tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Between Rates of HIV Testing and Elimination of Written Consents in San Francisco
Authors: Nicola M. Zetola, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Barbara Haller, Patricia Nassos, Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Informatics in clinical practice in developing countries: still early days
Authors: S. Arunachalam
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Tamil Nadu will soon become the first state in India to provide telemedicine in the public sector when the local hospital in Thiruvallur is connected to the Chennai Medical College (about 40 km away) through an integrated services digital network (ISDN) line and linked terminals. Tamil Nadu cannot yet connect every district and taluk hospital to the nearest medical college because the ISDN facility is not available in many places outside Chennai. This reflects misplaced priorities in a country which has developed technologies for launching missiles and satellites and for producing nuclear bombs; provides cellular telephones, colour televisions, and luxury cars for the rich; and sends thousands of computer professionals to the United States every year. The story is the same everywhere in the developing world. 

#### Summary points

Developing countries can benefit the most from informatics and telemedicine, but they have the least access to these technologies

Despite growing interest in informatics and telemedicine, developing countries have not made much progress

Inadequate access to technology, inadequate investment in health care, and misplaced priorities have hindered developments

In the absence of deliberate government policy, new technologies will benefit only the rich

Priority must be given to establishing the infrastructure for health care as technology alone can be counterproductive

Inadequate access to technology, especially computers and telecommunications, is a key factor in the inability of developing countries to take advantage of progress in delivering health care. Most developing countries do not have the necessary infrastructure—the computer terminals, networks, communication channels, and bandwidth. This is not surprising when we consider that the income of the richest 20% of the world's population, which enjoys 83% of the world's income, is 80 times greater than that of the poorest 20%.1 In developing countries as a whole, 3.9% of the population have a telephone line, 0.7% have …
Hyperbaric oxygen in multiple sclerosis: a double blind trial.
Authors: C M Wiles, C R Clarke, H P Irwin, E F Edgar, A V Swan
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Eighty four patients with multiple sclerosis were treated in monoplace chambers with either hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atmospheres absolute or placebo. Comprehensive double blind assessment was carried out before, immediately after, and one month after treatment. There was no clinically important or significant benefit in any of the four major criteria of outcome--namely, the patient9s subjective opinion, the examiner9s opinion, the score on the Kurtzke disability status scale, or the time taken to walk 50 m. Out of 40 other clinical variables assessed, two (the sensory scale and timed writing with the left hand) showed a significant improvement without any subjective clinical correlate or change in any of seven other tests of left hand function. No group of symptoms was perceived by the patients as having improved more after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen than placebo. It is concluded that there is no basis for recommending hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Hepatic Injury During Ketoconazole Therapy in Patients With Onychomycosis: A Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: R. Chien, L. Yang, P. Lin, Y. Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To evaluate the incidence, severity, and course of ketoconazole– associated hepatic injury, 211 patients with onychomycosis were randomized by a ratio of 2:1 to receive either ketoconazole (137 patients) or griseofulvin (74 patients). All of them were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV) and had no biochemical abnormality before therapy. The two groups were comparable in age, sex, and pretherapy liver biochemical tests. Liver biochemical tests were followed up biweekly for 3 months, and then at monthly intervals during the remaining course of therapy. No biochemical abnormality or hepatic injury was found in patients during griseofulvin treatment. Of the patients treated with ketoconazole, 24 (17.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1% to 23.9%) showed asymptomatic transaminase elevation. Ketoconazole was discontinued immediately after overt hepatitis developed in another 4 patients (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 5.7%) who did not succumb to hepatic decompensation. The abnormal biochemical changes in patients with overt hepatitis returned to normal after discontinuing ketoconazole. Elderly patients were more prone to develop overt hepatitis. In patients with asymptomatic liver injury, the abnormal biochemical changes gradually returned to normal despite continuing ketoconazole therapy. The results of this cohort study suggest that ketoconazole–induced overt hepatitis is more common than previously believed and that transient subclinical injury is much more common than overt hepatitis. Therapy with ketoconazole may be continued with caution in the absence of symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia, but should be discontinued if overt hepatitis occurs.
C/EBPα regulated microRNA-34a targets E2F3 during granulopoiesis and is down-regulated in AML with CEBPA mutations
Authors: John A. Pulikkan, Philomina S. Peramangalam, Viola Dengler, Phoenix A. Ho, Claude Preudhomme, Soheil Meshinchi, Maximilian Christopeit, Oliver Nibourel, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Stefan K. Bohlander, Daniel G. Tenen, Gerhard Behre
Journal: Blood (2010)
HIV and T follicular helper cells: a dangerous relationship
Authors: Carola G. Vinuesa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

