tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pattern of nocturnal blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, relation of oxidative stress and endothelin-1 precursor to hypertension
Authors: Nashwa AbdelWahab, Yassmin AlAshram, Iman Diab
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Large epidemiologic studies have established that OSA is a risk factor for developing hypertension.  Objective: To examine the pattern of nocturnal blood pressure in patients with OSA and its relation to polysomnographic findings and studying the relation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress and big endothelin -1 to hypertension in OSA.  Subjects and Methods: Thirty eight patients with OSA and ten normal control subjects were subjected to early morning blood samplings for measurement of serum MDA and big endothelin – 1. All patients with OSA were subjected to full polysomnographic study and monitoring of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) changes.  Results: Absence of normal nocturnal dipping in blood pressure (BP) was the most prominent feature in patients with OSA in association with repetitive increase in BP during sleep. The level of dipping in BP was correlated inversely with arousal index while Index of increase in BP was correlated directly with both AHI and oxygen desaturation index. Both serum MDA and big endothelin -1 were significantly higher in patients with OSA than control subjects.  Conclusions: OSA should be considered as part of the workup of patients with hypertension especially in those whose 24 hour BP studies yielded blunted nocturnal dipping. Repetitive episodes of upper airway occlusion give rise to acute stressors such as hypoxemia, reoxygenation, oxidative stress and arousals. Another factor related to endothelial dysfunction is increased endothelin precursor concentration. There may be differential effects related to each stressor, and these effects may be cumulative over time.
Use of heliox and small size endotracheal tubes for surgery of severe tracheal stenoses (STS)
Authors: Svilen Alexov, Danail Petrov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Heliox improves ventilation by reducing density dependent resistance due to high kinematic viscosity and high diffusivity.  Objective: To present our experience and evaluate feasibility to maintain adequate ventilation using Heliox through small size endotracheal tubes during the initial period of operations for STS until the trachea is divided below the stenosis.  Methods: 4 patients with postintubational STS were intubated spontaneously breathing He-O2 (70/30) after topicalization and light sedation. In 3 of them (high stenoses) we used microlaryngeal tubes; for one (low stenosis) we designed double-size tubes.  Anesthesia was deepened with propofol, relaxants and opioids. He and O2 were mixed via recalibrated rotameters at 75/25 ratio, controlled paramagnetically and delivered with a bellow ventilator. Monitoring: side stream spirometry, recalibrated mechanical volumeters, pulse oxymetry, invasive pressure, ABGs.  Results: for the period of Heliox ventilation.  Conclusions: Heliox through small size tubes may be an alternative ventilation for securing free airways during the initial period of operations for STS.
Atherosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: P R J Ames, K Sokoll, M Weston, A Margarita, V Brancaccio, L J Jara, G Medina, O Vera-Lastra, M Fuentes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

We read with great interest the article by Medina et al about atherosclerosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).1 They showed that the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries from patients with primary APS was greater than that of age and sex matched controls.

We wish to comment on their methodology and findings. For the ultrasound technique Medina et al did not define the area where the measurement of IMT was taken, nor did they specify whether the anterior or posterior carotid wall was measured. The anterior or near wall is prone to reverberation artefact, making placement of the callipers difficult. IMT should be measured at a site away from atheromatous plaques. The figures provided by Medina et al show that colour and power Doppler were used to define the lumen of the vessel, but there is no mention of how these were standardised. The gain, pulse repetition frequency, prioritisation of colour versus grey scale, use of contrast agents, angle of insonation, and the velocity of blood flow (systole or diastole) will all affect the …
Erythema Ab Igne in Chronic Pancreatic Pain: A Diagnostic Sign
Authors: Daniel W H Mok, Leslie H Blumgart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Two patients with severe chronic pain of pancreatic origin are described. In both there was severe back pain and an area of erythema ab igne lay directly over the portion of the pancreas giving rise to the pain. In both patients therapy directed at these areas of diseased pancreas resulted in relief of symptoms. The presence of erythema ab igne on a patient's back at the level of T12-L2 should arouse suspicion of underlying pancreatic pathology, and this may be valuable in a disease with remarkably little to find on clinical examination. In one patient early obstruction of the pancreatic duct by pancreatic carcinoma caused distal chronic pancreatitis and back pain many months before the onset of obstructive jaundice.
Tumor Immunity Induced by Preimmunization With BALB/c Mouse Myeloma Protein2
Authors: Peter M. Freedman, Johnna R. Autry, Sei Tokuda, Ralph C. Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Tumor Immunity Induced by Preimmunization With BALB/c Mouse Myeloma Protein Get access Peter M. Freedman, Peter M. Freedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Johnna R. Autry, Johnna R. Autry Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sei Tokuda, Sei Tokuda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph C. Williams, Jr. Ralph C. Williams, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 4, April 1976, Pages 735–740, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.4.735 Published: 01 April 1976 Article history Received: 03 January 1975 Revision received: 08 October 1975 Accepted: 17 October 1975 Published: 01 April 1976
Phase II study of intravenous topotecan as a 5-day infusion for refractory epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Authors: A P Kudelka, D Tresukosol, C L Edwards, R S Freedman, C Levenback, P Chantarawiroj, C Gonzalez de Leon, E E Kim, T Madden, B Wallin, M Hord, C Verschraegen, M Raber, J J Kavanagh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan administered as a 5-day intravenous infusion in patients with advanced ovarian cancer refractory to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer refractory to cisplatin-based chemotherapy received intravenous infusions of topotecan 1.5 mg/m2 delivered over 30 minutes each day for 5 days. A course was repeated every 21 days. The patient eligibility requirements included age &gt; or = 18 years, Zubrod score &lt; or = 2, measurable disease, adequate hepatic and renal function, neutrophil count &gt; or = 1,500/microL, platelet count &gt; or = 100,000/microL, and anticipated survival &gt; or = 3 months. RESULTS Twenty eight patients were assessable for response and toxicity. All patients were assessable for survival. The major toxicity from administration of topotecan at this dose schedule was myelosuppression; 21 patients required dose reductions. Four patients had neutropenic fever that required hospitalization, and seven patients required platelet transfusions. Maculopapular pruritic exanthema occurred in 20% of patients; gastrointestinal side effects were mild. No deaths were reported on the study. At dose levels of 1.5, 1.25, and 1.0 mg/m2, 61%, 31%, and 25% of patients, respectively, required dose reductions. Of 28 assessable patients, four (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4% to 34%) achieved a partial response (PR) at a median of 1.4 months and lasting 8.9 months, and 17 had stable disease (SD). The overall median survival time was 10.0 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 13.5). CONCLUSION Topotecan shows modest clinical activity against cisplatin-refractory ovarian cancer, although the dose-intensity is compromised by the depth of the granulocyte nadir and the duration of granulocytopenia. Further studies of topotecan may necessitate a reevaluation of optimal dose schedule, with the possible incorporation of multilineage cytokines, and its activity in taxane-resistant tumors.
Reflectance confocal microscopy: an effective tool for monitoring ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis
Authors: E.A.W. Wolberink, P.E.J. van Erp, R.T. de Boer-van Huizen, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, M.J.P. Gerritsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel, noninvasive imaging technique which enables imaging of skin at a cellular resolution comparable to conventional microscopy. Objectives We performed a pilot study to evaluate RCM as a noninvasive tool for monitoring ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy in psoriasis. Methods In six patients with psoriasis, lesional and nonlesional skin was selected for RCM imaging using a standardized protocol. Well-known histological features of psoriasis were visualized: parakeratosis, acanthosis, agranulosis, papillomatosis, presence of epidermal inflammatory cells, increased number of papillary capillaries and increased capillary blood flow. RCM imaging was performed before the first irradiation with UVB phototherapy, after nine irradiations, at clearance and 12 weeks after clearance. In four patients, 4-mm punch biopsies were obtained and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal antibodies specific for CD31, CD3, filaggrin, K16, Ki67 and CD1a for correlation to RCM images. Results There was a high correlation between clinical, RCM and histological features. Normalization of RCM and histological features corresponded highly to clinical improvement of psoriasis. Conclusions This study is the first to establish the use of RCM as an effective tool for noninvasive monitoring of UVB phototherapy in patients with psoriasis. Potentially, RCM could be used in many other skin diseases for monitoring therapeutic response on a cellular level in a clinical or research setting.
