tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The onset age of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children has become younger. The Finnish Childhood Diabetes Registry Group.
Authors: M Karvonen, J Pitkäniemi, J Tuomilehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To analyze the change in the age distribution at onset of type 1 diabetes in boys and girls aged 1-14 years during a 32-year period (from 1965 to 1996).Data on the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finland were obtained from the Central Drug Registry of the Social Insurance Institution for 1965-1986 (6,195 cases) and from the Prospective Childhood Diabetes Registry for 1987-1996 (3,613 cases). The change in age- and sex-specific incidence was estimated by fitting the linear regression with the logarithm of the annual incidence data. Analysis of variance was used to compare the trends between the various age-groups (1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years) and sexes.The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased predominantly in the younger age-groups. In children aged 1-4 years, the increase was 4.2% per year, and the overall 32-year relative increase was 338%. For children aged 5-9 and 10-14 years, the increase was 2.5 and 1.3% per year, respectively, and the overall relative increase was 116 and 49%, respectively. In boys aged 1-9 years, the increase was greatest from 1965 to 1984, whereas in girls aged 1-9 years, the statistically significant increase occurred between 1985 and 1996. In children aged 10-14 years, the only significant increase was seen in boys from 1965 to 1974 (3.7% per year).The greatest increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mainly occurred in children aged < 5 years. The incidence in young boys has been increasing since the mid-1960s, whereas in young girls, the significant increase began later, around the mid-1970s. In children aged 10-14 years, the increase in incidence has leveled off.
Suicide Attempts by Hospitalized Medical and Surgical Patients
Authors: Peter Reich, Martin J. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To characterize siucidal behavior among hospitalized medical and surgical patients, all suicide attempts in the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital were surveyed for seven years. Seventeen attempts occurred, non of them fatal. Only four patients were seriously ill, two with neoplasia. All the attempts were impulsive and were associated with stress and disturbances of impulse control. Anger, not depression, was the effect most often seen before the attempts. In all cases the precipitating stress was loss of emotional support. However, patient vulnerability to suicide seemed to be the key determinant. Fifteen patients had mental disorders, including eight with personality disorders, three with schizophrenia, three with organic brain syndromes, and one with manic depressive psychosis. Seven were psychotic, and six had made prior suicide attempts. These findings suggest that the characteristics of impulsive suicide should be considered when a suicide prevention program is being developed for a general hospital.
Relationship between finger and wrist deformities in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G O Read, L Solomon, S Biddulph
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that there is a significant correlation between the position of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal angulation in the common rheumatoid hand deformities. Measurements were carried out on radiographs of the hand from 2 comparative groups: 67 patients (134 hands) with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and a control series of 50 adults (100 hands) attending the routine fracture clinic. Rheumatoid patients were unselected and included those with a variety of hand deformities. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between finger and wrist deformities in patients with RA but not in the normal controls.
Vaccine-Elicited CD8+ T Cells Cure Mesothelioma by Overcoming Tumor-Induced Immunosuppressive Environment
Authors: Zhiwu Tan, Jingying Zhou, Allen K.L. Cheung, Zhe Yu, Ka-Wai Cheung, Jianguo Liang, Haibo Wang, Boon Kiat Lee, Kwan Man, Li Liu, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Zhiwei Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Eradicating malignant tumors by vaccine-elicited host immunity remains a major medical challenge. To date, correlates of immune protection remain unknown for malignant mesothelioma. In this study, we demonstrated that antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response correlates with the elimination of malignant mesothelioma by a model PD-1–based DNA vaccine. Unlike the nonprotective tumor antigen WT1-based DNA vaccines, the model vaccine showed complete and long-lasting protection against lethal mesothelioma challenge in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Furthermore, it remained highly immunogenic in tumor-bearing animals and led to therapeutic cure of preexisting mesothelioma. T-cell depletion and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells conferred to the protective efficacy in a dose-dependent way. Also, these CD8+ T cells functioned by releasing inflammatory IFNγ and TNFα in the vicinity of target cells as well as by initiating TRAIL-directed tumor cell apoptosis. Importantly, repeated DNA vaccinations, a major advantage over live-vectored vaccines with issues of preexisting immunity, achieve an active functional state, not only preventing the rise of exhausted PD-1+ and Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells but also suppressing tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressive cells and Treg cells, with the frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells inversely correlating with tumor mass. Our results provide new insights into quantitative and qualitative requirements of vaccine-elicited functional CD8+ T cells in cancer prevention and immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6010–21. ©2014 AACR.
Molecular genetics of common diseases.
Authors: J Scott
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Knowing which arthropod and plant resources are used by generalist predators in agroecosystems is important to understand trophic interactions and the precise ecological role of each predatory species. To achieve this objective, molecular approaches, such as the use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms are key. This study develops a multi-primer metabarcoding approach and explores its suitability for the screening of the most common trophic interactions of two predatory species of arthropod with contrasted morphology, <i>Rhagonycha fulva</i> (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and <i>Anthocoris nemoralis</i> (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) collected in an organic peach crop. To save time and cost in this metabarcoding approach, we first evaluated the effect of two different predator-pool sizes (10 and 23 individuals of the same species), as well as the performance of using one or two primer pairs in the same library. Our results show that the analysis of 23 individuals together with the use of two primer pairs in the same library optimizes the HTS analysis. With these best-performing conditions, we analyzed whole bodies of field-collected predators as well as the washing solutions used to clean the insect bodies. Results showed that we were able to identify both, gut content (i.e. diet) as well as external pollen load (i.e. on the insects' body), respectively. This study also demonstrates the need of washing predatory insects prior to HTS analysis when the target species have a considerable size and hairy structures. This metabarcoding approach has a high potential for the study of trophic links in agriculture, revealing both expected and unexpected trophic relationships.
Report into death of pregnant woman denied an abortion blames clinical mistakes rather than Irish law
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A report into the death of Savita Halappanavar, described by Ireland’s health minister as a “hard hitting report which spares nobody and doesn’t pull any punches,” identifies three main factors behind the death of the 31 year old dentist at University Hospital Galway last October. The report published on 13 June by the Health Service Executive, does not name individuals but makes important recommendations aimed at clarifying the law and the medical handling of complicated obstetric emergencies, including sepsis, the cause of death of the woman, who was 17 weeks pregnant.1 2 The three factors identified by the investigation team, which the report labels key causal factors that led to Halappanavar’s death, were:
Validation and Structural Characterization of the LEDGF/p75–MLL Interface as a New Target for the Treatment of MLL-Dependent Leukemia
Authors: Kateřina Čermáková, Petr Tesina, Jonas Demeulemeester, Sara El Ashkar, Hélène Méreau, Juerg Schwaller, Pavlína Řezáčová, Vaclav Veverka, Jan De Rijck
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion-driven acute leukemias represent a genetically distinct subset of leukemias with poor prognosis. MLL forms a ternary complex with the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and MENIN. LEDGF/p75, a chromatin reader recognizing H3K36me3 marks, contributes to the association of the MLL multiprotein complex to chromatin. Formation of this complex is critical for the development of MLL leukemia. Available X-ray data represent only a partial structure of the LEDGF/p75-MLL-MENIN complex. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified an additional LEDGF/p75-MLL interface, which overlaps with the binding site of known LEDGF/p75 interactors-HIV-1 integrase, PogZ, and JPO2. Binding of these proteins or MLL to LEDGF/p75 is mutually exclusive. The resolved structure, as well as mutational analysis, shows that the interaction is primarily sustained via two aromatic residues of MLL (F148 and F151). Colony-forming assays in MLL-AF9(+) leukemic cells expressing MLL interaction-defective LEDGF/p75 mutants revealed that this interaction is essential for transformation. Finally, we show that the clonogenic growth of primary murine MLL-AF9-expressing leukemic blasts is selectively impaired upon overexpression of a LEDGF/p75-binding cyclic peptide CP65, originally developed to inhibit the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction. The newly defined protein-protein interface therefore represents a new target for the development of therapeutics against LEDGF/p75-dependent MLL fusion-driven leukemic disorders. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5139-51. ©2014 AACR.
