tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Review of VEGF/VEGFR-Targeted Therapeutics for Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: David A. Reardon, Scott Turner, Katherine B. Peters, Annick Desjardins, Sridharan Gururangan, John H. Sampson, Roger E. McLendon, James E. Herndon, Lee W. Jones, John P. Kirkpatrick, Allan H. Friedman, James J. Vredenburgh, Darell D. Bigner, Henry S. Friedman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor among adults, is a highly angiogenic and deadly tumor. Angiogenesis in glioblastoma, driven by hypoxia-dependent and independent mechanisms, is primarily mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and generates blood vessels with distinctive features. The outcome for patients with recurrent glioblastoma is poor because of ineffective therapies. However, recent encouraging rates of radiographic response and progression-free survival, and adequate safety, led the FDA to grant accelerated approval of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma in May 2009. These results have triggered significant interest in additional antiangiogenic agents and therapeutic strategies for patients with both recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Given the potent antipermeability effect of VEGF inhibitors, the Radiologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria were recently implemented to better assess response among patients with glioblastoma. Although bevacizumab improves survival and quality of life, eventual tumor progression is the norm. Better understanding of resistance mechanisms to VEGF inhibitors and identification of effective therapy after bevacizumab progression are currently a critical need for patients with glioblastoma.
Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study
Authors: T. W. Park, R. Saitz, D. Ganoczy, M. A. Ilgen, A. S. B. Bohnert
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To study the association between benzodiazepine prescribing patterns including dose, type, and dosing schedule and the risk of death from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics. <b>Design</b> Case-cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2004-09. <b>Participants</b> US veterans, primarily male, who received opioid analgesics in 2004-09. All veterans who died from a drug overdose (n=2400) while receiving opioid analgesics and a random sample of veterans (n=420 386) who received VHA medical services and opioid analgesics. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Death from drug overdose, defined as any intentional, unintentional, or indeterminate death from poisoning caused by any drug, determined by information on cause of death from the National Death Index. <b>Results</b> During the study period 27% (n=112 069) of veterans who received opioid analgesics also received benzodiazepines. About half of the deaths from drug overdose (n=1185) occurred when veterans were concurrently prescribed benzodiazepines and opioids. Risk of death from drug overdose increased with history of benzodiazepine prescription: adjusted hazard ratios were 2.33 (95% confidence interval 2.05 to 2.64) for former prescriptions versus no prescription and 3.86 (3.49 to 4.26) for current prescriptions versus no prescription. Risk of death from drug overdose increased as daily benzodiazepine dose increased. Compared with clonazepam, temazepam was associated with a decreased risk of death from drug overdose (0.63, 0.48 to 0.82). Benzodiazepine dosing schedule was not associated with risk of death from drug overdose. <b>Conclusions</b> Among veterans receiving opioid analgesics, receipt of benzodiazepines was associated with an increased risk of death from drug overdose in a dose-response fashion.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has a detrimental effect on the overall survival (OS) of patients (pts) with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): Results of a Japanese randomized phase III trial.
