tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes17 February 2004Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in LearningJoel D. Howell, MD, PhDJoel D. Howell, MD, PhDFrom University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bonner TN. 424 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2002. $36.00. ISBN 0801871247. Order phone 410-516-6900.Field of medicine: History and biography.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Educators, physicians, and the general public.Purpose: To provide a biography of one of the most influential people of the 20th century.Content: The author describes Abraham Flexner's life (1866–1959) in a straightforward narrative, from Flexner's parents' tumultuous path to the United States to Flexner's education, career, and influence on American life. There is a useful note on sources.Highlights: Abraham Flexner may be best known to Annals readers as the author of the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 4Page: 316KeywordsFallsHistory of medicineMedical educationPatientsRiversSoftware tools ePublished: 17 February 2004 Issue Published: 17 February 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reply to Letters Regarding Article, “Risk of Bleeding With 2 Doses of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Older and Younger Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) Trial”
Authors: John W. Eikelboom, Stuart J. Connolly, Jeff S. Healey, Sean Yang, Salim Yusuf, Lars Wallentin, Jonas Oldgren, Mike Ezekowitz, Marco Alings, Scott Kaatz, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Hans-Christoph Diener, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Kurt Huber, Paul Reilly, Jeanne Varrone
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Hereditary Spherocytosis With Normal Osmotic Fragility After Incubation
Authors: Naomi Fukagawa
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Two patients in two families had hereditary spherocytosis but lacked a population of RBCs with increased osmotic fragility after incubation. The diagnosis in each patient was confirmed by the presence of splenomegaly, spherocytosis, reticulocytosis, and abnormal autohemolysis corrected by glucose. Sodium flux studies showed increased sodium permeability of the RBC membrane in one patient and normal permeability in another. Hereditary spherocytosis was also present in three other family members of patient 2. The autohemolysis test is of value in confirming the diagnosis in patients with hereditary spherocytosis and normal incubated osmotic fragility.
The Acute Chest Syndrome of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Orah S. Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

It has become a cliché to say that sickle cell anemia is the first “molecular disease.”1 The substitution of valine for glycine in β-globin has been known as the cause of sickle cell anemia since 1957.2 That this specific knowledge has not resulted in a rationally designed, specific cure remains a disappointment. What is not disappointing is that the study of sickle hemoglobin and sickle red cells has provided important information about the pathophysiology of the disease, and this information forms the basis for rationally designed clinical care.The polymerization of sickle hemoglobin is central to the disorder (Figure 1). . . .
Time to Myself
Authors: John J. Frey
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral Grape Seed Extract Inhibits Prostate Tumor Growth and Progression in TRAMP Mice
Authors: Komal Raina, Rana P. Singh, Rajesh Agarwal, Chapla Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Prostate cancer chemoprevention is an alternative and potential strategy to control this malignancy. Herein, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) against prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice where animals were fed with GSE by oral gavage at 200 mg/kg body weight dose during 4 to 28 weeks of age. Our results showed a significant reduction (46%, P &amp;lt; 0.01) in the weight of genitourinary tract organs in the GSE-fed mice. The GSE-fed group of mice had a higher incidence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia but showed strong reduction in the incidence of adenocarcinoma compared with mice in control group. Prostate tissue from the GSE group showed ∼50% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)–positive cells and 64% (P &amp;lt; 0.01) reduction in total PCNA protein level compared with the control group; however, GSE increased apoptotic cells by 8-fold. Furthermore, GSE strongly decreased the protein levels of cyclin B1, cyclin A, and cyclin E by 84% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), 96% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and 89% (P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. The protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 6 and Cdc2 was also decreased by more than 90% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the prostate from the GSE-fed group. Together, for the first time, we identified that oral GSE inhibits prostate cancer growth and progression in TRAMP mice, which could be mediated via a strong suppression of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5976–82]
PMO-029 Prehabilitation program for liver surgery
Authors: D Dunne, R Jones, H Malik, G Poston, D Palmer, S Jack, S Fenwick
