tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pilot study will assess whether HPV test should replace smears to screen for cervical cancer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A pilot scheme is to be set up in the United Kingdom to assess the value of using human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening test for cervical cancer rather than the currently used cytology or smear test.

The pilot scheme will be developed by the NHS cervical screening programme after a recommendation by the UK National Screening Committee. The pilot aims to establish whether using HPV testing as the primary screen for cervical disease results in better outcomes for women while minimising overtreatment and anxiety. More detail about the configuration, timing, and length of the scheme will be decided at future meetings of the screening committee.

The NHS cervical …
Water Disturbances in Patients Treated with Oral Lithium Carbonate
Authors: P. H. BAYLIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Forty-eight patients treated with oral lithium carbonate and 20 control subjects were studied to define the causes of lithium-induced water disturbances. Measurement of plasma immunoreactive arginine vasopressin, plasma osmolality, and urine osmolality after a period of dehydration separated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, cranial diabetes insipidus, and primary polydipsia, the three postulated mechanisms of lithium-induced polyuria. Seventeen patients had a urinary concentrating defect despite serum lithium concentrations in the therapeutic range. Ten of these patients had nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, one had results suggestive of cranial diabetes insipidus, but none had evidence of primary polydipsia. Symptoms of thirst and polyuria were poor indicators of the degree of hypo-osmolar urine. No patient had electrolyte abnormalities, and none had sufficiently severe polyuria to stop lithium treatment.
Paint Pellet Purpura: A Peril for Pistol-Packing Paramilitary Personnel
Authors: Daniel M. Siegel, Leonard Harry Goldberg, Andrew R. Altman, Debra Chester Kalter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Each decade has its own recreational diversions. In the latter half of this one we have the "survival game," with all the trappings of war (guns, uniforms, battles, etc) except death. While safety precautions are generally taken, accidents can happen. We wish to report the coincidence of a cutaneous eruption common among people who spend a great deal of time outdoors along with a previously unrecognized entity. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 32-year-old woman presented to the Ben Taub Hospital dermatology clinic with a two-day history of scattered pruritic skin lesions. Examination revealed the typical angular and linear bullae of rhus dermatitis in numerous exposed locations. In addition, the patient had two 8- to 10-cm lesions on her arm (Figure) and back. Morphologically, these irislike lesions had an ecchymotic margin surrounding a central clear zone and a "bullseye" superficial erosion. These were slightly tender to palpation and
Termination of ventricular tachycardia by carotid sinus massage.
Authors: D S Hess, T Hanlon, M Scheinman, R Budge, J Desai
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Intracardiac electrophysiologic studies were performed in two patients who had recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. In both, the tachycardia was repeatedly terminated by carotid massage. In one patient, intracardiac electrophysiologic studies revealed ventricular tachycardia with 2:1 retrograde ventriculoatrial (VA) block. Carotid massage resulted in alternate Wenckebach retrograde VA conduction terminated by ventricular echo beats. When ventricular echo beats occurred at a coupling interval of 340 - 400 msec, the tachycardia was terminated. Similarly, induced atrial depolarizations (during ventricular tachycardia) produced ventricular capture and terminated the tachycardia when the resultant ventricular coupling interval was 330 - 395 msec. In the second patient, progressively premature atrial or ventricular depolarizations did not terminate the tachycardia. carotid massage had no consistent effect on retrograde VA conduction during ventricular tachycardia, but usually resulted in gradual increases in the tachycardia cycle length (50 - 100 msec) before abrupt termination of the tachycardia. This is the first report documenting termination of ventricular tachycardia by carotid massage alone (i.e., without prior drug intervention); hence, tachycardia termination by simple carotid sinus massage does not prove a supraventricular origin. The mechanism of tachycardia termination was due to ventricular echo beats from retrograde atrioventricular nodal reentry in one patient and to direct vagal effects on either the ventricular muscle or the ventricular specialized conduction system in the other.
Effect of soy-based breakfast cereal on blood lipids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Authors: David J.A Jenkins, Cyril W.C Kendall, Edward Vidgen, Vladimir Vuksan, Chung-Ja Jackson, Livia S.A Augustin, Brenda Lee, Marcella Garsetti, Sanjiv Agarwal, A.Venket Rao, Gloria B Cagampang, Victor Fulgoni
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Treatment of Stokes-Adams Disease by External Electric Stimulation of the Heart
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL, ARTHUR J. LINENTHAL, LEONA R. NORMAN, ALAN H. BELGARD
Journal: Circulation (1954)

An external cardiac pacemaker was developed and was used to stimulate the heart electrically in a series of patients with recent Stokes-Adams syncope. It resuscitated patients from attacks due to ventricular standstill; it maintained an adequate circulation during persistent ventricular standstill; and it prevented the recurrence of irregular ventricular tachycardia. Several patients have now survived for many months without recurrent syncope. Such long survivals suggest that the periods of cardiac disturbance which cause syncope may subside if the patient is kept alive during the crucial period.
Social Networks, Social Media, and Innovating Surgical Education
Authors: Ravinder S. Vohra, Michael T. Hallissey
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 genes and risk of achilles tendon pathology
Authors: L El Khoury, M Posthumus, M Collins, W J Ribbans, C J Handley, J Cook, S M Raleigh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Achilles tendon pathology (ATP) is a multifactorial condition for which genetic risk factors have been identified. The type V collagen gene ( COL5A1 ), among other genes, has been associated with risk of ATP in two independent populations. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) enzymes are important regulators of tendon homeostasis and integrity. The ADAMTS2 AND ADAMTS14 genes are procollagen N-propeptidases for collagens such as type I and type III. Mutations within ADAMTS2, as with COL5A1 , have been linked to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The aim was to determine if two selected non-synonymous polymorphism within the ADAMTS2 AND ADAMTS14 genes associate with risk of ATP in two independent populations. 213 (115 cases with ATP and 98 asymptomatic controls) South African Caucasian participants and 209 cases (60 cases with ATP and 149 asymptomatic controls) Australian Caucasian participants were recruited for this case-control genetic association study. All participants were genotyped using TaqMan technology for the ADAMTS2 G/A rs1054480 and ADAMTS14 A/G rs4747096 polymorphisms. There was no significant association between the ADAMTS2 rs1054480 and the ADAMTS14 rs4747096 polymorphism with ATP in either the South African (ADAMTS2, P=0.292; ADAMTS14, P=0.531), Australian (ADAMTS2, P=0.703; ADAMTS14, P=0.152) or combined. This study shows that the investigated polymorphisms within the ADAMTS2 and ADAMTS14 genes are not associated with the risk of developing ATP in two independent Caucasian populations.
Mumps and Rubella Eliminated From Finland
Authors: H Peltola, I Davidkin, M Paunio, M Valle, P Leinikki, O P Heinonen
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Many countries use trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for their mumps and rubella immunization programs. In Finland, a national 2-dose MMR vaccination program for children, free of charge and on a voluntary basis, was launched in 1982. Serological confirmation of all suspected cases of mumps and rubella has been required since 1987. Despite intensive surveillance, no persistent sequelae or deaths attributable to vaccination have been detected. Indigenous mumps and rubella were eliminated in 1996, but 4 imported cases of mumps and 2 of rubella occurred from 1997 to 1999. Lack of secondary cases indicates sufficient immunity in the community. Compared with an epidemic year, up to thousands of cases of mumps meningoencephalitis and orchitis and around 50 cases of congenital rubella syndrome are now avoided annually. A 2-dose vaccine regimen in children during the last 17 years (1983-1999) has interrupted circulation of the target viruses entirely. Finland is the first country documented to be free of indigenous mumps and rubella (measles was eliminated in 1996). Despite the ongoing possibility of imported disease, major outbreaks probably can be avoided by maintaining high vaccination coverage and the 2-dose policy. JAMA. 2000;284:2643-2647.
Current Practice: Diagnosis and Treatment in Primary Healthcare
Authors: David BenEzra
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Summary In a primary healthcare facility, there are certain ‘rules of thumb’ that can be recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis. The type of discharge is a crucial factor in the differential diagnosis and can also be a clue towards the management in primary care. It is important to identify whether the conjunctivitis is an isolated case or part of another disease, and if it is acute or chronic, and I would suggest taking a smear or culture sample whenever possible. When the aetiology is not clear, I would try antibiotics. If the patient is allergic, and an allergic conjunctivitis is suspected, the best management today is to use mast cell stabilisers, and combine these with conservative measures of frequent washings, and compresses. If the aetiology remains doubtful, or if there is no obvious improvement using these treatments, the patient should be re‐evaluated and/or referred to an ophthalmologist or specialist eye centre. The use of corticosteroids for conjunctivitis should certainly be avoided in primary healthcare. Conjunctivitis is often self‐limited and the drug‐induced consequences of improper management can be far more devastating than the disease itself.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EXERCISE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL GATED SPECT THALLIUM IMAGES
Authors: J. J. Pippin, T. D. Payne, S. M. Devers, S. J. Durham, C. J. Branstetter, M. A. Brodio, Y. L. Holdman, M. L. Bagwill
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Pippin, J. J.; Payne, T. D.; Devers, S. M.; Durham, S. J.; Branstetter, C. J.; Brodio, M. A.; Holdman, Y. L.; Bagwill, M. L. Author Information
Periodic Myelodysplasia and Periodic Pancreatitis
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The reply to the query (<b>193</b>:752, 1965) about a possible relationship between cyclic neutropenia and recurrent pancreatitis needs amendation and amplification. If the episodes of neutropenia recur at three-week intervals as in most other instances, the condition is better termed "periodic myelodysplasia." Examples of periodic pancreatitis recurrent at similar intervals were described in the<i>Journal of the Indian Medical Profession</i>(<b>9</b>:4189, 1962) and in<i>Periodic Diseases</i>, (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co., 1963). Hence, there is reason to believe that there is a relationship. Evidence indicates that overlapping of features, their concurrence, or transition occurs among various periodic disorders. Furthermore, Gilsdorf et al report a central nervous system influence on experimentally produced pancreatitis (abstracted,<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:447, 1964). Theoretically, hypothalamic excitation provokes periodic disorders (<i>Ann NY Acad Sci</i><b>117</b>:589, 1964).
The effects of the anti-hepcidin Spiegelmer NOX-H94 on inflammation-induced anemia in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Frank Schwoebel, Lucas T. van Eijk, Dirk Zboralski, Simone Sell, Klaus Buchner, Christian Maasch, Werner G. Purschke, Martin Humphrey, Stefan Zöllner, Dirk Eulberg, Frank Morich, Peter Pickkers, Sven Klussmann
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cerebral Apoplexy; Types, Causes and Patho-Genesis
Authors: Lawrence Wanetick
Journal: JAMA (1962)

"Cerebral apoplexy" is a confusing term to even the most experienced physician and an enigma to the conscientious student. The author defines it as "a sudden disease caused by spontaneous, endogenic, non-inflammatory circulatory disturbances involving cerebral blood vessels." Sections of particular interest are the location and extension of apoplectic cerebral lesions following embolic cerebral occlusions, apoplectic cerebral lesions in patients suffering from permanent arterial hypertension, and arteriosclerotic apoplectic lesions. Emphasis is placed upon the pathogenesis of these lesions with the consideration of organic vascular involvements and vascular ruptures as causes of cerebral disease and neurogenic circulatory disturbances as causes of extra- and intracerebral conditions. The author's references are numerous and thorough, special attention being given to the historical pattern of the disease. The book is suited primarily for the researcher and historian, but it should be interesting to all who deal with this subject.
Interval sampling of end-expiratory hydrogen (H2) concentrations to quantify carbohydrate malabsorption by means of lactulose standards.
Authors: J J Rumessen, O Hamberg, E Gudmand-Hoyer
Journal: Gut (1990)

Lactulose H2 breath tests are widely used for quantifying carbohydrate malabsorption, but the validity of the commonly used technique (interval sampling of H2 concentrations) has not been systematically investigated. In eight healthy adults we studied the reproducibility of the technique and the accuracy with which 5 g and 20 g doses of lactulose could be calculated from the H2 excretion after their ingestion by means of a 10 g lactulose standard. The influence of different lengths of the test period, different definitions of the baseline and the significance of standard meals and peak H2 concentrations was also studied. Regardless of baseline definition, estimates of malabsorption were most precise, if areas under the H2 concentration v time curves for four hours or more from the start of the excess H2 excretion were used. The median deviations from the expected values were 20-30% (5-60%, interquartile range). This corresponded to the deviation in reproducibility of the standard dose. We suggest that individual estimates of carbohydrate malabsorption by means of H2 breath tests should be interpreted with caution if tests of reproducibility are not incorporated. Both areas under curves and peak H2 concentrations seem valid for comparison of groups.
Familial Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome maps to a locus on chromosome 7q3.
Authors: C A MacRae, N Ghaisas, S Kass, S Donnelly, C T Basson, H C Watkins, R Anan, L H Thierfelder, K McGarry, E Rowland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have mapped a disease locus for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) segregating in a large kindred to chromosome 7 band q3. Although WPW syndrome and FHC have been observed in members of the same family in prior studies, the relationship between these two diseases has remained enigmatic. A large family with 25 surviving individuals who are affected by one or both of these conditions was studied. The disease locus is closely linked to loci D7S688, D7S505, and D7S483 (maximum two point LOD score at D7S505 was 7.80 at theta = 0). While four different FHC loci have been described this is the first locus that can be mutated to cause both WPW and/or FHC.
Politicizing NIH funding: a bridge to nowhere
Authors: Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

We live in a time of increased spending, mounting debt, and few remedies for balancing the federal budget that have bipartisan support. Unfortunately, one recent target for decreased allocations of the federal budget is the NIH; the discussion of the awarded grants and the grant funding process has been skewed and altered to present medical research in an unfriendly light, and this can have very damaging repercussions. Politicizing this process could ultimately challenge human health, technology, and economic growth.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Primary Care Physicians Regarding Tight Control of Blood Glucose in IDDM Patients
Authors: Marilyn Tuttleman, Lois Lipsett, Maureen I Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate attitudes and practices of primary-care physicians toward tight blood glucose control in IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A mail and telephone questionnaire survey was conducted on a systematic, stratified sample of 1429 family-practice physicians, general practitioners, internists, and pediatricians in active practice in the United States who treated patients with IDDM. Physicians were asked about methods they used for clinical and laboratory assessment of blood glucose control and about their attitudes and beliefs in treating IDDM. They were asked also what they consider to be acceptable ranges for blood glucose and HbA1 in IDDM patients. A score was developed reflecting three criteria for tight blood glucose control: fasting glucose 70–120 mg/dl (3.9–6.7 mM), 2-h postprandial glucose &amp;lt;180 mg/dl (&amp;lt;10 mM), and HbA1 &amp;lt;8% (the nondiabetic value was specified as 5–7%). Physicians were accorded one point when their acceptable range agreed with an intensive treatment criterion (range for score 0–3). RESULTS Only 31% of physicians agreed with all three criteria for tight control of blood glucose; 37% agreed with none or only one of the standards. Pediatricians were particularly low in their agreement with the HbA1 standard. Physicians who agreed with one of the three criteria often did not agree with the other two. With increasing value for the score, there was a greater proportion of physicians whose management practices (e.g., frequent measurement of HbA1 multiple insulin injections, patient SMBG, use of dietitian/educator in care of patients) are conducive toward tight control of blood glucose. However, even among physicians with a score of 3, HbA1 was ordered infrequently, three or more insulin injections/day was prescribed rarely, patient SMBG was less than fully endorsed, and both a dietitian and diabetes educator were used by a minority of physicians. CONCLUSIONS It appears that primary-care physicians are not fully aware of recommended criteria for intensive treatment of blood glucose in IDDM patients or of the importance of multiple insulin injections, use of HbA1; and patient SMBG. Physician practice behaviors are less than optimal for intensive management of IDDM patients, even among physicians who agree with all three standards for intensive treatment of blood glucose in IDDM.
Housing and health: Families and flats.
Authors: S Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1990)

No other housing system in Britain has such a bad reputation as flats.High rise, tower block, slab block, and even low rise are used as terms of abuse.Blocks of flats began to dominate the skyline in the 1960s in response to a great demand for new housing and the development of new, often untested, building techniques that offered the promise of quickly produc- ing high density, low cost housing.Many of those blocks are now run down, ugly, and vandalised, and they have gained a reputation for being unhealthy.Do they really deserve this image?
Hemoglobin Okaloosa (β48 (CD7) Leucine → Arginine). AN UNSTABLE VARIANT WITH LOW OXYGEN AFFINITY
Authors: S. Charache, B. Brimhall, P. Milner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A slow-moving hemoglobin with electrophoretic mobility similar to that of hemoglobin S was discovered in a white laboratory technologist. She had an elevated reticulocyte count, as did several members of her family. Her red cell survival was shortened. Amino acid analysis indicated that leucine at position beta48 (CD7) had been replaced by arginine. The abnormal hemoglobin, called Okaloosa, was heat-precipitable and had decreased oxygen affinity. It exhibited a greater change in oxygen affinity than hemoglobin A when 2,3 DPG was added to "stripped" hemolysates. These findings cannot be readily explained by current views of structure-function relationships in the hemoglobin molecule. However, it is of interest that the amino acid in position CD7 is normally leucine in the alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-hemoglobin chains and in the myoglobin chain of man and a wide variety of other vertebrates.
Lymphoma, A Complication of Renal Allotransplantation in Man
Authors: James C. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Three cases of reticulum cell sarcoma occurred in 151 renal allotransplant recipients during the course of 438 patient years of survival, an incidence of 0.7% per year. This incidence was more than 100 times greater than that in the general population and far greater than that for other types of malignant tumors in transplant recipients. It is suggested that the presence of the foreign organ transplant together with the immunosuppressive therapy was responsible for this remarkable increase in the incidence of lymphoma. Nevertheless, the benefits of renal transplantation with current methods still make it the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease.
Penicillin and Early Syphilis
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>Early Therapy for Syphilis</h3> Paul Ehrlich's dream of the therapia magna sterilisans for early syphilis — destroying the spirochetes en masse with a single intravenous (IV) injection of arsphenamine, the 606th compound he designed and tried for this purpose — seemed in 1912 to have been realized, but it was not. Patients treated in this way relapsed by the hundreds, and dermatologists — practitioners of the specialty that still treated most cases of syphilis in those years because the diagnosis had to be made dermatologically and only confirmed serologically — learned by many failures that (1) heavy metals (mercury or, later, bismuth) had to be alternated with the arsenic and (2) therapy, unless prolonged for a minimum of two or three years, achieved only temporary success. The complexity of syphilotherapy and its simplification by penicillin are perhaps most dramatically illustrated by the space required to describe the treatment of syphilis