tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRAIN ABSCESS OF AURAL ORIGIN
Authors: C. Yorke
Journal: BMJ (1925)

ALTHOUGH braini abscess is by no means a rare complication of suppurative otitis media it is sufficienltly uncommilon to make the report of such cases a matter of interest.The following are brief summaries of six cases that have been under miiy care durinig the past year.Thlee have recovered completely, one died of a recur-rence three montlhs after operatiol, alnd two died without the abscess being found at gperation.CASE I.
Methotrexate-induced lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis occurs with peripheral blood lymphocyte count decrease
Authors: S Inokuma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT:</h3> Stream channel incision often triggers formation of tributary gullies. These gullies erode and extend into fields, generating sediments that pollute downstream waters and degrade aquatic habitats. Standard practice for gully treatment involves damming using an earthen embankment with drainage provided by an L-shaped metal pipe. To date, thousands of these structures, also known as drop pipes, have been constructed in riparian zones adjacent to agricultural areas, but environmental criteria have played no role in design. Sixteen drop pipe sites (defined as the region of temporary or permanent impoundment created by the structure) in northwestern Mississippi were sampled for fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals; and physical habitat characteristics were assessed by sampling vegetation and surveying site topography. Speciose sites (those yielding 65 to 82 vertebrate species) were relatively large [⩾ 0.09 ha (.22 ac)], with a significant pool area. Depauperate sites (only 11 to 20 species captured) were smaller, with no pool area and little woody vegetation. Considerable environmental benefits could be realized by slightly modified design and management of drop pipe structures. Results of this study suggest habitat benefits are minimal for sites smaller than 0.1 ha (0.2 ac), for sites lacking woody vegetation, and for sites that do not have at least 20% of their area below the inlet weir elevation.
Antigen Is Required for the Activation of Effector Activities, whereas Interleukin 2 Is Required for the Maintenance of Memory in Ovalbumin-specific, CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Yong Ke, Hakling Ma, Judith A. Kapp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The mechanisms that maintain memory in T cells are not completely understood. We have investigated the role of antigen and interleukin (IL)-2 in the growth and maintenance of CD8+ T cells using a cytolytic T cell line specific for ovalbumin (OVA)257-264 presented by H-2Kb. This line does not secrete IL-4 or IL-2; hence, stimulation with the OVA-transfected EL4 line (E.G7-OVA) does not induce proliferation without addition of exogenous growth factors. Furthermore, this line can be maintained continuously by weekly addition of irradiated, splenic filler cells and IL-2, with or without E.G7-OVA. Although IL-2 induced proliferation of these cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), production of interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α required stimulation of the CTL with E.G7-OVA. The kinetics of lymphokine secretion after stimulation by E.G7-OVA were the same whether the CTL had been maintained with or without antigen (Ag). In addition, both CTL lines killed E.G7-OVA target cells within 4 h. Thus, the effector functions of these CTLs were rapidly induced by T cell receptor (TCR) occupancy. CTLs cultured with or without Ag also served as memory T cells when parked for 100 d in unirradiated, syngeneic recipients without OVA. In the absence of OVA, the precursor frequency was identical in spleens of normal and β2-microglobulin knockout recipients, but significantly less in IL-2 knockout mice. The decline of memory in the absence of IL-2 supports data from other investigators, suggesting that cell cycling is important to the maintenance of CD8+ T cell memory. These data also suggest that stimulation of OVA-specific CTLs by lymphokines seems to be more important to maintaining memory than stimulation of TCRs by cross-reactive peptides complexed to class I molecules.
Deaths at UK immigration detention centres prompt concerns about inadequate healthcare
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Three deaths of asylum seekers in the care of UK immigration detention centres in the past month have triggered police investigations and concern about the state of healthcare provision for detainees.

Two men died from suspected “heart attacks” at Colnbrook immigration centre near Heathrow airport, and another man committed suicide at Campsfield House detention centre in Oxfordshire last week.

Muhammad Shukat, a 47 year old Pakistani detainee, collapsed in his locked cell at 6 am on 2 July despite repeated calls for help from his cell mate.

“It sounds like he [Shukat] had classic symptoms of a heart attack and this poor 19 year old boy was banging on the door trying …
Abstract 3145: Non-coding promoter-associated RNAs (PARs) orchestrate the epigenetic control of CDH1 transcription in cancer cells
Authors: Marco Magistri, Chiara Pastori, Sara Napoli, Giuseppina M. Carbone, Carlo V. Catapano
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA in eukaryotic cells is wrapped around histones to form chromatin fibers. Chromatin can assume different conformations that dictate its biological activity. The equilibrium between distinct chromatin states is achieved via a cascade of epigenetic events involving DNA and histone modifications. However, the underlying mechanisms determining the timing and selectivity of these epigenetic events are not fully understood. Alterations in epigenetic patterns are common in cancer leading to the aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor genes. The CDH1 gene encodes the epithelial cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and is frequently silenced in epithelial tumors. CDH1 silencing is associated with cell transformation, tumor invasiveness and metastatic dissemination along with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and acquisition of stem cell properties. Recently, non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and components of the RNA interference machinery have been proposed as important elements in epigenetic mechanisms that might assist in targeting epigenetic effectors to specific genomic loci. In this study, we investigated the role of non-coding promoter-associated RNA (PARs) in the transcriptional regulation of the CDH1 gene. PARs with both sense and antisense orientation relative to the protein-coding RNA were found in the CDH1 gene using strand-specific RT-PCR and 5’RACE. Sense and antisense PARs were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, to the level of CDH1 RNA in different cell lines, suggesting a functional link between coding and non-coding RNAs. RNA immunoprecipitation showed binding of the Argonaute protein Ago1 to the sense PAR in PC3 cells, in which the CDH1 gene was silenced. Knock-down of Ago1 led to re-expression of CDH1 along with increased histone H3 acetylation and decreased histone H3K9 methylation in the CDH1 promoter. Similar changes in the histone code and re-expression of CDH1 were induced by knocking down the H3K9 histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 and HDAC1. Moreover, Ago1 knock-down reduced binding of both SUV39H1 and HDAC1 to the CDH1 promoter, indicating a critical role of Ago1 in establishing their association with the promoter. Consistent with a role of the PARs in CDH1 transcriptional control, targeting the sense PAR with small interfering RNAs induced chromatin remodeling and CDH1 re-expression, supporting the hypothesis that PARs can direct epigenetic effectors to gene promoters through their interaction with Ago1. These findings suggest the existence of endogenous ncRNA-based mechanisms of transcriptional control that cooperate with and complement DNA and protein based epigenetic pathways in human cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3145.
THE OPERATION OF CHOLECYSTECTOMY, WITH A RECORD OF CASES
Authors: B. G. A. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1903)

Operation, AugUst 5th, xgoz.-Pylorlcstenosis, with dilatation of stomach and gall stones, in gall bladder and common duct fouDd; twenty gall stones removed from gall bladder by cholecystotpmy, and two removed from common duct by choledochotowijy.Pylorus treated by pyloroplasty.Smooth and rapid recovery.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Homer and His Guide&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do Specialists Screen for Breast Cancer?
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We were very interested in the<i>JAMA</i>Medical News &amp; Perspectives<sup>1</sup>article on mammography and the comments of Nancy Breen, PhD. She states that "[o]ne of the problems is that the women who need screening most—older women are at higher risk for breast cancer—often are using a cardiologist or other physician who is treating their main disease as their source of primary care. But those physicians do not think of themselves as primary care doctors, so they do not recommend or ask if the woman has had a mammogram this year." However, the article cited by Breen and Kessler<sup>2</sup>provides no supporting data for this view. One of us (S.S.S.) is a thyroidologist who had not previously screened patients with mammography. In an initial study, we compared the mammogram results obtained during a 6-month period of 75 patients with thyroid disease from the subspecialist's thyroid practice
ABC of sleep disorders. Impact and epidemiology of sleep disorders.
Authors: C M Shapiro, W C Dement
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The treatment target for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is remission. Imaging techniques and remission criteria may identify patients at risk of flare and associated consequences. This study aimed to determine the clinical, functional and imaging associations of disease flare in patients with RA in remission and any effect on long-term outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> RA patients in clinical remission as determined by their treating rheumatologist were assessed using clinical, remission criteria, imaging, functional and quality of life measures over 12 months. Flare was defined as any increase in disease activity requiring a change in therapy. <h3>Results</h3> 26% of patients (24/93) in remission experienced a flare within 1 year. Fulfilment of remission criteria was not associated with a reduced likelihood of flare. Increased baseline ultrasound power Doppler (PD) activity (unadjusted OR (95% CI) 4.08 (1.26 to 13.19), p=0.014) and functional disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) per 0.1 unit1.27 (1.07 to 1.52), p=0.006) were independently associated with risk of flare. Patients who had a flare had significantly worse long-term clinical (Disease Activity Score 28; mean (95% CI) 2.90 (2.55 to 3.24) vs 2.26 (2.06 to 2.46), p=0.002) and functional outcomes (HAQ-DI; 0.412 (0.344 to 0.481) vs 0.322 (0.282 to 0.362), p=0.029) at 12 months compared with patients in sustained remission. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The presence of PD activity was the most accurate determinant of flare in RA patients in remission. Flare was associated with worse clinical and functional outcomes. These results suggest ultrasound could form an important part of remission assessment in RA.
Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction using intracoronary streptokinase: assessment by thallium-201 scintigraphy.
Authors: G Schuler, F Schwarz, M Hofmann, H Mehmel, J Manthey, W Mäurer, B Rauch, H J Herrmann, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Twenty-one patients with acute myocardial infarction, admitted to the hospital within 4 hours after the onset of symptoms, were studied by seven-pinhole thallium-201 scintigraphy before and 1 hour and 24 hours after intracoronary fibrinolysis using streptokinase. The size of the thallium-201 perfusion defect was assessed from myocardial cross sections reconstructed from the original seven-pinhole data and expressed as a fraction of left ventricular circumference. Recanalization was achieved in 16 patients within 3.9 +/- 1.6 hours after onset of symptoms (group A). In these patients, the size of the perfusion defect had decreased from 36 +/- 17% to 19% +/- 15% (p less than 0.001) at 24 hours. No significant change was detected by redistribution at 1 hour after the intervention. In five patients, intracoronary fibrinolysis was unsuccessful, and the vessel remained occluded (group B). The thallium-201 perfusion defect affected 40 +/- 15% of the left ventricular circumference before the intervention; it remained virtually unchanged at 1 hour (37 +/- 16%) and at 24 hours (41 +/- 15%) after fibrinolysis. The perfusion defect was most reduced in patients with extensive collaterals supplying the ischemic area or with subtotal occlusion of the affected coronary artery. We conclude that successful intracoronary fibrinolysis may reduce the size of the thallium-201 perfusion defect in many patients with acute myocardial infarction. One important factor in the final result may be the presence of residual coronary flow supplied by extensive collaterals or by subtotal occlusion of the affected coronary artery when reperfusion is achieved around 4 hours after the onset of symptoms.
Symptoms and health status before and six weeks after open cholecystectomy: a European cohort study.ECHSS Group. European Collaborative Health Services Study Group.
