tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcoholism, A Study in Heredity.
Authors: G. Archdall Reid
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-Cl co-transporter
Authors: Jing Wang, Chongxiu Sun, Norbert Gerdes, Conglin Liu, Mengyang Liao, Jian Liu, Michael A Shi, Aina He, Yi Zhou, Galina K Sukhova, Huimei Chen, Xian Wu Cheng, Masafumi Kuzuya, Toyoaki Murohara, Jie Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Mengmeng Jiang, Gary E Shull, Shaunessy Rogers, Chao-Ling Yang, Qiang Ke, Sabina Jelen, René Bindels, David H Ellison, Petr Jarolim, Peter Libby, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
IL1RAP expression as a measure of leukemic stem cell burden at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia predicts therapy outcome
Authors: N Landberg, N Hansen, M Askmyr, H Ågerstam, C Lassen, M Rissler, H Hjorth-Hansen, S Mustjoki, M Järås, J Richter, T Fioretos
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Interferon‐α and Angiogenic Dysregulation in Pregnant Lupus Patients Who Develop Preeclampsia
Authors: Danieli Andrade, Mimi Kim, Luz P. Blanco, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Gloria C. Koo, Patricia Redecha, Kyriakos Kirou, Angela M. Alvarez, Melissa J. Mulla, Mary K. Crow, Vikki M. Abrahams, Mariana J. Kaplan, Jane E. Salmon
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective To investigate whether an elevated interferon‐α (IFNα) level early in pregnancy is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and to examine the relationship of an elevated IFNα level to angiogenic imbalance. Methods Women were enrolled in a longitudinal case–control study of pregnant patients with lupus. Serum samples obtained monthly throughout pregnancy were assayed for IFNα and for the antiangiogenic factor soluble Flt‐1 and the proangiogenic factor placenta growth factor (PlGF). Each of 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a poor pregnancy outcome was matched to an SLE patient with an uncomplicated pregnancy and to a pregnant healthy control. The effects of IFNα and/or soluble Flt‐1 on human endothelial cells and endothelial cell–trophoblast interactions were assessed. Results Compared to SLE patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, patients with preeclampsia had increased IFNα levels before clinical symptoms. Patients without autoimmune disease who developed preeclampsia did not have increased IFNα levels. In SLE patients with low IFNα levels, marked angiogenic imbalance (higher soluble Flt‐1, lower PlGF, and higher soluble Flt‐1:PlGF ratios) preceded maternal manifestations of preeclampsia, whereas in SLE patients with high IFNα levels, preeclampsia occurred without evidence of systemic angiogenic imbalance. Treatment of human endothelial cells with soluble Flt‐1 induced expression of sFLT1 messenger RNA, and IFNα dramatically amplified responses to soluble Flt‐1. In a model of spiral artery transformation, only the combination of IFNα and soluble Flt‐1 disrupted the ability of trophoblast cells to remodel endothelial tube structures. Conclusion Our findings identify a new mechanism by which IFNα induces an antiangiogenic milieu and increases the sensitivity of endothelial cells to soluble Flt‐1, and suggest that elevated IFNα levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in some pregnant patients with SLE.
Studies on phenolic steroids in human subjects
Authors: N. Inoue, A. A. Sandberg, J. B. Graham, W. R. Slaunwhite
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

6,7-(3)H-Estriol-16alpha-glucosiduronate-(14)C was administered to eight women (nine studies) by several routes: both injection and infusion (300 min) into the cubital vein, injection into the portal vein system, ingestion and instillation into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Urine, collected from 0-2, 2-4, 4-8, 8-12, and 12-24 hr, was analyzed by countercurrent distribution for its content of radioactive 3- and 16-glucosiduronate (E(3)-3Gl,E(3)-16Gl) and sulfoglucosiduronate (E(3)-3S,16Gl) of estriol as well as for (3)H/(14)C ratio of each conjugate. After peripheral injection 50-60% of the injected E(3)-16Gl was excreted unchanged along with about 5% as E(3)-3S,16Gl with an unchanged (3)H/(14)C ratio, indicating direct sulfation of the injected E(3)-16Gl. During a 300 min infusion, urinary excretion closely resembled that following injection. But 2-4 hr after the end of the infusion excretion of E(3)-3S, 16Gl stopped, excretion of E(3)-3Gl (17%/24 hr) with an elevated (3)H/(14)C ratio started, and excretion of E(3)-16Gl continued (70%/24 hr), but with a rapidly increasing (3)H/(14)C ratio. This indicated sequestration in a sluggishly metabolizing compartment where two processes occurred: (a) extensive hydrolysis of E(3)-16Gl followed by reconjugation at either C3 or C16 with unlabeled uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), thereby increasing the (3)H/(14)C ratio; and (b) transconjugation from C16 to C3, thereby producing E(3)-3Gl with finite (3)H/(14)C ratios. Instillation into various segments of the small intestine produced results qualitatively similar to those after intravenous infusion, whereas ingestion and intraportal injection resembled peripheral intravenous injection. Therefore, we have postulated the possibility of an enteric circulation (in addition to an enterohepatic circulation) in which the steroid or its conjugates are transported into the small intestine in the succus entericus, modified, and then reabsorbed and excreted in the urine-a process which requires several hours.
Violations identified from routine swimming pool inspections - selected states and counties, United States, 2008.
Authors: L. Hendrix, D. Ludwig, B. Franklin, C. Maitoza, N. Doxford, S. E. Ford, J. Compton, B. F. Buss, D. Sackett, D. Salmen, K. Krinn, S. Campbell, R. Roth, E. Florom, T. Clements, D. Newell, E. C. Ailes, S. A. Collier, C. Otto, J. M. Roberts, M. C. Hlavsa, M. J. Beach, E. L. Dunbar
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2010)
Global periodontal disease epidemiology
Authors: Bruce A. Dye
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2011)

Abstract Our understanding of the global epidemiology of periodontal disease has changed considerably over the past 50 years. This change has been influenced not only by our evolving knowledge of the natural history and distribution of the disease, but also by changing measurement methodologies. Although great strides have been made in describing the underlying contributions of microorganisms and plaque ecology, as well as the inflammatory and host responses, there is still much that is not known regarding risk susceptibility and prevention effectiveness. The focus of global periodontal epidemiology during the last half century has been on identifying populations who have periodontal disease and situations where disparities in disease prevalence exist between groups. Unlike dental public health activities directed toward dental caries, less effort has been made in periodontal epidemiology with regard to surveying or monitoring groups who may be at greater risk for moderate or severe disease and evaluating public health initiatives directed at mitigating risk or reducing such periodontal disease prevalence. Additionally, there is limited information regarding current national estimates of periodontal disease in most countries. Although numerous periodontal studies have been performed globally, very few are epidemiological studies using nationally representative samples. The aim of this critical review is to discuss the historical context of global periodontal disease epidemiology, highlight key activities and findings over the past decade in global periodontal epidemiology, and comment on how changes in the practice of epidemiology may affect global periodontology over the coming decade.
