tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FIRST PATIENT–SPECIFIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELS OF ASCENDING THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRICUSPID VERSUS BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE
Authors: Andrew David Wisneski, Aart Mookhoek, Heide Kuang, Kiyoaki Takabe, Julius M. Guccione, Michael Hope, Liang Ge, Elaine Tseng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Epicardial Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Vicinity of Coronary Arteries Is Facilitated by Fusion of 3-Dimensional Electroanatomical Mapping With Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Katja Zeppenfeld, Laurens F. Tops, Jeroen J. Bax, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Angioplasters and thrombolysers
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

“Paper will surely take over from screens. It's attractive, highly portable, flexible, smells good, and is easy to notate. Within a year, we hope, the BMJ should be available not just electronically but also on paper.” History, of course, worked the other way round, and paper preceded electronic communication by centuries—but sometimes the race to be historically first may be close. Thrombolysis arrived as a routine treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction just before primary angioplasty, but there are now enthusiasts arguing that primary angioplasty should become the first line treatment. Peter Bogarty and James …
Bleeding diathesis due to decreased functional activity of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Authors: R R Schleef, D L Higgins, E Pillemer, L J Levitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We evaluated an elderly patient with a lifelong history of severe bleeding after surgery or trauma and with evidence of persistent hyperfibrinolysis. Routine coagulation studies were normal. Serum plasminogen (40%, normal 72-128%) and alpha 2-antiplasmin (55%, normal 70-145%) activities were decreased. Euglobulin clot lysis was abnormally shortened (50 min) and normalized in vitro with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). The patient was treated with EACA with prompt cessation of bleeding. Patient tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in serum were normal (4.7 ng/ml, control 3.5-7.2) as detected by a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Patient fibrinolytic inhibitor activities were assessed by incubating 125I-labeled t-PA with either whole blood or serum followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography to identify the resultant protease/protease inhibitor complexes. In comparison to blood samples obtained from normal donors, patient plasma and serum demonstrated reduced binding of a fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor to 125I-labeled t-PA. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated diminished complex formation between type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patient serum and 125I-labeled t-PA. Low patient PAI-1 activity was confirmed in serum (0.36 U/ml, control 0.87-1.81; n = 3) and in platelet lysates using a functional IRMA to quantitate PAI-1 binding to immobilized t-PA. However, patient serum PAI-1 antigen was within the normal range when analyzed by IRMA (31.8 ng/ml, control 19.6-42.2); this result was confirmed in both serum and platelets by Western blot (n = 3). Mixing experiments using purified PAI-1 as well as patient and control sera did not show evidence for an inhibitor against PAI-1. We conclude that this patient's bleeding diathesis was due to hyperfibrinolysis and defective PAI-1. This patient provides the first demonstration of a link between decreased in vivo PAI-1 activity and disordered hemostasis, and supports a role for PAI-1 in control of vivo fibrinolysis.
Vascular Normalization by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade Induces a Pressure Gradient Across the Vasculature and Improves Drug Penetration in Tumors
Authors: Ricky T. Tong, Yves Boucher, Sergey V. Kozin, Frank Winkler, Daniel J. Hicklin, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Elevated interstitial fluid pressure, a hallmark of solid tumors, can compromise the delivery of therapeutics to tumors. Here we show that blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling by DC101 (a VEGF-receptor-2 antibody) decreases interstitial fluid pressure, not by restoring lymphatic function, but by producing a morphologically and functionally “normalized” vascular network. We demonstrate that the normalization process prunes immature vessels and improves the integrity and function of the remaining vasculature by enhancing the perivascular cell and basement membrane coverage. We also show that DC101 induces a hydrostatic pressure gradient across the vascular wall, which leads to a deeper penetration of molecules into tumors. Thus, vascular normalization may contribute to the improved survival rates in tumor-bearing animals and in colorectal carcinoma patients treated with an anti-VEGF antibody in combination with cytotoxic therapies.
