tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway Obstruction and Somnolence
Authors: ALBERT MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 July 1974Airway Obstruction and SomnolenceALBERT MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.ALBERT MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-133_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article of Walsh and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 76:185-192, 1972) suggesting that sleep deprivation secondary to upper airway obstruction is the mechanism for somnolence in the Pickwickian syndrome has impelled us to look at our patients from this point of view. As the authors pointed out, if hypotonicity of the tongue causes airway obstruction, apnea, hypoxic arousal, and sleep deprivation, these will be eliminated by insertion of an airway. Such was the case in two of the three patients they reported.We wish to communicate our observations in a patient whose symptoms otherwise paralleled those reported...References Reference1. BULOW K: Respiration and wakefulness in man. Acta Physiol Scand 59(suppl 209) :1-110, 1963 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROBIN E, WHALEY R, and CRUMP C: Alveolar gas tensions, pulmonary ventilation and blood pH during physiologic sleep in normal subjects. J Clin Invest 37:981-989, 1958 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ASERINSKY E: Periodic respiratory pattern occurring in conjunction with eye movements during sleep. Science 150:763-766, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MONGOLD R, SOKOLOFF L, and CONNER E: The effects of sleep and lack of sleep on the cerebral circulation and metabolism of normal young men. J Clin Invest 34:1092-1099, 1955 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. STEINSCHNEIDER A: Prolonged apnea and the sudden infant death syndrome: clinical and laboratory observations. Pediatrics 50:646-654, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. COCCAGNA G, MANTOVANI M, and BIRGNANI F: Tracheostomy in hypersomnia with periodic breathing. Bull Physiopathol Resp (Nancy) 8:1217-1227, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALBERT MILLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Services-City Hospital Center at Elmhurst Elmhurst, New York 11373 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 133-134KeywordsApneaHypotonicitySleep deprivationTongue ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Alveolar tissue inflammation in asthma.
Authors: M Kraft, R Djukanovic, S Wilson, S T Holgate, R J Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

As physiologic and autopsy evidence suggests that peripheral airways and parenchyma are involved in asthma, we hypothesized that significant alveolar tissue inflammation is present in patients with stable, chronic asthma. Eleven patients with nocturnal asthma (NA) and 10 patients with non-nocturnal asthma (NNA) were studied. Each subject underwent two bronchoscopies with proximal airway endobronchial and distal alveolar tissue transbronchial biopsy in a random order at 4:00 P.M. and 4:00 A.M. Morphometric analysis was used to determine the number per volume (Nv) of inflammatory cells. Between-group comparisons showed that the Nv of eosinophils was greater in the NA alveolar tissue 4:00 A.M. compared with the subjects with NNA (40.2 x 10(3) [26.4-57.1 x 10(3), IQ] versus 15.7 x 10(3) [2.1-35.2 x 10(3), IQ], p = 0.05). In regard to the airway biopsies, no difference in the inflammatory and epithelial cells between the two groups was seen at either time. The NA group exhibited greater eosinophils and macrophages in the alveolar tissue at 4:00 A.M. compared with 4:00 P.M. (40.2 x 10(3) [26.4-57.1 x 10(3), IQ] versus 10.3 x 10(3) [2.7-16.8 x 10(3), IQ], p = 0.016 for eosinophils and 215.1 x 10(3) [129.9-356.1 x 10(3), IQ] versus 166.3 x 10(3) [150.7-212.6 x 10(3), IQ], p = 0.031 for macrophages). Only alveolar tissue eosinophils, not proximal airway tissue eosinophils, correlated with the nocturnal decrement in lung function (r = -0.54, p = 0.03). These findings suggest that eosinophils and macrophages accumulate to a greater extent in the alveolar tissue and these changes contribute more to the variation in lung function compared with inflammation in the more proximal tissue.
Effects of Posture on Exercise Performance
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK, VERONICA M. QUARRY-PIGOTT
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Because posture significantly influences cardiac performance, the effects of moderate supine and upright ergometer exercise were compared on the basis of proportional (+37%) rate increments over resting control. Supine exercise produced significant decreases in left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP), and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT). Ejection time index (ETI) and "corrected ejection time" (LVETc) did not change significantly. Upright exercise produced greater decreases in PEP and LVET, but despite the rate increase there was no change in LVET, which resulted in sharp increases in ETI and LVETc. The discordant directional effects on LVET and its rate-correcting indices between the two postures were consistent with hemodynamic studies demonstrating lack of stroke volume change during supine exercise and increased stroke volume over control during light to moderate upright exercise. Concordant effects on PEP and IVCT are consistent with the inotropic effect of exercise in both postures with an additional Frank-Starling effect postulated during upright exercise.
NK cells protect TCR-transgenic mice from developing fetal leukemia
Authors: Sigrid Dubois, Jürgen Müller, Lionel Feigenbaum, Thomas A Waldmann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts To investigate the intrinsic effect of IL-15 expression on CD8 responses we generated IL-15-deficient OT1 TCR-transgenic mice. These mice died surprisingly at around six months of age exhibiting grossly enlarged lymph nodes, spleens and thymi. The affected organs harbored mainly
Hypertension of Renal Origin in Rats Following Choline Deficiency
Authors: W. S. Hartroft, C. H. Best
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The production of arterial hypertension by dietary defi- ciency alone has not previously been demonstrated.Since the report by Griffith and Wade (1939) it has been well established that choline deficiency produces severe renal lesions in young rats (Gyorgy and Goldblatt, 1940;Engel and Salmon, 1941 ;Handler, 1946; and others).A careful study of the blood pressures of rats maintained for long periods on diets low in choline has been made by Sobin and Landis (1947), who found no evidence of hypertension.The results of earlier studies by Honorato and Vadillo (1944) apparently support this same conclusion.Stimulated in part by these papers, by discussions with Professor Eugene Landis, and by the early studies of choline defi- ciency in our laboratories (Best and Huntsman, 1932), we decided to produce a severe renal lesion by this dietary means and then to study the blood pressures of the sur- viving animals maintained on full diets.Under these con- ditions, in our present series of observations all animals with severe residual renal damage developed hypertension.The average figure for ten animals in this group was 195 mm.Hg.This is the mean pressure recorded by arterial cannulation.The comparable figure for 36 control animals was 118 mm.Hg. MethodsWeanling albino rats of the Wistar strain weighing 35-42 g. were fed a diet low in choline (T45) as described by our colleagues Lucas and Ridout (1948).The obrjet was to produce the greatest degree of renal damage com- patible with life.The animals were fed the choline- deficient diets for varying lengths of time.Most of the rats received the ration for five to six days.In the more recent experiments the animals were fed the choline- deficient diet for four five-day periods separated by two- day intervals during which the diet was supplemented with 0.35% choline chloride.All the animals received a stock diet for the remainder of the experiment.In the early studies the rats were sacrificed at the age of 3 to 4 months, but it was subsequently discovered that a higher percentage developed hypertension if allowed to live for six or seven months.Control animals were pair-fed with those receiving the choline-deficient diet.These controls received the T45 diet supplemented with 0.35% choline chloride.They were given the stock diet ad libitum at the same time as the
Characterization and cloning of a novel glycoprotein expressed by stromal cells in T-dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid tissues.
Authors: A G Farr, M L Berry, A Kim, A J Nelson, M P Welch, A Aruffo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

A novel glycoprotein (gp) expressed by stromal cells of peripheral lymphoid tissue has been characterized immunohistochemically, biochemically, and at the molecular level. This molecule, gp38, was identified with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone 8.1.1) previously shown to react with a subpopulation of thymic epithelium. This mAb generated a reticular labeling pattern in medullary and paracortical areas of lymph nodes and in splenic white pulp. At the ultrastructural level, labeling by the 8.1.1 mAb was restricted to fibroblastic reticular stromal cells. Serial sections of lymph node and spleen labeled with anti-CD3, anti-B220, and 8.1.1 mAbs clearly showed that the 8.1.1+ cells were associated with T cell-dependent areas. In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or Nu/Nu mice, splenic white pulp also exhibited reticular labeling with the 8.1.1 mAb in the absence of detectable numbers of T cells, indicating that the appearance of 8.1.1-reactive stromal cells in discrete areas of peripheral lymphoid tissue was T cell independent. The cDNA encoding this stromal cell molecule was cloned by direct expression in COS cells and found to encode a 172 amino acid sequence with the typical features of a type I integral membrane protein. COS cells transfected with the gp38 clone direct the expression of an approximately 38-kD protein that reacts with the 8.1.1 mAb but not with isotype-matched controls. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of 8.1.1 mAb but not with isotype-matched controls. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of 8.1.1 with proteins in the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) data base showed that gp38 is very closely related to the early response protein OTS-8 obtained from a cDNA library of tumor promoting agent (TPA)-induced murine osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1.
Anthropometry profiles of elite rugby players: quantifying changes in lean mass
Authors: G M Duthie, D B Pyne, W G Hopkins, S Livingstone, S L Hooper
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To demonstrate the utility of a practical measure of lean mass for monitoring changes in the body composition of athletes.Between 1999 and 2003 body mass and sum of seven skinfolds were recorded for 40 forwards and 32 backs from one Super 12 rugby union franchise. Players were assessed on 13 (7) occasions (mean (SD)) over 1.9 (1.3) years. Mixed modelling of log transformed variables provided a lean mass index (LMI) of the form mass/skinfolds(x), for monitoring changes in mass controlled for changes in skinfold thickness. Mean effects of phase of season and time in programme were modelled as percentage changes. Effects were standardised for interpretation of magnitudes.The exponent x was 0.13 for forwards and 0.14 for backs (90% confidence limits +/-0.03). The forwards had a small decrease in skinfolds (5.3%, 90% confidence limits +/-2.2%) between preseason and competition phases, and a small increase (7.8%, 90% confidence limits +/-3.1%) during the club season. A small decrease in LMI (approximately 1.5%) occurred after one year in the programme for forwards and backs, whereas increases in skinfolds for forwards became substantial (4.3%, 90% confidence limits +/-2.2%) after three years. Individual variation in body composition was small within a season (within subject SD: body mass, 1.6%; skinfolds, 6.8%; LMI, 1.1%) and somewhat greater for body mass (2.1%) and LMI (1.7%) between seasons.Despite a lack of substantial mean changes, there was substantial individual variation in lean mass within and between seasons. An index of lean mass based on body mass and skinfolds is a potentially useful tool for assessing body composition of athletes.
<i>bcl</i>-2 expression reliably distinguishes trichoepitheliomas from basal cell carcinomas
Authors: B.R. SMOLLER, M. VAN DE RIJN, D. LEBRUN, R.A. WARNKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Trichoepitheliomas (TE) are benign follicular neoplasms which are frequently confused with basal cell carcinomas (BCC). It is important to distinguish these entities precisely, as the treatments and prognoses are different. To this end, we stained a series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of unequivocal TE and BCC with antibodies directed against bcl-2, an oncogene associated with programmed cell death, and known to be overexpressed in some malignant tumours. The TE showed staining of tumour cells limited to the outermost layer of the proliferation. The BCC tumour cells demonstrated diffuse staining throughout the tumour nodules. This difference in staining pattern was then applied to more equivocal cases, and seemed clearly to separate the entities. The observed findings may prove to be of diagnostic help in distinguishing borderline cases, and also offer some possible explanations for the biological differences between these neoplasms.
Determinants of Minority Mental Health and Wellness
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arthur Conan Doyle's Thesis on Tabes Dorsalis
Authors: Alvin E. Rodin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Best known as a writer of detective fiction, Arthur Conan Doyle was formally trained as a physician and practiced medicine from 1881 to 1891. He wrote articles on several medical subjects as well as an extensive thesis on tabes dorsalis for an MD degree. The thesis is a comprehensive and well-written summation of the subject. Its literary qualities were as unique to scientific writing in his day as they would be today. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:646-650)
A healthy old age: realistic or futile goal?
Authors: M. E T McMurdo
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Based on a presentation from the Millennium Festival of Medicine 

The undreamed of improvements in average life expectancy in the 20th century have thrust ageing to the forefront of attention, and more old people are alive today than at any time in history. People over 60 currently constitute a fifth of the UK population and will constitute one third by 2030 (figure). Though increasing life expectancy is hailed by some as one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century, a more common reaction is a doom-laden prediction of health and social budgets being drained by caring for dependent old people. Indeed some have argued that directing resources away from old people can be justified.1 Sensible debate about the impact of the changing age structure of the population has been hampered by media coverage edged with hysteria.

Of course, we need to consider how to care for the growing number of old people, but this aspect has dominated discussion to the virtual exclusion of a search for strategies which might improve their overall health. This negative tenor has been fuelled partly by a misunderstanding about health in old age. Certainly older people in general have poorer health than younger people, and this is due partly to the higher rates of disease in old age. The incidence of heart disease, for example, increases with age, but this does not mean that ageing itself is a cause of heart disease. Nor does it mean that heart disease is inevitable in old age. The crucial distinction between the effects of age alone and the effects of disease do need to be reinforced in the minds of both the public and health professionals. Finally laying to rest the pervasive misconception that all the ills of old age are “just your age” would represent …
TRAUMATISMS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY.
Authors: J. P. LORD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

When we turn our mental skiascope in retrospect, so as to reveal the dark places or shadows in the history of surgery, we are surprised to find that little more than a decade has passed since stab and gunshot wounds of the abdominal contents have been treated intelligently from a surgical standpoint. In these cases there was a wound of entrance and perhaps a wound of exit also, with perchance other and undisputable evidence of penetration of the organs within. Yet, notwithstanding these indications for operative interference, surgeons had continued for many years to ask the question so strikingly put by Abernethy, who asked, "is it enough that we examine the little hole made by the bullet, and as Nature, who shakes her head and leaves the patient to his hopeless fate?" With the development of abdominal surgery, after the introduction of antiseptics, came the solution of the question. When,
903. Ornithine Transacarbamylase Deficiency Correction with Low Dose of Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector
Authors: Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Christian Clarke, Viraj Mane, Donna Palmer, Philip Ng, William O'Brien, Brendan Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAd) can mediate long-term phenotypic correction in the ornithine transacarbamylase (OTC)-deficient mice model with negligible chronic toxicity. However, the high doses required for metabolic correction will result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans. This acute toxicity represents the major obstacle for clinical applications of HDAd vectors for the treatment of OTC deficiency. Strategies for reducing the dose necessary for disease correction are highly desirable since HDAd acute toxicity is clearly dose-dependent. We have compared in OTC-deficient mice spf-ash the efficacy of a vector containing a potent expression cassette with a vector expressing the transgene at a lower potency. Our results suggest that vector expressing greater OTC levels allows correction of orotic acid overproduction with lower vector doses. Moreover, we were able to achieve phenotypic correction with a dose (1|[times]|1012vp/kg) which is significantly lower than those previously reported for correction with either first-generation or HDAd vectors. Vectors containing the expression cassette used in this study combined with other strategies for improving HDAd therapeutic index will likely permit application of these vectors for the treatment of OTC deficiency as well as other urea cycle disorders. There likely is a limit to the benefit of overexpressing OTC in a smaller population of deficient cells given the magnitude of nitrogen transfer that must be handled by the liver on a daily basis. At the same time, we will need to evaluate potential adverse consequences of over-expression of these enzymes.
Ischaemia-induced negative U waves in electrocardiograms (an experimental study in canine hearts)
Authors: L. TAI FU, N. KATO, N. TAKAHASHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

To confirm the clinical impression that negative U waves are a sign of myocardial ischaemia, and to study their possible mechanism, we performed open chest experiments on dogs with the following results. (1) A negative U-wave tended to appear the peripheral rather than the central portion of the cyanotic zone following coronary artery occlusion; (2) it also appeared temporarily at the central ischaemic area after release of coronary artery occlusion; (3) it became apparent or accentuated with augmentation of left ventricular performance at a postextrasystolic beat; and (4) it was eliminated by infusion of K+-free Tyrode solution, but appeared after an infusion of high K+-Tyrode solution into the regional coronary artery. These results indicate that negative U waves are a sign of myocardial ischaemia, which may be related not only to simple myocardial stretching but also to contraction and external high K+ in the ischaemic area.
Antibody Deficiency Disorders in Recurrent/persistent pneumonia and Chronic Sinusitis in Thai Children at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health
Authors: P. Lerdluedeeporn, C. Thanee, N. Pupugdee, S. Nanthapisal, G. Phongsamart, M. Vangveeravong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)