tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chest wall volume changes during normocapnic hyperpnoea with constant breathing pattern
Authors: Sabine K. Illi, Stefanie Hostettler, Evelyn Mohler, Andrea Aliverti, Christina M. Spengler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Normocapnic hyperpnoea (NH), a common form of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) known to fatigue the diaphragm, is normally performed with constant tidal volume (VT) while prolonged high ventilation (VE), as with exercise, often results in rapid shallow breathing. We aimed to investigate the effect of fatiguing NH with constant VE and VT on respiratory muscle action. We hypothesised that inspiratory rib cage muscles would take over some of the inspiratory work of the diaphragm when the diaphragm fatigues.  Methods: 10 healthy subjects performed 1h of NH at 70% MVV (VT: 2.6±0.6 l; breathing frequency: 40±6 breaths min-1). Using optoelectronic plethysmography, we assessed the relative contribution of the chest wall compartments [pulmonary rib cage (RCP), its volume changes reflecting rib cage muscle action; abdominal rib cage (RCA) and abdomen (AB), volume changes of both reflecting diaphragm and abdominal muscle action] to VT as well as their end-inspiratory (EIV) and end-expiratory volumes (EEV) at the beginning and at the end of NH.  Results: While relative compartmental contribution did not change during NH (RCP: 48±6 vs. 50±5%, RCA: 23±5 vs. 23±6%, AB: 29±7 vs. 27±5%; all p>0.05) EIV (1.1±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.3 l) and EEV (-0.1±0.1 vs. -0.3±0.2 l; both p  Conclusion: Inspiratory rib cage muscles did not seem to take over work of the diaphragm. However, in- and expiratory rib cage muscles play an important role in preventing the development of rapid shallow breathing. Thus, RMET likely provides a training stimulus not only to the diaphragm but also to the rib cage muscles.  support: SNF grant no. 32-116777.
Abstract 11607: Novel Assay for Detection of LDL Transcytosis Across Coronary Endothelium Reveals an Unexpected Role for SR-B1
Authors: Susan M Armstrong, Michael G Sugiyama, Andrew Levy, Dante Neculai, Mark Roufaiel, Steffen-Sebastian Bolz, Myron Cybulsky, Bryan Heit, Warren L Lee
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Retention of LDL beneath the arterial endothelium initiates an inflammatory response culminating in atherosclerosis. How LDL crosses the endothelium to enter the arterial wall remains unknown. While LDL could conceivably pass between endothelial cells (paracellularly) or through them (transcytosis), electron microscopy studies in animals revealed LDL in intracellular vesicles and none at intercellular junctions. This, combined with the absence of endothelial injury or intercellular gaps in early atherosclerosis, suggests that transcytosis is the major route. However, technical challenges with studying transcytosis have made confirming and extending these findings difficult. We developed and validated a novel assay for measuring the transcytosis of native LDL across live human coronary artery endothelium in vitro. Using this assay, we propose to elucidate the regulation of LDL transcytosis and have identified a novel role for SR-B1. Methods and Results: Experiments were performed using primary human coronary artery endothelial monolayers. Transcytosis was quantified in single live cells in real time using total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy. Transcytosis of LDL was saturable and inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL. By fluorescence microscopy we found that DiI-LDL colocalized significantly with scavenger receptor, class B, type 1 (SR-B1). Unexpectedly, overexpression of SR-BI resulted in increased LDL transcytosis, while knockdown of SR-BI by siRNA inhibited transcytosis. Excess HDL, the canonical SR-B1 ligand, also decreased LDL transcytosis. To confirm the occurrence of transcytosis in an intact vessel, we perfused murine aortas ex vivo with both LDL and dextran of a smaller molecular radius. We observed the accumulation of subendothelial LDL without dextran, indicating that transcytosis of LDL occurs in intact vessels. Conclusions: The accumulation of LDL in the subendothelial intima is the first step of atherosclerosis yet little is known about how it occurs. Our data suggests that transcytosis of LDL is an important contributor, particularly in the early stages of the disease. By identifying the mechanisms of transcytosis, our work could have important implications for its pathogenesis and therapy.
