tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUPERIORITY OF VAGINAL ROUTE OVER ABDOMINAL INCISION IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PELVIC DISEASE IN WOMEN.
Authors: J. RIDDLE GOFFE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In the somewhat heated discussions that have been held from time to time on the abdominal versus the vaginal incision, there have not been wanting most ardent advocates of the abdominal route. I think I am safe in saying, however, that among the latter there cannot be found one who denies that if equally thorough, complete, and satisfactory work can be done<i>per vaginam</i>, it is the preferable route of attack. The reasons for this are obvious: Throwing out of account entirely the old apprehension and fear of sepsis, which formerly attended a laparotomy, it is a serious thing for a woman to submit to an incision through her abdominal walls. To enumerate in detail the objections: The incision necessitates the placing of stitches which sooner or later must be removed and the fear of this ordeal fills the patient with dread. 2. The wound must be supported by adhesive
Effect of long-term treatment with beta-blocking drugs on plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
Authors: B O Kristensen
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Compared to results during standard treatment: *p <0.05; **p <0.02.She was treated with a 21-day course of diethylcarbamazine citrate (3 mg/kg).After this her ocular and joint symptoms settled rapidly and oral steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were tailed off.
Learner centred approaches in medical education
Authors: J A Spencer, R K Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Medical education is a lifelong process embracing premedical experience, undergraduate education, general clinical training, specialist or vocational training, subspecialty training, and continuing medical education. Although medical education was once seen as the province of medical schools and teaching hospitals, large and increasing numbers of practitioners now provide teaching and promotion of learning outside the traditional environment.

Over the past decade both the university sector and the NHS have seen considerable change and increased accountability for their activities, and all the signs suggest that the next 10 years will be no different. Simultaneously, medical schools are having to acknowledge the implementation of new curricula, the consequences of new health service priorities, an increase in the number of medical students, and the implications of the report from the National Committee of Enquiry into Higher Education, chaired by Sir Ron Dearing.1

The most recent recommendations of the General Medical Council's education committee were intended to promote an approach to undergraduate medical education and to give a perspective on its aims, which differ substantially from those of traditional curricula.2 Although the 13 principal recommendations are now well known, at the core is the promotion of the merits of learner centred and problem oriented approaches to learning, which aim to produce doctors better equipped with the adult learning skills necessary for them to adapt to, and meet, the changing needs of the community they serve.

The pedagogic shift from the traditional teacher centred approach, in which the emphasis is on teachers and what they teach, to a student centred approach, in which the emphasis is on students and what they learn, requires a fundamental change in the role of the educator from that of a didactic teacher to that of a facilitator of learning.3

Our aim was to explore some of the …
Comparison of the Grading of Esophageal Varices by Transnasal Endoluminal Ultrasound and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Leonard Kane, Michel Kahaleh, Vanessa M. Shami, Steven H. Caldwell, Carl L. Berg, Khalouck M. Abdrabbo, C.M. Yoshida, Kristin O. Arseneau, Paul Yeaton
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Angiotensin II induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats
Authors: J. Benze, H.-Y. Yang, V. J Griffith, C. Rosendorff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to determine the changes in the phosphorylation of myosin light chain induced by angiotensin II in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Extracts of vascular smooth muscle cells incubated with [32P]orthophosphoric acid were subjected to 4M urea-SDS electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography and laser densitometry.Confluent primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from aorta, superior mesenteric arteries and cerebral arteries were used.The basal myosin light chain phosphorylation of SHR did not differ significantly from that of WKY. Stimulation with 1 nM angiotensin II increased incorporation of 32P into the myosin light chain, which peaked at 4 min and then slowly declined until 15 min. Exposure to angiotensin II (0.001-10 nM) for 4 min evoked a dose dependent increase in the phosphorylation of myosin light chain with a maximal response 40-45% above basal values. No significant differences in the response to angiotensin II were detected between cells derived from the two strains. Saralasin, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, did not affect the basal phosphorylation of myosin light chain but completely abolished the effect of angiotensin II.Angiotensin II enhances the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain from vascular smooth muscle cells in aorta, mesenteric arteries, and cerebral arteries, but there are no differences in response between SHR and WKY.
Patients' views on access will affect GPs' pay
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

GPs' surgeries could lose an average of £8000 (€12 000; $16 000) in incentive payments next year if a survey of their patients finds that patients are not satisfied with the opening hours being offered or that they cannot see a doctor within two days of requesting an appointment. 

