tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent Salivary Human Papillomavirus DNA as a Surveillance Biomarker
Authors: Julie E. Bauman, Robert L. Ferris
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Effect of an electronic cigarette on smoking cessation and reduction: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Riccardo Polosa, Pasquale Caponnetto, Jaymin Morjaria, Gabriella Papale, Davide Campagna, Cristina Russo, Massimo Caruso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Cigarette smoking is a tough addiction to break. Therefore, improved approaches to smoking cessation are necessary. The electronic cigarette may help smokers to remain abstinent during their quit attempt or to reduce cigarette consumption. To date there is no formal demonstration supporting the efficacy of these devices in smoking cessation and/or smoking reduction studies.

Aim and objectives: We designed a prospective proof of concept study to monitor possible modifications in the smoking habits of 40 regular smokers experimenting the most popular marketed e-Cigarette in Italy (Categoria) focusing on smoking reduction and smoking abstinence.

Methods: Study participants were invited to attend a total of 5 study visits: at baseline, week 4, week 8, week 12 and week 24. Product use, number of cigarettes smoked, and exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured at each visit. Smoking reduction and abstinence rates were calculated.

Results: A mean of 2.0 cartridges/day was used at week-24. Sustained 50% reduction in the number of cig/day at week-24 was shown in 13/40 (32.5%) participants; their median of 25 cigs/day decreased to 6 cigs/day (p<0.001). Sustained 80% reduction was shown in 5/40 (12.5%) participants; their median 30 cigs/day decreased to 3 cigs/day (p=0.043). Sustained smoking abstinence at week-24 was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) participants. Mouth (20,6%) and throat (32,4%) irritation, and dry cough (32,4%) were common, but diminished substantially by week-24. Participants' perception and acceptance of the product was good.

Conclusion: The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit.
Health promotion in general practice
Authors: J. Robson, K Boomla, A Livingstone
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Health promotion in general practiceRefine the approach-don't abandon the principle EDrrOR,-The problem with interpreting both the Family Heart Study Group's report of its one year trial' and the result of the less interventionist OXCHECK study2 is that both studies tripped at the second hurdle for any clinical trial: after randomisation they failed to "screen" their controls in exactly the same way as they screened the intervention group.The Family Heart Study
The minimum important difference of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in COPD
Authors: Melanie Curtis, Samantha Kon, Jane Canavan, Sarah Jones, Claire Nolan, Amy Clark, William Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. A cut-off of 8 offers the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying a mood disorder. The minimum important difference (MID) for domain scores has not been estimated in COPD.

Aim: To estimate the MID for anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) domains in COPD patients at risk of anxiety and depression (domain scores ≥8).

Methods: HADS,St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ),Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ),Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and global rating of change questionnaire (GRCQ) were measured pre and post pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients;HADS-A (n=337) and D (n=294) ≥8 at baseline. Distribution and anchor-based approaches were used to estimate the MID.

Results: Mean(95%CI) change in HADS-A was -2.3(-2.6,-1.9) and correlated with change in CRQ-F,CRQ-E,CRQ-M and CRQ-Total (r=-0.34,-0.49,-0.34,-0.45). Change in HADS-D was -2.4(-2.7,-2.0) and correlated with change in CRQ-F,CRQ-E,CRQ-M,CRQ-Total,SGRQ-I,SGRQ-Total and CCQ-Total (r=-0.37,-0.41,-0.37,-0.46,0.33,0.38,0.34). Estimates of the MID are in Table 1.

View this table:

