tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of cell bioaugmentation and gene bioaugmentation in the remediation of co-contaminated soils.
Authors: Ian L Pepper, Terry J Gentry, Deborah T Newby, Timberley M Roane, Karen L Josephson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Soils co-contaminated with metals and organics present special problems for remediation. Metal contamination can delay or inhibit microbial degradation of organic pollutants such that for effective in situ biodegradation, bioaugmentation is necessary. We monitored the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB) in two different soils with and without cadmium (Cd) contamination. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of bioaugmentation to enhance organic degradation in these co-contaminated soils. Finally, we determined whether enhanced degradation was due to survival of the introduced organism (cell bioaugmentation) or plasmid transfer to indigenous microbial populations (gene bioaugmentation). In Brazito soil, dual inoculation with a Cd-resistant bacterium plus a known 2,4-D-degrading bacterium, Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, enhanced 2,4-D degradation. Escherichia coli D11, which lacks chromosomal genes necessary for complete 2,4-D mineralization, was used for gene bioaugmentation in Madera soil. Significant gene transfer of the plasmid to the indigenous populations was observed, and the rate of 2,4-D degradation was enhanced relative to that of controls. Cell bioaugmentation was further demonstrated when (Comamonas testosteroni was used to enhance biodegradation of 3-CB in Madera soil. In this case no transfer of plasmid pBRC60 to indigenous soil recipients was observed. For the Madera soil, nonbioaugmented samples ultimately showed complete 2,4-D degradation. In contrast, nonbioaugmented Brazito soils showed incomplete 2,4-D degradation. These studies are unique in showing that both cell bioaugmentation and gene bioaugmentation can be effective in enhancing organic degradation in co-contaminated soils. Ultimately, the bioaugmentation strategy may depend on the degree of contamination and the time frame available for remediation.
Proliferation of thymic stem cells with and without receptors for interleukin 2. Implications for intrathymic antigen recognition.
Authors: J P Lugo, S N Krishnan, R D Sailor, P Koen, T Malek, E Rothenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We have tested the dividing cells in the mouse thymus for expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors (IL-2-R) using the rat monoclonal antibody 7D4. A discrete subpopulation of the lymphoblasts clearly expressed IL-2-R at levels comparable to those on mitogen-activated peripheral T cells. This subpopulation, however, represented a small minority of the proliferating cells. IL-2-R-bearing cells were depleted from the PNA+ (peanut agglutinin) lymphoblast population, which contains the direct precursors of most of the cells in the thymus. The majority of receptor-bearing cells were found in the PNA- lymphoblast population, where they constituted only approximately 12% of the cells. Thus, virtually all the PNA+ and most of the PNA- blast cells were in cycle without detectable IL-2-R expression. This indicates that they were not dividing in response to IL-2, and implies that they were not dividing in response to antigen, but rather to novel thymus-specific mitogenic stimuli. On the other hand, the proliferating cells that do express IL-2-R were enriched 4-5-fold in the rapidly growing neonatal thymus, suggesting that they may also play a key role in T cell development.
A National Strategy to Improve Sexual Health
Authors: Andrea Swartzendruber, Jonathan M. Zenilman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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PET after chemotherapy identifies Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who can avoid radiotherapy
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Smoking has potential deleterious effects on respiratory muscle function. Smokers may present with reduced inspiratory muscle strength and endurance. We compared inspiratory muscle performance of nonsmokers with that of former smokers without overt respiratory problems via the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance. <h3>METHODS:</h3> This study was performed on 42 healthy subjects between the ages of 30 and 79 y (mean ± SD of 56.5 ± 14.4 y). Fourteen male and 7 female former smokers were matched to nonsmokers based on sex, age, height, and weight. Subjects completed a questionnaire about their health and current smoking status. Testing included the best of 3 or more consistent trials. The Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure measured from residual volume as well as sustained maximal inspiratory pressure and inspiratory duration measured from residual volume to total lung capacity during a maximal sustained inhalation. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> No significant difference in inspiratory performance of the entire group of former smokers compared with nonsmokers was found. However, separate sex analyses found a significant difference in sustained maximal inspiratory pressure between male former smokers and nonsmokers (518.7 ± 205.0 pressure time units vs 676.5 ± 255.2 pressure time units, <i>P</i> = .041). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> We found similar maximal inspiratory pressure between former smokers and nonsmokers via the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance, but the significant difference in sustained maximal inspiratory pressure between male former smokers and nonsmokers suggests that the sustained maximal inspiratory pressure may have greater discriminatory ability in assessing the effects of smoking on inspiratory muscle performance. Further investigation of the effects of smoking on inspiratory performance via the Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance is warranted.
Lyon Diet Heart Study
Authors: Penny Kris-Etherton, Robert H. Eckel, Barbara V. Howard, Sachiko St. Jeor, Terry L. Bazzarre
Journal: Circulation (2001)

D iet is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment efforts.Step I and Step II diets are widely recommended as the first line of CVD intervention. 1 At the core of this dietary guidance are the recommendations to decrease saturated fat and cholesterol and to consume more fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products.Information from an extensive database, especially regarding saturated fat, indicates that these diets significantly lower blood cholesterol levels, a major risk factor for CVD.Consequently, it is beyond debate that these diets reduce CVD risk.Since the advent of Step I and Step II diets, nutritionists have sought to develop effective implementation strategies, including identifying dietary patterns that augment the beneficial effects of these diets.Recent findings indicate that we are making impressive progress in attaining these goals.There is provocative evidence from the Lyon Diet Heart Study 2 suggesting that a Mediterranean-style, Step I diet (emphasizing more bread, more root vegetables and green vegetables, more fish, less beef, lamb and pork replaced with poultry, no day without fruit, and butter and cream replaced with margarine high in ␣-linolenic acid) has effects that may be superior to those observed for the usual Step I diet.These findings raise the interesting, but not yet corroborated, question of whether a modified Step I diet (ie, a Mediterranean-style Step I diet) that features a dietary pattern consistent with the new American Heart Association (AHA) Dietary Guidelines may augment the Step I or Step II diets that are presently implemented in clinical practice.Defining a Mediterranean-style diet is challenging given the broad geographical region, including at least 16 countries, that borders the Mediterranean Sea.As would be expected, there are cultural, ethnic, religious, economic, and agricultural production differences that result in different dietary practices in these areas and that preclude a single definition of a Mediterranean-style diet.Nonetheless, there is a dietary pattern that is characteristic of Mediterranean-style diets.This pattern emphasizes a diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, bread, other forms of cereals, potatoes, beans, nuts, and seeds.
False Atrial Flutter From Nasogastric Suction Pump
Authors: Richard S. Crampton
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Parkinsonian tremor and hiccups,1a roller pump used in hemodialysis,2myoclonic movement (211:829, 1970), and broken electrocardiographic electrode wires (220:1130, 1972) have caused false atrial arrhythmias. Recently we observed electrocardiographic artifacts that mimicked atrial flutter during nasogastric suction with a roller pump. When seen by us, a patient with intestinal obstruction had no muscle tremor or hiccups, had been given digitalis for a short term for what was thought to be atrial flutter, and was connected to an Air-Shields Drainage Pump (model DP-45-1) via nasogastric tubing. False atrial flutter occurred only during suction and completely disappeared whenever the pump was turned off or suction tubing disconnected, thus ruling out atrial dissociation (Fig). Further testing of the drainage pump, electrocardiographic recorder and electrodes, and alternating current wall receptacle showed that this artifact was not electrically induced, but rather mechanically caused by the roller pump as it regularly
Interpretation of potassium hydroxide wet mounts by means of telemicroscopy
Authors: Anne E. Burdick, Brian Berman, Francisco Flores, Stacy J. Frankel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

The potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount preparation is commonly used to determine the presence of fungal or yeast elements in skin scrapings. Twenty percent of all patients referred from primary care practitioners to dermatologists in the East Carolina University Telemedicine Program required a KOH mount (personal communication, Dr. Charles Phillips, Sept. 27, 1996). During teledermatology consultations, many treatment recommendations depend on whether the preparation was positive or negative. Although the uses and accuracy of dermatologic and histologic diagnosis by telemedicine have been recently reviewed, 1 Burdick AE Berman G. Teledermatology. in: Telemedicine: theory and practices. Charles C Thomas, Springfield (IL)1996: 225-247 Google Scholar , 2 Burdick AE Berman B. Telemedicine. Adv Dermatol. 1996; 12: 19-45 Google Scholar there are no published studies on the accuracy of the KOH test by telemedicine technology. We evaluated the telemicroscopic accuracy of interpreting KOH preparations with a still-image telemedicine system.
Hippocrates and the Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Gail Povar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are providing an increasing proportion of medical care in the United States. Characteristics of these organizations such as cost containment, incentives to reduce spending by practitioners, and barriers to access for clients raise significant ethical concerns. This paper considers how these features of the HMO withstand ethical scrutiny and what may be done to prevent abuse. Generally, the challenges to the moral integrity of physicians practicing in HMOs are neither intractable nor in all cases unique, although special arrangements may have to be made to ensure that ethical standards are upheld. Independent practice associations pose particular problems. Finally, whether or not an HMO is a for profit enterprise is a significant consideration.
