tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein X in the nasal lavage of children during the first 4 weeks of life
Authors: G. Halmerbauer, C. Gartner, D. Koller, M. Schierl, J. Kühr, J. Forster, R. Urbanek, T. Frischer
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) are well established as markers of eosinophil activation. We analyzed ECP and EPX concentrations in nasal lavage fluids (NALF) of 378 neonates during their first 4 weeks of life. Inclusion criteria were a positive history of parental allergy and a positive skin prick test or specific IgE (RAST class > or = 2) against at least one out of a panel of common aeroallergens in one or both parents. Twenty-four infants with no history of parental allergy were used as controls. A volume of 2 ml of 0.9% saline was instilled into each nostril and immediately recovered by a suction device. ECP and EPX were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. In 65 samples of three consecutive lavages, EPX was detected in nine samples (13.8%) in the control group, whereas it was detected in 197/360 samples (54.7%) in the study population. The corresponding figures for ECP were 17/65 (26.2%) in the control group and 173/365 (47.4%) in the study group. Both proteins showed a skewed distribution (median/5-95th percentiles for ECP: 0 microg/l [0-69.4] and EPX: 6.6 microg/l [0-73.2]). The differences between the control group and the study group were statistically significant, regardless of the allergic disease of the parents. In children of allergic parents, activation proteins of the eosinophil granulocyte are released on the nasal mucosal surface in about 50% of the studied population at the age of 4 weeks. This early onset of eosinophil activation in the nasal respiratory epithelium may reflect a genetic predisposition to allergy or early exposure to allergens.
Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Reduces Pain Attentional Bias in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Eric L. Garland, Matthew O. Howard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Chronic pain involves hypervigilance for pain-related stimuli. Selective attention to pain-related stimuli, known as pain attentional bias (AB), can exacerbate chronic pain, prolong suffering, and undermine quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine if a multimodal mindfulness-oriented intervention could significantly reduce pain AB among chronic pain patients receiving opioid analgesics. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 67 chronic pain patients were randomized to an 8-week Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) intervention or a social support group intervention and began treatment. A dot probe task was used to measure pain AB. Primary outcomes were pain AB scores for cues presented for 2,000 and 200 ms. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Prior to intervention, participants exhibited a significant bias towards pain-related cues presented for 2,000 ms, but no bias for cues presented for 200 ms. A statistically significant time × intervention condition interaction was observed for 2,000 ms pain AB, such that participants in MORE evidenced significantly reduced posttreatment pain AB relative to pretreatment levels, whereas no significant pre-post treatment changes in pain AB were observed for support group participants. Decreases in pain AB were associated with increased perceived control over pain and attenuated reactivity to distressing thoughts and emotions. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Study findings provide the first indication that a mindfulness-oriented intervention may reduce pain AB among adults suffering from chronic pain. Given the magnitude of chronic pain in postindustrial societies, coupled with the dramatic escalation in prescription opioid misuse, future studies should evaluate MORE as a nonpharmacological means of addressing factors linked with chronic pain.
What Is the Future for Global Case Management Guidelines for Common Childhood Diseases?
Authors: Mike English, J. Anthony G Scott
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Others have made the point convincingly that Millennium Development Goal 4, a reinvigorated commitment to reduce child mortality by two-thirds before 2015, could be achieved if existing interventions were implemented on a massive scale [1,2]. Widespread access to simple therapeutic interventions, in accordance with World Heath Organization (WHO) case management guidelines, is a substantial part of this package. Assuming that the coverage of existing interventions can be improved, what will be the next major challenge? We believe it will be enabling groups of countries, individual countries, or even large states to take increasing responsibility for the future of their case management strategies. Here we bring together insights from a wide range of disciplines to propose a framework for national surveillance, monitoring, and research that could help inform guideline development in low-income settings. Although our focus is on childhood illness, the principles might be applied more widely.
Medicolegal audit in the West Midlands region: analysis of 100 cases.
Authors: C Hawkins, I Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

One hundred medicolegal cases were analysed to obtain quantitative data about diagnoses and the causes of litigation that affect hospital doctors in the National Health Service. Sixteen actions concerned minor problems that are an unavoidable risk of treatment, and 39 were due to natural causes. In other cases it was debatable whether a medical accident or negligence was responsible. At the end of three years 73 actions had been withdrawn, 12 settled out of court, and one lost in court by the plaintiff, and 14 were pending. Of these 14, nine were likely to reach court on charges of negligence. Contributory causes were failure of communication in 27 and matters connected with the patient9s attitude or personality in 20. Because much time and money are spent on cases that should never have started a doctor should sit on the legal aid panel to give advice for medical cases. Also, solicitors should obtain an independent medical opinion when a complaint is first received from a patient. Consent forms should be more informative and give details of what can reasonably be expected from treatment and its possible risks.
THE REACTION OF THE ALBINO RAT TO THE INTRA-AURAL ADMINISTRATION OF CERTAIN BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH MIDDLE EAR DISEASE
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The infective capacity of three bacteria commonly encountered during a study of natural middle ear disease in a rat colony has been determined by direct intra-aural injection in young rats. One week after the introduction of B. actinoides 75 per cent of the rats showed a purulent exudate in the injected middle ear cavity and 65 per cent yielded pure cultures of the organism. With hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci 75 per cent showed a serous or mucoid exudate and 12 per cent yielded the organism in culture. With a diphtheroid 18 per cent showed a gross reaction in the middle ear which was sterile in every case. The experimental findings are discussed in relation to the etiology of middle ear disease.
A Switch in the Expression of Embryonic EMT-Inducers Drives the Development of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Julie Caramel, Eftychios Papadogeorgakis, Louise Hill, Gareth J. Browne, Geoffrey Richard, Anne Wierinckx, Gerald Saldanha, Joy Osborne, Peter Hutchinson, Gina Tse, Joël Lachuer, Alain Puisieux, J. Howard Pringle, Stéphane Ansieau, Eugene Tulchinsky
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Decision aids in clinical practice
Authors: A Cranney
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Decision aids can be a useful format to communicate evidence based information on harms and benefits of therapies to individual patients. When used as an adjunct to the consultation, decision aids can change the format of the consultation process; decision aids are designed to enhance communication and interaction between patient and practitioner—not to replace it. Decision aids are not indicated for each clinical decision or scenario and they may not appeal to all physicians. But trials evaluating decision aids in the United Kingdom concluded that they helped patients use information to clarify …
A family with diffuse partial woolly hair
Authors: A.D. ORMEROD, R.A. MAIN, M.L. RYDER, D.W. GREGORY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We report a family of six individuals with an abnormality of scalp hair characterized by shorter, finer, kinky hairs interspersed with normal hair, throughout the scalp. The abnormality had gone unnoticed in four of the six individuals. Two complained of thinning of the scalp hair.
Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems
Authors: Randy Hanzlick, Debra Combs
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Medical legal investigations in the United States (primarily unnatural or suspected unnatural deaths) are carried out by medical examiner or coroner systems. Medical examiners-usually physicians and generally with training in pathology, medicolegal death investigation, and performance of forensic autopsies-generally have greater expertise in unnatural death investigations than do coroners.To document the locations and implementation year for states and counties that have medical examiner systems that have replaced coroner systems or that are defined in statute and assist coroners in their investigations.Review of published information and national survey in 1997.United States.County medical examiners and state medical examiners or their administrators.The location of states and counties with medical examiner systems, the implementation year for each system, and the proportion of counties and population served by medical examiner systems.A total of 79 of 91 county medical examiners responded. A total of 36 states have at least 1 medical examiner system at the county, district, or state level in which there is no coroner involved in the death investigation process. Only 22 states have medical examiner death investigation systems in place and have no coroners in the state. Among 13 states in which some counties have coroner systems and some have medical examiner systems, medical examiner systems exist in 8% of counties and serve 43% of the population. Medical examiner systems that operate without coroner involvement serve about 48% of the population nationwide. Few state or county medical examiner systems have been implemented since 1990.In this century, medical examiner systems have gradually replaced coroner systems, but such change has slowed in recent years, with medical examiner systems now serving about 48% of the national population.
Modulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo with oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s and related constructs
Authors: Włodzimierz Buczko, Czesław Cierniewski, Anna Kobylańska, Maria Koziołkiewicz, And̀rzej Okruszek, Zofia Pawłowska, Elzbzieta Pluskota, Wojciech J. Stec
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997)
Dual Vasoconstrictor and Vasodilator Innervation of the Uterine Arterial Supply in the Guinea Pig
Authors: CHRISTOPHER BELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The innervation of the extrinsic uterine arterial supply of the guinea pig has been studied using an isolated perfused preparation. The preparation was normally at minimal tone and responded to periarterial stimulation by a vaso-constriction which was mimicked by norepinephrine and abolished by bretylium. Constrictor responses both to stimulation and to norepinephrine were similar in both pregnant and non-pregnant states. In pregnant preparations, raising the tone of the vessels with norepinephrine revealed a powerful dilator response to periarterial stimulation. This response was mimicked by acetylcholine, potentiated by anticholinesterases, reduced by hyoscine, and abolished by-local anesthetic treatment. In contrast, virgin preparations showed only a weak dilator response to stimulation, while the response to acetylcholine even at high concentrations was usually negligible. Histochemical examination of the vessels revealed a dense plexus of fine nerve fibers exhibiting high acetylcholinesterase activity along the main uterine artery. The fibers lay in close apposition to the vascular muscle layer. Nerve fibers exhibited fluorescence for catecholamines were also abundant, but were distributed along the secondary as well as the main arteries. It is concluded that the uterine arterial supply of the guinea pig is innervated by both adrenergic constrictor and cholinergic dilator fibers. The dilator fibers appear to be functional only during pregnancy. The possibility of a noncholinergic dilator innervation is also discussed.
Quantitative determination of aortic regurgitant volumes in dogs by ultrafast computed tomography.
Authors: S J Reiter, J A Rumberger, W Stanford, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Current imaging modalities can provide only a qualitative or semiquantitative measure of the severity of aortic regurgitation. Ultrafast computed tomography (CT) has the capability of rapid imaging (17 frames/sec) coupled with high spatial resolution (1.5 mm2). Eight millimeter thick images can be acquired to interrogate simultaneously the right and left ventricles. End-diastolic and end-systolic tomograms can be reconstructed serially from apex to base by Simpson's rule to provide end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes from which the right and left ventricular stroke volumes can be derived. To determine whether the difference between left and right ventricular stroke volume measured with ultrafast CT could be used to estimate the volume of experimentally induced aortic regurgitation, we studied six dogs in which proximal aortic electromagnetic flow probes had been implanted. Varying degrees of aortic regurgitation were induced by manipulation of a basket catheter through the aortic valve. During suspended respiration in the control state in the absence of aortic regurgitation, right and left ventricular stroke volumes measured with ultrafast CT were nearly identical (mean difference 1.0 +/- 1.2 ml [mean +/- SE]). In the presence of varying degrees of aortic regurgitation, regurgitant volume derived by ultrafast CT as the difference between right and left ventricular stroke volumes correlated closely to the regurgitant volume measured by the electromagnetic flow probe (r = .99, slope = .92, y intercept = 0.98 ml, SEE = 1.02 ml, n = 16). Regurgitant fraction also correlated closely to the regurgitant fraction measured by the electromagnetic flow probe (r = .94, slope = .98, y intercept = 0.66%, SEE = 4.73%, n = 16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Accelerated Medical Education
Authors: A. J. Proskey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I think Dr Kessler has drawn the wrong conclusion in his editorial on accelerated medical education (235:2629, 1976). All he can infer is that successful students can be selected (was there any doubt?) but not necessarily successful physicians. It takes more than the criteria outlined for that to be established.
Case 36-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Leonard Ellman, Thomas McC. Chesney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.His health had been good in the past. From 12 years until eight years before admission he had worked at loading nuclear warheads on missiles, with an indeterminate degree of exposure to radioactive uranium and plutonium. Fourteen weeks before admission swellings developed in the cervical and inguinal regions and progressed. During the following week he noticed lumps on the arms and began to experience malaise, anorexia, bleeding gums and drenching sweats. A sore throat occurred, and he went to another hospital, where he was given penicillin . . .
Severe acquired immunodeficiency in European homosexual men.
Authors: J Gerstoft, A Malchow-Moller, I Bygbjerg, E Dickmeiss, C Enk, P Halberg, S Haahr, M Jacobsen, K Jensen, J Mejer, J O Nielsen, H K Thomsen, J Sondergaard, I Lorenzen
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Four previously healthy Danish homosexual men developed Kaposi9s sarcoma or opportunistic infections with fever of unknown origin and lymphadenopathy. One patient died of a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Three patients had defective cell-mediated immunity with absent leucocyte interferon production and decreased proliferative response to mitogens and antigens. T lymphocyte helper subsets and natural killer cell activity were reduced. Unstimulated mononuclear cells produced leucocyte migration inhibitor factor. Two patients were sexual partners and three had never been to the USA, where cases of severe acquired immunodeficiency have been reported. Thus, the syndrome must also be suspected in European homosexual men who present with fever of unknown origin, opportunistic infections, or Kaposi9s sarcoma.
Intracellular pH regulation of CA1 neurons in Na+/H+ isoform 1 mutant mice
Authors: Hang Yao, Enbo Ma, Xiang-Qun Gu, Gabriel G. Haddad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

To understand the role of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) in intracellular pH (pHi) regulation and neuronal function, we took advantage of natural knockout mice lacking NHE1, the most ubiquitously and densely expressed NHE isoform in the central nervous system (CNS). CA1 neurons from both wild-type (WT) and NHE1 mutant mice were studied by continuous monitoring of pHi, using the fluorescent indicator carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1 (SNARF-1) and confocal microscopy. In the nominal absence of CO2/HCO3–, steady-state pHi was higher in WT neurons than in mutant neurons. Using the NH4Cl prepulse technique, we also show that H+ flux in WT neurons was much greater than in mutant neurons. The recovery from acid load was blocked in WT neurons, but not in mutant neurons, by removal of Na+ from the extracellular solution or by using 100 μM 3-(methylsulfonyl-4-piperidino-benzoyl)-guanidine methanesulfonate (HOE 694) in HEPES buffer. Surprisingly, in the presence of CO2/HCO3–, the difference in H+ flux between WT and mutant mice was even more exaggerated, with a difference of more than 250 μM/s between them at pH 6.6. H+ flux in CO2/HCO3– was responsive to diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (DIDS) in the WT but not in the mutant. We conclude that (a) the absence of NHE1 in the mutant neurons tended to cause lower steady-state pHi and, perhaps more importantly, markedly reduced the rate of recovery from an acid load; and (b) this difference in the rate of recovery between mutant and WT neurons was surprisingly larger in the presence, rather than in the absence, of HCO3–, indicating that the presence of NHE1 is essential for the regulation and/or functional expression of both HCO3–-dependent and -independent transporters in neurons.
Smoking, Hot and Cold Drinks, Pulse, and Temperature
Authors: BARNEY GRAHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1983Smoking, Hot and Cold Drinks, Pulse, and TemperatureBARNEY GRAHAM, M.D., GEORGE B. THEIL, M.D., DAVID W. GREGORY, M.D.BARNEY GRAHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE B. THEIL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID W. GREGORY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-559_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Having recently started a study of fevers in patients presenting to emergency rooms, we needed to know whether various physical factors influenced the oral temperature. A literature review showed no specific information on how common activities such as cigarette smoking or drinking hot or cold liquids might influence this important vital sign.Measurements of the oral temperature and pulse of 11 adult volunteers were taken under basal conditions and at 0 and 5 minutes after each subject smoked one cigarette, drank 240 mL of hot coffee, and drank 240 mL of ice water. The clinical thermometers used... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPhysical Examination in the Cardiac Intensive Care UnitPhysical Examination in the Cardiac Intensive Care UnitMesure de la température corporelle en pratique quotidienneBODY TEMPERATURE MONITORINGThe Equivalency of Infrared Tympanic Membrane Thermometry with Standard Thermometry in Nursing Home ResidentsA comparison of oral, rectal, and tympanic membrane-derived temperature changes after ingestion of liquids and smokingTemperature Lowering After Iced Water: Enhanced Effects in the Elderly 1 April 1983Volume 98, Issue 4Page: 559-560KeywordsCoffeeEmergency departmentFeversHeart rateTemperatureThermometersVital signs Issue Published: 1 April 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transient intermittent lymphocyte activation is responsible for the instability of angina.
Authors: G G Serneri, R Abbate, A M Gori, M Attanasio, F Martini, B Giusti, P Dabizzi, L Poggesi, P A Modesti, F Trotta
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Blood clotting activation is an important component of the inflammatory response; the outbursts of unstable angina are usually associated with increased thrombin formation and coronary mural thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate 1) whether monocyte activation is responsible for the enhanced thrombin formation during bursts of unstable angina and 2) what mechanism(s) might be responsible for monocyte activation, we studied patients with unstable angina (n = 31), stable effort angina (n = 23), left endoventricular thrombosis (n = 8), and control subjects (n = 44), measuring plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels and the capacity of monocytes to express procoagulant activity (PCA) and of lymphocytes to modulate this expression. Patients with unstable angina and patients with endoventricular thrombosis had significantly (p less than 0.0001) higher FPA plasma levels than patients with effort angina and control subjects. However, only monocytes from unstable angina patients expressed significantly increased PCA characterized as tissue factor-like activity (units/10(5) monocytes, median and range; 120, 1.1-463.2 versus 10.8, 0.8-39.1 in control subjects; p less than 0.0001 versus the other groups). When 14 patients with unstable angina were restudied 8-12 weeks later, they showed neither elevated plasma FPA levels nor monocyte PCA. In unstable angina patients, there was a correlation between FPA and PCA (r = 0.56, p less than 0.001). For expression of PCA by monocytes, both an incubation of at least 2 hours with lymphocytes and direct monocyte-lymphocyte contact were needed. In reconstitution and cross-mixing experiments, only lymphocytes from patients with active unstable angina induced the expression of PCA by monocytes from both control and patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the increased thrombin formation in unstable angina patients is due to the expression of tissue factor-like activity by activated monocytes. The monocyte activation appears to be a part of a lymphocytic cell-instructed response intermittently triggered by unknown factors.
Type I Interferon Inhibits Interleukin-1 Production and Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Greta Guarda, Marion Braun, Francesco Staehli, Aubry Tardivel, Chantal Mattmann, Irmgard Förster, Matthias Farlik, Thomas Decker, Renaud A. Du Pasquier, Pedro Romero, Jürg Tschopp
Journal: Immunity (2011)