tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS OF BACILLUS DYSENTERIÆ SHIGA
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, I. J. Kligler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

With the methods which have been described we have separated an exotoxin and an endotoxin from cultures of the Shiga dysenteric bacillus. The study of the nature and effect of the poison of this microorganism is thus simplified. The two toxins are physically and biologically distinct. The exotoxin is relatively heat-labile, arises in the early period of growth, and yields an antiexotoxic immune serum. The endotoxin, on the other hand, is heat-stable, is formed in the later period of growth, and is not neutralized by the antiexotoxic serum. The exotoxin exhibits a specific affinity for the central nervous organs in the rabbit, giving rise to a characteristic lesion-mainly, hemorrhages, necroses, and possibly a perivascular infiltration in the gray matter of the upper spinal cord and medulla. The endotoxin exerts a typical action on the intestinal tract, producing edema, hemorrhages, necroses, and ulcerations, especially in the large intestine. In dysentery in man the intestinal lesions predominate, but in severe epidemics paralysis and neuritis have been observed (Osler(17)). These facts become specially significant from the standpoint of the serum therapy of bacillary dysentery. A potent antidysenteric serum should contain antibodies against the exotoxin as well as the endotoxin. That such a serum can be produced in horses has been experimentally demonstrated.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Factors
Authors: Ken Williams, Howard M. Monroe
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiopeptin inhibits intimal hyperplasia after angioplasty in porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: E D Santoian, J E Schneider, M B Gravanis, M Foegh, N Tarazona, G D Cipolla, S B King
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Restenosis is mediated by uncontrolled neointimal growth at the site of coronary angioplasty. Angiopeptin is an octapeptide analogue of somatostatin that has been shown to decrease the experimental intimal hyperplasia associated with vascular injury in rats and rabbits. The study purpose was to determine if angiopeptin inhibits the development of intimal hyperplasia in normolipemic swine coronary arteries after overstretch-balloon injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Overstretch-balloon injury was performed in normolipemic swine coronary arteries using a 3.5-mm angioplasty balloon. Treated animals received angiopeptin (50 micrograms/kg) 1 hour before and at the time of balloon injury. Angiopeptin was administered at 100 (micrograms/kg)/day SQ in two divided doses for 14 days. Animals were killed at 14 and 28 days (2 weeks after cessation of angiopeptin) after balloon injury. Treatment animals were compared with control animals receiving balloon injury alone. Angiopeptin significantly limited the experimental intimal hyperplasia estimated by the maximal intimal thickness and residual lumen (lumen area/lumen area+intimal area) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Angiopeptin inhibits the development of intimal hyperplasia in swine coronary arteries after balloon injury. The beneficial effect was detectable 2 weeks after cessation of angiopeptin therapy.
Warm Feet, Warm Heart
Authors: E. Fritz Schmerl
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  As a practicing geriatrician I have found the common misery of cold feet in bed can indeed be remedied, and I wish to add to the answers given to the inquiry about a 74-year-old man with cold feet. 1   Some people with cold feet benefit from a preventive program of regular bedtime calisthenics, which may help to compensate for the long sedentary evenings so common these days.  And the prospect of cold feet is another reason why physicians should advocate that older people continue to share their bed as long as possible. It warms not only the feet, but the heart.
1139-60 An intravascular ultrasound analysis from FUTURE I, the first human experience using everolimus-eluting stents: Six- and 12-month results
Authors: Shinjo Sonoda, Eberhard Grube, Yoshihisa Shimada, Ali H.M Hassan, Paul G Yock, Charles Chan, Hidehiko Honda, Saibal Kar, Alexandra J Lansky, Peter J Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Comparison of Rabies Vaccines Grown on Duck Embryo and on Nervous Tissue
Authors: Frederic A. Gibbs, Erna L. Gibbs, Phyllis R. Carpenter, Harold W. Spies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN the course of electroencephalographic studies on patients with and on persons being immunized against virus diseases, we had occasion to record the electroencephalograms of several persons with neurologic symptoms that developed during vaccination against rabies. In each case the electroencephalogram showed slowing of cortical activity. In view of these findings we decided to record electroencephalograms on as many persons as possible before, during and after immunization against rabies. At the time these studies were begun, all rabies vaccines were being produced on Central-nervous-system tissue, and all admittedly produced allergic encephalomyelitis "in rare instances."1 In 1 out of 2025 persons . . .
Reviewing new, very complicated drugs
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Risk for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer-Associated Synchronous and Metachronous Malignancies in Patients with Microsatellite Instability-Positive Endometrial Carcinoma Lacking <b> <i>MLH1</i> </b> Promoter Methylation
Authors: Barbara M. Buttin, Matthew A. Powell, David G. Mutch, Janet S. Rader, Thomas J. Herzog, Randall K. Gibb, Phyllis Huettner, Tina Bocker Edmonston, Paul J. Goodfellow
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate number and types of synchronous and metachronous malignancies in patients with endometrial carcinoma with and without microsatellite instability (MSI). Experimental Design: From a series of 413 endometrial cancer patients, we identified 94 patients with MSI-positive (MSI+) cancers and grouped them by tumor MLH1 promoter methylation status. These 94 patients were matched by year of surgery to 94 patients with MSI-negative (MSI−) endometrial cancers from the same series. Medical records were reviewed for clinicopathologic information including rates and types of synchronous and metachronous malignancies. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)-associated second and third cancers were analyzed for MSI and MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 expression for comparison with the corresponding endometrial cancers. Results: The MSI+ and MSI− cohorts were similar with regard to age, race, grade, and histology. Twenty-eight MSI+ endometrial cancers (29.8%) were MLH1 unmethylated. Rates of synchronous and metachronous cancers were also similar in the MSI+ and MSI− groups at 20 and 23%, respectively. However, patients with MSI+ MLH1 unmethylated endometrial cancers had an excess of HNPCC-associated second and third cancers compared with those with MSI+ MLH1 methylated and MSI− endometrial cancers (18% versus 4.5%, P = 0.034, and 2.1%, P = 0.002). Six of seven second tumors from 5 patients with MSI+ MLH1 unmethylated endometrial cancers showed concordant MSI and mismatch repair protein expression status. Conclusions: Our observation that patients with MSI-positive MLH1 unmethylated endometrial carcinoma are at increased risk for HNPCC-associated synchronous and metachronous malignancies suggests inherited cancer susceptibility. These patients and their families may warrant more intense cancer surveillance.
Revisiting KDIGO clinical practice guideline on chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder: a commentary from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes controversies conference
Authors: Markus Ketteler, Grahame J. Elder, Pieter Evenepoel, Joachim H. Ix, Sophie A. Jamal, Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust, Rukshana Shroff, Ravi I. Thadhani, Marcello A. Tonelli, Bertram L. Kasiske, David C. Wheeler, Mary B. Leonard
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Arsenic Contamination of Museum Artifacts Repatriated to a Native American Tribe
Authors: Steven A. Seifert, Leslie V. Boyer, Nancy Odegaard, David R. Smith, Kurt E. Dongoske
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inappropriate constriction of small coronary vessels as a possible cause of a positive exercise test early after successful coronary angioplasty.
Authors: H el-Tamimi, G J Davies, P Sritara, D Hackett, F Crea, A Maseri
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The mechanism responsible for exercise-induced myocardial ischemia early after successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is poorly understood.Twelve patients who underwent one-vessel PTCA were studied. Exercise testing was performed before and on day 7 after PTCA, which was repeated after 10 mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate if the test was positive. Quantitative coronary arteriography was also performed on day 8 after PTCA in the basal state, after intracoronary infusion of 0.9% saline, 1, 5, 10, and 20 micrograms ergonovine, and after 300 micrograms nitroglycerin. All patients had a positive exercise test before PTCA but on day 7, six patients had a positive exercise test (group 1) and six patients (group 2) had a negative exercise test. In group 1, all positive exercise tests on day 7 became negative when repeated after isosorbide dinitrate. Intracoronary ergonovine was associated with a dose-dependent constriction of the PTCA segment, a segment distal to it, and a control segment, with no significant difference in the magnitude of the response between the two groups; maximum constriction for group 1 was 19 +/- 3%, 23 +/- 2%, and 16 +/- 3% (p less than 0.001 versus basal), and in group 2 was 20 +/- 4%, 18 +/- 4%, and 9 +/- 2% (p less than 0.01 versus basal). No angina, ischemic ST segment changes, occlusive, or subocclusive spasm occurred in any patient of either group.We could find no evidence that exercise-induced myocardial ischemia early after PTCA is related to the presence of fixed angiographic restenosis or to dynamic constriction of any epicardial coronary segment. Therefore, inappropriate small coronary vessel constriction responsive to nitrates should be considered as a possible alternative explanation.
Nobel winner dies three days before prize announcement
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

This year’s Nobel prize in physiology or medicine has been won by three researchers whose work offers insights into the activation and regulation of the immune system. Announcing its decision in Stockholm on 2 October, the awards committee said that the work had opened the way to developing new methods for preventing and treating disease.

The three winners are Bruce Beutler, a professor of genetics and immunology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California; Jules Hoffmann, who worked at the University of Strasbourg until 2009; and Ralph Steinman, director of Rockefeller University’s Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases in New York.

Unbeknown to the Nobel Assembly, Dr Steinman had died …
A neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (α7) is developmentally regulated and forms a homo-oligomeric channel blocked by α-BTX
Authors: Sabine Couturier, Daniel Bertrand, Jean-Marc Matter, Maria-Clemencia Hernandez, Sonia Bertrand, Neil Millar, Soledad Valera, Thomas Barkas, Marc Ballivet
Journal: Neuron (1990)
Improving Access to Mental Health Care and Psychosocial Support within a Fragile Context: A Case Study from Afghanistan
Authors: Peter Ventevogel, Willem van de Put, Hafizullah Faiz, Bibiane van Mierlo, Majeed Siddiqi, Ivan H. Komproe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

As one article in a series on Global Mental Health Practice, Peter Ventevogel and colleagues provide a case study of their efforts to integrate brief, practice-oriented mental health training into the Afghanistan health care system at a time when the system was being rebuilt from scratch.
Andrews' Disease of the Skin
Authors: W. B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I want to record a strong dissent to the book reviewer's assessment of the seventh edition of<i>Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology</i>(1982;247:3268). This book should not be dismissed lightly. It has been a popular reference for the past 52 years. Now that Andrews and his collaborator, Domonkos, are dead, this new edition introduces the reader to the considerable skills and literary grace of two distinguished clinicians, Harry L. Arnold, Jr, and Richard B. Odom. Thus, it was with surprise that I found the reviewer did not recommend this text because its therapeutic approach was idiosyncratic. To pursue the matter, I counted no less than 1,431 therapeutic recommendations within my copy of the new book. In my opinion, only seven of these were clearly idiosyncratic. In the real world of therapy, one might yearn for many more such examples of personal, non-Food and Drug Administration-approved
Prevention and the new US health reform act
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Important but overlooked benefits were snuck into the bill



Contrary to many predictions (including mine: BMJ 2010;340:c500, doi:10.1136/bmj.c500), President Obama and the Democrats found the will and the tricky mechanism to pass sweeping healthcare reform legislation. Now that the bills have been signed into law, everyone is discussing what will happen and when. Critics of all persuasions are no less active than they were before passage.

Critics from the right say that the programme will do nothing to staunch the haemorrhaging of spending on health care and thus will only worsen our dire economic situation. Critics from the left say that the new law is like treating cancer with morphine ( BMJ 2010;340:c1778, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1778)—that it will bring temporary relief but won’t alter the root cause of the problem, which they say is the private insurance system.

To some extent, both sets of critics are right. But at this point it seems to me that the only question remaining is the same one facing Congress last month when they voted: was this bill, imperfect as it was, better than doing nothing? …
High sustained virologic response rates in children with chronic hepatitis C receiving peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin
Authors: Stefan Wirth, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx, Maria Angeles Calzado, Flavia Bortolotti, Lucia Zancan, Paloma Jara, Mark Shelton, Nanda Kerkar, Marcela Galoppo, Alejandra Pedreira, Norberto Rodriguez-Baez, Mirta Ciocca, Alain Lachaux, Florence Lacaille, Thomas Lang, Ulrike Kullmer, Wolf Dietrich Huber, Teresita Gonzalez, Henry Pollack, Estella Alonso, Pierre Broue, Jyoti Ramakrishna, Deborah Neigut, Antonio del Valle-Segarra, Bessie Hunter, Zachery Goodman, Christine R. Xu, Hanzhe Zheng, Stephanie Noviello, Vilma Sniukiene, Clifford Brass, Janice K. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Insulin as a Growth Hormone
Authors: J. Salter, C. H. Best
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The effect of insulin on the growth of animals deprived of the pituitary gland has not previously been reported.*The well-known obstacle has been the great sensitivity of the hypophysectomized animal to the antidiabetic hormone.Using slow-acting insulin in gradually increasing amounts and a high carbohydrate diet attractive to the animal and constantly available, we have been able to stimulate rapid growth in completely hypophysectomized rats.These animals exhibit an increase in all the main body constituents and a very definite augmentation of skeletal growth.The methods used, the details of the results, and their potential significance in physiology and medicine will be presented and briefly discussed.Methods The hypophysectomized rats were secured from the Hor- mone Assay Company.Completeness of the operation was confirmed at necropsy and no anterior pituitary tissue has thus far been found.One daily injection of protamine zinc insulin (Toronto), 40 units per ml., has been administered subcutaneously.The first lot may have contained a little hyperglycaemic factor, but this material could not be detected in subsequent ones.The composition of the diet was as follows: commercial dog food containing horse meat 892 g., white bread crumbs 345 g., whole wheat flour 396 g., glucose 80 g., and 1 quart of whole milk.Animals in all groups ate the same diet ad libitum.The food intake and the weight of each rat were measured *Preliminary notes on this work have appeared (Salter and Best, 1952, 1953).daily.Organs were removed at necropsy, weighed, and returned to the carcass, which, minus the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract, was finely minced and then homo- genized in a blender.Representative aliquots were thus available for the determinations of protein, fat, and water, which were carried out by standard and regularly checked methods.The tibia test of Greenspan et al. ( 1949) was performed to evaluate skeletal growth.In our second experiment two tibiae were removed from each carcass.One was placed in neutral formalin for the above-mentioned test, and the second was fixed in formol calcium.Paraffin sections were prepared and stained with H. and E. and Mallory's connective-tissue stains.
Recent advances: General surgery
Authors: C. U Corvera, K. S Kirkwood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In the modern era of managed care, surgeons have been pressured to re-evaluate the management of many common disease processes and seek cost effective measures while maintaining the quality of patient care. Recent advances in anaesthesia and minimal access surgery have facilitated the remarkable expansion of ambulatory or “short stay” surgery. As a result, patients with gall stones, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and peptic ulcers now have less morbidity and shorter hospital stays.

The topics in this article were selected after we conducted an informal survey among the general surgeons at our institution. The consensus was that these topics, which have been influenced by managed care and advancing technology, represent the most recent and ongoing changes in general surgery. A Medline search for the topic ambulatory surgery used the keywords “ambulatory surgery,” “postoperative nausea and vomiting,” “propofol,” and “preemptive analgesia.” The keywords in the search for minimal access surgery were “laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,” “reflux disease,” “laparoscopic fundoplication,” “pancreatic pseudocyst,” and “perforated duodenal ulcer.” Additional keywords included “surgical treatment” and “laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery.” Articles published since 1995 formed the basis of this review.

Ambulatory surgery was introduced in 1970, and its widespread acceptance was influenced by patients, surgeons, and cost considerations. Today, the growth of outpatient surgery is fuelled by a healthcare industry that demands high quality care at a lower cost. The current competitive healthcare environment has exerted tremendous pressure on surgeons and hospitals to increase the number and variety of outpatient procedures. It has been estimated that by the year 2000, about 75% of all surgical procedures in the United States will be ambulatory procedures.1 The recent successful expansion of outpatient surgery is predicated on advances in anaesthesia and a sweeping acceptance of minimally invasive techniques.

The most common reasons for patients to require admission after …