tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injuries in icelandic male team handball players
Authors: E Rafnsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Team handball has a rich tradition and interest among Icelanders. No studies have been published on the incidence and nature of injuries in Icelandic team handball. Objective To examine and document the incidence, nature and severity of injuries in male team handball. Design Prospective cohort study. The teams were followed for 9 months. Injuries were recorded by the players under supervision from their team physiotherapists, coaches and delegates on a special form. Coaches recorded training exposure. Setting Icelandic elite male team handball. Participants Players from all (eight) premiership and six best (of eight) second division teams were invited to participate. The selection was based on the 2006–2007 league position. 159 players from seven premiership and 4 s division teams entered the study. 109 players from four premiership and 2 s division teams finished it. Main outcome of measurement (1) Incidence and severity of acute and overuse injuries. (2) Variation between teams and playing positions. (3) Use of braces and tape. Results 86 injuries were recorded, 53 (61.6%) acute, and 33 (38.4%) overuse injuries. The injury incidence was 15.0 injuries per 1000 player hours during games and 2.2 injuries per 1000 player hours during training. Acute injuries were most common in knees (26.4%). Overuse injuries were most frequent in low back/sacrum/pelvic region (33.3%). No difference was in incidence of injuries between teams. Back court players were most frequent injured, goalkeepers least. 22.4% of the players used ankle braces during games and most training sessions. 28.2% used tape on fingers. Conclusion The total injury incidence is similar than in previous, comparable studies. However, higher rate of overuse injuries in low back/sacrum/pelvic region raise questions about training methods and preparation for the Icelandic team handball players.
Book: `Race' and Childbirth
Authors: K. Ehrich
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Savita Katbamna ![Graphic][1]</img> Open University Press, £18.99, pp 144 ISBN 0 335 19946 1 Rating:![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Meg Stacey, emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Warwick, recently commented with characteristic honesty that much of the early sociological research on childbirth was performed by people who wanted to make things better for people like themselves. They were unwittingly colluding in a failure to recognise how we make invisible the experiences, beliefs, and practices of “others”. This “blindness”, which academia and medicine have shared along with other British institutions, provides fertile ground for … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Spontaneously Reversible Retinal Detachment Occurring During Uremia.
Authors: Leon Lapco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Spontaneously Reversible Retinal Detachment Occurring During Uremia.Leon Lapco, M.D., John M. Weller, M.D., F.A.C.P., James A. Greene Jr., M.D.Leon Lapco, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John M. Weller, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James A. Greene Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-921_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSpontaneously reversible retinal detachment has not previously been stressed as an entity occurring during uremia. We have studied seven patients having this condition. All had renal insufficiency for at least 6 months prior to the time that retinal detachment occurred. Five of the subjects were males. All had peripheral edema and systemic hypertension. Patients complained of blurring of the vision, drawing attention to the clinical finding of retinal detachment. The visual symptoms lasted 1 to 5 weeks.We have found that the occurrence of retinal detachment correlates with alterations in body weight and serum sodium. With clearing of the retinal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 921-921KeywordsBody weightEdemaHypertensionRetinal detachmentSodiumVision Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: James Gamero
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in reference to the recent editorial by Drs Mavligit and Freireich entitled "Progress in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer" (235:2855, 1976). I believe that their statement "treatment results have not improved much over the past two decades, in spite of surgery and radiotherapy" is incorrect and misleading. I agree that surgery has perhaps gone as far as it will and that no progress with this therapeutic modality has been made in the past 20 years. Much to the contrary, radiotherapy has increasingly improved results, and reports published within the last two decades clearly demonstrate this (231:1381, 1975; 231:1385, 1975).<sup>1-3</sup>In fact, the contributions of radiotherapy have been such that one can speak of cure by endocavitary irradiation in certain early tumors. It is very probable that radiotherapy is under-utilized nationwide, but that is a different problem. These comments are not to denigrate fluorouracil, which
MicroRNA-22 Suppresses DNA Repair and Promotes Genomic Instability through Targeting of MDC1
Authors: Jung-Hee Lee, Seon-Joo Park, Seo-Yeon Jeong, Min-Ji Kim, Semo Jun, Hyun-Seo Lee, In-Youb Chang, Sung-Chul Lim, Sang Pil Yoon, Jeongsik Yong, Ho Jin You
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

MDC1 is critical component of the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery and orchestrates the ensuring assembly of the DDR protein at the DNA damage sites, and therefore loss of MDC1 results in genomic instability and tumorigenicity. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling MDC1 expression are currently unknown. Here, we show that miR-22 inhibits MDC1 translation via direct binding to its 3' untranslated region, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and genomic instability. We demonstrated that activated Akt1 and senescence hinder DDR function of MDC1 by upregulating endogenous miR-22. After overexpression of constitutively active Akt1, homologous recombination was inhibited by miR-22-mediated MDC1 repression. In addition, during replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence, MDC1 was downregulated by upregulating miR-22 and thereby accumulating DNA damage. Our results demonstrate a central role of miR-22 in the physiologic regulation of MDC1-dependent DDR and suggest a molecular mechanism for how aberrant Akt1 activation and senescence lead to increased genomic instability, fostering an environment that promotes tumorigenesis.
Muscular development and physical activity as major determinants of femoral bone mass acquisition during growth
Authors: G Vicente-Rodriguez, I Ara, J Perez-Gomez, C Dorado, J A L Calbet
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

To investigate to what extent bone mass accrual is determined by physical activity and changes in lean, fat, and total body mass during growth.Twenty six physically active and 16 age matched control boys were followed up for three years. All subjects were prepubertal at the start of the survey (mean (SEM) age 9.4 (0.3) years). The weekly physical activity of the active boys included compulsory physical education sessions (80-90 minutes a week), three hours a week of extracurricular sports participation, and occasional sports competitions at weekends. The physical activity of the control group was limited to the compulsory physical education curriculum. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD), lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry.The effect of sports participation on femoral bone mass accrual was remarkable. Femoral BMC and BMD increased twice as much in the active group as in the controls over the three year period (p < 0.05). The greatest correlation was found between the increment in femoral bone mass and the increment in lean mass (BMC r = 0.67 and BMD r = 0.69, both p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed enhancement in lean mass as the best predictor of the increment in femoral bone BMC (R = 0.65) and BMD (R = 0.69).Long term sports participation during early adolescence results in greater accrual of bone mass. Enhancement of lean mass seems to be the best predictor of this bone mass accumulation. However, for a given muscle mass, a greater level of physical activity is associated with greater bone mass and density in peripubertal boys.
Computerisation of primary care in Wales.
Authors: J R Goves, T Davies, T Reilly
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To obtain information about the computerisation of general practice in Wales, and to enable more effective planning of educational provision for doctors and other primary health care workers. DESIGN--Postal questionnaire sent to all general practices in Wales. SUBJECTS--553 general practices, of which 401 (73% replied). RESULTS--The level of computerisation varied from 11 (85%) of practices in Powys Family Health Services Authority to 22 (40%) in Mid Glamorgan. Less than half of practices had a computer in only two authorities. The commonest uses of the computer were for patient registration (208 practices), repeat prescribing (180), call and recall of patients (165), and partial clinical records (122). The main suppliers were VAMP (78 practices), AAH Meditel (46), and AMC (23). 102 of 226 practices with a computer had a terminal on each doctor9s desk. Just 33 practices had full patient notes on computer and 51 had modems for electronic communication. CONCLUSION--Mechanisms to encourage greater and more sophisticated use of computers and information technology need to be explored.
Ampicillin and the fifth-day rash.
Authors: J. Stevenson, B. Mandal
Journal: BMJ (1966)

SIR,-Your leading article on pulmonary infarction (7 May, p. 1129) was a most comprehensive account of different aspects of this condition, and was read with much interest.You mention that there is no longer any doubt of the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in pulmonary infarction.It may be so at the present moment, but apart from anticoagulant therapy and pulmonary embolectomy, fibrinolytic therapy may also have a place in the treatment of pulmonary embolism; though so far there has been no extensive clinical trials preliminary reports of this therapy have been encouraging,' Browse and Jones' found striking clinical improvement in four of their patients treated with streptokinase, previous anticoagulation having failed to improve two of them.They recommend streptokinase as the treatment of choice in all except the moribund, in whom heparin should be tried.McNicol and Douglas' also suggest that the main indication for streptokinase is probably recent arterial occlusion and pulmonary embolism.-I am, etc.,
Hormonal control of intestinal Fc receptor gene expression and immunoglobulin transport in suckling rats.
Authors: M G Martín, S V Wu, J H Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Hormonal control of immunoglobulin (Ig) absorption and of intestinal Fc receptor mRNA expression were investigated in rats to assess its potential role in the normal postsuckling inhibition of this transport system. Corticosterone and L-thyroxine therapy caused premature inhibition of the absorption of orally administered murine monoclonal antibody and of Fc receptor mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Low-dose corticosterone had no effect on Fc receptor mRNA synthesis after 3 d but decreased Ig transport fivefold after 7 d. High dose corticosterone resulted in a threefold reduction in Fc receptor after 3 d, and there was almost complete inhibition (> 30-fold) of transport and of Fc receptor transcript levels after 7 d. Similarly, 7 d of high-dose thyroxine decreased both serum Ig transport and Fc receptor (> 30-fold). However, adrenalectomy did not prevent the normal post-suckling declines in Ig transport or receptor synthesis. This study demonstrates that exogenous corticosteroids and thyroxine hormone inhibit Ig transport and steady-state duodenal Fc receptor mRNA levels in suckling rats. Endogenous adrenal steroids however, do not appear to be entirely responsible for the age-dependent decline in this transport system.
Urinary Tract Infections in Young Adult Women Caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Authors: Robert H. Latham
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We evaluated and compared 81 urinary tract infections (UTIs) with<i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>occurring in 72 college women with<i>Escherichia coli</i>UTIs. During the 14-month study period,<i>S saprophyticus</i>was the second most common cause of UTIs, accounting for 11% of the total.<i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>infections occurred more frequently during the late summer and early fall. Age, history of previous UTI, signs and symptoms of infection, and findings on urinalysis were similar in patients with<i>S saprophyticus</i>and<i>E coli</i>infections. Nine (41%) of 22<i>S saprophyticus</i>infections were localized to the upper urinary tract by the antibody-coated bacteria technique compared with 18 (16%) of 115 infections with<i>E coli</i>(<i>P</i>=.01). Rectal, vaginal, and urethral colonization with<i>S saprophyticus</i>was associated with UTI caused by these organisms, suggesting that their pathogenesis resembles that of<i>E coli</i>UTIs. In vitro susceptibility testing showed almost uniform sensitivity of<i>S saprophyticus</i>to most antimicrobials used to treat UTIs, but recurrent infections occurred in six of the 72 women despite adequate therapy. Physicians and microbiologists must be aware that<i>S saprophyticus</i>is an important cause of UTIs in young women. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:3063-3066)
T cell apoptosis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: M P Peppelenbosch, S J H van Deventer
Journal: Gut (2004)

Intrinsic defects in the control of programmed cell death in the mucosal T cell compartment are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, and there are important differences in the regulation of apoptosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

Approximately 2×1014 bacteria reside in the gastrointestinal tract, and this astonishing microbiological pressure represents an extraordinary challenge to the mucosal immune system, which has to perform a balancing act between appropriate responsiveness to pathogenic organisms and tolerance for harmless organisms. When this balance in mucosal immune system responsiveness is tilted towards an exaggerated or uncontrolled reaction against the commensal flora, inflammatory bowel disease results. Despite many important findings in recent years, including the association of inactivating mutations in the CARD15 (NOD2) receptor with Crohn’s disease, it is not fully understood why the mucosal immune response is over reactive in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, or how current medical treatment precisely affects the mucosal immune system. Two papers in the present issue of Gut 1,2 suggest that intrinsic defects in the control of programmed cell death in the mucosal T cell compartment are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, and important differences in the regulation of apoptosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are identified ( see pages 1624 and 1632 ).

The experiments performed in both papers compare properties of apoptosis induction in lamina propria T cells of patients of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and non-inflamed controls. The paper by Doering and colleagues1 reports that induction of apoptosis in mucosal T cell compartment is severely impaired in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This is the latest of a series of observations by several laboratories which show that mucosal T cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are highly resistant to apoptosis.3–6 …
Etretinate administration reduces serum propeptide of type I procollagen level in patients with psoriasis
Authors: K. OSADA, M. SEISHIMA, S. MORI, M. SEISHIMA, M. TAKEMURA, A. NOMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) level in 26 patients with psoriasis was significantly lower than in control subjects (124 +/- 47 and 224 +/- 78 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). The patients were divided into two groups, those treated with etretinate and untreated patients. PICP levels in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the control and untreated groups. In addition, there was a negative correlation between PICP levels and the serum etretinate concentration in treated patients (r = -0.622, P < 0.05). There was no difference between procollagen type III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIIP) levels in patients and controls, nor was there any significant difference between etretinate-treated and untreated patients. In cell culture studies, etretinate dose-dependently (from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M) decreased the PICP concentration in the medium of fibroblasts from both healthy subjects and patients. In osteoblast cell culture, PICP levels were reduced only in a high concentration of etretinate (10(-5) M). However, no change was observed in preadipose cells. Our in vivo and in vitro observations indicated that psoriasis per se did not affect either serum PICP or PIIIP levels, but that etretinate had an inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. Hence, the administration of etretinate to psoriatic patients is, at least in part, responsible for the reduction of serum PICP levels in these patients.
Role of the endogenous kallikrein-kinin system in modulating vasopressin-stimulated water flow and urea permeability in the toad urinary bladder.
Authors: C P Carvounis, G Carvounis, L A Arbeit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

This study investigates the endogenous kallikrein-kinin system's role as a modulator of vasopressin action in the toad urinary bladder. Kalli-krein inhibition by aprotinin, which results in decreased kinin production, significantly increased both vasopressin and 8-Br-cyclic (c) AMP-stimulated water flow. Kinin potentiation by the kininase II inhibitor captopril (SQ 14225) significantly decreased vasopressin and 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated water flow. In contrast to water flow, vasopressin-stimulated urea permeability was decreased by aprotinin and increased by captopril. We conclude that the endogenous kallikrein-kinin system represents a significant modulator of vasopressin action and it permits separate control of vasopressin-stimulated water flow and solute transport.
Influence of Small Increments of Epinephrine on Glucose Tolerance in Normal Humans
Authors: SOL HAMBURG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

To ascertain whether small elevations of epinephrine alter glucose tolerance, we infused epinephrine or saline into seven healthy volunteers for 5 hours. Two hours after starting the infusions, subjects ingested 100 g of glucose. Plasma epinephrine (basal 23 ± 4 pg/mL) rose during epinephrine infusion to levels (75 to 80 pg/mL) similar to those observed in nine outpatients presenting with mild viral illnesses (66 ± 8 pg/mL). Although epinephrine produced only a small (5 mg/dL) increase in plasma glucose before glucose ingestion, after oral glucose the levels of glucose increased by 30 to 60 mg/dL above saline control values (163 ± 14 mg/dL versus 108 ± 15 at 2 h,p < 0.005). This diabetogenic effect occurred despite two-fold higher insulin levels and normal suppression of plasma glucagon. We conclude that small physiologic increments of epinephrine, which cause minimal changes in fasting plasma glucose, produce a marked reduction in glucose tolerance. Our data suggest marked sensitivity to the insulin antagonistic effects of epinephrine and may provide a mechanism for stressinduced glucose intolerance.
In vitro modulation of cisplatin accumulation in human ovarian carcinoma cells by pharmacologic alteration of microtubules.
Authors: R D Christen, A P Jekunen, J A Jones, F Thiebaut, D R Shalinsky, S B Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have previously shown that forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increased accumulation of cisplatin (DDP) in DDP-sensitive 2008 human ovarian carcinoma cells in proportion to their ability to increase cAMP. Since the major function of cAMP is to activate protein kinase A, it was conjectured that the stimulation of DDP accumulation was mediated by a protein kinase A substrate. We now show that exposure of 2008 cells to forskolin resulted in phosphorylation of a prominent 52-kD membrane protein. Microsequencing of the band demonstrated it to be human beta-tubulin. Similarly, pretreatment of 2008 cells with the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol increased platinum accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In 11-fold DDP-resistant 2008/C13*5.25 cells, decreased DDP accumulation was associated with enhanced spontaneous formation of microtubule bundles and decreased expression of beta-tubulin and the tubulin-associated p53 antioncogene relative to 2008 cells. 2008/C13*5.25 cells had altered sensitivity to tubulin-binding drugs, being hypersensitive to taxol and cross-resistant to colchicine. We conclude that pharmacologic alterations of tubulin enhance accumulation of DDP, and that the DDP-resistant phenotype in 2008/C13*5.25 cells is associated with tubulin abnormalities.
Practicality of recording patient ethnicity in general practice: descriptive intervention study and attitude survey
Authors: M. Pringle, I. Rothera
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the feasibility of recording patient ethnicity in primary care using the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys classification. <b>Design</b>: A descriptive intervention study and attitude survey in random samples of adults and primary care staff in randomly selected practices. <b>Setting</b>: Eight practices in Lincolnshire and seven in Leicester. <b>Subjects and methods</b>: When patients were asked their ethnicity by general practitioners, nurses, or receptionists data were collected for 863 of a possible 880 patients. Of 750 patients sent a questionnaire about their attitudes towards the collection of such data 489 responded. Ninety five primary care staff completed a similar questionnaire. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Time taken to record a patient9s ethnicity; attitudes of patients and staff towards such recording, including who should ask, who can respond for others, and whether data can be shared with secondary care. <b>Results</b>: Recording the data took less than a minute for three quarters of patients, but even this would need an average of a week of receptionist time per general practitioner. 72% of patients and 57% of staff agreed that ethnic data could be shared with secondary care, and 73% of patients and 60% of staff felt that the data should probably be collected in general practice. <b>Conclusions</b>: Ethnicity recording in general practice is feasible and acceptable. Nevertheless, the role of ethnic data in assessing health need in primary care, an adequate recording system, and evidence that recording offers benefits greater than the costs need to be established. <h3>Key messages</h3> Such recording would usually be quick for individuals but adds up to a considerable commitment for practices Patients and staff generally find the concept of recording ethnicity in primary care acceptable There needs to be clearer evidence of benefit before asking about ethnicity can be recommended as a routine part of general practice care