tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the multistage modeling of cohort data for carcinogenic risk assessment.
Authors: S Mazumdar, C K Redmond, J P Costantino, R N Patwardhan, S Y Zhou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The modeling of cohort data based on the Armitage-Doll multistage model of the carcinogenic process has gained popular acceptance as a methodology for quantitative risk assessment for estimating the dose-related relationships between different occupational and environmental carcinogenic exposures and cancer mortality. The multistage model can be used for extrapolation to low doses relevant for setting environmental standards and also provides information regarding whether more than one stage is dose-related, which assists in determining whether different carcinogens affect different stages of the cancer process. This paper summarizes recent developments in the multistage modeling of cohort data and emphasizes practical issues such as handling data arising from large epidemiologic follow-up studies, the time-dependent nature of exposures and statistical issues such as multicollinearity in time-related variables, robustness of parameter estimates, validating of the fitted models, and routine inferential procedures. Problems related to uncertainties of risk estimates are discussed also. Computer programs for fitting multistage models with one or two dose-related stages to cohort data incorporating time-dependent exposure patterns; constructing confidence regions for model parameters; and predicting lifetime risks of dying from cancer adjusting for competing causes of death are detailed. Illustrations are provided using lung cancer mortality in a cohort of nonwhite male coke oven workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles.
HIV drug under review as firm withdraws FDA application
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

South Africa's already confused and controversial policy on HIV and AIDS was plunged into further disagreement last week as the German pharmaceutical manufacturer Boehringer Ingelheim announced that it would withdraw its application to the US Food and Drug Administration for its antiretroviral drug nevirapine to be registered in the United States for use in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.

The drug has been registered for use in adults and children with HIV and AIDS, but in South Africa it has received registration only for use in reducing the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child. Now South Africa's drug …
Relationship between myosin isoenzyme composition, hemodynamics, and myocardial structure in various forms of human cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: H O Hirzel, C R Tuchschmid, J Schneider, H P Krayenbuehl, M C Schaub
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Hemodynamic and angiographic parameters, muscle fiber diameter, nonmuscle tissue content, and myosin light chain isoform composition were determined in the left ventricle of nine patients with primary (four with hypertrophic, five with dilated cardiomyopathy) and 27 patients with secondary hypertrophy (11 with aortic regurgitation, 16 with aortic stenosis), nine patients with coronary heart disease, and seven controls. In various forms of hypertrophy, a new atrial-like light chain 1 occurred in two-dimensional electrophoresis of total tissue homogenates amounting up to 29% of total light chain 1. Total light chain 1 content remained constant in all groups when related to tropomyosin. The mean content of this atrial light chain 1 was highest in dilated cardiomyopathy (12.1%), less in cases with pressure (6.4%) and volume overload (2.9%), but as low in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (0.3%) as in controls (0.4%). In cases with coronary heart disease without prior infarction, it was lower (0.6%) than with infarction (1.9%). Its occurrence was not affected by digoxin administration. In ventricular myocardium, an atrial-like light chain 2 was never observed. Peptide patterns after limited proteolytic digestion of isolated myosin heavy chains from cases with pressure overload and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were identical to those from controls. The content of the atrial-like light chain 1 was not correlated to either muscle fiber diameter or nonmuscle tissue content, both of which were increased in all hypertrophy groups. In individual cases, no firm correlation could be established between atrial-like light chain 1 content and various parameters of ventricular load and function. However, a significant correlation resulted when the mean values of atrial-like light chain 1 content of each disease group were related to the respective mean values of peak circumferential wall stress (r = 0.96). Thus, the shift of myosin light chain 1 isoforms in ventricle seems to characterize biochemically the hypertrophy process induced by mechanical stress.
Infected Liver Cyst after Adrenaline Injection for Active Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: J-P. Rutten, F. Wolters, R. van Schelven, C. Dejong
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

An 82-year-old man was referred to our hospital with an expanding liver cyst that was compressing the inferior vena cava. His medical history revealed hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a hip prosthesis, and surgery for varices. At the referring hospital the patient had been treated endoscopically for upper gastrointestinal bleeding by circumferential adrenaline injection of a duodenal ulcer with adherent clot, using a 4 mm long and 0.2 mm thick needle, following which the bleeding stopped.
The appropriateness of tympanostomy tubes for children
Authors: C. D. Bluestone
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —We are concerned about several aspects of the report by Dr Kleinman and colleagues 1 on use of tympanostomy tubes in children. Children with recurrent acute otitis media who fail antibiotic prophylaxis are appropriately considered for placement of ventilating tubes but were identified as inappropriate or equivocal in the report. We have identified tube insertion for this indication in our publications, 2 and there is additional convincing evidence to support this usage. 3,4 A recent clinical trial reported in 1992 by Casselbrant and coworkers 5 addressed this question and again supported use of tympanostomy tubes for children with recurrent acute otitis media who fail antibiotic prophylaxis. The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria such as penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae during the past few years may make indications for surgical intervention an even more important alternative to antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis.  We participated in the panel convened by Value Health
Andrew Kenneth Burroughs (1953–2014)
Authors: Paolo Muiesan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Professor Andrew K. Burroughs contributed with his enthusiasm and professional skills to a number of scientific societies. I would like to think that ELITA was his favourite. He started as a Council member and succeeded Patrizia Burra as Chair in 2009. His professional achievements as are too numerous to capture in just a few words but simply put, he was one of the greatest hepatologists of our times. I would like to remember him for being an amazing individual, absolutely out of the ordinary. In difficult times Andy put enormous effort and expertise to the benefit of ELITA and was loved by all of us for his amazing qualities. Andy was full of energy and ideas and worked hard for the good of our society. He was a great and kind friend, incredibly generous with his time to all those who needed his precious advice. Andy was eagerly returning your call and willing to help you. This was despite his huge clinical workload, his editorial and academic commitments and numerous invitations to meetings. Yet he was a very humble man, shared an office with a number of colleagues who were also close friends and his desk was small and piled high with columns of paperwork. He would not have wanted it any different. For all of us who had the privilege to work with Andy in ELITA and ESOT, just being next to him taught us so much about professional dedication, honesty, generous behaviour and not the least courage and dignity which he demonstrated during his fight with cancer. I miss you Andy and so do all the current and past ELITA members.
Nobody's Fault: Physicians Must Fight for Care That Is Necessary
Authors: Bruce L. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was greatly disturbed after reading the well-written account of a serious complication following cataract surgery, entitled "Nobody's Fault."<sup>1</sup>I could not better express what must have been the feelings of all those involved better than Dr Strahlman did. What was most disturbing, however, was that an apparently competent, sensitive, and caring physician seemed so resigned to the idea that "the decision to admit patients to the hospital before surgery is no longer in the hands of physicians." If ever there were a self-fulfilling prophecy, Dr Strahlman's final paragraph has illustrated it all too well. When we as physicians believe that certain care is necessary, we should not permit insurers to deny payment because the services are considered unnecessary without clearly expressing our opinions that the services are necessary and that they should be covered. True, payment may be denied anyway, and the patient may be
LYMPHOGEANULOMATOSIS BENIGNA IN THE LIGHT OF PROLONGED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND AUTOPSY FINDINGS.*
Authors: JORGEN SCHAUMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article LYMPHOGEANULOMATOSIS BENIGNA IN THE LIGHT OF PROLONGED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND AUTOPSY FINDINGS. Get access JÖRGEN SCHAUMANN, M.D. JÖRGEN SCHAUMANN, M.D. Finsen Institute (Director, Dr. J. Schaumann) and the Anatomo‐Pathological Laboratory (Director, Dr. F. Wahlgren), Hospital St. Goran, Stockholm Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1936, Pages 399–446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10366.x Published: 01 August 1936
226. Transcription- Activating Effect of the Synthetic Water-Soluble Polyampholytes
Authors: Misa Yamashita, Tomoko Ito, Naoko Iida-Tanaka, Yoshiyuki Koyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: Plasmid/polycation complex is widely explored as a non-viral transgene vector, but low gene-expression efficiency compared to viral vector has been a problem. It would partly be caused by the low transcription activity of the tightly compacted plasmid complex with polycation. We have reported that coating of plasmid/polycation binary complexes by an anionic poly(ethylene glycole) derivative having carboxyl pendants (PEG-C) exhibited not only protecting effect against blood components but enhanced transgene expression. It would be attributed to the transcriptional enhancing effect of PEG-C, which would relax the compacted plasmid/polycation complex to facilitate the approach of transcription factors.
Characterization and Clinical Application of the Significance Band for Acute Respiratory Alkalosis
Authors: Gerald S. Arbus, Lee A. Hebert, Paul R. Levesque, Benjamin E. Etsten, William B. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The acid-base composition of plasma during hypocapneic anesthesia in man has been used to construct a 95 per cent significance band defining the acute steady-state response to reduced carbon dioxide tensions. The physiologic response to acute respiratory alkalosis with carbon dioxide tensions ranging from 15 to 35 mm of mercury falls within a zone approximately 6 nanomoles per liter wide for hydrogen ion activity and 5 mEq per liter wide for bicarbonate concentration. The present data, taken together with previous studies on acute hypercapnia, permit construction of a significance band encompassing carbon dioxide tensions between 15 and 90 mm of mercury; this band may be used as a nomogram for assessing complicating metabolic components in acute respiratory acid-base disorders. Although a value that lies outside the significance band indicates a mixed acid-base disturbance, a value falling within the band does not necessarily denote the presence of an uncomplicated acute respiratory alkalosis. In fact, the chemical findings in certain complex acid-base disorders may be indistinguishable from those seen in an uncomplicated respiratory disorder.
Cathepsin S Deficiency Confers Protection from Neonatal Hyperoxia-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Hiroshi Hirakawa, Richard A. Pierce, Gulbin Bingol-Karakoc, Cagatay Karaaslan, MeiQian Weng, Guo-Ping Shi, Ali Saad, Ekkehard Weber, Thomas J. Mariani, Barry Starcher, Steve D. Shapiro, Sule Cataltepe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that adversely affects long-term pulmonary function as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Elastolytic proteases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD. Cathepsin S (cat S) is a cysteine protease with potent elastolytic activity. Increased levels and activity of cat S have been detected in a baboon model of BPD.Objectives: To investigate whether deficiency of cat S alters the course of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury in mice.Methods: Newborn wild-type and cat S–deficient mice were exposed to 80% oxygen for 14 days. Histologic and morphometric analysis were performed and bronchoalveolar lavage protein and cells were analyzed. Lung elastin was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, desmosine analysis, and Hart's stain. Distribution of myofibroblasts was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Hydroxyproline content of lung tissues was measured.Measurements and Main Results: Hyperoxia-exposed cat S–deficient mice were protected from growth restriction and had improved alveolarization, decreased septal wall thickness, lower number of macrophages, and lower protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. α-Smooth muscle actin–expressing myofibroblasts accounted for at least some of the increased interstitial cellularity in hyperoxia-exposed mouse lungs and were significantly less in cat S–deficient lungs. Lung hydroxyproline content was increased in hyperoxia-exposed wild-type, but not in cat S–deficient lungs. Desmosine content was significantly reduced in both genotypes with hyperoxia.Conclusions: Cathepsin S deficiency improves alveolarization, and attenuates macrophage influx and fibroproliferative changes in hyperoxia-induced neonatal mouse lung injury.
Abstract PR16: A new class of small molecule acetyltransferase inhibitors discovered through high-throughput screening are potent anticancer agents with cancer-type specific activity
Authors: Heng Yang, Christie E. Pinello, Jian Luo, Dawei Li, Yunfei Wang, Zhao Y. Lisa, Stephan C. Jahn, S. Adrian Saldanha, Jamie Planck, Kyla R. Geary, Haiching Ma, Brian K. Law, William R. Roush, Peter Hodder, Daiqing Liao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Acetyltransferase p300 (KAT3B) plays key roles in signaling cascades that support cancer cell survival and sustained proliferation. p300 is overexpressed in several types of cancer, which correlates with tumor progression. Thus, p300 represents a rational anticancer therapeutic target. To discover novel anticancer agents that target p300, we conducted a high-throughput screening campaign. A library of 622,079 compounds was assayed for cytotoxicity to the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 but not to the human mammary epithelial cells. The resulting compounds were tested in a biochemical assay for inhibiting the enzymatic activity of p300. One compound (L002, NSC764414) displayed an IC50 of 1.98 μM against p300 in vitro, inhibited acetylation of histones and p53, and suppressed STAT3 activation in cell-based assays. L002 could be docked to the active site of the p300 catalytic domain. Biochemical tests of a series of related compounds revealed functional groups that may impact inhibitory potency of L002 against p300. Interestingly, these analogs showed inhibitory activities against CBP (the cellular paralog of p300), PCAF and GCN5, but not to other acetyltransferases (KAT5, KAT6B and KAT7), histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone methyltransferases. Among the NCI-60 panel of cancer cell lines, leukemia and lymphoma cell lines were extremely sensitive to L002, whereas it is toxic to only a limited number of cell lines derived from solid tumors. Notably, breast cancer cell lines, especially those derived from TNBC, were highly susceptible to L002. In vivo, it potently suppressed tumor growth and histone acetylation of MDA-MB-468 xenografts. Thus, these new acetyltransferase inhibitors are potential anticancer therapeutics with specific activities against breast cancer and hematological malignancies. This abstract is also presented as Poster B43. Citation Format: Heng Yang, Christie E. Pinello, Jian Luo, Dawei Li, Yunfei Wang, Zhao Y. Lisa, Stephan C. Jahn, S. Adrian Saldanha, Jamie Planck, Kyla R. Geary, Haiching Ma, Brian K. Law, William R. Roush, Peter Hodder, Daiqing Liao. A new class of small molecule acetyltransferase inhibitors discovered through high-throughput screening are potent anticancer agents with cancer-type specific activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR16.
In search of a good death: Human Rights Act 1998 imposes an obligation to facilitate a good death
Authors: J. Samanta
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Ellershaw and Ward argue eloquently for the compassionate care of dying patients.1 We believe that the Human Rights Act 1998 (“the act”) may impose a positive obligation on NHS providers to facilitate a good death.

The act effectively incorporates the articles of the European Convention of Human Rights into domestic legislation. Article 3 provides for freedom from degrading treatment. …
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Is a Zac Target Gene Mediating Zac Antiproliferation
Authors: Thomas Barz, Anke Hoffmann, Markus Panhuysen, Dietmar Spengler
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Zac is a C2H2 zinc finger protein, which regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through DNA binding and transactivation. During tumorigenesis and in response to mitogenic activation, Zac gene expression is down-regulated in a methylation-sensitive manner. As yet, no target genes have been identified that could explain the potent antiproliferative function of Zac. Here, applying genome-wide expression analysis, we identify peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new bona fide Zac target gene, which is induced by direct Zac binding to the proximal PPARγ1 promoter. We show that in human colon carcinoma cells, ZAC activates expression of PPARγ target genes in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that treatment of pituitary tumor cells with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, leads to Zac induction and subsequent Zac-dependent up-regulation of PPARγ, which thereupon mediates part of the antiproliferative activity of Zac. Our work provides a first step toward elucidating a functional relationship between Zac and PPARγ that could be relevant to the understanding of tumorigenesis and diabetes as well. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11975-82)
Ten Years of Colonoscopy
Authors: P. Frühmorgen, G. Laudage, W. Matek
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Over the last 10 years, 6170 colonoscopies have been performed at the Medical Department of the University of Erlangen. On the basis of these examinations, an overview, largely tabular in form, of the developments in the endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract is presented. An assessment of the individual results obtained has intentionally not been undertaken. Present possibilities and requirements are presented by the diagnostic and therapeutic tasks and the solutions thus far employed.
Unilateral Absent Perfusion of the Lung
Authors: Thomas A. Tomsick
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Common  1. Bronchogenic Carcinoma1  Less Common   Pulmonary embolism'  Parenchymal or pleural disease, severe1    Congenital heart disease, after shunting procedure1  After pneumonectomy1   Rare   Hyperlucent lung syndrome1  Stenosis of pulmonary artery, hypoplasia, or agenesis of the lung or pulmonary artery2,3  Endobronchial foreign body4,5  Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease6  Bronchial adenoma7   (The Gamut approach to roentgenologic diagnosis has been applied to nuclear medicine [L.E. Holder et al, unpublished data]. Though scintiscan abnormalities are often less specific than roentgenographic changes, the method has proved useful.)  Diagnosis  Bronchogenic carcinoma.  Comment  The patient was a 73-year-old man with a chronic cough who had been a two-pack-per-day cigarette smoker for many years. The chest roentgenogram (Fig 1) was taken when he complained of coughing up a few flecks of blood. Hemoptysis continued, and one month later a perfusion lung scan with macroaggregated iodinated I 131 serum albumin was obtained
Kennedy Urges Further Pharmaceutical Regulation
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Kennedy Urges Further Pharmaceutical RegulationStarting from the position that (1) the pharmaceutical industry is by and large a model of rapacity, and (2) that most physicians know as much about pharmacology as their gas-station attendants know about petroleum chemistry, Senator Kennedy, chairman of the Health Subcommittee, has introduced a bill aimed at substantially altering the relation between the medical profession and the industry.Entitled the Drug Utilization and Improvement Act of 1974, the bill emanates from six months of investigations and hearings that showed large segments of the industry employing sales tactics that even peddlers of swampland cottage sites . . .
Hospitals report increase in gram-negative infections
Authors: W. A. Altemeier
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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