tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway inflammation and cold airway hyperresponsiveness in bronchial asthma patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Elizaveta Sheludko, Denis Naumov, Galina Semyonova, Sergey Zinov'ev, Juliy Perelman, Victor Kolosov, Sergey Tseluyko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background.  It is widely accepted that bronchial asthma (BA) and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) frequently coexist and mutually worsen and complicate each other in numerous ways.   Objective.  The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of BA and OSAHS combination on cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAH) and airway inflammation.   Methods.  46 BA patients with mean age of 46.7±1.75 underwent bronchial challenge with 3-minute isocapnic cold air hyperventilation (ICAH). OSAHS was assessed by overnight cardiorespiratory monitoring. Inflammatory cell counts were measured in induced sputum.   Results.  Out of 46 asthmatics 47.8% have Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥5. 56.5% of patients were non-obese. Baseline lung function was not significantly affected by OSAHS. However, FEV1 decline in response to ICAH was more profound in OSAHS patients (-9.75% (-17; -5.13) vs. -3.6% (-11; -1.63) pl0.05). Moreover, a negative correlation was found between AHI and ΔFEV1 to ICAH (r= -0.54, pl0.01). This effect was not linked to CPAP-therapy or obesity as it was observed in untreated subjects with body mass index l30. In addition, rise in AHI was associated with higher count of sputum eosinophils and macrophages (r=0.41 and r=0.39, correspondingly, pl0.01), but not neutrophils.   Conclusions.  BA patients with concomitant OSAHS are more prone to CAH what could be due to higher level of inflammation potentiated by OSAHS. Found association with eosinophils and macrophages indicates the particular importance of these cells, however, the role of macrophages needs to be further elucidated.
Inhaled glutathione tolerability and efficacy in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cecilia Calabrese, Valeria Raia, Vincenzo Carnovale, Pasquale Abete, Antonella Tosco, Antonio Magliocca, Alida Casale, Claudia Basile, Paola De Fazio, Carmelindo Mario Enrico Tranfa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In CF patients, Glutathione (GSH), the first-line defence of lungs against oxidative stress, is severely reduced. A randomized, single blind controlled trial of inhaled GSH vs placebo (NCT01450267) is underway to evaluate the effect of GSH in a cohort of CF patients.  94 CF patients (48 F, median age 20.8 years) in regular follow up at the Regional Pediatric and Adult CF Center of Naples, were enrolled, 50 patients (23 F) were randomly assigned to the GSH group and 44 (25 F) to the placebo group. The inclusion criteria were: CF diagnosis by sweat test and/or two CF causing mutations, age of patients >6yrs, FEV1% >40% of the predicted value, negative culture for Burkholderia Cepacia. Spirometry was performed before, 10 and 60 minutes after GSH inhalation test (10 mg/Kg, maximum dosage 600mg/dose) in order to assess tolerability. Follow-up visits including spirometry took place one, three, six, nine months and after the end of treatments.  No patients showed a decrease in FEV1% >15% after GSH inhalation. In the subgroup of CF patients (n=27) with an obstructive ventilatory defect (FEV1/FVC  Preliminary results suggest that inhaled GSH is well tolerated and determines an improvement in the respiratory function in CF patients.
Effects of lymphadenopathy on pulmonary function tests in sarcoidosis
Authors: Omer Araz, Elif Yilmazel Ucar, Yener Aydin, Mehmet Meral, Yusuf Bilen, Fatih Alper, Ali Metin Görgüner, Metin Akgun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and Objectives: The pulmonary function test (PFT) is an important quantification test in the follow-up of sarcoidosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of the presence of lymphadenopathy (LAP) alone or after controlling parenchymal involvement in PFT.

Materials and Methods: A total of 63 sarcoidosis patients were enrolled retrospectively in the study. Respiratory functions were evaluated via PFT. Radiological evaluations of the patients were done with chest x-ray and high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Bronchoscopic investigations were performed on all patients. Possible factors that affect PFT were evaluated.

Results: There is statistically significant correlation between the bronchoscopic findings and PFT parameters (p<0.01). Forced vital capacity (FVC) was affected more in the presence of LAP in bronchi neighbors, it was more or less the same for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Considering grade of HRCT findings, there is a statistically significant relation between FVC, FEV1, and the presence of hilar LAP, intrahilar LAP and lober LAP (p=0.001). There is a statistically significant correlation with the presence of micronodules in HRCT and all parameters of PFT. These is a statistically significant negative correlation between the radiological stage of sarcoidosis and FVC, FEV1.

Conclusion: We revealed that besides parenchymal involvement of the disease, special localization of lymph node involvement also has an important effect on the PFT parameters of sarcoidosis patients.
Changes in skin prick test reactivity over 7-14 years in a population of food allergy children and asthmatic symptoms
Authors: Camilla Celani, Anna Maria Zicari, Valentina De Vittori, Annalisa di Coste, Tauland Melengu, Luciana Indinnimeo, Anna Rugiano, Marzia Duse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Allergic disorders are an increasing health problem among children.  Aim: to describe the prevalence of sensitization to common food and inhalant allergens at different ages and the association with asthmatic symptoms.  Methods: 174 children with positive Skin Prick Test (SPT) to at least one food allergen at   Results: 174 children complete the questionnaire: 25.8% had wheezing, 34.4% had dry cough and 35.6% reported diagnosis of asthma. At the first observation 65 (37.3%) had positive SPT only to food allergens(F) and 109 (62.6%) had sensitization to food and inhalant allergens (F+I). At the second observation in the group with single sensitization to F 50% lost sensitization, 10% retained sensitization to food and developed sensitization to inhalants (F+I) and 40 % showed sensitization only to inhalants. In the group with double sensitization (F+I) at the first observation: 50% remained positive to both allergens (F+I), more than 40% were positive only to inhalants and a small percentage (  Conclusion: We found an association between changes in SPT positivity and the development of asthmatic symptoms. The double sensitization (F + I) as well as the early sensitization to alants would seem to correlate with the persistence of the allergy and with the development of respiratory disease.
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Authors: S Graham, B Haughey, J Marshall, R Priore, T Byers, T Rzepka, C Mettlin, J E Pontes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

In vivo, in vitro, prospective, and retrospective epidemiologic inquiries have suggested that retinoids inhibit cancer, and fats have been hypothesized to enhance and ascorbic acid to reduce cancer risk. Comparison of 260 patients from Buffalo with cancer of the prostate gland was made with two different control series of similar size and age distribution. Regardless of the control group, risk of prostate cancer gained with increases in ingestion of retinoids, animal fats, and vitamin C. These anomalous findings may be due to peculiarities in methodology. From the possible specificity of effect of the nutrients studied, as shown in experimental animals and in vitro, a hypothesis could be made that a substance like vitamin A or C, which may inhibit certain cancers, also may enhance risk of other cancer types or have neither effect.
Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Lung Disease and Severe Aortic Stenosis Treated With Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement or Standard Therapy
Authors: Danny Dvir, Ron Waksman, Israel M. Barbash, Susheel K. Kodali, Lars G. Svensson, E. Murat Tuzcu, Ke Xu, Sa'ar Minha, Maria C. Alu, Wilson Y. Szeto, Vinod H. Thourani, Raj Makkar, Samir Kapadia, Lowell F. Satler, John G. Webb, Martin B. Leon, Augusto D. Pichard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Associations between quantitative CT measures and airway inflammation in COPD
Authors: Bethan Barker, Ruth Hartley, Karen Edwards, Maria Shelley, Sarah Parker, Mitesh Pancholi, Nisha Rana, Mini Pakkal, Sumit Gupta, Mona Bafadhel, Christopher Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the associations between airway inflammation, bacterial load and CT determined proximal airway remodelling, small airway obliteration and emphysema are poorly understood.   Methods : Within the COPD-MAP study, at stable visits COPD patients underwent pulmonary function tests, inspiratory/expiratory CT scans and sputum sampling. Sputum was analysed for bacterial load (colony forming units/ml [CFU]) and differential cell count (total cell count [TCC], neutrophil % and eosinophil %). The degree of proximal airway remodelling, small airway disease and emphysema were determined by percentage wall area (%WA) of the apical segment of the right upper lobe, mean lung density expiratory/inspiratory ratio (MLD E/I) and 15th percentile point (Perc15) of the lung density in Hounsfield units respectively.   Results : 56 patients were recruited; 42(75%) were male with mean(SEM) age 69(1) years, FEV 1 % predicted 53(2)% and FEV 1 /FVC ratio 51(2)%. There were significant correlations between sputum neutrophil % and whole lung MLD E/I (r s =0.32, p=0.02) and lower lobe MLD E/I (r s =0.45, p=0.001), but not with upper lobe MLD E/I (r s =0.14, p=0.32). There were no significant correlations between sputum neutrophil% and %WA or perc15, and no significant correlations between sputum TCC, eosinophil% or CFU with CT parameters.   Conclusion : A positive correlation between small airways disease and neutrophilic inflammation was identified. Whether neutrophilic inflammation is causally associated with small airway disease in COPD warrants further investigation.
Childhood subepidermal blistering disease with autoantibodies to type VII collagen and laminin-332
Authors: H.-Y. Lin, T. Yanagi, M. Akiyama, M.M. Iitani, R. Moriuchi, K. Natsuga, S. Shinkuma, N. Yamane, D. Inokuma, K. Arita, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Childhood subepidermal blistering disease with autoantibodies to type VII collagen and laminin‐332 Get access H.‐Y. Lin, H.‐Y. Lin Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Yanagi, T. Yanagi Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Teruki Yanagi. E‐mail: yanagi@med.hokudai.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Akiyama, M. Akiyama Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Iitani, M.M. Iitani Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Moriuchi, R. Moriuchi Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Natsuga, K. Natsuga Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Shinkuma, S. Shinkuma Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Yamane, N. Yamane Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Inokuma, D. Inokuma Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Arita, K. Arita Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more H. Shimizu H. Shimizu Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 2, 1 February 2011, Pages 452–454, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10065.x Published: 01 February 2011
Randomized study of 3 years versus 5 years of chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: M E Nesbit, H N Sather, L L Robison, J A Ortega, G D Hammond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Between 1972 and 1975 the Children's Cancer Study Group conducted two clinical trials for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Upon achieving 3 yr of continuous complete remission, 316 children and young adults were randomly allocated either to discontinue chemotherapy or to continue chemotherapy for an additional 24 mo. With a median follow-up from the time of randomization of 50 mo, those patients who received 3 yr of therapy have demonstrated a statistically non-significant yet higher incidence of bone marrow relapse as compared to those patients treated for 5 yr (p = 0.09). However, the proportion of patients surviving 5 yr from randomization is 93% for the 3-yr treatment group and 89% for the 5-yr treatment group (p = 0.27). No significant difference was observed between the randomized groups for the occurrence of testicular relapse (p = 0.12), central nervous system relapse (p = 0.17), or first occurrence of relapse or death (p = 0.24). The relapse-free survival of patients treated for 5 yr as compared to those treated for 3 yr was not significantly higher in males (81% versus 75%, p = 0.14) or females (89% versus 89%, p = 0.95). This randomized study did not demonstrate a significant difference between treatment for either 3 or 5 yr.
New category of probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in haematological patients
Authors: C. Girmenia, P. Guerrisi, A.M. Frustaci, A. Fama, E. Finolezzi, S. Perrone, G. Gentile, F. Collerone, S. Brocchieri, V. Guerrisi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Lactate, pH and angiogenetic markers in exhaled breath condensate correlate with outcome and disease severity in patients with acute lung injury
Authors: Christian Gessner, Benedikt Malmann, Hartmut Kuhn, Peter Ruschpler, Lothar Engelamnn, Stefan Hammerschmidt, Ulrich Sack, Hubert Wirtz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by increased capillary permeability, interstitial and alveolar oedema, influx of circulating inflammatory cells, and formation of hyaline membranes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been correlated to a favourite prognosis in ARDS in a number of investigations. VEGF plays a role in regulating vascular permeability to water and protein.  The aim of this investigation was to characterize the role of VEGF, Angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), IL-8, and TNF-alpha, lactate and pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in mechanical ventilated patients with acute lung injury. For this purpose, exhaled breath condensate was collected from 30 patients with ALI at 24 to 72 hours from start of mechanical ventilation and correlated with ventilatory parameters, clinical scores, and outcome. Cytokines were measured by a cytometric bead array assay (CBA).  We observed a significant lower value of VEGF in EBC in the group with lethal outcome compared to survival group (median:32.4 pg/ml vs. 108 pg/ml in survivors.; Mann-Whitney test: p  We conclude that measurement of lactate, pH, bFGF, and VEGF in EBC may provide information on prognosis in ALI.
Relationships between nutritional knowledge, obesity and sleep disorder severity
Authors: Jeffrey Pretto, Shiho Rose, Brooke Emmett, Michael Hensley, Frans Henskens, Chris Paul
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

There is a causal relationship between obesity and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and weight loss is a recommended intervention. Nutrition knowledge (NK) allows healthy dietary choices and may assist in weight loss strategies; however this has not been assessed in the sleep disorders population.  Aims:  To document nutrition knowledge of patients assessed for suspected sleep disorders, and to assess relationships between NK, obesity and SDB.  Methods:  Adult patients attending a sleep laboratory for polysomnography (PSG) completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire (Hendrie et al, Pub Health Nutr, 2008;11:1365). Relationships between NK and anthropometric and PSG data were evaluated.  Results:  97 patients completed the study with mean (SD) age of 48 (16). 65% were obese, and mean BMI was 34.8 (10.2). The mean AHI (AASMalt) was 17.8 (23.2). Score for overall NK was not different between sexes (t-test p=0.34) and was not correlated with BMI, waist or neck circumference, nor with AHI. There was a single moderate correlation between one domain of NK (everyday food choice) and BMI (r=0.204, p=0.027).  Discussion:  Nutrition knowledge in this patient cohort is no worse than that of the general Australian community suggesting that lack of NK does not explain the high level of obesity in this group. The overall lack of relationship between NK and severity of SDB or obesity suggests that knowledge deficit is not a contributory cause of obesity or SDB in this cohort. Nutritional knowledge in this group does not seem to determine dietary behaviour. These data suggest that providing education to improve knowledge of diet and nutrition may not be effective as a weight loss strategy for the management of SDB.
Gefitinib-induced epidermal growth factor receptor-independent keratinocyte apoptosis is mediated by the JNK activation pathway
Authors: P-H. Lu, T-C. Kuo, K-C. Chang, C-H. Chang, C-Y. Chu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a significant antitumour effect on various cancers. Skin toxicity induced by gefitinib is common, and has been shown to be related to the inhibition of EGFR signalling pathways. However, other mechanisms may be involved in gefitinib-induced skin toxicity.To study the possible EGFR-independent mechanisms of gefitinib-induced skin toxicity.The human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and PC9) were treated with different concentrations of gefitinib for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] after EGFR gene silencing. The signalling pathways were investigated by immunoblot analysis. Keratinocyte apoptosis was evaluated by nuclear condensation and flow cytometric analysis.Gefitinib maintained its cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells after EGFR gene silencing, indicating that an EGFR-independent mechanism exists. Increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and JNK by gefitinib was observed in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, attenuated the gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Immunohistochemical examination of patient specimens showed an increased expression of phosphorylated JNK in lesional epidermis compared with nonlesional epidermis.Gefitinib can induce keratinocyte apoptosis through an EGFR-independent JNK activation pathway.
Abstract 17501: Insulin-Mediated GLUT4 Translocation Requires Intracellular and Extracellular Calcium and is Impaired by Short-Term High Fat Feeding
Authors: Ariel Contreras-Ferrat, Adam R Wende, Amira Klip, Sergio Lavandero, E. Dale Abel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The analysis of mechanisms that govern GLUT4 translocation in cardiomyocytes has been limited by lack of suitable reagents with which to quantify GLUT4 vesicle translocation and insertion into sarc...
Docetaxel and cisplatin in locally advanced or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A phase II study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group (SICOG)
Authors: F. Caponigro, E. Massa, L. Manzione, G. Rosati, M. Biglietto, L. De Lucia, C. Sguotti, P. Sganga, A. Avallone, P. Comella, G. Mantovani, G. Comella
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Analysis of lung function test at patients with pleural empyema treated with thoracotomy and decortications
Authors: Goran Kondov, Risto Colanceski, Zoran Spirovski, Sasko Jovev, Borislav Kondov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Fibrinopurulent phase of the pleural empyema was very often treated with thoracotomy and decortications.   Material and methods:  We analyze lung function at 18 patients surgically treated in last 3 years which was followed at least 6 months.   Results:  -Expected mean VC was 4650 ml, and expected mean FEV1 was 3450 ml.  Realized mean VC was2850 ml, and realized mean FEV1 was1750 ml.  Mean VC after 3 months after surgery as 3430 ml, and mean FEV1 was 1700 ml.  Mean VC after 6 months after surgery as 3830 ml, and mean FEV1 was 2430 ml.   Discusion:  Early detection and treatment of empyema is essential in treatment of empyema, where use of thoracic drainage with or withought streptokinase or use of VATS decortications were methods of chose in treatment.  Later, thoracotomy with decortication is the only solution of treatment of fibrinopuurulent phase of empyema, where trapped lung was very often detected.   Conclusion:  Thoracotomy with decortication is useful method of treatment of fibrinopurulent phase of empyema, which solving the problem, but also improve significantly lung function, especially on control after 6 months.
Suspected cancer (part 1--children and young adults): visual overview of updated NICE guidance
Authors: W. Hamilton, S. Hajioff, J. Graham, M. Schmidt-Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line It is generally believed that early diagnosis of cancer reduces mortality and morbidity. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has updated its 2005 guidance on the recognition and referral from primary care of people with suspected cancer.1 The full guidance will be available on bmj.com. This summary of the full guidance is in two parts: part 1 on recommendations for children (up to 15 years old) and young adults (16-24 years), and part 2 on those for adults. Separate recommendations have been made for adults and for children and young people to reflect that there are different referral pathways. However, in practice, young people (aged 16-24) may be referred using either an adult or children’s pathway depending on their age and local arrangements. Key changes in the updated guidance are: This guidance: