tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Management of Emotional Problems in Medicine
Authors: L. M. Mumford
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Those physicians engaged in primary care are daily confronted with patients who have emotional and mental disorders or exaggerated responses to disease. A book that provides primary care physicians with practical approaches to treating these difficult patients and to clarifying the role the primary care physician can or should assume with these patients, would be an indispensable addition to the physician's library. Dr Lurie should be congratulated for attempting to provide nonpsychiatrists with such a book. Unfortunately, his monograph falls short of providing primary care physicians with an indispensable reference.  Dr Lurie ambitiously addresses the topics of normal psychological development from childhood to old age, commonly encountered problem patients (eg, the hostile patient), common psychoses and affective disorders, crisis intervention, behavior modification, alcoholism, post-traumatic stress disorder, dying patients, counseling, and even effective office interior decorating. He directs his writing specifically to the outpatient practice of private practitioners of primary care
Faculty-Practice Plans
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The era of large, full-time clinical departments in our medical schools began soon after World War II with the rise of the subspecialties and the rapid expansion of clinical research. Before then, most medical schools had relatively small full-time clinical faculties and relied heavily on the part-time voluntary services of local practitioners to carry the burden of clinical teaching. But during the halcyon days of the 1950s and 1960s the full-time system, nourished by the largess of government and the private foundations, grew until it became the predominant mode of clinical instruction. Funding for research and research training was generous . . .
Nonneoplastic Intracranial Lesions Simulating Neoplasms on Computed Tomographic Scan
Authors: Nicholas Kandalaft, Jan Diehl, Edward A. Neuwelt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CEREBRAL neuroradiological diagnostic tools have improved vastly since the introduction of radiology. Ventriculography was soon followed by angiography and radionuclide scanning. With the advent of computed tomographic (CT) scanning, high hopes were attached to its ability to provide accurate preoperative presumptive histological diagnoses of multiple intracranial lesions. Nonetheless, the combined modalities of radionuclide scanning, cerebral angiography, and CT scanning, even with clinical data, still cannot provide a 100% correct preoperative presumptive histological diagnosis, although a high percentage of correct diagnoses is possible. Initiation of treatment without obtaining a histological diagnosis remains hazardous. In this regard, we wish to present four cases that were encountered on the General Neurosurgical Service at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, between January 1978 and June 1980. In these cases, neuroradiological findings provided a preoperative or premortem presumptive diagnosis, or both, that was subsequently proved incorrect. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> The patient
Pathogen-induced chemokine secretion from model intestinal epithelium is inhibited by lipoxin A4 analogs.
Authors: A T Gewirtz, B McCormick, A S Neish, N A Petasis, K Gronert, C N Serhan, J L Madara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Enteric pathogens induce intestinal epithelium to secrete chemokines that direct movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Mechanisms that might downregulate secretion of these proinflammatory chemokines and thus contain intestinal inflammation have not yet been elucidated. The antiinflammatory activities exhibited by the arachidonate metabolite lipoxin A4 (LXA4) suggests that this eicosanoid, which is biosynthesized in vivo at sites of inflammation, might play such a role. We investigated whether chemokine secretion could be regulated by stable analogs of LXA4. Monolayers of T84 intestinal epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella typhimurium, which elicits secretion of distinct apical (pathogen-elicited epithelial chemoattractant) and basolateral (IL-8) chemokines. Stable analogs of LXA4 inhibited S. typhimurium-induced (but not phorbol ester-induced) secretion of both IL-8 and pathogen-elicited epithelial chemoattractant. LXA4 stable analogs did not alter bacterial adherence to nor internalization by epithelia, indicating that LXA4 stable analogs did not block all signals that Salmonella typhimurium activates in intestinal epithelia, but likely led to attenuation of signals that mediate chemokine secretion. Inhibition of S. typhimurium-induced IL-8 secretion by LXA4 analogs was concentration- (IC50 approximately 1 nM) and time-dependent (maximal inhibition approximately 1 h). As a result of these effects, LXA4 stable analogs inhibited the ability of bacteria-infected epithelia to direct polymorphonuclear leukocyte movement. These data suggest that LXA4 and its stable analogs may be useful in downregulating active inflammation at mucosal surfaces.
Oral Contraceptives and Increased Formation of Soluble Fibrin
Authors: L. O. Pilgeram, J. Ellison, G. V. D. Bussche
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Soluble fibrin was measured weekly for two months in 12 normal women and in 12 women on combined oestrogen-progestogen therapy (Ortho-Novin, Norinyl, Enavid, Ovral, Ovulen, Demulen). Plasma soluble fibrin concentration in women on oral contraceptives showed an increase of 97.2% (P <0.001) above that of normal women. In three cases, where each woman on the oral contraceptive served as her own control, stopping medication led to a return to normal of the plasma content of soluble fibrin.
Assessing the quality of life of patients with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition.
Authors: D M Richards, M H Irving
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: A study was performed to measure the quality of life of patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Quality of life is an important determinant of the effectiveness of health technologies, but it has rarely been assessed in patients receiving HPN. AIMS: To measure quality of life and highlight any moderating factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quality of life was measured using two validated instruments (SF 36 and EuroQol) in 51 patients with intestinal failure. All patients had benign disease, the commonest being Crohn9s disease (n = 35). RESULTS: HPN patient scores were worse for six of eight SF 36 domains (p &lt; 0.05) compared with standard population scores. Younger patients (&lt; 45) had good scores but older patients (&gt; 55 years) scored significantly less. Patients addicted to narcotic substances had very low scores. EuroQol utility scores confirmed the SF results. Forty one patients reported that they felt too ill to work and only five were in full time work or education. CONCLUSIONS: The health status profile of our young patients on HPN was good compared with the normal population. The poorest scores were in older patients and those dependent on narcotic drugs. This has clinical and economic relevance when considering such patients for HPN.
PWE-168 Crypt Cell Dysplasia with Maturation in Barrett’S Esophagus Shows Clonal Identity between the Crypt and Surface Cells
Authors: S Khan, S McDonald, N A Wright, O D Robert, M Rodriguez-Justo, T A Graham, S Zeki
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dysplasia in epithelia is an important histological diagnosis although the specific genetic changes which are responsible for this phenotypic change are unknown. Recent reports indicate that the dysplastic phenotype may not be immutable: in basal crypt dysplasia like atypia (BCDA), unequivocal dysplasia is seen in the crypts in Barrett›s oesophagus and other pre-invasive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, but the upper crypts and surface epithelium associated with these dysplastic crypts show a differentiated epithelium. The genotypic relationship between the BCDA and the differentiated surface epithelium is unclear. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained 17 examples of BCDA: the lower crypts and upper crypts and surface epithelium were differentially lazer-microdissected from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections and mutations were sought in tumour suppressor genes frequently associated with progression in Barrett’s oesophagus. <h3>Results</h3> Two patients showed a c.C238T mutation in the p16 (CDKN2A, p16Ink4A) gene and where the precise microanatomical relationships could be discerned: this clonal p16 mutation was present in both the BCDA at the crypt base and in the upper crypt and surface epithelium. This shows that the surface epithelium is derived from the dysplastic crypt epithelium: the dysplastic phenotype is therefore not fixed and can be reversed. Two patients showed a c.C238T mutation in the p16 (CDKN2A, p16Ink4A) gene and where the precise microanatomical relationships could be discerned: this clonal p16 mutation was present in both the BCDA at the crypt base and in the upper crypt and surface epithelium. This shows that the surface epithelium is derived from the dysplastic crypt epithelium: the dysplastic phenotype is therefore not fixed and can be reversed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The mechanism of this change is unclear: dysplastic cells may, probably at an earlystage in their progression, respond to differentiation signals. We are some way from a definition of the genotypic correlates of thedysplastic phenotype, and from an understanding of its plasticity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
FACTORS INFLUENCING HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS
Authors: William D. Boring, D. Murray Angevine, Duard L. Walker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

A study was made of the pathogenesis of infection due to the Conn.-5 strain of Coxsackie virus in 4 to 5 day old infant mice, untreated adult mice, and adult mice treated with cortisone. The quantitative distribution of virus and the evolution of lesions in different tissues were followed for the first 7 days of the infection. Virus dissemination was prompt and widespread via the blood in all groups. In 4 to 5 day old infant mice viral multiplication and cellular injury occurred in many organs and tissues, while in untreated adult mice these processes were largely limited to the pancreas, even though infecting virus appeared to be equally available to other tissues from the blood. Treatment of adult mice with a single injection of 2.5 mg. cortisone resulted in viral multiplication and tissue damage in several sites in addition to the pancreas, the most marked occurring in the liver and heart. In a consideration of possible mechanisms involved, it was thought unlikely that the differences in the course of the disease in the three groups could be attributed solely to differences in the specific immune response. It is suggested that developmental changes in cells and tissues, perhaps related to cellular metabolism and alterable by cortisone administration, are the major factors determining the location and extent of viral multiplication and tissue injury in this infection in mice.
