tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluticasone propionate in Crohn's disease.
Authors: M C de Kaski, A M Peters, J P Lavender, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1991)

Fluticasone propionate, a topically active corticosteroid of low systemic bioavailability after oral administration, has been used in a pilot study for the treatment of mild and moderately active Crohn9s disease. Twelve patients received oral fluticasone propionate for three weeks, and the effects were monitored using the Crohn9s disease activity index and by 111In granulocyte scanning, assessing inflammation from scan appearances, four day faecal excretion of radioactivity, and whole body excretion of radioactivity. All patients completed the trial. No serious side effects were reported. There was a significant fall in Crohn9s disease activity index values over the three week treatment period (193 (84) v 122 (51), p less than 0.01). 111In leucocyte scan images were improved (seven patients) or unchanged (five patients). There was a significant fall in excretion of injected radioactivity calculated from whole body data (28 (21)% v 14 (0.7)%, p less than 0.05). There were no changes in plasma cortisol values, either basal or synacthen stimulated. Fluticasone propionate is a promising therapeutic agent for Crohn9s disease that offers the possibility of controlling inflammation without inducing systemic corticosteroid side effects and which merits evaluation in a double blind trial versus conventional corticosteroids.
Expression of αB-crystallin in the developing rat kidney
Authors: Toru Iwaki, Akiko Iwaki, Ronald K.H. Liem, James E. Goldman
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