Use of chaperones in general practice: Table 1
Authors: Charlotte Cohen, Ken McLean, Simon Barton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The two papers on the use of chaperones in general practice are relevant to genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, where intimate examinations are routine.1 2 In response to recent guidance we published and repeated a survey on patients' preferences for chaperones (table).3–5

View this table:

Table 1 
Results of chaperoning survey. Values are numbers of patients unless otherwise …
THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF THE QUATERNARY SALTS OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
Authors: Walter A. Jacobs, Michael Heidelberger, Carroll G. Bull
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The extension of the study of the quaternary salts of hexamethylenetetramine to those obtained by the addition of this base to the most varied types of substances containing aliphatically bound halogen has demonstrated that the introduction of the hexamethylenetetramine nucleus in this manner results in the production of bactericidal substances or enhances the bactericidal action if already present. In particular it was found possible by the use of the halogenacetyl group, XCH(2)CO, as a connecting link, to furnish primary and secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines, alcohols, and hydrocarbons of the most varied character with the hexamethylenetetramine molecule and to study the relation between chemical constitution and bactericidal action in the series of substances so prepared. Because of the variety of chemical types studied, the results are too involved for a detailed summary here. Many of the substances were found to be very powerful bactericides, and in a number of instances derivatives of purely aliphatic nature were found to possess an unusual bactericidal power. Bacillus typhosus, streptococcus, meningococcus, and gonococcus were the microorganisms used for the tests, and striking instances of partial specificity were observed. This specificity was found to favor not one species alone, but instances were found in which each of the types of bacilli was shown to be especially susceptible to one or another of the particular types of compound employed. The source of this partial specificity is to be sought not in the hexamethylenetetramine nucleus itself but in the molecule to which it is attached. The action of some of the substances was tested in the presence of serum or protein and was found to be not at all or only slightly inhibited. In other cases marked inhibition occurred. The factors controlling the serum- or protein-compatibility of these substances are likewise to be sought in that portion of the molecule other than the hexamethylenetetramine.
Memory of a Loved One
Authors: Stephen Thomas Harvey
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The History of Orthopaedics: An Account of the Study and Practice of Orthopaedics From the Earliest Times to the Modern Era
Authors: Phillip G. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Yes, Virginia, there is a history of orthopaedics. As incredible as that sounds, it's true. And not only is it a recent history that several generations of today's orthopaedists can relate to, but it is a history of musculoskeletal disease that dates back to the dinosaurs, prehistory, and ancient Egypt. And it is in ancient Egypt that the predecessors of orthopaedists emerged to treat the workers of the pyramids for their injuries, perhaps a forerunner of the current worker's compensation system. As the author states in his preface, "... although it is not quite true there is nothing new under the sun, it is nevertheless chastening and amusing to discover how often procedures thought to be new had been practiced long before, or thought of before the appropriate technology was available." The book takes us from the earliest times, replete with interesting historical photographs and drawings, through the national histories of
Congenital Malformations of the Heart. Volume I: General Considerations
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1961)

With all man's interest in the heart and its pathology from time immemorial, it has only been within the past 30 years that much scientific progress has been made in the study of this organ. Dr. Taussig has made an excellent presentation summarizing the knowledge recently acquired about congenital lesions of the heart. The embryology of the heart is recalled in order to better explain the phenomena which arise. We are reminded that until the development of the electrocardiogram, angiography, aortography, and cardiac catheterization we were unable to be certain of the type of congenital defects in infants. Physical findings alone could not differentiate the variations. Now that we have such good diagnostic procedures, our accuracy, and hence our ability to correct, has been greatly enhanced. There is a useful chapter on the medical care of these patients, many of whom were doomed prior to our development of these special
2010 Q2WEEK CONTROLLED-RELEASE-INTERFERON-ALPHA2B + RIBAVRIN REDUCES FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS &gt;50% AND PROVIDES EQUIVALENT EFFICACY IN COMPARISON TO WEEKLY PEGYLATED-INTERFERON-ALPHA2B + RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE-GENOTYPE-1-CHRONIC-HEPATITIS-C: RESULTS FROM EMPOWER, A RANDOMIZED-OPEN-LABEL-12-WEEK-COMPARISON IN 133 PATIENTS
Authors: W.A. Long, D. Takov, K. Tchernev, I. Kotzev, A. Rigney, Z. Krastev, S. Stoynov, R. Balabanska, E. Lawitz, Z. Younossi, R. Ghalib, E. Zuckerman, R. Safadi, R. Tur-Kaspa, N. Assy, Y. Lurie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Recent developments in the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: None ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients may inherit a predisposition to psoriasis, although the disease is expressed only after being triggered by certain environmental or antigenic factors. There is considerable genetic heterogeneity in psoriasis and several genetic loci associated with the occurrence of the disease have been identified. Although the underlying abnormality in psoriasis has not been definitively identified, recent evidence suggests that activated T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The activation of T lymphocytes can be mediated through antigen‐presenting cells or through autoimmunity, and is influenced by cytokines. Recently developed animal models and in vitro studies of psoriasis have provided new evidence for the role of pathogenic lymphocytes in the initiation of the disease process. Further research will help to identify the susceptibility genes involved in psoriasis and provide a more complete understanding of the immunological basis of the disease. This should lead to the development of targeted therapies with improved efficacy and tolerability compared with some currently available treatments.
