tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital-Diagnosed Pertussis Infection in Children and Long-term Risk of Epilepsy
Authors: Morten Olsen, Sandra K. Thygesen, John R. Østergaard, Henrik Nielsen, Victor W. Henderson, Vera Ehrenstein, Mette Nørgaard, Henrik Toft Sørensen
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pertussis is associated with encephalopathy and seizures in infants. However, the risk of childhood epilepsy following pertussis is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether pertussis is associated with the long-term risk of epilepsy. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We used individually linked data from population-based medical registries covering all Danish hospitals to identify a cohort of all patients with pertussis born between 1978 and 2011, followed up through 2011. We used the Civil Registration System to identify 10 individuals from the general population for each patient with pertussis, matched on sex and year of birth. <h3>Exposures</h3> Inpatient or hospital-based outpatient diagnosis of pertussis. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Cumulative incidence and hazard ratio of time to hospital-based epilepsy diagnosis (pertussis cohort vs general population cohort), adjusted for birth year, sex, maternal history of epilepsy, presence of congenital malformations, and gestational age. Unique personal identifiers permitted unambiguous data linkage and complete follow-up for death, emigration, and hospital contacts. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 4700 patients with pertussis (48% male), of whom 90 developed epilepsy during the follow-up. The cumulative incidence of epilepsy at age 10 years was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.1%) for patients with pertussis and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8%-1.0%) for the matched comparison cohort. The corresponding adjusted overall hazard ratio was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.3-2.1). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In Denmark, risk of epilepsy was increased in children with hospital-diagnosed pertussis infections compared with the general population; however, the absolute risk was low.
The role of right heart catheterization prior to initiation of PAH specific therapy
Authors: Francisca Gavilanes, Jose Leonidas Alves-Jr., Caio Fernandes, Carlos Jardim, Luciana Kato, Susana Hoette, Andre Hovnanian, Bruno Dias, Rogerio Souza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Although an extensive diagnostic investigation is mandatory for suspected pulmonary hypertension, only the right heart catetherism (RHC) establishes a definite diagnosis.  Objective: Evaluate the implications of RHC in the management of potential pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, with regards to diagnosis and classification of this population.  Methods: From 2008 to 2012, 340 diagnostic RHC were performed at our center. Only potential candidates for specific intervention routinely undergo RHC; thus, patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction  Results: Of 340 patients, 267 (78%) confirmed the presence of PH at RHC with mean age of 50 yo, female/male ratio of 3.8:1 and 42% in functional class III-IV. The most important difference between groups is related to age with older patients in groups II and III.  The resulting distribution according to the final diagnosis was the following: 64% were diagnosed as PAH, 13% as PH associated to left heart disease, 7% as PH associated to lung parenchyma disease, 12% CTEPH and 3% were classified within group 5.  Conclusions: The significant proportion of patients without PH or diagnosed as PH associated to left heart disease, even after extensive noninvasive investigation, strengthen the discriminative role of RHC, particularly in older patients, for whom, alternative diagnosis, other than PAH, should be appropriately excluded.
Effectiveness of a cognitive orientation program with and without nicotine replacement therapy in stopping smoking in hospitalised patients
Authors: Borja Valencia, Francisco Ortega, Arturo Vellisco, Eduardo Márquez-Martín, Jose Luis Lόpez Campos, Ana María Rodríguez, Marta Ferrer, Pilar Cejudo, Emilia Barrot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

a b s t r a c t Introduction: We have analyzed the effectiveness of high-intensity cognitive-behavioral intervention initiated during hospitalization, compared with minimal intervention. We have also analyzed whether the combination of intervention with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can increase smoking abstinence rates after 12 months of follow-up. Methods: We studied 2,560 active smokers during their hospital stays. Of these, 717 smokers declined to participate in the study, and after minimal intervention they were asked for permission to telephone them one year later to ask if they continued to smoke. The remaining 1,843 smokers received high-intensity cognitive therapy and were randomized to receive NRT or not. The follow-up after hospital discharge was completed either in the outpatient consultation or by telephone sessions. Results: One year later, 7% of the patients who declined to participate in the study maintained smoking abstinence, compared with 27% of those who did participate in the study (p<0.001). There were significant differences between the group that only received behavioral treatment (21% abstinence) compared with the group that also received NRT (33% abstinence; p=0.002). In this last group, there were significant differences (p=0.03) between those who attended outpatient consultation (39% abstinence) and those who had telephone sessions (30%). In the multivariate analysis, the predictors for abstinence 12 months later were: having used NRT (OR 12.2; 95% CI, 5.2-32; p=0.002) and a higher score on the Richmond test (OR 10.1; 95% CI, 3.9-24.2; p=0.01). Conclusions: Cognitive orientation interventions initiated in hospitalized smokers increase 12-month abstinence rates compared with minimal intervention, and said rates increase significantly when NRT is added.
