tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Infectious Hepatitis on the Immunoglobulins in Mentally Retarded Children
Authors: Gerald A. LoGrippo
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In this study, the humoral immunologic status of 60 institutionalized children with infectious hepatitis was evaluated during the acute or icteric stage and followed one, four, and seven months after the sudden onset of the disease. The determination of the humoral immunologic status consisted of the following: (1) the study of serum protein distribution by acetate electrophoresis mobility; (2) quantitative evaluation of serum by immunochemical analysis for immunoglobulins (Ig),<sup>1</sup>IgA (7S<sub>γ1</sub>, βA), IgM (19S<sub>γ1</sub>, βM), and IgG (7S<sub>γ2</sub>); and (3) qualitative evaluation of serum IgG for virus neutralizing antibody response on 8 to 12 standard enteric viruses as well as viruses isolated from patients during the acute stage of hepatitis. These data are correlated for the 60 patients who had either clinical jaundice or an increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels, or both. It was not surprising to find varying increases in immunoglobulin levels
Relations of Left Ventricular Mass to Fat-Free and Adipose Body Mass
Authors: Jonathan N. Bella, Richard B. Devereux, Mary J. Roman, Michael J. O’Grady, Thomas K. Welty, Elisa T. Lee, Richard R. Fabsitz, Barbara V. Howard
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —It is unclear whether increased left ventricular (LV) mass in overweight individuals is related to their adiposity or to greater fat-free mass (FFM). Methods and Results —We compared echocardiographic LV mass to FFM and adipose body mass by bioelectric impedance and to anthropometric measurements in 3107 American Indian participants in the Strong Heart Study. In men and women, the relations of LV mass and FFM ( r =0.37 and 0.38, P &lt;0.001) were closer ( P &lt;0.05 to &lt;0.001) than they were with adipose mass, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, height, or height 2.7 . Regression analyses showed that in men LV mass had the strongest independent relation with FFM, followed by systolic blood pressure and age (all P &lt;0.001); in women, LV mass was related to FFM more strongly than it was to systolic blood pressure, age (all P &lt;0.001), and diabetes ( P =0.012). Adipose mass had no independent relation to LV mass. When waist/hip ratio or body mass index were substituted for adipose mass, LV mass was independently related to FFM ( P &lt;0.001) and body mass index ( P =0.02) but not to waist/hip ratio in men and was independently related to FFM and waist/hip ratio (both P &lt;0.001) but not to body mass index in women. Using 97.5 percentile gender-specific partitions for LV mass/FFM in reference individuals, we found that LV hypertrophy occurred in 20.8% of Strong Heart Study participants with hypertension, overweight , or diabetes compared with 10.5% and 16.7% by LV mass indexed for body surface area or height 2.7 . Conclusions —LV mass is more strongly related to FFM than to adipose mass, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, or height-based surrogates for lean body weight; LV mass/FFM criteria may increase sensitivity to detect LV hypertrophy.
Antithymocyte Globulin and Cyclosporine for Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Stephen Rosenfeld, Dean Follmann, Olga Nunez, Neal S. Young
Journal: JAMA (2003)

In most patients, aplastic anemia results from T-cell-mediated immune destruction of bone marrow. Aplastic anemia can be effectively treated by stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression.To assess long-term outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy.Cohort of 122 patients (31 were < or =18 years and 91 were >18 years) with severe aplastic anemia, as determined by bone marrow cellularity and blood cell count criteria, were enrolled in a single-arm interventional research protocol from 1991 to 1998 at a federal government research hospital.A dose of 40 mg/kg per day of antithymocyte globulin administered for 4 days, 10 to 12 mg/kg per day of cyclosporine for 6 months (adjusted for blood levels), and a short course of corticosteroids (1 mg/d of methylprednisolone for about 2 weeks).Survival, improvement of pancytopenia and transfusion-independence, relapse, and evolution to other hematologic diseases.Response rates were 60% at 3 months after initiation of treatment, 61% at 6 months, and 58% at 1 year. The blood cell counts of patients who responded no longer satisfied severity criteria and they were transfusion-independent. Overall actuarial survival at 7 years was 55%. Survival was associated with early satisfaction of response criteria (86% vs 40% at 5 years; P<.001) and by blood counts at 3 months (reticulocyte count or platelet count of >50 x 10(3)/ microL predicted survival at 5 years of 90% [64/71] vs 42% [12/34] for patients with less robust recovery [P<.001 by log-rank test]). There were no deaths among responders more than 3 years after treatment. Relapse was common, but severe pancytopenia usually did not recur. Relapse did not influence survival. Thirteen patients showed evolution to other hematologic diseases, including monosomy 7.Approximately half of patients with severe aplastic anemia treated with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine have durable recovery and excellent long-term survival. These outcomes were related to the quality of hematologic recovery.
