tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The U.S. EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children: a research agenda.
Authors: M J Carroquino, S K Galson, J Licht, R W Amler, F P Perera, L D Claxton, P J Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes recommendations for future research offered by participants. These recommendations included more collaborative research integrating epidemiology, molecular biology, toxicology, and risk assessment; the development of better protocols for toxicologic testing including carcinogenicity using young animals; and research focused on specific periods of development during which susceptibility to environmental agents may be enhanced. Also recommended was enhanced use and development of molecular biomarkers for identification of susceptible populations, and documentation of exposures and effects in epidemiologic and toxicologic studies. Although toxicologic testing is considered essential to determine the effects of potential carcinogens on biological organisms, participants emphasized the need to link these findings with epidemiologic and exposure assessment research.
Ischaemic preconditioning improves proteasomal activity and increases the degradation of PKC during reperfusion
Authors: E. N. Churchill, J. C. Ferreira, P. C. Brum, L. I. Szweda, D. Mochly-Rosen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

The response of the myocardium to an ischaemic insult is regulated by two highly homologous protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, δ and εPKC. Here, we determined the spatial and temporal relationships between these two isozymes in the context of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) to better understand their roles in cardioprotection. Using an ex vivo rat model of myocardial infarction, we found that short bouts of ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the prolonged ischaemic event (IPC) diminished δPKC translocation by 3.8-fold and increased εPKC accumulation at mitochondria by 16-fold during reperfusion. In addition, total cellular levels of δPKC decreased by 60 ± 2.7% in response to IPC, whereas the levels of εPKC did not significantly change. Prolonged ischaemia induced a 48 ± 11% decline in the ATP-dependent proteasomal activity and increased the accumulation of misfolded proteins during reperfusion by 192 ± 32%; both of these events were completely prevented by IPC. Pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome or selective inhibition of εPKC during IPC restored δPKC levels at the mitochondria while decreasing εPKC levels, resulting in a loss of IPC-induced protection from I/R. Importantly, increased myocardial injury was the result, in part, of restoring a δPKC-mediated I/R pro-apoptotic phenotype by decreasing pro-survival signalling and increasing cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Taken together, our findings indicate that IPC prevents I/R injury at reperfusion by protecting ATP-dependent 26S proteasomal function. This decreases the accumulation of the pro-apoptotic kinase, δPKC, at cardiac mitochondria, resulting in the accumulation of the pro-survival kinase, εPKC.
Cerebrovascular Complications of Streptokinase Infusion
Authors: Michael S. Aldrich
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Ninety-one patients treated with streptokinase for vascular occlusion were studied retrospectively to document the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage. Three cerebrovascular complications occurred. Two patients had cerebral hemorrhage, one following limb ischemia, the other after acute myocardial infarction. The third patient received streptokinase for an occluded right subclavian bypass graft and suffered a right frontoparietal infarction, presumably secondary to retrograde embolization, but not angiographically proved. This incidence of cerebrovascular complications must be taken within the framework of the baseline incidence following systemic ischemia, but suggests that caution be exercised with this therapy.
Cadmium-binding proteins in the scallop Pecten maximus.
Authors: H C Stone, S B Wilson, J Overnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Scallops, Pecten maximus, accumulate cadmium naturally in the digestive gland to a level of approximately 100 ppm wet weight. Of this cadmium, 60% was soluble and was composed of three weight classes as judged by Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Of the soluble cadmium, 60% was in the 55,000 molecular weight range and 20% each in an excluded fraction and a 10,000 molecular weight fraction. The 55,000 molecular weight fraction, after further purification, showed a maximum cadmium concentration of 1.4% by weight. The cadmium was thiolate bound but not as strongly bound as in the case of metallothionein. The 10,000 molecular weight fraction was a metallothionein-like protein.
Hemoperitoneum due to Necrosis of a Small Intestinal Leiomyosarcoma Following Colonoscopy
Authors: J. F. Gonzàlez-Rodriguez, P. Tarquis-Alonso, A. Castano-Pascual, S. Gonzàlez-Lera
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Complications of Diagnostic Gastrointestinal EndoscopyEndoscopy 1990; 22(05): 229-233DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010734
Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Concomitant Aortic and Mitral Valve Surgery in Northern New England
Authors: Bruce J. Leavitt, Yvon R. Baribeau, Anthony W. DiScipio, Cathy S. Ross, Reed D. Quinn, Elaine M. Olmstead, Donato Sisto, Donald S. Likosky, Richard P. Cochran, Robert A. Clough, Richard A. Boss, Robert S. Kramer, Gerald T. O'Connor
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Concomitant aortic (AV) and mitral (MV) valve surgery accounts for 4% of all valve procedures in northern New England. We examined in-hospital and long-term mortality.This is a report of a prospective study of 1057 patients undergoing concomitant AV and MV surgery from 1989 to 2007. The Social Security Administration Death Master File was used to assess long-term survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed. In-hospital mortality was 15.5% (11.0% for patients <70 years, 18.0% for 70- to 79-year-olds, and 24% for those > or =80 years). Overall median survival was 7.3 years. Median survival without coronary artery bypass grafting was 9.5 years and with coronary artery bypass grafting was 5.7 years (P<0.001). Survival in women was worse than in men (7.3 versus 9.3, years, P=0.033). Median survival by age was 11.0 years for patients <70 years, 5.4 years for 70- to 79-year-olds, and 4.8 years for those > or =80 years. Median survival was not significantly different for patients > or =80 years compared with those who were 70 to 79 years old (P=0.245).Double-valve surgery has a high in-hospital mortality rate and a median survival of 7.3 years. After patients have survived surgery, long-term survival is similar between men and women, smaller and larger patients, and those receiving MV repair or replacement. Survival continues to decline after surviving surgery for patients > or =70 years old and those who undergo concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting. In patients <70 years, either mechanical valves in both positions or a tissue AV and mitral repair have the lowest in-hospital mortality and the best long-term survival. In patients > or =70 years, tissue valves in both positions have the best in-hospital and long-term survival.
Case of Diphtherial Conjunctivitis Implicating Both Corneae Treated by Antitoxin
Authors: W. M. Hamilton, A. Emrys-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1895)

