tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researchers Probe Consequences of Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Left ventricular mechanical efficiency in man with heart disease.
Authors: W A Baxley, H T Dodge, C E Rackley, H Sandler, D Pugh
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Thirty-eight adults with valvular and/or myocardial disease had heart catheterization with coronary blood flow and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) per 100 g measured by the nitrous oxide washout technique. Quantitative biplane angiocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular volume, mass, ejection fraction and work. Left ventricular efficiency was calculated from work, MVO2/100 g and mass. Efficiency ranged from 4 to 40% and was normal in some patients with severe ventricular pressure-volume work overloads. Total left ventricular MVO2 ranged up to 461 ml/min. Neither total MVO2 nor MVO2/100 g was significantly related to ventricular work, ejection fraction, or tension-time index. These data suggest 1) a relationship between left ventricular efficiency and myocardial function in chronic valvular or myocardial disease, 2) that efficiency may be normal in hypertrophied ventricles, and 3) that chronic increases in resting ventricular metabolic requirements are met by hypertrophy rather than by increased MVO2/100 g.
The Elite Athlete
Authors: Gabe Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>The Elite Athlete</i>is an outgrowth of the 1983 La Crosse Health and Sports Science Symposium. It doesn't have a central theme or a target audience. Some chapters are too technical for most athletes, while others are too basic for people trained in exercise physiology. Some chapters are referenced heavily, others have no references whatever. The book doesn't cover any subject in depth or enough topics to give an overview of information about the elite athlete. The book has five chapters on biomechanics and four on sports psychology. It has no chapters on injuries or training. The chapter by Ralph Mann on sprinting and hurdling offers advice on how a knowledge of biomechanics can improve performance. It could be improved with the addition of a set of recommendations for the coach and athlete. The other chapters on biomechanics do not effectively tell athletes how they can use the information provided
Abstract 4630: Cruciferous vegetable glucosinolate hydrolysis products protect against Benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity
Authors: Rhiannon M. David, Saroor Patel, Nurul H. Abd Kadir, John Rossiter, Nigel Gooderham
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Recent epidemiology studies have indicated that cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with lung cancer risk among smokers (Tang et al., BMC Cancer 2010, 10, 162). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a prominent contaminant of cigarette smoke, a model genotoxic carcinogen and powerful mutagen. Glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables are known to be hydrolysed to compounds that have been shown to be chemopreventive in both animal and cell-based systems, while, paradoxically, evidence is gathering that high concentrations of some of these hydrolysis products are genotoxic. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether pre-treatment of MCL-5 cells (a metabolically competent human lymphoblastoid cell line) with glucosinolate hydrolysis products conferred protection against the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by a subsequent exposure to BaP. In the case of AITC (allyl isothiocyanate), a model glucosinolate hydrolysis product, toxicity and mutagenicity to MCL-5 cells was established for a range of concentrations. Mutagenicity was assessed through resistance to trifluorothymidine at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus and 6-thioguanine at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus. The chemical treatments revealed a consistent trend for reduced cytotoxicity in cells pre-treated with AITC prior to BaP compared to those treated with BaP alone. Mutation frequency at the TK locus was consistently lower in the cells pre-treated with AITC compared to those treated with BaP alone. High concentrations of AITC induced a prolonged, dose-dependent cytotoxicity with cells only returning to normal growth rate after 7 days. These data suggest that pre-treatment of MCL-5 cells with glucosinolate hydrolysis products such as AITC affords protection against the genotoxic insult induced by mutagens such as BaP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4630
Biomechanical and biochemical properties of dog cartilage in experimentally induced osteoarthritis.
Authors: R D Altman, J Tenenbaum, L Latta, W Riskin, L N Blanco, D S Howell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The finding of other investigators that increased water content is often associated with signs of a torn collagen network in human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage led to this study. In the Pond-Nuki model of post-traumatic OA experimental but not control femoral condylar cartilage showed evidence of breakdown and stiffening of collagen network as assessed by measurement of swelling properties and indentation behaviour respectively. These changes in the unstable knees occurred despite lack of erosion of that surface cartilage ascertained from carbon black mapping and history. The stiffening rather than softening change was therefore attributed to cartilage oedema of the middle and deep certilagenous zones, wherein breakdown of collagen network has been postulated to occur. Because of insignificant reduction of total hexuronate in these cartilages, a proteoglycan (PG) profile of sedimentation coefficients for aggregate (PGA) and subunit species (PGS) was analysed to see if collagen network changes in the dog preceded PG alteration. Despite minimal histological changes our results confirmed previous findings in the tibial plateau cartilage in this model, that PGA was reduced in size and PGS increased in amount. Slight enzymatic breakdown of PGs, or altered synthesis due to cellular responses to either the injury directly or to synovial inflammation, seems necessary to explain such changes in the absence of cartilage erosion.
β4 integrin-dependent formation of polarized three-dimensional architecture confers resistance to apoptosis in normal and malignant mammary epithelium
Authors: Valerie M Weaver, Sophie Lelièvre, Johnathon N Lakins, Micah A Chrenek, Jonathan C.R Jones, Filippo Giancotti, Zena Werb, Mina J Bissell
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Disposition
Authors: E J Lien
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1981)

Drug disposition is of prime concern to pharmacologists, toxicologists, and clinicians. In many cases the variation in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a series of congeners is governed by the molecular structure and the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule. When reproducible results of sufficient spread are available, these data can be analyzed in quantitative terms. In order to achieve a high degree of selective toxicity in designing better and safer therapeutic agents, the multifacet effects of molecular modification on drug disposition must be thoroughly investigated. It is hoped that more systematic effort will be directed toward the correlation of various pharmacokinetic parameters and therapeutic and toxicological effects of drugs with their physicochemical properties and molecular structures.
Factors predisposing women to chronic pelvic pain: systematic review
Authors: Pallavi Latthe, Luciano Mignini, Richard Gray, Robert Hills, Khalid Khan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate factors predisposing women to chronic and recurrent pelvic pain. <b>Design, data sources, and methods</b> Systematic review of relevant studies without language restrictions identified through Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library. SCISEARCH, conference papers, and bibliographies of retrieved primary and review articles. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and results. Exposure to risk factors was compared between women with and without pelvic pain. Results were pooled within subgroups defined by type of pain and risk factors. <b>Results</b> There were 122 studies (in 111 articles) of which 63 (in 64 286 women) evaluated 54 risk factors for dysmenorrhoea, 19 (in 18 601 women) evaluated 14 risk factors for dyspareunia, and 40 (in 12 040 women) evaluated 48 factors for non-cyclical pelvic pain. Age &lt; 30 years, low body mass index, smoking, earlier menarche (&lt; 12 years), longer cycles, heavy menstrual flow, nulliparity, premenstrual syndrome, sterilisation, clinically suspected pelvic inflammatory disease, sexual abuse, and psychological symptoms were associated with dysmenorrhoea. Younger age at first childbirth, exercise, and oral contraceptives were negatively associated with dysmenorrhoea. Menopause, pelvic inflammatory disease, sexual abuse, anxiety, and depression were associated with dyspareunia. Drug or alcohol abuse, miscarriage, heavy menstrual flow, pelvic inflammatory disease, previous caesarean section, pelvic pathology, abuse, and psychological comorbidity were associated with an increased risk of non-cyclical pelvic pain. <b>Conclusion</b> Several gynaecological and psychosocial factors are strongly associated with chronic pelvic pain. Randomised controlled trials of interventions targeting these potentially modifiable factors are needed to assess their clinical relevance in chronic pelvic pain.
Role of Caspases in Ox-LDL–Induced Apoptotic Cascade in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jiawei Chen, Jawahar L. Mehta, Nezam Haider, Xingjian Zhang, Jagat Narula, Dayuan Li
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, steps leading to ox-LDL-induced apoptosis remain unclear. We examined the role of ox-LDL and its newly described receptor LOX-1 in the expression of intracellular pro- and antiapoptotic proteins and caspase pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations (10 to 80 microg/mL) of ox-LDL for different times (2 to 24 hours). Ox-LDL induced apoptosis in HCAECs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Ox-LDL also activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8. After ox-LDL treatment, there was a significant release of activators of caspase-9, including cytochrome c and Smac from mitochondria to cytoplasmic compartment, and their release was not affected by treatment of cells with inhibitors of either caspase-8 or caspase-9. Ox-LDL also decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and c-IAP (inhibitory apoptotic protein)-1, which are involved in the release of cytochrome c and Smac and activation of caspase-9, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. On the other hand, ox-LDL did not change the expression of Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (FLIP) and proapoptotic protein Fas, which are required for the activation of caspase-8. Further, ox-LDL did not cause the truncation of Bid, which implies the activation of caspase-8. In other experiments, pretreatment of HCAECs with the caspase-9 inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk, but not the caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk, blocked ox-LDL-induced activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. As expected, pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO inhibited ox-LDL-induced activation of caspase-3 and resultant apoptosis. The proapoptotic effects of ox-LDL were mediated by its receptor LOX-1, because pretreatment of HCAECs with antisense-LOX-1, but not sense-LOX-1, blocked these effects of ox-LDL. These findings suggest that ox-LDL through its receptor LOX-1 decreases the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and c-IAP-1. This is followed by activation of apoptotic signaling pathway, involving release of cytochrome c and Smac and activation of caspase-9 and then caspase-3.
Stepwise replication identifies a low-producing lymphotoxin-α allele as a major risk factor for early-onset leprosy
Authors: Alexandre Alcaïs, Andrea Alter, Guillemette Antoni, Marianna Orlova, Nguyen Van Thuc, Meenakshi Singh, Patrícia R Vanderborght, Kiran Katoch, Marcelo T Mira, Vu Hong Thai, Ngyuen Thu Huong, Nguyen Ngoc Ba, Milton Moraes, Narinder Mehra, Erwin Schurr, Laurent Abel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Smoking and Pulmonary Surfactant
Authors: John A. Clements
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Elsewhere in this issue of the Journal Finley and Ladman report further intriguing observations on the material obtained by regional lavage from the lungs of healthy young cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. To their previous demonstration1 that in smokers the yield of free particulate matter was much smaller and that of macrophages was much larger than in nonsmokers, they now add the results of analysis of free and cell-bound lipids. They found no qualitative differences in phospholipid and neutral lipid species either free or cell-bound, but they demonstrated that in smokers, as compared to nonsmokers, the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) harvested . . .
From rationing to rational: the evolving status of NICE
Authors: Rubin Minhas, Kiran CR Patel
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) underwent a Health Select Committee (HSC) Inquiry in April 2007, the second since its inception in 1999. The inquiry was set up to examine the reasons why NICE's decisions have witnessed increasing challenges and whether public confidence in NICE has waned. Consequently the focus was on the technology appraisal programme and its mandatory recommendations, although its clinical guidelines programme came under scrutiny too. We appraise the challenges now facing NICE in light of the HSC's conclusions,1 the subsequent government response to the HSC's recommendations2 published in March 2008 and the recent Darzi report.3

The HSC report is exhaustive, running to over 100 pages, and draws upon submissions from over 116 different groups with witness testimony from over 30 representatives including patients, clinical and non clinical health professionals, senior NICE representatives, Department of Health representatives and a Health Minister. The task of the HSC was formidable – to investigate the function of what is essentially a regulatory agency by evaluating feedback from those whom it regulates. The challenges facing such an inquiry are obvious – the submissions are from self-selected groups, many of whom are complainants, and the inquiry aspired to report objective findings to improve NICE processes.

Despite these challenges, the inquiry has largely succeeded in identifying and differentiating the ‘special pleading’ of vested interests from genuine issues. We review the findings of the inquiry in relation to (1) the current role of NICE, (2) the role of health care professionals and their representative organizations, (3) the role of patient interest groups, (4) the role of the pharmaceutical and devices industry, (5) NICE, the media and public perception and (6) guidance development and implementation.
CASE OF EPILEPSY SHOWING AN UNUSUAL PETIT MAL SYMPTOM
Authors: C. C. Wholey
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A man, aged 30, consulted me because of having had, during the preceding month, three major convulsive seizures. These were grand mal in character, occurred at weekly intervals an hour before arising in the morning, and were attended with biting of the tongue and once with bladder incontinence. They were typical epileptiform seizures, though the man had apparently shown no previous indications of an epileptic constitution. Medical examination revealed no evidence of organic disturbance, nor any pathologic condition of the nervous system. He said that he had always been healthy. There was no history of birth trauma, infantile spasms, bedwetting or other frequent signs of an epileptic make-up. He was happily married, and life on the whole had gone smoothly. He had always been ambitious and serious minded but was oversensitive and somewhat asocial, not easily adapting himself to new situations. Though the exhaustive examination brought out no previous indications
Chronic Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Maternal and Fetal C-Reactive Protein Levels: The Generation R Study
Authors: Edith H. van den Hooven, Yvonne de Kluizenaar, Frank H. Pierik, Albert Hofman, Sjoerd W. van Ratingen, Peter Y.J. Zandveld, Jan Lindemans, Henk Russcher, Eric A.P. Steegers, Henk M.E. Miedema, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, suggesting an inflammatory response. Not much is known about this association in pregnancy.Objectives: We investigated the associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with maternal and fetal CRP levels in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands.Methods: Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were estimated at the home address using dispersion modeling for different averaging periods preceding the blood sampling (1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and total pregnancy). High-sensitivity CRP levels were measured in maternal blood samples in early pregnancy (n = 5,067) and in fetal cord blood samples at birth (n = 4,450).Results: Compared with the lowest quartile, higher PM10 exposure levels for the prior 1 and 2 weeks were associated with elevated maternal CRP levels (> 8 mg/L) in the first trimester [fourth PM10 quartile for the prior week: odds ratio (OR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61; third PM10 quartile for the prior 2 weeks: OR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56]; however, no clear dose–response relationships were observed. PM10 and NO2 exposure levels for 1, 2, and 4 weeks preceding delivery were not consistently associated with fetal CRP levels at delivery. Higher long-term PM10 and NO2 exposure levels (total pregnancy) were associated with elevated fetal CRP levels (> 1 mg/L) at delivery (fourth quartile PM10: OR, 2.18; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.38; fourth quartile NO2: OR, 3.42; 95% CI: 1.36, 8.58; p-values for trend < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results suggest that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may lead to maternal and fetal inflammatory responses.
THE CHADS2 SCORE ≥ 2 REVEALED POOR PROGNOSIS ON KAPLAN MEIER ANALYSIS AND WAS A USEFUL PREDICTOR OF CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS ON 320 SLICE CT IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC AND PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Hiroyuki Takaoka, Nobusada Funabashi, Koya Ozawa, Masae Uehara, Yoshihide Fujimoto, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The effect of preconditioning (ischemic and pharmacological) on myocardial necrosis following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: L.K.K. Teoh, R. Grant, J.A. Hulf, W.B. Pugsley, D.M. Yellon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: Ischemic preconditioning is known to protect the human heart from ischemic injury during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery but is not practised routinely. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists may confer protection in this setting by mimicking preconditioning. The aim of this study was to compare preconditioning, by ischemia or an adenosine A1 receptor agonist (GR79236X), with an established method of myocardial protection in CABG, namely intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation. Methods: In this prospective double-blind study, 30 CABG patients were randomised to receive: (a) intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation (control), (b) pharmacological preconditioning (GR79236X), or (c) ischemic preconditioning (two 3-min periods of ischemia, each followed by 2 min of reperfusion). Surgery was performed under standardised conditions by one surgeon (WBP). The primary endpoint was cardiac troponin T release. Results: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 91±11.6 (S.D.) min. Mean ischemic time was 33±5.5 (S.D.) min with no inter-group difference. Mean troponin T at 72 h was highest in the control group (1.32±0.99 (S.D.) μg/l), similar in the GR79236X group (1.22±1.22 (S.D.) μg/l; P=0.85) and significantly reduced in the ischemic preconditioning group (0.58±0.40 (S.D.) μg/l; P=0.04). Conclusions: Ischemic preconditioning is superior to the other techniques at limiting myocardial necrosis during CABG. Pharmacological preconditioning may confer some benefit but this was not statistically shown using a specific adenosine A1 agonist (GR79236X).
Increased concentrations of serum Lp(a) lipoprotein in patients with primary gout.
Authors: S Takahashi, T Yamamoto, Y Moriwaki, Z Tsutsumi, K Higashino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate if serum Lp(a) lipoprotein (Lp(a)), a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases, increases in patients with gout, who frequently also have atherosclerotic disease. METHODS--Fasting blood samples were taken for measurement of Lp(a) and other variables in 175 male patients with primary gout. Serum concentrations of Lp(a) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The median value and frequency distribution of Lp(a) in gout patients were compared with those in 172 control male subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of niceritorol on serum Lp(a) values in gout patients in whom the Lp(a) concentration was greater than 20 mg/dl. RESULTS--Serum Lp(a) was significantly higher in patients with gout than control subjects (median 15.5 mg/dl upsilon 8.6 mg/dl; p &lt; 0.01). The frequency distribution of Lp(a) in gout was significantly shifted towards greater concentrations compared with control, although skewed distribution was noted in both groups. Serum Lp(a) concentration was not related to age, body mass index, alcohol intake, creatinine, fasting blood sugar or uric acid in patients with gout. Niceritorol decreased the serum concentrations of Lp(a) in gout. CONCLUSIONS--These observations suggest that serum Lp(a) concentrations are increased in patients with gout and may play a role as one of the risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases in gout. Niceritorol seems effective in decreasing high levels of Lp(a) in patients with gout without detrimental influence on serum uric acid concentration.