tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foreign Bodies in the Stomach
Authors: Andrew B. Rivers, Hugh L. Davison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 January 1931Foreign Bodies in the StomachANDREW B. RIVERS, M.D., HUGH L. DAVISON, M.D.ANDREW B. RIVERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HUGH L. DAVISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-7-742 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe discovery of foreign bodies in the stomach in the course of roentgenologic investigation or laparotomy is not uncommon. The literature on this subject is extensive and includes case histories describing the discoveries of a most amazing variety of substances retained in the human stomach. Wőlfler and Lieblein reviewed 1184 cases of foreign bodies in the stomach and small bowel.In this paper we shall report ten cases in which operations were performed for foreign body of the stomach, and three other cases contributed by Dr. O. Heyerdale of the State Hospital for the Insane at Rochester, Minnesota. We have...Bibliography1. BALFOURGOOD DCRW: Phytobezoar associated with gastric ulcer. Am. Jour. Surg., 6:579-587 (May) 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. CAMP JD: Phytobezoar in the stomach. Am. Jour. Roentgenol. and Radium Therap., 23:413-414 (April) 1930. Google Scholar3. DROEGEMUELLER EH: Phytobezoar: report of a case. Med. Clin. N. Amer., 13:1539-1542 (May) 1930. Google Scholar4. SALMON W: The bezoartick...is the present cure for all poysons and feauers. London, R. Jones, 1671. 3, p. 396 Google Scholar5. SIEGMUND G: Verschlucken einer Nahnadel; Durchtritt derselben durch die thoraxwand. Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Physiol., 14:189 (July) 1858. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. SWAIN WP: Removal of foreign body from stomach by gastrotomy. Lancet, 1:904 (April 6) 1895. Google Scholar7 WIDE A: Nedsva̋ljda synålar. Upsala Läkaref. Förh., 19:132-141, 1884. Google Scholar8 WőLFLERLIEBLEIN AA: Quoted by Balfour and Good. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Submitted for publication July 25, 1930. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFremdkörper im Bereich von Oesophagus und MagenPolybezoar and gastrointestinal foreign bodiesBezoars of the StomachTraumatic peptic ulcer 1 January 1931Volume 4, Issue 7Page: 742-751KeywordsLaparotomyStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
NADPH oxidase inhibition abrogates radiation-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators in the brain
Authors: J. Racquel Collins-Underwood, Weiling Zhao, Mitra Kooshki, Mike E. Robbins
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4409 

Progressive dementia occurs in some 20–50% of brain tumor patients who are long-term survivors after treatment with brain irradiation. The need to both understand and minimize the side effects of brain irradiation is exacerbated by the ever-increasing number of patients with brain metastases that require treatment with large field or whole brain irradiation (WBI); some 200,000 cancer patients/year receive large field or WBI. At the present time, there are no successful treatments for radiation-induced brain injury, nor are there any known effective preventive strategies. Data support a role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in radiation-induced late effects in kidney, lung; both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists (ATRA) have proved effective. However, the pathogenic mechanism(s) involved remains unknown. Ang II signaling is mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activation of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. NADPH oxidase is a multi-subunit enzyme localized to cell membranes whose activation requires the translocation of cytosolic subunits p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1. Activated NADPH oxidase converts molecular oxygen (O2) to the superoxide anion (O2.−). We hypothesize that brain irradiation leads to activation of the intrinsic RAS and the subsequent induction of proinflammatory mediators regulated via the downstream NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. We report that ionizing radiation and Ang II i] increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and ii] increased expression of the proinflammatory mediators plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), endothelial-selectin (E-selectin), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). This increase was ameliorated by administration of the AT1RA losartan and the AT2RA PD123319. Moreover, this increase appeared to be NADPH oxidase-dependent; pharmacological (apocynin) and molecular (AdN17Rac1, a dominant-negative form of Rac1) inhibition of NADPH oxidase also blocked the radiation- and Ang II-mediated upregulation of these proinflammatory mediators. These results suggest that the brain RAS may play a role in radiation-induced brain injury through activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent upregulation of proinflammatory mediators.
Cost and outcomes of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia among adults in the United Kingdom
Authors: Apostolos Charos, Paul Balmer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality among adults in the United Kingdom (UK).  S. pneumoniae  is the most common cause of CAP.   Aims and objectives:  The study objective was to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal CAP among adults in the UK.   Methods:  A cost-outcomes model was developed to estimate the inpatient costs and health outcomes associated with pneumococcal CAP among adults above 50 years old in the UK. Health outcomes were measured in terms of life-year (LY) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) lost. National data sources were used to estimate hospital admissions, deaths and costs with CAP as primary diagnosis for 2009/10. Since specific pathogens for pneumonia are not commonly identified, the proportion of CAP attributable to  S. pneumoniae  was estimated based on literature findings. A structured literature review was conducted to identify UK specific quality of life data.   Results:  It was estimated that there were 58,604 annual hospital admissions for pneumococcal CAP for adults above 50 years old in UK, costing more than £122 million per year. In addition, there were 13,161 deaths per year resulting in 87,533 LYs lost. The total annual number of QALYs lost was 64,653. The disease burden was higher among older age groups with approximately 84% of pneumococcal CAP occurring in adults above 65 years.   Conclusions:  Pneumococcal CAP in adults presents a substantial burden both to individuals and to the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. The cost and outcomes of pneumococcal CAP should be incorporated into economic evaluations of adult pneumococcal vaccination strategies.
