tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperoxic and hyperbaric-induced cardioprotection: Role of nitric oxide synthase 3
Authors: B CABIGAS, J SU, W HUTCHINS, Y SHI, R SCHAEFER, R RECINOS, V NILAKANTAN, E KINDWALL, J NIEZGODA, J BAKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: The relative contributions of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and atmospheric pressure (ATM) to cardioprotection are unknown. We determined whether the product of FIO2×ATM (oxygen partial pressure) controls the extent of hyperoxic+hyperbaric-induced cardioprotection and involves activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
Bangladesh group has trained 30 000 community health workers
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Three decades after its creation the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) has become one of the world's largest non-governmental development organisations. According to a review of its achievements by Dr Jon Rohde of the committee's own School of Public Health, its activities have touched the lives of millions of Bangladeshis. Not the least of its impact has been on their health.

The committee was set up in 1972 after the war that lead to the split of East and West Pakistan into Pakistan and Bangladesh. Like many organisations created to provide relief in the aftermath of civil and military upheaval, it could have done its bit to restore normality …
Immunological Effects of Low-dose Cyclophosphamide in Cancer Patients Treated With Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Vincenzo Cerullo, Iulia Diaconu, Lotta Kangasniemi, Maria Rajecki, Sophie Escutenaire, Anniina Koski, Valentina Romano, Noora Rouvinen, Tamara Tuuminen, Leena Laasonen, Kaarina Partanen, Satu Kauppinen, Timo Joensuu, Minna Oksanen, Sirkka-Liisa Holm, Elina Haavisto, Aila Karioja-Kallio, Anna Kanerva, Sari Pesonen, Petteri T Arstila, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to and progressing after conventional therapies were treated with three different regimens of low-dose cyclophosphamide (CP) in combination with oncolytic adenovirus. CP was given with oral metronomic dosing (50 mg/day, N = 21), intravenously (single 1,000 mg dose, N = 7) or both (N = 7). Virus was injected intratumorally. Controls (N = 8) received virus without CP. Treatments were well tolerated and safe regardless of schedule. Antibody formation and virus replication were not affected by CP. Metronomic CP (oral and oral + intravenous schedules) decreased regulatory T cells (T(regs)) without compromising induction of antitumor or antiviral T-cell responses. Oncolytic adenovirus given together with metronomic CP increased cytotoxic T cells and induced Th1 type immunity on a systemic level in most patients. All CP regimens resulted in higher rates of disease control than virus only (all P < 0.0001) and the best progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was seen in the oral + intravenous group. One year PFS and OS were 53 and 42% (P = 0.0016 and P < 0.02 versus virus only), respectively, both which are unusually high for chemotherapy refractory patients. We conclude that low-dose CP results in immunological effects appealing for oncolytic virotherapy. While these first-in-human data suggest good safety, intriguing efficacy and extended survival, the results should be confirmed in a randomized trial.
Radiographic Diagnosis of Aortic-Ball Variance
Authors: John C. Hylen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Assessing changes in the silicone-rubber ball of the Model 1000 series Starr-Edwards aortic-valve prosthesis is an increasingly frequent diagnostic problem. Bariumimpregnated, silicone-rubber balls have been available since 1962. Presently, these constitute slightly less than 10% of all silicon-rubber balls distributed. Radiographic evidence of aortic-ball variance was obtained for a patient having normal sounds of the prosthetic aortic valve as determined by auscultation, phonocardiography, and sound spectrography. All silicone-rubber balls now produced by the manufacturer are barium-impregnated; henceforth, radiographic techniques will be more uniformly applicable to the early diagnosis of aortic-ball variance. Since most patients with aortic-ball variance are asymptomatic, routine screening for the early detection of ball variance is suggested for all patients with barium-impregnated, silicone-rubber balls. Serial high-resolution films and cineradiography should be used.
Migration of a metal esophageal stent presenting as obstruction at the ileocecal valve 2 years postinsertion
Authors: A. MacDonald, R. Drummond, D. Wright
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Placement of a self-expandable metal stent is a common palliative treatment for malignant esophageal strictures. Stent migration is a recognized complication, occurring with a frequency of about 3 % [1], and may occur as an immediate or delayed complication. Stents most commonly migrate into the stomach but have been reported as impacted in the colon and even passed unrecognized per rectum [2]. We report a case of distal migration leading to acute intestinal obstruction.
The Latest (and Last) Word on Leo
Authors: John S. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Leo Lamphere continues to wander from hospital to hospital in this country as noted by Dr. Trimble in Critique and Cavil (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:275 [Jan 25] 1964). I saw him last about a year ago, when he showed up at Mercy Hospital in Dubuque, Iowa. By an astounding coincidence I happened to be the physician on call that day for the hospital emergency room. Being apprehensive about confronting Leo again after all these years, I enlisted the moral support of another doctor and went to see if Leo had changed any in the last eight years. He had overheard the nurse's telephone conversation with me, apparently became suspicious that he was detected, and left before I arrived at the emergency room. From Dubuque, Leo went to Davenport, Iowa, where he had a one-night stand in one of the hospitals there; he then proceeded to St. Paul. New
Why does self-experimentation lead to creative ideas?
Authors: Todd I. Lubart, Christophe Mouchiroud
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

According to a multivariate approach on creativity, self-experimentation may well provide many of the conditions that allow for new ideas to occur. This research method is valuable in particular because the researcher's high level of participation in the search for a solution fosters the involvement of the necessary cognitive skills and conative traits.
A randomized comparison of external and internal cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation.
Authors: S Lévy, P Lauribe, E Dolla, W Kou, A Kadish, H Calkins, F Pagannelli, C Moyal, M Bremondy, A Schork
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Delivery of shocks within the right atrium has been reported to be more effective than conventional external shocks in converting atrial fibrillation (AF), but these two cardioversion techniques have never been compared prospectively. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of external and internal cardioversion in patients with chronic AF unresponsive to prior attempts at electrical and/or pharmacological cardioversion. Low-dose amiodarone was used in all patients after cardioversion to suppress recurrences of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred twelve patients with AF of at least 1 month in duration were randomly assigned to undergo external cardioversion with 300-360-J shocks or internal cardioversion with 200-300-J shocks delivered through a standard electrode catheter within the right atrium. The patients were treated with amiodarone (200 mg/day 5-7 days/week) for 1 month before electrical cardioversion and afterward if the cardioversion was successful. The patients were evaluated at regular intervals during 1 year of follow-up. The efficacy of internal cardioversion was significantly greater than that of external cardioversion (91% versus 67%, p = 0.002). The only variable that was associated with the outcome of cardioversion was body weight. Among patients in whom sinus rhythm was restored, AF recurred as often after internal and external cardioversion; at 1 year of follow-up, 37% of patients in whom external or internal cardioversion had been effective were still in sinus rhythm. Patients who had undergone an attempt at electrical cardioversion before entry into this study were less likely to remain in sinus rhythm after cardioversion. The only complications of cardioversion were one instance of cerebral thromboembolism after external cardioversion and one instance of transient pulmonary edema after internal cardioversion. Therapy with amiodarone was discontinued because of an adverse drug effect in only three patients. CONCLUSIONS Internal cardioversion is more effective than external cardioversion in restoring sinus rhythm and is as safe as external cardioversion in patients with chronic AF. The recurrence rate of AF is the same after both types of cardioversion. If conventional electrical cardioversion is ineffective, internal cardioversion should be attempted. The combination of low-dose amiodarone and external or internal cardioversion may result in maintaining sinus rhythm long-term in patients with refractory AF.
N-dimethylisopropyl propranolol. Effects on myocardial oxygen demands.
