tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sun Protection and Skin Examination Practices in a Setting of High Ambient Solar Radiation
Authors: Catherine M. Olsen, Bridie S. Thompson, Adèle C. Green, Rachel E. Neale, David C. Whiteman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

IMPORTANCE Primary prevention and early detection are integral strategies to reduce the burden of skin cancer.OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of sun protection and skin examination practices in a population exposed to high levels of ambient solar radiation and to identify associated factors.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from a prospective cohort of 40 172 adults aged 40 through 69 years from Queensland, Australia, recruited in 2011.We obtained data on all melanoma diagnoses through 2009 via record linkage with the Queensland Cancer Registry (notifications have been mandatory since 1982). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWe calculated prevalence proportion ratios to compare prevalence of sun protection and skin examination practices in 3 separate groups: those with a history of melanoma (group 1), those with a self-reported history of treated actinic lesions (group 2), and those without either (group 3).We used multivariate generalized linear models to identify factors associated with each practice. RESULTSParticipants with a previously confirmed melanoma (group 1; n = 1433) and/or treated actinic lesions (group 2; n = 24 006) were more likely than those without (group 3; n = 14 733) to report sun protection practices, including regular use of sunscreen (53.3%, 45.1%, and 38.1%, respectively) and wearing hats (74.7%, 68.2%, and 58.2%, respectively).They were also more likely to have had a whole-body skin examination by a physician in the past 3 years (93.7%, 83.4%, and 52.1%, respectively).Within all 3 groups, the strongest association with sun protection practices was with sun-sensitive skin type.Within group 3 (no history of treated skin lesions), the strongest factor associated with clinical skin examinations was self-reported nevus density at 21 years of age, whereas a family history of melanoma was a significant factor in groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this large sample exposed to high levels of ambient solar radiation, sun protection and skin examination practices were most frequent among those with a history of treated skin lesions or sun-sensitive skin types.
Alcohol consumption and mortality
Authors: M. Ashton-Key, M. Ashton-Key, M. Gronbak, C. L Hart, G. D. Smith, D. J Hole, V. M Hawthorne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Developing world needs access to low cost pharmaceutical information from reliable sourcesEditor-Hafeez and Mirza have assessed how seriously (or not) pharmaceutical companies take their responsibility to provide information on request to prescribers in Pakistan. 1 Two of their conclusions are that "providing information on drugs is not a priority for companies in Pakistan" and that "the decision to respond to a request for more information therefore seems to depend on how favourable it might be to the interests of the company."These conclusions are particularly worrying because the biased information from drug companies is often the only type of information that prescribers have access to.The findings are in one respect an indictment of the pharmaceutical industry's approach in the developing world.But in another respect, the fact that most prescribers in the developing world do not have adequate access to reliable generic information is an indictment of the international health community.We cannot and should not expect the pharmaceutical industry to provide consistently unbiased information.What is needed is universal access to free or low cost information from a reliable source.As a basic source of reliable prescribing information, the British National Formulary is arguably the single most useful formulary for prescribers worldwide and is one of the BMJ Publishing Group's best sellers internationally.We applaud the recent decision to make the eBNF available on line. 2 If this facility is free it will be a benefit to some prescribers in developing countries, although the effort required to get information online will always be a barrier, even to those few who do have access.Low cost, printed formularies with a quality and objectivity parallel to those of the British National Formulary should be made affordable to all prescribers.Their value and use should be vigorously promoted, not just by the BMJ Publishing Group but by the international health community at large.
1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES
Authors: JOHN J. RING
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Second Remission: Prognostic Relevance of Pretransplant Minimal Residual Disease Assessment by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction of the PML/RARα Fusion Gene
Authors: Giovanna Meloni, Daniela Diverio, Marco Vignetti, Giuseppe Avvisati, Saveria Capria, Maria Concetta Petti, Franco Mandelli, Francesco Lo Coco
Journal: Blood (1997)
National Study of Cataract Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Earl P. Steinberg, James M. Tielsch, Oliver D. Schein, Jonathan C. Javitt, Phoebe Sharkey, Sandra D. Cassard, Marcia W. Legro, Marie Diener-West, Eric B. Bass, Anne M. Damiano, Donald M. Steinwachs, Alfred Sommer
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

Background: Although ophthalmologists have long recognized that visual acuity alone is an inadequate measure of visual impairment, the need for and outcomes of cataract surgery historically have been assessed in terms of visual acuity.Purpose: To examine the relation among different cataract surgery outcome measures, including a 14-item instrument designed to measure functional impairment caused by cataract (the VF-14), at 4 months after cataract surgery. Methods:The authors performed a longitudinal study of 552 patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery by 1 of 75 ophthalmologists practicing in Columbus, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri, or Houston, Texas.Patients were interviewed, and clinical data were obtained preoperatively (July 15, 1991-March 14,1992) and 4 months postoperatively.Results: The percentage of patients judged to be improved at 4 months after cataract surgery varied by the outcome measure used: Snellen visual acuity (96%); VF-14 score (89%); satisfaction with vision (85%); self-reported trouble with vision (80%); and Sickness Impact Profile score (67%).The change in patients' ratings of their trouble with vision and their satisfaction with vision were correlated more strongly with the change in VF-14 score than with the change in visual acuity (operated eye or better eye).The average change in VF-14 score was unrelated to the preoperative visual acuity in the eye undergoing surgery. Conclusion:Estimates of the proportion of patients benefiting from cataract surgery vary with the outcome measure used to measure benefit.Change in VF-14 score, a measure of functional impairment related to vision, may be a better measure of the benefit of cataract surgery than change in visual acuity.
Gastro-Duodenal Hemorrhage
Authors: Frank Smithies
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 March 1928Gastro-Duodenal HemorrhageFRANK SMITHIES, M.D., Sc.D.FRANK SMITHIES, M.D., Sc.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-9-637 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBleeding from the stomach may be acute and copious or chronic and of small amount. Both forms of hemorrhage may be continuous or intermittent. A combination of the grades is possible. Sudden, copious gastric hemorrhage commonly leads to blood vomiting (hematemesis) and to blood-stained stools (melena). However, even extensive gastrorrhagia may be unaccompanied by hematemesis, but may be associated with melena alone. Chronic seepage of small quantities of blood is, of itself, rarely productive of hematemesis. While this form of gastrorrhagia may give rise to obvious melena, quite commonly the presence of blood pigment in the stools can only be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois*A Clinical Lecture Delivered at The Inter-State Post-Graduate Medical Association of North America at Kansas City, October 18, 1927. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1928Volume 1, Issue 9Page: 637-654KeywordsBloodGastroenterology and hepatologyHemorrhageStomachVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P194: Fruit and Vegetable Slows Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Chinese Women
Authors: Suzanne S Ho
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate lifestyle factors, particularly fruit and vegetable intake in the protection against the progression of SA in early postmenopausal Chinese women. Methods: This is a community-based 5-year followup study on a cohort of 518 women recruited through random telephone dialing. All were aged 50-64y and within 10 years menopause. Lifestyle and dietary variables based on validated and structured questionnaires, clinical assessments and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline (T 1 ) and 5-year followup (T 2 ). A 12.5-MHz linear probe of the HDI 5000 ultrasound scanner was used for measuring intima-media thickness (IMT) at the near and far walls of three 10-mm segments: distal common carotid, bifurcation, proximal internal carotid of both the left and right carotid arteries. The final IMT was the averages of maximum IMT free of atherosclerotic plaques measured at each of the 12 segments. Atherosclerotic plaques defined as a focal wall thickening of at least 1.5mm were also identified along the defined segments. Plaque was graded as: grade 0, no observable plaque; 1, one small plaque &lt;30% of vessel diameter; 2, one medium plaque between 30-50% of vessel diameter or multiple small plaques; 3, one large plaque &gt;50% vessel diameter or multiple plaques with at least one medium plaque. Repeated measurements of IMT and plaque were also obtained at T 2 . Plaque progression was computed by subtracting the plaque index at T 1 from the plaque index at T 2 . The within-sonographer intraclass correlations were 0.83-0.88 for IMT and 0.99 for plaque index, and between sonographer correlations were 0.81-0.88 for IMT, and 0.88- 0.99 for plaque index. Results: The five-year followup study of asymptomatic Chinese early postmenopausal women (mean age 61.5 years at T 2 ) has revealed a progression of IMT of 2.1 % (standard deviation =1.7) or a progression rate of 0.015 mm/year (standard deviation = 0.013). 25 % were found to have plaque progression (change of plaque index score of ≧1). Besides the traditional CVD risk factors (age, higher values of total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride), multiple regression analysis showed that higher fruit and vegetable intake was a significant (p=0.001) and independent predictor of lower IMT at T 2 . Analysis of the followup data showed that maintenance of high intake of fruit and vegetable (&gt;median) at both T 1 and T 2 was associated with lower IMT at T 2 , even adjusted for the other significant predictors. Similar relationship with plaque progression was also observed. Conclusion: This population-based cohort study of Chinese asymptomatic midlife women has identified maintenance of high fruit and vegetable intake tended to reduce the risk of SA.
Screening for ovarian cancer
Authors: N. Urban
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Computer simulation models predict that ovarian cancer screening could save at least three years of life per case1 and that screening is potentially cost effective.2 Such models have been developed and validated on data from published reports, but until now results from a randomised controlled trial have not been available. Jacobs et al recently described a randomised controlled trial of ovarian cancer screening in which 21 935 average risk postmenopausal women were randomised to three annual screens or to a control group.3 For their screening protocol Jacobs et al used the CA125 tumour marker as a first line screen and referred women to receive transvaginal sonography if CA125 concentrations were above 30 U/ml. If transvaginal sonography revealed an ovarian mass, women were referred for surgery. Designed as a pilot study, the trial was too small to show efficacy in terms of mortality reduction. However, its results are important for two reasons.

The Jacobs trial confirmed previous evidence4 that an acceptable positive predictive value is achieved by selecting women for evaluation by imaging on the basis of CA125 serum measurement. Neither transvaginal sonography nor CA125 is specific enough when used alone, but when the decision rule for surgical referral requires that both tests are positive the positive predictive value is 20%. Five operations …
Abstract 20850: Impact of Self-Reported Ethnicity on Response to Clopidogrel in Patients Underoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Usman Baber, Jeffrey Bander, Kapil Yadav, Annapoorna S Kini, Juan J Badimon, Rucha Karajgikar, Paul Muntner, Samin K Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Science of Personality
Authors: Lawrence A. Pervin
Journal: BMJ (1942)

The scientific study of personality. Part 1: which units of personality? the trait concept cognitive units of personality motivational units of personality. Part 2: personality development - the nature and nurture of personality charting the lives of people over time. Part 3: subject areas of investigation the unconscious the concept of self the path from thinking to action emotion, adaptation and health maladaptive personality.
Abstract 2980: Maximizing the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy: A multi-targeting strategy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Youya Nakazawa, Satoshi Kawano, Junji Matsui, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Osamu Tohyama, Hiroki Muto, Takayuki Nakagawa, Tomohiro Matsushima
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors provide significant clinical benefit, they often require dose reductions or even withdrawals due to their severe toxicities. Furthermore, almost all cancers show intrinsic and/or evasive resistance to VEGF inhibitors by multiple mechanisms. Serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) level has been proposed as a potential biomarker of VEGF inhibitor response in several cancers. Response to lenvatinib (E7080; VEGFR1-3 inhibitor) is also reported to correlate with low Ang2 level in differentiated thyroid cancer and endometrial cancer. From these clinical observations, Ang2 and its receptor Tie2 has been focused as promising targets. Here, we demonstrated mechanisms of resistance induced by Ang2 and a novel strategy to circumvent the resistance by combination of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), lenvatinib and golvatinib (E7050; c-Met, Tie2, EphB4 inhibitor). Tie2 defines a highly pro-angiogenic macrophage subset, Tie2-expressing macrophage (TEM). Ang-Tie2 and EphB4-EphrinB2 signaling play critical roles in pericyte-mediated vessel stabilization. Ectopic expression of Ang2 in thyroid cancer conferred resistance to lenvatinib and enhanced pericyte-associated endothelial network development and TEM infiltration. In vitro analyses suggested that golvatinib/lenvatinib combination inhibited pericyte-mediated vessel stabilization and TEM differentiation. In thyroid and endometrial cancer models, golvatinib/lenvatinib combination inhibited pericyte network development and TEM infiltration, resulting in severe perfusion disorder and massive apoptosis. Body weight loss was tolerable in mice, and no macroscopic change was observed. These results suggest that modulation of tumor microenvironment by strategic and well-tolerated combination of multi-targeting TKIs sensitizes cancer to VEGF inhibitors, which warrants further clinical investigation to determine the clinical benefit of anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy. Citation Format: Youya Nakazawa, Satoshi Kawano, Junji Matsui, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Osamu Tohyama, Hiroki Muto, Takayuki Nakagawa, Tomohiro Matsushima. Maximizing the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy: A multi-targeting strategy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2980. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2980
A Simple Observation
Authors: C Devonshire
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 398: Epigenetic changes in testis specific Y-like 5 gene in human prostate carcinoma: Gene expression analysis and its potential as a biomarker
Authors: Senthil R. Kumar, Jeffrey Bryan, Magda Esebua
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Testis specific Y-like protein (TSPYL-5) is a member of TSPY-L family of gene, whose functions are currently unknown. TSPYL-5 was reported to possess tumor suppressor function and a target for epigenetic silencing in human glioblastoma and colon carcinoma. The exact nature of TSPYL-5 gene expression and its epigenetic modification is not known in prostate carcinoma. We hypothesize that this gene could be expressed in prostate carcinoma cells and tissues and its methylation status could function as an epigenetic biomarker for aggressive prostate cancer phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human prostate carcinoma cells (PC3, DU145, LnCAP) was grown in DMEM-F12 media with 10% FBS at 37oC. Normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1-) were maintained in keratinocyte serum free media. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and converted to cDNA which served as a template for PCR amplification in the presence of TSPYL-5 gene primers. The amplified PCR products were analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed with primers designed for the CpG island in the gene promoter to detect the methylation changes in the carcinoma cells. RESULTS Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of TSPYL-5 gene expression in different human prostate carcinoma cells lines identified 2-3 fold higher expression (P ≤ 0.005) in lines with metastatic propensity (PC3) compared to less aggressive ones. MSP analysis indicated differential promoter methylation of TSPYL-5 gene in carcinoma and normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1). Consistent methylation in LnCAP and DU145 cells was observed in our experiments and was associated with reduced expression of the gene. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TSPYL-5 is higher in human prostate carcinoma cells derived from more metastatic phenotype. This expression could be influenced by DNA methylation. It is not clear whether TSPYL-5 expression in prostate carcinoma cells could play a part in tumor suppressor function. Alternately, the presence of this gene may play alternate roles including treatment resistance and cell growth. Further, DNA methylation of the CpG island of TSPYL-5 could serve as a robust biomarker of aggressive phenotype in human prostate carcinoma. Citation Format: Senthil R. Kumar, Jeffrey Bryan, Magda Esebua. Epigenetic changes in testis specific Y-like 5 gene in human prostate carcinoma: Gene expression analysis and its potential as a biomarker. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-398
Fortnightly review: Managing congenital lacrimal obstruction in general practice
Authors: J. D H Young, C. J MacEwen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Every year thousands of infants are taken to their general practitioner because they have developed a persistently watering or sticky eye.Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is by far the most common cause of these symptoms, and an understanding of the natural course of this condition is the key to planning the management of affected infants.While most children can be managed without referral to a specialist ophthalmic service, it is important to recognise that watering and discharge can occasionally be among the presenting features of rarer, more serious conditions. MethodsThis review is based on the information acquired in the course of our longstanding clinical and research interest in managing congenital lacrimal obstruction.Additional literature was searched for manually in journals and as a computer search of Medline to January 1977 (Ovid Technologies) with the heading "lacrimal duct obstruction" and the textwords "congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction" and "epiphora."
Survival of donor cells 25 years after intrauterine transfusion
Authors: Henk E. Viëtor, Eric Hallensleben, Simone P. M. J. van Bree, Ellen M. W. van der Meer, Suzanne E. J. Kaal, Jack Bennebroek-Gravenhorst, Humphrey H. H. Kanhai, Anneke Brand, Frans H. J. Claas
Journal: Blood (2000)