tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, and Intercourse During Menstruation
Authors: DeWitt W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in reference to the article entitled "Importance of Heterosexual Activity in the Transmission of Hepatitis B and Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis" by Alter et al.<sup>1</sup>The authors state that it may be that we are missing explanation of heterosexual transmission of diseases such as hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In the final paragraph, the authors write as follows: "A clue to the possible source of their infection may come from the examination of persons with low socioeconomic level who acquire hepatitis B and NANB [non-A, non-B] hepatitis. Such examination may identify unrecognized modes of transmission for these viruses or may identify life-styles, behaviors, or habits that result in persons becoming infected with these viruses." There is a type of heterosexual behavior involving sexual blood exposure that is more common in persons of lower socioeconomic level (<i>not</i>confined to them, however). It is intercourse during menstruation
CD40 expression in renal cell carcinoma correlates with tumor apoptosis, CD8 T cell frequency and patient survival
Authors: Jonathan M Weiss, Gregory Alvord, Octavio A Quinones, Jimmy K Stauffer, Robert H Wiltrout
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts To investigate the relationship between tumor-associated CD40 expression, RCC patient survival and tumor stage. The expression of CD40, TUNEL and CD8 in human renal cell carcinomas was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Computer-assisted quantitation of protein expression was used
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (Chaotic Atrial Tachycardia)
Authors: MANUEL J. LIPSON, SHAPUR NAIMI
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Multifocal atrial tachycardia, also designated "chaotic atrial tachycardia," was identified in the records of 31 patients. It was particularly noted that the arrhythmia progressed to atrial fibrillation or flutter in 17 cases (55%). Unifocal or multifocal premature atrial contractions preceded the arrhythmia in 20 cases (64%). The arrhythmia developed during an acute illness in 18 cases (58%). However, it occasionally occurred in paroxysms without an apparent cause in patients with chronic disease. Significant acute or chronic pulmonary disease was present in 12 cases (39%). The arrhythmia was not associated with digitalis toxicity or with rhythm disturbances known to occur in digitalis intoxication such as paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block. In general, digitalis therapy seemed to have little effect on the course of the arrhythmia, but in some cases it appeared to be beneficial, especially if atrial fibrillation supervened. In several patients there seemed to be a transition from multifocal premature atrial contractions through chaotic atrial tachycardia to atrial fibrillation. These observations suggested that chaotic atrial tachycardia might be a forewarning of atrial fibrillation and that the two arrhythmias may have a similar mechanism.
THE USE OF QUINIDINE IN AURICULAR FIBRILLATION
Authors: F. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1923)

QUINIDINE IN AURICULAR FIBRILLATION.[ TICBrr 507is that there is a blood infection.This can only be slhown by blood culture, frequently repeated if necessary.Dr. WV. S.Cosbie, a member of my staff in Toronto General Hospital, took cultures from all puerperal patients running a temperature.His investigations are not completed, but we were surprised to find that so miany of them lhad positive cultures at one time or otlher.Most of these made a complete recovery without special treatment.In tlle treatment of true cases of bacteriaemia we have used various kinds of intravenous medication such as magnesium sulphate, eusol, and salvarsan..We have also used serums.Witlh all of them we lhave lhad recoveries, and at first attributed these to the drug used, until we found tlhat, witlh no intravenous medication and with no serum, just as many patients got well.The great difficulty in assessing the valuLe of tllese forms of treatment is that spontaneous recovery so often does take place.Wlhat I have said regarding the treatment of puerperal infections occurring after a full-time delivery applies equally to those arising after abortion, eitlher complete or incomplete.I imake it a rule never to curette tlle uterus or carry out any intrauterine manipulation in a case of abortion if tlle patient hI,s a rise of temperature, unless there is severe lhaemorrhage.
Comparison of a proteomic approach with a microarray-based approach to detect exons in the mouse genome
Authors: Quan-Hu Sheng, Lian-Shui Wang, Jie Dai, Xiao-Sheng Jiang, Rong Xia Li, Dan-Jun Ma, Yi-Xue Li, Rong Zeng, Jia-Rui Wu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
The inhaled route to improved liver function
Authors: Alexandra Sharland, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in transplanted livers contributes to organ dysfunction and failure and is characterized in part by loss of NO bioavailability. Inhalation of NO is nontoxic and at high concentrations (80 ppm) inhibits IR injury in extrapulmonary tissues. In this prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the hypothesis that administration of inhaled NO (iNO; 80 ppm) to patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation inhibits hepatic IR injury, resulting in improved liver function. Patients were randomized to receive either placebo or iNO (n = 10 per group) during the operative period only. When results were adjusted for cold ischemia time and sex, iNO significantly decreased hospital length of stay, and evaluation of serum transaminases (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase) and coagulation times (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time) indicated that iNO improved the rate at which liver function was restored after transplantation. iNO did not significantly affect changes in inflammatory markers in liver tissue 1 hour after reperfusion but significantly lowered hepatocyte apoptosis. Evaluation of circulating NO metabolites indicated that the most likely candidate transducer of extrapulmonary effects of iNO was nitrite. In summary, this study supports the clinical use of iNO as an extrapulmonary therapeutic to improve organ function following transplantation.
Playing Games: Doctors and Nurses and Musical Chairs
Authors: J. Meenan
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Nurses perform flexible sigmoidoscopy [1]. Nurses also perform colonoscopy, oesophageal dilation, variceal ligation, and endosonography; they treat patients in emergency departments; and manage viral hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and many other conditions. Aside from nurses, non-medically-trained technicians perform gastroscopy [2]. So, a question - What are doctors for?
Influenza and Pneumonia
Authors: J. Haddon
Journal: BMJ (1890)

Lumbar and other Pains.-Backachean early and almost con- stant symptom, generally confined to the loins, and more rarely running up the spine.General muscular pains, described as a "bruised feeling all over," very common.Pains in joints rare, and in two or three cases only were the small joints noted as having been painful.No joint enlargements noted.Pains in bones very rarely complained of.Delirium in one case only, and transient, but patients were always very restless and sleepless during the nights of high fever.Fainting attacks in 12 cases, and a "faint feeling" often complained of.Epistaxis occurred in one or two cases only.Salivation slighltly in 1 case.Enlargement of salivary glands in 2 cases.Enlargement of lymphatic glands (inguinal) in a few cases only.Orchitas none; nor pain ever complained of in these glands.Duration of Disease.-Four to sixteen days; average, seven days.Diagnosis-Dengue liable to be confounded with rheumatism, scarlatina,malaria, and simple continued fever.Duringan outbreak in 1887 at Bombay the disease is stated to have been variously spoken of as "rotheln," "epidemic rose rash," and "simple continued fever."Dr. Sandwith speaks of the difficulty at Cairo of dis- tinguishing dengue from scarlatina, and alludes to the liability of confounding the disease with simple continued fever, and says that the contagiousness and appearance of the eruption in dengue will distinguish it.The experience of the outbreak in this ship proves that both the contagiousness and eruption may be absent to a great extent; in fact, the number of cases fluctuated very much.Thus, in February, 1889, there were 22 cases; in March, 12; in April, 8~; in May, 16; in June, 26; and in July, 130 cases, etc. Eruption completely absent for first seven months, and the other difficulties in the way of diagnosis on board here were the absence of sore throat and catarrh, absence of pains and swellings of joints, the peculiar thermometry of the disease, and finally the rapidity of convalescence and absence of sequele.Vaiiety.-I feel convinced that this outbreak was one of the many varieties under which this disease shows itself, and, as in this outbreak, often appears without an eruption, and so escapes a true diagnosis.Mortality.-Nil.Invalidinys.-Inno uncomplicated case.TREATMENT.Vomiting and retchzng easily controlled by sinapism or
Exaggerated vascular response due to endothelial dysfunction and role of the renin-angiotensin system at early stage of renal hypertension in rats.
Authors: J Hoshino, T Sakamaki, T Nakamura, M Kobayashi, M Kato, H Sakamoto, T Kurashina, A Yagi, K Sato, Z Ono
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We investigated whether endothelial dysfunction might contribute to the exaggerated vasoconstriction that was induced by the administration of norepinephrine at the early stage of one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension (1K1C) in rats. We also studied the role of the renin-angiotension system in this phenomenon. Male Wistar rats were killed 48 hours after the induction of renal artery stenosis or sham operation, and ring preparations of the thoracic aorta were obtained. The isometric contraction and relaxation of aortic strips produced by norepinephrine and acetylcholine, respectively, were recorded with a force-displacement transducer. The aorta of 1K1C rats showed a significantly (P &lt; .05) exaggerated contractile response to norepinephrine as compared with that of control rats. Rubbing the endothelium and treatment with methylene blue or NG-monomethyl L-arginine acetate augmented the contractile responses to norepinephrine to a greater extent in control rats than in 1K1C rats; therefore, the responses of the groups did not differ significantly. In the second experiment, rats received 0.05% captopril, 0.02% enalapril, or 0.02% nicardipine in the drinking water for 1 day before and for 48 hours after the induction of renal artery stenosis or sham operation. The increased contractile responses of the aorta to norepinephrine in 1K1C rats were normalized to the level of the control rats by treatment with either captopril or enalapril but not with nicardipine. These results suggest that the endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the exaggerated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction observed in the 1K1C rats and that angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors can restore the endothelial function.
Experts Provide Insights Into Emerging Field of Brain and Spine Repair
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Generation of metabolically functioning hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells by FOXA2 and HNF1α transduction
Authors: Kazuo Takayama, Mitsuru Inamura, Kenji Kawabata, Michiko Sugawara, Kiyomi Kikuchi, Maiko Higuchi, Yasuhito Nagamoto, Hitoshi Watanabe, Katsuhisa Tashiro, Fuminori Sakurai, Takao Hayakawa, Miho Kusuda Furue, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
EFFECT OF MERALLURIDE ON SOLUTE AND WATER EXCRETION IN HYDRATED MAN: COMMENTS ON SITE OF ACTION*
Authors: Marvin H. Goldstein, Marvin F. Levitt, A. Daniel Hauser, Demetra Polimeros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The renal tubular site at which organomercurials exert their primary effect on salt absorption has been the subject of considerable dispute for many years.The fact that these drugs produced a consistent reduction in Tmglucose and TmPAH in man suggested that these agents exerted an influence within the proximal tubule (1, 2).The absence of such changes in the dog, despite comparable diuretic activity, emphasized the hazards of such conclusions (3).Other experimental studies in- dicating that distal tubular functions such as the production of ammonia and titratable acid were not influenced by the administration of mercurials, were also used to imply a primary proximal tu- bular effect (4).Potassium secretion, however, which represents a late distal operation was shown to be depressed by the mercurial agents (5, 6).In hydrated man, it was demonstrated that meralluride produced a prompt increase in the rate of excretion of "nonsolute obligated" wa- ter implying a proximal tubular effect on salt and water absorption (7, 8).On the other hand, other observers reported that the administration of organomercurials to hydrated man and dog did not change the rate of free water clearance (9, 10).Recently, utilizing the stop flow technique, several investigators have concluded that, in the dog, the major site of action of the organic mer- curials is confined to the proximal tubule (11,12).Alternatively, some investigators concluded that the distal tubule represented the site of mer- curial action because the magnitude of the diure- sis approximated the quantity of salt and water normally absorbed within the distal tubule (13).Others, who observed that the rate of excretion of
Data collection barriers can be overcome by schemes such as MEDICS
Authors: S. Lamont
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—McColl and Roland say that a validated method by which practices can obtain and use clinical information is needed in order to meet some of the demands on primary care.1 This is particularly relevant in the light of the national service framework for coronary heart disease, which requires that general practitioners identify their patients with ischaemic heart disease and create disease registers by April 2001, and of the requirements of clinical governance frameworks,personal medical services contracts, and local …
Urinary Bladder Herniation into the Scrotum Seen on Bone Imaging
Authors: THEODORE A. LEE, ASLAM R. SIDDIQUI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

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Nuclear Imaging Probes: from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Hans-Jürgen Wester
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The availability of specific imaging probes is the nuclear fuel for molecular imaging by positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. These two radiotracer-based imaging modalities represent the prototype methods for noninvasive depiction and quantification of biochemical processes, allowing a functional characterization of tumor biology. A variety of powerful radiolabeled probes—tracers—are already established in the routine clinical management of human disease and others are currently subject to clinical assessment. Emerging from investigations of the genomic and proteomic signatures of cancer cells, an increasing number of promising targets are being identified, including receptors, enzymes, transporters, and antigens. Corresponding probes for these newly identified targets need to be developed and transferred into the clinical setting. Starting with a brief summary of the characteristics and prerequisites for a “good tracer,” an overview of tracer concepts, target selection, and development strategies is given. The influence of the imaging concepts on tracer development is also discussed.
A Diabetes Potpourri, Part 1
Authors: Zachary T Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

The essayist Charles Lamb wrote, “The good things of life are not to be had singly, but come to us with a mixture (1).” This column and the next report on recent lectures covering topics from the etiology of type 1 diabetes to the causes of its complications, from the potential role of pancreas transplantation to the understanding of hypoglycemia in IDDM, show the breadth of research and the potential promise of new treatments in the field.
Those Two Martinis Before Dinner Every Night
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1975)

REMEMBER the joke about two psychiatrists who meet on an elevator. The first psychiatrist says, "Good morning!" The second says (to himself), "What did he mean by<i>that?</i>" When someone casually asks about those two drinks every evening before dinner, the first question the physician might in turn ask (himself) is, why is he asking this question? Has an Authority for All Seasons at your friend's luncheon club said to him, "Drinking like that on an empty stomach will ruin a man's liver"? Think back, did your friend say two martinis before dinner or was it before lunch? Has your patient been listening to the radio and learned that alcoholism is our worst drug problem? One person in ten, or seven, or twenty has a drinking problem. A doubt begins to grow and he asks himself, "Have I got a problem?" Maybe his wife has asked the question, "George, do
Dual EGFR/HER2 Inhibition Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Androgen Withdrawal by Suppressing ErbB3
Authors: Liqun Chen, Benjamin A. Mooso, Maitreyee K. Jathal, Anisha Madhav, Sherra D. Johnson, Elyse van Spyk, Margarita Mikhailova, Alexandra Zierenberg-Ripoll, Lingru Xue, Ruth L. Vinall, Ralph W. deVere White, Paramita M. Ghosh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Patients with recurrent prostate cancer are commonly treated with androgen withdrawal therapy (AWT); however, almost all patients eventually progress to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), indicating failure of AWT to eliminate androgen-sensitive prostate cancer. The overall goal of these studies is to determine whether dual inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinases epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 would prolong the effectiveness of this treatment in prostate cancer.We used androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and its CRPC sublines LNCaP-AI and C4-2. Additional data were collected in pRNS-1-1 cells stably expressing a mutant androgen receptor (AR-T877A), and in nude mice harboring CWR22 tumors. Studies utilized EGFR inhibitors erlotinib and AG1478, and HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab and AG879.Dual EGFR/HER2 inhibition induced apoptosis selectively in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells undergoing AWT, but not in the presence of androgens, or in CRPC cells. We show that AWT alone failed to induce significant apoptosis in androgen-dependent cells, due to AWT-induced increase in HER2 and ErbB3, which promoted survival by increasing Akt phosphorylation. AWT-induced ErbB3 stabilized the AR and stimulated PSA, while it was inactivated only by inhibition of both its dimerization partners EGFR and HER2 (prostate cancer cells do not express ErbB4); but not the inhibition of any one receptor alone, explaining the success of dual EGFR/HER2 inhibition in sensitizing androgen-dependent cells to AWT. The effectiveness of the inhibitors in suppressing growth correlated with its ability to prevent Akt phosphorylation.These studies indicate that dual EGFR/HER2 inhibition, administered together with AWT, sensitize prostate cancer cells to apoptosis during AWT.
Chronobiology of Recombinant Leptin Therapy—Reply
Authors: Steven B. Heymsfield
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current Serodiagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis
Authors: Sidney Olansky
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In recent years there has been a resurgence of syphilis in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis rose from a low of 6,399 in 1956 to 22,969 in 1964, with nearly half of the recent cases occurring in teen-agers and young adults. Reported cases of infectious syphilis among teen-agers have increased by more than 213% since 1956. Apparently there are many additional cases which, for various reasons, are not reported, and a consideration of these raises the probable number of cases in 1964 to more than 120,000.<sup>2</sup>Thus it seems timely to consider both the interpretation of serologic tests for syphilis and the treatment of this infection. <h3>Consideration of Serologic Tests</h3> Although there have been a number of changes in the serologic testing and therapy of syphilis since a publication in 1961 by one of us,<sup>3</sup>much of that basic information is still