tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B12: The role of stromal cells in supporting tumor-initiating cells in serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Ali Hussain, Jocelyn Stewart, Elzbieta Hyatt, Benjamin Neel, Laurie Ailles
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract High grade serous ovarian carcinoma has been shown to be a highly heterogeneous disease. In vivo studies demonstrate that the tumor initiating frequency (TIF) varies substantially from case to case. Nonetheless, the tumor initiating subset remains a rare population within the epithelial compartment and can be enriched using the cell surface marker CD133 (Stewart et al., PNAS, 2011). The tumor microenvironment may play a role in supporting and maintaining tumor initiating cells (TIC) through direct and/ or indirect cross talk. The contribution of the mesenchymal component of the microenvironment may prove to be essential in providing such support as has been previously shown in studies on breast and prostate cancers. We hypothesize that cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) serve as a niche that supports and maintains the tumorigenic potential of TICs in SOC. We have derived and established CAF lines from bulk primary tumors and characterized their phenotype through immunostaining. Those lines stained positive for mesenchymal markers (Vimentin and Alpha-SMA), and stained negative for the epithelial marker Cytokertain. A profile of surface markers expressed on the surface of these CAF lines was then generated by running a flow cytometry-based high throughput screen (HTS) for 370 known cell surface proteins. Those markers are being validated for their specificity by immunostaining, FACS, qPCR, and in vivo work. Preliminary data obtained through immunoflourescnce and FACS support the specificity of our candidate stromal marker CD90. Furthermore, FACS data show that CD90 is expressed more brightly on fibroblasts than on epithelial cells (EpCAM+) in bulk SOC cases. Consequently, CD90 has been selected for sorting stromal cells for additional validation. Quantitative PCR analysis of CD90+EpCAM- sorted populations further validates their over-expression of mesenchymal genes when compared to CD90-EpCAM+ sorted populations. Moreover, functional validation of the influence of fibroblasts on the growth of tumor cells is currently being investigated through co-injection and co-culture assays. Preliminary data show that the presence of fibroblasts better supports the growth of epithelial colonies in culture than when compared to other conditions. Interplay between the niche and a specific subset of epithelial cells may promote those cells to become more tumorigenic. Such an interaction may be dependent on direct physical contact and/or indirect cross talk. Ultimately, we aim on understanding the mechanisms that govern these interactions. Citation Format: Ali Hussain, Jocelyn Stewart, Elzbieta Hyatt, Benjamin Neel, Laurie Ailles. The role of stromal cells in supporting tumor-initiating cells in serous ovarian carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
Localization of Intestinal Bleeding Using a Fusion of Tc-99m-Labeled RBC SPECT and X-ray CT
Authors: Naoya Yama, Eiri Ezoe, Yasutoshi Kimura, Mitsuhiro Mukaiya, Kenji Fujimori, Yoshihiko Kurimoto, Kazumitsu Koito, Koichi Hirata, Masato Hareyama, Yasufumi Asai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Although Tc-99m-labeled RBC SPECT is sensitive for detection of intestinal bleeding, it cannot provide a high degree of specific anatomic information. We present a case of intestinal bleeding in which a fused image composed of those from Tc-99m-labeled RBC SPECT and from x-ray CT revealed small intestinal bleeding with specific anatomic information. We believe that the fused image is useful for anatomic localization of gastrointestinal bleeding and helpful for surgical intervention.
Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography -- Assessing an Emerging Technology
Authors: Earl P. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Hardly a day goes by now without at least one story in a major newspaper about the importance of controlling soaring health care costs. The issue is not just the magnitude of health care spending or the rate of increase. There is also increasing skepticism about whether the American public is getting its money's worth, particularly from spending on new forms of technology. Despite this concern, the public and the medical profession remain enamored of the sometimes dazzling advances in medical technology. There is thus great reluctance to restrain the diffusion of expensive new techniques in their early stages of . . .
I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Uptake in a Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: ROBERT S. HAYWARD, C KEITH BOWERING, ROBERT S. WARSHAWSKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

