tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel Pathophysiologic Phenomenon in Cachexic Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: NORIAKI TAKABATAKE, HIDENORI NAKAMURA, OSAMU MINAMIHABA, MINORU INAGE, SUMITO INOUE, SHIGERU KAGAYA, MICHIYASU YAMAKI, HITONOBU TOMOIKE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Cachexic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), neuroendocrine function, and energy expenditure. Leptin has been implicated in the regulation of ANS, neuroendocine function, and thermogenesis in humans. We assessed the physiologic significance of the circadian rhythm of circulating leptin using power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in nine cachexic male patients with COPD, eight noncachexic patients with COPD, and seven healthy control subjects. A diurnal pattern of 24-h leptin levels was present in both the control subjects (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; F = 7.80, p < 0.0001) and noncachexic COPD patients (F = 9.29, p < 0.0001), but was strikingly absent in the cachexic COPD patients (F = 2.09, p = NS). Analysis of HRV demonstrated that the diurnal rhythm of 24-h very low frequency (VLF; 0.003 to 0.04 Hz) showed significantly identical fluctuations with those of 24-h leptin levels, in all of the three groups (r = 0.388, p < 0.0001). Because VLF has been considered to reflect neuroendocrine and thermoregulatory influences, these data may suggest that the loss of circadian rhythm of circulating leptin has clinical importance in the pathophysiologic features in cachexic patients with COPD.
Preliminary validation of a novel high-resolution melt-based typing method based on the multilocus sequence typing scheme of Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: L.J. Richardson, S.Y.C. Tong, R.J. Towers, F. Huygens, K. McGregor, P.K. Fagan, B.J. Currie, J.R. Carapetis, P.M. Giffard
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Hybrid Cells Derived From Fusion of TA3-Ha Ascites Carcinoma With Normal Fibroblasts. II. Characterization of Isoantigenic Variant Sublines2
Authors: Sten Friberg, George Klein, Francis Wiener, Henry Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Isoantigenic variants were selected from clonal populations of hybrid cells produced by fusion of TA3-Ha carcinoma cells with diploid embryonic A.CA fibroblasts. The variants were selected by passage through the parental strain mice. Transplantable lines compatible with the A-strain parent were readily produced, but no lines specifically compatible with the A.CA parent were obtained. All the Acompatible variants had lost the H-2f isoantigens characteristic of the A.CA parent cells, but they expressed fully the H-2a complex derived from the TA3-Ha parent cells. In this respect they resembled the TA3-St line, and not the TA3-Ha line in which these antigens are expressed poorly. Scanning electron microscopy showed, that unlike the smooth-surfaced parental TA-Ha line, almost all hybrid variants had rough surface membranes similar to those of the TA3-St cells. Several variants were sensitive to humoral cytotoxicity in vitro and thus differed from the immunoresistant TA3-Ha parent. However, some variants, despite full expression of the H-2a isoantigen complex, were resistant in vitro to complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies directed against this complex. All variants were rejected in allogeneic hosts, like the TA3-St line but in contrastto the nonstrain-specific TA3-Ha line. Although the hybrid variants resembled the TA3St line in many respects, they all resembled the TA3-Ha line in not being agglutinable by concanavalin A.
MicroRNA-374b Suppresses Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma by Repressing AKT1 and Wnt-16
Authors: Dong Qian, Kailin Chen, Haixia Deng, Huilan Rao, Huiqiang Huang, Yiji Liao, Xiaofei Sun, Suying Lu, Zhiyong Yuan, Dan Xie, Qingqing Cai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) has been extensively investigated in both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL); however, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of miR-374b in the development and treatment of T-LBL. Experimental Design: MiRCURY LNA array was used to generate a miRNA-expressing profile. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to detect the expression of miR-374b, AKT1, and Wnt16 in T-LBL samples. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm target associations of miR-374b. The tumor-suppressive effect of miR-374b was determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: The expression of 380 miRNAs was evaluated in five human T-LBL tissues and five infantile thymus samples by microRNA microarrays. Downregulation of miR-374b was frequently detected in primary T-LBL tissues, which was significantly associated with worse overall survival and increased risk of recurrence of the 58 patients enrolled in this study. miR-374b suppressed T-LBL cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and sensitized cells to serum starvation- and chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we characterized two AKT pathway–associated molecules, AKT1 and Wnt16, as direct targets of miR-374b. Consistently, in T-LBL patient tissues, AKT1 and Wnt16 expression was inversely correlated with miR-374b levels, and was an independent predictor of recurrence and survival. Conclusions: Our data highlight the molecular etiology and clinical significance of miR-374b in T-LBL. Targeting miR-374b may represent a new therapeutic strategy to improve therapy and survival for T-LBL patients. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4881–91. ©2015 AACR.
Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the serum and lung tissues in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Yifeng Luo, Jie Zhang, Huifang Liao, Zhi Li, Canmao Xie, Yubiao Guo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective:  To study the expression of MIF in the serum and lung tissues of patients with NSCLC.   Methods:  Eighty-eight patients of the 1st affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university with diagnosis confirmed by pathology were recruited from 2011.10 to 2012.3, including 66 patients with NSCLC (group A) and 22 patients with benign lung lesions (group B). ELISA was done to compare serum MIF level in these two groups and in 30 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was done to compare the expression of MIF between group A and B. The correlationship between serum MIF level and high expression rate in lung tissues was analyzed.   Results:  The serum MIF level in group A was significantly higher than healthy control(14.79  Vs  10.69ng/mL,  P =0.001), but not significantly higher than group B (14.79  Vs  13.68 ng/mL,  P =0.580). Among group A, the serum MIF level in patients with advanced stage (stage III and IV) was significantly higher than those with early stage (stage I and II)(17.53  Vs  10.45ng/mL,  P =0.004). The MIF high expression rate in the lung tissues of group A was markedly higher than group B (30.3%  Vs  4.5%,  P =0.014). Among group A, there was significantly higher MIF expression rate in patients with advanced stage compared with those with early stage (42.1%  Vs  14.3%,  P =0.015). The serum MIF level had a positive correlation with MIF expression rate in the lung tissues in patients of group A ( P    Conclusions:  The serum MIF level had a positive correlation with MIF expression rate in lung cancer tissues. Both of them were helpful for evaluation of the NSCLC clinical stage and histological grade. MIF is a good histological biomarker of NSCLC.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, tissue and tumour distribution of the neuropeptide growth factor antagonist [Arg6, D-Trp7,9, NmePhe8]-substance P (6—11) in nude mice bearing the H69 small-cell lung cancer xenograft
Authors: J. Cummings, A.J. MacLellan, D.A. Jones, S.P. Langdon, E. Rozengurt, A.A. Ritchie, J.F. Smyth
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
Feasibility and effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in an urban endemic setting in Bangladesh: a cluster randomised open-label trial
Authors: Firdausi Qadri, Mohammad Ali, Fahima Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam Khan, Amit Saha, Iqbal Ansary Khan, Yasmin A Begum, Taufiqur R Bhuiyan, Mohiul Islam Chowdhury, Md Jasim Uddin, Jahangir A M Khan, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury, Anisur Rahman, Shah Alam Siddique, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Afroza Akter, Arifuzzaman Khan, Young Ae You, Ashraf Uddin Siddik, Nirod Chandra Saha, Alamgir Kabir, Baizid Khoorshid Riaz, Shwapon Kumar Biswas, Farzana Begum, Leanne Unicomb, Stephen P Luby, Alejandro Cravioto, John D Clemens
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia
Authors: P E Barta, G D Pearlson, R E Powers, S S Richards, L E Tune
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Recent neuropathologic investigations in schizophrenia report smaller volume of medial temporal lobe structures. These findings are confirmed by preliminary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Direct stimulation of lateral temporal lobe structures in the region of the superior temporal gyrus provokes hallucinations. The authors' MRI study of young schizophrenic patients demonstrates smaller volume of the superior temporal gyrus (an auditory association area) and of the left amygdala. Smaller size of the left superior temporal gyrus and left amygdala is not accounted for by smaller size of the overall brain or temporal lobe. Shrinkage of the left superior temporal gyrus is strongly and selectively correlated with severity of auditory hallucinations.
Clinical impact of chemotherapy dose escalation in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
Authors: D M Savarese, C Hsieh, F M Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To review published controlled clinical trials examining the benefit of escalated chemotherapy in patients with hematologic and solid malignancies. METHODS Studies were obtained by searching Medline and CancerLit and by review of bibliographies of published trials. We reviewed studies that examined dose-intense (DI) chemotherapy alone, in combination with hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), or high-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous bone marrow support (ABMT). RESULTS DI therapy without CSF or ABMT has not been shown to improve overall outcome in any tumor except consolidative therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In solid tumors, many published studies suggest that less than standard-intensity chemotherapy is suboptimal, but few studies that examined higher compared with standard-dose therapy have shown a significant difference in outcome. No studies have convincingly demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) with DI therapy with CSF support. The use of HDT with ABMT has been shown to improve survival in multiple myeloma (MM), as well as relapsed intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). High-dose chemotherapy with ABMT is promising in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but it should not yet be considered a standard approach for these patients. CONCLUSION DI chemotherapy is an acceptable and standard therapeutic maneuver for patients with AML in first remission, MM, and relapsed aggressive NHL. In solid tumors, the use of DI chemotherapy either alone or with cytokine support has not been shown to improve outcome and should not be considered standard therapy. Current randomized trials should provide definitive answers about the role of DI therapy in solid tumors.
