tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polycomb-mediated methylation on Lys27 of histone H3 pre-marks genes for de novo methylation in cancer
Authors: Yeshayahu Schlesinger, Ravid Straussman, Ilana Keshet, Shlomit Farkash, Merav Hecht, Joseph Zimmerman, Eran Eden, Zohar Yakhini, Etti Ben-Shushan, Benjamin E Reubinoff, Yehudit Bergman, Itamar Simon, Howard Cedar
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Continuous venovenous haemofiltration for the treatment of theophylline toxicity
Authors: J H Henderson
Journal: Thorax (2001)

In patients with severe theophylline toxicity charcoal haemoperfusion is the recommended method for rapid reduction of serum theophylline levels. However, access to this technique is limited in most hospitals. This case report shows that continuous venovenous haemofiltration, a technique available in most hospitals, is an effective alternative to charcoal haemoperfusion.
What the 4-metre gait speed measures and why it cannot replace functional capacity tests
Authors: Matteo Cesari, Simone Scarlata
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Kon et al. [1] explored the responsiveness of the 4-m gait speed (4MGS) test to pulmonary rehabilitation and provided its longitudinal modifications in a sample of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. That article may be considered complementary to a previous one published by the same group of authors a few months ago, in which the reliability and validity of the physical performance test were determined in older persons referred to an outpatient respiratory clinic [2]. Consistent with previous evidence from different medical specialties and settings [3], the 4MGS was confirmed to be a robust, clinically friendly instrument capable of improving the patient’s assessment and monitoring over time. We strongly believe that both studies by Kon and co-workers [1, 2] are extremely interesting and meritorious for proposing the widely studied 4MGS test in the field of respiratory medicine. Nevertheless, in both contributions, the authors tend to present the 4MGS …
Agitated Depression in Bipolar I Disorder: Prevalence, Phenomenology, and Outcome
Authors: Mario Maj, Raffaele Pirozzi, Lorenza Magliano, Luca Bartoli
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

The study aimed to explore how prevalent agitated depression is in bipolar I disorder, whether it represents a mixed state, and whether it differs from nonagitated depression with respect to course and outcome.From 313 bipolar I patients with an index episode of major depression, the authors selected those fulfilling Research Diagnostic Criteria for agitated depression. These 61 patients were compared to 61 randomly recruited bipolar I patients with an index episode of nonagitated depression and 61 randomly recruited bipolar I patients with an index episode of mania regarding demographic, historical, and clinical features. The two depressive groups were also compared regarding time to recovery from the index episode, treatment received for that episode, percentage of time spent in an affective episode during a prospective observation period, and 5-year outcome.Patients with agitated depression were consistently not elated or grandiose, but one-fourth had the cluster of symptoms with racing thoughts, pressured speech, and increased motor activity, and one-fourth had the paranoia-aggression-irritability cluster. Compared to patients with nonagitated depression, they had a longer time to 50% probability of recovery from the index episode, were more likely to receive standard antipsychotic drugs during that episode, and spent more time in an affective episode during the observation period.The occurrence of agitated depression in bipolar I disorder is not rare and has significant prognostic and therapeutic implications. Whether the co-occurrence of a major depressive syndrome with one or two of these symptomatic clusters makes up a "mixed state" remains unclear.
Risk of torsades de pointes with non-cardiac drugs
Authors: Y. G. Yap
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Many antiarrhythmic drugs are known to prolong ventricular repolarisation and provoke torsades de pointes. Recently, an increasing number of non-cardiac drugs have also been reported to have the same effects. These drugs share the same ability to block the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr), resulting in inhomogeneous lengthening of action potential, T wave abnormality, and QT interval prolongation. Depolarisation current at the tail of a prolonged action potential induces early after depolarisations, which in the setting of inhomogeneous ventricular recovery provokes torsades de pointes. Many doctors are unaware of the proarrhythmic risk associated with some non-cardiac drugs. With few exceptions, most papers published in scientific journals are anecdotal case reports. Notifications to regulatory authorities, the World Health Organisation, and pharmaceutical companies thus constitute much of the evidence base.

Two non-sedating antihistamines, terfenadine and astemizole, attracted regulatory attention in the early 1990s and have since been restricted to prescription only in the United Kingdom because of their unexpected association with QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, and sudden death.1–2 The adverse effects of terfenadine appeared to depend on concentration, occurring at supraclinical doses or at normal doses in patients also …
Self-assembled glycol chitosan nanogels containing palmityl-acylated exendin-4 peptide as a long-acting anti-diabetic inhalation system
Authors: Juho Lee, Changkyu Lee, Tae Hyung Kim, Eun Seong Lee, Beom Soo Shin, Sang-Cheol Chi, Eun-Seok Park, Kang Choon Lee, Yu Seok Youn
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Declining Serum Cholesterol Levels Prior to Diagnosis of Colon Cancer
Authors: Sidney J. Winawer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We report the results of a 10-year, time-trend, case-control study in which serum cholesterol level was determined at several points in time preceding the diagnosis of colon cancer in a population of individuals who sought general checkups at an ambulatory care screening facility. Each of the 69 patients with colon cancer (32 men and 37 women) was matched with a control patient who was randomly selected. At the time of diagnosis, the patients with colon cancer had significantly lower serum cholesterol values than control patients (5.56 ± 0.31 mmol/L [SEM] vs 6.47 ±0.34 mmol/L). This difference did not vary with sex or Dukes' stage of the cancer. The percent of matched pairs in which the cancer patient had a lower serum cholesterol level increased from 42% at 10 years prior to cancer diagnosis to 77% at diagnosis. The ratio of serum cholesterol at each period to the level at time of diagnosis demonstrated an average decline of 13% during the 10 years prior to diagnosis for case patients vs an average rise of 2% in the same period for control patients. We conclude that individuals in whom colorectal cancer develops share the same level of serum cholesterol as the general population initially, but during the 10 years preceding the cancer demonstrate a decline in serum cholesterol level that is opposite to the rising level seen with age in the general population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2083-2085)
Human immunodeficiency viruses in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in London, 1982-7.
Authors: C. Loveday, L. Pomeroy, I. V. Weller, J. Quirk, A. Hawkins, H. Williams, A. Smith, P. Williams, R. S. Tedder, M. W. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in all patients attending a London sexually transmitted disease clinic over four weeks at the end of 1987 and to see how it varied from that in similar samples studied between 1982 and 1986. DESIGN--Anonymous testing of serum samples from consecutive heterosexual and homosexual patients having routine serological investigations for syphilis. Testing was for anti-HIV-I, anti-HIV-II, and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and P24 antigen. Age, nationality, sexual orientation, and past sexually transmitted diseases were recorded for each patient. Gonorrhoea rates by quarters were analysed among homosexual and bisexual men and heterosexual men and women from 1981 to 1987. SETTING--Outpatient department of genitourinary medicine. PATIENTS--A total of 1074 patients attending consecutively for syphilis serology. Thirty five homosexual and bisexual men were excluded (these were regular attenders as part of a prospective study of the natural course of HIV infection). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--The prevalence of anti-HIV-I in homosexual and bisexual men in 1987 was 25.6% (64/250). Results in the same clinic population between 1982 and 1984 had shown a rise in prevalence, which flattened out in 1985-6 and continued at that level. Among heterosexual attenders in 1987 the prevalence of anti-HIV-I was 1% (women 4/412; men 4/377), which contrasted with a prevalence of 0.5% (women 2/395; men 3/757) in January 1986. One homosexual man was seropositive for anti-HIV-II and seronegative for anti-HIV-I. Among homosexual and bisexual men the rate of gonorrhoea had declined by an average of 2.7% a year since 1981, such that by 1987--and for the first time in the clinic--there was no significant difference in the rates between these men and heterosexual men and women. CONCLUSIONS--The appearance of HIV-I infection among heterosexuals indicates a need for more aggressive education programmes and intervention strategies along the lines adopted for homosexual men. Surveillance for HIV-II infection is needed to provide information for future policy in national screening programmes.
Publication of CDC Surveillance Summaries
Authors: William L. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MMWR. 1993;42:102-104  SINCE 1983, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has published the CDC Surveillance Summaries under separate cover as part of the MMWR series. Each report published in the CDC Surveillance Summaries focuses on public health surveillance; surveillance findings are reported for a broad range of risk factors and health conditions.  Summaries for each of the reports published in the November 20,1992, issue of the CDC Surveillance Summaries  1 are provided below. All subscribers to MMWR receive the CDC Surveillance Summaries , as well as the MMWR Recommendations and Reports , as part of their subscriptions.  MEASLES SURVEILLANCE—UNITED STATES, 1991 A total of 9643 measles cases was reported from the United States in 1991, a 65.3% decrease from the 27 786 cases reported in 1990. The overall incidence of measles was 3.9 cases per 100 000 population. The highest age-specific incidence was among children younger than 12 months
Hodgkin's Disease — Clinical Trials and Travails
Authors: Vincent T. DeVita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The greatest derangement of the mind is to believe in something because one wishes it to be so.— René J. Dubos, 1876The two articles on Hodgkin's disease in this issue of the Journal — one by Aleman et al. (pages 2396–2406) and one by Diehl et al. (pages 2386–2395) — provide an unusual opportunity to reflect on the evolution of the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and some of the mysterious ways in which competition among specialties affects the design of clinical trials.In the 1960s, as part of a more global experiment on the curative potential of chemotherapy, . . .
