tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Type 1 interferon signature in the scalp lesions of alopecia areata
Authors: M. Ghoreishi, M. Martinka, J.P. Dutz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Autoimmune attack of the bulbar region of anagen phase hair follicles by CD8+ T cells and Th1 cytokines has been proposed to result in hair loss in alopecia areata (AA). The initiating stimuli are unknown. As interferon-α therapy may trigger AA, we propose that type 1 interferons are involved in the induction of disease. Objectives To compare lesional scalp from patients with AA with scalp lesions of cutaneous diseases associated with local type 1 interferon-related protein expression. Methods Lesional scalp of patients with AA, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris and androgenetic alopecia was examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of the type 1 interferon-inducible myxovirus protein A (MxA), the chemokine receptor CXCR3, and the cytotoxic proteins granzyme B (GrB) and T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen 1 (TiA-1). Results MxA was expressed in the intradermal and subcutaneous compartments of the hair follicle including sebaceous glands in inflammatory AA similar to lesions of cicatricial alopecia (discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris) but not in the epidermal compartment of AA, and not at all in noninflammatory AA or androgenetic alopecia. The location of CXCR3-expressing cells correlated with MxA expression. The inflammatory cells around the hair follicle in AA included a lower number of GrB+ and TiA-1+ cells compared with cicatricial alopecia and demonstrated predominant TiA-1+ expression. Conclusions We demonstrate the expression of type 1 interferon-related proteins in the inflammatory lesions of AA. The distribution pattern of the interferon signature and cytotoxicity-associated proteins in AA differs from cicatricial alopecia.
Blood Cadmium Levels and Incident Cardiovascular Events during Follow-up in a Population-Based Cohort of Swedish Adults: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Lars Barregard, Gerd Sallsten, Björn Fagerberg, Yan Borné, Margaretha Persson, Bo Hedblad, Gunnar Engström
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background:Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The only published longitudinal study on cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease was performed in American Indians with relatively high cadmium exposure.Objectives:Our aim was to examine the association between blood cadmium at baseline and incident cardiovascular events in a population-based study of Swedish men and women with cadmium levels similar to those of most European and U.S. populations.Methods:A Swedish population-based cohort (n = 6,103, age 46–67 years) was recruited between 1991 and 1994. After we excluded those with missing data on smoking, 4,819 participants remained. Acute coronary events, other major cardiac events, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality were followed until 2010. Associations with blood cadmium (estimated from cadmium in erythrocytes) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression including potential confounders and important cardiovascular risk factors.Results:Hazard ratios for all cardiovascular end points were consistently increased for participants in the 4th blood cadmium quartile (median, 0.99 μg/L). In models that also included sex, smoking, waist circumference, education, physical activity, alcohol intake, serum triglycerides, HbA1c, and C-reactive protein, the hazard ratios comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of exposure were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.7) for acute coronary events, and 1.9 (1.3, 2.9) for stroke. Hazard ratios in never-smokers were consistent with these estimates.Conclusions:Blood cadmium in the highest quartile was associated with incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in our population-based samples of Swedish adults. The consistent results among never-smokers are important because smoking is a strong confounder. Our findings suggest that measures to reduce cadmium exposures are warranted, even in populations without unusual sources of exposure.Citation:Barregard L, Sallsten G, Fagerberg B, Borné Y, Persson M, Hedblad B, Engström G. 2016. Blood cadmium levels and incident cardiovascular events during follow-up in a population-based cohort of Swedish adults: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:594–600; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509735
Real Life Efficacy and Safety of Axitinib (Axi) in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (Rcc): Results from the Spanish Compassionate Use Program