Late-breaking abstract: Gender differences in asthma and allergies in relation to sports
Authors: Kerstin Romberg, Ellen Tufvesson, Leif Bjermer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Asthma and allergic diseases are common among adolescents. Before puberty the prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls. A gender switch occurs in adolescence.  The aim of the study was to investigate sex-related differences according to symptoms and treatment of asthma among elite athletes and a reference group.  Methods: Adolescent elite swimmers (n=101), tennis players (n=86) and a reference group (n=1628) answered a questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, allergy and health Atopy was assessed by skin prick tests and fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide. The athletes performed a mannitol provocation test and a sport-specific exercise provocation test.  Results: Asthma symptoms during the last 12 months were common in all groups. The females, regardless of group, reference group 29.1% and athlete group 56.4%, reported more current asthma symptoms than the males, reference group 22.3%, athletes 40.2%. The female athletes had more positive mannitol provocations (48.7% females, 35.8% males). The female swimmers were also more often positive in exercise provocation tests, (35.6%) than their male colleagues (15.1% ). At the same time there were no differences in physician-diagnosed asthma or in the treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. The FeNO values were higher among the male athletes (p=0.021). There was no difference in the frequency of positive skin prick tests.  Conclusion: We found a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms in the female groups. The frequency of doctor diagnosed asthma and the prescription of inhaled corticosteroids were the same independent of gender. This could be in line with tendency of not being sufficiently aware of the asthma diagnose in females.
Rehabilitation of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Razvan Gabriel Dragoi, Claudiu Avram, Elena Amaricai, Oana Suciu, Mihai Dragoi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  The study is aiming to demonstrate the benefit of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.   Methods:  Twenty four patients (mean age: 45.6±5.6 years old, all males) who were previously diagnosed with AS stage III and IV were included in a eight weeks prospective study. The patients were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study with respect to resting pulmonary function test (forced vital capacity - FVC, forced expiration volume in one second - FEV1) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (maximal minute ventilation - VEmax, maximal tidal volume – VTmax and maximal workload attained during the exercise test - Pmax).  All patients performed IMT sessions, three times weekly for a period of eight weeks using a computer assisted TrainAir device. Each IMT session was individualized by evaluating the maximum inspiratory pressure (SMIP), the training being performed at 80% of SMIP.   Results:  Using paired t test to compare data at baseline and at the end of the study we noticed significant improvements of FVC (3.4%, p=0.0002); FEV1 (3.2%, p=0.0047); VEmax (5.9 L/min, p=0.0002); VTmax (0.07 L, p=0.0204); Pmax (16 Watt, p   Conclusions:  Inspiratory muscle training improves resting and effort pulmonary function of patients in advance stages of AS. This is mainly due to the influence of IMT on increasing strength and mobility of the diaphragm and accessory inspiratory muscles, together with the biofeedback provided by the interaction of: patient - TrainAir system – physical therapist. Improving ventilometric performance leads to an increased exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with AS.
Pulmonary rehabilitation affects lung hyperinflation and cardiovascular response to exercise in COPD
Authors: Davide Elia, Panagiota Tzani, Sara Ramponi, Marina Aiello, Francesco Andrani, Maria Rosaria Gioia, Emilio Marangio, Enrico Maria Clini, Alfredo Chetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) including exercise training has emerged as a recommended standard of care in COPD patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether PR may influence ventilatory and cardiovascular response to training.

Methods: Twenty-three COPD patients (9F; age 70 yrs ± 8; BMI 28 kg/m2 ± 5) with moderate to severe airflow obstruction (FEV1/VC range: 65-36%) admitted to a 6-week PR course performed a pre-to-post evaluation of lung function test and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Inspiratory capacity (IC) manoeuvres, VAS dyspnoea (D) and leg fatigue (F) were assessed during the CPET. Cardiovascular response was also assessed by means of oxygen pulse (VO2/HR), product of systolic blood pressure and heart rate normalized for the maximum workload (DP/W), and heart rate recovery at the 1st min (HRR).

Results: Workload (W) and Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) increased (from 61.2 W ± 23.7 to 74.5 W ± 33.4, p= 0.002, and from 12.9 L/kg/min ± 2 to 14.5 L/kg/min ± 4, p=0.002 , respectively) following PR. The IC for a given W significantly changed from 0.03 L/W ± 0.01 to 0.02 L/W ± 0.01 ( p=0.01 ). VO2/HR increased from 9 L/min/bpm ± 2 to 9.8 L/min/bpm ± 2.7 ( p=0.006 ), DP/W decreased from 352.2 ± 130.3 to 288.7 ± 113.2 ( p=0.002 ), and HRR changed from 8.6 bpm ± 6.7 to 13.3 bpm ± 8.8 ( p=0.007 ) at peak of exercise. Moreover, D (from 1.5 ± 0.5 to 1.3 ± 0.6, p=0.005 ) and F (from 1.3 ± 0.6 to 0.98 ± 0.5, p=0.005 ) reduced at peak/W. Conclusions: Our study shows that training effect during rehabilitation course in COPD is associated with significant reduction of lung hyperinflation and improved cardiovascular response to exercise.