The expression and cellular localization of alpha B-crystallin during rat renal development was studied by Northern blot analysis and by immunocytochemistry. Northern blotting of total RNA extracted from whole kidneys revealed that the messenger RNA for alpha B-crystallin rapidly increased after birth to reach adult levels by 20 days. At the same time, immunohistochemistry for alpha B-crystallin demonstrated that the prominent elongation of Henle's loop during the first 10 days of life was accompanied by increased alpha B-crystallin expression. Thus, the development of alpha B-crystallin expression is correlated temporally with the acquisition of tubule function in early post-natal life.
Endothelin-converting enzyme is a plausible target gene for hypoxia-inducible factor
Authors: Mogher Khamaisi, Hala Toukan, Jonathan H. Axelrod, Christian Rosenberger, Galia Skarzinski, Ahuva Shina, Rina Meidan, Robert Koesters, Seymour Rosen, Gail Walkinshaw, Imari Mimura, Masaomi Nangaku, Samuel N. Heyman
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
30 ROLE OF SURGICAL RESECTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN THE BARCELONA-CLINIC-LIVER-CANCER CLASSIFICATION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: M. Donadon, F. Procopio, D. Del Fabbro, F. Botea, A. Palmisano, M. Marconi, M. Montorsi, G. Torzilli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Indications for Brain Scans
Authors: Frank Vieras
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read with interest the article by Wittes and Yeh (238:506-507) in which they state that brain scans are not useful for screening patients without clinical evidence of metastases from oat cell carcinoma. There has been some controversy on this issue, particularly in light of conflicting reports that appeared simultaneously in 1976.<sup>1,2</sup> While the article by Wittes and Yeh was in press, we<sup>3</sup>published one on this subject of the usefulness of brain scintigraphy in the detection of clinically occult brain metastases. Briefly, in 136 patients who had various types of cancer (52%, carcinoma of the lung) and who at the time of brain scintigraphy lacked clinical evidence of brain metastases, neither dynamic nor static brain scintigraphy with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m identified silent intracerebral metastases. The only two abnormal static studies found were due to skull metastases in one case and dural metastases
Prevalence of shoulder pain in the community: the influence of case definition
Authors: D. P Pope, P. R Croft, C. M Pritchard, A. J Silman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To compare estimates of the occurrence of shoulder pain according to (a) different approaches to defining 'shoulder' and (b) restricting the definition to only include those with associated disability. <h3>METHODS</h3> A postal questionnaire survey was sent to a sample of 500 patients registered with a general practice in south Manchester. After additional mailings to non-responders, 312 questionnaires were returned (66% adjusted response rate). Four definitions of shoulder pain were used to estimate the occurrence of symptoms derived from answers to the questionnaire. Two were based on questions asking directly about pain in the shoulder and the upper trunk and neck region respectively and two were based on markings on a pain drawing in the shoulder complex and the upper trunk respectively. To determine the occurrence of disabling shoulder pain responders were subsequently approached for interview. Of the responders, 232 (74%) were successfully interviewed. Those indicating that they were suffering from 'current' shoulder symptoms, pain on the day of interview, were asked to complete a short, 23 item, questionnaire enquiring about disability in daily living associated with such symptoms. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In total 160 (51%) people reported shoulder pain according to at least one definition. This one month period prevalence ranged from 31% to 48% across the four definitions with the lowest estimate being for the question asking directly about shoulder symptoms. In total 84 people (27% of all respondents) answered positively to all four definitions. Only seven people who answered positively when asked directly about shoulder pain did not indicate symptoms on the pain drawing in the shoulder complex. By contrast 65 (30%) of those answering negatively to the direct question about shoulder pain indicated symptoms on the pain drawing in the upper trunk region or answered positively to the direct question about pain in the upper trunk or neck region. However only 19 (9%) of those answering negatively to the direct question indicated symptoms in the shoulder complex on the pain drawing, compared with 38 (18%) indicating symptoms in the upper trunk region and 59 (27%) symptoms in the upper trunk and neck region. Limiting the definition to only include current symptoms with some associated disability (at least one item on the disability questionnaire being answered positively) restricted the point prevalence to 20% (n=46). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Using a pain drawing based definition with case ascertainment restricted to an area in and around the shoulder complex is recommended for surveys assessing the occurrence of shoulder symptoms in the general population. To solve the problem of the poor specificity associated with symptom based definitions it is useful to incorporate an additional classification to restrict the definition to more disabling problems.
Association of Group C β-Hemolytic Streptococci With Endemic Pharyngitis Among College Students
Authors: James C. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Throat cultures were performed throughout 2 school years to determine whether non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (NGA BHS) could be isolated more frequently in 232 college students who had symptomatic pharyngitis than from 198 age-matched controls with noninfectious problems. Duplicate throat swabs were inoculated onto plates that contained sheep blood agar, one plate being incubated in a 5% CO2 atmosphere and the other in an anaerobic environment. The BHS were grouped using latex agglutination. Among the NGA BHS, only those from group C were isolated significantly more often among the patients compared with the controls (26% vs 11%). Quantitative colony counts of isolates of group C BHS were generally higher among patients than controls. Patients with group C BHS had fever, exudative tonsillitis, and anterior cervical adenopathy significantly more frequently than did patients who had throat cultures that were negative for group C BHS. Group C BHS were epidemiologically associated with endemic pharyngitis in this college student population.
Gesture-first, but no gestures?
Authors: David McNeill, Bennett Bertenthal, Jonathan Cole, Shaun Gallagher
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Although Arbib's extension of the mirror-system hypothesis neatly sidesteps one problem with the “gesture-first” theory of language origins, it overlooks the importance of gestures that occur in current-day human linguistic performance, and this lands it with another problem. We argue that, instead of gesture-first, a system of combined vocalization and gestures would have been a more natural evolutionary unit.
European Health Care Reform: Analysis of Current Strategies Back to Bismarck: Eastern European Health Care Systems in Transition
Authors: S. Karjalainen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Richard B Saltman, Josep Figueras

WHO Regional Office of Europe, £13, pp 310

ISBN 92 890 1336 2

Jorgen Marree, Peter P Groenewegen

Ashgate Avebury, £32.50, pp 138

ISBN 1 85972 617 8

Bismarck, Beveridge, and Semashko—what do these names have in common? Each man has given his name to a model that describes one of the predominant types of statutory financing of Europe's healthcare systems. In fact, the Semashko model, used by countries of the former Eastern bloc, does not exist any more. However, it was the starting point for all countries of central and eastern Europe and of the Commonwealth of Independent States when they decided to move towards the social insurance system (Bismarck model).

