tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inferred metagenomic comparison of mucosal and fecal microbiota from individuals undergoing routine screening colonoscopy reveals similar differences observed during active inflammation
Authors: Mei San Tang, Jordan Poles, Jacqueline M Leung, Martin J Wolff, Michael Davenport, Soo Ching Lee, Yvonne Al Lim, Kek Heng Chua, P'ng Loke, Ilseung Cho
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

The mucosal microbiota lives in close proximity with the intestinal epithelium and may interact more directly with the host immune system than the luminal/fecal bacteria. The availability of nutrients in the mucus layer of the epithelium is also very different from the gut lumen environment. Inferred metagenomic analysis for microbial function of the mucosal microbiota is possible by PICRUSt. We recently found that by using this approach, actively inflamed tissue of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients have mucosal communities enriched for genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, and reduced for carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. Here, we find that the same bacterial taxa (e.g. Acinetobacter) and predicted microbial pathways enriched in actively inflamed colitis tissue are also enriched in the mucosa of subjects undergoing routine screening colonoscopies, when compared with paired samples of luminal/fecal bacteria. These results suggest that the mucosa of healthy individuals may be a reservoir of aerotolerant microbial communities expanded during colitis.
An encyclopedia of mouse genes
Authors: Marco Marra, LaDeana Hillier, Tamara Kucaba, Melissa Allen, Robert Barstead, Catherine Beck, Angela Blistain, Maria Bonaldo, Yvette Bowers, Louise Bowles, Marco Cardenas, Ann Chamberlain, Julie Chappell, Sandra Clifton, Anthony Favello, Steve Geisel, Marilyn Gibbons, Njata Harvey, Francesca Hill, Yolanda Jackson, Sophie Kohn, Greg Lennon, Elaine Mardis, John Martin, LeeAnne Mila, Rhonda McCann, Richard Morales, Deana Pape, Barry Person, Christa Prange, Erika Ritter, Marcelo Soares, Rebecca Schurk, Tanya Shin, Michele Steptoe, Timothy Swaller, Brenda Theising, Karen Underwood, Todd Wylie, Tamara Yount, Richard Wilson, Robert Waterston
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Say nointy-noine
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2001)

As every television presenter knows, credibility in the new millennium means having an accent. This varies with the target audience. For the young, Essex is the linguistic place to be. The middle aged prefer Ireland, Wales, or Barnsley. Traditional BBC English is aimed at the over 70s.

The public is being conditioned to mistrust upper class speech, not just in Britain, where it is mocked, but worldwide. The archetypal villain in a Hollywood movie sounds like …
A lesson learnt: A view from the other side
Authors: K. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It was five years ago this month, we were all huddled in a corner of a draughty relatives' room talking in hushed whispers as seemed to befit our presence in the stark clinical surroundings. My grandfather was lying grey and struggling for breath in a bed on the ward outside. It was a weekend and I had rushed down to see him for what we all knew would be the last time. My grandmother was there with my mother and aunt. They knew that he was dying and yet wanted to be given some hope to hang on to. No one seemed to know anything about what was happening to him and their timid attempts at finding out from the nursing staff had got nowhere. With some …
Erythromycin Use Before Induction of General Endotracheal Anesthesia
Authors: Marco G. Patti
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 16592: The Diamond-Forrester Criterion Significantly Overestimates the Risk of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Low-Risk Chest Pain
Authors: Todd Lecher, William R Davidson, Andrew Foy
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: We sought to (1) classify patients who underwent stress echocardiography in an emergency department observation unit based on their pretest probabilities of obstructive CAD using the Diamond-Forrester criterion, (2) to compare observed versus expected frequencies of obstructive CAD based on the Diamond-Forrester risk categories of low (&lt;25%), intermediate (25-75%), and high (&gt;75%) pretest probability of disease, and (3) to test the association of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking) with obstructive CAD. METHODS: Retrospective review of the electronic medical record for patients who presented to the emergency department with chest pain and underwent observation followed by stress echocardiography between the period January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Patients were classified as low, intermediate, or high risk for obstructive CAD using the Diamond-Forrester criterion. Main outcome measures were stress echocardiography results as well as receipt of cardiac catheterization and results. RESULTS: A total of 504 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall, 4.8% had a positive stress test and only 1.2% had angiographic evidence of obstructive CAD. In each category of risk, the observed frequency of obstructive CAD was significantly lower than expected. Having a high pretest probability as defined by the Diamond-Forrester criterion was significantly associated with obstructive CAD. Age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking were not independently associated with evidence of obstructive CAD; nor were any composites of these risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional Diamond-Forrester criterion significantly overestimates the probability of obstructive CAD in ED observation unit patients. Reliance on the Diamond-Forrester criterion and other traditional risk factors associated with obstructive CAD in the outpatient setting could lead to faulty Bayesian reasoning, overuse of non-invasive imaging, and improper interpretation of test results in an ED population of low-risk chest pain patients. Further work is required to determine an optimal risk-assessment strategy for this patient population.