Authors: Takashi Seto, Toshiaki Takahashi, Takeharu Yamanaka, Hideyuki Harada, Hiroshi Nokihara, Hideo Saka, Makoto Nishio, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Koichi Takayama, Osamu Ishimoto, Koji Takeda, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Motoko Tachihara, Hiroshi Sakai, Koichi Goto, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

7503 Background: A previous study has shown that PCI reduced the risk of brain metastases (BM) and prolonged the OS of patients with ED-SCLC (Slotman B et al, NEJM 2007). There were, however, several concerns that arose in association with that study, including the lack of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment to confirm the absence of BM before enrollment, the use of induction chemotherapy other than platinum, and variations in the radiation doses. Methods: From March 2009, pts with ED-SCLC who had any response to first-line platinum doublet chemotherapy were randomized to either PCI (25Gy/10 fractions) or observation (Obs) alone. The patients were required to prove the absence of BM by MRI prior to enrollment. The primary endpoint was OS and a planned sample size of 330 was determined to detect the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 at a significance level of 0.05 and a power of 80%. Secondary endpoints included time to BM (evaluated every 3 months by imaging), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse effects (AEs). Results: In July 2013, a preplanned interim analysis was conducted for the survival data of 163 pts from 41 centers. The study was terminated because of futility; with a median follow-up of 9.4 months and 111 observed deaths, the median OS was 10.1 and 15.1 months for PCI (n=84) and Obs (n=79), respectively (HR=1.38, 95%CI= 0.95-2.01; stratified log-rank test, P=0.091). Bayesian predictive probability of showing superiority of PCI over Obs was 0.01%. PCI significantly reduced the risk of BM as compared to Obs (32.4% vs 58.0% at 12 months; Gray’s test, P<0.001), whereas PFS was comparable between the two arms (median, 2.2 vs. 2.4 months; HR=1.12, 95%CI=0.82-1.54). No significant difference in AEs greater than Grade 2 was observed between the two arms. Conclusions: PCI after response to chemotherapy had a negative impact on OS in pts with ED-SCLC. Clinical trial information: 000001755.
Analysis of Human Motion: A Textbook in Kinesiology
Authors: M. Gladys Scott
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early palliative care on an inpatient oncology unit: Impact of a novel co-rounding partnership on patient and health system outcomes.
Authors: Richard F. Riedel, Kim Slusser, Steve Power, Christopher A. Jones, Thomas William LeBlanc, Arif Kamal, Devi Desai, Deborah Allen, Anthony N Galanos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3 Background: Early palliative care (PC) improves outcomes for outpatients with advanced cancer, but its impact on an inpatient oncology unit is unknown. We implemented a novel inpatient medical oncology (ONC) and PC co-rounding partnership on September 1, 2011 at Duke University Hospital. Here we report its impact on patient and health system outcomes during its first year of implementation. Methods: We extracted patient data including demographics, cancer diagnosis, disease status, length of stay (LOS), ICU transfer rate, discharge disposition, time to ER return, time to readmission, and 7- and 30-day ER return and readmission rates (RR). Pre- and post-intervention cohorts were defined as all patients admitted or transferred to the solid tumor inpatient service from September 1, 2009-June 30, 2010 and September 1, 2011-June 30, 2012, respectively. Nursing and physician surveys assessed satisfaction. We used descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, and Fisher’s exact test for analyses. Results: The pre- and post-intervention analysis cohorts included 731 and 783 patients respectively, representing 2,353 encounters. Cohorts were similar in baseline characteristics, including mean age (61 vs. 62; p=0.07), gender (male: 51% vs. 48%; p=0.22), race (white: 68% vs. 71%; p=0.39), insurance coverage (Medicare: 49% vs. 51%; p=0.96), and disease status (recurrent/metastatic: 73% vs. 74%; p=0.6). Post-intervention patients had a statistically significant decrease in mean LOS (p=0.02) from 4.51 days (95% CI 4.3-4.73) to 4.17 days (95% CI 3.97-4.37), and statistically significant improvements in 7- and 30-day readmission rates, representing a 15% (p=0.03) and 23% (p=0.05) improvement, respectively. We observed a trend for increasing hospice referral (p=0.09) and a 15% decrease in ICU transfers. Physicians and nurses universally favored the model. Conclusions: A fully-integrated, inpatient co-rounding partnership between PC and ONC resulted in statistically significant improvements in key health system-related outcomes and indicators of quality cancer care.
Can the organization of COPD care in primary health care centres help preventing exacerbations in COPD patients
Authors: Josefin Sundh, Scott Montogomery, Christer Jansson, Eva Österlund Efraimsson, Björn Ställberg, Karin Lisspers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: COPD exacerbations are associated with lung function decline,lower quality of life and increased mortality, and can be prevented by pharmacologicaltreatment and rehabilitation. The ai ...
