tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of adding mFOLFOX6 after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicentre, phase 2 trial
Authors: Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Oliver S Chow, David D Smith, Jorge E Marcet, Peter A Cataldo, Madhulika G Varma, Anjali S Kumar, Samuel Oommen, Theodore Coutsoftides, Steven R Hunt, Michael J Stamos, Charles A Ternent, Daniel O Herzig, Alessandro Fichera, Blase N Polite, David W Dietz, Sujata Patil, Karin Avila
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Circulating desmosine relates to cardiovascular comorbidity, coronary artery calcification score (CACS), systemic inflammation and mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Roberto Rabinovich, Bruce Millar, Karolina Wrobel, Gourag Chaudhury, Kareshma Ranjit, Ellen Drost, Lisa Edwards, David Lomas, Stephen Rennard, Alvar Agusti, Ruth Tal-Singer, Jørgen Vestbo, Emiel Wouters, Edwin J.R. Van Beek, John Murchison, William MacNee, Jeffrey Huang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction 

COPD is a risk factor for cardiovascular comorbidities. Elastin degradation represents a shared mechanism for the pulmonary and vascular features.

Methods and results 

Plasma desmosine (pDES), a marker of elastin degradation, was measured in 955 COPD patients (609 male, age 63.1±7.2 years, FEV1 50.6±15.1 %predicted) by an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method. Coronary artery calcification (CACS), a surrogate of atherosclerosis, was assessed in 440 standard CT scan images (low  1000 AU).

Results 

pDES was elevated in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities (p<0.01) and correlated with FEV1 (r=0.39, p<0.0001), MMRC (r=0.16, p<0.0001), 6MWD (r=-0.16, p<0.0001), BODE index (r=0.10, p<0.005), fibrinogen, IL6, IL8, CCL18, and SPD but not with emphysema . These variables showed significant higher values in the patients in the highest pDES quartile. pDES was elevated in patients with very high CACS in comparison with patients with lower CACS and in patients that died during a 3 year follow-up (p<0.0001).

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion 

pDES relates to lung function, systemic inflammation, cardiovascular comorbidities, and CACS in patients with COPD. pDES is a predictor of all cause overall mortality.

The ECLIPSE study (GSK Study No. SCO104960, [NCT00292552][2]) was sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline.

 [1]: pending:yes
 [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00292552&atom=%2Ferj%2F44%2FSuppl_58%2FP2028.atom
Differences in parental‐ and self‐report of asthma, rhinitis and eczema among Italian adolescents
Authors: E. Renzoni, F. Forastiere, A Biggeri, G Viegi, L Bisanti, E Chellini, G Ciccone, G Corbo, C Galassi, F Rusconi, P. Sestini, None on behalf of the Sidria collaborative group
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Epidemiological and clinical information on respiratory and allergic disorders in adolescents has been collected from the adolescents themselves or from their parents, but little is known about the differences between these two sources of information. This study compared the responses to 10 identically worded questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire on asthma, rhinitis and eczema between written self- and parent-completed questionnaires in a large sample of 21,068 adolescent Italians aged 13-14 yrs. The effects of sex, latitude of residence, urbanization, socioeconomic status, previous diagnosis of asthma, family history of allergic diseases and adolescent9s smoking habits on the prevalence estimates obtained with the two questionnaires were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Prevalence of self-reported symptoms was significantly higher in self-reported for all questions except for lifetime eczema, which was higher in parental report. Agreement between the two sources of information was poor, although it was slightly better for questions relative to clinical diagnosis of asthma, hay fever or eczema than for related symptoms, and for respiratory with respect to cutaneous disorders. When compared with self-reported, parent-reported was consistently higher in males and was more affected by socioeconomic level and by a diagnosis of asthma or family history of allergic diseases, whereas self-reported was more sensitive to the effect of the adolescent9s smoking habits. It is concluded that, in adolescents, parent- and self-reported respiratory and allergic symptoms differ significantly and are differently affected by several constitutional and environmental factors. Obtaining direct information from adolescents may be essential for a correct evaluation of respiratory symptoms.
Abstract 5598: Angiographic Evidence of Early Coronary Artery Disease and Inceased Risk of Mortality in Smokers with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Analysis of the ACUITY Trial
Authors: Jason O Robertson, Ramin Ebrahimi, Alexandra J Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W Stone, A M Lincoff
Journal: Circulation (2008)

