tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphological predictors of acute complications after percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty. Results of a comprehensive angiographic analysis: importance of the eccentricity index.
Authors: Z M Ghazzal, J A Hearn, F Litvack, T Goldenberg, K M Kent, N Eigler, J S Douglas, S B King
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) is a new technique for recanalization of arteries obstructed by coronary atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to assess the complication rate and determine the influence of clinical and angiographic characteristics on complications after ELCA.A detailed, quantitative, angiographic core laboratory analysis of patients undergoing ELCA was performed by two experienced angiographers who were not the primary laser angioplasty operators. Two hundred patients underwent 203 separate procedures on 220 lesions at three medical centers. Laser success was achieved in 180 lesions (81.8%) and procedural success in 199 (90.5%). Emergency coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was required in five patients (2.5%). One patient suffered a Q wave myocardial infarction; there were no deaths. Also, acute closure and perforation occurred in 10 (4.5%) and three (1.4%) vessels, respectively. Coronary dissections after laser treatment were seen in 36 vessels (16.4%). Multivariate analysis found two independent preprocedural factors related to complications: eccentricity index, which is the percent deviation of the lesion lumen from the center of the artery (p = 0.0007), and proximal vessel diameter (p = 0.033). In addition, an abrupt proximal face of the lesion was associated with angiographic complications by univariate analysis (p = 0.051). Multivariate analysis showed the eccentricity index (p = 0.032) to be the only independent predictor for the occurrence of any one or more of the important complications (emergency CABG, perforation, acute closure, or Q wave myocardial infarction), whereas lesion angle greater than 45 degrees was a significant univariate predictor (p = 0.029). Other predictors of complications with balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, such as increased lesion length, rough edges, calcification, ulceration, and branch point, were not predictive of complications with the excimer laser.The degree of lesion eccentricity is the most powerful predictor of complications after ELCA. This and other morphological predictors may be of benefit in the selection of patients for ELCA as well as directing future development of this new technology.
Morbidity from liposuction under general anaesthesia – ‘the elephant in the room’
Authors: Richard Motley, Lawrence M. Field
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Harnett and colleagues'1 report of splenic perforation from liposuction trauma and subsequent discussion of other reported complications from the procedure completely fails to adequately highlight the significantly increased risk associated with undertaking liposuction under general anaesthesia. (JRSM 2008;101:201–203).

The safety of ‘wet’ tumescent local anaesthesia for liposuction has been repeatedly demonstrated over two decades,2 whereas significant complications and fatalities are repeatedly reported in patients who have liposuction under general anaesthesia. With liposuction, ‘general anaesthesia and IV sedation carry an additional and very significant risk – a concept long denied in the anaesthesia literature but now becoming clearly acknowledged’.3 Surgeons have perforated virtually every intra-abdominal organ, along with the diaphragm and lung.

Dermatologists have been active in liposuction surgery since 1977,4,5 and have pioneered dilute local anaesthetic techniques which have revolutionized the safety of the procedure.6 Performed ‘our way’ and within our specialty's established limits, there have been no deaths anywhere in the world to date. By contrast, procedures performed by surgeons with general anaesthesia (along with IV sedation) have been repeatedly documented to cause fatalities and emergency hospitalizations, as documented in a 7-year Florida study.7

It is vital that patients (and physicians) contemplating liposuction under general anaesthesia be made aware of these increased risks.
Treatment of Mouse Lymphosarcoma by Total-Body X Irradiation and by Injection of Bone Marrow and Lymph-Node Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M.J. de Vries, O. Vos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

The lymphosarcoma could not be eliminated by total-body X irradiation with a supralethal dose. This is in accordance with the experience of other workers who treated transplantable tumors in animals by total-body irradiation. Injection of homologous or heterologous lymph-node cells in addition to bone marrow resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. However, the animals ultimately died either of lymphosarcoma or foreign bone-marrow reaction. It has been shown that antibodies produced by homologous or heterologous lymph-node cells probably play a major part in the inhibition of tumor growth. On the other hand, the debilitating effect of the foreign bone-marrow reaction cannot be excluded with certainty as a factor in the inhibition of tumor growth. The best results with respect to the survival of the animals were obtained after the injection of large numbers of isologous lymph-node cells. In the latter case, the inhibition of lymphosarcoma growth probably is a consequence of competitive proliferation of normal and irradiated neoplastic lymphoid cells in the irradiated host. In these experiments competitive proliferation could not be demonstrated after injection of large numbers of homologous lymph-node cells since this procedure is acutely lethal to mice.
Wipe test for the detection of indoor allergens
Authors: R. Polzius, T. Wuske, J. Mahn
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: The determination of house dust mite and cat allergens is a prerequisite for qualified assessment of exposure risk indoors. We describe the validation of integrated wipe tests comprising a porous sampling pin for the collection of settled house dust and an immunochemical test set‐up for specific analysis of dust associated allergens. Methods: Wipe tests comprised an immunochromatographic test system and a porous sampling pin for collecting dust by manually wiping a surface. Two different wipe tests were developed with specificity to cat allergen (Fel d 1) and to dust mite allergen (Der p 2/f 2). One‐hundred and fifty on‐site determinations for each of the allergens in 50 different households completed the field study to validate the analytical system. Reference analysis was based on collection of dust with a vacuum cleaner and analysis of dust associated allergens by ELISA. Results: The wipe tests were found to produce semiquantitative results (class 0–3) on‐site within 10 min of analysis time. For dust mite (cat) allergen the median of class 0–3 was 119 (263), 812 (844), 2708 (5670) and 8000 (56 800) ng/g dust, respectively. With respect to cut‐off levels for dust mite (cat) allergens the clinical sensitivity was 62% (79%) and the clinical specificity was 94% (92%). Conclusions: The wipe tests proved to be a reliable tool for indoor allergen exposure screening, suitable for use even by untrained persons. This may have an impact on compliance with allergen avoidance measures.
False-Positive Infectious Mononucleosis Spot Test in Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Leonard Sadoff
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Two patients with pancreatic carcinoma were found to have positive differential spot tests for mononucleosis (Monospot tests) early in the course of their disease. The Monospot test is considered highly specific for infectious mononucleosis with false-positive reactions reported only in acute leukemia, lymphoma, and infectious hepatitis. Liver biopsies in both patients showed no hepatic cell injury or mononuclear infiltrate, thus excluding the possibility of coexisting infectious hepatitis.
Mechanism of Ca2+ Disruption in Alzheimer's Disease by Presenilin Regulation of InsP3 Receptor Channel Gating
Authors: King-Ho Cheung, Diana Shineman, Marioly Müller, César Cárdenas, Lijuan Mei, Jun Yang, Taisuke Tomita, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Virginia M.-Y. Lee, J. Kevin Foskett
Journal: Neuron (2008)
717. VCP Short Hairpin RNA Rescues ΔF508- CFTR and Suppresses IL8 Levels: Therapeutic Implications in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Neeraj Vij, Shengyun Fang, Pamela L. Zeitlin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is the major quality control pathway of the cell. The most common disease-causing protein folding mutation, ΔF508-CFTR, is destroyed by ERAD to cause cystic fibrosis (CF). Valosin containing protein (VCP) is an AAA ATPase that participates in retrograde translocation of misfolded proteins from the ER and degradation of polyubiquitinated protein by the proteasomes. We hypothesize that selective inhibition of VCP not only rescues ΔF508-CFTR but also suppresses IL8 cytokine levels, the major inflammatory cytokine in CF airways. Methods: The VCP shRNA was PCR amplified from oligo/template containing the VCP hairpin using universal primers which contain XhoI (5′ prime) and EcoRI (3′ prime) flank. The PCR fragment was then cloned into the hairpin cloning site of pSHAG-MAGIC2/pSM2 vector (Open Biosystems). IB3-1 (ΔF508/W1282X) bronchial epithelial cells were transiently transfected with VCP and gp78 shRNA/siRNA constructs for selective inhibition of ERAD. CFTR levels and chloride efflux were measured by metabolic labeling and MQAE fluorescence assay, respectively. Proteasome inhibition in IB3-1 cells was carried out using PS-341 (Bortezomib/Velcade) for 6hrs. The IL8 cytokine levels were measured in IL1-β induced IB3-1 cells after ERAD or proteasome inhibition. Findings: We show here that p97/VCP and gp78 form complexes with CFTR during translocation from the ER for degradation by the cytosolic proteasome. Interference in the VCP/CFTR complex promotes accumulation of immature CFTR in the ER and partial rescue of functional chloride channels to the cell surface. Moreover, under these conditions, the cytokine whose expression is regulated by the proteasome, IL8, is reduced. Inhibition of the proteasome with bortezomib (PS-341/Velcade) also rescues CFTR and suppresses IL8 levels, but with less efficiency. Interpretation: We propose that selective inhibition of ERAD by VCP short hairpin RNA is superior to gp78 siRNA or proteasome inhibition in the correction of the ΔF508 CFTR trafficking defect.
Uncatalyzed synthesis, thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and 1,4-butane diisocyanate with uniform hard segment
Authors: Ralf G.J.C. Heijkants, Ralph V. van Calck, Tony G. van Tienen, Jacqueline H. de Groot, Pieter Buma, Albert J. Pennings, Reen P.H. Veth, Arend Jan Schouten
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Congenital Deformities of Legs
Authors: R. Broomhead
Journal: BMJ (1938)

THE BRDi 1 1311 nothing abnormal.A diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made.Operation (by Mr. Hirschfeld, under general anaesthesia).-Anintussusception was present.The apex of the intussusception was in the transverse colon, and on reduction it was found to be the ileo-caecal valve.No tumour or other cause was discovered.The appendix was removed.Convalescence was satisfactory.The pathological report stated that there was venous engorgement of the appendix.One mnonth after operation the patient was well, having had no more attacks of pain since.He has answered subsequent inquiries, and wrote in March, 1938, that he had been very well.Summary The rarity of cases of acute intussusception in the adult, and the aetiology of the condition, are discussed.The history of three recent cases is given.In two of these the causative factor was a neoplasm.I am indebted to Mr. H. S. Souttar and Mr.
UK surgical team reports encouraging early results of first hand transplantation
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A surgical team has reported encouraging results of the United Kingdom’s first hand transplant operation, which used a new technique to amputate the recipient’s non-functioning hand during the procedure, enabling the surgeons to accurately rebuild nerve structures to the transplanted hand.

The team at Leeds General Infirmary carried out the complex eight hour operation on 27 December 2012, after a donor limb became available. Its tissue matched one of the two patients listed to receive a hand transplant, 51 year old Mark Cahill, who was unable to use his right hand because of severe gout.

“This operation is the culmination of a great deal of planning and preparation over the last two years by …
Early embryo loss is associated with local production of nitric oxide by decidual mononuclear cells.
Authors: E K Haddad, A J Duclos, M G Baines
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

