tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
(17) Histopathology of giant congenital melanocytic naevi: implications for treatment
Authors: D.A. Fenton, B. Mayou, D. Atherton, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Giant hairy naevi pose not only cosmetic problems, but also therapeutic difficulties because of the increased risk of malignant melanoma. Prophylactic full thickness excision and grafting have previously been recommended for such lesions, but because of the large size this is not always practical. Following observations that in the neonatal period, naevus cells are superficial (predominantly in the papillary dermis) and only later migrate into reticular dermis, some authors have suggested that dermabrasion or shaving of the naevi must be performed soon after birth, as an alternative therapy. We studied 26 children with giant congenital melanocytic naevi to assess: (i) the histological progression with age; (ii) correlation of clinical and histological appearance; and (iii) results of shaving in the treatment of these naevi. Initial biopsies revealed that naevus cells often occupy the entire dermis, even in the neonatal period, and not infrequently involve the subcutis. Melanocytes showed little organization into nests. Follow-up biopsies of all naevi showed no change in histological pattern or progression in depth with age, despite changes in clinical appearance. Post-shaving biopsies revealed that although the epidermis and sometimes the papillary dermis were removed, all the deeper dermal, subcutaneous and fascial components of the naevi remained. In conclusion our data suggest that: (i) many congenital melanocytic naevi already show deep dermal involvement in the neonatal period; this does not support the hypothesis that naevus cells migrate into the dermis during infancy; (ii) there is no change in naevus depth with age; (iii) shaving does not remove all the naevus cells, and should only be considered as a cosmetic procedure, Three cases showed regeneration of melanocytes following shaving, similar to what is described as the ‘pseudomelanoma’ phenomenon.
Modulation of rat skeletal muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in vivo. Effects of dietary protein and meal consumption.
Authors: K P Block, R P Aftring, W B Mehard, M G Buse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The effects of dietary protein on the activity of skeletal muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) were investigated. BCKAD is rate-limiting for branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism by muscle; its activity is modulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. In rats fed an adequate protein (25% casein) diet, BCKAD was approximately 2% active postabsorptively and increased to 10% or 16% active after a 25% or 50% protein meal, respectively. Prolonged feeding of a 50% protein diet increased postabsorptive BCKAD activity to 7% with further increases to 40% active postprandially. On a low protein (9% casein) diet BCKAD remained approximately 2% active regardless of meal-feeding. Dose-dependent activation of BCKAD by intravenous leucine in postabsorptive rats was blunted by a low protein diet. We conclude that excesses of dietary protein enhance the capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize BCAA, muscle conserves BCAA when protein intake is inadequate, and skeletal muscle may play an important role in whole-body BCAA homeostasis.
Autologous Transplant of Submandibular Gland as a Source of Tears: Demonstration of Function on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy
Authors: Barry E. Chatterton, John L. Crompton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Severe damage to the cornea occurs if it dries. Autologous transplant of the submandibular salivary gland to supply conjunctival moisture is a therapeutic option, although saliva itself may be incompatible with a long-term healthy cornea. A 65-year-old man with previous denervation of his left lacrimal gland resulting from neurosurgical complications presented with chronic keratitis 13 years after an autologous vascularized transplant of his right submandibular gland into the temporal fossa. Its secretory duct was implanted into the conjunctival fornix. The scan was performed to determine the location and extent of functioning graft tissue before possible removal.
The Treatment of Lateral Curvature of the Spine
Authors: B. Roth
Journal: BMJ (1882)

69i "My neck is so sore."Such phrases should rather make the mother, or at any rate the surgeon, apprehensive; and the child should be stripped stark naked 'and thoroughly examined, on several occasions if necessary; for, as Howard Marsh says, although angular curvature may not be detected in a suspected case, still it must not be concluded that the spine is sound.On hearing that a child has slight and obscure pains, which we may attribute to the result of an injury to the spine, one must be particularly careful not to treat the case lightly.One is inclined to say to the mother " I do not think it serious."But, often, rest is as necessary as if one could see with the naked eye incipient osseous changes.The earlier the treatment is begun, the better.Better even that two boys should be treated for spinal disease, where, after all, no dis- ease existed, than that treatment should be delayed for a third boy, because the symptoms of the disease were not unequivocal.And now a few words as regards treatment.In my opinion, the best method consists in placing the child at once on his back, on a firm flat horse-hair mattress, without a pillow.And there he must be kept, lying in absolute rest-by means of armlets, if necessary-for an inde.finite time.If the disease be taken at the onset, that is, in the stage ofinflammatory osteitis, a few weeks' rest may have the effect of causing the surgeon to wonder if his original and early opinion was, after all, correct.So much the better.But, if it be a matter of months, the small mattress may be carried out into the garden as a litter, or put upon an easily going wheel-chair.Later on, a plaster-of-Paris jacket should be carefully moulded over the trunk, from just above the great trochanters high up into the arm-pits; but no suspension need be used.There is, in my opinion, no better splinting that that afforded by a Sayre's jacket, though that may be a matter for discussion.But I will insist on this: that, if a jacket be put on the child with early spinal dis- ease, the patient must still be kept in bed, or else we are not obtaining for it that near approach to absolute rest of which we all talk so much.Little children do not fret, or become thin, because they are kept in bed they are, when well managed, as patient as those of maturer years.The head of the bed may be raised by blocks beneath the legs, so that the inmate may get a better view of what is going on around him.
Aiming at minimal invasiveness as a therapeutic strategy for Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Aurélie Plessier, Annie Sibert, Yann Consigny, Antoine Hakime, Magaly Zappa, Marie-Hélène Denninger, Bertrand Condat, Olivier Farges, Carine Chagneau, Victor de Ledinghen, Claire Francoz, Alain Sauvanet, Valérie Vilgrain, Jacques Belghiti, François Durand, Dominique Valla
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The 1-year spontaneous mortality rate in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) approaches 70%. No prospective assessment of indications and impact on survival of current therapeutic procedures has been performed. We evaluated a therapeutic strategy uniformly applied during the last 8 years in a single referral center. Fifty-one consecutive patients first received anticoagulation and were treated for associated diseases. Symptomatic patients were considered for hepatic vein recanalization; then for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and finally for liver transplantation. The absence of a complete response led to the next procedure. Assessment was according to the strategy, whether procedures were technically applicable and successful. At entry, median (range) Child-Pugh score and Clichy prognostic index were 8 (5-12), and 5.4 (3.1-7.7), respectively. A complete response was achieved on medical therapy alone in 9 patients; after recanalization in 6, TIPS in 20, liver transplantation in 9, and retransplantation in 1. Of the 41 patients considered for recanalization, the procedure was not feasible in 27 and technically unsuccessful in 3. Of the 34 patients considered for TIPS, the procedure was considered not feasible in 9 and technically unsuccessful in 4. At 1 year of follow-up, a complete response to TIPS was achieved in 84%. One- and 5-year survival from starting anticoagulation were 96% (95% CI, 90-100) and 89% (95% CI, 79-100), respectively. In conclusion, excellent survival can be achieved in BCS patients when therapeutic procedures are introduced by order of increasing invasiveness, based on the response to previous therapy rather than on the severity of the patient's condition.
Platelet functional implications of glycoprotein Ibα polymorphisms in African Americans
Authors: Marlene S. Williams, Ladina S. Ng'alla, Dhananjay Vaidya
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract The platelet glycoprotein Ibα is crucial in the binding of platelets to Von Willebrand Factor within areas of high stress. A single nucleotide polymorphism of GP Ibα gives rise to the Ko a (HPA‐2b) and the ‐5C Kozak polymorphism. The presence of these polymorphisms has been associated with an increased risk for atherothrombotic disease. The Ko a polymorphism has been shown to have a higher prevalence in African Americans compared to American Caucasians. However, very little is known regarding any functional consequences of these platelet polymorphisms in African Americans. We assessed the prevalence of the Ko and ‐5C Kozak polymorphisms in a population of both African American and American Caucasian patients with and without CAD and determined whether there were platelet functional consequences in both groups. We studied 99 patients of which 22 were African American and 77 were American Caucasian. Aggregations were performed and shear induced platelet plug formation was tested using a platelet function analyzer. The HPA‐2b allele was significantly higher in African Americans when compared to Caucasians ( P = 0.001). Genotype frequencies of the ‐5C Kozak polymorphism were not significantly different between the two groups. We found no differences in platelet aggregation in African Americans who were either heterozygous or homozygous for the HPA‐2b allele or the ‐5C Kozak allele when compared to American Caucasians of the same category. We found no significant differences in PFA‐100 testing. We conclude from our study that these polymorphisms do not lead to altered platelet function in African Americans. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
POST-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL SECTION IN WOMEN.
Authors: WALTER B. CHASE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

tifie one than we are accustomed to have on this subject.Deaths from appendicitis are much more common than they have been in the past.Even medical men seem to be especially afflicted with it.All through the country people are dying from appendicitis.A young lady, who had gone to Virginia Beach for the benefit of her health, developed appendicitis, and her physician recognizing it, gave her a note to me.I ex- amined her carefully and told her to have her appendix out.She wanted to see her mother in New York first, and while there Dr. Boldt operated, and she made a beautiful recovery.Tubercular appendicitis is common.About 2 per cent, is my own experience.You will find that where you have a tubercular appendix you have a localized patch of tubercular bowel, which you may have to remove.I find that a tuber- cular peritoneum is very much like a fine baby, the rougher you are with him the better he enjoys it, and the better he thrives.Separate the bowels, split the mesentery on both sides, expose it to the air, look at the right side, then at the left of the mesentery.The dry treatment is the most success- ful.If you can free all the adhesions without injury to the bowel they all get well.Injuries to the bowel rarely heal and the cases end fatally.Dr. Pryor gives us a series of 173 operations and recoveries for diseased viscera, in which it was necessary to remove the appendix two or three days later.I found the appendix in- volved and primarily affected in 69 per cent, of cases of disease of the pelvic viscera.I remove the appendix at the time of operation because there is very little additional inconvenience to the patient.Some years ago, I removed the appendix of a nursing infant.It was a midnight operation, and the re- sulting peritonitis was general and fatal.A man was admitted recently to some hospital for a stab wound.He also had appendicitis.The surgeon on opening the abdomen found the appendix perforated and removed it.I allude to this to show you how common it is.Some few sur- geons, and I am satisfied the few I allude to ought to play with their grandchildren, always stand on two stools.On opening the abdomen before his class he will always say "gen- tlemen, this is a case of no appendix" ; when he can not find it.When to operate depends wholly on the diagnosis.I think it should be, and it can be made early.The methods of oper- ating are too nummerous.A simple, rapid and safe proce- dure is that of cutting the appendix from the head of the cecum as you would a rotten apple.You can simply cut it out after introducing three or four ligatures and then close up the wound.Transfixion or circular ligation, the cautery and carbolic acid are unsurgical.I have noticed that it is very easy indeed to recognize the condition after anesthesia; much better than before.If you are in doubt about the operation etherize the patient and inform the family that additional ef- forts of the therapeutic sort are wrong and dangerous.I would rather operate 99 doubtful cases than to lose one that should be saved.None of your appendicitis cases should die.
Infants and Interactive Media Use
Authors: Victor Strasburger, Don Shifrin, Gil Fuld
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
NOVEL ROLE OF PLATELET REACTIVITY AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING FOLLOWING ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: THE REMODELING STUDY
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, Yongwhi Park, Jin Sin Koh, Jeong Rang Park, Choong Hwan Kwak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Evaluation of a method for clinically assessing osteoarthritis of the knee.
Authors: A Jones, N Hopkinson, M Pattrick, P Berman, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A system for assessing symptoms (pain, stiffness, gelling) and signs (local temperature, effusion, tenderness, synovial swelling, popliteal cyst, crepitus) of osteoarthritis of the knee has been developed. The system has been assessed for intra- and interobserver variation using normal and osteoarthritic knees. Intraobserver variability is low for all indices but interobserver variability is high for physical signs. It is suggested that the components within this system, when applied by a single observer, may provide a reasonable framework for clinical assessment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HYPERTENSION. REDUCING AND NITROGENOUS FRACTIONS IN PROTEIN-FREE BLOOD FILTRATES
Authors: Raymond F. Holden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

The literature concerning non-glucose reducing substancesin the blood in clinical states involving vascular hypertension has apparently been limited to observations incidental to other problems.In 1925, certain investigators (1) found some in- crease in the non-glucose reducing fraction of zinc hydroxide (Hagedorn-Jensen) blood filtrates from patients with glomerulonephritis, some of whom presumably had hypertension.In 1927, Somogyi (2) noted an increase of reducing non- sugars in tungstic acid filtrates from patients with high nitrogen retention.Other authors (3), in 1929, reported significant amounts of non-fer- mentable reducing substance in mercury filtrates from 2 patients with advanced hypertensive disease.This report describes primarily the determination of non-fermentable reducing substance and non-urea nitrogen in protein-free blood filtrates from hypertensive subjects.The patients are classified into 2 groups, one with normal, the other with elevated blood non-protein nitrogen levels, in an effort to demonstrate any corresponding variationo, in the fractions under consideration.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Blood for analysis was drawn into flasks containing sodium oxalate as anticoagulant.Deproteinization and analysis were performed promptly.Some filtrates were stored overnight in stoppered bottles, in a cold room at 3 to 4°C., pending analysis.This did not appear to affect the results in any way.Most of the blood samples were obtained under fasting conditions.Urea clearances were determined by a method described in 1928 (4).Mean blood pressures were recorded.ANALYTICAL METHODS Zinc hydroxide precipitation was performed according to Somogyi (2).Tungstic acid precipitation was carried out by the'Folin and Wu (5) technic, as modified.by'
The Arthritis of Viral Hepatitis
Authors: ROBERT FERNANDEZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Two cases of arthritis and one of "arthralgia" eventuating in viral hepatitis are presented; all three cases were negative for Australia · serum hepatitis antigen. The arthritis of viral hepatitis in the one case that was examined serially was characterized as a nonmigratory, symmetrical, poly-periarthritis that lasted 6 weeks before evidence of hepatitis appeared.
"ON SALE OR RETURN."
Authors: R. H. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1910)

z iot 84In the sabe number Dr. Cooper writes: (b) Indigents; that is, those who have ordinarily not enough to live on . . .I would fix the wage limit of this class at £1 a week.Any one earning on an average less than this ... isj in my opinion, quite unable to pay aniything towards the cost of medical attendance.... Nine-tenths of my patients earn from 15s. to 18s. a week, making a little more in harvest, but losing time whenever the weather is unfavourable.Yet they pay me, and pay well, and readily.And Dr. Cooper would sweep them all, and with them all the agricultural workmen, in to the arms of the Poor Law.Is the publication of such opinions as these going to help the general practitioner?I doubt it.Surely it is not too much to ask that when a man is about to put out such ideas in the organ of the profession he should take the trouble to inquire what the effect may
Comparison of NADH and NADPH oxidase activities in granules isolated from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with a fluorometric assay.
Authors: D Iverson, L R DeChatelet, J K Spitznagel, P Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

A fluormetric method for the determination of pyridine nucleotides has been adapted for use in studying the reduced pyridine nucleotide oxidases in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the presence of strong base the oxidized forms of the pyridine nucleotides form a highly fluorescent product. The small amounts of NAD(P) formed by the oxidase reactions can be determined with great sensitivity. This method has been compared to the radioisotopic assay for NADPH oxidation. Both methods gave essentially the same results in terms of nanomoles NADP produced by control, resting, and phagocytizing samples. Both NADPH and NADH oxidase activities were insensitive to cyanide. NADPH oxidation had a pH optimum of 5.5, while that for NADH appeared to be 6.0. Granules isolated from phagocytizing cells routinely showed more activity toward both substrates (two to threefold) than granules from resting cells. Both activities were located primarily in a granule fraction prepared by differential centrifugation. Oxidation of NADPH was routinely four to five times that of NADH at all except very high substrate levels. Measurable NADH oxidation was rarely seen below 0.80 mM NADH, while NADPH oxidation was easily measurable at 0.20 mM. One patient with chronic granulomatous disease was studied. At low substrate levels, there was no activity toward either substrate in granules isolated from either resting or phagocytizing cells of this patient, while granules isolated from normal control cells showed substantial activity at these substrate levels. Purification of the activities had been initiated with linear sucrose gradients. Both activities co-sediment to a very dense region of the gradient, a region different from that in which membrane or azurophil granules usually equilibrate. The peak gradient fractions show a 10-30-fold increase in specific activity over comparable granule fractions. These data suggest that the oxidase activities are associated with one enzyme that has different affinities for the two substrates ans support the contention that the oxidation of NADPH is responsible for the metabolic burst accompanying phagocytosis in human PMNL.