tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of the Bcl-2 gene family in prostate cancer progression and its implications for therapeutic intervention.
Authors: K S Chaudhary, P D Abel, E N Lalani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Prostate cancer (PC) is an escalating health burden in the western world. A large number of patients still present with extraprostatic (i.e., T3/T4, N0, M0/M1 or any T category and M1 disease or involved lymph nodes) and therefore incurable disease. Since the work of Huggins in 1940, there have been no major therapeutic advances and androgen ablation remains the best treatment option for extraprostatic androgen-responsive PC. Eighty to ninety percent of PC patients respond well to this form of treatment initially. After a median time of approximately 2 years, however, relapse to an androgen-independent (AI) state occurs, followed by death after a further median 6 months. Androgen ablation is rarely curative. The major molecular defect in extraprostatic and AI PC is the inability of PC cells to initiate apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli, including different forms of androgen ablation and cytotoxic agents. The balance between cellular proliferation and cell death is regulated by multiple genes or families of genes through the cell cycle. The exact mechanisms governing this intricate and complex process are as yet not fully understood. One family of genes involved in cell survival/death control is the Bcl-2 gene family, which consists of homologous proteins that function to regulate distal and crucial commitment steps of the apoptotic pathway. The Bcl-2 family constitutes both agonists and antagonists of apoptosis that function at least in part through protein-protein interactions between various members of the family. The final outcome depends on the relative ratio of death agonists and antagonists. Bcl-2 expression has been closely associated with the AI phenotype of PC. Cytotoxic chemotherapy may be used as palliative therapy in AI PC but has not been found effective. Most chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents induce apoptosis in cancer cells by direct and indirect action on the cell cycle. In vitro and in vivo studies have established that Bcl-2 expression confers an antiapoptotic activity against androgen withdrawal and cytotoxic chemotherapy. It thus offers a tempting potential target for therapeutic manipulations of PC.
Mortality of bullous pemphigoid in Singapore: risk factors and causes of death in 359 patients seen at the National Skin Centre
Authors: S.C.S. Cai, J.C. Allen, Y.L. Lim, S.H. Chua, S.H. Tan, M.B.Y. Tang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune-mediated subepidermal blistering skin disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.To determine the 3-year mortality rate, risk factors and causes of death in patients with BP in Singapore, compared with the general population.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all newly diagnosed patients with BP seen at the National Skin Centre from 1 April 2004 to 31 December 2009. Demographic and clinical data on comorbidities and treatment were recorded. Mortality information was obtained from the National Registry of Diseases.In total 359 patients were included in our study. The 1-, 2-, 3-year mortality rates were 26·7%, 38·4% and 45·7%, respectively. The 3-year standardized mortality risk for patients with BP was 2·74 (95% confidence interval 2·34-3·19) times higher than for the age- and sex-matched general population. Parkinson disease, heart failure and chronic renal disease were associated with increased mortality, while combination treatment with low-to-moderate-dose corticoste-roids and immunomodulatory agents such as doxycycline and/or nicotinamide was associated with lower mortality. Overall, infections were the most common cause of death (59·8%), with the main causes of death being pneumonia (42·7%), cardiovascular disease (14·6%) and stroke (11·6%).This study confirms an increased 3-year mortality rate for patients with BP in Singapore. Risk factors for increased mortality include medical comorbidities, especially neurological, cardiac and renal diseases. Treatment with combination therapy, including the use of low-to-moderate-dose corticosteroid, appeared to decrease mortality risk in patients with BP.
Of mind and morbidity: can stress and grief depress immunity?
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

"Do you remember—in one of Woody Allen's movies—when he says, 'I don't get depressed. I grow a tumor instead.'? "This shows that the studies on personality, stress, and cancer, although still definitely not conclusive, have already made their way into the common consciousness," says Joan Borysenko, PhD, instructor of medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston. Once relegated mainly to faith healers and practitioners of folk medicine, the idea that the conscious mind can influence the onset and outcome of a variety of diseases now is accepted by many medical and lay persons. In fact, the quest to discern the physiological mechanisms behind this poorly understood relationship has given birth to a hybrid discipline—psychoneuroimmunology—that was the topic of a recent meeting in New York City on mind and immunity as well as of several presentations at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting in Denver. "I
Blastemal Expression of Type I Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor in Wilms' Tumors Is Driven by Increased Copy Number and Correlates with Relapse
Authors: Rachael Natrajan, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Suzanne E. Little, Boo Messahel, Marie-Anne Brundler, Jeffrey S. Dome, Paul E. Grundy, Gordan M. Vujanic, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Chris Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Most Wilms' tumors are of low stage, favorable histology, and have a high likelihood of cure with current multimodal therapy. Despite this, there remains a group of patients whose tumors recur for whom intensive salvage regimens result in survival of only 50%. Fitting a Cox proportional hazards model to microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data on 68 Wilms' tumor samples, we identified a significant correlation between increased copy number at chromosome 15q26.3 insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) and tumor relapse (adjusted P = 0.014). Wilms' tumors (13%) exhibited a low-level gain corresponding to three to four copies of the gene by aCGH analysis, 9 of 10 of which exhibited high IGFIR mRNA levels. Although IGFIR protein expression was restricted to the epithelial cells of fetal kidney and Wilms' tumors in most cases, 12% of tumors were also found to express IGFIR in the blastemal compartment. Blastemal IGFIR protein expression was associated with an increased copy number and a shorter relapse-free survival time (P = 0.027, log-rank test). In addition to the membrane localization, IGFIR was localized to the perinuclear region of the blastemal cells in 6% of Wilms' tumors. These data provide evidence that an increase in IGFIR gene copy number results in aberrant expression in the blastemal compartment of some Wilms' tumors and is associated with an adverse outcome in these patients. These findings suggest the possibility of use of targeted agents in the therapy of these children. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(23): 11148-55)
DOES OUR DIETARY REQUIRE VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENT?
Authors: A. F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In spite of great and rapid advances in knowledge concerning the rôle of the vitamins, there is a striking difference of opinion as to the requirement of these essential factors. Some believe that, under normal conditions, the peoples of the United States and those living in countries similarly situated economically need not be concerned as to the fulfilment of their vitamin requirements. Others are of quite the contrary opinion. This divergence has centered mainly on vitamin A, variously termed the fat-soluble, growth or anti-infective vitamin. Although the necessity of including this vitamin in the dietary of both animals and man is universally conceded, especially for the young, there is nonagreement as to whether the bodily needs are being adequately met and, accordingly, whether there is danger of a deficiency of vitamin A leading to latent forms of nutritional disturbances. For several years we have been actively interested in this problem.
Successful thrombo-embolectomy in long-standing thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: E. S. Nash, S. Shapiro, A. Landau, C. N. Barnard
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The operative removal of thrombo-emboli from the pulmonary arteries in acute pulmonary embolism is an accepted method of treatment. The removal of thrombi that have been present for many months has been attempted less often. This case report covers the operative treatment and the pre- and post-operative physiological studies in a patient with long-standing thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension, in whom a large thrombus was removed under cardiopulmonary bypass from the left pulmonary artery. Dramatic clinical improvement resulted. A plea is made for a more radical approach to thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension when a local obstruction can be demonstrated.
Simultaneous Hypoglycemia and Acute Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: GEORGE BENZING, WILLIAM SCHUBERT, GEORGE HUG, SAMUEL KAPLAN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Acute congestive cardiac failure and hypoglycemia were observed simultaneously in 27 patients with underlying heart disease. Seventeen of this group had the hypoplastic left heart syndrome, two had transposition of the great vessels, and four had hypoglycemia postoperatively. Liver biopsy in four patients revealed a marked reduction of hepatic glycogen both biochemically and electron microscopically but normal phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Reduction of their dietary intake and gastrointestinal malabsorption caused by congestive cardiac failure are suggested as possible mechanisms for the observed hepatic glycogen depletion. Constant intravenous infusion of glucose is the method of choice for the treatment of patients with acute congestive cardiac failure and hypoglycemia rather than epinephrine or glucagon. Five patients recovered sufficiently following treatment of hypoglycemia and acute cardiac failure to be discharged from the hospital.
Medical Management of the Patient With Unstable Angina
Authors: Gary D. Plotnick
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SINCE 1937, a clinical syndrome intermediate between stable angina pectoris and classic myocardial infarction has been recognized.<sup>1</sup>This syndrome has been called a variety of names. Terms such as "preinfarction angina" or "impending myocardial infarction" unfortunately carry prognostic implications that may lead cardiologists and surgeons to precipitate action that may not be warranted. Other terms that have been used include "intermediate coronary syndrome," "accelerated angina," "crescendo angina," and "unstable angina." "Unstable angina" is the preferred term.<sup>2</sup> Unstable angina is not an isolated entity but is part of the clinical spectrum of ischemic heart disease. The vast majority of patients have extensive obstructive coronary artery disease similar to that found in patients with stable angina. Of 100 consecutive patients with unstable angina who were hospitalized in The Johns Hopkins Hospital coronary care unit and underwent arteriography, 94% had greater than 70% narrowing of at least one major coronary artery.
Etoposide and cisplatin versus irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with etoposide and cisplatin plus concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy (JCOG0202): a randomised phase 3 study
Authors: Kaoru Kubota, Toyoaki Hida, Satoshi Ishikura, Junki Mizusawa, Makoto Nishio, Masaaki Kawahara, Akira Yokoyama, Fumio Imamura, Koji Takeda, Shunichi Negoro, Masao Harada, Hiroaki Okamoto, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Tetsu Shinkai, Hiroshi Sakai, Kaoru Matsui, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Taro Shibata, Nagahiro Saijo, Tomohide Tamura
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Video capsule endoscopy findings in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: H. Kishikawa, J. Nishida, S. Takarabe, K. Arahata, A. Ito, J. Miyoshi, S. Kaida, T. Hibi
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A man in his forties with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (classic type) was admitted to our hospital because of melena and dizziness. His past history included two episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a diverticulum of the esophagus and multiple diverticula in the sigmoid colon ([Fig. 1]) but no evidence of recent bleeding. Colonoscopy also revealed several erosions in the terminal ileum ([Fig. 2]). We therefore carried out video capsule endoscopy, which revealed multiple diverticula with adjacent erosions in the distal jejunum ([Video 1]), and numerous erosions in most of the ileum ([Fig. 3]). On the basis of these findings, the most likely origin of the bleeding was the small intestine.
HEMIPLEGIA DURING TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE (ANTABUSE®) THERAPY
Authors: Wingate M. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Although tetraethylthiuram disulfide (antabuse®) has been used in many thousands of cases, I have been unable to find any report of a cerebral vascular accident occurring in connection with its use. In the case to be reported the development of hemiplegia after the fifth dose of this drug may have been coincidental, but I feel that it should be on record, in order that those using the drug may be aware of the possibility of such a complication.  REPORT OF A CASE  A 49-year-old spinster entered the North Carolina Baptist Hospital on Nov. 21, 1951, evidently intoxicated with alcohol and with a history of having been drinking heavily for four or five days. For many years she had been a periodic drinker and had been in many hospitals and sanatoriums and also in a few jails. Every psychiatrist who had seen her considered her a true psychopath. Her relatives were
Former editor pays $1m to settle allegations of kickbacks to promote products
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Charles Denham, one of the best known patient safety advocates in the United States and a former editor of the Journal of Patient Safety , has paid $1m (£0.7m; €0.9m) to settle US government civil allegations that he solicited and accepted kickbacks to influence infection prevention guidelines in a way that favored his sponsor’s product.

While serving as co-chair of the National Quality Forum’s Safe Practices Committee, Denham was also receiving payments through his consultancy company Health Care Concepts Inc and his research organization Texas Medical Institute of Technology, both of which are parties to the settlement.1 He did not declare these payments to the committee, the government alleged.

Minutes of committee meetings show how Denham used his position to advocate for a recommendation specifying 2% chlorhexidine topical formulations in the prevention of surgical site infections.2 This strength of chlorhexidine was found only in the ChloraPrep products made by CareFusion, whose parent company, Cardinal Health, was paying Denham’s companies.

These payments totaled $11.6m, and while …
The Need for Speed—Can Quality and Efficiency Coexist?
Authors: Stephen Kaminski
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Universal decolonization was better than MRSA screening and isolation for preventing nosocomial ICU infections
Authors: Brooke K. Decker, Tara N. Palmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Huang SS, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program and AHRQ DECIDE Network and Healthcare-Associated Infections Program. Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2255-65. 23718152
Press: Vilified for tackling tobacco
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

An organisation dedicated to “imposing its will” on people across the world and “undermining property rights” met in Switzerland last week. It was criticised in the Wall Street Journal Europe as undermining individual choice and in the Scotsman as “leading to a version of 1984.” So what was the name of this sinister body? Was it the Mafia? Or the Freemasons? Or a new socialist terrorist organisation dedicated to the overthrow of the capitalist system? No. As it turns out, it was the World Health Assembly, which was meeting in Geneva.

Why did the assembly (the annual general meeting of all the member states of the World Health Organization) provoke such ferocious criticism, prompting a leader in the Times , a long feature in the Wall Street Journal Europe , and a half page article in the Scotsman ? Its crime, according to these distinguished newspapers, was that it had decided to “take on” the tobacco industry, instead of confining its activities to the legitimate task of combating malaria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases.

It would be …
OPSONINS AND THE PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC INOCULATION WITH BACTERIAL VACCINES.
Authors: GEORGE W. ROSS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

No subject of recent years has been before the medical world more prominently than the opsonic theory and inoculation with bacterial vaccines, and we must earnestly consider whether or not such an interest is justified. To reach a right conclusion we must view the whole subject from at least two standpoints: the one is that of the opsonic theory and the other that of the therapeutic inoculation with bacterial vaccines. Let us first review very briefly the theory and then devote most of our attention to the results achieved by inoculation with vaccines. Opsonins are substances not yet isolated, but known to exist in the blood, whose function it is to unite with bacteria and prepare them for the leucocytes to attack and destroy. Without such preparation the fastidious leucocytes refuse to ingest bacteria, and so this defensive power of the organism is in abeyance. One of Wright's discoveries was
Prevalence of indolent systemic mastocytosis in a Dutch region
Authors: Jasper J. van Doormaal, Suzanne Arends, Kim L. Brunekreeft, V. Bauco van der Wal, Johanna Sietsma, Pieter C. van Voorst Vader, Joanne N.G. Oude Elberink, Johanna C. Kluin-Nelemans, Eveline van der Veer, Jan G.R. de Monchy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Effects of sleep bruxism on functional and occlusal parameters: a prospective controlled investigation
Authors: Michelle Alicia Ommerborn, Maria Giraki, Christine Schneider, Lars Michael Fuck, Jörg Handschel, Matthias Franz, Wolfgang Hans-Michael Raab, Ralf Schäfer
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

This study was conducted to verify the results of a preceding retrospective pilot study by means of a prospective controlled investigation including a larger sample size. Therefore, the aim of this clinical investigation was to analyze the relationship between sleep bruxism and several functional and occlusal parameters. The null hypothesis of this study was that there would be no differences among sleep bruxism subjects and non-sleep bruxism controls regarding several functional and occlusal parameters. Fifty-eight sleep bruxism subjects and 31 controls participated in this study. The diagnosis sleep bruxism was based on clinical criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sixteen functional and occlusal parameters were recorded clinically or from dental study casts. Similar to the recently published retrospective pilot study, with a mean slide of 0.77 mm (s.d., 0.69 mm) in the sleep bruxism group and a mean slide of 0.4 mm (s.d., 0.57 mm) in the control group, the evaluation of the mean comparison between the two groups demonstrated a larger slide from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation in sleep bruxism subjects (Mann–Whitney U-test; P=0.008). However, following Bonferroni adjustment, none of the 16 occlusal and functional variables differed significantly between the sleep bruxism subjects and the non-sleep bruxism controls. The present study shows that the occlusal and functional parameters evaluated do not differ between sleep bruxism subjects and non-sleep bruxism subjects. However, as the literature reveals a possible association between bruxism and certain subgroups of temporomandibular disorders, it appears advisable to incorporate the individual adaptive capacity of the stomatognathic system into future investigations. People who grind their teeth in sleep do not necessarily have unusual dental physiology, research from Germany shows. Michelle Ommerborn and co-workers at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, in collaboration with an orthodontic dental practice in Langenfeld, Germany, have completed a study involving 58 patients with known sleep bruxism (grinding), and 31 control patients with no grinding symptoms. Following up on a previous pilot study, the team focused on 16 different aspects of dental physiology, from overbite of canines to the maximum left and right movement of the mandible. The team discovered that teeth grinders have a more pronounced slide from first contact of teeth on biting (centric occlusion) to full closure of all teeth (maximum intercuspation). However, none of the other parameters were found to be statistically significant, contradicting the earlier pilot study.
Perception of Self in Borderline States
Authors: ALFRED B. LEWIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The borderline state may be better described in terms of defective ego functioning than as a clearly delineated symptom cluster. The concepts of "ego boundary" and "sense of identity" are used here to emphasize one area of defective ego functioning—pathology in the perception of self—and to demonstrate its importance in behavioral patterns associated with the borderline state. Therapy should be focused upon clarification of the patient's distortions in self-perception by strengthening his sense of separateness, individuality, and historical continuity and by helping him to form a clearer picture of the meaningful people in his life.
Re: Chapple CR, Martinez-Garcia R, Selvaggi L, Toozs-Hobson P, Warnack W, Drogendijk T, Wright DM, Bolodeoku J. A Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Solifenacin Succinate and Extended Release Tolterodine at Treating Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Results of the STAR trial. Eur Urol 2005;48:464–70
Authors: Udo Jonas, Raymond R. Rackley
Journal: European Urology (2005)