tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclophilin D controls mitochondrial pore–dependent Ca2+ exchange, metabolic flexibility, and propensity for heart failure in mice
Authors: John W. Elrod, Renee Wong, Shikha Mishra, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Bhuvana Sakthievel, Sanjeewa A. Goonasekera, Jason Karch, Scott Gabel, John Farber, Thomas Force, Joan Heller Brown, Elizabeth Murphy, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Cyclophilin D (which is encoded by the Ppif gene) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase known to modulate opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Apart from regulating necrotic cell death, the physiologic function of the MPTP is largely unknown. Here we have shown that Ppif(-/-) mice exhibit substantially greater cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and reduction in myocardial function in response to pressure overload stimulation than control mice. In addition, Ppif(-/-) mice showed greater hypertrophy and lung edema as well as reduced survival in response to sustained exercise stimulation. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgene expression of cyclophilin D in Ppif(-/-) mice rescued the enhanced hypertrophy, reduction in cardiac function, and rapid onset of heart failure following pressure overload stimulation. Mechanistically, the maladaptive phenotype in the hearts of Ppif(-/-) mice was associated with an alteration in MPTP-mediated Ca(2+) efflux resulting in elevated levels of mitochondrial matrix Ca(2+) and enhanced activation of Ca(2+)-dependent dehydrogenases. Elevated matrix Ca(2+) led to increased glucose oxidation relative to fatty acids, thereby limiting the metabolic flexibility of the heart that is critically involved in compensation during stress. These findings suggest that the MPTP maintains homeostatic mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels to match metabolism with alterations in myocardial workload, thereby suggesting a physiologic function for the MPTP.
Vivax malaria acquired in Trinidad, a malaria free area.
Authors: M E Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Une observation rare: paludisme a Plasmodium vivax certainement acquis sur place, dans une zone des Caraibes ou l'eradication a ete declaree totale par la WHO apres un programme d'eradication en 1957-72. Cependant les vecteurs sont encore presents
Control of Lymphocyte Function
Authors: Charles W. Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

During an immune response, small subpopulations of lymphocytes are stimulated selectively by antigen to divide and differentiate. This effect results in a marked increase in sensitized cells and leads to effective cellular and humoral immunity. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that positive and negative feedback-control mechanisms regulate the immune response in a manner that is analogous to hormonal regulation of endocrine and peripheral tissues. Although there is much to be learned about these mechanisms, it is clear that when the immune response fails, either an excess of an inhibitory factor or a lack of a stimulatory factor may be involved. . . .
Down-regulation of the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 contributes to spasticity after spinal cord injury
Authors: Pascale Boulenguez, Sylvie Liabeuf, Rémi Bos, Hélène Bras, Céline Jean-Xavier, Cécile Brocard, Aurélie Stil, Pascal Darbon, Daniel Cattaert, Eric Delpire, Martin Marsala, Laurent Vinay
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Impact of Depression on Left Ventricular Mechanics in Patients with Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Süleyman Karakoyun, Mustafa Ozan Gürsoy, Selim Topçu, Kamuran Kalkan, Mustafa Yurttaş, Tayyar Gökdeniz, Enbiya Aksakal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Endoscopic necrosectomy as primary therapy in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis
Authors: R. Charnley, R. Lochan, H. Gray, C. O’Sullivan, J. Scott, K. Oppong
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Open pancreatic necrosectomy is the standard treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis but is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. Percutaneous or endoscopic necrosectomy are alternative techniques. We evaluated the use of endoscopic necrosectomy for treatment of patients with necrosis that could be accessed through the posterior wall of the stomach. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the indication, patient status according to acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 2 severity score, and success of endoscopic necrosectomy as primary treatment, in selected patients with localized infected pancreatic necrosis, who presented between May 2002 and October 2004. After the necrosis cavity had been accessed, with the assistance of endoscopic ultrasound, a large orifice was created and necrotic debris was removed using endoscopic accessories under radiological control. Follow-up was clinical and radiological. Results: 13 patients (nine men, four women, mean age 53 years), 11 with positive bacteriology, underwent attempted endoscopic necrosectomy. Median APACHE 2 score on presentation was 8 (range 1 - 18). Four patients needed intensive therapy unit care and one other patient required (nonventilatory) high-dependency unit care only. Necrosis was successfully treated endoscopically in 12 patients, requiring a mean of 4 endoscopic interventions (range 1 - 10); one patient required open surgery; two underwent additional percutaneous necrosectomy and one required laparoscopic drainage. Two patients died of complications unrelated to the procedure. The 11 survivors have a median (range) follow-up of 16 (6 - 38) months. Conclusion: Endoscopic necrosectomy is a safe method for treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. Multiple procedures are usually needed. It may be combined with other methods of surgical intervention. Larger prospective studies will more precisely define its role.
Frequent detection of immunoglobulin M anti-herpes simplex viral antibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Keiichi Fujiwara, Osamu Yokosuka
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We read with great interest the article by McNally et al.,1 who reported the involvement of a seasonally varying environmental agent in the etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and who have reported previously that a transient environmental agent may be involved in the etiology using a space-time clustering method among cases of PBC in a defined geographical population of northeast England.2 A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors are thought to contribute the etiology of PBC.3 As environmental factors, certain bacterial and viral infections, including Escherichia coli, mycobacteria, and a retrovirus, are reported to be involved.4 To date, however, no specific virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis, although cases of PBC tend to cluster within areas. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a hepatotropic virus, but it is an uncommon cause of hepatitis in immunocompetent adults. HSV hepatitis occurs in neonatal infections, pregnancy, and immunosuppressed patients. Recently, we frequently detected immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HSV antibody in patients with PBC. Twenty-two (55%) of 40 patients were positive (cutoff index >1.2) for IgM anti-HSV, 13 (33%) were negative (<0.8), and five (12%) were undetermined (0.8-1.2) (Fig. 1). Nineteen of 22 patients with positive IgM anti-HSV were positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-HSV, and three were negative. Nine of 13 patients with negative IgM anti-HSV were positive for IgG anti-HSV, and four were negative. Four of five undetermined patients were positive for IgG anti-HSV, and one was negative. Immunoglobulin M anti-HSV antibody in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Arrows and arrowheads represent antinuclear membrane antibody positivity and anticentromere antibody positivity, respectively. Nakamura et al.5 reported that two different progression types exist in PBC and that positive anti-gp210 (antinuclear membrane) and positive anticentromere antibodies represent the hepatic failure type and portal hypertension type, respectively. All five patients with antinuclear membrane antibodies showed strong positivity (Fig. 1, arrows). Five of 13 patients with anticentromere antibodies showed weak positivity (Fig. 1, arrowheads). Our results support environmental factors involved in the etiology of PBC, although further studies should be done to evaluate whether HSV is an infectious agent or whether IgM anti-HSV is the result of a response to cross-reactive cellular proteins. Keiichi Fujiwara M.D, Ph.D.*, Osamu Yokosuka M.D., Ph.D.*, * Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Normal Salt Transfusion Apparatus.
Authors: CARL HERMAN ANDERSEN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In common with other workers, I have felt the need of a transfusion apparatus that would accurately sustain an even temperature and maintain a regulated flow, and for this purpose have devised one, which I here present. A. Glass tubes for intravenous transfusion. It will be noted that they have bulbous ends to avoid injuring the vein when introduced. B. Joint. C. Needles for subcutaneous transfusion. D. Perforation in the lid for sterilized cotton. E. Thermometer. F. Cotton diaphragm. G. Three-quart enema bag. H. Waste pipe. It consists of a glass jar capable of holding 1000 c.c., as is indicated on its side. A thermometer is suspended in its center. It has a lid with a perforated center, into which sterile cotton is placed to filter the air; a cotton diaphragm inside the jar filters the salt solution. A rubber tube attached to its lower end carries off the solution,
More Americans find healthcare unattainable, shows study
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Access to healthcare and use of health services for all working age US adults deteriorated from 2000 to 2010, whether they had private insurance, government insurance, or no insurance, says a new study published in Health Affairs.

The authors, from the Urban Institute Policy Center in Washington, DC, say that many US adults aged 19-64 years lost access to healthcare and used health services less, with the loss greatest among uninsured people.1 The paper also considers what would happen if the Supreme Court declares the Affordable Care Act (enacting Barack Obama’s health reforms) unconstitutional—or if the court leaves the act in effect in …
Perceptions about Complementary Therapies Relative to Conventional Therapies among Adults Who Use Both: Results from a National Survey
Authors: David M. Eisenberg, Ronald C. Kessler, Maria I. Van Rompay, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Sonja A. Wilkey, Scott Appel, Roger B. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Little is known about perceptions of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy relative to conventional therapy among patients who use both. Objective: To document perceptions about CAM therapies among persons who use CAM and conventional therapies. Design: Nationally representative, random-household telephone survey. Setting: The 48 contiguous U.S. states. Participants: 831 adults who saw a medical doctor and used CAM therapies in 1997. Measurements: Perceptions about helpfulness and patterns of CAM therapy use relative to conventional therapy use and reasons for nondisclosure of CAM therapies. Results: Of 831 respondents who saw a medical doctor and used CAM therapies in the previous 12 months, 79% perceived the combination to be superior to either one alone. Of 411 respondents who reported seeing both a medical doctor and a CAM provider, 70% typically saw a medical doctor before or concurrent with their visits to a CAM provider; 15% typically saw a CAM provider before seeing a medical doctor. Perceived confidence in CAM providers was not substantially different from confidence in medical doctors. Among the 831 respondents who in the past year had used a CAM therapy and seen a medical doctor, 63% to 72% did not disclose at least one type of CAM therapy to the medical doctor. Among 507 respondents who reported their reasons for nondisclosure of use of 726 alternative therapies, common reasons for nondisclosure were "It wasn't important for the doctor to know" (61%), "The doctor never asked" (60%), "It was none of the doctor's business" (31%), and "The doctor would not understand" (20%). Fewer respondents (14%) thought their doctor would disapprove of or discourage CAM use, and 2% thought their doctor might not continue as their provider. Respondents judged CAM therapies to be more helpful than conventional care for the treatment of headache and neck and back conditions but considered conventional care to be more helpful than CAM therapy for treatment of hypertension. Conclusions: National survey data do not support the view that use of CAM therapy in the United States primarily reflects dissatisfaction with conventional care. Adults who use both appear to value both and tend to be less concerned about their medical doctor's disapproval than about their doctor's inability to understand or incorporate CAM therapy use within the context of their medical management.
A degradation-sensitive anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2) variant protects against chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Heiko Witt, Miklós Sahin-Tóth, Olfert Landt, Jian-Min Chen, Thilo Kähne, Joost PH Drenth, Zoltán Kukor, Edit Szepessy, Walter Halangk, Stefan Dahm, Klaus Rohde, Hans-Ulrich Schulz, Cédric Le Maréchal, Nejat Akar, Rudolf W Ammann, Kaspar Truninger, Mario Bargetzi, Eesh Bhatia, Carlo Castellani, Giulia Martina Cavestro, Milos Cerny, Giovanni Destro-Bisol, Gabriella Spedini, Hans Eiberg, Jan B M J Jansen, Monika Koudova, Eva Rausova, Milan Macek, Núria Malats, Francisco X Real, Hans-Jürgen Menzel, Pedro Moral, Roberta Galavotti, Pier Franco Pignatti, Olga Rickards, Julius Spicak, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Wolfgang Böck, Thomas M Gress, Helmut Friess, Johann Ockenga, Hartmut Schmidt, Roland Pfützer, Matthias Löhr, Peter Simon, Frank Ulrich Weiss, Markus M Lerch, Niels Teich, Volker Keim, Thomas Berg, Bertram Wiedenmann, Werner Luck, David Alexander Groneberg, Michael Becker, Thomas Keil, Andreas Kage, Jana Bernardova, Markus Braun, Claudia Güldner, Juliane Halangk, Jonas Rosendahl, Ulrike Witt, Matthias Treiber, Renate Nickel, Claude Férec
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Comparison of Plaque Sealing With Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents Versus Medical Therapy for the Treatment of Moderate Nonsignificant Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions
Authors: Josep Rodés-Cabau, Olivier F. Bertrand, Eric Larose, Jean-Pierre Déry, Stéphane Rinfret, Rodrigo Bagur, Guy Proulx, Can M. Nguyen, Mélanie Côté, Marie-Claude Landcop, Jean-Rock Boudreault, Jacques Rouleau, Louis Roy, Onil Gleeton, Gérald Barbeau, Bernard Noël, Javier Courtis, Gilles R. Dagenais, Jean-Pierre Després, Robert DeLarochellière
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The presence of moderate saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions is a major predictor of cardiac events late after coronary artery bypass grafting. We determined the effects of sealing moderate nonsignificant SVG lesions with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) on the prevention of SVG atherosclerosis progression.Patients with at least 1 moderate SVG lesion (30% to 60% diameter stenosis) were randomized either to stenting the moderate SVG lesion with a PES (n=30, PES group) or to medical treatment alone (n=27, medical treatment group). Patients had an angiographic and intravascular ultrasound evaluation of the SVG at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. The primary end points were (1) the ultrasound SVG minimal lumen area at follow-up and (2) the changes in ultrasound atheroma volume in an angiographically nondiseased SVG segment. Mean time from coronary artery bypass grafting was 12+/-6 years, and mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was 73+/-31 mg/dL. A total of 70 moderate SVG lesions (39+/-7% diameter stenosis) were evaluated. Significant disease progression occurred in the medical treatment group at the level of the moderate SVG lesion (decrease in minimal lumen area from 6.3+/-3.0 to 5.6+/-3.1 mm(2); P<0.001), leading to a severe flow-limiting lesion or SVG occlusion in 22% of the patients compared with none in the PES group (P=0.014). In the PES group, mean minimal lumen area increased (P<0.001) from 6.1+/-2.2 to 8.6+/-2.9 mm(2) at follow-up (P=0.001 compared with the medical treatment group at 12 months). There were no cases of restenosis or stent thrombosis. No significant atherosclerosis progression occurred at the nonstented SVG segments. At 12-month follow-up, the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events related to the target SVG was 19% in the medical treatment group versus 3% in the PES group (P=0.091).Stenting moderate nonsignificant lesions in old SVGs with PES was associated with a lower rate of SVG disease progression and a trend toward a lower incidence of major adverse cardiac events at 1-year follow-up compared with medical treatment alone, despite very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. This pilot study supports further investigation into the role of plaque sealing in SVGs. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT002289835.
The Significance of Impaired Fasting Glucose Versus Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Gian Piero Carnevale Schianca, Antonello Rossi, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Elisabetta Maduli, Ettore Bartoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The American Diabetes Association recommended substituting 2hBS (glycemia at the second hour of an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) for fasting blood glucose (FBS) in screening for glucose intolerance. It is debated whether these tests measure the same abnormality and relate to defective insulin secretion or resistance. This study examines the diagnostic effectiveness of FBS versus 2hBS and their relationship with insulin secretion and resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Based on history or physical findings suggesting glucose intolerance, we enrolled 398 unselected subjects admitted to a general Internal Medicine ward. After 5 days of a weight-maintaining diet, FBS, 2hBS, and insulin were measured during OGTT. The homeostatic model assessment was used to assess β-cell function and insulin resistance. RESULTS—Excluding 19 patients with diabetes (5%), we identified 284 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 22 with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 59 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 14 with associated IFG/IGT. The sensitivity of FBS in predicting 2hBS was 19%, specificity 93%. Positive and negative predictive values were 39% and 83%, respectively. Insulin resistance was absent in NGT and IFG and markedly elevated in IGT and IFG/IGT, whereas defective insulin release was significant only in isolated IFG. CONCLUSIONS—In unselected patients, elevated FBS depends primarily on defective insulin secretion, and impaired 2hBS on insulin resistance. Because these tests measure different alterations, they are useful in combination.
Ultrasound-Microbubble–Mediated Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Transfection Attenuates Neointimal Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice
Authors: Jun-ichi Suzuki, Masahito Ogawa, Kiyoshi Takayama, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Ryuichi Morishita, Yasunobu Hirata, Ryozo Nagai, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Coliform Septicemia Complicating Shigellosis in Children
Authors: Kenneth C. Haltalin, John D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The rare occurrence of<i>Shigella</i>bacteremia is well known. Septicemia due to other enteric organisms as a secondary event in shigellosis, as far as we know, has not been documented. Three cases of coliform septicemia complicating shigellosis in children are described. Septicemia became manifest on the fifth to sixth day of illness and was characterized by spiking fever, "toxicity," leukocytosis, and positive blood cultures.<i>Aerobacter</i>species were isolated in all three cases. In one case,<i>Escherichia</i>coli was also present. Two patients responded promptly to antibiotic therapy. One patient developed meningitis and subdural empyema due to an<i>Aerobacter</i>species and died. Coliform septicemia occurring as a secondary event in patients with shigellosis appears to have a distinctive clinical pattern, which should allow its prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Length of survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the United Kingdom.
Authors: G Marasca, M McEvoy
Journal: BMJ (1986)

An analysis of the lengths of survival of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting with different opportunistic diseases was performed using epidemiological data routinely collected at the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. The overall crude case fatality rate was 55.4% (93/168). The median survival times were: 21.2 months for Kaposi's sarcoma, 12.5 months for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 13.3 months for other opportunistic infections. The shortest median survival time (6.6 months) was found for those with both Kaposi's sarcoma and P carinii pneumonia. There were significant differences between durations of survival of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and those with all other diseases, which indicated impaired cellular immunity apart from opportunistic infections. This analysis shows that those with Kaposi's sarcoma alone have the most favourable prognosis.
ON A USEFUL FORMULA FOR THE TREATMENT OF WIDE-SPREAD TINEA TONSURANS
Authors: A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1912)

Journal Article ON A USEFUL FORMULA FOR THE TREATMENT OF WIDE‐SPREAD TINEA TONSURANS Get access A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS, M.B., D.P.H. A. WINKELRIED WILLIAMS, M.B., D.P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 6, 1 June 1912, Pages 216–217, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1912.tb16730.x Published: 01 June 1912
Erratum: Corrigendum: CaMKII: a biochemical bridge linking accumbens dopamine and glutamate systems in cocaine seeking
Authors: Sharon M Anderson, Katie R Famous, Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili, Vidhya Kumaresan, Heath D Schmidt, Caroline E Bass, Ernest F Terwilliger, Jang-Ho J Cha, R Christopher Pierce
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Age-dependent hepatic lymphoid organization directs successful immunity to hepatitis B
Authors: Jean Publicover, Anuj Gaggar, Stephen Nishimura, Christine M. Van Horn, Amanda Goodsell, Marcus O. Muench, R. Lee Reinhardt, Nico van Rooijen, Adil E. Wakil, Marion Peters, Jason G. Cyster, David J. Erle, Philip Rosenthal, Stewart Cooper, Jody L. Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that causes immune-mediated hepatitis. Successful immunity to HBV is age dependent: viral clearance occurs in most adults, whereas neonates and young children usually develop chronic infection. Using a mouse model of HBV infection, we sought mechanisms underpinning the age-dependent outcome of HBV and demonstrated that hepatic macrophages facilitate lymphoid organization and immune priming within the adult liver and promote successful immunity. In contrast, lymphoid organization and immune priming was greatly diminished in the livers of young mice, and of macrophage-depleted adult mice, leading to abrogated HBV immunity. Furthermore, we found that CXCL13, which is involved in B lymphocyte trafficking and lymphoid architecture and development, is expressed in an age-dependent manner in both adult mouse and human hepatic macrophages and plays an integral role in facilitating an effective immune response against HBV. Taken together, these results identify some of the immunological mechanisms necessary for effective control of HBV.