tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Archaeology of Disease
Authors: John Bailey Gregg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In 1984 I reviewed the first edition of this book. It was a scholarly discussion focusing upon health problems and how they affected past populations. Emphasis was on the pathophysiology of disease and how it troubled people generally, with minimal reference to the individual. I concluded that the book was of greatest value to the person who desired an overview of the effects of disease upon people over extended intervals of past time, with interpretations of the mechanisms through which these processes operate. The present book follows the format of the first edition, expanded and revised. It now has 243 pages in 10 chapters. An updated, improved bibliography occupies 27 pages. Seven chapters, which are similar to the 1983 edition, are devoted to various diseases from around the world, including congenital, dental, traumatic, joint (arthritic), infectious, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic diseases. Excellent photographs and illustrations and adequate tables accompany the
Tritiated Digoxin
Authors: JAMES E. DOHERTY, W. J. FLANIGAN, M. L. MURPHY, R. T. BULLOCH, G. L. DALRYMPLE, O. W. BEARD, W. H. PERKINS, Jacquelyn Gammill, Joyce Sherwood
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Metabolic turnover studies performed on six patients with surgically induced biliary fistula given tritiated digoxin reveal virtually all stool excretion of digoxin to be derived from bile. This establishes the relative lack of recycling of digoxin as an important factor in digoxin metabolism. This is probably related to its polar chemical structure and is a determinant of its clinical duration of action in human subjects. The amount of digoxin in the enterohepatic circulation (recycling) was calculated to be 6.5% of the administered dose and absolute absorption to be 85% in human subjects.
Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole System Demonstrator cluster randomised trial
Authors: A. Steventon, M. Bardsley, J. Billings, J. Dixon, H. Doll, S. Hirani, M. Cartwright, L. Rixon, M. Knapp, C. Henderson, A. Rogers, R. Fitzpatrick, J. Hendy, S. Newman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effect of home based telehealth interventions on the use of secondary healthcare and mortality. <b>Design</b> Pragmatic, multisite, cluster randomised trial comparing telehealth with usual care, using data from routine administrative datasets. General practice was the unit of randomisation. We allocated practices using a minimisation algorithm, and did analyses by intention to treat. <b>Setting </b>179 general practices in three areas in England. <b>Participants </b>3230 people with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or heart failure recruited from practices between May 2008 and November 2009. <b>Interventions</b> Telehealth involved remote exchange of data between patients and healthcare professionals as part of patients' diagnosis and management. Usual care reflected the range of services available in the trial sites, excluding telehealth. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Proportion of patients admitted to hospital during 12 month trial period. <b>Results</b> Patient characteristics were similar at baseline. Compared with controls, the intervention group had a lower admission proportion within 12 month follow-up (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.97, P=0.017). Mortality at 12 months was also lower for intervention patients than for controls (4.6% <i>v</i> 8.3%; odds ratio 0.54, 0.39 to 0.75, P&lt;0.001). These differences in admissions and mortality remained significant after adjustment. The mean number of emergency admissions per head also differed between groups (crude rates, intervention 0.54 <i>v</i> control 0.68); these changes were significant in unadjusted comparisons (incidence rate ratio 0.81, 0.65 to 1.00, P=0.046) and after adjusting for a predictive risk score, but not after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Length of hospital stay was shorter for intervention patients than for controls (mean bed days per head 4.87 <i>v</i> 5.68; geometric mean difference −0.64 days, −1.14 to −0.10, P=0.023, which remained significant after adjustment). Observed differences in other forms of hospital use, including notional costs, were not significant in general. Differences in emergency admissions were greatest at the beginning of the trial, during which we observed a particularly large increase for the control group. <b>Conclusions</b> Telehealth is associated with lower mortality and emergency admission rates. The reasons for the short term increases in admissions for the control group are not clear, but the trial recruitment processes could have had an effect. <b>Trial registration number</b> International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN43002091.
Nutritional support for patients suffering from intestinal graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Osamu Imataki, Shigetoshi Nakatani, Terumi Hasegawa, Miki Kondo, Kiyoko Ichihashi, Mitsuko Araki, Toshihiko Ishida, Sung‐Won Kim, Shin‐ichiro Mori, Takahiro Fukuda, Kensei Tobinai, Ryuji Tanosaki, Atsushi Makimoto, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Background: Patients who exhibit gastrointestinal (GI) involvement due to graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) are often recommended to withhold oral intake (NPO) to avoid further damage to the GI mucosa. However, it is possible that continuing oral intake could be beneficial in many patients compared to total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Objective: The primary objective of this prospective study was to evaluate whether programmed step‐ladder oral dieting (enteral nutrition; EN) is feasible and beneficial for these patients. Methods: A total of 18 patients who exhibited GI‐acute GVHD (stage I to III gut GVHD) after SCT received an EN dieting program, and changes in clinical and laboratory parameters were compared to those in a control cohort of 17 patients who were placed on NPO with TPN. Patients with GVHD were included prospectively and those with intestinal bleeding/obstruction, severe pancreatitis, and cytomegalovirus enterocolitis were excluded. Results: None of the patients in the EN group experienced significant adverse events, including exacerbation of GI symptoms. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the volume or frequency of diarrhea or the time to complete dietary recovery, parameters including body weight and serum levels of total protein and albumin tended to improve faster in the EN group. Conclusion: The EN diet is safely applicable to patients suffering from GI involvement by GVHD. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keeping up with the Joneses: The Desire of the Desire for money
Authors: Paul Jorion
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The biological basis of money lies in a three-term relationship between one subject and some others, with money acting as a mediator. The drive to acquire money is a special case of a desire for recognition. What is aimed at by subjects is their desire for the desire of some others: the former derive satisfaction from representing to themselves the admiration, or envy, of these others. This raises reproductive advantage.
Enteric-coated capsules filled with freeze-dried chitosan/poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Kiran Sonaje, Yi-Jia Chen, Hsin-Lung Chen, Shiaw-Pyng Wey, Jyuhn-Huarng Juang, Ho-Ngoc Nguyen, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kun-Ju Lin, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Can intervention modify adverse lifestyle variables in a rheumatoid population? Results of a pilot study
Authors: M-M Gordon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant excess morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease is the commonest cause of premature death in patients with RA. In recognition of this, blood pressure, weight, and smoking history are routinely ascertained in the clinic and appropriate advice and treatment started. Aims: To ascertain if attending a specialist nurse, in addition to routine medical care, would increase the success in dealing with lifestyle variables in a cohort of patients with RA. Methods: Twenty two consecutive patients starting treatment with the disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) sulfasalazine were invited to attend an additional clinic dealing with lifestyle factors every 12 weeks over a 48 week follow up. Smoking and alcohol history, baseline demographic and metrology assessments were determined for all patients. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, blood pressure recorded, function assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and social deprivation determined by the Carstairs Index. Patients were advised on exercise and diet, and serum cholesterol was measured. Results: Twenty women and two men, with a mean age of 52 years and mean disease duration of five years, were enrolled. Eight patients smoked and, unfortunately, none were persuaded to discontinue. Fifteen of the cohort were already taking regular exercise; one additional patient began swimming regularly. At baseline, 10 patients were found to have a high cholesterol, with a mean of 6.8 mmol/l. A 14% reduction in mean cholesterol was achieved by dietary modification, and three patients merited statin treatment. Obesity is a major problem in our population and 15 of the patients had grade I obesity with a mean BMI of 30.6; five of these gained a further 4.5 kg. Six patients with previously untreated hypertension were identified, but unfortunately five remained hypertensive and only two had received anti-hypertensive drugs. Conclusions: Educating patients in order to change lifestyle habits and influence outcome is a long term challenge facing all healthcare workers. In our cohort, most adverse lifestyle factors had already been recognised and discussed by the general practitioner or at prior clinic visits. Additional advice and input led to only modest improvement.
Administration of medicines in school: who is responsible?
Authors: M J Bannon, E M Ross
Journal: BMJ (1998)

By the age of 4 years, Jamie had experienced three severe allergic reactions after exposure to peanuts. His general practitioner diagnosed peanut allergy and advised that Jamie's carers should not only be capable of recognising the early signs of anaphylaxis but should also be prepared to administer subcutaneous adrenaline if necessary. After a meeting with Jamie's schoolteacher, his mother was disturbed to be told that, while the school was sympathetic, teaching staff were unable to administer adrenaline injections as this was a medical rather than a teaching responsibility. She was also advised that the school nurse covered several schools during the working week and could not be always available to give adrenaline injections. Jamie's mother then raised a question that has been asked by many other parents: just who is responsible for the administration of medicines to children while they are at school?

This has been a contentious issue for many years, regularly resulting in conflict between parents and teachers.1 The background to the problem is complex and is a result of diverse factors.

#### Summary points

Chronic illness is relatively common in schoolchildren and often requires treatment during school hours

There is no legal requirement for schoolteachers to administer medicines to children at school

School health services are non-resident and are focused on health promotional activities rather than providing acute medical care for pupils

Both parents and prescribers of drugs for children must liaise effectively with school staff

The use of individual healthcare plans in this context represents a constructive way forward, but these have yet to be widely implemented in practice

Not only is chronic illness common among schoolchildren but inadequate treatment may impair a child's academic progress and general wellbeing. 2 3 There is also evidence that the epidemiology of childhood illness is changing. Recent research suggests that, for …
The Energy Sensor AMPK Regulates T Cell Metabolic Adaptation and Effector Responses In Vivo
Authors: Julianna Blagih, François Coulombe, Emma E. Vincent, Fanny Dupuy, Gabriela Galicia-Vázquez, Ekaterina Yurchenko, Thomas C. Raissi, Gerritje J.W. van der Windt, Benoit Viollet, Erika L. Pearce, Jerry Pelletier, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo, Connie M. Krawczyk, Maziar Divangahi, Russell G. Jones
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Fibrillar collagen and remodeling of dilated canine left ventricle.
Authors: K T Weber, R Pick, M A Silver, G W Moe, J S Janicki, I H Zucker, P W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To test the hypothesis that in the failing volume-overloaded ventricle, the extracellular matrix and fibrillar collagen in particular are major determinants of the architectural remodeling of the myocardium, this histopathological study of the dilated, postmortem canine left ventricle secondary to rapid ventricular pacing or aortocaval fistula was undertaken. Using the picrosirius-polarization technique to enhance collagen birefringence, we sought to examine the structural integrity of the collagen matrix and interstitium. In the dilated failing ventricle secondary to rapid pacing, we found 1) interstitial edema and a disruption or disappearance of collagen fibers that were apparent within 6 hours of pacing, persisted for weeks, and subsequently were associated with muscle fiber disorganization within the endomyocardium, 2) interstitial fibrosis that was present in the midwall and epimyocardium with chronic pacing, and 3) an early remodeling of intramyocardial coronary arteries that included medial swelling with smooth muscle degeneration followed by proliferative lesions involving fibroblasts and a subsequent perivascular and medial fibrosis. Many of these findings were still evident 48 hours after pacing had been discontinued. In contrast, the collagen matrix and interstitium seen with ventricular dilatation secondary to the circulatory overload that accompanies an aortocaval fistula were indistinguishable from that in sham-operated controls. Thus, we conclude that unlike the chamber enlargement and preserved ventricular function that accompany an aortocaval fistula, ventricular dilatation and failure caused by rapid pacing are based on an architectural remodeling of the myocardium. This structural dilatation involves the extracellular matrix and interstitium and appears to be related to altered permeability of intramyocardial coronary arteries. The mechanism or mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling with rapid ventricular pacing require further investigation.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PROSTATIC AND VESICULAR TRANSPLANTS IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE
Authors: Robert A. Moore, Robert H. Melchionna, S. H. Tolins, H. B. Rosenblum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. With a photographic method for the determination of the size of prostatic and vesicular transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye, it has been possible to follow continuously the response to an injection of a hormone. 2. The results may be briefly summarized as follows: (a) One injection of the gonadotropic substance of pregnancy urine produces a moderate increase in size; (b) subsequent injections of this same substance for a period of at least 3 months are without effect; (c) an alkaline extract of the whole anterior pituitary gland produces a similar increase; (d) all pituitary derivatives are ineffective in the castrated animal; (e) castration brings about a decrease in size that gradually loses velocity; (f) the male sex hormone produces a slight increase in intact, and a variable, at times conspicuous, increase in castrated animals; (g) the female sex hormone provokes a conspicuous increase in both intact and castrated animals; (h) the hormone of the corpus luteum has no effect; and (i) there is no evidence of synergism of the pituitary and male sex hormones nor of antagonism of the male and female sex hormones in adult rabbits.
Suicide Notes and Risk of Future Suicide
Authors: Roy W. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The predictive value of the presence of a suicide note in the assessment of suicidal risk is evaluated in a study of 231 attempted and 194 completed suicides. The 33 attempted suicides who left suicide notes demonstrated significantly greater risk, as measured by the Suicidal Intent Scale, than the 198 attempted suicides who did not leave notes. This indicates that knowledge of the existence of a note can greatly aid the clinician in his assessment of suicidal risk and in his management of the suicidal individual. (<i>JAMA</i>228:495-496, 1974)
Vaccination with dendritic cell/tumor fusion cells results in cellular and humoral antitumor immune responses in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Baldev Vasir, Lynne Uhl, Simona Blotta, Claire MacNamara, Poorvi Somaiya, Zekui Wu, Robin Joyce, James D. Levine, Dilani Dombagoda, Yan Emily Yuan, Karen Francoeur, Donna Fitzgerald, Paul Richardson, Edie Weller, Kenneth Anderson, Donald Kufe, Nikhil Munshi, David Avigan
Journal: Blood (2010)
Clinical Internal Medicine
Authors: Milton J. Chatton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Doctors Reller, Sahn, and Schrier, as editors, have collaborated with 32 of their colleagues at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in preparing an introductory textbook for students beginning to learn clinical internal medicine. Doctor Gordon Meikeljohn, former chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Colorado states in the foreword of the book, "Today's medical students are confronted by a bewildering mass of information derived from lengthy textbooks and the latest articles in scientific journals..... For this reason the editors have developed a format that is interesting, pragmatic and different from that of traditional textbooks." It is my opinion that the authors have succeeded in accomplishing their objective in a readable manner. Each of the 14 chapters of the book is divided into three sections: (1) major emergencies, (2) symptoms, signs, and specialized diagnostic techniques, and (3) common diseases and problems. The text is basic
The Iatroref study: medical errors are associated with symptoms of depression in ICU staff but not burnout or safety culture
Authors: Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Marion Perrin, Lilia Soufir, Aurélien Vesin, François Blot, Virginie Maxime, Pascal Beuret, Gilles Troché, Kada Klouche, Laurent Argaud, Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Tribunal service was wrong not to allow doctor to quit medical register, judge says
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The High Court in Manchester has quashed an “irrational” refusal by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service to let a suicidal paediatrician remove himself voluntarily from the medical register rather than face allegations of misconduct at a fitness to practise hearing.

Judge Graham Wood said that the decision to refuse the request was “a conclusion which no tribunal properly directing itself on the identified unchallenged evidence could have arrived at.”

Unusually, his judgment conceals the identity of the doctor, whose case was heard in private and who is referred to only by the initials LI.

The doctor, now aged 67, was working as a paediatric locum at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Woolwich, southeast London, in 2008 when a 10 year old boy with cerebral palsy was brought to the hospital’s emergency department with pain in a hip, which had previously been operated on. He was unable to be admitted …
Doctors' knowledge about consent and capacity
Authors: S. P Ahern
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Dr Jackson and Dr Warner (December 2002 JRSM1) point to large gaps in doctors' knowledge of consent and capacity. Two aspects of their project should, however, be questioned. First, the concept of a patient in whom capacity issues may be relevant is problematic. As White has pointed out,2 even if legal and ethical standards support a positive assumption regarding the decision-making competence of the patient, a physician, when seeking approval of a treatment plan, should always make sure that the patient possesses adequate decision-making abilities. Second, whatever the legal position, physicians and other healthcare professionals remain the ones who are responsible for the first-hand evaluation. When a court must decide on a decision-making-capacity issue, the judge depends almost exclusively on the evaluation made by the physician. Research must then look to the process of decision-making capacity of the patient as affected by special diseases. Marson et al. did this in Alzheimer's disease.3, 4, 5 Other researchers, myself included, are turning their attention to the ethico-clinical judgment of the physician. Doctors evaluate, almost daily, decision capacity issues. Taking into account the work of Schon, we hypothesize that physicians have expert knowledge of these matters, even if it is unconscious.

Issues on ability to consent represent a challenge to every physician on a clinical ward, since all healthcare professionals are engaged in what should be an informed consent procedure with their patients.
TUMOURS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN
Authors: J. P. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1928)

In none of the ulcers on which I have operated by simple gastro-enterostomy have we found anything in the " follow- up " to suggest the subsequent development of cancer.Further, as will be seen from the tables, all large ulcers and many of the smaller have been excised-sometimes by thellmselves, at other times as part of the stomach removed i l)altial gastrectomy.I have not kept all measurements, 'iUMOURE OF-THE FRONTAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN.
Hazards of Children's Vitamin Preparations Containing Iron
Authors: Barbara F. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Ingestion of iron preparations and vitamin preparations containing iron are the fourth most common cause of poisoning in children under 5 years of age. Unless treated promptly, mortality from acute iron poisoning has been reported to be approximately 50% in these young children.  Iron compounds, commonly given to mothers during or immediately after pregnancy, have most frequently been associated with accidental poisoning of children. The iron compound frequently used is ferrous sulfate and the usual formulation is a tablet containing 300 mg. The tablets are often attractively packaged and sugar coated. Six or seven of these tablets are equivalent to 400 mg of elemental iron, a dose that is potentially fatal to a young child.  Recently, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that all infants be given an iron-fortified formula until they are 1 year old. Iron-fortified cereals and other food products are being marketed