Control of cardiac excitability by microRNAs
Authors: B. Yang, Y. Lu, Z. Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The pathological process of the heart is associated with an altered expression profile of genes that are important for cardiac function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as one of the central players of gene expression regulation. The implications of miRNAs in the pathological process of the cardiovascular system have recently been recognized, and research on miRNAs in relation to cardiovascular disease has now become a most rapidly evolving field. In this review, we focus on miRNAs and control of cardiac excitability, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview on the available experimental data on regulation of cardiac conduction, repolarization, and automaticity by miRNAs. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in the diseased state of the heart and their arrhythmogenic or anti-arrhythmic potential will be discussed. Finally, the innovative miRNA-interference technologies developed lately for manipulating the action of miRNAs by interfering with their expression, stability, and function as new approaches for miRNA research and gene therapy will be introduced.
Hypercalcaemia after tamoxifen for breast cancer.
Authors: G J Rees
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Recent literature highlights that ozone therapy could be considered a viable adjuvant therapy in oncological patients receiving radio-chemotherapy. The use of ozone therapy in these patients enhances the action of chemotherapy and at the same time reduces side-effects, such as nausea, vomiting, opportunistic infections, buccal ulcers, hair loss and fatigue. Such positive therapeutic effects of ozone therapy can cause a larger physical and mental wellbeing resulting in improved quality of life. This work reviews the recent acquisition of scientific knowledge regarding the ozone therapy and highlights the molecular and cellular pathways involved.
Abstract 487: Invasion characteristics of tumor cells in a glioblastoma model of genetically modified neural stem cells
Authors: Oltea Sampetrean, Isako Saga, Satoru Osuka, Hideyuki Saya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Although several types of cells in the brain are able to migrate during development or even in adulthood, only cells of high grade malignancies exhibit an invasive phenotype. The present study aims to characterize the differences between infiltrating tumor cells and their cells of origin using a model of genetically-induced glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs) in the syngeneic mouse adult brain. Methods: Neural stem cells/ multipotent progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of adult C57BL/6 mice with a homozygous deletion of the Ink4a/ARF locus and cultured as neurospheres. GICs were established by overexpression of H-RasV12 in the NSCs/NPCs. Tumor cells were isolated from the tumors formed by orthotopic implantation of the GICs into 6-week-old wild type mice and propagated as tumorspheres (TS). The motility of each type of cells and their response to various chemoattractants was assessed using in vitro migration assays. Their preference for anatomical structures and their ability to infiltrate the surrounding normal brain was analyzed by tracking the cells in cultured coronal brain slices established from stereotactically-implanted mice. Results: In vitro, both tumor cells and NSCs exhibited a similar degree of motility, but consistently varied in their response to a panel of chemoattractants. Compared to NSCs, GICs and TS responded only slightly to single growth factors or cytokines, but showed significant responses to combinations of chemoattractants. The most marked increase in migration was triggered by the supernatant of cultured tumor cells. Supernatants obtained from GICs, TS or human glioma cell lines induced migration to a similar degree. Timelapse microscopy confirmed motility of both normal and tumor cells, with all three groups being able to move both within the cortex and within the striatum, and both along blood vessels and fiber tracts. However, NSCs/NPCs did not leave the injection site as single cells, while GICs and TS entered and infiltrated the normal brain as solitary cells. This pattern of migration was greatly reduced by the administration of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our results show that tumor invasion is multifactorial, with both autocrine secretion of several factors, as well as a mesenchymal phenotype being key regulators. Moreover, the mesenchymal phenotype in itself is a targetable attribute and should be assessed in patient samples in order to adjust anti-invasive therapy when warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 487. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-487
A High Risk of Hospitalization Following Release From Correctional Facilities in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Emily A. Wang, Yongfei Wang, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Little is known about the risk of individuals who are released from correctional facilities, a time when there may be discontinuity in care. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the risk for hospitalizations among former inmates soon after their release from correctional facilities. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Participants</h3> Data from Medicare administrative claims for 110 419 fee-for-service beneficiaries who were released from a correctional facility from 2002 through 2010 and controls matched by age, sex, race, Medicare status, and residential zip code. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Hospitalization rates and specifically those for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions 7, 30, and 90 days after release. <h3>Results</h3> Of 110 419 released inmates, 1559 individuals (1.4%) were hospitalized within 7 days after release; 4285 individuals (3.9%) within 30 days; and 9196 (8.3%) within 90 days. The odds of hospitalization was higher for released inmates compared with those of matched controls (within 7 days: odds ratio [OR], 2.5 [95% CI, 2.3-2.8]; within 30 days: OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 2.0-2.2]; and within 90 days: OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.7-1.9]). Compared with matched controls, former inmates were more likely to be hospitalized for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (within 7 days: OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.4-2.1]; within 30 days: OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.5-1.8]; and within 90 days: OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.5-1.7]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> About 1 in 70 former inmates are hospitalized for an acute condition within 7 days of release, and 1 in 12 by 90 days, a rate much higher than in the general population.
Psychophysiology in psychiatry: new perspectives in the study of mental disorders.
Authors: Silvana Galderisi, Armida Mucci
Journal: World Psychiatry (2002)

The activity of the WPA Section on Psychophysiology is aimed to favour the development and dissemination of psychophysiological techniques in the study of the neurobiological bases of mental disorders, and to promote the collaboration among different groups actively involved in this research field.

A renewed attention to psychophysiological methods in psychiatric research has been brought about by recent theories proposing that psychopathological phenomena do not result from a dysfunction of one or more brain regions, but from the failure to integrate the activity of different areas involved in cognitive processes (1). In this perspective, neurobiological research should tap the dynamics of complex interactions over time among cerebral regions involved in the poorly integrated cognitive processes. The pursuit of this goal requires the use of techniques with high sensitivity to the smoothest deviation in complex and integrated processes that last fractions of seconds. Techniques with these characteristics might also contribute to our understanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs on the central nervous system: it is increasingly acknowledged, in fact, that psychotropic drugs act by modifying the connectivity within largely distributed corticosubcortical neural circuits. Thus, brain imaging studies on receptor occupancy or modifications of cerebral blood flow or metabolism should be complemented by psychophysiological indices of integrated brain processes.

This brief report will illustrate some recent developments in psychophysiological research, to which some members of the Section have significantly contributed, that might help integrating time and space information to improve our understanding of psychopathological processes and psychotropic drug action. Due to space limitation, we will concentrate on findings concerning schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs.
Induction of Inflammatory Response of Mice Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Is Modulated by CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells
Authors: HIDEKAZU FUJIMAKI, NAOYA UI, TOMOHIKO ENDO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) increased airway inflammatory responses and airway responsiveness to allergen challenge. To clarify the roles of T cells in DE exposure–induced early inflammation, we studied the effect of CD4 and CD8 cells on the effect DE might have on allergic inflammation by using monoclonal antibody-mediated cellular depletion assays. In the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, the numbers of inflammatory cells from 3 mg/m3 DE-exposed and ovalbumin (OVA)–immunized mice markedly increased. Depletion of CD4+ cells resulted in reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells. DE exposure to OVA-immunized mice significantly increased interleukin (IL)-1 β production but decreased IL-12 production. DE exposure significantly enhanced production of the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1 α and MIP-2, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and regulated upon activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES). Treatment with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs abrogated the adverse effect of DE exposure. In CLN cells from OVA + DE-exposed mice, CD45R/B220-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-positive cells were significantly increased, but the OVA-stimulated cytokine production remained at the same levels with OVA-immunized mice. These findings suggest that the induction of early inflammatory responses by DE exposure may initially be related to the modulated function of lymphocyte subpopulations.
Intake of micronutrients in Britain's poorest fifth has declined
Authors: S. Leather, E. Dowler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The Rome Declaration on World Food Security , adopted on 13 November 1996, affirms the “right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger.”1 Hunger and inadequate food intakes are not confined to developing countries; poor people in Britain have also experienced a decline in food security over the past decade. The report Low Income, Food, Nutrition and Health: Strategies for Improvement …
Proportionate increase of fibrinogen and albumin synthesis in nephrotic patients: Measurements with stable isotopes
Authors: Monique G.M. de Sain-van der Velden, George A. Kaysen, Kees de Meer, Frans Stellaard, Hieronymus A.M. Voorbij, Dirk-Jan Reijngoud, Ton J. Rabelink, Hein A. Koomans
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Health Care Spending Concentrated on a Few
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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