tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach to control a prolonged outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an intensive care unit
Authors: M. Knoester, M.G.J. de Boer, J.J. Maarleveld, E.C.J. Claas, A.T. Bernards, E. de Jonge, J.T. van Dissel, K.E. Veldkamp
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Respiratory movements in forward leaning position among patients with severe COPD
Authors: Asdis Kristjansdottir, Magdalena Asgeirsdottir, Hans Beck, Petur Hannesson, Maria Ragnarsdottir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Forward leaning position is freequently used to reduce dyspnea but thoracic respiratory movements in this position are not known. Objective: To study respiratory movements in supine and standing leaning forward position with support of the forarms among patients with emphysema and severe COPD and study respiratory movements in the forward leaning position during dyspnea. Method: Nineteen patients with emphysema and severe COPD GOLD 3 and 4 underwent spirometric measurement and position of their diaphragm was assessed. Respiratory movements during quiet and deep breathing were measured in supine and standing forward leaning position using the RMMI. Patients then bicycled with target work rate set as fixed fractions of the peak work rate tolerated in a pre-program incremental exercise test. When dismounting the bicycle, respiratory movements were measured in the forward leaning position. Patients rated their level of dyspnoea at rest and after bicycling. Results: Participants, 8 men and 11 women mean age 61±7 years and mean BMI 23.59±4.63. Respiratory movements during quiet breathing in supine position were significantly (abdominal p=.025, lower- and upper thoracic p=.020) greater than in the forward leaning position. In forward leaning during dyspnea, lower- and upper thoracic movements were significantly (p=.001; p=.005, respectively) less than abdominal movements. Mean dyspnea on 0-10 scale was 0,95±1.13 at rest and 5.5± 0.96 at the end of bicycling. Conclusion: Respiratory movements in the forward leaning position are less than in supine. Indicating that patients with emphysema and severe COPD use this position to reduce respiratory effort.
Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly-diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: NKTSG study.
Authors: M. Yamaguchi, Y. Kwong, Y. Maeda, C. Hashimoto, W. Kim, C. Suh, R. Hyo, S. Nakamura, K. Oshimi, R. Suzuki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8044 Background: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma and its standard therapy has not been established. CHOP (-like) chemotherapy has limited efficacy in ENKL, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 36% for newly-diagnosed stage IV diseases and less than 10% for relapsed or refractory diseases. Our previous phase I trial of a new chemotherapeutic regimen, SMILE (steroid=dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide) showed promising results (Cancer Sci, 2008). Methods: To explore a more effective treatment for ENKL, we conducted a phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy. Patients (Pts) with newly-diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory disease after first-line chemotherapy, between 15-69 years old and with a PS of 0-2 were eligible. Primary endpoint was ORR after 2 cycles of SMILE chemotherapy, and target enrollment was 38 pts. To ameliorate myelotoxicity and based on the results of phase I study, G-CSF was started from day 6. Results: From July 2007 to October 2009, 39 pts were enrolled. Pt characteristics were age: 16-67 years (median 47); male:female=21:18; newly-diagnosed stage IV disease in 21; first relapse in 13; and primary refractory disease in 5. Since the first 2 pts died of grade 5 infection, we made a protocol revision stipulating awareness for infection and including lymphocyte count 500/cmm or more into the eligibility criteria. After that, no treatment-related death was observed. 29 pts (74%) completed the planned treatment. The responses were complete remission (CR) in 15, partial remission in 14, no response in 3, progressive disease in 3, and early death in 4. ORR and %CR were 74% (95% CI, 58-87) and 38%, respectively. Grade 4 neutropenia was common. Grade 4 non-hematologic toxicities were infection (n=5), hyperbilirubinemia (n=1), ALT elevation (n=2), and encephalopathy (n=1). The most common grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity was infection (41%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that SMILE chemotherapy is an effective treatment for newly-diagnosed stage IV, relapsed or refractory ENKL. Myelosuppression and infection during the treatment should carefully be managed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Inhibition or Enhancement of Rat Mammary Tumors Dependent on Dose of BCG2
Authors: Willy F. Piessens, Michael Campbell, W. Hallowell Churchill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The effect of BCG on the growth of transplantable rat mammary tumors in W/Fu rats was studied. Admixture of mycobacteria to tumor cells in vitro prior to their Injection in vivco either had no effect on or resulted in inhibition of or enhancement of the growth of the tumor transplants. Inhibition occurred at high and enhancement at low mycobacteria:tumor cell ratios. However, following suppression of local tumor growth with high doses of BCG, the growth of a second tumor graft was enhanced. Pretreatment of rats with BCG alone also enhanced the growth of a subsequent tumor graft. These results suggest an inverse relationship between the optimal dose of BCG for suppression of local tumor and that required to induce systemic immunity.
Effects of pulmonary vasodilators on the remodelled pulmonary arterial tree in chronic alveolar hypoxia
Authors: D Heath
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

