tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Student Nurse: Her Life in Pictures
Authors: Henry J. L. Marriott
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Engeman is surely the only male alive who has succeeded in living for 6 months in the sheltered sanctuary of a nurses' residence. From this enviable experience he has emerged unscathed and brought with him into the outside world a book that should earn the plaudits of the whole medical profession in their dire need for nurse recruits. Taking his gentle teenage reader by the hand, he leads her off on a guided tour through a gallery of delightful and informative pictures. He has captured every phase of the young nurse's development from the day she crosses the threshold of her new life to the day of that ultimate goal 3 years later, graduation. With superb photographs that combine the artist's skill with a real understanding of his subject, he has caught her in all phases of her work—in the classroom, in the laboratory, at the bedside, in the operating
Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Standard Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for the Treatment of Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Gunnar Tepe, John Laird, Peter Schneider, Marianne Brodmann, Prakash Krishnan, Antonio Micari, Christopher Metzger, Dierk Scheinert, Thomas Zeller, David J. Cohen, David B. Snead, Beaux Alexander, Mario Landini, Michael R. Jaff
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have shown promise in improving the outcomes for patients with peripheral artery disease. We compared a paclitaxel-coated balloon with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of symptomatic superficial femoral and popliteal artery disease. Methods and Results— The IN.PACT SFA Trial is a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, randomized trial in which 331 patients with intermittent claudication or ischemic rest pain attributable to superficial femoral and popliteal peripheral artery disease were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with DCB or PTA. The primary efficacy end point was primary patency, defined as freedom from restenosis or clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 12 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Mean lesion length and the percentage of total occlusions for the DCB and PTA arms were 8.94±4.89 and 8.81±5.12 cm ( P =0.82) and 25.8% and 19.5% ( P =0.22), respectively. DCB resulted in higher primary patency versus PTA (82.2% versus 52.4%; P &lt;0.001). The rate of clinically driven target lesion revascularization was 2.4% in the DCB arm in comparison with 20.6% in the PTA arm ( P &lt;0.001). There was a low rate of vessel thrombosis in both arms (1.4% after DCB and 3.7% after PTA [ P =0.10]). There were no device- or procedure-related deaths and no major amputations. Conclusions— In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, DCB was superior to PTA and had a favorable safety profile for the treatment of patients with symptomatic femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique Identifiers: NCT01175850 and NCT01566461.
CONVERSION OF PLASMA PROTEIN TO TISSUE PROTEIN WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF PROTEIN BREAKDOWN
Authors: C. L. Yuile, B. G. Lamson, L. L. Miller, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Labeled plasma proteins obtained from donor dogs, previously fed epsilon-C(14)-dl-lysine, have been given intravenously to recipient dogs. The disappearance of labeled globulin from the plasma at a rate considerably faster than albumin has been confirmed. Evidence suggesting that the mass of protein in solution in the extravascular, extracellular fluid is approximately equal to the plasma proteins in circulation has been derived from a study of the dilution of labeled plasma protein by repeated injections of non-labeled plasma protein. In a period of 7 days the transfer of C(14) from plasma to tissue proteins amounted to between 30 and 40 per cent of the activity in the labeled plasma protein injected intravenously. The conversion was accompanied by a very small loss of activity in the urine and expired air and the activity remained in the lysine residue of the liver and probably of other tissues. The data presented favor the view that plasma proteins are utilized in the body economy after partial catabolism within the cell area and provide no evidence of complete breakdown to the amino acid level.
Chronic Pyelonephritis as a Cause of Renal Failure in Dialysis Candidates
Authors: Henry Schechter
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Chronic pyelonephritis was found to be the primary cause of end-stage renal failure in 22 (13%) of 173 dialysis candidates and was almost always associated with an underlying structural defect. Unequivocal nonobstructive chronic pyelonephritis was not found. Documented infection of the urinary tract was infrequent among 49 (28%) patients in whom a definite diagnosis could not be established. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the most frequent cause of end-stage renal failure in the series. This study has implications in regard to bacteriological screening programs.
SP0007 Chronic Gout, Chronic Treatment
Authors: M. Pillinger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Gout is a chronic metabolic and inflammatory disease whose <i>sine qua non</i> is hyperuricemia. The acute attacks seen in gout are merely the “tip of the iceberg” and represent the effector response to a set of conditions that lead to monosodium urate precipitation and deposition. Moreover, the chronic state of gout is accompanied by co-morbidities that are not resolved when the inflammatory attacks are treated. In consequence, gout must be thought of as a chronic rather than an intermittent condition, and gout treatment should be considered a long-term, and possibly lifelong endeavor. In this brief talk we will consider the chronic nature of gout, as well as current recommendations for chronic gout treatment (diet, lifestyle, and anti-inflammatory and urate-lowering pharmacotherapy), and for assessment of treatment outcomes, including the potential use of imaging. We will also discuss the possibility that good gout treatment initially results in easier gout treatment later on (“debulking”, or Perez-Ruiz’s “dirty dish” hypothesis), and the question of whether “tight control” of gout may have benefit not only for gout, but for gout’s co-morbidities as well. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> M. Pillinger Grant/research support from: Savient Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
Notch-Hes1 pathway is required for the development of IL-17–producing γδ T cells
Authors: Kensuke Shibata, Hisakata Yamada, Tetsuya Sato, Takashi Dejima, Masataka Nakamura, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Hiromitsu Hara, Sho Yamasaki, Ryoichiro Kageyama, Yoichiro Iwakura, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Hiroyuki Toh, Yasunobu Yoshikai
Journal: Blood (2011)
Are there too many referral forms?
Authors: Margaret McCartney, Philip Ewart, Christine Scott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

One of us, MM, was harassed at the end of a surgery, trying to find a referral form in order to obtain same-day home care for a patient. She filled in the form by hand (with great effort, having long ago realised that the typed word was faster and more readily understood) and faxed it off. There followed protracted and (in her view) tedious discussions with the staff who had received the form and who were unwilling to accept the referral because it was written on “the wrong form.” The correct, up to date form was eventually faxed to the …
SYNTHETIC CHELATING AGENTS IN IRON METABOLISM*
Authors: Frans Cleton, Adam Turnbull, Clement A. Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Iron in man is held within the cells incorporated in organic complex molecules, either as functional iron, i.e., hemoglobin and tissue enzymes, or as storage iron, i.e., ferritin and hemosiderin.Owing to the requirements of the erythroid marrow in particular, large amounts of iron must constantly pass from one cell to another through the plasma.This plasma transport is brought about by a #3globulin transferrin, which handles iron in a highly selective fashion, removing it from donor tissues such as the reticuloendothelial cells and releasing it to those tissues which have a need for iron.It is likely that this direction of motion is accomplished by the relative affinity of individual cellular receptors for iron as compared to that of transferrin.Thus weaker receptors yield iron to transferrin and stronger receptors assimilate it.Recently, powerful chelating agents have been developed which may participate in tissue iron exchange (1-10).Such chelates have been shown to compete in vitro with transferrin for iron (5, 6).They have also been shown to mobilize iron from body tissues when injected parenterally (3,4).It is the aim of the present study to investi- gate the effects of this competitive binding of chelates in reactions of iron transport.The ob- servations made further define the mode of action of these compounds on intermediate iron metabo- lism and indicate their usefulness in the treatment of acute or chronic iron overload. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe three chelating agents employed were ethylenediaminedi-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA), di-
Tannic acid mimicking dendrimers as small intestine submucosa stabilizing nanomordants
Authors: Vladimir Kasyanov, Jason Isenburg, Robert A. Draughn, Starr Hazard, Jason Hodde, Iveta Ozolanta, Modra Murovska, S. Bart Halkes, Ioannis Vrasidas, Rob M.J. Liskamp, Roland J. Pieters, Dan Simionescu, Roger R. Markwald, Vladimir Mironov
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
The practice of cardiothoracic surgeons in the perioperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: P Goldstraw
Journal: Thorax (1992)

<h3>Background</h3> The administration of epidural anesthesia during labor is a common technique used to reduce the pain of childbirth. We sought to compare standard infusion strategies of continuous epidural infusions (CEI) with programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) to assess the length of spread in terms of vertebral body length. Based on previous clinical data in humans, the PIEB was associated with improved pain control and decreased total dose of local anesthetic. We hypothesized that the PIEB was associated with increased spread when compared with CEI. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty female Yorkshire-cross swine cadavers were used to compare three infusion strategies, continuous infusion (CEI) 10 mL/hour programmed continuously, multiple bolus (MB) 2 mL given every 12 min for 10 mL total and 10 mL delivered in a single bolus (SB). Radiographs were used to identify the spread of the radiopaque contrast dye, and a number of vertebral bodies covered were measured to assess spread. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, the CEI had an average spread of 5.6 levels, MB 7.9 and SB 10.4. The differences between SB and MB (p=0.011), SB and CEI (p&lt;0.001) and MB and CEI (p=0.028) were all found to be significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrated increased spread of epidural contrast with programmed intermittent bolus strategies. This supports previous evidence of improved patient outcomes with PIEB strategy compared with CEI, and encourages the use of PIEB in the appropriate patient population.
MEDICOLEGAL EXPERIENCES UNDER THE OHIO CORONER'S SYSTEM
Authors: Kurt E. Landé
Journal: JAMA (1953)

On Oct. 12, 1945, recodification of the laws concerning the duties of the county coroner in Ohio was made effective. This final step in a long-drawn-out legislative process aimed at modernization did away with many antiquated and outdated laws and replaced them with rules reflecting more advanced concepts of investigation of the cause of death under doubtful circumstances. While still retaining the traditional office and name of coroner, the revised Ohio code allows the development of a coroner's system that resembles the medical examiner's system enacted in the last few years in Maryland, Virginia, and Georgia. These were modeled after the medical examiner's offices that have functioned successfully in Massachusetts, New York City, and Essex County, N. J., for a long time.  In Ohio, the coroner must be a physician. He receives an annual salary based on the population figure of the county in which he serves, and he is
SOME EFFECTS OF MYANESIN® IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: LOUIS S. SCHLAN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The drug 3-ortho-toloxy-1,2-propanediol (myanesin,® tolserol®)<sup>1</sup>was introduced by Berger and Bradley<sup>2</sup>as a muscle-relaxing agent; it apparently raises the threshold of internuncial neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem.<sup>3</sup>Myanesin® does not affect voluntary muscle power, is not hypnotic and has negligible effects on the electroencephalogram in doses of 0.5 to 2.0 Gm. given by mouth four to five times a day. It has been used to alleviate spasticity and rigidity with variable results.<sup>4</sup>It has also been tried in cases of intractable pain<sup>5</sup>and in 3 psychotic patients.<sup>5b</sup> Its use in the treatment of anxiety was suggested to us by Dr. Pauline Cooke of Chicago. Sixty-three patients (from Manteno State Hospital) were chosen to test its effects not only in anxiety states but also in acute and chronic psychoses (mixed types of schizophrenia), in alcoholism, in addiction to drugs and as an
More accurate diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome by the use of 'non-colonic' symptomatology.
Authors: D G Maxton, J Morris, P J Whorwell
Journal: Gut (1991)

The criteria now used in an attempt to distinguish irritable bowel syndrome from organic gastrointestinal disease rely almost entirely on symptoms of colonic origin. 9Non-colonic9 symptoms, however, arising either from elsewhere in the gut or of a more general nature, are common in irritable bowel syndrome and may have even better diagnostic potential. The prevalence of these non-colonic features was assessed in 107 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome and 295 subjects with other gut disorders. Gastrointestinal type non-colonic symptoms are useful in differentiating irritable bowel syndrome from inflammatory bowel disease but, with the exception of early satiety, are not helpful when there is gastro-oesophageal or biliary disease. More general 9non-colonic9 features, such as lethargy and backache, are much commoner in irritable bowel syndrome than in all the organic gastrointestinal diseases studied and have good discriminant function. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified certain features that had a particularly significant independent risk for irritable bowel syndrome. Those were lethargy (relative risk 6.7), incomplete evacuation (RR 5.2), age under 40 (RR 2.1), backache (RR 2.0), early satiety (RR 1.8), and frequency of micturition (RR 1.8). These relative risks can be multiplied together to give an overall risk when more than one of these features is present in a patient. Until a diagnostic test is available more confident diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome can be achieved by identifying symptoms that have good discriminant function. The results of this study indicate that the non-colonic features of irritable bowel syndrome may be especially valuable in this respect.
Death of the teaching autopsy: In Hong Kong teaching autopsies have been championed in public mortuaries
Authors: P. S L Beh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Death of the teaching autopsy Autopsy findings are important to all clinicians, including general practitionersEditor-O'Grady identifies several reasons why autopsy rates have been falling worldwide, in particular why students in New Zealand are now banned from attending autopsies, with resultant loss of undergraduate teaching opportunities. 1 However, attending and watching an autopsy are not the only educationally relevant facets of autopsies: their findings are important to all clinicians, including general practitioners.Whitty et al found that autopsy findings (excluding coroners' reports) were poorly communicated to general practitioners in four districts in the north east Thames region.They received reports from only 39 of the 89 (47%) autopsies performed on their patients. 2n our study of 578 deaths in a general practice (97.8% of all practice deaths) over 15 years the value of a death register in contributing to clinical governance was severely curtailed by lack of cause of death information. 3Overall, 143 (24.7%) deaths were reported to the coroner, a percentage comparable with the average for all deaths in the United Kingdom.However, in only four (2.8%) of these deaths was the practice routinely sent a coroner's report on the results of the autopsy.After contacting relevant coroners specifically to request cause of death and autopsy information, no report was provided on 65 (61.3%)occasions (table), an experience similar to that reported from Manchester. 4 Given the pivotal position of general practice in the NHS, these findings point to significant disconnection of autopsy services from clinical services.O'Grady laments the development of a vicious circle, whereby lack of student contact with autopsies means clinicians will no longer be advocates of autopsies. 1As Underwood says in his commentary, 90% of all autopsies in the United Kingdom are now performed by coroners, so it is not surprising that clinicians should feel unable to advocate autopsies.Failure to feed back autopsy findings to general practitioners is a lost educational opportunity on an enormous scale that could fairly easily be corrected.
TREATMENT OF PREMATURITY
Authors: ROOD TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is my purpose to present in this paper the method and the results of the treatment of premature infants in the University of Minnesota Hospital. The material studied includes sixty prematurely born infants, all being born at, or otherwise admitted to, the clinic from September, 1914, when the department of pediatrics assumed charge of the new-born infants' clinic, until the close of 1917. It is noteworthy that Litzenberg's<sup>1</sup>report of the efficacy of the four-hour feeding interval for premature infants, the first report in American literature, came from the obstetric service of the same hospital. As Litzenberg states, he was led to adopt the long interval by observing its success in a premature baby that vomited whenever a shorter interval was tried. No less an authority than Czerny had previously recommended that the premature baby be given no more than six feedings in the twenty-four hours. Since Litzenberg's
Open letter to the leader of academic medicine
Authors: John P A Ioannidis, Tahmeed Ahmed, Shally Awasthi, A Mark Clarfield, Jocalyn Clark, Lalit Dandona, Amanda Howe, Juan M Lozano, Youping Li, Hardi Madani, Ana Marusic, Idris Mohammed, Gretchen P Purcell, Margaret Rhoads, Karen Sliwa-Hähnle, Sharon E Straus, Tessa Tan-Torres Edejer, Peter Tugwell, Robyn Ward, Michael S Wilkes, Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2007)

As their campaign comes to a close, ICRAM presents a challenge to academic medicine9s invisible leaders
Grants Spur Genetic Counseling Research
Authors: Corinna Nelson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Grants Spur Genetic Counseling Research Get access Corinna Nelson Corinna Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 21, 2 November 1994, Page 1575, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.21.1575 Published: 02 November 1994
The Audit Society: Rituals of Verification
Authors: L. Quam
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Michael Power

Oxford University Press, £19.99, pp 183

ISBN 0 19 8289472

This book is valuable precisely because of the obscurity of its subject. Very little has been written about the purpose, context, or process of auditing. This book, therefore, fills a gap. The obscurity of the topic also makes the book somewhat heavy going. It is a meaty, dense read. At times, the book tries to cover too much and requires the reader to work hard to keep engaged.

Michael Power turns a critical eye towards his former audit profession. He is rightly critical of the current high status given to the act of observing rather than the act of doing. Doctors and NHS managers will enjoy this perspective as they try to cope with difficult …
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION IN LEUKOCYTE LYSOSOMES
Authors: A. Janoff, J. Scherer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The present study demonstrates that a granule fraction derived from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes possesses elastinolytic activity, and that the latter can be separated from the collagenase present in these cells. Properties of the human leukocyte elastase differ sufficiently from those of pancreatic elastases of different species as to suggest that the former enzyme is a distinct and separate entity. Thus, soybean trypsin inhibitor and salivary kallikrein inhibitor (Trasylol) fail to inhibit elastolysis by the pancreatic enzyme, but do inhibit the leukocyte elastinolytic agent. Elastolysis by human leukocyte granule extract does not show significant salt inhibition, whereas that catalyzed by pancreatic elastase is markedly reduced when ionic strength is increased to physiological levels. The leukocyte granule extract is at least 10 times more resistant to serum elastase inhibitor than is the purified pancreatic enzyme. Both enzymes show optimal elastolysis above pH 8.5, but the leukocyte factor still retains 50% of its maximal elastolytic activity at pH 6-7; whereas the activity of the pancreatic enzyme falls to 10% or less of its maximal value under the same conditions. The foregoing characteristics of the human leukocyte elastase suggest that it, rather than pancreatic (serum) elastase, may mediate pathological elastolysis during acute arteritis in man. In keeping with this suggestion, the present experiments also show that elastica staining of human arterial vessels is reduced by incubation of tissues with human leukocyte granule extracts in vitro.
Resistance to Erythromycin in Group A Streptococci
Authors: Helena Seppälä, Antti Nissinen, Helinä Järvinen, Saara Huovinen, Taisto Henriksson, Elja Herva, Stig E. Holm, Matti Jahkola, Marja-Leena Katila, Timo Klaukka, Sirkka Kontiainen, Oili Liimatainen, Sinikka Oinonen, Leena Passi-Metsomaa, Pentti Huovinen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The use of erythromycin in Finland nearly tripled from 1979 to 1989. In 1988, we observed an unusually high frequency of resistance to erythromycin in group A streptococci in one geographic region. Because routine testing does not detect the sensitivity of these organisms to antibiotics, we initiated a national study to evaluate the extent of this resistance.