tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Link between Lung Androgen Metabolism and the Emergence of Mature Epithelial Type II Cells
Authors: Pierre R. Provost, Marc Simard, Yves Tremblay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Lung maturation is delayed in male fetuses compared with female fetuses, which has been attributed to higher levels of androgens in the male lung. Our previous studies demonstrated that the genes encoding for the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) type 5 (androstenedione --> testosterone) and type 2 (the opposite reaction) are expressed in human epithelial type II (PTII)-like A549 cells and in human lung fibroblasts, respectively. Here, we aim to explain the physiological relevance of androgen synthesis by PTII cells. We showed that both 17 beta-HSD type 2 and type 5 genes are upregulated in correlation with the emergence of mature PTII cells in both male and female developing lungs of the mouse. In contrast, the androgen receptor gene is expressed equally in both sexes with no temporal regulation. We conclude that the expression profile of the 17 beta-HSD type 5 gene does not explain the presence of higher levels of androgen in the male fetal lung, but that androgen synthesis must be a normal feature of mature PTII cells for both sexes. The production of androgens after the emergence of mature PTII cells should negatively regulate PTII cell maturation and, thus, a role for androgens in cell reprogramming is suggested.
Cocaine-induced alterations in prostaglandin production in rabbit aorta
Authors: Eric J. Eichhorn, Saba E. Demian, Luis G. Alvarez, John E. Willard, Susan Molina, Lori L. Bartula, M. Dale Prince, Lindsey R. Inman, Paul A. Grayburn, Stuart I. Myers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Comprehensive Overview of the Structure and Regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor
Authors: Sofie Vandevyver, Lien Dejager, Claude Libert
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2014)

Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of numerous immune and inflammatory disorders. They exert their actions by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. There are several GR isoforms resulting from alternative RNA splicing and translation initiation of the GR transcript. Additionally, these isoforms are all subject to several transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, all of which affect the protein's stability and/or function. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the distinct GR isoforms and the processes that generate them. We also review the importance of all known transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, including the regulation of GR by microRNAs. Moreover, we discuss the crucial role of the putative GR-bound DNA sequence as an allosteric ligand influencing GR structure and activity. Finally, we describe how the differential composition and distinct regulation at multiple levels of different GR species could account for the wide and diverse effects of glucocorticoids.
Radioiodine and thyroid eye disease
Authors: J. P Walsh, C. M Dayan, M. J Potts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Ophthalmopathy is a characteristic feature of Graves' disease, although it is usually mild or subclinical. Enlargement of the extraocular muscle can be shown by computed tomography or magnetic resonance scanning in most patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism, but only in 10-25% of cases does this result in clinically important problems such as proptosis, conjunctival oedema, or ophthalmoplegia—and the dreaded complication of optic nerve compression is mercifully rare.1 When it does occur, however, severe thyroid eye disease is difficult to treat and may result in disfigurement, diplopia, or visual loss. Radioactive iodine (I-131) is widely used to treat the thyrotoxicosis of Graves' disease, but, despite its demonstrable efficacy and safety,2 there have long been concerns about its possible adverse effect on thyroid eye disease. Recently definitive evidence for this link has been presented.3 As a result, all doctors should now be aware that radioiodine should be used with caution in patients with ophthalmopathy.

In their large, well designed …
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is effective in the treatment of early-stage H pylori–positive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Sung-Hsin Kuo, Kun-Huei Yeh, Ming-Shiang Wu, Chung-Wu Lin, Ping-Ning Hsu, Hsiu-Po Wang, Li-Tzong Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Blood (2012)
Tissue culture studies in Hodgkin's disease morphologic, cytogenic, cell surface, and enzymatic properties of cultures derived from splenic tumors
Authors: JC Long, PC Zamecnik, AC Aisenberg, L Atkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Monolayer and suspension cell cultures prepared from Hodgkin's disease tumors in the spleen were examined microscopically and by cytogenetics, tested for lymphocyte and monocyte cell surface properties, and assayed for enzymes by histochemical and spectrophotometric techniques. Hodgkin's disease monolayer cultures were composed of rapidly proliferating round and polygonal cells that were capable of propagation in vitro for an indefinite period of time. Abnormal aneuploid chromosomes were found in short-term Hodgkin's disease monolayers that had been passaged 16-20 times, and in established cell lines carried in culture longer than 3 yr and passaged more than 200 times. Cells fromHodgkin's disease monolayers contained lysozyme (muramidase), fluoride-resistant alpha naphthol acetate esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and chymotrypsin-like activity. The monolayers did not exhibit specific cell surface markers or phagocytosis. Suspension cultures derived from Hodgkin's disease monolayers were composed of cells with aneuploid karyotypes and similar enzymes. The Hodgkin's disease suspension culture cells had surface receptors for complement and IgGFc, lacked surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, and did not form Erosettes, react with an antithymocyte serum, nor exhibit phagocytosis. Normal monolayer culture cells, derived from adult spleen and human fetal spleen and thymus, were composed of spindle cells with a diploid number of chromosomes that could be carried for only a finite period of time in vitro. Normal cultured cells contained similar esterases and phosphatases, but were devoid of lysozyme and chymotrypsin-like activity. The morphologic, cytogenetic, cell surface, and enzymatic findings indicate that our Hodgkin's disease monolayer and suspension cultures are composed of cells with many properties suggesting an origin from monocytes (macrophages) rather than lymphocytes or fibroblasts. The presence of aneuploid karyotypes is consistent with a neoplastic origin and derivation from a malignant cell of Hodgkin's disease.
