tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Docetaxel as rescue medication in anthracycline- and ifosfamide-resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: Results of a phase II trial
Authors: W.J. Köstler, T. Brodowicz, Y. Attems, M. Hejna, S. Tomek, G. Amann, W.C.C. Fiebiger, Ch. Wiltschke, M. Krainer, Ch.C. Zielinski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)

Metastatic soft tissue sarcoma not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with anthracyclines and ifosfamide represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these patients, most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against toxicity caused by palliative treatment.Patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma refractory to treatment with anthracyclines and ifosfamide were enrolled into the present phase II study. Patients were assigned to receive docetaxel at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe toxicity, patients were switched to a weekly schedule of docetaxel (40 mg/m2).A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 patients. Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) patients and 4 (15%) patients experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three patients initially responsive to treatment with docetaxel were successfully reinduced by treatment with docetaxel. The safety profile of docetaxel was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis.Our results suggest that docetaxel represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of patients refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of patients most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with docetaxel.
COPD and exposure to smoke biomass in non-smokers women in a semi-rural region of Tunisia
Authors: Nada Rahmouni, Ines Zendah, Ibtihel Khouaja, Leila Bayahi, Amel Khattab, Habib Ghedira
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Many studies have suggested that biomass smoke is a risk factor for COPD and this study is conducted to compare, in non-smokers housewives, the prevalence of COPD symptoms and airway obstruction as related to biomass exposure.   Methods:  From April to October 2010, 243 women over 30 years-old were randomly selected from a municipal list of the semi-rural city of Kasserine in Tunisia. Among the 140 non smokers women who consent to be explored, 81 (58%) are exposed to smoke biomass from traditional wood cooking (n=47) or traditional coal house heating (n=20) or both (n=14). An auto-questionnaire was administered and FEV1 and FEV6 were measured using an expiratory flow meter (PiKo-6).   Results:  Age of exposed and non exposed housewives did not differ (48±12 yrs-old vs 48±12 yrs-old; p=1) but exposed women have lower education level (p   Conclusion:  COPD-related symptoms and airway obstruction are significantly more prevalent in non smokers women, from semi rural area in Tunisia, exposed to biomass smoke from traditional wood cooking or traditional coal house heating.
Inhibition of Tumor Growth by the Peptidoglycan From Bacillus megaterium 2
Authors: C. Nauciel, A. F. Goguel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

When injected in admixture with tumor cells, the peptidoglycan extracted from Bacillus megaterium inhibited the growth of a chemically induced fibrosarcoma in syngeneic rats, In some instances, the tumor growth was totally suppressed. Animals rejecting mixed inocula exhibited a tumor-specific immunity. Peptidoglycan was not cytotoxic for tumor cells; it rendered macrophages nonspecifically cytotoxic.
Cardiac dysfunction following spinal irradiation during childhood.
Authors: R I Jakacki, J W Goldwein, R L Larsen, G Barber, J H Silber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Although spinal irradiation used in the treatment of CNS malignancies includes a portion of the heart in the radiation field, cardiac effects have not been previously reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared patients treated for malignancy in childhood with spinal irradiation (n = 26) with patients treated with mediastinal/flank irradiation (n = 47) that included the heart in the radiation field. All patients were more than 1 year from completion of radiation therapy. Patients underwent at least two of the following cardiac evaluations: (1) ECG; (2) 24-hour ambulatory ECG; (3) echocardiogram; and (4) exercise-testing using cycle ergometry. RESULTS Twelve of 16 patients (75%) in the spinal irradiation group with an assessable exercise test achieved a maximal cardiac index (MCI) below the fifth percentile as compared with 13 of 40 patients (32%) who had received mediastinal/flank irradiation (P = .007). Furthermore, after adjusting for normal heart growth, radiation and anthracycline doses, and follow-up time, the group of patients who received spinal irradiation had significantly higher estimated posterior wall stress (P = .002), expressed as the natural logarithm of the ratio of end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (LVID) to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), than the group who had received mediastinal/flank irradiation. Finally, eight of 26 patients (31%) in the spinal group had pathologic Q-waves in the inferior leads versus three of 47 (6.4%) in the mediastinal/flank group (P = .001). CONCLUSION Patients who have received spinal irradiation for pediatric malignancies appear to be at risk for significant cardiac dysfunction. The asymmetric distribution of radiation to a growing heart, as given with spinal irradiation, may be the cause of these findings.