EGF and HGF enhances invasion and migration profile of MUC1 transfected cells in vitro
Authors: Zulfiqar Gulzar, Hanna Romanska, Paul Abel, Sandra Gendler, El-Nasir Lalani
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3031  The highly O glycosylated ectodomain of MUC1 mucin is formed by a variable number of 20 amino acid repeats (VNTR). Although the VNTR is known to influence both cell-cell and cell-extracellular interactions, a potential relationship between VNTR length and MUC1 function in normal and malignant cells remains obscure. Two MUC1 negative cell lines, MDCK and HCT116, were transfected with MUC1 cDNAs containing 8 / 42 tandem repeats (TR) with and without the cytoplasmic tail (CT). Transfected and control cell lines were examined for their migration and invasion profiles using an in vitro modified Boyden Chamber and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively, in the presence and absence of EGF (50ng/ml) and/or HGF (10ng/ml).We observed that both migration and invasion increased with the length of the TR in all CT (+) cell lines. HCT116 and MDCK cells with: i)8TR, were 2 fold (p 0.0001) and 3.2 fold (p 0.0001), respectively and ii) 42 TR, were 4 fold (p 0. 001) and 10 fold (p 0.0001), respectively, more invasive than their vector controls. Invasiveness was further enhanced by stimulation with EGF (50 ng/ml; p 0.010) and HGF (10ng/ml, p 0.031). HGF enhanced the migration capacity of parental and all MUC1 transfectants. Contrastingly, EGF specifically enhanced the migration and invasion capacity of MUC1 transfectants with CT in HCT116. This EGF mediated enhancement was mediated via phosphorylation of MUC1 CT. U0126, a MEK protein inhibitor, significantly decreased (p 0.003 & P 0.0001) invasion and migration in both cell lines also stimulated individually by EGF and HGF. Our results suggest that the MUC1 ectodomain length and a functional CT influence MUC1 expressing cells ability to invade and migrate in vitro. EGF and HGF growth factors enhance the invasion capacity of MUC1 containing cells by recruitment of MEK signaling pathway.
Original article: Rhinoconjunctivitis in 5‐year‐old children: a population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: S. Marinho, A. Simpson, L. Lowe, P. Kissen, C. Murray, A. Custovic
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence, risk factors and natural history of rhinitis in early childhood. Objective: Within the context of a whole‐population birth cohort we investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for current rhinoconjunctivitis (CRC) at age 5 years. Methods: Children were followed prospectively to age 5 years [questionnaires ( n = 815), skin testing ( n = 717), specific immunoglobulin E ( n = 478), lung function ( n = 711), dry air challenge ( n = 556)]. Endotoxin and allergen exposures were measured in dust samples. Results: The prevalence of rhinitis ever, current rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis was 28.2%, 26.1%, and 12.1%, respectively. Asthma, wheeze and eczema coexisted with CRC ( P ≤ 0.01). In a multivariate model, maternal asthma (OR 2.38, 95% CI: 1.30–4.38, P = 0.005), paternal hay fever (1.96, 1.11–3.46, P = 0.02) and sensitization to grass (3.46, 1.86–6.42, P &lt; 0.001) and cat (2.42, 1.14–5.18, P = 0.02) remained significant and independent associates of CRC. Whilst almost half of children with CRC were nonatopic, there was little difference in risk factors between atopic and nonatopic CRC. Amongst children with current wheeze, the presence of concurrent CRC had no effect on either severity or frequency of wheezy episodes. There was no difference in specific airway resistance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) or airway reactivity between children with and without CRC after adjustment for the presence of wheeze. Conclusion: Family history of allergic disease and sensitization to inhalant allergens are risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis in preschool children. In this age group, there is no association between the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis and severity of wheeze, increased airway reactivity and reduced lung function.