Correlations between cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
Authors: Robert Plywaczewski, Monika Targowska, Anna Czyzak-Gradkowska, Luiza Jonczak, Przemyslaw Bielen, Dorota Gorecka, Pawel Sliwinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess relations between OSA and diabetes. We studied 1164 OSA pts (876 males and 298 females), mean age = 56.4±10.4 years, AHI = 39.6±21.7, BMI = 34.2±6.4, mean SaO 2 = 90.8±5.8%. Diabetes was found in 249 pts (21.4%). Comparison of OSA groups with- and without diabetes is shown in the table.  Logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and obesity (BMI > 30 vs ≤ 30 kg/m2).  Conclusions: Diabetes was frequent (>20% of subjects) in moderate and severe OSA patients. Cardiovascular diseases and obesity were the independent predictors of diabetes in this group.
Abstract P83: CPR Rescuer Fatigue: Oxygen Consumption (VO2) Is Static While Chest Compression Quality Deteriorates Over Time
Authors: Oluwakemi Badaki, Frances Nadel, Michael McBride, Aaron Donoghue, Dana Niles, Stephen Paridon, Vinay Nadkarni
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGROUND: Rescuer fatigue during CPR impacts quality of chest compressions (CC) and survival. AHA recommends switching CC provider every 2 min. Little data exists relating CC quality and fatigue ...
Abstract 17944: The Impact of Baseline PR Interval on Response to CRT in Heart Failure with Narrow QRS Complexes: A Sub-Study of the ReThinQ Trial
Authors: Matthew M Stopper, Jianqing Li, John F Beshai, Behzad B Pavri
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In heart failure (HF) patients (pts) who are treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), the programmed AV delay must be shorter than the native PR interval in order to preempt intrinsic, dyssynchronous conduction. When the native PR interval is short, such programming results in truncation of transmitral flow, especially in the presence of dilated atria and marked intraatrial (R–&gt;L) conduction delays. Pts with longer baseline PR intervals can have longer (more physiologic) AV delay programming, thereby allowing complete left atrial emptying. Such pts may show improved response to CRT. We analyzed the impact of baseline PR interval in the ReThinQ Trial, which assessed response to CRT in pts with NYHA class III HF, QRS complex duration &lt;130 ms, and echo-detected dyssynchrony. Methods: Pts randomized to CRT in the ReThinQ trial were divided onto 2 groups depending on baseline PR interval: PR≥180ms and PR&lt;180ms. Outcomes at 6 months were compared in the 2 groups. Results: A total of 87 pts were randomized to CRT; 45 pts had PR≥180ms and 42 pts had PR&lt;180ms. At baseline, age, gender, type of cardiomyopathy, LVEF and QRS duration were similar in the 2 groups. Compared to baseline, peak VO 2 at 6 months (which was the primary endpoint in the ReThinQ Trial) was significantly improved only in pts with PR≥180ms (12.1–&gt;13.5 ml/kg/min, P =0.045) but not in pts with PR&lt;180 ms (12.1–&gt;12.3 ml/kg/min, P =NS). Although both groups had significant improvements in NYHA class, pts with PR≥180ms showed greater improvement at 6 months as compared to pts with PR&lt;180 ms (2.3 vs. 2.6, P =0.017). Finally, improvement in exercise duration showed a trend toward significance in pts with PR≥180ms (9.1–&gt;9.9 min, P =0.12), but there was no difference in pts with PR&lt;180 ms (8.6–&gt;8.7 min, P =0.42). There were no significant changes in LVEF. Conclusions: In the ReThinQ Trial, only pts with PR≥180ms showed significant improvements in peak VO 2 after 6 months of CRT. Similarly, NYHA class improved to a greater degree in pts with PR≥180ms as compared to pts with PR&lt;180 ms. This suggests that some of the benefit of CRT may be negated by truncation of transmitral flow in pts with PR&lt;180 ms. A short baseline PR may be a contributor to CRT non-response.
