tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Gingival Granular Cell Tumour
Authors: P J Anderson, P Kirkland, K Schafler, A L H Moss
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Congenital gingival granular cell tumours are rare lesions which have only occasionally been reported in the UK. Clinical features are of a benign lesion which occurs almost exclusively in newborn, Caucasian females and the anterior maxilla is the commonest site. Treatment consists of local excision and is curative. The terminology concerning this condition has been rather confused because of uncertainty regarding the histogenesis of these tumours and the similar histological appearance to adults granular cell myoblastoma occurring at other intraoral sites. The exact histogenesis of these tumours remains unresolved and they may be hamartomata. We describe a new case occurring within the UK, which illustrates many of the common clinical features of the condition, with an accompanying literature review.
APRAXIAS AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELÆ OF CARBON MONOXID ASPHYXIA
Authors: Ira C. Nichols, Margaret Keller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

The general problem of carbon monoxid asphyxia is reviewed. The serious neurological complications are enumerated. Special attention is given to the reports of aphasic disturbances. The fact that the damage to the nervous system can be widespread, and not simply confined to the globus pallidus, is pointed out. A case is reported, where the patient was revived after a suicidal attempt. He showed loss of the ability to perform certain skilled acts. Agraphia was present. A convulsive disorder has more recently supervened. Due to severe visuo-motor incoordination, he was unable to learn through concrete example, and a carefully planned retraining program, in which all instructions were completely verbalized, was the means by which the function of written speech was returned to the patient.
Functional health status and satisfaction with health in a population reporting a participation or activity limitation: Focus on COPD
Authors: Donna Goodridge, Joshua A. Lawson, Darcy Marciniuk, Donna C. Rennie, Koroush Madani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Symptoms associated with COPD can result in participation and activity limitations as well as reduced quality of life.   Objective:  To examine the impact of COPD on functional health status (FHS) and satisfaction with health (SWH) in persons with a participation or activity limitation among a national sample of Canadians.   Methods:  This survey used data from the 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS), a complex population survey of Canadians reporting a disability on the census. COPD was present if there was a self-report of COPD, emphysema, or bronchitis as the cause of disability. FHS was assessed using the Health Utility Index (HUI-3) and categorized as high, moderate, or severe. SWH was categorized as high, moderate, or low. Analyses were weighted to the population and bootstrapping used to estimate variances.   Results:  The sample represents 5,185,980 adults with participation or activity limitation. Subjects without missing data (55%) for the variables of interest were included. COPD was reported as the reason for disability in 1.4% of the population. Among those reporting COPD, 44% reported moderate and 49% reported low SWH. FHS was moderately impaired for 31% and severely impaired for 46%. After adjustment, COPD was significantly associated with a lower SWH (p   Conclusions:  While FHS was similar to the overall population with a disability, persons with COPD had a markedly lower SWH, suggesting the need to focus on quality of life enhancement strategies.
Abstract 16267: Changes in Fibrinogen Levels Track Longitudinally with Changes in Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors from Young Adulthood to Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Tochi Okwuosa, Oana Klein, Cheeling Chan, Pamela Schreiner, Kiang Liu, David Green
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Multiple cross-sectional studies have linked cardiovascular events and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) with higher plasma fibrinogen levels. However, longitudinal data l...
Effect of Various Types of Carcinogens on the Hatching of &lt;italic&gt;Artemia salina&lt;/italic&gt; Eggs&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N. P. Buu-Hoï, Pham-Huu Chanh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

A number of known carcinogenic compounds were tested for their effect on the hatching of the eggs of the brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The carcinogens of the 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide and of the diepoxide group, Evans' blue, and DL-ethionine exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect, whereas the nitrosamines were either inhibitors or activators, and 7,10-dimethylbenz[c]acridine was practically without effect. Possible mechanisms for the effects observed are discussed.
Regional ventilation distribution in experimental sub-lobar acute lung injury
Authors: Gunnar Elke, Matthew K. Fuld, Ahmed F. Halaweish, Norbert Weiler, Eric A. Hoffman, Inez Frerichs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is able to trace ventilation-related changes in electrical properties of lung tissue. Previous studies using computed tomography (CT) suggested a good correlation between regional EIT data and lung tissue density. However, no validation data exist in regional acute lung injury (ALI).   Objective:  To validate EIT measurements of regional ventilation (rVa) by dynamic Xenon-multidetector-row CT (Xe-MDCT) in two animal models of regional ALI.   Methods:  9 anaesthetized mechanically ventilated pigs were examined before and after induction of ALI within two adjacent sub-lobar lung segments by repetitive saline lavage (n=4) or endotoxin sepsis injury (n=5). EIT data were acquired at 25 scans/s (GoeMF II system, CareFusion, Hochberg, Germany). Xe-MDCT (Sensation 64, Siemens AG, Forchheim, Germany) was performed at the same thoracic region. EIT and Xe-MDCT rVa images during control and ALI were divided into 32 regions of interest (ROI) in each hemithorax. rVa differences for both methods were obtained by subtracting the corresponding values in each ROI. EIT and CT measurements were compared by Spearman9s Rho correlation.   Results:  In 4 of 9 animals analyzed so far, rVa difference images revealed a ventilation decrease in the injured (right) lung and an increase in the non-injured (left) lung compared to control. rVa changes occurred in spatially similar locations. Spearman9s rho ranged from 0.931-0.936 for the right and 0.943-0.979 for the left hemithorax in control. In ALI, ranges were 0.857-0.933 and 0.948-0.981, respectively (p   Conclusion:  A good correlation existed of rVa determined by EIT and Xe-MDCT in the 4 animals with regional ALI compared to date.
Decrease in Circulating Concentrations of Soluble Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products at the Time of Seroconversion to Autoantibody Positivity in Children With Prediabetes
Authors: Kirsi M. Salonen, Samppa J. Ryhänen, Josephine M. Forbes, Danielle J. Borg, Taina Härkönen, Jorma Ilonen, Olli Simell, Riitta Veijola, Per-Henrik Groop, Mikael Knip
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This study set out to assess whether there is any association of circulating concentrations of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), AGEs, and their ratio with the appearance of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children progressing to clinical diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum concentrations of sRAGE, N-ε(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) adducts, and the sRAGE/CML ratio were analyzed in children who progressed to type 1 diabetes. The samples were taken at four time points: before seroconversion, at the time of the first autoantibody-positive sample, at the time of the first sample positive for multiple (&amp;gt;2) autoantibodies, and close to the disease diagnosis. Samples of autoantibody-negative controls matched for age, sex, and HLA-conferred diabetes risk were analyzed at corresponding time points. RESULTS The prediabetic children had higher sRAGE concentrations before seroconversion (Pc = 0.03), at the appearance of multiple autoantibodies (Pc = 0.008), and close to diagnosis (Pc = 0.04). Close to diagnosis, the cases had lower CML concentrations than the controls (Pc = 0.004). Prediabetic children had a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than the controls before seroconversion (Pc = 0.008) and at diagnosis (Pc &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prediabetic children have higher concentrations of sRAGE and a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than healthy controls. Circulating sRAGE concentrations seem to decline with the appearance of diabetes-predictive autoantibodies in children progressing to type 1 diabetes. The higher sRAGE/CML ratio in prediabetic children may reflect a higher AGE scavenger capacity.
Incidental findings on chest CT imaging are associated with increased COPD exacerbations and mortality
Authors: Pushpa M Jairam, Yolanda van der Graaf, Jan-Willem J Lammers, Willem P Th M Mali, Pim A de Jong
Journal: Thorax (2015)

This study aimed to evaluate whether incidental CT findings of emphysema, airway thickening and bronchiectasis, as seen on CT scans performed for other non-pulmonary clinical indications, are associated with future acute exacerbations of COPD resulting in hospitalisation or death.This multicentre prospective case-cohort study comprised 6406 subjects who underwent routine diagnostic chest CT for non-pulmonary indications. Using a case-cohort approach, we visually graded CT scans from cases and a random sample of ∼10% of the baseline cohort (n=704) for emphysema severity (range 0-20), airway thickening (range 0-5) and bronchiectasis (range 0-5). We used weighted Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess the independent association between CT findings and hospitalisation or death due to COPD exacerbation.During a median follow-up of 4.4 years (maximum 5.2 years), 338 COPD events were identified. The risk of experiencing a future acute exacerbation of COPD resulting in hospitalisation or death was significantly increased in subjects with severe emphysema (score ≥7) and severe airway thickening (score ≥3). The respective HRs were 4.6 (95% CI 3.0 to 7.1) and 5.9 (95% CI 3.4 to 10.5). Severe bronchiectasis (score ≥3) was not significantly associated with increased risk of adverse events (HR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9 to 2.5).Morphological correlates of COPD such as emphysema and airway thickening detected on CT scans obtained for other non-pulmonary indications are strong independent predictors of subsequent development of acute exacerbations of COPD resulting in hospitalisation or death.
Attempt to Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Human Myocardial Morphologic Damage With Acetylcysteine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D V Unverferth, J M Jagadeesh, B J Unverferth, R D Magorien, C V Leier, S P Balcerzak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Doxorubicin induced acute as well as chronic myocardial morphologic alterations. Twenty patients with normal cardiovascular function were randomized to 2 groups based on age and dose of doxorubicin. Group I received placebo 1 hour before doxorubicin administration; group II received acetylcysteine (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) (Nac) 1 hour before doxorubicin. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed at base line at 4 and 24 hours after doxorubicin administration. Biopsy tissue was viewed by electron microscopy, and stereoscopic techniques were used to determine tubular and mitochondrial area. The change of the tubular area was similar in the 2 groups, was maximum at 4 hours, and was proportionately spread throughout the cell. The mitochondrial swelling was also similar in the 2 groups and proportionate throughout the cell but was maximum at 24 hours. This study demonstrated that the acute doxorubicin-induced damage was diffuse and not prevented by Nac.
Survey of Animal Neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. II. Cancer Morbidity in Dogs and Cats From Alameda County&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C. R. Dorn, D. O. N. Taylor, R. Schneider, H. H. Hibbard, M. R. Klauber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)
Spirometry and home oxygen in COPD patients with and without a history of illicit drug smoking
Authors: Andrew Singer, Nicola Garner, Janet Bonner, Tracy Monaghan, Hassan Burhan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Our 960 bed inner city hospital has 3 full time COPD nurses providing a 7-day a week service reviewing patients admitted with COPD exacerbations. They are employed with a view to reducing length of stay and preventing re-admissions. The team audited their work prospectively.  Several patients have recurrent admissions with exacerbations of COPD. We looked at the database from January 2009 to September 2011 and compared spirometric confirmation of COPD and home oxygen prescription amongst four groups of patients: Ex-tobacco smokers and active tobacco smokers with and without a history of illicit drug smoking.  Results  Conclusion  There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients that had documented spirometry or a home oxygen prescription amongst those with and without a history of illicit drug smoking. A greater proportion of ex-smokers with a history of illicit drug smoking had a home oxygen prescription. This may reflect more severe disease which may be caused by the additional damaged caused by drug smoking.
P2Y2 and Gq/G11 control blood pressure by mediating endothelial mechanotransduction
Authors: ShengPeng Wang, András Iring, Boris Strilic, Julián Albarrán Juárez, Harmandeep Kaur, Kerstin Troidl, Sarah Tonack, Joachim C. Burbiel, Christa E. Müller, Ingrid Fleming, Jon O. Lundberg, Nina Wettschureck, Stefan Offermanns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Elevated blood pressure is a key risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure is largely determined by vasodilatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), that are released from the endothelium in response to fluid shear stress exerted by the flowing blood. Previous work has identified several mechanotransduction signaling processes that are involved in fluid shear stress-induced endothelial effects, but how fluid shear stress initiates the response is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated human and bovine endothelial cells and found that the purinergic receptor P2Y2 and the G proteins Gq/G11 mediate fluid shear stress-induced endothelial responses, including [Ca2+]i transients, activation of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), phosphorylation of PECAM-1 and VEGFR-2, as well as activation of SRC and AKT. In response to fluid shear stress, endothelial cells released ATP, which activates the purinergic P2Y2 receptor. Mice with induced endothelium-specific P2Y2 or Gq/G11 deficiency lacked flow-induced vasodilation and developed hypertension that was accompanied by reduced eNOS activation. Together, our data identify P2Y2 and Gq/G11 as a critical endothelial mechanosignaling pathway that is upstream of previously described mechanotransduction processes and demonstrate that P2Y2 and Gq/G11 are required for basal endothelial NO formation, vascular tone, and blood pressure.
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, mineralocorticoid receptor, and thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter expression by distal tubules.
Authors: M Bostanjoglo, W B Reeves, R F Reilly, H Velázquez, N Robertson, G Litwack, P Morsing, J Dørup, S Bachmann, D H Ellison, M Bostonjoglo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Mineralocorticoid hormones regulate salt transport along the distal nephron by binding to intracellular receptors and activating gene transcription. Previous experiments showed that systemic aldosterone infusions stimulate thiazide-sensitive Na and Cl transport by distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells; this effect could have been direct or secondary to systemic hormonal effects. Aldosterone target tissues express both mineralocorticoid receptors and the metabolic enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Mineralocorticoid receptors have been localized to the DCT in some experiments, but not in others. Expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by DCT cells has not been investigated. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that rat DCT cells are targets of aldosterone action. Patterns of mineralocorticoid receptor, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, and Na/Ca exchanger expression along the distal tubule were examined. A polyclonal antibody was generated to localize the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter. Thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression were examined using both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry; Na/Ca exchanger and mineralocorticoid receptor expression were examined by immunocytochemistry. The results indicate that 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is expressed by DCT cells, as well as connecting tubule cells and principal cells of the collecting duct; expression levels are low near the junction with the thick ascending limb and rise near the transition to the connecting tubule. Mineralocorticoid receptors are expressed by DCT cells, as well as along the thick ascending limb, connecting tubule, and collecting duct. The results indicate that components of the mineralocorticoid receptor system are expressed by DCT cells, suggesting that these cells are targets of aldosterone action.
Influence of β2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism on methacholine hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients
Authors: Arvind Manoharan, William Anderson, Brian Lipworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and background:  We previously reported that the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) polymorphism had no effect on bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine in asthmatic patients (Wilson, AM et al Allergy. 2006; 61:254-259). We have now replicated this analysis in a different and larger cohort of patients.   Aims and objectives:  To assess the effect of the ADRB2 polymorphism in methacholine-responsive patients with asthma.   Methods:  We conducted a retrospective analysis of the effects of ADRB2 haplotypes at position 16 (Gly/Arg) and 27(Gln/Glu) in 449 patients with a physician diagnosis of asthma who were responsive to methacholine (ie, provocation concentration that caused a decrease in FEV 1  of 20% [PC 20 ],    Results:  No differences were found in age, FEV 1 , or inhaled corticosteroid dose among the genotypes or haplotypes. No significant differences were found in methacholine PC 20  between the separate genotypes at position 16 or 27 or between the haplotypes at positions 16/27 combined.   Conclusions:  We have confirmed in this replication study that common ADRB2 genotypes or haplotypes at positions 16/27 do not influence BHR in methacholine-responsive patients with asthma.
Circadian-shaped infusions of floxuridine for progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: W J Hrushesky, R von Roemeling, R M Lanning, J T Rabatin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Sixty-eight unselected patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated between March 1985 and November 1988 with continuous infusion floxuridine (FUDR). Thirty-seven percent of these patients had previously received and failed systemic treatment. Using implantable pumps for automatic drug delivery, FUDR was continuously infused for 14 days at monthly intervals. The starting dose was 0.15 mg/kg/d (intravenous [IV]; n = 61) or 0.25 mg/kg/d (intraarterial [IA]; n = 7); IV doses were increased or decreased in increments of 0.025 mg/kg/d as permitted by toxicity. Diarrhea (with or without mild abdominal cramping) and nausea/vomiting limited the FUDR IV infusion, and hepatic function abnormalities limited FUDR IA infusion. The use of a circadian-modified infusion schedule permitted high FUDR doses to be safely given as compared with a constant rate infusion schedule. Of 63 patients assessable for response, 56 received systemic FUDR infusion. Four complete responses (CRs; 7.1%); and seven partial responses (PRs; 12.5%) were observed (objective response rate, CR plus PR, 19.6 +/- 5.1% [95% confidence limits] ). The median objective response duration was 10.8 months (range, 1 to 18 months; mean, 9.4 +/- 1.6). Four additional patients had minor tumor responses (MRs; 7.1%). In a subgroup of seven assessable patients receiving hepatic arterial FUDR, we observed one CR and three PRs (57.2 +/- 42.8%). Overall, objective response (CR plus PR) was seen in a quarter of assessable patients treated, 15 of 63, while only 15 of the 63 assessable patients (25.4%) have had objective tumor progression. The median follow-up time for all 68 patients was 28 months (range, 1 to 42), and their median survival duration is 15 months (range, 3 to 37 months). Continuous infusion FUDR is an effective outpatient treatment for progressive metastatic RCC, producing durable tumor response and causing little toxicity.
Endothelial NO-Synthase Gene-Enhanced Progenitor Cell Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: John Granton, David Langleben, Michael B. Kutryk, Nancy Camack, Jacques Galipeau, David W. Courtman, Duncan J. Stewart
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a progressive and eventually lethal disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance because of loss of functional lung microvasculature, primarily at the distal (intracinar) arteriolar level. Cell-based therapies offer the potential to repair and regenerate the lung microcirculation and have shown promise in preclinical evaluation in experimental models of PAH.The Pulmonary Hypertension and Angiogenic Cell Therapy (PHACeT) trial was a phase 1, dose-escalating clinical study of the tolerability of culture-derived endothelial progenitor cells, transiently transfected with endothelial nitric oxide synthase, in patients with PAH refractory to PAH-specific therapies.Seven to 50 million endothelial nitric oxide synthase-transfected endothelial progenitor cells, divided into 3 doses on consecutive days, were delivered into the right atrium via a multiport pulmonary artery catheter during continuous hemodynamic monitoring in an intensive care unit setting. Seven patients (5 women) received treatment from December 2006 to March 2010. Cell infusion was well tolerated, with no evidence of short-term hemodynamic deterioration; rather, there was a trend toward improvement in total pulmonary resistance during the 3-day delivery period. However, there was 1 serious adverse event (death) which occurred immediately after discharge in a patient with severe, end stage disease. Although there were no sustained hemodynamic improvements at 3 months, 6-minute walk distance was significantly increased at 1, 3, and 6 months.Delivery of endothelial progenitor cells overexpressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase was tolerated hemodynamically in patients with PAH. Furthermore, there was evidence of short-term hemodynamic improvement, associated with long-term benefits in functional and quality of life assessments. However, future studies are needed to further establish the efficacy of this therapy.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00469027.