tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: Ward Ethics: Dilemmas for Medical Students and Doctors in Training
Authors: H. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Thomasine K Kushner, David C Thomasma Cambridge University Press, £18.95, pp 265 ISBN 0 521 66452 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> In 1993 the General Medical Council published Tomorrow's Doctors— its radical proposals to shake up medical education in the United Kingdom—which recommended that the teaching of medical ethics and law should become a core part of the undergraduate curriculum. The report advised that students should acquire knowledge and understanding of the ethical and legal issues relevant to medicine so … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
The Spiegelmer NOX-A12, a novel CXCL12 inhibitor, interferes with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell motility and causes chemosensitization
Authors: Julia Hoellenriegel, Dirk Zboralski, Christian Maasch, Nathalie Y. Rosin, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating, Anna Kruschinski, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Blood (2013)
From catamaran to Cantabrigia
Authors: P Badrinath
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“Dear Dr Badrinath

I am delighted to inform you that you have been awarded a scholarship to read for the MPhil degree in epidemiology in Cambridge.”

It was the first week of August and I had just returned from the outreach clinic to the Indian coastal town of Manipal, where I was assistant professor. As I read the letter tears rolled: this was the culmination of my long battle to study epidemiology abroad. I was granted leave without pay for a year.

I soon realised that this budding epidemiologist would never blossom without a doctorate–so I worked hard and completed my MPhil with high grades. My next task was to secure funding for a PhD. With the help and guidance of my supervisor, Professor Nick Day, a proposal for a case control study on acute leukaemia in East Anglia was drawn up and submitted to the local health authority. Our aim was to determine the aetiology of adult leukaemia by interviewing patients with the permission of the consultants and study age and sex matched controls with the general practitioners' approval. I became the self appointed data clerk, secretary, interviewer, project officer, and epidemiologist.

When I began interviewing the patients in the …
Re: Samuel R. Denmeade, Blair Egerdie, Gary Steinhoff, et al. Phase 1 and 2 Studies Demonstrate the Safety and Efficacy of Intraprostatic Injection of PRX302 for the Targeted Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2011;59:747–54
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Dalla Palma Paolo, Gianni Malossini
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Implantable assist pump—final heart option?
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A new prosthetic heart device, the implantable left ventricular assist pump, may benefit as many as 10,000 limited-option patients with congestive heart failure each year when it becomes available in the next decade, according to William Pierce, MD, professor of surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey.  There are large numbers of patients who have end-stage left ventricular failure [following either ischemic heart disease or primary cardiomyopathy], who are too old to be transplanted, and [who] are already on maximum medical therapy, Pierce said. When digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators (as well as the new inotropic drugs, such as amiodarone) fail to relieve their symptoms, these patients will become possible candidates for implantation.  The estimate of 10,000 patients a year may be high, Pierce admits, but with well over $50 million invested in the pump's development over the last ten years by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI),
George Douglas McIntosh
Authors: A D McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Inverness (b Edinburgh 1914; q Edinburgh 1937; MC), died from cardiac failure on 28 February 2004.

As a reservist he was called up shortly before the second world war and was in France by the end of September 1939. He took part in the retreat to Dunkirk, where he was wounded and was awarded the Military Cross. On recovery he was posted to Northern Ireland, and then to north Africa and Italy. After demobilisation he took up practice in Arisaig. In 1952 he was appointed to a practice in Inverness and later joined a group practice until he retired in 1981. He leaves a wife, Mary; two daughters; and three grandchildren.
Red Cell Distribution Width in Alcohol Abuse and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Warren G. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Bessman and McClure 1 suggested that the RDW is a useful screening test for iron deficiency in the outpatient setting. Their earlier article in which iron and transferrin saturation were used as the   yielded similar results. 2 Their current data 1 used a serum ferritin level of less than 30 μg/L as the gold standard for iron deficiency, which, as they noted, is a more appropriate though imperfect means of assessing iron deficiency. 3   They cited our article 4 in which the RDW was found to correlate poorly with the ferritin level. They attributed the differences to the fact that we studied inpatients who were acutely ill, which, they argue, confounds the serum ferritin level. Their argument is correct in that we found that the specificity of the RDW was only 54% (a point we acknowledged in our article). However, we also reported that the
Professionalism in the Digital Age
Authors: Arash Mostaghimi, Bradley H. Crotty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

The increased use of social media by physicians, combined with the ease of finding information online, can blur personal and work identities, posing new considerations for physician professionalism in the information age. A professional approach is imperative in this digital age in order to maintain confidentiality, honesty, and trust in the medical profession. Although the ability of physicians to use online social networks, blogs, and media sites for personal and professional reasons should be preserved, a proactive approach is recommended that includes actively managing one's online presence and making informed choices about disclosure. The development of a "dual-citizenship" approach to online social media that separates public and private personae would allow physicians to both leverage networks for professional connections and maintain privacy in other aspects. Although social media posts by physicians enable direct communication with readers, all posts should be considered public and special consideration for patient privacy is necessary.
781 INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF HCC IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND NON RESPONDING TO PEGINTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY
Authors: A.-C. Cardoso, R. Moucari, C. Figueiredo-Mendes, M.-P. Ripault, N. Giuily, C. Castelnau, N. Boyer, C. Stern, T. Asselah, M. Martinot-Peignoux, P. Bedossa, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
First experience with noncavitational ultrasound enhancement of selective cellular delivery of liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to Angiogenic sites
Authors: Kathryn C. Crowder, Michael S. Hughes, Jon N. Marsh, Michael J. Scott, Lori Chinen, Thomas D. Harris, Gregory M. Lanza, Samuel A. Wickline
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Gallstones with Ulcerative Proctitis
Authors: ALFRED L. BAKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 April 1974Gallstones with Ulcerative ProctitisALFRED L. BAKER, M.D., MARSHALL M. KAPLAN, M.D., RICHARD A. NORTON, M.D., JAMES F. PATTERSON, M.D.ALFRED L. BAKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARSHALL M. KAPLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD A. NORTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES F. PATTERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-4-552 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The increased prevalence of gallstones in patients with diseases of the terminal ileum is consistent with the current concept of cholesterol gallstone formation. Since the diseased ileum cannot reabsorb conjugated bile salts normally, there is a chronic loss of bile salts in the stool, a decreased body pool of bile salts, and subsequent secretion of a lithogenic bile (1-3). We now report an increased prevalence of gallstones in patients with ulcerative proctitis, a disease not known to interfere with bile salt metabolism and one not previously associated with gallstones.Thirty consecutive patients with ulcerative proctitis seen at...References1. MEIHOFFKERN WF: Bile salt malabsorption in regional ileitis, ileal resection, and mannitol-induced diarrhea. J Clin Invest 47:261-267, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HEATONAUSTADLACK KWL: Enterohepatic circulation of C14-labeled bile salts in disorders of the distal small bowel. Gastroenterology 55:5-16, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DOWLINGBELLWHITE RGJ: Lithogenic bile in patients with ileal dysfunction. GUT 13:415-420, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BAKERKAPLANNORTON AMR: Gallstones in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Dig Dis 1974. In press CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. COHENKAPLANGOTTLIEB SML: Liver disease and gallstones in regional enteritis. Gastroenterology 60:237-245, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALFRED L. BAKER, M.D.; MARSHALL M. KAPLAN, M.D.; RICHARD A. NORTON, M.D.; JAMES F. PATTERSON, M.D.Affiliations: Gastroenterology Service Department of Medicine New England Medical Center Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byZinc salts precipitate unconjugated bilirubin in vitro and inhibit enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin in hamstersFließspannung im Bereich der (γ → α)-Umwandlung von kohlenstoffarmen Stählen 1 April 1974Volume 80, Issue 4Page: 552-553KeywordsBileCholesterolIleumProctitisSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bicarbonate transport along the loop of Henle. I. Microperfusion studies of load and inhibitor sensitivity.
Authors: G Capasso, R Unwin, S Agulian, G Giebisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We microperfused the loop of Henle (LOH) to assess its contribution to urine acidification in vivo. Under control conditions (Na HCO3- = 13 mM, perfusion rate approximately 17 nl/min-1) net bicarbonate transport (JHCO3-) was unsaturated, flow- and concentration-dependent, and increased linearly until a bicarbonate load of 1,400 pmol.min-1 was reached. Methazolamide (2 x 10(-4) M) reduced JHCO3 by 70%; the amiloride analogue ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) (2 x 10(-4) M) reduced JHCO3 by 40%; neither methazolamide nor EIPA affected net water flux (Jv). The H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (10(-5) M) reduced JHCO3 by 20%; the Cl- channel inhibitor 5-nitro-2'-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (2 x 10(-4) M) and the Cl(-)-base exchange inhibitor diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate (5 x 10(-5) M), had no effect on fractional bicarbonate reabsorption. Bumetanide (10(-6) M) stimulated bicarbonate transport (net and fractional JHCO3-) by 20%, whereas furosemide (10(-4) M) had no effect on bicarbonate reabsorption; both diuretics reduced Jv. In summary: (a) the LOH contributes significantly to urine acidification. It normally reabsorbs an amount equivalent to 15% of filtered bicarbonate; (b) bicarbonate reabsorption is not saturated; (c) Na(+)-H+ exchange and an ATP-dependent proton pump are largely responsible for the bulk of LOH bicarbonate transport.
Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Heidrun Rotterdam
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Soll<sup>1</sup>suggested that gastric biopsy material obtained for histologic analysis should be discarded if the urease test was positive for<i>H pylori</i>. We find it appalling how much physicians nowadays are willing to compromise for the sake of cost containment. Gastroenterologists who feel tempted to dispose of gastric tissue specimens from patients with peptic ulcer disease should be reminded that they may be forgoing a golden opportunity to detect gastric carcinoma and lymphoma at the early stages. To date, abundant evidence exists supporting the role of<i>H pylori</i>infection in the development of gastric dysplasia and carcinoma.<sup>2-4</sup>In 1994, the existing evidence was so strong that the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer decided to classify<i>H pylori</i>as a definite carcinogen for the human stomach.<sup>5</sup> The practice of discarding gastric tissue designated for histopathologic analysis negates much of our effort
Sexual Abuse of Boys
Authors: William C. Holmes, Gail B. Slap
Journal: JAMA (1998)

To clarify the definition of sexual abuse of boys, update estimates of its prevalence, and explore critically its reported correlates, sequelae, and management.Studies from 1985 to 1997 were identified using OVID-MEDLINE and OVID-CINAHL. The search terms used were sexual abuse, sexual victimization, and sexual assault. Constraints applied included English language, human male subjects, age younger than 19 years, and North American samples.Publications were included for review if they appeared in peer-reviewed journals; had clear research designs; reported results for at least 20 male subjects; and were not reviews, perspectives, theoretical treatises, editorials, or letters.Study types and sampling methods were categorized using well-established definitions. Preference was given to studies with large samples, with case-control or cohort designs, and/or with adjustment for effect modifiers or confounders.We identified 166 studies representing 149 sexual abuse samples. Studies were methodologically limited and definitions of sexual abuse varied widely. Prevalence estimates varied widely (by definition used and population studied), ranging from 4% to 76%. Boys at highest risk were younger than 13 years, nonwhite, of low socioeconomic status, and not living with their fathers. Perpetrators tended to be known but unrelated males. Abuse frequently occurred outside the home, involved penetration, and occurred more than once. Sequelae included psychological distress, substance abuse, and sexually related problems. Evaluation of management strategies was limited.Sexual abuse of boys appears to be common, underreported, underrecognized, and undertreated. Future study requires clearer definitions of abuse, improved sampling, more rigorous data collection, more sophisticated data analyses, and better assessment of management and treatment strategies. Regardless, health care professionals should be more aware of and sensitive to the possibility of sexual abuse in their male patients.
Newer-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs and the Risk of Major Birth Defects
Authors: Ditte Mølgaard-Nielsen, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Epilepsy during pregnancy is a therapeutic challenge. Since the 1990s, the number of licensed antiepileptic drugs has substantially increased, but safety data on first-trimester use of newer-generation antiepileptic drugs and birth defects are limited.<h3>Objective</h3>To study the association between fetal exposure to newer-generation antiepileptic drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of major birth defects.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Population-based cohort study of 837 795 live-born infants in Denmark from January 1, 1996, through September 30, 2008. Individual-level information on dispensed antiepileptic drugs to mothers, birth defect diagnoses, and potential confounders were ascertained from nationwide health registries.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) of any major birth defect diagnosed within the first year of life by fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs.<h3>Results</h3>Of the 1532 infants exposed to lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, or levetiracetam during the first trimester, 49 were diagnosed with a major birth defect compared with 19 911 of the 836 263 who were not exposed to an antiepileptic drug (3.2% vs 2.4%, respectively; adjusted POR [APOR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.36). A major birth defect was diagnosed in 38 of 1019 infants (3.7%) exposed to lamotrigine during the first trimester (APOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.83-1.68), in 11 of 393 infants (2.8%) exposed to oxcarbazepine (APOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.46-1.59), and in 5 of 108 infants (4.6%) exposed to topiramate (APOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.58-3.58). Gabapentin (n = 59) and levetiracetam (n = 58) exposure during the first trimester was uncommon, with only 1 (1.7%) and 0 infants diagnosed with birth defects, respectively.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among live-born infants in Denmark, first-trimester exposure to lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, gabapentin, or levetiracetam compared with no exposure was not associated with an increased risk of major birth defects.
Gentamicin and Ticarcillin Serum Levels
Authors: Jorge Murillo
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ticarcillin disodium and gentamicin sulfate serum levels were measured one and five hours after intravenous administration. Patients receiving ticarcillin plus gentamicin had a significantly lower mean gentamicin level one and five hours after antibiotic administration than patients receiving cephalothin sodium plus gentamicin. The serum ticarcillin levels were significantly lower five hours after administration in patients receiving ticarcillin plus gentamicin than in those receiving ticarcillin plus cephalothin. Low antibiotic serum levels in patients with serious infections treated with these antibiotic combinations are of potential clinical significance; therefore, to ensure an optimal antimicrobial therapy, it is advisable to determine the drug serum concentrations (especially aminoglycoside) even in patients with normal renal function when treating with combinations of antimicrobials.
The Health Care Revolution: A Preliminary Report From the Front
Authors: Peter E. Dans
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A financial officer at The Johns Hopkins Hospital recently said to me, "Medicine is a simplistic name for an evolving creature that no more resembles what it was 20 years ago than the US resembles the original 13 colonies." Paul Starr<sup>1</sup>may have put it more eloquently, but my friend is right. There is and has been a quiet revolution going on in American medicine.<sup>2</sup>In 1957, when I entered medical school, many hospitals were segregated by race and class as well as sex. At one teaching hospital at which I trained, ambulance drivers were asked to wait intil patients were preliminary assessed to be ready to transport them to a municipal hospital, if they were not considered instructive admissions. At another, patients clearly needing hospitalization balked at being admitted because they lacked financial coverage. The length of stay for myocardial infarction had been halved in that decade See also p 3418.
