tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of terfenadine, a selective H1 histamine antagonist, on alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients
Authors: S Myou, M Fujimura, K Nishi, T Ohka, T Matsuda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

We wanted to evaluate the effect of terfenadine, a selective H1-receptor antagonist, on alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction. Eight patients with alcohol-induced asthma received terfenadine (60 mg, twice on the test day) or placebo, with the last dosing 2 h before the test in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over manner. On two separate study days, each subject drank the same brand and volume of alcoholic beverage (beer or Japanese saké), and bronchoconstriction was assessed as change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) over 120 min postchallenge. Inhalation challenges were performed with the same alcoholic beverage with which they had been orally challenged. The mean (SEM) percentage fall in PEF 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the oral alcohol challenge was significantly reduced from 12.0 (3.1), 17.0 (1.7), 15.8 (2.3), 15.2 (3.4), 16.6 (4.8) and 14.7 (5.2)%, to 2.6 (1.8), 2.1 (1.6), 3.9 (1.2), 5.7 (2.2), 6.5 (2.6), 5.1 (1.6)%, respectively, by terfenadine. No significant bronchoconstriction was observed after the inhalation challenge. We conclude that the release of histamine makes a major contribution to alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction in Japanese asthmatic patients, and that histamine H1 antagonists may be effective in preventing alcoholic beverage-induced bronchoconstriction.
Occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with excess lung function decline in a general population
Authors: Kim de Jong, Marike Boezen, Hans Kromhout, Roel Vermeulen, Dirkje Postma, Judith Vonk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background

Occupational exposures have been shown to be a risk factor for reduced level of lung function and airway obstruction in the general population. Whether occupational exposures affect decline of lung function is largely unknown.

Aim

To assess whether occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dusts and fumes (VGDF), and pesticides affect lung function decline in a general population.

Methods

We used 13,150 observations from 2,527 subjects participating in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort that was followed for 25 years. Job-specific exposure (no/low/high) at last survey was estimated with the ALOHA+ Job Exposure Matrix. Associations between the exposures and annual declines in FEV1 and FEV1/VC were assessed with LME models, including sex, lung function level and age at first measurement, packyears at last measurement and co-exposure to VGDF or pesticides.

Results

High exposure to pesticides was associated with excess decline of FEV1 and of FEV1/VC independent of VGDF exposure. After stratification by smoking status this remained significant in ever smokers only (figure 1). Exposure to VGDF was not associated with decline of FEV1 or FEV1/VC after adjustment for co-exposure to pesticides.

Conclusions

Occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with excess decline of lung function in ever smokers from the general population.

Figure 1. Exposure to pesticides and lung function decline in ever smokers.

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Possible Relationship Between Two Primate Papovaviruses, Human Wart and Simian SV40&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick, Fred Rapp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Vaccination of weanling hamsters with simian papovavirus SV40 conferred marked protection against challenge by cells transformed in vitro or in vivo by the homologous virus. A greater than 1,000-fold increase was observed in the number of cells required to produce subcutaneous or pouch tumors in 50 percent of the inoculated animals after 3 prior injections of SV40 virus. Prior inoculation with human wart papovavirus also protected hamsters against subsequent subcutaneous challenge with SV40-transformed cells. The protection resulted in a 100-fold increase in the number of cells necessary to induce tumors. Vaccinated animals challenged by inoculation into the cheek pouch, however, were not protected. When breakthrough occurred, the tumors developing in challenged animals previously vaccinated with either human wart virus or SV40 virus required a longer incubation period and developed more slowly than the tumors in the control animals.
Biology of Hepatocellular Neoplasia In the Mouse. II. Sequential Enzyme Histochemical Analysis of BALB/c Mouse Liver During Safrole-Induced Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael M. Lipsky, David E. Hinton, James E. Klaunig, Peter J. Goldblatt, Benjamin F. Trump
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Sequential alterations in enzyme histochemical profiles and reaction of hepatocytes to rapid iron overload were examined in male BALB/c mice during chronic, safrole exposure. At 24 weeks after initiation of safrole treatment, foci of enzyme-altered hepatocytes were noted. These foci were composed of cells showing a decrease in reactivity for glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6-Pase) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and an increase for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-Glu-T). In control, iron-loaded mice, the livers were intensely siderotic. In safrole-exposed, iron-loaded mice, foci of iron-negative hepatocytes, varying from a few cells to a lobule in diameter, were initially noted at 24 weeks. Both enzyme-altered and iron-negative foci occurred in the livers of exposed mice at all time periods after 24 weeks. After 36, 52, and 75 weeks of safrole treatment, hepatocellular adenomas were noted with altered enzyme histochemical profiles. Hepatocytes from adenomas were characterized by a decreased staining for Glc-6-pase and SDH and increased staining for gamma-Glu-T and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc-6-PD). In addition, a few nodules showed a decrease in staining for 5'nucleotidase. In iron-loaded mice, hepatocytes of adenomas showed a decreased to negative reaction for iron when the surrounding parenchyma was siderotic. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HPC) occurred in livers of mice exposed to safrole for 52-75 weeks. The cells of HPC displayed similar enzyme histochemical reactions as cells of adenomas. They were decreased for Glc-6-Pase and SDH activity and increased for gamma-Glu-T and Glc-6-PD. In iron-loaded mice, the HPC cells were negative for stainable iron. Foci, adenomas, and HPC displayed some variability in enzyme histochemical reactions. Variability existed between lesions as well as between cells of the same lesion.
Nasal carriers are more likely to acquire exogenous Staphylococcus aureus strains than non-carriers
Authors: H. Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam, V. Neela, W. van Wamel, R.A. Hamat, M. nor Shamsudin, N. Suhaila Che Hussin, M.N. Aziz, M.S. Mohammad Haspani, A. Johar, S. Thevarajah, M. Vos, A. van Belkum
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Abnormal regulation of fibronectin production by fibroblasts in psoriasis
Authors: B. Gubán, K. Vas, Z. Balog, M. Manczinger, A. Bebes, G. Groma, M. Széll, L. Kemény, Z. Bata-Csörgő
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Data indicate that in psoriasis, abnormalities are already present in nonlesional skin. Transforming growth factor-β and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), together with fibronectin and α5β1 integrin, were suggested to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by influencing inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.To investigate the expression of KGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2, fibronectin (FN) and extra domain A (EDA)-positive FN in healthy and nonlesional psoriatic skin, and to study the effect of KGF on the regulation of FN and EDA(+) FN production by fibroblasts.Healthy, nonlesional psoriatic skin and lesional psoriatic skin were immunostained for α5 integrin, KGF, FGFR2, EDA(+) FN and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1. KGF-treated cell cultures were analysed for FN and EDA(+) FN mRNA and protein by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively. The major downstream signalling of KGF was investigated by blocking experiments using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK1), AKT1/2, STAT1 and STAT3.The expression of α5 integrin, EDA(+) FN, KGF and its receptor FGFR2 is elevated in psoriatic nonlesional skin compared with healthy skin. KGF mildly induced EDA(+) FN, but not FN expression in healthy fibroblasts through MAPK signalling. Fibroblasts express the FGFR2-IIIc splice variant. STAT1 negatively regulates both FN and EDA(+) FN expression in healthy fibroblasts, and this regulation is compromised in fibroblasts derived from nonlesional psoriatic dermis. We detected active STAT1 in healthy and lesional skin, similarly to a previous report. However, in the nonlesional skin STAT1 activation was absent in tissues far away from lesions.The production of FN and EDA(+) FN by fibroblasts and the signalling of STAT1 are abnormally regulated in psoriatic nonlesional skin.
Culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis with a normal chest x-ray in the absence of HIV co-infection
Authors: James Brown, Graham Bothamley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aims:  Normal chest x-rays (CXRs) have been found in those with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, even without HIV co-infection. We wished to know how frequently this occurs, how frequently such patients are smear-positive and therefore infectious, whether contacts of these patients had evidence of tuberculosis and whether the site of disease can be identified by CT scan.   Methods:  Records from the tuberculosis clinic at the Homerton Hospital, London, were reviewed for the period 2003-January 2012. All cases of culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis were reviewed and for those with a reported normal CXR the case notes were reviewed.   Results:  13 of 364 cases of culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis had a normal CXR. This included 6 of 34 (18%) with HIV co-infection. The frequency of a normal CXR was 3 of 233 (1.3%) with a negative HIV test. Data from one case without an HIV test and another with ++ smear but no culture are included:   Conclusions:  Although 3 sputum samples were usually sent, often only one proved culture-positive. CT scans may not reveal active disease. Two with a positive smear had contacts who had forms of TB suggesting recent infection.
Evaluation of the efficacy of the VEEP regimen in adult Hodgkin's disease with assessment of gonadal and cardiac toxicity.
Authors: M Hill, S Milan, D Cunningham, J Mansi, I Smith, D Catovsky, M Gore, G Zulian, P Selby, A Horwich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The aim of this phase II study was to investigate the potential of the vincristine, epirubicin, etoposide, and prednisolone (VEEP) regimen to reduce the risks of long-term sequelae of chemotherapy such as sterility, cardiopulmonary damage, and second malignancies, while maintaining efficacy in terms of response and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-five adult patients with newly diagnosed and previously untreated stage II to IV Hodgkin's disease (HD) were entered and monitored for a minimum of 1 year. Patients were treated to maximum response plus two further courses, and if they had not attained a complete response (CR) or CR-unconfirmed/uncertain [CR(u)] were changed to second-line chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to patients with bulky disease and those with postchemotherapy residual masses. Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), gonadotropins in females, and sperm count in males were taken both before and after treatment with VEEP. RESULTS The maximum rates of response were as follows: CR, 32%; CR(u), 47%; and PR, 21% [CR + CR(u), 79%]. The median follow-up duration is 45 months, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 89% and failure-free survival (FFS) rate of 62%. Patients in CR at the end of chemotherapy had a higher FFS at 5 years compared with patients in CR(u) (88% v 56%). Acute toxicity was mild, with no pulmonary toxicity or treatment-related deaths. The median LVEF was 62% before VEEP and 57% after VEEP. Gonadal function tests following treatment were normal in 92% of males and 100% of females. No second malignancies have been observed. CONCLUSION VEEP is an active combination with tolerable acute toxicity that preserves fertility and cardiopulmonary function. The efficacy of VEEP is comparable to that of established regimens, but a definitive evaluation of its potential to reduce second malignancies will require a longer follow-up duration.
Phase I and II study of fludarabine phosphate in leukemia: therapeutic efficacy with delayed central nervous system toxicity.
Authors: R P Warrell, E Berman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Fludarabine phosphate (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine), a novel purine nucleoside, has demonstrated excellent preclinical antitumor activity and little toxicity in phase I clinical trials. We evaluated the clinical use of fludarabine given as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for remission induction in patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Thirty infusions were administered to 25 patients. At doses less than or equal to 125 mg/m2/d for five days, only three of 17 patients cleared their bone marrow of leukemic cells, and none achieved complete remission (CR). Nine patients received doses of 150 mg/m2/d for five days or 125 mg/m2/d for seven days. Four of these patients achieved CR (three patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL), one patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL]. However, severe CNS toxicity was encountered in five patients at the two highest dose levels. Initial symptoms of neurotoxicity were delayed from 21 to 43 days after starting treatment and consisted of optic neuritis, cortical blindness, altered mental status, and generalized seizure. Only one patient regained visual and neurologic function; four other patients experienced progressive neurologic deterioration and died. Clinicopathologic evaluation suggested widespread, severe demyelination as the etiology of these reactions. We conclude that fludarabine is an effective drug for remission induction in acute leukemia. However, doses required to achieve CR are associated with unacceptable CNS toxicity. In view of its potent antileukemic activity, further evaluation of fludarabine at lower doses (less than or equal to 75 mg/m2/d for five days) may be warranted in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with acute leukemia.
Interim Analysis of Prodige 9, a Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing No Treatment to Bevacizumab Maintenance During Chemotherapy-Free Intervals in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: T. Aparicio, J. Bennouna, K. Le Malicot, F. Ghiringhelli, V. Boige, J. Taieb, O. Bouché, E. Francois, J. Phelip, F. Borel, R. Faroux, J. Seitz, S. Jacquot, D. Genet, C. Lepage
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Exhaled nitric oxide decreases during exercise in non-asthmatic children
Authors: Bjørg Evjenth, Tonje E. Hansen, Jan Holt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurements are recommended to be performed before spirometry and exercise challenge tests because forced breathing might influence FENO values. Information on the effect of exercise on FENO is lacking in non-asthmatic children.  Aim: To investigate the effect on FENO of a standardized exercise challenge test on a treadmill in non-asthmatic children with and without allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) symptoms.  Methods: From the case-control study “Asthma and allergy among schoolchildren in Nordland”, 330 non-asthmatic pupils age 8-16 years were enrolled. FENO was measured at baseline and at 1 and 30 min after exercise challenge test by the single breath technique with EcoMedics Exhalazer®.  Results: Pair-wise comparison of FENO from baseline demonstrated a highly significant reduction in FENO post exercise for all children at 1 min (27.4%) and at 30 min (16.1%) (p   Conclusion: FENO is reduced by 27.4% immediately after a standardized treadmill exercise test in non-asthmatic children. Pupils reporting AR symptoms demonstrate a larger decline in FENO value at 1 min post exercise compared to pupils without AR symptoms. These findings confirm that children should refrain from physical activity before FENO measurement.
Abstract 12100: Marked Overestimation of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Probability by the Diamond-Forrester Classification in Sympomatic Patients Undergoing Coronary CT Angiography: Results from the Multinational CONFIRM Registry (Coroanry CT Angiograph Evaluation For Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry)
Authors: Victor Y Cheng, Daniel S Berman, Allison Dunning, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew J Budoff, Tracy Q Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Benjamin Chow, Augustin Delago, Martin Hadamitzky, Jorg Hausleiter, Ronald P Karlsberg, Philipp Kaufmann, Fay Y Lin, James K Min, Khurram Nasir, Leslee J Shaw
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Clinical, spirometric and radiological characteristics of Brazilian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Alexandre Melo Kawassaki, Suzana Pinheiro Pimenta, Fernando Kay, Marianne Karel Vercosa-Kawassaki, Ieda Maria Magalhaes Laurindo, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho, Ronaldo Adib Kairalla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory disease, and pulmonary involvement is usual. An algorithm has been proposed for evaluation and management of RA patients with suspected interstitial lung disease, based on chest radiograph, physical examination and symptoms (Kim, E.J.  et al.  Chest 2009;136:1397-1405).  Objective:  To describe clinical, spirometric and radiological characteristics of Brazilian RA patients using low-cost evaluation.  Methods:  Patients with RA, irrespective of having pulmonary involvement, were evaluated, and data regarding pulse oximetry, spirometric measures and digital chest radiograph were obtained.  Results:  248 RA patients were analyzed. 85% were female, mean age was 56±10 years, median disease onset time was 16 years (IQR 7,75-24). The most common exposition was mold (22%). 50% had no smoking history, 17% were current smokers and 33% were former smokers. Pulse oximetry was normal (above 94%) in 87%. MRC dyspnea index 1 or 2 were observed in 50% and 32%, respectively. Most commonly used drugs were Methotrexate (92%), Prednisone (80%) and Chloroquine (78%). Spirometry was classified as normal (70%), obstructive (11%), restrictive (11%), mixed (5%) and unspecified (3%) patterns. At the moment, data for chest radiograph is available for 71 patients (29%), parenchymal abnormalities were observed in 56%, mainly linear (38%) and reticular opacities (18%).  Conclusion:  This is the first study in Brazilian RA patients to analyze digital chest radiographs and to evaluate lung abnormalities. Spirometric alterations are common in RA patients. Abnormalities in digital chest radiographs were more frequent than previously described in convencional radiographs.
Abstract 2590: Oral combined therapy with probiotics and alloantigen induces B cell dependent long lasting specific tolerance
Authors: Ana Carolina T. Mercadante, Suelen Perobelli, Ana Paula G. Alves, Triciana Gonçalves-Silva, Wallace Mello, Ana C Gomes-Santos, Anderson Miyoshi, Ana Maria C. Faria, Adriana Bonomo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background. Allogeneic hematopietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Although aHSCT provides a good response against the malignant cells (GVL), it also leads to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Therapy for GVHD is commonly based on non-specific immunosupression of the transplanted recipient, resulting in the concomitant inhibition of the GVL effect. Material and Methods. Here we propose an alternative approach to specifically suppress GVHD, while sparing the GVL, based on oral treatment of transplant donors with recipient antigens, associated with the intake of probiotic Lactococcus lactis as tolerogenic adjuvant (combined therapy). Results. We show that treatment of C57Bl/6 donor mice with combined therapy before the transplant protects the recipients F1 (C57Bl/6XBAL/c) mice from clinical and pathological manifestations of disease, resulting in 100% survival rate. Importantly, the animals keep the immunological competence maintaining the GVL response as well as the response to third party antigens. The protection is specific, long lasting and dependent on donor IL-10 sufficient B cells activity which induces regulatory T cells in the host. Conclusion. These data suggest that combined therapy is a promising strategy for prevention of GVHD with preservation of GVL, opening new possibilities to treat human patients subjected transplantation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ana Carolina T. Mercadante, Suelen Perobelli, Ana Paula G. Alves, Triciana Gonçalves-Silva, Wallace Mello, Ana C Gomes-Santos, Anderson Miyoshi, Ana Maria C. Faria, Adriana Bonomo. Oral combined therapy with probiotics and alloantigen induces B cell dependent long lasting specific tolerance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2590. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2590
Morphology and Function of Ganglio-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-tetraosylceramide-Positive Lymphocyte Mediators of Natural Killer Activity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K Shimamura, S Habu, H Fukui, A Akatsuka, K Okumura, N Tamaoki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

More than 90% of nylon wool-passed spleen cells from nude mice reacted with ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide (asialo GM1) which eliminated mouse natural killer (NK) cell activity in the presence of complement. The successful enrichment of asialo GM1-positive (asialo GM1+) cells made possible the demonstration that the number of asialo GM1+ cells was correlated with NK cell activity as well as with binding frequency to YAC-1 target cells. Morphologically, by light and immunoelectron microscopic examinations, the enriched asialo GM1+ cells were composed of 90% lymphocytes and 10% large cells with the characteristics of monocytes. However, the asialo GM1+ lymphocytes (but not the monocytes) bound to the target cells and gave rise to the asialo GM1+ monocytes were sometimes observed to bind to target cells, cytolytic features of the target cells were not demonstrated. These results strongly suggest that asialo GM1+ lymphocytes are essential for NK cytolysis by directly binding to target cells.