Epithelial cell regulation of immunity in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jane Falconer, Malcolm Brodlie, Sonya Carnell, Anthony de-Soyza, James Lordan, Paul Corris, Catharien Hilkens, Chris Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Despite clinical importance, the adaptive immune system in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has been sparsely studied.  Methods: We isolated CF primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) and assessed their modulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) function and downstream T cell activation, hypothesising that epithelial cells skew immunity to favour chronic infection and lung damage in CF. Healthy monocytes were cultured with conditioned medium from 6 steady-state CF patient PBEC during moDC differentiation with IL-4 and GM-CSF.  Results: Compared to control moDC, epithelial cell conditioned moDC were tolerogenic and macrophage-like (↓CD1a, ↓ CD86, ↑CD14 and ↑ IL-10), inducing low T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Stimulation of PBEC or direct stimulation of moDC with clinically isolated  Burkholderia cenocepacia  whole cell lysate gave a mature, highly stimulatory moDC phenotype while  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  induced poor maturation and a less potent T cell response.  Figure 1. Steady state moDC phenotype and function altered by PBEC derived soluble factors. (MFI - median fluorescence intensity, CPM - counts per minute).  Conclusion: CF epithelial cells secrete factors which contribute to immune tolerance. CF pathogens may have a variable ability to overcome this regulation and induce an immune response which may favour chronic infection by  Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: David G. Pfister, Kie-Kian Ang, David M. Brizel, Barbara Burtness, Anthony J. Cmelak, A. Dimitrios Colevas, Frank Dunphy, David W. Eisele, Jill Gilbert, Maura L. Gillison, Robert I. Haddad, Bruce H. Haughey, Wesley L. Hicks, Ying J. Hitchcock, Merrill S. Kies, William M. Lydiatt, Ellie Maghami, Renato Martins, Thomas McCaffrey, Bharat B. Mittal, Harlan A. Pinto, John A. Ridge, Sandeep Samant, Giuseppe Sanguineti, David E. Schuller, Jatin P. Shah, Sharon Spencer, Andrea Trotti, Randal S. Weber, Gregory Wolf, Frank Worden
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare, very aggressive noncutaneous melanoma that affects the upper aerodigestive tract, genitourinary tract, and anal/rectal region. 1 This portion of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Head and Neck (H&N) Cancers only describes MMs of the H&N, which constitute fewer than 10% of melanomas of the H&N. 1,2Note that a separate NCCN Guideline is available for cutaneous melanoma (see NCCN Guidelines for Melanoma, available in this issue and online at www.NCCN.org).
Lung cancer metabolomics in plasma, urine and broncheoalveolar lavage. A pilot study
Authors: Ricardo Aguilar, Eva Vázquez, Antonio Ruiz, Rocío Castilla, Raúl González, Jesús Grávalos, Tamara García, Jose Luis Gómez-Ariza, Jose Antonio Maldonado, Antonio Pereira-Vega
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Lung cancer (LC) has high morbimortality rates. Today, research in biomarkers is a hot topic, and among these, the least frequently studied, are those of the metabolomics field.  Our aims are to present preliminary data using metabolomics technics for detection of differentiated patterns between patients with LC and non-lung cancer (NLC) patients, to obtain an effective screening method.  We obtained blood, urine, and broncheoalveolar lavage (BLA) samples from a group of patients who underwent bronchoscopy, for further analysis through mass spectrometry methods. These techniques provide us with metabolic fingerprinting, allowing the study of the metabolites involved in the process.  Identification of the resultant metabolites was performed trough mass-mass fragmentation procedures. Guided by mass spectrum, the results where processed by  Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis . We compared the results from both groups.  Initially, 7 LC patients and 7 NLC subjects9 samples were included. We found differences in metabolite profiles among these groups, allowing us to differentiate between LC and NLC cases. Including the blood and urine samples, we where able to identify potentially overexpressed markers, such as choline, phosphocholine and propionylcarnitine, leaving analysis of BLA samples results pending.  In conclusion, both groups shown different metabolomics profiles in the analyzed samples, this allows for its statistic discrimination.  Metabolites that are responsible for this discrimination have been identified and correlated with previously described neoplastic processes.  The preliminary data raises the possibility of further studies that will allow the development of early screening technics.
Risk factors for tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients in Switzerland. Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: P Sudre, B Hirschel, L Toscani, B Ledergerber, HL Rieder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons living in Switzerland, a country with low prevalence of tuberculous infection. We performed a nested case-control study and logistic regression. Cases (n = 239) were patients participating in the Swiss-HIV Cohort study (n = 7,103), diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. The rest of the cohort population was used as control. Patients from industrialized countries had a risk of tuberculosis similar to those from Switzerland (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.7-1.5); whereas the risk among patients from Eastern Europe (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-3.7), Brazil (OR 10.6; 95% CI 9.6-11.5), and Africa (OR 3.0; 95% CI 2.4-3.6) was markedly higher. Immune suppression, as indicated by low CD4 + cell count, was an independent risk factor for tuberculosis (OR 7.8; 95% CI 7.3-8.3 for patients with CD4 + < 50 cells.mm-3 compared to those with CD4 + > 500 cells.mm-3). Age, sex and HIV-transmission category did not appear to increase the risk of tuberculosis after adjustment for other patient characteristics. In conclusion, in countries of low prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, to originate from a country with high prevalence of tuberculosis infection and to have advanced immunodeficiency are significant risk factors for tuberculosis. They may be used to complement the tuberculin skin test in targeting patients for preventive chemotherapy.
Immunological Studies in Patients With Placental Choriocarcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G MATHE, J DAUSSET, E HERVET, J L AMIEL, J COLOMBANI, G BRULE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

The sera of 5 women with metastases of a choriocarcinoma contained agglutinins against the spouse's leukocytes and thrombocytes. The leuko-agglutinating power of these sera was poor in 2 patients but considerable in the other 3. Four of these patients received a skin graft from their respective spouses. Tolerance was at the upper limit of normal in the 2 patients showing a high titer of leuko-agglutinins and above normal in 2 showing a low titer. A second skin graft from the spouse, received by 2 of these women, was also tolerated longer than normal. The significance of these observations is discussed.
India's urban middle class has high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, finds study
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Cardiometabolic risk factors are highly prevalent among India’s urban middle class, indicate the findings of an 11 city, cross sectional survey.1 But a comparatively lower prevalence was seen in cities in eastern India and cities that ranked lower on a social development index.

Published in the Journal of Global Health , the study found that the prevalence of high blood pressure, high cholesterol concentrations, overweight, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome was significantly lower among people living in urban regions of eastern India (P<0.05). Diabetes and metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in north Indian cities.

One of the study’s coauthors, Rajeev Gupta, told The BMJ that, unlike most other reports, his …
Impact of multifaceted preventive measures on ventilator-associated pneumonia at a single surgical centre
Authors: Priyam Batra, Purva Mathur, Nibu V. John, Sunita A. Nair, Richa Aggarwal, Kapil Dev Soni, Ashish Bindra, Keshav Goyal, Mahesh C. Misra
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with portopulmonary hypertension
Authors: Michael Halank, Lars Knudsen, Hans-Juergen Seyfarth, Ralf Ewert, Baerbel Wiedemann, Martin Kolditz, Gert Hoeffken, Marius Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Ambrisentan, a selective endothelin receptor antagonist has been approved in several countries for pulmonary arterial hypertension. No data have been published on the efficacy of ambrisentan on improvement of exercise capacity in patients with portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH).  Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of ambrisentan in patients with PoPH in four German university hospitals.  Results: 14 patients with moderate to severe PoPH were included. The median follow-up was 16 months (IQR, 12-21). 6 minute walk tests after 6 and 12 months improved from 376 meters (IQR, 207-440) at baseline to 415 meters (IQR, 393-475; p=0.011) and 413 meters (IQR, 362-473), respectively. WHO- functional class after 1 year of therapy with ambrisentan also improved significantly (p=0.014). No significant changes in blood gas analysis and liver transaminases were detectable.  Conclusions: The present study demonstrates significant improvement of exercise capacity and symptoms without relevant safety concerns during ambrisentan treatment in patients with PoPH.
