tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choice of Psychotropic Drugs
Authors: Ronald Pies
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  I would like to clarify a statement in my previous letter, in which I described the anxiolytic alprazolam (Xanax) as exceptional. 1 I meant to convey that, unlike conventional antianxiety agents, alprazolam seems to have antidepressant properties. 2 Indeed, its use in anxious, depressed patients may be accompanied by neuroendocrine changes suggestive of recovery from depression. 3
Tumour necrosis factor is expressed in refractory skin lesions from patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: S Zampieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate whether tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is expressed in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) skin lesions. <b>Methods:</b> The in situ expression of TNFα in refractory lesional and non-lesional skin biopsy specimens from patients with SCLE was analysed using an immunohistochemical approach. At the time of biopsy these patients were receiving treatment with systemic medications such as antimalarial agents, immunosuppressive drugs, and thalidomide. Expression of TNFα was also evaluated in cutaneous lesions of patients with other inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases as controls. <b>Results:</b> The data showed that refractory lesional skin tissue from patients with SCLE displays a strongly positive distribution of TNFα, particularly within the epidermis. No prominent staining was seen in non-lesional skin from the same group of patients or in cutaneous lesions from the control group. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that TNFα is localised and produced by epidermal cells within SCLE skin lesions and support its potential role in the pathogenesis of SCLE. The tissue localisation of TNFα may represent a potential therapeutic target providing a new perspective in the treatment of refractory skin lesions in patients with SCLE.
The Rhesus and MN Blood Groups and Disease-Reply
Authors: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Mistakes in blood grouping are an unlikely explanation for the excess of MN individuals in either the control or the patient groups. All of the typings were performed at random by 1 technician, using commercial, high titer, standardized, specific, rabbit antisera. The cells are promptly agglutinated by the proper antisera, which is readily noted on inspection of the tube containing the cells and antisera. Some of the more plausible explanations for the unexpected high MN frequencies observed in this study have been suggested by Morton and Chung (<i>Amer J Hum Genet</i><b>11</b>:237-251 [Sept.] 1959). If Dr. Wiener's contention is granted, since groupings were done at random both for controls and patients, no explanation is provided for the discrepancies between the controls and the rheumatic fever patients, and the agreement in the MN frequencies of the controls with those of duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and
THE BLOOD PLATELETS IN PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. A study was made of the behavior of the blood platelets during the course of pneumonia in man, as also in several rabbits experimentally infected with pneumococci. 2. The number of platelets begins to diminish after the infection has become established. A thrombopenia occurs during the febrile period. Immediately following the onset of the crisis in lobar pneumonia or after the temperature begins to fall by lysis, the platelets begin gradually to increase in number. In the postfebrile period, the platelet count increases until the normal number is greatly exceeded, and there is a return to the normal number only after about 2 weeks. 3. Sequelae, characterized by fever, following pneumonia are accompanied by a renewed diminution in the number of platelets. After subsidence of the temperature their number usually increases until the normal is again exceeded. 4. The platelets in general are smaller and contain more granules during the thrombopenic stage of pneumonia. 5. Intravenous injection of antipneumococcus serum during pneumonia ordinarily produces no variation in the number of platelets.
Abstract 5556: Role of the aberrant intracellular iron metabolism in rat liver carcinogenesis
Authors: Svitlana I. Shpyleva, Levan Muskhelishvili, Volodymyr Tryndyak, Frederick A. Beland, Igor Pogribny
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Intracellular iron homeostasis in normal cells is tightly regulated by the coordination of several proteins that are responsible for the uptake, intracellular storage, and removal of iron from cells. Cancer cells, including liver cancer cells, are characterized by profound abberations in intracellular iron metabolism. Dysregulated iron homeostasis has been found not only in rodent and human hepatocellular carcinomas, but also in several preneoplastic pathological states associated with liver cancer development; however, the precise mechanistic role of iron metabolic disturbances in the initiation and early progression of liver carcinogenesis has remained unexplored. In the present study, using an in vivo model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene, we found extensive alterations in cellular iron metabolism at preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis characterized by a substantial decrease in the levels of cytoplasmic non-heme iron in initiated hepatocytes and altered expression of the major genes responsible for the proper maintenance of accurate intracellular homeostasis. Specifically, analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed prominent up-regulation of the ferroportin (Fpn) gene and down-regulation of the hepcidin (Hamp) gene in the preneoplastic livers. This indicates that the decreased intracellular levels of non-heme iron in preneoplastic foci may be attributed to increased iron export from the cells driven by the loss of an inhibitory effect of hepcidin on Fpn. This suggestion is supported by a substantial up-regulation of Fpn (3-fold) compared to transferrin receptor (Tfrc) gene, (1.6 fold), the latter of which is responsible for the iron intake into cell. These data indicate that in preneoplastic livers there is a disruption in the balance of regulatory networks controlling cellular iron uptake and export. Interestingly, we detected similar gene expression changes in initiated preneoplastic liver cells that were transformed by culturing of non-tumorigenic TRL-1215 rat liver cells in the presence of iron. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the significance of altered intracellular iron metabolism in the progression of liver carcinogenesis and suggest that correction of these alterations may affect liver cancer development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5556. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5556
THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIBODY
Authors: Mogens Bjørneboe, Edward E. Fischel, Herbert C. Stoerk
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and of cortisone was found to result in a reduction in the concentration of antipneumococcal antibody in the circulation of rabbits. This reduction occurred both when the hormones were administered at the beginning of immunization and after immunization was well advanced. Marked atrophic changes in lymphoid tissue and a diminution in the number of various types of mononuclear cells followed upon the hormone administration. The possible bearing of these observations on theories concerning the sites of antibody production is discussed.
Asthma at 6 Yrs is Not Associated with Overweight Status or Pro-Inflammatory Markers in a High-Risk-for-Asthma Birth Cohort
Authors: S.L. Friedlander, K.A. Roberg, M.D. Evans, R.E. Gangnon, Z. Zhang, H.J. Lai, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Adenosine A2A Receptors Intrinsically Regulate CD8+ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Caglar Cekic, Joel Linden
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) blockade enhances innate and adaptive immune responses. However, mouse genetic studies have shown that A(2A)R deletion does not inhibit the growth of all tumor types. In the current study, we showed that growth rates for ectopic melanoma and bladder tumors are increased in Adora2a(-/-) mice within 2 weeks of tumor inoculation. A(2A)R deletion in the host reduced numbers of CD8(+) T cells and effector-memory differentiation of all T cells. To examine intrinsic functions in T cells, we generated mice harboring a T-cell-specific deletion of A(2A)R. In this host strain, tumor-bearing mice displayed increased growth of ectopic melanomas, decreased numbers of tumor-associated T cells, reduced effector-memory differentiation, and reduced antiapoptotic IL7Rα (CD127) expression on antigen-experienced cells. Intratumoral pharmacologic blockade similarly reduced CD8(+) T-cell density within tumors in wild-type hosts. We found that A(2A)R-proficient CD8(+) T cells specific for melanoma cells displayed a relative survival advantage in tumors. Thus, abrogating A(2A)R signaling appeared to reduce IL7R expression, survival, and differentiation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. One implication of these results is that the antitumor effects of A(2A)R blockade that can be mediated by activation of cytotoxic T cells may be overcome in some tumor microenvironments as a result of impaired T-cell maintenance and effector-memory differentiation. Thus, our findings imply that the efficacious application of A(2A)R inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy may require careful dose optimization to prevent activation-induced T-cell death in tumors.
Management of spasticity in the face of multimorbidity
Authors: N. Akporehwe, K. Akporehwe, R. Purkayastha
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The clinical review on managing spasticity in adults is important for both primary and secondary care clinicians.1 Most patients with troublesome spasticity from conditions such as stroke and multiple sclerosis have other associated long term conditions. Multimorbidity is now the norm in clinical practice,2 including neurological rehabilitation, geriatrics, and primary care.

The management of spasticity should therefore take associated long …
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: definition, classification, and prognostic factors: an EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Group Study of 83 cases
Authors: Rein Willemze, Patty M. Jansen, Lorenzo Cerroni, Emilio Berti, Marco Santucci, Chalid Assaf, Marijke R. Canninga-van Dijk, Agnes Carlotti, Marie-Louise Geerts, Sonja Hahtola, Michael Hummel, Leila Jeskanen, Werner Kempf, Cesare Massone, Pablo L. Ortiz-Romero, Marco Paulli, Tony Petrella, Annamari Ranki, José L. Rodriguez Peralto, Alistair Robson, Nancy J. Senff, Maarten H. Vermeer, Janine Wechsler, Sean Whittaker, Chris J. L. M. Meijer
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 4143: Relationship of Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, or Neither Condition with Survival in Patients with a New Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: John L Petersen, Wael Al-Jaroudi, Eric Yow, Linda K Shaw, Abhinav Goyal, Darren K McGuire, Eric D Peterson, Robert A Harrington
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The effect of MS on survival in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not we...
A Multi-institutional Prospective Trial in the USA Confirms that the 4Kscore Accurately Identifies Men with High-grade Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dipen J. Parekh, Sanoj Punnen, Daniel D. Sjoberg, Scott W. Asroff, James L. Bailen, James S. Cochran, Raoul Concepcion, Richard D. David, Kenneth B. Deck, Igor Dumbadze, Michael Gambla, Michael S. Grable, Ralph J. Henderson, Lawrence Karsh, Evan B. Krisch, Timothy D. Langford, Daniel W. Lin, Shawn M. McGee, John J. Munoz, Christopher M. Pieczonka, Kimberley Rieger-Christ, Daniel R. Saltzstein, John W. Scott, Neal D. Shore, Paul R. Sieber, Todd M. Waldmann, Fredrick N. Wolk, Stephen M. Zappala
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Harrison J. Alter
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Osmotic flows across the blood-joint barrier.
Authors: J R Levick, A D Knight
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The effective osmotic pressure across the blood-joint barrier is a key factor controlling synovial fluid volume and joint effusions. The effect of plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) on trans-synovial flow was studied directly in rabbit knees expanded by intra-articular fluid infusion. The synovial microcirculation was perfused with blood of varying COP. Absorption of fluid from the joint cavity was a linear function of COP; but albumin COP was only 78% effective across the blood-joint interface. Hyperosmolar solutions of small solutes (e.g., glucose) generated transient osmotic flows across the blood-joint barrier, but far less effectively than albumin. The hydraulic permeability of synovium increased at pathological intra-articular pressures--a phenomenon of potential importance to effusion kinetics.
Traumatic Dislocation of the Hip
Authors: Charles A. Pietrafesa
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Traumatic dislocation of the hip (TDH) is an absolute orthopedic emergency that is increasing steadily in incidence. Sixty-two to ninety-three percent of reported cases were the result of high-speed motor vehicle accidents in which seat belts were not used. Post-TDH complications and morbidity, particularly femoral head necrosis, are related to the severity of injury, skeletal maturity, and duration of dislocation. Prompt, gentle reduction within 12 hours remains the cornerstone of successful therapy. In a variety of other clinical conditions, TDH may be masked, and specific appropriate evaluation is thus necessary to detect the occasionally occult TDH. The regular use of seat belts would virtually eliminate this injury. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3342-3346)
Methylene Blue Dye Spraying Method in Patients with Ulcerative Proctitis: A Comparative Study with Morphological Findings and Functional Capacity of the Rectal Epithelium
Authors: F. Baldi, G. di Febo, G. Biasco, G. Gizzi, F. Ferrarini, G. Milazzo, L. Barbara
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

Methylene Blue dye spraying method is currently used in the endoscopic assessment of the colonic mucosa of patients with chronic ulcerative proctocolitis. We have assessed the validity of this method in the evaluation of the functional capacity of the rectal mucosa in 17 patients with ulcerative proctitis and in 5 normal subjects. The ionic transmucosal fluxes of Na+ and K+ and the potential difference were used as parameters of the mucosal function. Our results indicate that methylene blue dye spraying method can be useful in the functional assessment of the rectal epithelium, especially for differentiating normal subjects and patients with mild ulcerative proctitis.
Complex Partial Seizures vs Schizophrenia
Authors: Richard L. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Adebimpe's article "Complex Partial Seizures Simulating Schizophrenia" (237:1339-1341, 1977). After thinking further about this case report, I suggest that his article might just have well been entitled "Schizophrenia Simulating Complex Partial Seizures." While much of the patient's story is admittedly not wholly typical of schizophrenia, neither is it typical for the usual case of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), now designated "complex partial seizures." In the more usual case of TLE, the symptomatology is not so "complex" as the name might imply; while there may be bizarre psychic symptoms, the movements are usually quite stereotyped and repetitive and never goal-directed. The episodes are usually brief, and temporal lobe or "psychomotor status" (to which the article refers) is<i>extremely</i>rare. Even though numerous normal or artefact-ladden EEGs were mentioned, the author never states whether sleep recordings were performed. After all, sleep is quite effective in
Radiology of the esophagus
Authors: D A W Edwards
Journal: Gut (1990)

cirrhosis, and the role of copper in the liver.This book is one of a series aimed at updating paediatricians in rapidly advancing areas, and this it does admirably.The book is well laid out, with short chapters and many sub-headings which makes it very easy to find one's way around.Dr Tanner's great strength lies in his clear understanding and explanation of the many biochemical disorders that are central to childhood liver
Health ministers may call for appraisal of unlicensed cancer drug for eye treatment
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health ministers in England are considering calling for a full technical appraisal of a cancer drug to treat eye conditions, even though it is unlicensed for the indication.

Bevacizumab (Avastin) has been widely used in the US and the UK to treat the wet form of age related macular degeneration, despite its lack of a licence, because it is much cheaper than the licensed product ranibizumab (Lucentis). Both were originally developed by Genentech, part of Roche, and ranibizumab has been approved for NHS use by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Both share a common mode of action, inhibiting blood vessel growth.

Bevacizumab is around 15 times cheaper than ranibizumab, if it is bought as a cancer drug and then split into many separate doses …
Active Immunotherapy Used Alone for Maintenance of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: C. B. Freeman, R. Harris, C. G. Geary, M. J. Leyland, J. E. MaCiver, I. W. Delamore
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A total of 32 patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia were initially treated with daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside, and eight who achieved full remission were given a brief cytoreduction course of cyclophosphamide and thioguanine. Of these eight patients seven were then actively immunized with 10 irradiated allogeneic acute myeloid leukaemia cells and B.C.G. at weekly intervals. Six of these patients have survived in apparent good health for more than one year. Bone marrow changes suggestive of relapse were used as an indication for further short courses of chemotherapy, and except on single occasions in two different patients clinical relapse has been prevented. The average duration of first (bone marrow) remission appears to be comparable with the best achieved in trials using regular chemotherapy for maintenance, though criteria for determining relapse may be different. The rate of reinduction of remissions (bone marrow) in this series was high, with a subsequent increase in overall survival time. Possible explanations for the high rate of reinduction include, firstly, the effects of active immunization with specific leukaemia antigen; secondly, non-specific adjuvant effect; thirdly, avoidance of drug resistance; and, fourthly, early diagnosis of relapse by frequent bone marrow examinations.
Adenocarcinoma Arising in an Excluded Loop of Ileum
Authors: Bernard M. Schuman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ADENOCARCINOMA complicating regional enteritis was first reported in 1956 by Ginzburg et al.1 Since that time there have been scattered case reports, but because carcinomas of the jejunum and ileum constitute less than 1 per cent of all tumors of the gastrointestinal tract a few cases have importance.Case ReportF.P. (H.F.H. 058–12–52–5), a 35-year-old man, was first seen at the Henry Ford Hospital in 1949 because of chronic psoriasis. Nine years previously he had been treated at another hospital for "chronic ulcerative colitis," but since that time his bowel condition had been quiescent. In 1962 he had noted cramping . . .
The Dangerous Cold: Its Cures and Complications
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Communication of medical information to the layman is an art. Fabricant and Conklin fortunately have something of the artist in them. Their "dangerous cold" is painted for popular consumption in opaque medical pigments. In a book written jointly by a laryngologist and a professional writer, some obvious puns and exclamation points are inevitable but do not get out of hand. Half of the volume describes many of the upper respiratory complications related to the common cold, and freely discusses symptoms of the common diseases of sinuses, tonsils, and larynx. In one chapter allergies and their place in upper respiratory infection are placed in proper relation. In another chapter, on coughing, each symptom of nasopharyngeal infection is weighed in turn on the respiratory balance. If the reader is advised to see his physician rather frequently, there is a corresponding accent on eliminating much of the economic loss and physical discomfort caused
All hospital patients should be assessed for risk of blood clots, NICE says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

All patients, without exception, should be assessed on admission to hospital for their risk of developing venous thromboembolism, says new guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

An estimated 25 000 people in the United Kingdom die from preventable hospital acquired venous thromboembolism every year. A UK survey indicated that 71% of patients who were assessed as being at medium or high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis did not receive any form of mechanical or pharmacological prophylaxis.

Launching the guidance, Ian Gilmore, president of the Royal College of Physicians, said, “Measures to prevent venous thromboembolism have been inconsistently applied over the years.”

The new guideline covers all patients who are admitted to hospital and replaces the previous 2007 guideline, …