tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances in Neuroendocrinology.
Authors: Alvin Brodish
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The advent of neuroendocrinology as a separate discipline stems from the relatively recent recognition of the close interrelationship between the nervous system and the endocrine system. During the past 20 years, a great deal of progress has been made in understanding some of the mechanisms whereby these two integrating systems control various bodily functions. This volume contains a series of well-organized papers presented at a symposium on neuroendocrinology held in December, 1961, and represents an attempt to collect, review, and evaluate the accumulated knowledge in this steadily growing field. Contributors from all parts of the world participated and the published reports from this meeting will be the standard reference source of the status of neuroendocrinology for some time to come. The opening chapter brilliantly analyzes the neuroanatomical connections between the hypothalamus and other regions of the nervous system that are basic to an understanding of the way in which environmental
Radioimmunodetection of Chemodectoma by ln-111 Labeled Anti-CEA Antibody
Authors: KALEVI J.A. KAIREMO, ERKKI V. M. HOPSU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The carotid body paraganglioma is a rare tumor that arises from the autonomic nervous chemoreceptor. It can be diagnosed by contrast angiography. A patient in whom a carotid body chemodectoma was imaged with ln-111 labeled monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti- CEA) antibodies is described. There was marked accumulation of the antibody into the tumor but little blood pool activity at 25 hours. The removed tumor, which was examined immunohistochemically, was positive for vimentin, GFAP, NF 68, SYP, and S-100; and negative for CEA, desmin, and cytokeratin. The tumor was a paraganglioma that accumulated antibody with nonspecific mechanism of uptake.
Evaluation of left ventricular contractile performance utilizing end-systolic pressure-volume relationships in conscious dogs.
Authors: M T Sodums, F R Badke, M R Starling, W C Little, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The relationship between left ventricular end-systolic pressure and volume has been proposed as a model of left ventricular contraction which may be useful for quantifying inotropic state independent of preload and afterload. Although the model has been well-validated in isolated hearts, systematic evaluation in conscious animals with an intact peripheral circulation has been limited. Accordingly, we derived end-systolic pressure-volume relationships in twelve conscious dogs, chronically instrumented to measure left ventricular pressure and dimensions from endocardial ultrasonic crystals in three orthogonal axes. We examined the linearity of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, its response to alterations of inotropic state and the peripheral circulation, and the influence of beta-adrenergic reflexes. End-systolic pressure-volume relationships were constructed by linear regression of end-systolic pressure-volume coordinates produced by transient inferior vena caval occlusions during atrial pacing. The relations were highly linear; of 127 inferior vena caval occlusions, the correlation coefficient was 0.96 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD). The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship was not significantly altered either by a moderate resistive afterload induced by angiotensin II infusion, or by a moderate increase in preload produced by dextran, but was increased from 4.7 +/- 2.3 to 6.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg/ml (P less than 0.05) in response to the positive inotropic stimulus of dobutamine. The volume intercept at zero end-systolic pressure was unaffected by dextran or dobutamine, but was decreased from 12 +/- 8 to 5 +/- 11 ml (P less than 0.01) by angiotensin II infusion, indicating a leftward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Privates on parade
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Regional theatre is thriving in England, especially in Yorkshire, but without much support from doctors, I'm afraid. At a concert or the opera my wife and I often bump into music loving colleagues but in theatre bars we sip our dry white wine by ourselves. Still, it gives us a chance to look around.

Regional audiences are different from those in London's west end. Ours have hardly any tourists or star-struck fans, except when a celebrity vehicle …
Abstract 2559: Preclinical evaluation of dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nicholas A. Saunders, Rafael Erlich, Zoulika Kherrouche, Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam, Lilia Merida de Long, Alexander Guminski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In this study we have examined the potential value of a series of clinically relevant PI3K-mTOR inhibitors alone, or in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors, in a model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We present data relating to in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects and efficacy for both these classes of drugs. HNSCC cell lines, human keratinocyte and HNSCC xenograft models were treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and new generation PI3K and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors either alone or in combination. Cell and tumour tissue viability and proliferation were determined in vitro and in vivo following treatments. Effect upon activation status of signalling pathways was also investigated. We report that PI3K, AKT, and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors (LY294002, Wortmannin, AKT VIII, BEZ235, BKM120 and BGT226) caused a marked in vitro enhancement of cytotoxicity induced by HDACIs (vorinostat, depsipeptide, valproic acid and LBH589) in HNSCC cancer cells (SCC25, Cal27, Detroit 562). This effect correlates with intense and duration of AKT inhibition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and is attenuated by expression of constitutively active AKT. LBH589, BEZ235, BGT226 and BKM120 inhibited tumour growth alone and in combination in a xenograft model of HNSCC. However, we saw no evidence of improved efficacy with an HDACI / PI3KI combination. Importantly, we observed intratumoural HDAC inhibition and PI3K inhibition as assessed by histone H3 acetylation status and phospho-AKT staining respectively. Finally, further studies indicated that the PI3KI/mTOR inhibitor, BGT226, could significantly enhance cisplatin or taxane-induced cytotoxicity in HNSCC cell lines in vitro.This study indicates, for the first time, that new generation clinically relevant PI3K and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors possess antitumour effect against SCC in vivo. These findings provide a rational basis for pursuing clinical trials of PI3KIs in HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2559
S46 The Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is Significantly Higher in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease - a Study from a Single UK Renal Centre
Authors: AW Seccombe, P Ferguson, J Baharani
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Along with known associations with coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke, there is increasing evidence to demonstrate a link between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is also growing evidence to suggest that intensive treatment of CKD can improve or even eliminate symptoms related to OSA. So far though, there is no evidence to support the association between OSA and CKD in a UK population. Our study aimed to quantify the risk of OSA in different severities of CKD for the first time in the UK Our secondary aim was to look for factors that increased or decreased this risk, including medications. <h3>Methods</h3> Using the renal database, 60 patients each at CKD stage 3b, 4 and 5, haemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients were identified, matched for age and sex and sent the Berlin questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire. The Berlin questionnaire was used to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups for OSA. We used the lifestyle questionnaire along with up-to-date laboratory investigations to investigate variables that altered this risk within our sample. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 300 patients who were contacted, 111 (37%) responded. Of the 111 respondents, 78 (70.2%) were found to be at high-risk of OSA. This significant increase in risk was seen in all severities of CKD that were examined including in CKD 3b (80.8%). In contrast to the general population, where OSA is more common in men, our study found that 77.1% of women were at high-risk of OSA compared to 65.1% of men. We also found that renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) were associated with a reduced risk of OSA with 66.1% of users being at high risk compared to 74.5% of non-users. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study is the first to demonstrate the link between OSA and CKD in a UK population, a link that holds for milder forms of CKD. We noted that RASI use helped to reduce the risk of OSA, thus identifying a possible medical treatment for OSA in patients with CKD. Further study will clarify the importance of this treatment.
Improving antiangiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of curcumin by biodegradable polymeric micelles
Authors: Changyang Gong, Senyi Deng, Qinjie Wu, Mingli Xiang, Xiawei Wei, Ling Li, Xiang Gao, Bilan Wang, Lu Sun, Yishan Chen, Yuchen Li, Lei Liu, Zhiyong Qian, Yuquan Wei
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
DOSE DEPENDANT EFFECTS OF N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND INFLAMMATORY MARKER IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Jang-Young Kim, Sang-Woo Han, Jungkyung Sung, NamSeok Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Young-Jin Youn, Byung-Su Yoo, Junghan Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyung-Hoon Choe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Relationship Between Neointimal Thickness and Shear Stress After Wallstent Implantation in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Jolanda J. Wentzel, Rob Krams, Johan C. H. Schuurbiers, Jan A. Oomen, Jeroen Kloet, Willem J. van der Giessen, Patrick W. Serruys, Cornelis J. Slager
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —In-stent restenosis by excessive intimal hyperplasia reduces the long-term clinical efficacy of coronary stents. Because shear stress (SS) is related to plaque growth in atherosclerosis, we investigated whether variations in SS distribution are related to variations in neointima formation. Methods and Results —In 14 patients, at 6-month follow-up after coronary Wallstent implantation, 3D stent and vessel reconstruction was performed with a combined angiographic and intravascular ultrasound technique (ANGUS). The bare stent reconstruction was used to calculate in-stent SS at implantation, applying computational fluid dynamics. The flow was selected to deliver an average SS of 1.5 N/m 2 . SS and neointimal thickness (Th) values were obtained with a resolution of 90° in the circumferential and 2.5 mm in the longitudinal direction. For each vessel, the relationship between Th and SS was obtained by linear regression analysis. Averaging the individual slopes and intercepts of the regression lines summarized the overall relationship. Average Th was 0.44±0.20 mm. Th was inversely related to SS: Th=(0.59±0.24)−(0.08±0.10)×SS (mm) ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These data show for the first time in vivo that the Th variations in Wallstents at 6-month follow-up are inversely related to the relative SS distribution. These findings support a hemodynamic mechanism underlying in-stent neointimal hyperplasia formation.
Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres
Authors: P De Vuyst, P Dumortier, GM Swaen, JC Pairon, P Brochard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The group of man-made mineral or vitreous fibres (MMMFs or MMVFs) includes glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, glass filaments and microfibres, and refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs). Experimental observations have provided evidence that some types of MMVF are bioactive under certain conditions. The critical role of size parameters has been demonstrated in cellular and animal experiments, when intact fibres are in direct contact with the target cells. It is, however, difficult to extrapolate the results from these studies to humans since they bypass inhalation, deposition, clearance and translocation mechanisms. Inhalation studies are more realistic, but show differences between animal species regarding their sensibility to tumour induction by fibres. Fibre biopersistence is an important factor, as suggested by recent inhalation studies, which demonstrate positive results with RCF for fibrosis, lung tumours and mesothelioma. There is no firm evidence that exposure to glass-, rock- and slag wool is associated with lung fibrosis, pleural lesions, or nonspecific respiratory disease in humans. Exposure to RCF could enhance the effects of smoking in causing airways obstruction. An elevated standard mortality ratio for lung cancer has been demonstrated in cohorts of workers exposed to MMVF, especially in the early technological phase of mineral (rock slag) wool production. During that period, several carcinogenic agents (arsenic, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)) were also present at the workplace and quantitative data about smoking and fibre levels are lacking. It is not possible from these data to determine whether the risk of lung cancer is due to the MMVFs themselves. No increased risk of mesothelioma has been demonstrated in the cohorts of workers exposed to glass-, slag- or rock wool. There are in fact insufficient epidemiological data available concerning neoplastic diseases in RCF production workers because of the small size of the workforce and the relatively recent industrial production.
ABC of vascular diseases. Convalescent problems in arterial surgery.
Authors: S R Smith, J H Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Successful bilateral femorocrural grafts have maintained this patient's independence, but the general practitioner must be aware of problems that may _ develop during convalescence.Early postoperative complications Progression of distal disease.The femoropopliteal graft remained patent butthe distal popliteal artery had occluded and most of theflow was into the proximal popliteal artery.Some patients are unable to stop smoking even during the postoperative period of an operation to save a limb.This patient knocked his cigarette ends on to the floor in his haste to hide the evidence.Many of the patients who have problems after arterial reconstruction present to the general practitioner rather than to the vascular follow up clinic.Most can be managed satisfactorily at home, but a few require readmission to hospital.Serious problems are not common; modern vascular surgery should provide trouble free rehabilitation for many who would otherwise be incapacitated.Modern anaesthetic techniques such as epidural cannulation for pain relief enable rapid early recovery, particularly after aortic reconstruction.This-combined with the current pressure on surgical beds-has resulted in the earlier discharge of patients.On their return home the patients often complain of severe tiredness, and this natural response to an operation requires explanation and reassurance.By the nature of the disease, however, myocardial ischaemia is always a threat, and tiredness is one of the prodromal symptoms.Many patients are already receiving treatment for hypertension and angina before their operations, and procedures on the carotid, aortic, and renal arteries may alter the amount of antihypertensive treatment that the patients require; but optimal control may not be achieved until they are settled at home.Patients with unrecognised or latent disease-for example, diabetes -may be discharged taking new drugs.Antiplatelet drugs are commonly prescribed for patients who have had reconstructions of small arteries.The rationale is that inhibition of platelet aggregation prevents their deposition on the surfaces of thrombogenic grafts and may help prevent neointimal hyperplasia.These drugs seem to help synthetic graft patency in the femoropopliteal segment but the evidence for increasing patency of autogenous vein is less convincing.After operations on the carotid artery lifelong treatment is often recommended, and aspirin 300 mg daily is effective in most patients.After embolectomy aspirin is also indicated when the source of the embolus was a thrombus that occurred in the wall ofa vessel after an infarct.When the origin was a fibrillating atrium the patient should be treated with anticoagulants unless there is a specific contraindication. SmokingThere is now substantial evidence that continued smoking is associated with premature graft failure.Most patients manage to stop smoking while in hospital only to relapse at home.Encouragement to refrain should be directed not only towards the patient but also towards others in the family.
526. Conditionally Replicative Adenoviruses Designed to Restore Defects in the p53 Pathway for Effective Virotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Victor W. van Beusechem, Danielle A.M. Heideman, Jan E. Carette, Martin Scheffner, Ramon Alemany, Winald R. Gerritsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) are designed to selectively destroy cancer cells by lytic replication. Clinical trials with CRAds demonstrated their safety but also showed that their potency needs to be improved. One parameter determining the potency of CRAds is their capacity to induce cancer cell death causing virus progeny release. Defects in p53-dependent cell death in cancer cells appear to delay this step. Previously, we showed that expression of wild-type p53 from a CRAd genome augmented CRAd oncolytic potency against cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells in vitro and xenograft tumors in vivo (Cancer Res. 62:6165, 2002; Cancer Res. 64:5753, 2004).
