tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4642: Risk stratification of bladder cancer patients using a panel of 5 prognostic protein markers
Authors: Niels Fristrup, Benedicte P. Ulhøi, Michael Borre, Arndt Hartmann, Torben F. Ørntoft, Lars Dyrskjøt
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The majority of patients with bladder cancer are initially diagnosed with noninvasive or superficially invasive urothelial tumors. These tumors form a heterogeneous group, spanning from benign low grade Ta tumors that rarely progress to high grade T1 tumors with concomitant CIS that progress in up to 60% of cases. No biomarkers have yet been accepted in clinical routine for predicting the individual disease courses of these patients. Previously, we have identified gene expression signatures for prediction disease outcome for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The aim of the present study was to validate key candidate markers from these signatures on the protein level. Five genes were selected for investigation: CTSE, BIRC5, TRIM29, PLK1 and SERPINB5. A total of 289 primary non-muscle invasive urothelial tumors (182 pTa, 101 pT1 and 6 CIS) were chosen for tissue microarray construction. 118 patients showed later disease progression to pT2-4 bladder cancer with a median time to progression of 22 months. None of the remaining 171 patients showed later disease progression within the follow-up period with a median follow-up of 93 months. Protein expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry. We found that high expression of BIRC5 and PLK1 identified patients with an increased risk of progression; (HR=2.47 (1.57-3.87), P&amp;lt;0.001 and HR=1.52 (1.00-2.29), P=0.048 respectively). Whereas high expression of CTSE, SERPINB5 and TRIM29 identified patients with a reduced risk of progression; (HR=0.60 (0.39-0.93), P=0.02), (HR=0.58 (0.38-0.89), P=0.01) and (HR=0.38 (0.20-0.73), P=0.003 respectively). We found all five proteins to be independent prognostic variables for predicting disease progression to muscle invasive bladder cancer when stratifying for other known clinical and histopathological risk factors. Consequently, we successfully transferred key markers from the gene expression signatures to the protein level. This marker panel is currently being validated in a new series of pT1 bladder tumors and the results from this independent validation set will also be presented at the meeting. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4642.
The 'Supply Side' Economics of Sodium Metabolism
Authors: Fu-Hsiung Shen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THESE days, while the economy is the hot topic and David Stockman the rising star, I find it difficult to concentrate on medical grand rounds. The usual sense of guilt over not being fully devoted to medicine lingers. That is, until a visiting professor at a recent grand rounds began his elaborate discussion on the "forward" vs "backward" hypotheses of ascites formation. Then, eureka! It came to me, the realization that economy and medicine do mix, that the case presented of advanced liver cirrhosis with refractory ascites is indeed a metaphor for our national economic problems. Economics is a profession in double jeopardy: on the one hand, the accuracy in predicting future trends often is no better than the weatherman's forecast. On the other hand, the economist, like the physician, is burdened by opposing hypotheses. There are at least two reasons why such opposing views coexist in economics and medicine.
Response to autologous immunoglobulin G in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M A Chamberlain, C G Shapland, I M Roitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Vitamin D has long been linked to resistance to tuberculosis, an infectious respiratory disease that is increasingly hard to treat because of multidrug resistance. Previous work established that vitamin D induces macrophage antimicrobial functions against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. In this article, we report a novel, metabolic role for vitamin D in tuberculosis identified through integrated transcriptome and mechanistic studies. Transcriptome analysis revealed an association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and lipid metabolism in human tuberculosis and infected macrophages. Vitamin D treatment of infected macrophages abrogated infection-induced accumulation of lipid droplets, which are required for intracellular <i>M. tuberculosis</i> growth. Additional transcriptomics results showed that vitamin D downregulates the proadipogenic peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in infected macrophages. PPARγ agonists reversed the antiadipogenic and the antimicrobial effects of VDR, indicating a link between VDR and PPARγ signaling in regulating both vitamin D functions. These findings suggest the potential for host-based, adjunct antituberculosis therapy targeting lipid metabolism.
Prevention of portal hypertension: From variceal development to clinical decompensation
Authors: Julio D. Vorobioff, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension (PH) has been exclusively devoted to gastroesophageal varices–related events at different frameworks, including prophylactic, emergency, or preventive therapy. The goals of treatment are to avoid the first bleeding episode, stop active bleeding, and prevent bleeding recurrence, respectively. The objective of preprimary prophylaxis (PPP) is to avoid variceal development, and therefore it necessarily deals with patients with cirrhosis at earlier stages of the disease. At these earlier stages, nonselective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) have been ineffective in preventing the development of varices and other complications of PH. Therefore, treatment should not rely on NSBB. It is possible that, at these earlier stages, etiological treatment of liver disease itself could prevent progression of PH. This review will focus mainly on early treatment of PH, because, if successful, it may translate into histological‐hemodynamic improvements, avoiding not only variceal development, but also other PH‐related complications, such as ascites and portosystemic encephalopathy. Moreover, the advent of new therapies may allow not only the prevention of the complications of PH, but also the chance of a substantial degree of regression in the cirrhotic process, with the possible prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (H epatology 2015;61:375–381)
EFFICIENT LABORATORY SERVICE IN A HOSPITAL OR A COMMUNITY
Authors: HARVEY P. BARRET
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is a fact well known and generally admitted that, in practice, laboratory work is about the most badly neglected phase of general medicine. And the reason for this neglect of a highly perfected and valuable means of diagnosis is purely, or largely, economic. Especially is this neglect the case as regards the great middle class—the bone and sinew of our population. The poor person who goes to a clinic or a hospital has his case fully worked up, from the laboratory standpoint. Expense is not allowed to stand in the way, though this expense must be shouldered, not by the individual himself, but by the endowed institution, the hospital. The very wealthy, too, get all the laboratory work desired by the physician, for in their case the matter of expense need not be considered. But for the great majority of people paying their way through life, to whom money
Vaccination in utero may cut vertical transmission
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Vaccination in utero may reduce the vertical transmission of infectious diseases. Canadian scientists have introduced a DNA herpes vaccine into the amniotic fluid of fetal lambs and elicited a powerful immune response to it. Their hope is that this approach may eventually reduce the need for caesarean sections in women at high risk of passing on infections such as herpes and hepatitis to their offspring (Nature Medicine 2000;6:929-32).

