tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of pyridostigmine bromide on serum bromide concentration and the anion gap.
Authors: V Faradji-Hazan, J R Oster, D G Fedeman, A R Clerch, G O Perez
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 1(9):p 1123-1125, March 1991. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V191123
Association between inflammatory cytokines and the development of multiple symptoms in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing chemoradiation therapy
Authors: X. S. Wang, Q. Shi, L. Mao, C. S. Cleeland, Z. Liao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9638 Background: Patients with cancer who undergo aggressive chemoradiation therapy (CXRT) suffer from multiple treatment- related symptoms, such as pain, poor appetite, sleeping disturbance and fatigue. It has been proposed that an inflammation response to treatment insult may be one mechanism for increases in several treatment-related symptoms. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 60 patients undergoing CXRT for locally advanced unresectable (stage II-IIIB) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reported symptoms weekly using the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), from before CXRT through 7 weeks of therapy. Weekly serum samples were tested for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the effect of changes in cytokine levels on symptom development during CXRT. Results: Symptoms increased gradually from pre-therapy throughout CXRT. Among 264 observations, controlled for age, sex, race, recurrence, pretreatment status, total radiotherapy dose, and CXRT technique (IMRT vs 3DCRT), over-time change in serum sTNF-R1 was the single predictor (estimate value 1.76, SE 0.69, P<.01) of over-time change in the severity of total MDASI symptom scores. Changes in IL-6 (estimate value 0.79, SE 0.19, P<.001) and IL-8 (estimate value −0.50, SE 0.17, P<.01) were significantly associated with increased pain and sore throat from radiation-induced esophagitis. Increased IL-6 (estimate value 0.33, SE 0.16, P<.05) was the single cytokine predicting increased severity in the 5 worst symptoms during therapy, including pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, poor appetite, and sore throat. Increased sTNF-R1 was the single predictor of worsened psychological symptoms (distress and sadness) (estimate value 2.61, SE 1.27, P<.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal analysis identified an association between serum inflammatory cytokines and symptom development over time in NSCLC patients receiving CXRT. These results suggest an inflammation mechanism as one pathway for increases in treatment-related symptoms. Further study to confirm a causal relationship is merited. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 14707: Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) on Right Ventricular (RV) Function
Authors: Abhishek Sharma, Carl J Lavie, Ajay Vallakati, Sunny Goel, Debabrata Mukherjee, Edgar Lichstein
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves left ventricular size and function in patients with markedly abnormal ECG QRS duration. However, the effect of CRT on RV function has not been well described. Objective: To evaluate change in RV function after CRT. Methods: A systematic search of studies published between 1966 to May 2014 was conducted using Pub Med, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and the Web of Science databases. Studies reporting tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) or RV basal strain or RV long axis diameter or RV short axis diameter or RV fractional area change (FAC) before and after CRT were identified. A meta-analysis was performed using random effects with inverse variance method to determine the change in various parameters of RV function after CRT therapy. Results: Twelve studies (N=1478) were selected for final analysis. CRT therapy led to statistically significant increase in TAPSE [1.32(95% CI 0.67 -1.96; p&lt;0.001)], RV FAC [2.88 (95% CI 0.94; 4.83; p=0.004)] and basal strain [2.03(95% CI 0.81-3.26; p=0.001)] and statistically significant decrease in mean RV long axis [-2.95 (95% CI -5.07; -0.83; p=0.01)] and short axis [- 1.39 (95% CI -2.11; -0.67; p&lt;0.001)] after a mean follow up period of 8.7 months. Conclusion: CRT resulted in improved RV size and function as measured by TAPSE, RV FAC, RV basal strain, RV long axis and short axis diameters. Future studies should assess the impact of these changes on symptoms, quality of life and major HF morbidity and mortality.
Medical rescue of naval combat: challenges and future
Authors: Hai Jin, Li-Jun Hou, Xiao-Bing Fu
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

There has been no large-scale naval combat in the last 30 years. With the rapid development of battleships, weapons manufacturing and electronic technology, naval combat will present some new characteristics. Additionally, naval combat is facing unprecedented challenges. In this paper, we discuss the topic of medical rescue at sea: what challenges we face and what we could do. The contents discussed in this paper contain battlefield self-aid buddy care, clinical skills, organized health services, medical training and future medical research programs. We also discuss the characteristics of modern naval combat, medical rescue challenges, medical treatment highlights and future developments of medical rescue at sea.
Abstract P366: Promoter Methylation of the Monoamine Oxidase a Gene is Associated With Fasting Plasma Glucose: A Monozygotic Twin Study
Authors: QIANG AN, Viola Vaccarino, Jack Goldberg, Jinying Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Epigenetic factors play an important role in complex diseases including diabetes. The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene codes for the enzyme MAOA that plays a key role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. No study has examined the association of MAOA methylation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), independent of genetic factors. Objective: To examine whether MAOA promoter methylation variation is associated with FPG, independent of familiar factors. Methods: We studied 69 middle-aged, male-male monozygotic twin pairs drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. All twins were free of overt diabetes. DNA methylation at seven CpG sites in the MAOA promoter region was quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing using genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. To examine whether MAOA promoter methylation variation influences FPG, we first calculated the intra-pair difference, defined as the difference in DNA methylation level at each CpG site between members of a twin pair. The intra-pair differences in FPG and other potential confounding factors were similarly calculated. We then conducted a matched pair analysis by regressing the intra-pair difference in FPG (dependent variable) on the intra-pair difference in DNA methylation level at each CpG site (independent variable), adjusting for intra-pair differences in body mass index (BMI), smoking pack-years, physical activity and depressive symptoms assessed by beck depression inventory (BDI). Multiple testing was corrected by the FDR p-value (or q-value) with a significant threshold of q&lt;0.05. Results: The mean age of the twins was 55 years old. DNA methylation at the seven examined CpG sites varied from 1.6% to 19.0% with a mean methylation level of 5.0%. Intra-pair difference in FPG was significantly and positively correlated with intra-pair difference in methylation level at 3 out of the 7 CpG sites (r2 ranges 0.10 to 0.18, all P&lt;0.025) as well as the mean methylation level (r2=0.10, p=0.026). Matched-pair analysis showed that methylation variation at 3 CpG sites was significantly associated with FPG (β ranges 1.83 to 2.33, all P&lt;0.015), independent of BMI, smoking, physical activity and depressive symptoms. On average, a 1% increase in the intra-pair difference in mean methylation level was associated with a 2.21 mg/dl increase in the intra-pair difference in FPG (P=0.015). Conclusion: Methylation variation in the MAOA gene promoter is associated with FPG, independent of genetic and other clinical factors. This finding suggests a novel mechanism through which MAOA methylation variation, and perhaps its resulting changes in neurotransmitters, may contribute to diabetes.
Impediments to effective fertility reduction
Authors: T. Black
Journal: BMJ (1999)

On 12 October world population will reach 6 billion. It is just 12 years since the five billion mark was passed. In another 12 years we will approach seven billion. On the front line of reproductive health provision there is optimism, tempered with frustration. The good news is that a revolution in reproductive behaviour is sweeping the developing world; the bad, that we are failing to meet the needs of millions of couples who want to plan their families but cannot access contraceptive services.