The Invisible Pollution
Authors: David P. Rall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The first industrial revolution, based on processing and reshaping familiar materials, brought profound changes, benefits, and problems to the world. It caused massive pollution that was often dangerous, usually visible, and easily apparent. This pollution of the environment occurred 150 years before "pollution" and "environment" were words taught in kindergarten. It was ugly, and it was obvious. A new industrial revolution, based on the chemical-process industry, creates totally new chemicals synthesized from simple precursors. These chemicals, ranging from drugs to pesticides to plastics and artificial materials of all kinds, have vastly enriched all our lives. The pollution created by this . . .
Physiology of Venous Return from the Foot
Authors: J. M. Pegum, W. G. Fegan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Measurements of the pressures in the deep and superficial veins of the foot during walking and other types of exercise indicate that compression of the deep veins by the contraction of the plantar muscles or by the weight of the body pumps blood along the perforating veins into the superficial veins.
Topical anaesthesia in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Authors: S Y Chuah, C P Crowson, M W Dronfield
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Most upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Britain is performed in sedated patients' and the need for topical pharyngeal anaesthesia is not established-some studies showing benefit,2 others not.3 'This uncertainty is reflected in clinical practice, a recent postal survey showing that 63% of endoscopists use pharyngeal anaesthesia regularly, 20% not at all, and the rest sometimes.'We have tested the value of pharyngeal anaesthesia in a double blind placebo controlled study in patients sedated with intravenous midazolam having upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Fatal Lymphoma after Transplantation of Cultured Thymus in Children with Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Authors: Michael S. Borzy, Richard Hong, Sheldon D. Horowitz, Enid Gilbert, Donald Kaufman, Wanderly DeMendonca, Vivi-Anne Oxelius, Michael Dictor, Lauren Pachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

A fatal, widespread, polyclonal, B-cell immunoblastic lymphoproliferative disorder developed in three children with combined immunodeficiency shortly after intra-abdominal transplantation of cultured thymus epithelium for immunoreconstitution. All three had surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells (15 to 20 per cent) in the peripheral blood before transplantation and polyclonally elevated immunoglobulins afterward. Abnormal immunoregulation was demonstrated by a lack of concanavalin A-induced suppressor-cell activity in mixed leukocyte culture in all three patients before transplantation and in two afterward. We suggest that the transplant acted as a promoter through immunostimulation or production of promoter factors, and that excessive polyclonal B-cell proliferation resulted because of inadequate immunoregulatory mechanisms. Although this complication occurred in only three of 30 patients with various forms of immunodeficiency treated with cultured thymus, these cases illustrate a potential problem in immunoreconstitution of combined immunodeficiency disorders.
Neuropathology of Vision: An Atlas
Authors: J. Reimer Wolter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An outstanding neuropathologist with special interest in ophthalmology, an ophthalmologist with lifelong devotion to neuropathology, and another ophthalmologist with great experience in neurology have combined their efforts to produce an atlas that deals with the neuropathology of all structures of the central nervous system that have to do directly with the process of vision. In six chapters, cases are presented that allow for the demonstration of virtually all morphologically known disease processes that may involve the optic nerve head, the orbital optic nerve, the intracranial optic nerve, the chiasm, the optic tract, the lateral geniculate body, the optic radiation, and the calcarine cortex. Clinical history and findings are given with each case report, but the emphasis rests on the morphological observations. A multitude of superb illustrations is the greatest asset of this book. Each chapter also offers much basic anatomical information. Extensive explanations and comments by the authors guide the
Intracranial aneurysm surgery and its future
Authors: M J Tait, J S Norris
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Mr Maurice-Williams and Mr Lafuente (November 2003 JRSM1) must be congratulated for their erudite account of issues arising during the senior author's long and august career in neurovascular surgery. However, in the wake of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT2) we believe their views regarding the future mode of treatment of intracranial aneurysms to be somewhat ill-founded.
Skull Infarction in a Patient with Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: CONRAD E. NAGLE, SHAMIL J. MORAYATI, MARC A. LeDUC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The authors describe a case of a skull infarction initially suspected to be an isolated, remote metastasis in a patient diagnosed with soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Osseous malignant fibrous histiocytoma has been reported to occur within a bone infarction but the presence of a benign bone infarction remote from a soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma has not been reported previously. Bone infarctions and malignant fibrous histiocytomas are briefly reviewed.