We describe a patient with multicentric small bowel carcinoids, severe hypertension, primary hyperparathyroidism, and multiple parathyroid adenomas. Intense uptake of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) occurred in a parathyroid adenoma. There was no biochemical evidence of catecholamine secretion by the tumor but elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone were demonstrated. We suspect that occasional parathyroid adenomas, like other APUDomas, may give false positive results when MIBG imaging is used to search for pheochromocytomas. This observation supports the inclusion of the parathyroid chief cells in the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cell system.
Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Predicted by Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Pedro J. Modrego, Nicolás Fayed, Miguel A. Pina
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Mild cognitive impairment has been regarded as a pre-Alzheimer condition, but some patients do not develop dementia. Given the available therapies for Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis is of paramount importance. The authors' objective was to determine whether findings from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the hippocampus and other cortical areas would predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to probable Alzheimer's disease.A longitudinal inception cohort of 53 consecutive and incident subjects fulfilling the criteria of amnestic mild cognitive impairment was followed for a mean period of 3 years. At baseline, a neuropsychological examination (Mini-Mental State Examination, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, verbal fluency test, and memory tests) and standard blood tests were performed, and three cortical areas were examined by proton MRS: left hippocampus, right parietal cortex, and left occipital cortex. The patients were evaluated periodically to detect conversion to probable Alzheimer's disease. The statistical analysis of predictions was based on receiver operating characteristic curves.By the follow-up assessment that occurred on average after 3 years, 29 patients (55%) had developed probable Alzheimer's disease. An occipital cortex N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio < or =1.61 predicted dementia at 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity (area under the curve=0.91, 95% CI=0.80-0.97). The positive predictive value was 83%, and the negative predictive value was 100%, with an overall cross-validated classification accuracy of 88.7%. None of the values in the hippocampus and parietal cortex had significant predictive value.MRS of the brain performed on patients with mild cognitive impairment is a valuable tool in predicting conversion to probable Alzheimer's disease. Occipital values were more reliable than hippocampal values in this prediction.
Research Turns to Perhaps Overlooked Osteocytes in Efforts to Find Answers to Osteogenesis Puzzle
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A NEW PARADIGM of osteogenesis has emerged in recent years, and focused in the research spotlight is a "forgotten" group of cells, embedded in bone tissue, called osteocytes. Through studies that are just now taking shape, scientists hope to learn how these cells help bones sense and respond to mechanical use, and how hormones might regulate this tightly coordinated process. Bones bend under everyday use by microscopic amounts that scientists measure in units called microstrains. It is thought that bones regulate their mass so that there is a constant degree of bending under the strain of normal use, says Robert Recker, MD, professor of medicine and director of the Center for Hard Tissue Research, Creighton University School of Medicine. If a bone sense strain beyond this optimal degree of bending, it responds by building more bone, Recker says. Likewise, if a bone senses it is not bending enough, it tears
Urinary Tract Infections in Patients With Severe Renal Disease
Authors: William M. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Twelve patients with severe renal failure and intercurrent urinary tract infections were treated with either ampicillin trihydrate, 500 mg four times a day, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, two tablets (80 mg trimethoprim, 400 mg sulfamethoxazole) twice a day. All patients achieved bacteriologic cure, including six with proved upper tract infection. Serum levels of all drugs were increased to values above those seen in normal subjects without adverse effects. Urine concentrations of trimethoprim, 28.6μg/ml, and ampicillin, 88.6μg/ml, were well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of urinary pathogens. Urine sulfamethoxazole concentrations were less than 10μg/ml in four of the six patients treated; however, this did not hamper bacteriologic success. It is concluded that both drugs can be used to treat urinary tract infections in patients with renal functional impairment. (<i>JAMA</i>236:946-948, 1976)
Atypical Endoscopic Features of Rectal Carcinoids
Authors: K.-N. Shim, S.-K. Yang, S.-J. Myung, H.-S. Chang, S.-A. Jung, J. W. Choe, Y. J. Lee, J. S. Byeon, J. H. Lee, H.-Y. Jung, W.-S. Hong, J.-H. Kim, Y. I. Min, J. C. Kim, J.-S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: It is not normally difficult to diagnose carcinoid tumors (well-differentiated endocrine neoplasms) of the rectum endoscopically, as they usually have a characteristic appearance. However, little is known about the atypical endoscopic findings in some rectal carcinoids and the present study was performed to analyze these. Patients and Methods: The endoscopic findings in 67 consecutive patients with rectal carcinoids (37 men, 30 women; age range 23 - 76) were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Tumor size ranged from 2 mm to 30 mm (average 7.4 mm). Of the 67 patients, 52 (78 %) displayed the characteristic endoscopic findings of smooth, round, sessile elevations covered with normal-appearing or yellow-discolored mucosa; in 15 (22 %) there were one or more atypical endoscopic findings. These included a semipedunculated appearance (n = 6), hyperemia (n = 5), a central depression (n = 6), erosion (n = 5), and ulceration (n = 4). Atypical findings were noted in none of 20 carcinoids &λ< 5 mm in diameter; in six (20 %) of the 30 carcinoids between 5 mm and 9 mm; in six (43 %) of the 14 carcinoids between 10 mm and 19 mm; and in three (100 %) of the three carcinoids ≥ 20 mm in diameter (P < 0.001). Invasion into the muscularis propria or metastasis to the liver or lymph nodes occurred in three of the four patients with ulceration, but it was confirmed in only one of the 63 patients without ulceration (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Atypical endoscopic appearances of rectal carcinoids are observed more frequently as the size of the tumor increases and a finding of ulceration may have a prognostic value.
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies are associated with opportunistic infection in patients with thymic neoplasia
Authors: Peter D. Burbelo, Sarah K. Browne, Elizabeth P. Sampaio, Giuseppe Giaccone, Rifat Zaman, Ervand Kristosturyan, Arun Rajan, Li Ding, Kathryn H. Ching, Arlene Berman, Joao B. Oliveira, Amy P. Hsu, Caitlin M. Klimavicz, Michael J. Iadarola, Steven M. Holland
Journal: Blood (2010)
Serum Hepatitis With "Masked" Australia Antigen
Authors: J.E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Australia antigen has been associated with both "serum" and "infectious" hepatitis, and many laboratories are using reaction electrophoresis to detect the antigen.<sup>1-4</sup>Our case report points out a source of error that 'has apparently been unrecognized in the past. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 21-year-old white, male, college student entered the Abington Memorial Hospital with a history of intermittent nausea and vomiting of two weeks' duration, and dark urine, light-colored stools, pruritus, hives, and joint pains during the week prior to admission. He gave a history of bimonthly abuse of heroin, administered intravenously, and on two occasions had shared a needle with several individuals who had developed viral hepatitis. The patient was icteric and had a tender liver 13 cm in breadth in the midclavicular line. The hemoglobin level was 15.3 gm/100 ml. The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was greater than 1.500μ/ml; lactic dehydrogenase level
Overprescription of cholera vaccine to travellers by general practitioners.
Authors: A Mott, P Kinnersley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

A questionnaire describing five hypothetical patients intending to travel to different countries was sent to 113 general practitioners, who were asked to state which patients they would recommend cholera vaccination to. The response rate was 80%. The general practitioners' recommendations were compared with those of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Sixty three of 86 respondents recommended cholera vaccination when it would probably have been unnecessary. A review of common sources of information on cholera vaccination showed that general practitioners are given confusing or inappropriate advice. General practitioners should be educated about when cholera vaccination is necessary; alternatively, the vaccine should be available only through special centres.
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC NOTES ON TRENCH NEPHRITIS
Authors: W. H. TYTLER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

These British officers describe the clinical features in 150 cases of trench nephritis observed during the early stages in a casualty clearing station. They also record the results of pathologic examination of cases which terminated fatally within the first three weeks of the disease. They were all cases presenting constitutional symptoms as well as albuminuria, no cases being included of the prevalent albuminuria without indisposition, and none of the so-called lower tract cases. All the patients were employed in the forward area and the great majority actually in the trenches. There was commonly no history of any predisposing illness, nor were there any concurrent epidemics, such as scarlet fever or tonsillitis, which could be considered to bear on the etiology of the disease. The seasonal incidence showed a marked increase during the winter months.  SYMPTOMATOLOGY  The cases were observed during the early part of 1916, and the entire following winter.
Lifestyle advice by text messages helps prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk men
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A mobile phone text messaging intervention can help prevent type 2 diabetes by promoting lifestyle modification in at risk individuals, a recent study conducted in India has found.1

India is a country with more than 61 million people living with diabetes,2 and more than 545 million mobile phones.3 The researchers wanted to investigate whether mobile phones could be used to deliver lifestyle messages effectively, because traditional lifestyle modification programmes are often labour intensive.

A total of 537 men aged 35 to 55 years and at high risk of …
Hepatocyte targeting of 111In-labeled oligo-DNA with avidin or avidin–dendrimer complex
Authors: Marcelo Mamede, Tsuneo Saga, Takayoshi Ishimori, Tatsuya Higashi, Noriko Sato, Hisataka Kobayashi, Martin W. Brechbiel, Junji Konishi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Communicating With Deaf Patients-Reply
Authors: David A. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the many varied responses to our article. We understand the concerns of Ms Ralston and colleagues about defining deafness. Hearing deficits range from mild to profound, but in an audiologic sense, deafness might imply a severe to profound hearing impairment. Several years ago, the World Federation of the Deaf, made up principally of people with severe hearing impairments acquired early in life who use sign language, and the International Federation of Hard of Hearing People announced that they preferred to be referred to as "deaf" and "hard-of-hearing," respectively.<sup>1</sup>This distinction is based on communication and cultural issues rather than strict audiologic criteria. Some people with lesser hearing impairments do use sign language. Other people with profound hearing losses acquired later in life or those who were trained in oral programs during childhood may use lipreading and voicing, though often with the challenges caused by the
A Novel Antidote-Controlled Anticoagulant Reduces Thrombin Generation and Inflammation and Improves Cardiac Function in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Shahid M. Nimjee, J.R. Keys, G.A. Pitoc, G. Quick, C.P. Rusconi, Bruce A. Sullenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Heparin and protamine are the standard anticoagulant–antidote regimen used in almost every cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure even though both are associated with an array of complications and toxicities. Here we demonstrate that an anticoagulant aptamer–antidote pair targeting factor IXa can replace heparin and protamine in a porcine CPB model and also limit the adverse effects on thrombin generation, inflammation, and cardiac physiology associated with heparin and protamine use. These results demonstrate that targeting clotting factors upstream of thrombin in the coagulation cascade can potentially reduce the perioperative pathologies associated with CPB and suggest that the aptamer–antidote pair to FIXa may improve the outcome of patients undergoing CPB. In particular, this novel anticoagulant–antidote pair may prove to be useful in patients diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or those who have been sensitized to protamine, particularly patients who have insulin-dependent diabetes.
Maximum Standardized Uptake Value on FDG-PET Is a Strong Predictor of Overall and Disease-Free Survival for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Atsuya Takeda, Naoko Sanuki, Hirofumi Fujii, Noriko Yokosuka, Shuichi Nishimura, Yousuke Aoki, Yohei Oku, Yukihiko Ozawa, Etsuo Kunieda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Gefilte Fish and Diphyllobothriasis
Authors: Lazarus J. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial on "Diphyllobothriasis" inThe Journal(1981;246:2483), reminded me of a special group of patients who were susceptible to this condition. A Dr Cameron, professor of parasitology at McGill University, Montreal, about four decades ago, described several patients with fish tapeworm in a unique patient population. He discovered the tapeworm in women of the orthodox Jewish faith who made their own gefilte fish (a well-known dish of the Kosher cuisine). The problem occurred with the use of pickerel and northern pike that were filleted, then chopped by hand in a wooden bowl, and the extra ingredients added slowly as the chopping process continued. During the course of adding the seasonings and condiments, the women would taste the raw mixture at frequent intervals and thus be liable to ingest a live tapeworm. I recall my mother making gefilte fish, but she did not taste it until it
A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance: part 15
Authors: D C Nieman, S J Stear, L M Castell, L M Burke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The most commonly used dietary supplements are micronutrients. The antioxidant properties of several dietary micronutrients are of particular interest to athletes due to the support of the body's endogenous antioxidant defence systems that allows free radicals to be neutralised to help decrease oxidative damage. Dietary antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids (mainly β-carotene), polyphenols (eg, flavonoids), selenium, glutathione and coenzyme Q10 (see part 3 of this series for an excellent overview of antioxidants). Due to the enhanced interest of the role of flavonoids in exercise, both in the media and scientific research, we have dedicated this issue to the topic: the very large number of flavonoids means that an exceptional number of citations is required. In this short review the potential bioactive effects of flavonoids and their efficacy as performance aids and countermeasures to exercise-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and immune dysfunction are summarised.

### D C Nieman

Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants, and include tannins, lignins and flavonoids. The largest and best studied polyphenols are the flavonoids, with more than 6000 identified and classified into at least six subgroups: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols (and their oligomers, proanthocyanidins), anthocyanidins and isoflavonoids (table 1).1 Flavonoids are widely distributed in plants and function as plant pigments, signalling molecules and defenders against infection and injury.

View this table:

Table 1 
Flavonoid subgroups and food sources



Dietary intake of flavonoids ranges from 50 to 800 mg/day depending on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the intake of tea.2 3 In the USA, total flavonoid intake averages 210 mg/day,2 and in Spain 313 mg/day,3 with important sources including tea, citrus fruit and juice, beers and ales, wines, melon and berries, apples, onions and bananas.

A high intake of fruits and vegetables has been linked in numerous studies to a reduced …
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins from cultured human fibroblasts. Characterization and hormonal regulation.
Authors: C A Conover, F Liu, D Powell, R G Rosenfeld, R L Hintz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Specific, high affinity insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins are secreted by human fibroblasts in culture. By multiple criteria, the species of IGF binding proteins produced by human fibroblasts are distinct from the HepG2/amniotic fluid IGF binding protein, but share many characteristics with the growth hormone-dependent IGF binding protein forms predominant in normal adult human plasma. Treatment of cultured human fibroblasts with growth hormone produced an increase in IGF binding protein activity in the medium, while addition of glucocorticoids markedly diminished IGF binding activity. Insulin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and progesterone had no effect on IGF binding activity in fibroblast media. In comparison, HepG2 IGF binding activity was enhanced by progesterone, decreased by insulin, and unaffected by growth hormone or glucocorticoid treatment. Five molecular forms of IGF binding proteins were identified by Western ligand blots in human fibroblast conditioned medium, with Mr = 41,500, 37,000, 32,000, 28,000, and 23,000. In human fibroblast conditioned medium, the Mr = 41,500 and 37,000 IGF binding protein species were abundant, as in normal human plasma, with a major Mr = 23,000 form which was a minor component in plasma.