tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low power laser (LBP) therapy downregulates the allergic lung inflammation in experimental asthma model: Effect driven to signal transducer and activator of transduction 6 (STAT-6)
Authors: Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira, Vanessa da Silva, Manoel de Oliveira, Rodolfo Vieira, Flavio Aimbire
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Asthma has a high prevalence and a high economic and social cost. Thus, therapies that attenuate lung inflammation as well as discomfort of the patient in asthma are of great interest. Therapy with Low Power Laser (LBP) is a relatively new effective therapy, with very low cost and no side effects and has been found to produce anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of disorders. Aim: To investigate the effect of laser in the treatment of pulmonary inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Methods: The protocol used for the induction of experimental asthma will be administered OVA subcutaneously adsorbed in alum (days 0 and 14) and intranasal OVA (days 21 and 28). On days 22 (OVA), the animals was sacrificed and the analysis of lung inflammation was measured by the following markers: inflammatory cells, adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), mucus production, collagen synthesis, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and eotaxin. The LBP 660 nm diode laser was administred after the antigenic challenge (3 times, 3h/3h) with a dose of 7.5 J during 3 minutes. Yet, the participation of the transcription factors STAT6 and IgE levels were evaluated. Results: The reduction of number of cells (eosinophils) post LBP therapy coincides with decreasing of ICAM-1 expression and Th2 cytokines levels. The STAT6 concentration in lung from challenged rats was also diminished after laser treatment; otherwise, LBP does not work on IgE in serum. Conclusions: Therefore, our results demonstrated that LBP Therapy reduces the lung inflammation on asthma model probably via STAT6. Support Financial: UNINOVE, FAPESP and CNPq.
A High Ankle Brachial Index Is Associated With Greater Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Joachim H. Ix, Ronit Katz, Carmen A. Peralta, Ian H. de Boer, Matthew A. Allison, David A. Bluemke, David S. Siscovick, João A.C. Lima, Michael H. Criqui
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Lesson of the Week: Wernicke's encephalopathy after vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity
Authors: H Seehra, N MacDermott, R G Lascelles, T V Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Thiamine deficiency is known to lead to certain neurological sequelae including Wernicke- Korsakoff encephalopathy. Signs attributable to this condition include ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, and mental confusion. Recognised predisposing conditions include alcoholism gastric carcinoma, pyloric obstruction, hyperemesis gravidarum, and prolonged intravenous feeding. We have recently encountered two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy after vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity . Other neurological sequelae are recognised after vertical banded gastroplasty, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, psychosis, and pseudoathetosis, but the causes are multifactorial.
RETRACTED: The Hepcidin-Binding Site on Ferroportin Is Evolutionarily Conserved
Authors: Ivana De Domenico, Elizabeta Nemeth, Jenifer M. Nelson, John D. Phillips, Richard S. Ajioka, Michael S. Kay, James P. Kushner, Tomas Ganz, Diane M. Ward, Jerry Kaplan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Abstract 11968: Nocturnal Blood Pressure in Young Adults and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Yuichiro Yano, Hongyan Ning, Paul Muntner, Jared Reis, David Calhoun, Anthony Viera, Deborah Levine, Jacobs David, Daichi Shimbo, Kiang Liu, Philip Greenland, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is associated with risk for cardiovascular events. However, the effect of nocturnal BP in young adults on cognitive function in midlife remains unclear. We used data from the ambulatory BP monitoring substudy of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, including 224 participants (mean age 30 years, 45% men, 63% African Americans) followed for 20 years (6 visits). At the 20-year follow-up, the Stroop test (higher score indicates worse executive function), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, lower score indicates worse psychomotor speed), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, lower score indicates worse verbal memory) were assessed. Baseline mean office, daytime, and nocturnal BP were 109/73mmHg, 120/74mmHg, and 107/59mmHg, respectively. Nocturnal BP dipping, calculated as (nocturnal systolic BP [SBP]-daytime SBP)х100/daytime SBP, was divided into quartiles (Q1;-39.3% to -16.9%, Q2;-16.8% to -13.2%, Q3 [reference];-13.1% to -7.8%, and Q4;-7.7% to +56.4%). Cognitive function score according to the quartile of nocturnal SBP dipping is shown in Figure. In linear regression models, the least nocturnal SBP dipping (Q4 vs. reference) and higher nocturnal diastolic BP (DBP) level were associated with worse Stroop scores, with adjustments for demographic and clinical characteristics, and cumulative exposure of BP during follow-up (β [standard error]: 0.37[0.18] and 0.19[0.07] respectively; all P&lt;0.05). Neither DSST nor RALVT was associated with either nocturnal BP dipping or nocturnal SBP/DBP levels. Among healthy young adults, less nocturnal SBP dipping and higher nocturnal DBP levels were associated with lower executive function in midlife, independent of long-term office BP levels. Nocturnal BP measures in young adults could be potentially useful to identify those who may be at risk for developing lower cognitive function in midlife.
Long-term Management of Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Andrew Lee, Jennifer Bradford, Gayle Fischer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Adult vulvar lichen sclerosis (VLS) may be complicated by loss of vulvar structure and vulvar carcinoma. There is a lack of evidence as to the ideal method to maintain long-term remission and prevent complications.To determine whether long-term preventive topical corticosteroid (TCS) treatment of VLS, with a target outcome of induction and maintenance of normal skin texture and color, reduces the risk of vulvar carcinoma, relieves symptoms, improves function, and preserves vulvar architecture, and to evaluate the adverse effects of treatment.A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 507 women with biopsy-proved VLS from January 2, 2008, through September 26, 2014, in the private practice of a dermatologist and a gynecologist in Sydney, Australia.Preventive treatment using TCSs of various potencies, adjusted to meet a target outcome of normal skin color and texture, with regular long-term follow-up by a dermatologist or gynecologist.Symptoms or signs of VLS, scarring, development of malignant neoplasms, and adverse effects.The mean age at presentation was 55.4 years (range, 18-86 years); duration of symptoms at presentation, 5.0 years (range, 0.1-40.0 years); and duration of follow-up, 4.7 years (range, 2.0-6.8 years). Remission was induced with a potent TCS, followed by regular preventive TCS treatment of a potency titrated to achieve the target outcome. Patients were followed up at least annually. A total of 150 patients (29.6%) did not carry out the advised treatment and were considered partially compliant. A total of 357 patients (70.4%) adhered to treatment instructions and were considered compliant. Biopsy-proved squamous cell carcinoma or vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia occurred during follow-up in 0 of the compliant patients vs. 7 (4.7%) of the partially compliant patients (P < .001). Suppression of symptoms occurred in 333 (93.3%) compliant patients vs. 87 (58.0%) partially compliant patients (P < .001). Adhesions and scarring occurred during follow-up in 12 (3.4%) compliant patients and 60 (40.0%) partially compliant patients (P < .001). Reversible TCS-induced cutaneous atrophy occurred in 4 (1.1%) compliant patients and 3 (2.0%) partially compliant patients.This prospective, single-center, longitudinal cohort study of adult patients with VLS suggests that individualized preventive TCS regimens that achieve objective normality of skin color and texture and are used by compliant patients who attend regular long-term follow-up visits may modify the course of the disease. There was a significant difference in symptom control, scarring, and occurrence of vulvar carcinoma between compliant and partially compliant patients. The adverse effects of TCSs were minimal.
Heat-Related Illness During Extreme Weather Emergencies
Authors: L N Blum, L B Bresolin, M A Williams
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12379: The Impact of Right Ventricular Involvement on Prognosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Hiroyuki Okura, Tomoko Tamada, Koichiro Imai, Ryotaro Yamada, Teruyoshi Kume, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Keizo Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is characterized by acute and transient left ventricular mid wall motion abnormality with or without apical involvement. Although TC has been recognized as a self-limiting and benign disease, recent studies have suggested that some critical complications may occur in TC. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that TC with right ventricular (RV) involvement is associated with higher incidence of in-hospital complications than those without it. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term prognostic impact of RV involvement in TC.   Methods:  We retrospectively studied the clinical and echocardiographic data of 113 patients (72.7±11.4 years old, 29 male) with TC diagnosed according to the Mayo clinic criteria. They were divided into 2 groups based on the presence (group R) or absence (group L) of the RV involvement. RV involvement was defined by akinesis or dyskinesis of the RV free wall with or without apical involvement assessed by echocardiography on admission. The endpoint of this study was a composite of all-cause death and re-hospitalization due to heart failure.   Results:  Twenty one patients (18.6%, 16 female) were classified as group R and 92 patients (81.4%, 68 female) as group L. Group R had significantly lower event free survival than group L (figure). Univariate analysis showed that heart rate on admission (HR 1.01/bpm, p=0.014), advanced heart failure defined as Killip class≥3 (HR 3.56, p=0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 0.95/%, p=0.0028), RV involvement (HR 6.35, p   Conclusion:  RV involvement is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in TC.
Treatment of Gallstones
Authors: David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To critically review the risks and benefits of therapy for asymptomatic and symptomatic persons with gallstones who are considering therapy to prevent future episodes of biliary pain or complications including acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or gallbladder cancer. Data Sources: Review of English-language literature regarding the natural history of persons with gallstones and the operative mortality rates for open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Mathematical simulation modeling was used to derive estimates of lifetime risks for gallstone-related mortality and for life expectancy, for prophylactic cholecystectomy and expectant management, for men and women of different ages. Results: For persons with asymptomatic gallstones, natural history is so benign that treatment is generally not recommended. For persons with symptomatic gallstones, (that is, that have caused an episode of biliary pain), the rate for subsequent pain is high so that many persons probably choose cholecystectomy to avoid pain; however, about 30% of persons who have had pain do not have further episodes of pain. The expected loss of life for persons with symptomatic stones managed expectantly is roughly several months, on average, and may not be considered high enough in itself to warrant therapy. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become popular with patients and physicians, its safety is yet unknown compared with open cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Prophylactic cholecystectomy should be recommended for most persons with symptomatic gallstones unless the person wants to try a period of watchful waiting to see if pain recurs. Nonsurgical therapy may be suitable for persons with high operative risk. For persons with asymptomatic gallstones, watchful waiting is the best course.
Breast cancer and circadian disruption from electric lighting in the modern world
Authors: Richard G. Stevens, George C. Brainard, David E. Blask, Steven W. Lockley, Mario E. Motta
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and there is only a limited explanation of why. Risk is highest in the most industrialized countries but also is rising rapidly in the developing world. Known risk factors account for only a portion of the incidence in the high‐risk populations, and there has been considerable speculation and many false leads on other possibly major determinants of risk, such as dietary fat. A hallmark of industrialization is the increasing use of electricity to light the night, both within the home and without. It has only recently become clear that this evolutionarily new and, thereby, unnatural exposure can disrupt human circadian rhythmicity, of which three salient features are melatonin production, sleep, and the circadian clock. A convergence of research in cells, rodents, and humans suggests that the health consequences of circadian disruption may be substantial. An innovative experimental model has shown that light at night markedly increases the growth of human breast cancer xenografts in rats. In humans, the theory that light exposure at night increases breast cancer risk leads to specific predictions that are being tested epidemiologically: evidence has accumulated on risk in shift workers, risk in blind women, and the impact of sleep duration on risk. If electric light at night does explain a portion of the breast cancer burden, then there are practical interventions that can be implemented, including more selective use of light and the adoption of recent advances in lighting technology and application. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:207–218. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Abstract 15482: Effects of DPP4-inhibition on Endothelial Function and Hemostasis in a Rodent Model of Septic Shock
Authors: Sebastian Steven, Michael Hausding, Swenja Kröller-Schön, Yuliya Mikhed, Matthias Oelze, Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Sepsis is an inflammatory state. Proinflammatory enzymes like inducible-NO Synthase (iNOS) and NADPH-Oxidase (NOX) are activated and influence endothelial function via oxidative and nitrosative stress. Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4i) is a new approach to treat diabetic patients. Matubara et al. (Circulation, 2012) showed a positive influence of DPP4i on endothelial function in an animal model Hypothesis: DPP4 inhibition influences endothelial function, hemostasis and survival in a rodent model of septic shock Methods: C57/BL6j mice were pretreated with different DPP4i (linagliptin, sitagliptin) and GLP-1-analogue (GLP1a) liraglutide for 3 days. Aorta and heart tissue was used for western-blotting and rtPCR. Blood was examined for coagulation parameters (aPTT, PT), cell count and oxidative stress Results: Treatment with DPP4i and GLP1-a improved survival and blood pressure of septic animals significantly. LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitrosylated hemoglobin (Hb-NO) levels wer...
Natural History of Early Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jonathan R Osborn, Gerald W Chodak
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Growth of Tumors in Allogeneic Hosts After Organ Culture Explantation. II. Tumor-Host Interactions&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Barbara B. Jacobs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Although some in-vitro-altered (IVA) tumors are serially transplantable in allogeneic hosts, such tumors will not grow if the host has been sensitized by skin or by conventionally maintained (CM) tumor from the donor strain. Simultaneous inoculation with IVA tumor and its CM counterpart produced an effective immune response to both tumors. However, when CM tumor was inoculated into 6 mice 1 week after IVA tumor, there was no growth in 3, growth of only the IVA in 2, and of both tumors in 1 recipient. The allogeneic graft of the CM tumor was then serially transplanted to allogeneic recipients and subsequently behaved like IVA tumors. IVA tumors do not grow in 100% of their allogeneic recipients and recipients which reject the tumor are effectively sensitized to a second graft. However, when progressively growing IVA tumors were excised from allogeneic hosts and the mice were rechallenged after intervals of 0–37 days with IVA tumor, many second grafts grew. When skin grafts from the donor tumor strain were substituted as the second challenge, not only were there no second-set reactions but often there was a prolonged survival of the graft. Hemagglutinins against cells of donor strain were not produced by allogeneic hosts of some of these altered tumors but were by others. Their presence appeared to be independent of the type of tumor or the strain combination. These observations are discussed in relationship to those in other situations where histocompatibility barriers have been altered.
The SMART Platform: early experience enabling substitutable applications for electronic health records
Authors: K. D. Mandl, J. C. Mandel, S. N. Murphy, E. V. Bernstam, R. L. Ramoni, D. A. Kreda, J. M. McCoy, B. Adida, I. S. Kohane
Journal: BMJ (2012)

United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects Award 90TR000101)
In open-angle glaucoma, latanoprost improved visual field preservation
Authors: Calvin Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Garway-Heath DF, Crabb DP, Bunce C, et al. Latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014;Dec 18. Epub ahead of print. 25533656
Orthodox Jews demand university bury its bones
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Ancient human remains discovered years ago in Israeli archaeological expeditions and used for medical and other scientific research at Tel Aviv University were recently a source of contention when a group of ultra-Orthodox Jews demanded that the remains be buried immediately.

The group, which included Rabbi Moshe Gafni, a member of the Knesset (parliament) from the United Torah Judaism party, marched into the anatomy department of the university's medical school during Passover when few people are working.

Shocked scientists refused their demands, saying that they had fully observed the longstanding antiquities law that controlled scientific research on human fossils. After arguing for two hours, the ultra-Orthodox group gave up but said they would “be back.”

A …
Staphylococci and staphylococcal superantigens in asthma and rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: C. Pastacaldi, P. Lewis, P. Howarth
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Pastacaldi C, Lewis P, Howarth P. Staphylococci and staphylococcal superantigens in asthma and rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Allergy 2011; 66 : 549–555. Abstract Background: There is a need for new treatment options of allergic respiratory diseases based on a better knowledge of their pathogenesis. An association between bacterial products and allergic airway diseases has been suggested by the results of human and animal studies that describe a link between Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins and atopic diseases. The aim of the systematic review is to assess the evidence for a role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, as an environmental risk factor, for the development and/or the severity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of controlled clinical studies in adults and/or children affected by asthma/early wheeze and/or allergic rhinitis. To be eligible, studies had to use reproducible methods to provide evidence of exposure to S. aureus , clinical outcome and disease severity. Results: Ten studies, published between 2000 and 2007, fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis showed an increased prevalence of positivity for measures of exposure to S. aureus in nine studies: differences were statistically significant ( P &lt; 0.05) in seven studies. In a meta‐analysis of study results, patients with asthma were more likely than controls to have serum‐specific IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.6–7.1, P = 0.002); similarly, patients with allergic rhinitis were more likely than controls to test positive for local or systemic exposure to Staphylococcus aureus and/or or its enterotoxins (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3–4.7, P = 0.008). Conclusions: A potential role of S. aureus superantigens in allergic respiratory diseases is supported by results of this meta‐analysis of clinical studies.