tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health-Resorts in Ulster
Authors: R. Esler
Journal: BMJ (1885)

iSAO ECA.&JYrADUATU [IWJrD1A $ I entertained as to the structure of cells' aind nuclei lad, in late years, itidctgon miauch cha'nge.-Modera bbservation had shown t'e nucleus of cells to consist of two distinetittibstances;' one, called 'chromatin,' from being coloufed by Teagents ;. the, other, aciromatin, not beinig capable of 6bloration.Achromatin was generaUly amiorphouis chromatin always had. a defi.nito forms b-ing generally arranged as a menibraiie on the outside of the :iuclenus, and being )roionged( in the interior in the form of a network, on Which lay masse's of chrofiatin conistituting the nuclooli.In sonic cells, the chromatin was chiefly arranged in filaments, and ntle'oeli wovre absent; sometimes it was arranged in a stiiated fbrm, or in rows of particles.Division of the nucleus 'was usually attended with e,langas in the chromnatini, whlicil betaine arr-anged in the form of a rosette ardund the cenitre of the nuLielcus, and broke up into filaments.Th,3 acironsiatin also underweut' change.-As regarded the stru'cture of the cell-protoplasm, there was less a.greeinmt offopinion.than concerning the niucleus.The protoplasm was formerly suppiosed to be a structareless lhomogeneous material, aInd the 'delinitioni of Dujardin's " arcode`would very closely agree with the o61d desoription of th' cell-protoplasm ; bhat it was now admnitted b-,y evcryonle thit the pl'eoopasm oftein hadl a reticular appear, auells.Tke analogy of this withi the reticu'lar structure of the nucleus, lhad led some to teach that the nucleus and the cell were idenltical, onbe part being aerely imiore condensed alnd marked off from' the rest, 'Heitzmann haid relresented the reticular structure in carti- lage-cells as passing, not only through the nucleus and protoplasm, but through thie intercellular substance, so as to become connected with athelrcells.13ut there was an objection to the acceptance of this viewv, inasmnuch as the reticilated appearance imight be produced ar!tificially ly alcohol ani:i othe3r agents used in preparation ; and farther, it ¢ould not always be seen in the living subject.'A living ,artiiagercll showed filamients i-n the protoplasm, but these were not conlected 'in the Iormi of a iietwork.Nor had there been seen osiy sign :of reticutlar structure in the aniceba, or in suchl bodies as the 'otourloss blood-corpuscles of the neut or salamander.In organisins f tllis 'kihd, 'tle protoplasm often presented a reticular appearance, Luo to the taking in of globules of fluid.Sometimnes granules wore thu in by means of pseudopodia, aidi gave the' 'protoplasm the ap-
Relaxin Is an Independent Risk Factor Predicting Death in Male Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Berthold Hocher, Reinhard Ziebig, Rolfdieter Krause, Gernot Asmus, Hans -H Neumayer, Lutz Liefeldt, Johannes-Peter Stasch
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have a reduced life expectancy mainly as the result of cardiovascular diseases. Relaxin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the impact of relaxin on death in patients with ESKD. Methods and Results— Patients (n =245; 122 women, 123 men) on long-term hemodialysis were followed for 1140 days for death. Blood samples for analysis of relaxin, C-reactive protein, Troponin T, cholesterol, HDL, brain natriuretic peptide, and albumin were taken at study entry. Survival was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. One hundred seven patients died during the observation period; 66 died of cardiovascular diseases and 28 died of infectious diseases. Elevated serum relaxin concentrations (greater than median) predicted death in male but not in female patients with ESKD: All-cause death (men: relative risk, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.34 to 5.12; P =0.005; women: relative risk, 0.671; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.35; P =0.262) and cardiovascular death (men: relative risk, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.21; P =0.018; women: relative risk, 0.639; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.56; P =0.324). Conclusions— Relaxin is an independent risk factor predicting death in male patients with ESKD on chronic hemodialysis.
The actinomycetes. vol III: antibiotics of actinomycetes.
Authors: Elizabeth L. Hazen, Rachel Brown
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This volume is divided into two parts, part<i>A</i>: "The Nature, Formation, and Activities of Antibiotics Produced by Actinomycetes," and part<i>B</i>: "Descriptions of the Various Antibiotics Produced by Actinomycetes," which is a compilation of information published on antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor substances. Part<i>A</i>contains primarily an introduction to this field and is of value from the historical standpoint, and the discussions of how and why in the evolution of the techniques. Chapter 7 in part<i>A</i>is especially valuable, in that it gives well-documented information, heretofore not readily available, on the mechanism of formation of antibiotics and their role in the metabolism of the organisms producing these substances. Chapters 9 and 10 contain useful information on the modes of action of antibiotics and development of resistance. A clear picture concerning the use of antibiotics in humans, animals, and plants is presented in chapter 11. Part<i>B</i>, the major
Attacking scientists who lead work on reducing sugar intake damages the cause
Authors: P. Aveyard
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Current studies on clot characterization in acute ischemic stroke focus on fibrin and red blood cell composition. Few studies have examined platelet composition in acute ischemic stroke clots. We characterize clot composition using the Martius Scarlet Blue stain and assess associations between platelet density and CT density. <h3>Materials and method</h3> Histopathological analysis of the clots collected as part of the multi-institutional STRIP registry was performed using Martius Scarlet Blue stain and the composition of the clots was quantified using Orbit Image Analysis (www.orbit.bio) machine learning software. Prior to endovascular treatment, each patient underwent non-contrast CT (NCCT) and the CT density of each clot was measured. Correlations between clot components and clinical information were assessed using the χ<sup>2</sup> test. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-five patients were included in the study. The mean platelet density of the clots was 15.7% (2.5–72.5%). There was a significant correlation between platelet-rich clots and the absence of hyperdensity on NCCT, (ρ=0.321, p=0.003*, n=85). Similarly, there was a significant inverse correlation between the percentage of platelets and the mean Hounsfield Units on NCCT (ρ=−0.243, p=0.025*, n=85). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Martius Scarlet Blue stain can identify patients who have platelet-rich clots. Platelet-rich clots are isodense on NCCT.
Percutaneous needle biopsy of the mediastinum: review of 94 procedures.
Authors: B Morrissey, H Adams, A R Gibbs, M D Crane
Journal: Thorax (1993)

A number of reports of radiologically guided percutaneous biopsy of mediastinal masses have been described but techniques have varied, particularly the type of needle used. In this study mediastinal biopsies with fine aspiration needles and cutting needles have been compared, sometimes in the same patient. The results are reviewed with particular emphasis on the choice of biopsy needle and its influence on pathological diagnosis.A retrospective review was undertaken of radiologically guided mediastinal biopsies performed between 1981 and 1991.Sixty fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNA) and 34 Tru-Cut biopsies of mediastinal masses were performed in 75 patients with fluoroscopic or computed tomographic guidance. Overall sensitivity and specificity in terms of diagnosis of malignant disease were 90% and 100% respectively for FNA biopsies, and 96% and 100% for Tru-Cut biopsies. Diagnostic accuracy in terms of precise diagnosis of the malignant or benign nature of a mass and its origin was 77% for FNA biopsies and 94% for Tru-Cut biopsies. For FNA biopsies sensitivity and accuracy were higher for carcinomatous lesions (96% and 88%) than for noncarcinomatous lesions (81% and 69%). The only significant complication encountered was a pneumothorax following a biopsy which required intercostal drainage.Radiologically guided percutaneous needle biopsy is a safe procedure which provides useful diagnostic information in the majority of cases. Fine needle aspiration techniques usually suffice for carcinomatous lesions but a cutting needle biopsy should be performed whenever possible when lymphoma, thymoma, or neural masses are suspected to obtain larger specimens for more accurate histological diagnosis.
Benefits of £12bn IT programme in NHS are “unclear,” MPs say
Authors: Michael Cross
Journal: BMJ (2007)

MPs have called for an urgent review of the programme to computerise the NHS in England, which they criticise for unprecedented delays and costs and whose benefits, they say, are uncertain.

In its report the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts cites two former aides who attack the national programme for information technology (IT) in the NHS for the poor consultation with clinicians on how the new system should be designed and the use of “bullying tactics” with NHS trusts and suppliers. 

Edward Leigh, chairman of the committee, said: “The programme is not looking good. The electronic patient clinical record, which is central to the project, is already running two years late. The suppliers are struggling to deliver. Scepticism is rife among the NHS clinicians whose commitment to the programme is essential to its …
Difficult Diagnosis 2
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The purpose of medicine is healing, and rational methods of healing depend upon diagnosis. Ninety years ago, Sir William Osler (in<i>Aequanimitas</i>) said that in the fight against ignorance, quackery, and folly, "... diagnosis, not drugging, is our chief weapon of offence. Lack of systematic personal training in the methods of the recognition of disease leads to the misapplication of remedies, to long courses of treatment when treatment is useless, and so directly to that lack of confidence in our methods which is apt to place us in the eyes of the public on a level with empirics and quacks." The book being reviewed here will help the modern physician in the diagnosis of some of the everyday problems in his or her practice. <i>Difficult Diagnosis 2</i>considers, in 515 pages, 71 topics in alphabetical order, from "abdominal pain, chronic" to "xerostomia." One hundred twenty-seven writers have contributed. The topics include
European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013
Authors: Michele Baccarani, Michael W. Deininger, Gianantonio Rosti, Andreas Hochhaus, Simona Soverini, Jane F. Apperley, Francisco Cervantes, Richard E. Clark, Jorge E. Cortes, François Guilhot, Henrik Hjorth-Hansen, Timothy P. Hughes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Dong-Wook Kim, Richard A. Larson, Jeffrey H. Lipton, François-Xavier Mahon, Giovanni Martinelli, Jiri Mayer, Martin C. Müller, Dietger Niederwieser, Fabrizio Pane, Jerald P. Radich, Philippe Rousselot, Giuseppe Saglio, Susanne Saußele, Charles Schiffer, Richard Silver, Bengt Simonsson, Juan-Luis Steegmann, John M. Goldman, Rüdiger Hehlmann
Journal: Blood (2013)
Periostitis following Typhoid Fever
Authors: J. D. Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1885)

OPERATIONS for the relief of strangulated hernia in young children are sufficiently rare to warrant the report of the following case.John M., aged 2 years and 4 months, was admitted to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, on September 25th, at 10 P.M.The history of the case is that, when a few days old, a swelling was observed in the scrotum on the right side, and subsequently on the left.These, which could be reduced in size, were believed to be hernie, for which a double truss was worn, but without much effect, as the rupture on the left side repeatedly came down, and
Myositis and Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Concurrent Use of Simvastatin and Nefazodone
Authors: Ping Wang
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Simvastatin, like many drugs, is metabolized in the liver by the microsomal P-450 system.<sup>1</sup>While definitive studies have not been done, it seems likely that simvastatin is metabolized primarily or exclusively by the 3A isoenzyme.<sup>2</sup>Drugs that inhibit this enzyme represent a potential drug interaction, and that list of drugs includes many common agents such as grapefruit juice, ketoconazole, itraconazole, macrolide antibiotics, including erythromycin, and nefazodone. We report a case of myositis and rhabdomyolysis that followed the addition of nefazodone to the regimen of a patient previously taking simvastatin. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 44-year-old white man had been asymptomatic while taking simvastatin (40 mg/d) for 19 weeks with good control of his low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level and with normal creatine kinase (CK) and liver function tests. Prior to the initiation of the new antidepressant, nefazodone, the following normal laboratory values were noted: aspartate
Trends in yearly prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections and antimicrobial use in Spanish hospitals, Spain, 1999 to 2010
Authors: A Asensio, T Alvarez-Espejo, J Fernandez-Crehuet, A Ramos, J Vaque-Rafart, C Bishopberger, M J Hernández Navarrete, F Calbo-Torrecillas, J Campayo, R Cantón, Collective on behalf of the Estudio de Prevale
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. are a major cause of infections in hospitalised patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate rates and trends of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in infected patients, the trends in use for these antimicrobials, and to assess the potential correlation between both trends. The database of national point prevalence study series of infections and antimicrobial use among patients hospitalised in Spain over the period from 1999 to 2010 was analysed. On average 265 hospitals and 60,000 patients were surveyed per year yielding a total of 19,801 E. coli, 3,004 K. pneumoniae and 3,205 Enterobacter isolates. During the twelve years period, we observed significant increases for the use of fluoroquinolones (5.8%-10.2%, p<0.001), but not for third-generation cephalosporins (6.4%-5.9%, p=NS). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins increased significantly for E. coli (5%-15%, p<0.01) and for K. pneumoniae infections (4%-21%, p<0.01) but not for Enterobacter spp. (24%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones increased significantly for E. coli (16%-30%, p<0.01), for K. pneumoniae (5%-22%, p<0.01), and for Enterobacter spp. (6%-15%, p<0.01). We found strong correlations between the rate of fluoroquinolone use and the resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, or co-resistance to both, for E. coli (R=0.97, p<0.01, R=0.94, p<0.01, and R=0.96, p<0.01, respectively), and for K. pneumoniae (R=0.92, p<0.01, R=0.91, p<0.01, and R=0.92, p<0.01, respectively). No correlation could be found between the use of third-generation cephalosporins and resistance to any of the latter antimicrobials. No significant correlations could be found for Enterobacter spp.. Knowledge of the trends in antimicrobial resistance and use of antimicrobials in the hospitalised population at the national level can help to develop prevention strategies. .
Sirolimus-eluting stents in bifurcation lesions: Six-month angiographic results according to the implantation technique
Authors: Antonio Colombo, Yves Louvard, Cherukupalli Raghu, Carlo Di Mario, Josef Ludwig, Martin Leon, Jeffrey Moses, Marie-Claude Morice, Egon Wulfert, David Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
What are we teaching about indigent patients?
Authors: J. L. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —I think that Miles 1 was exceedingly charitable in his comments about the orthopedist colleague who refused to treat an indigent patient. This vignette should provoke to action the governing bodies for academic medicine, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Association of American Medical Colleges.  A physician does not have the obligation to care for all patients, as discussed in the article. However, various residency review committees have repeatedly emphasized that physicians must earn the right to participate in the instruction of students and residents. I do not understand how the surgeon described in Miles' article could pretend to have the cognitive, ethical, and common sense abilities that would justify his using the title teacher.  Perhaps it should be a credo that physicians who participate on teaching services will not turn away indigent patients who require urgent services.
Neurosurgical Giants: Feet of Clay and Iron
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

One of the unusual features of<i>Surgical Neurology</i>, the journal founded by Paul Bucy in 1973, has been the periodic appearance of biographical sketches of those "who contributed materially to neurological surgery and its progressive development." Most have been written by pupils or associates of the persons involved, and five by Bucy himself. These sketches are compiled in this volume. Bucy has also included an introduction, which serves as an autobiographical sketch, so the reader can evaluate the editorial comments made for virtually every essay. The first formal presentation, by Giudetti, Giuffré, and Valente, deals with Italian contributions from the beginning of the 13th century to the end of the 18th century. The chapter by Sano, Handa, and Ishii describes not only the Japanese pioneers Araki, Shimizu, and Tanaka, but also Saito and Nakata. The world coverage of pioneers (not just great neurosurgeons, who now abound) also includes Britain, the
Haemodynamic effects of lignocaine in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M. Stannard, G. Sloman, L. Sangster
Journal: BMJ (1968)

While the facts do not permit us to assert that there is a definite association between these two diseases, there is suffi- cient evidence to call for a further dose examination of the question. SummaryAmong 154 patients with Crohn's disease attending the Radcliffe Infirmary since 1938 there have been three with carcinoma of the colon.Case histories of these three patients are given.If only the cases of Crohn's disease with evidence of colonic involvement are considered (82 patients) the frequency of carcinoma of the colon in this series is 3.7%.In reported series dealing with colonic diseask, carcinoma of the colon has appeared to be infrequent except in one series with a frequency of 4.8%.The question of a possible association between Crohn's disease of the colon and carcinoma deserves further examina- tion.
Effect of cocoa short-term supplementation on platelet factors (PLT 'MPV' PDW) of athlete male's blood after an aerobic exhaustive exercise
Authors: Mehdy Soleimani, Sari Sarraf, None Vahi, Fariba Aghaei, Sirvan Atasha, Ayub Mehdivand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and special coronary heart disease is the main indicator of cardiac arrests and mortality and is the most common complication in the contemporary world (Willoughby and Holmes 2002). Platelets play an important role in the pathophysiology of CVD and its associated risk factors (El-sayed 2005). Habitual, regular physical activity has been postulated to reduce the incidence of CVD (Johansson and Sundquist 1999). However, strenuous exercise augments the risk of vascular thrombotic events and primary cardiac arrests through an occlusive platelet-rich thrombus (Bartsch 1999). In addition, it has been shown that flavanol-rich foods, such as cocoa promote health and attenuate, or delay the onset of CVD (Rimm 2002). The present study designed to evaluate if cocoa attenuate the effect of an incremental exhaustive exercise on platelet count (Plt), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Eleven athlete male (mean age: 23±1 years; height: 1.75± 0.23 m; body mass: 66.1±9.5 kg; BF%: 21.98±2.1; VO 2 max: 51.6±2.4 ml/kg/min) provided written informed consent. Bruce exercise test was performed as an incremental exhaustive protocol on two occasions, 1 week apart. In a double-blind design, each participant received either a volume of cocoa solution or flavoured solution based on his body mass before exercise trial. Venous blood samples were collected 2-h prior to exercise (baseline), pre-, post- and 1-h after completion of each trial. Differences were examined using a two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures as appropriate. Platelet counts increased (cocoa: from 188.30±33.28 to 244.00±41.03; placebo: from 178.14±22.07 to 251.36±42.22) significantly (p&lt;0.001) after exercise compared with before exercise in both trials, but was not significantly different between conditions. MPV and PDW were unaffected by condition and did not differ at any time after exercise protocol (p&gt;0.05). This study did not show that increased platelet activity in response to an incremental exercise could be decreased with oral supplementation of cocoa that is line with Singh (2006). Murphy et al (2003) and Rein et al (2000) have reported decreases in platelet activation, but with a higher concentration of 900 mg/day. In conclusion, short-term cocoa supplementation did not decrease platelet activity in response to an incremental exhaustive exercise.
Intracellular processing of immunostimulatory CpG–siRNA: Toll-like receptor 9 facilitates siRNA dicing and endosomal escape
Authors: Sergey Nechaev, Chan Gao, Dayson Moreira, Piotr Swiderski, Agnieszka Jozwiak, Claudia M. Kowolik, Jiehua Zhou, Brian Armstrong, Andrew Raubitschek, John J. Rossi, Marcin Kortylewski
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Preventive Services in Clinical Practice: Designing the Periodic Health Examination
Authors: Robert S. Lawrence, Angela D. Mickalide
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In this issue ofThe Journal, the US Preventive Services Task Force presents the first in a series of background articles and recommendations for preventive measures that can be incorporated into personal health services.<sup>1</sup>The periodic health examination has largely replaced the annual physical examination, and the changing patterns of morbidity and major risk factors call for more integration of clinical preventive services into office visits triggered by acute or chronic symptomatic disease. In the 1920s, the American Medical Association and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company first endorsed the annual physical examination as conferring long-term health benefits. Generations of physicians and patients came to regard the annual examination as the keystone of preventive medicine. In the 1970s, increasing cost consciousness, changing expectations of patients, and refined methods for studying the efficacy of diagnostic tests and maneuvers raised serious questions about the value of the annual checkup.<sup>2</sup>Clinicians began
Novel bilayer bacterial nanocellulose scaffold supports neocartilage formation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Héctor Martínez Ávila, Eva-Maria Feldmann, Mieke M. Pleumeekers, Luc Nimeskern, Willy Kuo, Willem C. de Jong, Silke Schwarz, Ralph Müller, Jeanine Hendriks, Nicole Rotter, Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch, Kathryn S. Stok, Paul Gatenholm
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)