Dr Philip Griebel and his team at the Veterinary Infectious Disease Organisation, University of Saskatchewan, sought to …
Developing primary palliative care
Authors: Pam Levack, Helen Dryden, Fiona Paterson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Murray et al say that community palliative care should be available to more patients, including those with non-malignant disease.1 We report the reality of achieving community care for patients discharged from a cancer centre.

Data from 2000 consecutive patients referred to a hospital palliative care team were collected prospectively. Outcome was categorised as discharge home (patient's or carer's); …
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: John W. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  — I am a longtime member of the Iowa Academy of  and a former member of the Iowa Academy of  Committee on Controversial Issues. The Committee on Controversial Issues was formed to combat the promotion of counterfeit science in and around Iowa. Thus, I was dismayed to find that the May 22/29 issue ofJAMAcarried a long letter by Sharma et al1expounding on the fanciful speculations of Maharishi Ayur-Veda.  This type of shamanism has long been marketed from Fairfield, Iowa, by Maharishi International University (MIU) as part of what they call their  Science program. Moreover, the very same Dr Deepak Chopra, who has been billed by MIU Press as one of the leading speakers in the TM Movement, has been one of the most prominent advocates of the Vedic and other claims of the TM-MIU community. For example, a set of
Physiotherapy for stress incontinence of urine.
Authors: P Byrne, J Morris, S Mordey, R Condie
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<b>Study aim:</b> To evaluate clinical significance of C reactive protein (CRP) and MASTORA score in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). <b>Materials and methods:</b> 125 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute PE were prospectively examined. PE was confirmed by the chest CT angiography. D-dimer, CRP level tests, echocardiography and venous ultrasonography of the legs were performed. Risk factors were also explored. PE scope was evaluated using the MASTORA score. <b>Results:</b> D-dimer level &lt;500 μg/l was seen in 4.2% cases. The probability of haemoptysis was significantly (p=0.001) higher when the pressure in the pulmonary artery was increased. Elevated CRP was found in the majority of the cases (78.4 %), but there were no associations with fever or the findings of opacities or consolidation in the chest CT scans. The higher D-dimer level significantly correlated with the overload of the right chambers of the heart (p=0.03). The higher MASTORA score had a strong correlation with higher D-dimer level (r=0.362, p&lt;0.0001), right heart chambers overload (p=0.006) and pulmonary infiltration (p=0.007). PE caused the death of two (1.6%) patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> D-dimer level&lt;500 μg/l does not exclude PE, even a massive one. Haemoptysis in PE is associated with increased pressure in the pulmonary artery. The clinical significance of the CRP test and MASTORA score value is low in most acute PE cases.
Microsurgery and Spectroscopy with the Maser.
Authors: Ronald A. Malt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Microsurgery and Spectroscopy with the Maser.Ronald A. Malt, M.D.Ronald A. Malt, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-726_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCoherent visible light from an optical maser (laser) can be focused through a conventional optical system to a spot approaching ⅓ µ in diameter. This enormous concentration produces a power density greater than that of radiant energy at the surface of the sun; yet, minute targets subjected to the flux can be heated with no effect on thermal equilibrium in surrounding tissue.Actual effects on a biological object depend on the absorbent properties at a given wavelength as well as the intensity of incident radiation. Since pigmented areas are affected far more than reflective or transparent ones, focal lesions can... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ronald A. Malt, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 726-727KeywordsAttentionLesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Getting knowledge into clinical practice
Authors: Albert Figueras, Edgar Narváez
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Six years ago the Nicaraguan government asked us to implement treatment guidelines for the most prevalent health problems of the country in six months. After some discussion, a stepwise development of a treatment guideline for postpartum haemorrhage was selected as a training example. 

