tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental illness as metaphor, yet again
Authors: S. Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Shine is the apparently true story of David Helfgott, a child prodigy pianist whose career came to an abrupt halt when he developed a severe mental illness. After many years lost in the world of asylums, he was rescued by the love of a woman and is once again performing to ecstatic Australian audiences. Scott Hicks, previously known for his documentaries, has produced a feature film of Helfgott's life that has been wooing critics and audiences alike and-because it combines a difficult subject (mental illness), a great sound track (Rachmaninov), and a feel good ending-is apparently a “dead cert” for an Oscar.

Granted, the film is a tour de force in many respects. The casting is impressive- the film uses three actors to play David as a youth, adolescent, and adult, but you become aware of that only in the credits. It has two masterly emotional climaxes-the first when David produces a definitive Rachmaninov Third …
Extent of Carotid Sinus Regulation of the Myocardial Contractile State in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Stephen F. Vatner, Charles B. Higgins, Dean Franklin, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effects of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) and carotid sinus nerve stimulation (CSNS) on left ventricular (LV) pressure (P), diameter (D), velocity of contraction (V), rate of change of pressure (dP/dt), and cardiac output were studied in conscious dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter gauges, miniature pressure gauges, and aortic electromagnetic flow transducers. The effects of BCO and CSNS were also studied after automatic blockade and were compared to similar alterations in pressure produced by norepinephrine, methoxamine, and nitroglycerin. When heart rate was maintained constant with atrial stimulation, BCO had little effect on ventricular contractility, increasing isolength systolic pressure (LV P(iso)) by 36% while isolength velocity of myocardial shortening (V(iso)) decreased by 12% and (dP/dt)/P fell by 8%. These effects could be explained largely by vasoconstriction, since elevating systolic pressure with methoxamine produced similar results, while norepinephrine increased V(iso) by 36% and (dP/dt)/P by 56%. CSNS produced directionally opposite results from BCO; it decreased P(iso) by 15%, V(iso) increased by 11%, while (dP/dt)/P remained almost constant. These effects may be explained largely by vasodilatation since reducing systolic pressure to the same level with nitroglycerin produced similar results. When peripheral vasoconstriction was minimized by phenoxybenzamine pretreatment. BCO produced a slight positive inotropic effect (P(iso) increased by 8%, V(iso) by 4%, and (dp/dt)/P by 10%), while CSNS produced a slight negative inotropic effect (P(iso) decreased by 3%, V(iso) decreased by 5%, and (dP/dt)/P by 7%).Thus, in the normal, healthy, conscious dog, the carotid sinuses exert relatively little control of the inotropic state of the left ventricle; moreover, this small inotropic action is masked by the more powerful effects on peripheral resistance.
Bridge at Moret-sur-Loing
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential distribution of hepatitis B core and E antigens in hepatocytes: Analysis by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Mario Mondelli, Richard S. Tedder, Bridget Ferns, Patrizia Pontisso, Giuseppe Realdi, Alfredo Alberti
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Current knowledge on the expression of HBeAg in hepatocytes is incomplete because of difficulties in obtaining monospecific antisera devoid of anti–HBc reactivity. In this study, we have examined by immunofluorescence the expression of HBcAg and HBeAgin cryostat liver sections from 25 chronic carriers of HBsAg using monoclonal antibodies. Although virtually all liver biopsies displayed concordance for HBeAg and HBcAg expression, the pattern of fluorescence differed markedly. Thus, monoclonal anti–HBcgave nuclear staining in all 13 reactive biopsies, while cytoplasmic staining was observed in only two of these. In contrast, monoclonal anti–HBe showed cytoplasmic reactivity coexisting with nuclear reactivity in 10 of 13 reactive biopsies. Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity in the serum appeared to correlate better with the presence of HBcAg in hepatocytes rather than HBeAg. These results provide further evidence that HBeAg is expressed both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes. The observation that the number of cells expressing HBeAg exceeds those expressing HBcAg in carriers with active virus replication would suggest that assembly of core particles occurs in only a proportion of infectedhepatocytes expressing HBeAg.
Review: Corticosteroids improve short-term outcomes but worsen longer-term outcomes in some types of tendinopathy
Authors: Katherine L Margo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections and other injections for management of tendinopathy: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1751-67. 20970844
Comparison of the effects of lisinopril and a prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor (FG041) on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: John I. Nwogu, Maurice Bean, David L. Geenen, Jay Bagai, Ajanta De, Beth E. Reed, Mehdi Nafissi, Mitchell Brenner, Peter M. Buttrick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The frequency of familial disease in a consecutive series of 51 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: A. Gavazzi, M. Ponzetta, C. Campana, M. Giraldi, C. Inserra, A. Raisaro, M.L. Laudisa, E. Colombi, B. Del Bello, E. Arbustini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people.
Authors: P P Perrin, G C Gauchard, C Perrot, C Jeandel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

Balance disorders increase with aging and raise the risk of accidental falls in the elderly. It has been suggested that the practice of physical and sporting activities (PSA) efficiently counteracts these age related disorders, reducing the risk of falling significantly.This study, principally based on a period during which the subjects were engaged in PSA, included 65 healthy subjects, aged over 60, who were living at home. Three series of posturographic tests (static, dynamic with a single and fast upward tilt, and dynamic with slow sinusoidal oscillations) analysing the centre of foot pressure displacements or electromyographic responses were conducted to determine the effects of PSA practice on balance control.The major variables of postural control were best in subjects who had always practised PSA (AA group). Those who did not take part in PSA at all (II group) had the worst postural performances, whatever the test. Subjects having lately begun PSA practice (IA group) had good postural performances, close to those of the AA group, whereas the subjects who had stopped the practice of PSA at an early age (AI group) did not perform as well. Overall, the postural control in the group studied decreased in the order AA > IA > AI > II.The period during which PSA are practised seems to be of major importance, having a positive bearing on postural control. It seems that recent periods of practice have greater beneficial effects on the subject's postural stability than PSA practice only at an early age. These data are compatible with the fact that PSA are extremely useful for elderly people even if it has not been a lifelong habit.
Psychiatry and Its History: Methodological Problems in Research
Authors: Chester R. Burns
Journal: JAMA (1970)

If symposia proceedings can be compared to wine-tasting parties, this one offers samples from 12 brands. Although stimulating at first, these dozen essays may produce vertigo if consumed in a single evening. Moreover, criteria of satisfaction will vary from consumer to consumer. Disagreeable aftertastes may be experienced with the bibliographical safari of Bry or with the journey into classical Greek by Meier. Others' taste buds will react differently. On the whole, though, this party offers stimulating friendship for historians and psychiatrists, and a passel of New Year's Eve resolutions for those of both groups who are seriously concerned about the level of scholarship in the historiography of psychiatry. General historians do not need Ellenberger's admonition to "check everything" nor Brand's synopsis of the development of historical writing, but psychiatrists need both. Psychiatrists may become fatigued with the dissections of psychoanalysis by Mora, Ellenberger, and Cranefield, but general historians need these
Predicting the Appropriate Use of Carotid Endarterectomy, Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Coronary Angiography
Authors: Robert H. Brook, Rolla Edward Park, Mark R. Chassin, David H. Solomon, Joan Keesey, Jacqueline Kosecoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In a nationally representative population 65 years of age or older, we have demonstrated that about one quarter of coronary angiographies and upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and two thirds of carotid endarterectomies were performed for reasons that were less than medically appropriate. In this paper we examine whether specific characteristics of patients (age, sex, and race), physicians (age, board-certification status, and experience with the procedure), or hospitals (teaching status, profit-making status, and size) predict whether a procedure will be performed appropriately.
End-of-Life Care for Homeless Patients
Authors: Margot B. Kushel, Christine Miaskowski
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Homelessness annually affects an estimated 2.3 million to 3.5 million individuals living in the United States. Homeless people face difficulties in meeting their basic needs. Many have substance abuse problems and mental illness, lack social support, and have no medical insurance. These challenges complicate the homeless patient's ability to engage in end-of-life advanced planning, adhere to medications, and find an adequate site to receive terminal care. Employing a multidisciplinary team to care for homeless patients can help address their needs and improve care. For patients who continue to use illicit substances while receiving end-of-life care, experts recommend scheduling frequent clinic visits, using long-acting pain medications, dispensing small quantities of medications at a time, and using a written pain agreement. Homeless people are less likely to have a surrogate decision maker. Clinicians should have frequent, well-documented conversations with these patients about end-of-life wishes. Homeless people can rarely use hospice services because they lack the financial resources for inpatient hospice and have neither the home nor the social support required for home hospice. Developing inpatient palliative care services at hospitals that serve many homeless people could improve the end-of-life care homeless people receive.
