tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Questions of Guidance and Supervision at the Beginning of Psychotherapy in Children and Adolescents
Authors: G. Klosinski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Firstly, the significance of the establishment of a positive working alliance in children and adolescents at the beginning of a potential psychotherapy is described. Secondly, questions of supervision by means of psychodramatic treatment of transitional situations are discussed. (1) Children and adolescents are mostly presented by the parents and initially have no or hardly any motivation for psychotherapy. The author therefore recommends inter alia a ten-wish phantasy game at the first encounter with the child or adolescent irrespective of the reason for presentation by the parents. The possibility of being able to express ten wishes or changes which a fairy or a magician would fulfill for the child encourages the patient to name the most diverse levels and dimensions of his/her psychological reality and to reflect it in the form of wishes. The therapist thus provides space for yearnings and compensatory 'counterworlds', frequently leading to a positive contact in a subsequent dialog about the wishes. (2) In training, the young psychotherapist is often not aware of his transference and countertransference relationship. Psychodramatic role play in a supervised colleague group or in the development of a psychodramatic 'family sculpture' may frequently clarify the situation quickly by own experience and by 'psychodramatic reflection technique'.
Small voluntary sector groups risk closure, says King's Fund
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Smaller voluntary and community organisations risk falling by the wayside under the proposed NHS reforms, according to a report from the King’s Fund.

The Health and Social Care Bill aims to promote a diversity of providers who compete for contracts. But the report states that new funding mechanisms and the current financial climate will leave many voluntary and community organisations vulnerable and prevent new organisations from entering the market.

It says: “There is a risk that smaller organisations will be unable to compete on a level playing field. This will leave the market dominated by a few large providers who will not necessarily have the trust of, or knowledge about, their local community.”

The report says that many voluntary sector organisations that previously relied on primary care trust grants have few capital reserves to tide them over during …
Infections with Herpes Simplex Viruses
Authors: Lawrence Corey, Patricia G. Spear
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

IN the 12 years since the last review of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in these pages,1 there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and therapy of these infections. The epidemic of sexually transmitted HSV infection that has occurred in the past decade, the concomitant increase in neonatal herpes, and the increasing recognition of the diversity and morbidity of HSV infections in immunocompromised patients have heightened awareness of these agents among medical professionals, the public, and the press.2 3 4 5 6 The development of clinically useful antiviral therapy for HSV infections has made recognition of the clinical . . .
Space Medicine Faces Massive Task As Humans Venture Farther From Earth
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IF ALL had gone well with the US space program this year—as of course it has not—science, and medicine in particular, might have obtained considerably more data about the extraterrestrial environment and human ability to cope with it. In a late December editorial entitled "1986: A Vintage Year for Space Science," the director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala, opined: "If all goes as planned, it appears that the coming year will be an extraordinarily good one for space science" (<i>Science</i>1985;230:1327). Adding to that outlook, although not specifically mentioned in the editorial, was NASA's plan to average more than one space shuttle mission a month during 1986. But, just like the actual dark clouds that threaten space launches, figurative clouds were gathering over the agency. Subsequent testimony suggests bureaucratic problems and cost concerns. Then, 28 days into the new year, seven
Epstein-Barr virus may increase risk of multiple sclerosis
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Evidence is mounting that infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can cause mononucleosis, may also increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis later in life.

Previous studies have established a link between the viral illness and multiple sclerosis ( JAMA 2001;286:3083-8), and now in a new study, investigators have discovered that people with the highest levels of antibodies directed against EBV—possibly indicating a history of severe infection—were more than 30 times as likely to develop multiple sclerosis later in life than those with the fewest antibodies ( JAMA 2003;289:1533-6).

