tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A clinical perspective to tendinopathy
Authors: J L Cook, J Karlsson, K M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

A major challenge for clinicians in sports medicine

Although there have been many advances in both understanding and treating tendinopathies over the past years, this clinical condition remains a major challenge for clinicians in sports medicine and a fear for elite athletes and recreationally active people. The aim of this issue of BJSM was to aggregate a number of high-quality, clinically relevant peer-reviewed, original and review papers.

Papers with a clinical perspective provide critical review and original data relating to both eccentric exercise and tendon vascularity. The research reported here builds on the foundations of research into eccentric training during the past 20 years; papers reveal new insights into this exercise regime and the effect it …
The Sugar Bureau
Authors: Jane Cassidy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Sugar Bureau was established in the 1960s to provide information on sugar and health. The organisation, which is funded “principally by UK sugar manufacturers,” says that its new look website aims to help improve knowledge and understanding of the contribution that sugar and other carbohydrates make to a healthy balanced diet (www.sugarnutrition.org.uk). The site, titled “The Sugar Nutrition UK site” and subtitled “Researching the science of sugar,” focuses on providing upbeat statements on a range of topics from health to weight control.

A “Facts” section, described as being “based on the latest scientific evidence on sugars and health,” says that sugar is natural, that active people need it, and even that it may help people stick to slimming diets. …
Impact of primary health care on mortality from heart and cerebrovascular diseases in Brazil: a nationwide analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: D. Rasella, M. O. Harhay, M. L. Pamponet, R. Aquino, M. L. Barreto
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To evaluate the impact of Brazil's recently implemented Family Health Program (FHP), the largest primary health care programme in the world, on heart and cerebrovascular disease mortality across Brazil from 2000 to 2009.Ecological longitudinal design, evaluating the impact of FHP using negative binomial regression models for panel data with fixed effects specifications.Nationwide analysis of data from Brazilian municipalities covering the period from 2000 to 2009.1622 Brazilian municipalities with vital statistics of adequate quality.The annual FHP coverage and the average FHP coverage in previous years were used as main independent variables and classified as none (0%), incipient (<30%), intermediate (30-69%), or consolidated (≥ 70%). Age standardised mortality rates from causes in the group of cerebrovascular (ICD-10 codes I60-69), ischaemic (ICD-10 I20-25), and other forms of heart diseases (ICD-10 I30-52), which were included in the national list of ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, were calculated for each municipality for each year. They accounted for 40% of all deaths from these groups during the study period.FHP coverage was negatively associated with mortality rates from cerebrovascular and heart diseases (ambulatory care-sensitive conditions) in both unadjusted and adjusted models for demographic, social, and economic confounders. The FHP had no effect on the mortality rate for accidents, used as a control. The rate ratio for the effect of consolidated annual FHP coverage on cerebrovascular disease mortality and on heart disease mortality was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.86) and 0.79 (0.75 to 0.80) respectively, reaching the value of 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73) and 0.64 (0.59 to 0.68) when the coverage was consolidated during all the previous eight years. Moreover, FHP coverage increased the number of health education activities, domiciliary visits, and medical consultations and reduced hospitalisation rates for cerebrovascular and heart disease. Several complementary analyses showed quantitatively similar results.Comprehensive and community based primary health care programmes, such as the FHP in Brazil, acting through cardiovascular disease prevention, care, and follow-up can contribute to decreased cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a developing country such as Brazil.
Targeting Taspase1 for Cancer Therapy—Response
Authors: David Y. Chen, Shugaku Takeda, Toshinao Oyama, James J. Hsieh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

We appreciate the interests of Stauber and colleagues in our study, identifying a small-molecule Taspase1 inhibitor (TASPIN) NSC48300 that disrupts cancer cell growth (1). First, regarding the expression level of Taspase1 in 293T cells, Taspase1 was first purified from 293T cells on the basis of the presence of potent proteolytic activity (2). Therefore, the claim that 293T has no measurable expression of Taspase1 is incorrect. The activity of Taspase1 in 293T cells is quite evident as the dual fluorescent proteolytic reporter (GFP 2XNES-MLL(2500-2900)-3XNLS dsRED2) is efficiently processed in 293T cells, resulting in red fluorescence in the nucleus and green fluorescence in the cytosol (Fig. 3; ref. 1). This assay was established in 2004 and used to screen for bioactive TASPINs (1).Second, regarding the Taspase1 cleavage consensus motif (IXQL(V)D/G) and the importance of hydrophobic residue at the P5 position, to fully understand the biologic function of Taspase1, we have generated Taspase1 knockout mice (3) and tried various in silico methodologies, hoping to identify additional Taspase1 substrates. Disappointingly, all candidate substrates identified through in silico approaches failed to pass our established in vitro and in vivo Taspase1 cleavage assays. Hence, we have discarded such an approach for many years. We were quite intrigued by the success using an in silico approach by Bier and colleagues in identifying many Taspase1 substrates, among which USF2 was best characterized (4). As MLL1, MLL2, TFIIA, and ALF are bona fide Taspase1 substrates identified so far (3, 5), we wished to expand the Taspase1 substrate repertoire and thus examined whether USF2 is a Taspase1 substrate. As pointed out by Stauber and colleagues, USF2 does not carry a hydrophobic residue at P5. We first conducted an in vitro cleavage assay using in vitro transcribed and translated full-length USF2. Unlike MLL and TFIIA that are efficiently processed by purified recombinant Taspase1 in vitro, USF2 was not cleaved. We then examined the cleavage of USF2 in vivo using 2 different assays using Taspase1+/+ and Taspase1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In consistence with our in vitro data, we did not detect processing of endogenous and exogenously expressed USF2 in Taspase1+/+ cells.Third, as NSC48300 is an arsenic acid containing compound, it is foreseeable that it has additional targets other than Taspase1, which were discussed in our article (1). Accordingly, collaborative efforts are undertaken by the Chemical Biology Consortium through the National Cancer Institute to identify additional TASPINs for potential clinical application.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 2912No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Keeping an Open Mind
Authors: Nasia Safdar, Cybele L. Abad, Shoba Narayan, Daniel R. Kaul, Sanjay Saint
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 67-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of fatigue and fever. He had undergone heart transplantation 6 years earlier for idiopathic cardiomyopathy. He reported no weight loss, night sweats, or chills. He also reported no headache, rash, joint swelling, dysuria, or abdominal or respiratory problems.
Hepatitis E acquired in the UK
Authors: D F LEVINE
Journal: Gut (2000)

We can confirm the finding of McCrudden et al ((2000) Gut 46:722–723.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) , that acute infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) can be acquired in the UK. A 61 year old man presented in March 1999 after a two week illness with fever, malaise, and nausea, followed by cholestatic jaundice and a palpable spleen. Results of tests included alkaline phosphatase 277 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase 2118 IU/l, bilirubin 244 umol/l and INR 1.7. He had no risk factors for liver disease and did not swim in the sea. He had not travelled outside the UK … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.aulast%253DHutin%26rft.auinit1%253DY.%2BJ.F.%26rft.volume%253D340%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D595%26rft.epage%253D602%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BMultistate%252C%2BFoodborne%2BOutbreak%2Bof%2BHepatitis%2BA%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJM199902253400802%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10029643%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJM199902253400802&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10029643&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F47%2F5%2F740.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000078755700002&link_type=ISI
The p53 Tumor-Suppressor Gene
Authors: Arnold J. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