Fast Onset of DNA Synthesis Stimulated by Tumor Promoter in Mouse Epidermis at the Initiation Stage of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Oscar S. Frankfurt, Eugenia Raitcheva
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Fast Onset of DNA Synthesis Stimulated by Tumor Promoter in Mouse Epidermis at the Initiation Stage of Carcinogenesis Get access Oscar S. Frankfurt, Oscar S. Frankfurt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eugenia Raitcheva Eugenia Raitcheva Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow V-334, USSR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 6, December 1973, Pages 1861–1864, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.6.1861 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 04 May 1973 Accepted: 23 July 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Natural History of Endemic Type D Retrovirus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Group-Housed Rhesus Monkeys&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Nicholas W. Lerche, Preston A. Marx, Kent G. Osborn, Donald H. Maul, Linda J. Lowenstine, Mara L. Bleviss, Peggy Moody, Roy V. Henrickson, Murray B. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of SAIDS and infection with a type D retrovirus, SAIDS retrovirus serotype 1 (SRV-1). Of 23 healthy “tracer” juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with SAIDS within 9 months of introduction into the resident SAIDS-endemic population. In contrast, 21 healthy “sentinel” juvenile rhesus monkeys placed in the same outdoor enclosure but denied physical contact with the SAIDS-affected group by a 10-foot-wide “buffer zone” remained free of SRV-1, SRV-1 antibody, and disease for 2.5 years. The SAIDS-specific mortality rate was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. In repeated serologic testing, the overall prevalence of SRV-1 antibody ranged from 68 to 85%. Antibody prevalence increased with age. Seroconversion was found to be a poor indicator of infection rate, as approximately 50% of virus-positive juvenile monkeys had no antibody detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeated viral isolations from all animals revealed 1) SRV-1 viremia with clinical SAIDS; 2) persistent viremia and viral shedding in apparently healthy animals; 3) transient viremia and clinical recovery; 4) intermittent viremia, suggesting activation of latent infections; and 5) viremia in a 1-day-old infant, suggesting transplacental transmission. The prevalence of SRV-1 antibody in SAIDS-free breeding groups of rhesus monkeys was 4%. The seroprevalence of antibodies against human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; formerly STLV-III) was uniformly low or absent in both SAIDS-free and SAIDS-affected groups of rhesus monkeys, demonstrating that these retroviruses are not etiologically linked to SAIDS at the California Primate Research Center.
Etiologic Factors of Breast Cancer Elucidated By A Study of Unselected Twins&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Niels V. Holm, Mogens Hauge, Bent Harvald
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The Danish Twin Register consists of the total population of twin pairs born in Denmark during a certain period. Within this population were found 50 monozygotic (MZ) female twins belonging to 45 MZ pairs and 81 dizygotic (DZ) twins belonging to 77 DZ female pairs, of which at least 1 twin had breast cancer (BC) and both twins were alive at the time of the first BC diagnosis. In 5 MZ and 4 DZ pairs, both partners had BC. Pairwise concordance rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups of twins but were of the same magnitude as in a previous study. The heritability, evaluated by genetic determination, was estimated to be 0.30–0.40. The observed number of BC cases developing in the co-twins after the first BC diagnosis in the twin pairs was increased by a factor of nearly 6 in MZ co-twins and by a factor of about 2 in DZ co-twins. For cancer of other sites. the observed and expected numbers were nearly identical in both MZ and DZ co-twins. In 8 of 9 pairs concordant for BC. the lesion was found on the same side. The mean age at diagnosis showed no significant difference between the concordant and discordant pairs. In the 40 MZ pairs with only 1 twin affected, she was more often unmarried and/or nulliparous than her unaffected, genetically identical co-twin, but this finding was not significant. A general tendency for the twin with BC to have the first child at a later age than her unaffected twin sister could not be demonstrated.
