tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EGFRR497K polymorphism frequencies and molecular biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Omid Rouhi, Lela E. Buckingham, Victoria Villaflor, Ann Mauer, Tariq Muzzafar, Philip Bonomi, John Coon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A117   The epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) R497K (1749 A>G) polymorphism has been reported to affect high-affinity binding of TGF-alpha to the EGFR receptor. In addition, the A/A and A/G genotypes have been implicated in increased risk of tumor recurrence following chemoradiation therapy in colorectal cancer. To investigate potential effects of this polymorphism in lung cancer, possible molecular associations between this polymorphism and other biomarkers were analyzed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we surveyed R497K in 56 normal donors and tumor tissue from 43 NSCLC patients.  EGFR  and  K-ras  mutation status of the NSCLC patients were determined by single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing of paraffin embedded tumor tissue. Allele frequency was similar in non-cancer and NSCLC groups. The A/A, G/A, and G/G genotypes represented 63%, 22%, and 15% of the normal donor population, respectively, and 60%, 21% and 19%, respectively of the NSCLC patients. While the 1749A and G alleles were evenly distributed by gender, the G allele was less frequent in African-Americans (7/56 chromosomes) than in Caucasian ethnicity (35/112 chromosomes; chi square = 5.703, p   0.10). The G/G genotype was present in 2/13 (15%) of tumors with  EGFR  activating mutations and 5/34 (23%) of those without (chi square = 0.091, p > 0.10). None of 9 patients with  K-ras -mutated tumors had a G/G genotype, compared to 7/38 (18%) of patients without  K-ras  mutations (chi square = 3.460, p >0.10). Although significant associations between the R497K polymorphisms, smoking status,  EGFR  or  K-ras  mutations were not observed in this small patient group, increasing evidence of subsets of lung tumors along with the reported biological effects of R497K on EGFR ligand binding warrant further investigation with larger specimen numbers.
Abstract 18075: Prevalence and Predictors of the Absence of Obstructive Epicardial Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Referred for Index Coronary Angiography
Authors: Adrián I Löffler, Michelle L Ouellette, Virginia K Workman, George A Beller, Jamieson M Bourque
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: As many as 62.4% of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography have no obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). These patients have substantial morbidity and are inadequately characterized. Our aim was to identify the prevalence and predictors of the absence of epicardial obstructive CAD and to assess the clinical characteristics of this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing index coronary angiography. Patients with known CAD, a history of myocardial infarction, or an emergent indication were excluded, as were those evaluated for transplantation or valvular/cardiac surgery. Obstructive CAD was defined as a stenosis ≥70% (≥50% left main). We performed multivariable logistic regression of clinical variables, peak troponin levels, and stress findings to identify predictors of the absence of obstructive epicardial CAD. Results: The study population included 935 patients with median age of 62 years and 10-year ASCVD risk score of 17.7%; 55.6% of the patients were male, 35.1% had diabetes, 77.3% had hypertension, and 67.8% had hyperlipidemia. No obstructive CAD was found in 442 patients (47.3%). Ten variables were independent predictors of the absence of obstructive CAD in a multivariable analysis (Table 1). In the 258 patients who underwent stress imaging, a negative stress ECG (OR 3.1 (1.6-6.0), p&lt;0.001) and absence of ischemia on stress imaging (OR 3.6 (1.9-6.8), p&lt;0.001) were additional independent predictors. Conclusion: Despite a cohort with substantial cardiac risk factors and an intermediate median ASCVD risk score, the prevalence of index angiograms without obstructive epicardial CAD was high. Traditional markers of disease were predictors, including positive troponin and stress imaging; however the model was only 78% predictive. Additional research is needed to better characterize patients referred for catheterization without obstructive CAD.
Dynamic Psychology. An Introduction to Modern Psychological Theory and Practice.
Authors: Dom Thomas Verner Moore
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The renal arterial resistance index: a marker of renal function with an independent and incremental role in predicting heart failure progression
Authors: Marco Matteo Ciccone, Massimo Iacoviello, Loreto Gesualdo, Agata Puzzovivo, Valeria Antoncecchi, Annalisa Doronzo, Francesco Monitillo, Gaetano Citarelli, Valeria Paradies, Stefano Favale
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Low yield of routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with vitiligo
Authors: M.W. Kroon, I.C.K.W. Joore, B.S. Wind, M.A.C. Leloup, A. Wolkerstorfer, R.M. Luiten, J.D. Bos, R.B. Geskus, J.P.W. van der Veen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Nonsegmental vitiligo is considered to be an autoimmune disease and is known to be associated with other autoimmune diseases, particularly affecting the thyroid. Screening patients with nonsegmental vitiligo for thyroid function and for the presence of thyroid autoantibodies has been recommended.To investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid peroxidase-specific (TPO) antibodies in a large cohort of patients with nonsegmental vitiligo in order to help decide whether routine screening is justified.A total of 434 adults with nonsegmental vitiligo who were referred to our institute were enrolled. Thyroid function and anti-TPO antibody titres were assessed in those patients who had no history of thyroid disease or recent thyroid screening.Forty-three patients had already been diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, and in 27 patients the general practitioner had performed a thyroid function test with negative results <3months previously. In these patients, thyroid function assessment was not repeated. The remaining 364 patients were screened for thyroid dysfunction. Overt hypothyroidism was newly diagnosed in three (0·8%) patients; subclinical disease was found in 10 (2·7%) patients and increased levels of TPO antibodies, without thyroid disease, were found in 49 (13·5%) patients. An elevated risk for thyroid disease was found among older women and in women with a positive family history of thyroid disease.The overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adult patients with nonsegmental vitiligo was higher than reported in the general population. However, the number of newly diagnosed cases with overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction in our population was low. Most patients had already been diagnosed by their general practitioner and had symptoms indicative for thyroid disease. Thyroid disease was found predominantly among older women and in subjects with a positive family history of thyroid disease. Thyroid screening including anti-TPO antibodies is advisable in these high-risk subpopulations.
New Initiatives Highlight World AIDS Day
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2003)

As December 1 marked the 15th World AIDS Day a group of US physicians hoping to promote best practices in prevention and treatment was mobilizing an effort to influence how the Bush administration spends$2 billion in HIV/AIDS emergency funding for Africa and Haiti. At the same time US public health specialists are opening the AIDS frontier in China a country long closed to international efforts to prevent and treat the disease. (excerpt)
Abstract P359: High Blood Pressure in African HIV+ Patients Increases Long-Term Mortality
Authors: Gerald S Bloomfield, Joseph W Hogan, Alfred Keter, Thomas L Holland, Edwin Sang, Sylvester Kimaiyo, Eric J Velazquez
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the modern era are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure (BP) is common in sub-Saharan Africa, however, global attention in the region has been mostly focused on HIV. The impact of BP on mortality among adults with HIV in this region has not been reported. Objective: The objective was to determine the impact of BP on mortality among HIV seropositive (+) adults without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of de-identified medical records of the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare HIV treatment program between 2005 and 2010. We excluded patients with AIDS, who were &lt;16 or &gt;80 years old, or with data out of acceptable ranges. There were 49,475 HIV+ individuals who satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria (Figure 1). Missing data for key covariates was addressed by inverse probability weighting. We summarize crude mortality rates across BP categories, separately by gender. We used proportional hazards regression models to characterize the effect of BP on mortality, adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical factors. We subdivided the sample according to those who were clinically stable, defined as having ≥CD4 350 or WHO Stage 1. Results: Our sample was 74% (36,616 of 49,475) women. Mortality rates for men and women were 3.8/100 and 1.8/100 person-years, respectively. Crude mortality rate among clinically stable men was higher with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg (3.0, 95% CI: 1.6-5.5) than with normal systolic BP (1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). In weighted proportional hazards regression models, clinically stable men with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg carried a higher mortality risk than normotensive men (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.94 to 6.08). Conclusions: Blood pressure is an important aspect of the care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa. High systolic BP is associated with mortality among clinically stable men without AIDS. Further investigation into cause of death in warranted.
Mitotic arrest and cellular senescence by the acute inactivation of the VHL gene
Authors: Seung-Beom Hong, Berton Zbar, Laura S. Schmidt
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4431  The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene has been studied extensively in renal cancer cells; however reports of VHL function in normal cells are limited. To better understand the biological role of VHL in normal cells, we analyzed VHL function in primary mouse cells. We generated mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) from VHL(flox/-) embryos carrying a tamoxifen-inducible Cre (CreER™) transgene, in which the VHL gene could be acutely inactivated upon induction of CreER™ activity. As expected, inactivation of the VHL gene caused upregulation of the HIF target gene, VEGF. However we did not see increased cellular proliferation of the MEFs. Instead, VHLinactivation induced mitotic growth arrest and premature senescence in the MEFs. Cell cycle analysis by FACS showed increase in G2/M phase cells and decrease in S phase cells. Mitotic defects often resulted in the generation of binuclear cells, whose nuclei were joined by chromatin. Cyclin B1 expression was significantly reduced in the VHL inactivated MEFs accompanying the cell cycle blockage. The results of this study suggest a possible novel role for the VHL gene in regulating mitosis. Studies are underway to determine how cyclin B1 is involved in this process and the precise mechanism by which the VHL gene may regulate cyclin B1 expression. Funded in part by DHHS#NO1-CO-12400.
Abstract 18: Whole Grain Intake and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Men and Women
Authors: Hongyu Wu, Alan J Flint, Rob van Dam, Eric B Rimm, Michelle Holmes, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Whole grains are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that have favorable effects on health through multiple pathways. Although epidemiologic studies have suggested that whole grain intake may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), limited evidence exists regarding whole grains’ associations with mortality in prospective studies. Methods: Whole grain consumption was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years among 74,341 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2010) and 43,990 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010) who were free of CVD, diabetes, and cancers at baseline. Intake of whole grain foods including brown rice, dark breads, whole-grain ready-to-eat cereals, cooked cereal, popcorn, wheat germ, bran and other grains. We used the cumulative average of whole grain intake from all available dietary questionnaires from baseline through the end of follow-up were used to better represent long-term or habitual intake, and to minimize within-person variation. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations between whole grain intake and mortality. Results: We documented 26,918 deaths in these two cohorts during 2,731,264 person-years of follow-up through 2010. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including age, smoking, BMI, physical activity, and alternate healthy eating index, the hazard ratios (HRs) of total mortality comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of whole grain intake was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84, 0.94, P for trend &lt; 0.0001) in NHS and 0.92 (95%CI 0.87, 0.98, P for trend = 0.01) in HPFS; and the pooled HR was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.95). An inverse association was observed for CVD mortality: the pooled HRs (95% CIs) comparing extreme quintiles were 0.85 (95%CI 0.78, 0.92, P for trend &lt; 0.0001). Whole grain intake was not significantly associated with cancer mortality, the pooled HR was 0.98 (95% CI 0.91, 1.04, P for trend = 0.49). In addition, total bran intake was observed to be significantly inversely associated with CVD mortality, with pooled HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.73, 0.87, P for trend &lt; 0.0001), while total germ intake was not associated with risk of mortality after adjustment for bran intake. These associations did not change materially among men and women who had a healthful lifestyle or diet. In sensitivity analysis, to minimize reverse causation, we used a 4-year lagged analysis or further stopped updating diet after participants reported occurrence of hypertension and high cholesterol, and all these sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of our results. Conclusions: Our data support the hypothesis that higher whole grain consumption may have beneficial effects on lowering total and CVD mortality in US men and women.
Roentgenologic Diagnosis. A Complement in Radiology to the Beeson and McDermott Textbook of Medicine.
Authors: J. George Teplick, Marvin E. Haskin, Russell L. Cecil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Roentgenologic Diagnosis, which appeared a little more than four years ago, has been entirely rewritten in its second edition, with 400 pictures added, together with a new section dealing with the environmental causes of disease. It is a mark of the authors' skill that they could do this while adding very little to the weight of two comprehensive and lavishly illustrated volumes. The range of this atlas by Teplick and Haskin sweeps from the most ordinary lesions to the most exotic\p=m- from the Empty Sella to the Madura Foot. Nothing is swept under the rug. As the authors sensibly point out, rarities that open our eyes deserve more space than warts. Drs. Teplick and Haskin were obliged to follow the system of organization of a parallel medical text, a trail that meanders between the bluffs of anatomy, pathology, and eti¬ ology. While this makes for an inter¬ esting journey, it leads to occasional repetition. Charcot joints are de¬ scribed in four different places and the characteristics of neurofibromatosis in two. The book is written in smooth prose that makes it almost a pleasure to fol¬ low a disease from chapter to chapter, but there is something odd about the style. The text and illustrations don't speak to each other. It occurred to me that they had been prepared in sepa¬ rate rooms and pasted beside each other at the last minute. The book is beautifully produced, and the format could not be im¬ proved. Illustrations are superb; films
Abstract 11645: Early Mitral Valve Surgery in Chronic Mitral Valve Regurgitation is Favorable to Left Ventricular Mass Regression and Left Ventricular Performance in Ventricular Energetics
Authors: Ken-ichi Imasaka, Yukihiro Tomita, Yoshihisa Tanoue, Taketoshi Maeda, Hirofumi Onitsuka, Tomohiro Ueda, Naofumi Enomoto, Eiki Tayama
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 10218: Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers Enhances H2O2-induced Coronary Collateral Vasodilatation and Improves Diabetes Mellitus-induced Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Canine Native Coronary Collateral Microcirculation in Vivo
Authors: Toyotaka Yada, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Osamu Hiramatsu, Masami Goto, Hiroshi Nakamoto, Yasuo Ogasawara, Fumihiko Kajiya
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Identification of telomere dysfunction in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Sara Anjomani Virmouni, Sahar Al-Mahdawi, Chiranjeevi Sandi, Hemad Yasaei, Paola Giunti, Predrag Slijepcevic, Mark A. Pook
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2015)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a progressive inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation of the FXN gene, resulting in decreased frataxin expression, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. A recent study has identified shorter telomeres in FRDA patient leukocytes as a possible disease biomarker. Here we aimed to investigate both telomere structure and function in FRDA cells. Our results confirmed telomere shortening in FRDA patient leukocytes and identified similar telomere shortening in FRDA patient autopsy cerebellar tissues. However, FRDA fibroblasts showed significantly longer telomeres at early passage, occurring in the absence of telomerase activity, but with activation of an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-like mechanism. These cells also showed accelerated telomere shortening as population doubling increases. Furthermore, telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) analysis revealed that FRDA fibroblasts have dysfunctional telomeres. Our finding of dysfunctional telomeres in FRDA cells provides further insight into FRDA molecular disease mechanisms, which may have implications for future FRDA therapy.
Statin use and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in at risk individuals
Authors: Paola Dongiovanni, Salvatore Petta, Ville Mannisto, Rosellina Margherita Mancina, Rosaria Pipitone, Vesa Karja, Marco Maggioni, Pirjo Kakela, Olov Wiklund, Enrico Mozzi, Stefania Grimaudo, Dorota Kaminska, Raffaela Rametta, Antonio Craxi, Silvia Fargion, Valerio Nobili, Stefano Romeo, Jussi Pihlajamaki, Luca Valenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Abstract 13033: AST-120 Ameliorates Lowered Exercise Capacity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of the Skeletal Muscle in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease via Reducing Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mikito Nishikawa, Naoki Ishimori, Shingo Takada, Akimichi Saito, Tomoyasu Kadoguchi, Takaaki Furihata, Arata Fukushima, Shouji Matsushima, Takashi Yokota, Shintaro Kinugawa, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs exercise capacity and markedly decreases quality of life with sedentary lifestyle. It increases the plasma levels of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS), which induce oxidative stress and may reduce exercise capacity. An oral adsorbent, AST-120, can reduce circulating IS, however, the effects of AST-120 on the skeletal muscle function and the exercise capacity have not been elucidated in CKD.   Methods and Results:  Male 8 weeks old C57BL/6J mice were subtotally nephrectomized and divided into 2 groups of the treatment with or without 8% (w/w) of AST-120 in standard diet for 20 weeks (CKD+AST-120 and CKD; n=12 for each group). Sham-operated mice were served as controls (Sham; n=12). Total body weight, blood pressure, insulin, hemoglobin, and cardiac function did not change among groups. Plasma urea levels were increased by 2.0-folds in CKD groups, but were not affected by AST-120. Plasma IS levels were significantly increased in CKD compared to Sham (1.05±0.11 vs. 0.21±0.03 mg/dL, p   Conclusions:  The administration of AST-120 into CKD mice improved exercise capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction of the skeletal muscle via reducing oxidative stress. AST-120 may be a novel therapeutic agent against exercise intolerance in CKD.