Authors: E G Olson, A V Goodyer, R A Langou, L S Cohen, S Wolfson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

N-Dimethylisopropyl propranolol (DMP) is a quaternary derivative which lacks significant beta-adrenergic blocking and local anesthetic effects. It has been reported, nonetheless, to be effective in treating experimental arrhythmias and in limiting the extent of ST-segment elevations following experimental coronary occlusion. The present study examined the effects of DMP on the hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen demands of anesthetized dogs. After a single dose of 3 mg/kg, heart rate fell from 146 +/- 8 to 124 +/- 6 beats/min (P less than 0.0025), and aortic systolic pressure fell from 151 +/- 11 to 141 +/- 9 mm Hg (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), resulting in a 16.8% reduction in the tension-time index. Stroke volume was reduced by 10% despite a 54% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, suggesting a negative inotropic effect. This was supported by a decrease in maximum extrapolated contractile element velocity from 9.10 +/- 1.05 to 6.61 +/- 65 units/sec (P less than 0.0025). Myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from 12.0 +/- 1.4 to 9.9 +/- 1.5 ml/min/100 g tissue (P less than 0.05). Myocardial oxygen extraction was unchanged, indicating that the decrease in oxygen consumption resulted from a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. When heart rate and systolic pressure were artificially restored to control levels, after the administration of DMP, myocardial oxygen consumption remained significantly below the control level. DMP, therefore, appeared to reduce myocardial oxygen demands primarily by its negative inotropic effect. This drug may have application in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Positive inotropic effects of the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline in the human heart: Effects of long-term beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment
Authors: Rafael F. Schäfers, Sabine Adler, Anton Daul, Gabriele Zeitler, Magdalene Vogelsang, Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski, Otto-Erich Brodde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Evidence based case report: Treatment for head lice
Authors: M Dawes, N R Hicks, M Fleminger, D Goldman, J Hamling, L J Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Christopher, my son, has been lost in many places. One of his local adventures was in Sainsbury's. On losing sight of my wife he went to a member of staff and stated that he was lost. He was asked what his mummy looked like. “She's the one with a scarf on her head because she's got nits.” We frequently face the problem of head lice in practice, but our practice team felt uncertain about the most effective treatment.

The first step was to design an answerable question. This is the three step question described by Scott Richardson.1 It should contain the problem, the intervention, and the outcome. Our final question was “In children attending primary care with nits what is the most effective treatment for eradication?”

I gathered evidence from several sources hoping to gain a consensus. I was looking mainly for well designed clinical trials. A good source of evidence of a therapeutic effect is a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Cochrane Library is one source of high quality meta-analyses. However, I do not have this in my surgery so I looked up head lice in the Oxford Textbook of Medicine .2 The section on head lice began by giving me quotes from Robert Burns. There was a description of the biology and clinical features of head lice. It said that head lice are resistant to chlorinated hydrocarbons and suggested the use of malathion. “More recently Permethrin has been shown to be equally effective without the potentially toxic side effects (CNS) of Malathion.” It suggested that all these treatments achieve 100% cure rates but gave …
Folate Receptor β Is Expressed by Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Constitutes a Marker for M2 Anti-inflammatory/Regulatory Macrophages
Authors: Amaya Puig-Kröger, Elena Sierra-Filardi, Angeles Domínguez-Soto, Rafael Samaniego, María Teresa Corcuera, Fernando Gómez-Aguado, Manohar Ratnam, Paloma Sánchez-Mateos, Angel L. Corbí
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Macrophage activation comprises a continuum of functional states critically determined by cytokine microenvironment. Activated macrophages have been functionally grouped according to their response to pro-Th1/proinflammatory stimuli [lipopolysaccharide, IFNgamma, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); M1] or pro-Th2/anti-inflammatory stimuli [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, M-CSF; M2]. We report that folate receptor beta (FRbeta), encoded by the FOLR2 gene, is a marker for macrophages generated in the presence of M-CSF (M2), but not GM-CSF (M1), and whose expression correlates with increased folate uptake ability. The acquisition of folate uptake ability by macrophages is promoted by M-CSF, maintained by IL-4, prevented by GM-CSF, and reduced by IFNgamma, indicating a link between FRbeta expression and M2 polarization. In agreement with in vitro data, FRbeta expression is detected in tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which exhibit an M2-like functional profile and exert potent immunosuppressive functions within the tumor environment. FRbeta is expressed, and mediates folate uptake, by CD163(+) CD68(+) CD14(+) IL-10-producing TAM, and its expression is induced by tumor-derived ascitic fluid and conditioned medium from fibroblasts and tumor cell lines in an M-CSF-dependent manner. These results establish FRbeta as a marker for M2 regulatory macrophage polarization and indicate that folate conjugates of therapeutic drugs are a potential immunotherapy tool to target TAM.
Effect of systemic steroids on post-tonsillectomy bleeding and reinterventions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: J. Plante, A. F. Turgeon, R. Zarychanski, F. Lauzier, L. Vigneault, L. Moore, A. Boutin, D. A. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the risk of postoperative bleeding and reintervention with the use of systemic steroids in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Intute, Biosis, OpenSIGLE, National Technical Information Service, and Google Scholar were searched. References from reviews identified in the search and from included studies were scanned. <b>Review methods</b> Randomised controlled trials comparing the administration of systemic steroids during tonsillectomy with any other comparator were eligible. Primary outcome was postoperative bleeding. Secondary outcomes were the rate of admission for a bleeding episode, reintervention for a bleeding episode, blood transfusion, and mortality. <b>Results</b> Of 1387 citations identified, 29 randomised controlled trials (n=2674) met all eligibility criteria. Seven studies presented a low risk of bias, but none was specifically designed to systematically identify postoperative bleeding. Administration of systemic steroids did not significantly increase the incidence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding (29 studies, n=2674 patients, odds ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.40), I²=0%). We observed a significant increase in the incidence of operative reinterventions for bleeding episodes in patients who received systemic steroids (12, n=1178, 2.27 (1.03 to 4.99), I²=0%). No deaths were reported. Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the findings. <b>Conclusions</b> Although systemic steroids do not appear to increase bleeding events after tonsillectomy, their use is associated with a raised incidence of operative reinterventions for bleeding episodes, which may be related to increased severity of bleeding events. Systemic steroids should be used with caution, and the risks and benefits weighed, for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy before further research is performed to clarify their condition of use.
Long-term multicenter experience with a second-generation implantable pacemaker-defibrillator in patients with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Sanjeev Saksena, Maria Poczobutt-Johanos, Lon W. Castle, Richard N. Fogoros, Barry L. Alpert, Jack Kron, Antonio Pacifico, Jerry Griffin, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Richard F. Kehoe, Raymond Yee, Paul Dorian, Charles R. Kerr, Richard M. Luceri, Michael Poliseno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Undiagnosed Sleep Apnea in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: EUGENE C. FLETCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The prevalence of sleep apnea was studied in 46 middle-and older-aged men with "essential hypertension." Thirty-four age- and weight-similar normotensive men were also studied. Fourteen hypertensive men and three controls had sleep apnea syndrome, as defined as greater than ten apneas per hour of sleep. Hypertensive men with apnea tended to be more overweight and slightly older than the hypertensive men without apnea, but differences were not statistically significant. Individual men with apnea could not be distinguished by their answers on a questionnaire that elicited symptoms related to apnea. Seven hypertensive men with apnea were treated with protriptyline and one with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, and apnea index (apneas per hour) decreased by 77% from pretreatment levels while mean blood pressure decreased from 149/95 mm Hg to 139/90 mm Hg. Undiagnosed sleep apnea syndrome may be associated with systemic hypertension in many middle- and older-aged men. In some, sleep apnea syndrome could be the cause of hypertension, and in others it may contribute to hypertension of another cause.
Effect of H1receptor stimulation on coronary artery diameter in patients with variant angina: Comparison with effect of acetylcholine
Authors: Ken Okumura, Hirofumi Yasue, Koshi Matsuyama, Kozaburo Matsuyama, Yasuhiro Morikami, Hisao Ogawa, Kenji Obata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Anti-IL-10R antibody improves the therapeutic efficacy of targeted liposomal oligonucleotides
Authors: Chiara Brignole, Danilo Marimpietri, Fabio Pastorino, Daniela Di Paolo, Gabriella Pagnan, Monica Loi, Federica Piccardi, Michele Cilli, Andrea Tradori-Cappai, Gianluigi Arrigoni, Vito Pistoia, Mirco Ponzoni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
[351] ROLE OF PERTURBATION OF METHIONINE METABOLISM AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE GENERATION OF GENOMIC INSTABILITY IN TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS OF LIVER CANCER
Authors: D.F. Calvisi, M.M. Simile, S. Ladu, R. Pellegrino, V. De Murtas, M.L. Tomasi, P. Virdis, M.R. De Miglio, R.M. Pascale, F. Feo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Hypophysectomy in Diabetic Retinitis
Authors: Charles S. Giffin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  We compliment Drs. Hardy and Ciric for their intersting technique of anterior pituitary ablation (203:73, 1968). We were unaware of their earlier publication when we published our description of the transseptal, transsphenoidal approach. The general technique had been described still somewhat earlier.  We have not found it necessary to use either televised radio fluoroscopic image intensification or the binocular operating microscope. It is infrequent that we cannot recognize the variations in the sphenoid sinus and the anterior wall of the sella turcica from their gross appearances, and their radiographic appearance on routine x-ray films, including a mentovertex view. When some rare uncertaintydoesexist, a metal probe held against the presumed anterior sellar wall can be localized with a single lateral view. Identification of the cleavage plane between anterior and posterior lobe of the hypophysis is difficult by direct vision, but we have noted no particular
Cash from Global Fund and other sources could create "tipping point" in fighting epidemics, chief says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is looking to raise $15bn (£9.8bn; €11.bn) to support the worldwide fight against the diseases from 2014 to 2016. The Geneva based organisation estimates that the contribution, together with funding from other sources, would enable countries to meet almost 90% of the estimated $87bn needed to tackle the diseases worldwide over the period.

Mark Dybul, the fund’s new executive director, presented its overall needs assessment at a two day donors’ conference in Brussels on 9 and 10 April. He emphasised that the international community had to seize the moment to act over the next three years. If …
Alveolar macrophage interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐12 production in atopic asthma
Authors: A. Magnan, D. van Pee, P. Bongrand, D. Vervloet
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Inflammation in asthma is characterized by a Th2 response. In many experimental systems, this response can be regulated by interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12. IL-10 deactivates T cells, and IL-12 reorients the response toward a Th1 pattern. Alveolar macrophages (AM) can secrete both of these cytokines, and thus regulate T-cell behavior in asthma. They can enhance the Th2 response by turning off their secretion of IL-10 and IL-12, or tend to downregulate it by producing these cytokines. To elucidate that point, we assayed the AM IL-10 and IL-12 from 11 asthmatic patients and four controls. Six asthmatics were treated by inhaled corticosteroids. AM were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). They were isolated and cultured for 24 h without stimulation or in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-10 and the p40 subunit of IL-12 were assayed in the BAL fluid and in AM culture supernatants by ELISA. Spontaneous AM IL-10 production was higher in asthmatics, particularly in the treated group. The AM IL-10 production after stimulation by LPS was also elevated in asthmatics, but was mainly so in untreated patients. IL-12 levels were higher in BAL fluids from untreated patients than from controls. The IL-12 production of LPS-stimulated-AM from these patients was increased. These results show that AM are at least primed for the production of IL-10 and IL-12 in asthma, and suggest that these cells could be involved in the resolution of the asthmatic inflammation.