tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post operative surgical patients can be successfully managed using the target oxygen saturation scheme with the BTS emergency oxygen guidance
Authors: Anthony Davison, Adam Woolf, Sherrie Tucker, Stephen Ward, Lisa Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Too little and too much oxygen can both prove fatal. The BTS Guideline for Emergency Oxygen used in adult patients was published in 2008. The essence of the guideline was that oxygen is prescribed according to a target saturation range and the patients subsequently be kept within the target range. The target saturation could be used in the post operative period although this was not covered in detail in the guideline. In this hospital, Anaesthetists prescribe oxygen post-operatively to target saturation. This study investigated whether this is successful.

Methods: 49 patients were studied in the post-operative ward and in the surgical ward to examine whether the BTS guideline was being followed.

Results: All patients had been prescribed oxygen to a target saturation of 94-98%. Patients on the post operative ward from 45-90 minutes. Saturations were checked every 15 minutes on all patients. Only 3 saturations were below 94% and all were on the initial recording in the post op ward. The oxygen saturation was above 98% in 30 of the 42 patients on oxygen at 15 minutes and 24/40 at 30 minutes. At 60 minutes on the post op ward, 6 patients were on nasal specs (NS), 24 on simple face masks (SM) on arrival on the surgical ward, 16 were on NS and 2 were on SM. In 25 oxygen had been stopped and there was no data on 6 patients. In 6 patients on SM the flow was reduced below 5 L/min. Re-breathing may occur and this is not recommended.

Conclusion: The BTS Emergency Oxygen Guideline the target saturations can be successfully used in post operative surgical patients. Low oxygen saturations were rare but high saturations were common.
Colony Morphology and Heritability of Anchorage-Independent Growth Among Spontaneously Transformed Balb/3T3 Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Harry Rubin, Cynthia A. Romerdahl, Berbie M. Chu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A clone of spontaneously transformed Balb/3T3 cells produced four different types of colonies in agar. Flat colonies arose at the interface between bottom and top layers of agar, two types of somewhat flattened compact colonies arose within the top layer, and mixed colonies developed when the compact colonies contacted the interface. The proportions of different colony types could be altered by varying the volume, concentration, and gelling rate of the agar. Spherical colonies only appeared in ungelled medium. None of the colony types bred true, showing that their morphologies depended on local conditions. When cells from a subpopulation with low colony-forming efficiency in agar (CFE) were cloned on plastic, all clones formed colonies in agar and did so with about the same CFE as the parental population. Colonies isolated from agar had no higher CFE than the parental population. The results indicate a great phenotypic heterogeneity in anchorage-independent growth, even in cloned populations of transformed cells.
Evaluation of the Alvarado Score in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: T D Owen, H Williams, G Stiff, L R Jenkinson, B I Rees
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Use of the Alvarado scoring system was assessed prospectively in a consecutive series of 215 patients with suspected appendicitis over a 12 month period at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. In comparison the high negative appendicectomy rate during the year prior to the study was reduced considerably with the scoring system without increasing morbidity or mortality.
Reliability, validity & responsiveness of the five-repetition sit-to-stand test in COPD
Authors: Sarah E. Jones, Samantha S.C. Kon, Jane L. Canavan, Mehul S. Patel, Amy L. Clark, Claire M. Nolan, Michael I. Polkey, William D.-C. Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Limitations of space and learning effect prevent use of exercise tests in healthcare settings. The five-repetition Sit to Stand test (STS) measures the fastest time to stand and sit 5 times with arms folded. Normal values and reliability data for STS exist but there is a lack of data in COPD.  Aim  To show reliability of STS; the relationship between STS and incremental shuttle walk (ISW) and quadricep strength (QMVC); establish STS response to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and estimate minimum clinically important difference (MID) in COPD.  Method  Test-retest and inter-observer reliability were assessed in 80 and 50 COPD patients. STS, ISW, QMVC were measured in 475 patients. Relationships between STS, ISW, QMVC were assessed using Spearman rank correlation. STS, ISW and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were measured pre/post an 8-week PR program. Anchor based methods (to those achieving known MID for ISW and SGRQ, and patient self-report) were used to estimate the MID.  Results  Test-retest and inter-observer reliability were excellent (ICC 0.99 and 1.00). STS correlated significantly with ISW (r=-0.59; p Conclusion  The STS is reliable, correlates with ISW and QMVC and is responsive to PR in COPD patients. MID is between -1.5 and -2.0 secs. The STS may be a practical functional outcome tool suitable to use in most healthcare settings.
Tumor Susceptibility of <i>Rassf1a</i> Knockout Mice
Authors: Stella Tommasi, Reinhard Dammann, Zhongqiu Zhang, Yian Wang, Limin Liu, Walter M. Tsark, Sharon P. Wilczynski, Jie Li, Ming You, Gerd P. Pfeifer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The human Ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1) gene is located at 3p21.3 in an area that is believed to harbor at least one important tumor suppressor gene. The two major isoforms of RASSF1, RASSF1A and RASSF1C, are distinguished by alternative NH(2)-terminal exons and the two transcripts initiate in two separate CpG islands. RASSF1A is one of the most frequently inactivated genes described thus far in human solid tumors. Inactivation of RASSF1A most commonly involves methylation of the promoter and CpG island associated with the RASSF1A isoform. In contrast, RASSF1C is almost never inactivated in tumors. Here, we have derived Rassf1a knockout mice in which exon 1-alpha of the Rassf1 gene was deleted, leading to specific loss of Rassf1a but not Rassf1c transcripts. Rassf1a-targeted mice were viable and fertile. Rassf1a(-/-) mice were prone to spontaneous tumorigenesis in advanced age (18-20 months). Whereas only two tumors developed in 48 wild-type mice, six tumors were found in 35 Rassf1a(+/-) mice (P < 0.05) and thirteen tumors were found in 41 Rassf1a(-/-) mice (P < 0.001). The tumors in Rassf1a-targeted mice included lung adenomas, lymphomas, and one breast adenocarcinoma. Rassf1a(-/-) and wild-type mice were treated with two chemical carcinogens, benzo(a)pyrene and urethane, to induce skin tumors and lung tumors, respectively. Rassf1a(-/-) and Rassf1a(+/-) mice showed increased tumor multiplicity and tumor size relative to control animals. The data are consistent with the tumor-suppressive role of Rassf1a, which may explain its frequent epigenetic inactivation in human tumors.
CT measured pulmonary artery to aorta ratio as a predictor of pulmonary hypertension in COPD
Authors: Yoshio Nakahara, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Tomoki Kimura, Kensuke Kataoka, Toshiaki Matsuda, Toshiki Yokoyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in COPD is associated with morbidity and mortality.  Previous studies showed that pulmonary artery to aorta ratio (PA:A ratio) is associated with PH in patients with severe COPD who was evaluated for lung transplantation. However, it remains unknown in patients with COPD without resting hypoxemia.   Method   A retrospective observational study of COPD patients without resting hypoxemia at Tosei General Hospital between 2007 and 2013 was conducted to evaluate the relationships between PA:A ratio and pulmonary hemodynamics. Clinical characteristics, pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and SpO 2  at the end of the 6-min walk test (6MWT), CT scans and right heart catheterizations were reviewed. The PA diameter at the bifurcation and aorta diameter from the same CT image were measured. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed to determine the predictor of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP).   Result   68 consecutive patients with a mean predicted FEV 1  of 49±22% were evaluated. In univariate analysis, mPAP presented a positive correlation with CT-measured PA:A ratio (r=0.65, p CO  (r=-0.44,p 2  at the end of 6MWT (r=-0.68, p 2  at the end of 6MWT remained as independent predictors of mPAP (R 2 =0.63).   Conclusion   In addition to 6MWD and SpO 2  at the end of 6MWT, CT-measured PA:A ratio predicts PH in patients with COPD without resting hypoxemia.
P‐cadherin expression in Merkel cell carcinomas is associated with prolonged recurrence‐free survival
Authors: L. Vlahova, Y. Doerflinger, R. Houben, J.C. Becker, D. Schrama, C. Weiss, M. Goebeler, P. Helmbold, S. Goerdt, W.K. Peitsch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer, associated with advanced age, immunosuppression and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infections. As development and progression of cancer can be promoted by changes in cell adhesion proteins, we have previously analysed homo- and heterotypic cell-cell contacts of normal Merkel cells and MCCs and obtained indications for cadherin switching.To examine the prevalence and prognostic relevance of E-, N- and P-cadherin in MCCs.Paraffin-embedded MCC samples (n = 148) from 106 different patients were analysed by double-label immunostaining and immunofluorescence microscopy. MCV status was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cadherin repertoire and MCV status were correlated to clinical data, including tumour stage and recurrence-free survival.Ninety-one per cent of all MCC were positive for N-cadherin whereas only 61·6% and 70·3% expressed E- and P-cadherin, respectively. P-cadherin was significantly more frequent in primary tumours than in lymph node metastases (81·9% vs. 40·9%, P = 0·0002). Patients with P-cadherin-positive primary tumours were in earlier tumour stages at initial diagnosis (P = 0·0046). Both in log-rank tests (P = 0·0474) and in multiple Cox regression analysis including age, sex, immunosuppression, stage at initial diagnosis and MCV status (hazard ratio 0·193, P = 0·0373), patients with P-cadherin-positive primary MCCs had significantly prolonged recurrence-free survival (mean 25·2 vs. 10·6 months; median 9·0 vs. 4·0 months). MCV DNA was detected in 78·2% of all MCC, more frequently in P-cadherin-positive MCC (P = 0·0008).P-cadherin expression in MCCs predicts prolonged recurrence-free survival and may therefore indicate favourable prognosis.
Traction: risk factor or coincidence in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia?
Authors: N.P. Khumalo, F. Gumedze
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Traction: risk factor or coincidence in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia? Get access N.P. Khumalo, N.P. Khumalo Division of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Gumedze F. Gumedze Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa E‐mail: n.khumalo@uct.ac.za or, n_khumalo@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 5, 1 November 2012, Pages 1191–1193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11050.x Published: 01 November 2012
Plasma Cell Tumors in Experimental Chemotherapy: Consequence of Dose Variation on Host Survival and Paraprotein Synthesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Morris N. Teller, Matthew Bowie, C. Chester Stock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Plasma Cell Tumors in Experimental Chemotherapy: Consequence of Dose Variation on Host Survival and Paraprotein Synthesis Get access Morris N. Teller, Morris N. Teller Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matthew Bowie, Matthew Bowie Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Chester Stock C. Chester Stock Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 6, December 1970, Pages 1197–1203, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/45.6.1197 Published: 01 December 1970 Article history Received: 08 July 1970 Accepted: 04 September 1970 Published: 01 December 1970
Use of intracavitary cisplatin for the treatment of childhood solid tumors in the chest or abdominal cavity.
