tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Control of breathing in obstructive sleep apnoea and in patients with the overlap syndrome
Authors: L Radwan, Z Maszczyk, A Koziorowski, M Koziej, J Cieslicki, P Sliwinski, J Zielinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In some patients obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may co-exist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory failure; the so-called "overlap syndrome". Obstructive, hypercapnic patients have both blunted ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses during CO2 stimulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the pattern of breathing and CO2 response between OSA patients and those with the overlap syndrome. Twenty obese men with OSA and normal lung function (Group A), 11 obese men with overlap syndrome (Group B) and 13 healthy nonobese subjects (Group C) were examined. Lung function tests, breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressure (P0.2) at rest, and respiratory responses during CO2 rebreathing were investigated. Diagnosis of OSA was established by standard polysomnography. There were no statistical differences between Groups A and B in apnoea &amp; hypopnoea index (62 vs 54), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during sleep (85 vs 84%) and in body mass index (BMI) 34.3 vs 36.3 kg.m-2. Minute ventilation, mean inspiratory flow and P0.2 at rest were increased in both groups of patients in comparison to controls. During CO2 rebreathing, group A had normal ventilatory and P0.2 responses, similar to controls, (2.7 +/- 1.1 vs 2.1 +/- 0.4 l.min-1.mmHg-1 and 0.7 +/- 0.3 vs 0.71 +/- 0.25 cmH2O.mmHg-1, respectively). However, Group B had significantly decreased ventilatory and P0.2 responses to CO2 (0.71 +/- 0.23 l.min-1.mmHg-1 and 0.34 +/- 0.17 cmH2O.mmHg-1, respectively). This comparison showed that patients with OSA had normal CO2 response when awake, whereas those with overlap syndrome had diminished CO2 response when awake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Burden of comorbidities and NT-proBNP concentrations in stable COPD patients
Authors: Laura Caram, Renata Ferrari, André Bertani, Liana Coelho, Suzana Minamoto, Irma Godoy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The relationship between serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations and COPD severity is not yet well established in the literature. Studies have evaluated the concentrations of NT-proBNP in COPD patients; however, few studies evaluated this association according to GOLD. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the association between NT-proBNP, COPD severity, smoking history and concentrations of inflammatory mediators in 50 COPD patients classified according to GOLD (25 COPD mild/moderate and 25 COPD severe/very severe). All individuals underwent to medical history and physical examination, clinical and laboratory assessments, pre-and post-bronchodilator spirometry and comorbidities (Charlson index). Interleukin (IL6), NT-proBNP concentrations and echocardiography were performed. Concentrations of NT-proBNP did not differ statistically between groups [COPD mild/moderate:135.60(73.65-268.75),p=0.58] and COPD severe/very severe:100.80(62.75-149.00),p=0.58]. Smoking history, IL6 and left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVD) also did not differ between groups. FEV1, smoking history, LVD, IL6 and Charlson index were included as independent variables in the multiple linear regression to identify the factors associated with NT-proBNP concentrations. Only the Charlson index showed positive association with concentrations of NT-proBNP [r2=0.40, 80.27(15.07-145.48),p=0.01]. In conclusion, NT-proBNP concentrations did not differ according disease severity. However, the presence of comorbidities is associated with increased NT-proBNP concentrations, suggesting values of NT-proBNP are related to the bunder of comorbidities in COPD patients.
Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules localized beyond the range of standard bronchfiberoscope – Preliminary results
Authors: Szymon Skoczynski, Grzegorz Brozek, Wladyslaw Pierzchala
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  There is a wide range of tools used in diagnosis of pulmonary nodules localized beyond the range of standard bronchfiberoscope, but is still difficult to choose best method to obtain tissue samples.   Aims and objectives:  The aim of our study was to asses safety and utility of methods currently used in Department of Pulmonology in Katowice, Poland, and on the basis of obtained results to prepare diagnostic protocol to be tested in prospective study.   Methods:  93 consecutive patients records (56 females and 37 makes) were analyzed. Included patients had at least one pulmonary nodule exceeding 10 mm in diameter, which on the basis of CT scan was not assessable by standard bronchofiberoscope.   Results:  64 transthoracic biopsies were performed: 40 CT-guided cytological [22 (55%) diagnostic], 20 ultrasound guided cytological [10 (50%) diagnostic] and 4 ultrasound guided histological [all diagnostic] respectively. Pleural fluid was examined 8 times but only one pleurocentesis was diagnostic. Sputum analysis was performed 16 times but all results were not diagnostic. Out of 39 cases in which bronchofiberoscopy was performed 6 (15,9%) were diagnostic. All, except one positive diagnoses were pulmonary cancer. Out of 40 CT guided biopsies 17 (42,5%) were complicated by pneumothorax. In 3 (7,5%) cases drainage was required. Out of 20 ultrasound guided cytological biopsies there was 1 pneumothorax not requiring drainage. There were no observed complications in histological biopsies. The diameter of nodules in patients with positive diagnosis was bigger (p   Conclusions:  Accurate selection of diagnostic tools seems to be crucial for effective and safe diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
Endometriosis is linked to greater risk of complications in pregnancy and birth, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Women with endometriosis have a higher risk of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, a large cohort study in Scotland has found. Women with the condition who maintain a pregnancy for more than 24 weeks face further risks, including a higher risk of placenta praevia, bleeding before and after birth, and caesarean section.

