tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV antigen and antibody detection: variable responses to infection in the Edinburgh haemophiliac cohort
Authors: P Simmonds, F A L Lainson, R Cuthbert, C M Steel, J F Peutherer, C A Ludlam
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Sequential serum samples from 18 haemophiliac patients exposed simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1) in early 1984 were tested retrospectively for serological markers of infection. Assay for total antibodies to HIV established that the time to seroconversion might be as long as 110 days after exposure to contaminated factor VIII; serum samples were also tested by Western blotting, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific antibodies to envelope and core proteins, and for p24 antigen by two assay systems during the two years after infection. The studies showed that five of the 12 patients for whom serum samples obtained between exposure and seroconversion were available had transient p24 antigenaemia. Although amounts of total antibody to HIV and of antibodies to envelope proteins rose continuously during the two years of the study, amounts of antibody to the core protein were variable and tended to decline in patients who became symptomatic. Two patients had persistent p24 antigenaemia that began four months after seroconversion; these patients remained asymptomatic. One patient who developed the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) had transient antigenaemia at the time of seroconversion but failed to show any antigen for the rest of the study; progression to AIDS was accompanied by an increase in antibodies to envelope proteins. Much of the variability in the course of infection with HIV must represent the differences in the susceptibility of the patients to infection.
High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load as the most important risk factor for HBV reactivation in patients positive for HBV surface antigen undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: George K. K. Lau, Yu-hung Leung, Daniel Y. T. Fong, Wing-yan Au, Yok-lam Kwong, Albert Lie, Ji-lin Hou, Yu-mei Wen, Amin Nanj, Raymond Liang
Journal: Blood (2002)
TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE DESIRE REGISTRY: A SINGLE-CENTER PERSPECTIVE ON DRUG-ELUTING STENTS A DECADE LATER
Authors: Jos&eacute; de Ribamar Costa, Amanda Sousa, Adriana Moreira, Ricardo Costa, Manuel Cano, Galo Maldonado, Bruno Palmieri, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> associated diarrhoea: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: John Starr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<i>While John Starr was working as a senior registrar at the Hammersmith Hospital in London, an upsurge in episodes of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> associated diarrhoea seemed to be associated with increasing use of third generation cephalosporins. This article seeks to clarify some of the diagnostic problems and help with appropriate treatment of this condition.</i>
Ceftazidime Compared with Piperacillin and Tobramycin for the Empiric Treatment of Fever in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: Ben E. De Pauw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To compare piperacillin and tobramycin with ceftazidime alone for the empiric treatment of fever in the neutropenic patient without evidence of skin infections or anaerobic infections. Design: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Patients: 876 febrile, neutropenic episodes in 696 patients (83% acute leukemia or bone marrow transplantation); 92 episodes were excluded from analysis because of protocol violation. Interventions: Patients received either intravenous ceftazidime (2 g every 8 h) or piperacillin (12 to 18 g/d in 4 to 6 divided doses) plus tobramycin (1.7 to 2.0 mg/kg body weight every 8 h). Treatment could be modified at any time at the discretion of the investigator. Measurements: Percentage of satisfactory response, eradication of the infecting organism, development of superinfections, and occurrence of adverse events. Results: As a single agent, ceftazidime was as effective as the combination of piperacillin and tobramycin (62.7% satisfactory responses compared with 61.1%; odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.44; P > 0.2). Equivalent responses were also obtained in episodes of profound neutropenia (odds ratio, 0.76; CI, 0.43 to 1.33; P > 0.2). Infectious mortality was 6% for ceftazidime and 8% for the combination therapy. Eradication of the infecting organisms was achieved in 79% of bacteremic episodes treated with ceftazidime compared with 68% of the episodes treated with the combination therapy (odds ratio, 1.76; CI, 0.92 to 3.38; P = 0.08), and rates for gram-negative rod bacteremia were also similar (95% compared with 77%; odds ratio, 5.25; CI, 1.0 to 27.5; P = 0.03). Superinfections developed in 38 episodes in each group. An adverse event occurred in 8% of episodes treated with ceftazidime compared with 20% of episodes treated with combination therapy (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Ceftazidime alone was as effective but safer than the combination of piperacillin and tobramycin for the empiric treatment of febrile, neutropenic patients, even those with profound and prolonged granulocytopenia.
