tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia and the myth of intellectual decline
Authors: A J Russell, J C Munro, P B Jones, D R Hemsley, R M Murray
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The authors' goal was to investigate the issue of intellectual deterioration in schizophrenia.They examined the childhood IQs of adult patients with schizophrenia who had attended a child psychiatry service where measurement of intelligence was routine. Follow-up IQs of 34 of these patients were obtained an average of 19.4 years later.The mean child and adult IQs were greater than one standard deviation lower than those of the general population. There were no significant differences between the child and adult IQs, however, suggesting that the impairment in intelligence during childhood was stable over the follow-up period.The deficit in intellectual function observed in these patients, and reported in the literature, is lifelong and predates the onset of schizophrenia.
Mucosal Damage Induced by Various Gastric Carcinogens in the Glandular Stomach of the Rat 2
Authors: Yoshiki Tabuchi, Takao Mitsuno, Taketoshi Sugiyama
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Mucosal Damage Induced by Various Gastric Carcinogens in the Glandular Stomach of the Rat Get access Yoshiki Tabuchi, Yoshiki Tabuchi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takao Mitsuno, Takao Mitsuno Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Taketoshi Sugiyama Taketoshi Sugiyama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 6, December 1975, Pages 1395–1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.6.1395 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 06 May 1975 Accepted: 31 July 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Andrew C. Chen, Andrew J. Martin, Bonita Choy, Pablo Fernández-Peñas, Robyn A. Dalziell, Catriona A. McKenzie, Richard A. Scolyer, Haryana M. Dhillon, Janette L. Vardy, Anne Kricker, Gayathri St. George, Niranthari Chinniah, Gary M. Halliday, Diona L. Damian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective effects against damage caused by UV radiation and to reduce the rate of new premalignant actinic keratoses.
Klinefelter's syndrome associated with mediastinal germ cell neoplasms.
Authors: C R Nichols, N A Heerema, C Palmer, P J Loehrer, S D Williams, L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Several case reports have suggested an association of primary mediastinal germ cell tumor (PMGCT) and Klinefelter's syndrome (KS). In an effort to confirm this association, 22 patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors had chromosome studies performed in a prospective fashion. Five patients (22%) had karyotypic or pathologic evidence of KS. All of the patients with KS had germ cell tumors of the nonseminomatous subtype and were relatively young (median age, 15 years). The literature confirms the findings of a young median age (18 years), nonseminomatous subtype, and mediastinal location of the germ cell neoplasm. We conclude that patients with KS are predisposed to the development of mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell cancers.
Use of Alfentanil in Short Anaesthetic Procedures
Authors: K M Collins, O M Plantevin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a new and very short-acting opioid, are discussed. Its use in day-case gynaecological procedures is described, and the results of the initial study presented. Alfentanil is a valuable adjunct to anaesthesia for day-case surgery and for short, painful procedures.
Re: Xavier Biardeau, Jérôme Rizk, François Marcelli, Vincent Flamand. Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Approach for Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in 11 Women with Urinary Stress Incontinence: Surgical Technique and Initial Experience. Eur Urol 2015;67:937–42
Authors: Véronique Phé, Morgan Rouprêt, Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Comparison of Methods of Measuring HER-2 in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated With High-Dose Chemotherapy
Authors: Lyndsay N. Harris, Vlayka Liotcheva, Gloria Broadwater, Michael J. Ramirez, Peter Maimonis, Steven Anderson, Tajuana Everett, David Harpole, Mary Beth Moore, Donald A. Berry, David Rizzeri, James J. Vredenburgh, Rex C. Bentley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: HER-2 is overexpressed in 20% to 30% of human breast cancer and is associated with poor outcome. Studies suggest an association between HER-2 overexpression and resistance to alkylating agents. To further evaluate this relationship, we assessed the interaction of HER-2, measured by different methods, and outcome after dose intensification with alkylating agents in metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 1995 at Duke University, 425 patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in a study of high-dose alkylating agents (HDC) with autologous cellular support after doxorubicin-based therapy (AFM). HER-2 was measured in serum for shed extracellular domain (ECD) and in tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: HER-2 ECD was positive in 29% (19 of 65) of patients pre-AFM and in 11.7% (34 of 290) pre-HDC. Higher pre-AFM and higher pre-HDC HER-2 ECD predicted worse overall survival (P = .045 and P = .0096, respectively). HER-2 overexpression by IHC and FISH showed no correlation with worse disease-free survival or overall survival. FISH and ECD were highly specific for IHC (97.3% and 97.7% respectively). However, ECD had a low sensitivity for IHC—only 22% of patients with HER-2 in the primary tumor shed ECD into the serum. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the method of measuring HER-2 is important in predicting clinical outcome. HER2 ECD may identify a poor prognosis subgroup of HER-2–positive tumors. Lack of association of HER2 by IHC/FISH with worse outcome suggests that therapy with AFM and/or HDC therapy may be able to overcome the effect of this prognostic factor or it may not be a prognostic factor in this setting.
