tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mental disorder in 88 morbidly obese bariatric clinic patients
Authors: D W Black, R B Goldstein, E E Mason
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors sought to determine the association between mental disorder and morbid obesity, defined as weight at least 100% or 100 lb over ideal body weight.Eighty-eight morbidly obese subjects who had come to a tertiary care center surgery clinic requesting vertical banded gastroplasty were systematically interviewed with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders. A comparison group of 76 psychiatrically normal subjects who were matched in age (within 5 years) and gender to the morbidly obese subjects were also interviewed.Most of the morbidly obese subjects were women, were of low socioeconomic status as indicated by method of payment for medical care, weighed more than 300 lb, and had been obese for more than 14 years. The morbidly obese subjects were more likely than the comparison group to have a lifetime history of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, bulimia, and tobacco dependence. The morbidly obese subjects were also more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for one or more personality disorders.Substantial psychopathology exists in morbidly obese individuals requesting gastroplasty, a finding that has important clinical implications.
Characterizing quality of life among patients with chronic mental illness: a critical examination of the self-report methodology
Authors: M Atkinson, S Zibin, H Chuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The purposes of the study were 1) to characterize the quality of life of three patient groups with chronic mental illness, 2) to evaluate differences in reported life quality among the three groups, and 3) to evaluate the validity of a self-report methodology by comparing these results with several objective indicators of life quality.The study group consisted of chronically mentally ill patients with schizophrenia (N = 69), bipolar disorder (N = 37), or major depression (N = 35). Subjects were administered the Quality of Life Index, and comparisons of both objective and self-report life quality indices were made among the three groups. Quality of life ratings of these subjects were also compared with those of patients with a chronic physical illness.The two groups with mood disorders reported significantly lower scores on the Quality of Life Index than the patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, the scores on the Quality of Life Index for patients with schizophrenia were very similar to those of the comparison group of physically ill patients. The opposite trend emerged when groups were compared with respect to objective indicators of life quality. Schizophrenic patients experienced more objectively aversive life circumstances than either of the affectively disturbed groups.The validity of self-report measures of life satisfaction is questioned, particularly for use with affectively disturbed populations, since scores may be influenced by affective bias, poor insight, and recent life events.
Tumor Growth: Suppression in Mice by Submandibular Gland Extirpation 2
Authors: Barry G. W. Arnason, Ewa Chelmicka-Szorc, Kilmer S. McCully, Joel Oger, Michael Young
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Transplanted A-10 breast adenocarcinomas grew more slowly in young-adult male A/HeJ mice from which the submandibular glands had been extirpated than in sham-operated or unoperated control mice of the same strain. The mitotic index was lower in tumors from experimental animals than in those from controls. Vascularization about the tumor margins was also less prominent. The C1300 neuroblastoma grew more slowly in sialoadenectomized mice than in controls. Modulation of tumor growth by factors of salivary gland origin may have been responsible for these effects.
Statement on self-monitoring of peak expiratory flows in the investigation of occupational asthma. Subcommittee on Occupational Allergy of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. American Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. European Respiratory Society. American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
Authors: G Moscato, J Godnic-Cvar, P Maestrelli, JL Malo, PS Burge, R Coifman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)
Evaluation and correlations of the extension of pulmonary cysts in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Mariana Sponholz Araujo, Carolina Salim Gonçalves Freitas, Bruno Guedes Baldi, Gustavo Borges da Silva Teles, Suzana Pinheiro Pimenta, Daniel Antunes Silva Pereira, Olívia Meira Dias, André Nathan Costa, Leticia Kawano-Dourado, Alexandre Kawassaki, Ronaldo Adib Kairalla, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: The best method to assess the extension of pulmonary cysts in HRCT and whether it correlates with six-minute walk test (6MWT) variables, metalloproteinases (MMPs) or vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) dosage have not been defined in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Objectives: To study the extension of pulmonary cysts in HRCT and to determine its correlations with pulmonary function tests, MMPs and VEGF-D dosage, the walking distance and dessaturation–distance ratio (DDR) in 6MWT in LAM (Pimenta, S.P. et al . Clinics 2010;65:841-6). Methods: Data from 23 women with LAM followed at the University of Sao Paulo were evaluated. The extension of pulmonary cysts in HRCT was assessed by computing the cyst volume over the entire lung volume. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to establish the association between the extension of cysts and the other variables. Results: The mean age was 46 ± 8 years. The extension of cysts in HRCT was 6.8% (median). Mean FEV1/FVC, FEV1, DLCO and RV/TLC were, respectively, 0.68 ± 0.19, 76 ± 25%pred, 65 ± 25%pred and 0.37 ± 0.08. The distance walked was 508 ± 112m, while the DDR was 4 (median). VEGF-D serum level was 464 (median) . The extension of cysts correlated best with DLCO (r=-0.82, p<0.0001), FEV1/FVC (r=-0.84, p<0.0001), RV/TLC (r=0.64, p<0.0001), and DDR (r=0.76, p<0.0001). A weak correlation was found with VEGF-D (r=0.45, p=0.03). There was no correlation with the walking distance or the level of MMPs. Conclusions: The severity of pulmonary cystic involvement was mild and correlated with airway obstruction, air trapping, DLCO, and DDR. The use of VEGF-D and MMPs to assess the severity of LAM remains controversial.
Effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and blood pressure control on chronic, nondiabetic nephropathies. Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia (GISEN).
Authors: P Ruggenenti, A Perna, R Benini, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine CCB) adversely affect renal function in diabetes. The effects of dihydropyridine CCB on 24-h urinary protein excretion rate and GFR decline (deltaGFR) were prospectively evaluated in 117 nondiabetic patients with chronic, proteinuric nephropathies enrolled in the Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy study and randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) or placebo plus conventional antihypertensive therapy. Sixty-three percent of patients were treated with dihydropyridine CCB. During follow-up, CCB-treated compared with no CCB patients had higher proteinuria (mean+/-SEM: 4.8+/-0.2 g/24 h versus 4.2+/-0.2 g/24 h, respectively, P = 0.015) and mean arterial BP (MAP). The difference in proteinuria was significant in the placebo group (5.1+/-0.2 g/24 h versus 4.3+/-0.3 g/24 h, P = 0.02), but not in the ACEI group (4.4+/-0.2 g/24 h versus 4.1+/-0.2 g/24 h). Of note, CCB-treated patients had significantly less proteinuria (P = 0.028) in the ACEI group compared with placebo. CCB-treated versus no CCB patients had a faster deltaGFR in the overall study population and in the placebo group, but not in the Ramipril group. Proteinuria was comparable in CCBtreated and no CCB patients for MAP < or = 100 mmHg, but was higher in CCB-treated patients for MAP >100 mmHg. Similarly, proteinuria was comparable in the placebo and in the ACEI group for MAP < or = 100 mmHg, but was higher in the placebo group for MAP >100 mmHg. In CCB- and placebo-treated patients, a linear correlation (P = 0.006 for both groups) was found between proteinuria and MAP values. MAP, proteinuria, and deltaGFR in patients given nifedipine versus those given other dihydropyridine CCB were comparable. Thus, in nondiabetic proteinuric nephropathies, dihydropyridine CCB may have an adverse effect on renal protein handling that depends on the severity of hypertension and is minimized by ACEI therapy or tight BP control. ACE inhibitors may electively limit proteinuria in patients on dihydropyridine CCB treatment and/or with uncontrolled hypertension.
Does tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced by lipopolysaccharide have a positive feedback effect on the up-regulation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) messenger RNA by monocytes from COPD patients?
Authors: Jennie Gane, Elizabeth Sapey, Robert Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Monocytes are the principal source of the cytokine TNF-α and both play a role in COPD pathogenesis. There is a relative lack of data regarding the autocrine effects of TNF-α in this cell type.  Objectives  The study aimed to investigate the role of TNF-α in contributing to the up-regulation of the chemokine IL-8 by monocytes. We hypothesised that co-incubation with a monoclonal TNF-α antibody (Mab) would abrogate IL-8 message production caused by TNF-α.  Methods  Monocytes from 16 subjects with COPD were stimulated with 100ng/ml of Salmonella Enterica Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 100ng/ml LPS in the presence of 10mcg/ml of TNF-α Mab or were un-stimulated. mRNA was extracted from cells at 5 time-points over 24 hours and reverse transcribed. The expression of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA was quantified using real time PCR, normalised against the stably expressed glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene.  Results  LPS elicited statistically significant increases in TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA expression at each time-point (except 0.5 hours) over that by quiescent cells (p values   Conclusions  LPS initiates an autocrine positive feedback loop whereby TNF-α signals to the monocyte to enhance IL8 mRNA production/persistence. This effect can be abrogated by TNF-α Mab.
Autophagy in airway diseases: a new frontier in human asthma?
Authors: A. A. Zeki, B. Yeganeh, N. J. Kenyon, M. Post, S. Ghavami
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract The study of autophagy (‘self‐eating’), a fundamental cell fate pathway involved in physiological and pathological subcellular processes, opens a new frontier in the continuous search for novel therapies for human asthma. Asthma is a complex syndrome with different disease phenotypes. Autophagy plays a central role in cell physiology, energy and metabolism, and cell survival. Autophagy's hallmark is the formation of double‐membrane autophagic autophagosomes, and this process is operational in airway epithelial and mesenchymal cells in asthma. Genetic associations between autophagy genes and asthma have been observed including single nucleotide polymorphisms in Atg5 which correlate with reduced lung function. Immune mechanisms important in asthma such as Th2 cells and eosinophils also manifest autophagy. Lastly, we address the role of autophagy in extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis in asthmatic airways remodeling, a pathologic process still without effective therapy, and discuss potential pharmacologic inhibitors. We end by offering two opposing but plausible hypotheses as to how autophagy may be directly involved in airway fibrosis.
Evolution of influenza virus genes.
Authors: H Hayashida, H Toh, R Kikuno, T Miyata
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1985)

The nucleotide sequences of the eight different influenza A virus segments (genes) were compared among 14 different subtypes. These comparisons demonstrate the presence of molecular clocks in the viral genes; they accumulated both silent and amino acid-changing substitutions at approximately constant rates with respect to time during evolution. In addition, comparison of the rates of evolution among the eight viral genes, excluding the P2 gene, revealed a rapid and roughly equal rate of silent substitution for different genes. The P2 gene exception is explained as the result of recombination (reassortment) between distantly related strains. The rate of amino acid-changing substitution differs greatly from gene to gene. The rate of silent substitution was estimated to be 1.1 X 10(-2)/site/year on the average--that is, about 2 X 10(6) times higher than eukaryotic gene equivalents, which is remarkable. Strain A/USSR/90/77 was shown to evolve with a rate that is similar to those of other strains but to behave as if replication was frozen during a certain period (Nakajima et al. 1978). The frozen period was estimated to be 25 yr on the basis of the molecular clock. A similar analysis revealed another example of frozen replication--in this case, apparently for a period of about 9 yr--in a duck strain, A/duck/Ontario/77.
Angiotensin stimulates bicarbonate transport and Na+/K+ ATPase in rat proximal straight tubules.
Authors: J L Garvin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

The effect of angiotensin on HCO3- absorption, fluid absorption, and Na+/K+ ATPase activity in isolated rat proximal straight tubules was investigated. During the control period, tubules absorbed fluid at 0.66 +/- 0.12 nL/mm.min and bicarbonate at 60.2 +/- 10.7 pmol/mm.min. After 10(-10) M angiotensin was added to the bath, tubules absorbed fluid at 0.93 +/- 0.19 nL/mm.min and bicarbonate at 77.4 +/- 15.2 pmol/mm.min, indicating stimulation of both parameters. Time controls showed no significant change in the rate of bicarbonate or fluid absorption. To determine whether this stimulation was due to an increase in the maximum rate of transport, tubules were perfused at greater than or equal to 20 nL/mm.min. During the control period, tubules absorbed bicarbonate at 82.5 +/- 13.0 pmol/mm.min. After 10(-10) M angiotensin was added to the bath, these same tubules absorbed bicarbonate at 75.9 +/- 11.9 pmol/mm.min. Thus, angiotensin did not alter the maximum rate of transport. Angiotensin also had no effect on bicarbonate permeability, which was 1.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(-4) cm/s before treatment and 1.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) cm/s afterward. Finally, the effect of angiotensin on Na+/K+ ATPase activity was measured in paired experiments. Na+/K+ ATPase activity of control tubules was 36 +/- 6 pmol of ADP/mm.min; after angiotensin treatment, it was 47 +/- 6 pmol ADP/mm.min. From these data it was concluded that: (1) angiotensin stimulates bicarbonate absorption in the rat proximal straight tubule; (2) this stimulation is the result of a change in Km rather than of an increase in the maximum rate of transport or permeability; and (3) angiotensin directly stimulates Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the proximal nephron.
Changes in Lymphoreticular Tissues During Growth of a Murine Adenocarcinoma. II. Nucleic Acid Content and Synthesis in Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. J. Edwards, G. F. Rowland, M. R. Sumner, C. M. Hurd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)
Microarray profile of differentially expressed genes in a monkey model of allergic asthma
Authors: Jun Zou, Simon Young, Feng Zhu, Ferdous Gheyas, Susan Skeans, Yuntao Wan, Luquan Wang, Wei Ding, Motasim Billah, Terri McClanahan, Robert L Coffman, Robert Egan, Shelby Umland
Journal: Genome biology (2002)
Testing the Retrovirus Hypothesis of Manic Depression and Schizophrenia with Molecular Genetic Techniques
Authors: H M D Gurling
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

Crow's viral hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that psychosis may be the result of mutagenesis caused by viral integration or transposition in human genomic DNA. Molecular genetic techniques can be used to systematically investigate this hypothesis. In a study of genomic lymphocyte DNA unexpected DNA polymorphisms which were probably insertions and deletions were found in specific human genomic retroviral (proviral) related sequences. However these changes were found exclusively in normal Icelandic individuals and are probably of evolutionary origin. The extent to which human retroviral insertion and deletion has taken place and the mobility of such sequences will help in understanding their evolutionary origin and might provide a source of polymorphic marker sequences that could be used in genetic linkage studies of disease.
Chronic exposure to microcystin-LR: Pulmonary and upper respiratory tract impairment
Authors: Vinicius Oliveira, Eliete Pinto, Viviane Mancin, Raquel Soares, Sandra Azevedo, Ruy Pires-Neto, Thais Mauad, Debora Faffe, Alysson Carvalho, Walter Zin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Microcystin-LR (MCYST-LR) is a toxin commonly released by cyanobacteria in water reservoirs. It can damage the lung if absorbed by oral, venous or respiratory routes.   Aim:  To verify the putative lung mechanical and histological impairment and the upper airways of mice after chronic intra-nasal instillation of MCYST-LR.   Methods:  Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) were daily intranasally instilled with 10 μL of distilled water (AD group, n=10) or 6.7 ng/kg of MCYST-LR diluted in 10 μL of distilled water (TOX, n=8) 7 days/week for 1 month. Lung mechanics was determined 24 h after the last instillation. Lungs and nasal cavity were prepared for histological analysis (hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue, respectively).   Results:  TOX showed higher static elastance and viscoelastic component of elastance (33.9±1.2 and 5.2±0.4 cmH 2 O/mL, respectively), viscoelastic/inhomogenous pressure and total resistive pressure (1.0±0.1 and 2.0±0.2 cmH 2 O, respectively) than AD (26.4±2.6 and 3.7±0.3 cmH 2 O/mL, 0.7±0.1 and 1.5±0.1 cmH 2 O, respectively). Alveolar collapse and polymorphonuclear cell content were significantly larger in TOX group (41.2%, and 8.1×10 -3  cells/mm 2 ) than in AD (3.1% and 2.3×10 -3  cells/mm 2 ). TOX displayed a significantly higher volume proportion of mucous substances in the nasal epithelium (61.5%) than AD (38.5%). T-test was used (α = 5%).   Conclusion:  Prolonged exposure to low levels of microcystin-LR triggered pulmonary tissue mechanical impairment, damage to lung histology and secretory changes in the nasal cavity of mice. Thus, frequent exposure to low levels of MCYST-LR can damage the respiratory system and should be avoided.  Supported by: CNPq, FAPERJ, MCT
Heme oxygenase-1 and inflammation in experimental right ventricular failure on prolonged overcirculation-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Asmae Belhaj, Laurence Dewachter, François Kerbaul, Serge Brimioulle, Céline Dewachter, Robert Naeije, Benoit Rondelet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a stress response enzyme which presents with cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. Six-month chronic overcirculation-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in piglets has been previously reported as a model of right ventricular (RV) failure related to the RV activation of apoptotic and inflammatory processes. We hypothesized that altered HO-1 signalling could be involved in pulmonary vascular and RV changes. Fifteen growing piglets were assigned to a sham operation (n=8) or to an anastomosis of the left innominate artery to the pulmonary arterial trunk (n=7). Six months later, hemodynamics was evaluated after closure of the shunt. Pulmonary and myocardial tissue was sampled for pathobiological evaluation. Shunting was associated with a tendency to decreased pulmonary gene and protein expressions of HO-1, while pulmonary gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-33, IL-19, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and -2 were increased. Pulmonary expressions of constitutive HO-2 and pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α remained unchanged. Pulmonary vascular resistance was inversely correlated to pulmonary HO-1 protein and IL-19 gene expressions, and correlated to pulmonary ICAM-1 gene expression. Pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness and PVR were inversely correlated to pulmonary IL-19 expression. RV expression of HO-1 was decreased, while RV gene expressions TNF-α and ICAM-2 were increased. There was a correlation between RV-pulmonary artery coupling and RV HO-1 expression. These results suggest that downregulation of HO-1 contributes to PAH and RV failure in overcirculation-induced PAH.
Treatment of locally unresectable cancer of the stomach and pancreas: a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil alone with radiation plus concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil--an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.
Authors: D J Klaassen, J M MacIntyre, G E Catton, P F Engstrom, C G Moertel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

One hundred ninety-one patients with pathologically confirmed, locally unresectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach (57 patients) and pancreas (91 patients), were randomly allocated to therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone, 600 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) once weekly, or radiation therapy, 4,000 rad, plus adjuvant 5-FU, 600 mg/m2 IV, the first three days of radiotherapy, then follow-up maintenance 5-FU, 600 mg/m2, weekly. Forty-three patients (22%) could not be analyzed because of ineligibility or cancellation, thus 148 patients were evaluable. The median survival time was similar for both treatment programs and for both types of primary carcinoma, and was as follows: gastric primary carcinoma, 5-FU, 9.3 months; 5-FU plus radiotherapy, 8.2 months; pancreatic primary carcinoma, 5-FU, 8.2 months; 5-FU plus radiotherapy, 8.3 months. Substantially more toxicity was experienced by patients treated with the combined modality arm than by those patients receiving 5-FU alone. Severe or worse toxicity experienced by patients with gastric primary carcinoma treated by 5-FU was 19%, and the combined modality arm was 31%. The toxicity experienced by patients with pancreatic primary carcinoma treated with 5-FU was 27%, and the combined modality arm was 51%. Significant prognostic variables included: weight loss in stomach-cancer patients; and performance status, degree of anaplasia, and reduced appetite in pancreas-cancer patients.