tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9907: Epac Activation Protects Heart From Interleukin-6-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Inhibiting Stat/iNOS Signaling
Authors: Satoshi Okumura, Meihua Jin, Fumika Kawamata, Hui-Ling Jin, Wenqian Cai, Yunzhe Bai, Kenji Suita, Yuko Hidaka, Takashi Tsunematsu, Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released in septic shock and impair cardiac function via the Jak-STAT pathway. It is well known that sympathetic and thus catecholamine signaling is activated thereafter to compensate for cardiac dysfunction. The mechanism of such compensation by catecholamine has been traditionally understood as PKA-mediated enforcement of cardiac contractility. We hypothesized that Epac ( e xchange p rotein a ctivated by c yclic AMP), a new target of cAMP signaling that functions independently of PKA, also plays a key role. Activation of Epac with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2’-O-Me-cAMP-AM (8-CPT-AM) (10μM) for 5 hours, an Epac-selective cAMP analogue, significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of interleukin-6 (30ng/ml) on increase of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in response to β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (ISO:10 -5 M) (8-CPT-AM:(-)vs.(+) 3597±306 vs. 4780±186nM, P&lt;0.05, n=31-64 cells) and contractility as evaluated by cell shortening in response to isoproterenol (10 -5 M) in cardiac myocyte (8-CPT-AM:(-) vs.(+) 13.6±0.8 vs. 24.0±1.3%, P&lt;0.01, n=24-27 cells). These effects were mediated through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation (8-CPT-AM:(-)vs.(+) 100±4.6 vs. 43±11.5%, P&lt;0.01, n=6) and subsequent induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in cardiac myocytes (8-CPT-AM(-)vs.(+) 100±10.2 vs. 42±4.0%, P&lt;0.01, n=4). Lipopolysaccharide injection induced cytokine release and severe cardiac dysfunction in mouse. In mouse overexpressing Epac1 in the heart, however, the magnitude of such dysfunction was significantly smaller (NTG vs. TG 36±2.4 vs. 19±2.1%, P&lt;0.01, n=15-16). Epac1 overexpression decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 (NTG vs. TG 100±11 vs. 71±6%, P&lt;0.05, n=7) through the increased SOCS3 overexpression (NTG vs. TG 100±12.8 vs. 142±6.4, P&lt;0.05, n=4-7) and subsequent inhibition of iNOS expression (NTG vs. TG 100±11 vs. 66+8%, n=4, P&lt;0.05) in the heart. Activation of the cAMP/Epac pathway protected the heart against cytokine-induced cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a new role of catecholamine signaling in compensating for cardiac dysfunction in heart failure. Epac1 and its downstream pathway may be a novel target for treating cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia.
604. Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Ad-OC-TK plus VAL for the Patients with Metastatic or Local Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Initial Experience in Japan
Authors: Toshiro Shirakawa, Nobuyuki Hinata, Shuji Terao, Katsumi Shigemura, Naonori Taniguch, Kazuhito Fukushima, Khoji Sugimoto, Kazuro Sugimura, Masafumi Matsuo, Sakan Maeda, Sadao Kamidono, Chinghai Kao, Thomas A. Gardner, Leland W. K. Chung, Akinobu Gotoh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)
Abstract P216: Fatty Liver Index and Stroke Risk: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
Authors: Kristine S Alexander, Neil A Zakai, Steven D Lidofsky, Peter W Callas, Suzanne E Judd, Russell P Tracy, Mary Cushman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition driven by the obesity epidemic. It is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, but also cardiovascular disease events, independent of these factors. No prospective studies have investigated the association of NAFLD with stroke risk. Hypothesis: NAFLD is associated with the risk of stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) case-cohort study. Methods: The REGARDS study recruited 30,239 participants from the contiguous U.S., in order to study the reasons for regional and racial differences in stroke mortality. The REGARDS case-cohort study consists of 569 cases of incident stroke with 5.4 years follow up and a cohort random sample of 1,104. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) was used a surrogate marker for NAFLD. It is calculated as e X /(1 + e X ) x 100, where x = 0.953*log(triglycerides) + 0.139*BMI + 0.718*log(γ-glutamyltransferase) + 0.053*waist circumference - 15.745. An FLI &gt;60 is considered a positive score, 20-60 an intermediate score, and &lt;20 a negative score. After excluding 68 participants who reported heavy alcohol consumption and 87 with baseline stroke, Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of stroke for FLI category, adjusting for age, race, sex, and the Framingham stroke risk factors and stratified by body mass index (BMI). Results: In the cohort sample, 44% of participants had NAFLD based on the FLI and 19% had a negative score. Compared to those without NAFLD, individuals with a positive score were more likely to be male (51% vs. 28%), have hypertension (69% vs. 40%), dyslipidemia (68% vs. 37%) diabetes (35% vs. 8%), and higher BMI (mean 33.7 vs. 23.0 kg/m 2 ; all p&lt;0.001). No participant with BMI &lt; 20 kg/m 2 had NAFLD by FLI. NAFLD was not associated with risk of stroke in a model adjusted for age, race and sex; HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.69-1.46), or a model further adjusted for Framingham stroke risk factors; HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.45-1.11). Stratifying by BMI group (20-30 kg/m 2 ), there was no association between NAFLD and stroke risk in those with BMI 20-&lt;25 or 25-30 kg/m 2 . We were unable to analyze NAFLD in the BMI &gt;30 group, due to low number of negative scores. When analyzed as a continuous variable among those with BMI 30 kg/m 2 , the HRs for a 10 unit higher FLI score were 0.92 (95% CI 0.84-1.01) and 1.17 (95% CI 0.97-1.42), respectively, adjusted for age, sex, race, and stroke risk factors. Discussion: NAFLD, as determined by a positive FLI score, was not associated with risk of stroke although FLI score was borderline associated with stroke risk in those with a BMI &gt;30. Results raise the possibility that NAFLD represents end organ damage from an adverse metabolic profile, and is not a mediator of stroke risk.
Megace® and No Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fred J. Ansfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

For the past 4 years this author has treated almost 300 patients with Megace (megestrol acetate) for periods ranging from 6 weeks to 18 months and, in a few instances, longer. Most of the patients received Megace alone, with the remaining group receiving it in combination with 4 other compounds. The development of diabetes mellitus as described in the paper by J.C. Bottino and C.K. Tashima was not observed in any patients. The majority of patients had SMA 12/60 profiles at 6-week intervals during the 1st several months on therapy and later at about 2-month intervals including blood sugars. The several patients who had controlled adult diabetes when placed on Megace therapy alone or in combination developed no exacerbation of their diabetes while on this steroid. All of the patients received 40 mg 4 times daily throughout the period they were on Megace. It is this author's opinion that in the case described by Bottino and Tashima the development of diabetes mellitus was simply coincidental. This opinion is based on the treatment of a large number of patients with this compound.
Abstract P113: Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Kentucky Inmates: Effect of a Fitness Training and Health Education Intervention
Authors: Alison Connell, Debra Moser, Terry Lennie, Misook Chung
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: In state and federal prisons, approximately 20 percent of inmates have cardiovascular (CV) disease which is the leading cause of death in inmates. Inmates in the United States have high rates of cigarette smoking and drug abuse, lower socioeconomic and education levels, and high stress living conditions which increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a fitness training and health education intervention on cardiovascular risk reduction in inmates. Hypothesis: there will be a significant decline in CV risk factors following the intervention in the immediate intervention group versus wait-list-control intervention group at 3 months after baseline. Methods: The study enrolled 411 male inmates in four Kentucky state prisons. The intervention comprised 12-weeks of fitness training for 1-hour twice a week and one hour a week health education using a self-care approach. A multiple baselines design was used in which all participants receive...
Science, medicine, and the future: Microbubble contrast agents: a new era in ultrasound
Authors: M. J K Blomley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Contrast agents are widely used in imaging, but until recently they had little place in ultrasonography. This has changed with the introduction of microbubbles—small (typically 3 μm in diameter) gas filled bubbles that are usually injected intravenously. Injecting a gas into the circulation may seem potentially hazardous, but extensive clinical experience has shown that the tiny volume of air or gas given (under 200 μl) is not dangerous, and the safety of microbubbles compares well to that of conventional agents in radiography and magnetic resonance imaging.1 Although microbubbles were originally designed simply to improve conventional ultrasound scanning, recent discoveries have opened up powerful emerging applications. This article describes some of these applications in radiology and cardiology and discusses the potential of microbubbles for therapy.

We prepared this review from contributions from researchers with special knowledge of the use of microbubbles in radiology, cardiology, and treatment. We combined our personal experience in research over several years with a review of recent literature on the subject.

Microbubbles work by resonating in an ultrasound beam, rapidly contracting and expanding in response to the pressure changes of the sound wave. By a fortunate coincidence, they vibrate particularly strongly at the high frequencies used for diagnostic ultrasound imaging. This makes them several thousand times more reflective than normal body tissues. In this way they enhance both grey scale images and flow mediated Doppler signals. As well as being useful in itself, the resonance that microbubbles produce has several special properties that can be exploited to improve diagnoses. Just as with a musical instrument, multiple harmonic signals—or overtones—are produced. Ultrasound scanners can be tuned to “listen” to these harmonics, producing strong preferential imaging of the microbubbles in an image. The selective excitation produced can also destroy microbubbles relatively easily, an effect that can be useful …
Cryptosporidiosis surveillance and water-borne outbreaks in Europe
Authors: J C Semenza, G Nichols
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Cryptosporidium causes diarrhoeal disease that can be particularly severe in immuno-compromised individuals. Cryptosporidiosis is a notifiable disease at European Union level, and surveillance data are collected through the European Basic Surveillance Network. The disease distribution in Europe for 2005 showed 7,960 cryptosporidiosis cases reported from 16 countries. The crude incidence rate was 1.9 cases per 100,000, although there were considerable differences in the rates of cryptosporidiosis between countries. Infection was more commonly reported in young children. A pronounced seasonal peak was observed in the autumn of 2005, with 59% of the cases reported between August and November, although Ireland and Spain experienced a peak in spring and summer, respectively. Cryptosporidiosis outbreak investigations and analytic studies have associated the disease with drinking water supplies, animal contact, travel, and swimming pools. Contamination of the source water for drinking water supplies, as well as inadequate water treatment can be responsible for cryptosporidiosis outbreaks. Routine cryptosporidiosis surveillance from North West England over 17 years showed that the cases occurred predominantly in spring and autumn. British drinking water regulations and improvements in drinking water treatment have coincided with a decline in cryptosporidiosis incidence. Improvements in cryptosporidiosis surveillance such as detection, recording and reporting will help to recognise outbreaks and monitor interventions.
Abstract 18130: Quantitative Heart Measures Are More Predictive of 1-Year Mortality Than Weight-Based Donor-Recipient Matching in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Ziad Taimeh, Khalil Murad, Monica Colvin, Sue Duval, Cindy Martin, Ranjit John, Peter Eckman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction and hypothesis: Donor-recipient matching in heart transplantation (HT) is heavily dependent on weight. The limited pool of donor hearts mandates efforts to expand that pool without compromising outcomes. We evaluated the impact of matching based on quantitative heart measures (QHMs) on 1-year survival after HT. Methods: Data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry was used to calculate QHMs of both donors and recipients of HT. QHM uses validated mathematical models derived from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort based on height, weight, age, and sex to estimate total ventricular mass (TVM), total ventricular end-diastolic volume (TVV), and total cardiac volume (TCV). The matching level of each donor-recipient pair was assessed for each QHM; matched ±25%, undersized and oversized. Association between matching level (by weight, and by each QHM) and 1-year mortality rates were then analyzed. Results: We identified a total of 37,265 donor-recipient pairs between 1987 and 2013. Matching by weight did not have any 1-year mortality (p=0.43) benefit. Under-sizing or over-sizing by TCV had significantly higher 1-year mortality (p&lt;0.001). Over-sizing by either TVM or TVV had significantly higher 1-year mortality (p&lt;0.001, p=0.024, respectively) (Table and Figure). Conclusions: In HT, donor-recipient matching by QHMs derived from height, weight, age, and sex may offer advantages for making decisions about organ suitability over a weight-based algorithm.
NIH Study Demonstrates Metabolism Affects Ease of Weight Loss
Authors: Julie Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gliomas in Childhood
Authors: Bruce H. Cohen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Gliomas account for 40% of the histologic types of brain tumors in children. These tumors occur in all parts of the central nervous system and represent a wide spectrum of pathogenicity, with about half being high grade tumors. Aside from most types of brainstem and midline gliomas, surgical resection is the initial treatment modality, and in some low grade gliomas a gross total resection is curative. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used to treat progressive low grade gliomas as well as most high grade gliomas, but treatments are individualized to the particular clinical setting. Survivors may have a variety of systemic and neurologic sequelae, and long-term evaluations are required in all patients.
RECURRENT TETANUS: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: H L MARTIN, F McDOWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Case Reports1 July 1954RECURRENT TETANUS: REPORT OF A CASEHERBERT L. MARTIN, M.D., FLETCHER MCDOWELL, M.D.HERBERT L. MARTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FLETCHER MCDOWELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-1-159 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecurrent tetanus has been described infrequently. In a review of the literature through 1940 Vener and Bower1were able to find only six cases, including the one reported by them at that time. However, Mobius2more recently was able to find reports of 54 cases in the German and French literature. A probable site of reinfection was established in 29 of these patients, all of whom had had an asymptomatic interval of weeks, months or years. Many of the remaining 25 patients, some of whom had had short asymptomatic periods, may have suffered relapse of tetanus rather than recurrent tetanus....Bibliography1. VenerBower HIAG: Tetanus: second attack with recovery, J. A. M. A. 114: 2198 (June) 1940. Google Scholar2. Mobius L: Atypical and recurrent tetanus, Ztschr. f. Kinderh. 68: 427, 1950. Google Scholar3. GodmanAdriani HEJ: Management of patients with tetanus, J. A. M. A. 141: 754 (Nov.) 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SantemmaGraham EEGC: Tolserol in tetanus, New York State J. Med. 50: 2731, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Davison MD: Mephenesin in tetanus, Anesthesiology 12: 120, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Westwater AM: A case of recurrent tetanus, Brit. M. J. 1: 395, 1917. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication October 12, 1953.From the Second (Cornell) Neurological Service, Bellevue Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClostridial InfectionsThe narcotic addict as a medical patientTetanus of the NewbornThe Major Medical Complications of Heroin AddictionDONALD B. LOURIA, M.D., F.A.C.P., TERRY HENSLE, B.S., JOHN ROSE, B.S.L’immunisation active contre le tétanosGENERALIZED TETANUS: ANALYSIS OF 202 CASES*MARIO R. GARCIA-PALMIERI, M.D., RICARDO RAMIREZ, M.D.The Management of Tetanus 1 July 1954Volume 41, Issue 1Page: 159-163KeywordsTetanus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
Crete, channels, cells, circuits and computers1The Crete Course in Computational Neuroscience is supported by the European Commission (ERBFMMACT950036), by The Brain Science Foundation (Tokyo), by UNESCO (96GRE302) and by Sun Microsystems. The next course will take place from 7 September — 3 October 1997. More information can be found at http://bbf-www.uia.ac.be/Crete_index.html or by writing to Prof. E. De Schutter, Born-Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp —UIA, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610…
Authors: Shimon Ullman, Arnd Roth, Alex Thomson, Marja-Leena Linne
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1997)
Memantine for Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy.
Authors: M A Pops
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

In the past 10 years with the development of improved methods, particularly radioisotope techniques, it has been demonstrated that a number of patients with gastrointestinal disease and depletion of plasma proteins become hypoproteinemic because of actual leakage of albumin and other plasma proteins into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The site of protein leakage is variable depending on the underlying pathological state but the loss of protein-containing lymph through the gastrointestinal lymphatic channels seems to be the major mechanism for hypoproteinemia.It has become apparent that there exists a normal mechanism for secretion of plasma proteins into the gastrointestinal tract as part of the overall metabolism of the plasma proteins. When the process is exaggerated so that resynthesis of plasma protein cannot keep pace with its degradation, sometimes severe hypoproteinemia is the result. Such a pathological process has now been described in approximately 40 disease states. A review of all the techniques which can demonstrate gastroenteric protein loss reveals that there are no widely available quantitative tests but that accurate quantitation is not necessary for the diagnosis of protein losing gastroenteropathy.