To determine the relationship between smoking and outcomes in a contemporary population of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Smoking has been associated with the “paradox” of reduced mortality following acute MI. This is thought to be due to favorable baseline characteristics and less diffuse CAD of smokers. In the ACUITY trial, 13,819 patients (29.1% smokers) with moderate- to high-risk NSTE-ACS underwent angiography and, if indicated, revascularization. Smokers were significantly younger and had fewer co-morbidities than nonsmokers. Incidence of death and MI were comparable at 30-days, although smokers had significantly reduced risks of 30-day major bleeding (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.67– 0.96, p=0.016) and 1-year mortality (HR=0.797, 95% CI=0.65– 0.97, p=0.027). After multivariate correction for baseline and clinical differences, however, smoking status was no longer predictive of major bleeding (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.85–1.32, p =0.59) and was associated with higher 1-year mortality (HR=1.38, 95% CI=1.07–1.78, p =0.013). This pattern of reversed risk following multivariable correction held true, as well, for those smokers requiring PCI. Core laboratory angiographic analysis showed that smokers and nonsmokers were comparable in terms of the extent of coronary artery disease, TIMI flow, myocardial blush and the presence of thrombi, but smokers had significantly less coronary artery calcification and fewer collaterals. In contrast to the paradox previously described in STEMI, our analysis finds smoking to be an independent predictor of higher 1-year mortality in patients presenting with NSTE-ACS, and our angiographic study demonstrates CAD disease in smokers that is comparable to nonsmokers but evident approximately one decade earlier.
Efficacy of walking aids during self-paced outdoor walking in COPD patients
Authors: Anouk W. Vaes, Kenneth Meijer, Jeannet Delbressine, Jozé Wiechert, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Frits M.E. Franssen, Martijn A. Spruit
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Walking aids, such as rollator or draisine, improve functional exercise performance in COPD patients during indoor 6-min walk test [Vaes et al. Chest 2012]. However, an indoor 6-min walk test may not reflect everyday walking, which is the most reported problematic activity of daily life in COPD [Annegarn et al. JAMDA 2012]. To date, efficacy of walking aids during outdoor use remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy of a rollator or draisine on self-paced outdoor walking distance, time and speed in COPD.  20 COPD patients (60% men; age: 62±8 yrs; FEV 1 : 39±14 %pred) performed 2 or 3 self-paced outdoor walking tests on 2 consecutive days: test 1 unaided (if possible); test 2 and 3 with rollator or draisine in random order. Patients had to walk as long as possible at their own pace and test ended when they needed to stop (max. duration of 30 min).  The use of rollator resulted in highest walking distance and time (Table 1; p  To conclude, a rollator improves outdoor walking distance and time in COPD patients, whereas the use of a draisine had no beneficial effects compared to unaided walking.  This study was supported by 9Stichting de Weijerhorst9.
Increased expression of interleukin‐17 pathway genes in nonlesional skin of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: A. Chiricozzi, M. Suárez‐Fariñas, J. Fuentes‐Duculan, I. Cueto, K. Li, S. Tian, C. Brodmerkel, J.G. Krueger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Psoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory immune-mediated disease, with lesional skin characterized by sharply demarcated, erythematous scaly plaques. Uninvolved psoriatic skin appears clinically similar to normal skin. However, it has been hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines, e.g. interleukin (IL)-17, may affect any organ or tissue having a vascular supply; thus, distant uninvolved skin could be exposed to increased circulating IL-17.To establish comparative genomic profiles between noninvolved skin and normal skin, in particular, determining immune abnormalities in distant uninvolved skin.We performed a meta-analysis on three gene array studies, comparing the nonlesional (NL) psoriatic skin transcriptome with normal gene expression. We investigated immunological features of noninvolved skin, particularly linked to IL-17 signalling.We detected 252 differentially expressed gene transcripts in uninvolved skin compared with normal skin; multiple immune-related genes, including IL-17-downstream genes, were upregulated. Increased expression of IL-17-signature genes (e.g. DEFB4 and S100A7) was associated with an increased number of CD3+, CD8+ and DC-LAMP+ cells in NL skin vs. normal controls. Inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) expression was detected only in a few T-cells within NL skin.Our data described the genomic profile in NL skin, characterizing the immune activation that was mainly attributed to IL-17 signalling.
Nipple Fluid Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Prostate-Specific Antigen in Cancer-Bearing and Tumor-Free Breasts
Authors: Yashuang Zhao, Sigitas J. Verselis, Neil Klar, Norman L. Sadowsky, Carolyn M. Kaelin, Barbara Smith, Lenka Foretova, Frederick P. Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: Mammograms and breast examinations are established methods for early breast cancer detection. Routine mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality among women ages ≥ 50 years, but additional screening methods are needed. We and others have found high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in nipple aspirate fluids (NAFs), but the usefulness for these bio-markers for early breast cancer detection is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: NAFs from one or both breasts of 388 women were analyzed for CEA, PSA, and albumin levels. The study included 44 women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancers, 67 women with proliferative breast lesions (ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 277 controls without these breast lesions. Analyses were conducted using the log 10 -transformed CEA and PSA levels to normalize the distributions of these tumor markers. RESULTS: Nipple fluid CEAs are significantly higher for cancerous breasts than tumor-free breasts (median 1,830 and 1,400 ng/mL, respectively; P &lt; .01). However, at 90% specificity of the assay (CEA = 11,750 ng/mL), the corresponding sensitivity for cancer detection is 32%. CEA levels are not significantly different for breasts with proliferative lesions compared with tumor-free breasts. Nipple fluid PSAs do not differ by tumor status. Analyses of NAF albumin-standardized CEAs and PSAs yield similar results. Nipple fluid CEA and PSA titers are correlated in the affected and unaffected breast of women with unilateral lesions. CONCLUSION: Nipple fluid CEAs are higher for breasts with untreated invasive cancers, but the test sensitivity is low. Nipple fluid PSA titers do not seem to be useful for breast cancer detection.
Factors influencing uptake of influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M J Bridges
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Recent British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) guidelines1 have advised that all patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporin A, or azathioprine should receive an annual influenza vaccination. Because there are relatively few data about immunisation rates in patients with RA, we undertook a study with the following aims: ( a ) to document the rate of uptake of influenza vaccine in patients with RA; ( b ) to assess the degree of conformity to the BSR guidelines; ( c ) to explore the factors that influence vaccine uptake.

