tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mandela presents his concerns about AIDS policy to ANC committee
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

1. A technique is described for recording the constrictions and dilatations of the excised guinea pig trachea when exposed to drugs. 2. The tracheal muscle of the guinea pig has been found a suitable preparation for the study of antispasmodic drugs. The long sustained contractions produced by the spasmogenic agents were found to facilitate the study of both onset of action and duration of the effect of the spasmolytic drug. 3. The guinea pig trachea was found to exhibit good smooth muscle reactions similar to those of the bronchi. Well-known bronchodilators as epinephrine, aminophylline and papaverine were found to dilate the normal or untreated trachea and all three drugs relieved the spasms induced by histamine, acetyl-choline and barium chloride. 4. Atropine, Novatropine, Syntropan, Trasentin and Benadryl did not dilate the normal or untreated trachea, failed to relieve barium chloride spasm but were found to counteract acetylcholine action. Of this group of drugs only atropine and Benadryl were effective against histamine, the latter being outstanding in this respect.
Growth failure and outcomes in infants with biliary atresia: A report from the Biliary Atresia Research Consortium
Authors: Patricia A. DeRusso, Wen Ye, Ross Shepherd, Barbara A. Haber, Benjamin L. Shneider, Peter F. Whitington, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Jorge A. Bezerra, Philip Rosenthal, Saul Karpen, Robert H. Squires, John C. Magee, Patricia R. Robuck, Ronald J. Sokol
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Malnutrition is a significant clinical problem in infants with biliary atresia. The natural history of poor growth and its potential association with early transplantation or death in children with biliary atresia was determined. Serial weight- and length-for-age z-scores were computed as part of a retrospective study of 100 infants who underwent hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) for biliary atresia at 9 U.S. pediatric centers between 1997 and 2000. Poor outcome was defined as transplantation or death by 24 months of age (n = 46) and good outcome was defined as survival with native liver at 24 months of age with total serum bilirubin less than 6 mg/dL (n = 54). Growth velocity was significantly slower in the poor outcome group compared to the good outcome group ( P &lt; 0.001 for both weight and length). Mean weight z-scores were significantly lower by 6 months after HPE in the poor outcome group (−2.1 ± 1.4) compared to the good outcome group (−1.2 ± 1.4) ( P &lt; 0.001). In a subgroup with total bilirubin between 2 and 6 mg/dL at 3 months after HPE (n = 28), the weight z-scores at 3 months after HPE were significantly lower in the poor outcome group (−2.0 ±1.2) compared to the good outcome group (−1.0 ± 1.2) ( P = 0.04) despite similar bilirubin concentrations. Conclusion: Growth failure after HPE was associated with transplantation or death by 24 months of age. The combination of intermediate bilirubin concentrations and poor mean weight z-scores 3 months after HPE was also associated with poor clinical outcome.
Barbara Hepworth's hospital drawings
Authors: Richard Cork
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Nobody could have guessed that Barbara Hepworth’s contact with a surgeon would suddenly produce, after the second world war, an outstanding series of drawings inspired by hospital operations.1 She was, after all, renowned for her controversial achievements as an abstract sculptor. So why did she start work on these powerful images of surgeons, while tirelessly visiting operating theatres in Exeter and London as her fascination with the subject deepened?

Hepworth’s involvement with operations began in 1944, when her young daughter Sarah had osteomyelitis. After Sarah was bandaged “in plaster of Paris from head to toe,” Hepworth’s anxiety became intense. But even then, she was fascinated enough to notice that “the moulding of plaster jackets . . . was very near to my own profession.” As Sarah’s illness became protracted, Hepworth and her husband Ben Nicholson found the medical bills ever more daunting. Yet she received heartwarming sympathy and support from the surgeon Norman Capener. Unlike so many British art lovers of that period, he relished modern art at its most adventurous. Capener was an amateur painter, and was particularly fascinated by the mutually rewarding relation between avant-garde art and music. He told Nicholson that Hepworth’s sculpture had “a very striking similarity to Bach’s more abstract work.” Capener began purchasing her art, and he also backed up their friendship by waiving his surgeon’s fee.

In the summer of 1947, Capener sensed that Hepworth’s central involvement with the structure of the human body might mean that she would find stimulus in observing an operation. He had transferred the ailing Sarah from a modest Cornish hospital, near Hepworth’s home in St Ives, to the far larger Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital in Exeter. Capener seized his moment when he stayed in St Ives to recover from jaundice. Visiting Hepworth, he asked her if …
843. MicroPET Imaging of HSV-TK Activity To Assess Cancer-Specific Gene Expression Targeted at the Level of Protein Translation Initiation
Authors: Don A. Sibley, Shayne Barlow, Ricky DeBenedetti, David T. Curiel, J. Michael Mathis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Current cancer gene therapies are hindered by poor gene delivery and lack of tumor specificity. In order to enhance tumor specificity, the therapeutic suicide gene HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) sequence was modified with a 5' upstream-untranslated region (5'-UTR) from the rat bFGF mRNA. This modification restricts protein translation of the suicide gene and cytotoxicity to cancer cells previously shown to express high levels of the translation initiation factor eIF4E. MicroPET scans utilizing a MicroPET rodent four-ring system (modelR4) from CTI Concord Microsystems, LLC (Knoxville, TN) imaging the radiolabled HSV1-TK substrate 18F-penciclovir were used to test suicide gene delivery and selective expression in tumor cells with in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models. A non- lytic adenovirus vector containing the HSV1-TK gene (Ad-TK) or the HSV1-TK gene modified with a 5'-UTR (Ad-UTK) was used to deliver the suicide gene in both model systems. In vitro model studies compared TK expression from the two vectors in human breast epithelial cells MCF-10A, and MCF-10A cells stably transfected to express high levels of eIF4E (MCF-10A-4E). Administration of Ad-TK and Ad-UTK to non-tumor bearing nu/nu mice and nu/nu mice bearing human breast cancer tumors was used to compare in vivo expression of TK in non-tumor and tumor tissues, respectively. Analysis of emission data from these studies showed that Ad-TK administration resulted in broad expression of TK activity in normal and tumor tissues, whereas expression of suicide gene activity from Ad-UTK vector administration was restricted to the human breast epithelial cells expressing high levels of eIF4E (MCF-10A-4E) and the human breast cancer tumor tissues.
Company in alleged generic drugs cartel pays undisclosed sum to NHS
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Kent Pharmaceuticals has agreed to pay the health service an undisclosed sum as the latest settlement in a long running civil action against generic drug manufacturers. The companies had been accused of operating an illegal cartel to fix the price of their products, depriving the NHS of tens of millions of pounds.

Kent’s agreement to pay without admitting liability follows three sets of claims launched between 2002 and 2004 against eight companies that were accused of depriving the NHS of more than £150m (€170m; $225m). Five others, …
Persistence of Fetal Ductus Function after Birth
Authors: HERBERT L. ABRAMS
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Within recent years there has been increasing interest in the presence of reversed flow through the ductus arteriosus. Most reported cases have been in older children and young adults. There is a group of cases in which the ductus serves as a site of a veno-arterial shunt in infancy, and thus continues to perform its fetal function. The conditions under which veno-arterial shunting persists after birth are illustrated and analyzed, and an effort is made to clarify the common features of these lesions.
Mechanism of Liver Gene Transfer by Mechanical Massage
Authors: Feng Liu, Jing Lei, Regis Vollmer, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Many metabolic diseases are caused by defects in the metabolic pathways in the liver. Others result from the absence of specific proteins normally produced and secreted by the liver. Because these metabolic disorders are usually caused by single gene defect, they are ideal candidates for gene therapy. We have previously shown that mouse liver can be transfected by mechanically massaging the liver (MML) after intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA. We now show a significant linear relationship between the level of liver gene expression and the venous blood pressure, supporting the idea that gene transfer by MML is due, at least in part, to pressure-mediated effect. Liver transfection could not be blocked by co-injection of excess irrelevant DNA or poly I, suggesting that there is no involvement of receptors, including the scavenger receptor, in MML. Moreover, the level of gene expression could be further enhanced by a combination of MML and an increase in DNA retention-time in the liver. Persistence of gene expression could be significantly improved using an EBV-based plasmid vector. Our data suggest the mechanical massage produces transient membrane defects through which naked DNA can enter into the liver cells by simple diffusion.
Spontaneous clearance of primary acute hepatitis C virus infection correlated with high initial viral RNA level and rapid HVR1 evolution
Authors: Lin Liu, Brian E. Fisher, David L. Thomas, Andrea L. Cox, Stuart C. Ray
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The aim of this study is to determine whether early viral dynamics and evolution predict outcome of primary acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV- and human immunodeficiency virus-negative injection drug users were enrolled prospectively and followed monthly to identify acute HCV infection using RNA detection. Subjects with more than 1 month between HCV-RNA-negative and -positive visits were excluded to ensure stringent acute infection. Differences in medians of log-transformed viral RNA levels and evolutionary rates in each gene of a 5'-hemigenomic amplicon were assessed using Mann-Whitney's rank-sum test. Correlation coefficient was calculated using Spearman's rank order. Initial viremia level was 50-fold higher in subjects with spontaneous clearance (compared with persistence) of primary acute HCV infection (median, 7.1 versus 5.4 log(10) IU/mL; P = 0.002). Initial viremia level in subjects with interleukin (IL)28B-C allele at rs12979860 and clearance was higher than that in subjects with IL28B-T allele and persistence (P = 0.001). Evolutionary rates in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) region of the E2 gene were significantly higher in self-resolvers than those in persistence subjects during early infection, whereas other genes or regions had comparable rates. All major substitutions in HVR1 in persistence subjects were convergent changes, whereas over the same time interval clearance subjects displayed divergent evolution, indicating different immune responses between the two groups.Spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection is predicted by high initial viremia as well as favorable IL28B genotype and is associated with rapid envelope-sequence evolution. This linkage of host genetics, viral dynamics, and evolution provides new directions for mechanistic studies. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:1684-1691).
The Effect on Test Ordering of Informing Physicians of the Charges for Outpatient Diagnostic Tests
Authors: William M. Tierney, Michael E. Miller, Clement J. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We studied the effect of informing physicians of the charges for outpatient diagnostic tests on their ordering of such tests in an academic primary care medical practice. All tests were ordered at microcomputer workstations by 121 physicians. For half (the intervention group), the charge for the test being ordered and the total charge for tests for that patient on that day were displayed on the computer screen. The remaining physicians (control group) also used the computers but received no message about charges. The primary outcomes measured were the number of tests ordered and the charges for tests per patient visit.
Leiomyosarcoma of Kidney
Authors: Mazhar U. Islam
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an exhaustive review, only 34 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney could be found. Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor consisting of elements of smooth muscle fibers. Crosbie and Piudoertjou<sup>1</sup>recognized the rarity of such neoplasms generally occurring in the uterus, occasionally in the ovary, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, breast, retroperitoneal tissue, and prostate; and extremely rarely in the kidney. They postulated that the smooth muscle fibers present in the renal capsule, renal pelvis, calyces, or blood vessel wall, undergo malignant transformation, giving rise to the leiomyosarcoma. Smith<sup>2</sup>reported one case of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney in 40 cases of tumor of the upper part of the urinary tract. In a review of 35 renal sarcomata removed surgically at the Mayo Clinic from 1904 to 1940, Weisel et al<sup>3</sup>found only three cases of leiomyosarcoma possibly originating from the smooth muscle elements of the renal
Pop Bottle Explosions
Authors: Paul S. Bergeson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To our knowledge, there are only two brief reports in the medical literature of injury sustained as a result of a carbonated soft-drink (pop) bottle explosion.<sup>1,2</sup>We report three such cases and review pertinent data on this hazard.<sup>1-5</sup> (<i>JAMA</i>238:1048-1049, 1977)
Role of ELISA D‐dimer test in patients with unstable angina pectoris presenting at the emergency department with a normal electrocardiogram
Authors: David Shitrit, Ariella Bar‐Gil Shitrit, Bernard Rudensky, Jaqueline Sulkes, Natan Gutterer, Dan Zviony
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Patients with unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction have higher than normal D‐dimer levels. The aim of the study was to determine the value of the D‐dimer test in patients with unstable angina pectoris and a normal electrocardiogram on presentation at the emergency department. The study sample included 81 patients who met these criteria. Blood samples collected at admission were subjected to ELISA D‐dimer. Findings were correlated with coronary risk factors, use of cardiac medications, blood levels of acute phase reactants (fibrinogen and C‐reactive protein), cardiac enzymes levels, length of hospital stay, and catheterization findings. ELISA D‐dimer levels were statistically significantly correlated with cardiac risk factors, namely male sex, older age, smoking, and hypertension ( r = 0.25, P = 0.02; r = 0.43, P = 0.0001; r = 0.26, P = 0.03; r = 0.35, P = 0.002, respectively), in addition to use of cardiac medications (beta blockers, aspirin, nitrates), levels of acute phase reactants, length of stay, and catheterization findings. On multivariate analysis, only D‐dimer level, age, and sex were predictors of length of stay ( P = 0.018). The study suggests that D‐dimer levels at admission to the emergency department may serve as an additional tool to predict the magnitude of unstable angina pectoris in patients with a normal electrocardiogram. Am. J. Hematol. 77:147–150, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Language evolution without evolution
Authors: Derek Bickerton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Jackendoff's major syntactic exemplar is deeply unrepresentative of most syntactic relations and operations. His treatment of language evolution is vulnerable to Occam's Razor, hypothesizing stages of dubious independence and unexplained adaptiveness, and effectively divorcing the evolution of language from other aspects of human evolution. In particular, it ignores connections between language and the massive discontinuities in human cognitive evolution.
Drug Therapy in the Heart Transplant Recipient
Authors: JoAnn Lindenfeld, Robert L. Page, Ronald Zolty, Simon F. Shakar, Marilyn Levi, Brian Lowes, Eugene E. Wolfel, Geraldine G. Miller
Journal: Circulation (2005)

ontinued improvement in the long-term survival of heart transplant recipients has resulted in a population of patients with prolonged exposure to immunosuppressive drugs. 1 This exposure, coupled with the increasing age of recipients, has resulted in an impressive prevalence of comorbidities in these patients.Indeed, by 5 years after transplantation, 95% of recipients have hypertension, 81% have hyperlipidemia, and 32% have diabetes. 13][4][5] As more drugs are developed to both prevent and treat these problems and common infectious complications after transplantation, it is likely that the heart transplant recipient will be taking an increasing number of drugs.Because standard immunosuppressive drugs have a high potential for drug-drug interactions, the heart transplant recipient is subject to an enormous risk for drug-drug interactions.In this article, we briefly review common medical problems in heart transplant recipients that are routinely addressed with drug therapy.In Part IV of this series, we provide specific details of known important and common drug-drug interactions, along with recommendations for management. Coronary Allograft VasculopathyCAV was described in Part I of this series.The mechanism is incompletely understood but is likely a consequence of both immunologic and nonimmunologic factors. 3CAV is present in 42% of heart transplant recipients at 5 years. 3After the first posttransplantation year, CAV is responsible for Ϸ20% of all deaths. 1,6CAV often involves the coronary arteries in a diffuse fashion, making percutaneous coronary interventions or bypass surgery less effective in many cases.Prognosis remains poor after the development of CAV. 7 No effective prevention for CAV is available, although statins seem to improve prognosis in heart transplant recipients, at least in part by ameliorating CAV. 8 -10
Learning to Act on Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure to Limit Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: R. William Vandivier
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
MicroRNAs and Stem Cells
Authors: Eva-Marie Heinrich, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms regulating self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs controlling gene expression, either by inducing mRNA degradation or by blocking mRNA translation. The expression of miRs was shown to regulate various aspects of stem cell functions, including the maintenance and induction of pluripotency for reprogramming. In addition, some miRs control cell fate decisions. This review summarizes the role of miRs in reprogramming and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, and specifically addresses the regulation of cardiovascular cell fate decisions by miRs.
DETECTION OF A MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PHENOTYPE IN ACUTE NON-LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: D.D.F. Ma, R.A. Davey, D.H. Harman, J.P. Isbister, R.D. Scurr, S.M. Mackertich, G. Dowden, D.R. Bell
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
mTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation
Authors: Young Chul Kim, Kun-Liang Guan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase, is a master regulator of cellular metabolism. mTOR regulates cell growth and proliferation in response to a wide range of cues, and its signaling pathway is deregulated in many human diseases. mTOR also plays a crucial role in regulating autophagy. This Review provides an overview of the mTOR signaling pathway, the mechanisms of mTOR in autophagy regulation, and the clinical implications of mTOR inhibitors in disease treatment.
Abstract 58: An Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation Device Improved Cardiac Output in Porcine Peritonitis
Authors: Roy D Goldfarb, J Douglas Jaffe, Marc D Torjman, Ludmil Mitrev, Anja Metzger, Keith Lurie, Joseph E Parrillo, R Phillip Dellinger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Septic shock initiates multiple pathophysiologic pathways manifesting as microvascular hypoperfusion, cellular dysfunction and ultimately tissue death. Septic shock is characterized by reduced cardiac output. To improve cardiac output in septic shock, we tested an Intrathoracic Pressure Regulator (IPR), a novel, non-invasive therapy which decreases intrathoracic pressure during passive exhalation in mechanically ventilated patients. By creating a more negative intrathoracic pressure during exhalation, IPR enhances venous return and thereby increases cardiac output. We hypothesized that intermittent IPR therapy will transiently improve cardiac output without fluid resuscitation in porcine peritonitis. Materials and Methods: 9 female Yorkshire pigs (30-40kg) were anesthetized with isofluorane, intubated, mechanically ventilated, instrumented with a Swan-Ganz and a femoral artery catheter. Animals were assigned to either a treatment group (n=4) or a control group (n=5). Following a one hour period of hemodynamic monitoring, a fibrin clot containing 4x109 cfu.kg-1 E. coli O11.B4 was implanted into the peritoneum. Two hours after implantation, IPR was applied for cycles of 30 minutes on and 15 minutes off. This treatment regimen was performed for six hours in total or until the animal met euthanasia criteria. The control group was monitored without the IPR for 6 hours or until meeting euthanasia criteria. The primary outcome measurement was maximum change in cardiac index during IPR. Results: During ITP therapy, cardiac index rose 0.125 L/minute/m2 in treated animals whereas in time matched controls, cardiac index rose 0.011L/minute/m2 (P&lt;0.05). In treated animals, ITP therapy caused pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to drop significantly when compared to before therapy or after therapy; whereas in time matched control animals, PVR increased over time. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that IPR treatment for septic shock caused significant increases in cardiac output and decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance. Further studies are needed to determine the potential clinical benefit of this non-invasive circulatory enhancement technology.