tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A functional factor X deficiency
Authors: Paul Sun, Jane Hata, John Bauer, Carolyn Haibach, Doug Campbell, Medhi Farhangi, Dan Smith
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract A functional factor X deficiency is described which caused pronounced reduction in the in vitro activation of the extrinsic system while marginally affecting the in vitro activation of the intrinsic pathway. All studies were normal with the exception of a prolonged PT, an elevated factor X antigen, and low factor X activity. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of two factor X species. The abnormal molecule was of higher molecular weight. Interestingly, there was no bleeding associated with this deficiency. The biochemical basis of this defect is currently under investigation. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creation of a Controlled Venoarterial Shunt
Authors: James P. Slater, Andre Yamada, Oswaldo J. Yano, Richard Stennet, Daniel J. Goldstein, Howard R. Levin, Henry M. Spotnitz, Mehmet C. Oz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Right-side circulatory failure (RSCF), a common complication of heart transplant and left ventricular assist device recipients, results in decreased cardiac output because of diminished flow across the pulmonary circuit. We hypothesized that creation of a controlled venoarterial shunt would result in decompression of the right ventricle and improved systemic cardiac output at tolerable oxygen saturations. Methods and Results A venoarterial shunt was created in a large-animal model (calf, n=6). RSCF was induced by banding the pulmonary artery. Hemodynamic measures and blood gas determinations were obtained during nonshunted and shunted states. Pulmonary artery banding increased mean right ventricular systolic pressure from 44.9±2.1 mm Hg (mean±SEM) to 85.9±6.9 mm Hg ( P &lt;.05, paired t test) and decreased mean aortic flow from 7.8±1.0 to 4.2±1.1 L/min ( P &lt;.05). Flow through a venoarterial shunt at approximately 40% of cardiac output resulted in a decrease in right ventricular end-systolic pressure from 85.9±6.9 to 72.1±5.6 mm Hg ( P &lt;.01, ANOVA), a decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 42.9±5.0 to 37.2±3.8 mm Hg ( P &lt;.01), and an increase in aortic flow from 4.2±.05 to 5.1 L/min ( P &lt;.01). Left ventricular stroke work decreased from 2.22±0.28 to 1.55±0.88 ( P &lt;.05). Carotid artery oxygen saturation did not change significantly (99.9±.02 to 97.6±1.7) during shunting. Conclusions A controlled venoarterial shunt improved hemodynamics and cardiac output in a large animal model with RSCF. This strategy may be useful in the management of transplant and left ventricular assist device recipients with perioperative RSCF.
The Canadian Military Campaign of 1775-1776: Medical Problems and Effects of Disease
Authors: Philip Cash
Journal: JAMA (1976)

During the opening year of the Revolution the newly formed Continental Army conducted two major campaigns. One, the Siege of Boston, basically a defensive operation, ended in a vital and exhilarating victory. The other, the offensive operation to secure Canada for the Whig cause, resulted in a disastrous and demoralizing defeat. In both instances medical factors strongly influenced the result. In this paper I explore the major medical aspects of the four phases of the Canadian campaign: Arnold's epic march through the Maine wilderness; Montgomery's offensive against St Johns, Chambly, and Montreal; their joint siege of Quebec; and the doleful retreat into upper New York state. I also suggest several pertinent comparisons with the medical practice and problems of the Continental Army besieging Boston.
Preservation of the spleen improves survival after radical surgery for gastric cancer.
Authors: J P Griffith, H M Sue-Ling, I Martin, M F Dixon, M J McMahon, A T Axon, D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1995)

One hundred and ninety five consecutive, potentially curative resections for adenocarcinoma of the stomach were performed in one surgical department between 1970 and 1989: 76 patients underwent gastrectomy with splenectomy and 119 gastrectomy without splenectomy. Operative mortality was 12% after gastrectomy with splenectomy, but only 2.5% after gastrectomy without splenectomy (p &lt; 0.05). Postoperative complications were also significantly more common when splenectomy was combined with gastrectomy (41% v 14%, p &lt; 0.01). Cumulative five year survival was 45% after gastrectomy with splenectomy, compared with 71% after gastrectomy alone (p &lt; 0.01). When the results of the two groups of patients were compared, stage for pathological stage, no evidence was found that splenectomy improved survival. Application of Cox9s proportional hazards model, which makes allowance for other variables such as the T and N stages, showed that splenectomy had an adverse influence on patients9 survival. Splenectomy does not benefit the patient and its routine use in the course of radical resections for carcinoma of the stomach should be abandoned.
THE IMPACT OF POTENT STATIN ON SIX-MONTH ANGIOGRAPHIC AND TWO-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS IN ASIAN POPULATION
Authors: Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Meera Kumari, Ji Young Park, Byoung Geol Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Medical Schools for the Modern World
Authors: Norman W. Hoover
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The Macy Foundation sponsored a conference in Bellagio, Italy, in October 1968, to consider the question of "how to start a medical school." The editor of the collected papers reviewed the history of the western model of medical education and the consequence of its colonial exportation. The several authors portray the insight which led to repudiation by developing countries of the traditional format of medical education. The book describes 14 new medical schools in Ghana, the Ivory Coast, the West Indies, Nigeria, Brazil, Turkey, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Columbia, Uganda, Rhodesia, and the United States. Each paper covers the origin, organization, and philosophy of a school, and answers the question, "How would you do it if you had it to do over again?" The authors say in common that medical students should be taught to focus upon the<i>health</i>of the community rather than the<i>illness</i>of individuals; that preventive medicine
High Frequency and Clinical Prognostic Value of MYD88 L265P Mutation in Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg-Type
Authors: Anne Pham-Ledard, Marie Beylot-Barry, Coralie Barbe, Marion Leduc, Tony Petrella, Béatrice Vergier, Fabian Martinez, David Cappellen, Jean-Philippe Merlio, Florent Grange
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

The activating mutation of MYD88 L265P is a frequent feature of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg-type (PCLBCL-LT), reported in up to 69% of the cases. Whether patients with MYD88 mutation display specific clinical and evolutive features has not been evaluated.To identify the clinical characteristics associated with MYD88 mutation, confirm its high prevalence, and evaluate its effect on prognosis in patients with PCLBCL-LT.A retrospective multicenter study was conducted using the medical records of patients from dermatology departments belonging to the French Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphomas. Sixty-one patients with a diagnosis of PCLBCL-LT made between 1988 and 2010 who were available for molecular study were included. Of these, 58 patients displaying interpretable results constituted the study group. Median follow-up was 33 months, and 39 patients (67%) were monitored until death.Clinical features (age, sex, number of skin lesions, tumor stage, and location as leg vs elsewhere), MYD88 mutation (allele-specific TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assay), treatment regimen, and outcome were recorded. Baseline characteristics and outcome were compared according to the status of MYD88.The median age of the patients was 79 years, and 59% were female. Skin lesions were located on the leg in 76% of the cases. Thirty-four of 58 patients (59%) harbored the MYD88 L265P mutation. Patients had similar clinical characteristics at presentation regardless of their MYD88 status, except that those harboring the MYD88 mutation were older (P = .006) and had more frequent involvement of the leg (P = .008). Patients harboring the MYD88 mutation had 3- and 5-year-specific survival rates of 65.7% and 60.2% vs 85.4% and 71.7% in patients with the wild-type allele. The MYD88 mutation was significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival in univariate (P = .03) and multivariate (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.03-8.78; P = .04) analysis. There was no significant difference between the groups in their treatment regimens. Considering overall survival, in univariate (P = .002) and multivariate (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.18-7.30; P = .02) analysis, MYD88 L265P mutation was an independent adverse prognostic factor.This study confirms the high prevalence of MYD88 L265P mutation in PCLBCL-LT and shows its association with shorter survival. The clinical effect of MYD88 mutation activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway supports the use of targeted therapies at the time of relapse after conventional therapies.
Endoscopic laser treatment of vascular anomalies of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: S G Bown, C P Swain, D W Storey, C Collins, K Matthewson, P R Salmon, C G Clark
Journal: Gut (1985)

