tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival After Resection of Primary Cardiac Tumors
Authors: Andrew W. ElBardissi, Joseph A. Dearani, Richard C. Daly, Charles J. Mullany, Thomas A. Orszulak, Francisco J. Puga, Hartzell V. Schaff
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Primary cardiac tumors are rare but have the potential to cause significant morbidity if not treated in an appropriate and timely manner. To date, however, there have been no studies examining survival characteristics of patients who undergo surgical resection. Methods and Results— From 1957 to 2006, 323 consecutive patients underwent surgical resection of primary cardiac tumors; 163 (50%) with myxomas, 83 (26%) with papillary fibroelastomas, 18 (6%) with fibromas, 12 (4%) with lipomas, 28 (9%) with other benign primary cardiac tumors, and 19 (6%) with primary malignant tumors. Operative (30 day) mortality was 2% (n=6). Univariate analysis indicated that patients who underwent resection of fibromas and myxomas had superior survival characteristics in comparison to the remainder of tumor variants; these results were consistent after adjusting for age at surgery, year of surgery, and cardiovascular risk factors. Based on actuarial characteristics of the 2002 U.S. population, patients who underwent myxoma resection had survival characteristics that were not significantly different from that of an age and gender matched population (SMR 1.11, P =0.57) whereas those who underwent resection of fibromas (SMR 11.17, P =0.002), papillary fibroelastomas (SMR 3.17, P =0.0003), lipomas (SMR 5.0, P =0.0003), other benign tumors (SMR 4.63, P =0.003), and malignant tumors (SMR 101, P &lt;0.0001) had significantly poorer survival characteristics. Furthermore, malignant tumors in younger patients were highly fatal (HR 0.899, P &lt;0.0001). Although the most significant predictor of mortality was tumor histology, survival was also influenced the by the duration of CPB and NYHA III/IV; the impact of these risk factors varied with time. The cumulative incidence of myxoma recurrence was 13% and occurred in a younger population (42 versus 57 years, P =0.003) with the risk of recurrence decreased after 4 years. Conclusions— Surgical resection of primary cardiac tumors is associated with excellent long-term survival; patients with cardiac myxomas have survival characteristics that are not significantly different from that of a general population. Predictors of mortality are primarily related to tumor histology but also include clinical characteristics such as symptomatology and duration of CPB.
Activating mutations in FGFR3 and HRAS reveal a shared genetic origin for congenital disorders and testicular tumors
Authors: Anne Goriely, Ruth M S Hansen, Indira B Taylor, Inge A Olesen, Grete Krag Jacobsen, Simon J McGowan, Susanne P Pfeifer, Gilean A T McVean, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Andrew O M Wilkie
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Sympathetic Rhythmicity in Cardiac Transplant Recipients
Authors: Philippe van de Borne, Nicola Montano, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Jean P. Degaute, Ron Oren, Massimo Pagani, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Variability of R-R interval and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) occurs predominantly at a low frequency (LF, ±0.1 Hz) and a high frequency (HF, ±0.25 Hz) in normal humans. Increased sympathetic drive in normal humans is associated with an increased LF component of the R-R interval and MSNA. Patients with severe heart failure have high sympathetic activity but decreased or absent LF power of both R-R and MSNA. We tested the hypothesis that this dysfunction in autonomic modulation in heart failure can be reversed by heart transplantation. Methods and Results —We performed spectral analysis of resting MSNA, R-R interval, and respiration in 9 patients with heart transplants, 9 chronic heart failure patients, and 9 normal control subjects, all closely matched for age, sex, and body mass index. MSNA (bursts per minute) was higher in patients with heart transplants (74±3) than either patients with heart failure (56±6) or normal subjects (40±4) ( P &lt;0.001). LF variability in the R-R interval was reduced in both heart transplant recipients and heart failure patients compared with the control subjects ( P &lt;0.01). The LF variability in MSNA was also nearly absent in the heart failure patients ( P &lt;0.01). However, the LF and HF oscillations in MSNA in patients with heart transplants were comparable to those evident in the control subjects. Conclusions —Cardiac transplantation does not reduce MSNA. However, LF oscillations in sympathetic activity are restored after transplantation such that the MSNA oscillatory profile is similar to that observed in normal subjects.
Evaluation of breast cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion sequence.
Authors: R Pérez Carrión, P Salinas Hernández, V Martínez de la Vega, M Recio Rodríguez
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4026 The diffusion is a physical property that describes the microscopic random movement of molecules in response to termal energy. The diffusion may be affect by biophysical properties of tissues: cellular density, tumor structure (necrosis, edema), and microcirculation.&amp;#x2028; We have made a quantitative analysis of the images of diffusion, calculating the coefficient of apparent diffusion (ADC) that reflects the capacity of specific diffusion of the tissue. The ADC is an objective parameter that can be used to characterize the tissues. It measures the displacement in unit of time (mm2/sec).&amp;#x2028; In malignant tumors the barriers to the diffusion are increased (high hypercellularity) and therefore, the diffusion is restricted, which is translated as low values of ADC.&amp;#x2028; We present 30 cases of infiltrating breast carcinoma, studied by sequence of diffusion SE EPI (TR 6500 msec; TE 85 msec; Matrix 128 x 80, NEX 6, Thickness 7 mm, GAP 3 mm, Value b 600 mm2/sec. AXIAL 38 courts 2 min 37 sec).&amp;#x2028; In malignant tumors the ADC is minor of 1,1 x 10-3 and is lower than that of benign injuries and normal tissue fibroglandular.&amp;#x2028; The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are:&amp;#x2028; • Cancer: 1,03 ± 0,23 x 103 mm2/sec.&amp;#x2028; • Fibroadenoma: 1,74 ± 0,16 x 103 mm2/sec.&amp;#x2028; • Cyst: 2,17 ± 0,25 x 103 mm2/sec.&amp;#x2028; • Fibroglandular tissue: 1,83 ± 0,25 x 103 mm2/sec.&amp;#x2028; Also we present 10 patients in whom we have used the ADC in the follow-up of the chemotherapy treatment. We have confirmed that the early increase of the ADC shows correlation with good response.&amp;#x2028; We attach the example of a patient.&amp;#x2028; Breast MR difussion: evaluation of chemotherapy response.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Good evolution: rapid increse of ADC.&amp;#x2028; In the scientific meeting we will present the results. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4026.
IgA linear dermatosis of childhood (chronic bullous disease of childhood)
Authors: TADEUSZ P. CHORZELSKI, STEFANIA JABLONSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Of twenty-seven cases of subepidermal blistering disease of children twelve corresponded clinically, histologically and immunologically to dermatitis herpetiforms of adults, six to bullous pemphigoid, and eight to chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC), i.e. IgA linear dermatosis. This latter disease seems to be a distinct entity, different from both dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid, and is characterized immunopathologically by linear IgA deposits at the basement membrane zone. These cases usually do not show intestinal involvement and respond well to combined treatment with sulphones and corticosteroids, whereas sulphones or sulphapyridine alone are, even in very high doses, not sufficient for full control of the disease. CBDC or IgA linear dermatosis of childhood may be regarded as a counterpart of IgA linear dermatosis of adults.
Targeting AKT Signaling Sensitizes Cancer to Cellular Immunotherapy
Authors: Patricia S. Hähnel, Sonja Thaler, Edite Antunes, Christoph Huber, Matthias Theobald, Martin Schuler
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The promise of cancer immunotherapy is long-term disease control with high specificity and low toxicity. However, many cancers fail immune interventions, and secretion of immunosuppressive factors, defective antigen presentation, and expression of death ligands or serpins are regarded as main escape mechanisms. Here, we study whether deregulation of growth and survival factor signaling, which is encountered in most human cancers, provides another level of protection against immunologic tumor eradication. We show in two models that activated cell autonomous protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT signaling mediates resistance against tumor suppression by antigen-specific CTLs in vitro and adoptively transferred cellular immune effectors in vivo. PKB/AKT-dependent immunoresistance of established tumors is reversed by genetic suppression of endogenous Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Mechanistically, deregulated PKB/AKT stabilizes Mcl-1 expression in a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)–dependent pathway. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin effectively sensitizes established cancers to adoptive immunotherapy in vivo. In conclusion, cancer cell–intrinsic PKB/AKT signaling regulates the susceptibility to immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Combined targeting of signal transduction pathways may be critical for improvement of cancer immunotherapies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3899–906]
Modification of sensitization methods can induce allergic inflammation in the lungs of allergy-resistant Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Y.O. Wong, R.Y.T. Sung, Q.H. Yang, W.Y. Chan, K. Li, Y. Zhao, A.M. Li, T.F. Fok, K.P. Fung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
THE OCCURRENCE OF MUCOID POLYSACCHARIDE IN HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI OF HUMAN ORIGIN
Authors: C. V. Seastone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. A rapid method for the roughly quantitative estimation of mucoid polysaccharide in hemolytic streptococci has been described. 2. Using this method, about 94 per cent of strains from moderate or severe streptococcal infections in man have been found to produce mucoid polysaccharide in greater or less amount. In a group of streptococci from normal throats only about 8 per cent produced this substance, all of the producers falling into Lancefield's group A. 3. Of the Lancefield group A strains from both normal and infected sources, 92 per cent showed the presence of mucoid polysaccharide in culture dilutions of 1:10 or higher. 4. The probable significance of the mucoid polysaccharide in streptococcal virulence is indicated.
