tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blocking late cholesterol biosynthesis inhibits the growth of transplanted Morris hepatomas (7288CTC) in rats
Authors: G Xu, G Salen, M Lea, G S Tint, L B Nguyen, A K Batta, T S Chen, S Shefer
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol is the last reaction in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme, 7-dehydrocholesterol-delta 7-reductase. We studied whether malignant tumor growth that depends on cholesterol could be slowed by inhibiting late cholesterol biosynthesis. The inhibitor 7-dehydrocholester-delta 7-reductase, BM 15.766 alone, or in combination with 2% cholesterol was fed to 20 male Buffalo rats for 2 weeks immediately after Morris hepatoma 7288CTC was implanted in both flanks. Tumor weights were compared and sterol composition, hepatic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding in the tumor were correlated with those in the liver. In the plasma of rats treated with BM 15.766, cholesterol levels dropped 75% and the precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol rose substantially. Tumor weights were 43% less (P < .05) than controls (5.9 +/- 1.5 g vs. 10.4 +/- 2.2 g) with sterol concentrations reduced 25%, and the precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, increased to represent 71% of the tumor sterols. Feeding cholesterol with BM 15.766 normalized plasma but only partially restored tumor cholesterol concentrations, which still remained 49% below the hepatomas in the control group. With BM 15.766, hepatic cholesterol decreased 76% and was associated with a marked rise of 7-dehydrocholesterol that could be almost entirely prevented by feeding cholesterol. After the tumor was implanted, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity increased 56% and was 8.6 times higher than in the tumor. Enzyme activities were enhanced about 50% in the liver and the tumor after BM 15.766 was administered but decreased 38% below control when cholesterol was added to the diet. Hepatic receptor-mediated LDL binding rose 67% after tumor implantation, and declined to control levels with cholesterol feeding. These results suggest that de novo cholesterol synthesis in Morris hepatoma 7288CTC is much lower than the liver and tumor growth depends on circulating plasma cholesterol. Inhibiting the last step in cholesterol biosynthesis profoundly reduced tissue and plasma cholesterol concentrations and accumulated precursors substantially to slow hepatoma growth. Feeding cholesterol restored liver but not hepatoma cholesterol levels. Thus, inhibiting late cholesterol synthesis hinders growth of rapidly enlarging malignant tumors.
Health Care in India: An Appraisal
Authors: Bashir Qureshi
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of industry. Socialism, on the other hand, is an economic system that advocates public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange in industry. In political terms there are three worlds: the first is the capital alliance of Western countries; the second, the socialist bloc of Eastern Europe; and the last, the Third World of nonaligned countries. The leaders of these political systems are the United States, the Soviet Union, and India, respectively. At present, India is governed by its capitalist leaders in a British-style parliamentary democracy and shows tolerance toward its socialist citizens. This book is written by a devoted Marxist—but not Leninist (Russian Bolshevik)—who analyzes the merits and demerits of the current capitalist approach to health care in India and pleads for a temporary or permanent change to socialist methods so as to cure all ills. The text
Action planning in humans and chimpanzees but not in monkeys
Authors: Nobuyuki Kawai
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Studies with primates in sequence production tasks reveal that chimpanzees make action plans before initiating responses and making on-line adjustments to spatially exchanged stimuli, whereas such planning isn't evident in monkeys. Although planning may rely on phylogenetically newer regions in the inferior parietal lobe – along with the frontal lobes and basal ganglia – it dates back to as far as five million years ago.
The Road to Euthanasia
Authors: Robert W. Carton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Sprung<sup>1</sup>finds American medicine further along the road to euthanasia than is commonly thought. His argument can be summarized as follows: With the development of the technology of life support during the past 30 years, severely ill persons have survived in coma, in the chronic vegetative state, or in other states of great impairment. These persons formerly would have died relatively promptly after the insult that precipitated their condition. Now they are shielded from cardiopulmonary collapse and death by the modern forms of life support, which extend from complex volume ventilators to simple methods of feeding by gastrostomy tube. To cope with the problems presented by this population, our society has revised the definition of "death" (as in the Harvard report of 1968)<sup>2</sup>and relaxed the standards for maintenance of life (as in the<i>Quinlan</i>case of 1976).<sup>3</sup>Who may be
THE GUARANTEE OF SAFETY IN THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT.
Authors: ALBERT H. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The most important function of the human body, biologically, is reproduction. Behind this function the Creator placed a dominating, imperative, sexual impulse to insure its activity. This is the animate magnet which attracts and mates the opposite sexes. Through this magnetic force marriage came to be and must forever remain the most sacred and important institution in human society. The supreme importance of woman in these relations is apparent when we consider her office in prenatal existence; her roll as the nourishing mother; her place as the very foundation stone of every hearth and home, and her life as the vital center about which cluster families and tribes and nations. Around the sexual life of woman are grouped the most potential factors in the perpetuity, development, and highest good of the race, physically, morally and mentally. Around the sexual life of woman also are grouped some of the most adverse
The effect of transplantation of nasal mucosal epithelial cell sheets after middle ear surgery in a rabbit model
Authors: Kazuhisa Yamamoto, Takanori Hama, Masayuki Yamato, Hirotaka Uchimizu, Hiroaki Sugiyama, Ryo Takagi, Yuichiro Yaguchi, Teruo Okano, Hiromi Kojima
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Acquired subepidermal bullous diseases associated with psoriasis: a clinical, immunopathological and immunogenetic study
Authors: G. KIRTSCHIG, E.T.Y. CHOW, V.A. VENNING, F.T. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Clinical, immunopathological and immunogenetic studies of four patients with a subepidermal bullous disease associated with psoriasis were carried out to determine the true nature of the blistering disease and to investigate further the relationship between psoriasis and acquired subepidermal bullous diseases. Autoantibodies in all four patients bound to the epidermal side of salt-split skin by indirect immunofluorescence and detected the major bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigens by immunoblotting. One had additional IgA autoantibodies binding an epidermal polypeptide of 270/280 kDa and another had circulating IgG autoantibodies which detected both BP and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) antigens. All patients had active psoriasis at the onset of the bullous disease. Three patients were being treated with tar when blisters developed; one patient also received UVB radiation and experienced a relapse after exposure to sunlight. HLA phenotypes in three patients were determined. All the patients responded well to methotrexate. These findings demonstrate that BP is the subepidermal bullous disease most associated with psoriasis. Changes at the basement membrane zone in psoriasis may be responsible for the heterogeneous antibody response and may trigger the bullous disease, as may antipsoriatic treatment including tar and UV radiation. However, common immunogenetic mechanisms may play a crucial part in this disease association.
Concern about "lookback" exercise for hepatitis C
Authors: P. Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Nigel Higson expresses concern about the national “lookback” exercise being undertakento detect recipients of blood donations originating from donors subsequently found to be positive for hepatitis C virus. Those of us in the transfusion service who are supervising the lookback exercise share several of Higson's concerns. Specifically, the counselling of patients who have been exposed to hepatitis C through blood transfusion requires knowledge about the disease and experience of notification, pretest counselling, and support after the test. On the other hand, no new resources have been made available for this exercise. In many cases, general practitioners have indicated that they are inadequately …
Abstract 1575: A dual immunostimulatory strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment: MUC1 cytoplasmic tail peptide therapeutic vaccine with adjuvant TLR3 agonist poly(I:C12U)
Authors: Darci M. Fink, Jarrod Tremayne, Stephanie K. Bunt, Michael A. Hollingsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Immunotherapy directed against MUC1, a membrane-bound mucin, may be a treatment option for pancreatic cancer patients. MUC1 is overexpressed and differentially glycosylated and phosphorylated by pancreatic cancer cells and is thus a candidate antigenic target for a therapeutic vaccine. Vaccination studies using full length MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (MUC1-CT) peptide in vivo showed an increase in median survival of C57BL/6 mice transgenic for and immunologically tolerant to MUC1 (MUC1.Tg) challenged with a syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cell line (Panc02.MUC1) as compared to nonvaccinated controls. In a recent study, we employed an immunostimulatory adjuvant in concert with MUC1-CT peptide to improve immune system mobilization in MUC1-tolerant animals thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of vaccination. The chosen adjuvant, poly(I:C12U), is a clinically tested GMP-grade dsRNA molecule capable of activating Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) present on endocytic vesicles in antigen presenting cells (APC). Agonizing TLR3 induces dendritic cell maturation in vitro and in vivo, leading to increased antigen presentation and cytokine production that prompt an antigen-specific T cell response. We hypothesized that a dual immunostimulatory strategy pairing TLR3 agonist-mediated APC activation with tolerance-breaking MUC1-CT antigen-directed vaccination would lead to directed destruction of pancreatic cancer cells and improved overall survival. Treatment with poly(I:C12U) alone, peptide alone, or gemcitabine alone improved survival in this model system; however, co-administration of poly(I:C12U) and peptide did not provide additive or synergistic benefit in this protocol. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1575. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1575
Evaluation of Indoleamine 2,3- Dioxygenase Gene Expression and Activation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Reza Farid, Hossein Shahriari, Farahzad Jabbari, Hoshang Rafatpanah, Majid Jafari, Layla Farid, seyed Abdoirahim Rezaee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
PMO-140 Analysis of EUS-guided cyst aspirate has no impact on surgical management of suspected pancreatic cystic tumour
Authors: V Mahesh, W Tam, Q N Nguyen
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Preferred strategies for evaluation and management of patients with pancreatic cysts remain controversial. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of suspected pancreatic cyst tumours for CEA and cytology is often recommended to evaluate malignant potential in order to guide further management. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the clinical impact of EUS guided cyst aspirate on surgical management of patients with suspected pancreatic cystic tumours. <h3>Methods</h3> Outcome data of all patients having undergone EUS guided FNA of suspected pancreatic cystic tumours from March 2004 to November 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected on demographics, EUS findings, radiological findings, biochemical and cytological findings, clinical outcomes and management. The mean follow-up was 24.5 months. <h3>Results</h3> Of 123 patients (74F:49M; 64±2.7 years) with suspected pancreatic cystic tumours, only 10 (8%) patients had surgical resection for IPMN with low grade dysplasia (n=7), MCN (n=1), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (n=1) and serous cystadenoma (n=1). Only 3(12%) patients with CEA &gt;192 μg/l and 1 (7%) with CA 19–9 &gt;1000 U/l had surgery. Similarly only 3 (30%) with abnormal cytology were considered for surgery. Although most patients (n=9) who underwent surgery were symptomatic, 18/113 (16%) patients in the conservatively managed group also had symptoms related to the cystic tumours. The size of the cystic tumour in the surgical group, however, was significantly larger than that in the conservative group (4.9 cm vs 2.9 cm, p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Surgical decision making process in patients with pancreatic cystic lesions is complex with multiple factors influencing the choice of surgery. Our data indicate the limited role of pancreatic fluid analysis compared with symptoms and cyst size. Factors that guide and influence the need for surgical resection of pancreatic cystic tumours should be further evaluated. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Khalid A</b>, Brugge W. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of neoplastic pancreatic cysts. <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 2007;<b>102</b>:2339–49.
The epidemiology of food allergy in Europe: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: B. I. Nwaru, L. Hickstein, S. S. Panesar, A. Muraro, T. Werfel, V. Cardona, A. E. J. Dubois, S. Halken, K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, L. K. Poulsen, G. Roberts, R. Van Ree, B. J. Vlieg‐Boerstra, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Food allergy ( FA ) is an important atopic disease although its precise burden is unclear. This systematic review aimed to provide recent, up‐to‐date data on the incidence, prevalence, time trends, and risk and prognostic factors for FA in Europe. We searched four electronic databases, covering studies published from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2012. Two independent reviewers appraised the studies and qualified the risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Seventy‐five eligible articles (comprising 56 primary studies) were included in a narrative synthesis, and 30 studies in a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Most of the studies were graded as at moderate risk of bias. The pooled lifetime and point prevalence of self‐reported FA were 17.3% (95% CI : 17.0–17.6) and 5.9% (95% CI : 5.7–6.1), respectively. The point prevalence of sensitization to ≥1 food as assessed by specific IgE was 10.1% (95% CI : 9.4–10.8) and skin prick test 2.7% (95% CI : 2.4–3.0), food challenge positivity 0.9% (95% CI : 0.8–1.1). While the incidence of FA appeared stable over time, there was some evidence that the prevalence may be increasing. There were no consistent risk or prognostic factors for the development or resolution of FA identified, but sex, age, country of residence, familial atopic history, and the presence of other allergic diseases seem to be important. Food allergy is a significant clinical problem in Europe. The evidence base in this area would benefit from additional studies using standardized, rigorous methodology; data are particularly required from Eastern and Southern Europe.
Valve Calcification and Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: Ze-Zhou Song
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
812 Applicability of MELD scoring system to predict prognosis in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: C AYDIN, B BERK, J FUNG, O SHAKIL
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Plasma levels of growth factors may be important in determining the extent of liver regeneration in patients with fulminant hepatic failure and in this study human hepatocyte growth factor and biliprotein (bilirubin covalently bound to albumin) were determined in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, mainly as a result of acetaminophen overdose. Admission values for plasma human hepatocyte growth factor were significantly raised, although with a wide range in acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure (median 7.4 ng/ml, range 0.45–48.4 ng/ml, n=34) and in fulminant hepatic failure from other causes (3.8 ng/ml, 1.72–25.1 ng/ml, n=9) as compared to normal subjects (0.24 ng/ml, 0–0.5 ng/ml, n=30). Higher plasma human hepatocyte growth factor was observed in patients who died (10.1 ng/ml, 3.8–48.4 ng/ml, n=19) than in those who survived (4.3 ng/ml, 0.45–25.1 ng/ml, n=22, p<0.02), which may reflect lack of hepatic clearance in the former group. The median plasma biliprotein on admission (13.2 mg/l, range 6.3–100.7 mg/l, n=43) was significantly increased compared to normal subjects (1.3 mg/l, 0–4.1 mg/l, n=7, p<0.001) with no difference between patients who survived or died, although when plasma biliprotein results were expressed as a percentage of the total bilirubin, the values were slightly higher in survivors (median 14.4%, range 10.8–40.5%, n=23) compared to those who died (12.1%, 7.7–20.9%, n=20, p=0.004). In cases where serial analyses during the course of illness were available, plasma human hepatocyte growth factor tended to decrease during the course of the illness in survivors and increase in those who died, whereas the biliprotein expressed as a percentage of total bilirubin increased in survivors with little change in non-survivors.
Hyperemic Peripheral Red Marrow in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia Demonstrated on Tc-99m Labeled Red Blood Cell Venography
Authors: RICHARD A. HEIDEN, ROBERTA C. LOCKO, THEODORE R. STENT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 25-year-old gravid woman, homozygous for sickle cell anemia, with a history of recent deep venous thrombosis, was examined using Tc-99m labeled red blood cell venography for recurrent thrombosis. Although negative for thrombus, the study presented an unusual incidental finding: the patient's peripheral bone marrow was hyperemic in a distribution consistent with peripheral red bone marrow expansion. Such a pattern has not been documented before using this technique. This report supports other literature that has demonstrated hyperemia of peripheral red bone marrow in other hemolytic anemias. This finding may ultimately define an additional role of scintigraphy in assessing the pathophysiologic status of the sickle cell patient.
Cost Containment and the Physician
Authors: Richard D. Blondell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In her recent<i>JAMA</i>article, Dr Angell<sup>1</sup>offers some thoughts on how to address the problem of the medical community spending too much money on health care. Among the several remedies suggested were the following. First, physicians should eliminate unnecessary medical care. I agree we should try, but given the amount of success that the Department of Defense has had in eliminating waste in the military I am not optimistic that physicians can do much better in medicine. Second, peer-review mechanisms would decide which new technologies are beneficial before funding is provided on a grand scale. Who will decide and how was not addressed. Meaningful peer review has not been one of medicine's great accomplishments in the recent past. Third, "fee schedules should be revised so that they neither encourage nor discourage the use of tests and procedures." I predict that this will be like tax
Somatic NOD2 mosaicism in Blau syndrome
Authors: Jaime de Inocencio, Anna Mensa-Vilaro, Pilar Tejada-Palacios, Eugenia Enriquez-Merayo, Eva González-Roca, Giuliana Magri, Estibaliz Ruiz-Ortiz, Andrea Cerutti, Jordi Yagüe, Juan I. Aróstegui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Mechanically induced changes in action potential duration and left ventricular segment length in acute regional ischaemia in the in situ porcine heart
Authors: S M Horner, M J Lab, C F Murphy, D J Dick, B Zhou, F G Harrison
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The electrophysiological events accompanying early ischaemia are important. The aim of this study was to investigate mechano-electric feedback in acute regional myocardial ischaemia in the intact heart in situ by measuring the change in action potential duration in response to increased ventricular loading imposed by transient aortic occlusion.11 landrace pigs were anaesthetised and their hearts exposed. A pneumatically operated blood pressure clamp was placed around the aorta. Monophasic action potentials and an index of segment motion were recorded from the epicardium in and around the ischaemic area produced by a snare placed around a coronary artery. Ventricular and systemic arterial pressures were measured. An initial aortic clamp was performed during which control recordings were taken. The coronary artery was then tied and the aorta clamped for 5-10 s every 5 min for the duration of the 30 min tie. Recordings were taken from the ischaemic area and non-ischaemic areas.Aortic clamp before ischaemia increased intraventricular diastolic and systolic pressure and reduced action potential duration in all the areas studied (p < 0.001). During acute regional myocardial ischaemia aortic clamping resulted in significantly more shortening of the action potential in the ischaemic area after 10 min of ischaemia than in the control area (5 ms v 10 ms, p = 0.008). Over the following 20 min the degree of shortening decreased. The greater shortening at 10 min could not be attributed to changes in the end diastolic segment length or peak ventricular pressure and could thus represent a change in the expression of mechano-electric feedback by ischaemic myocardium rather than a change in loading conditions.During the first 30 min following a coronary artery occlusion mechano-electric feedback in the ischaemic myocardium varies with time.