tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Promoting Informed Decision Making for Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Trials
Authors: Elliott M. Weiss, Steven Joffe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Cognitive effects of corticosteroids
Authors: O M Wolkowitz, V I Reus, H Weingartner, K Thompson, A Breier, A Doran, D Rubinow, D Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

In three independent studies with different designs and groups of subjects, the authors found that 1) depressed patients who did not suppress cortisol when given dexamethasone (compared to suppressors and normal control subjects), 2) healthy volunteers given a single 1-mg dose of dexamethasone (compared to those given placebo), and 3) healthy volunteers given 80 mg/day of prednisone for 5 days (compared to those given placebo) all made significantly more errors of commission in verbal memory tasks, with no significant change in their rates of errors of omission. These findings raise the possibility of specific corticosteroid-related cognitive impairments.
Regression of plane warts following spontaneous inflammation.
Authors: HACHIRO TAGAMI, ATSUHIKO OGINO, MASAHIRO TAKIGAWA, SADAO IMAMURA, SHIGEO OFUJI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

This paper describes the clinical and histopathological features in ten cases of spontaneously involuting plane warts. In all, rapid regression occurred after the sudden development of an inflammatory reaction. At an early stage a degenerative change appears in the upper epidermis and the typic features of the warts are masked. At the height of the reaction an intense mononuclear cell infiltrate in the dermis associated with epidermal spongiosis, exocytosis cell necrosis and focal parakeratosis is found. It is suggested that the development of cell mediated immunity may be responsible for spontaneous involution of warts.
Bioconductance as adjunctive technique for evaluation of patients with lung masses detected by chest CT
Authors: Karleen Callahan, Rex Yung, Ming-Ying Zeng, Michael Garff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  CT screening may reduce LC mortality in high risk subjects but also find many masses with indeterminate features resulting in invasive procedures for benign lesions.   Aims:  We hypothesize that trans-thoracic bioelectrical conductance measurements may discriminate benign from malignant CT-detected lesions.   Methods:  41 subjects with CT-detected masses and or lung cancer symptoms such as cough, hoarseness, dyspnea, hemoptysis, weight loss or recurrent respiratory infections enrolled. Prior to biopsy, measured 9 parameters at 62 sites were conducted with Bioconductance Scan Platform (BSP). For each subject a composite score from collected data was calculated and an optimal cut-point set to discriminate between the malignant and benign outcomes selected.   Results:  26 pathology-confirmed NSCLC, 2 SCLC, 1 carcinoid whereas 12 had a benign outcome based on pathology (9) or stable follow-up CT (3). BSP data for LC cases: 26 true positives, 3 false negatives (including the carcinoid), 90% sensitivity. For benign cases, the BSP resulted in 1 false positive,11 true negatives, 92% specificity. The overall ROC from BSP analysis was 91%.   Conclusion:  BSP bioconductance measurements is associated strongly with a thoracic cancer or benignity. A technology that non-invasively provides adjunctive information to CT scanning to decide whether biopsy or further follow-up is appropriate will be an important clinical tool.
Physical Examination and Diagnostic Anatomy.
Authors: Charles Blount Slade
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bcl-2 / Bcl-xL mediate ROS production in pancreatic cancer cells leading to the inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Izumi Ohno, Anna Gukovskaya, Irina Odinokova, Raj Batra, Stephen Pandol
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4581 

Background and Aims: The inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins is a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Two inhibitors of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, BH3I-2’ and HA-14, have recently become available and were shown to induce death in several different cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cells are notoriously resistant to apoptosis and overexpress both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL on apoptosis in PaCa cells and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods: Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were inhibited pharmacologically by BH3I-2’ and HA-14, or by siRNA silencing in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. We measured apoptosis with Cell Death ELISA and Annexin V/PI staining using flow cytometry ; cytochrome c release by Western blot; reactive oxygen species (ROS), with the fluorescent dye DCF. Mitochondria were isolated from PaCa cells by differential centrifugation. In isolated mitochondria, we measured the effects of BH3I-2’ and HA-14 on ΔΨm, respiration and ROS using, TPP+ and Clark electrodes and the fluorescent dye Amplex-Red, respectively. Results: Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors and the siRNA silencing of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL both induced apoptosis effectively. The inhibitors induced apoptosis in the range of concentrations (25-100 μM) at which they inhibited Bcl-2/Bcl-xL activities, as measured by fluorescence polarization assay. At the molecular level, inhibiting Bcl-2/Bcl-xL stimulated cytochrome c release and inhibited mitochondrial ROS production, resulting in a decrease in intracellular ROS. The observed stimulation of cytochrome c release, a key mediator of apoptosis, represents one mechanism through which the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition induces apoptosis in PaCa cells. Another mechanism whereby Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition induces death responses could be through inhibition of ROS. Indeed, we recently showed that ROS play a pro-survival role in PaCa cells by activating anti-apoptotic pathways such as PI3K/Akt. ROS are also known to mediate proliferation of cancer cells. Conclusions: Bcl-2/Bcl-xL promote survival of pancreatic cancer cells at least in part by their ability to increase ROS production. The ROS, in turn, promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.
Appropriateness of Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Ordering Before and After Implementation of Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: Peter S. Hussey, Justin W. Timbie, Lane F. Burgette, Neil S. Wenger, David J. Nyweide, Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (2015)

This observational study uses computerized radiology order entry and clinical decision support systems to examine the proportion and appropriateness of those orders placed by participating clinicians in 8 states between the baseline and intervention periods.
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach
Authors: Joseph T. DiPiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy cardiovascular disorders respiratory disorders gastrointestinal disorders renal disorders neurologic disorders psychiatric disorders endocrinologic disorders gynaecologic and obstetric disorders immunologic disorders bone and joint disorders disorders of the eyes, ears, nose and throat dermatologic disorders hermatologic disorders infectious diseases oncologic disorders nutrition and nutritional disorders.
Overlapping functional activities of proteasome inhibitor, NPI-0052, and HDAC inhibitors contribute to synergistic cytotoxicity in leukemia cells
Authors: Claudia Miller, Michael Palladino, Joya Chandra
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3255 

We have previously shown that an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, NPI-0052 (Nereus Pharmaceuticals), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) synergistically induce apoptosis in leukemia cell lines in a caspase-8 and oxidant dependent manner. Furthermore, these lethal effects with NPI-0052 and HDACi were more potent than those obtained when HDACi were combined with the reversible proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib. To determine the mechanisms by which NPI-0052 and HDACi may be synergizing, we examined inhibition of proteasome activity and histone acetylation, the proximal targets of these compounds. Increased acetylation of histone-3 was detected by western blot in human Jurkat (T-cell ALL) cells treated with both NPI-0052 and MS-275 (SNDX-275) compared to cells exposed to either single agent. Interestingly, these results indicate that the proteasome inhibitor is also eliciting classical chromatin associated epigenetic alterations as demonstrated by hyper-acetylation of histone-3. In addition, real-time PCR revealed that three structurally different HDACi, MS-275, SAHA (vorinostat) and valproic acid, decreased expression of the proteasomal β5 subunit, which contains the rate limiting activity of the proteasome: the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity. This reduction of β5 expression affected proteasome function since we detect a decrease in CT-L activity after 12 h with 5 μM MS-275 compared to cells treated with diluent (P < 0.01). Further inhibition of CT-L activity was achieved with the combination of 5 μM MS-275 and 0.5 nM NPI-0052 compared to either treatment alone (P < 0.005). This effect was reversed by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant . Ex vivo combination treatment of mononuclear cells isolated from an AML patient with 5 nM NPI-0052 and HDACi, MS-275 (1-5 μM) or SAHA (100-500 nM), resulted in an increase of the subdiploid population. Analysis of a range of doses using the Chou and Talalay method determined NPI-0052 and HDACi treatment displayed greater synergism (CI = 0.241 for 5 μM MS-275 and CI = 0.248 for 500 nM SAHA) compared to bortezomib (CI = 0.401 for 5 μM MS-275 and CI = 0.701 for 500 nM SAHA). These data, together with the effects of HDACi on β5 subunit expression and proteasome activity, and NPI-0052 on acetylation reinforces the potential of clinical utility of combining these two compounds. Overall, our results suggest that overlapping activities by NPI-0052 and HDACi are contributing, along with caspase-8 activation and oxidative stress, to their synergistic cytotoxic effects in leukemia cells.
The Physiology of Large Reptiles with Special Reference to the Heat Production of Snakes, Tortoises, Lizards and Alligators.
Authors: Francis Gano Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transgenic rescue of defective Cd36 ameliorates insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Pravenec M, Landa, Zidek, Musilova A, Kren, Kazdova L, Aitman Tj, Glazier Am, Ibrahimi A, Abumrad Na, Qi N, Wang Jm, St Lezin Em, Kurtz Tw
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Medical professional involvement in smartphone ‘apps’ in dermatology
Authors: A.D. Hamilton, R.R.W. Brady
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Smartphones (mobile phones with advanced computing capability) are rapidly gaining in popularity, and with the advent of downloadable applications known as 'apps', their potential to deliver healthcare is increasingly recognized. There are now thousands of medical apps available. However, recent concerns regarding safety, confidentiality, quality of content and regulation in this rapidly evolving field of information technology have been raised. We have conducted a survey of contemporary dermatology‐themed smartphone apps in which we specifically examined the authorship in order to gauge the prevalence of medical professional involvement in app development and content. Seventy‐nine dermatology‐themed smartphone apps were identified through four major online app stores. Forty‐nine (62%) apps provided reference materials, ranging from searchable, illustrated databases of common skin conditions to portals for accessing online versions of popular dermatology textbooks and journals. Ten (13%) apps offered dermatology‐based questions/multiple‐choice questions. Eight (10%) apps were intended for use as a diagnostic aid, including disease severity scoring calculators [e.g. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) for psoriasis], apps helping to formulate differential diagnoses, and those providing automated photoanalysers for risk stratification of solitary skin lesions. Among additional apps are those providing a means of self‐monitoring (n = 5, 6%), for example allowing patients to photograph their skin lesions, plot them on a diagram and compare them over time. Seven (9%) miscellaneous apps included a video tutorial demonstrating how to perform skin biopsies; an app containing the necessary software to use a physical dermoscope attachment; and an app detailing various dermatology patient support groups.
The Creation of Eve
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Phase 1/2 multicenter trial of BMS-690514, an ErbB/VEGF receptor inhibitor: Biomarker and early clinical evaluation in patients with advanced solid tumors, including NSCLC
Authors: Christopher Harbison, Jong-Soon Park, Oksana Mokliatchouk, Teresa Has, Joan Kelsey, Sherri Luroe, Steven Zhang, Tai Wong, Shirin Khambata-Ford, David Berman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A1  Background:  BMS-690514 is an oral, potent and selective inhibitor of ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2), ErbB4, and VEGFR1-3 with activity in a wide range of tumor cell lines dependent on ErbB signaling.  Methods:  A two-part clinical study was initiated to 1) define the MTD and characterize the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of BMS-690514 in patients with advanced solid tumors and 2) assess clinical activity of BMS-690514 in advanced NSCLC patients (erlotinib naive and prior erlotinib) treated at the MTD of 200 mg.  Predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of ErbB and VEGFR signaling were assessed in tumor tissue (ErbB pathway gene amplification and mutations), pre- and post-treatment skin biopsies, whole blood (gene polymorphisms), plasma samples (soluble VEGFR) and measurements of arterial blood pressure.  Results:  As of an interim analysis (Feb 2008), 28 pts had been treated in the dose escalation phase of the study, with an identified MTD of 200 mg daily. In the NSCLC expansion phase, a total of 42 pts had been treated, 17 in the erlotinib naive arm and 25 in the prior erlotinib arm.  As of the interim analysis cut-off date, evidence of tumor shrinkage has been observed in both cohorts of the NSCLC expansion phase. One erlotinib naive pt with a deletion in EGFR exon 19 experienced a PR (34.3+ wks on study). Three additional erlotinib naive pts experienced a 21-41% tumor shrinkage (7.4+ to15.4+wks on study) including 1 with EGFR mutation and 1 with wild type EGFR. In the prior erlotinib cohort, 1 PR (11.4+wks) was observed in a pt who had a best respone of PD on prior erlotinib. Four additional pts who had received prior erlotnib have a 7-24% tumor shrinkage (4.7+ to 15.3+ wks on study), including 2 with T790M EGFR mutation (7% and 24% tumor shrinkage). In the dose escalation phase, one patient with EGFR FISH-positive esophageal cancer experienced an objective response at 300 mg. PD biomarkers for VEGFR inhibition demonstrate an increase in mean systolic BP and a decrease in soluble VEGFR2. Immunohistochemical biomarkers of EGFR signaling in skin biopsies demonstrate an increase in p27 and decrease in pMAPK. Exploratory proteomic and mutation analyses of plasma samples are planned.  Conclusions:  Daily 200 mg BMS-690514 was generally well tolerated, with mild-moderate, reversible, and predominantly mechanism-based AEs. Based on PD biomarkers, BMS-690514 inhibits EGFR and VEGFR signaling which was consistent with encouraging evidence of anti-tumor activity in patients with NSCLC, including those with prior erlotinib exposure and with T790M mutation.
Patients given extra oxygen during surgery have less nausea
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The incidence of nausea after a general anaesthetic can be reduced by half simply by giving patients more oxygen during and after surgery, according to a study in the November issue of Anesthesiology (1999;91:1246-52). The study involved researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, and in Vienna, Austria.

About half of 231 …
Lesson of the week: Adrenaline given outside the context of life threatening allergic reactions
Authors: S. L Johnston
Journal: BMJ (2003)

1. Various esters of betaine have, unlike betaine itself, a marked physiological action (chiefly a muscarine action). The toxicity and physiological action of the methyl, ethyl and <i>n</i>-butyl esters diminish with increasing molecular weight. The esters also have "nicotine" actions but these are not pronounced. 2. The amide of betaine is physiologically active ("muscarine" and "nicotine" actions) but this action is much less intense than that of some of the esters. 3. The substitution of a hydrogen atom in the methylene group of betaine ester by an alkyl group led to a diminution of toxicity and of the muscarine action, the diminution of the muscarine action increasing with increasing molecular weight. The introduction of a phenyl group practically abolished the intense "muscarine" action of the ester. These compounds had a weak stimulating nicotine action and a more pronounced paralyzing nicotine action. 4. Triethylphosphonium compounds analogous to betaine ethyl ester and to choline and to acetyl-choline did not have a "muscarine" action but had a marked paralyzing but no stimulating nicotine action.
TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVER IN IMMUNIZED SUBJECTS
Authors: A H ROSENBLUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

Article1 August 1949TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVER IN IMMUNIZED SUBJECTSARTHUR H. ROSENBLUM, M.D.ARTHUR H. ROSENBLUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-31-2-235 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis paper undertakes to report a series of 17 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever occurring in immunized army personnel on Okinawa between August and November 1945. Hodgson1reported a series of 84 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from Lima, Peru—12 of whom had been previously immunized within three years of the onset. One of the immunized patients died. Tullis2reported a group of seven cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever occurring in immunized army personnel in Sicily. Later Syverton3and his associates reported a series of 24 cases from Okinawa, which is stated to be the first recorded...Bibliography1. HODGSON CH:Typhoid and paratyphoid fever; experience with 84 cases, Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin., 1945, xx, 257. Google Scholar2. TULLIS JL: Typhoid in previously immunized subjects, War Med., 1945, vii, 95. Google Scholar3. SYVERTONCHINGCHEEVERSMITH JTREFSAB: Typhoid and paratyphoid A in immunized military personnel, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxi, 507. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois*Received for publication March 25, 1948. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1949Volume 31, Issue 2Page: 235-244KeywordsArmed forcesFeversParatyphoidTyphoid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1949 PDF downloadLoading ...