tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation causes DNA damage in the lungs of mice
Authors: Ken Arimura, Kazutetsu Aoshiba, Takao Tsuji, Jun Tamaoki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Whether systemic inflammation compromises the pulmonary system is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation damages alveolar wall cells.   Methods   A chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory state was induced in 8-week-old male C57/BL6J mice by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 44.4 μg/day) for a 90-day period by subcutaneous implantation of a delayed-release pellet system. Acute systemic inflammation was induced in another group of mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (125 μg/body). The lungs of mice were examined for histologic changes and genetic damage to alveolar wall cells.   Results   Chronic LPS exposure for a 30-day period or a 90-day period did not cause any obvious architectural changes in the lungs except for a mild level of alveolar macrophage infiltration. Despite the lack of architectural changes in the lung, immunofluorescence staining for γH2AX and phosphorylated 53BP1 showed that chronic LPS exposure resulted in an almost doubling of the number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and in alveolar endothelial cells. Acute LPS exposure also resulted in a doubling of the number of DSBs in type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and in alveolar endothelial cells at 24 h, but the increased number of DSBs returned to the baseline level by 48 h.   Conclusions These results suggest that chronic systemic low-grade inflammation induces persistent DNA damage in alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells before architectural changes in the lung become evident.
Prevalence and risk factors of asthma in urban Canadian aboriginal children
Authors: Ming Ye, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Several studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in school-age children, adolescents and adults in Canadian Aboriginal population. However, only a few studies have investigated asthma morbidity in young Aboriginal children. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in urban Aboriginal children aged 0 to 6 years. The data from 14,170 children who participated in the 2006 Canadian Aboriginal Children Survey were considered for this study. Children living in the First Nations reserves were excluded from the survey. Designed weights were used to adjust for overlap with other surveys, non-response and post-stratification. Asthma prevalence for children with North American Indian, Metis, Inuit and Multiple ancestries were 10.0%, 8.5%, 6.6% and 9.7%, respectively. Asthma prevalence was greater in boys than girls (11.4% vs. 7.3%). In the multivariate analysis, low birth weight, respiratory allergy, ear infection and daycare attendance were risk factors for asthma. Breastfeeding, having more healthcare access and playing more frequently outside were protective factors for asthma. The influence of respiratory allergy on asthma was modified by ear infection and parental education. Relationship between daycare attendance and asthma varied with parental education levels. The relationship of frequently playing outside with asthma varied between children living in houses and other dwellings. In conclusion, Inuit children who live mainly in the Northern Canadian Territories had the lowest prevalence of asthma and risk factors of asthma for young Aboriginal children living off-reserve were similar to those reported for non-Aboriginal Canadian children.
Circulating biomarkers of distinct pathophysiological pathways in heart failure with preserved vs. reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: S. Sanders‐van Wijk, V. van Empel, N. Davarzani, M. T. Maeder, R. Handschin, M. E. Pfisterer, H. P. Brunner‐La Rocca
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2015)
Purpuranın eşlik ettiği uzamış ürtiker: ürtikeryal vaskülit kliniği gösteren 22 hastalık prospektif bir seride klinik ve histopatolojik özellikler
Authors: Joyce Siong See Lee, MMed, Mrcp, Fams, a Teck Hiong Loh, Mbbs
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Brief Communication: A Transplantable Erythroblastic Stem-Cell Leukemia2
Authors: W. C. Wise
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The methods for maintaining an erythroblastic leukemia (EBl) by transplantation of erythroblastic leukemia cells from the liver of an animal with a 7,8,12- trimethylbenz[a]anthracene (TMBA)-induced leukemia into 1- to 5-day-old rat pups were presented. The transplanted leukemia was rapidly induced (<18 days), and had a >98% transmission rate. These EBL cells should become a useful system for studies of cellular maturation and neoplastic transformation.
Casein and 3-Methylcholanthrene Carcinogenesis in Inbred C57BL/6Os Female Mice 2
Authors: Yasuyuki Akamatsu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Groups of inbred C57BL/6Os female mice were subjected to one of the following -reatments: 1) subamyloidogenic administration of sodium caseinate (C group); 2) four intragastric intubations of 0.25 mg 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) (MCA group); 3) a sodium caseinate injection followed by MCA (C-MCA group); or 4) MCA followed by a soidum caseinate injection (MCA-C group). During their life-spans, mice of the C group developed a significantly high incidence of neoplasms, especially histiocytic lymphomas, No myelogenous leukemia was observed in the C group, but it was seen in the MCA, C-MCA, and MCA-C groups. The occurrence rate of other neoplasms was significantly high in the C, MCA, and MCA-C groups, but it was not significantly high in the C-MCA group compared with the untreated group. Results suggested that sodium caseinate treatment shifts target organs in MCA carcinogenesis. In all treated groups, amyloidosis of a secondary type was observed at a significantly high rate in the following order of severity by treatment group: MCA, MCA-C, C-MCA, and C groups, MCA was obviously amyloidogenic with or without sodium caseinate adjuvant treatment; although the sodium caseinate treatment was subamyloidogenic, it elicited neoplasms, including neoplasms of lymphoreticular tissue.
Renal bone disease in pediatric and young adult patients on hemodialysis in a children's hospital.
Authors: R Mathias, I Salusky, W Harman, A Paredes, J Emans, G Segre, W Goodman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Renal bone disease has been well defined in adult patients receiving chronic dialysis and in children on peritoneal dialysis/continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, little is known about the histologic features in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in a children's hospital center. Twenty one patients, aged 17.5 +/- 1.5 yr, on hemodialysis for 35 +/- 6 months underwent iliac crest bone biopsies and deferoxamine infusion tests. Nineteen of 21 patients were receiving oral calcitriol. The 21 patients were classified by histomorphometry as follows: osteitis fibrosa, 5; mild hyperparathyroidism, 3; normal histology, 3; aplastic, 6; and mixed lesions, 4. Four of 21 patients were surface positive for aluminum, and seven other patients stained positive for iron in bone. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated directly with the bone formation rate (r = 0.84) and with eroded bone perimeter (r = 0.67). Eight of the nine patients with serum PTH levels above 125 pg/mL had marrow fibrosis. All patients with serum calcium levels < 10.0 mg/dL and serum PTH levels > 125 pg/mL had either osteitis fibrosa or mixed bone lesions--a group of patients that might benefit from aggressive vitamin D therapy. In contrast, an examination of patients with serum calcium levels > 10.0 mg/dL and serum PTH levels < 65 pg/mL correctly identified three out of three patients with aluminum-related bone disease. These findings suggest that measurements of serum intact PTH levels by the immunoradiometric assay method may be valuable in distinguishing high-turnover lesions from normal or low-turnover skeletal lesions in this population.
Positive outcomes of 900 mg daily erdosteine in acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: Maurizio Moretti, Andrea Montagna
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species. Aside from its action as a mucolytic, erdosteine is an antioxidant, has anti-inflammatory actions and enhances the activity of antibiotics.

Aim 

The present study investigated whether erdosteine during AECOPD might hasten recovery from the exacerbation.

Methods 

25 COPD patients admitted to hospital with AECOPD, were randomised to 10 day treatment with erdosteine (E) 300 mg tid. (n=13) or matching placebo (P) (n=12), in combination with standard treatment. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), breathlessness, cough, and sputum scale (BCSS) and pulmonary function tests were measured at hospital admission, at 10 and 30 days post-exacerbation. AECOPD after hospital discharge were assessed at 30 and 60 days.

Results 

At Day 10, CRP was significantly lower in the (E) group. FEV1%pred and BCSS also improved significantly in (E) compared to (P). At Day 30 CRP, pulmonary function and BCSS progressively recovered in both groups. Exacerbation recurrence at 60 days was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the (E) group and positively correlated to serum CRP, marker of systemic inflammation, at 10d (p<0.05) and 30d (p<0.05).

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Conclusions 

Addition 900 mg daily of erdosteine to concurrent standard treatment modifies the outcome in AECOPD. Antioxidant activity of erdosteine seems to accelerate recovery from AECOPD by reducing the burst of airway inflammation.
Contribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to the Carcinogenic Impact of Gasoline Engine Exhaust Condensate Evaluated by Implantation Into the Lungs of Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G Grimmer, H Brune, R Deutsch-Wenzel, G Dettbarn, J Misfeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

An attempt was made to identify the substances chiefly responsible for the carcinogenicity of gasoline engine exhaust condensate. A carcinogen-specific bioassay was performed by a comparison of the carcinogenic effect of various fractions with that of a total sample of automobile exhaust condensate, tested in two or three different doses. The results were examined by Probit analysis. After implantation into the lungs of OM rats, the condensate emitted from a gasoline-driven automobile and the fraction of polycyclic aromatic compounds consisting of more than 3 rings induced lung carcinomas and sarcomas. The tumor incidence demonstrated a clear-cut dose-response relationship. The fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) consisting of more than 3 rings accounted for about 81% of the total carcinogenicity of automobile exhaust condensate. This fraction represented only 2.8% by weight of the condensate. The content of benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8; 0.483 mg/g condensate) accounted for 2.4% of the total carcinogenicity of automobile exhaust condensate. Regarding the minor effect of the PAH-free fraction (approximately equal to 87% by wt), no evidence of cocarcinogenic activity was observed, since the total condensate as well as the PAH fraction consisting of more than 3 rings applied proportionally caused about the same tumor incidence.
Factors that influence the collection and engraftment of allogeneic peripheral-blood stem cells in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Authors: R A Brown, D Adkins, L T Goodnough, J S Haug, G Todd, M Wehde, D Hendricks, C Ehlenbeck, L Laub, J DiPersio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To determine the number of CD34+ cells associated with a high probability of rapid engraftment after allogeneic peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) transplant, and to examine the relationship between certain donor characteristics and the effectiveness of PBSC mobilization. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between December 1994 and July 1996, we treated 47 patients who had resistant hematologic neoplasms with myeloablative therapy followed by transplantation of allogeneic PBSC collected from histocompatible siblings after mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Expression of CD34 was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Engraftment was rapid and similar to that observed following autologous PBSC transplant, with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 500/microL and platelet count greater than 20,000/microL on median days +9 and +11, respectively. The pace of hematologic recovery correlated with the number of hematopoietic progenitors transplanted, so that patients who received greater than 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg recipient weight had a 95% likelihood of neutrophil and platelet recovery by day +15. Baseline (precytokine) CD34+ cells per milliliter of donor peripheral blood and total G-CSF dose (donor weight x 10 micrograms/kg) correlated with the number of CD34+ cells collected (R2 = .24 and P = .0009, and R2 = .24 and P &lt; .0001, respectively). Donor age and sex did not effect mobilization. CONCLUSION Following allogeneic PBSC transplant, patients who received greater than 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/ kg recipient weight had a high probability of rapid engraftment. Donors with low baseline levels of circulating progenitors (&lt; 2,000 CD34+ cells/mL blood) and those who received lower total doses of G-CSF were less likely to be effectively mobilized. For donors with low baseline CD34+ counts, higher doses of G-CSF might improve mobilization. Baseline CD34+ counts and total G-CSF dose accounted for less than half of the variation in CD34+ cells collected, which indicates that other, as yet unidentified, factors play an important role in determining the effectiveness of mobilization.
Abstract 12635: Successful Microbubble Sonothrombolysis Without Tissue Plasminogen Activator in a Rabbit Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: William C Culp, John D Lowery, Aliza T Brown, Leah J Hennings, Paula K Roberson, Jeff H Hatton, Sean D Woods, Michael J Borrelli, Rene Flores
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Cancer Treatment: Dual-Wavelength Irradiation and Dox Delivery for ­Cancer Cell Ablation with Photocatalytic Pr Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> /NGO ­Hybrid Nanocomposite (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2015)
Authors: Hongje Jang, Myung-Ho Choi, Yeajee Yim, Young-Kwan Kim, Dal-Hee Min
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A grand slam in cancer therapy: On page 1833 Dal-Hee Min and co-workers describe how they designed a hybrid nanomaterial with triple action modes: chemo, photothermal and photodynamic. This powerful cancer therapeutic, that showed good results in human cancer cells, is based on graphene oxide, the surface of which is covered with praseodymium doped titanium dioxide.
Adherence to sublingual immunotherapy in patients allergic to mites
Authors: Bashir Omarjee, Bernard Tanguy, Ziad Rida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Adherence is essential for effective treatment. Specific allergen immunotherapy (SIT) should be continued until the patient has had substantially reduced symptom free for 3 or 5 years. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is referred to improve adherence to SIT. The aim of this study was to identify factors that may influence adherence to SLIT.   Methods:  We evaluated 610 patients (15-45 years), 54.4% male, monosensitised to house dust mites with moderate persistent rhinitis and mild persistent asthma, submitted to SLIT in the last 5 years. We analysed factors related to non adherence to SLIT.   Results:  81 patients (13%) suspended SLIT based on different motives:  For 28 patients (35%), main reason for discontinuation of SLIT is inability to take medication according to schedule. 21 patients (26%) withdrew in the first 4 months because of local side effects. 14 patients (17%) due to symptoms resolution: they began to show a 30% improvement of their symptoms compared to the basal score, already 6 months after the start of the the therapy. 10 patients (12%) “get bored” after 6 months of maintenance treatment. 5 patients (6%) stopped because they went to holidays or working habits, 3 patients (4%) due to respiratory recurrent infections. After quitting SLIT, 14 patients (17%) preferred subcutaneous specific immunotherapy.   Conclusions:  The main cause of SLIT cessation was desertion, suggesting a need of a greater number of clinical appointments, at least during the first six months of treatment. Candidates to SLIT should be well selected to improve adherence to treatment. The ineffectiveness of SLIT could not be explained by non-adherence.
Kinetics of Excision Repair Synthesis Induced by N -Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and Ultraviolet Irradiation in Human Diploid Fibroblasts
Authors: Miriam C. Poirier, Benedict T. DeCicco
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Kinetics of Excision Repair Synthesis Induced by N-Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and Ultraviolet Irradiation in Human Diploid Fibroblasts Get access Miriam C. Poirier, Miriam C. Poirier Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benedict T. DeCicco Benedict T. DeCicco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 339–343, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.2.339 Published: 01 August 1977 Article history Received: 22 December 1976 Accepted: 16 March 1977 Published: 01 August 1977
Phase I Study of Paclitaxel in Combination With a Multidrug Resistance Modulator, PSC 833 (Valspodar), in Refractory Malignancies
Authors: Paula M. Fracasso, Peter Westerveldt, Carole A. Fears, D. Marc Rosen, Eleanor G. Zuhowski, Lorraine A. Cazenave, Manuel Litchman, Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel when given with PSC 833 (valspodar) to patients with refractory solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were initially treated with paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) over 3 hours. Subsequently, 29 hours of treatment with CIVI PSC 833 was started 2 hours before paclitaxel treatment was initiated. In this combination, the starting dose of paclitaxel was 52.5 mg/m 2 . Paclitaxel doses were escalated by 17.5 mg/m 2 increments for four subsequent cohorts. Each cohort consisted of three patients with the exception of the last cohort, which consisted of six patients. Data for the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel with and without concurrent PSC 833 administration were obtained. RESULTS: All 18 patients completed at least one course of concurrent treatment (median, two courses; range, one to six) and were evaluable for toxicity. The MTD for paclitaxel with PSC 833 was 122.5 mg/m 2 . Neutropenia was the DLT. All patients had PSC 833 blood concentrations greater than 1,000 ng/mL before, during, and 24 hours after the paclitaxel infusion. PSC 833 produced small increases in the paclitaxel peak plasma concentrations and areas under the concentration-time curve. However, PSC 833 greatly prolonged the terminal phase of paclitaxel, resulting in plasma paclitaxel concentrations of more than 0.05 μmol/L for much longer than expected. As a result, myelosuppression was comparable to that produced by full-dose paclitaxel given without PSC 833. Of the 16 patients who were assessable for response, one patient experienced a partial response and an additional nine patients experienced disease stabilization after paclitaxel treatment alone. CONCLUSION: Treatment with paclitaxel 122.5 mg/m 2 as a 3-hour CIVI concurrent with a 29-hour CIVI of PSC 833 results in acceptable toxicity. The addition of PSC 833 alters the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, which explains the enhanced neutropenia experienced by patients treated with this drug combination.
Complementation of the Tumorigenic Phenotype in Human Cell Hybrids&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bernard E. Weissman, Eric J. Stanbridge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Several combinations of human tumor cell lines were fused together. Hybrid populations formed from fusions between carcinoma × carcinoma and carcinoma × Iymphoblastoid remained highly tumorigenic. However, suppression of tumorigenic potential was seen in carcinoma × sarcoma and carcinoma × melanoma hybrid populations. These results suggest that complementation of the tumorigenic phenotype can occur and that at least 2 different complementation groups may be involved
Effect of the use of electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) in smoking asthmatics (SA): A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Riccardo Polosa, Pasquale Caponnetto, Massimo Caruso, Simona Strano, Cristina Russo, Jaymin Morjaria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  SA have frequent exacerbations, poor health status and disease control. E-Cigs are an alternative smoking strategy to conventional cigarettes.  Aim  To evaluate the effects of e-Cigs as an alternative to tobacco use in SA.  Methods  We retrospectively reviewed changes in lung function, methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma control in SA who had been using e-Cigs for at least 12 months. Measurements were taken prior to use, at 6 and 12 months.  Results  18 SA were identified with a mean age of 39 (±12) and smoking pack years of 21 (±10); 10 single (e-Cig only) and 8 dual users (e-Cig and conventional cigarettes ≤4cig/day). The findings are summarised below.  No adverse events were reported.  Conclusions  E-Cig use appears to have beneficial effects on respiratory physiology and subjective asthma outcomes, suggesting that these products may be a valid and safe option for SA not intending or unable to quit tobacco use. Larger controlled studies are required to substantiate our findings.
Protective Effect of Pregnancy Against Transplantation of Lymphoma in Rats
Authors: Harry L. Ioachim, Harold Moroson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Pregnancy was considered to aggravate concomitant neoplasia; however, recent observations in humans and experimental animals suggest that on the contrary tumor growth may be unfavorably affected by pregnancy. For this relationship to be investigated, a serially transplantable virus-induced lymphoma was inoculated into female rats of two different strains (WF and SD) in early or in late pregnancy. While all nonpregnant control rats died with lymphoma in 8-10 weeks, 36-75% of rats inoculated with lymphoma cells in the 1st week of pregnancy remained free of tumors, and 20-54% had tumors half the size of those in controls. When lymphoma cells were inoculated in the last week of pregnancy, the protective effect of pregnancy, although less clearly manifested, still resulted in 11% rats free of tumors and 78-91% rats with tumors markedly smaller than those of controls. Nonpregnant rats receiving pregnant rat serum in twice weekly injections grew tumors only 25-60% the size of those in rats receiving sera of nonpregnant rats. In vitro, pregnant rat sera added to the tissue culture media of rat lymphoma (AS line) or human leukemia (MOLT-4) cells resulted in reductions of viable target cells of 67-71%, respectively. The present experiments show that transplanted lymphoma cells that are 100% lethal in nonpregnant rats were totally or partially inhibited in their growth when the recipients were pregnant. Similar inhibiting effects were observed when pregnant rat serum was administered to lymphoma cells in vivo and in vitro. The protective effect against tumor growth was greater during early pregnancy, less accentuated during late pregnancy, and ceased entirely post partum and particularly during lactation, when tumor growth resumed on an accelerated course.