tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood eczema: disease of the advantaged?
Authors: H. C Williams, D. P Strachan, R. J Hay
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether the increased prevalence of childhood eczema inadvantaged socioeconomic groups is due to increased parental reporting. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of parental reports of eczema with visible eczema recorded by medical officers during a detailed physical examination. <b>Setting</b>: National birth cohort study. <b>Subjects</b>: 8279 children from England, Wales, and Scotland born during 3-9 March 1958 and followed up at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of eczema according to parental report compared with medical officer9s examination at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. <b>Results</b>: Prevalence of both reported and examined eczema increased with rising social class at the ages of 7, 11, and 16 years. The point prevalence of examined eczema at age 7 was 4.8%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 2.4%, 2.2%, and 2.4% in social classes I, II, III non-manual, III manual, IV, and V respectively (X<sup>2</sup> value for linear trend 12.6, P&lt;0.001). This trend persisted after adjustment for potential confounders such as region and family size and was not present for examined psoriasis or acne. <b>Conclusions</b>: Eczema is more prevalent among British schoolchildren in social classes I and II than those in lower classes. Exposures associated with social class are probably at least as important as genetic factors in the expression of childhood eczema.
Damp housing, mould growth, and symptomatic health state.
Authors: S. D. Platt, C. J. Martin, S. M. Hunt, C. W. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between damp and mould growth and symptomatic ill health. DESIGN--Cross-sectional study of random sample of households containing children; separate and independent assessments of housing conditions (by surveyor) and health (structured interview by trained researcher). SETTING--Subjects9 homes (in selected areas of public housing in Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London). SUBJECTS--Adult respondents (94% women) and 1169 children living in 597 households. END POINTS--Specific health symptoms and general evaluation of health among respondents and children over two weeks before interview; and score on general health questionnaire (only respondents). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Damp was found in 184 (30.8%) dwellings and actual mould growth in 274 (45.9%). Adult respondents living in damp and mouldy dwellings were likely to report more symptoms overall, including nausea and vomiting, blocked nose, breathlessness, backache, fainting, and bad nerves, than respondents in dry dwellings. Children living in damp and mouldy dwellings had a greater prevalence of respiratory symptoms (wheeze, sore throat, runny nose) and headaches and fever compared with those living in dry dwellings. The mean number of symptoms was higher in damp and mouldy houses and positively associated with increasing severity of dampness and mould (dose response relation). All these differences persisted after controlling for possible confounding factors such as household income, cigarette smoking, unemployment, and overcrowding. Other possible sources of bias that might invalidate the assumption of a causal link between housing conditions and ill health--namely, investigator bias, respondent bias, and selection bias--were also considered and ruled out. CONCLUSION--Damp and mouldy living conditions have an adverse effect on symptomatic health, particularly among children.
Fracture Dislocation of the Hip
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Maureen Molloy: A 39-year-old male who had been in an automobile accident sustained extensive injuries to his face, which struck the steering wheel, and to his right hip and pelvis. He was unconscious for an unknown period of time. At another hospital an attempt to reduce his dislocated hip under general anesthesia was unsuccessful. He was transferred here the same day. At the time of his admission to the emergency ward his blood pressure level was 150/86 mm Hg; his pulse, 120 beats/minute; and his respirations, 30/minute. He was conscious and alert, complaining of pain across his pelvis and in the area of the right hip. Results of neurological examination were within normal limits. There was a small hemorrhage of the left sciera. His neck was supple, and his chest had escaped injury except for the presence of tenderness over the left 11th rib posteriorly. His heart was not
COEXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IS A INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: A STUDY IN BEIJING
Authors: Yusheng Zhao, Qiao Xue, Xingli Wu, Lei Gao, Jiayue Li, Ping He, Mei Zhu, Shiwen Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A reliable plasma marker of platelet activation: Does it exist?
Authors: David Gurney, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Andrew D. Blann
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Despite the clear importance of the platelet in various conditions and diseases, there are few opportunities to assess the physiological and pathological functions of this cell. Those without access to a flow cytometer or platelet aggregometer rely on secreted or release products of the platelet. Principle among these molecules are alpha granule components beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor four, and membrane constituents such as P selectin, gpV and glycocalicin. However, notwithstanding the ease of measurement of these markers (i.e., by ELISA) each one has its own particular disadvantage, mostly of methodology and specificity. Nevertheless, if our goal is to improve our ability to recognize and treat subjects with thrombotic disorders, then additional studies on these molecules may prove to be a sound investment. Am. J. Hematol. 70:139–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NHS structural upheaval threatens already variable quality of essential data
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A nationwide review of how data are collected across health and social care services in England has found a wide variation in quality. 

The review, from the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care, warns that the structural upheaval in the NHS sparked by the Health and Social Care Act could worsen the quality of the data that are essential for planning and commissioning services.1

However, greater involvement of clinicians could help to drive up quality, it says. 

Clinicians often do not get the opportunity to check local data submitted for national use and are not always aware of how the data will be used. Yet all the evidence indicates that “clinician engagement and validation of data considerably improves its quality,” says …
Mucoadhesive microparticles as potential carriers in inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate: a comparative study
Authors: Madhusmita Mishra, Brahmeshwar Mishra
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

The present work compares and evaluates the suitability of different polymer-based microparticles for inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate. Mucoadhesive polymers, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, and carbopol were selected as carriers for inhalation delivery. Microparticles were prepared by spray drying and evaluated in terms of yield, moisture content, morphology, tapped density, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro mucoadhesion, thermal properties and in vitro aerosolization performance. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the microparticles on H1299 human alveolar cell line was examined. Smooth spherical to collapsed doughnut shaped particles were formed. They exhibited tap densities of 0.202–0.502 g/cm3 and mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.74–6.54 μm. Mucoadhesion was highest in case of carbopol-based microparticles. Drug release from these microparticles exhibited biphasic Fickian type of diffusion. Only at the highest concentration of microparticles (1 mg/mL) less than 90% cell viability was seen in DX loaded sodium alginate microparticles (DXSA, 87.2%), starch microparticles (DXST, 85.1%) and carbopol microparticles (DXCP, 82.7%) preparations after 48 h of exposure to alveolar cells. The results clearly indicate that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-based microparticles may serve as an ideal carrier for inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate.
B-cell Expansion and Lymphomagenesis Induced by Chronic CD40 Signaling Is Strictly Dependent on CD19
Authors: Caroline Hojer, Samantha Frankenberger, Lothar J. Strobl, Samantha Feicht, Kristina Djermanovic, Franziska Jagdhuber, Cornelia Hömig-Hölzel, Uta Ferch, Jürgen Ruland, Klaus Rajewsky, Ursula Zimber-Strobl
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

CD40, a member of the TNF receptor family, is expressed on all mature B cells and on most B-cell lymphomas. Recently, we have shown that constitutive activation of CD40 signaling in B cells induced by a fusion protein consisting of the transmembrane part of the Epstein-Barr viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and the cytoplasmic part of CD40 (LMP1/CD40) drives B-cell lymphoma development in transgenic mice. Because LMP1/CD40-expressing B cells showed an upregulation of CD19, we investigated CD19's function in CD40-driven B-cell expansion and lymphomagenesis. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of CD19 in LMP1/CD40 transgenic mice resulted in a severe loss and reduced lifespan of mature B cells and completely abrogated development of B-cell lymphoma. CD19 is localized to lipid rafts and constitutively activated by the LMP1/CD40 fusion protein in B cells. We provide evidence that the improved survival and malignant transformation of LMP1/CD40-expressing B cells are dependent on activation of the MAPK Erk that is mediated through CD19 in a PI3K-dependent manner. Our data suggest that constitutively active CD40 is dependent on CD19 to transmit survival and proliferation signals. Moreover, we detected a similarly functioning prosurvival pathway involving phosphorylated CD19 and PI3K-dependent Erk phosphorylation in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Our data provide evidence that CD19 plays an important role in transmitting survival and proliferation signals downstream of CD40 and therefore might be an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of lymphoma undergoing chronic CD40 signaling.
Norovirus outbreak in a cruise ship sailing around the British Isles: Investigation and multi-agency management of an international outbreak
Authors: Roberto Vivancos, Alex Keenan, Will Sopwith, Ken Smith, Catherine Quigley, Ken Mutton, Evdokia Dardamissis, Gordon Nichols, John Harris, Christopher Gallimore, Linda Verhoef, Qutub Syed, John Reid
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
TCTAP A-178 Diffuse Versus Focal Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: Comparison of 3-year Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Se Yeon Choi, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
"ACHLORHYDRIA PRECEDING PERNICIOUS ANEMIA"
Authors: W. H. Riley
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read (The Journal, November 21, p. 1638) the report of a case of achlorhydria preceding pernicious anemia in which the achlorhydria had existed for fourteen years previous to the development of the anemia. I can report one case of pernicious anemia in which the achlorhydria was present twenty-five years before the appearance of symptoms of pernicious anemia. In this case the pernicious anemia developed and progressed, with clinical signs and symptoms of an organic lesion of the spinal cord, namely, so-called subacute combined sclerosis of the spinal cord, which is present in a large percentage of cases of pernicious anemia. This patient developed pernicious anemia with all its usual signs and symptoms, and the achlorhydria was present twenty-five years before the appearance of the anemia, as shown by analysis of the gastric contents. In another case, a woman had achlorhydria twenty years previous to the
Audit of child protection procedures in accident and emergency department to identify children at risk of abuse
Authors: P. D Sidebotham, A. V Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1997)

the age of 30, 21 the likelihood of giving birth near the time of a breast cancer diagnosis is significantly greater for women who have their children at an advanced age.Therefore, the adverse influence of pregnancy on breast cancer survival will be greatest when women postpone childbearing to older ages.The negative effect of recent pregnancy was pronounced in women who did not receive adjuvant treatment (low risk group) as well as among those who did (high risk group).Therefore, it is not known whether more intensive adjuvant treatment will change the course of the disease in these patients.These findings need be considered in counselling such patients and in deciding on adjuvant treatment.Pregnancy history should be recorded for premenopausal breast cancer patients and in prospective clinical trials so that response to adjuvant treatment according to time since last childbirth can be assessed.
Partial portal decompression: Two approaches to the management of portal hypertension
Authors: Eric B. Rypins, James I. Sarfeh
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To test the hypothesis that partial portal decompression in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage will diminish subsequent encephalopathy, 50 consecutive patients were studied after construction of a small–stoma (10 to 12 mm) side–to–side portacaval shunt, with the goal of a postoperative portacaval pressure gradient of 10 mm Hg. During follow–up averaging 26 months, six patients (12 percent) died. Four patients (8 percent) had episodes of rebleeding, only one from varices. All patients had patent shunts at subsequent angiography or ultrasonography. Despite consistent (100 percent) postoperative reversal or stagnation of portal flow on duplex scan, encephalopathy on clinical and psychometric grounds was observed in only three patients (6 percent). This study suggests that small–stoma portacaval shunt can be performed with reliably low rates of rebleeding and encephalopathy. That encephalopathy was rare despite loss of hepatic portal perfusion incriminates other factors besides portal flow in the genesis of postshunt hepatic failure.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function in Depressive Illness: Insensitivity to Hypoglycaemia
Authors: B. J. Carroll
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The insulin tolerance test was performed in 16 severely depressed patients on admission to hospital and after treatment with electric convulsion therapy. The mean plasma cortisol response to hypoglycaemia was significantly impaired before treatment, particularly in the patients who also showed resistance to dexamethasone suppression. The results are consistent with hypothalamic-pituitary insensitivity to hypoglycaemia in these subjects.
The Beta-Fibrinogen 455 G/A Gene Polymorphism Associated with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Atilla İçli, Ahmet Altınbaş, Yasin Türker, Recep Sütçü, Salaheddin Akçay, Habil Yücel, Özkan Görgülü, Hasan Aydın Baş, Fatih Aksoy, Bayram Ali Uysal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Predictive Markers for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Hemophiliacs: Persistence of p24 Antigen and Low T4 Cell Count
Authors: Eyster Me, Ballard Jo, Gail Mh, Drummond Je, Goedert Jj
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To investigate the predictive value of assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen, p24 antibody, and gpl20 antibody compared with T4 cell counts. Design: Prospective cohort selected from persons who had HIV-antibody seroconversion. Patients: Eighty-seven persons with hemophilia with an actuarial cumulative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence of 26% (CI, 12% to 40%), 8 years after HIV-antibody seroconversion. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen was detected in 8 of 74 (11%) of the patients without AIDS and 7 of 13 (54%) of the patients with AIDS. The 2-year actuarial incidence of AIDS was 24% (CI, 0% to 48%) after detection of p24 antigen, 16% (CI, 0% to 34%) after loss of p24 antibody, 20% (CI, 0% to 45%) after loss of gp120 antibody, 31% (CI, 15% to 47%) after a T4 count of less than 200 cells/μL, and 67% (CI, 31% to 100%) after a T4 count of less than 200 cells/μL among those patients positive for p24 antigen. Very low numbers of T4 and T8 lymphocytes, presence of p24 antigen in serum, and absence of p24 antibody all had some predictive value. However, only p24 antigen (relative hazard 6.0, P = 0.008) and T4 counts (relative hazard 5.3, P = 0.002 with T4 count < 200 cells/μL) independently predicted AIDS up to 12 months before diagnosis. Conclusions: Strong predictors of AIDS are p24 antigenemia or low T4 counts. Detection of p24 antigen is highly specific and complementary to the greater sensitivity of low T4 counts. These findings have important implications regarding prognosis, counseling, and the planning of clinical trials.
Megatrials for Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Paul M. Ridker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 October 1996Megatrials for Clinical Decision MakingPaul M. Ridker, MD and Steven Borzak, MDPaul M. Ridker, MDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202Search for more papers by this author and Steven Borzak, MDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We do not believe, as implied by Dr. Horton, that the results of ISIS-4 or LIMIT-2 should be considered “correct” or “incorrect.” Rather, as stated in our discussion of meta-analysis, these well-designed trials should be seen as similar—but not identical—experiments, the results of which differ and, therefore, need careful consideration. We chose the example of magnesium in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction because large trials with conflicting results are available and because we wished to show how different methods of meta-analysis can further lead to different interpretations of the same data. At a pathophysiologic level, we ...REFERENCE1. Antman EM. Magnesium in acute MI: timing is critical [Editorial]. Circulation. 1995; 92:2367-72. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul M. Ridker, MD; Steven Borzak, MDAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 621-622KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionClinical trialsDatabasesDecision makingMagnesium ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dynamic stiffness of cat heart muscle in Ba2+-induced contracture.
Authors: Y Saeki, K Sagawa, H Suga
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We analyzed mechanical properties of kitten papillary muscles both at rest and in Ba2+ contracture by the frequency response method. The muscle length was perturbed sinusoidally, with an amplitude less than 0.3% of Lmax over a frequency range from 0.1 to 60 Hz to determine the dynamic stiffness, F(omega)/L(omega), in which F(omega) = amplitude of the force response wave, L(omega) = amplitude of sinusoidal length wave, and omega = frequency, and the phase shift of F(omega) relative to L(omega). In resting muscles, the dynamic stiffness increased minutely with increasing frequency and the phase relation showed a small lead over the entire frequency range. In muscles in contracture at low temperature (22-24 degrees C), the stiffness first decreased with increasing frequency from about 0.2 to 1 Hz, then increased with a slope of 10-fold/decade, and finally plateaued over the range above 8 Hz. The phase relation showed a small lag between 0.3 and 0.5 Hz, but a clear lead of up to 60 degrees between 0.8 and 16 Hz. With an increase in temperature to 36 degrees C, the peculiar decrease in stiffness and the phase lag in the low frequency region decreased in size and shifted to a higher frequency region (about 4 Hz). These findings led us to two alternative, approximate analogues, which are similar to but simpler than that previously proposed for a twitching papillary muscle.
General practitioners and the Griffiths report.
Authors: N Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Since the Griffiths report on National Health Service manage? ment is mainly concerned with the hospital service general practitioners might reasonably ask what relevance it has to them. But there are pressing reasons why they cannot afford to ignore it. Apart from the specific interests of the 7000 or so general practitioners who work in hospitals, all general practi? tioners have a direct interest in the quality of care provided for their patients by the hospital service, something that the Griffiths report is intended to improve. It is, however, too early to judge what effects Griffiths will have. Certainly these will vary across the country; 192 district health authorities are now implementing health circular HC(84) 13 and their decisions will differ.1 Indeed, key themes in the government's policy are flexibility and an emphasis on local autonomy. Some sceptics will argue that to assume that the Griffiths prescription will affect NHS management is to beg the question. In their eyes Griffiths is merely one more NHS reorganisation which, like its forerunners, enhances the power of its administra? tors and is disproportionately disruptive for the improvements achieved in the day to day running of the service. They might even ask what can change NHS management, for its inertia is strong enough to resist any opposing force. An alternative view is that changes in management will inevitably occur; that there will be a steady erosion of consensus management to be replaced by a more autocratic style of manage? ment. The district management team may find itself exerting a declining influence on management decisions, losing out to the growing power of a cabal of general managers?drawn from both district and unit levels?and becoming little more than a sound? ing board for the district general manager and his management colleagues.2 At this stage the BMA has concentrated on ensuring that the medical profession will be represented among a first generation of district and unit general managers. Agreement has been reached on the terms on which clinicians may participate more actively in NHS management. These include provision for paying unit general managers and unit medical representatives, together with an enhanced payment for any clinician who holds both posts.3 It now looks as though one regional general manager and only a handful of district general managers will be medically qualified. But when appointments are made at unit level the medical profession should be represented, and there is every reason why general practitioners should fill many of these posts, particularly in community service units. Once these appoint? ments have been made attention will quickly turn to the effects of the promised new management style.