tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Counterpoint: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Is Not Indicated for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Stephen B. Edge, David G. Sheldon
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2003)

The purpose of axillary surgery in breast cancer is to provide prognostic information to guide the choice of adjuvant systemic therapy. Axillary surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was abandoned in the 1980s because of the extremely low risk of lymph node metastases and high survival rates. Most women with metastases probably harbored an unrecognized focus of invasion or had metastases subsequent to an invasive local recurrence. Increased use of the less morbid sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for axillary staging of invasive cancer and the recognition that many patients will harbor micrometastases in nodes only recognized by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (IHC) led two groups to perform SNB with IHC in women with DCIS. One group included all subtypes of DCIS and found metastases in 13% (half of which were detected only on IHC). The other group studied only patients with "high-risk" DCIS. They found metastases in 12% (7 of 9 by IHC only). These groups recommend SNB for women with DCIS. However, the use of SNB in DCIS should be tempered by the uncertainty of the prognostic significance of IHC-detected metastases, the conflicting results of these 2 studies, and the real potential to cause more harm than good from the morbidity of the procedure, the application of unnecessary axillary dissection, and the use of unwarranted adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. These results should be used to generate hypotheses for clinical trials addressing these problems. However, SNB for DCIS remains investigational and should not be generally applied.
Involvement of the respiratory and ocular systems in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Jasna Dietz, Thomas Kaercher, Anne-Theres Schneider, Theodor Zimmermann, Holm Schneider, Ramsey Johnson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED, ectodysplasin deficiency), the most common of the ectodermal dysplasias, is classically described as affecting hair, sweat glands and dentition. What may be underappreciated is the effect ectodysplasin deficiency has on eccrine glands of the respiratory and ocular systems and the resulting chronic health issues.   Methods:  12 male children and 14 male adults with XLHED, age range 6 to 58 years, and 12 healthy controls were enrolled in this study conducted alongside a family conference in Germany (NCT01308333). All subjects were assessed for symptoms and signs of asthma by pulmonary function tests and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and for dry eye disease by investigating the tear film and the ocular surface. Standardized sweat duct counts and EDA genotype were included in correlation analyses.   Results:  Respiratory symptoms and elevated eNO as a sign of pulmonary inflammation were present in the majority of XLHED subjects, in similar numbers of children and adults. In contrast, ocular symptoms were significantly more common in XLHED adults than in XLHED children. The presence of residual sweat ducts in XLHED subjects, suggestive of partial EDA expression, correlated with milder disease in two subjects with genetic abnormalities in exon 5 encoding the collagen-like domain of ectodysplasin, but not in a third subject with a mutation affecting the TNF homology domain.   Conclusions:  The high prevalence of asthma and dry eye syndrome in patients as young as 6 years suggests that screening evaluation, regular monitoring and consideration of therapeutic intervention should begin in early childhood.
Relationship Between Glucosamine Uptake and Alkaline Phosphatase in HeLa Cells: Effects of Glucose and Prednisolone&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: George Melnykovych, Carolyn C. Costlow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The uptake and incorporation of D-1-14C-glucosamine and D-1-14C-glucose were studied in 2 strains of HeLa cells. The strains varied in their response to the presence of glucocorticoids in the culture medium. Strain S3G had a constitutively low alkaline phosphatase which became elevated by these steroids. In strain S3K, the high basal level of this enzyme was markedly suppressed. In both strains, the uptake of glucosamine was highest during the period of cell attachment and early growth but was not affected by the relative cell density of the culture. Glucosamine (1 mM), when present in the medium, prevented the increase of alkaline phosphatase, regardless of whether it was induced by prednisolone, as in the S3G strain, or whether it occurred during preconfluent growth, as in the S3K strain. In addition to its effect on alkaline phosphatase, glucosamine reduced the uptake of glucose by the cells. This effect was reversed by high concentration of glucose in the medium, pointing to the competition between the 2 carbohydrates and to an effect of glucocorticoids on the initial steps of carbohydrate utilization.
Exercise Hypercapnia in Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Denis E. O'Donnell, Christine D'Arsigny, Michael Fitzpatrick, Katherine A. Webb
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

In severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), carbon dioxide retention during exercise is highly variable and is poorly predicted by resting pulmonary function and arterial blood gases or by tests of ventilatory control. We reasoned that in patients with compromised gas exchange capabilities, exercise hypercapnia could be explained, in part, by the restrictive consequences of dynamic lung hyperinflation. We studied 20 stable patients with COPD (FEV(1) = 34 +/- 3 percent predicted; mean +/- SEM) with varying gas exchange abnormalities (Pa(O(2)) range, 35 to 84 mm Hg; Pa(CO(2)) range, 31 to 64 mm Hg). During symptom-limited maximum cycle exercise breathing room air, Pa(CO(2)) increased 7 +/- 1 mm Hg (p < 0.05) from rest to peak exercise (range, -6 to 25 mm Hg). We measured the change in Pa(CO(2)) after hyperoxic breathing at rest as an indirect test of ventilation-perfusion abnormalities. The change in Pa(CO(2)) from rest to peak exercise correlated best with the acute change in Pa(CO(2)) during hyperoxia at rest (r(2) = 0.62, p < 0.0005) and with resting arterial oxygen saturation (r(2) = 0.30, p = 0.011). During exercise, the strongest correlates of serial changes in Pa(CO(2)) from rest included concurrent changes in end-expiratory lung volume expressed as a percentage of total lung capacity (partial correlation coefficient [r] = 0.562, p < 0.0005) and oxygen saturation (partial r = 0.816, p < 0.0005). In severe COPD, the propensity to develop carbon dioxide retention during exercise reflects marked ventilatory constraints as a result of lung hyperinflation as well as reduced gas exchange capabilities.
Chrysene and Methylchrysenes: Presence in Tobacco Smoke and Carcinogenicity23
Authors: Stephen S. Hecht, William E. Bondinell, Dietrich Hoffmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The 6 methylchrysene isomers, synthesized in greater than 99.9% purity via unambiguous routes, and chrysene were tested for complete carcinogenicity and tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. 5-Methylchrysene showed a high level of carcinogenicity (comparable to that of benzo[a]pyrene) in contrast to the marginal carcinogenicity of the other methylchrysenes and chrysene. 5-Methylchrysene was also a powerful tumor initiator; 3-methylchrysene had moderate tumor-initiating activity. A method was developed for the isolation of methylchrysenes from cigarette smoke. It involved solvent partitioning of the condensate to obtain the fraction rich in polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, followed by column chromatography, a Diels-Alder reaction to remove benz[a]anthracenes, high-speed liquid chromatography to enrich the methylchrysenes, gas chromatography to separate 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-methylchrysenes, and, finally, paper chromatography to separate 5- and 6-methylchrysenes. For quantitative studies we used 14C-5,6-chrysene as internal standard. The smoke of one U.S. blended nonfilter cigarette (85 mm) contained 7.2 ng of 6-methylchrysene, 6.1 ng of 3-methylchrysene, 1.2 ng of 2-methylchrysene, 3.0 ng of 1-methylchrysene, 0.6 ng of 5-methylchrysene, and 36.5 ng of chrysene. Pyrolysis experiments indicated that tobacco sterols were probably not the major source of methylchrysenes in smoke.
Immune Complex Disease in the Kidneys of Lymphoma-Leukemia Patients: The Presence of an Oncornavirus-Related Antigen2
Authors: John C. Sutherland, Michael R. Mardiney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Immune Complex Disease in the Kidneys of Lymphoma-Leukemia Patients: The Presence of an Oncornavirus-Related Antigen Get access John C. Sutherland, John C. Sutherland Section of Immunology and Cell Biology, Baltimore Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, U.S.P.H.S. Hospital,4Baltimore, Maryland 21211 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Mardiney, Jr. Michael R. Mardiney, Jr. Section of Immunology and Cell Biology, Baltimore Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, U.S.P.H.S. Hospital,4Baltimore, Maryland 21211 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 3, March 1973, Pages 633–644, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.3.633 Published: 01 March 1973 Article history Received: 27 July 1972 Accepted: 31 October 1972 Published: 01 March 1973
Abstract 3600: HspA12B Promotes Angiogenesis through Suppressing AKAP12 and Up-Regulating VEGF Pathway
Authors: Rebecca J Steagall, Fang Hua, Mahesh Thirunazukarasu, Lijun Zhan, Chuanfu Li, Nilanjana Maulik, Zhihua Han
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We have previously shown that HspA12B, a member of HspA70 family subfamily 12, is a novel angiogenesis regulator that is preferentially expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and required for angiogenesis in vitro . The mechanism by which HspA12B regulates angiogenesis, however, is unknown. In this study we identified AKAP12/SSeCKS as a HSPA12B-interacting protein through a yeast two-hybrid screening and confirmed the interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization. We observed that HspA12B negatively regulated the expression of AKAP12/SSeCKS, a cancer metastasis repressor that inhibits VEGF expression and angiogen-esis. In HUVEC, HspA12B knockdown increased AKAP12 levels, decreased VEGF by more than 75%, and down-regulated Akt and pAkt; whereas HspA12B over expression decreased AKAP12 and more than doubled VEGF levels. We further identified a 32-AA domain in AKAP12 that was capable of interacting with HspA12B. Overexpression of this 32-AA domain in HUVEC disrupted the HspA12B-AKAP12 interaction and decreased VEGF expression by more than 70%, suggesting the importance of HspA12B-AKAP12 interaction in regulating VEGF. We also observed that HspA12B expression was increased more than 2 folds in ECs by hypoxia or shearing stress, and induced in ischemic rat heart. Inhibition of HspA12B abolished hypoxia-induced tubule formation. Adeno-HspA12B promoted angiogenesis in DIVAA assay. We concluded that this is the first evidence that HspA12B promotes angiogenesis through regulating VEGF by way of suppressing AKAP12. Our finding is the first example of an EC-specific molecular chaperone acting as the regulator of angiogenesis.
Radiation-Induced Leiomyosarcoma in Prostate After Brachytherapy for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hiroto Horiguchi, Kohichi Takada, Rishu Takimoto, Satoshi Iyama, Tsutomu Sato, Yasuo Hirayama, Toshifumi Hoki, Naoya Masumori, Tadashi Hasegawa, Junji Kato
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Screening for Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: J Cappel, U Blum, E Ungeheuer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Since the introduction in the Federal Republic of Germany of free routine screening for colorectal carcinoma (digital examination of the rectum in 1971; test for occult blood in the faeces in 1977), the number of Dukes' stage A cases diagnosed at one hospital has increased by 30%. The average interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis has shortened from 5 to 3.8 months, and the proportion of inoperable carcinomas has decreased by 10%.
Impulse oscillometry (IOS) cannot detect vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) in asthma
Authors: Laurence Ruane, Kathy Low, Kenneth Lau, Peter Holmes, Paul Finlay, Phillip Bardin, Paul Guy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) complicates asthma and can be detected using 320-slice CT larynx (Low et al, Am J Resp Crit Care Med, 2011). However, this involves radiation and impulse oscillometry (IOS) may be a safe, convenient and non-invasive method to diagnose the condition. We assessed whether IOS may be able to identify VCD originally diagnosed by CT larynx.  Methods: 42 patients with asthma, matched for age, body-mass index (BMI) and baseline pulmonary function parameters were studied. 21 had evidence of VCD detected by 320-slice CT larynx. All patient had spirometry and IOS immediately following CT and relevant parameters were compared between patients with and without VCD.  Results: The groups were well matched but none of the IOS measurements differed between the groups. Mean values were virtually identical for all parameters and post-bronchodilator values were also similar.  Discussion: In spite evidence that IOS may differentiate upper and lower airway obstruction, this study shows conclusively that the non-invasive IOS technique cannot identify upper airway narrowing associated with VCD in asthma.  Conclusion: IOS does not detect VCD in a cohort of asthmatics with a diagnosis established by 320-slice CT larynx. Other safe and non-invasive methods to detect VCD are needed.
Endothelial cell activation
Authors: B. J Hunt, K. M Jurd
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The endothelium is now recognised as not simply being an inert lining to blood vessels, as thought in the 1960s, but a highly specialised, metabolically active interface between blood and the underlying tissues—maintaining vascular tone, thromboresistance, and a selective permeability to cells and proteins. Moreover, under the stimulation of agents such as interleukin 1, the endothelium undergoes changes which allow it to participate in the inflammatory response; this is known as endothelial cell activation.

The term was coined in the 1960s by Willms-Kretschmer.1 He noted that in delayed hypersensitivity reactions the endothelium became plump and leaky and displayed increased quantities of biosynthetic organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum.1 He used the term activated to imply a change in function as well as morphology. In the 1980s an avalanche of papers showed that the newly discovered cytokines, interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor, changed surface molecules and thus the functions of cultured endothelial cells. To emphasise that these changes did not represent injury or dysfunction, Pober reintroduced the term …
Retinopathy and Vision Loss in Insulin-dependent Diabetes in Europe
Authors: Anne Katrin Sjølie, Judith Stephenson, Steve Aldington, Eva Kohner, Hans Janka, Lynda Stevens, John Fuller, B. Karamanos, C. Tountas, A. Kofinis, K. Petrou, N. Katsilambros, M. Cignarelli, R. Giorgino, M. Cignarelli, M.L. De Geco, I. Ramunni, C. Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C.M. Iosif, C. Pitei, S. Buligescu, G. Tamas, Z. Kerenyi, A.M. Ahmed, J. Toth, P. Kempler, S. Muntoni, M. Songini, M. Stabilini, M. Fossarello, S. Pintus, B. Ferriss, C.C. Cronin, M. Toeller, A. Klischan, T. Forst, F.A. Gries, R. Rottiers, H. Priem, P. Ebeling, M. Sinisalo, V.A. Koivisto, B. Idzior-Walus, B. Solnica, L. Szopinska-Ciba, K. Solnica, H.M.J. Krans, H.H.P.J. Lemkes, J.J. Jansen, J. Nunes-Cornea, J. Boavida, G. Michel, R. Wirion, A.J.M. Boulton, H. Ashe, D.J.S. Fernando, G. Pozza, G. Slaviero, G. Comi, B. Fattor, F. Bandello, H. Mehnert, A. Nuber, H. Janka, D. Ben Soussan, M.C. Fallas, P. Fallas, E. Jepson, S. McHardy-Young, J.H. Fuller, D.J. Betteridge, M. Milne, G. Crepaldi, R. Nosadini, G. Cathelineau, B. Villatte Cathelineau, M. Jellal, N. Grodner, P. Gervais Feiss, F. Santeusanio, G. Rosi, M.R.M. Ventura, C. Cagini, C. Marino, R. Navalesi, G. Penno, R. Miccoli, M. Nannipieri, S. Manfredi, G. Ghirlanda, P. Cotroneo, A. Manto, C. Teodonio, A. Minnella, J.D. Ward, S. Tesfaye, C. Mody, C. Rudd, G.M. Molinatti, F. Vitelli, M. Porta, G.F. Pagano, P. Cavallo Perin, P. Estivi, R. Sivieri, Q. Carta, G. Petraroli, N. Papazoglou, G. Manes, G. Triantaphyllou, A. Ioannides, M. Muggeo, V. Cacciatori, F. Bellavere, P. Galante, M.L. Gemma, K. Irsigler, H. Abrahamian, C. Gurdet, B. Hornlein, C. Willinger, S. Walford, E.V. Wardle, G. Roglic, Z. Resman, Z. Metelko, Z. Skrabalo
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)
Laparoscopy in Tuberculous Peritonitis
Authors: J Hossain, A K Al-Aska, I Al Mofleh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Intra-abdominal tuberculosis remains a significant health hazard in the developing countries. In countries where sophisticated medical facilities are not easily available, laparoscopic examination of intra-abdominal organs is helpful. In this study, 22 patients were found to have peritoneal tuberculosis out of 82 laparoscopic examinations. The major clinical presentation in these patients were abdominal pain, weight loss, fever and ascites. Tuberculin test was not always positive. Direct visualization of the peritoneum and obtaining peritoneal biopsies provide the definitive tissue diagnosis to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
Detection of tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with primary breast cancer: a prognostic factor for distant metastasis.
Authors: I J Diel, M Kaufmann, R Goerner, S D Costa, S Kaul, G Bastert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

At the time of primary surgery, approximately 90% of all patients with breast cancer are free of metastases, but in the next 5 years almost 50% of them will relapse. We evaluated the significance of the presence of tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with primary breast cancer to investigate their predictive value for relapse.Two hundred sixty patients with primary breast cancer were examined for tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates taken from six sites of the skeleton. After density centrifugation, cells in interphase were smeared and stained. For the immunocytologic reaction, we used a new monoclonal antibody (2E11) that was reactive with the core protein of the tumor-associated glycoprotein TAG12. TAG12 is secreted by nearly all human breast carcinomas.A significant correlation was found between tumor-cell detection and tumor stage (P < .0001), nodal status (P < .0001), and tumor grading (P = .002). A good relation to progesterone receptor (PR; P = .008) was found, but there was no correlation to estrogen receptor (ER) and menopausal status. Follow-up examinations showed distant metastases in 26 of 211 patients (15%). Twenty-two relapses occurred among the 81 patients with 2E11-positive cells in bone marrow, but only four occurred among the 130 patients without tumor-cell detection.This study suggests that tumor-cell detection in bone marrow of patients with primary breast carcinoma is a good predictor for all distant relapses (P < .0005, Cox multiple regression analysis) and provides additional information in regard to other prognostic factors. The highest predicting value for distant metastasis results from the combination of nodal status, negative PR, and tumor-cell presence in bone marrow.
Preoperative fluorouracil (FU)-based chemoradiation with and without weekly oxaliplatin in locally advanced rectal cancer: Pathologic response analysis of the Studio Terapia Adiuvante Retto (STAR)-01 randomized phase III trial
Authors: C. Aschele, C. Pinto, S. Cordio, G. Rosati, A. Tagliagambe, S. Artale, P. Rosetti, S. Lonardi, L. Boni, L. Cionini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA4008 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Variable flagella expression among clonal toxin A−/B+ Clostridium difficile strains with highly homogeneous flagellin genes
Authors: H. Pituch, P. Obuch-Woszczatyñski, N. van den Braak, A. van Belkum, M. Kujawa, M. Luczak, F. Meisel-Mikolajczy
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)
Up-regulation of decoy receptor D6 in COPD
Authors: Erica Bazzan, Graziella Turato, Simonetta Baraldo, Andrea Ballarin, Fiorella Calabrese, Elisabetta Balestro, Benedetta Savino, Cinzia Cancellieri, Raffaella Bonecchi, Massimo Locati, Alberto Papi, Manuel Cosìo, Alberto Mantovani, Marina Saetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

D6 is a “silent” chemokine-scavenging receptor involved in the intracellular degradation of pro-inflammatory chemokines and resolution of acute inflammatory responses in mice. Recently it has been found that D6 is increased in autoimmune diseases and in organ rejection conditions in humans. To investigate whether D6 is involved in the immune response in patients with COPD, we examined its expression by immunohistochemistry in surgically resected lung specimens from 3 groups of subjects: 16 smokers with COPD (FEV1=57±6%pred), 9 smokers with normal lung function (FEV1=102±3%) and 9 non-smoking controls (FEV1=106±6%). D6 was mainly detected in alveolar macrophages, where it was markedly up-regulated in smokers with COPD compared to control smokers and non-smokers [median (range): 78 (11-100%) vs 5 (0-61%) vs 0 (0-10%,) p
Diet and Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: A Case-Control Study2
Authors: Elizabeth Fontham, Diego Zavala, Pelayo Correa, Elsie Rodriguez, Fred Hunter, William Haenszel, Steven R. Tannenbaum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

A hospital-based case-control study of gastric cancer precursor lesions was conducted in a high-risk black population in southern Louisiana. Ninety-three subjects with biopsyproved advanced chronic atrophic gastritis were compared to two control series: a gastroscopy clinic series and a general hospital-admission series. Dietary case-control differences indicated a protective effect associated with fruit and vegetable intake and with dietary vitamin C and a risk elevation associated with milk consumption. The protective effect associated with consumption of fruits, vegetables, and vitamin C is consistent with findings for gastric cancer and with the etiologic hypothesis of intragastric nitrosation. A twofold increased risk was associated with cigarette smoking. Gastric juice pH, NO3-, and NO2- were determined for subjects undergoing gastroscopy, and comparisons were made between this high-risk U.S. group and a Colombian population with a much greater magnitude of risk; the latter had higher NO3- and NO2- levels. An increase in pH was associated with increasing severity of gastric lesions. Levels of pH and NO2- concentration were significantly correlated (P <.0005); however, in Louisiana the large difference in NO2- concentration associated with pH elevation is not- associated with histopathologic severity. Divergent trends with severity of lesions for NO3- concentration were seen in the two populations.