tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-235 Impact of hyperglycemia on myocardium at risk and salvage in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and the association with exenatide treatment
Authors: Jacob T. Lønborg, Henning Kelbaek, Niels G. Vejlstrup, Lars Nepper-Christensen, Lene Holmvang, Erik Jorgensen, Steffen Helqvist, Kari Saunamäki, Won Y. Kim, Hans Erik Boetker, Peter Clemmensen, Marek Treiman, Thomas Engstrøm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Depression in the Hospitalized Inpatient with Various Medical Illnesses
Authors: Stephanie von Ammon Cavanaugh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The amount of depressive symptomatology in the medical population is high. Most of the symptomatology is, however, mild and probably represents an adjustment disorder with depression as a result of illness and hospitalization. Routine screening for depression in the hospitalized medically ill patient appears to be useful, given poor physician recognition of not only mild, but severe depressive symptomatology. Affective and cognitive symptoms of depression are the most discriminating for severe depression. Patients with bone and connective tissue disease, gastrointestinal disease, neurological disease, respiratory disease, and cancer appear to be the groups of diseases at greatest risk for serious depression in a tertiary care setting in the United States.
Cryogenic Surgery
Authors: Irving S. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FOR more than a century there have been sporadic reports indicating the potential usefulness of cooling or freezing biologic tissues to produce controlled physiologic inhibition or anatomic destruction.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Heretofore, however, the lack of adequate instrumentation has prevented the realization of the potential value of extreme cold as a surgical tool.It is the purpose of this report to describe a complete cryogenic surgical system for cooling or freezing localized areas of biologic tissue. This system encompasses all the characteristics essential for the use of extreme cold for production of physiologic inhibition in tissues such as brain, endocrine organs or heart . . .
Human sexual dimorphism, fitness display, and ovulatory cycle effects
Authors: Jon A. Sefcek, Donald F. Sacco
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Social roles theorists claim that differences between the sexes are of limited consequence. Such misperceptions lead to misunderstanding the important role of sexual selection in explaining phenotypic differences both between species and within humans. Countering these claims, we explain how sexual dimorphism in humans affect expressions of artistic display and patterns of male and female aggression across the ovulatory cycle.
Controversies: Does the CD4+ Cell Count Reflect Clinical Efficacy?-Reply
Authors: Jay A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The response by Drs Kinloch-de-Loës and colleagues to my Controversies reiterates the difficulty in knowing whether surrogate markers give a true insight into a clinical benefit. I maintain my premise that drug therapy should mimic the natural cellular immune responses associated with low viral RNA to control HIV and sustain a longterm asymptomatic course. Kinloch-de-Loës et al emphasized neutralizing antibodies, but these most likely have no effect on a clinical course: the cellular immune response is the major component in preventing progression to disease. My emphasis has been on approaches to increase this cellular immune activity, which can control HIV by a variety of mechanisms, particularly suppression of virus replication.<sup>1</sup>This comment, however, does not negate the conclusion by Kinloch-de-Loës et al (with which I agree) that a treatment regimen needs to be judged by its clinical effectiveness, not by any particular measure, although the reason for the effectiveness
A new lignan and active compounds inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway from Caulis Trachelospermi
Authors: Chencheng Zhu, Ling Jing, Nengjiang Yu, Xuedong Yang, Yimin Zhao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

A new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan named matairesinol 4′-O-β-d-cellobioside (1), together with a known compound (7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (2) was isolated from Caulis Trachelospermi. The extract of Caulis Trachelospermi, which was separated by 80% alcohol extraction and subsequent HP-20 macroporous resin column chromatography, and its main components trachelogenin (3), nortrachelogenin (4), matairesinol (5) showed moderate inhibiting activities on NF-κB signaling pathway induced by TNFα, with the IC50 values of 17.7 μg/mL, 17.9 μM, 49.4 μM and 29.1 μM, respectively.
Marrow erythroid and neutrophil cellularity in the dog.
