tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydrocortisone With or Without Mitoxantrone in Men With Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9182 Study
Authors: Philip W. Kantoff, Susan Halabi, Mark Conaway, Joel Picus, Jeffrey Kirshner, Vera Hars, Donald Trump, Eric P. Winer, Nicholas J. Vogelzang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Approximately 40,000 men die each year of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The results of treatment with chemotherapy have been disappointing to date, with no trials demonstrating a benefit with respect to survival duration. Corticosteroids and mitoxantrone each have been shown to be active agents in this disease. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an advantage of mitoxantrone and hydrocortisone (M+H) over hydrocortisone alone with respect to survival duration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-two patients with HRPC were randomized to receive either M+H or hydrocortisone alone. Patients were monitored for survival, time to disease progression, time to treatment failure, response, and quality-of-life (QOL) parameters. RESULTS: Treatment in both arms was well tolerated. Although there was a delay in time to treatment failure and disease progression in favor of M+H over hydrocortisone alone, there was no difference in overall survival (12.3 months for M+H v 12.6 months for hydrocortisone alone). There was an indication that QOL was better with M+H, in particular with respect to pain control. CONCLUSION: M+H generated more frequent responses and a delay in both time to treatment failure and disease progression compared with hydrocortisone alone. In addition, there was a possible benefit of M+H with respect to pain control over hydrocortisone alone. No improvement in survival was observed. Although M+H could be viewed as a palliative option for patients with HRPC, new drugs and novel strategies are needed to improve survival for this disease.
The combined effects of histamine and methacholine on the maximal degree of airway narrowing in normal humans in vivo
Authors: PJ Sterk, MC Timmers, EH Bel, JH Dijkman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

In normal subjects in vivo the dose-response curve to inhaled nonsensitizing stimuli reaches a plateau at mild degrees of airway narrowing. We investigated whether the limitation of the response is due to non-optimal smooth muscle activation, by administering high doses of histamine and methacholine together. In fifteen normal subjects a complete dose-response curve to methacholine was recorded by a tidal breathing method on three randomized days. On a separate day a complete histamine inhalation test was carried out. Each methacholine test was directly followed by double blind inhalation of the highest dose of either histamine or methacholine, or a dose of saline. The response was measured by flows from partial flow-volume curves (V 40p), and was expressed in % fall from baseline. Twelve subjects reached a maximal response plateau to methacholine which was reproducible. The addition of saline or extra methacholine did not change the response from its methacholine plateau value. Histamine caused a small increase in the response on top of the methacholine plateau (+ 9.0% fall; p less than 0.001). However, the response to the combined histamine and methacholine was not significantly larger than the maximal response to histamine alone. We conclude that there is no interaction between histamine and methacholine on the maximal degree of airway narrowing. This suggests that the plateau of the dose-response curve in normal subjects in vivo is due to other factors than limited smooth muscle activation.
Smoking cessation in the last decade in an Italian prospective study
Authors: Giuseppe Verlato, Giang Nguyen, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Lucia Cazzoletti, Francesca Locatelli, Marcello Ferrari, Alessandro Fois, Pietro Pirina, Roberto de Marco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Smoking trends in Italy have been addressed mainly by repeated cross-sectional surveys or retrospective studies.  Objective: To prospectively assess cumulative incidence and determinants of smoking cessation among Italian smokers during the last decade.  Methods: 1390 current smokers aged 20-46 years were identified in 1998-2000 in two centres participating in ISAYA (Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults): Verona in Northern Italy and Sassari in Sardinia. These subjects were contacted again in 2008-2009 and 684 answered a screening questionnaire; of note response percentage (49.2%) in current smokers was significantly lower than that recorded among never and past smokers (57.0% and 53.9% respectively). After eliminating 56 subjects with missing or contradictory response on smoking habits, 628 subjects were left for the analysis.  Results. After a follow-up period of 9.5±0.6 years (mean±SD) 219 subjects (34.9%) had stopped smoking. This proportion was similar in both sexes (35.7% in men, 33.9% in women) and was not significantly affected by either birth cohort or occupation. Quit ratio was higher in Verona (37.4%) than in Sassari (30.4%) (p=0.082) and in people smoking 11-40 cigarettes/day at baseline (39.8%) than in people smoking 1-10 cigarettes/day (29.4%) (p=0.007). Asthma at baseline was associated with an increase in quit ratio (54.2% vs 34.1%; p=0.050), while nasal allergies and chronic bronchitis were not. Only smoking intensity was a significant predictor of smoking cessation in a multivariable logistic regression model.  Conclusion. About one third of current smokers quitted smoking over a ten-year period. The main predictor of smoking cessation was smoking intensity.
Does CPAP treatment lead to gastroesophageal reflux in moderate and severe OSA cases
Authors: Hatice Kutbay Özçelik, Ahmet Danalioglu, Mehmet Bayram, Muhammed Emin Akkoyunlu, Fatih Yakar, Fatmanur Karaköse, Murat Sezer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: To evaluate the CPAP treatments effect on formation of gastroesophageal reflux(GER) in the moderate and severe OSA cases. Methods: Thirty nine patients diagnosed OSA (moderate and severe) in our sleep laboratory and no history of GER prospectively enrolled to study. Twenty six of them were given esophageal manometer and pH meter for 24 hours, and 13 patients were excluded since intolerance for manometer. We repated esophageal manometer and pHmeter after one-month CPAP treatment to remained 13 patients. Results:Five of the patients were female and 21 were male. Median age was 48.4. Median Epworth score was 11, body mass index was 32, RDI was 40. Esophageal manometer before CPAP treatment showed that median lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 20, lower esofageal sphincter relaxation was 67%, and after a 24-hour pHmeter DeMeester score was 18. Pre-treatment sphincter relaxation insufficiency and age were correlated. After CPAP treatment avarage sphincter pressure was 21, sphincter relaxation was 51,and DeMeester score was measured 10,4. Before and after the CPAP treatment, no significant difference was observed among DeMeester score, sphincter pressure , and sphincter relaxation rates. However when evaluated individually, 7 patients show rising with their DeMeester score. Conclusion: Eventhough our study supports that the CPAP treatment may cause GER, there is necessity to do more research with more patients.
Prevalence of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Keratoconus Patients
Authors: K W Sharif, T A Casey, J Coltart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

Fifty patients with advanced degrees of keratoconus, requiring corneal transplantation, were sreened for mitral valve prolapse by two dimensional echocardiography. The overall prevalence of 58% was found to be statistically higher than the prevalence of 7% found in a group of age and sex-matched controls. It was also found to be higher than the previously reported prevalence of 38% in a group of keratoconus patients with similar age and sex match to our series. The findings of our study in conjunction with the histopathological and biochemical similarities between the two conditions strongly suggest that they may be different manifestations of similar defects in collagen metabolism.
Clinical application of whole-genome sequencing in patients with primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Talal Mousallem, Thomas J. Urban, K. Melodi McSweeney, Sarah E. Kleinstein, Mingfu Zhu, Mehdi Adeli, Roberta E. Parrott, Joseph L. Roberts, Brian Krueger, Rebecca H. Buckley, David B. Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
LSC 2013 abstract - Th17 response to inhaled dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is related to late-phase airway and systemic inflammation in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: Ieva Bajoriuniene, Simona Lavinskiene, Edita Gasiuniene, Kestutis Malakauskas, Raimundas Sakalauskas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Th17 response may have played a role in the development of the late-phase allergen-induced inflammation in allergic asthma.   Aim:  We investigated Th17 response to inhaledD. pteronyssinus(DP) to establish the importance of these cells in late-phase airway and systemic inflammation in patients with allergic asthma (AA).   Methods:  A total of 36 subjects were examined: 15 patients with AA who developed early (EAR, n=7) and dual asthmatic reaction (DAR, n=8) after bronchial challenge with DP,13 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 8 healthy subjects (HS). Peripheral blood (PB) and sputum collection were performed 24 h before as well as 7 h and 24 h after challenge. PB Th17 cells was analyzed by FACS and IL-17 levels were determined by ELISA.   Results:   Fig.1  Fig.2   Conclusions:  The percentage of PB Th17 cells, serum and sputum IL-17 levels were found to be highest in AA patients with DAR. Enhanced Th17 cell response to inhaled DP shows an important role of these cells in the development of late-phase allergen-induced airway and systemic inflammation in patients with AA.
A survey of pulse oximeter use by general practitioners in East Berkshire, UK
Authors: Sarah Menzies, John Wiggins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: The importance of measuring oxygen saturation in primary care is highlighted in many national guidelines, such as asthma ( Thorax 2008; 63(Suppl 4): iv1-121), community-acquired pneumonia ( Thorax 2009; 64(Suppl 3): iii1-55), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and guidance on the use of emergency oxygen. Pulse oximeters are cheap, portable, and easy to use, but it is unclear whether they are widely utilized in the community setting.

Methods: Questionnaires were sent to all 54 general practitioner (GP) surgeries in the region - requesting information about their pulse oximeter use and opinions of their clinical value. A response from all practices was achieved by making telephone contact in the event the questionnaire was not returned.

Results: Twenty-one (39%) of the 54 surgeries did not own a pulse oximeter. Of these, 6/21 (29%) said they would not find one useful, and had no future intention of purchasing one. Ten of these 21 surgeries (48%) were keen to obtain one, but the main barriers to this were cost and the time required to research the market. The inner-city surgeries were less likely to have one – 8/17 (47%) inner-city surgeries vs. 25/37 (68%) outside the city. Of the 33 surgeries that did have an oximeter, 89% found them clinically very helpful, and the majority had just one machine (24/33 – 73%).

Conclusions: Over a third of GP surgeries do not own a pulse oximeter – despite clear indications for their use in the assessment of patients with respiratory illness. Highlighting these indications to GPs, in addition to outlining their relative low cost and ease of use may increase the popularity of this monitor of the “fifth vital sign” in primary care.
Abstract 4178: Complications of Femoral Angio-Seal-Closure Device After Coronary Angiography-Acute and Long-term Results
Authors: Malte Schroder, Juergen Waigand, Martin Mockel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Objective: The Angio-Seal haemostatic puncture closure device is commonly used to minimize vascular complications at the puncture site after coronary angiography. The objective of this study was to...
IOS in school-aged children born preterm: Is small for gestational age a risk factor for small airway dysfunction?
Authors: Valentina Fainardi, Eleonora Sapienza, Elisabetta Teopompi, Giovanna Pisi, Cinzia Magnani, Alfredo Chetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background .Preterm babies born Small for Gestational Age (SGA) may have a higher risk of developing respiratory deficiencies.

Objective .To investigate lung function by Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) in school-aged children born preterm with a very low birth weight (≤1500 g) and considering birth weight (BW) as Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) or SGA.

Methods. 29 school-aged children (10 M, mean age 7.9±0.7 yrs) born preterm with VLBW performed pre and post bronchodilator (200 μg salbutamol) IOS to assess respiratory resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5 and R20). Physical examination and respiratory health questionnaires were completed.

Results. No differences were reported in mechanical ventilation and surfactant or oxygen administration between the 2 groups. Physical examination was unremarkable in all subjects, but one who had wheezing. History of wheezing was reported in 6 children regardless of BW. Children born SGA (n 10, 5 M; gestational age, GA 30.9±1.35 wk; BW 1163±254 g; SDS score -1.91±0.51) showed increased R5 (1.00±0.22 vs 0.81±0.19 kPa/(L/s); p 0.022), but not R20 (0.62±0.16 vs 0.57±0.13 kPa/(L/s); p 0.405), and greater R5-R20 values (0.38±0.15 vs 0.24±0.11; p 0.006) than children born AGA (n 19, 5 M, GA 28.5±2.4 wk; BW 1191±263 g; SDS score -0,30±0,81). All children showed a significant bronchodilator response for R5 and R5-R20 with a decrease respectively of 14% and 23% (p <0.01 for all comparisons).

Conclusions. Compared to preterm children born AGA, children born SGA show higher resistance at 5 Hz with greater R5-R20, suggesting small airways impairment. A birth weight SGA may be a further risk of developing respiratory abnormalities in preterm children.
PrEP Reduces Incidence of HIV in Clinical Settings
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Mind/Body Tactics Target Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms and Fears
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Azole plasma concentrations in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Daniela Stelzer, Franziska Ihle, Alexandra Weber, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Meis Tobias, Rene Schramm, Hauke Winter, Lorenz Frey, Michael Vogeser, Juergen Behr, Claus Neurohr
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: 

The absorption of azoles is subject to a high inter- and intra-individual variability. However, therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] is not routinely performed. The purpose of this observation was to analyse azole plasma levels [APL] in lung transplant recipients [LTR].

Methods: 

116 LTR of our lung transplantation [LTx] follow-up program who underwent TDM (65 male, 84 double-LTx, 3.1±3.5 years after LTx, age 49.7±14.9 years, underlying disease [ULD]: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF; n=34; 29%], cystic fibrosis [CF; n=29; 25%], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD; n=28; 24%], other [n=25; 22%]) were evaluated. The target plasma levels [TPL] of azoles were defined as follows: Itraconazole [ITR] and Voriconazole [VOR] >1000µg/L, Posaconazole [POS] >700µg/L. APL were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography.

Results: 

The mean APL for ITR, VOR, and POS were 715.4±866.1µg/L, 1649.2±1300.5µg/L and 903.4±780.9µg/L, respectively. Most frequent use was noted for ITR (n=55; 47%). The following results are classified by azole and ULD:

View this table:



Conclusion: 

Our data suggest that TDM is important to identify patients at risk for sub-therapeutic APL. Therefore, measuring plasma concentrations should be considered as part of the best practice management following LTx.
Effects of systolic heart failure on cerebral oxygen delivery-to-utilization matching in COPD
Authors: Mayron Oliveira, Maria Clara Alencar, Adriana Mazzuco, Priscila Sperandio, Aline Souza, Gabriela Siqueira, Audrey Borghi-Silva, Denis O'Donnell, J. Alberto Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Maintenance of blood oxygenation is paramount to preserve cerebral O 2  delivery during exercise. In fact, we previously found substantial impairments in cerebral oxygenation and exercise tolerance in COPD patients showing oxy-hemoglobin desaturation (Oliveira MF et al.  Clin  Physiol Funct Imaging  2012; 32:52).It remains unclear, however, whether this would also be the case when O 2  delivery is likely to be impaired by convective mechanisms (cerebral blood flow), e.g., in COPD  plus  heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sixteen patients with COPD+HFrEF, 16 with COPD and 15 with HFrEF underwent a progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Changes (Δ) in cardiac output (Q T ) by trans-thoracic cardioimpedance and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. Pre-frontal oxygenation (HbO 2 ) and a blood flow index (BFI) were obtained by near infrared spectroscopy. COPD+HFrEF patients had blunted Δ Q T  and Δ MAP responses compared to their counterparts. Δ BFI and Δ HbO 2  increased to a similar extent in COPD and controls; in contrast, they failed to increase in both groups with HFrEF – particularly in COPD+HFrEF (median interquartile range)Δ BFI/Δ oxygen uptake= 0.9 (15.7)  vs.  -10.3 (14.3) mMol.s -1 .L.min -1 f for COPD and COPD+HFrEF, respectively; pl0.05). Impairments in ΔHbO 2  in COPD+HFrEF were related to ΔBFI (r= 0.81; pl0.01) but not to arterialized O 2  content. In conclusion, HFrEF impairs cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during exercise in patients with COPD. The clinical relevance of these abnormalities (e.g., exercise limitation, cognition, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory sensation) remains to be elucidated in this patient population.
Rates of ophthalmic complications due to ethambutol in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: Andrew Malem, Helen Barker, Nadia Shafi, Dennis Wat, Charles Haworth, R. Andres Floto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Infection with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is a growing clinical problem particularly in patients with inflammatory lung disease. For many NTM infections, treatment involves at least 12 months of combination antibiotic therapy including Ethambutol. While ophthalmic complications are extremely rare in patients taking ethambutol as part of standard quadruple therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, they may be higher during treatment for extended periods. We therefore carried out a retrospective analysis of patients treated with ethambutol for NTM infection at the Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection between 2006 and 2011. We identified 46 patients with confirmed NTM infection who received ethambutol. 4 individuals were excluded from further analysis because of incomplete/missing notes.  We identified 5 out of 43 patients (11.9%) with documented changes in visual acuity and colour vision diagnosed by an ophthalmologist as probable ethambutol toxicity. There was no significant difference between those with ophthalmic complications and those without in the following parameters: age; dose of ethambutol per kilogram, serum creatinine levels and treatment duration. Where measured, low serum zinc levels were found in individuals who developed ophthalmic complications but these were not significantly lower than those of unaffected patients.  Our data suggests that ethambutol toxicity is a relative common problem in patients with NTM infection requiring extended treatment with ethambutol despite appropriate dosing and regular ophthalmology review. Further studies will be needed to define how best to minimize this potentially devastating complication.
Port Catheter Versus Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in Post-Operative Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: L. Lefebvre, E. Noyon, D. Georgescu, C. Alexandru, M. Leheurteur, J. Thery, L. Savary, C. Veyret, F. Clatot
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Impaired RASGRF1/ERK–mediated GM-CSF response characterizes CARD9 deficiency in French-Canadians
Authors: Christina Gavino, Nancy Hamel, Ji Bin Zeng, Catherine Legault, Marie-Christine Guiot, Jeffrey Chankowsky, Duncan Lejtenyi, Martine Lemire, Isabelle Alarie, Simon Dufresne, Jean-Nicolas Boursiquot, Fiona McIntosh, Mélanie Langelier, Marcel A. Behr, Donald C. Sheppard, William D. Foulkes, Donald C. Vinh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)