tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5303: Uptake and Efflux of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in human adipocytes
Authors: Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Lora J. Rogers, Susan A. Kadlubar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Obesity has been linked to the development of numerous chronic diseases, including breast cancer. Although the association between obesity and breast cancer risk is clear in postmenopausal women, high body mass index (BMI) appears to protect against breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. The mechanistic basis of this “obesity paradox” is unknown. One hypothesis is that abundant adipose tissue in the mammary gland functions as a storage depot for lipid-soluble carcinogens of dietary origin, initially offering protection against exposures. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are pro-carcinogens that are formed from high-temperature cooked meats. Exposures to these compounds are ubiquitous in Western diets and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP), the most mass-abundant HCA, is classified as a “probable human carcinogen.” To determine rates of influx of PhIP into adipocytes, differentiated Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were treated with 5 µM plus 0.02 µCi 14C-PhIP for 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and media was removed at time points. Cells were re-suspended in scintillation fluid, and counted with a 1450 LSL &amp; Luminescence Count (Perkin Elmer). Influx was rapid and PhIP continued to accumulate in the cells between 15 and 60 minutes. To determine efflux, SGBS cells were exposed to 5 µM plus 0.02 µCi 14C-PhIP and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes. Media was removed and the cells were washed with PBS. Radioactivity retained in SGBS cells was counted at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes. SGBS cells retained 50% of the radioactivity for more than 10 minutes, compared to other studies where PhIP efflux from pancreatic acinii and hepatocytes occurs within the first 15 seconds. Our data demonstrates that human adipocyte efflux is significantly slower than those in other type of cells reported in the literature, suggesting that human adipocytes can sequester PhIP, thereby protecting the breast from dietary exposure to carcinogens. Citation Format: Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Lora J. Rogers, Susan A. Kadlubar. Uptake and Efflux of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in human adipocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5303
Postoperative Nomogram for 12-Year Sarcoma-Specific Death
Authors: Michael W. Kattan, Denis H.Y. Leung, Murray F. Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Few published studies have analyzed risk factors for sarcoma-specific death. We developed and internally validated a nomogram that combines the factors to predict the probability of 12-year sarcoma-specific death using a database of 2,136 prospectively followed adult patients treated at a single institution.Nomogram predictor variables included age at diagnosis, tumor size (< or = 5, 5 to 10, or > 10 cm), histologic grade (high or low), histologic subtype (fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve tumor, synovial, or other), depth (superficial or deep), and site (upper extremity, lower extremity, visceral, thoracic or trunk, retrointraabdominal, or head or neck). Death from sarcoma or treatment complication was the predicted end point. Three prediction methods were compared, Kaplan-Meier analysis of all possible subsets, recursive partitioning, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The concordance index was used as an accuracy measure with bootstrapping to correct for optimistic bias.Sarcoma-specific death at 12 years was 36% (95% confidence interval, 33% to 39%). The bootstrap-corrected concordance indices were as follows: Kaplan-Meier, 0.69; recursive partitioning, 0.74; and Cox regression, 0.77. A nomogram was drawn on the basis of the Cox regression model. This nomogram was internally validated using bootstrapping and shown to have excellent calibration.A nomogram has been developed to predict 12-year sarcoma-specific death. This tool may be useful for patient counseling, follow-up scheduling, and clinical trial eligibility determination.
PSYCHONEUROSES, PSYCHOSES AND MENTAL DEFICFENCY IN 2000 CASES CONSIDERED ESPECIALLY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ETIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS AND SEX
Authors: ALFRED GORDON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1917)

cases of mental deficiency with morbid psychic manifestation.The following table gives a detailed account of the varieties of each group: PSYcHONEUROSES.275 cases of obsessions.250 " " phobias.300 " " hysteria.110 " " aboulia.100 " " anxiety neurosis.15 " " hypochondriasis.50 " " folie de doute.PSYCHOSES.210 cases of manic-depressive.150 " " dementia prlecox.75 " " paretic dementia.50 " " paranoia.so " " involution melancholia.25 " " acute confusion with delirium.100 " " depression without delusions.