Regional Differences in Normal and Cancer-Associated Glycoconjugates of the Human Colon&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. S. Bresalier, C. R. Boland, Y. S. Kim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Because inherent regional differences in colonic epithelium may determine the biologic behavior of tumors originating from different sites, and inasmuch as colonic epithelial cells secrete mucins that may reflect the state of cell differentiation, colonic goblet cell mucin was analyzed with the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins and fluorescence microscopy in normal fetal and adult mucosa and in cancers of the proximal and distal colon. In the adult proximal colon only the goblet cell mucin in the upper portion of the crypts was specifically labeled by the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), whereas this gradient was progressively lost distally; mucin in the upper and lower crypts of the sigmoid colon and rectum bound the label uniformly. In fetuses less than 22 weeks of age, DBA bound only to mucin in the crypts of the distal colon. Seven of 12 (58%) cancers originating from the proximal colon bound DBA, whereas only 2 of 23 (9%) from the distal colon bound this lectin (P less than .005). Logistic regression analysis suggested that this difference may reflect the occurrence of larger tumors in the proximal colon. Regional differences in the binding of Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) to nonneoplastic mucosa was similar to that found by others; predominant binding occurred in the proximal colon in the adult. No difference was noted for UEA-I binding to tumors of the proximal (8 of 12; 66.6%) versus distal (11 of 23; 48%) colon (P = .48). These findings may reflect regional differences in normal and tumor-related carbohydrate structures in mucin of the human colon.
Increased Activity of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Patients With Symptomatic Carotid Disease Is Associated With Enhanced Inflammation and May Destabilize the Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Raffaele Marfella, Michele D’Amico, Clara Di Filippo, Alfonso Baldi, Mario Siniscalchi, Ferndinando Carlo Sasso, Michele Portoghese, Ornella Carbonara, Basilio Crescenzi, Paolo Sangiuolo, Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti, Raffaele Rossiello, Franca Ferraraccio, Federico Cacciapuoti, Mario Verza, Ludovico Coppola, Francesco Rossi, Giuseppe Paolisso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Delaying Decline in Pulmonary Function with Physical Activity
Authors: Margit Pelkonen, Irma-Leena Notkola, Timo Lakka, Hannu O. Tukiainen, Paula Kivinen, Aulikki Nissinen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The importance of physical activity for health is well recognized, but little is known about the influence of physical activity on pulmonary function. We have examined whether physical activity could slow down the decline in pulmonary function among the southwestern rural Finnish cohort of the Seven Countries Study. Physical activity was estimated by kilometers walked, cycled, and skied daily. We had complete data for 429 men for 10 years, 275 men for 20 years, and 186 men for 25 years. During the first 10 years, the decline in FEV was 9.8 ml/year less among men in the highest tertile of baseline physical activity than in men in the lowest tertile. According to the mean physical activity over either 20 or 25 years, men in the highest tertile also lost less pulmonary function (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043, respectively). A similar beneficial effect was observed in all smoking categories. In mortality analysis, continued high physical activity and an increase in activity to high level were associated with lower mortality. In conclusion, results indicated that physical activity is associated with a slower decline in pulmonary function and with lower mortality, and thus, middle-aged and older people should be encouraged to enjoy exercise.
Late-breaking abstract: Contact investigation in management of newborns after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a health care worker
Authors: Malena Aldeco, Marina Praprotnik, Minca Mramor, Dusanka Lepej, Manca Zolnir-Dovc, Mitja Kosnik, Uros Krivec
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  We report the investigation and management of a group of newborns who were exposed to active tuberculosis from a health care worker.   Setting:  In September 2010, a nurse midwife working in a maternity hospital was diagnosed with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. She had been working for 1 month and during that period she had been in contact with 103 newborns.   Methods:  Contact investigation was conducted in 100 of the newborns hospitalized in the nursery at that time. Infants were assessed by a pediatrician and tested with tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay - Quantiferon-TB Gold in tube (QTF-IT) to detect tuberculosis infection. The first evaluation was conducted 3 to 6 weeks after diagnosis of the index case, followed by the second in October and November 2010 and the third assessment was carried out 6 months after last exposure.   Results:  All infants were TST negative in all three visits. QFT-IT was positive in one child at first and second visit but were interpreted as unreliable due to high values of the test9s negative control. The results of QFT-IT were inconclusive in 5 additional patients. No case of latent TB infection or active TB was detected. Prophylaxis was recommended during the “window-period” to all patients. 70 parents reported full compliance. Mild adverse effects were reported in 36 children, in 2 cases we detected mild elevation of transaminases.   Conclusions:  Our results suggest that transmission of tuberculosis in maternity hospital setting is very low and that the results of TST and QFT-IT correlate well in infants. In contrast to published data QFT-IT results were undetermined in very few cases.
Late-breaking abstract: Efficacy and safety of multiple doses of QGE031 (ligelizumab) versus omalizumab and placebo in inhibiting the allergen-induced early asthmatic response
Authors: Gail M. Gauvreau, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Richard Leigh, Donald W. Cockcroft, Beth E. Davis, Irvin Mayers, J Mark FitzGerald, Barbro Dahlen, Richard M. Watson, Joanne Milot, Veronica Swystun, Linda Hui, Ann-Sofie Lantz, Miranda Bowen, Jonathan Arm, Suzzane Maahs, Karin Meiser, Philip Lowe, Andrej Skerjanec, Christopher Carlsten, Karin Strandberg, Kieran J. Killian, Michele Laviolette, Anton Drollmann, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background 

