tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Neonatal Respiratory Failure in the United States
Authors: DEREK C. ANGUS, WALTER T. LINDE-ZWIRBLE, GILLES CLERMONT, MARTIN F. GRIFFIN, REESE H. CLARK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We wanted to determine the incidence, cost, outcome, and patterns of care for neonates requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) in the United States. Using 1994 state hospital discharge data from California and New York, we conducted an observational study of all neonatal hospitalizations (n = 16,405) with MV, comparing outcomes at centers of different technological capability, and generating national projections using census and natality reports. The MV rate was 18 per 1,000 live births. Although the incidence was much higher in lower birth weight (BW) babies, one-third had normal BW. The incidence was higher in boys (20 versus 15.6 per 1,000) and in blacks (29 per 1,000). Hospital mortality was 11.1%, higher in minority groups, and associated with low BW, congenital anomalies, and major hemorrhage. Mean hospital length of stay and costs were 31.1 d and $51,700. Half of all deaths occurred at lower level centers. There are 80,000 cases per year in the United States with 8,500 deaths and total hospital costs of $4.4 billion. We conclude neonatal respiratory failure is common, expensive, and frequently fatal. There are a surprisingly large number of normal BW cases and there are large racial differences.
State Gun Law Environment and Youth Gun Carrying in the United States
Authors: Ziming Xuan, David Hemenway
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Gun violence and injuries pose a substantial threat to children and youth in the United States. Existing evidence points to the need for interventions and policies for keeping guns out of the hands of children and youth.(1) To examine the association between state gun law environment and youth gun carrying in the United States, and (2) to determine whether adult gun ownership mediates this association.This was a repeated cross-sectional observational study design with 3 years of data on youth gun carrying from US states. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey comprises data of representative samples of students in grades 9 to 12 from biennial years of 2007, 2009, and 2011. We hypothesized that states with more restrictive gun laws have lower rates of youth gun carrying, and this association is mediated by adult gun ownership.State gun law environment as measured by state gun law score.Youth gun carrying was defined as having carried a gun on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey.In the fully adjusted model, a 10-point increase in the state gun law score, which represented a more restrictive gun law environment, was associated with a 9% decrease in the odds of youth gun carrying (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86-0.96]). Adult gun ownership mediated the association between state gun law score and youth gun carrying (AOR, 0.94 [ 95% CI, 0.86-1.01], with 29% attenuation of the regression coefficient from -0.09 to -0.07 based on bootstrap resampling).More restrictive overall gun control policies are associated with a reduced likelihood of youth gun carrying. These findings are relevant to gun policy debates about the critical importance of strengthening overall gun law environment to prevent youth gun carrying.
Abstract 16514: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Detected Carotid Plaque Characteristics Predict Systemic Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Clinically Established Atherosclerosis in the AIH-HIGH Study
Authors: Jie Sun, Xue-Qiao Zhao, Niranjan Balu, Moni B Neradilek, Daniel A Isquith, Kiyofumi Yamada, Gador Canton, John R Crouse, Todd J Anderson, John Huston, Kevin O’Brien, Daniel S Hippe, Nayak L Polissar, Chun Yuan, Thomas S Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Although vulnerable plaques are considered the pathological substrate for acute cardiovascular events, the pursuit of imaging surrogate markers for systemic atherothrombotic risk is currently focused on plaque burden. The prognostic value of vulnerable plaque characteristics as novel markers for systemic cardiovascular outcomes remains elusive. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled characterization of the vulnerable carotid plaque. In a prospective study, we tested whether MRI-detected carotid plaque characteristics predict subsequent cardiovascular events. Methods: As part of an event-driven clinical trial, subjects with clinically established atherosclerotic disease were recruited. A multi-sequence protocol was used to measure the volumes of calcification and necrotic core (NC), and to identify the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and thin/ruptured fibrous cap (FC) using published criteria. The primary endpoint included fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and symptom-driven revascularization. Cox regression analysis was used to present results as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of 232 subjects recruited, 214 (92.2%) with diagnostic image quality constituted the study population (mean age: 61±9 years; male: 82%; statin use: 94%). Calcification, NC, IPH, and thin/ruptured FC were detected in 48%, 52%, 8% and 14% of subjects, respectively. During a median follow-up of 35.1 months, 18 (8.4%) subjects reached the primary endpoint. MRI-detected plaque characteristics associated with the primary endpoint included larger NC (HR per 1 standard deviation increase in volume [1-SD]: 1.43 [1.16, 1.75], p&lt;0.001), thin/ruptured FC (HR: 4.31 [1.67, 11.12], p=0.003), and marginally IPH (HR: 3.00 [0.99, 9.13], p=0.053). Although calcium deposition is traditionally pursued as a marker for atherosclerosis, subjects with larger calcification (HR per 1-SD: 0.60 [0.26, 1.41], p=0.20) did not show increased risk. Conclusions: Vulnerable plaque characteristics are prevalent in carotid arteries of patients with established atherosclerosis and are predictive of systemic cardiovascular outcomes.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. II. Ultrastructure of Normal Mucosa, Tumor Biopsies, and Subsequent Epithelial Growth &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L. Gazzolo, G. de-Thé, M. Vuillaume, H. C. Ho
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The ultrastructure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa from normal individuals and that of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were investigated both in biopsy specimens and in short-term epithelial cultures in vitro. Nuclear abnormalities were noted in the epithelial tumorous cells, in the fibroblasts, and, to a lesser extent, in the lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were found between epithelial basal cells in the normal mucosa, which indicated close association between these two cell types. Similarly, in NPC, lymphocytes and a few lymphoblast-type cells were in close contact with epithelial tumorous cells. No morphological trace of herpesvirus infection was detected either in the tumor biopsies or in the short-term epithelial cultures. These findings are significant in view of the association existing between a lymphotropic virus and NPC.
Development and Biologic Properties of Malignant Cell Sublines and Clones of a Spontaneously Metastasizing Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Neri, D Welch, T Kawaguchi, G L Nicolson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

With the use of the rat 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor, an animal model for spontaneous mammary tumor metastasis was developed. The parental tumor implanted sc into the mammary fat pads of female Fischer 344 rats metastasized at low frequency to lymph nodes and lung and did not metastasize to other organs. Oophorectomy did not modify the metastatic properties of the parental 13762 tumor. Cell lines were adapted to tissue culture from lymph node or lung metastases, and these were compared to parental tumor transplants in spontaneous metastasis assays. Only the cell lines established from metastases were spontaneously metastatic within 23 days after sc implantation, indicating that tumor cell populations from metastases are more metastatic than are cells from the parental tumor. Several individual parental tumor-derived and lung metastasis-derived clones were compared for spontaneous metastatic potentials, cell culture morphologies, histologic structures at primary implant and secondary metastatic sites, and growth characteristics in vivo and in vitro. There was no correlation between any of these tumor and cellular properties and metastatic potential. The parental mammary tumor-derived, lymph node metastasis-derived, and lung metastasis-derived cell lines and clones with differing spontaneous metastatic properties should prove useful in studies on the roles of tumor cell and host properties in lymphatic and blood-borne metastasis.
Functional MRI Study of the Cognitive Generation of Affect
Authors: John D. Teasdale, Robert J. Howard, Sally G. Cox, Yvonne Ha, Michael J. Brammer, Steven C.R. Williams, Stuart A. Checkley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The authors investigated, by whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the neural substrate underlying processing of emotion-related meanings.Six healthy subjects underwent functional MRI while viewing 1) alternating blocks of pairs of pictures and captions evoking negative feelings and the same materials irrelevantly paired to produce less emotion (reference pairs); 2) alternating blocks of picture-caption pairs evoking positive feelings and the same materials irrelevantly paired to produce less emotion; and 3) alternating blocks of picture-caption pairs evoking positive feelings and picture-caption pairs evoking negative feelings.Compared with the reference picture-caption pairs, negative pairs activated the right medial and middle frontal gyri, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and right thalamus. Compared with the reference picture-caption pairs, positive pairs activated the right and left insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, left splenium, and left precuneus. Compared with the negative picture-caption pairs, positive pairs activated the right and left medial frontal gyri, right anterior cingulate gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left caudate.Contrasts of both 1) negative and reference picture-caption pairs and 2) positive and negative picture-caption pairs activated networks involving similar areas in the medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 9) and right anterior cingu-late gyrus (areas 24 and 32). The area 9 sites activated are strikingly similar to sites activated in related positron emission tomography experiments. Activation of these same sites by a range of evoked affects, elicited by different methods, is consistent with areas within the medial prefrontal cortex mediating the processing of affect-related meanings, a process common to many forms of emotion production.
