tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in sub-Saharan Africa: time to act
Authors: Monique I Andersson, Ruma Rajbhandari, Michael C Kew, Sandro Vento, Wolfgang Preiser, Andy I M Hoepelman, Gerhard Theron, Mark Cotton, Jennifer Cohn, Dieter Glebe, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Mark Thursz, Marion Peters, Raymond Chung, Charles Wiysonge
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

What few people thought possible little more than a decade ago is now reality: scientific and operational advances are greatly reducing the number of deaths from HIV. The number of infant infections has decreased by 58% between 2001 and 2013 and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV might well be eliminated in the next few years.1 By contrast, the prevention and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection lags well behind, at least in sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract 10899: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Might Contribute to Mobilization of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells After Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Isao Taguchi, Teruo Inoue, Shichiro Abe, Migaku Kikuchi, Shigeru Toyoda Toyoda, Takuo Arikawa Arikawa, Masashi Sakuma, Koichi Node
Journal: Circulation (2011)

After vascular injury such as stent implantation, it has been suggested that the inflammatory response triggers mobilization of bone marrow-derived stem cells including both endothelial and smooth ...
Are adventitious lung sounds responsive to one session of respiratory physiotherapy
Authors: Ana Oliveira, Daniela Oliveira, Cátia Pinho, João Dinis, Joana Neves, Alda Marques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Physiotherapists often use adventitious lung sounds(ALS), i.e., wheeze(Wh) and crackle(Cr), to monitor respiratory techniques in acute obstructive(AO) and restrictive(AR) respiratory patients. ALS are responsive to bronchodilators however, evidence regarding its usefulness in respiratory physiotherapy(RP) is scarce.  This study aimed to assess the responsiveness of ALS to one session of RP applied in acute obstructive and restrictive respiratory patients.  RP included breathing retraining and airway clearance techniques. Sound recordings were acquired with a digital stethoscope pre/post intervention, following the CORSA short-term acquisition guidelines. Computerised analysis was used to characterise Wh(occupation rate and duration) and Cr parameters(number and two cycle duration-2CD) per breathing cycle(BC). Comparisons were explored with Paired-Samples t-Tests(PASW 18.0).  Thirty outpatients(14 males, 55.2±17.8y), diagnosed with AO(exacerbation of COPD, acute bronquitis & asthma;n=18) and AR diseases(pneumonia; n=12) were recruited. A significant decrease for Wh occupation rate(t=4.19, p=0.03) and duration(t=2.35, p=0.04) per BC, in the trachea, was found for AR patients. In all chest locations, the number of Cr per BC, presented a significant increase(t=-2.71, p=0.01) for AO and decrease(t=2.05, p=0.05) for AR patients. No significant differences were found for the 2CD.  Both Wh and Cr changed significantly in response to RP. Wh and Cr decrease in AR diseases may be indicative of more airways opened after treatment. Cr increase in AO diseases, suggest movement of secretions to more central airways, allowing more air to pass and leading airways to suddenly open. Further research is recommended.
At junctions, Gα tears and Gβγ repairs
Authors: Nicole LeBrasseur
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

A team of G protein subunits have opposing agendas during thrombin-induced increases in lung vessel permeability, show [Knezevic and colleagues][1]. Once separated, Gα and Gβγ subunits act to open and close, respectively, cell–cell adhesions. The findings implicate the Gβγ pathway in deadly
An Epidemiologic Study on the Association Between Diet and Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Hirohata, A M Nomura, J H Hankin, L N Kolonel, J Lee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A case-control study of breast cancer was conducted in Hawaii with Japanese and Caucasian women between ages 45 and 74. Each case was matched to one hospital and one neighborhood control. In all, 183 sets of Japanese and 161 sets of Caucasian subjects were interviewed. No statistically significant differences were found between cases and controls in their mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, animal protein, and cholesterol. Although there was a suggestion that cases consumed more saturated fat and oleic acid than neighborhood controls, the differences were not impressive. Consistent with other case-control studies, the present investigation did not provide strong support for the hypothesis that a high-fat diet is a risk factor for breast cancer. Further work is suggested to clarify the role of diet in determining breast cancer risk.
Chemotherapy of Delirium Tremens: A Survey of Physicians' Preferences
Authors: ARMANDO B. FAVAZZA, PATRICIA MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Because of the confusion in the literature concerning the chemotherapy of delirium tremens, the authors sent questionnaires to selected experienced physicians throughout the nation. Out of 101 useful responses, 86 physicians chose a benzodiazepine as a primary drug of choice. Of these, 64 favored chlordiazepoxide and 22 favored diazepam. The overall mortality of the patients they treated appeared to be quite low.
Renal function at hospital admission as a prognostic factor in adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Italian Registry of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
Authors: A Schieppati, P Ruggenenti, R P Cornejo, F Ferrario, G Gregorini, P Zucchelli, E Rossi, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The clinical records of adult patients with a diagnosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome were retrospectively reviewed with the aim of evaluating the long-term outcome of renal function. The setting is the Italian Registry of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome, with which 13 Nephrology Centers have participated. Clinical and laboratory data of 43 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome were evaluated. The mean age at onset was 34.3 +/- 18.3 yr. Men and women were equally affected. No seasonal trend in presentation was observed. In 20 patients, hemolytic uremic syndrome was primitive, whereas in 23, it was associated with another disease (cancer, preeclampsia, malignant hypertension, vasculitides). Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequently observed prodromes. Thirty (70%) patients required dialysis during the acute phase of the disease. Six patients died during the acute phase of the disease, and one died later after discharge (overall mortality, 16%). After 1 yr of follow-up, 11 (26%) patients had recovered a normal renal function, 14 (33%) had hypertension and/or renal insufficiency, and 11 (26%) were on regular dialysis. When prognostic factors of survival and recovery of renal function were considered, it was found that older age was associated with higher mortality in the acute phase, whereas severe renal involvement at the onset of the disease (as expressed by elevated serum creatinine) was associated with a long-term unfavorable prognosis.
Treatment of an atazanivir associated grade 4 hyperbilirubinaemia with efavirenz
Authors: O Kummer, E Mossdorf, M Battegay, L Elzi, M Bodmer, S Krahenbuhl, M Haschke
Journal: Gut (2007)

Studies from a variety of scientific fields point at the importance of biofilms in the gut. For example, Jeffrey Gordon and colleagues,1 evaluating data from immunologists, environmental engineers and glycobiologists, proposed that “symbionts inhabiting the polysaccharide-rich mucus gel layer overlying the gut epithelium constitute a biofilm-like community and that retention in such a matrix benefits the host by promoting functions served by the microbiota, including digestion of luminal contents and fortification of host defenses.” Evaluating our own immunological data, data from microbiologists and the medical literature, we independently came to the same conclusions.2

Direct observations of biofilms in the normal gut were lacking as recently as five years ago, probably because preservation of the epithelial glycocalyx, like the preservation of other glycocalyx structures, is technically challenging, as has long been known.3–5 In fact, we have found that manipulations as seemingly …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anaesthesia: formation of atelectasis and gas exchange impairment
Authors: L Gunnarsson, L Tokics, H Lundquist, B Brismar, A Strandberg, B Berg, G Hedenstierna
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

Gas exchange impairment and the development of atelectasis during enflurane anaesthesia were studied in 10 patients (mean age 70 yrs) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Awake, no patient displayed atelectasis as assessed by computed X-ray tomography. The ventilation/perfusion distribution (VA/Q), studied by the multiple inert gas elimination technique, displayed an increased dispersion of VA/Q ratios (the logarithmic standard deviation of the perfusion distribution, mean log Q SD 0.99; upper 95% confidence limit of normal subject: 0.60), and increased perfusion of regions with low VA/Q ratios (0.005 less than VA/Q less than 0.1: 5.4% of cardiac output). Shunt was negligible (mean 0.6%). Computed chest tomography showed significantly larger cross-sectional thoracic areas than previously seen in subjects with healthy lungs (p less than 0.01). No atelectasis was seen in any patient. During anaesthesia there was a further worsening of the VA/Q mismatch with significantly increased log Q SD (1.29, p less than 0.05) but no increase in shunt (mean 1%). Minor atelectatic areas were noted in three patients, the others displayed no atelectasis at all. Chest dimensions were reduced by no more than 3% during anaesthesia, suggesting an unchanged or only minimally affected functional residual capacity. These findings contrast with those seen in patients with healthy lungs in whom atelectasis and shunt regularly develop during anaesthesia.
Patient concern as a predictor of cutaneous malignancy
Authors: W.V. Stoecker, R.K. Rader, H.S. Rabinovitz, M. Oliviero, D.A. Calcara, J.M. Malters, R.J. Drugge, M.L. Bernard, L.A. Perry, A.A. Marghoob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Plain language summary available online
Improvement in exercise capacity in obese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Respective impact of ventilatory support during exercise and respiratory muscle training in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Isabelle Vivodtzev, Renaud Tamisier, Marilie Croteau, Jean-Christophe Rambert, Angélique Grangier, Sandy Gorain, Jean-Christian Borel, Bernard Wuyam, Patrick Lévy, Caroline Minville, Frédéric Sériès, François Maltais, Jean-Louis Pépin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : Obesity and OSA are interconnected conditions both leading to reduced exercise tolerance. Nocturnal continue positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment alone fails to alter physical activity. We investigated the respective effect of three modalities of exercise training programs on exercise tolerance in obese OSA.   Methods : 38 Obese CPAP-treated OSA (age= 53±3 years; BMI= 38±3 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to a 3-month exercise training program (Ergocycle -ERGO- vs. Ergocycle supported by non-invasive ventilation -ERGONIV- vs. Ergocyle + respiratory muscle training -ERGOSPIRO) after a 6-week control period. Exercise tolerance was assessed by 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and maximal incremental exercise test on cycloergometer.   Results : 6MWD increased after training as compared with control and baseline in patients grouped as a whole (585 ± 92 vs. 562 ± 91 and 538 ± 102 m, respectively, p = 0.0004). Peak oxygen consumption improved after training with higher improvement in ERGONIV (+0.3±0.7 L/min), as compared to ERGO (+0.1±0.6 L/min) and ERGOSPIRO (+0.2±0.9 L/min) respectively (p = 0.004). Maximal ventilation at end of incremental test significantly increased in ERGOSPIRO (+17±34 l/min) as compared with ERGO (-2±19 L/min) and ERGONIV (-2±26 L/min) (p = 0.01).   Conclusion : Exercise training improved functional and exercise capacity in obese OSA patients treated by CPAP. Improvement in maximal aerobic capacity was higher when ventilatory assistance or respiratory muscle training ergocycle was associated to ergocycle although walking distance was similarly improved between groups.
Immunity to Tumor Antigens: Potential Implications in Human Neuroblastoma12
Authors: I. Bernstein, I. Hellstrom, K. E. Hellström, P. W. Wright
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Immune reactions to tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens have been demonstrated in animals with neoplasms with in vitro and in vovo techniques. Some of the antigens detected in vitro induce transplantation resistance in vivo, while others do not. Human neuroblastoma cells cultivated in vitro have been shown to possess common antigens to which lymphocytes from neuroblastoma patients react. Whether it is possible to augment the immune reactivity of patients with neuroblastoma to these common antigens and, if so, whether this heightened immune reactivity would have clinically beneficial effects are as yet unknown. These reactions are complex, involving both cellular and humoral mechanisms. The fact that one type of immune response can be detected to one type of antigen present in a tumor in vitro does not necessarily mean that the immune response is effective in vivo. Responses to other tumor antigens may be deficient, or the immune response may be depressed. This may be due to active suppression of and/or selective deficiencies in critical cell populations required for an augmented immune response; this possibility may be evaluated with techniques allowing for in vitro sensitization to tumor antigens.
