tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Apparent cure of cancer with cyclophosphamide.
Authors: J. F. Dark
Journal: BMJ (1968)

B12 Levels in West in the West Indians.Neither can they be attributed to liver disease, in which the B,2 level may be raised.The occurrence of a raised IgG in the West Indians suggests that the primary abnormality may be one of protein formation.It is not likely that the higher B12 levels are due to its binding directly to IgG, because neither of the two B12 binding proteins (Hall and Finkler, 1963Finkler, , 1965) is a gammaglobulin.Trans- cobalamin I is an al-globulin and transcobalamin II elutes from diethylaminoethanol cellulose just following the majority of y-and 8l-globulins.High levels of IgG have been reported in Gambians (Rowe et al., 1968), in the Congolese (Michaux, 1966), and in Nigerians (Turner and Voller, 1966).Rowe and his colleagues think that this difference may be genetic in origin.Liver disease and recurrent infections are less likely alternatives.High B12 levels and high levels of B,2 binding capacity have recently been reported in Southern Nigerians by Fleming (1968).The mean serum B12 +1 S.D. was 575 ±16 tt/ig./ml.; the mean unbound serum B12 binding capacity was 1,802 ptjig./ml.with a range of 1,433 to 2,083
Arterial versus capillary sampling for analysing blood gas pressures
Authors: K. Dar, T. Williams, R. Aitken, K. L Woods, S. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological and quality of life (QoL) data in patients with cervical cancer from low- and middle-income countries are scarce. We aimed to describe sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer at diagnosis in Brazil. <h3>Methods</h3> EVITA is a prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer from May 2016 to December 2017, stages I–IVB, from 16 Brazilian sites representing the five Brazilian regions. At baseline, medical evaluation was performed and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-CX24/C30 questionnaires were administered. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 631 patients were included. Mean±SD age was 49.3±13.9 years; skin color was non-white in 65.3%, and 68.0% had ≤8 years of formal education. In total, 85.1% of patients had a Pap smear. The main reasons reported by patients for not having a Pap smear were: lack of interest (46.9%), shame or embarrassment (19.7%), lack of knowledge (19.7%), and difficulty with access (9.1%). Most patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease (FIGO clinical stage II–IV in 81.8%– stage II in 35.2%, stage III in 36.1%, and stage IV in 10.5%). Patients with clinical stage III–IV had worse physical functioning and role functioning. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cervical cancer in Brazil is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Most patients have low formal education and are unemployed. Lack of interest was identified as a main reason for not having a screening test, and limited access was reported as a reason by &lt;10% of the patients. Awareness campaigns must be a governmental priority, specially focused on the needy population, along with wide access to treatment.
Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico
Authors: Arturo Zarate
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Diabetes in Mexico is a public health problem with considerable medical, social, and economic consequences. Although detailed data on the prevalence of diabetes and its complications are not available, health services utilization data of the Social Security organization (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) indicate increasing use of primary and tertiary care for diabetes over a recent 10-yr period. A health interview survey conducted in 1988 indicated that, in different areas, from 3.5 to 12.7% of people aged ≥ 65 yr are believed to have diabetes, and that rates are higher in many of the states bordering the United States. Diabetes ranks among the leading 10 causes of death throughout the country. Although the ranking varies from state to state and the diagnosis may not appear on the death certificate when death results from a complication of the disease, in 1983 diabetes was the leading cause of death in Mexico and the first or second leading cause in many of the states bordering the U.S. Gestational diabetes contributes to perinatal mortality, and in view of the high birth rates, represents an important facet of the disease in Mexico. The impact of specific complications of diabetes on morbidity and mortality in Mexico are not well delineated. The relative frequency and impact of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Mexico are not known.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: D I H Simpson, M G R Varma
Journal: BMJ (1982)

physically harmful consequences of substance abuse.To accept less stringent criteria on the grounds that false reports of toxic effects do not matter because they may deter only drug abusers while false reports of adverse effects do matter because they may deter drug prescribers is to adopt a dangerous doublestandard on a very shaky foundation.For, firstly, the deterrent effect of scares about toxic effects is far from established, and, secondly, a whole segment of medical data becomes usable only by those who share the assumptions of those who collected it.
Expression of cell-cycle regulators p27Kip1 and cyclin E, alone and in combination, correlate with survival in young breast cancer patients
Authors: Peggy L. Porter, Kathleen E. Malone, Patrick J. Heagerty, Gail M. Alexander, Laura A. Gatti, Eduardo J. Firpo, Janet R. Daling, James M. Roberts
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Effects of inhaled budesonide on allergen-induced airway responses and airway inflammation.
Authors: G M Gauvreau, J Doctor, R M Watson, M Jordana, P M O'Byrne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Allergen inhalation by sensitized subjects results in acute bronchoconstriction, which can be followed by a later bronchoconstrictor response, allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, and increases in airway inflammatory cells. Treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids attenuates allergen-induced asthmatic airway responses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 1-wk pretreatment with inhaled budesonide influences allergen-induced changes in inflammatory cells in blood and induced sputum. Seven subjects with mild atopic asthma were treated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover fashion with either inhaled budesonide 400 microg/d, or placebo for 7 d. Allergen challenges were carried out the morning after treatment was discontinued and sputum samples were obtained 7 h after allergen inhalation. Methacholine airway responsiveness was measured, and blood and sputum samples were obtained 24 h post-allergen. Budesonide treatment attenuated the magnitude of both the early and the late asthmatic response, reduced allergen-induced methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness, and attenuated allergen-induced increases in total eosinophils and activated eosinophils. These results suggest that the effects of inhaled glucocorticosteroids on allergen-induced airway responses may be mediated through their inhibition of allergen-induced eosinophil migration and activation.
DNA binding to human leukocytes. Evidence for a receptor-mediated association, internalization, and degradation of DNA.
Authors: R M Bennett, G T Gabor, M M Merritt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Previous studies have indicated that white blood cells possess DNA on their outer membranes. In this study we set out to determine whether exogenous DNA bound to cells in a fashion compatible with a ligand receptor union. Purified populations of white blood cells; neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN), adherent mononuclear cells (ADMC), rosetting lymphocytes (E+ cells), and nonrosetting lymphocytes (E- cells) were incubated with radiolabeled lambda phage DNA in increasing concentrations. Binding of [3H]DNA was a saturable process and was inhibited by excess cold DNA and prior trypsinization of the cells. Rate zonal density centrifugation of purified cell membrane preparations confirmed that DNA was binding to the outer cell surface. The dissociation constant for all four cell types was approximately 10(-9) M, and from 0.81 X 10(3) to 2.6 X 10(3) molecules of lambda phage DNA bound to each cell depending upon cell type. Binding was not competitively inhibited by RNA, polydeoxyadenylic acid-polydeoxythymidylic acid (poly [d(A).d(T)]), or mononucleotides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)-separated proteins from PMN, ADMC, E+, and E- cells were electrophoretically blotted onto nitrocellulose sheets; a probe of biotin-labeled DNA indicated a single species of DNA-binding molecule migrating in a position consistent with a molecular weight of 30,000. Isotopic and immunofluorescent studies indicate that DNA is internalized and degraded to oligonucleotides; this process is inhibited by cycloheximide. These results support the notion that there is a common binding site for DNA on white blood cells, that the stoichiometry of the association is compatible with a ligand receptor relationship, and that this apparent receptor is responsible for the endocytosis and degradation of exogenous DNA.
Causes of Death Among Cirrhotic Patients Following Portal Decompression
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One hundred and twenty-three proved cirrhotic patients were followed up until death, following surgical portal decompression. It was found that 42% died of causes that could not be directly blamed on the cirrhosis or results of the operation. Liver failure without bleeding caused 50 of the deaths, about a quarter during the first postoperative month. Seven deaths were due to variceal bleeding, and 12 followed bleeding from some other upper gastrointestinal lesion. Seven patients died of cerebral vascular accident. The frequencies of the various causes of death differed strikingly from those observed among 358 cirrhotic patients without shunts who were followed up until death during the same period.
Catcher's Crouch and Rubella Immunization
Authors: James S. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently Kilroy et al (214:2287-2292, 1970) reported on two new "syndromes" following rubella immunization. We would like to support their finding of the "catcher's crouch syndrome" with two cases we have observed. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 6 1/2-year-old boy received an injection of duck embryo rubella vaccine on Sept 30, 1970, at a rubella clinic run by the Idaho Department of Health. He remained well and asymptomatic until Nov 15, when he noted the onset of pain in both knees, right greater than left. The pain was deep-seated, intermittent in nature, and often woke the patient up in the morning. During these episodes, the child was unable to extend his legs fully and he stood in a crouched position. As the day progressed, the pain lessened and he was able to carry on normal activities. Moderate swelling of the knee occurred in association with
Trial of Disodium Cromoglycate in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: D. G. Robertson, S. W. Epstein, D. A. Warrell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a double-blind cross-over trial of disodium cromoglycate on 11 patients nine were symptomatically improved, and in all of these daily measurements of peak expiratory flow increased. The forced expiratory volume in the first second and specific airway conductance did not increase in all patients. In most cases the average values for residual volume and functional residual capacity fell; exercise capacity and ventilation did not change, but the pulse rate on exercise was lower. It is suggested that the changes produced by disodium cromoglycate are worth while.
Doctor is cleared of asking nurse to give fatal dose to dying patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Oligodendrocytes show transcriptional heterogeneity but the regional and functional implications of this heterogeneity are less clear. Here, we apply <i>in situ</i> sequencing (ISS) to simultaneously probe the expression of 124 marker genes of distinct oligodendrocyte populations, providing comprehensive maps of corpus callosum, cingulate, motor and somatosensory cortex in the brain, as well as gray (GM) and white matter (WM) regions in the spinal cord, at juvenile and adult stages. We systematically compare abundances of these populations and investigate the neighboring preference of distinct oligodendrocyte populations. As previously described, we observed that oligodendrocyte lineage progression is more advanced in the juvenile spinal cord compared to the brain. Additionally, myelination is ongoing in the adult corpus callosum while it is mostly completed in the cortex. Interestingly, we found a medial-to-lateral gradient of oligodendrocyte lineage progression in the juvenile cortex, which could be linked to arealization, as well as a deep-to-superficial gradient with mature oligodendrocytes preferentially accumulating in the deeper layers of the cortex. We observed differences in abundances and population dynamics over time between GM and WM regions in the brain and spinal cord, indicating regional differences within GM and WM. We also found that oligodendroglia populations’ neighboring preferences are altered from the juvenile to the adult CNS. Thus, our ISS dataset reveals spatial heterogeneity of the oligodendrocyte lineage progression in the brain and spinal cord, which could be relevant to further investigate functional heterogeneity of oligodendroglia.
A genetic basis for atrophy: dominant non-responsiveness and helicobacter induced gastritis in F<sub>1</sub> hybrid mice
Authors: P Sutton, J Wilson, R Genta, D Torrey, A Savinainen, J Pappo, A Lee
Journal: Gut (1999)

The importance of host factors in helicobacter induced gastritis has been shown in animal models. Infection of most mouse strains with Helicobacter felis results in a functional atrophic gastritis, while other strains remain gastritis free.To investigate these host factors further by using genetic crosses of responder and non-responder mice.F(1) hybrids of the non-responder CBA/Ca strain and three strains of mice known to develop H felis induced gastritis were infected for three months with H felis. Gastritis was assessed by histopathology and serum antibody responses by ELISA.Infection of CBA/Ca mice and F(1) hybrids induced little or no gastritis. Analyses of the antibody responses in these mice revealed virtually undetectable anti-helicobacter antibody levels despite colonisation with high numbers of H felis. In contrast, infection of H felis responsive strains induced gastritis and a significant humoral immune response.The non-responsiveness of CBA/Ca mice to H felis infection is dominantly inherited. The lack of gastritis in CBA mice and their offspring is probably due to active suppression of the immune response normally mounted against H felis. Investigation of these mechanisms will provide important insights relevant to induction of gastric atrophy and cancer in humans.
Linear Limb Sinus Tract in a Child
Authors: John F. Csicsko
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CHRONIC draining sinus tracts and recurrent abscesses are usually associated with chronic inflammatory disorders (tuberculosis, fungal disorders), neoplasms, inflammatory bowel disease, and the presence of a foreign body. This report describes the case of a child who had recurrent gluteal and thigh abscess, with persistent draining sinus tracts that, in the final analysis, represented a subdermal linear limb sinus tract covering the entire length of the lower extremity. We believe this lesion is of congenital origin; review of the English literature did not reveal a similar case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 5-year-old girl was admitted to the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children on the Indiana University Medical Center campus on April 11, 1972, with the chief complaint of persistent purulent drainage from the right gluteal fold. The draining area had been present for two years and was initially thought to be related to an insect bite. A single
The Action Profile of Lispro Is Not Blunted by Mixing in the Syringe With NPH Insulin
Authors: Stonny E Joseph, Anna Korzon-Burakowska, James R Woodworth, Mark Evans, David Hopkins, Jonathan M Janes, Stephanie A Amiel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of mixing the insulin analog lispro (Humalog) with NPH (Humulin I) before injection on lispro's fast, short action profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12 healthy volunteers received subcutaneous abdominal injections of 0.1 U/kg regular insulin and 0.2 U/kg NPH insulin as follows: lispro and NPH injected separately (treatment group A), lispro and NPH mixed in the syringe up to 2 min before single injection (treatment group B), and human regular insulin and NPH mixed and injected as in group B (treatment group C), on separateoccasions, in random order. Plasma glucose was maintained for 12 h by intravenous 20% glucose. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures RESULTS Peak plasma insulin levels (2.6 ± 0.8 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 ng/ml, P = 0.075),total glucose infused (121.5 ± 32.8 vs. 135.0 ± 49.0 vs. 117.3 ± 39.9 mg · kg−1 · min−1 P = 0.53), and maximum glucose infusion rate (GlRmax) (8.3 ± 0.9 vs. 8.0 ± 1.7 vs. 7.1 ± 2.4 mg · kg−1 · min−1 P = 0.65) were not significantly different between treatments. The times until peak insulin concentrations were similar in treatment groups A and B, but significantly shorter than in treatment group C (0.9 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.4 h, respectively, P = 0.042). The times until GIRmax were also not different (113.9 ± 41 and 122.0 ± 45 vs. 209.0 ± 51.3 min, , respectively, P = 0.002). The glucose infusion rate (GIR) then fell to 50% GIRmax more quickly in treatment groups A and B than in treatment group C (239.9 ± 40.5 vs. 292.4 ± 133.3 vs. 399.5 ± 78.3, respectively, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The action profile of lispro is not attenuated by mixing lispro with NPH in the syringe immediately before injection. The advantages are available to those individuals who need to combine typesof insulin before injection to achieve optimal diabetes control.
Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Emre Kokmen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The authors have limited consideration of motor speech disorders to dysarthrias of neurogenic nature. Aphasias (defined by the authors as problems of processing and symbolic formulation of the language code) are excluded. So are the deviant patterns of speech, such as developmental disorders of articulation and those disorders arising from structural impairments, such as cleft palate. A short but useful review of the basic motor process of speech production and its evaluation by clinical and other techniques is included. A more detailed description of relatively unfamiliar methods, such as palatography and videofluoroscopy would have been desirable. The neurologist will find the chapters on principles of neurologic function and hierarchy of motor organization rather basic. Other specialists may find these useful. On the other hand, many speech pathologists may find the section on motor speech examination somewhat devoid of detail. A disproportionately large space is allotted to the examination of the
Buying Biosafety — Is the Price Right?
Authors: Louise Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On September 30, 2003, Boston University and the University of Texas at Galveston were each awarded $120 million by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to build a biosafety level 4 laboratory. Nine regional biocontainment laboratories were funded along with these two national biocontainment laboratories. In announcing the awards, Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson described them as “a major step towards being able to provide Americans with effective therapies, vaccines and diagnostics for diseases caused by agents of bioterror as well as for naturally occurring emerging infections.”1 (Figure)The funding was provided by the . . .
Aberrant activation of integrin α4β7 suppresses lymphocyte migration to the gut
Authors: Eun Jeong Park, J. Rodrigo Mora, Christopher V. Carman, JianFeng Chen, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Guiying Cheng, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Motomu Shimaoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Integrin adhesion molecules mediate lymphocyte migration and homing to normal and inflamed tissues. While the ligand-binding activity of integrins is known to be modulated by conformational changes, little is known about how the appropriate balance of integrin adhesiveness is maintained in order to optimize the migratory capacity of lymphocytes in vivo. In this study we examined the regulation of the gut homing receptor α4β7 integrin by manipulating at the germline level an integrin regulatory domain known as adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site (ADMIDAS). ADMIDAS normally serves to raise the activation threshold of α4β7, thereby stabilizing it in the default nonadhesive state. Lymphocytes from knockin β7 (D146A) mice, which harbor a disrupted ADMIDAS, not only expressed an α4β7 integrin that persistently adhered to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule–1 (MAdCAM-1), but also exhibited perturbed cell migration along MAdCAM-1 substrates resulting from improper de-adhesion of the lymphocyte trailing edge. In vivo, aberrantly activated α4β7 enhanced adhesion to Peyer’s patch venules, but suppressed lymphocyte homing to the gut, diminishing the capacity of T cells to induce colitis. Our results underscore the importance of a proper balance in the adhesion and de-adhesion of the α4β7 integrin, both for lymphocyte trafficking to the gut and for colitis progression.
Incidence and Meaning of Persistence of Australia Antigen in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: Development of Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Jens O. Nielsen, Odd Dietrichson, Preben Elling, Per Christoffersen, V. Faber, K. Iversen, E. Juhl, P. Petersen, H. Poulsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract In a prospective study for occurrence and persistence of Australia antigen, 253 consecutively admitted patients with biopsy-verified acute viral hepatitis were examined. Australia antigen was detected in serum specimens from 112 of the patients (44 per cent). In 88 of these 112, the antigen was transitorily detectable for one to 13 weeks (average, 4 1/2 weeks). Australia antigen persisted for more than 13 weeks in 11 of the 253 patients (4.3 per cent), in all of whom clinical and biochemical signs of chronic hepatitis developed. In 10 of these patients the chronic hepatitis was verified by repeated liver biopsies. Chronic aggressive hepatitis developed in eight patients, and chronic persistent hepatitis in two. Thus, 4 to 5 per cent of the patients with acute viral hepatitis admitted to Copenhagen hospitals have persistence of Australia antigen for several months; in this group, chronic hepatitis is apt to develop.