tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The calcimimetic AMG 073 reduces parathyroid hormone and calcium x phosphorus in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jill S. Lindberg, Sharon M. Moe, William G. Goodman, Jack W. Coburn, Stuart M. Sprague, Wei Liu, Peter W. Blaisdell, Robert M. Brenner, Stewart A. Turner, Kevin J. Martin
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
NAFLD and NASH: Important diseases before and after liver transplantation
Authors: Andy S. Yu, Emmet B. Keeffe
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Abstract   Many subjects with cryptogenic cirrhosis have underlying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The natural history of NASH-related cryptogenic cirrhosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is not well defined. A primarily retrospective study of patients with the clinical histological phenotype of NASH-related cirrhosis undergoing OLT was performed. Data were compared with 2 sets of age- and weight-matched controls with (1) primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis or (2) alcoholic liver disease. After OLT, all patients were managed by a standard immunosuppressive protocol. Liver biopsies were performed at 6 and 12 months after OLT and at 1- to 2-year intervals thereafter, as well as when liver enzyme levels were elevated enough to warrant diagnostic biopsy. Twenty-seven subjects with cryptogenic cirrhosis and a clinical histological phenotype of NASH and 3 patients with a long-standing diagnosis of NASH before OLT were included. The 30-day perioperative mortality was 1 in 30 patients. During a median follow-up of 3.5 ± 2.7 years, 2 additional patients died of sepsis. There was a time-dependent increase in the risk for allograft steatosis that approached 100% by 5 years compared with only an approximately 25% incidence of steatosis in the control groups (P
Cooperation between United Kingdom and Soviet Union
Authors: R L Powles, A H Goldstone, R Stevens, A Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

there is such a level of apathy and indifference among BMA members?As one who wishes to see a more vigorous, responsive, and successful BMA I suggest that greater use be made of the secret ballot at divisional meetings, and that rules be changed so that secret ballots can be held at the request of any member present.Any form of secret ballot, correctly used, could encourage a greater sense of participation and thus help to ensure the future success of our BMA.
HYSTERIA IN CHILDREN.
Authors: EDWARD E. MAYER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Hysteria in children was first described by Ranvlin, in 1748. Before him, in 1681, Lepois had ventured to combat Hipprocrates' view that it was a uterine disorder, and heretofore only a female complaint, but he had not gone beyond this. Nor did Ranvlin treat of the subject in a clear manner. It remained for Briquet, in 1855, to show that it did occur in children, and as frequently as in adults. At that time Carter and Brodie had already published their admirable articles on hysteria in adults, but they had ignored its presence in childhood. Since Briquet's time, Bourneville, Baginsky, Tourette, Casaubon, Ollivier, Clopault, Richer, Charcot, etc., have enriched the literature on the subject. To-day it is generally accepted that hysteria is not rare among children, and that as a children's disease it dates from antiquity, as witness the children's crusades, the epidemics of chorea magna, the tale of the
Comparable profiles of serum histamine and IgG4 levels in allergic beekeepers
Authors: C. Chliva, X. Aggelides, M. Makris, A. Katoulis, D. Rigopoulos, E. Tiligada
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Growing evidence identifies histamine as a key player in allergic responses, but the reports relating serum histamine to tolerance are scarce and inconclusive. This study investigated the relationship of circulating histamine to the tolerant phenotype in allergic beekeepers. The results showed a positive correlation between the serum levels of histamine and specific immunoglobulin G4 (sIgG4) to honeybee venom, but not with total IgE or sIgE. Interestingly, both sIgG4 and histamine levels were negatively correlated with the time since the last bee sting. In contrast to total IgE and sIgE, serum sIgG4 and histamine levels followed comparable patterns, being higher in tolerant/recently stung individuals and lower in the least frequently stung subgroup. The data obtained in this pilot study associated, for the first time, serum histamine levels with allergen tolerance in allergic individuals and provided the lead for further considering the putative immunomodulatory properties of histamine in allergic responses.
