tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chance, concurrence, and clustering. Analysis of reviewers' recommendations on 1,000 submissions to the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Authors: B F Scharschmidt, A DeAmicis, P Bacchetti, M J Held
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

in a peer-reviewed journal is typically the culmina- tion of an individual research project.Collectively, publica- tions chronicle and facilitate the evolution of science, and the publications of an individual investigator represent both a per- manent record of his or her contributions to a particular disci- pline and an important criterion for academic promotion ( 1).Editors ofleading journals seek to publish papers that are inno- vative, important, and scientifically sound, and they typically rely upon the opinions of two or more independent reviewers to help them make such judgments.Despite the central importance of peer review and the in- creasing interest in the peer review process, there is compara- tively little information about grading tendencies of reviewers, the degree to which reviewers of an individual manuscript agree or disagree on technical and conceptual issues, and the possible relationship between the ways in which reviewers are selected and the judgments they render.To address these ques- tions, we took advantage of the opportunity available to us during our stewardship of The Journal ofClinical Investigation (JCI), a rigorously reviewed publication ofthe American Soci- ety for Clinical Investigation, which ranks among the top bio- medical research journals in citation frequency and overall im- pact (2-4).At the time of this study, the JCI had an accep- tance rate of 25-30%.Editorial handling ofmanuscripts at the time ofthis study and analysis ofreviewers' responses Editorial handing ofmanuscripts.First-cycle submissions analyzed for this study needed to have received two reviews and have been submitted for regular
Coagulation/fibrinolysis and inflammation markers are associated with disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria
Authors: S. Takahagi, S. Mihara, K. Iwamoto, S. Morioke, T. Okabe, Y. Kameyoshi, M. Hide
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The evaluation of disease severity and activity of chronic urticaria (CU) is essential for the adequate treatment of patients. However, there is no reliable biomarker for such evaluations. Recently, markers of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been revealed to be elevated in severe cases of CU. In this article, we studied the coagulation/fibrinolysis and inflammation markers and their relationship to disease activity in patients with CU.Plasma fibrin degradation products (FDP), d-dimer and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured with the assessment of disease severity and skin reaction to autologous serum in 82 patients with CU and 37 patients with acute urticaria, idiopathic angioedema (AE) or inducible types of urticaria (IU).The levels of FDP in patients with CU were significantly higher than those in patients with IU, but no other differences in FDP, d-dimer and CRP were observed among patients with different types of urticaria. These markers of patients with CU were well correlated with each other and significantly associated with disease severity of CU, but not with skin reactions to autologous serum. In 37 patients with CU, levels of all these parameters reduced as their disease condition improved, while they increased when the disease became aggravated. Regarding FDP, this relationship was observed even if FDP concentrations were within normal range throughout the study.The measurement of plasma FDP, d-dimer and serum CRP may be useful for the assessment of disease activity of CU.
We are definitely not amused
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Family doctors are far more likely to use “we” than patients, who are far more likely to use “I” during consultations, researchers have shown, in what is believed to be the first in depth study of pronoun use by doctors and patients.

A team from the Department of General Practice at Birmingham University analysed audiotapes of 375 consultations at 21 practices in the West Midlands for use of first person pronouns ( Family Practice 2002;19:484-8)

They found that the average number of words spoken at …
Health status and PCBs in blood of workers exposed to PCBs and of their children.
Authors: I Hara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A follow-up study of capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their children was conducted since 1973. PCB levels in whole blood of workers as well as in breast milk of the exposed lactating mothers were approximately 10 to 100 times those of nonexposed Japanese. Blood PCB levels had a statistically significant correlation with the duration of PCB handling and breast milk PCB levels. The rate of decline of blood PCB levels, as well as the changes of the gas chromatograph of blood PCB over 7 years was found to vary with the kind of PCB handled. The levels of blood PCB tended to be higher in the children fed PCB-contaminated breast milk for a long period. The great majority of workers handling PCBs had dermatologic complaints. Discontinuance of contact with PCB led to gradual improvement of these lesions. Abnormal results in the blood chemistry of the workers were rare, while serum triglyceride concentration was significantly correlated with blood PCB levels in 1974. In the questionnaire study, the number of complaints in children born from mothers who had handled PCBs, especially those fed breast milk for a long period, was conspicuously higher than that in control groups. Several children were found to have the same medical findings as in yusho; however, they have not been diagnosed as PCB-poisoning, because these findings were neither so serious nor related to the blood PCB levels.