One hundred and twenty nine consecutive patients with RA were assessed between September 2001 and February 2002 during their routine hospital outpatient appointment. At the end of the consultation, the doctor inquired about vaccination status using standardised questionnaires. Information about whether the patient had been immunised during …
Osteoporosis Due to Cancer Treatment: Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: Johannes Pfeilschifter, Ingo J. Diel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

ABSTRACT: Many therapeutic regimens in cancer treatment carry the risk of causing or favoring the development of osteoporosis. Therapies in which hypogonadism may occur are most relevant in this respect. Prompt hormone replacement therapy is indicated in these patients. In patients in whom this is undesirable because of a hormone-dependent tumor, the risk of osteoporosis should be assessed by means of osteodensitometry, and prophylactic or therapeutic measures should be instituted if necessary. Early intervention improves outcome because osteoporosis therapy is most effective in preventing deterioration of bone mass. There remains much uncertainty in assessing the risk of combination chemotherapy with regard to the development of osteoporosis. Negative effects on the skeleton have, however, been demonstrated for individual drugs, such as methotrexate and ifosfamide. Negative effects of the tumor itself on bone metabolism may aggravate the degree of osteoporosis. Detailed data and long-term experience to assess the risk are urgently needed in this area and constitute an important research topic for the coming years and decades. This review discusses the most prevalent mechanisms of osteoporosis caused by cancer treatment and outlines therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of therapy-induced bone loss.
Results of Exposure of Newborn Strain HR Mice to X Radiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Margaret K. Deringer, Egon Lorenz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Results of Exposure of Newborn Strain HR Mice to X Radiation Get access Margaret K. Deringer, Margaret K. Deringer National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Egon Lorenz Egon Lorenz National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 4, February 1955, Pages 923–929, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.4.923 Published: 01 February 1955 Article history Received: 28 September 1954 Published: 01 February 1955
Evaluation of factors affecting the diagnostic value of transbronchial lung biopsy
Authors: Alireza Eslaminejad, Arda Kiani, Makan Sadr, Zohreh Mohammad Taheri, Sedighe Marjani, Maryam Haji Seyed Abootorabi, Hamidreza Jabbar Darjani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and Objectives:  Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is the method of choice for diagnosis of pulmonary parenchymal lesions and is used for a wide array of pulmonary diseases. It is also a safe applicable method in ambulatory patients. This study sought to assess the factors affecting the diagnostic value of TBLB.   Materials and Methods : This prospective, observational double blind study was conducted on 44 patients presenting to the Bronchoscopy Ward of Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran. Four TBLB specimens were obtained from each patient and characteristics of specimens (size, number of alveoli, diagnostic value and floatability) were recorded.   Results:  A total of 176 samples were obtained from 44 patients including 21 males (47.7%) and 23 females (52.3%). In general, 37 samples (21%) were diagnostic. Of 57 small samples, 12 (21.2%), of 66 medium size samples, 12 (18.2%), and of 53 large size samples, 13 (24.5%) were diagnostic (P=0.700). No significant association was found between the size of specimen and its diagnostic value. Of 84 alveolated samples 31 (36.9%), of 26 non-alveolated samples 5 (19.2%) and of 66 samples with no alveoli one (1.5%) had a diagnostic value (P   Conclusion:  Based on the obtained results, number of alveoli present in each specimen was correlated to its diagnostic value. Size or floatability of specimens had no effect on their quality. Increasing the number of specimens to four can increase the likelihood of reaching a definite diagnosis.
Effects of budesonide/formoterol combination therapy versus budesonide on airway dimensions in asthma
Authors: Makoto Hoshino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : The combination of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists results in improved asthma symptom control compared with inhaled corticosteroids alone, but the effects of combination therapy on airway structural changes and inflammation are still unknown.

Aims and objectives : The aim of the study was to compare the effects of budesonide/formoterol versus budesonide on airway dimensions and inflammation in asthma.

Methods: Fifty asthmatic patients were randomized to treatment with budesonide/formoterol (200/6 μg, two inhalations bd) or budesonide (200 μg, two inhalations bd) for 24 weeks. Airway dimensions were assessed by CT, and wall area corrected for body surface area (WA/BSA), percentage wall area (WA%), wall thickness (T)/√BSA, and luminal area (Ai)/BSA at the right apical segmental bronchus were measured. The percentage of eosinophils in induced sputum, pulmonary function, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were also evaluated.

Results: Significantly decreases in WA/BSA (p < 0.05), WA% (p < 0.001) and T/√BSA (p < 0.05), and increases in Ai/BSA (p < 0.05), and improvements in the AQLQ scores were observed in patients treated with budesonide/formoterol compared with budesonide. The reduction in sputum eosinophils and increase in FEV1% were greater for budesonide/formoterol compared with budesonide. The changes in WA% were significantly correlated with changes in sputum eosinophils and FEV1% (r = 0.84 and r = 064).

Conclusions: Budesonide/formoterol combination is more effective than budesonide for reducing airway wall thickness and inflammation in asthma.
Descriptive study of children with household contact of tuberculosis
Authors: Ghassen Soussi, Anissa Berraies, Imen Sahnoun, Jamel Ammar, Hanadi Ouali, Agnes Hamzaoui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Tuberculosis in children remains a problem in much of the world. Focusing on children with exposure to tuberculosis is justified by their increased risk for developing a severe disease.  The aim of the study was to determine the likelihood of contracting latent tuberculosis infection in children with a household exposure and to assess post-exposure prophylactic measures.  We examined medical records for all 25 individuals presenting from January 2011 to February 2013 who were household contacts of an adult with active TB. All of them had screening by tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest X-ray.  The mean age was of 38 months. Nine patients had an  induration of 10 or more millimeters in TST which accounted for 36% positive tests.  Taking into consideration that all individuals have recently been vaccinated with BCG, infection developed in only 3 children (12%). Infection progressed to active disease in only one of them. Initial chest x-ray showed an apical condensation which was highly suggestive of post-primary TB. Sputum smears and bronchial washings were however negative. Children who had positive tests were contacts of their respective fathers in 33.3% of cases, mothers and grandmothers in 22.2% of cases and siblings in 11% of cases. They shared the same room with the infected subjects in 2 out of 3 cases. The latter suffered from pulmonary TB in 88.8% of cases and Only one case of lymph nodes TB. Twenty one children (84%) were prescribed prophylactic treatment: isoniazid in monotherapy in 8 cases and isoniazid-rifampicin combination in 13 cases. Tolerance and outcome were good in all cases and treatment observation was satisfactory in 96% of cases.
The lack of awareness by general practitioners in diagnosing acute and chronic respiratory conditions in a low-income setting
Authors: Bruno Piassi Sâo José, Paulo Augusto Camargos, Jose Geraldo Maciel, Cláudia Botelho, Ricardo Amorim Corrêa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In spite of the epidemiologic magnitude of respiratory diseases worldwilde the literature is scarce regarding the diagnostic ability of acute and chronic respiratory condition by general practitioners (GPs). The objective of this study was to verify the agreement between GPs and pulmonologists in diagnosing acute respiratory illnesses (ARI), tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD) and asthma.  A cross sectional study was undertaken in three cities in the surroundings of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We invited both, GPs and patients older than 15 years presenting at least one of the following symptoms: cough, breathlessness and/or wheezing who looked for medical assistance at the primary care facilities. The clinical history, the physical examination and the diagnosis of above cited clinical conditions were recorded into the standardized documentation form in order to independently compare the diagnosis made for GPs and pulmonologists. Subsidiary tests were not used.  Sixty GPs and 554 patients were included. 235 (42.4%) had ARI, 123 (17.3%) asthma, 87 (15.7%) COPD and 69 (12.4%) were TB-suspected. Kappa values were 0.450 for ARI (95%CI 0.381;0.519), 0.426 for TB (95%CI 0.358;0.494), 0.432 for asthma (95%CI 0.325;0.539) and 0.548 for COPD (95%CI 0.461;0.635).  A moderate agreement between GPs and pulmonologists in the diagnosis of the most prevalent respiratory conditions was found. This result emphasizes the need to adopt some measures in order to improve the ability of GPs in diagnosing of respiratory conditions in this context.
Safety of Denosumab (Dmab) in Patients (Pts) with Stage 4 or Stage 5D Chronic Kidney Disease (Ckd)
Authors: G. Block, O. Egbuna, S. Zeig, P. Pergola, B. Singh, A. Braun, Y. Yu, W. Sohn, D. Padhi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Prognostic Factors for Sarcomas: Hard and Soft
Authors: Paul Meyers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.627 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11821441 Prognostic Factors for Sarcomas: Hard and Soft Paul MeyersxPaul MeyersSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.627 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology