tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-196 Lubiprostone Demonstrates Efficacy in Adult Patients with Constipation Regardless of age, Gender or Race
Authors: R M Panas, T Joswick, G Dolecek, P Lichtlen, D Panigrahi, R Ueno
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Constipation is a common condition affecting millions globally. Lubiprostone has demonstrated safety and efficacy in treating adults with chronic idiopathic constipation. Through an analysis of the subgroups of two Phase 3 studies, the efficacy of lubiprostone based on factors such as age, gender, and race was reviewed. <h3>Aims and Methods</h3> Combined data from two Phase 3 well-controlled studies were used to analyse the following subpopulations: non-elderly (&lt; 65 years) and elderly (≥65 years); male and female; and white and non-white. The efficacy endpoints for spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) frequency, stool consistency, and straining were compared between placebo and lubiprostone (24 mcg BID) groups within each subpopulation. <h3>Results</h3> Among non-elderly patients, lubiprostone produced a greater increase (p≤0.001) in SBM frequency each week over placebo. Statistically significant increases were observed in the elderly (p = 0.0188 to p = 0.0268) at each week except Week 2 (p = 0.0806). Statistically significant improvements were noted in females (p≤0.001) at all weeks and in males at all weeks (p = 0.0115 to p = 0.0500) except Week 3 (p = 0.0758). For non-whites (p = 0.0003 to p = 0.0021) and whites (p≤0.001), statistically significant increases in SBM frequencies were reported at all weeks. Table 1 shows the weekly change in SBM frequency for each group. Stool consistency was improved with lubiprostone in the non-elderly (p = 0.0172 to p = 0.0441) and the elderly (p≤0.001) at all weeks. Straining was also improved with lubiprostone treatment at all weeks in non-elderly patients (p≤0.001), with similar improvement trends observed in the elderly. Stool consistency and straining were statistically significantly improved with lubiprostone at all weeks (p≤0.001) in females. A similar trend was observed for males but did not achieve statistical significance at all weeks. Lubiprostone improved stool consistency at all weeks in whites (p≤0.001) and non-whites (p≤0.0001 to p = 0.0006). Straining was improved at all weeks for whites (p≤0.001) and non-whites (p≤0.0001 to p = 0.0144). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Treatment with lubiprostone resulted in increased SBM frequencies and improvement in related symptoms in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation regardless of age, gender, or race. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Book: Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective Mind the Gap: Hierarchies, Health and Human Evolution
Authors: R. Conroy
Journal: BMJ (2001)

David Leon, Gill Walt Oxford University Press, £29.50, pp 368 ISBN 0 19 263196 9 Richard Wilkinson Weidenfeld and Nicolson, £7.99, pp 76 ISBN 0 297 64648 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>,![Graphic][5]</img> Irecently found myself haranguing an audience of trainee epidemiologists in Finland. Too many epidemiologists, it seems to me, are happy to spend their careers rediscovering the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. “Find yourselves an interesting and unsolved problem and leave cholesterol, smoking and blood pressure alone,” I snarled. “For instance” … and the first thing that came to mind was social inequality and health. It's a classic case. We have known for … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Apolipoprotein B Is an Independent Risk Factor for Microalbuminuria in Taiwanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chin-Hsiao Tseng
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Microalbuminuria, a predictor for overt nephropathy and early cardiovascular mortality, is always associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia (1). In the study of Tai et al. (2), performed in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients, albumin excretion rate was significantly associated with hypertension but not with glycemic control. To further examine the association between lipid profile and microalbuminuria in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic subjects, a total of 260 nonsmoking patients (117 men, 143 women; mean age ± SD, 60.7 ± 11.0 …
Nitroglycerin (NTG), but not sodium nitroprusside (SNP), increases vascular cGMP levels via an L-arginine dependent and L-NAME sensitive pathway
Authors: G. Abou-Mohamed, W.H. Kaesemeyer, A. Papapetropoulos, J.D. Catravas, R.W. Caldwell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
[339] THE ENDOCANNABINOID 2-ARACHIDONOYL GLYCEROL INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN PRIMARY HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS VIA MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL AND MITOCHONDRIAL ROS PRODUCTION INDEPENDENTLY OF CANNABINOID-RECEPTORS OR NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVATION
Authors: S.Y. Siegmund, T. Qian, S. de Minicis, J. Harvey-White, G. Kunos, K.Y. Vinod, B. Hungund, D.A. Brenner, R.F. Schwabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
A Randomized Trial of Terlipressin Plus Nitroglycerin Vs. Balloon Tamponade in the Control of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage
Authors: Eric Fort, Denis Sautereau, Christine Silvain, Pierre Ingrand, Bernard Pillegand, Michel Beauchant
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

A randomized trial was undertaken to determine the efficacy of nitroglycerin in addition to terlipressin infusion to improve the control of acute variceal hemorrhage compared with balloon tamponade. Forty-seven bleeding episodes in 34 cirrhotic patients were included, with terlipressin plus sublingual nitroglycerin in 23 episodes (group I) and balloon tamponade in 24 episodes (group II). At the end of the 12-hr period, hemorrhage had been equally controlled in both groups (18 of 23; 78% in group I and 19 of 24; 79% in group II). When attempted, balloon tamponade appeared more efficient in the failures of group I (4 of 4) than did terlipressin plus nitroglycerin in the failures of group II (0 of 3), although this difference was not significant. Major complications were rare (one in each group) and never required cessation of therapy. Thus terlipressin and nitroglycerin were as effective as balloon tamponade in controlling variceal hemorrhage and were associated with few minor complications.
Multicentre randomised controlled trial of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in patients with acute non-A, non-B/type C hepatitis after transfusion.
Authors: M Colombo, P Lampertico, M Rumi
Journal: Gut (1993)

To assess whether the risk of chronic disease in patients with acute non-A, non-B/type C (NANB/C) hepatitis after transfusion could be reduced by treatment with interferon, patients were randomised to receive 3 million units interferon (IFN) alfa-2b three times a week for three months or no therapy. At the end of treatment, IFN had significantly reduced the number of patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase activities compared with untreated patients but this difference was not maintained during a 15 month follow up. Treatment with IFN alfa-2b was considered safe and was well tolerated.
The Delayed Primary Attack of Vivax Malaria
Authors: Irving M. London, Charles A. Kane, Edmund F. Schroeder, Harry Most
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

DURING the war, American troops stationed in areas where malaria is endemic received quinacrine (Atabrine) or quinine for suppression of malaria, the vast majority receiving the former. A great number of these men were completely free of clinical manifestations of the disease throughout the period of suppression, but after the discontinuance of suppressive medication, the first attacks of malaria occurred. Nearly all the first, or delayed primary, attacks were vivax malaria. Falciparum malaria, with few exceptions, is definitively cured by an effective suppressive regimen of quinacrine if medication is continued for three weeks or more after the last possible infection; . . .
Meningococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Irving B. Brick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

WITHIN a period of a month in 1942, 2 cases of pneumonia in which the meningococcus was implicated, without meningeal involvement, were observed. It has been known for some time that extrameningeal meningococcal infections are not uncommon,1 but the attention directed to the respiratory phase of such infections is very scant. In view of the uniqueness of one of the cases observed and because of the lack of recent literature on the subject, it seemed worth while to report the cases and briefly to review the literature. The fact that most of the cases previously reported involved military personnel in . . .
Mediterranean Diet and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment
Authors: David S. Knopman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gastrin and the gastroesophageal sphincter
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complex HBV populations with mutations in core promoter, C gene, and pre-S region are associated with development of cirrhosis in long-term renal transplant recipients
Authors: Petra Preikschat, Stephan Günther, Simone Reinhold, Hans Will, Klemenz Budde, Hans H. Neumayer, Detlev H. Krüger, Helga Meisel
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Long-term immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection often develop liver cirrhosis (LC) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). This study investigated accumulation and persistence of specific HBV mutants in relation to the clinical course in these patients (n = 38; mean follow-up, 3.5 years). HBV was analyzed longitudinally via length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments (median, 6.5 serum samples per patient) as well as by cloning and partial sequencing of 346 full-length HBV genomes. Fourteen patients (group 1) developed LC or died from ESLD, whereas 24 patients (group 2) showed no evidence of LC during follow-up. Development of LC and ESLD was associated with persistence of HBV mutant populations characterized by deletions/insertions in core promoter plus deletions in the C gene and/or deletions in the pre-S region (86% of group 1 vs. 17% of group 2; P &lt; .0001). HBV without these mutations or with core promoter mutations alone were predominantly found in group 2 (14% of group 1 vs. 75% of group 2). In patients infected with core promoter mutants, the additional appearance and persistence of deletions in the C gene and/or the pre-S region were accompanied or followed by development of LC and ESLD. The mutations were distributed on individual genomes in various combinations, leading to a high complexity of the virus population. In conclusion, these data suggest that accumulation and persistence of specific HBV populations characterized by mutations in 3 subgenomic regions play a role in pathogenesis of LC and ESLD in long-term renal transplant recipients.
Association of Amplitude Spectral Area of the Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform With Survival of Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Julia H. Indik, Zacherie Conover, Meghan McGovern, Annemarie E. Silver, Daniel W. Spaite, Bentley J. Bobrow, Karl B. Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Press: Arthritis cure: the facts behind the hype
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

On 29 October the Sunday Telegraph published a news story headlined: “Breakthrough as scientists discover the cure for arthritis.” A media frenzy began as both the tabloids and broadsheets picked up the scent of a good story.

The story was that 18 out of 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had not responded to any other treatment showed “dramatic improvement” when treated with a drug that is normally used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Dr Jonathan Edwards, who carried out the study at University College London, was interviewed for the Sunday Telegraph story, although he was in Philadelphia at the annual conference of the American College of Rheumatology when the story broke.

The abstract of his study was embargoed for publication in the United States on Monday 30 October, and the study will be published in Rheumatology later this month. In Dr Edwards' absence, suddenly anyone who knew anything about arthritis became the focus of attention. For example, Dr Anthony Clarke, director of the National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, got a call …
Euthanasia and The American College of Physicians Ethics Manual
Authors: Steven C. Beeson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1989Euthanasia and The American College of Physicians Ethics ManualSteven C. Beeson, MDSteven C. Beeson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-11-952_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The introductory sentence of the comprehensive position paper of The American College of PhysiciansEthics Manual(1) laid out clearly the obligation and duty of a physician to his or her patient: that is, ". . . to prevent disease and untimely death and to care for the sick . . . to treat and cure when possible, help patients cope with illness, disability, and death, and relieve suffering. In all instances, the physician must help maintain the dignity of the person." Later in the same position paper (2) the College contradicts this compassionate approach to couch...References1. . American College of Physicians ethics manual, part 1 : History; the patient; other physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:245-52. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . American College of Physicians ethics manual, part 2: The physician and society; research; life-sustaining treatment; other issues. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:327-35. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Nuland S. Doctors: The Biography of Medicine. New York: Alfred Knopf; 1988. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 5415 S.W. Westgate Drive Portland, OR 97221 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEuthanasia and the American College of Physicians Ethics ManualDavid C. Stolinsky, MD 1 December 1989Volume 111, Issue 11Page: 952-953KeywordsDisabilitiesEuthanasia Issue Published: 1 December 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tobacco Control: An International Journal
Authors: Philip Corsello
Journal: JAMA (1994)

After more than 50 000 articles on tobacco and health and more than 8000 pages in 21 reports from the Surgeon General, the time is right for a truly unique journal dedicated to the movement to control tobacco use. As quoted in the first editorial, "smoking represents the most extensively documented cause of disease ever investigated in the history of biomedical research." An international journal,<i>Tobacco Control</i>aims to be a "vehicle for progress in tobacco control worldwide." Researchers in smoking cessation and tobacco control are "fighting a deadly, addictive behavior supported by a wealthy and powerful industry." The editor, Ronald M. Davis, MD, sees the movement as fragmented and inadequately coordinated. The aim of the journal is to "help foster communication, cooperation, and cohesion among the many organizations and individuals working in this field." The journal intends to define the problem and the efforts to combat it and to
Genetics and medicalisation
Authors: D. Melzer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the public imagination genetic science has already brought us close to a world in which tests and cures are available for most diseases. The immediate prospects are, however, decidedly more prosaic. With the exception of the relatively rare high penetrance, single gene disorders, genetic tests differ little from most other medical tests, providing evidence of statistical risk only. Inflated perceptions of the value of specific genetic tests could drive a wave of inappropriate medicalisation. Genetic claims, tests, and treatments, like others, should be subjected to evaluation to establish their clinical usefulness, so that doctors and patients can act on sound evidence.

The term “genetics” conveys two different concepts: genetics as the study of inherited characteristics, and genetics as the study of cellular processes controlled by DNA. DNA codes lie at the centre of the biological processes in all living cells and generate the protein building blocks for cellular activity. Variations in coding abound between people. The differences occasionally derive from variations in a single gene, but much more typically they derive from the interacting effects of many genes. DNA is no blind cipher, but part of a modulating system interacting with cellular mechanisms and environmental factors, that together time and modify the expression of proteins within the cells that make up the human organism.1

In the public mind, high …
Palatal Muscle EMG Response to Negative Pressure in Awake Sleep Apneic and Control Subjects
Authors: IAN L. MORTIMORE, NEIL J. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) affects 1-4% of the middle-aged population and is caused by repeated occlusion of the upper airway mainly at the retropalatal level. It is unclear why SAHS patients obstruct their upper airways during sleep while others do not. We hypothesized that upper airway dilator muscle function may be impaired in SAHS patients and that chronic CPAP therapy may enhance upper airway function. We, therefore, examined the effects of upper airway negative pressure on reflex palatal muscle activity in 16 normal nonsnoring awake male subjects and 16 awake SAHS patients using electromyography. The application of negative upper airway pressure (0 to -12.5 cm H2O) caused increases in levator palatini (LP, p < 0.001) and palatoglossus (PG, p < 0.001) activity, 100 msec after pressure stimulus in normal subjects. Application of upper airway negative pressure in SAHS patients caused an increase in LP activity (p < 0.05) but not in PG activity. Reflex electromyographic response to negative pressure was reduced in SAHS patients compared to normal subjects for both muscles (p < 0.001). When the seven thinnest SAHS patients were compared with seven normal subjects matched for BMI and age, the SAHS patients still demonstrated impaired responses to negative pressure for both muscles (p < 0.001). A further eight SAHS patients were studied either while concurrently taking nightly CPAP therapy and also off CPAP (at least 3 nights). Chronic nightly CPAP therapy improved the reflex response of both LP (p < 0.001) and PG (p = 0.003) to nasal negative pressure application. Thus, untreated SAHS patients have impaired electromyographic responses to negative upper airway pressure suggesting impaired defence of the upper airway, which is improved by nightly CPAP therapy.
SOME POINTS IN MIDWIFERY PRACTICE: A Paper Read before the Cambridge Medical Society
Authors: W. J. Young
Journal: BMJ (1920)

t ."-92 1 C. L 3A days both samples were sedimented and examined for auto- tigglutinaibility.No great difference was detected in thie two a0iiples.In general-the red cells fromn the oxygenated blood became agglutinable a day or two before those in fihe sealed tube.
Diagnostic Cholangioscopy - Comparison with Conventional Methods (Radiology, Ultrasonography)
Authors: B. Jeppsson, S. Bengmark
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The goals of surgery for calculous biliary disease are to explore as few normal bile ducts as possible and to remove all calculi. The most commonly used techniques to help eliminate residual stones are: exploration of all or most common ducts; operative cholangiography; intraoperative ultrasonography or choledochoscopy. Exploration of common bile ducts on clinical diagnoses leads to high number of negative explorations and has been abandoned. Operative cholangiography performed with modern technique with the use of fluoroscopy is very accurate with a diagnostic accuracy of well above 95%. Cholangiography can be performed preoperatively with the same diagnostic accuracy and thereby save operative time. Intraoperative ultrasonography has recently been introduced for the diagnosis of residual stones and seems to be superior to cholangiography. It is of limited use however, for intrahepatic stones. Intraoperative choledochoscopy finally is the most superior way of achieving intraoperative diagnosis of common bile duct stones. With the advances of ERC and other non-operative techniques, the consequences of leaving calculi in the bile duct are less severe today than before. Non-operative retrieval by percutaneous, endoscopic means or chemical dissolution are effective ways of dealing with residual stones.