tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DD genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: N Iwai, N Ohmichi, Y Nakamura, M Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The cardiac renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to be involved in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. In humans, a strong correlation has been found between plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene, which has been reported to be associated with myocardial infarction, ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the genotype of the ACE gene might influence the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.The study population consisted of 268 subjects randomly selected from our outpatient clinic. In 142 subjects, left ventricular mass (LVM) was determined by echocardiogram. The genotype of the ACE gene was determined by the polymerase chain reaction. ANCOVA revealed that the genotype of the ACE gene had no effect on blood pressure. The percentage of the explained variance of LVM with variables including diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P = .0001), body mass index (BMI, P = .0001), sex (P = .0009), and the genotype of the ACE gene (P = .0017) was 34.61%. Significant differences in the effects of the genotype of the ACE gene on LVM were observed between the II and DD (P = .0004) and between the ID and DD (P = .0077) genotypes. The percentage of the explained variance of the LVM/ht ratio with variables including sex (P = .134), age (P = .3655), the genotype of the ACE gene (P = .0014), BMI (P = .0001), and DBP (P = .0001) was 31.25%. Significant differences in the effects of the genotype of the ACE gene on LVM/ht were observed between the II and DD genotypes (P = .0003) and between the ID and DD genotypes (P = .0091).In addition to BMI and DBP, the genotype of the ACE gene was a significant predictor of LVM and LVM/ht in our study population.
CLINICAL DETERMINATION OF THE ALBUMIN GLOBULIN RATIO IN SPINAL FLUID
Authors: WILLIAM G. EXTON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

One of the unexpected results of the publications of our urinary protein methods 1 was the receipt of many communications from workers interested in applying them to spinal fluids. As the methods are just as applicable to blood and spinal fluid as they are to urine, their successful application to the determination of the total protein of these materials followed as a matter of course. Following the publication of articles on the scopometer 2 and the protein fractionation methods, 3 our correspondents impressed on us the need of a practicable clinical method for determining the albumin and globulin in spinal fluids and of obtaining from them the albumin globulin ratios.  The Prudential Laboratory tries to discourage its patrons from sending spinal fluids to it because of the danger of loss in the mails. It was therefore necessary to accept offers to supply material for the experimental work involved in modifying
THE PROPHYLAXIS OF CANCER
Authors: CHARLES H. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Among the great problems which confront the world to-day is that of cancer. The question of tuberculosis has been practically answered. The bacillus is known, as well as its modes of entrance to the body, its varying methods of attack and the causes of death from the disease. Up to a few years ago what the public learned of tuberculosis was through the advertising of interested dealers of patent medicines, promoters of health resorts and the exaggerated statements of irregular practitioners. To-day, with what may be called a world movement, tuberculosis is gradually being controlled and the percentage of deaths is yearly being lessened. In view of the wonderful progress made in the prevention, care and curability of tuberculosis which has developed in the short time since the public was first taken into the work as assistants, is it not time that we should more generally diffuse what knowledge we
B7-H3 Ligand Expression by Prostate Cancer: A Novel Marker of Prognosis and Potential Target for Therapy
Authors: Timothy J. Roth, Yuri Sheinin, Christine M. Lohse, Susan M. Kuntz, Xavier Frigola, Brant A. Inman, Amy E. Krambeck, Maureen E. Mckenney, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Michael L. Blute, John C. Cheville, Thomas J. Sebo, Eugene D. Kwon
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract B7 coregulatory ligands can be aberrantly expressed in human disease. In the context of cancer, these ligands may act as antigen-specific inhibitors of T-cell–mediated antitumoral immunity. We recently reported that B7-H1 expression by carcinomas of the kidney and bladder portends aggressive disease and diminished survival. The expression of these proteins in prostate cancer, however, has not been investigated. We evaluated B7-H3 and B7-H1 protein expression in the pathologic specimens of 338 men treated for clinically localized prostate cancer between 1995 and 1998 with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Expression levels of B7-H3 in prostate cancer were correlated with pathologic indicators of aggressive cancer as well as clinical outcome. We report that B7-H3 is uniformly and aberrantly expressed by adenocarcinomas of the prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and four prostate cancer cell lines, whereas B7-H1 is rarely expressed. B7-H3 is expressed by benign prostatic epithelia, although at a more reduced level relative to neoplastic tissue. Increasing levels of B7-H3 intensity correlate with worsening clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. Marked B7-H3 intensity, present in 67 (19.8%) specimens, confers a &amp;gt;4-fold increased risk of cancer progression after surgery (risk ratio, 4.42; P &amp;lt; 0.001). A survey of normal tissues revealed that B7-H3 is expressed within the liver, urothelium, and fetal kidney. In summary, B7-H3 is aberrantly expressed in all prostate cancers and represents an independent predictor of cancer progression following surgery. Moreover, B7-H3 encompasses a novel diagnostic and potential therapeutic target for the clinical management of prostate cancer and, perhaps, other malignancies as well. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7893–900]
Pathogenesis of Cardiac Oedema
Authors: J. Brod
Journal: BMJ (1972)

When the heart ceases to meet the requirements of the body for oxygen, the sympathetic-adrenal system is activated. This occurs in people with a healthy heart when the demands for oxygen are excessive-for example, in heavy muscular work-and in subjects with a failing heart when the demands are normal or small. Eventually, when the heart is unable to meet even the ordinary requirements of everyday life, the sympathetic activity becomes more or less continuous. It may lessen during rest at night, but with a further failing of the heart its output may become inadequate even in complete rest.The sympathetically-medicated renal vasoconstriction, with reduction of the glomerular sodium load, redistribution of the blood flow in the renal cortex to the juxtamedullary glomeruli, and the mobilization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is responsible for the salt and water retention which will ultimately become clinically manifest as oedema-especially when it is no longer counteracted by the tidal output of water and sodium at night. A by-product of this continuing dehydration reaction is a cumulative potassium loss which may lead to disastrous consequences if untreated.