Several Nicaraguan institutions had already published treatment guidelines for postpartum haemorrhage, but the real management of delivery differs from their recommendations. The causes seemed simple: treatment guidelines are written far from the clinical reality and are usually …
Survival of Children With Cancer
Authors: Margaret T. Mandelson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Advances in therapy have increased the survival of children with cancer.<sup>1</sup>Among approximately 144,000 US white children diagnosed with cancer at ages 0 to 14 years from 1955 to 1979, we estimate that 45,300 (31%) were alive in 1984 (Table). More patients were successfully treated in the 1970s (25,600) than in the preceding 15 years (19,700). This difference is due primarily to recent improvements in therapy for childhood leukemia. Nevertheless, only 18% of children with leukemia diagnosed before 1980 were alive in 1984, in contrast to 77% of patients with retinoblastoma. Our estimates are based on published figures and standard life-table procedures, with errors inherent in projecting the results of individual studies to all US white children.<sup>2-5</sup> Approximately one child in 600 in the United States develops cancer in the first 15 years of life. Those who have been cured often have permanent damage to
Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study
Authors: Mary C M Macintosh, Kate M Fleming, Jaron A Bailey, Pat Doyle, Jo Modder, Dominique Acolet, Shona Golightly, Alison Miller
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To provide perinatal mortality and congenital anomaly rates for babies born to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. <b>Design</b> National population based pregnancy cohort. <b>Setting</b> 231 maternity units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. <b>Participants</b> 2359 pregnancies to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who delivered between 1 March 2002 and 28 February 2003. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Stillbirth rates; perinatal and neonatal mortality; prevalence of congenital anomalies. <b>Results</b> Of 2359 women with diabetes, 652 had type 2 diabetes and 1707 had type 1 diabetes. Women with type 2 diabetes were more likely to come from a Black, Asian, or other ethnic minority group (type 2, 48.8%; type 1, 9.1%) and from a deprived area (type 2, 46.3% in most deprived fifth; type 1, 22.8%). Perinatal mortality in babies of women with diabetes was 31.8/1000 births. Perinatal mortality was comparable in babies of women with type 1 (31.7/1000 births) and type 2 diabetes (32.3/1000) and was nearly four times higher than that in the general maternity population. 141 major congenital anomalies were confirmed in 109 offspring. The prevalence of major congenital anomaly was 46/1000 births in women with diabetes (48/1000 births for type 1 diabetes; 43/1000 for type 2 diabetes), more than double that expected. This increase was driven by anomalies of the nervous system, notably neural tube defects (4.2-fold), and congenital heart disease (3.4-fold). Anomalies in 71/109 (65%) offspring were diagnosed antenatally. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed antenatally in 23/42 (54.8%) offspring; anomalies other than congenital heart disease were diagnosed antenatally in 48/67 (71.6%) offspring. <b>Conclusion</b> Perinatal mortality and prevalence of congenital anomalies are high in the babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The rates do not seem to differ between the two types of diabetes.
Diagnostic Mutation Profiling and Validation of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Small Biopsy Samples using a High Throughput Platform
Authors: Anne Marie Quinn, Nicholas Hickson, Megan Adaway, Lynsey Priest, Erich Jaeger, Nitin Udar, Catherine Keeling, Martyna Kamieniorz, Caroline Dive, Andrew Wallace, Richard J. Byers, William G. Newman, Daisuke Nonaka, Fiona H. Blackhall
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Patient selection based on treatment duration and liver biochemistry increases success rates after treatment withdrawal in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Johannes Hartl, Hanno Ehlken, Christina Weiler-Normann, Marcial Sebode, Benno Kreuels, Nadine Pannicke, Roman Zenouzi, Claudia Glaubke, Ansgar W. Lohse, Christoph Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Parents fail to overturn ruling not to resuscitate baby
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The parents of a terminally ill baby failed in the high court in London last week to persuade a judge to overturn an order he made six months ago allowing doctors to let her die if she stops breathing.

Darren and Debbie Wyatt vowed to appeal against Mr Justice Hedley's ruling that it would still not be in 18 month old Charlotte's best interests to ventilate and intubate her if she has a respiratory crisis, even though her condition has improved in the six months since he made the order.

Charlotte weighed less than 500 …
Multiple timescales of evolution
Authors: Jonathan Williams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Keller &amp; Miller's (K&amp;M's) treatment of disorders usefully avoids diagnostic minutiae; but it needs more real-world constraints. Classifying processes by their evolutionary age helps to clarify both evolution and current function. Evolutionarily old, optimised, normative processes deserve special recognition, because they can be studied in animals and computers, and because they provide the machinery through which disorder-related polymorphisms act.
KIDNEY INFECTION DUE TO MICROCOCCUS PHARYNGITIDIS-SICCAE
Authors: HERMAN L. KRETSCHMER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Infection of the upper urinary tract by<i>Micrococcus pharyngitidis-siccae</i>must be exceedingly rare, for, so far as we have been able to determine from the literature at our command, the occurrence of such an infection has never been reported. A case of acute, malignant, vegetative mitral endocarditis, due to this organism, has been recently reported by Schultz.<sup>1</sup> Lingelsheim<sup>2</sup>mentions this organism as one of those less frequently found in cultures from the nasopharynx in cases under examination during an epidemic of meningococcus meningitis, but his report does not state whether this diplococcus was found in cases actually diagnosed as meningitis. He makes no suggestion as to its being other than a saprophyte of the pharynx. According to Jordan,<sup>3</sup>this small, gram-negative coccus is found on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract; it grows at room temperature as well as at 37 C.; it forms white, firm,
Equipment design issues for the in vivo X-ray fluorescence analysis of bone lead.
Authors: B J Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Several groups have reported the development of systems, based on the principle of X-ray fluorescence, for the in vivo measurement of bone lead concentrations. These systems have used the detection of either the characteristic L or K X-rays resulting from excitation by a suitable photon source. This paper examines design issues related to the development of these systems. These design issues are, in most instances, a result of consideration of the physical principles involved, and hence there are many features common to the systems developed by the individual groups. Design issues discussed in this paper include the selection of the site for measurement, source-sample-detector configuration, and collimation. Specific examples from published work are used to demonstrate the relevant features.
Effects of reciprocal treatment with estrogen and estrogen plus parathyroid hormone on bone structure and strength in ovariectomized rats.
Authors: V Shen, R Birchman, R Xu, M Otter, D Wu, R Lindsay, D W Dempster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Intermittent administration of PTH has been found to be an effective anabolic agent in cancellous bone. We have reported previously that combined treatment with PTH and estrogen in estrogen-deficient rats was beneficial in correcting established osteopenia. To determine if the beneficial effects of PTH therapy can be preserved by estrogen alone and whether PTH therapy can be effective in treating osteopenic subjects stabilized with estrogen, we have undertaken a "crossover" study in the rat model of estrogen-deficiency induced osteopenia. Six-month-old female rats were ovariectomized and after 5 wk treated for 8 wk with vehicle, 30 micrograms/kg per day of rPTH(1-34) plus 15 micrograms/kg per day of 17 beta-estradiol or 17 beta-estradiol alone. One group from each treatment regimen was then sacrificed and for an additional 8 weeks the remaining rats were (a) maintained on their previous treatment; (b) "crossed over" to their reciprocal treatment; or (c) administered vehicle only. At the end of this second 8-wk treatment period all rats were sacrificed. Bone mineral density of the distal femur, histomorphometric measurements of the proximal tibia and mechanical testing of the distal femur and selected vertebral bodies were performed. Our results demonstrated that (a) the gains in bone mass, trabecular connectivity and mechanical strength induced by PTH can be maintained by estrogen alone, but are reversed when both agents are withdrawn; and (b) rats with established osteopenia, maintained on estrogen treatment alone, can derive the full beneficial effects from the addition of PTH to the treatment at a later date. These data indicate that combined and/or sequential use of antiresorptive and anabolic agents may be a promising approach to the treatment of osteoporosis.
Thiazides could achieve major cost savings in uncomplicated hypertension
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Greater use of thiazides in patients with uncomplicated hypertension and with no indication for other antihypertensive agents could result in major costs savings, according to a cost minimisation analysis.

The study, by researchers at the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, Oslo, estimated that millions of dollars could be saved each year if thiazides were prescribed for patients with hypertension instead of dearer drugs. They reviewed the number of people being treated for hypertension in six countries—Canada, France, Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and estimated the number who could be treated with thiazides.

By comparing this estimate with data …
Mycophenolate mofetil combined with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ameliorates murine lupus nephritis
Authors: Carla Zoja, Ariela Benigni, Marina Noris, Daniela Corna, Federica Casiraghi, Marcella Pagnoncelli, Daniela Rottoli, Mauro Abbate, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Kidney International (2001)