tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Donepezil or memantine improved cognitive functioning in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease
Authors: David Burke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club19 June 2012Donepezil or memantine improved cognitive functioning in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer diseaseDavid Burke, BMed, MRCPsych, FRANZCPDavid Burke, BMed, MRCPsych, FRANZCPSt. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (D.B.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHoward R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:893-903. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22397651Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: Hospitalists: Geriatrics: Neurology: References1 Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD005593. [PMID: 16437532] Google Scholar2 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. NICE technology appraisal guidance 217, 2011. www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13419/53619/53619.pdf (accessed 25 Apr 2012). Google Scholar3 Hensel A, Angermeyer MC, Riedel-Heller SG. Measuring cognitive change in older adults: reliable change indices for the Mini-Mental State Examination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1298-303. [PMID: 17442763] Google Scholar4 Mendiondo MS, Ashford JW, Kryscio RJ, Schmitt FA. Modelling Mini Mental State Examination changes in Alzheimer's disease. Stat Med. 2000;19:1607-16. [PMID: 10844722] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Vincent's Health Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (D.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 June 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDeep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting the Nucleus Basalis of MeynertMemantine for dementiaImplications of Successful Symptomatic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease for Therapeutic Strategies of Alzheimer's DiseaseÉvolution de la prise en charge médicamenteuse de la maladie d'Alzheimer en EHPAD : impact de la campagne médiatique contre les médicaments spécifiques de la maladie d'AlzheimerEfficacy and adverse effects of memantine treatment for Alzheimer's disease from randomized controlled trialsAmyloid β, Glutamate, Excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease: Are We on the Right Track? 19 June 2012Volume 156, Issue 12Page: JC6-10KeywordsActivities of daily livingAlzheimer diseaseHospitalistsMedical conditionsNeurologyPsychiatry and mental healthResearch funding ePublished: 19 June 2012 Issue Published: 19 June 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: BARRY A. WARNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Asymptomatic Primary HyperparathyroidismBARRY A. WARNER, D.O., RICHARD J. SANTEN, M.D.BARRY A. WARNER, D.O.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD J. SANTEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-142 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It seems appropriate that, only a few short months after the Mayo Clinic's 10-year follow-up on patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (1) was reported, theAnnalsshould publish a paper exploring the medical management of that disease (2). The Mayo Clinic group (1) found that only 24.6% of patients who presented asymptomatically went on to develop surgical indications including serum calcium levels greater than 11.0 mg/dL, roentgenographic evidence of bone disease, decreased renal function, metabolically active or infected renal lithiasis, impracticality for prolonged observation, or gastrointestinal complications. This fact and the realization that fully 75% of patients...References1. SCHOLZPURNELL DD. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: 10-year prospective study. Mayo Clini Proc. 1981;56:473-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BILEZIKIAN J. The medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:198-202. LinkGoogle Scholar3. PATTENBILEZIKIANMALLETTEPRINCEENGELAURBACH BJLAWG: Neuromuscular disease in primary hyperparathyrodism. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:182-93. LinkGoogle Scholar4. BOXERELLMANGELLERWANG MLRC. Anemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:588-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GRAHAMHARDINGHOARETHOMASWISE JPLDP. Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism: an assessment of operative intervention. Br J Surg. 1980;67:115-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HARRISONDUARTEREITZ TBR. Primary hyperparathyroidism: four- to eight-year postoperative follow-up demonstrating persistent functional insignificance of microscopic parathyroid hyperplasia and decreased autonomy of parathyroid hormone release. Ann Surg. 1981;194:429-37. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center The Pennsylvania State University Hershey, PA 17033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAn Assessment of Universal versus Risk-Based Hepatitis C Virus Testing of Source Patients Postexposure to Blood and Body Fluids Among Healthcare WorkersManagement of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidismMild HyperparathyroidismL.E. MALLETTE, MD., PH.D. 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 142-143KeywordsBoneCalciumGastrointestinal infectionsHyperparathyroidismInfectious diseasesMetabolic disordersRenal diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effective second-line chemotherapy for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma consisting of etoposide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and prednisolone
