tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plastin3 Is a Novel Marker for Circulating Tumor Cells Undergoing the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Takehiko Yokobori, Hisae Iinuma, Teppei Shimamura, Seiya Imoto, Keishi Sugimachi, Hideshi Ishii, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Daisuke Ota, Masahisa Ohkuma, Takeshi Iwaya, Naohiro Nishida, Ryunosuke Kogo, Tomoya Sudo, Fumiaki Tanaka, Kohei Shibata, Hiroyuki Toh, Tetsuya Sato, Graham F. Barnard, Takeo Fukagawa, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Hayao Nakanishi, Shin Sasaki, Satoru Miyano, Toshiaki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Koshi Mimori, Klaus Pantel, Masaki Mori
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in blood have attracted attention both as potential seeds for metastasis and as biomarkers. However, most CTC detection systems might miss epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced metastatic cells because detection is based on epithelial markers. First, to discover novel markers capable of detecting CTCs in which EMT has not been repressed, microarray analysis of 132 colorectal cancers (CRC) from Japanese patients was conducted, and 2,969 genes were detected that were overexpressed relative to normal colon mucosa. From the detected genes, we selected those that were overexpressed CRC with distant metastasis. Then, we analyzed the CRC metastasis-specific genes (n = 22) to determine whether they were expressed in normal circulation. As a result, PLS3 was discovered as a CTC marker that was expressed in metastatic CRC cells but not in normal circulation. Using fluorescent immunocytochemistry, we validated that PLS3 was expressed in EMT-induced CTC in peripheral blood from patients with CRC with distant metastasis. PLS3-expressing cells were detected in the peripheral blood of approximately one-third of an independent set of 711 Japanese patients with CRC. Multivariate analysis showed that PLS3-positive CTC was independently associated with prognosis in the training set (n = 381) and the validation set [n = 330; HR = 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38-3.40 and HR = 3.92; 95% CI = 2.27-6.85]. The association between PLS3-positive CTC and prognosis was particularly strong in patients with Dukes B (HR = 4.07; 95% CI = 1.50-11.57) and Dukes C (HR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.42-4.63). PLS3 is a novel marker for metastatic CRC cells, and it possesses significant prognostic value.
Vaginal Cancer after Maternal Treatment with Synthetic Estrogens
Authors: Peter Greenwald, Joseph J. Barlow, Philip C. Nasca, William S. Burnett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

VAGINAL adenocarcinoma in young women was recently reported by Herbst, Ulfelder and Poskanzer1 as being associated with stilbestrol therapy of the mother during pregnancy. In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Alexander D. Langmuir2 emphasized the scientific and social implications of this observation, and stated the need for confirmatory data. Our findings confirm the association and provide additional information on dose and time relations.The New York State Cancer Registry receives reports of all cancer diagnosed in New York State, exclusive of New York City. During the period 1950 through 1970, five adenocarcinomas of the vagina were reported in women under age . . .
Persistent adenoviral infection and chronic airway obstruction in children.
Authors: V Macek, J Sorli, S Kopriva, J Marin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Previous studies from several laboratories have established that adenovirus is a common cause of severe childhood bronchiolitis. The observation that children with an established history of bronchiolitis subsequently developed unremitting airways obstruction even after adequate steroid therapy led us to postulate that this bronchial obstruction might be due to persistence of an adenoviral infection. This hypothesis was tested by performing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on a group of 34 children with a mean age of 5 yr (range, 14 mo to 14 yr) who showed an unfavorable response to standard corticosteroid and bronchodilator therapy. Analysis of cytospin preparations of BAL fluid at the light-microscopic level, using a monoclonal antibody to detect adenoviral antigens, demonstrated that capsid protein was present in 31 of 34 (94%) of the children examined. Limited repeat studies within 1 yr showed 6 of 8 (75%) were positive twice when tested on two occasions, and that three were positive in all occasions when sampled three times. Cultures of the BAL fluid were also positive for adenovirus in six of six cultures performed, indicating that the virus was in some cases replicating. Similar studies of control patients without persistent asthma showed no evidence of adenovirus. We conclude that persistent and/or latent adenoviral infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood asthma in which there is an unfavorable response to steroid and bronchodilatation therapy.
[136] CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS EPIDEMIC IN SAINT BENOIT, LA REUNION ISLAND: AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF A CLUSTER OF ACUTE LIVER DISEASES
Authors: A. Abergel, W. Rakotoarivonina, Y. Jacques-Antoine, F. Binois, M. Lemarinel, G. Bommelaer, T. Asselah, T. Bernuau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
471 ON-TREATMENT SERUM HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN LEVEL PREDICTS SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS E ANTIGEN-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: S.S. Kim, J.Y. Cheong, D. Lee, M.H. Lee, S.W. Cho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Renal Insensitivity to Frusemide Caused by Chronic Anticonvulsant Therapy
Authors: S. Ahmad
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The diuretic response to 20-mg and 40-mg oral doses of frusemide was significantly smaller in a group of epileptic patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy than in a group of normal staff members. Furthermore, the peak response was considerably delayed in the epileptic patients. The difference in the volume of diuresis was maintained after intravenous injection of 20 mg of frusemide. It is suggested that the sensitivity of the renal tubule to the diuretic action of frusemide is reduced by anticonvulsant therapy and that there may also be delayed absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
Prevention of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis by Early Mobilization
Authors: Richard R. Miller, James E. Lies, Robert F. Carretta, David B. Wampold, Gerald L. DeNARDO, Jess F. Kraus, Ezra A. Amsterdam, Dean T. Mason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

To determine the effects of early ambulation on peripheral venous thrombosis in the coronary care unit, 29 patients with acute myocardial infarction had daily 125I-fibrinogen point counting of both legs using a standard portable technique in the first 3 to 7 days after admission. Twenty-one patients underwent early ambulation during the initial 3 days, while 8 remained at complete bed rest for 5 days. Only 2 of 21 early ambulated patients had positive fibrinogen point counts, in contrast to 5 of 8 nonambulated patients (P < 0.01). With heart failure, only 2 of 9 ambulated patients had positive point counts, compared with 4 of 5 nonambulated patients (P < 0.05). In 16 patients undergoing venography, point counts were confirmed in 6 positive and 10 negative findings. These results show that the high frequency of peripheral venous thrombosis in immobilized acute myocardial infarction patients, particularly those with heart failure, can be effectively reduced by early ambulation.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF DIGITALIS AND ACONITE IN THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DISEASE.
Authors: H. A. HARE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Among all the difficulties which have beset the subject of the proper use of drugs in disease, and there have been many, as we all know, it can not be doubted that the factor of greatest importance has been the employment of remedies by physicians without their having a correct conception, and sometimes no conception at all, of the pathological process underlying the condition which is to be relieved. This depends on the fact that many practitioners lack preliminary training, not only in morbid anatomy and morbid physiology or pathology, but also fail to study the possible effect of well-known drugs in abnormal states. The employment of certain remedies in disease has cast discredit on therapeutics by their abuse, while many physicians who have carefully studied diseased organs become so saturated, so to speak, with the seriousness of the lesions which they find that they scoff at the thought that
Familial History of Bone Tumors
Authors: Javier Munoz, Yue Guo
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A 61-YEAR-OLD MAN PRESENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC PAIN OF HIS LOWER extremities and episodes of dysthesia of his left foot. On physical examination, he has bowing of his extremities with prominent bony masses on both legs, particularly near his knee, that have been present since birth (FIGURE 1). The patient’s father and sister have similar lesions. Complete blood cell count and differential are within normal limits. Plain radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging show multiple exostosis with the largest lesion arising from the posterior left tibia. There is no evidence of malignant transformation, although significant impingement on the posterior neurovascular bundle is seen. What Would You Do Next?.
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Patients Younger Than 35 Years
Authors: B. L. Hom
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Schacter et al<sup>1</sup>appears to be based on lung cancer statistics from a cancer registry and patients seen at a medical center. These are at variance with State of Hawaii Tumor Registry statistics and the experience of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG). The Table shows that, while not common, lung cancer does occur in young persons. Of the 28 cases of adenocarcinoma in Hawaii, 19 were in men and nine in women, while the seven SWOG patients were three men and four women. The statistics in the Table document the occurrence, albeit uncommon, of lung cancer in young persons (1.3% of cases in Hawaii and 0.8% of SWOG patients). One of the references<sup>2</sup>cited by Schacter was used tosupport the statement that "adenocarcinoma of the lung is rare in patients younger than 35 years." This study, however, describes 35 patients with
CASE OF MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS WITH RECOVERY.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

