tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glycogen synthase: a putative locus for diet-induced hyperglycemia.
Authors: M F Seldin, D Mott, D Bhat, A Petro, C M Kuhn, S F Kingsmore, C Bogardus, E Opara, M N Feinglos, R S Surwit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Inbred mouse strains fed a diabetogenic diet have different propensities to develop features analogous to type 2 diabetes mellitus. To define chromosomal locations that control these characteristics, recombinant inbred strains from diabetes-prone C57BL/6J (B/6J) and diabetes-resistant A/J strains were studied. Insulin levels and hyperglycemia correlated with two different regions of mouse chromosome 7 (two point LOD scores > 3.0). For insulin levels, 15 of 16 recombinant inbred strains were concordant with a region that contains the tubby mutation that results in hyperinsulinemia. For hyperglycemia, 19 of 23 strains were concordant with the D7Mit25 marker and 20 of 23 strains with the Gpi-1 locus on proximal mouse chromosome 7. Using more stringent criteria for hyperglycemia, 10 of 11 strains characterized as A/J or B/6J like were concordant with D7Mit25. This putative susceptibility locus is consistent with that of the glycogen synthase gene (Gys) recently suggested as a candidate locus by analyses of type 2 diabetes patients. Fractional glycogen synthase activity in isolated muscle was significantly lower in normal B/6J diabetic-prone mice compared with normal diabetic-resistant A/J mice, a finding similar to that reported in relatives of human patients with type 2 diabetes. These data, taken together, raise the possibility that defects in the Gys gene may in part be responsible for the propensity to develop type 2 diabetes.
PNEUMONIA AT A BASE HOSPITAL
Authors: RUFUS COLE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Early in February, a commission was sent by Surgeon-General Gorgas to Texas to study the pneumonia existing there. This commission was composed of Rufus Cole, W. G. MacCallum and Oswald T. Avery, Contract Surgeons, U. S. Army, Captains A. R. Dochez and R. A. Kinsella, and Lieutenants F. G. Blake, T. M. Rivers, H. John, F. A. Stevens and Wm. C. Von Glahn, Medical Reserve Corps. This special study was undertaken at the base hospital, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas. This hospital was chosen for this work merely because pneumonia was prevailing there to a large extent at the time, and also because of its proximity to the laboratory of the Southern Department, where facilities were available for carrying out the bacteriologic and pathologic examinations. It was thought that any facts disclosed by the study there might be applicable to other camps and base hospitals. Any general application of
Physicochemical-Viral Synergism During Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: A Review
Authors: E. K Henderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous herpesvirus, may be asymptomatic or may result in any one of a number of mild to severe hematopoietic disorders. Besides causing infectious mononucleosis, EBV has been associated with 95% of endemic African Burkitt's lymphoma and 10%–20% of the sporadic form of Burkitt's lymphoma outside Africa. EBV has also now been associated with all histological forms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. During the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis, a surprisingly large number of EBV-infected cells can be detected in the peripheral circulation (up to 0.05%). EBV also replicates in epithelial cells in the oropharyngeal region. It is known that physicochemical carcinogens can act synergistically with tumor viruses to enhance both viral replication and cellular transformation. Several laboratories have shown that chemical carcinogens and, in particular, DNA-alkylating agents can enhance EBV replication, EBV-induced lymphocyte transformation, and EBV-associated malignant conversion. Since there are ≈l012 lymphocytes in an adult, the large number of EBV-infected cells present in the circulation and oropharynx during infection would present an extraordinarily large target for carcinogen interaction. Moreover, after infection, EBV remains latent in lym-phoid cells for life. When these findings are considered in light of analytical and descriptive epidemio-logical evidence suggesting that, in addition to EBV infection, other environmental cofactors are important in EBV-associated tumor formation, the question could be asked whether these cofactors are physicochemical carcinogens. In an attempt to answer this question, I will review the ways in which physicochemical carcinogens can influence viral replication and virally induced transformation; aspects of the biology of the EBV-lymphocyte-epithelial cell interaction that make this system perhaps unique in terms of possible physicochemical interactions; the epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting EBV-physicochemical carcinogen synergisms; and finally, possible mechanisms whereby chemicals could influence the outcome of EBV infection and the probability of these events occurring during naturally acquired EBV infection.
Acute endotoxemia in mice induces downregulation of megalin and cubilin in the kidney
Authors: Andrea Schreiber, Franziska Theilig, Frank Schweda, Klaus Höcherl
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

Severe sepsis is often accompanied by acute renal failure with renal tubular dysfunction. Albuminuria is a common finding in septic patients and we studied whether it was due to an impairment of proximal tubular endocytosis of filtered albumin. We studied the regulation of megalin and cubilin, the two critical multiligand receptors responsible for albumin absorption, during severe experimental endotoxemia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused a time- and dose-dependent suppression of megalin and cubilin expression that was paralleled by a decrease in plasma albumin levels and an increase in the urine concentration of albumin in mice. Incubation of rat renal cortical slices with LPS also reduced the mRNA expression of megalin and cubilin. Further, LPS suppressed megalin and cubilin mRNA expression in murine primary proximal tubule cells and decreased the uptake of FITC albumin in these cells. In addition, the increase in urine levels of albumin in response to ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure was paralleled by a decrease in the expression of megalin and cubilin. Thus, our data indicate that the expression of megalin and cubilin is decreased during experimental endotoxemia and in response to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. This downregulation may contribute, in part, to an increase in urine levels of albumin during acute renal failure.
Letter: One thousand vasectomies.
Authors: E S Livingstone
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This author does not feel that it is unreasonable to insist on sperm-free specimens before pronouncing sterility in vasectomized men, a view held by the staff of the Margaret Pyke Centre as reported in a previous article. The author has performed 5000 vasectomies during the past 13 years in Canada, where litigation is possible in the event of failure of a vasectomy. In his own practice he now requires 2 negative specimens, 2 weeks apart, 2 months after vasectomy, followed by a third negative specimen 1 month later. If a specimen shows any motile or nonmotile sperm, then specimens are repeated monthly for 8-12 months. At the end of this variable period a second vasectomy is performed. The author did 14 repeat vasectomies and all were aspermic 1 month postoperatively. It was noted that the older the patient, the longer it took to achieve azoospermia, the vital factor being frequency of coitus, which in the older patient with failing sexual function requires more time and more ejaculations to complete evacuation of the spermatozoa. The author developed a time schedule for the patients to adhere to in order to detect any recanalization, which is more probable in the first 2 months and would show up on routine tests. Recanalization is indicated if sperm are present after 50 intercourses, dismissing intermittent aspermia, and a repeat vasectomy should be considered.
Somnolence after Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: J. E. Freeman, P. G. B. Johnston, J. M. Voke
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A transient cerebral disturbance characterized by somnolence of varying degree is described in children after cranial irradiation given as part of central nervous system (C.N.S.) prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in remission.Out of 28 such children receiving cranial irradiation as part of the Medical Research Council protocol for C.N.S. prophylaxis 11 (39%) developed pronounced symptoms of somnolence, anorexia, and lethargy some six weeks after the completion of cranial irradiation, and a further 11 (39%) developed these features in mild form. In all cases the symptoms were transient, no focal neurological abnormality was detected, and all children made a spontaneous and complete recovery. E.E.G. studies on five somnolent children showed similar abnormal activity of diffuse and patchy distribution over both hemispheres. Indirect evidence is presented to support the concept that this syndrome represents a transient radiation encephalopathy, analogous to acute transient radiation myelopathy, caused by temporary disturbance of myelin synthesis.
The Study of Time
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Time dominates our lives and our thinking. But what<i>is</i>time? What is its relation to different rhythms? How do we measure time? How does our sense of time originate? How do we regard it and how have other cultures regarded it? How are our physiological processes geared to time? The more we reflect the more complex the concept and the problems appear, and the more difficult to untangle. The International Society for the Study of Time held a conference in Germany in September 1969, with an interdisciplinary program having an amazing breadth and depth. The papers here reproduced are difficult but challenging, and cut across a truly wide range of disciplines. Mathematicians and physicists have much in common as they try to understand time, but nonmathematicians and nonphysicists will find this section hard going. On the other hand, the section on "Time in the Life Sciences"—one of the major
A CONTRIBUTION TO CHEILOPLASTY.
Authors: J. H. JACOBSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

failed to discover the ova of Oxyuris in fecal examina- tion.On the other hand, v. Jackson says he has almost always found them in the feces.No ova of the tapeworms were found.The Chinese eat but very little beef, and that well cooked, explaining the absence of Tenia saginata.A great deal of pork is eaten, but thoroughly cooked, so Tenia solium also is ap- parently uncommon.Of the unicellular intestinal parasites but one was noted, the Trichomonas intestinalis.Some of the stools, however, were examined after standing for some time, bo it is possible some were overlooked in this way.Dys- entery and abscess of the liver are not uncommon here;
Physical activity and 23-year incidence of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among middle-aged men. The Honolulu Heart Program.
Authors: B L Rodriguez, J D Curb, C M Burchfiel, R D Abbott, H Petrovitch, K Masaki, D Chiu
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to examine the association between physical activity and 23-year incidence of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. This cohort study continues to follow 8006 Japanese-American men who were 45 to 68 years of age and living on Oahu, Hawaii, in 1965, for the development of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS The Framingham physical activity index was calculated by summing the product of average hours spent at each activity level and a weighting factor based on oxygen consumption. Study subjects were divided into tertiles of physical activity index at baseline. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incidence of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality were obtained using the Cox model. After age adjustment and using the lowest physical activity index tertile as a reference group, the relative risk for coronary heart disease incidence for the highest tertile of physical activity was 0.83 (CI, 0.70 to 0.99). After adjusting for age, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes, cholesterol, and body mass index, the relative risk was 0.95 and CI included 1 (CI, 0.80 to 1.14). For coronary heart disease mortality, the age-adjusted relative risk was 0.74 (CI, 0.56 to 0.97) and 0.85 (CI, 0.65 to 1.13) after risk factor adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the impact of physical activity index on coronary heart disease is mediated through its effects on hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, and body mass index. These findings support the hypothesis that physical activity is inversely associated with coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and suggest that physical activity interventions in middle-aged men, by improving cardiovascular risk factor levels, may have significant public health implications in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Endoscopic Management of Duodenal Diverticulitis Causing Common Bile Duct Obstruction and Cholangitis
Authors: M. Caselitz, M. P. Manns, P. N. Meier
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Second to the colon, the duodenum is the most common site for the development of diverticula in the alimentary tract. Inflammation of a juxtapapillary diverticulum is a rare complication, and may lead to compression of the common bile duct, resulting in cholangitis. We report here a case of this type, in which the patient was treated successfully using combined endoscopic therapy.
HIV groups call on US government to fund preventive drug treatment
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Leading HIV prevention organisations in the United States have issued a “call to action” to develop a comprehensive plan for use of antiretrovirals to prevent new cases of HIV among the groups at highest risk of infection.

The idea of giving antiretrovirals to people who are at a high risk of contracting HIV is known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and has proved effective in recent studies ( BMJ 2011;343:d4540, 15 Jul, doi:10.1136/bmj.d4540). Now the groups are asking the US Department of Health and Human Services to develop demonstration projects to identify how and where the expensive intervention may best be used.

“We are …
The effect of noradrenaline on the ability of rat papillary muscle to resist an acute respiratory acidosis
Authors: S V BAUDOUIN, N T BATEMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

We have studied the effect of an increase in extracellular calcium and of noradrenaline on the ability of rat right ventricular papillary muscle in vitro to resist an acute fall in extracellular pH (pHe) produced by a rise in superfusate PCO2. We found a steep linear relationship, slope 0.86(SEM 0.06), r = 0.94, between a plot of logarithmic change in tension against pHe for control muscles (superfusate containing 1.8 mmol.litre-1 calcium). An increase in extracellular calcium (3.6 mmol.litre-1) increased absolute tension but did not alter the slope significantly. Increasing concentrations of noradrenaline (6.3 x 10(-8) to 6.3 x 10(-6) M) progressively reduced the slope of the tension/pHe plot from 0.82(0.05) to 0.35(0.07), p less than 0.001. Noradrenaline improved the ability of rat papillary muscle to resist an acute acidosis by a mechanism independent of changes in calcium concentration.
Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV — Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Myron S. Cohen, Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The NEJM Image Challenge app brings a popular online feature to the smartphone.Optimized for viewing on the iPhone and iPod Touch, the Image Challenge app lets you test your diagnostic skills anytime, anywhere.The Image Challenge app randomly selects from 300 challenging clinical photos published in NEJM, with a new image added each week.View an image, choose your answer, get immediate feedback, and see how others answered.The Image Challenge app is available at the iTunes App Store.
Tick-Borne Complications
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quarter of consultant psychiatric posts in Wales are vacant
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Mental health services for adults in Wales are in danger of not meeting key standards and targets set by the Welsh Assembly, a report has said. At the time the services were reviewed by the Wales Audit Office, 26% of general adult psychiatry consultant posts were vacant, and trusts were taking a considerable amount of time to fill them—as many as four years in a few cases. In three trusts the number of vacancies was more than 40%.

The audit office's report also warns that mental health …
Calcified Plaque in the Cervical Spine With Pain and Paresthesia
Authors: Richard L. Goldwin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> A 52-year-old diabetic woman was seen in the clinic for pain in her shoulder and left arm. She also complained of paresthesias in her left upper extremity for the previous 13 years. Past history showed head trauma at age 2 years following a 4-m fall. Physical examination of the neck showed normal flexion, extension to 60°, right lateral rotation to 60°, and left lateral rotation to 45°. No sensory deficit was detected in her left arm. Figure 1 shows the lateral film from the cervical spine series. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine ("Japanese disease"). <h3>Comment</h3> The initial roentgenograms (Fig 1) demonstrated a bony plaque along the posterior aspect of vertebral bodies C-2 to C-4. Osteoarthritic changes were noted at the C-5 to C-6 level. Additionally, an os odontoideum was seen at C-1 Anteroposterior and lateral tomograms (Fig 2 and 3) showed the ossified
Bring Back Home Economics Education
Authors: Alice H. Lichtenstein, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Two thirds of US intensive care patients get suboptimal care
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Two thirds of patients in intensive care units in the United States are receiving less than optimal care, because of a shortfall in the number of critical care specialists, concludes a report from the federal Department of Health and Human Services. The situation is likely to worsen over the next 15 years as the US population ages and the need for critical care experts grows, it says.

“Fewer newly trained physicians are choosing pulmonary and critical care medicine as a specialty, due to the intense lifestyle associated with critical care and the challenges with reimbursement,” …
Medical Complications and Medical Management of Bulimia
Authors: JAMES E. MITCHELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The syndrome of bulimia is a common disorder and can be associated with serious psychological and physical morbidity. Unfortunately, many patients are reluctant to discuss their symptoms with their physicians and few clues can be found on physical examination to aid in the diagnosis. Possible physical signs include ulceration or scarring of the dorsum of the hand, salivary gland hypertrophy, and dental enamel erosion. In laboratory testing it is fairly common for patients with active bulimia to have fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, particularly hypokalemic alkalosis, and some also have elevated serum amylase levels. Rare complications include myopathies from misuse of ipecac, ruptured esophagus and pneumomediastinum associated with vomiting, and subtle abnormalities in neuroendocrine regulatory systems. Medical management including monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is essential during treatment.
74 Amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in OB/OB mice via oral immune regulation towards liver extracted proteins is associated with elevated intrahepatic NKT lymphocytes and a TH2 immune shift
Authors: E ELINAV, O PAPPO, M SCLAIRLEVY, M GOMORI, O SHIBOLET, B THALENFELD, D ENGELHARDT, E RABBANI, Y ILAN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
TNM classification system for primary cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)
Authors: Youn H. Kim, Rein Willemze, Nicola Pimpinelli, Sean Whittaker, Elise A. Olsen, Annamari Ranki, Reinhard Dummer, Richard T. Hoppe
Journal: Blood (2007)
Novel Risk Markers and Clinical Practice
Authors: Teri Manolio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A growing understanding of the importance of the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque in the pathogenesis of coronary events has led to the identification of an expanding array of markers of plaque vulnerability.1,2 Reports of markers of inflammation and coronary risk are appearing with increasing frequency; such markers include adhesion molecules, metalloproteinases, and as described in this issue of the Journal, myeloperoxidase (reported by Brennan et al., pages 1595–1604) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (reported by Blankenberg et al., pages 1605–1613). What should the clinician look for in these reports to determine their implications for patient care?First, the measure should . . .