tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ciliary Polycystin-2 Is a Mechanosensitive Calcium Channel Involved in Nitric Oxide Signaling Cascades
Authors: Wissam A. AbouAlaiwi, Maki Takahashi, Blair R. Mell, Thomas J. Jones, Shobha Ratnam, Robert J. Kolb, Surya M. Nauli
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Cardiovascular complications such as hypertension are a continuous concern in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The PKD2 encoding for polycystin-2 is mutated in ≈15% of ADPKD patients. Here, we show that polycystin-2 is localized to the cilia of mouse and human vascular endothelial cells. We demonstrate that the normal expression level and localization of polycystin-2 to cilia is required for the endothelial cilia to sense fluid shear stress through a complex biochemical cascade, involving calcium, calmodulin, Akt/PKB, and protein kinase C. In response to fluid shear stress, mouse endothelial cells with knockdown or knockout of Pkd2 lose the ability to generate nitric oxide (NO). Consistent with mouse data, endothelial cells generated from ADPKD patients do not show polycystin-2 in the cilia and are unable to sense fluid flow. In the isolated artery, we further show that ciliary polycystin-2 responds specifically to shear stress and not to mechanical stretch, a pressurized biomechanical force that involves purinergic receptor activation. We propose a new role for polycystin-2 in transmitting extracellular shear stress to intracellular NO biosynthesis. Thus, aberrant expression or localization of polycystin-2 to cilia could promote high blood pressure because of inability to synthesize NO in response to an increase in shear stress (blood flow).
Voluntary patients are being kept on locked wards, says commission
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Voluntary patients are being kept on locked psychiatric wards with restricted patients and are at risk of being unlawfully deprived of their liberty, the Care Quality Commission concludes in its first annual report on the use of the Mental Health Act.

The commission, the independent regulator for health and social care in England which took over responsibility for monitoring the use of the act in April 2009, said more people than ever were being detained under its provisions.

Figures from the NHS Information Centre show that the numbers of formal admissions to hospital were …
A Promiscuous Oncogene in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Michael L. Cleary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Acute leukemias result from acquired genetic lesions that activate cellular proto-oncogenes or inactivate tumor-suppressor genes, leading to the loss of growth control in blood-forming cells. In these leukemias, exchanges of genetic information between chromosomes (translocations) are frequently responsible for converting cellular genes to oncogenes by repositioning them at new chromosomal sites. Recent cytogenetic and molecular studies have revealed a remarkable diversity of human genes that, when altered, may contribute to the development of tumors. In this issue of the Journal, Thirman et al.1 describe more than 20 different rearrangements of a single gene in primary acute leukemias, all of which . . .
Presentation of Gastric Carcinoma on a Radionuclide Gastric-Emptying Study
Authors: Frank V. Schraml, William H. Krueger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

We present a case of unsuspected gastric carcinoma discovered as a result of abnormalities seen on a sulfur colloid gastric-emptying study. Considered a functional or physiological analysis, often relatively little attention is given to the morphology of the stomach except for the purpose of drawing a region of interest. This case, in which the images suggested a space-occupying lesion(s), emphasizes the importance of careful examination for "pathoanatomy" as well as pathophysiology in functional imaging.
Hallucinogenic Drugs and Their Psychotherapeutic Use.
Authors: Harold A. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Although hallucinogenic drugs have been used for various purposes for centuries, serious medical studies of them began only about one century ago. In more recent years the use of compounds like D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), as well as congeners and derivatives, has become the subject of scientific scrutiny. Of major interest to the practicing physician is the value of these compounds either as therapeutic agents or as adjuncts to psychotherapy. While the evaluation of the psychotherapeutic procedure itself is certainly not readily achieved statistically, the psychopharmacologic action of these drugs can be and has been determined by replicable techniques on man. More than 1,000 papers have appeared on the general aspect of the subject since 1943. Previous conferences have tried to integrate results and to clarify the value of these drugs. The present volume covers an extended conference of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association in 1961. Here are reported the papers
Acetone potentiation of chronic liver injury induced by repetitive administration of carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Michel Charbonneau, Beatriz Tuchweber, Gabriel L. Plaa
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The ability of ketonic compounds to modify the chronic liver injury (cirrhosis) induced by haloalkanes is unknown. To investigate this problem, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated p.o. twice weekly for 12 weeks with acetone (25 mmoles per kg in corn oil) or corn oil alone (10 ml per kg). The rats were treated p.o. with corn oil (10 ml per kg) or CCl 4 (5 mmoles per kg in corn oil) 18 hr after each pretreatment. Animals were killed after 4, 8, 10 or 12 weeks of treatment. Liver-kidney/body weight ratios were computed; biochemical analyses were performed on plasma (ALT, bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen) and liver (collagen) samples. For the 10-week group, liver injury was assessed by a morphometric analysis. Body weight gain was slower in acetone-treated rats given CCl 4 ;35% died. Compared to corn oil + CCl 4 -treated rats, acetone + CCl 4 -treated animals showed significantly lower liver weight/body weight ratios and higher kidney weight/body weight ratio values at all four times. Significantly higher levels occurred at all four times for bilirubin concentrations, and at 4, 8 and 10 weeks for collagen contents. No significant differences were observed in ALT activities between corn oil- and acetone-treated rats challenged with CCl 4 . Light microscopy revealed that after 10 weeks of treatment, acetone + CCl 4 -treated animals showed a fully developed cirrhosis, whereas a much less severe lesion was observed in corn oil + CCl 4 -treated rats. Evidence of nephrotoxicity was observed in the acetone + CCl 4 group as exemplified by significantly elevated blood urea nitrogen values. We conclude that acetone treatment increases the extent of fibrosis and accelerates the appearance of cirrhosis induced by CCl 4 .
Is Miss America an Undernourished Role Model?
Authors: Sharon Rubinstein, Benjamin Caballero
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood: Atlas and Sourcebook of Hematology
Authors: Steven O. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In the preface, the authors make clear their intention that their book be "comprehensible rather than comprehensive, inclusive but concise." They have succeeded admirably. Primarily an atlas, the quality of the photographs is, almost without exception, excellent. The text, tailored to an explanation of the illustrated material, is usually comprehensive and demonstrates the detailed, personal, and expert knowledge of meticulous observers. The writing is delightful, not dryly narrative. Blood and aspirated marrow are covered, including both the vulgar and the exotic. Each topic has a detailed bibliography that is remarkably current. The two main defects of the book are the absence of illustrations or references to some of the newer staining techniques and the lack of illustrations of those conditions in which core biopsies of the marrow are necessary for diagnosis because of "dry taps." This book can teach the uninitiated and delight the expert.
Bad medicine: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

No one ever got sued for doing too much. Accordingly, 60% of the UK patients prescribed statins are considered at low risk—that is, they do not need treatment.1 2 But doctors are treating cholesterol concentrations. No one is interested in the abstract concept of risk. It’s easier to do something than nothing. However, while a diagnosis may last only a moment on the doctor’s lips it can hang for a lifetime around patients’ necks. It can destroy wellbeing and relationships forever. Accurate diagnosis is fundamental, but we are engaged in a pandemic of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.⇑

The accurate …
Practical Blood Transfusion
Authors: R. D. Langdell
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The authors intend this book primarily for physicians and technical personnel regularly concerned with the operation of blood donor or transfusion services. In this regard, the book will be most helpful to physicians and technologists early in their blood-banking experience. There is a wealth of practical information included and the index is usable. Those individuals with experience in the blood-banking field will find the book of interest in that it complements the procedural manuals of the American Association of Blood Banks and the American National Red Cross. The book is easy to read and describes all aspects of blood banking. Some parts, such as the chapter on hazards of transfusion, should interest all physicians who treat patients by prescribing blood and blood products. The chapter on hemolytic disease of the newborn contains information of importance to the obstetrician and pediatrician. The chapters on basic blood group immunology and blood group
HLA-G-specific microRNAs a novel approach for targeting tumors
Authors: Simon Jasinski-Bergner, Arndt Hartmann, Verena Spath, Stefan Huettelmaier, Juliane Braun, Juergen Bukur, Barbara Seliger
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Immune inhibitory molecules on immune cells as well as on tumor cells appear to play a key role in modulating the immunogenicity of tumors and the efficacy of immunotherapies. One mediator is represented by the non-classical HLA-G antigen, which is often overexpressed in human
Hay-Fever Treatment by Dunbar's Remedies (Pollantin).
Authors: John F. Barnhill
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Indianapolis, Aug. 6, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I can heartily agree with all that Dr. Ingals has stated concerning pollantin. A year ago I reported two sets of hay-fever cases, one treated by pollantin and the other by the use of quinin locally in the form of a saturated solution sprayed into the nose and followed by an ointment of the same drug, as recommended by Helmholtz many years ago. My success with the simple quinin preparation was greater than with pollantin. I regard the literature accompanying the preparation very objectionable; it is impossible to prescribe pollantin for the patient without him learning all about the remedy he is using.
Little yellow cold pills
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3></h3> These are initial findings of ongoing, phase 1 multiple ascending-dose gene transfer trial of ≤9 LGMD2E patients who received rAAVrh74.MHCK7.SGCB (NCT03652259). Participants: patients 4–15y, confirmed β-sarcoglycan (SGCB) mutation (both alleles), negative for rAAVrh74 antibodies, &gt;40%n on 100-meter timed test. Patients received single IV infusion of 5x1013 vg/kg rAAVrh74.MHCK7.SGCB. Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day was initiated 1d before gene delivery, tapering after 30d. Primary endpoints: ≥20% SGCB-positive fibers (Day-60 muscle biopsy) and safety (Day 270). Secondary endpoints: CK decrease and functional endpoints (Day 270). First 3 patients enrolled (age 13[n=2]; age 4[n=1]): robust SGCB expression observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with a mean of 51% SGCB positive fibers (range 42–63%) expressing a mean 47% intensity (range 38–57%). Co-localization of β-sarcoglycan observed (IHC). Western blot showed a mean 36.1% SGCB expression vs normal (range 34–39%). Mean CK levels reduced by 82%, suggesting slowed muscle destruction. Two patients had elevated liver enzymes (1 serious) and 1 had elevated bilirubin following oral steroid taper, which returned to baseline. Two patients had transient mild nausea, corresponding with increased steroid dosing. No other clinically significant lab findings. Gene transfer in LGMD2E patients following rAAVrh74.MHCK7.SGCB infusion was positive for defined endpoints, demon- strating potential benefits of a rationally designed delivery system. jrichardson@sarepta.com
Adiponectin and resistin protect steatotic livers undergoing transplantation
Authors: Mónica B. Jiménez-Castro, Araní Casillas-Ramírez, Mariana Mendes-Braz, Marta Massip-Salcedo, Jordi Gracia-Sancho, María Elias-Miró, Juan Rodés, Carmen Peralta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Developmental Sequence From Disruptive Behavior Diagnosis to Adolescent Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Samuel Kuperman, Steven S. Schlosser, John R. Kramer, Kathleen Bucholz, Victor Hesselbrock, Theodore Reich, Wendy Reich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The authors sought to clinically describe the relationship of disruptive behavior disorders with both alcohol dependence and the use of a variety of substances.The Child Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism was used to collect data on 54 adolescents with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The frequency and age at onset of the disruptive behavior disorder diagnoses were examined as well as age at first use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other street drugs.Nearly three-quarters of the alcohol-dependent adolescents had at least one disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically occurred first, followed by conduct disorder. Substance use began with alcohol or tobacco, followed by marijuana and then other street drugs. Alcohol dependence began significantly later than the onset of either ADHD or conduct disorder and significantly later than the first use of tobacco.Disruptive behavior diagnoses, particularly conduct disorder, typically precede the initiation of use of a variety of substances that, in turn, precede the diagnosis of alcohol dependence in adolescents.
Allelic loss of chromosome 4q21 ≍ 23 associates with hepatitis B Virus—related hepatocarcinogenesis and elevated alpha-fetoprotein
Authors: Shiou-Hwei Yeh, Ming-Wei Lin, Shu-Fen Lu, Dai-Chen Wu, Shih-Feng Tsai, Ching-Yi Tsai, Ming-Yang Lai, Hey-Chi Hsu, Ding-Shinn Chen, Pei-Jer Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Allelic loss of chromosome 4q is one of the most frequent genetic aberrations found in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and suggests the presence of putative tumor suppressor genes within this region. To precisely define the region containing these tumor suppressor genes for further positional cloning, we tried a detailed deletion mapping strategy in 149 HCCs by using 49 microsatellite markers covering 4q12 ≈ 25. A common region with allelic loss has been identified based on the interstitial deletions occurring within it; this region is found between D4S1534 and D4S1572 (a 17.5-cM genetic interval). When we included all cases with limited aberration regions for comparison, 2 smaller regions were derived: 1 between D4S1534 and D4S2460 (3.52 cM) and 1 between D4S2433 and D4S1572 (8.44 cM). A few candidate genes were found to be down-regulated in HCCs, but without sequence mutations. In these HCCs, 4q alleleic loss was associated with hepatitis B virus infection status and the elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (≥400 ng/mL). In conclusion, the current study not only mapped a common allelic loss region on chromosome 4q, but it also revealed that its loss may be involved in hepatitis B virus--related hepatocarcinogenesis and the elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein. (Hepatology 2004;40:847-854).
Genetics for Medical Students
Authors: James C. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<b>Medical Genetics: Principles and Practice,</b>by James J. Nora and F. Clarke Fraser, 399 pp, 226 illus, $20, Lea &amp; Febiger, 1974. These two books illustrate two ways of presenting a subject to the student. Ford writes an extended essay explaining how the principles of genetics apply to medicine. Nora and Fraser describe the syndromes of genetic disease in a framework of principles. During the last 20 years, medicine, like most subjects, has been enormously engorged by the information explosion; genetics has been revolutionized by the development of molecular biology. Today, anyone writing of medical genetics must digest these two new<i>corpora</i>and assimilate them into the traditional discipline. In this respect, neither of these two works can be cited as entirely satisfactory. Ford is best known for developing the concept of polymorphism and emphasizing its role in evolution. In the first edition of this book in 1942, he introduced
Clustering of Childhood IDDM: Links with age and place of residence
Authors: Graham R Law, Patricia A McKinney, Anthony Staines, Rhys Williams, Mike Kelly, Freda Alexander, Estelle Gilman, H Jonathan Bodansky
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To improve understanding of the etiology of IDDM by analyzing spatial and space-time distribution of the incidence in children.Statistical tests to detect clustering were applied to a population-based register of 1,490 children (aged 0-16 years) with IDDM in Yorkshire, northern England. The Knox test analyzed clustering in space and time, and the Potthoff-Whittinghill test quantified spatial differences in incidence between small-area census units (electoral wards). The Potthoff-Whittinghill test was conditioned for childhood population density and deprivation (Townsend index).Both tests demonstrated clustering of IDDM in Yorkshire children. Space-time and spatial clustering is strongest in the younger children (0-4 and 5-9 years of age), even after conditioning for known associations. Clustering was more common in the county of Humberside during the years 1982-1985 and in wards of low population density (< 0.26 0- to 16 year-old subjects per hectare).The study revealed a nonrandom space-time distribution of IDDM in children not accounted for by known covarying demographic factors. The Potthoff-Whittinghill test has not previously been applied to childhood IDDM. The new finding of strong clustering in young children is consistent with early exposure, possibly in utero, to infectious agents or localized environmental sources.
Acute Urinary Suppression after Ureteral Catheterization
Authors: Jonas H. Sirota, Lester Narins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SEVERE oliguria or anuria is a rare but serious sequel of ureteral catheterization. The term "reflex anuria" has been applied to this phenomenon, implying that the suppression of urine flow is the result of neurogenic factors somehow initiated by ureteral manipulation and mediated through the autonomic nervous system. Painful physical and psychic stimuli have been shown to produce depression of renal blood flow1 and liberation of antidiuretic hormone.2 However, these effects are short-lived and are never so profound as to produce life-threatening anuria.We have had the opportunity of studying 3 patients with severe oliguria and rapidly progressive azotemia after . . .
Double-blind experiments on the effect of a peanut extract on the bleeding incidence in 92 haemophiliacs.
Authors: M Verstraete, C A Ruys
Journal: BMJ (1967)

the two diseases have different excretory patterns: PV with relatively high faecal porphyrins but mostly normal urinary ALA and PBG, PAI with near normal faecal porphyrins but high ALA and PBG in the urine.Two different interpretations of the findings regarding these disease pictures have been given.One interpretation, repre- sented among others by Dean, Barnes, and the Malmo group, is that they are fundamentally different.The other, with Watson (1960) as the chief advocate, is that they are "mixed" and that some members for some reason or other also develop skin sensitivity.The most elegant way to prove that the diseases are different would be if they could be shown to be linked and not linked to some well-defined heritable condition.Such studies on our very extensive material are now in progress. SummayThe three first families with porphyria variegata from Sweden are described.Two of them are descended from Smaland, in southern Sweden.In spite of tracing the families back to the beginning and middle of the nineteenth century no relationship has been found with any family in which acute porphyria intermittens has occurred.In all, 24 cases of por- phyria variegata are reported-5 manifest and 19 latent.
Riboflavin Lowers Homocysteine in Individuals Homozygous for the <i>MTHFR</i> 677C→T Polymorphism
Authors: Helene McNulty, Le Roy C. Dowey, J.J. Strain, Adrian Dunne, Mary Ward, Anne M. Molloy, Liadhan B. McAnena, Joan P. Hughes, Mary Hannon-Fletcher, John M. Scott
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Meta-analyses predict that a 25% lowering of plasma homocysteine would reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 11% to 16% and stroke by 19% to 24%. Individuals homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism have reduced MTHFR enzyme activity resulting from the inappropriate loss of the riboflavin cofactor, but it is unknown whether their typically high homocysteine levels are responsive to improved riboflavin status.From a register of 680 healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age of known MTHFR 677C-->T genotype, we identified 35 with the homozygous (TT) genotype and age-matched individuals with heterozygous (CT, n=26) or wild-type (CC, n=28) genotypes to participate in an intervention in which participants were randomized by genotype group to receive 1.6 mg/d riboflavin or placebo for a 12-week period. Supplementation increased riboflavin status to the same extent in all genotype groups (8% to 12% response in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; P<0.01 in each case). However, homocysteine responded only in the TT group, with levels decreasing by as much as 22% overall (from 16.1+/-1.5 to 12.5+/-0.8 micromol/L; P=0.003; n=32) and markedly so (by 40%) in those with lower riboflavin status at baseline (from 22.0+/-2.9 and 13.2+/-1.0 micromol/L; P=0.010; n=16). No homocysteine response was observed in the CC or CT groups despite being preselected for suboptimal riboflavin status.Although previously overlooked, homocysteine is highly responsive to riboflavin, specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Our findings might explain why this common polymorphism carries an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Europe but not in North America, where riboflavin fortification has existed for >50 years.