tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Part 11: Adult Stroke
Authors: Edward C. Jauch, Brett Cucchiara, Opeolu Adeoye, William Meurer, Jane Brice, Yvonne (Yu-Feng) Chan, Nina Gentile, Mary Fran Hazinski
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Advances in stroke care will have the greatest effect on stroke outcome if care is delivered within a regional stroke system designed to improve both efficiency and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of stroke care is to minimize ongoing injury, emergently recanalize acute vascular occlusions, and begin secondary measures to maximize functional recovery. These efforts will provide stroke patients with the greatest opportunity for a return to previous quality of life and decrease the overall societal burden of stroke.
Anti-inflammatory activity of IgG1 mediated by Fc galactosylation and association of FcγRIIB and dectin-1
Authors: Christian M. Karsten, Manoj K. Pandey, Julia Figge, Regina Kilchenstein, Philip Russel Taylor, Marcela Rosas, Jacqueline U. McDonald, Selinda Jane Orr, Markus Berger, Dominique Petzold, Veroniqué Blanchard, André Winkler, Constanze Hess, Delyth M. Reid, Irina V. Majoul, Richard T. Strait, Nathaniel L. Harris, Gabriele Köhl, Eva Wex, Ralf Ludwig, Detlef Zillikens, Falk Nimmerjahn, Fred D. Finkelman, Gordon D. Brown, Marc Ehlers, Jörg Köhl
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
The "Toxin-Antitoxin" Phenomenon in Burned and Injured Human Subjects
Authors: Sol R. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The presence of toxins in the blood of burned or otherwise injured patients was indicated by the demonstration of cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells, cytolytic effects on red cells of other burned or injured patients, and precipitogens against serums from patients with healed burns. Such serums were shown to contain anti-toxic-antibody-like substances by demonstrating their ability to neutralize the cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and by demonstrating the presence of hemolysins and precipitins. In preliminary clinical trials the transfusion of blood or plasma from donors with healed burns to critically toxic burned or injured patients was followed by prompt improvement. Serums obtained from the recipients after such transfusions were no longer toxic to tissue cultures. The authors recommend further clinical trials of antisera of known titer from persons with healed burns.
A Bedside Nature: Genius and Eccentricity in Science 1869-1953
Authors: J. C. Mbanya
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Walter Gratzer Macmillan, £19.95, pp 266 ISBN 0 333 651316

A Bedside Nature is an anthology of Nature's great past, reflecting the development of science from Huxley through Darwin to Watson and Crick. Nature has been the medium for countless scientific ideas, both beautiful and bizarre. Not all of them have stood the test of time, but the …
Artificial Tobacco Substitutes
Authors: Gio B. Gori
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE SEARCH for man-made materials that could substitute, wholly or in part, for the tobacco in cigarettes has been going on for almost two decades, but only in the last few years have such products commanded serious attention.<sup>1-3</sup> The reasons for this interest are twofold: these products, at least in their latest formulations, promise to reduce the toxic effects of smoke and offer the allure of potential economic advantage over the use of natural tobacco. <h3>Economic Considerations</h3> At present, however, the manufacturing of artificial tobacco substitutes (ATS) being offered commercially is sufficiently expensive to push their price range into the upper quartile of international tobacco prices (US patent 3,545,448; UK patents 1,113,979 and 1,244,441; Canadian patents 895,112 and 931,851). Consequently, a more evident advantage is that ATS can be supplied to suit a particular production schedule and, therefore, do not require the expensive storage procedures of tobacco. Furthermore, ATS
Doctors' online learning programme is halted as part of government cuts
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Government cuts have halted a programme to develop online learning packages in collaboration with the medical royal colleges.

The programme, e-Learning for Healthcare, was controversial because the Department of Health launched it without seeking tenders from private providers (of which BMJ Learning is one). It was funded from the department’s capital budget, which has come under heavy pressure as the chancellor of the exchequer seeks cuts in public spending.

In a “Dear Colleague” letter to the colleges and others involved, Patricia Hamilton, director of Medical Education England, says that the capital spending review is now complete and the allocation to e-Learning for Healthcare “will not …
The Choice of Antipsychotic Drugs for Schizophrenia
Authors: Robert Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Since the discovery of the effects of chlorpromazine in the 1950s, treatment of schizophrenia has relied on antipsychotic drugs that target dopamine D2 receptors. The effectiveness of these agents in reducing the intensity of patients' delusions and hallucinations permitted outpatient treatment instead of lifelong institutionalization in state mental hospitals. The many antipsychotic drugs introduced during the next decade were increasingly potent, as medicinal chemists improved the drugs' affinity for the D2 receptor. However, the efficacy of the drugs was similar, since all had the same mechanism of action.1 A troubling problem was that the blockade of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the . . .
Assessment of pain after subcutaneous injection of erythropoietin in patients receiving haemodialysis.
Authors: L A Frenken, H J van Lier, P G Gerlag, M den Hartog, R A Koene
Journal: BMJ (1991)

prevent acute tubular necrosis by reducing vasospasm after reperfusion.Other renal vasodilators, particularly calcium channel blocking drugs, have been shown to reduce delayed function.It seems that the maintenance of renal blood flow after revascularisation is important for early graft function.1
Counting Diabetes in the Next Millennium: Application of capture-recapture technology
Authors: Ronald E LaPorte, Daniel McCarty, Graziella Bruno, Naoko Tajima, Shigeaki Baba
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Monitoring diabetes is critical for our understanding of the etiology and natural history of disease and for public health actions. However, traditional methods for monitoring are either too expensive (e.g., IDDM registries, NIDDM-OGTT prevalence surveys) or too inaccurate (routinely collected data or passive surveillance) for broad accurate, national programs for monitoring the incidence and prevalence of disease. We suggest that one technology called capture-recapture would considerably increase our ability to “count” diabetes, both nationally and globally. Implementation of this approach could lead to accurate inter- and intracountry data on rates of disease. Moreover, such tracking of diabetes could serve as the model for the monitoring of all disease in the 21st century and beyond.
Life expectancy is consistently underestimated, say researchers
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Life expectancy has increased by 40 years since 1840 and shows no sign of having peaked, claim population researchers. But governments have planned their health and social policies on projections of life span that are wedded to the concept of maximum longevity, they say.

Writing in the journal Science , the authors, from the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure …
Recording events in clinical trials.
Authors: M Weintraub
Journal: BMJ (1978)

lymphoma, increased levels of serum IgE (often very high) compared with controls have been reported by at least two groups of workers.1 2 In the four patients with mycosis fungoides seen in this department during the past two years the serum IgE levels have all been raised (range 979->5000 U/ml).As with Hodgkin's disease, the pathogenesis of these high serum IgE levels (in the presence of normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM) is at the moment unclear.
Analyses of allele-specific gene expression in highly divergent mouse crosses identifies pervasive allelic imbalance
Authors: James J Crowley, Vasyl Zhabotynsky, Wei Sun, Shunping Huang, Isa Kemal Pakatci, Yunjung Kim, Jeremy R Wang, Andrew P Morgan, John D Calaway, David L Aylor, Zaining Yun, Timothy A Bell, Ryan J Buus, Mark E Calaway, John P Didion, Terry J Gooch, Stephanie D Hansen, Nashiya N Robinson, Ginger D Shaw, Jason S Spence, Corey R Quackenbush, Cordelia J Barrick, Randal J Nonneman, Kyungsu Kim, James Xenakis, Yuying Xie, William Valdar, Alan B Lenarcic, Wei Wang, Catherine E Welsh, Chen-Ping Fu, Zhaojun Zhang, James Holt, Zhishan Guo, David W Threadgill, Lisa M Tarantino, Darla R Miller, Fei Zou, Leonard McMillan, Patrick F Sullivan, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
EMBRYOMA OF THE TESTIS: Sudden Death from Thrombosis of Pulmonary Veins
Authors: A. E. Webb-Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1925)

MEDICA JouaNof a gall-bladder shadow is not only strong evidence of a gIross lesioii of the gall bladder but a clear indication for cholecystectomy.GROUP III.-PooR GALL-BLADDER SHADOW.At Operation Diseased Gall Bladder.In this group there lrele 7 cases.In 4 cases gall stones were faintly outlined as negative shadows by the surround- ing dye-laden bile (see Fig. 5).In the othet 3 the hazy outline and indistinct shadow indicated deficient coxicentra- tion.In all cases at operation, whilst the gall bladder con- tained bile, its wall was the seat of gross pathological change and cholecystectomy was performed.GROUP IV.-GOOD GALL-BLADDER SHADOW + CALCULI.At Operation Functioning Gall Bladder.In this group there were 3 cases.In one case the gall bladder contained several calculi, but the wall was not thickened and it contained clear bile (see Fig. 4).In this case an ideal cholecystotomy was performed.In the other two cases the gall-bladder wall, although not functionless, showed naked-eye evidence of pathological change and cholecystectomy was performed.GROIUP V.-CASES OF OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE.The method was employed in 8 cases of obstructive jaundice.Contrary to the experienoe of Carman, we found no serious untoward effects.In 4 cases there was no reaction, in 4 slight nausea, and in 2 transient vomiting.In no case was any shadow visible in gall bladder or ducts.In 6 of these cases a stone in the common duct was the causa- tive factor, and in 4 of those the gall bladder was shrunken and functioinless.In one of the four the whole biliary duct system was distended with " white bile."In two a previous
Never Too Old — Flying Champagne Corks — Student Health —
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE specialty of geriatrics has been evolving alongside the increasing life-span in the more highly developed countries, and many clinicians, sociologists and scientists have been attracted to the study of the problems of aging. Wright and Simpson1 point out that the specialty remains undeveloped, and stress the fact that the satisfaction it offers comes not from being surrounded by senility and chronic sickness but from meeting a challenge that has beaten others and from being a pioneer.Chronic invalidism should not be an inevitable concomitant of old age. Indeed, these patients should only be a small group who are not . . .
VII. Active Principles and Galenical Preparations
Authors: R. Stockman
Journal: BMJ (1895)

