tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temperature, Oxygen, and Salt-Sensing Neurons in C. elegans Are Carbon Dioxide Sensors that Control Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Andrew Jonathan Bretscher, Eiji Kodama-Namba, Karl Emanuel Busch, Robin Joseph Murphy, Zoltan Soltesz, Patrick Laurent, Mario de Bono
Journal: Neuron (2011)

Homeostatic control of body fluid CO2 is essential in animals but is poorly understood. C. elegans relies on diffusion for gas exchange and avoids environments with elevated CO2. We show that C. elegans temperature, O2, and salt-sensing neurons are also CO2 sensors mediating CO2 avoidance. AFD thermosensors respond to increasing CO2 by a fall and then rise in Ca2+ and show a Ca2+ spike when CO2 decreases. BAG O2 sensors and ASE salt sensors are both activated by CO2 and remain tonically active while high CO2 persists. CO2-evoked Ca2+ responses in AFD and BAG neurons require cGMP-gated ion channels. Atypical soluble guanylate cyclases mediating O2 responses also contribute to BAG CO2 responses. AFD and BAG neurons together stimulate turning when CO2 rises and inhibit turning when CO2 falls. Our results show that C. elegans senses CO2 using functionally diverse sensory neurons acting homeostatically to minimize exposure to elevated CO2.
TCT-22 The STENTYS Self-Expanding Drug-Eluting Stent in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions at 6 Months Follow-up: Results from the OPEN II Trial
Authors: Christoph Naber, Holger Nef, Kelmak Külekçi, Carlo Briguori, Harald Rittger, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Franz Eberli, Helge Moellmann, Søren Galatius, Johannes Rieber, Philippe Commeau, Robert J. Van Geuns, David Bouchez, Harald G. Mudra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Fundholding in general practice and financial risk.
Authors: B J Crump, J E Cubbon, M F Drummond, R A Hawkes, M D Marchment
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To estimate the financial effect of random yearly variations in need for services on fundholding practices with various list sizes.A simulation model was derived using historical data on general practitioner referrals for the 113 surgical procedures covered by the general practitioner fund, combined with data on the hospital prices for those procedures.Resident population of Central Birmingham Health Authority.Expected expenditure on the relevant surgical procedures for the whole district and for practices with list sizes of 9000, 12,000, 15,000, 18,000, 21,000, or 24,000 for each of 100 simulated years.By using average hospital prices for the West Midlands region the mean (SD) annual expenditure for the 179,400 residents was 4,832,471 pounds (87,149 pounds); the random variation between the 5th and 95th most expensive years was 5.7% of the mean cost. For a practice with a list size of 9000 the values were 244,891 pounds (18,349 pounds), with a variation of 27.5%. With a list size of 24,000 the values were 652,762 pounds (32,512 pounds), with a variation of 15.3%.Random variations in need for inpatient services will have a significant financial impact on the practice fund. The problem will be particularly great for smaller practices. Additional measures are required to ensure that the scheme is not undermined and that the potential benefits are secured.
Glucocorticoid-Regulated VEGF Expression in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Issam A. Halaby, Sean P. Lyden, Mark G. Davies, Elisa Roztocil, Linda J. Salamone, Andrew I. Brooks, Richard M. Green, Howard J. Federoff, William J. Bowers
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent neovascular inducer. Gene therapeutic delivery of a plasmid DNA encoding VEGF has been shown to impart collateral vessel development in animal models of hindlimb ischemia. Constitutive, long-lived expression of VEGF through gene transfer, however, may result in hypervascularization and/or leaky blood vessels. To that end, the introduction of regulated VEGF gene transfer technology may provide a safer and more controlled therapy for ischemic tissues. We developed a glucocorticoid-regulated plasmid vector (pNGVL-hAP/GRE5-vegf-pA) for modulating VEGF gene expression. This plasmid possessed five tandem repeats of the glucocorticoid-responsive element and adenovirus major-late promoter driving the expression of the VEGF165 cDNA. Intramuscular delivery of this plasmid to mice, and subsequent treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), led to greatly enhanced VEGF expression. Similar delivery to the gracillis muscle of New Zealand white rabbits that had undergone ligation of their femoral artery to induce ischemia exhibited increased VEGF expression and collateral vessel development only in the presence of DEX. Additionally, reintroduction of DEX at a time point during which initial VEGF transgene levels had subsided resulted in a vigorous reinduction of VEGF transgene expression. This new iteration of VEGF gene delivery provides for finetuned angiogenic factor-based therapy for tissues requiring neovascularization.
Ischemic Preconditioning and the β-Adrenergic Signal Transduction Pathway
Authors: Amanda Lochner, Sonia Genade, Erna Tromp, Thomas Podzuweit, Johan A. Moolman
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Previous studies from our laboratory showed cyclic increases in tissue cAMP during a multiple-cycle preconditioning (PC) protocol, followed by attenuated cAMP accumulation during sustained ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether ischemia-induced activation of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway could act as a trigger in eliciting protection. Methods and Results —Isolated perfused rat hearts were preconditioned by 3×5 minutes of global ischemia, interspersed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. β-Adrenergic responsivity was assessed by measurement of tissue cAMP generation after β-adrenergic agonist administration at the end of the PC protocol. Tissue cAMP, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A (PKA) activities and β-adrenergic receptor characteristics were assessed at different times. The role of cAMP generation in eliciting PC was studied by investigation of functional recovery during reperfusion after 25 minutes of global ischemia after (1) cAMP increases in the trigger period were prevented with the β-adrenergic blocker alprenolol 7.5×10 −5 mol/L and (2) increases in cAMP were elicited by administration of forskolin 10 −7 and 10 −6 mol/L or isoproterenol 10 −8 , 10 −7 , and 10 −6 mol/L. Intermittent ischemia resulted in reduced β-adrenergic responsivity at the end of the protocol, although B max and K d values of the β-adrenergic receptor population and adenylyl cyclase and PKA activities were increased. Abolishment of cyclic increases in cAMP before sustained ischemia attenuated myocardial protection against ischemia, whereas agonists elicited protection. No clear correlation between protection and β-adrenergic desensitization was observed. Conclusions —Ischemia-induced activation of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway during preconditioning should also be considered a trigger in eliciting preconditioning.
Further phenotypic characterization of the primitive lineage− CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor cell sub-population isolated from cord blood, mobilized peripheral blood and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: D Wisniewski, M Affer, J Willshire, B Clarkson
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