NALP3 and CARD8 genetic polymorphisms and antituberculosis-drugs induced hepatitis
Authors: Sang-Heon Kim, Hyun Jung Kwak, Ho Joo Yoon, Dong Ho Shin, Sung Soo Park, Sang-Hoon Kim, Youn-Seup Kim, Jae-Seuk Park, Young Koo Jee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Backgrounds:  Genetic susceptibility to the development of antituberculosis drugs (ATD)-induced hepatitis is poorly understood yet. The NALP3 inflammasomes, which sense danger signals and produce IL-1β, may contribute to the initiation of inflammatory response and ATD-induced hepatitis. We examined if the polymorphisms in NALP3 inflammasome genes ( NLRP3  and  CARD8 ) are associated with ATD-induced hepatitis.   Methods:  We enrolled 80 patients with ATD-induced hepatitis and 238 ATD-tolerant subjects. DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in  NLRP3  and  CARD8 . Genotype frequencies of SNPs and haploptyes were compared between patients with ATD-induced hepatitis and ATD-tolerant patients.   Results:  Of seven SNPs of  NALP3  (rs35829419, rs4612666, rs10754558, rs4353135, rs55646866, rs72655377 and rs10733113), there was no significant association with ATD-induced hepatitis. Analysis of  NALP3  haplotypes found no significant relationship with ATD-induced hepatitis. C10X of CARD8 (rs2043211) was not associated with the risk of ATD-induced hepatitis.   Conclusions:  These findings indicate that  NALP3  and  CARD8  genetic polymorphisms are not associated with the development of ATD-induced hepatitis in Korean population, and suggest that NALP3 inflammasome do not play important roles in the pathogenesis of ATD-induced hepatitis.
<i> <scp>CARD</scp> 9 </i> mutation linked to <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i> infection in a Chinese patient
Authors: X.X. Yan, C.P. Yu, X.A. Fu, F.F. Bao, D.H. Du, C. Wang, N. Wang, S.F. Wang, Z.X. Shi, G.Z. Zhou, H.Q. Tian, H. Liu, F.R. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Corynespora cassiicola is a plant pathogen associated with leaf-spotting disease. The fungus has been found on diverse substrates: leaves, stems and roots of plants; nematode cysts and human skin. It rarely causes human infections. Here we report one case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. cassiicola with prominent tissue necrosis in a woman. All of her clinical features pointed towards a genetic linkage. Hence, whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on this patient. One mutation of CARD9 was detected.
Kidney Cancer, Version 2.2014
Authors: Robert J. Motzer, Eric Jonasch, Neeraj Agarwal, Clair Beard, Sam Bhayani, Graeme B. Bolger, Sam S. Chang, Toni K. Choueiri, Ithaar H. Derweesh, Shilpa Gupta, Steven L. Hancock, Jenny J. Kim, Timothy M. Kuzel, Elaine T. Lam, Clayton Lau, Ellis G. Levine, Daniel W. Lin, Kim A. Margolin, M. Dror Michaelson, Thomas Olencki, Roberto Pili, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Edward N. Rampersaud, Bruce G. Redman, Charles J. Ryan, Joel Sheinfeld, Kanishka Sircar, Brad Somer, Jue Wang, Richard B. Wilder, Mary A. Dwyer, Rashmi Kumar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight treatment recommendations and updates specific to the management of patients with advanced non-clear cell carcinoma included in the 2014 version of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Kidney Cancer.