tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12332: Tethering of Mitral Leaflets Relates to Displacement of Papillary Muscles by Dislocation of Heart During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Assessment of Mitral Valve Complex by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Porcine Model
Authors: Takashi Igarashi, Masumi Iwai-Takano, Shinya Takase, Hitoshi Yokoyama
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: It is considered that morphological changes of mitral valve complex and worsening of mitral regurgitation (MR) cause the hemodynamic deterioration during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in ischemic heart disease. Hypothesis: Mitral valve tethering is caused by dislocation of papillary muscle and leads to exacerbation of ischemic MR and hemodynamics. Methods: In 9 healthy swine with median sternotomy, we positioned the beating heart using Starfish heart positioner ® and Octopus 2 ® (Medtronic) as OPCAB model. In 4 positions for CABG, i.e., control, LAD-, RCA-, and LCX- positions, three-dimensional (3D) full volume images by echocardiography were acquired (iE33 ® and X5-1 ® , Phillips Healthcare) to assess mitral valve complex with hemodynamic parameters. We assessed the morphological changes of the mitral valve complex in 4 positions using by Real-view ® (YD Co.) and Cardio-view ® (TomTec). Results: Systolic arterial pressure was significantly lower in LCX position than in control position (LCX 48.9±2.5 vs control 69.8±2.7 mmHg, P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in the mitral annular diameters in each position. On the other hand, there were significantly increased in the maximum tenting height (control 2.9±0.5, LAD 2.7± 0.3, RCA 3.7± 0.3, LCX 4.1± 0.3 mm, P&lt;0.01) and the tenting volume (control 0.7±0.1, LAD 0.6±0.1, RCA 0.8±0.1, LCX 1.0±0.1 cm 3 , P&lt;0.05) in LCX position compered to other positions. The angle α, i. e., the angle between the posterior papillary muscle-to-annulus line and the least-squares annular plane, were tended to decrease in LCX position, and there was a significantly relationship between the tenting volume and the angle α (r= -0.643, P&lt;0.001). By the assessment of 3D-coordinates of the papillary muscles, posterior papillary muscle was displaced to medial site in LCX position compered to other positions (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: In the dislocated and rotated position of the heart, especially in LCX position, the tethering of the mitral valve leaflets was increased, and related to the displacement of posterior papillary muscle. This suggests that mitral valve tethering is caused by dislocation of papillary muscle and leads to exacerbation of ischemic MR and hemodynamics during OPCAB.
Smokeless tobacco use among young male adults in northern Finland
Authors: Anna Hamari, Tuula Toljamo, Pentti Nieminen, Vuokko Kinnula
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Smokeless tobacco (ST) sales have been banned in Finland since joining the European union in 1995 while its' import for own personal use is allowed. Despite the sales ban, adolescents and young adults use ST. According to a national survey in 2009, 41% of 18-year-olds had experimented smokeless tobacco and 2.1% used it daily, and the trend seems to be increasing [1].

Aims: To study Swedish moist snuff use among young adult males in Northern Finland with fairly close access to Sweden, where ST products are allowed.

Methods: Data was collected during 2008-2009. The study population consists of 1151 male military recruits from the two most northern regions of Finland (mean age 19.4, 94.2% 18-20 years). All draftees were applied to answer a specific questionnaire. Response rate was high, 80%.

Results: Most young males (70.4%) had experimented ST at least once. Current daily ST use was reported by 14.3%, and 28% reported occasional use. Among daily users, mean duration of ST use was 3.0 years.

Conclusions: Despite the sales ban in Finland, ST use is common among young adult males. Compared to national prevalence, daily ST use was high in Northern Finland where also smoking is relatively common [2]. This might relate to cultural differences inside the country, but also to easy snus availability in the northern parts of the country.

References: 

*   1. Rainio S, Pere L, Lindfors P, Lavikainen H, Saarni L, Rimpela A. The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey 2009. Adolescent smoking, alcohol and substance use in 1977-2009. Helsinki 2009.

*   2. Hamari A, Toljamo T, Nieminen P, Kinnula VL. High frequency of chronic cough and sputum production with lowered exercise capacity in young smokers. Ann Med. 2010 Oct; 42(7):512-20.
Experts Debate Drugs for Healthy Women With Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ATLANTA—For some time, anxiety and “watchful waiting” have been the usual prescription for women with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer. Now, however, a working group convened by the nation’s largest group of cancer specialists cautiously suggests that physicians consider offering a risk-reduction measure—the drug tamoxifen—to healthy women age 35 and older who have an increased risk of developing the disease. But this advice, presented in a new report unveiled at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), fell far short of a ringing endorsement of prescribing tamoxifen for healthy women. “We are not recommending that women take tamoxifen,” said Rowan T. Chlebowski, MD, of the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine (UCLA) and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, who cochaired the working group that developed the report. “We are recommending that women be offered it in the context of informed consent.” The informed consent process would involve assessing and discussing a woman’s risk factors for developing breast cancer and balancing that risk against tamoxifen’s potential adverse effects, including an elevated risk of uterine cancer, potentially fatal blood clots, and menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes. The decision to use the drug would depend “on a woman’s actual risk and the importance of that risk to her,” said Chlebowski. The report, the American Society of Clinical Oncology Technology Assessment on Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Strategies: Tamoxifen and Raloxifene, was based on an examination of all relevant literature published since 1990. The two drugs, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), have activity against estrogen receptor–positive but not estrogen receptor–negative breast tumors. According to the report, tamoxifen “may be offered” to women age 35 and older with at least a 1.7% projected risk of developing breast cancer during the next 5 years—roughly double the average risk. About 29 million women, or 20% of women in the United States, are in that 1.7% relative risk category, including all women over age 60.
TUNING FORK AUSCULTATION: A TEST FOR ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS
Authors: B. B. Vincent Lyon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 March 1943TUNING FORK AUSCULTATION: A TEST FOR ABDOMINAL ADHESIONSB. B. VINCENT LYON, M.D., F.A.C.P.B. B. VINCENT LYON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-3-297 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is not often that anyone wishes to open the grave and exhume the corpse to ascertain why he died an untimely death. But this is the circumstance which now confronts me. In 1922, I published1 a description of a new diagnostic technic. That paper attracted scant attention, for reasons now clear to me. Therefore, except for R. T. Ellison, who was then working in my clinic, this test lacked further study and confirmation.The test is a combination of auscultation and vibratory percussion, and serves as a bedside addition to physical diagnosis. Its purpose is to determine, by means...Bibliography1. LYON BB: A clinical method of determining adhesions between the stomach and gall tract, Surg., Gynec. and Obst., 1922, xxxv, 232. Google Scholar2. ELLISON RT: Adhesions in the upper right abdomen, Arch. Int. Med., 1924, xxxiv, 721. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. VERBRYCKE JR: Adhesions of cholecystohepatic flexure: new syndrome with specific test, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1940, cxiv, 314. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication March 25, 1942. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1943Volume 18, Issue 3Page: 297-310KeywordsAuscultation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 13485: Value of the SYNTAX Score in Patients Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction -- the MI SYNTAXscore Study
Authors: Michael Magro, Sjoerd Nauta, Cihan Simsek, Yoshinobu Onuma, Scot Garg, Elco van der Heide, Willem J van der Giessen, Eric Boersma, Ron T van Domburg, Robert Jan van Geuns, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2010)
THE ASSOCIATION OF NODULAR GOITER WITH THORACIC PAIN: REPORT OF SEVEN CASES
Authors: E ROSE, J EDEIKEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Article1 May 1951THE ASSOCIATION OF NODULAR GOITER WITH THORACIC PAIN: REPORT OF SEVEN CASESEDWARD ROSE, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOSEPH EDEIKEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.EDWARD ROSE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH EDEIKEN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-34-5-1126 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1938 we reported1the case of a 45 year old woman with a nontoxic intrathoracic nodular colloid goiter who suffered severe attacks of thoracic and left shoulder pain, with abnormal T waves in the chest leads of her electrocardiogram. Following the removal of the goiter the attacks of pain diminished in frequency and severity and disappeared in about 17 months; the electrocardiogram returned to normal. It is our purpose here to report a 13 year postoperative follow-up on this patient. We also wish to describe briefly six other patients in whom we have observed the association of various types...Bibliography1. EdeikenRose JE: Relief of anginoid pain following removal of intrathoracic non-toxic nodular goiter, Am. J. M. Sc. 196: 395-400, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. WeinsteinHoff AAHE: Mechanism of relief of pain immediately after total thyroidectomy for angina pectoris and conjestive failure, Surg., Gynec. and Obst. 64: 165, 1937. Google Scholar3. BerlinRisemanBlumgart DDJEHL: Present status of total thyroidectomy; review of seven and one-half years' experience, Tr. Am. A. Study Goiter 1-6, 1940. Google Scholar4. Dobyns BM: Thyroid nodules, benign and malignant; observations on their function, M. Clin. North America 33: 1225-1231, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Received for publication November 14, 1949.From the Endocrine Section and the Edward B. Robinette Foundation, Medical Clinic, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTHORACIC PAINChest PainKrankheiten der Schilddrüse 1 May 1951Volume 34, Issue 5Page: 1126-1136KeywordsElectrocardiographyHospitalsShouldersThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 15832: Switching Between New Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Safety and Outcomes
Authors: Pasquale Santangeli, Luigi Di Biase, Rodney Horton, Javier Sanchez, John David Burkhardt, Rong Bai, Shane Bailey, Agnes Pump, Chintan Trivedi, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Salwa Beheiry, Richard Hongo, William R. Lewis, Yeruva Madhu Reddy, Dhanunkaya Lakkireddy, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction. Periprocedural maintenance of therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin is a safe and effective anticoagulation protocol in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillatio...
Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: K. Köhle, C. Simons, B. Scholich, N. Schäfer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

Intending to stimulate the discussion about the future development of psychosomatic departments, 7 theses are put forward: (1) psychosomatic medicine as a service stabilizes the system of physical medicine. (2) The comprehension of disease in psychosomatic medicine is in complete contrast to that in physical medicine. (3) The reciprocity between subject and object is psychosomatic medicine's basic requirement. (4) Resistance to psychosomatic medicine derives from the contrasting theory and practice as seen in physical medicine. (5) The professional image of the psychosomatic specialist is determined by the reform of medical institutions in accordance with the results of psychosomatic science. (6) Research into communication provides a concept for the future scientific and practical development of psychosomatic medicine. (7) Therapeutic community in experimental treatment units versus psychosomatic consultant service.
Glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Nithya Krishnan, Ramiah Krishnan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

1. Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Mandelblatt J. Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137:96-104. 2. Schoen RE, Pinsky PF, Weissfeld JL, et al. Colorectal cancers not detected by screening flexible sigmoidoscopy in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:612-20.
717. RNAi Therapy for Dominant Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Haibin Xia, Qinwen Mao, Steven L. Eliason, Nathan Kiewiet, Jaime Critchfield, Ines H. Martins, Scott Q. Harper, Xiaohua He, Robert M. Kotin, Huda Y. Zoghbi, Harry T. Orr, Henry L. Paulson, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