Abstract 4323: Mitochondrial 22 tRNAs alterations in Iranian breast cancer patients
Authors: Sara Eslamizadeh, Massoud Ghaffarpour, Mohammad Arabzadeh, Massoud Houshmand
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the genesis of many types of cancers, including breast cancer. Mitochondrial tRNA genes perform several functions including processing and translation in which are essential components of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Until now only few somatic mitochondrial tRNA mutations have been reported in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between mitochondrial DNA mutations and breast cancer. Patients and Methods: In current this study, 22 mitochondrial tRNAs genes in 30 tumoral tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of patients with breast cancer and 100 blood samples of healthy controls were investigate using PCR-Sequencing methods. Results and conclusions: From 30 breast cancer cases, twelve genetic variations were found in 22 tRNA MtDNA. Six of twelve (50%) were novel and remaining was polymorphism. Among new variants, which incloding C1631A (tRNA Val), T1633A (tRNA Val), A5565G (tRNA Trp), G5849A (tRNA Tyr) were at hetroplasmic state and remaining which including C12187 (tRNA His) and A15948G (tRNA Thr) were at homoplasmic. Among variants, A12308G, a polymorphic mutation in V-loop (tRNALeu(CUN)), was found in 23% breast tumoral tissues (7 of 30) and 3%in healthy blood controls (3 of 100), indicating a statistically significant association of the A12308G alteration between tumoral tissues and controls(p &amp;lt; 0.05).Our finding indicate that , the A12308G alteration may increase the risk of breast cancer through its impact on the tRNA structure result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, it may consider as a pathogenic predisposition factor for the breast cancer risk. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sara Eslamizadeh, Massoud Ghaffarpour, Mohammad Arabzadeh, Massoud Houshmand. Mitochondrial 22 tRNAs alterations in Iranian breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4323
Abstract 14862: Gender Differences in Impact of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Low Grade Inflammation on Coronary Microvascular Disease
Authors: Tomonori Akasaka, Seiji Hokimoto, Noriaki Tabata, Kenji Sakamoto, Kenichi Tsujita, Sunao Kojima, Koichi Kaikita, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Specific CYPs localized in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium contribute to the regulation of vascular tone and homeostasis. CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) were found to be an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, and PM is associated with the coronary spasm especially in female. However, it is unknown whether CYP2C19 genotype is associated with the coronary microvascular disease. The aim was to evaluate the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on coronary microvascular disease. Methods: We examined CYP2C19 genotype in patients with microvascular disease (n=40) who were diagnosed by intra-coronary acetylcholine infusion test and healthy subjects (n=455) as control group. We defined the coronary microvascular disease that have no epicardial spasm and have angina, ischemic ECG changes, reduced coronary blood flow, or inversion of lactic acid level between intra-coronary and coronary sinus. CYP2C19 genotypes were divided into 3 groups; (1) CYP2C19*1/*1: EM, (2) one loss-of-function allele (*1/*2, *1/*3: IM), and (3) two loss-of-function alleles (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: PM). Results: The ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 33, 35, and 32% in microvascular disease group, and 32, 49, and 19% in control group. In short, PM frequency was significantly higher in microvascular disease group (32%vs19%,P=0.039). In microvascular disease group, the ratios of CYP2C19 genotype (EM, IM, and PM) were 44, 38, and 19% in male, and 25, 33, and 42% in female, respectively. Briefly, the PM frequency was significantly higher in female than in male (42%vs19%,P=0.011). Moreover, the level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in microvascular disease group (0.37±0.908 vs 0.10±0.240, P&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis for microvascular disease indicated that gender, high age, smoking, hypertension, and the high level of hs-CRP are predictive factors among all subjects. PM is a predictive factor for microvascular disease in female group only (OR3.214, 95%RI 1.286-8.034, P=0.012), but not in male (OR0.909, 95%RI 0.251-3.285, P=0.884). Conclusion: The CYP2C19 two loss-of-function alleles (PM) and low grade inflammation may be associated with pathophysiology of coronary microvascular disease, especially in female.
