tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 2 Is a Strong Independent Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael A. Gonzalez, Sarah E. Pinder, Grace Callagy, Sarah L. Vowler, Lesley S. Morris, Kate Bird, Jane A. Bell, Ronald A. Laskey, Nicholas Coleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that prognostic information in breast cancer may be derived from an accurate assessment of epithelial cell cycle entry, as indicated by expression of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins. Materials and Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution of Mcm-2 in breast tissue. Power calculations based on a pilot study of 67 whole tissue sections led to selection of an independent 347-core breast carcinoma tissue microarray validation set. We tested for associations between Mcm-2 (and Ki-67) labeling index (LI) and various clinicopathologic parameters. Results: Mcm-2 was expressed more frequently than the standard proliferation marker Ki-67 in whole tissue sections of normal breast (P = .0003) and breast carcinoma (P &lt; .0001). In 221 assessable cores of invasive carcinoma, the Mcm-2 LI showed a positive association with tumor size (P = .002), mitotic index (P &lt; .0001), histologic grade (P &lt; .0001), and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) score (P &lt; .0001). Using a cutoff value of 50%, Mcm-2 LI was associated with overall survival (P = .0007), disease-free interval (P = .0002), and with the development of regional recurrence (P = .011) and distant metastases (P = .0016). Cox regression analysis suggested that the Mcm-2 LI is a strong prognostic factor in breast cancer that is independent and superior to histologic grade, lymph node stage, and Ki-67 LI, but not the NPI score. Conclusion: Mcm-2 may be of utility as a prognostic marker to refine the prediction of outcome in breast cancer, for example when combined with parameters currently used in the NPI.
Oral Fluoroquinolones and the Risk of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Mahyar Etminan, Farzin Forooghian, James M Brophy, Steven T Bird, David Maberley
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Fluoroquinolones are commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics. Despite numerous case reports of ocular toxicity, a pharmacoepidemiological study of their ocular safety, particularly retinal detachment, has not been performed.To examine the association between use of oral fluoroquinolones and the risk of developing a retinal detachment.Nested case-control study of a cohort of patients in British Columbia, Canada, who had visited an ophthalmologist between January 2000 and December 2007. Retinal detachment cases were defined as a procedure code for retinal repair surgery within 14 days of a physician service code. Ten controls were selected for each case using risk-set sampling, matching on age and the month and year of cohort entry.The association between retinal detachment and current, recent, or past use of an oral fluoroquinolone.From a cohort of 989,591 patients, 4384 cases of retinal detachment and 43,840 controls were identified. Current use of fluoroquinolones was associated with a higher risk of developing a retinal detachment (3.3% of cases vs 0.6% of controls; adjusted rate ratio [ARR], 4.50 [95% CI, 3.56-5.70]). Neither recent use (0.3% of cases vs 0.2% of controls; ARR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.45-1.87]) nor past use (6.6% of cases vs 6.1% of controls; ARR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.89-1.19]) was associated with a retinal detachment. The absolute increase in the risk of a retinal detachment was 4 per 10,000 person-years (number needed to harm = 2500 computed for any use of fluoroquinolones). There was no evidence of an association between development of a retinal detachment and β-lactam antibiotics (ARR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.35-1.57]) or short-acting β-agonists (ARR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.68-1.33]).Patients taking oral fluoroquinolones were at a higher risk of developing a retinal detachment compared with nonusers, although the absolute risk for this condition was small.
Apparent duplication of inv(3)(q21q26) in one of five cases with inv (3) in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia
Authors: Thomas A. Walter, Rodman Morgan, Sharon Ondreyco, Avery A. Sandberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Rearrangements affecting the long arm of chromosome 3 have been linked to abnormalities of platelet production and morphology in hematologic disorders. We present five patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute leukemia in whom inv(3)(q21q26) was seen. One of the patients showed an inversion of both homologs involving precisely the same breakpoints, suggesting apparent duplication of the abnormal chromosome 3 and loss of the normal homolog. To our knowledge this is the first report detailing such a condition.
Widening the net of assisted suicide to vulnerable people
Authors: S. Mallick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Summary</h3> A new method of passive immune lysis is presented. This method involves the coupling of protein antigen to chromic chloride-treated human erythrocytes. The kinetics of CrCl<sub>3</sub> requirements, antigen dosage, and incubation are presented. The antigen-coated erythrocytes are lysed by an excess of rabbit complement. Experiments documenting the sensitivity and reproducibility of the test as well as the stability and fragility of CrCl<sub>3</sub>-treated erythrocytes are presented, and various advantages of the test are discussed.
It's Almost Over— More Letters on Debbie-Reply
Authors: Peter A. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Brody has raised an interesting and important question: Should medical ethics consist merely of the intellectual analysis of alternative value positions or should it also embody the professional virtues and norms of medicine? Dr Brody clearly subscribes to the former view. In his book he writes, "Ethics is the study of rational processes for determining the best course of action in the face of conflicting choices."<sup>1</sup>On this view of ethics, any moral claim that asserts a boundary or proscription will, by definition, seem rhetorical. This rationalistic view of ethics, however, has come under scrutiny by moral philosophers.<sup>2</sup>It also stands in opposition to well-respected articulations of the patient-physician relationship.<sup>3,4</sup>We agree that the vast majority of medicalethical decisions exist in a discretionary zone, where multiple positions can be argued with cogency. Our point is that there are a limited number of medical actions,
Clinician Versus Computer: A Study of the Application of Bayes' Theorem to Clinical Diagnosis.
Authors: Robert M. Hirschfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Clinician Versus Computer: A Study of the Application of Bayes' Theorem to Clinical Diagnosis.Robert M. Hirschfeld, M.D., Richard D. Judge, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert M. Hirschfeld, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard D. Judge, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-777_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study investigates the premise that medical diagnosis is a reasoning process which could be closely simulated by Bayes' theorem. To do this, the diagnosis of three university specialists was compared with that of a computer program in actual cases of congenital and rheumatic heart disease. A significant correlation was demonstrable in 45 cases studied.The performance of the clinicians correlated closely with that of their corresponding computer model. (The physician generally outperformed the computer.) A test evaluation between computer and clinician showed individual values of 4.8 for Drs. A and B and 3.84 for Dr. C, which is a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Hirschfeld, M.D.; Richard D. Judge, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Ann Arbor, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 777-777KeywordsBayesian methodCardiovascular therapyComputer applicationsComputersReasoningSimulation and modelingSoftware tools ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Reported Practices of Medical Students and House Staff Regarding the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Gail Geller, David M. Levine, Joyce A. Mamon, Richard D. Moore, Lee R. Bone, Emma J. Stokes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Although alcoholism is prevalent in both general and inpatient populations, barriers to its timely diagnosis and effective treatment exist. These are often attributed to physicians' inadequate understanding and skill development and negative attitudes toward the disease. All Johns Hopkins' medical students and house staff, during 1986 through 1987, received a self-administered survey of their attitudes, skills, perceived role responsibility, knowledge, and reported practices with regard to alcoholism. Results indicate a strong relationship between perceived role responsibility, confidence in skills, and reported screening and referral practices among students and house staff. Knowledge levels strengthened the association between skills and practices for medical students. House staff perceived less of a responsibility for screening than medical students. There was a trend toward lower confidence and more negative attitudes among house staff than medical students. The results point to areas where educational interventions can be improved to enhance quality of care and outcomes for this major chronic disease.
Evidence-Based Global Health
Authors: Pierre Buekens
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
General Practitioner's View of the Home Nursing Service
Authors: F. A. Boddy
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A postal questionary concerned with possible developments in the home nursing service was sent to a random sample of 500 principals in general practice in Scotland in late February 1967 and was completed by 444 (89%). Only 13% of the respondents had a district nursing sister attached to their practice organization, but 70% of the remainder wanted this. The most frequently expected benefit was that she could undertake procedures at present performed by the doctor. Half the respondents thought that at present the district nursing sister did not use her professional training and skills fully. Most general practitioners agreed that a State-enrolled nurse, working under supervision, could do some of the jobs now performed by the district nursing sister.
Detection of IgA and IgM antibodies to HIV-1 in neonates by radioimmune western blotting.
Authors: P. Portincasa, G. Conti, M. C. Re, C. Chezzi
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To detect infection with HIV-1 by IgA and IgM response at birth in children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers.Western blotting and radioimmune western blotting on stored sera from infected and uninfected babies born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers. Sera were pretreated to remove IgG.Parma and Bologna, Italy.12 infected and five uninfected babies born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers and three babies born to seronegative mothers.Effectiveness of western blotting and radioimmune western blotting in detecting antibodies to HIV-1 gene products.With conventional western blotting we found IgA class antibodies to HIV-1 proteins in serum from three out of 12 infected children; in two of these three the serum was collected at age 3 months (positive controls). Radioimmune western blotting detected both IgA and IgM antibodies in serum from all infected children tested, whereas all serum from uninfected children born to seropositive and seronegative mothers showed no such antibodies.Although the technique should be tested on more patients, radioimmune western blotting seems to be a valuable tool for serological diagnosis of congenital HIV-1 infection at birth in neonates born to seropositive mothers.
Primary Pulmonary Blastomycosis: A Laboratory-Acquired Infection
Authors: GERALD L. BAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A 36-year-old laboratory worker exposed to a culture of Blastomyces dermatitidis developed primary pulmonary blastomycosis. The X-ray progression of the lesion is classic for primary pulmonary infections in general, with enlargement of a right hilar node and its subsequent return to normal size. The organism was cultured from the patient's sputum when the lymph node was enlarged. Serologic studies for blastomycosis were negative both in the patient and in his co-workers who were similarly exposed to this culture. This case represents the first clinically documented observation of primary pulmonary infection with B. dermatitidis and supports the theory that the pathogenesis of almost all cases of this disease, regardless of their manifestations, is by way of primary pulmonary infection.
Impact of Kidney Disease and Blood Pressure on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Toshiharu Ninomiya, Yutaka Kiyohara, Yosuke Tokuda, Yasufumi Doi, Hisatomi Arima, Akiko Harada, Yasuo Ohashi, Hirotsugu Ueshima
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there have been few well-designed prospective studies of this issue in Asian populations. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that a lower blood pressure level may be associated with an increased risk of CVD in individuals with kidney dysfunction. Methods and Results— Using data from 10 community-based cohort studies in Japan, we conducted follow-up on a total of 30 657 individuals 40 to 89 years of age without preexisting CVD or kidney failure and examined the relationship between reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the risk of CVD. During an average 7.4-year follow-up, 727 individuals experienced CVD. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of CVD increased significantly in subjects with GFR of 60 to 89 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 (4.3 per 1000 person-years, P =0.002) and in those with a GFR &lt;60 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 (6.5, P &lt;0.001) compared with those with a GFR ≥90 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 (2.9). Even after adjustment for potential confounding factors, subjects with a GFR &lt;60 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 had a 57% (95% CI 14% to 115%) greater risk of CVD than those with a GFR ≥90 mL · min −1 · 1.73 m −2 . The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of CVD increased in a log-linear manner with elevations in blood pressure levels, regardless of GFR levels (all P for trend &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Our findings suggest that a reduced GFR is a significant risk factor for CVD in the general Japanese population. Additionally, a log-linear association of blood pressure level with CVD risk was observed, without evidence of a J-curve association, regardless of GFR levels.
FDA Moves to Further Reduce Trans Fat in Food
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4103: Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pAkt and enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Yung Hyun Choi, Cheng-Yun Kim, Cheol Park, Su Hyun Hong, Gi-Young Kim, Wun-Jae Kim, Dong Hwan Kim, Young Hyun Yoo, Nam Deuk Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF gene superfamily that induces apoptosis upon engagement of cognate death receptors. While TRAIL is relatively non-toxic to normal cells, it can selectively induce apoptosis in many types of transformed cells. Nevertheless, some bladder cancer cells are particularly resistant to the effects of TRAIL. Here, we report that in combination with the sulforaphane, exposure to TRAIL induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant bladder cancer cells. The increased apoptosis by combined treatment with sulforaphane and TRAIL was associated with the marked increased activation of caspases and cleavage of Bid proteins. However, siRNA-mediated silencing of Bid reduced the sensitizing effect of sulforaphane in TRAIL-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as did caspase inhibitors, but increased cell survival. The data also indicated that following exposure to sulforaphane, DR5 proteins were up-regulated and knockdown of DR5 expression by siRNA attenuated sulforaphane plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, following exposure to sulforaphane, the levels of pAkt proteins were significantly down-regulated without the alteration of whole Bid expression, and inhibition of pAkt by LY294002 increased sulforaphane plus TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In summary, our results indicate that treatment with a combination of TRAIL and sulforaphane may be a safe strategy for treatment of TRAIL-resistant bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4103
Emergency Department Orthopaedics
Authors: John H. van de Leuv
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ABSTRACT Orthopedics in Emergency Medicine: The Extremities, by Robert R. Simon and Steven J. Koenigsknecht, 449 pp, with illus by Susan Gilbert and William G. Jacobson, $36.50, New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1982.Topics in Emergency Medicine, January 1981 (vol 2, No. 4), dealt with orthopedic emergencies. Emergency Department Orthopaedics is that volume plus four chapters on basic principles, cervical spine injuries, low-back pain, and lower extremity injuries. This is not a new book.The editor, in his foreword, states that each author was asked to address mainly three areas of emphasis (diagnosis, treatment decisions, and means of literature review to broaden the knowledge of the reader). By and large, the authors have complied.Some of the authors are nationally known to those who have been involved in emergency care; none are primary orthopedic consultants, except Everett Campbell (if he continued his postgraduate education choice, lower extremity injuries).The degree to which the
Awareness of Sources of Peer-Reviewed Research Evidence on the Internet
Authors: Christopher Sigouin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextPeer-reviewed research evidence that was once available only to clinicians is now posted on the Internet and accessible to everyone, but levels of awareness of this evidence among patients and clinicians is not known.MethodsCross-sectional survey, conducted from July 1998 through January 2000, of cancer patients (n = 1998), their family physicians (n = 871), and all oncologists (n = 30) and oncology nurses (n = 44) at the Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario. Comparisons made between and within groups to examine use of the Internet by patients and clinicians to find health information, and their awareness of organizations using Internet-based resources to promote evidence-based decision making.ResultsResponse rates were 72%, 44%, 97%, and 84% for patients, family physicians, oncologists, and nurses, respectively; 47% of patients, 64% of family physicians, 100% of oncologists, and 72% of nurses reported that they used the Internet. Few patients were aware of the existence of the Cochrane Collaboration (1%), MEDLINE (13%), or the Program in Evidence-Based Care of Cancer Care Ontario (3%). Oncologists had the highest reported levels of awareness of the sources of evidence on the Internet. Most family physicians had not heard of any of the sources.ConclusionsThe awareness of evidence sources on the Internet varies between patients and clinicians and across groups of clinicians, and some of the most rigorously developed sources of information are still unknown.
Protection of rabbit lungs from endotoxin injury by in vivo hyperexpression of the prostaglandin G/H synthase gene.
Authors: J T Conary, R E Parker, B W Christman, R D Faulks, G A King, B O Meyrick, K L Brigham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

A recombinant prostaglandin G/H (PGH) synthase gene has been expressed in vitro in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells and in vivo in rabbits by transfection with a plasmid using cationic liposomes. Transfection of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells with the PGH synthase cDNA resulted in increased intracellular PGH synthase protein (determined by Western blot analysis) and increased release of prostacyclin. Rabbits intravenously transfected with the PGH synthase gene had increased plasma levels of prostacyclin and PGE2, and their lungs produced increased amounts of the same eicosanoids. In an in situ, perfused preparation of PGH synthase transfected rabbit lungs, the pressor response to endotoxin was markedly attenuated. In addition, pulmonary edema and release of thromboxane B2 into the perfusate after endotoxin infusion were markedly decreased in transfected lungs compared to controls (animals transfected with a pCMV4 construct that did not contain a cDNA insert). The data suggest that augmented endogenous production of prostacyclin and PGE2, achieved by liposome-mediated gene transfer, protects the lungs from endotoxin. This may be caused in part by suppression of endotoxin-stimulated thromboxane B2 production. Modification of lipid mediator responses by in vivo transfection is a potential approach to the therapy of acute lung injury.