tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate education must include improving health of minority ethnic communities
Authors: R. Loudon, S. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Prospectively registering study plans in a permanent time-stamped and publicly accessible document is becoming more common across disciplines and aims to improve the trustworthiness of research findings. Selective reporting persists, however, when researchers deviate from their registered plans without disclosure. This systematic review aims to estimate the prevalence of undisclosed discrepancies between prospectively registered study plans and their associated publication. We further aim to identify the research disciplines where these discrepancies have been observed, whether interventions to reduce discrepancies have been conducted, and gaps in the literature. <h3>Methods</h3> On 15 December 2019, we searched Scopus and Web of Knowledge for articles that included quantitative data about discrepancies between registrations or study protocols and their associated publications. We used random-effects meta-analyses to synthesize the results. <h3>Results</h3> We reviewed k = 89 articles, including k = 70 that report on primary outcome discrepancies from n = 6314 studies and, k = 22 that report on secondary outcome discrepancies from n = 1436 studies. Meta-analyses indicate that between 10% to 68% (95% prediction interval) of studies contain at least one primary outcome discrepancy and between 13% to 95% (95% prediction interval) contain at least one secondary outcome discrepancy. Almost all articles assessed clinical literature, and there was considerable heterogeneity, resulting in wide prediction intervals. We identified only one article that attempted to correct discrepancies. <h3>Discussion</h3> Many articles did not include information on whether discrepancies were disclosed, which version of a registration they compared publications to, and whether the registration was prospective. Thus, our estimates represent discrepancies broadly, rather than our target of <i>undisclosed</i> discrepancies between <i>prospectively</i> registered study plans and their associated publications. Discrepancies are common and reduce the trustworthiness of medical research. Interventions to reduce discrepancies could prove valuable. <h3>Registration</h3> osf.io/ktmdg. Protocol amendments are listed in Supplementary Material A.
Severe Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Dietary Supplement LipoKinetix
Authors: Joya T. Favreau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: LipoKinetix (Syntrax, Cape Girardeau, Missouri) is a dietary supplement marketed for weight loss. Objective: To describe a possible causal association between LipoKinetix and hepatotoxicity. Design: Case series. Setting: Outpatient clinic, tertiary care hospital, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration databases. Intervention: Routine medical and supportive care. Measurements: Clinical and laboratory evaluation. Results: All patients developed acute hepatotoxicity within 3 months of starting LipoKinetix. At presentation, symptoms and results of laboratory tests were characteristic of acute hepatitis. All patients recovered spontaneously after LipoKinetix use was discontinued. Three of the seven patients, including one who developed fulminant hepatic failure complicated by cerebral edema, were taking LipoKinetix alone at the time of presentation. Of the four patients who were taking multiple supplements, two resumed taking supplements other than LipoKinetix without incident. Conclusions: The use of LipoKinetix may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Despite extensive evaluations, no other cause for hepatotoxicity could be identified in the seven patients studied.
Blocking Cancer-Induced Epilepsy
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sodium and Potassium in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Authors: Horacio J. Adrogué, Nicolaos E. Madias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This review examines epidemiologic, physiological, and molecular evidence that the interplay between sodium and potassium is central to the development of hypertension. The review concludes with recommendations for reducing sodium and increasing potassium in the diet.
Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age
Authors: Dorothy Porter
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Illness from cold rental housing costs the NHS in England 145m a year
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Cold and energy inefficient privately rented housing in England costs the NHS at least £145m (€166m; $240m) a year, a study carried out by the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health has found.

Researchers estimated the cost and benefits of repairing private rented dwellings in bands F and G for energy efficiency, the lowest ratings. Housing in these bands has been assessed as likely to present a “category 1 excess cold hazard” under the government’s housing health and safety rating system. The proportion of privately rented dwellings falling into these bands is one …
Delirium in intensive care patients
Authors: V. Page
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Debate about assessment tools is overshadowing the importance of delirium

The scientific evidence is irrefutable—delirium in the intensive care unit is an independent predictor of death and acquired dementia.1 2 The linked study by Van den Boogaard and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e420) is the largest study on delirium in intensive care to date, and it provides a risk model to determine the likelihood of patients in intensive care developing delirium.3 The model (PRE-DELIRIC), which determines 10 risk factors, was developed and validated at the Radboud University Nijmegem Medical Centre in the Netherlands. It was then externally validated at four other Dutch hospitals. The risk model showed a high predictive value, and it was significantly better than the predictions of doctors and nurses.

Reassuringly there are no surprises; risk factors that confer the highest risk are coma with any cause, sedatives, and infection. Notably there were too few patients with alcohol dependency or dementia for these subgroups to be included in the model. However, a prediction model is not needed to confirm that these patients have a high risk of delirium because alcohol dependency and cognitive impairment are significant risk factors in any clinical setting,4 and both are non-modifiable.

Risk prediction models …
Tricyclic Antidepressants for Peripheral Neuropathy-Reply
Authors: David S. Shimm
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Drs Massey and Riley for their observations, particularly for their suggestion that tricyclic antidepressant drugs may alter pain in part by affecting peripheral nerve transmission. A controlled study of the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on pain, such as the one they are proposing, would be helpful, indeed.
Cell loss from small intestinal mucosa: a morphological study
Authors: I. J. Pink, D. N. Croft, B. Creamer
Journal: Gut (1970)

Large numbers of cells are shed from small intestinal mucosa but they are so rapidly destroyed that there is little direct information about their morphological types. Material obtained by washing the human and rat small intestine was immediately processed and examined by light and electron microscopy. Small intestinal epithelial cells could not be identified by light microscopy but were readily recognized—by the presence of brush borders—using the electron microscope. Eighty to 85% of the cells from both rats and patients with normal small intestinal mucosa were intestinal absorptive cells. This was also the case in four patients with the coeliac syndrome and flat intestinal mucosa. These findings provide further support for the view that measurements of cell loss using intestinal washing techniques and the DNA-loss method, reflect predominantly small intestinal epithelial cell loss and turnover.
Death by appointment
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We normally associate Anthony Trollope (1815-82) with high class literary soap operas about English clerical and British political life rather than with science fiction. But in 1881 he wrote a short novel, The Fixed Period , that was set 100 years in the future and that described contrivances that allowed the instantaneous transmission of information across the world a little like the internet.

The purpose of his book, however, was satirical. It is set in a former British colony in the South Seas, now an independent republic, called Britannula, and is narrated by its first president, Mr Neverbend. The Fixed Period of the title is 67 years, at which age the citizens …
Book: How Science Takes Stock: the Story of Meta-analysis
Authors: D. Moher
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Morton Hunt Russell Sage Foundation, 24$, pp 256 ISBN 0 87154 389 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Morton Hunt has mastered the seemingly impossible task of conveying to a broad range of readers, in a language that can be understood by all, the genesis and development of meta-analysis. Althugh only recently “discovered” in medicine, meta-analysis has a longer tradition in the social sciences, particularly psychology, and this is where Hunt begins his story. Many of the personalities who helped develop meta-analysis are interviewed, including Gene Glass, Joseph Lau, Graham Colditz, and both Iain and Tom Chalmers. Several important developments are reviewed, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
An epidemiological study of lung cancer in Xuan Wei County, China: current progress. Case-control study on lung cancer and cooking fuel.
Authors: X Z He, W Chen, Z Y Liu, R S Chapman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

In Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality rates are among China's highest in males and females. Previous studies have shown a strong association of lung cancer mortality with air pollution from "smoky" coal combustion. In the present quantitative risk assessment of indoor air pollution study, the result strongly shows an obvious on-site exposure-response relationship between benzo[a]pyrene concentration in indoor air and lung cancer mortality and strongly supports the hypothesis that indoor air pollution is the main risk factor in inducing lung cancer in Xuan Wei County. In the present case-control study, the result shows that in females, the presence of lung cancer is statistically significantly associated with chronic bronchitis and family history of lung cancer. The results also suggest an association of lung cancer with duration of cooking food, but not with passive smoking. In males, the presence of lung cancer is associated with smoking, bronchitis, family history of lung cancer, and personal history of cooking food.
Malarial Parasites Within Human Platelets
Authors: Luis Felipe Fajardo
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Plasmodia were found by electron microscopy within platelets of two men with naturally acquired, acute malarial infections ( Plasmodium vivax ). A parasitized platelet was also discovered in one of these patients after he was clinically cured. In addition, parasites have been demonstrated within platelets of more than 50% of mice infected with P berghei . The plasmodia probably penetrate after the platelets have detached from megakaryocytes, because the latter have normal ultrastructure, even in heavily parasitized hosts. The mechanism of penetration is not clear, but the morphologic data suggest that merozoites may actively invade the platelets. Parasitization of the platelets may be a cause of malarial thrombocytopenia.  ( JAMA 229:1205-1207, 1974)
A PECULIAR CONGENITAL MALFORMATION.
Authors: F. RUSSELL DAME
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In July, 1905, I attended M. D. in confinement, the labor being in every respect normal. The woman gave birth to a healthy, robust boy, which gave a lusty cry before fully born and seemed to be normal in every way. I cut the cord and laid the child by while the mother was being attended to. In about fifteen minutes from the time of birth I found the child's respiration extremely slow and irregular; after waiting a few minutes I commenced to stimulate respiration, first by sprinkling with water and then by artificial respiration, but in spite of my efforts it shortly ceased to breathe. At birth the child showed absolutely no malformation or abnormal condition; its first cry and respiration were strong and forceful, and having had a short labor I paid little attention to the child, thinking there could be nothing needed, and it seemed to do
The retention of extracellular matrix proteins and angiogenic and mitogenic cytokines in a decellularized porcine dermis
Authors: David M. Hoganson, Elisabeth M. O’Doherty, Gwen E. Owens, Dina O. Harilal, Scott M. Goldman, Chris M. Bowley, Craig M. Neville, Russell T. Kronengold, Joseph P. Vacanti
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Evidence against an autoimmune aetiology for inflammatory bowel diseases.
Authors: F Pallone, S Fais, M R Capobianchi
Journal: Gut (1992)

Evidence against an autoimmune aetiology for inflammatory bowel diseases SIR,-The leading article that appeared in Gut' raised the question of whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are autoimmune disor- ders.Since IBD do not fulfil all criteria for classification as autoimmune disorders, analo- gies between the two groups of diseases may be of interest.Circulating interferon (IFN) is commonly detected in patients with autoimmune disorders (the so called 'autoimmune-IFN') as well as in patients with AIDS, correlating with disease progression.2"'Although circulating IFN is not included in the list of criteria suggestive of autoimmune disorders, the pres- ence of acid-labile IFN-a is believed to reflect continuing autoimmune reactions."-Wetested 51 sera from patients with either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease for the presence of IFN using a sensitive bioassay.For comparison, 41 sera of HIV infected patients were also tested.No IFN was detected in the serum samples from the IBD group while 10 sera from the HIV infected patients were positive for IFN with titres ranging from 5 to 200 IU/ml.This IFN was acid-lable, and characterised as a-type by sensitivity to neutralisation with specific antiserum.IBD sera were also tested for the presence of neutralising antibodies to IFN a or y6 and no IFN antibodies were found in IBD sera.Thus, although T cells and macrophages are activated in Crohn's disease and IFN-y is actively released in the diseased gut,7-" no circulating autoimmune IFN can be detected in these patients.These observations provide new evidence against an autoimmune aetiology for IBD.
STUDIES ON HETEROGENEOUS HEMOLYTIC SERA
Authors: I. L. Kritchevsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Red corpuscles with nuclei contain heterogeneous sheep antigen when the organs of the same animal possess it. The sera in question contain not only heterogeneous hemolysins but also heterogeneous agglutinins. The hemolytic sera of rabbits immunized with hen red corpuscles are toxic to guinea pigs and kill them, the clinical picture being that of anaphylactic shock. Heterogeneous hemolysins are obtained by means of non-toxic antigen (hen red corpuscles injected into veins of rabbits). This fact refutes the theory of Friedberger, who attributed the antigenic power of a suspension of organs to its toxic character.
Extrapituitary Prolactin: Distribution, Regulation, Functions, and Clinical Aspects*
Authors: NIRA BEN-JONATHAN, JOHN L. MERSHON, DONALD L. ALLEN, ROSEMARY W. STEINMETZ
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

PRL affects more physiological processes than all other pituitary hormones combined. Among these are the regulation of mammary gland development, initiation and maintenance of lactation, immune modulation, osmoregulation, and behavioral modification. At the cellular level, PRL exerts mitogenic, morphogenic, or secretory activities. This raises the question as to the mechanism by which a single hormone can modulate so many seemingly unrelated functions. This review addresses the concept of the dual function of PRL, as a circulating hormone and a cytokine. The diversity of PRL actions is derived from three components: structural polymorphism, local production and processing, and divergent intracellular signaling pathways and target genes. PRL can be easily classified as a cytokine based on its shared properties with hematopoietic growth factors. These include comparable structural motifs, multiple sites of synthesis, ubiquitous receptor distribution, homologous receptor structure, and similar signal transduction pathways. A seminal report by Nagy and Berczi (1) drew attention to extrapituitary PRL. They reported that hypophysectomized female rats had 10–20% lactogenic activity in their serum as compared with controls. Within 2 months, the lactogenic activity gradually increased to 50% of controls.
A News Medium With a Dubious Message
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Should we wonder on reading Measure for Measure why the good Duke, who was generous enough to forgive the murderous lecher Angelo, dealt so cruelly with the unlucky Luciano? Flogging and hanging for gossip? Surely the punishment does not fit the crime.  The Duke's judgment can best be understood when viewed against the background of the Elizabethan age. Grandiose schemes, subtle intrigues, ingenious plots, and great events were transpiring without any newspapers, radios, or television to publicize them. In the absence of these, the only medium for disseminating information—be it true or false—was gossip. Based on alleged leaks from the corridors of power and embellished by the gossipmonger's imagination, gossip was malicious more often than not. Hence, those in power regarded gossip as a threat. They could forgive an archvillain but did not dare to trust someone who by maligning them undermined their authority.  Modern news media have reduced the
T cells expressing CD123-specific chimeric antigen receptors exhibit specific cytolytic effector functions and antitumor effects against human acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Armen Mardiros, Cedric Dos Santos, Tinisha McDonald, Christine E. Brown, Xiuli Wang, L. Elizabeth Budde, Lauren Hoffman, Brenda Aguilar, Wen-Chung Chang, William Bretzlaff, Brenda Chang, Mahesh Jonnalagadda, Renate Starr, Julie R. Ostberg, Michael C. Jensen, Ravi Bhatia, Stephen J. Forman
Journal: Blood (2013)
Mummified, Frozen Smallpox: Is It a Threat?
Authors: Peter K. Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Recently there has been an increased interest in the paleontology of smallpox,1with the mummy of Ramses V, who is covered with a characteristic rash, being referred to as a typical case of smallpox in the ancient world.2  In his article, Dr Zuckerman1underlined the fact that the possibility of infection from ancient smallpox is small, but nevertheless the author recommended vaccination of all archeologists and anthropologists in this field.  Vaccination should not be recommended routinely for archeologists and anthropologists, as vaccination does carry risks and the danger of smallpox from the sources he described is nil.  However, areas where there is permafrost may provide an exception to this recommendation. Over the years, unsuccessfully as yet, we have tried to locate graves of persons known to have had smallpox who have died in the last 150 years in the Arctic.3  Some of these
Quality care at the end of life in Africa
Authors: C. Sepulveda
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Each year about 0.5% of the total population in Botswana, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe die from HIV/AIDS or cancer. The members of a WHO project to improve palliative care in these countries discuss their work. The greatest needs of terminally ill patients were for adequate pain relief, accessible and affordable drugs, and financial support to counter the loss of income of both patient and family caregiver. Special emphasis should be given to home based palliative care provided by trained family and community caregivers to counteract the severe shortage of professional healthcare workers