tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence Against Reinnervation of Cardiac Vagal Afferents After Human Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: James A. Arrowood, Evelyne Goudreau, Anthony J. Minisi, Annette B. Davis, Pramod K. Mohanty
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Orthotopic cardiac transplantation results in total cardiac denervation. Recent studies in humans suggest that reinnervation of cardiac sympathetic nerves (cardiac efferents) may occur after cardiac transplantation. We hypothesized that reinnervation of cardiac afferents may occur as well. To test this hypothesis, we investigated reflex responses produced by stimulation of ventricular chemosensory endings subserved by vagal afferents (cardiac depressor reflex). Methods and Results Two cardiac transplant groups were studied: an “early” group (n=18, &lt;24 months after transplant) and a “late” group (n=18, &gt;43 months after transplant); these groups were compared with a control group with intact innervation (n=18). The reflex response of the recipient sinus node (RSN) in the remnant right atrium, which remains innervated after transplantation, was observed during selective right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA) injection of the radiographic contrast agent meglumine diatrizoate, which is known to stimulate ventricular chemosensory endings. A decrease in the rate of the RSN was expected if reinnervation of chemosensory endings had occurred and the afferent limb of the cardiac depressor reflex was intact. With injection, the RSN rate of both transplant groups did not decrease but increased (early: LCA, 7.2±1.4 beats per minute; RCA, 6.3±1.3 beats per minute; late: LCA, 5.9±1.0 beats per minute; RCA, 6.0±0.9 beats per minute) compared with the expected decrease in control patients (LCA, −20.8±2.5 beats per minute; RCA, −18.0±4.0 beats per minute; P &lt;.001 versus transplants). Decreases in mean arterial pressure in the transplant groups (early: LCA, −11.3±1.4 mm Hg; RCA, −10.0±1.6 mm Hg; late: LCA, −13.0±1.6 mm Hg; RCA, −9.1±1.5 mm Hg) were less than those observed in the control group (LCA, −19.8±2.2 mm Hg; RCA, −18.7±4.0 mm Hg; P &lt;.05 versus transplants). Conclusions The results suggest that reinnervation of ventricular chemosensory endings subserved by vagal afferents in cardiac transplant patients does not occur up to 74 months after transplantation.
His-Purkinje responses and refractory periods during atrial extrastimulation in children with heart defects.
Authors: G S Wolff, A Mehta, D Tamer, O L Garcia, A S Pickoff, A Casta, P L Ferrer, R J Sung, H Gelband
Journal: Circulation (1981)

During atrial extrastimulation, split His potentials, prolonged His-to-ventricular (H2V2) intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection were observed in both preoperative and postoperative children with heart defects. His-Purkinje responses and refractoriness were identified in 31 of 78 (40%) pediatric patients (20 of 51 preoperative and 11 of 27 postoperative) during atrial extrastimulation coupled to sinus and/or paced cycle lengths. Split His potentials were found in 14 patients (eight preoperative and six postoperative) and His bundle relative refractory periods ranged from 250--490 msec. Prolonged H2V2 intervals were found in these and in an additional 16 patients (11 preoperative and five postoperative) and the relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system ranged from 230--500 msec. Block distal to the His deflection occurred in seven patients (five preoperative and two postoperative) and the effective refractory period ranged from 230--510 msec. Split His potentials, long H2V2 intervals and block distal to the His bundle deflection produced by atrial extrastimulation were found in peroperative as well as postoperative children. These responses probably represent functional electrophysiologic characteristics of the pediatric cardiac conduction system.
Air pollution, public health, and inflation
Authors: Bart David Ostro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Since the passage of the environmental legislation in the early 1970's, critics have attacked these laws as being unnecessary and for contributing significantly to the problem of inflation in the United States. This paper is an attempt to put the inflationary costs of air pollution into perspective by considering them in light of the cost, especially to public health, of not proceeding with pollution control. There is now a great deal of evidence that the concentration of certain pollutants in the air can contribute significantly to the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and to certain forms of cancer. On the basis of the results of a recent study of the impacts of pollution control on inflation, the annual reduction in purchasing power of the average family is calculated to be $31 per family. To determine the average costs of air pollution on human health, research by Lave and Seskin is utilized. First, the implications of air pollution for mortality and morbidity rates are determined. Then, the reduction in direct health costs and indirect costs (lost productivity of workers) as a result of pollution abatement is estimated. These annual health costs from pollution total approximately $250 per family. The results suggest that the inflationary costs of air pollution control are more than offset by the damages to public health from unabated air pollution.
