tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ligand-Independent HER2/HER3/PI3K Complex Is Disrupted by Trastuzumab and Is Effectively Inhibited by the PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0941
Authors: Teemu T. Junttila, Robert W. Akita, Kathryn Parsons, Carter Fields, Gail D. Lewis Phillips, Lori S. Friedman, Deepak Sampath, Mark X. Sliwkowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Malignant Melanoma of Anal Canal
Authors: D. I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1956)

BXDICr=s 903 quantities of glucose infusions for correction.The case reported by Thompson and Hilferty (1952) showed improve- ment for a short time after heavy intravenous glucose therapy.The present case showed improvement for short periods, but after repeated infusions the amount of glucose required progressively increased.It would appear that the cause of the persistent hypoglycaemia was the destruction by tumour and cirrhotic changes of 80% of the liver tissue.This case is interesting in that, apart from the hypoglycaemia, there was no evidence of hepatic failure.
Congenital goitrous cretinism due to iodide.
Authors: K P Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

unteers on the off-chance that their organs might one day be suitable for transplanta- tion.It would have been more appropriate if the subcommittee had directed attention to the main ethical dilemma of organ trans- plantation-namely, the fact that only some 10% of the 2,000-3,000 young people -needing treatment for terminal renal disease are being helped, the rest being allowed to die, despite the established fact that many of them would be provided with worthwhile therapy if more donor kidneys were avail- able.A change in the law with provision for "contracting out" is the only way in which there can be a solution to the shortage of donor organs.
Eye Signs and Symptoms in Brain Tumors
Authors: William F. Hoyt
Journal: JAMA (1977)

What was particularly impressive about the original Swiss edition of this book was unexcelled black-andwhite photographic illustrations of the ocular fundus, a concise, accurate text in German, and a useful listing of German, French, and English articles on the subject of ocular symptoms of brain tumors. Readership of the book increased greatly with the publication of the first English-language translation in 1961. The first revision of the text was done for the second English edition, published in 1971. If one leafs through the new edition published in 1976 and compares it to previous editions, he will note several things, some good and some bad. With each successive English edition, the original photographic illustrations have been sinfully degraded to a point where their content will not be recognizable in future editions. Paradoxically, the new illustrations in the third edition are of excellent quality. The format of the book, including most of
Trial of Procaine in Old Age and Chronic Degenerative Disorders
Authors: J. A. W. Berryman, H. A. W. Forbes, R. Simpson-White
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Procaine hydrochloride (H3) has been claimed by Aslan (1960) to possess such remarkable rejuvenating properties when given to persons with degenerative dis- orders that it was felt a double-blind trial for a year was warranted, particularly as she also gave evidence which suggested that it had a favourable effect on the growth of tissue cultures and bacteria.A recent assessment in this country (Cashman and Lawes, 1961), though adequately controlled, was open to the criticism that the agent was given for only one month, whereas Aslan treated her patients for three months at least.
Staphylococcal Infections in General Practice
Authors: L. Roodyn
Journal: BMJ (1954)

In this series, however, the pairs of cultures were tested in 71 cases of boils, and in 12 (17%) the nasal strain was either a different type from the lesion (7) or was incapable of phage-typing (5) (Table IV).TABLE IV.-12 Cases of Boils with Different Strains of Staphylo- cocci in Lesion and Nostril Case T. B.
Sporadic Meningococcal Disease in Adults: Results of a 5-Year Population-Based Study
Authors: David S. Stephens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To define the incidence, demographics, clinical features, and risk factors for sporadic meningococcal disease in adults (≥ 18 years) residing in metropolitan Atlanta. Design: Prospective, population-based surveillance, with retrospective review of clinical and laboratory records. Setting: Eight-county metropolitan Atlanta area. Patients: All adult patients in whom Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid) during the period 1 December 1988 to 30 November 1993. Measurements: Incidence, relative risk, clinical and laboratory parameters, and serogroup of meningococcal isolates. Results: For the 5-year period, 44 (33%) of 132 cases of meningococcal disease in Atlanta occurred in adults (annual incidence, 0.50/100 000 adults per year). Twenty-three (52%) of the 44 adults presented without rash or meningitis, the two most obvious signs of meningococcal disease. Pneumonia, sinusitis, or purulent tracheobronchitis, but without rash, were the likely sources of meningococcal bacteremia in 15 (34%) of the 44 adults. Twelve of the 15 patients with meningococcal respiratory infection were older than 50 years of age or were immunocompromised (or both), and three fourths of the 15 patients had disease caused by serogroups B, Y, and W-135. Overall, two thirds of adults older than 24 years of age with meningococcal disease had one or more immunocompromising conditions (for example, low complement 50 level [CH50], corticosteroid use, congestive heart failure, multiple myeloma, human immmunodeficiency virus infection). Meningococcemia or meningococcal meningitis, often caused by serogroup C, were the presentations in 14 of 15 adults 18 to 24 years old; only 2 had an identified underlying condition. Conclusions: In this 5-year population-based study, one third of all cases of sporadic meningococcal disease occurred in adults. Over half of the adults presented without rash or meningitis. Pneumonia, sinusitis, and tracheobronchitis are important sources of bacteremic meningococcal disease, especially in immunocompromised patients and elderly persons.
Prenatal Identification of Paternity
Authors: Marilyn S. Pollack
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The HLA antigens system is extremely polymorphic, and HLA typing is now widely used for both the exclusion and the positive assignment of paternity. We have also used HLA typing for identification of paternity of fetal cells in a pregnancy detected a few weeks after the rape of a woman. The HLA typing indicated that the father of the fetus was the woman's husband, with a probability of 25:1 (96%), before the time the rapist could also be tested. Subsequently, the accused rapist was excluded as a potential father because he lacked all of the paternal antigens detected in the fetus. This prediction was confirmed after delivery.
Serum Fibrosis Marker Levels Decrease After Successful Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients With Advanced Fibrosis
Authors: Robert J. Fontana, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Deepa Naishadham, Jules L. Dienstag, Richard K. Sterling, Anna S.F. Lok, Grace L. Su
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
A STUDY OF THE METABOLISM OF TWO ATYPICAL CASES RELATED TO THE DEMENTIA PRECOX GROUP
Authors: Francis M. Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1909)

April for determining whether or not some variation from the normal of the metabolic processes might be present and bear some reba.tion to the changes in the mental condition.Such variations have been noted to occur.Folin and Shaffer1 have reported the results of a rather prolonged study of a case in which the phosphate excretion showed fluctuations in amount which paralleled the alternations in the mental state.It is to be regretted, perhaps, that the blood studies already reported could not have been carried out concomitantly with those of metabolism.Even if it had not been that the chemical work was
Case 50-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Gus J. Vlahakes, James F. Southern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 50-1988 — A 72-Year-Old Man with a History of the Nephrotic Syndrome and More Recent Marked Edema, Dyspnea, and Orthopnea
Medical Schools and Home Care
Authors: R. Knight Steel, Melissa Musliner, Peter A. Boling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: As hospital stays are shortened and the population ages, more care must be provided at home. Physicians must be prepared to supervise home care as well as to provide it. Given the continuing evolution of vertically integrated health care systems, all physicians, both generalists and specialists, need to have these clinical skills and to understand the home care services available and the logistics of providing them.1–3 This is true whether home care is coordinated with hospital care, used instead of institutional care, or used to ensure the provision of the most humane and cost-effective care.4, . . .
Vomiting and Abdominal Distention in a 3-Day-Old Boy
Authors: N. Thorne Griscom
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Roland G. Ware: These roentgenograms (Figures) were taken of a 3-day-old boy because he had for 24 hours vomited bile-stained material. He was well-hydrated but icteric. The abdomen was distended and silent. A small amount of meconium was found in the rectum. The serum bilirubin was 7.7 mg%. These films were interpreted as showing gasdistended loops of small bowel in the upper abdomen. No colonic gas was identified. The upright film demonstrated several air-fluid levels in the small intestine. It was concluded that the patient had small bowel obstruction. Dr. Paul F. J. New: I agree that no gas is visible in the large bowel or in the lower regions of the small bowel. The stomach has been decompressed by the nasogastric tube. This probably represents an atresia or stenosis of the jejunum or ileum. The elevated bilirubin level probably signifies physiologic neonatal jaundice; biliary atresia or other anomalous
HELIOTHERAPY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF DR. ROLLIER AT LEYSIN
Authors: HENRY DIETRICH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

If we open our school text-books on materia medica and therapeutics we shall rarely find any mention made of the qualities or therapeutic uses of solar energy. We learn the properties and supposed uses of scores of drugs and yet when we enter on practice, we find that our reliable therapeutic armamentarium is really a limited one. Water, fresh air and that most powerful agent of all, solar energy, which is supplied to us everywhere, receive only secondary consideration. The study and use of light, both artificial and solar, however, following the excellent work of Finsen, have come into prominence. The use of light as a therapeutic agent is very old. C. E. Rogers tells us that some years ago, while traveling in the tropics of Central America, he observed a peculiar custom among some of the Indian tribes. Occasionally he would see one lying naked on the ground for
Twist and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Are Induced by the EBV Oncoprotein Latent Membrane Protein 1 and Are Associated with Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Toshiyuki Horikawa, Jing Yang, Satoru Kondo, Tomokazu Yoshizaki, Irene Joab, Mitsuru Furukawa, Joseph S. Pagano
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an EBV-associated malignancy, is highly metastatic compared with other head and neck tumors, perhaps because of its viral link. Here, we show that the principal EBV oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via Twist, a master transcriptional regulator in embryogenesis and newly implicated in metastasis, which, in turn, are likely to contribute to the highly metastatic character of NPC. LMP1 could induce EMT and its associated cell motility and invasiveness in a cell culture model, whereas expression of Twist small interfering RNA reversed LMP1-induced EMT. In diverse EBV-infected cell lines, expression of Twist correlates with expression of LMP1. Dominant-negative LMP1 could suppress Twist expression in EBV-positive cells, whereas LMP1 could induce Twist in EBV-negative nasopharyngeal cells. LMP1 signals through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, and an IκB superrepressor inhibited induction of Twist by LMP1. Finally, in human NPC tissues, expression of Twist and LMP1 is directly correlated and expression of Twist is associated with metastasis clinically. These results suggest that induction of Twist by a human viral oncoprotein LMP1 directly contributes to the metastatic nature of NPC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):1970–8]
Cultures of Blood Drawn by Catheters vs Venipuncture
Authors: Alan Tonnesen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Cultures of blood drawn through indwelling intravascular venous and arterial cannulas were compared with those of blood drawn simultaneously by percutaneous venipuncture. In 92% of 174 comparisons, the results were identical. Cultures of blood drawn through indwelling intravascular catheters are as reliable as those of percutaneously obtained samples. In addition, the speed, ease, and lack of trauma in obtaining blood for cultures in critically ill patients further recommends this technique. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1877, 1976)
Comprehensive genomic screens identify a role for PLZF-RARα as a positive regulator of cell proliferation via direct regulation of c-MYC
Authors: Kim L. Rice, Itsaso Hormaeche, Sergei Doulatov, Jared M. Flatow, David Grimwade, Ken I. Mills, Magdalena Leiva, Julien Ablain, Charuta Ambardekar, Melanie J. McConnell, John E. Dick, Jonathan D. Licht
Journal: Blood (2009)
Continuity of Outpatient and Inpatient Care by Primary Care Physicians for Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Gulshan Sharma, Kathlyn E. Fletcher, Dong Zhang, Yong Fang Kuo, Jean L. Freeman, James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Little is known about the extent of continuity of care across the transition from outpatient care to hospitalization.<h3>Objectives</h3>To describe continuity of care in older hospitalized patients, change in continuity over time, and factors associated with discontinuity.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>A retrospective cohort study of 3 020 770 hospital admissions between 1996 and 2006 using enrollment and claims data for a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries older than 66 years. Data files were constructed to include the patients' demographic and enrollment information (denominator file) and claims for hospital stays (MEDPAR file) and physician services (carrier claims file). Characteristics of the hospitals were included in annual provider of services files. Being seen by a physician was defined as when a physician had submitted a bill for evaluation and management services for that patient.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Percentage of patients who during hospitalization were seen by any outpatient physician they had visited in the year before hospitalization (continuity with any outpatient physician) or by their primary care physician (PCP) (continuity with a PCP).<h3>Results</h3>In 1996, 50.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3%-50.7%) of hospitalized patients were seen by at least 1 physician that they had visited in an outpatient setting in the prior year, and 44.3% (95% CI, 44.1%-44.6%) of patients with an identifiable PCP were seen by that physician while hospitalized. These percentages decreased to 39.8% (95% CI, 39.6%-40.0%) and 31.9% (95% CI, 31.6%-32.1%), respectively, in 2006. Greater absolute decreases in continuity with any outpatient physician between 1996 and 2006 occurred in patients admitted on weekends (13.9%; 95% CI, 12.9%-14.7%) and those living in large metropolitan areas (11.7%; 95% CI, 11.1%-12.3%) and in New England (16.2%; 95% CI, 14.4%-18.0%). In multivariable multilevel models, increasing involvement of hospitalists was associated with approximately one-third of the decrease in continuity of care between 1996 and 2006.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Between 1996 and 2006, physician continuity from outpatient to inpatient settings decreased in the Medicare population.
The Difficult Problem of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Older Adult
Authors: R. M. Stone
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2002)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older adults is a biologically and clinically distinct entity. Based on analysis of cytogenetic and molecular data, it is known that leukemic cells in older patients are intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy. Due to comorbid disease and impaired bone marrow stem cell reserve, older adults tolerate myelosuppressive chemotherapy poorly, with a treatment-related mortality rate of 25 percent. About 35 percent of adults under age 40 are cured, but the complete remission rate (likelihood of temporary disease eradication) is 45 percent in those over age 60, considerably lower than the 75% rate among younger patients, and the possibility of long-term disease free survival is 20 percent in those achieving remission or less than 10 percent overall. Standard allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is too dangerous to be considered as a means to eradicate minimal residual disease after remission is obtained and myelointensive chemotherapy is not a beneficial post-remission strategy in this age cohort. These disappointing results call for more effective and less toxic therapeutic options. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML and promising early clinical data suggest that the era of truly targeted therapy in this difficult disease may soon be a reality.
p53 polymorphism influences response in cancer chemotherapy via modulation of p73-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Daniele Bergamaschi, Milena Gasco, Louise Hiller, Alexandra Sullivan, Nelofer Syed, Giuseppe Trigiante, Isik Yulug, Marco Merlano, Gianmauro Numico, Alberto Comino, Marlene Attard, Olivier Reelfs, Barry Gusterson, Alexandra K Bell, Victoria Heath, Mahvash Tavassoli, Paul J Farrell, Paul Smith, Xin Lu, Tim Crook
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Abstract 1725: Activation of the p53 pathway by the MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3 downregulates the DNA repair protein hABH2 and sensitizes glioma cells to chemotherapy
Authors: Tor-Christian A. Johannessen, Lars Prestegarden, Amra Grudic, Berit B. Tysnes, Rolf Bjerkvig
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Standard first line treatment for glioblastoma patients includes surgery followed by focal fractionated radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant administration of the alkylating agent temozolomide. During the course of therapy, however, radio- and chemoresistance typically become evident through local tumour recurrence, and median survival time for glioblastoma patients remains around 15 months. In order to improve this poor prognosis, there is a critical need to recognize the molecular basis for the low sensitivity of glioblastomas towards chemotherapeutic treatment. We have previously reported that elevated expression levels of the DNA repair protein hABH2 may provoke temozolomide resistance in glioma cells. In this work, we explored whether activation of the p53 (encoded by TP53) pathway by the MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3 would influence cellular levels of hABH2 and subsequently chemoresistance. Immunoblotting following nutlin-3 exposure for 24 hours showed increased protein levels of p53, MDM2, p21 and PUMA in glioma cell lines expressing wild type p53, but decreased hABH2 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed reduced hABH2 mRNA levels after nutlin-3 therapy, suggesting that hABH2 downregulation occurred at a transcriptional level. Combination therapy with nutlin-3 and temozolomide further enhanced activation of the p53 pathway, diminished levels of hABH2 protein and increased cellular cytotoxicity compared to either agent alone. Our results show that levels of hABH2 can be downregulated by activation of the p53 pathway in glioma cells. This suggests that p53 pathway activation may increase glioma sensitivity to chemotherapy not only by increased transcription of pro-apoptotic genes such as PUMA, but also by reducing levels of DNA repair proteins such as hABH2 that would otherwise promote drug resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1725. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1725
IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WHO COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR EARLY ICD IMPLANTATION
Authors: Massimo Zechin, Marco Merlo, Alberto Pivetta, Andrea Di Lenarda, Dario Gregori, Giulia Barbati, Laura Vitali Serdoz, Alessandra Buiatti, Gianfranco Sinagra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of isotonic exercise training on left ventricular volume during upright exercise.
Authors: M H Crawford, M A Petru, C Rabinowitz
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine the changes in left ventricular volume and their time course during exercise we studied 30 runners. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were measured from biapical two-dimensional echocardiograms recorded during graded upright bicycle exercise. The validity of this echocardiographic technique was assessed by comparing measurements at rest and exercise with results obtained by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography in 10 patients with coronary artery disease. Although the absolute volume measurements were lower by echocardiography, ejection fraction was not significantly different and the directional changes in volume during exercise were comparable. In the runners, resting left ventricular end-diastolic volume measurements by echocardiography correlated with their maximum bicycle exercise endurance times (r = .80). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction increased during exercise with the most marked changes occurring in the first half of exercise. Systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume (SBP/ESV) also increased during exercise, but the largest change occurred during the second half of exercise. Left ventricular volumes were larger in the 12 competitive marathon runners (maximum exercise duration greater than or equal to 27 min) as compared with the 18 noncompetitive runners (exercise duration less than or equal to 23 min): resting end-diastolic volume 130 +/- 29 (SD) ml vs 87 +/- 20 ml (p less than .001), respectively. During exercise the competitive runners exhibited a larger increase in end-diastolic volume and the noncompetitive athletes showed a greater increase in SBP/ESV. Therefore, highly trained competitive marathon runners make greater use of the less energy-consuming Frank-Starling mechanism to accomplish high levels of isotonic exercise performance as compared with less well-trained runners.