HOW ACCURATE IS THE DIAGNOSIS OF FUNCTIONAL INDIGESTION? A STUDY OF 354 CASES
Authors: Dwight L. Wilbur, John H. Mills
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 December 1938HOW ACCURATE IS THE DIAGNOSIS OF FUNCTIONAL INDIGESTION? A STUDY OF 354 CASESDWIGHT L. WILBUR, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN H. MILLS, M.D.DWIGHT L. WILBUR, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN H. MILLS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-6-821 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe diagnosis of functional or nervous indigestion is made so frequently at present that it seems wise to determine, if possible, the accuracy with which the diagnosis is made. Many clinicians find that the majority of patients with dyspepsia who come under their observation fail to present any evidence of significant organic disease, and they are therefore of the opinion in such cases that the indigestion is functional or nervous in origin. In other cases a diagnosis of functional dyspepsia may simply represent the physician's inability for various reasons to discover an underlying organic disease to account for the symptoms....References1. BLACKFORDDWYER JMMF: Gastric symptoms with particular reference to gall-bladder disease, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1924, lxxxiii, 412-416. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FOSTER NB: The examination of patients, 1923, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp. 117-143. Google Scholar3. MACYALLEN JWEV: A justification of the diagnosis of chronic nervous exhaustion, ANN. INT. MED., 1934, vii, 861-867. Google Scholar4. VANDERHOOF D: The causes of indigestion. A study of 1000 cases, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1915, xxvi, 151-153. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minnesota*Received for publication October 21, 1937.†Now residing in San Francisco, California.‡Now residing in Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLack of discriminant value of dyspepsia subgroups in patients referred for upper endoscopyTherapeutic Trial in Dyspepsia: Its Role in the Primary Care Setting 1 December 1938Volume 12, Issue 6Page: 821-829 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...
Relative longevity among retired military personnel: a historical-cohort study
Authors: Michael Hartal, Yitshak Kreiss, Nirit Yavnai
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Occupation is a significant factor affecting life, health and well-being. Long-term military service is a unique career path that may have an influence on life expectancy, even after excluding obvious risks such as battlefield mortality. However, it remains unclear what the effects of a military career are on the life trajectory of personnel after retiring from service. This study compared life expectancy among retired military personnel (RMP) to their sex and birth cohort-specific reference populations.For this historical cohort study, we collected data on the sex, year of birth, year of death, time in service, and rank at end of service for 4862 Israeli RMPs. Data on reference populations were provided by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics by birth decade from 1900 to 1989. We calculated the difference between each individual RMP's age at death and the "expected" age at death, based on sex and birth cohort-specific means in the reference populations.Overall, 67.9 % of RMPs lived longer than average relative to their sex-specific birth cohort. This difference in life expectancy was more pronounced among women than among men. There was a significant trend of increasing differences between RMP males and reference males over time (P < 0.002), whereas no significant trend was identified among females. Length of service and rank were not associated with relative longevity for RMPs.The mechanism of the protective effect of military service on life expectancy remains unknown, but our findings indicate that it affects men and women differently, with women being more likely to benefit from the potential protective effect of military service. The healthy worker effect is known to vary from one occupation to another, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to quantify the magnitude of the healthy worker effect among career military servicemen and women.
Annual changes in pulmonary function are independent prognostic factors for the patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia
Authors: Yasushi Horimasu, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Taku Nakashima, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Tadashi Senoo, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Kazunori Fujitaka, Yoshinori Haruta, Hiroshi Murai, Noboru Hattori, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (CHP) is characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and progressing fibrosis of the lung caused by persistent exposure to a variety of inhaled antigens. The prognosis of patients with CHP who show fibrosing change in their lung tissue have been reported to be as poor as that of the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Annual changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DL CO ) have been reported to predict the outcome of patients with IPF.   Aim : We conducted this study to clarify whether annual changes in FVC and/or DL CO  can predict the prognosis of the patients with CHP.   Methods : We retrospectively recruited 45 patients with CHP. Spirometry and DL CO  measurements were made by one specialized technician, and annual declines in both FVC and DL CO  were calculated as the slope of the regression line.   Results : Median overall survival time of 45 patients with CHP was 1891±203.5 days. The mean annual declines in FVC and DL CO  were 165.4±46.1 ml/year and 0.92±0.41 ml/year, respectively. The Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses revealed that more than 10% of annual decline in FVC and more than 15% of annual decline in DL CO  were significant predictors of poor overall survival ( P =0.001 and  P =0.001, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed that annual changes in both FVC and DL CO  are independent prognostic factor for the patients with CHP even after adjusted by other covariates.   Conclusion : In the present study, we demonstrated that the annual changes in pulmonary function could independently predict the prognosis of the patients with CHP.
THE PROPERTIES OF TETRYL.
Authors: LUCY CRIPPS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1917)

