tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF A CASE OF CARIES OF THE SPHENOID BONE.
Authors: EWING W. DAY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

That caries of the bones at the base of the skull is rare, is, I think, evident from the scarcity of literature on the subject. I have been able to find but scant reference to the subject from the resources at hand. For this reason I have ventured to come before you with the report of a single case of sphenoidal caries. Its course was chronic, lasting for two and a half years. Its beginning was obscure, for during the first year and a half, though seen by many of the most prominent members of our profession, no definite diagnosis was made, but the cause was assigned to malnutrition and neuralgia of malarial origin. That the bone itself was first involved seems to me certain, for when the membrane over the sphenoid broke down, the carious process was already fully established. The resulting cerebral abscess demonstrated at the post-mortem, probably
ORTHODONTIC FACIAL ORTHOMORPHIA.IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENTIATION IN CASES OF APPARENT MANDIBULAR PROTRUSION.
Authors: WILLIAM ERNEST WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Quite a little has been written on the etiology and treatment of cases presenting the appearance of protrusion of the mandible, the "chin-cap" treatment being recommended in young subjects and the removal of sections from each side of the mandible in older patients, and of late much has been written regarding the technic of this latter operation. In a recent article Dr. E. H. Angle mentions a case in which this operation was successfully done in St. Louis<sup>1</sup>and tells of a failure having been made in New Orleans.<sup>2</sup>I have heard rumors in New Orleans concerning this failure, but have never seen the case. Much has been written about treatment and a little about etiology, but apparently very little thought has been given to diagnosis, and the object of this brief paper is to emphasize the importance of a correct diagnosis on which to base an intelligent prescription. It
Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with docetaxel and prednisone for treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (VENICE): a phase 3, double-blind randomised trial
Authors: Ian F Tannock, Karim Fizazi, Sergey Ivanov, Camilla Thellenberg Karlsson, Aude Fléchon, Iwona Skoneczna, Francisco Orlandi, Gwenaelle Gravis, Vsevolod Matveev, Sevil Bavbek, Thierry Gil, Luciano Viana, Osvaldo Arén, Oleg Karyakin, Tony Elliott, Alison Birtle, Emmanuelle Magherini, Laurence Hatteville, Daniel Petrylak, Bertrand Tombal, Mark Rosenthal
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Sharing access might increase engagement
Authors: P. Wicks
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Greenhalgh and colleagues report that HealthSpace fails to engage patients.1 At PatientsLikeMe we sought to maximise engagement by first building online communities for patients without effective treatments (for example, patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), where symptoms are complex and quality of life is impaired (for example, multiple sclerosis), and where patients don’t …
C5a and Fc receptors: a mutual admiration society
Authors: J. P. Atkinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Phagocytosis is a key process in protection of the host against pathogens and in provision of antigens for the immune response. Synergism between C3b and IgG and their receptors in promoting adherence to and then ingestion of an antigen has been recognized for decades. Only more recently, however, has cross-talk between another complement activation fragment, the anaphylatoxin C5a, and Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) been defined. In this issue of the JCI, C5a is shown to signal, via its receptor, the upregulation of activating (proinflammatory-type) FcγRs. Moreover, engagement of FcγRs by the IgG-bearing immune complex instructs the cell to synthesize more C5, from which C5a is derived. Thus, this work establishes a feedback loop whereby FcγR expression and function are enhanced, a very desirable event in concert with an infection but potentially deleterious in autoimmunity.
Lords back bill to legalise assisted suicide
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A private member's bill to legalise doctor assisted suicide in England and Wales was given an unopposed first reading in the House of Lords last week.

The Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill replaces a bill introduced by the crossbench peer Joel Joffe that lapsed in April when parliament was dissolved for the general election and that would have legalised voluntary euthanasia as well as doctor assisted suicide. A select committee that took extensive evidence …
Age, JAK2V617F and SF3B1 mutations are the main predicting factors for survival in refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts and marked thrombocytosis
Authors: J Broséus, T Alpermann, M Wulfert, L Florensa Brichs, S Jeromin, E Lippert, M Rozman, F Lifermann, V Grossmann, T Haferlach, U Germing, E Luño, F Girodon, S Schnittger
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
A review of the surgical management of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) on imatinib mesylate (Glivec™)
Authors: G. Barnes, V.R. Bulusu, R.H. Hardwick, N. Carroll, H. Hatcher, H.M. Earl, V.E. Save, K. Balan, N.V. Jamieson
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2005)
Significance of Respiratory Symptoms and the Diagnosis of Chronic Bronchitis in a Working Population
Authors: C. M. Fletcher, P. C. Elmes, A. S. Fairbairn, C. H. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–cGAMP–STING pathway plays a key role in innate immunity, with cGAS sensing both pathogenic and mislocalized DNA in the cytoplasm. Human cGAS (h-cGAS) constitutes an important drug target for control of antiinflammatory responses that can contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have established that the positively charged N-terminal segment of cGAS contributes to enhancement of cGAS enzymatic activity as a result of DNA-induced liquid-phase condensation. We have identified an additional cGASCD–DNA interface (labeled site-C; CD, catalytic domain) in the crystal structure of a human SRY.cGASCD–DNA complex, with mutations along this basic site-C cGAS interface disrupting liquid-phase condensation, as monitored by cGAMP formation, gel shift, spin-down, and turbidity assays, as well as time-lapse imaging of liquid droplet formation. We expand on an earlier ladder model of cGAS dimers bound to a pair of parallel-aligned DNAs to propose a multivalent interaction-mediated cluster model to account for DNA-mediated condensation involving both the N-terminal domain of cGAS and the site-C cGAS–DNA interface. We also report the crystal structure of the h-cGASCD–DNA complex containing a triple mutant that disrupts the site-C interface, with this complex serving as a future platform for guiding cGAS inhibitor development at the DNA-bound h-cGAS level. Finally, we solved the structure of RU.521 bound in two alternate alignments to apo h-cGASCD, thereby occupying more of the catalytic pocket and providing insights into further optimization of active-site–binding inhibitors.
Synchronous Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix Demonstrated on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Suat-Jin Lu, Saabry Osmany, James Boon Kheng Khoo, David Chee Eng Ng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Appendiceal tumors are rare and can be associated with synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer. Appendiceal tumors are difficult to detect early on routine computed tomography (CT) and colonoscopy when asymptomatic. F-18 FDG PET/CT can noninvasively demonstrate early synchronous appendiceal tumors before clinical manifestations. Careful attention must be paid as FDG uptake in an appendix tumor can easily be misinterpreted as nodal or bowel activity. A 52-year-old man with locally advanced sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma treated with anterior resection and adjuvant chemotherapy underwent a restaging F-18 FDG PET/CT scan which showed a hypermetabolic synchronous appendiceal cancer with no appendiceal mass detected on contrast-enhanced CT.
A phase 2 study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, bortezomib, dexamethasone and lenalidomide for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: J R Berenson, O Yellin, T Kazamel, J D Hilger, C-S Chen, A Cartmell, T Woliver, M Flam, E Bravin, Y Nassir, R Vescio, R A Swift
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
In Situ Collagen Gel Mold as an Aid in Excimer Laser Superficial Keratectomy
Authors: Joseph S. Englanoff, Amir H. Kolahdouz-Isfahani, Hamilton Moreira, David T. Cheung, Marcel E. Nimni, Stephen L. Trokel, Peter J. McDonnell
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)
Interactions of DPP-4 and integrin β1 influences endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sen Shi, Swayam Prakash Srivastava, Megumi Kanasaki, Jianhua He, Munehiro Kitada, Takako Nagai, Kyoko Nitta, Susumu Takagi, Keizo Kanasaki, Daisuke Koya
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
TREATMENT OF SOME SKIN DISEASES BASED ON THE THEORY OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION.
Authors: J. E. R. McDONAGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1918)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF SOME SKIN DISEASES BASED ON THE THEORY OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION. Get access J. E. R. McDONAGH, F.R.C.S. J. E. R. McDONAGH, F.R.C.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 30, Issue 2, 1 April 1918, Pages 67–85, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1918.tb13133.x Published: 01 April 1918
The Double-Blind Dilemma
Authors: Albert Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Double-blind studies have so often failed to add reliability to assays of therapeutic effectiveness that wits are now wont to say "it's the blind leading the blind." Though the procedure has merit in some situations, it will not prevent the poor observer from making false-positive or false-negative decisions. Rascals, on the other hand, can see through any blind scheme. At times the double-blind format may seriously impair clinical evaluation by locking the investigator into fixed regimens wherein dosage cannot be adjusted to individual needs. With drugs that produce prominent reactions such as erythema, the only way to avoid breaking the code is to keep the eyes shut tightly. How in the world can one perform a double-blind study of retinoic acid vs a placebo in acne when erythema and peeling will immediately identify the active agent or of a cytostatic agent in psoriasis when clearing is preceded
STUDIES ON NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM THE RESPIRATORY TRACT OF MAN
Authors: Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The type specific immunological properties of certain non-hemolytic streptococci, including Str. salivarius type I and type II, present in the respiratory tract of human beings appear to be dependent upon the presence of capsular polysaccharides. The levans formed from sucrose by Str. salivarius (encapsulated S cells or non-encapsulated R variants), or by cell-free enzymes derived from these microorganisms, are indistinguishable immunologically and show no evidence of type specificity. Such levans appear to be immunologically distinct from and unrelated to the capsular polysaccharides of the microorganisms which produce them.
Circulating Adhesion Molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in Carotid Atherosclerosis and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Cases
Authors: Shih-Jen Hwang, Christie M. Ballantyne, A. Richey Sharrett, Louis C. Smith, Clarence E. Davis, Antonio M. Gotto, Eric Boerwinkle
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Recruitment of circulating leukocytes at sites of atherosclerosis is mediated through a family of adhesion molecules. The function of circulating forms of these adhesion molecules remains unknown, but their levels may serve as molecular markers of subclinical coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods and Results To determine the ability of circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to serve as molecular markers of atherosclerosis and predictors of incident CHD, we studied 204 patients with incident CHD, 272 patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA), and 316 control subjects from the large, biracial Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Levels of VCAM-1 were not significantly different among the patients with incident CHD, those with CAA, and control subjects. Higher levels of E-selectin and ICAM-1 were observed for the patients with CHD (means [ng/mL]: E-selectin, 38.4; ICAM-1, 288.7) and those with CAA (E-selectin, 41.5; ICAM-1, 283.6) compared with the control subjects (E-selectin, 32.8; ICAM-1, 244.2), but the distributions were not notably different between the patients with CHD and CAA. Results of logistic regression analyses indicated that the relationship of ICAM-1 and E-selectin with CHD and CAA was independent of other known CHD risk factors and was most pronounced in the highest quartile. The odds of CHD and CAA were 5.53 (95% CI, 2.51–12.21) and 2.64 (95% CI, 1.40–5.01), respectively, for those with levels of ICAM-1 in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. Odds of CAA were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.14–3.62) for those with levels of E-selectin in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. Conclusions These data indicate that plasma levels of ICAM-1 and E-selectin may serve as molecular markers for atherosclerosis and the development of CHD.
Effect of blood on the activity and persistence of antigen induced inflammation in the rat air pouch.
Authors: S Yoshino, D R Blake, S Hewitt, C Morris, P A Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The hypothesis that haem iron derived from synovial microbleeding has a proinflammatory effect on the synovial membrane was tested by adding autologous whole blood and fractions derived from it to a naturally remitting rat air pouch model of allergic inflammation. The induction of such a subcutaneous air pouch produces a cavity lined by mesenchymal cells comparable to the synovial membrane. Autologous whole blood was found to prolong a low grade inflammatory state, this effect being attributable to a red cell component, most probably haem iron. Whole blood in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus does not have this effect, indicating that the mechanism is one of prolonging or promoting existing allergic inflammation, rather than inducing an inflammatory response.
Freda Susanne Reed
Authors: Tom Reed, Jacquie Reed
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former forensic psychiatrist Kent (b 1922; q London 1946; DPM, FRCPsych), d 23 February 2005.

In 1947 Freda went out to Nigeria to marry her husband, Ralph, an agricultural officer in the Colonial Service. She plunged into the challenges there, treating women who would not otherwise have had access to medical help. In 1957 she returned to England and Kent and took up psychiatry, studying late into the night while working at Maidstone Child Guidance Clinic. In 1967 she began moving into forensic psychiatry, working at Maidstone prison and then at Canterbury prison and at various borstals and probation hostels. From 1974 until her official retirement in 1987 she was called to prisons, courts, and probation centres across the south east of England. She dealt with the most difficult cases and was frequently called upon to provide expert advice to juries on the sanity of murderers. Predeceased by Ralph and a son, she leaves two children and five grandchildren.
A novel renal carbonic anhydrase type III plays a role in proximal tubule dysfunction
Authors: P. Gailly, F. Jouret, D. Martin, H. Debaix, K.S. Parreira, T. Nishita, A. Blanchard, C. Antignac, T.E. Willnow, P.J. Courtoy, S.J. Scheinman, E.I. Christensen, O. Devuyst
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Roles of hepatocyte and myeloid CXC chemokine receptor-2 in liver recovery and regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion in mice
Authors: Heather L. Van Sweringen, Nozomu Sakai, Ralph C. Quillin, Jeff Bailey, Rebecca Schuster, John Blanchard, Holly Goetzman, Charles C. Caldwell, Michael J. Edwards, Alex B. Lentsch
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Previous studies have demonstrated the significance of signaling through the CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) receptor in the process of recovery and regeneration of functional liver mass after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). CXCR2 is constitutively expressed on both neutrophils and hepatocytes; however, the cell-specific roles of this receptor are unknown. In the present study, chimeric mice were created through bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using wild-type and CXCR2-knockout mice, yielding selective expression of CXCR2 on hepatocytes (Hep) and/or myeloid cells (My) in the following combinations: Hep+/My+; Hep-/My+; Hep+/My-; and Hep-/My-. These tools allowed us to assess the contributions of myeloid and hepatocyte CXCR2 in the recovery of the liver after I/R injury. Flow cytometry confirmed the adoption of the donor phenotype in neutrophils. Interestingly, Kupffer cells from all chimeras lacked CXCR2 expression. Recovery/regeneration of hepatic parenchyma was assessed by histologic assessment and measurement of hepatocyte proliferation. CXCR2(Hep+/My+) mice showed the least amount of liver recovery and hepatocyte proliferation, whereas CXCR2(Hep-/My-) mice had the greatest liver recovery and hepatocyte proliferation. CXCR2(Hep+/My-) mice had enhanced liver recovery, with hepatocyte proliferation similar to CXCR2(Hep-/My-) mice. Myeloid expression of CXCR2 directly regulated CXC chemokine expression levels after hepatic I/R, such that mice lacking myeloid CXCR2 had markedly increased chemokine expression, compared with mice expressing CXCR2 on myeloid cells.The data suggest that CXCR2 on myeloid cells is the predominant regulator of liver recovery and regeneration after I/R injury, whereas hepatocyte CXCR2 plays a minor, secondary role. These findings suggest that myeloid cell-directed therapy may significantly affect liver regeneration after liver resection or transplantation.
Crucial Library Services Depend on Photocopying
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The welter of complaints about the mass, slowness and unmanageability of medical communication obscures its numerous assets. One of these is photocopying, the process that makes it possible for you and me to obtain a copy of any article in a medical library's holdings. Moreover, by a remarkable hierarchial system spreading outward from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to its 11 regional affiliates, and thence to community hospitals, a photocopy of practically any article ever recorded in the medical literature is available for our use. In 1971 the NLM and its regional branches sent out nearly half a million . . .
