tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Death from Peptic Ulcer in Elderly Persons
Authors: Marie R. Griffin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the association between current non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and fatal peptic ulcers or upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Design: Nested case control study using a linked Medicaid-death certificate database. Setting: Tennessee Medicaid enrollees aged 60 and greater from 1976 to 1984. Patients: One hundred twenty-two patients, "the cases," had a terminal hospitalization and a peptic ulcer or upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage confirmed by hospital chart review. Population controls (n = 3897) were matched to potential cases by age, sex, race, calendar year, and nursing home status. Measurements and Main Results: "Cases" more frequently filled a prescription for an NSAID within 30 days before onset of illness than controls (34% compared with 11%; adjusted odds ratio, 4. 7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.2). This association between fatal ulcer disease and current NSAID use was consistent in three age groups, women and men, whites and nonwhites, and community and nursing home dwellers. There was no significant association between case status and previous NSAID use (adjusted odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.7 to 4.7). Conclusions: The findings of this study add to the growing evidence that NSAIDs can increase the risk for clinically serious peptic ulcer disease in the elderly.
Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment.
Authors: V Manninen, L Tenkanen, P Koskinen, J K Huttunen, M Mänttäri, O P Heinonen, M H Frick
Journal: Circulation (1992)

We studied the joint effect of baseline triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol levels on the incidence of cardiac end points in the trial group (n = 4,081) of the Helsinki Heart Study, a 5-year randomized coronary primary prevention trial among dyslipidemic middle-aged men. The relative risks (RR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with a dummy variable technique that allows simultaneous study of subgroup combinations from the placebo and treatment groups.In the placebo group (n = 2,045), the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was the best single predictor of cardiac events. This ratio in combination with the serum triglyceride level revealed a high-risk subgroup: subjects with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5 and triglycerides greater than 2.3 mmol/l had a RR of 3.8 (95% CI, 2.2-6.6) compared with those with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio less than or equal to 5 and triglyceride concentration less than or equal to 2.3 mmol/l. In subjects with triglyceride concentration greater than 2.3 mmol/l and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio less than or equal to 5, RR was close to unity (1.1), whereas in those with triglyceride level less than or equal to 2.3 mmol/l and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5, RR was 1.2. The high-risk group with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio greater than 5 and triglyceride level greater than 2.3 mmol/l profited most from treatment with gemfibrozil, with a 71% lower incidence of coronary heart disease events than the corresponding placebo subgroup. In all other subgroups, the reduction in CHD incidence was substantially smaller.Serum triglyceride concentration has prognostic value, both for assessing coronary heart disease risk and in predicting the effect of gemfibrozil treatment, especially when used in combination with HDL-C and LDL-C.
A cumulative dose study of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol administered by hydrofluoroalkane-134a metered-dose inhaler in asthmatic subjects
Authors: Kenneth Tripp, William K. McVicar, Parameswaran Nair, Jonathan Corren, Warren W. Pleskow, Elizabeth Goodwin, Rudolf A. Baumgartner, John P. Hanrahan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Molecular Genetic Risk Screening
Authors: Wayne W. Grody
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2003)

Under the impetus of the Human Genome Project, new disease-associated genes are being discovered at a rapid pace. Mutations in many of these genes are present in a high enough proportion of the general population, or of particular ethnic groups, that global or targeted population screening can be contemplated. If performed early enough, identification of these mutations by molecular genetic testing can be used not merely to diagnose disease but to predict risk of future disease, either in the individual being tested or in his or her offspring. In some cases this knowledge can be the rationale for heightened surveillance and/or preventive or therapeutic interventions. Mass screening has already commenced for cystic fibrosis mutations and has been discussed for such diverse diseases as hereditary hemochromatosis, thrombophilias, familial cancer predispositions, and pharmacogenetic risk factors. However, implementation of such programs is often impeded by the complexity of the gene mutations, by incomplete penetrance, and by thorny ethical and social issues. This chapter reviews the basic criteria to be considered before embarking on population genetic risk screening, and examines multiple disease-screening examples representing a variety of modes of inheritance and technical challenges.
Heavy Smokers, Smoking Cessation, and Clonidine
Authors: Alexander H. Glassman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Seventy-one heavy smokers who had failed in previous attempts to stop smoking participated in a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of clonidine as an aid in smoking cessation. The success rate in clonidine-treated subjects (verified by serum cotinine concentration) was more than twice that in the placebo-treated subjects. When the data were stratified by gender, a strong effect present in women was not apparent in men. After six months, cessation rates remained significantly higher among smokers treated with clonidine than those receiving placebo. The data also revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence (61%) of a history of major depression in this sample and a significant negative effect of such a history on cessation regardless of treatment. These findings, highly suggestive of an important role of clonidine in smoking cessation, warrant further studies to establish the long-term (greater than or equal to 12 months) efficacy of this drug and to replicate the association between nicotine dependence and depression.
161. Targeting HSV Infection to gD Receptor-Negative Cells Using Soluble gD Receptors
Authors: Heechung Kwon, Qing Bai, Kelly Felmet, Hyun-Jung Baek, Gyuyoup Kim, William F. Goins, Justus F. Cohen, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