Free for All: Lessons from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment
Authors: C Normand
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The results of the RAND Health Insurance Experiment are important in the debates on access to and financing of health services, and direct charges to patients. The study randomly assigned people in six areas in the United States to different health insurance plans for periods of three or five years. Elderly people were excluded (as most already had access to free care through Medicare). Around 2000 families were included in the experiment.

The aim of the study was to test in experimental conditions the response of people to different charges for using health services. Some people were enrolled in plans that provided care free at the point of use. Others had to pay varying proportions of the cost. For those paying some …
Impaired Flow-Mediated Dilation and Risk of Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Giuseppe Patti, Vincenzo Pasceri, Rosetta Melfi, Costanza Goffredo, Massimo Chello, Andrea D’Ambrosio, Rosamaria Montesanti, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Impaired endothelial function is a key event in the atherosclerosis process and predicts future cardiovascular events in subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed the first prospective study evaluating whether early measurement of brachial artery endothelium-dependent dilation (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) after coronary stenting could predict occurrence of in-stent-restenosis.The study population included 136 patients with single-vessel CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting and at least 6 months of follow-up. All patients underwent ultrasound detection of brachial artery reactivity 30 days after PCI; FMD was investigated before and after 5 minutes of occlusion of the brachial artery, and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation was investigated before and after administration of sublingual nitrates. Clinical in-stent restenosis was demonstrated in 20 patients (15%), whereas 116 patients (85%) remained free of signs or symptoms of recurrent ischemia. FMD was significantly impaired in patients with restenosis versus those without restenosis (percent diameter variation 4.6+/-5.8% versus 9.5+/-6.6%, P=0.002); moreover, 4% of patients with FMD > or =7% (median value) developed in-stent restenosis versus 28% of those with FMD <7% (P=0.0001). On multivariate analysis, FMD was the strongest predictor of restenosis (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.4 to 12.0); conversely, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation did not independently predict the risk of restenosis (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.8 to 6.3).This is the first prospective study indicating that impaired FMD independently predicts occurrence of in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing PCI. Early evaluation of endothelial function after stenting may represent a useful screening tool to stratify patients according to future risk of restenosis.
Demographic and clinical properties of juvenile-onset Behçet's disease: A controlled multicenter study
Authors: Yelda Karincaoglu, Murat Borlu, Semra Cikman Toker, Ayse Akman, Meltem Onder, Suhan Gunasti, Aysegul Usta, Basak Kandi, Cicek Durusoy, Muammer Seyhan, Serap Utas, Hayriye Saricaoglu, Muge Guler Ozden, Soner Uzun, Umit Tursen, Demet Cicek, Levent Donmez, Erkan Alpsoy
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Diabetic Retinopathy: A General Survey
Authors: George W Blankenship, Jay S Skyler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Diabetic retinopathy has become one of the major causes of legal blindness and can cause a degree of visual loss that prevents independent ambulation and even total blindness. It-is now the second leading cause of new blindness in the United States and the leading cause in adults under age sixty-five.1–2 The tragedy of this is even more greatly magnified when one considers that those blinded by diabetes are often quite young, in their twenties or thirties. Fortunately, most patients with diabetic retinopathy do not have visual impairment. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is strongly and positively associated with duration of diabetes.3–5 Retinopathy is seen after a shorter duration of diabetes in older patients than in younger patients, but prevalence figures for all ages seem to merge after ten years duration of diabetes.3 Thus, the overall prevalence of clinically detectable retinopathy in patients under age thirty at diagnosis is less than 10% if the duration of the disease is less than ten years, while the prevalence for patients over age 60 at diagnosis is 35–40% with the same duration.4 After fifteen years duration of diabetes, 60–70% of patients will have retinopathy.3–5 The true prevalence of diabetic retinopathy remains unknown, however, and statistical data are complicated by a variety of factors. Most studies focus on juvenile-onset diabetes, or of diabetes of long duration, and do not include the large numbers of elderly patients with mild diabetes without retinopathy. Studies have usually been done in referral centers for either diabetes or eye disease. Thus, the prevalence of the disease is probably more common than appreciated by most physicians, but not as common as thought by most ophthalmologists who are biased by the type of diabetic patients referred for ophthalmic care.
PGP9.5 Methylation in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer
Authors: Keishi Yamashita, Hannah Lui Park, Myoung Sook Kim, Motonobu Osada, Yutaka Tokumaru, Hiroshi Inoue, Masaki Mori, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is the most deadly form of gastric cancer and is frequently accompanied by peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. The specific molecular events involved in DGC pathogenesis remain elusive. Accumulating evidence of epigenetic inactivation in tumor suppressor genes led us to conduct a comprehensive screen to identify novel methylated genes in human cancers using pharmacologic unmasking and subsequent microarray analysis. We compared differential RNA expression profiles of DGC and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) cell lines treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine using microarrays containing 22,284 genes. We identified 16 methylated genes, including many novel genes, in DGC cell lines and studied PGP9.5 with particular interest. In primary gastric cancers, PGP9.5 was found to be more frequently methylated in DGCs (78%) than in IGCs (36%; DGC versus IGC, P < 0.05). Furthermore, real-time methylation-specific PCR analysis of PGP9.5 showed relatively higher methylation levels in DGC than in IGC. Our data thus implicate a molecular event common in the DGC phenotype compared with IGC.
Abstract 1415: Role of IL-8 in uveal melanoma induced angiogenesis.
Authors: Laura Lattanzio, Ilaria Torta, Federica Tonissi, Martino Monteverde, Marco Merlano, Gerard Milano, Cristiana Lo Nigro
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The pro-angiogenic IL-8 pathway has already been associated with resistance to VEGF-targeted therapies in various tumour types, particularly in melanoma. IL-8 expression is higher in tumour as compared to normal tissues and both tumour and endothelial cells express this chemokine and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly vascularised tumour that is generally treated with radiations (RT). In a previous pre-clinical study (Sudaka A. et al., Invest. New Drugs, 2012, Jun 20), we reported that RT-associated anti-angiogenic therapy has more than additive effects by modulating VEGF levels and allowing to deliver lower radiation doses for identical cytotoxic effects. Aim: In order to better understand the microenvironment contribution to treatment efficacy in UM we investigated the release of IL-8 in response to the anti-angiogenic drug Bevacizumab, and the cross-talk between IL-8 and VEGF signalling. Materials and methods: OCM-1 uveal melanoma cell line and Huvec cells were grown in transwell plates. Bevacizumab was used at a final concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and cells were irradiated with a 6Gy dose. Il-8 concentrations were determined by ELISA assay. Results: Bevacizumab alone or combined with RT induced a 6 fold decrease in IL-8 concentration in culture medium from OCM-1 cells grown alone (Bev vs control/CT p&amp;lt;0,001%; Bev vs CT p&amp;lt;0,01%), but this effect was completely abolished when OCM-1 cells were cultured in Huvec-conditioned medium. When cells were co-cultured on transwell plates and treated with Bevacizumab IL-8 level increased by 30% in OCM-1 culture supernatant (Bev vs CT p=0,12) whereas it was 35% lower in Huvec culture medium (Bev vs CT p&amp;lt;0,05). Conclusions: These data indicate that the UM microenvironment, beside VEGF, can activate IL-8 signalling as an alternative pro-angiogenic pathway. The latter seems to be upregulated in UM cells by anti-VEGF therapy only when they are co-cultured with endothelial cells, thus suggesting that this effect may be dependent on a crosstalk between the two cell types. The decrease in IL-8 concentration, observed in the Huvec chamber of the transwell plates after incubation with Bevacizumab, may be due to a more efficient Il-8 binding by CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 (hypothesis currently tested). Therefore, although preliminary, our results suggest a possible synergic effect for a therapeutic approach combining IL-8 inhibitors with anti-VEGF compounds in UM. Citation Format: Laura Lattanzio, Ilaria Torta, Federica Tonissi, Martino Monteverde, Marco Merlano, Gerard Milano, Cristiana Lo Nigro. Role of IL-8 in uveal melanoma induced angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1415