Retinal findings in systemic sclerosis: a comparison with nailfold capillaroscopic patterns
Authors: O Ushiyama
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To determine the prevalence of retinal disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to characterise the findings of retinopathy. Additionally, to analyse the association of retinal disease with other clinical/laboratory findings, particularly the findings of nailfold capillaries in patients with SSc.Photographs of the ocular fundi were taken and were evaluated by an ophthalmologist who was unaware of the SSc status of the patients. The nailfold capillaries were analysed with a dermatoscope. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (group A) or absence (group B) of retinal disease.Retinal findings of the patients with SSc consisted of hard exudates, vascular tortuosity, microhaemorrhage, and macular degeneration. The prevalence of retinal disease among the patients with SSc was 34% (10/29), compared with 8%(3/38) among the controls (p=0.011). The mean systolic blood pressure and the age of the patients in group A were significantly higher than those in group B. However, there was no significant difference in the nailfold capillary damage between groups A and B.Retinal abnormalities are often seen in patients with SSc and they may reflect the vascular changes characteristic of SSc. However, retinal changes may differ in quality from the changes of nailfold capillaries.
Extracellular fluid in individual tissues and in whole animals: the distribution of radiosulfate and radiobromide
Authors: T. Martin Barratt, Mackenzie Walser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Radiosulfate, (35)SO(4), and radiobromide, (82)Br, were administered simultaneously to rats and dogs. In rats, the apparent volume of distribution of (82)Br averaged 30% of body weight and was constant between 0.5 and 35 hr after injection. The apparent volume of distribution of (35)SO(4), corrected for urinary loss, increased by 6% body weight/hr: the extrapolated volume at zero time was 88% of bromide space. Analysis of individual tissues and carcasses for (82)Br and inorganic (35)SO(4) showed that equilibration of both isotopes in several organs and in the whole carcass was rapidly achieved within 1 to 2 hr: no further increase in measured spaces occurred in 24 hr. The carcass inorganic sulfate space was 92%+/-2% of the bromide space in intact rats, and showed no increase with time. However, a progressively greater fraction of the injected (35)SO(4) was not recovered, owing to metabolic alteration. In eviscerated rats, the inorganic sulfate space was a smaller and much more constant fraction (79.8% +/-0.4%) of the bromide space, showing that at least 20% of body bromide (and hence chloride) is nonextracellular. The viscera chiefly responsible for the higher ratio of spaces in the intact animal were the liver, small bowel, and kidney. In the last two organs, excess inorganic (35)SO(4) (beyond the bromide space) was attributable to trapped transcellular fluid in which sulfate had been concentrated more than chloride (or bromide). Excess sulfate in liver and cartilage could not be explained in this manner: the results suggest passive binding of sulfate, but could reflect active cell uptake in these tissues. No excess sulfate was found in skin or tail. The implications of these observations with respect to the distribution of body chloride and the measurement of extracellular space are discussed. The extracellular volume of the rat is estimated to be 24% of body weight.
Goiter and Hypothyroidism due to Iodide Organification Defect.
Authors: Katsutaro Shimaoka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Goiter and Hypothyroidism due to Iodide Organification Defect.Katsutaro Shimaoka, M.D.Katsutaro Shimaoka, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-815_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA 31-year-old man with an IQ of 37 was referred to the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York, because of difficulty in swallowing due to a large multinodular goiter. At age 2 years he was noted to be myxedematous, and thyroid medication was instituted. He did not walk until age 3 years and did not talk until age 5 years. At age 6 he was placed in the state school. During the last 19 years, for which the school records are available, he did not receive thyroid medication, and progressive enlargement of the goiter was noted.His thyroid was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 815-815KeywordsHypothyroidismSwallowingThyroid Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Married women doctors as part-time trainees.
Authors: T Arie
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Batava was found to have been deserted by the Dutch, so Leyden busied himself in exploring it. One day searching for a valuable library he went to a low, unventilated house which contained some interesting manuscripts and books. He became sick and pyrexic on leaving and for three days his fever continued. He died on 27 August 1811, ten days short of his 37th birthday. Leyden's knowledge was thought by some to be superficial and imperfect. What he did know he learnt accurately and with facility. In judging his power as a linguist, it is necessary to bear in mind that most of his researches were in areas in which Europeans had not previously worked. His poetry is more difficult to assess. James Hogg wrote of LeydenLeyden came from Borderland, With dauntless heart and ardour high, And wild impatience in his eye. Though false his tones at times might be, Though wild notes marred the symphony, Between the glowing measure stole, That spoke the bard's inspired soul.
Ph+ ALL patients in first complete remission have similar survival after reduced intensity and myeloablative allogeneic transplantation: impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and minimal residual disease
Authors: V Bachanova, D I Marks, M-J Zhang, H Wang, M de Lima, M D Aljurf, M Arellano, A S Artz, U Bacher, J-Y Cahn, Y-B Chen, E A Copelan, W R Drobyski, R P Gale, J P Greer, V Gupta, G A Hale, P Kebriaei, H M Lazarus, I D Lewis, V A Lewis, J L Liesveld, M R Litzow, A W Loren, A M Miller, M Norkin, B Oran, J Pidala, J M Rowe, B N Savani, W Saber, R Vij, E K Waller, P H Wiernik, D J Weisdorf
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Effective Prevention of Preterm Birth: The French Experience Measured at Haguenau
Authors: Barbara Luke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the late 1960s, a growing awareness of perinatal problems developed in France, focusing on the need to deal with handicaps of perinatal origin. A national program was proposed to address the combined goals of better care during pregnancy, delivery, and the first days of life. This program was funded for the period between 1971 and 1981. Preterm delivery was identified as playing an especially important role among the causes of perinatal handicaps. As early as 1969, Papiernik had published a coefficient of preterm delivery risk, which enumerated specific risks related to life-style and working conditions. Immediately prior to initiating the national program, it was proposed that the long-term effects of this program be assessed in an average maternity hospital. It was believed that if this program were to be effective, it would be possible on a local level to measure reductions in perinatal mortality as well as handicaps linked
S50 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis complicated by pulmonary hypertension; patient characteristics and response to targeted therapy: Abstract S50 Table 1.
Authors: BE Garfield, GJ Keir, LC Price, AU Wells, E Renzoni, TM Maher, P Marino, K Dimopoulos, SJ Wort
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) results from repeated exposure to a sensitizing antigen, normally an organic particle. It can be acute, sub-acute or chronic (1). There is very little literature describing the association of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with HP (2). We aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and outcomes including responses to targeted therapy in patients with HP and PH in a tertiary referral centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2008 were identified through a central database. PH was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25mmHg on right heart catheter or right ventricular systolic pressure of ≥50 mmHg on echocardiogram. Data was collected through case note and electronic record review. Analysis was performed using Graphpad prism. <h3>Results</h3> Nineteen consecutive patients with PH and HP were identified. Fifteen had chronic HP as evidenced by fibrosis on HRCT, whilst 4 had sub-acute disease. Demographic and baseline findings are listed in table 1. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was found in 14 patients. Ten were treated with targeted therapy (sildenafil +/- endothelin receptor antagonist), of these 7 had evidence of RV dysfunction. Median BNP fell between pre and first post sildenafil measurement from 80 to 27 pmol/L but failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.11). RV function improved in 2 of 6 patients with available follow up echocardiogram at a median of 4 months. There was no consistent change in RVSP, TR velocity or pulmonary acceleration time with treatment. Twelve patients died, a median of 8 months (0.2 - 46) from diagnosis of PH. Although not reaching statistical significance, the median arterial pO<sub>2 </sub> was higher in survivors (7.25 versus 5.85 kPa: p = 0.11). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Chronic and sub-acute HP can be complicated by PH. Mortality in this group was extremely high despite targeted therapy. PO<sub>2</sub> was generally lower in those who died. The diagnosis of PH in HP patients may well be a pre-terminal event. Further work is needed to understand which patients may respond to advanced therapies. <h3>References</h3> A Wells and N Hirani (2008) Interstitial Lung Disease Guidelines. <i>Thorax</i>. 63v1–v58 D S Koschel <i>et al.</i> (2012) <i>Lung</i>. 190(3):295–302
Cancer Therapy Meets p53
Authors: K W Kinzler, B Vogelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Although gene therapy and immunotherapy hold great promise for the future, cancer treatment now centers around surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The therapeutic basis of surgical resection is obvious, but the same cannot be said for the other approaches. What accounts for the selective killing of malignant cells while normal cells are spared? It is clearly not simple differences in rates of replication. Why do cancers even of the same histologic type vary in their sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy? What accounts for the frustrating development of drug resistance? Recent findings provide a possible link between these questions and . . .
