tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF TREATMENT ON BONE LESIONS IN CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
Authors: GEORGE FRED SUTHERLAND
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The most common and characteristic bone change found in the syphilitic fetus and in the new-born infant is osteochondritis syphilitica, first described by Wegner<sup>1</sup>in 1870. The findings of Wegner were later confirmed by Waldeyer and Köbner, Parrot, Birch-Hirschfeld and others. The frequency with which this change is found by various observers varies from 70 per cent. (Awsitidijski) to 93.4 per cent.<sup>2</sup>In roentgenographic examination of 100 supposedly normal infants, Shipley<sup>3</sup>and his co-workers found fifteen with advanced syphilitic osteochondritis, ten with less marked signs of syphilitic involvement, and twenty-one with changes from the normal which strongly suggested syphilis. Thoenes,<sub>4</sub>in a series of forty cases of congenital syphilis, found some signs of osteochondritis in thirty. In two of the cases there were, in addition, periosteal changes. Osteochondritis has always been regarded as of intra-uterine origin. Taylor's contention that it might occur in very early acquired
Efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibition with milrinone in combination with converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure
Authors: Wilson S. Colucci, Edmund H. Sonnenblick, Kirkwood F. Adams, Martin Berk, Susan C. Brozena, Allan J. Cowley, James M. Grabicki, Spencer A. Kubo, Thierry LeJemtel, William A. Littler, Ralph Shabetai, James Shannon, Mark R. Starling, Robert C. Touchon, Alan G. Wasserman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
An Outline of Thoracic Surgery for Medical Students
Authors: Paul C. Adkins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This monograph is a compilation of five lectures that the author gave to the Western Reserve University medical students. The title is misleading and might better be "Lectures on Selected Topics in Thoracic Surgery" since many major areas are not covered. The emphasis rests on the mechanism of disease processes and is designed to stimulate the students to do more extensive reading on the subject. Self-help questions at the end of each chapter will enable the reader to grasp the fundamentals. The discussion of certain subjects is detailed, particularly the pathophysiology of chest injuries, extracorporeal support of the failing circulation, and hiatal hernias, and these reflect the particular interests of the author. The chapters on congenital and acquired heart disease are quite superficial, and esophageal diseases other than hiatal hernia are omitted completely. As such, the book cannot be considered a definitive guide for the medical student in the field
Yaws
Authors: Lola V. Stamm
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
An Epidemic of Polymer-Fume Fever
Authors: Charles E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An epidemic of polymer-fume fever involved 36 of 61 employees in one industry over a 90-day period. All of those involved demonstrated the classic history of an influenza-like syndrome, with fever and chills occuring several hours after exposure to the products of pyrolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). The majority of cases resulted from the smoking of cigarettes which were contaminated with a fine dust of this material. A study of pulmonary function of all workers involved demonstrated changes that could be accounted for only on the basis of smoking habits. Three persons experienced changes in pulmonary function consistant with mild obstruction of the airways, in association with the onset of symptoms. While no serious consequences were observed, the effects of these illnesses upon the health and productivity of the group could have been prevented.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors promote cholesterol-dependent Akt/PKB translocation to membrane domains in endothelial cells
Authors: A Skaletz-Rorowski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Recent results have shown that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors referred to as statins rapidly activate the protein kinase Akt/PKB in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial precursor cells (EPCs). This pathway is critical for cellular responses that contribute to angiogenesis and EC function including nitric oxide production, cellular survival and migration.Here we tested whether statins control the translocation of recombinant and endogenous Akt to the plasma membrane of endothelial cells in a cholesterol-dependent manner.Low doses of statins rapidly induce the translocation of Akt to discrete sites in endothelial cell plasma membrane that colocalize with F-actin-positive, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-negative lamellipodia and filopodia. This translocation event requires the lipid-binding, pleckstrin homology domain of Akt. Treatment with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitors or the HMG-CoA reductase reaction product L-mevalonate blocks the translocation of Akt in response to statin stimulation. Furthermore, the ability of statins to promote Akt activation and translocation to the membrane is inhibited by cholesterol delivery to cells, but cholesterol loading had no effect on VEGF-induced Akt activation.These results suggest that statin activation of Akt signaling is mediated by the translocation of Akt to cholesterol-sensitive membrane structures within activated ECs.
Speeding new antibiotics to market: a fake fix?
Authors: P. Doshi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Antibiotic development may finally be picking up pace, with 11 new drugs approved in the past decade, four in 2014 alone, with the help of new legislation. But in this first installment of a series on antibiotics, <b>Peter Doshi</b> asks why authorities are approving drugs with little evidence they do anything to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance
Could we please lose the mapping metaphor, please?
Authors: Michael Tomasello
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Although Bloom gives more credit to social cognition (mind reading) than do most other theorists of word learning, he does not go far enough. He still relies fundamentally on a learning process of association (or mapping), neglecting the joint attentional and cultural learning skills from which linguistic communication emerges at one year of age.
Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Biykem Bozkurt, Flordeliza S Villaneuva, Richard Holubkov, Tammy Tokarczyk, René J Alvarez, Guy A MacGowan, Srinivas Murali, Warren D Rosenblum, Arthur M Feldman, Dennis M McNamara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Load regulation of the properties of adult feline cardiocytes. The role of substrate adhesion.
Authors: G Cooper, W E Mercer, J K Hoober, P R Gordon, R L Kent, I K Lauva, T A Marino
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

We have recently described rapid and reversible changes in cardiac structure, function, and composition in response to surgical load alteration in vivo. In the present study, we used a simple, well-defined in vitro experimental model system, consisting of terminally differentiated quiescent adult cat ventricular cardiocytes maintained in serum-free culture medium, to assess more definitively the role of loading conditions in regulating these same biological properties of heart muscle. Cardiocytes considered to be externally loaded were adherent throughout their length to a protein substrate, such that the tendency for the ends of the cells to retract was prevented. Cardiocytes considered to be unloaded were not adherent to a substrate and, thus, were free to assume a spherical shape. Cardiocyte structure and surface area were assessed, in initially identified cells, both by serial light microscopy and by terminal electron microscopy. Cardiocyte function was assessed in terms of the ability to exclude trypan blue, to remain quiescent with relaxed sarcomeres containing I-bands, and to shorten in response to electrical stimulation. Cardiocyte composition was first assessed by quantitative gel electrophoresis of proteins and then by microfluorimetric measurement of ribonucleic acid, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid. In addition, cardiocyte incorporation of [3H]thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid and [3H]uridine into ribonucleic acid were measured. Loading via substrate adhesion was found to be very effective in terms of each of these measurements in retaining the differentiated features of adult cardiocytes for up to 2 weeks in culture; unattached and thus unloaded cardiocytes quickly dedifferentiated. Conditions thought to stimulate cardiac growth, including catecholamine stimulation, were found to be ineffective. These experiments demonstrate that external load has a primary role in the maintenance of the basic differentiated properties of adult mammalian cardiocytes.
P976 RETREATMENT WITH TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (TACE): THE ABCR SCORE, AN AID TO THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Authors: X. Adhoute, G. Penaranda, J.-L. Raoul, J.-P. Bronowicki, P. Castellani, H. Perrier, O. Monnet, O. Bayle, P. Beaurain, B. Pol, C. Bazin, S. Naude, V. Oules, G. Lefolgoc, M. Bourliere
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
An Alternative Approach to Determining Therapeutic Choices in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC): Maximizing the Diagnostic Procedure and the Use of Low-Volume Lung Biopsies
Authors: Elaine H. Lim, Shen-Li Zhang, Kun Yu, Min-En Nga, Dokeu A. Ahmed, Thirugananam Agasthian, Poo-Sing Wong, Gim-Chuah Chua, Daniel Wong, Lenny Tan, Kar-Yin Seto, Wee-See Yap, Seow-Ping Low, Kay-Leong Khoo, Alex Chang, Alan Ng, Patrick Tan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
HLA Class I Antigen Down-regulation in Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lesions as a Poor Prognostic Marker
Authors: Takeshi Ogino, Hiroshi Shigyo, Hideyuki Ishii, Akihiro Katayama, Naoyuki Miyokawa, Yasuaki Harabuchi, Soldano Ferrone
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract We have investigated the role of antigen-processing machinery (APM) component defects in HLA class I antigen down-regulation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions and assessed the clinical significance of these defects. To this end, 63 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor lesions were examined for APM component and HLA class I antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. Calnexin, calreticulin, and ERp57 were down-regulated in ∼25% of the lesions tested, whereas LMP2, TAP1, tapasin, and HLA class I antigens were down-regulated in at least 70% of the lesions tested. LMP2 and tapasin expression was significantly correlated with HLA class I antigen expression suggesting APM component defects as a mechanism underlying HLA class I antigen down-regulation in laryngeal SCC lesions. The expression of most APM components and HLA class I antigens was correlated with the extent of CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumor lesions. Furthermore, LMP2 and HLA class I antigen down-regulation and low CD8+ T cell infiltration were significantly associated with reduced patients' survival. Multivariate analysis identified HLA class I antigen down-regulation as an independent unfavorable prognostic marker. This association is likely to reflect the reduction in the extent of CD8+ T cell infiltration in laryngeal SCC lesions. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9281-9)
MEDICAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Authors: S. Vincent
Journal: BMJ (1920)

Officers in category (a) would be liable to recall to military duty in an ordinary emergency, and 4h6se in (b) only in a- greater emergenev.Officers in category (a) and (b) should be required to.keep up their military training byvperiodical return to duty with troops; a period of tlhree mouths everv three y-ears is suggested.
Indications, Outcomes, and Provider Volumes for Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Randall D. Cebul
Journal: JAMA (1998)

While trials have demonstrated that carotid endarterectomy is superior to best medical therapy, most recently among asymptomatic patients, uses and outcomes of the procedure in more representative settings have not been established.To profile the use and outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in a representative sample of Ohio's Medicare beneficiaries and to examine the relationships between provider-specific procedural volumes and patient outcomes.Retrospective cohort using Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files supplemented by detailed reviews of medical records on a random sample of patients.Ohio hospitals performing carotid endarterectomy.A random sample of 678 charts of the 4120 non-health maintenance organization Medicare beneficiaries who underwent carotid endarterectomy between July 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994.Nonfatal stroke or death within 30 days of surgery.The reviewed patients were similar to all eligible patients in sociodemographic characteristics and 30-day mortality rates. Among the 678 patients, indications for surgery were asymptomatic carotid stenosis in 167 (24.6%), transient ischemic attack in 294 (43.4%), completed stroke in 62 (9.1%), and nonspecific symptoms in 155 (22.9%). Thirty-two patients (4.7%) died or suffered nonfatal strokes by 30 days postoperatively. In univariate analyses, rates varied by hospital volume (P=.004) but not surgeons' volume (P=.47), although power to detect this difference was limited. Patients at higher- and lower-volume hospitals had similar indications and distributions of comorbidities. In analyses controlling for indications, comorbid conditions, and surgeon's volume, being operated on in a higher-volume hospital conferred a 71% reduction in risk for 30-day stroke or death (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.69; P=.006).Almost half (47.5%) of the carotid endarterectomies among Ohio's Medicare population are performed on persons who are asymptomatic or who have nonspecific symptoms. These results highlight the importance of identifying patients and providers having the most favorable outcome profiles. The higher rate of adverse outcomes observed in lower-volume hospitals deserves further investigation, as it does not appear to be due to differences in patient selection.
Bovine Antigens and the Formation of Circulating Immune Complexes in Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency
Authors: Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Werner E. Brandeis, Robert A. Good, Noorbibi K. Day
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have shown that levels of circulating immune complexes are closely associated with the presence of precipitating antibodies to bovine milk proteins in individuals with selective immunoglobin (Ig)A deficiency. To test whether milk proteins are involved in immune complex formation, sera of seven IgA-deficient individuals were studied for the appearance of complexes after milk ingestion. In three of the seven, an initial fall in the level of complexes was followed by an increasing value, which peaked at 120-150 min. In another three, there was a tendency toward the formation of two peaks of complexes, the first at 30-60 min and the second at 120-150 min after drinking milk. One subject, who had had recent treatment for two separate neoplasms, had a steady level of complexes that did not change during the course of this test. After drinking milk, the molecular weight of the complexes found in the sera of one individual at the start of the milk test fell from >19S to 7-11S, and in vitro additions of progressively increasing amounts of a mixture of milk proteins or bovine gamma globulin, to sera that contained complexes produced a progressive reduction in the level of complexes detectable. We conclude that the circulating immune complexes found in some patients who lack IgA contain bovine milk proteins and that periodic fluctuation of the molecular weight of such complexes, depending upon antigen ingestion, appears likely. It remains uncertain what effect the chronic circulation of complexes has upon the clinical state of this group of patients.
Promoting attachment, providing memories
Authors: B. Stenson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dear mummy

I am really glad that you are my mummy because you sound, feel, and smell really nice. I am looking forward to be held in your arms properly and when I get a bit older I'll be able to focus on you and see how beautiful you are. That's what Dad says anyway and I believe him. Thank you for looking after me when I was on the inside—I felt really good in there—but I just couldn't wait to come out and see you. I know you have both been really worried about me in the last few days but I think I am feeling a little better now—hang in there Mum cos I'm hanging in there for you. I love you lots Mummy.

Emma

Dear Mummy and Daddy

Well that's the first day out of the way. I now have a long line in. What it means is I can have more food to make me fatter as I am a wee baby. I have got this bright light in my incubator because I am a wee bit jaundiced but under this light and under my bubble wrap hiding in my incubator I feel like the crown jewels. I was really chuffed you came up to …
Reduction in hospital readmission stay of elderly patients by a community based hospital discharge scheme: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: J. Townsend, M. Piper, A. O. Frank, S. Dyer, W. R. North, T. W. Meade
Journal: BMJ (1988)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare a community support scheme using care attendants with standard aftercare for their effects on independence and morale of elderly patients discharged from hospital and on their use of health and social services. DESIGN--Randomised controlled study of cohort of patients over 75 discharged to their own homes. SETTING--District general hospital and community. PATIENTS--Total of 903 patients (mean age 82, 25% over 85). INTERVENTIONS--Total of 464 patients received support from care attendants on first day at home and for up to 12 hours a week for two weeks. Support comprised practical care, help with rehabilitation, and organising social help. The remaining 439 patients received standard aftercare. END POINT--Difference between two groups of 7% in hospital readmission rates or one point on activities of daily living scale (power 80%, significance level 5%). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Three months after the initial discharge 763 patients were interviewed (84%). There were no significant differences between the two groups in physical independence (activities of daily living scale), in measures of morale (Philadelphia scale), or in death rates. Hospital readmission rates within 18 months of discharge, however, were significantly higher in the control group and they spent more days in hospital (mean; control group 30.6 days, support group 17.1 days; p = 0.014). Of the patients living alone who were followed up for 18 months 21 (15%) receiving standard aftercare were readmitted more than twice compared with 6 (5%) supported by care attendants (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--If the findings are confirmed, and the policy extended to all patients over the age of 75 living alone, an average health district might expect either to save about 23 hospital beds at a net annual saving of about pounds 220,000 in the short term or to increase available beds by this number.
Adverse reactions to vaccines practice parameter 2012 update
Authors: John M. Kelso, Matthew J. Greenhawt, James T. Li, Richard A. Nicklas, David I. Bernstein, Joann Blessing-Moore, Linda Cox, David Khan, David M. Lang, John Oppenheimer, Jay M. Portnoy, Christopher R. Randolph, Diane E. Schuller, Sheldon L. Spector, Stephen A. Tilles, Dana Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Nicotine Patches for Aphthous Ulcers Due to Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: Philippe Scheid, Abraham Bohadana, Yves Martinet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: In the trial conducted by Kemler and colleagues (Aug.31 issue), 1 spinal cord stimulation plus physical therapy was compared with physical therapy alone in carefully selected patients with intractable pain due to chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy.However, no pain-relieving effects could be expected from the exercise program, since physical therapy had already been shown to be ineffective.Hence, the control group received no effective treatment, despite intractable pain.Since spinal cord stimulation is a technique used for the relief of pain, it would be more appropriate to compare spinal cord stimulation plus optimal pain medication with optimal pain medication alone.In a study of the effects of spinal cord stimulation on pain due to ischemia in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia, it was shown that medical treatment could provide pain relief similar to that achieved with spinal cord stimulation; the same was true for the effects of treatment on the quality of life. 2
Intercalating medical research
Authors: C. Kay
Journal: BMJ (1988)

patients complain of depression, this mood change often becomes one of blunting of affect characterised by loss of feelings, especially towards loved ones.Irritability is another common affective change.The authors suggest that frontal lobe premotor lesions "may give rise to symptoms and signs other than personality changes," such as seizures and speech changes.When a patient is already being treated with an antidepressant the occurrence of seizures might easily be attributed to the drug.Vocal changes such as retarded and monotonous speech are well recognised to occur in depressed patients.2Difficulty in finding words is a common manifestation of impaired concentration, which itself is characteristic of depressive illness.The authors imply that depression is not a physical disease of the brain, thereby ignoring the research that has looked for an organic substrate for the erroneously named "functional" psychoses.Their seeming ignorance of the classical signs of depressive illness is worrying, not simply for patient care but also for undergraduate training.In this department we try to ensure that medical students have a broad grounding in both neurology and psychiatry and learn that diagnosis can be a subtle challenge that requires an open, receptive mind, free of prejudices.
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Bacterial endocarditis is a preventable disease if physicians and susceptible patients cooperate in exercising diligent prophylaxis. Since prevention is easier and more certain than cure, it is incumbent on physicians to denote persons at risk and to institute preventive chemotherapy under appropriate circumstances. Structural abnormalities of the heart or great vessels create susceptibility; manipulations that free bacteria into the bloodstream increase the risk of the disease. Most commonly, bacterial endocarditis follows dental procedures or genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract surgery or instrumentation.  The most frequent infecting organism is the a-hemolytic Streptococcus , and therefore, the most effective prophylaxis is penicillin. For a small minority of those afflicted with bacterial endocarditis, penicillin may not be the most effective drug, and these patients offer a special challenge to the physician's therapeutic skill.  The importance of preventing bacterial endocarditis is such that the American Heart Association has revised and updated its statement on this subject.