D. McD., a locomotive fireman, aged 25, entered Mercy Hospital Dec. 4, 1899. His family history was excellent, and habits were good. He had la grippe seven years ago. During the past year he had suffered from frequent headaches. These occurred almost daily during the preceding month. The pain was severe, and lasted several hours; at times it came twice daily. During the same time he suffered from gastric distress, coming on a few minutes after eating and lasting one or two hours. Gaseous and acid eructations were frequent. For four or five months vomiting occurred soon after several meals, especially if work was undertaken then. His bowels were constipated. Hurried movements caused slight breathlessness. He had noticed at irregular intervals palpitation of the heart. For a year he had not had the endurance which he formerly possessed. His general nutrition was good, his tongue slightly coated, and breath heavy.
Proteinuria in Newly Diagnosed Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Matti Uusitupa, Onni Siitonen, Ilkka Penttilä, Antti Aro, Kalevi Pyörälä
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Urinary excretion of albumin, IgG, and beta 2-microglobulin was examined in 132 (69 men, 63 women) newly diagnosed, middle-aged type II diabetic patients and in 144 (62 men, 82 women) nondiabetic control subjects. Both male (N = 57) and female (N = 29) diabetic patients with normal urinary sediment showed an increased excretion of albumin compared with the respective nondiabetic subjects, and male diabetic patients also had an increased IgG excretion. No consistent difference was found in urinary beta 2-microglobulin concentration between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In all, 19.5% of the diabetic subjects with normal urinary sediment (12 men, 5 women) showed urinary albumin concentration exceeding the highest value (35 mg/24 h) found in nondiabetic subjects without renal disease. The urinary excretion of albumin in the diabetic subjects was not associated with the presence of hypertension or coronary heart disease or with the fasting blood glucose or serum insulin levels measured at diagnosis of diabetes. In male diabetic subjects with urinary albumin excretion greater than 35 mg/24 h, a reduced creatinine clearance was found, suggesting the presence of structural damage associated with diabetic nephropathy. The early increase of urinary albumin excretion in type II diabetic patients may be mostly functional in nature. However, some patients may have structural renal damage associated with diabetic nephropathy present at diagnosis.
Towards an understanding of oedema
Authors: C. J Diskin, T. J Stokes, L. M Dansby, T. B Carter, L. Radcliff, S. G Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sometime during the reign of Tiberius (25-50 AD) Celsus wrote:

A chronic malady may develop in patients who collect water under their skin. The Greeks call this hydrops. There are three species:

1.  Sometimes the belly is tense. The Greeks call this tympanites.

2.  Sometimes the body is rendered uneven by swellings arising here and there and all over. The Greeks call this hyposarka.

3.  Sometimes, the water is all drawn within and is called ascites.1

Oedema has been recognised almost since the earliest recordings of medical history. Even the ancient Egyptians seem to have had a hieroglyphic for “water under the skin.” In the description of case number four in the Edwin Smith papyrus the hieroglyphic appears to be similar to the one used for water that floods from the Nile.2 This ancient familiarity, however, has not yet led to a complete understanding of oedema, and sometimes its treatment remains imperfect. None the less, an improved understanding of the pathophysiology and biophysics of oedema will allow most doctors to develop a more rational approach to treating it.

#### Summary points



Fig 1 
Child with periorbital oedema



This article is based mostly on our own research and clinical experience.

When Bright first described the retention of water and waste by diseased kidneys3 he was deliberately vague about whether he was describing one disease or two since he could not …
Secondary Haemophilus influenzae Type b in Day-care Facilities
Authors: David W. Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The risk factors for acquisition of secondary day-care-associated Haemophilus influenzae type b disease were evaluated in a cohort of children in Seattle-King County, Washington; Atlanta; and the state of Oklahoma. During the study period, 129 primary cases were identified in children less than 5 years old who attended day-care facilities. In ten instances (8%), a secondary case occurred between one and 60 days after a primary case in the same classroom. Risk of secondary disease in classroom contacts was strongly age related: 2.4% in children 0 to 11 months old, 1.2% in children 12 to 23 months old, and 0.0% in children 24 to 59 months old. Controlling for age, children attending day-care more hours per week were more likely to transmit or acquire secondary disease. Risk of secondary disease for children in other classrooms at a center where a case had occurred was not significantly greater than risk of primary disease. Administration of rifampin to classroom contacts of a child with invasive H influenzae was effective in preventing secondary cases (95% confidence interval for rifampin efficacy, 47% to 100%). For children 0 to 23 months old not treated with rifampin, risk of secondary disease was 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 4.3%), a risk approaching that reported in household contacts.
A RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING DUAL AXIS ROTATIONAL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN A POPULATION WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Rafael Giuberti, Adriano Caixeta, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Milton Macedo Soares, Erlon Oliveira de Abreu Silva, Jose Osmar Medina Pestana, Artur Beltrame Ribeiro, Helio Tedesco Silva Junior, Maria Luz Vaz, Rósley Fernandes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Biology of Populations: The Biological Basis of Public Health
Authors: Marietta M. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Medical personnel may be initially uninterested in population studies of moths, rodents, and bees. But through other population studies, the mysteries of sickle cell anemia and bacterial drug resistance vanished. It is essential that we understand why a population should be considered as more than a sum of the characteristics of its members. In preparing this book, the authors compiled a series of lectures. The four areas of study are ecology, genetics, behavior, and disease. The book introduces some of the methods used in population research and adds as examples certain advances in this field. Although the book is primarily a textbook, needing a lecturer's interpretation, it is clearly written and supplemented with pertinent graphs and illustrations. There is a need for those in private practice to understand population dynamics and control. Public health officers, also, may profit from a consideration of basic research methods. I recommend it to everyone
Assessment of right ventricular perfusion after right coronary artery occlusion by myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: Hisashi Masugata, Norihiro Fujita, Isao Kondo, Barry Peters, Koji Ohmori, Katsufumi Mizushige, Masakazu Kohno, Anthony N DeMaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
An ominous cough
Authors: H. Ranu, S. Srivastava, B. Madden
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 55 year old woman with bronchiectasis, lobe sequestration, and recurrent respiratory infections failed to respond to medical treatment. Pulmonary function tests showed forced expiratory volume in one second of 2.3 l/ (85% of predicted) and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (a test of the integrity of the alveolar-capillary surface area for gas transfer) of 5.56 mmol/min/kPa (66% of predicted). She underwent right lower lobectomy, but four weeks later she developed fever, cough with frothy serosanguinous sputum, and right pleuritic chest pain. She was admitted to hospital and chest radiography was performed (fig 1)⇓.



Fig 1 The patient’s c hest radiograph





### 1 What is the most likely diagnosis?

#### Short answer

The chest radiograph shows an air fluid level at the right intermediate bronchus close to the site of the bronchial stump. In addition, opacification of the right lower zone of the hemithorax is obscuring the right hemidiaphragm and right heart border, probably because of a right pleural effusion (fig 2⇓). This radiograph combined with the clinical history suggests the presence of a postoperative bronchopleural fistula.



