tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality risks in children aged 5–14 years in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic empirical analysis
Authors: Kenneth Hill, Linnea Zimmerman, Dean T Jamison
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

Health priorities since the UN Millennium Declaration have focused strongly on children younger than 5 years. The health of older children (age 5-9 years) and younger adolescents (age 10-14 years) has been neglected until recently, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and mortality measures for these age groups have often been derived from overly flexible models. We report global and regional empirical mortality estimates for children aged 5-14 years in low-income and middle-income countries, and compare them with ones from existing models.For this empirical analysis, we obtained birth-history data from surveys done over a 25-year period from 1986 by the Demographic and Health Surveys programme for 84 World Bank low-income and middle-income countries, and data about household deaths in China from their 1990 and 2010 censuses. We used these data to calculate mortality risks for children aged 5-14 years, and compare these risks to corresponding estimates of mortality in children younger than 5 years in the same countries. We used regression analysis to model these associations, generate estimates of the risks, and derive estimates of the numbers of deaths for 1990 and 2010 by applying those risks to population estimates from the UN World Population Prospects (WPP) 2012 Revision. We then compared the numbers of deaths with those given by the UN WPP itself and by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study.The mean risk of a child dying at age 5-14 years in low-income and middle-income countries is about 19% of the risk of dying between birth and age 5 years (12% at age 5-9 plus 7% at age 10-14). According to our estimates, the total number of deaths at ages 5-14 years in low-income and middle-income regions fell from about 2·4 million (95% CI 1·9-2·7) in 1990 to about 1·5 million (1·2-1·8) in 2010. From our estimates we concluded there to have been 200,000 (16%) more deaths at ages 5-14 than in the UN report; however, our estimates exceeded GBD estimates by more than 700,000 (87%). The average annual rate of decline in mortality at age 5-9 years (about 3%) slightly exceeded that for ages 0-4 years (2·8%), but progress has been slower for age 10-14 years (about 2%).Our analysis suggests that mortality risks nowadays in the age range 5-14 years in low-income and middle-income countries are rather higher (relative to mortality in children younger than 5 years) than would be expected on the basis of historical evidence. Our findings broadly lend support for the UN WPP mortality estimates, but are almost double those underpinning GBD 2010. Global policy emphasis on reduction of mortality in children younger than 5 years should be broadened to include older children and adolescents.The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe. Working Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) for uniform reporting on tuberculosis cases
Authors: HL Rieder, JM Watson, MC Raviglione, M Forssbohm, GB Migliori, V Schwoebel, AG Leitch, JP Zellweger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Consensus-based recommendations have been developed by a Working Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) on uniform reporting of tuberculosis surveillance data in the countries of Europe. A uniform case definition and a minimum set of variables for reporting on each case have been agreed which, when collated on a national basis, will allow comparison of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in different European countries. The Working Group recommends that the case definition includes "definite" cases, where the diagnosis has been confirmed by culture (or supported by microscopy findings in countries where diagnostic culture facilities are not available), and "other than definite cases" based on a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis combined with the intention to treat with a full course of antituberculosis therapy. Both "definite" and "other than definite" cases should be notified by physicians and, in addition, laboratories should be required to report "definite" cases. The minimum set of variables to be collected on each case of tuberculosis should include: date of starting treatment, place of residence, date of birth, gender, and country of origin, to characterize the patient. Recommended disease-specific variables include: site of disease, bacteriological status (microscopy and culture), and history of previous antituberculosis chemotherapy. The minimum set of variables should be collated on all patients and should be as complete as possible. Additional variables may be collected for individual, local or national purposes, but, in general, completeness of reporting on cases is likely to be better if the information requested is kept to a minimum. Timely reporting of cases is essential for appropriate public health action. Cases should be reported to the health authority at the local and/or regional level within 1 week of starting treatment. Individual-case based information should be reported to the national level by the local or regional level. Feedback to reporters is essential. At the national level, preliminary quarterly reports should be produced and final reports should be published annually.
Abstract 129: Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Revive Endogenous Repair Mechanisms In Failing Heart
Authors: Mohsin Khan, Suresh K Verma, Alexander R Mackie, Erin Vaughan, Srikanth Garikipati, Erin Lambers, Veronica Ramirez, Kenneth Ellingson, Tatiana Abramova, Aiko Ito, Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Sol Misener, Gangjian Qin, Walter J Koch, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great promise for cardiac regeneration but are susceptible to ethical concerns, lack of autologous donors and teratoma formation. Recently, it has been observed that beneficial effects of stem cells are mediated by exosomes secreted out under various physiological conditions. ESCs have the ability to produce exosomes however their effect in the context of the heart is unknown. Objective: Determine the effect of ESC derived exosomes for cardiac repair and modulation of CPCs functions in the heart following myocardial infarction. Methods and Results: Exosomes were isolated from murine ESCs (mES Ex) or embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) by ultracentrifugation and verified by Flotillin-1 immunoblot analysis. Induction of pluripotent markers, survival and in vitro tube formation was enhanced in target cells receiving ESC exosomes indicating therapeutic potential of mES Ex. mES Ex administration resulted in enhanced neovascularization, cardiomyocyte survival and reduced fibrosis post infarction consistent with resurgence of cardiac proliferative response. Importantly, mES Ex mediated considerable enhancement of cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) survival, proliferation and cardiac commitment concurrent with increased c-kit+ CPCs in vivo 4 weeks after mES Ex transfer. miRNA Array analysis of ESC and MEF exosomes revealed significantly high expression of miR290-295 cluster in the ESC exosomes compared to MEF exosomes. The underlying beneficial effect of mES Ex was tied to delivery of ESC miR-294 to the heart and in particular CPCs thereby promoting CPC survival and proliferation as analyzed by FACS based cell death analysis and CyQuant assay respectively. Interestingly, enhanced G1/S transition was observed in CPCs treated with miR-294 in conjunction with significant reduction of G1 phase. Conclusion: In conclusion, mES Ex provide a novel cell free system for cardiac regeneration with the ability to modulate both cardiomyocyte and CPC based repair programs in the heart thereby avoiding the risk of teratoma formation associated with ESCs.
Comparison of functional exercise capacity respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea and fatigue in over and normal Weighted COPD patients
Authors: Zeynep Aribas, Meral Bosnak Guclu, Burcu Camcioglu, Muserrefe Nur Karadalli, Gülsah Bargi, Nurdan Kokturk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Obesity is associated with increased risk for co-morbidities including skeletal muscle deconditioning and cardiovascular diseases in COPD. However, a few study investigated the effects of over weight on functional exercise capacity, pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea and fatigue in patients with COPD.   Aim:  To compare functional exercise capacity, pulmonary functions, dyspnea, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and fatigue in over and normal weighted COPD patients.   Methods:  Twenty-three normal (20M, 3F, FEV 1 =45.64±18.47) and 29 over weighted 28M, 1F, FEV 1 =51.756±15.40) patients with COPD were included. Body mass index (BMI); 20-24.99 kg/m 2  normal, 25-29.99 kg/m 2  over weighted. Functional exercise capacity were evaluated using six-minute walk test (6MWT), respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP) using a mouth pressure device, dyspnea using Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle strength using a dynamometer, fatigue using Fatigue Impact Scale.   Results:  Six-MWT distance (p=0.043), MEP (p=0.007) and QF muscle strength (p=0.040) were significantly lower, MMRC (p=0.041) and fatigue scores (p=0.047) were significantly higher in normal weighted patients. The 6MWT distance was lower than 80 % of predicted in 15 patients (65.2%) in normal weighted; 12 patients (41.4%) in over weighted.   Conclusion:  Over weighed COPD patients have better respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and functional exercise capacity and have less dyspnea and fatigue perception than normal weighed ones with similar pulmonary functions. Fat free mass should better be measured.
β-Catenin is required for intrinsic but not extrinsic BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: A M Eiring, J S Khorashad, D J Anderson, F Yu, H M Redwine, C C Mason, K R Reynolds, P M Clair, K C Gantz, T Y Zhang, A D Pomicter, I L Kraft, A D Bowler, K Johnson, M Mac Partlin, T O'Hare, M W Deininger
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could improve survival of cytogenetically normal adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with DNMT3A mutations
Authors: Yang Xu, Yanjun Sun, Hongjie Shen, Lin Ding, Zhen Yang, Huiying Qiu, Aining Sun, Suning Chen, Depei Wu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

DNMT3A mutations are frequent in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (cn-AML) patients and associated with poor survival. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in DNMT3A(mut) cn-AML patients remains unclear. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutations and explored the role of allo-HSCT in 308 cn-AML patients who received consolidation of intensive chemotherapy or allo-HSCT in our center from March 2005 to May 2014. In the whole cohort, 63 patients (20.5%) were identified with DNMT3A exon 23 mutations and R882H was the most frequent variant. DNMT3A(mut) patients had shorter overall survival (3-year OS: 31.9% vs. 52.0%, P = 0.009) and disease-free survival (3-year DFS: 21.8% vs. 40.1%, P = 0.004) compared with DNMT3A(wt) patients. Based on FLT3/NPM1/CEBPA mutations, 308 cn-AML patients were divided into favorable/intermediate group (n = 262) and unfavorable group (n = 46). There were no significant differences in 3-year OS and 3-year DFS between DNMT3A(mut) and DNMT3A(wt) patients in both favorable/intermediate and unfavorable groups. Additionally, in multivariate analysis, DNMT3A mutation remained an independent adverse prognostic factor for the survival. In the DNMT3A(mut) cohort, 23 complete remission (CR) patients received allo-HSCT consolidation and 32 CR patients received chemotherapy consolidation, dramatic differences were observed in 3-year OS (51.7% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.048) and 3-year DFS (41.6% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.024) between allo-HSCT group and chemotherapy group. Collectively, DNMT3A mutation is a poor prognostic factor for cn-AML patients and allo-HSCT could improve survival of cn-AML patients with DNMT3A mutations.
Forced fusion of human ventricular scar cells with cardiomyocytes suppresses arrhythmogenicity in a co-culture model
Authors: Marc C. Engels, Saïd F.A. Askar, Wanchana Jangsangthong, Brian O. Bingen, Iolanda Feola, Jia Liu, Rupamanjari Majumder, Michel I.M. Versteegh, Jerry Braun, Robert J.M. Klautz, Dirk L. Ypey, Antoine A.F. De Vries, Daniël A. Pijnappels
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsFibrosis increases arrhythmogenicity in myocardial tissue by causing structural and functional disruptions in the cardiac syncytium. Forced fusion of fibroblastic cells with adjacent cardiomyocytes may theoretically resolve these disruptions. Therefore, the electrophysiological effects of such electrical and structural integration of fibroblastic cells into a cardiac syncytium were studied.
Effect of nintedanib on silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Isabelle Maillet, Valérie Quesniaux, Lutz Wollin, Bernhard Ryffel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: One-year treatment with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib (BIBF 1120) specific for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) was associated with a 68.4% reduction in the rate of decline of forced vital capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) versus placebo, which approached statistical significance.  Aim: To further explore its mode of action, nintedanib was tested in a mouse model of silicosis displaying ongoing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.  Methods: Within 30 days a single intranasal administration of silica caused a robust lung inflammation with a significant increase in macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes in the BALF, increased IL-1 beta, CXCL1/KC and TIMP1 production, and increased collagen deposition in the lung. Histologic analysis revealed chronic inflammation with granuloma formation and fibrosis demonstrated by collagen staining.  Results: Nintedanib administered by gavage at 30 and 100 mg/Kg/day significantly reduced neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, but had no effect on macrophage counts in the BALF.  Furthermore, IL-1 beta, CXCL1/KC, TIMP1, collagen in lung and lung inflammation with granuloma and fibrosis were drastically reduced.  Conclusion: Nintedanib effectively reduced silica-induced chronic inflammation and fibrosis in mice. The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic features of nintedanib may impact the progressive course of fibrotic lung diseases like IPF or silicosis.
Clinical and immunological findings in 104 cases of paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: A. Ohzono, R. Sogame, X. Li, K. Teye, A. Tsuchisaka, S. Numata, H. Koga, T. Kawakami, D. Tsuruta, N. Ishii, T. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Although there are many reports of sporadic patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), only a few systematic studies on large cohorts of patients with PNP have been reported.To analyse the clinical and immunological findings in a large cohort of patients with PNP.This retrospective study consisted of 104 patients with PNP. Clinical and histopathological manifestations, associated neoplasms, complicating diseases, prognosis and results of immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were analysed.The clinical and histopathological findings in this study were generally similar to those in previous reports. The most common associated neoplasms included malignant lymphomas, malignant solid tumours and Castleman disease, in that order, while 12 patients had no detectable tumours. Novel ELISAs for desmocollins (Dscs) showed that 19 (18·6%), 42 (41·2%) and 62 (60·8%) of 102 patients with PNP showed antibodies to Dsc1, Dsc2 and Dsc3, respectively. Thirty-two (60%) of 53 patients had antibodies to alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1 (A2ML1). We found statistically significant correlations between positive desmoglein 3 reactivity and genital lesions, and between positive desmoglein 3 reactivity and bronchiolitis obliterans.We consider that antibodies to Dscs and A2ML1 are useful for the diagnosis of PNP.
Brain irradiation and systemic chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: dangerous liaisons?
Authors: A T Turrisi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1990.8.2.196 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2153762 Brain irradiation and systemic chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: dangerous liaisons? A T TurrisixA T TurrisiSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1990.8.2.196 First Page PDF © 1990 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Natural Cell-Mediated Immunity to Lymphoma Cells. I. Characteristics of Effector Cells in a Cytostasis Assay in Vitro2
Authors: Gunnar Tufveson, Inger Riesenfeld, Lars Rönnblom, Anders Hedman, Gunnar V. Aim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Spleen cells from normal, nonimmune, CBA or (CBA X AKR)F1 mice markedly and rapidly inhibited the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by two different T-cell lymphomas in an in vitro cytostasis assay. These were the I-529 lymphoma of spontaneous AKR origin and the Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced YAC lymphoma of A mouse origin. Spleen cells were the most efficient inhibitors for both types of target cells, whereas lymph node cells were much less active and thymus cells showed little or no activity. Granulocytes, as well as conventional T- and B-lymphocytes, were excluded as important contributors to the cytostatic cell population. Spleen cells were separated on nylon wool, Sephadex G-10 columns, or plastic petri dishes and tested for activity in the cytostasis assay or for cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled lymphoma target cells. Adherent cells carried almost all cytostatic activity against the AKR lymphoma but also showed significant cytotoxic activity against these target cells. In addition, the cytostatic activity against the YAC lymphoma was mainly due to adherent spleen cells, but nonadherent cells were relatively more active against this target than against I-529 cells. Such nonadherent spleen cells further showed increased cytotoxic activity, compared to the whole spleen cell population.
Relation between patients' and physicians' severity assessment of occupational hand eczema
Authors: R.S. Cvetkovski, H. Jensen, J. Olsen, J.D. Johansen, T. Agner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Severity assessment of occupational hand eczema (OHE) is important not only in clinical settings but also in research. Questionnaires with self-rated assessment of severity may be an attractive tool for assessing severity because of their cost efficiency in comparison with expensive clinical examinations.To evaluate the relation between self-rated severity and severity assessment based on standardized medical certificates issued by dermatologists in a population of patients with OHE.Between October 2001 and November 2002 (58 weeks) we identified all new cases of recognized OHE from the Danish National Board of Industrial Injuries (DNBII) registry. Each patient was examined by a dermatologist, who issued a standardized medical certificate. The severity assessment in the DNBII registry was based on this medical certificate, which comprised information on morphology and extent of eczema, and frequency of eruptions. All participants received a self-administered questionnaire and were asked to classify severity of their OHE on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. The relation between DNBII-assessed and self-rated severity was illustrated by a receiver operating characteristic analysis.Of 758 patients included in the study, 621 returned the questionnaire and 602 (79%) provided information on self-rated severity. The proportion of severe cases was significantly higher among patients' assessments compared with the rating by the DNBII. Almost 18% were categorized as severe cases by the DNBII while 40% of patients had assessed themselves as having severe eczema. The optimal cut-off point had a sensitivity and specificity of self-rated severity according to the DNBII assessment of 65% and 66%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 29% and the negative predictive value was 90%.The low positive predictive value suggests major differences in the criteria for self-rated severity vs. DNBII-rated severity. We recommend researchers to include ratings from both patients and physicians in future investigations of severity. The methods may address different aspects of OHE.
Mass Media Campaigns to Prevent Chronic Disease—A Powerful but Underused Tool
Authors: Rachel J. Stern
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

In 2009, New York City embarked on a mass media campaign and policy initiative to highlight the link between obesity and "sugary beverages"-drinks containing more than 25 calories per 8 ounces (other than milk and 100% juice).This initiative led to a substantial reduction in sugary drink consumption among adults and adolescents. 1 In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Thomas A. Farley, the former New York City Health Commissioner who oversaw that program, highlights the value of mass media campaigns. 2Farley, now the chief executive officer of a nonprofit organization that supports mass media campaigns, discusses their role in promoting healthy behaviors such as smoking cessation, physical activity, and motor vehicle safety. 3 Mass media campaigns require specific components to improve population health.Farley emphasizes that messages should be well crafted and visible enough to saturate the target audience-an expensive undertaking. 2Campaigns also have greater impact when paired with policy initiatives that facilitate the desired behavior changes. 3 Along with advertisements, New York City banned sugary drinks other than milk and 100% juice in public institutions and capped portion sizes for those beverages in restaurants at sixteen ounces. 1 Of course, mass media campaigns can also undermine efforts to promote public health.In the 1990s, Philip Morris, the tobacco company, funded a campaign that encouraged parents to "talk to their children about tobacco use."The program was associated with an increase in teenagers' intention to smoke in the future and lowered their perception of harm from smoking.This is remarkable given the strong evidence