HSV-1 initially attaches to cells through the binding of glycoproteins C and B (gC and gB) to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulphate (HS) moieties. Subsequent entry requires interaction between gD and one of the cell surface receptors, HveA or HveC. Virus-cell fusion requires the presence of gD, gB, gH/gL in the virion, but details of the process are not fully understood. A more detailed understanding of the process involved in virus-cell fusion may assist in the generation of targeted gene delivery vectors for experimental and therapeutic applications.
Vasopressin for cardiac arrest increases chances of survival
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

People with refractory cardiac arrest are three times as likely to survive if they are given the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin than if they receive the standard emergency treatment, adrenaline (epinephrine).

The new findings are from a study of patients with cardiac arrest in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

The current international guidelines for coronary pulmonary resuscitation recommend the use of adrenaline during cardiac resuscitation and consider vasopressin only as a secondary alternative, because clinical data on treatment with vasopressin have been limited.

Researchers led by Volker Wenzel of the department of anaesthesiology and critical care medicine at Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria, randomly assigned adults who had had …
Muscle Fiber Composition and Capillary Density in Women and Men With NIDDM
Authors: Per MÅrin, Björn Andersson, Marcin Krotkiewski, Per Björntorp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether muscle fiber composition and capillary density differed between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Muscle fiber composition and capillary density were determined in biopsies from women and men with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and compared with those of control subjects matched for gender, age, obesity, and the waist-to-hip ratio, which are all factors known to influence muscle morphology. RESULTS Patients with NIDDM, as well as control subjects with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance, showed the same abnormalities in muscle morphology, namely, a low percentage of type I fibers, elevated type II (particularly type IIB) fibers, and a low capillary density. These changes correlated closely with insulin concentrations in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS Recent information suggests that insulin may regulate myosin synthesis in muscle in the direction of the changes observed. Therefore, it is possible that muscle fiber composition abnormalities in insulin-resistant conditions are secondary to hyperinsulinemia. However, the low capillary density, hypothetically, may contribute to insulin resistance.
ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHLOROFORM DURING PARTURITION
Authors: J. Snow
Journal: BMJ (1853)

IT is unnecessary now to cemploy or allude to any of the abstract reasons wlich hav-e lbcen given for using or with- holdin, chloroform (luring, Ialaour, since a sufficient number of observations have been made to enable the question to be decidledi bv experience.I belicvc that no one disputes the power of chloroform to relieve the sufferings attendant on parturition; and, therefore, the only consistent objection that can be made to it is, that some danger or disadvantage may arise fromn its use.lt is well known that, out of the vast numnbers of patients to whonL this agent has been ad- mninistered for the lerfirmanltcc of surgical operations, a Iew have unfortunately (lied whilst inhaling it, or a minute or tw(o afterwardls; liut it is satisfactory to kTlow that nio accidenit of the kindl has happened in the practice of nii(lwifery.This should not be looked uipon as a mere coinicidelnce, for there are suifficient reasons for concluding that there is nio danger from the exhibition of chloroform dluring-labour by a mnedical man using orliriary care, even though he mayv have had no previous experience in its em- * Princiilltn Riai 1'lrntice of Olbsttric Medicine.Third edition, p. 160.+ Ste Lectures Uil P'trirutiot, p. 474. in both cases.The occurrence of convulsons a little bore
Echoendoscopy Prior to Endoscopic Tumor Therapy - More Safety?
Authors: J. C. Souquet, B. Napoleon, B. Pujol, T. Ponchon, O. Keriven, R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Echoendoscopy has been found useful to better define gastrointestinal tract tumors which may be suitable for endoscopic treatment. In benign tumors, echoendoscopy may be used to decrease the risk of hemorrhage or perforation before resection of large polyps or submucosal lesions. The most important indications for echoendoscopy, however, are in the field of GI oncology, and the method may lead to a better selection of superficial cancers without lymph node metastases. However, endoscopic ultrasound is still limited in differentiating mucosal from submucosal tumors and in the detection and interpretation of small lymph nodes. Technical improvements and careful interpretation of echoendoscopy will increase the number of patients cured by non-surgical procedures in the future.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte random migration and chemotaxis in psoriatic and healthy adult smokers and non-smokers
Authors: T.S. SONNEX, P. CARRINGTON, P. NORRIS, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Random migration and chemotactic responsiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from psoriatic and control smokers and non-smokers were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, but not in vitro, PMNs from psoriatic smokers responded to a significantly greater degree to a standard chemotaxin than did PMNs from psoriatic non-smokers, control smokers and control non-smokers. This suggests that smoking has a selective effect on psoriatic PMNs. The possible relevance of this to the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris and to palmoplantar pustulosis is discussed.
Abdominal wall movement in normals and patients with hemidiaphragmatic and bilateral diaphragmatic palsy
Authors: T. Higenbottam, D. Allen, L. Loh, T. J. H. Clark
Journal: Thorax (1977)