The most primitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)/progenitor cell (PC) population reported to date is characterized as being Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45R. We have a long-standing interest in comparing the characteristics of hematopoietic progenitor cell populations enriched from normal subjects and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In order to investigate further purification of HSCs and for potential targetable differences between the very primitive normal and CML stem/PCs, we have phenotypically compared the normal and CML Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− HSC/PC populations. The additional antigens analyzed were HLA-DR, the receptor tyrosine kinases c-kit and Tie2, the interleukin-3 cytokine receptor, CD33 and the activation antigen CD69, the latter of which was recently reported to be selectively elevated in cell lines expressing the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. Notably, we found a strikingly low percentage of cells from the HSC/PC sub-population isolated from CML patients that were found to express the c-kit receptor (<1%) compared with the percentages of HSC/PCs expressing the c-kitR isolated from umbilical cord blood (50%) and mobilized peripheral blood (10%). Surprisingly, Tie2 receptor expression within the HSC/PC subset was extremely low from both normal and CML samples. Using in vivo transplantation studies, we provide evidence that HLA-DR, c-kitR, Tie2 and IL-3R may not be suitable markers for further partitioning of HSCs from the Lin−CD34+CD38−CD90+CD45RA− sub-population.
Syndromic Surveillance: Adapting Innovations to Developing Settings
Authors: Jean-Paul Chretien, Howard S Burkom, Endang R Sedyaningsih, Ria P Larasati, Andres G Lescano, Carmen C Mundaca, David L Blazes, Cesar V Munayco, Jacqueline S Coberly, Raj J Ashar, Sheri H Lewis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world
UPTAKE OF NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR AND VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM THE NCDR-PINNACLE REGISTRY
Authors: Sandeep Mahendra Jani, Kensey Gosch, Preston Schneider, Supriya Shore, Steven Bradley, Thomas Maddox, Jersey Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Quantitative Assessment of Response to Chemotherapy in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: L. D. Roubein, R. DuBrow, C. David, P. Lynch, B. Fornage, J. Ajani, J. Roth, B. Levin
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

We used endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to clinically stage eight patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and to monitor their disease after subsequent courses of experimental preoperative chemotherapy. Stage of disease (TNM), tumor area, and tumor width were determined at each session. These results were then compared with barium esophagram and histopathology from resection specimens. EUS provided a consistent interpretation of the stage of disease and accurately predicted histopathologic findings. Measurement of tumor area and maximal width did not reliably correlate with the response to chemotherapy as assessed by barium esophagram. Although this technique seems promising, it cannot yet be recommended as a means of predicting response to chemotherapy.
The Role of Video Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases: a Review of Current Possibilities
Authors: G. Gay, M. Delvaux, J- Rey
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Video capsule endoscopy represents a significant advance in the investigation of intestinal diseases. The performance of the procedure and indications are reviewed here in order to establish guidelines for its use, in accordance with current knowledge from the published literature. Capsule endoscopy is performed in patients who have fasted for 12 h, but who are allowed to drink 2 h after and to eat 4 h after ingesting the capsule. Software features highlighting suspected blood and allowing simultaneous viewing of two images reduce the time required to review the findings, as well as improving the diagnostic yield. Pacemakers and other electrical medical devices are no longer a contraindication to the procedure. Indications that have been validated include obscure digestive bleeding, intestinal lesions related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and familial polyposis. Capsule endoscopy frequently detects intestinal lesions in patients with Crohn’s disease and could become the first-choice examination in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease after conventional endoscopic investigations. Other indications currently under evaluation include celiac disease, pediatric indications, and examination of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Effects of overnight supplemental oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea in children.
Authors: G Aljadeff, D Gozal, S L Bailey-Wahl, B Burrell, T G Keens, S L Ward
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Supplemental oxygen during sleep may be useful as a temporary palliative treatment in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) associated with significant hypoxemia. However, supplemental O2 may also blunt hypoxic ventilatory drive and worsen ventilation. To assess the safety of the use of supplemental O2 in children with OSAS, we studied 16 children ages 2-8 (mean: 4.28 +/- 2.88 yr) with OSAS secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Patients underwent two overnight polysomnograms within 1 mo, one on room air (RA) and one while receiving supplemental O2 via nasal cannula titrated by 1/4 lpm increments to achieve SpO2 > 95% during the first hour of sleep. Oxygenation measurements were significantly improved during supplemental O2 nights (average SpO2 increased from 89.5 +/- 4.8% on RA to 97.7 +/- 1.8% on supplemental O2 [p < 0.00001]) while alveolar ventilation remained unchanged (PETCO2 > 50 mm Hg: 3.6 +/- 8.9% total sleep time on RA and 3.3 +/- 6.3% total sleep time on supplemental O2 [p = NS]). Supplemental O2 significantly reduced hypopnea density, obstructive apnea index, and paradoxical breathing. The density and average duration of central apneas remained unchanged. In addition, supplemental O2 increased the percentage of REM sleep time and decreased the number of microarousals. We conclude that supplemental O2 might be a safe and beneficial temporary treatment in children with OSAS.
Pelvic actinomycosis associated with IUCD.
Authors: M Barnham, A C Burton, P Copland
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Tuboovarian actinomycosis may be more commonly associated with a plastic IUD than has been thought. Serological tests for actinomycosis may be useful in the diagnosis and management of this infection. In a case in which ovarian biopsy at laparotomy revealed typical actinomycotic "sulphur granules" and Actinomyces israelii was diagnosed, standard Actinomyces israelii cytoplasmic antigens and circulating C1-binding immune complexes were found in the patient's serum when it was tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. This organism had not been isolated through oral and cervical cultures, thus serology could provide an otherwise missed diagnosis. The diappearance of the circulating immune complexes could indicate adequacy of treatment.
BMJ too negative on e-cigarettes
Authors: C. Bates
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Godlee’s editorial comment took an inappropriately negative view of e-cigarettes.1 The risks are mostly minor, speculative, or implausible, but the opportunities are huge. Thousands of people already use e-cigarettes instead of smoking, and we should understand and empathise more with their experience.2

