tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT OR ALEXIN
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Alfred J. Weil, Henry P. Treffers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. The molecular quantities of hemolysin and complement combining component or components (C'1) involved in hemolysis have been calculated on the basis of new, quantitative, absolute methods of analysis. 2. Molecular combining ratios between antigen, antibody, and C'1 have been established. 3. The data are shown to be in accord with the theory of combination of multivalent antigen with multivalent antibody. 4. The fixation of complement by antigen-antibody combination is qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for on this basis.
The Muse and the Martini
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Georges Simenon started keeping notebooks when he was nearing 60 and feeling gloomy. The notebooks were published ten years later under the title<i>When I Was Old</i>. By this time he had stopped feeling gloomy and stopped keeping notebooks. It is too bad about the latter. The notebooks tell a lot about writing. They also tell a lot about drinking. Simenon had vast experience with both. Simenon is a great and honest writer. Some European critics believe he deserves the Nobel Prize. Most Americans think of him as a detective story writer, the creator of Inspector Maigret. This is unfair. Fewer than half of his several hundred novels are about Maigret, and the best "Maigrets" are fine novels, not who-doneits at all. John Raymond, a literary critic for the<i>London Times</i>, calls Simenon the greatest storyteller of our day. Gide, Hemingway, and other famous writers have praised him extravagantly. Because
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY AND BRONCHIAL GLAND TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: T. C. HEMPELMANN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is well known that among adults evidence of previous tuberculous infection is almost universal, and that in a large proportion of such individuals the original infection occurred during the period of childhood. In most instances, however, the changes produced in the body by such infections are so insignificant as to escape detection at the time of their occurrence. Such early infections are most often found in the lungs, although occasionally they may occur in the gastro-intestinal tract or elsewhere in the body. We are, however, at present concerned only with the respiratory form of the disease, and after the initial focus is established in the lung, should there be progression of the lesion, we next find involvement of the tracheobronchial group of glands which drain this area. Finally, by extension from the primary lung focus or from the lymphatic glands at the root of the lung, further involvement of
Telephone interpreting service is available
Authors: T. Pointon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—I am surprised that Michael Phelan and Sue Parkman's article on working with an interpreter1 does not mention telephone interpreting: a unique service was pioneered in Britain by Language Line in 1990. After a trial at the Royal London Hospital, Language Line's telephone interpreting service is now used daily in 15% of NHS trusts nationwide, including major teaching hospitals such as King's College Hospital as well as specialist centres such as Great Ormond Street Hospital. Health care providers using …
1080. rAAV Delivered Ribozyme Targeting Mouse Opsin to Rescue Vision in P23H Rats
Authors: Marina S. Gorbatyuk, Adrian M. Timmers, Pang Jijing, William W. Hauswirth, Alfred S. Lewin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Purpose: To design and test a hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) that would act in a gene specific manner to limit mutated (P23H) mouse rhodopsin (RHO) expression that leads to Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (ADRP). This ribozyme (Rz525) is species specific but is not specific for any mutant allele of rhodospsin.
Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni.
Authors: E J Pearce, P Caspar, J M Grzych, F A Lewis, A Sher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

