tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucose tolerance and blood pressure: long term follow up in middle aged men.
Authors: V V Salomaa, T E Strandberg, H Vanhanen, V Naukkarinen, S Sarna, T A Miettinen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--to investigate the role of glucose tolerance in the development of hypertension. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of the results of a health check up in a group of clinically healthy middle aged men in the late 1960s (median year 1968). The subjects were invited to enter into a primary prevention trial for cardiovascular disease in 1974, when they underwent clinical examination for risk factors. The trial was completed in 1979, when the men were re-examined. Follow up was in 1986. SETTING--Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland and second department of medicine, University of Helsinki. SUBJECTS--In all, 3490 men born during 1919-34 participated in a health check up in the late 1960s. In 1974, 1815 of these men who were clinically healthy were entered into a primary prevention trial for cardiovascular disease. On clinical examination 1222 of the men were considered at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Of these, 612 received an intervention and were excluded from the study. A total of 593 men were without risk factors. The study comprised all of the men who did not have an intervention (n = 1203). In 1979, 1120 men were re-examined, and in 1986 945 men attended follow up. There were two groups for analysis: one comprising all subjects and the other comprising only men who were normotensive in 1968 and for whom complete information was available. INTERVENTIONS--By 1979, 103 men were taking antihypertensive drugs, and by 1986, 131 were taking antihypertensive drugs and 12 were taking drugs for hyperglycaemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood glucose concentration one hour after a glucose load, blood pressure, and body weight were measured in 1968, 1974, and 1979. In 1986 blood pressure and body weight were recorded. RESULTS--Men who were hypertensive in 1986 had significantly higher blood pressures (p less than 0.0001) and (after adjustment for body mass index and alcohol intake) significantly higher blood glucose concentrations one hour after a glucose load at all examinations than those who were normotensive in 1986. Regression analysis showed that the higher the blood glucose concentration after a glucose load in 1968 the higher the blood pressure during the following years. Those men between the second and third tertiles of blood glucose concentration in 1968 had a significantly higher risk of developing hypertension (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.77) compared with those below the first tertile. CONCLUSION--In this study men who developed hypertension tended to have shown an increased intolerance to glucose up to 18 years before the clinical manifestation of their disorder. Blood glucose concentration one hour after a glucose load was an independent predictor of future hypertension.
Indication in Psychotherapy on the Basis of a Follow-Up Study
Authors: W. Senf, H. Kordy, M. von Rad, W. Bräutigam
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The problem of indication is a central one of psychotherapy research. Unfortunately up to now only few scientific results contribute to a therapist's decision in selecting patients for a specific therapeutic setting. Thus, indication and outcome research should be combined. A critical view on traditional research strategies demonstrates that psychotherapy research should replace the ideal of normative and general rules by the rational investigation of one's own therapeutic practice. From this point of view some results of the Heidelberg Follow-Up Project of 110 psychotherapies which were started on an inpatient and continued on an outpatient basis are presented. Based on the therapeutic changes of these 110 patients the question is investigated whether the decisions of the indications correspond with the therapeutic goals of the treatment models. Moreover, the question is discussed what kind of success a specific treatment model offers for 'problem patients'.
Abstract LB-175: β-Escin inhibits NNK-induced lung adenocarcinoma formation in A/J mice by suppressing ALDH1A1 positive cells; and RhoA/Rock induced invasion of human lung cancer cell growth.
Authors: Jagan Mohan R. Patlolla, Li Qian, Laura Barton, Yuting Zhang, Dhimant Desai, Shantu Amin, Stan Lightfoot, Chinthalapally Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer deaths. β-Escin a triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, had tested on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation in female A/J mice and its possible mode of action was evaluated using human lung cancer cell lines (H460 and H2126). For bioassay, at 6 weeks of age, mice were randomized and fed control AIN-76A modified diet. At 7 weeks of age (25 mice/group) intended for carcinogen treatment received one dose of 10 μmol NNK /mouse by i.p. injection. Three weeks after the NNK treatment, groups of mice fed either control or experimental diets containing 500 ppm β-Escin. Mice were continued on the respective diets and killed at 20 weeks (10 mice/group) and/or 36 weeks (15 mice/group) after NNK-treatment for lung tumor evaluation by histopathological methods. Administration of 500 ppm β-Escin significantly suppressed lung tumor (adenoma+adenocarcinoma) formation by &amp;gt;40% (p&amp;lt;0.0015), at 20 weeks and 53.3% (p&amp;lt;0.0001), at 36 weeks. Importantly, β-Escin showed NNK-induced lung adenocarcinoma inhibition by 65% (p&amp;lt;0.001), at 20 weeks and by 53% (p&amp;lt;0.0001) at 36 weeks. These results suggest that β-Escin inhibits the NNK-induced lung tumor and more so by suppressing adenocarcinoma formation. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that lung tumor harvesting from mice exposed to β-Escin showed significantly reduced ALDH1A1 expression when compared to control lung tumors. Since ALDH1A1 is a putative lung cancer stem cell marker and associated with therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, in Aldefluor assay using FACS analysis of lung cancer cell lines treated with different concentrations of β-Escin (0-40 µM) revealed that the subpopulation of cells with elevated ALDH activity has significantly inhibited by ∼60-85%. Also, β-Escin induced p21 levels and suppressed Rho A and Rock protein expression in H460 and H2126 cell lines and NNK-induced lung tumors. Our findings for the first time suggest that β-escin inhibits tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumor formation by modulating ALDH1A1 positive cells and RhoA/Rock pathway singling. {Supported by Kerley-Cade Endowment for Cancer Research} Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-175. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-175
Termination of ventricular tachycardia by an increase in cardiac vagal drive.
Authors: M B Waxman, R W Wald
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Out of 12 patients in whom phenylephrine terminated ventricular tachycardia, four were selected for detailed studies of its mechanism of action. Pretreatment with edrophonium (15-20 mg, i.v.) decreased, while atropine (2.4 mg, i.v.) increased by at least a factor of two, the dose of phenylephrine required to break ventricular tachycardia. Carotid sinus massage following pretreatment with edrophonium in unusually high (15-20 mg, i.v.) doses broke ventricular tachycardia in all four patients. The evidence presented supports the assumption that a vagal mechanism caused both instances of termination. These findings significantly alter our interpretation of vagal interventions in the bedside clinical diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardias.
Another Cataractous Family.
Authors: John L. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Wheeling, W. Va., Oct. 15, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —About two years ago, in the<i>New York Medical Journal</i>, I reported "A Cataractous Family," in which the mother, three daughters, and possibly two sons, have had cataracts at about the age of 40. I operated today on a mature cataract in the right eye of a man named Reason Goddard, farmer, aged 67. It had first begun to dim his sight sixteen years ago. One in the left eye is about half formed. His father had cataracts in both eyes, well-matured, when he died at the age of 68. An older sister of the patient was blind from cataract and was operated on at about the age of 50. Another sister, aged about 60, has a mature cataract in the right eye. Two male cousins, sons of his father's brother, had cataracts in both eyes when about 60 years of
Mutation of a highly conserved residue of betaI spectrin associated with fatal and near-fatal neonatal hemolytic anemia.
Authors: P G Gallagher, M J Petruzzi, S A Weed, Z Zhang, S L Marchesi, N Mohandas, J S Morrow, B G Forget
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We studied an infant with severe nonimmune hemolytic anemia and hydrops fetalis at birth. His neonatal course was marked by ongoing hemolysis of undetermined etiology requiring repeated erythrocyte transfusions. He has remained transfusion-dependent for more than 2 yr. A previous sibling born with hemolytic anemia and hydrops fetalis died on the second day of life. Peripheral blood smears from the parents revealed rare elliptocytes. Examination of their erythrocyte membranes revealed abnormal mechanical stability as well as structural and functional abnormalities in spectrin. Genetic studies revealed that the proband and his deceased sister were homozygous for a mutation of betaIsigma1 spectrin, L2025R, in a region of spectrin that is critical for normal function. The importance of leucine in this position of the proposed triple helical model of spectrin repeats is highlighted by its evolutionary conservation in all beta spectrins from Drosophila to humans. Molecular modeling demonstrated the disruption of hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the triple helix critical for spectrin function caused by the replacement of the hydrophobic, uncharged leucine by a hydrophilic, positively charged arginine. This mutation must also be expressed in the betaIsigma2 spectrin found in muscle, yet pathologic and immunohistochemical examination of skeletal muscle from the deceased sibling was unremarkable.
Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Alexander M. Minno, Warren A. Bennett, Walter F. Kvale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA has been considered among the rarer tumors but with increased interest in all types of hypertension and with improvement in diagnostic methods these tumors are being recognized more often. The numerous case reports of pheochromocytoma emphasize its frequent association with either paroxysmal or sustained hypertension.Historical BackgroundFraenkel,1 in 1886, reported the case of an eighteen-year-old girl in whom autopsy showed bilateral adrenal tumors that probably were pheochromocytomas. Thirty-six years later Labbé, Tinel and Doumer2 presented the first adequate clinical description of the hypertensive crises associated with this lesion. Mayo,3 (1927) is credited with the first successful operative removal . . .
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND EMPHYSEMA
Authors: R. A. Young
Journal: BMJ (1935)

A conjoined diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is very frequently made in middle-aged and elderly patients suffering from chronic or recurrent winter cough.These associated conditions are, without doubt, common in this country, but this diagnosis should not be accepted without full investigation, since emphysema tends to conceal or to mask other pulmonary lesions, while bronchial signs are common as a feature of conditions as various as tuberculosis, fibrosis of the lungs, bronchi- ectasis, asthma, nasal sinus infections, cardiac failure, and some of the rarer pulmonary or bronchial infections.Careful examination of the sputum should therefore be carried out in every case, and tuberculosis should always be suspected when the cough persists into the summer months.Radiological examination is also desirab!e, with the use of lipiodol in some cases, to exclude bronchiectasis, unsuspected tuberculosis, and fibroid conditions conse- quent on catarrhal or pneumonic attacks earlier in life.Senile tuberculosis, masquerading as chronic bronchitis and unrecognized, is without doubt a serious factor in the spread of tuberculous disease.
Acute-on-chronic kidney injury at hospital discharge is associated with long-term dialysis and mortality
Authors: Vin-Cent Wu, Tao-Min Huang, Chun-Fu Lai, Chih-Chung Shiao, Yu-Feng Lin, Tzong-Shinn Chu, Pei-Chen Wu, Chia-Ter Chao, Jann-Yuan Wang, Tze-Wah Kao, Guang-Huar Young, Pi-Ru Tsai, Hung-Bin Tsai, Chieh-Li Wang, Ming-Shou Wu, Wen-Chih Chiang, I-Jung Tsai, Fu-Chang Hu, Shuei-Liong Lin, Yung-Ming Chen, Tun-Jun Tsai, Wen-Je Ko, Kwan-Dun Wu, None on behalf of the NSARF Group
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
A Solitary Red Patch
Authors: Sarah Y. Lee, Lisa Shen, Emily L. Keimig
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Synthesis, identification and in vivo studies of tumor-targeting agent peptide doxorubicin (PDOX) to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer with similar efficacy but reduced toxicity
Authors: Li Tang, Rui Duan, Yan-jun Zhong, Raymond A Firestone, Ya-ping Hong, Ji-guo Li, Yan-chao Xin, Han-lin Wu, Yan Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

This work aimed to synthesize a cathepsin B (CTSB)-cleavable tumor-targeting prodrug peptide doxorubicin (PDOX) and study the in vivo efficacy and toxicities on an animal model of gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). PDOX was synthesized using doxorubicin (DOX) attaching to a CTSB-cleavable dipeptide Ac-Phe-Lys and a para-amino-benzyloxycarbonyl (PABC) spacer. PC model was established by injecting VX2 tumor cells into the gastric sub-mucosa of 40 rabbits, which then were randomized into 4 groups: the Control (n = 10) without treatment, the HIPEC (n = 10) receiving cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), the PDOX (n = 10) and the DOX (n = 10) receiving systemic chemotherapy with PDOX 50.0 mg/kg or DOX 5.0 mg/kg, respectively, after CRS + HIPEC. The median overall survivals (OS) were 23.0 d (95% CI: 19.9 d - 26.1 d) in the Control, 41.0 d (36.9 d - 45.1 d) in the HIPEC, 65.0 d (44.1 d - 71.9 d) in the PDOX, and 58.0 d (39.6 d - 54.4 d) in the DOX. Compared with the Control, the OS was extended by 70% in the HIPEC (p < 0.001) and further extended by 40% in the DOX (p = 0.029) and by 58% in the PDOX (p = 0.021), and the PC severity was decreased in the HIPEC and further decreased in the PDOX and DOX. Animals receiving DOX treatment showed hematological toxicities with marked reduction of white blood cells and platelets, as well as cardiac toxicities with significant increases in creatine kinase mb isoenzyme, evident myocardium coagulation necrosis, significant nuclear degeneration, peri-nucleus mitochondria deletion, mitochondria-pyknosis, and abnormal intercalated discs. But these toxicities were not evident in the PDOX. PDOX is a newly synthesized tumor-targeting prodrug of DOX. Compared with DOX, PDOX has similar efficacy but reduced hematological and cardiac toxicities in treating rabbit model of gastric PC.
Biologically active low density lipoprotein in human peripheral lymph.
Authors: D Reichl, N B Myant, M S Brown, J L Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

We have compared the ability of human serum and peripheral lymph to suppress the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), to activate cholesteryl ester synthesis, and to compete with 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein (LDL) for binding to LDL receptors in cultured human fibroblasts. Whole lymph was active in all three tests and the activity per unit volume in lymph was approximately equal to 1/10th that in serum. All three biologic activities in lymph were confined to the d less than 1.063 g/ml fraction. Whole lymph had no significant effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity in fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, whose cells lack LDL receptors. The LDL-like biologic activity per unit mass of immunologically active apoprotein B was approximately the same in lymph as in serum. The current data indicate that functionally active LDL is present in lymph and that the concentration of this lipoprotein is approximately equal to 1/10th that in serum.
US anti-abortion activists target state laws
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

US anti-abortion activists are moving to restrict women’s access to abortion on a state by state basis rather than by national legislation.

Nebraska and Oklahoma have already passed restrictive laws. Similar laws are under consideration in Florida, Louisiana, and other states.

Kansas passed a law requiring doctors to give the state government more information about late term abortions, but it was vetoed by the governor last month. On 5 May the Kansas senate failed to override his veto. George Tiller, a Kansas doctor who provided late term abortions, was murdered last year in his church ( BMJ 2009;338:b2237, doi:10.1136/bmj.b2237).

At least 22 of the 50 states have restrictions such as mandatory …
Older Americans hold on to life dearly
Authors: R. McShine
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The study of Salkeld et al in Australia of the choices of older patients in hypothetical illness scenarios is particularly pertinent to those of us dealing with patients in nursing homes.1 We are struck by the contrasting attitudes and expectations of the elderly patients with whom we are in daily contact. In our experience, most older Americans hold on to life very dearly and usually opt for even noxious treatments, such as chemotherapy, to gain a few months or years of …
STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCUS BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

A series of experiments was carried out on various strains of streptococci in order to ascertain the changes which bacteriophage produces in the phenomena of agglutination of these organisms. The results can be placed in the following categories. 1. Loss of specific agglutinability was observed with partial and with what appeared as complete loss of specific agglutinin absorption and agglutinogenic properties. 2. Partial modification of the antigen, bringing about inagglutinability of the strains with complete preservation of agglutinogenic and agglutinin-absorption properties. Coincidentally, additional components appeared. Some of these were related to the specific antigens of the organisms from which they were derived, while others were not. In two instances these components were of "group" character. 3. "Complete" modification observed with two strains consisting of complete transformation of the normal culture agglutinogens into antigens of an entirely different specificity. It appears from these studies that the bacteriophage phenomenon may play an intricate rô1e in serological grouping of various strains of pathogenic streptococci.
Late Recurrence of Carcinoma of Breast
Authors: M. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL JOURUthe two conditions (Sampson, 1958).Reviewing this problem, Tredway and Kemble (1958) reported three cases of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, in two of which elevated S.G.O.T. activity was found.In these two cases the maximum level of S.G.O.T. was 115 and 135 units, and this they attributed to pericardial haemorrhage due to extension of the dissection into the pericardial sac.They concluded that the test was not of very great value as an aid to the diagnosis of this disorder.In the remaining three cases reported in the literature normal values of S.G.O.T. were found.This differentiation can be of considerable importance, as the treatment of the two conditions differs, and surgical operations are now being successfully performed for the relief of aortic dissections.However, surgery is contraindicated in cases with cardiac tamponade and established anuria (Rob and Kenyon, 1960).In only one of the cases described above (Case 1) were high values for both S.G.O.T. and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (S.G.P.T.) activities found.Several mechanisms could have accounted for this rise:1. Myocardial necrosis consequent upon subepicardial haemorrhage due to extension of the dissecting aneurysm.2. Acute congestion of the liver.-Apartfrom primary hepatic disorders, high values of S.G.O.T. activity (700 to 3,000 units) have been recorded in cases exhibiting acute congestion of the liver due to acute heart failure (Shields and Shannon, 1958).In Case 1 there was both clinical and post-mortem evidence of acute hepatic congestion, and we believe that this was a major factor in the production of the high S.G.O.T. and S.G.P.T. activities recorded.3. Codeine therapy and renal failure.-Althoughlittle is known of transaminase excretion it is thought that the role of the kidney in this process is a small one, as only minute quantities of the enzymes have been found in the urine of normal subjects.This view would appear to be supported by the finding of a normal S.G.O.T. activity (18 units) in a case of anuria reported by Chinsky et al. (1956) and in a case of obstructive anuria we have recently observed with values of 6 units (S.G.O.T.) and 1 unit (S.G.P.T.).It has been previously suggested that codeine causes a rise in S.G.O.T. and S.G.P.T. activity (Foulk and Fleisher, 1957).Case 1 received small doses of codein.co.orally, and this may have contributed to the raised S.G.O
Outcome of pregnancy after amniocentesis for chromosome analysis.
Authors: J Philip, J Bang
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A consecutive series of 1177 pregnant women examined by amniocentesis for chromosomal abnormalities delivered 1039 live-born babies weighing over 2500 g and 79 live-born babies weighing under 2500 g. Twenty-six abortions were induced (2.2%)--13 (1.1%) because of chromosomal abnormalities--and 28 women (2.4%) aborted spontaneously; in these cases chromosomes were normal. Analysis of all spontaneous abortions in the series suggested that 0.3-0.7% might have resulted from amniocentesis.