tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in advanced carcinoma of the urothelium: an active and tolerable outpatient regimen.
Authors: D J Vaughn, S B Malkowicz, B Zoltick, R Mick, P Ramchandani, C Holroyde, B Armstead, K Fox, A Wein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine the toxicity and efficacy of an outpatient regimen of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received paclitaxel 150 to 225 mg/m2 over 3 hours followed by carboplatin (targeted area under the concentration-time curve [AUC], 6 mg/mL x min) every 3 weeks. During phase I accrual, 16 patients were treated; 17 additional patients were enrolled at the phase II dose. The median age was 70 years (range, 47 to 82). The median serum creatinine concentration was 1.1 mg/dL (range, 0.7 to 2.7) and the median estimated creatinine clearance was 52 mL/min (range, 24 to 110). RESULTS During phase I accrual, the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of the regimen was not defined. Phase II accrual occurred at the paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 dose level. A total of 156 cycles were administered. The median number of cycles received was five (range, one to eight). Sensorimotor neuropathy was the principal nonhematologic toxicity. Significant granulocytopenia was common, but significant thrombocytopenia was not. Objective responses were demonstrated at all dose levels. At the phase II dose (paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 followed by carboplatin at AUC 6 mg/mL x min), the objective response rate was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28% to 72%). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel plus carboplatin is an active and tolerable outpatient treatment for patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium. The ability to administer this combination over multiple cycles even to patients with advanced age and abnormal renal function makes it well suited for this patient population. Confirmatory trials of this regimen are ongoing.
Introduction of Anthony S. Fauci, MD
Authors: John I. Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

President Ausiello, members and guests of the association: I am very proud to have the honor to introduce this year’s George M. Kober medalist, my good friend Anthony S. Fauci, MD.

George Martin Kober lived from 1850 to 1931 and was very active in the Association of American Physicians (AAP), serving as secretary from 1909 to 1917. From “. . . all accounts [he] . . . had great strength of character, loyalty both to persons and principles, together with humility and humanity of high degree” (1). This year’s medalist has all these qualities. 

Anthony Stephen Fauci — Tony — was born on Christmas Eve, 1940. Headlines in the New York Times on that cool and cloudy winter day proclaimed “Churchill Bids Italy Oust Mussolini; Greeks Take Another Coastal Town; Germans Rain Bombs on Manchester.” One article touted “Turkey and Fixins in Home only $6.40.”
Local Tumor Regression After Intralesional Injection of Croton Oil
Authors: E Yarkoni, H J Rapp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Intralesional administration of emulsified croton oil into established syngeneic transplants of murine firosarcoma no. 1023 caused complete regression of the injected tumors in C3H mice without recurrence during the period of observation. In Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs, in contrast to BCG cell wall vaccine which eradicated regional lymph node metastasis as well as dermal transplants, croton oil treatment only delayed the development of metastatic disease despite the fact that the injected skin tumors did not recur. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), the active principle of croton oil, incorporated in mineral oil droplets in aqueous suspension, caused regression of murine tumors when injected intralesionally. Aqueous suspensions of TPA failed to eliminate the tumors. Our results suggest that tumor regression induced by croton oil of TPA emulsions was due to indiscriminate destruction of the injected tissue.
Diabetes epidemic in newly westernized populations: is it due to thrifty genes or to genetically unknown foods?
Authors: Riccardo Baschetti
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

Until a few decades ago, certain 'new-world' populations that kept to traditional dietary habits were virtually free from diabetes; then, after they began eating some foods that are common in Europe, the disease reached epidemic proportions. Europeans, by contrast, have a low rate of diabetes. To account for this paradox, it has been suggested that those new-world populations have a thrifty genotype, which would have conferred a selective advantage during the frequent famines of the past, while today it would be detrimental because the recently adopted foods are constantly available. Here it is proposed that thrifty genes are unlikely to exist. Both the diabetes epidemics that occur in newly westernized populations and the low rate of diabetes in Europeans can be explained by the hypothesis that Europeans, through millenary natural selection, have become adapted, albeit incompletely, to some diabetogenic foods for which humankind is genetically unequipped.
Is systematic polygraphy necessary during long-term continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in children?
Authors: Alessandro Amaddeo, Valeria Caldarelli, Marta Fernandez-Bolanos, Johan Moreau, Sonia Khirani, Brigitte Fauroux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  The persistence of respiratory events during nCPAP in children has not been studied. The present study aims to describe respiratory events during nCPAP and to determine their clinical consequences.   Materials and Methods:  31 nocturnal polygraphic (PG) recordings were performed in 27 stable patients under nCPAP (7 female, mean 7.3±5.9 years), without any clinical symptom of persistent sleep disordered-breathing (SDB). PGs were scored using SomnoNIV Group definitions. For every event, the presence of a desaturation (≥3% fall of pulse oximetry (SpO2)) or a respiratory related autonomic micro-arousal (RAM), defined as ≥30% decrease in pulse wave amplitude, was systematically searched.   Results:  Nocturnal mean nocturnal SpO2, overnight transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) and desaturation index were 97±1%; 41±5 mmHg and 3±4 respectively. Mean % of time spent with PtcCO2 g50mmHg was 4±14%. Mean index of event per hour for unintentional leaks, partial or total upper airway obstruction ± reduction of ventilatory drive, decreased ventilatory drive, and mixed events was 0.3; 0.6; 1.6; 0.2 and 0.05 respectively. These events were associated with a desaturation in 19%, 29%, 48%, 25% and 6% and with a RAM, in 22%, 13%, 48%, 25% and 6% of patients respectively. The mean percentage of total time spent with an event was 7±10%. A predominant event was always identified and represented 80±24% of total time spent with respiratory events.   Conclusion:  Respiratory events are rare during nCPAP in children without residual symptoms of SDB. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal timing of PG during nCPAP in children.
Fighting obesity
Authors: Anjali Jain
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>SUMMARY:</h3> Thanatophoric dysplasia, achondroplasia, and hypochondroplasia belong to the <i>fibroblast growth factor receptor 3</i> (<i>FGFR3</i>) group of genetic skeletal disorders. Temporal lobe abnormalities have been documented in thanatophoric dysplasia and hypochondroplasia, and in 1 case of achondroplasia. We retrospectively identified 13 children with achondroplasia who underwent MR imaging of the brain between 2002 and 2015. All children demonstrated a deep transverse temporal sulcus on MR imaging. Further common neuroimaging findings were incomplete hippocampal rotation (12 children), oversulcation of the mesial temporal lobe (11 children), loss of gray-white matter differentiation of the mesial temporal lobe (5 children), and a triangular shape of the temporal horn (6 children). These appearances are very similar to those described in hypochondroplasia, strengthening the association of temporal lobe malformations in <i>FGFR3</i>-associated skeletal dysplasias.
Identification of stable housekeeping genes for real-time PCR in human pulmonary fibroblasts
Authors: Carmel Stock, Patricia Leoni, Xu Shi-Wen, David Abraham, Andrew Nicholson, Athol Wells, Elizabeth Renzoni, Gisela Lindahl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Quantitative real time PCR is an important tool in investigating gene transcription levels under different biological conditions. Accurate results rely on controlling for differences in mRNA quantity and quality between samples, commonly achieved by normalisation to expression of housekeeping genes (HKGs). Expression stability of the HKGs used is critical, but to date no systematic study has been performed in pulmonary fibroblasts.

Methods: Microarray data of gene expression in explanted fibroblasts from SSc-ILD (systemic sclerosis lung biopsies, n=8) and control (normal periphery of resected tumors, n=10) lung tissue was used to assess variation in expression of commonly used HKGs; ACTB , GAPDH , HPRT1 , RPL32 , TBP , and YWHAZ (HUGO nomenclature). The four most stable genes (<15% variability) were tested by qRT-PCR in an independent experiment in which SSc-ILD (n=3) and control (n=3) fibroblasts were cultured in 0.1% BSA for 24hrs, and a further 24hrs with or without IFNγ (10ng/mL). A measure of expression stability (M), the average pairwise variation with each of the other studied genes (with a recommended maximum value of 1.5) for each HKG, was calculated using the program geNorm (Vandesompele, J. et al. Genome Biology 2002;3:34.1-12).

Results: While ACTB and GAPDH were relatively unstable, the four HKGs tested further in geNorm all had an expression stability of M<1.0; the most stable gene was YWHAZ (M=0.56), followed by HPRT1 (M=0.60), RPL32 (M=0.67), and TBP (M=0.70).

Conclusion: We have identified four HKGs suitable for normalisation of mRNA expression levels in human lung fibroblasts under the conditions tested, and show the necessity for empirical identification of HKGs.
Compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin cause skin fragility and woolly hair
Authors: F.J.D. Smith, N.J. Wilson, C. Moss, P. Dopping-Hepenstal, J. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin cause skin fragility and woolly hair Get access F.J.D. Smith, F.J.D. Smith Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.J. Wilson, N.J. Wilson Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Moss, C. Moss Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Dopping‐Hepenstal, P. Dopping‐Hepenstal St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, The Robin Eady National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, GSTS Pathology, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. McGrath J. McGrath St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, U.K. E‐mail: f.j.d.smith@dundee.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 4, 1 April 2012, Pages 894–896, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10664.x Published: 01 April 2012
Traditional healers may cause dangerous delays
Authors: A. Smyth, M. Martin, J. Cairns
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Rajendra Kale's article on traditional healers in South Africa commends traditional medicine for its holistic approach but acknowledges that “unfortunately there have been no studies of the efficacy of traditional remedies.”1 Some traditional remedies used in Africa are effective—for instance, simple purgatives in constipation. Others use the placebo effect and are used in illnesses recognised by traditional healers as self limiting or due to anxiety states. …
Prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis with clotrimazole.
Authors: E Yeo, T Alvarado, V Fainstein, G P Bodey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

A total of 202 evaluable cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive oral clotrimazole as antifungal prophylaxis during hospitalization. Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurred in 1% of the former patients and 27% of the latter patients (P less than .00001). Candida sp were cultured from the initial throat specimens of 53 control patients and 55 patients who received prophylaxis. Oropharyngeal candidiasis subsequently developed in 2% of the former patients and 38% of the latter patients (P = less than .00001). Oral clotrimazole is an effective agent for prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in susceptible cancer patients.
Atopic sensitization at the first wheeze is associated with longer daily asthma controller therapy: A 7-year follow-up
Authors: Minna Lukkarinen, Pasi Lehtinen, Tytti Vuorinen, Olli Ruuskanen, Tuomas Jartti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Rhinovirus-associated early wheezing has been recognized as a new and important risk factor for asthma in children.   Objective:  To investigate whether rhinovirus etiology or other factors affect the duration of daily asthma controller therapy in children.   Methods:  This  post hoc  analysis of 111 infants, hospitalized for the first wheeze and participating in a larger randomized double-blind trial (Vinku-study) comparing 3 days’ oral prednisolone course with placebo. They were followed-up for 7 years. We analyzed whether virus etiology (rhinovirus, RSV), atopic sensitization (cut-off >0.35 kU/L for common food and aeroallergens), atopic features (eczema, blood eosinophil count), prednisolone, and other host or environmental risk factors for asthma (age, sex, parental asthma) obtained at study entry affected the duration of daily asthma controller therapy (in years). Cox model was used and adjusted to age, rhinovirus, eczema, blood eosinophil count >0.4 x 10 9 /L, and prednisolone intervention when relevant.   Results:  At study entry the median age was 12 months (range 3-35 months). Daily asthma controller therapy was started in 51/111 (46%) children for recurrent wheezing, and so far, we have analyzed this population. The only risk factor for longer therapy was atopic sensitization at the time of the first wheeze (hazard ratio 3.39; 95% confidence interval 1.08-10.6). Rhinovirus etiology or other studied factors had no effect.   Conclusions:  Atopic sensitization at the time of the first wheeze seems to be closely associated with the longer duration of daily asthma controller therapy in young children. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT 00494624).
Abstract 13098: Mechanically-Induced Premature Ventricular Excitation is Mediated by Cation Non-Selective Stretch-Activated Channels and Depends on the Extent of Local Tissue Deformation in Isolated Rabbit Heart
Authors: T Alexander Quinn, Honghua Jin, Peter Kohl
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Myocardial stretch can cause arrhythmia. The relative importance of local vs. global stimuli is unknown. We hypothesize that mechanically-induced premature ventricular excitation (PVE...
Bronchiectasis in severe uncontrolled asthma: A common feature
Authors: Katerina Dimakou, Kyriaki Tsikristsaki, Christina Triantaphyllidou, Katerina Malagari, Loukas Thanos, Vasilis Galenderidis, Manto Liapikou, Michael Toumbis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The presence of bronchiectasis may contribute to severity of asthma and affect its managment. Thus, we estimated the incidence of bronchiectasis and its correlation with the clinical and functional parameters in severe asthma. High resolution computed tomography was performed in all patients and Smith scale for bronchectasis was assesed.

Thirty patients (20 women) with partly controlled (20%) or uncontrolled asthma (80%), mean aged of 57 years (30-83) were studied. Twenty two of them were non smokers. The main symptoms were: cough (90%), wheezing (96,6%), dyspnea (96,6%), and expectoration (76,6%). The latter was mucoid (47,8%), mucopurulent (43,5%), and purulent (8,7%). The mean duration of asthma was 15,9 years (2-50), the frequency of exacerbations was 4,6/ year (0-10), the number of systemic steroid cycles/year was 4,6 (0-12), and the number of antibiotic cycles/year was 3 (0-9). The mean FEV1 was 67,6% of pred, (46-128), FVC 79,8% of pred. (46-128), and FEV1/FVC 68,2% (43-83). Seven patients (23,3%) were colonized with pathogens. Bronchiectasis (smith score ≥3) was diagnosed in 24 patients (80%). The severity of bronchiectasis was correlated with the number of antibiotic cycles/year (p=0,016), the positive sputum culture and the sputum quality (p= 0,006). The positive sputum culture was also correlated with the number of antibiotic cycles/year (p= 0,0003), and sputum quality (p= 0,0035).