To evaluate pregnancy outcomes researchers used discharge data from all NHS hospitals in Scotland and linked records of women …
Survival Benefit of High-Dose Therapy in Poor-Risk Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Prospective LNH87–2 Protocol—A Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte Study
Authors: Corinne Haioun, Eric Lepage, Christian Gisselbrecht, Gilles Salles, Bertrand Coiffier, Pauline Brice, André Bosly, Pierre Morel, Christiane Nouvel, Hervé Tilly, Pierre Lederlin, Catherine Sebban, Josette Brière, Philippe Gaulard, Félix Reyes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To present the final analysis, with a median follow-up of 8 years, of the LNH87–2 randomized study, which compares consolidative sequential chemotherapy (ifosfamide plus etoposide, asparaginase, and cytarabine) with high-dose therapy (HDT) using cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV regimen) followed by stem-cell transplantation in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in first complete remission after induction, focusing on high/intermediate- and high-risk patients identified by the age-adjusted international prognostic index. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among the 916 eligible patients, 451 presented with two (n = 318) or three (n = 133) risk factors. After reaching complete remission to induction therapy, 236 of these higher risk patients were assessable for the consolidation phase, with 125 patients in the HDT arm and 111 in the sequential chemotherapy arm. RESULTS: Among these 451 higher risk patients, 277 (61%) achieved complete remission after induction treatment. In the population of 236 randomized patients, HDT was superior to sequential chemotherapy, with 8-year disease-free survival rates of 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46% to 64%) and 39% (95% CI, 30% to 48%), respectively (P = .02; relative risk, 1.56). The 8-year survival rate was significantly superior in the HDT arm (64%; 95% CI, 55% to 73%) compared with the sequential chemotherapy arm (49%; 95% CI, 39% to 59%) (P = .04; relative risk, 1.51). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the final analysis of this prospectively treated series of patients, retrospectively analyzed on the basis of the International Prognostic Index, we hypothesize that HDT benefits patients at higher risk who achieve complete remission after induction treatment.
Abstract 2646: Building a powerful ADCs discovery and development platform with novel dolastatin/auristatin payloads
Authors: Shanghui Hu, Lucy X. Zhao, Xu Liu, Chao Li, Wei Hu, Zunrong Wang, Xufang Tian
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract A family of novel warheads derived from dolastatins or auristatins were designed and synthesized. They showed similar or better antitumor activities against several typical cancer cell lines compared with dolastatin 10 or monomethylauristatin E or F. The conjugated ADCs with Trastuzumab have showed potent activities against Her2 breast cancer cell lines. The validated platform with novel cytotoxins can be potentially used to ADCs discovery and development. Citation Format: Shanghui Hu, Lucy X. Zhao, Xu Liu, Chao Li, Wei Hu, Zunrong Wang, Xufang Tian. Building a powerful ADCs discovery and development platform with novel dolastatin/auristatin payloads. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2646. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2646
Intrathecal or intraventricular therapy for post-neurosurgical Gram-negative meningitis: matched cohort study
Authors: B. Shofty, A. Neuberger, M.E. Naffaa, T. Binawi, T. Babitch, Z.H. Rappaport, M. Zaaroor, G. Sviri, M. Paul
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes in adults: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Stephanie A Amiel, Nancy Pursey, Bernard Higgins, Dalia Dawoud
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

#### How patients were involved in the creation of this article

Patients were involved at every stage of creating the guideline. Patient groups and individuals contributed to the scoping of the update and at the consultation stage. Lay members were active in the Guideline Development Group, contributing to the formulation of the recommendations summarised here, and were instrumental in setting the new treatment targets.

