tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and rhabdomyolysis. A rare complication of a common disease.
Authors: G M Lord, J Scott, C D Pusey, A J Rees, M J Walport, K A Davies, C Bulpitt, S R Bloom, F M Muntoni
Journal: BMJ (1993)

concentrations, and in practice their measurement may be limited to those patients in whom a particularly high or low result is likely to alter their risk status-that is, those with moderate hypercholesterolaemia.Accordingly we have standardised our criteria for assaying high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a fortunate result has been the identification of this patient with hyper-a-lipoproteinaemia, a case of hyper- cholesterolaemia not warranting treatment.1 Warnick GR, Knopp RH, Fitzpatrick V, Branson L. Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints.
Disappearance of Vascular Calcifications During Treatment of Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: R. VERBERCKMOES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

In two patients with chronic renal failure, extensive renal osteodystrophy, and vascular calcifications, treatment with high doses of vitamin D3 and aluminum hydroxide was followed by healing of the osteodystrophy and marked resolution of the vascular calcifications. The importance of adequate serum phosphate control during this treatment is stressed. It is postulated that the presence of pathologic bone that was rendered more avid for mineral by the action of vitamin D contributed to the disposal of calcium and phosphorus derived from the calcified vessels and from a positive external balance.
Regulation of Vascular Bed–Specific Prothrombotic Potential
Authors: Jay M. Edelberg, Patricia D. Christie, Robert D. Rosenberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Hemostasis is the result of interdependent and complex systemic and local endothelial pathways that govern vascular integrity and rheology. A striking feature of hypercoagulable conditions is the focal nature of the resultant thrombotic pathology. Such disorders in hemostasis may be associated with distinct vascular beds, thus implying that the relative combined contribution of individual regulatory pathways may be specific and/or unique to a particular locale in the vasculature. Systemic factors and platelets mediate the formation of fibrin deposition; however, it is the diverse interrelationships in the interaction of these systemic elements with the local endothelial components that dictate vascular bed-specific hemostatic regulation. Indeed, the local activation of coagulation cascades, rather than increases in systemic thrombotic potential, is what leads to fibrin formation in different vascular beds. Hence, the propensity for congenital or acquired disorders to result in local thrombotic pathology is based on the relative contribution of the various hemostatic regulatory pathways in individual vascular beds. The present review highlights the role of local endothelial regulation in the interaction between local and systemic elements that contribute to vascular bed-specific prothrombotic potential.
Phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and aplastic anaemia.
Authors: L E Bottiger
Journal: BMJ (1977)