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Rehabilitation exercise programs improve recovery from surgery and quality of life. Prehabilitation improves fitness prior to surgery. This is challenging before liver resection as patients tend to be sedentary and time is limited. Our aim was to design a 4 week program, suitable for sedentary individuals, which would yield a 1.5 ml/kg/min increase (10%) in the relative VO<sub>2</sub> uptake at the anaerobic threshold (AT), as measured by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). <h3>Methods</h3> Interval based exercise program of 12 sessions on a stationary bike. Each session 40 min long consisting of six intervals, warm up and cool down. The interval intensities were calculated using anaerobic threshold detected by initial CPET. AT is independent of volition and can be detected with reliability in most patients. This represents a measure for designing exercise programs for patients. Eleven healthy volunteers completed the exercise program. <h3>Results</h3> The 11 volunteers had a mean age of 46 years (range 38–60). They consisted of two men nine women. Mean BMI 30.7 (range 25.5–39.2), two smokers, nine non-smokers, no significant comorbidities. 96% attendance with 9/11 volunteers achieving 100% attendance. Mean relative VO<sub>2</sub> at AT was 12.4 ml/kg/min pre exercise program and 14.0 ml/kg/min post exercise program, a 12% improvement (p&lt;0.001). Mean resting O<sub>2</sub> uptake decreased by 28% (p-0.014). There was a trend to lower resting O<sub>2</sub> pulse rate. At AT significant differences were achieved in mean O<sub>2</sub> pulse (+11.6%), and power (25.7%) p&lt;0.001. Peak values also improved with mean peak O<sub>2</sub> pulse climbing by 10.7% (p-0.001), and mean peak power by 14.7% (p-0.006). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first 4 week exercise program designed for patients prior to liver resection and the only 4 week exercise program based round AT. It is feasible in sedentary healthy volunteers and achieves a &gt;10% fitness improvement. An RCT is underway assessing this program9s feasibility in patients prior to liver resection. Using our CPET risk stratification protocol a 10% fitness improvement in these patients would move 30% of our patients from high to low operative risk. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Clinician Integrity and Limits to Patient Autonomy
Authors: John Lantos, Ann Marie Matlock, David Wendler
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A 28-year-old man with chronic granulomatous disease developed worsening respiratory status in the setting of chronic bacterial and fungal infections. The attending physician recommended transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), but the patient declined. The patient understood that the nurses in the ICU have expertise in caring for patients with poor respiratory function. He also understood that he faced an increased risk of dying if he remained on the medical ward. At the same time, the patient was familiar with the nurses on the medical ward and felt comfortable there. Unsure of whether it was appropriate for clinicians to agree to provide less than optimal care for a critically ill patient, the clinicians on the medical ward requested a bioethics consultation. This article reviews the ethical issues that arise when patients ask clinicians to provide less than optimal care. Although it is well established that clinicians ought to respect patient autonomy, that obligation conflicted, in the present case, with the clinicians' sense of professional integrity. Future research on this vital but underexplored topic is needed to determine the extent to which clinicians' professional integrity places limits on the types of patient requests to which they should agree.
Information about initiatives that use new technology to inform patients should be shared
Authors: M. Duman, S. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1996)

more closely.A study of awareness ofthe "reduce the risk" campaign in a socially deprived area in south Wales in 1994 showed that a third of 250 mothers with children born before the introduction of the campaign said that they checked their babies more often than they had done previously.5For babies to endure increasingly long periods of solitude after birth is biologically unreason- able.In 1991 in Cardiff we included another fac- tor to lower the risk of the syndrome: we encouraged mothers to have their babies in their room at night for the first six to nine months and to keep the cot in which the babies slept by day close by.To focus only on posture, heating, and smoking and not to consider where a baby sleeps could detract from other factors in the care giving environment that might be protective.Any intervention programme aiming to reduce the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome must also consider the broad range of care prac- tices that could reduce the risk.
Case 39-1967
Authors: Arnold N. Weinberg, Sanford I. Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of CaseA forty-four-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis.He had been well until two years previously, when he began to experience episodes of burning midepigastric distress, occasionally with radiation to the back; the attacks occurred twice weekly, usually an hour after eating but also at night; the symptoms were relieved by sitting up and partially alleviated by antacid medication. Eighteen months before admission he vomited about a cupful of red blood; a gastrointestinal series was interpreted as showing gastritis. Six months later edema of the ankles developed. A few months before entry he noticed . . .
Response to the Open Peer Commentaries on “Is There an Ethical Obligation to Disclose Controversial Risk? A Question From the ACCORD Trial”
Authors: Joseph P. DeMarco, Paul J. Ford, Dana J. Patton, Douglas O. Stewart
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

"Response to the Open Peer Commentaries on “Is There an Ethical Obligation to Disclose Controversial Risk? A Question From the ACCORD Trial”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(4), pp. W1–W2
Mechanosensitive p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> Regulation and Cell Cycle Entry in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Daniel G. Sedding, Ulrike Seay, Ludger Fink, Matthias Heil, Wolfgang Kummer, Harald Tillmanns, Ruediger C. Braun-Dullaeus
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Cyclic stretch plays an important role in the homeostasis of vessel structure. Increased forces might, however, contribute to remodeling processes, resulting in vascular proliferative diseases. The initial molecular events necessary for mechanosensitive cell cycle entry of quiescent smooth muscle cells are poorly understood.In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical strain resulted in a rapid, integrin-dependent but mitogen-independent activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells. Subsequently, downstream ALL 1 fused gene from chromosome X (AFX)-like forkhead transcription factors were inactivated, leading to transcriptional downregulation of p27Kip1. This contrasted with the posttranscriptional protein reduction of p27Kip1 in cells stimulated with serum mitogens. Stretch-mediated p27Kip1 downregulation was accompanied by activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, and proliferation. Forkhead transcription factor inactivation and p27Kip1 downregulation were prevented by the PI3-K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. Pharmacological blockade of other kinases, such as p42/44, p38, and protein kinase A or C, did not influence the mechanosensitive gene regulation. p27Kip1 downregulation and cell cycle entry were, however, prevented by overexpression of a constitutively inactive form of Akt or constitutively active forms of forkhead transcription factors.Our data demonstrate that the earliest cell cycle events can occur in a solely mechanosensitive fashion. Vascular smooth muscle cells are, furthermore, able to use transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms to regulate p27Kip1, depending on the stimulus to which they are exposed. This observation has novel implications for understanding of vascular proliferative diseases.
Differential binding of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G1 immune complexes to primate erythrocytes in vivo. Immunoglobulin A immune complexes bind less well to erythrocytes and are preferentially deposited in glomeruli.
Authors: F J Waxman, L A Hebert, F G Cosio, W L Smead, M E VanAman, J M Taguiam, D J Birmingham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Primate erythrocytes appear to play a role in the clearance of potentially pathogenic immune complexes (IC) from the circulation. This study was undertaken to compare the clearance from the circulation and tissue uptake of two monoclonal IC probes: one of which, IgG1-IC, was bound well by erythrocytes, the other of which, IgA-IC, was bound relatively poorly by erythrocytes. The IC probes were labeled with different iodine isotopes and infused either concomitantly or sequentially into the arterial circulation. The results indicate that, compared with IgG1-IC, IgA-IC bind less well to primate erythrocytes, are cleared from the circulation more quickly despite their smaller size, and show increased uptake in kidney and lung but decreased uptake in liver and spleen. Evidence is presented which suggests that this pattern of clearance from the circulation and systemic uptake of IgA-IC is the result of decreased binding of IgA-IC to circulating erythrocytes. These findings support the hypothesis that the primate erythrocyte-IC clearing mechanism may be critically important for the safe removal of IC from the circulation.
Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Oscar Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE purpose of this paper is to discuss the treatment of pituitary tumors, which lies in the borderland between cranial and trans-sphenoidal surgery.First PeriodSearch for a Method of Reaching Pituitary TumorsHistorically, the search for methods that would best reach pituitary tumors began in the years 1904–1910. During this period cranial as well as trans-sphenoidal approaches were employed. The pioneering trials of this period were marked by high mortality.Second PeriodEfforts to Reduce the Operative Risk Cranial surgery. The next decade (1910–1920) found the surgeons striving for the improvement of both types of surgery to reduce . . .
A Consideration of the Extraneous Coats of the Plasma Membrane
Authors: PHILIP W. BRANDT
Journal: Circulation (1962)

This review is concerned with the role of the "extraneous coat" of the ameba in pinocytosis. It also considers the possible role of the extraneous coat as an additional barrier to those exchanges between the cytoplasm and the environment which involve diffusion. Several examples of pinocytosis in mammalian tissues are presented and are appraised with respect to the physical-chemical properties of the extraneous coat. Types of transport that do not appear to operate by way of pinocytosis are similarly considered.
Intensive consolidation versus oral maintenance therapy in patients 61 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: results of second randomization of the AML HD98-B treatment Trial
Authors: R F Schlenk, S Fröhling, F Hartmann, J Th Fischer, A Glasmacher, F del Valle, K Götze, C Nerl, R Schoch, H Pralle, H G Mergenthaler, M Hensel, E Koller, H Kirchen, A Matzdorff, H Salwender, H G Biedermann, S Kremers, D Haase, A Benner, K Döhner, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Decreased Reactivity of Lymphocytes in Mixed-Leukocyte Culture from Patients with Rheumatic Fever
Authors: RICHARD D. LUEKER, RALPH C. WILLIAMS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cellular immune responsiveness. in patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained for culture from patients who had ARF within the past 2-3 months. No patient was receiving steroids at the time of the study. Peripheral lymphocytes were also obtained from normal control individuals. Lymphocyte cultures were maintained for 7 days in minimum essential medium with 10% fetal calf serum in a 5% CO 2 environment. Cellular responsiveness was checked concomitantly with pokeweed mitogen and/or phytohemagglutinin. Mixed-lymphocyte cultures were studied between patients with ARF and between patients with ARF and normal controls. Normal responses were arbitrarily defined as a threefold increase over baseline counts. ARF cells were capable of stimulating other ARF cells in only three of 14 instances and were able to stimulate control cells in only three of 11 studies. Conversely, ARF lymphocytes were capable of being stimulated by control normal cells in five of 10 experiments. Thus decreased cellular responsiveness and abnormalities in cellular immunity are present in many patients with ARF, since lymphocytes from patients with ARF are usually incapable of stimulating normal or other ARF cells. However, ARF cells are capable of being stimulated by normal control cells in 50% of studies performed.
War Neuroses after Psychological Trauma
Authors: R. D. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The argument falls under two heads: (1) That a psychoneurosis, or, more correctly, a mental or a combined mental and physical' disturbance, may be produced by a sudden frightening experience, and that this neurosis may be of a type which ultimately presents no symptoms except those produced episodically by associative arousal by some reminder of the original traumatic experience.These episodic symptoms may, however, be disabling while they last.(2) A traumatic psychoneurosis, either in this special sense or with persistent and not mainly episodic symptoms, may depend on either (a) a disturbance nearer the physiological level, depending on properties common to all organisms; or (b) a disturbance mainly at the psychological level, depending on the particular type of personality, especially the ego-organization, whether anxious, hysterical, or what-not.' Traumatic neurosis," in the sense of a mental or a combined
New England Surgical Society
Authors: David W. Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

MANY of the senior group of this society have had the rare opportunity of observing the growth of the art and science of modern surgery from a scope that, judged by present standards, was extremely limited to its present almost unbelievable heights. This development has carried with it serious responsibilities to the surgical profession, and also grave problems in the training of prospective surgeons to cope with the highly diversified and technical procedures that it will be necessary for them to master if they are to take their place as specialists in surgery. There have also been problems of raising . . .
F-18 FDG PET in a Patient With Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Henriette M. E. Quarles van Ufford, Jeroen A. F. de Jong, Henk J. Baarslag, Marie J. de Haas, Karen Oud, John M. H. de Klerk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 77-year-old woman previously diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV), presented with shortness of breath. CT of the thorax revealed pulmonary emboli, a well-known complication of PV, and a lesion in the right upper lobe. Because of this lung lesion, further analysis by an F-18 FDG PET-CT scan was performed and illustrated high uptake in the lung lesion and diffuse elevated FDG activity in the bone marrow. PV is one of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders, characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells with variable morphologic maturity and hematopoietic efficiency.