tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of nicotine on gastric myoelectrical activity in ICR mice
Authors: Eileen Wang, Nathalie Du Sert, John Rudd
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Slow waves originate from the pacemaker network of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and determine the direction and velocity of propagation of peristaltic activity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The enteric nervous system (ENS) and smooth muscle cells are known to interface with ICCs through excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Electrogastrography (EGG) can be used to record gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and reveals slow wave information, in terms of frequency and power. GMA has been studied in conscious rabbits, dogs, rats, and ferrets, but rarely in mice. Nicotine was used to activate ganglia in an attempt to modulate excitatory and inhibitory neurons linked to ICC functioning. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to define the characteristics of GMA in mice, and to establish criteria for analysis.
Changing Mortality in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Philip M. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The mortality rate of bronchial asthma has shown a downward trend in recent years. This has resulted from the availability of effective bronchodilators, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids, and mechanical aids to respiration. The asphyxial phenomena of intractable asthma, infectious complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and cardiac failure still account for most asthmatic deaths. Certain previously unknown terminal patterns, however, have been recognized and some of them relate to untoward effects of the treatment. Further reduction in the asthma mortality rate will require meticulous attention to therapeutic indications and the various complications along with an increasing awareness of the occasionally adverse consequences of some forms of treatment.
Exposure of blood from patients with sickle cell disease to air changes the morphological, oxygen‐binding, and sickling properties of sickled erythrocytes
Authors: Kazuo Obata, Julian Mattiello, Kenji Asakura, Kwaku Ohene‐Frempong, Toshio Asakura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

We collected venous blood samples from 7 steady-state patients with homozygous sickle cell disease under venous oxygen pressure without exposure to air (UnExp-blood) and compared the morphological, oxygen-binding, and sickling properties with those of SS cells in aliquots of the same venous blood samples that were oxygenated in room air or at a PO2 near 180 mmHg (Exp-blood). Results showed that (1) upon deoxygenation under nitrogen, UnExp-blood generated a significantly higher percentage of elongated reversibly sickled cells (RSCs) than did Exp-blood; (2) upon gradual oxygenation of completely deoxygenated sickled cells, RSCs in UnExp-blood converted to discocytes at a higher oxygen pressure than did those in Exp-blood; (3) the degree of hysteresis between the sickling/desickling curves of UnExp-blood was greater than that of Exp-blood; and (4) deoxy-Hb S in hemolysate prepared from SS cells in UnExp-blood polymerized without a delay time, while those from Exp-blood polymerized with a distinct delay time. The in vivo properties of RSCs significantly changed upon oxygenation. We also found that the various properties of blood samples collected from patients with SCD by the ordinary method were similar to those of Exp-blood, probably because such blood samples are exposed to oxygen through air in the needle, syringe, and Vacutainer. Once SS cells were oxygenated, the in vivo properties of RSCs could not be recovered by partial deoxygenation to venous oxygen pressure.
RSV infection in absence of STAT1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented IL-17 and IL-23 expression
Authors: R.S. Peebles, J. Durbin, W. Zhou, R.D. Collins, S.B. Ho, J.K. Kolls, P.J. Dubin, J.R. Sheller, B.S. Graham, K. Hashimoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Pulmonary Perfusion Defect and Bronchial Artery Collateral Blood Flow
Authors: William H. Neches
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A five-year-old child with severe congestive heart failure following repair of tetralogy of Fallot was examined for correction of a suspected left-to-right shunt. Lung scan and selective bronchial angiographs demonstrated greatly diminished perfusion to the right upper lobe, which was supplied by a large bronchial artery. Technetium microspheres were injected into the artery for quantification. Subsequently, the artery was occluded by injection of the tissue-adhesive bucrylate. During the following year, radionuclide scans showed improvement in the uniformity and percentage distribution of pulmonary perfusion by way of the pulmonary artery. The child has become asymptomatic following closure of the bronchial vessel. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1842-1844, 1977)
Can Massachusetts Lead the Way in Health Care Reform?
Authors: Stuart H. Altman, Michael Doonan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Stuart Altman on the Massachusetts health care reform bill. (05:53)Download Our health care system is a mess. The number of uninsured Americans is approaching 50 million. The costs of health insurance are too high, and they are rising rapidly. Polls repeatedly show that a majority of Democrats, Republicans, and Independents favor universal health care coverage. The trouble is that we can't agree on a solution. The left wants to scrap the current system and substitute a government-financed single-payer program. The right supports consumer-directed health savings accounts and tax credits. More moderate elements on the right, such as Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts, also favor requiring all persons to purchase health . . .
