tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A potential role for endothelial adhesion molecules and cytokines in chemotherapy-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: James Williamson, Laura Sadofsky, John Greenman, Simon Hart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a side-effect of BLM therapy, is associated with pulmonary immune cell infiltration, which may contribute to fibrogenesis. Previous work suggests BLM may induce endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule and cytokine expression which may recruit leukocytes. However, the full profile of adhesion molecules and cytokines expressed by ECs treated with physiological BLM concentrations is uncertain; this work aims to characterise this profile.  Adhesion molecule and cytokine expression by BLM-treated HUVECs was assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA, and confirmed by qPCR. Whether physiological TNF-α concentrations “primed” HUVECs and increased adhesion molecule expression was also assessed. HUVECs were also treated with etoposide, doxorubicin, and carboplatin, to determine whether observed effects were unique to BLM.  HUVECs treated with BLM were seen to express higher levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, IL-8, and MCP-1. qPCR results confirmed that expression was regulated at a transcriptional level, suggesting BLM is not a cytokine secretagogue. However, co-treatment with TNF-α and BLM did not impact adhesion molecule expression. Further, only etoposide increased E-selectin, ICAM-1, and IL-8 expression, suggesting BLM is not unique in inducing an inflammatory phenotype in HUVECs.  These results suggest the effects of BLM on ECs may induce pulmonary immune cell recruitment, as may the effects of etoposide, which has also been associated with lung fibrosis. Future work will assess the functional relevance of this expression and whether pulmonary microvascular ECs respond to BLM in a similar fashion.
Long-term Efficacy of Topical Fluorouracil Cream, 5%, for Treating Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Hyemin Pomerantz, Daniel Hogan, David Eilers, Susan M. Swetter, Suephy C. Chen, Sharon E. Jacob, Erin M. Warshaw, George Stricklin, Robert P. Dellavalle, Navjeet Sidhu-Malik, Nellie Konnikov, Victoria P. Werth, Jonette Keri, Robert Lew, Martin A. Weinstock
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Topical fluorouracil was demonstrated to be effective in reducing the number of actinic keratoses (AKs) for up to 6 months, but no randomized trials studied its long-term efficacy. To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a single course of fluorouracil cream, 5%, for AK treatment. The Veterans Affairs Keratinocyte Carcinoma Chemoprevention (VAKCC) trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with patients from dermatology clinics at 12 VA medical centers recruited from 2009 to 2011 and followed up until 2013. Our study population comprised 932 veterans with 2 or more keratinocyte carcinomas in the 5 years prior to enrollment. The mean follow-up duration was 2.6 years in both treatment and control groups. Participants applied either topical fluorouracil cream, 5% (n = 468), or vehicle control cream (n = 464) to the face and ears twice daily for up to 4 weeks. This study reports on AK counts and treatments, which were secondary outcomes of the VAKCC trial. Actinic keratoses on the face and ears were counted by study dermatologists at enrollment and at study visits every 6 months. The number of spot treatments for AKs on the face and ears at semiannual study visits and in between study visits was recorded. The number of AKs on the face and ears per participant was not different between the fluorouracil and control groups at randomization (11.1 vs 10.6, P > .10). After randomization, the fluorouracil group had fewer AKs compared with the control group at 6 months (3.0 vs 8.1, P < .001) and for the overall study duration (P < .001). The fluorouracil group also had higher complete AK clearance rates (38% vs 17% at 6 months) and fewer spot treatments at 6-month intervals, at study visits, and in between study visits during the trial (P < .01 for all). The fluorouracil group took longer to require the first spot AK treatment (6.2 months) compared with the control group (6.0 months) (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79). The number of hypertrophic AKs was not different between the 2 groups overall (P = .60), although there were fewer hypertrophic AKs in the fluorouracil group at 6 months (0.23 vs 0.41) (P = .05). Our results indicate that a single course of fluorouracil cream, 5%, effectively reduces AK counts and the need for spot treatments for longer than 2 years. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00847912.
Drug maker must restart obesity drug study after releasing early data
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A major US study of a newly approved antiobesity drug that was designed to measure adverse cardiovascular effects has been stopped by its steering committee after the manufacturer revealed first quarter data in a patent application.

After the release by the manufacturers, Steven Nissen of the Cleveland Clinic, lead investigator in the Light trial, which compared the antiobesity drug Contrave (a combination of naltrexone and bupropion) with placebo in over 8900 overweight subjects, then released data from the trial’s halfway mark against the wishes of Contrave’s manufacturer, Orexigen Therapeutics. The more complete data seemed to squash hopes of a surprise cardiovascular safety benefit suggested by the first quarter data.

“Patients were misled, investors were misled,” Nissen told Forbes, adding that Orexigen had breached the data access …
Prevalence of MRSA nasal carrier rate in hematology patients of Benghazi Medical Center using PCR-based method; first study in Libya
Authors: Khalid A. Gaber, Wail A. Eldukali, Fathi S. Al-Jehani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: 

Carriers of multi drug resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may spread or develop infections if not discovered and properly treated. Knowing MRSA carrier status would be useful especially for hematology patients on chemotherapy.

Aim and objective 

The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of nasal MRSA carrier rates in hematology patients of Benghazi Medical Center (BMC).

Method: 

Hematology patients admitted to hospital or under regular follow up in clinic were included and consent obtained. Nasal swabs (APTACA) were taken in standard way. Samples were analyzed for the presence of MRSA by using PCR based system (Gene expert machine-GXMRSA-120). The following data were collected; age, gender, weight, height, underlying hematological diagnosis, history of chemotherapy, hospital admission or MRSA swab in the previous 6 months and long term intravascular device insertion.

Results: 

107 patients were screened. 49 (45.7%) were males. Mean age was 48 years and body mass index was 25 kg/m². 5 out of 107 patients tested positive for nasal MRSA. 4 out of 5 had lymph proliferative disorders and all received chemotherapy. The rest of results are outlined in table.

View this table:



Conclusion: 

4.5% of patients screened in hematology department of BMC were nasal carriers for MRSA. This is the first study in Libya using PCR based method.
Bipolar disorder is often missed in people who misuse alcohol or drugs
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

People with a prior diagnosis of alcohol or substance misuse disorder often experience substantial delays in receiving a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, a new study shows.

The research, published in the open access journal PLoS One ,1 showed that the average time from presenting to mental healthcare services to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was two months. However, among people with …
Her Eyes Are Gone
Authors: R. G. Cantalupo
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accuracy of computerized tomography in determining hepatic tumor size in patients receiving liver transplantation or resection.
Authors: R Mittal, C Kowal, T Starzl, D Van Thiel, K Bron, S Iwatsuki, R Schade, W Straub, A Dekker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Computerized tomography (CT) of liver is used in oncologic practice for staging tumors, evaluating response to treatment, and screening patients for hepatic resection. Because of the impact of CT liver scan on major treatment decisions, it is important to assess its accuracy. Patients undergoing liver transplantation or resection provide a unique opportunity to test the accuracy of hepatic-imaging techniques by comparison of findings of preoperative CT scan with those at gross pathologic examination of resected specimens. Forty-one patients who had partial hepatic resection (34 patients) or liver transplantation (eight patients) for malignant (30 patients) or benign (11 patients) tumors were evaluable. Eight (47%) of 17 patients with primary malignant liver tumors, four (31%) of 13 patients with metastatic liver tumors, and two (20%) of 10 patients with benign liver tumors had tumor nodules in resected specimens that were not apparent on preoperative CT studies. These nodules varied in size from 0.1 to 1.6 cm. While 11 of 14 of these nodules were less than 1.0 cm, three of 14 were greater than 1.0 cm. These results suggest that conventional CT alone may be insufficient to accurately determine the presence or absence of liver metastases, extent of liver involvement, or response of hepatic metastases to treatment.
Retracting, Replacing, and Correcting the Literature for Pervasive Error in Which the Results Change but the Underlying Science Is Still Reliable
Authors: Stephan Heckers, Howard Bauchner, Annette Flanagin
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Antonio C. Lopes, MD, PhD; Benjamin D. Greenberg, MD, PhD; Miguel M. Canteras, MD; Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, PsyD; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD; André F. Gentil, MD; Carlos A. B. Pereira, PhD; Marinês A. Joaquim, RN; Maria E. de Mathis, PsyD; Carina C. D'Alcante, PsyD, MSc; Anita Taub, PsyD, MSc; Douglas G. de Castro, MD; Lucas Tokeshi, MD; Leonardo A. N. P. C. Sampaio, MD; Cláudia C. Leite, MD, PhD; Roseli G. Shavitt, MD, PhD; Juliana B. Diniz, MD, PhD; Geraldo Busatto, MD, PhD; Georg Norén, MD, PhD; Steven A. Rasmussen, MD, PhD; Eurípedes C. Miguel, MD, PhD
Exercise testing in the pre-flight evaluation of patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Elisabeth Edvardsen, Aina Akerø, Jorunn Homme, Ole Henning Skjønsberg, Bjørn Skrede
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Due to hypobaric hypoxia, air travel may imply a health hazard for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Studies of other lung patients have suggested that exercise testing might help predicting in-flight hypoxemia. The aim of the present study was to identify pre-flight factors that might predict severe hypoxemia during air travel in adult CF-patients.   Methods:  30 CF-patients (20 male), age 34±12 yrs, FEV 1  59±25% pred (mean ± SD) participated in the study. Lung function tests, pulse oximetry (SpO 2 sea level ), arterial blood gas (PaO 2 sea level ), and a Hypoxia Altitude Simulation Test (HAST) breathing 15.1% oxygen were performed. In addition, 14 of the patients exercised until exhaustion on a treadmill measuring PaO 2  exercise , SpO 2 exercise , maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) and assessment of ventilation-perfusion mismatch defined as high V E /VCO 2  at anaerobic threshold.   Results:  Five patient fulfilled criteria for supplemental oxygen during air travel based on BTS recommendations (PaO 2   1   1   2 HAST  and the following pre-flight variables were: SpO 2 sea level : r=0.225 (p=0.231), SaO 2 sea level : r=0.515 (p=0.006), FEV 1,  r =0.544 (p=0.002), PaO 2 sea level : 0.582 (p=0.001). The correlation between PaO 2  HAST  and exercise variables was: VO 2max : r= 0.638 (p=0.014), V E /VCO 2 : r=/0.76 (p=0.002), SpO 2  exercise : r=0.817 (p>0.0001) and PaO 2 exercise : r = 0.825 (p=0.001).   Conclusions:  Exercise testing with measurement of oxygen desaturation and VE/VCO 2  may be useful tools in predicting the need for supplemental oxygen during air travel if HAST is not available.
Diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma: a heterogeneous disease with distinct immunobiologic subsets.
Authors: C P Leith, C M Spier, T M Grogan, G Gonzales, C S Rangel, J A Rybski, M Matzner, T P Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE AND METHODS Diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma (DSCL) is a relatively uncommon non-hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the United States and has not been the subject of recent in-depth study of factors predictive of outcome. It is unique among the NHL of intermediate grade because there is no evidence of a curable subset of patients. To investigate whether any laboratory data might predict outcome, we studied 33 cases collected during a 12-year period and correlated morphology, immunohistochemistry, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with clinical data and outcome. RESULTS We found that proliferative rate (Ki-67), cell lineage (T v B cell), and serum LDH were associated with significant differences in survival. A Ki-67 value greater than or equal to 20% was associated with a median survival of 20 months compared with 80 months for lower values (P = .0002); patients with tumors of T-cell lineage had a median survival of 20 months compared with 40 months for those with B-cell neoplasms (P = .0143); and a serum LDH greater than 225 IU/L was associated with a median survival of 8 months compared with 40 months for lower LDH levels (P = .0004). Blastoid morphology was also linked to a trend toward poor outcome (P = .08). Neither a history of low-grade lymphoma nor the presence of residual immunologically detectable follicles influenced outcome (P = .93 and .97, respectively). CONCLUSION We conclude that high Ki-67, high LDH, and T-cell lineage each identify DSCL patients with poor outcome.
Experimental Metastasis: A Novel Application of the Variance-to-Mean Power Function&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W S Kendal, P Frost
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

An empiric power function relationship between a population's mean density (m) and its corresponding variance (v), written v = a.mb (a, b, constants), may be applied to the analysis of experimentally induced pulmonary metastases within syngeneic (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice. The mean and variance of the numbers of resultant B16 F1 and B16 F10 melanoma metastases strongly correlated with the power function (r2 greater than 0.8). The exponent b was 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.6 +/- 0.2 for the F1 and F10 melanomas, respectively, indicating a clustering of metastases within certain mice. This clustering of metastases within more highly affected animals may reflect a diffusion-limited aggregation of tumor cells within the circulation and the resultant greater ability of these aggregates to form metastases.
Obstructive Fibrinous Tracheal Pseudomembrane
Authors: GAETAN DESLÉE, ANNE BRICHET, GILLES LEBUFFE, MARIE CHRISTINE COPIN, PHILIPPE RAMON, CHARLES HUGO MARQUETTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A series of 10 consecutive cases presenting an obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) as a complication of endo-tracheal intubation is presented. The patients developed a thick tubular, rubber-like, whitish pseudomembrane moulding the tracheal wall as a result of short-duration endotracheal intubation. This pseudomembrane firmly adhered to the tracheal wall at the site of the endotracheal cuff. Shortly after extubation, partial detachment of the proximal part of the pseudomembrane produced intermittent positional acute respiratory failure due to valve-manner tracheal obstruction. Immediate mechanical ablation was curative in nine patients, without secondary development of tracheal stenosis. One patient died from acute asphyxiation. The history and the pathological findings of these cases support the hypothesis that this lesion represents an early stage of ischemic tracheal wall injury related to the cuff pressure. Pulmonary physicians should be alerted on this poorly known complication of endotracheal intubation.
Report details abuse of mentally ill inmates in US prisons
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Reactive gliosis is a prominent feature of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease in the CNS, yet the stimuli that drive this response are not known. There is growing appreciation that signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which is key to generating innate responses to infection, may have pathogen-independent roles. We show that TLR2 was selectively upregulated by microglia in the denervated zones of the hippocampus in response to stereotactic transection of axons in the entorhinal cortex. In mice lacking TLR2, there were transient, selective reductions in lesion-induced expression of cytokines and chemokines. Recruitment of T cells, but not macrophages, was delayed in TLR2-deficient mice, as well as in mice lacking TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1). TLR2 deficiency also affected microglial proliferative expansion, whereas all of these events were unaffected in TLR4-mutant mice. Consistent with the fact that responses in knock-out mice had all returned to wild-type levels by 8 d, there was no evidence for effects on neuronal plasticity at 20 d. These results identify a role for TLR2 signaling in the early glial response to brain injury, acting as an innate bridge to neuroinflammation.
Correlation between patients' background and the therapeutic effect of BLVR using EMV (endobronchial Miyazawa valve)
Authors: Hideki Miyazawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical indications and assess the mechanisms of clinical improvement of BLVR using EMV retrospectively.   Methods:  A study of 29 patients was conducted. Several independent variables were used to evaluate patients’ background: heterogeneity (heterogeneous vs. homogeneous), target area (placement into the lobar bronchus vs. the segmental bronchus), and fissure integrity (complete vs. incomplete). The dependent variables used consisted of four therapeutic effects: change in lung volume, %FEV1, 6MWT, and updated BODE index. The multiple regression analysis was performed to calculate the standardized partial regression coefficients (SPRC).   Results:  The multiple regression analysis for change in lung volume yielded SPRCs of 0.400 (p=0.026) for heterogeneity (heterogeneous > homogeneous) and 0.324 (p=0.067) for fissure integrity (complete > incomplete). There was no significant correlation in SPRCs for %FEV1 and 6MWT. SPRC between the heterogeneity (heterogeneous > homogeneous) and the updated BODE index was 0.380 (p=0.036). In the heterogeneous emphysema group, the updated BODE index improved 4.5 points in the lobar group and 2.78 points in the segmental group (p=0.04).   Conclusions:  This study suggests that it is desirable to select a patient with heterogeneous emphysema and to place EMV(s) into the lobar bronchus. Furthermore, it has been shown that there is no correlation between lung volume reduction, the therapeutic effect and some patients of the segmental placing group become well. This is most likely due to the redirect of airflow reflected by the therapeutic effect rather than lung volume reduction.
Out-of-Sequence Signal 3 Paralyzes Primary CD4+ T-Cell-Dependent Immunity
Authors: Gail D. Sckisel, Myriam N. Bouchlaka, Arta M. Monjazeb, Marka Crittenden, Brendan D. Curti, Danice E.C. Wilkins, Kory A. Alderson, Can M. Sungur, Erik Ames, Annie Mirsoian, Abhinav Reddy, Warren Alexander, Athena Soulika, Bruce R. Blazar, Dan L. Longo, Robert H. Wiltrout, William J. Murphy
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Determining Chemotherapy Tolerance in Older Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jerome Kim, Arti Hurria
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Older adults with cancer constitute a heterogeneous group of patients who pose unique challenges for oncology care. One major concern is how to identify patients who are at a higher risk for chemotherapy intolerance, because a standard oncology workup may not always be able to distinguish an older individual’s level of risk for treatment-related complications. Geriatric oncologists incorporate tools used in the field of geriatrics, and have developed the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to enhance the standard oncology workup. This assessment pinpoints problems with daily activities, comorbidities, medications, nutritional status, cognitive function, psychological state, and social support systems, all of which are risk factors for treatment vulnerability in older adults with cancer. Additional tools that also serve to predict chemotherapy toxicity in older patients with cancer are now available to identify patients at higher risk for morbidity and mortality. Together, these instruments complement the standard oncology workup by providing a global assessment, thereby guiding therapeutic interventions that may improve a patient’s quality of life and clinical outcomes.
Probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: G. Zuccotti, F. Meneghin, A. Aceti, G. Barone, M. L. Callegari, A. Di Mauro, M. P. Fantini, D. Gori, F. Indrio, L. Maggio, L. Morelli, L. Corvaglia
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Growing evidence underlines the pivotal role of infant gut colonization in the development of the immune system. The possibility to modify gut colonization through probiotic supplementation in childhood might prevent atopic diseases. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and early infancy in preventing atopic diseases. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of probiotics during pregnancy or early infancy for prevention of allergic diseases. Fixed-effect models were used, and random-effects models where significant heterogeneity was present. Results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Seventeen studies, reporting data from 4755 children (2381 in the probiotic group and 2374 in the control group), were included in the meta-analysis. Infants treated with probiotics had a significantly lower RR for eczema compared to controls (RR 0.78 [95% CI: 0.69–0.89], P = 0.0003), especially those supplemented with a mixture of probiotics (RR 0.54 [95% CI: 0.43–0.68], P < 0.00001). No significant difference in terms of prevention of asthma (RR 0.99 [95% CI: 0.77–1.27], P = 0.95), wheezing (RR 1.02 [95% CI: 0.89–1.17], P = 0.76) or rhinoconjunctivitis (RR 0.91 [95% CI: 0.67–1.23], P = 0.53) was documented. The results of the present meta-analysis show that probiotic supplementation prevents infantile eczema, thus suggesting a new potential indication for probiotic use in pregnancy and infancy.