Fig 2 Chest radiograph showing an air fluid level close to the bronchial tree at the level of the bronchial …
Weight Lifting and Amenorrhea
Authors: Diane L. Elliot
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Exercise-associated amenorrhea (EAA) has been associated with the endurance activities of distance running,<sup>1</sup>ballet,<sup>2</sup>and competitive swimming.<sup>3</sup>We want to add our findings regarding weight training to this list. All female participants at the Pacific Northwest Body Building Competition were surveyed as to their menstrual history, other sport participation, and drug use. Their height, weight, and skin-fold thickness were measured. Thirty-three percent of the women (6/18) not taking oral contraceptives had oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, one third of whom had consulted a physician for this problem. The percent of body fat was low in all women (18%), but no difference was found between those women with regular and irregular menses. Amenorrheic women did not participate excessively in other forms of exercise, and, unlike surveys of runners,<sup>1</sup>prior pregnancy did not protect them from EAA. No female competitors used anabolic steroids. Exercise-induced amenorrhea has been
Urokinase is required for the pulmonary inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans. A murine transgenic model.
Authors: M R Gyetko, G H Chen, R A McDonald, R Goodman, G B Huffnagle, C C Wilkinson, J A Fuller, G B Toews
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Urokinase (uPA) is hypothesized to provide proteolytic activity enabling inflammatory cells to traverse tissues during recruitment, and it is implicated as a cytokine modulator. Definitive evaluation of these hypotheses in vivo has previously been impossible because uPA could not completely and irreversibly be eliminated. This limitation has been overcome through the development of uPA-deficient transgenic mice (uPA-/-). Using these mice, we evaluated the importance of uPA in the pulmonary inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans (strain 52D). C. neoformans was inoculated into uPA-/- and control mice (uPA+/+), and cell recruitment to the lungs was quantitated. The number of CFU in lung, spleen and brain was determined to assess clearance, and survival curves were generated. By day 21 after inoculation, uPA-/- mice had markedly fewer pulmonary inflammatory (CD45+), CD4+, and CD11b/CD18+ cells compared with uPA+/+ controls (P<0.0007); pulmonary CFUs in the uPA-/- mice continued to increase, whereas CFUs diminished in uPA+/+ mice(P<0.005). In survival studies, only 3/19 uPA+/+ mice died, whereas 15/19 uPA-/- mice died (p<0.001). We have demonstrated that uPA is required for a pulmonary inflammatory response to C. neoformans. Lack of uPA results in inadequate cellular recruitment, uncontrolled infection, and death.
OSTEOPATHY AND LICENSURE
Authors: W. F. Brokaw
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Every earnest physician should have a liberal supply of reprints of the article by Etherington on this subject (The Journal, April 27, p. 1549) for distribution to the public. It is quite superior to anything that has been published. I still have in my files roentgenograms of a neck which one of the ilk succeeded in fracturing in the then faddish treatment of polishing up the upper end of the spine. The woman lived several years. She was seen by Dr. Goldthwaite of Boston; and later at autopsy by Dr. J. D. Pilcher, under the direction of the late Dr. Carl Hamann, who was present, the fracture was verified. It may not have been a misfortune to the public that this same chap ultimately located in Chicago, whence shortly afterward he migrated to a place where they probably use some sort of heat, generated by brimstone, for
Shoe Polish Dyestuff Carcinogenicity
Authors: Alvaro Morales
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  There is already a voluminous list of human activities implicated in bladder carcinogenesis. We wish to call attention to the development of diffuse urothelial malignancy in a patient exposed to shoe polish.  Report of a Case.—  A 69-year-old woman was seen initially in September 1967 because of gross hematuria. Physical examination and routine investigations were unremarkable. An initial intravenous pyelogram (IVP) was normal. At cystoscopy two small superficial tumors were found and effulgurated. She was cystoscoped at three-month intervals, and several small recurrences were dealt with by transurethral fulguration. Yearly IVPs were negative until four years after the initial diagnosis when a defect was observed in the right ureter (Figure). Further investigation indicated the presence of a ureteral tumor. A right nephroureterectomy was performed, and a transitional cell carcinoma was found histologically. On careful questioning it was learned that this patient had worked, in her youth, and