Authors: P. Maroto, N. Lainez, E. Esteban, M. Espinosa, M.J. Juan, O. Etxaniz, C. Suarez, J.M. Sepúlveda, G. Rubio, J.A. Arranz Arija, L. Jimenez, M.I. Saez, J. Puente, I. Chirivella Gonzalez, E. Gallardo, J.M. Jurado, J. Garcia-Donas, M. López Brea, M. Garrido, D. Soto de Prado y Otero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Microcirculation in Intestinal Villi
Authors: YOSHIKI NAKAJIMA, NATHALIE BAUDRY, JACQUES DURANTEAU, ERIC VICAUT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Using intravital microscopy, we studied the effects of hemorrhagic and endotoxin (ETX) shock on the velocity of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBC]) and the density of perfused villi in mouse small intestine. The mice were divided into four groups: control, normotensive sepsis (a low ETX group, 1.5 mg/kg intravenously), hypotensive sepsis (a high ETX group, 10 mg/kg intravenously), and a hemorrhagic group. One hour after endotoxemia or hemorrhage was induced, mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in the high ETX and hemorrhagic groups (72.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg in the control group, 71.0 ± 2.4 in the low ETX group, 42.7 ± 1.8 in the high ETX group, 43.0 ± 1.4 in the hemorrhagic group, respectively). We found significant decreases in RBC velocities in the villous tip and capillaries in both ETX groups but not in the hemorrhagic group (in villus tip arteriole, 1.25 ± 0.02 mm/s, 0.80 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.01, 1.20 ± 0.08; in villus capillaries, 0.55 ± 0.02, 0.38 ± 0.02, 0.10 ± 0.01, 0.61 ± 0.02, for control, low ETX, high ETX, and hemorrhagic groups, respectively). We also found a significant decrease in the density of RBC-perfused villi in the high ETX and hemorrhagic groups but not in the low ETX or control groups. However, the change in the hemorrhagic group was much less than in the high ETX group (100.0 %, 95.2 ± 1.6, 32.5 ± 1.9, 87.3 ± 3.4, for control, low ETX, high ETX, and hemorrhagic groups, respectively). We concluded that ETX induces a significant decrease in mucosal perfusion characterized by a diminution in RBC velocity and flux in villi found even in a normotensive situation. At a high dose of ETX, these changes are associated with a significant decrease in the number of perfused villi. In addition, we found that at the same level of hypotension, hemodynamics and mucosal perfusion disorders are considerably larger in ETX-induced hypotension than in hemorrhagic hypotension.
Hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts: Anti-expansion effect of electrospun poly ε-caprolactone on heparin-coated decellularized matrices
Authors: Wenhui Gong, Dong Lei, Sen Li, Peng Huang, Quan Qi, Yijun Sun, Yijie Zhang, Zhe Wang, Zhengwei You, Xiaofeng Ye, Qiang Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Prognostic Evaluation of a Multicenter Cohort of 484 Patients with Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: M.A. Vicente Conesa, L. Faez Garcia, M. Garrido, A. Custodio, C. López, L. Visa, J. Gallego Plazas, S. Fernandez Arrojo, A. Ramchandani, C. Murias, V. Iranzo, M. Múgica, C. Giraldo, N. Hindi, F. Erpel, E. Pineda, E. Buxo, E. Jofré, P. Jimenez Fonseca, A. Carmona-Bayonas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Do physically active and not physically active adult subjects with bronchiectasis have different clinical and functional characteristics
Authors: Rodrigo Athanazio, Samia Zahi Rached, Anderson Alves de Camargo, Tatiane Soares Amaral, Fernanda de Cordoba Lanza, Luciana Malosa Sampaio, Alberto Cukier, Regina Carvalho-Pinto, Celso Ricardo Fernandes Carvalho, Rafael Stelmach, Simone Dal Corso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: There is growing interest in assessing physical activity in daily life (PADL) in chronic lung diseases. However, PADL has never been studied in adult subjects with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (nCF-BCt).  Aim: To compare the functional and clinical characteristics between physically active (PA, ≥ 7,500 steps/day) and not physically active (nPA,   Methods: Eighty subjects (50 women) were evaluated. PADL was assessed according to number of steps taken, calculated over three consecutive days (Yamax, PW-610 model, Tokyo, Japan). The subjects underwent spirometry, an incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), bioelectrical impedance (fat-free mass index, FFMi), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Dyspnea was determined using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using St. George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).  Results are shown in Table 1.  Conclusion: nPA subjects with nCF-BCt have higher dyspnea levels and worse pulmonary function, functional capacity, and HRQoL than PA subjects do.
Abstract 326: Cd36 Deficiency Reduces Obesity-associated Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In Heart
Authors: Tahar Hajri, Mohamed Gharib, Thomas V Fungwe
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is often associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mounting evidence shows that diabetes is associated with structural and functional changes in the heart. CD36 protein is highly expressed in heart and regulates lipid utilization in cardiacmyocytes. In this paper, we investigated the impact of CD36 expression on obesity-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in heart. METHODS: Studies were conducted in control lean (WT), obese leptin deficient (Lep Ob/Ob ) and leptin deficient-CD36 null (Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- ) mice. To examine obesity-associated insulin resistance, glucose uptake and insulin signaling were examined in adult mouse hearts. Presence of macrophages in heart was examined with immunohistochemisty. Oxidative stress makers and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes were measured in hearts. To evaluate substrate utilization, glucose and fatty acid oxidation was tested in primary cultures of ventricular myocytes. Finally, the activity of pro-inflammatory kinases p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) were examined in cardiacmyocytes challenged with palmitate. RESULTS: In Lep Ob/Ob , glucose uptake and oxidation in heart was lower than lean WT mice, while cardiac FA oxidation was strongly higher. Silencing CD36 in Lep Ob/Ob mouse markedly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in heart, but resulted in marked reduction of FA oxidation. Immunostaining of heart sections with macrophage specific antibody F4/80 showed that macrophage content was higher in myocardium of Lep Ob/Ob mice than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- mice. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, isoprostanes and reactive oxygen species, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in hearts of Lep Ob/Ob than Lep Ob/Ob -CD36-/- mice, although the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were comparable. Chronic overload of Lep Ob/Ob cardiac myocyte with palmitate strongly induced the activity of JNK and p38-MAPK, but was less effective in Lep Ob/Ob -CD36 -/- cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that CD36 deficiency induced a significant reduction of obesity-associated oxidative stress and inflammation in heart in parallel to a drop in fatty acid oxidation.
Dose Intensity in Chemotherapy
Authors: Katia Tonkin, Ian Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

To the Editor: In a recent article, Hryniuk and Bush have established a strong correlation between dose intensity of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy, and the rate of tumor response in patients with metastatic breast cancer. They also observed a significant correlation between rate of tumor response and median survival time (r = .66, P &lt; .001). The authors were careful to avoid the conclusion that there was a direct correlation between dose intensity and median survival, but it is surprising that they did not examine this more important relationship directly. We have used data provided in their paper to test for correlation between median survival time and dose intensity for patients receiving CMF chemotherapy, and find little evidence for a direct relationship (r = .25, P = .27—two-tailed Student's t test). Moreover, if the studies are weighted according to the number of patients in them, the correlation coefficient is even lower (r = .14, P = .50—two-tailed Student's t test). Unfortunately, metastatic breast cancer is not cured by chemotherapy, and appropriate endpoints are those of palliation, namely quantity and quality of survival. Quality of survival cannot easily be addressed in a retrospective review, but increasing dose intensity has the capability both to improve quality of life by ameliorating symptoms of disease, and to decrease it by adding toxicity. Factors such as sites of metastases and performance status of patients are known to influence duration of survival and could mask a relationship with dose intensity. However, the data reviewed by Hryniuk and Bush do not provide evidence for a relationship between dose of chemotherapy and survival. A prospective randomized trial is in progress at our institution that addresses the relationship between dose intensity of CMF chemotherapy and both quantity and quality of survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer. In the absence of results from this and other prospective trials that address the dose-response effect of chemotherapy in palliation, one should not assume that more is better.
Africa's medical brain drain
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A theme issue by, for, and about Africa Results from Ugandan programme preventing maternal transmission of HIVEditor-Since the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in preventing HIV transmission from mother to child was first shown, much effort has been devoted in many countries in Africa to implement sustainable regimens. [1]2][3][4] To identify potential reasons affecting uptake we evaluated the five year performance of a programme at St Francis Hospital Nsambya in Kampala, Uganda.The programme included voluntary counselling and confidential HIV testing for pregnant women and administration of antiretroviral prophylaxis in the peripartum period (zidovudine or nevirapine) for HIV positive women.Overall 24 133 women received counselling, 76% (18 384) agreed to be tested, and 2011 (10.9%) were HIV positive; 1341 (66.7% of the HIV positive women) were enrolled in the programme and received antiretroviral drugs.Acceptance of the test increased from 72.7% (9103/12 524) in 2000-2 to 79.9% (9281/11 609) in 2003-4, when a drug access programme became available in the hospital.Acceptance of the test and enrolment in the programme were lower in married or cohabitating women (test acceptance rate 72.9% (7735/10 605)) than single women (78% (860/1106)), indicating that the fear of being identified as HIV positive in the family is still a strong limiting factor and that men could have an important role.Acceptance of the test was lower in women belonging to the local tribe in Kampala (Baganda), probably because of fear of being recognised by hospital health workers.Higher education was associated with a lower prevalence of HIV and a higher enrolment in the programme, confirming that education can have a key role not only in protecting against HIV but also in allowing HIV positive people to benefit from existing measures against the spread of HIV.
Analysis of superantigenic toxin Vβ T-cell signatures produced during cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and septic shock
Authors: T. Ferry, D. Thomas, T. Perpoint, G. Lina, G. Monneret, I. Mohammedi, C. Chidiac, D. Peyramond, F. Vandenesch, J. Etienne
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Initiation of nocturnal ventilation using an intelligent autotitrating non-invasive ventilator: Impact on ventilatory efficiency, sleep and adherence
Authors: Jay Jaye, Julia Kelly, Rachel Pickersgill, Michelle Chatwin, Mary Morrell, Anita Simonds
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Intro: A novel intelligent non invasive ventilator allows automated set-up & delivery of volume assured ventilation within preset pressure support boundaries adjusting to patient requirements (iVAPS). iVAPS controls nocturnal hypoventilation (NH) comparably to standard non invasive pressure support ventilation (PS) in established NIV users. We hypothesise iVAPS is as effective as PS in naive patients for controlling NH.  Methods:18 patients with chronic obstructive or restrictive disorders & newly diagnosed NH, (mean(SD) age 51(17)yrs, mean day PaO2 9.2(1.2)kPa, PaCO2 6.4(0.7)kPa) completed a randomised crossover study of iVAPS v PS (ResMed Ltd). Baseline FEV1/FVC & respiratory muscle strength (RMS) were repeated at 1 month treatment, plus polysomnography.  Results: iVAPS used less PS for the same ventilatory outcome; 7.7(2.9) v 10.2(2.9)cmH20(p=0.03*).  No differences were seen for FEV1/FVC, RMS or sleep quality; arousal index 16.9(9.2) v 18.1(12.0)(p=0.65), O2 desaturation index 7.2(6.6) v 6.4(6.9)(p=0.59). Adherence was superior with iVAPS; 5.6(2.1) v 4.6(2.3)hrs/day(p=0.002). Patients expressed an iVAPS preference.  Conclusion:iVAPS is as effective as PS initiated by a skilled healthcare professional in controlling NH. It may facilitate NIV use without extensive prior team experience & may encourage compliance/adherence to therapy for patients newly adjusting to NIV.
Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder – a 5 Year Review of Outcome in Newcastle upon Tyne
Authors: P Burgess, P D Murphy, M B Clague
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Patients presenting with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder within Newcastle upon Tyne over a 5 year period (1980-1985) were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age of patients on diagnosis was 74 years. Of the 29 patients diagnosed, two were detected after routine cholecystectomy. Laparotomy was performed in 21 patients (72%) of which only 14 patients had a cholecystectomy performed. Mean survival after surgery was 6.6 months with only one patient alive after 5 years. Metastatic disease was present in 72% of patients. The poor prognosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder reflects its late diagnosis and early metastasis to distant sites. Improvement in survival will depend upon early detection of in situ lesions and identification of at risk patients.
Ligature Applicator and Tier
Authors: Ian Fraser
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

A new instrument is described which holds, carries and ties ligatures in areas where access is limited or vision obscured during traditional hand tying. It has been used during deep pelvic surgery, for cholecystectomy, in highly selective vagotomy and may be useful in peraxillary transthoracic cervical sympathectomy.
Demodex-associated bacterial proteins induce neutrophil activation
Authors: N. O’Reilly, D. Bergin, E.P. Reeves, N.G. McElvaney, K. Kavanagh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Summary Background Patients with rosacea demonstrate a higher density of Demodex mites in their skin than do controls. A bacterium isolated from a Demodex mite from a patient with papulopustular rosacea (PPR) was previously shown to provoke an immune response in patients with PPR or ocular rosacea, thus suggesting a possible role for bacterial proteins in the aetiology of this condition. Objectives To examine the response of neutrophils to proteins derived from a bacterium isolated from a Demodex mite. Methods Bacterial cells were lysed and proteins were partially purified by ÄKTA fast protein liquid chromatography. Isolated neutrophils were exposed to bacterial proteins and monitored for alterations in migration, degranulation and cytokine production. Results Neutrophils exposed to proteins from Bacillus cells demonstrated increased levels of migration and elevated release of matrix metalloprotease 9, an enzyme known to degrade collagen, and cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide. In addition, neutrophils exposed to the bacterial proteins demonstrated elevated rates of interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor-α production. Conclusions Proteins produced by a bacterium isolated from a Demodex mite have the ability to increase the migration, degranulation and cytokine production abilities of neutrophils. These results suggest that bacteria may play a role in the inflammatory erythema associated with rosacea.
Greater parallel heterogeneity of airway narrowing and airway closure in asthma measured by high-resolution CT
Authors: J R Dame Carroll, J S Magnussen, N Berend, C M Salome, G G King
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Heterogeneous airway narrowing and closure are characteristics of asthma. However, they have never been quantified by direct measurements of parallel sister airways obtained from image data, and the anatomical basis of these processes remains unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> Seven normal and nine asthmatic subjects underwent high-resolution CT, before and after methacholine challenge. Mean lumen areas of the entire airways were measured in 28 and 24 parallel sister airway pairs (a pair of airways arising from the same bifurcation) respectively (range 1.0–8.7 mm diameter). Heterogeneous narrowing was defined as the median difference in percentage narrowing between parallel sister airways. Forced oscillatory respiratory resistance (R<sub>rs</sub>) and spirometry were measured before and after methacholine challenge conducted while supine. <h3>Results</h3> The airways of asthmatics were smaller at baseline, and following bronchoconstriction there were similar decreases in FEV<sub>1</sub>, increases in R<sub>rs</sub> and mean narrowing of airways for asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups. Non-asthmatics required higher doses of methacholine than asthmatics to achieve the same changes. However, parallel heterogeneity (median (IQR) 33% (27–53%) vs 11% (9–18%), p&lt;0.001) and airway closure (24.1% and 7.7%, p=0.001, χ<sup>2</sup>) were greater in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found clear evidence of differences in airway behaviour in the asthmatic group. Asthmatic airways were narrower at baseline and responded to inhaled methacholine by more heterogeneous narrowing of parallel sister airways and greater airway closure.
Influence of Continuous Infusion of Low-Dose Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Renal Function During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Akira Sezai, Mitsumasa Hata, Tetsuya Niino, Isamu Yoshitake, Satoshi Unosawa, Shinji Wakui, Shunji Osaka, Tadateru Takayama, Yuji Kasamaki, Atsushi Hirayama, Kazutomo Minami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae in Sweden 1997–2009; evidence of increasing incidence and clinical burden of non-type b strains
Authors: F. Resman, M. Ristovski, J. Ahl, A. Forsgren, J.R. Gilsdorf, A. Jasir, B. Kaijser, G. Kronvall, K. Riesbeck
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)