Electrical Remodeling due to Atrial Fibrillation in Chronically Instrumented Conscious Goats
Authors: Maurits C. E. F. Wijffels, Charles J. H. J. Kirchhof, Rick Dorland, John Power, Maurits A. Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Recently, we developed a goat model of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to AF, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) shortened and its physiological rate adaptation inversed, whereas the rate and stability of AF increased. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of (1) the autonomic nervous system, (2) ischemia, (3) stretch, (4) atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and (5) rapid atrial pacing in this process of electrical remodeling. Methods and Results Twenty-five goats were chronically instrumented with multiple epicardial atrial electrodes. Infusion of atropine (1.0 mg/kg; n=6) or propranolol (0.6 mg/kg; n=6) did not abolish the AF-induced shortening of AERP or interval (AFI). Blockade of K + ATP channels by glibenclamide (10 μmol/kg; n=6) slightly increased the AFI from 95±4 to 101±5 ms, but AFI remained considerably shorter than during acute AF (145 ms). Glibenclamide had no significant effect on AERP after electrical cardioversion of AF (69±14 versus 75±15 ms). Volume loading by 0.5 to 1.0 L of Hemaccel (n=12) did not shorten AERP. The median plasma level of ANF increased from 42 to 99 pg/mL after 1 to 4 weeks of AF (n=6), but ANF infusion (0.1 to 3.1 μg/min, n=4) did not shorten AERP. Rapid atrial pacing (24 to 48 hours; n=10) progressively shortened AERP from 134±10 to 105±6 ms and inversed its physiological rate adaptation. Conclusions Electrical remodeling by AF is not mediated by changes in autonomic tone, ischemia, stretch, or ANF. The high rate of electrical activation itself provides the stimulus for the AF-induced changes in AERP.
Recent trends in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the East of Scotland, 1992–2003
Authors: D.H. Brewster, L.A. Bhatti, J.H.C. Inglis, E.R. Nairn, V.R. Doherty
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Historically, ascertainment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) by cancer registries in the U.K. has been shown to be incomplete in several studies. However, recent evidence suggesting that almost all clinically diagnosed NMSCs are verified histologically, coupled with the increasing availability of electronic histopathology data to cancer registries, raises the possibility that this situation may have improved.To assess recent trends in incidence of the main types of NMSC and carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the skin in Scotland.The study was restricted to selected health board areas in the East of Scotland for which pathology data have been used routinely to support cancer registration since the early 1990s. Incident cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, CIS of the skin, and first ever basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were extracted from the Scottish Cancer Registry covering the period of diagnosis 1992-2003. Sex-specific, age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for four consecutive 3-year periods of diagnosis. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in incidence were calculated by Poisson regression modelling, with adjustment for age. The percentage distribution of SCC, BCC and CIS of the skin by anatomical site and sex was calculated for the period of diagnosis 1997-2003.The crude incidence of SCC for the period 1995-97 was 34.7 per 100,000, comparable with the best existing Scottish estimate of 32.2 derived from a prospective survey in Glasgow during March 1995. Age-adjusted rates of SCC, first ever BCC, and CIS of the skin have all increased significantly in both sexes between 1992 and 2003 (all P < 0.001), with EAPCs ranging in magnitude from +1.4% (first ever BCC in males) to +5.1% (CIS in males). The majority of lesions arose on the head and neck area, with the exception of CIS, which in females was more commonly located on the limbs.Ascertainment of NMSC has probably improved since the advent and use of electronic pathology data. Ongoing increases in age-adjusted incidence, combined with ageing of the population, will have major implications for the clinical workload associated with NMSC for the foreseeable future.
Prediabetes and Prehypertension in Healthy Adults Are Associated With Low Vitamin D Levels
Authors: Alok K. Gupta, Meghan M. Brashear, William D. Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To determine whether modest elevations of fasting serum glucose (FSG) and resting blood pressure (BP) in healthy adults are associated with differential serum vitamin D concentrations.Disease-free adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006 were assessed. Prediabetes (PreDM) and prehypertension (PreHTN) were diagnosed using American Diabetes Association and Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure criteria: FSG 100-125 mg/dL and systolic BP 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 80-89 mmHg. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of low vitamin D levels on the odds for PreDM and PreHTN in asymptomatic adults (n = 1,711).The odds ratio for comorbid PreDM and PreHTN in Caucasian men (n = 898) and women (n = 813) was 2.41 (P < 0.0001) with vitamin D levels ≤ 76.3 versus >76.3 nmol/L after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI.This study strengthens the plausibility that low serum vitamin D levels elevate the risk for early-stage diabetes (PreDM) and hypertension (PreHTN).
A novel form of immune inflammatory myopathy associated with antibodies to γ/δ sarcoglycan
Authors: Peter Charles, Chiara Marini-Bettolo, Russell Lane, Poonam Singh, Charles Li, Jill Moss, Federico Roncaroli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Immune mediated inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of acquired diseases characterised by inflammation of skeletal muscle. In recent years, this group of conditions has become better characterised by the detection of autoantibodies to a number of intracellular proteins. The authors have identified three patients with a novel, progressive inflammatory myopathy, associated with circulating IgG antibodies to γ/δ-sarcoglycan, two proteins which form part of the sarcolemmal dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. All three patients responded to steroids initially, with a rapid decrease in CK levels to normal levels, and plasma exchange undertaken in two also produced additional temporary improvement. The patients presented with proximal weakness in the upper and lower limbs, with high CK levels (&gt;2000 IU/L). Patient 3 also had mild facial and neck weakness and dysphagia. With disease progression, distal weakness developed in the upper limbs in a pattern consistent with inclusion body myositis (IBM) but the quadriceps, normally markedly affected in IBM, remained spared. Muscle biopsies showed inflammation, with rimmed vacuoles and dystrophic changes similar to those seen in IBM, but the inflammation included prominent accumulations of CD4+T lymphocytes and plasma cells, together with membrane attack complex deposition on muscle fibres and endothelium. Analysis of myositis specific and associated antibodies (Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, SRP, PM-Scl (75Kd and 100Kd), Ku, Mi-2β, U1-RNP) was negative. Immunohistochemistry using patients9 sera on healthy control muscle revealed uniform immunoglobulin binding to sarcolemma. Western blot of sarcolemmal fractions against patients9 sera demonstrated a distinct band of 35 kDa. This antibody was subsequently shown to react with recombinant γ- and δ-sarcoglycan, two proteins of the muscle cell membrane with &gt;80% homology. These three patients have a novel inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-γ/δ-sarcoglycan autoantibodies. This myopathy appears to be responsive to steroids and plasma exchange. The potential pathogenic role of the autoantibodies in this condition will require further elucidation.
Dosage From Transdermal Nitroglycerin Pads
Authors: Aziz Karim
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An error appeared in an article on transdermal medications in the MEDICAL NEWS section<sup>1</sup>regarding Searle's Nitrodisc pads. Originally, the descriptions of the two Nitrodisc dosage strengths were based on the fact that the pads contained either 16 or 32 mg of nitroglycerin within the polymer matrix. The descriptions were subsequently changed to 5 mg/24 hr and 10 mg/24 hr, clarifying that 5 and 10 mg of nitroglycerin (respectively0 are released in vivo per 24 hours. The erroneous 11.2 mg/24 hr figure cited in the MEDICAL NEWS item, which is credited to an<i>American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy</i>article,<sup>2</sup>is evidence that some potential for confusion still exists. Although a correction was printed as a letter to the editor in a later issue of the same journal,<sup>3</sup>many physicians are yet unaware that Nitrodisc (10 mg/24 hr) delivers on an average the same amount
Cadmium effects in rats on tissue iron, selenium, and blood pressure: blood and hair cadmium in some Oregon residents
Authors: P. D. Whanger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Exposure of rats to cadmium causes a marked depletion of iron in liver and kidney. Selenium neither counteracts or intensifies the influence of cadmium on tissue iron levels. Selenium injections protect against cadmium-induced testicular damage but cause this element to accumulate in the testes at higher concentration than in animals exposed to cadmium without selenium. Selenium injection diverts the binding of cadmium from low molecular weight proteins to high molecular weight ones. Dosing rats with selenium and cadmium or inclusion of Se or Cd in the diet did not result in altered cadmium binding in tissues, raising some questions concerning the environmental significance of these injection experiments. Addition of selenium to a diet containing cadmium decreased the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney, but increased its deposition in testes. The metabolism of cadmium bound to metallothionein was markedly different as compared to the inorganic salt of this element. Dietary ascorbate, but not citrate or cysteine, decreased the deposition of cadmium in rat tissues. In some low-level exposure experiments with cadmium (1 to 1000 ppb), no differences were found in the percentage of dose absorbed or rate of cadmium accumulation when provided in food versus water. Female rats tended to absorb more cadmium than males. The binding of cadmium to cytosolic proteins was found to be different between rats fed low levels of cadmium (up to 1 ppm) as compared to those fed high levels of this element (100 ppm). Cadmium was not found to contribute to hypertension in rats, and a summary of results by various investigators is presented. Blood and hair cadmium levels in Oregon residents were found to be highest in employees of a mine, and hair cadmium was found to be respectively higher in smokers than nonsmokers and in metal workers than office workers. No relationships were observed in humans between blood or hair cadmium levels and blood pressure.
CoreValve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation via the Subclavian Artery
Authors: Anouska M. Moynagh, D. Julian A. Scott, Andreas Baumbach, Ali Khavandi, Stephen J. Brecker, Jean-Claude Laborde, Sue Brown, Saqib Chowdhary, Duraisamy Saravanan, Peter A. Crean, Sinead Teehan, David Hildick-Smith, Uday Trivedi, Saib S. Khogali, Moninder S. Bhabra, David H. Roberts, Kenneth P. Morgan, Daniel J. Blackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)