In the 1960s 10% of couples in developing countries used contraception. Today 50% do. Total fertility has fallen from six children per couple to just over three. The principal cause of this decline has been the rapid and widespread adoption of contraception.1 The number of couples practising contraception is approaching western levels of use (75%). In Latin America it has reached 68%, in Asia 60%, and in the Middle …
HYPOGLYCEMIA FOLLOWING ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Jonathan C. Meakins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 April 1940HYPOGLYCEMIA FOLLOWING ENCEPHALITISJONATHAN C. MEAKINS, M.D., F.A.C.P.JONATHAN C. MEAKINS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-10-1830 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe recognition of hypoglycemia as the causative factor in the production of a fairly definite group of symptoms has commanded considerable attention in recent years. Both from experimental and clinical observations it has been associated with a wide distribution of pathological lesions. These are tabulated below.Causes of hypoglycemiaI. New-born infants.A. Starvation;B. Diabetic mother.II. Pituitary.A. Experimental ablation (uncontrolled insulin action);B. Deficient anterior secretion (increased insulin action);C. Pituitary pancreatropic substance;D. Simmonds' disease;E. Basophile adenoma;F. Adiposogenital dystrophy.III. Thyroid.A. Experimental ablation;B. Myxedema;C. Cretinism.IV. Adrenal.A. Experimental ablation;B....References1. ADLERSBERGFRIEDMAN DR: Über Veränderungen des Kohlehydratstoffwechsels bei Erkrankungen des Mittel-Zwischenhirns, Ztschr. f. d. ges. exper. Med., 1934, xciii, 316. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. BARRISINGRAM RWWR: Evidence of altered carbohydrate metabolism in cats with hypothalamic lesions, Am. Jr. Physiol., 1936, cxiv, 562. Google Scholar3. D'AMOURKELLER MCAD: Blood sugar studies following hypophysectomy and experimental lesions of hypothalamus, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1933, xxx, 1175. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. MIKI S: Experimentelle Studien über das regulierende Zentrum des Kohlehydratstoffwechsels im Zwischenhirn, Fukuoka—Ikwadaigaku-Zasshi, 1932, xxv, 35. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal, Quebec,*Received for publication July 22, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHYPOGLYCÆMIA IN CHILDREN WITH KWASHIORKORPrognostic and etiologic factors in hypoglycemiaCyclical Edema and Reactive HypoglycemiaIslet cell tumors of the pancreas and hyperinsulinismChanges in Pancreatic Physiology Incident to Pancreatic Disease or SurgerySpontaneous hypoglycemia 1 April 1940Volume 13, Issue 10Page: 1830-1836KeywordsAdenomasEncephalitisHypoglycemiaInfantsInsulin secretionLesionsStarvationThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
Emergence of BSE in Spain provokes political spat
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Spanish ministers of health and farming are being criticised over their management of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis that is currently affecting the country.

A lack of coordination between the ministries in tackling the crisis and a series of alarmist public statements by Celia Villalobos, minister of health, have led the government's vice president, Mariano Rajoy, to take over the handling of the issue. He has set up a crisis committee to deal with the disease.

Spain—a country that had always boasted that it remained free of BSE—has seen the appearance of eight cases in less than two months. The cases were detected after the country introduced nationwide tests …
EXPERIENCES IN THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: Lawrence D. Thompson, Joseph C. Edwards, C. L. Hoagland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 January 1940EXPERIENCES IN THE TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIALAWRENCE D. THOMPSON, M.D., JOSEPH C. EDWARDS, M.D., C. L. HOAGLAND, M.D.LAWRENCE D. THOMPSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH C. EDWARDS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. L. HOAGLAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-7-1138 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the winter of 1938-39 the opportunity was presented to study the incidence of pneumococcus infection in a group of hospitals in the St. Louis area. We also observed the therapeutic effects of type specific rabbit serum and sulfapyridine in two series of cases. In this paper no attempt is being made to review the literature nor to enter into a discussion of the mode of action of sulfapyridine. We merely desire to present two series of cases, one drug treated and one treated with type specific rabbit serum so that as other similar series are reported a composite picture... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Read before the American Therapeutic Society May 13, 1939.From the Department of Medicine of Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.The work was made possible by grants to the Washington University School of Medicine from Eli Lilly and Company of Indianapolis who also supplied the type specific rabbit serum. Sulfapyridine was available through the courtesy of the Merck Chemical Company.The authors are indebted to the St. Louis Department of Health and to the laboratory and clinical staffs of practically all the hospitals in St. Louis and St. Louis County for their full coöperation.Particular thanks should be extended to Dr. A. P. Rowlette for supplying space and accommodations in the City Hospital and to Dr. S. H. Gray and Dr. George Hunt of the laboratory department of the City Hospital for their many suggestions and also for the use of the laboratories. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBACTERIOLOGY OF EMPYEMAChanging Aspects of the Etiology and Treatment of Pleural EmpyemaDiagnosis of empyema 1 January 1940Volume 13, Issue 7Page: 1138-1149KeywordsClinical laboratoriesDrugsPneumococcusPneumoniaRabbitsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 January 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
Growth and development of a new subspecialty: Pediatric hepatology
Authors: William F. Balistreri
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Several major forces converged to catalyze the formal emergence of a body of knowledge and an organized focus on disorders of the liver in early life. Attendant to the development of a focused clinical subspecialty the pace of patient- and laboratory-based research in the field quickened in parallel to decipher the consequences of genetic or metabolic aberrations on immature liver structure and function. The key research observations that catalyzed the emergence and subsequent rapid growth of Pediatric Hepatology include: (1) an understanding of the dynamic events occurring during hepatobiliary development and the importance of these physiologic variables that occur during liver maturation; (2) the recognition of the unique nature of inherited and acquired liver diseases that affect infants and children-such as biliary atresia and Reye's syndrome; and (3) redefinition of the once obscure inherited intrahepatic cholestatic diseases of the liver, which, in turn, provided insight into normal and abnormal hepatobiliary physiology. The clinical advances were highlighted by the development of specific approaches to the diagnosis and management of liver disease in infants and children, including both liver transplantation and nontransplant treatment options. These seminal events led to the expansion of the workforce, creating a critical mass consisting of individuals with focused, specialized skills and techniques. In-depth expertise allowed more accurate diagnosis and highly effective treatment strategies for advanced hepatobiliary disease in children. The demand for pediatric clinicians with experience in advanced hepatology allowed sub-sub-specialization to flourish. Continued maturation of the field led to definition of hepatology-focused curricular elements and educational content for Pediatric Gastroenterology training programs, and subsequently the development of program requirements for those who wished to acquire additional training in Pediatric Hepatology. A significant rite of passage was marked by the election of pediatric hepatologists to leadership positions in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD). Further validation of the field occurred with approval of the petition for establishing a Certificate of Added Qualification in Transplant Hepatology by the American Board of Pediatrics. Here I relate my perspective on the history of the advances in our field and the contributions of many of the clinicians and scientists whose efforts led to the development of focused clinical, research, and training programs that improved the care of children with diseases of the liver.
Wenckebach periodicity in single atrioventricular nodal cells from the rabbit heart.
Authors: K Hoshino, J Anumonwo, M Delmar, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Previous studies have suggested that Wenckebach periodicity in cardiac tissues may occur because of discontinuous propagation across junctional areas in which there is high intercellular resistivity or different cell types. Under these conditions, the impulse may stop altogether at a given junction, or may renew its propagation but only after a step delay imposed by the diastolic time-dependent recovery in the excitability of cells distal to that junction. Accordingly, Wenckebach periodicity in the atrioventricular node may be explained in terms of electrotonically mediated delay in the activation of the nodal cells. To test this hypothesis, we have studied recovery of excitability, and susceptibility to rate-dependent activation failure in single myocytes isolated from the adult rabbit atrioventricular node. Recordings were obtained by using the patch technique in the whole-cell, current clamp configuration. Repetitive stimulation of single atrioventricular nodal myocytes with depolarizing current pulses of critical amplitude yielded frequency-dependent stimulus response patterns that ranged from 1:1, through various Wenckebachlike periodicities (e.g., 5:4 and 4:3) to 2:1 and 3:1. Both typical and atypical Wenckebach structures were demonstrated, as well as "complex" patterns (e.g., reverse Wenckebach or alternating Wenckebach) previously ascribed to multiple levels of block. The diastolic recovery of excitability curve, determined by application of repetitive stimuli at cycle lengths that were longer than the action potential duration, showed a monotonic function with a refractory period outlasting the action potential duration (i.e., postrepolarization refractoriness). Abbreviation of the stimulation cycle length to values below those of the action potential duration revealed the existence of a period of supernormal excitability during the repolarizing phase of the action potential. In either case, the stimulus response patterns obtained were a direct consequence of the shape of the recovery of excitability curve. The monotonic portion of the recovery curve was fitted to an empirical equation that when iterated reproduced the stimulus response patterns observed in the atrioventricular nodal cell. Our data demonstrate that recovery of excitability after an action potential is indeed a function of the diastolic interval, and that this slow process sets the conditions for the development of Wenckebach periodicity in the atrioventricular node.
Abstract 14143: Comparison of Lipid Parameters as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease and Effects of Low Dose Pravastatin in Japanese Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Hirohito Sone, Rimei Nishimura, Tomoko Nakagami, Yasuo Ohashi, Naoko Tajima
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background and aims: We compared the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipid parameters (low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], the ratio of LDL-C per high-density lipoprotein c...