tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-06-29: Change of circulating tumor cells before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer
Authors: J Horiguchi, D Takata, N Rokutanda, R Nagaoka, H Tokiniwa, K Tozuka, A Sato, M Kikuchi, T Oyama, I Takeyoshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood may represent the possible presence of early tumor dissemination. However, relatively few studies were designed to investigate the change of CTC status by adjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients. Patients and methods: Peripheral blood (7.5ml) was collected from 95 patients with stage II/III breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). NAC consisted of anthracycline and paclitaxel chemotherapy and additional trastuzumab treatment for patients with HER2-positive tumors. Results: The average age of patients was 52.6 year old (median 52.0). One or more CTCs were detected in 18 (18.9%) of 95 patients. CTCs were detected in 6 (12.0%) of 50 patients with clinical stage II disease and 12 (26.7%) of 45 patients with clinical stage III disease. According to tumor subtypes, CTCs were detected in 5 (17.9%) of 28 patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative tumors (L subtype), 3 (12.5%) of 24 patients with HR-positive and HER2-positive tumors (L-H subtype), 4 (22.2%) of 18 patients with HR-negative and HER2-positive tumors (H subtype), and 6 (24.0%) of 25 patients with HR-negative and HER2-negative tumors (TN subtype). After NAC, 17 (94.4%) of 18 patients who were CTC-positive before chemotherapy changed into negative status. 30 (31.6%) of 95 patients had a pathologic complete response (pCR) after NAC. There was no correlation between CTC status before NAC and pathological response. At the median follow up of 27 months, distant metastasis was observed in 9 patients (9.5%). Patients with clinical stage III, TN subtype, or non-pCR had a significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS). However, CTC status before NAC was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusion: NAC has a significant impact on CTC status irrespective of tumor subtypes. CTC status before NAC was not a significant prognostic factor in this study. The reason of which may be that most of patients showing positive for CTCs before NAC have changed into negative after NAC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-29.
Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization: An Audit of 84 Patients
Authors: Hiroshi Imamura, Ryo Shimada, Mitsuru Kubota, Yutaka Matsuyama, Ataru Nakayama, Shin-ichi Miyagawa, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Seiji Kawasaki
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) was performed in 84 patients before extensive liver resection for various diseases. By the criteria of liver volumetric determination, some patients were candidates for PVE, whereas others were not, even though the same surgical procedure, such as extended right lobectomy (ERL), was scheduled. PVE using gelatin sponge powder induced hypertrophy in the nonembolized lobe (0%-171%; median, 30%) and proportional atrophy in the embolized lobe in 2 weeks without eliciting any major inflammatory or necrotic reaction, as evidenced histologically and by the minimal elevations in the serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) values. Alterations in the total bilirubin level and prothrombin time were also insignificant and transient, indicating that hepatocyte functions were not impaired by PVE. Not all patients who undergo PVE proceed with the scheduled hepatic resection procedure, so it is a great advantage that gelatin sponge causes minimal damage compared with other embolizing materials such as cyanoacrylate and absolute ethanol, which have been reported to induce an inflammatory reaction or histological alteration. Our multiple regression analysis showed that three factors, diabetes mellitus, a high total bilirubin level at the time of PVE, and being male, each reduced the extent of hypertrophy in the nonembolized lobe (r2 =.30). By contrast, cholestasis appeared to accelerate the process of atrophy in the embolized lobe (r2 =.16). In conclusion, PVE by gelatin sponge powder is a safe and effective preoperative maneuver that induces hypertrophy of the section of the liver that will remain after partial hepatectomy.
Mode of onset of torsade de pointes in congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Sami Viskin, Srinivasa R. Alla, Hal V. Barron, Karin Heller, Leslie Saxon, Ilan Kitzis, George F. van Hare, Mary J. Wong, Michael D. Lesh, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Low serum zinc in children with atopic eczema
Authors: T.J. DAVID, F.E. WELLS, T.C. SHARPE, A.C.C. GIBBS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Serum zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in sixty-five children with atopic eczema and seventy-nine control children. The mean serum zinc of the patients, (11.4 +/- 2.0 mumol/l) was significantly lower than that of the controls (13.7 +/- 2.3 mumol/l, P less than 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between the patients' serum zinc concentration and either the height/weight centile or a subjective assessment of severity and extent of the eczema. Of eleven patients with serum zinc below 10 mumol/l, six had recurrent infections of the skin, a significantly greater proportion than in patients whose serum zinc was 10 mumol/l or above. It is suspected that the decreased plasma zinc concentration in children with eczema is a non-specific consequence of the dermatological disorder, and therefore there is no indication for zinc supplementation.
A Study of Cases Manifesting Low Voltage in the Frontal Plane Electrocardiographic Leads
Authors: RICHARD W. WATTS, KEMAL GURSAL
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A study of 20 consecutive examples of frontal plane electrocardiographic low voltage revealed an incidence of 2.1 per cent among 935 patients having electrocardiograms. Arteriosclerotic heart disease was the most common cause and carried a high mortality rate. The striking lack of correlation between low voltage and heart size was pointed out and reasons for it are discussed. The lack of added value that the criteria of low voltage in the precordial leads afforded is also discussed.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH 99mTc-MIBI IMAGING IN POSTOPERATIVE FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH THYROID CARCINOMA
Authors: S Dadparvar, A Chevres, L Krishna, S Khann, J McEwan, W J Slizofski, A Khan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Dadparvar, S; Chevres, A; Krishna, L; Khann, S; McEwan, J; Slizofski, W J; Khan, A Author Information
Opinions on public health are split along class lines
Authors: Colleen Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

