tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 8: Elevated Intrathoracic Pressure Is Common During Prehospital Ventilation of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Daniel Davis, Kimberly Smith, Morgan C Ludington, Anush Minokadeh, James Dunford
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Inadvertent hyperventilation is associated with poor outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hypocapneic cerebral vasoconstriction is well described and causes an immediate and profound decrease in cerebral perfusion. The hemodynamic effects of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) remain incompletely understood but may be equally important, particularly in the hypovolemic patient with TBI. Objective: To apply a previously described mathematical model of perfusion and ventilation to prehospital ventilation data to predict intrathoracic pressure. Methods: Ventilation data from 108 TBI patients (76 ground transported, 32 helicopter transported) were used for this analysis. Ventilation rate (VR) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) values were used to estimate tidal volume (VT). The values for VR and estimated VT were then applied to a previously described mathematical model of perfusion and ventilation. This model allows various lung parameters to be defined to create a pressure-volume relationship, then derives mean intrathoracic pressure (MITP) for various VT and VR values. For this analysis, normal lung parameters were assumed. Separate analyses were performed assuming fixed and variable PaCO2-PetCO2 differences. Data regarding VR, PetCO2, estimated VT, and estimated MITP were presented descriptively. Results: A total of 10,647 measurements were included from the 108 TBI patients, representing about 13 minutes of ventilation per patient. Mean VR values were higher for ground patients (21.6 breaths/min) than for air patients (19.7 breaths/min). Estimated VT values were similar for ground and air patients (399 mL vs. 392 mL, respectively). Mean PetCO2 values were lower for ground patients (30.6 mmHg) than for air patients (33.8 mmHg). MITP values were higher for ground versus air patients, assuming either fixed (9.0 vs. 8.1 mmHg) and variable (10.9 vs 9.7 mmHg) PaCO2-PetCO2 differences. Conclusions: Hyperventilation is common in prehospital TBI patients as reflected by both hypocapnia as well as rapid VR values. MITP values are elevated and would likely result in detrimental hemodynamic effects, particularly in hypovolemic patients.
Abstract 551: The Cardioprotection Afforded by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Mediated by Heme Oxygenase-1
Authors: Qianhong Li, Yiru Guo, Wei Tan, Qinghui Ou, Wen-Jian Wu, Chuanjue Cui, Xiaoping Zhu, Gregg D Rokosh, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Clonazepam and phenobarbital in tardive dyskinesia
Authors: A Bobruff, G Gardos, D Tarsy, R M Rapkin, J O Cole, P Moore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Benzodiazepines have several advantages over other antidyskinetic drugs in treating tardive dyskinesia. The authors conducted a controlled study of clonazepam versus the active placebo of phenobarbital in 21 psychiatric patients with tardive dyskinesia. Both drugs significantly reduced dyskinetic movements: clonazepam had a stronger effect on orofacial dyskinesia, and phenobarbital was more effective for limbs and axial movements. Clonazepam was also more effective for drug-free patients and those receiving low doses of neuroleptics than for all patients given phenobarbital and for clonazepam patients taking high doses of neuroleptics. The authors suggest that future treatment studies focus on the effects of antidyskinetic drugs on distinct body regions.
Abstract 2255: Mechanical Alterations in Single Ventricle Patients Show Much Greater Decreases in Twisting Than the Concordant Decrease in Circumferential Strain: Studies by Analysis of Strain From Gradient Cine Echo Sequences
Authors: Craig S Broberg, Helene Houle, Michael Schaal, Muhammad Ashraf, Philip Kilner, Florence H Sheehan, Uyen T Truong, David J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: We have previously shown in echo studies that single ventricle (SV) patients have both significantly decreased twisting and dyssynchrony of twisting which characterize what we believe i...
Abstract 1612: Humanin is a Novel Protector against Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jinping Gao, Chu C Chua, Hong Wang, Ronald C Hamdy, Balvin H Chua
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Humanin is a 24 amino-acid peptide that is best known for its neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease. Our hypothesis is that humanin has a cardioprotective effect that is mediated by the ac...
Abstract 13286: Paused Promoter-Proximal RNA Polymerase II Plays A Major Regulatory Role During Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Danish Sayed, Minzhen He, Zhi Yang, Maha Abdellatif
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The regulation of gene expression is fundamental to organogenesis and pathogenesis. While posttranscriptional regulation has recently attracted much attention we have very limited knowledge regarding the extent and mode of transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that by performing RNA polymerase II (pol II) chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by extensive sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in adult mice hearts, before and after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), that we would identify genes that are transcriptionally regulated and the mode of pol II regulation involved in global vs. specific gene enhancement. Left ventricles isolated from 1 day-old and 12 week-old mice before or after TAC, were subjected to RNA pol II ChIP-Seq using Illumina Genome Analyzer 2. For analysis, 36-nt of the sequencing reads (tags, >10 million) with no more than 2 mismatches are aligned to the genome using ELAND algorithm. To determine fragment density tags were extended (110-200 bp) i...
Soundings: Too many to count
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the days when the pub across the road was a legitimate extension of the hospital wards and on-call rooms, a bottle of beer strangely found its way to the sister's office. A nurse carrying a patient's dinner tray reawakened the hitherto dormant spirit of scientific inquiry. The fish was swabbed and the swab was sent for culture to the laboratory, accompanied by a test tube of beer labelled “urine.” The beer came back “yeast cells, too many too count.” The fish grew E coli.

I was reminded of this seminal contribution to science by a report that “too many drinks to count” has become a problem on college campuses, where many students “major in bingeing.” “Everybody does it, students claim,” the article goes on, presenting statistics and Venn diagrams showing that 73% of university undergraduates had used alcohol in the past 30 days and 22.8% had gone on binge drinking sprees three times or more in the past two weeks. The article also describes how a girl with 11 beers on board and her toe bleeding from a broken bottle was standing at midnight on the main strip of the university town glued to her cell phone trying to find another wild party.

Also “too many to count” are the agents contaminating our food. In Washington state 29 people became ill from eating E coli contaminated lettuce. A large meat company recently recalled 19 million pounds of beef potentially contaminated with the 0157 strain, cause of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. A recent study found antibiotic resistant faecal pathogens in cultures from raw chicken livers, thighs, and wings sold in grocery shops. And the public has been advised to cook hamburgers until their internal temperature rises to 71oC.

Fish at various times have also presented dangers, containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), tritium, or high mercury levels leading to recent advice that pregnant women should limit their intake of tuna. More exotic is the tetrodoxin neurotoxin found in the puffer or blow fish or fugu, a delicacy in Japan; ciguatera fish poisoning from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus; the tropical deadly stone fish with its 13 poisonous grooved spines; the box jelly fish; some toad fishes; the scorpion fish; the lion fish; the stargazer; and the catfish. There are warnings that some fish are so dangerous that they should not even be touched; also that one should go fishing only in crocodile free areas.
Abstract 33: Survival from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Is Lowest at Night: Findings from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES)
Authors: Akshay Bagai, Bryan McNally, Brent Myers, Sunghee Kim, Sean van Diepan, J Lee Garvey, Emil L Fosbol, Lisa Monk, Benjamin S Abella, Christopher B Granger, James G Jollis
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Understanding temporal variability in the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has important implications for pre-hospital resource planning and structuring systems for OHCA care. Methods: Using the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database, we studied patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology who were treated by emergency medical services (EMS) from 10/2005 to 12/2010. Measures of pre-hospital care, survival to hospital discharge, and neurologic outcomes were compared between OHCA occurring during daytime (0701-1500h), evening (1501-2300h), and overnight (2301-0700h). Results: The frequency of OHCA varied significantly across time blocks with 7503 (40.4%) occurring during daytime, 6883 (37.0%) during evening, and 4202 (22.6%) occurring overnight (p&lt;0.0001). Compared with OHCA patients during daytime or evening, those with OHCA overnight were more likely to be younger, arrest at home, have an unwitnessed arrest, have a non-shockable initial rhythm, and were less likely to receive bystander CPR or AED use (Table). Time from 911 call to EMS arrival was longest at night. Survival to hospital discharge was lowest among overnight OHCA patients. There was no difference in frequency of favorable neurologic outcomes among survivors in the different time blocks. After controlling for differences in patient and arrest characteristics, with daytime as the reference, overnight OHCA was associated with lower survival (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.87, p=0.0002), with similar survival for patients with OHCA during evening (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88-1.12, p=0.91). Conclusion: There is temporal variability in OHCA occurrence with the nadir in frequency occurring at night. OHCA at night is independently associated with lowest survival to hospital discharge. Underlying patient, EMS system, and hospital factors contributing to these observed findings requires further exploration.
Abstract 11611: Prognostic Value of Coronary Vessel Dominance in Relation to Significant Coronary Artery Disease Determined Using Non-Invasive Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: Caroline E Veltman, Fleur R de Graaf, Jacob M Werkhoven, J. Wouter Jukema, Phillipp A Kaufmann, Lucia J Kroft, Eric Boersma, Jeroen J Bax, Ernst E van der Wall
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Limited information is available regarding the relationship between prognosis and coronary vessel dominance determined on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTA). Therefore, the ...
Abstract 9244: Depressive Symptoms and Related Health Behaviors May Contribute to Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Glorian Persaud, Renee Kee, Sohana Akhand, Beatrix Roemheld-Hamm, Lynn Clemow
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Depression has considerable support as a risk factor for hypertension and for blood pressure remaining uncontrolled even when treated; however, the pathways for depression's effect on hypertension are not well understood. One proposed mechanism is health behavior, including poor medication adherence, diet, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking, each of which have been related to depressive symptoms. An unanswered question is the extent of the relationship of depressive symptoms to health behavior in patients whose high blood pressure is uncontrolled. Objective: To explore potential links between depressive symptoms and health behaviors that contribute to uncontrolled high blood pressure. Methods: A total of 101 subjects classified as uncontrolled hypertensives by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (waking mean &gt; 135/85, on at least one antihypertensive drug), measured at baseline in a behavioral RCT for hypertension, completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients (REAP), health behavior questions from the BRFSS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MAS). The relationship between the BDI score and health behavior scales and BMI were evaluated. Results: Depressive symptoms (BDI) correlated significantly with poorer medication adherence (r = 0.331, p = 0.001). Several dietary items often related to higher sodium intake also correlated with BDI scores: 1) consuming &gt; 4 sit down or take-out meals from restaurants (r = 0.218, p = 0.029); 2) trouble being able to cook or shop (r = 0.229, p = 0.003); and 3) skipping breakfast (r = 0.20, p = 0.045). BDI scores were also highly correlated with PSQI items on duration of sleep (r = 0.508, p &lt; 0.001) and dysfunctional sleep causing trouble staying awake, eating meals, engaging in social activities, or maintaining enthusiasm to get things done (r = 0.213, p = 0.037), not surprising as disrupted sleep can be a depressive symptom. BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking were not related to BDI scores. Conclusion: Even mild-moderate levels of depressive symptoms (BDI mean = 6.53) affect medication adherence, diet, and sleep that can contribute to uncontrolled hypertension.
Abstract 14167: Fibronectin Enhances Survival and Proliferation via Pim-1 and β1 Integrin in Cardiac Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mathias H Konstandin, Mirko Volkers, Grady Gastelum, Daniele Avitabile, Natalie Gude, Mark A Sussman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPC) are pivotally involved in cardiac repair. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components also contribute decisively in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarcti...
Abstract 4102: Preoperative Angiotensin Blocking Drug Therapy Does Not Reduce Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Florian Rader, Eugene H Blackstone
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. Angiotensin blocking drug therapy (ABDT) with Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has been shown to have anti-arrhythmic effects in animal models. However, data from small observational studies of ABDT use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery had discordant results and did not sufficiently adjust for selection bias. Therefore, we performed the largest study to date examining the association between preoperative use of ABDT and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: A consecutive series of 10,552 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with or without valvular surgery at Cleveland Clinic between 1997 through 2002. Of these 4,795 (45%) patients were on ABDT within 30 days prior to surgery and 3,633 (34%) patients developed POAF prior to discharge. Without adjusting for patient co-morbidities, ABDT had an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.13 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05–1.25, p&lt;0.01). A propensity score matched sample was developed, adjusting for 68 potential confounders. In the 6874 matched patients, who had a well balanced co-morbidity profile, ABDT was not associated with POAF (OR 1.03, CI 0.93–1.12, p=0.67). A subsequent propensity score matched analysis of 3227 patients, who underwent isolated valvular surgery in the same timeframe, also demonstrated ineffectiveness of preoperative ABDT (OR 0.91, CI 0.74 –1.09, p=0.33), irrespective of valve location. Stratified analysis by linear propensity score quintiles and propensity-adjusted logistic multivariable regression analysis of all patients in the CABG and the valvular surgery cohort confirmed these findings. Conclusions: In this large observational study preoperative use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs did not reduce postoperative occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although withdrawal from ABDT prior to surgery is common practice and could account for this result, we cannot recommend such therapy for primary prophylaxis without larger randomized controlled trials.
Abstract 15200: Improvement in Discrimination and Risk Reclassification in Asymptomatic Individuals with Diabetes by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Troy M LaBounty, Jamal Rana, Stephen Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew J Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Q Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Victor Cheng, Kavitha M Chinnaiyan, Benjamin J Chow, Augustin Delago, Allison M Dunning, Millie Gomez, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Ronald P Karlsberg, Philipp A Kaufmann, Jonathon Leipsic, Fay Y Lin, Erica Maffei, Gilbert Raff, Leslee J Shaw, Todd C Villines, Daniel S Berman, James K Min
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 17464: Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Waves and Triggered Activities by Mitochondrial Ca2+ Flux in Mouse Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhenghang Zhao, Nadezhda Fefelova, Lai-Hua Xie
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis of cardiac myocytes. However, it is still unclear if mitochondrial Ca2+ flux can regulate the genera...
Abstract 9781: A FRET-based Sensor Detects Caveolae as Spatially Distinct Ca2+ Stores in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Masashi Isshiki, Risuke Mizuno, Mitsuhiro Nishimoto, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: Endothelial function is tightly regulated by spatiotemporally organized intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. A variety of Ca 2+ -regulating and Ca 2+ -dependent molecules, such as IP 3 receptor-like protein, Ca 2+ -ATPase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, are enriched in caveolae, which are mobile and typically shaped as plasmalemmal invaginations or vesicles. As previously reported by us and others, the structure and subcellular distribution of caveolae are critical for Ca 2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ stores and for Ca 2+ influx from the extracellular space into the cell. However, the Ca 2+ dynamics inside caveolae have not previously been detected and remain unclear. The aim of this study was to detect and analyze the Ca 2+ changes in subplasmalemmal caveolar vesicles. Methods: To target the FRET-based Ca 2+ -sensing protein D1, a mutant of cameleon, to the intracaveolar space, we created a cDNA construct (LOXD1) encoding a chimeric protein with lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) and D1 at its N-terminus and C-terminus, respectively. Localization analysis of LOXD1 and FRET imaging were performed by confocal microscopy. We also analyzed the LOXD1 localization by electron microscopy and the intracaveolar Ca 2+ contents by a pyroantimonate precipitation method. Results: First, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that LOXD1 was mainly expressed outside the plasma membrane, with a significant portion inside the subplasmalemmal caveolae. Second, FRET imaging with LOXD1 detected ATP-induced transient Ca 2+ decreases in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca 2+ . Third, X-ray spectra obtained by spot analyses of electron-opaque pyroantimonate precipitates detected ATP-induced calcium decreases in intracaveolar vesicles. Conclusions: Subplasmalemmal caveolae function as mobile, Ca 2+ -releasable Ca 2+ stores in response to IP 3 . This intracellular local Ca 2+ delivery system may contribute to the highly complex spatiotemporal organization of Ca 2+ signaling, and to the versatility of endothelial functions with less Ca 2+ depletion in ER Ca 2+ stores.
Abstract 15441: A Novel and Efficient Combinatorial Method of Using DNAs and mRNAs to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Functional Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Johnson Rajasingh, Sheeja Rajasingh, Jayakumar Thangavel, Bahar Barani, Buddhadeb Dawn
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Efficient generation of viral integration-free induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells and differentiation into cardiomyocytes remain major hurdles in regenerative cardiology. Hypothesis: Transfection with a combination of DNAs and mRNAs will generate iPSCs from any human somatic cell with subsequent differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Methods: In a series of experiments, adult human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with combination of DNAs containing Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Lin28, followed by a cocktail of mRNAs containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc, and Lin28 daily for 11 days in culture. Results: We made the following observations: 1) this treatment regimen efficiently and reliably generated iPSC colonies from HSF (referred as hf-iPSCs) and HUVECs (referred as he-iPSCs) by day 17. 2) Our flow cytometry data showed that 4% of hf-iPSCs at passage 0 (P0) were positive for Oct4 and Sox2, which is higher than currently avai...
Abstract 2387: Sex Differences in the Relationship between Echocardiographic Parameters and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Stable Angina: Data from the ACTION trial
Authors: Bonnie Ky, Bridget-Anne Kirwan, Sophie de Brouwer, Jacobus Lubsen, Philip Poole-Wilson, Jan-Erik Otterstad, Stephen E Kimmel, Martin St. John Sutton
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objectives: To elucidate how the association between clinical outcomes and echocardiographic parameters of size and function differ by sex in chronic stable angina. Background: Whether men and women with stable coronary disease and similar ejection fraction (EF) have equivalent cardiac risk is unknown. Methods: Baseline EF and end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes were calculated from 7016 patients in the ACTION study (A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcomes with Nifedipine GTS). All-cause and cardiac mortality and cardiovascular events were assessed over a mean of 4.9 years. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the interaction between gender and echocardiographic parameters and clinical outcomes. Results: There was significant effect modification by sex on the association between EF &lt; 45% and all-cause and cardiac mortality. Relative to those with an EF ≥ 55%, women with an EF &lt; 45% demonstrated a greater increased risk of these two endpoints (HR 4.78, 95%CI 2.16–10.57; HR 22.44, 95%CI 3.07–164.27, respectively) as compared to men (HR 1.99, 95%CI 1.42–2.79; HR 2.77, 95%CI 1.73– 4.43, respectively; interaction unadjusted p = 0.03, adjusted p = 0.06 – 0.07) (Table 1 ). There was also significant effect modification by gender on the association between an EDV &gt; 175ml and risk of coronary procedures (unadjusted, adjusted p = 0.02) and ESV &gt; 100ml and risk of heart failure (unadjusted p = 0.03, adjusted p = 0.26). Conclusions: EF demonstrates significant effect modification by sex on the hazard ratio for all-cause and cardiac mortality. Gender also significantly modifies the relationship between EDV and coronary procedures, and ESV with heart failure. Men and women with chronic stable angina and similar EF likely do not have equivalent risk. Gender-specific echocardiographic definitions may be of incremental benefit in the identification of high-risk women. Table 1: Unadjusted Hazard Ratios for Clinical Outcomes by Gender and Ejection Fraction