OVER the past 15 years an examination of cancerous tissues has led to the identification of alterations in a number of genes that regulate cell growth and proliferation.1 These mutations have been identified in two distinct categories of genes, oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Typically, mutations in oncogenes occur in one of the two alleles of the gene, and they act in a fashion dominant to the wild-type allele. Consequently, they are "gain of function" mutations that constitutively or permanently signal the cell to divide. Mutations in oncogenes appear to arise spontaneously in somatic tissues over the lifetime of the organism, . . .
Multiple Effects of Phosphate Therapy
Authors: Ralph S. Goldsmith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The recent recognition of inorganic (ortho) phosphate as a potential therapeutic agent in various disorders of calcium metabolism has stimulated a variety of studies of possible sites of action. The greatest interest in this "drug" has centered on its emergency use in life-threatening hypercalcemia; the invariable decrease in serum calcium during and after phosphate infusion has made such therapy the most rapid and predictable of the various possible approaches. It is this very predictability, and the virtual independence of renal function, that has led some investigators to conclude that a physicochemical effect was being observed and that precipitation or sequestration . . .
Suicide by patients: questionnaire study of its effect on consultant psychiatrists
Authors: D. A Alexander
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To identify the effect of patients9 suicide on consultant psychiatrists in Scotland. <b>Design:</b> Confidential coded postal questionnaire survey. <b>Participants:</b> Of 315 eligible consultant psychiatrists, 247 (78%) contributed. <b>Setting:</b> Scotland. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Experience of patient suicide; the features and impact of "most distressing" suicide and what helped them to deal with it. <b>Results:</b> 167 (68%) consultants had had a patient commit suicide under their care. Fifty four (33%) reported being affected personally in terms of low mood, poor sleep, or irritability. Changes in professional practice were described by 69 (42%) of the psychiatrists—for example, a more structured approach to the management of patients at risk and increased use of mental health legislation. Twenty four (15%) doctors considered taking early retirement because of a patient9s suicide. Colleagues and family or friends were the best sources of help, and team and critical incident reviews were also useful. <b>Conclusions:</b> Suicide by patients has a substantial emotional and professional effect on consultant psychiatrists. Support from colleagues is helpful, and professional reviews provide opportunities for learning and improved management of suicide and its aftermath.
Constant Intravenous Insulin Infusion in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Saul M. Genuth
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Insulin administration by continuous intravenous infusion was evaluated in the therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis. A priming intravenous injection of 50 units followed by continuous infusion of 50 units/hr was employed as a standard protocol. Irrespective of severity, all patients showed clear-cut biochemical and clinical response. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels fell from 11.3 millimols/liter to 1.1 millimols/liter during four to ten hours. Plasma glucose level declined to approximately 300 mg/100 ml or less in an average of five hours. No deaths occurred and there were no complications specifically attributable to this mode of therapy. There are advantages to a standard protocol delivering all insulin by continuous infusion.
Vitamin D and PTH Levels in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: İsmail Doğu Kılıç, Onur Çiftçi, Yusuf İzzettin Alihanoğlu, Burcu Uludağ, Harun Evrengül, Bekir Serhad Yıldız, Celile Hatipoğlu, Asuman Kaftan, Mustafa Kılıç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
AAV2/5 vector expressing galactocerebrosidase ameliorates CNS disease in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy more efficiently than AAV2
Authors: Darshong Lin, Corinne R. Fantz, Beth Levy, Mohammad A. Rafi, Carole Vogler, David A. Wenger, Mark S. Sands
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Globoid-cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. Infantile GLD has a lethal course with severe cerebral demyelination that progresses to death by 2 years of age. In the current study twitcher mice, an authentic murine model of infantile GLD, were given intracranial injections of either recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 encoding the murine Galc cDNA (AAV2-GALC) or the same genome pseudotyped with AAV5 capsid proteins (AAV2/5-GALC) on day 3 of age. The group injected intracranially with AAV2/5-GALC had approximately 25-fold greater than normal Galc levels in the brain, while AAV2-GALC-injected animals had 28% normal levels. The average life expectancy of twitcher mice (≈38 days) was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased to 48 and 52 days for the AAV2-GALC- and AAV2/5-GALC-treated groups, respectively. The AAV2/5-GALC group performed significantly better in a battery of behavioral tests compared to untreated, AAV2-GFP-treated, or AAV2-treated twitcher animals. This longitudinal study demonstrated that AAV2/5-GALC-mediated gene therapy resulted in higher levels of Galc expression and slowed the neurologic deterioration more completely than AAV2-GALC in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. However, the clinical improvements, as assessed by behavioral tests and life span, were only modest.
PROVIDING PHYSICIANS FOR THE UNITED STATES— THE QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM
Authors: William H. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In December, 1958, the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service appointed a consultant group to study and report to him on the question of how the United States is to be supplied with an adequate number of well-qualified physicians. This group was a distinguished one and was well qualified for its job. Among its members were three medical school deans, five other college or university administrators, two regional education directors, six executives of professional associations, two representatives of business and industry, and three others whose interests and experience were in closely related fields. Its chairman was Mr. Frank Bane, former executive director of the Council of State Governments. The report was submitted to the Surgeon General in September, 1959.  The basic finding of the consultant group is that the United States faces a growing shortage of qualified physicians. My objective is first to give some of the evidence on
No time to talk
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Think carefully enough and mistakes come flooding to mind—a missed pneumothorax, an unnecessary resuscitation, and a pacing wire that tickled a tricuspid—memories of follies that influence individual practice more than they ultimately affect patient outcomes.

Yet, one memory still haunts me. I was a junior doctor in a busy specialty, rushing to manage patients and pass exams. My peers were coping with the same competing demands in their own firms and in their own ways. Some …
"Right" stay in hospital after sugery: randomised controlled trial.
Authors: J E Simpson, A G Cox, T W Meade, P J Brennan, J A Lee
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A randomised controlled trial was carried out on 100 patients to compare the effects of discharge after certain pre-specified clinical criteria had been fulfilled--"right" stay--with those of discharge at an arbitrary 10 days after surgery--"fixed" stay. The operations concerned (cholecystectomy and vagotomy) were more hazardous than those previously included in studies of early discharge. Patients in the right-stay group were discharged, on average, 7-6 days after operation--that is, two days earlier than those in the fixed-stay group. In terms of clinical progress, social factors such as return to work, and the acceptability to patients and relatives of the implications of right stay, patients in this group fared as well as those in the fixed-stay group, and in some respects slightly better. Right stay entailed the transfer of some work from hospital to community medical and nursing staff, but this also was acceptable. The concept and use of the right-stay principle is of value in planning the postoperative discharge of suitable patients.
The Diseases of Occupations
Authors: Jermyn F. McCahan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This book was first published in 1955 and represents a monumental compendium of worldwide information on occupational diseases. Through the process of regularly updating the contents, the author has made it a viable reference source. Those who are interested in this special field or desire more definitive information will need to pursue more detailed references. The text is written in a most fascinating manner, with stories and anecdotes intermingled with the scientific information. When consulting the book, the reader would be well advised to discipline himself, as he might suddenly realize that he had strayed far afield from his original interest. It is next to impossible to identify an occupation that is not considered. Some conditions unrelated to occupation are described because they may generate leads as to what may occur in industry. It is obvious that the author has an unusual depth of knowledge and interest in the socioeconomic
Mucus hypersecretion in the gallbladder epithelium of ground squirrels fed a lithogenic diet for the induction of cholesterol gallstones
Authors: Ramjeet S. Pemsingh, Brian R. Macpherson, Gerald W. Scott
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

This study identified mucus granules, determined mode of release and quantified their volume in the gallbladder epithelium of Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) fed a lithogenic diet of 2% cholesterol to experimentally induce gallstone formation. Tissue was examined using light microscopy histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as autoradiography and morphometry at the electron microscopic level. Autoradiography demonstrated incorporation of a glycoprotein precursor, [3H]galactose, within the membrane-bound granules localized in the supranuclear region of the epithelial cells. Exocytosis of granule contents was by merocrine secretion. Morphometry indicated a significant increase in the amount of intracellular mucin granules as early as 18 hr on the lithogenic diet, a feature that continued throughout the experimental period of 20 weeks. Mucus synthesis/secretion rates returned to control values within 3 weeks after removal from the diet. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed a thick sludge-like layer overlying the epithelium at a time in the chronology of the cholelithiasic model that correlated well with the initial phases of stone formation. Histochemistry showed this layer to be a mixture of acidic mucins. Neutral mucins were not observed. The hypersecretion of mucus and formation of this sludge-like layer appear to be critical nucleating factors in the formation of cholesterol gallstones.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in early central lung cancer: a treatment option for patients ineligible for surgical resection
Authors: K. Moghissi, K. Dixon, J. A. C. Thorpe, M. Stringer, C. Oxtoby
Journal: Thorax (2006)

To review the Yorkshire Laser Centre experience with bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) in early central lung cancer in subjects not eligible for surgery and to discuss diagnostic problems and the indications for PDT in such cases.Of 200 patients undergoing bronchoscopic PDT, 21 had early central lung cancer and were entered into a prospective study. Patients underwent standard investigations including white light bronchoscopy in all and autofluorescence bronchoscopy in 12 of the most recent cases. Indications for bronchoscopic PDT were recurrence/metachronous endobronchial lesions following previous treatment with curative intent in 10 patients (11 lesions), ineligibility for surgery because of poor cardiorespiratory function in 8 patients (9 lesions) and declined consent to operation in 3 patients. PDT consisted of intravenous administration of Photofrin 2 mg/kg followed by bronchoscopic illumination 24-48 h later.29 treatments were performed in 21 patients (23 lesions). There was no procedure-related or 30 day mortality. One patient developed mild skin photosensitivity. All patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment and had a complete response of variable duration. Six patients died at 3-103 months (mean 39.3), three of which were not as a result of cancer. Fifteen patients were alive at 12-82 months.Bronchoscopic PDT in early central lung cancer can achieve long disease-free survival and should be considered as a treatment option in those ineligible for resection. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy is a valuable complementary investigation for identification of synchronous lesions and accurate illumination in bronchoscopic PDT.