Genetic Risk Factors for Portopulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Kari E. Roberts, Michael B. Fallon, Michael J. Krowka, Robert S. Brown, James F. Trotter, Inga Peter, Hocine Tighiouart, James A. Knowles, Daniel Rabinowitz, Raymond L. Benza, David B. Badesch, Darren B. Taichman, Evelyn M. Horn, Steven Zacks, Neil Kaplowitz, Steven M. Kawut
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) occurs in 6% of liver transplant candidates. The pathogenesis of this complication of portal hypertension is poorly understood.To identify genetic risk factors for PPHTN in patients with advanced liver disease.We performed a multicenter case-control study of patients with portal hypertension. Cases had a mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance >240 dynes.s(-1).cm(-5), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure < or =15 mm Hg. Controls had a right ventricular systolic pressure < 40 mm Hg (if estimated) and normal right-sided cardiac morphology by transthoracic echocardiography. We genotyped 1,079 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 93 candidate genes in each patient.The study sample included 31 cases and 104 controls. Twenty-nine SNPs in 15 candidate genes were associated with the risk of PPHTN (P < 0.05). Multiple SNPs in the genes coding for estrogen receptor 1, aromatase, phosphodiesterase 5, angiopoietin 1, and calcium binding protein A4 were associated with the risk of PPHTN. The biological relevance of one of the aromatase SNPs was supported by an association with plasma estradiol levels.Genetic variation in estrogen signaling and cell growth regulators is associated with the risk of PPHTN. These biologic pathways may elucidate the mechanism for the development of PPHTN in certain patients with severe liver disease.
Charity demands better alcohol treatment services as death rates double
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Substantially better alcohol treatment services are needed if the United Kingdom is to curb mounting levels of drink related death and disease, a leading charity said this week. 

Alcohol Concern is launching its campaign after a series of dismal reports in the past three months that have highlighted the scale of the problem facing Britain. 

In October the Department of Health admitted that the number of patients requiring hospital treatment for alcohol related illness had risen by 50% in the past five years, answering a parliamentary question by Susan Kramer MP. 

Last week the Office for National Statistics …
Synthesis of fibronectin by cultured human endothelial cells.
Authors: E A Jaffe, D F Mosher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Plasma fibronectin is probably the major nonimmune particulate opsonin in blood and is cross-linked to fibrin during the final stage of blood coagulation. Fibronectin also occurs in an insoluble form in basement membranes especially those underlying endothelial cells and in loose connective tissue. Fibronectin was demonstrated in cultured human endothelial cells and in the surrounding extracellular matrix by immunofluorescence microscopy by using antibody to human plasma fibronectin. Cultured human endothelial cells released fibronectin into the culture medium which was immunologically identical to the fibronectin in human plasma. Cultured human endothelial cells were labeled with [3H] leucine. The radioactive fibronectin present in the endothelial postculture medium and in urea extracts of cellular monolayers was isolated with either anti-fibronectin coupled to Protein A-Sepharose or double antibody immunoprecipitation and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When reduced, the [3H] fibronectin synthesized by cultured endothelial cells had the same mol wt (approximately 200,000) as plasma fibronectin. Unreduced, the [3H] fibronectin synthesized by endothelial cells migrated as a dimer, as did plasma fibronectin. Fibronectin accounted for approximately 15% of the protein synthesized and released by endothelial cells into the culture medium. Thus, cultured endothelial cells synthesize fibronectin, secrete it into the culture medium, and incorporate it into extracellular matrix. The results suggest that the endothelial cell is potentially a major site of synthesis of circulating plasma fibronectin. In addition, fibronectin derived from endothelial cells may be an important structural component of the subendothelium.
Rainbow to Dark Clouds
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid poisoning with slow-release potassium.
Authors: A B Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Relaxation techniques for sport are reviewed in relation to ‘muscle to mind’ and ‘mind to muscle’ strategies. The presentation addresses the different types of strategies and an overview of the overlap that exists in the techniques of relaxation. Most techniques offer a way to enhance self awareness to regulate arousals and behaviour. Without the knowledge and mastery of the different techniques, any application becomes limited. An understanding of different techniques would facilitate the use of the appropriate primary technique that works well for individual athlete and reserve back up techniques.
Maternal Stress and Effects of Prenatal Air Pollution on Offspring Mental Health Outcomes in Mice
Authors: Jessica L. Bolton, Nicole C. Huff, Susan H. Smith, S. Nicholas Mason, W. Michael Foster, Richard L. Auten, Staci D. Bilbo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Low socioeconomic status is consistently associated with reduced physical and mental health, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Increased levels of urban air pollutants interacting with parental stress have been proposed to explain health disparities in respiratory disease, but the impact of such interactions on mental health is unknown.We aimed to determine whether prenatal air pollution exposure and stress during pregnancy act synergistically on offspring to induce a neuroinflammatory response and subsequent neurocognitive disorders in adulthood.Mouse dams were intermittently exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to diesel exhaust particles (DEP; 50 μg × 6 doses) or vehicle throughout gestation. This exposure was combined with standard housing or nest material restriction (NR; a novel model of maternal stress) during the last third of gestation.Adult (postnatal day 60) offspring of dams that experienced both stressors (DEP and NR) displayed increased anxiety, but only male offspring of this group had impaired cognition. Furthermore, maternal DEP exposure increased proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β levels within the brains of adult males but not females, and maternal DEP and NR both decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 in male, but not female, brains. Similarly, only DEP/NR males showed increased expression of the innate immune recognition gene toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) and its downstream effector, caspase-1.These results show that maternal stress during late gestation increases the susceptibility of offspring-particularly males-to the deleterious effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure, which may be due to a synergism of these factors acting on innate immune recognition genes and downstream neuroinflammatory cascades within the developing brain.
Implications of recurrent ischemia after reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction: A comparison of thrombolytic therapy and primary angioplasty
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Cindy L. Grines, Kevin F. Browne, Jean Marco, Donald Rothbaum, James O'Keefe, Geoffrey O. Hartzler, Paul Overlie, Bryan Donohue, Noah Chelliah, Gerald C. Timmis, Ronald Vlietstra, Sylvia Puchrowicz-ochocki, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abstract 15937: Comparison of Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Diabetic Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the RE-LY Trial
Authors: Harald Darius, Andreas Clemens, Jeff S Healey, Alvaro Avezum, Rangadham Nagarakanti, Ashley Chin, Herbert Noack, Stuart Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequent among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The RE-LY trial permits a contemporary evaluation of comorbities, outcomes and the effectiveness of dabig...
Meta-analysis Shows Colon Capsule Endoscopy Is Effective in Detecting Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Cristiano Spada, Cesare Hassan, Riccardo Marmo, Lucio Petruzziello, Maria Elena Riccioni, Angelo Zullo, Paola Cesaro, Julia Pilz, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Effect of bath and luminal potassium concentration on ammonia production and secretion by mouse proximal tubules perfused in vitro.
Authors: G T Nagami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To determine the effects of acute changes in K+ concentration in vitro on ammonia production and secretion by the proximal tubule, we studied mouse S2 segments perfused with and bathed in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffers containing various K+ concentrations. All bath solutions contained L-glutamine as the ammoniagenic substrate. High bath and luminal K+ concentrations (8 mM), but not high luminal K+ concentration alone, inhibited total ammonia production rates by 26%, while low bath and luminal K+ concentrations (2 mM), but not low luminal K+ concentration alone, stimulated total ammonia production rates by 33%. The stimulation of ammonia production by low bath K+ concentration was not observed when L-glutamine was added to the luminal perfusion solution. On the other hand, high luminal K+ concentration stimulated, while low luminal K+ concentration inhibited, net luminal secretion of total ammonia in a way that was: (a) independent of total ammonia production rates, (b) independent of Na(+)-H+ exchange activity, and (c) not due to changes in transepithelial fluxes of total ammonia. These results suggest that luminal potassium concentration has a direct effect on cell-to-lumen transport of ammonia.
Poor hospital hygiene is blamed for deaths of three babies in Bremen
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In contrast with adults, children infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus (SARS-CoV) develop milder clinical symptoms. Because of this, it is speculated that children vaccinated with various childhood vaccines might develop cross immunity against SARS-CoV. Antisera and T cells from mice immunised with various vaccines were used to determine whether they developed cross reactivity against SARS-CoV. The results showed no marked cross reactivity against SARS-CoV, which implies that the reduced symptoms among children infected by SARS-CoV may be caused by other factors.
HDL cholesterol subfractions and risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Pima Indians.
Authors: A Fagot-Campagna, W C Knowler, K M Narayan, R L Hanson, J Saaddine, B V Howard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To examine the relationships between HDL cholesterol subfractions and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate potential sex differences in these relationships.Proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the relationships between HDL subfractions and the development of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indian women and men. Results were controlled for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and 2-h glucose.Some 54 of 123 women and 25 of 50 men developed type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 10 (2-19) years. For women, in separate models, high levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were negatively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes; results were unchanged in models further controlled for fasting insulin level or alcohol consumption. For men, the results were inconsistent and associated with wide confidence intervals; high total HDL and HDL3 were positively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes in models further controlled for fasting insulin level, but the risk estimates were attenuated in models further controlled for alcohol consumption.High levels of total HDL, HDL2a, and HDL3 were potential protective factors against type 2 diabetes in women after accounting for alcohol consumption and insulin resistance. High levels of total HDL and HDL3 were predictive of type 2 diabetes in men; the relationship in men appeared to be due to an association with alcohol consumption. The sex differences in the effects of HDL cholesterol may be related to the effects of sex hormones or lipoproteins.