tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXAMINATION OF THE BLOOD OF PNEUMONIA PATIENTS FOR PNEUMOCOCCI.
Authors: FRANK C. KINSEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> The considerations which led to the present investigation are briefly as follows: In looking over the work thus far accomplished with regard to the presence of the pneumococcus in the blood of pneumonia patients, one is struck by the contradictory results of the various investigators. When Prochaska<sup>28 33</sup>finds the organism each time in a large number of cases, irrespective of the outcome of the disease, while men like Kühnau,<sup>16</sup>in Germany, and James and Tuttle,<sup>18</sup>in this country, find it rarely and only in fatal cases, the need of more research work on the subject is clearly to be seen. A second reason for this work which needs no emphasis is its value from a diagnostic point of view. If the pneumococcus can be recovered from the blood of pneumonias, as can the plasmodium of Laveran in malaria, diagnosis
Abstract A50: Inhibition of IL-8 production by pancreatic cancer cells with marine natural products.
Authors: Esther A. Guzman, Tara Pitts, Amy E. Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer presents one of the most negative prognoses of all cancers, as it has usually metastasized by the time a patient is diagnosed. Therefore, almost as many deaths as new cases are expected each year. Although combination therapy shows some promise, the need for new drugs to treat the disease is pressing. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI) has developed a unique library of marine samples and its research program seeks to tap into the biological diversity of the oceans to find potential anti-cancer drugs. Inflammation has been connected to pancreatic cancer development and progression. A recent study has shown that IL-8 mediates the angiogenesis of tumors arising from Ras-mutations. Ras is a proto-oncogene that is mutationally activated in 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of IL-8 in pancreatic tumors is thought to promote tumor angiogenesis and to activate survival signaling pathways. Given our interest in finding new therapies for pancreatic cancer, we set up a 96-well cell-based assay to screen our library of marine natural products for those with the ability to inhibit IL-8 production by pancreatic cancer cells. A thousand fractions were screened resulting in the identification of marine natural products with the ability to inhibit IL-8 secretion by the BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line. Studies are currently underway to determine if this inhibition leads to an inhibition in angiogenesis or affects cell proliferation. Citation Format: Esther A. Guzman, Tara Pitts, Amy E. Wright. Inhibition of IL-8 production by pancreatic cancer cells with marine natural products. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A50.
The non-structural 5A protein of hepatitis C virus exhibits genotypic differences in interferon antagonism
Authors: Ya-Hui Tsai, Wan-Fen Kuang, Tsai-Yi Lu, Jia-Horng Kao, Ming-Yang Lai, Chun-Jen Liu, Pei-Jer Chen, Lih-Hwa Hwang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type 1 diabetes
Authors: J. Pickup
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Almost 25 years ago the BMJ published our account of a new technique for achieving long term strict blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion,1 or insulin pump therapy, mimics physiological delivery by using a portable electromechanical pump to infuse insulin at a slow, basal rate throughout 24 hours, with patient activated boosts when food is eaten. Developed by us as a research tool to investigate the impact of greatly improved glycaemic control on diabetic complications, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is now used in everyday treatment by at least 130 000 people worldwide, more than 80 000 in the United States alone.

Personal testimony from patients shows that many can achieve better control and lead a more flexible life with a continuous insulin infusion than with other methods. Ironically, in the United Kingdom, the country of its invention, only a few hundred people use it, though there is growing pressure from patients to increase its availability. Doctors' commendable caution about an unfamiliar technique that places new demands on patients and carers has been massively reinforced by the NHS's reluctance to pay for continuous insulin infusion: funding in …
Influence of Sodium and Parathyroid Hormone on Calcium Release from Intestinal Mucosal Cells
Authors: Stanley J. Birge, Sandra C. Switzer, David R. Leonard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The uptake and release of (45)Ca from the intestinal mucosal epithelium were investigated under a variety of conditions. The initial rate of uptake characterized a calcium pool with a half-time of saturation of less than 2 min. The entry of (45)Ca into this pool was inhibited by NaCN and ethacrynic acid and was stimulated by the removal of Cl(-) from the incubation. The initial rate of (45)Ca release was also inhibited by NaCN and removal of Na(+) from the incubation. Parathyroid hormone administration enhanced the release of (45)Ca from cells prepared from parathyroid-ectomized animals. These observations suggest that calcium transport across the brush border and basallateral membranes are identifiable components of the kinetics of (45)Ca uptake and release and that parathyroid hormone stimulates a sodium-dependent mechanism of calcium transport across the basal-lateral membranes.
Increased Circulating miR-625-3p: A Potential Biomarker for Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Michaela B. Kirschner, Yuen Yee Cheng, Bahareh Badrian, Steven C. Kao, Jenette Creaney, J James B. Edelman, Nicola J. Armstrong, Michael P. Vallely, Arthur W. Musk, Bruce W.S. Robinson, Brian C. McCaughan, Sonja Klebe, Steven E. Mutsaers, Nico van Zandwijk, Glen Reid
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
The Address Delivered in the Section of Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1882)

I r is no small pleasure, as well as honour, to me, at this our Jubilee meet- ing, to occupy the chair in a Section where the twin sisters, Anatomyand Physiology, which have been diverging more anid more during the fifty years of the existence of the Association, are once again yoked together at the suggestion of our President.
Interferon-gamma inhibits macrophage apolipoprotein E production by posttranslational mechanisms.
Authors: K Brand, N Mackman, L K Curtiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Macrophage-derived apolipoprotein (apo) E and multimers of a synthetic apo E-peptide display monokine-like functions by inhibiting mitogen- or antigen-driven lymphocyte proliferation. This study demonstrated how the target lymphocyte itself can modulate macrophage apo E production. The lymphokine interferon-gamma (IFN) dramatically inhibited the accumulation of apo E in the supernatant of human monocytic THP-1 cells when present during phorbol myristate acetate-induced differentiation. A similar effect was observed when IFN was added to differentiated THP-1 cells. Treatment with IFN did not change the steady-state levels of apo E mRNA. Furthermore, in the presence of IFN no increased degradation or increased uptake of extracellular apo E was detected. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that IFN reduced the accumulation of extracellular apo E and increased the degradation of intracellular apo E. The inhibitory effect of IFN on apo E production also was observed in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Thus, our data demonstrated that IFN inhibited macrophage apo E production by posttranslational mechanisms. This represents a previously uncharacterized immunoregulatory interaction and lends further support to a relationship between lipid metabolism and the immune system.
Review of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Allan A. Abbass, Sarah J. Nowoweiski, Denise Bernier, Robert Tarzwell, Manfred E. Beutel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

The clinical efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) has undergone extensive study and review. Recently, researchers have studied the effects of this treatment on brain metabolic or synaptic activity, but the collective findings have never been reviewed. The objective of this review was to describe the findings of all neuroimaging studies of any form of PDT treatment. An extensive literature search through databases along with surveying of research groups were undertaken to acquire all available published studies. Eleven series were included in the final sample, consisting of 2 randomized controlled trials, 5 controlled trials and 4 case series, altogether involving 210 people: 94 healthy controls and 116 people with mood disorders, panic disorder, somatoform disorders and borderline personality disorder. A variety of neuroimaging techniques were used to examine regional metabolic activity and synaptic neurotransmission before and after treatment. The common finding was normalization of synaptic or metabolic activity in limbic, midbrain and prefrontal regions, occurring in association with improved clinical outcomes. PDT has demonstrable effects on brain function in diverse clinical populations as evidenced by a modest group of mixed neuroimaging studies.
Mouse Model of a Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation in α-Tropomyosin Manifests Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Mariappan Muthuchamy, Kathy Pieples, Prabhakar Rethinasamy, Brian Hoit, Ingrid L. Grupp, Greg P. Boivin, Beata Wolska, Christian Evans, R. John Solaro, David F. Wieczorek
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

To investigate the functional consequences of a tropomyosin (TM) mutation associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), we generated transgenic mice that express mutant alpha-TM in the adult heart. The missense mutation, which results in the substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid at amino acid position 175, occurs in a troponin T binding region of TM. S1 nuclease mapping and Western blot analyses demonstrate that increased expression of the alpha-TM 175 transgene in different lines causes a concomitant decrease in levels of endogenous alpha-TM mRNA and protein expression. In vivo physiological analyses show a severe impairment of both contractility and relaxation in hearts of the FHC mice, with a significant change in left ventricular fractional shortening. Myofilaments that contain alpha-TM 175 demonstrate an increased activation of the thin filament through enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of steady-state force. Histological analyses show patchy areas of mild ventricular myocyte disorganization and hypertrophy, with occasional thrombi formation in the left atria. Thus, the FHC alpha-TM transgenic mouse can serve as a model system for the examination of pathological and physiological alterations imparted through aberrant TM isoforms.
Abstract 3255: MLN0128, an investigational selective TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of soft tissue sarcoma.
Authors: Parag Patwardhan, Shyamprasad Vasudeva Deraje, William D. Tap, Elisa De Stanchina, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sarcomas, cancers of mesodermal origin, represent a heterogenous group of malignancies with limited treatment options currently available. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine-threonine protein kinase, consists of two distinct multi-protein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, which regulate protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and metabolism. Rapamycin, a TORC1 inhibitor, and its analogs (rapalogs) have been disappointing in sarcoma clinical studies but inhibitors of TORC1/2 kinase have the potential of resulting in better outcomes. MLN0128, an investigational potent small molecule TORC1/2 inhibitor, has shown promising results in preclinical studies of breast and other cancer types. We tested the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of MLN0128 in a panel of sarcoma cell lines including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial, Ewing's and osteosarcoma. Our results indicate that when compared to rapamycin, MLN0128 is highly efficient in blocking proliferative activity of all the sarcoma cell lines tested at nanomolar concentrations irrespective of the tumor subtype. We also carried out western blot analysis to test the efficacy of MLN0128 in blocking TORC1/2 signaling pathway. Inhibition of TORC1 pathway by rapamycin in sarcomas has been shown to release negative feedback inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF1-R and activate AKT (p-AKT). Our data suggest that MLN0128, unlike rapamycin, effectively blocks both the phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1, the downstream substrates of TORC1, and specifically inhibits AKT phosphorylation at Ser473, the downstream substrate of TORC2. This superior in vitro activity of MLN0128 may be attributed to its apparent improved TORC1 inhibition. Taken together, our data supports further clinical research of MLN0128 in sarcoma. Targeting TORC1/2 pathways using MLN0128 either alone or in combination with inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases could provide a new therapeutic approach in this disease. Citation Format: Parag Patwardhan, Shyamprasad Vasudeva Deraje, William D. Tap, Elisa De Stanchina, Gary K. Schwartz. MLN0128, an investigational selective TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of soft tissue sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3255. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3255
Radiotherapy induces responsiveness of a resistant mammary carcinoma to PD-1 blockade
Authors: Julie Diamond, Karsten Pilones, Joseph Aryankalayil, Ralph Vatner, Silvia Formenti, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts We've previously shown that radiotherapy (RT) converts poorly immunogenic tumors resistant to antibodies (mAbs) against the immune checkpoint receptor CTLA-4 into susceptible ones (Demaria et al., 2005; Dewan et al., 2009). Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is another immune checkpoint
