tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Specificity and Sensitivity of Hemoccult and HemoQuant in Screening for Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: D J St John, G P Young, J G McHutchison, M C Deacon, M A Alexeyeff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To compare the Hemoccult II and HemoQuant tests regarding their specificity and sensitivity in screening for colorectal neoplasia. Design: Cross-sectional study in which subjects underwent the two tests in parallel, after excluding dietary hemes and peroxidase-rich foods. HemoQuant results were analyzed for three different upper limits of normality (1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mg/g feces). Setting: A university hospital and the surrounding community. Participants: A total of 150 healthy volunteers, 124 patients with colorectal cancer, and 86 patients with adenoma. Main Outcome Measures: Blinded comparison of the specificity and the sensitivity of the two tests for colorectal cancer and adenoma. Results: Test specificity was 99. 3% with Hemoccult and was 92.7%, 94.7%, and 97.3% with HemoQuant, depending on the cutoff point; differences between Hemoccult and HemoQuant were significant when cutoffs of 1.5 and 2.0 mg/g were used in HemoQuant testing (6.6% [95% Cl, 2.3 to 11.1] and 4.7% [Cl, 0.8 to 8.5], respectively). Test sensitivity for colorectal cancer at all sites was 89.5% with Hemoccult and was 83.1%, 74.2% and 62.9% with HemoQuant, for the 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/g cutoffs, respectively; differences were significant with the 2.0 and 3.0 mg/g cutoff points (6.4% [Cl, 6.7 to 24.0] and 26.6% [Cl, 17.4 to 35.9%], respectively). The two tests had similar levels of sensitivity for cancers proximal to the splenic flexure, but sensitivity was substantially lower with HemoQuant for the more distal cancers. For all adenomas, test sensitivity was 30.2% with Hemoccult and ranged from 45.4% to 22.1% with HemoQuant. Conclusions: Although HemoQuant provides a precise measurement of fecal heme and its porphyrin degradation products, the test's performance characteristics in the detection of colorectal neoplasia are less satisfactory than those of Hemoccult II, a qualitative test for the presence of heme.
Phase I trial of irofulven (MGI 114) plus docetaxel in advanced cancers
Authors: F. R. Ahmann, S. Culine, G. Wilding, K. Papadopoulos, H. Raftopoulos, L. Duvillie, G. Weems, C. Puzon, A. Shah, C. Terret
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2042 Background: Irofulven (IROF), a semisynthetic derivative of the natural product illudin S, is a novel DNA binding agent that has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients (pts) with a variety of solid tumors and is being evaluated in phase II trials in various solid tumors. IROF in combination with docetaxel (TXT) in preclinical models has demonstrated enhanced anticancer effects. These findings led us to design a phase I trial of an IROF/TXT combination, including PK characterization. Methods: This was a multicenter Phase I trial to evaluate safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a 30-min IROF infusion followed by a 60-min TXT infusion in pts with advanced cancers. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was the dose level (DL) below which ≥ 2/6 pts had dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Initially, IROF was given on Days 1 and 15 with TXT given on Day 1 of a 28-day cycle (schedule A, SchA). Due primarily to treatment-limiting neutropenia observed with SchA, pts later received both IROF and TXT on Days 1 and 8 of an every 21-day cycle (schedule B, SchB). Plasma samples were collected for PK analysis of IROF and TXT on Cycle 1, Day 1. Results: As of Dec 2004, 31 pts have been treated (M/F: 24/7, median age 61 years, PS 0–2). Eight pts were treated on SchA (dose range: IROF 16 mg/m2 or 0.30 mg/kg; TXT 50 mg/m2) prior to amending the dosing schedule. Twenty-three pts were treated on SchB at 5 DLs: IROF (mg/kg)/TXT (mg/m2): 0.22/20 (4 pts, DL1), 0.30/20 (4 pts, DL2), 0.30/28 (3pts, DL3), 0.38/28 (6 pts, DL4), 0.38/35 (6 pts, DL5). The most common tumor types treated included prostate (8 pts), pancreas (5), rectal (3), and hepatic (3) carcinomas. Safety: SchA: Grade (G) 4 febrile neutropenia was seen in one pt. SchB: DLTs were G3 fatigue (1 pt) and G3 diarrhea (1pt) at DL5. Other frequently observed adverse events included G1–2 nausea, vomiting, fatigue and diarrhea. Efficacy: One pt with HRPC had a PSA response (77% reduction) over 4 cycles and another had SD over 6 cycles. Two pts (hepatic, ovarian) had SD through 4–5 cycles. A pt with pancreatic cancer had SD and a 66% reduction in CA19–9 over 6 cycles. Conclusions: Antitumor activity has been documented with the combination of IROF/TXT. The MTD has been reached at DL4 (0.38/28) and expansion of this DL is ongoing. PK data will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration MGI MGI MGI MGI
Skin Cancer’s Ranks Rise
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatigue as a Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ana Cristina Perez-Moreno, Pardeep S. Jhund, Michael R. Macdonald, Mark C. Petrie, John G.F. Cleland, Michael Böhm, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Lars Gullestad, John Wikstrand, John Kjekshus, James D. Lewsey, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Impairment of Plasmodium falciparum Growth in Thalassemic Red Blood Cells: Further Evidence by Using Biotin Labeling and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Kosol Yongvanitchit, Pongsri Tongtawe, Kalaya Tachavanich, Wanchai Wanachiwanawin, Suthat Fucharoen, Douglas S. Walsh
Journal: Blood (1999)
Enhancing chemotherapy for ovarian, breast and brain cancers by targeting protein translation with RNA interference
Authors: Liping Zhang, Xuan Xu, Hang Tran, Klara Armstrong, Beth Karlan, Daniel Scoles
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3754 

We have demonstrated that the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex subunit c (eIF3c) is overexpressed in subsets of ovarian and breast carcinomas and gliomas. EIF3c one of eleven subunits of the eIF3 complex and is required for the initiation of protein translation. Recently, eIF3 was shown to directly interact with mTOR, an activator of eIF4e, which is abnormally activated in many cancer types. Activation of mTOR also results in protein translation-mediated increases in the abundance of cyclin D1, which is prognostic in many cancers and is rate-limiting for the G1/S phase cell cycle transition. Inhibition of the PI3-kinase/mTOR pathway is known to increase the chemosensitivity of breast and ovarian carcinoma and glioma cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that therapies that target eIF3c downstream of mTOR will enhance chemotherapies used to treat these cancers. We first demonstrated that eIF3c overexpression increased protein translation in each of three cell lines used in this study, including MDA-MB-435s breast carcinoma, SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma, and U251MG glioblastoma cells. To do so, we co-transfected SV40-luciferase and increasing doses of eIF3c and conducted luciferase assays. SV40-Luciferase expression was linearly related to eIF3c expression demonstrating that eIF3c increased protein translation in the cells that we investigated. RNA interference was used to knock down eIF3c expression in MDA-MB-435s and SKOV3, and U251MG cell lines. We determined the resultant effects of eIF3c siRNA and six doses of doxorubicin (0-1000 nM) or cisplatin (0-40 μM) on proliferation by MTT assays. Two of three siRNAs were effective for depleting eIF3c in all cell lines. EIF3c siRNA inhibited proliferation of SKOV3 cells by ~20% regardless of cisplatin dose. EIF3c siRNA inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-435s cells by ~60%, essentially eliminating MDA-MB-435s proliferation regardless of doxorubicin dose. Inhibition of U251MG cell proliferation by eIF3c siRNA was most potent at low cisplatin doses (0-5 nM). EIF3c is an effective target for inhibiting the proliferation of ovarian, breast, and brain cancer cells caused by overactive protein translation. This study demonstrated at least additive reduction in the proliferation of SKOV3 or U251MG cells by the combined use of eIF3c siRNA and cisplatin, and that the combined use of eIF3c siRNA and doxorubicin was even more potent for inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-MB-435s cells. The development of therapeutics that target eiF3c could result in effective chemotherapy at lower drug doses and therefore could result in improved survival by women with breast or ovarian cancers, and patients with gliomas.
Comparison of Efficacy of Differing Partner-Assisted Skin Examination Interventions for Melanoma Patients
Authors: Rob Turrisi, Brittney Hultgren, Kimberly A. Mallett, Mary Martini, June K. Robinson
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Early detection of melanoma may improve survival. The present study continued research establishing that in-person training on skin self-examinations (SSEs) was significantly enhanced when delivered to patients with their partners present instead of to patients alone.To examine 3 alternative SSE training approaches that included partners compared with a treatment-as-usual control condition.A randomized clinical trial with 4- and 12-month follow-up visits was conducted at the clinical offices in the ambulatory care area of a hospital. The evaluable population included 494 patients with stage 0 to IIB melanoma and their skin check partners drawn from an electronic medical record melanoma registry and advertisements in large regional newspapers. The study was conducted from June 6, 2011, to April 14, 2014, and analysis was performed between December 4 and December 11, 2014.Pairs of patients and their partners were randomly assigned to (1) in-person intervention, (2) take-home booklet intervention, and (3) treatment-as-usual controls. An additional subgroup of patients received an electronic interactive tablet personal computer intervention. The MoleScore content was comparable across formats and consisted of demonstrations of the ABCDE (assess border, color, diameter, and evolution of pigmented lesions) rule and skills training.Outcomes were self-reported SSE of the total body as well as easy-to-see and difficult-to-see regions at baseline, 4 months, and 12 months.No significant differences in SSEs were observed between the 3 intervention conditions on all of the body areas; results for all 3 intervention conditions were significantly higher than for controls at 4- and 12-month follow-ups (all P < .05). Mean (SD) body areas examined by control pairs (n = 99) at 4 months (0.98 [1.17]) and 12 months (1.82 [1.43]) were significantly less compared with examination by pairs participating in all interventions at 4 months (workbook [n = 159], 2.68 [1.19]; in-person [n = 165], 2.66 [1.11]; and tablet [n = 71], 2.53 [1.17]) and at 12 months (workbook, 2.53 [1.25]; in-person, 2.59 [1.30]; and tablet, 2.34 [1.37]) (F6,674 = 15.60; P < .001; η2 = 0.12).The findings of the research support the sustainability and efficacy at 12 months of partner-assisted SSE interventions for early detection targeting individuals with a history of melanoma.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01432860.
Determination of IgE‐Containing Immune Complexes in Human Sera
Authors: R. Djurup, E. Kappelgaard, P. Stahl Skov, H. Permin, H. Nielsen
Journal: Allergy (1984)

We studied the polyethylene (PEC) precipitability of monomeric human IgE, and of human IgE artificially complexed with rabbit anti‐human IgE. At conditions where precipitation of monomeric IgE did not occur, from 0.2 to 20% of the complexed IgE was precipitated. The PEG precipitability of the complexes was inversely related to the IgE/anti‐IgE ratio used for preparation of the complexes. From 1.5 to 19.2% of the IgE in the redissolved precipitates could be detected by use of a two‐site IgE immunoradiometric assay, the percentage being highest for complexes formed at equivalence. We conclude that exact quantitation of circulating IgE immune complexes (IC) probably is impossible by any PEC precipitation assay. However, the optimized assay was found to be useful for identification of IgE IC in sera with total IgE concentrations below 5,000 U/ml. IgE IC were found in 5/20 sera from patients with Felty's syndrome, in 5/39 sera from patients with extrinsic allergy and high levels of specific IgE, and in 1/17 sera from immunized wasp allergies. No IgE IC were found in 20 normal human sera.
Projected Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction 11All editorial decisions for this article, including selection of referees, were made by a Guest Editor. This policy applies to all articles with authors from the University of California San Francisco.
Authors: Tracy A Lieu, R.Jan Gurley, Robert J Lundstrom, G.Thomas Ray, Bruce H Fireman, Milton C Weinstein, William W Parmley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Lawrason Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 August 1936THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSISLAWRASON BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.LAWRASON BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-2-147 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe marked decrease in the mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis is undoubtedly due to many causes. It is not, many hold, a true measure of the decrease of the morbidity of the disease. Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a very menacing cause of death to both sexes during the period of greatest bodily and mental activity. The keen desire for a cure for tuberculosis, a true therapia magna sterilisans, so widely spread at the beginning of the century, is now less evident. Some foundations and laboratories consider tuberculosis an unpromising field of endeavor and have left it largely to the clinicians and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saranac Lake, N. Y.*Presented at the Detroit meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 6, 1936. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTHE AMBULATORY TREATMENT OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS*JAMES A. WIER, ROBERT L. TAYLOR, RICHARD S. FRASER 1 August 1936Volume 10, Issue 2Page: 147-155KeywordsMorbidityMortality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 18819: Graded Benefit of EDTA Chelation in Post-MI Patients with Diabetes Treated with Different Hypoglycemic Strategies
Authors: Gervasio A Lamas, Esteban Escolar, Robin Boineau, Richard Nahin, Christine Goertz, Daniel Mark, Yves Rosenberg, Lauren Lindblad, Kerry Lee
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The NIH-funded Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) reported a clinical benefit of EDTA-based chelation on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in post-MI patients with diabetes (DM). We assessed the benefit of therapy by severity of diabetes. Methods: TACT, a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 X 2 factorial trial of EDTA chelation and high-dose vitamins, enrolled pts age &gt; 50 years with an MI at least 6 weeks prior and creatinine &lt; 2.0. Median duration of follow-up was 55 months. The primary endpoint was death from any cause, MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for angina. The major secondary clinical endpoint was cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke. The type of hypoglycemic therapy (insulin, oral, or none) was used as a surrogate for severity of diabetes. The log rank test and Cox model were used for treatment comparisons. This is a non-prespecified subgroup comparison. Results: TACT enrolled 1708 pts. Among the 633 (37%)with diabetes, 162 (26%) were on insulin, 301 (48%) not on insulin, but on oral hypoglycemic, and 170 (27%) on neither. For the overall subgroup of 633 pts with diabetes EDTA chelation significantly reduced the primary endpoint (HR 0.59 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.44-0.79, p&lt;0.001). For pts on insulin, the benefit was qualitatively greatest (HR 0.42 95% CI 0.25-0.74, p=0.002), compared with the effect on patients receiving oral hypoglycemic therapy (HR 0.66 95% CI 0.43-1.01, p=0.053), or none (HR 0.69 95% CI (0.39-1.20), p=0.19). For the key secondary endpoint, the best results were in the patients on insulin (HR 0.53) or on oral drugs (HR 0.54), whereas the smallest effect was seen in the patients on neither type of medication (HR 0.82). Conclusions: In post-MI pts with DM treated with standard therapies, the clinical benefit of EDTA-based chelation therapy was most pronounced among the patients with the most severe diabetes, those on insulin therapy. Additional work to understand mechanisms will be necessary.
Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons
Authors: Curtis D. Klaassen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The most trusted all-in-one overview of the biomedical and environmental aspects of toxicology - Now more complete, up-to-date, and in full color. It is a Doody's Core Title for 2015! New to the Eighth Edition Full-Color design to allow for a clearer interpretation of the basic components of toxicology featured throughout the text. Expanded tables, illustrations, and other visuals are updated with state-of-the-art standards that makes this edition even more current and relevant DVD with image bank features all tables and illustrations from the text in presentation-ready format. New Chapters include Toxic Effects of Calories and Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles. The world's leading and most authoritative textbook on poisons has more to offer students, toxicologists, and pharmacologists than ever before. Now in full color, and thoroughly revised, the eighth edition of Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons not only delivers a comprehensive review of the essential components of toxicology, it offers the most up-to-date, revealing, and in-depth look at the systemic responses of toxic substance available anywhere. Combined with the latest thinking by the field's foremost scholars plus solid coverage of general principles, modes of action, and chemical-specific toxicity, this landmark text continues to set the standard for toxicology references.
Remedies may contain cocktail of active drugs
Authors: B. I Vander Stricht, O. E Parvais, R. J Vanhaelen-Fastre, M. H Vanhaelen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

work on the evaluation of many traditional reme- dies.To proceed further, however, evidence is needed to confirm or refute what seems to be common sense, as well as to measure the size of any problem.In Walsall, we are conducting a descriptive study into the use of complementary and traditional therapies by ethnic groups and the reasons for their use.We will be looking particu- larly at the Asian community, but, given the diversity of available therapies used by this group, the task will not be straightforward.At least a study of this nature may help us to gauge its importance.Who knows, it may even be appro- priate for some health authorities to consider purchasing some types of alternative or comple- mentary medicine.
Effect of Serelaxin on Mode of Death in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: G. Michael Felker, John R. Teerlink, Javed Butler, Adrian F. Hernandez, Alan B. Miller, Gad Cotter, Beth A. Davison, Gerasimos Filippatos, Barry H. Greenberg, Piotr Ponikowski, Adriaan A. Voors, Tsushung A. Hua, Thomas M. Severin, Elaine Unemori, Marco Metra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 16651: Right Ventricular Effective Arterial Elastance is a Novel Predictor of Mortality in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
Authors: Emmanouil Tampakakis, Benjamin W Kelemen, Adam Shpigel, John Rickard, Peter J Leary, Edward K Kasper, David A Kass, Ryan J Tedford
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Patients with combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) have worse prognosis compared with isolated post-capillary (IpcPH). Because patients with CpcPH usually have more severe PH than IpcPH, it remains unclear if increased mortality is a result of pulmonary vascular pathology or simply due to higher total right ventricular (RV) load. RV effective arterial elastance [Ea; end-systolic pressure (ESP) /stroke volume (SV)] is a measure of total RV afterload, reflecting both resistive and pulsatile components. In PH, ESP is best approximated by systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), and therefore Ea is defined as SPAP/SV. Objectives: To evaluate if RV Ea predicts survival in PH-LHD and whether variables associated with pulmonary vascular pathology (pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), transpulmonary gradient (TPG), diastolic pulmonary gradient (DPG)) are predictors of mortality after controlling for total RV load. Methods: Out of 1236 p...