Economics of Social Security: The Relation of the American Program to Consumption, Savings, Output, and Finance
Authors: Seymour Edwin Harris
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Promotion of cycling and health
Authors: Nanette Mutrie, Fiona Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In this editorial by Nanette Mutrie and Fiona Crawford (BMJ 2010;341:c5405;doi:10.1136/bmj.c5405), the authors have alerted us to an error in the second sentence of the fifth paragraph. It should have read: “Of the 25 studies included in their quantitative synthesis, only seven [not ‘six’] met at least three of the five validity criteria and only one of these [not ‘and none of these’] was based in the United Kingdom, despite the fact that UK studies represented over half of those scrutinised.”
ACANTHOCHEILONEMA PERSTANS—THE PERSISTENT FILARIA: WITH A REPORT OF SIX CASES
Authors: J A ECKER, L L LOVSHIN, A REICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Case Reports1 March 1954ACANTHOCHEILONEMA PERSTANS—THE PERSISTENT FILARIA: WITH A REPORT OF SIX CASESJEROME A. ECKER, M.D., LEONARD L. LOVSHIN, M.D., ALFRED REICH, B.S.JEROME A. ECKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEONARD L. LOVSHIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALFRED REICH, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-40-3-611 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBetween June, 1952, and June, 1953, six patients who had been living in African missions were seen at the Cleveland Clinic with a diagnosis of infestation with Acanthocheilonema perstans. This report summarizes the six cases and emphasizes the importance of blood examination of persons who have been in endemic areas, especially if eosinophilia is present.CASE REPORTSCase 1. A 44 year old woman, a missionary, was first seen on June 5, 1952. She had spent 12 years in the Belgian Congo and had always been in excellent health. There were no symptoms of filariasis such as lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, fever,...Bibliography1. Belding DL: Textbook of clinical pathology, 2nd Ed., 1952, D. Appleton-Century Co., Inc., New York, pp. 502-504. Google Scholar2. CraigFaust CREC: Clinical parasitology, 5th Ed., 1951, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 428-429. Google Scholar3. StittCloughClough ERPWMC: Practical bacteriology, haematology and animal parasitology, 9th Ed., 1938, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Philadelphia, pp. 621, 687. Google Scholar4. , A manual of tropical medicine, prepared by Mackie, T. T., Hunter, G. W., III, and Worth, C. B., 1945, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, p. 331. Google Scholar5. Sharp NA: Filaria perstans; its development in Culicoides austeni , Tr. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 21: 371, 1928. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Fain A: Ann. Soc. belge de méd. trop. 27: 25, 1947. Google Scholar7. Bowie JH: Filariasis (Honyman Gillespie lecture), Edinburgh M. J. 57: 561, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar8. Hawking F: Some recent work on filariasis, Tr. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 44: 153, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Received for publication July 20, 1953.From the Cleveland Clinic and the Frank E. Bunts Educational Institute. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1954Volume 40, Issue 3Page: 611-615KeywordsBloodEosinophiliaFeversFilariasisLymphangitisPediatrics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nasal and exhaled nitric oxide in the specific inhalation challenge
Authors: Irmeli Lindström, Anne Puustinen, Hille Suojalehto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of nasal (NNO) and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in the diagnostics of occupational rhinitis (OR) and asthma (OA).  Methods: A placebo controlled specific inhalation challenge (SIC) was performed to 162 subjects with suspected OA. NNO and FENO were measured using an on-line chemiluminescence analyser (NIOX, Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden) before each challenge, 6-8 hours and 24 hours after each challenge. The significant score change in both nostrils confirmed the positive nasal reaction (Hytonen M. et al Rhinology 1996:34;86-90) and an objectively detected increase in nasal symptoms with non-significant score change the suggestive reaction. FEV1 decline by ≥15% of the pre-challenge value determined the positive bronchial reaction and FEV1 decline byl15% with symptoms the suggestive reaction.  Results: A significant increase in NNO was detected 6-8 hours after the challenge in subjects with a positive nasal reaction (Table 1) and in FENO 24 hours after the challenge in subjects with positive bronchial reaction (p=0.013).  Conclusions: Increases in NNO and FENO may support positive reactions in SIC. The best time point for measuring the NNO seems to be 6-8 hours after exposure.