The Case of the Pathetic Pagetic Patella
Authors: ROBERT J. D??HAEM, RICHARD L. COLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Increased patellar uptake on bone scan is not uncommon. Often it is bilateral finding of mild to moderately increased activity in patients with carcinoma or metabolic bone disease. In this case, the activity was intense and unilateral, which was discovered during a routine annual bone scan for prostatic carcinoma in a 67-year-old thin man. This finding raised the suspicion of a metastatic focus located within the right patella. However, the bone scan appearance has been stable for 14 months, and the patient remained asymptomatic. Metabolic causes, such as hyperparathyroidism, acromegaly, renal osteodystrophy, or hypophosphatemia are not reported to cause a localized, unilateral, strikingly “hot” patella. Plain films of the involved site demonstrated the characteristic appearance of Paget's disease: a “woven” trabecular pattern and expansion of the involved bone. Paget's disease limited to the patella is rare; bilateral patellar involvement is usually found in the polyostotic form of the disease. An additional finding of bilateral chondrocalcinosis can also be seen on roentgenograms; although such a finding could be consistent with other matabolic diseases, the patient's chemistries remain normal. Therefore, other metabolic diseases are unlikely. In this case, the chondrocalcinosis was felt to be degenerative.
Banning abortion and contraception infringes women's right to health, UN assembly hears
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Countries should decriminalise abortion, the supply of all forms of contraception, voluntary sterilisation, and the provision of information on sexual and reproductive health to fully ensure the right to health, the United Nations General Assembly has been told.

Anand Grover, special rapporteur for the UN Human Rights Council, presented his interim report on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health on 24 October. The report argues that the right to sexual …
Prehospital Therapeutic Hypothermia in Patients With Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—Reply
Authors: Francis Kim, Charles Maynard, Graham Nichol
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Fibrinogen Tokyo II". An abnormal fibrinogen with an impaired polymerization site on the aligned DD domain of fibrin molecules.
Authors: M Matsuda, M Baba, K Morimoto, C Nakamikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

A hereditary dysfibrinogenemia associated with defective aggregation of fibrin monomers was found in a 39-yr-old female and in the members of her immediate family, who had all been asymptomatic. The abnormality was probably due to an impaired polymerization site exposed in the DD domain of two adjacent fibrin molecules, because plasmic fragment DD derived from the propositus' cross-linked fibrin bound far less tightly to insolubilized normal fragment E than that from the normal one. Its complementary polymerization site in the E domain of fibrin, which was exposed by thrombin cleavage, and the polymerization site in the D domain of fibrinogen, which was available without activation by thrombin, were both found to be normal. More anodal migration of the abnormal fragment DD than the normal one, as shown by immunoelectrophoresis, seemed to support our concept that the mutation most likely resides in the D domain of the abnormal fibrinogen molecule at or near a region closely related to the polymerization site that is exposed when two fibrin molecules are linearly aligned. The work of others on the polymerization of normal fibrin with different techniques yielded results consistent with our conclusions. We tentatively designate this type of abnormal fibrinogen "fibrinogen Tokyo II," but its possible identity with other abnormalities of fibrinogen reported heretofore is not excluded.
Medical Research—State of the Science
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa, Catherine D. DeAngelis, Neen Hunt
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The association of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and autoimmune-related disease in males
Authors: R.H.MEYRICK THOMAS, C.M. RIDLEY, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

We have investigated the presence of autoimmune-related diseases and autoantibodies in twenty-five men with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA). These patients had a significantly higher incidence of autoimmune-related disorders than a control population and a higher incidence of autoantibodies than would be expected in the normal male population.
Activated Raf-1 causes growth arrest in human small cell lung cancer cells.
Authors: R K Ravi, E Weber, M McMahon, J R Williams, S Baylin, A Mal, M L Harter, L E Dillehay, P P Claudio, A Giordano, B D Nelkin, M Mabry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 25% of all lung cancers, and is almost uniformly fatal. Unlike other lung cancers, ras mutations have not been reported in SCLC, suggesting that activation of ras-associated signal transduction pathways such as the raf-MEK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are associated with biological consequences that are unique from other cancers. The biological effects of raf activation in small cell lung cancer cells was determined by transfecting NCI-H209 or NCI-H510 SCLC cells with a gene encoding a fusion protein consisting of an oncogenic form of human Raf-1 and the hormone binding domain of the estrogen receptor (DeltaRaf-1:ER), which can be activated with estradiol. DeltaRaf-1:ER activation resulted in phosphorylation of MAPK. Activation of this pathway caused a dramatic loss of soft agar cloning ability, suppression of growth capacity, associated with cell accumulation in G1 and G2, and S phase depletion. Raf activation in these SCLC cells was accompanied by a marked induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27(kip1), and a decrease in cdk2 protein kinase activities. Each of these events can be inhibited by pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor PD098059. These data demonstrate that MAPK activation by DeltaRaf-1:ER can activate growth inhibitory pathways leading to cell cycle arrest. These data suggest that raf/MEK/ MAPK pathway activation, rather than inhibition, may be a therapeutic target in SCLC and other neuroendocrine tumors.
What Is Meant by “Increased Risk for Suicide”?—Reply
Authors: Lisa M. Horowitz, Jeffrey A. Bridge, Maryland Pao
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Clinical Experiences with 4-Hydroxycoumarin Anticoagulant No. 63 and the Antagonistic Effect of Menadione and Vitamin K <sub>1</sub>
Authors: HUGH H. HANSON, NELSON W. BARKER, FRANK D. MANN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The successful use of dicumarol in the prevention of intravascular thrombosis and subsequent embolism has led to the investigation of other coumarin compounds as therapeutic anticoagulants. 4-Hydroxycoumain anticoagulant No. 63 is such a compound. Like dicumarol, it induces hypoprothrombinemia and daily tests of prothrombin time are necessary as a guide to dosage. Our experience indicates that a less fluctuating and somewhat more consistent therapeutic hypoprothrombinemia can be established and maintained with anticoagulant No. 63 than with dicumarol. The potential disadvantage of the prolonged hypoprothrombinemia after administration is stopped is counter balanced by the strong and relatively rapid antagonistic effect of vitamin K 1 .
Sex Difference in Lifestyle Factors Predictive of Diabetes in Mexican-Americans
Authors: Ana E Monterrosa, Steven M Haffner, Michael P Stern, Helen P Hazuda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role of lifestyle factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) incidence among Mexican-Americans. Therefore, we examined whether baseline lifestyle factors predictive of 8-year NIDDM incidence differ in Mexican-American men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 353 Mexican-American men and 491 Mexican-American women free of diabetes at baseline who participated in the San Antonio Heart Study follow-up. Lifestyle factors examined were body mass index (BMI), energy intake (total calories/kg), grams of alcohol consumed per week, efforts to control weight by dieting and exercise, leisure physical activity, sugar avoidance, saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance, and 24-h dietary recall assessment of total calories and percentage of calories from total carbohydrate, sucrose, and starch and from total, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. Incidence of NIDDM was regressed on lifestyle factors separately for men and women using a backward elimination procedure. RESULTS Lifestyle factors significantly associated with NIDDM incidence differed for the two sexes. In men, leisure physical activity, was inversely associated and alcohol consumption, weight control by dieting, and BMI were positively associated with NIDDM. In women, BMI was positively associated with NIDDM and was the strongest lifestyle predictor. Sugar avoidance and leisure physical activity were also associated with increased NIDDM risk, while weight control by dieting was associated with decreased NIDDM risk. Saturated fat/cholesterol avoidance, grams of alcohol consumed per week, and energy intake were also negatively and indirectly associated with NIDDM in women by means of their direct effects on BMI. CONCLUSIONS It may be important to tailor interventions designed to prevent NIDDM in Mexican-Americans to address sex differences in lifestyle precursors of this disease.
Predominance of the HLA-H Cys282Tyr mutation in Austrian patients with genetic haemochromatosis
Authors: Christian Datz, Michel R.A. Lalloz, Wolfgang Vogel, Ivo Graziadei, Franz Hackl, Guy Vautier, D.Mark Layton, Theresia Maier-Dobersberger, Peter Ferenci, Edward Penner, Friedrich Sandhofer, Adrian Bomford, Bernhard Paulweber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Realization of an AIDS-Free Generation
Authors: Shirin Heidari, Lynne M. Mofenson, Linda-Gail Bekker
Journal: JAMA (2014)

According to a 2011 statement from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), “by 2015 children everywhere can be born free of HIV and their mothers remain alive.” These ambitious goals were defined to provide renewed energy and to reinvigorate programs to realize the vision of an AIDS-free generation.1 Since the launch of the Global Plan Toward the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive (focused on 22 countries with the highest estimated numbers of pregnant women, with a goal to reduce new HIV infection by 90% and HIV-related maternal deaths by 5%), there has been a substantive expansion of investments resulting in improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnant women as a means to eliminate vertical HIV transmission. As a result, at the end of 2012, 62% of pregnant women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries were receiving ART for prevention of vertical transmission, a significant increase from 14% in 2005.2 This progress has led to a reduction of new infections among children; between 2009 and 2012, it is estimated that 670 000 children in these countries were prevented from acquiring HIV infection.2
Sox2 Is Required to Maintain Cancer Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of High-Grade Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Rebecca Favaro, Irene Appolloni, Serena Pellegatta, Alexandra Badiola Sanga, Pierfrancesco Pagella, Eleonora Gambini, Federica Pisati, Sergio Ottolenghi, Maria Foti, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Paolo Malatesta, Silvia K. Nicolis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The stem cell-determining transcription factor Sox2 is required for the maintenance of normal neural stem cells. In this study, we investigated the requirement for Sox2 in neural cancer stem-like cells using a conditional genetic deletion mutant in a mouse model of platelet-derived growth factor-induced malignant oligodendroglioma. Transplanting wild-type oligodendroglioma cells into the brain generated lethal tumors, but mice transplanted with Sox2-deleted cells remained free of tumors. Loss of the tumor-initiating ability of Sox2-deleted cells was reversed by lentiviral-mediated expression of Sox2. In cell culture, Sox2-deleted tumor cells were highly sensitive to differentiation stimuli, displaying impaired proliferation, increased cell death, and aberrant differentiation. Gene expression analysis revealed an early transcriptional response to Sox2 loss. The observed requirement of oligodendroglioma stem cells for Sox2 suggested its relevance as a target for therapy. In support of this possibility, an immunotherapeutic approach based on immunization of mice with SOX2 peptides delayed tumor development and prolonged survival. Taken together, our results showed that Sox2 is essential for tumor initiation by mouse oligodendroglioma cells, and they illustrated a Sox2-directed strategy of immunotherapy to eradicate tumor-initiating cells.
The cat scratch colon sign in a patient with chronic cholestasis
Authors: T. Purnak, E. Ozaslan, A. Yildiz, C. Efe
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Cat scratch colon, first described by McDonnell et al. [1], is a rare colonoscopic finding, with only a few articles published in the literature. The patients in these reports have been predominantly female and the finding has been commonly associated with collagenous colitis or diversion colitis. The main proposed causative mechanism is barotrauma [1] [2] [3], and until now, the sign has been considered to be a manifestation of certain relatively benign conditions. However, as we report here, other conditions, such as chronic cholestasis in our case, may also be associated with the cat scratch sign.
Cladribine in a weekly versus daily schedule for untreated active hairy cell leukemia: final report from the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG) of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial
Authors: Tadeusz Robak, Krzysztof Jamroziak, Joanna Gora-Tybor, Jerzy Z. Blonski, Marek Kasznicki, Jadwiga Dwilewicz-Trojaczek, Elzbieta Wiater, Andrzej Zdunczyk, Jacek Dybowicz, Anna Dmoszynska, Maria Wojtaszko, Barbara Zdziarska, Malgorzata Calbecka, Aleksandra Kostyra, Andrzej Hellmann, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Beata Stella-Holowiecka, Kazimierz Sulek, Krzysztof Gawronski, Aleksander B. Skotnicki, Wieslaw Nowak, Krystyna Zawilska, Lucyna Molendowicz-Portala, Janusz Kloczko, Jarosław Sokolowski, Krzysztof Warzocha, Ilona Seferyńska, Bernardeta Ceglarek, Lech Konopka
Journal: Blood (2007)