Authors: K A Deubeleiss, J T Dancey, L A Harker, B Cheney, C A Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

This paper describes a method for determining the number of marrow erythroid and neutrophil cells in which the cellularity of marrow sections was related to that of the total marrow by radioiron dilution. Tissue sections were prepared from methacrylate-embedded dog marrow biopsies, and neutrophils were identified by staining of their primary granules. After correction of direct section counts for multiple counting error, accurate neutrophil-erythroid ratios were established with a coefficient of variation of less than 10 percent when 10-4 cells were examined. An average neutrophil-erythroid ratio of 1.2 was found in six normal dogs. The total number of nucleated red cells in the dog was 5.48 plus or minus 0.78 times 10-9/kg (plus or minus 1 SD), and the corresponding erythron iron turnover was 0.90 plus or minus 0.11 mg Fe/100 ml whole blood/day. The total number of marrow neutrophils, derived from the neutrophil-erythroid ratio, was 6.6 plus or minus 0.59 times 10-9 cells/kg, of which 1.4 were promyelocytes and myelocytes, 2.3 were metamyelocytes and bands, and 3.0 were segmented neutrophils. Leukopheresis studies were carried out in six dogs to confirm the accuracy of these cellular measurements. Marrow counts showed a mean decrease of 22.7 times 10-9 cells or 35 percent of the postmitotic neutrophil pool, and it was calculated that 10.2 times 10-9 additional cells had been taken from already circulating blood. This estimated deficit of 32.9 times 10-9 was almost identical to the 33 times 10-9 cells actually counted in the removed blood.
Cytokine-stimulated secretion of group II phospholipase A2 by rat mesangial cells. Its contribution to arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin synthesis by cultured rat glomerular cells.
Authors: J Pfeilschifter, C Schalkwijk, V A Briner, H van den Bosch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Potent pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha have been found to increase group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) synthesis and secretion by mesangial cells. In all cases 85-90% of the enzyme is secreted from the cells and a parallel increase in prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis is observed. We report here that co-incubation with a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and neutralizes rat group II PLA2 attenuates IL-1 beta and TNF alpha-stimulated PGE2 production by 45% and 52%, respectively. CGP43182, a specific inhibitor of group II PLA2, potently blocks mesangial cell group II PLA2 in vitro with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.5 microM, while only slightly affecting mesangial cell high molecular weight PLA2. CGP 43182 markedly attenuates IL-1 beta- and TNF alpha-stimulated PGE2 synthesis in intact mesangial cells with IC50's of 1.3 and 1.0 microM, respectively. PLA2 secreted from cytokine-stimulated mesangial cells was purified to homogeneity. Addition of the purified enzyme to unstimulated mesangial cells causes a marked release of arachidonic acid and a subsequent increased synthesis of PGE2. Moreover, addition of purified PLA2 to a cloned rat glomerular epithelial cell line and cultured bovine glomerular endothelial cells augmented both arachidonic acid release and PGE2 synthesis, with the endothelial cells being especially sensitive. Thus, cytokine-triggered synthesis and secretion of group II PLA2 by mesangial cells contributes, at least in part, to the observed synthesis of PGE2 that occurs in parallel to the enzyme secretion. Furthermore, extracellular PLA2 secreted by mesangial cells is able to stimulate arachidonic acid release and PGE2 synthesis by the adjacent endothelial and epithelial cells. These data suggest that expression and secretion of group II PLA2 triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines may crucially participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes within the glomerulus.
A CASE OF GAS GANGRENE TREATED BY INFILTRATION OF THE TISSUES WITH PERMANGANATE SOLUTION
Authors: Frederick C. Warnshuis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

B. B., a white man, aged 58, was brought to Butterworth Hospital, Dec. 16, 1933, at 1 p. m. from a railroad right of way, where he had been struck by a train. The right leg was frightfully mangled and, except for a band of skin, was severed at its midpoint. Measures to combat shock were immediately instituted and an amputation about four inches below the knee accomplished as soon as possible. The postoperative course was not remarkable until the third day, when the patient became irrational, with a temperature of 104. At 3 p. m. of this day definite crepitation was elicited along the medial aspect of the amputation stump. The patient was isolated and all sutures were removed from the stump, leaving the wound wide open. A continuous drip of permanganate solution 1: 1,000 was started into the wound. The crepitant area of the leg was infiltrated with
New Drugs for Hypertension
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Dr. O'Brien's article in the current issue is of interest because it permits a comparison of the British approach with the American methods of management of hypertension. There are many points of similarity. In both countries there is a trend away from time consuming and expensive diagnostic work-up for curable forms of hypertension. Also, the British, like us, are undecided on whether to treat patients with mild hypertension.  The striking differences between British methods of treatment and ours lie in the choice of drugs. The mainstays of our therapeutic armamentarium are the thiazide diuretics, reserpine, methyldopa, hydralazine hydrochloride, and guanethidine sulfate. Dr. O'Brien advocates the use of only two of these three agents, methyldopa and the thiazide diuretics. He has replaced the other drugs with new agents such as bethanidine, debrisoquine, and propranolol hydrochloride.  In this country, bethanidine and debrisoquine have not been approved for marketing. Although propranolol is available,
Epigenetic Inactivation of <b> <i>TMS1/ASC</i> </b> in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katsuhiko Terasawa, Satoru Sagae, Minoru Toyota, Kuniko Tsukada, Kazuhiro Ogi, Ayumi Satoh, Hiroaki Mita, Kohzoh Imai, Takashi Tokino, Ryuichi Kudo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The purpose of this work was to explore the role of epigenetic inactivation of apoptotic pathways in ovarian cancer by examining the DNA methylation and expression status of four proapoptotic genes in primary ovarian cancers and cancer cell lines and to correlate those findings with the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer patients.Genomic DNA was isolated from 15 ovarian cancer cell lines, 80 primary ovarian cancer specimens, and 4 normal ovary specimens using phenol-chloroform extraction. The methylation status of the DNA was evaluated using combined bisulfite restriction analysis, gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription-PCR, and histone acetylation was evaluated using chromatin immunoprecipitation.Of the four proapoptotic genes studied, expression of TMS1/ASC was absent in six ovarian cancer cell lines. Dense methylation of the 5' region of TMS1/ASC was detected in cells not expressing TMS1/ASC. Treating methylated cells with 5-aza-deoxycytidine restored gene expression, confirming the role of methylation in silencing the gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed histone to be deacetylated in cells not expressing TMS1/ASC, indicating that histone deacetylation is also involved in silencing TMS1/ASC. Aberrant methylation of TMS1/ASC was detected in 15 of 80 ovarian cancer tissues (19%) but in none of the normal ovary specimens. Aberrant methylation of TMS1/ASC was observed significantly more often in clear cell-type ovarian cancers than in other tumor types (P < 0.0001).Methylation-mediated silencing of TMS1/ASC confers a survival advantage to tumor cells by enabling them to escape apoptosis. The role for aberrant methylation in human ovarian tumorigenesis may be particularly important for ovarian cancers with the clear cell phenotype.
Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Ronald I. Nooter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article in<i>JAMA</i>, Oesterling et al<sup>1</sup>describe a randomly chosen population of 537 asymptomatic men between 40 and 79 years of age who participated in a clinical examination including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and TRUS-guided biopsies on indication. Only 88% of these men formed the study population, since 61 men (11%) did not complete the investigations and five men (1%) were found to have prostatic carcinoma. The data of Oesterling et al are compatible with those of the Rotterdam feasibility study of screening for prostate carcinoma in 548 men between 55 and 75 years of age, published by Kirkels et al.<sup>2</sup>Although the correlation of serum PSA concentration with age was only.<sup>21</sup>in the study by Kirkels et al, the correlation of prostatic volume with age and PSA concentration was the same as in the
Identification of adverse reactions to new drugs. I: What have been the important adverse reactions since thalidomide?
Authors: G R Venning
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A consensus process was used to establish an agreed list of important adverse reactions to drugs identified since thalidomide. Ten physicians working in medicine in Britain and 10 physicians responsible for drug regulatory agencies in different countries were asked to list 10 important adverse reactions to drugs since thalidomide. From these 20 lists a measure of agreement was apparent. Eighteen important adverse reactions were identified for further study of the discovery processes now operating and of the delays occurring from marketing to alerting, from alerting to verification, and from verification to regulatory action. The results suggest that an empirical review of this type is necessary as a starting point for discussion of better systems to reduce delays in the discovery of adverse reactions to new drugs.
In Vivo Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine
Authors: WALTER A. GOETZ, WILLIAM R. HENDEE, DAVID L. GILDAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic tests in children is increasing and interest in these is evidenced by the addition of scientific sessions devoted to pediatric medicine at annual meetings of The Society of Nuclear Medicine and by the increase in the literature on pediatric dosimetry. Data presented in this paper describe the actual pediatric nuclear medicine experience from 26 nationally representative U.S. hospitals and provide an overview of the pediatric procedures being performed the types of radiopharmaceuticals being used, and the activity levels being administered.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in AIDS
Authors: J E Keunen, A Rothova
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. A 35-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with floaters and blurred vision in both eyes. In the left eye (Panel A), the white wedge-shaped areas with accompanying hemorrhage along the inferior vascular arcade (arrows) represent necrosis of the retina. The arrowhead points to the optic disk. In the right eye (Panel B), the peripheral retina shows white sheathing along the blood vessels, so-called frosted-branch sheathing (arrows), a finding characteristic of vasculitis but not pathognomonic for cytomegalovirus retinitis.The patient was treated with intravenous ganciclovir. The retinal lesions regressed, and vision improved. Six months later, the patient . . .
Discharge frequencies of parasternal intercostal and scalene motor units during breathing in normal and COPD subjects.
Authors: S C Gandevia, J B Leeper, D K McKenzie, A De Troyer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To determine whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contract the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage more strongly than do healthy subjects, we recorded the discharge frequencies of single motor units in the scalene and second parasternal intercostal muscles of seven patients with stable COPD (FEV1 = 33 +/- 13% predicted, mean +/- SD) and seven control subjects. Recordings were made with insulated monopolar electrodes during resting breathing, and single motor-unit discharges were identified with a customized method based on "template" matching. A total of 211 motor units were recorded in the control subjects and 260 in the patients. The inspiratory discharge frequencies were greater in the COPD patients than in the control subjects for both the parasternal (13.4 versus 10.1 Hz, p < 0.05) and scalene (11.4 versus 8.5 Hz, p < 0.02) muscles. Recording sites at which no motor units were recruited were more common in the control subjects than in the patients (p < 0.001). The sternomastoid muscle was silent in both subject groups. Therefore, effective central neural drive is increased to both the scalene and parasternal intercostal muscles but not to the sternomastoid muscle in patients with COPD.
Sunlight, keratotic skin lesions and skin cancer in renal transplant recipients
Authors: J.N.BOUWES BAVINCK, A.DE BOER, B.J. VERMEER, M.M. HARTEVELT, F.J.VAN DER WOUDE, F.H.J. CLAAS, R. WOLTERBEEK, J.P. VANDENBROUCKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

In a retrospective follow-up study, 36 renal transplant recipients with, and 101 without, skin cancer, who had received their first transplant before January 1981 and who were still alive with a functioning graft on 1 August 1989, were assessed to determine the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in relation to exposure to sunlight during childhood and adolescence. The contribution of the number of keratotic skin lesions to the skin cancer risk was also assessed. The estimated relative risks (odds ratios) of skin cancer in relation to exposure to sunlight and the presence of keratotic skin lesions were calculated by maximum likelihood estimation in a logistic model. The majority of skin cancers and keratotic skin lesions were confined to sun-exposed skin. After adjustment for possible confounding variables, the odds ratios of skin cancer for moderate and high cumulative life-time exposure to sunlight, respectively, compared with low exposure, were 2·4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0·64-9·3) and 47·6 (95% CI 5·4-418). Exposure to sunlight before the age of 30 contributed more to the risk of developing skin cancer later in life than exposure after the age of 30. No association was found between cumulative life-time exposure to sunlight and the number of keratotic skin lesions. Nevertheless, these lesions behaved as a strong independent risk factor in the development of skin cancer. The adjusted odds ratio of skin cancer for 50-99 lesions compared with >50 lesions was 4·5 (95% CI 1·1-18·2); the adjusted odds ratio for ≥100 lesions compared with >50 lesions was 20·8 (95% CI 5·3-81·7). We conclude that exposure to sunlight before the age of 30 contributes more to the risk of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients than exposure after the age of 30. Cumulative life-time exposure to sunlight does not appear to be associated with an increased number of keratotic skin lesions in these patients. The preferential localization of such lesions on sun-exposed skin suggests a possible role of recently received exposure to sunlight in the development of these lesions.
The presentation of a hepatitis C viral peptide by distinct major histocompatibility complex class I allotypes from two chimpanzee species.
Authors: S Cooper, H Kowalski, A L Erickson, K Arnett, A M Little, C M Walker, P Parham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line, derived from the liver of a common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) with hepatitis C, specifically recognized a hepatitis C viral 9-mer peptide (KHP-DATYSR in single-letter amino acid code) bound by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, Patr-A04. This same CTL line also recognized the identical peptide bound by a structurally different class I molecule, Papa-A06, derived from the separate chimpanzee species, Pan paniscus or pygmy chimpanzee. These class I allotypes differ by six amino acids but, in spite of the structural differences, share the same antigen-presenting function. This is the first observation of antigen presentation to a given T cell receptor by different MHC class I allotypes from separate species.
Phenotypic analysis of alveolar macrophages and monocytes in allergic airway inflammation. I. Evidence for activation of alveolar macrophages, but not peripheral blood monocytes, in subjects with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Authors: M Y Viksman, M C Liu, C A Bickel, R P Schleimer, B S Bochner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Macrophages and monocytes play important proinflammatory roles in allergic inflammation. We hypothesized that these cells would express an activated phenotype in allergic disease of the airways. We therefore compared the expression of 17 activation markers on the surface of alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) in 13 subjects with asymptomatic allergic asthma (AA), nine subjects with asymptomatic allergic rhinitis (AR), and 11 nonallergic (N). AM were obtained by BAL, and PBM were simultaneously obtained by phlebotomy; both were analyzed for expression of surface markers using a new two-color flow cytometry method that essentially eliminates background autofluorescence. The proportions of AM in BAL fluid from AA, AR, and N subjects were 84 +/- 2, 85 +/- 4, and 91 +/- 1%, respectively; viability always exceeded 92%. Expression of eight markers (CD16, CD18, CD32, CD44, CD71, HLA Class I, HLA DR, and HLA DQ) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on AM of AA than on N; expression of six markers (CD11a, CD16, CD18, CD71, HLA Class I, and HLA DR) was higher on AM of AR than on N, with differences in CD44 levels approaching statistical significance (p = 0.07). Expression of one marker, CD44, was significantly higher on AM of AA than on those of AR, with differences in HLA Class I levels approaching statistical significance (p = 0.07). In contrast, no significant differences were found among the three groups in the expression in eight other markers (CD11b, CD14, CD23, CD29, CD33, CD35, CD63, and CD64). Finally, similar analysis of PBM from these same subjects failed to find any difference between the three groups in any of the 17 activation markers studied. These data suggest that AM are activated in allergic respiratory diseases, and that levels of HLA Class I and CD44 on AM are altered during allergic inflammation in the upper and lower airways.
A late diagnosis
Authors: William Mason
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An 82 year old man was taken to casualty after being in a car crash. He had a fractured sternum but had no neck pain, and his cervical spine was cleared clinically. Over the next few days, however, he developed neck discomfort, mild weakness of his right hand, and intermittent paraesthesiae of his fingers. He mentioned these symptoms several weeks later in a follow-up clinic for the sternal fracture. Examination revealed kyphosis of the lower cervical spine, no tenderness, and a …