Isolated Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor Mimicking Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fernando Conrado Abrão, Rodrigo Olivio Sabbion, Mauro Canzian, Angelo Fernandez, Koji Fushida, Paulo Manuel Pêgo Fernandes, Fabio Biscegli Jatene
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Endogenous Endothelin-1 Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Survival In Vivo
Authors: Xiao-Song Zhao, Wentong Pan, Raffi Bekeredjian, Ralph V. Shohet
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has potent vasoconstrictor and hypertrophic actions. Pharmacological antagonists of endothelin receptors attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, have been approved for treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and are under investigation for treatment of heart failure. To investigate the role of ET-1 in the heart, we created mice with cardiomyocyte deletion of ET-1. Methods and Results— Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ET-1 are phenotypically normal when young. Remarkably, as the mice age or when young animals are subjected to aortic banding, they develop an unexpected phenotype of progressive systolic dysfunction and cardiac dilation. Echocardiography, necropsy, histology, and molecular phenotype confirm a dilated cardiomyopathy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling analysis reveals greater abundance of apoptotic nuclei in the ET-1–deficient hearts. Transcriptional and Western analyses suggest enhanced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–mediated apoptosis with increases in caspase-8 activity. These ET-1–deficient hearts also have diminished nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, resulting in diminution of downstream inhibitors of TNF signaling. Conclusions— Local ET-1 gene expression is necessary to maintain normal cardiac function and cardiomyocyte survival in mice with both age and hemodynamic stress. This cardiac-protective effect is mediated by paracrine ET-1 modulation of TNF-related apoptosis, in part through upregulation of NF-κB signaling.
Risk factors and mortality associated with an elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity measured by Doppler-echocardiography in thalassemia: a Thalassemia Clinical Research Network report
Authors: Claudia R. Morris, Hae-Young Kim, Felicia Trachtenberg, John Wood, Charles T. Quinn, Nancy Sweeters, Janet L. Kwiatkowski, Alexis A. Thompson, Patricia J. Giardina, Jeanne Boudreaux, Nancy F. Olivieri, John B. Porter, Ellis J. Neufeld, Elliott P. Vichinsky
Journal: Blood (2011)
ABC of sexual health: Erectile dysfunction
Authors: W. Dinsmore, C. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1999)

There was strong evidence of a neurological explanation for transient feelings of compulsion reported by three patients. In at least two cases the mechanism was epileptic. The frontal lobe was implicated in all three. A feeling of compulsion, divorced from action, has rarely if ever been reported in epilepsy or other neurological disorders.
Thinking outside the Box
Authors: Ramin Farzaneh-Far, Talya Schwarzberg, Stuart B. Mushlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 35-year-old man with advanced AIDS presented to the emergency department after a witnessed syncopal event. He felt light-headed after walking from the bathroom to his chair. While speaking to his partner, he suddenly became unresponsive and lost motor tone, and his breathing appeared shallow and labored, prompting his partner to call 911. He regained consciousness after approximately two minutes and had no recollection of the event. There was no evidence of tonic–clonic seizure activity or postictal confusion.
Triamcinolone and Fluocinolone Acetonide Ointments in Atopic Eczema
Authors: G. A. G. Peterkin, W. N. Morley, D. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA years before the establishment of a diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma.Beer, King, and Prinzmetal (1937) reported a case in which adenocarcinoma of the thyroid was removed surgically nine years before an operation for left adrenal phaeochromocytoma.Muntz, Richey, and Gatch (1947) reported a case with bilateral adrenal tumours and associated metastatic thyroid carcinoma.A hemithyroidectomy had been performed nine years previously, but no histological report was quoted.Dick, Ritchie, and Thompson (1955) described a phaeo- chromocytoma which was successfully removed surgically.Eighteen months later the patient developed a mass in the left side of his neck which was subse- quently confirmed as being carcinoma-developing in a simple adenoma of the thyroid.It is interesting to note that in the present case the onset of the attack was so rapid and the symptoms referable to the central nervous system were so striking that the general practitioner made the provisional diagnosis of " meningitis."Four previous cases have been found in the literature, and a fifth one is reported in this communication.Four of these five patients are females.Their ages varied from 25 to 63 years, and the three youngest were 25, 26, and 29.No theory has been proposed to explain why phaeochromocytoma and carcinoma of the thyroid should be associated.