tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US may reverse reforms that promoted access to drugs, leaked documents show
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Twenty two US labour, consumer, religious, environmental, and human rights organisations have charged the Obama administration with reversing modest free trade reforms passed by the Bush administration that enhanced access to drugs.

The organisations sent a letter to the US trade representative, Ron Kirk, last week, citing leaked documents from the US proposals for the Trans-Pacific Free Trade Agreement and calling on the US government to publicly release the full draft negotiating texts. The leaked documents have been posted online by the Citizen’s Trade Campaign, a non-profit fair trade coalition that is based in Washington, DC (www.citizenstrade.org/ctc/blog/2011/10/22/leaked-trans-pacific-fta-texts-reveal-u-s-undermining-access-to-medicine).

Public Citizen, a non-profit watchdog organisation also based in …
Tissue Engineering in the Genitourinary System
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4675: Lack of evidence for XMRV infection in German prostate cancer patients
Authors: Hans Krause, Oliver Hohn, Kurt Miller, Reinhard Kurth, Norbert Bannert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A novel gammaretrovirus named xenotropic MuLV-related retrovirus (XMRV) has been recently identified with 40 % prevalence in prostate tumor samples from US American patients carrying a homozygous R462Q mutation in the RNASEL gene. This mutation impairs the function of the innate antiviral type I interferon pathway and is a known susceptibility factor for prostate cancer. In subsequent studies, analyzing small European cohorts of prostate cancer patients a less significant prevalence and correlation of the QQ-phenotype with XMRV has been found or even a complete absence of viral traces was reported. A second independent report from the US found XMRV DNA in 6% and XMRV protein expression in 23% of prostate cancers. Contrary to the initial report the XMRV infection was not associated with this common variant of RNASEL and predominantly observed in malignant epithelial cells. We aimed to determine the prevalence of XMRV in prostate cancer patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy at the Charité hospital in Berlin, Germany between 2000 and 2006. To validate the association of the XMRV infection with the R462Q polymorphism, we first genotyped our 589 prostate tumour samples for the G-to-A transition at nt1385 of the RNASEL gene. Using nested PCR and RT-PCR approaches, DNA and RNA samples of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with varying degrees of malignancy were screened for the presence of XMRV specific gag sequences. Furthermore 146 sera samples from PCa patients were tested for XMRV Gag and Env antibodies with a newly developed ELISA assay. Genotyping our patients revealed the presence of the minor allele (QQ genotype) in 76 samples (12.9 %). Although using highly sensitive PCR-based detection methods we could not detect XMRV specific sequences either at the DNA or RNA level. Consistent with this result, all analysed sera from prostate cancer patients did not contain XMRV specific antibodies. Our results indicate a complete absence or at least a much lower prevalence of XMRV in prostate tumour patients in Germany. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4675.
My life as a guinea pig
Authors: Kate Mandeville
Journal: BMJ (2006)

L ast week six young men taking part in a phase I trial in London became severely ill after being given a new drug. At least one of the volunteers who ended up in the intensive care unit at Northwick Park Hospital was using the money to pay off debts, press reports said. People in need of extra cash see medical trials as easy money. Medical students, with six years in which to build up debt, find the prospect of a large lump sum alluring. We are also considered excellent trial participants: we are young and healthy, in one place for a long time, and are not scared of hospital environments. Studies are usually advertised on hospital notice boards. They are also advertised in newspapers, with lines such as “make money in comfortable surroundings.” After all, this is not work: you just have a few injections. Word spreads quickly among friends. People tip each other off with comments such as, “You're a right handed male. Go for this one. It's great money.”

> For about …
Mechanism of the Myocardial Effects of Bretylium
Authors: J. P. GILMORE, J. H. SIEGEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The increased myocardial contractility resulting from the injection of bretylium has been shown to be accompanied by a myocardial release of catecholamines. Cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation following bretylium is associated with neither an increased contractility nor a release of myocardial catecholamines. The failure to release catecholamines under these conditions does not result from depletion, but rather from a block of the nerve release mechanism.
Modulation of Functionally Active Endothelin-Converting Enzyme by Chronic Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibition in Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: J. Aaron Grantham, John A. Schirger, Paul W. Wennberg, Sharon Sandberg, Denise M. Heublein, Thomas Subkowski, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) processes big endothelin-1 (ET-1) to ET-1, a peptide implicated in atheroma formation. ECE-1 exists in 2 isoforms (ECE-1α and ECE-1β), the result of alternative splicing of a common gene. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a genetically distinct metallopeptidase that degrades the natriuretic peptides. These peptides mediate antiproliferative and vasodilating actions. We sought to demonstrate the distribution of the 2 ECE-1 isoforms in experimental atherosclerosis, to determine the effects of chronic NEP-I on plasma cGMP concentrations, vascular wall ECE-1 activity, and ET-1 concentration, and to correlate these actions with atheroma formation. Our hypothesis was that chronic NEP-I, in association with augmented cGMP, would inhibit ECE-1 conversion of big ET-1 to active ET-1, thus reducing tissue ET-1 concentrations and associated atheroma formation. Methods and Results —Cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits (n=8, 1% cholesterol diet) and NEP-I–treated cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits (n=8; candoxatril, 30 mg/kg per day, Pfizer) were euthanized after 8 weeks of feeding. ECE-1α and ECE-1β immunoreactivity was present in the aortas of both groups. Compared with control values, plasma cGMP concentrations were increased (2.8±0.6 versus 8.4±1.2 pmol/mL, P &lt;0.05), ECE-1 activity was attenuated (68±3% versus 32±8%, P &lt;0.05), aortic tissue ET-1 concentrations were reduced (4.6±0.5 versus 3.2±0.3 pg/mg protein, P &lt;0.05), and atheroma formation was attenuated (62±6% versus 34±5%, P &lt;0.01) by NEP-I. Conclusions —These studies suggest that ECE-1 is present and functionally active in the vascular wall in atherosclerosis. Inhibition of ECE-1 by NEP-I represents a novel approach to interruption of the endothelin system in this cardiovascular disease state.
Rates of Kidney Transplantation in Nations With Presumed Consent
Authors: Yorick J. de Groot, Hester F. Lingsma, Erwin J.O. Kompanje
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters7 June 2011Rates of Kidney Transplantation in Nations With Presumed ConsentYorick J. de Groot, MD, Hester F. Lingsma, PhD, and Erwin J.O. Kompanje, PhDYorick J. de Groot, MDFrom Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this author, Hester F. Lingsma, PhDFrom Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this author, and Erwin J.O. Kompanje, PhDFrom Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with great interest Horvat and colleagues' article (1) on the rates of kidney transplantation in nations with presumed consent. Although we applaud the initiative to investigate this much-debated and delicate topic, we have some concerns about the methodology of the study, the practical implementation of the consent legislation, and the authors' conclusions.Horvat and colleagues report that crude rates of deceased donor kidney transplantation are higher in countries with presumed consent, whereas rates of living donor kidney transplantation are higher in nations with explicit consent. However, these compared groups have different characteristics, such as their ...References1. Horvat LD, Cuerden MS, Kim SJ, Koval JJ, Young A, Garg AX. Informing the debate: rates of kidney transplantation in nations with presumed consent. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:641-9. [PMID: 21079219] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Fabre J, Murphy P, Matesanz R. Presumed consent: a distraction in the quest for increasing rates of organ donation. BMJ. 2010;:341. [PMID: 20959281] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Yorick J. de Groot, MD; Hester F. Lingsma, PhD; Erwin J.O. Kompanje, PhDAffiliations: From Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInforming the Debate: Rates of Kidney Transplantation in Nations With Presumed Consent Lucy D. Horvat , Meaghan S. Cuerden , S. Joseph Kim , John J. Koval , Ann Young , and Amit X. Garg Rates of Kidney Transplantation in Nations With Presumed Consent Lucy D. Horvat and Amit X. Garg Metrics 7 June 2011Volume 154, Issue 11Page: 778KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careLegislationRegression analysisRenal transplantationTransplantation ePublished: 7 June 2011 Issue Published: 7 June 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-129: CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model
Authors: Yajun Yang, Xiaozhu Li, Yaohe Wang, Shengdian Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The role of anti-tumor immune responses in oncolytic adenoviral therapy has not been well studied due to lack of efficacious tumor model in immunocompetent mice. Here, we evaluated the contributions of immune components to the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenoviruse in an immunocompetent murine tumor model permissive for infection and replication of adenovirus. We found that CD8+ T cells were critical mediator for antitumor efficacy by oncolytic adenovirus. Intratumoral viral therapy induced intensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumor, increased tumor-specific IFN-γ (interferon-γ) production and CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) activity of lymphocytes, and generated a long-term tumor-specific immune memory. Boosting CD8+ T cell responses by agonistic anti-4-1BB (cluster differentiation 137, CD137) antibody showed synergistic anticancer effects with oncolytic viro-therapy. Our results provide insight into antitumor mechanisms of oncolytic adenovirus in addition to their direct oncolytic effect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-129. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-129
Beneficial Effects of Leukocyte-depleted Blood and Low-potassium Dextran Solutions on Microvascular Permeability in Preserved Porcine Lung
Authors: ODILE D. SCHNEUWLY, MARC LICKER, CATHERINE M. PASTOR, ALEXANDRE SCHWEIZER, DANIEL O. SLOSMAN, YUSUF KAPANCI, LAURENT P. NICOD, JOHN ROBERT, ANASTASE SPILIOPOULOS, DENIS R. MOREL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Modified Euro-Collins (EC) solution, a crystalloid intracellular-type solution, has been commonly used for pulmonary preservation. Several experimental studies have shown the advantages of using extracellular colloid-based solutions. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of preservation of two extracellular colloid solutions, leukocyte-depleted blood (BL) and low-potassium dextran (LPD) solutions, with that of EC solution. Lungs of 22 domestic pigs were flushed and preserved with EC (n = 8), BL (n = 7), or LPD (n = 7) solution. After harvesting, one of the lungs was reperfused immediately in an ex vivo circuit (control lungs), whereas the contralateral lung was reperfused after 8 h of cold (4 ° C) storage (preserved lungs). Besides the lung function parameters (gas exchange, pulmonary hemodynamics and mechanics), the permeability of the endothelial–epithelial barrier was assessed by determining the transferrin leak index (TLI) using a double radioisotopic method, by measuring the alveolar / arterial protein concentration ratio, and by analyzing histopathologic changes. The functional quality (oxygenation, airway resistance, dynamic compliance [Cl, dyn]) of both BL and LPD lungs was slightly but significantly superior to that of EC lungs. However, pulmonary vascular resistance was lower in BL-preserved than in EC- or LPD-preserved lungs. The TLI was increased in EC control and preserved lungs, whereas it was low in BL and LPD control lungs and did not increase after preservation. The alveolar / arterial protein concentration ratio was not different between control groups, but was increased fourfold in EC-preserved compared with BL- or LPD-preserved lungs. Finally, EC-preserved lungs presented a weight gain about twice that of BL- and LPD-preserved lungs. Morphologic analysis confirmed these results, because in the EC-preserved lungs, rupture of alveolar septa and severe alveolar edema and hemorrhage were observed, whereas BL- and LPD-preserved lungs showed a relatively well-preserved structure. The results demonstrate that both BL and LPD flush solutions preserve the endothelial–epithelial barrier better than does EC solution. Although the quality of preservation is similar, pulmonary vascular resistance is higher in LPD-preserved than in BL-preserved lungs.
A genetic map of the mouse with 4,006 simple sequence length polymorphisms
Authors: William F. Dietrich, Joyce C. Miller, Robert G. Steen, Mark Merchant, Deborah Damron, Robert Nahf, Alec Gross, Diane C. Joyce, Michael Wessel, Robert D. Dredge, Andre Marquis, Lincoln D. Stein, Nathan Goodman, David C. Page, Eric S. Lander
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
THE USE OF THE CURETTE IN THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS.
Authors: C. L. BONNIFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Endometritis, for the purpose of discussing the use of the curette in its treatment, is best divided into three varieties—catarrhal, septic and gonorrheal. <i>Catarrhal endometritis</i>is the form of pelvic disease most frequently induced by improper habits of life, consequently the one most amenable to constitutional or medical treatment. A large percentage of cases occur in unmarried women. In the society girl it is produced by the nightly exposure of the arms and a large portion of the chest, whereby the blood is driven into the interior of the body, congesting the uterus along with other organs; the tight corset, displacing the abdominal organs and interfering with the action of the heart and lungs; the numerous meals at irregular hours of stimulating and indigestible food, the position assumed in dancing and the exposure and lack of rest during menstruation. In her less fortunate sisters, the school teacher and the shop
Elevated Levels of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F <sub>2α</sub> in Pericardial Fluid of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ziad Mallat, Ivan Philip, Maryline Lebret, Didier Chatel, Jacques Maclouf, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —It has been suggested that oxidant stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, no definitive information is available because most previous approaches used to measure oxidant stress are nonspecific, inaccurate, and unreliable. Methods and Results —To evaluate oxidant stress in the heart, we measured pericardial fluid levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α (8-iso-PGF 2α ), a specific and quantitative marker of oxidant stress in vivo, in a series of 51 consecutive patients with ischemic and/or valvular heart disease referred for cardiac surgery. Pericardial levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α were correlated with the functional severity of heart failure (NYHA classification) and with echocardiographic indices of ventricular dilatation measured by independent physicians. Pericardial levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α were significantly increased in patients with symptomatic heart failure compared with asymptomatic patients and gradually increased with the functional severity of heart failure ( P =.0003). In addition, pericardial levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α were significantly correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters ( P =.008 and .026, respectively). Conclusions —Pericardial levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α increase with the functional severity of heart failure and are associated with ventricular dilatation. These data suggest an important role for in vivo oxidant stress on ventricular remodeling and the progression to heart failure.
Gastrointestinal Uptake of Tc-99m HMDP Caused by Calcium Gluconate
Authors: HIROMI SEGAWA, HIROO IKEHIRA, TADASHI AOKI, TATSUOKI MARUYAMA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Intense diffuse uptake of Tc-99m HMDP was seen in the gastrointestinal tract of a patient given liquid calcium gluconate. Bone scintigraphy was performed as a routine follow up 8 years after surgery for breast cancer. The gastrointestinal uptake disappeared when the administration of the liquid calcium gluconate was discontinued.
The Order of Authorship
Authors: Raed N. Fahmy
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Riesenberg and Lundberg<sup>1</sup>raise very important issues about the order of authors in their article. We suggest an approach that may further simplify the problem. Authorship should be restricted to those who designed the study, supervised the process of data collection, and are responsible for the content of the manuscript. Using this strict definition, most publications will have one to three authors, and it should then be easier to establish the order of names. The acknowledgment section, on the other hand, should be expanded to reflect accurately the relative contribution of others such as the statisticians, microbiologists, pathologists, research coordinators, and proofreaders. In the bibliography of promotion candidates, there should be a section for acknowledgments. Appointment and promotion committees would be able to assess the relative contribution the candidate has made to each publication simply by looking it up. The order of names in this section
Petition against health bill might trigger debate
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A new Commons debate could be triggered on the controversial Health and Social Care Bill after more than 100 000 people signed an e-petition demanding the bill’s withdrawal.

Critics have also stepped up pressure on ministers to disclose the full scale of internal warnings from NHS officials about the continuing risks associated with implementing the health proposals.

Shadow health secretary Andy Burnham said support for the Drop the Health Bill e-petition, submitted by GP Kailash Chand, sent a clear message to the prime minister about people’s feelings.

In addition, Mr Burnham said “devastating” revelations in risk assessment papers drawn up by NHS regions supported the case for abandoning the bill.

E-petition campaigners needed at least 100 000 people to sign up so that their case can be considered eligible …
Renal Potassium Handling in Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: DONALD E. BUTKUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Correction1 July 1979Renal Potassium Handling in Sickle-Cell DiseaseDONALD E. BUTKUS, M.D.DONALD E. BUTKUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-1-130_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The elegant study by DeFronzo and colleagues in the March issue (1) reports a significant decrease in potassium excretion in a group of patients with sickle-cell hemoglobinopathies when compared with a group of comparably studied control patients after sodium sulfate infusion, intravenous potassium infusion, and furosemide administration. They further document that neither hyperkalemia nor increased fecal potassium excretion occur during intravenous or oral potassium loading, respectively, and suggest that the potassium load administered intravenously is handled by increased tissue uptake. Of the potential mechanisms, the authors fail to consider, that their patients were relatively potassium depleted compared...Reference1. DEFRONZO R, AUGUST TAUFIELD P, BLACK H, MCPHEDRAN P, and COOKE C. Impaired renal tubular potassium secretion in sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:310-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONALD E. BUTKUS, M.D.Affiliations: Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20012 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1979Volume 91, Issue 1Page: 130-130KeywordsExcretionHemoglobinopathiesPotassiumRenal diseasesSodiumSulfates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...