tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 327: NADPH Oxidase-dependent Signaling Involved In Endothelial Cell Survival And Proliferation: Role Of Nox2 And Nox4
Authors: Hitesh Peshavariya, Stavros Selemidis, Grant Drummond, Fan Jiang, Gregory J Dusting
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective: Endothelial cells (EC) produce a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which act as mediators of signaling for proliferation, migration, differentiation and cell death. The major source of ROS in EC at rest is the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex. We aimed to determine the roles of the Nox2 and Nox4 catalytic subunits of NADPH oxidase in proliferation and survival of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Methods: Intracellular superoxide was measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence and lucigenin chemiluminescence, and total ROS by dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate assay. Nox4 and Nox2 protein expression was measured by Western blot, and cell proliferation was quantitated by trypan blue exclusion and a tetrazolium-based MTS assay. EC survival was measured by caspase3/7 activity. Results: The expression of Nox4 (but not Nox2) protein, superoxide and total ROS, were all significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05, N = 4) under proliferative conditions (sparse culture or serum addition) than in quiescent (dense culture or serum-starved) cells. Suppression of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS with specific siRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation as shown below. Under proliferative conditions phosphorylation of ERK and Akt were increased. Suppression of Nox4-derived ROS production reduced the phosphorylation of both ERK and Akt, whereas suppression of Nox2 reduced only Akt phosphorylation. Further, suppression of Nox2, but not Nox4, significantly activated caspase3/7 (P &lt; 0.05, N = 4). Thus Nox4-derived ROS act to promote proliferation of EC via ERK and Akt signaling, whereas Nox2 prevents apoptotic signaling via Akt and caspase3/7. Conclusion: Nox isoform-derived ROS act via distinct signaling pathways to promote EC proliferation and survival. Selective modulation of Nox-type NADPH oxidase could be a useful approach for blocking angiogenesis or for therapeutic angiogenesis in chronic ischemia or tissue engineering.
Heart Rate Variability in the Prediction of Risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Amit Shah, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Gun control and suicide in Ontario
Authors: P J Carrington, S Moyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

To assess the impact of the 1978 Canadian gun control law on suicide rates in Ontario, the authors compared firearm and nonfirearm suicide rates for 1965-1977 with those for 1979-1989. There was a decrease in level and trend over time of firearm and total suicide rates and no indication of substitution of other methods. These decreases may be only partly due to the legislation.
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: V. K Joshi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—I had hoped to see a mention of the need for oral care for patients with cancer in the review article by Sanderson et al on squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, but I was again disappointed.1 Patients with head and neck cancers must receive a dental assessment and oral care before and after their treatment to ensure minimisation of oral complications for an improved quality of life. The clinical guidelines published by the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 2000 state that a clear pathway of care is necessary to prevent or minimise oral complications.2

However, many patients with cancer still receive no proper dental assessment or preventive treatment to minimise or avert the known and common oral complications of radiation treatment. This may be due, in part, to the lack of resources and recognised local standards of dental care for such patients, as well as to lack of information and apathy.

The Restorative Dentistry Oncology website (www.rdoc.org.uk) was created to increase awareness of the oral complications of cancer treatments and to help patients, dentists, and doctors to find free information on oral cancer easily. The website includes first hand accounts of patients' experiences. A discussion forum offers patients, carers, and interested members of the public the opportunity to ask questions, help others, share ideas and opinions, and learn about other people's experiences in dealing with head and neck cancers. The guides for patients and professionals link to other websites dealing with basic aspects of oral cancer such as treatment and complications. Links cover other concerns that doctors rarely address but that are just as important, such as the financial implications of cancer, financial planning and support, and personal care and support.

A section on tobacco risks includes links on the connection between chewing Gutkha or paan and developing mouth cancer. Although this is mainly a problem on the Indian subcontinent, the United Kingdom has a sizeable immigrant population that continues with these habits. Other sections cover treatment, complications, and spiritual help. A daily dental cartoon helps to bring humour.

I hope that doctors will find the website useful and recommend it to patients and their carers should they ask for information. Oral care for patients with cancer needs more than lip service.
Abstract 13390: Metabolomic Changes during Short-term Water-only Fasting: the FEELGOOD Trial
Authors: Benjamin D Horne, James E Cox, Ren Miao, Joseph B Muhlestein, Amy R Butler, Heidi T May, John F Carlquist, Jeffrey L Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Routine, periodic fasting is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease and diabetes in coronary angiography patients, and may reduce weight and alter metabolic risk in obese people. Fasting reportedly extends longevity in animals. This study evaluated the effect of fasting on metabolic profiles among apparently healthy people. Methods: Individuals (N=30) with no fasting history underwent a 24-hour water-only fast and 24 hours of ad libitum eating in a randomized cross-over trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01059760). All participants were free from cardiovascular diseases. Study endpoints included 75 metabolic analytes measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. With the Bonferroni correction, p≤0.000667 was needed for statistical significance (p≤0.05 was suggestively significant). Results: Participants averaged 43.6±13.5 years of age and 66.7% were female. The 24-hour fasting intervention reduced plasma levels of proline (p=0.00002), tyrosine (p=0.00033), urea (p=0.00034), and galactitol (p=0.00058) compared to the eating day. Overall, 29 factors had p≤0.05 (the expected type I error rate at p≤0.05 for 75 hypothesis tests is 4 false positives), including 16 amino acids (all were reduced by fasting) and 6 fatty acids (all were increased by fasting). Among participants randomized to fast the first 24 hours (n=16), 48-hour levels had returned to baseline for all 29 factors except for suggestively significant lower final values of pyruvate (p=0.014), glutamic acid (p=0.025), and tryptophan (p=0.028). Conclusion: A 24-hour fasting intervention reduced plasma levels of two amino acids (proline, tyrosine), and metabolomics literature connects lower proline and tyrosine with lower insulin resistance, better cognitive function, and less depression. The other findings confirm the known utilization of urea in the natriuresis of fasting (via excretion of nitrogen) that may lower blood pressure and that, during fasting, glucose is stored as galactose such that galactitol production is limited and fatty acids are used for energy. Changes in these four plus potentially 25 other metabolites suggest a beneficial health impact, which along with the potential to reduce insulin resistance warrants further study of fasting.
Is there a “magic” hemoglobin number? Clinical decision support promoting restrictive blood transfusion practices
Authors: Lawrence Tim Goodnough, Neil Shah
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Blood transfusion has been identified as one of the most frequently performed therapeutic procedures, with a significant percentage of transfusions identified to be inappropriate. Recent key clinical trials in adults have provided Level 1 evidence to support restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices. However, some advocates have attempted to identify a "correct" Hb threshold for RBC transfusion; whereas others assert that management of anemia, including transfusion decisions, must take into account clinical patient variables, rather than simply one diagnostic laboratory test. The heterogeneity of guidelines for blood transfusion by a number of medical societies reflects this controversy. Clinical decision support (CDS) uses a Hb threshold number in a smart Best Practices Alert (BPA) upon physician order, to trigger a concurrent utilization self-review for whether blood transfusion therapy is appropriate. This review summarizes Level 1 evidence in seven key clinical trials in adults that support restrictive transfusion practices, along strategies made possible by CDS that have demonstrated value in improving blood utilization by promoting restrictive transfusion practices.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia as a Late Clonal Complication in Children With Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Akira Ohara, Seiji Kojima, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Masahiro Tsuchida, Shinsaku Imashuku, Shigeru Ohta, Hideki Sasaki, Jun Okamura, Kanji Sugita, Hisato Kigasawa, Yukio Kiriyama, Junichi Akatsuka, Ichiro Tsukimoto
Journal: Blood (1997)
Relationships of age and axis I diagnoses in victims of completed suicide: a psychological autopsy study
Authors: Y Conwell, P R Duberstein, C Cox, J H Herrmann, N T Forbes, E D Caine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