A Patient With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring Concurrent<i>EGFR</i>L858R,<i>EGFR</i>Germline T790M, and<i>PIK3CA</i>Mutations: The Challenge of Interpreting Results of Comprehensive Mutational Testing in Lung Cancer
Authors: Philip E. Lammers, Christine M. Lovly, Leora Horn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Mutational testing has moved to the forefront as an integral component in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently 3 targeted therapies (erlotinib, afatinib, and crizotinib) are approved by the FDA to treat patients with specific genetic abnormalities in NSCLC. As mutational screening expands to include a greater number of genes, the results will become more difficult to interpret, particularly if mutations are found in multiple genes or genes that are not actionable at the time of testing. This case report summarizes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with NSCLC that harbored multiple potentially targetable driver mutations. It also discusses the current NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for mutational testing in NSCLC and the inherent difficulties with interpreting mutational results when multiple mutations are found in a single gene or across multiple genes.
Abstract 131: Age dependent regenrative ability of ckit+ cells Derived from Neonatal and adult Hearts
Authors: Rachana Mishra, Rachana Mishra, Sudhish Sharma, Savitha Desmukh, Keerti Balachandaran, Ling Chen, Sunjay Kaushal
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Human adult c-kit + cardiac stem cells (CSCs) alleviates post-myocardial infarction left ventricle dysfunction in animal models and a Phase I clinical study. The regenerative capacity of CSCs in the very young patients with non-ischemic congenital heart defects has not been explored, even in the most surgically challenging Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) patients. We hypothesized that isolated neonatal-derived ckit + CSCs have higher regenerative abilities than adult-derived CSCs and might address the anatomical deficiency of HLHS myocardium. Methods and Results: Human specimens were obtained during routine cardiac surgical procedures from right atrial appendage tissue discarded from 2 age groups: neonates and adults patients. We developed a reproducible isolation method that generated c-kit + cells using immune-activated magnetic bead selection, regardless of the initial weight or age. More than 85% ckit+ cells were isolated from both groups and these cells were negative for tryptase, collagen, CD45, CD34 and CD31. Single cell proliferation assay showed neonatal ckit+ cells are significantly more proliferative compare to adult ckit + cells. Neonatal c-kit + cells showed significantly higher telomere length (p=0.0286) compare to Adult. The neonatal-derived c-kit + cells secreted higher levels of VEGF-A, ANG, and SDF-1α when compared to adult-derived c-kit + cells. When transplanted into infarcted myocardium, neonatal-derived c-kit + cells had a significantly higher ability to preserve myocardial function, prevent adverse remodeling, and enhance blood vessel preservation when compared to adult-derived c-kit + CSCs. . Treatment with Neonatal-derived ckit + cells also augmented the preservation/formation of neovessels (isolectin B4) and arterioles (α-SMA) compared to adult-derived ckit + cells Conclusions: Neonatal-derived c-kit + cells have a strong regenerative ability when compared with adult-derived c-kit + cells that may depend on angiogenic cytokines. This has important implications in the potential use of CSCs in future HLHS clinical trials.
VEGF-Mediated Induction of PRD1-BF1/Blimp1 Expression Sensitizes Tumor Vasculature to Oncolytic Virus Infection
Authors: Rozanne Arulanandam, Cory Batenchuk, Fernando A. Angarita, Kathryn Ottolino-Perry, Sophie Cousineau, Amelia Mottashed, Emma Burgess, Theresa J. Falls, Naomi De Silva, Jovian Tsang, Grant A. Howe, Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault, David P. Conrad, Manijeh Daneshmand, Caroline J. Breitbach, David H. Kirn, Leda Raptis, Subash Sad, Harold Atkins, Michael S. Huh, Jean-Simon Diallo, Brian D. Lichty, Carolina S. Ilkow, Fabrice Le Boeuf, Christina L. Addison, J. Andrea McCart, John C. Bell
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS IN ELDERLY RESIDENTS OF COUNTY HOMES
Authors: RAPHAEL GINZBERG, WILLARD C. BRINEGAR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

This survey demonstrates the value of pilot studies of the kind described. They should be followed by other thorough investigations. Until recently the state hospitals were considered "end of the road" institutions. They are now going through a new development. We observe how slowly but firmly custodial psychiatry in state hospitals is changing to an active, continuous, treatment psychiatry. The really "end of the road" institutions, with far fewer facilities than state hospitals, are the county homes. This lost sector of psychotic, semipsychotic, and nonpsychotic persons should be included in the sphere of interest of contemporary psychiatry. Our belief is strong that, in spite of many handicaps, psychiatry can help to relieve the unnecessary suffering of a considerable number of the elderly residents and can stimulate the community to solve this problem in a more satisfactory way than it is doing at present.
Age-Related Cognitive Deficits Mediated by Changes in the Striatal Dopamine System
Authors: Lars Bäckman, Nathalie Ginovart, Roger A. Dixon, Tarja-Brita Robins Wahlin, Åke Wahlin, Christer Halldin, Lars Farde
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The study examined the influence of losses in dopaminergic function on age-related cognitive deficits.Eleven healthy subjects (21-68 years of age) completed a set of cognitive tasks used to assess perceptual speed and episodic memory. D(2) receptor binding was measured in the caudate and the putamen by using positron emission tomography.A gradual age-related deterioration was found for all cognitive tasks and for D(2) binding in both striatal structures. Statistical control of D(2) binding eliminated the age-related cognitive variation, whereas residual effects of D(2) binding were seen after the analysis controlled for age.D(2) receptor binding is a more important factor than chronological age in accounting for variation in cognitive performance across the adult lifespan. Changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission play an important role in aging-related cognitive decline.
Liposomal Doxorubicin and Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: M. I. Koukourakis, S. Koukouraki, A. Giatromanolaki, S. C. Archimandritis, J. Skarlatos, K. Beroukas, J. G. Bizakis, G. Retalis, N. Karkavitsas, E. S. Helidonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Stealth (ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, CA) liposomal drug formulation allows a higher intratumoral accumulation and a prolonged plasma half-life of the encapsulated drugs. In the study presented here, we evaluated the feasibility of Stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx; ALZA Corporation) administered concurrently with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck cancer (HNC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with NSCLC and 15 with squamous-cell HNC were recruited in two phase I dose-escalation trials. The starting dose of Caelyx was 10 mg/m 2 every 2 weeks (for three cycles during radiotherapy) and was increased by 5 mg/m 2 dose increments for every three patients. RESULTS: The maximum tolerated dose of Caelyx was 20 mg/m 2 for HNC and 25 mg/m 2 in NSCLC patients. Oral/pharyngeal mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity for HNC patients. “In field” radiation skin toxicity was slightly increased. Hematologic toxicity was minimal. Single photon emission computed tomographic evaluation of Caelyx distribution, using technetium-99m–diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid labeling, revealed a high intratumoral accumulation of the drug. The tumor to thoracic vessel area count ratio in the NSCLC cases ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 (mean ± SD, 1.01 ± 0.29), whereas this ratio was higher (0.8 to 1.85; mean ± SD, 1.35 ± 0.39) in HNC cases (P = .049). The complete response rate was 21% in the NSCLC cases and 75% in the HNC cases. NSCLC cases with higher Caelyx tumor accumulation responded better to the regimen. The tumor microvessel density assessed with the anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody directly correlated with the degree of the Caelyx accumulation (P = .007; r = .92). CONCLUSION: We conclude that combination of radiotherapy with Stealth liposomal doxorubicin is feasible. The potential role of such a regimen in the treatment of highly angiogenic tumors requires further investigation.
HDAC2-independent anti-inflammatory effects of budesonide in human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Xingqi Wang, Amy Nelson, Anna Miller-Larsson, Elisabet Wieslander, Xiangde Liu, Stephen Rennard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Reduced response of COPD patients to the anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids may be due to reduced expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells as suggested by recent studies. Lung fibroblasts release inflammatory mediators and are key cells in tissue remodeling following airway inflammation. However, HDAC expression and its role in mediating glucocorticoid effect on fibroblast functions have not been studied.

Methods and results: Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were exposed to IL-1β +TNF-α (1ng/ml each), which stimulated release of IL-6, IL-8 and metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-3. These responses were inhibited by the glucocorticoid budesonide (0.1-100nM) in a concentration-dependent manner. An HDAC inhibitor (trichostatin A) did not reverse the effects of budesonide on release of cytokines and MMPs in HFL-1 cells while it blocked the inhibitory effects of budesonide in human bronchial epithelial cells and monocytes. Furthermore, siRNA targeting HDAC2 did not interfere with the inhibitory effects of budesonide on HFL-1 MMP release. Exposure to cigarette smoke extract (5%) did not affect HDAC2 protein expression in HFL-1 cells and did not interfere with the budesonide effects. Finally, there was no statistically significant difference between COPD and control subjects in HDAC2 expression and the effects of budesonide on cytokine or MMP release from lung fibroblasts.

Conclusions: HDAC2 is not required for budesonide to inhibit MMP and cytokine release by lung fibroblasts. These results also suggest that budesonide has a potential to counteract fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling following airway inflammation in COPD.
Hepatic DNA Methylation and Liver Tumor Formation in Male C3H Mice Fed Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diets
Authors: N Shivapurkar, M J Wilson, K L Hoover, Y B Mikol, D Creasia, L A Poirier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The effects of the chronic administration of methyl-deficient, amino acid-defined diets on liver tumor formation were examined in male weanling C3H/HeN mice previously treated with a single ip injection of 0 or 150 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg body weight [(DENA) CAS: 55-18-5]. Five diets were used: diet 1, adequate; diet 2, devoid of both methionine and choline; diet 3, devoid of methionine only; diet 4, devoid of choline only; and diet 5, devoid of methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12. Equimolar homocystine replaced methionine in all methionine-devoid diets. All diets were administered for 1 year. No hepatocellular carcinomas and only 3 liver adenomas were seen among the 129 animals at risk in the 5 groups that had received no DENA. Among the DENA-treated groups fed diets 1-4, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas in the mice at risk averaged 40%, with no significant differences noted among groups. A relatively low incidence of liver carcinomas (10%) was seen among DENA-treated mice subsequently fed diet 5; it could be ascribed to the enhanced mortality seen in these animals due to the dietary deficiencies. Lung tumors were seen in 44% of the DENA-treated mice surviving more than 35 experimental weeks and in only 2.5% of the corresponding DENA-untreated animals. Feeding diet 2, deficient in methionine and choline, to male C3H mice for 5-20 weeks decreased the hepatic ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (CAS: 29908-3-0) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (979-92-0) relative to that observed in mice fed the adequate diet 1. The 5-methyldeoxycytidine [(5-MC) CAS: 838-07-3] contents of liver DNA in animals fed diet 2 for 5, 10, and 20 weeks, however, were not significantly different from the corresponding levels in diet 1-fed mice. The results indicate that a methionine- and choline-deficient dietary regimen that lowers the 5-MC levels in DNA and enhances liver tumor formation in male F344 rats does not do so in male C3H mice.