tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of iatrogenic electrocardiographic patterns during electrophysiologic studies.
Authors: M Akhtar, A N Danato, C J Gilbert-Leeds, W P Batsford, C P Reddy, J A Gomes, A H Calon, M S Dhatt
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Indwelling cardiac catheters by producing local mechanical stimulation or trauma can induce electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns which simulate known electrophysiologic phenomena. Catheter-induced ECG patterns were analyzed in 447 consecutive patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies. Iatrogenic nature of these patterns was suggested by 1) absence prior to placement of catheter; 2) sudden appearance with catheter placement and disappearance with catheter repositioning; 3) reoccurrence with remanipulation of catheters; and 4) simulation (in some cases) by programmed electrical stimulation from the catheter. Common catheter-induced patterns were 1) right bundle branch block (RBBB) lasting less than 24 hours occurred in 19 patients; 2) transient third degree atrioventricular block in His-Purkinje system developed in 3/13 patients with pre-existing left BBB; 3) catheter-induced ventricular pre-excitation which simulated ECG patterns of type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; 4) fortuitous synchronization of right ventricular excitation from the catheter, and left ventricular excitation from sinus beat resulted in normalization of the QRS complexes in 5/68 patients with pre-existing RBBB; 5) premature beats from the atria, right ventricle, and His bundle, which were common, resulted in complex ECG patterns. These iatrogenic ECG patterns must be identified in order to avoid errors in interpretation.
Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the management of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: V. GOULDEN, M.J.D. GOODFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a 7-year-old girl with extensive toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and neutropenia who was successfully treated using recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Our patient had extensive epidermal loss and neutropenia, both indicators of a poor prognosis, but none the less made a rapid and complete recovery.
The Importance of Differentiating Gelsolin Isoforms
Authors: Po-Shun Lee, Aaron Waxman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

4. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:S221–S247. 5. O’Brien RJ, Spigelman M. New drugs for tuberculosis: current status and future prospects. Clin Chest Med 2005;26:327–340. 6. Nuermberger EL, Yoshimatsu T, Tyagi S, Williams K, Rosenthal I, O’Brien RJ, Vernon AA, Chaisson RE, Bishai WR, Grosset JH. Moxifloxacin-containing regimens of reduced duration produce a stable cure in murine tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:1131–1134.
BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Charles A. Schiffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 28-year-old woman with recently diagnosed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) presents for consideration of appropriate treatment. No siblings are available as candidate donors for stem-cell transplantation. Imatinib, an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase present in almost all CML, is recommended. The patient may need to take imatinib indefinitely to maintain suppression of abnormal bone marrow clones.
Increased Expression of Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Human Atrial Fibrillation and a Cellular Model of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Chia-Ti Tsai, Fu-Tien Chiang, Chuen-Den Tseng, Juey-Jen Hwang, Kuan-Ting Kuo, Cho-Kai Wu, Chih-Chieh Yu, Yi-Chih Wang, Ling-Ping Lai, Jiunn-Lee Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Integration-deficient Lentiviral Vectors: A Slow Coming of Age
Authors: Klaus Wanisch, Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Lentiviral vectors are very efficient at transducing dividing and quiescent cells, which makes them highly useful tools for genetic analysis and gene therapy. Traditionally this efficiency was considered dependent on provirus integration in the host cell genome; however, recent results have challenged this view. So called integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) can be produced through the use of integrase mutations that specifically prevent proviral integration, resulting in the generation of increased levels of circular vector episomes in transduced cells. These lentiviral episomes lack replication signals and are gradually lost by dilution in dividing cells, but are stable in quiescent cells. Compared to integrating lentivectors, IDLVs have a greatly reduced risk of causing insertional mutagenesis and a lower risk of generating replication-competent recombinants (RCRs). IDLVs can mediate transient gene expression in proliferating cells, stable expression in nondividing cells in vitro and in vivo, specific immune responses, RNA interference, homologous recombination (gene repair, knock-in, and knock-out), site-specific recombination, and transposition. IDLVs can be converted into replicating episomes, suggesting that if a clinically applicable system can be developed they would also become highly appropriate for stable transduction of proliferating tissues in therapeutic applications. Lentiviral vectors are very efficient at transducing dividing and quiescent cells, which makes them highly useful tools for genetic analysis and gene therapy. Traditionally this efficiency was considered dependent on provirus integration in the host cell genome; however, recent results have challenged this view. So called integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) can be produced through the use of integrase mutations that specifically prevent proviral integration, resulting in the generation of increased levels of circular vector episomes in transduced cells. These lentiviral episomes lack replication signals and are gradually lost by dilution in dividing cells, but are stable in quiescent cells. Compared to integrating lentivectors, IDLVs have a greatly reduced risk of causing insertional mutagenesis and a lower risk of generating replication-competent recombinants (RCRs). IDLVs can mediate transient gene expression in proliferating cells, stable expression in nondividing cells in vitro and in vivo, specific immune responses, RNA interference, homologous recombination (gene repair, knock-in, and knock-out), site-specific recombination, and transposition. IDLVs can be converted into replicating episomes, suggesting that if a clinically applicable system can be developed they would also become highly appropriate for stable transduction of proliferating tissues in therapeutic applications.
A reduced dose of ribavirin does not influence the virologic response during pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Byung Chul You, Young Seok Kim, Hun il Kim, Se Hun Kim, Seung Sik Park, Yu Ri Seo, Sang Gyune Kim, Se Whan Lee, Hong Soo Kim, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, Boo Sung Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

When combined with pegylated interferon alpha-2b (Peg-IFN α-2b) for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Korea, the current guideline for the initial ribavirin (RBV) dose is based on body weight. However, since the mean body weight is lower for Korean patients than for patients in Western countries, current guidelines might result in Korean patients being overdosed with RBV.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with genotype 1 CHC who were treated with Peg-IFN α-2b and RBV combination therapy. We divided the patients into groups A (≥15 mg/kg/day, n=23) and B (<15 mg/kg/day, n=26), given that the standard dose is 15 mg/kg/day. The clinical course in terms of the virologic response, adverse events, and dose modification rate was compared between the two groups after therapy completion.The early response rates (92.0% vs. 83.3%, P=0.634) and sustained virologic response rates (82.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.506) did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the treatment period, the RBV dose reduction rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (60.9% vs. 23.1%, P=0.01).RBV dose reduction is performed frequently when patients are treated according to the current Korean guidelines. Given that lowering the RBV dose did not appear to decrease the virologic response during therapy, reducing RBV doses below the current Korean guideline may be effective for treatment, especially in low-weight patients.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cardiac Structure and Ventricular–Vascular Function in Persons With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction From Olmsted County, Minnesota”
Authors: Carolyn S.P. Lam, Véronique L. Roger, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Barry A. Borlaug, Steve R. Ommen, Margaret M. Redfield, Francesca Bursi, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Controversies on the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to ischemic injury: the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to ischemic injury is decreased
Authors: D Feuvray
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Controversy exists as to whether the diabetic heart is more or less sensitive to ischemic injury. Although a considerable number of experimental studies have directly determined the effects of ischemia on the diabetic heart, there is still no general agreement as to whether metabolic changes within the myocardium contribute to the severity of ischemic injury. This paper reviews the evidence suggesting that the diabetic heart can actually be less sensitive to an episode of severe ischemia. Possible reasons for this decreased sensitivity to injury are discussed, which include a decreased accumulation of glycolytic products during ischemia (lactate and protons), as well as alterations in the regulation of intracellular pH in the diabetic heart. Based on existing studies, we suggest that although impaired glucose metabolism in the diabetic heart contributes to injury in hypoxic hearts or in hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia, diabetes-induced decreases in glycolysis can actually be beneficial to the diabetic heart during and following a severe ischemic episode. A decreased clearance of protons via the Na+/H+ exchanger may also contribute to the decreased sensitivity to ischemic injury in the diabetic heart.
Brazil puts emergency medical plan into action
Authors: K. Morales
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An emergency medical plan has been put in place after floods and mudslides struck three cities in the mountainous area north of Rio de Janeiro.

In what is thought to be the greatest natural disaster in Brazil’s history, more than 640 people have died and at least 10 000 have lost their homes.

Field hospitals were built two days after the disaster and are being coordinated by health personnel from the navy, …
Perceiving abstract concepts
Authors: Katja Wiemer-Hastings, Arthur C. Graesser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The meanings of abstract concepts depend on context. Perceptual symbol systems (PSS) provide a powerful framework for representing such context. Whereas a few expected difficulties for simulations are consistent with empirical findings, the theory does not clearly predict simulations of specific abstract concepts in a testable way and does not appear to distinguish abstract noun concepts (like truth ) from their stem concepts (such as true ).
THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON THE INFECTIVITY OF AIR-BORNE INFLUENZA A VIRUS (PR8 STRAIN)
Authors: William Lester
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

White mice were exposed to atmospheres containing known amounts of atomized influenza A virus (PR8 strain) of constant potency under conditions of varying humidity. It was found that an amount of atomized virus suspension which produced a 100 per cent mortality rate in animals exposed at 30 and 80 per cent relative humidity, respectively, resulted in the death of only 22.5 per cent of mice at a humidity of 50 per cent. The humidities between these values gave intermediate results. The infectivity of the air-borne virus decreased so rapidly at a humidity of 50 per cent that it was impossible to secure a 100 per cent mortality rate in the exposed mice even by greatly increasing the dose of virus atomized. The use of a dialyzed virus suspension at a humidity of 50 per cent resulted in the death of all exposed mice. This suggested that the deleterious influence of humidity was related to the presence of sodium chloride in the atomized suspension. These findings with influenza virus closely resembled those obtained by Dunklin and Puck with pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci which would suggest that the factor responsible for the lethal effect of humidity is common to moist particles containing either the above-mentioned bacteria or influenza A virus.
A piece of my mind. Painful lessons
Authors: M. P. McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Case of a Tooth Impacted in the Left Bronchus: Gangrene of the Left Lung: Death
Authors: J. S. Warrack
Journal: BMJ (1899)

XANTITETANIN IN TETANUS.[MTHE BTIIS 40I them, however, the deformity has continued to progress more especially in the direction of elevation of the trochanters, which are now about half an inch above N6laton's line, with the result that the left leg is in each case shorter than the one operated on.
An assessment of the effect of photo-chemotherapy (PUVA) and UV-B phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: K.J.A. KENICER, T. LAKSHMIPATHI, H.A. ADDO, B.E. JOHNSON, W. FRAIN-BELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

We have shown that it is possible to produce a satisfactory clinical response with a low UV-A dosage regime in approximately one-third of patients with widespread chronic psoriasis. UV-B phototherapy is as effective initially, but the improvement is not as well maintained as that resulting from photochemotherapy (PUVA). However, in view of the probability that unwanted side effects of PUVA are related to the amount of UV-A irradiation administered, it would seem appropriate to restrict the use of the higher dosage regimes to selected patients and to those who have not responded to an initial low dosage regime or to UV-B phototherapy.
Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia Treated with Methyltestosterone and Fresh Platelets
Authors: Joseph A. Bellanti
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IDIOPATHIC aplastic anemia is a commonly fatal disease which is characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of bone marrow and resultant pancytopenia in the peripheral blood. Usually death is caused by thrombocytopenic bleeding or infection, although in some instances acute leukemia may ensue. In children, aplastic anemia may be produced by certain drugs, toxins, and metals, or may be associated with multiple congenital anomalies, but many cases are of unknown etiology and are classified as "idiopathic." Cortisone and its analogues may be useful in controlling bleeding in this dyscrasia, but these agents have no effect on the basic disease and their hemostatic effects are temporary.<sup>1</sup>In the past few years, transfusions of fresh blood and platelet concentrates have been used to control bleeding and antibiotics to control infection, but remissions have been rare and few lives have been spared by these measures. Recently, Shahidi and Diamond<sup>2</sup>have induced marrow
Differential mechanisms in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis versus inflammatory bowel disease in interleukin-2Rα−/− mice
Authors: Willy Hsu, Weici Zhang, Koichi Tsuneyama, Yuki Moritoki, William M. Ridgway, Aftab A. Ansari, Ross L. Coppel, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Ian Mackay, M. Eric Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor α knockout (IL-2Rα−/−) mice have a deficiency of CD25 and a corresponding functional defect in T regulatory cells (Tregs). These mice spontaneously develop portal inflammation with biliary ductular damage and colitis with features similar to human inflammatory bowel disease with T cell infiltrates in both the liver and colon. In humans, inflammatory bowel disease may be accompanied by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), but seldom primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We hypothesized that the effector mechanism responsible for T cell infiltrates would differ for colon versus liver. To address this thesis, we developed three colonies of double-knockout mice including IL-2Rα−/− CD4−/−, IL-2Rα−/− CD8−/−, and IL-2Rα−/− T cell receptor (TCR)-β−/−. Tissue immunopathology, body weight, and serum levels of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were assayed at 3 months of age. Relative to IL-2Rα−/− mice, IL-2Rα−/− CD4−/− mice had increased biliary ductular damage but reduced inflammation in the colon. In contrast, IL-2Rα−/− CD8−/− mice had increased colon inflammation but markedly attenuated biliary ductular damage. Both IL-2Rα−/− CD4−/− and IL-2Rα−/− CD8−/− mice demonstrated elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) compared with C57BL/6J controls, but only IL-2Rα−/− CD8−/− mice had increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), AMA and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Finally, and of importance, IL-2Rα−/− TCR-β−/− mice had abrogation of liver and colon pathological conditions and lacked AMA. In conclusion, on loss of Treg function in mice, CD8 T cells mediate biliary ductular damage whereas CD4 T cells mediate induction of colon-specific autoimmunity. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:133-140.)
Sputum viscosity: correlation with chemical and clinical features in chronic bronchitis
Authors: M. T. Lopez-Vidriero, J. Charman, E. Keal, D. J. De Silva, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Lopez-Vidriero, M.T., Charman, J., Keal, E., de Silva, D. J., and Reid, L. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 401-408. <b>Sputum viscosity: correlation with chemical and clinical features in chronic bronchitis.</b> A series of out-patient chronic bronchitics with severe airways obstruction was studied monthly over a five-month period from December 1970 to May 1971; volume, pourability, viscosity, and chemical constituents of sputum, the patients9 FEV<sub>1·0</sub>/VC%, and viral antibodies were measured. Mucoid sputum showed a highly significant correlation between pourability grade and viscosity. The mean coefficient of variation for each feature studied was between 13 and 17% for pulmonary function tests and between 25 and 44% for sputum estimations. Significant inverse correlations were found between sputum volume and viscosity, dry weight yield, neuraminic acid (NANA), and fucose, and a positive correlation with FEV<sub>1·0</sub>/VC%. Linear correlations showed that mucoid sputum dry weight yield correlated with NANA and fucose concentrations, viscosity with NANA, dry weight, and fucose, in ascending order of significance. Mucopurulent sputum viscosity correlated to a much less degree with NANA. Second order partial correlation coefficients showed that for mucoid sputum viscosity was affected equally by dry weight and fucose but not by NANA: for mucopurulent sputum fucose was twice as influential as dry weight while NANA showed an inverse correlation with viscosity (probably because of degradation of NANA). Taking all patients and samples together, a significant inverse correlation was found between sputum viscosity and absolute values of FEV<sub>1·0</sub> and FEV<sub>1·0</sub>/VC%, and between FEV<sub>1·0</sub>/VC% and NANA. Seven patients showed considerable monthly changes in sputum viscosity, NANA, and fucose concentrations, which were high in December and in February or March, coinciding with peaks in atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide. No patient showed any evidence of viral infection.
Circulating Cardiac Troponin I in Severe Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Emile Missov, Charles Calzolari, Bernard Pau
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Spontaneous progression of severe congestive heart failure is structurally characterized by cellular degeneration and multiple foci of myocardial cell death. The cardiac muscle isoform of troponin I is uniquely expressed in the adult human myocardium, and an increase in its circulating levels is highly indicative of myocardial injury. Accordingly, we addressed the usefulness of cardiac troponin I as a sensitive and specific molecular marker of congestive heart failure in patients with severely reduced left ventricular performance.A new generation single-step immunoenzymoluminometric assay with high analytical sensitivity was used to assess cardiac troponin I in patients with severe congestive heart failure, healthy blood donors, and hospitalized control subjects without known cardiac disease. The cardiac troponin I concentration (mean+/-SEM) was 72.1+/-15.8 pg/mL in heart failure patients and 20.4+/-3.2 and 36.5+/-5.5 pg/mL in healthy and hospitalized control subjects, respectively (P<.01 versus heart failure patients). When both control groups were considered, the mean cardiac troponin I level was 25.4+/-2.9 pg/mL (P<.01 versus heart failure patients). Creatine kinase MB mass and myoglobin concentrations remained within the normal range in all groups.These data (1) provide the first evidence for ongoing myofibrillar degradation and increased cardiac troponin I levels in patients with advanced heart failure and (2) show potential usefulness of cardiac troponin I as a specific and sensitive new serum marker molecule in severe congestive heart failure.
What is an altruistic action?
Authors: Marco Perugini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Rachlin's argument rests on his definition of an altruistic action. Three main features characterize this definition: An altruistic act (1) always has a negative value, (2) is a subset of self-controlled actions, and (3) is meaningful only in the context of repeated interactions. All three features are highly questionable.