Has AFIP debugged the cat scratch mystery?
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The discovery of a possible cause for cat scratch disease (CSD), a painful but benign disease that is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed—partly because its etiology has baffled pathologists for 50 years—was announced recently by researchers at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington, DC, and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Md. "We were amazed when we saw them," Douglas J. Wear, MD, of the AFIP, told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. "We thought if we found bacteria, the illness<i>couldn't</i>be cat scratch disease, because most pathologists leaned toward a virus as being the causative agent." Nonetheless, report Wear and colleagues, delicate pleomorphic gram-negative bacilli appear to be the etiologic agents (<i>Science</i>1983;221:1403-1404). The mysterious disease, which has been known as nonbacterial lymphadenitis, among other things, was first reported in 1950, although even then it had been recognized for at least 20 years. Diagnosis requires that
Case 16-1966
Authors: Daniel S. Ellis, Wallace A. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of mental confusion.Nineteen months previously, during admission to another hospital because of chest pain, a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was made. He was treated with bed rest and anticoagulant therapy and was discharged on the thirty-fourth hospital day on a regimen of digitalis, 0.1 gm. daily, and a diet without added salt. On a follow-up examination two months later the heart was not enlarged; a Grade 2 ejection-type systolic murmur at the aortic area and a Grade 2 blowing systolic murmur at the cardiac apex were . . .
The Treatment of Acute Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: D. Drew
Journal: BMJ (1926)

In the course of an address on " Some Rudiments of Intestinal Surgery," delivered before the Midland Medical Society, Mr. Treves made some important remarks upon certain essentials in the treatment of acute intestinal obstruction.In such cases the occlusion of the bowel is by no means either the most serious or the most essential element in the progress of events.
Case 34-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Roland H. Ingram, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.Her health had been excellent until one month previously, when she had a respiratory-tract infection characterized by rhinorrhea, a nonproductive cough and a sore throat, all of which subsided after a week. Fatigue developed, with an intermittent dry cough and exertional dyspnea. She ceased smoking two packages of cigarettes daily, without improvement. One week before entry a physician made the diagnosis of bilateral basilar pneumonia and prescribed tetracycline. On the day of admission examination by her physician revealed that the pneumonia was more extensive.She was . . .
