tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Green Pigmentation on the Palms and Soles
Authors: Daranporn Triwongwaranat, Pranee Kasemsarn, Waranya Boonchai
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Aman inhis50spresentedwithabrupt-onsetasymptomaticgreen and brown pigmented lesions on both his palms and soles (Figure, A). He had had progressive jaundice for a month and was recently diagnosedashavingadvanced intrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma.The cutaneous eruption developed 3 days after a high-grade fever during admission for palliative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with metallic stent insertion. The investigation for cause of fever showed influenza A infection. He denied history of contact with any greenish substances on his palms and soles during admission. His sweat was colorless. Physical examination revealed generalized marked jaundice and bilateral symmetrical greenish brown macules and patches on hyperkeratotic palms and soles. The potassium hydroxide examination and Gram stain results were negative for any organisms. Laboratory tests showed a total to direct bilirubin level of 32.7/ 25.5 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase level of 93 U/L; alanine aminotransferase level of 82 U/L; and alkaline phosphatase level of 973 U/L. (To convert bilirubin to micromoles per liter, multiply by 17.104; to convert asparatate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase to microkatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167.) Figure, B, shows the dermatoscopic finding of peeling skin. An incisional biopsy specimen from a nondesquamated greenish brown patch on the left palm, 1 day after the appearance of lesions, was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (Figure, C). What is your diagnosis?
Reliability of skin prick tests during terfenadine treatment in adults with pollen rhinitis
Authors: M. Christensen, L. Moelby, F. Svendsen
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The variation in skin prick test (SPT) results was evaluated clinically during terfenadine treatment in 39 adult patients with pollen rhinitis. A change in the perceived state of the patient as regards sensitization to a specific pollen allergen or atopic constitution was judged to be clinically important. A randomized, double‐blind, crossover design was used, comprising 2 weeks on terfenadine 120 mg once a day and 2 weeks on placebo. SPT for two pollen allergens and histamine (10mg/ml) were evaluated at the start of the study and at the end of each period. When SPT was used as a discovery test and liberal definitions were applied, predictive values for a positive test were 100%. 1‐Sensitivity ranged between 10 and 54% with substantially lower values when a histamine wheal reaction was noted. The inhibitory effect of terfenadine was detectable 2 weeks after withdrawal as a reduction in the median of the mean diameter for the histamine‐induced wheal response of 1 mm (0–1.5). The data implied that a positive SPT is reliable when liberal definitions are adopted for sensitization and atopy; a negative SPT is presumably reliable when the measurement artifact is considered and the wheal reaction to histamine is detectable.
Atypical angiomatosis in polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: R.F. HORAN, S.R. TAHAN, R.J. MARGOLIS, H.A. HAYNES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Atypical angiomatosis in polyarteritis nodosa Get access R.F. HORAN, R.F. HORAN Dermatology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Departments of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Richard F.Horan, M.D., Division of Rheumatology‐Immunology, New England Medical Centre Hospital, Box 406, 171 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.R. TAHAN, S.R. TAHAN Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Departments of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Departments of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. MARGOLIS, R.J. MARGOLIS Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Departments of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.A. HAYNES H.A. HAYNES Dermatology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Departments of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 5, 1 November 1986, Pages 611–618, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05773.x Published: 01 November 1986 Article history Accepted: 14 April 1986 Published: 01 November 1986
Topical Ivermectin — A Step toward Making Head Lice Dead Lice?
Authors: Olivier Chosidow, Bruno Giraudeau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Head-louse infestation stigmatizes hundreds of millions of people worldwide, predominantly children 3 to 11 years of age of all socioeconomic levels. It is commonly perceived as a sign of poor hygiene, which often engenders excessive management responses (e.g., repeated hair shaving and improper pediculicide use). Medical consequences of infestation can include itching and scratching, which may lead to cutaneous bacterial superinfection (i.e., pyoderma and impetigo) and possible transmission of Bartonella quintana, the trench-fever pathogen that is usually transmitted by body lice and that has been isolated from head lice.1 The estimated annual direct and indirect cost of head-louse infestation in . . .
