tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bee Sting Dysphagia
Authors: Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters1 June 1999Bee Sting DysphagiaGloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, PhD and Richard F. Hoffman, MDGloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, PhDU.S. Department of Agriculture; Tucson, AZ 85719 (DeGrandi-Hoffman)Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Tucson, AZ 85723 (Hoffman)Search for more papers by this author and Richard F. Hoffman, MDU.S. Department of Agriculture; Tucson, AZ 85719 (DeGrandi-Hoffman)Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Tucson, AZ 85723 (Hoffman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Shah and Tsang (1) report on a man who presented with dysphagia after drinking a soda that had been unattended outside for 2 hours. Endoscopic evaluation revealed an erythematous and edematous posterior pharynx with two lesions consistent with stings. The authors ascribed these stings to two “bees” that the patient regurgitated just before the procedure. The circumstance and clinical findings are more consistent with a yellowjacket sting. Yellowjackets are often misidentified as bees, as shown in a recent report (2, 3).Wasps, particularly yellowjackets, are commonly mistaken for bees but differ in structure and behavior. Wasps feed ...References1. Shah D, Tsang TK. Bee sting dysphagia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:253. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lynch JP, Rothstein RD. A gastric “bee-zoar” [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1763-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Sobonya RE, Schmidt JO. Not a “bee-zoar,” but a wasp [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:575. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Tucson, AZ 85719 (DeGrandi-Hoffman)Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Tucson, AZ 85723 (Hoffman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBee Sting Dysphagia Dhiren Shah and Tat-Kin Tsang Recent Advances in Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection Moderator: Jeffrey I. Cohen , Discussants: Philip A. Brunell , Stephen E. Straus , and Philip R. Krause Evaluating Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Can We Better Predict Heart Attacks? Paul M. Ridker Importance of Proper Identification of Stinging Insects H.C. George Wong Metrics Cited ByRecovery from AKI Following Multiple Wasp Stings: A Case SeriesInsects—HymenopteraHymenoptera StingsInsects—HymenopteraImportance of Proper Identification of Stinging InsectsH.C. George Wong, MD 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 943KeywordsAnaphylaxisBeesBehaviorDysphagiaLesionsPharynxPollenSmellVenoms Issue Published: 1 June 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
CAPS Acts at a Prefusion Step in Dense-Core Vesicle Exocytosis as a PIP2 Binding Protein
Authors: Ruslan N Grishanin, Judith A Kowalchyk, Vadim A Klenchin, Kyougsook Ann, Cynthia A Earles, Edwin R Chapman, Roy R.L Gerona, Thomas F.J Martin
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Smokers and Breast Cancer
Authors: Henry J. Lin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

What struck Archibald Garrod as black urine on a baby's diaper led to his book on inborn errors of metabolism (1909), viewed then as a small work on "obscure metabolic abnormalities."<sup>1,2</sup>More ignored, however, was his idea on disease predisposition and person-to-person variation in biochemical traits, or "chemical individuality" (1931): "[I]n every case of every malady there are two sets of factors at work in the formation of the morbid picture, namely internal or constitutional factors, inherent in the sufferer and usually inherited from his forebears, and external ones which fire the train."<sup>3</sup> See also p 1494. Therefore, Garrod probably would have been pleased to see the article on<i>N</i>-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2, or acetylator) enzymes, smoking, and breast cancer by Ambrosone et al<sup>4</sup>in this week's issue ofThe Journal, because it follows his way of thinking about disease predisposition. The article suggests that defective acetylator
Newborn Siblings in Families Known to Have Hereditary Disorders
Authors: George M. Guest
Journal: JAMA (1962)

DURING RECENT YEARS notable advances have been made in the prevention of mental retardation; particularly in the cases of phenylketonuria and galactosemia, detection, treatment, and management of the disorders have been improved. Early detection, followed by prompt and careful treatment, may prevent the severe mental retardation usually associated with both of these metabolic defects. It is particularly important that knowledge gained by research workers be brought to the attention of physicians who may first come in contact with the affected children. The management of newborn siblings of patients with phenylketonuria or galactosemia presents a special and immediate problem. Both conditions are inherited as a recessive trait. The risk to subsequent siblings in a family in which the disease is known to be present is 1 chance in 4, in contrast to the relatively low incidence in the general population. To obtain the best regimen for management of these high-risk individuals,
Antihepatoma activity of chaetocin due to deregulated splicing of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pre-mRNA in mice and in vitro
Authors: Yoon-Mi Lee, Ji-Hong Lim, Haejin Yoon, Yang-Sook Chun, Jong-Wan Park
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Chaetocin, an antibiotic produced by Chaetomium species fungi, was recently found to have antimyeloma activity. Here we examined whether chaetocin has anticancer activities against solid tumors. Chaetocin inhibited the growth of mouse and human hepatoma grafts in nude mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that chaetocin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and vessel formation in the tumors. Chaetocin also showed antiangiogenic anticancer activities in HIF-1α(+/+) fibrosarcoma grafted in mice, but not in HIF-1α(−/−) fibrosarcoma. Biochemical analyses showed that chaetocin down-regulated HIF-1α and the transcripts of HIF-1 target genes including vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatoma tissues and in various hepatoma cell lines. Based on the reported literature, unsuccessful efforts were made to determine the mechanism underlying the action of chaetocin. Unexpectedly, chaetocin was found to cause the accumulation of HIF-1α premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) but to reduce mature mRNA levels in hepatoma cells and tissues. Such an effect of chaetocin was not observed in cell lines derived from normal cells, and was cell type-dependent even among cancer cell lines. Conclusions : Our results suggest that chaetocin could be developed as an anticancer agent to target HIF-1 in some cancers including hepatoma. It is also suggested that the HIF-1α pre-mRNA splicing is a novel therapeutic target for controlling HIF-1-mediated pathological processes. (Hepatology 2011;.)
Phytanoyl–Coenzyme a Hydroxylase Deficiency — The Enzyme Defect in Refsum's Disease
Authors: Gerbert A. Jansen, Ronald J.A. Wanders, Paul A. Watkins, Stephanie J. Mihalik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis was first identified as a distinct clinical entity by Refsum in the 1940s. Patients with this disorder usually present in the second decade of...
Korean scientists clone 30 human embryos
Authors: Tim Radford
Journal: BMJ (2004)

South Korean scientists based at the Seoul National University stirred up a storm worldwide last week when they announced in the online edition of the journal Science that theyhad derived a line of pluripotent embryo stem cells from one of 30 cloned blastocysts created by somatic cell nuclear transfer. In other words, they had created the first human cloned embryos (www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1094515).

Until last week, the consensus among cloning scientists had been that humans—and other primates—might prove much more difficult to clone than mice or sheep.

The team was …
Killer weekends: can we do something?
Authors: N. Dutt, K. Chaudhry
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

Barba et al. [1] touched on the sensitive issue of the “weekend effect”. There is no dearth of studies concluding that there is a relative lack of care on weekends. The main reasons for the weekend effect are staff shortage [2], relatively junior staff, lack of supervision, weekend covering staff not familiar with the case [3] and relatively tired staff after a whole week of work. …
Walt Whitman and Sir William Osier: A Poet and His Physician
Authors: Gerald F. Tremblay
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Walt Whitman was 65 years old in 1884, living in Camden, NJ, across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pa. Several years earlier he had suffered the first of a series of strokes. William Osler had just moved to Philadelphia that year. Dr William Bucke, a Canadian psychiatrist and friend of Osler's, asked him to visit the poet, but Osler was not sure who Whitman was. He later recalled Dr. Bucke's praise, in which he put Whitman in the same league as "Darwin, Buddha and Mahomet." After taking the ferry from Philadelphia to Camden, Osler found the poet's house on Mickle Street jampacked with books, papers, newspapers, envelopes, scraps, bits of string, and other literary litter covering every surface. It was nearly impossible for the doctor to navigate to the poet, who, in flowing white hair and beard, peeked over mounds of paper. After meeting Whitman and recalling Dr Bucke's praise,
Glucose and Insulin Secretory Response Patterns Following Diet and Tolazamide Therapy in Diabetes
Authors: J. R. Turtle
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Glucose and insulin secretory response patterns during glucose tolerance tests were determined in 28 maturity-onset diabetics, and the sequential effects of diet and a sulphonylurea, tolazamide, were assessed. Untreated diabetics showed hyperglycaemia, increased serum immunoreactive insulin response patterns, delayed insulin release, and relative insulin deficiency. Diet alone partially corrected the hyperglycaemia and serum immunoreactive insulin response but had no effect on the delayed insulin release or relative insulin deficiency. Tolazamide plus diet restored all values towards normal. The net effect of maintenance tolazamide therapy was to (1) restore the insulin secretory response pattern to normal, (2) reduce total pancreatic insulin output, and (3) improve the efficiency of insulin secretion. The results suggest that there is a rational basis for the use of sulphonylurea in all maturity-onset diabetics, including patients with mild carbohydrate intolerance and those who are apparently controlled by diet alone.
Esophageal Leukoplakia
Authors: Barry R. Herschman, Varin Uppaputhangkule, Luis Maas, Eugene Gelzayd
Journal: JAMA (1978)

TRUE esophagel leukoplakia has not been convincingly recognized during endoscopy as a clinical entity. Glycogenic acanthosis, which grossly resembles leukoplakia, has been frequently encountered at endoscopy and autopsy.<sup>1,2</sup> We report a case of true esophageal leukoplakia due to hyperkeratosis without glycogenic acanthosis. To date this apparently benign condition has not been reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Heartburn with regurgitation after meals developed in a 43-year-old cigarette smoker in 1973. Past medical and family history for gastrointestinal disease was unrevealing. The results of a physical examination were entirely unremarkable, including absence of oral or anal leukoplakia or keratosis palmaris et plantaris (tylosis). An initial upper gastrointestinal series showed slight narrowing of the distal esophageal lumen. At esophagoscopy, a 3-cm, sliding-type hiatal hernia with slight narrowing of the distal esophagus was observed in addition to free reflux of gastric contents into the lower esophagus. The esophageal mucosa appeared normal. However, on close
The Diastolic Pulmonary Gradient Does Not Predict Survival in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
Authors: Emmanouil Tampakakis, Peter J. Leary, Van N. Selby, Teresa De Marco, Thomas P. Cappola, G. Michael Felker, Stuart D. Russell, Edward K. Kasper, Ryan J. Tedford
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Screening for steatorrhoea with an oxalate loading test.
Authors: D S Rampton, A D McCullough, J S Sabbat, J R Salisbury, F V Flynn, M Sarner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

