tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of facemask spirometry in motor neurone disease (MND)
Authors: Sandip Banerjee, Ian Smith, Michael Davies, Rebecca Chadwick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In MND, NICE (UK) recommend considering non-invasive ventilation (NIV) when FVC values fall below 50% predicted. Patients with bulbar/facial weakness often fail to achieve a seal using a mouthpiece (tube). Thus tube spirometry may not reflect the patient9s true respiratory reserve. We have compared facemask (mask) to tube spirometry in 60 MND subjects recruited at a specialist clinic.   Methods:  Spirometry was performed via mask and tube in random order. Since FVC is a maximal manoeuvre, a greater value was assumed to be more accurate. The Bland-Altman method of agreement between 2 measures was used. The bulbar component of ALSFRS r score was correlated to FVC values.   Results:  The mean age was 64.6 (SD 10.45) years and M:F ratio was 1.5. Satisfactory FVC was obtained in all 60 subjects via mask, and 54 via tube.  When bulbar ALSFRS r score  8.  From the Bland-Altman plot, mask FVC was greater than tube in 86% subjects when FVC  50% predicted.   Conclusion:  Mask spirometry provides a more accurate measure of respiratory reserve in selected patients with MND. Further work is planned to identify its prognostic value.
The effect of lipopolysaccharide-contaminated ovalbumin on airway inflammation and remodeling in a chronic murine asthma model
Authors: Mi-Jung Oh, Jae-Won Paeng, Jin-Young Lee, Byung-Jae Lee, Dong-Chull Choi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : The contaminated lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in commercial ovalbumin(OVA) may affect the immune response to OVA in a murine asthma model. We hypothesized that LPS in commercial OVA can decrease allergen induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling.   Methods : BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with OVA emulsified with aluminum hydroxide on day 0 and 14. Phosphate buffered saline, commercial OVA or LPS-depleted OVA was instilled intranasally two times a week for six weeks from day 21. At 24hrs after the last OVA exposure, airway hyperresponsiveness was measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BALF) and lung tissues were collected 48hrs after the last OVA exposure. Goblet cell hyperplasia and subepithelial fibrosis were quantified by immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric techniques. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure IL-4, MUC5AC, and MMP-9 levels in BALF.   Results : Airway hyperresponsiveness, total cell numbers in BALF, and goblet cell hyperplasia were not different between commercial OVA and LPS-depleted OVA group. However, in the commercial OVA group, BALF neutrophils were greater and eosinophilis were lower than in LPS-depleted OVA group in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In BALB/c mice, subepithelial fibrosis and IL-4 and MMP-9 levels in BALF were significantly less in commercial OVA group compared with the LPS-depleted OVA group.   Conclusion : The LPS contamination in commercial OVA decreased the influx of eosinophils in the airways in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and inhibited subepithelial fibrosis in BALB/c mice after chronic OVA exposure.
Efficacy of Retinoids in IKZF1-Mutated BCR-ABL1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Michelle L. Churchman, Jonathan Low, Chunxu Qu, Elisabeth M. Paietta, Lawryn H. Kasper, Yunchao Chang, Debbie Payne-Turner, Mark J. Althoff, Guangchun Song, Shann-Ching Chen, Jing Ma, Michael Rusch, Dan McGoldrick, Michael Edmonson, Pankaj Gupta, Yong-Dong Wang, William Caufield, Burgess Freeman, Lie Li, John C. Panetta, Sharyn Baker, Yung-Li Yang, Kathryn G. Roberts, Kelly McCastlain, Ilaria Iacobucci, Jennifer L. Peters, Victoria E. Centonze, Faiyaz Notta, Stephanie M. Dobson, Sasan Zandi, John E. Dick, Laura Janke, Junmin Peng, Kiran Kodali, Vishwajeeth Pagala, Jaeki Min, Anand Mayasundari, Richard T. Williams, Cheryl L. Willman, Jacob Rowe, Selina Luger, Ross A. Dickins, R. Kiplin Guy, Taosheng Chen, Charles G. Mullighan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Epidemiological study of bronchial asthma among preparatory school pupils in Assiut district
Authors: Alameldin Abdallah, Khalid Sanusy, Wafaa Shaaban, Dalia Mahran, Aliae Hussin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: The prevalence of asthma and allergies is increasing in both western and developing countries. Few studies evaluated asthma prevalence in Egypt.

Aims: Determination of the prevalence and risk factors of asthma among preparatory school children in Assiut district, in upper Egypt.

Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among preparatory school students in Assiut city and two rural areas in Assiut governorate in upper Egypt. Twelve schools were selected randomly from different regions in Assiut city and two rurals areas. The total coverage of the students included was 1048 (482 boys and 566 girls).

Data were collected by self administered questionnaire (in Arabic Language) which was fulfilled by the participants.

Results: Of the 1048 positively responding subjects, 65 fitted the diagnosis of asthma with over all prevalence of 6.2%. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P: 0.075).

A positive family history of allergy and the presence of other allergic disease were significantly associated risk factors for asthma.

Exposure to dust, cigarette smoke, playing and physical activity, and common cold attacks were the most common triggering factors for asthma exacerbations followed by other factors such as special foods or drinks.

Conclusion: Bronchial asthma is a significant health problem among children and adolescents in Assiut governorate and needs special care services. Wider scale multi-center studies in upper Egypt and other localities of Egypt are needed to outline the profile of bronchial asthma among children and adolescents in the whole country.
Glucose Turnover and Gluconeogenesis During Hypocaloric Glucose Infusion in Tumor-Bearing F344 Male Rats2
Authors: Stephen F. Lowry, Jeffrey A. Norton, Catherine M. Gorschboth, Murray F. Brennan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Glucose turnover ([3-3H]glucose) and gluconeogenesis from alanine ([U-14C]alanine) were measured in non-tumor-bearing (NTB) and tumor-bearing (TB) inbred F344 male rats during starvation and in response to graded levels of glucose infusion. All groups demonstrated a glucose turnover appropriate to the prevailing steady-state plasma glucose level. Whereas NTB animals exhibited maximal suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine at infusion rates of 0.39 mg/100 g total body weight/minute, TB animals suppressed alanine-to-glucose conversion only at a glucose infusion rate of 0.71 mg/100 g total body weight/minute. Glucose clearance was consistently higher in TB groups but did not change in either NTB or TB groups during infusion. Blood lactate levels increased in response to glucose infusion only in TB animals. These results suggested that starved TB animals obligately utilized more glucose than did NTB controls but were able to adjust turnover appropriately to plasma glucose levels. However, gluconeogenesis was suppressed only at higher glucose infusion rates in TB rats compared to NTB animals.
Lung Cancer Resection at Hospitals With High vs Low Mortality Rates
Authors: Tyler R. Grenda, Sha’Shonda L. Revels, Huiying Yin, John D. Birkmeyer, Sandra L. Wong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Wide variations in mortality rates exist across hospitals following lung cancer resection; however, the factors underlying these differences remain unclear.To evaluate perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent lung cancer resection at hospitals with very high and very low mortality rates (high-mortality hospitals [HMHs] and low-mortality hospitals [LMHs]) to better understand the factors related to differences in mortality rates after lung cancer resection.In this retrospective cohort study, 1279 hospitals that were accredited by the Commission on Cancer were ranked on a composite measure of risk-adjusted mortality following major cancer resections performed from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2006. We collected data from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2007, on 645 lung resections in 18 LMHs and 25 HMHs. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we used hierarchical logistic regression to examine differences in the incidence of complications and "failure-to-rescue" rates (defined as death following a complication).Rates of adherence to processes of care, incidence of complications, and failure to rescue following complications.Among 645 patients who received lung resections (441 in LMHs and 204 in HMHs), the overall unadjusted mortality rates were 1.6% (n = 7) vs 10.8% (n = 22; P < .001) for LMHs and HMHs, respectively. Following risk adjustment, the difference in mortality rates was attenuated (1.8% vs 8.1%; P < .001) but remained significant. Overall, complication rates were higher in HMHs (23.3% vs 15.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% CI, 0.99-3.21), but this difference was not significant. The likelihood of any surgical (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.26-2.00) or cardiopulmonary (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.70-2.16) complications was similar between LMHs and HMHs. However, failure-to-rescue rates were significantly higher in HMHs (25.9% vs 8.7%; aOR, 6.55; 95% CI, 1.44-29.88).Failure-to-rescue rates are higher at HMHs, which may explain the large differences between hospitals in mortality rates following lung cancer resection. This finding emphasizes the need for better understanding of the factors related to complications and their subsequent management.
Sun exposure before and after a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma: estimated by developments in serum vitamin D, skin pigmentation and interviews
Authors: L.W. Idorn, P.A. Philipsen, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Background Previous studies on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure before and after a diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) have been based primarily on questionnaires. Objective measures are needed. Objectives To assess changes in UVR exposure in patients with CMM using objective surrogate parameters in a descriptive study. Methods Ten patients recently diagnosed with CMM during the 5 months (autumn and winter) preceding study start in February 2009; 21 patients diagnosed from 12 months to 6 years before study start; and 15 controls, who matched the recently diagnosed patients on age, sex, residential area, constitutive skin type and occupation completed the investigations. UVR exposure before and after diagnosis of CMM was assessed using measures of serum 25‐hydro vitamin D [25(OH)D], skin pigmentation and by interviews. Winter 25(OH)D was used as a surrogate parameter of UVR exposure the previous summer – the summer before CMM diagnosis in recently diagnosed patients. Results Winter 25(OH)D was significantly higher among recently diagnosed patients compared with controls (P = 0·02, R2 = 0·60) and patients diagnosed up to 6 years earlier (P = 0·01). The increase in 25(OH)D during the summer after diagnosis was significantly lower for recently diagnosed patients than for controls (P =0·005, R2 = 0·51) and patients diagnosed up to 6 years earlier (P =0·008). No difference was found in summer 25(OH)D between the groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with CMM had a higher UVR exposure the summer before diagnosis than did controls and patients diagnosed up to 6 years earlier, and that after diagnosis UVR exposure fell to the level of controls in patients with CMM.
Less money, more problems: The financial burden of breast cancer on lower income women
Authors: D. K. Finley, A. Arozullah, E. A. Heckinger, E. A. Calhoun, M. Wolf, K. A. Fitzner, N. S. Gorby, G. T. Schumock, C. L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6020 Background: Prior studies have found that women with cancer are especially likely to suffer financial hardships, as many women in these studies had limited financial resources and/or poor family support systems. The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the costs incurred by a cohort of insured breast cancer patients who were treated at a comprehensive cancer center and to examine how these costs varied by patient demographics. Methods: Insured women (n=156) with breast cancer were interviewed about cancer related out-of-pocket costs during the prior three months. For patients reporting annual household income (n=138), costs were adjusted for income by dividing cost in dollars/month by household income/month. Results: Out-of-pocket expenditures and lost income costs averaged $1,455 per month, but varied widely. Women reporting an annual income of less than $30,000 spent 98% of their income on out-of-pocket costs related to breast cancer treatment. Although patients with higher incomes had higher total costs, patients with incomes of greater than $60,000 only spent 26% of their income. Younger women were found to have significantly higher direct non-medical costs as a result of childcare expenses. Conclusion: Poorer women with breast cancer devote almost all of their income to cancer care. Affordable programs that provide reimbursement for cancer treatment-related expenses should be developed, particularly for lower income women. \(\underline{\mathrm{Mean\ (Standard\ Deviation)\ Income-Adjusted\ Out-of-Pocket\ Cost\ Ratios}}\) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Contact dermatitis from plants of the caper family, Capparidaceae.
Authors: Mitchell Jc
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Contact dermatitis from plants of the caper family, Capparidaceae: EFFECTS ON THE SKIN OF SOME PLANTS WHICH YIELD ISO THIOCYANATES Get access J.C. MITCHELL J.C. MITCHELL Division of Dermatology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 1, 1 July 1974, Pages 13–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06711.x Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Accepted: 23 October 1973 Published: 01 July 1974
Effectiveness and cost of the inpatient treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: comparison of three models of treatment
Authors: A Fontana, R Rosenheck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This study compared the outcomes and costs of three models of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatient treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): 1) long-stay specialized inpatient PTSD units, 2) short-stay specialized evaluation and brief-treatment PTSD units, and 3) nonspecialized general psychiatric units.Data were drawn from 785 Vietnam veterans undergoing treatment at 10 programs across the country. The veterans were followed up at 4-month intervals for 1 year after discharge. Successful data collection averaged 66.1% across the three follow-up intervals.All models demonstrated improvement at the time of discharge, but during follow-up symptoms and social functioning rebounded toward admission levels, especially among participants who had been treated in long-stay PTSD units. Veterans in the short-stay PTSD units and in the general psychiatric units showed significantly more improvement during follow-up than veterans in the long-stay PTSD units. Greatest satisfaction with their programs was reported by veterans in the short-stay PTSD units. Finally, the long-stay PTSD units proved to be 82.4% and 53.5% more expensive over 1 year than the short-stay PTSD units and general psychiatric units, respectively.The paucity of evidence of sustained improvement from costly long-stay specialized inpatient PTSD programs and the indication of high satisfaction and sustained improvement in the far less costly short-stay specialized evaluation and brief-treatment PTSD programs suggest that systematic restructuring of VA inpatient PTSD treatment could result in delivery of effective services to larger numbers of veterans.
Effect of muscarinic receptors inhibition on cytokine release and inflammatory cells infiltration in the airway of cat as an animal model for COPD
Authors: Saeed Kolahian, Amir Ali Shahbazfar, Khalil Ansarin, Hossein Tayefi, Hamid Ghasemi, Amir Hossein Rashidi, Mohsen Hanifeh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

COPD is currently high ranked as the leading cause of death in the world. In this study, fifteen healthy adult male cats were randomly categorized into three groups of five each: I) control, II) exposure to cigarette (COPD model) and III) exposure to cigarette (COPD model treated with tiotropium). They were exposed to cigarette smoke for four days, using 190 cigarettes for each one totally. In group III, cats were treated with one capsule of tiotropium once a day using endotracheal tubes. On the 5th day, the animals in all groups were killed by exsanguination and the lungs were lavaged. In BAL fluid, cells were counted on a hemocytometer. Differential cell counts were made by light microscopy. Cytokines were measured in BALF using Elisa kits. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increased the release of IL-8, IL-6, TNFa and MCP-1 in BAL fluid. This increase was significantly reduced by administration of tiotropium. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increased total inflammatory cell number in BALF. This increase was significantly attenuated by administration of tiotropium. The numbers of macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes were all increased in exposure to cigarette smoke COPD group. Similar to the effect on total cell number, increase in differential cell numbers was reduced by administration of tiotropium. Experimental cigarette smoke-induced COPD causes were found to increase cytokine release and cells infiltration in the airway of cat as an animal model for COPD. It seems that treatment with antimuscarinic agent like tiotropium may attenuate inflammatory events in the airway of this animal model.
Abstract 20912: Coronary Artery Plaques with High-risk Morphological Features Display an Increased Inflammatory Activity as Demonstrated by PET-CT Imaging
Authors: Gergana Marincheva-Savcheva, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Sharath Subramanian, Hector Medina-Zuluaga, Jayanthi Vijayakumar, Thomas J Brady, Udo Hoffmann, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Vascular 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity, detected by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) correlates with atherosclerotic inflammation. Here we test the hypothesis that inflammation (measured by FDG-PET) is increased in coronary artery plaques with High Risk Morphological features (HRM) as defined by coronary CT angiography (CTA). Methods: Nineteen patients with stable atherosclerotic disease underwent FDG-PET and CTA imaging. Left main coronary artery (LM) was assessed for presence and morphology of atherosclerotic plaque using CTA imaging. A 10 mm segment adjacent to the LM bifurcation was analyzed. Plaque with HRM was defined by low CT attenuation (<50 HU) and/or presence of spotty calcification. FDG uptake was measured within the center of the LM while blinded to CTA analysis. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated by dividing the LM by blood activity. TBR of the LM was then compared to the underlying plaque morphology. Results: LM plaques were present on CTA in 14 patients, ...
1,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>(tacalcitol) prevents skin T-cell infiltration
Authors: K.-I. Yamanaka, M. Kakeda, H. Kitagawa, K. Tsuda, T. Akeda, I. Kurokawa, E.C. Gabazza, T.S. Kupper, H. Mizutani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

1,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (tacalcitol), a vitamin D(3) compound, has been used to treat T cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, prurigo and vitiligo. The best-known mechanism of action of this compound is inhibition of the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and subsequent maturation; however, its effects on skin T-cell recruitment have not yet been evaluated. Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), a surface glycoprotein expressed on T cells, plays a critical role in skin T-cell infiltration. We recently reported that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibits skin infiltration of CD4+ T cells by suppressing CLA expression on T cells.In this study, we investigated the effect of tacalcitol on CLA epitope decoration and on the levels of gut or lymph node homing receptor expression in human T cells.We cultured human T cells with tacalcitol and analysed the effect on CLA expression and skin-homing ability, and evaluated glycosyltransferase mRNAs. We also performed an in vivo study using an antigen-dependent delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mouse model and investigated the effect of tacalcitol on skin-infiltrating CD4+ T cells.Tacalcitol downregulated the expression of CLA and, in parallel, the E- and P-selectin ligand function; however, it exerted no effect on other homing receptors. Subcutaneously and intraperitoneally administered tacalcitol downregulated skin infiltration of effector CD4+ T cells in an in vivo DTH mouse model.These findings suggest that tacalcitol reduces skin inflammation by partially downregulating CLA expression levels.
Treatment guided by ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1 protein expression in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC
Authors: B. Han, J. Shen, Z. Gao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19094 Purpose: We investigated whether Treatment Guided by ERCC1,RRM1 and BRCA1 protein expression levels could improve clinical outcomes in Patients With Advanced-Stage NSCLC. Experimental Design: Eligibility: Main inclusion criteria: Stage IV or stage IIIB NSCLC; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) performance status (PS) 0–1; Measurable disease; Adequate bone marrow, kidney, liver function. Main exclusion criteria: previous NSCLC therapy; Central nervous system metastasis; Requiring immediate intervention or Untreated with radiation within 28 days of study regimen initiation. Previously untreated patients with Stage IV or stage IIIB NSCLC(N=180): Standard chemotherapy group(N=60): Cisplatin 75mg/m2 Day1+Vinorelbine 25mg/m2 Days 1,8 every 28 days; Individualized chemotherapy group (N=120) (ERCC1,RRM1 and BRCA1 protein expression assayed with IHC); Low ERCC1 protein expression subgroup: Cisplatin 75mg/m2 Day1+Vinorelbine 25mg/m2 Days 1,8 every 28 days; High ERCC1 protein subgroup: Vinorelbine 25mg/m2 Days 1,8+Gemcitabine 1250mg/m2 Days 1,8 every 28 days. Description of Current Analysis: ERCC1,RRM1 and BRCA1 protein expression assayed with IHC; Assigned treatment based on ERCC1 protein expression; Primary endpoint: overall response rate; Secondary endpoints: Overall survival (OS), Progression-free survival (PFS). Enrollment progress (As of time Dec-31–2008): See Table . [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.