tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sensitization of Leukocytes of Cancer Patients Against Fetal Antigens: Leukocyte Migration Studies
Authors: M Zöller, S Matzku, U Schulz, M R Price
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Hypertonic extracts from human fetuses (10--22 wk of gestation) were used to test the sensitizaton of leukocytes from cancer patients against fetal antigens in a direct, microcapillary tube assay system. Leukocytes were simultaneously exposed to a panel of allogeneic tumor extracts and a panel of fetal extracts. Leukocytes from 24 gastric cancer patients, 43 colorectal cancer patients, and 13 lung cancer patients were assayed with extracts obtained from gastric, colorectal, and oat cell carcinomas, respectively, and these extracts were also used with leukocytes from 41 patients bearing tumors of various other organs. Significant migration inhibition by tumor extracts was observed in 81.6% of the tests with gastric cancer, 67.4% of the tests with colorectal cancer, 69.0% of the tests with lung cancer, and 51.2% of the tests with other types of cancer. With fetal extracts, significant migration inhibition occurred in 58.3, 58.7, 59.6, and 54.9% of the tests, respectively. Reactivity against fetal extracts did not depend on the gestation age of the fetuses used for extraction. The conclusion was reached that the leukocytes of most of the cancer patients were sensitized against substances contained in fetal extracts irrespective of the type of tumor of the leukocyte donor. The cross-reactivity pattern suggested that 3-M KCl extracts of whole human fetuses contained a complex mixture of specificities related to the various fetal organs and tissues, which may have represented counterparts to most of the tumor-associated specificities.
Abstract P4-06-06: Growth hormone induction of oncogenic signaling promotes survival of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Heather C Beckwith, Douglas Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Targeting endocrine resistant breast cancer cells has been successfully accomplished by the use of mTORC1 inhibitors in combination with either aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen. While there was preclinical data suggesting that targeting of the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) might also be a target for endocrine resistant cells, clinical trials using IGF1R monoclonal antibodies showed no advantage and even suggested potential harm for the combination. IGF1R inhibition results in the disruption of an endocrine feedback loop and results in elevation of the pituitary growth factor growth hormone (GH). GH is involved in normal human growth, development, metabolism, and longevity. Growth hormone released from the pituitary stimulates production of IGF-I from the liver. The GH/IGF-1 axis is known to promote mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown that GH promotes carcinogenesis independently of insulin-like growth factor. The role of GH in specific subtypes of breast carcinoma remains to be defined. Our laboratory has found that estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines up regulated oncogenic STAT5, Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways in response to GH. Tamoxifen resistant (TamR) and long-term estrogen deprived (LTED) breast cancer cell lines derived from MCF-7 and T47D cells demonstrated increased oncogenic signaling in response to GH compared to the corresponding parental cell lines from which they were derived. In contrast, GH stimulation of a triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) failed to induce signaling via these oncogenic pathways. Although GH treatment of parental, TamR, and LTED breast cancer cells had minimal effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or migration; GH signaling protected cells from cytotoxic chemotherapy induced apoptosis. This data shows that GH signaling is found in endocrine sensitive and resistant cells. Furthermore, GH may function in protecting cells from cell death induced by either endocrine or cytotoxic drugs. GH receptor blockade may be a valid treatment option for endocrine resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: Heather C Beckwith, Douglas Yee. Growth hormone induction of oncogenic signaling promotes survival of endocrine resistant breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-06.
Effect of Proteolytic Enzymes on the Binding of Cobalamin to R Protein and Intrinsic Factor
Authors: Robert H. Allen, Bellur Seetharam, Elaine Podell, David H. Alpers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Cobalamin (Cbl; vitamin B12) malabsorption in pancreatic insufficiency can be partially corrected by bicarbonate and completely corrected by pancreatic proteases but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Because saliva contains enough R-type Cbl-binding protein (R protein) to bind all of the dietary and biliary Cbl, it is possible that R protein acts as an inhibitor of Cbl absorption and that pancreatic proteases are required to alter R protein and prevent such inhibition. To test this hypothesis we studied the ability of R protein and intrinsic factor (IF) to compete for Cbl binding and ability of pancreatic proteases to alter this competition.
Cocarcinogenic Interaction Between d,l -Tryptophan and 4-Aminobiphenyl or 2-Naphthylamine in Dogs 2
Authors: Jack L. Radomski, Teresa Radomski, William E. MacDonald
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Administration of a dietary supplement of 6 g D,L tryptophan/day for 4 1/2 years following the administration of a single dose of 50 mg 4-aminobiphenyl/kg produced a bladder tumor in 1 of 4 beagle dogs. No tumors were observed in 6 dogs given the same dose of 4-aminobiphenyl without supplemental tryptophan. In a second experiment, administration of a supplement of 6 g D,L-tryptophan/day for 3 years following the administration of 5 mg 2-naphthylamine/kg/day for 30 days produced bladder tumors in 2 of 4 dogs. No tumors or other bladder pathology was produced by treatment of 4 dogs with this dose of 2-naphthylamine alone. Dogs given D,L-tryptophan alone developed no bladder tumors, but in most dogs receiving tryptophan the "tryptophan effect", i.e., a darkly stained mucosa with white areas of focal hyperplasia, was observed. Both experiments suggest a role of D,L-tryptophan as a cocarcinogen or promotor in the induction of bladder cancer.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with interstitial lung disease – An useful therapeutic option?
Authors: Patrick Huppmann, Bernd Sczepanski, Martina Boensch, Sandra Winterkamp, Ursula Schönheit-Kenn, Claus Neurohr, Jürgen Behr, Klaus Kenn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for patients with chronic lung diseases by ATS or ERS independent of underlying disease. Data examining the role of PR in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are limited, so far only a benefit of PR in patients with COPD is widely accepted. Aim of our study is to evaluate an in-patient PR in view of functional status and quality of life in ILD-patients.

Methods: 402 ILD-patients (IPF n=202, hypersensitivity pneumonitis n=59, sarcoidosis n=50, rheumatic disease n=24, other n=67) with in-patient PR from 1999 to 2010 in a specialised centre were included. Mean duration of PR was 30±1 days. Pulmonary function, blood-gas analysis, 6-minute-walk test (6MWT), dyspnoea rating with visual-analogue-scale (VAS) and health-related quality of life (SF36-questionnaire) were evaluated on admission and discharge of PR-clinic.

Results: 6MWT showed a significant improvement with 46±3m (admission 308±6m, discharge 354±6m, p<0.001). Dyspnoea rating before and after PR was indistinguishable. Lung function testing showed only a marginal improvement (vital capacity +1.3±0.4%, p=0.001). SF-36-questionnaire demonstrated an increase in all eight subscores as well as in physical and mental health summary scores (physical: +1.8±0.5 points, p<0.001; mental: +6.3±0.9 points, p<0.001). Underlying disease did not show any influence on improvement, but patients with signs of pulmonary hypertension had less improvement in 6MWD (36±5m vs. 49±3m, p<0.05).

Conclusion: PR has a positive impact on functional status and quality of life in ILD-patients. Therefore PR should be considered as a standard of care for patients with ILD.
Regression of C3HBA Mouse Tumor Due to X-ray Therapy Combined With Supplemental β-Carotene or Vitamin A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Seifter, G Rettura, J Padawer, F Stratford, P Goodwin, S M Levenson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Male CBA/J mice, ingesting a vitamin A- and β-carotene-sufficient laboratory chow, were inoculated in a hind limb with 2×105 C3HBA adenocarcinoma cells. When the mean tumor size was 6.2 mm, the mice were divided randomly into groups; some groups received supplemental vitamin A or β-carotene, some received 3,000 rad local radiation to the tumor, and others received both radiation and one of the supplements. All mice that received only radiation or one of the dietary supplements died within 3 months. When local irradiation and supplemental vitamin A or β-carotene were coupled, “complete” tumor regression occurred in every case (12/12), and tumor regrowth in and death of the mice occurred in only 1 of 12 in each of these groups during the succeeding 12 months. One year after irradiation and dietary supplementation, half the surviving mice were switched back to the control chow. During the next year, none of the mice remaining on the vitamin A or β-carotene supplements developed tumors; however, of 6 mice switched from vitamin A, 5 had tumors that reappeared. In contrast, tumors recurred in only 2 of 6 mice after they were switched from β-carotene. A second experiment yielded similar results. These results show that both vitamin A and β-carotene supplementation added remarkably to the antitumor effect of local irradiation. β-Carotene supplementation produced a greater residual antitumor action than vitamin A supplementation after the supplements were discontinued, which may have been due to greater tissue storage of β-carotene.
Monitor to investigate CCGs’ contract decision in test case:
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Monitor, regulator of the NHS in England, is launching an investigation into a commissioning decision made by four clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in London, after a private sector provider that lost out on a contract complained.

Monitor said that it would decide whether the CCGs’ actions in commissioning the elective care services were in the interests of patients, in accordance with the NHS rules on procurement, choice, and competition.

The BMA called the action a “test case” in how greater competition in the NHS, introduced by the Health and Social Care Act 2012, was being applied and said that it would have an effect on other CCGs around the country.

Richard Vautrey, deputy chair of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee, told The BMJ , “A worry that CCGs and GPs in general have had about …
The effect of phosphoramidon and epithelium removal on toluene diisocyanate-induced contractions in guinea-pig bronchi
Authors: CE Mapp, A Boniotti, A Papi, P Chitano, M Saetta, A Di Stefano, A Ciaccia, LM Fabbri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

To evaluate the role of airway neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) and epithelium removal in the contraction of airway smooth muscle in response to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), we studied the effects of the NEP inhibitor, phosphoramidon, on TDI-induced contractions of guinea-pig bronchial rings with intact epithelium and without epithelium. In preparations with intact epithelium, phosphoramidon (10 microM) potentiated the contractile response to TDI (0.3 mM) (mean +/- SEM, 23.7 +/- 2.5% versus 67.9 +/- 10.3%, p less than 0.01). Phosphoramidon also increased TDI-induced contractions in tissues without epithelium (36.9 +/- 4.9% versus 52.5 +/- 7.1%, p less than 0.05). Removal of the epithelium increased the contractile response to TDI (23.7 +/- 2.5% versus 36.9 +/- 4.9%, p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate the response to TDI is increased in epithelium-free compared to intact bronchi and that NEP 24.11 modulates the effects of endogenously released tachykinins by TDI at all of the sites where NEP is found in the airways.
Calcium Movements in Muscle
Authors: Chandler McC. Brooks, C. PAUL BIANCHI
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The movements of calcium in muscle have been followed during contraction and contracture to test the hypothesis that the release of calcium from the surface of the muscle membrane during stimulation initiates the contractile mechanism. Nitrate ion increases the calcium influx during a single twitch and during potassium contracture, and also increases the tension developed. The increased entry of calcium during a potassium contracture is transient and not sustained as is the contracture. Caffeine, which brings about a contracture without depolarization of the membrane and despite the absence of calcium from the medium, causes calcium to be released from the muscle.
Financing Mental Health Services Through Insurance
Authors: CHARLES P. HALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The author sketches the historical development of health insurance in the U.S., noting how the social, technological, and financial constraints on the treatment of mental illness during the early years of private health insurance led to gaps in coveragefor treatment of mental illness. He examines the insurability of mental health benefits by reviewing the limited evidence from plans that have provided such benefits. After reviewing some of the recent legislative proposals for national health insurance, he sets forth the major issues requiring research and resolution and makes some recommendations to mental health professionals.
Prognostic Factors in Localized Primary Synovial Sarcoma: A Multicenter Study of 128 Adult Patients
Authors: Martine Trassard, Viviane Le Doussal, Kamel Hacène, Philippe Terrier, Dominique Ranchère, Louis Guillou, Maryse Fiche, Françoise Collin, Marie-Odile Vilain, Gérard Bertrand, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Xavier Sastre-Garau, Nguyen Binh Bui, Françoise Bonichon, Jean-Michel Coindre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To identify most significant and therapeutically relevant prognostic factors in adults with localized primary synovial sarcomas (SS) and to confirm the usefulness of the French Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) grading system, the prognostic impact of which has been already proven in soft tissue sarcomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data on 128 patients with nonmetastatic SS collected from a cooperative database by the FNCLCC Sarcoma Group between 1980 and 1994 were studied retrospectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed at diagnosis in 77 cases (61%). The tumors were classified as biphasic (n = 45), monophasic fibrous (n = 72), and poorly differentiated (n = 10) subtypes. Histologic grade was determined according to the FNCLCC method, and vascular invasion was assessed in every case. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate for this series of patients with localized SS was 62.9% (± 9.6% [SD]) with a median follow-up time of 37 months (range, 8 to 141 months). In multivariate analysis, the adverse risk factors associated with decreased DSS were International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III/IVA disease, male sex, and truncal tumor locations. For metastasis-free survival (MFS), disease stage III/IVA, tumor necrosis, and monophasic subtypes were the major factors associated with a less favorable prognosis. Separately, when not using disease stage, tumor necrosis, and mitotic activity, histologic grade became the most significant prognostic factor for both DSS and MFS. In addition, larger tumors and older patients become associated with a significantly worse prognosis. Independent adverse risk factors for local recurrence–free survival included histologic grade 3 and truncal tumor location. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that not all SS present the same severe outcome. High-risk patients identified on the basis of these parameters may qualify for an aggressive treatment approach.
Decreased tryptophan and increased kynurenine levels in mastocytosis associated with digestive symptoms
Authors: S. Georgin‐Lavialle, J.‐M. Launay, F. Côté, E. Soucié, A. Soria, G. Damaj, D. S. Moura, D. Canioni, K. Hanssens, M.‐O. Chandesris, S. Barète, P. Dubreuil, O. Lortholary, O. Hermine, H. Sokol
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract The main metabolism pathway of tryptophan is protein formation, but it can also be metabolized into serotonin and kynurenine. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase ( IDO ) is the enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine. Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by mast cell accumulation in various tissues with 57% of patients having gastrointestinal involvement. We studied tryptophan metabolism in mastocytosis patients displaying or not gastrointestinal features and healthy subjects ( n = 26 in each group). Mastocytosis patients with digestive symptoms displayed significantly increased kynurenine level and IDO activity as compared to healthy controls and mastocytosis patients without digestive symptoms. This could be linked to mast cell‐mediated digestive inflammation among patients with mastocytosis. This work is the first focusing on kynurenine pathway in a mast cell disease and could help to understand the pathogenesis of digestive features in mastocytosis as well as in other mast cell‐mediated diseases.
Novel proteomic biomarkers in the evaluation of childhood asthma
Authors: Honghua Lu, Liping Peng, Dan Li, Xiaoyan He, Shucheng Hua, Li Liu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: proteomic markers may be useful in evaluating the severity of childhood asthma.  Aim: using proteomic method upon plasma of stable asthmatic children to find asthma related biomarkers.  Methods: two dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was used to separate and screen plasma samples of stable asthmatic children (4 groups according to GINA) and healthy controls for differential expression of proteins. The candidate proteins were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, then were validated by ELISA in another large pediatric population.  Results: 36 proteins were found differentially expressed between 4 asthmatic groups and healthy control (p  Conclusions: a panel of 4 biomarkers AT-III, alpha 2- MG, CD5L, C3 relate with childhood asthma disease severity. The combination of which is powerful in evaluating and monitoring childhood asthma progress.
Thyroid Tumors Following Thymus Irradiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R E Shore, E Woodard, N Hildreth, P Dvoretsky, L Hempelmann, B Pasternack
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

About 2,650 persons who received X-ray treatment for purported enlarged thymuses in infancy and 4,800 sibling controls have been followed by mail questionnaire for an average of 29 years to observe their incidence of thyroid tumors. The follow-up rate in the latest survey was 88% in both groups. The radiation doses to the thyroid gland ranged from 5 to over 1,000 rad, with 62% receiving less than 50 rad. To date 30 thyroid cancers and 59 benign thyroid adenomas have been detected in the irradiated group, as compared with 1 thyroid cancer and 8 adenomas in the control group. The relative risks in the irradiated group were about 45 for thyroid cancer and 15 for benign thyroid adenomas. The dose-response curve for thyroid cancer was essentially linear, although a linear-quadratic curve could not be ruled out. For thyroid adenomas the risk per rad was somewhat greater at lower doses than at high doses. For both thyroid cancers and adenomas the absolute excess risk per rad was two to three times as great in females as males. Within the limitations imposed by the treatment regimens and the sample size, there was no indication of a "sparing" effect due to dose fractionation for either thyroid cancers or adenomas. There was an excess risk for both malignant and benign thyroid tumors for at least 40 years post irradiation. For thyroid cancer the radiogenic risk appeared to be additive with respect to time, rather than the age-specific natural rates of cancer being multiplied.
Ultrastructural Studies of Cell-Virus Interaction in Reptilian Cell Lines. II. Distribution, Incidence, and Factors Enhancing the Production of Intramitochondrial Virions 2
Authors: Philip D. Lunger, H. Fred Clark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Intramitochondrial virions (IMV) of identical morphology were observed by thin-section electron microscopy in 3 reptilian cell lines: VSW, VH-2, and GL-1. Two factors—supraoptimal incubation temperatures and rhabdovirus superinfection—significantly enhanced the production of these particles in VSW cells. Moderate enhancement of IMV in VH-2 cells was achieved by higher incubation temperature; IMV incidence in VH-2 and GL-1 cell lines was somewhat increased by incubation with a supernatant derived from a spleen cell culture of a corn snake with a C-type virus-producing sarcoma.
Effect of experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin on the lung fatty acid composition in Wistar rats
Authors: Anouar Abidi, Moncef Feki, Sloua Ben Khamsa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Many recent studies are directed towards the use of natural substances for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and of these fatty acids.  The main our study was first to verify the normal composition of fatty acids in the lungs and collect the effect of experimental fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats on the latter.   Methods:  A total of twenty males wistar rats which received water and food ad libitum, were divided randomly into two groups: untreated group (G1, n=10) and treated group; (G2, n=10).  Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in all treated rats (G2) by bleomycin (4 mg/kg, single dose) administered intratracheally.  Three day later, all rats were sacrificed, lungs were extracted and blood was collected for analysis of fatty acid composition in the lungs and red cells of rats studied, and this by using the technique of gas chromatography (GC).   Results:  The statistical of independent-samples T test revealed that bleomycin alters significantly the composition means of various fatty acids in treated group (G2) compared to untreated group (G1) as shown in the figures below.   Conclusion:  These results confirm that bleomycin affects the fatty acid composition of lung giving the opportunity to test the effects of substances rich in fatty acids on pulmonary fibrosis models in rats.
Intratracheal fiber glass instillation in rats: Bronchoalveolar lavage interleukinl8 levels
Authors: Bianca Domokos Hancu, Monica Pop, Mihai Iliesu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Fiberglass (FG) is the largest category of man –made mineral fibers (MMVFs). Many tipes of FG are manufactured for specific uses building insulation,air handling,filtration and sound absorbtion. Because of increasing use and potential for widespread human exposurea chronic toxicity instillation study was conducted in Wistar rats, which were found to be sensitive to the induction of mesotheliomas with another MMVF. Four groups of 8 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The animal were devided into three groups per 8 exposed to different doses of FG and one controll group. First group (1-8) was exposed to 6mg dose/0.2ml saline 5days/week 10 weeks; the second (9-16) group was exposed to 10mg/0.2 ml saline 5 days/week 10 weeks, the third group (17-24)was exposed to 12 mg FG/0.2 ml saline solution 5 days/week 10 weeks and the controll group (25-32) was exposed to the same volume of saline. The fibers had been size selected to be rat respirable: length