Alteration of Cell-Surface Antigenicity of the Mouse Plasmacytoma. II. Lack of Correlation Between Synthesis of Myeloma Protein and Alteration of Surface Antigen23
Authors: Shinsuke Ohno, Shiyunnosuke Natsu-ume-Sakai, Shunsuke Migita
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The correlation between the changes of immunoglobulin synthesis and the surface antigenicity was analyzed by cytotoxicity and quantitative antibody-absorption tests with the cells of immunoglobulin-producing and nonproducing mouse plasmacytoma. IgA-synthesizing BLAB/c plasmacytoma 58-8 and the non-IgA-synthesizing variant of the 58-8 (nonproducer) were killed with rabbit anti-58-8 plasmacytoma cell antiserum, C3H/He anti-BALB/c spleen cell antiserum, and (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 anti-BALB/c plasmacytoma cell MOPC-31C antiserum plus complement, only when the cells were pretreated with pronase. Quantitative absorption tests revealed that the nonproducer, 58-8 had the same amount of plasmacytoma antigen of 58-8 and PC.1 antigen, and a greater amount of H-2d antigen, as did producer 58-8. The same analysis was carried out for the C3H mouse plasmacytoma X5563, which has an M-component of IgG2a. The nonproducer X5563 had a greater amount of H-2k antigen and a smaller amount of the plasmacytoma antigen of X5563 than did the producer X5563. No detectable PC.1 antigen was observed at surfaces of the producer and the nonproducer X5563 cells.
Synergizing Engineering and Biology to Treat and Model Skeletal Muscle Injury and Disease
Authors: Nenad Bursac, Mark Juhas, Thomas A. Rando
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2015)

Although skeletal muscle is one of the most regenerative organs in our body, various genetic defects, alterations in extrinsic signaling, or substantial tissue damage can impair muscle function and the capacity for self-repair. The diversity and complexity of muscle disorders have attracted much interest from both cell biologists and, more recently, bioengineers, leading to concentrated efforts to better understand muscle pathology and develop more efficient therapies. This review describes the biological underpinnings of muscle development, repair, and disease, and discusses recent bioengineering efforts to design and control myomimetic environments, both to study muscle biology and function and to aid in the development of new drug, cell, and gene therapies for muscle disorders. The synergy between engineering-aided biological discovery and biology-inspired engineering solutions will be the path forward for translating laboratory results into clinical practice.
Significance of DNA Cross-links on 1-(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU)-Induced Cytotoxicity Against ACNU-Sensitive and -Resistant Lines of 9L Rat Glioma Cells
Authors: T Kokunai, N Tamaki, S Matsumoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The formation and removal of DNA cross-links caused by treatment with 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) were assayed by the technique of alkaline elution for DNA in comparison with the cytotoxicities in ACNU-sensitive rat 9L cells or ACNU-resistant subclones of 9L cells (9L/R cells). The ACNU-resistant 9L/R cells appeared to be about 16 times more resistant against ACNU than were the 9L cells. The DNA cross-links immediately after the treatment with ACNU were not detectable in 9L or 9L/R cells. Although the level of cross-links for 9L cells had reached a maximum at 6 hours and then persisted at almost the same level as that at 24 hours after the treatment with ACNU, the level for 9L/R cells was very low at 6 hours and then gradually decreased at 24 hours after treatment with ACNU. Inhibition of the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links caused by the treatment with ACNU might be a factor for the ACNU resistance in 9L/R cells. Also, the capacity for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links might participate in the mechanisms of the ACNU resistance in 9L/R cells.
The Felixmüller Family
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of Metastatic Renal Cancer
Authors: Patricia Thompson, Mayer Fishman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

The purpose of this article is to review the systemic management options for patients with metastatic renal cancer. We reviewed the literature regarding systemic management of metastatic renal cancer. Treatment options of chemotherapy agents, immunotherapy, molecularly targeted agents, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, vaccines, and other manipulations of the immune system are discussed. No chemotherapy agent used alone or in combination has consistently produced responses to substantiate its routine use. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-α (IFN-α) have shown response rates ranging from 10% to 20%. Some studies have shown that retinoids may enhance the antitumor activity of IFN-α. Molecularly targeted agents and angiogenic agents are being actively pursued and several studies are showing response rates above 30%. Although nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation shows some promising results, they also have limitations to its use. Therapy strategies that incorporate vaccines as part of comprehensive immune manipulations are also being studied. The systemic treatment of patients with advanced renal cell cancer continues to be a significant challenge. Immunotherapy treatment has shown response in up to 20% of patients. Unfortunately, most do not respond. The current technologies are promising and may be the key step for introduction of better treatments for renal cancer care.
Inhaled cationic salts modulate macrophage function to reduce inflammation during LPS induced lung injury
Authors: S.P. Arold, E.L. Berry, D. Rosa, F.A. Saia, S. Kong, P.L. Wright, R.W. Clarke, D.L. Hava
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Pulmatrix is developing PUR118 as a host-targeted, dry powder therapy based on the inhalation of calcium salts for acute exacerbation (AE) control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other inflammatory lung disease. Preclinical data suggest that this approach is effective against an array of pathogens and also reduces inflammation resulting from environmental stimuli such as tobacco smoke. We hypothesized that this treatment could be efficacious in reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung inflammation by modulating the function of pulmonary macrophages. Mice were exposed to nebulized LPS (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and PUR118, was delivered via whole body exposure 1h post-LPS challenge. Four hours after LPS exposure inflammatory cell counts and chemokine and cytokine concentrations were determined in BAL. PUR118 treatment decreased total inflammatory cell counts and neutrophil counts in the BAL fluid of LPS challenged mice and correlated with reduced KC, IL-6 and TNF-α in BAL fluid. Separately, peritoneal macrophages were isolated from naive mice and challenged with LPS in media supplemented with calcium to simulate conditions thought to be found in lung fluid lining after PUR118 treatment. Inflammatory mediator secretion and gene expression were determined 2h post LPS exposure. Macrophages stimulated with LPS in the presence of calcium exhibited a dose dependent decrease in KC, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion as well as reduced gene expression for these inflammatory mediators. These data suggest that PUR118 can act through macrophages to reduce lung inflammation and may reduce the risk of AE caused by infections during chronic lung disease.
Expression of interleukin-27 (IL27) in human lower airways. Pathophysiological implications in pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS)
Authors: Piotr Kopinski, Tomasz Wandtke, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Grzegorz Przybylski, Ewelina Pólgesek, Andrzej Dyczek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Interleukin-27 was recently discovered as a cytokine secreted by antigen presenting cells, participating in T cell priming and supporting Th1 type immune polarization. IL27 expression has not been examined yet in lower airways.   Aims:  Identification of IL27 sources in human lower airways. Preliminary assessment of IL27 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) patients.   Methods:  Intracellular IL27 expression cells was determined by indirect phenotyping and flow cytometry in BAL cells obtained from patients with PS (incl. steroid treated subjects), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and controls, as well as in Human Lung Fibroblasts (HLF1) and pneumocyte type II (A549) cell lines. IL27 extracellular secretion was tested by ELISA (cat. no E90385Hu, Diaclone) in supernatants of BAL and cell cultures.   Results:  BAL detectable IL27 levels were shown by ELISA in 6 (median 9ng/ml) of 13 PS untreated patients. IL27 was not found in BAL supernatants of steroid-treated PS, IPF and controls. HLF1, A549 and alveolar macrophages were positive for intracellular IL27. Surprisingly, IL27+ BAL lymphocytes were found in all tested groups (PS: 81±6.2%; IPF: 37±13.4%; controls: 46±15%, median±SEM, insignificant).   Conclusions:  In physiological conditions, IL27 is produced in lower airways by lung fibroblasts, epithelial and BAL immune cells, including lymphocytes. Its increased expression in PS suggests IL27 to play a role in ILD pathophysiology, probably as Th1 activity marker.
Development of sulfasalazine resistance in human T cells induces expression of the multidrug resistance transporter ABCG2 (BCRP) and augmented production of TNF 
Authors: J van der Heijden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether overexpression of cell membrane associated drug efflux pumps belonging to the family of ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins contributes to a diminished efficacy of sulfasalazine (SSZ) after prolonged cellular exposure to this disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). <b>Methods:</b> A model system of human T cells (CEM) was used to expose cells in vitro to increasing concentrations of SSZ for a period of six months. Cells were then characterised for the expression of drug efflux pumps: P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2). <b>Results:</b> Prolonged exposure of CEM cells to SSZ provoked resistance to SSZ as manifested by a 6.4-fold diminished antiproliferative effect of SSZ compared with parental CEM cells. CEM cells resistant to SSZ (CEM/SSZ) showed a marked induction of ABCG2/BCRP, Pgp expression was not detectable, while MRP1 expression was even down regulated. A functional role of ABCG2 in SSZ resistance was demonstrated by 60% reversal of SSZ resistance by the ABCG2 blocker Ko143. Release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) was threefold higher in CEM/SSZ cells than in CEM cells. Moreover, twofold higher concentrations of SSZ were required to inhibit TNFα release from CEM/SSZ cells compared with CEM cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> Collectively, ABCG2 induction, augmented TNFα release, and less efficient inhibition of TNFα production by SSZ may contribute to diminished efficacy after prolonged exposure to SSZ. These results warrant further clinical studies to verify whether drug efflux pumps, originally identified for their roles in cytostatic drug resistance, can also be induced by SSZ or other DMARDs.