EBV is an extremely common type of herpes virus, with more than 90% of …
The Neoplastic Process and the Nervous System
Authors: S. E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book consists of a historical review of numerous experiments conducted in Russia. Briefly, the thesis is developed that whatever the etiologic agents of malignancy may be, the disposition of the organism which permits the development of neoplasia is dependent upon endocrine balance, metabolic balance, and —most basic of all—the nervous system. Several chapters include data concerning changes in conditioned reflexes during tumor growth. One might logically expect to find alterations in the physiological activity of local and systemic nervous structures associated with tumor growth, but the question of which "injury" occurs first is left unanswered. In some of the experiments, the procedures used to alter the nervous system probably affected tumor growth, as might be expected from any general stress condition. Many of the experiments are interesting because they are so different from those performed in other countries. It is difficult to evaluate them without knowing more about the
114 Cathepsin B activates caspase-2 to promote hepatocyte apoptosis upon the TNF-alpha treatment
Authors: M GUICCIARDI, S BRONK, G GORES
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The breast cancer 1 (brca1) gene is associated with breast and ovarian cancers, and heterozygous (+/−) brca1 knockout progeny develop normally, suggesting a negligible developmental impact. However, our results show BRCA1 plays a broader biological role in protecting the embryo from oxidative stress. Sox2-promoted Cre-expressing hemizygous males were mated with floxed brca1 females, and gestational day 8 +/− brca1 conditional knockout embryos with a 28% reduction in protein expression were exposed in culture to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-initiating drug ethanol (EtOH). Untreated +/− brca1-deficient embryos developed normally, but when exposed to EtOH exhibited increased levels of oxidatively damaged DNA, measured as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, γH2AX, which is a marker of DNA double strand breaks that can result from 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, formation, and embryopathies at EtOH concentrations that did not affect their brca1-normal littermates. These results reveal that even modest BRCA1 deficiencies render the embryo more susceptible to drug-enhanced ROS formation, and corroborate a role for DNA oxidation in the mechanism of EtOH teratogenesis.
Genetics and Neurology
Authors: Fred A. Ziter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The character of medical practice in the United States is shifting. Physicians spend less time managing acquired disease because of better prevention and treatment measures and more time on patients with chronic diseases, many of which are genetic. At the same time, patients and relatives are becoming more aware of the implications of genetic diseases and expect, in addition to precise diagnosis, accurate counseling regarding recurrence risks. Textbooks that provide practical diagnostic and genetic information are valuable additions, especially when the subject matter deals with neurological diseases, many of which are rare, obscure, devastating, and untreatable. Professor Bundey brings to the reader her combined clinical, neurological, and genetic expertise, and the product is a concise, readable, and practical text on the subject. The coverage is broad and includes central nervous system malformations, the phakomatoses, cerebral degenerative disorders (written by E. M. Brett), extrapyramidal and cerebellar disorders, dementia, epilepsy, various neuromuscular
Perspectives on the mechanism of nickel carcinogenesis gained from models of in vitro carcinogenesis.
Authors: M Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This article briefly reviews the approach taken to understand the mechanism of nickel-induced neoplastic transformation. The initial phases of the studies were focused on particulate nickel compounds and on the regulation of phagocytosis of nickel compounds by cells undergoing transformation. The particulate nickel compounds most potent in inducing cell transformation were selectively phagocytized by cells, whereas those that were not active were not phagocytized. The intracellular fate of phagocytized nickel sulfide particles is discussed as well as the interaction of nickel with chromatin. Phagocytized nickel sulfide particles were dissolved in the cytoplasm of cells by the acidification of vacuoles containing phagocytized particles. Nickel ions released from the phagocytized particles produced selective damage in heterochromatin. The selective effects of nickel on heterochromatin are also discussed and related to its mechanism of carcinogenesis.
Prospective evaluation of intrahisian conduction delay.
Authors: J H McAnulty, E Murphy, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We prospectively evaluated 46 patients who had intrahisian conduction delay. Twenty-three had a split His potential and 23 had a prolonged HV interval with a normal QRS complex. In those with a split His, the interval between the two His potentials averaged 32.7 msec (range 9--90 msec); in nine patients this split His was demonstrated only by atrial pacing. The 20 patients from this group with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction have been followed for an average of 18.1 months (range 2--48 months). All are alive. Three have had syncope, but Holter monitoring revealed no bradyarrhythmias. In the 23 patients with a narrow QRS and prolonged HV interval, the HV interval averaged 73.7 msec (range 57--180 msec). Twelve of these patients received pacemakers at the time of the His bundle study, six had symptomatic atrioventricular block and five had symptomatic sinus pauses. The 11 patients who did not receive pacemakers have been followed for an average of 15.1 months (range 2--44 months). In three with recurrent syncope and five with dizziness, monitoring has revealed no bradyarrhythmias. One patient died from a myocardial infarction without arrhythmias. Further prospective evaluation of patients with intrahisian conduction delay without documented bradyarrhythmias is needed, but with follow-up averaging 17 months and up to 4 years, patients with intrahisian conduction delay and without documented bradyarrhythmias appear not to require prophylactic permanent pacemakers to decrease morbidity or mortality.
High-Frequency Ventilation
Authors: P. Pearl O'Rourke
Journal: JAMA (1983)

RESPIRATORY failure from parenchymal lung disease was the admitting diagnosis for 139 of more than 2,200 admissions to the Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit at The Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston during 1982. Despite maximal medical support, 32 of these children died, an unacceptable mortality that demands ongoing investigation of new, innovative, and possibly more effective forms of support. The conventional therapeutic approach to patients with respiratory failure includes safe and effective support of cardiovascular function and gas exchange while treating the underlying pulmonary pathological condition. The present methods of respiratory support include increased ambient oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, and, ultimately, intermittent positive-pressure breathing. In most patients, gas exchange can be supported by these techniques; but in some situations, ventilationperfusion relationships are so deranged that death results from hypoxemia and/or respiratory acidosis. In addition to clinical limitations, respiratory support can also produce complications. These include oxygen toxicity and barotrauma
Antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia in chronic kidney disease patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: new insights
Authors: Iain C. Macdougall, Simon D. Roger, Angel de Francisco, David J.A. Goldsmith, Huub Schellekens, Hans Ebbers, Wolfgang Jelkmann, Gérard London, Nicole Casadevall, Walter H. Hörl, David M. Kemeny, Carol Pollock
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Clustered incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia during gefitinib treatment for non‐small‐cell lung cancer: Experience at a single institution
Authors: Keitaro Matsuo, Katsuyuki Kiura, Masahiro Tabata, Akiko Uchida, Katsuyuki Hotta, Daigo Niiya, Shiro Kubonishi, Atsuko Ogino, Yoshiro Fujiwara, Hiromi Nakajima, Katsuji Shinagawa, Fumihiko Ishimaru, Hiroshi Ueoka, Mitsune Tanimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Although gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown a significant activity for recurrent non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its long‐term adverse effect with its continuous usage has hitherto not been clearly elucidated. Subjects were 108 consecutive NSCLC cases who were treated with gefitinib between November 2001 and December 2004 at our single institution. A crude incidence rate ratio was calculated by ratio of crude incidence rate in our subject to population‐based incident rate of all leukemia (ICD: C91‐95) in the same region. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based upon a Poisson distribution. Three cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) occurred during gefitinib treatment, and these patients' past treatment histories are presented herein. No other malignancy was identified. All of the cases were diagnosed at the stage of mild‐to‐moderate cytopenia, especially thrombocytopenia, without disseminated intravascular coagulation. All presented a normal karyotype with positive PML‐RARα in RT‐PCR, indicating submicroscopic translocation. They responded well to APL treatments, including all‐trans‐retinoic acid. The crude incident rate ratio was 639.9 (95% confidence interval: 131.6–1,878.9, P &lt; 0.0001) when the APL incidence in this cohort was compared to all leukemia cases in the general population in the same district in Japan. Thus we had three cases of secondary APL patients within the gefitinib‐treated NSCLC cohort. Although we cannot exclude an effect of past exposure of other cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy as a cause of APL, APL inducibility of gefitinib should be clarified in the further study. Am. J. Hematol. 81:349–354, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aureomycin in the Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Joshua B. Burnett, John Milne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

CONFLICTING reports on the effectiveness of aureomycin in the treatment of infectious mononucleosis have appeared in the past year. Lyons and Hard1 studied 43 cases, — 25 controls and 18 treated patients. They shortened the average days of hospitalization from thirty-nine days to twenty-six days and the average length of the disease from forty-four days to thirty-two days; the duration of fever and liver involvement were strikingly less. Symptoms cleared in forty-eight hours. Other workers have had less favorable results. Seifert and his co-workers2 treated 47 patients by giving aureomycin or a placebo to patients at home and estimating results . . .
The confidence to doubt
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In the documentary The English Surgeon reviewed this week (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39511.711227.3A), English surgeon Henry Marsh debates with his Ukrainian colleague whether success in medicine is about dedicating your life to saving patients or accumulating academic honours. Why should it be one or the other, I found myself asking. So I’m intrigued to find this conflict between academic and clinical medicine as a subplot in our Head to Head article on metabolic syndrome (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39484.636586.94, doi: 10.1136/bmj.39477.500197.AD).

Edwin Gale, an academic clinician, argues that we should dump the syndrome because it has no clinical value. In the syndrome’s defence, George Alberti and P Z …
Presidential Commission Recommends Campaign Against Drug Abuse to Help Combat AIDS
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE PRESIDENTIAL commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemic is accepting an even larger challenge: to control not just acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but also drug abuse and any future outbreaks of exotic, unusual, or previously unknown diseases. The commission recommends an "integrated national strategy" for tackling AIDS that would be sustained for at least ten years and cost an estimated $2 billion a year. Major efforts should be undertaken, the commissioners say, to control intravenous drug abuse, health care delivery services should be adapted to cope adequately with the epidemic, basic biomedical research must be expanded, and drug development and regulation need to be facilitated. These are the first recommendations to come from the commission that the President created last summer. They cover three of the 12 issues that the commission intends to address by the time of its final report June 24. The commission's proposals to control
Ewing Tumors That Do Not Overexpress BMI-1 Are a Distinct Molecular Subclass with Variant Biology: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Aaron Cooper, John van Doorninck, Lingyun Ji, Darren Russell, Marc Ladanyi, Hiroyuki Shimada, Mark Krailo, Richard B. Womer, Jessie Hao-ru Hsu, Dafydd Thomas, Timothy J. Triche, Richard Sposto, Elizabeth R. Lawlor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are aggressive tumors of putative stem cell origin for which prognostic biomarkers and novel treatments are needed. In several human cancers, high expression of the polycomb protein BMI-1 is associated with poor outcome. We have assessed the potential clinical significance of BMI-1 expression level in ESFT.BMI-1 expression was assessed in 130 tumors by immunostaining and associations with clinical features and outcome determined. The molecular signatures of BMI-1-low and BMI-1-high tumors were compared using microarrays and differentially activated canonical pathways identified by gene-specific enrichment analysis. Automated quantitative analysis of phosphoproteins was used to assess relative levels of pathway activation. Sensitivity to IGF1-R inhibition was determined using MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assays.BMI-1 is overexpressed by the vast majority of ESFTs. However, in 20% of cases, BMI-1 levels are low to undetectable. Significantly, although clinical presentation and outcome were similar between BMI-1-high and BMI-1-low tumors, whole genome expression array analysis showed marked differences in their respective gene expression profiles. Gene-specific enrichment analysis identified that several cancer-associated canonical biological pathways, including IGF1, mTOR, and WNT, are significantly downregulated in BMI-1-low compared with BMI-1-high tumors. Consistent with these in vivo data, the response to IGF1-R inhibition in vitro was diminished in BMI-1-low compared with BMI-1-high ESFT cells.ESFT that do not overexpress BMI-1 represent a novel subclass with a distinct molecular profile and altered activation of and dependence on cancer-associated biological pathways.
Immunofluorescent localization of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen in human diseases. II. Acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis.
Authors: D Koffler, F Paronetto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Gamma globulin and complement have been demonstrated in renal glomeruli of patients with glomerulonephritis (1-10).Certain problems, which are the subject of the present investigation, remain to be elucidated: 1) the type of immuno- globulin (y2, 71m, or yiA) present in the renal le- sion and its relation to complement localization; and 2) the significance of fibrinogen localization.Kidneys from patients with acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis were examined by the fluorescent antibody technique to assess the nature of protein deposition in the renal parenchyma. MethodsSpecimens from 17 patients with acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis were quick-frozen in dry ice and isopentane at -70°C.The methods of tissue fixa- tion, preparation of fluoresceinated antisera, and fluores- cence microscopy have been described in a previous pa- per (11).Histological examination was performed on
Whistleblower lawsuit claims Takeda concealed harms of diabetes drug
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A medical doctor and former consultant to Takeda Pharmaceuticals is charging in a whistleblower lawsuit that the company failed to report serious adverse events related to the antidiabetes drug pioglitazone (marketed as Actos).

Helen Ge states in her lawsuit that Takeda “instructed medical reviewers not to report hundreds of non-hospitalized or non-fatal congestive heart failure cases as ‘serious’ adverse events and thus avoided its responsibility of accurately analyzing and reporting these hundreds of serious adverse events to the FDA [US Food and Drug Administration].”

She also claims that the company failed to report 28 of 100 cases of bladder cancers to the FDA, which she called a “serious discrepancy,” and that Takeda told her to change her notation that the cancers were “related” to “unrelated.” The suit says that she was fired …
An Innovative Microarray Strategy Identities Informative Molecular Markers for the Detection of Micrometastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaidi Mikhitarian, William E. Gillanders, Jonas S. Almeida, Renee Hebert Martin, Juan C. Varela, John S. Metcalf, David J. Cole, Michael Mitas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract There is increasing evidence that molecular detection of micrometastatic breast cancer in the axillary lymph nodes (ALN) of breast cancer patients can improve staging. Molecular analyses of samples obtained from the Minimally Invasive Molecular Staging of Breast Cancer Trial (n = 489 patients) indicate that whereas the majority of molecular markers are informative for the detection of metastatic breast cancer (significant disease burden), only a few are sensitive for the detection of micrometastatic disease (limited disease burden). Frequency distribution and linear regression analyses reveal that relative levels of gene expression are highly correlated with apparent sensitivity for the detection of micrometastic breast cancer (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These data provides statistical validation of the concept that the most informative markers for detection of micrometastatic disease are those that are most highly expressed in metastatic disease. To test this hypothesis, we developed an innovative microarray strategy. RNA from a metastatic breast cancer ALN was diluted into RNA from a normal lymph node and analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays. Expression analysis indicated that only two genes [mammaglobin (mam) and trefoil factor 1 (TFF1)] were significantly overexpressed at a dilution of 1:50. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of pathology-negative ALN (n = 72) confirm that of all the markers tested, mam and TFF1 have the highest apparent sensitivity for detection of micrometastatic breast cancer. We conclude that a dilutional microarray approach is a simple and reliable method for the identification of informative molecular markers for the detection of micrometastatic cancer.