Development and validation of materials for double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) tests in children
Authors: B.J. Vlieg-Boerstra, C.M. Bijleveld, S. van der Heide, B.J. Beusekamp, S.S.A. Plompen, J. Kukler, E.J. Duiverman, A.E.J. Dubois
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
PROLONGATION OF PROTHROMBIN TIME WITH IVERMECTIN
Authors: MamounM.A. Homeida, IsamA. Bagi, HashimW. Ghalib, Hadi El Sheikh, Abdulla Ismail, MahgoubA. Yousif, Suad Sulieman, HassanM. Ali, J.L. Bennett, J. Williams
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
The Prevention of Epidemics
Authors: E. M. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1885)

a. Contraction of capillaries.b.Contraction' of endothelial cell' c.Coagulation and fibrillation of contents.3. Nerves.Remarkable distinctness of Meissner's corpuscles.III. Panniculhs Adiposus.-1.Ground-tissue unaltered. 2. Fat- lobules unaltered. 3. Sweat-glands.Fusion of cells and fibrillation ofspnteuts of ducts near surface of cutis vera.4. Nerves.Doubtful 4w lliug of endoneurium. 5. Vessels.Doubtful excessive contrac- tion of arteries.The recorded-morbid, appearances of death from lightning are note- w,orthy,in general, on account of the absence of obyious internal lesionQ; in this they agree with the present case.Although at least twp, fatal cases have been reported in this country from the action of theq electrical fluid generated by machinery, yet we are, not aware that the p.athQlogisJ changes have been placed on record.,,Lo9kiuag at the present increase in the application of electricity to v?iqoqg ppxpoees, it seems quite probable that fatal accidents will in- creqs,s among those who, from the nature of -their vocation, are daily .igagedamong the complicated machinery.Important medico- legal questions may arise on the subject of a person found dead in the n~qighb,urhood of electrical machines or conducting wires.So, too, itis oufficien.tly.bviousthat such an agent as electricity might-be Qm- p.loy, 3y mlurdererg, cquainted with the working of electrical appa- r,$tus, and with the absence of traces of violence left by the action qf the current.,It may, therefore, justly be said that a record of such cases is of importance, if, only to serve as references for future comparison,From the evidence of those who stood near, it would seem as though the man,,were instantly deprived of life.No doubt the vital spots at the base of the brain are, in such cases, markedly implicated.The fluid pondition of 'all the blood, and. the uncontracted state of the heart, were quite striking, but. the naked eye appearances of.injuries like .these are surqetqobe obscure and negative in character, and it is only by the microscope that we can hope to: appreciate any of the minuter changes that occur.The condition of the blistered skin is verv peculiar, and differs from that of the ordinary burn-blister in several particulars.Such appearances would be quite recognisable on another occasion.
Candida albicans Arthritis Treated with Flucytosine
Authors: Folke D. Lindström, Tore Lindholm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 July 1973Candida albicans Arthritis Treated with FlucytosineFOLKE D. LINDSTRÖM, M.D., TORE LINDHOLM, M.D.FOLKE D. LINDSTRÖM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, TORE LINDHOLM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-1-131_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Immune deficient states, whether spontaneous or iatrogenic (corticoids, immunosuppressive agents, irradiation), and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy seem to predispose to candida infections (1, 2). Flucytosine is a new addition to antifungal antimicrobics (3-5) and a welcome alternative to the toxic amphotericin B. We present a case of Candida albicans arthritis that was successfully treated with flucytosine.The patient was a white woman born in 1933. In 1955 Bright's disease was diagnosed. Renal function deteriorated, and hemodialysis was started in 1966. After bilateral nephrectomy in 1967, a renal transplantation was done on 20 May 1970, and she was started...References1. QUIECHILGREN PR: Acute disseminated and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Semin Hematol 8:227-242, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. PILLAYWILSONTODD VDS: Fungus infection in steroid treated systemic lupus erythematosus. JAMA 205:261-265, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TASSELMADOFF DM: Treatment of Candida sepsis and Cryptococcus meningitis with 5-fluorocytosine. JAMA 206:830-832, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHÖNEBECK J: Studies on Candida infection of the urinary tract and on the antimycotic drug 5-fluorocytosine. Scand J Urol Nephrol No. 6, Suppl 11, 1972 Google Scholar5. UTZ J: Flucytosine. N Engl J Med 286:777-778, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCandida Arthritis: Analysis of 112 Pediatric and Adult CasesFungal Arthritis: A reviewCANDIDA OSTEOMYELITIS PUBIS FOLLOWING A MARSHALL-MARCHETTI PROCEDURECandida arthritis in adult patients who are not intravenous drug addicts: Report of three cases and review of the literatureCandida krusei infectious arthritisHematogenous Candida SpondylitisFungal arthritis. I. Candida arthritis: Diagnostic and prognostic implications and therapeutic considerationsFlucytosineJOHN E. BENNETT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Candida arthritisCandida arthritis treated with amphotericin B 1 July 1973Volume 79, Issue 1Page: 131-131KeywordsAmphotericinAntibioticsAntifungalsArthritisCandidaCandida albicansGlomerulonephritisImmunosuppressivesNephrectomyRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 July 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 5686: Engineering multifunctional nanoparticles to selectively target multiple myeloma cells and overcome cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance
Authors: Tanyel Kiziltepe, Jonathan D. Ashley, Jared F. Stefanick, Nathan J. Alves, Micheal W. Handlogten, Yu Meng Qi, Mark Suckow, Rudolph Navari, Basar Bilgicer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In the continuing search for effective treatments for cancer, here we report the rational engineering of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle that combines traditional chemotherapy with cell targeting and anti-cellular-adhesion functionalities to selectively target multiple myeloma (MM) cells and overcome cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Anti-cellular-adhesion evolves as a promising target in oncology. VLA-4-mediated adhesion to the bone marrow extracellular matrix and stromal cells confers MM cells with CAM-DR. In our design, we used micellar nanoparticles as dynamic self-assembling scaffolds to present VLA-4-antagonist peptides and doxorubicin conjugates simultaneously to selectively target MM cells and to overcome CAM-DR. Doxorubicin was conjugated to the nanoparticles through an pH-sensitive hydrazone bond to prevent premature release and thus non-specific toxicity. Peptides were conjugated via a multifaceted synthetic procedure for generating precisely controlled number of targeting functionalities per nanoparticle. The nanoparticles, which exhibited a size of ∼20nm, were efficiently internalized by MM cells with an optimal peptide valency of 20 per micelle, and induced cytotoxicity to MM cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticles induced DNA double strand breaks as evidenced by H2AX phosphorylation, and triggered apoptosis, which was associated with PARP and caspase-8 cleavage. Importantly, multifunctional nanoparticles were more efficacious than doxorubicin in the presence of fibronectin (IC50=0.15±0.04 μM and 0.42±0.09 μM, respectively), and overcame CAM-DR induced by adherence of MM cells to fibronectin. Finally, in a MM xenograft model, nanoparticles preferentially homed to MM tumors, with a ∼10 fold more drug accumulation when compared to doxorubicin, and demonstrated dramatic tumor growth inhibition with much reduced overall systemic toxicity. Taken together, we demonstrate the disease-driven engineering of a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, enabling the model of an integrative approach in the treatment of MM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5686. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5686
A CASE OF GASTROSTOMY FOR IMPERMEABLE STRICTURE OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE (ESOPHAGUS. RECOVERY. SUBSEQUENT DILATATION OF THE STRICTURE, FOLLOWED BY RETROGRADE DILATATION.
Authors: ARCH DIXON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

On July 14 of the present year, Dr. Thos. W. Taylor consulted me in regard to a patient who was unable to swallow anything save liquid. The patient, Gapt. S., aged 54, weight previous to difficulty in swallowing 230 lbs., at time of examination 156 lbs. Examination by means of œsophageal bougie (smallest size) revealed the fact that complete stenosis of the oesophagus existed at the cardiac end. Repeated trials failed to pass the stricture, and the patient was informed that only an operation, the nature of which was explained to him, could prevent his death from starvation. Operation was declined. Again on July 29, the patient consulted me, and after persistent effort I failed to pass the stricture with the smallest bougie? He was requested by me to go before the Henderson County Medical Society, which held a meeting that afternoon, and be examined. To this he consented, and
The learning curve
Authors: Tom Treasure
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Bridgewater and colleagues have studied the surgical results of surgeons in each of their first four years of independent practice and report that there is a learning curve.1 To explain the concept of a learning curve a surgeon writing in the New Yorker magazine chose for his example the insertion of a central venous line into the subclavian vein by the subclavicular route.2 His chosen example was a good one. Pneumothorax and major bleeding are common in inexperienced hands and the technique merits special precautions, but in Gawande's experience it is taught, resident to resident, at the bedside, on a “see one, do one” basis. He uses it to explain the inescapable fact—that there is risk in being a patient. Our duty in providing health care is to get that risk to a minimum while at the same time learning …
Virulence of catalase-deficient aspergillus nidulans in p47(phox)-/- mice. Implications for fungal pathogenicity and host defense in chronic granulomatous disease.
Authors: Y C Chang, B H Segal, S M Holland, G F Miller, K J Kwon-Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic disorder in which phagocytes fail to produce superoxide because of defects in one of several components of the NADPH oxidase complex. As a result, patients develop recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. The organisms to which CGD patients are most susceptible produce catalase, regarded as an important factor for microbial pathogenicity in CGD. To test the role of pathogen-derived catalase in CGD directly, we have generated isogenic strains of Aspergillus nidulans in which one or both of the catalase genes (catA and catB), have been deleted. We hypothesized that catalase negative mutants would be less virulent than the wild-type strain in experimental animal models. CGD mice were produced by disruption of the p47(phox) gene which encodes the 47-kD subunit of the NADPH oxidase. Wild-type A. nidulans inoculated intranasally caused fatal infection in CGD mice, but did not cause disease in wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, wild-type A. nidulans and the catA, catB, and catA/catB mutants were equally virulent in CGD mice. Histopathological studies of fatally infected CGD mice showed widely distributed lesions in the lungs regardless of the presence or absence of the catA and catB genes. Similar to the CGD model, catalase-deficient A. nidulans was highly virulent in cortisone-treated BALB/c mice. Taken together, these results indicate that catalases do not play a significant role in pathogenicity of A. nidulans in p47(phox)-/- mice, and therefore raise doubt about the central role of catalases as a fungal virulence factor in CGD.
Ulcers and the colon: keep an open mind
Authors: G W Moran, R Hejmadi, E Campbell, R Boulton
Journal: Gut (2008)

A 59-year-old Asian lady was referred with a history of iron deficiency anaemia. Her blood count was 10.5 g/dl with a ferritin of 5 μg/l. A previous upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with …
Induction of gastro-oesophageal reflux by alcohol.
Authors: S E Kaufman, M D Kaye
Journal: Gut (1978)

In order to establish whether alcohol in amounts in amounts customarily imbibed during social drinking causes gastro-oesophageal reflux, 12 healthy young individuals, without symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, were studied twice. Each time, distal oesophageal pH was monitored continuously for three hours after a standard meal which included either 180 ml 100 proof vodka or 180 ml water. The order of studies with and without alcohol was random. Peak blood alcohol concentrations ranged between 0.63 and 1.29 g/l. Eleven of the 12 subjects refluxed more after alcohol; and the difference in mean reflux scores for studies with and without alcohol was highly significant. We conclude that relatively modest quanttities of alcohol induce gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy people.
Understanding multicellular function and disease with human tissue-specific networks
Authors: Casey S Greene, Arjun Krishnan, Aaron K Wong, Emanuela Ricciotti, Rene A Zelaya, Daniel S Himmelstein, Ran Zhang, Boris M Hartmann, Elena Zaslavsky, Stuart C Sealfon, Daniel I Chasman, Garret A FitzGerald, Kara Dolinski, Tilo Grosser, Olga G Troyanskaya
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
EB Virus and the Treatment of Lymphomas
Authors: R. Salm
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The high incidence of EB virus infections (and possibly of other viruses) in patients with African lymphoma and, to a lesser extent, in patients with lymphosarcoma in the temperate zones, is thought to be due to its being a passenger virus which persists in the human body and, since it is lymphotropic, presents an opportunistic infection of proliferating lymphoid cells. The thesis is put forward that by entering the cell nucleus, the virus renders malignant lymphoid cells more vulnerable to cytotoxic drugs. Hence a deliberate policy of EB virus inoculation before starting chemotherapy might achieve a more rapid response and longer remissions in indigenous lymphomas of the temperate zones, and might possibly render drug-resistant cases once more drug-sensitive.