tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Melanotic freckle of Hutchinson: treatment of macular and nodular phases with cryotherapy
Authors: RODNEY P.R. DAWBER, JOHN D. WILKINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Fourteen cases of Hutchinson's lentigo maligna and eight further cases with nodular invasive areas in whom liquid nitrogen spray has been curative are reported. We suggest that in view of its simplicity and efficacy, cryotherapy is the treatment of choice for the macular phase and possibly also for the nodular invasive stage.
EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE AS A PREDICTOR OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS WITHOUT CALCIFICATION USING MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Kenji Harada, Akihiro Saito, Takanobu Okumura, Norihito Kageyama, Takashi Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Fujinaga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Increased aortic impedance precedes peripheral vasoconstriction at the early stage of ventricular failure in the paced canine model.
Authors: G M Eaton, R J Cody, P F Binkley
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Aortic input impedance is altered in patients with congestive heart failure. However, little is known about whether this vascular response is an early change or a late manifestation of left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS This investigation used a paced canine model of congestive heart failure to demonstrate that abnormal aortic input impedance does evolve in the setting of ventricular systolic dysfunction and to prospectively define the time course of change in aortic input impedance and conduit vessel compliance. Studies were performed in closed-chest conditioned beagles aged 1 to 2 years that underwent hemodynamic evaluation at baseline and after induction of left ventricular dysfunction by rapid ventricular pacing. Within 48 hours of the onset of rapid ventricular pacing, we observed mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an echocardiographically derived left ventricular ejection fraction of 37% (p &lt; .001 compared with baseline) measured during interruption of rapid ventricular pacing. Concomitant with this reduction in left ventricular systolic function, the aortic input impedance spectrum was shifted above baseline in all dogs studied. Characteristic impedance of the aorta significantly increased from 121 +/- 65 dynes.s/cm5 to 186 +/- 114 dynes.s/cm5 (P &lt; .02), and a significant increase in the first modulus of impedance from 137 +/- 43 dynes.s/cm5 to 228 +/- 139 dynes.s/cm5 was observed (P &lt; .05). Although characteristic aortic impedance increased by 50%, there was at this point no change in peripheral vascular resistance. Therefore, these abnormalities in aortic input impedance are representative of an early vascular change that evolves in response to ventricular systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Considering the early appearance of these findings, the resultant impaired power transfer and reduced conduit vessel compliance likely contribute to the progression of abnormal myocardial energetics and systolic dysfunction characteristic of ventricular failure.
Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis with 5-fluorocytosine
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON, BRUCE CONNOR, YVONNE CLAYTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case of chromoblastomycosis was successfully treated by oral and topical 5-fluorocytosine. Progress of treatment was monitored histologically, by culture of scrapings, and by estimation of blood levels of the drug.
Is There a Case for an International Medical Scientific Press Council?
Authors: Douglas G. Altman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Serious abuse of editorial power is rarely publicized, but evidence that it occurs is accumulating. Authors who believe that they have been dealt with unfairly have little possibility of a hearing of their complaint, and cases cannot easily be publicized because of fears of legal action. We describe briefly three cases in which the alleged misdeeds indicate that there were legitimate questions that needed answers. In the first case, an editor republished a previously published article without the authors' permission (but stated the opposite), attacked it in an accompanying editorial, and then denied the authors the right of reply. The other cases concerned a commissioned review article that was plagiarized and an editor with an undisclosed vested interest. An appeal process is needed for authors who think that they are victims of editorial abuse of power. We suggest that the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors turn its attention to editorial misconduct and explore possible procedures for allowing authors' grievances to be heard and for possible sanctions if complaints are upheld. An International Medical Scientific Press Council might be established to produce a code of conduct for editors and a corresponding taxonomy of inappropriate editorial behavior.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR APPLYING MEDICAMENTS TO THE URETHRAL, UTERINE AND RECTAL CANALS.Read before the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: A. B. KIRKPATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In October, 1891, I showed this instrument to the Philadelphia County Medical Society, and read a brief paper on the subject. But the applicator has been so much improved and has been used so successfully since then that I think the subject merits further consideration. The applicator is made in different sizes, the largest eight inches long with a caliber of half an inch, and the smallest of the same length and caliber of one-eighth of an inch. The medium sized one, three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter is best for general use. The tube is made straight or slightly curved at the distal extremity. It is composed of a seamless aluminium, silver or hard rubber tube. On the upper end of the tube is screwed a collar, on each side of which is fastened a ring for the first and second fingers. There is a steel rod or piston,
Sodium Chlorate Poisoning
Authors: A. C. Kennedy, R. G. Luke
Journal: BMJ (1967)

related colonic diverticular disease to the con- sumption of refined carbohydrate in any community irrespective of racial differences.Their view is rightly opposed by Dr. E. H. Goulston expressed in his letter (6 May, p. 378), at least as far as Ethiopians are con- cerned.Our experience in Kuwait conforms to the latter one.Kuwait is inhabited mostly by Arabs and shared by large minorities of other nationali- ties, particularly Persians, Indians, and Pakistanis.We import nearly all our food items from all over the world, including refined wheat grain flour, rice, fruits, and vegetables.There is no doubt that this diet consists mainly of refined carbohydrates.Nevertheless, not a single case of diverticulitis has ever been seen in our department.Over the last three years 284 barium enemata were performed for various colonic disorders with- out showing any evidence of diverticulitis.Only in one case two small diverticula were detected in the sigmoid colon.On the other hand, diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, in which diet is incriminated, and ulcerative colitis are found more or less in the same incidence as in Western countries.Therefore it is hard to accept that diverti- culitis is the result of refined carbohydrate consumption.-Iam, etc.,
Photodynamic Diagnosis in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Ingo Kausch, Martin Sommerauer, Francesco Montorsi, Arnulf Stenzl, Didier Jacqmin, Patrice Jichlinski, Dieter Jocham, Andreas Ziegler, Reinhard Vonthein
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Man with Stars Inside
Authors: Joseph C. Koval
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997The Man with Stars InsideJoseph C. Koval, MDJoseph C. Koval, MDMercy and Moses Taylor Hospitals; Scranton, PA 18510Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Dr. Coulehan's article, “The Man with Stars Inside” [1]. I, too, am troubled by calls for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide because of accusations that we do not adequately alleviate the pain and suffering experienced by our dying patients.As Dr. Coulehan pointed out, communication with our dying patients is a major issue. Communication can be thwarted by fear and distrust on the part of patients and by lack of time, interest, or sensitivity on the part of the physician. I wish to offer an additional perspective. We fail to adequately alleviate pain in ...References1. Coulehan J. The man with stars inside. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:799-802. Google Scholar2. Jonsen AR, Siegler M, Winslade WJ. Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine. New York: Macmillan; 1982:128-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mercy and Moses Taylor Hospitals; Scranton, PA 18510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1137KeywordsEuthanasiaFearSuicide Issue Published: 15 December 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Immunologic alterations in bleomycin-treated mice: role of pulmonary fibrosis in the modulation of immune responses.
Authors: J Zhu, A M Kaplan, S N Goud
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Among the side effects of bleomycin (BLM), a drug frequently used in the treatment of lymphomas and squamous-cell carcinomas, is pneumonitis with pulmonary fibrosis. The most prominent biochemical lesion associated with pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic debilitating and sometimes fatal disease, is an increase in the levels of collagen in the lung parenchyma. The mechanisms involved in the induction of this disease are still unclear, although results have suggested that the development of fibrosis may be immunologically mediated. There have, however, been no reports in the literature on the frequency and function of lymphocytes in the regional and systemic lymphoid tissues in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We therefore conducted a study, in which we inoculated C57Bl/6 mice intratracheally with BLM or saline, and tested the animals' lymphoid cells for various cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The results indicated an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the lung-associated hilar lymph nodes, whereas the number of splenic lymphocytes was reduced as compared with control mice. Moreover, there was a significant inhibition of the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in both the spleen and hilar lymph nodes of BLM-treated mice. Inhibition of the immune system appeared to be associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and not to result from BLM toxicity, since the immune response of mice was not inhibited when they were injected with an identical dose of BLM under conditions that did not cause pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, inhibition of splenic antibody responses was also observed in a hapten-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis, providing additional evidence that the induction of fibrosis and not the chemical toxicity of BLM was responsible for the modulation of immune responses.
“Oncogenic Shock”: Explaining Oncogene Addiction through Differential Signal Attenuation
Authors: Sreenath V. Sharma, Michael A. Fischbach, Daniel A. Haber, Jeffrey Settleman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract “Oncogene addiction” describes the curious acquired dependence of tumor cells on an activated oncogene for their survival and/or proliferation, a phenomenon that has important implications for the success of targeted cancer therapies. However, the mechanisms explaining oncogene addiction remain elusive. We propose that “addiction” may be an illusion generated as a consequence of differential attenuation rates of prosurvival and proapoptotic signals emanating from an oncoprotein acutely following its inactivation. According to this model, which we call “oncogenic shock,” prosurvival signals dissipate quickly on oncoprotein inactivation whereas proapoptotic signals linger sufficiently long to commit the cell to an apoptotic death. This mechanism may contribute to the rapid and dramatic clinical responses observed in some cancer patients treated with selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors and could yield additional drug targets that determine the balance of signaling outputs from activated oncoproteins.
Competence in a crisis
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2012)

This summer Bruce Keogh, medical director of the NHS, told the Daily Mail newspaper about a new mandatory shadowing scheme for medical students to help them practise more safely as doctors. “The intention is to end the so-called killing season,” admitted Sir Bruce. “This is good news for patients—we recognise the change-over period in August puts patients at risk” (http://bit.ly/SAsYp8). Informal shadowing has been encouraged for years in many countries. But it’s now compulsory for final year students in England to spend four days shadowing their predecessor in their impending foundation post, a policy supported by a successful pilot study in Bristol (http://bit.ly/ODjNyn).

Newly qualified doctors need all the …
A common amino acid polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-1 causes impaired insulin signaling. Evidence from transfection studies.
Authors: K Almind, G Inoue, O Pedersen, C R Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Insulin receptor substrates-1 (IRS-1) is the major cytoplasmic substrate of the insulin and IGF-1 receptors. Recent studies have identified multiple sequence variants of IRS-1, especially in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we have examined insulin-stimulated processes in 32D(IR) cells, a myeloid progenitor cell stably overexpressing the insulin receptor, transfected with wild-type human-IRS-1 or the most common human variant of IRS-1 in which glycine 972 is replaced by arginine. As compared to wild-type IRS-1, insulin stimulation of cells transfected with mutant IRS-1 exhibited a 32% decrease in incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA (P = 0.002), a 36% decrease in IRS-1 associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity (P = 0.004) and a 25% decrease in binding of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase to IRS-1 (P = 0.002). There was also a tendency for a decrease in Grb2 binding to IRS-1 and insulin-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, however, these were not statistically significant. The changes occurred with no change in insulin receptor or IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. These data indicate that the mutation in codon 972 in IRS-1 impairs insulin-stimulated signaling, especially along the PI 3-kinase pathway, and may contribute to insulin resistance in normal and diabetic populations.
Strain differences rather than hyperglycemia determine the severity of glomerulosclerosis in mice
Authors: Feng Zheng, Gary E. Striker, Ciro Esposito, Enrico Lupia, Liliane J. Striker
Journal: Kidney International (1998)

We reported that ROP, but not C57, mice were prone to glomerulosclerosis (GS) after nephron reduction (J Clin Invest 97:1242, 1996).In this study, we induced diabetes in ROP and C57 mice to determine if the glomerulosclerotic response was stimulus specific. We used the oligosyndactyly mutation (Os), to produce a congenital 50% reduction in nephron number. Stable hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin and mice were maintained for 12 weeks without insulin treatment.Glomerular hypertrophy occurred in diabetic ROP +/+ and C57 +/+ mice, but glomeruli of diabetic ROP +/+ mice had 1.92-fold higher laminin B1 and 1.5-fold higher tenascin mRNA levels than diabetic C57 +/+ mice. Diabetic ROP Os/+ mice had severe glomerulosclerosis with arteriolar and tubulointerstitial lesions while there was only moderate mesangial sclerosis in diabetic C57 Os/+ mice. Glomerular size was increased in all non-diabetic Os/+ mice. It was further increased in diabetic ROP Os/+ mice, but not in diabetic C57 Os/+ mice. Glomerular mRNA levels were higher in diabetic ROP OS/+ than in diabetic C57 OS/+ mice [alpha 1 (i.v.) collagen 3.2-fold, laminin B1 2.1-fold, and tenascin 1.6-fold].Overall, our data further support the hypothesis that the susceptibility to glomerulosclerosis is inherited, and suggest that hyperglycemia serves principally as a triggering event in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Since the acceleration of diabetic nephropathy by nephron reduction was also largely strain dependent, it appears that the propensity to glomerulosclerosis is a general renal response and is not stimulus specific.
Increases in mouse uterine heat shock protein levels are a sensitive and specific response to uterotrophic agents.
Authors: Andriana D Papaconstantinou, Benjamin R Fisher, Thomas H Umbreit, Ken M Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

There is increasing consensus that the uterotrophic estrogenicity assay should be coupled with other morphometric or molecular end points that might enhance its sensitivity. We have previously shown that bisphenol A (BPA), similarly to 17ss-estradiol (E2), increases levels of uterine heat shock proteins (hsps), mainly hsp90alpha and glucose-regulated protein (grp) 94. In this study we investigated whether increases in uterine hsp levels are a specific response of estrogens or estrogen mimics. We therefore examined the ability of a) E2, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and tamoxifen (TAM); b) the xenoestrogens coumestrol (CM), methoxychlor (MXC), BPA, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP); c) the progestin medroxyprogesterone (MED); d) the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX); and e) phytol (PHY), a precursor to a retinoid X and peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor agonist, to increase uterine weights and alter uterine morphology and hsp levels. We showed that DES, TAM, CM, MXC, and BPA significantly increased uterine weights and uterine hsp90alpha and grp94 levels. Even though the doses of CM, MXC, and BPA used were much higher than the E2 dose, those treatments resulted in lower increases in uterine weight. On the other hand, increases in grp94 levels were equal to those induced by E2 treatment. Treatments with MED, DEX, DBP, or PHY did not significantly alter uterine weight or morphology and had no significant effects on uterine hsp levels. The results of this study suggest that only the estrogens increase uterine hsp90alpha and grp94 levels, and that this hsp effect is a more sensitive uterotrophic response than uterine weight increase.
Alcoholism in a Medical-School Faculty
Authors: Anderson Spickard, F.Tremaine Billings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The problem of alcohol addiction in physicians is a major one. Bissell and Jones have estimated that between 13,600 and 22,600 physicians in the United States are alcoholic or will become so.1 Talbott and Benson conclude that one of eight physicians in Georgia has been, is, or will be afflicted with the disease of alcoholism.2 Combined addiction to alcohol and to various other drugs, particularly diazepam, is frequently encountered; thus, the percentage who are addicted to alcohol alone is not accurately known.We have been concerned about the special problem of alcoholism in the full-time faculty of our medical school. . . .
Letters to the Editor
Authors: THOMAS G. COLEMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Spontaneously Hypertensive RatsThis letter is a plea to curators of rat colonies to supply me with a basic description of the resting heart rates and the body weights of animals in their colonies.Recent studies of colonies of rats specially bred to become hypertensive have suggested that increased heart rate is an important factor in the genesis of the observed hypertension: rats with spontaneous hypertension have resting heart rates which are significantly greater than the resting heart rates seen in other colonies of normotensive rats.The observations are complicated, however, by the fact that normotensive control rats frequently have body weights that are greater than those of the spontaneously hypertensive rats, and the results must be interpreted according to the dictum that heart rate increases with decreasing body size.Little data are available describing resting heart rates in rats as a function of age and mature body size.This letter is a request, then, to all scientists currently using rat colonies to provide information describing (1) the genetic background of their colony,
HLA and cytokine gene polymorphisms are independently associated with responses to hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Chengbin Wang, Jianming Tang, Wei Song, Elena Lobashevsky, Craig M. Wilson, Richard A. Kaslow
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Variable immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and recombinant HBV vaccines have been associated with polymorphisms in several genes within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. Analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping data from 164 North American adolescents vaccinated with recombinant HBV products confirmed that HLA-DRB1*07 (relative odds [RO] = 5.18, P <.0001) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (RO = 3.91, P <.001) were both associated with nonresponse to full-dose vaccination. Further associations were observed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the IL2 and IL4 loci along with insertion/deletion variants at the IL12B locus (P =.003-.01). Host genetic associations were independent of one another as well as other HLA (A, B, C, and DQB1) and cytokine gene (IL4R, IL6, IL10, and TNF) variants. Statistical adjustments for nongenetic factors (gender, ethnicity, age, HIV-1 infection, and vaccination protocols) did not substantially alter the strengths of the genetic relationships. The overall distribution pattern of genetic variations was similar between the analyzed vaccinees and additional adolescents (n = 292) from the same cohort. In conclusion, DRB1*07 (or a closely linked allele) and immunoregulatory cytokine gene polymorphisms correlate with variable immune response to recombinant HBV vaccines.
Can Specialty Boards Respond to Change?
Authors: Albert Faulconer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Can the specialty boards respond to change? A brief review of the history of the development of the specialty board system in the United States reveals that its birth and evolution was, and is, a response to the need for change. Around the turn of the century the growth of new knowledge pertinent to the practice of medicine had reached a pace which justified many well-motivated physicians in devoting their best efforts to a limited field of practice. Unfortunately, the financial and social advantages of engaging in this kind of limited practice appeared substantial to other physicians less well motivated. There were virtually no standards for evaluating competence, either legal or ethical. A few organizations and special sections within the American Medical Association did exist where physicians having a common interest in a special field of practice might assemble for the exchange of information pertinent to that field. The first
Restenosis Revisited — New Targets, New Therapies
Authors: Peter Libby, Peter Ganz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Respite gratifying immediate results, progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries over several months all too commonly limits the benefit of balloon angioplasty and various types of atherectomy. Even coronary-artery stents, which achieve a splendid luminal expansion in the short term, often elicit substantial recurrent stenosis with time. Finding effective therapies to combat restenosis after coronary intervention has been difficult. Now Tardif et al., in an admirably designed study reported in this issue of the Journal, 1 show that treatment with a multifunctional agent, probucol, substantially reduces luminal narrowing after balloon coronary angioplasty. Their striking results raise challenging questions about the mechanisms . . .