tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lactation as a model for naturally reversible hypercorticalism plasticity in the mechanisms governing hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenocortical activity in rats.
Authors: D Fischer, V K Patchev, S Hellbach, A H Hassan, O F Almeida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Steady state levels of hypothalamic expression of the genes encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and oxytocin (OT) were studied in rats to investigate the mechanisms underlying the transitions between hypercorticalism during lactation and normocorticalism upon weaning. During lactation, CRH mRNA levels and blood titers of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were found to be significantly reduced, although POMC mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary were not significantly different from those found in cycling virgin (control) rats; during all phases of lactation, an inverse relationship was observed between the blood levels of ACTH and corticosterone (CORT). Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations were elevated approximately 30-fold during lactation. Whereas steady state levels of OT mRNA were markedly increased throughout lactation, those of AVP mRNA were only transiently (initially) elevated, and the blood levels of these hormones were not significantly altered in lactating as compared with cycling virgin and postlactating rats. CRH and POMC gene expression and blood levels of ACTH, CORT, and PRL were normalized within 1-3 d of removal of suckling pups. The temporal relationships between the biosynthetic profiles of the various peptide hormones and the patterns of ACTH and CORT secretion during the two physiological states suggest that lactation-associated hypercorticalism does not merely result from increased ACTH secretion; although still not well substantiated at this time, the evidence points to contributory roles of PRL, OT, and AVP in the hypercorticalismic state found during lactation.
New Class of Anti-HIV Drugs
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fundamental errors in estimate of lives saved by screening
Authors: K. J Jorgensen, P. C Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Wald and colleagues estimate that one death from breast cancer is avoided for every 100 women screened over 20 years,1 which is about 10 times more optimistic than that reported in a comprehensive systematic review.2

They assume a “generally accepted” 24% reduction in mortality from breast cancer in a population offered screening from a consensus report of …
Prospective randomized trial of antiplatelet vs. anticoagulation treatment after intracoronary Palmaz-Schatz stent placement-6-month follow-up
Authors: Albert Schömig, Helmut Schühlen, Rudolf Blasini, Adnan Kastrati, Hanna Walter, Martin Hadamitzky, Eva Zitzmann, Gert Richardt, Claus Schmitt, Eckhard Alt, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Examination of the melatonin hypothesis in women exposed at night to EMF or bright light.
Authors: C Graham, M R Cook, M M Gerkovich, A Sastre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

It has been hypothesized that the increased incidence of breast cancer in industrial societies is related to greater exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and/or the presence of high levels of light at night (LAN). EMF and LAN are said to reduce circulating levels of the hormone melatonin which, in turn, allows estrogen levels to rise and stimulate the turnover of breast epithelial stem cells and increase the risk for malignant transformation. Three laboratory-based studies, in which a total of 53 healthy young women were exposed at night to EMF or to LAN under controlled exposure conditions, were performed to determine whether such exposures reduce melatonin and are associated with further alterations in estrogen. All-night exposure to industrial-strength magnetic fields (60 Hz, 28.3 microT) had no effect on the blood levels of melatonin or estradiol. In contrast, nocturnal melatonin levels were profoundly suppressed, and the time of peak concentration was significantly delayed in women exposed to LAN, regardless of whether they were in the follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These changes, however, were not associated with alterations in point-for-point matching measures of estradiol. Women who chronically secrete high or low amounts of melatonin each night (area-under-curve range: 86-1,296 pg/mL) also did not differ in their blood levels of estradiol. Taken together, these results are consistent with a growing body of evidence which generally suggests that environmental EMF exposure has little or no effect on the parameters measured in this report.
Focal neurological signs and symptoms induced by interferon-alpha in two patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: R.A. Herbst, R. Gutzmer, E.G. Jung, A. Kapp, J. Weiss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Focal neurological signs and symptoms induced by interferon‐alpha in two patients with malignant melanoma Get access R.A. Herbst, R.A. Herbst Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Ricklinger Strasse 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Gutzmer, R. Gutzmer Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Ricklinger Strasse 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.G. Jung, E.G. Jung Department of Dermatology, Mannheim Medical School, Theodor‐Kutzer‐Ufer, D‐68135 Mannheim, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kapp, A. Kapp Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Ricklinger Strasse 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Weiss J. Weiss Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Ricklinger Strasse 5, D‐30449 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1 December 1997, Pages 1022–1023, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01579.x Published: 01 December 1997
THE TECHNIQUE OF PIROGOFF'S AMPUTATION OF THE FOOT.
Authors: GWILYM G. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Pirogoff was the celebrated Russian surgeon of the Crimean War. He was the surgeon in charge of the Russian forces at Sebastopol, and it was in 1852 that he devised his operation of osteoplastic amputation of the foot. His contemporary, Syme of Edinburgh, had not long previously given to the world his equally famous method of amputating the foot and, not unnaturally, in a clinical lecture on the subject (<i>Lancet</i>, Vol. I, 1855, p. 307), explained the superiority of his operation to that of Pirogoff. The only practical difference between the two operations was that Pirogoff retained a piece of calcaneum in the heel flap, while Syme dissected it out. I have ventured to bring this operation to your notice because it appears to me to be one of great merit, particularly in cases of railroad injuries, and because the satisfaction to be derived from it will depend largely
Chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alastair G. Mowat, John Baum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Using a new in vitro method of measuring the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood, a chemotactic index has been calculated. The mean chemotactic index of 320 in 24 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis, was significantly less (P < 0.0005) than the mean of 555 in 24 normal controls matched for age and sex.
The draw of dusty tomes
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Not many people give a word to the language or a name to a disease, whether real or purported, but John Ferriar MD (1761-1815) did both. His poem, The Bibliomania , published in 1809, was addressed to Richard Heber, a book collector of such voracity that he needed eight houses and said that “no gentleman can be without three copies of a book, one for show, one for use and one for borrowers.”

The poem inspired many subsequent books (Flaubert wrote a story of that title), including the Reverend Thomas Frognall Dibdin’s The Bibliomania, or Book Madness: History, Symptoms and Cure of This Fatal Disease , 89 pages long when first published …
Mortality of male doctors and reductions in cigarette smoking
Authors: G. E Moore
Journal: BMJ (1980)

problems, and deafness,9 10 as well as sudden infant death."112The task of clearing the population of potentially dangerous viruses before immuni- sation may well prove impossible; but does that justify our setting up ill-founded contra- indications, rather than real ones, and then shooting them down in order to prove that our vaccines are safe ?
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Accelerates Tumor Growth by Arginine Methylation of the Tumor Suppressor Programmed Cell Death 4
Authors: Matthew A. Powers, Marta M. Fay, Rachel E. Factor, Alana L. Welm, Katharine S. Ullman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) has been described as a tumor suppressor, with high expression correlating with better outcomes in a number of cancer types. Yet a substantial number of cancer patients with high PDCD4 in tumors have poor survival, suggesting that oncogenic pathways may inhibit or change PDCD4 function. Here, we explore the significance of PDCD4 in breast cancer and identify protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a cofactor that radically alters PDCD4 function. Specifically, we find that coexpression of PDCD4 and PRMT5 in an orthotopic model of breast cancer causes accelerated tumor growth and that this growth phenotype is dependent on both the catalytic activity of PRMT5 and a site of methylation within the N-terminal region of PDCD4. In agreement with the xenograft model, elevated PDCD4 expression was found to correlate with worse outcome within the cohort of breast cancer patients whose tumors contain higher levels of PRMT5. These results reveal a new cofactor for PDCD4 that alters its tumor suppressor functions and point to the utility of PDCD4/PRMT5 status as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential target for chemotherapy.
Preferential and persistent depletion of CCR5+T-helper lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential despite early treatment of primary HIV infection
Authors: Roman Krzysiek, Annick Rudent, Laurence Bouchet-Delbos, Arnaud Foussat, Claudie Boutillon, Alain Portier, Didier Ingrand, Daniel Sereni, Pierre Galanaud, Liliane Grangeot-Keros, Dominique Emilie
Journal: Blood (2001)
Big Biological Data: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Yixue Li, Luonan Chen
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

In “Omics” era of the life sciences, data is presented in many forms, which represent the information at various levels of biological systems, including data about genome, transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, metabolome, molecular imaging, molecular pathways, different population of people and clinical/medical records. The biological data is big, and its scale has already been well beyond petabyte (PB) even exabyte (EB). Nobody doubts that the biological data will create huge amount of values, if scientists can overcome many challenges, e.g., how to handle the complexity of information, how to integrate the data from very heterogeneous resources, what kind of principles or standards to be adopted when facing with the big data. Tools and techniques for analyzing big biological data enable us to translate massive amount of information into a better understanding of the basic biomedical mechanisms, which can be further applied to translational or personalized medicine.

Today, big data is one of the hottest topics in information science, but its concept can be misleading or confusing. The name itself suggests huge amount of data, which, however, represents only one aspect. In general, big data has four important features, so called four V’s: volume of data, velocity of processing the data, variability of data sources, and veracity of the data quality. These four hallmarks of big data require to be characterized by special theory and technology; however, currently there is no satisfactory solution. Now, more biologists are involved with the big data due to the rapid advance of high-throughput biotechnologies. As an example, the Human Genome Project utilized the expertise, infrastructure, and people from 20 institutions and took 13 years of work with over $3 billion to determine the whole genome structure of approximately three billion nucleotides. But now we can sequence a whole human genome for $1000 and within three days. We have spent decades struggling to collect enough biological and biomedical data, but when big data overwhelms us, are we ready to face the challenge? The new bottleneck to this problem in biology is how to reveal the essential mechanisms of biological systems by understanding the big noisy data. Life sciences today need more robust, expressive, computable, quantitative, accurate and precise ways to handle the big data. As a matter of fact, recent works in this area have already brought remarkable advantage and opportunities, which implies the central roles of bioinformatics and bioinformaticians in the future research of the biological and biomedical fields. In the following text, we describe several aspects of big biological data based on our recent studies.
Tumor-Induced Senescent T Cells with Suppressor Function: A Potential Form of Tumor Immune Evasion
Authors: Carolina L. Montes, Andrei I. Chapoval, Jonas Nelson, Vbenosa Orhue, Xiaoyu Zhang, Dan H. Schulze, Scott E. Strome, Brian R. Gastman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Senescent and suppressor T cells are reported to be increased in select patients with cancer and are poor prognostic indicators. Based on the association of these T cells and poor outcomes, we hypothesized that tumors induce senescence in T cells, which negatively effects antitumor immunity. In this report, we show that human T cells from healthy donors incubated with tumor for only 6 h at a low tumor to T-cell ratio undergo a senescence-like phenotype, characterized by the loss of CD27 and CD28 expression and telomere shortening. Tumor-induced senescence of T cells is induced by soluble factors and triggers increases in expression of senescence-associated molecules such as p53, p21, and p16. Importantly, these T cells are not only phenotypically altered, but also functionally altered as they can suppress the proliferation of responder T cells. This suppression requires cell-to-cell contact and is mediated by senescent CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations, which are distinct from classically described natural T regulatory cells. Our observations support the novel concept that tumor can induce senescent T cells with suppressor function and may effect both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(3):870–9]
Mucosal erosions in longterm non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users: predisposition to ulceration and relation to Helicobacter pylori.
Authors: A S Taha, R D Sturrock, R I Russell
Journal: Gut (1995)