N DCAL 1419 family of nine; four of these are alive.His family history on both sides is exceptionally good.R. S. was born on March 13th, 1858.He was a strong healthy child; he began to attend school at the age of 7, and continued until he was 11.At that age he started work in a coal mine, and continued steadily at work until the age of 20.He was employed as a " putter," and later as a "1 hewer."For the next seven years he frequently complained of pains of a rheumatic character in his legs and arms, but these did not hinder him from working.When he was 27 years of age he met with an accident.He had a severe wrench of his right shoulder, necessitating his stopping work for nineteen weeks.After
Naval and Maritime Medicine During the American Revolution
Authors: Adele Hast
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ABSTRACT The presence of a naval surgeon on board warships and maritime vessels was a colonial tradition long before the American Revolution. Yet studies of the navy in the Revolutionary War have ignored medical aspects. Charles O. Paullin's The Navy of the American Revolution and Gardner W. Allen's A Naval History of the American Revolution do not include discussions of health, treatment, and medical personnel in the continental and state navies. Gordon's book attempts to fill in some of the historical gaps by providing information on naval and maritime medicine.The book is basically an expansion of the author's tight essay on the same topic that appeared in 1972 in volume 6 of Naval Documents of the American Revolution (William James Morgan, editor). The author poses a series of questions on naval-maritime medicine, covering a variety of topics, including the development of naval medicine before and during the war; the rank,
OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE SKULL
Authors: Glenn Myers
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The patient was seen by me, Feb. 27, 1930, for Dr. Ernest I. Mulder, Compton, Calif. The case is reported because of the unusual distribution of osteomyelitis of the bones of the skull and by reason of the obscurity of symptoms pointing to that disorder. A search of the literature has failed to reveal the report of a similar case.  REPORT OF CASE  G. E., a man, aged 24, whose family history was negative for unusual conditions, had had no previous illnesses, injuries or operations of note. He was never addicted to the use of drugs or of alcohol. No venereal disease was known. He was a high school graduate, married, and had one child, living and well. He worked principally in the oil fields.  Nov. 26, 1929, while lifting with all his strength, his foot slipped and he fell on his left hand and knee, the right lower extremity
Systemic Anaphylaxis in Man
Authors: K. Frank Austen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The clinical manifestations of systemic anaphylaxis in man include (1) respiratory distress caused by bronchospasm or angioneurotic edema involving the larynx; (2) diffuse erythema, urticaria, and pruritus; (3) vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea that occasionally is bloody; and (4) vascular collapse without preceding respiratory distress. In fatal cases, the postmortem findings fall into three patterns: (1) acute pulmonary emphysema, revealed by gross and microscopic examination, and presumably resulting from obstruction in the lower respiratory tract; (2) edema of the upper respiratory tract, including the hypopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and even the trachea; and (3) no significant findings despite an early and complete examination. The postmortem examinations of patients who died of asphyxia with secondary vascular collapse reveal acute pulmonary emphysema, laryngeal obstruction, or both, whereas there are no significant findings when the patient has died in a state of shock without antecedent respiratory difficulty. Fatal anaphylaxis with acute emphysema is similar
Can the Clinical Examination Diagnose Left-Sided Heart Failure in Adults?
Authors: Robert G. Badgett
Journal: JAMA (1997)

We systematically reviewed the literature to ascertain how well clinicians determine the probability and type of left-sided heart failure in their patients. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction or increased filling pressure. The type of heart failure determines optimal treatment. Systolic dysfunction exists when ejection fraction is reduced. Diastolic dysfunction is presumed to be present when filling pressure is increased with a normal ejection fraction and without another explanatory diagnosis. Many findings are associated with heart failure, and wide variation exists in clinicians' ability to detect these findings. The best findings for detecting increased filling pressure are jugular venous distention and radiographic redistribution. The best findings for detecting systolic dysfunction are abnormal apical impulse, radiographic cardiomegaly, and q waves or left bundle branch block on an electrocardiogram. Diastolic dysfunction is especially difficult to diagnose, but is associated with an elevated blood pressure during heart failure.
Macrophages in Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Arthur M. Dannenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

MACROPHAGES participate in all types of inflammation and predominate as the inflammation resolves or becomes chronic. They are produced in the bone marrow, enter the bloodstream in a relatively immature state and emigrate into inflammatory sites, where, under proper stimulation, they can mature into highly activated cells. In the absence of such stimulation, they simply remain immature and inactive, as a reserve local defense force. In their role as the major scavengers of the body, they eliminate dead cells, denatured proteins and foreign material, including infectious agents. For this task they manufacture hydrolytic enzymes and microbicidins, which seem to be . . .
William Murrell, physician and practical therapist.
Authors: E Smith, F D Hart
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The potential hazards from internally administered radionuclides used in nuclear medicine are usually compared with one another and with diagnostic x-rays on the basis of the absorbed dose in rads, with no regard to the dose rate of the radiation. This study compared the carcinogenic potential of a dose of 250 rads delivered at different dose rates to rat livers by x-ray, <sup>113m</sup>In, and <sup>198</sup>Au. The chemical carcinogen N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide was administered after irradiation to reduce the latent period and increase the number of radiogenic liver tumors. No significant difference in tumor incidence was observed among groups of animals treated with either <sup>198</sup>Au, <sup>113m</sup>In, or x-irradiation.
Ethanol-induced increase in cytosolic estrogen receptors in human male liver: A possible explanation for biochemical feminization in chronic liver disease due to alcohol
Authors: Erica Villa, Grazia M. Baldini, Gian Paolo Rossini, Claudio Pasquinelli, Margherita Melegari, Elisabetta Cariani, Cristina Tata, Stefano Bellentani, Alberto Ferrari, Federico Manenti
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The hepatic cytosolic estrogen receptor content was measured in liver samples from patients with normal livers and from patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. The estrogen receptor content of normal liver was 5.2 +/- 3.5 fmoles per mg of cytosolic protein. Levels which were not significantly different from this were found in the samples from patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis (2.1 +/- 2.0 fmoles per mg of cytosolic protein). The cytosolic estrogen receptor content in the livers of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were abstaining was 4.2 +/- 3.6 fmoles per mg of cytosolic protein, but it increased to 10.4 +/- 4.9 fmoles per mg of protein in the livers of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were drinking, to 17.3 +/- 8.7 fmoles per mg of protein in the livers of patients with alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis and to 22.7 +/- 15.7 fmoles per mg of protein in the livers of patients with alcoholic hepatitis without cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse appeared, therefore, to induce an increase in the estrogen receptor content of human liver, especially in patients who were drinking and had histological evidence of acute liver damage (alcoholic hepatitis). The increase in hepatic estrogen receptor which we have observed may be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying the feminization of the liver in alcoholic males.
Withholding medical care from detainees is widespread, says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Denying medical treatment to detainees, especially victims of torture and prisoners with serious illnesses, can constitute cruel and inhumane treatment, says a United Nations independent expert on torture.

A report presented to the UN’s Human Rights Council documents individual cases of detainees who weren’t given urgent medical care in many countries, including China, Italy, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Burma (Myanmar), Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Ukraine. Some of the detainees died in custody, it says.

Juan Mendez, the UN’s special rapporteur on torture, said that he is also “deeply concerned” by the large number of places of detention that don’t meet minimum international standards, including conditions relating to food, healthcare, minimum space, …
Effect of perfusion of bile salts solutions into the oesophagus of hiatal hernia patients and controls.
Authors: G S Bachir, J L Collis
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Tests of the response to perfusion of the oesophagus were made in 54 patients divided into three groups. Group I consisted of patients with symptomatic hiatal hernia, group II hiatal hernia patients with peptic stricture, and group III normal individuals. Each individual oesophagus was perfused at a rate of 45-65 drops per minute over 25 minutes with six solutions: normal saline, N/10 HCl, taurine conjugates of bile salts in normal saline, taurine conjugates of bile salts in N/10 HCl, glycine conjugates of bile salts in normal saline, and taurine and glycine conjugates in a ratio of 1 to 2 in normal saline. It was found that acidified taurine solutions were more irritating than acid alone. With a 2mM/l solution of taurine in acid, symptoms are produced even in controls. With a 1 mM/l solution of the same conjugates, the majority of normal people feel slight heartburn or nothing, and therefore perfusion into the oesophagus of such a solution could be used as a test for oesophagitis.
Infections Caused by Dermatophytes
Authors: Jacob H. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE fungi causing infections solely of the glabrous skin, scalp, beard and nails are known as dermatophytes, or cutaneous fungi. These fungi do not produce visceral infections. However, Candida albicans, although producing chiefly cutaneous and mucousmembrane infections, can involve the gastrointestinal tract, bronchopulmonary system and other viscera.It is important that a correct diagnosis be made before treatment is undertaken. The dermatologist has frequently been called upon to undo the damage caused by the use of strong, irritating local applications prescribed for a nonexistent infection. A clinical diagnosis of fungous infection should always be confirmed by the demonstration of . . .
Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis-Reply
Authors: Vincent A. Fulginiti
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Fink suggests that there are other causes of sore throat than group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Of course, he is correct. My note was to imply that in the context of the Breese criteria this manifestation was one of the positive features of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
More secret tobacco industry documents revealed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Tobacco industry scientists have known since the 1950s that smoking causes cancer while the industry publicly denied the link, according to documents published this week by the anti-smoking pressure group ASH.

The first comprehensive analysis and summary of internal documents released by whistleblowers and through US litigation also shows that the industry has known since the 1960s that tobacco's crucial selling point is its addictive nature.

The report, with hundreds of extracts from previously unpublished papers, was released at a meeting of doctors and lawyers on tobacco litigation at the BMA on Thursday. …
An Enquiry into the Role of Cobalt in the Heart Disease of Chronic Beer Drinkers
Authors: H. KESTELOOT, J. ROELANDT, J. WILLEMS, J. H. CLAES, J. V. JOOSSENS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The natural history of a new disease entity in chronic beer drinkers consisting of pericardial effusion, a low cardiac output, and in about half of the cases of polycythemia is presented. Normalization of the heart volume, the hemoglobin value, and the hemodynamic state was obtained in patients who stopped drinking. Further evidence of the importance of cobalt in the development of the disease is presented. All patients drank beer to which cobalt was added and the disease was not seen in chronic alcoholics drinking wine or other alcoholic beverages. In view of the rather small quantity of cobalt consumed, an hypothesis is formulated which attributes the cobalt toxicity in chronic alcoholics, to a dietary deficiency of sulfhydryl-groups containing amino acids and a dietary deficiency of protein.
Atypical presentation of coeliac disease
Authors: R M Furse, A S Mee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<b>1739</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> Diuretic renography (DR) is a crucial non-invasive study to identify patients with hydronephrosis who would benefit from surgical rather than medical intervention. Although there is a consensus for optimal Lasix dose in pediatric DR, Lasix dose in adults remains controversial. This study retrospectively evaluated three Lasix doses and correlated imaging findings with the final decision to intervene. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> Sixty one patients (35 female, 26 male), age range 20-87 years, mean age 54 years with hydronephrosis underwent 67 DR studies at two different hospitals in a major health system. All patients received an average dose of 15 mCi Tc-99m DTPA intravenously. Twenty five patients received 20mg and another 25 received 40 mg of Lasix intravenously at 30 minutes post DTPA injection. Eleven patients underwent 17 studies and received 0.3 mg/Kg of Lasix at 10 minutes after DTPA injection. All patients had follow up examinations by a urologist or a nephrologist who decided on intervention versus observation. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> Review of patients’ renal scan reports revealed that quantitative analysis was not always used in the diagnoses of obstruction. The diagnosis of obstruction was sometimes based on visual evaluation of images and renogram curves. The comparison of different protocols revealed agreement between the scan and urologist decision to intervene in 20/25 (80%) of patients with 20 mg of Lasix, 17/25 (68%) with 40 mg of Lasix and 12/17 (70%) of patients with 0.3 mg/Kg of Lasix.<b></b> <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> There was no major difference in three different Lasix dose administrations and medical/surgical intervention in our patient population. However, a larger sample size and strict quantitative studies are required to better analyze the different Lasix doses with patient outcomes. We recommend a unified protocol to obtain a higher sensitivity in management of patients with hydronephrosis.
Fifteen-year Argon Laser and Xenon Photocoagulation Results of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute's Patients Participating in the Diabetic Retinopathy Study
Authors: George W. Blankenship
Journal: Ophthalmology (1991)

Fifteen years after panretinal photocoagulation in the Diabetic Retinopathy Study, 86 (57%) patients had died, 14 (9%) could not be located, and 51 (34%) of 151 patients were examined to determine the long-term treatment effects. Of the eyes randomized to photocoagulation only 1 (5%) of 19 argon-treated and 1 (3%) of 32 xenon-treated eyes had received additional laser treatment, but 8 argon-treated and 7 xenon-treated eyes had had cataract removal. Eleven (58%) of the initially argon-treated and 13 (41%) of the initially xenon-treated eyes had 20/40 or better acuity, and 18 (95%) of the initially argon-treated and 26 (82%) of the initially xenon-treated eyes had 20/200 or better acuity. Of the control eyes 17 (33%) had 20/40 or better, and 30 (58%) had 20/200 or better acuity. Argon and xenon panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy provide good results for at least 15 years.