tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abdominal pain as a predictor of pneumonia in children
Authors: Ilija Kirovski, Vesna Micevska, Lidija Seckova, Ljupco Nikolovski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  The abdominal pain may occur in children with pneumonia. When it is present, becomes an important symptom because it focuses attention on digestive tract tending to cause errors in diagnosis.   Methods:  We prospectively studied 258 children ages 3 to 14 years who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia.   Results:  The dominant initial clinical presentation in 22 (8,5%) of the patients was acute abdominal pain. Mean duration of the pain was 17,9 h (range 2 h to 2 days) before the diagnosis of pneumonia was established. Respiratory rate on admission >40 was in 14/22 (63,6%) of the patients. Seventy-three percent of the patients had temperature between 38 and 40°C. WBC ≥ 15000/mm 3  was seen in 15/22 (68,2%). Auscultation abnormalities were present in 17/22 (77,3%) patients. The diagnosis was confirmed in all by chest radiography. It was observed that left-sided pneumonia is capable of mimicking appendicitis almost frequently as right-sided pneumonia. All abdominal symptoms disappeared in all children following the treatment of pneumonia, and no sequelae were observed.   Conclusions:  In children presenting with acute abdominal pain, pneumonia must also be considered as a possible cause. However, chest radiography should be performed in a child with abdominal pain of unknown cause, especially if there are respiratory symptoms, fever and increased white cell count. Prompt diagnosis is essential, not only to avoid surgical intervention but also to start therapy early and to prevent possible complications of pneumonia.
Marital therapy: a viable treatment for depression and marital discord
Authors: K D O'Leary, S R Beach
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Thirty-six maritally discordant couples with depressed wives were randomly assigned to marital therapy, cognitive therapy, or a waiting-list control condition. The women given marital or cognitive therapy showed significant and clinically meaningful reductions in their depression. The women given marital therapy showed greater increases in marital satisfaction than did those given cognitive therapy or no therapy; these differences were maintained at 1-year follow-up. These findings suggest that marital therapy may be the most effective and appropriate treatment for clinically significant marital discord with coexisting clinically significant depression.
Association of Newborn Apgar Score With Maternal Admission to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Joel G. Ray, Karyn E. Medcalf, Alison L. Park
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

The newborn Apgar score efficiently evaluates an infant's condition at birth and the need for immediate attention. 1 The risk of neonatal or infant death is greatest at a low 5-minute Apgar score of 0 to 3 and moderate at an intermediate score of 4 to 6 compared with a normal Apgar score of 7 to 10. [1][2][3] The risk of neonatal and maternal mortality is highest when both the mother and infant are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) after delivery. 4 Because the newborn 5-minute Apgar score is routinely collected, we assessed its association with maternal admission to the ICU.Methods | We included 712 715 singleton obstetric al live births in Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 2006, to March 3, 2012, after excluding 99 735 births (12.3%) with missing or ineligible data.We explored whether a low, intermediate, or normal newborn Apgar score at 5 minutes is associated with maternal postpartum admission to the ICU.The study was approved by the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre research ethics board, and all data were deidentified.Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to generate unadjusted and adjusted relative risks, controlling for maternal age, parity, income quintile, prepregnancy diabetes mellitus, obesity, drug dependence or tobacco use, and newborn sex.Results were stratified by preterm (24-36 weeks) vs term (≥37 weeks) delivery, the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia), and findings above vs below the median time interval between delivery and ICU admission.We secondarily evaluated ICU admission with concomitant mechanical ventilation, which is an indicator of greater ICU severity (Damon Scales, MD, PhD, FRCPC; written communication; June 26, 2015).Data were analyzed from April 1, 2006, to March 3, 2012.Results | Among mothers whose newborn had a normal 5-minute Apgar score, the rate of maternal ICU admission was 1.7 per 1000; the rate rose to 13.0 per 1000 with an intermediate Apgar score, and to 18.8 per 1000 with a low 5-minute Apgar score (Figure).The rates of ICU admission were high in women with preterm delivery or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, but the adjusted relative risks were more pronounced for term births or in the absence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.The adjusted relative risks were also higher among women admitted to the ICU within 4 hours of delivery, especially for women also requiring mechanical ventilation (Figure).
Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat on the Growth of a Transplantable Adenocarcinoma in C3HAvyfB Mice
Authors: G. J. Hopkins, C. E. West
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Weaning male and female C3HAvyfB mice were fed a low-fat (4.5%) diet until they were 60-70 days of age when they were fed high-fat (18.6%) diets containing either sunflower-seed oil (polyunsaturated fat diet) or tallow (saturated fat diet). After receiving either of the high-fat diets for 4 weeks, each mouse received an inoculum of approximately 1,700 single cells from a transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma. The cumulative incidence of tumor-bearing mice was significantly greater among both males and females fed the polyunsaturated fat diet than among males and females fed the saturated fat diet. The mean times elapsed before palpable tumors developed were less when mice were fed the polyunsaturated fat diet than when mice were fed the saturated fat diet, but these differences were not statistically significant. The cumulative incidence of tumor-bearing mice was also significantly greater among females than males. The results supported the suggestion from previous work in this laboratory that the polyunsaturated fat diet exerts its effect on the promotional stage of carcinogenesis rather than on the initial event of neoplastic transformation.
An Ammonia Detoxicant, Arginine Glutamate
Authors: H A SCHROEDER
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II study of vinorelbine in patients with pretreated advanced ovarian cancer: activity in platinum-resistant disease.
Authors: E Bajetta, A Di Leo, L Biganzoli, L Mariani, F Cappuzzo, M Di Bartolomeo, N Zilembo, S Artale, E Magnani, L Celio, R Buzzoni, C Carnaghi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of vinorelbine (VNLB) in a population of advanced ovarian cancer patients, with particular attention to defining its role in platinum-resistant disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three patients were recruited and treated with VNLB 25 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) weekly. the median age was 53 years, performance status 0 to 2, and number of previous chemotherapy regimens two (range, one to five). Twenty-four patients were platinum-resistant; the remaining nine either were platinum-sensitive (four cases) or had undetermined sensitivity (five cases). RESULTS The mean delivered dose-intensity of VNLB was 67% of the planned level, because 60% of the cycles were delayed due to neutropenia or anemia. Four partial responses (PRs) and one complete response (CR) were observed, for an overall response rate of 15% (95% exact confidence interval, 5.1% to 31.9%). All the responses occurred in the subgroup of 24 platinum-resistant cases, in whom the response rate was 21% (95% exact confidence interval, 7.1% to 42.1%). Seven patients became stabilized on VNLB, and 27% of the cases showed a reduction in serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) levels. G3/G4 side effects consisted of neutropenia, anemia, and worsening of preexisting peripheral neuropathy. No treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSION VNLB led to a 21% response rate in the population of heavily pretreated and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. Further studies of VNLB alone or in combination with taxanes are warranted in patients with less pretreatment.
Different reference equations may affect COPD staging and treatment
Authors: Rodrigo Russo, Marcella Pereira, Oliver A. Nascimento, Aquiles Camelier, Fernanda Rosa, Ana M. Menezes, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Juan Carlos Vázquez-García, Maria Lopez, Maria Montes de Oca, Gonzalo Valdívia, José Roberto Jardim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Due to the large variation of the predicted values generated by the different equations, it is possible that COPD staging would change when different equations are used.   Objectives:  To compare the results of some commonly used spirometry reference equations with the one derived from the PLATINO equation in all patients with COPD from the PLATINO Study; to evaluate the possibility of changing the patient predicted value considering the cut off point as 50% of FEV 1  predicted value when the different equations are used   Material and methods:  Out of the 5315 individuals evaluated in the PLATINO sample, 759 (52.3% male) of them had COPD according to GOLD criteria. Comparison of staging was performed using the FEV 1  in percentage of predicted in each equation, considering the percentage expected from the PLATINO equation as reference.   Results:  We evaluated 759 patients with COPD, observing staging changes in 29.4% in relation to the difference equations, being Knudson et al., Crapo et al. and Pereira et al. 2007 equations that showed the greatest number of changes.   Conclusion:  Overall these reference equations tested may be applied indistinctly for predicting the spirometry values, although we should reinforce that some of them, like Knudson et al. and Crapo et al., may decrease disease severity, while Pereira et al. 2007 increases the severity, when considering only the percentage of predicted values. These results call to attention the importance of following up patients with COPD by the absolute value of their FEV 1  and suggest that only one equation should be used during the treatment of the same patient so as to avoid alterations in the treatment.
Erythromycin inhibits Cl secretion across canine tracheal epithelial cells
Authors: J Tamaoki, K Isono, N Sakai, T Kanemura, K Konno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

We studied the effect of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin on bioelectrical properties of canine cultured tracheal epithelium under short-circuit conditions in vitro. Addition of erythromycin to the submucosal but not to the mucosal side dose-dependently decreased short-circuit current (Isc), the maximal decrease from the baseline value and the concentration required to produce a half-maximal effect (IC50) being 5.6 +/- 1.0 microA.cm-2 (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.001) and 18 microM, respectively. In contrast, other antibiotics including ampicillin, cephazolin and tetracycline were without effect. The erythromycin-induced decrease in Isc was not altered by amiloride, but it was abolished by bumetanide, diphenylamine-2-carboxylate2, and substitution of Cl in the bathing medium with gluconate (p less than 0.001, in each case). The effect of erythromycin on epithelial Isc was attenuated by pretreatment of cells with indomethacin but not with AA-861 a lipoxygenase inhibitor. Incubation of cells with erythromycin inhibited the release of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha from tracheal epithelial cells. These results indicate that erythromycin may selectively inhibit Cl secretion across airway epithelium through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and suggest that this action possibly reflects its clinical efficacy in the treatment of airway hypersecretion.
Randomized Trial of Coordinated Psychosocial Interventions Based on Patient Self-Assessments Versus Standard Care to Improve the Psychosocial Functioning of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Sue-Anne McLachlan, Ann Allenby, Jane Matthews, Andrew Wirth, David Kissane, Michelle Bishop, Jennifer Beresford, John Zalcberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

To determine whether making patient-reported cancer needs, quality-of-life (QOL), and psychosocial information available to the health care team, allowing coordinated specifically targeted psychosocial interventions, resulted in reduced cancer needs, improved QOL, and increased satisfaction with care received.Self-reported cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial information was collected from 450 people with cancer, using standardized questionnaires via a touch-screen computer. For a randomly chosen two thirds, this information was made available to the health care team who coordinated targeted psychosocial interventions. Information from the remaining one third was not seen. Patients were assessed 2 and 6 months after randomization for changes in their cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial functioning and satisfaction with overall care received.There were no significant differences between the two arms with respect to changes in cancer needs, QOL, or psychosocial functioning between the baseline and follow-up assessments, nor with respect to satisfaction with care. However, for the subgroup of patients who were moderately or severely depressed at baseline, there was a significant reduction in depression for the intervention arm relative to the control arm at the 6-month assessment (P =.001).Making patient-reported cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial data available to the health care team at a single consultation together with coordinated psychosocial interventions does not seem to reduce cancer needs nor improve QOL, psychosocial functioning, or satisfaction with the care received. However, identification of patients with moderate or severe levels of depression may be valuable in reducing subsequent levels of depression.
Chemotherapy of advanced dysgerminoma: trials of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.
Authors: S D Williams, J A Blessing, K D Hatch, H D Homesley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Between 1984 and 1989, 20 assessable patients with incompletely resected ovarian dysgerminoma were treated on two protocols of the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG). All patients received cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide. More recent patients also received consolidation chemotherapy with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Eleven patients had clinically measurable disease, and 10 responded completely. Fourteen second-look procedures were done, and all were negative. Currently, 19 of 20 patients are disease-free with median follow-up of 26 months. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in patients with advanced dysgerminoma.
Abstract 11853: Coronary Artery Occlusions in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome May Be Identified by Layer-Specific Strain Echocardiography
Authors: Sebastian I Sarvari, Kristina H Haugaa, Wazim Zahid, Bjorn Bendz, Svend Aakhus, Lars Aaberge, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The left ventricular (LV) wall of the heart comprises 3 myocardial layers. The endocardial layer is most susceptible to ischemic injury. We hypothesised that patients with coronary occl...
Development of macrolide resistance by ribosomal protein L4 mutation in Streptococcus pyogenes during miocamycin treatment of an eight-year-old Greek child with tonsillopharyngitis
Authors: B. Bozdogan, P.C. Appelbaum, L. Ednie, I.N. Grivea, G.A. Syrogiannopoulos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)
Inotuzumab ozogamycin (I0), a CD22 monoclonal antibody conjugated to calecheamicin, given weekly, for refractory-relapse acute lymphocytic leukemia (R-R ALL).
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Susan Mary O'Brien, Deborah A. Thomas, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, Partow Kebriaei, Michael E. Rytting, Sergernne York, Farhad Ravandi, Monica Kwari, Stefan Faderl, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge E. Cortes, Luis Fayad, Robert Tarnai, Sa Wang, Richard E. Champlin, Anjali S. Advani, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6501 Background: Patients (pts) with R-R ALL have a poor prognosis. CD22 is highly expressed in ALL. We have previously reported on 49 pts with R-R ALL treated with IO at the dose of 1.8 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks; the overall response rate was 57%. From preclinical studies, lower dose more frequent exposure schedules to IO may offer better anti-ALL activity. Methods: Pts with R-R ALL received IO 0.8 mg/m2 on Day 1, 0.5 mg/m2 on Day 8, and 0.5 mg/m2 on Day 15. The total dose per course remained the same 1.8 mg/m2. Courses were given every 3-4 weeks. Early stopping rules were implemented for an overall response rate &lt; 40%. Results: 20 pts were treated so far. Median age was 57 yrs (range 22–84). Cytogenetics were: Ph+ in 7 (35%), t(4:11) in 2 (10%) , diploid in 3 (15%), and other in 8 (40%). CD22 was expressed in &gt; 50% blasts in all pts and in &gt; 90% in 14 (70%). Median number of courses so far was 2 (1–4). 9 (45%) pts received IO as salvage 1 (S1), 5 (25%) as salvage 2 (S2), 6 (30%) as salvage 3 (S3). one pt had allo SCT before IO. Median follow-up is 22 weeks (range, 7-43). Overall, 2/20 pts (10%) achieved CR, 6 had CRp (30%), 2 had marrow CR (10%), 8 were resistant, 2 died within 4 wks. Overall, CR+CRp+mCR (OR) was 50%: S1 6/9 (67%); S2 2/5 (40%); S3 2/6 (33%). Of the 10 responders, 7 pts (70%) became MRD negative. There were no clear correlations between OR and pts/ALL characteristics or with CD22 expression vs. &lt; 90%. In 16 pts with evaluable pharmacokinetics studies, the median end of the infusion levels of IO were 117 ng/ml and 77 ng/ml in responders and non-responders, respectively. Median survival was 7+ months. Median OR duration was 5+ months. Median survival in 10 responders has not been reached. Liver function abnormalities (LFA) were noted as IO related in 7 (35%) pts, severe and reversible in 2 (10%). 4 pts were able to proceed to allo SCT (1 in CR, 3 in CRp) after a median of 4 weeks from the last infusion of IO; No cases of veno-occlusive disease were observed. Conclusions: IO given weekly is active in R-R ALL with an OR of 50%. LFAs occur and are reversible. This study of IO weekly schedule is ongoing. IO and chemotherapy combinations are being pursued.
Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Barbara Sottero, Simona Gargiulo, Isabella Russo, Cristina Barale, Giuseppe Poli, Franco Cavalot
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2015)

Abstract Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in‐depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox‐related rationale.
Validation of spirometer calibration syringes
Authors: Flemming Madsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The calibration syringe is probably the most important instrument in pulmonary function laboratories, yet no validation results have been published.  Methods: We weighed a 3 L calibration syringe before and after emptying it of water and determined the corresponding volume of gas by using a modified rolling seal spirometer.  Results: The volume of a spirometer calibration syringe could be verified with an accuracy of ± 15 mL. All syringes larger than one litre had volumes within the label claimed volume ± 0.5 %.  Conclusion: Spirometer calibration syringes have a stable stroke volumes. The maximal interval between syringe validations should perhaps be extended beyond the 1-year period required by current standards. Use of two syringes would allow one syringe exceeding the maximal permissible error to be detected earlier.
Some Aspects of the Morphology of the Bittner Virus<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: John K. Clarke, Joseph T. Attridge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The structure of the Bittner virus was investigated by use of negatively stained, fixed and unfixed material. Fixation promoted penetration of particles and allowed the two morphological forms of the internal component to be seen. A regular reticulum associated with the virus envelope is described and, on the basis of measurements, it is postulated that the virus projections are attached to this reticulum. This implies that the surface projections of the virus are arranged nonrandomly.
Outcome of lung cancer alerts in chest X-rays
Authors: Rahuldeb Sarkar, Masooma Jafary, Jahnavi Samanuru, Niall O'Reilly, Ana de Ramόn Casado
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Appropriately communicated alert messages on suspicious chest x-rays (CXR) is an important cornerstone in diagnosing lung cancer early. It is a standard practice in our hospital for a suspicious CXR to be faxed to the requesting clinician and lung cancer nurse. Strengthening the safety net this way minimises the chance of the report being slipped through system.   Objective:  We assessed the outcome of CXR alerts in our institution to evaluate the effectiveness of the aforesaid system.   Method:  Retrospective analysis of the outcome of CXR alerts from 2008-10 using the hospital radiology, laboratory systems and clinic letters.   Results:  Out of 387 alerts analysed [mean age (sd) 70 (13) years], 239 (62%)resulted in rapid access lung clinic referrals. Radiological follow up (f/u) occurred in 90% (348) of which 163 (47%) were diagnosed to have cancer. CXR f/u was done in 93 (%) (after a median period of 3 weeks; inter-quartile range 1-5wks) and 298 (77%) had CT scan (after a median gap of 3 wks; IQR 2-4wks). In 17 (4%), no identifiable reason could be found for no radiological f/u. 5/17 patients (1.3% of all) were eventually found to have malignancy.  We also measured the outcomes of different abnormality patterns in the initial CXR   Conclusion:  Nearly half the alerts resulted in cancer diagnosis.By distirbuting alert messages on suspicious CXR, radiology departments can expedite early diagnosis of lung ca. We also found out that pleural effusion, opacity/consolidation, hilar mass findings in the CXR had similar potential for eventually turning out to be malignant in the study population.