<b>Higenbottam, T., Allen, D., Loh, L., and Clark, T. J. H. (1977).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>32,</b> 589-595. <b>Abdominal wall movement in normals and patients with hemidiaphragmatic and bilateral diaphragmatic palsy.</b> The abdomen and ribcage volume contribution to the tidal volume have been determined using magnetometers in three groups of subjects—normal males, patients with hemidiaphragmatic palsy, and patients with bilateral diaphragmatic palsy. In all three groups the main moving parts appear to be the anterior surfaces of the abdomen and ribcage even in the presence of bilateral diaphragmatic palsy. In the group of patients with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis the anterior abdominal wall moved inward paradoxically on inspiration. This `negative9 movement increased with larger tidal breaths and was best seen in recumbent patients. The normal subjects and those with hemidiaphragmatic palsy showed an outward movement of the anterior abdominal wall on inspiration which increased with larger tidal breaths. It is believed that the paradoxical movement of the abdomen in bilateral diaphragmatic palsy is a valuable clinical sign of this condition. The contribution of the abdominal volume displacement to the tidal volume in the normal subjects and the hemidiaphragmatic palsy patients varied considerably between subjects and with different postures, but no difference could be discerned between the two groups. This supports the suggestion that the diaphragm is concerned more with maintaining a pressure difference between the abdomen and ribcage than displacing abdominal volume.
Efficacy and safety of the pulsed infusions of levosimendan in outpatients with advanced heart failure (<scp>LevoRep</scp>) study: a multicentre randomized trial
Authors: Johann Altenberger, John T. Parissis, Angelika Costard‐Jaeckle, Andreas Winter, Christian Ebner, Apostolos Karavidas, Kurt Sihorsch, Ekaterini Avgeropoulou, Thomas Weber, Lida Dimopoulos, Hanno Ulmer, Gerhard Poelzl
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
P16 * METASTATIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA - UK RESULTS WITH INDUCTION AND HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH HYPERFRACTIONATED ACCELERATED RADIOTHERAPY (THE MILAN STRATEGY)
Authors: S. Vivekanandan, R. Breene, R. Ramanujachar, H. Traunecker, B. Pizer, M. Gaze, F. Saran, N. Thorpe, S. Picton, M. English, K. Wheeler, A. Michalski, D. A. Walker, D. Saunders, F. Cowie, A. Cameron, V. Lee, D. H. Parashar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Historically, the 5-year overall survival (OS) for metastatic medulloblastoma (MMB) is less than 40%. The Milan Strategy of post-operative induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) and response directed myeloablative high dose chemotherapy (HDC) or maintenance chemotherapy was reported in a study of 33 patients with MMB to improve 3-year OS to 77% (95% CI 61, 93) and 5-year OS to 73% (59, 87). We report the outcomes of patients treated using this strategy in UK centres. METHOD: Questionnaires were sent to all 20 UK paediatric oncology centres to collect retrospective data on treatment delivered, toxicity and survival with the Milan strategy. RESULTS: Between February 2009 and October 2011, 34 patients with MMB in 14 centres fulfilled the entry criteria of the original study. The median age at presentation was 7 years (range 3-15). Median interval from surgery to HART was 109 versus 85 days in the Milan series. The incidence of grade 3 haematological toxicities with IC and HDC was 83-100%. 16/16 patients who achieved CR by the end of therapy remain alive and in remission but only 3/18 with lesser responses are still alive (p < 0.0001). With follow up of 30-60 months, we estimate 3-year OS of 55% (95% Cl 38, 71). This result is outside the 95% CI of the Milan results and encompasses the historical result of 40%. We did not observe major late neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION: We did not replicate the improved results reported by the Milan group. The reasons could include differences in patient sub-groups and protocol compliance.
Topical Ether and Herpes Simplex Labialis
Authors: Mary E. Guinan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 51 patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis were treated with topical ether or placebo within 24 hours of onset of a lesion. There was no noteworthy difference between groups given ether and placebo in progression of lesions, healing time, duration or intensity of pain, and duration or quantity of virus excretion. The ether also failed to reduce appreciably lesion virus titer, even when lesions were cultured immediately after topical application. Despite these results, 75% of the patients receiving ether and 77% of those receiving placebo reported effective reduction of the severity and duration of lesions. The marked placebo effect in the treatment of recurrent herpes infection helps to emphasize the need for objective measurements and placebo-controlled studies.
Viral or non-viral angiogenesis gene transfer—New answers to old questions
Authors: S NIKOL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

