tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Pten in mouse brain causes seizures, ataxia and defects in soma size resembling Lhermitte-Duclos disease
Authors: Stéphanie A. Backman, Vuk Stambolic, Akira Suzuki, Jillian Haight, Andrew Elia, James Pretorius, Ming-Sound Tsao, Patrick Shannon, Brad Bolon, Gwen O. Ivy, Tak W. Mak
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Genome Analysis Yields Mutations Linked to Hereditary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Somatic Disorders of Functional Origin
Authors: S. Katzenelbogen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 February 1932Somatic Disorders of Functional OriginS. KATZENELBOGEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.S. KATZENELBOGEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-8-1017 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSomatic disorders of functional origin present quite a common problem in general medicine as well as in any of its special branches. In dealing with this subject one question immediately arises: Is it possible, or is one altogether justified in drawing a hard-and-fast line between "functional," so-called, and "organic"? Those "organicists" who believe in such a clean-cut demarcation, who are trained to think in terms of lesions exclusively, and to whom therefore complaints and even objective disorders have a meaning only when they can be reasonably explained by a detectable organic alteration, would do well to remember the following facts:... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md.*Presented at the Fifteenth Annual Clinical Session of The American College of Physicians, March 25th, 1931, Baltimore, Md.†From The Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic (Department of Internal Medicine) Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPsychoanalytic observations in cardiac disorders 1 February 1932Volume 5, Issue 8Page: 1017-1021KeywordsHospital medicineLesions Issue Published: 1 February 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cluster Randomized Trials
Authors: William J. Meurer, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Sometimes a new treatment is best introduced to an entire group of patients rather than to individual patients. Examples include when the new approach requires procedures be followed by multiple members of a health care team or when the new technique is applied to the environment of care (eg, a method for cleaning a hospital room before it is known which patient will be assigned the room). This avoids confusion that could occur if all caregivers had to keep track of which patients were being treated the old way and which were being treated the newway. One approach to evaluate the efficacy of such treatments— treatments for which the application typically involves changes at the level of the health care practice, hospital unit, or even health care system—is to conduct a cluster randomized trial. In a cluster randomized trial, study participants are randomized in groups or clusters so that all members within a single group are assigned to either the experimental intervention or the control.1,2 This contrasts with the more familiar randomized clinical trial (RCT) in which randomization occurs at the level of the individual participant, and the treatment assigned to one study participant is essentially independent of the treatment assigned to any other. In a cluster randomized trial, the cluster is the unit randomized, whereas in a traditional RCT, the individual study participant is randomized. In both types of trials, however, the outcomes of interest are recorded for each participant individually. Although there are both theoretical and pragmatic reasons for using cluster randomization in a clinical trial, doing so introduces a fundamental challenge to those analyzing and interpreting the results of the trial: study participants from the same cluster (eg, patients treated within the same medical practice or hospital unit) tend to be more similar to each other than participants from different clusters.2 This nearly universal fact violates a common assumption of most statistical tests, namely, that individual observations are independent of each other. To obtain valid results, a cluster randomized trial must be analyzed using statistical methods that account for the greater similarity between individual participants from the same cluster compared with those from different clusters.2-4 In a recent JAMA article, Curley et al5 reported the results of RESTORE, a cluster randomized clinical trial evaluating a nurseimplemented, goal-directed sedation protocol for children with acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care setting, comparing this approach with usual care. The trial evaluated the primary hypothesis that the intervention group—patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) using the goal-directed sedation protocol—would have a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. Thirty-one pediatric ICUs, the “clusters,” were randomized to either implement the goal-directed sedation protocol or continue their usual care practices. Use of theMethod
The Products of Pyrolysis of Cholesterol at 360°C. and Their Relation to Carcinogens
Authors: Hans L. Falk, Sam Goldfein, Paul E. Steiner
Journal: Cancer Research (1949)

Summary  The products formed by pyrolysis of cholesterol at 360°C. were separated and the following compounds were identified; cholestenone, dicholesteryl ether, 3,5-cholestadiene, the naphthalene derivative of cholesterol, the phenanthrene derivative of cholesterol, methylcyclopentenophenanthrene, and chrysene.  Except for cholestenone all of these products are intermediates in the transformation of cholesterol to methylcholanthrene. The latter compound was not found because instead of cyclization of the sidechain a break occurred at the C 17  position. The dehydration and dehydrogenation of the ring system occurred but the last step, cyclization of the sidechain, did not.  Six compounds whose degree of carcinogenic activity is unknown or uncertain were obtained. These include the saturated hydrocarbons cholestane and coprostane, the naphthalene derivative of cholesterol, the phenanthrene derivative of cholesterol, methylcyclopentenophenanthrene, the chrysene derivative, and the ketonic products. Tests for carcinogenicity of these products are under way.
Deficiency of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane glycoproteins of leukocytes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, description of a new diagnostic cytofluorometric assay
Authors: CE van der Schoot, TW Huizinga, ET van 't Veer-Korthof, R Wijmans, J Pinkster, AE von dem Borne
Journal: Blood (1990)
In Vitro reconstitution of human mismatch repair and identification of a novel mismatch excision-stimulatory factor
Authors: Guo-Min Li, Yanbin Zhang, Fenghua Yuan, Steven Presnell, Keli Tian, Yin Gao, Daojing Wang, Liya Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3346 

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and defects in this system are the pathological basis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and other sporadic cancers with microsatellite instability. However, the molecular mechanism of human MMR is not fully understood. We report here the reconstitution of 5’ nick-directed MMR reaction using purified human proteins. The reconstituted system includes MutSα (MSH2/MSH6) or MutSβ (MSH2/MSH3), MutLα (MLH1/PMS2), RPA, EXO1, HMGB1, PCNA, RFC, DNA polymerase δ, and DNA ligase I. In this system, MutSβ plays a limited role in repair of base-base mismatches, but it processes insertion/deletion mispairs much more efficiently than MutSα, which efficiently corrects both types of heteroduplexes. MutLα reduces the processivity of EXO1 and terminates EXO1-catalyzed excision upon mismatch removal. In the absence of MutLα, mismatch-provoked excision by EXO1 occurs extensively. RPA and HMGB1 play similar but complementary roles in stimulating MutSα-activated, EXO1-catalyzed excision in the presence of a mismatch, but RPA has a distinct role by facilitating MutLα-mediated excision termination past mismatch. Evidence is provided that efficient repair of a single mismatch requires multiple molecules of MutSα-MutLα complex. These data suggest a model for human mismatch repair involving coordinated initiation and termination of mismatch-provoked excision. Given the fact that at least four exonucleases are involved in E. coli mismatch excision, we hypothesize that multiple exonucleases are involved in human mismatch repair. We have indeed identified a novel 5’-3’ mismatch excision activity. Unlike EXO1, the 5’-3’ excision activity is dependent on PCNA for its function. Extensive chromatography revealed that this excision activity contains an exonuclease and a nuclease-stimulatory factor, both of which are indispensable for efficient 5’ nick-directed repair. The stimulating activity was purified to near homogeneity, and appears to co-purify a heterotrimer consisting of 70-kDa, 36-kDa, and 30-kDa polypeptides. We are in the process of revealing the identity of the stimulating factor by mass spectrometry, and purifying and identifying the nuclease activity.
Integrative genomic analysis identify novel oncogenes in breast cancer
Authors: Zeng-Quan Yang, Alan Dombkowski, Katie Streicher, Michael Ray, Stephen Ethier
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4192 

High-resolution genome-wide mapping of chromosomal alterations in breast cancer should facilitate the localization and identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor. We have used Agilent oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to profile copy number alternations in 7 SUM breast cancer cell lines. Upon comparison with previous chromosome CGH and BAC array CGH data in the same 7 cell lines, 50 Kb-resolution oligonucleotide array CGH allowed us to identify regional gains and losses including 8p11-12, 17q12 (ErbB2) amplicon and 9p21 (p16) deletion, but with much finer definition. Our array CGH analysis also detected numerous previously unrecognized localized DNA amplification and deletions in these cell lines. High-level amplification and presumptive homozygous deletions were identified in multiple regions such as amplicons at 9q33 (1.1 Mb), 16q12 (3Mb) and 22q13 (0.5Mb), and deletions at 13q13 (0.3Mb), 22q11(0.2Mb), Xq22(2.1Mb). Interestingly, separate amplicons interrupted by nonamplified segments at 10q26 (FGFR1) and 17q11-21(ErbB2) were also identified in the SUM-52 and SUM-190 cell lines. To define the subset of amplified and deleted genes with correspondingly altered expression, these cell lines were analyzed with global expression profiling using Affymetrix Human U133A arrays. The data suggest that regions with high-level amplifications seen by array CGH frequently contain genes that are also overexpressed at the mRNA level, including RALGPS1 and ZNF297B (9q33), CUZD1and ACADSB (10q26), CPD and GOSR1(17q11), ZBED4 at 22q13 and others. Therefore, high resolution array CGH analysis of breast cancer genomes detects more alternations in breast cancer than conventional technology, including both known and novel regions. Integration of gene expression analysis and genomic profiles will identify candidate genes relevant to breast cancer.
Accuracy of Matching Optic Discs with Visual Fields
Authors: Josine van der Schoot, Nicolaas J. Reus, David F. Garway-Heath, Ville Saarela, Alfonso Anton, Alain M. Bron, Christoph Faschinger, Gábor Holló, Michele Iester, Jost B. Jonas, Fotis Topouzis, Thierry G. Zeyen, Hans G. Lemij
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Recombinant allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy: 10 years anniversary of immunotherapy with recombinant allergens
Authors: R. Valenta, B. Linhart, I. Swoboda, V. Niederberger
Journal: Allergy (2011)

To cite this article: Valenta R, Linhart B, Swoboda I, Niederberger V. Recombinant allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy: 10 years anniversary of immunotherapy with recombinant allergens. Allergy 2011; 66: 775–783. Abstract The broad applicability of allergen-specific immunotherapy for the treatment and eventually prevention of IgE-mediated allergy is limited by the poor quality and allergenic activity of natural allergen extracts that are used for the production of current allergy vaccines. Today, the genetic code of the most important allergens has been deciphered; recombinant allergens equalling their natural counterparts have been produced for diagnosis and immunotherapy, and a large panel of genetically modified allergens with reduced allergenic activity has been characterized to improve safety of immunotherapy and explore allergen-specific prevention strategies. Successful immunotherapy studies have been performed with recombinant allergens and hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and will lead to the registration of the first recombinant allergen-based vaccines in the near future. There is no doubt that recombinant allergen-based vaccination strategies will be generally applicable to most allergen sources, including respiratory, food and venom allergens and allow to produce safe allergy vaccines for the treatment of the most common forms of IgE-mediated allergies.
Abstract 13051: A Lin28-let-7 Axis Modulates Adaptation of the Myocardium to Ischemia
Authors: Shaurya Joshi, Jian Qin Wei, Nanette H Bishopric
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The RNA binding protein Lin28 and microRNA-let-7 each regulate glucose metabolism, tissue repair and pluripotency; however, their roles in cardiac adaptation to ischemia are unknown. Methods and Results: miR-let-7c was significantly downregulated in myocardium of mice following a 2 hour coronary occlusion, compared to sham-operated controls (0.69 fold, p&lt;0.05). In parallel, Lin28 protein was induced in the ischemic myocardium compared to adjacent non-ischemic tissue (~2.0-fold, p&lt;0.05). Consistent with this, mature but not precursor forms of miR-let-7c were downregulated (0.7 fold, p&lt;0.05) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) during both hypoxia and hypoxia with glucose depletion, but not in similarly treated fibroblasts, together with a time-dependent 6-fold increase in Lin28 protein compared to normoxic controls. mRNA levels of Lin28 were also increased, but less strikingly (2.2 fold vs normoxia control, p&lt;0.05). Ischemia induced acetylation of Lin28, both in vivo and in NRVMs that was potentiated by the non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A, suggesting that Lin28 is post-translationally stabilized. Mechanistically, transduction of NRVM with a let-7g lentiviral expression vector rescued let-7 levels, prevented ischemia-induced myocyte death and caspase activation, and promoted phosphorylation and activation of Stat3. Knockdown of the let-7 family in hypoxic NRVMs using a sponge vector containing 6 let-7 binding sites derepressed predicted target genes Bcl2l1, DUSP1, INSR, Ras at both mRNA and protein levels and depressed STAT3 phosphorylation. Using PAR-CLIP, in which the RISC complex is crosslinked to its target transcripts, we observed direct let-7 targeting of Lin28A in cardiac myocytes. Conclusion: During ischemic stress, let-7 is post-transcriptionally downregulated in a myocyte-specific manner through the ischemia-mediated induction of its repressor, Lin28. Induction of Lin28 occurs through transcriptional induction as well as post-translational acetylation and stabilization. This Lin28-let-7 axis constitutes a bidirectional feedback loop that directly and indirectly regulates signaling cascades of known importance to myocardial adaption to ischemic stress.
Abstract 17961: A Dual PI3K-mTOR Inhibitor Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Xinhua Yan, Jillian Onufrak, Yongyao Yang, Juyong Lee, John Fuseler, Maoyun Sun, Sharath Sasi, J. Tyson Mcdonald, Lynn Hlatky, Robert L Price, Joseph Carrozza, David Goukassian, Thomas K Borg, James Morgan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Studies from us and others have shown that mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of a dominant negative PI3Kp110α had smaller hearts but maintained normal cardiac function. Yet, these mice developed systolic heart failure in the presence of cardiac stress, such as doxorubicin and aortic stenosis. Currently, drugs targeting the PI3K pathway are being tested in clinical trials for cancer therapy. Therefore, it is important to assess the cardiac effects of pharmacological inhibition of this pathway. Here, we show that a dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235 (BEZ), induced cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure in mice when it was used alone or in combination with chemotherapy drug doxorubicin. This effect of BEZ was associated with increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased activation of the IGFR/insulin receptor (IR) in the heart. In isolated cardiomyocytes, BEZ induced feedback activation of IGFR/IR, but this effect was negligible compared to the IGFR/IR...
A sporadic patient with acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf and a novel <i>ATP2A2</i> mutation
Authors: D.R. Berk, J.M. Taube, A.L. Bruckner, A.T. Lane
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article A sporadic patient with acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf and a novel ATP2A2 mutation Get access D.R. Berk, D.R. Berk Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8123, 4921 Parkview Place, St Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, MO, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Taube, J.M. Taube Departments of Pathology, and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.L. Bruckner, A.L. Bruckner Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. E‐mail: dberk@dom.wust.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.T. Lane A.T. Lane Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. E‐mail: dberk@dom.wust.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 3, 1 September 2010, Pages 653–654, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09876.x Published: 01 September 2010
Differential expression analysis of balding and nonbalding dermal papilla microRNAs in male pattern baldness with a microRNA amplification profiling method
Authors: H.R. Goodarzi, A. Abbasi, M. Saffari, M. Fazelzadeh Haghighi, M.B. Tabei, M.R. Noori Daloii
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Background Male pattern baldness or androgenetic alopecia is a common disorder affecting almost 50% of men throughout their lifetime, with androgens and genetics having significant contributing aetiologies. In contrast to the positive regulatory effect of androgens on body hair growth, they are thought to alter scalp hair follicle behaviour pathophysiologically, leading to male pattern baldness. However, the exact mechanisms of this paradoxical action have not yet been elucidated. The role of microRNAs, a novel group of noncoding RNAs impacting almost every aspect of biology, health and human diseases, has been documented in hair follicle formation. In addition, their deregulation in cancer of the prostate, a target organ of androgens, has also been well established. Objectives To investigate the possible contribution of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of male pattern baldness. Methods We initially screened microRNA expression profiles of balding and nonbalding hair follicle papillae with a sensitive microRNA cloning method, microRNA amplification profiling, and statistically analysed significant differentially expressed microRNAs in balding relative to nonbalding dermal papillae, with real-time polymerase chain reaction as a confirmatory method to quantify expression in eight individuals affected with the disorder. Results We detected the significant upregulation of miR-221, miR-125b, miR-106a and miR-410 in balding papilla cells. Conclusions We found four microRNAs that could participate in the pathogenesis of male pattern baldness. Regarding the strong therapeutic potential of microRNAs and the easy accessibility of hair follicles for gene therapy, microRNAs are possible candidates for a new generation of revolutionary treatments.
Book: The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Thomas Dormandy Thomas Dormandy Hambledon Press, £25, pp 448 ISBN 1 85285 169 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> As I read this book, I have been asking some of my older patients to describe their memories of consumption. They paint a picture of silent terror. A young child develops the disease at the end of a terrace of houses, then a brother contracts it, and his friend three doors down is the next victim. In Ireland in the 1940s, you watched and waited while the white plague went about its deadly work. In the 1950s a workmate might disappear … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Abstract 20948: Comparison of Bare-Metal Stents and Drug Eluting Stents for Bifurcation Coronary Lesions: Findings from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry.
Authors: Samip Vasaiwala, Faith Selzer, Helen Vlachos, Suresh Mulukutla, Oscar Marroquin, Dawn J Abbott, David O Williams
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Bifurcation lesions (BL) have been associated with increased rates of lesion recurrence and untoward events. Whether drug-eluting stents (DES) provide a benefit over bare-metal stents (...
Phase 3 study comparing methotrexate and tacrolimus with methotrexate and cyclosporine for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease after marrow transplantation from unrelated donors.
Authors: Richard A. Nash, Joseph H. Antin, Chatchada Karanes, Joseph W. Fay, Belinda R. Avalos, Andrew M. Yeager, Donna Przepiorka, Stella Davies, Finn B. Petersen, Pamela Bartels, Donald Buell, William Fitzsimmons, Claudio Anasetti, Rainer Storb, Voravit Ratanatharathorn
Journal: Blood (2000)