tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In-flight Emergencies: Doc Riders in the Sky
Authors: William S. Broomfield
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  I read with a great deal of interest the March 3 issue ofThe Journal, which included the results of a 1-year survey of in-flight emergency medical situations. 1   This survey included exhaustive data outlining the incidence of emergencies, type of complaint, treatment, and individual responding to the emergency. I found the last figure rather surprising. While only 13% of all in-flight emergencies were treated by a physician, commercial flights usually include two or three physicians among the list of passengers. This figure seems to indicate that during many of these situations physicians were reluctant or otherwise unable to provide assistance. I feel such reluctance can be directly attributed to fear of malpractice liability.  In January 1989, I introduced HR 676, The In-Flight Emergency Medical Assistance Act, which would free licensed physicians from constraining malpractice laws when treating this special type of emergency. James H. Sammons, MD,
The Modern Pharmacist
Authors: Terry L. Rehder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The recent article by Mazzullo et al (227:929, 1974) on the need for improved prescribing habits deserves comment. One of the most important aspects was overlooked, namely the role of the practicing pharmacist.  The authors state that today's prescriptions require only that the physician order and that the pharmacist fill from shelves stocked with manufactured drugs. With regard to the pharmacist, this is not altogether true. Recently, the Washington state legislature ruled that all Rx legend drugs dispensed from a pharmacy be personally handed to the patient by a registered pharmacist, and that in addition to the usual labeled directions, the pharmacist must verbally explain to the patient what the directions mean and provide any necessary information that the patient should be aware of. In May of last year, a Superior Court in New Jersey upheld a decision requiring pharmacists in that state to initiate and utilize
Nasal and lower airway level of nitric oxide in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: B Karadag, AJ James, E Gultekin, NM Wilson, A Bush
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Exhaled nitric oxide can be detected in exhaled air and is readily measured by chemiluminescence. It is thought to be involved in both the regulation of ciliary motility and host defence. Recently, upper airway NO has been found to be reduced in a small number of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and its measurement has been recommended as a diagnostic test for this condition. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of NO in the upper and lower airways in a larger number of children with proven PCD with those found in healthy children. Exhaled NO was measured in the upper airway by direct nasal sampling during a breath-hold and in the lower airway as the end-tidal plateau level, using a chemiluminescence NO analyser. Upper airway NO levels were significantly lower in PCD (n = 21) than in the healthy children (n = 60) (mean +/-SD, 97+/-193, 664+/-298 parts per billion (ppb), respectively, p<0.0001). In PCD, the lower airway NO levels were also reduced (2.17+/-1.18, 5.94+/-3.49 ppb, respectively, p<0.0001). The levels were not associated with steroid use and did not correlate with lung function. Although there was some overlap between normal children and those with primary ciliary dyskinesia with regard to lower airway NO, nasal NO discriminated between the two groups in all but one child in each group. Measurement of nasal NO therefore may be a useful screening test for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Angiotensin II induces fibronectin expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells via ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK
Authors: Kei Kiribayashi, Takao Masaki, Takayuki Naito, Takahiko Ogawa, Takafumi Ito, Noriaki Yorioka, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
DISEASES OF THE GUMS.Read in the Section of Oral and Dental Surgery, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: JOHN L. GISH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It is not my purpose to try and cover the whole field of pathological conditions that would naturally come under the above heading, but simply take up such parts as are more common in our general work. So far as the anatomy, histology and normal conditions of the gums are concerned, I will pass over that division, and not consume time by repeating that which we must know, in order to fully appreciate any abnormal conditions or changes that may take place in the gums. When you deal with pathological conditions, let them exist wherever they may, in our body, we at once encounter the problems of growth and development, nutrition and assimilation. So here, when we find diseased conditions of the gums, we know that the laws that govern the process of growth and development, and the functions of nutrition and assimilation, have been changed to a greater or
Food allergy or intolerance in severe recurrent aphthous ulceration of the mouth.
Authors: A Wright, F P Ryan, S E Willingham, S Holt, A C Page, M O Hindle, C D Franklin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Chez 12 malades atteints de stomatite aphteuse chronique avec ulcerations, des essais sont faits de regimes depourvus de gluten, ou de proteine de lait de vache, ou de colorants azoiques. Dans 2 cas il n'y a aucun resultat, dans 1 cas une resolution spontanee se produit avant le debut des essais. Dans les autres cas on obtient une remission complete ou au moins une amelioration sensible
Abstract 444: BRM/SMARCA2 is a critical synthetic lethal target in BRG1-deficient cancers
Authors: Mariela Jaskelioff, Gregory Hoffman, Rami Rahal, Kay Xiang, Kristy Haas, Veronica Saenz-Vash, Huili Zhai, Nicholas Keen, Frank Stegmeier, Zainab Jagani
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The mammalian SWI/SNF complexes (mSWI/SNF) regulate chromatin structure through ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling and thereby control key cellular processes. Recent cancer genome studies have revealed a significant frequency of mutations in several components of the mSWI/SNF complexes including the catalytic subunit BRG1. Emerging evidence is supportive of tumor suppressor roles for mSWI/SNF subunits, yet the inactivating nature of these mutations presents a challenge for devising targeted therapeutic strategies against cancers harboring such mutations. In this study, we interrogated epigenetic cancer dependencies by screening a deep-coverage design (DeCoDe) shRNA library targeting the epigenome across a broad range of 50+ cancer cell lines. Strikingly, this unbiased screen revealed that silencing of the SWI/SNF ATPase subunit BRM/SMARCA2, selectively inhibits the proliferation of BRG1-deficient cancer cells. BRM knockdown selectively induced cell cycle arrest in BRG1-mutant cancer cells and significantly impaired the growth of BRG1-mutant lung tumor xenografts. BRM is the paralog of BRG1, suggesting a model in which mSWI/SNF mutations lead to a hypomorphic complex that promotes tumorigenesis but cannot tolerate complete inactivation. Thus, targeting mSWI/SNF subunits that exhibit redundant activities to the residual mutated complexes may present a general strategy for SWI/SNF mutated cancers. Citation Format: Mariela Jaskelioff, Gregory Hoffman, Rami Rahal, Kay Xiang, Kristy Haas, Veronica Saenz-Vash, Huili Zhai, Nicholas Keen, Frank Stegmeier, Zainab Jagani. BRM/SMARCA2 is a critical synthetic lethal target in BRG1-deficient cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 444. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-444
Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Endoscopic and Pathological Findings
Authors: F. Sadr, M. Mohamadnejad, R. Malekzadeh, M. Sotoudeh
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 A 24-year-old man presented with chronic diarrhea. Mild splenomegaly was observed during the physical examination. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed numerous polypoid lesions in the duodenum.
DIETARY TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. CLINICAL AND METABOLIC STUDIES OF PATIENTS ON THE RICE-FRUIT DIET
Authors: Vincent P. Dole, Lewis K. Dahl, George C. Cotzias, Howard A. Eder, Margaret E. Krebs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

This report is based on a study of six patients who were treated for hypertension by means of the rice-fruit diet of Kempner (1). During the six months of study with the patients in continuous residence on a metabolic ward observations were made to follow the evolution of both clinical and metabolic changes. The purpose of this study was the analysis of certain aspects of the necessity and the sufficiency of the rice-fruit program as applied to selected patients in a controlled environment. To this end evidence will be presented to demonstrate that objective clinical improvement actually occurred in these patients while they were under detailed metabolic observation. Whether the high incidence of clinical improvement observed was due to the selection of relatively young and uncomplicated hypertensive subjects or due to the detailed supervision of dietary intake or even whether the sheltered environment of a metabolic ward may have contributed to the favorable effects was not investigated. These considerations, although pertinent to the general problem of dietary treatment (2), are not directly relevant to the present issue of association between clinical and metabolic change.