Abstract 240: Vascular Differentiation of C-kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Bioactive PEG Hydrogels
Authors: Srishti Bhutani, Kristin M French, Andres J Garcia, Michael E Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. The ideal therapy would include regeneration of functional myocardial cells as well as vascularization of the regenerated cardiac tissue. In this context, c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from the heart are an exciting stem cell population as they have been shown to have potential to differentiate into cells of myocardial as well as vascular (endothelial, vascular smooth muscle) lineages. Being an autologous adult stem cell source, they provide advantages of alleviation of immune-rejection and disease transmission risks and are free from ethical concerns. Driving the vascular differentiation of CPCs can enable them to be used for angiogenic cell therapy. The objective of this project is to direct CPCs to the endothelial lineage via stimulation with VEGF immobilized in a PEG-maleimide (PEG-MAL) hydrogel scaffold for better retention of grafted cells. This hydrogel has protease-cleavable sites which should enable the hydrogel to be degraded while allowing for tube formation. CPCs are encapsulated in PEG-MAL hydrogel constructs presenting 100 ng VEGF/mL hydrogel. CPCs encapsulated in these PEG-MAL hydrogels maintain high viability for up to 14 days. In hydrogels presenting immobilized VEGF, successful biochemical stimulation of the encapsulated CPCs is evidenced by downstream ERK phosphorylation, likely through VEGFR2. These immobilized-VEGF treated CPCs also demonstrate greater RNA expression of endothelial markers 7 days post-encapsulation. CPCs in VEGF presenting gels show a trend toward increasing formation of vascular structures in comparison to cells encapsulated in empty hydrogels. Together, this preliminary evidence suggests that c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells can be driven toward the endothelial lineage when stimulated with immobilized VEGF, and may adapt a vascular phenotype. This system has the potential to be used for therapeutic angiogenesis as the PEG hydrogel scaffold should enable controlled delivery of the CPCs in vivo and is injectable and biodegradable.
Decision Analysis as an Aid to Determining the Management of Early Low Rectal Cancer for the Individual Patient
Authors: Larissa K.F. Temple, David Naimark, Robin S. McLeod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Because there are no data available from randomized controlled trials (RCT), a decision analysis was performed to aid in the decision of which option, a local excision with or without radiotherapy or an abdominal perineal resection (APR), should be offered to medically fit patients with early (suspected T1/T2) low (< 5 cm) rectal cancer.All clinically relevant outcomes, including complications of surgery and radiotherapy, cure, salvageability after local recurrence, distant disease, and death, were modeled for both options. The probabilities of complications and outcomes after radiotherapy and/or local excision were derived from weighted averages of results from studies conducted between 1969 and 1997. The probabilities for the APR option were extracted from relevant RCTs. Long- and short-term patient-centered utilities for each complication and outcome were extracted from the literature and from expert opinion.The expected utility of local excision (EU = 0.81) for the base case was higher than the expected utility for APR (EU = 0.78). Although the result was sensitive to all variables, local excision was always favored over APR within the plausible ranges of the variables taken one, two, or three at a time. The model illustrated the tension between the patient's perception of a colostomy and the higher recurrence rates with local excision.The results of this decision analysis suggest that local therapy for early low rectal cancer is the preferred method of treatment. However, there must be careful preoperative assessment, patient selection, and consideration of patient concerns. In addition, decision analysis may be useful in providing patient information and assisting in decision making.
Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers: Current Options and Future Promise
Authors: Christine M. Coticchia, Jiang Yang, Marsha A. Moses
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

As more effective, less toxic cancer drugs reach patients, the need for accurate and reliable cancer diagnostics and prognostics has become widely appreciated. Nowhere is this need more dire than in ovarian cancer; here most women are diagnosed late in disease progression. The ability to sensitively and specifically predict the presence of early disease and its status, stage, and associated therapeutic efficacy has the potential to revolutionize ovarian cancer detection and treatment. This article reviews current ovarian cancer diagnostics and prognostics and potential biomarkers that are being studied and validated. Some of the most recent molecular approaches being used to identify genes and proteins are presented, which may represent the next generation of ovarian cancer diagnostics and prognostics.
Abstract 5905: Osteogenic Transcription Factor Runx2 Suppresses Atrial and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Gene Expression in Rat Cardiacmyocytes: Possible Role of Runx2 in Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Takehiro Nakahara, Takehisa Shimizu, Keiko Kawai-Kowase, Toru Tanaka, Tatsuya Iso, Masashi Arai, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2008)