Gap in life expectancy between classes narrows, but disparity in disease-free years remains
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Men and women living in the poorest areas of England not only die younger than those living in more affluent districts, they also spend twice as many years in poor health, says a report in Health Statistics Quarterly , a publication of the Office for National Statistics.

The gap between life expectancy in rich and poor areas has narrowed slightly in recent years, concludes the author, Madhavi Bajekal, but the gap in disease-free life expectancy is far wider and showed no sign of movement between 1994 and 1999, when the data were collected.

Dr Bajekal's conclusions are based on the annual health survey for …
Fine-Tuning of Bitter Taste Receptors May Be Key to Animal Survival
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

One key to animal survival is bitter taste—the better to avoid ingesting potentially harmful poisons or foods. The evolution of bitter taste has been a hot topic amongst evolutionary biologists, and with more and more DNA data available, a rich area of exploration. Now, Behrens et al. (2014) examined the genetic repertoire of bitter taste receptor genes in chickens and frogs, which represent two extremes. Chickens only have three bitter taste receptor genes (Tas2rs), whereas frogs have more than 50 (humans are somewhere in the middle). They studied the different molecular properties of cloned Tas2r genes and measured their responses when exposed to a panel of 46 natural or synthetic bitter compounds. First, they constructed a gene tree for a selection of Tas2r genes of various vertebrate species and showed that all avian genes come from the same three ancestral genes. Frogs were found to have five ancestral genes, indicating that their expanded repertoire was due to later gene duplication events. They showed that all the three chicken Tas2rs are “broadly tuned” for bitter taste, whereas six frog Tas2rs tested are mixed consisting of broadly as well as narrowly tuned receptors. Interestingly, both chicken and frog receptor repertoires responded to about half of the compounds, showing that the tuning range rather than the number of Tas2r genes was a critical factor. In general, individual substances activated different receptors in clearly separated concentration ranges, which may also provide a clue to the role of bitter taste diversity in enhancing the chance of survival. The authors conclude that a low number of functional Tas2r genes found in chickens can be compensated by an increased average tuning width. They speculate that the environmental duality of amphibian life, living on both land and water, may account for the increased Tas2r gene diversity in frogs. In mixed aquatic and terrestrial environments amphibians such as frogs may have encountered a larger number of bitter compounds, causing the evolutionary pressure to provide a larger taste receptor repertoire.
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) Expression Changes from Normal Urothelium to Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Human Bladder
Authors: Massimo Lazzeri, Maria Giuliana Vannucchi, Michele Spinelli, Elisa Bizzoco, Patrizia Beneforti, Damiano Turini, Maria-Simonetta Faussone-Pellegrini
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Morphological characterization of cardiomyocytes isolated from a transplantable cardiac tumor derived from transgenic mouse atria (AT-1 cells).
Authors: J B Delcarpio, N A Lanson, L J Field, W C Claycomb
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We have developed a transplantable tumor lineage derived from transgenic mouse atrial cardiomyocytes that express the SV40 large T oncogene and have named these cardiomyocytes AT-1 cells. In this study, the transplantable tumors, freshly isolated tumor cardiomyocytes, and cultured tumor cardiomyocytes were examined using phase-contrast microscopy, autoradiography, and electron microscopy. The vast majority of the subcutaneous tumor cells, greater than 90% of the cellular mass of the tumor, exhibited sarcomeric banding. Ultrastructural characteristics typical of in vivo atrial cardiac muscle cells, including well-organized myofibrils, gap junctions, and atrial-specific cytoplasmic granules, were observed in in situ and in freshly isolated AT-1 cells. Those cells that did not contain some form of organized myofibrils were primarily vascular elements, such as endothelial cells. Labeling with [3H]thymidine indicated that greater than 90% of cultured AT-1 cells were synthesizing DNA; furthermore, many cells could be seen undergoing cell division. Electron microscopy revealed that the cultured AT-1 cardiomyocytes contained all of the above-described characteristics, including a well-developed transverse tubular system.
Effect of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy-Based Screening on Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: B. Joseph Elmunzer, Rodney A. Hayward, Philip S. Schoenfeld, Sameer D. Saini, Amar Deshpande, Akbar K. Waljee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded varying estimates of the benefit of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our objective was to more precisely estimate the effect of FS-based screening on the incidence and mortality of CRC by performing a meta-analysis of published RCTs. Methods and Findings Medline and Embase databases were searched for eligible articles published between 1966 and 28 May 2012. After screening 3,319 citations and 29 potentially relevant articles, two reviewers identified five RCTs evaluating the effect of FS screening on the incidence and mortality of CRC. The reviewers independently extracted relevant data; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. The quality of included studies was assessed using criteria set out by the Evidence-Based Gastroenterology Steering Group. Random effects meta-analysis was performed. The five RCTs meeting eligibility criteria were determined to be of high methodologic quality and enrolled 416,159 total subjects. Four European studies compared FS to no screening and one study from the United States compared FS to usual care. By intention to treat analysis, FS-based screening was associated with an 18% relative risk reduction in the incidence of CRC (0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91, p<0.001, number needed to screen [NNS] to prevent one case of CRC = 361), a 33% reduction in the incidence of left-sided CRC (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.59–0.76, p<0.001, NNS = 332), and a 28% reduction in the mortality of CRC (relative risk [RR] 0.72, 95% CI 0.65–0.80, p<0.001, NNS = 850). The efficacy estimate, the amount of benefit for those who actually adhered to the recommended treatment, suggested that FS screening reduced CRC incidence by 32% (p<0.001), and CRC-related mortality by 50% (p<0.001). Limitations of this meta-analysis include heterogeneity in the design of the included trials, absence of studies from Africa, Asia, or South America, and lack of studies comparing FS with colonoscopy or stool-based testing. Conclusions This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrates that FS-based screening significantly reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in average-risk patients. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Pulmonary Emphysema and Related Lung Diseases
Authors: Louis J. Kettel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To compile a text encompassing all aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the obstructive pulmonary diseases would be a Herculean task. Rodman and Sterling accepted the challenge and preface their effort by describing the magnitude of the problem and admitting that their goal is ambitious. Their proposed plan to synthesize the available knowledge, present a realistic therapeutic approach, and reach a large audience, if accomplished, would have resulted in the best reference source yet available in the field. The table of contents, the printer's format, the selection of illustrative material, and the index achieve these ends acceptably. Save for some redundancy and conflicting emphasis, especially in the one third of the book devoted to therapy, the sometimes humorous style is easily read, but the overall presentation falls short of the authors' desired goals. The written text fails because it lacks adequate annotation. The authors admit that they
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Armen H. Tashjian, Kenneth E. W. Melvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

In two patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland tumor extracts contained 1000 to 2000 times more hypocalcemic activity than normal human thyroid tissue. Activity was detected by bioassay in plasma of both patients. One had severe hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Hypocalcemic activity rose in response to calcium infusion and closely paralleled changes in plasma calcium. Several lines of evidence supported the conclusion that the hypocalcemic material in tumors and plasma was thyrocalcitonin. Parallel log dose-response lines were obtained in bioassays of tumor extracts, plasma and porcine thyrocalcitonin. The hypocalcemic activity was lost during incubation with purified thyrocalcitonin-inactivating factor and hydrogen peroxide. Like authentic thyrocalcitonin, the activity did not sediment in the ultracentrifuge. Net synthesis of thyrocalcitonin was shown by culture of tumor cells in vitro. Human tumor thyrocalcitonin did not cross-react significantly in the radioimmunoassay for porcine thyrocalcitonin.