IT has frequently been suggested that a more extended sub- stitution of the pure active principles of plants for the Galenical preparations so generally adopted in our national Pharmacopoeia would lead to much greater accuracy of dosage, and in cornsequence to increased precision and success in the treatment of disease.It is urged, and with great justice, that plants vary, often to a very considerable extent, in the amount of active substances which they elaborate during their growth; that this is affected not only by climate, habitat, soil, and mode of cultivation, but that even when grown in the same locality one year's crop may differ greatly from the next year's, according to the character of
When measurements are misleading: modelling the effects of blood pressure misclassification in the English population
Authors: Tom Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

When measurements are misleading: modelling the effects of blood pressure misclassification in the English population Tom MarshallGuidelines recommend that primary care teams measure their adult patients' blood pressures. 1 Is this always a useful activity?A measurement of blood pressure is an estimate of the true mean blood pressure.Clinical decisions are based on the average of several measurements.However, measurement is imperfect, and blood pressure shows random biological variation from beat to beat.Because of this unavoidable variation patients may be misclassified as above or below the treatment threshold.Thus, like any diagnostic or screening test, estimation of blood pressure is subject to false positives and false negatives.The proportion of test positives that are true positives is the positive predictive value of a test: an index of the test's precision.This paper calculates positive predictive values for blood pressure measurement in an English population.
Dilemma of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Karl P. Klassen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Approximately 6,000 of the 350,000 deaths from cancer in this country are due to carcinoma of the esophagus. Aggressive and progressive application of surgical and radiation therapy in the last half century has not resulted in an anticipated high cure rate, and the overall long-term survival of patients with this disease is less than 2%. This neoplasm, predominantly of the squamous cell type, is relatively slow-growing, and total eradication should be feasible in its early stages prior to local and distant extension and metastasis. The problem is the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis. Dysphagia, the most common initial symptom, usually does not occur until the carcinoma has reached a large size and there is involvement of the entire circumference of the esophagus. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus, once suspected, is established without difficulty by roentgenographic contrast studies and endoscopic biopsy of the lesion. Regional extension and distal
Computation of haemodynamic power and input impedance in the ascending aorta of patients undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: G. WRIGHT, J. S T S. PING, C. S CAMPBELL, M. A TOBIAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Ascending aortic blood pressure and flow were successfully measured shortly after sternotomy in 16 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Total haemodynamic power in the aorta was 953.9(444.7) mJ.s-1 (mean (SD], of which 11.65% was pulsatile. Quadrature components accounted for 50.8% of the pulsatile power. The mean (SD) term of the input impedance spectrum was 149.3(51.1) X 10(6) kg.m-4.s-1 and the characteristic impedance was 81.6(3.88) X 10(6) kg.m-4.s-1. Arterial pulsations are thought to be important for adequate tissue perfusion and the movement of tissue fluids and lymph. It is suggested that atheroma may increase the workload of the heart by diminishing the capacitative coupling between the aorta and the peripheral resistance vessels as well as pathological changes in other organs by impeding the lateral transmission of energy into the tissues.
Common polymorphism in the PNPLA3/adiponutrin gene confers higher risk of cirrhosis and liver damage in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Eric Trépo, Thierry Gustot, Delphine Degré, Arnaud Lemmers, Laurine Verset, Pieter Demetter, Romy Ouziel, Eric Quertinmont, Vincent Vercruysse, Leila Amininejad, Pierre Deltenre, Olivier Le Moine, Jacques Devière, Denis Franchimont, Christophe Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Adenosine-mediated early preconditioning in mouse: protective signaling and concentration dependent effects
