tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphological and electrophysiological correlates of atrioventricular nodal response to increased vagal activity.
Authors: S Imaizumi, T Mazgalev, L S Dreifus, E L Michelson, A Miyagawa, S Bharati, M Lev
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The mechanisms responsible for slowing cardiac impulse conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node are not well understood but include anatomical architecture, presence of cells with diverse electrophysiological characteristics, and modulation by autonomic nervous system. The present study was designed to determine the site of vagally induced slowing of conduction through the AV node. We attempted to correlate the electrophysiological response of AV nodal cells to postganglionic vagal stimulation applied in different regions of the node with the morphological findings and patterns of acetylcholinesterase-positive staining of nodal tissue. This multifaceted approach revealed that vagal stimulation produced localized hyperpolarization of the cells from the N region of the AV node, which correlated with the strong acetylcholinesterase positive staining of the central nodal area. In contrast, the density of the acetylcholinesterase staining decreased toward both the AN and His bundle regions, whereas vagal stimulation had a negligible effect on the cells from these regions. These results suggest that vagal-induced depression of AV nodal conduction is produced by release of acetylcholine predominantly around the midnodal region and the depressive action of acetylcholine is concentrated on the cells occupying the same region (i.e., the N cells). Thus, there appears to be a close juxtaposition of nerve elements and effector cells in the midnodal region of the AV node. This unique combination of available neuromediator and responding cells with hyperpolarization and depressed action potential determines the midnodal region as the focus of vagal effect on AV nodal conduction.
Consultants' Salaries — Hospital Rivalry — Nursing Problems
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ALTHOUGH the general practitioners had a considerable increase in their capitation fees last year there has not yet been any increase in the remuneration of hospital medical staff. The delay in negotiations has resulted in a gathering crescendo of protest from consultants and specialists. Furthermore, the correspondence in the medical journals has shown considerable disunity between consultants employed part time and those employed full time in the National Health Service, the total number of consultants in England and Wales being 6250, of whom 1800 have full-time contracts.The splitting of the profession into groups with differing interests has been one . . .
Peter Frederick James Bunting
Authors: J. Ford
Journal: BMJ (2002)

With his outstanding academic record Donald Crowther should have been a consultant physician, possibly at his teaching hospital.Instead, he became one of the finest desk editors of the 20th century, though only by overcoming adversities-a brother's high profile career, his position in a power struggle between the fiery editor of the BMJ and the BMA, and the development in middle life of a severe depressive illness.Journalism ran through Donald's family.
Abstract 3088: Essential roles of ATM in GM-CSF-induced bone marrow differentiation to dendritic cells
Authors: Eui Young So, Toru Ouchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) encodes 370-kD protein, belonging to a family of PI-3 protein kinases (PIKKs). ATM has been implicated in cellular responses under conditions of DNA damage that causes DNA lesions, playing crucial roles in activating DNA repair machinery and cell-cycle checkpoints. Recent studies have also illustrated that ATM regulates cellular growth, development, and stem cell renewal. Although mice model has demonstrated that ATM deficiency results in both multiple defects in DNA repair in response to ionizing radiation and severe developmental abnormality in T/B cells development as well as weight-loss, it remains unclear whether ATM is involved in development of other cell lineage. We found that levels of ATM are significantly low in primary bone marrow cells (BMs), and that they are increased when BMs’ are differentiated to dendritic cells (DCs) when stimulated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF. BMs derived from ATM mice (ATM-/- BMs) demonstrate decreased cell proliferation, and their differentiation to DCs is markedly impaired, suggesting that ATM is essential for development of DCs. ATM-deficiency is also associated with a decreased capability of BMs to activate T cells. We also found that an ATM specific inhibitor, KU-55933, abrogated GM-CSF-induced DCs development in BMs cell culture. ATM-deficiency in BMs also resulted in reduced expression of Akt compared with control cells, and inhibited Ser493 phosphorylation of Akt by GM-CSF. Levels of expression and phosphorylation of STAT5 were differentially regulated in ATM-/- BMs, and ectopic expression of STAT5 restored DCs differentiation of ATM-/- BMs. Together, our findings reveal that ATM plays a physiological role in BMs’ differentiation to DCs by regulating Akt/STAT5 pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3088. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3088
Case 52-1967
Authors: David C. Poskanzer, William C. Schoene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation Of CaseA fifty-four-year-old man was brought to the hospital because of an episode of shaking.He had been well except for the presence of multiple neurofibromatosis since the age of fourteen years. One week before admission a relative noticed that he seemed slightly confused. On the next day the patient drove his car into a parked vehicle but apparently sustained no injury. Four days before entry the relative again thought that he was confused. On the day of admission the patient was found lying on the floor of his apartment; he was tremulous and appeared confused. He denied . . .
A Party Before Dying
Authors: Chris Sankey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

On Being a Doctor16 March 2010A Party Before DyingChris Sankey, MDChris Sankey, MDFrom Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I met Joe the way I meet all of my patients: His name appeared on my daily hospitalist list. He was an intensive care unit transfer, recovering from hypercarbic respiratory failure related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and deconditioning after recent aortic valve surgery.Joe was 80 years old, very pleasant, and thin. He and his wife were looking forward to transferring to a rehabilitation facility and ultimately going home. But this was not to be. Over the next month, multiple complications—aspiration pneumonia, recurrent heart failure, poor nutrition, worsening deconditioning—culminated in repeated episodes of respiratory failure. Joe ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510.Corresponding Author: Chris Sankey, MD, Yale-New Haven Hospital, 20 York Street, CB2041, New Haven, CT 06510; e-mail, christopher.[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 March 2010Volume 152, Issue 6Page: 402KeywordsBeerFoodHeart failureIntensive care unitsNursesPneumoniaRespiratory failureTracheostomyVentilatorsWheelchairs ePublished: 16 March 2010 Issue Published: 16 March 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Water and carbon dioxide – turning back the clock to unsedated colonoscopy
Authors: Joseph Anderson, Heiko Pohl
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

In recent years, we have seen a shift from moderate sedation toward deep sedation, even for routine procedures such as screening and surveillance colonoscopies [1]. Sedation may minimize discomfort and allow an examination that is not compromised by patient movements. However, sedation also increases risk, is expensive, and requires a greater time commitment from the patient and the endoscopy team (including time for preprocedural evaluation and post-sedation care). In addition, a patient escort is needed.
ORGANIZATION A NECESSITY FOR PROFESSIONAL PROGRESS.President's address,delivered before the Michigan State Medical Society at its annual meeting, held in Lansing, Mich., May 3-4,1894.
Authors: EUGENE BOISE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

That professional progress, or the advancement of the interests and reputation of the science of medicine is to be desired, we all admit, but how it shall be attained is a problem that has not yet met with a satisfactory solution. It is evident that it must be along certain lines, prominent in which are a higher standard of education, and a higher standard of professional morals, as well as advancement in therapeutic resources. At present the title, "Doctor in Medicine," in this country does not indicate any degree of literary or scientific excellence in the holder. It does not necessarily mean that he is one whose fitness to care for the physical trials and sufferings of his fellowman has been passed upon and established by a body of competent examiners, but that he is one who has either assumed to himself the title, or one to whom it has
PTH-001 A National Survey of Local Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Services in the UK; A Highly Variable Approach?
Authors: K J Monahan, S K Clark
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The identification of inherited gastrointestinal disease provides an opportunity to prevent colorectal cancer. Heritable factors contribute about 35% of all colorectal cancer risk which has a significant impact on clinical activity in centres managing colorectal cancer. The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), released updated guidelines in 2010 for the management of patients with a family history of colorectal cancer. There is evidence that adherence to these guidelines is highly variable both for endoscopic screening and testing individuals for inherited conditions such as Lynch Syndrome and the Polyposis Syndromes. The aim of this survey was therefore to facilitate understanding of how services for patients with inherited colorectal cancer risk can be improved, and to raise awareness of this issue amongst clinicians. <h3>Methods</h3> Following consultation within the BSG Cancer Group, UK Gastroenterologists, Colorectal Surgeons, Clinical and Medical Oncologists were invited to complete a short 10 point questionnaire. This was cascaded by email to 1,793 members of the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR), Association of Cancer Physicians (ACP), the BSG and ACPGBI. We sought their opinion and perception of local hereditary colorectal cancer services, also their adherence to and understanding of current national guidelines. <h3>Results</h3> Three hundred and eighty-two members responded to the survey, an overall response rate of 21.3%. Although 69% of respondents felt there was an adequate service for these patients, 64% also believed that another clinician was undertaking this work. There was no apparent patient pathway in 52% of centres, and only 33% maintain a register of these patients. Patients rarely receive initial tumour block testing for Lynch Syndrome. When asked what they would like to augment the service they receive many respondents requested ‘clear guidelines’, ‘pathways’ and dedicated support networks. Many appeared to be unaware of the BSG/ACPGBI guidelines for the management of these patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was wide variability in practise and in pathways for hereditary colorectal cancer patients with a perception that they should be managed by another unspecified clinician. BSG/ACPGBI National Guidelines are not adhered to, therefore we recommend improved education, well defined pathways and audit in order to improve care of patients with hereditary colorectal cancer risk. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
The Legitimacy of Neurasthenia-Reply
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Trautman and Ms Vielma are quite right to point out that depression has become a widely used diagnostic label nowadays for people experiencing life on a plane lower than normal, and I appreciate their emendations on the term. The attribution of nervous diseases to people in the upper social ranks has had a tradition in the West that stretches back to the Renaissance, if not earlier, and I think Beard and Love were merely tapping into that. Courtiers and scholars in the 16th and 17th centuries, for instance, were thought to be especially subject to nervous complaints. Laborers and yeoman, on the other hand, were considered by physicians and the educated laity to be less subject to affective distempers because of their simple diet and comparatively coarse bodily fabric. This bodily architectonic in turn rested on Platonic teachings that privileged the head and nerves (and rationality) over
Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: Lisa M McNally, Prakash M Jeena, Kavitha Gajee, Stanley A Thula, A Willem Sturm, Sharon Cassol, Andrew M Tomkins, Hoosen M Coovadia, David Goldblatt
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Visualization of post-ischemic free radicals formation in livers isolated from rats chronically exposed to ethanol
Authors: A Gasbarrini, G. Addolorato, M Simoncini, P Pasini, B Nardo, F. Franceschi, A. De Luca, G. Vagni, E Roda, P Pola, M Bernardi, A Roda, G. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
The Captopril Glomerular Filtration Rate Renogram in Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: C S WILCOX, T B SMITH, E D FREDERICKSON, C D WINGO, M I PHILLIPS, C M WILLIAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Administration of captopril to animals with two-kidney, one clip, renovascular hypertension (RH) lowers the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the clipped kidney. The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that a decrease in GFR after captopril administration would identify patients with RH. Total GFR was measured by the plasma disappearance of Tc-99mdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) after bolus injection and single-kidney GFR from renal uptake of DTPA assessed by renography. The authors studied six patients with arteriosclerotic RH who had strongly lateralizing renal vein renin levels and greater than 80% stenosis of the renal artery to that kidney. Results were contrasted with those of six patients with essential hypertension (EH) with a similar mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Captopril (50 mg orally) increased total GFR (ml/min) in all patients with EH (102 ± 8 to 120 ± 12, P < 0.005). However, GFR decreased in patients with RH (73 ± 8 to 61 ± 9, P< 0.05) after captopril. Although the single-kidney GFR of patients with RH decreased in all six stenotic kidneys (27 ± 4 to 21 ± 5, P < 0.02), it did not change consistently in the contralateral kidneys (45 ±8 to 40 ± 6, N.S.). Clonidine (0.3 mg) also lowered MABP in patients with RH but, unlike captopril, it did not reduce total kidney GFR (75 ± 10 to 79 ± 11, N.S.). In conclusion, short-term captopril administration increases GFR in patients with EH, but decreases it in those with RH. This action is unrelated to its depressor response. Thus, captopril-induced changes in GFR may separate patients with RH from those with EH. However, changes in the DTPA renogram are not reliable for discriminating between stenotic and contralateral kidneys.
Experiences with Radioactive Colloidal Gold in the Treatment of Pleural Effusion Caused by Metastatic Cancer of the Breast
Authors: Thomas W. Botsford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

PLEURAL effusion is a common occurrence in disseminated cancer of the breast. Ultmann1 states that in approximately half the patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, a pleural effusion develops in the course of the disease. In the majority of the patients it is not the sole manifestation of the disease; nevertheless, it is a distressing and disabling event. Symptomatic relief by methods other than frequently repeated thoracentesis is desirable. Various modalities to obtain this goal have included repeated thoracentesis, radiotherapy, radioactive isotopes (Au198, CrP32O4, Y90) alkylating agents (nitrogen mustard, thio-TEPA, TEM), talc poudrage, quinacrine, . . .
Menopausal status and hepatic steatosis in a general female population
Authors: H. Volzke, S. Schwarz, S. E Baumeister, H. Wallaschofski, C. Schwahn, H. Jorgen Grabe, T. Kohlmann, U. John, M. Doren
Journal: Gut (2007)

Population-based studies showed that non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is less common in women than in men. Anti-oestrogens double the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,1 which may be interpreted as indirect evidence for a protective role of endogenous oestrogens against steatohepatitis. Experimental evidence further suggests that oestradiol causes a reduction of hepatic steatosis in mice unable to produce oestrogens.2 We thus hypothesised that the menopause as a natural state of oestrogen deficiency might increase the risk of hepatic steatosis.

The Study of Health in Pomerania is a cross-sectional population-based survey in northeast Germany.3 We restricted our analyses to 808 women aged 40–59 years without seropositivity to hepatitis B antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Greifswald. All participants gave written informed consent.

Menopause was defined as 12 consecutive months of amenorrhoea or cessation of menstruation after iatrogenic intervention. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate …
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as predominant liver disease: A report of three cases
Authors: Philippe Gaulard, Elie Serge Zafrani, Philippe Mavier, Francisco Dario Rocha, Jean-Pierre Farcet, Marine Divine, Corinne Haioun, Yvon Pinaudeau
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Three cases of a peculiar form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as predominant hepatic disease with splenomegaly are reported. The three patients had marked liver enlargement without lymphadenopathy; white blood cell count was normal, and modifications of hepatic tests were mild. In the three cases, the diagnosis of the lymphoma was mainly based on the results of hepatic morphological changes. Liver involvement was histologically characterized by a predominantly sinusoidal infiltration by tumor cells in the three cases, associated with perisinusoidal fibrosis in two of them; portal infiltration was noted in two patients. Immunopathological study showed that tumor cells were T-lymphoid cells that were different from normal T-lymphocytes by the lack of expression of one T-cell membrane antigen, i.e., Leu-1. These findings suggest that a distinct clinical, pathological and immunopathological entity might be individualized within the large group of T-cell lymphomas.
Immunological, virological and clinical long-term follow-up after interferon therapy of acute hepatitis C infection
Authors: J. Wiegand, H.L. Tillmann, E. Jackel, M. Cornberg, M. Dietrich, H. Hinrichsen, W.P. Fritsch, J. Kroger, N. Aslan, A. Kubitschke, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Glioma-Associated Cytomegalovirus Mediates Subversion of the Monocyte Lineage to a Tumor Propagating Phenotype
Authors: Kristine Dziurzynski, Jun Wei, Wei Qiao, Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu, Ling-Yuan Kong, Adam Wu, Yongtao Wang, Daniel Cahill, Nicholas Levine, Sujit Prabhu, Ganesh Rao, Raymond Sawaya, Amy B. Heimberger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been ubiquitously detected within high-grade gliomas, but its role in gliomagenesis has not been fully elicited.Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine CMV antigen expression within various glioma-associated immune populations. The glioma cancer stem cell (gCSC) CMV interleukin (IL)-10 production was determined by ELISA. Human monocytes were stimulated with recombinant CMV IL-10 and levels of expression of p-STAT3, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), TGF-β, viral IE1, and pp65 were determined by flow cytometry. The influence of CMV IL-10-treated monocytes on gCSC biology was ascertained by functional assays.CMV showed a tropism for macrophages (MΦ)/microglia and CD133+ gCSCs within GBMs. The gCSCs produce CMV IL-10, which induces human monocytes (the precursor to the central nervous system MΦs/microglia) to assume an M2 immunosuppressive phenotype (as manifested by downmodulation of the major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules) while upregulating immunoinhibitory B7-H1. CMV IL-10 also induces expression of viral IE1, a modulator of viral replication and transcription in the monocytes. Finally, the CMV IL-10-treated monocytes produced angiogenic VEGF, immunosuppressive TGF-β, and enhanced migration of gCSCs.CMV triggers a feedforward mechanism of gliomagenesis by inducing tumor-supportive monocytes.
POPULATION-BASED TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGERY AND INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES FROM 1997 THROUGH 2009 IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Darryl Gray, Kamal Pourmoghadam, Alan Hsu, Vivian Dicks, Jeffrey Jacobs, Claudia Steiner, Marshall Jacobs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A new method for the direct estimation of blood oxygen content
Authors: L. ADAMS, P. COLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article A new method for the direct estimation of blood oxygen content Get access LEWIS ADAMS, LEWIS ADAMS From the Anaesthetics Research Laboratory, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PETER COLE PETER COLE From the Anaesthetics Research Laboratory, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 3, May 1975, Pages 443–446, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.3.443 Published: 01 May 1975