tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Finding the Elusive Psychiatric “Lesion” With 21st-Century Neuroanatomy: A Note of Caution
Authors: Daniel R. Weinberger, Eugenia Radulescu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

The widespread use of MRI has led to a wealth of structural and functional anatomical findings in patients with diverse psychiatric disorders that may represent insights into pathobiology. However, recent technical reports indicate that data from popular MRI research-particularly structural MRI, resting--state functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging--are highly sensitive to common artifacts (e.g., head motion and breathing effects) that may dominate the results. Because these and other important confounders of MRI data (e.g., smoking, body weight, metabolic variations, medical comorbidities, psychoactive drugs, alcohol use, mental state) tend to vary systematically between patient and control groups, the evidence that findings are neurobiologically meaningful is inconclusive and may represent artifacts or epiphenomena of uncertain value. The authors caution that uncritically accepting from study to study findings that may represent fallacies of all sorts carries the risk of misinforming practitioners and patients about biological abnormalities underlying psychiatric illness.
A Specific Chromosome Breakpoint Associated With Mouse Plasmacytomas2
Authors: June S. Shepard, Olive S. Pettengill, Doris H. Wurster-Hill, George D. Sorenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The chromosomes of uncultured cells of the near-diploid mouse plasmacytoma MOPC-31C were studied. The modal number of chromosomes was 44. The tumor lacked two marker chromosomes, reciprocal translocation [rcp t(12;15)], that in previous studies were found to be common to 3 other uncultured myelomas and 1 cultured mouse myeloma. Through the formation of two markers, rcp t(6;15), unique to this tumor, however, the tumor shared with other tumors and their specific markers a common breakpoint in chromosome #15 at band D3/E. This breakpoint has been found in all mouse plasmacytomas examined with banding thus far and is considered of possible importance in the development of this tumor.
Gonadal function following chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: a comparative study of MVPP and a seven-drug hybrid regimen.
Authors: S T Clark, J A Radford, D Crowther, R Swindell, S M Shalet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE AND METHODS Gonadal function was assessed in 89 patients after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD). Thirty-seven patients had received mechlorethamine, vinblastine, prednisolone, and procarbazine (MVPP) and 52 patients, a hybrid combination of chlorambucil, vinblastine, prednisolone, procarbazine, doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide (ChIVPP/EVA). Fifty men (MVPP, n = 21; ChIVPP/EVA, n = 29) with a median age of 26 years (range, 16 to 54) and 39 women (MVPP, n = 16; ChIVPP/EVA, n = 23) with a median age of 30 years (range, 15 to 47) were studied at a median of 30 months (range, 4 to 83) following chemotherapy. RESULTS Semen analysis showed azoospermia in 35 of 37 men, and increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in this group confirmed severe germinal epithelial damage. Analysis of pretreatment semen in 28 men showed azoospermia in one, oligospermia in four (sperm count &lt; 20 x 10(6)/mL), and a normal sperm count in the remaining 23. In the women, 26 of 34 (76%) with a regular menstrual cycle before commencing chemotherapy became amenorrheic following treatment. Menses returned in 10 women, who had a median age of 25 years (range, 21 to 34), and there were two pregnancies in this group. In the other 16, with a median age of 36 years (range, 27 to 47), amenorrhea persisted and premature ovarian failure was confirmed by increased serum gonadotrophins and reduced estradiol (E2) concentrations. Of the original eight women in whom menses were maintained following treatment, two subsequently developed amenorrhea and the clinical and biochemical features of an early menopause. In total, 18 of 34 women (53%) required hormone replacement therapy for chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. CONCLUSION There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency or severity of gonadal dysfunction between MVPP- and ChIVPP/EVA-treated patients. We conclude that both of these chemotherapy schedules cause substantial damage to gonadal function in both sexes.
Pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with distal lesions
Authors: Andrea M. D'Armini, Marco Morsolini, Gabriella Mattiucci, Valentina Grazioli, Nicola Vistarini, Roberto Dore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background

As there are no well-defined criteria to discriminate proximal from distal obstructive lesions in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), the operability assessment for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) remains the major concern.

Aim

The intraoperative classification of CTEPH describes different types of arterial obstruction, based on anatomy and location. We describe our experience with the more distal disease (type 3).

Methods

From 1994, 458 PEAs were performed at our center. From 2005 onward, the operability assessments and the operations were carried out by one surgeon. Into the cohort of 313 consecutive patients (pts) operated from 2005 to 2012, 88 (28%) presented with type 3 CTEPH, and 225 (72%) with type 1 or 2.

Results

The comparison between the 2 groups is shown in table. Thirty-three (37.5%) pts with type 3 disease were younger than 60 years and were severely symptomatic, and would otherwise have been included in lung transplantation (LTx) waiting list.

View this table:



Conclusion

In experienced centers, PEA is a successful and safe operation even when performed in pts presenting with distal CTEPH. Pts should not be considered inoperable unless they have been referred to an experienced surgeon, as they could benefit from conservative surgery instead of LTx.
Successful treatment of recalcitrant cicatricial pemphigoid with a combination of plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide
Authors: None Bohn, None Jonsson, None Holst
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We describe two patients with severe oral cicatricial pemphigoid, one of whom also had severe pharyngeal involvement. Both patients were resistant to treatment with corticosteroids and other standard immunosuppressive therapies. Plasma exchange alone proved to be only temporarily effective, but the combination of plasma exchange with subsequent cyclophosphamide resulted in a remission in both patients. Both patients experienced mild side-effects during the plasma exchange treatment (urticaria and mild hypotension). At present, at follow-up of 6 and 9 years, respectively, the patients have no symptoms of active disease and have not required any further immunosuppressive treatment.
Preferential rejection of the kidney in a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant.
Authors: J C Rice, J J Curtis, D A Laskow, M Botero-Velez
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

A case of selective kidney allograft rejection with stable pancreas function in a patient who received simultaneous kidney-pancreas allograft from the same donor is reported. Pancreas function was shown to be normal within the first month posttransplant by both a glucose tolerance test (despite a high corticosteroid dose) and stable urinary amylase values during biopsy-proven acute renal allograft rejection. This patient subsequently rejected his kidney allograft as documented by histopathologic evidence of severe chronic vascular rejection and acute tubulointerstitial rejection, yet his pancreas function remained intact. He subsequently received a six-antigen-matched kidney, continues to have normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance by oral glucose tolerance test, and is without evidence of glucosuria. He has never had a clinical rejection of his pancreas, as evidenced by either a decline in urinary amylase or hyperglycemia, and has not required insulin except in the perioperative period of his second kidney transplant, at which time he was receiving high doses of both corticosteroids and cyclosporin. It is suggested that preferential rejection and subsequent loss of the kidney, although infrequent, do occur in combined renal-pancreas allografts and that maintenance of immunosuppression is justified until retransplant of kidney is available.
Effort and dyspnoea during work of varying intensity and duration
Authors: MC Kearon, E Summers, NL Jones, EJ Campbell, KJ Killian
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

This study quantified the separate contributions of the intensity of exercise and its duration to muscular effort and dyspnoea during cycle ergometry. Six normal subjects estimated the perceived intensity (Borg scale 0-10) of peripheral muscular effort and dyspnoea during incremental exercise to their maximum work capacity (Wcap). On separate days, the same subjects exercised to endurance or 60 min at work rates rated for leg effort on the initial incremental test as: 2 ("slight", 33.1 +/- 1.45% Wcap) (mean +/- SE); 3 ("moderate", omission 83.6 +/- 3.87% Wcap). Perceived leg effort increased by a factor of 4.4 (2(2.13)) with a doubling of work rate and by 1.3 (2(0.39)) with a doubling of duration, as expressed by: Leg effort = k x %Wcap2.13 x Time0.39 (r2 = 0.87) Perceived dysponea increased 5.3-fold with a doubling of work rate and by 1.4-fold with a doubling of duration: Dysponea = k x %Wcap2.41 x Time0.47 (r2 = 0.75) Changes in work intensity, rather than duration, dominated symptom magnitudes such that in the performance of a given task, halving the intensity and doubling the duration of activity reduces the maximal intensity of muscular effort and dyspnoea to less than a third.
Phase II study of S-1, docetaxel and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with unresectable metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Y. Sato, T. Takayama, T. Sagawa, S. Tanaka, S. Takahashi, R. Takimoto, J. Kato, H. Ohnuma, Y. Takahashi, Y. Niitsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4537 Background: Our previous phase I trial demonstrated that combination of docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS) chemotherapy was tolerable and showed a quite high RR (88.2%), with an appreciable downstaging rate in metastatic gastric cancer (Takayama et al, BJC 2007). In this study, we conducted a phase II study to assess the activity and toxicity of the DCS chemotherapy in patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer. Methods: Eligibility criteria were pathologically proven unresectable gastric cancer, PS 0–1, normal organ functions, and no prior treatment. Patients received oral S-1 (40 mg/m2, b.i.d.) on days 1–14, intravenous cisplatin (60 mg/m2) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2) on day 8 every 3 weeks. Patients who achieved down staging underwent surgical resection. Results: Thirty-one patients from eight institutions were enrolled between March 2005 and April 2007. Clinical characteristics were as follows: median age 62 years (range 44–77), PS 0/1: 23/8, females/males: 7/24, well differentiated/undifferentiated adenocarcinoma: 10/21). The objective response rate was 87.1% with 1 complete response (3.2%) and 26 partial responses (83.9%) in 31 assessable patients. There were four stable diseases (12.9%) but no progressive disease. Of these 27 responders, six patients (22.2%) achieved downstaging, and 5 of these received subsequent curative gastrectomy. The median survival time (MST) and progression free survival (PFS) were 575 (95% C.I. 501.6–648.4) and 221 (95% C.I. 168.8–279.3) days, respectively. Grade 3–4 toxicities were: neutropenia in 51.6% (grade 4: 32%) of patients, anorexia in 29%, and nausea in 26.6%. Conclusions: The combination of docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS) chemotherapy is highly active in unresectable advanced gastric cancer, and can be given safely with proper management of adverse events. DCS is one of the most powerful candidates to become standard regimen for unresectable metastatic gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners
Authors: Jeff S. Volek, Daniel J. Freidenreich, Catherine Saenz, Laura J. Kunces, Brent C. Creighton, Jenna M. Bartley, Patrick M. Davitt, Colleen X. Munoz, Jeffrey M. Anderson, Carl M. Maresh, Elaine C. Lee, Mark D. Schuenke, Giselle Aerni, William J. Kraemer, Stephen D. Phinney
Journal: Metabolism (2015)

Many successful ultra-endurance athletes have switched from a high-carbohydrate to a low-carbohydrate diet, but they have not previously been studied to determine the extent of metabolic adaptations.Twenty elite ultra-marathoners and ironman distance triathletes performed a maximal graded exercise test and a 180 min submaximal run at 64% VO2max on a treadmill to determine metabolic responses. One group habitually consumed a traditional high-carbohydrate (HC: n=10, %carbohydrate:protein:fat=59:14:25) diet, and the other a low-carbohydrate (LC; n=10, 10:19:70) diet for an average of 20 months (range 9 to 36 months).Peak fat oxidation was 2.3-fold higher in the LC group (1.54±0.18 vs 0.67±0.14 g/min; P=0.000) and it occurred at a higher percentage of VO2max (70.3±6.3 vs 54.9±7.8%; P=0.000). Mean fat oxidation during submaximal exercise was 59% higher in the LC group (1.21±0.02 vs 0.76±0.11 g/min; P=0.000) corresponding to a greater relative contribution of fat (88±2 vs 56±8%; P=0.000). Despite these marked differences in fuel use between LC and HC athletes, there were no significant differences in resting muscle glycogen and the level of depletion after 180 min of running (-64% from pre-exercise) and 120 min of recovery (-36% from pre-exercise).Compared to highly trained ultra-endurance athletes consuming an HC diet, long-term keto-adaptation results in extraordinarily high rates of fat oxidation, whereas muscle glycogen utilization and repletion patterns during and after a 3 hour run are similar.
PLEUROPULMONARY TULAREMIA
Authors: H J MORGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Article1 October 1947PLEUROPULMONARY TULAREMIAHUGH J. MORGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.HUGH J. MORGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-27-4-519 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a previous communication to the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE from the Vanderbilt University Hospital, Hunt reported observations on 12 cases of pleuropulmonary tularemia treated with streptomycin during a nine months period in 1946.1 Unfortunately, the clinical charts prepared for this publication were lost by the printer and did not appear in Hunt's article.In the present communication selected cases from the Vanderbilt University Hospital material and 15 additional cases of pleuropulmonary tularemia treated with streptomycin in Veterans Administration Hospitals are presented in summary form and discussed briefly. For a more detailed discussion of pleuropulmonary tularemia the reader is referred...Bibliography1. HUNT JS: Pleuropulmonary tularemia: Observations on 12 cases treated with streptomycin, Ann. Int. Med., 1947, xxvi, 263. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nashville, Tennessee*Presented at the Twenty-Eighth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, April 29, 1947.From the Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.I am indebted to Drs. Aubrey B. Harwell and Robert C. Berson of the Thayer Veterans Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, and the Veterans Administration, Washington, D. C., for the data on patients in Veterans Administration hospitals. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTularemiaTularemiaUnspezifische Entzündungen der LungeTularämieRespiratory SystemTularemic PericarditisPLEUROPULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF TULAREMIA: TWO REPORTS OF TULAREMIC LUNG ABSCESSESDie PneumonienTularämieTULAREMIC PERICARDITIS: A REPORT OF TWO CASES INCLUDING ONE OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS*H. CLARKSON MEREDITH JR., M.D. 1 October 1947Volume 27, Issue 4Page: 519-528KeywordsChartsHospital medicineStreptomycinTularemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1947 PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of accelerometers for measuring consecutive bouts in physical activity recommendations
Authors: Menno J. Zuidema, Jorine E. Hartman, Nick H.T. ten Hacken, Matthieu H.G. de Greef, Rob C. van Lummel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Most recommendations for physical activity (PA) are based on subjective self reported measures, although performance-based accelerometers are already available for many years. To meet PA recommendations, subjects need to be physically active in bouts varying from 5 to 20 minutes. However, the influence of bout length and bout interruptions in objectively measured PA status is not exactly known.   Aim:  The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of different consecutive bout lengths and bout interruptions on the PA status using accelerometers.   Methods:  Twenty COPD patients were selected from a larger dataset, based on a large range in PA level. The DynaPort accelerometer (100Hz, ±2g, McRoberts BV, The Hague, the Netherlands) was used for measuring PA during a full week of daily living. Systematically varied bout lengths and interruptions are investigated to examine PA status.   Results:  Bout length of 10 versus 1 minute shows a 71% difference in PA status (91 METs·min vs 317 METs·min) (figure 1a). Bout interruption duration of 0 vs 5 minutes shows a 57% difference in PA status (91 METs·min vs 214 METs·min) (figure 1b).   Conclusion:  This study shows that varying bout length and interruption duration has large impact on PA status. When applying PA recommendations this should be taken into account, particularly in subjects with a sedentary life style.
Cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation.
Authors: B L Kasiske, C Guijarro, Z A Massy, M R Wiederkehr, J Z Ma
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Although cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation, its pathogenesis and treatment are poorly understood. We conducted separate analyses of risk factors for ischemic heart disease, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease after 706 renal transplants, all of which functioned for at least 6 months. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to examine the effects of multiple pretransplant and posttransplant risk factors and included time-dependent variables measured at 3, 6, and 12 months, and annually to last follow-up at 7.0 +/- 4.2 yr. The independent relative risk (RR) of diabetes was 3.25 for ischemic heart disease, 3.21 for cerebral vascular disease, and 28.18 peripheral vascular disease (P < 0.05). The RR of each acute rejection episode was 1.40 for ischemic heart disease and 1.24 for cerebral vascular disease. Among serum lipid levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the best predictor of ischemic heart disease (RR = 0.80 for each 10 mg/dL). Posttransplant ischemic heart disease was strongly predictive of cerebral (5.80) and peripheral vascular disease (5.22), whereas ischemic heart disease was predicted by posttransplant cerebral (8.25) and peripheral vascular disease (4.58). Other risk factors for vascular disease included age, gender, cigarette smoking, pretransplant splenectomy, and serum albumin. Hypertension and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had no effect, perhaps because of aggressive pharmacologic treatment. Thus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease continues to be high after renal transplantation, and multiple risk factors suggest a number of possible strategies for more effective treatment and prevention.
Rare primary chest wall sarcoma: The synovialosarcoma
Authors: Leila Fekih, Hela Kamoun, Ines Akrout, Soraya Fenniche, Mahamed Lamine Megdiche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Malignant primitive tumors of the chest constitute a large group of tumor arising from the lung, the mediastinum, the pleura or the chest wall.  Observation: We report the case of a 37 years old patient, who consults for left chest pain. At the clinical exam, we had noted a right chest wall mass. Chest X ray showed left mediastinal opacity, associated with a pleural homolateral one. Thoracic CT scan, revealed an important mass arising from the chest wall and infiltrating the mediastinum associated with a second chest wall mass at the level of the 8th and 9th right ribs. The biopsy of the chest wall mass had concluded at parietal synovialosarcoma. Patient had receive a chemotherapy based on Ifosfamid and doxorubicin. He also received a mediastino-pulmonary radiotherapy. Evolution was marqued by an improvement in the clinical and radiological states but the patient died because of pulmonary embolism after the 3rd cure.  Conclusion: Chest wall synovialosarcoma had dark prognosis, however, its chemosensibility can improve the prognosis of the patients.
Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts
Authors: Lisa J. A. Heitz‐Mayfield, Niklaus P. Lang
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract This review aims to highlight concepts relating to nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy, which have been learned and unlearned over the past few decades. A number of treatment procedures, such as gingival curettage and aggressive removal of contaminated root cementum, have been unlearned. Advances in technology have resulted in the introduction of a range of new methods for use in nonsurgical periodontal therapy, including machine‐driven instruments, lasers, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and local antimicrobial‐delivery devices. However, these methods have not been shown to offer significant benefits over and above nonsurgical debridement using hand instruments. The method of debridement is therefore largely dependent on the preferences of the operator and the patient. Recent evidence indicates that specific systemic antimicrobials may be indicated for use as adjuncts to nonsurgical debridement in patients with advanced disease. Full‐mouth disinfection protocols have been proven to be a relevant treatment option. We have learned that while nonsurgical and surgical methods result in similar long‐term treatment outcomes, surgical therapy results in greater probing‐depth reduction and clinical attachment gain in initially deep pockets. The surgical technique chosen seems to have limited influence upon changes in clinical attachment gain. What has not changed is the importance of thorough mechanical debridement and optimal plaque control for successful nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy.