tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colloid Use in the Critically Ill
Authors: Deborah Cook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters3 September 2002Colloid Use in the Critically IllDeborah Cook, MDDeborah Cook, MDMcMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-5_Part_1-200209030-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Wilkes and Navickis raise both ethical and scientific issues. The topic of publication ethics has been featured recently in a partial revision of the document “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Scientific Publication” (1), which was developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Financial relationships such as employment, stock ownership, and honoraria are still considered the most easily recognized potential conflicts of interest and are often not apparent unless they are specifically declared (1). Disclosure of these relationships is crucial for review articles and editorials because bias can be ...References1. DeAngelis CD, Fontanarosa PB, Flanagin A. Reporting financial conflicts of interest and relationships between investigators and research sponsors [Editorial]. JAMA. 2001;286:89-91. [PMID: 11434832] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Davidoff F, DeAngelis CD, Drazen JM, Hoey J, Højgaard L, Horton R, et al . Sponsorship, authorship, and accountability [Editorial]. JAMA. 2001;286:1232-4. [PMID: 11559271] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Wilkes MM, Navickis RJ. Patient survival after human albumin administration. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:149-64. [PMID: 11487482] LinkGoogle Scholar4. . Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers. BMJ. 1998;317:235-40. [PMID: 9677209] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPatient Survival after Human Albumin Administration Mahlon M. Wilkes and Roberta J. Navickis Colloid Use for Fluid Resuscitation: Evidence and Spin Deborah Cook and Gordon Guyatt Colloid Use in the Critically Ill Mahlon M. Wilkes and Roberta J. Navickis Colloid Use in the Critically Ill Mahlon M. Wilkes and Roberta J. Navickis Metrics 3 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 370-371KeywordsAlbuminsConflicts of interestDisclosureMorbidityMortalityRandomized trialsRelative riskResearch reporting guidelinesSafety ePublished: 3 September 2002 Issue Published: 3 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of indomethacin on basal and histamine stimulated human gastric acid secretion.
Authors: R A Levine, E H Schwartzel
Journal: Gut (1984)

The effect of acute administration of indomethacin over 24 hours on basal and histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion was evaluated in seven normal male volunteers. Augmented histamine tests (0.015 mg/kg/h) infused with the antihistamine diphenhydramine hydrochloride (25 mg/h) were performed before and after pretreatment with indomethacin or matching placebo capsules. The dose of indomethacin was 75 mg (sustained release capsules) taken 12 and 24 hours before and 50 mg taken one hour before a two hour histamine infusion test. Indomethacin enhanced basal gastric secretion from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 6.4 +/- 0.6 mmol/h (p less than 0.01) and histamine stimulated secretion from 48 +/- 6 to 62 +/- 5 mmol/2 h (p less than 0.05). Indomethacin significantly inhibited systemic prostaglandin biosynthesis as measured by urinary excretion (87 +/- 12 vs 41 +/- 6 ng PGE/g creatinine/h) and the drug increased platelet aggregation time two, five, and six fold, respectively, induced by ADP, collagen, and adrenaline. The data indicate that therapeutic doses of indomethacin augmented basal and secretagogue stimulated gastric acid secretion in control subjects. The enhancement of gastric acid secretion by indomethacin may be because of reduced levels of endogenous prostaglandins. Diminished prostaglandin biosynthesis may play a role in indomethacin induced gastric mucosal damage observed in patients receiving the drug.
GPs given go ahead to buy care for patients
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioners (GPs) in England have been given the go ahead to commission health services for their patients from April next year in a bid by the Department of Health to provide patients with better care.

Announcing the scheme this week, health minister John Hutton said that practice based commissioning was part of the package of measures aimed at empowering GPs to improve the quality of patient care outlined in the NHS Improvement Plan published in June.

Mr Hutton insisted that the scheme differed from GP fundholding, which Labour abolished in 1998. He said that it built on the best aspects of the former scheme while …
Paternal and Maternal Components of the Predisposition to Preeclampsia
Authors: M. Sean Esplin, M. Bardett Fausett, Alison Fraser, Rich Kerber, Geri Mineau, Jorge Carrillo, Michael W. Varner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

There is an inherited maternal predisposition to preeclampsia. Whether there is a paternal component, however, is not known.
CRAMP OF THE CILIARY MUSCLE DUE TO EYESTRAIN.
Authors: JOHN W. WRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1903)