Estimates of the MID of the HADS





Conclusion: The individual level MID is -2 (HADS-A) and -3 (HADS-D). Population–level MID estimates were –1.6 to –2.1 (HADS-A) and –1.8 to –2.1 (HADS-D).
Rac-specific nucleotide exchange factor Asef mediates lung endothelial barrier protection by hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Anna Birukova, Yufeng Tian, Fanyong Meng
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Increased levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) observed in the injured lungs have been associated with compensatory body response to reduce acute lung (ALI) injury. Asef is Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor which promotes decreased cell-cell adhesion and aberrant migratory phenotypes of neuronal, kidney epithelial and cancer cells. This study tested the role of Asef in the HGF-induced activation of endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal dynamics and vascular endothelial barrier protective response  in vitro  and in two-hit animal model of ALI. HGF induced membrane translocation of Asef and stimulated its Rac-specific nucleotide exchange activity. Expression of constitutively activated Asef mutant mimicked effects of HGF on enhancement of peripheral actin cytoskeleton. By contrast, siRNA-induced Asef knockdown or expression of dominant negative Asef attenuated HGF-induced Rac activation which was evaluated using Rac-GTP pulldown assay and FRET analysis with Rac biosensor. Asef knockdown attenuated HGF-induced peripheral accumulation of actin polymerization activator cortactin. Asef knockdown compromised HGF protection against thrombin-induced RhoA GTPase activation, Rho-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling and EC permeability. Intravenous HGF injection attenuated lung inflammation and vascular leak in the two-hit model of ALI caused by excessive mechanical ventilation and injection of thrombin signaling peptide TRAP6. This effect was lost in  Asef-/-  mice. This study shows for the first time the critical role of Asef in HGF-mediated protection against endothelial hyperpermeability and lung injury.   Funding:  HL089257, HL107920.
Electron Microscopy of the Lung
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Relation of urinary cotinine concentrations to cigarette smoking and to exposure to other people's smoke Dr Simon Thompson and his colleagues measured urinary cotinine in 184 self repor- ted non-smokers (May 1990;45:356-61).Taking 10-30% of average smokers' concen- trations to indicate occasional smoking and over 30% to indicate regular smoking, they found two (1-1%) occasional smokers and no regular smokers among their non-smokers.
The dinucleotide prodrug of decitabine demonstrated increased in vivo efficacy due to enhanced drug delivery and stability
Authors: Adrianne Clifford, Jared Bearss, Krzysztof Swierczek, Hariprasad Vankayalpati, Chongtie Shi, Roger Inloes, Rajashree Joshi, Sarath Kanekal, Steven Warner, Sanjeev Redkar, David Bearss
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

