tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synchrony of Malignant Lymphoma and Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Stierer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PRIMARY malignant lymphoma of the breast is a rare disorder. In a statistical review, the incidence of this entity associated with other malignant tumors of the breast has been reported as 0.14%.<sup>1</sup>Manifestations of malignant lymphoma of the breast are predominantly extranodal, in the form of stage I E disease, according to the Ann Arbor classification. While spread of the lymphoma has been reported to progress from the breast into the regional lymph nodes (stage II E, Ann Arbor), no instance of the reverse process (axilla to breast) has been described.<sup>1</sup> We report the synchronous occurrence of axillary malignant lymphoma and carcinoma of the breast metastasizing into the ipsilateral axilla. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1. —</h3> A 66-year-old woman noted a cherry-sized painless lump in the laterocranial quadrant of the right breast, which had persisted for the past 2 weeks, accompanied by a dragging sensation in the right
Near Fatal Poisoning Due to Accidental Ingestion of an Overdose of Dextro Propoxyphene Hydrochloride by a Two-Year-Old Child
Authors: Herman W. Hyatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DEXTRO propoxyphene hydrochloride, with the chemical name of alpha-d-4-dimethylamino-1,-2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane (Darvon), synthesized by Pohland and Sullivanf in 1953, is now widely used as an analgesic. The drug can be obtained in 32-mg. and 65-mg. pulvules, and a compound is formed from the combination of 32 mg. or 65 mg. of dextro propoxyphene with acetophenetidin (162 mg.), acetylsalicylic acid (227 mg.) and caffeine (32 mg.).Since no case of respiratory depression in human beings related to toxicity from this drug could be found in the medical literature, it seems important to report a nearly fatal case of poisoning in a two-year-old child, . . .
CEREBROSPINAL RHINORRHEA WITH PNEUMOCEPHALUS SECONDARY TO SKULL FRACTURE
Authors: Walter Bromberg
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea secondary to fracture of the base of the skull in the anterior fossa, through the frontal sinus, is not infrequently seen. When it occurs it clears up spontaneously with the healing of the fracture, in the majority of the cases. When it persists, the management of this complication of fracture becomes a serious problem of judgment because of the extremely high incidence of meningitis infection following any type of procedure. Pneumocephalus (intracranial pneumocele) is a rare complication of this type of injury; reports of twenty-eight cases had been collected by Dandy<sup>1</sup>up to 1926. In the treatment of this condition plastic procedures, from a cranial or intranasal approach, are attended by the difficulties of infection and mechanical problems. More recently, radiotherapy has been used with questionable success. In the case here reported, the utilization of physiologic principles was so gratifying that its report seems justified. The
Geographical distribution of stomach cancer in Czechoslovakia.
Authors: O Gregor, R Toman, F Prusova, V Drnkova, J Pastorova
Journal: Gut (1969)

Microglia motility plays a crucial role in response to lesion or exocytotoxic damage of the cerebral tissue. We used two <i>in vitro</i> assays, a wound-healing model and a chemotaxis assay, to show that the neuropeptide neurotensin elicited the migration of the human microglial cell line C13NJ by a mechanism dependent on both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. The effect of neurotensin on cell migration was blocked by the neurotensin receptor-3 propeptide, a selective ligand of this receptor. We demonstrate, by using RT-PCR, photoaffinity labeling, and Western blot analysis, that the type I neurotensin receptor-3 was the only known neurotensin receptor expressed in these microglial cells and that its activation led to the phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulating kinases 1/2 and Akt. Furthermore, the effect of neurotensin on cell migration was preceded by a profound modification of the F-actin cytoskeleton, particularly by the rapid formation of numerous cell filopodia. Both the motility and the filopodia appearance induced by neurotensin were totally blocked by selective inhibitors of MAP kinases or PI 3-kinase pathways. This demonstrates that the neurotensin receptor-3 is functional and mediates the migratory actions of neurotensin.
Mental Illness and Violent Death
Authors: Thomas B. Cole, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BMA launches appraisal scheme for consultants
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The BMA's consultants' committee has launched proposals for appraising consultants as part of its response to the government's requirement for clinical governance.

Under the NHS white papers trusts and health authorities have to ensure that mechanisms are in place to guarantee all aspects of the quality of clinical services. The Central Consultants and Specialists Committee (CCSC) believes that …
Social and Public Health Perspectives of Promotion of Breastfeeding
Authors: Valerie J. Flaherman, Elena Fuentes-Afflick
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Hypercalcemia in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Harold S. Ballard, Aaron J. Marcus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SERUM calcium concentration may be elevated in any neoplastic disorder associated with bone destruction, either primary or metastatic. However, relatively few cases of hypercalcemia and bone destruction have been observed in conjunction with leukemia.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In the majority of previously reported cases of hypercalcemia, the patients have had one of the acute leukemias,1 , 2 , 4 , 7 , 8 and in the remainder chronic lymphocytic leukemia was the diagnosis.5 , 6 Two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia associated with severe hypercalcemia were recently observed. To our knowledge this phenomenon as a complication has not been previously reported.Case ReportsCase 1. H.R., a 31-year-old policeman, was admitted to the . . .
Escitalopram: Superior to Citalopram or a Chiral Chimera?
Authors: Staffan Svensson, Peter R. Mansfield
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Escitalopram is the active isomer of the antidepressant citalopram. In theory single-isomer drugs may be superior but few have been found to have clinically significant advantages. The manufacturer claims that escitalopram has more efficacy and a faster onset of effect than citalopram. The purpose of this study was to assess how far these claims are justified. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Relevant trial reports were requested from H. Lundbeck A/S and the Swedish drug regulatory authority. The trials consisted of a pooled analysis of 1,321 patients from one unpublished, one partly published and one published eight-week trial, as well as a 24-week trial with 357 patients published as a poster. The studies compared escitalopram with placebo and/or citalopram in outpatients aged ≧18 years who met specified criteria for depression. The trials’ quality was assessed with Moncrieff et al.’s quality assessment instrument and the results compared with the claims from the advertisements. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The advertising claims are not justified because they are based on secondary outcomes, non-intention-to-treat analyses and arbitrarily defined subgroups. The subgroup results are inconsistent. Methodological flaws in the trials could account for the differences found. Even if the differences claimed were real they appear too small to justify higher prices. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; On the evidence available to us the manufacturer’s claims of superiority for escitalopram over citalopram are unwarranted. The Swedish and Danish drug regulatory authorities reached similar conclusions. This highlights the need for wider dissemination of national authorities’ statements to other countries affected by the European Union’s mutual recognition procedure.
Issues in long term care will not disappear
Authors: R. W Stout
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—I am writing in response to the editorial by Dixon and Dewar on the NHS plan.1 The government has published its response to the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Long Term Care. 2 3 It has accepted in full or in slightly modified form 23 of the 24 recommendations of the royal commission. It has not fully accepted the main recommendation but is proposing to fund nursing care in nursing homes.

When discussing funding for long term care, the royal commission …
The Good Physician
Authors: Bruce P. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Ad Libitum1 April 1992The Good PhysicianBruce P. Brown, MDBruce P. Brown, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-7-602_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptYou and I cannot be friends, for now.I must coldly probe, pain and score you.If I care too much,Yours, and all the others' painsWill drain, weaken, and kill me.My love must be shallow enoughFor both of us to survive.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1992Volume 116, Issue 7Page: 602-602 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Pathophysiology of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
Authors: Stefan S. Fajans, Graeme I. Bell, Kenneth S. Polonsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by nonketotic diabetes mellitus, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, an onset usually before the age of 25 years and frequently in childhood or adolescence, and a primary defect in the function of the beta cells of the pancreas. MODY can result from mutations in any one of at least six different genes (Table 1). One of these genes encodes the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (associated with MODY 2),3 and the other five encode transcription factors: hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α (associated with MODY 1),4 HNF-1α (MODY . . .
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents
Authors: Charles E. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The study by Deaconson et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Sleep Deprivation and Resident Performance" in the September 23/30 issue of<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>fails to prove its point. They studied surgical residents on an every-other-night oncall schedule, comparing their performance after a night on call with that after a night off call, and, finding no difference in performance, concluded that such call schedules "do not impair the performance of residents on psychometric tests and, by implication, performance in the provision of patient care." Such a conclusion simply cannot be made from their data. There is no basis for their assumption that recovery can be expected after a single night's sleep. I recall my own residency in internal medicine, when I was on call every third night. The day after a sleepless night on call, I was able to, as Kollar et al<sup>2</sup>
ANTIBODY FORMATION AGAINST TREPONEMA PALLIDUM—AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Hans Zinsser, Joseph Gardner Hopkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

It has been shown by our experiments that the serum of rabbits treated with emulsions of Treponema pallidum contains agglutinating substances. Normal rabbit serum also possesses agglutinating power for this organism, but, as in the case of normal bacterial agglutinins, to an extent very much inferior to that possessed by the sera of immunized animals. Normal human sera will agglutinate similar pallidum emulsions, as will the sera of certain syphilitic patients with positive Wassermann reactions. Whether or not there is a quantitative difference of diagnostic value between the sera of normal human beings and those of syphilitics remains to be seen. The sera of rabbits immunized with strain A agglutinate Noguchi's strain 9 in dilutions as high as 1 to 500. We regard as the most important result of these experiments the demonstration of definite antibodies in the circulation of animals treated with dead emulsions of Treponema pallidum. Since it is our belief that the agglutinating effect is due to an antibody essentially the same as that which produces bactericidal, precipitating, and opsonic effects, i. e., that there is probably one type of antibody only, we believe that the demonstration of agglutinins establishes the fact that in syphilis as in bacterial diseases the host responds by the formation of antibodies or sensitizers specific for the treponema. Spirocheticidal experiments with these sera, both in vitro and in vivo, are in progress.
Abstract 3434: Inecalcitol, an analogue of 1,25D3, displays enhanced antitumor activity through the induction of apoptosis in a squamous cell carcinoma model system.
Authors: Yingyu Ma, Wei-Dong Yu, Alejandro A. Hidalgo, Wei Luo, Remi Delansorne, Candace S. Johnson, Donald L. Trump
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epidemiological data suggest an important role of vitamin D signaling in cancer progression, and experimental studies demonstrate that the active vitamin D metabolite 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) has broad spectrum anti-tumor activity. Hypercalcemia has often been suggested to limit the clinical application of these data. The 14-epi-analog of 1,25D3, inecalcitol (19-nor-14-epi-23-yne-1,25-(OH)2D3; TX522), was developed to have superagonistic anti-tumor activities but low hypercalcemia potential. We examined the anti-tumor activity of inecalcitol and the underlying mechanisms in a murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model system. Compared to 1,25D3, inecalcitol showed enhanced vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated transcriptional activity. Inecalcitol suppressed SCC cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 value 30 times lower than that of 1,25D3. Both inecalcitol and 1,25D3 induced a comparable level of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in SCC cells. The level of apoptosis induced by inecalcitol was markedly higher than that of 1,25D3. Apoptosis was mediated through the activation of the caspase 8/10- caspase 3 pathway. Further, inecalcitol markedly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of c-IAP1 and XIAP compared to 1,25D3. In vivo, inecalcitol inhibits SCC tumor growth at 80 μg dose without hypercalcemia. Inecalcitol (320 μg) or 1,25D3 (0.312 μg) markedly inhibited tumor growth. Notably, inecalcitol induced a significantly higher level of apoptosis in the SCC xenograft model. We show that inecalcitol has potent anti-tumor activity in the SCC model system and this is associated with a stronger induction of apoptosis. These findings support the further development of inecalcitol in cancer treatment. Citation Format: Yingyu Ma, Wei-Dong Yu, Alejandro A. Hidalgo, Wei Luo, Remi Delansorne, Candace S. Johnson, Donald L. Trump. Inecalcitol, an analogue of 1,25D3, displays enhanced antitumor activity through the induction of apoptosis in a squamous cell carcinoma model system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3434. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3434
Mass Lead Intoxication from Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Recycling in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Pascal Haefliger, Monique Mathieu-Nolf, Stephanie Lociciro, Cheikh Ndiaye, Malang Coly, Amadou Diouf, Absa Lam Faye, Aminata Sow, Joanna Tempowski, Jenny Pronczuk, Antonio Pedro Filipe Junior, Roberto Bertollini, Maria Neira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Between November 2007 and March 2008, 18 children died from a rapidly progressive central nervous system disease of unexplained origin in a community involved in the recycling of used lead-acid batteries (ULAB) in the suburbs of Dakar, Senegal. We investigated the cause of these deaths.Because autopsies were not possible, the investigation centered on clinical and laboratory assessments performed on 32 siblings of deceased children and 23 mothers and on 18 children and 8 adults living in the same area, complemented by environmental health investigations.All 81 individuals investigated were poisoned with lead, some of them severely. The blood lead level of the 50 children tested ranged from 39.8 to 613.9 microg/dL with a mean of 129.5 microg/dL. Seventeen children showed severe neurologic features of toxicity. Homes and soil in surrounding areas were heavily contaminated with lead (indoors, up to 14,000 mg/kg; outdoors, up to 302,000 mg/kg) as a result of informal ULAB recycling.Our investigations revealed a mass lead intoxication that occurred through inhalation and ingestion of soil and dust heavily contaminated with lead as a result of informal and unsafe ULAB recycling. Circumstantial evidence suggested that most or all of the 18 deaths were due to encephalopathy resulting from severe lead intoxication. Findings also suggest that most habitants of the contaminated area, estimated at 950, are also likely to be poisoned. This highlights the severe health risks posed by informal ULAB recycling, in particular in developing countries, and emphasizes the need to strengthen national and international efforts to address this global public health problem.
Preoperative Intensive Inspiratory Muscle Training to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in High-Risk Patients Undergoing CABG Surgery
Authors: Erik H. J. Hulzebos, Paul J. M. Helders, Nine J. Favié, Rob A. De Bie, Aart Brutel de la Riviere, Nico L. U. Van Meeteren
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are a major source of morbidity and mortality, and increase length of hospital stay and resource utilization. The prehospitalization period before CABG surgery may be used to improve a patient's pulmonary condition. The efficacy of preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in reducing the incidence of PPCs in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery has not yet been determined.To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of preoperative IMT on the incidence of PPCs in high-risk patients scheduled for elective CABG surgery.A single-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted at the University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, with enrollment between July 2002 and August 2005. Of 655 patients referred for elective CABG surgery, 299 (45.6%) met criteria for high risk of developing PPCs, of whom 279 were enrolled and followed up until discharge from hospital.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either preoperative IMT (n = 140) or usual care (n = 139). Both groups received the same postoperative physical therapy.Incidence of PPCs, especially pneumonia, and duration of postoperative hospitalization.Both groups were comparable at baseline. After CABG surgery, PPCs were present in 25 (18.0%) of 139 patients in the IMT group and 48 (35.0%) of 137 patients in the usual care group (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.92). Pneumonia occurred in 9 (6.5%) of 139 patients in the IMT group and in 22 (16.1%) of 137 patients in the usual care group (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.84). Median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 7 days (range, 5-41 days) in the IMT group vs 8 days (range, 6-70 days) in the usual care group by Mann-Whitney U statistic (z = -2.42; P = .02).Preoperative IMT reduced the incidence of PPCs and duration of postoperative hospitalization in patients at high risk of developing a pulmonary complication undergoing CABG surgery.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN17691887.