tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0380 Patterns of Osteoporosis Medication Dispensing for Older Australian Women From 2002 to 2010: Influences of Publications, Guidelines, Marketing Activities and Policy
Authors: G. Peeters, S. E. Tett, E. L. Duncan, G. D. Mishra, A. J. Dobson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Developments in anti-osteoporosis medications (AOM) have led to changes in guidelines and policy, which, along with media and marketing strategies, have had an impact upon the prescribing of AOM. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim was to examine patterns of AOM dispensing in older women (aged 76-81 years at baseline) from 2002 to 2010. <h3>Methods</h3> Administrative claims data were used to depict patterns of dispensing for each class of AOM in 4649 participants (born in 1921-1926 and still alive in 2011) in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. The patterns were interpreted in the context of changes in guidelines, indications for subsidy, publications (scholarly and general media), and marketing activities. <h3>Results</h3> Total use of AOM increased from 120 DDD/1000/day in 2002 to 212 DDD/1000/day in 2007, but then decreased to 182 DDD/1000/day in 2010. Alendronate was the most dispensed AOM but decreased from 2007, while use of risedronate (2002 onward), strontium ranelate (2007 onward) and zoledronic acid (2008 onward) increased. Etidronate and HRT prescriptions gradually decreased over time. The decline in alendronate dispensings coincided with increases of other bisphosphonates and publicity about potential adverse effects of bisphosphonates, despite relaxing indications for bone density testing and subsidy for AOM. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Overall dispense of AOM from 2002 reached a peak in 2008 and thereafter declined despite increases in therapeutic options and improved subsidized access. The recent decline in overall AOM dispensing in this group of older Australian women seems to be explained largely by negative publicity rather than specific changes in guidelines and policy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> G. Peeters: None Declared, S. Tett: None Declared, E. Duncan Grant/research support from: has received unrestricted educational grant support for fracture liaison services at Princess Alexandra Hospital (no personal return) from Sanofi-aventis, MSD, Servier and Novartis; has received support for travel for educational meetings from MSD, Sanofi-Aventis and Servier., Consultant for: received support for the Brisbane Bone Group (an educational meeting for Brisbane doctors and scientists, with no personal return) from Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, MSD, Novartis, Amgen, Lilly; has received honoraria for lectures from Sanofi Aventis, MSD, Novartis, Servier, Amgen; has received support for fracture liaison services at Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (no personal return) from Sanofi-aventis, G. Mishra: None Declared, A. Dobson: None Declared
Dysphagia Due to Unilateral Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Alex. T. Doig
Journal: BMJ (1936)

writer of the leading article in the Lancet of June 8th, 1935, who states that this disease is an acute infection, that recovery appears to depend on the spontaneous development of immunity to the infecting organisms, and that it is doubtful if local treatment shortens the duration of the attack.We are convinced that this disease is not an acute infective fever, but is merely a local subepithelial dermatitis, and that local treatment can abort it.We protest very strongly against the not only discouraging but totally erroneous dogma that fatal cases are doomed from the onset.Fatal cases are due to late diagnosis and inefficient treatment.
GMC introduces tighter regulation for some and a lighter touch for others
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council, the UK body which regulates the medical profession, has unveiled a new twin track approach to regulation that will provide tougher scrutiny of the “small minority” who present a threat to patients' safety while offering a “lighter touch” for most doctors.

The proposals, which were due to be considered at its meeting this week, are the latest in a series of measures aimed at avoiding a repeat of the Harold Shipman scandal, in which the family doctor was responsible for murdering more than a hundred of his patients.