GW25-e2438 Increased susceptibility of hERG channels to d-sotalol hydrochloride due to a compound mutation L539fs/47-hERG
Authors: Li Guoliang, Jine Wu, Wenqi Han, Aifeng Zhang, Ying Lv, Gong Cheng, Changcong Cui, Sun Chaofeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Dust: Sources of Variability
Authors: Todd P. Whitehead, Catherine Metayer, Myrto Petreas, Monique Does, Patricia A. Buffler, Stephen M. Rappaport
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

There is interest in using residential dust to estimate human exposure to environmental contaminants.We aimed to characterize the sources of variability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential dust and provide guidance for investigators who plan to use residential dust to assess exposure to PAHs.We collected repeat dust samples from 293 households in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study during two sampling rounds (from 2001 through 2007 and during 2010) using household vacuum cleaners, and measured 12 PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used a random- and a mixed-effects model for each PAH to apportion observed variance into four components and to identify sources of variability.Median concentrations for individual PAHs ranged from 10 to 190 ng/g of dust. For each PAH, total variance was apportioned into regional variability (1-9%), intraregional between-household variability (24-48%), within-household variability over time (41-57%), and within-sample analytical variability (2-33%). Regional differences in PAH dust levels were associated with estimated ambient air concentrations of PAH. Intraregional differences between households were associated with the residential construction date and the smoking habits of residents. For some PAHs, a decreasing time trend explained a modest fraction of the within-household variability; however, most of the within-household variability was unaccounted for by our mixed-effects models. Within-household differences between sampling rounds were largest when the interval between dust sample collections was at least 6 years in duration.Our findings indicate that it may be feasible to use residential dust for retrospective assessment of PAH exposures in studies of health effects.
OC-061 Rates Of Post Colonoscopy Colorectal Cancer (pccrc) Are Significantly Affected By Methodology, But Are Nevertheless Declining In The Nhs: Abstract OC-061 Table 1
Authors: R Valori, E Morris, J Thomas, M Rutter
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It is recognised that post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) can be due to missed cancer, or cancer arising from missed or incompletely removed polyps. Thus the rate of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) should become a key quality indicator of colonoscopy. A quality indicator should be relevant to patients, clearly defined, standardised, and measurable over time and have a target to aim for. This study compares methods for defining PCCRC rates, proposes a method that best meets these criteria and explores rates over time. <h3>Methods</h3> Information on all individuals with a primary colorectal cancer and prior colonoscopic investigations in England between 2001 and 2010 was extracted from the National Cancer Data Repository. Previously published methods (Bressler, Cooper, Singh and leClerc) for deriving PCCRC rates were applied to these data to investigate the effect on the rate. A new method, based on the year of the colonoscopy, not CRC diagnosis, is proposed. <h3>Results</h3> Of 297,956 individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the study period a total of 94,648 underwent a colonoscopy in the 3 years prior to their diagnosis. The table illustrates how application of the published methods and exclusion criteria to the dataset produces significantly different PCCRC rates from 2.4 to 7.8%: The PCCRC rate of 6.8% produced by the Singh method best fulfils the proposed criteria for a quality indicator but it is not suitable for annual reporting: the rate reflects colonoscopy performance in the years preceding the year of reporting. Amending this method to look forward from the time of colonoscopy, rather than backward from the time of diagnosis of cancer, provides a rate relating to the year the procedure was actually performed. This new method demonstrates that PCCRC rates within 3 years of colonoscopy (without exclusions) decreased in the English NHS over 7 years by 29%: from 10.2 to 7.2% for colonoscopies performed in 2001 and 2007 respectively. 25% (37/148 hospitals) achieved a PCCRC for the period of 4.0% or less. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PCCRC rates in England are improving over time and comparable to those in other countries. The method used to determine rates significantly affects findings, thus international benchmarking requires an agreed method for defining PCCRC. The Singh and suggested new method provide a PCCRC rate most relevant to patients. It is proposed that on the basis of current evidence, and improvements evident over time in this study, a reasonable target for a national rate of PCCRC up to 3 years following a colonoscopy should be less than 4%. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Same-Day Discharge After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Todd J. Janus
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cross species applicability of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: V O'Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the striatum, through combined stimulation of dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptors (D1Rs) and glutamate NMDA receptors. Antipsychotic drugs activate similar signaling proteins in the striatum by blocking dopamine D<sub>2</sub> receptors (D2Rs). However, the neurons in which these pathways are activated by psychotropic drugs are not precisely identified. We used transgenic mice, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was driven by D1R promoter (<i>drd1a</i>-EGFP) or D2R promoter (<i>drd2</i>-EGFP). We confirmed the expression of <i>drd1a</i>-EGFP in striatonigral and <i>drd2</i>-EGFP in striatopallidal neurons. <i>Drd2</i>-EGFP was also expressed in cholinergic interneurons, whereas no expression of either promoter was detected in GABAergic interneurons. Acute cocaine treatment increased phosphorylation of ERK and its direct or indirect nuclear targets, mitogen- and stress-activated kinase-1 (MSK1) and histone H3, exclusively in D1R-expressing output neurons in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens. Cocaine-induced expression of c-Fos and Zif268 predominated in D1R-expressing neurons but was also observed in D2R-expressing neurons. One week after repeated cocaine administration, cocaine-induced signaling responses were decreased, with the exception of enhanced ERK phosphorylation in dorsal striatum. The responses remained confined to D1R neurons. In contrast, acute haloperidol injection activated phosphorylation of ERK, MSK1, and H3 only in D2R neurons and induced <i>c-fos</i> and <i>zif268</i> predominantly in these neurons. Our results demonstrate that cocaine and haloperidol specifically activate signaling pathways in two completely segregated populations of striatal output neurons, providing direct evidence for the selective mechanisms by which these drugs exert their long-term effects.
Elevation of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Renal Infarction
Authors: Gary G. Winzelberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The diagnostic value of a strikingly elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in association with only small or no increases in SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels was noted in five patients with proved renal infarction. Four had renal artery embolism and infarction in association with atrial arrhythmias; one had an acute extension of an abdominal aortic aneurysm occluding the renal artery. Other causes of a considerable isolated increase in the serum LDH level such as hemolysis and myocardial infarction can usually be easily excluded.
Chlorpromazine-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Edmund L. Dubois
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A 38-year-old man developed polyarthritis, light-sensitive butterfly area eruption, pleurisy with effusion, leukopenia, and fever after taking 400 mg of chlorpromazine daily for 17 months. Lupus erythematosus (LE) cells and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were present. Following cessation of the medication, improvement occurred within two weeks; symptoms recurred on challenging with chlorpromazine within 36 hours. The LE cells and ANA disappeared two months after the drug was withdrawn.
Acquired Interventricular Septal Defect Secondary to Trauma
Authors: Freeman H. Cary, J. Willis Hurst, Willard R. Arentzen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

INTERVENTRICULAR septal defect may be congenital in origin or due to myocardial infarction or infection, or may result from trauma. Much has been written about the congenital cases1 2 3 and those secondary to myocardial infarction,4 , 5 whereas cases secondary to trauma6 or infection7 are rare. Since so many highly effective antibiotics are now in use, cases due to infection will undoubtedly become even more unusual. However, traumatic heart injuries are likely to continue to increase, particularly since safety factors in automobile travel have not kept pace with increased horsepower and speed.It is the purpose of the paper to report 4 new . . .
Chronic blockade of endogenous atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) by monoclonal antibody against ANP accelerates the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-hypertensive rats.
Authors: H Itoh, K Nakao, M Mukoyama, T Yamada, K Hosoda, G Shirakami, N Morii, A Sugawara, Y Saito, S Shiono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To explain the pathophysiological significance of endogenous atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the development of hypertension, we examined the effect of chronic, repetitive administrations of MAb raised against alpha-rat ANP in two rat models of hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats of the stroke prone substrain (SHR-SP), and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. Weekly intravenous administrations of MAb with high affinity for alpha-rat ANP, named KY-ANP-II (MAb[KY-ANP-II]), started at the age of 6 wk, significantly augmented the rise in blood pressure of SHR-SP, compared with control SHR-SP treated with another MAb with quite low affinity for alpha-rat ANP, named KY-ANP-I (MAb[KY-ANP-I]), throughout the observation period. The administrations of MAb[KY-ANP-II] had no significant effect on blood pressure of age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats, compared with those receiving MAb[KY-ANP-I]. Weekly administrations of MAb[KY-ANP-II] also significantly aggravated hypertension in DOCA-salt rats. Blood pressure of DOCA-salt rats treated with MAb[KY-ANP-II] was significantly higher than that of DOCA-salt rats treated with MAb[KY-ANP-I] throughout 8 wk of DOCA and 1% saline administration. The administration of MAb[KY-ANP-II] also significantly attenuated exaggerated diuresis and natriuresis in DOCA-salt rats compared with those treated with MAb[KY-ANP-I]. Elevated plasma cGMP levels of both SHR-SP and DOCA-salt rats were significantly reduced by the administration of MAb[KY-ANP-II]. These results suggest the compensatory role of augmented secretion of ANP in these hypertensive rats and support the concept that augmented secretion of ANP could represent an antihypertensive deterrent mechanism.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IT HAS been suggested that the primary abnormality in muscular dystrophy lies not in the muscle but in the motor neuron on whose trophic factor the function and survival of muscle fibers depend.<sup>1</sup> This "neurogenic hypothesis"<sup>2</sup>might explain those confusing neuropathic electromyographic responses seen in some cases of myopathy, as well as perplexing elevations of serum muscle enzyme levels found in certain neuropathic states. Diagnosis, and thus prognosis, is confounded when a patient shows the features of both neuropathic and myopathic disease. The following examples illustrate this problem. <h3>Report of Cases</h3> Two brothers, aged 31 and 32 years, of Appalachian extraction, had similar complaints. The elder noted progressive weakness for seven years in his arms and legs. His birth and developmental history were normal. He was athletically active until the onset of symptoms. Two younger sisters were living and well. His two sons, aged 7 and 8 years, and
Old and new tools to dissect calcineurin's role in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: W Zhang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

In the last several years, a number of experiments have implicated a pivotal role of the calcium/calmodulin-calcineurin dependent pathway as a final common signaling mechanism by which diverse hypertrophic stimuli converge to mediate hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. Calcineurin inhibitors, i.e. cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506, can interrupt the pathway, thereby preventing cardiac hypertrophy. The data that convincingly support this novel hypothesis were derived either from in vitro studies in cultured cardiomyocytes or from in vivo studies in transgenic mice. However, when the hypothesis was tested in clinically relevant animal models of cardiac hypertrophy, controversial results and conclusions emerged. In conventional models of cardiac hypertrophy, two questions remain to be answered: (1) whether calcineurin is activated in hypertrophied cardiac muscle, and (2) whether calcineurin inhibitors prevent cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, clinical observations have revealed that calcineurin inhibitors appear to exert pro-hypertrophic effects in organ transplant recipients. The controversies suggest that current calcineurin inhibitors are blunt tools for testing the hypothesis in pressure-overload hypertrophy in vivo, because there are so many confounding effects that are associated with systemic administration of the drugs. As such, new genetic approaches may overcome some of the problems associated with pharmacological inhibitors. This invited review will focus on the controversies surrounding the ability of calcineurin inhibition to prevent conventional (pressure-overload) cardiac hypertrophy and the new genetic approaches to address the question.
Concepts of Educational Psychiatry
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A notable feature of the advance of psychiatry during the last few decades has been its application to the "caretaking" professions—law, teaching, religion, and medicine itself. Instead of waiting for people to become patients, psychiatrists with interest in social problems are endeavoring to apply psychiatric insights to the solution of basic issues in these fields. It is hoped that this will result in fewer casualties, as well as promote and support mental health among personnel of these professions. The schools and colleges are particularly suitable for such activity. Many unusual opportunities for diversion of young people from illness to health are open to edcational psychiatrists. How they work with teachers and administrators to promote optimal intellectual functioning and what the differences are between this and ordinary psychiatric practice constitute the theme of this article.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE AND DETERMINANTS OF A HYPOINTENSE CORE IN T2-WEIGHTED CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN ACUTE REPERFUSED ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Holger Thiele, Ingo Eitel, Konrad Kubusch, Oliver Strohm, Steffen Desch, Yoko Mikami, Suzanne de Waha, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Matthias Friedrich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Robert H. Eckel, John M. Jakicic, Jamy D. Ard, Janet M. de Jesus, Nancy Houston Miller, Van S. Hubbard, I-Min Lee, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Catherine M. Loria, Barbara E. Millen, Cathy A. Nonas, Frank M. Sacks, Sidney C. Smith, Laura P. Svetkey, Thomas A. Wadden, Susan Z. Yanovski
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Global broadcasting and self-interpretation
Authors: David Pereplyotchik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Carruthers claims that global workspace theory implies that sensory states, unlike propositional attitudes, are introspectible in a non-interpretative fashion. I argue that this claim is false, and defend a strong version of the “mindreading is prior” model of first-person access, according to which the self-ascription of all mental states, both propositional and sensory, is interpretative.