tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A THYMUS HUMORAL FACTOR CONFERRING IMMUNOCOMPETENCE ON LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: Nathan Trainin, Myra Small
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

By means of an assay of graft-versus-host activity some properties of the thymic humoral factor which confers immunocompetence upon lymphoid cells in vitro have been studied. Allogeneic and xenogeneic thymic preparations were found to activate lymphoid cells from neonatally thymectomized mice, enabling initiation of a graft-versus-host response. Thus, this thymus factor is apparently neither strain nor species specific. The active principle of calf thymus extracts was found to be in the supernatant after prolonged ultracentrifugation. When exhaustive dialysis and ultrafiltration through Diaflo membranes were performed, the active thymus agent was found to pass through both the dialysis sac and Diaflo UM-2 membranes. The molecule which confers immunocompetence upon lymphoid cells thus seems to be of molecular weight of an order of magnitude of 1000 or less. Dialyzed thymus preparations injected into neonatally thymectomized mice also restored the capacity of spleen cells of these mice to induce graft-versus-host activity. When injected into intact mice, thymus extract also increased the proportion of competent cells in the spleens of these animals, probably by activation of target cells originating outside the spleen.
Infected Retro-umbilical Dermoid Presenting as an Acute Emergency
Authors: D. Keown
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Medical Memoranda?Bsx u 33 cerebral oedema, but if this is so it is surprising that cerebral oedema occurs so rarely in patients treated for diabetic ketosis with intravenous saline.Until more is known about the aetiology of this form of sudden death in diabetic ketosis it may be advisable to be cautious in the administration of sodium bicarbonate.Furthermore, it may be advisable to reduce the blood glucose in ketotic patients more slowly than is usually-advocated, and this could be achieved by the earlier administration of glucose-containing infusions.
Application of the Antistreptolysin-O Titer in the Evaluation of Joint Pain and in the Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Sujoy B. Roy, George P. Sturgis, Benedict F. Massell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

A RECENT review of the literature1 and our own experience at the House of the Good Samaritan2 3 4 5 suggest that early treatment of rheumatic fever with ACTH and cortisone may prevent or mitigate heart damage. Early treatment is dependent on early diagnosis of the disease. Clinically, rheumatic fever is diagnosed by such manifestations as subcutaneous nodules, chorea, erythema marginatum, carditis and arthritis. Subcutaneous nodules are a late manifestation, and chorea and erythema marginatum occur sometimes early but also frequently late in the course of the disease. When definite carditis (significant murmurs or congestive heart failure) has been established, some irreversible damage . . .
Transposition of the Pulmonary Veins
Authors: WARREN G. GUNTHEROTH, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The seriousness of incomplete transposition of the pulmonary veins has probably been underestimated in the past. Data on 11 patients is presented, including 10 with associated atrial septal defects. Common symptoms were dyspnea, fatigability, and frequent respiratory infections. Examination revealed no cyanosis, widely split second sound, soft systolic murmur and middiastolic murmur at the apex. One third demonstrated a presystolic murmur of medium pitch. The electrocardiographic and radiographic features were characteristic of atrial septal defects. There were no specific vascular shadows in any of our patients. Catheterization data were also characteristic of atrial septal defects. There was an inverse relationship between the right atrial pressure and systemic index. Anomalous pulmonary veins were entered during the right heart catheterization in 6 of the 10 patients catheterized. Seven patients have had atrioseptopexy to close the septal defect and to direct the blood from the anomalously draining veins into the newly enlarged left atrium. An eighth patient had repair and shift of the atrial septum by means of open heart surgery through a pump oxygenator. This approach will probably prove optimal for future operations.
Serologically proved intrauterine infection with parvovirus.
Authors: P D Knott, G A Welply, M J Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Case 2-A day old girl was referred, having developed cyanotic episodes not associated with feeding at 12 hours.Catheters were easily passed into the oropharynx through both nostrils.She was prescribed 0.5% ephedrine nose drops for evident nasal congestion, but her condition deteriorated so the drops were withdrawn.Radiological findings were normal, and examination under anaesthesia showed normal airways except for mucosal congestion in the nose.The nasal passages were dilated up to 14 French gauge.Post- operatively regular nasal suction and decongestants were used.Her condition deteriorated again with 0-5% ephedrine drops, which were again withdrawn.Three days postoperatively she still showed intercostal recession but could breathe through her mouth and was feeding well enough to return to the referring hospital.Three months later she was healthy with no airway or feeding problems.
Abstract 417: α9β1 integrin, as a critical regulator of lymphatic metastasis and growth of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Daichi Ohta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated in various stages of cancer progression such as malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Several groups independently demonstrated that plasma OPN level is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for several human malignancies (Bellahcene A et al, Nat Rev Cancer 8:212, 2008 and Anborgh PH, et al Clin Chem 55:895, 2009). Interestingly, a human breast cancer cell with an aggressive lymph node metastatic ability has been established, which demonstrated strong expression of α9β1 integrin and OPN (Vantyghem SA et al Clin &amp; Exp Meta 22:351, 2005). Of note, α9β1 integrin is a receptor for not only OPN, but also VEGF-C and -D, known lymphatic vessel growth factors. To address whether and how α9β1 integrin is involved in tumorigenesis, growth, invasion and lymph node metastasis, we took advantage of using an inhibitory anti-human α9 integrin antibody (clone: K33N), which does not cross react with murine α9 integrin and an α9β1 integrin-positive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 luc-D3H2LN (D3H2LN), in in vitro functional assays and an in vivo orthotopic xenotransplantation model. We found that K33N inhibited in vitro migration and invasion of D3H2LN cells, indicating that the interaction of α9β1 integrin with its ligands was involved in the breast cancer cells motility. Next, we inoculated D3H2LN cells into the mammary fat pad of nude mice at day 0, and K33N or control IgG was given to them twice per week from day 15 to day 50 after tumor inoculation. K33N significantly reduced both primary tumor growth and draining lymph node metastasis. To gain an understanding of the mechanism by which K33N suppressed the primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, we examined the expression of various molecules which are associated with the cancer progression. We found significant matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) up-regulation in K33N-treated primary tumor tissues, consistent with a recent report demonstrating an indirect involvement of MMPs involved in tumor growth. Of note, upon orthotopic injection of human D3H2LN cells, plasma level of host-derived murine OPN, but not tumor-derived human OPN was significantly elevated. Surprisingly, host-derived murine OPN was significantly reduced in the mice treated with K33N. These results suggest that the interaction between α9β1 integrin on breast cancer cells and its ligands favors the generation of tissue microenvironments which contribute to primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 417. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-417
Hsp27 Expression in Neuroblastoma: Correlation With Disease Stage
Authors: D. R. Ungar, N. Hailat, J. R. Strahler, R. D. Kuick, G. M. Brodeur, R. C. Seeger, C. P. Reynolds, S. M. Hanash
