tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Problem With Prematurity
Authors: Geoffrey Chamberlin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the United Kingdom common law allows a pregnancy to be terminated up to 28 weeks under unhappy circumstances. The fetus referred to came from a 14-year-old mentally defective girl who had been raped. She knew nothing of the pregnancy, nor could she tell us anything of its inception. The duration of 24 to 26 weeks was estimated from external evidence. Like Dr. Maxwell, we too think of the distress to women with unwanted pregnancies, especially when they have immature and unfathomable minds. Further, no doubt like Dr. Maxwell, we have watched helplessly while many badly wanted babies die of the respiratory distress syndrome. We try therefore, to take a balanced point of view in equating which is the least of several evils.
The French randomized optimal stenting trial: a prospective evaluation of provisional stenting guided by coronary velocity reserve and quantitative coronary angiography
Authors: Antoine Lafont, Jean L Dubois-Randé, Philippe G Steg, Patrick Dupouy, Didier Carrié, Pierre Coste, Alain Furber, Farzin Beygui, Laurent J Feldman, Saliha Rahal, Christophe Tron, Martial Hamon, Gilles Grollier, Philippe Commeau, Pascal Richard, Patrice Colin, Christophe Bauters, Gaetan Karrillon, François Ledru, Bernard Citron, François Noel Marié, Morton Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Methods for the evaluation of barrier creams
Authors: P.J. Dykes, R. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Barrier creams are used extensively in industry to protect the hands from chemical injury. They are also prescribed to protect the skin when inflamed from further damage in such conditions as hand eczema and napkin dermatitis. Despite their wide usage very little is known concerning their efficacy as there are no established methods for their assessment. In this study we describe a new technique for the evaluation of barrier creams and assess an adaptation of another recently described method. In the new technique the ability of barrier creams to prevent a variety of dyes in different solvents from contacting the skin has been assessed. The excluding properties of the barrier creams was measured by taking skin surface biopsies and measuring the amount of dye reaching the skin spectrophotometrically as a function of time from exposure. The other method assesses the ability of weak alkalis to cross the barrier cream by measuring the time taken to induce increased blood flow (measured by the laser Doppler flow meter) after application of the test materials. Both tests succeeded in demonstrating that barrier creams inhibit the penetration of the test substances. However, the barrier properties were time‐dependent as well as varying with the particular preparation used. For example, using 0·1 % methyl violet in water as a test substance it was found that a ‘water barrier’ preparation inhibited penetration to skin up to 90% of control values at 15 min, but only 75% at i hour, whereas the figures for a solvent barrier were 72% and 55%‐ We believe that such assessments are vital in order both to understand the properties of barrier creams and recommend their correct usage.
Age-specific carcinogenesis: environmental exposure and susceptibility.
Authors: R D Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Environmental exposures in children may occur through many routes, including diet, air, and the ingestion of various nonfood items such as medications and household materials. This article focuses on dietary exposure, but it does highlight the importance of considering other routes of exposure when assessing exposure in children. It presents many of the findings in the two recent reports, Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children and Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)/National Research Council (NRC). Diet is an important source of exposure for children to potential carcinogens. The trace quantities of chemicals present on or in foodstuffs are termed residues. In addition, there are substances that children may be exposed to in air and water that should be considered in a total exposure analysis. To minimize exposure of the general population to chemical residues in food, water, and air, the U.S. government has instituted regulatory controls. These are intended to limit exposures to residues while ensuring an abundant and nutritious food supply, and safe drinking water and air. The legislative framework for these controls was established by the Congress through various local and state laws and such federal laws as the Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and the Clean Air Act (CAA). This article summarizes current approaches to assessing exposure and susceptibility in children.
Pain: The Science and Culture of Why We Hurt
Authors: Paul Keeley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A colleague in my specialty once wrote a great aphorism: “The human body is not at all like a machine: it is more like a weather system, inherently unstable and unpredictable.” Pain is one of those parts of human experience where the interaction of body, mind, and—if you believe in such things—spirit or soul do not have clear boundaries. Pain can be a simple somatic experience, but such a pure experience is rare, and the norm is that the experience is somatopsychic. Hence …
Transient Cataracts and Hyperosmolar Coma in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Stephen C Hunt, Patrick Snow
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Hyperosmolar coma heralding diabetes mellitus has been reported in at least a dozen pediatric patients1–6 since initial recognition of the phenomenon in 1957.7 We recently treated a child with this entity. The patient developed transient cataracts during the acute episode. He demonstrated a favorable clinical response in the face of profound laboratory and clinical abnormalities, with complete resolution of the cataracts. Few cases of evanescent cataracts have been reported in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.8 To our knowledge this is the first report of this finding in a patient with hyperosmolar coma.
A nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase, M40403, inhibits dose-limiting hypotension associated with interleukin-2 and increases its antitumor effects
Authors: Wolfram E Samlowski, Ryan Petersen, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Heather Macarthur, Damali Burton, John R McGregor, Daniela Salvemini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Increased Susceptibility to Colitis-Associated Cancer of Mice Lacking <i>TIR8</i>, an Inhibitory Member of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Family
Authors: Cecilia Garlanda, Federica Riva, Tania Veliz, Nadia Polentarutti, Fabio Pasqualini, Enrico Radaelli, Marina Sironi, Manuela Nebuloni, Elisabetta Omodeo Zorini, Eugenio Scanziani, Alberto Mantovani
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract TIR8 (also known as SIGIRR) is a member of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor family with inhibitory activity on inflammatory reactions and high expression in intestinal mucosa. Here, we report that Tir8-deficient mice exhibited a dramatic intestinal inflammation in response to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) administration in terms of weight loss, intestinal bleeding, and mortality and showed increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis in response to azoxymethane and DSS. Increased susceptibility to colitis-associated cancer was associated to increased permeability and local production of prostaglandin E2, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Thus, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that TIR8, by negatively regulating intestinal inflammation, plays a nonredundant role in the control of the protumor activity of chronic inflammation in the gut. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6017–21]
Expression of NOS1 and soluble guanylyl cyclase by human kidney epithelial cells: Morphological evidence for an autocrine/paracrine action of nitric oxide
Authors: Anne Jarry, Karine Renaudin, Marc G. Denis, Myriam Robard, Bénédicte Buffin-Meyer, Georges Karam, Françoise Buzelin, Hervé Paris, Christian L. Laboisse, Geneviève Vallette
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
The Hazard of Ingested Alkaline Disk Batteries in Children
Authors: Theodore P. Votteler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We have treated eight cases of childhood ingestion of alkaline disk batteries, one resulting in an esophagotracheal fistula. These batteries are capable of rapid tissue destruction on contact with moist membranes. We recommend that packaging include proper warning of this hazard and urge that retained batteries be promptly removed from the esophagus and stomach by endoscopy or laparotomy. If the battery has reached the small intestine, further transit should be monitored carefully by roentgenographic studies until recovery. Perforation is possible after eight-hour retention at a specific site. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2504-2506)
Cardiovascular Complications of Imipramine Intoxication
Authors: Michael H. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 2 1/2-year-old boy died as a result of cardiovascular complications of imipramine hydrochloride overdosage. Through a direct toxic effect on the myocardium, imipramine lowers myocardial contractility and cardiac output with resultant hypotension. Cardiac arrhythmias are also a constant feature of imipramine toxicity. Since there is no specific antidote to imipramine, treatment of over-dosage with this drug must be directed at its life-threatening circulatory and respiratory manifestations if the patient is to stand any chance for survival.
A Practical Method for the Aseptic Preparation of Human Platelet Concentrates without Loss of Other Blood Elements
Authors: Edmund Klein, Pearl Arnold, Robert T. Earl, Eric Wake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

AS a further modification1 of the method described by Gardner, Howell and Hirsch,2 a closed plastic system (Fig. 1) has been designed for the primary purpose of concentrating human platelets. At the same time the separation of other blood elements and the aseptic removal of aliquots of whole blood or blood components are facilitated. This system eliminates the risk of contamination and mismatching of red cells and plasma.The donor's vein is entered by means of a needle coated with a hemo-repellent agent.* After the steel ball is released, the blood enters the first bag, where it is mixed with . . .
AN UNUSUAL CYST
Authors: Paul E. N. Greeley
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Mrs. W. S., aged about 46, of Arapahoe, Neb., mother of a boy of 16, entered the hospital, Aug. 21, 1923. Her general health had always been good, with regular menstruations, until two years previous, when menstruation ceased. Her face was pinched, her skin flabby and cold. Her whole condition seemed subnormal. About fifteen years ago she first noticed an increase in the size of the abdomen and felt that she had a "tumor"; but as two sisters had had tumors and had died following operation, she had refused any operative procedure until she made her visit to Illinois. During these years her weight had increased from 100 to 176½ pounds (from 45 to 80 kg.), the weight at the time of her appearance. A diagnosis was made of tubal or ovarian cyst. The tumor was so large that it reached nearly to her knees. Walking was difficult, owing to
Transmission of pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza on passenger aircraft: retrospective cohort study
Authors: M. G. Baker, C. N. Thornley, C. Mills, S. Roberts, S. Perera, J. Peters, A. Kelso, I. Barr, N. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To assess the risk of transmission of pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza (pandemic A/H1N1) from an infected high school group to other passengers on an airline flight and the effectiveness of screening and follow-up of exposed passengers.Retrospective cohort investigation using a questionnaire administered to passengers and laboratory investigation of those with symptoms.Auckland, New Zealand, with national and international follow-up of passengers.Passengers seated in the rear section of a Boeing 747-400 long haul flight that arrived on 25 April 2009, including a group of 24 students and teachers and 97 (out of 102) other passengers in the same section of the plane who agreed to be interviewed.Laboratory confirmed pandemic A/H1N1 infection in susceptible passengers within 3.2 days of arrival; sensitivity and specificity of influenza symptoms for confirmed infection; and completeness and timeliness of contact tracing.Nine members of the school group were laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic A/H1N1 infection and had symptoms during the flight. Two other passengers developed confirmed pandemic A/H1N1 infection, 12 and 48 hours after the flight. They reported no other potential sources of infection. Their seating was within two rows of infected passengers, implying a risk of infection of about 3.5% for the 57 passengers in those rows. All but one of the confirmed pandemic A/H1N1 infected travellers reported cough, but more complex definitions of influenza cases had relatively low sensitivity. Rigorous follow-up by public health workers located 93% of passengers, but only 52% were contacted within 72 hours of arrival.A low but measurable risk of transmission of pandemic A/H1N1 exists during modern commercial air travel. This risk is concentrated close to infected passengers with symptoms. Follow-up and screening of exposed passengers is slow and difficult once they have left the airport.
Lymphangiomatosis With Splenic Involvement
Authors: Sara Avigad
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Severe splenomegaly and anemia developed in a 5-year-old girl with diffuse lymphangiomatosis of the upper part of the body. Radioisotope scanning and celiac angiography demonstrated lymphangiomatosis of the spleen, a rare but diagnosable condition. Intractable infection in areas of ulcerated skin led to her death from overwhelming sepsis. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2315-2317, 1976)
Challenges to the Common Dogma
Authors: Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Some 15 years ago, Gane (now Dr. Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Professor and iCORE Chair in Biosystems Informatics, University of Alberta, Canada) and I were staring at a set of plots and scratching our heads, wondering why there was a negative GC-content gradient when we aligned human transcripts from 5′ to 3′ to the genome. Until we had published several papers on other more interesting issues based on analyses of human genome sequences and variations [1], [2], [3] and found the same phenomenon from the rice genes a few years later [4], [5], had we realized the importance of this nearly universal feature albeit variable from bacteria to human [6]. Thinking along the line, we also did another exploratory experiment at University of Washington, taking the advantage of the Environmental Genome Project supported by NIH’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, to re-sequence a couple hundred genes, of course including some interesting introns, especially those that are small in size (a median of 78 bp; also called minimal intron). The effort led to a realization of natural selection on functional sequence elements [7] in addition to just protein-coding sequences that can be evaluated with different methods [8], [9], [10].
Locally advanced breast cancer.
Authors: B Windeyer, S Dische
Journal: BMJ (1973)

long-term availability of reprints means that the reports will be more accessible to a wider audience than much work which is convention- ally published.One important feature of the I.R.C.S. is that it will provide ready access to work done in non-English-speaking parts of the world.At the mome:nt scitntists from such countries are usu- ally fully aware of what is published in English language journals.The reverse is unfortunately rarely true, and many English speakers seem to assume arrogantly if subconsciously that "if it's not in English it can-t be good."The I.R.C.S. offers an ideal method for the com- munication of results from non-English-speaking countries and there are already clear indications that it is being very warmly welcomed in Europe, the Soviet Union, and Japan.
Galactorrhea in Men
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To  Editor.—  A recent CLINICAL NOTE (240: 2565, 1978) points out that galactorrhea in men is a rare disorder. An ancient description of this condition is found in  secondcentury Babylonian Talmud (Tractate Shabbathp 53b). It once happened that a man's wife died and left a child to be suckled. He could not afford to pay a wet nurse, whereupon a miracle occurred: His breasts opened like  two breasts of a woman, and he suckled his infant himself. This man certainly had galactorrhea, albeit by Divine intervention.  Elsewhere (Tractate Machshirin6:7),  Talmud also speaks of the milk of a male. In his classic book on biblical and talmudic medicine, Preuss1states that Aristotle observed lactation from  mammary glands of men (Historia Animalium3. 20. 102).
Importance of venodilatation in prevention of left ventricular dilatation after chronic large myocardial infarction in rats: a comparison of captopril and hydralazine.
Authors: T E Raya, R G Gay, M Aguirre, S Goldman
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

In rats with large myocardial infarctions, we compared the effects of captopril, a presumed arterial and venous vasodilator, with hydralazine, which is thought primarily to be an arterial vasodilator. To determine if the effects of captopril were dependent on the pathophysiological consequences of heart failure, we also studied a group of noninfarcted rats treated with captopril. In noninfarcted rats treated with captopril, left ventricular (LV) systolic and mean aortic pressures decreased from 132 +/- 12 to 107 +/- 15 mm Hg and 122 +/- 1 to 100 +/- 2, respectively (p less than 0.01). In noninfarcted rats, captopril decreased LV weight, LV weight/body weight, and total heart weight/body weight but produced no effects on the peripheral venous circulation. Rats subjected to coronary artery ligation were selected by ECG criteria to have large myocardial infarctions and were treated for 4 weeks with captopril (n = 8), hydralazine (n = 5), or placebo (n = 9). In infarcted rats treated with captopril, LV systolic, mean aortic pressures and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased (p less than 0.01) from 115 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 3 mm Hg, 106 +/- 4 to 74 +/- 3 mm Hg, and 23 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively. Mean circulatory filling pressure decreased (p less than 0.05) from 11.2 +/- 0.6 to 8.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg and venous compliance increased (p less than 0.05) from 2.04 +/- 0.07 to 2.70 +/- 0.20 ml/mm Hg/kg. Blood volume decreased (p less than 0.05) from 67.3 +/- 0.9 to 58.2 +/- 1.8 ml/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tests for Detecting Breast Cancer
Authors: J. STEPHEN BOHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1986Tests for Detecting Breast CancerJ. STEPHEN BOHAN, M.D.J. STEPHEN BOHAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-445_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Mushlin (1) claims that for the detection of breast cancer, the sensitivity of self-examination is 35%, that of physician examination is 38%, and that of mammography is 75%. In the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (2), 734 cases of cancer were detected by mammography, of which 322 were in patients with normal physical findings. Should we not conclude from this that women in certain age groups or with certain risk factors simply should have yearly mammography separately from any physical examination? I appreciate additional issues such as the doctor-patient relationship and the advice on the outcome...References1. MUSHLIN A. Diagnostic tests in breast cancer: clinical strategies based on diagnostic probabilities. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:79-85. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BEAHRS O, SHAPIRO S, and SMART C. Report of the working group to review the National Cancer Institute-American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Detecting Demonstration Project. JNCI. 1979;62:639-99. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. STEPHEN BOHAN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1986Volume 104, Issue 3Page: 445-445KeywordsAge groupsBreast cancerMammographyMedical risk factors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lp(a) Lipoprotein — Coping with Heterogeneity
Authors: Angelo M Scanu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In persons who are fasting, lipids circulate in the plasma as constituents of lipoprotein particles that are defined on the basis of their density as very-low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins. The lipoproteins categorized as very-low, low, and intermediate density, although differing in the content and composition of their lipid core, have in common 1 mol of apolipoprotein B-100 per particle. Subclasses that have special biologic importance have been recognized, such as the small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which have greater atherogenic potential than their large, buoyant counterparts.In addition to LDL, the plasma contains particles, called Lp(a) lipoprotein, . . .
Viral infections in travellers from tropical Africa.
Authors: A W Woodruff, E T Bowen, G S Platt
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Examination of sera from 86 travellers to Britain from tropical Africa disclosed evidence of past infection with 10 identifiable viruses, of which the most important were O'nyong-nyong, dengue, chikungunya, and Ntaya. The findings indicate that infection with O'nyong-nyong may be acquired sporadically in Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, where it has not previously been identified. Chikungunya infection had not been recorded in West Africa other than Nigeria and Senegal. Patients from Sierra Leone and contiguous Liberia had antibodies to this infection. An outbread of dengue fever in the Seychelles in early 1977 was confirmed. Ntaya virus, though known in Uganda, Cameroon, and Zaire, appears also to be transmitted in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zambia. Clinical studies indicated that chikungunya infection may present with alimentary features, possibly with jaundice. The clinical features of Ntaya infection may include kizarre neurological manifestations in addition to fever. The absence of Lassa antibodies among these travellers suggested that this infection is not a common hazard among such persons.