The importance of erosions in longterm non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users, their relevance to ulceration and their relation to Helicobacter pylori are unclear. This study assessed the incidence of peptic ulcers in the presence or absence of erosions or H pylori in a group of longterm NSAID users (n = 50), undergoing endoscopy at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks while continuing with NSAIDs. Ulcers diagnosed at baseline endoscopy were excluded. Ulcers developed in nine of 23 patients (39%) with pre-existing erosions compared with six of 27 (22%) without erosions (p < 0.05). The group infected with H pylori (n = 30) had a total of 18 patients (60%) with erosions, a total of 12 ulcers (40%), and eight ulcers (27%) complicating previous erosions, compared with five (25%, p < 0.01), three (15%, p < 0.05), and one (5%, p < 0.01) respectively in patients not infected with H pylori (n = 20). Ulcer development was not influenced by the initial number of erosions but strongly associated with H pylori positive duodenal erosions. It is concluded that ulcers are more likely to develop in longterm NSAID users who have mucosal erosions or H pylori, or both.
GANGRENE AND BACTEREMIA
Authors: CHARLES M. SHAPIRO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 October 1968GANGRENE AND BACTEREMIACHARLES M. SHAPIRO, M.D., F.A.C.P.CHARLES M. SHAPIRO, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-4-845_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I was very interested in the article entitled "Thrombocytopenia and Symmetrical Peripheral Gangrene Associated with Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Bacteremia," by Rahal, MacMahon, and Weinstein (Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 35, 1968). In their discussion as to the cause of this phenomenon, they mention the possibility of staphylococcal toxin-producing platelet damage and aggregation and potentiating the formation of fibrinogen to fibrin. However, they do not stress the possible pathogenetic significance of intravascular coagulation in these cases. This may be especially significant since two of the three patients had definite hemolytic anemia, and the plasma of the patient in Case... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES M. SHAPIRO, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1968Volume 69, Issue 4Page: 845-846KeywordsBacteremiaBlood plasmaFibrinFibrinogenHemolytic anemiaPathogensPlatelet aggregationPlatelets ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
The mechanism behind the novel fibrosis recently described in NASH in H<scp>EPATOLOGY</scp>2011 and Elsewhere
Authors: Theresa C. Hemsworth-Peterson
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The recent flurry of exciting reports on the potential antifibrotic benefit of pentoxifylline (PTX) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)1, 2 has encouraged me to write this letter to the Editor of HEPATOLOGY to include some earlier reports in this area of hepatology research. We were the first to report that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) played a role in experimental hepatic fibrosis and describe its role in human fibrosis.3, 4 PTX blocked fibrosis via an effect on PDGF, by inhibiting phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73.5 Our results in NASH6, 7 and hepatitis C virus (HCV)8 showed that ribavirin, but not interferon, inhibited fibrosis, and that this effect was mediated by the block of phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73, resulting in decreased synthesis of collagen and decreased hepatic stellate cell proliferation. PTX decreased NASH sera-stimulated Fibrogenic Stimulation Index (FSI; our patented diagnostic test) and c-Jun phosphorylation as assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation and Western analysis, respectively.9 Our recent data10 indicate that PTX decreased the FSI, and that the FSI correlates well with the METAVIR fibrosis score in HCV patients and may be predictive of fibrosis in this cohort. Theresa C. Peterson M.D.*, * GI Division, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University and QEII, Halifax, Canada.
The Story of Iodine Deficiency: An International Challenge in Nutrition
Authors: Leslie J. DeGroot
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This small, easily read volume is an excellent summary of previous studies on the health and socioeconomic impact of iodine deficiency and current worldwide attempts to eradicate this problem, which may adversely influence the lives of up to 800 million people worldwide. Basil S. Hetzel, who has contributed so much himself to understanding the effects of iodine deficiency, especially on fetal development, first briefly surveys the growth of knowledge about iodine deficiency and cretinism in ancient literature and folk medicine, the first large-scale efforts at prophylaxis by Marine and Kimball in Akron, Ohio, in 1922, and more contemporary pioneering investigations on pathophysiology and prevention by Stanbury in Mendoza, Argentina, McCullagh in New Guinea, and Belgian workers in Zaire. Hetzel then reviews the methods that have been developed for correction of iodine deficiency, the current status of campaigns to provide adequate sources of iodine to the populations of China, Africa, Asia,
A variant of Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques due to deletion of exon 9 of presenilin 1
Authors: Richard Crook, Auli Verkkoniemi, Jordi Perez-Tur, Nitin Mehta, Matt Baker, Henry Houlden, Matt Farrer, Mike Hutton, Sarah Lincoln, John Hardy, Katrina Gwinn, Mirja Somer, Anders Paetau, Hannu Kalimo, Raija Ylikoski, Minna Pöyhönen, Steve Kucera, Matti Haltia
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
The jury is still out on the safety of silver nanoparticles
Authors: H. N. Haboubi, S. H. Doak, G. J. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Clement’s proposals for using silver nanoparticles, which have antibacterial properties, in doctors’ clothing are interesting,1 but their use in uniforms on a daily basis is of concern.

The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles have led to interest in their potential uses in consumer and industrial products, but we need a better understanding of …
Significance of the tissue kallikrein promoter and transforming growth factor-β1 polymorphisms with renal progression in children with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Guey-Jen Lee-Chen, Kuo-Pao Liu, Yi-Chun Lai, Huei-Shiuan Juang, Shu-Yi Huang, Ching-Yuang Lin
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Head of German NICE should remain in post, doctors urge
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

About 600 German doctors have signed a petition in support of Peter Sawicki, whose role as head of the country’s healthcare quality and efficiency body is in jeopardy.

Dr Sawicki has been director of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Germany’s equivalent of the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, since it was established in September 2004. But his contract runs out in August 2010 and may not be renewed by the country’s new health minister.

In an earlier letter to the new German government several members of the Christian …
Generalized morphoea secondary to porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: H.P. STEVENS, L.S. OSTLERE, CM. BLACK, M.H.A. RUSTINA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a patient with generalized morphoea secondary to porphyria cutanea tarda. who responded to treatment with cyclosporin. The differences between the sclerodermatous skin changes seen in porphyria cutanea tarda and generalized morphoea are discussed.