tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Modern Algebra for Biologists
Authors: Anthony F. Bartholomay
Journal: JAMA (1964)

For medical and biological researchers who would like an interesting and easygoing introduction to certain branches of so-called modern mathematics which are just beginning to be applied to biology, this book is very highly recommended. There are no specific mathematical prerequisites, although one might say that the level of presentation requires mathematical preparation corresponding to, say, the first two years of collegiate mathematics. The topics covered are drawn mainly from set theory, graph theory, group theory, vector spaces and matrices. This book, however, has a determined orientation toward possible biological applications. It is based on a set of lectures delivered by Dr. Nahikian of the University of North Carolina, as visiting lecturer in the Division of Biological Sciences of the University of Chicago during the spring quarter of 1962. Apparently the course on which this book is based was intended as a mathematical introduction to the abstract relational biology expounded
Carbon Nanotube Composites as Multifunctional Substrates for In Situ Actuation of Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: John Landers, Jeffrey T. Turner, Greg Heden, Aaron L. Carlson, Neal K. Bennett, Prabhas V. Moghe, Alexander V. Neimark
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

For the first time, single-walled carbon nanotube–polymer composites are shown to enhance human neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation with electrical stimulation. The substrates are electrically conductive, mechanically robust, and highly biocompatible with human NSC cultures. The substrate's fibrous topography mimicking the extracellular matrix enhances neuronal lineage expression and electro-conductivity provides means for controlled stimulation of neuronal maturation.
Language as a consequence and an enabler of the exercise of higher-order relational capabilities: Evidence from toddlers
Authors: Marilyn Shatz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Data on toddler language acquisition and use support the idea of a cognitive “supermodule” that can resolve contradictory claims about human-animal similarities. Examples of imagination, aesthetic evaluation, theory of mind (ToM), and language learning reveal higher-order, relational, abstract capabilities early on. Although language itself may be a consequence of exercising this supermodule, it enables further cognitive operations on indirect experience to go far beyond animal accomplishments.
The Urinary Tract
Authors: J. Rai, A. Malalasekera, T. Terry, A. Deane
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Copyrighted Material, used by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons Limited. For personal use only, must not be reproduced or shared with third parties. Anyone wishing to reproduce this content in whole or in part, in print or in electronic format, should contact digitalrightsuk@wiley.com

Browse the ABC series at www.wiley.com

### Overview

Ten percent of abdominal trauma leads to renal injury and most of these injuries are mild and can be managed non-operatively. Over the last decade, indications for surgical intervention have been clarified with early use of contrast-enhanced computed axial tomography (CAT) scan imaging. The outcome has been decreased nephrectomy rates using initial conservative management, without any increase in morbidity.

### Epidemiology

Renal trauma is an affliction mainly of young men (Box 1), the male-to-female ratio being 3:1. Blunt trauma accounts for over 90% of renal injuries in the UK. Important associated intra-abdominal injuries occur in about 40% of patients with blunt renal trauma. Penetrating injuries cause more renal damage in comparison to blunt trauma and are also more commonly associated with multiorgan involvement (up to 80%).