Emphasise burns prevention in developing countries
Authors: Abdu S Opaluwa, Samuel K Orkar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governance of academic medicine should be with public trusteesEditor-Many of the problems arising in academic medicine are due to the divergence of academic goals and the values of society.Academic institutions are not currently governed in a way that fosters a strong and healthy alliance with government and the population at large, and there is a failure to support satisfactorily the public interest against vested and other competing interests. 1e suggest that a good first step is to turn over the governance of academic medicine to public trustees with protected authority.Public trustees must ensure that the three familiar goals of research, teaching, and patient care are supplemented by the unsung fourth goal of community service.Moreover, trustees have the right to insist that most of the research and teaching programmes in academic medicine be placed in the context of the health needs of the entire population.It is also time to reform the governance of medical schools.We suggest that it fosters tunnel vision for the dean when the executive committee of the medical school is composed primarily of department chairpeople whose main responsibility is the welfare of individual departments, not the mission of the school as a whole.We advocate instead an executive committee comprising senior faculty and public representatives, while excluding department heads.If academic medicine exists to promote the public interest, is it not time to grant patients and the public at large a controlling interest in setting priorities and overseeing operations?
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: T. Green
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) increases resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the hippocampus with the precuneus and other posterior cortical areas and causes proportional improvement of episodic memory. The anatomical pathway responsible for the propagation of these effects from the IPC is unknown and may not be direct. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we examined whether individual differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), a tensor-derived quantity related to white matter properties, in pathways between the IPC and medial temporal lobe (MTL), via the parahippocampal cortex and the precuneus, accounted for individual differences in hippocampal rsFC and memory change after rTMS. FA in the IPC-parahippocampal pathway was associated with rsFC change in a few small cortical clusters, while FA in the IPC-precuneus pathway was strongly linked to widespread changes in rsFC. FA in both pathways was related to episodic memory, but not to procedural memory. These results implicate pathways to the MTL and to the precuneus in the enhancing effect of parietal rTMS on hippocampal rsFC and memory.
Patient Perspective on Factors Contributing to Nonadherence to Diabetes Regimen
Authors: Dennis V Ary, Deborah Toobert, Willetta Wilson, Russell E Glasgow
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

This study assessed levels of regimen adherence and reasons for nonadherence to different aspects of diabetes regimen for persons with type I (insulin-dependent, N = 24) and type II (non-insulin-dependent, N = 184) diabetes. Standardized questions revealed few differences between type I and type II participants on either levels of reported adherence or reasons for nonadherence. Subjects reported adhering least well to dietary and physical activity components of the regimen. Open-ended questions revealed that the most common reasons for dietary nonadherence were the situational factors of eating out at restaurants and inappropriate food offers from others. In contrast, negative physical reactions were the most frequently reported reasons for exercise nonadherence. The implications of these findings for diabetes education are discussed.
Oral Antimycobacterial Therapy in Chronic Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
Authors: Wonder P. Drake, Kyra Oswald-Richter, Bradley W. Richmond, Joan Isom, Victoria E. Burke, Holly Algood, Nicole Braun, Thyneice Taylor, Kusum V. Pandit, Caroline Aboud, Chang Yu, Naftali Kaminski, Alan S. Boyd, Lloyd E. King
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease for which there are limited therapeutic options. This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled study to demonstrate that antimycobacterial therapy reduces lesion diameter and disease severity among patients with chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-daily antimycobacterial therapy on the resolution of chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis lesions.A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-masked trial on 30 patients with symptomatic chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis lesions deemed to require therapeutic intervention.A tertiary referral dermatology center in Nashville, Tennessee.Participants were randomized to receive either the oral concomitant levofloxacin, ethambutol, azithromycin, and rifampin (CLEAR) regimen or a comparative placebo regimen for 8 weeks with a 180-day follow-up.Participants were monitored for absolute change in lesion diameter and decrease in granuloma burden, if present, on completion of therapy.In the intention-to-treat analysis, the CLEAR-treated group had a mean (SD) decrease in lesion diameter of -8.4 (14.0) mm compared with an increase of 0.07 (3.2) mm in the placebo-treated group (P = .05). The CLEAR group had a significant reduction in granuloma burden and experienced a mean (SD) decline of -2.9 (2.5) mm in lesion severity compared with a decline of -0.6 (2.1) mm in the placebo group (P = .02).Antimycobacterial therapy may result in significant reductions in chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis lesion diameter compared with placebo. These observed reductions, associated with a clinically significant improvement in symptoms, were present at the 180-day follow-up period. Transcriptome analysis of sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells revealed reversal of pathways associated with disease severity and enhanced T-cell function following T-cell receptor stimulation.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01074554.
Benzothiadiazines and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Wolff and his associates (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:568 [Aug 17] 1963) recently indicated that the induction of diabetes mellitus represents a not infrequent complication associated with the long-term administration of benzothiadiazine diuretics. The evidence consisted of the observation that the fasting blood sugar value in 45 patients averaged 97 mg% during long-term treatment with benzothiadiazines, excluding two hypertensive patients in whom frank clinical diabetes developed. This was compared with a mean fasting blood sugar value of 88.4 mg% in 26 patients receiving placebos. Pretreatment values of fasting blood sugar were not reported. The authors concluded that "benzothiadiazines should not be given to young or middle-aged hypertensives in whom there is a lengthy life expectancy...." Since these agents are quite effective and often irreplaceable, either alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension, the conclusions of Wolff and his co-workers deserve careful consideration. It seemed of interest
Mandatory HPV Vaccination
Authors: Lynn C. Berger, Debra Blog, Guthrie S. Birkhead
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Normalization of pre-ASCT, FDG-PET imaging with second-line, non–cross-resistant, chemotherapy programs improves event-free survival in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Matt J. Matasar, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Stephen D. Nimer, John Gerecitano, Paul Hamlin, Steven Horwitz, Alison J. Moskowitz, Ariela Noy, Lia Palomba, Miguel-Angel Perales, Carol Portlock, David Straus, Jocelyn C. Maragulia, Heiko Schoder, Joachim Yahalom
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prenatal Diagnosis of Propionic Acidemia
Authors: Lawrence Sweetman, Walter Weyler, Touraj Shafai, Philip E. Young, William L. Nyhan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with propionic acidemia has been accomplished by the detection of methylcitrate, a unique metabolite, in the amniotic fluid by liquid partition chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of deficient activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in cells cultured from the amniotic fluid and in fetal tissues. In two subsequent pregnancies, methylcitrate was not present in amniotic fluid. Enzyme assay indicated that one fetus was heterozygous and the other was normal, and healthy infants were born at term. The analysis of organic acids in amniotic fluid permits very rapid prenatal diagnosis, usually within 48 hours after obtaining the fluid. It may provide a general method in conditions in which an unusual metabolite can be identified. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1048-1052, 1979)
Commuters’ Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution Is Affected by Mode of Transport, Fuel Type, and Route
Authors: Moniek Zuurbier, Gerard Hoek, Marieke Oldenwening, Virissa Lenters, Kees Meliefste, Peter van den Hazel, Bert Brunekreef
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Commuters are exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants, but little quantitative information is currently available on differences in exposure between different modes of transport, routes, and fuel types.The aim of our study was to assess differences in commuters' exposure to traffic-related air pollution related to transport mode, route, and fuel type.We measured particle number counts (PNCs) and concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter <or= 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter), PM10, and soot between June 2007 and June 2008 on 47 weekdays, from 0800 to 1000 hours, in diesel and electric buses, gasoline- and diesel-fueled cars, and along two bicycle routes with different traffic intensities in Arnhem, the Netherlands. In addition, each-day measurements were taken at an urban background location.We found that median PNC exposures were highest in diesel buses (38,500 particles/cm3) and for cyclists along the high-traffic intensity route (46,600 particles/cm3) and lowest in electric buses (29,200 particles/cm3). Median PM10 exposure was highest from diesel buses (47 microg/m3) and lowest along the high- and low-traffic bicycle routes (39 and 37 microg/m3). The median soot exposure was highest in gasoline-fueled cars (9.0 x 10-5/m), diesel cars (7.9 x 10-5/m), and diesel buses (7.4 x 10-5/m) and lowest along the low-traffic bicycle route (4.9 x 10-5/m). Because the minute ventilation (volume of air per minute) of cyclists, which we estimated from measured heart rates, was twice the minute ventilation of car and bus passengers, we calculated that the inhaled air pollution doses were highest for cyclists. With the exception of PM10, we found that inhaled air pollution doses were lowest for electric bus passengers.Commuters' rush hour exposures were significantly influenced by mode of transport, route, and fuel type.
The role of the gut microbiome in the development and progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Christoph Roderburg, Tom Luedde
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represent the endstage of most chronic liver diseases and are a major global health burden. It has been consistently shown that both liver cirrhosis and HCC are triggered by inflammatory processes, but the molecular mechanisms linking chronic hepatitis with cirrhosis and HCC are only poorly understood. Recent studies suggested that the intestinal microflora as a main source of portal-vein LPS might play a critical role in this process. Here we summarize the available literature on the role of the gut microbiome in hepatofibrogenesis and -carcinogenesis. Such knowledge might help to develop novel, innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of liver disease.
Low-Glycemic Index Foods Improve Long-Term Glycemic Control in NIDDM
Authors: Janette C Brand, Stephen Colagiuri, Shirley Crossman, Annette Allen, David CK Roberts, A Stewart Truswell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To compare high- and low-glycemic index (GI) diets in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Research Design and Methods Sixteen subjects with well-controlled NIDDM and normal lipid profile, 10 of whom continued oral hypoglycemic medication, participated in the study. A diet that emphasized low-GI foods (e.g., porridge, pasta) was compared with a high-GI diet (e.g., processed cereals, potatoes). The GI of the low-GI diet was 15% lower than the high-GI diet (77 ± 3 vs. 91 ± 1) but otherwise similar in macronutrient composition and fiber, as determined by a 4-day weighed record. The diets were instituted under instruction from a dietitian who visited subjects at home on a weekly basis. Body weight was maintained within 1–2 kg. Results Glycemic control was improved on the low-GI diet compared with the high-GI diet (statistically significant findings, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin at the end of the low-GI diet was 11% lower (7.0 ± 0.3%) than at the end of the high-GI diet (7.9 ± 0.5%), and the 8-h plasma glucose profile was lower (area under the curve above fasting 128 ± 23 vs. 148 ± 22 mmol.h-1.L-1, respectively). Mean fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol triglycerides, and lipoproteins did not show important differences. Conclusions A low-GI diet gives a modest improvement in long-term glycemic control but not plasma lipids in normolipidemic well-controlled subjects with NIDDM.
Percutaneous Catheter Introduction: The Seldinger Technique
Authors: Thomas J. Conahan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Reluctance to perform a venous cutdown or to insert a large (10- or 12-gauge) needle into a vein has delayed the widest possible use of the balloon-tipped Swan-Ganz catheter.<sup>1</sup>A percutaneous introduction technique described in 1953 by Seldinger<sup>2</sup>circumvents many of these difficulties. It allows the initial venipuncture to be made with a small (18-or 20-gauge) needle. A guide wire is then threaded through that needle, and the wire is used to guide subsequent dilators and the catheter-introduction cannula into the lumen of the vein. The flow of blood from the central venous system through the right heart into the pulmonary artery guides the catheter into place. The catheter tip can be positioned reliably by recognizing the characteristic pressure changes as it passes through the various cardiac chambers. Any vein with a lumen large enough to accommodate the desired catheter is a candidate for catheterization
Exome sequencing identifies a missense mutation in Isl1 associated with low penetrance otitis media in dearisch mice
Authors: Jennifer M Hilton, Morag A Lewis, M'hamed Grati, Neil Ingham, Selina Pearson, Roman A Laskowski, David J Adams, Karen P Steel
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Background Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media) is very common and can lead to serious complications if not resolved. Genetic studies suggest an inherited component, but few of the genes that contribute to this condition are known. Mouse mutants have contributed significantly to the identification of genes predisposing to otitis media Results The dearisch mouse mutant is an ENU-induced mutant detected by its impaired Preyer reflex (ear flick in response to sound). Auditory brainstem responses revealed raised thresholds from as early as three weeks old. Pedigree analysis suggested a dominant but partially penetrant mode of inheritance. The middle ear of dearisch mutants shows a thickened mucosa and cellular effusion suggesting chronic otitis media with effusion with superimposed acute infection. The inner ear, including the sensory hair cells, appears normal. Due to the low penetrance of the phenotype, normal backcross mapping of the mutation was not possible. Exome sequencing was therefore employed to identify a non-conservative tyrosine to cysteine (Y71C) missense mutation in the Islet1 gene, Isl1 Drsh . Isl1 is expressed in the normal middle ear mucosa. The findings suggest the Isl1 Drsh mutation is likely to predispose carriers to otitis media. Conclusions Dearisch, Isl1 Drsh , represents the first point mutation in the mouse Isl1 gene and suggests a previously unrecognized role for this gene. It is also the first recorded exome sequencing of the C3HeB/FeJ background relevant to many ENU-induced mutants. Most importantly, the power of exome resequencing to identify ENU-induced mutations without a mapped gene locus is illustrated.
Doctors launch twins research company
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

British and Australian doctors have joined forces to set up the world's first medical research company based entirely on information from twin studies. Gemini Research, currently located in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, will start by using the twin database at St Thomas's Hospital, London, which contains information on 1200 twins.

The company plans to expand this to cover 10000 twins and to set up a further database at St …
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORONARY ARTERY PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND BRACHIAL-ANKLE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS
Authors: Sang-Wook Kim, Jee-Eun Kwon, Gary S. Mintz, Min-Suk Oh, Wang-Soo Lee, Kwang-Je Lee, Tae-Ho Kim, Chee-Jeong Kim, Neil J. Weissman, Wang-Seong Ryu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)