tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of single complete compression ultrasonography in pregnant and postpartum women with suspected deep vein thrombosis: prospective study
Authors: G. Le Gal, G. Kercret, K. Ben Yahmed, L. Bressollette, H. Robert-Ebadi, L. Riberdy, P. Louis, A. Delluc, M.-L. Labalette, M. Baba-Ahmed, H. Bounameaux, D. Mottier, M. Righini
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the safety of using single complete compression ultrasonography in pregnant and postpartum women to rule out deep vein thrombosis. <b>Design</b> Prospective outcome study. <b>Setting</b> Two tertiary care centres and 18 private practices specialising in vascular medicine in France and Switzerland. <b>Participants</b> 226 pregnant and postpartum women referred for suspected deep vein thrombosis. <b>Methods</b> A single proximal and distal compression ultrasonography was performed. All women with a negative complete compression ultrasonography result did not receive anticoagulant therapy and were followed up for a three month period. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Symptoms of venous thromboembolism, second compression ultrasonography or chest imaging, a thromboembolic event, and anticoagulant treatment. <b>Results</b> 16 women were excluded, mainly because of associated suspected pulmonary embolism. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 22 out of the 210 included women (10.5%). 10 patients received full dose anticoagulation despite a negative test result during follow-up. Of the 177 patients without deep vein thrombosis and who did not receive full dose anticoagulant therapy, two (1.1%, 95% confidence interval 0.3% to 4.0%) had an objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis during follow-up. <b>Conclusions</b> The rate of venous thromboembolic events after single complete compression ultrasonography in pregnant and postpartum women seems to be within the range of that observed in studies in the non-pregnant population. These data suggest that a negative single complete compression ultrasonography result may safely exclude the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in this setting. <b>Trial registration</b> clinicaltrials.gov NCT00740454.
Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Lowell H. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A 13-year-old boy had congenital factor XIII deficiency and a history of serious bleeding dating back to the neonatal period. He was successfully treated with monthly infusions of a single unit of plasma. It is concluded that all patients demonstrating factor XIII deficiency should be given a trial of monthly plasma infusion therapy. The diagnosis should be suspected for patients whose routine coagulation screening test results are normal, but in whom a history of significant bleeding episodes is obtained.
Posttraumatic Multisystem Organ Failure
Authors: Malcolm M. DeCamp
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE SYNDROME of multisystem organ failure (MSOF) currently affects a wide variety of critically ill or injured patients. The mortality rate is well in excess of 60%. Its natural course requires long stays in the intensive care unit and consumes excessive monetary, physician, and hospital resources. The emergence of MSOF is directly related to improvements in organ system support and monitoring, which have made it possible to sustain previously lethal critical illness. The syndrome is characterized by a hyperdynamic, hypermetabolic state identical to that seen in sepsis. The term<i>sepsis syndrome</i>also is used to reflect the fact that infection, although frequently present, is not essential for initiating or perpetuating progressive organ failure. A systemic inflammatory response modulated by a cascade of soluble protein and lipid mediators seems to be the final common pathway linking the sepsis syndrome with MSOF. Herein, we review the origin and presentation of MSOF and
UPTAKE OF THALLIUM-201 AND TECHNETIUM-99M SESTAMIBI IN HUMAN GLIOMA CELL LINES
Authors: N. Kahraman, C. Inampudi, J. M. Mountz, S. S. Rosenfeld
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama. *Department of Neurology.
EWS-FLI1 Utilizes Divergent Chromatin Remodeling Mechanisms to Directly Activate or Repress Enhancer Elements in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Nicolò Riggi, Birgit Knoechel, Shawn M. Gillespie, Esther Rheinbay, Gaylor Boulay, Mario L. Suvà, Nikki E. Rossetti, Wannaporn E. Boonseng, Ozgur Oksuz, Edward B. Cook, Aurélie Formey, Anoop Patel, Melissa Gymrek, Vishal Thapar, Vikram Deshpande, David T. Ting, Francis J. Hornicek, G. Petur Nielsen, Ivan Stamenkovic, Martin J. Aryee, Bradley E. Bernstein, Miguel N. Rivera
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Anatomy of the Prostatic Urethra
Authors: John E. McNeal
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The MEDICAL NEWS report of the talk by McGuire at the American Urologic Association Convention<sup>1</sup>contained some statements that require clarification. The report indicated that a new smooth-muscle sphincter has been identified extending along the entire length of the prostatic urethra and that it is critical for the physiological control of continence. In fact, this sphincter was first described 11 years ago in an autopsy study of the anatomy of the prostatic urethra.<sup>2</sup>In contrast to McGuire's findings, microscopic study showed that this sphincter is not homogeneous in composition. It is divided into two segments of equal length, and only the proximal segment is composed of smooth muscle. This segment was designated the<i>preprostatic sphincter</i>because its distal border, at the level of the base of the verumontanum, lies proximal to the orifices of all the major prostatic ducts. The distal half of the sphincter
Another Severe Psychological Reaction to Side Effects of Medication in an Adolescent
Authors: Leonard Neff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

"There are some remedies worse than the disease."<sup>1</sup> IN a previous paper, the author<sup>2</sup>reported a case of a 15-year-old boy who developed an acute panic reaction and suicidal thoughts while taking chloroquine phosphate for granuloma annulare. The present report is of an 18-year-old boy who developed moderately severe neurological and psychological reactions while taking piperazine citrate as a prophylactic for pinworms. In both cases, the psychological reactions appeared to result from the side effects of the medication. <h3>Piperazine</h3> Piperazine (Antepar) has been used for many years as an antihelmintic agent. In therapeutic doses, no serious side effects have been reported, (M. Fite, personal communication, Nov 29, 1965) though in children who have received unusually large doses<sup>3,4</sup>or in those having abnormal electroencephalograms,<sup>5,6</sup>moderate to severe side effects have been reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> At the time of the episode being reported, the patient, an
Impact of oxidative stress on signal transduction control by phosphotyrosine phosphatases.
Authors: C M Krejsa, G L Schieven
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serve as important regulators of cellular signal transduction pathways. PTPs are sensitive targets of oxidative stress and may be inhibited by treatments that induce intracellular oxidation. The effects of PTP inactivation under oxidizing conditions are amplified by the redox-linked activation of key protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), thus leading to the initiation of phosphotyrosine-signaling cascades that are no longer under normal receptor control. These ligand-independent signals result in the accumulation of protein phosphotyrosine, the generation of second messengers, the activation of downstream kinases, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). In this review we consider the relative contribution of oxidative stress to the effects of PTP inhibition by vanadium-based compounds in lymphocytes. Although the inactivation of PTPs can lead to NF-kappa B mobilization in the presence of antioxidants, the other effects noted appear to require a threshold of intracellular oxidation. The combined effects of oxidative stress on signal transduction cascades reflect a synergy between the initiation of signals by PTKs and the loss of control by PTPs. This suggests a mechanism by which environmental agents that cause oxidative stress may alter the course of cellular responses through induction or enhancement of signaling cascades leading to functional changes or cell death.
Inhibitory or scavenging action of ketoconazole and ciclopiroxolamine against reactive oxygen species released by primed inflammatory cells
Authors: T. Nakashima, E. Sato, Y. Niwano, M. Kohno, W. Muraoka, T. Oda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from inflammatory cells constitute one of the critical causative factors in inflammatory skin diseases such as seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.To investigate inhibitory effects of ketoconazole (KCZ) and ciclopiroxolamine (CPO), both of which have been used for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, on ROS released from inflammatory cells.The methyl-Cypridina-luciferin analogue-dependent chemiluminescence method was employed for the detection of ROS production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated inflammatory cells. Moreover, the radical scavenging activities of both agents were examined by using a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). NADPH oxidase activity was determined in particulate (membrane) fractions prepared from PMA-stimulated RAW 264 x 7 cells, a macrophage-like cell line.Both of these antifungal agents inhibited PMA-stimulated ROS production. However, only CPO significantly scavenged both ROS generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and DPPH, and the scavenging activity of CPO seemed to act on ROS other than superoxide anions. Although KCZ inhibited PMA-stimulated ROS production, it did not show radical-scavenging activities. The inhibition of ROS production by KCZ is probably attributable to the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity.The mechanism of the inhibitory action of KCZ against PMA-stimulated ROS production is distinct from that of CPO. Knowledge of the inhibitory or scavenging effects of both antifungal agents on ROS released from inflammatory cells may be useful in developing a therapeutic strategy for dermatitis.
Single or Multiple Cell Origin for Tumors?
Authors: Philip J. Fialkow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Most investigations of tumorigenesis necessarily bear only indirectly on causative factors for neoplasms in man. An approach that has recently gained attention involves determining the number of cells from which tumors arise, thus providing important clues to their mode of origin. For example, a neoplasm that results from a rare event like "spontaneous" somatic mutation would be expected to arise in a single cell. On the other hand, multicellular origin would be anticipated for a tumor caused by cell-to-cell spread of a virus. This problem can be investigated in subjects with at least two genetically distinct types of cells. Tumors . . .
Chernobyl damaged children's genes
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Children born into families affected by the radioactive fallout from Chernobyl have been found to have germline mutations. Research published in Nature (380:683-6) provides possibly the first evidence that radiation damage can be passed through germline cells on to future generations. Dr Yuri Dubrova of the N I Vavilov Institute of General …
Tobacco litigation worldwide
Authors: R. A Daynard
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editorial by Davis 

Tobacco litigation has transformed the prospects for tobacco control, first in the United States and more recently worldwide. It has forced tobacco companies to sit at the bargaining table with tobacco control advocates, has produced settlements under which the industry is committed to paying about $10bn each year to reimburse American states for healthcare expenditure caused by tobacco, and it has generally put the industry on the political defensive. For example, the millions of pages of internal documents from the tobacco industry that are now open for public inspection in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and in Guildford, England, as a result of the Minnesota state litigation continue to fuel exposes of industry misconduct, and only a fraction of the material has yet been analysed.

This article describes tobacco litigation in the United States and reviews developments elsewhere. It concludes with the bleak picture in Great Britain.

#### Summary points

Tobacco litigation is transforming the prospects for tobacco control worldwide

Litigation in the United States is moving forward on several fronts, including individual cases, class actions, third party reimbursement actions, and secondhand smoke cases

Other countries have followed suit, with governmental actions in courts both in the United States and locally and with private individual, class action, and reimbursement cases

Australia has seen a major ruling on the dangers of environmental tobacco smoke, and there is currently a viable smokers' class action

Britain has not been hospitable to tobacco litigation, with a recent negative judicial decision forcing a group action to be abandoned

We examined the reported judicial decisions in tobacco litigation, and we collected and analysed other legal documents in other tobacco cases.

Tobacco litigation, even in the United States, has not been easy or uniformly successful. Indeed, for the first 42 years of litigation, from 1954 to 1996, the industry maintained …
Mechanisms of Attachment of Neutrophils to Candida albicans Pseudohyphae in the Absence of Serum, and of Subsequent Damage to Pseudohyphae by Microbicidal Processes of Neutrophils In Vitro
Authors: Richard D. Diamond, Raymond Krzesicki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Mechanisms were studied that might explain the attachment and damage to Candida albicans pseudohyphae by neutrophils in the absence of serum. Attachment of neutrophils to pseudo hyphae was inhibited by Candida mannans (1-10 mg/ml), but not by mannose, dextran, chitin, conconavalin A, or highly charged polyamino acids. Contact was also inhibited by pretreatment of Candida before incubation with neutrophils with chymotrypsin, but not trypsin or several inhibitors of proteases. Similar results were obtained with pretreatment of neutrophils, except that trypsin was inhibitory. When pseudohyphae were killed with ultraviolet light, proteinpolysaccharide complexes of mol wt <10,000 were released which appeared to bind to the surfaces of neutrophils and inhibit contact between neutrophils and Candida, as well as other fungi.
Reminiscences of Osler
Authors: Watson S. Rankin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A letter of introduction and an expression of interest from my professor of surgery at the University of Maryland, Dr. Louis McLain Tiffiny, to Dr. Osler in August 1902 opened the way for my entrance into the courses given by Professors Welch and Osler for the scholastic year 1902 and 1903 at the Johns Hopkins Medical School. A part of Osler's course was a general clinic which was given weekly in the large surgical amphitheater. Every seat was usually occupied by junior and senior students and members of the resident staff. Osler sat in a chair near an examining table in the pit of the amphitheater. The patients were brought in and the diagnosis and treatment of their cases discussed. At one of the clinics a patient was brought in on a stretcher. The patient was completely covered with a sheet. The only clinical feature was a noticeably protuberant abdomen.
When it comes to child care, hospitals may be setting the pace for much of the nation
Authors: S. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

NEARLY TWO (37.9%) out of five hospitals surveyed provide, or help provide for, some kind of child care for their employees. And 38% of those that don't plan to establish such benefits before the end of this year. That is the finding of the American College of Healthcare Executives, Chicago, Ill, and the American Association of Healthcare Consultants, Fairfax, Va. In contrast, the two organizations say, today only about 1 (11.1%) in 10 businesses provides such services for its employees. <h3>Larger Hospitals Oversampled</h3> The survey examined 965 hospitals throughout the United States. The hospitals were stratified by number of beds, and the two organizations concede that large hospitals were oversampled, since they seemed more likely to provide child-care services. Survey questions examined such aspects as types of child care benefits offered, types of hospitals involved, attitudes of hospital executives toward offering care, and financial contributions to child care. Currently, the
Abstract 2827: Activity of the proprietary Hsp90 inhibitor IPI-493 in models of colorectal cancer correlates with RAS pathway activation
Authors: Kip A. West, Nafeeza Hafeez, John Mac Dougall, Emmanuel Normant, Vito Palombella, Christian Fritz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a role in regulating the stability of key cancer-causing proteins through its role as a protein chaperone. Proteins chaperoned by Hsp90, known as client proteins, include cancer-causing forms of ALK, BCR-ABL, EGFR, FLT3, and HER2. Infinity is developing two drug candidates in its Hsp90 chaperone inhibitor program: IPI-504 (retaspimycin hydrochloride), an intravenously-administered small molecule, and IPI-493, which is administered orally. To investigate the activity of IPI-493 in colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed in vitro growth inhibition (GI) studies on a CRC cell line panel. IPI-493 demonstrated GI50s in the range of 10-100nM in cell lines harboring either kRAS or bRAF mutations. To explore the in vivo potency of IPI-493, several mutant bRAF, mutant kRAS, as well as a wild-type kRAS/bRAF xenograft models were developed. Administration of IPI-493 at 100 mg/kg three times weekly demonstrated dramatic effects in all of the mutant models tested, with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values between 70 and 90% and regression in one mutant bRAF model. Importantly, when IPI-493 was evaluated in combination with irinotecan, the combination resulted in greater tumor regression than seen with either agent alone with complete regressions observed in 4 of 10 animals. Interestingly, in the wild-type kRAS/bRAF models, IPI-493 administration did not lead to tumor growth inhibition. These results suggest that activation of the MAPK pathway may predispose these cells to sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibition. To investigate the effect of IPI-493 on MAPK pathway activity, we performed pharmacodynamic analysis after a single dose of IPI-493 in multiple xenograft models differing in their RAF/RAS mutation status. In mutant bRAF models, pathway activity was high, and IPI-493 administration resulted in downregulation of the activity of both bRAF and MEK. In models containing no mutations in kRAS or bRAF, we detect low baseline levels of both p-bRAF and p-MEK and little effect of IPI-493 administration. When Ras pathway activity in all CRC xenografts was compared with IPI-493 efficacy, there was a clear correlation between pathway activation and tumor growth inhibition by IPI-493. Our finding that Ras pathway activation predisposes CRC cells to sensitivity to IPI-493 and our combination data with irinotecan provide a clear rationale for the evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2827. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2827
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis After Gefitinib Therapy for Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Masahiro Iwasaku, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Yohei Korogi, Kei Kunimasa, Akihiro Nishiyama, Hiroki Nagai, Tadashi Ishida
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Funding agencies are standing in way of open access to research results, publishers say
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The bodies that fund scientific research are the main remaining obstacle to the open publication of results in a form that all can access, traditional journal publishers say.

Denying that they were standing in the way of open access, representatives of Nature Publishing Group, Elsevier, and Springer suggested at a briefing at the Science Media Centre in London on 8 June that any delays were due to the reluctance of funding agencies to commit themselves to the model.

Philip Campbell, editor in chief of Nature , said that the free availability of all scientific information to everybody was “very compelling” because it made possible new techniques such as data mining and because the public, having paid for the research, had a moral right …
Taxi rank malaria
Authors: D N Durrheim
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Malaria contracted during travel to a malarious zone may develop only after the traveller's return to an area free of the disease. This has led to doctors' practice of asking febrile patients, “Where have you been and when?” Malarious disease may also occur in people who have never visited a malarious area or been exposed to blood products infected with plasmodium. In north western Europe most such cases occur in the vicinity of international airports. These cases of “airport malaria” are acquired through the bites of infected anopheline mosquitos inadvertently imported by aircraft from endemic areas. …
People who influenced my practice
Authors: John Lunn
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Surgery is done under local anaesthetic in the operating theatre.The A1 pulley is exposed through a palmar skin incision, and the pulley is divided under direct vision.Success rates vary from 60% to 97%.Complication rates can be high; complications include long term scar tenderness, inadequate release, nerve damage, and flexor sheath infection. 24 25 Treatment in children Children represent a distinct group of patients not only epidemiologically but also for treatment.The thumb is involved in 90% of cases.Treatment has traditionally entailed surgical release, but this has become increasingly controversial as authors have presented good results with non-operative methods of treatment. 6w13-w15 Non-operative methods of treatment include physiotherapy administered by the parents with or without splintage.With physiotherapy alone, success rates of between 52% and 80% cure have been reported in patients whose thumb is not fixed in flexion or extension.w13 w14 With splintage, reports give success rates of 77-89%.In both groups, success rates seem to be higher in younger children and decrease with age.w14 w15
Cutaneous polyamines in psoriasis
Authors: N.J. LOWE, J. BREEDING, DIANE RUSSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are intimately associated with cellular growth and division. Previous studies of the polyamines and their rate limiting biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase, in psoriasis have shown significant changes compared with non-psoriatic skin. We have further studied cutaneous polyamines in patients with psoriasis and in normal subjects, epidermal shave biopsies were taken and assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels. Psoriasis lesions showed increased ornithine decarboxylase activity compared with uninvolved skin. The levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity in uninvolved psoriasis skin were also higher than in normals. There was increased putrescine in involved psoriasis compared with uninvolved and normal skin. Spermidine and spermine were increased in psoriasis skin and in uninvolved skin and compared with normals. The spermidine/spermine ratio was greatest in involved skin compared with uninvolved and normal. These results confirm abnormal polyamine metabolism in both the involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatics.