tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15659: Screening of Coronary Artery Disease Among the Young Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sirous Darabian, Bahram Khazai, Yanting Luo, Nasim Sheidaee, Anas Alani, Mark Edwards, Sajad Hamal, Matthew J Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Over the last decade, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been significantly increased among the young population. However, the appropriate age to institute statin therapy for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) among this population is yet to be defined. In this study, we sought to examine the prevalence, and severity of CAD among the young T2DM population. Methods: We enrolled asymptomatic patients within the age range of 25 to 40 who underwent cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT). Patients with type 1 diabetes, with history of less than 5 years T2DM, or with a history of stent or bypass were excluded. On the day of cardiac CT, self-reported demographic data was collected. All contrast and non-contrast enhanced cardiac CTs were reviewed by two certified expert cardiologists. Results: Total of 233 cases with an average age of 35.9 were enrolled. In this population, 38.6% were female, 167 cases (71.7%) were non-diabetic, and 55 cases (25.3%) had abnormal CAC score. There was a very strong trend towards increased prevalence of abnormal CAC score between diabetic and non-diabetic groups (33.8% vs 21.7%, respectively; p=0.06). Based on the cardiac CT angiography, 56.9% of young T2DM patients had coronary atherosclerosis which was significantly greater in comparison to the non-diabetic group (56.9% vs. 35.8%, p=0.007). Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and family history of premature CAD, showed significantly greater risk of having CAD in T2DM group (OR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.30, 8.29,p&lt;0.05). Both the severity of stenosis and number of involved segments were also significantly greater among T2DM cases. There was no gender or race specific difference in the prevalence of CAD among diabetic patients. Average of CT angiographies’ radiation dose was 2.45 milliSieverts (range:0.8-10.2 mSv). Conclusions: In total, more than half of 25-40 years old patients with history for at least 5 years of T2DM had CAD. The difference between positive CAC and CAD by CTA angiography indicates a high prevalence of soft plaques. With mean doses of approximately 2 millisieverts, cardiac CT angiography needs to be considered as a screening method for young T2DM patients.
Abstract 4719: Adenosine Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using 256-Row Dynamic Volume Computed Tomography
Authors: Richard George, Kakuya Kitagawa, Riikka Lautamaki, Frank M Bengel, Tony A Dipaula, Joao A Lima, Albert C Lardo
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Dynamic volume computed tomography (DVCT), with full cardiac coverage in one gantry rotation, has the capability of providing simultaneous myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) of the entire myocardium. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of DVCT-MPI to provide relative measurements of myocardial perfusion. Six canine models of non-occlusive coronary artery stenosis were prepared using an open chest model. Following a 5 minute adenosine infusion, iodinated contrast (24 ml) was infused and DVCT-MPI was performed at peak contrast enhancement using the following protocol: 128 × 1mm collimation, 120 kV, 50 mAs. Radioactive microspheres were injected at the time of DVCT imaging to document myocardial blood flow (MBF). Images were reconstructed in short axis with 3mm slice thickness using segmented reconstruction and enhanced beam hardening correction. DVCT images were analyzed using 8 sectors at the mid-ventricular level and compared with microsphere MBF. Mean MBFs in the ischemic and remote territories were 1.47±0.44 and 2.92±0.54 ml/g/min; respectively p=0.04. Mean change in attenuation densities (from baseline) for the ischemic and remote territories were 42±12 and 65±7 HU; respectively (p=0.01). MBF and attenuation densities in the ischemic territory expressed as a percentage of the remote territory was 60±13% and 52±12%, respectively (mean difference = 8%, p=NS). A representative microsphere MBF map is shown in Panels A and B with corresponding gross pathology and CT-MPI shown in Figures C and D . MPI using 256-row DVCT is capable of accurately detecting relative differences in myocardial perfusion.
A randomised clinical trial to assess the effect of active muscle stimulation on hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbations
Authors: Timm Greulich, Maja Franke, Juliane Fechtel, Christoph Nell, Katharina Kehr, Silke Mueller, Harald Schubert, Klaus Kenn, Claus Vogelmeier, Andreas Rembert Koczulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Physical exercise reduces the detrimental effects of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Galileo™ system (Novotec Medical, Pforzheim, Germany) is based on the principle of active muscle contraction via extension reflex triggers.  Aim:  To assess the effect of active muscle stimulation in hospitalised COPD patients on exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (Qol), and inflammation.  Methods:  24 hospitalised COPD patients with an acute exacerbation were randomised to participate either in the standard physiotherapy programme (PT: physical and respiratory exercises) or in the standard programme with the addition of exercises on the Galileo device (PTG). On the days of admission and discharge we assessed: 6-minute walking test (6-MWT), COPD assessment test (CAT), and serum c-reactive protein (CRP).  Results:  The baseline characteristics are shown in table 1.  While CRP decreased in both groups (p  Conclusion:  In patients hospitalised due to an exacerbation of COPD, the addition of active muscle contraction with the Galileo system results in beneficial effects on Qol and exercise capacity.
Abstract 3716: The origin of metastatic ovarian tumors: A national population-based analysis
Authors: Michiel Simons, Jolien Bruls, Lucy Overbeek, Johan Bulten, Leon Massuger, Iris Nagtegaal
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Objective: A significant part of ovarian malignancies are metastatic tumors with a wide variety in site of origin. Differentiating between a primary and metastatic malignancy of the ovaries can be difficult, especially in case of mucinous carcinomas, and misdiagnosis might have considerable impact on both treatment and prognosis. To further examine the origin of metastatic tumors in the ovary, we performed a large scale, nationwide search for metastatic ovarian malignancies in the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). Materials and methods: All pathology reports concerning metastatic ovarian carcinomas and associated primary tumors in the Netherlands from 2000-2010 were collected. Age, year of diagnosis, tumor type, location of the primary tumor and laterality of the ovarian tumor were extracted from the database. Tumors without a proven primary tumor were excluded. The Chi-square test was used to compare multiple nominal variables. Results: 2,312 patients were identified. The most common primary sites were colon (33.2%), endometrium (17.1%), breast (14.3%), appendix (7.3%) and stomach (4.5%). Bilateral tumors were the most frequent mode of presentation (46.3%) followed by right (26.7%) and left side metastases (19.8%). In 7.2% of cases, laterality was unknown. Mucinous carcinomas were the most common histological type (46.7%), followed by signet-ring cell carcinomas (7.9%) and endometrioid carcinomas (7.7%). Of colorectal tumors, only 40.2% metastasized bilaterally, compared to 64% of breast, 63% of gastric and 59% of appendix tumors. Left sided ovarian tumors originated more often from the left colon than the right colon (69.4%, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Right sided ovarian tumors did not originate more often from the right side of the colon than from the left side. Appendiceal primary tumors did give rise to more right sided ovarian metastases (71.6%, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The most common histological tumor type in metastatic ovarian carcinomas is mucinous carcinoma. The colon is the most frequent primary site of metastatic malignancies to the ovaries, followed by endometrium, breast, appendix and stomach. Breast, stomach and appendix tumors metastasized mostly bilateral, whereas colorectal tumors metastasized mostly unilateral and ipsilateral. The mechanisms underlying these preferred sites for metastasis or laterality are still unclear. Citation Format: Michiel Simons, Jolien Bruls, Lucy Overbeek, Johan Bulten, Leon Massuger, Iris Nagtegaal. The origin of metastatic ovarian tumors: A national population-based analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3716. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3716
Abstract P138: Lifestyle Goals in Pediatric Preventive Cardiology: Practical Clinical Application
Authors: Justin P Zachariah, Michael M Mendelson, Suzanne Griggs, Heather H Ryan, Annette L Baker, Lucy Buckley, Nirav K Desai, Elizabeth Yellen, Matthew W Gillman, Sarah D de Ferranti
Journal: Circulation (2015)

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle change is recommended by the 2011 NHLBI Expert Panel Integrated Guidelines as the cornerstone of pediatric lipid management. Using a Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP)© (IRCDA Inc, Boston MA) as an implementation tool, we examined in a real-world setting the effect of making 3 lifestyle goals on lipid levels in youth referred to a pediatric Preventive Cardiology clinic. METHODS: Prospectively collected anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed on youth referred for lipid abnormalities between September 2010 and March 2014. Percent change in lipid fractions from baseline to last follow-up was calculated. Lifestyle recommendations given at initial visit were predictors of interest considered individually and as groups of 3. Multivariable adjusted linear regression was used to identify lifestyle combination trios that were associated with dyslipidemia change. RESULTS: Among 325 patients (55% female, median follow-up time 17 [IQR 10,28] months; mean age 13±4yrs], high LDL (&gt;130 mg/dL) was present in 62%, high TG (&gt; 150 mg/dL) in 35%, and low HDL (&lt;40 mg/dL) in 28%. In those with the relevant lipid abnormality, LDL decreased by 11±17%, TG declined by 22±35% and HDL improved by 15±35%. Overall, BMI percentile declined by 2 points. The most common lifestyle goals given were ‘decrease saturated/trans fat’ (63%), ‘increase vegetables/fruit’ (61%), ‘increase exercise’ (55%), ‘continue exercise’ (35%), and ‘decrease glycemic index’ (30%). In those with HDL&lt;40 adjusted for age and sex, ‘increase fish and nuts’ was associated with HDL improvement (6.52mg/dL[ 2.38,10.66];p=0.002) but, unexpectedly, ‘increase vegetables/fruit’ was associated with worse HDL (-3.87mg/dL[95%CI-6.75,-0.99]; p=0.01). In those with TG&gt;150 as expected, ‘decrease fast food/eating out’ was associated with lower TG (37%[13,54]; p=0.006). After adjustment for age, sex, baseline lipid level, and BMI percentile change, the trio of ‘increasing vegetables/fruit’, ‘decreasing saturated/trans fat’, and ‘continue exercise’ was associated with lower LDL (-17.64mg/dL[-3.62,-31.56];p=0.01). Intriguingly, substituting ‘increase exercise’ instead of ‘continue exercise’ in this trio was not associated with lipid change. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world cohort of dyslipidemic youth, providing lifestyle goals was associated with favorable lipid changes, with some combinations showing particular benefits. More data is warranted to explore the effect of specific lifestyle goal combinations in youth.
Coenzyme Q10, Rosuvastatin, and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Peter Dunselman, Hans Wedel, John G.F. Cleland, Magnus Lindberg, Åke Hjalmarson, John Kjekshus, Finn Waagstein, Eduard Apetrei, Vivencio Barrios, Michael Böhm, Gabriel Kamenský, Michel Komajda, Vyacheslav Mareev, John Wikstrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Detection of telomerase inhibition by GRN163L, a potent telomerase inhibitor, in human hair follicles
Authors: Ekaterina Bassett, Mary Ann Genzer, Calvin Harley, Robert Tressler, Ning Go
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2771   Telomerase is required for cell immortality, a hallmark of cancer, and is expressed in essentially all cancer types, but not in most normal adult tissues. Therefore, inhibition of telomerase is a promising anti-cancer treatment strategy. GRN163L, a lipidated oligonucleotide with potent telomerase inhibitory activity, is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials in solid tumors and hematological cancers. However, monitoring target effects during clinical trials is challenging due to the fact that target tissues, especially solid tumors, are not easily accessible for sampling. Our goal is to identify a surrogate tissue that can be used to monitor target inhibition by GRN163L in patients. Various surrogate tissues, including peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), buccal scrapings, and plucked hair follicles, were tested for this purpose. We found that plucked human hair follicles contained robust telomerase activity, readily detectable in a single hair follicle using an acrylamide gel-based TRAP assay. Eighty to ninety percent of randomly plucked hair follicles from healthy donors showed a significant amount of telomerase activity. We further employed DAPI staining to exclude hair follicles in telogen phase (a growth-arrested state, during which telomerase activity is very low or undetectable) from the assay. This allowed for a more accurate assessment of telomerase inhibition by allowing for pre-selection of a higher percentage of telomerase-positive follicles. Using this optimized method, GRN163L was shown to inhibit hair follicle telomerase activity  ex vivo  in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC 50  that is similar to those measured in various cancer cell lines  in vitro . We extended our studies to rodents and showed that follicle telomerase activity can be inhibited by GRN163L in an  in vivo  mouse model (see abstract, “Pharmacodynamic measurements of telomerase inhibition by GRN163L, a potent telomerase inhibitor, in mouse and rat vibrissa follicles,” E. Bassett, M.A. Genzer, C. Harley, R. Tressler, and N. F. Go) .  Due to the ease of accessibility and high levels of endogenous telomerase activity, human hair follicles are a suitable surrogate tissue to monitor telomerase inhibitor pharmacodynamics in the clinic.
Abstract 5589: Age-stratified risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma
Authors: Andrew S. Brohl, Li Li, Vaagn Andikyan, Angela Cioffi, Joel T. Dudley, Andrew Kasarskis, Robert G. Maki
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Estimates of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma that utilize age-stratification are lacking. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort of 2075 patients that had undergone myomectomy was evaluated to determine the case incidence of unexpected uterine sarcoma. An aggregate risk estimate was generated using a meta-analysis of similar studies plus our cohort. Database-derived age distributions of the incidence rates of uterine sarcoma and uterine leiomyoma surgery were used to stratify risk by age. Results: Of 2075 patients in our cohort, six were diagnosed with uterine sarcoma. Our meta-analysis revealed 8 studies from 1980-2014. Combined with our cohort, there are 18 cases of leiomyosarcoma reported in 10120 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.78 per 1000 [95% CI: 1.1-2.8], or 1 in 562. There are 8 cases of other uterine sarcomas reported in 6889 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.16 per 1000 [95% CI: 0.5-4.9], or 1 in 861. The summation of these risks gives an overall risk of uterine sarcoma of 2.94 per 1000 [95% CI: 1.8-4.1], or 1 in 340. After stratification by age, we predict the risk of uterine sarcoma to range from a peak of 10.1 cases per 1000, or 1 in 98, for age 75-79 to less than 1 case per 500 for age &amp;lt;30. Conclusion: The risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma varies significantly across age groups. Our age-stratified predictive model should be incorporated to more accurately counsel patients and to assist in providing guidelines for surgical technique for leiomyoma. Age-stratified risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma at the time of surgery for presumed leiomyomaAgeEstimated(years)Risk of Uterine Sarcoma (per 1000 procedures)25-291.74(1 in 574)30-342.01(1 in 496)35-392.65(1 in 377)40-442.46(1 in 405)45-493.28(1 in 304)50-544.62(1 in 216)55-596.35(1 in 158)60-646.36(1 in 157)65-697.53(1 in 133)70-748.55(1 in 117)75-7910.1(1 in 98)80-845.57(1 in 179) Citation Format: Andrew S. Brohl, Li Li, Vaagn Andikyan, Angela Cioffi, Joel T. Dudley, Andrew Kasarskis, Robert G. Maki. Age-stratified risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5589
Development and validation of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire (GESQ)
Authors: Hayley Hutchings, Wai-Yee Cheung, Laith Alrubaiy, Dharmaraj Durai, Ian Russell, John Williams
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a specific patient satisfaction questionnaire for patients undergoing GI endoscopy – the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire (GESQ). <b>Patients and methods:</b> We developed and validated the GESQ within the context of a national multi-institution nurse endoscopy trial, based in secondary care, in three stages: (1) item generation with a panel of patients and professionals following a detailed literature review to identify the most relevant items from existing scales; (2) development and piloting of a draft questionnaire on a sample of patients referred for GI endoscopy; and (3) testing of the questionnaire within a large multicenter pragmatic randomized trial. We undertook psychometric analysis of the questionnaire to identify the underlying dimensions and assessed the questionnaire for reliability and validity. <b>Results: </b>The final version of the GESQ contains 21 items. Principal components analysis revealed four subscales with high internal consistency: skills and hospital (seven items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.83), pain and discomfort during and after endoscopy (four items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.84), information before endoscopy (five items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.80), and information after endoscopy (five items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.76). <b>Conclusions</b>: The four identified subscales are clinically relevant and correspond to domains of patient satisfaction identified in previous studies. Our development and validation of the GESQ confirmed that it is a valid, reliable, interpretable, and acceptable tool to measure satisfaction in patients who have undergone a GI endoscopy.
Abstract 18299: Perceived Social Support Operates Through Self-Efficacy to Positively Influence Heart Failure Self-Care Management
Authors: Crystal W Cene, Beth Haymore, Diane R Dolon-Soto, Feng-Chang Lin, Michael Pignone, Darren DeWalt, Kimberly Broucksou, Victoria Hawk, Christine DeLong, Jia-Rong Wu, Giselle Corbie-Smith
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Studies show a modest positive association between social support and chronic illness self-management. However, the extent to which social support influences Heart Failure (HF) self-care and whether HF self-efficacy mediates this relationship is not well understood. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling patients with systolic or diastolic HF seen in a university internal medicine or cardiology clinic. We separately assessed HF self-care maintenance (i.e. engaging in behaviors to help maintain physiologic stability- medication adherence and frequent weighing) and self-care management (i.e. decision-making in response to symptoms- recognizing signs of fluid overload and adjusting diuretic dose) using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI). Emotional/informational support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study social support survey. HF self-efficacy was assessed using the SCHFI self-efficacy subscale. We used linear regression to examine differences in self-management behaviors, adjusting for age, race, gender, marital status, education, income, and self-rated health. Mediation analysis was done according to Baron &amp; Kenny method. Results: Of the 146 participants (mean age 61yrs; 51% female; 43% African Americans), mean (SD) emotional/information support and self-efficacy were 82.4 (SD 19.8) and 64.5 (SD 17.0), respectively; 33% had “adequate” HF self-efficacy (scores ≥ 70). In multivariable analysis, more emotional/informational support was associated with better self-care maintenance (B coefficient 0.14, SE 0.60; p=0.03). More emotional/information support was associated with better self-care management (B coefficient 0.23, SE 0.11; p=0.04) in bivariate but not multivariable analysis (B coefficient 0.18, SE 0.12; p=0.12). HF self-efficacy strongly mediates the association between emotional/informational support and self-care maintenanc e, but not management. Conclusion: Emotional/informational support is more strongly associated with behaviors to maintain physiologic stability than with decision-making related to symptom management. Greater self-efficacy is a mechanism by which emotional/informational support influences HF self-care management .
Abstract P423: Effects of Green Tea and Soy Isoflavones on Plasma Lipids In Healthy Subjects
Authors: Miao Hu, Elaine Wat, Clara Lau, Brian Tomlinson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Green tea and soy products are widely consumed in daily life and are considered to have beneficial effects on reducing cardiovascular risks. The flavonoids present in soya bean and tea leaves are believed to be responsible for the proposed benefits. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant active component of green tea and soy isoflavonoids may reduce the plasma lipid levels in healthy volunteers. Methods: Healthy Chinese male subjects were given green tea extract containing EGCG 800 mg once daily for 14 days and soy isoflavones extract 80 mg once daily for 14 days with a wash-out of at least 4-weeks between the two treatments. Sitting blood pressure and fasting plasma lipids were measured at baseline, after green tea and after soy isoflavones, respectively. Results: In 18 healthy male subjects (mean age 26.6 ± 6.0 years, weight 61.7 ± 6.3 kg), consumption of green tea extract, but not soy isoflavones, was associated with significant reductions in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (8.1% [95% confidence interval: -2.0, -14.3%], P&lt;0.01) and total cholesterol (4.8 % [0.4,-10.1%], P&lt;0.05) compared to baseline (Table 1). Reduction in LDL-C with green tea was observed in 15 out of 18 subjects and the change in LDL-C was not affected by the baseline levels. Neither product influenced the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglyceride levels or blood pressure in this normotensive group of subjects (Table 1). Conclusion: This study showed that short term treatment with a high dose of green tea extract, which is equivalent to about 7-10 cups of green tea, reduced plasma LDL-C which may be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk.