. Farmer, M.D., Roberto J. Diaz, M.D., Charles H. Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Richard C. Farmer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roberto J. Diaz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles H. Brown, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-805_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAmong 1,258 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis seen at the Cleveland Clinic from 1950 through 1963, 24 had colonic carcinoma, an over-all incidence of 1.9%. Of the 24 patients, 15 died of the malignancy, and 1 died of unrelated causes The mean age of onset of colitis among those with carcinoma was 22.5 years; the mean age of diagnosis of colonic carcinoma was 40.7 years; and the mean duration of colitis prior to discovery of carcinoma was 18.3 years. For the 15 who succumbed from carcinomatosis, the mean age of death was 42.4 years. The mean follow-up period for the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 805-805KeywordsCarcinomatosisColitisColonUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors taking a pulse using their mobile phone can spread MRSA
Authors: T. C. Morris, L. S. P. Moore, S. Shaunak
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We undertook a one day survey of bacterial contamination of doctors’ fingertips before and after using their mobile phone to take a patient’s pulse.1 Mobile phones are known to act as a reservoir for bacteria,2 3 but their role in onward transmission of bacteria has not been adequately analysed. We enrolled 20 …
Trip to Europe After the Boston Session.
Authors: Henry Wiedow
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Worthington, Minn., Feb. 8, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —No doubt there will be a number of the physicians attending the annual session of the American Medical Association at Boston, June 5-8, who will sail for Europe at the close of the session. A small party has already been formed to sail immediately after the session, and we would be glad to hear from others who are contemplating a trip, either for postgraduate work or for pleasure. The postgraduate courses in Berlin will be unusually good this year.
The wages of warmth: changes in erythema ab igne
Authors: P. SHAHRAD, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Biopsies from 20 patients with erythema ab igne (EAI) were examined and compared with biopsies from the legs of 7 elderly control subjects. Epidermal thinning and flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction were seen in most of the tissues examined but were more prominent in the EAI biopsies. Basal cell degenerative change with vacuolation was frequently observed in the EAI specimens. Epidermal atypia amounting to preneoplastic change was observed in 4 EAI biopsies. The dermis was thinned and showed (a) marked oedema and connective tissue disruption and (b) accumulation of elastic staining material. Both haemosiderin and melanin were found within the dermis. The small blood vessels showed a striking abnormality in 7 patients and 2 control biopsies in that the endothelial cells were enlarged and the nuclei were hyperchromatic and irregular in size and shape. This change may be due more to stasis than to chronic heating.
Interferon-γ Induces Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Intimal Expansion by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Dependent Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Raptor Complex 1 Activation
Authors: Yinong Wang, Yalai Bai, Lingfeng Qin, Pei Zhang, Tai Yi, Stephanie A. Teesdale, Liping Zhao, Jordan S. Pober, George Tellides
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Interferon (IFN)-γ, a cytokine characteristically expressed in arteriosclerotic diseases, acts directly on vascular smooth muscle cells to induce cellular proliferation and intimal expansion. Signaling by the mammalian target of rapamycin raptor complex, known as mTORC1, is associated with cell growth and is active within arteriosclerotic lesions but is not known to be triggered by proinflammatory factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. We investigated the mechanisms for the proarteriosclerotic effects of IFN-γ in the absence of leukocytes by exploiting the species specificity of this cytokine in a chimeric model of immunodeficient mouse recipients bearing human coronary artery grafts and intravenously inoculated with adenovirus encoding a human IFN-γ transgene. We found that IFN-γ–mediated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal expansion were associated with phosphorylation of the mTORC1 effector ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, that the graft morphological changes and S6 kinase 1 activation were inhibited by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin in vivo, and that IFN-γ–induced mTORC1 signaling was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity under serum-free conditions in vitro. Our work establishes an immunologic stimulus for mTORC1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells, emphasizes that mTORC1 activation is critical in immune-mediated vascular remodeling, and provides further mechanistic insight into the successful clinical application of rapamycin therapy for atherosclerosis and graft arteriosclerosis.
Digoxin induced intestinal vasoconstriction. The effects of proximal arterial stenosis and glucagon administration.
Authors: R A Levinsky, R M Lewis, T E Bynum, H G HANLEY
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Previous studies have been shown that intravenous cardiac glycosides produce mesenteric vasoconstriction (MVC). The possibility that this might critically compromise blood flow in patients with mesenteric vascular disease was suggested. To evaluate whether MVC occurs with intravenous cardiac glycosides in the presence of proximal mesenteric artery stenosis, blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of thirteen dogs was measured with a Doppler flowmeter. The SMA was constricted and pressures were measured in the aorta, SMA, and superior mesenteric vein. Superior mesenteric vascular resistance (SMVR) was calculated by dividing the pressure difference between the SMA and superior mesenteric vein by the total blood flow to the superior mesenteric vasculature and was reported as mm Hg/cc-min. Blood flow was measured simultaneously by a drop rate meter in the vein of a surgically isolated intestinal segment supplied by a single arterial arcade. Venous outflow pressure from this segment was also monitored, which allowed calculation of isolated gut segment resistance (IGSR) in mm Hg/cc-min per 100 g gut. Stenosis of the SMA produced pressure gradients of 10 to 75 mm Hg and decreased resting blood flow by as much as 82%. Digoxin produced an increase in both SMVR and IGSR throughout the 30 to 120 minute period of the study in thirteen dogs despite the presence of severe grades of SMA stenosis. There was no relationship between the degree of proximal SMA stenosis and the magnitude of resistance change due to digoxin. To determine if this MVC was reversible, glucagon was administered to eleven dogs 30 to 60 minutes after digoxin and completely overcame the constriction. Thus, digoxin produced MVC in the presence of proximal SMA stenosis. This MVC was pharmacologically reversible. These data suggest that intravenous digoxin might contribute to intestinal ischemia in patients with preexisting vascular disease.
Bradykinin B2 receptor knockout mice are protected from thrombosis by increased nitric oxide and prostacyclin
Authors: Zia Shariat-Madar, Fakhri Mahdi, Mark Warnock, Jonathon W. Homeister, Sujata Srikanth, Yelena Krijanovski, Laine J. Murphey, Ayad A. Jaffa, Alvin H. Schmaier
Journal: Blood (2006)
MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL INTERNS AND THE WAR
Authors: HORACE D. ARNOLD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

[At the Conference on Medical Education last week, the chairman of the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association, Dr. H. D. Arnold of Boston, now on active service in the Surgeon-General's Office, at Washington, devoted the major portion of his chairman's address to this subject. The following is an excerpt from this address. In the introduction Dr. Arnold stated that while some of the statements he would make could be regarded as having official authority, at the same time he wished it understood that he was expressing his personal views.—Ed.]  NO LESSENING OF EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS  I wish to emphasize again one point briefly mentioned in my opening remarks, namely, the importance of not lowering the standards of medical education during this period of war. This does not preclude the readjustment or rearrangement of courses, or the omission of nonessential details. But it does mean that the
Vascular injury induces angiotensinogen gene expression in the media and neointima.
Authors: H Rakugi, H J Jacob, J E Krieger, J R Ingelfinger, R E Pratt
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Angiotensin II promotes growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro via the autocrine production of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta. Furthermore, experimental studies have demonstrated that angiotensin infusion can enhance smooth muscle proliferation after balloon injury in vivo. Consistent with this, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to prevent myointimal proliferation. The origin of vascular angiotensin that participate in this process is of interest. We have demonstrated the presence of angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in the adventitial and medial layers of the rat aorta and have speculated that local angiotensinogen production may play an important role during myointimal proliferation. To provide further evidence toward this hypothesis, we compared the localization and expression of angiotensinogen mRNA in control and balloon injured vessels using in situ hybridization. METHODS AND RESULTS Abdominal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied before or after injury with a balloon catheter. Neointimal hyperplasia developed as documented morphologically by a progressive increase in the ratio of neointimal to medial thickness from 0.17 at 1 week to 1.17 at 6 weeks after injury. Angiotensinogen mRNA was detected clearly in the adventitia and media of control and injured aorta. However, at 1 week after injury, the medial-to-adventitial angiotensinogen mRNA ratio was higher in the injured aorta, suggesting increased gene expression in the media compared with control. Of potential importance, angiotensinogen mRNA was also detected in the neointima of the injured aorta, and this was also highest at 1 week after injury. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that balloon injury leads to activation of the vascular renin-angiotensin system, which may participate in the myointimal proliferation.
The Year in Review: The Thyroid
Authors: Kenneth A. Woeber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Several studies that have important implications for the management of patients with various thyroid disorders were recently published. These studies concern screening for thyroid disease, thyroid eye disease and treatment with iodine-131, antithyroid drug treatment, treatment of hypothyroidism, and management of thyroid nodules. For each topic, the results of the studies are presented and recommendations for their translation into clinical practice are offered.
Norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis
Authors: D. A. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The effect of norepinephrine on exogenous vasopressin antidiuresis was investigated in water-loaded subjects. After an initial 2 to 3 hr period of water loading (phase 1), 10-100 mU of vasopressin per hr were infused at a constant rate for 1 hr (phase 2) followed by infusion of 10-100 mU of vasopressin per hr plus 600 mug of l-norepinephrine per hr for 1 hr (phase 3). Endogenous creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, and free water clearance (in milliliters/minute) and sodium and chloride excretion (in milliequivalents/minute) were measured. In 10 subjects given 10-20 mU of vasopressin per hr during phases 2 and 3, free water clearance decreased significantly from phase 1 to phase 2 (9.3 to 0.15, P = 0.001) and increased during phase 3 norepinephrine infusion to 4.7 ml/min (P = 0.001). A comparable decrease in phase 2 free water clearance was observed in four subjects given 50 or 100 mU of vasopressin per hr during phases 2 and 3 (P < 0.01); however, the phase 3 norepinephrine infusion in these subjects was not associated with an increase in free water clearance. Creatinine clearance, osmolal clearance, and sodium and chloride excretion were unchanged throughout the studies in both groups of subjects.A two phase study in seven subjects confirmed that 10, 20, or 75 mU of vasopressin per hr susstained antidiuresis during phase 2 for at least 2 hr and that free water clearance values were essentially constant in the individual subject after the first 30 min of infusion. The magnitude of the (phase 3) norepinephrine-induced increase in free water clearance (4.5 +/- 0.64 ml/min) during infusion of 10-20 mU of vasopressin per hr, the failure of norepinephrine to increase free water clearance during infusion of 50-100 mU of vasopressin per hr, and the relatively constant endogenous creatinine and osmolal clearance rates would suggest that the norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis was not the result of alterations in renal blood flow. A post-phase 3 infusion of vasopressin in four subjects resulted in a marked decrease in free water clearance, indicating that the norepinephrine inhibition of vasopressin antidiuresis was not accountable on the basis of decreased medullary hypertonicity. These data support the hypothesis that catecholamine blocks the cellular mechanism of vasopressin antidiuresis in vivo. The observation that norepinephrine did not inhibit the antidiuresis produced by the infusion of 50 or 100 mU of vasopressin per hr suggests that this inhibition might be competitive. A possible role of catecholamine in the mechanism of cold diuresis is suggested.
World Medical Association amends its policy on doctors' duty during armed conflict
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The World Medical Association (WMA) announced on 9 October that it is amending its policy on physicians' behaviour in times of armed conflict to emphasise that “medical ethics in times of armed conflict are identical to medical ethics in times of peace.”

The amendments were endorsed without opposition by delegates in attendance at the association's General Assembly in Tokyo earlier this month. Endorsers included representatives of the United States and the United Kingdom.

The amendments come on the heels of a report in the Lancet by Steven H. Miles ( Lancet 2004; 364: 725-9) a physician and bioethicist, who found US medical personnel were complicit with …
The Antibody-Coated Bacteria Test-Reply
Authors: John L. Merritt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Jones' letter concerning our article points out the need for a correction in the "Methods" section. We had reported bright or brilliant fluorescence of most or all bacteria as criteria for a positive ACB test result. In fact, bright or brilliant fluorescence of at least 1% of bacteria per microscopic field constituted a positive result. The procedure we used was slightly modified from that originally reported by Thomas et al<sup>1</sup>and identical to that used by Hawthorne and co-investigators at our institution.<sup>2</sup>We sincerely apologize for this error and thank Dr Jones for his careful review of our methodology.
Tc-99m-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid and Tc-99m Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Renal Scan Detect “Reverse Horseshoe Kidney”
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Neena Lal, Halanaik Dhanapathi, Hira Lal, Arun Malhotra, Ashwani Sood
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report a case of a 6-year boy presenting with abdominal pain and a culture proven to be recurrent urinary tract infections. His hemoglobin and kidney function tests were normal. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan demonstrated fusion of the upper poles of the kidneys with a functional isthmus and no parenchymal scar. Tc-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid with diuresis also showed upper pole fusion with no obstruction. The present case highlights the use of functional renal imaging in detecting a congenital anomaly of a horseshoe kidney with upper pole fusion (reverse horseshoe kidney).
365 Attenuated liver fibrosis in angiotensin type 1 receptor deficient mice
Authors: L YANG, R BATALLER, T COFFMAN, R RIPPE, D BRENNER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Over the past five decades, liver cirrhosis has become an increasingly prevalent disease and one that will often require considerable medical intervention. However, current treatment options have demonstrated severe problems that have prompted research to provide a suitable alternative. These treatments are scarcely available, very expensive and present at a huge cost to the patient's quality of life. The introduction of stem cell therapy into liver disease has been heralded as the future of personalized medicine and may be the alternative that the healthcare system desperately seeks.To truly determine the scientific basis surrounding this excitement, a literature search was carried out in January 2013 to determine all the data that was present in this topic area. All articles also underwent full cross-referencing to ensure no data was missed.11 clinical trials were found to meet this criteria and trials were included in both English and non-English languages. The sporadic nature of the data across the trials, with various methods and stem cell types, made comparisons difficult.The basic trends from the data were positive and the majority deemed the use of stem cells safe and feasible in patients presenting with cirrhotic liver disease. However, there is a clear requirement for more research, not only to determine the most efficacious technique and stem cell type but also to further understand stem cells to enhance progress. There may also be a requirement for a framework that future stem cell trials can be based on, which would allow future data to be comparative and allow valid conclusions to be drawn which may propel this therapy into standard clinical practice.