tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Design of a Microsphere-Based High-Throughput Gene Expression Assay to Determine Estrogenic Potential
Authors: Jorge M. Naciff, Brian D. Richardson, Kerry G. Oliver, M. Lynn Jump, Suzanne M. Torontali, Kenton D. Juhlin, Gregory J. Carr, Jennifer R. Paine, Jay P. Tiesman, George P. Daston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Recently gene expression studies have been multiplied at an accelerated rate by the use of high-density microarrays. By assaying thousands of transcripts at a time, microarrays have led to the discovery of dozens of genes involved in particular biochemical processes, for example, the response of a tissue/organ to a given chemical with therapeutic or toxic properties. The next step in these studies is to focus on the response of a subset of relevant genes to verify or refine potential therapeutic or toxic properties. We have developed a sensitive, high-throughput gene expression assay for this purpose. In this assay, based on the Luminex xMAP system, carefully selected oligonucleotides were covalently linked to fluorescently coded microspheres that are hybridized to biotinylated cRNA followed by amplification of the signal, which results in a rapid, sensitive, multiplexed assay platform. Using this system, we have developed an RNA expression profiling assay specific for 17 estrogen-responsive transcripts and three controls. This assay can evaluate up to 100 distinct analytes simultaneously in a single sample, in a 96-well plate format. This system has improved sensitivity versus existing microsphere-based assays and has sensitivity and precision comparable with or better than microarray technology. We have achieved detection levels down to 1 amol, detecting rare messages in complex cRNA samples, using as little as 2.5 microg starting cRNA. This assay offers increased throughput with decreased costs compared with existing microarray technologies, with the trade-off being in the total number of transcripts that can be analyzed.
INTRAPERITONEAL GESTATION WITH RECTAL HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: J. Elgood
Journal: BMJ (1930)

OUIA Dosage anid Adnministration.Penllocton is admiiistered intravenously in 10 per cent.solution.It is put up in ampoules conitaining 2.2 c.cm. (3k grains) of the solution, and is ready for injectioni withouit any dilution, mixing, dissolvin g, or other manipula- tion.As the average hypnotic dose is only 41 grains it can be seen that the volume of the usual in-jectioni will be about 3 c.cm.It is given at the rate of 1 c.cm. per minuite, and this smaller volume results in a saving of time, ancd cuts shoit a rather tedious procedure.The pH of the solution is 9.8, as is that of sodium amytal; the iiljectionimust be given slowly to prevent concentration, aa(l to allow dilution and absorption in the blood stream1.The (losage as recommended by Bumm averages 1 c.cm. for every 30 lb. of weight, with a total average of 4 to 5 c.cmn.; this dosage presllmles that nio other aniaesthetic is being, administered.Since tlle majority of ouir patients receive(l mor-phine in some form also, we were able to obtaini the same satisfactory results with smaller doses of pernl(-toll.As in the case of sodium amytal, many fracturies couild be painlessly reduced with the lhelp of peinocton, and otlher minor procedures be carried out witlhout the aid of any other ainaestlietic.The uise of pernocton ini obstetrics will be r elported upl)oni suibsequiently, since *we have not vet sufficient cases to draw definiite conclusions in this respect. Summiary and Conclusions.Pernocton (sodium secondary-butyl beta-bromallvl-barbit- uric aci(l) is a sy-ntlhetic barbiturate resemiblinog sodium anmtal ip its comJ)osition and actioni.It hias all the adlv-anta-es of so(lillml ai-ytal as a hypnotic, anld in addition tlher e is: (1) almuost complete absence of restlessness anid excitemiietnt during tlle recovery perio(d; (2) no fall in the blood pressure; (3) a more powerful hypniotic effect; (4) a solution prepared ready for inijection; (5) a snaller voluime to be injected; (6) a shorter period of unconsciousness; and(I (7) better and earlier co-operation during tlle recovery plhase.BIRLTOGR APHY.
Let Us Focus Your Worries!
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In this issue ofThe Journal, we publish the first in a series, Health Care Policy: A Clinical Approach. The series is written by two physicians, Thomas Bodenheimer, MD, MPH, and Kevin Grumbach, MD, both associated with the University of California—San Francisco. Most clinicians my age (58) will have had no formal training in health policy. Indeed, 30 years ago, if I had been asked what my policy was on health, I would probably have replied that I was for it and, if pressed, would have asserted that my policy was to do what I thought was best for my patients. These replies are still appropriate today, but not sufficient. When we went into medicine, my colleagues and I were prepared to accept the responsibility of caring for our patients, of explaining their symptoms and signs, and of alleviating them in ways that accorded with the best available evidence. And
ABC of palliative care: Anorexia, cachexia, and nutrition
Authors: E. Bruera
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Cachexia is a complex syndrome that combines weight loss, lipolysis, loss of muscle and visceral protein, anorexia, chronic nausea, and weakness.Severe cachexia occurs in most patients with advanced cancer or AIDS.This article covers approaches to cachexia other than treatment of the underlying disease.In those patients who are eligible for tumouricidal treatment, cachexia may resolve as the disease responds.When faced with a cachectic patient, the clinician may approach the problem with four questions:x Does the patient have cachexia?x Why is the patient cachectic?x Which treatments are effective?x How should treatment be individualised? Does the patient have cachexia?Frequency of cachexia More than 80% of patients with cancer or AIDS develop cachexia before death.At the moment of diagnosis, about 80% of patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers and 60% of patients with lung cancer have substantial weight loss.In general, patients with solid tumours (with the exception of breast cancer) have a higher frequency of cachexia.Cachexia is also more common in children and elderly patients and becomes more pronounced as disease progresses. Assessing nutritional statusBecause of the chronic nature of cancer cachexia, the diagnosis is simple.A patient's clinical history, the presence of substantial weight loss, and physical examination are adequate for an accurate diagnosis.Plasma albumin concentration is usually decreased.Simple bedside measurements-such as triceps or subscapular skin folds (for body fat) and arm muscular circumference (for body lean mass)-may be useful to monitor nutritional changes or the effect of treatments in patients in whom body weight might be unreliable (such as those with ascites or oedema).More sophisticated laboratory investigations are usually unnecessary.Immunological tests are unreliable markers of nutritional status in patients with cancer or AIDS because of the immunological abnormalities due to the underlying illness.
Pathogenesis of square bodies in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: M Aufdermaur
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Our work seeks to explore certain abiotic factors that could affect seedling recruitment in neotropical moist forest. We selected three plant species (<i>Caraipa</i> sp., <i>Tachigali</i> sp., and <i>Dicranostyles</i> sp.) and investigated the role of nutrients, proximity to the parent tree, competition (intra-and inter-specific) and light availability on seedling growth and survival. We planted seedlings in the forest understory and in a shade house and applied four different treatments to evaluate the role of abiotic factors on recruitment. Our results show that the studied species were not negatively influenced by distance-dependent processes or by competition during the study period (6-7 mo.). We found that light availability was the most important factor determining seedlings' early performance. The studied species showed distinct responses to the different treatments; therefore, it is hard to draw general conclusions about which factors might be affecting seedling recruitment and promoting the high plant diversity of tropical moist forest.
A CASE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: STANLEY COMAISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— A patient is described who developed skin eruptions after both intra‐articular and oral administration of corticosteroids. Skin tests with highly purified steroid compounds were consistently and strongly positive, but an extensive series of in vitro tests for circulating and cell‐bound steroid‐specific antibody was negative. The possible reasons for this are discussed and brief descriptions given of 2 other patients who developed generalized reactions after intra‐articular injections of corticosteroids. It is suggested that steroid hypersensitivity is an entity which ought to be considered in patients who develop unusual skin reactions during the course of steroid therapy.
Foreign Body in the Vagina
Authors: C. J. G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MEDCAL JOUNAAnother point is that I have followed up a number of patients who have suffered from non-pulmonary tuberculosis and who later married, and have found that pregnancies were unusual among them.This difference between patients with phthisis and patients with other forms of tuberculosis offers an interest- ing commentary on the pathogenesis of the disease.-Iam, etc.,
Genetically determined oxidation polymorphism and drug hepatotoxicity
Authors: Dominique Larrey, Marina Tinel, Gilles Amouyal, Eric Freneaux, Alain Berson, Hélène Fouin-Fortunet, Gérard Babany, Philippe Letteron, Franck Iglicki, Jean-Louis Slama, François Habersetzer, Dominique Pessayre, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Why have child pedestrian death rates fallen?
Authors: I Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Pedestrian injuries are a leading cause of childhood mortality and disability. Over the past two decades in Britain child pedestrian death rates have fallen despite large increases in traffic volume. In this paper Roberts examines the likely reasons for this decline. He argues that neither prevention programmes nor improvements in medical care are a plausible explanation and that the decline is most likely the result of a substantial reduction in children9s traffic exposure. He believes, however, that restricting children9s traffic exposure exacerbates socioeconomic differentials in childhood mortality and denies children their right to mobility. Roberts is convinced that one answer is for British transport policy to be aimed at providing mobility equitably rather than struggling to meet the ever increasing demands of car travel.
A cell-permeable hairpin peptide inhibits hepatitis C viral nonstructural protein 5A-mediated translation and virus production
Authors: Ronik Khachatoorian, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, Piotr Ruchala, Santanu Raychaudhuri, Eden M. Maloney, Edna Miao, Asim Dasgupta, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

NS5A is a key regulator of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle including RNA replication, assembly, and translation. We and others have shown that NS5A augments HCV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. Furthermore, Quercetin treatment and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 knockdown inhibit the NS5A-driven augmentation of IRES-mediated translation and infectious virus production. We have also coimmunoprecipitated HSP70 with NS5A and demonstrated cellular colocalization, leading to the hypothesis that the NS5A/HSP70 complex formation is important for IRES-mediated translation. Here, we have identified the NS5A region responsible for complex formation through in vitro deletion analyses. Deletion of NS5A domains II and III failed to reduce HSP70 binding, whereas domain I deletion eliminated complex formation. NS5A domain I alone also bound HSP70. Deletion mapping of domain I identified the C-terminal 34 amino acids (C34) as the interaction site. Furthermore, addition of C34 to domains II and III restored complex formation. C34 expression significantly reduced intracellular viral protein levels, in contrast to same-size control peptides from other NS5A domains. C34 also competitively inhibited NS5A-augmented IRES-mediated translation, whereas controls did not. Triple-alanine scan mutagenesis determined that an exposed beta-sheet hairpin in C34 was primarily responsible for NS5A-augmented IRES-mediated translation. Moreover, treatment with a 10-amino acid peptide derivative of C34 suppressed NS5A-augmented IRES-mediated translation and significantly inhibited intracellular viral protein synthesis, with no associated cytotoxicity.These results support the hypothesis that the NS5A/HSP70 complex augments viral IRES-mediated translation, identify a sequence-specific hairpin element in NS5A responsible for complex formation, and demonstrate the functional significance of C34 hairpin-mediated NS5A/HSP70 interaction. Identification of this element may allow for further interrogation of NS5A-mediated IRES activity, sequence-specific HSP recognition, and rational drug design. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:1662-1672).
Vitamin D deficiency may link diabetes and liver neoplasms
Authors: Hong-Fang Ji
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

I read with great interest the article by Chen et al.,1 who confirmed the association of diabetes with liver neoplasms and found that the incidence of primary malignant neoplasms of the liver was significantly higher in patients with diabetes versus control subjects. Even though multiple factors should be responsible for the association between diabetes and an increased risk of malignant neoplasms of the liver, I propose that vitamin D deficiency potentially links the two disorders for the following reasons. First, vitamin D levels have been found to be significantly lower in diabetic populations versus subjects without diabetes.2, 3 It has been reported that vitamin D deficiency predisposes individuals to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and may be involved in the pathogenesis of both forms of diabetes.3, 4 Second, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed to contribute to high risks for various types of cancers. An increasing number of epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that vitamin D plays a role in cancer prevention.5, 6 Therefore, it seems rational to infer that vitamin D deficiency may account in part for the experimental finding of a higher incidence of malignant neoplasms of the liver in patients with diabetes versus age- and sex-matched control subjects. Moreover, if this hypothesis is verified in future studies, vitamin D status optimization in patients with diabetes may represent a potential strategy not only for improving the condition of patients with diabetes but also for lowering the associated risk of malignant neoplasms of the liver. Hong-Fang Ji Ph.D.*, * Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, People's Republic of China.
Reciprocal ST-segment depression associated with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation indicates residual viability after myocardial infarction
Authors: Akira Nakano, Jong-Dae Lee, Hiromasa Shimizu, Tatsuro Tsuchida, Yoshiharu Yonekura, Yasushi Ishii, Takanori Ueda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Must Research Participants Understand Randomization?
Authors: David Wendler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

In standard medical care, physicians select treatments for patients based on clinical judgment, considering which treatment is best for the individual patient, given the patient's history and circumstances. In contrast, investigators conducting randomized clinical trials select treatments for participants based on a random selection process. Because this process represents a significant departure from the norms of standard medical care, it is widely assumed that potential research participants must understand randomization to give valid informed consent. This assumption, together with data that many research participants do not understand randomization, implies that randomized clinical trials often fail to obtain adequately informed consent. Before accepting this conclusion, and before initiating extensive efforts to improve research participants' understanding of randomization, we should assess the plausible, but rarely analyzed assumption that participants need to understand randomization to give valid informed consent for randomized clinical trials.
Chemical and spatial analysis of protein loaded PLGA microspheres for drug delivery applications
Authors: A. Rafati, A. Boussahel, K.M. Shakesheff, A.G. Shard, C.J. Roberts, X. Chen, D.J. Scurr, S. Rigby-Singleton, P. Whiteside, M.R. Alexander, M.C. Davies
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)

Polymer microspheres for controlled release of therapeutic protein from within an implantable scaffold were produced and analysed using complimentary techniques to probe the surface and bulk chemistry of the microspheres. Time of Flight - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) surface analysis revealed a thin discontinuous film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant (circa 4.5 nm thick) at the surface which was readily removed under sputtering with C(60). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging of microspheres before and after sputtering confirmed that the PVA layer was removed after sputtering revealing poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid(PLGA). Scanning electron microscopy showed the spheres to be smooth with some shallow and generally circular depressions, often with pores in their central region. The occurrence of the protein at the surface was limited to areas surrounding these surface pores. This surface protein distribution is believed to be related to a burst release of the protein on dissolution. Analysis of the bulk properties of the microspheres by confocal Raman mapping revealed the 3D distribution of the protein showing large voids within the pores. Protein was found to be adsorbed at the interface with the PLGA oil phase following deposition on evaporation of the solvent. Protein was also observed concentrated within pores measuring approximately 2 μm across. The presence of protein in large voids and concentrated pores was further scrutinised by ToF-SIMS of sectioned microspheres. This paper demonstrates that important information for optimisation of such complex bioformulations, including an understanding of the release profile can be revealed by complementary surface and bulk analysis allowing optimisation of the therapeutic effect of such formulations.
Investigation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy for shared genetic risk factors with other autoimmune diseases: results from the European Myositis Network
Authors: M Jani, H Chinoy, JA Lamb, L Wedderburn, J Vencovsky, K Danko, I Lundberg, A Selva O'Callaghan, T Radstake, H Platt, WE Ollier, RG Cooper
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
<i>GNAL</i>Mutations and Dystonia—Reply
Authors: Kishore R. Kumar, Kirill A. Martemyanov, Katja Lohmann
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SHAME AND CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GREEK MEN AND WOMEN ATHLETES
Authors: Konstantinos Baliotis, Vasileios Korakakis, Elena Dragioti, Evangelia Kotrsotsiou, Mary Gouva
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Chronic pain can lead the subjective emotional pain response of an individual and has the potential to interplay with emotions at a cognitive level such as internal or external shame. Aim The present study examined the relationship of internal and external shame with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and the differences between genders of athletes with CLBP. Materials and Methods Two hundred athletes with CLBP participated in the present study (110 men, 90 women, mean age±SD 24,5±6,7). The measures used were: Other As Shamer Scale-OAS, (Goss, Gilbert &amp; Allan, 1994), Experience of Shame Scale-ESS (Andrews, Qian &amp; Valentine, 2002) and another questionnaire with socio-demographics, attitudes and self-reported questions data on the impact of the chronic pain in their life. Results The mean scores (±SD) for men and women with CLBP and the p values from the T-tests were respectively: for total OAS, 12.96±7.0 and 15.68±8.8 (p=0.045) and for total ESS, 48.8±9.7 and 50.3±13 (p=0.366). Despite that there were no significant differences in ESS, the subscale of ESS regarding bodily shame revealed statistically significant difference between men and women (p=0.002). Conclusion The results of the present study revealed the high levels of external shame in athletes of both genders with CLBP and confirmed that shame is an emotion highly connected with woman nature. Furthermore, from the subscale of ESS regarding bodily shame was presented that women have the self-perception of lower social power and the trend to judge there self less favorably to others.
Circadian variation of heart rate variability
Authors: S. C Malpas, G. L Purdie
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim of the study was to examine the circadian variation in heart rate variability and to test the hypothesis that the variation is due to vagal influence.Human subjects, some with vagal neuropathy, underwent ambulatory 24 h electrocardiographic monitoring, the recordings being played back through an analyser which identified and timed successive pulse (R-R) intervals. Heart rate variability was measured for each 30 min period over 24 h as the standard deviation of the successive differences between R-R intervals, which filtered out low frequency components of heart rate variability that were not autonomic in origin. Modelled curves of heart rate variability were compared using analysis of variance.The subjects were aged between 33 and 65 years and were matched in three groups for age and sex. There were 11 healthy controls, 12 insulin dependent diabetics and seven alcoholics with vagal neuropathy.A significant circadian variation in heart rate variability was present, characterised by a rise during sleep. Mean heart rate variation was significantly reduced in groups with vagal neuropathy, although the amplitude of the cycle and time of peak variability was not significantly different. The circadian variation was sustained regardless of the degree of vagal neuropathy.The cycle of heart rate variability is not dependent on vagal interaction. It may be due to fluctuations in sympathetic activity affecting beat to beat variability.