Grant Probe Urged
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New gene implicated in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Deborah Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A multidisciplinary team of researchers has uncovered an unexpected gene implicated in raising susceptibility to type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes ( Nature Genetics 2000;26:163-75).

The gene, calpain 10, was found to be strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans, Pima Indians, and in Northern European groups.

The study is considered a breakthrough both because it yielded a new marker and possible therapeutic target for this common disease and also because it showed the power of positional cloning to detect genes involved in complex disorders.

Type 2 diabetes is considered to be a prototypical complex genetic disorder. Inheritance and expression of type 2 diabetes is multifactorial and dependent on multiple genes interacting with each other as well as with environmental, lifestyle, and dietary factors.

An estimated 135 million people worldwide are affected, including 15 million Americans. Eighteen per cent of the US population over 65 has type 2 diabetes, and the incidence is increasing with higher obesity rates. Additionally, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and contributes to cardiovascular mortality as well.

Scientists, led by Drs Graeme Bell …
Abstract 12744: Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Suzanne Fateh-Moghadam, Amelie Pachlhofer, Martin Steeg, Iris Mueller, Volker Doernberger, Meinrad Gawaz, wolfgang bocksch
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: High-grade conduction disturbances (CD) requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation (impl) occur in up to 34 % of patients (pts) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the Medtronic CoreValve (MCV). Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to asses the anatomical, clinical and ECG predictors of postinterventional PPM impl in pts undergoing TAVI with the MCV . Methods: In total 198 pts with high surgical risk underwent transfemoral TAVI with the MCV system (26/29/31mm). Pts (23) with pre-existing PPM were excluded leaving 175 pts for retrospectively evaluation for predictors for PPM impl after TAVI. To evaluate procedural data, device position was measured on fluoroscopy as distance between the proximal aspect of the MCV stent frame below the native aortic annulus. Results: In our study group 48 (27.4%) pts underwent PPM-impl post TAVI. Before TAVI 19 (10.9 %) of pts showed pre-operative abnormal CD, including first degree AV block, RBBB and LBBB. Pts with PPM imp...
Abstract 840: Enhancement of antitumor effect of platinum complexes by PXR antagonist
Authors: Shuichi Kishimoto, Erika Bou, Kaho Higashi, Ryosuke Suzuki, Shoji Fukushima
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the enhancing ability of PXR antagonists for the antitumor effect of platinum complex. Cell lines used in this study were human hepatoma cell line HepG2, human ovarian cancer cell line 2008 and human colon cancer cell line HCT116. Changes in mRNA expression were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, and the ability of apoptosis induction was assessed as caspase-3 activity. Cytotoxicity of platinum complexes was assessed by SRB assay, and IC75 and IC90 values of them were determined. They did not induce apoptosis at IC75 but did it markedly at IC90. Previously, we reported that though apoptosis in HepG2 was induced by IC90 dose of CDDP, addition of a PXR agonist, rifampicin, from 24-hr before treatment and during treatment with CDDP was almost suppressed. Moreover, we found that apoptosis in 2008 and HCT116 induced by IC90 dose of CDDP or oxaliplatin was suppressed by rifampicin. That suggests a nuclear receptor PXR affects on the cytotoxicity of platinum complexes for cancer cells other than HepG2. Ketoconazole (KTZ) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) were selected as PXR antagonists that were added with platinum complex. Both drugs at 30 μM induced cytostatic cell growth inhibition in HepG2, 2008 and HCT116 but did not affect on caspase-3 activity compared with control in those cells. When these PXR antagonists at 30 μM were added to cancer cell lines from 24-hr before treatment and during treatment with CDDP at IC75, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased compared with that in CDDP alone. Also, when cells were exposed to CDDP and a PXR antagonist without PXR antagonist pretreatment, caspase-3 activity was increased but the level was reduced compared with that in the combination with pretreatment. Similarly, oxaliplatin in combination with KTZ or PEITC markedly induced apoptosis in HCT116. In HepG2, KTZ reduced the level of MRP2 mRNA. That suggests that pretreatment with KTZ might increase the intracellular platinum content and enhance the cytotoxicity of platinum complex. We concluded that PXR antagonist can be an agent enhancing the antitumor activity of platinum complex, and one of the mechanism is to suppress the expression of the platinum efflux transporter. Citation Format: Shuichi Kishimoto, Erika Bou, Kaho Higashi, Ryosuke Suzuki, Shoji Fukushima. Enhancement of antitumor effect of platinum complexes by PXR antagonist. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 840. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-840
Abstract 4289: Noninvasive monitoring of blood-brain barrier permeability for antibodies by apoptosis imaging: optimization of treatment strategies for maximal brain delivery
Authors: Thomas G. Weber, Julia Mathejczyk, Stefanie Galbán, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Werner Scheuer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purposes: Large molecules like antibodies cannot penetrate the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) in adequate amounts to deploy efficacy. Brain shuttle antibodies for enhanced BBB crossing are considered to overcome this obstacle. Thus, we established a non-invasive technology that accelerates quantification of brain tumor delivery and pharmacodynamics of antibodies. Experimental Procedures: The technology implies intracranial implantation of a split-luciferase apoptosis reporter cell line (Caspase-3/7 GloSensor) in SHO mice. An agonistic Death Receptor 5 antibody (anti-DR5) was used as model substance. To quantify BBB crossing of systemically applied anti-DR5, we compared apoptosis inductions after i.c. and i.v. application at different dosages. Results: Assuming a 100 % drug delivery after i.c. application, the amount of antibody delivery after i.v. application was calculated relative to its apoptosis induction. We found that less than 1 % of the unmodified anti-DR5 passed the BBB dose-dependently. These data were confirmed by 3-dimensional fluorescence microscopy of explanted brain tissue. Significant anti-tumor efficacy was detected when anti-DR5 is given in adequately high dosages. We further demonstrate in different brain tumor models that unspecific IgG antibody penetration into brain tumors is presumably enhanced by a slightly impaired BBB. Conclusions: Our technology facilitates the quantification of BBB penetration by measuring apoptosis non-invasively without using radiolabeling approaches. This orthotopic model accelerates the assessment of i.v. dosage optimization and brain shuttle systems for maximal anti-tumor efficacy in brain tumors. Citation Format: Thomas G. Weber, Julia Mathejczyk, Stefanie Galbán, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Werner Scheuer. Noninvasive monitoring of blood-brain barrier permeability for antibodies by apoptosis imaging: optimization of treatment strategies for maximal brain delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4289
Putting a New Face on Women's Health
Authors: L Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contagious itch in humans: a study of visual ‘transmission’ of itch in atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects
Authors: A.D.P. Papoiu, H. Wang, R.C. Coghill, Y-H. Chan, G. Yosipovitch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Anecdotal evidence suggests that 'contagious' itch occurs in daily life when we see other people itch and scratch. This phenomenon has not previously been studied systematically, and factors which can amplify itch perception were unknown.We investigated whether exposure to visual cues of itch can induce or intensify itch in healthy subjects and patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Participants received histamine or a saline control delivered to the forearm and were asked to watch short video clips of people scratching. Spontaneous scratching induced by visual cues was monitored and analysed.Patients with AD reported a higher itch intensity and scratched more frequently while watching itch videos, even in the presence of mock itch stimuli.Human susceptibility to develop itch when exposed to visual cues is confirmed; it appears to be amplified in patients with AD. These findings suggest that interpersonal social cues can dramatically alter the subjective sensory experience of itch.
Abstract 556: Interleukin 32 is an independent prognostic biomarker of human gastric cancer correlated with tumor progression and metastasis
Authors: Chia-Siu Wang, Chung-Ying Tsai, Kuan-Huei Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 32 (IL-32), is a novel tumor marker highly expressed in various human carcinomas including gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were enrolled into this study. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on resected specimens were used to confirm the IL-32 overexpression in surgical patients. The clinicopathological correlation and survival outcome of IL-32 were analysed for clinical significance in these patient. In vitro study, using ectopic overexpression and knockdown of IL-32 in GC cell lines, was established to investigate the invasiveness and the signaling pathway of IL-32 in GC. Results: IL-32 was significantly upregulated in GC and positively correlated with aggressiveness of cancer and poor prognosis. Stable suppression or overexpression of IL-32 revealed marked influence of cell migration and invasion by modulating phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), leading to activation of β-catenin. Expression of IL-32 was accompanied by the induction of interleukin 8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and 9 (MMP9) in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Our results clearly suggest that IL-32 is an important mediator for GC metastasis and an independent prognostic predictor of GC. Citation Format: Chia-Siu Wang, Chung-Ying Tsai, Kuan-Huei Lin. Interleukin 32 is an independent prognostic biomarker of human gastric cancer correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 556. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-556
Variations in the Volume and in the Acid Content of Gastric Secretion of Normal Individuals Following Stimulation by Histamine
Authors: Friedrich Engelbach, Charles L. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 June 1933Variations in the Volume and in the Acid Content of Gastric Secretion of Normal Individuals Following Stimulation by HistamineFRIEDRICH ENGELBACH, M.D., CHARLES L. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.FRIEDRICH ENGELBACH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHARLES L. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-12-1560 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the last few years the analysis of gastric contents obtained after stimulation by histamine has come into general use.The work of Bloomfield and Polland1,2 on the acidity of gastric juice following histamine stimulation has shown that the volume and acidity rapidly increase, the maximum being reached in 20 to 30 minutes after injection, after which time the volumes diminish, while the acidity maintains its high level throughout the test of an hour's duration. They found a constancy of response of volume and acid after giving repeated doses of the same amount of histamine to a given individual.Gompertz...Bibliography1 BLOOMFIELDPOLAND ALWS: The diagnostic value of studies of gastric secretion, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1929, xcii, 1508-1513. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 POLLAND WS: Stimulation of gastric pepsin by histamine, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1932, xi, 449-454. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 GOMPERTZCOHEN LMW: Further studies on the action of histamine on human gastric secretion, Tr. Am. Gastro-Enterol. Assoc., 1929, xxxi, 28-37. Google Scholar4 KINSELLA VJ: Regional analysis of the stomach contents; a comparison of the cardiac and pyloric curves, Med. Jr. Australia, 1928, ii, 430-433. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Received for publication November 11, 1932.†From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTiming of Peak Acid Output after PentagastrinEffect of Histamine on Gastric SecretionOn the possibility of reproducing the cephalic phase of gastric secretion 1 June 1933Volume 6, Issue 12Page: 1560-1564KeywordsHistamine Issue Published: 1 June 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the small and large airways of lung cancer patients undergoing thoracotomy
Authors: Sukhwinder Singh Sohal, Danial Wan, Ashutosh Hardikar, Cameron Hunter, David Reid, Hans Konrad Muller, Richard Wood-Baker, Eugene Haydn Walters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : We previously published evidence of EMT-Type-3, a pre-malignant condition associated with hyper-vascularity of the reticular basement membrane (Rbm), in COPD airways. COPD involves scarring and obliteration of the small airways (SAs) and is also closely associated with development of airway epithelial malignancies predominantly in large airways (LAs).   Objective:  This study investigated evidence of active EMT in SAs in multiple lung resection sections from ten patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracotomy, compared with matched LAs endobronchial biopsies (ebb). All patients had evidence of SAs obstruction on lung function testing.   Methods:  SAs and matching LAs ebb were assessed for Rbm fragmentation and cell markers of EMT, i.e. vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, S100A4, and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and also the marker of epithelial activation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Vessels were stained with type-IV collagen, CD-31 and factor-8.   Results:  Rbm fragmentation was evident in the SAs. Epithelium in SAs stained positively for vimentin, S100A4 and N-cadherin. Concomitant expression of E and N-cadherin was also observed, indicating possible E/N-cadherin switching. There were also cells present within Rbm clefts that were positive for these EMT markers but not MMP-9, but no vessel staining was observed in SAs Rbm. The LAs again demonstrated likely active EMT-Type-3 with evidence of hyper-vascularity in the Rbm.   Conclusions:  This is the first study to contrast active EMT-Type- 2 in SAs potentially contributing to SAs fibrosis seen in COPD and active EMT-Type-3 in the LAs, where cancer formation is common.
Persistent vegetative state
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This week, two articles discuss the problems encountered by relatives and professionals caring for people in the persistent vegetative state (pp 352 and 372). This high profile and ethically challenging form of coma has thousands of web pages devoted to it, some crankier than others. If you want a professional view it's always best to start at the top, and the …