Gender specific characteristics of stages of change and decisional balance in smokers: BOLD-Australia study
Authors: Michael Abramson, Marsha Ivey, Brett Toelle, Graeme Maguire, Guy Marks, Richard Wood-Baker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Despite leading the world in tobacco control, smoking cessation remains a key health promotion focus in Australia. Characterising intention to quit by stages of change (SOC) can assist quit programmes.   Aim:  To describe SOC and decisional balance (DB) by gender and identify factors likely to influence readiness to quit.   Methods:  Cross-sectional study of Australians ≥40yrs; analysis restricted to current smokers. Smokers classified to three SOC: pre-contemplation (PC), contemplation (C) and preparation (P) to quit. Ability to balance positive (pro) and negative (con) consequences was measured using a DB scale. Body Mass Index calculated as weight/height 2 .   Results:  314 smokers (42% females), with 38% in PC, 38% C and 24% P stages; no significant gender differences. More con than pro attitudes present toward smoking especially in stages C and P [Fig 1] .  Minimal gender differences observed; mostly stage specific and related to smoking history. Smoking start age, no. cigarettes, quit advice/medication/attempts, negative smoking attitudes and BMI associated with readiness to quit and increased odds of being in C or P stages.   Conclusions:  Findings support shift in attitude toward tobacco being antisocial. Emphasis needs to be placed on decreasing values smokers place on pros of smoking. Considering a combination of BMI and specific smoking history factors will help to assess the likely SOC of a smoker.
Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections
Authors: V M Corman, M A Müller, U Costabel, J Timm, T Binger, B Meyer, P Kreher, E Lattwein, M Eschbach-Bludau, A Nitsche, T Bleicker, O Landt, B Schweiger, J F Drexler, A D Osterhaus, B L Haagmans, U Dittmer, F Bonin, T Wolff, C Drosten
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We present a rigorously validated and highly sensitive confirmatory real-time RT-PCR assay (1A assay) that can be used in combination with the previously reported upE assay. Two additional RT-PCR assays for sequencing are described, targeting the RdRp gene (RdRpSeq assay) and N gene (NSeq assay), where an insertion/deletion polymorphism might exist among different hCoV-EMC strains. Finally, a simplified and biologically safe protocol for detection of antibody response by immunofluorescence microscopy was developed using convalescent patient serum.
The role of chemokine receptors in the aberrant migration of COPD neutrophils
Authors: James Stockley, Louise Peat, Georgia Walton, Janet Lord, Elizabeth Sapey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale:  We have previously shown that neutrophils from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients migrate with reduced accuracy (Sapey et al. AJRCCM 2011; 183:1176-86). There is some evidence to suggest chemokine receptors may be differentially in COPD neutrophils. We sought to determine if differences in receptor function may explain the aberrant neutrophilic migration in COPD.   Methods:  Surface expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and the fMLP receptor (FPR1) was semi quantified by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) before and at points throughout a 2 hour stimulation time-course with IL-8 or fMLP. CXCR1 and CXCR2 shedding was quantified by ELISA and localisation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy on adhered and fixed neutrophils following stimulation with fMLP.   Results:  CXCR1 was significantly lower in quiescent COPD neutrophils compared to health. This difference was rapidly abolished following stimulation with IL-8. No differences were observed in CXCR2 or FPR1 expression. CXCR1 shedding was negligible but there was more CXCR2 shedding detected, although there was no difference between COPD and health. Both COPD and healthy neutrophils appeared to mobilise CXCR1 and CXCR2 to the leading edge once they had been stimulated.   Conclusions:  Our novel data on receptor function in stimulated neutrophils suggest that chemokine receptors are unlikely to be an influential factor in the aberrant migration of COPD neutrophils.
Procalcitonin and D-dimer to predict prognosis and clinical outcomes in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients
Authors: Oksana Omelyanenko, Alexander Makarevich, Paulina Jagus, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Tatyana Rybina, Elena Amelchenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Early prognostic assessment is crucial for the optimized care and treatment of patients with SCAP.   The aim: We analyzed prognostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT), plasma D-dimer (D-d) in predicting mortality and disease severity assessment in CAP patients, relationship between their levels and in-hospital outcomes (in-hospital mortality (IHM) and length of in-hospital stay(LOS)), need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and vasopressor support (VS).   Methods: 20 ICU patients with proven SCAP CURB-65 class 3,4 were enrolled to the study.Serum PCT and D-d values were measured within the first 24 hours after admission.  Results: Increasing CAP severity was associated with increased PCT and D-d values(r=0,74;p=0,05 and p=0,0004, r= 0,62 respectively).PCT in CURB-65 3 and 4 class patients was 0,73 [0,56;5,8] vs 5,94 [4,6; 37,1]ng/ml, respectively (p=0,03). PCT and D-d values demonstrated statistically significant correlation with IHM (r=0,74;p=0,005 and r=0,48; p=0,03) and were higher in non-survivors than those in survivors [median][5,94 vs 0,73 ng/ml, p=0,01] and [1,63 vs 1,19mg/mL, p=0,02]respectively. Both PCT and D-d levels correlated with need for VS (r=0,74;p=0,0005 and r=0,54; p=0,02 respectively) and showed higher concentrations in patients requiring VS compared with those with stable haemodynamics [102 vs 0,73 ng/ml, p=0,01] and [1,9 vs 0,87mg/mL,p =0,002] respectively.  Conclusion: PCT is more reliable biomarker than D-d in predicting prognosis and clinical outcomes in SCAP pts.
The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived from Pathological Data in Man.
Authors: Kurt Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in stop ventilation HRCT of chest following antibiotics in infants with pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shahid Sheikh, Rob Flucke, Nancy Ryan-Wanger, Karen Mccoy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Progressive lung disease plays an important role in CF morbidity. CF exacerbations are associated with worsening pulmonary structural changes in infants but reversal of such changes after i/v antibiotics is not reported in infants.  Methods: After local IRB approval, charts and radiological studies of all patients with CF who underwent stop ventilation HRCT of chest under sedation before and after 2 weeks of i/v antibiotic therapy for CF exacerbation during 2000-2012 at Nationwide Children9s Hospital, Columbus, OH, were reviewed and included in this study. CT studies were read separately by a pediatric radiologist and a pediatric pulmonologist and change was accepted if both agreed.  Results: 29 studies were done in 21 patients. Male: Female was 8:13. Mean age in weeks 20.8±47. Seventeen of 29 received home i/v antibiotic therapy. Mean hospital days were 7.7 ± 6.8. Mean antibiotic days were 17.8 ± 4.9. Both inspiratory and expiratory films were equally effective in diagnosing disease. Bronchiectasis was not seen in any scan before or after antibiotic therapy. Mucous plugging was noted in one which improved after therapy. Air trapping was noted in 28 of 29 scans before therapy and was only noted in 16 after therapy; all were improving. Pneumonia was noted in 12 scans before therapy and was noted only in 3 after therapy; all were improving. Atelectasis was noted in 12 scans before therapy and was noted in only one after the therapy which was resolving.  Conclusions: There is significant improvement noted by stop ventilation HRCT of chest in all measures of structural changes in infants with CF exacerbation after antibiotic therapy.
Disease in children with HIV infection in Abidjan
Authors: C. Gilks
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Certain points were omitted from the paper because of lack of space.  During the eight-month study all children found in the mortuary at 0730 six days a week were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  The HIV-negative children who were chosen for necropsy were selected by lot.  Over 408 children in the hospital and the community died; cadavers were not taken to the mortuary in a larger proportion of pediatric than adult deaths.  The adult necropsy study showed that causes of death in patients with HIV infection were similar for those dying in and outside the hospital as was the case for children.  Although accurate ascertainment of the cause of death based on combined clinical laboratory and necropsy data is ideal it is rarely attainable; necropsy data are used internationally for comparative purposes and with full histopathological examination as in these studies provide superior information to clinical data alone.  Necropsies do underestimate bacteremia and enteritis.  Pyogenic pneumonia which was diagnosed on the basis of large zones of the lungs with polymorphs in the alveoli was the primary cause of death in 32% (49/155) of the children and was found in 37% (57/155).  It was the primary cause of death in 8% of HIV-infected adults and was found in 30%.  The common diseases of childhood (acute respiratory infection malnutrition meningitis) were found frequently in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative children.  Clinical syndromes are similar in the two groups and signs and symptoms are poorly predictive of HIV status.  With the exception of Pneumocystis carinii infection individual infections which define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were uncommon in HIV-positive children.  In contrast the range of disease in HIV-positive adults in Abidjan is different from that in HIV-negative adults as is the case in Nairobi.  The rarity of tuberculosis in the children is consistent with the annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa about 2%.  With a median age at death of less than two years most African children with HIV die before encountering the mycobacterium.  The 1991 article by Chin was referenced to emphasize the prevalence of HIV infection in Africa; other articles which include projections beyond 1991 by the same author could have been used.
Abstract 2127: Incidence, Predictors And Prognostic Implication Of Plaque Rupture In Peripheral Artery: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Koichiro Asawa, Tomoichiro Kubo, Haruyuki Taguchi, Iku Toda, Minoru Yoshiyama, Junichi Yoshikawa, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have shown that coronary plaque rupture (PR) can be observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome as well as stable angina pectoris. Incidenc...
Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation tests in elite athletes at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal
Authors: Marc Fortin, Claude Poirier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Since 2001, the International Olympic Committee requires athletes to demonstrate exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) to be granted the permission to use beta-agonists. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) has become the test of choice for the diagnosis of EIB but experience with this test is limited.   Objective:  The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the population of elite athletes who underwent EVH at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal and to identify factors related to a positive result.   Methods:  41 elite athletes underwent EVH in our institution from 1/1/2009 to 1/5/2010. Positive tests were compared to negative tests. From 1/1/2011 to 1/2/2011 each athlete was sent a questionnaire to gather further information.   Results:  22/41 (54%) tests were positive. 16/25 (64%) aquatic sport (AS) athletes vs 6/16 (38%) non-AS athletes had a positive test (p=0,10). There were no difference between positive and negative tests in mean respiratory rhythm (RR) (66,3breaths/min vs 67,7, p=0,68), tidal volume (TV) (1,43l vs 1,62, p=0,27) and pourcentage of target minute ventilation reached (%TMV) (78,9% vs 83,0%, p=0,22) but there were significant differences in mean minute ventilation per kilogram (MV/kg) (1,48l/kg/min vs 1,63, p=0,04) and age (19,6 vs 22,8, p=0,02). 7/13 (54%) athletes who reported EIB symptoms during sport had a positive test.   Conclusions:  54% of elite athletes had a positive EVH test. AS athletes tended to have more positive tests. Symptoms perceived by athletes had a poor positive predictive value. RR, TV and%TMV were not determinants of EVH test result but a younger age and lower MV/kg were related to a positive EVH test.
T cell signaling abnormalities contribute to aberrant immune cell function and autoimmunity
Authors: Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype systemic autoimmune disease that results from a break in immune tolerance to self-antigens, leading to multi-organ destruction. Autoantibody deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in target organs such as kidneys and brain lead to complications of this disease. Dysregulation of cellular and humoral immune response elements, along with organ-defined molecular aberrations, form the basis of SLE pathogenesis. Aberrant T lymphocyte activation due to signaling abnormalities, linked to defective gene transcription and altered cytokine production, are important contributors to SLE pathophysiology. A better understanding of signaling and gene regulation defects in SLE T cells will lead to the identification of specific novel molecular targets and predictive biomarkers for therapy.
Incidence of Hajj-associated febrile cough episodes among French pilgrims: a prospective cohort study on the influence of statin use and risk factors
Authors: P. Gautret, W. Yong, G. Soula, J. Gaudart, J. Delmont, A. Dia, P. Parola, P. Brouqui
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Central Role of Mic10 in the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System
Authors: Maria Bohnert, Ralf M. Zerbes, Karen M. Davies, Alexander W. Mühleip, Heike Rampelt, Susanne E. Horvath, Thorina Boenke, Anita Kram, Inge Perschil, Marten Veenhuis, Werner Kühlbrandt, Ida J. van der Klei, Nikolaus Pfanner, Martin van der Laan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Filaggrin null mutations associate with increased frequencies of allergen-specific CD4+ T-helper 2 cells in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: T. McPherson, V.J. Sherman, A. Aslam, L. Crack, H. Chan, A. Lloyd-Lavery, L. Jones, M. Ardern-Jones, G. Ogg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Filaggrin null mutations associate with atopic eczema and also with asthma when present with eczema. However, while epidermal dysfunction is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, it is unclear how such dysfunction interacts with immune responses to contribute to cutaneous and other inflammatory atopic disease. Objectives To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such predisposition in order to understand different disease phenotypes and possibly identify potential treatment targets. Methods We studied 33 individuals with atopic eczema and used interleukin‐4 immunospot and human leucocyte antigen class II tetrameric complexes to investigate the peripheral blood allergen‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses. Results Filaggrin null mutations associated with significantly (P < 0·05) higher frequencies of allergen‐specific CD4+ T‐helper 2 cell responses. Conclusions These data would support a model where barrier dysfunction possibly promotes greater allergen penetration and delivery to drive allergen‐specific CD4+ T cells. This could further contribute to respiratory and cutaneous inflammatory disease.