tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UNCOMPENSATED ALKALOSIS IN ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: GEORGE A. HARROP
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The possible conditions of the acid-base balance of the blood, considering as variables the amount of bicarbonate present, and the hydrogen-ion concentration, have recently been defined by Van Slyke.<sup>1</sup>Three of these variations, (<i>a</i>) the normal condition of health (in which both bicarbonate and<i>p</i>H are within normal limits), and the conditions of (<i>b</i>) compensated acidosis (normal<i>p</i>H, low bicarbonate), and of (<i>c</i>) uncompensated acidosis (low<i>p</i>H, low bicarbonate), are the ones most commonly observed. Several of the other theoretical possibilities have been reported as occurring either experimentally or clinically. The present communication is for the purpose of reporting a case of epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis with a disturbance of the respiratory mechanism producing a prolonged, extremely rapid, shallow type of breathing. So far as we have been able to discover, the condition of the acid-base equilibrium which was found has not previously been described as occurring
White Paper on the Therapeutic Equivalence of Chemically Equivalent Drugs
Authors: W. B. Castle
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Recent reports of considerable variation in the serum levels, and therefore in the probable biological activities, of equal doses of certain drugs marketed by different manufacturers, focus attention upon an important determinant of drug efficacy. These variations indicate that therapeutic equivalence, or equal biological activity, cannot necessarily be inferred from equivalence in the chemical constitution of different formulations of the same drug. In the Drug Efficacy Study, it has been found that, in many cases, no data bearing on biological activity of chemically equivalent drugs are available other than those submitted by the manufacturer who originally filed a New Drug Application for his product. For this reason, the following qualifying addendum was approved by the Policy Advisory Committee of the Drug Efficacy Study and was forwarded to the Food and Drug Administration with each of the 26 groups: Drugs of identical chemical composition (so-called generic drugs) formulated and marketed by
Association of Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and Phthalate Metabolites with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Investigation in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII Cohorts
Authors: Qi Sun, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Mary K. Townsend, Deirdre K. Tobias, A. Heather Eliassen, Adrian A. Franke, Russ Hauser, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Prospective evidence regarding associations for exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking.We prospectively examined urinary concentrations of BPA and phthalate metabolites with T2D risk.We measured BPA and eight major phthalate metabolites among 971 incident T2D case-control pairs from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (mean age, 65.6 years) and NHSII (mean age, 45.6 years).In the NHSII, BPA levels were not associated with incident T2D in multivariate-adjusted analysis until body mass index was adjusted: odds ratio (OR) comparing extreme BPA quartiles increased from 1.40 (95% CI: 0.91, 2.15) to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.69; p(trend) = 0.02) with such an adjustment. In contrast, BPA concentrations were not associated with T2D in the NHS (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.38; p(trend) = 0.45). Likewise, urinary concentrations of total phthalate metabolites were associated with T2D in the NHSII (OR comparing extreme quartiles = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.85; p(trend) = 0.02), but not in the NHS (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.49, 1.53; p(trend) = 0.29). Summed metabolites of butyl phthalates or di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates were significantly associated with T2D only in the NHSII; ORs comparing extreme quartiles were 3.16 (95% CI: 1.68, 5.95; p(trend) = 0.0002) and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.49; p(trend) = 0.20), respectively.These results suggest that BPA and phthalate exposures may be associated with the risk of T2D among middle-aged, but not older, women. The divergent findings between the two cohorts might be explained by menopausal status or simply by chance. Clearly, these results need to be interpreted with caution and should be replicated in future studies, ideally with multiple urine samples collected prospectively to improve the measurement of these exposures with short half-lives.
X-RAY TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE SKIN*
Authors: B. W. Windeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1943)

Journal Article X‐RAY TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE SKIN Get access B. W. Windeyer, F.R.C.S.Ed., F.F.R., D.M.R.E. B. W. Windeyer, F.R.C.S.Ed., F.F.R., D.M.R.E. The Meyerstein Institute of Radiotherapy, Middlesex Hospital, W. I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 55, Issue 5, 1 May 1943, Pages 113–120, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1943.tb10758.x Published: 01 May 1943
Phagocytosis of tumor cells by human monocytes cultured in recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: D H Munn, N K Cheung
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Macrophages and cultured human monocytes can mediate efficient antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human tumor cells using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The mechanism of this killing is usually assumed to involve secreted factors (reactive oxygen intermediates, tumor necrosis factor, or other cytotoxic factors) leading to target cell lysis. In this study, we present evidence that phagocytosis of intact target cells is the principal mechanism of antitumor cytotoxicity in our in vitro model of ADCC by cultured monocytes. Human monocytes cultured in recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor ingested up to 100% of fluorochrome-labeled melanoma and neuroblastoma target cells, in the presence of an appropriate antitumor mAb. Electron microscopy demonstrated phagocytosis of intact tumor cells by cultured monocytes during ADCC. All of the radionuclide in radiolabeled target cells was taken up by monocytes during phagocytosis. By preventing the release of radioisotope tracers, phagocytosis thus prevents the detection of this very efficient form of cytotoxicity by most conventional assays.
Spontaneously diabetic biobreeding rats and impairment of bile acid–independent bile flow and increased biliary bilirubin, calcium and lipid secretion
Authors: Javier González, Johan Fevery
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Chemically induced diabetes has been reported to induce profound changes in bile formation, but possible toxic effects of the streptozotocin or alloxan used cannot be excluded totally. This study was undertaken to evaluate biliary function in spontaneously diabetic female biobreeding rats with a diabetes duration of 2 wk and compare them with nondiabetic littermates. Diabetic animals evidenced glycosuria, hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Biliary concentration and secretion of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly increased, with no enhancement in the lithogenic index of bile. Bile flow and the biliary secretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were significantly reduced despite the increased bile acid secretion. The cholestatic condition was confirmed by an increased serum concentration of bile acids and a higher activity in serum of the alkaline phosphatase liver isoenzyme. Biliary calcium concentration increased without any change in its serum concentration. A linear relationship was observed between biliary calcium and bile acid secretion. Serum concentration of unconjugated and of conjugated bilirubin was increased 1.6-fold and 8-fold, respectively, with a 1.5-fold enhanced biliary secretion of bilirubins despite the cholestasis; this points to an enhanced bilirubin production. An increased proportion of conjugated bilirubin was found in serum together with an enhanced bilirubin diconjugate/monoconjugate ratio in bile. A higher UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and a delayed transit of bilirubin could account for these effects. Administration of insulin to diabetic animals tended to reverse the above reported changes. The spontaneously diabetic biobreeding rat thus represents a model of bile acid-independent cholestasis with enhanced biliary bile acid and calcium secretion and with presumably an enhanced bilirubin production.
Unilateral sacroiliac overuse syndrome in military recruits.
Authors: R Chisin, C Milgrom, J Margulies, M Giladi, M Stein, H Kashtan, H Atlan
Journal: BMJ (1984)

This report underlines the importance of considering atypical mycobacterial infection in a patient with monoarticular arthritis.As in this case the diagnosis was made by culturing joint aspirate,
Alcoholism and the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene-Reply
Authors: Joel Gelernter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —We still believe that no association between the Al allele at DRD 2 and alcoholism has been proven and that there are better, more conservative explanations for the accumulated data than a physiologically important association. Several of the points raised by Drs Noble and Blum derive from misreadings of our article and from making statements about issues previously addressed by us in detail, without attempts to answer our arguments directly. For example, we did not exclude their first study from our analyses. To the contrary, in an analysis considering the data about alcoholics from their group separately, we demonstrated that their results were significantly different from those obtained by all other researchers. 1   Noble and Blum state that it is important that association studies for alcoholics should use for comparison controls carefully screened for alcoholism. The statement quoted is not, however, an accurate statement about design of association
Characterization of novel natural killer (NK)–cell and γδ T-cell lines established from primary lesions of nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas associated with the Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Hiroshi Nagata, Akiyoshi Konno, Nobuhiro Kimura, Yu Zhang, Michiko Kimura, Ayako Demachi, Teruaki Sekine, Kohtaro Yamamoto, Norio Shimizu
Journal: Blood (2001)
EFFECTS OF SLEEPING WITH THE BED-HEAD RAISED AND OF RANITIDINE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE PEPTIC OESOPHAGITIS
Authors: R.F. Harvey, N. Hadley, T.R. Gill, B.C. Beats, P.C. Gordon, D.E. Long, R.I. Macpherson, A.J. Tottle
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
DETECTION OF RECURRENCE OF LARGE-BOWEL CARCINOMA BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF CIRCULATING CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (C.E.A.)
Authors: T.-P Mach, PH Jaeger, M.-M Bertholet, C.-H Ruegsegger, R.M Loosli, J Pettavel
Journal: The Lancet (1974)
Alcohol and Diabetes
Authors: Janet McDonald
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Newer concepts regarding the management of diabetes favor a diet that is more liberal in carbohydrate content and more personalized for the patient. Ideally, the end result will be improved glycemic control and fewer complications. Allowing more flexibility in the diet is a way of fostering better patient compliance. Alcohol, for example, which is frequently disallowed, can safely be included in the diet of many diabetic patients who desire a drink with meals, provided that certain guidelines are followed. Dietary substitutions can be made with relative ease. Although there are contraindications to its use by certain people, alcohol in moderation does not appear to compromise carbohydrate homeostasis in most individuals and, if early studies are confirmed, could possibly have some beneficial side-effects. More open discussion of alcohol use with patients is needed to give them the know-how to alter their diets and to inform them of the necessary precautions.