As every physician should have a knowledge of what is known as professional cramp, a painful spasm of the finger, hand, forearm or arm from excessive use, as is often found in writers, telegraphers, pianists, violinists, typewriters, etc., so should every oculist have a knowledge that certain eye muscles, especially the ciliary, are liable to the same condition when subject to enforced contraction for prolonged periods of time. No oculist who does much fitting for glasses has failed to notice that, although the greatest care has been observed in this part of his service, occasionally he will meet a case where it is impossible to obtain satisfactory results and relieve the annoying nervous symptoms that usually accompany refractive error, although under the effects of a cycloplegic the very best possible vision has been obtained. such patients are usually between the ages of 25 and 40 years, although cases much younger are occasionally encountered.
Recombinant latent transforming growth factor beta 1 has a longer plasma half-life in rats than active transforming growth factor beta 1, and a different tissue distribution.
Authors: L M Wakefield, T S Winokur, R S Hollands, K Christopherson, A D Levinson, M B Sporn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation. Under normal physiological conditions, it is made as a biologically latent complex whose significance is unknown. Previous work has indicated that active TGF-beta 1 has a very short plasma half-life in rats (Coffey, R. J., L. J. Kost, R. M. Lyons, H. L. Moses, and N. F. La-Russo. 1987. J. Clin. Invest. 80:750-757). We have investigated the possibility that latent complex formation may extend the plasma half-life of TGF-beta 1 and alter its organ distribution. Radiolabeled latent TGF-beta 1 was formed by noncovalent association of 125I-TGF-beta 1 with the TGF-beta 1 precursor "pro" region from recombinant sources. TGF-beta 1 in this latent complex had a greatly extended plasma half-life (greater than 100 min) in rats compared with active TGF-beta 1 (2-3 min). Whereas active TGF-beta 1 was rapidly taken up by the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen and degraded, TGF-beta 1 in the latent complex was largely confined to the circulation, and was less than 5% degraded after 90 min. The pharmacokinetics of TGF-beta 1 in the latent complex were shown to be critically dependent on the degree of sialylation of the complex. The results suggest that formation of latent complexes may switch endogenous TGF-beta 1 from an autocrine/paracrine mode of action to a more endocrine mode involving target organs distant from the site of synthesis.
The Gulf war syndrome
Authors: E. Currie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Tony Revell's letter concerning the 200 personnel now assessed by the Ministry of Defence raises more questions than it answers.1 Not the least is why it has taken over four years for the Ministry of Defence to start assessing these men and women when so many complaints were made soon after their return from the Gulf in 1991. Since 98% are (by the Ministry of Defence's own submission) …
Adult intussusception in Northern India
Authors: Vikas Gupta, Rudra Prasad Doley, Kishore Gurumoorthy Subramanya Bharathy, Thakur Deen Yadav, Kusum Joshi, Naveen Kalra, Mandeep Kang, Rakesh Kochhar, Jai Dev Wig
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)
Hepatic extraction and renal production of 3,3'-diiodothyronine and 3',5'-diiodothyronine in man.
Authors: J Faber, O K Faber, B Lund, C Kirkegaard, J Wahren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The sequential deiodination of thyroxine (T4) gives rise to several iodothyronine analogs including 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2). In vitro animal studies suggest that the liver and the kidneys are the main sites of both formation and degradation of 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2. To determine the metabolism of 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 in human liver and kidneys plasma samples were obtained from (a) a brachial artery and a hepatic vein in 20 normal subjects, and from (b) a femoral artery and a renal vein in 11 normal subjects. Further, the hepatic plasma flow (a) and the renal plasma flow (b) were determined. Both plasma 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 levels were reduced in the hepatic venous blood as compared to arterial values (1.09 +/- 0.40 vs. 1.75 +/- 0.74 ng/dl (P < 0.02)) (mean +/- 1 SD). This resulted in a hepatic extraction of both, 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2, which averaged 8.2 and 5.2 microgram/d, respectively. Plasma 3,3'-T2 as well as 3'5'-T2 levels were higher in the renal vein as compared to arterial values, 1.49 +/- 0.42 vs. 1.39 +/- 0.45 ng/dl (P < 0.05) and 2.35 +/- 0.83 vs. 2.09 +/- 0.81 ng/dl (P < 0.05), respectively. This positive venoarterial difference implies a net production of 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 in the kidneys of 1.2 and 3.0 microgram/d, respectively. It is concluded that the liver is an important site of 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2 extraction in normal man. In contrast, the renal production of 3,3'-T2 as well as 3'5'-T2 exceeds the degradation and urinary excretion.
Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients from Malaysia with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: H W Jones, R Ireland, G Senaldi, F Wang, M Khamashta, A J Bellingham, K Veerapan, G R Hughes, D Vergani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is highly prevalent in Malaysia, which has a mixed population of Malays, Chinese, and Indians. A quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels (total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM) in 200 patients with SLE (164 Chinese, 26 Malay, and 10 Indian) attending the University Hospital of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and 103 matched controls. Only 33 (16.5%) of the patients had raised aCL levels; 26 had raised IgG aCL, five IgM aCL, and two both IgG and IgM aCL. There was a low prevalence of raised levels of aCL in the population studied, which was seen in conjunction with a rare occurrence of thrombosis. The classical association of high aCL levels with thrombocytopenia and recurrent abortions was noted, though not with cerebral disease. The low prevalence of aCL in this study population of mixed racial origin contrasts with findings in European patients with SLE and lends support to the influence of local factors, be they genetic or environmental, on the clinical manifestations of this disease.
Inverse Association between Lipid Levels and Mortality in Men with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Are Not Yet on Dialysis
Authors: Csaba P. Kovesdy, John E. Anderson, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