Authors: J Peart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Signaling in adenosine-mediated preconditioning is controversial. We examined roles of mitochondrial (mito) K(ATP) channels, protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide (NO).Langendorff perfused C57/Bl6 mouse hearts were subjected to 20 min ischemia and 45 min reperfusion. Effects of adenosine-mediated preconditioning were assessed in the absence and presence of signaling inhibitors.Control hearts recovered 70+/-2 mmHg ventricular pressure, and released 18.1+/-2.0 IU/g lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Preconditioning with 10 microM adenosine limited necrosis (10.6+/-1.4 IU/g) without modifying contractility (72+/-2 mmHg) whereas 50 microM adenosine reduced necrosis (10.3+/-1.6 IU/g) and contractile dysfunction (91+/-2 mmHg). All protective effects of 10 and 50 microM adenosine were abrogated by mito K(ATP) channel blockade with 100 microM 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) during the 'trigger' phase, but unaltered by PKC or NO synthase inhibition with 3 microM chelerythrine or 100 microM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively. Protection against necrosis was eliminated by 5-HD but unaltered by chelerythrine or L-NAME during the 'mediation' phase (ischemia-reperfusion). Reduced contractile dysfunction with 50 microM adenosine was partially sensitive to 5-HD and chelerythrine, and only eliminated by co-infusion of the inhibitors.Adenosine-mediated preconditioning is dose-dependent with high level stimulation reducing contractile dysfunction in addition to necrosis. Preconditioning is triggered by a mito K(ATP) channel dependent process independently of PKC and NO. Subsequent protection against necrosis is also mediated by a mito K(ATP) channel dependent process independent of PKC and NO. In contrast, functional protection may be mediated by parallel mito K(ATP) and PKC dependent paths.
Clinical Incoherence about Persons: The Problem of the Persistent Vegetative State
Authors: Eric J. Cassell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Editorials15 July 1996Clinical Incoherence about Persons: The Problem of the Persistent Vegetative StateEric J. Cassell, MDEric J. Cassell, MDCornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10028.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail A provocative and disturbing article by Payne and colleagues [1] in this issue reports on the attitudes and beliefs of a panel of neurologists and medical directors of nursing homes about the persistent vegetative state (PVS). The authors chose to survey these physicians because they believed them to be especially knowledgeable. The results are surprising, contradictory, and indicative of confusion about what most of us believe is basic to being a person. A person is a complex being, more of a trajectory through time than an object, that includes a past and a believed-in future combined with society, culture, family, ...References1. Payne K, Taylor RM, Stocking C, Sachs GA. Physicians' attitudes about the care of patients in the persistent vegetative state: a national survey. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:104-110. Google Scholar2. Cassell EJ. The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1991. Google Scholar3. Davidoff F. I've been over into the future [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:629. Google Scholar4. Nussbaum M. The protagoras: a science of practical reasoning. In: The Fragility of Goodness. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 1986. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10028.Corresponding Author: Eric J. Cassell, MD, Cornell University Medical College, 1550 York Avenue, New York, NY 10028. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysicians' Attitudes about the Care of Patients in the Persistent Vegetative State: A National Survey Kirk Payne , Robert M. Taylor , Carol Stocking , and Greg A. Sachs Metrics Cited ByEndangered Forms of PersonhoodStructuring Conversations on the Fact and Fiction of Brain DeathHidden places, uncommon personsA structure of care for the chronically critically ill 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 146-147KeywordsClinical epidemiologyCognitionDecision makingEmotionsEvidence based medicinePersistent vegetative stateQuestionnairesResidencyResuscitationTransplantation Issue Published: 15 July 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Penicillin on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: E. W. Boland, N. E. Headley, P. S. Hench
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1945)

The cause of rheumatoid (atrophic) arthritis is unknown.Of the many aetiological theories the microbic hypothesis is still the most widely accepted, and of the many different bacteria which have been incriminated, haemolytic streptococci have been, since 1929, most under suspicion.Haemolytic streptococci from time to time have been recovered from the synovial fluid and blood, from foci of in- fection, and occasionally from synovial membrane, blood, and lymph nodes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.The blood of the majority of patients who
Predicting Response to Herceptin Therapy
Authors: Allan Lipton, Kim Leitzel, Suhail Ali
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The activation of cellular oncogenes plays an important role in the development of cancer. An important member of the oncogene family is the growth factor receptor known as the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), which is also referred to as HER-2/ neu or c-erbB-2. The HER-2/ neu