Rates of seasonal affective disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: S E Swedo, J D Pleeter, D M Richter, C L Hoffman, A J Allen, S D Hamburger, E H Turner, E M Yamada, N E Rosenthal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors estimated the frequency of seasonal affective disorder in children and adolescents and examined the relationship of this rate to age and pubertal status.A modified version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was distributed to 2,267 students at a middle school and a high school in a suburb of Washington, D.C. A case diagnosis was made if the respondent scored over 18 and also indicated that the change of seasons was at least a "pretty bad" problem.A total of 1,871 questionnaires (82.5%) were returned. Sixty probable cases of seasonal affective disorder (3.3%) were identified among the 1,835 surveys analyzed. Age was directly correlated with the frequency of seasonal affective disorder, and the rate was higher in postpubertal girls. Differences between the subjects with and without identified cases of seasonal affective disorder were seen in the symptom endorsement patterns, particularly for "feel worst," "least energy," "most irritable," and "socialize least."These pilot data suggest that between 1.7% and 5.5% of 9-19-year-old children may have seasonal affective disorder. Further research is warranted, particularly that which examines the relationship between seasonal affective disorder and puberty.
Imatinib mesylate (STI-571, Gleevec®) offers combinatorial benefit with temozolomide (Temodar®) against gliomas
Authors: Jeremy N. Rich, Stephen T. Keir, Sith Sathornsumetee, David A. Reardon, Darell D. Bigner, Henry S. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

5979  Malignant gliomas are highly lethal tumors that display resistance to conventional therapies. Temozolomide is an orally available methylator now widely used in glioma therapy. Although temozolomide has activity against malignant gliomas, development of resistance is common. We have sought to increase the activity of temozolomide in these cancers. Imatinib mesylate is a novel low molecular weight ATP-mimetic inhibitor of several tyrosine kinases, including platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs). Although imatinib mesylate has been relatively inactive in monotherapy trials against gliomas, imatinib mesylate may offer in benefit in increasing the efficacy of temozolomide through increased tumor accumulation by decreasing interstitial fluid pressure and blocking retrograde blood-brain barrier transporters as well as disrupting tumor survival mechanisms. The combination of imatinib mesylate (200 mg/kg x 5 days starting two days before temozolomide dosing) and temozolomide (single dose at 0.1 LD10) was well tolerated by athymic mice without significant weight loss. Athymic nude mice bearing established subcutaneous human glioma xenografts displayed additive benefit in time to reach 5x original tumor volume (24.8 days temozolomide alone, 2.6 imatinib alone, 26.3 with the combination). The impact of the combination was significantly greater on the survival of mice bearing intracranial xenografts (control 22 days, imatinib mesylate 25 (p>.1), temozolomide 49 (p
893. Effect of Hepatic Insulin Gene Therapy on Intrahepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism In Vivo
Authors: Michael P. Seiler, Margaretha Guenther, Skip Mercier, Donna Palmer, Phillip Ng, Charlott Brunmark, Michael A. Barry, Brendan H. Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Osteoarthiritis (OA) is a significant social and economic problem without adequate therapies. OA is characterized by focal erosion of articular cartilage in the joints of affected individuals. Recent advances in the field of gene therapy have identified potential transgenes that may alleviate symptoms and potentially regenerate the damaged intra-articular surfaces of the OA joint. Injecting adenovirus into the articular capsule results in preferential transduction of the synovium. Unfortunately, therapeutic growth factor expression from the synovial tissue results in ectopic cartilage formation and may cause osteophyte formation. One solution to overcome this is to express chondrogenic growth factors within the cartilage by transducing chondrocytes. However, poor transduction of articular chondrocytes limits efficient adenoviral mediated gene transfer strategies for the treatment of OA. To this end, we tested whether including adenovirus in a calcium phosphate co-precipitate (Ad:CaPi) would increase gene transfer efficiency in rat chondrosarcoma cells (RCS) in vitro. When cells were transduced with equivalent MOI, we found a significant increase in βgal expression (2-log) in Ad:CaPi transduced cells compared to adenovirus alone. Moreover, a dose response comparison between adenovirus and Ad:CaPi showed a significant increase in efficiency, where 1 log fewer particles of adenovirus in calcium phosphate complexes were required to transduce the same number of cells as adenovirus alone. Since Ad:CaPi complexes increase gene transfer to different cell types through a receptor independent mechanism, it is likely that these complexes will increase gene transfer to all cell types in the articular space including the surrounding synovial tissue, and therefore would require genetic modification to achieve chondrocyte specific gene expression. Therefore, we tested an alternative approach to re-direct adenoviral gene transfer specifically to chondrocytes. We utilized a biotinylated anti-α10 integrin antibody that is specific for chondrocytes. We coupled the antibody with a multivalent neutravidin, and complexed this with a metabolically biotinylated adenovirus. The results indicate a 5-fold increase in gene transfer with the antibody-targeted adenovirus compared to the biotinylated adenovirus alone. Importantly, since this virus has significantly reduced CAR binding, this increase may signify a selectable advantage for transducing chondrocytes within the joint capsule. From this data, we identify novel methods to increase gene transfer to chondrocytes in vitro, and indicate a potential local and chondrocyte targeted gene therapy strategy in vivo.
Narrowband ultraviolet B (TL-01) phototherapy for psoriasis: which incremental regimen?
Authors: None Wainwright, None Dawe, None Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Narrowband ultraviolet B (TL‐01) phototherapy for psoriasis: which incremental regimen? Get access N.J. Wainwright, N.J. Wainwright Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Dawe, R.S. Dawe Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson J. Ferguson Photodermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 139, Issue 3, 1 September 1998, Pages 410–414, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02403.x Published: 01 September 1998
Acute Epiglottitis in Adults
Authors: Michael F. MayoSmith, Paula J. Hirsch, Steven F. Wodzinski, Fred J. Schiffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records on all cases of acute epiglottitis in adults from each of the hospitals in Rhode Island and from the state medical examiner's office over an eight-year period (1975-1982). We found 56 cases--an annual incidence of 9.7 cases per million adults. A significant increase occurred in the last two study years. Indirect laryngoscopy proved to be more reliable in making a diagnosis than did x-ray films of the neck; all of 41 indirect examinations were performed without complications. Twenty-three percent (6 of 26) of patients in whom blood cultures had been obtained had bacteremia, all with Hemophilus influenzae. Bacteremia was associated with a high risk of airway obstruction. Four patients died, all from acute airway obstruction, for a mortality rate of 7.1 percent--a rate significantly higher than the current rate among children. Two deaths occurred after admission, while the patients were being observed without an artificial airway. We conclude that the incidence of epiglottitis in adults is higher than previously believed and may be increasing. Fatal airway obstruction can occur without warning, indicating a need for early protection of the airway in adults as well as in children.
Abstract 15840: Electrogram Morphology Recurrence Analysis Identifies Areas of Consistent Activation Directions and Rotor Activity in a Rapid Atrial Pacing Model of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David Gordon, Rishi Arora, Gary L Aistrup, Jeffrey J Goldberger, Jason Ng
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Electrogram morphology recurrence (EMR) analysis is a novel mapping technique which characterizes morphology patterns during atrial fibrillation (AF). Using high resolution electrical mapping, we tested the hypothesis that EMR analysis could identify areas of consistent activation directions and rotor activity in a canine rapid atrial pacing model of AF. Methods: Three weeks of rapid right atrial pacing (600 bpm) was performed in six dogs. A triangular plaque was used to obtain 117 simultaneous bipolar AF electrograms from two right and three left atrial locations. EMR plots for each electrogram recording were created by cross-correlation of each activation waveform with each other. The percentage of the most common morphology (REC%) and the mean cycle length (CL) of activations with the most common morphology (CLR) were computed. Activation pattern for each site was classified as either having stable rotors, passive activity, or chaotic activity. Activation vectors were computed and a vector index (VI) was used to measure vector consistency. Results: Figure A shows an example of an EMR plot map from recordings in the left atrium with red indicating areas of high EMR. The sites with the shortest CL had an average CL of 81±13 ms. The sites with the highest REC% had an average value of 99±2%. The sites with the shortest CLR had an average value of 91±17 ms. REC% was highly correlated with VI (Figure B). Minimum CL was only moderately shorter in rotor sites compared to chaotic and passive sites (Figure C). Maximum REC% was significantly higher in rotors sites than in chaotic sites, but not different from passive sites (Figure D). Minimum CLR in the rotor sites were significantly less than both the chaotic and passive sites (Figure E). Conclusions: EMR analysis is a new mapping technique that correlates well with activation vector consistency and can identify rotor activity. This is a promising method for mapping AF that may identify sources that can be targeted for ablation.
Effective treatment of small-noncleaved-cell lymphoma with high-intensity, brief-duration chemotherapy.
Authors: M L McMaster, J P Greer, F A Greco, D H Johnson, S N Wolff, J D Hainsworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Small-noncleaved-cell (SNC) lymphoma is a high-grade, biologically aggressive neoplasm notable for poor response to therapy, high relapse rate, and less than a 20% long-term survival. We treated 20 patients with SNC lymphoma with a novel chemotherapeutic regimen using intensive doses of chemotherapy at frequent intervals in the inpatient setting. All patients were previously untreated. Sixteen patients (80%) had stage IV disease. Most patients (95%) had at least one other characteristic associated with poor prognosis (bulky [greater than 10 cm] disease, multiple extranodal sites, poor performance status), and 85% had two or more characteristics associated with poor prognosis. Seventeen patients (85%) achieved a complete response (CR) to therapy, including all three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disease. There have been three relapses, all occurring less than 18 months after treatment, and two of three relapses occurred in patients who were unable to complete therapy. At a median follow-up of 29 months, 13 patients (65%) remain disease-free; the calculated 5-year actuarial disease-free survival is 60%. Toxicity, chiefly myelosuppression, was severe but manageable. There were two treatment-related deaths, both in elderly patients with poor performance status and advanced-stage disease. These data suggest that such a dose-intensive approach improves the response and survival of patients with SNC lymphoma.
Problems in problem solving The Psychology of Problem Solving edited by Janet E Davidson and Robert J Sternberg. Cambridge University Press, 2003. £50.00 (hbk)/£19.95 (pbk) (394 pages) ISBN 0 521 79333 5 (hbk)/0 521 79741 1 (pbk)
Authors: K Gilhooly
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2003)
Prediction of short‐ and long‐term outcome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Martha M. Kirstein, Frauke Metzler, Elena Geiger, Eyk Heinrich, Michael Hallensleben, Michael P. Manns, Arndt Vogel
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a loss of tolerance toward the hepatocellular epithelium. Liver transplantation (LT) represents the ultimate therapeutic option for a fulminant course or end-stage liver disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical, serological, and genetic features of remission, relapse, and overall and LT-free survival. Between 2000 and 2014, 354 AIH patients from Hannover Medical School were included. Clinical, laboratory, and histological reports were analyzed. DRB1 allele analyses were performed in 264 AIH and 399 non-AIH patients. Cox's regression analysis was performed to identify factors significantly associated with survival. Patients diagnosed in childhood were at higher risk for relapses (P=0.003), requirement for LTs (P=0.014, log rank), and had a reduced life expectancy (P<0.001, log rank). Detection of soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen (SLA/LP) antibodies was significantly associated with reduced overall and LT-free survival (P=0.037; P=0.021). Cirrhosis, which was evident in 25% at first diagnosis, was found to be a predictor of poor survival and requirement for LT (P=0.003; P=0.009). DRB1*04:01-positive phenotype was associated with a higher rate of complete remissions and with a lower frequency of cirrhosis and LTs. There were no significant differences for subsequent relapses or survival in patients achieving either partial or complete remission.Diagnosis<18 years, histological cirrhosis at first diagnosis and SLA/LP antibodies are major risk factors for a poor short- and long-term outcome. These patients are in need of high surveillance. Separating patients with positive SLA/LP antibodies into a third group may be reconsidered. DRB1*04:01 positivity has been identified in association with a favorable clinical outcome.
Current Approaches for Improving Intratumoral Accumulation and Distribution of Nanomedicines
Authors: Mikhail O Durymanov, Andrey A Rosenkranz, Alexander S Sobolev
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

The ability of nanoparticles and macromolecules to passively accumulate in solid tumors and enhance therapeutic effects in comparison with conventional anticancer agents has resulted in the development of various multifunctional nanomedicines including liposomes, polymeric micelles, and magnetic nanoparticles. Further modifications of these nanoparticles have improved their characteristics in terms of tumor selectivity, circulation time in blood, enhanced uptake by cancer cells, and sensitivity to tumor microenvironment. These "smart" systems have enabled highly effective delivery of drugs, genes, shRNA, radioisotopes, and other therapeutic molecules. However, the resulting therapeutically relevant local concentrations of anticancer agents are often insufficient to cause tumor regression and complete elimination. Poor perfusion of inner regions of solid tumors as well as vascular barrier, high interstitial fluid pressure, and dense intercellular matrix are the main intratumoral barriers that impair drug delivery and impede uniform distribution of nanomedicines throughout a tumor. Here we review existing methods and approaches for improving tumoral uptake and distribution of nano-scaled therapeutic particles and macromolecules (i.e. nanomedicines). Briefly, these strategies include tuning physicochemical characteristics of nanomedicines, modulating physiological state of tumors with physical impacts or physiologically active agents, and active delivery of nanomedicines using cellular hitchhiking.