tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Roentgenograms in Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Patrick M. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We appreciate the methods used by Heinsimer et al<sup>1</sup>in their article entitled "Supine Cross-Table Lateral Chest Roentgenogram for the Detection of Pericardial Effusion" in the June 19, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, but disagree with their conclusions. Based on improved sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values compared with a standard chest roentgenogram, they recommend that a supine cross-table lateral (SCTL) film be included in the evaluation of patients with suspected pericardial effusion or in patients in whom a large cardiac silhouette is detected on a standard chest roentgenogram. However, the test characteristics may not accurately reflect the true clinical utility of the additional roentgenogram view. Given the preroentgenogram probability of pericardial effusion of 60% in their study population, the positive and negative predictive values for a two-view chest roentgenogram are 73% and 44%, and 78% and 51% for the SCTL view. The incremental gain in information by
43Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion shifts macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype in aged left ventricles post-myocardial infarction
Authors: A Yabluchanskiy, Y Ma, K Deleon-Pennell, Y-F Jin, M Lindsey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 increases in the aging left ventricle (LV) post-myocardial infarction (MI). Post-MI, macrophages produce MMP-9 and regulate the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix deposition. We hypothesized that increasing age would prime macrophage polarization towards the M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype post-MI, which may be attenuated by MMP-9 deletion. We enrolled WT and MMP-9 Null (Null) young (4-5 month old) and old (15-24 month old) mice (n=6/age/genotype). We performed permanent occlusion of the left coronary descending artery to induce MI. Mice were sacrificed at day 7 post-MI, and macrophages were isolated from the infarcted area. RT2-PCR was used to quantify pro-inflammatory M1 (Ccl3 and IL1-β) and anti-inflammatory M2 (CD163) markers. Old MI mice of both genotypes showed higher Ccl3 levels than young mice (both p<0.05). Post-MI, old WT mice showed a significant increase in IL1-β levels, which was attenuated by MMP-9 deletion (all p<0.05; Figure 1, A). This suggests that aging induced M1 macrophage polarization in the post-MI LV, and this effect was modulated by MMP-9. Additionally, MMP-9 deletion resulted in the increase of CD163 in old mice post-MI compared to young null and age-matched WT control groups (all p<0.05; Figure 1, B), suggesting enhanced M2 polarization in the old Nulls. In conclusion, our findings indicate that aging promotes inflammation post-MI, and this effect is attenuated by MMP-9 deletion. Identifying how MMP-9 regulates LV remodeling post-MI may provide new potential therapeutic options for the aging MI patient. Open in new tabDownload slide
Protein Nitration in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: I. V. Turko
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2002)

There is growing evidence that cardiovascular disease is associated with progressive changes in the production of free radicals and radical-derived reactive species. These intermediates react with all major cellular constituents and may serve several physiological and pathophysiological functions. The nitration of protein tyrosine residues has been used as a footprint for in vivo production of radical and nonradical reactive species. Tyrosine nitration may alter protein function and metabolism and therefore, provides for further dysfunctional changes. This review focuses on an appearance of tyrosine nitrated proteins in cardiovascular tissues under different settings of cardiovascular disease. Sources of reactive species, putative mechanisms of protein nitration in vivo, as well as protein nitration under normal physiological conditions, are also described. The goal of this review is to attract more attention to identification of specific proteins, which undergo tyrosine nitration and to study a correlation between their altered function and pathology. Understanding how protein nitration affects disease progression may offer a unique option for design of antioxidant therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular complications. At the same time, protein nitration can be a biological marker of efficiency of antioxidant therapy.
Whose Skin Is Harmed by Sunlight?
Authors: Frederick A. J. Kingery
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This 50-year-old lady has noticed blisters on her nose, forehead, and dorsa of her hands associated with hirsutism of the eyebrows and temples. Her normally gray hair has commenced to turn black again. She takes barbiturates routinely for insomnia. A red fluorescence of the urine when examined under a Wood's light demonstrates the presence of porphyrins and confirms the suspicion of porphyria cutanea tarda, in which photosensitizing circulating porphyrins result in a phototoxic (exaggerated sunburn) effect. The eyelids, submental area, and upper lip are relatively unexposed to direct sunlight and are correspondingly uninvolved. A 30-year-old woman in good health suddenly developed swelling and vesiculation of the eyelids and cheeks associated with considerable pruritus after clearing brush in direct sunlight. The linear arrangement of the vesicles plus the erythema and edema of the loose periorbital tissue (which is under the frontal shelf and thus relatively unexposed to light) points to a
THE EFFECT OF PULMONARY CONGESTION ON THE ON THE VENTILATION OF THE LUNGS
Authors: Cecil K. Drinker, Francis W. Peabody, Herrmann L. Blumgart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. A method is described for producing pulmonary congestion, together with what may be termed a differential spirometer method for studying lung ventilation. 2. The method utilized permits an approximately accurate prediction of degrees of pulmonary edema in the living animal, and suggests avenues of approach for the very difficult problems of pulmonary capillary pressure. 3. It is shown that intravascular blood can encroach markedly upon the pulmonary air space. Although the methods used in these animal experiments do not resemble vital capacity measurements in man, their result is so definite that their applicability to clinical conditions may be considered. 4. The similarity between the experiments described and certain conditions of cardiac decompensation, of which mitral stenosis is the best example, is pointed out.
Glomerulosclerosis is transmitted by bone marrow–derived mesangial cell progenitors
Authors: Flavia Cornacchia, Alessia Fornoni, Anna Rita Plati, Alton Thomas, Yingcai Wang, Luca Inverardi, Liliane J. Striker, Gary E. Striker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

We found that ROP Os/+ (Os/+) mice had diffuse glomerulosclerosis and glomerular hypertrophy and that their mesangial cells (the vascular smooth muscle cells of the glomerulus) displayed an apparent sclerosing phenotype. Since mesangial cells are the major source of scar tissue in glomerulosclerosis, we postulated that the sclerosis phenotype was carried by mesangial cell progenitors and that this phenotype could be derived from the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, we transplanted BM from Os/+ mice into congenic ROP +/+ mice (+/+ mice), which have normal glomeruli. We found that glomeruli of +/+ recipients of Os/+ marrow contained the Os/+ genotype, were hypertrophied, and contained increased extracellular matrix. Clones of recipient glomerular mesangial cells with the donor genotype were found in all +/+ recipients that developed mesangial sclerosis and glomerular hypertrophy, whereas +/+ recipients of +/+ BM had normal glomeruli. Thus, the sclerotic (Os/+) or normal (+/+) genotype and phenotype were present in, and transmitted by, BM-derived progenitors. These data show that glomerular mesangial cell progenitors are derived from the BM and can deliver a disease phenotype to normal glomeruli. Glomerular lesions may therefore be perpetuated or aggravated, rather than resolved, by newly arriving progenitor cells exhibiting a disease phenotype.
XDR Tuberculosis — Implications for Global Public Health
Authors: Mario C. Raviglione, Ian M. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The global threat of XDR tuberculosis has great significance for the public health field. Drs. Mario Raviglione and Ian Smith write that its very existence is a reflection of weaknesses in tuberculosis management. Ian Smith discusses XDR tuberculosis, its relationship with HIV infection, and the global threat it poses.
