tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perimenopause
Authors: Megan McNamara, Pelin Batur, Kristi Tough DeSapri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

This issue provides a clinical overview of Perimenopause focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult http://smartmedicine.acponline.org, http://mksap.acponline.org, and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic.
Summary of the mortality impact assessment of the 2003 heat wave in France
Authors: P Pirard, S Vandentorren, M Pascal, K Laaidi, A Le Tertre, S Cassadou, M Ledrans
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

France experienced a record-breaking heat wave between 2 and 15 August 2003. All the French regions were affected by this heat wave, which resulted in an excess of 14 800 deaths between 1 and 20 August. The increase in the number of excess deaths followed the same pattern as the increase in temperatures. No deviance from the normal death rate was observed in the month of August during the last third of the month, nor during the following three months. There was a clear discrepancy in the impact of the heat wave from city to city. If the effect of duration of consecutive days with high minimal temperatures and deviance with the seasonal normal temperature was patent, this could not explain all of the observed variability of the death incidence. The victims were mainly elderly women older than 75 years. In terms of relative risk and contribution to the global toll, deaths linked to heat were the most important. Based on these results, the French government developed a Heat Health Watch Warning System and set up a preventive action plan for each region in 2004.
Can an economic case be made for investing in health?
Authors: C. Normand
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Social insurance for health services grew out of voluntary schemes to ensure access to care for workers, especially to provide treatment for industrial injuries.1 At least part of the reason was a desire to help workers back to work. Implicit in some of the pronouncements from the World Bank is a belief that health services in developing countries should be used to treat and thus restore the productivity of workers. 2 3 Increasing output can be used as one measure of benefits in cost benefit analysis,4 but this gets no mention in some recent texts on health economics,5 and it is now rare to value benefits in economic evaluation in terms of improved productivity. As government services are increasingly being judged on their ability to contribute to economic growth—for example, crudely testable skills seem …
Outcomes of Cancer Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Pericardiocentesis for Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Danielle El Haddad, Cezar Iliescu, Syed Wamique Yusuf, William Nassib William, Tarif H Khair, Juhee Song, Elie N Mouhayar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 1807: Biliverdin Reductase Genetic Polymorphisms are Associated with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in Two Datasets
Authors: Robi Goswami, Beth S Sutton, Cynthia Rouf, Sarah Nelson, Carol Haynes, Jessica Johnson, Pascal Goldschmidt-Clermont, David Seo, William E Kraus, Elizabeth R Hauser, Simon G Gregory, Svati S Shah
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Bilirubin is a known antioxidant with roles including inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that higher serum bilirubin levels correlate with decreased CAD risk. Biliverd...
The Effect of Estrogen on the Incidence of Mammary and Pituitary Tumors in Hybrid Mice
Authors: W. U. Gardner
Journal: Cancer Research (1941)

To determine if there is a genetic tendency to develop mammary carcinomas mice of a mammary tumor-susceptible strain (CBA) were mated to mice of a mammary tumor-resistant strain (C57).  52 hybrid mice with CBA mothers and 53 hybrid mice with C57 mothers received injections of 16.6 or 50 mcg of estradiol benzoate weekly throughout life.  Other mice of similar origin were untreated but were permitted to breed the young being removed at birth.  70% of CBA strain-females and none of the C57 strain-females developed mammary adenocarcinomas.  59% of the estrogen-treated male and female mice with CBA mothers and 85% of the breeding hybrid females of similar origin developed mammary cancers.  None of the estrogen-treated hybrid mice with C57 mothers developed mammary tumors although 43% of the breeding females had mammary tumors at death (only 1/3 of the tumors were considered malignant).  Continuous pregnancies predisposed to a higher incidence of mammary tumors than estrogen administration.  Estrogen-treated hybrid mice with tumor-susceptible CBA maternal parents developed nonmalignant and premalignant localized mammary growths but these were lacking in mice with C57 mothers.  Tendency for localized overgrowths was acquired with tendency to develop a high incidence of mammary tumors.  Hypophysial tumors were observed in the estrogen-treated hybrids of both groups with the incidence being greater in males than in females.  Transmission of the tendency to develop such tumors is compatible with genetic interpretation.  Estrogen-treated hybrids had a greater incidence of lymphoid tumors than controls.  No histological changes of the adrenal glands could be associated with the tendency to develop mammary tumors.
Abstract 230: Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) Directly Damage the Myocardium by Reducing Calcium Transients via NADPH Oxidase
Authors: Mamas Mamas, Zeinab Hegab, Oyunbileg Jambaldorj, Nasser Alatwi, Tamer Mohammed, Delvac Oceandy, Elizabeth Cartwright, Ludwig Neyses
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiomyopathy is one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, but it is unknown what the mechanisms of direct injury to the myocardium are that occur in additi...
Hepatocyte tissue factor contributes to the hypercoagulable state in a mouse model of chronic liver injury
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Kohei Tatsumi, Silvio Antoniak, A. Phillip Owens, Erica Sparkenbaugh, Lori A. Holle, Alisa S. Wolberg, Anna K. Kopec, Rafal Pawlinski, James P. Luyendyk, Nigel Mackman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Abstract 5463: Cyclophilin A Mediates Endothelial Damage and Promotes Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Patrizia Nigro, Kimio Satoh, Michael R O’Dell, Nwe Nwe Soe, Zhaoqiang Cui, Amy Mohan, Junichi Abe, Jeffrey Alexis, Bruce I Goldman, Janet D Sparks, Bradford C Berk
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background- Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in mice and humans and is also secreted from VSMC in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Development of atherosclerosis involves endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and activation, vascular inflammatory cytokine release, macrophage migration/activation, and differentiation into foam cells. Based on involvement of CyPA in ROS signaling, we hypothesized that CyPA expression would be proatherogenic. Methods and Results- Using the ApoE −/− mouse model, we compared atherosclerosis development following genetic deletion of CyPA (ApoE −/− CyPA −/− ) in mice fed a high fat diet for 16 wks. Atherosclerosis was assessed by oil-red O (ORO) staining and was significantly greater in ApoE −/− mice compared with ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice (% ORO, en face aorta; 19.3±7.5 vs. 8.2±2.0, P &lt;0.01). Immunostaining of aortic cusp revealed significant reduction of CD45 + cells, CD3 + cells, and Mac3 + cells in ApoE −/− CyPA −/− compared with ApoE −/− mice, supporting the role of CyPA in inflammatory cell recruitment. En face aortic TUNEL staining revealed significant reduction of EC apoptosis in ApoE −/− CyPA −/− compared with ApoE −/− mice (count/area; 23.1±5.5 vs. 6.8±3.2, P &lt;0.01). Moreover, ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice had reduced expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and increased expression of eNOS compared to ApoE −/− mice, suggesting a key role for CyPA in EC inflammation. These features were not altered by reconstitution of bone marrow cells from ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice, suggesting that vascular-derived CyPA plays a crucial role in progression of atherosclerosis. Mechanistic experiments revealed that CyPA may be important for MCP-1 secretion from VSMC. These data are consistent with findings in humans where expression of CyPA, migration of inflammatory cells, and adhesion molecule expression are significantly augmented in ruptured atherosclerotic plaque areas of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Conclusion- CyPA is a novel mediator of atherogenesis by promoting EC damage, adhesion molecule expression, and inflammatory cell migration.
Childhood and family characteristics in panic and generalized anxiety disorders
Authors: S Torgersen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The author compared 32 patients who had generalized anxiety disorders with 29 patients who had panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. He observed that patients with generalized anxiety disorder more often had lost their fathers and/or mothers before the age of 16 years, whereas patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks had more often experienced chronic anxiety in childhood. More parents and siblings of patients with panic disorder had affective disorders and alcohol abuse than did parents and siblings of patients with anxiety disorders.
Expression of Multiple Activated Cellular Oncogenes in Human Brain Tumors
Authors: M. A. Gerosa, G. Della Valle, M. Tognon, L. Faggioli, A. Nicolato, M. Vitale, L. Cristofori, C. Vivenza, A. Bricolo
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

Activated cellular oncogenes have frequently been reported in primitive neuroectodermal tumors. As regards malignant gliomas, either primary tumors or cell lines, gene amplifications, rearrangements, overexpressions of a spectrum of oncogenes have been described. Particular emphasis has been given to the function of their protein products in CNS: growth factors (c-sis) or growth factor receptors (erb-B, c-ros, neu), protein kinases (c-abl, c-src), guanosine triphosphate binding proteins (Ha-ras, N-ras), as well as DNA-binding proteins (c-myc, N-myc. c-fos). In the multi-step' promotion' process of glial tumors, a pivot role for the EGF-r gene and for the embryonically related "alpha-Transforming-Growth- Factor" has been suggested, thus outlining a potential autocrine loop. The expression of multiple activated cellular oncogenes has been repeatedly observed in malignant gliomas, and represents a common finding in our experience, based upon a series of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme, biopsies and cell cultures. Our preliminary data do not support any consistent correlation with the presence of transforming sequences from neurotropic viruses.
Abstract 16879: Predictors of “Metabolically Healthy” Obesity in a High Risk Population
Authors: Rochelle V Brown, Brian G Kral, Lisa R Yanek, Dhananjay Vaidya, Taryn Moy, David M Levine, Lewis C Becker, Diane M Becker
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Some obese individuals are thought to be “metabolically healthy” (MHO) with lower risk for cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to identify healthy obesity and its associated risk factors in asymptomatic obese African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) from high risk families. Methods: Obese (BMI &gt; 30) family members of index patients with early-onset coronary disease &lt; 60 years of age underwent standard risk factor and fitness evaluation on a standard maximal treadmill test. MHO was defined as having &lt;3 of the following: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, waist circumference &gt; 102 cm (men) or &gt; 88 cm (women), blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg systolic and 85 mmHg diastolic, HDL &lt; 40 mg/dL (men) or &lt; 50 mg/dL (women), or triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL. Results: The sample (N=631) was 58% AA and 67% female, with 49.8% meeting criteria for MHO. Metabolically healthy individuals were more fit compared to unhealthy (76.3 ± 41.99 versus 70.48 ± 35.64 MET-minutes, p=0.06). In multivariable regression analysis predicting MHO versus unhealthy obesity, female sex (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.37-3.09), AA race (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.41-2.85), lower LDL (beta= -0.008, p&lt;.0001), and higher total levels of fitness (beta=0.01, p= 0.0006) were independently associated with greater likelihood of being classified as MHO. Neither BMI nor age was associated with MHO status (p= 0.19 and p=0.15 respectively). Conclusions: Among obese individuals from high risk families, age and BMI were not significantly associated with metabolically healthy status, as has been found in other studies. Among mutable risk factors, importantly, the association between better fitness levels and metabolic health suggest that improving fitness may hold promise in moving obese persons to a more metabolically healthy status independent of body weight.
Abstract 10868: Repeated Low-Temperature Sauna Therapy Improves Cardiac and Exercise Capacity as well as Immune Competence in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Mitsuo Sobajima, Takashi Nozawa, Hiroyuki Ihori, Takashi Ohori, Takuya Shida, Nozomu Fuji, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Backgrounds: Immune dysfunction has been postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF). The decreased number of lymphocytes correlates with an adverse prognosis an...
A Randomized Clinical Study Comparing Double Kissing Crush With Provisional Stenting for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Shao-Liang Chen, Teguh Santoso, Jun-Jie Zhang, Fei Ye, Ya-Wei Xu, Qiang Fu, Jing Kan, Chitprapai Paiboon, Yong Zhou, Shi-Qing Ding, Tak W. Kwan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria Implementation Project
Authors: Ritu Sachdeva, Joseph Allen, Oscar J. Benavidez, Robert M. Campbell, Pamela S. Douglas, Benjamin W. Eidem, Lara Gold, Michael S. Kelleman, Leo Lopez, Courtney E. McCracken, Kenan W.D. Stern, Rory B. Weiner, Elizabeth Welch, Wyman W. Lai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 16602: Genetic Variation in Liver X Receptor Alpha Predicts Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease in 60,000 Individuals from the General Population
Authors: Stefan Stender, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Amar A Sethi, Peer Grande, Borge G Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Liver × receptor alpha (LXRα) is a nuclear receptor which plays important roles in both lipid metabolism and inflammation. While animal studies indicate that LXRα might influence risk o...
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) Protein in Lymphocytes From WAS Patients and Their Familial Carriers
Authors: Masafumi Yamada, Makoto Ohtsu, Ichiro Kobayashi, Nobuaki Kawamura, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Tadashi Ariga, Yukio Sakiyama, David L. Nelson, Satoshi Tsuruta, Michiya Anakura, Nobuyoshi Ishikawa
Journal: Blood (1999)
A phase II study of vismodegib, a hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, combined with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) in patients (pts) with untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).
Authors: Ana De Jesus-Acosta, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Anirban Maitra, Zeshaan Rasheed, Lei Zheng, N. V. Rajeshkumar, Dung T. Le, Antje Hoering, Vanessa Bolejack, Shinichi Yabuuchi, Daniel A. Laheru
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

257 Background: The Hh pathway is overexpressed in PDA tumors. Pre-clinically, Hh inhibitors have demonstrated a reduction in pancreatic cancer stem cells (pCSC) and stroma. Vismodegib, an oral small-molecule antagonist of the Hh pathway, has previously been safely combined with Gemcitabine chemotherapy. Methods: Pts with untreated, metastatic PDA were treated with Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m 2 ) + nab-P (125 mg/m 2 ) on days 1, 8 and 15 of 28 days cycle. Vismodegib (150mg PO daily) was started on the second cycle. All drugs were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), and toxicity. Pre and post treatment tumor biopsies were obtained from primary or metastatic lesions. Results: 59 patients have been enrolled at 3 sites. Median age 60 (range 42-86); ECOG PS 0/1: 23 (40%)/ 34 (60%); male/female 32 (54%)/ 27 (46%). Estimated median PFS and OS in ITT population was 5.5 and 10 mo respectively (95% CI: 5.2-5.9 / 7.3-11). Of the 49 pts evaluable for response to date, 1 (2%) had CR, 20 (41%) had PR, 21 (43%) had SD and 7 (14%) had PD. Common Gr ≥3 toxicities: neutropenia 37.5% (n=21), anemia 21.4% (n=12), neuropathy 16.1% (n=9) and fatigue 9.4% (n=5). All patients with partial response had response within the primary pancreatic tumor. CA19-9 declines of &gt;70% occurred in 57% of patients with measurable levels. Conclusions: Addition of Vismodegib to Gemcitabine/nab-P is well tolerated in patients with untreated PDA. This trial is ongoing to complete 80 patients. Blood and tumor tissue biomarker analyses for stem cells, Hh signaling and stromal activity are ongoing and will be reported in ASCO GI 2014. Clinical trial information: NCT01088815.
Abstract 12579: Fragmented Qrs Complex on a 12-Lead Ecg in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A MRI Study
Authors: Marion Angue, Luc Lorgis, Alexandre Cochet, Carole Richard, Alain Lalande, Marianne Zeller, Philippe Buffet, Isabelle L'Huillier, Francois Brunotte, Yves Cottin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between a fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) and parameters of infarct size (IS) and no reflow assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with ac...
The rise and fall of the health glossies
Authors: Joanna Lyall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Magazines about mental illness and allergies are launched, but Health Which? folds 

From Vogue to Yachting World , in order to succeed in the competitive world of glossy magazine publishing it has always been vital to have a clear idea of who the readers are—and, to attract the right kind of advertising, how deep their pockets are. But over the past few months a couple of new “lifestyle” publications have emerged that define their readers not by their interests in haute couture or yachts, for example, but instead by their membership of a particular patient group—people with mental illness and people with allergies.

While there have long been consumer-style magazines for people with diabetes ( Balance , launched in 1961) and arthritis ( Arthritis Today ), these have been published by and circulated through relevant charities. What is different about therethere (launched this week for people with mental illness) and Allergy magazine is that their publishers plan, in the long term, to sell them over the news stands.

therethere , a glossy quarterly distributed through GP surgeries, has pop singer Britney Spears on the cover of the first issue, with the coverline “Britney returns. But is she …
Anti-PCSK9 Antibody Effectively Lowers Cholesterol in Patients With Statin Intolerance
Authors: Erik Stroes, David Colquhoun, David Sullivan, Fernando Civeira, Robert S. Rosenson, Gerald F. Watts, Eric Bruckert, Leslie Cho, Ricardo Dent, Beat Knusel, Allen Xue, Rob Scott, Scott M. Wasserman, Michael Rocco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 14527: Determinants of 3D Principal Strain, 3D Circumferential, 3D Longitudinal, and 3D Radial Strains
Authors: Aasha S Gopal, Rena S Toole, Nathaniel Reichek, Jie J Cao
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: 3D myocardial strain by speckle tracking echocardiography is thought to be more sensitive than EF in the detection of LV myocardial dysfunction. We compared 3D principal (P), circumfere...
Adult Patients With De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia and t(9; 11)(p22; q23) Have a Superior Outcome to Patients With Other Translocations Involving Band 11q23: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Authors: Krzysztof Mrózek, Kristiina Heinonen, David Lawrence, Andrew J. Carroll, Prasad R.K. Koduru, Kathleen W. Rao, Matthew P. Strout, Robert E. Hutchison, Joseph O. Moore, Robert J. Mayer, Charles A. Schiffer, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (1997)
Supersaturation induced by Itraconazole/Soluplus® micelles provided high GI absorption in vivo
Authors: Yue Zhong, Guanghui Jing, Bin Tian, Hao Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jingxin Gou, Xing Tang, Haibing He, Yanjiao Wang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

To investigate the effect of supersaturation induced by micelle formation during dissolution on the bioavailability of itraconazole (ITZ)/Soluplus® solid dispersion. Solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) were compressed into tablets directly with other excipients. Dissolution behavior of ITZ tablets was studied by dissolution testing and the morphology of micelles in dissolution media was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drug transferring from stomach into intestine was simulated to obtain a supersaturated drug solution. Bioavailability studies were performed on the ITZ tablets and Sporanox® in beagle dogs. The morphology of micelles in the dissolution media was observed to be spherical in shape, with an average size smaller than 100 nm. The supersaturated solutions formed by Soluplus® micelles were stable and no precipitation took place over a period of 180 min. Compared with Sporanox®, ITZ tablets exhibited a 2.50-fold increase in the AUC(0–96) of ITZ and a 1.95-fold increase in its active metabolite hydroxyitraconazole (OH-ITZ) in the plasma of beagle dogs. The results obtained provided clear evidence that not only the increase in the dissolution rate in the stomach, but also the supersaturation produced by micelles in the small intestine may be of great assistance in the successful development of poorly water-soluble drugs. The micelles formed by Soluplus® enwrapped the molecular ITZ inside the core which promoted the amount of free drug in the intestinal cavity and carried ITZ through the aqueous boundary layer (ABL), resulting in high absorption by passive transportation across biological membranes. The uptake of intact micelles through pinocytosis together with the inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in intestinal epithelia contributed to the absorption of ITZ in the gastrointestinal tract. These results indicate that HME with Soluplus®, which can induce supersaturation by micelle formation, may be of great assistance to the successful development of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Mortality and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Authors: M M Mower
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Sugiishi and Takatsu showed in their article in Circulation that smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm as verified by arteriography.'We recently demonstrated that smoking also in- creases the threshold for pain, a finding that might be relevant to the above observation.2When 20 healthy volunteers underwent an experimental model of pain (electrical current on the forearm), it was noted that the threshold of pain increased significantly after inhaling a single cigarette (+0.24±0.44 arbitrary units) compared with the control experiment without smoking (-0.01±0.35arbi- trary units).If confirmed by more elaborate studies, possibly on patients with congestive heart disease, our finding could mean that vasospasm may be prevalent in smokers, whereas its warning sign -"pain"-is reduced or even abolished by the effects of acute smoking.In other words, a doubly vicious action of acute smoking would have to be considered in which vasospasm is caused yet prevented from being felt.