Under the new strategy, all …
Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ralph L. Sacco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Although intracerebral hemorrhage is a less frequent cause of stroke than cerebral infarction, it is more often fatal. It is usually attributed to hypertensive small-vessel disease, and the most common sites of hemorrhage are the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and pons. Treatment is largely restricted to the control of hypertension and rehabilitation. In some patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, however, the hemorrhage is lobar in location, such as in the frontal, parietal, temporal, or occipital cortex, and such patients often do not have hypertension.1 This category of hemorrhage, referred to as lobar intracerebral hemorrhage, may represent a distinct pathogenetic subgroup.Cerebral amyloid . . .
1027-198 The effect of body weight change on arterial wall properties
Authors: Christos Papamichael, Georgia Vamvakou, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Paraskevi Katsichti, Ignatios Oikonomidis, Emmanouil Karatzis, Vasillos Sideris, John Lekakis, Myron Mayrikakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diseases of the Kidney
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

For eight long years the children of Homer Smith have been wandering, waiting for the second edition of Strauss and Welt, and now we are rewarded; but a few grains of sand are mixed with the milk and honey. This two-volume encylopedia of nephrology is relentlessly detailed and reads at times as though translated from German. Several new chapters on specific uremic problems, transplant, and chronic dialysis have been added, which is as it should be. Some of the old chapters, however, are not as they should be. For example, an unchanged description of ultrastructure in these days of molecular anatomy is a serious error of editorial judgment. The crucial and enigmatic question of glomerular pores deserves sophisticated discussion. Again, a modern chapter on renal roentgenography should describe new techniques of visualization, including the use of isotopes, for those problems which involve poor kidney function. Individual authors' quirks inevitably appear,
367 Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate a wide and ancient radiation of African hepatitis delta virus suggesting a deltavirus genus to be composed of at least seven major clades
Authors: N. Radjef, E. Gordien, V. Ivaniushina, P. Anais, T. Drugan, J.C. Trinchet, D. Roulot, M. Tamby, M.C. Milinkovitch, P. Deny
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Bullets retained within the heart: diagnosis and management in three cases.
Authors: L S Fragomeni, P C Azambuja
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Three cases of gunshot wounds of the chest are reported, in each of which a bullet was retained within the heart. Although it is rare, the surgeon should consider this possibility if the missile overlies the cardiac silhouette on the plain chest radiograph. Fluoroscopy played an important part in confirming the diagnosis. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all cases and provides operating circumstances that improve the prospects of success.
Beliefs in afterlife as a by-product of persistence judgments
Authors: George E. Newman, Sergey V. Blok, Lance J. Rips
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We agree that supernatural beliefs are pervasive. However, we propose a more general account rooted in how people trace ordinary objects over time. Tracking identity involves attending to the causal history of an object, a process that may implicate hidden mechanisms. We discuss experiments in which participants exhibit the same “supernatural” beliefs when reasoning about the fates of cups and automobiles as those exhibited by Bering's participants when reasoning about spirits.
How Long Is Long Enough? Extended Anticoagulation for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Jeffrey I. Zwicker, Kenneth A. Bauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.5184 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 29, 2014 PMID: 25267753 How Long Is Long Enough? Extended Anticoagulation for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis Jeffrey I. ZwickerxJeffrey I. ZwickerSearch for articles by this author , Kenneth A. BauerxKenneth A. BauerSearch for articles by this author Show More Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.5184 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Retinal Detachment After Cataract Removal
Authors: Dennis L. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section on March 25, 1983, "Retinal Detachment After Cataract Removal," the case report concerning the woman who underwent cataract surgery on the left eye, suffered a retinal detachment afterward, and is now considering what is to be done with the cataract developing in the right eye. We must disagree with Dr Hartstein's advice that the cataract could be removed by either an intracapsular or extracapsular route. There is no doubt in our minds from the experience of thousands of cataract extractions, both intracapsular and extracapsular, that the extracapsular extraction is much safer in protecting the eye from retinal complications, which include retinal detachment and macular edema. Planned extracapsular cataract extraction by manual technique is more easily performed in a person with a hard nucleus, as would be the case of someone in their 80s. When we are dealing with someone
The Corpuscles Meet the Virus Invaders
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This is an entertaining story of how a child catches a cold via a sneeze from a friend, through illness and on to recovery. The text and clever illustrations clearly delineate the steps of viral attachment, infection, and the immune response to fight the virus and thus restore health. Each of the white cells is a charming cartoon character who fights as part of the defense forces, each with a specific role. An awful lot of anatomy, physiology, immunology, and cell biology are included within the context of the story. This would be a great text for fifthand sixth-grade science classes. Lay parents will also learn a lot about the common cold by working through this charming book with their own children.
What is Good General Practice?
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Peter Toon Royal College of General Practitioners, pounds sterling11.50, pp 57 ISBN 0-85084-199-2

Tonight, listening to the Cleveland Quartet playing Mozart's String Quartet No 1 on instruments all made before the quartet's publication in Vienna in 1785, I wonder about the modern axiom that change is essential. Scientific and technological advance changes the means we use to achieve our ends; but how much should those ends—our aspirations and our purpose—change? Striving to adapt to constantly changing means, we risk losing sight of the ends.

Much has been …
Improved outcome following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia is associated with higher expression of BMI-1 and immune responses to BMI-1 protein
Authors: A S M Yong, N Stephens, G Weber, Y Li, B N Savani, R Eniafe, K Keyvanfar, R Kurlander, K Rezvani, A J Barrett
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Structure and neutrophil-activating properties of a novel inflammatory peptide (ENA-78) with homology to interleukin 8.
Authors: A Walz, R Burgener, B Car, M Baggiolini, S L Kunkel, R M Strieter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

A new neutrophil-activating peptide, termed ENA-78, was identified in the conditioned media of stimulated human type II epithelial cell line A549. In response to stimulation with either interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), ENA-78 was produced and secreted concomitantly with IL-8, GRO alpha, and GRO gamma. ENA-78 consists of 78 amino acids [sequence; see text] and has a molecular weight of 8,357. It has four cysteines positioned identically to those of IL-8 and analogues, and thus belongs to the CXC family of peptides. ENA-78 is related to neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) and GRO alpha (sequence identity, 53% and 52%, respectively) and IL-8 (22% identity). Like NAP-2 and GRO alpha, ENA-78 stimulates neutrophils, inducing chemotaxis, a rise in intracellular free calcium and exocytosis. Cross-desensitization experiments indicate that ENA-78 acts through the same type of receptors as IL-8, NAP-2, and GRO alpha.
Chlorpropamide-Induced Water Retention in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: MICHAEL GARCIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Two patients with diabetes mellitus who were treated with chlorpropamide developed a symptomatic clinical state of hyponatremia and water intoxication. Chemical abnormalities and symptoms were reversed when the drug was withdrawn. On water-loading tests both patients were shown to have an impaired water excretion when pretreated with chlorpropamide. Six patients with diabetes mellitus were given oral water loads, and all showed an impaired water diuresis with chlorpropamide. Similarly, 23 water-loaded normal subjects demonstrated impaired water excretion with chlorpropamide. In thirteen water-loaded normal subjects pretreated with tolazamide, however, no antidiuresis was demonstrated, and, in fact, this drug caused a significant diuresis. The studies indicate that chlorpropamide can cause impaired water diuresis in both normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. Since patients with diabetes mellitus may have an underlying inability to excrete water normally, chlorpropamide treatment may produce sufficient water retention to cause clinically severe hyponatremia and water intoxication. The drug may act by stimulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release, as well as by augmenting the effects of ADH on the renal tubule.
Reducing Choking Deaths in Children-Reply
Authors: Kopl Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —One of the tools of injury control<sup>1</sup>is the frequency-effectiveness diagram.<sup>2</sup>When we place the various possible interventions for preventing choking deaths in small children proposed by Dr Rimell and colleagues,<sup>3</sup>Mr Flynn, Dr Kerr, and us<sup>4</sup>on a frequency-effectiveness diagram (Figure), we quickly see the probable effectiveness of each proposed treatment. Although Kerr's proposal is not necessarily aimed at the hazards involved in choking deaths, it could prevent ingestions, at least among those affluent enough to purchase such a system and diligent enough to use it, and strikes us as useful. Flynn's suggestion of educational campaigns is likely to be of limited value in the solution of the problem of childhood choking deaths. Educational campaigns are not all the same. Those that measurably eliminate some purchases of a hazardous product, such as purchases of balloons by parents of children younger than 3 years,
A Comparison of Lipid and Glycemic Effects of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Ronald B. Goldberg, David M. Kendall, Mark A. Deeg, John B. Buse, Anthony J. Zagar, Jane A. Pinaire, Meng H. Tan, Mehmood A. Khan, Alfonso T. Perez, Scott J. Jacober
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In his commentary, Bell (1) presents specific criticisms of the head-to-head trial comparing the effects of rosiglitazone with pioglitazone on lipids and lipoproteins. Bell raises a concern over study recruitment (in particular the high rate of screen failures), the exclusion of patients on statin therapy, and the limited data supporting the role of hypertriglyceridemia in cardiovascular risk. By excluding patients on other glucose- and lipid-lowering medication, we were able to demonstrate that the two agents have different effects on each of the components of the lipid profile. In doing so, the differences observed could only be attributed to the active thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy. Targets for LDL cholesterol were lowered during the active …
Statins Enhance Formation of Phagocyte Extracellular Traps
Authors: Ohn A. Chow, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, A. Taylor Bright, Mary E. Hensler, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Anna L. Cogen, Richard L. Gallo, Marc Monestier, Yanming Wang, Christopher K. Glass, Victor Nizet
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Points: Anaesthesia and manpower proposals
Authors: M D Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 444) the treatment with adrenaline referred to in the 17th edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases for cerebral malaria dates from the days when quinine was the only drug used in the treat- ment of severe falciparum malaria before the days of 4'amino-quinolines.Its value was based on hearsay and practice in conditions away from laboratory facilities.After the war quinine was no longer used, but with the appearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria rapidly assumed its former value.The more modern assessments of the results of traditional treatments and the general use of quinine by intravenous infusion, which has removed the danger of hypotensive collapse, have led to a reassessment of the practice.
Sir William Osler's Philosophy on Death
Authors: Shigeaki Hinohara
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To understand Osler's philosophy of death, 52 major essays and lectures written by Sir William Osler while he was in the United States and Great Britain were reviewed.Other factors, such as the spiritual environment in which he was brought up, and personal experiences with deaths of family members, his teachers, close friends, and the many patients for whom he cared, help us to understand this renowned physician's philosophy on death and dying.
Pure, White and Deadly
Authors: J. T. Winkler
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Becoming a prophet in your own country can be difficult. So can becoming a medical classic in the BMJ . The travails of both are illuminated by John Yudkin and Pure, White and Deadly , his most famous and recently reissued book.

Despite its startling title, the work is a sober analysis of the health problems, especially heart disease, associated with sugar. Published in 1972, it seemed perfectly timed for rapid conversion from nutrition science into nutrition policy. Yudkin was then serving on the advisory panel on heart disease of the UK Department of Health’s Committee on the Medical …
Classification of Glycosuria from the Point of View of Insulin Treatment
Authors: P. J. Cammidge
Journal: BMJ (1927)

3 4.&* (51) Tt will lye seen th,.tJoslin's resnlts-T am very glad to re:ognlize it-are a little better thani minie.On the other h.atnd, hiis inyformation from his pativnts is in par-t niot so relent as miline; I hope that later informllationi will inot r.aise the-nuii-ber of Iris fatal cases.'I'lTat so maniy of our coma patients ale still living is very ceieditable to themu; the great ma.jority ai'e niuder observa- tion ini the out-tpatietet det artment, andr we know that thtey follow the advice given concerning diet very carefully.If we have &ksevveX4 some eredit for the result it is becALIse w'eA liatve used our influen1tce ini e(llcatilig theml, anid the putieatLs have miderstood that tt was lw-t Ptrr them to foffow our , advice.A short tiie ago Dr. de Jong, of Levden sent ]Im(e the figures of the nirta1ity frbiii dial)etes ini Hollanid dtin-ing recent years; lie ha.d receintly told ime thalt tlhere ia(d beenr a g-reat inierease in the mortalitv fromii this disease.The figuri-es, however, .show,whlien divide(d into ago groips)s, thlat the carve for the morPt.4ityfor1 all a(ges btetow 50 takes a q-ite iorizntzal conrs-e; fur the age p)eri.od50 to 64 afIs thie curve showis no veTy evident rise, hunt for the' ears after 64. the wrnuber of deaths frorn diabetes has increased durinilg the vears 1911 to 1926 about 200 ta 300 per celnt.It is quite evidenit that the eniormitus difference shown for the years 1911 to 1926 nuist be due to thte attentionl Iow given to diabetes an'd th-e development of a morLe accurtate di;agnosis as to tle cause of death in patientts dying at a late age.This is the otpinion that I have defenid(ed for mianiyyears toexplain.all those statistical differenees whichl al)pear to indicate that the disease is increasingt1 in frequency.CLAS1,IFICATION OF GLYCOSURIA FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF LNfSULIN TREATMENT.P. J. CAMMIDGE, M.D.M"osT observers, incudinig &Ranting (Nobel Lecture
Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Cancer — The Advent of the Era of Individualization
Authors: Masaki Kitajima, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Although esophageal carcinoma is a relatively uncommon cancer in Western countries, there has been a rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and increasing mortality due to that disease in the United States and several European countries.1 In particular, adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction, the distal esophagus, and the gastric cardia have all been increasing in incidence.The recent epidemiologic shift in esophageal carcinoma in Western countries from squamous-cell carcinoma associated with smoking and alcohol abuse to adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett's metaplasia might be attributed to the increasing incidence of obesity and obesity-induced chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease.2 Systematic screening for . . .
Utility of a combined test of anorectal manometry, electromyography, and sensation in determining the mechanism of 'idiopathic' faecal incontinence.
Authors: W M Sun, T C Donnelly, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1992)

Combined tests of anorectal manometry, sphincter electromyography and rectal sensation were carried out in 302 patients with faecal incontinence (235 women, 67 men). The results obtained were compared with 65 normal subjects (35 women, 30 men). A mechanism for incontinence was identified in all and the majority of patients had more than one abnormality. Two hundred and seventy eight patients (92%) had a weak external anal sphincter, 185 of these (67%, mostly women) also showed abnormal perineal descent, and 14 women showed clinical evidence of sphincter damage as a result of obstetric trauma. Ten per cent of patients with impaired external anal sphincter contraction showed associated evidence of spinal disease (impaired rectal sensation plus attenuated or enhanced reflex external anal sphincter activity). Unlike the other groups, the 'spinal' group contained equal numbers of men and women. Ninety seven patients (32%) had evidence of a weak internal anal sphincter. The external sphincter was also very weak and 92% of these patients also had perineal descent. Eighty two patients (27%) showed an unstable internal sphincter, characterised by prolonged 'spontaneous' anal relaxation under resting conditions and an abnormal reduction in anal pressure after conscious contraction of the sphincter or an increase in intraabdominal pressure. One hundred and forty two patients (47%) had a hypersensitive rectum associated with enhanced anorectal responses to rectal distension. All these patients had an abnormally weak external sphincter, suggesting that the hypersensitive or 'irritable' rectum should not be regarded as a cause of faecal incontinence unless accompanied by external sphincter weakness. Twenty four patients (8%) showed a normal basal and squeeze pressures and impaired rectal sensation; six showed giant rectal contractions during rectal distension. The results show that idiopathic faecal incontinence is not caused by a single abnormality, and it is suggested that combined anorectal manometry, electromyography, and sensory testing is a useful technique to identify the causes of faecal incontinence and provide a basis for appropriate treatment.