Remarks on a New Mode of Affording Permanent Relief to Intractable Chronic Cystitis, and to Confirmed Prostatic Retention of Urine
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

I IIAVE long been anxious to discover a means of affording some per- manent relief to those who suffer with severe and long standing pros- tatic disease.I refer to a condition in which the patient, having for several years relied entirely on the use of a catheter for the removal of all his urine, finds the bladder becoming so intolerant of its contents, that the act of catheterism, at first perhaps employed but three or four timnes in the twenty-four hours, must now be repeated under penalty of unendurable torture, at least every hour or hour and half.His time is indeed chiefly spent, both by day and by night, partly in suffering from retained urine, and partly from the painful catheterism for the sake of the temporary relief it affords.It ismnore than fifteen years ago since I first attempted to mitigate this condition by tapping the bladder above the pubes and establishing an openingthereby which to empty the bladder, and to supersede, for a considerable time at least, the otherwise inevitable frequent catheterism.But the cases in which it appeared tobe warrantable to adopt this sotmiewhat grave remedy, were mostly examples of the disease in a very advanced stage; and, for three or four such, the last few weeks of a
SHD1 is a novel cytokine-inducible, negative feedback regulator of STAT5-dependent transcription
Authors: Hideaki Nakajima, Toshiki Tamura, Miyuki Ito, Fumi Shibata, Kana Kuroda, Yumi Fukuchi, Naohide Watanabe, Toshio Kitamura, Yasuo Ikeda, Makoto Handa
Journal: Blood (2008)
Sir Aubrey Gordon “Jack” Leacock
Authors: Douglas H Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant surgeon Barbados (b Barbados 1918; q Cambridge/St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1942; KA, CBE, FRCS), d 24 August 2003.

Sir Jack Leacock's particular interest was in anorectal surgery. He co-wrote the definitive work on the anatomy of the internal and external sphincter of the anus. He might well have obtained a consultancy in the United Kingdom, but while on a trip home to Barbados in 1948 he was offered the consultant appointment at the Barbados General Hospital. He introduced to Barbados oesophagectomy for the removal of oeseophageal cancer, replacing the oesophagus with large bowel. Jack Leacock was involved in the design of the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital and in developing a blood bank. He also became a founding member of the Barbados Family Planning Association. He leaves a wife, Margaret; three daughters; and two grandchildren.
Oregon Surpasses Struggles of Early Reform and Develops a Road Map for Future Success
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Current Clinical Issues15 July 2008Oregon Surpasses Struggles of Early Reform and Develops a Road Map for Future SuccessJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-2-200807150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Health care reform is nothing new to Oregon. In the early 1990s, the state launched a forerunner to today's state-based efforts, the Oregon Health Plan (OHP). In its original form, the OHP aimed for nearly universal health coverage by mandating employers to provide health insurance for employees and expanding Medicaid. It addressed both the lack of insurance among low-income residents and the irrational denial of life-saving treatment even while coverage provided less effective therapies for less serious conditions, according John Kitzhaber, MD, the emergency department physician and state senator who authored the plan (1).Kitzhaber went on to oversee its ...References1. Bodenheimer T. The Oregon Health Plan—lessons for the nation. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:651-5. [PMID: 9271486] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Oberlander J. Health reform interrupted: the unraveling of the Oregon Health Plan. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26:w96-105. [PMID: 17179162] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Goldsmith J. The road to meaningful reform: a conversation with Oregon's John Kitzhaber. Interview by Jeff Goldsmith. Health Aff (Millwood). 2003;22:114-24. [PMID: 12528843] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Oberlander J, Marmor T, Jacobs L. Rationing medical care: rhetoric and reality in the Oregon Health Plan. CMAJ. 2001;164:1583-7. [PMID: 11402800] MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Wilson JF. Massachusetts health care reform is a pioneer effort, but complications remain. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:489-92. [PMID: 18347363] LinkGoogle Scholar6. The Healthy Americans Act. Accessed at wyden.senate.gov/issues/Healthy%20Americans%20Act/KER07016_xml.pdf on 5 June 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail:[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 2Page: 149-152KeywordsChild healthHealth careHealth care providersHealth insuranceMedicareOutpatient clinicsPrevention, policy, and public healthPreventive medicinePrimary careTaxes ePublished: 15 July 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 1576: Molecular targeting of histone deacetylase 2 for treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yun-Han Lee, Jesper B. Andersen, Adam D. Judge, Daekwan Seo, Jens U. Marquardt, Tsuyoshi Ishikawa, Itzhak Avital, Elizabeth A. Conner, Ian MacLachlan, Valentina M. Factor, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Development of targeted therapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge. We have recently identified an elevated expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC derived cell lines. In this study, we have tested if the downregulation of HDAC2 by siRNA can affect the course of HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. To inactivate HDAC2 gene expression, three HDAC2-specific siRNAs (HDAC2-1, HDAC2-2 and HDAC2-3) were designed and tested for growth inhibition in Huh7 and HepG2 HCC cell lines as determined by MTT assay, FACS analysis and microscopy. To obtain insights into molecular changes caused by HDAC2 silencing, global changes in gene expression were examined by illumina microarray. For in vivo evaluation of HDAC2 as a therapeutic target, we employed orthotopic xenograft model using luciferase-expressing HCC reporter cell line Huh7-luc+ and stable-nucleic-acid-lipid-particle (SNALP) as an optimal carrier of siRNA into liver. The HDAC2-1siRNA was the most effective in inhibiting Huh7 and HepG2 cell growth (68% and 71%, respectively) which was paralleled by a similar decrease in the levels of target mRNA and protein. HDAC2-deficient cells also exhibited a 1.9-fold increase in apoptosis through activation of caspase-3. The comparison of gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells treated with either control siRNA or HDAC2-1siRNA identified 299 differentially expressed genes. Consistent with in vitro observations, genes functionally involved in apoptosis, such as CDKN1A, SOCS2, TP53I3, and BTG2, were up-regulated while genes associated with cellular metabolic process (e.g. HOXD1, PAK2, SMAD9, CDK4, PCK2 and SKP2) were down-regulated. HDAC2 3/7siRNA, a chemically modified variant of HDAC2-1siRNA displaying a minimal induction of IL-6 in murine Flt3L dendricite cultures, was selected for in vivo treatment of Huh7-luc+-derived HCC. Administration of SNALP- HDAC2 3/7siRNA effectively suppressed xenograft growth as compared to the SNALP-control siRNA treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that HDAC2 is an important regulator of HCC cell growth and survival, and may be an attractive target for systemic therapy of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1576.
ANEURYSM OF THE ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY: CHRONIC COUGH RELIEVED BY LIGATION
Authors: Harold Brunn
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A review of the available literature fails to provide the report of a single case of nontraumatic aneurysm of the external carotid artery or any of its branches. A few reports of traumatic aneurysms, particularly due to gunshot injuries, are noted, especially during the war period. We therefore believe the case reported here of sufficient interest to be recorded. The patient was first seen by one of us (A. L. B.) late in December, 1928. The following history was obtained at that time: <h3>History.</h3> —E. B. J., a white man, aged 64, an American, complained of cough and malaise. He had an incessant, nonproductive cough of five days' duration, which was worse at night and was aggravated by lying down, but also occasionally woke the patient when asleep while propped up in almost a sitting posture. The patient expectorated two masses of blood tinged sputum on the morning of examination.
European Medicines Agency must take account of cardiovascular harm associated with degludec insulin
Authors: T. A. Schmidt, C. J. Rosen, J. S. Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The way we manage diabetes is bad medicine and, with the increasing use of analogue insulin, type 2 diabetes is pharma’s lottery win.1 Degludec insulin (Tresiba), Novo Nordisk’s novel analogue, may be viewed in this context. Our concerns about its marketing led us to submit a letter to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (available at: www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f2695/rr/648949).

The EMA approved degludec …