tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyps in Lynch syndrome. Differences in quality of colonoscopy between Western and Eastern endoscopists
Authors: Nikolas Eleftheriadis, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Manabu Onimaru, Roberta Maselli, Shin-ei Kudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Rondagh et al. published an interesting article in Endoscopy regarding nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms in Lynch syndrome [1]. In their study, the authors primarily focused on the differences in gross morphology of colonic neoplasms between different patient groups – those with and without Lynch syndrome.
The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act-Reply
Authors: Shirley D. Rivers
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The UAGA has been enacted in essentially the same form in all 50 states. It provides for a competent adult to give all or part of his body for various medical purposes, with the gift to take effect upon death. A living person has the right to manage and control his own body. After an individual dies, that right to manage and control the body passes to the individual's next of kin. The UAGA affords the person a means by which to exercise control over his body after death. An individual may make a gift of his body or may indicate he does not wish such a gift to be made after his death. Only in the absence of a contrary indication by the decedent does the UAGA provision authorizing a descending order of classes of persons to make a gift of the decedent's body become operative. If
<i>In vitro</i>differentiation of rat liver derived stem cells results in sensitization to TNFα-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Aránzazu Sánchez, Valentina M. Factor, Luis A. Espinoza, Insa S. Schroeder, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatic stem cells are activated after liver damage and have a critical role in tissue homeostasis and repair. Characterization of molecular and cellular events accompanying the expansion and differentiation of liver stem cells is essential for understanding the basic biology of stem cells and for facilitating clinical application of the stem cells. We assessed whether in vitro differentiation of putative hepatic progenitor (rat liver epithelial [RLE]) cells toward hepatocytic lineage affects the response to TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity, a common determinant of liver injury. The data show that 50% of differentiated cells underwent apoptosis after 6 hours of TNFα treatment whereas control RLE cells were resistant. Both cell types displayed mitochondrial depolarization and release of cytochrome c but the TNFα treatment resulted in activation of caspases 9 and 3 and the execution of apoptosis only in differentiated RLE cells. Apoptotic death was associated with increased ROS production and depletion of glutathione. Antioxidants completely prevented both glutathione depletion and apoptosis induced by TNFα in differentiated RLE cells. Conversely, glutathione-depleting agents sensitized control RLE cells to TNFα induced apoptosis. In conclusion , efficient antioxidant defense system involving glutathione renders hepatic progenitor cells resistant to TNFα-mediated apoptosis and acquisition of sensitivity to death stimuli is an implicit feature of the differentiation process. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (Hepatology 2004;40:590-599.)
Is underdiagnosis the main pitfall when diagnosing bipolar disorder? Yes
Authors: D. J Smith, N. Ghaemi
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Daniel Smith</b> and <b>Nassir Ghaemi</b> believe that many people with bipolar disorder remain undiagnosed, but <b>Mark Zimmerman</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c855) argues that overdiagnosis is the bigger problem
Greater hemodynamic response to photic stimulation in schizophrenic patients: an echo planar MRI study
Authors: P F Renshaw, D A Yurgelun-Todd, B M Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Functional echo planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probably will be of importance in assessing brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. The authors used functional MRI to measure the relative magnitude of the change in image signal intensity, reflecting changes in regional neuronal activity caused by photic stimulation, in eight patients with schizophrenia and nine normal comparison subjects. The mean signal intensity change in the primary visual cortex was significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia (mean = 4.6%, SD = 1.5%) than in normal comparison subjects (mean = 3.1%, SD = 1.3%). These results may reflect a variety of factors, including diffuse structural brain changes as well as primary or iatrogenic impairment of mitochondrial function or energy metabolism.
Economics, health, and the economics of health.
Authors: C Normand
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Molecular biology and genetic engineeringFinally, I would like to dwell on a new factor of great importance in the implementation of medical discoveries-namely, the question of control and direction of the remarkable advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering of recent years.In a few years the human genome will have been mapped out and it will be known with precision where exactly the genes are that control the determination of sex, that determine the inheritance of all inherited disorders, that will predispose an individual to common acquired disorders such as hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and indeed to which specific types and sites of cancer.The question is, what is to be done with all this knowledge and latent power?We already have in laboratories forms of life, bacterial and other- wise, whose genetic structure has been spliced with genetic material to enable us to manufacture products 1572
Rubella vaccination. A review of practical experience
Authors: H. M. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 1969, in anticipation of the licensing of live rubella virus vaccine, we reviewed the data available from research work with attenuated rubella viruses and considered the prospects for controlling rubella through vaccination. 1 Looking ahead in this second year of rubella vaccine use, it is appropriate to pause and to reconsider our earlier comments in the light of the increased experience. Several questions pertaining to vaccine use arise frequently and will be dealt with in some detail.  Vaccine Availability  During an experimental phase extending from 1965 through 1969, approximately 100,000 persons were inoculated with various attenuated rubella virus preparations. At present, three manufacturers have been licensed in the United States to produce live rubella virus vaccine. These vaccines are HPV-77 DE5 (a derivative of the HPV-77 strain produced in duck embryo cell culture), HPV-77 DK12 (a derivative of the HPV-77 strain produced in dog kidney cell culture), and Cendehill
Asthma and atopy are associated with chromosome 17q21 markers in Chinese children
Authors: T. F. Leung, H. Y. Sy, M. C. Y. Ng, I. H. S. Chan, G. W. K. Wong, N. L. S. Tang, M. M. Y. Waye, C. W. K. Lam
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genome‐wide association study revealed that markers on chromosome 17q21 were linked to childhood asthma but not atopy in Caucasians, with the strongest signal being detected for the SNP rs7216389 in the ORMDL3 gene. Such association was unknown in Chinese. This study delineated the allele and genotype frequencies of 10 SNPs at chromosome 17q21, and investigated the relationship between these SNPs and asthma and plasma IgE in southern Chinese children. Methods: Asthmatic children and non‐allergic controls were recruited from pediatric clinics. Their plasma total and aeroallergen‐specific IgE concentrations were measured by immunoassay. Ten SNPs on 17q21 region were genotyped by multiplex SNaPshot™, and their genotype associations with asthma traits analyzed using multivariate regression. Results: 315 patients and 192 controls were enrolled. The allele frequency for C allele of rs7216389 varied significantly from 0.232 in our controls, 0.389 in Han Chinese to 0.536 in Caucasians. Asthma diagnosis was associated with rs11650680 and five other SNPs including rs7216389 ( P = 0.019–0.034), whereas atopy was associated only with rs11650680 ( P = 0.0004). Linear regression revealed the covariates for plasma total IgE to be significant for rs11650680 ( P = 0.008–0.0002). Haplotypic associations were found with atopy and increased plasma total IgE, with the respective odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for TTTCCGTT haplotype to be 0.21 and 0.09–0.52 ( P = 0.0002) and 0.41 and 0.18–0.90 ( P = 0.025). Conclusion: Childhood asthma and atopy are associated with chromosome 17q21 in Chinese, but such association may involve genes other than ORMDL3 in this region.
Mutagenic metabolites of benzene detected in the Microscreen assay.
Authors: R G Rossman, C B Klein, C A Snyder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The reactive metobolite responsible for benzene hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity is unknown. It can be hypothesized that the ultimate carcinogen derived from benzene metabolism might also act as a mutagen. This laboratory has recently developed a new assay that can detect mutagens of all types, using a single strain of bacteria, E. coli WP2s (lambda), as a target. Different genetic end points can be monitored in the same exposed population of bacteria. When a number of known metabolites of benzene were assayed, only trans,trans-muconic acid gave a strong positive response. Mutations were induced at two genetic loci (Trp+ revertants and T5 resistance). The mutagenic activity was greatly increased when a rat liver metabolizing system was added. We speculate that trans,trans-muconic acid is metabolized to a diepoxide, which may be the ultimate mutagen and possibly the ultimate carcinogen.
Beyond Pay for Performance — Emerging Models of Provider-Payment Reform
Authors: Meredith B. Rosenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Escalating costs and the growing imbalance between primary and specialty care have increased the urgency of calls for fundamental reform of the health care payment system. At the core of the problem is the fact that the dominant fee-for-service model rewards volume and intensity rather than value. But although the faults in the way we currently pay for health care are obvious, it is much less clear what feasible approach would yield better results.Earlier this decade, pay for performance took center stage as a tactic for realigning payment with value. Payers' experiences during this period, as well as several . . .
572 Pretransplant screening of sobriety with carbohydrate deficient transferrin in patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: G.A. Berlakovich, T. Soliman, E. Freundorfer, T. Windhager, M. Bodingbauer, P. Wamser, H. Hetz, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, F. Muehlbacher
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Guideline Stresses Aggressive Approaches to Reducing Risk of Recurrent Stroke
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Withdrawal of a Drug From the Market: What Should the Prescriber Do?