Financial Conflicts of Interest in Physicians' Relationships with the Pharmaceutical Industry — Self-Regulation in the Shadow of Federal Prosecution
Authors: David M. Studdert, Michelle M. Mello, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Studdert et al. describe recent efforts by the federal government and professional organizations to tighten the regulation of financial associations between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Payments to doctors (including gifts and consulting fees) by drug companies are violations of the federal anti-kickback law if the payments have the potential to increase the recipients' prescriptions for the companies' products. The Office of the Inspector General, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, and physicians' organizations have issued guidelines prohibiting many types of financial relationships that have been common.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Elderly Patients With Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Dave raises an interesting point about considering the role of functional status in the use of thrombolytic therapy. It is possible that preadmission functional status is an important predictor of which patients receive thrombolytic therapy. In our retrospective study we did not examine this issue. Whether worse functional status ought to be an important factor is another issue. It is certainly not appropriate to deny efficacious treatments to patients of any age based solely on worse functional status unless there is information that it increases the risk of therapy or compromises its benefit. As suggested by the letter of Dr Bernabei and colleagues, there may be a need to collect information about the importance of comorbidity and functional status on the risks and benefits of thrombolytic therapy. This issue is particularly important since it is likely that the thrombolytic therapy trials did not include a large number of the
TCT-664 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Assessment and Quantification of Aortic Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Henrique B. Ribeiro, Florent Le Ven, Eric Larose, Luis Nombela-Franco, Marina Urena, Ricardo Allende, Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, Maria de La Paz Ricapito, Christophe Thébault, Marie-Annick Clavel, Abdellaziz Dahou, Robert DeLarochellière, Daniel Doyle, Eric Dumont, Philippe Pibarot, Josep Rodes-Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Global Gene Expression Profile Analysis in Eosinophilic Gastritis Identifies CDH26
Authors: J.M. Caldwell, M.H. Collins, C. Blanchard, E.M. Stucke, P.E. Putnam, J.P. Franciosi, J.P. Abonia, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The antiperinuclear factor. 1. The diagnostic significance of the antiperinuclear factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: I R Sondag-Tschroots, C Aaij, J W Smit, T E Feltkamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

In 1964 Nienhuis and Mandema reported the presence of antibodies against cytoplasmic granules in buccal mucosal cells in the serum of 50% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although they reported a good specificity for RA of these so-called antiperinuclear antibodies (APF), their results never threatened the monopoly of the rheumatoid factor as a serological tool for the diagnosis of RA. A re-evaluation with improved immunofluorescence methods showed a frequency of the APF of 78% in 103 patients with RA. The latex test and the Waaler-Rose test were positive in only 70% and 58% respectively of these patients. Only 15% of the RA patients were negative for all 3 tests. Thus, 40% of patients who were seronegative by the traditional methods gave a positive result on performance of the APF test. The high sensitivity of the APF test was combined with a good specificity, for the frequency in patients with other autoimmune diseases or degenerative joint disease and in healthy subjects was low. For the serodiagnosis of RA it seems best to combine the use of the APF test with one for rheumatoid factor.
Granuloma pyogenicum—a hitherto unrecognized complication of smallpox vaccination
Authors: ISMAIL ZAYID, SAMIR FARRAJ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Nineteen cases of granuloma pyogenicum, arising at the site of smallpox vaccination, are reported The cause of this lesion, which remains obscure, is discussed and the possibility that an infective agent is an aetiological factor is suggested.
Elevated plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein relate to coronary artery calcification in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Takahiko Naruko, Makiko Ueda, Ryushi Komatsu, Masato Otsuka, Yuji Sakanoue, Akira Itoh, Hajime Yamashita, Shoichi Ehara, Masahiko Ohsawa, Yoshihiro Ikura, Kazuo Haze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A Prevalent Error in Refraction Work.
Authors: Edward J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 16, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been strongly impressed for some years with the fact that many oculists, some of whom are scientific and careful men, are in the habit of over-correcting plus refractive errors. For a shorter period I have been convinced that most oculists, myself included, have been giving low plus cylinders where minus lenses were indicated. This error has grown out of the teaching of our text books that at six meters or twenty feet the rays of light are approximately parallel, and that for the correction of refractive errors the strongest plus or the weakest minus glass should be given which give the clearest vision at this distance. Charles S. Bull, I think, called attention to the fact this rule would lead to an over-correction of .25 D. in the case of H., but the fact has evidently not been sufficiently impressed. With
THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN BROMODERMA
Authors: PAUL E. BECHET
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Because of the frequent occurrence of bromine and its salts in various "patent medicines," and its long-continued use in epilepsy and as a sedative in nervous disorders, cutaneous manifestations from its use are rather frequent. Waugh<sup>1</sup>clearly brings out this fact in a report of a case of bromoderma occurring in a man, aged 40, who had taken bromo-seltzer regularly for a period of two years. In an investigation of bromo-seltzer Waugh found that 1 drachm (4 Gm.) of the drug contained 7 grains (0.5 Gm.), the usual dose being half an ounce, and that one large drugstore in Chicago sold almost 1,500 pounds in a year's time. The pound size bromo-seltzer bottle always occupies a conspicuous place on our own soda fountains, and, therefore, it is also apparently consumed in large quantities in New York. Bromism may appear after only a few days steady use of the drug,
Wireless Neurosensor for Full-Spectrum Electrophysiology Recordings during Free Behavior
Authors: Ming Yin, David A. Borton, Jacob Komar, Naubahar Agha, Yao Lu, Hao Li, Jean Laurens, Yiran Lang, Qin Li, Christopher Bull, Lawrence Larson, David Rosler, Erwan Bezard, Grégoire Courtine, Arto V. Nurmikko
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 as a Predictor of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Mias Pretorius, Brian S. Donahue, Chang Yu, James P. Greelish, Dan M. Roden, Nancy J. Brown
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), leading to significant morbidity and prolongation of hospital stay, complicates 20% to 40% of surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study tests the hypothesis that biomarkers predict the development of postoperative AF.We enrolled 253 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery requiring CPB and who were in sinus rhythm at the time of surgery. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of 21 biomarkers immediately after separation from CPB and administration of protamine. Patients who developed postoperative AF (67 subjects, 26.5%) were significantly older (P<0.001), more likely to have a remote history of AF (P<0.001), and tended to be more likely to have had valve surgery (P=0.082). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P=0.014), interleukin (IL)-6 (P=0.019), and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.028) concentrations were significantly higher in the blood of patients who developed postoperative AF. Logistic regression identified age (P<0.001), remote history of AF (P=0.001), and postoperative PAI-1 (P=0.036) as independent predictors of postoperative AF. When preoperative PAI-1 antigen concentrations were included in the model age (P<0.001), remote history of AF (P<0.001) and preoperative PAI-1 (P=0.015) were identified as independent predictors of postoperative AF. The Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) model indicated that age was the primary determinant for the development of postoperative AF (17% in age < or = 67.3 years versus 49% in age > 67.3 years). Within younger patients (age < or = 67.3 years) without remote history of AF, postoperative PAI-1 antigen concentration next determined risk of AF (13% if PAI-1 < or = 28.5 ng/mL versus 46% if PAI-1 > 28.5 ng/mL).An elevated preoperative or postoperative PAI-1 antigen concentration is an independent predictor for development of AF after CPB. Studies are needed to determine whether drugs that reduce PAI-1 concentrations can also reduce the risk of postoperative AF.
Routine Pathological Examination of Hemorrhoids
Authors: Roy N. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on Dr Fenoglio's answer to the query about routine examination of hemorrhoidal tissue.<sup>1</sup>Dr MacLeod asked about the cost-effectiveness of routine microscopic examination, and I don't believe he got a satisfactory answer. It certainly is possible to find abnormalities in any portion of tissue removed for any reason, but this does not prove the cost-effectiveness of the procedure. The examples quoted in the answer include several entities whose recognition is minimally important (carcinoma in situ, condyloma, and rectal carcinoid) or should have been recognized as lesions by the surgeon grossly. The operator, who has a much better view of the fresh lesion, may well recognize a gross abnormality. The pathologist, faced with a wrinkled fixed specimen, frequently in multiple parts, may by luck hit the lesion in a random mid-sagittal section but also may not. I simply don't believe that the
Occupational Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Commercial Drivers
Authors: Indira Gurubhagavatula, Greg Maislin, Jonathan E. Nkwuo, Allan I. Pack
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Excluding the presence of obstructive sleep apnea in commercial drivers is valuable, as the syndrome may increase their risk of sleepiness-related accidents. Using polysomnography as the criterion standard, we prospectively compared accuracies of five strategies in excluding the presence of severe sleep apnea and, secondarily, any sleep apnea among 406 commercial drivers. These strategies were as follows: (1) symptoms; (2) body mass index; (3) symptoms plus body mass index; (4) a two-stage approach with symptoms plus body mass index for everyone, followed by oximetry for a subset; and (5) oximetry for all. For excluding severe apnea, the two-stage strategy was highly successful, with 91% sensitivity and specificity, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.10. This strategy was comparable in accuracy to oximetry, which had a negative likelihood ratio of 0.12, and was 88% sensitive and 95% specific. If we avoided oximetry altogether, then symptoms together with body mass index were 81% sensitive and 73% specific, with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.26. On the other hand, excluding any apnea could not be done with reasonable accuracy unless oximetry was used. We conclude that two-stage screening is likely to be a viable means of excluding severe sleep apnea among commercial drivers.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGIC RELATIONSHIP OF ACHYLIA GASTRICA TO PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. VII. RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN THE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF NORMAL HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE ON CASEIN IN NEUTRAL SOLUTION AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE INTRINSIC FACTOR 1
Authors: F. H. L. Taylor, W. B. Castle, Robert W. Heinle, Margaret A. Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)
Water, sanitation, and hygiene at Kyoto
Authors: V. Curtis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Handwashing and sanitation need to be marketed as if they were consumer products 

When John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street pump in London's Soho in 1854, he took his place in history as the discoverer of the mode of transmission of cholera and the father of epidemiology. But were Snow alive today he would be horrified to hear that we still only apply the benefits of his insights to the richest half of humanity and that, as a result, over 2 million children still die each year from diarrhoeal diseases.1 He would also be amazed to find that our understanding of diarrhoeal diseases and how to prevent them has advanced very little in the century and a half since he wrote his famous paper.g2 One of the greatest failures of the last century has undoubtedly been the failure to lay the foundation stones of public health in the developing world—hygiene, sanitation, and water supply. Did the Third World Water Forum, held in …
The role of vehicles in the absorption of corticosteroids into the skin.