Having type 1 diabetes reduces the life expectancy of adults in the United Kingdom by as much as 13 years.1 Despite incontrovertible evidence that good care reduces the risk of complications such as blindness, renal failure, and premature cardiovascular disease and death,2 as well as complications of treatment such as severe hypoglycaemia,3 fewer than 30% of UK adults with type 1 diabetes achieve current national treatment targets for glucose control.4 The challenges of managing type 1 diabetes do not lessen after the age of 18 years. Since the publication of the 2004 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline, new technologies to achieve diabetic control have become available—for example, insulin analogues, new glucose meters, and real time …
Abstract 4598: Major Predictors of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Coronary Disease: Analysis From the MAIN-COMPARE Study
Authors: Sun-Yang Min, Duk-Woo Park, Jong-Young Lee, Hae-geun Song, Jong-Seon Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Demyelination and single-carbon transfer pathway metabolites during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: CSF studies.
Authors: R Surtees, J Clelland, I Hann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To investigate the hypothesis that methotrexate causes demyelination due to a deficiency in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients treated on the Medical Research Council United Kingdom ALL trial no. 11 (MRC UKALL XI) were studied. The trial randomized patients at the presymptomatic CNS treatment (PCNS) phase to receive (1) intrathecal methotrexate and cranial radiotherapy (CRTX); (2) high-dose intravenous methotrexate with folinic acid rescue and continuing intrathecal methotrexate (HDMTX); and (3) continuing intrathecal methotrexate alone (ITMTX). Serial CSF samples were collected throughout treatment and concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTF), methionine (MET), SAM, and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured. The results were grouped into treatment milestones and compared with an age-matched reference population. RESULTS There was a highly significant effect of both treatment milestones and trial arm on the metabolite and MBP concentrations. CSF MTF reached a nadir during the induction phase of treatment, while SAM and MET reached their nadir during the consolidation phase. CSF MBP mirrored SAM concentration and there was a significant inverse relationship between the two. MTF, SAM, and MBP returned to normal values by the end of treatment, while MET was increased significantly. The effect of treatment was decremental across the ITMTX, HDMTX, and CRTX groups. CONCLUSION Treatment of ALL causes marked abnormalities in the single-carbon transfer pathway and subclinical demyelination. Methotrexate is one cause of this. Whether these abnormalities contribute to the late cognitive deficits requires further study.
Characterization of a New Virus From &lt;italic&gt;Mus cervlcolor&lt;/italic&gt; Immunologically Related to the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. Schlom, P. H. Hand, Y. A. Teramoto, R. Callahan, G. Todaro, G. Schldloysky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

A virus, similar to the murine mammary tumor viruses (MuMTV) of the laboratory mouse Mus musculus, was identified in the milk of M. cervicolor popaeus mice. The virus was morphologically indistinguishable from the type-B MuMTV and was thus termed MC-MTV. Radioimmunoassays for the 52,000-dalton major envelope glycoprotein and the 28,000-dalton major internal protein of MuMTV demonstrated that MC-MTV shared some antigenic determinants with both of these MuMTV proteins. This reactivity was clearly different, however, from that observed with all MuMTV tested from M. musculus. MC-MTV had a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose and a virion-associated DNA polymerase with a divalent cation preference for Mg2+ over Mn2+. Radioimmunoassays clearly differentiated MC-MTV from the other viruses previously identified from M. cervicolor, i.e., M432, CERV-CI, and CERV-CII. These studies thus identified the first virus from another species that is immunologically related to the MuMTV of M. musculus. Particles similar to MC-MTV were also observed in a spontaneous M. cervicolor popaeus mammary tumor.
Approaches toward the Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits
Authors: DAVID G. MARSH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<INNOVATION AND DISCOVERY ...SIMPLE VERSUS COMPLEX SYS...LIVING SYSTEMSGENOMICS STUDIESASTHMA AND ALLERGY STUDIE...KAUFFMAN NETWORKSCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Advanced Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer: Overcoming Resistance
Authors: Ingrid A. Mayer
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Novel strategies to overcome resistance to endocrine therapy are on the horizon, especially PI3K inhibitors, CDK 4/6 inhibitors, and agents targeting methylation. However, many, if not most, patients with progressive estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer will continue to show response to multiples lines of endocrine therapy alone. Which patient subsets will be candidates for the emerging agents is still unclear, but in the future, subtype of the tumor, mutational status, and treatment goals will be part of the equation. Always, it will be necessary to individualize treatment.
Improved control of invasive cervical cancer in Sweden over six decades by earlier clinical detection and better treatment.
Authors: P Sparén, L Gustafsson, L G Friberg, J Pontén, R Bergström, H O Adami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Cancer of the cervix uteri can be controlled by cytologic screening for the detection of precursor lesions, but such intervention remains unrealistic in many countries in which this cancer is common. The possibility of reducing mortality by earlier clinical detection, followed by basic therapy, has never been properly assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compiled records of incident cases of invasive cancer of the cervix diagnosed in a defined area of Sweden from 1930 through 1990. In a cohort of 6,044 women, we analyzed temporal trends in incidence and survival by clinical stage and age at diagnosis. Generalized proportional hazards models were used to study several factors simultaneously and quantify the overall reduction in mortality. RESULTS For each successive stage at diagnosis, the overall risk of dying increased 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 2.7). From 1930, a marked improvement in stage distribution was accompanied by increasing survival rates in stages I and II disease. These changes largely took place before the introduction of screening and external-beam radiation. The 10-year relative survival rate increased from 33% in the 1930s to approximately 55% in the 1950s and thereafter. CONCLUSION Improvements in public and professional awareness of cervical cancer resulted in diagnoses at earlier clinical stages. The rate of cure in early stages improved when basic local treatment was introduced, but only little of the progress was attributable to the introduction of more advanced treatment technologies. These findings offer considerable hope for a substantial reduction in the mortality of cervical cancer without cytologic screening, even in countries with limited resources.
Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system.
Authors: T L Goodfriend, M J Peach
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Evidence is reviewed that three and possibly four peptides formed from renin substrate have biological activity that merits their recognition as agonists. The decepeptide angiotensin I affects sites in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The octapeptide angiotensin II affects vascular and cardiac sites that mediate acute pressor responses, and also causes direct feedback inhibition of renin release. The heptapeptide (des-asp-1)-angiotensin II ("angiotensin III") stimulates aldosterone release.. It may exert its effects intracellularly at the adrenal glomerulosa and other sites. The fourth candidate is the (des-asp-1)-angiotensin I nonapeptide, but nothing is known of its activity or circulating levels. This formulation of the angiotensin reaction sequence and the effects of its individual congeners suggests several experiments. It also permits simple explanations for previously confusing data, such as the inability of immunization and anti-angiotensin II to prevent aldosterone responses, and the paradoxical preservation of adrenal responsiveness in Bartter's syndrome.
Berlin questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale, useful screening instruments for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?
Authors: Annemie Mensink, Steven Uil, Bart Kuipers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is often not recognised by doctors. Tested and validated questionnaires are needed to assist them with the recognition of OSAS symptoms. In this study two questionnaires were validated.   Method:  It concerned a retrospective validation study for the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). 63 patients completed these questionnaires prior to their first outpatient visit to our sleep clinic. All patients underwent a polygraphy to determine their Apnea-Hypopnea Index. Diagnosis was based on the anamnesis and the polygrapy results. Sensitivity, specificity and internal consistency of these questionnaires were assessed.   Results:  According to the BQ, 24 patients (38%) scored a low risk of OSAS and 39 patients (62%) a high risk. ESS-scores averaged 7.9±4.4 (scale 0-24). Sensitivity of the BQ was 67% and specificity 48%. The internal consistency of the BQ ranged from moderate to good (Cronbach9s α 0.61-0.80). Sensitivity and specificity of the ESS were 45% and 81% with a cut-off point of 8, which according to literature is the cut-off point between normal and abnormal sleepiness. A cut-off point of 5 appeared to be a more preferable choice for this population. Sensitivity increased to 71% and specificity decreased to 48%. Internal consistency of the questionnaires was good (Cronbach9s α 0.80).   Conclusion:  Given the low to moderate sensitivity and specificity, the BQ and ESS were of low value as screening tools for patients who were referred to the sleep clinic.
Nitrosamine-lnduced Transplantable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Inbred Syrian Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W F Sindelar, C C Kurman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A pancreatic ductal carcinoma, designated CBP, was established as a transplantable tumor line in the CB/SsLak inbred strain of Syrian golden hamsters. The tumor, a primary one induced by chronic administration of the nitrosamine N-nitro-bis(2-hydroxyproyl) amine, is a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that can be propagated by transplantation in syngeneic hamsters. It grows poorly in other hamster strains. The CBP tumor develops in a predictable quantitative manner and metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. Excision of primary transplanted tumor nodules leads to immunity against subsequent secondary tumor challenges. The CBP tumor appears to be a suitable model for biologic and immunologic studies of pancreatic carcinoma in the syrian hamster.