Psychiatric illness is a potent risk factor for suicide, rates of which differ markedly with age. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the psychiatric diagnoses of suicide victims vary predictably with age.DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses of 141 persons aged 21 to 92 years who had completed suicide were established by the psychological autopsy method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether age, gender, or their interaction predicted the presence of specific disorders.One or more axis I conditions were diagnosable in 90.1% of the suicide victims. Substance use disorders were most frequent, followed by mood disorders and primary psychotic illness. Younger age at death was a significant predictor of substance abuse or dependence and primary psychoses, while older age predicted major mood disorders. Comorbidity of substance use and mood disorders was common. Among victims with substance abuse or dependence, older age at death predicted major depression; among victims with mood disorders, younger age at death predicted comorbid substance abuse or dependence.The distribution of psychiatric illnesses in suicide victims differs across the life course. Age-related patterns of addictive and psychotic disorders echo their prevalence in the general population. In contrast, the relationship between age and mood disorders among suicide victims is distinctly different from that of the general population. These findings suggest that risk for suicide increases with age in individuals with major affective illness. Depressed elderly men are particular targets for suicide prevention strategies.
Surgical treatment of descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Authors: Arkadiy Visotskiy, Denys Stupachenko, Dmitriy Vegner, Vadim Takhtaulov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Surgical treatment of descending necrotizing mediastinitis remains one of the most complex and unresolved problems in thoracic surgery. High level of mortality (up to 70%) is indicative for it9s actuality.  Material and methods: The study based on an analysis of treatment 158 patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis of following localization: upper anterior – 45, upper posterior - 28, upper total - 20, total anterior - 20, total posterior - 15, total - 30.  Results: Surgical treatment undergone 152 patients (six was not operated and died within two hours after admission). Overall mortality was - 37,7%, postoperative - 35,5%. The results of clinical application of new methods of draining of anterior and posterior mediastinum are presented.  Conclusions: Surgery method remains the main in the treatment of descending mediastinitis. The results of treatment can be improved by timely diagnostics, adequate mediastinal draining, adequate homeostasis correction, “open” cervical wound treatment, tracheosthomy only in cases of impossibility of intubation.
Overview: narcissistic personality disorder
Authors: Akhtar S, Thomson Ja
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors trace the evolution of narcissistic personality disorder as a nosological entity in a critical survey of the literature, considering and comparing differing theoretical viewpoints regarding the genesis of this disorder. They review its various descriptions, including the one in DSM-III, and develop a composite picture of the syndrome. The disorder consists of characteristic deficits in six broad areas of functioning: 1) self-concept, 2) interpersonal relationships, 3) social adaptation, 4) ethics, standards, and ideals, 5) love and sexuality, and 6) cognitive style. The authors identify guidelines for distinguishing the narcissistic personality from other personality disorders as well as areas needing continued research.
Automated Quantification of Stenosis Severity on 64-Slice CT
Authors: Mark J. Boogers, Joanne D. Schuijf, Pieter H. Kitslaar, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Fleur R. de Graaf, Eric Boersma, Joëlla E. van Velzen, Jouke Dijkstra, Isabel M. Adame, Lucia J. Kroft, Albert de Roos, Joop H.M. Schreur, Mark W. Heijenbrok, J. Wouter Jukema, Johan H.C. Reiber, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is a proviral host factor for hepatitis C virus
Authors: Erin M. McCartney, Karla J. Helbig, Sumudu K. Narayana, Nicholas S. Eyre, Amanda L. Aloia, Michael R. Beard
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Host factors play an important role in all facets of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle and one such host factor is signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The HCV core protein has been shown to directly interact with and activate STAT3, while oxidative stress generated during HCV replication in a replicon-based model also induced STAT3 activation. However, despite these findings the precise role of STAT3 in the HCV life cycle remains unknown. We have established that STAT3 is actively phosphorylated in the presence of replicating HCV. Furthermore, expression of a constitutively active form of STAT3 leads to marked increases in HCV replication, whereas, conversely, chemical inhibition and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of STAT3 leads to significant decreases in HCV RNA levels. This strongly implicates STAT3 as a proviral host factor. As STAT3 is a transcription factor, up-regulation of a distinct set of STAT3-dependent genes may create an environment that is favorable for HCV replication. However, STAT3 has recently been demonstrated to positively regulate microtubule (MT) dynamics, by way of a direct sequestration of the MT depolymerizing protein Stathmin 1 (STMN1), and we provide evidence that STAT3 may exert its effect on the HCV life cycle by way of positive regulation of MT dynamics.We have demonstrated that STAT3 plays a role in the life cycle of HCV and have clarified the role of STAT3 as a proviral host factor.
IgM exacerbates glomerular disease progression in complement-induced glomerulopathy
Authors: Sarah E. Panzer, Jennifer Laskowski, Brandon Renner, Liudmila Kulik, Danica Ljubanovic, Kendra M. Huber, Weixiong Zhong, Matthew C. Pickering, V. Michael Holers, Joshua M. Thurman
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Consistency of memory for combat-related traumatic events in veterans of Operation Desert Storm
Authors: S M Southwick, C A Morgan, A L Nicolaou, D S Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The nature of traumatic memories is currently the subject of intense scientific investigation. While some researchers have described traumatic memory as fixed and indelible, others have found it to be malleable and subject to substantial alteration. The current study is a prospective investigation of memory for serious combat-related traumatic events in veterans of Operation Desert Storm.Fifty-nine National Guard reservists from two separate units completed a 19-item trauma questionnaire about their combat experiences 1 month and 2 years after their return from the Gulf War. Responses were compared for consistency between the two time points and correlated with level of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).There were many instances of inconsistent recall for events that were objective and highly traumatic in nature. Eighty-eight percent of subjects changed their responses on at least one of the 19 items, while 61% changed two or more items. There was a significant positive correlation between score on the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at 2 years and the number of responses on the trauma questionnaire changed from no at 1 month to yes at 2 years.These findings do not support the position that traumatic memories are fixed or indelible. Further, the data suggest that as PTSD symptoms increase, so does amplification of memory for traumatic events. This study raises questions about the accuracy of recall for traumatic events, as well as about the well-established but retrospectively determined relationship between level of exposure to trauma and degree of PTSD symptoms.
Abstract 4727: Specific Coronary Drug-Eluting Stents Interfere With Distal Microvascular Function After Single Stent Implantation
Authors: M. van den Heuvel, O. Sorop, W.W. Batenburg, C. Bakker, R. de Vries, H.M.M. van Beusekom, D.J. Duncker, A.H.J. Danser, W.J. van der Giessen
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Reviving academic medicine in Britain
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Education and debate pp 630, 633, 636 

Without high quality research there can be no high quality evidence on which to base effective health care. But in Britain the infrastructure which generates that research has long been sick. 1 2 Three papers in this week's journal, a recent meeting, and a new report suggest some treatments. At a symposium on careers in academic medicine organised by the BMA's Joint Consultants Committee and the Department of Health last October, researchers, teachers, trainees, and funding bodies agreed on the problems and sketched out a plan. A report due out in April from the Academy of Medical Sciences should move the plan a step nearer to realisation, by detailing a new career structure for clinician-researchers. The question now is who will make it happen?

Recruitment of doctors to academic posts is at an all time low.2 Especially in surgery, junior academic training positions cannot be filled, and in some specialties senior lectureships, readerships, and even chairs are empty. Bright medical graduates are unwilling …
Association of Intensive Care Unit Admission With Mortality Among Older Patients With Pneumonia
Authors: Thomas S. Valley, Michael W. Sjoding, Andrew M. Ryan, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Colin R. Cooke
Journal: JAMA (2015)

IMPORTANCE Among patients whose need for intensive care is uncertain, the relationship of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with mortality and costs is unknown.OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between ICU admission and outcomes for elderly patients with pneumonia.
Multimodality Imaging of Giant Right Coronary Aneurysm and Postsurgical Coronary Artery Inflammation
Authors: Csilla Celeng, László Székely, Attila Tóth, Mónika Dénes, Csaba Csobay-Novák, Andrea Bartykowszki, Mihály Károlyi, Hajnalka Vágó, Sándor Szőke, Otavio R. Coelho Filho, Péter Andréka, Béla Merkely, Pál Maurovich-Horvat
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Abstract 345: Effects of Cannula Size in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Peter Czobor, Kishan Parikh, Sandeep Nathan, Janet Karol, Atman P Shah
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The degree of circulatory support that patients treated with veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) receive is limited by the size of the arterial cannula. However, the use of ECMO is associated with significant morbidity related to complications of cannulation, including limb ischemia and need for blood transfusion. We investigated the relationship between cannula size and clinical outcomes as well as transfusion needs in patients treated with VA ECMO. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with percutaneous VA ECMO at the University of Chicago Medical Center from January to December 2012. Baseline characteristics, size of arterial cannula, blood transfusions, and outcomes were recorded. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the association between survivor status and cannula size (15 vs greater than 15 Fr). Association between cannula size and transfusion of packed red blood cells over the first 24 hours of treatment was determined using a quadratic regression model. Results: Percutaneous VA ECMO was initiated in 15 patients. 7 patients were alive at 30 days after ECMO initiation. The use of a smaller cannula was significantly associated with survival (P &lt; 0.01) There was an association between the size of the arterial cannula and blood transfusion needs (P &lt;0.01). Two patients experienced significant hemorrhage related to cannulation. Other major complications included HIT (1) and DIC (1). Limb ischemia was not seen as all patients underwent anterograde cannulation at time of ECMO initiation. Conclusions: Use of smaller arterial cannulae in VA ECMO was associated with increased survival and there was a correlation between cannula size and need for transfusion. Smaller cannulae result in lower flow rates, but also in reduced vascular complications. Further study is warranted to determine the balance between providing circulatory support and reducing complications in patients treated with VA ECMO.