Authors: Dennis Ross-Degnan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the Editorial by Dr Goyan<sup>1</sup>accompanying our recent article.<sup>2</sup>He argues that reducing undesirable product substitutions following market withdrawal of an ineffective or unsafe drug may be "an appealing theoretical concept," but not of any practicable use. He contends that lack of a statutory mandate for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to consider substitution effects and the "practical difficulties of knowing what physicians would substitute for the drug" prevent the FDA from educating clinicians regarding optimal substitute drugs. This argument hinges on three questions: who has information on product substitutions, who could judge the desirability of those substitutions, and what could be done with such information? Certainly, pharmaceutical manufacturers possess commercially available data on the performance of individual products and their competitors as the basis for product marketing strategy. The FDA also uses such data routinely. Medicaid programs, other insurers,
Chronic constipation in long stay elderly patients: a comparison of lactulose and a senna-fibre combination.
Authors: A P Passmore, K Wilson-Davies, C Stoker, M E Scott
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To compare the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a senna-fibre combination and lactulose in treating constipation in long stay elderly patients.Randomised, double blind, cross over study.Four hospitals in Northern Ireland, one hospital in England, and two nursing homes in England.77 elderly patients with a history of chronic constipation in long term hospital or nursing home care.A senna-fibre combination (10 ml daily) or lactulose (15 ml twice daily) with matching placebo for two 14 day periods, with 3-5 days before and between treatments.Stool frequency, stool consistency, and ease of evacuation; deviation from recommended dose; daily dose and cost per stool; adverse effects.Mean daily bowel frequency was greater with the senna-fibre combination (0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 0.9) than lactulose (0.6, 0.5 to 0.7; t = 3.51 p < or = 0.001). Scores for stool consistency and ease of evacuation were significantly higher for the senna-fibre combination than for lactulose. The recommended dose was exceeded more frequently with lactulose than the senna-fibre combination (chi 2 = 8.38, p or = 0.01). As an index of the standard daily dose, the dose per stool was 1.52 for lactulose and 0.97 for the senna-fibre combination, at a cost per stool of 39.7p for lactulose and 10.3p for senna-fibre. Adverse effects were no different for the two treatments.Both treatments were effective and well tolerated for chronic constipation in long stay elderly patients. The senna-fibre combination was significantly more effective than lactulose at a lower cost.
What our advisory board can, and can’t, tell us
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Since the BMJ set up its editorial advisory board in 1997, a rolling cast of medicine’s finest has been on hand to support and challenge the journal (http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/about-bmj/editorial-advisory-board). Each year when we gather in London for the annual meeting, as we did last week, the personalities, expertise, and advice are subtly different. This year for the first time, the meeting included editors in chief of the BMJ ’s 26 sister journals (http://group.bmj.com/products/journals), bringing not only knowledge of their own discipline but an instinct for what journals can and can’t do.

The discussion was as inspiring and wide ranging as ever: the global …
Objective assessment of criteria for selection of donor lungs suitable for transplantation
Authors: A J Fisher
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Donor organ shortage severely limits lung transplantation as a therapeutic option, yet many potential donor lungs are deemed unsuitable by clinical selection criteria. <b>Methods:</b> Of 39 consecutive potential donor lungs, 14 were accepted and 25 excluded by clinical selection criteria. All were evaluated prospectively by clinical assessment, bronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to evaluate objectively the discrimination of pulmonary infection and injury. <b>Results:</b> Accepted donors were significantly younger than those excluded (mean (SD) age 36.7 (15.3) years <i>v</i> 49.5 (13.2) years; p = 0.009, unpaired <i>t</i> test) and were more likely to have suffered traumatic brain death (50% <i>v</i> 20%; p = 0.07, Fisher’s exact test). Oxygenation (Pao<sub>2</sub>:Fio<sub>2</sub>) was higher in accepted donors than in excluded donors (median (range) 63.2 (48–82.5) kPa <i>v</i> 43.1 (7.7–71.7) kPa; p = 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Positive formal BAL culture was more frequent in accepted donors (75%) than in those excluded (43%; p = 0.1, Fisher’s exact test). There was no significant difference in the percentage and concentration of neutrophils in BAL fluid between accepted and excluded donors (median (range) 37.9 (0–96.9)% and 44.6 (0–1190)×10<sup>3</sup>/ml <i>v</i> 36 (1–98.1)% and 46 (0.2–1457)×10<sup>3</sup>/ml), nor in the BAL fluid concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α (140 (0–340) pg/ml <i>v</i> 160 (0–760) pg/ml) or interleukin 8 (810 (33–17 600) pg/ml <i>v</i> 540 (0–15 110) pg/ml). <b>Conclusion:</b> Current selection criteria are poor discriminators of pulmonary injury and infection and lead to the exclusion of potentially usable donor lungs.
Factors affecting uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation.
Authors: J Li, B Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To study factors affecting uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation. DESIGN--Cohort study using data from computerised child health systems. SETTING--10 health districts in North East Thames and North West Thames regions. SUBJECTS--7841 children born in January to March 1990 and resident in the districts up till the end of October 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Overall uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation, variation of uptake among groups of children, and odds ratio of being vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella. RESULTS--The overall uptake rate of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation for the study cohort in the 10 districts was 82%. Wide variation was identified among children with different demographic characteristics. Lower uptake was associated with absent or incomplete primary immunisation, including omission of pertussis vaccine. Other factors affecting uptake included the type of resident district, birth order, where registered for immunisation (general practitioner or clinic), and one parent family status. CONCLUSIONS--Many districts have difficulties in meeting the 90% target for measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation, mainly because of the characteristics of their local population. To increase overall coverage, the health service should target families with adverse factors, especially those whose children have missed previous immunisations.
[713] CURCUMIN INHIBITS THE FIBROGENIC PROGRESSION OF MURINE STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: F. Vizzutti, A. Provenzano, S. Galastri, W. Delogu, S. Milani, E. Novo, E. Zamara, M. Parola, G. Laffi, M. Pinzani, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of Source of Dietary Carbohydrate on Plasma Glucose and Insulin Responses to Mixed Meals in Subjects With NIDDM
Authors: Ann M Coulston, Clarie B Hollenbeck, Arthur L M Swislocki, Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

It has been demonstrated that carbohydrate-rich foods result in different plasma glucose responses when eaten alone by normal subjects and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This study was designed to test if the glycemic response to mixed meals can be altered by selecting carbohydrate-rich foods based on their glycemic potency. Consequently, three test meals were developed that should have yielded high-, intermediate-, and low-glycemic responses based on the published glycemic index of all the carbohydrate foods in the meals. The test meals were consumed by normal individuals and patients with NIDDM, and the resultant plasma glucose and insulin responses were determined. The results indicated that the plasma glucose responses after the meals did not vary as a function of their glycemic potency in either the normal or NIDDM subjects. There were no significant differences in the plasma insulin responses for either group. These results indicate that the plasma glucose response to mixed meals did not vary as a function of the calculated glycemic potencies. Therefore, the glycemic response to a mixed meal was not predicted on the basis of the published values of the glycemic index of the individual carbohydrate foods included in the meal.
Radiation overdose in 200 patients leads to FDA safety notice
Authors: P. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Potentiation of spinal nociceptive transmission by synaptic delivery of AMPA receptors, via an NMDA receptor- and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent pathway, has been proposed to underlie certain forms of hyperalgesia, the enhanced pain sensitivity that may accompany inflammation or tissue injury. However, the specific synaptic populations that may be subject to such plasticity have not been identified. Using neuronal tracing and postembedding immunogold labeling, we show that a model of acute inflammatory hyperalgesia is associated with an elevated density of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors, as well as an increased synaptic ratio of GluR1 to GluR2/3 subunits, at synapses established by C-fibers that lack the neuropeptide substance P. A more subtle increase in GluR1 immunolabeling was noted at synapses formed by substance P-containing nociceptors. No changes in either GluR1 or GluR2/3 contents were observed at synapses formed by low-threshold mechanosensitive primary afferent fibers. These results contrast with our previous observations in the same pain model of increased and decreased levels of activated CaMKII at synapses formed by peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptive fibers, respectively, suggesting that the observed redistribution of AMPA receptor subunits does not depend on postsynaptic CaMKII activity. The present ultrastructural evidence of topographically specific, activity-dependent insertion of GluR1-containing AMPA receptors at a central synapse suggests that potentiation of nonpeptidergic C-fiber synapses by this mechanism contributes to inflammatory pain.