In conclusion, in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma the incidence of bronchiectasis on HRCT is very high. Bronchial colonization and sputum purulence may indicate the presence of this comorbidity and the need of antibiotics as an additional treatment.
Fine Structure of the Burkitt Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B. G. Achong, M. A. Epstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Fine Structure of the Burkitt Tumor Get access B. G. Achong, B. G. Achong The Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1., England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. A. Epstein M. A. Epstein The Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, W. 1., England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 36, Issue 5, May 1966, Pages 877–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/36.5.877 Published: 01 May 1966 Article history Received: 12 August 1965 Published: 01 May 1966
Monitoring of Murine Osteosarcoma by Serial Alkaline Phosphatase Determinations2
Authors: Vithal K. Ghanta, Raymond N. Hiramoto, Andrew B. Weiss, Lynita Caudill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

To establish that alkaline phosphatase (AP) was released by osteosarcoma cells, we measured this enzyme in C3H/HeJ mice with im-implanted osteosarcoma and in in vitro cultures of neoplastic cells subjected to short-term incubation. We found that 105 osteosarcoma cells synthesized a significant amount of AP in vitro in 30 minutes at 37° C. A good correlation existed between pulmonary metastatic tumors and the AP values. Serum AP measurements indicated approximate sizes of disseminated and localized tumors, but could not monitor early localized tumors.
Immunologic Methods for the Identification of Cell Types. II. Expression of Normal Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cell Antigens in Mammary Neoplasia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Roberto L. Ceriani, Jerry A. Peterson, S. Abraham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Immunologic Methods for the Identification of Cell Types. II. Expression of Normal Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cell Antigens in Mammary Neoplasia Get access Roberto L. Ceriani, Roberto L. Ceriani 3Bruce Lyon Memorial Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 51st and Grove Sts., Oakland, Calif. 94609. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerry A. Peterson, Jerry A. Peterson 3Bruce Lyon Memorial Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 51st and Grove Sts., Oakland, Calif. 94609. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Abraham S. Abraham 3Bruce Lyon Memorial Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 51st and Grove Sts., Oakland, Calif. 94609. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 3, September 1978, Pages 747–751, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.3.747 Published: 01 September 1978 Article history Received: 23 August 1977 Revision received: 02 March 1978 Accepted: 13 April 1978 Published: 01 September 1978
Letter by Mosley Regarding Article, “Iron Homeostasis and Pulmonary Hypertension: Iron Deficiency Leads to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in the Rat”
Authors: Jonathan D. Mosley, Evan L. Brittain, James E. Loyd, Joshua C. Denny, Eric D. Austin, Emma K. Larkin
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)
Results of a phase 2b multi-center trial of ALN-RSV01 in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected lung transplant patients
Authors: Amy Simon, Verena Karsten, Jeff Cehelsky, Shaily Shah, Jared Gollob, Rachel Meyers, Akshay Vaishnaw, Allan Glanville, Martin Zamora, John DeVincenzo, Selim Arcasoy, Michael Musk, Urte Sommerwerk, Jens Gottlieb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

ALN-RSV01 is a small interfering RNA targeting RSV replication. A Phase 2a randomized, controlled trial in 24 RSV-infected lung transplant patients administering nebulized ALN-RSV01 or PBO daily for 3 days was previously conducted in which ALN-RSV01 led to a significant decrease in new or progressive bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) at Day 90 (p=0.027). We have now performed a Phase 2b multi-center, randomized, double-blind, PBO controlled trial in 87 RSV-infected lung transplant patients to examine the impact of ALN-RSV01 on the incidence of new or progressive BOS at Day 180. RSV positive subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive nebulized ALN-RSV01 or PBO daily for 5 days, alongside the institution9s standard-of-care. Patients were prospectively stratified for: 1) days from symptom onset to treatment; and 2) pre-infection BOS grade. Of the 3,985 patients prescreened, 218 were RSV positive, of which 45 were randomized to receive ALN-RSV01 and 42 to receive PBO [intent-to-treat (ITT) population]. Ten patients were without confirmed RSV by central laboratory testing, thus a total of 77 patients (ALN-RSV01, n=44; PBO, n=33) comprised the ITTc (ITT central RSV+) population. Baseline viral load was balanced between both treatments. ALN-RSV01 was generally safe and well tolerated. There was a decrease in new or progressive BOS at Day 180 in ALN-RSV01-treated patients compared to PBO in the ITTc population (13.6% vs 30.3%, p=0.058), which was statistically significant by prospectively defined Last Observation Carried Forward (p=0.028) and Per-Protocol (p=0.025) analyses. ALN-RSV01 had a treatment effect of 54-65% in all of the pre-specified populations.