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Hsp27 Expression in Neuroblastoma: Correlation With Disease Stage Get access David R. Ungar, David R. Ungar *Department of Pediatric Heamatology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nabil Hailat, Nabil Hailat Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John R. Strahler, John R. Strahler *Department of Pediatric Heamatology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rork D. Kuick, Rork D. Kuick *Department of Pediatric Heamatology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Garrett M. Brodeur, Garrett M. Brodeur Department of Pediatrics. Washington University Medical SchoolSt. Louis, MO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert C. Seeger, Robert C. Seeger Division of Hematology/Oncology and Children's Cancer Group, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and University of Southern California School of MedicineArcadia, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Patrick Reynolds, C. Patrick Reynolds Division of Hematology/Oncology and Children's Cancer Group, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and University of Southern California School of MedicineArcadia, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samir M. Hanash Samir M. Hanash *Department of Pediatric Heamatology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Correspondence to: Samir M. Hanash, M.D., Ph.D., University of Michigan Cancer Center, Carcinogenesis Program. 101 Simpson Dr., R4451 Kresge 1.Box 0510, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0752 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 10, 18 May 1994, Pages 780–784, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.10.780 Published: 18 May 1994 Article history Received: 15 October 1993 Revision received: 09 February 1994 Accepted: 17 February 1994 Published: 18 May 1994
Radioisotopes in Malignancies in Children
Authors: Melvin Tefft
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Of 1,500 children undergoing brain scanning, approximately 90% with low-grade cerebellar astrocytomas and 45% with medulloblastoma will have positive scans. In the supratentorial region, 85% to 90% of patients with highly malignant gliomas (grade 3-4), 15% to 20% of patients with low-grade gliomas (grade 1-2), 65% with optic glioma, and 30% with symptoms or signs, or both, of infiltration by acute leukemia, will have positive scans. Among 800 children having liver scans, primary lesions (hepatoma) were found in 100% of proven cases; and metastatic foci, in approximately 85% of those with proven liver metastases. The liver scan was useful in outlining liver volume for radiotherapeutic management. At routine liver scanning, a spleen scan was obtained to outline splenic cysts in 100% of children examined. With newer isotopes, scanning is applicable now as a routine method of survey in children.
Study stokes debate over patterns of non-communicable disease in India
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We investigated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subtype cascades in human neutrophils stimulated by IL-1β. IL-1β induced phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK and phosphorylation of MAPK kinase-3/6 (MKK3/6). Maximal activation of p38 MAPK was obtained by stimulation of cells with 300 U/ml IL-1β for 10 min. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was faintly phosphorylated and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was not phosphorylated by IL-1β. IL-1β primed neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) stimulated by FMLP in parallel with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. IL-1β also induced O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> release and up-regulation of CD11b and CD15, and both responses were inhibited by SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), suggesting that p38 MAPK activation mediates IL-1β-induced O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> release and up-regulation of CD11b and CD15. Combined stimulation of neutrophils with IL-1β and G-CSF, a selective activator of the ERK cascade, resulted in the additive effects when the priming effect and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK were assessed. IL-1β induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK as well as p38 MAPK in human endothelial cells. These findings suggest that 1) in human neutrophils the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade is selectively activated by IL-1β and activation of this cascade mediates IL-1β-induced O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> release and up-regulation of CD11b and CD15, and 2) the IL-1R-p38 MAPK pathway and the G-CSF receptor-ERK pathway work independently for activation of neutrophils.
Acute lymphoid leukemias following either a previous chronic myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome: Phenotypic and genomic differences
Authors: J. M. Hernández, I. Sánchez, M. González, A. Orfao, R. González‐Sarmiento, J. F. San Miguel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We have analyzed the immunological and genomic characteristics of the lymphoid blast cells present in secondary lymphoid leukemias following either a previous chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Twenty‐one of 107 secondary leukemias analyzed displayed a lymphoid phenotype (15 after a CML and 6 after a MDS). Most of the lymphoid blast crises of CML (73%) correspond to pure lymphoid transformation, all of them having a common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) phenotype (CD10+). By contrast, in all MDS cases, lymphoid blast cells coexisted with another myeloid component (hybrid leukemias) and showed an early B phenotype. IgH and TCR‐γ gene rearrangements were detected in the CML‐lymphoid blast crisis (86% of cases) more frequently than in the MDS transformations (33%). The TCR‐β gene was in germ line configuration in all cases while TCR‐δ gene rearrangements were detected in four cases, all of them corresponding to a previous diagnosis of CML. These results show the existence of both immunophenotypic and genomic differences between the lymphoid transformations of either CML or MDS, which could reflect differences at the stage of maturation of the target cell in these transformations.
Smoking on exhibition?
Authors: N. Shinji
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Walking in the Hongo Campus of the University of Tokyo, an exquisite garden landscaped by a feudal lord several hundred years ago, you pass through a dense grove beside a pond to encounter a group of statues of pioneers who contributed to the expansion of wisdom. The campus, being full of such commemorations and natural remains, along with its university museum, plays an important role in assembling and exhibiting materials to both researchers and society. Some materials are available only in this campus, increasing its prestige as a museum.

It seems that the University of Tokyo is …
WHO queries culling of civet cats
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As a third suspected case of SARS emerged in Guangdong province, southern China, officials from the World Health Organization have queried the decision to cull civet cats, considered a delicacy in the province.

Genetic sequencing of samples from the first SARS case of 2004, a Chinese journalist, indicates that the virus that infected the man is similar to that carried by civet cats. The local government ordered a mass slaughter of the wild animal as a result.

Various methods, including drowning in …
Iceland has highest rates of cure of cancer and Poland has lowest, study shows
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of patients considered cured of cancer in Europe is rising, but there are wide geographical differences, a study has shown.

Data from a long running study of cancer survival in Europe show that the number of people estimated to be cured, rather than surviving for at least five years after diagnosis, is steadily increasing ( European Journal of Cancer 2009:45:901-1094).

The researchers define cured as a patient who has been treated successfully for cancer and who has a life expectancy equal to that of the rest of the population of the same sex and age.

The proportion of patients estimated to be cured of lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers increased from 6% …
Comparison of Five Antihypertensive Monotherapies and Placebo for Change in Left Ventricular Mass in Patients Receiving Nutritional-Hygienic Therapy in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS)
Authors: Philip R. Liebson, Greg A. Grandits, Sinda Dianzumba, Ronald J. Prineas, Richard H. Grimm, James D. Neaton, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) by echocardiography is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is of interest to compare the effects of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the treatment of hypertension on reduction of LVM.Changes in LV structure were assessed by M-mode echocardiograms in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 844 mild hypertensive participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic (NH) intervention plus placebo or NH plus one of five classes of antihypertensive agents: (1) diuretic (chlorthalidone), (2) beta-blocker (acebutolol), (3) alpha-antagonist (doxazosin mesylate), (4) calcium antagonist (amlodipine maleate), or (5) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril maleate). Echocardiograms were performed at baseline, at 3 months, and annually for 4 years. Changes in blood pressure averaged 16/12 mm Hg in the active treatment groups and 9/9 mm Hg in the NH only group. All groups showed significant decreases (10% to 15%) in LVM from baseline that appeared at 3 months and continued for 48 months. The chlorthalidone group experienced the greatest decrease at each follow-up visit (average decrease, 34 g), although the differences from other groups were modest (average decrease among 5 other groups, 24 to 27 g). Participants randomized to NH intervention only had mean changes in LVM similar to those in the participants randomized to NH intervention plus pharmacological treatment. The greatest difference between groups was seen at 12 months, with mean decreases ranging from 35 g (chlorthalidone group) to 17 g (acebutolol group) (P = .001 comparing all groups). Within-group analysis showed that changes in weight, urinary sodium excretion, and systolic BP were moderately correlated with changes in LVM, being statistically significant in most analyses.NH intervention with emphasis on weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium is as effective as NH intervention plus pharmacological treatment in reducing echocardiographically determined LVM, despite a smaller decrease in blood pressure in the NH intervention only group. A possible exception is that the addition of diuretic (chlorthalidone) may have a modest additional effect on reducing LVM.
External Isovolumic Contraction Times and Left Ventricular Ejection Time/External Isovolumic Contraction Time Ratios at Rest and After Exercise in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW, ALLEN F. BOWYER, MARVIN A. KAPLAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Twenty-one men with coronary heart disease had supine phonocardiograms and carotid pulse tracings at rest, immediately after upright bicycle exercise, and 3 min after exercise 1 day preceding left ventricular cineangiography. External isovolumic contraction times (EICT) and left ventricular ejection time/EICT (LVET/EICT) ratios were computed and correlated with ejection fractions and ventricular end-diastolic volumes determined from right anterior oblique cineangiograms. For the ejection fraction, the highest correlations were with the LVET/EICT ratios immediately after (r = 0.71) and 3 min after exercise (r = 0.69). For the end-diastolic volume, the highest correlations were with the LVET/EICT ratios immediately after (r = –0.79) and 3 min after exercise (r = –0.80). The LVET/EICT ratio immediately after exercise differentiated between 13 patients with an ejection fraction of 50% or greater and eight patients with an ejection fraction &lt;50%. These data indicate that the LVET/EICT ratio after exercise is a good noninvasive measurement for assessment of myocardial contractility.
Abstract LB-325: Sphingosine-1-phosphate links chronic intestinal inflammation to development of colitis-associated cancer.
Authors: Masayuki Nagahashi, Jie Liang, Eugene Y. Kim, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, Akimitsu Yamada, Wei-Ching Huang, Nitai C. Hait, Jeremy C. Allegood, Megan M. Price, Dorit Avni, Kazuaki Takabe, Tomasz Kordula, Sheldon Milstien, Sarah Spiegel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 and their downstream master transcription factors NF-kappaB and Stat3 are critical regulators of chronic inflammation and cancer. There is growing evidence that sphingosine-1-phosphage (S1P), a pleiotropic bioactive sphingolipid metabolite formed inside cells by two closely related sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, is involved in inflammation and cancer. In this work, we have shown that S1P produced by upregulation of SphK1 links chronic intestinal inflammation to CAC and both are exacerbated by deletion of SphK2. S1P is essential for production of the multifunctional NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine IL-6, persistent activation of the transcription factor Stat3, and consequent upregulation of the S1P receptor, S1PR1. Adoptive transfer demonstrated that SphK2 deficiency in hematopoietic cells contributed to colitis severity, IL-6 production, and activation of Stat3 and NF-kappaB. The pro-drug FTY720 decreased SphK1 and S1PR1 and eliminated the NF-kappaB-IL-6-Stat3 amplification cascade and development of CAC even in SphK2-/- mice, suggesting that FTY720 may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with ulcerative colitis. Thus, the SphK1-S1P-S1PR1 axis is at the nexus between NF-kappaB and Stat3 and connects chronic inflammation and CAC. This work was supported by NIH grants R37GM043880, R01CA61774 (to S.S.) and K12HD055881 and the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Research Foundation grant (to K.T.). M.N. is a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellow. E.Y.K. and J.C.A. were supported by NIH training grant T32HL094290. Citation Format: Masayuki Nagahashi, Jie Liang, Eugene Y. Kim, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, Akimitsu Yamada, Wei-Ching Huang, Nitai C. Hait, Jeremy C. Allegood, Megan M. Price, Dorit Avni, Kazuaki Takabe, Tomasz Kordula, Sheldon Milstien, Sarah Spiegel. Sphingosine-1-phosphate links chronic intestinal inflammation to development of colitis-associated cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-325