It has been reported that treatment with the calcium antagonist felodipine, orally or by infusion, may be a valuable adjunct to ongoing long-term oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive lung disease [1]. These authors found in eight patients beneficial changes in both central haemodynamics and ventilation-perfusion matchipg. There were falls in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, an increase in cardiac output, a tendency to increased perfusion of hypoxic areas of lung, and an increase of total oxygen transport. It is worthy of consideration as to how a pulmonary vasodilator is thought to exert its effects on the remodelling of the pulmonary arterial tree which is known to occur in chronic obstructive lung disease. The abnormalities which develop in the pulmonary blood vessels in pulmonary emphysema, as in all states of chronic hypoxia, occur characteristically in the most peripheral portions of the pulmonary arterial tree. New accumulations of vascular smooth muscle cells are widespread in the intima of the small pulmonary arteries but they are laid down in a longitudinal orientation along the length of the vessel [2]. These have long been regarded as the result of stretching of pulmonary arteries around the abnormal air spaces in the lung but there are now grounds for doubting this and the longitudinal muscle may be a response to chronic hypo?Cia in the surrounding alveolar spaces as will be discussed below. When a patient with pulmonary emphysema treated on long-term oxygen therapy dies, there is ample histological evidence of recent laying down of more longitudinal muscle up to the time of death [2]. It seems appropriate to consider what effect a pulmonary vasodilator might be expected to have on longitudinallyorientated fasciculi of muscle in the intima of pulmonary arteries. Commonly a thin layer of circularly-orientated smooth muscle forms internally to this layer of longitudinal muscle in the intima. This circular muscle extends in the form of tubes distally through the pulmonary arterioles to peter out in the walls of small muscularized arterioles and pre-capillaries [2]. As many as three of these inner muscular tubes may be found passing through one arteriole. E lastic tissue is laid down between these tubes and they persist even after a long period of oxygen therapy. How do pulmonary vasodilators affect these muscular tubes and thus influence pulmonary haemodynamics?
American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention
Authors: Lawrence H. Kushi, Colleen Doyle, Marji McCullough, Cheryl L. Rock, Wendy Demark‐Wahnefried, Elisa V. Bandera, Susan Gapstur, Alpa V. Patel, Kimberly Andrews, Ted Gansler
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. These Guidelines, published approximately every 5 years, are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and they reflect the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS Guidelines focus on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. The ACS Guidelines are consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes, as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans . CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Shadows in Summer
Authors: Jeffrey C. Alfier
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The influence of parameters at birth and in early childhood on lung function in adolescence
Authors: W. John Watkins, Sarah Kotecha, John Henderson, Sailesh Kotecha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction  The extent to which measurable factors at birth and/or during early childhood influence lung function in adolescence remains uncertain. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear what factors influence “tracking” of lung function during growth.  Aims  We sought to quantify if lung function at 14-17 years of age is associated with measurable factors at birth and 8-9 years of age.  Methods  Data for 2444 Caucasian, term-born, singleton, live births from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used to model raw lung function variables (FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75) at 14-17. We built several regression models to include relevant information including birth-weight, gestation; height and weight at 8-9 years and at 14-17 years of age.  Results  For FEV1 at 14-17 years, 26% of the model variance was explained by measurements at birth – primarily gender and birth-weight. Adding height, weight and FEV1 values at 8-9 years improved this association with FEV1 at 14-17 years of age to 49%. When measurements available at 14-17 were added, the variance improved to 57%. For FVC at 14-17, the respective figures at birth, 8-9 and 14-17 were 30%, 52% and 59% and for FEF25-75 were 8%, 38% and 42%. Unsurprisingly, lung function values at 8-9 years had the greatest association with lung function at 14-17 years of age. The final model featured lung function and growth measures at 8-9 and 14-17. Birth-weight did not feature as it is correlated with growth at later stages.  Conclusions  Lung function at 14-17 years of age is marginally associated with birth weight but strongly related to lung and growth parameters at 8 years thus supporting the concept of tracking of lung function.
Ventilator-induced lung injury induces a positive signalling feedback loop between Nrf2 and amphiregulin
Authors: Lucy Reiss, Athanassios Fragoulis, Stephanie Siegl, Thomas Pufe, Christian Martin, Stefan Uhlig, Christoph Wruck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aims and objectives: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life saving intervention, but also bears the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) with pulmonary inflammation. The mechanisms underlying VILI are not yet fully understood. This study was designed to examine a possible interaction of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of the cellular antioxidant defence system, with the stretch-induced growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) during VILI.