distances and stay away from home as before.I suggest that specialist societies should urgently consider amalgamation or combined meetings with the larger organisations.Unless something is done to reduce expenses I feel sure that resignations will inevitably follow non-attendance and many of these valuable professional activities will cease.Little help can be expected from employing authorities, whose funds are wholly insufficient to cover meeting expenses for most of their staff.
Effects of Acetylcholine on Hemodynamics and Blood Oxygen Saturation in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: C. ALPHEUS STANFIELD, JAMES K. FINLAYSON, MILTON N. LURIA, HERBERT CONSTANTINE, F. JOSEPH FLATLEY, PAUL N. Yu
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Acetylcholine was infused into the main pulmonary artery in a dose of 2 to 12 mg. per minute to 18 patients with mitral stenosis of rheumatic origin. The drug produced significant arterial oxygen desaturation in nine patients. This was associtaed with (a) a decrease in pulmonary resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, (b) an increase in cardiac index and stroke index, and (c) an increase in "central" blood volume. The changes in the above parameters were minimal or in opposite direction in those patients who showed no significant desaturation. The data did not lend support to the explanation that arterial desaturation during acetylcholine infusion was due to (a) decreased alveolar ventilaton, (b) focal bronchoconstriction, or (c) opening of pulmonary arteriovenous shunts bypassing the alveoli. Evidence is presented to show that the most likely mechanism of the decline in arterial oxygen saturation during acetylcholine infusion was an increased pulmonary blood flow in pre-existing poorly ventilated regions of the lungs as a consequence of pulmonary arteriolar dilatation. These changes resulted in a significant lowering of the arterial blood oxygen tension and content, and a considerable widening of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient.
Inhibition of gene expression by theGγ 5′ flanking region of the Bantu βs chromosome
Authors: Juliet J. Thomas, Abdullah Kutlar, David F. Scott, Kenneth D. Lanclos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Beta(s)-chromosome haplotypes are peculiar to specific regions of Africa and Asia and are associated with the occurrence of different fetal hemoglobin (Hb) levels in sickle cell patients. Among these haplotypes, beta(s)-chromosomes found in the Senegal and the Arab-India regions are associated with relatively high levels of HbF expression, whereas those around the Benin, Bantu, and the Cameroon regions show low levels of HbF expression. The roles of 5'HS2 and the 5' flanking (promoter region) region in the expression of globin genes are well documented. Haplotype specific variations are found in these regions and have been postulated to be involved in the regulation of HbF expression. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of sequence variations in regulatory regions of the Bantu 5'HS2 and 5' flanking region of the Ggamma gene on CAT expression. A diminution was observed in K562 cells when the promoter originated from the Bantu beta(s) chromosome. The decreased expression was independent of the origin of the 5'HS2 sequence--combinations of the Bantu promoter were measured with the Benin, Bantu, or Senegal 5'HS2 sequences in K562 cells. However, expression of the same plasmids in murine erythroleukemic (MEL) cells showed no difference in CAT expression among the various sequence combinations studied.
The cost of dichotomising continuous variables
Authors: Douglas G Altman, Patrick Royston
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are present in elevated numbers in TB patients and have been found to be permissive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) proliferation. To determine whether depletion of MDSCs may improve host control of TB, we used a novel diphtheria toxin-based fusion protein known as DABIL-4 that targets and depletes IL-4-receptor positive cells. We show that DABIL-4 depletes both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSC in the mouse TB model, and that it reduces the lung bacillary burden of <i>Mtb</i>. These results indicate that MDSC-depleting therapies targeting the IL4 receptor are beneficial in TB and offer an avenue towards host-directed TB therapy.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits expression of pulmonary surfactant protein.
Authors: J R Wispé, J C Clark, B B Warner, D Fajardo, W E Hull, R B Holtzman, J A Whitsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) decreased the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-B in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell lines. The effect of TNF alpha on SP-A content and mRNA in the pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line, H441-4, was concentration and time dependent. TNF alpha decreased the cellular content of SP-A to less than 10% of control 48 h after addition. TNF alpha decreased de novo synthesis of SP-A and decreased the accumulation of SP-A in media. SP-A mRNA was decreased within 12 h of addition of TNF alpha, with nearly complete loss of SP-A mRNA observed after 24 h. Inhibitory effects of TNF alpha on SP-A mRNA were dose-related with nearly complete inhibition of SP-A mRNA caused by 25 ng/ml TNF alpha. The effects of TNF alpha on SP-A were distinct from the effects of interferon gamma which increased SP-A content approximately twofold in H441-4 cells. TNF alpha also decreased the content of SP-B mRNA. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on SP-A and SP-B mRNA, TNF alpha increased mRNA encoding human manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). TNF alpha did not inhibit growth, alter cell viability or beta-actin mRNA in either cell line. These in vitro studies demonstrate the marked pretranslational inhibitory effects of the cytokine, TNF alpha, on the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-B. The results support the concept that macrophage-derived cytokines may control surfactant protein expression.
The Response of Acne to Placebos and Antibiotics
Authors: Robert G. Crounse
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A double-blind placebo-containing cross-over study of the effect of tetracycline hydrochloride and demethylchlortetracycline hydrochloride on acne is reported. The results do not show either antibiotic to be significantly superior to a placebo when administered in the doses and for the durations stated. The marked placebo response in all controlled studies and the normal distribution of degree of response to placebo in this study further indicate the need for critical appraisal of systemic antibiotic therapy for acne. This knowledge of placebo reactivity or spontaneous resolution or both should be properly recognized as a positive and sometimes potent therapeutic measure.
Improving endothelial vasomotor function
Authors: S. N Doshi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The vascular endothelium is a confluent, cellular monolayer that lines the entire vascular compartment at the interface between blood and the vessel wall. This “organ” possesses complex endocrine and paracrine functions and is intimately concerned in controlling vasomotor tone and preventing atherosclerosis and thrombosis.1 Indeed, endothelial dysfunction plays a key part in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis.2