Authors: N A Black, E Thompson, C F Sanderson
Journal: Gut (1994)

The impact of open cholecystectomy on patients' symptoms and health status and their level of satisfaction has been examined to provide a basis for comparison with newer rival treatments. A prospective cohort study using patient and surgeon completed questionnaires before and six weeks after surgery was carried out in 14 general hospitals in eight European countries. Five hundred and eighty three patients were recruited consecutively in 1990 to 1991. Information on their symptoms, general health status, activities of daily living, and satisfaction with their care were collected. After surgery 42.8% of patients reported that they were free of symptoms. Symptoms varied in their responsiveness to surgery--six weeks after surgery 89% of those who had complained of vomiting had improved, 81% of nausea, 69% of loss of appetite, 65% of abdominal pain, and 51% of flatulence. In contrast 28.1% of patients still suffered from flatulence and 23.5% continued to complain of abdominal pain. Most patients' (62.7%) general health improved, 28% were unchanged, and 9.3% were worse. After surgery most patients reported no restrictions in their normal social activities (75-90% depending on the activity) and most (89.5%) felt the results of their operation had been as expected or better than expected. Most patients undergoing open cholecystectomy reported an improvement in their symptoms, health status, and social functioning. This was reflected in their high level of satisfaction. Some patients, however, gained no benefit and a small proportion were worse than before surgery.
Renal handling of phosphorus in oliguric and nonoliguric mercury-induced acute renal failure in rats
Authors: Mordecai M. Popovtzer, Shaul G. Massry, Mario Villamil, Charles R. Kleeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The renal handling of phosphorus was evaluated in rats with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by injection of mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)). Clearances of endogenous creatinine (Ccr) and of phosphorus (Cp) were measured in the following groups: 1. Intact animals (control); 2. Parathyroidectomized rats (PTX) with normal kidney function (PTX control); 3. Animals with mercury-induced acute renal failure (Hg-ARF); 4. PTX rats with Hg-ARF; 5. Rats with Hg-ARF maintained normophosphatemic with dietary phosphate restriction; 6. Animals with oliguric ARF following renal artery constriction; 7. Rats with unilateral Hg-ARF. In addition, radioinulin clearances were measured in 6 normal and in 14 azotemic animals and correlated with simultaneously recorded endogenous Ccr. Radioinulin clearance was also used as an estimate of GFR (glomerular filtration rate) in the animals of group 7. The Cp/GFR in the intact animals (group 1) was 0.25 +/-0.06 (mean +/-SD). PTX (group 2) caused a subsequent decrease in Cp/GFR to 0.11 +/-0.04 P < 0.0005. The ARF animals in group 3 were classified either as oliguric (U(vol) [urine volume] <2 ml/24 hr, Ccr 0.008 +/-0.005 ml/min) or nonoliguric (V(vol) >2 ml/24 hr, Ccr 0.136 +/-0.12). The Cp/GFR in the oliguric animals (0.16 +/-0.09) was lower than that in group 1, P < 0.0005, and failed to increase following administration of exogenous parathyroid hormone. The Cp/GFR in the oliguric animals in groups 5 and 7 was also lower than the clearance ratio in group 1, 0.030 +/-0.08 and 0.077 +/-0.006, respectively. In the nonoliguric ARF animals of group 3 the Cp/GFR (0.94 +/-0.29) was higher than that in group 1, P < 0.0005. In the nonoliguric ARF animals of group 4 the Cp/GFR 0.27 +/-0.08 did not differ from the clearance ratio in group 1, however it was higher than that in the PTX animals (group 2) P < 0.0005. Cp/GFR in the nonoliguric animals of group 5 was not different from that in the nonoliguric rats of group 3. In the animals with nonoliguric unilateral Hg-ARF Cp/GFR on the affected side 0.51 +/-0.16 was higher than that on the control (contralateral) side, 0.23 +/-0.07, P < 0.0005. These results indicate that the low Cp/GFR observed in the oliguric ARF animals was not related to the level of circulating parathyroid hormone nor to the presence or absence of azotemia but probably was due to a reduced renal cortical perfusion. The high Cp/GFR in the nonoliguric ARF animals could be explained by secondary hyperparathyroidism and impaired phosphorus reabsorption due to tubular injury.
Guar Gum and Glycemic Control of Pregnant Insulin-dependent Diabetic Patients
Authors: Claus Kühl, Lars Mølsted-Pedersen, Peter J Hornnes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The effect of a guar gum preparation on the glycemic control of 12 pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic patients was investigated. The study was performed on inpatients and lasted 3 wk (from week 32 of pregnancy and onward). Weeks 32 and 34 were control periods during which time the patients had their normal diet only. During week 33, the diet was supplemented with guar. The mean blood glucose level of week 33 was 14% lower than that of week 32 (P &amp;lt; 0.01) but equal to that of week 34. Mean fluctuations of blood glucose during individual days of the 3 wk were similar. The M-value declined significantly from week 32 to week 33, but the M-value of week 33 was not different from that of week 34. The average 24-h glycosuria declined by 63% from week 32 to week 33 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas the values of weeks 33 and 34 were not significantly different. The mean daily insulin doses of weeks 32, 33, and 34 were similar. The results show that whereas admission of pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic women to a diabetes ward exerts a favorable influence on diabetes control, no further improvement is obtainable if the diet is supplemented with guar.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of the immunoconjugate BR96-Dox
Authors: R.A. Firestone, D. Willner, S.J. Hofstead, H.D. King, T. Kaneko, G.R. Braslawsky, R.S. Greenfield, P.A. Trail, S.J. Lasch, A.J. Henderson, A.M. Casazza, I. Hellström, K.E. Hellström
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)
Serving the Information Needs of Physicians
Authors: G. Congdon Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education each have their own particular needs, and no single educational technic can suffice for prompt delivery of the requisite information at all levels. Even within the respective levels of medical education there are differing needs, requiring different approaches for their solution. A real problem involves getting the available medical information quickly to those who need it most: the practicing physician and allied health personnel. The problem is or can be particularly serious in many rural and semirural areas, and in community hospitals that may be relatively isolated from the mainstream of medical advances.Beyond . . .
Splenorenal Shunt Blood Flow by Transit–Time Ultrasound As An Index of Collateral Circulation in Portal Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Paul Calès, Frédéric Oberti, Nary Veal, Joël Fort, Mehdi Kaassis, Frédéric Moal, Christophe Aubé, Eric Vuillenin, Christophe Pilette, Hervé Rifflet, Renaud Trouvé
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The aim of this study was to develop a technique that could serve as an index of portosystemic shunt (PSS) blood flow in portal hypertensive rats whose main shunt is the splenorenal shunt (SRS). The main hemodynamic measurements performed were: SRS blood flow by the transit-time ultrasound (TTU) method, percentage of PSS, and regional blood flows by the microsphere method. We determined the accuracy and reproducibility of SRS blood flow measurements under baseline and pharmacological (octreotide) conditions. SRS blood flow was compared with other hemodynamic characteristics. Two models of portal hypertension were used: secondary biliary and dimethylnitrosamine cirrhosis. The SRS blood flow was correlated with mesenteric (r = .76; P < .001) and splenic (r = .67; P < .01) PSS percentages. The intra- and interobserver agreements for SRS blood flow were excellent: ric = .99 and ric = .98, respectively. SRS blood flow was six times higher in portal hypertensive rats (0.6 +/- 0.7 mL . min-1 . 100 g-1) than in sham rats (0.1 +/- 0.1 mL . min-1 . 100 g-1 [P < .01]). Octreotide significantly decreased SRS blood flow but not mesenteric or splenic PSS percentages. SRS is the main PSS in rats. The measurement of SRS blood flow by TTU is accurate and reproducible. This method can be used to identify new mechanisms in hemodynamic studies that differ from those identified by the measurement of the percentage of PSS by the microsphere method, especially in pharmacological studies.