tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE X-RAY DIAGNOSIS OF ENTEROPTOSIS
Authors: EDWARD HOLMAN SKINNER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

result by such I real ment was seen in some of the one hundred cases previously mentioned.A bandage was Ordered for nineteen patients in whom the history indi¬ cated a congenital origin; live were much relieved, ten a little relieved and four experienced no relief.About 2Ö per cent, though! it worth while to wear a bandage.13rugs may be employed, as iron, mix vómica, physos- tigniin, and also laxatives, of which the most effective is rhubarb.Now and then sedatives of mild form, as the hioinids, sumliiil and valerian, may be judiciously em¬ ployed.We must pause a moment to consider the congenital visceroptosis, on which acquired physical conditions are engrafted, which lead to obstructive symptoms, chronic constipation and its secondary disorders.A different * Bacteriologic examinations by Mr. Carl Ten Broeck and Mr.
Residual stress ischaemia is associated with blood markers of myocardial structural remodelling
Authors: Anca Radauceanu, Frédéric Moulin, Wassila Djaballah, Pierre Y. Marie, François Alla, Brigitte Dousset, Jean M. Virion, Josette Capiaumont, Gilles Karcher, Etienne Aliot, Façez Zannad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Sickle-Cell Anemia Associated with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Howard A. Pearson, Gerold L. Schiebler, L. Jerome Krovetz, Thomas D. Bartley, J. K. David
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE fundamental defect of sickle-cell disease is a mutation that leads to substitution of a valine for a glutamic acid residue in the beta chains of hemoglobin.1 When red cells containing the chemically altered hemoglobin S are deoxygenated, elongated hemoglobin tactoids form, resulting in the distorted sickle cell. Sickled red cells increase blood viscosity and obstruct small blood vessels mechanically. A straightforward relation between oxygen tension and hemoglobin S forms the basis of most theories of the pathogenesis of sickle-cell disease.2 This report describes a unique patient who had both homozygous hemoglobin S and cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Our studies . . .
HLA Class II transgenic mice as models to study the allergenicity of bacterial protease Y217L BPN'*1
Authors: E.S. Finn, S.P. Chapoval, A. Xue, V.R. Chowdhary, E.V. Marietta, T.A. Gaffey, A.C. Pursifull, C.S. David
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Infective endocarditis in elderly patients: results from the large multicenter FRIEND study (French Italian endocarditis study)
Authors: Giovanni Di Salvo, Franck Thuny, Valerie Rosenberg, Valeria Pergola, Genevieve Derumeaux, Olivier Belliard, Jean-François Avierinos, D. Iarussi, Ariel Cohen, Gilbert H. Habib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Multi-Institutional Validation of the Predictive Value of Ki-67 Labeling Index in Patients With Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: V. Margulis, Y. Lotan, P. I. Karakiewicz, Y. Fradet, R. Ashfaq, U. Capitanio, F. Montorsi, P. J. Bastian, M. E. Nielsen, S. C. Muller, J. Rigaud, L. C. Heukamp, G. Netto, S. P. Lerner, A. I. Sagalowsky, S. F. Shariat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Several small single-center studies have reported a prognostic role for Ki-67 labeling index in advanced urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. To investigate whether Ki-67 was a useful biomarker of oncological outcome after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma, we assessed its expression in tumor tissue from 713 patients treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy at six centers. A high Ki-67 labeling index was independently associated with established features of aggressive urothelial carcinoma, disease recurrence, and cancer-specific survival. Addition of Ki-67 labeling index improved the accuracy of standard multivariate outcome prediction models, as measured by Harrell concordance index, by 2.9% for disease recurrence and 2.4% for bladder cancer–specific survival ( P < .001, two-sided Mantel–Haenszel)—a statistically and potentially clinically significant margin. In conclusion, routine assessment of Ki-67 expression status along with assessment of other established predictors of urothelial carcinoma outcome has the potential to improve identification of patients who are at increased risk for disease progression after radical cystectomy and thus may benefit from perioperative systemic chemotherapy.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition Attenuates Asthma in Mice
Authors: Zhang Bao, Shuhui Lim, Wupeng Liao, Yuzhi Lin, Christoph Thiemermann, Bernard P. Leung, W. S. Fred Wong
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB has been associated with the development of asthma. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is known to regulate the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB.We hypothesized that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta may have anti-inflammatory effects in allergic asthma.BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin developed airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for total and differential cell counts, and for cytokine and chemokine levels. Lung tissues were examined for cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion, and for the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Airway hyperresponsiveness was monitored by direct airway resistance analysis.Intravenous administration of 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a selective glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitor, significantly inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in total cell counts, eosinophil counts, and IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin levels recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a dose-dependent manner. TDZD-8 substantially reduced the serum levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE. Histologic studies showed that TDZD-8 dramatically inhibited ovalbumin-induced lung tissue eosinophilia and airway mucus production. TDZD-8 also markedly suppressed ovalbumin-induced mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Muc5ac, and three members of the chitinase family (acidic mammalian chitinase, Ym1, and Ym2). In addition, TDZD-8 significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine. Western blot analysis of whole lung lysates revealed that TDZD-8 markedly attenuated the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappaB subunit p65 from ovalbumin-challenged mice.Our findings suggest that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta may provide a novel means for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