CDC to Clinicians: Be Alert for Children With Poliolike Illness
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

noncancerpain inolderadults,Solomonsaid. Heledastudythatusedhealthcareutilization dataforMedicarebeneficiariesstartingopioid therapy for noncancer pain to try to help answerthatquestion(SolomonDHetal.ArchInternMed. 2010;170[22]:1979-1986). Thestudy,publishedin2010,wasdevised “somewhat inresponsetotheAGSguideline,” Solomonsaid.Granted,hesaid, researchhad raised concerns about the safety of NSAIDs, butAGS“movedtoofar,perhaps, toembrace thepotential benefits of opioids.” Solomon’s study found that the ratesof adverseeventsvaried,dependingontheopioid and the duration of treatment. For example, the risk of cardiovascular events increased for codeine users after 180 days of use.And the risk of death fromall causes increasedafteronly30daysforusersofoxycodone or codeine. “This study’s findings do not agree with a commonly held belief that all opioids are associated with similar risk,” Solomon and his coauthors wrote. As the baby boomers age—the oldest arenowaged68years, the youngest nearly 50 years—overuse of opioids is expected to increase.With their historyof experimentationwithdrugs, thebabyboomersasagroup may be more likely to seek and abuse opioids thanmembersof their parents’ generation, Trevisan said. WestleyClark,MD, JD,MPH,directorof the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, cited a 2006 report, coauthored by Compton, that projected the number of elderly individuals usingdrugs fornonmedical reasons in2020 (ColliverJDetal.AnnEpidemiol. 2006;16[4]: 257-265). By 2020, the nonmedical use of psychotherapeutic drugs, which includes opioid painkillers, was expected to reach 2.4%, nearly 2.7million, among thepopulation of US individuals 50 years or older, Compton and his coauthors wrote. That compares with 1.2%, or 911 000 people, in that age demographic in 2006. AlthoughtheAHRQstatisticalbriefcan’t prove thatopioidoveruseplayeda substantial role in the increase in US hospitalizations amongolder individuals, Clark said, he views the document as a “cautionary tale.” “I see it as opening the door for greater inquiries,” he said. “It is consistent with a number of other observations being made about the use of prescription opioids.”
1016 Disordered angiogenesis and liver regeneration in CD39/NTPDase1-null mice
Authors: X SUN, A CARDENAS, K ENJYOJI, Y WU, S ROBSON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The exchange current of iron and its activation energy were determined with the aid of the radioactive indicator Fe-59. The results were compared with data determined earlier electrochemically. In the performance of the measurements it was taken into account that without the application of an external potential the iron electrode is polarized anodically (in oxygen-free acidic solutions) by the mixed potential developing spontaneously on the surface of the iron. Comparison of the experimental results with some electrochemical measurements to be found in the literature revealed a very good agreement.
Do physical leisure time activities prevent fatigue? A 15 month prospective study of nurses’ aides
Authors: W Eriksen, D Bruusgaard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Objective: To test the hypothesis that physical leisure time activities reduce the risk of developing persistent fatigue. Methods: The hypothesis was tested in a sample that was homogeneous with respect to sex and occupation, with a prospective cohort design. Of 6234 vocationally active, female, Norwegian nurses’ aides, not on leave because of illness or pregnancy when they completed a mailed questionnaire in 1999, 5341 (85.7%) completed a second questionnaire 15 months later. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of persistent fatigue—that is, always or usually feeling fatigued in the daytime during the preceding 14 days. Results: In participants without persistent fatigue at baseline, reported engagement in physical leisure time activities for 20 minutes or more at least once a week during the three months before baseline was associated with a reduced risk of persistent fatigue at the follow up (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.89), after adjustments for age, affective symptoms, sleeping problems, musculoskeletal pain, long term health problems of any kind, smoking, marital status, tasks of a caring nature during leisure time, and work factors at baseline. Conclusion: The study supports the hypothesis that physical leisure time activities reduce the risk of developing persistent fatigue.
Acellular and Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in Japan
Authors: Gary R. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in Japan late in 1981, more than 20 million doses have been administered, mostly to children 2 years of age and older. Clinical studies indicate that mild local and febrile reactions are less frequent after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines than after whole-cell vaccines. Serious adverse events with sequelae occurred in 2-year-old children at approximately the same low rate during the period 1975 through August 1981, when whole-cell vaccines were used, and during August 1981 through 1984, when acellular vaccines were used exclusively. Five household contact studies have yielded vaccine efficacy estimates ranging from 78% to 92% in children 1 year of age or older. In addition, there has been a continuing decrease in reported pertussis incidence from the epidemic peak in 1979. Additional data on the safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines administered to infants would be useful in consideration of acellular pertussis vaccine licensure in the United States.
A Method of Antiseptic Treatment Applicable to Wounded Soldiers in the Present War
Authors: J. Lister
Journal: BMJ (1870)

guished from other similar white patches due to exudations on its brush-like feathered edge.After emerging from the anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa, the bundles of transparent nerve-fibres bend away on all sides (quaquaversally) from a central point, and, curving over the edge of the choroidal foramen, spread out on the inner surface of the retina.In doing this, they leave a central void, a little hollow-the physiological pit.This pit is usually in the centre of the nerve-disc, but not always so; and, when eccentric, the vasa centralia usually also perforate the disc eccentrically.A normal physiological pit never, however, is so eccentric as to touch the contour of the disc.The physiological pit is, then, a small, gentle, funnel-like hollow in the centre of the nerve-disc, perforated by the vasa centralia, appearing as a bright hollow spot,, in which, with an enlargement of twelve or fifteen linear, the meshes of the lamina cribrosa and the ends of the bundles of opaque nerve-fibres are plainly discernible.Blood-Vessels.-At a variable distance from the eyeball, the trunk of the optic nerve is pierced by a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which soon gains the axis of the nerve, and, running forwards through the lamina cribrosa, perforates the optic nerve-disc, in which it divides into two primary branches, which bifurcate, and, passing across the boundary of the disc, are distributed to the retina.In the disc we can distin- guish first a short vertical piece of the arterial trunk, and next the branches making a large angle with the trunk, and following the sur- face of the disc.The capillaries of the nerve-trunk, and those distri- buted to its disc-like intraocular end, are very numerous; they are suffi- ciently so to redden the disc when they are distended with blood-a thing which no amount of hyperoemia of the retinal capillaries ever does in this membrane.The very slight diminution which the arteria centralia undergoes, from its origin to its final division in the disc, shows that it mainly ministers to the nutrition of the retina.It gives, however, in its course, small twigs for the nutrition of the nerve outside the eyeball; and these, reinforced by others derived from minute nameless arteries distributed to the sheath, ramify in the septa between the nerve- bundles.The veinlets accompanying the primary branches of the arteria cen- tralia in the retina do not, as a rule, coalesce in a single trunk in front of the lamina cribrosa; but they pierce this separately, and first unite in or behind it.Shzeath.-In the arrangement of its sheath, the optic nerve differs from all the other large nerve-trunks.They have but one tightly
Role of current and childhood exposure to cat and atopic sensitization☆☆☆★
Authors: Hans-Peter Roost, Nino Künzli, Christian Schindler, Deborah Jarvis, Susan Chinn, André Paul Perruchoud, Ursula Ackermann-Liebrich, Peter Burney, Brunello Wüthrich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Toxoplasmosis in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Joseph C. Chan, George T. Hensley, Lee B. Moskowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1984Toxoplasmosis in the Central Nervous SystemJOSEPH C. CHAN, M.D., GEORGE T. HENSLEY, M.D., LEE B. MOSKOWITZ, M.D.JOSEPH C. CHAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE T. HENSLEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEE B. MOSKOWITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-615_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the report of Wong and associates (1) and would like to comment on one of their recommendations and offer our experiences on brain biopsies of similar cases.The authors recommended that serial cerebrospinal fluid specimens be obtained for serologic testing. We disagree because of the potential danger involved in obtaining cerebrospinal fluid from patients wth central nervous system mass lesions and increased intracranial pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid should probably be obtained initially if it can yield a definitive diagnosis, but certainly not serially. Patient 1 in their report showed a rise in cerebrospinal fluid...References1. WONGGOLDBROWN BJA. Central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis in homosexual men and parenteral drug abusers. Ann Intern Med. 1984:100:36-42. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHANMOSKOWITZOLIVELLAHENSLEYGREENMANHOFFMAN JLJGRT. Toxoplasma encephalitis in recent haitian entrants. South Med J 1983;76:1211-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. REMINGTONMCLEOD JR. Toxoplasmosis. In: BRAUDE AL, ed. Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1981:1816-32. Google Scholar4. CONLEYJENKINSREMINGTON FKJ. Toxoplasma gondii infection of the central nervous system: use of peroxidase-antiperoxidase method to demonstrate toxoplasma in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue section. Hum Pathol. 1981;12:690-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MOSKOWITZHENSLEYCHANCONLEYPOSTGONZALEZ-ARIAS LGJFMS. Brain biopsies in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol. 1984. (In press). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEpidemiology of Infections in Cancer PatientsGranulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused byAcanthamoeba in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosusInvasive aspergillosis in systemic lupus erythematosusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeNeurological complications of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 1 April 1984Volume 100, Issue 4Page: 615-616KeywordsBiopsyBrainCentral nervous systemCerebrospinal fluidLesionsToxoplasmosis Issue Published: 1 April 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Rheumatology in Clinical Practice
Authors: P. W Thompson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

CorrespondencelBook reviews 967 differential response to compression at various depths from the articular surface to the tide line in normal canine femoral condylar cartilage.To do so they employed 100[tm slices mounted on a transmitted light Nomarski microscope in a stage mounted loading rig.In these essentials the method is unchanged, but it has been subject to improvements in three ways, the subject of the present report.
Progression of Clinically Stable Lymphedema on Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Jocelyn A. Luongo, Luke R. Scalcione, Douglas S. Katz, Elizabeth Y. Yung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Lymphedema is due to dysfunction in lymphatic transport, and is divided into primary and secondary subtypes. Primary lymphedema is a congenital lymphatic abnormality or dysfunction whereas secondary lymphedema is characterized by pathologic disruption or obstruction of a previously-normal lymphatic system. The stage of lymphedema is determined clinically. Lymphoscintigraphy, however, may be used to assess disease extent, for early detection of disease progression, and can be used to direct therapy. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with clinically stable lymphedema of 5 years, yet with lymphoscintigraphy findings compatible with disease progression.
Ambulatory Center Is a Growing Priority
Authors: G. McBride, J. Waalen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Ambulatory Center Is a Growing Priority Get access Gail McBride, Gail McBride Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jill Waalen Jill Waalen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 10, 15 May 1991, Pages 675–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.10.675 Published: 15 May 1991
Health Care Under Attack in Syrian Conflict
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The use of ferrokinetics in the study of experimental anemia.
Authors: E W Lee, J J Kocsis, R Snyder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Erythropoietic cells in bone marrow are vulnerable to cytotoxic substances. There are three types of erythroid precursors: cells that can take up Fe but do not proliferate (reticulocytes), those that can take up Fe and proliferate (normoblasts and pronormoblasts), and those cells that do not take up Fe but can proliferate and differentiate into the erythroid cell line (ERC and stem cells). Each of these erythroid precursors requires a certain time before they emerge into the peripheral blood as mature red blood cells. By applying our understanding of ferrokinetics associated with erythropoiesis, it was possible to estimate a cytotoxic effect of chemicals on proliferating erythgroid precursors (pronormoblasts) in mice by measuring 24-hr 59Fe uptake in red blood cells 48 hr after treatment with chemicals. The effect of chemicals on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in mice was also estimated by measuring 24-hr 59Fe uptake 72 hr after treatment with chemicals. The validity of experimental schemes was tested using cytarabine, methotrexate, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, and busulfan, which are known to act against specific cell types. Effects on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells were tested with or without activation of stem cells in G0 into cell cycle. Applications of the 59Fe uptake method in the study of (1) benzene toxicity and (2) effect of pentobarbital on the toxic action of hydroxyurea and cytarabine are described. Proper application of the ferrokinetic characteristics of erythropoietic cells enables the establishment of a methodology which can be used to evaluate potential toxic effects of chemicals on erythroid precursor cells and pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells.
107 Analysis of the surgical complications in adult living donor liver transplantation recipients
Authors: E. Bombuy, J. Ferrer, G. Alvarez, C. Fondevila, G. Rodriguez-Laiz, A. Amador, M. Navasa, A. Rimola, R. Charco, J. Fuster, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
PREVENTION OF PERITONEAL CONTAMINATION IN DRAINAGE OF ABDOMINAL ABSCESSES
Authors: JOSEPH RILUS EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

If, in the course of an operation for appendicitis, a well walled-off collection of pus is found, it is a common practice to enter the abscess, even if it is rather large, and remove the appendix. This is, of course, done in the hope or belief that contamination of the general peritoneal cavity will not result. Unfortunately, in mesiocolic, procecal and many retrocecal and subhepatic abscesses, it is impossible to enter the intraperitoneal abscess and remove the appendix without breaking up the protective peritoneal adhesions. Unless the abscess is large or so superficially situated as to reach the mural peritoneum, in which case the abscess cavity can be freely explored and drained without fresh soiling of uncontaminated peritoneal surfaces, it will hardly be denied that the exercise of great caution in the removal of the pus, for example, by way of an extraperitoneal canal to prevent additional peritoneal contamination, conforms
Group differences ≢ individual differences
Authors: C. S. Bergeman, A. D. Seroczynski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Mealey's etiological distinction between primary and secondary sociopathy blurs the delineation between individual and group differences. She uses physiological evidence to support her claim of genetic influences, neglecting variability within social classes, frequency of delinquent behavior in upper and middle classes (measured by self-report), and discontinuity of criminal behavior across the life span. Finally, Mealey's proposals for differential intervention fall short of a future agenda, which should tailor to individual needs, not social classes.