tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P4-09-19: PCNA+ Tumor Associated Macrophages Are Associated with M1 and M2 Gene Expression, and Confer Poor Prognosis in the Absence of Anti-Tumor Immune Environment.
Authors: R Mukhtar, D Wolf, V Tandon, J Zhu, M Lenburg, Veer L van't, MJ Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote breast tumor progression through the production of angiogenic factors, stromal breakdown factors, and the suppression of adaptive immunity. TAMs are recruited from the circulation to the tumor site, and can undergo a spectrum of phenotypic changes, with two contrasting activation states described in the literature: the M1 anti-tumoral and M2 pro-tumoral phenotypes. We previously identified a population of PCNA+ TAMs associated with high grade, hormone receptor (HR) negative tumors with poor outcomes. We hypothesized that high PCNA+ TAMs would be associated with expression of M2 related genes. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to measure PCNA+ TAM levels (double positive for PCNA and CD68) in 135 invasive breast cancer cases from the I-SPY 1 Trial, a prospective neoadjuvant trial with serial core biopsies and gene array data. We developed gene-sets representing M1 related, M2 related, and anti-tumoral immune response (represented by cytotoxic T cells and MHC Class II) genes based on literature review. We compared PCNA+ TAM levels, expression of these gene-sets, and outcomes. Results Higher than mean PCNA+ TAM counts were associated with increasing grade (p &amp;lt; 0.001), HR negativity (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and decreased recurrence free survival (RFS, p = 0.05). Among subjects who had a pathologic complete response (pCR), there was no difference in RFS between those with high versus low PCNA+ TAMs. Among subjects without pCR, those with high PCNA+ TAMs had significantly worse RFS than those with low PCNA+ TAMs (p = 0.0028). In the 95 subjects with both PCNA+ TAM results and gene expression arrays available, high PCNA+ TAM levels were associated with more M1 than M2 related genes. The gene-set representing anti-tumoral immune environment was not by itself associated with RFS. However, those subjects with both high PCNA+ TAMs and the absence of anti-tumoral immune response gene expression had significantly worse RFS than those with high PCNA+ TAMs but the presence of anti-tumoral immune related genes (p = 0.01). Conclusions High PCNA+ TAMs had different effects on outcomes depending on tumoral immune environment. Instead of being purely M2 macrophages, PCNA+ TAMs likely represent a heterogeneous mixture of TAMs with different polarization states. Additional markers are needed to distinguish anti-tumoral from pro-tumoral PCNA+ TAMs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-19.
ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: Jonathan W. Uhr, Joyce B. Baumann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

The suppression of antibody formation by passively administered antibody is influenced by the dose and nature of the antigen, type of immunization procedure, ratio of antibody to antigen, species origin and characteristics of the antiserum used, as well as the species selected for immunization. In guinea pigs, diphtheria antitoxin formation can be effectively suppressed by an intravenous injection of excess homologous or heterologous antitoxin as long as 5 days after toxoid immunization and after delayed-type hypersensitivity to toxoid has developed. Following the period of antibody suppression which lasts 2 to 7 weeks, serum antibody can usually be demonstrated. It is proposed that this delayed immunization results from dissociation of antigen, since diphtheritic paralysis and death can be produced in guinea pigs and rabbits by the intravenous injection of toxin-antitoxin precipitates formed in antitoxin excess. This syndrome is prevented by injection of excess horse antitoxin 1 hour after injection of the toxin-antitoxin complexes.
JAPANESE MULTICENTER REGISTRY DATA OF REVASCULARIZATION FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURE OUTCOME ON THE BASIS OF EACH PROCEDURAL TECHNIQUE
Authors: Takeshi Serikawa, Atsunori Okamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Makoto Muto, Akitsugu Oida, Masahisa Yamane, Yuji Oikawa, Hisayuki Okada, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Measles pneumonia in an adult.
Authors: J J Fasler
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubellaRubella contracted in early pregnancy is associated with a high frequency of congenital anomalies in the infant.Viral transmission occurs in overt as well as occult maternal illness with or without a rise in maternal rubella antibody titres.It is thus both difficult and important to determine whether the fetus has become infected in utero.One approach is to isolate rubella virus from amniotic fluid, another immunoglobulin measurements.The development of sensitive haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests has enabled us to establish normal levels for IgA, IgA,, IgA2, IgM, IgG, and IgD in amniotic fluid throughout gestation and investigate immunoglobulin levels in amniotic fluid as a diagnostic tool in detecting intrauterine infections.' Case report, methods, and resultsAn 18-year-old woman contracted clinical rubella during her eighth week of gestation with rising anti-rubella HI-titres.She underwent therapeutic abortion at 16 weeks of gestation by intra-amniotic installation of prosta- glandin.Specimen of amniotic fluid, fetal blood, and placenta were inoculated on to African green monkey kidney cell lines and incubated at 36 C for 10 days.The cell cultures were then challenged by Echo virus type II.2At 72 hours, no cytopathic effect was noted in specimens from the abortus and amniotic fluid.The non-cytopathic agent interfering with the growth of Echo virus was identified as rubella virus using BHK-21 clone 13 cell cultures and antisera to rubella virus.IgA, its subgroups IgA, and IgA2, IgM and IgD were measured semi- quantitatively by HI tests, where sheep red cells were coated with IgA,, IgA2, IgM, and IgD myeloma protein and specific rabbit antisera were used.1The
SOME MENTAL MECHANISMS IN ALCOHOLISM
Authors: FRANK GARM NORBURY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Many approaches and many methods are and have been in use in the study of alcoholism—social, religious and economic as well as scientific. Special societies ranging from the Association for the Study of Alcoholism, with its objective approach, to Alcoholics Anonymous, with its emotional revivalistic urge, are engaged in this problem. Medical investigation likewise has used different technics. Biochemical, physiologic and experimental psychologic research are productive of information. Neuropsychiatry has used various methods from restraint and seclusion to psychoanalysis and attempts at personality education or reeducation in its efforts. This paper deals with a study of alcoholic but otherwise successful persons with whom such attempts were made and some of the mental mechanisms that were found during the course of these attempts.  The source material may be called selected in that it is composed of 105 patients representing 164 of the last 2,000 admissions to a private psychiatric sanatorium. This
The ‘handprint’ approximates to 1% of the total body surface area whereas the ‘palm minus the fingers’ does not
Authors: C.L. Thomas, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article The 'handprint' approximates to 1% of the total body surface area whereas the 'palm minus the fingers' does not Get access C.L. Thomas, C.L. Thomas Department of Dermatology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.Y. Finlay A.Y. Finlay Department of Dermatology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K. E‐mail: FinlayAY@cf.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1080–1081, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08183.x Published: 01 November 2007
Rubella Epidemic on St. Paul Island in the Pribilofs, 1963
Authors: Jacob A. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A rubella epidemic occurred on St. Paul Island, Alaska, in 1963, after an absence of 22 years. It spread rapidly through the community of 400 inhabitants and virtually disappeared in less than two months. Antibodies developed in 90% of those serologically susceptible. Rash appeared in 40% to 90% of susceptibles, with the highest rates among 15- to 19-year-olds. Rubella virus was recovered as much as 13 days before rash and six days after rash. Antibody was first detected the day after appearance of rash. Among susceptibles who did not develop rash, the majority had characteristic lymphadenopathy, and rubella virus could be recovered from the throat for up to four days. There were no patients with rash among those over 22 years of age, 90% of whom had preexisting antibody.
Phase one trials can exploit terminally ill patients
Authors: G McBride
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Fears are emerging in the US that terminally ill patients who take part in phase one trials of chemotherapy are being exploited. A recent pilot study carried out by the department of haematology and oncology at Chicago University's centre for clinical medical ethics suggests that patients gave their informed consent because they believed in the possibility of therapeutic benefit. The 27 patients in the study were also asked whether, as is required, other options besides participation in the trial were discussed during the informed consent process; two thirds said no.

The purpose of phase one trials of chemotherapy - performed in the US mostly with solid tumours - is to test the toxicity of increasing doses of an experimental agent. Clearly, if the drug is …
Outcomes of Vitrectomy with Inferior Retinectomy in Patients with Recurrent Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Polly A. Quiram, Christine R. Gonzales, Wanda Hu, Anurag Gupta, Marc O. Yoshizumi, Allan E. Kreiger, Steven D. Schwartz
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
QUALITY OF LIFE OF EXTREMELY LONG-TIME SURVIVORS WITH GERMINOMA MAINLY TREATED WITH RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: K. Sugiyama, K. Kurisu, F. Yamasaki, A. Tominaga
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to assess quality of life (QOL) of extremely long-time survivors with germinoma mainly treated with radiotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-two of sixty-eight patients receiving radiotherapy from 1968 to 1995 in our hospital were enrolled. They were 41 males/11 females, and their age at initial diagnosis ranged from 7 to 32 years (median 14.2 years). Tumor developed at the area involving neurohypophysis in 23, and non- neurohypophysis in 29. They underwent radiotherapy with the median doses of 48.2 Gy (range, 40.0 to 60.2 Gy). Median follow-up periods were 240 months (range, 0-468 months). Clinical outcome and QOL were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Six patients had recurrent tumors. Six had second tumors (glioma) within irradiated field. Main causes of 13 deaths were not tumor progression, but other complications, especially second tumor. Actuarial survival rates are 83.6% in 10 years, 77.5% in 20, and 33.3% in 30, respectively. Of forty-four patients, six married and three males with solitary pineal tumor had a child. Highest academic career in thirty-two patients was characterized by graduate of senior high school or less in 14, more in 18. Twenty-one have had no occupation, and seven of eleven had left their jobs after employment. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy from 1968 to 1995 provided the patients with germinoma with satisfactory outcome and unsatisfactory declined QOL. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Clinical Neuro-Oncology.
Effects of organometals on cellular signaling. II. Inhibition of reincorporation of free arachidonic acid and influence on paf-acether synthesis by triethyllead.
Authors: H F Krug, D Mattern, J Bidault, E Ninio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Organometal compounds affect many enzymes, especially those containing SH-groups as acyl- and acetyltransferases involved in lysophospholipid reacylation. In HL-60 cells, organotin and -lead compounds stimulate phospholipase A2 activity, contributing thus to increase the level of lysophospholipids. In the present study, we have tested whether paf-acether (paf) biosynthesis was affected by treatment with triethyllead (Et3PbCl) in HL-60 cells. Et3PbCl inhibits the incorporation of exogenous arachidonic acid in the presence of high (> or = 50 microM) but not low concentrations (< or = 1 microM). High concentrations of the lead compound are unable to induce paf formation by itself, however, lower concentrations (< or = 10 microM) acted synergistically with TPA or fMLP to stimulate paf formation. Whereas unstimulated cells produced 0.4 pmole paf/2 x 10(6) cells, the stimulation with low fMLP (0.1 microM) resulted in the synthesis of 1.7 pmole and with low TPA (2 ng/ml) in 0.5 pmole paf. Preincubation of the cells with 10 microM Et3PbCl for 20 to 30 min increased the amount of paf formed by these cells to 3.3 pmole after treatment with 0.1 microM fMLP and 1.5 pmole after TPA. Furthermore, the results showed an inhibition of acetyltransferase (the key enzyme of paf synthesis) by the high and not by low concentrations of the lead compound. We conclude that low concentrations of Et3PbCl (< or = 10 microM) may act as a synergistic inducer of paf synthesis initiated via a receptor-coupled stimulation.
TREATMENT OF SEASONAL HAYFEVER, AND SOME POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAILURE
Authors: HARRY S. BERNTON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Noon and Freeman, in 1911, published from Wright's laboratory in London the first reports of the successful treatment of hay-fever by active immunization. 1 In this country, Koessler, 2 in 1910, and Clowes 3 in 1913, first attempted the preventive treatment of the American or autumnal form of hay-fever. Thirteen years have scarcely elapsed since the first hope for relief has been given to the vast army of hay-fever patients. In fact, so recent is the innovation that not all the limitations or imperfections have been brought to light. Accordingly, some members of the profession have fallen victims to skepticism, whereas the sufferers from hay-fever have fallen prey to the numerous cures which are heralded in the lay press and journals.  It is my purpose to record the results of an inquiry into the present status of the preventive treatment of seasonal hay-fever, and to disclose the possible causes of
AMERICAN INEBRIATE ASYLUMS.Read before the Section of Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Institutional care and treatment of inebriates began first in this country, and up to this time has attained a degree of development and prominence greater than that of any other country of the world. There are in Great Britain over forty asylums where inebriates are received and treated; and at least ten or twelve more in Europe; three are in India, two in Australia and New Zealand, and two opium hospitals are in operation in China. With the asylums in this country, the number will reach to about one hundred and twenty in the world. It is difficult to ascertain the exact number for the reason that many of these asylums are irregular in their work, and are associated with reformatories, sanatariums and homes for mental diseases. In Europe they are often sectarian church homes, and in this country many are private enterprises, dependent on the caprice of the managers
Post-Remission Treatment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Bob Löwenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is characterized by both an increase in the number of white cells and arrest of their normal maturation and function, which causes anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The goal of treatment is to eliminate all neoplastic hematopoietic cells in the marrow, peripheral blood, and elsewhere. This goal can be accomplished in some but not all adult patients with AML through the use of two distinct, consecutive phases of treatment. The combination chemotherapy administered during the first phase in a patient with newly diagnosed AML is intended to induce a complete remission, a condition in which leukemic cells . . .
Abstract A47: Investigating Zbtb protein recognition of epigenetically modified DNA
Authors: Tommy W. Terooatea, Maya J. Pandya, Alan C. Chugg, Bethany A. Buck-Koehntop
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Methylation of CpG dinucleotides is essential for genomic stability, control of gene expression and the regulation of chromatin structure in normal eukaryotic cells. Aberrant alterations in these genomic methylation patterns have been linked with many diseases, including cancer. This correlation has prompted the need to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in gene transcription. The Zbtb family, consisting of Zbtb33, Zbtb4 and Zbtb38, is a set of methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs), which recognize both methylated as well as sequence-specific non-methylated DNA sites through conserved Cys2His2 zinc fingers. DNA recognition subsequently recruits chromatin remodeling machinery to the target site resulting in chromatin compaction and gene silencing. While sufficient evidence suggests that the Zbtb proteins play a role in cancer, an extensive analysis of the gene targets and signaling pathways regulated by each protein has yet to be investigated. Here we utilize an interdisciplinary approach combining cellular biology, molecular biology and structural biology to determine the epigenetic targets regulated by the Zbtb MBPs and to identify the protein region(s) necessary for high-affinity DNA recognition. Utilizing western blot analysis, we have determined that the three Zbtb proteins exhibit differential endogenous expression levels in a variety of cancer cell lines. Further, ChIP qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the occupancy of Zbtb33 at various methylated and sequence-specific genes was highly variable between the different cancer cell lines. Combined, these results suggest that the Zbtb proteins likely mediate differential signaling pathways in different cancers, possibly by targeting specific regulatory gene elements. Mapping of the global gene occupation for Zbtb33 in various cancer cell lines is in progress. Additionally, we have designed multiple protein constructs around the conserved Cys2His2 zinc finger DNA binding region as well as additional zinc fingers located in the C-terminal regions of Zbtb4 and Zbtb38, as the functions of the latter have not yet been identified. The constructs have been analyzed by solution NMR and EMSA to determine whether they are amenable for further structural analysis and to characterize their DNA binding interactions. This multidisciplinary approach provides the means for advancing our understanding of the molecular basis by which these proteins interpret and translate epigenetic signals in the cancerous state. Citation Format: Tommy W. Terooatea, Maya J. Pandya, Alan C. Chugg, Bethany A. Buck-Koehntop. Investigating Zbtb protein recognition of epigenetically modified DNA. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A47.
Single-catheter approach to radiofrequency current ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: K H Kuck, M Schlüter
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Catheter ablation with the use of radiofrequency current has been introduced as a therapeutic option for patients with tachyarrhythmias mediated by an accessory atrioventricular pathway. The technique conventionally implies the introduction of several catheters into the heart for assessment of electrophysiological parameters as well as for localization of the accessory pathway and may last for several hours.Thirty-four patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and a delta wave pattern indicative of an overt (i.e., capable of consistent antegrade conduction) left-sided free-wall accessory pathway underwent attempts at radiofrequency current ablation of the pathway with the use of just one catheter. No patient had a previous electrophysiological study. The catheter was introduced into the left ventricle close to the mitral annulus and was used for pathway localization as well as for ablation. The approach was completely successful in 30 patients (88%). In the remaining four patients, ablation of the pathway was achieved by using the multiple-catheter approach. Overall procedure duration was 2.0 +/- 1.1 hours; radiation exposure time was 22.8 +/- 20.4 minutes (median, 17.3 minutes). There were no acute complications.The single-catheter approach to radiofrequency current ablation of overt left-sided free-wall accessory pathways is feasible, safe, and effective in the majority of patients. The approach requires considerable investigator experience but significantly reduces procedure duration and radiation exposure time.
The Pemberton and Maroni Signs
Authors: Catherine Quiddam Norcross, William A. Norcross, Theodore G. Ganiats
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997The Pemberton and Maroni SignsCatherine Quiddam Norcross, RN, William A. Norcross, MD, and Theodore G. Ganiats, MDCatherine Quiddam Norcross, RNSpring Valley, CA 91977University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, William A. Norcross, MDSpring Valley, CA 91977University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, and Theodore G. Ganiats, MDSpring Valley, CA 91977University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article on the Pemberton sign, Wallace and Siminoski [1] provide two photographs to illustrate the phenomenon of facial suffusion after elevation of the arms in a patient with a large substernal goiter. In comparing the two photographs (showing the patient before and after the arms were elevated), we are puzzled. First, in the "before" photograph, the chest is tanned, but in the "after" photograph, it is almost white. Second, the background, indeed the entire image, is darker than in the "after" photograph. Third, and most vexing, is that in the "after" photograph, the line of ...REFERENCE1. Wallace C, Siminoski K. The Pemberton sign. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:568-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Spring Valley, CA 91977University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReferences 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 915-916KeywordsThorax ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...