Before taking a position on e-cigarettes it is worth reflecting on the recent history of “snus.” This smokeless tobacco product is …
Lymphocele
Authors: William B. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1978)

AS A COMPLICATION of surgery, the retroperitoneal lymphocele is not an uncommon entity. The incidence following radical pelvic surgery for carcinoma of the cervix has varied between 16% and 49%. 1 This complication has also been found after renal transplantation, the incidence being between 2% and 15%. 2,3 We report a case of retroperitoneal lymphocele as a complication of cancer chemotherapy; to our knowledge, this is the first such report.  Report of a Case  A 73-year-old woman went to her physician with the chief symptom of malaise. She had generalized adenopathy. Biopsy of an axillary node showed lymphosarcoma, and the patient was referred to Vanderbilt University Medical Center in November 1973. After review of the slides, the diagnosis of follicular, center cell, clonal-type lymphoma (Lukes and Collins) was made. Complete evaluation showed the patient to have stage IV-B disease. The lymphangiogram (Fig 1) showed involvement of the inguinal, iliac, and
Role of Molds in Farmer's Lung Disease in Eastern France
Authors: GABRIEL REBOUX, RENAUD PIARROUX, FRÉDÉRIC MAUNY, ANNE MADROSZYK, LAURENCE MILLON, KARINE BARDONNET, JEAN-CHARLES DALPHIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Farmer's lung disease (FLD) is common in the east of France. In the absence of the primary recognized FLD agent, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, its etiology remains unknown. A prospective case-control study was performed to find the etiology of FLD in this area. Eleven patients were matched with 11 healthy control farmers. Twenty-two urban subjects constituted the nonexposed control group. Microorganisms from cowshed air and fodder were identified and counted. The antigens of the microorganisms most frequently isolated at the 22 farms were used for serological tests. Farms of patients with FLD contained more Absidia corymbifera than those of healthy farmers (p < 0.05 in air, p < 0.01 in fodder). Electrosyneresis, performed with A. corymbifera somatic antigen, differentiated 9 of 11 patients with FLD from control subjects (p < 0.01). Other significant results were obtained with Eurotium amstelodami (p < 0.01) and Wallemia sebi (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant results were obtained with the other seven antigens tested, including S. rectivirgula. Absidia corymbifera and, to a lesser degree, W. sebi or E. amstelodami are likely to be the main causes of FLD in this area. Modifications in working conditions over time could explain the emergence of these new contributing etiologies.
Farewell from Fox
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

When I resigned the editorship in February my contract required me to work for a further six months. From the September issue onwards the Journal will be in the capable hands of Dr Kamran Abbasi, formerly of the BMJ [ku.ca.msr@isabba.narmak].

In my near-decade at the JRSM, thousands of people freely gave their time to writing editorials, book reviews and other commentaries as well as to evaluation of papers. To me this altruism was a constant source of wonderment and gratitude; could this happen in any other profession? On the editorial side three individuals should be named as having provided adamantine support—Tim David, Proceedings Editor; Rosalind Kyne, my personal assistant; and Helen McKay, of RSM Press.
Could platelet rich plasma have effects on systemic circulating growth factors and cytokine release in orthopaedic applications?: Table 1
Authors: G Banfi, M M Corsi, P Volpi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed for tendon and ligament healing. The rationale is the release of large amounts of growth factors and cytokines with regenerative, anabolic, and anti-inflammatory effects on damaged tissues.1–3

We applied PRP in tendinopathies of professional athletes. PRP was obtained using the gravitational platelet separation system GPS II (Biomet, Bridgend, Wales, UK) from 30 ml peripheral anticoagulated whole blood, and introduced by a syringe to multiple sites of injured tendon.

After obtaining informed consent, we measured a series of cytokines and growth factors in serum obtained from peripheral blood of five male subjects (age 20–35 years; four cases of patella tendinopathy and one elbow tendinosis) to evaluate the eventual, systemic effects of such local treatment. Blood was withdrawn before treatment and …
94 The natural history of transfusion acquired hepatitis C (HCV) in childhood cancer survivors: an update of the St. Jude children's research Hospital (SJCRH)HCV seropositive (+)cohort
Authors: S CASTELLINO, C RIELY, S LENSING, M LEVSTIK, R DAVILA, J FLECKENSTEIN, S TAYLOR, M HUDSON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Changes in Insulin Resistance With Long-Term Insulin Therapy
Authors: Patrick S Sharp, Viswanathan Mohan, Federico Vitelli, Franco Maneschi, Eva M Kohner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Thirteen newly diagnosed diabetic subjects, 5 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 8 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, mean age 37.1 yr (range 25–64 yr), underwent glucose-clamp studies at diagnosis of diabetes at plasma glucose 200 mg/dl. Each subject was then treated twice daily with insulin for 6 mo with improvement in glycemic control, and the glucose-clamp studies repeated. Changes in glucose uptake at an insulin infusion rate of 1.0 mU · kg−1 · min−1 varied greatly from diagnosis to 6 mo. There were significant negative correlations between change in glucose uptake and diabetes type (r = −.78, P &amp;lt; .002), C-peptide secretion (r = −.66, P &amp;lt; .05), and age (r = −.62, P &amp;lt; .05). At an insulin infusion rate of 10 mU · kg−1 · min−1 there was improvement in glucose uptake from diagnosis to 6 mo that did not reach statistical significance. During the steady-state periods of the glucose-clamp studies at diagnosis, growth hormone (GH) rose above basal, which reached statistical significance at the higher insulin infusion rate. This increase in GH was not apparent at the time of the glucose-clamp studies after insulin therapy. Our results indicate that in the clinical situation, only patients with IDDM can expect an improvement in their sensitivity to physiologic insulin levels with long-term insulin therapy. In all subjects, improvement in glycemic control leads to abolition of GH secretion in the presence of hyperglycemia.
Dyslexia versus Illiteracy
Authors: W. A. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The principal role of the consultant psychiatrist must be to bestow therapeutic skill on other workers (including general practitioners, social workers, health visitors, and ward nurses).This is not only dictated by arithmetic-it also offers the only hope for prevention.Mr. Bury is right to insist that psychiatry become more effective, but he should be warned not to expect it (or psychiatrists) to become popular; for it deals with the nost unpopular of human feelings.-I am, etc.,
Medicine as a Science: Pediatrics
Authors: Richard M. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

A REPORT on pediatrics for the first half of this century is, in fact, the record of the birth of a specialty in medicine and its growth to maturity. In 1900 there were a very few men devoting themselves exclusively to the care of infants and children, and probably not over 50 medical practitioners in the whole country who took a particular interest in this age group. Possibly 1 doctor out of every 2500 in the United States could have been classified as a pediatrician, if the definition were interpreted very liberally. These men were all located in the large . . .
1029-17 Long-term Oral Vasopressin V1 Receptor Antagonist Therapy Prevented Chronic Ventricular Remodeling in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Masashi Kambayashi, Toshiaki Kumada, Toshiyuki Onogawa, Yoshitaka Yamamura, Noboru Ishikawa, Fujimasa Kohno, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The diagnosis of iron deficiency in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: J. A. Child, B. Brozovic, N. H. Dyer, D. L. Mollin, A. M. Dawson
Journal: Gut (1973)

Red cell indices were determined and bone marrow was examined in a selected group of 21 patients with Crohn's disease who had a routine peripheral blood picture suggestive of iron deficiency. Only nine (43%) of these patients had no stainable iron stores in the marrow fragments and could be considered as being definitely iron deficient. All indirect measurements in the diagnosis of iron deficiency, except the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), appeared likely to result in over-diagnosis. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis, without true deficiency, may be due to the inflammatory disease process and this study indicates that the examination of bone marrow aspirate is necessary for the certain diagnosis of iron deficiency in Crohn's disease.