Using Stress Testing to Guide Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Among Intermediate-Risk Patients
Authors: Benjamin Z. Galper, Andrew Moran, Pamela G. Coxson, Mark J. Pletcher, Paul Heidenreich, Lawrence D. Lazar, Nicolas Rodondi, Y. Claire Wang, Lee Goldman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Noninvasive stress testing might guide the use of aspirin and statins for primary prevention of coronary heart disease, but it is unclear if such a strategy would be cost effective.We compared the status quo, in which the current national use of aspirin and statins was simulated, with 3 other strategies: (1) full implementation of Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, (2) a treat-all strategy in which all intermediate-risk persons received statins (men and women) and aspirin (men only), and (3) a test-and-treat strategy in which all persons with an intermediate risk of coronary heart disease underwent stress testing and those with a positive test were treated with high-intensity statins (men and women) and aspirin (men only). Healthcare costs, coronary heart disease events, and quality-adjusted life years from 2011 to 2040 were projected. Under a variety of assumptions, the treat-all strategy was the most effective and least expensive strategy. Stress electrocardiography was more effective and less expensive than other test-and-treat strategies, but it was less expensive than treat all only if statin cost exceeded $3.16/pill or if testing increased adherence from <22% to >75%. However, stress electrocardiography could be cost effective in persons initially nonadherent to the treat-all strategy if it raised their adherence to 5% and cost saving if it raised their adherence to 13%.When generic high-potency statins are available, noninvasive cardiac stress testing to target preventive medications is not cost effective unless it substantially improves adherence.
Free IOM Books
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in humans. Identification of two complementation groups of cofactor-deficient patients and preliminary characterization of a diffusible molybdopterin precursor.
Authors: J L Johnson, M M Wuebbens, R Mandell, V E Shih
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a devastating disease with affected patients displaying the symptoms of a combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Because of the extreme lability of the isolated, functional molybdenum cofactor, direct cofactor replacement therapy is not feasible, and a search for stable biosynthetic intermediates was undertaken. From studies of cocultured fibroblasts from affected individuals, two complementation groups were identified. Coculture of group A and group B cells, without heterokaryon formation, led to the appearance of active sulfite oxidase. Use of conditioned media indicated that a relatively stable, diffusible precursor produced by group B cells could be used to repair sulfite oxidase in group A recipient cells. Although the extremely low levels of precursor produced by group B cells preclude its direct characterization, studies with a heterologous, in vitro reconstitution system suggest that the precursor that accumulates in group B cells is the same as a molybdopterin precursor identified in the Neurospora crassa molybdopterin mutant nit-1, and that a converting enzyme is present in group A cells which catalyzes an activation reaction analogous to that of a converting enzyme identified in the Escherichia coli molybdopterin mutant ChlA1.
Billary strictures (hilar or anastomotic) after liver transplantation (LT)
Authors: N. Bourgeois, N. Boon, V. Donckier, F. Hut, Th. Gustoi, O. Le Moine, V. Lefebvre, I. El Nakadi, H. Louis, C. Matos, C. Winant, M. Gelin, M. Adler, J. Deviere
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Differential regulation of natriuretic peptide receptor messenger RNAs during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the rat.
Authors: L A Brown, D J Nunez, M R Wilkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The heart expresses the three natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR), namely NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C. We have examined the temporal relationship between the expression of mRNA transcripts for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and their receptors in the heart during the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the aortovenocaval fistula rat. Messenger RNAs were measured by cDNA amplification. Progressive cardiac hypertrophy was accompanied by increased ANP mRNA prevalence throughout the heart and increased BNP mRNA in the left atrium. The most striking observation was the gradual disappearance of NPR-C transcripts (the putative "clearance" receptor) in all chambers; this was in marked contrast to the increase in mRNA levels for NPR-A and NPR-B (the guanylyl cyclase-linked receptors). Our observations have important therapeutic implications if the transcript changes are mirrored at the receptor protein level because (a) the apparent down-regulation of NPR-C may enhance the local action of natriuretic peptides on the heart, and (b) the loss of NPR-C, particularly if it is widespread, may reduce the rate of elimination of the natriuretic peptides, restricting the therapeutic potential of specific NPR-C ligands designed to reduce peptide clearance.
THE RENAL ELIMINATION OF BILIRUBIN
Authors: Herbert Haessler, Peyton Rous, G. O. Broun
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

The elimination of bile pigment during jaundice is, for practical purposes, unincreased by diuresis from water by mouth. Possibly, though, the flushing of the kidneys tends to lessen pigment accumulation within these organs and thus to diminish a serious potential source of trouble in long continued jaundice. Flood diuresis from intravenous injections of salt solution markedly increases the output of bile pigment. It is important to know the effect of variations in the urinary output on the elimination of bile salts, but methods for the purpose are not available at present. The passage of bile pigment into the kidney cells during jaundice is attested by the presence in the freshly voided urine of desquamated renal elements specifically stained, stippled, or granulated with bilirubin. Pigmentation of this sort is readily to be distinguished from the indiscriminate staining of cellular debris that occurs in icteric urines on standing. It has clinical significance, furnishing direct evidence on the degree of renal change.
P17.58 * DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS DNA IN A SUBSET OF GLIOBLASTOMA SAMPLES
Authors: G. Gasparre, M. Vidone, M. Cricca, C. Savini, E. Trevisan, R. Soffietti, G. Faccani, M. Leone, I. Morra
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, but its aetiology remains unknown. Recent reports have demonstrated the presence of neurotropic viruses in glioma samples, leading to the hypothesis that viral infection could be involved in tumorigenesis. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess the burden of HPV infection in a cohort of malignant gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one fresh frozen tumour samples of 62 glioblastomas and 9 grade III astrocytomas have been retrospectively analyzed. The presence of HPV genome in tumour DNA was assessed by MY/GP nested PCR. PCR products were sequenced with Sanger technology in order to define the viral genotype involved in the infection. A PCR with genotype-specific primer sets was carried out as confirmation of the infection. RESULTS: Viral DNA was detected after PCR in 8 (11%) cases. According to our previous studies both low- and high risk genotypes were isolated. Sequencing analysis showed that HPV16 genome was present in 4 (50%) infected samples whereas the remaining 4 resulted positive to HPV6. All positive cases were diagnosed as primary glioblastomas, and no positivity was found in lower grade glioma samples. Median overall survival did not significantly differ between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HPV in high grade glioma specimens deserves further investigation. The analysis of a large cohort of tumors, along with in vitro studies on glioblastoma cell lines, will allow to better clarify the role of HPV in gliomagenesis and assess its potential use as a prognostic factor.
Coronary Calcium as a Predictor of Coronary Events in Four Racial or Ethnic Groups
Authors: Robert Detrano, Alan D. Guerci, J. Jeffrey Carr, Diane E. Bild, Gregory Burke, Aaron R. Folsom, Kiang Liu, Steven Shea, Moyses Szklo, David A. Bluemke, Daniel H. O'Leary, Russell Tracy, Karol Watson, Nathan D. Wong, Richard A. Kronmal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In white populations, computed tomographic measurements of coronary-artery calcium predict coronary heart disease independently of traditional coronary risk factors. However, it is not known whether coronary-artery calcium predicts coronary heart disease in other racial or ethnic groups.We collected data on risk factors and performed scanning for coronary calcium in a population-based sample of 6722 men and women, of whom 38.6% were white, 27.6% were black, 21.9% were Hispanic, and 11.9% were Chinese. The study subjects had no clinical cardiovascular disease at entry and were followed for a median of 3.8 years.There were 162 coronary events, of which 89 were major events (myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease). In comparison with participants with no coronary calcium, the adjusted risk of a coronary event was increased by a factor of 7.73 among participants with coronary calcium scores between 101 and 300 and by a factor of 9.67 among participants with scores above 300 (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Among the four racial and ethnic groups, a doubling of the calcium score increased the risk of a major coronary event by 15 to 35% and the risk of any coronary event by 18 to 39%. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves for the prediction of both major coronary events and any coronary event were higher when the calcium score was added to the standard risk factors.The coronary calcium score is a strong predictor of incident coronary heart disease and provides predictive information beyond that provided by standard risk factors in four major racial and ethnic groups in the United States. No major differences among racial and ethnic groups in the predictive value of calcium scores were detected.