TCT-357 Association between epicardial fat volume with coronary artery plaque characterization
Authors: Kennosuke Yamashita, Masahiko Ochiai, Seitarou Ebara, Toshitaka Okabe, Koichi Hoshimoto, Shigeo Saito, kisaki amemiya, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Myong-Hwa Yamamoto, Naoei Isomura, Hiroshi Araki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P4 Breathlessness and work performance in older adults in Kent
Authors: J. Szram, S. Schofield, A. Woods, P. Cullinan
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3></h3> Dyspnoea and functional limitation due to airway obstruction may adversely affect work performance, particularly, it might be thought, in those with manual occupations. This is likely to have an impact on policies that seek to keep people employed to an older age. A questionnaire was sent to the 20 693 adults aged 51–60 registered with 33 general practitioners in Kent. Of 6732 (33%) respondents, 5315 (79%) were in full or part time paid work; of these, 26% declared breathlessness, a proportion significantly lower than of those not in current employment (43%, p&lt;0.001). Across four categories of increasing breathlessness (modified MRC (mMRC) scale 0–3) was associated with higher levels of self-reported poor work performance, a trend more marked in men (5.0%, 17.4%, 28.6% and 42.9%). General health-related and respiratory-specific work disability shared similar relationships with increasing dyspnoea. Breathless individuals also took more extended sickness absence and were more likely to indicate that they would retire due to ill health (3.2%, 7.8%, 9.9% and 25.0% for mMRC0-3 respectively). Regression analysis confirmed the relationship between breathlessness and work performance in both sexes and indicated that it was independent of age, employment status, physical job demands and a number of psychological traits (Abstract P4 Table 1). Significant modification was observed (p=0.04) when including in the model the interaction term between breathlessness and occupational group in men. Stratum specific OR for occupational group were examined; breathlessness had the largest effect on work performance in managerial, professional and technical occupations rather than those in the more physically demanding plant, process, production and elementary occupations. (Abstract P4 Table 1). The reported prevalence of doctor-diagnosed respiratory disease was low (15%), in particular smoking related lung disease (COPD, 5%). An increased prevalence of impaired work performance was seen in breathless individuals with co-existent respiratory, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disease with highest rates in those with declared lung disease. Dyspnoea, in many cases probably the result of COPD, is strongly and independently associated with sub-optimal performance at work in later life. Strategies to better accommodate employees with breathlessness will be needed if, as planned, the age of the UK workforce does increase.
Increased Renal Perfusion and Kidney Size in Convalescent Burn Patients
Authors: Cleon W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Renal blood flow was elevated in convalescent burn patients shortly before discharge (992 +/- 112 mL/min/sq m in burn patients vs 551 +/- 37 mL/min/sq m in normal subjects; mean +/- SE). Autopsy studies demonstrated that renal enlargement was a constant feature of patients after a prolonged hospital course; the kidneys of 28 patients who died after 60 days of hospitalization weighed 241 +/- 10 g vs 153 +/- 8 g in control subjects. The increase in renal weight was primarily related to cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. These physiological and morphological findings in thermally injured patients may be a form of renal work hypertrophy following increased protein catabolism accompanying severe injury.
Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline in twins: Influence of genetic factors and drug therapy
Authors: B. Alexanderson, D. A. Price Evans, F. Sjoqvist
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Nineteen identical (monozygotic) and 20 fraternal (dizygotic) sets of twins between 45 and 51 years of age were given nortriptyline orally in doses of 0.2 mg./kg. body weight three times daily for eight days. The steady-state plasma concentrations of nortriptyline were calculated from the mean of the determinations for days 6, 7, and 8. Identical twins, not treated with other drugs, achieved similar steady-state plasma concentrations of nortriptyline in contrast to fraternal twins who were not given other drugs. The intrapair similarity in steady-state plasma concentrations was not found in identical twins simultaneously treated with various drugs during the experiment. Identical and fraternal twins treated with drugs containing barbiturates had considerably lower steady-state plasma concentrations of nortriptyline compared with untreated twins.It is concluded that most of the variability in nor-triptyline steady-state plasma concentration between persons who have not received drugs is genetically determined. Exposure to other drugs also influences the steady-state plasma concentration of nortriptyline, which in a given patient may therefore be determined by a resultant of genetic and environmental factors.
Use of an Endoscopic Suturing Device (the ”ESD”) to Treat Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, After Unsuccessful EndoCinch Endoluminal Gastroplication: Another Failure
Authors: I. Schiefke, S. Neumann, A. Zabel-Langhennig, J. Moessner, K. Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoluminal gastroplication, using the EndoCinch procedure, has emerged as a potential endoscopic antireflux therapy. Although initial results have been promising, the long-term durability of the treatment is uncertain due to suture loss. A new endoscopic suturing device, the "ESD," has been developed that promises excellent visibility and endoscopic control. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the feasibility and efficacy of the ESD method after EndoCinch failure.The study involved 20 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), who had been initially treated with an EndoCinch procedure, but had relapsed after a median of 7.5 months, with lost or dysfunctional sutures and with reflux symptoms that required proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Using the ESD, at least three plications were created at the gastroesophageal junction. Patients underwent endoscopy, 24-hour pH monitoring and esophageal manometry before treatment and 6 months afterwards. In addition, reflux symptoms as well as quality-of-life scores were assessed (using the SF-6 and GERD-HRQL scales).The ESD procedure (median procedure time 45 min) was performed successfully in all patients without major complications. After 6 months only one patient (5 %) still had all sutures in situ, while no remaining sutures could be detected in 3/20 (15 %). No significant changes in reflux esophagitis; 24-hour pH monitoring results (median pH < 4/24 h9.9 % vs. 12.3 %; P = 0.60); manometry findings (median lower esophageal sphincter pressure 7.2 mm Hg vs. 9.9 mm Hg; P = 0.22); PPI use; or reflux esophagitis could be detected after 6 months. While reflux symptoms improved (heartburn severity score 30 vs. 48, P < 0,05), no changes in quality-of-life scores were detected.Endoluminal gastroplication using the ESD is an easy and safe, but unfortunately ineffective procedure for endoscopic GERD treatment. Endoluminal gastroplication techniques clearly need refinements before these therapies can evolve as a treatment option for GERD patients.
Comment on: Goldberg et al. Circadian Variation in the Response to the Glucose Challenge Test in Pregnancy: Implications for Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1578–1584
Authors: Karol Dokus, Silvia Dokusova
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We read with great interest the article by Goldberg et al. (1), in which the authors sought to further characterize the metabolic phenotype of the population of pregnant women with the positive glucose challenge test (GCT) test in relation to the time of day when the test was done. They found that women who had GCT done in the afternoon have a better metabolic function and a lower risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the consecutive oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

In other …
Pneumococcal Infections and Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: J. M. EUSTATIA
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  A serious omission occurred in the article by Maurice A. Mufson, MD, entitled, Pneumococcal Infections (1981;246:1942).  Under the various factors mentioned by the author as those that increase morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections, no mention has been made of sickle cell disease. Patients homozygous for sickle cell disease are at an increased risk of severe pneumococcal infection. 1 One of every 500 black infants born in the United States suffers from one of the sickle cell diseases (1979;241:1145), and bacterial infection (including pneumococcal infections) is the chief cause of mortality during infancy and early life (1974; 230:1145). Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain both the increased susceptibility to infections and the patient's inability to localize the intruding bacteria.  Some of these mechanisms as (functional) asplenia and defects in the immune mechanisms that are responsible for the serious course of (pneumococcal) infections in the patient with
Efficacy and Safety of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Recurrent Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Peter R. Kowey, James A. Reiffel, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Craig M. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, yet there remains an unmet medical need for additional treatment options. Current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy and significant adverse events. Limited data from small trials suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may provide a safe, effective treatment option for AF patients.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (prescription omega-3) for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic AF.Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter trial involving 663 US outpatient participants with confirmed symptomatic paroxysmal (n = 542) or persistent (n = 121) AF, with no substantial structural heart disease, and in normal sinus rhythm at baseline were recruited from November 2006 to July 2009 (final follow-up was January 2010).Prescription omega-3 (8 g/d) or placebo for the first 7 days; prescription omega-3 (4 g/d) or placebo thereafter through week 24.The primary end point was symptomatic recurrence of AF (first recurrence) in participants with paroxysmal AF. Secondary analyses included first recurrence in the persistent stratum and both strata combined. Participants were followed up for 6 months.At 24 weeks, in the paroxysmal AF stratum, 129 of 269 participants (48%) in the placebo group and 135 of 258 participants (52%) in the prescription group had a recurrent symptomatic AF or flutter event. In the persistent AF stratum, 18 participants (33%) in the placebo group and 32 (50%) in the prescription group had documented symptomatic AF or flutter events. There was no difference between treatment groups for recurrence of symptomatic AF in the paroxysmal stratum (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.46; P = .26), in the persistent stratum (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.92-2.92; P = .09), and both strata combined (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.98-1.52; P = .08). Other, secondary end points were supportive of the primary result. A total of 5% of those receiving placebo and 4% of those receiving prescription omega-3 discontinued due to adverse events. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid blood levels were significantly higher in the prescription group than in the placebo group at weeks 4 and 24.Among participants with paroxysmal AF, 24-week treatment with prescription omega-3 compared with placebo did not reduce recurrent AF over 6 months.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00402363.
Helper-free HSV-1 amplicons elicit a markedly less robust innate immune response in the CNS
Authors: John A Olschowka, William J Bowers, Sean D Hurley, Michael A Mastrangelo, Howard J Federoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The development and implementation of direct gene transfer technologies for the study and treatment of chronic CNS disorders inherently requires consideration of vector safety. Virus-based vectors represent the most efficient modalities but harbor the potential to induce vigorous innate and adaptive immune responses when administered in vivo. These responses can arise because of virus particle components, resultant viral gene expression, and/or transgene expression. In the current study, we describe the innate responses elicited upon stereotactic delivery of herpes simplex virus type 1-based amplicon vectors. C57BL/6 mice were injected with sterile saline, β-galactosidase-expressing amplicon (HSVlac) packaged by a conventional helper virus-based technique, or helper virus-free HSVlac. After killing the mice at either 1 or 5 days after transduction, we analyzed them by immunocytochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR for various chemokine, cytokine, and adhesion molecule gene transcripts. All injections induced inflammation, with blood/brain barrier opening on day 1 that was enhanced with both amplicon preparations as compared with saline controls. By day 5, mRNA levels for the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ), chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10), and an adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) had returned to baseline in saline-injected mice and to near-baseline levels in helper virus-free amplicon groups. In contrast, mice injected with helper virus-packaged amplicon stocks elicited elevated inflammatory molecule expression and immune cell infiltration even at day 5. In aggregate, we demonstrate that helper virus-free amplicon preparations exhibit a safer innate immune response profile, presumably as a result of the absence of helper virus gene expression, and provide support for future amplicon-based CNS gene transfer strategies.
Abstract 980: Intrathecal methotrexate induces focal cognitive deficits and alters CNS folate physiology in rats
Authors: Yan Li, Veena Vijayanathan, Maria Gulinello, Peter D. Cole
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In order to reduce the persistent neurologic toxicity of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), many treatment protocols avoid cranial radiation, relying instead on intrathecal chemotherapy to prevent central nervous system relapses. Nevertheless a significant subset of survivors treated without radiation manifest persistent focal deficits in cognitive function. The folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX), a key component of prophylactic intrathecal therapy, is suspected to contribute to treatment-induced cognitive dysfunction. Our goal was to establish a rodent model to isolate the cognitive and neurotoxic effects of MTX after direct administration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: Adult Long-Evans rats were given either intrathecal MTX 0.5mg/kg or artificial CSF via transcutaneous puncture at the level of the cisterna magna. Three days later, all rats subsequently underwent a battery of behavioral tests designed to assess cognitive domains frequently impaired among children treated for ALL, including spatial memory, visual memory, and motor coordination. Indicators of folate physiology (folate and homocysteine) in CSF and serum were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in CSF to assess whether intrathecal MTX induces an inflammatory response. Results: Intrathecal MTX administration reliably produced both visual and spatial memory deficits, without altering general activity or motor coordination. MTX administration was associated with a significant reduction in both CSF and serum folate concentrations, along with an increase in CSF homocysteine. At 24 hours post-injection of MTX, CSF folate decreased by 75% and CSF homocysteine was increased 4-fold, relative to baseline. Intrathecal injection of both MTX and artificial CSF was associated with a significant rise in CSF IL-6 within 6 hours, which then returned to baseline by 24h. Conclusion: We have established an animal model in which intrathecal MTX induces cognitive dysfunction that mimics clinically observed toxicity, in association with a rapid fall in CSF folate and increase in CSF homocysteine. A non-specific, transient increase was seen in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 within CSF. This proinflammatory response does not appear sufficient to cause cognitive deficits, as it was observed among both groups of rats, while toxicity was demonstrated among only those who received MTX. This model will allow us both to further investigate the pathophysiology of treatment-induced cognitive dysfunction and to test protective interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 980.
Common origins of BRCA1 mutations in Canadian breast and ovarian cancer families
Authors: J. Simard, P. Tonin, F. Durocher, K. Morgan, J. Rommens, S. Gingras, C. Samson, J.-F. Leblanc, C. Bélanger, F. Dion, Q. Liu, M. Skolnick, D. Goldgar, D. Shattuck-Eidens, F. Labrie, S.A. Narod
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)