Authors: B.-S. Kim, D.-W. Kim, S.-A. Im, C.W. Kim, T.-Y. Kim, S.-S. Yoon, D.S. Heo, Y.-J. Bang, S. Park, B.K. Kim, N.K. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Psychiatry and the Medical Curriculum
Authors: B. E. Juel-Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BDIAJOURNL 1001 jected subcutaneously one inch (2.5 cm.) above the symphysis pubis.One end of the catheter, with three or four side-holes cut in it, is threaded through the hub of the needle and partly down its lumen.The needle point is now thrust obliquely downwards through the anaesthetized part of the skin and into the distended bladder.Urine immediately starts to flow down the catheter, which is quickly threaded along the needle until an estimated four to six inches (10-15 cm.) lies inside the bladder.Taking care not to dis- lodge the catheter, the needle is now withdrawn from the bladder and abdominal wall.A piece of adhesive strapping will hold the catheter in position and its distal end is inserted into a drainage bottle.After 24-48 hours of drainage, oedema of the prostatic urethra will have settled and a further attempt at urethral catheterization can be made; or a prostatectomy, if now indicated, can be performed.-I am, etc.,
Abstract 2532: <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of the protein kinase D inhibitors, kb-NB142-70 and kb-NB184-43, in mice bearing human cancer xenografts
Authors: Guo Jianxia, Robert A. Parise, Jan H. Beumer, Dana M. Clausen, Merrill J. Egorin, John S. Lazo, Peter Wipf, Q. Jane Wang, Julie L. Eiseman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Protein kinase D (PKD) contributes to prostate and pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival. Therefore, PKD inhibitors are potential anticancer agents. kb-NB142-70 (NB142) and its methoxy-analogue, kb-NB184-43 (NB184), inhibit PKD in vitro. Methods: The in vitro inhibition of growth of Pc 3 prostate cells and Panc-1 pancreatic cells by NB142 and NB184 was evaluated by MTT assay. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of NB142 in SCID mice bearing Pc 3 human prostate cancer xenografts and of NB184 in SCID mice bearing Panc-1 cancer xenografts. NB142 or NB184 was administered i.v. at 25 mg/kg. Three mice per time point were euthanized at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 960 and 1440 min after dosing. Plasma, tissues and urine were collected, and concentrations of NB142 and NB184 were quantitated by HPLC-UV. Metabolites in plasma and urine were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Results: The IC50s of NB142 and NB184 were 21.0 µM and 24.3 µM, respectively, against Pc 3; and 33.7 µM and 27.4 µM, respectively, against Panc-1. After dosing NB142, the plasma NB142 Cmax (at 5 min) was 36.9 µM, and the NB142 Pc 3 tumor Cmax was 11.8 µM. NB142 was not detected in plasma, liver, kidney, spleen, or heart beyond 30 min. After dosing NB184, the plasma, liver, and kidney NB184 Cmax, (at 5 min) were 61.9 µM, 42.6 µM, and 94.8 µM, respectively. The NB184 Cmax in Panc-1 tumors (at 15 min) was 8.0 µM. Areas under the concentration vs time curves of NB142 and NB184 in plasma were 409 and 782 nmol·min/ml, respectively. The plasma half-lives of NB142 and NB184 were 6 and 14 min, respectively. The major metabolite of NB142 was a glucuronide. Between 0-6 h, urinary excretion of NB142 and metabolites accounted for 2.5 % and 7.6%, respectively, of the administered dose. NB184 underwent oxidation and glucuronidation, and more than 10 metabolites were observed. NB142 was not detected in plasma after administration of NB184. Between 0-16 h, urinary excretion of NB184 and metabolites accounted for 2.1 % and 5.3%, respectively, of the administered dose. Conclusions: Although the inclusion of a methoxy group in NB184 increased its plasma half-life approximately 3-fold compared to NB142, metabolic and urinary elimination of both compounds was relatively rapid. Peak tumor concentrations of NB142 and NB184 were of the same order of magnitude as the concentrations required in vitro for cytotoxicity. (Support: P30-CA47904 and P01-CA078039) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2532.
THE INCREASED ABSORPTION OF X-RAYS BY VITALLY STAINED WHITE RATS
Authors: Wesley M. Baldwin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The object of this investigation was to test out the sensitizing effect of various vital stains upon rat tissues in the presence of x-ray energy. For the purposes of the experiment, it had been found that a dosage of See PDF for Equation at 50 kilovolts induced death in white rats within 110 to 120 hours. This amount of energy was selected as a tentative standard for the experiments. The preliminary injection of small amounts of such stains as trypan blue in 0.5 per cent aqueous solution sensitized the rat tissues to such an extent that the period of viability of these rats after administration of the standard dosage of x-ray energy, was shortened to from 60 to 70 hours. The cause of death in the stained rats has not been ascertained despite careful histologic study. Considerable variation in the susceptibility of rats to the combined procedure was noted.
Lengthy Survival With Pacemaker
Authors: Peter Fisher, Franklin R. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have previously reported (<i>Northwest Med</i><b>61</b>:166, 1962) on successful continuous electrical pacing of the heart by electrode implantation into the myocardium of a 63-year-old woman who had complete heart block. The impulse was supplied by an externally carried pacer. The only majoi complications were associated with breakage of connecting wires, which always led to recurrence of poorly tolerated idioventricular rhythm. At all other times, for 33 months, the patient was ambulatory and comfortable. Occurring around the implant sites were areas of extensive fibrosis (proved by autopsy) which interfered with ability of electrical impulses to stimulate myocardial contraction. The electrode was replaced surgically, and pacing once again worked perfectly. Postoperatively the patient never regained consciousness. The exact cause of death was not apparent nor ever established. We wish to emphasize, in view of the paucity of reports on long-term survival, that our patient could have reasonably
Detection of Incompetent Perforating Veins by Venography at Operation
Authors: J. Townsend, H. Jones, J. E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1967)

All types of varicose veins can be treated successfully by a radical stripping operation in which the whole system of diseased veins and related perforating veins is removed (Myers, 1957;Arenander, 1960;Sherman, 1964).Simple procedures such as high ligation, with or without stripping of the main saphenous trunk, though widely practised, are much less successful, even in the early and uncomplicated case.Great saphenous incompetence is usually obvious, and can be con- vincingly demonstrated by the Brodie-Trendelenburg test.Femoro-saphenous refiux fills the superficial veins with blood at a low pressure only (Cockett, 1956).
Exercise and diet reduce risk of diabetes, US study shows
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Patients vulnerable to type 2 diabetes can more than halve their risk of developing the disease by eating a low fat diet and taking half an hour of exercise a day, says new US research from the National Institutes of Health.

The study found that for patients at risk of type 2 diabetes diet and exercise were more effective than the drug metformin at preventing the disease. The findings come from …
The Effect of Exercise on the Excretion of Water by Patients with Congestive Failure
Authors: LEROY E. DUNCAN, KATHERIN PONDER
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Some patients with congestive cardiac failure maintain hyponatremia by the excretion of only small amounts of hypertonic urine. In the present study it is shown that following exercise the experimentally overhydrated patient with congestive cardiac failure excretes a very small amount of urine which may be hypertonic. This is in accord with the hypothesis that events which increase the severity of failure increase the tendency to the development of hyponatremia.
Waiting times for cancer patients in England after general practitioners' referrals: retrospective national survey
Authors: P. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This paper was first posted on www.bmj.com on 13 March 2000 

Britain fares rather badly in international comparisons of cancer patients' survival rates. Relative survival rates in England and Wales1 are generally lower than in Europe, 2 which in turn are lower than rates in the United States.3 The differences between England and Wales and the rest of Western Europe in survival rates for colon cancer and female breast cancer arise primarily in the first six months after diagnosis, suggesting that these differences may relate to later presentation or delays in treatment for British patients.

Given this background, the government has pledged to “end waiting times for cancer surgery, thereby helping thousands of women waiting for breast cancer treatment.” The assumption is that reduced waiting …
How can child and maternal mortality be cut?
Authors: T. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> We aim to describe the anesthetic management of a patient with severe obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease scheduled for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy due to renal mass. <h3>Methods</h3> A 62-year-old man with severe obesity (BMI 52,4 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and obstructive pulmonary disease was scheduled for a laparoscopic nephrectomy. Because his pulmonary function was impaired, combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was selected. Epidural catheter was inserted at T6-T7 intervertebral space and spinal anesthesia was performed at T9-T10 intervertebral space with 3 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine (15 mg) plus 1 mg of midazolam. The patient received one bolus of 3 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine (15 mg) plus 25 mcg of fentanyl via the epidural catheter at 1 hour after entering the operating room, followed by a continuous epidural infusion of 0,5% levobupivacaine at 5 mL/hr. Propofol and Remifentanil were administered intravenously to achieve the desired level of sedation. <h3>Results</h3> A transperitoneal laparoscopic left kidney nephrectomy was performed without complications and the patient was transferred in an alert and comfortable condition to the ICU for close monitoring. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although laparoscopic nephrectomy is usually performed under general anesthesia, in a complex patient with severe obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we conclude that combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can be considered a safe and effective approach.
ON CROSS REACTIONS OF IMMUNE SERA TO AZOPROTEINS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, J. van der Scheer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Azoproteins have been prepared with azocomponents possessing two serologically active groups. On immunization with such antigens immune sera were obtained containing two separate, unrelated antibodies, each specific for one of the two groups and separable by absorption. In other cases one of the two structures was dominant, in that antibodies were formed only towards this and not towards the other grouping. The specificity of the antibodies was in general found to be influenced to some extent by the presence of a second group in the antigen. The relevancy of these observations for antibodies directed against natural antigens has been noted.
Abstract 772: Notch1 affects ABCC1-mediated drug efflux and drug sensitivity in MCF7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Meiling Lu, Neena Majumdar, Ruixuan Jiang, Sungpil Cho, William T. Beck
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Development of multidrug resistance is a major impediment to the successful treatment of cancer. Although many cellular mechanisms are involved in multidrug resistant cancers, overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters represents one of the main determinants of the multidrug resistance phenotype. We have previously demonstrated a positive correlation of expression of intracellular Notch1 (NIC) and the ABCC1 transporter; we found that NIC contributes to multidrug resistance by upregulation of ABCC1 (S Cho, M Lu et al, PNAS, in press, 2011). In order to determine whether there is a functional relationship between the two proteins, we performed drug efflux experiments. We treated drug-sensitive MCF-7 and multidrug resistant (MDR) MCF-7/VP breast cancer cells with the anticancer drug doxorubicin and measured the amount of drug efflux by flow cytometry over time. The MDR MCF-7/VP cells, which have high levels of activated Notch1 and ABCC1 proteins, exhibited increased doxorubicin efflux, compared to the drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells. Since γ-secretase (GS) is required for the processing of Notch into its active form, NIC, we blocked GS activity using a GS inhibitor, DAPT, in MCF-7/VP cells and assayed drug efflux from them. We found that inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT blocks ABCC1 mediated drug efflux. To better understand the connection between Notch, ABCC1, and drug efflux, we compared drug efflux in MCF-7 cells stably overexpressing NIC (ICN1-c4, which also overexpress ABCC1), and the “empty vector” control MCF-7 cells (pcDNA3). As expected, we saw increased drug efflux in the ICN1-c4 cells compared to MCF7/pcDNA3 cells. To establish whether the observed drug efflux is ABCC1-specific, we treated ICN1-c4 cells with either the ABCC1-specific inhibitors reversan or probenecid, or with an ABCC1 siRNA to knockdown ABCC1 expression, and then examined these cells for changes in drug efflux. We found that inhibition of ABCC1, by reducing ABCC1 activity or levels in the presence of activated Notch1, blocks drug efflux from ICN1-c4 cells. In addition, we also found that the ABCC1 inhibitor reversan sensitizes ICN1-c4 cells to doxorubicin, and knockdown of ABCC1 reverses the resistance of ICN1-c4 cells to doxorubicin. These results strongly support the idea that Notch1 exerts its effect on ABCC1-mediated drug efflux to a large extent through its induction of ABCC1. Overall, our results reveal a novel functional relationship between expression of Notch and ABCC1. (Supported in part by CA40570 [to WTB] and in part by UIC.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 772. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-772
Nutritional Surveys of Population Groups
Authors: Hugh M. Sinclair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IT IS SAID that people who live in glass houses should not throw stones. Having perforce spent much time in recent years carrying out nutritional surveys, I might be chary of criticizing them. But since I have now ceased to, be actively concerned in their conduct, I can safely attempt to assess their value and define their limitations. John Clarence Cutter was, we are told, "energetic and possessed of forcible character. He had the courage of his convictions, and his fearlessness counted much...." If in giving this lecture one hundred years after his birth I appear to speak more forthrightly . . .
Unusual cutaneous associations of a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus—erythema annulare centrifugum and white banding of the toe nails
Authors: J. D. EVERALL, P. M. DOWD, B. ARDALAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The case history of a patient who presented with erythema annulare centrifugum and white banding of the toe nails is recorded. On investigation for an underlying malignancy the patient was found to have an opacity in the lower lobe of the right lung. Subsequently lobectomy was performed and histology of the operative specimen revealed a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus.
Smuggling and cross border shopping of tobacco in Europe
Authors: L. Joossens, M. Raw
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Governments have recently become concerned about cross border shopping and smuggling because it can decrease tax revenue. The tobacco industry predicted that, with the removal of border controls in the European Union, price differences between neighbouring countries would lead to a diversion of tobacco trade, legally and illegally, to countries with cheaper cigarettes. According to them this diversion would be through increased cross border shopping for personal consumption or through increased smuggling of cheap cigarettes from countries with low tax to countries with high tax, where cigarettes are more expensive. These arguments have been used to urge governments not to increase tax on tobacco products. The evidence suggests, however, that cross border shopping is not yet a problem in Europe and that smuggling is not of cheap cigarettes to expensive countries. Instead, more expensive "international" brands are smuggled into northern Europe and sold illegally on the streets of the cheaper countries of southern Europe.