tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXPLORATION OF CONTRALATERAL RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXERTIONAL MEDIAL TIBIAL PAIN IN WOMEN
Authors: R Verrelst
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background There is a significant lack of studies looking into the role of contralateral factors in the kinetic chain of subjects predisposed to exertional medial tibial pain (EMTP). Design Hip muscle strength and 3D kinematic parameters during a single leg drop jump (SLDJ) were prospectively evaluated. Setting Subjects were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed throughout one or two years. Participants 81 healthy female physical education students, were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed throughout 1 or 2 years. Risk factor assessment Cox regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors for the development of EMTP. Main outcome measurements It was hypothesized that in a subject predisposed to EMTP, differences in contralateral factors can be determined when compared to subjects not predisposed to EMTP. Results After exclusion of subjects with diagnosed bilateral EMTP, 11 subjects were included in the EMTP-group. The leg not at risk for EMTP within EMTP-predisposed subjects was compared with an uninjured leg of the control group. Analysis of the isokinetic data did not reveal altered hip muscle strength parameters for the leg not at risk within EMTP-subjects. However, increased accessory movement in the transverse plane for the contralateral knee during landing phase, was found to be a significant predictor (P=.012) for EMTP. Conclusions Impaired DJS or accessory movement was found in the transverse plane of the contralateral lower leg of subjects who developed EMTP, which may speculate that this factor contributed to altered movement patterns within the kinetic chain function of the subjects who developed EMTP. No contralateral decreased isokinetic hip muscle strength was found to be a significant predictor for EMTP in this study.
Prehospital tracheal intubation in severely injured patients: a Danish observational study
Authors: E. F. Christensen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

decrease in the proportion undergoing surgery.With the advent of milder cases the difference in the risk of end points between surgically and conservatively treated patients must be larger than if the cases were more balanced.However, the effects of surgery on these mild cases must be expected to be less than those on the more severe cases in our study.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model to Predict the Length of Survival in Patients With Carcinomas of an Unknown Primary Site
Authors: Stéphane Culine, Andrew Kramar, Mahasti Saghatchian, Roland Bugat, Thierry Lesimple, Alain Lortholary, Yacine Merrouche, Agnès Laplanche, Karim Fizazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To identify clinical and biologic variables with significant impact on survival in patients with carcinomas of an unknown primary site and to develop a simple prognostic model for the selection of patients in prospective clinical trials.Univariate and multivariate prognostic factor analyses were conducted in a population of 150 unselected patients and led to the construction of two successive classification schemes. An external data set of 116 patients enrolled onto two prospective trials was used for validation.When studying clinical variables only, poor performance status (2 or 3) and presence of liver metastases were retained in the multivariate analysis. The first classification scheme consisted of three subgroups of patients with median survivals of 10.8, 6.0, and 2.4 months, according to the number of adverse prognostic factors. With the introduction of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in a further step, liver metastases were no longer significant. The second classification scheme therefore included poor performance status (relative risk [RR], 2.1) and elevated serum LDH level (RR, 2.1). Good-risk and poor-risk patients were identified, with median survivals of 11.7 months and 3.9 months, respectively (P <.0001). The 1-year survival rates were 45% and 11%, respectively. This second classification scheme was validated in an external data set: the median survival rates of patients assigned to the good-risk group and the poor-risk group were 12 months and 7 months, respectively (P =.0089). The 1-year survival rates were 53% and 23%, respectively.A simple prognostic model using performance status and serum LDH levels was developed and validated. It allows the assignment of patients into two subgroups with divergent outcome. Further prospective trials will be designed using this prognostic model.
Endogenous ouabain-like factor predicts progression toward heart failure in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maria V. Pitzalis, Paolo Manunta, Massimo Iacoviello, Elisabetta Messaggio, Cinzia Forleo, Roberta Romito, Viviana De Luca, Giuseppe Bianchi, Paolo Rizzon, Elisabetta De Tommasi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Adenovirus-mediated mda-7 (IL24) gene therapy suppresses angiogenesis and sensitizes NSCLC xenograft tumors to radiation
Authors: Takashi Nishikawa, Rajagopal Ramesh, Anupama Munshi, Sunil Chada, Raymond E Meyn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7), recently classified as interleukin-24 (approved gene symbol IL24), is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene based on the loss of its expression in many different types of cancer. Gene therapy by adenovirus-mediated mda-7 (Ad-mda7) gene transfer has been shown to inhibit the growth of several different tumor cell lines, in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated that Ad-mda7 radiosensitized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines by enhancing an apoptosis pathway through the activation of JNK and c-Jun. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of intratumoral administration of Ad-mda7 combined with ionizing radiation for treating A549 xenograft tumors in nude mice. Substantial and long-lasting inhibition of tumor growth was evident following the combined treatment. Histological examination revealed marked reduction of angiogenic factors (bFGF, VEGF) and microvessel density and enhanced apoptosis in the tumors treated with the combination therapy compared to those treated with Ad-mda7 alone or radiation alone. To confirm the radiosensitizing effect of secreted MDA-7 protein, we performed clonogenic survival assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), A549 cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts, CCD16 cells, pretreated with the conditioned medium from 293 cells that had been stably transfected with mda-7 or a control vector. The results showed that MDA-7 protein sensitized HUVECs to ionizing radiation but not A549 cells or CCD16 cells. Our results suggest that Ad-mda7 in combination with radiation enhances apoptosis in the tumors and that secreted MDA-7 protein inhibits angiogenesis by sensitizing endothelial cells to ionizing radiation without affecting other normal cells. We conclude that the combination of mda-7 gene therapy and radiotherapy may be a feasible and effective strategy for treatment of NSCLC.
Glucagon and Shock
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Whatever its physiologic role in normal glucose metabolism, glucagon now occupies center stage alongside insulin in the pathophysiologic drama of diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, it steals the show. The excess of glucagon, which invariably accompanies diabetic ketoacidosis, may play as important a part in causing gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, and lipolysis as does the lack of insulin. Gerich and his associates<sup>1</sup>observed that ketoacidosis was delayed for 18 hours after insulin withdrawal in seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients whose glucagon secretion had been suppressed by somatostatin. By contrast, ketoacidosis supervened within ten hours of insulin deprivation when glucagon secretion was not inhibited. Clearly, in this stressful complication of diabetes, glucagon emerges as a villain whose misdeeds, it is hoped, will be prevented by somatostatin or its as yet untested analogs. Hyperglucagonemia also occurs in stressful conditions that are related not to diabetes, but to shock. A number of investigators have published reports on
HEMIPLEGIA IN A YOUNG CHILD, FOLLOWED LATER BY LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA
Authors: W. Calwell
Journal: BMJ (1922)

IlEATIPLEGIA FOLLOWED BY LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.r Erine contained much glucose, acetone, and aceto-acetic acid.Condition improved slightly, but pyrexia continued; signs at bases of both lungs.Ten days later pati nt became comatose an-d died.Po'st mortvtr exnmination showved purtilent prostatitis, septic bronchopneumonia, and slight macroscopic changes in pancreas, sections of whiclh are being cut.Case 3.-Male, aged 25.Admitted uinder Dr. R. A. Young, September, 1921, for thirst and loss of weight.Much sugar, acetone, and aceto-acetic acid in urine.Patient refused strict diet andl was eveintually discharged unimproved.(02t I7 t. 'O .~~~. .\ \j.O4OHA.
Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among foreign-born persons living in the United States by country of origin
Authors: Kris V. Kowdley, Chia C. Wang, Sue Welch, Henry Roberts, Carol L. Brosgart
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Estimates of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the United States differ significantly, and the contribution of foreign-born (FB) persons has not been adequately described. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of FB persons in the United States living with CHB by their country of origin. We performed a systematic review for reports of HBsAg seroprevalence rates in 102 countries (covering PubMed from 1980 to July 2010). Data from 1,373 articles meeting inclusion criteria were extracted into country-specific databases. We identified 256 seroprevalence surveys in emigrants from 52 countries (including 689,078 persons) and 1,797 surveys in the general populations of 98 countries (including 17,861,035 persons). Surveys including individuals with lower or higher risk of CHB than the general population were excluded. Data were combined using meta-analytic methods to determine country-specific pooled CHB prevalence rates. Rates were multiplied by the number of FB living in the United States in 2009 by country of birth from the U.S. Census Bureau to yield the number of FB with CHB from each country. We estimate a total of 1.32 million (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.61) FB in the United States living with CHB in 2009; 58% migrated from Asia and 11% migrated from Africa, where hepatitis B is highly endemic. Approximately 7% migrated from Central America, a region with lower CHB rates, but many more emigrants to the United States. This analysis suggests that the number of FB persons living with CHB in the United States may be significantly greater than previously reported. Assuming 300,000-600,000 U.S.-born persons with CHB, the total prevalence of CHB in the United States may be as high as 2.2 million.
THE RELATION OF METHEMOGLOBIN TO THE CYANOSIS OBSERVED AFTER SULFANILAMIDE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Irwin Vigness, C. J. Watson, W. W. Spink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

We have stated in a preliminary report that the cyanosis observed in individuals treated with sulfanilamide is due to methemoglobin, and rarely, to sulfhemoglobin (1).We recognized at the time that attempts had been made to explain the presence of cyanosis on a different basis.. Mar- shall and Walzl (2) maintained that a black pig- ment derived from sulfanilamide, and present in the blood, was the cause of this cyanosis.A similar explanation was advanced by Ottenberg and Fox (3).They described the phenomenon of a bluish-purple pigment resulting when a colorless sulfanilamide solution was exposed to ultra violet light.We have confirmed this photochemical change of sulfanilamide.The results of our in- vestigation are in agreement with those of Hart- mann and his associates who showed that the cyanosis was related to methemoglobin formation and that methylene blue administered to cyanotic patients caused a disappearance of the cyanosis and a reduction in the concentration of methemoglobin (4).At this time we desire to present further evi- dence that the cyanosis is due solely to the pres- ence of methemoglobin, and in rare instances, to sulfhemoglobin.We have also included the re- sults of a study of individuals receiving sulfa- pyridine.Spectral distribution curves were obtained with the spectrophotometer, using normal human blood and the bloods of patients to whom sulfanilamide or sulfapyridine was being admin- istered.In initiating such a study, we believed that if any pigment other than methemoglobin that might cause cyanosis were present, it would be detected in the spectral distribution curves.
727. Improvements in Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in a Phase I Study of AAV-GAD Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Michael G. Kaplitt, David Eidelberg, Andrew Feigin, Helen Fitzimmons, Patricia Lawlor, Kristin Strybing, Marie Cox, Chris Tang, Ross Bland, Matthew J. During
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by difficuly initiating movements (bradykinesia), muscular rigidity and tremor. This is associated with pathologically increased activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the downstream globu pallidus interna (GPi) leading reduced activity of pre-motor cortex (PMC). To normalize this pattern of activity, the STN was injected unilaterally with an adeno-associated virus vector expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase (AAV-GAD) in 12 patients with advanced PD, while the untreated side served as a control. GAD is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the normal brain. Patients were divided into 3 groups of 4, and each group receiving 35μl of 1011(low), 3x1011(middle) or 1012(high-dose) packaged genomes/ml. All 12 patients have now been followed for 6 months. There have been no study-related adverse events. 2 patients had high neutralizing antibody titers prior to surgery, but there was no change in titers in any patient following treatment. Using the standard Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), there was an overall significant reduction in total UPDRS at 6 months compared with preop (p<0.01); this was mostly due to a roughly 35% improvement in the side contralateral to the treated side (p<0.02) with no signficant change in the other side. There appeared to be a dose effect, as the low dose group had only a slight reduction while the high dose group averaged nearly 50% reduction in UPDRS. Functional brain activity, as measured by glucose PET, showed similar changes. Pathological hypermetabolism of GPi was significantly reduced on the treated side of the brain (p<0.001) while PMC activity correspondingly increased with a highly significant correlation (r-0.78,P<0.00) with improvements in clinical ratings in a dose-dependent fashion. The control side showed no significant metabolic improvement in either area. Follow-up to 12 months in all patients is currently ongoing. This is the first trial of in vivo gene therapy for an adult neurodegenerative disorder, and the safety and efficacy profile seen to date suggests that future, more definitive studies are warranted. Dr. Kaplitt and During are paid consultants to and have financial interests in Neurologix, Inc. Drs. Fitzimmons and Bland are employees of Neurologix, Inc.
Hong Kong hospital takes first step towards integrated medicine
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A public hospital in Hong Kong has launched a pilot project to use a combination of Western and traditional Chinese medicine to treat patients with five chronic conditions. 

At the end of September Kwong Wah Hospital will make 110 beds available for inpatients to be treated simultaneously by Western and Chinese medical practitioners for diabetic foot; nausea and weakened immunity from chemotherapy; post-stroke convulsions; chronic pain; and allergic rhinitis.

The integrative medicine team comprises eight practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, mostly retired professors from mainland China, and seven doctors, including an orthopaedic surgeon, a …
Functional mitral stenosis in patients with massive mitral annular calcification.
Authors: L E Osterberger, S Goldstein, F Khaja, J B Lakier
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Mitral insufficiency with mitral annular calcification occurring predominantly in elderly females has been described. We studied six patients with mitral diastolic obstruction associated with mitral annular calcification without stenosis of the mitral leaflets. Three were males and three were females, aged 43-77 years. All had significant diastolic gradients across the mitral valve (mean gradient 16 mm Hg) recorded at catheterization. Two patients had aortic and three had mitral valve replacement. No patient had retraction of the mitral leaflets, diffuse thickening or fusion of the commissures at surgery or pathologic examination. Three patients had severe mitral insufficiency, one associated with voluminous prolapsing mitral leaflets and one as a result of ruptured chordae tendineae. The left ventricle was dilated in three patients, two with mitral regurgitation and one with mixed aortic valve disease. Active mitral annular motion is a normal event and is necessary for normal valvular function; severe calcification of the ring interferes with its normal diastolic relaxation and this alone may explain the holodiastolic mitral gradient found in these patients.
The Dandelion Effect: Treat the Whole Lawn or Weed Selectively?