Authors: M W Boyer, C L Moertel, J R Priest, W G Woods
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Intracavitary (IC) delivery of cisplatin (CDDP) has been used in the treatment of a variety of adult malignancies based on the favorable pharmacokinetics obtained locally. Since IC CDDP has not been reported in children, we studied its use in a group of pediatric patients with regard to safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and responses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven patients with an age range of 8 months to 21 years with diagnoses of rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5), pleuropulmonary blastoma (n = 2), osteosarcoma (n = 2), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 1), and malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (n = 1) were studied. Eight patients received intrapleural (IPL) CDDP and three received intraperitoneal (IP) CDDP, either at diagnosis (n = 3) or relapse (n = 8), for malignant pleural effusion (n = 3), malignant ascites (n = 2), pleural-based tumor (n = 4), pulmonary metastases (n = 1), or abdominal tumor spillage (n = 1). RESULTS IC CDDP was well tolerated by pediatric patients. Two patients experienced a transient increase in serum creatinine levels (&gt; two times baseline) and two patients experienced severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count &lt; 500/microL). Pharmacokinectic measurements showed a 40-fold advantage for the pleural cavity versus serum after IPL CDDP and serum levels comparable to those achieved with systemic administration of CDDP. Four of five patients who received IC CDDP for malignant ascites or pleural effusion had at least a temporary response. Only three of 11 patients studied had local recurrences following IC CDDP. There are currently four survivors in the study group, including two long-term survivors at greater than 8 years since IPL CDDP treatment. CONCLUSION The safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of IC CDDP in pediatric patients are similar to that reported in adult patients. The low incidence of local recurrence following IC CDDP in this group of largely relapsed patients suggests that further study of IC CDDP for pediatric patients is warranted.
Remission of refractory pyoderma gangrenosum, severe acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH) syndrome using targeted antibiotic therapy in 4 patients
Authors: Olivier Join-Lambert, Sabine Duchatelet, Maïa Delage, Snaigune Miskinyte, Hélène Coignard, Nicolas Lemarchand, Murielle Alemy-Carreau, Olivier Lortholary, Xavier Nassif, Alain Hovnanian, Aude Nassif
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Interleukin-6 Stimulates Defective Angiogenesis
Authors: Ganga Gopinathan, Carla Milagre, Oliver M.T. Pearce, Louise E. Reynolds, Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke, David A. Leinster, Haihong Zhong, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Richard Thompson, James R. Whiteford, Frances Balkwill
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The cytokine IL6 has a number of tumor-promoting activities in human and experimental cancers, but its potential as an angiogenic agent has not been fully investigated. Here, we show that IL6 can directly induce vessel sprouting in the ex vivo aortic ring model, as well as endothelial cell proliferation and migration, with similar potency to VEGF. However, IL6-stimulated aortic ring vessel sprouts had defective pericyte coverage compared with VEGF-stimulated vessels. The mechanism of IL6 action on pericytes involved stimulation of the Notch ligand Jagged1 as well as angiopoietin2 (Ang2). When peritoneal xenografts of ovarian cancer were treated with an anti-IL6 antibody, pericyte coverage of vessels was restored. In addition, in human ovarian cancer biopsies, there was an association between levels of IL6 mRNA, Jagged1, and Ang2. Our findings have implications for the use of cancer therapies that target VEGF or IL6 and for understanding abnormal angiogenesis in cancers, chronic inflammatory disease, and stroke. Cancer Res; 75(15); 3098–107. ©2015 AACR.
Smoking, Menopause, and Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R A Hiatt, B H Fireman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

As part of a multiphasic health examination, breast cancer incidence was studied in a cohort of 84,172 women who reported their smoking habits between 1964 and 1972. After adjustment for race, education, marital status, body mass, parity, age of menarche, and alcohol consumption, women currently smoking at examination had a slight increase in the relative risk of breast cancer; relative risk for light smokers was 0.95 (95% confidence interval--0.80, 1.11); for moderate smokers, 1.22 (1.05, 1.43); and for heavy smokers, 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) compared with non-smokers. Consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen levels mediate a small protective effect of smoking on the risk of breast cancer, we found that moderate and heavy smoking were associated with a 1.29-year and a 1.48-year reduction in the age of menopause. A 1-year reduction in age of menopause was associated with a 0.97 reduction in the risk of breast cancer. However, there was no indication that the overall effect of smoking on breast cancer was protective.
High-dose salvage chemotherapy without bone marrow transplantation for adult patients with refractory Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: J M Tourani, R Levy, P Colonna, B Desablens, P Y Leprise, F Guilhot, S Brahimi, M Belhani, N Ifrah, L Sensebe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

For patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who do not achieve complete response (CR), who experience a relapse within the first year of CR, and for those who have two or more relapses, the outcome is poor. Salvage chemotherapy regimens at conventional doses produce a CR rate that ranges from 10% to 50% and a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) between 10% and 25%. On the other hand, high-dose chemotherapy regimens given in combination with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) produce a CR rate that ranges from 40% to 80% and a 3-year DFS of approximately 40%. We report the 5-year results of a prospective study in patients with refractory HD who were treated with three courses of intensive chemotherapy without BMT.Thirty-nine adult patients with refractory HD were treated with three courses of intensive chemotherapy. Each cycle of chemotherapy comprised vindesine 1 mg/m2/d in continuous intravenous (IV) infusion from day 1 to day 5; Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Roger Bellon Laboratories, Neuilly, France) 40 mg/m2/d in continuous IV infusion from day 1 to day 3; carmustine 140 mg/m2/d at day 3; etoposide 200 mg/m2/d from day 3 to day 5; and methylprednisolone 120 mg/m2/d from day 1 to day 5. After the third cycle of chemotherapy, irradiation (20 Gy) was performed whenever possible and depended on previous irradiation.At the end of the treatment, 31 patients (79%) were in CR. Among these patients, 10 relapsed after a median time of 3 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 46%. The freedom from progression (FFP) and the freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) rates were 48% and 43%, respectively. The main toxicities were hematologic (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and digestive. Four patients died due to treatment-related complications (two from septic shocks, one from respiratory insufficiency, and one from posttransfusional AIDS).The results of this study seem to be comparable to those results obtained with high-dose chemotherapies with autologous BMT.
Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer: improved disease control and survival.
Authors: M S Kies, D J Haraf, I Athanasiadis, M Kozloff, B Mittal, H Pelzer, A W Rademaker, B Wenig, R R Weichselbaum, E E Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine tumor response rate, patterns of failure, toxicity, and survival in advanced squamous head and neck cancer after a combined treatment program that consists of induction chemotherapy, organ-sparing surgery, and concurrent chemoradiation. Long-term outcome data are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between July 1991 and March 1993, 93 patients received three cycles of induction chemotherapy that consisted of cisplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU), l-leucovorin, and alpha-interferon2b (PFLl-alpha) followed by optional limited surgery and six to eight cycles of 5-FU, hydroxyurea, and concurrent radiation (FHX) to a total radiation dose of 65 to 75 Gy. RESULTS Ninety-three patients were entered onto this study and 97% had stage IV disease, with 66 patients who were N2 or N3. Sixty-one patients (66%) achieved a clinical complete remission (CR) after induction therapy. Thirty-four patients underwent surgery. Seventy-nine patients proceeded to FHX. With a median follow-up time of 43 months for surviving patients, 20 patients have had disease progression (13 local, two distant, five both), and there have been 35 deaths (18 from disease, six treatment-related, two from a second primary, and nine for other medical reasons). At 5 years, progression-free survival is 68%, and overall survival is 62%. Surgery was organ-preserving, as only a single laryngectomy and no glossectomies were performed in primary management. Acute toxicity related to PFLl-alpha consisted of severe or life-threatening mucositis in 57% and leucopenia in 65% of patients. During FHX, 81% of patients had grade 3 or 4 mucositis. CONCLUSION PFLl-alpha is a highly active regimen that induced clinical CR in two thirds of patients. When followed by limited surgery and FHX, resultant local and distant disease control, organ preservation, and overall 5-year survival are very promising in high-risk stage IV patients. Based on these local control and survival data, further evaluation of this treatment sequence, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation, is warranted. Identification of similarly active but less toxic regimens is a high priority.