La mesure des graisses dans les matieres fecales peut etre remplacee par le dosage de l'excretion urinaire d'oxalate apres administration d'une dose calculee 2 j de suite (la steatorrhee etant liee a l'hyperoxalurie par absorption excessive de l'oxalate). Resultats satisfaisants de ce nouveau test, essaye sur 50 malades
Modulation of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity in Human Cytomegalovirus Infection: The Role of Endogenous Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex and a Viral Class I Homolog
Authors: Clement C. Leong, Tara L. Chapman, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Danuska Formankova, Edward S. Mocarski, Joseph H. Phillips, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in early immune responses against certain viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV causes downregulation of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in infected cells; however, it has been proposed that a class I MHC homolog encoded by CMV, UL18, may act as a surrogate ligand to prevent NK cell lysis of CMV-infected cells. In this study, we examined the role of UL18 in NK cell recognition and lysis using fibroblasts infected with either wild-type or UL18 knockout CMV virus, and by using cell lines transfected with the UL18 gene. In both systems, the expression of UL18 resulted in the enhanced killing of target cells. We also show that the enhanced killing is due to both UL18-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and that the killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors for MHC class I do not play a role in affecting susceptibility of CMV-infected fibroblasts to NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity.
Impaired bile flow and disordered hepatic calcium homeostasis are early features of halothane-induced liver injury in guinea pigs
Authors: L Frost, J Mahoney, J Field, G C Farrell
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To characterize the early events in liver injury produced by halothane, experiments were performed in genetically susceptible guinea pigs 19 hours after halothane exposure. Serum bile acid concentrations were fourfold increased in halothane-exposed animals compared with controls. In isolated perfused liver experiments, livers from halothane-exposed animals did not differ in hepatic oxygen uptake or in perfusion pressure at the end of experiments, but bile flow and biliary bile salt concentrations were reduced. Hepatic calcium content was increased in halothane-exposed guinea pigs compared with controls, and further experiments were performed to explore the reason for this. As determined by infusion of 45Ca to steady-state perfusate concentrations, hepatic calcium clearance was increased in halothane-exposed guinea pigs compared with controls (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.28 ± 0.02 mL/min, P &lt; .01). Decreased biliary excretion of calcium was also noted and was entirely attributable to reduced bile flow. However, although decreased excretion contributed to hepatic accumulation of calcium, it was quantitatively less important than enhanced hepatic uptake. As indicated by passage of a bolus of horseradish peroxidase from perfusate into bile, hepatic tight junction permeability was increased five-fold after halothane exposure. It is concluded that cholestasis, as exemplified by reduced bile flow, is an early feature of the liver injury produced by halothane in guinea pigs and is associated with increased tight junction permeability. Although the decrease in bile flow contributes to an early increase in hepatic calcium content, entry of calcium from the perfusion compartment is quantitatively more important.
Irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population.
Authors: V. Illangasekera, M. S. Wijesundera
Journal: BMJ (1988)

also by their total inabilitv to inform them of this communication gap, let alone to tune in on the same wavelength as the doctor.It was Isocrates who once said, "The proper use of language (speech) is the most substantial index of sound thinking."Is there no w.ay of comparing a
Plasma native and peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin responses to restraint stress in rats. Adaptation to repeated restraint.
Authors: K Pierzchala, G R Van Loon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Met-enkephalin and related proenkephalin A-derived peptides circulate in plasma at picomolar concentration as free, native pentapeptide and at nanomolar concentration in cryptic forms. We have optimized conditions for measurement of immunoreactive Met-enkephalin in plasma and for generation by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B of much greater amounts of total peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin in plasma of rats, dogs, and humans. Free Met-enkephalin (11 pM) is constituted by native pentapeptide and its sulfoxide. Characterization of plasma total Met-enkephalin derived by peptidic hydrolysis revealed a small amount (38 pM) of Met-enkephalin associated with peptides of molecular mass less than 30,000 D, and probably derived from proenkephalin A, but much larger amounts of Met-enkephalin associated with albumin (1.2 nM) and with a globulin-sized protein (2.8 nM). Thus, plasma protein precursors for peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin differ structurally and chemically from proenkephalin A. Met-enkephalin generated from plasma by peptidic hydrolysis showed naloxone-reversible bioactivity comparable to synthetic Met-enkephalin. Prolonged exposure of adult, male rats to restraint stress produced biphasic plasma responses, with peaks occurring at 30 s and 30 min in both free native and total peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin. Repeated daily exposure to this 30-min stress resulted in adaptive loss of responses of both forms to acute restraint. Initial plasma responses of Met-enkephalin paralleled those of epinephrine and norepinephrine, but subsequently showed divergence of response. In conclusion, Met-enkephalin circulates in several forms, some of which may be derived from proteins other than proenkephalin A, and plasma levels of both free native, and peptidase-derivable Met-enkephalin are modulated physiologically.
403. Defined Vector Substrates Used To Probe rAAV DNA Integration
Authors: Douglas M. McCarty, Vivian Choi, Alda Fernandes, R.J. Samulski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have previously used specifically oriented self-complementary rAAV (scAAV) vectors to quantify the dynamics of vector DNA circle and concatemer formation in cultured cells. We have now extended these studies to the dynamics of vector DNA integration. Consistent with earlier studies, rAAV vectors integrated at a rate of approximately one per 1000 infectious units (IU). The infectous titers of single-stranded rAAV (ssAAV) and scAAV vectors were both measured using the replication center assay, which minimizes the differences between the two through the effects of the helper adenovirus on second-strand DNA synthesis. In a comparison of ssAAV to scAAV, we found that both yielded the same number of integrations per IU. This was surprising, given that the scAAV yields 5-50 fold higher transductions per IU, and implies either that ssAAV genomes that have undergone conversion to double-strand DNA are primed for integration, or that integration can be initiated using a single-strand vector genome as substrate. The ssAAV and scAAV vectors were also evaluated for the ratio of concatemeric to monomeric integrations using a split-GFP reporter that required concatemer formation to express the marker gene from the linear proviral state. Approximately 20% of integrated scAAV genomes, and 6% of integrated ssAAV genomes, were concatemeric, although concatemers comprised only 2% of the scAAV episomal forms. This suggested that either the concatemers were 10-fold more likely to integrate than monomoers, or that the monomeric forms were amplified by replication during or after the integration process. The latter hypothesis was tested by co-infecting cells with pairs of scAAV vectors, each containing half of the marker gene, such that genome amplification could not lead to gene expression. We found that the previously observed number of integrated concatemers could be accounted for by vector genomes joined end-to-end prior to integration, suggesting that amplification was not a significant factor. The implications of these studies for gene therapy are that the scAAV vector will result in fewer integrations per transducing unit than the single-strand vector, and that high multiplicities of infection that promote concatemer formation may also lead to disproportionately higher rates of integration.
Epidemiology study of the use of asbestos-cement pipe for the distribution of drinking water in Escambia County, Florida.
Authors: J R Millette, G F Craun, J A Stober, D F Kraemer, H G Tousignant, E Hildago, R L Duboise, J Benedict
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Cancer mortality for the population census tracts of Escambia County, FL, which use asbestos-cement (AC) pipe for public potable water distribution, was compared with cancer mortality data collected from census tracts in the same county where other types of piping materials are used. An analysis of covariance was run to test for differences in standard mortality ratios for seven cancer sites among three potential asbestos exposure groups based on AC pipe usage. Twelve variables representing nonexposure-related influences on disease rates were combined in four independent factors and used as covariates in these analyses. No evidence for an association between the use of AC pipe for carrying drinking water and deaths due to gastrointestinal and related cancers was found. The limitations on the sensitivity of the analysis are discussed.
Control and Treatment of Diphtheria
Authors: R. Rendu
Journal: BMJ (1947)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Surface-associated lifestyles dominate in the bacterial world. Large multicellular assemblies, called biofilms, are essential to the survival of bacteria in harsh environments, and are closely linked to antibiotic resistance in pathogenic strains. Biofilms stem from the surface colonization of a wide variety of substrates encountered by bacteria, from living tissues to inert materials. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that the promiscuous opportunistic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> explores substrates differently based on their rigidity, leading to striking variations in biofilm structure, exopolysaccharides (EPS) distribution, strain mixing during co-colonization and phenotypic expression. Using simple kinetic models, we show that these phenotypes arise through a mechanical interaction between the elasticity of the substrate and the type IV pilus (T4P) machinery, that mediates the surface-based motility called twitching. Together, our findings reveal a new role for substrate softness in the spatial organization of bacteria in complex microenvironments, with far-reaching consequences on efficient biofilm formation.
Combined mexiletine and propranolol treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: E B Leahey, R H Heissenbuttel, E G Giardina, J T Bigger
Journal: BMJ (1980)

investigation of cot deaths.They showed pronounced focal infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells, particularly around small ducts.The submucosa of the larynx, trachea, and nasopharynx was also infiltrated with these cells, and there were scattered interstitial aggregates of lymphoid cells in the skeletal muscle.The cause of the acute myocarditis was established when mumps virus was isolated from the myocardium, and an impression smear of the myocardium tested by indirect immunofluorescence showed mumps virus antigen.On retesting, mumps virus was again isolated from the heart.No virus was isolated from a nasopharyngeal aspirate, the lungs, or faeces, and bacteriological and biochemical investigations showed no other abnormalities.0 0 j.::