tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Specificity of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Eran Chemerinski, Gustavo Petracca, Liliana Sabe, Janus Kremer, Sergio E. Starkstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the specificity of depressive symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease and examined the discrepancies between patient and caregiver symptom reports. METHOD: The study group was composed of a series of 233 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 47 patients with depression but without dementia, and 20 healthy comparison subjects; the latter two groups were comparable in age with the patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients and comparison subjects received a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, which included administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS: Patients with Alzheimer's disease with a score of 2 or higher on the "depressed mood" item of the Hamilton depression scale, as scored by their respective caregivers, comprised a group with depressed mood (N=92), whereas patients who scored 0 on this item comprised a group without depressed mood (N=62). A statistical comparison of the scores on the remaining Hamilton depression scale items (2–16) between the Alzheimer's disease patients with and without depressed mood revealed significant differences on all items, except "loss of appetite." However, there were no significant differences on any single Hamilton depression scale item between the Alzheimer's disease patients without depressed mood and the age-comparable healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are not widespread among patients with Alzheimer's disease but are significantly related to an underlying depressed mood. Patients with Alzheimer's disease may not be fully aware of the extent of their depressive symptoms.
SOMA--Society of Medical Authors. A possible role.
Authors: S Lock
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Whenever the BMJ publishes anything about publishers, books, and costs a bitter argument seems to result.This happened some years ago after a feature "Are medical books too dear ?"' and also after Ieuan Davies's article on "SOMA: new hope for medical authors."2Davies considered that, though authors were unlikely to make more than 25p an hour for their time spent in writing a book, they had little or no say in its appearance or format, while the small print of the contract might contain all sorts of pitfalls.
The Army Malaria Research Program
Authors: WILLIAM D. TIGERTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The components of the U. S. Army Malaria Research Program since its beginning in 1961 are reviewed. A broad basic biology program has been combined with new test systems capable of screening many compounds for new leads that are in turn studied in special systems and exploited by synthesis. The program has developed a successful treatment for clinical disease, a new prophylaxis suitable for use in the field against the drug-resistant forms, a new single agent that alone or in combination is effective against these drug-resistant forms, and a definitive study showing that primaquine will prevent the spread of disease into controlled areas.
Paul Revere and Health Care for the Indigent
Authors: Daniel B. Carr
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I enjoyed seeing Copley's portrait of Paul Revere on the cover of<i>JAMA</i>. However, the accompanying article<sup>1</sup>overlooked one of his many accomplishments that is particularly timely in 1996. Paul Revere was one of the original subscribers to the oldest medical facility in New England and the third oldest in the nation. In 1796, a dozen compassionate Bostonians drafted its founding charter. The Boston Dispensary, as it was called, consisted of a group of physicians who practiced home care from a centralized apothecary. One of the original subscription tickets, signed by Revere, survives today in the Massachusetts Historical Society. In light of current trends in health care in which at-home care is increasingly important, this action by Paul Revere was as visionary as his other, better publicized ones. Interestingly, the public scandal described in<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>in which Revere was court-martialed after a failed attack against
The Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Joseph A. Linsk
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The importance of preoperative identification of solitary thyroid nodules was stressed in the article by Blum and Rothschild. The program they chose included complete history and physical, routine laboratory tests, T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub>, and thyrotropin (TSH) levels (done twice), echogram (done twice), thyroid scan, and three months of follow-up. In terms of cost-effectiveness, this program seems to be effective, but the cost must raise some questions. The simplicity, effectiveness, and economy of fine needle aspiration was dismissed because of "high incidence of false-negatives..., confusion between follicular adenoma and carcinoma, surgical complications, size constraints, and lack of sampling capsule or vessels by a limited core of tissue," and a lack of expertise. I have been carrying out direct puncture of thyroid masses with immediate reading and reporting for many years without the aforementioned difficulties. This is also the experience of the Swedish school. The following diagnoses can
SLOW VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AS INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF AN UNUSUAL DISEASE
Authors: Carlos R. Manrique, Usman Khan, Neeraja Yedlapati, Qi Zheng, Rita Jermyn, Marin Nicu, Eduard Sklyar, Jooyoung Shin, Kevin Ferrick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Evidence for a circulating sodium transport inhibitor in essential hypertension.
Authors: L Poston, R B Sewell, S P Wilkinson, P J Richardson, R Williams, E M Clarkson, G A MacGregor, H E de Wardener
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The active sodium transport of white cells and red cells obtained from patients with essential hypertension was impaired. Incubating white cells from normotensive subjects in serum obtained from patients with essential hypertension caused an impairment in sodium transport in the white cells of normotensive subjects similar to that found in the white cells of hypertensive patients. The impairment in sodium transport was due to a fall in the ouabain-sensitive component of the total sodium efflux rate constant. These results show that the serum of patients with essential hypertension contains a substance which influences sodium transport and that it has ouabain-like activity. They also suggest that it is this substance which causes the impairment in sodium transport in the leucocytes of patients with essential hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that the rise in blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension is due to an increased concentration of a circulating sodium transport inhibitor which is continuously correcting a tendency for sodium retention by the kidney.
Characterization of the insulin resistance of aging.
Authors: J W Rowe, K L Minaker, J A Pallotta, J S Flier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

To clarify the nature of the insulin resistance of aging we studied the dose response for insulin-induced glucose disposal and the binding of insulin to circulating monocytes in healthy young and old men. A total of 49 two-hour euglycemic insulin clamp studies were performed in 17 young and 10 old healthy nonobese subjects. While the old group had lower estimates of lean body mass and greater estimates of total body fat than the young group, these differences did not exceed 5% and did not reach statistical significance. Insulin was infused at 20 mU/m2 per min (young = 8, old = 5); 80 mU/m2 per min (young = 13, old = 9); 200 mU/m2 per min (young = 9, old = 5). Increasing levels of hyperinsulinemia were associated with dose-dependent increases in steady-state glucose infusion rates in young and old. The maximal glucose infusion rates (milligrams per kilogram body weight per minute) were the same for young and old. However, the dose-response curve was shifted to the right in the old subjects. In the four individuals in each age group in whom studies were performed at each dose level, the Km was 54 +/- 14 microU/ml in the young and 113 +/- 11 microU/ml in the old (P less than 0.02). Correction of glucose infusion rate for lean body mass had no effect on comparisons between age groups. These data indicate an age-associated decline in sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin without a change in maximal tissue responsiveness. Studies of insulin binding with 14 young and 9 old subjects indicated no effect of age on the insulin binding to receptors on circulating monocytes (young = 5.25 +/- 0.35; old = 6.22 +/- 0.53% of 125I-insulin bound/10(7) cells). These studies suggest that aging may be associated with a postreceptor defect in insulin action manifested by decreased whole-body tissue sensitivity to insulin without a change in tissue responsiveness.
Hemodialysis in Small Children
Authors: Carl M. Grushkin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Eighteen children, aged 1 1/2 to 9 years and weighing 5 to 25 kg (11 to 55 lb), were hemodialyzed for three weeks to 11 months in preparation for renal homotransplantation. Technical problems encountered during dialysis were few and easily overcome. Normal linear growth occurred in five patients. Psychological and social adjustment of the children and families to the treatment program was good. We believe it has resulted from a team approach with nephrologists, psychologically oriented pediatricians, public health nurse, social worker, and personnel of the dialysis unit working closely together to orient, prepare, and support the children and families during each step of the treatment program. If transplantation facilities are available to offer the prospect of full rehabilitation, extended hemodialysis should be offered to young small children.
Neonatal intubation with the Cole tube
Authors: A. R Bowhay, R. L Smyth, G. H Bush
Journal: BMJ (1990)

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Furthermore, the advice to tailor treatment to the condition being treated is, in my view, best achieved by varying the duration of treatment.This is far more pragmatic as the policy of tailoring the degree of acid suppression to the condition being treated would require accurate endoscopic diagnosis in all cases.Though this is desirable, it would be quite impracticable even when open access endoscopy is readily available.
Control of Outbreaks Due to Organism Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases
Authors: Ebbing Lautenbach
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN ATYPICAL CASE OF ANEMIA.
Authors: E. V. FREDERICK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. C., aged 35, married, Irish, was seen in consultation with Dr. McNulty. <h3>History.</h3> —Before the birth of her first child she had some slight eclamptic seizures which subsided under treatment. She was delivered of a healthy child; the puerperium was normal and recovery good. One and one-half years later she was again delivered of a healthy child. The puerperium continued normal until the tenth day when she became very anemic extremely weak, with troublesome cough and slight fever. On physical examination little was found except an enlarged spleen reaching to the umbilicus. During that illness no blood examination was made. After two months, during which time she was almost moribund, apparent complete recovery took place. At the end of one and one-half years she was again delivered of a healthy child. During the puerperium she received of calomel gr. 1/10, with salol grs. 5 every 4 hours, but
The Case of the Missed Chest Radiograph: Bilateral Mammary Gland Metastases Mimicking Multifocal Primary Breast Cancer as the Initial Manifestation of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Giannis Mountzios, Anastasios Gyftopoulos, Eleni Vlotinou, Nikolaos Kentepozidis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Aminophylline in the hospital treatment of children with acute asthma
Authors: S A McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

case can be advanced for selectively referring smokers with mild dyskaryosis for immediate colposcopy and for continuing with cytological surveillance for non-smokers.The data now available, however, justify a policy of immediate referral of all such patients for colposcopy.This would result in some increase in colposcopic surveillance but is surely preferable to cytological surveillance in a group with a high incidence of important disease who will ultimately need colposcopy, especially when there is a substantial risk of patients default- ing from follow up.
Timers on ventilators
Authors: Vardit Ravitsky
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Jewish religious law considers human intervention to end the life of dying patients unethical. Timers on ventilators are proposed as a solution to prevent unnecessary suffering

Is there a distinction between withholding and withdrawing medical treatment at the end of life? In the past two decades, courts and bioethicists in most Western countries have rejected this distinction.1 However, some doctors, patients, and families still find the distinction to have important ethical implications. A proposed Israeli law offers a unique approach that attempts to respect the cultural reluctance to withdraw treatment while finding a practical solution that respects the wishes of patients and families and allows patients to end their lives with dignity. The Israeli case offers important insights for other countries that want to combine their cultural identity and heritage with democratic and liberal values as well as for doctors in Western countries caring for patients and families that espouse different communal cultural traditions.

The standard Western response to the reluctance of doctors and families to withdraw care is to dismiss it as an emotional reaction. The solution offered is to employ rational reasoning and not be misled by the apparent distinction.2 This approach is difficult for individuals or cultures who take the distinction seriously. Israel is a case in point. Although in many ways Israel is part of the Western medical world, it “Deviates considerably from Western norms in certain fundamental respects.”3 Israel defines itself as a “Jewish and democratic state” and attempts to integrate a liberal democracy with a Jewish communitarian approach.

Israel does not share the strong Western, especially Anglo-American, consensus regarding the over-riding ethical priority accorded to individual autonomy. Traditional values that Judaism shares with other religions are also at play. These place an enormous emphasis on the value of human life up …
News roundup [abridged versions appear in the paper journal]
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Britain's National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) has launched an initiative to improve the exchange of information in cancer research by encouraging research groups to make their data accessible to others.

The institute announced its plans in a special statement in Nature (2004;428:xii). The plans are backed by international cancer research organisations, including the US National Cancer Institute.

“Our vision is to create a culture of data exchange to bring scientists together in a virtual community, where data can be shared in a format that everyone …
The Susceptibility of Young Adult Americans to Vaccine-Preventable Infections
Authors: Patrick W. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Due to recent resurgences of measles, mumps, and rubella among young US adults, we sought to generate antibody prevalence data for national and military immunization policy evaluations. <h3>Design.</h3> —We used a questionnaire and serological survey of Army recruits to assess antibody status to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and to poliovirus types 1,2, and 3 by microneutralization assay. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Basic training reception centers at Fort Benning, Ga, and Fort Jackson, SC. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The study included 1547 US Army recruits who were inducted during September and October 1989. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Seronegativity by various demographic factors. <h3>Results.</h3> —Seronegativity rates, directly adjusted to the 15- to 24-year-old US population in 1980, were 20.7% for measles, 15.6% for mumps, 17.5% for rubella, and 6.9% for varicella. For measles, mumps, and rubella, susceptibility was less in females, blacks, and college-educated recruits, and varicella susceptibility was greater in females and blacks. Recruits who were born after 1969 lacked measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies more often than older recruits. The adjusted seronegativity rates for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 2.3%, 0.6%, and 14.6%, respectively; trends by age, sex, and race-ethnicity were generally unremarkable. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Among young adult Americans, susceptibility to measles, mumps, and rubella is unevenly distributed and may be substantial. Our findings support national objectives to further improve immunization coverage in schoolage and adult populations and provide further impetus for legislation requiring college entrants to present evidence of having received at least two doses of measles vaccine, with one on or after entry into elementary school. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2724-2729)
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Controls Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Regulation of Thioredoxin Activity
Authors: Jun Yoshioka, P. Christian Schulze, Mihaela Cupesi, Jeremy D. Sylvan, Catherine MacGillivray, Joseph Gannon, Hayden Huang, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Although cellular redox balance plays an important role in mechanically induced cardiac hypertrophy, the mechanisms of regulation are incompletely defined. Because thioredoxin is a major intracellular antioxidant and can also regulate redox-dependent transcription, we explored the role of thioredoxin activity in mechanically overloaded cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo.Overexpression of thioredoxin induced protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes (127+/-5% of controls, P<0.01). Overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), an endogenous thioredoxin inhibitor, reduced protein synthesis in response to mechanical strain (89+/-5% reduction, P<0.01), phenylephrine (80+/-3% reduction, P<0.01), or angiotensin II (80+/-4% reduction, P<0.01). In vivo, myocardial thioredoxin activity increased 3.5-fold compared with sham controls after transverse aortic constriction (P<0.01). Aortic constriction did not change thioredoxin expression but reduced Txnip expression by 40% (P<0.05). Gene transfer studies showed that cells that overexpress Txnip develop less hypertrophy after aortic constriction than control cells in the same animals (28.1+/-5.2% reduction versus noninfected cells, P<0.01).Thus, even though thioredoxin is an antioxidant, activation of thioredoxin participates in the development of pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy, demonstrating the dual function of thioredoxin as both an antioxidant and a signaling protein. These results also support the emerging concept that the thioredoxin inhibitor Txnip is a critical regulator of biomechanical signaling.
Decreases in IL-7 levels during antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection suggest a primary mechanism of receptor-mediated clearance
Authors: Jessica N. Hodge, Sharat Srinivasula, Zonghui Hu, Sarah W. Read, Brian O. Porter, Insook Kim, JoAnn M. Mican, Chang Paik, Paula DeGrange, Michele Di Mascio, Irini Sereti
Journal: Blood (2011)
Radiotherapy of Human Sarcoma Promotes an Intratumoral Immune Effector Signature
Authors: Anu Sharma, Beata Bode, Gabriela Studer, Holger Moch, Michal Okoniewski, Alexander Knuth, Lotta von Boehmer, Maries van den Broek
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous soft tissue malignancies that are often treated with radiotherapy as a part of the treatment concept. There is increasing evidence that radiotherapy leads to alterations in the tumor microenvironment, particularly with respect to the immune infiltrate. This study has been carried out to develop a better understanding of such changes following radiotherapy.We retrospectively analyzed the expression of 35 immune response-related genes by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry on paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 38 sarcoma patients before and after radiotherapy.We observed that radiotherapy results in a significant upregulation of several immune effectors and cancer-testis antigens and a concomitant downregulation of immune suppressors, indicating that radiotherapy may support the immune defense in sarcomas.These novel findings may have implications for the design of therapeutic regimens which exploite the immune system in sarcoma patients by combining standard radiotherapy with immunotherapeutic strategies.
Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: Robert G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Although compressive ulnar neuropathy developing during surgical procedures under general anesthesia has been recognized, clinical and electrophysiological features of this neuropathy have been incompletely described. During the past two years, we have seen eight patients with this complication, mainly following intra-abdominal or intrathoracic operations. Neuropathy was associated with a persistent severe deficit during a mean follow-up of 23.5 months (range, six to 96 months) after operation. Electrophysiological studies verified substantial Wallerian degeneration in the majority of patients. Clinical and electrophysiological data, as well as intraoperative findings in some patients, suggest that compression occurred at the cubital tunnel. These patients with ulnar neuropathy had a particularly poor prognosis, whether treated surgically (decompression or transposition) or medically. Prevention of ulnar nerve compression during major operations therefore assumes paramount importance.