THREE TYPES OF HUMAN DIABETES
Authors: R D LAWRENCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Article1 December 1955THREE TYPES OF HUMAN DIABETESR. D. LAWRENCE, M.D., F.R.C.P.R. D. LAWRENCE, M.D., F.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-43-6-1199 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis paper is concerned with three types of human diabetes, differentiated clinically by an excess or absence of body fat and by the presence or absence of ketosis. Many investigators have been interested for years in the relation of fat to carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus, a subject to which neither clinical study nor animal experiment can yet give a complete answer. Much that I have to describe is old knowledge and much quite new.After the discovery that diabetes could be produced by pancreatectomy, and still more after the extraction of the anti-diabetic hormone, insulin, by Banting and Best,...Bibliography1. Lawrence RD: Types of human diabetes, Brit. M. J. 1: 373, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DarnaudMoreau D: Le diabète par encombrement adipeux, Rev. internat. d'hépatologie 3: 525, 1953. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Bornstein J: Australian J. Exper. Biol. and Med. Sc. 28: 87, 1893. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. WillebrandsGroen AFJ: The determination of insulin in blood, Advances Int. Med. 6: 331, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Randle PJ: Assay of plasma insulin activity by the rat-diaphragm method, Brit. M. J. 1: 1237, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Vallance-OwenHurlock JB: Estimation of plasma-insulin by the rat diaphragm method, Lancet 1: 68, 1954. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. Hartroft WS: The islets of Langerhans in man visualized by phase contrast microscopy, Proc. Am. Diabetes A. 10: 46, 1950. Google Scholar8. WrenshallBogochRitchie GAARC: Extractable insulin of pancreas, Diabetes 1: 87, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. Ziegler LH(a) : Lipodystrophies: report of seven cases, Brain 51: 147, 1928. (b) Hansen, A. E., and McQuarrie, L.: Study of certain tissue lipids in generalized lipodystrophy (lipohistiodiuresis), Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 44: 611, 1940. (c) Lawrence, R. D.: Lipodystrophy and hepatomegaly, with diabetes, lipaenemia and other metabolic disturbances, Lancet 1: 724, 773, 1946. (d) Corner, B. D.: Lipoatrophic diabetes, Arch. Dis. Child. 27: 300, 1952. (e) Craig, J. W.: Personal communication. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London,*Presented as the Lilly Lecture at the Annual Sessions of The American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1955. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMessenger RNA processing and its role in diabetesR. D. Lawrence: a father of international diabetesHaut und DiabetesDie pathologische Morphologie der endokrinen RegulationsstörungenAge of onset and inheritance of diabetes: The importance of examining relativesCongenital Generalized Lipodystrophy Accompanied by Cystic AngiomatosisJOHN D. BRUNZELL, M.D., STEWART W. SHANKLE, M.D., JOHN E. BETHUNE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Introduction—a perspectiveEnergy storageRelative importance of different tissues in the synthesis of fatty acidsComparative anatomy of adipose tissue 1Adipose tissue in migratory birdsMetabolic pathways in the insect fat body 1Fat metabolism in fishThe physiological role of brown adipose tissue 1The development of adipose tissueHistogenesis 1The fine structure of adipose tissuesMorphology of adipose tissue: a microscopic anatomy of fatPathological anatomy of adipose tissue 1Lipid components of adipose tissueFatty substances containing ether linkagesFatty acid patterns in human adipose tissueStructural sugars in adipose tissueDistribution of adrenergic nerve fibers in brown and white adipose tissueStructural aspects of adipose tissue: A summary attempting to synthesize the information contained in the preceding chaptersFatty acid synthesis in adipose tissueTriglyceride metabolismEnzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissueGlyceride biosynthesis, glyceride breakdown and glycogen breakdown in adipose tissue: mechanisms and regulationPathways of glucose metabolismPathways of glucose metabolism IIFructose metabolism in adipose tissue from normal and diabetic rats 1The clearing factor lipase activity of adipose tissueAdipose tissue lipases IIHormone‐sensitive lipolytic activity of adipose tissue 1Glycogen metabolism in adipose tissueAdipose tissue in diabetesRegulation of fatty acid release with particular reference to pituitary factorsRelease of free fatty acids from adipose tissue in vitro in relation to rates of triglyceride synthesis and degradationLipid peroxidation 1Net gas exchange and oxygen consumptionConversion of amino acids to fatty acidsAmino acid and protein metabolism 1Regulation of fatty acid esterification in adipose tissue incubated in vitroEffect of feeding on fatty acid synthesis 1Effects of aging on the composition and metabolism of adipose tissue in the ratEffect of biologically active peptides on adipose tissueComparative physiology of adipose tissue in different sites and in different speciesSelective labeling of adipose tissue in vivoPerfusion of isolated adipose tissue: FFA release and blood flow in rat parametrial fat bodyMetabolism of human adipose tissue in vitroThe metabolism of isolated fat cellsMetabolism of isolated adipose tissue: a summaryChylomicron metabolism: uptake and metabolism by perfused adipose tissue 1Metabolism of lipids in chylomicrons and very low‐density lipoproteinsParticulate lipid components in plasmaEffect of dietary and endocrine factors on adipose tissue growth 1The pituitary gland and the mobilization of fatThe adipokinetic property of hypophyseal peptides and catecholamines: a problem in comparative endocrinology 1In vivo and in vitro adipokinetic effects of corticotropin and related peptides 1Lipid‐mobilizing activity during fastingInhibition of lipid mobilizationAutonomic nervous system and adipose tissueAutonomic nervous system and adipose tissueAction of lipomobilizing hormones on adipose tissuePsychogenic effects on lipid mobilizationAdipositySome physiological and clinical implications of lipid mobilization from adipose tissue 1Metabolism of adipose tissue in experimental obesityThe measurement of human adipose tissue massLipid composition and metabolism of subcutaneous adipose tissue and lipoma of manLipodystrophyEffect of adipose tissue extracts on the insulin activity of human serumBibliographyThe application of Perkal's discriminating function to differential diagnosisGeneralized lipoatrophy, hepatic cirrhosis, disturbed carbohydrate metabolism and accelerated growth (lipoatrophic diabetes)The Acute Reduction in Plasma Amino Acids by Carbohydrate Infusion in Diabetes and Liver DiseaseTHE PLASMA INSULIN-I131 IN DIABETIC PATIENTS*ROBERT E. BOLINGER, M.D., F.A.C.P., HAROLD J. GRADY, Ph.D. 1 December 1955Volume 43, Issue 6Page: 1199-1208KeywordsCarbohydrate metabolismComaDiabetes mellitusFatsHormonesHyperglycemiaHyperlipidemiaInsulinPancreasPancreatectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1955 PDF downloadLoading ...