In early embryo loss, the fetus may be considered to be an allograft and, therefore, may be rejected by maternal immunocytes. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. We have previously shown the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells and mononuclear cells expressing Mac-1 (CD11b) and F4/80 in resorbing compared to nonresorbing embryos. In this study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanism of early embryo loss was studied. Pregnant CBA/J females mated with DBA/2 males (20-30% early embryo loss) and CD1 females mated with CD1 males (5-10% early embryo loss) were studied on days 8, 10, and 12 of gestation. Cells from the implantation sites of individual embryos were tested for the production of nitrite and nitrate with or without in vitro challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to determine whether decidual macrophages were primed in situ. On day 12 of gestation, when resorption was clearly visible, resorbing embryos showed more than a fivefold increase in both basal- and LPS-induced nitrite and nitrate production compared to nonresorbing embryos in both mouse strains tested, indicating that the decidual mononuclear cells were primed. Furthermore, more than 20% of CBA/J embryos showed a significant nitrate release on days 8 and 10 of gestation before any signs of embryo cytopathology. This percentage corresponded to the spontaneous resorption rate seen in CBA/J female X DBA/2 male matings. Similarly, 4% of the embryos from pregnant CD1 mice on days 8 and 12 of gestation produced a significant amount of nitrate, which again correlated with the low incidence of resorption observed in these mice. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected at implantation sites. Furthermore, decidual cells positive for both iNOS and the macrophage marker Mac-1 were demonstrated in implantation sites by double immunostaining. This strongly suggests that decidual macrophages could be the cellular source of NO production. Aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of the iNOS, inhibited the in vitro production of nitric oxide by cells isolated from individual implantation sites, and more strikingly, significantly reduced early embryo losses in CBA/J females mated by DBA/2 males when given orally or parenterally to the gravid females starting on day 6 of gestation. In addition, aminoguanidine-treated pregnant mice showed a significant increase in average litter size when the pregnancies were allowed to proceed to term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effects of Reoxygenation on Cells From Hypoxic Regions of Solid Tumors: Anticancer Drug Sensitivity and Metastatic Potential
Authors: S. D. Young, R. P. Hill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Effects of Reoxygenation on Cells From Hypoxic Regions of Solid Tumors: Anticancer Drug Sensitivity and Metastatic Potential Get access S. D. Young, S. D. Young Physics Division, Ontario Cancer InstituteToronto, ON, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. P. Hill R. P. Hill * Physics Division, Ontario Cancer InstituteToronto, ON, Canada *Correspondence to : R. P. Hill, Ph. D., Physics Division, Ontario Cancer Institute, 500 Sherbourne St., Toronto, ON, Canada M4X 1K9. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Pages 371–380, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.371 Published: 07 March 1990 Article history Received: 13 September 1989 Accepted: 16 November 1989 Published: 07 March 1990
PSYCHO-PHYSICS OF SLEEP—NATURAL AND INDUCED.
Authors: W. XAVIER SUDDUTH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In order that we may more closely follow the line of thought, to succeed let us briefly recite the phenomena of natural sleep. Sleep is preceded by a feeling of drowsiness accompanied by a general feeling of heaviness and intellectual dullness. There is also a feeling of weariness of the eyes and a tendency to drooping if not actual dropping of the eyelids. The head nods and the individual rouses and yawns and if he is in a sitting posture he seeks a position more comfortable for repose. If the person is in a reclining position, various groups of muscles may at this stage of semi-consciousness present the phenomena of spasmodic contraction; the drooping head is raised with a jerk and the contracted limbs are straightened and the whole body assumes a position of complete relaxation. The sensory organs, barring that of touch, are still active,—the sense of hearing being
Listen up: deafness and personal audio players
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2010)

You’ve got to admire their skill. Every day they literally put their tiny bodies on the line, defying the murderous monsters that are never far away.

The mice that live in the London Underground railway are a nerveless bunch. Witness how they sometimes leave it to the last possible seconds before scuttling to safety from unforgiving tonnes of rolling stock. This display is particularly impressive, because it’s questionable just how well they can hear the oncoming danger, given their lifetime exposure to noise from the carriages. Perhaps they …
The Electrocardiogram in Esophageal Impaction
Authors: Steven Swiryn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In this issue of JAMA , Yackee et al 1 describe a patient with a chunk of steak impacted in the esophagus. As is so often the case in medicine, the diagnosis was correctly made by taking a careful history, so neither the cause nor the solution of this patient's immediate problem was particularly noteworthy. Our interest in this case rests in the patient's electrocardiogram, which was abnormal on presentation and reverted to normal on relief of the impaction. This raised three questions. Was the electrocardiogram suggestive of ischemia? Did the patient have myocardial ischemia in addition to esophageal impaction? If not, how did disease in the esophagus cause electrocardiographic abnormalities?  As with many diagnostic tests, electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease is based upon probability. For example, the finding of Q waves of a certain duration and amplitude in a specific lead in a defined population has a certain sensitivity
The relationship between lead in plasma and whole blood in women.
Authors: Donald Smith, Mauricio Hernandez-Avila, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Adriana Mercado, Howard Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Studies have suggested that plasma lead levels may better reflect the toxicologically labile fraction of circulatory Pb that is more freely available for exchange with target tissues than do Pb levels in whole blood. Studies have also reported an apparent severalfold variation in the relative partitioning of Pb between whole blood and plasma (or serum) for a given whole-blood Pb level. This may reflect inherent differences in the plasma Pb/whole blood Pb partitioning among individuals and/or methodologic challenges associated with the collection and analyses of samples that generally contain < 1-2 ng total Pb. Here, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the relationship between Pb in whole blood and plasma in environmentally exposed reproductive-age women (n = 63) living in Mexico City, Mexico. We collected whole blood and plasma samples using trace metal clean techniques and analyzed them for Pb using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A subset of subjects provided repeated blood samples weekly for 4 consecutive weeks (n = 17 subjects) or every 1-2 months over a 9-month period (n = 14 subjects). Plasma Pb concentration was significantly positively associated with whole-blood Pb in a curvilinear fashion over the range of blood Pb values observed here (2.13-39.7 microg/dL). This relationship was best described by the function Plasma Pb = e (-2.392 + 0.0898 x blood Pb), where SE(coefficient) = 0.0054, SE(constant) = 0.063 (n = 63 subjects, n = 141 observations). Results from the short- and long-term repeated collection subjects indicated that the within- and between-subject variance components were not significantly different between the two subsets of subjects. The between-subjects component accounts for 78% of the variance in plasma Pb levels, while the residual variance (22%) may be attributed to other unmeasured factors. Collectively, this study demonstrates that plasma Pb measurements may be applied to general clinical settings, provided that established trace metal clean techniques are adopted. This study also shows that the relative (%) partitioning of whole-blood Pb in plasma naturally varies by a factor of about 2-4-fold among subjects at a given blood Pb level. Because Pb in the plasma is considered to more closely represent the fraction of Pb in the circulation that is readily exchanged with peripheral target tissues (e.g., brain, kidney, skeleton), the routine assessment of plasma Pb may provide a more meaningful measure of toxicologically available Pb.
Increased Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Carriers of the Hemochromatosis Gene Cys282Tyr Mutation
Authors: Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Kimmo Kontula, Kristiina Nyyssönen, Timo A. Lakka, Tiina Heliö, Jukka T. Salonen
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Homozygosity for a relatively common Cys282Tyr mutation of the human hemochromatosis-associated ( HFE ) gene was recently found to account for most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis. Because excess iron has been postulated to enhance risk of vascular disease, we studied whether occurrence of this mutation was associated with increased risk of first acute myocardial infarction in healthy middle-aged men in a prospective cohort study. Methods and Results —Study subjects were the 1150 participants in the population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD), aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years at baseline, who had no coronary heart disease at baseline and for whom a DNA sample was available. Information about myocardial infarctions was collected prospectively by use of FINMONICA (FINnish MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease study) and hospital data. Events were classified by MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease study) diagnostic criteria. The HFE Cys282Tyr mutation was assayed by a solid-phase minisequencing technique. One subject was homozygous and 76 individuals were heterozygous for the HFE Cys282Tyr mutation (6.7%). During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 8 (10.4%) of 77 carriers and 60 (5.6%) of 1073 noncarriers experienced an acute myocardial infarction. In a Cox proportional hazards model allowing for the other strongest risk factors, the carriers had a 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.1 to 4.8; P =0.03) risk of acute myocardial infarction compared with noncarriers. Conclusions —Male carriers of the common hemochromatosis gene mutation are at 2-fold risk for first acute myocardial infarction compared with noncarriers.