An important and relatively recently discovered endothelial product is nitric oxide, a simple, highly reactive gas previously known as endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Endothelial nitric oxide itself possesses potent antiatherogenic properties, inhibits platelet aggregation, and regulates vascular tone.1 Bioavailable nitric oxide may be increased either by enhancing its production or by reducing its inactivation—for example, by reactive oxygen species, which are thought to damage the endothelium and promote atherosclerosis. Indirect measurement of bioavailable nitric oxide, through its vasodilating properties, is an extensively investigated surrogate of endothelial (vasomotor) function in clinical and experimental studies. In this …
Antigen Localization and Migration in Immunity and Tolerance
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Survival in a hostile environment requires the ability to mount a protective immune response while avoiding a reaction of the immune system against the self. We propose that the migration and localization of antigen are the governing factors in immunologic responsiveness or unresponsiveness against infections, tumors, and self and against xenografts and allografts. This conclusion is based largely on studies of experimental viral infection13 and of the small numbers of donor leukocytes found in the blood and tissues of human and animal recipients of organ allografts (microchimerism).46 Under both circumstances, an immune response can be construed as a . . .
Identification and characterization of a receptor for tissue ferritin on activated rat lipocytes.
Authors: G A Ramm, R S Britton, R O'Neill, B R Bacon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Hepatic iron overload causes lipocyte activation with resultant fibrogenesis. This study examines whether rat lipocytes express ferritin receptors, which could be involved in paracellular iron movement and in cellular regulation. Lipocytes from normal rat liver were cultured on plastic and incubated with 125I-labeled rat liver ferritin (RLF) +/- a 100-fold excess of either unlabeled RLF or human heart ferritin, human liver ferritin, human recombinant H-ferritin, a mutant human recombinant L-ferritin, or a variety of nonspecific proteins. Specific binding sites for ferritin were demonstrated by displacement of 125I-RLF by RLF (64.5 +/- 4.3%) and by other ferritins (55-60%), but not by recombinant L-ferritin. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a single class of binding sites with a Kd of 5.1 +/- 2.9 x 10(-10) M, maximum binding capacity of 4.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(-12) M, and 5,000-10,000 receptor sites/cell. Ferritin receptor expression was observed only in activated lipocytes. Internalization of RLF was observed within 15 min using FITC-RLF and confocal microscopy. This study demonstrates that (a) activated lipocytes express a specific high affinity ferritin receptor; (b) the binding appears to be dependent on the H-ferritin subunit; and (c) lipocytes internalize ferritin. Expression of ferritin receptors in activated lipocytes suggests that the receptor may either be involved in the activation cascade or may be a marker of activation.
The optimal recombinant allergen for treatment of birch allergy should contain characteristics of both Bet v 1 and Mal d 1, the major apple allergen
Authors: P.A. Würtzen, L. Lund, L. Hansen, A.H. Millner, M. Ferreras, J. Holm, H. Ipsen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Our professional bodies should stop opposing assisted dying
Authors: R. Tallis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMA and some royal colleges are publicly opposed to legislation to permit assisted dying for terminally ill mentally competent adults (box). It is not the place here to rehearse what we, as members of Healthcare Professionals for Assisted Dying (HPAD), believe is the powerful case for such legislation, but rather to argue that the proper stance of our professional bodies should be one of neutrality.1 HPAD was founded by Ann McPherson and her friend Professor Joe Collier in 2010 to challenge the stance of the medical establishment.

#### Medical bodies’ stances on assisted dying

##### Opposed

##### No position

##### Neutral

At the heart of the …
Lack of Effectiveness of Intranasal Administration of Human Factor VIII
Authors: Gilad S. Gordon, William E. Hathaway, William A. Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Lack of Effectiveness of Intranasal Administration of Human Factor VIIIGILAD S. GORDON, M.D., WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY, M.D., WILLIAM A. ROBINSON, M.D., Ph.D.GILAD S. GORDON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM A. ROBINSON, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-788_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In light of recent reports of administration of insulin and other proteins via the nasal route (1-3), we studied the intranasal administration of human factor VIII:C to severe hemophiliacs. We used the adjuvant taurodeoxycholate, which had been shown to be active with insulin (3). We studied four patients, all with severe hemophilia as defined by basal factor VIII levels less than 1%. These patients had not self-administered factor VIII for at least 7 days. They were given 1000 to 2000 units of anti-hemophiliac factor as a fine mist spray in a solution of 1% taurodeoxycholate over a...References1. SALZMANMANSONGRIFFING RJG. Intranasal aerosolized insulin: mixed-meal studies and long-term use in type I diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1078-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MOSESGORDONCAREYFLIER AGMJ. Insulin administered intranasally as an insulin-bile salt aerosol: effectiveness and reproducibility in normal and diabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1983;32:1040-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GORDONMOSESSILVER GAR. Nasal absorption of insulin: enhancement by hydrophobic bile salts. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1985;82:7419-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. POOLROBINSON JJ. Assay of plasma antihaemophilic globulin (AHG). Br J Haematol. 1959;5:17-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 788-788KeywordsHemophilia AInsulinInsulin-like growth factorsProteins Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Away with the system review: a plea for parsimony.
Authors: B. I. Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1989)

body systems as a routine, not to be missed, part of the initial history taking. This exercise has been variously called the system review,13 functional inquiry,4' systemic inquiry,6 7 and symptom review.8 The authors generally advocate asking every patient specific ques? tions related to possible disease in each system. As many as 60  may be asked,9 less those already asked with the presenting complaints, but with addi? tional  if any of the  ones prove positive. Of the clinical methods texts reviewed, only Swash and Mason10 in listing their routine questions suggest that only those relevant to the system sug? gested by the presenting complaints should be put. All eight of the 13 medical schools in the south east of England who responded to a personal letter asking for details of notes given to clinical medical students embarking on their introductory course currently recommend one or more of the above textbooks or
TCT-580 COMPARE II: 1 Year Clinical Data of the Treatment of Long Lesions (&gt;20mm)
Authors: Peter Smits, A.J. van Boven, Mariano Valdes, Antonio Serra, Jean-Jacques Goy, V. Voudris, J.M. Vazquez, Ramiro Trillo, A.G. Vuillomenet, Ton Slagboom, Peter den Heijer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Military Medical Milestones
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adenosine deaminase: Functional implications and different classes of inhibitors
Authors: Gloria Cristalli, Stefano Costanzi, Catia Lambertucci, Giulio Lupidi, Sauro Vittori, Rosaria Volpini, Emidio Camaioni
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of the purine metabolism which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively. This ubiquitous enzyme has been found in a wide variety of microorganisms, plants, and invertebrates. In addition, it is present in all mammalian cells that play a central role in the differentiation and maturation of the lymphoid system. However, despite a number of studies performed to date, the physiological role played by ADA in the different tissues is not clear. Inherited ADA deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency desease (ADA-SCID), in which both B-cell and T-cell development is impaired. ADA-SCID has been the first disorder to be treated by gene therapy, using polyethene glycol-modified bovine ADA (PEG-ADA). Conversely, there are several diseases in which the level of ADA is above normal. A number of ADA inibitors have been designed and synthesized, classified as ground-state and transition-state inhibitors. They may be used to mimic the genetic deficiency of the enzyme, in lymphoproliferative disorders or immunosuppressive therapy (i.e., in graft rejection), to potentiate the effect of antileukemic or antiviral nucleosides, and, together with adenosine kinase, to reduce breakdown of adenosine in inflammation, hypertension, and ischemic injury. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 2, 105–128, 2001
Fish Oil-Reply
Authors: Jack Yetiv
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Fisher is correct in his assertion that I have "failed to solve the problem" of whether fish oil supplements should be taken by the general public. To "solve" this problem in the absence of adequate data is neither scientific nor does it do the public a service. It is precisely this kind of thinking—eg, the making of wholesale recommendations on the basis of limited data—that purveyors of food supplements have been accused of in the past and that I tried to avoid in my article. The purpose of my review was to suggest clinical indications for fish oil supplements that are supported by data currently available. I find it disconcerting that Dr Fisher would have me recommend fish oil supplements to more than 200 million healthy Americans on the basis of three epidemiologic studies,<sup>1-3</sup>two of which were not even carried out in the United States.