Vascular anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract are an important source of both acute and chronic blood loss. They present difficult management problems as they are often multiple, involving more than one part of the gastrointestinal tract, and may give rise to bleeds of increasing frequency and severity over a period of many years. We present the results of endoscopic argon and Nd YAG laser treatment of 18 patients with documented recurrent, severe haemorrhage from vascular lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract with follow up of up to five years. Four patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, five with single angiodysplasias and three with multiple angiodysplasias have had their transfusion requirements reduced to minimal levels after one or more courses of laser treatment. Two of these have required no blood for over two years despite previous total requirements of 52 and 129 units of blood. Four patients were submitted to surgery (two in whom the laser failed to control haemorrhage and two who did not have immediate access to laser therapy at the time of severe bleed). Two of these, however, bled again soon afterwards. Two patients are still undergoing courses of laser therapy although have already shown reductions in transfusion requirements. Both lasers were effective. The Nd YAG laser appears to produce better long term results as its greater penetration makes it possible to ablate the main areas of vascular ectasia in the submucosa, although it does have a slightly higher risk of causing haemorrhage in the first few days after treatment.
Comparative Studies of Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Cancer and Nonmalignant Diseases
Authors: Richard B. Davis, Athanasios Theologides, B. J. Kennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Blood coagulation and platelet function was evaluated in 106 hospitalized patients with cancer and compared with 40 patients with nonmalignant diseases and 50 normal subjects. The mean value of the prothrombin time was prolonged in patients both with and without cancer. The activated partial thromboplastin time was accelerated in both groups of patients. The mean values of fibrinogen, cryofibrinogen, factor VIII, and factor V were similarly elevated in patients with and without cancer. Changes of optical density during adenosine diphosphate ( ADP )-induced platelet aggregation as well as aggregation of platelets in the Chandler system were comparable in both groups of patients. Elevation of platelet counts and positive tests for fibrinolytic split products were observed only in patients with cancer. Coagulation abnormalities were observed in many patients who had no clinical evidence of thromboembolism or disseminated intravascular coagulation. The simultaneous elevation of several clotting factors, together with evidence of abnormal platelet aggregation and the presence of fibrinolytic split products, may have value for predicting impending intravascular coagulation in patients with cancer.
Smoke from cigarette tip is more toxic than main inhaled smoke
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Unpublished research by the tobacco industry shows that inhaled “sidestream” cigarette smoke–the smoke that rises from the tip of the burning cigarette between puffs–is more toxic than the “mainstream” smoke inhaled by the smoker.

   ![][1] 

Lighting up: the smoke from someone else's cigarette may be more toxic than your own

Credit: PAT SULLIVAN/AP/EMPICS

It found that inhaled fresh sidestream smoke, which makes up around 85% of secondhand smoke, is four times more toxic per gram of total particulate matter than inhaled mainstream smoke.

A report in Tobacco Control (2005;14: 396-404) describing the research conducted by Philip …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Resolution of intracellular calcium metabolism in intact segments of rabbit aorta.
Authors: R D Phair, C M Hai
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

A new method, based on computer-assisted kinetic analysis of 45Ca efflux data, was used to measure calcium contents and fluxes for extracellular and intracellular compartments in intact segments of rabbit aorta. After a 1-hour loading period, efflux data were collected for 8 hours using a flow-through tissue chamber. These long-term effluxes were necessary because information on intracellular calcium metabolism was concentrated in the slow components of the efflux curves while earlier components appeared to be dominated by washout of extracellular calcium. Intracellular compartments were identified as those whose calcium contents were altered by 10 microM phenylephrine. This method complements previous approaches by providing simultaneous estimates of compartmental calcium contents and fluxes without requiring the assumption of isotopic equilibrium and without recourse to standard wash techniques for removal of extracellular calcium. In normal, calcium-containing, bicarbonate-buffered physiological salt solution these compartments contained a total of approximately 300 nmol Ca/g wet aorta. Of this total, 55 nmol/g were associated with the slowest resolvable compartment whose turnover time was 170 minutes and whose exchange flux was 0.32 nmol min-1g-1. Two other intracellular compartments had turnover times of 30 minutes. One of these was phenylephrine releasable and contained 145 nmol/g; it exchanged calcium at 4.9 nmol min-1g-1. In normal physiological salt solution the plasma membrane was, surprisingly, not rate limiting for Ca efflux; and in 10 microM phenylephrine the membrane Ca flux was even greater, increasing 3.5-fold compared to control.
Delayed perforation of large bowel due to unusual ingested foreign body.
Authors: D D Gaur
Journal: BMJ (1967)

tion of a relatively small dose on alternate days it would appear that the course of his disease has been reduced from one causing major to one causing minimal incapacity.How long it will be possible to continue replacement therapy in this way remains to be seen, but it may offer a useful means of tiding severe haemophiliacs over serious exacerbations of their disease.The risk of homologous serum jaundice would appear to be appreciable, but our patient had had so many previous administra- tions of plasma that it was thought likely that he had developed immunity.An additional risk of the production of antibody to antihaemophilic globulin or other globulins must be borne in mind.Those patients who possess trace amounts of antihaemo- philic globulin and who presumably do not suffer from a complete gene deletion would seem unlikely to develop antihaemophilic globulin antibodies, and so far no y-globulin anti- bodies have been detected in our patient.If prolonged treatment of haemophilia in this way is practicable, more adequate provi- sion of cryoprecipitate on a national scale will be required.
Cystic fibrosis research looks promising
Authors: Joan Arehart-Treichel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

What other cystic fibrosis research efforts are likely to bear fruit in the next several years? As the recent international cystic fibrosis congress in Brighton, England, indicated, promising work includes efforts to find prenatal and neonatal diagnostic tests, which are currently not clinically available; to use heart-lung transplants to successfully treat patients with severely diseased lungs; and to identify the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. The prenatal diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis would measure the activity of the enzyme α-phosphatase in amniotic fluid. Researchers reason that, if cystic fibrosis is a disease of epithelial cells, particularly of epithelial cells in the airways and sweat glands (please see accompanying story), epithelial cell membrane enzymes in fetuses affected with cystic fibrosis might differ in activity from those in healthy fetuses. If they do, such a difference in activity might be used to detect the affected fetuses. David Brock, PhD, director of the
VAGAL HEART RATE MODULATION RELATES INVERSELY TO MYOCARDIAL OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS BOTH WITH AND WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Petsy Pui-Sze So, Albert Swedani, Maria C. Ziadi, Peter E. Picton, Judith A. Leech, Robert A. deKemp, Jennifer M. Renaud, Ann Guo, Haissam Haddad, Lisa M. Mielniczuk, Olga Walter, Jean N. DaSilva, Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Ian G. Burwash, Linda Garrard, John S. Floras, Rob S.B. Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Malignant Change in Erythema ab igne
Authors: G. A. G. Peterkin
Journal: BMJ (1955)

15DIB 1599 however, of a granulomatous nature with numerous giant- cells-a picture that has been associated with "malignant granuloma" and "Wegener's granulomatosis."Godman and Churg (1954) are of the opinion that "Wegener's granulomatosis " and "granuloma gangraen- escens" (malignant granuloma) are closely related condi- tions.These authors were able to study one case of the latter disease of slow progressive course in which at necropsy recent arteritic lesions were found.They also note with interest that in the case of " Wegener's granulomatosis " of longest duration-48 months-only minimal vascular lesions were present post mortem.One of their patients is receiving maintenance doses of cortisone and antibiotics nearly three years since he presented with destructive sinusitis and pul- monary granulomata and nephritis. SmmaryThe case history of a woman of 41 years who pre- sented with granulomatous rhinitis and gingivitis and died in uraemia after a seven-weeks illness is reported.Necropsy and histological examinations revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and lesions of "periarteritis" in many organs, but absent from the lungs.The relationship between " periarteritis nodosa " and periarteritis with granulomatous lesions is briefly dis- cussed.The general occurrence of pulmonary lesions in the latter syndrome is noted.Attention is drawn to a recent survey of " Wegener's granulomatosis" and the possible relationship of this condition to " malignant granuloma."I am indebted to Dr.
A Tetraploid Twist on the Embryonic Stem Cell
Authors: Elizabeth G. Phimister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The production of human embryonic stem cells by somatic-cell nuclear transfer depends on a profound but obscure event that takes place when the nucleus of a “donor” somatic cell is injected into an enucleated ovum (see diagram). Somehow, the cytoplasm of the oocyte reprograms the chromosomes of the somatic cell's nucleus so that the newly formed cell becomes pluripotent. The cell develops into a blastocyst, from which embryonic stem cells can be derived that carry a set of chromosomes identical to that of the donor. The “tailored” embryonic stem cells thus derived have fueled hope for new treatments for degenerative . . .
Distinctive Features of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis Determine Their Functionality during <i>De novo</i> Tumor Development
Authors: Alexandra Eichten, William C. Hyun, Lisa M. Coussens
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Blood and lymphatic vasculature are essential components of all organs, responsible for maintaining organ fluid dynamics and tissue homeostasis. Although both vessel systems are composed of similar lineages of endothelial cells whose crude functions include fluid and cell transport, each system also possesses distinctive physiologic properties, enabling their distinctive functions in tissues. The role of hematogenous vasculature and development of angiogenic blood vessels during cancer development is well established; however, the role of lymphangiogenesis and structural/functional alterations occurring within lymphatic vessels during cancer development are incompletely understood. To assess premalignant versus malignant alterations in blood and lymphatic vasculature associated with squamous epithelial skin carcinogenesis, we assessed architectural and functional features of both vascular systems using a mouse model of de novo carcinoma development. We report that, as vasculature acquires angiogenic and/or lymphangiogenic properties, angiogenic blood vessels become leaky in premalignant tissue and at peripheries of carcinomas, where enlarged lymphatic capillaries efficiently drain increased tissue fluid, thereby maintaining tissue hemodynamics. In contrast, central regions of carcinomas exhibit elevated tissue fluid levels, compressed lymphatic lumina, and decreased vascular leakage, thus indicating impaired hemodynamics within solid tumors. Together, these data support the notion that therapeutic delivery of anticancer agents is best realized in premalignant tissues and/or at the peripheries of solid tumors where hemodynamic forces support drug delivery. Strategies to normalize intratumoral hemodynamics would therefore enhance therapeutic delivery to otherwise poorly accessible central regions of solid tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5211–20]
A NEW METHOD OF PREPARING DELBET SPLINTS
Authors: James E. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The Delbet splint for fractures of the ankle and lower part of the leg is very efficient, but has the disadvantage of being rather uncertain in setting, in the hands of many users. This is enough of a handicap to prevent its being used to any degree outside of hospital practice. In order to obviate this uncertainty we have altered the technic in the application of plaster to the splints and believe that the difficulty has been overcome. In a series of more than twenty cases, the plaster has set quickly, uniformly and very hard in all but one case; in this case it was evident from the first that the fault lay in not using enough plaster of Paris. In the French method, a plaster cream is made, and the crinolin forms are immersed in it just before being applied. The method we have now adopted conforms more to
Concerted effort needed to stop polio transmission in Asia by 2006
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The numbers of poliomyelitis cases in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan almost halved last year. But stopping transmission of the poliovirus in Asia by the end of 2005 will require intensified immunisation campaigns in all three countries, public health officials said last week. ![][1]</img> The three countries—containing Asia's last pockets of polio—reported 186 cases in 2004 compared with 336 in … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif