tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-poisoning with drugs: the past 20 years in Sheffield.
Authors: D I Jones
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In Sheffield there are now over 1000 admissions to hospital each year because of self-poisoning, an increase of twentyfold over the past two decades. The city is representative of the Trent Region, and it can be confidently estimated that there are at least 100 000 cases of self-poisoning in the United Kingdom each year. Most patients are in their late teens and early twenties, and in young women self-poisoning is the most common cause of emergency admission to a medical ward. Although the drugs are usually prescribed by a doctor, patients, especially the young, are showing an increasing tendency to misappropriate drugs prescribed for others. The choice of drug is a matter of simple availability, and national trends in prescribing are reflected in the overdose figures. Barbiturates and paracetamol are responsible for the most deaths. Residence in densely populated areas may be a predisposing factor.
World still faces big challenges in meeting millennium development goals, says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The world has made major progress to reduce extreme poverty but won’t fulfil the United Nations’ eight millennium development goals by 2015, a UN report says. Sustained efforts are needed to ensure that advances in combating hunger, child mortality, and HIV and AIDS and other diseases are maintained, it says.

“The economic slowdown will diminish the incomes of the poor; the food crisis will raise the number of hungry people in the world and push millions more into poverty; climate change will have a disproportionate impact on the poor,” said Ban Ki-moon, the UN’s secretary general, in the report’s foreword.

The mid-term assessment of progress says that the number of people living in absolute poverty has fallen from 1.8 billion to 1.4 billion, and it estimates that the 1990 global poverty rate …
EFFECT OF PREPUBERTY CASTRATION ON SUBSEQUENT CANCER IMPLANTATION
Authors: James B. Murphy, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Male and female mice castrated during the first 7 weeks of life and implanted with cancer at later periods show a resistance definitely higher than do intact animals of the same age. This increased refractiveness is evident at 3 months after the operation but is more pronounced at 8 months to a year. Even castration in early adult life seems to increase the refractory state to later cancer inoculation. On the other hand, adult mice inoculated within a week after castration show slight if any evidence of increased resistance.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgical Patients
Authors: Kent B Crossley, Linda Couch Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was prospectively evaluated in 1,021 surgical patients from 27 hospitals in metropolitan Minnesota. The majority of patients had undergone general surgical (23%), obstetric and gynecologic (13%), orthopedic (26%), and urologic (12%) procedures. One half of the courses of antibiotic prophylaxis were given to patients undergoing clean (class 1) surgery. Antibiotics were first administered in the four hours preceding the start of surgery in only 41% of the patients. The mean duration of prophylaxis was 3.4 days. About one third of the patients received prophylaxis for more than 72 hours; this group accounted for 65% of patient-days of antibiotic administration. More than one half of the patients received a cephalosporin. Analysis of patient charges suggests that 18% to 50% of the cost of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis might be saved by limiting the duration of drug administration.
Improved treatment results for childhood acute myeloid leukemia in Taiwan
Authors: D-C Liang, T-T Chang, K-H Lin, D-T Lin, M-Y Lu, S-H Chen, H-C Liu, M-T Lin, M-T Lee, S-G Shu, T-K Chang, J-S Chen, C-C Hsiao, I-J Hung, Y-L Hsieh, R-L Chen, S-N Cheng, W-H Chang, C-H Lee, K-S Lin
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Rapid polyclonal desensitization with antibodies to IgE and FcεRIα
Authors: Marat V. Khodoun, Zeynep Yesim Kucuk, Richard T. Strait, Durga Krishnamurthy, Kevin Janek, Ian Lewkowich, Suzanne C. Morris, Fred D. Finkelman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Denis Hubert Merrin
Authors: P. Merrin
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant chest physician Wirral (b Dun Laoghaire 1925; q Dublin 1948; FRCPI), died from prostate cancer on 17 September 2001.

After qualifying, he contracted tuberculosis but made a full recovery and became a ship's doctor working for the Blue Funnel Line merchant shipping company operating out of Birkenhead. His travels provided a rich source of tales for his children. He later moved to Middlesbrough and then the Wirral, where in 1966 he became a consultant chest physician. In retirement, after an initial burst of enthusiasm for travel, he became content to read and to potter around his garden. He leaves a wife, Betty; four children; and 11 grandchildren.
A Senile Concern With Terminal Mortality
Authors: Sidney Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I disagree with suggestions in two consecutive issues ofThe Journalthat we drop two good, clear words and replace them with euphemisms. Howard Schatz, MD (239:190, 1978), suggests that we find a more comforting word to replace "senile," and in an editorial in the preceding issue (239:138, 1978), B. J. Kennedy, MD, recommends that physicians drop the ominous word "terminal." I find both of these recommendations distressing. Dr Schatz wants to replace the word "senile" with "aging" or "maturity." Dr Schatz's sentiment is a laudatory sympathy for those who grow old. This does not justify the replacement of an essential word, no matter what its connotation, with a circumlocution. The devitalization of our language with euphemisms is an attempt to evade reality. Senility exists. Some diseases and conditions are senile. I am 64 years old and near or at the age when my body will evidence
Notes on Childhood Trauma
Authors: Lendon Snedeker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ON September 15, 1964, the Massachusetts statute requiring the reporting of suspected cases of physical injury in children under sixteen years of age went into effect. Physicians examining and treating such unfortunates were held responsible for notifying the Massachusetts Department of Public Welfare, and at the same time were given statutory immunity against libel and slander. Forms for reporting such incidents were made available by the Department, whose branch offices were to be notified of all suspicious cases. The number of cases anticipated and staffed for was approximately 500 a year, and the Department's Division of Child Guardianship was correspondingly . . .
Glucose Control in the Intensive Care Unit: A Roller Coaster Ride or a Swinging Pendulum?
Authors: Richard J. Comi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Many studies of tight control of blood glucose in critically ill patients are associated with poor outcomes. However, randomized studies of tight glucose control in patients admitted to coronary care or surgical intensive care units showed a reduction in mortality rates; supported by recommendations from professional organizations, many intensive care units implemented protocols for tight glucose control. More recent studies in medical intensive care units did not confirm the benefits of tight control, however, and the most recent study suggests that tight control increases mortality rates. Furthermore, tight control significantly increases episodes of hypoglycemia. The sum of the recent literature suggests that a degree of glucose control lies between the extremes of the adverse outcomes related to poor glucose control and those related to overly aggressive glucose control.
Class III antiarrhythmic agents have a lot of potential but a long way to go. Reduced effectiveness and dangers of reverse use dependence.
Authors: L M Hondeghem, D J Snyders
Journal: Circulation (1990)

With regard to currently available class III agents, although their class III effect may reduce the likelihood of tachycardia initiation, their reverse use-dependent prolongation of action potential duration reduces their effectiveness during tachycardias and may even render them proarrhythmic, especially after long diastolic intervals. In contrast, agents that exhibit normal use-dependent prolongation of refractoriness hold great promise: While having relatively less effects on the normal heart beat, they could induce self-termination of a tachycardia. Prolongation of refractoriness can be achieved by lengthening of action potential duration and delaying recovery of excitability. Combination of these drug actions may yield important clinical applications.
Comparison of Ultrasound and Cineangiographic Measurements of the Mean Rate of Circumferential Fiber Shortening in Man
Authors: RONALD H. COOPER, ROBERT A. O'ROURKE, JOEL S. KARLINER, KIRK L. PETERSON, GEORGE R. LEOPOLD
Journal: Circulation (1972)

It has been shown that cineangiographic measurement of the mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening (mean V CF ) at the minor left ventricular equator is a reliable method for evaluating the mechanics of cardiac performance. Since fiber shortening can be derived from the echocardiogram, we sought to validate the measurement of mean V CF by this noninvasive technic in patients studied by both methods. In 15 patients considered to have normal left ventricular function, the average mean V CF determined by ultrasound was 1.29 ± 0.23 circumferences/sec, while in the 13 patients with reduced left ventricular performance this value was 0.75 ± 0.16 circumferences/sec ( P &lt; 0.001). Values of mean V CF by the two technics were similar and separated normal from abnormal ventricular function in 27 of 28 patients. The average mean velocity of posterior wall motion was 4.7 ± 1.1 cm/sec in normal patients and 3.9 ± 1.3 cm/sec in abnormals, but posterior wall velocities did not correlate well with either ultrasound or cineangiographic determinations of mean V CF . Ejection fraction calculated from ultrasound measurements correlated significantly with the ejection fraction calculated by cineangiography (r = 0.83, P &lt; 0.0001). The ejection fraction and mean V CF , as determined by ultrasound in the 28 patients, correlated well (r = 0.92, P &lt; 0.0001), but there were six discordant points. From these studies we conclude that the ultrasound determination of mean V CF is a valid method for distinguishing normal from abnormal myocardial performance of the left ventricle. These data also support the use of ultrasound in determining ejection fraction. Estimation of posterior wall velocity, although perhaps useful in the serial study of the same patient, seems limited in its ability to assess cardiac performance accurately.
SIX1 induces lymphangiogenesis and metastasis via upregulation of VEGF-C in mouse models of breast cancer
Authors: Chu-An Wang, Paul Jedlicka, Aaron N. Patrick, Douglas S. Micalizzi, Kimberly C. Lemmer, Erin Deitsch, Matias Casás-Selves, J. Chuck Harrell, Heide L. Ford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

An association between lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer was observed decades ago. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells infiltrate the lymphatic system are not completely understood. Recently, it has been proposed that the lymphatic system has an active role in metastatic dissemination and that tumor-secreted growth factors stimulate lymphangiogenesis. We therefore investigated whether SIX1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor previously associated in breast cancer with lymph node positivity, was involved in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. In a model in which human breast cancer cells were injected into immune-compromised mice, we found that SIX1 expression promoted peritumoral and intratumoral lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic invasion, and distant metastasis of breast cancer cells. SIX1 induced transcription of the prolymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C, and this was required for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Using a mouse mammary carcinoma model, we found that VEGF-C was not sufficient to mediate all the metastatic effects of SIX1, indicating that SIX1 acts through additional, VEGF-C-independent pathways. Finally, we verified the clinical significance of this prometastatic SIX1/VEGF-C axis by demonstrating coexpression of SIX1 and VEGF-C in human breast cancer. These data define a critical role for SIX1 in lymphatic dissemination of breast cancer cells, providing a direct mechanistic explanation for how VEGF-C expression is upregulated in breast cancer, resulting in lymphangiogenesis and metastasis.
Bim, Bad, and Bax: a deadly combination in epileptic seizures
Authors: Jerome Niquet, Claude G. Wasterlain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Several Bcl-2 family members, including Bim, may contribute to programmed cell death by inducing mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which activates caspase-9 and then caspase-3, the "executioner" of the cell. In this issue of the JCI, Shinoda and collaborators show the key role of Bim in epileptic seizure–induced neuronal injury and identify the contribution of transcription factors responsible for seizure-induced Bim upregulation .
T cell leukemia-associated human Notch/translocation-associated Notch homologue has I kappa B-like activity and physically interacts with nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in T cells.
Authors: E Guan, J Wang, J Laborda, M Norcross, P A Baeuerle, T Hoffman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Translocation-associated Notch homologue (TAN-1), a gene originally cloned from the translocation breakpoint of a human T cell leukemia carrying a 9:7(q34.3) translocation, encodes a protein belonging to the Notch/Lin-12/Glp-1 receptor family. These receptors mediate the specification of numerous cell fates during development in invertebrates and vertebrates. The intracellular portion of Notch/TAN-1 contains six ankyrin repeats that are similar to those found in cytoplasmic I kappa B proteins. I kappa B proteins are specific inhibitors of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B/Rel transcription factors. Here we show that TAN-1 has functional properties of an I kappa B-like regulator with specificity for the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. A recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic portion of TAN-1 (TAN-1C) specifically inhibited the DNA binding of p50-containing NF-kappa B complexes. When overexpressed in an appropriate cell line, TAN-1C prevented kappa B-dependent transactivation in transient reporter gene assays in a fashion similar to the structurally related protein, Bcl-3. TAN-1C could activate kappa B-dependent gene expression by attenuating the inhibitory effect of an excess of p50 homodimers. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the TAN-1 from a T cell line is associated with NF-kappa B containing p50 and p65 subunits. These observations indicate that TAN-1C may directly engage NF-kappa B transcription factors and modulate nuclear gene expression.
Mifepristone (RU 486) Compared with High-Dose Estrogen and Progestogen for Emergency Postcoital Contraception
Authors: Anna Glasier, K.J. Thong, Maria Dewar, May Mackie, David T. Baird
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Mifepristone (RU 486) is a synthetic steroid with potent antiprogestational and antiglucocorticoid properties that provides an effective medical method of inducing abortion in early pregnancy. Since progesterone is essential for implantation, we tested the use of mifepristone for emergency postcoital contraception.
The Permanent Peritoneal Catheter
Authors: D.G. Oreopoulos
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Since the introduction of the permanent peritoneal catheter by Tenckhoff and Schechter, 1 chronic peritoneal dialysis has become an effective means of maintaining patients with renal failure, and this is well shown in the recent article by Rae and Pandray (225:937, 1973). Our experience is similar, and our first patient has now been receiving peritoneal dialysis for almost four years.  However, the main handicap of maintenance peritoneal dialysis, as the above authors have said, is that these patients  never... be rehabilitated. We would like to point out that this difficulty has now been overcome with the introduction of an automatic peritoneal dialysis cycler designed by Lasker et al. 2 Using this cycler, dialysis can be performed during sleep, which enables complete rehabilitation. We already have three men, working full time, who have been undergoing home peritoneal dialysis, with the above cycler, for periods of five, three,
Higher numbers than previously predicted could be incubating vCJD
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

More people in the United Kingdom than previously thought could be incubating the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), suggests new research.

An analysis of nearly 13 000 anonymised appendix and tonsil samples has found that prion proteins associated with vCJD had accumulated in three of them.

However, only one of the samples showed a pattern of prion accumulation that resembled that seen in tissue of known vCJD cases. The other two had different patterns of accumulation and their significance is uncertain, although they cannot be dismissed as unimportant, say researchers.

Extrapolating …
Enterobacter cloacae vertebral infection in a heroin addict with HIV infection.
Authors: S Marce, J F Antoine, T Schaeverbeke, J P Vernhes, B Bannwarth, J Dehais
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Enterobacter cloacae vertebral infection in a heroin addict with HIV infection Sir; We read with interest the recent case reported by Solans et al concerning an infectious discitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae.'We would like to report a similar case in an intravenous drug abuser with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
TCT-432 Angiographic Characteristics according to Acetylcholine Dose Responsible for Significant Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: Woong Gil Choi, Seung-Woon Rha, Soo Hyun Kim, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Sung Il Im, Sun Won Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seong Woo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Breast cancer in men: Evidence suggests preoperative work up is suboptimal
Authors: P. J Westenend
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Perkins and Middleton point out that treatment of breast cancer in men may be suboptimal.1 The diagnostic work up is also a problem and not mentioned by the authors. Jobse and I recently evaluated our experience with fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy procedures in male breast lesions.2 …
Influence of Mitochondrial Inhibition on Global and Local [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> in Rat Tail Artery
Authors: Karl Swärd, Karl Dreja, Anders Lindqvist, Erik Persson, Per Hellstrand
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Inhibition of oxidative metabolism is often found to decrease contractility of systemic vascular smooth muscle, but not to reduce global [Ca 2+ ] i . In the present study, we probe the hypothesis that it is associated with an altered pattern of intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations (waves) influencing force development. In the rat tail artery, mitochondrial inhibitors (rotenone, antimycin A, and cyanide) reduced α 1 -adrenoceptor–stimulated force by 50% to 80%, but did not reduce global [Ca 2+ ] i . Less relaxation (about 30%) was observed after inhibition of myosin phosphatase activity with calyculin A, suggesting that part of the metabolic sensitivity involves the regulation of myosin 20-kDa light chain phosphorylation, although no decrease in phosphorylation was found in freeze-clamped tissue. Confocal imaging revealed that the mitochondrial inhibitors increased the frequency but reduced the amplitude of asynchronous cellular Ca 2+ waves elicited by α 1 stimulation. The altered wave pattern, in association with increased basal [Ca 2+ ] i , accounted for the unchanged global [Ca 2+ ] i . Inhibition of glycolytic ATP production by arsenate caused similar effects on Ca 2+ waves and global [Ca 2+ ] i , developing gradually in parallel with decreased contractility. Inhibition of wave activity by the InsP 3 receptor antagonist 2-APB correlated closely with relaxation. Furthermore, abolition of waves with thapsigargin in the presence of verapamil reduced force by about 50%, despite unaltered global [Ca 2+ ] i , suggesting that contraction may at least partly depend on Ca 2+ wave activity. This study therefore indicates that mitochondrial inhibition influences Ca 2+ wave activity, possibly due to a close spatial relationship of mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and that this contributes to metabolic vascular relaxation.
The clinical importance of 'weathering' in human hair
Authors: Arthur Rook
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article The clinical importance of ‘weathering’ in human hair Get access Arthur Rook Arthur Rook Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 1, 1 July 1976, Pages 111–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15545.x Published: 01 July 1976
Potential Short-Term Economic Benefits of Improved Glycemic Control
Authors: Joseph Menzin, Clare Langley-Hawthorne, Mark Friedman, Luke Boulanger, Robert Cavanaugh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

There are limited data relating glycemic control to medical costs among patients with diabetes. The goal of this study was to examine the potential impact of improved glycemic control on selected short-term complications of diabetes and associated costs in a managed care setting.Using a retrospective cohort design and automated databases from January 1994 to 30 June 1998, adult members of the Fallon Clinic who were diagnosed with diabetes were identified and assigned to one of three study groups based on each patient's mean HbA1c level: good control (<8%), fair control (8-10%), and poor control (> 10%) groups. Inpatient (hospital or skilled nursing facility) admissions for selected acute (short-term) complications, represented by selected infections, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte disturbances, and the associated medical charges were evaluated across the three HbA1c groups. Multivariate analyses were used to control for differences in several potential confounding factors among the study groups. All findings were expressed on a 3-year basis.Of 2,394 patients with diabetes, approximately 10% (251) had at least one inpatient stay for a short-term complication, accounting for 447 admissions. Over 3 years, the adjusted rate of inpatient treatment ranged from 13 per 100 patients with good glycemic control to 16 per 100 patients with fair glycemic control and 31 per 100 patients with poor glycemic control (P < 0.05). The corresponding mean adjusted charges were approximately $970, $1,380, and $3,040, respectively Among the 30% of the study population with long-term diabetic complications, the results were more marked; the adjusted admissions per 100 patients (mean charges) were estimated to be 30 ($2,610), 38 ($3,810), and 74 ($8,320) over 3 years for patients with an HbA1c of <8, 8-10, and > 10%, respectively.In typical practice, better glycemic control is associated with a reduced rate of admission for selected short-term complications and, therefore, reduced medical charges for these complications over a 3-year period. The potential short-term economic benefits are important to consider when making decisions regarding the adoption and use of new interventions for the management of diabetes.