NHS targets are distorting clinical need
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Doctors believe that most of the targets imposed by the Department of Health do not benefit patients and are damaging relations between doctors and managers, between doctors and patients, and between GPs and hospital doctors.

There was overwhelming support for a motion that said that the auditing of waiting times in emergency departments and the four hour target had a negative effect on the care of patients, and the meeting called on the BMA to lobby the government to change the system.

Dr Emma Bywaters, who works in accident and emergency medicine, told the meeting that although she did not like patients having to wait …
Whole-exome sequencing in splenic marginal zone lymphoma reveals mutations in genes involved in marginal zone differentiation
Authors: N Martínez, C Almaraz, J P Vaqué, I Varela, S Derdak, S Beltran, M Mollejo, Y Campos-Martin, L Agueda, A Rinaldi, I Kwee, M Gut, J Blanc, D Oscier, J C Strefford, J Martinez-Lopez, A Salar, F Sole, J L Rodriguez-Peralto, C Diez-Tascón, J F García, M Fraga, E Sebastián, J Alvés, J Menárguez, J González-Carreró, L F Casado, M Bayes, F Bertoni, I Gut, M A Piris
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
IRF4 Transcription Factor-Dependent CD11b+ Dendritic Cells in Human and Mouse Control Mucosal IL-17 Cytokine Responses
Authors: Andreas Schlitzer, Naomi McGovern, Pearline Teo, Teresa Zelante, Koji Atarashi, Donovan Low, Adrian W.S. Ho, Peter See, Amanda Shin, Pavandip Singh Wasan, Guillaume Hoeffel, Benoit Malleret, Alexander Heiseke, Samantha Chew, Laura Jardine, Harriet A. Purvis, Catharien M.U. Hilkens, John Tam, Michael Poidinger, E. Richard Stanley, Anne B. Krug, Laurent Renia, Baalasubramanian Sivasankar, Lai Guan Ng, Matthew Collin, Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli, Kenya Honda, Muzlifah Haniffa, Florent Ginhoux
Journal: Immunity (2013)

Mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) are composed of functionally specialized subsets, but precise interspecies correlation is currently incomplete. Here, we showed that murine lung and gut lamina propria CD11b+ DC populations were comprised of two subsets: FLT3- and IRF4-dependent CD24+CD64− DCs and contaminating CSF-1R-dependent CD24−CD64+ macrophages. Functionally, loss of CD24+CD11b+ DCs abrogated CD4+ T cell-mediated interleukin-17 (IL-17) production in steady state and after Aspergillus fumigatus challenge. Human CD1c+ DCs, the equivalent of murine CD24+CD11b+ DCs, also expressed IRF4, secreted IL-23, and promoted T helper 17 cell responses. Our data revealed heterogeneity in the mouse CD11b+ DC compartment and identifed mucosal tissues IRF4-expressing DCs specialized in instructing IL-17 responses in both mouse and human. The demonstration of mouse and human DC subsets specialized in driving IL-17 responses highlights the conservation of key immune functions across species and will facilitate the translation of mouse in vivo findings to advance DC-based clinical therapies.
Statistical significance and confidence intervals
Authors: P. M Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A prospective population based cohort study investigated the association between occupation and pregnancy outcome for mothers who had missed antenatal visits. The mean birth weight was 3371 g (95% confidence interval 3274 to 3469) and 3227 g (3140 to 3315 g) for babies born to mothers in non-manual and manual jobs, respectively. On the basis of the above information, which of the following can be deduced for mothers who missed antenatal visits?
Rad51 Promoter-Targeted Gene Therapy Is Effective for In Vivo Visualization and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Christopher M Hine, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Rad51 protein is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that a construct comprised Rad51 promoter driving expression of the diphtheria toxin A gene (pRad51-diphtheria toxin A (DTA)) destroys a variety of human cancer cell lines, with minimal to no toxicity to normal human cells. Here we delivered Rad51 promoter-based constructs in vivo using linear polyethylenimine nanoparticles, in vivo jetPEI, to visualize and treat tumors in mice with HeLa xenografts. For tumor detection, we used pRad51-Luc, a construct containing the firefly luciferase under the Rad51 promoter, administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Tumors were detected with an in vivo bioluminescent camera. All mice with cancer displayed strong bioluminescence, while mice without cancer displayed no detectable bioluminescence. Treatment with pRad51-DTA/jetPEI decreased tumor mass of subcutaneous (SC) and IP tumors by sixfold and fourfold, respectively, along with the strong reduction of malignant ascites. Fifty percent of the mice with SC tumors were cancer-free after six pRad51-DTA/jetPEI injections, and for the mice with IP tumors, mean survival time increased by 90% compared to control mice. This study demonstrates the clinical potential of pRad51-based constructs delivered by nanoparticles for the diagnostics and treatment of a wide range of cancers.
Duration of Resuscitation Efforts and Functional Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Joshua C. Reynolds, Adam Frisch, Jon C. Rittenberger, Clifton W. Callaway
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Functionally favorable survival remains low after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When initial interventions fail to achieve the return of spontaneous circulation, they are repeated with little incremental benefit. Patients without rapid return of spontaneous circulation do not typically survive with good functional outcome. Novel approaches to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have yielded functionally favorable survival in patients for whom traditional measures had failed, but the optimal transition point from traditional measures to novel therapies is ill defined. Our objective was to estimate the dynamic probability of survival and functional recovery as a function of resuscitation effort duration to identify this transition point. Methods and Results— Retrospective cohort study of a cardiac arrest database at a single site. We included 1014 adult (≥18 years) patients experiencing nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 2005 and 2011, defined as receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation from a professional provider. We stratified by functional outcome at hospital discharge (modified Rankin scale). Survival to hospital discharge was 11%, but only 6% had a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 3. Within 16.1 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.3%–95.8%) of patients with good functional outcome had achieved return of spontaneous circulation, and the probability of good functional recovery fell to 1%. Adjusting for prehospital and inpatient covariates, cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration (minutes) is independently associated with favorable functional status at hospital discharge (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.98; P =0.02). Conclusions— The probability of survival to hospital discharge with a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 3 declines rapidly with each minute of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Novel strategies should be tested early after cardiac arrest rather than after the complete failure of traditional measures.
Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Peter O. Kohler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Patients with pituitary adenomas present with diverse clinical syndromes related to the secretory activity of the tumor and the amount of residual normal pituitary tissue. Thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenomas are rare, but patients with this problem may be difficult to treat. The report by Comi and coworkers1 in this issue of the Journal contains evidence that a somatostatin analogue provides effective medical therapy for this uncommon hormone-producing pituitary adenoma. Several investigators, including those at the National Institutes of Health,2 3 4 have successfully used the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 in the treatment of patients with acromegaly. Comi and colleagues document the value . . .
Immune response to phi X 174 in man. 5. Primary and secondary antibody production in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: H C Thomas, R Holden, J V Jones, D B Peacock
Journal: Gut (1976)

In primary biliary cirrhosis, the primary immune response to the bacteriophage phi X 174 is normal but the secondary response is significantly reduced. The reduction is primarily of IgG antibody, while IgM is proportionately less affected. These changes may be the result of a reduction in helper T lymphocyte function and may contribute to the increase in the ratio of serum concentration of IgM to IgG.
Atlas of Cryosurgical Techniques in Ophthalmology
Authors: Gilbert W. Cleasby
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the traditional methods of altering or removing tissue, a new technique has been added: freezing. Interest in the surgical use of extreme cold goes far back into the history of medicine. Only in recent years has the scientific information provided by cryobiologists and the improved instrumentation provided by cryogenic engineers permitted controlled and deliberate employment of this physical agent. In this text, the author outlines the technique and instrumentation he has developed in his extensive clinical experience. Greatest emphasis is placed upon the details of lens extraction, although the outline of other potential applications indicates that cryosurgery will doubtless play an increasingly important role in ophthalmic surgery of the future. Although it would be of interest to have incorporated more information concerning the cryobiologic and cryogenic engineering principles involved, this book should serve as a helpful text for the ophthalmologist who is beginning his experience in cryosurgery.
The effectiveness of benzyl benzoate and different chemicals as acaricides
Authors: A. F. Kalpaklioglu, A. G. Ferizli, Z. Misirligil, Y. S. Demirel, L. Gürbüz
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Several observations have indicated that house-dust mites (HDM) play an important role in allergic diseases. Thus, the primary form of treatment should aim at reducing exposure to HDM for these patients. Allergen-avoidance measures in homes have been demonstrated to be beneficial in decreasing the risk of sensitization, severity of symptoms, bronchial reactivity, and basophil sensitivity. Various chemical methods, as well as physical measures, have been tried to eliminate mite allergens from house dust. However, none have gained wide acceptance because of the lack of effectiveness and safety, and the high cost. It is clear that new approaches are required for effective long-term control of HDM allergens. This study compared the acaricidal activities of phenyl salicylate, tea leaf extract (high tannic acid content), and essential oils (eucalyptus and laurel) with that of benzyl benzoate. The contact, short-duration persistence, and residual effects of various concentrations of these chemicals and benzyl benzoate were assessed in laboratory conditions with specially designed wells. Our data suggest that benzyl benzoate may not be effective when applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, but may be effective when applied more frequently (i.e., three to four times a year) and for longer periods (up to 24 h) even with lower concentrations (0.4%). Essential oils were shown to have little acaricidal activity, but virtually no effect was observed with tea. Among the chemicals used, phenyl salicylate seems to be promising as an alternative acaricide.
C/EBPα deficiency results in hyperproliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and disrupts macrophage development in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Victoria Heath, Hyung Chan Suh, Matthew Holman, Katie Renn, John M. Gooya, Sarah Parkin, Kimberly D. Klarmann, Mariaestela Ortiz, Peter Johnson, Jonathan Keller
Journal: Blood (2004)
Munchausen as Physician and Patient
Authors: DONAND ALLEGRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 August 1976Munchausen as Physician and PatientDONAND ALLEGRA, M.D., JOHN WOODWARD, M.D., JAMES CHANDLER, M.D.DONAND ALLEGRA, M.D., JOHN WOODWARD, M.D., JAMES CHANDLER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-262_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mr. X, a 42-year-old white man, was recently admitted to the medical service at Colorado General Hospital. His admission was immediately arranged by the admitting officer for the emergency department after a phone call from an attending physician in a nearby hospital asking that we care for this patient.The patient gave a history of recently being in the Merchant Marine and having just completed a trip around the world. He claimed to have had filiariasis diagnosed while in London. On arrival at the emergency department, the patient had diffuse adenopathy, with a leukocyte count of 36... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONAND ALLEGRA, M.D.; JOHN WOODWARD, M.D.; JAMES CHANDLER, M.D.Affiliations: Colorado General Hospital Denver, CO 80220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMunchausen’s syndrome: report of caseLes maladies factices et le syndrome de MünchausenProbing the Dynamics of Münchausen's Syndrome Detailed Analysis of a CasePETER G. JUSTUS, M.D., SARAH S. KREUTZIGER, M.S.W., CRAIG S. KITCHENS, M.D.Munchausen Syndrome in a Methadone Maintenance PatientThermometerphagophilia in Münchausen SyndromeItinerant Patient with Hematologic AbnormalitiesARTHUR S. BENDER, M.D.Munchausen Syndrome with Cardiac Symptoms. Cardiopathia FantasticaMunchausen's Syndrome 1 August 1976Volume 85, Issue 2Page: 262-263KeywordsArmed forcesEmergency departmentMedical servicesPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Characterization of promoter elements of the rabbit cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase gene required for expression in cardiac muscle cells.
Authors: S A Fisher, P M Buttrick, D Sukovich, M Periasamy
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2) plays a critical role in the contractile performance of cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle by restoring cytosolic calcium to low resting levels during the contractile cycle. We have previously shown that SERCA2 expression in the heart is altered by a number of pathophysiological stimuli. In an effort to define molecular mechanisms regulating expression of the SERCA2 gene in cardiac muscle cells, deletions of a 1460-bp promoter fragment were generated and inserted into a luciferase reporter plasmid. Promoter constructs were transiently transfected into embryonic cardiocytes and skeletal muscle cell lines Sol 8 and C2C12 in vitro and injected into adult myocardium in vivo. Results demonstrate that sequences from the transcription start site to -284 are both necessary and sufficient for high-level transcription of the reporter gene in differentiating muscle cells and in fetal cardiocytes in culture. We further demonstrate that this promoter fragment is highly active in vivo when injected into rat hearts, suggesting that the same regulatory elements are functional in vivo as well as in vitro. The region of the gene from -284 to -658 exerts a modest positive effect in cardiocytes and Sol 8 myotubes but exerts a negative effect in C2C12 fast skeletal muscle cells. This initial analysis of transcriptional regulation of the SERCA2 gene will serve as a foundation for the study of alterations of expression of the gene in pathological conditions.