Survival Signaling by Notch1: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)–Dependent Inhibition of p53
Authors: Sathish Kumar Mungamuri, XiaoHe Yang, Ann D. Thor, Kumaravel Somasundaram
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Notch signaling is believed to promote cell survival in general. However, the mechanism is not clearly understood. Here, we show that cells expressing intracellular domain of human Notch1 (NIC-1) are chemoresistant in a wild-type p53-dependent manner. NIC-1 inhibited p53 by inhibiting its activating phosphorylations at Ser15, Ser20, and Ser392 as well as nuclear localization. In addition, we found that inhibition of p53 by NIC-1 mainly occurs through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway as the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin treatment abrogated NIC-1 inhibition of p53 and reversed the chemoresistance. Consistent with this, rapamycin failed to reverse NIC-1-induced chemoresistance in cells expressing rapamycin-resistant mTOR. Further, ectopic expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a translational regulator that acts downstream of mTOR, inhibited p53-induced apoptosis and conferred protection against p53-mediated cytotoxicity to similar extent as that of NIC-1 overexpression but was not reversed by rapamycin, which indicates that eIF4E is the major target of mTOR in Notch1-mediated survival signaling. Finally, we show that MCF7 (breast cancer) and MOLT4 (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells having aberrant Notch1 signaling are chemoresistant, which can be reversed by both PI3K and mTOR inhibitors. These results establish that Notch1 signaling confers chemoresistance by inhibiting p53 pathway through mTOR-dependent PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway and imply that p53 status perhaps is an important determinant in combination therapeutic strategies, which use mTOR inhibitors and chemotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4715-24)
The dependence of accumulation of 13NH3 by myocardium on metabolic factors and its implications for quantitative assessment of perfusion.
Authors: S R Bergmann, S Hack, T Tewson, M J Welch, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The residual fraction the fraction of tracer extracted and retained by the myocardium after a bolus injection of "IN-labeled ammonia (NH, " NH+) was studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts under conditions in which flow and cardiac metabolism could be selectively and independently controlled.Residual fraction and clearance (defined as the half-time [tl½21 required for elimination of sequestered tracer) of this positron-emitting tracer were monitored and quantified by coincident detection.Hearts were perfused with either modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer alone (KH) or KH enriched with washed sheep erythrocytes (KH-RBC) to augment oxygen-carrying capacity.In 13 hearts perfused with KH, the residual fraction (Res Fx) of "IN counts was not altered significantly when flow was decreased by 75% from a control rate of 4.2 ml/g/min (Res Fx = 17.9 ± 2.7%; mean s SEM) to 1.2 ml/g/min (Res Fx = 18.4 ± 1.2%, NS).Clearance of "IN was faster because tl/2 decreased from 36 i 5 minutes to 15 : 3 minutes (p < 0.01).In 12 hearts perfused with KH- RBC, Res Fx and tl/2 were not altered despite marked ischemia when flow was diminished by 75% from control flow of 1.4 to 0.3 ml/g/min (control values: Res Fx = 54.6 + 2.4%, tlh = 41 k 6 minutes; low flow values: Res Fx = 58.1 ± 4.4%, tl/2 = 35 ± 10 minutes, NS).In four additional hearts perfused with KH-RBC with 0.02 mg/ml of methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, myocardial retention of ":N counts was reduced by > 60% and myocardial clearance was prolonged compared to pre-inhibition values.The results obtained indicate that the retention and clearance of "'N activity by myocardium are influenced to a considerable extent by the metabolic state of the myocardium.Accordingly, relationships between extraction and retention of tracer and flow per se are complex and preclude direct estimation of perfusionm from the amount of tracer sequestered by the myocardium.*ln this study 13NH, will be used for convenience even though at physiologic pH, NH, is, of course, in equilibrium with NH4+-the dominant species.NH, is readily diffusible into tissue, but the permeability of the ammonium ion is limited.
Rethinking the Information Priorities of Patients
Authors: Daniel R. Longo, Steven H. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pediatric X-ray Diagnosis: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners of Pediatrics, Surgery &amp;amp; Radiology
Authors: G. B. Clifton Harris
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The new edition of this justly renowned textbook maintains the same format as in the past. The material is presented within anatomic divisions—head and neck, thorax, abdomen and gastrointestinal tract, pelvis and genitourinary tract, extremities and vertebral column. In each section are excellent analyses of the normal and normal variants, and Dr. Caffey's continuing interest in this material is most praiseworthy. In particular, I find the material on the normal variants of the skull, axial skeleton, and long bones among the most useful parts of the book. The roentgen features of a great many diseases are well described and correlated with clinical and pathologic findings, where pertinent. The embryogenesis of some congenital anomalies is also briefly demonstrated. There have been extensive revisions of the text and illustrations. Many new conditions have been added, and there are two new sections—on dwarfs and on chromosomal abnormalities. Dr. Frederic N. Silverman, Professor of
The proteoglycan biglycan regulates expression of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 and aggravates murine lupus nephritis
Authors: Kristin Moreth, Rebekka Brodbeck, Andrea Babelova, Norbert Gretz, Tilmann Spieker, Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers, Josef Pfeilschifter, Marian F. Young, Roland M. Schaefer, Liliana Schaefer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

CXCL13 is a key B cell chemoattractant and marker of disease activity in patients with SLE; however, the mechanism of its induction has not been identified yet. Here, we have shown that the proteoglycan biglycan triggers CXCL13 expression via TLR2/4 in macrophages and dendritic cells. In vivo, levels of biglycan were markedly elevated in the plasma and kidneys of human SLE patients and lupus-prone (MRL/lpr) mice. Overexpression of soluble biglycan in MRL/lpr mice raised plasma and renal levels of CXCL13 and caused accumulation of B cells with an enhanced B1/B cell ratio in the kidney, worsening of organ damage, and albuminuria. Importantly, biglycan also triggered CXCL13 expression and B cell infiltration in the healthy kidney. Conversely, biglycan deficiency improved systemic and renal outcome in lupus-prone mice, with lower levels of autoantibodies, less enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes, and reduction in renal damage and albuminuria. This correlated with a marked decline in circulating and renal CXCL13 and a reduction in the number of B cells in the kidney. Collectively, our results describe what we believe to be a novel mechanism for the regulation of CXCL13 by biglycan, a host-derived ligand for TLR2/4. Blocking biglycan-TLR2/4 interactions might be a promising strategy for the management of SLE and other B cell–mediated inflammatory disease entities.
Caring for the Young Handicapped
Authors: M. D. Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The need for detailed, authoritative, scien- tifically based and clinically oriented treat- ments of s-pecific subjects of joint interest to pediatricians and pediatric surgeons," led Mark Ravitch to edit Surgical Conditions in Infancy and.Childhood.The second vol- ume of this series, on ano-rectal malformations, he has wisely entrusted to F
Gerster's Disapproval of the Haslam Traction Bar
Authors: John C. A. Gerster
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My article, describing a turnbuckle and clamp method for reducing fragments of fractures of long bones in the open operation, was considered by you worthy of an abstract in the Current Medical Literature Department (The Journal, Nov. 30, 1912, p. 2002). It may therefore interest your readers for me to serve notice for their protection that an instrument put on the market and called by some "Haslam's or Haslam's modification of Gerster's" (traction bar) and called by others "Gerster's traction bar," does not fulfil the requirements outlined in my article.
Ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation
Authors: K. A. Hallidie-Smith, E. G. J. Olsen, C. M. Oakley, J. F. Goodwin, W. P. Cleland
Journal: Thorax (1969)

We have reviewed our experience of 29 patients with the association of ventricular septal defect and aortic regurgitation, 27 of whom have been treated surgically. Our present approach to the surgical management is outlined and the embryology and pathological anatomy are reviewed. The most common cause of aortic regurgitation was a prolapsed aortic valve cusp, which occurred in 19 patients. Aneurysmal dilatation of an aortic sinus accounted for the regurgitation in three patients, and two patients had both abnormalities. In two patients no cause for the aortic regurgitation was found. Those patients with aortic cusp prolapse commonly had large ventricular septal defects, of which nearly a third were supracristal. Because of cusp prolapse into the ventricular septal defect, and sometimes into the right ventricular outflow tract, the findings at cardiac catheterization often suggested erroneously that the ventricular septal defect was small and that infundibular obstruction was present. Characteristic angiographic features have been demonstrated, in particular the deformed and prolapsed aortic cusp. The various techniques of surgical correction which were used are described, the majority of patients having had a patch closure of the ventricular septal defect and repair of the aortic valve. Some residual aortic regurgitation was usual, but it was improved or minimized in 18 of the 23 survivors, and the more recent results have been particularly encouraging. Closure of the ventricular septal defect alone relieved heart failure in a 3-year-old child. There were four operative deaths (15% mortality) in patients with severe aortic regurgitation, three of whom were in heart failure before operation. The medical course was commonly of slowly increasing severity of the aortic regurgitation with progression to heart failure. However, the individual course was unpredictable and three children developed heart failure within a year of the onset of their aortic regurgitation. Infective endocarditis occurred in a quarter of the patients and usually followed the development of the aortic regurgitation. Despite the difficulties of surgical management it is felt that the unpredictable prognosis, high operative risk once cardiac failure has supervened, and the hazard of infective endocarditis make early operation desirable.