tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Foci of Cellular and Enzymatic Alteration and Nodules in Rats Treated With Clofibrate or Diethylnitrosamine Followed by Phenobarbital: Their Rate of Onset and Their Reversibility
Authors: P Greaves, E Irisarri, A M Monro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The histologic appearance and cytochemical characteristics of foci of hepatic cellular alteration, hepatic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinomas occurring in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate (CAS: 637-07-0), with phenobarbital (CAS: 50-06-6), or with diethylnitrosamine [(DENA) CAS: 55-18-5] followed by phenobarbital were studied after treatment periods from 1 month to 2 years. Rats treated with clofibrate revealed foci of cellular alteration that were more often basophilic and occurred slightly sooner (wk 42) than those in untreated controls (wk 60). Of 36 rats that had received 68 or more weeks of continuous clofibrate, 19 had hepatic nodules. Of the 11 nodules examined cytochemically, none was gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) positive and 2 were positive to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) under oxygen. In rats withdrawn from clofibrate for 16-18 weeks after 68-95 weeks of clofibrate, 0 of 14 had nodules. In several of these rats zones of hepatic scarring were observed, suggesting the reversibility of the nodules. Phenobarbital alone had little effect on the incidence of foci of cellular alteration, although the number of gamma-GT-positive foci was increased. DENA followed by phenobarbital led to the early appearance of foci of cellular alteration (from wk 4), of nodules (from wk 13), and of hepatocellular carcinomas (from wk 26). gamma-GT activity was raised in most of these nodules and carcinomas, while G-6-PD activity was raised in only 3 of 9 nodules but in all 9 carcinomas examined. DENA-phenobarbital given for 13 or 26 weeks followed by withdrawal of phenobarbital for 28 and 26 weeks, respectively, produced an essentially similar pattern of lesions. In view of the growing recognition of the nonspecificity gamma-GT as a marker of carcinogen-initiated foci, the value of G-6-PD (under oxygen) as a marker merits further investigation.
Navicular stress fractures: outcomes of surgical and conservative management
Authors: N J Potter, P D Brukner, M Makdissi, K Crossley, Z S Kiss
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To compare the long term outcomes of the two treatment options for navicular stress fractures: non-weightbearing cast immobilisation and surgical fixation.Retrospective case study.Subjects aged 18 years and older who had been treated for a navicular stress fracture more than two years previously.Questionnaire based analogue pain score and function score; tenderness on palpation; abnormality detected on computed tomography (CT).In all, 32 fractures in 26 subjects were investigated. No significant differences were found between surgical and conservative management for current pain (p = 0.984), current function (p = 0.170), or abnormality on CT (p = 0.173). However, surgically treated patients more often remained tender over the "N spot" (p = 0.005), even after returning to competition for two years or more.Surgical fixation of navicular stress fractures appears to be as effective as conservative management over the longer term. However, there remains a small but measurable degree of pain and loss of function over this period. The value of using "N spot" tenderness as the sole clinical predictor of treatment success requires further investigation, as some patients remained tender despite successful completion of treatment and return to competition.
Targeting the Angiotensin System in Posttransplant Airway Obliteration
Authors: ALEXANDRA A. MACLEAN, MINGYAO LIU, STEFAN FISCHER, MICHIHURA SUGA, SHAF KESHAVJEE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The angiotensin system plays a role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We used a rat heterotopic tracheal transplant model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) to examine the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in development of the fibroproliferative lesion of BO. Isograft and allograft tracheal transplants were performed. Allograft rats received either no treatment (control) or captopril (100 mg/kg/d) in their drinking water. The drug treatment given to the recipient rats was begun 5 days before transplantation, on postoperative Day 1, or on postoperative Day 5. The treatment was continued until postoperative Day 21, when tracheal specimens were harvested and subjected to histologic, immunohistologic, and morphometric analyses. We noted heavy staining for ACE in the obliterated portion of the tracheas of allograft control animals. This area was not present in nontransplanted or isograft tracheas. Captopril administration begun 5 d before transplantation and on postoperative Day 1 resulted in a significant attenuation in the percent airway obliteration (45% and 26%, respectively) as compared with that in control allografts (83%; p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the presence of ACE in the fibroproliferative lesion in a rat model of BO, and shows that inhibition of ACE can limit development of airway obliteration.
Role of <i>FHIT</i> in Human Cancer
Authors: Carlo M. Croce, Gabriella Sozzi, Kay Huebner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Through investigation of hemizygous and homozygous deletions in common human cancers, including lung cancer, we have cloned and characterized a gene at chromosome region 3p14.2, FHIT, that is inactivated in epithelial tumors, particularly in tumors resulting from exposure to environmental carcinogens. In some tumors, particularly those associated with environmental carcinogens, alterations in the FHIT gene occur quite early in the development of cancer. In other cancers, Fhit inactivation seems to be a later event, possibly associated with progression to more aggressive neoplasias. Thus, detection of Fhit expression by immunohistochemistry in premalignant and malignant tissues may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information.
Cognitive impairment in patients hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation
Authors: Isabel López-Torres, Elisabeth Rodríguez-Alzueta, Adelina Martín-Salvador, Irene Torres-Sánchez, Laura Cerón-Lorente, Marie Carmen Valenza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is associated with increased mortality and disability; however, it remains poorly understood in COPD. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the level of cognitive impairment in COPD patients hospitalized due to acute exacerbation.  Methods: COPD exacerbated patients were included in this study. The level of cognitive impairment was measured with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).  Results: A sample of 200 patients hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation was included in this study, mean age 71.16 ± 10.2 year were enrolled in the study. The punctuations obtained in MOCA subscales are shown in table 1.  Conclusion: Results obtained shown relevant poor values in abstraction and memory subscales. Our sample had shown a low total score in MOCA that means high cognitive impairment.
Abstract 20780: 3D Analysis of Pre-Procedural Multislice Computed Tomography to Predict Annulus Plane Angulation and C-arm Positioning: Benefit on Safety Procedural Outcome in Patients Referred for Tanscatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI).
Authors: Morsal Samim, Pieter R Stella, Jolanda Kluin, Faiez Ramjankhan, Mariam Samim, Ricardo Budde, Pierfrancesco Agostoni, Gertjan Sieswerda, Marijke van der Linden, Lex van Herwerden, Pieter A Doevendans, Eric van Belle
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Positioning the X-ray tube C-arm perpendicular to the aortic annulus plane is key to achieve an appropriate delivery of the Edwards-SAPIEN valve during TAVI. This step requires performing angiograp...
Patient outcomes following admission to UK tertiary referral cardio-thoracic intensive care unit: 1 year observational data
Authors: Charlotte Pereira, Martin Rooms, Rakhee Shah, Layla Meshykhi, Grainne Gallagher, Kat Elliott, Pippa Earp, Shelley Coleman, Sunny Kaul
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

There is a paucity of data on risk factors & patient outcomes following admission to cardio-thoracic intensive care units (CT ICU). More patients with increasing age & complex co-morbidities are admitted to ICU. Early identification of patients at risk & appropriate preventive measures may improve ICU readmission rates & patient outcomes

Aim: Record outcomes of all patients admitted to CT ICU

Hypothesis: Poor physiological reserve will be associated with poorer patient outcomes

Design & Setting : Prospective 1-yr observational study in 23 bedded level 3 CT ICU. Data retrieved from paperless patient record system & patients followed up till ICU discharge/death

Results : No of admissions 1310.Re-admission rate 7%. M:F 3:1 Age 64 yrs (SD15). Indications for admission: post-cardiac surgery (73%) transplant (7%) ventricular assist device insertion (4%) thoracic surgery (6%) & cardiology (10%)

View this table:

Risk Factors and Outcomes Table





Conclusion: First known report of patient outcomes following admission to a CT ICU over 1 year. Poor baseline physiology is associated with poorer outcomes. However age and BMI were not associated with reduced survival in our series. Further sub-group analysis is underway to identify potential mechanisms to explain these findings and pinpoint areas to target resources.
Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Donald Kaufman, Derek Raghavan, Michael Carducci, Ellis Glenn Levine, Barbara Murphy, Joseph Aisner, Timothy Kuzel, Steven Nicol, William Oh, Walter Stadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To assess the activity and toxicity of the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with measurable stage IV carcinoma of the urothelium were enrolled onto this trial. Gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 was administered intravenously for 30 to 60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Cisplatin was administered after gemcitabine on day 1 of each cycle. The first 11 patients received an initial cisplatin dose of 100 mg/m 2 . Due to the hematologic toxicity observed in several of these patients, the dose was reduced to 75 mg/m 2 in the remaining 35 patients. Patients were treated with six cycles, unless disease progression or severe toxicity necessitated earlier discontinuation. RESULTS: Ten of the 46 patients achieved a complete response and nine showed a partial response. The overall response rate was 41%. The median time to treatment failure was 5.5 months. The median survival was 14.3 months, and the 1-year survival probability was 54%. Most of the toxicities were hematologic and, in general, easily manageable. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is active in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in chemotherapy-naive patients and has an acceptable clinical safety profile. Studies are under way to further define the place of gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer.
The expression and clinical significance of PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jian An Huang, Yan Bin Chen, Ping Xu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose: To explore the roles of PD-L1+ (programmed death-1-ligand 1) CD68+ macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by flow cytometry (FCM).

Materials and methods: 60 squamous cell carcinoma patients, 60 adenocarcinoma patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited in the study. PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages were isolated from PBMCs of the 180 persons with FCM.

Results: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma group had higher PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages expression compared to healthy controls ( P <0.001 and P =0.013 respectively), and PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages from squamous cell carcinoma were higher than that from adenocarcinoma group [(19.03±12.28)% vs (14.21±11.88)%, P = 0.031)].

Conclusions: PD-L1+CD68+ macrophages in PBMCs have marked relationship with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, especially can produce profound effect on squamous cell carcinoma.
Determinants of Ovarian Cancer Risk. II. Inferences Regarding Pathogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D W Cramer, W R Welch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Entrapment of surface epithelium within the ovarian stroma was proposed as an initial event in the pathogenesis of cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Subsequent events, including differentiation, proliferation, and eventual malignant transformation of the entrapped epithelium, may occur as a consequence of stimulation by estrogen or estrogen precursors. These events were more likely when the steroid producing stroma itself had been stimulated by high gonadotropins. Animal experiments suggested that gonadotropin excess and stromal stimulation may result by disturbing normal feedback inhibition between ovary and pituitary or by destroying ovarian follicles. By analogy, in humans, a number of common chemicals and drugs may increase gonadotropins by enhancing estrogen degradation in the liver or by directly stimulating production by the pituitary. Elevated gonadotropins may also result via mechanisms that cause primary ovarian failure including pelvic irradiation, exposure to chemicals or metabolites toxic to follicles, or ovarian infections such as mumps.
Specific pulmonary lesion in patients with tubercular spondylitis (TS)
Authors: Viacheslav Zhuravlev, Galina Vasilieva, Pavel Gavrilov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

120 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and diagnosis of TS were studied. It was the patients at the age from 18 to 72 years old. The patients were examined due to complaints of spinal pain. These were mostly the lesions of thoracic spine 46 (38,3%). From 2 to 8 vertebras were affected, dissiminated forms were diagnosed in 62 (51,6%) patients. In 113 (94,2%) the TS was complicated with paravertebral abscesses, in 92 patients (76,6%) – with epidural abscesses, in 49 (40,8%) - neurological disorders were diagnosed. 62 (51,7%) had simultaneously diagnosed PT and spine lesion, in 58 (48,3%) the TS was diagnosed in 2,5±1,8 years after beginning of PT therapy. Clinical forms of PT: disseminated 44 (36,7%), infiltrative 38 (31,7%), fibrocavitary 22 (18,3%), tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes 10 (8,3%), focal 6 (5,0%). Pulmonary tissue destruction was diagnosed in 83% of cases. Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT) were identified in respiratory material of 95 (79,2%) patients. Multiple drug resistance of MBT was diagnosed in 73 (60,8%) patients. All patients required surgical treatment of TS. The intensive chemotherapy during 4,5±2,1 months, positive clinical and x-ray dynamics and negative results of bacterioscopic examination of sputum for MBT detection has helped to carry out surgical stage of treatment in 115 patients. 5 (4,2%) patients had no surgical treatment of TS because of advance of the generalized tuberculosis.  Conclusion: In case of detection of associated affection of PT and TS it is necessary to carry out not less than 2 months of intensive therapy using 5 antituberculous drugs, with further surgical stage at the affected spine part and continuation of specific therapy for not less than 6 months.
Someone to live for: social well-being, parenthood status, and decision-making in oncology.
Authors: S B Yellen, D F Cella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Little is known about the influence of social factors on treatment preferences and desire for aggressive cancer therapy. The present study assessed subjective and objective social indicators in patient preferences for treatment. METHODS Cancer patients (N = 296) with diverse diagnoses and stages read sets of hypothetical vignettes describing patients with early-stage and advanced disease. In the first set, patients made decisions about treatment acceptance given varying levels of either increasing cure or extending survival. In the second set, the point at which patients shifted preferences from mild to severe treatment to improve likelihood of 1-year survival (switch point) was the dependent measure. We assessed the impact of quality-of-life (QL) domains measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), having children, marital status, and living arrangements on treatment preferences and switch points. RESULTS The Social Well-Being (SWB) subscale of the FACT-G predicted both treatment acceptance (P = .007) and switch point (P = .043) in the advanced-disease vignettes, with lower SWB associated with less aggressive preferences. Children living at home was likewise associated with more aggressive intent both in treatment preferences (P = .003, advanced-disease vignette) and switch point (P &lt; .001 and P = .001 for early- and advanced-disease vignettes, respectively). Living with others predicted more aggressive intent in the advanced-disease vignette (P = .03). Marital status did not predict either treatment acceptance or switch point. CONCLUSION Positive social well-being, as well as having children living at home, predicted patient willingness to accept aggressive treatment. Willingness to receive aggressive treatment may explain or mediate previously reported salutory effects of social support on cancer outcomes.
The impact of a specialist multi-disciplinary approach to difficult asthma on healthcare outcomes in a district hospital
Authors: Veeresh Patil, Christine Townshend, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, Bernard Dyke, Tasneem Rahman, Vijay Joshi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Guidelines advise that patients with Difficult Asthma are managed by an experienced Specialist Multidisciplinary Team (MDT). That often requires referral to a Tertiary Centre. Can such care address Difficult Asthma in a District Hospital (DGH) setting?   Aim:  To assess impact on healthcare utilization (HCU) of creating DGH outpatient access to a Difficult Asthma MDT.   Methods:  A Difficult Asthma MDT was created in a pre-existing DGH Allergy Clinic. This included Consultant, Nurse Specialist, Dietitian and Respiratory Physiotherapist. Retrospective study of referred patients (n= 19) compared HCU for the 12-months prior to referral against the 12-month period that followed being under the MDT for 6-months. Measures assessed included Accident & Emergency (A&E) use, General Physician (GP) visits, Inpatient (IP) days and Intensive Care (ITU) admissions.   Results:  All patients were on BTS Step 4/5 treatment at referral (mean age 51.9 years, 73.3% female and 68.4% atopic). High asthma associated Secondary HCU costs were present at baseline. After being under the MDT for 18 months, (mean follow-up every 4.1 months) there was a 50.4% reduction in mean annual GP asthma visits (from 5.63 to 2.79), 68.8% reduction in mean annual asthma A&E visits (from 1.6 to 0.5), 80.4% reduction in mean annual asthma IP days (from 5.6 to 1.1) and a 100% reduction in mean annual asthma ITU days (from 1.6 to 0). Estimated savings for reduced Secondary Care asthma usage were £67,265.74 for the 12-month observation period.   Conclusion:  An MDT approach can be successfully applied to Difficult Asthma patients in a DGH setting leading to significantly reduced HCU and associated costs.
A risk calculator based on self-reported information predicted 5-year mortality in adults in the UK
Authors: Howard S. Kirshner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club20 October 2015A risk calculator based on self-reported information predicted 5-year mortality in adults in the UKHoward S. Kirshner, MDHoward S. Kirshner, MDVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (H.S.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-163-8-013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGanna A, Ingelsson E.5 year mortality predictors in 498 103 UK biobank participants: a prospective population-based study. Lancet. 2015 Jun 2. [Epub ahead of print] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26049253Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Oncology: References1. McGee DL, Liao Y, Cao G, Cooper RS. Self-reported health status and mortality in a multi-ethnic U.S. cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:41-46. [PMID: 9883792] Google Scholar2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Annual smoking—attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs—United States, 1995-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:300-3. [PMID: 12002168] Google Scholar3. Bennett DA, Beckett LA, Murray AM, et al. Prevalence of parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:71-6. [PMID: 8531961] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (H.S.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 October 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2015Volume 163, Issue 8Page: JC13KeywordsAdultsAnxietyCohort studiesDatabasesMortalityMyocardial infarctionPrimary hypertensionProspective studiesStrokeWalking ePublished: 20 October 2015 Issue Published: 20 October 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 18020: Cardiac Autoantibodies Negatively Affect Diastolic Function In Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lars R Herda, Marcus Dorr, Markus Reinthaler, Lars G Eckerle, Yvonne Reinke, Stephan B Felix
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Disturbances of the humoral immune system have been described in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Immunoadsorption has been evaluated as a new treatment option in DCM with fa...