Models have always been used to describe and simplify complex things. Reading European Health Care Reform reminded me of the breathtaking moment when I first saw the large map of “Biochemical pathways” …
Lymphoblastic leukemic transformation (lymphoblastic crisis) in myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Aaron Polliack, Miron Prokocimer, Yaacov Matzner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developing in myelofibrosis (MF) and myeloid metaplasia (MM) is reported in two patients. In both cases, the clinical course of the „blastic crisis”︁ was rapidly progressive with little response to chemotherapy. The circulating cells were readily identified as lymphoblasts on the basis of cytology, cytochemistry, immunologic studies, and ultrastructure. In one of the cases, 40% of cells had T‐cell markers and all cells contained paranuclear acid phosphatase. In the second case, cells had a „Burkitt‐like”︁ appearance, contained multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles positive for oil red O, and one‐third of them had B‐cell markers. The development of lymphoblastic crisis in MF and MM occurs rarely, is analogous to blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia, and supports the hypothesis that myeloproliferative disorders originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.
PHYSICAL DEFECTS DISCOVERED IN SELECTIVE DRAFT MEN DURING THE WORLD WAR
Authors: MERRITTE W. IRELAND
Journal: JAMA (1922)

An unusual opportunity was afforded during the late war to the medical profession of this country to obtain definite information from the reports of the examinations of the selective service men in regard to the physical condition of the young men of this country between the ages of 21 and 30 years. During the World War, more than 4,000,000 men were enrolled in the military service in the Army, and slightly more than 600,000 in the Navy and Marine Corps. Of the number in the Army, approximately 2,700,000, or more than 70 per cent., came in in accordance with the provisions of the Selective Service Act. Never before in the history of this country had such a large number of men been examined physically for the military service, for whom accurate records of the examinations were preserved. Prior to this time the largest army assembled in the United States was
1097 Thyroid hormone inhibits cAMP dependent proliferation of cholangiocytes from bile duct ligated rats by a IP/Ca/PKC-dependent mechanism
Authors: G FAVA, S GLASER, J PHINIZY, H FRANCIS, L MARUCCI, A BENEDETTI, S TAFETTANI, J VENTER, B BAUMANN, R REICHENBACH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Old drugs, new tricks
Authors: A. F. Shaughnessy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A meta-analysis last year linking aspirin to reduced death rates from certain types of can cer signalled the latest reinvention of this well established drug.1 Developed as an analgesic, greater understanding of its properties has led to it being used to treat stroke and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and it has also been suggested to help prevent pre-eclampsia and dementia. Aspirin is just one of many drugs that have found new uses, some before they even get to market (see table). Raloxifene, for osteoporo sis, was a failed oral contraceptive found to increase bone density. The antidepressant fluoxetine flunked hypertension trials but affected mood. The erectile dysfunction treat ment sildenafil was ineffective for angina. All three medicines were repurposed to great effect. Discovering new uses for old drugs offers great promise for quickly bringing new thera peutic options to patient care; the lag between drug discovery and availability, often 10 years or longer, can be shortened by dusting off drugs already marketed and repurposing them. But the discoveries are not simply down to serendip ity. New uses are increasingly being discovered not by pharmacologists but by computer scien tists in university departments of computational drug discovery or biomedical informatics.
NK-cell education is shaped by donor HLA genotype after unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Philippe Haas, Pascale Loiseau, Ryad Tamouza, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Hélène Moins-Teisserenc, Marc Busson, Guylaine Henry, Christine S. Falk, Dominique Charron, Gérard Socié, Antoine Toubert, Nicolas Dulphy
Journal: Blood (2010)
Patient Autonomy and the Unfortunate Choice between Repatriation and Suboptimal Treatment
Authors: Kevin Wack, Toby Schonfeld
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

In his article “Can Medical Repatriation Be Ethical?” (2012), Mark Kuczewski outlines three criteria that must be met in order for it to be permissible for a patient to be sent back to his or her c...
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Flecainide Therapy in Patients with Atrioventricular Re-entrant Tachycardia
Authors: James L. Cockrell, Melvin M. Scheinman, Christina Titus, Ibrahim Helmy, Jonathan J. Langberg, Michael A. Lee, Jerry C. Griffin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of oral flecainide therapy in patients with symptomatic tachycardia and an extranodal accessory pathway. Design: Open-label, uncontrolled trial with a mean follow-up of 24 months. Setting: Referral-based, teaching medical center. Patients: Sixty-three patients with symptomatic tachycardia and an extranodal accessory pathway. Interventions: Patients had electrophysiologic testing before and after the initiation of oral flecainide therapy and were followed long-term for the presence of symptoms, new physical limitations, and adverse effects of therapy. Measurements and Main Results: Flecainide therapy prevented or slowed (324 ± 59 ms to 398 ± 55 ms; P < 0.001) inducible sustained atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in 44 of 63 patients (70%). Of the 44 patients discharged from the hospital, 33 (75%) have continued to receive flecainide therapy and have shown no adverse effects (mean follow-up, 24 ± 10 months). Adverse cardiac reactions (proarrhythmia or sinus node suppression) attributable to flecainide occurred in 11 of 63 patients (17%); in 9 (82%) of these 11 patients, events were detected during either in-hospital monitoring or the electrophysiologic study done before discharge. Structural heart disease was detected by two-dimensional echocardiography in 8 of 11 patients who had adverse cardiac events and in 6 of 52 patients who did not have such events (P < 0.001). Isoproterenol reversed the effects of flecainide therapy in 11 of 21 patients; 7 of the 11 patients had spontaneous clinical recurrences of tachycardia or palpitations during the follow-up period, but these symptoms occurred in only 1 of 10 patients who did not show isoproterenol-induced reversal (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Oral flecainide therapy was effective in 33 of 63 patients who had tachycardia and an extranodal accessory connection. Hospital monitoring during initial therapy is recommended, and flecainide should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with structural heart disease. An isoproterenol challenge appears to be helpful in predicting late recurrence of tachycardia.
Outcomes of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with and without preconditioning
Authors: Niraj C. Patel, Javier Chinen, Howard M. Rosenblatt, I. Celine Hanson, Robert A. Krance, Mary E. Paul, Stuart L. Abramson, Lenora M. Noroski, Carla M. Davis, Filiz O. Seeborg, Samuel B. Foster, Kathryn S. Leung, Betty S. Brown, Jerome Ritz, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Prostaglandin protection of human isolated gastric glands against indomethacin and ethanol injury. Evidence for direct cellular action of prostaglandin.
Authors: A Tarnawski, T Brzozowski, I J Sarfeh, W J Krause, T R Ulich, H Gergely, D Hollander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Isolated human gastric glands from surgical specimens were preincubated in an oxygenated medium with placebo or 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) and incubated at 37 degrees C in either medium alone, medium containing 4.43 mM indomethacin or medium containing 8% ethanol. We assessed the viability of gland cells with fast green exclusion, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium, and ultrastructural damage by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Both indomethacin and ethanol significantly reduced the viability of placebo-pretreated glands, increased LDH release into the medium, and produced prominent ultrastructural damage. DmPGE2 significantly reduced both indomethacin and ethanol-induced injury, increased the number of viable cells, reduced LDH release, and diminished the extent of ultrastructural damage. These studies indicate that PG protection of gastric mucosal cells has a direct cellular action that is not limited to replacement of depleted endogenous PGs. PG protection in our experiments did not depend on PG's previously described systemic actions, such as protection of the microvessels, preservation of the mucosal blood flow, or stimulation of bicarbonate and mucus secretion.
NHS needs more consultant surgeons to cope with demand
Authors: Claire Frauenfelder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

At least 50% more consultant surgeon jobs are needed in England and Wales by 2010 to provide safe emergency surgical services, says Bernie Ribeiro, the president of the Royal College of Surgeons. 

The UK government's target for a consultant based service, which was set in 2005, calls for an extra 2700 consultant jobs, but this is at odds with the current freeze on recruitment, explained Mr Ribeiro, presenting his end of year report. 

“Currently consultant jobs simply aren't there, so the UK is running the risk of losing expert surgeons to other countries after training them at great expense,” he said. 

Loss of experienced practitioners was a …
Reduced central tolerance in Omenn syndrome leads to immature self-reactive oligoclonal T cells
Authors: Raz Somech, Amos J. Simon, Atar Lev, Ilan Dalal, Zvi Spirer, Itamar Goldstein, Meital Nagar, Ninette Amariglio, Gideon Rechavi, Chaim M. Roifman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Increased incidence of orthopedic fractures in cirrhotic patients: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chia-Fen Tsai, Chia-Jen Liu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Chi-Jen Chu, Han-Chieh Lin, Fa-Yauh Lee, Tung-Ping Su, Ching-Liang Lu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Bowel perforation. A complication of peritoneal dialysis using a permanent peritoneal cannula
Authors: R. A. Krebs
Journal: JAMA (1966)

PERITONEAL dialysis is a useful therapeutic procedure especially in the average hospital which lacks adequate facilities for hemodialysis. Although intermittent peritoneal dialysis is being used more frequently, its therapeutic potentials and complications are still being evaluated. The use of a polyethylene cannula to provide extended access to the peritoneal cavity has become popular. The following case illustrates the problem of bowel perforation, a catastrophic event probably related to the prolonged use of this type of instrument. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 54-year-old night watchman first entered the hospital with symptoms of uremia. He was quite anemic (hematocrit value, 16%) and had a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value of 144 mg/100 ml. His creatinine clearance was found to be 8.8 ml/min and a urine culture grew nonlactose fermenters greater than 10,000/cu mm. Pyelographic studies revealed minimal calicectasis, slight dilatation of the right renal pelvis and ureter, and bilaterally small kidneys. The
Abstract LB-404: Genomic analysis reveals roles for chromatin modification and axon guidance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Andrew V. Biankin, John D. McPherson, Richard A. Gibbs, Sean M. Grimmond
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death with an overall 5-year survival rate of &amp;lt; 5%, a statistic that has not changed in almost 50 years. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology is expected to advance the urgent need to develop effective therapeutic and early detection strategies for this disease. Genomic characterisation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for over 90% of PC has to date relied on targeted PCR based exome sequencing of primary and metastatic lesions propagated as xenografts or cell lines. Here we use exome sequencing and copy number analysis to define genomic aberrations in a prospectively accrued clinical cohort (n = 142) of early (Stage I and II) PDAC. Detailed analysis of 99 informative tumours identified 1984 non-silent mutations and 1628 significant CNV events, and defined 439 significantly mutated genes based on stringent Significant Mutated Gene and GISTIC analysis. Integration with functional data from in vitro shRNA and in vivo Sleeping Beauty-mediated somatic mutagenesis screens provided supportive evidence for 182 of these as candidate driver mutations. Pathway based analysis recapitulated clustering of mutations in core signalling pathways in PDAC, and identified multiple new components in each, particularly in DNA damage repair mechanisms (ATM, TOP2A, RPA1, BRCC3). We also identified frequent and diverse somatic aberrations in genes involved in chromatin modification (SWI/SNF complex members, SETD2, EPC1), and novel mechanisms such as axon guidance (Semaphorin, Slit, Netrin and Ephrin signalling), extending the number of core perturbed pathways in PDAC. Aberrant expression of axon guidance genes co-segregated with poor patient survival, and in animal models was associated with disease development and progression, further implicating perturbation of the axon guidance pathway as a novel mechanism important in PDAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-404. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-404