tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Endothelin-1 and Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Jun-ichi Yamashita, Michio Ogawa, Koichi Nomura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Doxorubicin is a widely used and effective antineoplastic agent. However, doxorubicin therapy is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity that may lead to congestive heart failure.1 ...
Telephone triage in out of hours call centres
Authors: J. Car, E. Koshy, D. Bell, A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Concerns about quality and safety highlight the need for further evaluation

Telephone triage, both for in hours and out of hours consultations, has increased dramatically in recent years, and in many respects this is welcome. Telephone consulting can improve access to care for many patients,1 and out of hours care provided by call centres in particular can improve the efficiency of healthcare provision.2 Several unanswered questions remain, however, with respect to the quality and safety of such clinical encounters because of the relative paucity of evidence on this mode of consulting.3

The linked study by Derkx and colleagues (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1264) highlights the potential shortcomings of telephone based consultations in the context of out of hours triage of patients in the Netherlands.4 Strengths of the study include a carefully considered sampling strategy of call centres and the use of standardised clinical encounters using simulated patients.

Out of hours consultations are …
Renal afferents signaling diuretic activity in the cat.
Authors: S Genovesi, F Pieruzzi, P Wijnmaalen, L Centonza, R Golin, A Zanchetti, A Stella
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors have been identified inside the kidney, but their functional role is still largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in urine output could modify the discharge rate of renal afferent fibers. Experiments were performed in anesthetized cats in which afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) was recorded by standard electrophysiological techniques from a centrally cut renal nerve. Arterial pressure, renal blood flow velocity, urine flow rate, and renal pelvic pressure were also measured. Three diuretic maneuvers were tested in the same cat: intravenous administration of physiological saline (8 to 13 mL/min for 2 minutes), furosemide (1 mg/kg), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, 1 microgram/kg). The three maneuvers increased urine flow rate and pelvic pressure, respectively, 137.0 +/- 20.6% and 136.8 +/- 21.1% (saline), 148.6 +/- 31.7% and 139.6 +/- 43.5% (furosemide), and 75.9 +/- 7.9% and 62.1 +/- 21.2% (ANP) at the time of the maximum response. Arterial pressure slightly increased after saline, did not change after furosemide, and slightly decreased after ANP. Renal blood flow increased after saline and did not change after furosemide and ANP. The three maneuvers increased ARNA by 98.4 +/- 15.2% (saline), 270.7 +/- 100.8% (furosemide), and 59.6 +/- 23.4% (ANP). Changes in ARNA significantly correlate with changes in both pelvic pressure and urine flow rate. Our data demonstrate that increments in urine flow rate increase the firing rate of renal afferent fibers and suggest that (1) pelvic pressure is the major determinant of the neural response, and (2) this increased afferent discharge is due to activation of renal mechanoreceptors.
PELLAGRA SECONDARY TO LESIONS OF THE STOMACH INTERFERING WITH NUTRITION
Authors: WILLIAM L. BENDER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

An interesting side-light is thrown on the subject of pellagra by the occasional appearance of the disease in patients with faulty food utilization due to some gastrointestinal lesion. The observation in the last three years of three such cases has prompted this report and a review of the subject. Pellagra developed in one of these patients during a period of jejunal feeding necessitated by deformity of the stomach by a benign ulcer, and in the other two during progressive carcinomatous pyloric obstruction. Only two similar reports have been found in the literature. Rolph<sup>1</sup>saw a skin eruption, glossitis, pharyngitis and mental symptoms considered typical of pellagra coming on four months before death, in a woman who died after seven months of excessive expectoration with increasing dysphagia, vomiting and emaciation. Postmortem examination revealed a carcinoma of the stomach, which involved the cardia and, acting as a valve, mechanically interfered with
Toxic beryllium: new solutions for a chronic problem.
Authors: S Fields
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A 25 E xplorers have traditionally set out from familiar ports toward the unknown, creating maps of where they have been for others to follow.With time, these rough drawings are refined by those who come in their wake so that coastlines are charted, mountains measured, and rivers delineated to the mile.Today, scientists are grappling with a new map-that of the human genome-but unlike the one you can barely fold in your car, this map describes a landscape that remains almost a complete mystery: the 3.2 billion letters of DN A that code for the creation of a human being.The human genome is the total amount of DN A spooled into a set of 23 chromosomes found in the nucleus of every human cell.It's formed when the chromosomes of the male's sperm fuse with those of the female's egg to form a single-celled embryo, and it contains the genetic "instructions" that allow Focus • Charting the Map of Life
The Comprehensive Childhood Immunization Act of 1993: Toward a More Rational Approach
Authors: Gary L. Freed, Samuel L. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

About two fifths of two-year-old children in the United States have not received recommended immunizations on schedule1. These children, and a smaller number of older children, are susceptible to potentially devastating illnesses that can be prevented by vaccination, such as polio, measles, and Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. Congress has recently enacted a new plan, proposed by the Clinton administration, for the vaccination of children. Under this plan, the federal government will purchase vaccine and provide it at no charge to physicians for use in children insured by Medicaid and others who lack health insurance that covers immunizations. An . . .
Is Reporting of Quality Scores Worth Refining?
Authors: Jeremy D. Graham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters3 June 2008Is Reporting of Quality Scores Worth Refining?Jeremy D. Graham, MA, DOJeremy D. Graham, MA, DOFrom Community Health Association of Spokane, Spokane, WA 99201.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the analysis (1) by Fung and colleagues on quality improvement methods in biomedicine. Except for some efficacy at the hospital level, the effect of publicly reported quality scores seems, from what little data are available, to be minimal. The editorial by Hibbard (2) urges readers “not to give up on the consumer model,” to which she has contributed some of the publications cited in her own discussion. Further technical refinement in the reporting itself is urged, with the assumption that quality reporting will work properly once it is sufficiently developed. This presumes that ...References1. Fung CH, Lim YW, Mattke S, Damberg C, Shekelle PG. Systematic review: the evidence that publishing patient care performance data improves quality of care. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:111-23. [PMID: 18195336] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hibbard JH. What can we say about the impact of public reporting? Inconsistent execution yields variable results [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:160-1. [PMID: 18195340] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Mukamel DB, Weimer DL, Zwanziger J, Gorthy SF, Mushlin AI. Quality report cards, selection of cardiac surgeons, and racial disparities: a study of the publication of the New York State Cardiac Surgery Reports. Inquiry. 2004;41:435-46. [PMID: 15835601] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Community Health Association of Spokane, Spokane, WA 99201.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSystematic Review: The Evidence That Publishing Patient Care Performance Data Improves Quality of Care Constance H. Fung , Yee-Wei Lim , Soeren Mattke , Cheryl Damberg , and Paul G. Shekelle What Can We Say about the Impact of Public Reporting? Inconsistent Execution Yields Variable Results Judith H. Hibbard Metrics 3 June 2008Volume 148, Issue 11Page: 883KeywordsConflicts of interestPatientsQuality improvementSurgeons ePublished: 3 June 2008 Issue Published: 3 June 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pralatrexate with Vitamin Supplementation in Patients with Previously Treated, Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Safety and Efficacy in a Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Christopher G. Azzoli, Jyoti D. Patel, Lee M. Krug, Vincent Miller, Leonard James, Mark G. Kris, Michelle Ginsberg, Sara Subzwari, Leslie Tyson, Megan Dunne, Jennifer May, Martha Huntington, Michael Saunders, F.M. Sirotnak
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Suppose We Provoke the Enemy
Authors: Thomas Finucane
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to add another perspective on the continuing discussion of the physician's role in preparing for nuclear war.<sup>1-3</sup> Suppose the Soviets provided each of their emergency rooms with facilities to care for radiation casualities. Suppose every physician was trained to care for radiation injury. At another level, suppose the Soviets demonstrated an effective, realistic method for quickly relocating a large segment of their population. We would consider these to be provocative acts and adduce them as further evidence of the Soviets' intention to fight a war. Now suppose we do these types of things.
Rehabilitation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Lockhart B. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The article on occupational rehabilitation after cardiac surgery by Rimm and colleagues (235:361, 1976) identifies several factors other than the technical success of the operation which affect return to work. Patient age, education, and the physical demands of previous employment were also factors.  There are probably additional factors affecting rehabilitation which were not mentioned in that article and which deserve study. These include the local economic environment at the time of the study (perhaps as measured by unemployment rate), the standards exercised by local disability determination divisions in awarding financial support for medical disability, and the existence of other financial support. Although the authors mentioned Labor Department data for rates of job retirement per year in the general population, it was not clear whether those values express the influence of these proposed, additional factors.  I have the impression that during the two economic recessions of the past
A review of toxicology studies on cyanurate and its chlorinated derivatives.
Authors: B G Hammond, S J Barbee, T Inoue, N Ishida, G J Levinskas, M W Stevens, A G Wheeler, T Cascieri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Chlorinated cyanurates are added to swimming pools as disinfectants. In the presence of water, these materials hydrolyze to yield cyanurate and hypochlorous acid. To evaluate the safety of exposure to these materials, a comprehensive testing program was undertaken. This review summarizes the results of acute and subchronic tests on chlorinated isocyanurates. Findings from acute, subchronic, reproduction, metabolism, mutagenicity, and chronic/carcinogenicity tests on cyanurate are also summarized. Results from these tests indicate that chlorinated isocyanurates are safe for use in swimming pools.
False-negative results of Hemoccult test in colorectal cancer.
Authors: C D Griffith, D J Turner, J H Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Melanoma cells have been shown to undergo fast amoeboid (leader bleb-based) migration, requiring a single large bleb for migration. In leader blebs, is a rapid flow of cortical actin that drives the cell forward. Using RNAi, we find that co-depleting cofilin-1 and ADF led to a large increase in cortical actin, suggesting that both proteins regulate cortical actin. Furthermore, severing factors can promote contractility through the regulation of actin architecture. However, RNAi of cofilin-1 but not ADF led to a significant decrease in cell stiffness. We found cofilin-1 to be enriched at leader bleb necks, whereas RNAi of cofilin-1 and ADF reduced bleb sizes and the frequency of motile cells. Strikingly, cells without cofilin-1 and ADF had blebs with abnormally long necks. Many of these blebs failed to retract and displayed slow actin turnover. Collectively, our data identifies cofilin-1 and ADF as actin remodeling factors required for fast amoeboid migration.
Cryptosporidium Spread in a Group Residential Home
Authors: Alison E. Heald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 September 1994Cryptosporidium Spread in a Group Residential HomeAlison E. Heald, MD and John A. Bartlett, MDAlison E. Heald, MDSearch for more papers by this author and John A. Bartlett, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-6-199409150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Newman and colleagues [1] describe new evidence for person-to-person transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum in urban households of northeast Brazil. They acknowledge the potentially catastrophic effects of high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in endemic areas of C. parvum infection. Although the endemic rate of C. parvum infection is lower in the United States, microcosms of HIV infection exist in which introduction of a single case of cryptosporidiosis could also be catastrophic. For example, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among HIV-infected patients in an infectious diseases ward in Denmark was traced to an ice machine contaminated by ...References1. Newman RD, Zu SX, Wuhib T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Sears CL. Household epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in an urban community in northeast Brazil. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:500-5. Google Scholar2. Ravn P, Lundgren JD, Kjaeldgaard P, Holten-Anderson W, Hojlyng N, Nielson JO, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. BMJ. 1991; 302:277-80. Google Scholar3. Smith PD, moderator. Gastrointestinal infections in AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:63-77. Google Scholar4. Flanigan T, Whalen C, Turner J, Soave R, Toerner J, Havlir D, et al. Cryptosporidium infection and CD4 counts. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:840-2. Google Scholar5. Current WL, Garcia LS. Cryptosporidiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991; 4:325-58. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alison E. Heald, MD; John A. Bartlett, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySymptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildrenEffect of sodium hypochlorite exposure on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for neonatal BALB/c mice 15 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 6Page: 467-468KeywordsAIDSAmmoniaCryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumDiarrheaEatingFoodHIVHIV infectionsInfectious diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Juniors' targets will not be met
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Over 3000 junior doctors in England could still be contracted to work in hard pressed on call posts for over 72 hours a week when the deadline for abolishing these posts expires on 31 December. This figure comes from the latest reports of the regional task forces set up to monitor hours of work and depends on the present rate of progress being maintained until the end of the year. Under the new deal on doctors' hours no doctor should be on his or her feet and working for more than 56 hours a week, but the returns from the task forces predict that the number of posts requiring over 56 hours “will …
Coronary Flow Reserve in Young Men With Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Olli-Pekka Pitkänen, Pirjo Nuutila, Olli T. Raitakari, Kimmo Porkka, Hidehiro Iida, Ilpo Nuotio, Tapani Rönnemaa, Jorma Viikari, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Christian Ehnholm, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common hereditary disorder of lipoprotein metabolism estimated to cause 10% to 20% of premature coronary heart disease. We investigated whether functional abnormalities exist in coronary reactivity in asymptomatic patients with FCHL. Methods and Results —We studied 21 male FCHL patients (age, 34.8±5.4 years) and a matched group of 21 healthy control subjects. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured at baseline and during dipyridamole-induced hyperemia with PET and 15 O-labeled water. The baseline MBF was similar in patients and control subjects (0.79±0.19 versus 0.88±0.20 mL · g −1 · min −1 , P =NS). An increase in MBF was seen in both groups after dipyridamole infusion, but MBF at maximal vasodilation was lower in FCHL patients (3.54±1.59 versus 4.54±1.17 mL · g −1 · min −1 , P =0.025). The difference in coronary flow reserve (CFR) was not statistically significant (4.7±2.2 versus 5.3±1.6, P =NS, patients versus control subjects). Considerable variability in CFR values was detected within the FCHL group. Patients with phenotype IIB (n=8) had lower flow during hyperemia (2.5±1.2 versus 4.2±1.5 mL · g −1 · min −1 , P &lt;0.05) and lower CFR (3.4±2.1 versus 5.4±2.0, P &lt;0.05) compared with phenotype IIA (n=13). Conclusions —Abnormalities in coronary flow regulation exist in young asymptomatic FCHL patients expressing phenotype IIB (characterized by abnormalities in both serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations). This is in line with previous observations suggesting that the metabolic abnormalities related to the pathophysiology of FCHL are associated with the phenotype IIB.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Human Oral Carcinoma, and Cross Reactivity to Patients with Oral Leukoplakia Demonstrated by the Leukocyte Migration Test
Authors: B. Roed‐Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Tissue extracts from 18 oral carcinomas were tested in the leukocytes migration capillary technique(LMCT) against autologous leukocytes and against leukocytes of healthy matched controls. The normal range was defined as the mean migration index (MI) of the leukocytes of the normal control ±2SD. Three carcinoma patients showed significant inhibition and one was on the lower borderline on the normal range. None showed stimulation. When leukocytes of leukoplakia patients were tested against normal intesttine and two homologous oral carcinoma extracts, significantly different MI's were found between carcinoma and normal intensive. The finding are compatible with a state of tissue‐specific, cellular hypersensitivity against antigenic components present in oral leukoplakia and in oral carcinoma, and is possibly common between the two.
Patent foramen ovale closure and medical therapy did not differ for recurrence after cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Mukul Sharma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, et al; RESPECT Investigators. Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1092-100. 23514286
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor is a putative tumor suppressor gene in multiple human cancers
Authors: Enrique Zudaire, Natalia Cuesta, Vundavalli Murty, Karen Woodson, Lisa Adams, Nieves Gonzalez, Alfredo Martínez, Gopeshwar Narayan, Ilan Kirsch, Wilbur Franklin, Fred Hirsch, Michael Birrer, Frank Cuttitta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) is a bHLH/Per-ARNT-Sim transcription factor located in a region of chromosome 5 (5p15.3) that has been proposed to contain one or more tumor suppressor genes. We report here consistent downregulation of AHRR mRNA in human malignant tissue from different anatomical origins, including colon, breast, lung, stomach, cervix, and ovary, and demonstrate DNA hypermethylation as the regulatory mechanism of AHRR gene silencing. Knockdown of AHRR gene expression in a human lung cancer cell line using siRNA significantly enhanced in vitro anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth as well as cell growth after transplantation into immunocompromised mice. In addition, knockdown of AHRR in non-clonable normal human mammary epithelial cells enabled them to grow in an anchorage-independent manner. Further, downregulation of AHRR expression in the human lung cancer cell line conferred resistance to apoptotic signals and enhanced motility and invasion in vitro and angiogenic potential in vivo. Ectopic expression of AHRR in tumor cells resulted in diminished anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth and reduced angiogenic potential. These results therefore demonstrate that AHRR is a putative new tumor suppressor gene in multiple types of human cancers.
Elevated Galectin-3 Levels are Related with Increased Volumes in Systolic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Esra Gucuk Ipek, Senay Akin Suljevic, Habibe Kafes, Funda Basyigit, Neslihan Karalok, Yesim Guray, Lale Dinc Asarcikli, Haydar Demirel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Etoposide with/without G-CSF with busulfan and cyclophosphamide as conditioning for bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yoshinobu Kanda, Hideki Akiyama, Shu Tanikawa, Hisashi Sakamaki, Tsuneo Sasaki, Shigeru Takamoto, Yasusuke Onozawa, Bmt Team
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

To increase the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we have tried to add etoposide (VP-16) to busulfan/cyclophosphamide (BU/CY). Twelve patients received 16 mg/kg of BU and 120 mg/kg of CY with 15–30 mg/kg of VP-16. Another two patients received 5 μg/kg of G-CSF with 30 mg/kg of VP-16. Patients tolerated escalating doses of VP-16 without any significant hepatotoxicity. Their maximal level of bilirubin was 37.6 μmol/L (2.2 mg/dl), and there was no significant skin toxicity or mucositis. By contrast, two patients who received G-CSF with 30 mg/kg of VP-16 developed hyperbilirubinemia and veno-occlusive disease, which terminated this phase I study. VP-16 can be safely combined with BU/CY ≤30 mg/kg in three divided doses, and its effect on survival should be evaluated. G-CSF added to this regimen, however, should be used with great caution. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Dan M. Roden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

After a 13-year-old girl dies suddenly while playing basketball, her family comes to the clinic for medical evaluation. Her parents' resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) are normal, but her 9-year-old sister's ECG has an abnormally long QT interval. The family history is notable for recurrent syncope in the maternal grandmother's female relatives. How should family members be evaluated and treated?