tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Many Putative Endocrine Disruptors Inhibit Prostaglandin Synthesis
Authors: David M. Kristensen, Maria L. Skalkam, Karine Audouze, Laurianne Lesné, Christele Desdoits-Lethimonier, Hanne Frederiksen, Søren Brunak, Niels E. Skakkebæk, Bernard Jégou, Jacob B. Hansen, Steffen Junker, Henrik Leffers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundProstaglandins (PGs) play key roles in development and maintenance of homeostasis of the adult body. Despite these important roles, it remains unclear whether the PG pathway is a target for endocrine disruption. However, several known endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) share a high degree of structural similarity with mild analgesics.Objectives and MethodsUsing cell-based transfection and transduction experiments, mass spectrometry, and organotypic assays together with molecular modeling, we investigated whether inhibition of the PG pathway by known EDCs could be a novel point of endocrine disruption.ResultsWe found that many known EDCs inhibit the PG pathway in a mouse Sertoli cell line and in human primary mast cells. The EDCs also reduced PG synthesis in ex vivo rat testis, and this reduction was correlated with a reduced testosterone production. The inhibition of PG synthesis occurred without involvement of canonical PG receptors or the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs), which have previously been described as targets of EDCs. Instead, our results suggest that the compounds may bind directly into the active site of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby obstructing the conversion of arachidonic acid to PG precursors without interfering with the expression of the COX enzymes. A common feature of the PG inhibitory EDCs is the presence of aromatic groups that may stabilize binding in the hydrophobic active site of the COX enzymes.ConclusionOur findings suggest a hitherto unknown mode of action by EDCs through inhibition of the PG pathway and suggest new avenues to investigate effects of EDCs on reproductive and immunological disorders that have become increasingly common in recent decades.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Kaposi's Sarcoma, and B-Immunoblastic Sarcoma in a Homosexual Man
Authors: Ronald L. Burkes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The most common manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and/or Kaposi's sarcoma. High-grade B-cell lymphomas have also been reported in homosexual men at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We herein present the case of a homosexual man, who presented simultaneously with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma, and B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma. Severe compromise of both the B- and T-cell arms of the immune system was documented. The patient had evidence of exposure to the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus III, evidence of reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus infection, and cytomegalovirus inclusions within Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. We conclude that exposure to these viral agents in the setting of severe immunocompromise may have led to the observed "opportunistic" neoplasms.
Collagen from the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse model (oim) shows reduced resistance against tensile stress.
Authors: K Misof, W J Landis, K Klaushofer, P Fratzl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease attributable to any of a large number of possible mutations of type I collagen. The disease is clinically characterized in part by highly brittle bone, the cause of this feature being unknown. Recently a mouse model of OI, designated as osteogenesis imperfecta murine (oim), and having a well defined genetic mutation, has been studied and found to contain mineral crystals different in their alignment with respect to collagen and in their size. These observations are consistent with those reported in human OI and the unusual crystal alignment and size undoubtedly contribute to the reduced mechanical properties of OI bone. While the mineral has been investigated, no information is available on the tensile properties of oim collagen. In this study, the mechanical properties of tendon collagen under tension have been examined for homozygous (oim/oim), heterozygous (+/oim), and control (+/+) mice under native wet conditions. The ultimate stress and strain found for oim/oim collagen were only about half the values for control mice. Assuming that prestrained collagen molecules carry most of the tensile load in normal bone while the mineral confers rigidity and compression stability, the reported results suggest that the brittleness of OI bone in the mouse model may be related to a dramatic reduction of the ultimate tensile strain of the collagen.
Controlled Myocardial Injury Produced by a Hypothermal Method
Authors: C. BRUCE TAYLOR, C. B. DAVIS, GORDON F. VAWTER, GEORGE M. HASS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Following a review of experimental methods used for the production of necrosis or inactivation of the myocardium, a new method employing low temperatures is described. Lesions, with complete necrosis of muscle cells, can be controlled as to size and can be selectively placed to involve any of the four cardiac chambers and the interventricular septum. This facilitates attempts to study chronic myocardial insufficiency in terms of quantity and location of damaged muscle. Also, it has been possible to produce disturbances in conduction by production of small interventricular septal lesions. Refined electrocardiographic analysis of the magnitude and location of ventricular lesions has not been possible.
Prediction of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: performance of original and adapted SCORE algorithms
Authors: E E A Arts, C D Popa, A A Den Broeder, R Donders, A Sandoo, T Toms, S Rollefstad, E Ikdahl, A G Semb, G D Kitas, P L C M Van Riel, J Fransen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Objectives Predictive performance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators appears suboptimal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A disease-specific CVD risk algorithm may improve CVD risk prediction in RA. The objectives of this study are to adapt the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm with determinants of CVD risk in RA and to assess the accuracy of CVD risk prediction calculated with the adapted SCORE algorithm. Methods Data from the Nijmegen early RA inception cohort were used. The primary outcome was first CVD events. The SCORE algorithm was recalibrated by reweighing included traditional CVD risk factors and adapted by adding other potential predictors of CVD. Predictive performance of the recalibrated and adapted SCORE algorithms was assessed and the adapted SCORE was externally validated. Results Of the 1016 included patients with RA, 103 patients experienced a CVD event. Discriminatory ability was comparable across the original, recalibrated and adapted SCORE algorithms. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test results indicated that all three algorithms provided poor model fit (p&lt;0.05) for the Nijmegen and external validation cohort. The adapted SCORE algorithm mainly improves CVD risk estimation in non-event cases and does not show a clear advantage in reclassifying patients with RA who develop CVD (event cases) into more appropriate risk groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that adaptations of the SCORE algorithm do not provide sufficient improvement in risk prediction of future CVD in RA to serve as an appropriate alternative to the original SCORE. Risk assessment using the original SCORE algorithm may underestimate CVD risk in patients with RA.
To opt in or opt out of electronic patient records?: Poor training of locums in using hospital computer systems poses risk
Authors: Amir Ismail, Muhammad Ismail
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Norheim highlights the expansion of computerised health care.1 Having undertaken several locum doctor appointments while undertaking a higher degree, we have noticed some serious failings in training for locum doctors in using hospital computer systems. Frequently doctors share …
Transmission of Tuberculosis Among the Urban Homeless
Authors: P F Barnes, H el-Hajj, S Preston-Martin, M D Cave, B E Jones, M Otaya, J Pogoda, K D Eisenach
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine the relative frequencies of primary and reactivation tuberculosis in the urban homeless.Prospective evaluation of homeless tuberculosis patients.Central Los Angeles, Calif.Thirty-four homeless patients with culture-proven tuberculosis.IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. If results were inconclusive, pTBN12-based RFLP analysis was performed.Clustering of M tuberculosis isolates. A cluster consisted of two or more isolates with indistinguishable RFLP patterns.Twenty-four of 34 homeless patients had clustered isolates in six clusters.The minimum percentage of cases due to primary tuberculosis in the homeless was estimated to be 53%, compared with the traditional estimate of 10% in the general population. The results suggest that primary tuberculosis caused the majority of tuberculosis cases in this population of the urban homeless in central Los Angeles.
Association of distinct 2 adrenoceptor and serotonin transporter polymorphisms with constipation and somatic symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: H J Kim, M Camilleri, P J Carlson, F Cremonini, I Ferber, D Stephens, S McKinzie, A R Zinsmeister, R Urrutia
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: The role of genetics in the phenotypic manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclear. Our aims were: (1) to compare the prevalence of polymorphisms of alpha 2 (α2) adrenoceptors, norepinephrine transporter, and serotonin transporter protein (soluble carrier protein member 4 (SLC6A4)) promoter in patients with lower functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and in healthy controls; and (2) to test associations of these genetic variations with symptoms of IBS and high somatic symptom scores. Methods: Validated bowel and somatic symptom questionnaires characterised the phenotype: 90 with IBS constipation (IBS-C), 128 IBS diarrhoea, 38 IBS alternating bowel function, and 20 chronic abdominal pain. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations of different polymorphisms for α2 adrenoceptor and SLC6A4 with IBS or chronic abdominal pain phenotypes and high somatic score. Results: Two distinct polymorphisms independently appeared to be associated with the phenotype IBS-C: α2C Del 322–325 (odds ratio (OR) 2.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98, 6.28); p = 0.05) and α2A −1291 (C→G) (OR 1.66 (95% CI 0.94, 2.92); p = 0.08) relative to wild-type. Overall, the α2C Del 322–325 polymorphism (alone or combined with other polymorphisms) was also significantly associated with a high somatic symptom score (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.06, 4.64); p = 0.03). Combinations of polymorphisms were also associated with high somatic scores. Conclusion: Functionally distinct α2A and α2C adrenoceptor and serotonin transporter polymorphisms are associated with constipation and high somatic symptoms in patients with lower functional gastrointestinal disorders, although the strength of the genetic contribution to the phenotype is unclear.
534 MUSCLE GLUTAMINE SYNTHASE REGULATES THE SEVERITY OF HYPERAMMONEMIA, HEPATIC INFLAMMATION, BRAIN SWELLING AND SURVIVAL IN ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: M. Jover-Cobos, N.A. Davies, D. Adebayo, A. Habtesion, L.A. Baker, N. Shah, Y. Sharifi, R. Mookerjee, R. Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Scald Burns From Hot Tap Water
Authors: Murray L. Katcher
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Hot tap water is a common source of household burn injury. The charts of all patients hospitalized for tap water scalds in Dane County, Wisconsin, during a ten-year period were reviewed. Of 33 patients, 29 (88%) had readily identifiable risk factors: 17 (52%) were children younger than 5 years; three (9%) were older than 65 years; ten (30%) were physically or mentally disabled. One additional person was burned in a nonhome environment. Of the five deaths, three occurred in children younger than 30 months, and two occurred in patients older than 70 years. Almost all of these injuries could have been prevented by lowering the temperature of the household water heater to below 54.4 degrees C (130 degrees F) and preferably between 48.9 and 51.7 degrees C (120 to 125 degrees F). Physicians can play an important role in the prevention of this type of injury.
Evaluation of Clinical Results, Histological Architecture, and Collagen Expression Following Treatment of Mature Burn Scars With a Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser
Authors: David M. Ozog, Austin Liu, Marsha L. Chaffins, Adrian H. Ormsby, Edgar F. Fincher, Lisa K. Chipps, Qing-Sheng Mi, Peter H. Grossman, John C. Pui, Ronald L. Moy
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2012)

Objective: To assess mature burn scars treated with a fractional carbon dioxide laser for changes in histological architecture, type I to III collagen ratios, density of elastic tissue, and subjective measures of clinical improvements.Design: Uncontrolled, prospective study of patients with mature burn scars, from a clinical and histological perspective.Biopsy specimens were obtained before and 2 months after 3 treatment sessions.The tissue was prepared with Verhoff von Giesen (VVG) stain to discern elastic tissue and Herovici stain to differentiate types I and III collagen.Setting: Subjects were recruited from the Grossman Burn Centers.Participants: Of 18 patients with mature burn scars, 10 completed the entire treatment protocol.Intervention: Participants received 3 treatments with a fractional carbon dioxide laser.Main Outcome Measures: Vancouver Scar Scale and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale survey scores.In histological analysis, imaging software was used to measure changes in collagen subtype and elastic tissue.A rating scale was developed to assess normal vs scar architecture. Results:The first hypothesis that significant histological improvement would occur and the second hypothesis of a statistically significant increase in type III collagen expression or a decrease in type I collagen expression were confirmed.There were no significant changes in elastic tissue.Statistically significant improvements were seen in all survey data.Conclusions: Treatment with a fractional carbon dioxide laser improved the appearance of mature burn scars and resulted in a significant improvement in collagen architecture following treatment.Furthermore, in treated skin specimens, a collagen subtype (types I and III collagen) profile resembling that of nonwounded skin was found.
Letter: Older smokers.
Authors: F E Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1976)

brain damage and continued excessive drink- ing represents a particularly serious threat to the lives of other road users, and if we are to take this threat seriously the assessment of convicted drunken drivers with the Hal- stead-Reitan test battery and the EMI-Scanner deserves our careful consideration not only as a possible index of current disability but also as a possible prognostic guide.I hope shortly to produce a six-year followup of our series of 33 alcoholics which may tell us whether the likelihood of relapse is related to objective indices of the extent of brain damage.
Assessment of Adrenocortical Function in Cases of Pituitary Tumour
Authors: H. J. Crow
Journal: BMJ (1955)

present and past; by setting clinical problems in community perspective, describing their behaviour as group, not individual, phenomena, indicating their dimensions and distributions, and how much, and where, action is needed; by revealing problems and indicating where among the population these might best be studied.Finally, epidemiology by identifying harmful ways of living, and by pointing the road to healthier ways, helps to abolish the clinical picture.This is its chief function and the one in greatest need of development to-day.I am grateful to my colleagues outside and in the Unit for much help; and in particular wish to thank Mr. C.
Series Introduction: Multiligand receptors and human disease
Authors: Monty Krieger, David M. Stern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

By virtue of their specific interactions with extracellular ligands, cell surface receptors can transduce signals, carry out endocytosis and other forms of transport, and mediate the adhesion of cells to their substrata or to other cells. While it has generally been assumed that physiologic activities and appropriate responses to pathophysiologic states require that only one ligand be recognized by its cognate receptor, this “one ligand–one receptor” notion is now in need of extensive revision. This Perspective series focuses on several striking examples of multiligand receptors, molecules that interact specifically with classes of structurally related ligands or even with several structurally and functionally dissimilar ligands.

Such broad specificity raises intriguing problems for biological regulation that do not arise with classical, monospecific receptors. From the vantage point of the economy of host gene expression, it is expeditious to have a single protein subserve multiple roles, and for this reason, some authors have speculated that these proteins arose early in molecular evolution. However, the various functions are probably subject to precise regulation to avoid the possibility that a range of stimuli all activate a single cellular response, which might have disastrous consequences for the cell’s ability to adapt to environmental challenges. How can one make sense of these types of receptor-ligand interactions? What basic principles have emerged from their study?
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Duodenogastric Reflux Problems, Pitfalls, and Technical Review
Authors: WALTER E. DRANE, KASTYTIS KARVELIS, DAVID A. JOHNSON, EUGENE D. SILVERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Bile reflux has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric ulcer, and esophagitis. Radionuclide techniques provide the only non-invasive method to detect duodenogastric reflux. To analyze the problems that occur with attempts at quantitation, 55 patients were prospectively evaluated (45 patients with reflux esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus and ten patients with clinical symptoms of bile reflux, four of whom had Bilroth II surgery) with Tc-99m DISIDA, using a fasting technique with gallbladder stimulation by sincalide. Visual duodenogastric reflux occurred in 16 of 55 patients. Overlap of small bowel with the stomach is the major problem for accurate quantitation and occurred in 20 of 55 patients (36%). Overlap of left lobe of the liver occurred in 40 of 55 patients (73%), but its contribution to gastric activity was slight and could be easily subtracted. Reflux was intermittent in six of the 16 positive studies (38%), and continuous computer acquisition is needed to detect its maximum value. Primarily because of the problem of small bowel overlap, scintigraphic evaluation of duodenogastric reflux is only, at best, semi-quantitative. A review of the technical variables used in this examination, as well as potential problems that can occur, is provided.
Simplified Method for Determining Acetylator Phenotype
Authors: H. Schroder
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A chemical method has been developed for estimating the acetylator phenotype without the use of special equipment. One urine specimen taken after ingestion of sulphadimidine, sulphapyridine, or sulphasalazine is required. The acetylator phenotype was assessed correctly in 150 urine specimens from 100 healthy subjects. Between 15 and 25 specimens can be determined hourly. Urine specimens for the test can be stored for two weeks at 37°C without any loss of drugs or their metabolites.
Lymphocytic lymphoma and acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Authors: S.G.N. RICHARDSON, C.W.F. CLARKE, G.B. GASSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Lymphocytic lymphoma and acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency Get access S.G.N. RICHARDSON, S.G.N. RICHARDSON Departments of Medicine and Haematology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, U.K. Dr S.G.N.Richardson, Haematology Department, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands DY1 2LR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.W.F. CLARKE, C.W.F. CLARKE Departments of Medicine and Haematology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.B. GASSON G.B. GASSON Departments of Medicine and Haematology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 1, 1 January 1989, Pages 121–124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07774.x Published: 01 January 1989
Efficacy of Cilostazol After Endovascular Therapy for Femoropopliteal Artery Disease in Patients With Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Yoshimitsu Soga, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Hitoshi Nakashima, Masanori Tsurugida, Yutaka Hikichi, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Comment on: Suissa and Azoulay. Metformin and the Risk of Cancer: Time-Related Biases in Observational Studies. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2665–2673
Authors: Xilin Yang, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In a recent article in Diabetes Care , Suissa and Azoulay (1) concluded that the impressive results of the metformin-associated reduced cancer risk were due to many researchers failing to adjust for immortal time bias and not using time-dependent analysis of drug exposure. However, this conclusion is not justified since it remains controversial whether immortal time would introduce substantial bias.

We used statins and their effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) to illustrate how different analyses could yield different results in pharmacoepidemiological studies. In a time-fixed Cox model, statin use was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.66 (95% CI 0.50–0.88) for CVD, an effect size similar to that in randomized trials despite 48% of the total follow-up time in the statin users being immortal time (i.e., without drug exposure). Herein, immortal time …
Renal Transitional Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed by FDG-PET in a Uremic Kidney
Authors: Jyh-Gang Leu, Yen-Kung Chen, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 44-year-old uremic woman presented with a 2-week history of painless hematuria. This oliguric patient has been under regular hemodialysis for 2 years as a result of Chinese herb nephropathy. Atypical cells were found in urine cytologic examinations. Ultrasound findings only suggested both kidneys were not visible. PET/CT scan revealed bilateral contracted kidneys and a focal increased uptake of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in the upper portion of the left kidney. No obvious accumulation of FDG was found in other portions of the urinary tract. Coregistration CT scan also revealed a soft tissue lesion in the upper pole of the left kidney. Ten days after the PET/CT scan, MRI images revealed that both kidneys were severely contracted with loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation. An ill-defined heterogeneously enhancing mass in the upper pole of the left kidney corresponded to the PET findings. The patient received a left nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision. A protruding renal pelvic tumor, 1 cm in diameter, was found. Microscopic pathologic examination showed a WHO grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma. No malignancy was noted in the left ureter or urinary bladder cuff.