tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of Neuromonitoring in Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy Using Transcutaneous Intraoperative Vagal Stimulation
Authors: Insoo Suh, Charles Yingling, Gregory W. Randolph, Quan-Yang Duh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

a personal history of skin cancer were less likely to have residual cancer present in subsequent excision specimens.There was a trend toward clearance of NMSC with longer wait times between biopsy and excision (Table 1).The resident surgeon correctly predicted residual cancer in 47 of the 76 cases of residual BCC (61.8%) and in 21 of 31 cases of residual SCC (67.7%).The attending surgeon correctly predicted residual cancer in 45 of the 76 cases of residual BCC (59.2%) and in 22 of 31 cases of residual SCC (71.0%).Overall, residents estimated that 55.5% of cases of BCC and 56.1% of cases of SCC would have residual cancer present in the excision specimens, whereas attending surgeons estimated 43.6% and 49.3%, respectively.The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for identification of residual cancer by resident and attending surgeons are shown in Table 2.Discussion | Previous studies have shown high spontaneous clearance rates regarding NMSC after biopsy. 2-4The ability to predict cancer clearance based on lesion and patient characteristics would enable patients to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures and would allow health care resources to be used more efficiently.Residual cancer existed in the majority of cases of NMSC in our study.The cases of SCC showed higher rates of spontaneous clearance (42 of 73 cases [57.5%]) than did the cases of BCC (34 of 110 cases [30.9%]).No patient-specific risk factors were identified.There was a trend toward clearance of lesions with longer wait times between biopsy and excision, which suggests that close clinical surveillance may be appropriate for some low-risk lesions.Surgeons had difficulty predicting the persistence of cancer based on the appearance of the biopsy scar alone, regardless of experience.Future studies are needed to determine additional patient and lesion characteristics that contribute to clearance of NMSC after biopsy.
caPeptides: Selectively targeting caPCNA and sensitizing gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Fei Shen, Robert J. Hickey, Linda H. Malkas, Jasmine Kamran
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract caPeptides that block the functions of caPCNA, cancer associated proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant cells has been developed by our laboratory and showed promising anti-cancer therapeutic activities. Previously, we have identified caPCNA, an acidic isoform of PCNA that presents in various cancer cells and appears to be associated, at least in part, with malignant transformation of cells. Since PCNA is involved in DNA replication and repair in prokaryote and eukaryote cells, we hypothesize that caPCNA is likely to perform similar functions specifically in cancer cells. Antibodies developed against caPCNA showed the inhibition of DNA replication in cancer cells. The investigation of the interaction of caPCNA with its binding partners including flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(Fen-1) and xeroderma pimentosum complementation group G (XPG) has led us to identify an amino acid domain sequence that confers the cancer cell specificity of caPCNA. We synthesized caPeptides, small caPCNA related peptides derived from this sequence to promote cancer cell cytotoxicity. caPeptides have the potential ability to compete with several cellular proteins that participate in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle control, transcription, and chromosomal recombination for their naturally occurring binding site on caPCNA and block binding of full length caPCNA to these proteins. The disruption of the interaction between caPCNA and its binding proteins prevents cancer cellular functions (vital cellular machinery) that recruit caPCNA and therefore may lead caPeptides to be cytotoxic by themselves or in combination with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Our results demonstrated that these peptides were cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells and more significantly they rendered resistant pancreatic cells to be 10-fold more sensitive to gemcitabine, a standard clinical chemotherapeutic agent for treating pancreatic cancer patients. Considering that pancreatic cancer is well known for its high mortality rate due to its chemotherapy ineffectiveness and resistances to gemcitabine our studies render further investigations on the anti-neoplastic action and mechanisms of the peptides in pancreatic cancer.
Predilection of Lung Cancer for the Upper Lobes: An Epidemiologic Inquiry&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Tim E. Byers, John E. Vena, Thomas F. Rzepka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Predilection of Lung Cancer for the Upper Lobes: An Epidemiologic Inquiry Get access Tim E. Byers, M.D.M.P.H., Tim E. Byers, M.D.M.P.H. 3Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2211 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14214. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John E. Vena, Ph.D., John E. Vena, Ph.D. 3Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2211 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14214. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas F. Rzepka, B.S. Thomas F. Rzepka, B.S. 3Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2211 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14214. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 6, June 1984, Pages 1271–1275, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.6.1271 Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Received: 28 July 1983 Accepted: 24 January 1984 Published: 01 June 1984
Health beliefs among British Bangladeshis
Authors: J. Hardy, J. Gray, A. E. Livingstone, T. Greenhalgh, C. Helman, M.'m. Chowdhury
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Greenhalgh et al attempt to combine the techniques of qualitative research with anthropological investigation, but their paper is flawed.1 They draw attention to Bengali views on diabetes in an east London population without giving their reasons for being there. Is this genuine ethnography or is it an exercise in health promotion that has used ethnography to give it credibility? 

Ethnicity may be a source of fascination, but it is insulting to set ourselves up to study it because, as in the case of the Native Americans and the Aboriginals, we become “interested” in a culture only when that culture no longer poses a threat to us. We are not anthropologists, we are doctors in the late 20th century and work in multicultural settings that we find as confusing as those immigrants whom we choose to study. 

As general practitioners we work at the interface between a patient’s conception of his or her problem and our own system of beliefs on biomedical health. The two are frequently at odds. On the one hand we worship at the feet of a sacred cow that we have prosaically named evidence based medicine, whereas on the other hand our patients follow their own beliefs and use alternative health care. We should remember that although these models seem quite different to us, they are both a part of the Western culture of consumption—a fact borne out by the enormous use of alternative medical practice and over the counter self medication. 

We have a lot to learn from our patients. Greenhalgh et al identify the main point; we should really be studying the whole of a community (all of east London), with particular emphasis on how one group influences another—a process that anthropologists refer to as acculturation—rather than merely the exotic or idiosyncratic.
Perinatal HIV Prevention
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of cyclophosphamide/cytarabine-induced emesis with ondansetron in children with leukemia.
Authors: P A Carden, S L Mitchell, K D Waters, K Tiedemann, H Ekert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Ondansetron, a 5HT3 antagonist, was given to 20 children aged 4 to 18 years who were undergoing treatment with the Australian and New Zealand Childhood Cancer Study Group Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) Study V Protocol. The study was open, dose ranging, and noncomparative, and designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of ondansetron in preventing nausea and vomiting caused by cyclophosphamide intravenous (IV) 1,000 mg/m2 day 1, and cytarabine IV subcutaneously (SC) 75 mg/m2 on days 2 to 5. Ten patients were given ondansetron 5 mg/m2 IV (group A) and subsequently another 10 patients were given ondansetron 3 mg/m2 IV (group B). Oral ondansetron was given for 14 doses, at the same dosage for both groups, commencing simultaneously with the IV infusion and continuing at 8 hourly intervals, ie, until day 5. The oral dose was based on surface area with the following schedule: 0.3 to 0.6 m2, 2 mg; 0.6 to 1 m2, 3 mg; and greater than 1 m2, 4 mg. Vomiting on the first day of chemotherapy was reported in group A by one patient and by one patient in group B. Vomiting during days 2 to 5 was reported by two group-A patients and by three group-B patients. Nausea was recorded on day 1 by one patient in group A, and two in group B, and on days 2 to 5 by three patients in group A, and by seven in group B. All patients were alert during treatment with ondansetron and there was no dystonia. There were no changes in renal function or hematology values that could be ascribed to the study drug. Transient elevations in bilirubin and liver enzymes were observed. We conclude that our results indicate that ondansetron is a safe and extremely effective single-agent antiemetic with minimal side effects, when administered both IV and orally.
Treatment Approaches to Major Depressive Disorder Relapse
Authors: Maurizio Fava, Mark E. Schmidt, Shuyu Zhang, Jill Gonzales, Nancy J. Raute, Rajinder Judge
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

Anecdotal reports concerning mood disorder patients suggest restarting drug treatment in patients who prematurely discontinue it may be associated with a diminished chance of response upon rechallenge. We evaluated the likelihood of response to reinitiation of fluoxetine treatment in patients relapsing after switching to placebo during a long-term efficacy study of two different dosing regimens of fluoxetine.Patients who met the DSM-IV major depressive disorder criteria with modified HAMD17 scores > or =18 and CGI-Severity scores > or =4 were treated with open-label 20 mg/day fluoxetine for 13 weeks in a multicenter US study. Responders (n = 501) were randomized to placebo, 20 mg fluoxetine daily, or 90 mg enteric-coated fluoxetine weekly for 25 weeks of double-blind continuation treatment. Patients relapsing during the continuation phase were offered 25 weeks of double-blind rescue treatment during which the study medication dose was increased as follows: (1) patients on placebo had treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/ day reinitiated; (2) patients on fluoxetine 20 mg/day had their dose increased to 40 mg/day, and (3) patients on a 90-mg weekly dose had their dose increased to 90 mg twice a week. Only the results of the rescue phase for the group who relapsed while on continuation treatment with placebo are reported here. Analyses included percentage of responders (50% reduction of modified HAMD17 and CGI-Severity < or =2) and assessments of change from baseline to endpoint (HAMD, CGI-Severity). Safety measures included assessment of vital signs, laboratory measures, and treatment-emergent adverse events.Of 122 patients assigned to placebo, 57 (47%) relapsed during continuation treatment. Fifty-five (96%) of these elected to enter double-blind rescue treatment. Overall, patients who relapsed upon switching to placebo responded well to reinitiation of fluoxetine (62%). The mean modified HAMD17 score decreased from 20 to less than 9 and was maintained for up to 6 months. Thirty-eight percent of patients either did not respond or initially responded but again relapsed after reinitiation of medication.This study suggests that patients who, after an initial response to fluoxetine, relapse upon switching to placebo have a relatively high probability of responding to the reinitiation of fluoxetine treatment. These results challenge the view that the efficacy of an agent prematurely discontinued is diminished when such an agent is restarted. They also generally support reinitiation of the same antidepressant as a 'first-line' treatment strategy in patients who relapsed after stopping a previously effective antidepressant.
Consistently achieving higher acute non-invasive ventilation (NIV) set-up pressures at a respiratory ward-based unit
Authors: Jumaa Bwika, Norashikin Amran, Olliver O'Sullivan, Biman Chakraborty, Amy Oakes, Ben Beauchamp, Joshil Lodhia, Rahul Mukherjee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in COPD, obesity related morbidity, chest wall and neuromuscular conditions has become widespread in the UK. In terms of acute NIV set up, the British national guidance (2008) recommends starting with an inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) of 10 cm H2O and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) of 4–5 cmH2O, with small increments in IPAP aiming for a pressure target of 20 cm H2O or until therapeutic response is achieved. We analysed trends in maximum pressures achieved since 2004 in our 11-bedded ward-based NIV unit.  Methods: Comparison of in-house NIV registry data 01/08/04 -31/01/06 (Period 1) with 01/01/11 – 30/06/12 (Period 2), looking at maximum IPAP and maximum EPAP achieved. There were 281 episodes of AHRF treated in Period 1; 240 in Period 2 with similar distribution of gender.  Results: There were 281 episodes of AHRF in period 1 and 240 in period 2. Maximum IPAP achieved in period 2 was significantly higher than period 1 (median IPAPmax 20 cmH2O vs. 14 cmH2O; p=2.2x10-16). Maximum EPAP followed same trend (median EPAPmax 5cm H2O vs. 4cm H2O; p=8.068x10-6).  Discussion: Adequate therapeutic response is achieved with median IPAP max of 16.7 and median EPAP max of 5.2 cmH2O (Ali A et al. ERJ 2011; 38: 55. 683s.). However, with more experience over an 8-year period, we are achieving significantly higher maximum IPAP and maximum EPAP. This is probably in keeping with the increasing severity of AHRF that is being treated in the unit with similar in-hospital mortality (around 22%). Further analysis of population characteristics and comparison with units of similar size are needed.
Mitoxantrone versus daunorubicin in induction-consolidation chemotherapy--the value of low-dose cytarabine for maintenance of remission, and an assessment of prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: final report. European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Hovon Group.
Authors: B Löwenberg, S Suciu, E Archimbaud, H Haak, P Stryckmans, R de Cataldo, A W Dekker, Z N Berneman, A Thyss, J van der Lelie, P Sonneveld, G Visani, G Fillet, M Hayat, A Hagemeijer, G Solbu, R Zittoun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE AND METHODS Optimization of remission-induction and postremission therapy in elderly individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the subject of a randomized study in patients older than 60 years. Remission-induction chemotherapy was compared between daunomycin (DNR) 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3 versus mitoxantrone (MTZ) 8 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3, both plus cytarabine (Ara-C) 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 7. Following complete remission (CR), patients received one additional cycle of DNR or MTZ chemotherapy and were then eligible for a second randomization between eight cycles of low-dose (LD)-Ara-C 10 mg/m2 subcutaneously every 12 hours for 1 2 days every 6 weeks or no further treatment. RESULTS A total of 242 patients was randomized to DNR and 247 to MTZ. Median age of both study groups was 68 years. Secondary AML was documented in 26% and 25% of patients in either arm. The probability of attaining CR was greater (P = .069) with MTZ (47%) than with DNR (38%). Median duration of neutropenia was 19 (DNR) and 22 days (MTZ). The greater response rate to MTZ therapy correlated with reduced occurrence of chemotherapy resistance (32% v 47%, P = .001). With a median follow-up of 6 years, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) is 8% in each arm. Overall survival estimates are not different between the groups (6% v 9% at 5 yrs). Poor performance status at diagnosis, high WBC count, older age, secondary AML, and presence of cytogenetic abnormalities all had an adverse impact on survival. Secondary AML and abnormal cytogenetics predicted for shorter duration of CR. Among complete responders, 74 assessable patients were assigned to Ara-C and 73 to no further therapy. Actuarial DFS was significantly longer (P = .006) for Ara-C-treated (13% [SE = 4.0%] at 5 years) versus nontreated patients (7% [SE = 3%]), but overall survival was similar (P = .29): 18% (SE = 4.6%) versus 15% (SE = 4.3%). Meta-analysis on the value of Ara-C postremission therapy confirms these results. CONCLUSION In previously untreated elderly patients with AML, MTZ induction therapy produces a slightly better CR rate than does a DNR-containing regimen, but it has no significant effect on remission duration and survival. Ara-C in maintenance may prolong DFS, but it did not improve survival.
Comparison of the Stimulating Capacity of Human Leukemia T-Cell, Null Cell, and B-Cell Lines in Mixed Lymphocyte Culture: Brief Communication
Authors: Teruhiko Tsubota, Isao Miyoshi, Junzaburo Uno, Shunkichi Hiraki, Ikuro Kimura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

One-way mixed lymphocyte reactions between lymphocytes from normal human donors and mitomycin C-treated cells from human leukemia T-cell, null cell, and B-celilines were investigated. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma line and two EBV-positive normal lymphoid cell lines were studied in parallel. Normal lymphocytes were stimulated significantly by the cultured null cells and B-cells, but only slightly by the cultured T-cells. The stimulatory capacity of these two leukemia cell lines was approximately equal to that of the lymphoma and normal B-cell lines. The results suggest that not only leukemia B-cells but also leukemia null cells have stimulatory determinants in mixed lymphocyte culture.
Organ Selectivity for Implantation Survival and Growth of B16 Melanoma Variant Tumor Lines 2
Authors: Isaiah J. Fidler, Garth L. Nicolson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The fate of bloodborne malignant melanoma cells selected for their enhanced ability to form lung colonies was examined to determine how specific tumor cells are arrested in certain organs during the experimental metastasis process. After murine B16 melanoma variant tumor cell lines with low (B16-F1) or high (B16-F10) survival and growth potential in vivo were admisistered by iv or intracardiac injections into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the quantitative distribution of [125l]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUDR)-labeled cells in the organs and subsequent formation of metastatic lung colonies were assessed. The initial distribution of viable tumor cells was dependent on the route of injection: Soon after iv injection, more 125IUDR-labeled B16 cells were localized in the lungs and fewer in the blood and other organs than after intracardiac injection. However, 1 day after the injection, the number of viable tumor cells in the lungs was independent of the route of injection, and at 14 days the quantity of resulting lung tumor colonies was similar. Variant line B16-F10 cells were better arrested and formed more tumors per input cell than B16-F1, regardless of the injection route. B16-F10 yielded only lung tumor colonies, whereas B16-F1 formed some extrapulmonary tumor growths. The results suggested that the ultimate fate of circulating tumor cells was not determined solely by nonspecific arrest in the capillary bed of the first organ encountered, and that in vivo selection could produce tumor line variants with organs preferences.
The death receptors (DRs) expressed on alveolar lymphocytes (AL) in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) participate in apoptosis regulation
Authors: Andrzej Dyczek, Barbara Balicka-Slusarczyk, Jerzy Szczeklik, Grzegorz Przybylsski, Agnieszka Jarzemska, Karina Szablowska, Tomasz Wandtke, Piotr Kopinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. The number of AL, regulated by their local proliferation and apoptosis, contributes to the activity of immune process in ILD. Ligation of death receptors (DRs) by specific ligands on AL seems to be a potent mechanism of apoptosis induction.  Aim. Evaluation of DRs expression on AL. The assessment of DR role in AL apoptosis in ILD.  Methods. Bronchoalvolar lavage (BAL) carried out in sarcoidosis (PS), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) and controls (n=46,7,23,13 resp.). AL staining for Fas, Fas Ligand (FasL), DR3, DR4 and TNFα receptors (CD120A and B). BAL supernatant soluble Fas (sFas), sFasL, TRAIL and TNFα levels measured by ELISA.  Results. In general, common Fas and CD120B apearance on AL coexists with low expression of DR3, DR4 and CD120A. AL apoptosis rate was sign. positively correlated with TNFα level as well as with DR4, FasL, CD120A expression and (p  Conclusions. DRs participate in AL number regulation, however different mechanisms may drive the process in specific ILD. TNFα proapoptotic effect on AL is probably dependent on the imbalance of its receptors (CD120A and B). Fas/FasL system seems to be active by FasL membrane-bound form, but not soluble one.