tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Panic Attacks and Phobic States
Authors: M R Liebowitz, D F Klein
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1981)

Recent advances in our understanding of and ability to treat panic disorders and various types of phobia have been reviewed. A case of agoraphobia was presented in detail to illustrate clinical issues and serve as a basis for discussing differential diagnosis. The presence or absence of spontaneous panic attacks has crucial implications for classifying phobic states. Data and speculations concerning the pathophysiology of agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobia were also presented. Finally, a variety of pharmacological and behavioral treatment approaches, some solidly established, other still investigational, were discussed.
OUTCOMES OF RING VERSUS SUTURE ANNULOPLASTY FOR TRICUSPID VALVE REPAIR IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MITRAL VALVE SURGERY: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE?
Authors: Sung Ho Shinn, Hartzell Schaff, Soon Park, Joseph Dearani, Lyle Joyce, Kevin Greason, Harold Burkhart, John Stulak, Richard Daly, Rakesh Suri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
75 MYOFIBROBLASTS PROVIDE HEDGEHOG PARACRINE SIGNALS THAT DRIVE CHOLANGIOCYTES TO RECRUIT NKT CELLS TO PORTAL TRACTS
Authors: A. Omenetti, W.-K. Syn, Y. Jung, R.P. Witek, S.S. Choi, A.M. Diehl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
P-selectin and platelet-activating factor mediate initial endotoxin-induced neutropenia.
Authors: A F Coughlan, H Hau, L C Dunlop, M C Berndt, W W Hancock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation within damaged tissues, a hallmark of acute inflammation, is dependent upon initial adhesion to endothelial cells. In vitro studies suggest that P-selectin and platelet activating factor (PAF) are key molecules in this process by promoting the initial adhesion of PMN to endothelial cells. We report in vivo studies in which intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to anesthetized rats caused a very rapid onset (&amp;lt; 5 min) of neutropenia, in association with induction of surface expression of P-selectin on microvascular endothelial cells in kidney, liver and lung; analogous induction of P-selectin expression by cultured endothelial cells was observed in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. In addition, treatment with an antibody (Ab) to P-selectin (or use of a PAF antagonist) blocked development of neutropenia in vivo for at least 15 min post-LPS injection, and Ab treatment was shown to block PMN accumulation in tissues. These studies document roles for P-selectin and PAF in the early adhesion of PMN to endothelial cells in vivo.
Fatty Acid Synthase and Cancer: New Application of an Old Pathway
Authors: Francis P. Kuhajda
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Fatty acid synthase (FAS), the sole mammalian enzyme capable of de novo fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed in most human carcinomas. FAS is associated with poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancer, is elaborated into the blood of cancer patients, and its inhibition is selectively cytotoxic to human cancer cells. Thus, FAS and fatty acid metabolism in cancer has become a focus for the potential diagnosis and treatment of cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 5977-80)
The Use of Xenon-133 Ventilation Scan Performed Immediately After Tc-99m MAA Perfusion Scan
Authors: MOSHE BOCHER, NAZEH SHIBLEY, ROLAND CHISIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by radionuclide studies is made more probable when a perfusion defect seen on a perfusion scan is unmatched on a ventilation scan. Xe-133 has the advantage of showing three phases of ventilation: wash-in, equilibrium, and wash-out. Performing Xe-133 ventilation and Tc-99m MAA perfusion scans in the same session, however, imposes a major constraint: the ventilation scan should be performed before the perfusion scan. Thus, many laboratories start ventilation-perfusion scans with a ventilation study obtaining a posterior view of the lungs. Therefore, if a perfusion defect is mainly anterior, it is impossible to determine whether the patient has a matched or a mismatched ventilation-perfusion abnormality. The use of a simple method for relating ventilation findings to perfusions abnormalities, as first observed on the perfusion scan, is suggested. This procedure is described below. After performing a usual perfusion study and after determining which lung view best demonstrates the eventual defect, a 60-second frame acquisition of the Tc-99m MAA radioactivity present in the lungs is done using the Xe-133 window (80 Kev ±15) with the patient in the same position. The image will show Tc-99m scattering into the Xenon window. Another acquisition is then done for 60 seconds while the patient inhales Xe-133. Subtracting the Tc-99m scattering image from the Xe-133 image results in pure ventilatory information. Figure 1 shows how this technique demonstrated the existence of a mismatched ventilation-perfusion defect in the right middle lobe.
Junior doctors are still hard pressed BMA's concern over performance bill Junior doctors to retain employment rights GPs urged to take part in out of hours ballot
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Junior doctors are still hard pressed {#article-title-2}

More than 96% of junior doctors now comply with the new deal targets for contracted hours, according to a parliamentary written reply. The number of hard pressed on call posts contracted for more than 72 hours a week—which should have been eliminated by the end of last year—was 771 in February. A year earlier it was 6524. The rate at which these posts are being eliminated more than doubled in the previous four months.

Health minister Gerald Malone, who gave the figures, said that the regions were making good progress in reducing junior doctors' hours, but there was still more work to be done. He believed that a ceiling on contracted hours had been established, though there were still too many junior doctors under pressure to work too long. A total of 1776 doctors in non-onerous posts were still contracted for more than 72 hours a week. Mr Malone said that the priority was to ensure that no junior doctor worked on average for more than 56 hours a week.

Regional figures for hard pressed posts contracted for more than 72 hours range from nil in the North West Regional Health Authority to 189 in Anglia and Oxford. The details are: Northern and Yorkshire 162; Trent 60; Anglia and Oxford 189; North Thames 178; South Thames 95; South and West 20; West Midlands 67; North West 0. Total: 771.

Commenting on the figures the chairman of the BMA's Junior Doctors Committee, Dr Andrew Carney, said that while working conditions had improved the new deal as a whole has not been delivered on time with …
The Development of the Feighner Criteria: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Rodrigo A. Muñoz, George Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

This essay outlines the historical context in which the Feighner criteria emerged; reconstructs, as far as possible, the process by which the criteria were developed; and traces the influence the criteria had on subsequent developments in American psychiatry. In the 1950s, when American psychiatry under psychoanalytic dominance had little interest in psychiatric diagnosis, Edwin Gildea recruited to the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University faculty who advocated a medical model for psychiatry in which diagnosis had a central role. In 1967, at the urging of the then-resident John Feighner, a discussion group led by Eli Robins and including Sam Guze, George Winokur, Robert Woodruff, and Rod Muñoz began meeting with the initial goal of writing a review of prior key contributions to psychiatric diagnosis. In their meetings over the next year, the task soon shifted to the development of a set of new diagnostic criteria. For three diagnoses, major depression, antisocial personality disorder, and alcoholism, the authors could identify the original criteria from which this group worked and the rationale for many of the changes they introduced. Published in 1972, the Feighner criteria were soon widely cited and used in research, and they formed the basis for the development of the Research Diagnostic Criteria, which in turn were central to the development of DSM-III. The team that developed the Feighner criteria made three key contributions to psychiatry: the systematic use of operationalized diagnostic criteria; the reintroduction of an emphasis on illness course and outcome; and an emphasis on the need, whenever possible, to base diagnostic criteria on empirical evidence.
Sooba Rama Deenadayalu
Authors: Y K Seedat
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Durban, South Africa (b 1914; q Newcastle upon Tyne 1941; DCH), d 20 October 2003.

Sooba Rama Deenadayalu entered general practice in 1942 and was actively associated with St Aidan's Indian Mission Hospital, Durban. He was a trustee of the Indian Medical Services Trust and from 1946 onwards played an important role in persuading Indian parents to permit their daughters to train as nurses and participated in plans to provide financial assistance and bursaries. In 1969 he was appointed deputy superintendent of R K Khan Hospital, Durban, for two years. He leaves three children.
Genetic diversity of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma
Authors: Y W Asmann, M J Maurer, C Wang, V Sarangi, S M Ansell, A L Feldman, G S Nowakowski, M Manske, T Price-Troska, Z-Z Yang, S L Slager, T M Habermann, J R Cerhan, A J Novak
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and often follows an indolent disease course with slow progression.1, 2 However, patients may develop resistant disease; in addition, transformation to a more aggressive subtype of lymphoma occurs at a rate of 2–3% per year.3, 4, 5, 6 FL arises from germinal center B cells and the most common molecular defect is t(14;18)(q32;q21) in 85–90% of the cases, which results in the IGH-BCL2 fusion gene and the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic oncogene BCL2.7 However, the t(14;18) is also observed in healthy individuals and FL patients who are in long-term remission2 suggesting the existence of additional genomic alternations that impact disease course. Recently, massive parallel exome or whole genome sequencing of FL tumors and follow-up validation studies have discovered that point mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation and chromatin modification, including MLL2, EZH2, CREBBP, EP300 and MEF2B, dominate the FL landscape.8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Mutations in JAK-STAT pathway genes and B-cell receptor (BCR)/NF-κB signaling genes have also been identified, but with lower frequencies.11
Endoscopic Enucleation of Small Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors from the Stomach
Authors: C. Goessl, W. Hempfling, B. Hoppe, M. Stolte, N. Frank
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We present here our experience with three patients who underwent endoscopic examination of the stomach for reasons unrelated to tumor diagnosis or treatment. They were all found to have submucosal tumors as incidental findings. Endosonographic examination showed that these tumors originated from the muscularis propria layer. We injected 4-6 ml of saline solution into the submucosal layer before a 5-mm incision was made into the mucosal layer on top of the tumor using a needle-knife, while avoiding cutting into the tumor itself. An insulated-tip knife was used to extend the incision, according to the tumor size, and the tumor was then enucleated using the insulated-tip knife and biopsy forceps (Figures [1], [2]).
Battling Insulin Resistance in Elderly Obese People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karen A. Willey, Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Exercise improves insulin resistance and has beneficial effects in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. However, aerobic exercise is hindered in many type 2 diabetic patients because of advancing age, obesity, and other comorbid conditions. Weight lifting or progressive resistance training (PRT) offers a safe and effective exercise alternative for these people. PRT promotes favorable energy balance and reduced visceral fat deposition through enhanced basal metabolism and activity levels while counteracting age- and disease-related muscle wasting. PRT improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control; increases muscle mass, strength, and endurance; and has positive effects on bone density, osteoarthritic symptoms, mobility impairment, self-efficacy, hypertension, and lipid profiles. PRT also alleviates symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in individuals with clinical depression and improves exercise tolerance in individuals with cardiac ischemic disease and congestive heart failure; all of these aspects are relevant to the care of diabetic elders. Moreover, PRT is safe and well accepted in many complex patient populations, including very frail elderly individuals and those with cardiovascular disease. The greater feasibility of using PRT over aerobic exercise in elderly obese type 2 diabetic individuals because of concomitant cardiovascular, arthritic, and other disease provides a solid rationale for investigating the global benefits of PRT in the management of diabetes.
Galectin‐10 mRNA is overexpressed in peripheral blood of aspirin‐induced asthma
Authors: G. Devouassoux, A. Pachot, L. Laforest, J. Diasparra, N. Freymond, E. Van Ganse, B. Mougin, Y. Pacheco
Journal: Allergy (2007)

In sensitive patients, aspirin is associated with nasal and bronchial inflammation, eliciting local symptoms. Although the disease is clinically well characterized, its physiopathology is incompletely understood and noninvasive procedures, allowing an effective distinction between aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) and aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) are missing.The aims of the study were to compare AIA and ATA cohorts for clinical characteristics and to screen peripheral blood for differential mRNA expression.Patients experiencing symptoms following aspirin ingestion were considered as aspirin sensitive. Peripheral blood was collected to quantify mRNA expression, using microarray technology and quantitative RT-PCR.Data indicated that AIA and ATA share large number of similarities for clinical phenotype. Screening of mRNA expression using microarray showed an overexpression of galectin-10 mRNA in AIA (AIA/ATA ratio = 1.9, P < 0.05). Results were confirmed using qRT-PCR. A positive correlation was established between microarray and qRT-PCR results for galectin-10 mRNA expression (r = 0.92, P < 0.0001). Finally, qRT-PCR results were validated on a subset of asthmatics and controls, showing an increased expression of galectin-10 mRNA in AIA vs ATA (P < 0.001) and vs controls (P < 0.01).Our results demonstrate that AIA and ATA remain difficult to distinguish using clinical criteria. Employing two molecular biological methods, we demonstrate that galectin-10 mRNA is overexpressed in AIA, suggesting a novel candidate gene and a potentially innovative pathway for mucosal inflammation in aspirin intolerance.
Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Plus Nadolol and Sucralfate Compared With Ligation Alone for the Prevention of Variceal Rebleeding: A Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Gin-Ho Lo, Kwok-Hung Lai, Jin-Shiung Cheng, Mei-Hsiu Chen, Hui-Chun Huang, Ping-I Hsu, Chiun-Ku Lin
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Both β-blockers and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) have proven to be valuable alternatives to sclerotherapy in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Sucralfate is a mucosal protector. The effects of combinations of β-blocker, band ligation, and sucralfate (triple therapy) remain unknown. A total of 122 patients with a history of esophageal variceal bleeding were randomized to receive EVL only (group A, 62 patients) or triple therapy (group B, 60 patients). The procedure for the triple therapy included ligation with the addition of sucralfate granules until variceal obliteration. In addition, nadolol was administered during the course of the study or until death. After a median follow-up of 21 months, recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 29 patients (47%) in group A and 14 patients (23%) in group B ( P = .005). Recurrent bleeding from esophagogastric varices occurred in 18 patients in group A and 7 patients in group B ( P = .001). Twenty-one patients in group A (50%) and 12 patients (26%) in group B experienced variceal recurrence after variceal obliteration ( P &lt; .05). Treatment failure occurred in 11 patients (18%) in group A and in 4 patients (7%) in group B ( P = .05). Twenty patients from group A and 10 patients from group B died ( P = .08); 9 and 4 of these deaths, respectively, were attributed to variceal hemorrhage ( P = .26). The combination of ligation, nadolol, and sucralfate (triple therapy) proved more effective than banding ligation alone in terms of prevention of variceal recurrence and upper gastrointestinal rebleeding as well as variceal rebleeding.
Lipid nanoparticles for hepatic delivery of small interfering RNA
Authors: Bo Yu, Shu Hao Hsu, Chenguang Zhou, Xinmei Wang, Megan C. Terp, Yun Wu, Lesheng Teng, Yicheng Mao, Feng Wang, Weiming Xue, Samson T. Jacob, Kalpana Ghoshal, Robert J. Lee, Ly J. Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Prevalence of asthma, atopy, and bronchial hyperreactivity in bronchiectasis: a controlled study.
Authors: J Pang, H S Chan, J Y Sung
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The prevalence of atopic diseases and bronchial reactivity to histamine and methacholine was determined in 36 patients with bronchiectasis and in 36 control patients matched for age, sex, and smoking history. There was no difference in the prevalence of asthma, other atopic diseases, family history of atopic diseases, or positive responses to skinprick tests (nine versus five) in the two groups. The prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity, however, was significantly higher in the group with bronchiectasis than in the control group for both histamine (7 v 0 patients) and methacholine (6 v 0 patients). The group with bronchiectasis had more airflow obstruction (mean FEV1 67% predicted), but there was no correlation between spirometric indices and log PD20 (the log dose of histamine or methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1). This suggests that, although reduced airway calibre may be a factor underlying bronchial hyperreactivity in bronchiectasis, it is not the only mechanism. Further studies are needed to determine whether bronchial hyperreactivity has a causative role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis or whether it occurs as a result of the disease.
Cardio-respiratory fitness of young and older active and sedentary men.
Authors: L A Steinhaus, R E Dustman, R O Ruhling, R Y Emmerson, S C Johnson, D E Shearer, J W Shigeoka, W H Bonekat
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

Physiological profiles are described for 30 healthy young (20-31 years) and 30 healthy older (50-62 years) men. Half of the individuals in each group reported that during the previous five years they participated frequently in strenuous physical exercises; the other half reported sedentary lifestyles. A treadmill exercise test was used to determine maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured during rest, maximal exercise and recovery. The active older men demonstrated significantly lower resting heart rates, lower resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, higher VO2 max, lower maximal exercise diastolic blood pressure and lower recovery heart rates than the age-matched sedentary men. Compared with the young sedentary men, the older active men had lower resting heart rates and higher VO2 max, walked longer on the treadmill, had lower recovery heart rates and weighed less. Older active men also had higher VO2 max levels than young sedentary men. In summary, physiological profiles of the older active men more closely resembled profiles of active men who were 30 years younger than those of older sedentary men. These results emphasize the range of benefits associated with exercise.
Ixabepilone plus capecitabine vs capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving ixabepilone in the first line setting: a pooled analysis from two phase III studies.
Authors: L Vahdat, LE Fein, MW Karwal, M Campone, R Peck, P Mukhopadhyay, J Jassem
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6117 Background: Patients (pts) with breast cancer who progress within 1 year of adjuvant anthracycline (A) / taxane (T) therapy have limited options for first line treatment. Ixabepilone (ixa), the first in a new class of antineoplastic agents, showed clinical benefit in combination with capecitabine (C) in 2 large clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pts whose tumors were resistant to (study 046; JCO, 2007) or pretreated with A and T (study 048). In 048, ixa plus C, compared to C alone, demonstrated significant increases in PFS (HR 0.79 [0.69-0.90]) and ORR (43 vs. 29%). A trend towards increased OS was seen in both 048 (HR 0.90 [0.78-1.03] and 046 (HR 0.90 [0.77-1.05]) which did not reach statistical significance. Here we present a pooled analysis of efficacy outcomes (ORR, PFS and OS) from the 2 studies of pts who recurred within 1 year of adjuvant A/T therapy and received no prior metastatic treatment.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 1973 pts with MBC previously treated with A and T were randomized in open-label, multinational trials (046 and 048) to receive either ixa (40 mg/m2 IV over 3h Q3w) + C (1000 mg/m2 PO BID x 14d Q3w) or C alone (1250 mg/m2 PO BID x 14d Q3w). Due to the similarity of the study populations, individual patient data from both studies was pooled to better evaluate treatment effect within pre-planned patient subgroups. 293 pts were randomized to ixa + C or C alone in the first line setting.&amp;#x2028; Results: ORR and PFS favored ixa + C in this pt population, and there was a trend towards increased OS, which did not reach statistical significance (see table).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Pooled analysis of individual studies confirmed significant ORR and PFS benefit of ixa + C compared to C in pts whose disease relapsed within 12 months of adjuvant A/T. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6117.
Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on lipid modification for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Francesco P Cappuccio
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The new guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on lipid modification for the prevention of cardiovascular disease will guide the way we assess cardiovascular risk and treat lipids, both in primary and in secondary care. What are the new aspects, and what is it that might spark controversy in this new publication?