tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yen-Shen Lu, Yoko Kashida, Samuel K. Kulp, Yu-Chieh Wang, Dasheng Wang, Jui-Hsiang Hung, Monica Tang, Zhong-Zhe Lin, Te-Jung Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng, Ching-Shih Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, yet effective therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. This study was aimed at assessing the antitumor effect of a novel phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, OSU-HDAC42, vis-à-vis suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), in in vitro and in vivo models of human HCC. OSU-HDAC42 was several times more potent than SAHA in suppressing the viability of PLC5, Huh7, and Hep3B cells with submicromolar median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. With respect to SAHA, OSU-HDAC42 exhibited greater apoptogenic potency, which was associated with reduced levels of the apoptotic regulators phosphorylated Akt B-cell lymphoma-xL, survivin, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. The in vivo efficacy of OSU-HDAC42 versus SAHA was assessed in orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models in athymic nude mice. Daily oral treatments with OSU-HDAC42 and SAHA, both at 25 mg/kg, suppressed the growth of orthotopic PLC5 tumor xenografts by 91% and 66%, respectively, and of established subcutaneous PLC5 tumor xenografts by 85% and 56%, respectively. This differential tumor suppression correlated with the modulation of intratumoral biomarkers associated with HDAC inhibition and apoptosis regulation. Moreover, the oral administration of OSU-HDAC42 at 50 mg/kg every other day markedly suppressed ectopic tumor growth in mice bearing large tumor burdens (500 mm3) at the start of treatment. Conclusion: OSU-HDAC42 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of HDAC with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity that includes targets regulating multiple aspects of cancer cell survival. These results suggest that OSU-HDAC42 has clinical value in therapeutic strategies for HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Cytotoxic-lnduced Ovarian Failure in Hodgkin's Disease-Reply
Authors: Ramona M. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Knowledge of disease, uncertainty about prognosis, and toxic therapy are all adequate causes for a reactive depression. Oncologists are well aware of these facts. However, once patients achieve remission in Hodgkin's disease, these stresses are greatly eased. In our study, we noted the symptoms stated in women who had documented estrogen deprivation. The women with normally functioning ovaries did not report any of these symptoms. Some of the symptoms are a direct physiological result of estrogen depletion, and some may be caused by a reactive depression to these bodily changes. However, the originating factor appears to be estrogen deprivation. Therefore, the primary treatment logically should be aimed at the cause of the illnessestrogen replacement and counseling of patient and spouse. If any depressive symptoms persist after these measures have been taken, then consideration of treatment with antidepressants may well be in order.
PRT-060318, a novel Syk inhibitor, prevents heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in a transgenic mouse model
Authors: Michael P. Reilly, Uma Sinha, Pierrette André, Scott M. Taylor, Yvonne Pak, Francis R. DeGuzman, Nisha Nanda, Anjali Pandey, Moritz Stolla, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Steven E. McKenzie
Journal: Blood (2010)
Brown Nail-bed Arcs and Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: W. K. Stewart, E. J. Raffle
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A brown arc affecting the distal part of the fingernail-bed, just proximal to the point of separation of the nail from its bed, has been found in 12 out of 34 patients with chronic renal disease (35%) compared with an incidence of less than 2% in a series of unselected patients. It represents a distinctive form of pigmentation, possibly due to lipochromes. No decisive association could be found between the presence or absence of the pigmented nail arc and the level of impaired renal function. Nevertheless it seems that renal disease predisposes towards the development of brown nail arcs.
The String Test for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding—A New, Plastic Look
Authors: CHARLES F. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorial Notes1 November 1967The String Test for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding—A New, Plastic LookCHARLES F. JOHNSON, M.D.CHARLES F. JOHNSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-5-1115 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains controversial. In part, this reflects the need for accurate diagnosis with localization of the bleeding site. Even though peptic ulcerative disease is the preponderant cause of such bleeding, a vigorous early diagnostic and therapeutic approach has been recommended for acute hemorrhage (1). The safety and efficacy of this approach has been stressed (2). Since the results of early surgical intervention and a combined quasimedical conservative surgical approach are almost equivalent (3, 4), an accurate diagnosis with therapy related to the immediate situation and based on the natural history of the underlying...References1. PALMER ED: Diagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill., 1961. Google Scholar2. MAILERGOLDBERGHARDENGREY-THOMASBURNETT CARMIW: Diagnosis of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Brit. Med. J. 2: 784, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ENQUISTKARLSONDENNISFERSTSHAFTON IFKECSMGW: Statistically valid ten-year evaluation of three methods of management of massive gastroduodenal hemorrhage. Ann. Surg. 162: 550, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. READHUEBLTHAL RCHCAP: Randomized study of massive bleeding from peptic ulceration. Ibid., p. 561. Google Scholar5. JONESREADSTUBBE FAAEJL: Alimentary bleeding of obscure origin. A follow-up study and commentary. Brit. Med. J. 1: 1138, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. VALTONEN EJ: A new modification of the fluorescein string test for rapid localization of upper gastrointestinal bleedings. Gastroenterologia (Basel) 107: 216, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. GLASERCHARLES GLR: The fluorescein string test in upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Amer. J. Dig. Dis. 8: 292, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. PITTMAN FE: The fluorescein string test. An analysis of its use and relationship to barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 122 cases of gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Ann. Intern. Med. 60: 418, 1964. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES F. JOHNSON, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastrointestinal Bleeding: What Progress? 1 November 1967Volume 67, Issue 5Page: 1115-1116KeywordsHemorrhageSafety ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clustering of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Murray Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Our foundation has been engaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research for more than 20 years, affording us an unusual opportunity to observe more than 1,000 patients experiencing all stages of ALS. The etiology of ALS is unknown; therefore, epidemiologic observations are difficult to accumulate. We saw a patient with definite ALS involvement who worked as a mail clerk in a small town (population, 1,200) post office. Three Caucasian men constituted the total mail service. All three of these mail clerks contracted ALS and died within ten years. None of these patients were related to each other, and each case appeared to be fulminating in character. These observations may be of interest or generally useful to the medical profession.
CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration
Authors: Sally Hopewell, Mike Clarke, David Moher, Elizabeth Wager, Philippa Middleton, Douglas G Altman, Kenneth F Schulz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Clear, transparent, and sufficiently detailed abstracts of conferences and journal articles related to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are important, because readers often base their assessment of a trial solely on information in the abstract. Here, we extend the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement to develop a minimum list of essential items, which authors should consider when reporting the results of a RCT in any journal or conference abstract.We generated a list of items from existing quality assessment tools and empirical evidence. A three-round, modified-Delphi process was used to select items. In all, 109 participants were invited to participate in an electronic survey; the response rate was 61%. Survey results were presented at a meeting of the CONSORT Group in Montebello, Canada, January 2007, involving 26 participants, including clinical trialists, statisticians, epidemiologists, and biomedical editors. Checklist items were discussed for eligibility into the final checklist. The checklist was then revised to ensure that it reflected discussions held during and subsequent to the meeting. CONSORT for Abstracts recommends that abstracts relating to RCTs have a structured format. Items should include details of trial objectives; trial design (e.g., method of allocation, blinding/masking); trial participants (i.e., description, numbers randomized, and number analyzed); interventions intended for each randomized group and their impact on primary efficacy outcomes and harms; trial conclusions; trial registration name and number; and source of funding. We recommend the checklist be used in conjunction with this explanatory document, which includes examples of good reporting, rationale, and evidence, when available, for the inclusion of each item.CONSORT for Abstracts aims to improve reporting of abstracts of RCTs published in journal articles and conference proceedings. It will help authors of abstracts of these trials provide the detail and clarity needed by readers wishing to assess a trial's validity and the applicability of its results.
Aspirin Resistance in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Michele Sacco, Fabio Pellegrini, Maria C. Roncaglioni, Fausto Avanzini, Gianni Tognoni, Antonio Nicolucci
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The limitations of the Primary Prevention Program (PPP) diabetes substudy have been previously discussed in the original article (1) and in the accompanying editorial (2). Nevertheless, the comments of Dr. de Gaetano (3) require some important additional considerations.

1 ) The results of the substudy are not the outcome of a post hoc analysis, since an oversampling of diabetic patients was planned before the study started to specifically explore the role of aspirin in these patients.

2 ) Dr. de Gaetano suggests that the lower-than-expected effect of aspirin could have also emerged if other subgroups, namely patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, would have been examined. This is not the case—aspirin was effective in reducing the risk for total cardiovascular events in both subgroups …
Prolactin studies in "functionless" pituitary tumours.
