tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
418. rAAV-Mediated Expression of Adiponectin Receptor (AdipoR2) cDNA in Muscle Prevents the Development of Obesity in DIO Rats
Authors: George Aslanidi, Stanislav Shklayev, Erik Kohlbrenner, Vadim Kroutov, Glenn Walter, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Sergei Zolotukhin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The adiponectin (Acrp30) is a fat-derived hormone that acts as antidiabetic adipokine. Previously, it had been successfully used to prevent the development of obesity in rodent model (PNAS 2003, v.100, p.14217–14222). The adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, are members of a novel, GPCR-like family of receptors that, upon activation by the ligand, stimulate fatty-acid oxidation and glucose uptake in the liver and muscle. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of gene therapy of obesity by the adiponectin receptor AdipoR2 cDNA delivered via rAAV1 vector. The rate of body weight (BW) gain and insulin-enhancing effect were tested in diet-induced obese (DIO, Levin's rat) rodent model fed high fat (60%) diet. We have shown that single intramuscular injection of 6x10e12 physical particles of the vector resulted in sustained (up to 160 days) statistically significant (p=0.001) reduction in BW. Distribution of white fat was measured by MRI, intramyocellular (IMCLs) and hepatocellular (HepCLs) lipids composition were monitored by MRS. The endocrine status of the treated rats was assessed using simultaneous multi-analyte detection protocol (LUMINEX), while the ip Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) was applied to measure the ability of treated rats to withstand glucose challenge. The molecular mechanisms of weight-maintenance resulted from AdipoR2 transgene expression were investigated by assaying downstream signal transduction pathways via AMPK and PPAR-alpha activation. Our data demonstrate the therapeutic physiological effect of the BW reduction mediated by the ectopic expression of adipokine receptor AdipoR2.
Ethnic differences in lung function in Israeli children.
Authors: H Roizin, A Szeinberg, E Tabachnik, M Molho, S Benzaray, A Augarten, D Har-Even, Z Barzilay, J Yahav
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--The population of Israel consists of immigrants from many different countries. It is not known whether a single nomogram can be used for spirometric values of children of different ethnic descent. METHODS--Spirometry was performed in 753 second or third generation Israeli children (7-14 years) of different ethnic groups. Both parents of 503 of the children were of the same ethnic background. Subjects were allocated to six ethnic groups (European, Iraqi, North African, Indian, Yemenite, and Georgian). RESULTS--Standing height contributed most to the prediction of spirometric values (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity), whereas sitting height did not contribute further. Statistical analysis showed significant ethnic differences. The Georgians had higher spirometric values for FEV1 than all the other ethnic groups, and higher FVC values than those of the Yemenite, North African, and Indian groups. FVC was lower among the Indian than all other groups. CONCLUSION--Differences in normal spirometric values were found among second or third generation Israeli children of different ethnic origins. European, North African, Iraqi, and Yemenite children could be characterised by single equation, whereas children of Georgian and Indian descent needed different predicting equations.
Closing the gap between T-cell life span estimates from stable isotope-labeling studies in mice and humans
Authors: Liset Westera, Julia Drylewicz, Ineke den Braber, Tendai Mugwagwa, Iris van der Maas, Lydia Kwast, Thomas Volman, Elise H. R. van de Weg-Schrijver, István Bartha, Gerrit Spierenburg, Koos Gaiser, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Becca Asquith, Rob J. de Boer, Kiki Tesselaar, José A. M. Borghans
Journal: Blood (2013)
Fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration patterns in Roxbury, Massachusetts: a community-based GIS analysis.
Authors: J I Levy, E A Houseman, J D Spengler, P Loh, L Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Given an elevated prevalence of respiratory disease and density of pollution sources, residents of Roxbury, Massachusetts, have been interested in better understanding their exposures to air pollution. To determine whether local transportation sources contribute significantly to exposures, we conducted a community-based pilot investigation to measure concentrations of fine particulate matter (particulate matter < 2.5 microm; PM(2.5)) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Roxbury in the summer of 1999. Community members carried portable monitors on the streets in a 1-mile radius around a large bus terminal to create a geographic information system (GIS) map of concentrations and gathered data on site characteristics that could predict ambient concentrations. Both PM(2.5) and PAH concentrations were greater during morning rush hours and on weekdays. In linear mixed-effects regressions controlling for temporal autocorrelation, PAH concentrations were significantly higher with closer proximity to the bus terminal (p < 0.05), and both pollutants were elevated, but not statistically significantly so, on bus routes. Regressions on a subset of measurements for which detailed site characteristics were gathered showed higher concentrations of both pollutants on roads reported to have heavy bus traffic. Although a more comprehensive monitoring protocol would be needed to develop robust predictive functions for air pollution, our study demonstrates that pollution patterns in an urban area can be characterized with limited monitoring equipment and that university-community partnerships can yield relevant exposure information.
Multiple Halothane Exposure and Hepatic Bromsulphthalein Clearance
Authors: J. F. Biebuyck, S. J. Saunders, G. G. Harrison, A. B. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Multiple exposures to halothane have been shown to have delayed effects on bromsulphthalein (B.S.P.) clearance. Rats were exposed to repeated halothane anaesthetics, and their livers were subsequently isolated and perfused. B.S.P. retention in the perfusate of these isolated livers was greatly increased one to three weeks after the last halothane exposure. In similarly pretreated animals at the same time period the B.S.P.-glutathione conjugating enzyme activity in homogenates of the livers was found to be depressed. These findings did not occur after multiple diethyl ether exposures or following a single exposure to halothane.
Criteria for the Clinical Application of the "Two-Step" Exercise Test
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Significant coronary artery disease may exist in a patient despite a normal resting electrocardiogram and a  history. A standardized 2-step exercise is recommended as a simple diagnostic test of ischemic heart disease. This master test was applied to 596 subjects whose resting electrocardiograms were normal. In 277 the electrocardiograms after exercise were classified as normal by criteria developed by the authors, and from 1952 to 1961, 96.8% of this negative group remained free from clinical evidence of heart disease. In the other 319, electrocardiograms after exercise showed various types of depressions of the RS-T segment below the isolectric line. The significance of these changes and other criteria was evaluated. It is concluded that 95% of patients with significant coronary disease show abnormalities of the electrocardiogram after exercise which satisfy the criteria set forth by the authors.
Impaired type‐1 activity and increased NK cells in Gleich's syndrome
Authors: J. L. García‐Abujeta, D. Martín‐Gil, M. Martín, R. López, A. Suárez, F. Rodríguez, J. Jerez, M. López‐Hoyos
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: An altered production of cytokines has been described in Gleich's syndrome. Our aim was to study the cytokine production at the single‐cell level in a patient with Gleich's syndrome and to determine whether it changed during a flare episode. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from a 30‐year‐old woman diagnosed with Gleich's syndrome before and during the subsequent flare of edema of trunk and arms and weight gain. The major lymphoid subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+) and natural killer (NK) cells were measured by flow cytometry. Cytokine‐producing T cells (IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and IL‐4) were quantified in whole blood by intracellular staining with specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry analysis after polyclonal stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and ionomycin. Results: Increased numbers of immature CD4+CD8+ T cells and NK cells were observed in peripheral blood during the asymptomatic period. The latter population significantly decreased during the flare. Type‐1 cells were decreased in both asymptomatic and, more markedly, during the attack with respect to healthy subjects. Conclusions: The decreased type‐1 response demonstrated in this patient might be the basis of the hypereosinophilia of Gleich's syndrome. Besides, the NK cells might play a role in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory episodes.
ON THE PATHOLOGY OF PHTHISIS PULMONALIS AND ITS LARYNGEAL COMPLICATIONS.
Authors: CARL SEILER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the Philadelphia Pathological Society, at its semi-annual Conversational Meeting, Oct. 22, 1883.] In bringing the much discussed subject of the pathology of phthisis again before the Society an apology is perhaps owing which will be found in the renewed interest whch the investigations of Koch in the ætiology of this disease have aroused. It is, however, not the purpose of this paper to discuss the bacillus theory of tuberculosis nor to enter in detail into the pathology of phthisis. The main object is to sketch the laryngeal complications of phthisis, and point out their difference from those noticed in tuberculosis. This can, however, not well be done without first considering, in a general way, the differences between the two diseases themselves, and I will, therefore, in a few words relate my individual views on this subject—views which are not quite in accord with those of many of the
Response to Comment on Hedderson et al. Prepregnancy SHBG Concentrations and Risk for Subsequently Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1296–1303
Authors: Monique M. Hedderson, Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We appreciate the comment by Stefan et al. (1) on our recent article (2). We agree that HOMA-IR is not the ideal method to assess insulin resistance and a more dynamic test, e.g., a frequently sampled 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, would have been more precise. Without this more accurate assessment, it is difficult to …
Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. II. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in rheumatoid synovial effusions.
Authors: W D Xu, G S Firestein, R Taetle, K Kaushansky, N J Zvaifler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

A liquid culture technique was used to study 23 synovial fluids (SF) (21 from inflammatory joint diseases and 2 noninflammatory SF) and supernatants of two cultured rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues for colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The proliferative responses of human peripheral blood macrophage-depleted non-T cells treated with synovial fluids, supernatants of synovial tissue explants, and recombinant granulocyte-macrophage (rGM)-CSF were compared. Aggregates of cells that formed in long-term cultures (15 d) were similar for each applied agent and consisted of macrophages, eosinophils, and large blasts. Tritiated thymidine incorporation was proportional to the concentration of rGM-CSF and was accompanied by an increase in number and size of cellular aggregates formed in the cultures. CSF activity was observed in inflammatory SF, with tritiated thymidine uptake of 3,501 +/- 1,140 cpm in the presence of RA samples (n = 15) compared to 1,985 +/- 628 for non-RA inflammatory SF (n = 7) (P less than 0.05) and 583 +/- 525 for medium (n = 6) (P less than 0.01). The proliferative response to RA SF was often more apparent when the samples were diluted, because at higher concentrations the RA SF was inhibitory. Two RA SF were fractionated by Sephadex G100 column chromatography; low levels of CSF activity were detected in fractions corresponding to Mr of 70-100 kD, but the major CSF activity was found in the 20-24-kD fractions. A polyclonal rabbit anti-GM-CSF antibody eliminated the stimulating activity from both rGM-CSF and RA SF. Finally, a specific RIA identified significant levels of GM-CSF (40-140 U/ml) in the culture supernatants of 3 additional RA synovial tissues. These data document the local production of GM-CSF in rheumatoid synovitis and are the first description of this cytokine at a site of disease activity.
Percutaneous Needle Nephrostomy
Authors: A. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1970)

liary basis?If equipment is left in a house under such circumstances where does the equipment come from for the next patient or the next three or four patients all within 24 hours?We are told that general practitioners "treat many of such patients at home with satisfactory and safe results."Those of us with experience of coronary care units know that the arrest case cannot be anticipated.We know that a few lives are saved.I doubt if these lives would be saved under the treatment at home methods encouraged by Dr. Fry.They require more than just a trained nurse or technician sitting at the bed side.
NICE to rule on influenza flu drug zanamivir
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The British pharmaceutical industry will start to move out of Britain if the government makes the environment antagonistic to its interests, Sir Richard Sykes, chairman of GlaxoWellcome, predicted on Monday.

Sir Richard's comments, on BBC Radio Four's Today programme, came after it was reported that the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) was about to recommend to the health secretary, Frank Dobson, that his company's new influenza drug zanamivir (Relenza), should not be available on the NHS.

Sir Richard said that his company was not threatening to pull out of Britain, but he warned: “If [the government] continues to make the environment antagonistic to this industry then obviously it will start to move elsewhere. It is something which needs to be taken into consideration.” He added that although 94% of his company's business was abroad, about 50% of its research work was conducted in Britain.

His remarks suggest that there will be a savage …
[10] THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TARIBAVIRIN PLUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2a VERSUS RIBAVIRIN PLUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2a IN THERAPY-NAIVE PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HCV: PHASE 3 RESULTS
Authors: P. Marcellin, Y. Lurie, M. Rodrigues-Torres, R. Chasen, Y. Xu, B. Murphy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Health authority appeals on screening negligence
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

East Kent Health Authority is to appeal against a High Court ruling which the Department of Health believes could threaten the cervical screening programme throughout Britain. Backed by the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA), the health authority is seeking to overturn a judgment in which it was found negligent in classifying four cervical slides taken from three women as negative.

Stephen …
The Evolution, Implications, and Applications of the Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Harvey J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that there are 200,000 new cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection annually in the United States. Approximately 25% of patients have overt disease and about 10,000 require hospitalization; 1% to 2% of those hospitalized die during the acute phase of their disease. Of those infected, 5% to 10% (10,000 to 20,000 per year) become chronic HBV carriers, adding to the approximately 800,000 hepatitis B carriers in the United States alone. Among these carriers, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma will develop in some; HBV infection is a major cause of nonalcoholic cirrhosis, and the CDC estimates that there are almost 4,000 deaths per year from cirrhosis among chronic HBV carriers. It has also been estimated that hepatitis B, in terms of hospitalization, other medical expenses, and time lost from work, costs the US economy $750 million per year. Recognizing that the United States is
The Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS) Registry Study
Authors: Anthony R. Scialli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Some population-based studies of the risks of gestational medication use are limited by differential recall or enrollment of mothers of children with abnormalities. Prospective acquisition of exposure information, before knowledge of pregnancy outcome, is the most unbiased manner in which to obtain denominator-based outcome information. The Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS) Registry Study will prospectively evaluate pregnancy outcomes in relation to exposures to asthma medications. Patients will be enrolled by participating Teratology Information Services. Information regarding medication exposure, asthma severity, and other important medical events will be assessed during pregnancy by means of standardized interviews, supplemented by medical records. Outcome information will be obtained from copies of the pediatric records. Data analysis will evaluate relative risks of adverse outcomes in exposed compared with unexposed asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:S373-6.)
Dyserythropoiesis in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In making a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome, it is important to be aware of the numerous causes of myelodysplasia other than a hemopoietic neoplasm. Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) is one of the many causes of dyserythropoiesis. This composite photograph shows a histiocyte containing leishmania (top left), a binucleate erythroblast (top right), a trinucleate erythroblast (bottom left) and abnormal erythroblasts showing, respectively, a detached nuclear fragment and four nuclei in an erythroblast that also shows basophilic stippling (bottom right). Other abnormalities that were present included cytoplasmic bridging and binucleated cells with nuclei of unequal size. The reticulocyte count may be inappropriately low in patients with leishmaniasis with erythroid hyperplasia, indicating that erythropoiesis is ineffective as well as morphologically dysplastic. Since parasites may be infrequent, it is important to carry out a diligent search when confronted with cytopenia and dyserythropoiesis in a person who has resided in or visited a country where this parasite is endemic. Observation of the “double dot” appearance of the nucleus and kinetoplast (top left) helps in identification of Leishmania donovani. Organisms may be identified extracellularly, as a result of cell rupture, as well as within macrophages. The bone marrow in leishmaniasis may show other abnormal features including increased plasma cells, a diffuse increase in histiocytes, hemophagocytosis, and granuloma formation.
Induction of basal lamina formation in epidermal cell cultures in vitro
Authors: PATRICIA R. MANN, HILARY CONSTABLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Guinea-pig epidermal cells were grown on 2 types of rat collagen substrate. The cells showed the same sort of differentiation as occurs in cells growing on rigid plastic. In addition, basal lamina formed patchily at the interface with collagen. If the collagen was eroded away the basal lamina also disappeared.
EMPYEMA OF ANTRUM SIMULATING CARIES OF TEETH; AND A SIMPLE METHOD OF TRANSILLUMINATION.
Authors: HENRY G. OHLS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

About one year ago I had occasion to examine an antrum, in a case where severe pains in the distribution of the right facial nerve, with tenderness over the malar prominence indicated the probability of empyema. The classical symptom of pus escaping from the hiatus semilunaris and visible on the outer surface and lower edge of the middle turbinated was lacking. A competent dentist had diagnosed an inflammation of the dental nerves of the first and second right upper molars and had made several applications through the root canals to destroy the nerves. Failing at last to relieve the pain in that way, the first molar was extracted and after a few days more of treatment and terrific pain, the second molar also was extracted with a large root abscess. Passing a strong curved probe into the antrum through the socket of the tooth, gave vent to about two drachms
Sodium Content of Water-Softened Water
Authors: Joseph F.X. McGarvey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Physicians are ever alert to problems of excess salt ingestion in patients with congestive heart failure. Sodium chloride is used to regenerate the synthetic ion-exchange resin in home water-softeners. The question often arises whether the sodium chloride so used can lead to a high sodium content in the water. Separate analysis of such water and normal tap water by flame photometer reveals that there are 8.5 mEq of sodium per liter in the water-softened water as opposed to no sodium in the ion-softened water. If the patient would drink one liter of water-softened water, he would be ingesting approximately 500 mg of sodium chloride. This is certainly a small amount but, needless to say, enough that the physician should consider it in the management of patients with intractable congestive heart failure.
Diverticulum of Jejunum
Authors: F. E. C. Devegney, H. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1942)

the duodenum, travelling to its destination in the substance of the transverse mesocolon, the alternative and less probable route being through the small intestine and ascending colon with perforation of the large gut at the site where it was found.COMMENTARY References in the literature to the site of foreign bodies in the respiratory and intestinal tracts at various intervals after ingestion gave only one example of a foreign body having perforated a hollow viscus to enter another organ.Prof. Ameline (1937) instances a woman aged 68 who accidentally swallowed a glass-headed pin.She was admitted to hospital 7 days later.There were no physical signs in the abdomen and no symptoms except a subjective sensation of the pin having become lodged in the stomach.Repeated radiographs confirmed that the pin had perforated the posterior gastric wall.Fifteen days after the accident gastrostomy was per- formed.The pin was found embedded in the posterior wall of the stomach, the point being fixed in the pancreas.It was removed and the patient recovered.In our case a history was obtained of the girl having previously swallowed other foreign bodies, but we could not get any information about the needles which caused her death.Of 17 cases recorded-I by Ameline (1937), 1 bv Kennedy (1935), and 15 by Jackson and Jackson (1936)-of ingestion of pins and needles, 9 were found in the bronchi, 2 in the pharynx, and 4 in the oesophaguis, while the remaining 2 were
Over-the-scope clip to close a fistula after removing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
Authors: J. Turner, J. Hurley, I. Ketchell, S. Dolwani
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding is indicated in patients with increased nutritional requirements, such as patients with cystic fibrosis [1]. Refractory gastrocutaneous fistulas are a recognised complication following PEG tube removal. We describe the case of a patient with a nonhealing gastrocutaneous fistula that was successfully closed using an over-the-scope clip (OTSC).
Suppression of neurite outgrowth of primary cultured hippocampal neurons is involved in impairment of glutamate metabolism and NMDA receptor function caused by nanoparticulate TiO2
Authors: Fashui Hong, Lei Sheng, Yuguan Ze, Jie Hong, Yingjun Zhou, Ling Wang, Dong Liu, Xiaohong Yu, Bingqing Xu, Xiaoyang Zhao, Xiao Ze
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)