tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Ron J.G. Peters, Wouter E.M. Kok, Carlo Di Mario, Patrick W. Serruys, Frits W.H.M. Bär, Gerard Pasterkamp, Cornelis Borst, Otto Kamp, Jean G.F. Bronzwaer, Cees A. Visser, Jan J. Piek, Radjan N. Panday, Wiebe Jaarsma, Lucas Savalle, Nicolaas Bom
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) imaging is potentially suitable to identify lesions at high risk of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), but it has not been studied systematically. Methods and Results We recruited 200 patients in whom ICUS studies were performed after successful PTCA and related their ICUS parameters to 6-month follow-up quantitative coronary angiography. This was performed in 164 patients (82%), yielding 170 lesions for analysis. The overall incidence of a ≥50% diameter stenosis at follow-up (categorical restenosis) was 29.4%. Quantitative ICUS parameters were weakly but significantly related to follow-up minimal luminal diameter on quantitative coronary angiography (lumen area: R 2 =.36, P =.0001; vessel area: R 2 =.29, P =.0002; plaque area: R 2 =−.18, P =.021; percent obstruction: R 2 =−.15, P =.05), but categorical restenosis was not significantly related to these parameters ( P =.63, .77, .38, and .08, respectively). There were no significant predictors of restenosis in ICUS parameters of plaque morphology: eccentric versus concentric ( P =1.0), plaque type (hard, soft, or calcific, P =.98), or the number of calcified quadrants ( P =.41). There were no significant predictors of restenosis in two predefined types of vessel-wall disruptions: (1) rupture: presence ( P =.79), depth (partial versus complete, P =.85), or extent in quadrants ( P =.6), and (2) dissection: presence ( P =.31), depth ( P =.82), or extent ( P =.38). Conclusions Qualitative ICUS parameters after PTCA did not predict restenosis. A larger lumen and vessel area and a smaller plaque area by ICUS were associated with a larger angiographic minimal lumen diameter at follow-up, but these parameters were not significantly related to categorical restenosis.
Guidelines for the use of spiral computed tomography in screening for lung cancer
Authors: C.I. Henschke, D.F. Yankelevitz, D.I. McCauley, D.M. Libby, M.W. Pasmantier, J.P. Smith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Screening should be considered in lung cancer, more than any other cancer. Not only is the disease highly fatal, essentially incurable, when diagnosed on the prompting of symptoms and/or clinical signs, but its occurrence is also highly concentrated in identifiably high-risk persons. The degree of usefulness of computed tomography (CT)-based screening for lung cancer must be thought of in reference to a particular, presumably optimal, regimen of pursuing early stage diagnosis. This is an algorithm that begins with the initial test (“screening CT”) and ends in either discontinuation of the diagnostic pursuit or in diagnosis of lung cancer. A carefully developed, extensively pilot tested and critically reviewed, updated protocol for CT-based screening for lung cancer is presented here. Its implementation is addressed, together with quality assurance. Finally, the associated curability rate for lung cancer is addressed in the light of what is known or can be surmised from evidence already available. However, recommendation for or against screening requires further information. Principally, the patients risk for lung cancer (in the near future) and the patients life expectancy (when spared of death from lung cancer). These two factors influence when, if ever, to begin screening, and if it is initiated, when to discontinue it. Finally, cost-effectiveness of the screening program should also be considered.
Morbidity and severity of illness during interhospital transfer: impact of a specialised paediatric retrieval team
Authors: J. Britto, S. Nadel, I. Maconochie, M. Levin, P. Habibi
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the morbidity and severity of illness during interhospital transfer of critically ill children by a specialised paediatric retrieval team. <b>Design</b>: Prospective, descriptive study. <b>Setting</b>: Hospitals without paediatric intensive care facilities in and around the London area, and a paediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary centre. <b>Subjects</b>: 51 critically ill children transferred to the paediatric intensive care unit. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Adverse events related to equipment and physiological deterioration during transfer. Paediatric risk of mortality score before and after retrieval. Therapeutic intervention score before and after arrival of retrieval team. <b>Results</b>: Two (4%) patients had preventable physiological deterioration during transport. There were no adverse events related to equipment. Severity of illness decreased during stabilisation and transport by the retrieval team, suggested by the difference between risk of mortality scores before and after retrieval (P&lt;0.001). The median (range) difference between the two scores was 3.0 (−6 to 17). Interventions during stabilisation by the retrieval team increased, demonstrated by the difference between intervention scores before and after retrieval, median (range) difference between the two scores being 6 (−8 to 38) (P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study indicates that a specialised paediatric retrieval team can rapidly deliver intensive care to critically ill children awaiting transfer. Such children can be transferred to a paediatric intensive care unit with minimal morbidity and mortality related to transport. There was no deterioration in the clinical condition of most patients during transfer.
AN UNUSUAL GONOERHEAL COMPLICATION.
Authors: JAMES A. NYDEGGER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —A young Swede, aged 21, of fair habits, who could not recall having ever before been ill, was admitted to the Marine Hospital, New York, June 14, 1905, with the following history: <h3>History.</h3> —Having arrived in port after a somewhat prolonged voyage, he, in company with a number of his shipmates, visited numerous sailors' brothels in lower New York. The result was that a few days later he developed gonorrhea. There was a discharge from the meatus, and a short time after the discharge appeared he noticed a soreness in the right groin, on account of which he applied for relief. <h3>Examination.</h3> —This showed, in addition to the discharge, a slight enlargement and tenderness of one or two of the superficial inguinal glands on the right side. Temperature and pulse were normal. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —Rest in bed, a restricted diet, alkalines administered internally, an ice bag applied over the tender
Recurrent Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: P. E. Balas, A. Billis, S. C. Papastamatis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A CASE of what seems to be a rare clinical variant of "Goldblatt syndrome," reported below, concerns a young woman in whom, six months after a successful reconstructive procedure on the left renal artery for renovascular hypertension, stenosis of the previously normal right renal artery and recurrence of the hypertension developed.Case ReportA.S., a 25-year-old housewife, was quite well until January, 1965, when a severe headache first developed. She was seen by her own doctor, who found an elevated blood pressure (220/120), and put her on treatment, probably hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine. No other clinical findings were reported at that . . .
Abstract 1111: Whole genome bisulfite sequencing reveals tissue-specific DNA methylation in a normal mouse.
Authors: Gary C. Hon, Yin Shen, David F. McCleary, Lee Edsall, Samantha Kuan, Bing Ren
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epigenetic alteration is a hallmark of cancer. In particular, compared to normal cells, the DNA methylomes of cancer cells often exhibit two contrasting phenomena: 1) hypomethylation of large regions of the genome, notably at regions of late replicating DNA; and 2) hypermethylation of focal sites, frequently at CpG-island containing promoters. While this epigenetic variation between cancer cells and normal counterparts has been well documented, the variation between different normal cell types is still unknown. In an effort to better understand the epigenetic variation of a normal individual, we profiled DNA methylation using whole genome bisulfite sequencing in 16 tissues isolated from an individual mouse. We observed a unique distribution of CpG methylation for each tissue, which cluster based on cell lineage and type. Most somatic tissues exhibit a small but consistent decrease in methylation at late-replicating regions of the genome, suggesting the beginnings of global hypomethylation. Our global analysis identified only one-eighth of the genome as tissue-specific differentially methylated regions. Remarkably, the vast majority of these regions exhibit hallmarks of cis-regulatory activity, including: small size (&amp;lt;500 bp), DNase I hypersensitivity, enhancer chromatin modifications (H3K4me1/H3K27ac), and evolutionary conservation. Our results reveal that most somatic cells are primed for global hypomethylation in regions of the genome that are typically hypomethylated in cancer cells, supporting previous observations that hypomethylation may be an indicator of cell age. In addition, our results in normal tissue suggest that hypomethylation in cancer cells could alter transcriptional regulation through disruption of cis-regulatory activity. Citation Format: Gary C. Hon, Yin Shen, David F. McCleary, Lee Edsall, Samantha Kuan, Bing Ren. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing reveals tissue-specific DNA methylation in a normal mouse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1111
The relationship between selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States.
Authors: T J Woodruff, J Grillo, K C Schoendorf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Recent studies have found associations between particulate air pollution and total and adult mortality. The relationship between particulate air pollution and mortality among infants has not been examined in the United States. This study evaluates the relationship between postneonatal infant mortality and particulate matter in the United States. Our study involved analysis of cohorts consisting of approximately 4 million infants born between 1989 and 1991 in states that report relevant covariates; this included 86 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics-linked birth/infant death records were combined at the MSA level with measurements of particulate matter 10 microns or less (PM10) from the EPA's Aerometric Database. Infants were categorized as having high, medium, or low exposures based on tertiles of PM10. Total and cause-specific postneonatal mortality rates were examined using logistic regression to control for demographic and environmental factors. Overall postneonatal mortality rates were 3.1 among infants with low PM10 exposures, 3.5 among infants with medium PM10 exposures, and 3.7 among highly exposed infants. After adjustment for other covariates, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total postneonatal mortality for the high exposure versus the low exposure group was 1.10 (1.04, 1.16). In normal birth weight infants, high PM10 exposure was associated with respiratory causes [OR = 1.40, (1.05, 1.85)] and sudden infant death syndrome [OR = 1.26, (1.14, 1.39)]. For low birth weight babies, high PM10 exposure was associated, but not significantly, with mortality from respiratory causes [OR = 1.18, (0.86, 1.61)]. This study suggests that particulate matter is associated with risk of postneonatal mortality. Continued attention should be paid to air quality to ensure optimal health of infants in the United States.
Bone Marrow Edema and Its Relation to Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: David T. Felson, Sara McLaughlin, Joyce Goggins, Michael P. LaValley, M. Elon Gale, Saara Totterman, Wei Li, Catherine Hill, Daniel Gale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: While factors affecting the course of knee osteoarthritis are mostly unknown, lesions on bone scan and mechanical malalignment increase risk for radiographic deterioration. Bone marrow edema lesions on magnetic resonance imaging correspond to bone scan lesions. Objective: To determine whether edema lesions in the subarticular bone in patients with knee osteoarthritis identify knees at high risk for radiographic progression and whether these lesions are associated with limb malalignment. Design: Natural history study. Setting: A Veterans Administration hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Patients: Persons 45 years of age and older with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Measurements: Baseline assessments included magnetic resonance imaging of the knee and fluoroscopically positioned radiography. During follow-up at 15 and 30 months, patients underwent repeated radiography; at 15 months, long-limb films were obtained to assess mechanical alignment. Progression was defined as an increase over follow-up in medial or lateral joint space narrowing, based on a semi-quantitative grading. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relation of medial bone marrow edema lesions to medial progression and lateral lesions to lateral progression, before and after adjustment for limb alignment. Results: Of 256 patients, 223 (87.1%) participated in at least one follow-up examination. Medial bone marrow lesions were seen mostly in patients with varus limbs, and lateral lesions were seen mostly in those with valgus limbs. Twenty-seven of 75 knees with medial lesions (36.0%) showed medial progression versus 12 of 148 knees without lesions (8.1%) (odds ratio for progression, 6.5 [95% CI, 3.0 to 14.0]). Approximately 69% of knees that progressed medially had medial lesions, and lateral lesions conferred a marked risk for lateral progression. These increased risks were attenuated by 37% to 53% after adjustment for limb alignment. Conclusion: Bone marrow edema is a potent risk factor for structural deterioration in knee osteoarthritis, and its relation to progression is explained in part by its association with limb alignment.
Is the English NHS underfunded?
Authors: J. Dixon, S. Inglis, R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1999)

It has long been known that the NHS in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland receives more funding per head of population than the NHS in England. 12 In 1995-6, for example, Scotland received 25% more, Wales nearly 18% extra, and Northern Ireland 5% more per capita than England. These differences have resulted largely from historical accident rather than differences in need: for the first 30 years of the NHS, public sector resources between countries were allocated on the basis of traditional arm wrestling between the Treasury and the Scottish Office, Welsh Office, and Northern Ireland Office.

In the late 1970s, the Barnett formula was introduced.3 This put the allocation of resources toScotland on a more objective footing. Similar formulas were subsequently introduced for Wales and Northern Ireland. However, these formulas applied to the growth in public funding, and they did not seriously challenge existing historical patterns. Furthermore, they were based principally on population size rather than any other measures of need. The conclusion, drawn a decade ago, that NHS funding in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland is in excess of these countries' entitlement relative to need can still be argued convincingly.4

This state of affairs has an advantage—it provides a useful opportunity for natural experiment. The NHS is broadly similar in each of the four countries, but it is funded at different levels. It is inconceivable that the English NHS could receive, at a stroke, 25% more resources per capita in order to reach Scottish levels. This would require an extra £8.3 billion, more than six times the amount awarded to the NHS in 1997-8. But if it did, what does evidence from Scotland indicate that the extra funds would buy? Do the Scots get more doctors and nurses for their extra funding, or extra treatments? Are …
CATARACT OPERATION IN EXTREME OLD AGE
Authors: R. H. Elliot
Journal: BMJ (1931)

JOURNALposteriorly.X rays showed a well-defined shadow in tho apex of the left upper lobe (Fig. 5).Pneumothorax proved the mass to be intrapulmonary, and, in view of the history, probably a secondary deposit (Fig. 6).The iipper two-third,s of the left upper lobe were removed throtigh an intercostal incision.Apart from some temporary collapse of the left lower lobe, due to a mucus pluag in the bronchus, which was coughed up later, convalescence was uninterrupted (Fig. 7).This patient is alive and symptomless to-day, three years after operation.Occasionally the rapidity of development of secondary deposits of limited extent in the lungs is diminished by deep x-ray therapy, and this treatrrLent should be recommended only when its limitations are fully realized.
Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis with sulphasalazine or a high-fibre diet: a clinical trial.
Authors: P S Davies, J Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Twenty patients with ulcerative colitis in remission were asked to eat a high-fibre diet including 25 g bran daily and, if possible, to discontinue maintenance therapy with sulphasalazine. Only five patients (25 per cent) were able to do this and remained in remission for six months. In contrast,of 15 patients asked to continue susphasalazine and their normal diet 12 (80 per cent) remained in remission. A high-fibre diet is unable to replace sulphasalazine as maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis in remission.
Protection from HIV on electives: questionnaire survey of UK medical schools
Authors: A. J Tilzey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Elective studies are an important part of the medical curriculum.Sixty to seventy per cent of British medical students (2400-3000 a year) spend their electives in developing countries.In 1999 the BMJ published our survey at one teaching hospital of students returning from electives, focusing on risks from bloodborne virus infections. 1 In the same edition a survey of all United Kingdom medical schools showed similar concerns and recommended a national policy on protecting medical students, 2 and an accompanying editorial described students on electives as "unprepared, ill advised, and at risk."The United Kingdom health departments now recommend that healthcare workers, including medical and dental students, intending to work overseas in areas of high HIV prevalence should consider carrying starter packs of HIV postexposure prophylaxis.They also recommend that information on bloodborne virus infection control should be included in the medical curriculum.
Vaccine tests to begin in Ebola countries this year
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Trials of two candidate Ebola vaccines have been fast tracked and will now begin in west Africa in December, the World Health Organization has said.

A meeting of officials from the affected countries, donors, manufacturers, funding agencies, and civil society representatives met on 23 October and agreed that clinical trials could begin in December, bringing the trial start date forward a month.

The two vaccines are cAd3-ZEBOV, a chimpanzee derived adenovirus vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in conjunction with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and rVSV-ZEBOV, developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada and now licensed to a US company, New Link.1 Phase one safety and immunogenicity trials are currently taking place in the United Kingdom, United States, and Mali and will soon begin in Germany, Switzerland, Gabon, and …
The Increasing Incidence of Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Richard Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Middle ear exudate was obtained by myringotomy or aspiration from 625 suburban children, aged 1 month to 12 years, who had acute otitis media; bacterial pathogens were isolated from 71%.<i>Haemophilus</i>species were isolated from 212 (29%), and<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>from 205 (28%). From 1975 to August 1977, the number of<i>Haemophilus</i>isolates found to be resistant to ampicillin has appreciably increased. Currently, 8% of all cases of acute otitis media in the Washington, DC, area are due to<i>H influenzae</i>resistant to ampicillin. Thirty-one of 35 patients with resistant<i>H influenzae</i>otitis were treated with an erythromycin/sulfisoxazole combination with an impressive clinical response. Twenty-six of these 31 cases had failed to have<i>H influenzae</i>eradicated by an average of ten days of oral ampicillin in recommended doses. (<i>JAMA</i>239:320-323, 1978)
Hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinaemia in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T J de Witte, P J Geerdink, C B Lamers, A M Boerbooms, J K van der Korst
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

In order to evaluate the incidence and aetiology of hypergastrinaemia 53 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were examined for gastric acid secretion, fasting serum gastrin concentration, circulating parietal cell antibodies, and some parameters of the activity of inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. The basal and maximum acid output was found to be subnormal in this group (P less than 0.01), and in 11 of these patients (23%) the fasting serum gastrin levels were raised (P less than 0.05). This hypergastrinaemia correlated strongly with maximum acid output. Only in cases of achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria (maximum acid output less than 2 mmol/l) was the serum gastrin level markedly raised. Two out of 5 patients with achlorhydria were found to have circulating parietal cell antibodies, and 1 had decreased absorption of vitamin B12. No relationship was found between serum gastrin and duration or activity of rheumatoid arthritis; nor was there a relationship between basal serum gastrin and the various antirheumatic drugs administered.
Claude Bernard. Pioneer of regulatory biology
Authors: E. D. Robin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

1978 MARKED the centenary of the death of Claude Bernard, whose ideas have influenced generations of scientists and physicians. During his lifetime he was awarded many honors and was internationally recognized as the supreme example of a physiologist. Despite a personal life filled with much unhappiness, he continued to work productively until his death in Paris on Feb 10, 1878. A specific list of his experimental contributions is extensive. It includes studies on the nature of gastric juice and its role in nutrition, the role of the pancreas in digestion, the relation of the autonomic nervous system to vasomotor control, the physiology of neuromuscular functional transmission (using curare as a probe for these studies), the discovery of glycogen and its relation to glucose metabolism (this work was used to define the general process of internal secretion), the modes of action of carbon monoxide and strychnine, and the invention of both
Rhabdomyolysis with Myoglobinuria
Authors: Ronald P. Kaufman, Peter E. Barry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IDIOPATHIC paralytic myoglobinuria is a rare disease. However, in recent years several cases have been published, bringing the total number reported to 34. The literature contains many excellent and exhaustive reviews of the subject.1 2 3 4 5 6 Of the 34 cases 7 have been associated with a recognizable form of muscular disease. Four of the remaining 27 cases7 8 9 10 were unique in that they were characterized by a single, overwhelming, fatal attack. This report describes a case that falls into this select group.Case ReportL.B. (H.H. 90–24–69), a 42-year-old colored female factory worker, was first admitted to the Hartford Hospital on January 26, . . .