Authors: Minesh Mehta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

postoperative amifostine / chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Is there evidence for radioprotection? Strahlenther Onkol 179:385-389, 2003 8. Buentzel J, Micke O, Adamietz IA, et al: Intravenous amifostine during chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer: A randomized placebo-controlled phase III study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:684-691, 2006 9. Haddad R, Sonis S, Posner M, et al: Randomized phase 2 study of concomitant chemotherapy using weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel with or without daily subcutaneous amifostine in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer 115:4514-4523, 2009 10. Hey J, Setz J, Gerlach R, et al: Effect of cisplatin on parotid gland function in concomitant radiochemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75:1475-1480, 2009 11. Eisbruch A, Kim HM, Terrell JE, et al: Xerostomia and its predictors following parotid-sparing irradiation of head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50:695-704, 2001 12. Rudat V, Munter M, Rades D, et al: The effect of amifostine or IMRT to preserve the parotid function after radiotherapy of the head and neck region measured by quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy. Radiother Oncol 89:71-80, 2008 13. Braaksma M, Levendag P: Tools for optimal tissue sparing in concomitant chemoradiation of advanced head and neck cancer: subcutaneous amifostine and computed tomography-based target delineation. Semin Oncol 29:63-70, 2002 (6 suppl 19) 14. Brizel DM, Murphy BA, Rosenthal DI, et al: Phase II study of palifermin and concurrent chemoradiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 26:2489-2496, 2008 15. Finch PW, Rubin JS: Keratinocyte growth factor expression and activity in cancer: Implications for use in patients with solid tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:812-824, 2006 16. Feng FY, Kim HM, Lyden TH, et al: Intensity-modulated chemoradiotherapy aiming to reduce dysphagia in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: Clinical and functional results. J Clin Oncol 28:2732-2738, 2010 17. Bonner JA, Harari PM, Giralt J, et al: Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med 354:567-578, 2006 18. Pryor DI, Porceddu SV, Burmeister BH, et al: Enhanced toxicity with concurrent cetuximab and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 90:172-176, 2009 19. Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, et al: Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med 363:24-35, 2010
An integrated assessment framework for climate change and infectious diseases.
Authors: N Y Chan, K L Ebi, F Smith, T F Wilson, A E Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Many potential human health effects have been hypothesized to result either directly or indirectly from global climate change. Changes in the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely cited potential effects of climate change, and could have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts. These changes in disease incidence would be mediated through biologic, ecologic, sociologic, and epidemiologic processes that interact with each other and which may themselves be influenced by climate change. Although hypothesized infectious disease effects have been widely discussed, there have not yet been thorough quantitative studies addressing the many processes at work. In part this is because of the complexity of the many indirect and feedback interactions or mechanisms that bear on all aspects of the climate issue. It also results from the difficulty of including the multitude of always-changing determinants of these diseases. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated assessment of the impacts of climate change on infectious diseases. The framework allows identification of potentially important indirect interactions or mechanisms, identification of important research gaps, and a means of integrating targeted research from a variety of disciplines into an enhanced understanding of the whole system.
The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study
Authors: Melinda C Power, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Jaime E Hart, Olivia I Okereke, Francine Laden, Marc G Weisskopf
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether higher past exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with prevalent high symptoms of anxiety. <b>Design</b> Observational cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Nurses’ Health Study. <b>Participants</b> 71 271 women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study residing throughout the contiguous United States who had valid estimates on exposure to particulate matter for at least one exposure period of interest and data on anxiety symptoms. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Meaningfully high symptoms of anxiety, defined as a score of 6 points or greater on the phobic anxiety subscale of the Crown-Crisp index, administered in 2004. <b>Results</b> The 71 271 eligible women were aged between 57 and 85 years (mean 70 years) at the time of assessment of anxiety symptoms, with a prevalence of high anxiety symptoms of 15%. Exposure to particulate matter was characterized using estimated average exposure to particulate matter &lt;2.5 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and 2.5 to 10 μm in diameter (PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>) in the one month, three months, six months, one year, and 15 years prior to assessment of anxiety symptoms, and residential distance to the nearest major road two years prior to assessment. Significantly increased odds of high anxiety symptoms were observed with higher exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> for multiple averaging periods (for example, odds ratio per 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in prior one month average PM<sub>2.5</sub>: 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.19; in prior 12 month average PM<sub>2.5</sub>: 1.15, 1.06 to 1.26). Models including multiple exposure windows suggested short term averaging periods were more relevant than long term averaging periods. There was no association between anxiety and exposure to PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>. Residential proximity to major roads was not related to anxiety symptoms in a dose dependent manner. <b>Conclusions</b> Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) was associated with high symptoms of anxiety, with more recent exposures potentially more relevant than more distant exposures. Research evaluating whether reductions in exposure to ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> would reduce the population level burden of clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety is warranted.