tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abundance and Location of the Small Heat Shock Proteins HSP25 and αB-Crystallin in Rat and Human Heart
Authors: Gudrun Lutsch, Roland Vetter, Ulrike Offhauss, Martin Wieske, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Roman Klemenz, Ingolf Schimke, Joachim Stahl, Rainer Benndorf
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In the heart, there are high constitutive levels of the two related small heat shock proteins, HSP25 and αB-crystallin. To gain insight into their functional role, we have analyzed abundance and location of both proteins in rat and human hearts at different stages of development and in diseased state. Methods and Results Immunoblotting analysis of rat ventricular tissue at fetal, neonatal, and adult stages reveals the level of HSP25 to decline strongly during development, whereas the level of αB-crystallin remains nearly constant. In parallel, the portion of phosphorylated isoforms of HSP25 decreases as shown by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HSP25 is detected in cardiomyocytes and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas αB-crystallin is detected in cardiomyocytes only by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Both proteins colocalize in the I-band and M-line region of myofibrils in cardiomyocytes. In diseased and transplanted adult human hearts, HSP25 and αB-crystallin levels are considerably elevated compared with fetal hearts. In failing adult human hearts, phosphorylated isoforms of HSP25 predominate, and cardiomyocytes with a partial dislocation of HSP25 and αB-crystallin are observed. Conclusions Differential accumulation and location of HSP25 and αB-crystallin in heart tissue during development imply distinct functions of both proteins, which seem to be involved in organization of cytoskeletal structures. As judged by level, phosphorylation state, and location of both small heat shock proteins, diseased adult human hearts share features with fetal hearts.
Choosing a negative pressure ventilation pump: are there any important differences?
Authors: IE Smith, MA King, JM Shneerson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Five negative pressure ventilator pumps were assessed to determine whether there were any differences in performance which were likely to be of clinical importance. The pumps tested were the NEV-100 (Lifecare Inc.), the Negavent Respirator DA-1 (Dima Italia), the Thompson Maxivent (Puritan Bennett), the CCP-001 and Newmarket pumps (Si-Plan Electronics Research Ltd). A patient model was employed to investigate the relationship between the pressure waveform of each pump and the tidal volume generated, the stability of performance on a continuous 8 h test, and the response to a change in leak. On the continuous tests, the stability was better than +/- 1% for the inspiratory/expiratory (I:E) ratio and rate, and better than +/- 10% for the peak negative pressure for all of the pumps. The Negavent and NEV-100 pumps generated a square wave of pressure and for the same peak negative pressure produced a tidal volume up to 30% greater than the CCP-001 and the Newmarket pumps, which produced a half sine wave. The Maxivent produced an intermediate waveform, with a plateau at peak negative pressure but a curved decay back to atmospheric pressure. It is argued that if the pressure of the pumps producing a half sine wave is made more negative to compensate and produce an equivalent tidal volume, they are more likely to induce upper airway obstruction. The leak compensation of the NEV-100 and Negavent pumps was nearly complete but took several breaths to develop, the CCP-001 and Newmarket pumps had a very rapid compensation but this was less complete, whilst the Maxivent has no mechanism for leak compensation. From these results, it seems that in patients liable to upper airway obstruction the NEV-100 and Negavent pumps would be advantageous, whilst when rapidly changing leaks impair the efficiency of negative pressure ventilation the CCP-001 and Newmarket pumps would be preferable. The Maxivent pump seems to offer no advantages.
Thrombotic risk factors in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: M. Wolf, C. Boyer-Neumann, F. Parent, V Eschwege, H. Jaillet, D Meyer, G Simonneau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Thrombotic lesions are consistently observed in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and frequently found in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). It remains unknown, however, whether thrombosis is related to defects of the antithrombotic pathway or to previous vascular injury. This study therefore analysed the frequency of both hereditary and acquired thrombotic risk factors in CTEPH and PPH. One hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients with CTEPH investigated in the author's institution were compared to 99 consecutive patients with PPH. In 116 CTEPH patients and 83 PPH patients, phospholipid-dependent antibodies (antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant) were analysed by both immunological and clotting assays. In patients enrolled since 1994 (46 CTEPH and 64 PPH), hereditary thrombotic risk factors were also determined. Antithrombin, protein C and protein S activities were measured by functional assays. Mutations of factor V and factor II were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of hereditary thrombotic risk factors was not increased in patients with either PPH or CTEPH. In contrast, a high frequency of phospholipid-dependent antibodies was observed in PPH (10%) and more notably in CTEPH (20%). Moreover, in PPH, antibodies were present only in low titre whereas in CTEPH, half of the patients with antiphospholipid antibodies had high titres. In addition, in CTEPH all but one of the patients with lupus anticoagulant also had antiphospholipid antibodies. The most striking finding of this study was the high prevalence of phospholipid-dependent antibodies but their clinical relevance appears to be different in primary pulmonary hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In primary pulmonary hypertension, these antibodies in low titre probably reflect endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension the presence of antibodies in high titre associated with lupus anticoagulant, underlines the role of thrombosis in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Interference of Iron with the Absorption of Tetracylines in Man
Authors: P. J. Neuvonen, G. Gothoni, R. Hackman, K. af Bjorksten
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Ferrous sulphate administered together with tetracycline and three of its derivatives—oxytetracycline, methacycline, and doxycycline—was found seriously to impair the absorption of these antibiotics. Thus even small doses of iron taken simultaneously should be avoided during tetracycline treatment.
Stromal Niche Cells Protect Early Leukemic FLT3-ITD+ Progenitor Cells against First-Generation FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Amanda Parmar, Stefanie Marz, Sally Rushton, Christina Holzwarth, Katarina Lind, Sabine Kayser, Konstanze Döhner, Christian Peschel, Robert A.J. Oostendorp, Katharina S. Götze
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Targeting constitutively activated FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 [(FLT3); FLT3-ITD] with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leads to clearance of blasts in the periphery but not in the bone marrow, suggesting a protective effect of the marrow niche on leukemic stem cells. In this study, we examined the effect of stromal niche cells on CD34(+) progenitors from patients with FLT3-ITD(+) or wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-WT) AML treated with the TKIs SU5614 or sorafenib. TKIs effectively and specifically inhibited FLT3 and increased the fraction of undivided progenitors in both FLT3-ITD(+) and FLT3-WT samples. Treatment with SU5614 and sorafenib also reduced the number of mature leukemic progenitors, whereas contact with stroma protected against this cell loss. In contrast, primitive long-term progenitors from both FLT3-ITD(+) and FLT3-WT AML were resistant to TKIs. Additional contact with niche cells significantly expanded long-term FLT3-ITD(+) but not FLT3-WT progenitors in the presence of SU5614 but not that of sorafenib. Thus, TKIs with first-generation inhibitors fail to eradicate early leukemic stem/progenitor cells in FLT3-ITD(+) AML. Further, we defined a specific interaction between FLT3-ITD(+) progenitors and niche cells that enables the maintenance of leukemic progenitors in the presence of TKI. Collectively, our findings suggest that molecular therapy may have unpredicted effects on leukemic progenitors, underscoring the necessity of developing strategies to selectively eliminate the malignant stem cell clone.
Incidental Bone Metastasis Seen on Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan with Technetium-99m Albumin Colloid
Authors: ROBERT L GORE, CALVIN B. DELAPLAIN, RICHARD E. STOTLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

By the use of sequential-dose injections of Tc-99m albumin colloid for detection of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, a photopenic defect was noted in a lumbar vertebral body. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated an area of increased uptake in the exact location of the photon-deficient defect.
Death in Defectives
Authors: J. M. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Accurately controlled termination of transcription is critical for gene expression and adaptation to changing environments. The aim of this study was to define transcription termination sites in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> at nucleotide resolution. To this end, we applied Term-seq to cultures of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and established that by far the most abundant mechanism of transcription termination is Rho-dependent. Moreover, we find that conditional or premature termination of transcription regulates a large proportion of genes and that this is often associated with translated upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Finally, our results show that overlapping ORFs are abundant in many cases in the absence of a recognisable Shine-Dalgarno sequence, indicating tightly coordinated/coupled translation. Our results provide a detailed image and comprehensive catalogue of novel <i>M. tuberculosis cis</i>-regulatory elements, where Rho-dependent conditional termination of transcription and translational coupling together play major roles in gene expression control.
Research into treatments for mental illness is under threat
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Scientists have called for urgent action after the abrupt withdrawal by drug companies from research into treatments for brain disorders.

In the past year a number of drug companies, including GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, have pulled out of neuroscience research in Europe because they see it as economically unviable. Furthermore, levels of European Union research funding into mental disorders and diseases of the brain have been low in comparison with private sector funding.

A report from the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, published this week, makes a number of recommendations. 

It calls for the regulatory process to be reviewed to encourage more and better trials in psychiatry and for incentives to be offered to drug companies, such as extending the life of patents on new drugs for brain disorders. …
High prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: J C Duclos-Vallee, C Johanet, J C Trinchet, P Deny, M F Laurent, F Duron, P Valensi, B Weil, J C Homberg, D Pateron, M Beaugrand
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Given the reports of thyroid dysfunction and various autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome in patients infected with hepatitis C virus,1, 2 we hypothesised a link between autoimmune thyroid disease, mainly Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and such infection. We looked for antibodies to hepatitis C virus in the serum of patients with thyroid disease.

We studied stored serum samples from 200 patients (190 women) with thyroid disease (simple goitre (n=50), Graves' disease (n=50), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=50) randomly selected from all patients seen at five centres between 1987 and 1992.

Thyroid function was assessed by standard radioimmunoassays for serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone. Receptor antibodies for thyroid stimulating hormone were detected with radioreceptor assay (Trak-asay, Henning Laboratories, Berlin). Serum antibodies to …
Elective Cesarean Delivery to Reduce the Transmission of HIV
Authors: Laura E. Riley, Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Each year in the United States 6000 to 7000 women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection give birth. Worldwide, about 2.3 million HIV-infected women give birth each year. The transmission of HIV from mother to child (vertical transmission) is dependent on a number of maternal, virologic, immunologic, and fetal factors. Although transmission may occur before birth or even after (through breast-feeding), approximately 70 percent of the cases of vertical transmission occur during labor and delivery. Efforts to prevent vertical transmission must reduce the risk throughout pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium. In the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) study 076, zidovudine therapy . . .
Human Neurons Derived From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a New Platform for Preclinical Drug Screening and Development
Authors: Fan Liao, David M. Holtzman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Lack of association of the G protein–coupled receptor for asthma susceptibility gene with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cilla Söderhäll, Ingo Marenholz, Renate Nickel, Christoph Grüber, Rainer Kehrt, Klaus Rohde, Rupino W. Griffioen, Paolo Meglio, Luigi Tarani, Dan Gustafsson, Ute Hoffmann, Bettina Gerstner, Sebastian Müller, Ulrich Wahn, Young-Ae Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Is it possible to exclude a diagnosis of myocardial damage within six hours of admission to an emergency department? Diagnostic cohort
Authors: K R Herren
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the clinical efficacy and accuracy of an emergency department based six hour rule-out protocol for myocardial damage. <b>Design:</b> Diagnostic cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Emergency department of an inner city university hospital. <b>Participants:</b> 383 consecutive patients aged over 25 years with chest pain of less than 12 hours9 duration who were at low to moderate risk of acute myocardial infarction. <b>Intervention:</b> Serial measurements of creatine kinase MB mass and continuous ST segment monitoring for six hours with 12 leads. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Performance of the diagnostic test against a gold standard consisting of either a 48 hour measurement of troponin T concentration or screening for myocardial infarction according to the World Health Organization9s criteria. <b>Results:</b> Outcome of the gold standard test was available for 292 patients. On the diagnostic test for the protocol, 53 patients had positive results and 239 patients had negative results. There were 18 false positive results and one false negative result. Sensitivity was 97.2% (95% confidence interval 95.0% to 99.0%), specificity 93.0% (90.0% to 96.0%), the negative predictive value 99.6%, and the positive predictive value 66.0%. The positive likelihood ratio was 13.9 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.03. <b>Conclusions:</b> The six hour rule-out protocol for myocardial infarction is accurate and efficacious. It can be used in patients presenting to emergency departments with chest pain indicating a low to moderate risk of myocardial infarction. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Many patients with chest pain in emergency departments indicating a low to moderate risk of myocardial infarction are admitted to rule out myocardial damage Some 6% of those discharged have undiagnosed myocardial damage <h3>What this study adds</h3> An emergency department based chest pain assessment unit protocol to rule out myocardial damage is sensitive enough to allow safe discharge of patients at low to moderate risk of myocardial infarction within six hours Such units can also reduce the number of patients admitted unnecessarily
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Cell-free Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sweta Rani, Aideen E Ryan, Matthew D Griffin, Thomas Ritter
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the ability to differentiate into several cell types, thus serving as a cell reservoir for regenerative medicine. Much of the current interest in therapeutic application of MSCs to various disease settings can be linked to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the key mechanisms of MSC anti-inflammatory effects is the secretion of soluble factors with paracrine actions. Recently it has emerged that the paracrine functions of MSCs could, at least in part, be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are predominantly released from the endosomal compartment and contain a cargo that includes miRNA, mRNA, and proteins from their cells of origin. Recent animal model-based studies suggest that EVs have significant potential as a novel alternative to whole cell therapies. Compared to their parent cells, EVs may have a superior safety profile and can be safely stored without losing function. In this article, we review current knowledge related to the potential use of MSC-derived EVs in various diseases and discuss the promising future for EVs as an alternative, cell-free therapy.
Excretion of HTLV-I in Saliva
Authors: Isao Miyoshi
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is known to be transmitted by blood transfusion, 1 breast feeding, 2 and sexual contact. 3 To explore the possible transmission of HTLV-I by kissing, we have examined saliva samples from healthy carriers and from patients with adult T-cell leukemia using the polymerase chain reaction technique.  Methods.  —Our study included three seropositive healthy persons (one man and two women) and three adult patients with T-cell leukemia (two men and one woman) aged 37 to 66 years.  Their serum antibody titers ranged from 1:40 to 1:1280 by indirect immunofluorescence. Two seronegative healthy men aged 30 years served as controls. Saliva samples (10 to 20 mL) were collected with the aid of chewing gum. Saliva cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline and used for DNA extraction. The polymerase chain reaction was performed under standard conditions 4 using oligonucleotide primer pairs
Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury Using Leukocyte-Targeted Contrast Echocardiography
Authors: Jonathan P. Christiansen, Howard Leong-Poi, Alexander L. Klibanov, Sanjiv Kaul, Jonathan R. Lindner
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — We hypothesized that myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with leukocyte-targeted microbubbles could temporally and spatially characterize the severity of postischemic myocardial inflammation. Methods and Results — In 9 open-chest dogs, either the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes (n=6), while the remaining dogs served as non-ischemic controls. During occlusion, MCE was performed to determine the risk area (RA) and regions supplied by collateral flow. Myocardial inflammation was assessed 5, 60, and 120 minutes after reflow by MCE imaging of leukocyte-targeted (phosphatidylserine-containing) lipid microbubbles. The spatial extent and severity of inflammation were also assessed by radionuclide imaging of the neutrophil-avid tracer 99m TcRP517 and tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Early after reflow, MCE detected inflammation throughout the entire risk area, the extent of which decreased over time due to reduced signal in collateral-supplied regions. The spatial extent of inflammation late after reflow was similar for MCE and radionuclide imaging. The severity of inflammation in the infarct zone, the noninfarcted risk area, and collateral-supplied territories determined by quantitative MCE correlated well with myeloperoxidase activity ( r =0.81). Conclusions — MCE with leukocyte-targeted microbubbles can temporally assess the severity and extent of postischemic myocardial inflammation and could be used to evaluate new treatment strategies designed to limit inflammation in acute coronary syndromes.
Further Evidence for a Critical Vessel Caliber in Experimental Coronary Shock
Authors: HOWARD I. JACOBS, VICTOR ROSEN, CLARENCE M. AGRESS
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

New experiments confirm previous observations that production of protracted coronary shock in the closed-chest dog following microsphere embolization is a critical function of the embolus size. The vessels occluded by the critical emboli have been located by a plastic coronary injection-tissue corrosion technic, and a definite relationship has been demonstrated between vessel caliber and anatomic type, in a dog heart, for the gradient from epicardium through endocardium.
EVALUATION OF RENAL-PANCREAS TRANSPLANT USING Tc-99m MAG-3 SCINTIGRAPHY AND DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
Authors: F. Cesani-Vazquez, S. A. Ali, H. Singh, C. Nolsoe, E. G. Briscoe, J. Villanueva-Meyer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Cesani-Vazquez, F.; Ali, S. A.; Singh, H.; Nolsoe, C.; Briscoe, E. G.; Villanueva-Meyer, J. Author Information