2613 

Gene transcription is a complex process in eukaryotic cells that involves multiple levels of regulation. One mechanism by which genes can be downregulated involves the methylation of the pyrimidine ring of cytosines in the 5' regulatory sequences of genes. Transcriptional repression and gene silencing by methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been observed in almost all types of cancers. Epigenetic therapy attempts to reverse promoter methylation and restore the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Therapies have been designed to re-express tumor suppressor genes through the inhibition of DNA methylation, including decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), a well-characterized hypomethylating agent approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Decitabine is a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation yet lacks optimal drug stability characteristics that limit drug exposure time to cancer cells in vivo . To address this issue, we set out to improve the stability and thereby, increase the in vivo efficacy of decitabine by incorporating 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine into a guanine dinucleotide to generate a second generation decitabine agent called S110. The dinucleotide S110 has previously been shown to have similar activity as an inhibitor of DNA methylation with increased stability and drug delivery. S110 was compared to decitabine in several in vitro assays where it showed comparable activity. For example, S110 showed potent activity in gene re-expression assays, specifically the re-expression of p16 and MLH-1 in human colon cancer cells lines. S110 also demonstrated methylation inhibition causing DNMT1 degradation, measured by western blot analysis. More importantly, S110 showed a longer half-life than decitabine in vivo when given as an IV bolus in rats. S110 has also shown anti-tumor activity in nude mice with A2780/CP70 human ovarian carcinoma cisplatin resistant xenografts. S110 restored sensitivity to cisplatin in this model and displayed reduced toxicity compared to decitabine.
Abstract 15456: Enhanced Vasoconstrictor Sensitivity to Exercise Pressor Reflex Engagement in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Zhaohui Gao, Matthew D Muller, Cheryl Blaha, Aimee Cauffman, Kristen Brandt, Amy B Reed, Lawrence I Sinoway, Urs A Leuenberger
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Exercise is associated with a rise in heart rate, blood pressure (BP) and blood flow to active skeletal muscle that is mediated by the exercise pressor reflex and modified by regional release of vasodilator factors. In peripheral artery disease (PAD) the exercise pressor reflex is enhanced and the ability to raise blood flow to the affected limb is impaired. To assess the functional impact of the enhanced exercise pressor reflex on regional blood flow in limbs affected by PAD, we determined beat-by-beat BP and mean blood velocity (MBV, Doppler) in the popliteal artery, and calculated vascular conductance index (VC, MBV/mean BP) in the exercising (ipsilateral) or contralateral resting leg during graded rhythmic plantar flexion exercise in 7 patients with symptomatic PAD (age 67±2 yrs, body-mass-index 27.9±1.1) and in 5 healthy age-matched controls (2 exercise trials with each leg). At peak exercise (2.0 kg, 1 contraction/sec), the pressor effect was greatest in PAD when exercise was performed with the “ischemic” leg (ankle-brachial index 0.58±0.05; mean ΔBP +9.1±2.0 mmHg), lower with the less affected leg (ankle brachial index 0.76±0.07; mean ΔBP +6.9±1.6 mmHg) and lowest in the controls (ankle brachial index 1.11±0.04; mean ΔBP +3.9±1.8 mmHg). In controls, VC increased in the exercising leg ( P &lt;0.05) but did not change in the inactive contralateral leg ( P =NS). Similarly, in PAD, VC increased in the exercising “ischemic” leg ( P &lt;0.05) but did not change in the inactive contralateral leg ( P =NS). In sharp contrast, while VC increased in the less affected exercising leg ( P &lt;0.05), in the contralateral resting “ischemic” leg VC decreased by 24±10% ( P &lt;0.05). Similarly, when static handgrip at 30% maximum voluntary contraction to fatigue served as the exercise stimulus, vasoconstriction was noted in the “ischemic” leg (n=5; P &lt;0.05). Thus, unlike in the exercising leg, in the resting “ischemic” leg activation of the exercise pressor reflex resulted in substantial vasoconstriction. This suggests that despite activation of peripheral vasodilator mechanisms downstream to the arterial obstruction, the vasculature of the “ischemic” leg is exquisitely sensitive to reflex vasoconstriction.
Metabolic and molecular responses to leucine‐enriched branched chain amino acid supplementation in the skeletal muscle of alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Cynthia Tsien, Gangarao Davuluri, Dharmvir Singh, Allawy Allawy, Gabriella A.M. Ten Have, Samjhana Thapaliya, John M. Schulze, David Barnes, Arthur J. McCullough, Marielle P.K.J. Engelen, Nicolaas E.P. Deutz, Srinivasan Dasarathy
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Skeletal muscle loss (sarcopenia) is a major clinical complication in alcoholic cirrhosis with no effective therapy. Skeletal muscle autophagic proteolysis and myostatin expression (inhibitor of protein synthesis) are increased in cirrhosis and believed to contribute to anabolic resistance. A prospective study was performed to determine the mechanisms of sarcopenia in alcoholic cirrhosis and potential reversal by leucine. In six well‐compensated, stable, alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and eight controls, serial vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and 7 hours after a single oral branched chain amino acid mixture enriched with leucine (BCAA/LEU). Primed‐constant infusion of l ‐[ring‐ 2 H 5 ]‐phenylalanine was used to quantify whole‐body protein breakdown and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Muscle expression of myostatin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) targets, autophagy markers, protein ubiquitination, and the intracellular amino acid deficiency sensor general control of nutrition 2 were quantified by immunoblots and the leucine exchanger (SLC7A5) and glutamine transporter (SLC38A2), by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Following oral administration, plasma BCAA concentrations showed a similar increase in patients with cirrhosis and controls. Skeletal muscle fractional synthesis rate was 9.63 ± 0.36%/hour in controls and 9.05 ± 0.68%/hour in patients with cirrhosis ( P = 0.54). Elevated whole‐body protein breakdown in patients with cirrhosis was reduced with BCAA/LEU ( P = 0.01). Fasting skeletal muscle molecular markers showed increased myostatin expression, impaired mTOR signaling, and increased autophagy in patients with cirrhosis compared to controls ( P &lt; 0.01). The BCAA/LEU supplement did not alter myostatin expression, but mTOR signaling, autophagy measures, and general control of nutrition 2 activation were consistently reversed in cirrhotic muscle ( P &lt; 0.01). Expression of SLC7A5 was higher in the basal state in patients with cirrhosis than controls ( P &lt; 0.05) but increased with BCAA/LEU only in controls ( P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions : Impaired mTOR1 signaling and increased autophagy in skeletal muscle of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is acutely reversed by BCAA/LEU. (H epatology 2015;61:2018‐2029)
4-1BB costimulation ameliorates T cell exhaustion induced by tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptors
Authors: Adrienne H Long, Waleed M Haso, Jack F Shern, Kelsey M Wanhainen, Meera Murgai, Maria Ingaramo, Jillian P Smith, Alec J Walker, M Eric Kohler, Vikas R Venkateshwara, Rosandra N Kaplan, George H Patterson, Terry J Fry, Rimas J Orentas, Crystal L Mackall
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Transfusion Of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates Using Allogeneic Cord Blood Derived RBC Units
Authors: Maria Bianchi, Patrizia Papacci, Serena Spartano, Alessandra Landini, Carmen Giannantonio, Maria Fioretti, Costantino Romagnoli, Gina Zini, Luciana Teofili
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract MP14: A Prospective Study of the Association Between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Ambika Satija, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju, Walter C Willett, JoAnn E Manson, Qi Sun, Frank B Hu
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Studies of dietary determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have found inverse associations with several plant-foods, and positive associations with some animal-foods, raising the question of whether plant-based diets are protective against T2D. However, as not all plant-foods are equally beneficial, the healthiest version of a plant-based diet needs to be identified. We assessed the hypothesis that plant-based diets are associated with lower T2D risk. We prospectively observed 74,248 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2012) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. We created a total plant-based diet index (PDI) and a healthy or ‘alternate’ plant-based diet index (aPDI) using dietary data collected every 4 years with a food frequency questionnaire. Individual foods were aggregated into healthy plant-food groups (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea/coffee), unhealthy plant-food groups (fruit juices, refined grains, potato/fries, mar...
Long-Term Effects of a Rapid Response Team on Hospital-Wide Code Rates and Mortality
Authors: Paul Chan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract 502 Paul S. Chan, Adnan Khalid, Lance Longmore, Mid-America Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO; Robert Berg, Univ of Arizona at Tucson, Tucson, AZ; Mary Ann Peberdy, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Charlottesville, VA; Mikhail Kosiborod, John A. Spertus, Mid-America Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO Paul Chan, 2008 Finalist and Presenting Author
Abstract 18953: The Serial Changes of Left Atrial Structure and Function After Catheter Ablation; 1 Year Follow up Study
Authors: Mi Na Kim, Su-A Kim, Jae-Min Shim, Seong-Mi Park, Sang Weon Park, Young-Hoon Kim, Wan-Joo Shim
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: There is a controversy about the improvement of LA function after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), partly because of the difference of LA function assessing modality between studies. Moreover, there is a concern regarding possible LA myocardial damage from ablation procedure itself Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changing patterns of LA volume and LA function using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) after ablation and compare the patterns in patients with and without restored sinus rhythm(SR) after RFCA. Methods: 60 consecutive patients with AF (F/M=27/33, mean age=55.2±9.5 years, paroxysmal=71%) who had taken RFCA were enrolled. Echocardiography with LA deformation images by STE was performed before, 3month, 6month and 1year after RFCA. Patients were divided into 2 groups (Group1; restore of SR, Group2; recurred AF during 1 year follow-up) for analysis. Results: Group1 was 45 patients (75%) and 15 patients (25%) were Group2. At baseline, LA s...
Becoming a Competent Ethics Consultant: Up to Code?
Authors: Kathryn L. Weise, Colleen M. Gallagher, James Andrew Hynds, Barbara Lynn Secker, Bruce David White
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Tarzian and colleagues (2015) offer important insights into the process of developing the new Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibilities, as well as reflections on implications for current an...
Abstract 13451: Prolonged PR Interval is Significantly Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Strokes in a Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Takashi Kobayashi, Makoto Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Shiro Kamakura, Kengo Kusano, Yoshihiro Miyamoto
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Recently a community-based cohort study reported that prolonged PR interval has been associated with increased risks of atrial fibrillation, pacemaker implantation, and all-cause mortality. However, prognostic importance of prolonged PR interval is still controversial.

Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that prolonged PR interval is associated with incidence of strokes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a Japanese urban population.

Methods: We followed up 5,425 participants (aged 30-83 years; 47% men) without prior CVDs, who attended a routine examination. Single 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings and biochemical examinations were taken in the baseline survey from 1989 to 1994. The ECG findings were independently evaluated by 2 trained medical doctors according to the MC (Minnesota code) criteria.

Prolonged PR interval was defined as PR≥ 220ms (Minnesota Code 6-3). Compared with participants without prolonged PR interval, cox regression analysis was carried out to estimate the hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD after adjusting for other risk factors.

Results: Prevalence of prolonged PR was 0.33% at baseline. During an average follow-up period of 13.1 years, 421 CVDs (254 in men, 167 in women) consisting of 180 coronary heart diseases (CHDs), 241 strokes, and 144 cerebral infarctions were observed. After adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, current smoking, current alcohol drinking, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, HRs of all CVDs, CHDs, strokes and cerebral infarctions were 2.98 (95% CIs, 1.22-7.31; p=0.02), 1.57 (95% CIs, 0.22-11.42; p=0.65), 3.90 (95% CIs, 1.42-10.72; p<0.01), and 3.96 (95% CIs, 1.23-12.79; p=0.02), respectively. Although there was no significant difference of average age between PR prolongation group and reference group (58.1±17.3 and 54.5±13.0; p=0.24) at baseline, the age of those with prolonged PR interval who developed cerebral infarction in this cohort study was over 70 years old at baseline.

Conclusions: This prospective cohort study is the first report that prolonged PR interval is significantly associated with increased risk of all CVDs and, especially strokes.
Other causes for increased risk of bleeding are possible
Authors: N Dorsch, J Van Gelder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--L E Wagenknecht and colleagues report an increased risk of major surgical bleeding associated with treatment with nimodipine in patients undergoing replacement of a cardiac valve.1 In other situations nimodipine has been used in thousands of patients without any suggestion of bleeding problems. The common indication for this drug is aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, in which it undoubtedly reduces delayed ischaemia and improves outcome. In a review of this …