Methods: In silico approaches were used to analyze Areg promoter sequences for the Nrf2 binding site ARE. HeLa cells with inactivated Keap1, the inhibitor of Nrf2, were used to examine the regulation of AREG by Nrf2. Ventilation-dependent Nrf2 activation was quantified in isolated perfused mouse lungs (IPL). Further, activation of Nrf2 by AREG was examined in HeLA cells, murine precision cut lung slices (PCLS) and IPL. In vivo ventilation experiments of Nrf2-deficient mice, including analyses of functional and inflammatory pulmonary parameters, completed the study.

Results: Promoter analyses revealed ARE sequences within the Areg promoter. Based on this, the regulation of AREG by Nf2 was shown by shRNA knockdown of Keap1. In turn, Nrf2 was activated in a ventilation-dependent manner as well as by exogenously administered AREG. The induction of Nrf2 by AREG was inhibited by p38 MAP kinase repression. Finally, the Nrf2-dependent regulation of AREG was validated in vivo in mechanically ventilated mice.

Conclusions: We conclude that MV induces a positive feedback signalling loop between Nrf2 and AREG, which might play a protective role in VILI.
Nitrogen Redox Balance in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway
Authors: BENJAMIN GASTON, FELIX RATJEN, JOHN W. VAUGHAN, NEIL R. MALHOTRA, ROBERT G. CANADY, ASHLEY H. SNYDER, JOHN F. HUNT, SEBASTIAN GAERTIG, JOANNA B. GOLDBERG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Denitrifying bacteria metabolize nitrogen oxides through assimilatory and dissimilatory pathways. These redox reactions may affect lung physiology. We hypothesized that airway colonization with denitrifying bacteria could alter nitrogen balance in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway. We measured airway nitrogen redox species before and after antimicrobial therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with CF. We also studied ammonium (NH4 +) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa in vitro and in CF sputum ex vivo. Ammonium concentrations in both sputum and tracheal aspirates decreased with therapy. Nitric oxide reductase (NOR) was present in clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, which both produced NH4 + and consumed NO. Further, NO consumption by CF sputum was inhibited by tobramycin ex vivo. We conclude that treatment of pseudomonal lung infections is associated with decreased NH4 + concentrations in the CF airways. In epithelial cells, NH4 + inhibits chloride transport, and nitrogen oxides inhibit amiloride-sensitive sodium transport and augment chloride transport. We speculate that normalization of airway nitrogen redox balance could contribute to the beneficial effects of antipseudomonal therapy on lung function in CF.
On the selectivity and efficacy of defense peptides with respect to cancer cells
Authors: Frederick Harris, Sarah R. Dennison, Jaipaul Singh, David A. Phoenix
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Here, we review potential determinants of the anticancer efficacy of innate immune peptides (ACPs) for cancer cells. These determinants include membrane‐based factors, such as receptors, phosphatidylserine, sialic acid residues, and sulfated glycans, and peptide‐based factors, such as residue composition, sequence length, net charge, hydrophobic arc size, hydrophobicity, and amphiphilicity. Each of these factors may contribute to the anticancer action of ACPs, but no single factor(s) makes an overriding contribution to their overall selectivity and toxicity. Differences between the anticancer actions of ACPs seem to relate to different levels of interplay between these peptide and membrane‐based factors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor in obstructivesleep apnea patients. Effect of CPAP treatment
Authors: Evangelia Nena, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Argyris Tzouvelekis, Nikolaos Papanas, George Zacharis, Konstantinos Archontogeorgis, Maria Kouratzi, Andreas Koulelidis, Panagiotis Boglou, Marios Froudarakis, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, via activation of inflammatory pathways. Hypoxia modifies Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels, which could contribute to atherogenesis and predict future cardiovascular events. Aim of the study was to compare serum levels of VEGF and IGFBP-3 in OSA patients vs. controls, to explore associations with anthropometric and sleep parameters and to study the effect of CPAP treatment on these levels.

Materials and methods: In 65 patients with OSA (AHI 59.9±26.8/h) and in 31 age and BMI matched controls (AHI<15/h) (AHI 6.5±4.4/h), serum levels of VEGF and IGFBP-3 were measured. The measurement was repeated after 6 months to OSA patients under CPAP therapy. All participants were non-smokers, without any cardiovascular comorbidities.

Results: At baseline, serum VEGF levels in OSA patients were significantly higher compared to controls (398.4±229 vs. 229.9±149.8 pg/ml, p<0.001), while IGFBP-3 levels were lower (1.41±0.56 vs. 1.61±0.38 μg/ml, p=0.039). VEGF levels were correlated with AHI (r=0.336, p=0.001) and ODI (r=0.282, p=0.007). At the 6-month follow-up, VEGF levels decreased in patients under CPAP treatment (341±206, p<0.001), while IGFBP-3 levels increased (1.94±0.6, p<0.001).

Conclusion: In OSA patients, serum levels of VEGF are elevated, while IGFBP-3 levels are low. Six months of CPAP treatment modify these levels, indicating an augmented cardiovascular risk in untreated OSA patients, which is ameliorated after CPAP therapy.
Mission Indradhanush makes vaccination progress in India
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A total of 7 550 000 children in India have received vaccinations, and 1 970 000 have been fully protected against seven diseases under the Mission Indradhanush initiative, recent government figures have shown.1 In addition, 2 080 000 pregnant women have received the tetanus toxoid vaccination. …
Progression in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Emma Devenney, Lauren Bartley, Chris Hoon, Claire O’Callaghan, Fiona Kumfor, Michael Hornberger, John B. Kwok, Glenda M. Halliday, Matthew C. Kiernan, Olivier Piguet, John R. Hodges
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> A gap in the literature exists regarding progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (BVFTD). Guidance is needed concerning markers that will enable clinicians to discriminate FTD more effectively from phenocopies and to identify factors that determine progression and thereby prognosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To observe longitudinal outcomes and progression in probable and possible BVFTD in accordance with international diagnostic criteria and to identify features that may aid clinicians to prognosticate better in cases of possible BVFTD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Longitudinal cohort study performed in a specialist tertiary FTD research clinic. Fifty-eight consecutive patients were followed up longitudinally from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2013, and classified as having possible, probable, or definite BVFTD at presentation and latest review. Final follow-up was completed on December 31, 2013, and data were analyzed from January 1 to August 1, 2014. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Clinical, pathological, genetic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging data were analyzed to categorize patients, to compare differences between groups with changed and unchanged diagnoses, to determine rates of progression in BVFTD, and to identify prognostic features in possible BVFTD. <h3>Results</h3> At presentation, 38 of the 58 patients fulfilled criteria for probable BVFTD; of these, 36 continued to satisfy probable criteria or underwent conversion to definite criteria over time. The remaining 20 patients satisfied possible criteria only, and 11 of these patients changed categories over time to probable or definite BVFTD and showed progression on cognitive and functional measures (termed<i>changed status</i>). Of these 11 patients, 8 (73%) carried the<i>C9orf72</i>expansion. A positive family history, memory impairment, and clinical abnormalities at presentation were key features of progression (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). A continuum of neuropsychological scores, progression rates, and atrophy severity emerged across patients in probable, possible, changed status, and nonchanged status groups; patients with probable BVFTD exhibited the most severe abnormalities. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Behavioral variant FTD shows variable progression over time. Clinicians can use a detailed neurologic and cognitive assessment to identify key predictive features of progression when faced with possible BVFTD, whereas a diagnosis of probable BVFTD is accurate in a clinical setting.
Failure of Immunotherapy With Neuraminidase-Treated Tumor Cell Vaccine in Mice Bearing Established 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas
Authors: Robert J. Spence, Richard M. Simon, Alan R. Baker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

C3H/HeJ mice bearing MC-80 fibrosarcomas were given immunotherapy consisting of multiple injections of a Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN)-treated tumor cell vaccine at a site remote from the established tumor. In five separate experiments we were unable to show either partial or complete tumor regression or prolongation of survival for vaccine-treated mice compared to appropriate controls. Further, the use of BCG in addition to VCN-treated tumor cells failed to show any therapeutic efficacy. We could not confirm the successful immunotherapy results reported by others despite multiple efforts of reproduce the immunotherapy model as carefully and precisely as possible.