Box 1 
### Typical victims of urinary tract traumaRETURN TO TEXT

### Mechanism of injury

The mechanism of renal injury in blunt trauma can be due to either direct or indirect transmission of forces (Figure 1). In direct trauma the injury results from impact of the lower ribs and anterior abdominal wall with the kidney (e.g. run over injuries). Rapid posterior movement of the kidney can cause a second impact with the lumbar spine and paravertebral …
CARDIAC MRI MAY BE THE ‘CRYSTAL BALL’ FOR RISK STRATIFICATION IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY: THE IMPACT OF AN LV MID-MYOCARDIAL STRIPE ON SUBSEQUENT LVAD AND TRANSPLANTATION RISK
Authors: Robert W. Biederman, Mark Doyle, Srinivas Murali, Diane Vido, Vikas Rathi, Saundra Grant, June Yamrozik, Ronald Williams, Raymond Benza, George Sokos, David Dean, Peter Olson, Jose Venero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Endocarditis Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis
Authors: Regina C. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE CAUSATIVE organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever,<i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i>, has been implicated in only ten reported cases of bacterial endocarditis.<sup>1-9</sup>The purpose of this paper is to describe two additional cases of bacterial endocarditis caused by<i>S moniliformis</i>and to discuss the therapy of the disease. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 70-year-old white woman was admitted to the New York Hospital for the first time on Jan 3, 1949, because of nausea and weight loss of six weeks' duration. One week prior to admission fever and cough had developed and she had been treated with parenteral administration of penicillin up to the time of admission. She was afebrile at the time of admission. Physical examination revealed a systolic thrill and a loud systolic murmur at the aortic area. The hemoglobin level was 8.8 gm/100 ml. No blood cultures were taken and she was discharged. Three months later
An Association for Patient-Oriented Research
Authors: Jules Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Physician-scientists, who study the pathogenesis of disease by using both bedside observations and modern laboratory techniques, are decreasing in number. Ideally, in any profession, some members are devoted to developing its scholarly basis; in contrast, technologists perform activities derived from the work of scientists or scholars. Therefore, the decreasing number of physician-scientists may cause medicine to become a technology rather than a profession. This atrophy in patient-oriented research is caused in part by the current state of laboratory science: Discoveries that are not generated from clinical observations often elucidate many aspects of disease. Furthermore, economic necessities have impelled research-oriented physicians to choose between delivery of health care and performance of basic laboratory science. This paper discusses the continuing need for detailed observation of human disease as a driving force in the development of biomedical science, which combines clinical and laboratory observations. To further the development of this field, the Association for Patient-Oriented Research has been founded. This association will be a new forum in which physician-scientists can present their work and encourage other physicians to join in the research endeavor.
The Agnew Clinic
Authors: Marcy Seligman Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I was delighted to see The Agnew Clinic by Thomas Eakins gracing the cover of the May 23/30 issue of JAMA . I also enjoyed the accompanying article by M. Therese Southgate, MD 1 ; however, I was disappointed by two statements in that article.  First, Dr Southgate refers to an unidentified nurse. The nurse is not unidentified. She is Mary V. Clymer, winner of the Nightingale Medal on her graduation from the nursing school in 1889.  The second point I must disagree with is Dr Southgate's closing paragraph, which states that  The Agnew Clinic was met with disapproval by both peers and public. As a result, it remains today with its original owner, hanging in a foyer of the University of Pennsylvania. While it is true that Eakins' greatness was unrecognized by most of his contemporaries, The Agnew Clinic is looked on as a priceless treasure by generations
The Student of Stones
Authors: George Young
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AURA3 Design: a Randomised, Phase III Study of Azd9291 Versus Second-Line Chemotherapy for Patients (PTS) with Egfr-Tki-Resistant (T790M) Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Y.-L. Wu, V.A. Papadimitrakopoulou, S. Ghiorghiu, A. Templeton, T.S.K. Mok
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Anaesthetist wins payout from trust that admits libelling him
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A locum consultant anaesthetist has won a six figure sum in damages and costs in a settlement with a hospital trust that apologised for libelling him in letters to the General Medical Council.

Michael Fish sued Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Ye Myint, clinical director of the department of anaesthesia at Barnsley Hospital, over two letters stating that Fish had fraudulently claimed for more hours than he had worked while a locum there between July and October 2009.

In a statement read out at the High Court in London on 19 March, the morning the libel trial had been due to start, Barnsley Hospital and Myint confirmed that “they now recognise and accept that Dr Fish did not make any fraudulent claims.”

Although it did not go to a judgment, the case is a cautionary tale for NHS …
Antimicrobial effects of mechanical debridement
Authors: GREGOR J. PETERSILKA, BENJAMIN EHMKE, THOMAS F. FLEMMIG
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2002)

Self-performed plaque removal using manual or powered toothbrushes and interdental cleaning devices is improved in subjects that have received oral hygiene instructions. Personal oral hygiene coupled with regular professional supragingival debridement may further improve the level of plaque control but still fails to achieve a completely plaque-free dentition. Both patient-performed and professional supragingival plaque removal has an effect on subgingival microbiota that is limited to the marginal 3 mm of the periodontal pocket. At sites with 4 mm or more of probing depth, only subgingival scaling leads to a significant reduction of the bacterial load. The subgingival microflora can be further reduced by pocket elimination surgery. Due to the sequence of bacterial recolonization that occurs following mechanical debridement, the level of periodontal pathogens such as B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and T. denticola may be reduced for several months. Mechanical debridement also influences the patient's immune system response, resulting in antibody titers and avidity against periodontal pathogens. As a basis for the restoration and maintenance of periodontal health, repeated subgingival debridement, as performed in supportive periodontal therapy, can reduce the number and proportions of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque. However, intensive subgingival scaling and root planing should be avoided in sites that probe less than 3 mm, as this is likely to traumatize the periodontium and cause attachment loss.
Echocardiographic spectrum of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve.
Authors: Z Q Farooki, J G Henry, E W Green
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Sixteen patients aged between one day to 18 years with Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve were studied with ultrasound. The findings were compared with a group of 74 patients without Ebstein's malformation. Two features were considered specific for Ebstein's malformation: 1) ability to record the anterior tricuspid leaflet (ATL) farther to the left of the left sternal border than in the control group; and 2) abnormally prolonged interval between the "C" points of the tricuspid and the mitral valve echoes (McTcI). All other parameters measured were nonspecific for Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. The sail sound was recorded in ten patients with Ebstein's malformation and occurred at the time when the anterior tricuspid leaflet was in the most posterior position. In a patient with congenital heart disease, an McTc interval greater than 0.03 sec and recording of an anterior tricuspid leaflet near the apex of the heart strongly suggest the diagnosis of Ebstein's malformation. These two criteria were not fulfilled in any patient who did not have Ebstein's malformation. Conversely, however, absence of these two features does not rule out Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve.
Lack of care homes blamed for delays in discharge of old people
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An acute shortage of places in care homes means that the government is likely to miss its target of speeding up the discharge of elderly patients by 2004, the National Audit Office said this week.

Four thousand elderly people each day remain in hospitals throughout England despite being declared fit to leave, at an estimated cost to the government of £1m ($1.6m; €1.5m) a day. …
Abstract LB-191: Loss of the wild-type <i>Kras</i> allele enhances the cellular proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in a conditional <i>P16</i> and <i>Kras mutant</i> mouse model
Authors: Wanglong Qiu, Fikret Sahin, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Dario Garcia-Carracedo, Wendy M. Wang, Dan E. Arking, Andrew M. Lowy, Ralph H. Hruban, Helen E. Remotti, Gloria H. Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Discussion Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-191.
Effect of complete sulfation of bile acids on bile formation: Role of conjugation and number of sulfate groups
Authors: Ibrahim Yousef, Diane Mignault, Beatriz Tuchweber
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The effect of complete sulfation of conjugated cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids on bile formation was investigated in rats. The sulfated bile acids were infused intravenously in stepwise increasing doses (1, 2, 3 and 4 μmol/min/100 gm body wt) in rats after 90 min of bile acid pool depletion. The effects of these bile acids on bile flow, bile salt, biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion rates were determined. In addition, their choleretic activity and their effect on biliary lipid secretion were calculated. Appropriate controls infused with nonsulfated bile were also performed. The sulfated bile acids increased bile flow with increasing the infusion doses, and the maximum bile flow was significantly higher than nonsulfated bile acids. Although cholestasis was developed during the infusion of nonsulfated bile acids, no cholestatic effect was observed for sulfated bile acids. With the exception of cholic acid, sulfation significantly increased the bile acid secretory rate maximum. The sulfates of chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids were further hydroxylated. The choleretic activities for all the sulfated bile acids were significantly higher than the nonsulfated bile acids. All the sulfated bile acids significantly reduced the biliary lipid secretion, and a significant correlation was found between the choleretic activity and the phospholipid-dependent bile acid secretion. The data also showed that infusion of sulfated taurine-conjugated bile acids produced higher bile flow and bile acid secretion rate and was less effective when biliary lipid secretion rates were reduced compared with glycine conjugates. It is concluded that sulfated conjugated bile acids may have a role in protection during cholestasis either by stimulation of bile flow or by reduction of biliary lipid secretion, thus protecting cell membranes from the detergent properties of high concentrations of nonsulfated bile acids. (Hepatology 1992;15:438-445).
Profiling the Evolution of Human Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Authors: Brian E. Nicholson, Henry F. Frierson, Mark R. Conaway, Jabed M. Seraj, Michael A. Harding, Garret M. Hampton, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Pulmonary metastases frequently develop in patients with aggressive bladder cancer, yet investigation of this process at the molecular level suffers from the poor availability of human metastatic tumor tissue and the absence of suitable animal models. To address this, we developed progressively more metastatic human bladder cancer cell lines and an in vivo bladder-cancer lung-metastasis model, and we successfully used these to identify genes of which the expression levels change according to the degree of pulmonary metastatic potential. By initially intravenously injecting the poorly metastatic T24T human urothelial cancer cells into nude mice, and then serially reintroducing and reisolating the human tumor cells from the resultant mouse lung tumors, three derivative human lines with increasingly metastatic phenotypes, designated FL1, FL2, and FL3, were sequentially isolated. To identify the genes associated with the most lung-metastatic phenotype, the RNA complement from the parental and derivative cells was evaluated with oligonucleotide microarrays. In doing so, we found 121 genes to be progressively up-regulated during the transition from T24T to FL3, whereas 43 genes were progressively down-regulated. As expected, many of the genes identified in these groups could, according to the ascribed functions of their protein product, theoretically participate in tissue invasion and metastasis. In addition, the magnitude of gene expression changes observed during the metastatic transition correlated with the in vivo propensity for earlier lung colonization and decreased host survival. To additionally define which genes found in the experimental system were of relevance to human bladder cancer lung metastasis, we evaluated gene expression profiles of 23 primary human bladder tumors of various stages and grades, and then we compared these gene expression profiles to the altered profiles in our model cell lines. Here we found that the expression of epiregulin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)14, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) were consistently and progressively up-regulated when viewed as a function of tumor stage in tissues of patients versus the metastatic potential seen in the mouse lung model. The strong correlation of these four markers between the experimental and clinical situations helps validate this system as a useful tool for the study of lung metastasis and defines targets of therapy that may reduce the incidence of this process in patients.
Ethical issues in diagnosis and management of patients in the permanent vegetative state
Authors: D. T Wade
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Personal view p 372

Gastrostomy feeding has been withdrawn from around 20 people diagnosed as being in the permanent vegetative state in the United Kingdom, inevitably resulting in their death from dehydration. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by healthcare professionals and legality is conferred by the courts, but the ethical position is not formally considered. This article outlines some specific ethical issues.

#### Summary points

The diagnosis of the permanent vegetative state cannot be absolutely certain

There is no standard test of awareness and data on prognosis are limited

Patients in the permanent vegetative state raise ethical issues concerning the nature of consciousness, quality of life, the value society attributes to life, and handling of uncertainty

In an era of increasing demands on healthcare resources decisions have to be made about allocation of limited resources and how quality of life is to be judged

The permanent vegetative state is diagnosed when a patient is unaware of himself or herself and his or her environment and there is no prospect of any change in this state by any means. The clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the condition have been established (box).1–6 Nevertheless, the clinical diagnosis is not always easy because there is a spectrum from the vegetative state to full awareness. The border between these two states is referred to as the low awareness state.1 No absolute definition exists for low awareness state. Generally, however, the patient behaves in a way that implies that at times he or she may be able to extract meaning from a stimulus and may be able to respond in a goal directed way. Usually the state is intermittent, with only vegetative responses being present at other times. Rarely, it may be possible to establish some form of rudimentary communication. We do not know if …
Respiration in Health and Disease
Authors: Paul T. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is the latest revision of what has been for many years a valuable textbook for introducing the medical student to respiration and providing the clinician with a concise and helpful source for reviewing this subject. The contents have been gathered, organized, and written essentially by one person, allowing for a clarity, predictability, and readability often lacking in multiauthor texts. The book is generously illustrated with superb, easily understandable drawings. One third of the book covers the basics of pulmonary physiology and pulmonary function testing, replete with the usual formulas, which here lose some of their intimidation because of a lucid and abundantly illustrated text. The sections on the manifestations and the assessment of respiratory disease are an excellent primer for respiratory history and physical diagnosis. The short chapter on radiological assessment should be read and retained by all senior medical students, no matter what their eventual interests. The