Clinical Implications for Affected Parents and Siblings of Probands With Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: John Kimbrough, Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba, Jennifer L. Robinson, W. Jackson Hall, Jesaia Benhorin, Emanuela H. Locati, Aharon Medina, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia Priori, Peter J. Schwartz, Katherine Timothy, Jeffrey A. Towbin, G. Michael Vincent, Li Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Whenever a proband is identified with long-QT syndrome (LQTS), his or her parents and siblings should be evaluated regarding the possibility of carrying the disorder. In the majority of cases, one of the proband’s parents and one or more siblings are affected. The aim of this study was (1) to determine whether the clinical severity of LQTS in the proband is useful in identifying first-degree family members at high risk for cardiac events, and (2) to evaluate the clinical course of affected parents and siblings of LQTS probands. Methods and Results The clinical and ECG characteristics of 211 LQTS probands and 791 first-degree relatives (422 parents and 369 siblings) were studied to determine if the clinical profile of the proband is useful in determining the clinical severity of LQTS in affected parents and siblings. Affected female parents of an LQTS proband had a greater cumulative risk for a first cardiac event than affected male parents. The probability of a parent or sibling having a first cardiac event was not significantly influenced by the severity of the proband’s clinical symptoms. Female sex and QT c duration were risk factors for cardiac events among affected parents, and QT c was the only risk factor for cardiac events in affected siblings. Conclusions The severity profile of LQTS in a proband was not found to be useful in identifying the clinical severity of LQTS in affected first-degree relatives of the proband.
Mark H. Lepper, MD
Authors: Gail Hulbert
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DOES ALCOHOL EVER ACT AS FOOD, OR AS A GENERATOR OF ANY NATURAL FORCE IN THE LIVING BODY?
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Ever since Baron Liebig, of Germany, laid the foundations of organic chemistry by his two essays read before the British Medical Association—one on "Chemistry in its Application to Agriculture and Physiology" in 1840, and the other on "Animal Chemistry as Applied to Physiology and Pathology"in 1842, the assumption that the nitrogenous elements of food were appropriated to the growth and repair of the organized structures of the body and non-nitrogenous elements underwent oxidation or combustion, generating heat, has been accepted and incorporated into all our literature, both professional and nonprofessional. Consequently, the non-nitrogenous proximate elements of our food have been and still are almost universally regarded as fuel for supposed combustion or<i>respiratory food</i>, and not as furnishing material for the growth and repair of organized tissues. This arrangement of food elements into two classes by Liebig and his followers was founded on no experimental proof, but rested solely on
Post-halothane Jaundice in Relation to Previous Administration of Halothane
Authors: W. W. Mushin, M. Rosen, E. V. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The time interval since previous anaesthesia was compared in a surgical population in South Wales and in patients who developed jaundice after halothane. There was a significant difference in the pattern of time interval since previous general anaesthetics in the surgical population and in those patients who developed jaundice after halothane. In the group who developed jaundice there was an "excess" of patients who had had a previous halothane anaesthetic within four weeks. Halothane should if possible be avoided in patients who have had it before, particularly if this was within the previous four weeks. In the case of repeat halothane anaesthetics within four weeks, the risk seems to lie between 1 in 6,000 and 1 in 22,000.
Adolescents With Negative Pregnancy Test Results
Authors: Laurie Schwab Zabin, Mark R. Emerson, Patricia A. Ringers, Valerie Sedivy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To estimate nationally what percentage of young women receive negative pregnancy test results before becoming pregnant, to explore their fertility and test histories, and to estimate the potential for intervention at the time of a negative test result.A cross-sectional study in which young women presenting to clinics for pregnancy tests were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire before test results were known that explored prior pregnancy tests, pregnancies, sexual and contraceptive histories, and childbearing attitudes.Fifty-two clinics including hospital, health department, Planned Parenthood, and independent facilities.A total of 2926 patients aged 17 years or younger requesting pregnancy tests at presentation.Among young women who had ever conceived, 34.2% had a prior negative pregnancy test result and 24.4% had a prior negative test result at a clinic. Almost three of five of the adolescent girls, including both those who had and those who had not conceived, received a negative test result at a clinic before they ever became pregnant. By the age of 14 years, the probability of a negative test result was substantially greater than the chance of a positive test. Many presented for tests even though they were quite certain that they were not pregnant.Adolescent girls with a negative pregnancy test result may be an appropriate target group for intervention. One fourth of adolescent girls who have a negative pregnancy test may be identified by the health care system on that occasion in time to prevent early childbearing.
Abstract 1330: Divergent Control of the Mitochondrial Death Gene BNIP3 by Opposing Actions of the Cellular Factors Nuclear Factor kappaB and E2F-1 in Ventricular Myocytes.
Authors: James Shaw, Natalia Yurkova, Kelly Regula, Tong Zhang, Floribeth Aguilar, Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The hypoxia-inducible death factor Bnip3 is known to provoke mitochondrial perturbations and cell death of ventricular myocytes. The transcriptional control processes that govern Bnip3 gene expression under basal and inducible conditions remain cryptic. Sequence analysis of the Bnip3 promoter revealed the presence of distinct but overlapping DNA binding elements for the cell cycle factor E2F-1 and cellular factor NF-κB. Previously, we reported a survival role for NF-κB in ventricular myocytes. As a step toward elucidating the regulation of Bnip3 gene expression in ventricular myocytes, we tested the impact of E2F-1 and NF-κB on basal and inducible expression of Bnip3. A 2.0 fold increase in Bnip3 gene transcription was observed in cells expression wild type E2F-1 but not in cells expressing an E2F-1 mutant defective for DNA binding. Interestingly, basal Bnip3 gene transcription was increased by 2.5 fold in myocytes rendered defective for NF-κB activation with a non-phosphorylatable form of IκBα. Importantly, genetic ablation of E2F-1 inhibited basal and inducible Bnip3 transcription in NF-κB defective cells. Expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB in NF-κB defective cells inhibited E2F-1 mediated Bnip3 transcription. Western blot analysis of cardiac cell lysate revealed that p65 NF-κB immunoprecipitated with E2F-1. ChIP analysis of the Bnip3 promoter indicated that the p65 NF-κB bound DNA under normoxic conditions. During hypoxia E2F-1 activity increased where as p65 NF-κB protein levels were decreased. ChIP analysis revealed increased binding of E2F-1 to the Bnip3 promoter during hypoxia which coincided with a 3.5 fold increase in Bnip3 gene transcription. IKKβ mediated activation of NF-κB activation abrogated hypoxia-induced E2F-1 binding to the Bnip3 promoter and Bnip3 gene transcription. To our knowledge our data provide the first direct evidence that a novel relationship exists between p65 NF-κB and E2F-1 for basal and hypoxia-inducible regulation of the Bnip3 promoter. Furthermore, our data highlight a novel survival pathway by which NF-κB averts hypoxia - induced cell death by antagonizing the E2F-1 dependent transcription of Bnip3 in ventricular myocytes.
Insulin, Intact and Split Proinsulin, and Coronary Artery Disease in Young Men
Authors: Peter Båvenholm, Anthony Proudler, Per Tornvall, Ian Godsland, Christian Landou, Ulf de Faire, Anders Hamsten
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia are common disturbances in nondiabetic men with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). To investigate the relation between insulin-like molecules and severity of coronary atherosclerosis, 62 consecutive nondiabetic men presenting with a first myocardial infarction before the age of 45 were studied along with 41 healthy, age-matched, male, population-based control subjects. Methods and Results Specific two-site immunoradiometric assays were used to distinguish intact proinsulin, (des 31,32)proinsulin, and “true” insulin in fasting plasma and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Global coronary atherosclerosis and number and severity of distinct stenoses were determined in the patients in 15 proximal coronary arterial segments by use of separate semiquantitative classification systems. The patients had a two- to threefold increase in insulin and insulin propeptide concentrations in the fasting state as well as during the OGTT. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis correlated significantly ( P &lt;.05 to P &lt;.01) with basal proinsulin ( r =.40) and the proinsulin area under the curve (AUC) ( r =.34), basal insulin ( r =.31), basal C peptide ( r =.30), and the glucose AUC ( r =.30). In multiple stepwise regression analysis including insulin-like molecules, major plasma lipoproteins, and lipoprotein subfractions, basal proinsulin (increase in R 2 =.09) and dense LDL triglycerides (increase in R 2 =.10) predicted 19% of the variation of the global coronary atherosclerosis score after adjustment for age, body mass index, fasting insulin concentration, and VLDL triglycerides. Conclusions This study shows that young, nondiabetic, male survivors of myocardial infarction are truly hyperinsulinemic during an OGTT and suggests a close association between proinsulin and coronary atherosclerosis.
Contribution of hypoxia to the development of cardiomyopathy in hamsters
Authors: Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Hideo Kusuoka, Kazuki Fukuchi, Toshiyuki Fujiwara, Tsunehiko Nishimura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

It has been hypothesized that microvascular spasms cause cardiomyopathy. To elucidate the contribution of hypoxia to the development of cardiomyopathy, the newly-developed hypoxia tracer, Tc-99m nitroimidazole, was applied to detect myocardial hypoxia in a hamster model.Tc-99m nitroimidazole (180 MBq) and I-125 iodoantipyrine (370 kBq) were injected into cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters or control hamsters at age 10, 25, and 40 weeks (n = 6 in each group). The myocardial uptake of Tc-99m nitroimidazole was measured and dual tracer autoradiography was performed.Histologic study revealed that the cardiomyopathic hamsters at age 10, 25 and 40 weeks were in the myocytolytic stage, the fibrotic and healing stage, and the hypertrophy and dilatation stage, respectively. Tc-99m nitroimidazole uptake was significantly greater in the cardiomyopathic hamsters than in the controls at age 25 weeks (cardiomyopathic hamsters, 33.3 +/- 4.7% g dose/g; control, 25.2 +/- 3.1), whereas there were no significant differences between both strains at age 10 and 40 weeks. The quantified concentration of I-125 iodoantipyrine in the cardiomyopathic hamster at age 40 weeks was significantly lower than that in the controls. When the Tc-99m nitroimidazole uptake was normalized by I-125 iodoantipyrine concentrations, the cardiomyopathic hamsters at age 25 and 40 weeks showed significantly greater uptake than the controls.The myocardium in cardiomyopathic hamsters was hypoxic at the fibrotic and healing stage and may be hypoxic at the hypertrophy and dilatation stage. This may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy.
Prevalence and clinical picture of IDDM in Nigerian Igbo schoolchildren
Authors: Anthony O Afoke, Ndubuisi M Ejeh, Eunice N Nwonu, Christopher O Okafor, Nnanna J Udeh, Johnny Ludvigsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and clinical picture of IDDM in Nigerian Igbo schoolchildren born and living in continental Africa. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In three school districts (Ezza, Ishielu, Ohaukwu), 77,862 schoolchildren aged 5–17 yr answered our questionnaires on age, sex, known disease, drugs being taken, family history, and diabetic symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. Positive respondents were given glucosuric tests, and glucosuric subjects had hyperglycemic tests. Diagnosis of IDDM was established in hyperglycemic patients by referred hospital clinicians based on insulin requirements. RESULTS Twelve new cases of IDDM were found in addition to 14 previously diagnosed cases, giving a CPR of 0.33/1000. Ishielu had a CPR of 0.46/1000 compared with 0.25 (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for Ohaukwu. Boys had a CPR of 0.38/1000 compared with 0.25/1000 (P &amp;lt; 0.06) for girls. Boy-to-girl prevalence ratio was ∼ 3:1. CONCLUSIONS The relatively high prevalence of IDDM in this poor African population, despite potential deaths caused by minimal medical attention, may be because of long-term protein malnutrition and endemic childhood infections, which have been implicated in the etiology of IDDM in similar malnourished populations.