tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Specialist medical abbreviations as a foreign language
Authors: P. Das-Purkayastha, K. McLeod, R. Canter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In journals, unexplained abbreviations cause frustration and confusion,1,2 and the same is likely to be true of case notes from an unfamiliar specialty. Serious drug errors have arisen from misunderstanding of abbreviations.3,4 With the changes in medical working hours in the UK, it is now commonplace for a doctor to cover several different subspecialties. We therefore designed a questionnaire to assess how well some abbreviations widely used in ear, nose and throat surgery (ENT) were understood by junior doctors in other specialties. The thirteen chosen abbreviations, selected from those previously judged 'acceptable' in operation notes,5 were as follows: TAG SMR=submucous resection; SMD=submucous diathermy; DIT=diathermy of inferior turbinate; FESS=functional endoscopic sinus surgery; MUA=manipulation under anaesthesia; PNS=postnasal space; EUA=examination under anaesthesia; OE=otitis externa; CSOM=chronic suppurative otitis media; OME=otitis media with effusion; TM=tympanic membrane; FB=foreign body. For each of the abbreviations, the questionnaire gave a hint of the context—for example, 'name of operation' or 'diagnosis'. Participants were also asked for reactions (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree) to the statement that 'any doctor should be able to read and understand notes from any specialty'. The questionnaire was distributed to all junior doctors attending lunchtime meetings at two different hospitals (no duplication)—namely, 4 specialist registrars, 20 senior house officers and 21 preregistration house officers, in specialties including accident and emergency, orthopaedics, general medicine and general surgery; none had held a post in ENT. Answers about abbreviations were scored as either correct or incorrect, though with some latitude if close enough for the clinical sense to be preserved. The response rate was 100%, and Figure 1 shows the rates of correct answers. There was a tendency to agree with the proposal that doctors should be able to understand notes from any specialty (median score 4).



Figure 1

Results of survey



This small study indicates that 6 of 13 commonly used abbreviations in ENT were unclear to more than 90% of junior doctors from other specialties. With the European Working Time Directive, cross-cover will be an increasing feature of life in the National Health Service; and, if abbreviations continue to be used in the traditional manner, medical notes may be incompletely understood by the doctor on call. The solution is either to ban abbreviations from medical notes or to distribute widely a list of those acceptable, with explanations.
Weight loss in a man from West Africa
Authors: Rabia Topan, Sophie James, Benjamin H Mullish, Sagen Zac-Varghese, Robert D Goldin, Robert Thomas, Jeremy Cox, Jonathan M Hoare
Journal: Gut (2015)

A 71-year-old man was investigated for recent unintentional weight loss of approximately 15 kg (>20% total body mass) within the past 3 months. His past medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and he was an ex-smoker with a 40 pack-year history. Resident in the UK for 50 years, he was originally from Sierra Leone with no recent travel history.

Examination revealed cachexia and lymphadenopathy. Admission blood tests demonstrated a white cell count of 12.1×109/L (with eosinophil level raised at 1.0×109/L), microcytic anaemia (haemoglobin of 109 g/L with mean cell volume (MCV) of 68 fl), hypoalbuminaemia (albumin of 20 g/L) and raised inflammatory markers (C reactive protein of 62 mg/L). Tissue transglutaminase IgA levels were within normal limits, with no evidence of IgA deficiency.

An abdominal CT with contrast was …
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Brain Abnormalities
Authors: Warren G. Guntheroth, Philip S. Spiers
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The protective effects of TanIIA on neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid protein through the Cdk5/P35 pathway in cultured primary neurons
Authors: Lili Shi, Weina Yang, Yihua Qian, Jianshui Zhang, Xinlin Chen, Yong Liu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background The characteristic pathological changes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include extracellular deposits of b-amyloid protein (Ab) in brain, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), as well as a few neuronal loss. Several lines of evidence show that, neurotoxicity, such as Ab, glutamate, and oxidative stress, can lead to calcium influx, then induce the cleavage of P35 into P25. P25 is not readily degraded, and binding of p25 to Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) constitutively activates Cdk5, changes its cellular location and alters its substrate specificity. The findings indicated that the p25/Cdk5 complex hyperphosphorylates tau which diminishes tau’s ability to associate with microtubules, disrupts the cytoskeleton and promotes the apoptosis of neurons. The level of P25 have been found to be elevated in brain of AD and overexpression of P25 in a transgenic mouse results in the formation of phosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive deficits. Thus, reducing intracellular calcium ion concentration, inhibiting the cleavage of P35 into P25 may be a new target for AD. Tanshinone IIA(Tan IIA) is one of ingredients of Tanshinone, appears to have neuroprotective effects. Our previous study indicated that Tan IIA can reduce intracellular calcium ion concentration, and has antioxidant effects. Yet, we presumed that Tan IIA may have effects on neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and so on.
Doctors should be protected by the Human Rights Act too
Authors: T. Lemon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Public perception of the medical profession is important.1 Occasionally this is jeopardised through misconduct that leads to possible cautions or convictions. The General Medical Council typically discovers misconduct through self declaration, patient concern, and Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks.2

In early 2013, the European Court declared that the UK wasn’t operating within the confines of the Human Rights …
TREATMENT OF ASTHMA BY AUTOGENOUS STREPTOCOCCAL VACCINES
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1921)

MANY workers have recorded favourable results from tlle vaccine treatment of astlhma, especially in the bronclhial type of tlle disease.During my last seven years in India 1 used the method extensively in Bengal, wlhere asthma is so common and difficult to treat, and I lhave already recorded favourable results in 13 cases1 from tlle use of autogenous streptococcal vaccines made fromi cultures from tlle sputum.Since that time I lhave treated, and followed up by correspondence as far as possible, a furthler larger number of cases, and am now able to record a second series :f 40 cas2s.As it would be tediotus to describe them in letail, I have classified them to bring out the degree of aenefit and the duration.of the effects obtained.'T'lie metllod consists simrply in makifig cultures from blie sputum, preferably that obtained during or soon after
Mast cell activation by fibrinogen-related homologous c-terminal peptides (haptides) modulates systemic blood pressure
Authors: Maamoun Basheer, Herzl Schwalb, Maoz Nesher, Dan Gilon, Irit Shefler, Yoseph A. Mekori, Oz M. Shapira, Raphael Gorodetsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Decreased skeletal muscle capillary density is related to higher serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in men
Authors: Naoko Shono, Masao Mizuno, Hirofumi Nishida, Yasuki Higaki, Hidenori Urata, Hiroaki Tanaka, Bjørn Quistorff, Bengt Saltin, Munohiro Shindo, Masahiro Nishizumi
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Auto-Experimentation
Authors: Lawrence K. Altman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Auto-experimentation has received little attention in the scientific literature and codes of ethics. When mentioned, it has been regarded sometimes as a foolhardy method though it is one of the strongest and yet least appreciated traditions in medical research. At least 185 investigators in four continents have served as subjects in 137 experiments over the last four centuries. Convenience, reliability, curiosity, availability, self-interest, a spirit of adventure, suicide and an ethical code were among the factors that investigators considered in experimenting on themselves. Investigators cannot serve as subjects in all scientific experiments. But the widespread practice of auto-experimentation raises a fundamental question about the philosophy of research: Is it ethical to subject another person to an experiment if the researcher did not do the experiment on himself first?
Successful xenografts of AML3 samples in immunodeficient NOD/shi-SCID IL2Rγ−/− mice
Authors: S Patel, Y Zhang, B Cassinat, F Zassadowski, N Ferré, W Cuccuini, J M Cayuela, P Fenaux, D Bonnet, C Chomienne, F Louache
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Chemodectoma: Additional Biography
Authors: Howard D. Dorfman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial, "Biography of a Word: Chemodectoma 1950-?" in the March 28, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>187</b>:1021) affords an opportunity to call attention to the curious way in which this group of tumors is treated in the<i>Cumulated Index Medicus</i>. The term "chemodectoma" is not an in dex heading, although "carotid body tumor" and "paraganglioma, nonchromaffin" are so used. Confusion is created by including chemodectomas of the glomus jugulare and glomus caroticum under the heading of "glomangioma," a group of unrelated tumors of arteriovenous anastomoses. The latter are not chemoreceptor tumors and bear no kinship to the nonchromaffin paragangliomas. This confusion seems to be another case of similar-sounding names beclouding the issue. The terms "glomangioma," "glomus tumor," or the newer "glomangiopericytoma" should be restricted to tumors of blood vessel origin derived from the pericytes of arteriovenous shunts or glomera.
Renin release and gene expression in intact rat kidney microvessels and single cells.
Authors: A D Everett, R M Carey, R L Chevalier, M J Peach, R A Gomez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To investigate whether newborn kidney microvessels and isolated single microvascular cells have the capacity to release renin and/or alter the expression of the renin gene in response to adenylate cyclase stimulation, newborn kidney microvessels were isolated and purified (95%) using an iron perfusion/enzymatic digestion technique. Incubation of microvessels with either vehicle (control; C) or 10(-5) M forskolin (F) in media resulted in an increase in microvessel cAMP (0.67 +/- 0.13 vs. 22 +/- 4.6 pmol/min per mg protein) (P less than 0.005) and renin released into the culture media (1,026 +/- 98 vs. 1,552 +/- 159 pg angiotensin I/h per mg protein) (P = 0.008) (C vs. F). Renin mRNA levels in the newborn kidney microvessels increased 1.6-fold with forskolin treatment. Renin release by isolated, single microvascular cells (with or without forskolin) was assessed using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Forskolin administration resulted in an increase in the number of renin-secreting cells without changes in the amount of renin secreted by individual cells. In conclusion, newborn kidney microvessels and isolated renin-releasing microvascular cells possess a functionally active adenylate cyclase whose short-term stimulation results in accumulation of cAMP, a significant increase in renin release, and an enhancement of renin gene expression. The increase in renin release is due to recruitment of microvascular cells secreting renin. Recruitment of hormone-secreting cells in response to stimuli may prove to be a mechanism of general biological importance shared by many endocrine cell types.
Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: Possible role in development of parenchymal extinction and portal hypertension
Authors: Ian R. Wanless, Florence Wong, Lawrence M. Blendis, Paul Greig, Jenny E. Heathcote, Gary Levy
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Obliterative lesions in portal veins (PVs) and hepatic veins (HVs) of all sizes are known to occur in cirrhotic livers. PV lesions have generally been attributed to thrombosis, but the pathogenesis of the HV (veno-occlusive) lesions is unknown. We have studied 61 cirrhotic livers removed at transplantation to clarify the prevalence, distribution, and pathogenesis of venous lesions, as well as the association of these lesions with other morphological features and clinical morbidity. Intimal fibrosis that is highly suggestive of healed HV or PV thrombosis was found in at least 70% and 36% of livers, respectively. The distribution of HV lesions was patchy and largely confined to veins between 0.1 and 3 mm in diameter, suggesting multifocal origin in small veins. PV lesions were more uniform throughout the liver, suggesting origin in large veins with propagation to the small veins. HV lesions were associated with regions of confluent fibrosis (focal parenchymal extinction), and PV lesions were associated with regional variation in the size of cirrhotic nodules and a history of bleeding varices. These observations suggest that thrombosis of medium and large PVs and HVs is a frequent occurrence in cirrhosis, and that these events are important in causing progression of cirrhosis.
Sandostatin LAR®: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and tolerability in acromegalic patients
Authors: Ioana Lancranjan, C. Bruns, P. Grass, P. Jaquet, J. Jervell, P. Kendall-Taylor, S.W.J. Lamberts, P. Marbach, H. Ørskov, G. Pagani, M. Sheppard, L. Simionescu
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
The Musculoskeletal System in Health and Disease
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Clinically oriented books on the musculoskeletal system are ordinarily to be found under the headings of Neurology, Orthopedics, Rheumatology, or Rehabilitation. This book will supplant none of such texts. The work contains chapters by 12 authors, all of professorial rank and representing many branches of preclinical and clinical sciences. About two thirds of the book consists of applied anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. These portions are well done, particularly those chapters describing regional function and clinical assessment. The diagrams and photographs are clear and informative. References are few, but carefully chosen and annotated, most ending in the year 1977. However, the third of the volume dealing with clinical entities is disappointing, the problem consisting of attempting too much in too little space. Each disease is given cursory treatment. For example, 27 metabolic bone diseases are listed, then discussed in seven pages. A table of myopathies and neuropathies fills one full
A CASE OF UNDULANT FEVER
Authors: W. S. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1930)

BLOUTiaz 861 beinig rnoted after absorption as before.The results of the direct agglutinatioin tests an(d the agglutinin absorption reactions clearly indicated a Br.a6bortus infection.Blood Ctl turc.-15ixcin. of the patient's blood witlidrawn on February 55th at the commencement of an evening rise of tempera- tlure gave completely negative results.Vriic.-A centrifuged deposit of urine (February 5t1h) wliich gave i2egative resuilts on cultturc was inoculated subeltaneously into a guiniea-pig.The animal was killed after twenty-one days.The post-mortem appearances slhowed nothing abnormal, and no organisums could be cultivated fiom the lymph glan(ds at the site of inOculittion, thie liver, spleenl, or heart blood.The guinea-pig's Serum agghiliinated Br. ab,)rtu.s(Hog) in a dilution of 1 in 80, and the Br.litc7itct.sisstrains iii diltutions of 1 in 20 to 1 in 40.These lilinigs are inconclusive, niormal serum effects being probably sulfficient to account for tiemr.Prior to the on3set of tUe attack the patient liad niot been in the habit of drinking an unusuial quantity of milk.During December, 1929, lie visited a farmnl thriee times, but-did niot partake of aniy milk there.Onl Decemiber 12t 1 he visited Lancashire and had porri(lge witih miiilk anid a glass of milk at Preston, whiile later in lie day lie dianik miiilk in Manchester.He returned to Edinburgi tile followinig day.It is of interest that Wilsonl and Nutt (1926)2 reported that 8.8 pe cenit. of niixed milk saniples obtainied in MjanchesterL contained Br. eborti.s.The sotiuce of infection in this case, lowevelr, remains obscure.IPojiuits of interest in tile case are:1. Teb l)ptiont had nio close assoici:it ion Withi tattle, anid was uiot it the lhalbit of driinkinig inusual amouits of iraw1miiilk.2. The applatrenit physical well-bie-ing of tlhe l)atieuit eveni in presencetof severe pyrexial attacks.3. The cleasn-cut results of agglutinisn absorption reactions, p)oiiiting definitely to ani infection wit iti Br. abortus.4. Slpontaneous disappearance of symptomnsl.aifter thle relativelv short period of six weeks frtom tle onset of the illnless.
Home nebulisers for airflow limitation.
Authors: G M Cochrane, J G Prior, P J Rees
Journal: BMJ (1985)

applied.They work best after a bath and should be used sparingly, in thin layers, and smoothed gently into the skin.Little is gained by applications more frequent than twice a day or by vigorous rubbing.Polyethylene gloves help to avoid atrophy of the applying hand.No two patients are the same, and guidelines can never cover everything.Above all, patients-and the parents of patients-should be told what benefis may be expected from topical corticosteroids and what harm they can do.As Helen Keller has said, "We cannot freely and wisely choose the right way for ourselves unless we know both good and evil."
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: M. S. Rhyu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

MutS and MutL are bacterial genes that have critical roles in DNA repair and recombination. Mutations in homologues of these genes cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma and are implicated in some sporadic (nonhereditary) colorectal cancers. Molecular functions of these genes have been defined through extensive work in bacteria and yeast. This article reviews and explores molecular events that require MutS and MutL , including mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and gense conversion. The mechanisms of action of eukaryotic MutS and MutL homologues are compared with those of their prokaryotic counterparts, and the relevance of these mechanisms to tumorigenesis is discussed. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:240–51]
Family planning needed to offset population growth
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The world population is projected to rise to at least 9.2 billion in 2050, an increase of 2.5 billion from today's 6.7 billion.

The largest increase will be in developing countries, according to the latest projections from the United Nations' population division. These projections are based on an assumption that fertility will continue falling in these countries. If fertility stays at current rates, the world population will increase by twice the suggested figure, with the population nearing 12 billion by 2050.

Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, director of the UN Population Fund, warns that millions of women “still lack access to safe and effective contraceptive services,” insisting …
Silicone gel treatment of extensive hypertrophic scarring following toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: G.M. Kavanagh, P. Page, M.M. Hanna
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Silicone gel treatment of extensive hypertrophic scarring following toxic epidermal necrolysis Get access G.M. Kavanagh, G.M. Kavanagh Department of Dermatology. Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park. South Australia. 5042 Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Page, P. Page Higashi Occupational Therapy. Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park. South Australia. 5042 Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Hanna M.M. Hanna Department of Dermatology. Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park. South Australia. 5042 Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 540–541, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03396.x Published: 01 April 1994
Phacoemulsification versus Trabeculectomy in Medically Uncontrolled Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma without Cataract
Authors: Clement C.Y. Tham, Yolanda Y.Y. Kwong, Nafees Baig, Dexter Y.L. Leung, Felix C.H. Li, Dennis S.C. Lam
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Treatment of Funguria
Authors: Annie Wong-Beringer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

We evaluated the use of antifungal agents in the treatment of uncomplicated funguria by reviewing all case reports and studies regarding the treatment of funguria published in the English language from 1960 to 1991 (MEDLINE). Adult patients treated for uncomplicated funguria were included. Patients with fungal pyelonephritis and/or other systemic fungal manifestations were excluded from our analysis. All investigations were assessed for study design, sample size, definition of significant funguria, treatment regimen, inclusion of predisposing risk factors in outcome analysis, end points of therapy, and patient follow-up. Direct comparison of the studies on the use of antifungals in the treatment of uncomplicated funguria was not possible given the differing definitions of significant funguria, inconsistent reporting of risk factors, varying treatment regimens, end points of therapy, and duration of follow-up. Case reports and studies involving antifungals such as amphotericin B bladder irrigation, miconazole nitrate bladder irrigation, ketoconazole, and flucytosine were reviewed. Amphotericin B bladder irrigation appeared to be most effective and ketoconazole the least effective treatment of uncomplicated funguria. Predisposing risk factors, such as the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter, appear to play an important role in the persistence of positive cultures and failure of pharmacologic interventions. Until prospective, well-controlled studies are performed, no recommendation can be made for the treatment of uncomplicated funguria. In symptomatic patients therapy is indicated; however, the best regimen is unknown.
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion and pleural thickening as a complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Madhav Dhodapkar, Steven H. Yale, H. C. Hoagland
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We report a case of pleural thickening and hemothorax in a 56‐year‐old male with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The association of this entity with CLL has not been previously reported. Awareness of this occurrence is essential to appropriate therapy for similar patients with CLL. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.