Authors: J. W. Hadgraft, I. Sarkany
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article The role of vehicles in the absorption of corticosteroids into the skin. Get access J. W. Hadgraft, J. W. Hadgraft The Royal Hospital Gray's Inn Rd., London. W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Sarkany I. Sarkany The Royal Hospital Gray's Inn Rd., London. W.C.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 6, 1 June 1966, Page 364, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb14696.x Published: 01 June 1966
Placebo-Controlled Study of Pimozide Augmentation of Fluoxetine in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Katharine A. Phillips
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Although body dysmorphic disorder often responds to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), most patients do not respond or respond only partially. However, placebo-controlled studies of augmentation of SRIs have not been done. Furthermore, although 40%-50% of patients are delusional, studies of antipsychotic medications have not been done.Twenty-eight patients with body dysmorphic disorder or its delusional variant participated in an 8-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study of pimozide augmentation of fluoxetine.Pimozide was not more effective than placebo: two (18.2%) of 11 subjects responded to pimozide and three (17.6%) of 17 subjects responded to placebo. There was no significant effect of baseline delusionality on endpoint severity of body dysmorphic disorder. Delusionality did not decrease significantly more with pimozide than placebo.Pimozide augmentation of fluoxetine treatment for body dysmorphic disorder was not more effective than placebo, even in more delusional patients. Further studies of augmentation for SRIs are needed.
Relationship between loss in parenchymal elastic recoil pressure and maximal airway narrowing in subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Authors: D Cheung, R Schot, A H Zwinderman, H Zagers, J H Dijkman, P J Sterk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Airway hyperresponsiveness is characterized by an increase in sensitivity and excessive airway narrowing to inhaled bronchoconstrictor stimuli. There is experimental evidence that maximal airway narrowing is related to lung elasticity in normal and asthmatic subjects. We hypothesized that reduced lung elasticity by parenchymal destruction increases the level of maximal airway narrowing in subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. To that end, we measured complete dose-response curves to methacholine, quasistatic pressure-volume (P-V) curves, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide per unit lung volume (DLCO/VA), and mean lung density by spirometrically controlled computed tomography (CT) scan in eight non- or ex-smoking subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Methacholine dose-response curves were expressed as the provocative concentration causing 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). A maximal response plateau was considered if > or = 3 highest doses fell within a 5% response range, the maximal response (MFEV1) being the average value on the plateau. The P-V curves were characterized by an index of compliance (exponent K), and elastic recoil pressures at 90, and 100% of TLC (PL90 and PLmax). In all subjects a complete dose-response curve to methacholine could be recorded. MFEV1 was significantly correlated with logPC20 (r = -0.94, p < 0.001), but not with baseline FEV1 (r = -0.53, p > 0.15). There was a significant relationship between MFEV1 and PL90 (r = -0.79, p < 0.02), PLmax (r = -0.87, p < 0.005), and K (r = 0.79, p < 0.02). Furthermore MFEV1 was significantly correlated with DLCO/VA (r = -0.76, p < 0.03) and with lung density (r = 0.78, p < 0.04). We conclude that in subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency the level of maximal airway narrowing increases with loss in lung elasticity, with reduction in diffusing capacity, and with lowered mean lung density. This suggests that loss in elastic recoil pressure secondary to parenchymal destruction contributes to excessive airway narrowing in humans in vivo.
Epidural analgesia improves postoperative nitrogen balance.
Authors: M R Brandt, A Fernades, R Mordhorst, H Kehlet
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Postoperative nitrogen balance was monitored in twelve patients undergoing hysterectomy under either epidural analgesia or general anaesthesia. The mean cumulative five-day nitrogen losses were significantly lower after epidural analgesia than after general anaesthesia. Nitrogen sparing presumably results from inhibiting the stress-induced release of catabolic hormones, since epidural analgesia abolished postoperative hyperglycaemia and increase in plasma cortisol concentrations. No adverse effects of inhibiting the stress response were observed. Neurogenic stimuli thus play a crucial part in the catabolic response to surgery. Inhibiting the endocrine metabolic response to trauma by neurogenic blockade may reduce the morbidity precipitated in high-risk patients by the catabolic response to surgery.