In this study we investigated gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential therapy for Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a polyglutamine tract in ataxin-1. Therapies for SCA1 do not exist, and studies in mouse models of other polyglutamine repeat diseases support that silencing of the disease allele can improve disease manifestations. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) specific to SCA1 were screened for effective silencing against a mutant human ataxin (Q = 82) in vitro prior to testing in a transgenic mouse model of SCA1. SCA1 trangenic mice express a mutant human ataxin-1 (Q = 82) from the Purkinje cell specific promoter, and recapitulate many aspects of human SCA1, including progressive ataxia, shrinkage of the molecular layer, Purkinje cell degeneration and nuclear inclusion formation. AAV1 vectors expressing the most effective shRNA and an hrGFP reporter (AAVshSCA1.hrGFP) were injected into the cerebellar lobules of 7-week old SCA1 or wildtype mice. Viruses expressing an irrelevant hairpin (AAVshlacZ.hrGFP), or saline, were included as hairpin and injection controls. Rotarod tests of motor coordination were done 2-week prior and every two weeks following injections, until sacrifice at 16 weeks of age. Beginning at 9 weeks of age and continuing until sacrifice, SCA1 mice treated with shSCA1-expressing viruses showed significantly improved performance on the rotarod relative to saline- or shlacZ-treated SCA1 mice. There was no effect of the therapy on the performance of wildtype mice. The efficiency of transduction, quantified by hrGFP expression, ranged from ~ 5–10% of all Purkinje cells. We took advantage of hrGFP reporter expression to directly compare transduced and untransduced lobules for ataxin-1 nuclear inclusions, Purkinje cell morphology, and the width of the cerebellar molecular layer. In shSCA-treated SCA1 mice, Purkinje cell dendritic arbors remained robust, and transduced lobules (hrGFP+) had molecular layer widths indistinguishable from those of wild-type mice. Moreover, ataxin-1 inclusions were notably absent from all hrGFP-positive Purkinje cells in shSCA1-treated SCA1 mice (0 inclusions in 400 cells). In contrast, 49% of Purkinje cells from shlacZ-treated mice had inclusions, similar to untreated 16-wk old SCA1 mice. These data provide the first in vivo demonstration of efficacy of RNAi for dominant neurodegenerative disease therapy.
Reproductive Medicine: Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Fundamentals
Authors: A. S. Penzias
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Signal transduction by G proteins in cardiac tissues.
Authors: J W Fleming, P L Wisler, A M Watanabe
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The role of G proteins in mediating the responses of the heart to circulating catecholamines and to the influences of the autonomic nervous system is of special interest to cardiologists. It is evident that G proteins are essential links in the cascade of biochemical events that ensure when neurotransmitters and hormones interact with receptors on myocardial cells. It is likely [corrected] that dysfunction of G proteins plays a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. With current methodologies, especially molecular biological and recombinant DNA techniques, and with transgenic animal models that can relate physiological function and specific gene dosage, some cardiovascular diseases may be traced to G protein-related defects.
Clinical significance of the mTOR pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Jae Hong No, In-Ae Park, Jae Weon Kim, Noh-Hyun Park, Soon-Beom Kang, Heebal Kim, Jeong Mook Lim, Jae Yong Han, Yong-Sang Song
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A29    Purpose:  The activation of the mTOR pathway is recognized to be implicated in tumorigenesis of various malignancies through activation of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) leading to promotion of cellular proliferation and transition of cell cycle. This study was conducted to elucidate the prognostic value of activated mTOR and its downstream signaling molecules in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.   Experimental design:  Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 was performed on paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 103 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who underwent surgery. Clinical data were obtained from the review of medical records.   Results:  Expression of p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, and p-4EBP1 were identified in 47.6%, 64.1%, and 85.4% of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Expression of p-4EBP1 was significantly correlated with stage ( P  = 0.021), histologic grade ( P  = 0.011), and residual mass ( P  = 0.002). In addition, p-4EBP1 expression was associated with a significantly shorter disease-free survival in univariate analysis ( P  = 0.013). p-4EBP1 correlated with p-p70S6K (Pearson9s correlation coefficient = 0.415,  P   P  > 0.05).   Conclusions:  This study suggests that p-4EBP1 evaluated by immunohistochemistry may be helpful in prognostic evaluation of ovarian cancer and that mTOR might play a minor role in the activation of 4EBP1. These findings should be considered in the clinical study about the molecular targeted therapy using inhibitors of mTOR pathway.
Prophylactic oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 carriers
Authors: A. R. Bradbury, S. A. Cummings, O. I. Olopade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1012 Background: Women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy (BPO) has been shown to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer by 85–96%, and the risk of breast cancer by 50%. Therefore, for mutation carriers, prophylactic oophorectomy is recommended after completion of childbearing. Recent studies have found disparate rates of BPO among BRCA1/2 carriers, ranging from 27 to 60%. We conducted a review to determine the rate of BPO use among our BRCA1/2 carrier population. Methods: Clinical charts were reviewed to evaluate the use of BPO among our population of BRCA1/2 carriers. Participants included female BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers registered at the Cancer Risk Clinic. Women with a history of ovarian cancer, therapeutic oophorectomy and metastatic breast cancer at the time of genetic testing were excluded. Results: 80 BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers in the Cancer Risk Clinic between January 1996 and December 2003 were included. The age at genetic testing ranged from 25 to 71 years old, and 75% were older than 35 at the time of genetic testing. 69 (86%) women were Caucasian, 9 (11%) were African-American and 2 (3%) were Hispanic. 55 (69%) were BRCA1 carriers and 25 (31%) were BRCA2 carriers. All participants received genetic counseling regarding risk reduction options including surveillance, prophylactic surgeries and chemoprevention. 9 (11%) women had a BPO prior to genetic testing, based on family history alone. An additional 32 women (40%) had undergone BPO at the time of analysis. 21 (66%) of these women had a BPO within 12 months of receiving their test results. 29 (53%) of the BRCA1 carriers and 12 (48%) of the BRCA2 carriers underwent BPO. Of the 9 African-American carriers 3 (33%) had a BPO, while neither of the 2 Hispanic carriers underwent BPO. Conclusions: Over 50% of our BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers underwent bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy due to a family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer or genetic testing revealing a BRCA1/2 mutation. BPO is an acceptable method of risk reduction. Extended follow-up is necessary, as one-third of women delayed their decision to have BPO over one year after test disclosure. No significant financial relationships to disclose.