Authors: D F Child, S Nader, K Mashiter, M Kjeld, L Banks, T R Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Hyperprolactinaemia was found in all 17 women and in one out of six men who presented with hypogonadism and a radiologically enlarged sella turcica but no other clinical endocrine dysfunction. Some of the women also had galactorrhoea. The greater the level of hyperprolactinaemia in these 18 patients the larger their sellae turcica except in two patients with unusual features. The sella turcica was usually asymmetrically enlarged and there was rearly an upward extension of tumour, though the sella floor often showed some erosion on tomography. An oral dose of bromocriptine suppressed the hyperprolactinaemia in mose patients at the same rate as in normal post-partum women. Nine of the 18 patients with hyperprolactinaemia had low basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. The LH responsiveness to 100 mug of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) was tested in 12, and eight showed subnormal values. Of eight biopsy specimens obtained four showed acidophil granules on light microscopy, and in five granules of various sizes were seen on electron microscopy.
Musculoskeletal disorders in patients with hyperlipidaemia.
Authors: G R Struthers, D L Scott, P A Bacon, K W Walton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

We have assessed the nature and significance of musculoskeletal disorders in 166 patients with the commonly encountered forms of hyperlipidaemia attending a lipid clinic. The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was determined by questionnaire to the patients, inquiries to general practitioners, and a review of hospital records. To ensure the sensitivity of these methods a series of negatively responding cases were seen and examined; none had identifiable musculoskeletal disease. Eight males with type IV hyperlipidaemia had recurrent acute attacks of gout. The only other musculoskeletal disorder possibly attributable to an association with hyperlipidaemia was a transient polyarthritis in 3 patients. This was inflammatory, recurrent, but nondeforming, and involved the small joints of the hand. It did not require any specific therapy or lead to disability. We suggest that, while we have confirmed the association of type IV hyperlipidaemia and gout, there is little evidence for clinically significant arthritis being associated with other commonly presenting forms of hyperlipidaemia, although we accept that the rarely met homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia may also be complicated by a crystal arthropathy due to the presence of crystalline cholesterol in joints.
An Unusual Case of Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Carl W. LaFratta, Jack B. Porterfield
Journal: JAMA (1962)

PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR WEAKNESS unrelated to disuse has baffled medical science ever since Aran called attention to this condition in 1850, under the title "Atrophie Musculaire Progressive." Meryon and Duchenne subsequently described similar cases but all these authors confused muscular dystrophy with a neurological disease in which progressive muscular weakness is secondary to degeneration of motor nerve cells which innervate the muscle. However, in 1891, Erb clearly delineated a primary progressive degenerative disease of skeletal muscle which he termed "progressive muscular dystrophy." Though progressive muscular dystrophy and atrophy are quite different diseases, they are frequently confused, even today. The following case history is presented in an effort to demonstrate just how confusing such a case of muscular dystrophy, believed to be a variant of Erb's juvenile muscular dystrophy (to be later discussed in more detail), can be, even to experienced clinicians with diagnostic ability. Report of a Case A 37-year-old veteran
Genetic control of the phenobarbital-induced shortening of plasma antipyrine half-lives in man
Authors: Elliot S. Veseli, John G. Page
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The mean half-life of antipyrine in the plasma of four sets of identical and four sets of fraternal twins after a single oral dose of 16 mg/kg of antipyrine was 12.7 +/-(SD) 3.3 hr. After 2 wk on sodium phenobarbital (2 mg/kg daily) the half-life of antipyrine in the plasma of these twins was reduced to 8.0 +/-(SD) 1.5 hr. Shortening of the plasma antipyrine half-life occurred in all but one of these 16 normal, adult volunteers, but there was considerable variation in the extent of reduction which ranged from 0 to 69%. Phenobarbital administration decreased individual variations in antipyrine metabolism as indicated by the smaller standard deviation of the plasma antipyrine half-lives after phenobarbital than observed initially and by the narrowed range of variation in plasma antipyrine half-lives from 2.8-fold initially to 1.8-fold after phenobarbital. These results suggest that some inducing agents may be used to minimize individual variations in drug metabolism where such variations create therapeutic problems by exposing patients who slowly metabolize certain drugs to toxicity and other patients who rapidly metabolize some drugs to undertreatment. During the course of phenobarbital administration blood levels were determined. Phenobarbital blood levels correlated neither with the final values for plasma antipyrine half-lives nor with the per cent reduction in plasma antipyrine half-life produced by phenobarbital treatment. There was a direct relationship between initial antipyrine half-lives and the per cent shortening of antipyrine half-life produced by phenobarbital administration: the shorter the initial antipyrine half-life, the less the reduction caused by phenobarbital treatment. Larger intrapair variances in fraternal than in identical twins indicate genetic, rather than environmental, control of phenobarbital-induced alterations in plasma antipyrine half-life.
The coronary care controversy.
Authors: J M Rawles, A C Kenmure
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Five years ago a joint working party of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the British Cardiac Society recom mended that the Department of Health and Social Security and the Scottish Home and Health Department should encourage the development of mobile coronary care, preferably manned by doctors or, if this was not practicable, by trained ambulancemen or other paramedical staff.1 No action has resulted from these recommendations. Indeed, the prevailing medical opinion is that hospital care for myocardial infarction offers no advantage over home care and that mobile coronary care is ineffective in reducing mortality from myocardial infarction. The Department of Health and Social Security sponsored some studies in Nottingham on home versus hospital treatment for myo cardial infarction and on mobile coronary care which have been influential in forming this medical opinion. We re-examine the findings in these and other studies and the arguments for and against coronary care.
Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in the initial treatment of tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomised, controlled phase II trial
Authors: Marcus B Conde, Anne Efron, Carla Loredo, Gilvan R Muzy De Souza, Nadja P Graça, Michelle C Cezar, Malathi Ram, Mohammad A Chaudhary, William R Bishai, Afranio L Kritski, Richard E Chaisson
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Subacute Effects of Heavy Marihuana Smoking on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Men
Authors: Donald P. Tashkin, Bertrand J. Shapiro, Y. Enoch Lee, Charles E. Harper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To evaluate the subacute effects of heavy marihuana smoking on the lung, pulmonary function was tested in 28 healthy young male experienced cannabis users, before and after 47 to 59 days of daily ad-libitum marihuana smoking (mean of 5.2 marihuana cigarettes per day per subject, 2.2 per cent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Base-line pulmonary-function studies were nearly all within normal limits, but after 47 to 59 days of heavy smoking, statistically significant decreases in forced expired volume in one second (3 ± 1 per cent, S.E.), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (11 ±2 per cent), plethysmographic specific airway conductance (16 ± 2 per cent) and diffusing capacity (8 ± 2 per cent) were noted as compared with the base-line studies. The decreases in maximal mid-expiratory flow rate and specific airway conductance were correlated with the quantity of marihuana smoked. These findings suggest that customary social use of marihuana may not result in detectable functional respiratory impairment in healthy young men, whereas very heavy marihuana smoking for six to eight weeks causes mild but statistically significant airway obstruction. (N Engl J Med 294: 125–129,1976)
Contributions to the Pathology of Cardiac Diseases
Authors: W. O. Markham
Journal: BMJ (1857)

a lhealtlhy youin-g womantU, was admitted under the care of M\lr.Holt, Alarch l1th, on account of an abscess of the left blreast which lhad been opened three days before her admission.Seven days after her admission she complained of pain in the right breast, which was much en- lar-ed and tender to the touclh; and on manipulationi a haid lump could lbe felt deep irn the glanid.She had been suckling a clhil(l till a few days before her admission into the house, since which time the milk lhad been removed by a breast-pump.The pain anld swelling were evidently referrible to the confiniement of the milk secreted; and in consequence of reports of cases in this JOURNAL in which this secretion had been stopped by the use of belladonna, it was resolved to give it a trial.The followina ointment was therefore applied daily, spread on lint: One drachm of belladonna to an ounce of spermaceti ointment.Mtuch relief immediately followed, the pain ancd swelling soon subsided, and on March 31st she was well enough to be discharged.The only treatment besides the application of belladonn-a consisted in the use of local support and of tonics, both of wlich she had been using previously.HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN.
REPORT OF A CASE IN WHICH THE CHILD'S ARM BECAME ENGAGED IN THE FENESTRUM OF THE OBSTETRIC FORCEPS.Read by Title, in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: DAN MILLIKIN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

28 years of age, married six years, well developed.First pregnancy four years after marriage-there was nothing unusual during her term of pregnancy.Dr. Langan and I delivered her on February 6, 1889, under the influence of chloroform, of a living female child.It was a breech presentation, and never entered the infe¬ rior strait, and followed by a complete inversion of the uterus
A Laboratory Test Is Not a Diagnosis
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It is not surprising that in the sexually permissive society such as exists today, venereal disease should be on the rise. Gonorrhea is epidemic in the United States, with about 2 million people infected annually. Likewise, syphilis has been increasing since 1958; in 1970 there were some 80,000 cases in the primary to secondary stages. About 20% of patients in the United States are reported in primary or secondary stages, another 20% in the late symptomatic stages. But the bulk—the remaining 60%—are eventually diagnosed because a positive blood test was discovered, usually for a totally unrelated condition. In women, syphilis is a disease of the childbearing period, with the largest number infected between the ages of 15 and 29. With such an epidemic on our hands, it is well for us to review some of the laboratory tests available for diagnosing venereal disease, with brief mention of the sensitivity and