The effect of QGE031, a high-affinity humanized anti-IgE antibody, was evaluated versus omalizumab (OMA) and placebo in a bronchial allergen challenge model.

Methods 

In this phase IIa, exploratory, parallel group, double-blind, placebo controlled study, 37 subjects with mild atopic asthma were randomized to three s.c. doses (240mg; N=8, 72mg; N=8 and 24mg; N=8) of QGE031 every two weeks, OMA (N=6; dosed as per dosing table) or placebo (N=7). The study was powered for a 0.05 significance level. Outcome measures were change from baseline in the concentration of inhaled allergen leading to a 15% decline in FEV1 (PC15FEV1) at 12 weeks, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability.

Results 

At week 12, the change in PC15FEV1 was ∼ 3 fold higher with 72mg and 240mg QGE031 compared to OMA (Table). The change in PC15FEV1 was dose-dependent against both placebo and OMA, with 24mg QGE031 showing a smaller effect whilst 72mg and 240mg showed a similar effect size. QGE031 elicited dose and time-dependent suppression of free IgE, basophil Fc∈RI, surface IgE expression and skin prick test responses. QGE031 was well tolerated at all dose levels.

View this table:

Table: PC15FEV1 for QGE031 versus placebo and omalizumab at 12 weeks





Conclusion 

QGE031 240 and 72mg demonstrated greater improvement in bronchial provocation testing compared to placebo, and both doses showed a trend for improvement compared with OMA.
Thoracic Malignancies and Other Second Neoplasms in Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
Authors: E. Almagro-Casado, D. Pérez-Callejo, J. Rubio-Martínez, F. Franco, M. Palka Kotlowska, A. Gonzaga, R. Núñez, C. Maximiano, M. Méndez García, M. Provencio Pulla
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)