The survey of GPs' patients—entitled Your Doctors, Your Experience, Your Say —is part of the biggest ever survey of NHS services. Posters advertising the survey are to be put up in surgeries in the next few weeks. 

Five million patients selected at random will be asked to complete a postal questionnaire in January next year about how easy it is for them to see their GP. The results of the survey will be available by late May 2007. Practices that meet standards set out in the Improved Access Scheme, …
HIGH FREQUENCY OF LACTOSE ABSORBERS AMONG ADULTS WITH IDIOPATHIC SENILE AND PRESENILE CATARACT IN A POPULATION WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF PRIMARY ADULT LACTOSE MALABSORPTION
Authors: E Rinaldi, C Costagliola, L Albini, G De Rosa, G Auricchio, B De Vizia, S Auricchio
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Adult Toxoplasmosis Presenting as Polymyositis and Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: JOHN E. GREENLEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient with toxoplasmosis had cerebellar, spinal cord, nerve root, and skeletal muscle symptoms. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from skeletal muscle, and toxoplasma antibody titers were persistently elevated. The disease has been recurrent during a 3-year period with only temporary response to specific antimicrobial therapy.
α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Stimulation of Sarcolemmal Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Activity in Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Masahiro Yasutake, Metin Avkiran
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —α 1 -Adrenoceptor (α 1 -AR) stimulation increases sarcolemmal Na + -H + exchanger (NHE) activity. The present study was designed to determine the role(s) of α 1 -AR subtype(s) in mediating this response. As an index of NHE activity, acid efflux rates ( J H s) were determined in single rat ventricular myocytes loaded with the pH-sensitive fluoroprobe carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1 after 2 consecutive intracellular acid pulses in bicarbonate-free medium. J H at pH i 6.90 did not change significantly during the second pulse relative to the first in control cells but increased in a dose-dependent manner when the second pulse occurred in the presence of phenylephrine (nonselective α 1 -AR agonist) or A61603 (α 1A -AR–selective agonist), with EC 50 values of 1.24 μmol/L and 3.6 nmol/L, respectively (both agonists given together with 1 μmol/L atenolol). Stimulation of NHE activity by 10 μmol/L phenylephrine was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the competitive antagonists prazosin, WB4101, and 5-methylurapidil, with IC 50 values of 12, 32, and 149 nmol/L, respectively. Analyses of the relative EC 50 and IC 50 values obtained (and K i values estimated from the antagonist IC 50 s) in relation to the relative potencies of these agents at native rat α 1 -AR subtypes and their relative affinities for recombinant rat α 1 -ARs suggest that α 1 -adrenergic stimulation of sarcolemmal NHE activity is likely to be mediated selectively by the α 1A -AR.
UK sperm banks fail to meet WHO standards
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Only two of 37 UK andrology laboratories that were surveyed comply with all the World Health Organization's recommendations for sperm testing, reports a new study. The recommendations were introduced six years ago.

“These results illustrate an urgent need for education and training initiatives to encourage laboratories to become compliant with current WHO guidelines for sperm morphology assessment,” says the report, which was published online ahead of print publication on 29 July in Human Reproduction (doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei230).

It says, “The lack of compliance with WHO methodology described in this report is …
Sphingosine 1-phosphate preserves fertility in irradiated female mice without propagating genomic damage in offspring
Authors: François Paris, Gloria I. Perez, Zvi Fuks, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman, Hai Nguyen, Mousumi Bose, Arlene Ilagan, Patricia A. Hunt, William F. Morgan, Jonathan L. Tilly, Richard Kolesnick
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Reduced rate of DNA replication fork movement in megaloblastic anemia.
Authors: R G Wickremasinghe, A V Hoffbrand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Chromatography on benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose has been used to fractionate fully double-stranded from partially single-stranded DNA molecules. DNA was extracted from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with megaloblastic anemia resulting from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency after pulse-labeling the cells with [3H]thymidine for 5 min and chasing in unlabeled medium for 24 h. No gross accumulation of partially single-stranded material was observed in the DNA of these cells when compared with DNA from similarly labeled control cells obtained by the addition of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid to the culture medium. When DNA from lymphocytes labeled with a 5-min pulse of [3H]thymidine and sheared to fragments of an average length of 18 micrometer was chromatographed on benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose, approximately 80% of the label was recovered in the partially single-stranded fraction. After chasing in unlabeled medium the label was progressively transferred to the double-stranded fraction over a period of 2--3 h. The rate of transfer was slower in megaloblastic lymphocytes than in controls. The difference in rate suggested a slower rate of replication fork movement in megaloblastic lymphocytes and so the density shift technique of Painter and schaeffer (J. Mol. Biol. 45: 467--479, 1969) was used to measure the fork rate directly. [3H]Deoxycytidine was used as the labeled nucleoside to avoid possible complications arising from [3H]thymidine labeling of megaloblastic cells. Investigations on the lymphocytes from four patients showed that the replication fork rate in vitamin-treated control lyphocytes was about 1 micrometer/min. The fork rates in the corresponding untreated cells were invariably lower and rates ranging from 40 to 92% of those of controls were observed. Normal lymphocytes treated with the deoxynucleotide pool-depleting drugs methotrexate or hydroxyurea displayed defects in DNA synthesis similar to those of untreated megaloblastic lymphocytes. We propose that the delayed DNA replication fork movement in cells of patients with megaloblastic anemia results from impaired biosynthesis of DNA precursors.
Isotretinoin Plus Clindamycin Seem Highly Effective Against Severe Erlotinib-Induced Skin Rash in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Paolo Bidoli, Diego L. Cortinovis, Ilaria Colombo, Alessandra Crippa, Federica Cicchiello, Federica Villa, Marina E. Cazzaniga, Gianfranco Altomare
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Controlled release formulations of IL-2, TGF-β1 and rapamycin for the induction of regulatory T cells
Authors: Siddharth Jhunjhunwala, Stephen C. Balmert, Giorgio Raimondi, Eefje Dons, Erin E. Nichols, Angus W. Thomson, Steven R. Little
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Patient Care and Science
Authors: Henry A. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is no momentary whim which dictates this letter, but, rather, stimulation of ideas long pondered. Recent exposure to the program of Home Care, as organized by Montefiore Hospital in New York City, has focused my attention on certain aspects of medical education and practice which are, I believe, of great importance. There are two things about this wonderful program which are surprising. The first is that, despite its obvious advantages in the promotion of the well-being of the patient, it is in such little vogue in medical care today. More surprising is the fact that the program is indeed, a surprise to me; one would think that a [ill]lan of such merit would have been brought to the attention of medical students earlier in their career. These two surprising features point up what must be considered important phenomena of medical care and philosophy. There is the
The innate immune system in cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Robert Bals, Daniel J. Weiner, James M. Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

303 The story of cystic fibrosis (CF) research over the last decade has provided important lessons about the power and limitations of positional cloning of disease genes, the understanding of pathogenesis, and the development of new therapies. Studies in the 1980s identified defects in the chloride conductance properties of epithelial cells from CF patients (1). A turning point occurred in 1989 with the triumphant discovery of the gene responsible for CF by Collins, Riordan, Tsui and colleagues (2, 3). Analysis of the predicted translational product of the gene revealed a transmembrane protein that did not resemble a classic channel. The protein was called the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) because of the previously described link between abnormalities in NaCl transport and the genetic defect. Isolation of the gene stimulated a bewildering array of studies aimed at defining the genetic basis of the disease and the biochemical and biophysical properties of the protein. Gene therapy experiments were initiated in patients by three independent groups within four years of the gene isolation (4). Despite tremendous progress by the field in these areas, an important consideration remains: What is the relationship between the genetic defect and the clinical manifestations of the disease that leads to chronic respiratory infection and respiratory compromise? Quinton (1) was the first to suggest that the genetic defect in CF causes abnormalities in the fluid lining the airway surface. An important function of this mucosal interface is to keep bacteria that are routinely inhaled from causing infection. The chronic respiratory infection associated with CF suggests this host defense is compromised. Critical validation of this hypothesis was provided by Smith et al. (5), who demonstrated that fluid recovered from cultured epithelial cells from normal individuals kills bacteria, while fluid from similar cultures of CF cells does not, providing the first direct link between a defect in CFTR and a breach in pulmonary host defense. This Perspective describes the emerging field of pulmonary host defense in the context of CF pathogenesis.
The Conflict of Buridan's Ass or Some Dilemmas of Affluence: The Theory of Attractive Stimulus Overload
Authors: Z. J. LIPOWSKI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author outlines a motivational theory of human behavior that takes into account the effects on the individual of certain ubiquitous features of affluent societies, which provide an overabundance of attractive stimuli and alternatives related to material and symbolic values. Such an overabundance leads to intrapsychic conflict between incompatible approach tendencies, exemplified by the parable of Buridan's ass. Conflicts of this type have widespread effects on human behavior and on mental health. A need for revision of current psychodynamic theory of intrapsychic conflict is pointed out, and the practical implications of the proposed theory for psychiatric intervention are emphasized.
Abstract 205: Imatinib sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to cisplatin by targeting CD117-positive growth-competent cells
Authors: Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Satoru Kyo, Xiuzhi Zhang, Masahiro Takakura, Yasunari Mizumoto, Yukiko Bono, Toshiyuki Sasagawa, Hiroshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The use of molecular target therapy has not been established for endometrial cancer. The present study investigated the potential therapeutic strategy of targeting CD117-positive cancer cells as a novel molecular target therapy. FACS-sorted CD117+ cells isolated from endometrial cancer cell lines (Ishikawa or MFE280 cells) exhibited higher proliferative capacity in vitro and colony forming activity on soft agar, and decreased sensitivity to cisplatin, compared to CD117- cells. Immunohistochemical analyses with surgical specimens of endometrial cancers showed that high CD117 expression was tightly linked to advanced FIGO stages, myometrial invasion and histological grade, and was significantly associated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis; p&amp;lt;0.001, log-rank test). The Cox-regression hazard model identified high CD117 expression to be an independent prognostic factor for survival (p&amp;lt;0.05). In vitro assay confirmed that stem cell factor (SCF), a ligand of CD117, was produced specifically in CD117+ cells of endometrial cancer, and the colony-forming activity were abrogated by adding anti-SCF antibody, indicating an SCF-dependent growth property. Imatinib was confirmed to selectively target CD117+ cells in vitro, and synergistically enhanced the anti-tumor effect of low dose cisplatin in vivo, which showed only modest effects when used as a single use. These findings suggest that CD117 can be a marker of aggressive behavior of cells as well as an independent prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. Targeting of the SCF/CD117 axis by imatinib sensitized endometrial cancer cells to cisplatin, proposing a novel therapeutic strategy for this tumor type. Citation Format: Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Satoru Kyo, Xiuzhi Zhang, Masahiro Takakura, Yasunari Mizumoto, Yukiko Bono, Toshiyuki Sasagawa, Hiroshi Fujiwara. Imatinib sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to cisplatin by targeting CD117-positive growth-competent cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 205. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-205
Specialized Care and Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients in The Netherlands: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: F. Vernooij, A. P. M. Heintz, P. O. Witteveen, M. van der Heiden-van der Loo, J.-W. Coebergh, Y. van der Graaf
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

There is much debate on the necessity of regionalization of ovarian cancer care. We investigated the association between hospital type and survival of patients with ovarian cancer in The Netherlands. A retrospective, population-based cohort study was performed on all Dutch patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2003. We used data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry that were linked to mortality data from the Statistics Netherlands database to obtain the date and cause of death. Five-year relative survival ratios, defined as the ratio of the observed survival in the patient population to the expected survival of women in the general population with the same age, were determined for the total population and for groups stratified by tumor stage and/or hospital type. The association between hospital type and disease-specific survival was analyzed by use of multivariable Cox regression analyses. We analyzed data from 8621 women with epithelial ovarian cancer, of whom 3482 (40%) were treated in general hospitals, 3510 (41%) were treated in semispecialized hospitals, and 1557 (18%) were treated in specialized hospitals. Five-year relative overall survival ratios of patients treated in general, semispecialized, and specialized hospitals were 38.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.0% to 39.9%), 39.4% (95% CI = 37.5% to 41.4%), and 40.3% (95% CI = 37.4% to 43.1%), respectively; median survival of patients aged 50–75 years was 36 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 13 to >54 months), 37 months (IQR = 14 to >54 months), and 38 months (IQR = 15 to >55 months), respectively. Age and cancer stage were associated with the relationship between hospital type and ovarian cancer–specific survival but histologic tumor type, grade, year of diagnosis, and socioeconomic status were not. Among patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, treatment in semispecialized and specialized hospitals was associated with lower risks of ovarian cancer–specific mortality than treatment in general hospitals. Among patients with stage I–IIA disease who were aged 50–75 years, risk of ovarian cancer–specific mortality was 30% and 42% lower after treatment in semispecialized and specialized hospitals, respectively, than in general hospitals (for semispecialized hospitals, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.93; for specialized hospitals, HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.87). Among patients with advanced ovarian cancer, hospital type was not associated with survival. Hospital type was statistically significantly associated with survival among Dutch ovarian cancer patients with early-stage ovarian cancer: Patients who were treated in specialized and semispecialized hospitals survived longer than patients treated in general hospitals.