tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How Useful Are Cytomegalovirus Cultures in Patients with HIV Infection?
Authors: William M. Reiter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 August 1993How Useful Are Cytomegalovirus Cultures in Patients with HIV Infection?William M. Reiter, MD, Paul J. Cimoch, MD, and Robert H. Keller, MDWilliam M. Reiter, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Paul J. Cimoch, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Robert H. Keller, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Zurlo and colleagues' [1] statement that no systematic study has been done of whether culture positivity is predictive of current or subsequent CMV (cytomegalovirus) end-organ disease is incorrect [2, 3]. We believe that the data presented by Zurlo and colleagues corroborate previous work and support the clinical utility of CMV cultures in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Salient results include the findings that 31.9% of patients with CMV viruria compared with 9.3% without viruria (P = 0.02) developed end-organ disease; that the difference in rates when end-organ disease was diagnosed within 6 months of viruria ...References1. Zurlo JJ, O'Neill D, Polis MA, Manischewitz J, Yarchoan R, Baseler M, et al. Lack of clinical utility of cytomegalovirus blood and urine cultures in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 12-7. Google Scholar2. Salomn D, Lacassin F, Harzic M, Leport C, Perronne C, Bricaire F, et al. Predictive value of cytomegalovirus viraemia for the occurrence of CMV organ involvement. J Med Virol. 1990; 32:160-3. Google Scholar3. Cimoch PJ, Reiter WM, Vorce D, Cassarella SK, Thompson B, Keller RH. The occurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viruria in late-stage HIV-1 infection and its association with CMV organ involvement (Abstract). Amsterdam: Eighth International Conference on AIDS; 1992. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByValue of laboratory investigations in clinical suspicion of cytomegalovirus-induced upper gastrointestinal tract ulcerations in HIV-infected patients 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 247-249KeywordsCytomegalovirus infectionFeversHIV infectionsLymphocytesMorbidityMortalityRetinitisSystemic diseasesViremiaWeight loss Issue Published: 1 August 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fat-reduced diet in the treatment of hyperoxaluria in patients with ileopathy
Authors: H. Andersson, R. Jagenburg
Journal: Gut (1974)

Thirteen patients with ileopathy were studied under metabolic ward conditions, first on a 100-g fat diet and later on a 40-g fat diet. Ten of the patients were studied after three to 27 months on a fat-reduced diet. Ten of the patients had a high urinary oxalate excretion on the high-fat diet compared with a control group. The patients with a faecal fat output of more than 15 g a day showed a reduction in oxalate excretion when the fat intake was decreased and in the follow-up study the oxalate excretion was low in all patients except in one with a remaining steatorrhoea. There was a correlation between urinary oxalate excretion and faecal output of fatty acids. It is postulated that a low intraluminal calcium ion concentration, mainly caused by the high fatty acid content, explains the hyperoxaluria. The low fat diet, which also reduced the diarrhoea and increased the urinary output, was acceptable to the patients. The diet is recommended for patients with ileopathy in order to reduce the risk of formation of renal calculi.
Multimodality Evaluation of Klatskin Tumor: Detection by SPECT Alone
Authors: ANNE M. GLASER, DAVID C.P. CHEN, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 35-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice. Abdominal ultrasound showed biliary dilatation but could not define the cause. Abdominal CT imaging revealed extensive intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree dilatation but did not conclusively demonstrate the cause. On a subsequent technetlum-99m sulfur colloid image, planar images reveaied a possible lesion in the left hepatic lobe; SPECT images confirmed the presence of the mass. Surgical exploration later determined the tumor to be an unresectable adenocarcinoma of the common bile duct (also known as Klatskin tumor).
Angle Widening and Alteration of Ciliary Process Configuration after Cataract Surgery for Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Atsushi Nonaka, Takehisa Kondo, Masashi Kikuchi, Kenji Yamashiro, Masashi Fujihara, Takuji Iwawaki, Kaoruko Yamamoto, Yasuo Kurimoto
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Dynamic Changes in Apoptotic and Necrotic Cell Death Correlate with Severity of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Lung Transplantation
Authors: STEFAN FISCHER, ALEXANDRA A. MACLEAN, MINGYAO LIU, JONATHAN A. CARDELLA, ARTHUR S. SLUTSKY, MICHIHARU SUGA, JORGE F. M. MOREIRA, SHAF KESHAVJEE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of organ dysfunction following lung transplantation. We have recently described increased apoptosis in transplanted human lungs after graft reperfusion. However, a direct correlation between ischemic time, cell death, and posttransplant lung function has not yet been demonstrated. We hypothesized that an increased ischemic period would lead to an increase in cell death, and that the degree and type of cell death would correlate with lung function. To investigate this, we preserved rat lungs at 4 ° C for 20 min and 6, 12, 18, and 24 h, and then transplanted the lungs and reperfused them for 2 h. Cell viability was determined with a triple staining technique combining trypan blue, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–uridine nucleotide end-labeling, and propidium iodide nuclear staining. Percentages of apoptotic and necrotic cells were calculated from total cell numbers. Following 20 min and 6 and 12 h of cold preservation, less than 2% of graft cells were dead, whereas after 18 and 24 h of cold preservation, 11% and 27% of cells were dead (p < 0.05), the majority of which were necrotic. After transplantation and reperfusion, the mode of cell death changed significantly. In the 6- and 12-h groups, approximately 30% of cells were apoptotic and < 2% were necrotic, whereas in the 18- and 24-h groups, 21% and 29% of cells, respectively, were necrotic and less than 1% were apoptotic. Lung function (PaO2 ) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing preservation time. The percentage of necrotic cells was inversely correlated with posttransplant graft function (p < 0.0001). The study demonstrates a significant association among cold preservation time, extent and mode of cell death, and posttransplant lung function, and suggests new potential strategies to prevent and treat IR injury.
Hospital care for the elderly in the final year of life: a population based study.
Authors: J Henderson, M J Goldacre, M Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether among people aged 65 and over those who died at advanced old age spent more of their last year of life in hospital than those who died younger, and whether the increase in longevity in the elderly between 1976 and 1985 was accompanied by increased time spent in hospital in the last year of life. DESIGN--Linkage of death records to abstracts of records of hospital inpatient care in the preceding year of patients9 lives. SETTING--Six health districts in England covered by the Oxford record linkage study. RESULTS--People who died at advanced ages (85 and over) were less likely than people who died at younger ages (65-84) to have been admitted to hospital in the last year of life. Once admitted the very old tended to spend longer in hospital than others. The mean total time spent in hospital by the elderly in the year before death (based on all deaths including those among people not admitted at all) showed no appreciable change over time. The median time in hospital based on all deaths increased by about three days between 1976 and 1985. During that time there was a gain in life expectancy in the population of about one year from the age of 65. CONCLUSION--The gain in life expectancy in this population was not at the expense of any substantial increase in time spent in hospital in the final year of life.
Tourniquets and Abdominal Binders in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: E. Grey Dimond, Yeou-bing Li, Alberto Benchimol
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The effect of venous tourniquets, abdominal binders, and glyceryl trinitrate on the apex cardiogram (ACG) was studied in ten normal subjects and in 40 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). These agents were effective in reducing the amplitude of the "a" wave in patients with IHD. In normal subjects abdominal binder and tourniquets did not cause any changes in the ACG. Five patients with IHD had elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure at rest and all three methods were effective in reducing this pressure to the control levels with a decrease in the amplitude of the "a" wave. In these five patients, cardiac output and intraarterial pressure were not changed during the test.
Determinants of serum polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides measured in women from the child health and development study cohort, 1963-1967.
Authors: Rebecca A James, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Eric Willman, Jean A Keller, M Judith Charles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We examined predictors of organochlorine concentrations in serum specimens from women who were pregnant in the 1960s and participated in the Child Health and Development Study in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. That study enrolled pregnant women at the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Facilities, conducted interviews, and drew blood specimens; these specimens were centrifuged and the resulting serum specimens were frozen and placed in long-term storage. For the current investigation, organochlorines were measured by dual-column GC-electron capture detection in specimens collected in 1963-1967 from 399 pregnant women during the second and third trimesters. Using multiple linear regression models adjusted for serum lipids, we evaluated factors predicting concentrations of 11 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, their sum, and several pesticides and metabolites. Variables evaluated were age, race, place of birth, date of blood draw, body mass index, occupation, past residence on a farm, parity, and duration of pregnancy at blood draw. Concentrations of highly chlorinated PCBs and the sum of the PCBs increased with age. Concentrations of certain PCB congeners, as well as the sum, were significantly higher among nonwhites and increased with calendar date of blood draw. (italic)p,p(/italic) -DDT and (italic)p,p(/italic) -DDE concentrations were about 50% higher for nonwhites compared with whites and for those born in California or the southeastern United States versus elsewhere in the United States. Higher body mass index was associated with lower concentrations of several PCBs and (italic)p,p(/italic) -DDE but with higher heptachlor epoxide and DDT levels. The increase in use of PCBs during the 1960s is apparently detectable as increasing concentrations in maternal sera between 1963 and 1967. Marked racial and regional differences in serum pesticide levels were likely caused by geographic variation in previous agricultural and vector-control uses. The relationship to body mass index appears to be complex.
Evaluation of Exophthalmos
Authors: Arthur S. Grove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ALTHOUGH the orbit is not a common site of involvement in most diseases, exophthalmos and other orbital abnormalities are associated with a surprisingly wide variety of systemic and local conditions. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with diagnostic procedures that may provide information about the localization and cause of lesions in this area.The recognition of certain clinical features can expedite the evaluation of lesions within or near the orbit. Disturbances of visual or ocular motility are often initial findings in patients with orbital abnormalities. Detailed physical examinations of the eyes and orbits are necessary before more sophisticated diagnostic . . .
87 EFFECTS OF THE MULTIKINASE INHIBITOR, SORAFENIB, ON PORTAL PRESSURE, HYPERDYNAMIC CIRCULATION, AORTIC CONTRACTILITY, AND DYSREGULATED RHO-KINASE IN RATS WITH SECONDARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Hennenberg, C. Stark, J. Trebicka, T. Sauerbruch, J. Heller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Acute Saline Infusion Reduces Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Conductance and Increases Airflow Obstruction in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Sundeep Puri, David P. Dutka, B. Leigh Baker, J. Michael B. Hughes, J. G. F. Cleland
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Impaired alveolar-capillary membrane conductance is the major cause for the reduction in pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (D lco ) in heart failure. Whether this reduction is fixed, reflecting pulmonary microvascular damage, or is variable is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether D lco and its subdivisions, alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (D m ) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), were sensitive to changes in intravascular volume. In addition, we examined the effects of volume loading on airflow rates. Methods and Results —Ten patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and 8 healthy volunteers were studied. D m and Vc were determined by the Roughton and Forster method. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ), vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were also recorded. In patients with LVD, infusion of 10 mL · kg −1 body wt of 0.9% saline acutely reduced D m (12.0±3.3 versus 10.4±3.5 mmol · min −1 · kPa −1 , P &lt;0.005), FEV 1 (2.3±0.4 versus 2.1±0.4 L, P &lt;0.0005), and PEFR (446±55 versus 414±56 L · min −1 , P &lt;0.005). All pulmonary function tests had returned to baseline values 24 hours later. In normal subjects, saline infusion had no measurable effect on lung function. Conclusions —Acute intravascular volume expansion impairs alveolar-capillary membrane function and increases airflow obstruction in patients with LVD but not in normal subjects. Thus, the abnormalities of pulmonary diffusion in heart failure, which were believed to be fixed, also have a variable component that could be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
The effect of 17β-estradiol on MCP-1 serum levels in postmenopausal women
Authors: S Störk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is considered a propagator of atherosclerosis and a key modulator of monocyte activity. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is currently being investigated as a means towards prevention of atherosclerosis. We aimed to assess (1) the range of circulating MCP-1 levels in postmenopausal women, (2) the correlation between MCP-1 and atherosclerotic burden, and (3) the effects of commencement and discontinuation of HRT on MCP-1 serum levels. Methods: This clinical prospective trial investigated 51 postmenopausal women at increased risk for cardiovascular events who were randomized to receive either no HRT or 1 mg 17β-estradiol continuously plus sequential progestagen over 1 year. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid and femoral arteries was measured by ultrasound. Serum levels of MCP-1 and cellular adhesion molecules were measured by ELISA. Results: At baseline, MCP-1 levels and overall mean maximum IMT correlated (r=0.589; P<0.0001, Pearson's coefficient). MCP-1 levels in serum gradually decreased after 3, 6, and 12 months of HRT by 16.8±15.7% at 12 months (P<0.0001, MANOVA). Similarly, all cellular adhesion molecules decreased significantly by 6–12%. After 12 months, women decided whether to continue or discontinue treatment. At 18 months, in women discontinuing HRT (n=17), MCP-1 levels rose by 21±20% (P=0.003), but remained lowered in women continuing HRT. Conclusion: Our observations indicate that 17β-estradiol may have an antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing MCP-1 serum levels and cell adhesion molecules.
UK regulatory body approves research using human-animal hybrid embryos
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), the independent regulator for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment and embryo research in the United Kingdom, has approved two applications for research using human-animal cytoplasmic hybrid embryos, but it has required donors of human cells to be clear about how their cells will be used.

The authority’s licensing committee considered that the two applications, from Kings College, London, and Newcastle University, satisfied all the requirements of the law and has offered one year research licences to the two applicants.

The committee said that it had granted permission after a public consultation showed that the public was “at ease” with the research technique. The aim of the two projects is to create hybrid embryos from animal oocytes and human cell nuclei using somatic cell nuclear transfer—taking …
Non-surgical Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Conversion of Percutaneous Transhepatic into Endoprosthetic Drainage
Authors: H.-J. Brambs, P. Billmann, J. Pausch, A. Holstege, R. Salm
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) is associated with many long-term complications. Therefore a large-diameter endoscopic endoprosthesis is preferentially employed to bridge a malignant obstruction of the biliary tract. Only if the placement of an endoprosthesis fails, must PTD be established. We present a simple method for converting PTD into a large endoprosthesis (14 F) with the aid of endoscopy. We have performed this conversion successfully in 8 patients without complications.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic filling in essential hypertension. Diastolic mechanisms for systolic dysfunction during exercise.
Authors: A Cuocolo, F L Sax, J E Brush, B J Maron, S L Bacharach, R O Bonow
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Left ventricular ejection fraction is normal at rest but may respond abnormally to exercise in many patients with essential hypertension. To assess the determinants of the abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise, we performed radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise in 41 hypertensive patients without coronary artery disease. In 22 patients (group 1), the ejection fraction increased more than 5% during exercise; in the other 19 patients (group 2), the ejection fraction either increased by less than 5% or decreased with exercise. Left ventricular diastolic filling was impaired at rest in patients in group 2 compared with group 1, with reduced peak filling rate (2.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.7 end-diastolic volume/sec; p less than 0.01) and prolonged time to peak filling rate (175 +/- 28 vs. 153 +/- 22 msec; p less than 0.01). Impaired diastolic filling in group 2 was associated with less augmentation in end-diastolic volume during exercise compared with group 1 (p less than 0.01). These observations were not dependent on the threshold value that was arbitrarily chosen to define an abnormal ejection fraction response, as there were significant correlations for the entire group between the magnitude of change in ejection fraction with exercise and both the resting peak filling rate (r = 0.46) and the change in end-diastolic volume with exercise (r = 0.62).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Veterans Administration cooperative study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease: view from a noncooperating hospital.
Authors: J S Carey, R A Cukingnan, G F Groner
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital (VA-W) dropped out of the VA Coronary Cooperative Study (VA-Coop) in 1971 because of difficulty adhering to selection criteria, and because of the lack of standardization of surgical methods. Comparison of results from 1972-1974 showed the following differences: cardiopulmonary bypass time per graft, 61 minutes (VA-Coop) vs 33 minutes (VA-W); perioperative myocardial infarction (MI), 18% vs 6%; hospital mortality, 6% vs 1%; revascularization index (patent grafts per patient determined by postoperative angiography divided by diseased arteries per patient), 0.55 (VA-Coop) vs 0.84 (VA-W). However, the slopes of the actuarial survival curves were similar after the first year. In a group of patients operated on at UCLA and VA-W (UC-VA) during 1969-1971, the 1-year survival rate was 85%, but the annual death rate thereafter was also approximately 2% per year. The survival of VA-Coop surgical patients with three-vessel disease without left main lesions was significantly better (p less than 0.05 by Wilcoxon test) than the medical group with the 6-month (surgical) mortality adjusted to a more acceptable level (5%). These results indicate that coronary bypass surgery produces an annual mortality of approximately 2% per year after the first year. Differences in survival rates are due primarily to variations in first-year mortality, which is influenced by operative mortality as well as morbidity, incomplete revascularization, and low graft patency rate. In our view, the surgical results reported by the VA Cooperative Study are representative of an intermediary step in the development of coronary bypass surgery. The data, however, still indicate that surgical treatment results in better survival in patients with multivessel coronary disease.
Changing Patterns in the Practice of Carotid Endarterectomy in a Large Metropolitan Area
Authors: William H. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Brott et al<sup>1</sup>that carotid endarterectomy is becoming an increasingly common procedure but disagree with their recommendations on the basis of the Cincinnati area study. From our experience during the decade 1976 through 1985, "we continue to recommend internal carotid artery reconstructive surgery in symptomatic patients with a lesion and in those patients with significant stenosis, especially if other major surgery is indicated."<sup>2</sup> Two thousand eight hundred fortyeight operations were performed on 2041 patients, with hemispheric symptoms present in 60%.<sup>3</sup>Only fifteen percent fell into the category of significant lesions without symptoms. Operations were performed by two vascular surgeons in a university-affiliated hospital with a residency program and a vascular fellowship. The mortality rate was 1.8%. The postoperative stroke rate was 1.2%. The postoperative stroke rate due to early postoperative thrombosis has been lowered to 0.3% by the use of preoperative
Combined Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms in P53, P73, and MDM2 on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Survival
Authors: Li Liu, Chen Wu, Ying Wang, Rong Zhong, Shengyu Duan, Sheng Wei, Songyi Lin, Xinyu Zhang, Wen Tan, Dianke Yu, Shaofa Nie, Xiaoping Miao, Dongxin Lin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)