Immunological aspects of psoriasis.
Authors: JEAN-JACQUES GUILHOU, JACQUES CLOT, BERNARD GUILLOT, MONIQUE ANDARY, JEAN MEYNADIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

We investigated sixteen patients before and after 1 month of PUVA therapy (three times a week) for circulating immune complexes (CIC) and T-cell markers. CIC were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, using a laser nephelometry determination of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 3.5%) precipitated endogenous C4. T cells were evaluated by E rosettes, active E rosettes, anti-HTLA serum and ox EA gamma-rosettes. This latter method investigated mainly T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Tgamma-cells). After 1 month of PUVA-therapy: (a) the cutaneous lesions markedly improved; (b) the mean percentages of E rosettes, active E rosettes, and HTLA bearing cells, depressed before treatment, returned to normal; (c) CIC were found in higher amounts; (d) T gamma-cell numbers decreased simultaneously. The improvement of T-cell levels assessed by E rosettes, active E rosettes and HTLA values was correlated with clearing of skin lesions, as previously reported by others. However, the increase of CIC during PUVA therapy, their correlation with T gamma-cell decrease, and their possible role in the pathogenic chain of psoriasis remains uncertain.
Microanatomical dissection of the human dermis: the three-dimensional relationship between leucocytes, lymphatics and blood vessels
Authors: XN Wang, N McGovern, M Gunawan, C Richardson, M Windebank, TW Siah, HY Lim, K Fink, Jy Li, L Ng, F Ginhoux, Angeli, M Collin, M Haniffa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)
Cytotoxic Assays and Other Immunologic Studies of Leukemias Induced by Friend Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Britta Wahren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Journal Article Cytotoxic Assays and Other Immunologic Studies of Leukemias Induced by Friend Virus Get access Britta Wahren Britta Wahren Institute for Medical Cell Research and Genetics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 31, Issue 2, August 1963, Pages 411–423, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/31.2.411 Published: 01 August 1963 Article history Received: 18 March 1963 Published: 01 August 1963
Sleep behavior and disturbance in high school students; a cross-sectional study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Roah Merdad, Siraj Wali, Douaa El Derwi, Ayman Krayem, Rawan Nassif
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction    Sleep disturbance and insufficient sleep pose a serious risk for adolescents as they have been linked to a higher incidence of road traffic accidents, psychological distress and decreased learning capacity.   Aims   To investigate the sleep-wake patterns and prevalence of sleep disturbance among high school students and their relationship with school performance and psychological stress.   Methods   A cross sectional study was carried out from January to May 2011 on a random sample of high school students. Participants completed a questionnaire which included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).   Results   947 students were recruited, of whom 55.6% were female with a mean age of (16.9±1.17). Marked delay of mean weekend sleep (04:58) and rise (12:04) time was identified. The total hours of sleep on school nights was 6.97 ± 2.72, with an average estimated sleep latency of 25 minutes. Ten percent of students reported using medications within the last month to help them fall asleep. Disturbed sleep (PSQI score >5) was found in 56% of the study participants. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) defined as ESS score of > 10 was found in around one third (37%) of students. Fifty-five percent were identified as psychologically distressed based on PSS. No significant difference was identified in PSQI global score between stressed and not stressed groups (p= 0.590), or between different GPAs (p= 0.129).   Conclusions   More than half of the students had sleep disturbance and over a third had abnormal daytime sleepiness. Further studies to investigate the reasons for such sleep problems and intervention programs are needed.
Goat Lymphosarcoma From Bovine Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Olson, R Kettmann, A Burny, R Kaja
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A goat given inoculations of sheep lymphocytes from cultures that produced bovine leukemia virus (BLV) died 8 years later with lymphosarcoma. The tumors were located in various lymph nodes, the mesentery, omentum, body wall, and retrobulbar tissues. The BLV had been cultured from lymphocytes during the first year after the goat's infection, and persisting BLV antibodies could be demonstrated when the animal was 7.5 years old. BLV provirus was identified by molecular hybridization in the DNA of the goat tumors at the above five locations. The tumors were similar to those found in lymphosarcoma of the adult bovine type (BLV associated). Normal goat liver, normal calf thymus, and calf-type lymphosarcoma (not BLV associated) served as negative controls. Our serologic, histologic, and molecular hybridization studies are evidence that the lymphosarcoma was induced BLV.
Response of the COPD assessment test (CAT) to short-term inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Rainer Gloeckl, Inga Heinzelmann, Katrin Beutel, Andreas Jerrentrup, Klaus Kenn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a short and simple to use questionnaire to assess the impact of COPD on health-related quality of life (HRQL). It was evaluated to show response to usually 8 week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs.   Objective   Aim of this prospective study was to investigate the effects of a 3-week comprehensive inpatient PR in patients with severe COPD on CAT-Score and to search for potential correlations between changes in CAT score and outcome parameters of PR.   Methods   50 COPD-patients (60±8 ys, FEV 1 : 32±9% pred., DLCO: 36±18% pred.) underwent an inpatient PR consisting of endurance-/strength training, breathing retraining, education and psychological support. All patients performed a 6MWT and completed the CAT, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and St. George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) on admission and discharge to determine HRQL.   Results   At baseline, parameters of exercise capacity and items of questionnaires correlated well with CAT-Score (6MWD: r=-0.44; p   Conclusion   CAT score improved significantly (-3.3 pts, p
Oxygen-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Computed Tomography
Authors: Yoshiharu Ohno, Tae Iwasawa, Joom Beom Seo, Hisanobu Koyama, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yeon-Mok Oh, Yoshihiro Nishimura, Kazuro Sugimura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a useful tool for assessing regional morphological and functional changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).To prospectively and directly compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative computed tomography (CT) for smoking-related pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD.One hundred sixty smokers were classified into four age- and gender-matched groups by using the GOLD criteria for smokers: Smokers without COPD (n = 40), Mild COPD (n = 40), Moderate COPD (n = 40), and Severe or Very Severe COPD (n = 40). All smokers underwent O(2)-enhanced MRI, multidetector-row CT, and pulmonary function test. Mean relative enhancement ratio on O(2)-enhanced MRI and CT-based functional lung volume (FLV) on quantitative CT were calculated. To compare the efficacy of O(2)-enhanced MRI and quantitative CT for pulmonary functional loss assessment, both indexes were correlated with pulmonary functional parameters. To determine the efficacy of two methods for clinical stage classification, the four clinical groups' mean relative enhancement ratio and CT-based FLV were statistically compared.Correlations of both indexes with pulmonary functional parameters were significant (P < 0.0001). Pulmonary functional parameters and mean relative enhancement ratio for the four clinical groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05). CT-based FLVs of smokers without COPD and mild COPD were significantly different from those for moderate COPD and severe or very severe COPD (P < 0.05).O(2)-enhanced MRI is effective for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification of smoking-related COPD and quantitative CT.
Does the 2011 GOLD staging of COPD reflect phenotype and severity of the disease as assessed by CT
Authors: Francesca Bigazzi, Matteo Paoletti, Elena Torricelli, Valentina Luzzi, Alessio Garcea, Matteo Vannini, Lorenzo Corsi, Valentina Bellino, Lucia Cestelli, Gianna Camiciottoli, Massimo Pistolesi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Identification of predominant phenotype and overall severity is needed to personalize therapy in patients with COPD. We investigate the relationship between the 2011 GOLD classification and the lung pathologic changes as assessed by CT.  Following GOLD criteria we classified 113 COPD patients into subsets A,B,C,D. We evaluate symptoms with both mMRC and CAT scores. From the original CTscan values of x-ray attenuation and airway wall average thickness we derived by principal component analysis two novel parameters, CT1 and CT2, which are the expression of COPD phenotype and severity as assessed by CT (Camiciottoli,G et al ERJ,in press). Phenotypic characteristics range progressively from airway predominant (CT1-) to emphysema predominant (CT1+). Severity of COPD increases progressively from CT2- to CT2+.  GOLD classifications using mMRC or CAT led to a different subset assignment of 23% of the patients. There were no significant differences among A,B,C,D GOLD subsets (using mMRC or CAT) and the values of CT1 indicating that there is no relationship between the GOLD classification and the CT phenotype of airway or emphysema predominance. Using mMRC, the GOLD subset A had significantly milder CT lung changes with respect to B,C, and D as shown by comparison with CT2. No difference was observed between B and C. Using CAT the only significant differences in CT2 values were observed between subsets A and D and between subsets B and D.  The recently revised GOLD classification of COPD fairly reflects CT severity but not the predominant airway or emphysema CT phenotype of COPD. Personalized therapy is hardly affordable by classifying COPD patients according to the 2011 revised GOLD guidelines.
Genetic Analysis of Mammary Tumor Induction and Expression of Mammary Tumor Virus Antigen in Hormone-Treated Ovariectomized GR Mice 2
Authors: Robertha van Nie, Jo Hilgers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Early stages of mammary tumors (EMT) were induced with a combined treatment of progesterone (P) and estrone (E) in ovariectomized adult GRS/A (GR) mice, a strain of European origin and with a high incidence of mammary cancer. The mammary tumors were comparable to the pregnancy-dependent tumors of breeding females of this strain. The hormone treatment did not lead to EMT in a variety of other strains and only occasionally in the RIII and C3H strains. Treatment with P or E alone did not lead to EMT in GR mice, but treatment with the steroid compound 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (ANT) did mimic the combined effect of P and E. Since EMT could be induced by ANT in all ovariectomized adult GR mice within 3 weeks, this tumor-induction method was suitable for analysis of the gene responsible for palpable, pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors of this strain. Another argument for the usefulness of this test for genetic analysis was the fact that, though mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) of the GR strain was introduced into BALB/c and MAS mice by foster-nursing, ANT treatment did not lead to EMT. First and second backcross analyses showed that one gene was responsible for EMT induction. There was a strong correlation between the presence of EMT and MuMTV antigens in the mammary glands and milk of several first backcross populations between GR and other strains such as C57BL, BALB/c, DBAf, and C3Hf. This suggested that the expression of MuMTV antigens was also controlled by the EMT gene. Two types of resistance phenomena were observed. Neither type could prevent EMT after hormone treatment; however, they could delay EMT development. One resistance factor for EMT induction was noticeable and dominant in reciprocal hybrids of the GR and DBAf strains, whereas another resistance factor was detected in the backcross population only [i.e., in the C57BL × (C57BL × GR) backcross] and not in hybrids; therefore, this factor was recessive. Until now, linkage experiments with 18 markers to locate the gene for EMT induction in the map of the mouse were unsuccessful.
Abstract 3433: The Effect of Normal Pulmonary Arterial Bed Bubble Contrast Conductance and Latency on Bubble Contrast Echocardiography: Does “Any Bubbles” in the left atrium always mean Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)?
