tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concomitant eosinophilia, fasciitis, and mycosis fungoides-like reaction with antinuclear autoantibodies in chronic myeloid leukaemia: role of a T-cell clone induced by imatinib
Authors: Fabrice Jardin, Philippe Courville, Pascal Lenain, Sophie Pouplin, Nathalie Contentin, Sophie Lehembre, Annie Laquerriere, Jean-François Clément, Hervé Tilly, Bernard Lenormand
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2005)
Visualization of the Coronary Arteries during Life
Authors: JAMES A. HELMSWORTH, JOHNSON MCGUIRE, BENJAMIN FELSON, RALPH C. SCOTT
Journal: Circulation (1951)

By retrograde catheterization of the carotid or the brachial arteries small polyethylene or woven catheters have been inserted into the ascending aorta in 10 individuals. Diodrast or Neo-Iopax solution was forcibly injected and serial roentgenograms were rapidly taken. The coronary arteries or branches were demonstrated in 5 of the subjects. Similar studies were made in 5 dogs with normal hearts, and also in 10 dogs in whom a coronary artery had previously been obstructed. In certain of the normal animals not only the larger, but also smaller branches were clearly shown and the absence of filling in obstructed vessels was demonstrated.
Polymorphisms of the TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes in Japanese SLE.
Authors: F Takeuchi, K Nakano, H Nabeta, G H Hong, S Kuwata, K Ito
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To determine how polymorphism of transporter associated with antigen processing 1 and 2 (TAP1 and 2) alleles contributed to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Japanese patients.TAP1 and TAP2 typing was carried out in 52 Japanese patients with SLE and 95 normal subjects by the PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. HLA-DR typing and HLA-DRB1*15 genotyping were carried out by the PCR method and PCR-SSCP (single stranded DNA conformation polymorphism) method, respectively.No particular TAP 1 allele was associated with Japanese SLE or with immunological subgroup of SLE. TAP2H showed a tendency towards increased frequency in SLE (5.8% v 0% in control), but the corrected P value was not significant. No other particular association of TAP2 allele was observed. Furthermore, these was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium between any TAP1/TAP2 alleles and HLA-DRB1*1501--which is reported to be weakly but significantly association with Japanese SLE--in either the normal control or the SLE patient group.Neither the TAP1 nor the TAP2 gene appears to determine disease susceptibility to SLE in Japanese, and these results are in keeping with those reported in Caucasian SLE patients.
Doctors want to keep their review body
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

At its annual meeting the BMA defeated a motion calling for the doctors' and dentists' review body to be abolished.

The review body has failed us, Dr Paul Miller, a consultant psychiatrist in Sunderland, told the meeting. The members were always very welcoming but then gave nothing. “In life you do not get what you deserve; you …
Brain uptake, retention, and efflux of aluminum and manganese.
Authors: Robert A Yokel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

My colleagues and I investigated the sites and mechanisms of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) distribution through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microdialysis was used to sample non-protein-bound Al in the extracellular fluid (ECF) of blood (plasma) and brain. Brain ECF Al appearance after intravenous Al citrate injection was too rapid to attribute to diffusion or to transferrin-receptor-mediated endocytosis, suggesting another carrier-mediated process. The brain:blood ECF Al concentration ratio was 0.15 at constant blood and brain ECF Al concentrations, suggesting carrier-mediated brain Al efflux. Pharmacological manipulations suggested the efflux carrier might be a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT). However, the lack of Al (14)C-citrate uptake into rat erythrocytes suggested it is not a good substrate for isoform MCT1 or for the band 3 anion exchanger. Al (14)C-citrate uptake into murine-derived brain endothelial cells appeared to be carrier mediated, Na independent, pH independent, and energy dependent. Uptake was inhibited by substrate/inhibitors of the MCT and organic anion transporter families. Determination of (26)Al in rat brain at various times after intravenous (26)Al suggested a prolonged brain (26)Al half-life. It appears that Al transferrin and Al citrate cross the BBB by different mechanisms, that much of the Al entering brain ECF is rapidly effluxed, probably as Al citrate, but that some Al is retained for quite some time. Brain influx of the Mn(2+) ion and Mn citrate, determined with the in situ brain perfusion technique, was greater than that attributable to diffusion, suggesting carrier-mediated uptake. Mn citrate uptake was approximately 3-fold greater than the Mn(2+) ion, suggesting it is a primary Mn species entering the brain. After Mn(2+) ion, Mn citrate, or Mn transferrin injection into the brain, brain Mn efflux was not more rapid than that predicted from diffusion. The BBB permeation of Al and Mn is mediated by carriers that may help regulate their brain concentrations.
Irish surgeons college refuses to speak out against atrocities in Bahrain
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland is continuing to operate its training school in Bahrain as normal and has not commented on the intimidation and arrests of medical workers in the country in recent months.

The college has had closer ties with Bahrain than have most medical bodies in Western countries since it opened a training programme for doctors in the capital, Manama, in 2004. Its first class of 72 students graduated in 2010 in disciplines including medicine, nursing, and healthcare ethics and law.

Human rights bodies, aid agencies, and news channels have reported a coordinated campaign by Bahrain authorities against medical staff who have helped injured pro-democracy protesters since the government’s crackdown on protests, involving troops from neighbouring Saudi Arabia, in March.

Some 46 medical workers are currently detained, and 29 of them face criminal charges, some of which could lead to the death penalty. They are accused of …
Manpower and Financial Incentives
Authors: J. R. Butler, J. M. Bevan
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the fact that they are hospital-based in decid- ing which arrangement is the better.But I am certain of one thing: that there is need for experiment and that in this most important work policy based purely on depart- mental decree is not good enough.If, in the broadest sense, we are to get value for money this airing of the resettlement of the disabled should be followed by a planned comparative study.-I am, etc.,
Injurious Effects of Hypocapnic Alkalosis in the Isolated Lung
Authors: JOHN G. LAFFEY, DOREEN ENGELBERTS, BRIAN P. KAVANAGH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Mechanical ventilation can worsen morbidity and mortality by causing ventilator-associated lung injury, especially where adverse ventilatory strategies are employed. Adverse strategies commonly involve hyperventilation, which frequently results in hypocapnia. Although hypocapnia is associated with significant lung alterations (e.g., bronchospasm, airway edema), the effects on alveolar-capillary permeability are unknown. We investigated whether hypocapnia could cause lung injury independent of altering ventilatory strategy. We hypothesized that hypocapnia would cause lung injury during prolonged ventilation, and would worsen injury following ischemia–reperfusion. We utilized the isolated buffer-perfused rabbit lung model. Pilot studies assessed a range of levels of hypocapnic alkalosis. Experimental preparations were randomized to control groups (Fi CO2 = 0.06) or groups with hypocapnia (Fi CO2 = 0.01). Following prolonged ventilation, pulmonary artery pressure, airway pressure, and lung weight were unchanged in the control group but were elevated in the group with hypocapnia; elevation in microvascular permeability was greater in the hypocapnia versus control groups. Injury following ischemia–reperfusion was significantly worse in the hypocapnia versus control groups. In a preliminary series, degree of lung injury was proportional to the degree of hypocapnic alkalosis. We conclude that in the current model (1) hypocapnic alkalosis is directly injurious to the lung and (2) hypocapnic alkalosis potentiates ischemia–reperfusion-induced acute lung injury.
Expression of CD45RO on circulating CD19+ B-cells in Crohn's disease.
Authors: B R Yacyshyn, L M Pilarski
Journal: Gut (1993)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent literature strongly supports the idea that mobility reduction and social distancing play a crucial role in transmission of SARS-Cov-2 infections. It was shown during the first wave that mobility restrictions reduce significantly infection transmission. Here we document the reverse relationship by showing, between the first two Covid-19 waves, a high positive correlation between the trends of SARS-Cov-2 transmission and mobility. These two trends oscillate simultaneously and increased mobility following lockdown relaxation has a significant positive relationship with increased transmission. From a public health perspective, these results highlight the importance of following the evolution of mobility when relaxing mitigation measures to anticipate the future evolution of the spread of the SARS-Cov-2.
Multilocus haplotype analyses reveal association between 5 novel IL-15 polymorphisms and asthma
Authors: Thorsten Kurz, Konstantin Strauch, Henriette Dietrich, Sandra Braun, Steffen Hierl, Silvija-Pera Jerkic, Thomas F. Wienker, Klaus A. Deichmann, Andrea Heinzmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Differential effects of a partially purified preparation of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis on guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips.
Authors: J M Drazen, R A Lewis, S I Wasserman, R P Orange, K F Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The contractile effects of partially purified slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and histamine were compared on isolated guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips. Histamine was equally active on both isolated tissues in a concentration-related fashion. SRS-A (0.1--10.0 U/ml) produced a concentration-related effect on parenchymal strips, whereas the tracheal spiral was 100 times less sensitive to this mediator. The contractile activity of SRS-A on parenchymal strips was diminished by incubation with limpet arylsulfatase and antagonized by FPL 55712, a known SRS-A antagonist. SRS-A, further purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, also demonstrated this preferential activity on guinea pig parenchymal strips. These data are consistent with the hypothesis, based on previous in vivo observations, that SRS-A is a selective peripheral airway constrictor.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Male Prisoners
Authors: GARY P. WORMSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Between September 1981 and June 1982, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in seven previously healthy young men incarcerated for 5 to 38 months in New York State correctional facilities. All seven patients were anergic, six were lymphopenic, and all developed oral candidiasis. Immunologic evaluation in vitro showed profound defects in cellular immune function in patients tested, with inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T-cell populations in four of five patients studied. No underlying immunosuppressive disorder was found in any patient, including three patients who had postmortem examinations. Based on these cases, the incidence of this syndrome among inmates of New York State correctional facilities is estimated to be at least 20 out of 100 000 per year. None of the inmates was homosexual but all had used intravenous drugs extensively before incarceration. If intravenous drug use is a cause of the syndrome, then the epidemiologic findings of this study suggest a prolonged incubation period (mean, 14.6 months) before development of serious opportunistic infection. Recognition that certain prisoners are at high risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has important implications for the prison health-care system.
Drug resistant TB is spreading worldwide
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Tuberculosis that is resistant both to the standard, four drug regimen and to expensive second line drugs has now been found in 104 countries, according to a report released last week in New York.

The report, drawn up by Harvard Medical School and financier George Soros's Open Society Institute, estimates that it may cost up to $1bn (£625m) to fight tuberculosis worldwide.

“We were surprised that multidrug resistant tuberculosis was reported so widely. …
Long-term exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether impairs CD8 T-cell function in adult mice
Authors: Weihong Zeng, Ying Wang, Zhicui Liu, Asma Khanniche, Qingliang Hu, Yan Feng, Weiyi Ye, Jianglong Yang, Shujun Wang, Lin Zhou, Hao Shen, Yan Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that accumulate to high levels in human populations that are subject to occupational or regional industry exposure. PBDEs have been shown to affect human neuronal, endocrine and reproductive systems, but their effect on the immune system is not well understood. In this study, experimental adult mice were intragastrically administered 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) at doses of 8, 80 or 800 mg/kg of body weight (bw) at 2-day intervals. Our results showed that continuous exposure to BDE-209 resulted in high levels of BDE-209 in the plasma that approached the levels found in people who work in professions with high risks of PDBE exposure. Reduced leukocytes, decreased cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) production and lower CD8 T-cell proliferation were observed in the mice exposed to BDE-209. Additionally, mice with long-term BDE-209 exposure had lower numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells after immunization with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing ovalbumin (rLm-OVA) and the OVA-specific CD8 T cells had reduced functionality. Taken together, our study demonstrates that continuous BDE-209 exposure causes adverse effects on the number and functionality of immune cells in adult mice.
SPECIMENS OF THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, LONDON
Authors: St. Clair Thomson
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although known and valued by ear, nose and throat workers, it has hardly been appreciated that London possessed perhaps the largest and most valuable collection of museum specimens connected with the ear, nose and throat. The museum of the Royal College of Surgeons had, for many years, been assembling a select number of pathologic, anatomic and physiologic specimens concerned with this department. One of the earliest gifts of normal anatomy arrived when Toynbee presented his three hundred specimens of temporal bones. This addition was greatly enriched when Arthur Cheatle handed over to the museum his series of sectioned temporal bones. The basis of the group of specimens related to rhinology was formed when the large collection of Onodi, from Budapest, was secured and presented by the otolaryngologists of this country. A valuable addition was made when V. E. Negus made a gift of all the specimens which
Essential fatty acid deficiency in patients with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: S. Wapnick, D. A. Norden, D. J. Venturas
Journal: Gut (1974)

The relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in the serum lipids of 14 patients who have undergone small bowel resection have been investigated. These results are compared with those from control subjects and also from patients suffering from cancer of the oesophagus. Both groups of patients showed patterns of unsaturated fatty acids suggesting essential fatty acid deficiency. In the resection patients there was no correlation between the extent of intestinal removal and the extent of the change in the unsaturated fatty acid pattern.
Air pollution: time for more clean air legislation?
Authors: D. V Bates
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The industrial world has been so successful at dealign with smoke pollution that the avalanche of recent work showing that fine particles in the atmosphere are damaging health has come as an unwelcome surprise. Dockery and Pope published a summary of this evidence in 19941; since then more confirmatory evidence has appeared, and the conclusions have been independently validated.2 Further material appeared from Britain's Department of Health in a comprehensive review of non-biological particles and health,3 and the Department of the Environment has recommended a new standard of 50 µg/m3 for a 24 hour period for particles less than 10 microns in size (generally known as PM10).4 Achieving this new standard will set a considerable challenge for transport authorities in Europe and North America. The solutions may need radical new policies for urban transportation. Other regulatory and advisory agencies are engaged in a frenzy of activity as they consider the impact of the epidemiological evidence.

The medical evidence is …
Significance of the Presence of Microscopic Vascular Invasion After Complete Resection of Stage I–II pT1-T2N0 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relation with T-Size Categories: Did the 2009 7th Edition of the TNM Staging System Miss Something?
Authors: Enrico Ruffini, Sofia Asioli, Pier Luigi Filosso, Lucio Buffoni, Maria Cristina Bruna, Claudio Mossetti, Paolo Solidoro, Alberto Oliaro
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
The impending crisis awaiting cardiac transplantation. Modeling a solution based on selection.
Authors: L W Stevenson, S L Warner, A E Steimle, G C Fonarow, M A Hamilton, J D Moriguchi, J A Kobashigawa, J H Tillisch, D C Drinkwater, H Laks
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Each month, the number of transplant candidates added to the waiting list exceeds the number of transplantations performed, and many outpatients deteriorate to require transplantation urgently. The current list of 2400 candidates and the average wait of 8 months continue to increase. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the size at which the outpatient and critical candidate pools will stabilize, population models were constructed using current statistics for donor hearts, candidate listing, sudden death, and outpatient decline to urgent status and revised to predict the impact of alterations in policies of candidate listing. If current practices continue, within 48 months the predicted list will stabilize as the sum of an estimated 270 hospitalized candidates, among whom, together with newly listed urgent candidates, all hearts will be distributed and 3700 outpatient candidates with virtually no chance of transplantation unless they deteriorate to an urgent status. Decreasing the upper age limit now to 55 years would reduce the number listed each month by 30% and result within 48 months in a list of only 1490. The list could also be decreased by 30%, however, if it were possible to list only a candidate group with an 80% chance (compared with 52% estimated currently) of sudden death or deterioration during the next year. With this strategy, the waiting list would equilibrate within 48 months to one-third the current size, with 50% of hearts for outpatient candidates, who would then have an 11% chance each month of receiving a heart compared with 0% if recent policies prevail. Total deaths, with and without transplantation, would be minimized by this rigorous selection of outpatient candidates. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that immediate provisions should be made to limit candidate listing and revise expectations to reflect the diminishing likelihood of transplantation for outpatient candidates. Future emphasis should be on improved selection of candidates at highest risk without transplantation.
An Objective Test to Demonstrate the Circulatory Abnormality in Intermittent Claudication
Authors: JAY D. COFFMAN, JOHN A. MANNICK
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The exercise test as described in this study gives graphic evidence of the deficit in muscle blood flow during exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. It is easy to perform and can be done on an outpatient basis. The equipment cost is reasonable, NaI 131 is available in most hospitals, and the amount of radioactive material received by the patient is very small. Two people can perform the test on both legs of a patient in 45 minutes. Records are easy to interpret; if the isotope disappearance stops, the counts need not even be plotted to determine if the test is abnormal. The exercise test can be used in the diagnosis of leg pain of uncertain etiology, to study the effects of medical or surgical treatment, and in the clinical investigation of the symptoms of intermittent claudication.
AIDS-Associated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in San Francisco
Authors: Lawrence D. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 84 patients diagnosed and treated at San Francisco General Hospital are presented herein. While the majority were high-grade B-cell lymphomas, one cutaneous T-cell and one peripheral T-cell lymphoma were observed. In addition, three other tumors were suspicious for T-cell lymphoma. Sixty-seven percent of patients had stage IV disease, often at unusual sites. Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences were identified in only five of 15 tumors by dot-blot analysis. Patients were treated with a variety of standard chemotherapeutic regimens, with radiation therapy alone, or with a novel chemotherapy protocol (COMET-A). No significant differences in complete response rates were observed. The most important predictor of survival was the total number of CD4-positive lymphocytes. Other predictors of survival included history of a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Karnofsky performance score, and the presence of extranodal disease. Survival was shorter among patients who received higher doses of cyclophosphamide (greater than 1 g/m2), including those treated with the COMET-A regimen. Implications for therapeutic decision making are discussed.
The role of toxicological interactions in lung injury.
Authors: H P Witschi, P J Hakkinen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Interactions between two or more toxic agents can produce lung damage by chemical-chemical interactions, chemical-receptor interactions or by modification, by a first agent, of the cell and tissue response to a second agent. Interactions may occur by simultaneous exposure and if exposure to the two agents is separated in time. Chemical-chemical interactions have been mostly studied in the toxicology of air pollutants, where it was shown that the untoward effect of certain oxidants may be enhanced in the presence of other aerosols. Interactions at the receptor site have been found in isolated perfused lung experiments. Oxygen tolerance may be an example, when pre-exposure to one concentration of oxygen mitigates later exposure to 100% oxygen by modifying cellular and enzymatic composition of the lung. Damage of the alveolar zone by the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) can be greatly enhanced by subsequent exposure to oxygen concentration which, otherwise, would have little if any demonstrable effect. The synergistic interaction between BHT and oxygen results in a resulting interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Acute or chronic lung disease may then be caused not only by one agent, but very likely in many instances by the interaction of several agents.