Injuries to Man From Marine Invertebrates in the Australian Region
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Examination of this book could not fail to give some pleasurable satisfaction to any physician with a moderate curiosity about the hazards of bathing in salt waters, from the invertebrates which inhabit them.  The greatest part of the book is given to coelenterates and the many types of jellyfish stings they may produce, some mild, some excruciatingly painful, and some on occasion lethal. It has been necessary for the authors to rely upon news reports and secondary accounts of many of the examples, medical observation the exception rather than the rule. Nevertheless, some excellent illustrations of the dermal reactions are given, and the mechanisms are stated as well as is possible; too frequently, however, the knowledge of toxic agents, allergic reactions, or anaphylaxis, is fragmentary or even speculative.  Against these difficulties, the accounts are well prepared and stripped of emotional overtone. The illustrations of the marine creatures are uniformly fine.
P1-07-09: Estrogen Receptor (ER) mRNA and ER-Related Gene Expression in Breast Cancers That Are 1%-10% ER-Positive by Immunohistochemistry.
Authors: T Iwamoto, D Booser, V Valero, JL Murray, K Koenig, FJ Esteva, NT Ueno, J Zhang, W Shi, Y Qi, J Matsuoka, GN Hortobagyi, C Hatzis, WF Symmans, L Pusztai
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Our goal was to examine whether borderline estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers, defined as 1–10% positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC), show the same global gene expression pattern and high ESR1 mRNA expression as ER-positive cancers or are more similar to ER-negative cancers. Patients and methods: ER status was determined by IHC in 465 primary breast cancers and with Affymetrix U133A gene chip (ESR1 mRNA gene expression: Probe set = 205225_at). We compared expressions of ESR1 mRNA and a 106-probe set ER-associated gene signature score between ER-negative (n=183), 1–9% (n=25), exactly 10% (n=6), and &amp;gt; 10% ER-positive (n=251) cancers. We also assessed the molecular class of the borderline ER-positive cases using the PAM-50 classifier. Results: Among the 1–9%, 10% and &amp;gt; 10% IHC positive cases, 24%, 67% and 92% were also ER-positive by ESR1 mRNA expression. The average ESR1 expression was significantly higher in the &amp;gt; 10% IHC-positive cohorts compared to the 1–9% or completely negative cases but in these latter two cohorts ER expression was similarly low. The average ER gene signature scores were similar for the ER-negative and 1–9% IHC-positive cases, but significantly lower than in &amp;gt; 10% ER-positive cases. None of the 1–9% ER-positive cases were classified as Luminal A, 2 were Luminal B and 12 were Basal-like. Among the 10% ER-positive cases, 2 were Luminal A and 1 was Luminal B. Conclusion: Overall, 24% of the 1–9% and 67% of the 10% ER-positive cancers show ESR1 mRNA levels and gene signatures that are consistent with ER-positive, potentially endocrine sensitive tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-09.
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone Levels, and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Giuseppe Lippi, Martina Montagnana, Giovanni Targher, Gian Cesare Guidi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We read with interest the recent article by Reis et al. (1), who concluded that neither parathyroid hormone (PTH) nor 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] level predicts any of the three biochemical components (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol) of metabolic syndrome. Since 25(OH)D and PTH may play a role in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, we retrospectively analyzed associations between results of PTH, 25(OH)D, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol tests, which were performed on an entire cohort of outpatients aged >35 years who were consecutively referred to our clinical laboratory by general practitioners for routine blood testing over the past 2 years.

Venous blood …
Book: On the History of Lunacy: The 19th Century and After
Authors: D. Healy
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Edward H Hare Gabbay, pp 176 ISBN 0953269906 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> History, to quote Voltaire, is a trick the living play on the dead. All too often the trick involves myths about the past being used to buttress current theories or practices. By means of a conjuring trick, the wisdom of former times is shown to coincide remarkably with the interests of currently dominant groups. This approach, which suppresses variability or ambiguity, makes the past monolithic. Edward Hare's work was quite at odds with such … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Genital herpes and its management
Authors: P Sen, S E Barton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Genital herpes is an important public health disease and is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide.We present the latest evidence based guidelines from the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other expert committees to provide an up to date account of genital infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), its clinical features and diagnosis, and a practical approach to management of affected patients.Treatment regimens have largely been based on evidence obtained from randomised controlled trials, while certain new diagnostic tests are limited by lower levels of evidence obtained only from descriptive or case studies.
Upregulation of Functional β <sub>3</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor in the Failing Canine Myocardium
Authors: Heng-Jie Cheng, Zhu-Shan Zhang, Katsuya Onishi, Tomohiko Ukai, David C. Sane, Che-Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract— Altered expression and functional responses to cardiac β 3 -adrenergic receptors (ARs) may contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction in heart failure (CHF). We compared myocyte β 3 -AR mRNA and protein levels and myocyte contractile, [Ca 2+ ] i transient, and Ca 2+ current ( I Ca,L ) responses to BRL-37344 (BRL, 10 −8 mol/L), a selective β 3 -AR agonist, in 9 instrumented dogs before and after pacing-induced CHF. Myocytes were isolated from left ventricular myocardium biopsy tissues. Using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, we detected β 3 -AR mRNA from myocyte total RNA in each animal. Using a cloned canine β 3 -AR cDNA probe and myocyte poly A + RNA, we detected a single band about 3.4 kb in normal and CHF myocytes. β 3 -AR protein was detected by Western blot. β 3 -AR mRNA and protein levels were significantly greater in CHF myocytes than in normal myocytes. Importantly, these changes were associated with enhanced β 3 -AR–mediated negative modulation on myocyte contractile response and [Ca 2+ ] i regulation. Compared with normal myocytes, CHF myocytes had much greater decreases in the velocity of shortening and relengthening with BRL accompanied by larger reductions in the peak systolic [Ca 2+ ] i transient and I Ca,L . These responses were not modified by pretreating myocytes with metoprolol (a β 1 -AR antagonist) or nadolol (a β 1 - and β 2 -AR antagonist), but were nearly prevented by bupranolol or L-748,337 (β 3 -AR antagonists). We conclude that in dogs with pacing-induced CHF, β 3 -AR gene expression and protein levels are upregulated, and the functional response to β 3 -AR stimulation is increased. This may contribute to progression of cardiac dysfunction in CHF.
Silver Sulfadiazine and Oliguric Renal Failure
Authors: PATRICK G. MCALINNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1987Silver Sulfadiazine and Oliguric Renal FailurePATRICK G. MCALINNEY, M.D.PATRICK G. MCALINNEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-264_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the letter by Cantarell and colleagues (1) which reported death, due to oligoanuric renal failure, in five patients treated with a formulation of 1% silver sulfadiazine.It is unfortunate that the authors do not specify the formulation used to treat these patients, particularly since they report that a new formulation had just been introduced by their pharmacy. We note with concern that at least one adverse experience abstracting service (2) failed to identify the formulation, going as far as to quote directly that ". . . the continued application of the product....References1. CANTARELLFORTCAMPSSANSPIERARODAMILANS MJJMLM. Acute intoxication due to topical application of diethylene glycol. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:478-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Silver sulfadiazine. Reactions. 11 April 1987:10. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1987Volume 107, Issue 2Page: 264-264KeywordsRenal failure Issue Published: 1 August 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dynamics of T-1824 Distribution in Patients with Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: GEORGE E. SCHREINER, NORBERT FREINKEL, JOHN W. ATHENS, WILLIAM STONE
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Wide acceptance has been given to the expansion of "blood volume" in the presence of an arteriovenous fistula. Most clinical measurements have been made with abbreviated technics of T-1824 dilution. In the present study, carried out on casualties of the Korean War, significant expansion of the "rapidly distributing T-1824 and effective circulating albumin" were found in 31 patients with traumatic arteriovenous fistulas. Analyses of dye disappearance slopes, prolonged studies with labeled albumin and dye infusion have been used to investigate the dynamics of these measured expansions.