tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxic metal contamination of folk remedy
Authors: F. D'Alauro
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Cases of lead 1 and, more recently, arsenic 2 poisoning have been reported in which it was felt that traditional folk medicine was the source of the poison.  We recently obtained two samples of a traditional medicine called pay-loo-ah (commonly used for fever) from a refugee camp in Thailand at which Highland Lao (Hmong and Mien) refugees are processed before being sent to the United States and other countries. Interestingly, neither sample contained lead, but both contained small amounts of mercury and arsenic (0.01% and 0.03%, respectively).  Health care providers should be aware of folk medicine as a possible source of mercury as well as arsenic and lead poisoning in their Southeast Asian patients, especially in the two Highland Lao groups, the Hmong and the Mien.
Angiotensin II stimulates sodium-hydrogen exchange in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes
Authors: H. Matsui, W. H Barry, C. Livsey, K. W Spitzer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to characterise the effects of angiotensin II on Na+/H+ exchange in adult ventricular myocytes.Intracellular pH (pHi) was continuously measured with the fluorescent pH indicator, SNARF-1, in single resting myocytes obtained from adult rabbits by enzymatic dissociation. In some experiments cells were electrically paced to elicit contractions. All experiments were performed at 36 degrees C in HEPES buffered solution containing no added CO2 or HCO3- (pHo 7.4).Rapid application of angiotensin II caused pHi to rise. The initial rate of rise and initial net H+ efflux responded to angiotensin II in a concentration dependent manner, EC50 = 7.8. Buffering of cytosolic calcium with the calcium chelator BAPTA did not affect the initial net H+ efflux elicited by 1 microM angiotensin II. The increase in steady state pHi was blocked by inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange, amiloride (1 mM) and EIPA (10 microM). Angiotensin II also increased the rate of pHi recovery from intracellular acidosis at pHi values above approximately 6.9. During inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange the application of angiotensin II decreased steady state pHi. This acidosis was blocked by preincubation in dextrose-free solution containing 20.0 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 10 microM EIPA. The positive inotropic effect of angiotensin II was markedly suppressed by amiloride.Angiotensin II exerts a concentration dependent stimulatory effect on Na+/H+ exchange in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. This effect does not appear to involve changes in cytosolic calcium. During inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange, angiotensin II causes pHi to fall, perhaps by stimulating metabolic acid production. The positive inotropic action of angiotensin II depends, in part, on stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange.
Cytokine signal transduction is suppressed in preselection double-positive thymocytes and restored by positive selection
Authors: Qing Yu, Jung-Hyun Park, Loretta L. Doan, Batu Erman, Lionel Feigenbaum, Alfred Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Death by neglect requires that CD4+8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes avoid cytokine-mediated survival signals, which is presumably why DP thymocytes normally extinguish IL-7R gene expression. We report that DP thymocytes before positive selection (preselection DP thymocytes) fail to transduce IL-7 signals even when they express high levels of transgenic IL-7R on their surface, because IL-7R signal transduction is actively suppressed in preselection DP thymocytes by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)–1. SOCS-1 is highly expressed in preselection DP thymocytes, but it is down-regulated by T cell receptor–mediated positive selection signals. Interestingly, we found that the uniquely small cell volume of DP thymocytes is largely the result of absent IL-7 signaling in preselection DP thymocytes. We also report that, contrary to current concepts, preselection DP thymocytes express high levels of endogenously encoded IL-4Rs. However, their ability to transduce cytokine signals is similarly suppressed by SOCS-1. Thus, despite high surface expression of transgenic or endogenous cytokine receptors, cytokine signal transduction is actively suppressed in preselection DP thymocytes until it is restored by positive selection.
Monounsaturated Fat–Rich Diet Prevents Central Body Fat Distribution and Decreases Postprandial Adiponectin Expression Induced by a Carbohydrate-Rich Diet in Insulin-Resistant Subjects
Authors: Karen Z. Walker, Kerin O’Dea
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We were interested in the demonstration by Paniagua et al. (1) that in obese insulin-resistant individuals, high-carbohydrate diets but not high-fat diets (either high monounsaturated [MUFA] or high saturated [SFA]) are associated with some redistribution of fat mass to abdominal rather than peripheral deposits. Their study confirms our earlier findings with high-carbohydrate and high-MUFA diets in people with type 2 diabetes …
Review: Antiplatelet therapy does not reduce mortality in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bernard G. Jaar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Palmer SC, Di Micco L, Razavian M, et al. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on mortality and cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes in persons with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:445-59. 22431677
Markers of Platelet Activation Are Increased in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sara J. Israels, Archibald McNicol, Heather J. Dean, Fabrice Cognasse, Elizabeth A.C. Sellers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

In adults with diabetes, in vivo platelet activation is a marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This pilot study investigated whether adolescents with diabetes had evidence of increased in vivo platelet activation.In vivo platelet activation was compared in four groups of age-matched adolescents: type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 15), type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 15), control subjects with normal BMI (n = 14), and overweight/obese control subjects (n = 13). Platelet surface activation markers and plasma levels of soluble activation markers were measured and compared among groups.Increased expression of all activation markers was observed in T2D compared with either control group (P < 0.05); levels of soluble markers were also higher in T2D than in T1D (P < 0.05). There were no differences in marker expression between the nondiabetic control groups.Platelet activation in adolescents with T2D may be a marker for the risk of CVD development in early adulthood.
Risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from patients to surgeons: model based on an unlinked anonymous study of hepatitis C virus prevalence in hospital patients in Glasgow
Authors: D Thorburn
Journal: Gut (2003)

The risk of a surgeon acquiring the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through occupational exposure is dependent on the prevalence of HCV infection in the patient population, the probability of a percutaneous injury transmitting HCV, and the incidence of percutaneous injury during surgery.To estimate the prevalence of HCV infection in the adult surgical patient population in North Glasgow and thereafter estimate the risk of HCV transmission to surgeons through occupational exposure.The prevalence of HCV infection was estimated through the unlinked anonymous testing of samples from male surgical patients, aged 16-49 years, in two North Glasgow hospitals from 1996 to 1997, and adjusting these data for age and sex. Using published estimates of the incidence of percutaneous injury during surgery and percutaneous injury transmitting HCV, the risk of occupational transmission of HCV to surgeons was then derived.The estimated prevalence of anti-HCV infection for all adult patients in the two hospitals combined was 1.4% (cardiothoracic/cardiology 0.8%, orthopaedics/rheumatology 1.4%, general surgery/ENT 2.0%). The estimated probability of HCV transmission from an HCV infected patient to an uninfected surgeon was 0.001-0.032% per annum (0.035-1.12% risk over a 35 year professional career).The risk of an individual surgeon acquiring HCV through occupational exposure is low, even in an area with an extremely high prevalence of HCV among its injecting drug using population. Surgeons however should be encouraged to observe universal precautions and present for assessment after needlestick injuries to protect themselves and their patients from this insidious infection.
Islet Amyloid, Islet-Amyloid Polypeptide, and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: K H Johnson, T D O'Brien, C Betsholtz, P Westermark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Islet-amyloid deposits, which are a common feature of Type II diabetes mellitus, are derived from the polymerization of a putative hormone identified as IAPP. IAPP is synthesized by normal islet beta cells and probably is cosecreted with insulin. Although the physiologic function of IAPP and its role in the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes mellitus are just beginning to be unraveled, IAPP may play an important part in the development of this most common form of diabetes mellitus by opposing the action of insulin in peripheral tissues. The polymerization of IAPP to form extracellular islet-amyloid deposits may further contribute to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus by destroying islet cells and by disrupting the passage of glucose and hormones to and from them. Substantial evidence indicates that the propensity of IAPP to polymerize and form extracellular amyloid deposits in only certain species (e.g., humans, cats, and raccoons) is directly associated with an intrinsically amyloidogenic part of the molecule--i.e., positions 20 through 29 of IAPP. The inherent amyloidogenicity of IAPP in these species may be further facilitated by increased beta-cell production of IAPP, leading to a high local concentration that predisposes to polymerization. The latter possibility is supported by studies demonstrating that IAPP production by islet beta cells is increased in normoglycemic cats with impaired glucose tolerance. Although increased production of IAPP may initially cause insulin resistance, prolonged overproduction of IAPP may ultimately impair insulin secretion by leading to the progressive deposition of insoluble islet amyloid, a finding apparent in most subjects with overt diabetes. If, as these studies suggest, increased IAPP production is linked to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus, further studies must address the genetic and nongenetic factors that influence this important biologic change in humans and some animal species.
Reply to M. Fujishiro
Authors: C. Katada, M. Muto
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Fujishiro et al. suggest CT with abdominal ultrasonography at least every 3 months during the 1st year after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of m3 lesions. This is a very important suggestion because endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)/ESD for early gastrointestinal cancer should be curative for patients with absolute indications for this treatment. As EMR/ESD has widely been performed [1], it is a matter of concern that there are a number of cases in which postoperative diagnosis of the lesions showed that they were not among those for which EMR/ESD is absolutely indicated - preoperative diagnosis is not always accurate. Our study showed that patients with histologically confirmed m3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (m3-ESCC) had a 5-year survival rate at 95 % if they were diagnosed as N0M0 on the basis of thorough preoperative examinations [2]. This implies that follow-up without additional treatment could be the treatment option for patients with m3-ESCC, because they have a low risk of lymph node metastasis.
Aortic Valve Leaflet Motion during Systole
Authors: W. MILTON SWANSON, RICHARD E. CLARK
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

An approximate numerical-graphical solution was made for the motion of a human aortic valve leaflet in a meridional plane through the center of the sinus of Valsalva. The observed buckling, whipping action of the leaflet was obtained. Of primary significance in the results was the location and the determination of the maximum curvature of the leaflet in this plane, since this point corresponds to the point of maximum fatigue bending stress. The approximate dimensionless curvature was on the order of 3.5 (referred to the aortic diameter) at a dimensionless radial location of 0.55-0.6. The most important feature determining leaflet curvature and motion was the initial contour shape. The initial shape of a normal human leaflet produces smaller curvatures than the curved shapes usually illustrated for aortic valves.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessing coronary artery disease after transplantation in children
Authors: Ranae L Larsen, Patricia M Applegate, Daniel A Dyar, Paulo A Ribeiro, Sharon D Fritzsche, Neda F Mulla, Girish S Shirali, Micheal A Kuhn, Richard E Chinnock, Pravin M Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population
Authors: Xiaohua Li, Qingchuan Zhao, Kaichun Wu, Daiming Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read, with great interest, the article by Sookoian et al. reporting on when after having performed a systematic review by a meta-analysis, they found that the I148M variant of PNPLA3 can be used as a risk marker for predicting susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).1 Here, we would like to draw attention to our similar studies between rs738409 in PNPLA3 and NAFLD in the Chinese population and that we found significant associations between rs738409 and NAFLD. Recent genome-wide association studies revealed that the genetic variation, rs738409 (I148M), in PNPLA3 influences NAFLD and plasma levels of liver enzymes.2-4 However, the association of rs738409 with the development and severity of NAFLD in the Chinese population has not yet been reported. We tested the association of histologic NAFLD with the I148M variant of PNPLA3 in 112 patients of NAFLD and 120 matched controls in our department. Our results showed that in the Chinese population, individuals harboring the G allele of rs738409 were susceptible to NAFLD, and that rs738409 was associated with the histological fibrosis stage. PNPLA3 may be involved in the progression of fibrosis in NAFLD. Our results showed that the rs738409 G allele in PNPLA3 was significantly associated with increased odds of histologic NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.98-6.71). After analysis of the association between the G allele of rs738409 in PNPLA3 and the steatosis grade, we found that there was not an association (P > 0.05). Furthermore, we also did not observe any association of this variant with body mass index, triglyceride levels, high- and low-density lipoprotein levels, or diabetes (P > 0.05). Generally, our research results are very similar to Prof. Sookoian's previous report. In summary, our data highlight three points. First, we show that genetic variation at PNPLA3 confers a markedly increased risk of increasingly severe histological features of NAFLD, not only limited to European populations. Second, our research sample size is small and only a single central research, and this did not allow us to get the better results, compared with Prof. Sookoian's report. Third, although the genotypes of different geographic and ethnic factors may have a significant effect on the above results, we still want to say that the I148M variant of PNPLA3 can be used as a risk marker for predicting the susceptibility and histological severity of NAFLD in the Chinese population. Xiaohua Li Ph.D., M.D.*, Qingchuan Zhao Ph.D. M.D.*, Kaichun Wu Ph.D., M.D.*, Daiming Fan Ph.D., M.D.*, * Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, Xi'an, China.
Adherence to recommendations for early repeat cervical smear tests.
Authors: H. Mitchell, G. Medley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess adherence to recommendations for an early repeat cervical smear test in women with reports of cytological abnormalities, and to evaluate the impact of reminder letters to medical practitioners when such smear tests are overdue. DESIGN--Observational study. SETTING--Cytology (gynaecological) service for Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS--Two groups of women who had abnormal cervical smears during 1985. Women in group A had some evidence of an important dysplasia and were advised to have a repeat smear in three months9 time whereas women in group B had a less serious abnormality and were advised to have a repeat smear test in six months9 time. In all, 971 of the 1036 women in group A and 1401 of the 1464 women in group B were eligible to have a repeat smear analysed by the service. INTERVENTION--If a repeat smear had not been received within three months of the recommended date a reminder letter generated by the service9s computer was sent to the medical practitioner who had taken the smear. END POINT--Thirty six months after the report on the abnormal smear was issued. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--In all, 870 (90%) of the women in group A and 1154 (82%) of the women in group B had a repeat smear test. The mean time to a repeat test was 3.0 months (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 16.4) in group A and 6.0 months (1.2 to 30.3) in group B. The reminder letter to the practitioner potentially increased the rate of return for a repeat smear test by 18% in group A and 24% in group B. Adherence to the recommendation for a repeat test increased with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS--Achieving high rates of follow up smear tests and appropriate management in women with cytological abnormalities is critical to the impact of a screening programme for cervical cancer. The reminder system used in this study was not labour intensive or expensive and provided a fail safe mechanism for ensuring that reports of abnormal smears were not overlooked.
Photoprotection by thalidomide in patients with chronic cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus: discordant effects on minimal erythema dose and sunburn cell formation
Authors: D.L. Cummins, A.A. Gaspari
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Photoprotection by thalidomide in patients with chronic cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus: discordant effects on minimal erythema dose and sunburn cell formation Get access D.L. Cummins, D.L. Cummins Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A. *Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 405 W. Redwood St, 6th floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.A. Gaspari A.A. Gaspari Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A. *Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 405 W. Redwood St, 6th floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A Anthony Gaspari. E‐mail: agasp001@umaryland.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 2, 1 August 2004, Pages 458–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06117.x Published: 01 August 2004 Article history Accepted: 16 February 2004 Published: 01 August 2004
Enzymatic characteristics of tubular adenomas and carcinomas of the large intestine.
Authors: M H Vatn, S Tjora, P H Arva, A Serck-Hanssen, J H Stromme
Journal: Gut (1982)

Enzymes activities in homogenates of the large intestine were measured in biopsies from 11 tubular adenomas and six carcinomas and from the corresponding normal mucosa of each individual. A similar and significant increase was found in the total activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6 PD), pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in adenomas and carcinomas as compared with the levels of normal mucosa. The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns showed also a marked and similar change in the adenomas and carcinomas with a significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase M-monomers. Most of the adenomas showed slight to moderate dysplasia. The results indicate that the measurement of total G 6 PD, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities for screening purposes has no predictive value in separating non-premalignant from premalignant adenomas. Moreover, it seems that the enzymatic characteristics of malignancy are present even in tubular adenomas. This is in agreement with the theory of a polyp-cancer sequence.
Tumor Implantation in a Skin Flap
Authors: Jeffrey T. Schouten
Journal: JAMA (1983)

MAJOR advances in the treatment of patients with head and neck carcinoma have been made in the past few years. One reason has been the emphasis on immediate reconstruction with myocutaneous flaps. This report deals with an unusual complication of a flap used to reconstruct a surgical defect. There have been few reports of tumor implantation occurring when flaps are used for reconstruction. Sherman et al<sup>1</sup>reported a case of implantation occurring in the donor site of a patient who had a cross-leg flap for fibrosarcoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old man had dysphagia. He underwent a right radical neck dissection and radical laryngectomy for a squamous cell carcinoma in the pyriform sinus. A biopsy specimen of the tissue around the hypoglossal nerve disclosed a tumor. The patient underwent reconstruction on the right side with a primary deltopectoral flap. After surgery, a pharyngocutaneous fistula developed, and the distal
FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR.
Authors: E. M. DOOLEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The subject we have before us may justly be considered a trite one. It is one with which we are all apt to have experience of one kind or another. Some we may call fortunate, others unfortunate experiences. With the advent of the penetrating X rays it behooves all surgeons to make a special effort in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the long bones. My object in bringing this subject before you today is not with the idea that anything new or startling may be shown in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the femur. But my experience as regards injury to this particular bone has been more or less extensive, and I have a few observations to make which may be of interest to all. Surrounded as the femur is, especially at the upper extremity, by large and powerful muscles, there are times when it requires
The Endoscopic Spectrum of Colonic Mucosal Injury Following Aortic Aneurysm Resection
Authors: J. Scherpenisse, P. A. M. van Hees
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Ischemic colitis is a serious complication of aortic aneurysm resection. A knowledge of the endoscopic appearance and the clinical course of various forms of colonic mucosal injury is important for the clinician who has to decide which patient should be carefully monitored after aneurysm resection. This article reports on 48 patients with colonic mucosal injury, subdivided into non-specific lesions and ischemic colitis. Details are given of the endoscopic picture and the clinical course. It is concluded that only the gangrenous form of ischemic colitis is of clinical significance, and is related to bowel perforation and late stricture formation.
Report of the Cured Cancer Clinics Held on April 5 and 6, 1932, at the Massachusetts General, Collis P. Huntington Memorial and Palmer Memorial Hospitals, the Free Hospital for Women, and the State Cancer Hospital at Pondville
Authors: ROBERT B. GREENOUGH, WILLIAM P. GRAVES, CHANNING C. SIMMONS, DANIEL F. JONES, ERNEST M. DALAND, HARRY F. FRIEDMAN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1932)
Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Therapy Based on Tumor Molecular Profiling Versus Conventional Therapy in Refractory Cancer Patients: Shiva Design
Authors: C. Le Tourneau, M. Kamal, O. Tredan, C. Gomez-Roca, M. Campone, A. Goncalves, N. Isambert, C. Gavoille, D. Gentien, N. Servant, T. Rio Frio, X. Paoletti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)