tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors in the Causation of Spontaneous Hepatomas in Mice
Authors: W E Heston, G Vlahakis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Factors in the Causation of Spontaneous Hepatomas in Mice Get access W. E. Heston, W. E. Heston Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Vlahakis G. Vlahakis Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 37, Issue 6, December 1966, Pages 839–843, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/37.6.839 Published: 01 December 1966 Article history Received: 07 June 1966 Published: 01 December 1966
Quality-of-Life and Economic Outcomes of Assessing Fractional Flow Reserve With Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky, Bernard De Bruyne, Gianluca Pontone, Manesh R. Patel, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Robert A. Byrne, Nick Curzen, Ian Purcell, Matthias Gutberlet, Gilles Rioufol, Ulrich Hink, Herwig Walter Schuchlenz, Gudrun Feuchtner, Martine Gilard, Daniele Andreini, Jesper M. Jensen, Martin Hadamitzky, Alan Wilk, Furong Wang, Campbell Rogers, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Fractional flow reserve estimated using computed tomography (FFRCT) might improve evaluation of patients with chest pain.The authors sought to determine the effect on cost and quality of life (QOL) of using FFRCT instead of usual care to evaluate stable patients with symptoms suspicious for coronary disease.Symptomatic patients without known coronary disease were enrolled into 2 strata based on whether invasive or noninvasive diagnostic testing was planned. In each stratum, consecutive observational cohorts were evaluated with either usual care or FFRCT. The number of diagnostic tests, invasive procedures, hospitalizations, and medications during 90-day follow-up were multiplied by U.S. cost weights and summed to derive total medical costs. Changes in QOL from baseline to 90 days were assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, the EuroQOL, and a visual analog scale.In the 584 patients, 74% had atypical angina, and the pre-test probability of coronary disease was 49%. In the planned invasive stratum, mean costs were 32% lower among the FFRCT patients than among the usual care patients ($7,343 vs. $10,734 p < 0.0001). In the noninvasive stratum, mean costs were not significantly different between the FFRCT patients and the usual care patients ($2,679 vs. $2,137; p = 0.26). In a sensitivity analysis, when the cost weight of FFRCT was set to 7 times that of computed tomography angiography, the FFRCT group still had lower costs than the usual care group in the invasive testing stratum ($8,619 vs. $ 10,734; p < 0.0001), whereas in the noninvasive testing stratum, when the cost weight of FFRCT was set to one-half that of computed tomography angiography, the FFRCT group had higher costs than the usual care group ($2,766 vs. $2,137; p = 0.02). Each QOL score improved in the overall study population (p < 0.0001). In the noninvasive stratum, QOL scores improved more in FFRCT patients than in usual care patients: Seattle Angina Questionnaire 19.5 versus 11.4, p = 0.003; EuroQOL 0.08 versus 0.03, p = 0.002; and visual analog scale 4.1 versus 2.3, p = 0.82. In the invasive cohort, the improvements in QOL were similar in the FFRCT and usual care patients.An evaluation strategy based on FFRCT was associated with less resource use and lower costs within 90 days than evaluation with invasive coronary angiography. Evaluation with FFRCT was associated with greater improvement in quality of life than evaluation with usual noninvasive testing. (Prospective Longitudinal Trial of FFRCT: Outcomes and Resource Impacts [PLATFORM]; NCT01943903).
A randomized, half‐side comparative study of aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy vs. CO<sub>2</sub>laser ablation in immunocompetent patients with multiple actinic keratoses
Authors: N. Scola, S. Terras, D. Georgas, N. Othlinghaus, R. Matip, I. Pantelaki, K. Möllenhoff, M. Stücker, P. Altmeyer, A. Kreuter, T. Gambichler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and laser ablation (LA) are frequently used treatment options for multiple actinic keratoses (AK), yet they have not been compared head to head. Objectives To compare PDT and carbon dioxide (CO2) LA in the management of multiple AK using objective and subjective outcome measures. Methods A single-centre, randomized, two-treatment half-side comparative study of PDT vs. CO2 LA was performed. Patients with at least four bilateral (e.g., scalp, forearms) AK were included. The primary outcome measure was the reduction of AK 3 months (v3) after therapy. Secondary outcome measures included the reduction of AK 4 weeks (v2) after therapy, decrease of epidermal p53 and Ki-67 protein expression, micromorphological changes as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in vivo, and investigators' and patients' satisfaction scoring. Results In total, 20 patients (18 men and 2 women) completed the study. Both treatments reduced AK quantity significantly. On v3, relative reduction of AK quantity was significantly higher following PDT (P = 0·0362). Ki-67 and p53 protein expression was reduced significantly from baseline (Ki-67, median 49·5%; p53, median 64·8%) to v2 by both procedures (PDT, median 18·5%, P < 0·0001; LA, median 16·2%, P < 0·0001). AK features as assessed by OCT imaging were also significantly reduced by both procedures. The investigators and patients rated the side-effects and inconveniences of PDT as more severe, but both overall preferred PDT due to the superior clinical outcome. Conclusions CO2 LA and PDT are both effective therapy options for multiple AK, yet PDT seems to be superior in terms of AK reduction and participants' and investigators' overall satisfaction.
Fibronectin Production by Human Mammary Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Martha R. Stampfer, Israel Vlodavsky, Helene S. Smith, Richard Ford, Frederick F. Becker, John Riggs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Human mammary cells were examined for the presence of the high-molecular-weight surface glycoprotein fibronectin. Early passage mammary epithelial cell and fibroblast cultures from both carcinomas and normal tissues were tested for the presence of cell-associated fibronectin by immunofluorescence microscopy and for the synthesis and secretion of fibronectin by specific immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled protein. In vivo frozen sections of primary carcinomas and normal tissues were tested for the localization of fibronectin by immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast to the extensive fibrillar networks of fibronectin found in the fibroblast cultures, the epithelial cell cultures from both tissue sources displayed a pattern of cell-associated fibronectin characterized by powdery, punctate staining. However, the cultured epithelial cells, as well as the fibroblasts, secreted large quantities of fibronectin into the medium. Putative myoepithelial cells also displayed extensive fibrillar networks of fibronectin. The difference in cell-associated fibronectin distribution between the epithelial cells and the fibroblasts and putative myoepithelial cells provided a simple means of quantitating stromal and myoepithelial cell contamination of the mammary epithelial cells in culture. In vivo, normal tissues showed fibronectin primarily localized in the basement membrane surrounding the epithelial cells and in the stroma. Most primary carcinomas displayed powdery, punctate staining on the epithelial cells in addition to the fibronectin present in the surrounding stroma.
Teaching non-specialist health care professionals how to identify the atypical mole syndrome phenotype: a multinational study
Authors: J.A. Newton Bishop, M. Bradburn, W. Bergman, A. Osterlind, E. Pinney, I. Rosdahl, L. Scerri, M. Weichenthal, D. Mant, E.W. Breitbart, P. Karlsson, D.G. Altman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

The atypical mole syndrome (AMS) phenotype is the strongest known risk factor for cutaneous melanoma but recognition of the phenotype has been claimed to be problematic and to require specialist assessment. This study determined the ability of previously unskilled doctors and nurses in five countries to recognize the phenotype after brief training. The system used was the AMS scoring system. This incorporates melanocytic naevus counts, clinical atypia of naevi and distribution of naevi. The agreement in scoring between the dermatologist and trained personnel was determined in 986 patients; overall agreement in diagnosis was 94.5% (kappa 0.70, P < 0.0001). The kappa scores in different countries ranged from 0.65 to 0.77 for individual naevus characteristics, indicative of good agreement. Accurate diagnosis of the atypical mole syndrome phenotype is possible by non-specialists. This has implications for collaborative studies of naevi, for screening and for both primary and secondary prevention of melanoma.
Functions of proteins and lipids in airway secretions
Authors: J Jacquot, A Hayem, C Galabert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Proteins and lipids synthesized by airway secretory cells or transudated are active components in the protection of respiratory epithelium. Proteins and ions are involved in the control of mucus hydration. Secretory proteins, such as secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), transferrin and lysozyme, participate in the airway antibacterial defence. Other biochemical components found in secretions, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents as well as antiproteases, contribute significantly to the protection of the underlying epithelium.
The Global Health Implications of e-Cigarettes
Authors: Andrew Y. Chang, Michele Barry
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peculiarities and results of treatment in XDR pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)
Authors: Sergey Skornyakov, Igor Motus, Elena Kildyusheva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives. There is no a single approach to the treatment of XDR PTB so the results of treatment are still unsatisfactory. The aims of the study are to examine its features and find optimal way of the treatment.  Materials and methods. Between 2004 and 2011, 58 patients completed the treatment. Average age was 30,6 years. Close contact with PTB was in 30 (51,7%). All the patients were with failure of previous treatment. There has been resistance to at least H,R,Fq and one of injectional second-line drugs. Initially MDR was in 17 patients, XDR in 8 (all from household death contact!). Amplification of drug resistance to XDR has been formed over three years. All patients received individualized therapy based on DST for at least 2 years. Later–generation fluoroquinolones – Lfx or Mfx. When resistance to Km we used Cm. Of oral bacteriostatic 2nd –line Pto, Cs, PAS. Of drug group 5 - Amx/Clv, Clr. Artificial pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum was applied in 26 patients, surgery was performed in16.  Results. Sputum culture conversion was achieved in 37 (63,7%) patients including those subjected to collapse therapy and/or surgery. Late results were followed in 50 cases. Culture remains negative in 32 (64%) of patients including 22 of 26 after collapse therapy and 14 of 16 after surgery. That was confirmed by multiple sputum culture examination in terms of more than a year.  Conclusion. The development of XDR PTB resulted from close household contact, low adherence and lack of proper initial treatment. Application of collapse therapy and surgery along with individualized therapy can improve the outcome.
Abstract 1203: Metastasis-associated oncogene RhoC as a regulator of glutamine metabolism in the inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149
Authors: Joel A. Yates, Michelle L. Wynn, ZhiFen Wu, Charles R. Evans, Charles Burant, Santiago D. Schnell, Sofia D. Merajver
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly recognized as a fundamental hallmark of cancer. While the Warburg effect and normal proliferative metabolism are similar, they are not equivalent. We hypothesize that there are key drivers of malignant metabolism that can be modulated to impede cancer proliferation without substantial effects on normal tissue growth. Using 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine tracers in combination with mass spectrometry and measurements of extracellular glucose, lactate, and glutamine flux, we have characterized system level differences in a series of breast cancer cell lines as well as normal-like breast epithelial cells. We observed an increase in the reductive carboxylation of glutamine-derived citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate in the triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149. We also observed that the SUM149 exhibit high levels of HIF-1α and low levels of oxygen consumption under normoxia, suggesting that the cell line is highly adapted to hypoxia. Surprisingly, the stable depletion of HIF-1α via shRNA had no significant effect on the metabolic profile of these cells. Previous work by our lab and others has demonstrated that the GTPase RhoC is a driver of the metastatic phenotype exhibited by inflammatory breast cancer. Activation of RhoC is known to induce cytoskeletal rearrangements and increase invasive potential. The Rho GTPase family of proteins has also recently been linked to metabolism, specifically regulation of glutaminase activity. Here we show that stable knockdown of RhoC in SUM149 cells results in a marked decrease in the rate of both glutamine uptake and intracellular reductive carboxylation. This work reinforces the role of RhoC as an important driver of inflammatory breast cancer metastatic potential. We conclude that RhoC remains an important clinical target with the potential to alter patient outcomes. Citation Format: Joel A. Yates, Michelle L. Wynn, ZhiFen Wu, Charles R. Evans, Charles Burant, Santiago D. Schnell, Sofia D. Merajver. Metastasis-associated oncogene RhoC as a regulator of glutamine metabolism in the inflammatory breast cancer cell line SUM149. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1203. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1203
Early eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in cystic fibrosis patients (CF): Which is the best treatment?
Authors: Alejandro Teper, Guillermo Villagra, Silvana Fili, Silvina Lubovich, Silvina Zaragoza, Viviana Rodriguez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

CF patients usually have an intermittent period of PA infection before they become chronically infected. To date, there is no clearly identified which is the best practice for early treatment of PA infection.  Objective: To compare two different eradication treatments against initial PA infection.  Methods: Observational, analytic and retrospective cohort study. Clinical reports from patients assisted at our Center were reviewed and those with first acquisition of PA between 1997 and 2011 were included. Age at first acquisition, gender, and genetics were considered. Two types of treatment were indicated: Group1: Oral ciprofloxacin plus inhaled colistin for three months or Group 2: Intravenous Ceftazidime plus amikacin during 14 days. Time to recurrence of PA, eradication treatment rate (six months free of PA or more) and effective treatment (at least one culture negative after treatment) were the analyzed variables. Kaplan Meier curves were performed.  Results: 26 patients (15 males) in group 1and 39 patients (24 males) in group 2 were included. The median age (interquartile range) at first acquisition was 1.8 years (0.6 to 4.2) and 0.8 years (0.3 to 1.7) for group 1 and 2, respectively (NS). 67% and 62% of the patients had p.F508 del mutation in each group (NS). The median time to recurrence was 13 months (3.2 to 24) in group 1 and 5 months (0 to 11) in group 2 (p  Conclusion: in our study, oral ciprofloxacin plus inhaled colistin was a better option than intravenous Ceftazidime plus amikacin for the treatment of the early PA infection.
Non invasive positive pressure ventilation experience in Iran
Authors: Atefeh Fakharian, Elham Rabiei, Amirhasan Nasiri, Mohammadeza Masjedi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Non invasive ventilation (NIV) is a kind of ventilations which does not need intubation and receives oxygen with positive pressure. There are different studies about using of NIV in different countries but we could not find any survey about this topic in Iran. So, we did this study to find answers for these main questions: How common is NIV? What were the most diagnoses? Where was the most common area for using of NIV?

Method: We collected information for this cross-sectional retrospective study by reviewing 326 patient’s document who received NIV in their admission period because of different reasons between Janury, 2011 – March, 2012in Masih Daneshvari Hospital-National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITlD)- and filled out special checklist. Then, we evaluated the information to find the answers.

Results: We found that in that period, 326 patients received NIV .Their mean age was 61.99 years old. There Hypertension was the most basal diseases in 40.5% patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with 55.26 % and sleep apnea with 9.21 %were the most common diagnosis for receiving NIV. There were 4.26 % mortality between samples.NIV were used in pulmonary wards (65.08%), emergency room (25%), ICU or CCU were in the next level.

Conclusion: According to the study, Patients with COPD and Sleep apnea were the most users of NIV. NIV were used in any area out of intensive care units. NIV because of using in any area out of intensive care units can be more cost benefit for patients and hospitals. We recommend using of a trained group of nurses under a pulmonologist guide for easier and safer using of NIV out of intensive care units and more NIV educational classes for related specialists.
Portopulmonary hypertension in United Kingdom: A contemporary, national, observational study
Authors: Sasiharan Sithamparanathan, Logan Thirugnanasothy, Arun Nair, Gerry Coghlan, Charles Elliot, Andrew Fisher, Sean Gaine, Simon Gibbs, Michael Gatzoulis, Clive Handler, Luke Howard, Michael Johnson, David Kiely, James Lordan, Andrew Peacock, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Ian Sabroe, Karen Sheares, Stephen Wort, Paul Corris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background 

We studied portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) in an incident population.

Aims 

To analyse the clinical characteristics, pulmonary haemodynamics and management of PoPH patients presenting between 2001 and 2010.

Methods 

National database and case notes source review.

Results 

One hundred and thirty-one patients with PoPH were identified from the UK national database and full validated data was achieved in 76 (35 females). Mean age at diagnosis was 53±13 years. 77% presented in WHO functional class III.

There were 67 cirrhotic patients with causes including alcohol (42), hepatitis C (7), autoimmune (5), and primary biliary cirrhosis (4). The spread of Child-Pugh severity was: A 28, B 32 and C 7. Non-cirrhotic (9/76) causes included portal vein thrombosis (4/9), idiopathic portal hypertension (1), Budd-Chiari syndrome (1), and chronic veno-occlusive disease (1).

Haemodynamic measurements at presentation showed a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 49±10mmHg, cardiac index 2.9±1.0L/min/m2and pulmonary vascular resistance 7.6±3.6 Wood units. There was no association between severity of cirrhotic disease and haemodynamic abnormality apart from right atrial pressure between Child-Pugh A and B (9 vs 15mmHg; P<0.05).

Treatment at last evaluation consisted of monotherapy in 72%, including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (51%), endothelin receptor antagonists (13%), prostacyclins (7%), and combination therapy in 11%.

Conclusion 

PoPH presents in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic causes of portal hypertension. There was no correlation between the severity of liver disease and severity of PoPH. The commonest cause in United Kingdom is alcoholic cirrhosis.
Metabolism of steroid and amino acid moieties of conjugated bile acids in man
Authors: Gershon W. Hepner, Alan F. Hofmann, Paul J. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Cholyl-2,4-3H-glycine-1-14C was administered orally to eight healthy subjects with indwelling nasoduodenal tubes. The distribution of radioactivity among bile acids and the specific activity of cholylglycine were determined in bile collected at intervals for 7 days. 3H and 14C were measured in stool. 14C in breath was calculated from interval 14CO2 specific activity determinations.
Kinetics and Function of Tumor Cytotoxic Factor(s) Produced by Human Blood Monocytes Activated to the Tumoricidal State&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Sone S, Lopez-Berestein G, Fidler Ij
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Human monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers and isolated by centrifugal elutriation were not cytotoxic to allogeneic tumorigenic cells. These freshly isolated monocytes were rendered tumoricidal following interaction in vitro for 24 hours with greater than 0.01 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ml or over 1 µg nor-muramyl dipeptide/ml. Monocytes activated by this procedure produced a soluble factor that lysed tumor cells. Full expression of tumor cell lysis required a minimum of 18 hours' exposure of tumor cells to the factor. The degree of tumor cytotoxic factor (TCF) production was closely related to the intensity of monocyte activation to become tumoricidal. Significant production of TCF by monocytes was detected in the supernatants after treatment for 3 hours with LPS. TCF was also released by activated monocytes when cocultivated with tumorigenic cells. Similarly, the level of TCF production correlated with the monocyte density. TCF destroyed human allogeneic tumor cell lines (melanoma, glioblastoma, colon carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, and breast carcinoma), but it did not affect nontumorigenic cell lines (lung and skin fibroblasts). TCF activity was not blocked by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or protease inhibitors; it was destroyed by being heated at 100°C for 2 minutes. The ability of activated monocytes to release TCF could enhance host defense against cancer.