VITAMIN D IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS.*
Authors: G. B. DOWLING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article VITAMIN D IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS. Get access G. B. DOWLING, M.D.Lond., F.R.G.P.Lond. G. B. DOWLING, M.D.Lond., F.R.G.P.Lond. Physician, Skin Department, St. Thomas's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 4, 1 April 1948, Pages 127–131, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11008.x Published: 01 April 1948
Association of anti-E1E2 antibodies with spontaneous recovery or sustained viral response to therapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Ndiémé Ndongo, Pascale Berthillon, Pierre Pradat, Claude Vieux, Isabelle Bordes, Françoise Berby, Marianne Maynard, Fabien Zoulim, Christian Trépo, Marie-Anne Petit
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The monoclonal antibody (mAb) D32.10 recognizes a discontinuous epitope encompassing three regions E1 (amino acids 297-306), E2A (amino acids 480-494), and E2B (amino acids 613-621) juxtaposed on the surface of serum-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles (HCVsp). The mAb D32.10 inhibits efficiently and specifically the binding of HCVsp to human hepatocytes. Therefore, we investigated the clinical relevance of anti-E1E2A,B response in the serum of patients infected with HCV. To this end, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using synthetic E1-, E2A-, and E2B-derived peptides was used. The ELISA was validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and test efficiency. The detection of the anti-E1E2 D32.10 epitope-binding antibodies during natural HCV infection in more than 300 HCV-positive sera demonstrated significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) higher prevalence of these antibodies: (1) in patients who spontaneously cured HCV infection (46 of 52, 88.5%) showing high titers (70% ≥ 1/1000) compared to never-treated patients with chronic hepatitis C (7 of 50, 14%) who actively replicated the virus, and (2) in complete responders (20 of 52, 38.5%) who cleared virus following treatment and achieved a sustained viral response compared to nonresponders (4 of 40, 10%). Serum anti-E1E2 antibodies were monitored before, during, and after the current standard-of-care therapy (pegylated interferon plus ribavirin) in responder and nonresponder patients. Optimal cutoff values were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. One month prior to therapy initiation, the threshold of 1131 (optical density × 1000) gave 100% and 86% positive and negative predictive values, respectively, for achieving or not achieving a sustained viral response. Conclusion: The anti-E1E2 D32.10 epitope-binding antibodies are associated with control of HCV infection and may represent a new relevant prognostic marker in serum. This unique D32.10 mAb may also have immunotherapeutic potential. (Hepatology 2010)
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 mutations in Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome
Authors: Kelly A. Przylepa, William Paznekas, Minghuang Zhang, Mahin Golabi, Wilma Bias, Michael J. Bamshad, John C. Carey, Bryan D. Hall, Roger Stevenson, Seth J. Orlow, M. Michael Cohen, Ethylin Wang Jabs
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Resuscitation using albumin in critically ill patients
Authors: J L Vincent
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Intravenous albumin has been widely used in the treatment of shock since the early 1940s. In a recent large European study on the occurrence of sepsis in acutely ill patients, 11% of patients received albumin at some point during their stay in intensive care.1 Despite such widespread use, there are few randomised controlled trials on albumin administration in critically ill patients, and even fewer data on which subgroups of patients are likely to benefit most. Because low baseline serum albumin concentrations are associated with worse outcomes,2 3 data on the use of albumin in patients with low albumin are of considerable interest. In this week's BMJ a subgroup analysis of the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) study4 assesses the effect of baseline serum albumin concentration on outcomes of resuscitation.5 

A meta-analysis published in the BMJ in 1998 suggested that resuscitation with albumin solutions rather than crystalloids increased the absolute risk of death by 6%.6 In 2004, prompted in part by the meta-analysis, …
Ophthalmic Involvement in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Alan G. Palestine, Merlyn M. Rodrigues, Abe M. Macher, Chi-Chao Chan, H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci, Henry Masur, Dan Longo, Cheryl M. Reichert, Ronald Steis, Alain H. Rook, Robert B. Nussenblatt
Journal: Ophthalmology (1984)
Predicting biological effect as a function of the chemical structure and the primary physical and chemical properties of organic compounds.
Authors: N G Andreyeshcheva
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The dependence of biological parameters on chemical structure was studied for a series of compounds with similar chemical structures. Computational formulas were developed on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. These formulas make it possible to predict the biological effect thresholds for a great number of organic compounds on the basis of their primary physical and chemical properties.