Continuation of metformin use after a diagnosis of cirrhosis significantly improves survival of patients with diabetes
Authors: Xiaodan Zhang, William S. Harmsen, Teresa A. Mettler, W. Ray Kim, Rosebud O. Roberts, Terry M. Therneau, Lewis R. Roberts, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The risks and benefits of metformin use in patients with cirrhosis with diabetes are debated. Although data on a protective effect of metformin against liver cancer development have been reported, metformin is frequently discontinued once cirrhosis is diagnosed because of concerns about an increased risk of adverse effects of metformin in patients with liver impairment. This study investigated whether continuation of metformin after cirrhosis diagnosis improves survival of patients with diabetes. Diabetic patients diagnosed with cirrhosis between 2000 and 2010 who were on metformin at the time of cirrhosis diagnosis were identified (n = 250). Data were retrospectively abstracted from the medical record. Survival of patients who continued versus discontinued metformin after cirrhosis diagnosis was compared using the log-rank test. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. Overall, 172 patients continued metformin whereas 78 discontinued metformin. Patients who continued metformin had a significantly longer median survival than those who discontinued metformin (11.8 vs. 5.6 years overall, P < 0.0001; 11.8 vs. 6.0 years for Child A patients, P = 0.006; and 7.7 vs. 3.5 years for Child B/C patients, P = 0.04, respectively). After adjusting for other variables, continuation of metformin remained an independent predictor of better survival, with an HR of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.24-0.78; P = 0.005). No patients developed metformin-associated lactic acidosis during follow-up. Conclusion: Continuation of metformin after cirrhosis diagnosis reduced the risk of death by 57%. Metformin should therefore be continued in diabetic patients with cirrhosis if there is no specific contraindication. (Hepatology 2014;60:2007–2015)
Risk of incident and fatal melanoma in individuals with a family history of incident or fatal melanoma or any cancer
Authors: A. Brandt, J. Sundquist, K. Hemminki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

A family history of melanoma is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and probably of other, discordant cancers. Limited data are available on familial mortality in melanoma. If fatal forms of melanoma were associated with fatal forms of melanoma or of some other cancers, only studies on familial mortality rather than on familial incidence might be able to detect them. Furthermore, estimates on familial aggregation based on mortality are free from bias of overdiagnosis.The aim of this study was the estimation of familial aggregation of concordant melanoma and of melanoma and any other cancers based both on incidence and on mortality.We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for incident melanoma for relatives of any cancer patients and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for death from melanoma for relatives of individuals who died from any other cancer. Similar risks were determined for any common cancer when relatives were affected by melanoma.For concordant melanoma, familial incidence equalled familial mortality, SIR=SMR. Familial clustering (SIRs increased) of melanoma and oesophageal, colorectal, breast, prostate, kidney, nervous system and connective tissue cancers and myeloma and leukaemia was observed. The SMRs for pancreatic and nervous system cancers were increased in relatives whose parents had died from melanoma.These data should encourage a search for fatal subtypes of familial cancer, which may eventually have clinical implications.
Abstract 1643: BMS-983970, an oral pan-Notch inhibitor for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Ashvinikumar V. Gavai, Yufen Zhao, Daniel O'Malley, Brian Fink, Claude Quesnelle, Derek Norris, Libing Chen, Soong-Hoon Kim, Wen-Ching Han, Patrice Gill, Weifang Shan, Aaron Balog, Andrew Tebben, Richard Rampulla, Dauh-Rurng Wu, Yingru Zhang, Arvind Mathur, Haiqing Wang, Zheng Yang, Qian Ruan, Robin Moore, David Rodrigues, Asoka Ranasinghe, Celia D'Arienzo, Ching Kim Tye, Ching Su, Gerry Everlof, Melissa Yarde, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Krista Menard, Mei-Li Wen, George Trainor, Bruce Fischer, John Hunt, Gregory Vite, Richard Westhouse, Francis Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Deregulation of the Notch pathway has been shown to be oncogenic in numerous tissue types including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Notch signal activation can cause uncontrolled proliferation, restrict differentiation leading to increased self-renewal capacity, evasion of apoptosis, and enhancement of angiogenesis and metastasis. There is increasing evidence that Notch plays a role in the maintenance and survival of cancer stem cells. γ-Secretase mediates the Notch signaling pathway by releasing the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) which translocates to the nucleus and binds to the transcription factor CSL to activate transcription of various target genes. BMS-906024 is a potent pan-Notch inhibitor that demonstrated robust anti-tumor activity at tolerated doses in multiple tumor xenograft models. It is being evaluated in Phase 1 clinical studies. BMS-906024 is being administered IV (once weekly) in the clinic and the projected human efficacious dose is 4 - 6 mg. Based on the preclinical data, the projected human half-life of BMS-906024 is in the 37 h - 124 h range. This presentation will describe further structure-activity relationships in the 1,4-benzodiazepinone series that culminated in the identification of BMS-983970 as an oral-pan-Notch inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo evaluation of BMS-983970 in T-ALL and solid tumor xenograft models will be presented. Citation Format: Ashvinikumar V. Gavai, Yufen Zhao, Daniel O'Malley, Brian Fink, Claude Quesnelle, Derek Norris, Libing Chen, Soong-Hoon Kim, Wen-Ching Han, Patrice Gill, Weifang Shan, Aaron Balog, Andrew Tebben, Richard Rampulla, Dauh-Rurng Wu, Yingru Zhang, Arvind Mathur, Haiqing Wang, Zheng Yang, Qian Ruan, Robin Moore, David Rodrigues, Asoka Ranasinghe, Celia D'Arienzo, Ching Kim Tye, Ching Su, Gerry Everlof, Melissa Yarde, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Krista Menard, Mei-Li Wen, George Trainor, Bruce Fischer, John Hunt, Gregory Vite, Richard Westhouse, Francis Lee. BMS-983970, an oral pan-Notch inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1643. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1643
Service should be reserved for equivocal cases
Authors: D. I Slovick
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR—C M Francis and colleagues claim that their open access echocardiography service was “well used” and led to advice being given to change management for nearly 70% of patients.1 I fear that they have been unsuccessful if they were trying to increase the currently low rates of prescription of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in heart failure: the number of patients referred for echocardiography was small compared …
Abstract 245: Secular trends of Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Associated Mortality among Patients With In-hospital Cardiac Arrest: a 20-year Experience From Qatar (1991-2010)
Authors: Amar M Salam, Hajar AlBinali, Rajvir Singh, Awad Al-Qahtani, Jassim Al Suwaidi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: Little is known about the trends of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) mortality and associated cardiovascular comorbidities in the developing countries. This was examined in this study of a 20-year prospectively collected registry of all patients hospitalized with acute cardiac events in a Middle-Eastern Country. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients that developed IHCA in Qatar from 1991 through 2010 was made. Rates and trends of cardiac comorbidities and in-hospital mortality were examined. Results: During the 20-years period 41,436 patients were hospitalized with acute cardiac disease in Qatar From 1991 to end of 2010. Of these 1684 patients (4.06%) developed IHCA. In the latter years of the study there was a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension when compared to patients hospitalized in the earlier years. Associated ischemic heart disease and heart failure were also significantly trending higher. The study demonstrated an increasing rate of in-hospital mortality of patients with IHCA over the 20-year period that peaked in the period (1999-2002). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the poor survival after IHCA was associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in our patients. Tailored strategies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions are warranted to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and its related mortality in our region.
Lies and liars: psychiatric aspects of prevarication
Authors: C V Ford, B H King, M H Hollender
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors discuss the phenomenon of lying, a common psychic process that has received remarkably little scrutiny. The ubiquity of lying and others forms of deception suggests that they have "normal" aspects, but lying which is persistent or destructive to the quality of a person's life becomes pathological. Lying has many determinants, including developmental, biological, social, and psychodynamic. Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and compulsive personalities have been associated with lying. The treatment of lying needs to be individualized according to the overall symptom complex in which it is embedded.
Religious content in the DSM-III-R glossary of technical terms
Authors: D B Larson, S B Thielman, M A Greenwold, J S Lyons, S G Post, K A Sherrill, G G Wood, S S Larson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors reviewed Appendix C of DSM-III-R, Glossary of Technical Terms, for its references to religion. Religion was referred to more frequently in this glossary than it is in psychiatric research. The authors conclude that although the Glossary uses religion in constructive or cautionary reminders, the high rate of illustrative case examples of psychopathology that involve religion in the Glossary indicates cultural insensitivity in interpreting religion.
Specific Binding Sites for Triiodothyronine in the Plasma Membrane of Rat Thymocytes
Authors: Joseph Segal, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

As a prerequisite to studies of whether the plasma membrane of the rat thymocyte contains specific, saturable binding sites for the thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), a method was developed for the isolation of a plasma membrane fraction from these cells. As judged from both electron microscopic and marker enzyme studies, the fraction was composed principally of plasma membrane vesicles, was free of nuclear contaminants, and was only slightly contaminated with other subcellular components. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.4, binding of [(125)I]T(3) by the fresh membrane preparation was rapid, reaching a maximum at 5 min and then declining with time, so that by 60 min binding was virtually nil. Decreased binding with time was due to a loss of functional binding sites, but did not reflect desensitization, since the decrease in binding activity with time was independent of the presence or absence of T(3). Scatchard analysis of saturation studies revealed the presence of two binding sites, one with an apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) of 0.95 nM and a maximum capacity of 5.3 x 10(10) sites/100 mug protein, and the other with an apparent K(d) of 25 nM and a binding capacity of 1.4 x 10(12) sites/100 mug protein. Measurement of the ability of several thyronine analogues to inhibit the binding of [(125)I]T(3) revealed the following rank order of potency: l-T(3) > l-T(4) > d-T(3) = d-T(4) > l-3,5-T(2) > rT(3) > d,l-thyronine. Binding of T(3) was inhibited by the omission of calcium from the medium or by the addition of the beta adrenergic antagonist alprenolol. As judged from studies of the lower affinity binding site, these manipulations decreased the affinity, but not the number, of binding sites for T(3). The relative potencies of thyronine analogues to inhibit the binding of [(125)I]T(3) were generally parallel to their previously reported potencies in stimulating the uptake of the sugar analogue 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) in intact rat thymocytes in vitro. Further, the inhibition of T(3)-binding produced by l-alprenolol or by excluding calcium from the medium resembled the previously reported inhibition that these manipulations produce with respect to T(3)-induced enhancement of 2-DG uptake. These findings suggest that the binding sites for T(3) present in the plasma membrane of rat thymocytes act as functional receptors linked to the stimulation of 2-DG uptake that T(3) induces in these cells.
Recurring Structural Chromosome Abnormalities in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients With Mycosis Fungoides/Sézary Syndrome
Authors: Maya Thangavelu, William G. Finn, Krishna K. Yelavarthi, Henry H. Roenigk, Ellen Samuelson, LoAnn Peterson, Timothy M. Kuzel, Steven T. Rosen
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 13888: Bilirubin Levels and Risk of Prediabetes in Young and Healthy Adults
Authors: Matthias Bossard, Stefanie Aeschbacher, Tobias Schoen, Thomas Hochgruber, Mirco Von Rotz, Jonas Blum, Martin Risch, Lorenz Risch, David Conen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose:  Inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We therefore assessed the relationship between levels of serum bilirubin, an endogenous antioxidant, and risk of prediabetes in young and healthy individuals.   Methods:  A population-based cross-sectional study of healthy adults aged 25-41 years was performed. Individuals with known diabetes, body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 and prevalent cardiovascular disease were excluded. Total bilirubin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed from venous blood samples using a Cobas 6000 (Roche, Switzerland) and high-performance liquid chromatography (Bio-Rad D-10, Switzerland), respectively. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.4%.   Results:  Of 1574 participants, 27.3% had prediabetes. The median (interquartile range) levels of total bilirubin were significantly lower in prediabetics compared with individuals without prediabetes (8.6 (6.8; 13.7) vs. 10.3 (6.8; 12.0) umol/l, p   Conclusion:  We found a highly significant inverse association between total bilirubin levels and prediabetes. These data suggest that oxidative stress may be an important factor in the early development of type 2 diabetes, especially among men.