Journal Article THE PROPERTIES OF TETRYL: (As affecting the Human System.) Get access LUCY CRIPPS, M.B., B.Ch.Ed., D.P.H.Cantab. LUCY CRIPPS, M.B., B.Ch.Ed., D.P.H.Cantab. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 January 1917, Pages 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1917.tb09645.x Published: 01 January 1917
Prostaglandin-Induced Differentiation or Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Induced Differentiation: Reduction of the Neoplastic Potential of a Rat Mammary Tumor Stem-Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P S Rudland, A T Davies, M J Warburton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Differentiation of the rat mammary stem cell line Rama 25 to alveolar-like cells was monitored both by the increased production of domes (hemispherical blisters) in the cell monolayer and by immunoreactive casein in the tissue culture medium. In addition to the synthetic inducer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), prostaglandin (PG)E1 and to a lesser extent PGE2 and PGF2α (concentration range, 50-500 ng/ml) in the presence of the hormones prolactin (Pr), hydrocortisone (HC), insulin (I), and 17β-estradiol (E) also accelerated this step. A combination of PGE" HC, and I was active in promoting doming even in serum-free medium, whereas PGE1 all four hormones, and serum were required for maximum production of immunoreactive casein. The DNA synthetic rate was concomitantly reduced during this differentiation step. Rama 25 readily formed tumors in young, female nu/nu mice. When Rama 25 cells were treated with PGE1 or DMSO and the four hormones yielding the droplet and doming cultures, subsequent injection of these cultures into nu/nu mice led to a reduced incidence of tumors compared with injections of untreated cultures. Variant cell lines were selected from a subclone of elongated, myoepithelial-like Rama 29 cells that had been derived from Rama 25 and directly from Rama 25 itself. The former were elongated cells and termed “Rama 521,” and the latter were cuboidal epithelial cells and termed “Rama 259.” Both these variants were resistant to the actions of PGE, or DMSO and to the mammotropic hormones in accelerating the rate of formation of domes, producing immunoreactive casein, in substantially reducing the DNA synthetic rate, and in reducing the incidence of tumors when injected into nu/nu mice. We have therefore shown that conversion of Rama 25 stem cells to alveolar-like cells in culture is specifically accompanied by a reduction in their neoplastic potential in nu/nu mice.