The Immune System, Immunoglobulins, and Some Disorders of the Lymphatic System
Authors: CHARLES G. CRADDOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

The UCLA Interdepartmental Conference1 March 1966The Immune System, Immunoglobulins, and Some Disorders of the Lymphatic SystemCHARLES G. CRADDOCK, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD R. ARQUILLA, M.D., WILLIAM H. HILDEMANN, M.D., WILLIAM A. SKOOG, M.D., F.A.C.P., ROBERT S. SPARKES, M.D., ALAN WINKELSTEIN, M.D.CHARLES G. CRADDOCK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD R. ARQUILLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM H. HILDEMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM A. SKOOG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT S. SPARKES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN WINKELSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-3-687 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDr. Charles G. Craddock: Our discussion will center around hematological disorders in which there are aberrations in some of the cell systems concerned with antibody synthesis. We will present current views of the cellular basis of immunity, immunoglobulin structure, and genetics and mechanisms of antibody action.Our topic today is vast: each section of this discussion could be the subject of a week-long symposium. Nevertheless, we hope to provide a broad framework and to have selected experts describe how certain areas in this large field are being probed. The role of the immune response in protecting against bacterial and viral...References1. UHRFINKELSTEINBAUMANN JWMSJB: Antibody formation. III. The primary and secondary antibody response to bacteriophage phi X 174 in guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 115: 655, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOWANSGESNERMCGREGOR JLBMDD: The immunological activity of lymphocytes, in Biological Activity of the Leucocyte, edited by WOLSTENHOLME, G. E. W., O'CONNOR, M. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1961, p. 32. Google Scholar3. CRADDOCKNAKAIFUKUTAVANSLAGER CGGSHLM: Proliferative activity of the lymphatic tissues of rats as studied with tritium-labeled thymidine. J. Exp. Med. 120: 389, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HIRSCHHORNBACHKOLODNYFIRSCHEINHASHEM KFRLILN: Immune response and mitosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Science 142: 1185, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BILLINGHAMSILVERS REWK: Some biological differences between thymocytes and lymphoid cells. Wistar Inst. Symp. Monog. 2: 41, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. THORBECKECOHEN GJMW: Immunological competence and responsiveness of the thymus. Ibid., p. 33. Google Scholar7. CRADDOCK CG: Bone marrow lymphocytes of the rat as studied by autoradiography. Acta Haemat. 33: 19, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. MILLER JF: The thymus and transplantation immunity. Brit. Med. Bull. 21: 111, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. BURNET FM: The immunological significance of the thymus: an extension of the clonal selection theory of immunity. Aust. Ann. Med. 11: 79, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. HILDEMANNHAAS WHR: Developmental changes in leukocytes in relation to immunological maturity, in Mechanisms of Immunological Tolerance, edited by HAŠEK, M., LENGEROVÁ, A., VOJTÍŠKOVÁ, M. Academic Press, Inc. (London) Ltd., London, 1962, p. 35. Google Scholar11. GOWANS JL: The fate of parental strain small lymphocytes in F 1 hybrid rats. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 99: 432, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. GOWANSMCGREGORCOWEN JLDDDM: Initiation of immune responses by small lymphocytes. Nature (London) 196: 651, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. MCGREGORGOWANS DDJL: The antibody response of rats depleted of lymphocytes by chronic drainage from the thoracic duct. J. Exp. Med. 117: 303, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. MCGREGORGOWANS DDJL: Survival of homografts of skin in rats depleted of lymphocytes by chronic drainage from the thoracic duct. Lancet 1: 629, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. HILDEMANNGALLAGHERWALFORD WHRERL: Pathologic changes in lymphoid tissues in early transplantation (runt) disease in mice. Amer. J. Pathol. 45: 481, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar16. HILDEMANN WH: Immunological properties of small blood lymphocytes in the graft-versus-host reaction in mice. Transplantation 2: 38, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. TURKSTONE JLSH: Implications of the cellular changes in lymph nodes during the development and inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity, in Cell-Bound Antibodies, edited by AMOS, D. B., KOPROWSKI, H. The Wistar Institute Press, Philadelphia, 1963, p. 51. Google Scholar18. MILLER JF: The thymus and the development of immunologic responsiveness. Science 144: 1544, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. NORMANSASAKIOTTOMANFINGERHUT AMSREAG: Lymphocyte lifetime in women. Science 147: 745, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. GRAETZERWOLFEASPINALLMEYER MAHRRLRK: Effect of thymectomy and bursectomy on precipitin and natural hemagglutinin production in the chicken. J. Immun. 90: 878, 1963. MedlineGoogle Scholar21. SCHREK R: Prolonged survival time of human leukemic lymphocytes in vitro. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 116: 298, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. ELVESROATHTAYLORISRAËLS MWSGMC: The in-vitro production of antibody lymphocytes. Lancet 1: 1292, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar23. MACKINNEYSTOHLMANBRECHER AAFG: The kinetics of cell proliferation in cultures of human peripheral blood. Blood 19: 349, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar24. NOWELL PC: Phytohemagglutinin: an initiator of mitosis in cultures of normal human leukocytes. Cancer Res. 20: 462, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar25. COOPERBARKHANHALE EHPAD: Mitogenic activity of phytohemagglutinin. Lancet 2: 210, 1961. CrossrefGoogle Scholar26. BACHHIRSCHHORN FK: Gamma-globulin production by human lymphocytes in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 32: 592, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar27. TORELLIGROSSIARTUSIEMILIA UGTG: RNA and protein synthesis in normal peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. A radioautographic study. Acta Haemat. (Basel) 30: 129, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar28. FORBES IJ: Specific and non-specific stimulation of antibody synthesis by human leucocytes in vitro. Lancet 1: 198, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar29. BAINVASLOWENSTEIN BMRL: The development of large immature mononuclear cells in mixed leukocyte cultures. Blood 23: 108, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar30. BACHHIRSCHHORN FK: Lymphocyte interaction: a potential histocompatibility test in vitro. Science 143: 813, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar31. FUDENBERGHIRSCHHORN HHK: Agammaglobulinemia: the fundamental defect. Science 145: 611, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar32. HIRSCHHORNSCHREIBMANBACHSITZBACH KRRFHLE: In-vitro studies of lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis and lymphoproliferative diseases. Lancet 2: 842, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar33. BURTINBUFFE PD: Immunofluorescent studies of human plasma cells in gamma and beta-2A myelomas. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 114: 171, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar34. SOLOMONFAHEYMALMGREN AJLRA: Immunohistologic localization of gamma-1 macroglobulins, beta-2A-myeloma proteins, 6.6 S gamma-myeloma proteins and Bence Jones proteins. Blood 21: 403, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar35. HEREMANSVAERMANVAERMAN JFJC: Studies on the immune globulins of human serum. II. A study of the distribution of anti-brucella and anti-diphtheria antibody activities among γSS-, γIM- and γIA-globulin fractions. J. Immun. 91: 11, 1963. MedlineGoogle Scholar36. WALDENSTRÖMWINBLADHÄLLÉNLIUNGMAN JSJS: The occurrence of serological "antibody" reagins or similar γ-globulins in conditions with monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, such as myeloma, macroglobulinemia, etc. Acta Med. Scand. 176: 619, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar37. SOLOMONWALDMANNFAHEY ATAJL: Clinical and experimental metabolism of normal 6.6S γ-globulin in normal subjects and in patients with macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 62: 1, 1963. MedlineGoogle Scholar38. OSSERMANTAKATSUKI EFK: Plasma cell myeloma: gamma globulin synthesis and structure. A review of biochemical and clinical data, with the description of a newly-recognized and related syndrome, "H-gamma-2-chain (Franklin's) disease." Medicine (Balt.) 42: 357, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar39. TOMASI TB: Human gamma globulin. Blood 25: 382, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar40. FRANKLINLOWENSTEINBIGELOWMELTZER ECJBM: Heavy chain disease—a new disorder of serum γ-globulins. Amer. J. Med. 37: 332, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar41. FLEISCHMANPORTERPRESS JBRREM: The arrangement of the peptide chains in gamma-globulin. Biochem. J. 88: 220, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar42. YANOFSKYCARLTONGUESTHELINSKIHENNING CBCJRDRU: On the colinearity of gene structure and protein structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 51: 266, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar43. BENNETTDREYER JCWJ: Genetic coding for protein structure. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 33: 205, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar44. FUDENBERGFRANKLIN HHEC: Human gamma globulin: genetic control and its relation to disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 58: 171, 1963. LinkGoogle Scholar45. FUDENBERGHEREMANSFRANKLIN HHJFEC: A hypothesis for the genetic control of synthesis of the gamma-globulins. Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 104: 155, 1963. MedlineGoogle Scholar46. CHARACHEROSENJANEWAYCRAIGROSENBERG PFSCAJMHA: Acquired agammaglobulinaemia in siblings. Lancet 1: 234, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar47. EISENKARPATILASZLOANDERMANNROBBBACAL AHGTFJPHL: Immunologic deficiency in ataxia telangiectasia. New Eng. J. Med. 272: 18, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar48. PETERSONKELLYGOOD RDWDRA: Ataxia-telangiectasia: its association with a defective thymus, immunological-deficiency disease, and malignancy. Lancet 1: 1189, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar49. TABER P: Recurrent infections and immune deficient states in children. Calif. Med. 101: 9, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar50. ZAKGOOD SJRA: Immunochemical studies of human serum gamma globulins. J. Clin. Invest. 38: 579, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar51. ZIFF M: Genetics, hypersensitivity and the connective tissue diseases. Amer. J. Med. 30: 1, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar52. FUDENBERGGERMANKUNKEL HJLHG: The occurrence of rheumatoid factor and other abnormalities in families of patients with agammaglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum. 5: 565, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar53. WITEBSKYROSETERPLANPAINEEGAN ENRKJRRW: Chronic thyroiditis and autoimmunization. JAMA 164: 1439, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar54. PATERSON PY: Transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by means of lymph node cells. J. Exp. Med. 111: 119, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar55. DIXONFELDMANVAZQUEZ FJJDJJ: Experimental glomerulonephritis. The pathogenesis of a laboratory model resembling the spectrum of human glomerulonephritis. J. Exp. Med. 113: 899, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar56. DANDLIKERSCHAPIROMEDUSKIALONSOFEIGENHAMBRICK WBHCJWRGAJR: Application of fluorescence polarization to the antigen-antibody reaction. Immunochemistry 1: 165, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar57. CHRISTIAN CL: Characterization of the "reactant" (gamma globulin factor) in the F II precipitin reaction and the F II tanned sheep cell agglutination test. J. Exp. Med. 108: 139, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar58. ISHIZAKAISHIZAKA KT: Biologic activity of aggregated γ-globulin. II. A study of various methods for aggregation and species differences. J. Immun. 85: 163, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar59. LEPOWNAFFTODDPENSKYHINZ IHGBEWJCF: Chromatographic resolution of the first component of human complement into three activities. J. Exp. Med. 117: 983, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar60. LEVYLEPOW LRIH: Assay and properties of serum inhibitor of C'1-esterase. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 101: 608, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar61. ROSENCHARACHEPENSKYDONALDSON FSPJV: Hereditary angioneurotic edema: two genetic variants. Science 148: 957, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar62. MÜLLER-EBERHARDCALCOTTMARDINEY HJMAMR: Conversion of βIC-globulin by C'2a. Fed. Proc. 23: 506, 1964. Google Scholar63. WARDCOCHRANE PACG: Bound complement and immunologic injury of blood vessels. J. Exp. Med. 121: 215, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar64. ROWEFAHEY DCJL: A new class of human immunoglobulins. II. Normal serum IGD. J. Exp. Med. 121: 185, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES G. CRADDOCK, M.D., F.A.C.P.; EDWARD R. ARQUILLA, M.D.; WILLIAM H. HILDEMANN, M.D.; WILLIAM A. SKOOG, M.D., F.A.C.P.; ROBERT S. SPARKES, M.D.; ALAN WINKELSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: Los Angeles, CaliforniaThis is an edited transcription of an Interdepartmental Clinical Case Conference of the School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.This study was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant CA 0716-02 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Charles G. Craddock, M.D., Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLymphatic Leukaemia associated with Dysproteinaemia in Ferrets 1 March 1966Volume 64, Issue 3Page: 687-708KeywordsGeneticsHematology and oncologyHemoglobinImmune responseImmune systemImmunityLymphatic systemMultiple myelomaMyelomaProteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...