tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P363: Evaluation of Health and Economic Impact of the Current Policy to Eliminate Industrial Trans Fats from Processed Foods in Argentina by 2014
Authors: Adolfo L Rubinstein, Natalia Elorriaga, Ulises Garay, Rosana Poggio, Joaquín Caporale, Dariush Mozaffarian, Gabriela Matta, Andrés Pichón-Riviére
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: Industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) increase CHD risk, but use remains high in developing nations. From 2004-2014, Argentina initiated policies to reduce industrial TFA: voluntary agreements with industry in 2004, mandatory labeling in 2006, and elimination by Food Code by 2014. We aimed to evaluate the policy’s impact on CHD, DALYs and costs. Methods: A review of diet trials, local studies, and consultations with experts was performed to estimate baseline TFA intake in 2004 and types of replacements used by industry from 2004-2014. We built an epidemiological simulation model calculating 3 scenarios to estimate effects of isocaloric replacement of TFA with alternative fats/oils, based on (1) changes in the total:HDL-C ratio (Δ TC/HDL) and (2) changes in other risk biomarkers, and the predicted effects of these biomarker changes on CHD; and (3) observed associations of TFA which CHD events in prospective studies, which may better account for pleiotrophic effects. We used Framingham risk equations to estimate first CHD events with vs. without the policy according to individual age-sex-risk factor distributions (including ΔTC/HDL), utilizing an Argentine population-based sample of 4,000 adults weighted to the full population. Results: After 2014, this policy would prevent each year from 1.3% (based on Δ TC/HDL only; to 7.4% (based on pleiotrophic effects) of all CHD events in Argentina (Table). Accounting for intervention costs and averted events, the policy is actually cost-saving. Conclusions: This is the first model evaluating the impact of an actual policy for eliminating TFA in a developing country. Given the 165,000 annual CHD events in Argentina, at an annual incidence rate of almost 1% in adults, near elimination of industrial TFA might avert under the most conservative assumptions, 1.3% of CHD and saved $36 million. In other low-resource settings, where TFA intake is higher, these effects could be larger. Our findings inform policy makers in Argentina and other developing countries on the huge impact of this policy
Abstract MP55: DNA Methylation Mediates The Effects Of Obesity On Insulin Resistance In African American Youth And Young Adults
Authors: Xiaojing Xu, Shaoyong Su, Vernon Barnes, Harold Snieder, Xiaoling Wang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Obesity and its related cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes have imposed huge burdens on public health worldwide. Insulin resistance is considered one of the key players in the development of obesity related comorbidities. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we aim to examine whether and to what extent peripheral blood DNA methylation can mediate obesity’s effect on insulin resistance using a genome-wide approach. Illumina 450k data were obtained for 456 black youth and young adults (226 obese cases vs. 230 lean controls) aged 14-34 years with fasting insulin levels available for 293 subjects and genome-wide gene expression data available for 92 subjects. As shown in figure 1, obesity and fasting insulin associated differentially methylated CpG sites were identified separately. Among the overlap of these 2 lists (n=69), 32 CpG sites mapping to 28 genes significantly mediated obesity’s effect on fasting insulin. Principal component analysis found that, in total, these 32 methylation sites explained up to 17.3% of the effect of obesity on insulin. Among these mediators, the top CpG site is located in the promoter region of the LIPA (lipase A) gene, and this single CpG site explained 8.4% of the effect of obesity on insulin. Consistent with the higher methylation levels observed in the obese group, LIPA expression was decreased in the obese group (p=0.038). A significant negative partial correlation was also found between LIPA methylation levels and its expression levels (p=0.01, r=-0.26). Genetic variants in LIPA have been suggested to contribute to the interindividual variability in metabolic traits observed among obese individuals. In summary, we observed that peripheral blood DNA methylation mediates obesity’s effect on insulin resistance in African American youth and young adults, explaining up to 17% of the effect.
Abstract 12059: High Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated With Larger Coronary Artery Diameters
Authors: John Ho, John Cannaday, Carrie Finley, Carolyn Barlow, Wendy Wade, Dale Reinhardt, Joe Ellis, Laura DeFina, Larry Gibbons, Kenneth Cooper
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with morbidity and mortality even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The biological mechanism for the protective effect of high fitness is largely unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high fitness would be associated with larger coronary artery diameters independent of traditional risk factors. Methods: In this study, 500 men with a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) &lt; 10 were evaluated, with 100 from each age-adjusted fitness quintile (very poor, 1-20%; poor, 21-39%; fair, 40-59%; good, 60-79%; and excellent, 80-100%). Each participant had undergone fitness assessment with an exercise treadmill test on the day of CACS. Blinded to the fitness category, one of us measured the proximal diameters of the left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and the right coronary (RCA) arteries. Spearman correlations were calculated for the diameters of each coronary artery with treadmill time and for the sum of artery diameters with treadmill time. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to estimate the association between fitness and coronary artery diameters while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Each coronary artery diameter (LM r=0.12, p=0.009; LAD r=0.11, p=0.02; LCx r=0.10, p=0.02; RCA r=0.18, p&lt;0.0001) and the sum of artery diameters (r=0.19, p&lt;0.0001) were positively correlated with fitness after adjusting for body surface area. The RCA diameter and the sum of artery diameters remained positively correlated with fitness after further adjusting for traditional risk factors. In multivariate analyses, men in the highest fitness quintile had significantly larger coronary artery diameters compared to those in the lowest fitness quintile [β=0.85 mm (SE=0.27)]. A positive linear trend was observed across fitness quintiles and the LM (p=0.008), LAD (p=0.05), RCA (p&lt;0.0001) diameters, and the sum of coronary artery diameters (p=0.0003). When examined continuously, each minute increase in treadmill time was associated with larger diameters (β=0.08 mm (SE=0.02) p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Higher fitness is positively associated with larger coronary artery diameters.
689. Restriction Profiles of Primate TRIM5α on FIV
Authors: Douglas E. Dylla, Melissa A. Hickey, Theodora Hatziioannou, Paul D. Bieniasz, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

TRIM5α is a dominant repressive factor against retrovirus infection. Different species variants of TRIM5α have unique patterns of restriction against lentiviruses and oncoretroviruses. Human TRIM5α (TRIM5αhu) has been shown to effectively inhibit N tropic MLV (N-MLV) but have little effect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Non-human primate species variants of TRIM5α display strong viral restriction against HIV-1. A recent publication (Saenz et al. J Virol., 2005 Dec;79(24):15175-88) detailed the restrictive properties of human and rhesus monkey TRIM5α against FIV when exogenously expressed in the feline cell line CrFK, but saw no restriction in the D17 canine cell line. Using stable mouse cell lines expressing species variants of TRIM5α, we observed no restriction of FIV by TRIM5αhu while both rhesus and African green monkey (AGM) TRIM5α display significant viral inhibition. Additionally, a human TRIM5α chimera containing the restrictive SPRY domain residues from rhesus displayed considerable inhibition of FIV similar to what has been observed with HIV-1. These findings suggest that HIV-1 and FIV capsids pose similar targets for TRIM5α. Ongoing experiments are investigating the restrictive capabilities of endogenous TRIM5αhu on FIV and HIV in several human cell types. Microarray analysis and RT-PCR of several human tissues and cell lines suggest differential expression of TRIM5. The results from this study have implications for the utility of FIV as a gene transfer vector in humans and non-human primates.
A comparison of serum inflammatory cytokines according to phenotype in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Y.B. Choe, Y.J. Hwang, H.J. Hahn, J.W. Jung, H.J. Jung, Y.W. Lee, K.J. Ahn, J.I. Youn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Plaque-type psoriasis manifests with various morphological phenotypes and different clinical activity over time in the same individual or from one patient to another. Circulating cytokines, especially T-helper (Th) 1- and Th17-related, have been suggested to reflect the inflammatory nature of psoriasis. However, studies regarding cytokine profile according to morphological phenotypes are quite scarce.We sought to analyse the circulating Th1 and Th17 cytokines according to clinical phenotype and investigated the correlation between disease severity [Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)] and the serum level of inflammatory cytokines.Seventy-one patients with psoriasis were divided into two groups according to clinical phenotype: chronic stable (CS) and eruptive inflammatory (EI). Th1- and Th17-derived cytokines were measured using multiplex cytokine assay.It was noted that interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist and IL-17A were elevated in the EI group compared with the CS group. We also noticed that the PASI is relatively well correlated with serum cytokine level in the CS state but not as well in the EI counterpart.The level of serum inflammatory cytokines differs according to morphological phenotype. Also, the PASI does not seem to be a suitable tool to assess disease severity in patients with psoriasis with EI characteristics.
