tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adoption
Authors: V. Rao, R. Moody
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Two week rule for cancer referralsReducing waiting times from diagnosis to treatment might be more effectiveEditor-In their editorial on the two week rule for cancer referrals Jones et al discuss the fact that steps to meet the target for "urgent" referrals have led to a doubling of waiting time for "routine" cases. 1 This is exactly the result we would expect from our calculations modelling waiting times with a Monte Carlo model based on Poisson fluctuations in demand. 2 To sustain a waiting time below two weeks, capacity needs to exceed mean demand by approximately two patients a week for a wide range of values of mean demand.This applies to any appointment, including those for diagnostic and staging procedures, as well as for treatment.Applying this excess capacity to a subgroup of urgent referrals is inherently less efficient than applying it to reduce the waits for all patients.If a fast track for urgent referrals is created by transferring resources from routine cases, this is likely to lead to demand exceeding capacity for routine cases and hence to ever increasing waiting times.These calculations assume that variations are due to random fluctuations in a constant demand, which is an effective model for oncology referrals. 2There is some evidence from dermatology that reductions in waiting times lead to increase in demand, negating the benefit of increased resources. 3t might also apply to referrals for suspected cancer, in which case the extra capacity required will exceed our calculations.This effect should not apply to the number of cases of diagnosed cancer, which will be limited by the incidence of the disease.This suggests that resources may be more effectively targeted at reducing the waiting times from diagnosis to treatment than on reducing the time from referral by a general practitioner to diagnosis.
Management of Drug Misusers in Police Custody
Authors: Margaret M Stark
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Police surgeons are increasingly being asked by the police to assess whether drug misusers held in police custody are fit to be detained and fit for interview. There has been little published on how they manage these questions, furthermore the management appears to vary in different parts of the country. This study sets out to determine the attitudes and practise of police surgeons to the management of drug misusers in police custody. A questionnaire was sent to the full members of the Association of Police Surgeons of Great Britain (APSGB) in March 1993. It was found that police surgeons are very aware of the increasing drug problem, indeed 76% reported that they were seeing an increasing number of drug misusers. However, they exhibit significantly negative attitudes to drug misusers and there is no common practice for prescribing controlled drugs. Fifty-two per cent said that on average they notified no drug misusers each month. Seventy-six per cent of respondents said they had received a hepatitis B immunization. The majority of respondents called for more training on drug problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for specific guidelines for police surgeons on the management of drug misusers in police custody to address the arbitrary nature of the current practice.
Immunophenotype of skin lymphocytic infiltrate in patients co-infected with Mycobacterium leprae and human immunodeficiency virus: a scenario dependent on CD8+ and/or CD20+ cells
Authors: C. Massone, C. Talhari, S. Talhari, A.M.G. Brunasso, T.M. Campbell, P. Curcic, L. Cerroni, R. Ribeiro-Rodrigues
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Leprosy occurs rarely in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. In contrast to tuberculosis, there has been no report to date of an increase in HIV prevalence among patients with leprosy or of differences in leprosy's clinical spectrum. While several studies describe the systemic immune response profile in patients co-infected with HIV and leprosy, the local immune skin response has been evaluated in only a small number of case reports and limited series of patients.To investigate the interaction between Mycobacterium leprae and HIV infection in the skin.We investigated the presence and frequency of cells positive for CD4, CD8, CD20, TIA-1, FOXP3 and CD123 in lymphocytic infiltrates from 16 skin biopsies taken from 15 patients with HIV-leprosy co-infection.CD4+ cells were absent in infiltrates from 6 (38%) skin biopsies and present in 10 (62%) cases at low levels (<1·16%) of the lymphocytic infiltrate. CD8+ was the predominant phenotype in the infiltrate (99·4%), followed by TIA-1, expressed by >75% of CD8+ cells. FOXP3+ cells were also present, representing 3·4% of the lymphocytic infiltrate. CD20+ cells were detected in 75% of the cases; however, in two cases (12%) these cells represented 25-50% of the infiltrate, while in the other 10 cases (62%) they were present only focally (<25% of the infiltrate). CD123+ cells were not observed in any of the studied specimens.Data presented here suggest that cell-mediated immune responses to M. leprae are preserved at the site of disease and that in the absence of CD4+ cells, CD8+FOXP3+ and CD20+ cells may be involved in granuloma formation.
A clarification of numbers.
Authors: T L Kurt
Journal: Circulation (1978)

To the Editor:Recently Udall and Ellestad' reported the incidence and predic- tive implications of ventricular premature contractions associated with treadmill study.A population of 6500 patients stress tested was described with none lost to follow-up.However, if all patients are totalled in table 1 (1067 + 758 + 609 + 569) one arrives at a total of 3003 patients.What happened to the other 3497 patients, since none were lost to follow-up and the normals (negative TSTs and no VPCs) numbered only 1067 in table 1?The true total number of patients sampled is of some importance, because the authors add the patients with VPCs (758 + 569) to obtain 1327, and then divide by 6500 (or should 3003 be used?) to report a 20% prevalence of VPCs before, during, or after exercise in the first sentence of their results.
A simplified CT scoring system in non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Pallavi Mandal, Dilip Patel, Adam Hill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction

The currently used CT scoring system in bronchiectasis is the Bhalla score, which had been designed for scoring CT scans in cystic fibrosis. This however is too detailed for use in clinical practice.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the simplified modified Reiff score to the more detailed Bhalla score in patients with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Methods

93 consecutive HRCTs were assessed. Bhalla score was calculated. The modified Reiff score used (0-18) was based on the number of lobes (max 6 including lingula) and the severity of bronchial dilatation in comparison to the adjacent vessel (0=no bronchiectasis; 1= 1-2 times; 2= 2-3 times; 3= >three times). These scores were jointly carried out by consensus between a chest physician and radiologist blinded to the clinical status of the patient. Both scores were correlated with sputum microbiology (growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA or enteric gram negative organisms) and FEV1 % predicted results.

Result

Median FEV1 % predicted was 75% (57.7-94.3%). 35% were colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA or enteric gram-negative organisms; 43% with other potentially pathogenic microorganisms and 23% with mixed normal flora.

Modified Reiff Score correlated well with the Bhalla score (r2= 0.9, p<0.001)

View this table:

Table 1.





Conclusion

Simplified modified Reiff score correlate well with the more complicated Bhalla score and will be easier for clinicians to use in clinical practice.
Cisplatin versus cisplatin plus etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Working Party, Belgium.
Authors: J Klastersky, J P Sculier, G Bureau, P Libert, P Ravez, G Vandermoten, J Thiriaux, J Lecomte, R Cordier, G Dabouis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

We conducted a randomized study comparing the survival after treatment with cisplatin (120 mg/m2) or cisplatin plus etoposide (100 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3) in 162 evaluable patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No statistically significant difference in survival was detected; the median survival was 26 and 22 weeks, respectively, for patients receiving cisplatin and for those receiving cisplatin plus etoposide. The objective response rate was 19% for cisplatin and 26% for the combination; the corresponding response rates were 17% and 43% in patients with limited disease. No significant differences were detected between the two study arms as far as toxicity was concerned, except for alopecia and granulocytopenia, which occurred more frequently in patients treated with cisplatin plus etoposide.
Psychiatric disorders in adult children of alcoholics: data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area project
Authors: R J Mathew, W H Wilson, D G Blazer, L K George
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors examined differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in individuals who did or did not have alcoholic parents.They used data from the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project, specifically from the Piedmont of North Carolina. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was estimated in 408 ECA participants who reported problem drinking in their mother, their father, or both and in 1,477 age- and sex-matched subjects who did not report having alcoholic parents.The adult children of alcoholics showed significantly higher current (6-month) prevalence rates of simple phobia and agoraphobia and lifetime rates of dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, simple phobia, and agoraphobia. Adult children of alcoholics also had significantly more antisocial symptoms. Male children of alcoholics had higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and reported more antisocial symptoms than did female children of alcoholics. Male children of alcoholics had a significantly higher rate of lifetime diagnoses of alcohol and drug abuse than men who were not children of alcoholics. More female children of alcoholics had generalized anxiety disorder than women who were not children of alcoholics. Both male and female children of alcoholics had significantly more antisocial symptoms than their matched comparison subjects. Sons of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of substance abuse and more antisocial symptoms than did daughters of alcoholic fathers. Daughters of alcoholic fathers had a higher rate of generalized anxiety disorder.These data on adult children of alcoholics in a large community sample add to a literature based mainly on descriptive material or studies of smaller samples.
Reappraisal of the role of axillary lymph node dissection in the conservative treatment of breast cancer.
Authors: B G Haffty, B Ward, P Pathare, R Salem, C McKhann, M Beinfield, D Fischer, M Reiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was (1) to review systemic therapy practice patterns to assess how information regarding nodal status currently influences systemic therapy decisions, and (2) to review long-term outcome of patients who do not undergo axillary dissection compared with patients who do. METHODS AND MATERIALS For the current practice patterns portion of the study, the records of 292 patients who presented in the past 3 years with invasive breast cancer and underwent conservative surgery were reviewed to determine systemic therapy administered with respect to patient age, primary tumor size, clinical nodal status, and presenting symptoms. For the long-term outcome portion of the study, the records of 955 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent conservative surgery and radiation therapy before December 1989 were reviewed. Patient characteristics and outcome of those patients who underwent axillary dissection (n = 565, 59%) were compared with a cohort of patients treated during the same era who did not undergo axillary dissection (n = 390, 41%). RESULTS For the current practice-patterns cohort, information regarding nodal status appeared to influence adjuvant systemic therapy for those patients less than 50 years of age and for those patients with palpable masses who were older than 50. Patients older than 50 with nonpalpable mammographically detected tumors have a low probability of nodal involvement and information regarding nodal status rarely changed therapy in this group of patients. In the long-term outcome study, there were no significant differences in the rates of distant metastasis, disease-free survival, or overall survival between those patients who underwent lymph node dissection and those who did not. CONCLUSION For selected patients, axillary lymph node dissection appears to have little influence on subsequent management and long-term outcome. These data suggest that it is time to reassess the role of axillary lymph node dissection in patients who undergo conservative surgery and radiation therapy.
Phase I Trial of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Docetaxel in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Joseph A. Sparano, Umekalsoom Malik, Lakshmi Rajdev, Catherine Sarta, Una Hopkins, Antonio C. Wolff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To develop a combination of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA) and docetaxel (Taxotere; Aventis Pharmaceutical, Parsipanny, NJ) that can be safely used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with locally advanced (n = 10) or metastatic (n = 31) breast cancer received Doxil (30-, 40-, or 45-mg/m 2 intravenous [IV] infusion over 30 to 60 minutes), followed 1 hour later by docetaxel (60 or 75 mg/m 2 by IV infusion over 1 hour) in cohorts of three to six patients. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as febrile neutropenia, prolonged neutropenia, or grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicity that occurred during cycle 1. RESULTS: In conjunction with docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 every 4 weeks, the MTD of Doxil was 30 mg/m 2 and required granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to prevent febrile neutropenia. Without G-CSF, the MTD was docetaxel 60 mg/m 2 and Doxil 30 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks; only 1 (7%) out of 15 patients treated at this dose level had cycle 1 DLT. Infusion reactions were common with Doxil with the recommended infusion schedule during the first cycle (55%) but were reduced with a modified schedule (7%). There was no clinically significant cardiac toxicity. Objective response occurred in eight of nine assessable patients with stage III disease and in 16 (52%) of 31 patients (95% confidence interval, 34% to 70%) with stage IV disease. CONCLUSION: The recommended dose and schedule of this combination for further evaluation is Doxil 30 mg/m 2 and docetaxel 60 mg/m 2 given every 3 weeks without G-CSF. When used with G-CSF, it is Doxil 30 mg/m 2 and docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 every 4 weeks.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Characterization of New Translocations Involving TEL (ETV6) in a Wide Spectrum of Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Iwona Wlodarska, Roberta La Starza, Mathijs Baens, Judith Dierlamm, Ann Uyttebroeck, Dominik Selleslag, Adrien Francine, Cristina Mecucci, Anne Hagemeijer, Herman Van den Berghe, Peter Marynen
Journal: Blood (1998)
Tobacco information's in preoperative patients factsheets: A French survey
Authors: Marie-Dominique Dautzenberg, Malika Bougdal, Joseph Osman, Bertrand Dautzenberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Four years ago a French experts conference on perioperative smoking had showed that smokers have3 times more scars and general complications. Tobacco cessation 6-8 weeks before surgery until the end of the healing removed excess risk. We investigate how this information was delivered to patients through surgery procedure factsheet

Methods: In response on a request “information patient surgery” on Google Francethe first 100 patient factsheets were recorded and analyzed. Theses leaflets come from 32 transmitters, 2 issuers information sheets over 6, 4 are between 7 and 10 factsheets, 20 of the 32 issuers only one factsheets. Factsheets concern 13 subspecialties. Only plastic surgery and orthopedics and have more than 10 factsheets.

Results: In 76% of cases the word “information patient surgery” is not present. Only three specialties at least say a word smoking in half of factsheets, it is in the order of highest occurrence: vascular surgery and maxillofacial surgery plastic. Only 2% of factsheets address all aspects of tobacco. Theses 2 factsheets are about plastic surgery. The way to quit is the least approached parameter (18%).

Conclusions: A dramatic gap of information on tobacco in patient factsheets exists. Actions had to be proposed to correct the lake of information on tobacco before elective surgery.

We propose to all editors of factsheets to had this sentence: “information patient surgery”
A One Cell-Cycle Delay for Tumor Cytostasis In Vitro: Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP or Embryonic Extracts on Synchronized Cultures of a Murine Tumor
Authors: C. A. Lingwood, D. B. Thomas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article A One Cell-Cycle Delay for Tumor Cytostasis In Vitro: Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP or Embryonic Extracts on Synchronized Cultures of a Murine Tumor Get access C. A. Lingwood, C. A. Lingwood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. B. Thomas D. B. Thomas National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 5, May 1974, Pages 1659–1664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.5.1659 Published: 01 May 1974 Article history Received: 04 February 1974 Accepted: 15 February 1974 Published: 01 May 1974
Sortilin, SorCS1b, and SorLA Vps10p sorting receptors, are novel γ-secretase substrates
Authors: Andrew C Nyborg, Thomas B Ladd, Craig W Zwizinski, James J Lah, Todd E Golde
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2006)

Abstract Background The mammalian Vps10p sorting receptor family is a group of 5 type I membrane homologs (Sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3). These receptors bind various cargo proteins via their luminal Vps10p domains and have been shown to mediate a variety of intracellular sorting and trafficking functions. These proteins are highly expressed in the brain. SorLA has been shown to be down regulated in Alzheimer's disease brains, interact with ApoE, and modulate Aβ production. Sortilin has been shown to be part of proNGF mediated death signaling that results from a complex of Sortilin, p75 NTR and proNGF. We have investigated and provide evidence for γ-secretase cleavage of this family of proteins. Results We provide evidence that these receptors are substrates for presenilin dependent γ-secretase cleavage. γ-Secretase cleavage of these sorting receptors is inhibited by γ-secretase inhibitors and does not occur in PS1/PS2 knockout cells. Like most γ-secretase substrates, we find that ectodomain shedding precedes γ-secretase cleavage. The ectodomain cleavage is inhibited by a metalloprotease inhibitor and activated by PMA suggesting that it is mediated by an α-secretase like cleavage. Conclusion These data indicate that the α- and γ-secretase cleavages of the mammalian Vps10p sorting receptors occur in a fashion analogous to other known γ-secretase substrates, and could possibly regulate the biological functions of these proteins.
Urine cortisol excretion in children treated with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids: a comparison of budesonide and beclomethasone
Authors: S Pedersen, G Fuglsang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Thirty one children with asthma were treated with inhaled beclomethasone and budesonide in a randomized cross-over study of 2 x 6 weeks' duration. The excretion of free cortisol in two 24 hour urine samples, collected at the end of each treatment period, was significantly higher (mean = 76.3 nmol per day) during budesonide treatment than during beclomethasone treatment (mean = 53.7 nmol per day) (p less than 0.01). The difference between the two drugs was more pronounced in the eight children who received 1,000 and 1,200 micrograms per day than in the 22 children who received 800 micrograms per day. Four children had cortisol excretion below the normal range when treated with beclomethasone. This was seen in one child during budesonide treatment. The age of the child did not influence the result. The long term clinical significance of these findings has yet to be elucidated.
Cross-Resistance of Cultured Murine Leukemia Vincristine-Resistant P388 Cells to Vinblastine, Vindesine, and Bis(&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-ethylidene vindesine) Disulfide, Disulfate&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L J Wilkoff, E A Dulmadge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Cultured P388 leukemia cells derived from vincristine (VCR)-resistant cell populations developed in vivo in (C57BL × DBA/2)F1 mice (P388/VCR) were cross-resistant to vinblastine (VLB), vindesine (VDS), and bis(N-ethylidene vindesine)disulfide, disulfate (bis-VDS). Cross-resistance was a function of concentration and time of exposure. Cultured P388/VCR cells were more sensitive to 6.1 × 10-5M bis-VDS than to 6.1 × 10-5M VDS or to 6.1 × 10-5M VLB. Cultured P388 cells derived from VCR-sensitive P388 leukemia passaged in vivo (P388/0) were significantly more sensitive to VDS and bis-VDS than to VLB. This degree of difference in sensitivity was also a function of concentration and time of exposure.
Molecular evolution of P transposable elements in the genus Drosophila. I. The saltans and willistoni species groups.
Authors: J B Clark, T K Altheide, M J Schlosser, M G Kidwell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

A phylogenetic survey using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has identified four major P element subfamilies in the saltans and willistoni species groups of Drosophila. One subfamily, containing about half of the sequences studied, consists of elements that are very similar to the canonical (and active) P element from D. melanogaster. Within this subfamily, nucleotide sequence differentiation among different copies from the same species and among elements from different species is relatively low. This observation suggests that the canonical elements are relatively recent additions to the genome or, less likely, are evolving slowly relative to the other subfamilies. Elements belonging to the three noncanonical lineages are distinct from the canonical elements and from one another. Furthermore, there is considerably more sequence variation, on the average, within the noncanonical subfamilies compared to the canonical elements. Horizontal transfer and the coexistence of multiple, independently evolving element subfamilies in the same genome may explain the distribution of P elements in the saltans and willistoni species groups. Such explanations are not mutually exclusive, and each may be involved to varying degrees in the maintenance of P elements in natural populations of Drosophila.
Changes in pneumococcal serotypes and antibiotypes carried by vaccinated and unvaccinated day-care centre attendees in Portugal, a country with widespread use of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Authors: R. Sá-Leão, S. Nunes, A. Brito-Avô, N. Frazão, A.S. Simões, M.I. Crisóstomo, A.C.S. Paulo, J. Saldanha, I. Santos-Sanches, H. de Lencastre
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)