UNIVERSALIZING BREAST FEEDING IN A COMMUNITY
Authors: FRANK HOWARD RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The Nassau County, New York, breast feeding demonstration in 1923 and 1924 was the 1st significant demonstration since Sedgwick proved in Minneapolis that universalizing of breast feeding in a community can be accomplished. Of the 3 essentials necessary to proceed, the New York State Dept. of Health provided the birth records and the nurses trained in techniques of breast feeding and the Brooklyn Pediatric Society supplied physicians interested in the promotion of breast feeding. In this demonstration a case was only accepted after approval was obtained from the physician who signed the birth certificate, and this attending doctor introduced the nurse to the mother she would be visiting and helping. All data evaluated by an impartial and professionally trained statistician. 2815 infants were included in the demonstration. 9/10 of the mothers nursed their infants for 1 month and 2/3 did so for 7 months. The mortality rate of this group of infants was 49/1000. In the years preceding the demonstration, 1920, 1921, and 1922, the infant mortality rate was 70, 67, and 78 respectively. The data show conclusively that there is more sickness among children who have not been breast fed. There have been numerous requests for information on the demonstration and programs similar to Nassau County's have begun. The movement for universalizing breast feeding is growing quickly throughout the state of New York.
Climate and History: Studies in Interdisciplinary History
Authors: William H. McNeill
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The idea that climatic change severe enough to affect human life may have occurred during historic times is still new among historians. Evidences of such changes have been derived by surprisingly diverse indirect routes: chemical analysis of stalactites from a cave in New Zealand, for example, and study of ocean bottom cores, bog pollen, tree rings, vintage and harvest dates, records of rivers freezing, and other such phenomena. What to make of such evidences, and how to translate observed variations into fluctuations of temperature and precipitation as measured today, remain controversial. The articles reprinted here from the<i>Journal of Interdisciplinary History</i>(spring 1980) contribute to that controversy and conveniently summarize what can be known and surmised about climate changes across past centuries. Two schools of thought emerge. Some bold spirits are prepared to suggest significant connections between climate and historic changes. Alexander Wilson, for instance, suggests that his analysis of
A MODIFICATION OF THE STEINMAN NAIL
Authors: H. D. Sonnenschein
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The accompanying illustration is of a modification of the Steinman nail, used so commonly to obtain skeletal traction in fractures of the long bones. To the usual type of nail, a "shoulder" is braised at one end; this shoulder is so placed that it does not interfere with the skin wound or with the traction pieces. A sheath of steel tubing is fashioned over this end, long enough to fit against the shoulder and to clear the end of the nail. The blows cf the mallet are directed against the flat end of this sheath, and after the nail is in position the tubing is removed. The chief annoyance in using the Steinman nail is that the nail sticks into the mallet at the end of the blow, and at the close of the operation the mallet is badly mutilated, and many times the nail also. If, as is a
Folic Acid Supplementation and Spontaneous Preterm Birth: Adding Grist to the Mill?
Authors: Leonie Callaway, Paul B. Colditz, Nicholas M. Fisk
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Preterm birth is increasing, and complicates 12% of deliveries in the United States.It is the dominant cause of neonatal mortality.Preterm birth also accounts for one in three children with vision impairment, one in five with mental retardation, and almost half with cerebral palsy [1].Babies born weighing under 2,500 g are at heightened risk in adulthood of diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1].These short-and long-term sequelae make the prevention of preterm birth a public health priority.
THE GELPI-BUBIS WEIGHTED VAGINAL SPECULUM
Authors: J. L. Bubis
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This is a two-piece instrument consisting of the Gelpi perineal retractor supplied with a Haslam Loktite locking device and thumb-set screw over which the groove of the Bubis weighted speculum is placed into position. The instrument has been given a thorough trial at the Mount Sinai Hospital of Cleveland in all gyneplastic operations. It is especially adaptable for the repair of the cervix and cystocele and also for vaginal hysterectomies. The amount of tension and exposure of the vagina are easily controlled, and at least one assistant can be dispensed with during the operation. The Gelpi perineal retractor is first placed in position and the Bubis weighted speculum is superimposed and fixed in the right position with the thumb-screw.
Chemotherapy Rescues Hypoxic Tumor Cells and Induces Their Reoxygenation and Repopulation—An Effect That Is Inhibited by the Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302
Authors: Jasdeep K. Saggar, Ian F. Tannock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Chemotherapy targets rapidly proliferating tumor cells, but spares slowly proliferating hypoxic cells. We hypothesized that nutrition of hypoxic cells would improve in intervals between chemotherapy, and that hypoxic cells destined to die without treatment would survive and proliferate.We therefore evaluated repopulation and reoxygenation following chemotherapy, and the effects of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 on these processes. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with doxorubicin or docetaxel ± TH-302. Pimonidazole (given concurrent with chemotherapy) and EF5 (given 24 to 120 hours later) identified hypoxic cells. Proliferation (Ki67) and oxygen status (EF5 uptake) of formerly hypoxic (pimo positive) cells were quantified by immunohistochemistry.Chronically hypoxic cells had limited proliferation in control tumors. After chemotherapy, we observed reoxygenation and increased proliferation of previously hypoxic cells; these processes were inhibited by TH-302.Chemotherapy leads to paradoxical sparing of hypoxic cells destined to die in solid tumors in absence of treatment, and their reoxygenation and proliferation: TH-302 inhibits these processes.
Intensive Insulin Therapy for Treatment of Type I Diabetes
Authors: Irl B Hirsch, Ruth Farkas-Hirsch, Jay S Skyler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Intensive insulin therapy is best defined as a comprehensive system of diabetes management with the patient and management team as partners. The system is directed at improvement of glycemia and patient well-being. Glycemic targets should be individually defined. Frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose, probably at least four times per day, is essential for meticulous control. The benefits include improved psychosocial functioning and the potential of lessening the risks of chronic complications of diabetes. The risks relate to problems associated with hypoglycemia, which are increased if meticulous glycemic control is sought. One of the important elements of intensive therapy is a multiple-component insulin program designed to provide effective insulinemia coinciding with each major meal and continuous basal insulinemia throughout the 24-h day. This may be achieved with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple injections with various insulin regimens, although CSII may offer real advantages in terms of the pharmacokinetics of insulin delivery. Other pharmacokinetic issues to be considered involve selection of injection sites, timing of premeal insulin, and mixing insulins. Many studies have shown that, albeit with effort, excellent glycemic control can be achieved by various intensive insulin-therapy regimens. The implementation of a program of intensive therapy involves patient self-management in terms of altering insulin dosages, food intake, and/or activity in an attempt to achieve the target level of glycemia selected. In motivated patients willing to embark on such a course of therapy, intensive insulin therapy can be worthwhile. It should be considered for all patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
ICMJE: All Authors of Medical Journal Articles Have “Responsibility to Stand by the Integrity of the Entire Work”
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis
Authors: I. F. HUTCHINSON, B. J. ABEL, W. SUSSKIND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Calcification of the penis, whether in the skin, subcutaneous tissue or corpora is exceedingly rare and is usually secondary to trauma or Peyronie's disease. A case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis is presented.
Abstract 2396: High EGFR gene copy number predicts poor outcome in triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Heae Surng Park, Min Hye Jang, Eun Joo Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Hee Jin Lee, So Yeon Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently expressed in triple-negative breast cancer and is emerging as a new therapeutic target. However, the rate of EGFR gene copy number alteration and mutation has been reported to be quite variable and their prognostic significance is poorly defined in triple-negative breast cancer. METHOD: We examined EGFR protein expression, gene copy number alteration and mutation in 150 cases of tripe-negative breast cancer and correlated their findings with clinical outcome of the patients. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using whole tissue sections and EGFR copy number alteration was assessed by dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization using tissue microarrays. EGFR mutation analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction of exon 18 to 21 of EGFR gene and direct sequencing of PCR products. RESULT: EGFR protein was expressed in 117 of 150 cases (78.0%). High EGFR gene copy number was found in 33.3% of the cases (amplification in 2.0% and high polysomy in 31.3%). Five EGFR mutations were detected in 4 of 150 cases (2.7%) with G719A in exon 18 (n=1), V786M in exon 20 (n=1) and L858R in exon 21 (n=3). One case had two mutations (G719A and L858R). High EGFR copy number, but not EGFR mutation, was correlated with EGFR protein over-expression. In survival analyses, high EGFR copy number gain was found to be a poor prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (p=0.046), especially for metastasis-free survival (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: EGFR mutation is found to be a rare event in triple-negative breast cancer. However, high EGFR copy number is relatively frequent and is associated with poor clinical outcome in triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting that evaluation of EGFR gene copy number is beneficial for the prediction of outcome in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and selection of the patients for anti-EGFR targeted therapy. Citation Format: Heae Surng Park, Min Hye Jang, Eun Joo Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Hee Jin Lee, So Yeon Park. High EGFR gene copy number predicts poor outcome in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2396
Thoracic ultrasound in malignant pleural effusion: a real world perspective
Authors: A R L Medford, J J Entwisle
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Qureshi and colleagues achieved impressive results using thoracic ultrasound (TUS) to predict malignant pleural effusion in their recent study.1 TUS in their hands compared reasonably well with pleural CT.

However, we suggest that pleural CT still remains the gold standard and cannot be replaced by TUS except in situations where access to pleural CT is difficult. First, even in their expert hands, six out of the seven false-negative TUS examinations were resolved by pleural CT. The priority in the real …
Female Fecundity and Age
Authors: Alan H. DeCherney, Gertrud S. Berkowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Studies have shown that fertility (defined as number of live births) declines with age in women. However, it is not known to what extent other factors, such as male reproductive capacity and coital patterns affect this decrease. Male fecundity may also decline with age, and coital frequency is believed to decline with length of marriage. All these factors are closely related to the woman's age. The effects of male fecundity and coital frequency can be eliminated in evaluating female fecundity by studying patients who have received artificial insemination and restricting the group to those with azoospermic husbands. In 2193 patients drawn from 11 centers in France that offer artificial insemination with frozen donor semen, women over 30 exhibited a marked decline in fecundity. The cumulative success rate after 12 cycles of insemination was 73% for those under 25, 74.1% for the 26-30 age group, 61.5% for those 31-35 years old, and 53.6% for those over 35 years. The difference in fecundity with age was consistent across the centers, an important factor to note since the mean success rate per cycle differed considerably among the participating centers. The decreased fecundity in women over 30 may be attributed to gynecologic diseases, or effects of age on the incidence of tubal deciliation and occurrence of ovulatory disorders. New guidelines for counseling on reproduction may be needed for women over 30. Currently, counseling regarding reproduction and maternal age is limited to increased risks of Down's syndrome and other genetic abnormalities and risks of spontaneous abortion and perinatal deaths. The age of a woman should be considered when deciding when to start an infertility workup or stop treatment for infertility, and in selecting appropriate candidates for tubal surgery and in vitro fertilization. There is also a need to reevaluate individual and societal goals regarding childbearing to accommodate women's desires to have both a family and a career.
NOTES ON MILITARY DERMATOLOGY
Authors: R. M. B. MACKENNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article NOTES ON MILITARY DERMATOLOGY Get access R. M. B. MACKENNA R. M. B. MACKENNA Brigadier; Consulting Dermatologist to the Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 1, 1 January 1944, Pages 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10784.x Published: 01 January 1944
Natural micropolymorphism in human leukocyte antigens provides a basis for genetic control of antigen recognition
Authors: Julia K. Archbold, Whitney A. Macdonald, Stephanie Gras, Lauren K. Ely, John J. Miles, Melissa J. Bell, Rebekah M. Brennan, Travis Beddoe, Matthew C.J. Wilce, Craig S. Clements, Anthony W. Purcell, James McCluskey, Scott R. Burrows, Jamie Rossjohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphism plays a critical role in protective immunity, disease susceptibility, autoimmunity, and drug hypersensitivity, yet the basis of how HLA polymorphism influences T cell receptor (TCR) recognition is unclear. We examined how a natural micropolymorphism in HLA-B44, an important and large HLA allelic family, affected antigen recognition. T cell–mediated immunity to an Epstein-Barr virus determinant (EENLLDFVRF) is enhanced when HLA-B*4405 was the presenting allotype compared with HLA-B*4402 or HLA-B*4403, each of which differ by just one amino acid. The micropolymorphism in these HLA-B44 allotypes altered the mode of binding and dynamics of the bound viral epitope. The structure of the TCR–HLA-B*4405EENLLDFVRF complex revealed that peptide flexibility was a critical parameter in enabling preferential engagement with HLA-B*4405 in comparison to HLA-B*4402/03. Accordingly, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism can alter the dynamics of the peptide-MHC landscape, resulting in fine-tuning of T cell responses between closely related allotypes.