Texas Instruments Medical Billing System
Authors: J. Terdiman, E. Van Brunt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The Literature of Medicine1 January 1985Texas Instruments Medical Billing SystemJ. TERDIMAN, M.D., Ph.D., E. VAN BRUNT, M.D.J. TERDIMAN, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. VAN BRUNT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-141 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIf the Texas Instruments billing system had been available 4 or 5 years ago, when personal computers first began to appear in physicians' offices, it would have been hailed as a significant achievement in medical office systems. It provides many useful functions, including billing, accounting, reporting, and patient scheduling. In addition to storing data on charges and receipts, the system can store names of procedures, diagnoses, drugs prescribed, and laboratory tests ordered.The system consists of a single work station that can be used by only one operator at a time but is able to support up to 36 independent... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Permanente Medical Group, Inc. Oakland, California*In selecting computer software for review, we have been giving preference to software serving clinical needs in diagnosis or treatment and in information seeking and handling. We shall not, in general, be reviewing software for office records and financial management. However, we believe the lengthy review by Drs. Terdiman and Van Brunt beginning on this page is valuable in that it illustrates the kinds of criteria that should be applied in considering and purchasing "turn-key" management systems (microcomputer and related hardware and the software that represent complete systems ready for operation). In the future we shall consider reviewing office management systems only if the information they handle is likely to be applicable to problems in diagnosis and treatment.—The Editor. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 141-144KeywordsComputer softwareComputing systemsDrugsForecastingInformation technologyLaboratory testsPersonal computersSystematic reviews ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P312: Measuring the Food, Tobacco, Alcohol and Physical Activity Urban Environments in Relation to Cardiovascular Health: The Heart Healthy Hoods Pilot Study in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Julia Diez, Usama Bilal, Pedro Gullon, Silvia Alfayate, Esperanza Escortell, Isabel del Cura, Manuel Franco
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Several features of the residential environment have been related to cardiovascular risk. This pilot study tested the feasibility of measuring four specific domains of the urban environment (food, tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in 12 census sections within the Heart Healthy Hoods Study in Madrid, Spain. Methods: 12 census sections within the city limits of Madrid were selected using the Median Neighborhood Index (MNI). The MNI selects median clusters (in terms of aging, education, segregation and urban form) of contiguous areas within a city using the SaTSCAN statistic. Well-trained data collectors conducted the fieldwork during 3 weeks. To assess the food environment they collected data on the number and type of stores as well as the healthy food availability within stores, using an abbreviated and adapted version of the NEMS-S inventory. For the tobacco and alcohol environment they collected data on the type and number of points of sale. For the physical activity environment they directly measured the attributes of 169 street segments associated with walking and cycling within the 12 census sections using the SPACES inventory. The same tool was used to virtually assess the 169 segments using Google Street View. All data collected were geolocated to produce relevant maps. The cardiovascular health profile of the residents over 40 was assessed using the Primary Care Electronic Health Records from two Health Care Center in the area. Results: The food environment included 2 public markets, 41 food stores and 61 food places. In terms of healthy food availability (score ranges from 0-27), the assessed stores had a mean score of 12.03, higher for supermarkets compared to other types of stores. The tobacco and alcohol environment included 64 and 94 points of sale respectively. The physical activity environment score includes function, safety, aesthetics and destinations for walking and cycling. For walking, the total score has a mean of 4.27 (ranges from 0-6.96); and 3.50 (ranges from 0-5.97) for cycling. Of the 15715 residents living in the study area, 23,4% were above 65 years of age, 49,6% did not complete secondary education, and 25,9% were foreign-born. The cardiovascular health profile of 8357 residents over 40 showed the following prevalence estimates: Obesity 9.3%, Diabetes 10.4%, Hypertension 29.8%, Hypercholesterolemia 28.7%. Conclusions: This pilot study showed a feasible way to measure four important features of the Urban Environment (food, tobacco, alcohol and physical activity) in direct relation to Cardiovascular Health. We aim to use these assessment tools for the future Heart Healthy Hoods Study that will be conducted in 90 neighborhoods of Madrid in order to study the effect of residential environments on the cardiovascular health of its residents.
Characterization of human circulating endothelial cells to monitor response to antitumor therapy in human clinical trials
Authors: Evelyn M. McKeegan, Dawn Carlson, Raymond Knight, Milagros Colon-Lopez, Peter Devries, Rod Humerickhouse, Rick Lesniewski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

PR-5   Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) have been observed at elevated concentrations in preclinical models of cancer and in cancer patients. Modulations of the CEC concentrations have been correlated with responses to therapy in preclinical and clinical settings (1, 2). Flow cytometric methods to enumerate CEC and to examine these cells phenotypically for activation status (CD106), stage of differentiation (CD133) and apoptotic status (Annexin V) were established for use in human cancer patients. CEC were evaluated in humans, both healthy volunteers and patients enrolled in Abbott Oncology clinical trials. Examination of CEC in 84 healthy humans demonstrated a low and consistent CEC number averaging 5.3 ∓ 0.3 CEC/μl. In 61 patients with soft tissue sarcoma and 75 patients with renal cell carcinoma enrolled in clinical trials with the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 mimetic peptide, ABT-510, baseline CEC averaged 10.5 +/- 1.5 CEC/μl (p  15 had a median time to progression of 2 months, compared to 3 months for patients with CEC   Resting and activated endothelial cells are increased in the peripheral blood of cancer patients.  Blood, 2001. 97: p. 3658-3661.2. Monestiroli S, M.P., Burlini A, et al.,  Kinetics and viability of circulating endothelial cells as surrogate angiogenesis marker in an animal model of human lymphoma.  Can Res, 2001. 61: p. 4341-4344.
Abstract P167: Pentax-AWS is More Useful Than Macintosh Laryngoscope and Airtraq to Establish Tracheal Intubation while Uninterrupted Chest Compression: a Comparative Study with Manikin
Authors: Jun-ichi Koyama
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose. In resuscitation, chest compression is essential, and it should be performed appropriately and uninterruptedly to obtain the return of spontaneous circulation and breathing. However, attempt of tracheal intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope (Mac) occasionally needs a temporary pause of chest compression and delays its resuming. Consequently, we studied the efficacy of the new video-laryngoscopes, PENTAX-AWS (AWS) and Airtraq (ATQ) as device used for tracheal intubation while nonstop chest compression. Materials and Methods. Twenty seven participants including 11 non-anesthetic doctors, 1 paramedic, 11 nurses and 4 medical students enrolled in this study. At first, Participants and supplementary assistant who concentrated on chest compression simulated CPR with the use of Resusci Anne Simulator manikin (Laerdal) placed on medical emergency bed as 30:2 protocol proposed in 2005 AHA Guidelines. Strength and rhythm of the compression were monitored in real-time by PC skill-reporting system. After the chest compressions became constant, participants were requested to intubate with using Mac, AWS and ATQ in both situations without chest compression and while the compression. Results. Tracheal intubation was successfully achieved within 3 attempts by 92.6% participants in Mac and 100% in AWS and ATQ without chest compression, and 66.7% in Mac, 100% in AWS and 81.5% in ATQ while chest compression. Rate of success in the 1st attempt was 55.6% in Mac, 96.3% in AWS and 51.9% in ATQ while compression. Time to intubate while compression with AWS was 14.6s, which was significantly shorter than 26.1s with ATQ in the successful attempts. Conclusions. With using AWS, high success rate of tracheal intubation was achieved even in chest compression situation in comparison with the other two devices. Macintosh laryngoscope is the most inconvenient among these devices when tracheal intubation is attempted while chest compression. ATQ showed significant decrease of success rate in compression situation despite it achieved 100% success without compression. PENTAX-AWS is expected to be more useful than Macintosh laryngoscope and Airtraq to establish tracheal intubation while uninterrupted chest compression in clinical use.
Abstract 18199: Prevalence, Profile and Impact on Clinical Course of Transient Apical Wall Thickening in Patients with Stress Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dong Geum Shin, In-Jeong Cho, Chi Young Shim, Sung Kee Ryu, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Geu-Ru Hong, Jong-Won Ha, Namsik Chung
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Recently transient apical wall thickening mimicking apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been reported during recovery from stress cardiomyopathy (SCM). However, incidence and outcomes for these patients have not been assessed. We aimed to explore the prevalence, profiles, and impact on clinical course of transient apical wall thickening in patients with SCM.   Methods:  We retrospective analyzed SCM registry (Jan 2009 to Dec 2013) and among 429 patients with SCM, 124 patients who had typical echocardiographic features of apical ballooning without significant stenosis on coronary angiogram and fully recovered myocardial function on follow-up echocardiography were selected. Among them, we selected patients with transient apical wall thickening confined predominantly to the LV apex then normalized on serial echocardiograms. Clinical characteristics and incidence of cardiac complications were compared between patients with apical wall thickening and those without.   Results:  Among 124 patients, 17 (14%) patients showed transient apical wall thickening. In time sequence, apical wall thickening was observed 15.6 ± 9.9 days after the initial diagnosis of SCM. Patients with transient apical wall thickening showed a higher prevalence of septic shock as a triggering factor of SCM than those without (41.2 vs. 19.6%, p=0.048). Despite a higher LV ejection fraction at the time of diagnosis of SCM (41.6±11.3 vs. 35.5 ± 11.2, p=0.04), cardiac complications were more prevalent in patients with transient apical wall thickening compared to patients without (64.7 vs. 35.5%, p=0.02). In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with apical wall thickening (35.3 vs. 11.2%, p= 0.009, Figure.1).   Conclusion:  Transient apical wall thickening in patients with SCM is not uncommon. Patients with SCM in septic condition are susceptible to this finding and showed worse prognosis compare to those without transient apical wall thickening during recovery from SCM.