tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Anticancer Properties of <scp>Salvia Miltiorrhiza</scp> Bunge (Danshen): A Systematic Review
Authors: Xiuping Chen, Jiajie Guo, Jiaolin Bao, Jinjian Lu, Yitao Wang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2013)

Abstract Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) is a classical Huoxue Huayu (a traditional Chinese medical term means promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis) herb with 1000 years of clinical application. It mainly contains two groups of ingredients: the hydrophilic phenolic acids and the lipophilic tanshinones. Both groups have demonstrated multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidative stress, antiplatelet aggregation, anti‐inflammation, among others. Recent data have demonstrated that its lipophilic compounds, especially the tanshinones, show potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer effects of the hydrophilic phenolic acids have also been reported. Furthermore, tanshinones provide structural skeletons for chemical modifications, allowing for a series of derivatives of interests. This review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the bioactive compounds isolated from Danshen with special emphasis on tanshinones, aiming to bring new insights for further research and development of this ancient herb.
Survival After Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Marco G. Patti
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Should there be an age adjusted D-dimer cut-off value in diagnosing thromboembolic disease? A retrospective analysis
Authors: David Walder, Robert Richards
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Previous studies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) D-dimer in pulmonary embolism have suggested that the D-dimer cut-off should be adjusted for age. (Douma et al. BMJ 2010; 340 c.1475) Using a retrospective analysis from our DVT clinic we compared latex agglutination assay D-dimer values for patients without DVT in 10 year age brackets (1696 patients). There was a significant D-dimer level rise (compared to under 50 years) with advancing age.

View this table:



We analysed the data from positive DVTs to look for an age adjusted D-dimer cut-off. (212 patients)

![Figure][1] 



By generating receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves we calculated 95% sensitivity D-dimer cut-off limits for the various age brackets. A clear relationship between age and D-dimer cut-off could not be shown.

![Figure][1] 



Our data again showed that D-dimer level rises with advancing age. However, with our assay an age adjusted D-dimer cut-off could not be deduced without reducing sensitivity.

 [1]: pending:yes
Nutrition Posters
Authors: J.F. Kennedy, J.M.D. Nightingale, R. Mumford, M. Currie
Journal: Gut (2001)

Background: Over a third of hospitals in the United Kingdom have a nutrition support team (NST). A NST may need to prove that it gives its hospital financial and quality benefits. Aims: To determine the cost benefits of a hospital nutrition team. Methods: A NST that worked across the directorates
Abstract 438: Long non-coding RNA AK023948 enhances breast cancer progression by activating AKT
Authors: Pratirodh Koirala
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various physiological and pathological conditions has been increasingly appreciated, however, given the large number of lncRNAs, little is known for the vast majority of lncRNAs for their potential role in breast cancer. In this study, using real-time PCR-based lncRNA profiling array, we identified a set of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in breast cancer tissues of patients as compared to the normal breast tissue. Among them, AK023948 was upregulated in breast cancer; it was also upregulated in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) as compared to human mammary epithelial cells (HMLE). This was further supported by breast cancer tissue microarray by in situ hybridization. Moreover, ectopic expression of AK023948 in MCF-7 cells promoted the proliferation and anchorage independent cell growth, implying its potential oncogenic role in breast cancer progression. In consistent with this finding, we found that while ectopic expression of AK023948 activated, AK023948-siRNA suppressed Akt activation. To determine the underlying mechanism of AK023948-mediated activation of Akt, we performed RNA pull-down assay with biotin-labeled AK023948 RNA probe. Mass spectrometry analysis of the pulled down proteins identified ATP dependent RNA helicase A (RHA/DHX-9) as a potential binding partner for AK023948, which was confirmed by western blot. Gene silencing of DHX-9 in MCF-7 cells suppressed AKT phosphorylation, suggesting that AK023948 may activate AKT activation through interacting with DHX-9 and modulating its function. Together, these results suggest that AK023948 may function as an oncogenic lncRNA in breast cancer and thus, it may represent a novel target for breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: Pratirodh Koirala. Long non-coding RNA AK023948 enhances breast cancer progression by activating AKT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 438. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-438
The Irritable Bowel: A Pathological or a Psychological Syndrome?
Authors: D Waxman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

The irritable bowel syndrome is discussed together with some of its theories, methods of investigation and various treatment regimens. Eight case histories are reported. In each patient, symptoms appeared to be precipitated by situations interpreted by that patient as stressful. A programme of prospective desensitization using hypnosis is described. Where symptoms of depression were additionally present, antidepressant medication was prescribed. This was subsequently phased out as and when indicated. Where patients had been taking antidiarrhoeal or antispasmodic drugs, various stool bulking agents or benzodiazepines, these were also slowly discontinued as treatment progressed. Cases were followed up from 3 months to 12 years. In 2 cases recurrence of symptoms was again successfully treated. There was no recurrence of any of the bowel symptoms in any other patient. The results support the view that the irritable bowel syndrome is psychogenic in origin.
Effects of atropine, acetylsalicylic acid, FPL 55712, and phentolamine on increased histamine responsiveness of cat lung strips under conditions of airway inflammation
Authors: P Bánovcin, P Visnovský, J Hanácek, L Plank, J Korpás
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Our recent in vitro studies on airway smooth muscles of cats with turpentine oil inflammation showed an increase of isometric tension of the lung strips to histamine application. This communication describes the effect of atropine, acetylsalicylic acid, FPL 55712, and phentolamine on the histamine contractions of the lung strips derived from control and experimental groups of cats. Pretreatment of the lung strips with atropine and acetylsalicylic acid had no significant effect on histamine induced contraction. FPL 55712 significantly decreased the mean values of isometric contractions after the low doses of histamine in experimental groups of strips. The isometric contractions after higher doses of histamine were not affected by FPL 55712 in both groups of strips. The significant increase of histamine contractions of the lung strips induced by experimental inflammation was reduced by phentolamine. The role of alpha adrenergic receptors in the increased responsiveness of the inflamed lung tissues to histamine is discussed.
Clozapine and Risperidone in Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects on Symptoms, Parkinsonian Side Effects, and Neuroendocrine Response
Authors: Alan F. Breier, Anil K. Malhotra, Tung-Ping Su, Debra A. Pinals, Igor Elman, Caleb M. Adler, R. Todd Lafargue, Allan Clifton, David Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Clozapine and risperidone were the first two "second-generation" antipsychotic drugs approved for schizophrenia. There is currently little information about their comparative efficacy from head-to-head clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative efficacy of clozapine and risperidone for positive and negative symptoms, depression, parkinsonian side effects, and indexes of neuroendocrine function in schizophrenic patients who met a priori criteria for partial response to traditional neuroleptic agents.After a baseline fluphenazine treatment period, 29 patients participated in a 6-week, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of the effects of these agents.Clozapine was superior to risperidone for positive symptoms and parkinsonian side effects, but there were no significant differences between the drugs on two measures of negative symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total scores, and depression scores. The clozapine patients, but not the risperidone patients, demonstrated significant reductions from the fluphenazine baseline in positive symptoms, total symptoms, and depression. In addition, clozapine produced fewer effects on plasma prolactin than risperidone or fluphenazine. The mean daily doses during week 6 of the trial were 403.6 mg of clozapine and 5.9 mg of risperidone.The findings from this study indicate that these drugs have both important differences and similarities in their comparative efficacy in chronically ill, partially responsive patients with schizophrenia. Further research on second-generation antipsychotic drugs in this patient population that addresses key methodological issues, such as optimal dose and treatment duration, are needed.
Alveolomucin and KL6 as markers of exogenous alveolitis progression
Authors: Galina Orlova, Elena Surkova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: to study the serum levels of Alveolomucin (Alv) and KL6 in patients with exogenous allergic (EAA) and exogenous toxic (ETA) alveolitis as a function of the disease progression.  Methods. 20 EAA patients (mean age 57,1±2,1 yrs.), 26 ETA patients (mean age 59,4±2,5 yrs.) were investigated. Main exposition factors in EAA were animals and birds (0,25), dyes and solvents (0,4), antibiotics (0,35); in ETA – metals (0,15), irritants (0,15), amiodaron and other drugs (0,4), dyes and solvents (0,3). The progression/remission the disease was observed in 14/6 cases of EAA, in 15/12 cases of ETA correspondingly. The blood levels of Alv and KL6 were detected by ELISA methods.  Results. The activity of the disease and it progression was evaluated by increased dyspnea, CT signs of ground glass, patchy shadowing, honeycombing. Lung function examination revealed the increased restrictive disorders and DLCO decreasing. Progression of the diseases was characterized by significant increase of Alv (82,17±10,19 U/ml in EAA, 116,08±23,04 U/ml in ETA) and KL6 (1900,1±381,1 U/ml in EAA, 2594,2±677,1 U/ml in ETA) levels versus remission: 19,22±5,4 U/ml, p  Conclusion. Alv, like KL6, is the marker of the activity of fibrogenic process in EAA and ETA. Determination of blood Alv and KL6 would allow timely to diagnose exacerbation and progression of exogenous alveolitis.
Dendritic cells-nerve interaction in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Duc Dung Le, Sabine Rochlitzer, Ulrike Funck, Hendrik Suhling, Robert Bals, Armin Braun, Tobias Welte, Quoc Thai Dinh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DC) play as antigen-presenting cells a decisive role within the allergic airway inflammation. The colocalisation of DC in sensory airway ganglia has been not explored so far.  The aim of the present study is to evaluate possible interactions of DC in sensory ganglia concerning calcitonin gene-related-peptides (CGRP)-expression during allergic airway inflammation.  Methods: The BALB/c mice were treated with intranasal house dust mite (HDM) extract (25µg/50µl) for 5 days a week within a total period of 7 weeks. The jugular-nodose ganglion complex was removed 24 hours after final allergen challenge and histological slices were prepared. Immunohistology was performed to detect the colocalisation of DC by MHC-II and CD11c and neurons by neuronal marker PGP 9.5.  Results: Under physiological conditions dendritic cells are found in the vagal sensory airway ganglia of the mouse and that they were significantly increased during an allergic airway inflammation (DCs/neurons: control 23.48 ± 7.613 % vs. HDM 49.75 ± 4.194 %, p = 0.0003). Additionally, an increased number of CGRP positive neurons in vagal sensory airway ganglia during allergic airway inflammation was found (CGRP positive neurons / total neurons: HDM 52.07 ± 3.040% vs. control 21.63 ± 3.799 %, p = 0.0001).  Conclusion: The finding of the presence of DC in the airway jugular-nodose ganglion indicates a role of the DC in these ganglia under physiological conditions. The increased numbers of DC and CGRP-positive neurons in these ganglia suggest the involvement of these cells the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. However, the exact functions of DC and CGRP in allergic airway inflammation remain to be explored in future studies.
Fatal case of imported human rabies in Amadora, Portugal, August 2011
Authors: A Santos, E Calé, L Dacheux, H Bourhy, J Gouveia, P Vasconcelos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We report on a case of imported human rabies in Portugal, in July 2011 in a woman who presented initially complaining of back pain, without relating exposure to animal bites. She had travelled from Portugal to Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, in April where she had been bitten by a dog on 1 May. She was diagnosed with rabies on 26 July and died two weeks later in spite of being treated following the Milwaukee protocol.
The Effects of Cocaine on Depressed Patients
Authors: ROBERT M. POST, JOEL KOTIN, FREDERICK K. GOODWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Cocaine, administered orally to patients with endogenous depressive illness, did not consistently affect vital signs or depressive symptomatology, but it did decrease rapid eye movement sleep and total sleep time. When administered intravenously in the context of a therapeutic interview, cocaine caused large, rapid increases in pulse and blood pressure concomitant with profound mobilization of affect and tearfulness. Infusions that caused lesser changes in vital signs were associated with milder degrees of affective change and less dysphoria. Thus, while cocaine was capable of eliciting positive affective change (such as calmness and elation) in depressed patients, affective flooding and dysphoric components were often admixed, indicating that cocaine's effect in this context could not be classified simply as antidepressant.
Memorable patients: Continued need for special treatment
Authors: P J Bertin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It is not known how many survivors there are from the war in the Far East. Of the 61 000 allied prisoners taken at Singapore all but between 13 000 and 16 000 survived compared with the very high mortality among native slave labourers. This was due largely to the discipline of the men and the remarkable effectiveness of the medical corps working in dreadful conditions.

This unique feat of doctoring is generally unrecognised in Britain. Not so in Australia and Thailand. One …
Phase I trial of an antisense oligonucleotide OL(1)p53 in hematologic malignancies.
Authors: M R Bishop, P L Iversen, E Bayever, J G Sharp, T C Greiner, B L Copple, R Ruddon, G Zon, J Spinolo, M Arneson, J O Armitage, A Kessinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE The phosphoprotein p53 is involved in transcriptional regulation and is detected in hematologic malignancies. In vitro incubation of acute myelogenous leukemia with OL(1)p53, a 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to p53 mRNA, results in leukemic cell death. A phase I dose-escalating trial was conducted to determine the toxicity of OL(1)p53 following systemic administration to patients with hematologic malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with either refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 6) or advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 10) participated in the trial. Patients were given OL(1)p53 at doses of 0.05 to 0.25 mg/kg/h for 10 days by continuous intravenous infusion. RESULTS No specific toxicity was directly related to the administration of OL(1)p53. One patient developed transient nonoliguric renal failure. One patient died of anthracycline-induced cardiac failure. Approximately 36% of the administered dose of OL(1)p53 was recovered intact in the urine. Plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration curves were linearly correlated with dose. Leukemic cell growth in vitro was inhibited as compared with pretreatment samples. There were no clinical complete responses. CONCLUSION A phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, OL(1)p53, can be administered systemically without complications. This type of modified oligonucleotide can be administered without complete degradation, as it was recovered from the urine intact. This oligonucleotide may be useful in combination with currently available chemotherapy agents for the treatment of malignancies.
Abstract 98: Reducing Mitochondrial, But Not Cytosolic Iron, Protects The Heart Against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury
Authors: Hsiang-Chun J Chang, Rongxue Wu, Hossein Ardehali
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Introduction: Iron is essential for the activity of a large number of cellular proteins, but excess free iron can cause cellular damage through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major site of cellular iron homeostasis, and we recently showed the mitochondrial iron export is mediated by ATP-binding cassette protein-B8 (ABCB8). The role of mitochondrial iron in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart has not been examined. We hypothesize that mitochondrial iron has a critical role in I/R damage and a reduction of mitochondrial iron is protective against I/R injury through a reduction in ROS. Results: Cardiomyocyte-specific ABCB8 transgenic (TG) mice had significantly lower mitochondrial iron in the heart than nontransgenic (NTG) littermates at baseline, but their cardiac function and the expression of key antioxidant systems were indistinguishable from NTG littermates. To study the role of mitochondrial iron in I/R injury, we subjected ABCB8 TG mice to I/R. TG mice displayed significantly less apoptosis compared to NTG littermates (11.76% vs. 17.63%, p&lt;0.05, n=4-6) and had significantly reduced lipid peroxidation products 48 hours after I/R. To further confirm that our in vivo finding was due to reduced mitochondrial iron, we studied the effect of pharmacological reduction of mitochondrial iron in vitro. 2,2-bipyridyl (BPD) is a mitochondria-accessible iron chelator while deferoxamine (DFO) has poor penetrance into mitochondria. Treating rat cardiomyoblasts H9C2 with BPD but not DFO significantly reduced chelatable mitochondrial iron, as measured by staining cells with rhodamine B-[(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester. In addition, BPD but not DFO pretreatment protected cells against H2O2 induced cell death (p&lt;0.05). BPD treatment in mice decreased baseline mitochondrial iron and significantly preserved cardiac function after I/R. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that selective reduction in mitochondrial iron is protective in I/R injury, and show that mitochondrial iron is a source of ROS and cellular damage in I/R. Thus, targeting mitochondrial iron with selective iron chelators, as studied in our system, may provide a novel approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
CTLA‐4Ig–Induced T Cell Anergy Promotes Wnt‐10b Production and Bone Formation in a Mouse Model
Authors: Susanne Roser‐Page, Tatyana Vikulina, Majd Zayzafoon, M. Neale Weitzmann
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by severe joint erosion and systemic osteoporosis. Chronic T cell activation is a hallmark of RA, and agents that target the CD28 receptor on T cells, which is required for T cell activation, are being increasingly used as therapies for RA and other inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes play complex roles in the regulation of the skeleton, and although activated T cells and B cells secrete cytokines that promote skeletal decline, under physiologic conditions lymphocytes also have key protective roles in the stabilization of skeletal mass. Consequently, disruption of T cell costimulation may have unforeseen consequences for physiologic bone turnover. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of pharmacologic CD28 T cell costimulation blockade on physiologic bone turnover and structure. Methods C57BL6 mice were treated with CTLA‐4Ig, a pharmacologic CD28 antagonist or with irrelevant control antibody (Ig), and serum biochemical markers of bone turnover were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density and indices of bone structure were further measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry and micro–computed tomography, respectively, and static and dynamic indices of bone formation were quantified using bone histomorphometry. Results Pharmacologic disruption of CD28 T cell costimulation in mice significantly increased bone mass and enhanced indices of bone structure, a consequence of enhanced bone formation, concurrent with enhanced secretion of the bone anabolic factor Wnt‐10b by T cells. Conclusion Inhibition of CD28 costimulation by CTLA‐4Ig promotes T cell Wnt‐10b production and bone formation and may represent a novel anabolic strategy for increasing bone mass in osteoporotic conditions.