tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential detection of PAS-positive inclusions formed by the Z, Siiyama, and Mmalton variants of ?1-antitrypsin
Authors: Sabina Janciauskiene, Sten Eriksson, Francesco Callea, Meera Mallya, Aiwu Zhou, Kuniaki Seyama, Satoru Hata, David A. Lomas
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Several point mutations of α 1 -antitrypsin cause a perturbation in protein structure with consequent polymerization and intracellular accumulation. The retention of polymers of α 1 -antitrypsin within hepatocytes results in protein overload that in turn is associated with juvenile hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The detection of α 1 -antitrypsin polymers and understanding the molecular basis of polymer formation is of considerable clinical importance. We have used a monoclonal antibody (ATZ11) that specifically recognizes a conformation-dependent neoepitope on polymerized α 1 -antitrypsin to detect polymers within hepatocytes of individuals with α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency. Paraffin-embedded liver tissue specimens were obtained from individuals who were homozygous for the Z (Glu342Lys), Mmalton (52Phe del), and Siiyama (Ser53Phe) alleles of α 1 -antitrypsin that result in hepatic inclusions and profound plasma deficiency. Immunohistological staining with a polyclonal anti-human α 1 -antitrypsin antibody showed hepatic inclusions in all 3 cases, while ATZ11 reacted with hepatic inclusions formed by only Z α 1 -antitrypsin. Polymers of plasma M and Z α 1 -antitrypsin prepared under different conditions in vitro and polymers of recombinant mutants of α 1 -antitrypsin demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody detected a neoepitope on the polymerized protein. It did not detect polymers formed by a recombinant shutter domain mutant (that mirrors the effects of the Siiyama and Mmalton variants), polymers formed by cleaving α 1 -antitrypsin at the reactive loop, or C-sheet polymers formed by heating α 1 -antitrypsin in citrate. In conclusion , the ATZ11 monoclonal antibody detects Z α 1 -antitrypsin in hepatic inclusions by detecting a neoepitope that is specific to the polymeric conformer and that is localized close to residue 342. (Hepatology 2004;40:1203-1210.)
Glial origin of rapidly adhering amniotic fluid cells.
Authors: P Aula, H von Koskull, K Teramo, O Karjalainen, I Virtanen, V P Lehto, D Dahl
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Rapidly adhering cells (RA cells) from the amniotic fluid of a pregnancy with fetal anencephaly were investigated by immunofluorescence assay with an antiserum against glial cells. After 24 hours9 cultivation a high proportion of the cells showed positive glial-specific fluorescence, whereas no staining was seen in cells from samples of normal amniotic fluid. At the 24th week the mother was delivered of a stillborn infant with anencephaly. Immunofluorescence staining of RA cells with glial-specific antiserum may be used for the differential diagnosis of fetal abnormalities associated with a high alpha-fetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid.
Survival of Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Herbert L. Fred, Phil Davis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently, Gause et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>186</b>:624 [Nov 16] 1963) correctly called attention to the fact that some patients with sickle cell disease (SS genotype) may survive for many years, and, in turn, presented a 52-year-old man as being possibly the oldest reported living patient with this abnormality. However, Sydenstricker et al (<i>Amer Pract</i><b>13</b>:584 [Sept] 1962) described a 59-year-old man with sickle cell anemia and documented nine other examples of prolonged survival with this disorder. Our experience with sickle cell disease is similar to the observations of Sydenstricker and associates. The oldest person with this malady presently under our care is 50 years of age.
Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters20 December 2011Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious CareChristine K. Cassel, MDChristine K. Cassel, MDFrom American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-12-201112200-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Weinberger's commentary (1) boldly and eloquently advocates for a new competency that would ensure that residents receive formal training and evaluation focused on the avoidance of overuse and misuse of tests and procedures, with an aim of reducing health care costs and improving patient outcomes. Although many stakeholders share the responsibility for building a sustainable health care system, physicians will increasingly be held accountable for practicing on the basis of wise decision making about the tests and procedures they order. The Charter on Medical Professionalism (2), published nearly a decade ago by the American Board of Internal ...References1. Weinberger SE. Providing high-value, cost-conscious care: a critical seventh general competency for physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:386-8. [PMID: 21930856] LinkGoogle Scholar2. ABIM Foundation. ACP-ASIM Foundation. European Federation of Internal Medicine. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:243-6. [PMID: 11827500] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Begley S. One word word can save your life: No!. Newsweek. 22/29 August 2011:32-42. Google Scholar4. Treating Heart Disease. Consumer Reports. Accessed at www.consumerreports.org/health/conditions-and-treatments/heart-health/heart-disease-treatment/overview.htm on 28 September 2011. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christine K. Cassel, MDAffiliations: From American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMedical Professionalism in the New Millennium: A Physician CharterProviding High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care: A Critical Seventh General Competency for Physicians Steven E. Weinberger Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Carlos O. Weiss , Maia Holden , and Matthew McNabney Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Ira S. Nash Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Christopher L. Knight Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Erik A. Wallace Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Steven E. Weinberger Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Brian Pollak Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Jeremy D. Graham , Darryl K. Potyk , and Elise D. Raimi Metrics 20 December 2011Volume 155, Issue 12Page: 857-858KeywordsConflicts of interestDecision makingHealth careHeartPatient advocacyResidency ePublished: 20 December 2011 Issue Published: 20 December 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contribution of non-neurologic disturbances in acute physiology to the prediction of intensive care outcome after head injury or non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
Authors: M. M. Niskanen, A. Kari, J. A. Hernesniemi, M. P. Vapalahti, E. Iisalo, L. Kaukinen, V. Rauhala, E. Saarela, P. Nikki
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1994)
Abstract B60: Interleukin-1 expression and inflammasome activation in human malignant glioma
Authors: Leonid Tarassishin, Jihyeon Lim, Sunhee C. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a major proinflammatory cytokine produced by myeloid cells and is implicated in neurodegeneration. In human brain, IL-1 is expressed by microglia and contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity. IL-1 is also the major activator of human astrocyte and glioma cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IL-1 α and IL-1β expression and activation in human glioma cells. Methods: Human glioblastoma cell lines (U87, U251, and SN19) as well as patient-derived glioma cell lines were stimulated with cytokines (IL-1/IFNγ) or TLR ligands (LPS or poly IC) and the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β was studied by real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and ELISA. The glioma secretome was investigated using quantitative mass spectrometry. Results: We found that while primary human astrocytes show IL-1 translational block (no protein made despite high level of mRNA), but GBM cells responded strongly to IL-1 itself to produce large amounts of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA and proteins. Furthermore, GBM cells processed pro-IL-1β (31kDa) to mature IL-1β (17kDa) by activating the NALP3 inflammasome. Both ATP and nigericin induced IL-1β processing by upregulating NALP3. Proteomics analysis of IL-1 stimulated GBM cell secretome revealed several highly upregulated proteins (IL-8, MCP-1, tenascin-C, pentraxin 3, galectin 1, and MMP2), all of which are implicated in glioma progression. Furthermore, many extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) and ECM-related proteins were downregulated by IL-1 in the glioma secretome. Discussion: We propose that the ability of malignant glioma cells to produce IL-1 protein can set off chronic smoldering inflammation and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) resulting in increased migratory capacity, a unique gene signature, and increased immune signaling (NF-κB, pStat3). There is potential for IL-1 to be a biomarker/surrogate marker for a subset of GBM and that IL-1 blockade could benefit GBM patients. Citation Format: Leonid Tarassishin, Jihyeon Lim, Sunhee C. Lee. Interleukin-1 expression and inflammasome activation in human malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B60.
Adolescent Decisional Autonomy Regarding Participation in an Emergency Department Youth Violence Interview
Authors: Jennifer M. Cohn, Kenneth R. Ginsburg, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Joel A. Fein
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Much attention has been given to determining whether an adolescent patient has the capacity to consent to research. This study explores the factors that influence adolescents' decisions to participate in a research study about youth violence and to determine positive or negative feelings elicited by being a research subject. The majority of subjects perceived their decision to participate to be free of coercion, and few felt badly about having participated. However, adolescents who were alone in the room during the assent process were more likely to report that they chose freely to be a research subject. This study may influence the ways physicians communicate with adolescent patients around research assent within a clinical care environment. 1This article was presented at the Annual Meetings of The Pediatric Academic Societies in Baltimore, MD and The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine in Atlanta, GA in May, 2001. Open Peer Commentaries: Amar D. Trivedi, p. 75Carol D. Berkowitz, p. 77Amy T. Campbell, p. 78 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Rex Huang and Deena Blanchard for assisting with data preparation, and the Academic Associate program at the University of Pennsylvania for assisting with participant recruitment. Notes 1This article was presented at the Annual Meetings of The Pediatric Academic Societies in Baltimore, MD and The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine in Atlanta, GA in May, 2001.
THE INHIBITION BY CORTISONE OF THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF PPD ON TUBERCULIN-HYPERSENSITIVE CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Robert H. Leahy, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Using the roller tube method of tissue culture, it has been shown that cortisone and compound F inhibit the cytotoxic action of PPD upon macrophages from the splenic tissue of tuberculous guinea pigs. Pretreatment of the cells for 24 hours with hormones before exposure to PPD was found to be essential. Estrone and desoxycorticosterone glucoside had no protective activity. Certain advantages of the tissue culture method in studies of tuberculin hypersensitivity and possible mechanisms and implications of this protective action of cortisone are discussed.
Celebrity illnesses raise awareness but can give wrong message
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2000)

When a celebrity develops a disease, public awareness of the disorder usually increases dramatically, a US seminar heard last week. But the campaigns that spring up in the wake of the publicity sometimes mislead the public about what can or should be done to prevent it.

The first celebrity to speak out was Betty Ford, wife of president Gerald Ford, who did a great deal to raise awareness of breast cancer in 1974, Dr Barron Lerner of Columbia University told the meeting. Detection rates rose immediately in a phenomenon that became known as the …
P483The DNA glycosylase Neil3 improves survival in myocardial infarction by regulating fibroblast proliferation and function
Authors: MB Olsen, GA Hildestrand, LE Vinge, K Alfsnes, I Sjaastad, G Christensen, A Yndestad, P Aukrust, M Bjoraas, AV Finsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Accumulation of DNA damage due to impaired base excision repair (BER) may play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial failure. The DNA glycosylase Neil3 is known to carry out BER during oxidative stress induced DNA damage, but is also thought to have a role in stem cell biology. Based on this, we hypothesized that Neil3 plays a role in myocardial remodeling during heart failure (HF). qPCR showed an increased expression of Neil3 in myocardial biopsies from patients with severe HF, and that the Neil3 expression significantly decreased following improvement of myocardial function following treatment with left ventricular assist device. In a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI) we found a strong upregulation of Neil3 on day 3, 7 and 21 after MI. At day 7, myocardial cell isolation revealed a low Neil3 expression in cardiomyocytes, while a 2.5- and a 4.5-fold increased expression was found in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively, following MI compared to sham. In leukocytes an equally high expression of Neil3 was observed in both sham and MI. Using Neil3 knock-out (KO) mice we found a significantly higher mortality in KO compared to wild type (WT) mice after MI ( 73% vs. 40%), despite smaller infarct sizes in the Neil3 KO, as determined by MRI. The first week post MI, all animals died from cardiac rupture. Zymography on protein extracts from the infarcted tissue revealed significantly increased levels of MMP2 in the Neil3 KO, 3 days after MI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), at the same time point, showed similar numbers of inflammatory cells measured by the presence of Ly6G+ neutrophils, Mac2+ monocytes/macrophages and CD45+ leukocytes. At day 6 a significantly higher number of Ki67+ proliferating cells were observed in the Neil3 KO infarcted areas. In accordance with this, primary cardiac fibroblasts lacking Neil3 showed a higher proliferation rate, measured both by BrdU and scrape wound assay. Furthermore, we found a significantly higher mRNA expression of both the myofibroblast marker α-SMA, and collagen type III in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from Neil3 KO mice 7 days post MI, indicating increased levels of activated fibroblasts and altered fibroblast function. IHC 6 days post MI showed the same tendency towards more α-SMA-positive fibroblasts and more collagen by Sirius red in the Neil3 KO infarcts, however these differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, our data suggest that after MI, Neil3 plays a role in regulating fibroblast proliferation and function, affecting wound healing and extracellular matrix composition and quality, altogether reducing mortality.
THE METABOLISM OF ALCOHOL
Authors: H. E. HIMWICH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The effect of alcohol on the acid-base balance has not been studied except by Thomas,<sup>1</sup>who noted a diminution of the carbon dioxide content and carbon dioxide capacity of the blood after the ingestion of alcohol. In the present investigation, the influence of alcohol on the<i>p</i>h, carbon dioxide content and carbon dioxide capacity of arterial blood was determined in thirty dogs and twelve human subjects. The blood samples were also analyzed for lactic acid, dextrose and alcohol. In the dogs, blood was drawn from the femoral artery, and in the human subjects, from the brachial artery. Both dogs and human beings were studied in the postabsorptive state and without narcotics other than the alcohol, which was always given in 19 per cent solution. As a result of these studies it was found that alcohol produced an acidosis which was evident in changes of<i>p</i>hand carbon
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines
Authors: J.Alastair Carruthers, Nicholas J. Lowe, M.Alan Menter, John Gibson, Marian Nordquist, Julie Mordaunt, Patricia Walker, Nina Eadie
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Imaging the hamster flank organ by an ultrasonic technique: a new approach to animal tests
Authors: C. COMBETTES, V. DURAND-SEME, B. QUERLEUX, D. SAINT-LEGER, J.L. LEVEQUE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Images of the hamster flank organ were obtained in vivo by high resolution ultrasound (B-scan). The planimetric measurements of the ultrasonic image that determined the size of the flank organ, with a reproducibility of about 10%, highly correlated with the measurements of histological sections. This new method provides a simple and non-invasive method for determining the size of the hamster flank organ after various treatments which does not involve the killing of the animal under investigation.
Formation of multinucleate giant cells in tuberculoid granulomas
Authors: M.M. Black, W.L. Epstein
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Formation of multinucleate giant cells in tuberculoid granulomas Get access M.M. Black, M.M. Black Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.L. Epstein W.L. Epstein Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Pages 17–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12478.x Published: 01 July 1974
Diseases of the Heart and Circulation
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1969)

After 12 years, Paul Wood's classic,<i>Diseases of the Heart and Circulation</i>, has come out in a revised edition. This 12-year period has been one of tremendous development and growth in the field of cardiology and has required a new reference text. Paul Wood died (ironically, of heart disease) during the preparation of this revision. But about a dozen of his friends and colleagues, with his widow's consent, completed the work. The result is an encyclopedic text of 1,000 pages which lacks some of the easy readability of the earlier editions. It gains in stature by its density of information. There are no wasted words. The overall impression is that each sentence is a declarative statement. In many instances some of these declarations, although acceptable to a cardiologist, could bear a word or two of explanation for the sake of making a point comprehensible to a general internist. The statistics
Engaging Patients and Clinicians in Treating Tobacco Addiction
Authors: Judith J. Prochaska
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

This year marked the 50th anniversary of the Surgeon General's 1964 report on the health consequences of smoking. 1 Tobacco use is causally linked to diseases of nearly all bodily organs, overall deficits in health, and considerable medical costs.Annually, 480 000 deaths in the United States are attributed to tobacco, with millions more living with smoking-attributable diseases.Worldwide, tobacco-related deaths are expected to reach 1 billion during the 21st century. 2 Although there have been dramatic declines in smoking among adults in the United States over the past 50 years, not all groups have benefitted equally.Smoking has become increasingly concentrated among the poor, the less educated, and individuals with co-occurring psychiatric or addictive disorders.In 2012, an estimated 42 million people, or 18% of all adults 18 years or older, smoked cigarettes. 3By education, smoking prevalence was 42% among persons with a graduate education development (GED) certificate compared with 6% among those with graduate degrees and 9% with undergraduate degrees.By income, 17% of persons above the poverty level smoke compared with 28% below the poverty level.The smoking prevalence among individuals with mental illness or addictive disorders ranges from 40% to 60%. 4 The Affordable Care Act's requirement that health care plans cover tobacco treatment will expand access to cessation medication and counseling to these more vulnerable groups.Patient and clinician engagement will be critical to maximizing this opportunity.In this issue, Cunningham 5 analyzes survey data from 8656 current and retired autoworkers and their spouses, testing the association between patient engagement in medical care and physician tobacco treatment counseling.The assessment of patient engagement, which was nonspecific with reference to time and health concerns, had patients report whether for a medical visit, they ever brought in information from a website, had a family member or friend accompany them to the visit as an advocate or support, created a list of questions to ask of the clinician, or took notes on what the clinician said.Cunningham 5 found that more highly engaged patients were more likely to report that clinicians addressed tobacco use with them.Furthermore, highly engaged patients who were counseled on tobacco use by their clinicians were the most likely to attempt to quit smoking (75%), whereas patients with low levels of engagement who were not counseled by clinicians were the least likely to make a quit attempt (46%).Notably, if counseled by their clinician, 60% of patients with low engagement attempted to quit smoking.Patients with multiple chronic conditions reported being more engaged in their medical treatment, likely by necessity, Patient Engagement During Medical Visits