See article by Hao et al. \[8\] (pages 481–487) in this issue. 

Therapeutic angiogenesis has come a long way in 15 years of research [1]. Mechanisms of vessel formation are well characterised, and their elucidation has led to numerous clinical trials targeting mostly single factors involved in this process: there are at least 106 registered angiogenesis gene therapy trials with an estimated 2000 patients treated to date [2]. Table 1 summarises phase II angiogenesis gene therapy trials that have been completed for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. Thus, angiogenesis gene therapy has quietly reached the era of phase III clinical trials aiming at the first-time approval for this new class of drug in the Western world.

View this table:

Table 1 
Completed phase II clinical trials of angiogenesis gene therapy



Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis gene therapy depend on the optimal combination of target gene, vector, and route of administration [3,4]. Among the dozens of factors involved in the angiogenesis process, only vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165, VEGF121) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1, FGF-4) have been investigated in completed phase II clinical trials. Other factors tested currently in phase II angiogenesis gene therapy trials are vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGF-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α), and developmentally regulated endothelial locus (DEL).

Whereas it has become widely accepted … 

*Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Munster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Munster, Germany. Tel.: +49 251 83 48501; fax: +49 251 83 45101. Email address: nikol{at}uni-muenster.de
Isolated amelanotic malignant melanoma of the heart
Authors: M.K. Bohlmann, F.S. Eckstein, E. Stauffer, Y. Allemann, T.P. Carrel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Isolated amelanotic malignant melanoma of the heart Get access M.K. Bohlmann, M.K. Bohlmann Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery Michael K.Bohlmann, Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Voss‐Str. 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. E‐mail: michael.bohlmann@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.S. Eckstein, F.S. Eckstein Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stauffer, E. Stauffer Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Allemann, Y. Allemann Cardiology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.P. Carrel T.P. Carrel Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 5, 1 May 2002, Pages 912–915, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04675.x Published: 01 May 2002 Article history Accepted: 25 October 2001 Published: 01 May 2002
Home based versus centre based cardiac rehabilitation: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: H. M Dalal, A. Zawada, K. Jolly, T. Moxham, R. S Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the effect of home based and supervised centre based cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and morbidity, health related quality of life, and modifiable cardiac risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, without language restriction, searched from 2001 to January 2008. <b>Review methods</b> Reference lists checked and advice sought from authors. Included randomised controlled trials that compared centre based cardiac rehabilitation with home based programmes in adults with acute myocardial infarction, angina, or heart failure or who had undergone coronary revascularisation. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the identified trials and extracted data independently. Authors were contacted when possible to obtain missing information. <b>Results</b> 12 studies (1938 participants) were included. Most studies recruited patients with a low risk of further events after myocardial infarction or revascularisation. No difference was seen between home based and centre based cardiac rehabilitation in terms of mortality (relative risk 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 2.66), cardiac events, exercise capacity (standardised mean difference −0.11, −0.35 to 0.13), modifiable risk factors (weighted mean difference systolic blood pressure (0.58 mm Hg, −3.29 mm Hg to 4.44 mm Hg), total cholesterol (−0.13 mmol/l, −0.31 mmol/l to 0.05 mmol/l), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.15 mmol/l, −0.31 mmol/l to 0.01 mmol/l), or relative risk for proportion of smokers at follow-up (0.98, 0.73 to 1.31)), or health related quality of life, with the exception of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.06, −0.11 to −0.02) mmol/l). In the home based participants, there was evidence of superior adherence. No consistent difference was seen in the healthcare costs of the two forms of cardiac rehabilitation. <b>Conclusions</b> Home and centre based forms of cardiac rehabilitation seem to be equally effective in improving clinical and health related quality of life outcomes in patients with a low risk of further events after myocardial infarction or revascularisation. This finding, together with the absence of evidence of differences in patients' adherence and healthcare costs between the two approaches, supports the further provision of evidence based, home based cardiac rehabilitation programmes such as the "Heart Manual." The choice of participating in a more traditional supervised centre based or evidence based home based programme should reflect the preference of the individual patient.