tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Epinephrine on the Myocardium of the Embryonic Chick
Authors: ALEXANDER BARRY
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The myocardium of the embryonic chick heart, before it has been innervated, responds to concentrations of epinephrine as dilute as 1 part in 20,000,000 by an abrupt acceleration in its inherent rate of pulsation. The more slowly the heart beats initially, the more marked is the accelerating effect of epinephrine. Usually the initial acceleration is followed by a period during which the heart slows to a rate intermediate between the initial and the maximal. This deceleration is not due to a decrease in the stimulating effect of the drug applied.
Molecular evolution of olfactomedin
Authors: C. A. Karavanich, R. R. Anholt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Olfactomedin is a secreted polymeric glycoprotein of unknown function, originally discovered at the mucociliary surface of the amphibian olfactory neuroepithelium and subsequently found throughout the mammalian brain. As a first step toward elucidating the function of olfactomedin, its phylogenetic history was examined to identify conserved structural motifs. Such conserved motifs may have functional significance and provide targets for future mutagenesis studies aimed at establishing the function of this protein. Previous studies revealed 33% amino acid sequence identity between rat and frog olfactomedins in their carboxyl terminal segments. Further analysis, however, reveals more extensive homologies throughout the molecule. Despite significant sequence divergence, cysteines essential for homopolymer formation such as the CXC motif near the amino terminus are conserved, as is the characteristic glycosylation pattern, suggesting that these posttranslational modifications are essential for function. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis of a region of 53 amino acids of fish, frog, rat, mouse, and human olfactomedins indicates that an ancestral olfactomedin gene arose before the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates and evolved independently in teleost, amphibian, and mammalian lineages. Indeed, a distant olfactomedin homolog was identified in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although the amino acid sequence of this invertebrate protein is longer and highly divergent compared with its vertebrate homologs, the protein from C. elegans shows remarkable similarities in terms of conserved motifs and posttranslational modification sites. Six universally conserved motifs were identified, and five of these are clustered in the carboxyl terminal half of the protein. Sequence comparisons indicate that evolution of the N-terminal half of the molecule involved extensive insertions and deletions; the C-terminal segment evolved mostly through point mutations, at least during vertebrate evolution. The widespread occurrence of olfactomedin among vertebrates and invertebrates underscores the notion that this protein has a function of universal importance. Furthermore, extensive modification of its N-terminal half and the acquisition of a C-terminal SDEL endoplasmic-reticulum-targeting sequence may have enabled olfactomedin to adopt new functions in the mammalian central nervous system.
Modulation of neutrophil function by lysozyme. Potential negative feedback system of inflammation.
Authors: L I Gordon, S D Douglas, N E Kay, O Yamada, E F Osserman, H S Jacob
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Host responses to infectious organisms should be modulated so that tissue-damaging products of inflammatory cells do not produce excessive destruction of normal tissue. Lysozyme, which is continuously secreted by monocytes, which, in turn, migrate relatively late to inflammatory areas, was found to significantly dampen several responses of neutrophils to inflammatory stimulants. Thus, human lysozyme obtained and purified from the urine of patients with monocytic leukemia (but not its structurally similar and comparably cationic analogue, eggwhite lysozyme) depresses chemotaxis of normal neutrophils to activated complement, bacterial supernate, and N-formylmethionyl-phenylalanine. In addition, human (but not eggwhite) lysozyme depresses oxidative metabolism (hexose monophosphate shunt activity) and superoxide generation of neutrophils. The specificity of the suppressive effects was indicated by inhibition studies with rabbit antihuman lysozyme antibody, and with the trisaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, a specific inhibitor of lysozyme. The results suggest that lysozyme, a product of inflammatory cells themselves, may function in a negative feedback system to modulate the inflammatory response.
Acute Hemodynamic Improvement by Thermal Vasodilation in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Chuwa Tei, Yutaka Horikiri, Jong-Chun Park, Jin-Won Jeong, Kyoung-Sig Chang, Yoshihumi Toyama, Nobuyuki Tanaka
Journal: Circulation (1995)

A warm-water bath (WWB) or sauna bath (SB) has generally been considered inappropriate for patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). However, a comprehensive investigation of the hemodynamic effects of thermal vasodilation in CHF has not been previously undertaken.To investigate the acute hemodynamic effects of thermal vasodilation in CHF, we studied 34 patients with chronic CHF (mean age, 58 +/- 14 years). Clinical stages were New York Heart Association functional class II in 2, III in 19, and IV in 13 patients. Mean ejection fraction was 25 +/- 9%. After a Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via the right jugular vein, the patient had a WWB for 10 minutes at 41 degrees C or an SB for 15 minutes at 60 degrees C. Blood pressure, ECG, echo-Doppler, expiration gas, and intracardiac pressures were recorded before, during, and 30 minutes after each bath. Oxygen consumption increased mildly, pulmonary arterial blood temperature increased by 1.2 degrees C, and heart rate increased by 20 to 25 beats per minute on average at the end of WWB or SB. Systolic blood pressure showed no significant change. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly during SB (P < .01). Cardiac and stroke indexes increased and systemic vascular resistances decreased significantly during and after WWB and SB (P < .01). Mean pulmonary artery, mean pulmonary capillary wedge, and mean right atrial pressures increased significantly during WWB (P < .05) but decreased significantly during SB (P < .05). These pressures decreased significantly from the control level after each bath (P < .01). Mitral regurgitation associated with CHF decreased during and 30 minutes after each bath. Cardiac dimensions decreased and left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly after WWB and SB. In an additional study, plasma norepinephrine increased significantly during SB in healthy control subjects and in patients with CHF and returned to control levels by 30 minutes after SB.Hemodynamics improve after WWB or SB in patients with chronic CHF. This is attributable to the reduction in cardiac preload and afterload. Thus, thermal vasodilation can be applied with little risk if appropriately performed and may provide a new nonpharmacological therapy for CHF.
Renal Pelvic Tumors
Authors: Harry Grabstald
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Seventy patients with renal pelvic tumors were grouped during a clinicopathologic study according to a new proposed classification that is based on tumor stage and grade. Prognosis is excellent for patients with histologically benign papilloma (group I) or noninvasive or focally invasive papillary carcinoma (group II). It appears good also for patients with fully invasive carcinoma that is still confined to the kidney itself (group III). Invasion outside the kidney or renal pelvis (group IV) is an ominous sign. In about one half of the patients there were associated tumors of bladder or ureter, and prognosis may be determined by these other tumors. Bladder tumors that developed after pelvic tumors almost all appeared within three years. Nephrectomy and total ureterectomy remain the treatment of choice under most circumstances. Local resection or partial excision is recommended for bilateral pelvic tumors.
Abnormal Spectrophotometric Absorption Spectrums of Myoglobin in Two Forms of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: C. Merrill Whorton, Paul C. Hudgins, James J. Conners
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

AFTER the discovery by Pauling et al.1 of an abnormal molecular form of hemoglobin in patients with sickle-cell anemia and the subsequent demonstration of many similarly abnormal hemoglobins, speculation arose concerning the possibility of comparable alterations of the molecular structure of myoglobin in certain primary diseases of muscle.2 , 3 In a search for such abnormalities, Perkoff and his associates3 , 4 studied myoglobin isolated from a patient with the myotonic form of muscular dystrophy and reported its spectrophotometric absorption spectrum and electrophoretic mobility to be normal. They were not able to demonstrate abnormalities in crude extracts of myoglobin prepared from cardiac muscle from . . .
Urgent need to establish the true incidence of the side effects of statins
Authors: A. Majeed, M. Molokhia
Journal: BMJ (2014)

One key area of the debate about widening the use of statins is the discordance between rates of side effects of statins in clinical trials and in clinical practice.1 In clinical trials, the incidence of side effects from statins is low and similar in the intervention and placebo groups.2 …
Withdrawal of Clopidogrel in Active Gastric Bleeding
Authors: Joseph J.Y. Sung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters18 May 2010Withdrawal of Clopidogrel in Active Gastric BleedingJoseph J.Y. Sung, MD, PhDJoseph J.Y. Sung, MD, PhDFrom Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-10-201005180-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In our study, 1 patient in the placebo group, who had triple-vessel disease and percutaneous coronary intervention, took dual antiplatelet agents: aspirin and clopidogrel. This patient stopped receiving aspirin and clopidogrel for the study period and did well. None of our participants who died received concomitant clopidogrel and aspirin before randomization. All patients were taking aspirin, either 80 mg/d or 160 mg/d. Therefore, the increased mortality in the placebo group cannot be explained by the withdrawal of clopidogrel.Joseph J.Y. Sung, MD, PhDPrince of Wales HospitalNew Territories, Hong Kong Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoContinuation of Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy in Peptic Ulcer Bleeding Joseph J.Y. Sung , James Y.W. Lau , Jessica Y.L. Ching , Justin C.Y. Wu , Yuk T. Lee , Philip W.Y. Chiu , Vincent K.S. Leung , Vincent W.S. Wong , and Francis K.L. Chan Withdrawal of Clopidogrel in Active Gastric Bleeding Jean-Jacques Mourad Metrics Cited byCurrent awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 18 May 2010Volume 152, Issue 10Page: 685KeywordsAspirinConflicts of interestHemorrhageMortalityPercutaneous coronary intervention ePublished: 18 May 2010 Issue Published: 18 May 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ISOLATION AND SELECTED PROPERTIES OF BLOOD MONOCYTES
Authors: William E. Bennett, Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

A technique is described for the quantitative recovery of monocytes from horse blood by means of flotation on dense albumin solutions. Monocytes are concentrated in a surface pellicle along with a few lymphocytes which are then removed when the monocytes adhere to a glass surface. The in vitro cultivation of homogeneous populations of monocytes results in an increase in (a) cell size, (b) number of mitochondria, and (c) phase-dense granules of the centrosphere. The phase-dense granules are osmiophilic and acid phosphatase positive. Quantitative biochemical analysis during cultivation have revealed increased levels of cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and BPN hydrolase. In addition, glucose utilization and lactic acid production are stimulated under the same conditions. The uptake of both bacteria and colloidal gold is stimulated during in vitro cultivation. The phagocytic activity of cultured monocytes may be enhanced by a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These data are consistant with the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages, a cell with greater metabolic and functional potentional.
How should we treat portopulmonary hypertension?
Authors: M. J. Krowka, K. L. Swanson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the setting of advanced liver disease (portopulmonary hypertension (POPH)) has certainly captured the attention of all liver transplant centres, but why? For patients with moderate-to-severe POPH (mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >35 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >400 dyne·s·cm-5), the risk of intra-operative death and post-transplant hospitalisation mortality in otherwise acceptable liver transplant candidates is high 1. The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease Practice Guidelines have espoused Doppler echocardiography screening for all liver transplant candidates 2. However, once POPH is confirmed by right-heart catheterisation, what therapeutic approach should be considered? More generally, what should the approach be to treating POPH, irrespective of liver transplant candidacy?

POPH is not simply a liver transplant issue, but that area of clinical medicine has raised awareness of this entity over the past few years. Recent evidence from France underscores the importance of POPH: it was the third-most common type of pulmonary hypertension seen in a consortium of 17 French hospitals 3. The French evidence mirrors that of the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) over the past 10 yrs. POPH is the third-most common disorder documented in the Mayo Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic since 1996.

In the current issue of the European Respiratory …
Streptomycin Dermatitis in Nurses
Authors: H. T. H. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MDCAstration.In the dental cases the surgeon was able to com- plete the operation before the patient recovered conscious- ness.After recovery of consciousness and of reflexes, some drowsiness and giddiness often persisted for up to 10 minutes, and most patients required assistance in walking away from the dental chair.Nearly 10% of the cases vomited in the immediate post-anaesthetic period.None vomited during anaesthesia.The vomiting was very slight, being in most cases one single retch.The frequency was higher than is our experience with nitrous oxide and oxygen. ConduionThe Hingson inhaler is practical and efficient for short general anaesthesia for minor procedures.The method eliminates hypoxia due to deficiency of oxygen in the in- haled mixture.The method is effective and satisfactory for operations which can be completed within, say, five minutes.It seems to be of special value in two types of patients: firstly, for anyone in whom an episode of hypoxia is particularly dangerous, and, secondly, for robust and "6resistant" patients in whom difficulty with nitrous oxide can be anticipated.The chief disadvantages of the method seem to be the slightly higher incidence of vomiting than with nitrous oxide and oxygen even when the latter is supplemented with trichloroethylene and the slightly longer time required for the patient to recover enough to be allowed to walk unaided.Two points remain for emphatic reconfirmation : (1) That the mixture in the bag is in no circumstance flammable or explosive.For this we have the authority of Dr. Hingson and his colleagues working in consultation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines. (2)That cyclopropane administered in this fashion will carry no higher morbidity or mortality than nitrous oxide.Hingson (1958, personal communication) has already anaesthetized over 5,000 patients, while Bourne's (1958, personal communication) experience runs to 3,000.It must be emphasized that the certainty of non- explosibility of the mixture lies in the use of the special cylinders supplied.We strongly discourage any attempt to make a non-flammable mixture of cyclopropane for routine clinical use by drawing it from a cylinder of pure gas. SummaryNitrous oxide may be a dangerous anaesthetic if attempts to deepen anaesthesia are accompanied by hypoxia.Cyclopropane is free from this danger because its potency allows higher proportions of oxygen to be used.The Hingson apparatus (the Western Reserve portable anaesthesia machine), which permits cyclo- propane from special midget cylinders to be admini- stered in non-explosive mixture with helium and oxygen, is described.The clinical results of this method in 100 cases were so good as to engender the hope that an apparatus of this sort will be more widely available for trial in this country.We thank Dr.
An Atlas of Children's Surgery
Authors: John G. Raffensperger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Gross has again summarized his recommendations for the surgical treatment of congenital malformations and children's tumors. His previous book,<i>The Surgery of Infancy and Childhood</i>, has withstood the test of time and still provides us with a good standard for our surgical results. Although many advances in surgery have come through a better understanding of biochemistry and physiology, technical skill at the operating table remains the keystone of good results in pediatric surgery. This atlas emphasizes the orderly sequential steps which, if followed, bring peace to the operating room and an uneventful postoperative recovery for the patient. Dr. Gross describes the operations which are most frequently used to correct gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular lesions. He developed many of these procedures himself and most of them are generally accepted by pediatric surgeons. The most important exceptions are his operations for jejunoileo atresias and meconium ileus. Few would now perform a
Abstract P4-06-11: Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Potential Precursor Genes in Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: VP Andrade, M Morrogh, L-X Qin, N Olvera, D Giri, E Brogi, P de Alcantara-Filho, W Paik, S Muhsen, M Morrow, TA. King
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Historically lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has been considered a risk marker but not a true precursor of invasive breast cancer. Emerging evidence of clonal relatedness between LCIS and synchronous invasive lobular cancers (ILC) has reopened this debate. We hypothesized that gene expression profiling of LCIS and synchronous ILC could identify genes that confer precursor potential in LCIS. METHODS: Patients with LCIS +/− ILC undergoing mastectomy were prospectively identified. Mastectomies were sampled to collect fresh frozen normal epithelium (N), LCIS and ILC. Laser Capture Microdissection was used to isolate purify cell populations and total mRNA was subject to Affymetrix HU133 2.0 gene expression array. Transcript abundance was compared across samples in a paired analysis (P&amp;lt;0.001) using the R software. Potential precursor genes (PPG) were defined as those with monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing expression from N to LCIS to ILC. Cellular functions and pathways were identified using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS: Patient matched triplets (N, LCIS, ILC) were available from 23 mastectomies. 206 probe sets (178 genes) fit the PPG definition, 154 probe sets (130 genes) displayed monotonically decreasing expression and 52 probe sets (48 genes) displayed monotonically increasing expression. The table shows the top five cellular functions and canonical pathways related to the (PPG). The candidates PPGs are distributed across all chromosomes, with the highest frequencies on 1 q (9.6%), 16q (7.3%), 2q (5.06%), 5q (5.06%) and 4q (4.49%). All 13 potential precursor genes identified on 16q and the 9 PPG identified on 5q showed monotonically decreasing expression while 13/17 PPGs identified on 1q showed monotonically increasing expression. Among all upregulated PPG, 27.1% are located at 1q while 10% of all downregulated PPGs are located at 16q. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling identified 178 candidate genes with monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing expression across patient matched samples of N-LCIS-ILC. Top cellular functions and canonical pathways represented by the candidate genes are known to be associated with carcinogenesis, suggesting that dysregulation of these candidate genes may confer precursor potential in LCIS. The abundance of potential precursor genes on chromosomes 1 q and 16q is also consistent with the model of lobular carcinogenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-11.
DURATION OF IMMUNITY FOLLOWING VACCINATION AGAINST SMALLPOX
Authors: W. PALMER DEARING
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It is still the traditional belief that the protective effects of vaccination last about seven years. The basis of this dictum lies in the observation that immunity to smallpox wears off in some individuals, and the magic number seven has been taken as the time to revaccinate. In the earlier studies on revaccination, results were recorded as successful, "a take," or unsuccessful, "no take." In the latter case the inference was drawn that the person was immune. This does not necessarily follow. In the light of present knowledge, the reaction on revaccination is classed as immediate, accelerated or primary, depending on the period of incubation, the height of the reaction and the course of events. The immediate reaction indicates immunity, the accelerated reaction partial immunity, and the primary reaction that immunity has worn off. Jenner knew of the reaction now called immediate and described it as occurring when variolous matter
COMPARATIVE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE VOLUMES CHANGES OVER TIME USING 64-MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Rodrigo J. Cerci, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Breno A. Falcao, Joao L. Falcao, Henrique Staniak, Expedito E. Ribeiro, Eulogio E. Martinez, Joao Lima, Pedro A. Lemos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Attempt to Remove Thorium by Use of Chelating Agent
Authors: Roger J. Fontaine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

COLLOIDAL thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) was used extensively from 1928 until about 1950 to perform arteriograms, urograms, fistulagrams, and to outline focal lesions of the liver. The radiation dose from the amount usually injected is sufficient to warrant the expectation that neoplasms might develop in tissues chronically exposed to this agent which is almost totally retained in the body and remains radioactive for many years. The first example of a malignant tumor in man induced by thorium dioxide was reported in 1947.<sup>1</sup>By March of 1962, 55 well-documented examples of Thorotrast-induced malignancy in man had been reported.<sup>2-8</sup> Recently, chelating agents have been found useful in removing heavy metals from humans. Animal and human experiments<sup>9-11</sup>suggest that diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) may be effective in the removal of thorium, although there are indications that the ionic form of thorium would be more susceptible than the colloidal form. <h3>Materials and</h3>