British voters would favour tough government measures to promote public health, a representative survey of 1000 people, published this week, has indicated. However, views on the role of the NHS and priorities for government action differ according to social class.

The survey, which was conducted for the Health Development Agency and the King's Fund, an independent think tank on health policy, showed that poorer people wanted the NHS to focus on treating illness, while the more affluent saw health …
Polymorphism and Divergence in the β-Globin Replication Origin Initiation Region
Authors: Stephanie M. Fullerton, Jacquelyn Bond, Julie A. Schneider, Bruce Hamilton, Rosalind M. Harding, Anthony J. Boyce, John B. Clegg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

DNA sequence polymorphism and divergence was examined in the vicinity of the human β-globin gene cluster origin of replication initiation region (IR), a 1.3-kb genomic region located immediately 5′ of the adult-expressed β-globin gene. DNA sequence variation in the replication origin IR and 5 kb of flanking DNA was surveyed in samples drawn from two populations, one African (from the Gambia, West Africa) and the other European (from Oxford, England). In these samples, levels of nucleotide and length polymorphism in the IR were found to be more than two times as high as adjacent non-IR-associated regions (estimates of per-nucleotide heterozygosity were 0.30% and 0.12%, respectively). Most polymorphic positions identified in the origin IR fall within or just adjacent to a 52-bp alternating purine-pyrimidine ((RY)n) sequence repeat. Within- and between-population divergence is highest in this portion of the IR, and interspecific divergence in the same region, determined by comparison with an orthologous sequence from the chimpanzee, is also pronounced. Higher levels of diversity in this subregion are not, however, primarily attributable to slippage-mediated repeat unit changes, as nucleotide substitution contributes disproportionately to allelic heterogeneity. An estimate of helical stability in the sequenced region suggests that the hypervariable (RY)n constitutes the major DNA unwinding element (DUE) of the replication origin IR, the location at which the DNA duplex first unwinds and new strand synthesis begins. These findings suggest that the β-globin IR experiences a higher underlying rate of neutral mutation than do adjacent genomic regions and that enzyme fidelity associated with the initiation of DNA replication at this origin may be compromised. The significance of these findings for our understanding of eukaryotic replication origin biology is discussed.
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy: Current Ideas Concerning Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Authors: DAVID H. JACOBSON, COLUM A. GORMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

ALTHOUGH the association of exophthalmos with goiter was recognized as early as the twelfth century (1), the modern focus on the constellation of hyperthyroidism, diffuse goiter, and endocrine ophthalmopathy is best attributed to the work of Caleb Parry (1825) (2), Robert Graves (1835) (3), and Carl von Basedow (1840) (4). Since their early descriptions a plethora of reports have been published detailing the clinical and histologic features of endocrine ophthalmopathy and coining a variety of colorful synonyms and eponyms (5, 6). There remained, however, a number of important unanswered questions. These deal with the nature of the inciting factor, the pathogenesis of the disease, the unique and often asymmetric involvement of extraocular muscles, the relationship between the eye disease and the thyroid abnormality, and the most rational and efficacious methods of treatment. We will review the clinical, anatomic, histologic, and immunologic features of endocrine ophthalmopathy particularly as they apply to these issues.
Double CEBPA mutations, but not single CEBPA mutations, define a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia with a distinctive gene expression profile that is uniquely associated with a favorable outcome
Authors: Bas J. Wouters, Bob Löwenberg, Claudia A. J. Erpelinck-Verschueren, Wim L. J. van Putten, Peter J. M. Valk, Ruud Delwel
Journal: Blood (2009)
Marathon running and atherosclerosis.
Authors: T J Bassler
Journal: BMJ (1977)

rise in antibody titre at all.In a small minority of these individuals there may be evidence of reinfection.This usually manifests as an entirely subclinical event with only a 4-8-fold rise in antibody titre, all the antibody being of the IgG class.There is no evidence that such events represent any risk to the fetus.Very rarely there is evidence of clinically apparent reinfection' 2 and in the following case this appeared to be related to vaccine.
PSA and the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anthony S. Robbins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Catalona et al1express proper caution regarding the value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the general population, noting that its benefits in reducing mortality have not been established. However, their findings can actually be used to estimate the possible adverse mortality associated with PSA screening and its sequelae among men 75 years of age and older.  Recently, Fleming et al2demonstrated by use of decision analysis that, compared with watchful waiting, radical prostatectomy in men 70 years of age and older with localized prostate cancer not only lacks treatment superiority, but generally appears to be harmful. This is due to two facts: first, it has yet to be demonstrated that among clinically localized cases, mortality from prostate cancer is reduced after radical prostatectomy compared with mortality among cases not treated surgically; and second, in men 75 years of age and older, the 30-day postoperative
HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEWBORN.
Authors: H. McCLANAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Hemorrhage in the newborn is either traumatic or spontaneous. <h3>Traumatic Hemorrhage.</h3> —When hemorrhage occurs during the first twenty-four hours after delivery it is usually traumatic. In the class of traumatic hemorrhages are to be included the following: Cephalohematoma, hematoma of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, hemorrhage beneath the skin, intracranial, intra-abdominal and intrathoracic. Intracranial hemorrhage, if extensive, causes death at birth, or the infant may breathe feebly for a few moments and die. If less extensive, there are no immediate symptoms, but paralysis later. Intra-abdominal hemorrhage can usually only be surmised, and in an infant large and strong at birth, dying within a few hours, with evidences of shock, intra-abdominal hemorrhage should be suspected; but the diagnosis can be confirmed only by autopsy. Hemorrhage of the lungs is certainly rare, but I have one case, reported herewith (Case 6). <h3>Spontaneous Hemorrhage.</h3> —In spontaneous hemorrhage the blood may be from any mucous surface
The Revised QUADAS-2 Tool
Authors: Penny F. Whiting, Jonathan A.C. Sterne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters21 February 2012The Revised QUADAS-2 ToolPenny F. Whiting, PhD and Jonathan A.C. Sterne, PhDPenny F. Whiting, PhDFrom University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author and Jonathan A.C. Sterne, PhDFrom University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Drs. Schueler, Schuetz, and Dewey for their comments regarding our recent article and are grateful for the opportunity to comment on the important issues they raise.It is not strictly correct that items 1 and 2 of the original QUADAS tool (1) relate to variability (external validity). Item 1 covers both bias in patient selection and variability of included patients, whereas item 2 relates solely to reporting quality. Distinguishing between risk of bias (internal validity) and applicability (external validity) was key to developing QUADAS-2. Assessment of applicability requires a clear definition of the patients, tests, and ...References1. Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3:25. [PMID: 14606960] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Whiting P, Rutjes A, Westwood M, Mallett S, Leeflang M, Reitsma H, et al. Updating QUADAS: evidence to inform the development of QUADAS-2. Available at www.bris.ac.uk/quadas/resources/quadas2reportv4.pdf. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-1238. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoQUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Penny F. Whiting , Anne W.S. Rutjes , Marie E. Westwood , Susan Mallett , Jonathan J. Deeks , Johannes B. Reitsma , Mariska M.G. Leeflang , Jonathan A.C. Sterne , Patrick M.M. Bossuyt , and The Revised QUADAS-2 Tool Sabine Schueler , Georg M. Schuetz , and Marc Dewey Metrics Cited ByMeasurement properties of quality assessment tools for studies of diagnostic accuracyPrevalence of focal incidental breast uptake on FDG-PET/CT and risk of malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysisDiagnostic accuracy of the UBC� Rapid Test for bladder cancer: A meta‑analysis 21 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 4Page: 323-324KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureForecastingHealth care quality assessmentRisk management ePublished: 21 February 2012 Issue Published: 21 February 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
First 11 genomic medicine centres are named by NHS England
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Eleven genomic medicine centres will start recruiting patients with cancer and rare diseases for genomic sequencing through the 100 000 Genomes Project from February next year, NHS England has announced.

Around 75 000 people will have their genomes sequenced to help identify genetic differences. These will predominantly be patients but will also include close relatives of patients with rare diseases. Participants will be required to give a blood sample, and cancer patients will also give a tumour sample so that any genetic traits in their tumours can be pinpointed.

George Freeman, minister for life sciences, told a press conference that the project would take …
NARRATION
Authors: E. Lee Strohl
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychotropic Drugs in Rheumatology
Authors: Herbert R. Dyer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Blackwell's article (225:1637, 1973) extolling the virtues of diazepam was particularly interesting to me because my specialty is rheumatology. I see a large sub-population of the emotionally disturbed patients whose main complaint is pain. My experience with diazepam as compared to the combination tranquilizer-antidepressants (eg, Triavil, Etrafon) has been just the opposite of Dr. Blackwell's. In the patients with pain, whether genuine inflammatory disease coexists or not, depression is common. Diazepam seems not only to have little value in the treatment of pain but also seems to unmask or aggravate depression. The antidepressants, on the other hand, do not show infrequently a marked decrease in pain in the individual whose primary problem seems to be anxiety-depression without inflammatory changes. In rheumatoid arthritis neither of these drugs has a significant effect on the pain. There has been no noticeable difference in side effects in my patients. Many
Infarct Size, Myocardial Hemorrhage, and Recovery of Function After Mechanical Versus Pharmacological Reperfusion
Authors: Sorin V. Pislaru, Laurentino Barrios, Tony Stassen, Lin Jun, Cristina Pislaru, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Whether myocardial reperfusion obtained with thrombolysis or primary angioplasty is associated with a similar recovery of function and with the same risk of hemorrhagic infarction is unknown. We evaluated the effects of mechanical and pharmacological reperfusion (with or without a plasma lytic state) on infarct size, myocardial hemorrhage, and left ventricular (LV) function in a canine model. Methods and Results Six groups of six dogs were subjected to balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. The study had a two-by-three factorial design with two occlusion periods (90 and 240 minutes) and three different reperfusion strategies (placebo, 0.4 mg/kg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and 40 μg/kg recombinant staphylokinase). In a seventh control group, LAD occlusion was maintained without reperfusion. All dogs received aspirin and heparin. A systemic lytic state was present in staphylokinase-treated dogs. Planimetry of LV slices showed larger infarcts (percent of area at risk) and more hemorrhage (percent of IA) after 240 minutes of occlusion than after 90 minutes of occlusion (54±17% versus 37±18% and 52±27% versus 29±27%, respectively; P &lt;.01 for both comparisons), with no significant difference among treatments. Hemorrhage was not observed in the control group without reperfusion. LV angiography showed no differences in global and regional LV function between mechanical and pharmacological reperfusion. Conclusions In this experimental model, hemorrhagic infarctions of similar extent were observed after both pharmacological and mechanical reperfusion. The extent of hemorrhage was increased by the delay in reperfusion but not by the presence of a lytic state.
The loss of bone mineral with aging and its relationship to risk of fracture.
Authors: D M Smith, M R Khairi, C C Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Longitudinal studies have shown that individuals lose bone mineral at unequal rates with aging. It has been postulated that individuals with the more rapid rates of loss constitute a separate population having an increased risk for developing fractures, i.e., osteoporosis. To examine this postulate, we made a search for a separate population of elderly women using a precise and objective measurement technique of bone mineral, photon absorptiometry. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the radius of 571 Caucasian females who were age 50 or older. It was found that BMC values adjusted for width had a normal distribution in all decades and the variation in BMC values did not increase with age. Subjects with vertebral fractures (n = 108) were estimated to be losing bone mineral at the same rate as those without vertebral fractures (n= 161). Thus evidence for a separate population of rapid losers of bone mineral was not found. Reconciliation of longitudinal studies which show unequal rates of loss with the present population survey, in which evidence for unequal rates was not found, would require that (a) the rate of loss of bone mineral for an individual is not constant and/or (b) the rate of mineral loss is proportional to the amount of mineral present at maturity. The incidence of vertebral fractures was inversely proportional to BMC values. In a group of 278 women followed for 470 subject-yr, the incidence of all fractures during the study (n = 31) was also inversely proportional to BMC. These data suggest that the BMC values of osteoporotics would be at the lower end of normally distributed values for the population.