Use of biochemical profile in children's hospital: results of two controlled trials.
Authors: J V Leonard, B E Clayton, J R Colley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Two controlled trials of the use of a biochemical profile were conducted in a childern's hospital to see whether the profile led to diagnoses which would not otherwise [have been made and to see what effect it had on the number of extra requests for pathololgical investigations and the length of stay in hospital]. Altogether 2816 children were examined and 13 new diagnoses made. There was a significant increases in the total number of pathorequests but the profile did not alter the length of stay in hospital. We conclude that the profile mad only a small contribtuion to the overall care of the pateints.
Preventing Coronary Restenosis and Complications
Authors: David R. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Interventions aimed at opening occluded coronary arteries continue to evolve. Two fundamental problems that limit the clinical efficacy of coronary interventions are restenosis after coronary angioplasty or atherectomy,13 reported since the early days of interventional cardiology, and acute complications from the intervention, such as coronary-artery dissection, acute or threatened vessel closure, and distal embolization.4,5 Both problems are the result of injury to the arterial wall. Attempts at solving these problems have involved the development of new devices and drugs. Two of the most promising solutions are described in this issue of the Journal.6,7 Preventing RestenosisDespite . . .
Pathogenesis and treatment of xanthomatosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Raphael Szalat, Bertrand Arnulf, Lionel Karlin, Michel Rybojad, Bouchra Asli, Marion Malphettes, Lionel Galicier, Marie-Dominique Vignon-Pennamen, Stéphanie Harel, Florence Cordoliani, Jean Gabriel Fuzibet, Eric Oksenhendler, Jean-Pierre Clauvel, Jean-Claude Brouet, Jean-Paul Fermand
Journal: Blood (2011)
Messages from the Middle East
Authors: Tessa Richards, Christiane Rehwagen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

BMJ readers, our surveys suggest, don't like theme issues. But we offer few apologies for this one on the Middle East. In a globalised world regions can ill afford to ignore each other's health problems. As tension and distrust between Islamic countries and the West mounts, we hope this issue will promote awareness of the challenges the region faces and help promote rational debate and collaboration among doctors and policy makers—in and outside it. We share Samer Jabbour's optimistic view (p 837) that action to improve health may help spur the social and political change which many of this week's contributors call for. Few of the health problems described are new; what is new is the acceptance that tackling them requires action outside, as well as inside, the health arena. “For many people in the …
Relation of Family Responsibilities and Gender to the Productivity and Career Satisfaction of Medical Faculty
Authors: Phyllis L. Carr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Studies have found that female faculty publish less, have slower career progress, and generally have a more difficult time in academic careers than male faculty. The relation of family (dependent) responsibilities to gender and academic productivity is unclear.To describe dependent responsibilities by gender and to identify their relation to the aspirations, goals, rate of progress, academic productivity, and career satisfaction of male and female medical school faculty.177-item survey questionnaire.24 randomly selected medical schools in the contiguous United States.1979 respondents from a probability sample of full-time academic medical school faculty.The main end point for measuring academic productivity was the total number of publications in refereed journals. Perceived career progress and career satisfaction were assessed by using Likert scales.For both male and female faculty, more than 90% of time devoted to family responsibilities was spent on child care. Among faculty with children, women had greater obstacles to academic careers and less institutional support, including research funding from their institutions (46% compared with 57%; P < 0.001) and secretarial support (0.68 full-time equivalents compared with 0.83 full-time equivalents; P = 0.003), than men. Compared with men with children, women with children had fewer publications (18.3 compared with 29.3; P < 0.001), slower self-perceived career progress (2.6 compared with 3.1; P < 0.001), and lower career satisfaction (5.9 compared with 6.6; P < 0.001). However, no significant differences between the sexes were seen for faculty without children.Compared with female faculty without children and compared with men, female faculty with children face major obstacles in academic careers. Some of these obstacles can be easily modified (for example, by eliminating after-hours meetings and creating part-time career tracks). Medical schools should address these obstacles and provide support for faculty with children.