tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real-world Imperative of Outcomes Research
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pertussis in Adults
Authors: Mark H. Hyman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 June 1998Pertussis in AdultsMark H. Hyman, MDMark H. Hyman, MDLos Angeles, CA 90025Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Cherry's editorial [1] raised two questions for me. First, does he envision the use of the DTP vaccine, as opposed to adding the acellular pertussis vaccine, to a new immunization schedule? The approach of adding the diphtheria component to the tetanus component on a regular basis is now widely used. Second, many health care providers are using the newer-generation macrolide antibiotics in place of erythromycin. Does Dr. Cherry have any experience with the use of these drugs in confirmed or suspected pertussis infection?References1. Cherry JD. Pertussis in adults [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:64-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, CA 90025 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1047KeywordsAntibioticsDiphtheriaDiphtheria tetanus pertussis vaccineDrugsErythromycinHealth care providersPertussisPertussis vaccineTetanusVaccines Issue Published: 15 June 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The impact of population expansion and mutation rate heterogeneity on DNA sequence polymorphism
Authors: S. Aris-Brosou, L. Excoffier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

In order to study the effect of mutation rate heterogeneity on patterns of DNA polymorphism, we simulated samples of DNA sequences with gamma-distributed nucleotide substitution rates in stationary and expanding populations. We find that recent population expansions and mutation rate heterogeneity have similar effects on several polymorphism indicators, like the shape and the mean of the observed pairwise difference distribution, or the number of segregating sites. The inferred size of population expansion thus appears overestimated if nucleotides have dissimilar substitution rates. Interestingly, population expansion and uneven mutation rates have contrasting effects on Tajima's D statistic when acting separately, and the consequence on the associated test of selective neutrality is investigated. The patterns of polymorphism of several human populations analyzed for the mitochondrial control region are examined, mainly showing the difficulty in quantifying the respective contribution of past demographic history and uneven mutation rates from a single sampled evolutionary process. However, substitution rates appear more heterogeneous in the second hypervariable segment of the control region than in the first segment.
Abstract 4168: PI3K/AKT pathway alterations in paired primary and recurrent endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Stephanie L. Wethington, Karuna Garg, Narciso Olvera, Fanny Dao, Faina Bogomolniy, Robert A. Soslow, Douglas A. Levine
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives: The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently deregulated in endometrial cancer due to somatic mutations and other molecular mechanisms. New drugs directed toward these pathways are currently in clinical trials. Many patients have available primary tumor specimens for correlative studies or enrollment eligibility. It is unknown if the same genomic alterations found in primary disease are also present in recurrent specimens. We hypothesize the genomic landscapes of primary and recurrent endometrial cancers are similar. Methods: We identified 18 patients with available paired primary and recurrent endometrial cancer specimens. Histologic diagnoses were confirmed and categorized based on current FIGO criteria. DNA was extracted from microdissected FFPE tissue sections. Mass spectrometry mutation detection was used to assess 40 hot spot mutations in AKT1, KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in PTEN. PTEN IHC was performed using validated antibodies. Results: Specimens included 9 cases with endometrioid histology, 8 with serous histology and 1 with mixed serous-endometrioid histology. Five patients had specimens from 2 separate recurrences. Of the 18 primary tumors, 4 (22%) had PIK3CA mutations, 5 (28%) had PTEN mutations, and 1 (5.5%) had a KRAS mutation. One PIK3CA and two PTEN mutations were each present in a primary tumor but not identified in the paired recurrent specimen. One NRAS mutation was identified in a secondary recurrent specimen but not found in either the paired primary or initial recurrent specimen. One AKT1 mutation was identified in both an initial and secondary recurrent specimen but not found in the corresponding primary specimen. PTEN immunostaining was absent in 9 (50%) primary specimens and in one of these cases PTEN staining found to be present in the recurrence. Conclusions: As clinical trials increasingly incorporate molecularly targeted agents, mutational and other genomic profiling of tumors will be helpful to identify patients most likely to benefit from these drugs. These data suggest that most recurrent endometrial carcinomas harbor similar genomic alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway as their primary counterparts. Further studies will be required to expand upon these preliminary findings and determine if repeat biopsy of recurrent disease in clinical trial participants is necessary. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4168. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4168
Trauma of the Lower Urinary Tract
Authors: H. Stephen Weens, J. Harold Newman, Thomas J. Florence
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

INJURIES of the bladder and posterior urethra constitute surgical emergencies. Appropriate therapy, instituted early, usually gives gratifying results, but delay in treatment causes a sharp increase in the morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important that there be available safe, simple and reliable diagnostic procedures.The clinical history and physical examination may provide sufficient information to establish a diagnosis, but oftener they serve only to focus attention on the lower urinary tract without permitting a definite conclusion concerning the exact site and extent of the injury. The urinalysis may even be deceptive. Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder can exist in . . .
Cardiac trauma from angiographic injections. A quantitative study.
Authors: J A Abbott, M J Lipton, J Kosek, T Hayashi, F C Lee
Journal: Circulation (1978)

To relate angiographic injections to potential cardiac trauma, we verified a mathematic theory that allows quantitative definition of the kinetic energy content of contrast jets emanating from the exit holes of angiographic catheters. Cineangiographic recordings of a range of jets of known energy content were obtained in 18 cardiac canine experiments and energy content and dissipation were quantified precisely from center line to jet edge. All contrast jets produced in clinical angiographic practice were turbulent, even those from hand injections into the coronary arteries. Energy content was related to an estimated cardiac wall damage threshold. At energy levels and damage thresholds predicted by the theory and computations, a traumatic spectrum was found by cineradiology and microscopic examination. A unique curve independent of jet Reynolds number was discovered relating the penetration of the contrast jet into the intravascular blood to the potential for cardiac trauma. This curve allowed ready calculation of hydraulic energy dissipation for any clinically used angiographic catheter and the definition of safe operational injection flow rates. Thus potential cardiac trauma can be anticipated and prevented.
Cyclosporine bone remodeling effect prevents steroid osteopenia after kidney transplantation
Authors: François Pierre Westeel, Hakim Mazouz, Fatima Ezaitouni, Carine Hottelart, Christina Ivan, Patrice Fardellone, Michel Brazier, Isabelle El Esper, Jacques Petit, Jean Michel Achard, André Pruna, Albert Fournier
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Novel phenyl-urea derivatives as dual-target ligands that can activate both GK and PPARγ
Authors: Lijian Zhang, Kang Tian, Yongqiang Li, Lei Lei, Aifang Qin, Lijuan Zhang, Hongrui Song, Lianchao Huo, Lijing Zhang, Xiaofeng Jin, Zhufang Shen, Zhiqiang Feng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

A series of novel phenyl-urea derivatives which can simultaneously activate glucokinase (GK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was designed and prepared, and their activation of GK and PPARγ was evaluated. The structure–activity relationships of these compounds are also described. Three compounds showed potent ability to activate both GK and PPARγ. The possible binding mode of one of these compounds with GK and PPARγ were predicted by molecular docking simulation.
Case 19-1989
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Edwin O. Wheeler, Peter C. Block
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Presentation of CaseA 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of mitral stenosis with slowly progressive exertional dyspnea and hoarseness.There was a history of rheumatic fever at the age of 10 years, with persistent murmurs of mitral stenosis and regurgitation and of aortic regurgitation. Fourteen years before entry she was admitted to this hospital, where physical examination showed that the lungs were clear. There was a ++ right ventricular heave, and the pulmonary-outflow tract was palpable during systole; the point of maximum impulse was displaced 1 cm beyond the midclavicular line; S1 was loud, and S2 was . . .
PWE-024 Clinical And Economic Burden Associated With Anastomotic Leak After Colorectal Surgeries In The United Kingdom
Authors: Y Wan, S Lim, J Riebman, N Jamous, X Gao
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the UK, anastomotic leak rate after colorectal surgeries has been reported up to 19%. Yet, clinical and economic consequences of anastomotic leak have not been clearly articulated. Our study aims to estimate the clinical/economic burden of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgeries in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> The Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to identify English National Health Service Trust adult patients undergoing colorectal surgeries between January 2007 and December 2011. Anastomotic leak was identified by re-intervention/diagnosis codes within a 30-day window following colorectal surgery, including re-operation, re-anastomosis, stent, colostomy, image guided drainage, washout procedure, abscess/drainage and diagnosis of generalised (acute) peritonitis. Hospital costs were calculated using Healthcare Resource Group and Department of Health reference index costs. Differences in outcomes between groups were compared using a propensity score matching approach, adjusting for age, gender, admission method, surgery type, comorbidity and medical stabilisation. Generalised linear models (GLM) were performed to estimate the impact of leak on costs/LOS, adjusting for covariates. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 131,689 patients received colorectal surgeries (mean age: 65.2 ± 15.4, male: 50.4%). The rate of anastomotic leak following colorectal surgery was 6.4% (8,404 out of 131,689). After propensity score matching by key covariates, Patients with leak (vs. without leak) had higher in-hospital mortality (15.9% (95% CI: 15.2%, 16.7%) vs. 6.2% (95% CI: 5.7%, 6.7%), p &lt; 0.001), 30-day readmission rate (19.7% vs. 11.6%, p &lt; 0.001), and post-operative infection rate (19.3% vs. 4.5%, p &lt; 0.001). The hospitalisations for patients with leak (vs. without leak) were more costly (£9,071 ± £4,588 vs. £6,420 ± £2,895, p &lt; 0.001) and longer (20 ± 23 vs. 11 ± 13 days, p &lt; 0.001). Anastomotic leak resulted in an additional cost of £2651 and an extra LOS of 9 days per patient. GLM analyses revealed comparable results. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study findings underscore the clinical/economic burden of anastomotic leak after colorectal surgeries in the UK. The presence of anastomotic leak was associated with greater mortality, LOS, and costs, highlighting the importance of providing prompt medical attention to minimise the impact of anastomotic leak. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> Y. Wan Consultant for: Yin Wan is an employee of Pharmerit International. Pharmerit International were paid by Ethicon Inc. in connexion with this study., S. Lim Employee of: S Lim is an employee of Ethicon, Inc., J. Riebman Employee of: J Riebman is an employee of Ethicon, Inc., N. Jamous Employee of: N Jamous is an employee of Ethicon, Inc., X. Gao Consultant for: X Gao is an employee of Pharmerit International. Pharmerit International were paid by Ethicon Inc. in connexion with this study.
Molecular regulation of HDL metabolism and function: implications for novel therapies
Authors: Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

HDL metabolism represents a major target for the development of therapies intended to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. HDL metabolism is complex and involves dissociation of HDL apolipoprotein and HDL cholesterol metabolism. Advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of HDL metabolism, macrophage cholesterol efflux, and HDL function will lead to a variety of novel therapeutics.
Forefronts in Nephrology: The molecular basis of renal cystic disease
Authors: R. Greger, M. Bleich, E. Lohrmann, I. Burhoff, R.B. Nitschke, H.J. Lang, H.C. Englert, M. Hropot, E. Schlatter, W. Rohm, P. Wangemann
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
The Genetic Architecture of Ecological Speciation and the Association with Signatures of Selection in Natural Lake Whitefish (Coregonus sp. Salmonidae) Species Pairs
Authors: S. Rogers, L Bernatchez
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Adaptive evolutionary change is contingent on variation and selection; thus, understanding adaptive divergence and ultimately speciation requires information on both the genetic basis of adaptive traits as well as an understanding of the role of divergent natural selection on those traits. The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) consists of several sympatric "dwarf" (limnetic) and normal (benthic) species pairs that co-inhabit northern postglacial lakes. These young species pairs have evolved independently and display parallelism in life history, behavioral, and morphological divergence associated with the use of distinct trophic resources. We identified phenotype–environment associations and determined the genetic architecture and the role of selection modulating population genetic divergence in sympatric dwarf and normal lake whitefish. The genetic architecture of 9 adaptive traits was analyzed in 2 hybrid backcrosses individually phenotyped throughout their life history. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with swimming behavior (habitat selection and predator avoidance), growth rate, morphology (condition factor and gill rakers), and life history (onset of maturity and fecundity). Genome scans among 4 natural sympatric pairs, using loci segregating in the map, revealed a signature of selection for 24 loci. Loci exhibiting a signature of selection were associated with QTL relative to other regions of the genome more often than expected by chance alone. Two parallel QTL outliers for growth and condition factor exhibited segregation distortion in both mapping families, supporting the hypothesis that adaptive divergence contributing to parallel reductions of gene flow among natural populations may cause genetic incompatibilities. Overall, these findings offer evidence that the genetic architecture of ecological speciation is associated with signatures of selection in nature, providing strong support for the hypothesis that divergent natural selection is currently maintaining adaptive differentiation and promoting ecological speciation in lake whitefish species pairs.
Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in infants and children.
Authors: S D Wyse, J Pfitzner, A Rees, J C Lincoln, M A Branthwaite
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The accuracy of the thermal dilution technique for measuring cardiac output in infants and children has been assessed by comparison with the direct Fick technique. Satisfactory correlation between the two methods has been demonstrated, and it is concluded that a commercially available monitor can be used to determine cardiac output by thermal dilution in acutely sick infants and children. The volume of injectate should be selected according to the weight of the child, and the value displayed by the monitor should be adjusted by the appropriate fraction.
The use of a mutant TNF-α as a vaccine adjuvant for the induction of mucosal immune responses
Authors: Hiroyuki Kayamuro, Yasuhiro Abe, Yasuo Yoshioka, Kazufumi Katayama, Tetsuya Nomura, Tokuyuki Yoshida, Kohei Yamashita, Tomoaki Yoshikawa, Yuichi Kawai, Tadanori Mayumi, Takachika Hiroi, Norio Itoh, Kazuya Nagano, Haruhiko Kamada, Shin-ichi Tsunoda, Yasuo Tsutsumi
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Years‐needed‐to‐treat to add 1 year of life: a new metric to estimate treatment effects in randomized trials
Authors: Wayne C. Levy, Dariush Mozaffarian, David T. Linker, Kenneth W. Kenyon, John G.F. Cleland, Michel Komajda, Willem J. Remme, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Marco Metra, Philip A. Poole‐Wilson
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
The Anonymous Mycobacteria in Human Disease
Authors: William Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The occurrence of mycobacteria other than the classic tubercle bacilli in apparently etiologic relation to tuberculosis-like disease has received increased attention in the last few years. Of the 23 contributors to this small book, some are concerned with the identification of these mycobacteria and their frequency in specimens submitted to health department and hospital diagnostic laboratories, others with differential diagnosis and treatment. The accompanying discussions have been reported in detail. The anonymous mycobacteria are divided into four groups, two chromogenic and two nonchromogenic. Pulmonary disease apparently caused by these bacteria closely simulates tuberculosis, and it has not been possible to differentiate it in chest films. Endobronchitis seems to be somewhat more common than tuberculosis, in general the lesions are more acute and exudative, and there appears to be somewhat more nonspecific inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, the lesions of infected lymph nodes closely resemble those of tuberculous infection, including calcification in
Preoperative determination of the surgical procedure for hepatectomy using technetium-99m-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) liver scintigraphy
Authors: A Kwon, S K Ha-Kawa, S Uetsuji, T Inoue, Y Matsui, Y Kamiyama
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

ABSTRACT Technetium–99m–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acidgalactosyl human serum albumin (Tc–GSA) is a new liver scintigraphy agent which binds to the asialoglycoprotein receptors. We evaluated the preoperative assessment for hepatectomy using Tc–GSA liver scintigraphy. Ninety patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were admitted for elective hepatectomy. Tc–GSA scintigraphy was conducted after the intravenous injection of Tc–GSA, and maximal removal rate of Tc–GSA (GSA–Rmax) was calculated using a radiopharmacokinetic model. Measurement of GSA–Rmax, conventional liver function, and 15–minute retention rate of indocyanine green (ICGR15) was carried out preoperatively. The relationships between liver functions, histological activity index (HAI), ICGR15, and GSA–Rmax values were estimated. A significant correlation was obtained between GSA–Rmax and ICGR15 ( r = .534, P &lt; .0001). Preoperative discrepancies between GSA–Rmax and ICGR15 values were seen in 15 patients. In these cases, the GSA–Rmax values correlated well with the total HAI scores ( r = .595, P &lt; .02), but no significant correlation was seen between the ICGR15 and HAI scores. Two patients died of postoperative liver failure within 2 months of the operation. These two patients were found to have severe discrepancies between their preoperative GSA–Rmax and ICGR15 values. We concluded that GSA–Rmax might be useful for selecting candidates for hepatectomy and that extended hepatectomies (di– and tri–segmentectomy) are high–risk surgical procedures in the case of low GSA–Rmax scores (below 0.35).
Antigen-Specific Suppressor Cells and Suppressor Factors in Human Filariasis with<i>Brugia malayi</i>
Authors: Willy F. Piessens, Sutanti Ratiwayanto, Sekar Tuti, James H. Palmieri, Patricia W. Piessens, Iskak Koiman, David T. Dennis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We investigated the mechanisms of specific immune unresponsiveness to microfilarial antigens. The blood of patients with obvious Brugia malayi infections contains an adherent cell type that specifically suppresses reactions to microfilarial antigens but not to other antigens. In the absence of continued stimulation by parasite antigens, this suppressor cell loses its functional activity after overnight culture in vitro. Furthermore, serums from patients with and without microfilaremia contain factors that also suppress reactions to filarial antigens in vitro. These results suggest that immune unresponsiveness in human beings with patent filarial infections is due to active suppression of immune responses directed against the parasite and not to an intrinsic inability of infected patients to react to parasite antigens.
Unusual non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in homosexual men
Authors: A.P.R. Wilson, A.EfstratiouE. Weaver, E. Allason-Jones, J. Bingham, A. Robinson, G. Colman, G.L. Ridgway, D. Mercey, B.D. Cookson
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Renal CD14 expression correlates with the progression of cystic kidney disease
Authors: Juling Zhou, Xiaosen Ouyang, Xiangqin Cui, Trenton R. Schoeb, Lesley E. Smythies, Martin R. Johnson, Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, Arlene B. Chapman, Michal Mrug
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Closed Abdominal Injury
Authors: A. J. M. Mathieson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

SPERMATOZOAdisintegrate and re-form in a random way throughout the suspension (Special Plate, Fig. B).The phenomenon only occurs when the suspension is dense-that is to say, when the number of spermatozoa per millilitre is high and when the spermatozoa are very active.The .-.. -... .