Abstract 1415: The Notch ligand Jag 2 promotes growth and invasion in uveal melanoma cells
Authors: Laura Asnaghi, Michael L. Coonfield, Karisa C. Schreck, Eli E. Bar, James Handa, Shannath Merbs, Katayoon B. Ebrahimi, J William Harbour, Charles G. Eberhart
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in the adults, and up to 50% of patients die from hematogenous visceral metastases which are extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Using oligonucleotide expression array analysis of mRNA from primary uveal melanomas, we found that the Jag 2 ligand was 1.9 fold more expressed in tumors which metastasized than those which did not. Other Notch pathway members were also significantly induced in the metastatic cohort. We then used quantitative RT PCR to analyze mRNA extracted from a second cohort of 30 snap-frozen primary tumors, and confirmed that elevated Jag 2 mRNA levels were significantly associated (p = 0.048) with the metastatic Class 2 signature as compared to non-metastatic Class 1 uveal melanoma. To directly examine the importance of Jag 2 in driving cellular growth and invasion, we introduced the ligand into a uveal melanoma cell line, Mel 290, which has low baseline levels of Notch activity as measured by expression of the pathway targets Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2. The Jag 2-GFP-MSCV-infected cells showed a 2.5 to 6 fold induction of Notch targets Hey 1 and Hes1, indicating that pathway activity had been induced. While overall growth of the Jag 2-GFP-MSCV infected cultures as measured by MTT increased only slightly, overexpression of Jag 2 induced an approximately 3 fold increase in clonogenic growth in soft agar. Finally, we assayed the migratory properties of the cells using a wound-healing (“scratch”) assay, as well as their ability to invade Matrigel. Jag 2 expressing cells showed increased motility in both of these tests, with a significant (p = 0.0003) approximately 2 fold induction of transwell invasion capacity. Our data suggest that expression of the Notch ligand Jag 2 may play an important role in uveal melanoma growth and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1415
The CDC and Abortion in HIV-Positive Women
Authors: Albert E. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a Letter to the Editor published in the Sept 4, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>1</sup>the author is incorrect in several of his assertions. Specifically, Dr Grimes' statement that "the 1985 CDC [Centers for Disease Control] committee assembled to develop guidelines to prevent perinatal transmission of AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] concurred that the option of abortion should be discussed with HIV [human immunodeficiency virus]—infected pregnant women" is not supported by the actual record of events. No "committee" was assembled in 1985 to develop guidelines to prevent perinatal transmission of AIDS. I was present at a meeting of consultants who were invited by the CDC to discuss the formulation of such guidelines in 1985. At the beginning of the meeting it was carefully explained by CDC personnel that we were not a "committee" as defined by applicable federal regulations but were there as individual consultants. It was
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shibo Lin, Katrin Hoffmann, Peter Schemmer
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, with an increasing incidence. With advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation and the development of molecular-target drugs, a number of potentially curative treatments have become available. Management of HCC patients depends on the stage of their tumor. Liver resection remains the first choice for very early-stage HCC, but it is being challenged by local ablative therapy. For early-stage HCC that meet the Milan criteria, liver transplantation still offers a better outcome; however, local ablative therapy can be a substitute when transplantation is not feasible. Local ablation is also used as a bridging therapy toward liver transplantation. HCC recurrence is the main obstacle to successful treatment, and there is currently no effective means of preventing or treating HCC recurrence. Transarterial therapy is considered suitable for intermediate-stage HCC, while sorafenib is recommended for advanced-stage HCC. This stage-based approach to therapy not only provides acceptable outcomes but also improves the quality of life of HCC patients. Because of the complexity of HCC, therapeutic approaches ᆳcusses the current standards and trends in the treatment of HCC.
Treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy with intravenous lidocaine infusion.
Authors: J Kastrup, H Angelo, P Petersen, A Dejgard, J Hilsted
Journal: BMJ (1986)

as distance) is decisive despite the regulations, which are couched as a series of alternatives.2Decisions are made by lay officers interpreting a medical report which pays insufficient attention to assessment of mobility.3This study therefore measured not only aspects of the mobility of holders of the allowance but also the collective opinions ofa group ofassessors.The results should interest organisations representing disabled people.4Most subjects walked more than the 100 m quoted in cases turned down on appeal.They were, however, studied under less stressful and more representative conditions than when being examined for the mobility allowance.The wide scatter ofresults confirms the variability ofassessments and the need to rationalise the system for making the award.It is impossible to set a limiting value for any parameter but the likelihood of an applicant being successful increases as distance, speed, and time ofwalking decrease.I have therefore suggested three categories bounded by distances (120 m, 240 m, and 360 m) and speeds (20 m/min, 34 m/min, and 43 m/min) which might be the basis of a points system.Other parameters of mobility-for example, energy expenditure-would also have to be considered and weighted.The Department of Health and Social Security should commission an independent evaluation ofmethods ofassessing mobility, which would make examinations for the mobility allowance more objective and thereby reduce criticism of this allowance and examining doctors. 1 McGavin CR, Gupta SP, McHardy GJR.Twelve-minute walking test for assessing disability in chronic bronchitis.
THE USE OF THE RESPIRATOR
Authors: JAMES L. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

I think it is clear to all that the subject of the use of the respirator is included in this program not because of its scientific importance as compared with the other matters discussed but because the respirator has aroused a great deal of interest and obtained a dramatic hold on the lay mind, and because the question of its use confronts a physician in respect to every patient who dies a victim of poliomyelitis. The most important problem that arises, and the one that first enters the mind, is one for which I cannot offer a statistical answer, nor do I think it is worth long discussion here. The question concerns the ultimate value of the respirator in the treatment of poliomyelitis, and it arises because of the painful experience that physicians have had with patients who have survived after long and expensive dependence on a respirator but who
THE EFFECT OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-2 TYPE ON RESPONSE TO THE FRIEND LEUKEMIA VIRUS IN MICE
Authors: Frank Lilly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Two types of quantitative response to the F-B strain of Friend virus in segregating generations of a cross involving a susceptible (DBA/2 or BALB/c; H-22) and a resistant (C57BL/6; H-2b) mouse strain show a marked correlation with the H-2 type of the mice. Essential susceptibility, as determined by the splenomegalic response to high virus doses, is controlled by a single pair of alleles which segregates independently with respect to the H-2 locus. However, relative susceptibility, as determined by the incidence of the splenomegalic response at moderate or low levels of virus dosage, is significantly greater among mice homozygous or heterozygous for the H-2d allele than among H-2b homozygotes in these populations. In addition, the incidence of recovery from splenomegaly induced by a given level of virus dosage is significantly greater in H-2b homozygotes than in segregants of other H-2 types among their littermates. Possible mechanisms responsible for these effects are discussed.
The hand leads the mouth in ontogenesis too
Authors: Jana M. Iverson, Esther Thelen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The evolutionary scenario described in this target article parallels developmental patterns observed in human infants. Early vocalizations are largely expressive, manual control develops more rapidly than intentional vocal articulation, and vocal and manual activity are linked. In ontogenetic development, language is strongly rooted in bodily action and gesture.
A serum inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis associated with hyperglobulinaemia E in a patient with lymphoma, and recurrent skin infection
Authors: A. EHRLICH, T.D. MATTISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

A patient with a strong serum inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis, a possible chemotactic factor inactivator and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E is described. The patient had a persistent chronic dermatitis which appeared to develop following radiation of the central nervous system for an unclassified lymphoma. Other abnormalities included a general increase of serum immunoglobulins, impaired lymphocyte response to mitogens, and a high Epstein-Barr antibody titre. This case illustrates that an increased IgE level, previously reported in association with a cellular chemotactic defect, may coexist with serum inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis.