tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis
Authors: M.V. Burgos, A.S. Pym
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Despite the almost 50 yrs since the introduction of curative antituberculosis drugs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to exert an enormous toll on world health, and tuberculosis remains the world's leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent. This has stimulated research efforts into finding new tools to tackle the continuing tuberculosis pandemic. One of the few successes to date has been the development of a new discipline, molecular epidemiology. This has added a further dimension to the classical epidemiology of tuberculosis and enhanced understanding of how M. tuberculosis continues to be successfully transmitted within populations. In the process, inadequacies in tuberculosis control programmes have been identified, helping accumulate resources for their improvement. Other technologies, based on knowledge of the complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis , which will provide newer tools for probing the epidemiology of tuberculosis, are now emerging. In spite of these advances, tuberculosis continues to remain a devastating infectious disease, disproportionately impacting on the world's poorest countries. The future challenge for molecular epidemiology is to provide better understanding of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in these settings and to stimulate the implementation of control measures on a more global scale.
DIURETIN.Read before the Pathological Section of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, Feb. 9, 1893.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1893)

cal operations-the operating room and all the sur¬ roundings included.Perhaps I ought not to close this article without some mention of the famous pathological and biological• laboratories of Professor Koch which are also located in the grounds adjoin¬ ing Charité Hospital.These comprise three very unpretentious frame buildings, which contain the bacteriological apparatus microscopes etc., required in the investigations which professor Koch has con¬ ducted and still carries on, in his experiments on the preparation of tuberculin and analogous products.I did not try to see Professer Koch, as I was informed he was so engrossed in his studies that he was very difficult of access.The week before I reached Berlin the highest official in rank of the medical department of British India had come to visit him, bringing with him the highest credentials, and had failed in securing an interview with him.I presume he considers it absolutely impossible for him to see the multitudes of callers who visit him from all parts of the world, and prefers to keep his time sacred from intrusion, so that he can pursue his investigations undisturbed.In an article of my own, published in the Medical News of December 17, 1892,1 have given the details of my visit to the Paris hospitals in August, 1892, and at the risk of offending some of my friends I am compelled to say that neither in the hospitals of London or Berlin did I see aseptic surgery carried out with such perfection of detail and magnificence of results as I saw displayed in the hospitals of Paris.Finally, I would say to American students, that it is entirely unnecessary for those who desire to study the principles of aseptic surgery to go to Europe at all.At the German Hospital, the Roosevelt Hospi¬ tal, the Polyclinic and others in the City of New York, and at the principal hospitals of Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Washington, etc., aseptic surgery is taught and practiced as perfectly as it can be found anywhere in the world.If American students desire the culture that only travel can give, by all means let them go to Europe; if they desire boundless wealth of material for clinical study, let them go to London, Vienna or Berlin ; but if they desire, besides these advantages, to see fineness of technique in car¬ rying out the principles of aseptic surgery, my advice to them would be to go to Paris and study there.I am very certain they will never regret their choice.DIURETIN.
Hospital Junior Doctors: Survey at Northampton General Hospital
Authors: N. R. Redman, J. P. Toby, J. B. Peniket
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey of hospital junior doctors made in 1967-8 showed that there were many features of their work with which they were not content. These included career prospects, hours of work, and salaries. It is suggested that reorganization of the career structure and the provision of better-organized ancillary help would do much to improve the lives of hospital junior doctors.
Clinical Problem Solving: A Behavioral Analysis
Authors: JEROME P. KASSIRER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

To extend the understanding of the clinical problem-solving process, we have analyzed the tape-recorded behavior of experienced clinicians engaged in "taking the history of the present illness" from a simulated patient. We showed that specific diagnostic hypotheses were generated often with little more information than presenting complaints, that testing of diagnostic hypotheses consisted of various case-building strategies for corroborating and discrediting hypotheses, and that the process of information gathering included techniques to evaluate the validity of data and assess the need for immediate action. Overall strategies were more difficult to discern but included a focused approach, a systemic exploration method, and a chronologic technique. The data have potential value in medical education and in developing computer programs to simulate the diagnostic process.
Death and Injury by Firearms: Who Cares?-Reply
Authors: Park Elliott Dietz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Miller's letter strikes a familiar note. The frustration he conveys is shared by many others who attribute the firearm wound epidemic to the repeated failures of legislators to restrict gun availability. We ask Dr Miller and those who share this prevalent outlook to consider the following points: The significance of a health problem cannot be fully assessed without adequate documentation. Currently, our knowledge of firearm injuries as a national public health problem is based solely on fatalities representing fewer than 20% of all cases. Without data on nonfatal cases, we will remain in the dark about the distributions of disabling and disfiguring sequelae, costs of acute care and long-term rehabilitation, and psychological and societal consequences of firearm trauma. Only information about nonfatal shootings can tell us how they differ from fatal
Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade in angiography correlates with myocardial salvage in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with stenting or thrombolysis
Authors: Alban Dibra, Julinda Mehilli, Josef Dirschinger, Jürgen Pache, Jodi Neverve, Markus Schwaiger, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Epstein–Barr Virus — An Old Dog with New Tricks
Authors: David Liebowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the human herpesvirus family and, like other herpesviruses, infects and establishes a persistent infection in the host. Clinically, primary infection with EBV ranges from a mild, self-limited illness in children to infectious mononucleosis in adolescents and adults. EBV has been linked to several malignant conditions in humans,1 including the endemic (African) form of Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in patients with AIDS, Hodgkin's disease, and now, as described in separate reports in this issue of the Journal, 2,3 smooth-muscle tumors in immunosuppressed children. McClain et al.2 found an association . . .
Sterilization and Hysterectomy
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protein tyrosine phosphatase and SHP-1 are involved in the regulation of cell-cell contacts at adherens junctions in the exocrine pancreas
Authors: J Schnekenburger
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> We have previously shown that cell contacts between pancreatic acinar cells dissociate early in pancreatitis and that this is a prerequisite for the development of pancreatic oedema. Here we studied the underlying mechanism. <b>Methods:</b> Employing experimental caerulein induced pancreatitis in vivo and isolated pancreatic acini ex vivo, in conjunction with protein chemistry, morphology, and electron microscopy, we determined whether cell contact regulation in the pancreas requires or involves: (1) changes in cadherin-catenin protein expression, (2) tyrosine phosphorylation of adhesion proteins, or (3) alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. <b>Results:</b> During initial cell-cell contact dissociation at adherens junctions, expression of adhesion proteins remained stable. At time points of dissociated adherens junctions, the cadherin-catenin complex was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated and internalised. The receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)κ was constitutively associated with the cadherin-catenin complex at intact cell contacts whereas following the dissociation of adherens junctions, the internalised components of the cadherin-catenin complex were tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with the cytosolic PTP SHP-1. In isolated acini, inhibition of endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatases alone was sufficient to induce dissociation of adherens junctions analogous to that found with supramaximal caerulein stimulation. Dissociation of actin microfilaments had no effect on adherens junction integrity. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data identify tyrosine phosphorylation as the key regulator for cell contacts at adherens junctions and suggest a definitive role for the protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPκ and SHP-1 in the regulation, maintenance, and restitution of cell adhesions in a complex epithelial organ such as the pancreas.
Hydroquinidine therapy in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Jean-Sylvain Hermida, Isabelle Denjoy, Jérôme Clerc, Fabrice Extramiana, Geneviève Jarry, Paul Milliez, Pascale Guicheney, Stefania Di Fusco, Jean-Luc Rey, Bruno Cauchemez, Antoine Leenhardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cardiac transplantation--1982
Authors: B. A. Reitz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IT HAS been 14 years since the first human cardiac transplantation was performed. Early widespread enthusiasm was inappropriate; disappointing results led to an equally inappropriate pessimistic view. In the intervening decade, consistent effort at a few medical centers has gradually produced the evolutionary development that characterizes most medical progress. The changes in cardiac transplantation include refinement in patient selection, diagnosis and management of acute cardiac rejection, and treatment of complications.1This has resulted in survival of close to 70% at one year and 50% at five years after transplantation at Stanford (Calif) Medical Center. These results give cardiac transplantation a definite role in the therapy of selected groups of patients who are terminally ill from cardiac disease. Recognition of this fact is reflected in the number of cardiac transplant procedures presently being performed, shown in Fig 1. The total number of cardiac transplantation procedures is again approaching 100 per
The Courage to Fail: A Social View of Organ Transplants and Dialysis
Authors: Robert McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1974)

As a summary of the history of a subject of ever-increasing importance today, this book can be recommended.Dr. Coley brings his narrative up to date, with a terminal chapter on "some techniques of modem biochemistry" and a peep into the future.His book will, therefore, prove useful to the practising biochemist as well as to those more professionally concerned with the history of the subject.Another, and important, attraction to the student is the relatively modest price.
HEREDITARY CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS
Authors: I. J. McCURDY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The rare syndrome of hereditary cleidocranial dysostosis is characterized by defective ossification of the clavicles and the membranous bones of the cranium. The first case was reported by Morand, in 1766, and the second by Barlow, 1 in 1883. It was not until 1898, however, that the affection was brought into prominence by Marie and Sainton, 2 who described the condition under the name of hereditary cleidocranial dysostosis. In 1905, Villaret and Francoz 3 reported an instance of a woman and her three children who were all affected, and compiled forty-one additional cases from the literature. Fitzwilliams, 4 in 1910, observed two cases, and compiled and analyzed fifty-eight others. Langmead, 5 in 1916, reported the occurrence of eighteen cases in four generations, and observed seven of them.  In the family forming the basis of this communication, nine cases have occurred in three generations. Five of these subjects have been observed
Overcrowding in emergency departments and adverse outcomes
Authors: M. L. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The symptoms, auxological characteristics, and stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations in a group of patients with non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NCCAH) were compared with those of their siblings. Ten index cases consisting of nine females and one male patient aged 3-33 years and 16 siblings were studied. In the sibling group five subjects were slightly virilised and of these, two females were found to have NCCAH according to their stimulated 17-OHP concentrations. The remaining nine siblings, who were not virilised, all had normal stimulated 17-OHP concentrations. Among the total NCCAH group (index cases and affected siblings) eight patients had the diagnosis made within two years of the onset of symptoms. In four patients diagnosis was delayed until adulthood. In seven patients investigated, bone age was significantly increased before treatment. The mean height and body mass index Z scores of the affected patients as a total group or when divided according to skeletal maturity were not significantly different from either the normal mean or from their unaffected siblings. Virilised siblings of patients with NCCAH should have stimulated 17-OHP levels measured to exclude the disease. Patients with NCCAH do not appear to be at risk of short adult stature despite increased bone age in childhood.
Adaptive, Emotional, and Family Functioning of Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Denis G. Sukhodolsky, Maria C. do Rosario-Campos, Lawrence Scahill, Lily Katsovich, David L. Pauls, Bradley S. Peterson, Robert A. King, Paul J. Lombroso, Diane B. Findley, James F. Leckman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine adaptive, emotional, and family functioning in a well-characterized group of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to evaluate the influence of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the levels of impairment in various functional domains. METHOD: The study group included 287 children and adolescents (191 boys, 96 girls) ages 7–18 years. Fifty-six subjects had a diagnosis of OCD only, 43 had both OCD and ADHD, 95 had ADHD, and 93 were unaffected comparison children. Best estimate DSM-IV diagnoses were assigned on the basis of structured interviews and clinical ratings. The children's functioning was evaluated with a comprehensive battery of well-established, standardized measures, including the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, parents' ratings of social and family functioning, and children's self-reports of emotional adjustment. RESULTS: The children with OCD only were more impaired than were unaffected comparison subjects in most areas of adaptive functioning and emotional adjustment. Children with OCD plus ADHD had additional difficulties in social functioning, school problems, and self-reported depression. Impairment in daily living skills, reduced number of activities, and self-reported anxiety were uniquely associated with the diagnosis of OCD. Family dysfunction was associated with ADHD but not with OCD. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with OCD are impaired in multiple domains of adaptive and emotional functioning. When comorbid ADHD is present, there is an additional burden on social, school, and family functioning.
Standardization of WT1 mRNA quantitation for minimal residual disease monitoring in childhood AML and implications of WT1 gene mutations: a European multicenter study
Authors: A M Willasch, B Gruhn, T Coliva, M Kalinova, G Schneider, H Kreyenberg, D Steinbach, G Weber, I H I M Hollink, C M Zwaan, A Biondi, V H J van der Velden, D Reinhardt, G Cazzaniga, P Bader, J Trka
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Aspirin and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Edward Giovannucci
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 September 1995Aspirin and Colorectal CancerEdward Giovannucci, MDEdward Giovannucci, MDHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Sullivan suggests that the mechanism by which long-term aspirin use may protect against colorectal cancer involves the progressive reduction of blood stores caused by aspirin-induced gastrointestinal blood loss. As mentioned in our report [1], however, anti-inflammatory sulindac causes a temporary regression of the polyps in patients with familial polyposis [2], an effect that is reversible immediately after discontinuation of sulindac therapy. Such a pattern is not consistent with a progressive loss of blood stores. Although the iron hypothesis is intriguing, some evidence suggests that fecal iron could influence the risk for colon cancer through the generation of ...References1. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Willett WC. Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in the male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:241-6. Google Scholar2. Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Krush AJ, et al. Treatment of colonic and rectal adenomas with sulindac in familial adenomatous polyposis. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:1131-6. Google Scholar3. Babbs CF. Free radicals and the etiology of colon cancer. Free Radic Biol Med. 1990; 8:191-200. Google Scholar4. Marnet LJ. Aspirin and the potential role of prostaglandins in colon cancer. Cancer Res. 1992; 52:5575-89. Google Scholar5. Bomalaski JS, Hirata F, Clark MA. Asprin inhibits phospholipase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986; 139:115-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward Giovannucci, MDAffiliations: Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 391KeywordsAspirinBloodColorectal cancerEndoscopyHemorrhagePhospholipasesProstaglandinsRelative risk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Uncovering the role of genomic “dark matter” in human disease
Authors: Lance Martin, Howard Y. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The human genome encodes thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although most remain functionally uncharacterized biological "dark matter," lncRNAs have garnered considerable attention for their diverse roles in human biology, including developmental programs and tumor suppressor gene networks. As the number of lncRNAs associated with human disease grows, ongoing research efforts are focusing on their regulatory mechanisms. New technologies that enable enumeration of lncRNA interaction partners and determination of lncRNA structure are well positioned to drive deeper understanding of their functions and involvement in pathogenesis. In turn, lncRNAs may become targets for therapeutic intervention or new tools for biotechnology.
Do Not Resuscitate
Authors: Elliott Perlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Ad Libitum15 January 1990Do Not ResuscitateElliott Perlin, MDElliott Perlin, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-2-152_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptShe held her mother's handAnd listened to the radioPlay "Country Roads." TheirFaded photo on the nightstandWas still pleasant to look at.Red, yellow, black. TheBedsores came in various colors,Shapes, sizes. Decaying flesh. AndThe severed legs. Their remnantsQuivered when she was turned.The feeding tube mocked death,Leading into her stomach whiteLiquid, and she mixed itWith a bit of gruel.(She would only eat for her.)She used to ask aboutThe grandchildren. Now evenThe glimmer in her eyesWas gone. And locked in herBed, so was the struggle.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Howard University Hospital Washington, DC PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1990Volume 112, Issue 2Page: 152-152KeywordsDo not resuscitate ordersStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 1990 Copyright & Permissions©1990 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...