tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Latitude variation in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy: Results from the GEIRD study
Authors: Giancarlo Pesce, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Paolo Girardi, Alessandro Marcon, Lucia Cazzoletti, Simone Accordini, Leonardo Antonicelli, Massimiliano Bugiani, Lucio Casali, Isa Cerveri, Maria Grazia Panico, Pietro Pirina, Giuseppe Verlato, Roberto de Marco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies have pointed out a great variability in the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in different geo-climatic areas.  AIM: To test the association between latitude and prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italian young adults.  METHODS: In the frame of Gene-Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases study, a postal screening questionnaire on respiratory health and exposure to environmental factors was administered to 18,357 randomly selected subjects aged 20-44 years in 7 centres: 3 in Northern (Torino, Pavia, Verona), 2 in Central (Ancona, Perugia) and 2 in Southern Italy (Salerno, Sassari).  RESULTS: 10,494 (57.2%) subjects responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis in the lifespan was 10.2% and 26.9%, respectively, and was significantly different across the centres (p  CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis increased moving southwards in Italy, suggesting that prolonged exposure to different geo-climatic conditions may affect the onset of asthma and allergic respiratory diseases.
Effects of Streptovaricins and Their Degradation Products on Infectivity of Rauscher Leukemia Virus2
Authors: L. H. Li, T. D. Clark, C. H. Cowie, J. A. Swenberg, H. E. Renis, K. L. Rinehart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Effects of Streptovaricins and Their Degradation Products on Infectivity of Rauscher Leukemia Virus Get access L. H. Li, L. H. Li Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. D. Clark, T. D. Clark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. H. Cowie, C. H. Cowie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. Swenberg, J. A. Swenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. E. Renis, H. E. Renis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. L. Rinehart, Jr. K. L. Rinehart, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 2, February 1977, Pages 245–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.2.245 Published: 01 February 1977 Article history Received: 15 March 1976 Accepted: 15 June 1976 Published: 01 February 1977
Continuance and effects of self-training at home using a bicycle ergometer with long-term oxygen therapy
Authors: Yuji Kusunoki, Ritsuko Wakabayashi, Kumiko Hattori, Takeo Ishii, Ryuko Furutate, Takashi Motegi, Kouichi Yamada, Akihiko Gemma, Kozui Kida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rationale: Regular exercise is an important therapeutic modality for advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, daily mobility is severely restricted in patients with advanced COPD.  Aim: We evaluated whether self-training at home using a bicycle ergometer with oxygen therapy is an effective therapeutic modality for COPD.  Methods: We recruited 129 patients with advanced COPD. After an observation period, each patient was given a bicycle ergometer as per the advice of health care professionals. The patients were instructed to use the ergometer for 20 min each in the morning and afternoon, with oxygen therapy (2 L/min), and to maintain the maximum pulse rate at   Results: The subjects were divided into 2 groups: those using a bicycle ergometer (Group E) and those performing usual exercise (Group U). Group E was further divided into 2 groups: those showing good adherence (Group EG) and those showing poor adherence (Group EP). In Group EG, the mean age, BMI, FEV1%, and walking distance covered in 6 minutes were 72.3, 21.0, 44.2, and 423, respectively, whereas in Group EP, these values were 73.8, 21.1, 48.4, and 407, respectively. The walking distance significantly improved in Group EG. Continuance was 51.4%, and the major reasons for discontinuance were lumbago and arthralgia.  Conclusions: Self-training using a bicycle ergometer with oxygen therapy might be useful in select subjects.
Abstract 1688: Impact of Change in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Matthias Briel, Ignacio Ferreira-Gonzalez, John You, Paul J Karanicolas, Elie Akl, Boris Blechacz, Dirk Bassler, Asheer Sharman, Alain J Nordmann, Qi Zhou, Stephen Walter, Heiner C Bucher, Victor Montori, Gordon H Guyatt
Journal: Circulation (2008)
A binational cohort study of intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Proteus mirabilis in patients admitted to rehabilitation centres
Authors: A. Adler, M. Elenbogen, Y. Carmeli, A. Baraniak, R. Izdebski, J. Fiett, M. Gniadkowski, W. Hryniewicz, A. Salvia, A. Rossini, H. Goossens, S. Malhotra, Y. Lerman, None study groups
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Phase I-II study of high-dose epirubicin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: R Feld, R Wierzbicki, P L Walde, F A Shepherd, W K Evans, S Gupta, P Shannon, M Lassus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A phase I multicenter trial was performed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of epirubicin, given on 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks to previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS After appropriate staging and a baseline multiple-gated angiogram (MUGA) scan, at least four patients were entered at each dose level, starting at 35 mg/m2 of epirubicin given intravenously (IV) daily for 3 days (105 mg/m2) and escalating by 5 mg/m2 per injection in each dose level (15 mg/m2 per course). Epirubicin was administered up to a maximum dose of 60 mg/m2/d for 3 days (180 mg/m2). The MTD was determined to be 55 mg/m2/d for 3 days (165 mg/m2) after treating a total of 35 (33 assessable) patients. Nadir granulocyte counts and associated febrile episodes comprised the dose-limiting toxicity, but there were no treatment-related deaths. A phase II trial was performed using a dose of 50 mg/m2/d for 3 days (150 mg/m2) every 3 weeks with no dose escalation, but with dose reduction for toxicity as required. A total of 30 patients were entered onto this phase of the study. RESULTS The major toxicity, as in the phase I trial, was neutropenia with five febrile episodes, again with no treatment-related deaths. An overall response rate of 12 of 63 (19%) was noted in the combined patient population of the phase I-II trial, with 95% confidence intervals of 10% to 31%. When the response rate was analyzed by histology, only one of 17 (6%) patients with squamous histology, as compared with 11 of 46 (24%) with non-squamous histology, responded, but this did not reach statistical significance (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS High-dose epirubicin is tolerable and is an active single agent in NSCLC. It should be combined with relatively nonmyelosuppressive agents such as cisplatin to try to obtain higher response rates and extend the survival in this disease.
Stigma associated with tuberculosis among Tajikistan labor migrants
Authors: Bekhruz Salikhov, Oktam Bobohodzhaev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Problem statement: Stigma is the most significant barrier in prevention of TB transmission, provision of adequate care, support, treatment and decreasing negative impacts. Currently, TB issue and stigma associated with labor migrants have not been learned yet in republic of Tajikistan.  Goal of the survey. The goal of the survey was deep understanding of stigma among TB migrants in Tajikistan and development of mechanisms for mitigating the stigma.  Materials and methods.  The survey was done through individual interviews at respondents houses. We used qualitative and detailed interviews for detection of barriers which labor migrants have relating to TB stigma and reasons of late TB diagnostics.509 people of 7 rayons (out of 66 rayons) of the country were interviewed at total.  Results of the survey and discussion. Majority of TB migrants (70,7%) would feel depression in case of TB diagnostics. Other widely spread reaction was feeling/sensation of fear, astonishment, confusion and shame.  Majority of labor migrants (82%) would discuss their disease with doctor or other health workers. Only 6 labor migrants (1,2%) noticed that they would not talk about the disease in case of contracting TB. 231 people (45,5%) noticed that they would apply for health care services in case of symptoms related with TB.  Summary: Stigma and low TB awareness might result in late and low TB case detection among labor migrants. Majority of labor migrants do not apply for health care services because of wrong perceptions. National bodies and organizations should complement each other with goal to create favorable environment for stigma elimination and provide information campaings focused at decreasing of fear and misperceptions.
Transformation of Rat Mammary Cell Cultures by R-35 Virus Isolated From Spontaneous Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. Ahmed, W. Korol, D. Larson, H. Molnar, G. Schidlovsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

R-35 virus can infect and transform cells in monolayer cultures derived from mammary tissue of hydrocortisone-treated, lactating, Sprague-Dawley rats. Observed in cultures, within 6 days after infection, were discrete foci of hyperrefractile spindle and rounded cells that were readily distinguishable from the background monolayer of normal cells. On further incubation, the number of transformed cells in the focus increased, and the rounded transformed cells piled on top of each other, indicating a loss of contact inhibition. There were budding C-type virus particles in the infected cultures. The foci, after being stained with azurepyronine dye, were clearly visible macroscopically. Virus concentration was linearly related to number of foci produced when twofold dilutions of virus stocks were added to the normal, lactating, rat mammary cells. The yield of virus particles (as quantitated by electron microscopy) from infected cultures incubated at 33 °C was twice as much as that from cultures incubated at 37 °C. However, no statistically significant difference in infectivity titers was noted when virus harvested at these 2 temperatures were assayed. The virus-induced transformation could be neutralized if the virus was incubated with specific antiserum. R-35 virus-specific antigen(s) was detected in the cytoplasm of transformed cells by an indirect immunofluorescent technique.
Malignant germ cell tumors in men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: natural history and results of therapy.
Authors: J M Timmerman, D W Northfelt, E J Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine how men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tolerate and respond to treatment for malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs), and how GCT histology and stage compare among HIV-infected versus non-HIV-infected men. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred ninety-four cases of GCT diagnosed or treated from 1980 to 1993 were reviewed. Nine new cases among HIV-infected men were identified; these were analyzed together with six cases previously reported from our institution. RESULTS Low-stage tumors (stages I and IIA) comprised 67% of HIV-infected and 63% of non-HIV-infected cases. Sixty-seven percent of HIV-infected cases were seminomas versus 51% of non-HIV-infected cases. Ten patients had AIDS at the time of GCT diagnosis. Five patients underwent radiation therapy and one patient underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy without complications. Seven patients received chemotherapy with four cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB) or cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) without excess cytopenias or new opportunistic infections. Of seven patients treated for advanced disease, there were five complete and two partial responses. Six patients have died of AIDS at a median of 20 months after diagnosis of GCT. The median follow-up time for surviving patients has been 42 months (range, 8 to 87) and all but one remain without evidence of active disease. In no case was a patient's HIV disease classification altered by antitumor therapy. CONCLUSION The natural history of GCTs is comparable in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected men and standard therapy including orchiectomy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy is well tolerated.
Qualitative and quantitative EBUS-elastography - an early feasibility study
Authors: Tino Schneider, Gabriel Benz, Florent Baty, Martin Brutsche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Elastography has been proposed for quantitative imaging of strain and elastic modulus distributions in soft tissues. This method generates a strain profile through external tissue compression from the ultrasound transducer.  It has been shown to increase the sensitivity and specificity of FNA for the detection of malignancy. Recently, it has become possible to perform elastographic measurements via an EBUS-bronchosope. It is unclear whether this technique is able to increase the accuracy of EBUS-FNA of mediastinal lymph nodes by a better guidance of the puncture sites. The aim of this study is to check whether elastography using the new ultrasound processor is feasible within a clinical routine and whether it could improve the accuracy of mediastinal lymph node sampling in patients with malignancies.  Method: Elastography was performed in 14 patients with 29 lymph node stations qualitatively (pattern) and quantitatively (strain ratio). All bronchoscopies were done in conscious sedation. The flexible EBUS-Bronchoscope BF-UC180F and the ultrasound processor EU-EM2 was used.  Results: A confident elastographic analysis could be performed in 29/29 lymph node stations. No complications occurred.   Results from elastography and TBNA   Conclusion: In our setting, elastography was feasible, safe and gave promising results. It would be interesting to determine whether this method can be used to improve the lymph node selection for puncture.
Acute effects of an aerobic exercise session on airway inflammation in a murine asthma model
Authors: Ronaldo Aparecido da Silva, Rodolfo de Paula Vieira, Francine Maria de Almeida, Clarice Rosa Olivo, Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva, Milton Arruda Martins, Celso Ricardo Fernandes de Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Chronic effects of aerobic training (AT) seem to decrease inflammation in experimental asthma.

Objective: Investigate the effects of a unique exercise session of aerobic exercise in a murine asthma model.

Methods: Male Balb/c mice were divided in 4 groups: Control, AT, ovalbumin sensitized (OVA) and OVA+AT. OVA sensitization groups received i.p.(days 0,14,28) and OVA inhaled exposition (OVA1%, 3xweek/30min) after the 21st day. In the 28th day animals from AT and OVA+AT groups performed a session of treadmill running for 1 hour (50% maximal intensity). Evaluations: In vivo respiratory mechanic (Flexivent), different cell count in the BALF, and collagen fibers depositions and smooth muscle thickness in the airways were evaluated by an image analyzer.

Results: Initial physical capacity was similar among groups (p>0.05). BALF total and inflammatory cells, collagen fiber and the smooth muscle thickness were increased in sensitized groups (p<0.05). Parameters of respiratory mechanic (Gtis and This) were also increased in groups sensitized groups (OVA and OVA+AT; p<0.05).

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Conclusions: Aerobic exercise when performed for acutely does not decrease features of experimental asthma such as cell migration, airway remodeling and respiratory mechanic.

 [1]: pending:yes
Endotracheal neurofibroma in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease
Authors: I S Lossos, R Breuer, J S Lafair
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Benign neurogenous tumours arising in the trachea are rare. We report on a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease who presented with shortness of breath caused by endotracheal neurofibroma.
Using micro-CT to map the small airways
Authors: Katherine Seal, Dmitry Grinev, Sam Keyes, Peter Lackie, Jane Warner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: The loss or narrowing of small airways(  Aim: To use micro-CT to identify and measure the small airways in paraffin embedded tissue without contrasting agents.  Methods: Tissue from the distal airways was fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. It was scanned with a Nikon/Metris HMX XCT scanner at the µ-VIS X-ray imaging centre, University of Southampton to obtain CT data with a scan time of four hours. An acquired voxel resolution of 7.9µm allowed examination of airway lumen along its length and a 3D volume reconstruction of a branching small airways network created using VG Studio Max (v2.1) and Aviso 7 image processing software.  Results: Lung tissue was clearly distinguishable from the airspaces in scans permitting a clear 3D reconstruction of all airways and blood vessels in the sample. Airway cross section measurement was possible down to the respiratory bronchioles at   Conclusion: We have shown that it is possible to use micro-CT to analyse and reconstruct small airways structure in human tissue down to the respiratory bronchioles with a resolution of 7.9µm. Using formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue without any contrasting agents can provide robust 3D structural data from archival material.
Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains
Authors: V. Lamand, O. Dauwalder, A. Tristan, J.S. Casalegno, H. Meugnier, M. Bes, O. Dumitrescu, M. Croze, F. Vandenesch, J. Etienne, G. Lina
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Inhibition of RNA Polymerase I Transcription by CX-5461 As a Therapeutic Strategy for the Cancer-Specific Activation of p53 in MLL-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemias
Authors: Nadine Hein, Megan J Bywater, Kim Stanley, Inge Verbrugge, Carlene Cullinane, Adele Baker, Hannes Zuber, Amy Rappaport, Denis Drygin, Nanni Huser, Josh Bliesath, David M Ryckman, William G Rice, Scott W Lowe, Ricky W Johnstone, Richard B Pearson, Grant A. McArthur, Ross D Hannan
Journal: Blood (2011)
Delivery and Development: To what Extent can One Associate Cause and Effect?
Authors: Margaret Ounsted, Andrew Scott, Valerie Moar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

Data on 570 mothers and their children whose development was personally assessed from birth to four years were analysed. Strong associations were found between the incidence of fetal distress during labour, birth asphyxia, and delivery by emergency caesarean section. At the age of four years girls and children in the non-manual social classes were more advanced, developmentally, than boys and children in the manual classes. No associations were found between perinatal factors and total developmental scores; but highly significant differences were found between ‘at risk’ pregnancy groups according to their method of developmental scores. In only one of seven handicapped children could the handicap possibly have been attributable to delivery factors. Case histories of two children illustrate the dangers and difficulties of associating cause and effect in individual patients.
Increased intensification and total dose of cyclophosphamide in a doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen for the treatment of primary breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-22.
Authors: B Fisher, S Anderson, D L Wickerham, A DeCillis, N Dimitrov, E Mamounas, N Wolmark, R Pugh, J N Atkins, F J Meyers, N Abramson, J Wolter, R S Bornstein, L Levy, E H Romond, V Caggiano, M Grimaldi, P Jochimsen, P Deckers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) initiated a randomized trial (B-22) to determine if intensifying but maintaining the total dose of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, NJ) in a doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI)-cyclophosphamide combination (AC), or if intensifying and increasing the total dose of cyclophosphamide improves the outcome of women with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (N = 2,305) were randomized to receive either four courses of standard AC therapy (group 1); intensified therapy, in which the same total dose of cyclophosphamide was administered in two courses (group 2); or intensified and increased therapy, in which the total dose of cyclophosphamide was doubled (group 3). The dose and intensity of doxorubicin were similar in all groups. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were determined using life-table estimates. RESULTS There was no significant difference in DFS (P = .30) or overall survival (P = .95) among the groups through 5 years. At 5 years, the DFS of women in group 1 was similar to that of women in group 2 (62% v 60%, respectively; P = .43) and to that of women in group 3 (62% v 64%, respectively; P = .59). The 5-year survival of women in group 1 was similar to that of women in group 2 (78% v 77%, respectively; P = .86) and to that of women in group 3 (78% v 77%, respectively; P = .82). Grade 4 toxicity increased in groups 2 and 3. Failure to note a difference in outcome among the groups was unrelated to either differences in amount and intensity of cyclophosphamide or to dose delays and intervals between courses of therapy. CONCLUSION Intensifying or intensifying and increasing the total dose of cyclophosphamide failed to significantly improve either DFS or overall survival in any group. It was concluded that, outside of a clinical trial, dose-intensification of cyclophosphamide in an AC combination represents inappropriate therapy for women with primary breast cancer.
Demographic Patterns for Mesothelioma in the United States
Authors: R R Connelly, R Spirtas, M H Myers, C L Percy, J F Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Incidence rates for pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas in about 10% of the U.S. population were examined by various demographic characteristics based on 1973–84 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Although pleural mesothelioma was more common than peritoneal mesothelioma, both are rare diseases in this country. Pleural mesothelioma incidence rates among white males increased over time and were highest in seaboard areas where shipyards have been located (Seattle, San Francisco-Oakland, Hawaii). The significant secular change was attributed to both period (date of diagnosis) and cohort (date of birth) effects. Pleural mesothelioma incidence rates among white males were nearly 50% higher in the 1980–84 period compared to those in 1975–79; the cohort effect rose to a peak for the 1905–9 birth cohort and then declined. These effects probably reflect changes in asbestos exposure patterns in the past and more recent changes in clinical awareness and coding rules for mesothelioma. Geographic analysis of U.S. death certificates for pleural cancer among white males and females dying during 1968–78 indicated that mortality rates were significantly elevated in several areas that have had asbestos-manufacturing plants or shipyards. Analyses of mortality rates must be viewed with caution, since mesothelioma is considerably underreported on death certificates.