High total cholesterol is associated with lower mortality in dialysis patients, but the relationship between lipid levels and mortality in patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are not yet on dialysis is poorly described. This study examined the association between lipid levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 986 male patients (age 67.4 +/- 10.9 yr; race 23.7% black) who had CKD and were not yet on dialysis. Associations were determined in fixed-covariate and time-dependent Cox models, before and after adjustment for components of case mix and surrogates for malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome (MICS). Lower total cholesterol quartiles were associated with higher all-cause mortality in a fixed-covariate model that was adjusted for age, race, and body mass index (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] for cholesterol <153, 153 to 182, and 183 to 215 versus >215 mg/dl: 1.91 [1.35 to 2.69], 1.36 [0.96 to 1.92], 1.10 [0.78 to 1.57]; P < 0.001 for trend), but this association was attenuated after adjustment for case mix (P = 0.023 for trend) and abolished after additional adjustment for MICS (P = 0.14 for trend), with time-dependent Cox models showing similar results. Similar tendencies also were detected in the association between levels of LDL cholesterol with total and cardiovascular mortality and triglycerides with all-cause mortality in both fixed-covariate and time-dependent analyses. Lower lipid levels are associated with higher mortality in patients who have moderate and advanced CKD and are not yet on dialysis. This inverse association is explained in part by case-mix characteristics and the presence of surrogates for MICS.
Regulation of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity and Specificity by RNF6-Induced Ubiquitination
Authors: Kexin Xu, Hermela Shimelis, Douglas E. Linn, Richeng Jiang, Xi Yang, Feng Sun, Zhiyong Guo, Hege Chen, Wei Li, Hegang Chen, Xiangtian Kong, Jonathan Melamed, Shengyun Fang, Zhen Xiao, Timothy D. Veenstra, Yun Qiu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Transplantation regulator consults on how to ensure altruistic donors are not coerced
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

More than 1200 organs from live donors were transplanted in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland last year, and this number is likely to increase in the future, said the Human Tissue Authority, the organisation responsible for regulating these procedures.

Responding to this development, the authority is undertaking a public consultation programme to ensure that the current assessment processes are robust enough. As part of this exercise, its annual public meeting featured a discussion on the topic.

The authority’s principal regulatory duty in this area is to ensure that donors are not subject to duress or coercion and …
Studies of Vasospasm
Authors: WILLIAM T. FOLEY, ELLEN MCDEVITT, J. A. TULLOCH, MARTIN TUNIS, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In the course of a physical examination one is often confronted with the question whether the inability to palpate a pulse in a usual location is the result of arterial spasm, occlusive arterial disease, or an aberrant location of the artery. Evidence is presented that the sublingual administration of glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) will frequently solve this problem. If the absent or markedly diminished pulse becomes bounding and objective tests confirm this, it can be concluded that the reduced pulsation was due to spasm of the artery under study. This is a simple test readily applied in clinical practice.
The influence of changes in lipid values induced by cholestyramine and diet on progression of coronary artery disease: results of NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Study.
Authors: R I Levy, J F Brensike, S E Epstein, S F Kelsey, E R Passamani, J M Richardson, I K Loh, N J Stone, R F Aldrich, J W Battaglini
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Type II Coronary Intervention Study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, evaluated the efficacy of reduction in cholesterol levels induced by cholestyramine on progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The rate of CAD progression in patients treated with cholestyramine plus diet was compared with that of patients treated with placebo plus diet. CAD progression was defined angiographically. Significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), as well as in HDLc/TC and HDLc/LDLc ratios, were observed with cholestyramine. HDLc change was due to increase in HDL2A and HDL2B. When the relationship between CAD progression and lipid changes was examined independent of specific treatment group, a significant inverse relationship was found between progression at 5 years and the combination of an increase in HDLc and a decrease in LDLc; changes in HDLc/TC and HDLc/LDLc were the best predictors of CAD change. While the testing of these relationships independent of treatment group was not part of the initial study design, the trends were observed in both the placebo-treated and cholestyramine-treated groups. Moreover, with multivariate analysis, the effect of cholestyramine treatment on CAD progression was eliminated by adding changes in HDLc/TC to the regression model. These findings support the hypothesis that increases in HDLc and decreases in TC (or LDLc) can prevent or delay CAD progression.
The cerebellum as comparator: Increases in cerebellar activity during motor learning may reflect its role as part of an error detection/correction mechanism
Authors: D. Flament, T. J. Ebner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The role of the cerebellum as a comparator of desired motor output and actual performance may be most important during learning of a novel motor task, when movement errors are common and corrective movements are produced to compensate for them. It is suggested that PET and recent fMRI data are compatible with such an interpretation. Increased activity in motor cortical areas during motor learning indicates that these areas also contribute to the learning process, [THACH]
Circadian pattern of intragastric acidity in duodenal ulcer patients: a study of variations in relation to ulcer activity.
Authors: S Wagner, U Gladziwa, M Gebel, A Schuler, J Freise, F W Schmidt
Journal: Gut (1991)

The relation between intragastric acidity and duodenal ulcer activity was studied prospectively in 21 patients with endoscopically proved duodenal ulcers. The 24 hour intragastric acidity was measured on four separate occasions by continuous recording using combined glass electrodes: (a) in the presence of an ulcer crater without treatment; (b) during active ulceration being treated with ranitidine; (c) during early healing after a six week course of ranitidine; (d) during late healing six months after acute ulceration. Intragastric acidity was also monitored in 20 healthy subjects. At all stages of ulcer activity and during all predefined time periods, duodenal ulcer patients had significantly higher gastric acidity than healthy control subjects. Duodenal ulcer patients showed a similar circadian pattern of intragastric acidity during exacerbation of ulcer disease and in remission during the early and late ulcer healing periods. These results argue against a direct relation between the activity of duodenal ulcer disease and gastric acidity. It is concluded that the chronic recurrent course of duodenal ulcer disease does not result from a fluctuation in intragastric acidity.
GMC expert group on child protection work meets for first time
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The expert group set up by the General Medical Council in the wake of paediatrician David Southall’s appeal court victory is to be headed by one of the most senior family judges in England and Wales.

Lord Justice Thorpe, an appeal court judge and deputy head of family justice, will chair the group convened by the UK regulator to review guidance for paediatricians doing child protection work.

The GMC pledged last May to set up the group, whose first meeting was scheduled for 7 July, “to provide clarity and reassurance about what is expected from those who practise in …
Presynaptic Regulation of Neurotransmission in Drosophila by the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Methuselah
Authors: Wei Song, Ravi Ranjan, Ken Dawson-Scully, Peter Bronk, Leo Marin, Laurent Seroude, Yi-Jyun Lin, Zhiping Nie, Harold L. Atwood, Seymour Benzer, Konrad E. Zinsmaier
Journal: Neuron (2002)
The velocity of volume increase of esophageal varices has a predictive value of the bleeding risk in cirrhotic patients
Authors: G.P. Rigo, G. Zanasi, A. Pirani, A. Merighi, N.J. Chahin, P.L. Codeluppi, A. Ferrari, A. Mastronardi, C. Armocida, F. Manenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Some Thoughts on Thomas Szasz
Authors: FRED M. SANDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The author explores Thomas Szasz's concept of mental illness as socially rather than organically determined, his division of analysands into "seekers" and "avoiders," and the implications of this for autonomy/heteronomy. The author feels that Dr. Szasz may be reinstating the mind-body dichotomy in his emphasis on a division between medicine and psychiatry, although his concern with psychiatry's need for a value system is important.
Correlation between endurance of deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain
Authors: Deepti Arora, Zubia Veqar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Chronic neck pain is becoming increasingly prevalent among computer users. Recent studies have identified impaired activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles, in people with chronic neck pain. According to Janda's hypothesis of muscle imbalance, deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers become inhibited in a predicted pattern (upper crossed syndrome). But the relationship between these muscle groups has not been investigated by a study so far. The study was aimed at investigating the correlation between endurance of deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain. Fifty computer users (22 males and 28 females) in the age group of 20–30 years participated in the study. The endurance of deep cervical flexors was measured using cranio cervical flexion test. Endurance of lower scapular stabilisers was measured using modified version of the grade 3 standard lower trapezius clinical muscle test position. The endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles correlated significantly with the endurance of lower scapular stabilisers of both the right (r=0.666, p≤0.001) and the left (r=0.662, p≤0.001) side. Results also showed that endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles correlated significantly with VAS scores (r = −0.444, p≤ 0.001) but it had no correlation with the duration of neck pain. There is a positive correlation between the endurance of deep cervical flexors and right and left lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain.