tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tid1, the Human Homologue of a <b> <i>Drosophila</i> </b> Tumor Suppressor, Reduces the Malignant Activity of ErbB-2 in Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Sung-Woo Kim, Ta-Hsiang Chao, Rong Xiang, Jeng-Fan Lo, Michael J. Campbell, Colleen Fearns, Jiing-Dwan Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The ErbB-2/HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in a wide range of solid human tumors. The ErbB-2 gene product is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor family, and its cytoplasmic domain is responsible for sending the mitogenic signals into cells. We discovered that this domain of ErbB-2 interacts with Tid1 protein, the human counterpart of the Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56, whose null mutation causes lethal tumorigenesis during the larval stage. Tid1 also is known as a cochaperone of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and binds to HSP70 through its conserved DnaJ domain. We found that increased expression of Tid1 in human mammary carcinomas overexpressing ErbB-2 suppresses the expression level of ErbB-2 and attenuates the resultant ErbB-2–dependent oncogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 signaling pathways leading to programmed cell death (PCD). A functional DnaJ domain of Tid1 also is required for its inhibition of ErbB-2 expression and the consequent PCD of carcinoma cells resulting from increased Tid1 expression. Importantly, ErbB-2–dependent tumor progression in animals is inhibited by increased expression of Tid1 in tumor cells. Collectively, these results suggest that Tid1 modulates the uncontrolled proliferation of ErbB-2–overexpressing carcinoma cells by reducing ErbB-2 expression and as a result suppresses the ErbB-2–dependent cancerous signaling and tumor progression. Moreover, the cochaperonic and regulatory functions of Tid1 on HSP70 most likely play an essential role in this antitumor function of Tid1 in carcinoma cells.
Gene delivery with in-situ crosslinking polymer networks generates long-term systemic protein expression
Authors: Krishnendu Roy, Daqing Wang, Mary Lynne Hedley, Shikha P Barman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Two polyethylene oxide-based delivery systems comprised of reacting PEG polymers were designed for the delivery of DNA expression vectors. The polymers are formulated with the DNA and injected into the muscle, wherein a crosslinked matrix forms in-situ. The matrix resembles a viscous solution (formulation A) or a gel (formulation B). The reacting PEG polymers do not interact with, but entrap the DNA. The formation of the matrix does not affect the supercoiling of the incorporated DNA. The polymers are biocompatible and biodegradable due to the presence of hydrolytically labile bonds in one of the components. Measurement of degradation in vivo suggests that a significant amount of the polymer disappears from the injected muscle by 28 days post injection. Administration to mice of SEAP plasmid DNA formulated with the PEG polymers results in SEAP expression. Expression levels are similar to those of unformulated DNA, but the duration of gene expression is significantly longer in immunocompetent animals receiving the formulated DNA. Significantly lower anti-SEAP IgG titers are elicited by network-formulated DNA relative to unformulated DNA, even though expression levels are comparable. The data suggests that the matrix extends duration of expression by reducing the anti-SEAP immune response so that these delivery systems may be useful for prolonged gene expression following a single intramuscular injection.
Treatment of spontaneous priapism by embolisation of internal pudendal artery.
Authors: J M Wafula, P Davies
Journal: BMJ (1981)

severe breast enlargement.She refused surgery.In March 1979 she attended the endocrine-infertility clinic.The breasts were huge, tense, nodular, warm to palpation, and tender.The patient had begun to log her breast size regularly for four months before this visit.She agreed to accept experimental treatment with danazol, continue self-measurement, and submit to repeated blood sampling.Serum oestradiol, luteinising hormone (LH), and prolactin concentrations were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay.The intra-assay variation for oestradiol was 9 0%, for LH 4 9°', and for prolactin 7 9%.The circumference of each breast, measured from the lateral chest wall horizontally through the nipple to the medial chest wall, was recorded.Serum LH and prolactin values were consistently normal.Critical events are shown in the figure.Despite initial apparent success in reducing breast size with Danazol a second course of treatment was required to maintain a consistent effect.
THE ACTION OF DRUGS ON RESPIRATION
Authors: Carl F. Schmidt, W. Benson Harer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. The depressant drugs which have been studied in this series of experiments were found to resemble morphine and heroine in that they depressed expiration more than inspiration, but they acted only in narcotic doses and always depressed inspiration at the same time. Ether caused a sharp expiratory rhythm, persisting until narcosis was very deep, probably a result of irritation of the air passages. Chloroform sometimes caused dyspnea, even in very deep narcosis, probably because of circulatory depression. Hydrated chloral made respiration more rapid, but shallower. Urethane usually made expiration active, often with inspiratory pauses, such as may follow vagotomy. Magnesium seemed to produce the most uniform, uncomplicated depression of all the depressants tried. Luminal resembled morphine and heroine more closely than any of the general depressants, making expiration passive without depressing inspiration, but it acted only in narcotic doses, unlike morphine and heroine. 2. Caffeine and strychnine, whenever they caused acceleration after morphine, brought back active expiration. Atropine never stimulated, and commonly acted as a synergist to morphine. 3. It is suggested that the results outlined in this and the preceding paper point to the existence of a separate central mechanism for the control of each of the phases of respiration, and that, while each responds to the same chemical stimuli, the threshold of the expiratory is higher than that of the inspiratory. Evidence is presented to indicate that if expiration remains passive a marked increase in depth of breathing may slow the rate, and a respiratory mechanism that lacks active expiration may be so inefficient that a CO2 concentration which stimulated when expiration was active may depress when it is passive.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Predicts Increased Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Janice Pieretti, Mary J. Roman, Richard B. Devereux, Michael D. Lockshin, Mary K. Crow, Stephen A. Paget, Joseph E. Schwartz, Lisa Sammaritano, Daniel M. Levine, Jane E. Salmon
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with premature atherosclerosis and vascular stiffening. Whether SLE alters left ventricular (LV) structure and function in the absence of valvular and clinical coronary artery disease is unknown. Methods and Results— SLE patients without clinical or echocardiographic evidence of valvular or coronary disease were age and gender matched to a reference group (n=173 in both groups). Subjects underwent echocardiography to quantify LV structure and function and carotid ultrasonography to detect atherosclerosis. Disease characteristics and radial applanation tonometry to measure arterial stiffness were evaluated in SLE patients. The 2 groups were similar in subjects’ body size, hypertension and diabetes status, smoking status, and cholesterol levels. LV mass (38.3 versus 32.8 g/m 2.7 ), ejection fraction (71% versus 67%), and prevalence of LV hypertrophy (17.9% versus 6.4%) were higher in SLE patients than in referent subjects (all P &lt;0.001). The combination of SLE and hypertension further increased LV mass. In multivariable analysis, LV mass was associated with SLE ( P &lt;0.001) in addition to body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Among SLE patients, LV mass was associated with arterial stiffness ( P &lt;0.001). Carotid atherosclerosis, SLE duration, damage index, serum creatinine, and homocysteine were significantly related to LV mass in univariate but not multivariable analyses. Conclusions— SLE predicts increased LV mass, possibly because of inflammation-related arterial stiffening. Excess LV hypertrophy may contribute to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality observed in SLE patients.
AN HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED FAMILIAL DISEASE
Authors: M. SYDNEY THOMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article AN HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED FAMILIAL DISEASE Get access M. SYDNEY THOMSON, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. M. SYDNEY THOMSON, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. Clinical Assistant to the Skin Department, King's College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 12, 1 December 1923, Pages 455–462, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09077.x Published: 01 December 1923
TRICUSPID VALVE REMODELING IN FUNCTIONAL TRICUSPID REGURGITATION: 320-ROW MULTI-DETECTOR ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY INSIGHTS
Authors: Philippe Van Rosendael, Emer Joyce, Spiros Katsanos, Philippe Debonnaire, Vasileios Kamperidis, Frank Kley, Arthur Scholte, Martin Schalij, Jeroen Bax, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Aspiration versus tube drainage in primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a randomised study
Authors: A. K. Ayed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

This randomised study was designed to compare clinical outcomes for simple aspiration <i>versus</i> tube thoracostomy, in the treatment of the first primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) attack. A randomised trial, comparing simple aspiration with tube thoracostomy, in 137 patients with a first episode of PSP was carried out. Immediate success was obtained in 40 out of the 65 patients (62%) randomly assigned to undergo simple aspiration and in 49 out of the 72 patients (68%) who had been randomly assigned to undergo tube thoracostomy. The 1-week success rates were: 58 (89%) patients in the intention-to-treat simple aspiration group and 63 (88%) patients in the tube thoracostomy group. In the aspiration group, there were more recurrences during the 3-month follow-up period (15 <i>versus</i> 8%), though the difference was not significant. Recurrence rates at 1 and 2 yrs were 16 (22%) and 20 (31%) for patients who had undergone simple aspiration, respectively, and 17 (24%) and 18 (25%) for patients who had undergone tube thoracostomies, respectively. Complications occurred in 5 (7%) patients who had undergone a tube thoracostomy and 1 (2%) patient who had undergone simple aspiration. Analgesia was required in 22 (34%) patients of the simple aspiration group <i>versus</i> 40 (56%) patients of the tube thoracostomy group. These findings suggest that simple aspiration could be an acceptable alternative to tube thoracostomy in the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
PWE-180 A Survey Evaluating General Practitioners’, Gastroenterologists’ And Experts’ Diagnostic Approaches To Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome And Chronic Constipation In Five European Countries: Abstract PWE-180 Table 1
Authors: V Andresen, P Whorwell, J Fortea, J Milce
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The confident diagnosis of chronic abdominal conditions can be challenging. This study assessed the diagnostic process in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‑C), irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‑D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic constipation (CC). <h3>Methods</h3> Online interviews were conducted with 25 experts, 100 gastroenterologists (GEs) and 104 general practitioners (GPs) from Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom to explore perception, attitude and diagnostic approach to IBS. Physicians were also presented patient vignettes describing a typical case of IBS-C, IBS-D, IBD and CC, respectively. For each vignette, participants were asked to make a diagnosis and to give details on further clinical investigations and management of each case. <h3>Results</h3> The CC and IBS-C vignettes caused most diagnostic difficulties. For the IBS-C vignette, most GEs and GPs who did not make a correct diagnosis were unsure of the diagnosis. In contrast, most physicians who did not make a correct diagnosis for the CC vignette gave an incorrect diagnosis of IBS-C. Physicians’ confidence level in their diagnosis was 7.0/9 for the IBS-D vignette, 6.8/9 for IBS-C and 6.7/9 for CC. The score was lowest for IBD (6.3) as most physicians stated they would wait for the results of further investigations prior to diagnosis. Experts were most likely to endorse a positive approach to the diagnosis of IBS, IBD or CC, whereas GEs and GPs preferred to adopt a diagnosis by exclusion approach. For the IBS and CC vignettes, most physicians’ next action would be to prescribe treatment. However, for the IBD vignette, the next action would be to conduct tests. Most experts (96%) and GEs (73%) claimed to have a good knowledge of the Rome III diagnostic criteria, compared to only 15% of GPs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study highlights some of the difficulties experienced by GPs, GEs and experts in diagnosing chronic abdominal conditions. Physicians found differentiating between IBS-C and CC to be particularly challenging. Diagnostic criteria designed for research purposes may not necessarily be applicable in standard clinical practice. Study funded by Almirall S. A. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> V. Andresen Consultant for: Almirall, Astra Zeneca, Norgine, Shire, Conflict with: Almirall, Abbvie, Aptalis, Ardeypharm, Norgine, Shire, Mundipharma, Falk, P. Whorwell: None Declared, J. Fortea Employee of: Almirall S. A., J. Milce Grant/research support from: Almirall, Consultant for: Kantar Health.
Advances in mechanisms of allergy
Authors: Bruce S. Bochner, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)

This review summarizes selected "mechanisms of allergy" articles appearing between 2001 and 2002 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (JACI). Papers chosen include those dealing with human eosinophil and basophil biology from life to death, as well as studies with animal models of allergic disease, including knock-out mice, Brown Norway rats, and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice, that further our understanding of mechanisms of allergic diseases. When appropriate, articles from other journals have been included to supplement the topics being presented.
Defective calcium signaling and disrupted CD20–B-cell receptor dissociation in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders
Authors: Annick A.J.M. van de Ven, Ewoud B. Compeer, Andries C. Bloem, Lisette van de Corput, Marielle van Gijn, Joris M. van Montfrans, Marianne Boes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Case 6-1969
Authors: Aubrey Leatham, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-four-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of multiple painful, swollen joints.She had been cyanotic since birth. During childhood she often squatted after mild exertion and had frequent respiratory-tract infections and brief episodes of rapid heart action. At the age of eighteen years she began to experience substernal discomfort after mild exertion as well as 2-pillow orthopnea. Three years later she had a febrile illness with swelling of the joints of the fingers. When she was thirty-seven years old her only pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section because of severe congestive heart . . .
Hydroxylated PCB metabolites and PCBs in serum from pregnant Faroese women.
Authors: Britta Fängström, Maria Athanasiadou, Philippe Grandjean, Pál Weihe, Ake Bergman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic, the traditional diet includes pilot whale meat and blubber and other marine food. Fatty fish and blubber of mammals may contain high concentrations of organohalogen substances (OHSs). Elevated levels of OHSs have been reported from the Faroe Islands, first documented in breast milk samples obtained in 1987. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum samples from pregnant Faroese women known to differ in their dietary habits. High concentrations of OH-PCBs and PCBs were found in part of the human serum samples analyzed, and the relative OH-PCB and PCB congener distributions were similar to those observed elsewhere. There was a wide span between the lowest and highest OH-PCB and PCB concentrations in the serum samples analyzed, with ranges of 19-1,800 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 150-22,000 ng/g lw, respectively. The ratio of sigmaOH-PCB/sigmaPCB averaged about 10% and varied little. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,3,4,5,5,6-heptachlorobiphenyl was the most abundant OH-PCB metabolite in all samples analyzed, with four other OH-PCB congeners as dominating metabolites in the serum. More than 25 additional OH-PCBs were indicated. This study confirms the presence of high concentrations of organohalogen substances in populations or areas far removed from their sources.
Isolation of two minigastrins from Zollinger-Ellison tumour tissue
Authors: R. A. Gregory, H. J. Tracy
Journal: Gut (1974)

A pair of gastrin tridecapeptides (`minigastrins9) have been isolated from Zollinger-Ellison tumour tissue; they correspond to the fragment 5-17 of the heptadecapeptides isolated from the same source. In one (type II) the tyrosine residue present is sulphated, in the other (type I) it is not. The proportion of types I and II is approximately 2:1 similar to that for the `big9 gastrins and the heptadecapeptides isolated from the same source and from human antral mucosa. Both minigastrins are potent stimulants of gastric acid secretion. Immunological evidence exists to indicate that both are present as circulating forms of the hormone gastrin in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and in fed normal subjects.
Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy.
Authors: L Fananapazir, R O Cannon, D Tripodi, J A Panza
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with symptoms refractory to drugs (beta-blockers or verapamil) are candidates for cardiac surgery (left ventricular septal myectomy or mitral valve replacement). The present study examines prospectively the ability of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing to improve symptoms and relieve left ventricular outflow obstruction in such patients.Forty-four consecutive patients with obstructive HCM who had failed to benefit from pharmacotherapy underwent treadmill exercise tests, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization before and 1.5-3 months after implantation of a DDD pacemaker. Symptoms (angina, dyspnea, palpitations, presyncope, and syncope), New York Heart Association functional class status (1.7 +/- 0.7 versus 3.4 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.00001), and exercise durations were improved at follow-up evaluation. This was associated with significant reduction in left ventricular outflow tract gradient (38 +/- 38 versus 87 +/- 43 mm Hg, p less than 0.0001) and significant increases in cardiac output and systemic arterial pressures. Notably, when pacing was discontinued and comparisons were made in sinus rhythm, treadmill exercise durations were greater and left ventricular outflow tract gradients were less at the follow-up evaluation compared with the baseline study.DDD pacing is an effective alternative to surgery in most patients with obstructive HCM with drug-refractory symptoms. The beneficial effects of pacing continue to be evident when pacing is acutely discontinued.
INFLAMMATION OF THE DEEP CALCANEAL BURSA
Authors: ARTHUR E. HERTZLER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The name deep calcaneal bursa is selected in order to distinguish the bursa here described from the subcutaneous calcaneal bursa, and yet show the relation of the two bursae to each other. While dissecting some knees under the supervision of Prof. Hans Virchow, more than twenty years ago, he demonstrated to me the trick of finding inconstant bursae. While dissecting a foot, I found a bursa not described in the anatomies. It lay between the flexor group of muscles of the foot and the long plantar ligament. Subsequent study showed it to be inconstant; in just what proportion of feet it occurs, I cannot say. This bursa lies under the beginning portion of the abductor hallucis muscle, extending laterally to the point of origin of the flexor brevis digitorum. Beneath it lies the sheath of the tibialis posticus. The flexor hallucis longus and the flexor longus digitorum lie lateral to
Flouting evidence in a rush to the market: do we know enough about the drugs we prescribe?
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Indian health ministry’s decision to ban the diabetes drug pioglitazone has come as a huge surprise. With nearly three million patients currently on this drug, this move is likely to have far-reaching implications for their care (doi:10.1136/bmj.f4366). Doctors have voiced concerns that the ban would restrict prescribing choices for diabetes patients, and may even necessitate a quicker transition to insulin injections. Given the need to take these drugs for the long term, this is often a difficult and sometimes an impractical choice for patients. Patients might also need to be shifted to other classes of oral hypoglycaemic agents, potentially increasing the cost of treatment.

A boxed warning, as has been done in the United States for pioglitazone, …
Evaluation of myocardial ischemic damage of various ages by computerized transmission tomography. Time-dependent effects of contrast material.
Authors: C B Higgins, P T Siemers, W Schmidt, J D Newell
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The potential role of computerized transmission tomography (CTT) in the detection and quantitation of acute myocardial ischemic damage was assessed in 42 excised canine hearts at 2 hours, 8 hours, and 48 hours after coronary occlusion. The CTT scan detected by myocardial damage that was 2-48 hours old each time the presence of regional ischemia was confirmed by histochemical straining or epicardial electrocardiographic mapping. Intravenous administration of contrast material enhanced the x-ray attenuation of areas of ischemic damage of 8 and 48 hours duration compared with normal myocardium, but enhanced only normal myocardium in those of 2 hours duration. Volumetric estimation of the extent of damage from the CTT scans in dogs with ischemia of 48 hours duration showed a close linear relationship with the morphometric volume in the absence of contrast material. Quantitation of the area of ischemic damage from the CTT scan after contrast administration resulted in substantial underestimation of the volume of damaged tissue.
Hospital and GMC investigate apparent irregularities in heart surgeon's data
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The General Medical Council is investigating a leading heart surgeon who was sacked after an internal investigation by his employers indicated that he understated the length of time some patients who died spent on a heart-lung bypass machine during their operations.

Ian Wilson, who was a consultant at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, was dismissed by University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust in October 2013. He is alleged to have inaccurately entered the information on a database that was set up by the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery to allow patients to compare individual surgeons’ outcomes. …