tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrotic Syndrome following Sodium Bismuth Tartrate Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. W. Beattie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

Parenteral therapy with sodium bismuth tartrate has now been undertaken in rheumatoid arthritis for some time.This salt, according to Martindale (Vol.2, 1943), is a white powder or yellowish scale pre- paration containing 35-42 per cent.bismuth.Its general safety can be deduced from the report of Goodman (1948) that almost X ton, representing more than lI million adult doses, had been adminis- tered in the Gold Coast between 1933 and 1942 with no recorded fatalities.The following case is con- sidered worthy of report as an example of fatal renal damage caused by the drug, which was administered in the usual therapeutic dosage.
Surgical Therapy for Coronary Disease: Randomized and Observational Studies-Reply
Authors: J. Scott Rankin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Mark's letter recalled Gehan's 1 quotation of Dr Emil Frei: People who insist that all studies must be randomized, on the one hand, and those who insist that all studies should be historical control on the other, share one thing in common—they are both equally wrong.  form of inductive reasoning can deliver a demonstratively certain conclusion. All inductive evidence has limitations, as well as subjectivity, and produces an inference supporting a conclusion at a given probability. Both randomized and observational studies are useful, or even complementary, and the key to either is understanding advantages and limitations for a given question, performing meticulous analysis, and properly interpreting results. To quote Gehan 1 : No clinical trial—whether randomized or not—is an entity unto itself. It should instead be considered as one stage in an evolving research programme.  Randomized trials minimize selection bias and differences between treatment groups. They are
Abstract 1043: Role of protein kinase Cι in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Ken Kikuchi, Anuradha Soundararajan, Lee Ann Zarzabal, Capella R. Weems, Laura D. Nelson, Sheila T. Hampton, Joel A. Michalek, Brian P. Rubin, Alan P. Fields, Charles Keller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer showing skeletal muscle differentiation. New therapeutic targets are required to improve the dismal cure rates for patients with metastatic ARMS. Protein Kinase C iota (PRKCI) has been shown to play an important role in many cancers but little to date is known of this kinase's role in rhabdomyosarcoma. Materials and Methods: Human samples were obtained from the Pediatric Cooperative Human Tissue Network (Columbus, OH). Mouse samples were obtained from a Myf6Cre, Pax3: Fkhr, p53 conditional mouse model of ARMS and a Pax7CreER, Ptch1, p53 conditional model of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Expression of PKCι in tumors was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. To elucidate the functional role of PKCι in ARMS, we performed invasion assays, anchorage-independent colony formation assays and in vitro growth inhibition assays using primary cell lines obtained from mouse ARMS tumors, treating either with the PKCι specific inhibitor Aurothiomalate (ATM) or by PKCι RNA interference. Results: Over-expression of PKCι at the mRNA and protein level was confirmed in human and mouse ARMS and ERMS. Immunoblotting confirmed that PKCι and its downstream targets, mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B were expressed and highly activated in primary cell cultures. Inhibition of PKCι by RNA interference resulted in a dramatic decrease in cell viability and colony formation. Treatment of primary cell culture using ATM resulted in decreased cell viability (IC50: 54.3 – 256.9 uM) and colony formation, and increased G2/M blockade. Co-treatment with ATM and vincristine, a microtubule inhibitor currently used in rhabdomyosarcoma treatment regimens, resulted in a Combination Index of 0.572 – 1.017, suggesting cooperativity between these agents. Conclusion: These results suggest that PKCι has an important function in proliferation of ARMS and that the PKCι specific inhibitor ATM shows activity in ARMS at clinically-feasible drug concentrations. Furthermore, these results suggest that combination therapy with vincristine and ATM should be investigated further in ARMS. Ken Kikuchi and Anuradha Soundararajan contributed this presentation equally. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1043
Interaction of atriopeptin III and vasopressin on calcium kinetics and contraction of aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: H Meyer-Lehnert, C Caramelo, P Tsai, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The cellular mechanism of the vasodilatory action of atriopeptin III (APIII) on vasopressin (AVP)-induced Ca2+ mobilization and cell shape change in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was studied. APIII (10(-8) M) attenuated the increase of intracellular free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, induced by 10(-8) M AVP (234.0 +/- 14.8 vs. 310.0 +/- 28.4 nM, P less than 0.01). Similar results were obtained in 45Ca2+ efflux experiments. APIII (10(-7) M), however, did not alter AVP-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production, although the levels of inositol-1-phosphate were significantly reduced. The effect of APIII to block or attenuate AVP-induced Ca2+ mobilization was associated with an inhibition of AVP-stimulated cell shape change. The effect of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on cell shape, however, occurred at lower ANF concentrations than the effect on the Ca2+ mobilization. APIII stimulated production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in VSMC. The effect of APIII on AVP-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization was partially mimicked by the stable nucleotide 8-bromo cGMP and was not affected by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (10(-4) M). These results suggest that APIII exerts its vasodilatory effect, in part, by interference with vasopressor-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization in vascular smooth muscle cells, perhaps by stimulating particulate guanylate cyclase and cGMP. However, an effect of ANF on the contractile mechanism at a site independent of Ca2+ release is also suggested by the present results.
Pharyngitis in Adults: The Presence and Coexistence of Viruses and Bacterial Organisms
Authors: Pentti Huovinen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the presence and coexistence of viruses and bacterial organisms causing pharyngitis in adults. Design: Open study using diagnostic methods, including rapid antigen-detection techniques, to test for the presence of viruses of the respiratory tract, as well as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, the Chlamydia species strain TWAR, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. Setting: Open health care. Patients: One hundred six consecutive adult patients, 15 to 65 years old, whose chief complaint was sore throat. Main results: Of the 106 patients, beta-hemolytic streptococci were found in only 24 patients (5 patients with group A streptococci, 13 with group C, 5 with group G, and 1 with group F); M. pneumoniae was found in 10 patients, the Chlamydia species strain TWAR in 9 patients, and viruses in 27 patients. Two microbes were simultaneously isolated in 3 patients, and no microbial findings were detected in 33 patients. Conclusion: Because 19 patients were infected with the Chlamydia species strain TWAR and M. pneumoniae, and 24 patients were infected with beta-hemolytic streptococci, the diagnostic procedures and therapies for adult patients with pharyngitis need to be reconsidered. The results of our study also confirm earlier suggestions that the Chlamydia species strain TWAR alone is a causative agent for pharyngitis in adults.
Treatment Choices for Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: William E. Connor
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In clinical practice, the question of what treatment to employ for the patient with slightly increased plasma cholesterol concentration and mild hypertriglyceridemia frequently arises. Such patients are certainly coronary-prone.<sup>1,2</sup>Not only do they have cholesterol and triglyceride abnormalities, but they also have decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein and increased apoprotein B levels.<sup>3</sup>These factors all enhance coronary risk. A variety of treatments are now available for such patients either before or after coronary heart disease has developed. All authorities are agreed that the first line of treatment is dietary.<sup>4,5</sup>These patients are invariably over-weight and are consuming the typical high-fat American diet. Their fat storage is usually abdominal or visceral, especially in the men. This "apple" body configuration predisposes to coronary disease since mobilization of fatty acids from visceral fat moves directly into the liver via the portal vein, where this influx stimulates the overproduction of triglyceride, very
Choosing Asthma Step-up Care
Authors: Erika von Mutius, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Asthma is both easy and hard to treat. It is easy to treat because the vast majority of patients with asthma require little medication for a lot of benefit. In a patient with asthma previously untreated with a controller (i.e., a medication whose primary mechanism of action is not acute bronchodilation), initiating therapy with a controller often results in an improvement in asthma symptoms and lung function and a reduced number of asthma exacerbations. In the language of current asthma thinking, this approach addresses both the impairment and risk domains of asthma treatment. Asthma becomes hard to treat when asthma . . .
Early markers of allergic disease in a primary prevention study using probiotics: 2.5‐year follow‐up phase
Authors: S. L. Prescott, J. Wiltschut, A. Taylor, L. Westcott, W. Jung, H. Currie, J. A. Dunstan
Journal: Allergy (2008)

We previously reported that a Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic strain (LAFTI) L10/LAVRI-A1) given for the first 6 months of life increased the risk of allergen sensitization at 1 year of age.To assess the effects on subsequent allergic outcomes, 153 children from the initial prevention cohort (n = 178) were reviewed at 2.5 years of age. Clinical outcomes were assessed in relation to (i) probiotic supplementation; and (ii) immune function previously assessed at 6 months of age.Supplementation with this probiotic did not reduce the risk of dermatitis at 2.5 years (31/74, 42%) compared with that in placebo group (25/76, 34%). There was no significant reduction in any other allergic disease or allergen sensitization. Inhalant sensitization at 2.5 years (n = 29) was associated with higher proportions of circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cell populations (P = 0.005) and higher allergen-induced FOXP3 levels (P = 0.003) at 6 months. This was also seen in children with dermatitis. Children with dermatitis at 2.5 years also had significantly lower toll-like receptor 4 lipopolysaccharide responses at 6 months of age (IL-12 P = 0.04, IL-6 P = 0.039) and lower polyclonal (PHA) responses (IFN-gamma P = 0.005, IL-10 P = 0.001, and IL-6 P = 0.001). Children who had previously received the probiotic had fewer gastrointestinal infections in the preceding 18 months (P = 0.023).The LAFTI L10 probiotic strain did not have any significant effect on allergy outcomes. Allergic children showed a number of early differences in immune function including altered regulatory T-cell markers and innate immune function.
Cancer: improving early detection and prevention. A community practice randomised trial.
Authors: A. J. Dietrich, G. T. O'Connor, A. Keller, P. A. Carney, D. Levy, F. S. Whaley
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To test the impact of physician education and facilitator assisted office system interventions on cancer early detection and preventive services. DESIGN--A randomised trial of two interventions alone and in combination. SETTING AND SUBJECTS--Physicians in 98 ambulatory care practices in the United States. INTERVENTIONS--The education intervention consisted of a day long physician meeting directed at improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills relevant to cancer prevention and early detection. The office system intervention consisted of assistance from a project facilitator in establishing routines for providing needed services. These routines included division of responsibilities for providing services among physicians and their staff and the use of medical record flow sheets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The proportions of patients provided the cancer prevention and early detection services indicated annually according to the US National Cancer Institute. RESULTS--Based on cross sectional patient surveys, the office system intervention was associated with an increase in mammography, the recommendation to do breast self examination, clinical breast examination, faecal occult blood testing, advice to quit smoking, and the recommendation to decrease dietary fat. Education was associated only with an increase in mammography. Record review for a patient cohort confirmed cross sectional survey findings regarding the office system for mammography and faecal occult blood testing. CONCLUSION--Community practices assisted by a facilitator in the development and implementation of an office system can substantially improve provision of cancer early detection and preventive services.
Two-Year Follow-Up After Catheter-Based Radiotherapy to Inhibit Coronary Restenosis
Authors: Paul S. Teirstein, Vincent Massullo, Shirish Jani, Robert J. Russo, David A. Cloutier, Richard A. Schatz, Erminia M. Guarneri, Stephen Steuterman, Kathleen Sirkin, Shela Norman, Prabhakar Tripuraneni
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although early trials indicate the treatment of restenosis with radiation therapy is safe and effective, the long-term impact of this new technology has been questioned. The possibility of late untoward consequences, such as aneurysm formation, perforation, and accelerated vascular disease, is of significant concern. Furthermore, it is not known whether the beneficial effects of radiation therapy will be durable or whether radiation will only delay restenosis. Methods and Results —A double-blind, randomized trial was undertaken to compare 192 Ir with placebo sources in patients with previous restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a 0.76-mm (0.03-in) ribbon containing sealed sources of either 192 Ir or placebo. All patients underwent repeat coronary angiography at 6 months. All living patients were contacted 24 months after their index study procedure. Patients were assessed with respect to the need for target-lesion revascularization or nontarget-lesion revascularization, occurrence of myocardial infarction, or death. Over a 9-month period, 55 patients were enrolled; 26 were randomized to 192 Ir and 29 to placebo. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of living patients at a minimum of 24 months. Target-lesion revascularization was significantly lower in the 192 Ir group (15.4% versus 44.8%; P &lt;0.01). Nontarget-lesion revascularization was similar in 192 Ir and placebo patients (19.2% versus 20.7%; P =NS). There were 2 deaths in each group. The composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or target-lesion revascularization was significantly lower in 192 Ir-treated versus placebo-treated patients (23.1% versus 51.7%; P =0.03). No patient in the 192 Ir group sustained a target-lesion revascularization later than 10 months. Conclusions —At 2-year clinical follow-up, treatment with 192 Ir demonstrates significant clinical benefit. Although further follow-up (including late angiography) will be necessary, no clinical events have occurred to date in the 192 Ir group to suggest major untoward effects of vascular radiotherapy. At the intermediate follow-up time point, vascular radiotherapy continues to be a promising new treatment for restenosis.
Studies of GB hepatitis agent in tamarins
Authors: Peter Karayiannis, Lidija M. Petrovic, Mark Fry, Duncan Moore, Mike Enticott, Michael J. McGarvey, Peter J. Scheuer, Howard C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Three tamarins ( Saguinus labiatus ), two of which had previously been infected with hepatitis A virus and parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis, were inoculated intravenously with the agent of GB hepatitis. All three animals developed alanine aminotransferase abnormalities 2, weeks after inoculation. Peak alanine aminotransferase levels were recorded 4 weeks postinoculation. These declined thereafter but continued to fluctuate at abnormal levels for 32 weeks. Liver biopsies showed liver cell swelling and inflammation with focal necrosis. Portal tracts and areas around central veins were heavily infiltrated with mononuclear cells. A fourth animal (no previous exposure to hepatitis viruses) inoculated with GB was killed on Day 15 postinoculation. Serum and extracts of liver and feces from this day were used as inocula for three other animals. Only the serum and liver extract transmitted GB hepatitis. The fecal specimen did not transmit and a fecal extract taken at a later date from another animal was also noninfectious. GB hepatitis virus is distinct from the viruses causing Type A and blood-borne non-A, non-B-hepatitis. Although the virus is present in serum and has previously been transmitted per os, it is not shed in feces.
A Text-Book of the Science and Art of Obstetrics.
Authors: Henry Jacques Garrigues
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenic potencies from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere.
Authors: Chun-The Li, Yuan-Chung Lin, Wen-Jhy Lee, Perng-Jy Tsai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Traffic has long been recognized as the major contributor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. However, this does not consider the contribution of cooking sources of PAHs. This study set out, first, to assess the characteristics of PAHs and their corresponding benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (B[a]Peq) emissions from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere. To illustrate the importance of cooking sources, PAH emissions from traffic sources were then calculated and compared. The entire study was conducted on a city located in southern Taiwan. PAH samples were collected from the exhaust stacks of four types of restaurant: Chinese, Western, fast food, and Japanese. For total PAHs, results show that the fractions of gaseous PAHs (range, 75.9-89.9%) were consistently higher than the fractions of particulate PAHs (range, 10.1-24.1%) in emissions from the four types of restaurant. But for total B[a]Peq, we found that the contributions of gaseous PAHs (range, 15.7-21.9%) were consistently lower than the contributions of particulate PAHs (range, 78.1-84.3%). For emission rates of both total PAHs and total B[a]Peq, a consistent trend was found for the four types of restaurant: Chinese (2,038 and 154 kg/year, respectively) > Western (258 and 20.4 kg/year, respectively) > fast food (31.4 and 0.104 kg/year, respectively) > Japanese (5.11 and 0.014 kg/year, respectively). By directly adapting the emission data obtained from Chinese restaurants, we found that emission rates on total PAHs and total B[a]Peq for home kitchen sources were 6,639 and 501 kg/year, respectively. By combining both restaurant sources and home kitchen sources, this study yielded emission rates of total PAHs and total B[a]Peq from cooking sources of the studied city of 8,973 and 675 kg/year, respectively. Compared with PAH emissions from traffic sources in the same city, we found that although the emission rates of total PAHs for cooking sources were significantly less than those for traffic sources (13,500 kg/year), the emission rates of total B[a]Peq for cooking sources were much higher than those for traffic sources (61.4 kg/year). The above results clearly indicate that although cooking sources are less important than traffic sources in contributing to total PAH emissions, PAH emissions from cooking sources might cause much more serious problems than traffic sources, from the perspective of carcinogenic potency.
Autocrine formation of hepcidin induces iron retention in human monocytes
Authors: Igor Theurl, Milan Theurl, Markus Seifert, Sabine Mair, Manfred Nairz, Holger Rumpold, Heinz Zoller, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Harald Niederegger, Heribert Talasz, Günter Weiss
Journal: Blood (2007)
PAINFUL HEELS AMONG CHILDREN (APOPHYSITIS)
Authors: HENRY W. MEYERDING
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Since the discovery of roentgen rays less than forty years ago, the study of the pathologic physiology of bone has been markedly facilitated and, as was to be expected, a number of hitherto unknown pathologic conditions of bone have been revealed. Beginning with Osgood's report in 1903, an important group of syndromes, accompanied by certain definite symptoms and by similar epiphyseal changes observed roentgenographically, have been described and elevated to the dignity of specific diseases. Among these diseases are: avulsion of the tibial tubercle (Osgood, 1903; Schlatter, 1908), tarsal scophoiditis (Kohler, 1908), osteochondritis deformans of the hip (Legg, 1910; Perthes, 1910), infraction of metatarsal heads (Freiburg, 1914), kyphosis dorsalis juvenilis (Buchmann, 1925) and traumatic malacia of the carpal semilunar bone (Kienbock, 1910). Furthermore, it has gradually become apparent that there are marked similarities in the general pattern of these diseases, for they all seem to follow trauma of one kind
The WMA speaks out on Iran but not on Israel. Why not?
Authors: D. A Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The BMJ reports that the World Medical Association (WMA) has spoken out about possible collusion by doctors with torture or other abuses of prisoners in Iran.1 I commend this action, which is what the WMA is for. But there could hardly be a greater contrast with the WMA approach to Israel. In May, 725 doctors from 43 countries wrote collectively to the WMA …
Facteurs prédicitifs de rentabilité de la Capsule Endoscopique
Authors: M Simon, F Gillaizeau, J Edery, T Maniere, C Cellier, G Chatellier, R Jian
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: L'exploration de l'intestin grêle par capsule endoscopique (CE) a connu un développement considérable du fait de sa rentabilité diagnostique élevée, son excellente tolérance et son accessibilité. Les indications de cette exploration mériteraient toutefois d'être affinées en fonction des pratiques et des facteurs prédictifs de rentabilité peu évalués jusqu'à présent.