tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Involving clinical professionals in managing and planning services
Authors: S T Atherton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

come some of the difficulties encountered by specialist providers.One important issue not covered directly by the white paper is the future development of specialist services, and in particular where, who by, and how much we can afford.Already it is becoming more difficult for smaller district general hospitals to provide some of the commoner specialist services-for example, urology, ear, nose, and throat surgery, and oral surgery.Changes in working patterns, in higher specialist training, and in the availability of staff make it likely that specialist services will in future be provided from fewer hospitals.Specialist care tends also to be associated with high cost interventions: bone marrow transplants, interferon,
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solar ultraviolet radiation
Authors: R. Newton, E. Roman, N. Fear, L. Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Interferon beta lb has to be self administered subcutaneously every other day.Patients run the risk of feeling that they have chronic flu3 or of becoming depressed,3 and 38% of them will have neutralised the drug by the development of antibodies after three years.3Interferon beta lb has no significant effect on the development of disability in multiple sclerosis.3Quite why it has been licensed is a mystery to many of us.Why is Schering allowed to advertise it in the BMJ
Abstract P141: Electrocardiogram Waveform Analysis Reveals Probability of Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Both Swine and Human Subjects
Authors: Lawrence D Sherman, James T Niemann, Thomas D Rea, John P Rosborough, James D Waters, James J Menegazzi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The Logarithm of the Absolute Correlations (LAC) is a measure which estimates VF duration based on the fractal dimension of the waveform. We hypothesized that the LAC measures the underlying physiology of the myocardium and would enable identification of those who would have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in response to the initial shock. We tested this hypothesis in a swine model and among humans treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Methods: 20 swine were placed in VF either by electrical stimulation (n=10) or through ischemia produced by percutaneous balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (n=10). After 7 minutes of VF, CPR was performed for 1 min followed by defibrillation. Response to shock was recorded as ROSC if a BP of 60 mm Hg was present. The LAC was calculated for five second intervals during VF. In the human cohort, the AED ECG recordings of 165 subjects were analyzed. The average interval from 9 –1–1 call to EMS scene arrival was 5 minutes. Response to shock was recorded as ROSC if an organized rhythm corresponded with a palpable BP as determined by review of audio and written EMS report. The LAC was calculated on the 6 seconds of VF preceding the initial shock. In both the swine and human experience, we compared the mean LAC between those with and without ROSC. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and measured the area under the curve to assess the diagnostic ability of the LAC. Results: In the swine model, the mean LAC differed significantly between swine with and without ROSC following the initial shock (with ROSC: 5.17±0.19 [n=6] versus without ROSC: 4.88±0.27 [n=14]: p = 0.033). The AUC for the LAC measure was 0.80. In the human cohort, the LAC also differed significantly between those with and without ROSC following the initial shock (5.21±0.34 [n=36] versus 4.81±0.47 [n=129], p &lt; 0.0001). The AUC for the LAC measure was 0.76. Conclusions: The LAC measure predicts ROSC in both swine and human VF and can be used to guide resuscitation care. Swine ischemic VF is similar to that seen in humans.
Abstract 14750: Imaging Of Myocardial Substrate Of Right Ventricular Tachycardia: Endocardial Voltage Mapping Versus Contrast-enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance.
Authors: Martina Perazzolo Marra, Alessandro Zorzi, Federico Migliore, Maria Silvano, Barbara Bauce, Ilaria Rigato, Loira Leoni, Cristina Basso, Gianfranco Buja, Gaetano Thiene, Sabino Iliceto, Domenico Corrado
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Endocardial voltage mapping (EVM) is currently used for substrate-based mapping and catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular (ARV...
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Due to Early and Late Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Tania Chechi, Sabine Vecchio, Guido Vittori, Gabriele Giuliani, Alessio Lilli, Gaia Spaziani, Lorenzo Consoli, Giorgio Baldereschi, Giuseppe G.L. Biondi-Zoccai, Imad Sheiban, Massimo Margheri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Preparations and Appliances
Authors: J J KEMPTON, J M MURRAY
Journal: BMJ (1958)

polythene bag was attached.The bag was replaced daily, and the content of exudate and worms could be measured.Thus the efficacy of a compound in causing expulsion of worms from the air passages could be assessed.Dr. 0. D. STANDEN (Wellcome Laboratories of Tropical Medicine, London) spoke on the experimental approach to chemotherapy in helminthic diseases.This could be either selective or empiric.In the selective approach a known effective compound was analysed and its related com- pounds studied to see if modifications of their chemical structure might result in an effective compound free from some of the disadvantages of the original substance.Since
The CIAO (Coronary Interventions Antiplatelet-based Only) Study
Authors: Eugenio Stabile, Wail Nammas, Luigi Salemme, Giovanni Sorropago, Angelo Cioppa, Tullio Tesorio, Vittorio Ambrosini, Esther Campopiano, Gregory Popusoi, Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, Paolo Rubino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
P0805 : Achievement of SVR12 despite the presence of HCV variants resistant to first generation NS5A inhibitors in genotype-1 hepatitis C patients after 8-week therapy of ACH-3102 in combination with sofosbuvir
Authors: D. Patel, Y. Zhao, J. Fabrycki, G. Yang, S. Podos, H. Kocinsk, M. Mader, E. Gane, C. Schwabe, D. Apelian, M. Huang, W. Yang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Osmoregulation during Pregnancy in the Rat
Authors: Jacques A. Durr, Barbara Stamoutsos, Marshall D. Lindheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Osmoregulation was studied in near term and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats. Basal plasma osmolality (Posm) and plasma sodium (PNa) were 281±3 mosmol/kg and 134±3 meq/liter, respectively, on the 20th gestational day compared with 292±3 mosmol/kg and 140±1 meq/liter in virgin animals (P < 0.001), whereas Purea and plasma water content were similar in pregnant and control rats. These differences could not be reproduced in animals receiving progesterone, estrone, or a combination of progesterone and estradiol for 2 wk.
Abstract A78: Profiling of miRNA interactions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by Argonaute CLIP-seq suggests a highly dynamic repertoire of targets
Authors: Kevin Quann, Phillipe Loher, Peter Clark, Kathleen Delgrosso, Paolo Fortina, Yi Jing, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are primary post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression which operate by degrading or otherwise repressing translation of target transcripts containing a corresponding miRNA recognition element (MRE). MiRNAs exert their effects through recruitment of the Argonaute (Ago) silencing complex to MRE sites. Although disruption of miRNA expression profiles is characteristic of many disease states, the inherent biological complexity of these regulatory networks has limited the ability to exhaustively catalog miRNA target repertoires and their associated functional phenotypes for a given tissue or cell type. To address these issues in the context of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, we performed next generation sequencing of both short and long RNA species to profile expression levels of both miRNAs and potential target transcripts, respectively, in hTERT-HPNE and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Additionally, we deep-sequenced Argonaute-bound RNAs (Ago CLIP-seq). Our results indicate that although the transcriptional profiles of both cell lines are stable across replicates, the subset of MREs that are engaged at any time with miRNAs is highly dynamic and not necessarily commensurate with relative transcript abundance. Additionally, we found that most MREs are located in intergenic and intronic regions. Moreover, of the MREs that are in protein-coding transcripts, the majority exist outside the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs), in the coding regions and the 5′UTRs. These results further suggest that standard models for miRNA interactions that are commonly utilized may not adequately capture the interactions that are at work in pancreatic cells. Taken together, these results highlight a newfound complexity of miRNA regulatory networks and suggest their functional relevance in a model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: Kevin Quann, Phillipe Loher, Peter Clark, Kathleen Delgrosso, Paolo Fortina, Yi Jing, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos. Profiling of miRNA interactions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by Argonaute CLIP-seq suggests a highly dynamic repertoire of targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A78.
Abstract 16042: Selective Renal Sympathetic Denervation With Arterial Sparing?: An in vivo Proof of Principle Study Using Ultrasound Energy
Authors: Jacob S Koruth, Srinivas Dukkipati, Marc A Miller, Yegor Sinelnikov, Yong Zou, David Smith, Andre d'Avila, Vivek Y Reddy
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Renal artery sympathetic denervation using radiofrequency (RF) energy has recently been shown to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. However, RF energy causes transmu...
Abstract 12009: Effect of RG7652, a mAb Against PCSK9, on Apolipoprotein B, Oxidized LDL, Lipoprotein(a) and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in Healthy Individuals With Elevated LDL-c
Authors: Amos Baruch, Kate Peng, Maya Leabman, Nageshwar Budha, Diana Luca, Kyra J Cowan, John D Davis, Whittemore Tingley
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: RG7652 (MPSK3169A) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control...
Is it so good to talk?
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The <i>UGT1</i> locus is felt to be highly conserved between species, as is evident from the characterization of the locus in rodents and humans. In rabbits, cDNAs encoding proteins homologous to human UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A7 have previously been identified. Here we demonstrate by Southern blot analysis, using exon 1 divergent 5′ segments from rabbit UGT1A4 and UGT1A6 cDNAs, the existence of a cluster of highly related genes that are homologous to each of these exon 1 sequences. In comparing rabbit and human, it is evident that the<i>UGT1A4</i> and <i>UGT1A6</i> gene clusters in rabbit have undergone gene duplication. This is particularly evident with rabbit <i>UGT1A6</i>. The human <i>UGT1A6</i> cDNA anneals to only a single gene fragment, as displayed by Southern blot analysis, indicating that the <i>UGT1A6</i> exon 1 sequence is highly conserved. However, up to six rabbit <i>UGT1A6</i> genes could be predicted from Southern blot analysis. To examine the potential linkage of the rabbit <i>UGT1A6</i> genes, multiple<i>UGT1A6</i> exons were identified from genomic DNA by extended polymerase chain reaction techniques and cloning of the<i>UGT1A6</i> exon 1 sequences. Five unique<i>UGT1A6</i> exon 1 gene sequences were characterized that could be predicted to encode proteins that are 98% similar in amino acid structure. Using a conserved region of the rabbit<i>UGT1A6</i> cDNA as a probe to screen cDNA libraries, we identified a second <i>UGT1A6</i> cDNA, termed<i>UGT1A6α</i>. In addition, a cDNA that encodes a protein similar to human UGT1A3 was also cloned. Characterization of UGT1A6α demonstrated the protein to be 98.9% identical to UGT1A6. The expression of rabbit UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A6 displayed catalytic activities similar to their human orthologs. However, UGT1A6α was catalytically divergent from UGT1A6, indicating that UGT1A6 and UGT1A6α do not arise from allelic polymorphism. These results demonstrate that lagomorphs have evolved at least five additional<i>UGT1A</i>6 genes, an event that is not duplicated in rodents or humans.
TV: Mobiles on the brain
Authors: R. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1999)

“The Mobile Mystery,” Panorama , BBC1, Monday 24 May, 10 05 pm

Media attention has once again focused on alleged links between use of mobile phones and an increased risk of brain tumours. Panorama used two case histories to illustrate the possible damaging effects of these proliferating “essentials.” One patient developed “band-like” headache, mood swings, and memory problems, and the other patient developed a brain tumour.

Also, two as yet unpublished studies from Sweden and the United States were reported to support the alleged link between mobile phone use and brain tumours. Details were sketchy about both studies. In the first, Dr Lennart Hardell from the Orebro Medical Centre in Sweden reported a retrospective analysis of 200 patients who had developed brain tumours. The patients were asked about their use of mobile phones. Panorama suggested that Dr Hardell had found almost 2.5 times the expected rate of brain tumours in phone users. In fact, he stated that there was no significant increase in tumours overall but that there seemed to have been a 2.5-fold increase in numbers of brain tumours in certain areas of the brain. These areas were related to the side of the head where the antenna of the mobile phone was located during …
The association between recurrent antibiotic exposure and cancer risk.
Authors: Shimon Ben Boursi, Ronac Mamtani, Kevin Haynes, Yu-Xiao Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e12638 Background: Bacterial dysbiosis was previously described in malignant lesions in humans. In a recent animal model, tumor susceptibility was transmitted using fecal transplantation. Our aim was to evaluate possible association between antibiotic exposure and cancer risk. Methods: We conducted nested case-control studies for 16 common malignancies using a large population-based electronic medical records database. Cases were defined as those with any medical code for the specific malignancy. Individuals with cancer diagnosed before the age of 20 or known familial cancer syndromes were excluded. For every case, four eligible controls matched on age, sex, practice site, and duration of follow-up before index-date were selected using incidence-density sampling. Exposure of interest was antibiotic therapy > 1 year before index-date. Adjusted odds-ratios (AORs) and 95%CIs were estimated for each antibiotic type using conditional logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders. Results: 147,604 cases and 577,048 matched controls were included in the different analyses. For gastro-intestinal malignancies, the use of penicillin was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal, stomach, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. The association increased in strength with the number of antibiotic courses with an AOR of up to 1.43 for stomach cancers associated with > 5 courses of penicillin (95%CI 1.24-1.66). Lung cancer risk increased with the use of penicillin, cephalosporines, or macrolides (AOR for > 5 courses of penicillin: 1.44 95%CI 1.35-1.55). The risk of prostate cancer increased modestly with the use of penicillin, quinolones, TMP/SMX and tetracyclines. The risk for breast cancer was modestly associated with exposure to TMP/SMX. As expected, there was no association between antibiotic use and melanoma or carcinoma of the cervix. There was also no association between use of anti-virals and anti-fungals and cancer risk. Conclusions: Recurrent exposure to certain antibiotics may be associated with cancer risk in specific organ sites.
Beyond diagnosis: the phenomenology of schizophrenia
Authors: W T Carpenter, J S Strauss, J J Bartko
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors believe that sharp distinctions of schizophrenia based on cross-sectional signs and symptoms provide the basis for precise and reliable diagnoses, but they do not believe that diagnoses derived from a narrow descriptive base are generously informative on the broad range of human functioning vulnerable to impairment in the course of schizophrenic illness. They comment on the 12-point flexible diagnostic system, illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of well-defined but narrow models for diagnosis, and on the results of testing the predictive validity of several diagnostic approaches. Finally, they contrast the phenomenologic approaches to schizophrenic illness with modern-day descriptive psychiatry, noting implications for clinical practice.
The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on a spectrum of mouse and rat tumors.
Authors: Enrico Mihich, Fred Rosen, Charles A. Nichol
Journal: Cancer Research (1959)

In the initial studies on the effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon tumor growth, deficient diets were fed to rats and mice to impair the functions de- pendent upon the vitamin; inhibition of tumor growth was observed with Sarcoma 180 (S-180) (1), Flexner-Jobling carcinoma, Yale adenocar- cinoma-1 and a mouse fibrosarcoma (7). In nearly all subsequent investigations dietary depletion was combined with the administration of an anti- metabolite, usually 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-DOP), and in many instances reduction in the growth of tumors was observed (~, 8, 1~-14). The effects pro- duced by pyridoxine deficiency are not, however, necessarily the same as those resulting from treat- ment with antagonists of this vitamin, since quali- tative differences in the effects on certain enzymes have been reported (6). Recent studies in this laboratory demonstrated that the growth of S-180 was impaired in mice fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet for ~ weeks or longer prior to implantation; furthermore, a considerable number of tumors regressed completely under these conditions (9). Complete regression of estab- lished S-180 acquired particular significance, since this tumor, although sensitive to a number of agents, had been found to regress completely only following treatment with 6-mercaptopurine (4). The study of the effects of pyridoxine deficiency alone on a limited spectrum of tumors was there- fore considered desirable. Growth of Adenocar- cinoma 755, Ehrlich carcinoma (solid), Murphy- Sturm lymphosarcoma, Leukemias LI~10 and L4946, Ehrlich carcinoma clone ~ (ascites), and Plasma-cell tumor 704~9 was inhibited in varying degrees in animals fed the deficient diet. Growth of Walker carcinosarcoma s and Ridgway osteo- genic sarcoma was not appreciably affected by this nutritional condition.
Abstract 287: 5-Hydroxydecanoate, a Mitochondrial Selective KATP Antagonist, Blocks the Rescue Action of Lipid Emulsion in Bupivacaine-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Parisa Partownavid, Salil Sharma, Siamak Rahman, Mansoureh Eghbali
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Lipid emulsion (intralipid) rescues Bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity. We have shown previously that glibenclamide, a non selective ATP potassium channel blocker abolishes the rescue action of intralipid. Here we explored the role of 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a mitochondrial selective KATP antagonist in the intralipid-mediated rescue of bupivacaine overdose. Methods: Young male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) were anesthetized intraperitoneally with a mixture of ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg), and ventilated with a ventilator. M-mode echocardiography were acquired throughout the experiment. In protocol-1 (n=5), asystole was induced by a single injection of bupivacaine (10mg/kg over 20 seconds, intravenously) and resuscitation with Intralipid 20% (5ml/kg bolus, and 0.5ml/kg/min maintenance) with chest compression was started immediately. In protocol-2 (n=8) rats were pre-treated with 5-HD (5 mg/kg, IV) 30 minutes prior to inducing asystole with bupivacaine. In both protocols the heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured before inducing asystole (baseline), and at 1, 5 and 10 min after lipid treatment. A two way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for comparison of means. Values are mean ± SEM, n=5 rats/group, p&lt;0.05 significant. Results: In protocol-1, the baseline HR and EF were 321±21 and 72.3±4.6%. Bupivacaine resulted in asystole and intralipid therapy improved the heart rate and cardiac function within 10 min(HR=86±13beats/min at 1min, 216±10beats/min at 5 min, and 228±14beats/min at 10 min). The left ventricular systolic function fully recovered in all rats within 5 min of intralipid treatment (EF=72±5%, FS=42±4%). In protocol-2, there were no significant differences between HR and EF before (HR=324.6±16.5 beats/min, EF=78.0±2.8%) and 30 min after (HR=340.9±15.6 beats/min, EF=83.3±2.0%) 5-HD adminstration. However, 5-HD (5mg/kg), prevented the intralipid-induced rescue of bupivacaine overdose, as there was no recovery within 10 min of intralipid therapy. Conclusions: Pre-treatment with 5-HD prevents the lipid rescue of bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity suggesting that mitochondrial KATP channels are involved.
Abstract 505: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increases the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Longitudinal Study of 10,701 Adults
Authors: Apoor S Gami, Eric J Olson, Win K Shen, R S Wright, Karla V Ballman, David O Hodge, Regina M Herges, Daniel E Howard, Virend K Somers
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD), a major cause of mortality, is difficult. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to cardiovascular disease and arrhythmias, and is associated wi...