HIV infection leads to progressive destruction of infected CD4 T cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, and loss of memory B cells. Germinal centers, which are key to memory B cell formation and protective antibody responses, are major HIV reservoirs in which the virus replicates within T follicular helper (TFH) cells. In this issue of the JCI, the Koup and Streeck groups report that chronic SIV/HIV infection promotes TFH cell accumulation, which may drive B cell dysregulation. Their discoveries suggest that HIV harnesses TFH cells to evade the antibody response.
The Alcoholism of F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Alcoholism is unevenly distributed among, groups. More men than women are alcoholic, more Irishmen than Jews, more bartenders than bishops. The group, however, with possibly a higher rate of alcoholism than any other consists of famous American writers. Whether, as Hemingway said, most good writers are alcoholic is uncertain, but apparently a large number are. Of the seven Americans who were awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, four, according to their biographers, were alcoholics and a fifth drank heavily. If we compile a list of wellknown American writers of the past century, quite possibly one third to one half could be considered alcoholic. How to explain the high rate of alcoholism among authors? Is the association purely chance? Do writers drink because of the nature of their work or the life they lead? Do bad or obscure writers become alcoholic as often as famous writers? (Perhaps fame itself leads to
US puts hospital comparison data on website to help patients
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US Department of Health and Human Services has added important new data on its website to allow people to compare the quality of services at 4700 acute care, critical access, and children’s hospitals. The United States has about 5000 hospitals.

Barry Straube, chief medical officer of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), said in a teleconference with reporters, “Our goal is not to label hospitals as good or bad but to provide insight to the hospitals as well as the general public on what they are achieving in the care they render. Our ultimate goal is to achieve universally safe, effective, and efficient care for all Americans, not …
Improving Cardiac Resuscitation in the Community
Authors: Neil A. Solomon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 February 1992Improving Cardiac Resuscitation in the CommunityNeil A. Solomon, MDNeil A. Solomon, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-347_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: I read with interest and emotion Dr. Cleaveland's description (1) of his failed attempt at out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the past 5 years, I have twice provided CPR to pedestrians who revived and returned to full neurologic function. Both incidents occurred near a health care facility, decreasing the delay in the arrival of equipment for definitive care (defibrillation, intubation, and intravenous access). In Dr. Cleaveland's case, supplemental oxygenation was delayed for 20 minutes and definitive care technology arrived even later. Despite adherence to American Heart Association resuscitation protocol, the patient died.The greatest predictor of survival...References1. Cleaveland C. CPR. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:570-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WeaverCobbHallstrom WLA. Factors influencing survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:752-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. AtkinsStreigerBurstein JHT. Improved survival rates with automatic defibrillators. Prehospital Disaster Medicine 1989;4:69. Google Scholar4. WeaverSutherlandWirkusBachman WKMR. Emergency medical care requirements for large public assemblies and a new strategy for managing cardiac arrest in this setting. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:155-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Neil A. Solomon, MDAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1992Volume 116, Issue 4Page: 347-348KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationEmotionsHealth care facilitiesHeartIntubationResuscitation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1794: A novel combination therapeutic approach for targeting murine cancers with IL-13 receptor alpha 2 DNA vaccine and an immunotoxin
Authors: Hideyuki Nakashima, Bharat H. Joshi, Syed R. Husain, Raj K. Puri
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Iinterleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), a cancer testis antigen, is frequently over-expressed on human solid tumors and can be effectively targeted by a recombinant fusion immunotoxin composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE). We have previously demonstrated that cDNA vaccine to IL-13Rα2 or IL13-PE alone can cause regression of established murine cancer. Here, we demonstrate that combination therapy with DNA vaccine and IL13-PE can cause a remarkable antitumor effect in advanced tumor metastasis models induced by 4T1 breast carcinoma and MCA304 sarcoma. Murine metastatic tumor models were developed by i.v. injection of either 1×105 4T1 or 1×106 MCA304 cells. Mice with established 4T1 metastasis received twice daily i.p. injections of IL13-PE (50 ug/kg/injection) on five consecutive days beginning day 7 followed by i.m. DNA vaccination (100 μg/day) on day 18, 23, 28 and 33. The combination therapy significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) prolonged overall survival (56 days) of animals compared to control (32 days), IL-13PE alone (43 days) or DNA vaccine alone (40 days). Similar results were observed in MCA304 sarcoma tumor model. Mice treated with combination therapy showed higher CTL activity and IFN-γ release from splenocytes in vitro compared to the controls in both tumor models. Immunofluorescence analyses exhibited infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lung tissues of immunized mice. The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity was further confirmed by similar treatment of tumor-bearing RAG2 KO mice (deficient in T and B cells), which showed no response to therapy. Interestingly, tumor bearing mice treated with combination therapy recruited much lower number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in lungs than PBS treated controls. These results indicate that combination therapy with IL13-PE followed by DNA vaccine may be a new therapeutic approach of treating human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1794. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1794
New York attorney general investigates energy drink makers
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

New York state’s attorney general, Eric Schneiderman, has issued subpoenas to three energy drink manufacturers, PepsiCo, Monster Beverage Corporation, and Living Essentials LLC, asking for information on the companies’ marketing and advertising practices.

The Wall Street Journal Online , which first reported the story, said that the investigation focused on whether the manufacturers were misleading customers with inaccurate labeling and advertising.1

A spokeswoman for the attorney general’s office told the BMJ that the office could not comment on ongoing investigations, nor could it reveal the content of the subpoenas.

Representatives for PepsiCo and Living Essentials declined to comment. Monster Beverage, the market leader by sales volume, had not responded to the BMJ ’s inquiry at the time of going to press.

The sports drinks in …
Nanoparticles functionalized with Pep-1 as potential glioma targeting delivery system via interleukin 13 receptor α2-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Baoyan Wang, Lingyan Lv, Zhongyuan Wang, Yue Zhao, Lin Wu, Xiaoling Fang, Qunwei Xu, Hongliang Xin
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Optimal right ventricular filling pressures and the role of pericardial constraint in right ventricular infarction in dogs.
Authors: J E Calvin
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Previous studies have reported an important role for right ventricular function in the pathophysiology of the low cardiac output state that can accompany right ventricular infarction. Some studies have suggested that right ventricular distensibility impairs right ventricular filling and stroke output; others have demonstrated that the pericardium can mediate depressed left ventricular filling and stroke output.To determine the role of pericardial constraint and optimal volume loading in an experimental model of right ventricular wall infarction, six mongrel dogs were studied before and after right ventricular wall infarction and after volume loading. The pericardium was then opened in two phases. In the first phase, the pericardium was opened partially to allow the atria to distend freely, and in the second phase, the pericardium was opened completely. The animals were preinstrumented with two sets of piezoelectric crystals attached to the right ventricular free wall, one in the infarct and the other in the noninfarct territory. Left ventricular size was estimated by left ventricular crystals on the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Right ventricular and left ventricular Millar catheters were used to assess intracavitary pressure, and a flat balloon was used to assess intrapericardial pressure. Right ventricular infarction reduced cardiac output by 23% and stroke volume by 30%. End-diastolic segment length and transmural pressure of the left ventricle decreased. Volume loading restored cardiac output to baseline values and was mediated by a significant increase in end-diastolic length in the noninfarct territory. This was achieved by increasing right ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 9 +/- 2 to 16 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Partial opening of the pericardium mediated significant increases in both end-diastolic segment lengths of the left ventricle and the noninfarct territory. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased slightly by 3 mm Hg (p = NS). Complete opening of the pericardium increased cardiac output and stroke volume and mediated a significant decrease in right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Left ventricular transmural pressure and end-diastolic segment lengths of the left ventricle and the noninfarct territory increased. Left ventricular diastolic pressure-segment length relations were shifted upward by right ventricular infarction. A partial opening of the pericardium shifted this relation downward in all animals, and complete opening of the pericardium shifted the relation rightward and further downward.Cardiac output is restored to baseline values by volume loading sufficient to increase the right ventricular diastolic pressure to 16 +/- 3 mm Hg. Evidence of pericardial constraint was observed and appears to be mediated by an atrioventricular interaction in addition to the direct ventricular interaction.
Cesarean Section for Placenta Prævia.
Authors: W. P. Whelan
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Omaha, Neb., May 30, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Dr. Holmes' article on section for placenta prævia inThe Journal, May 20, appears this assertion concerning the Catholic Church's doctrine anent extrauterine pregnancy: "The profession may not know it, but the church prohibits operation for extrauterine pregnancy; this prohibition would not be countenanced by physicians." I do not suppose for a moment that the writer intends the latter part of this assertion for Catholic physicians who look on that church as their teacher and guide in questions of faith and morals; and as there is a moral principle involved in this, as well as in kindred operations, they must, if true to their religious belief, follow the wise decisions of the church. But apart from this, and not in a spirit of controversy, let me ask is not Dr. Holmes' statement, "The church prohibits operation for extrauterine pregnancy," somewhat misleading,
Abstract LB-114: Genome wide analysis reveals a "liability" in the mutant p53 transcriptome.
Authors: Luis A. Martinez, Madhusudhan Kollareddy, Lakshman Varanasi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract One of the mechanisms by which the oncogene mutant p53 (mtp53) suppresses chemotherapy induced apoptosis is by directly regulating gene expression. We speculated that within the mtp53 transcriptome, there may be transcriptional targets that constitute "liabilities" that can be exploited to kill mtp53 bearing cancer cells. CHIP-Seq analysis of mtp53 revealed that the key enzyme required for activation of nucleoside analogs, deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), is a direct target of mtp53. We demonstrate that mtp53 associates with the promoter of the DCK gene and that knockdown of mtp53 in multiple cancer cell lines results in reduced DCK mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we show that mtp53 cooperates with the ETS transcription factors to induce DCK expression. Knockdown of mtp53 or ETS proteins reduces the activity of a DCK promoter-luciferase construct, thus reinforcing that DCK is a transcriptional target of an ETS/mtp53 complex. In contrast, knockdown of wildtype p53 has no effect on the expression of DCK, indicating that the ability of mtp53 to regulate DCK expression is a gain-of-function activity. Based on our findings, we reasoned that by upregulating DCK expression, mtp53 may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to nucleoside analogs. Indeed, shRNA knockdown of DCK reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to gemcitabine. Importantly, suppression of mtp53 or ETS proteins also renders cancer cells less sensitive to gemcitabine. Thus, these data support the notion that mtp53 can sensitize cells to nucleoside analogs via DCK. Our data reveal the presence of a transcriptional "liability" in the mtp53 transcriptome that may help predict which patients will have a better therapeutic response to nucleoside analogs. Citation Format: Luis A. Martinez, Madhusudhan Kollareddy, Lakshman Varanasi. Genome wide analysis reveals a "liability" in the mutant p53 transcriptome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-114
Excess of Seminomas Observed in Vietnam Service U.S. Military Working Dogs
Authors: Howard M. Hayes, Robert E. Tarone, Harold W. Casey, David L. Huxsoll
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

During the Vietnam War, US military working dogs served with their companion dog handlers in close proximity, sharing common exposures to war-related activity, many zoonotic infectious agents, chemical pesticides, phenoxy herbicides, and extensive use of therapeutic drugs. To gain insight into the effects of the Vietnam experience, we investigated the occurrence of neoplasms in military working dogs based on standard necropsy examination by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. We observed that these dogs experienced significant elevated risks for testicular seminoma and, independently, testicular dysfunction. Experimental evidence shows testicular dysfunction and impaired spermatogenesis in laboratory animals exposed to phenoxy herbicides, dioxin, or tetracycline, and antibiotic used extensively in military working dogs in Vietnam. Because an unexplained significant decrease in sperm quality in Vietnam veterans has been observed by the Centers for Disease Control, further research is warranted if we are to clarify military service in Vietnam as a risk factor for testicular dysfunction. The testis should be made a priority site in the study of Vietnam experience-related cancers.
Direct Electrocardiograms from the Human Heart in Situ. Comparison of Direct Leads with Precordial Leads
Authors: GORDON E. HEIN, JAMES C. REAVIS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The clinical value of multiple precordial leads has been proved abundantly and they are now used routinely in many electrocardiographic laboratories. The experimental background was based upon the correlation of precordial leads with direct leads in dogs. Direct leads from the surface of human hearts have rarely been reported. The present study is presented to add further justification to the use of precordial leads as "semidirect" leads in the human being.