A Corpus Luteal Cyst Masquerading as a Lymph Node Mass on PET/CT Scan in a Pregnant Woman With an Anterior Mediastinal Lymphomatous Mass
Authors: Sanjeev Bagga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 26-year-old woman presented with a history of dyspnea. The patient declined a pregnancy test before undergoing a noncontrast CT scan of the chest that showed an anterior mediastinal mass that was F-18 FDG avid on a subsequent PET/CT. Additionally, PET/CT demonstrated focal uptake in the right adnexal region. Surgical excision of the anterior mediastinal mass revealed Hodgkin lymphoma. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis after surgery showed no residual tumor in the mediastinum. An enhancing 1.2-cm round lesion was noted in the right adnexal region. An ultrasound examination revealed a corpus luteal cyst in the right adnexa and an intrauterine pregnancy thus discounting pelvic lymph node involvement. The patient was counseled about radiation exposure. She elected to have a therapeutic abortion and received chemotherapy. This case highlights the need to be cognizant of physiologic changes associated with possible pregnancy.
Essentials of Fluid Balance
Authors: Donald E. Oken
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This third edition of Dr. Black's monograph on fluid balance follows the pattern set in earlier editions, being brief without sacrificing either good prose or essential content. Brevity is achieved in part by scrupulously avoiding unnecessary repetition of material in the various sections of the book. More important for the general medical reader, for whom the book is intended, the content has been carefully selected to include only as much detail as is deemed necessary for a broad coverage of the subject. For those who would like a more detailed coverage the author refers to good and extensive review articles, many of which he has clearly marked in the bibliography. The book is simple in format, being divided into four major chapters: "Water," "Sodium," "Potassium," and "Hydrion ( Acid-Base)." Each topic is discussed from the standpoint of control mechanisms, disorders resulting in improper control, and clinical manifestations of aberration in these
Micro-Art: Art Images in a Hidden World
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Every medical student has had training in microscopy, but all too often he regarded this merely as an annoying aspect of medical education. A few physicians, to be sure, became pathologists and anatomists, and for them the microscope serves as a working tool, having technical implications in the study of disease. Rarely, however, a physician such as Dr. Wolberg (who is a psychiatrist) regards the microscopic image as an object of intrinsic beauty. Out of long experience in his hobby Dr. Wolberg has gathered together well over 200 photomicrographs, picturing various facets of the vegetable, animal, and mineral kingdoms. The details which magnification alone makes visible are presented not for their botanical, mineralogical, or zoological import, but for their aesthetic qualities. The photomicrographs present art forms drawn from nature—abstract arrangements in both black and white and in color. Very often we simply are not aware whether the magnification is relatively
Immunochemical FOBT was accurate for detecting colorectal cancer but less so for other GI lesions
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Chiang TH, Lee YC, Tu CH, Chiu HM, Wu MS. Performance of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test in predicting lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract. CMAJ. 2011;183:1474-81. 21810951
TS-1 in patients with capecitabine-resistant breast cancer
Authors: D. Yamamoto, H. Yoshida, S. Iwase, H. Odagiri, K. Kitamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1103 Background: TS-1 is a novel oral anticancer drug, composed of tegafur, gimestat and otastat potassium in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1, based on the biochemical modulation of 5-Fuorouracil. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TS-1 in patients with capecitabine-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: Forty patients with MBC who failed capecitabine-based chemotherapy, received TS-1 (100 mg/m 2 ) at four centers. Resistance to capecitabine was defined as either progression of disease during treatment, failure to achieve regression of disease after at least four courses, or rapid recurrence after completion of therapy. Results: From January 2006 to May 2008, 40 pts were enrolled. Baseline characteristics of the pts were: median age 50 years (range 34–78), median ECOG PS 0 (range 0–2), and adequate bone marrow, renal, and hepatic functions. Median number of metastatic sites was 2 (range 1–5). The pts were evaluable for response and toxicity. Ten pts (25 %) achieved a partial response, 12 patients (30 %) patients had stable disease, and 18 (45 %) progressive disease. The median time to disease progression was 26.6 weeks. The most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1/2 in intensity. 7 pts experienced serious TS-1- related gastrointestinal disorder requiring dose modifications in 3 pts and treatment discontinuation in 4 pt. Further, interestingly, 6 of the 40 patients (15.0%) who received TS-1 did hand-foot syndrome (HFS), although 20 of the 40 patients (50.0%) who had received capecitabine, developed HFS. Conclusions: This study confirms that TS-1 achieves a high tumor control rate in pretreated MBC pts and is active in patients with capecitabine-resistant breast cancer. Response rates were comparable to or better than those seen with other therapies for patients with capecitabine-resistant MBC. TS-1 should be considered the reference treatment in this setting based on consistently high efficacy and good tolerability. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Heterologous production of the major apple allergen Mal d 1 in nicotiana benthamiana plants transfected by a recombinant potato virus X based expression vector
Authors: Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Yan Ma, Monika Krebitz, Laurian Zuidmeer, Ronald Van Ree, Otto Scheiner, Heimo Breiteneder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Prevention of Malaria
Authors: E. Onori
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read the letter by Catino and Catino<sup>1</sup>on the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis in a group of US travelers, the comments of Schwartz et al,<sup>2</sup>and the authors' reply. We certainly agree that many of the deaths or malaria episodes among travelers could have been prevented had malaria prophylaxis been taken. There is no doubt that international agencies and national health administrations provide a plethora of information on the malaria risk for travelers and on how to prevent the disease. In this respect we would like to mention the information provided by the World Health Organization to its member states. A "Synopsis of the World Malaria Situation," based on reports received from member states, is published every year in the WHO<i>Weekly Epidemiological Record</i>.<sup>3</sup>In the same publication, "Information on Malaria Risk for International Travellers" appeared in three editions and is updated whenever
Hepcidin knockout mice fed with iron-rich diet develop chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis due to lysosomal iron overload
Authors: Mariia Lunova, Claudia Goehring, Deniz Kuscuoglu, Katrin Mueller, Yu Chen, Paul Walther, Jean-Christophe Deschemin, Sophie Vaulont, Johannes Haybaeck, Carolin Lackner, Christian Trautwein, Pavel Strnad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Statistical Problems in the Reporting of Clinical Trials
Authors: Stuart J. Pocock, Michael D. Hughes, Robert J. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Reports of clinical trials often contain a wealth of data comparing treatments. This can lead to problems in interpretation, particularly when significance testing is used extensively. We examined 45 reports of comparative trials published in the British Medical Journal, the Lancet, or the New England Journal of Medicine to illustrate these statistical problems. The issues we considered included the analysis of multiple end points, the analysis of repeated measurements over time, subgroup analyses, trials of multiple treatments, and the overall number of significance tests in a trial report. Interpretation of large amounts of data is complicated by the common failure to specify in advance the intended size of a trial or statistical stopping rules for interim analyses. In addition, summaries or abstracts of trials tend to emphasize the more statistically significant end points. Overall, the reporting of clinical trials appears to be biased toward an exaggeration of treatment differences. Trials should have a clearer predefined policy for data analysis and reporting. In particular, a limited number of primary treatment comparisons should be specified in advance. The overuse of arbitrary significance levels (for example, P less than 0.05) is detrimental to good scientific reporting, and more emphasis should be given to the magnitude of treatment differences and to estimation methods such as confidence intervals.
Potential role of eNOS in the therapeutic control of myocardial oxygen consumption by ACE inhibitors and amlodipine
Authors: K Loke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the modulation of cardiac O2 consumption induced by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramiprilat and amlodipine. Methods: Three different groups of mice were used; wild type, wild type in the presence of N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10−4 mol/l) or genetically altered mice lacking the eNOS gene (eNOS −/−). Myocardial O2 consumption was measured using a Clark-type O2 electrode in an air-tight stirred bath. Concentration–response curves to ramiprilat (RAM), amlodipine (AMLO), diltiazem (DIL), carbachol (CCL), substance P (SP) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) were performed. The rate of decrease in O2 concentration was expressed as a percentage of the baseline. Results: Baseline O2 consumption was not different between the three groups of mice. In tissues from wild type mice, RAM (10−5 mol/l), AMLO (10−5 mol/l), DIL (10−4 mol/l), CCL (10−4 mol/l), SP (10−7 mol/l) and SNAP (10−4 mol/l) reduced myocardial O2 consumption by −32±4, −27±10, −20±6, −25±2, −22±4 and −42±4%, respectively. The responses to RAM, AMLO, CCL and SP were absent in tissues taken from eNOS −/− mice (−7.1±4.3, −5.0±6.0, −5.2±5.1 and −0.4±0.2%, respectively). In addition, l-NAME significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the reduction in O2 consumption induced by RAM (−9.8±4.4%), AMLO (−1.0±6.0%), CCL (−8.8±3.7%) and SP (−6.6±4.9%) in cardiac tissues from wild type mice. In contrast, NO-independent responses to the calcium channel antagonist, DIL, and responses to the NO donor, SNAP, were not affected in cardiac tissues taken from eNOS −/− (DIL: −20±4%; SNAP: −46±6%) or l-NAME-treated (DIL: −17±2%; SNAP: −33±5%) mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that endogenous endothelial NO synthase derived NO serves an important role in the regulation of myocardial O2 consumption. This action may contribute to the therapeutic action of ACE inhibitors and amlodipine.
Socioeconomic Position and Mortality
Authors: Raz Gross
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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