tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of L-arginine on ciliary function in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)
Authors: Robert Hirst, Naomi Martin, Mina Fadaee-Shohada, Claire Smith, Gwyneth Williams, Andrew Rutman, Chris O'Callaghan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The nitric oxide synthase substrate, L-Arginine (L-Arg), has been shown to stimulate ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in PCD [1], however it is unclear if this effect was universal to the common phenotypes of PCD or if it could correct the ciliary beat pattern.   Aims:  To study the effect of L-Arg on the ciliary function in 3 different phenotypes of PCD.   Methods:  Nasal brush biopsies were taken from 15 PCD patients (5 inner arm, 7 outer arm, and 3 transposition defects) and 3 controls. The strips of ciliated epithelium were subjected to medium 199 Control or 5mM L-Arg for 10min at 37°C. The cilia were visualised by a light microscope and recorded using a high speed video. The recordings were analysed in a blinded fashion and were replayed at reduced rate for determination of CBF and cilia tip distance travelled.   Results:  L-Arg treatment significantly (p>0.05) increased the CBF (from 5.6±1 to 8.3±1.5Hz) and tip distance travelled by the cilia (from 0.35±0.09 to 0.52±1.2cm) in all 15 PCD patients studied. Individual phenotypes of PCD showed a variable response to L-Arg. CBF and tip distance travelled by the inner dynein arm defects were significantly (p>0.05) increased by L-Arg treatment (CBF from 6.3±1.2 to 9.6±1.1Hz; tip distance from 0.44±0.15 to 0.67±0.2cm). The CBF and tip distance of the cilia from the other defects were not statistically different.   Conclusion:  L-Arg increased CBF and ciliary tip distance in PCD, an effect that was increased in those with inner dynein arm defects. The mechanism and physiological significance of the changes remain to be determined.   Reference:   1Loukides, S., et al. Effect of arginine on mucociliary function in PCD. Lancet 1998;352(9125):371-2.
Skin Clips are Contraindicated when there is Nickel Allergy
Authors: A M M Oakley, F A Ive, M M Carr
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Four patients are described who developed generalized dermatitis following surgical wound closure with disposable skin clips. In 3 of them a vesicular palmar eczema was a prominent feature. They were found to have contact allergy to nickel, a component of the clips. If skin clips are to be used to close a surgical wound, it should be established that the patient is not allergic to nickel.
Lung recruitment maneuver with and without nebulized albuterol for acute lung injury
Authors: Mohamed Badawy, Salah Asida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  : β2-Adrenoceptor agonists accelerate resolution of pulmonary edema in experimental and clinical studies. We tested the hypothesis that nebulized albuterol when combined with lung recruitment maneuver would improve oxygenation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and /or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during mechanical ventilation and accelerate resolution of pulmonary edema.  Patients and Methods:  A randomized controlled study of50 patients admitted to the ICU for ALI and /or ARDS. They were assigned to two groups and subjected to lung recruitment maneuver by increasing peak airway pressure 10 cm water above the lower infliction point of the pressure volume curve or above the pre-recruitment PEEP level for 10 minutes. In albuterol group :(25 cases) albuterol was nebulized through the endotracheal tube while in the control group (25 cases )10 ml saline ( placebo ) were nebulized instead of albuterol. This regimen was repeated every 8 hours for 3 days. Alveolar fluid samples were withdrawn before lung recruitment and one hour after recruitment with albuterol ( or saline ) nebulization for protein concentration measurement in the alveolar fluid.  Results :  we found significant difference between the two groups regarding PaO2 ( P=0.003) and PaO2/ FiO2 ( P= 0.023) . No significant difference was found regarding alveolar fluid clearance and alveolar protein concentration.  Conclusion:  nebulised albuterol improved oxygenation but not alveolar fluid clearance when combined with lung recruitment in ALI or ARDS.
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Deep T-Wave Inversions
Authors: Kevin K. Manocha, David Snipelisky, Nandan S. Anavekar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The long-term prognostic value of extracted thrombus and hemodynamics and in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nika Skoro-Sajer, Gerald Hlavin, Patrick Nierlich, Roela Sadushi-Kolici, Walter Klepetko, Irene Lang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is surgically treatable by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). The purpose of this study was to assess the role of RV afterload parameters compared with the quantity of extracted thrombi on long-term survival in patients with CTEPH undergoing PEA.  Methods and Results: We monitored steady flow parameters (pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), steady component of afterload (SCA =mPAP-mPCWP), pulmonary vascular pressure gradient (PVG=dPAP-mPCWP)) and pulsatility parameters (pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC=stroke volume/sPAP-dPAP), pulsatile component of afterload (PCA=mPAP-dPAP)) prior to and within 3 days (immediate) after PEA in 110 consecutive patients, who were followed for 34.5 (11.9; 78.3) months. The quantity of extracted vascular obstructions were expressed as the total number and total length of small-vessel thrombus appendages, and correlated inversely with immediate postoperative PVR (p  Patients with immediate PVR  Conclusions: Steady flow parameters PVR, SCA and PVG assessed immediately postoperative were predictors of long-term survival in CTEPH patients undergoing PEA. PVR was the most important hemodynamic predictor of survival, and was correlated with the number of thrombus limbs extracted from the distality.
Neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre electrophysiological and clinical study
Authors: JA Jarratt, CN Morgan, JA Twomey, R Abraham, PC Sheaff, JB Pilling, J Payan, JD Mitchell, O Tang, F Arnaud, al. et
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

The incidence and type of neuropathy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were assessed. In a selected group of 89 patients, abnormal nerve conduction studies were found in 44%. Electrophysiological signs of a generalized peripheral neuropathy were found in 5-18%, depending on diagnostic criteria. Lesions which were thought to be due to compression or other forms of trauma were present in a further 24%. In the patients with peripheral neuropathy, the changes were distally predominant, affected mainly sensory fibres, and were consistent with an axonal type of neuropathy. There was a significant correlation between age and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy. Electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy was three times as common as clinical evidence. Much of the variation in the reported incidence of neuropathy in COPD is probably due to imprecise diagnostic criteria.
Bipolar Affective Disorder and Alcoholism
Authors: JAMES R. MORRISON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The author reports that the percentage of manic-depressive patients admitted to an acute care psychiatric service who were also diagnosed as alcoholic was not significantly different from the rate of alcoholism for the entire psychiatry service. Demographic factors, symptoms, and course of the affective illness did not distinguish alcoholic from nonalcoholic patients. The data do not support a causal relationship between the two illnesses, both of which might be considered primary in an individual patient.
Could facial interface have an impact on efficacy of non-invasive ventilation (NIV)?
Authors: Caroline Abdulmalak, Claudio Rabec, Marjolaine Georges, Thomas Maitre, Ntumba Kabeya, Adeline Metchedjin, Philippe Camus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Nasal (NM) or facial (FM) masks could be used to provide CPAP and NIV treatment. Nevertheless, FM may not be effective in a subset of patients (p) with sleep apnea¹. In a cohort study we compared the efficacy of NM and FM in a subset of p initially treated by FM in whose obstructive events (OE) persisted despite a high level of expiratory pressure.  Methods  We randomly performed a polysomnography (PSG) on NM and FM in patients primarily treated by FM and in whose OE persisted despite pressure ≥ 12cm H2O in p on CPAP, or EPAP ≥ 10 cm H20 in those on bilevel or assisted servo ventilation (ASV). In patients on CPAP, both PSG were performed by using an AutoCPAP mode (6-18 cm), whereas in NIV and ASV p, EPAP was set at currently used levels.  Results  We included 54 p (age 74±2.9, BMI 33±2.4, 32 M / 22 F, basal AHI 55±9.4) fulfilling the inclusion criteria (35 on CPAP, 17 on bilevel, 2 on ASV). 9 p were excluded (5 reject to participate, 4 did not tolerate NM). Among the 45 remaining, 33 showed a significant difference in AHI between both masks (total: FM 44±17, NM 9±0.6; OE: FM 37±2, NM 4.4±2.4 p  Conclusion  This study suggest that, in a subset of patients, FM can impact the efficacy of both CPAP and NIV  ¹ Schorr, Eur Resp J 2013:40; 503.
EPIBACDIAL
Authors: B Hoen, A Paul-Dauphin, D Hestin, M Kessler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Bacteremic infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients. New developments in managing these patients (erythropoietin therapy, nasal mupirocin, long-term implanted catheters, and synthetic membranes) may have altered the epidemiologic patterns of bacteremia in dialysis patients. This multicenter prospective cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the current incidence of and risk factors for bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients in France. A total of 988 adults on chronic hemodialysis for 1 mo or longer was followed up prospectively for 6 mo in 19 French dialysis units. The factors associated with the development of at least one bacteremic episode over 6 mo were determined using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Staphylococcus aureus (n=20) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=15) were responsible for most of the 51 bacteremic episodes recorded. The incidence of bacteremia was 0.93 episode per 100 patient-months. Four risk factors for bacteremia were identified: (1) vascular access (catheter versus fistula: RR=7.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 15.6); (2) history of bacteremia (> or =2 versus no previous episode: RR=7.3; 95% CI, 3.2 to 16.4); (3) immunosuppressive therapy (current versus no: RR=3.0; 95% CI, 1.0 to 6.1); and (4) corpuscular hemoglobin (per 1 g/dl increment: RR=0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9). Catheters, especially long-term implanted catheters, were found to be the leading risk factor of bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients. There was a trend toward recurrence of bacteremia that was not associated with chronic staphylococcal nasal carriage. Synthetic membranes were not associated with a lower risk of bacteremia in this population of well dialyzed patients, but anemia linked to resistance to erythropoietin appeared to be a possible risk factor for bacteremia.
Phase II randomized study of cisplatin plus etoposide phosphate or etoposide in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: J D Hainsworth, N Levitan, G L Wampler, C P Belani, M S Seyedsadr, J Randolph, L P Schacter, F A Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE This randomized phase II study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of etoposide phosphate when used in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated small-cell lung cancer were randomized to receive cisplatin in combination with either etoposide or etoposide phosphate. Molar-equivalent doses of etoposide and etoposide phosphate were used. Response rate, time to progression, survival, and toxicity were compared. RESULTS Major response rates with etoposide phosphate and etoposide were 61% (95% confidence interval, 55% to 67%) and 58% (95% confidence interval, 52% to 64%), respectively (P = .85). No significant differences in median time to progression or survival were observed in patients who received etoposide phosphate versus etoposide. Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia occurred in 63% of patients who received etoposide phosphate compared with 77% who received etoposide (P = .16). CONCLUSION The combination of etoposide phosphate and cisplatin is effective in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer, and can be administered with acceptable toxicity. Although this study was not designed to be a formal comparative trial, the efficacy and toxicity observed with this regimen were found to be similar to a standard etoposide/cisplatin regimen, using molar-equivalent etoposide doses. Because of its greater ease of administration, etoposide phosphate is preferable to etoposide for routine clinical use.
Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: CLEAR, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Diamant Thaçi, Andrew Blauvelt, Kristian Reich, Tsen-Fang Tsai, Francisco Vanaclocha, Külli Kingo, Michael Ziv, Andreas Pinter, Sophie Hugot, Ruquan You, Marina Milutinovic
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)

Secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, has shown superior efficacy to etanercept with similar safety in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (FIXTURE study).We sought to directly compare efficacy and safety of secukinumab versus ustekinumab.In this 52-week, double-blind study (NCT02074982), 676 subjects were randomized 1:1 to subcutaneous injection of secukinumab 300 mg or ustekinumab per label. Primary end point was 90% or more improvement from baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (PASI 90) at week 16.Secukinumab (79.0%) was superior to ustekinumab (57.6%) as assessed by PASI 90 response at week 16 (P < .0001). The 100% improvement from baseline PASI score at week 16 was also significantly greater with secukinumab (44.3%) than ustekinumab (28.4%) (P < .0001). The 75% or more improvement from baseline PASI score at week 4 was superior for secukinumab (50.0%) versus ustekinumab (20.6%) (P < .0001). Percentage of subjects with the Dermatology Life Quality Index score 0/1 (week 16) was significantly higher with secukinumab (71.9%) than ustekinumab (57.4%) (P < .0001). The safety profile of secukinumab was comparable with ustekinumab and consistent with pivotal phase III secukinumab studies.The study was not placebo-controlled and of short-term duration.Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis and improving health-related quality of life with a comparable safety profile over 16 weeks.
Always look on the bright side
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

As I write this Christmas missive, Australia has just defeated England in Perth to win back the Ashes (cricket test series), and the expectation is that the remainder of the series will be a 5–0 whitewash. A nice result, one could say. Now once we get the Rugby World Cup trophy back home where it belongs, the world will return to normal.

I have written before on the effect of sporting success (and failure) both on the national psyche as well as on cardiovascular mortality.1 Previous studies have demonstrated increased cardiovascular mortality with the outcome of local and national football teams.2,3 At a local level, male mortality (not female mortality strangely) from myocardial infarction and stroke increased on days when the local professional football team lost at home.3 This study, carried out in the north of England, followed the …
Coronary Artery Calcium Improves Risk Classification in Younger Populations
Authors: Andre R.M. Paixao, Colby R. Ayers, Abdallah El Sabbagh, Monika Sanghavi, Jarett D. Berry, Anand Rohatgi, Dharam J. Kumbhani, Darren K. McGuire, Sandeep R. Das, James A. de Lemos, Amit Khera
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)

This study sought to assess the effect of coronary artery calcium (CAC) on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction in a younger population. CAC measured by computed tomography improves CHD risk classification in older adults, but the effectiveness of CAC in younger populations has not been fully assessed. In the DHS (Dallas Heart Study), a multiethnic probability-based population sample, traditional CHD risk factors and CAC were measured in participants without baseline cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Incident CHD—defined as CHD death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization—was assessed over a median follow-up of 9.2 years. Predicted CHD risk was assessed with a Weibull model inclusive of traditional risk factors before and after the addition of CAC as ln(CAC + 1). Participants were divided into 3 10-year risk categories, <6%, 6% to <20%, and ≥20%, and the net reclassification improvement (NRI) was calculated. We also performed a random-effects meta-analysis of NRI from previous studies inclusive of older individuals. The analysis comprised 2,084 participants; mean age was 44.4 ± 9.0 years. CAC was independently associated with incident CHD (hazard ratio per SD: 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51 to 2.38; p < 0.001). The addition of CAC to the traditional risk factor model resulted in significant improvement in the C-statistic (delta = 0.03; p = 0.003). Among participants with CHD events, the addition of CAC resulted in net correct upward reclassification of 21%, and among those without CHD, a net correct downward reclassification of 0.5% (NRI: 0.216, p = 0.012). Results remained significant when the outcome was restricted to CHD death and myocardial infarction and when individuals with diabetes were included. The NRI observed in this study was similar to the pooled estimate from previous studies (0.200, 95% CI: 0.140 to 0.258) and the addition of our study to the meta-analysis did not result in significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). CAC scoring also improves CHD risk classification in younger adults.
Changes in Cellular Lipid Synthesis of Normal and Neoplastic Cells During Cytolysis Induced by Alkyl Lysophospholipid Analogues&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D B Herrmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Susceptibility of eight different cell types of murine or human origins to alkyl lysophospholipid analogue (ALP)-induced cytolysis correlated well with a selective, dose-dependent inhibition of radiolabeled oleic acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and a concomitant stimulation of incorporation into neutral lipids (NL), mainly triacylglycerols. In resistant cells (murine macrophages, L929S, K562, and rMeth A) a counts per minute NL/counts per minute PC ratio of 0.8-1.0 was observed with 30 micrograms ALP/ml; in sensitive tumor targets (Meth A, HL60, YAC, and ABLS-8.1) values greater than 2.7 were found with 5-10 micrograms ALP/ml. Changes in lipid metabolism preceded cytolysis in Meth A fibrosarcoma cells. In degradation experiments the percentage of total lipid radioactivity in PC was reduced after 24 hours to 47% compared to that in controls in sensitive Meth A with 10 micrograms ALP/ml. The macrophage-PC was unaffected at the same concentration. Sensitivity to ALP was independent of cell proliferation. Resistance was not restricted to normal cells and was inducible in Meth A (and rMeth A).
Feasibility of bronchoscopy obtained tissue for tumor diagnosis and testing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational status
Authors: Rafael López Castro, Henar Borrego, Carlos Disdier, Isabel Palomo, Beatriz Peláez, Diego Soto de Prado, David Vielba, Angel Cilleruelo, Isabel Ramos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction   Main priority with small biopsies or cytology is morphological diagnosis. Clinical guidelines recommend determination of EGFR mutational status in patients harboring advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung-cancer (NSCLC). Molecular approaches make critical to optimize the specimen. Since march910 we are determining EGFR mutational status in our center for those patients when indicated. The objective of this study is to analyze the feasibility of samples obtained by bronchoscopy (bronch) in order to test EGFR mutational status since then.   Material and methods   Retrospective and descriptive data of samples obtained by bronch sent for molecular testing of EFGR mutational status in the period between march910 and november912.   Results   56 samples obtained by BRONCH (21 biopsies, 35 cytologies). Morphological diagnosis: adenocarcinoma 61%, undifferentiated NSCLC 37%, NOS 2%. 100% of samples valid for molecular testing (representative and quality). Samples obtained by bronchial biopsy (36%), Fine needle transbronchial aspiration (28%), brush biopsy (20%), bronchial washing (11%) and ganglionar puncture (5%). EGFR positivity was 18% (10 patients), divided in exon 19 deletion (30%), exon 21 L858R (50%) and exon 21 L861Q (20%). No rebiopsies were needed to perform molecular test because of low quality material.   Conclusions   All BRONCH obtained samples were valid and accurate for morphological and molecular testing. In our experience, BRONCH plays a relevant and definitive role to in order to manage properly diagnostic tools. We highlight the high proportion of cytologies valid for molecular testing as a part of optimizing management of small biopsies.