Parietal Focal Block: An Experimental and Electrocardiographic Study
Authors: V. ALZAMORA-CASTRO, RICARDO ABUGATTAS, CARLOS RUBIO, JOSÉ BOURONCLE, CESAR ZAPATA, EDUARDO SANTA-MARÍA, GUIDO BATTILANA, TEODORO BINDER, RICARDO SUBIRÍA, DAVID PAREDES
Journal: Circulation (1953)

A method of producing focal ventricular block is described. The sequence of the electrocardiographic variations is ascribed to changes in the velocity and direction of the excitatory process in the ventricular wall. The epicardial electrocardiograms resemble those considered indicative of ventricular hypertrophy or of "incomplete" or of "complete" bundle branch block. When the focal block is pronounced a positive deflection appears in the cavitary tracing. The ventricular blocks can be subdivided into "conduction blocks" and "fiber blocks," the former produced by the delay of the stimulus in the specialized conduction system and the latter produced by the delay of the excitatory process in the ordinary heart muscle.
Renal acid excretion and intracellular pH in salt-sensitive genetic hypertension.
Authors: D C Batlle, A M Sharma, M W Alsheikha, M Sobrero, A Saleh, C Gutterman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Acid-base status and renal acid excretion were studied in the Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive (S) rat and its genetically salt-resistant counterpart (R). S rats developed hypertension while on a very high salt diet (8%) and while on a more physiological salt diet (1%) and remained normotensive while on a very low salt diet (0.08%). Under the high salt diet, intracellular pH measured in freshly isolated thymic lymphocytes using 2',7'-bis (carboxyethyl)-5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein acetomethyl ester, a pH-sensitive dye, was lower in S than in R rats both when measured in the presence of HCO3/CO2 (7.32 +/- 0.02 vs. 7.38 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.05) and in its absence (7.18 +/- 0.04 vs. 7.27 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.05). Under the high salt diet, net acid excretion was higher in S than R rats (1,777 +/- 111 vs. 1,017 +/- 73 muEq/24 h per 100 g body wt, respectively, P < 0.001), and this difference was due to higher rates of both titratable acid and ammonium excretion. Directionally similar differences in intracellular pH and net acid excretion between S and R rats were also observed in salt-restricted animals. In S and R rats placed on a normal salt intake (1%) and strictly pair-fed to control food intake as a determinant of dietary acid, net acid excretion was also higher in S than in R rats (562 +/- 27 vs. 329 +/- 21 muEq/24 h per 100 g, respectively, P < 0.01). No significant difference in either blood pH or bicarbonate levels were found between S and R rats on either the 0.08%, 1%, or 8% salt diets. We conclude that renal acid excretion is augmented in the salt-sensitive Dahl/Rapp rat. Enhanced renal acid excretion may be a marker of increased acid production by cells from subjects with salt-sensitive hypertension.
Overexpression of a p -glycoprotein in hepatocellular carcinomas from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks ( Marmota monax )
Authors: S E Dunn, C S Hughes, G A LeBlanc, J M Cullen
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The leading cause of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Woodchucks infected with a closely related hepadnavirus, woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), serve as a model for HBV because woodchucks chronically infected with WHV also develop hepatocellular carcinomas. Increased expression of p-glycoprotein (pgp) in human HCCs is a common obstacle in successful cancer chemotherapy. Pgps are encoded by a family of multidrug-resistance (MDR) genes. Livers from uninfected and WHV-infected woodchucks were examined to determine if pgp was expressed in HCCs and if there was a difference in expression between HCCs and nonneoplastic liver. A 170-kd protein was identified by Western blot in HCCs, whereas, constitutive pgp was not detected in normal liver taken from the same animals in 3 of 3 cases. Immunolocalization of the pgp with a panel of monoclonal antibodies revealed intensification of staining in 7 of 20 foci and 12 of 22 HCCs from six animals. Using primers for the human MDR1 gene, a single product was detected by reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from HCCs. We have shown an increase in pgp in HCCs compared with normal liver from WHV-infected woodchucks. This is the first example of the induction of a pgp in a naturally hepadnavirus infected rodent system. It suggests the woodchuck can be a useful model for the study of the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in virally induced HCCs.
Targeting of whole killed bacteria to gastrointestinal M-cells induces humoral immunity in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Yok-Teng Chionh, Philip Sutton
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Recently, we demonstrated that oral delivery of whole killed bacteria, when agglutinated by an M-cell targeting lectin, resulted in an enhanced systemic and mucosal antibody response, as well as a protective immunity, against the gut pathogens Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni. Importantly, this protection was achieved without the addition of exogenous adjuvant. Here, in this addendum, we extend this initial study by reporting on the vaginal antibody response induced by these vaccinations. These data show that the targeting of M-cells within the gastrointestinal tract also induces the secretion of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG and IgA) at a distal mucosal site, namely the vaginal mucosa. This observation raises the possibility that oral delivery of a whole, killed bacteria vaccine that target intestinal M-cells could potentially provide a strategy for inducing protective immunity against pathogenic bacteria that infect mucosal sites outside the gastrointestinal tract.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 and its enzyme activity regulates TH2 differentiation and allergic airway disease
Authors: Purvi Mehrotra, Andrew Hollenbeck, Jonathan P. Riley, Fang Li, Ravi J. Patel, Nahid Akhtar, Shreevrat Goenka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Drug Points: Toxicity of vitamins
Authors: C D H Evans, J H Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Central place foraging pollinators, such as bees, tend to learn multi-destination routes (traplines) to efficiently visit known feeding locations and return to their nest. To what extent these routing behaviours are shared across species is unknown. Here we ran laboratory experiments to compare trapline formation and efficiency by foragers of two social bee species that differ in their collective foraging strategies: the solo foraging bumblebee <i>Bombus terrestris</i> and the mass foraging honey bee <i>Apis mellifera</i>. In a simple routing task with four artificial flowers, both bumblebees and honey bees developed a stable route, although honey bees were slower and less efficient to do so. In a more complex routing task with six flowers, only bumblebees developed a stable route. Honey bees took a longer time to discover all flowers and never integrated them in a single route. Simulations of a model of trapline formation show that these inter-specific differences can be replicated by adjusting the strength of a single learning parameter. Comparing bumblebees and honey bees in the same experimental conditions thus revealed key differences in their spatial foraging strategies, potentially driven by social constraints.
Incidence of New Primary Cancers After Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy and Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael Andersson, Hans H. Storm, Henning T. Mouridsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The incidence of new primary cancers was evaluated in 3538 postmenopausal patients who had received surgical treatment for primary breast cancer. Of these patients, 1828 with a low risk of recurrence received no further treatment. High-risk patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group (n = 846) received postoperative radiotherapy, while the second group (n = 864) received radiotherapy plus tamoxifen at a dose of 30 mg given daily for 48 weeks. The median observation time was 7.9 years. In comparison with the number of new cancers in the general population, the number of new cancers in the three groups was elevated mostly due to a high number of cancers of the contralateral breast and of colorectal cancers in the high-risk groups. The cumulative risk of nonlymphatic leukemia was increased among patients who received postoperative radiotherapy (P = .04). Cancer incidence in the high-risk tamoxifen-treated group relative to that in the high-risk group not treated with tamoxifen was not significant (1.3). No protective effect of tamoxifen on the opposite breast was seen (rate ratio for breast cancer = 1.1), but a tendency to an elevated risk of endometrial cancer was observed (rate ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-32.4). Continued and careful follow-up of women treated with tamoxifen is necessary to clarify the potential cancer-suppressive or cancer-promoting effects of this drug.
Multiscale Integration of -Omic, Imaging, and Clinical Data in Biomedical Informatics
Authors: J. H. Phan, C. F. Quo, C. Cheng, M. D. Wang
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2012)

This paper reviews challenges and opportunities in multiscale data integration for biomedical informatics. Biomedical data can come from different biological origins, data acquisition technologies, and clinical applications. Integrating such data across multiple scales (e.g., molecular, cellular/tissue, and patient) can lead to more informed decisions for personalized, predictive, and preventive medicine. However, data heterogeneity, community standards in data acquisition, and computational complexity are big challenges for such decision making. This review describes genomic and proteomic (i.e., molecular), histopathological imaging (i.e., cellular/tissue), and clinical (i.e., patient) data; it includes case studies for single-scale (e.g., combining genomic or histopathological image data), multiscale (e.g., combining histopathological image and clinical data), and multiscale and multiplatform (e.g., the Human Protein Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas) data integration. Numerous opportunities exist in biomedical informatics research focusing on integration of multiscale and multiplatform data.
Folic-acid Deficiency in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: K. R. Gough, C. McCarthy, A. E. Read, D. L. Mollin, A. H. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1964)

tion between the presence of a cutaneous response and the histology of the tumour.It is suggested that the reactions obtained are true immuno- logical reactions, and that they are due to the presence of specific cancer antigens in the tumours concerned.We would like to thank Mr. Harold Edwards and Mr. J.G.Murray for their help and advice in the carrying out of this work and in the preparation of this paper.We are also grateful to the members of the surgical staff of King's
NHS star rating system is misleading, statisticians say
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Performance indicators that “name and shame” NHS organisations or individuals should be scrapped because they “demoralise and antagonise” staff and damage the health service as a whole, the Royal Statistical Society said in a report released last week.

The society says that public sector employees and the public are suspicious of government performance statistics and see them as being used to meet political ends and as likely to be misreported by the media. The society wants the government to take a “much wider consideration of the ethics and cost-effectiveness of performance monitoring” and to look at alternatives.

Launching the report, Professor Sheila Bird, of the Medical Research …
EFFECT OF ALPRENOLOL ON MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH DEFINITE OR SUSPECTED ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: MogensP Andersen, Jens Frederiksen, HansJ Jürgensen, Flemming Pedersen, Peter Bechsgaard, DanA Hansen, Bo Nielsen, Ole Pedersen-Bjergaard, SørenL Rasmussen
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
The Peripheral White Blood Cells and Metronidazole
Authors: Yves Lefebvre
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A group of 386 patients was studied for the possible effects of metronidazole on the white blood cell (WBC), relative percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to lymphocytes, and absolute polymorphonuclear cell counts. The only change directly attributable to metronidazole is the occurrence of neutropenia in ten of the cases. This neutropenia in all instances was transient. In the event of a failure of cure or of a reinfection, WBC and differential counts should be made before instituting another course of therapy. It would seem logical (1) to do a leukocyte and differential count before and after each metronidazole treatment in those persons showing some evidence of health deficiency, (2) to treat only proven cases of trichomoniasis, and (3) to await further studies before giving metronidazole to pregnant patients.
Cross-Sensitization of the Feet and Hands Due to Chrome-Tanned Leather Shoes and Gloves
Authors: George E. Morris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is an axiom of contact dermatitis that the patient's rash frequently disappears when it is removed from contact with the substance that caused his eruption. Recently, I enumerated twenty-four reasons why this does not always occur.1 As one of these reasons, I stated that patients sensitive to chromium may have the eruption on their hands aggravated by wearing chrome-tanned shoes. This has not previously been described, and I wish to do so in this article.The following case from my files illustrates cross-sensitization of the feet and hands due to chrome-tanned leather shoes and gloves.Case ReportA 23-year-old . . .