Authors: Sherman G Sorensen, Royce Barraclough, Jeremy Ketterer, Todd Turnbaugh, Heidi T May, Joseph B Muhlestein
Journal: Circulation (2007)

BACKGROUND: The presence of a PFO remains a controversial possible mechanism for a significant number of cryptogenic strokes. However, unvalidated and arbitrary criteria of left heart contrast-bubble appearance on echocardiography form the basis for PFO diagnosis, treatment, and research. We postulated that variable conductance of contrast bubbles through the pulmonary artery (PA) vascular bed, as well as bubble latency can result in the misdiagnosis of PFO. METHODS: Consecutive pts (N=50) undergoing PFO closure by intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) guided imaging and right heart catheterization were studied. PULMONARY CONDUCTANCE: Prior to septal closure, ICE imaging of the left atrium was performed during selective PA bubble contrast injections (BCI) at baseline and after injection of 200micrograms of nitroprusside (NP). The appearance of left atrial bubbles was quantified by a validated 1–5 grading system (5–100 bubbles) at rest and following NP. A definite NP response was determined to be present if 2 observers agreed there was at least one grade level increase in bubble conductance from rest. PULMONARY LATENCY: 120 seconds after right atrial BCI, trans-tricuspid ICE pulmonic valve imaging was performed for count of residual bubbles as a correlate of bubbles remaining in the PA at rest. RESULTS: Age was 42 ± 18 years; 70% were female. Pulmonary conductance was present in most pts (84% =grade 1–2, 8% =grade 3– 4). Residual bubbles at the pulmonic valve at 2 minutes were common (range 0 –30 bubbles, mean 6.2 ± 6.5; 42% &gt;5 bubbles). “Definite” increase in conductance after NP was present in 38% of pts. The difference between baseline and NP grade agreed with subjective “definitive” change and “no change” readings (1.26 vs −0.03; p=0.0001). Augmentation of pulmonary conductance by NP was significant (grade 1.32 ±.79 vs 1.74 ± 1.1; p=0.0001) and definitive change was more likely in women than in men (45.7% vs 20.0%; p=0.08). CONCLUSION: We conclude that: pulmonary conductance of bubbles is common, variable, modifiable, and more common in women. Bubble latency in the pulmonary system may erroneously augment Valsalva shunt evaluation. Caution should be exercised when equating lower bubble counts on echocardiography with the diagnosis of PFO.
Experimental Carcinogenesis of the Lung. Inhalation of Gaseous Formaldehyde or an Aerosol of Coal Tar by C3H Mice
Authors: Horton Aw, Tye R, Stemmer Kl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Inhalation of gaseous formaldehyde at atmospheric levels ≥0.10 mg per liter increased the incidence of the following changes in the trachea and the major bronchi of C3H mice: basal-cell hyperplasia, stratification of the epithelium, and squamous-cell metaplasia. The incidence of the first 2 changes was increased above normal in mice inhaling 0.05 mg of formaldehyde per liter. Atypical metaplastic changes in the trachea that did not progress to an invasive carcinoma were observed in animals in contact with 0.2 mg of formaldehyde per liter. Animals repeatedly subjected to inhalation of 0.05 mg of formaldehyde per liter of air for 35 weeks, followed by 29 weeks of repeated exposure to 0.15 mg of formaldehyde per liter, showed no evidence of development of pulmonary neoplasms when killed after 64 weeks. In contrast, 5 of 33 mice subjected to repeated inhalation of an aerosol of coal tar at 0.30 mg per liter of air developed squamous-cell tumors, one of which was a carcinoma. One mouse of a parallel group that inhaled the same concentration of coal tar, after a preliminary 35-week period of repeated inhalation of formaldehyde (0.1 mg per liter), developed a squamous-cell tumor. If one considers the small number of animals surviving into the period of development of tumors, the difference in incidence of neoplasms is not significant. In addition, the familiar peripheral adenoma was seen in 1 mouse of each group. Microscopic examination of sections of the lungs of a group of 30 unexposed C3H mice, 82 weeks old, disclosed no adenomas or squamous-cell tumors.