In the mouse, infection with Schistosoma mansoni results in an egg-producing infection and associated disease, whereas vaccination with attenuated larval stages produces a substantial and specific immunity in the absence of egg-induced pathology. Preliminary data showing enhanced interleukin-5 (IL-5) production by T cells from infected mice and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis by cells from vaccinated animals (7), suggested differential CD4+ subset stimulation by the different parasite stimuli. To confirm this hypothesis, lymphocytes from vaccinated or infected animals were compared for their ability to produce IFN-gamma and IL-2 (secreted by Th1 cells) as compared with IL-4 and IL-5 (characteristic Th2 cytokines). After stimulation with specific antigen or mitogen, T cells from vaccinated mice or prepatently infected animals responded primarily with Th1 lymphokines, whereas lymphocytes from patently infected mice instead produced Th2 cytokines. The Th2 response in infected animals was shown to be induced by schistosome eggs and directed largely against egg antigens, whereas the Th1 reactivity in vaccinated mice was triggered primarily by larval antigens. Interestingly, Th1 responses in mice carrying egg-producing infections were found to be profoundly downregulated. Moreover, the injection of eggs into vaccinated mice resulted in a reduction of antigen and mitogen-stimulated Th1 function accompanied by a coincident expression of Th2 responses. Together, the data suggest that coincident with the induction of Th2 responses, murine schistosome infection results in an inhibition of potentially protective Th1 function. This previously unrecognized downregulation of Th1 cytokine production may be an important immunological consequence of helminth infection related to host adaptation.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Small or Large Isolation Areas Around the Pulmonary Veins for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation? Results From a Prospective Randomized Study”
Authors: Thomas Arentz, Reinhold Weber, Gerd Bürkle, Claudia Herrera, Thomas Blum, Jochem Stockinger, Jan Minners, Franz Josef Neumann, Dietrich Kalusche
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Knowledge and Experience Regarding Cancer, Infertility, and Sperm Banking in Younger Male Survivors
Authors: Leslie R. Schover, Kimberly Brey, Alan Lichtin, Larry I. Lipshultz, Sima Jeha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

The goal of this study was to survey male patients aged 14 to 40 years at diagnosis and recently treated in two cancer centers to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and experiences regarding cancer-related infertility and sperm banking.A postal survey about cancer-related infertility and sperm banking was offered to 904 men diagnosed with cancer within the previous 2 years. Eight percent opted out of the study. The others were sent the survey, with a cover letter stating elements of informed consent.Although the return rate was only 27%, yielding a sample of 201 men, responders did not differ significantly from nonresponders by institution, age, ethnicity, or cancer site. Overall, 51% of men wanted children in the future, including 77% of men who were childless at cancer diagnosis. Despite some anxieties about their own survival and risks to their children's health, men felt that the experience of cancer increased the value they placed on family closeness and would make them better parents. Only 60% of men recalled being informed about infertility as a side effect of cancer treatment, and just 51% had been offered sperm banking. Those who discussed infertility with their physicians had higher knowledge about cancer-related infertility and were significantly more likely to bank sperm. Only 24% of men banked sperm, including 37% of childless men. Lack of information was the most common reason for failing to bank sperm (25%).All men who are about to receive cancer treatment that could impair fertility should be counseled about such side effects and given adequate information to make an informed decision about banking sperm.
Population Differences in Breast Cancer: Survey in Indigenous African Women Reveals Over-Representation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Dezheng Huo, Francis Ikpatt, Andrey Khramtsov, Jean-Marie Dangou, Rita Nanda, James Dignam, Bifeng Zhang, Tatyana Grushko, Chunling Zhang, Olayiwola Oluwasola, David Malaka, Sani Malami, Abayomi Odetunde, Adewumi O. Adeoye, Festus Iyare, Adeyinka Falusi, Charles M. Perou, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Compared with white women, black women experience a disproportionate burden of aggressive breast cancer for reasons that remain unknown and understudied. In the first study of its kind, we determined the distribution of molecular subtypes of invasive breast tumors in indigenous black women in West Africa.The study comprised 507 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1996 and 2007 at six geographic regions in Nigeria and Senegal. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections were constructed into tissue microarrays and immunostained with 15 antibodies. Five molecular subtypes were determined, and hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to explore subgroups for unclassified cases.The mean (+/- standard deviation) age of 378 patients in the first cohort was 44.8 +/- 11.8 years, with the majority of women presenting with large (4.4 +/- 2.0 cm) high-grade tumors (83%) in advanced stages (72% node positive). The proportions of estrogen receptor (ER) -positive, progesterone receptor-positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive tumors were 24%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. Triple negativity for these markers was predominant, including basal-like (27%) and unclassified subtype (28%). Other subtypes were luminal A (27%), luminal B (2%), and HER2 positive/ER negative (15%). The findings were replicated in the second cohort of 129 patients. The unclassified cases could be grouped into a bad prognosis branch, with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, B-cell lymphoma extra-large protein, and Cyclin E, and a good prognosis branch, with expression of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 and Cyclin D1.These findings underscore the urgent need for research into the etiology and treatment of the aggressive molecular subtypes that disproportionately affect young women in the African diaspora.
A CASE OF LUPUS.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilography, at the Forty-third annual meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich.. June 7, 1892.
Authors: W. F. BREAKEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

One of the purposes of this paper is to illustrate the need of delaying the report of a case until sufficient time has elapsed to have a fair and complete report. The following memoranda of a case of lupus vulgaris, treated by Koch's lymph, May and June, 1891, with a postscript, April, 1892, are reported from notes made a year ago, as a contribution to the use of tuberculin, without comments or commendation, believing the facts to be of sufficient interest to warrant publication. Had it been reported a year ago a much more sanguine color might have been given. The inquiry suggests itself, how many of the published cures made a year ago would hold out now. It should be stated that a case in the University Hospital, diagnosed as lupus, though not typical, had been treated for a short time with the lymph, but with unsatisfactory results, and
Government inquiry finds inadequate beds provision
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The fall in the number of hospital beds in England over the past 40 years has left the NHS unable to cope with healthcare needs, and a “radically different approach” is needed to managing care, according to a consultation document from the Department of Health's national beds inquiry.

The number of beds per head of population for acute, general, and maternity care has fallen by over 2% a year since 1980, despite a rise in acute and general admissions per head of around 3.5% a year.

The average level of bed occupancy has increased to a current rate of …
Total Purchasing: A Model for Locality Commissioning
Authors: W. A Warin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Rod Smith, Frank Butler, Mike Powell Radcliffe, £18.50, pp 144 ISBN 1 85775 146 9

Rod Smith and his colleagues at the Berkshire Integrated Purchasing Pilot have seized the opportunities offered by total purchasing to give some real meaning to the overused and underdefined phrase “a primary care led NHS.” Total Purchasing describes their experience from the viewpoint of general practitioners, the health authority, trusts, social services, and academics concerned with the evaluation of total purchasing pilot schemes. A brief account of another pilot in Wiltshire and Bath is included.

Total purchasing offers fundholding practices the opportunity to extend their purchasing to cover virtually all services for their patients. Standard fundholding covers about 20% …
Adoptively transferred melanoma-reactive CTL primed in the presence of IL-21 and transferred with concurrent CTLA4 blockade results in enhanced CTL persistence and tumor regression
Authors: Cassian Yee, Aude Chapuis, Phil Greenberg, Ivy Lai, John A Thompson, Kim Margolin
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Anti-CTLA4 monotherapy yields long-term benefit in < 10% of patients with metastatic melanoma, with most patients failing to respond likely due to inadequate expansion of endogenous tumor-reactive T cells. We postulated that adoptive transfer of melanoma-reactive CD8+ cytotoxic T
Absolute determination of cardiac output in intra-aortic balloon pumped patients using the radial arterial pressure trace.
Authors: G A Herzlinger
Journal: Circulation (1976)

We describe a new method for the absolute determination of cardiac output in intra-aortic balloon pumped (IABP) patients. The method uses the known pumping volume of the IABP balloon and the radial arterial pressure trace, which is commonly used to monitor IABP patients, to determine the cardiac output. Two pressure excursions denoted by P1-P0 and P2-P0, characterizing IABP balloon deflation, and ventricular ejection, respectively, are extracted from the radial trace. The cardiac output (CO) is then determined by the simple relation: CO = (BV) x (P2-P0)/(P1-P0) x HR where HR is the heart rate, and the value for pumped balloon volume (BV) is corrected for the effect of the pressure in the patient's aorta. Comparison with dye dilution and thermal dilution procedures as carried out on a routine basis in a clinical setting produced a good correlation (r = .928). When fit to a straight line through zero output, the data yielded a constant of proportionality of 0.973 between the above formula and the clinical procedures. The procedure does not disturb the patient in any way, and enables continuous monitoring of cardiac output. This has been implemented using a real-time, miniaturized computer and allows much more information to be obtained than in usual single measurements.
Fabry's Disease
Authors: Charles W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The following is a case report of Fabry's disease. The report is submitted for the purpose of aiding in establishing the incidence of the malady. The disease is becoming recognized with increasing frequency.  Report of a case:—  This 24-year-old white man relates that he has had a rash about his leg and inguinal areas since early childhood. The patient has been aware of easy tiring and lack of sweating. In addition, he has described episodes of  pain involving the arm and leg, which are brought about by temperature changes and by exercise and generally are relieved by rest. The patient does not recall any episodes of unexplained fever as a child.  The patient's mother, brother, one male cousin, and two great-uncles (one of which died at age 45 of unknown cause) have bone pains and a skin rash allegedly similar to that of the patient. All
Direct Arterial Blood Pressure Measurements
Authors: Robert E. Goyette
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in response to the letter of Elemer K. Zsigmond, MD (1981;245:703), in which he compares direct intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) measurements unfavorably with those obtained by a computerized oscillometric device. Blind reliance on intra-arterial readings can result in serious iatrogenic complications. However, the same can be said about any diagnostic modality. Constant vigilance is always in order. In the operating room, the direct arterial line has distinct advantages: One receives beat-by-beat information rather than historical evidence of the situation a minute or so ago; there are no artifacts such as those produced when an assistant inadvertently leans against the cuff; and last, one can readily obtain samples for arterial blood gas determinations and other laboratory analyses. As to the hazards of arterial cannulation, they are few with careful management and are far outweighed by the advantages cited here.
ABC of learning and teaching in medicine: One to one teaching and feedback
Authors: J. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Although it is not clear whether Dr Sylvius (above) was describing his teaching method in relation to a group of students or to a succession of individual students, he understood the essential features of clinical education. He understood, for example, the need for active learning in an authentic clinical setting.

Wards, operating theatres, general practice, and community clinics provide a context for active learning 

“My method (is) to lead my students by hand to the practice of medicine, taking them every day to see patients in the public hospital, that they may hear the patients' symptoms and see their physical findings. Then I question the students as to what they have noted in the patients and about their thoughts and perceptions regarding the cause of the illness and the principles of treatment” 

Dr Franciscus de la Boe Sylvius, 17th century professor of medicine at the University of Leyden, Netherlands 

Dr Sylvius also understood another important feature of one to one teaching—close behavioural observation (of each other, teacher and learner). No other setting provides the same opportunity for this. Dr Sylvius led his students “by [the] hand.” He cared about his role as a teacher. In the closely observed one to one relationship your unguarded statements, your reactions under pressure, and your opinions about other people and the world at large are all magnified.

As a teacher, you are an important role model whether you wish it or not 

View this table:

What's different about one to one teaching?



Just as you cannot hide from the learner, so the learner's knowledge, skills, and attitudes will become apparent to you. Provided that you have created a trusting relationship, you can discuss his or her personal and professional attitudes and values in a way that is seldom possible in a …
Mental and sensorimotor extrapolation fare better than motion extrapolation in the offset condition
Authors: Dirk Kerzel, Jochen Müsseler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Evidence for motion extrapolation at motion offset is scarce. In contrast, there is abundant evidence that subjects mentally extrapolate the future trajectory of weak motion signals at motion offset. Further, pointing movements overshoot at motion offset. We believe that mental and sensorimotor extrapolation is sufficient to solve the problem of perceptual latencies. Both present the advantage of being much more flexible than motion extrapolation.
BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES IN REVASCULARIZED PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A PLATO SUBSTUDY
Authors: Daniel Lindholm, Stefan James, Maria Bertilsson, Christopher Cannon, Evangelos Giannitsis, Robert Harrington, Anders Himmelmann, Frederic Kontny, Agneta Siegbahn, Philippe Steg, Matthijs Velders, W. Douglas Weaver, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Significance of elevated IL8 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C in comparison with patients with liver diseases of different origin
Authors: U. Mihm, E. Herrmann, T. Dettenborn, M. von Wagner, B. Kronenberger, T. Berg, A. Scholz, B. Wiedenmann, U. Leuschner, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Poisoning by Acetanilid.
Authors: Charles W. Rook
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Quincy, Ill, Jan. 19, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In ourJournalof Jan. 18, 1896, page 144, reference is made to a report in the<i>Virginia Medical Monthly</i>, by Dr. Ben. H. Broadnax, on the use of acetanilid. Having recently had in my own practice two cases of acetanilid poisoning, one terminating fatally, I can not, therefore, indorse Dr. Brodnax's recommendation for the use of this drug, particularly in new-born infants. A few weeks ago I prescribed for a babe of four days, suffering with ah erythematous inflammation of the skin of the nates, thighs and groins, a powder composed of equal parts of subnitrate of bismuth and acetanilid. During that afternoon and night the powder was dusted upon the inflamed areas three or four times. On the following morning the babe was found deeply cyanosed, and died a few hours later. Before realizing that acetanilid was the cause of
Tolerability of sunitinib in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab as first-line therapy for HER2+ advanced breast cancer.
Authors: F Cardoso, J Canon, D Amadori, L Dirix, E Villa, D Aldrighetti, J Machiels, L Verkh, X Huang, C Giorgetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4120 Background: Trastuzumab (T) combined with docetaxel (D) is approved for the first-line treatment of HER2+ advanced BC (ABC). Sunitinib (SU) is an oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFRs, PDGFRs, KIT, RET, and FLT3 with single-agent activity in pts with previously treated ABC. The tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity of SU combined with D and T was investigated in this exploratory study as a first-line regimen for ABC.&amp;#x2028; Materials and methods: A target of 25 female pts (≥18 yrs, ECOG PS 0 or 1) with unresectable, locally recurrent or metastatic HER2+ BC are being enrolled. Starting doses for the 3 treatments are listed in the table below. The primary objective is safety. Secondary endpoints are PK and preliminary tumor activity according to RECIST. After discontinuation of D, responsive pts (PR or SD) can continue SU and T until PD.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Results: As of May 2008, 18 pts were enrolled; 11 pts continue on study therapy and 7 have discontinued (5 due to PD; 1 due to pt decision; 1 due to G3 fatigue). Of the 18 pts enrolled, 16 are evaluable for safety and 11 for activity. Pts completed 75/96/98 cycles of D/SU/T, respectively, with a median of 5 cycles/pt for each drug (range: 1-13/1-12/1-13). The planned dose of SU (37.5 mg/d) was reduced to 25 mg/d in 6/16 pts due to G4 neutropenia (1); G3 febrile neutropenia (1); G3 fatigue (1); G2 hyperbilirubinemia (1); G2 hypertension (1); and G2 diarrhea (1). D was reduced in 4 pts due to febrile neutropenia (2) and G4 neutropenia (2). T was given q3w in 12 pts and wkly in 4 pts. T dosing was delayed by ≥4 days in 6 pts, 4 due to D dose delay and 2 due to AEs when D was already discontinued (G2 neutropenia and G3 fatigue). Overall, the most frequent AEs were fatigue (68.8%) and neutropenia (43.8%), consistent with the most common toxicities of D. No GI perforation or bleeding were reported. The most frequently reported severe AEs were neutropenia (1 G3 and 6 G4) and febrile neutropenia (5 G3). G-CSF was administered to 8 pts. Of the 11 pts evaluable for antitumor activity, 1 showed a confirmed CR, 7 a confirmed PR, 2 had PD and 1 was not evaluable.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The combination of SU 37.5 mg/d (Schedule 2/1) with D 75 mg/m2 q3w and T wkly/3-wkly, given as first-line treatment to HER2+ pts with ABC, shows manageable toxicities. The use of G-CSF appears beneficial. Preliminary antitumor activity is encouraging. Enrollment is ongoing. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4120.