tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae ESBL positive and staphylococcus MRSA: When to suspect them in CAP?
Authors: Elena Prina, Otavio T. Ranzani, Eva Polverino, Catia Cillóniz, Miguel Ferrer, Laia Fernandez, Jorge Puig de la Bellacasa, Rosario Menéndez, Josep Mensa, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Nosocomial pathogens have been emerging as a cause of community-acquired infections and they need different antibiotic treatment. HCAP definition presented many limitations in the identification of patients at risk. In order to identify different to treat pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we propose the acronym PES:   P   seudomonas aeruginosa ,   E   nterobacteriaceae  extended-spectrum beta-lactamase  (ESBL+) and  methycilline-resistant  S taphylococcus aureus  (MRSA).  Aims:  to compare outcomes of patients with CAP due to PES pathogens with those of patients with pneumonia due to common CAP pathogens and to identify risk factors for PES.  Methods:  By an observational prospective study, we evaluated immunocompetent patients with CAP and an established etiologic diagnosis. We computed a score based on risk factors.  Results  :  Of 4,549 patients, we analyzed 1,597 who presented an etiologic diagnosis. Pneumonia due to PES was identified in 94 (6%) patients with a total of 108 PES pathogens isolated (n=72  P. aeruginosa , n=15 ESBL+ and n=21 MRSA). These patients were older, had more frequently received prior antibiotic and presented acute renal failure (all p Conclusion:  PES pathogens are responsible for CAP with high mortality. These pathogens need a different antibiotic treatment and the score based on risk factors can help clinicians to suspect these etiologies or to identify patients with low risk who need antibiotic recommended by CAP guideline.
Cold-induced microtubule disruption and relocalization of membrane proteins in kidney epithelial cells.
Authors: S Breton, D Brown
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Cold preservation of kidneys is commonly used in human transplantation and in vitro studies. However, although disruption of the cytoskeleton by cold has been demonstrated in cultured cells, the effect of cold treatment on intact kidney is poorly understood. In this study, specific antibodies were used to examine the effect of hypothermia on the cytoskeletal network and the trafficking of some membrane proteins in the urinary tubule. Rat kidneys were cut into thin slices (approximately 0.5 mm) that were divided into several groups: (1) some were immediately fixed in paraformaldehyde, sodium periodate, and lysine (PLP); (2) some were stored at 4 degrees C for 15 min or 4 h before being fixed in cold PLP; or (3) after 4 h cold treatment, some slices were rewarmed to 37 degrees C for 15, 30, and 60 min in a physiologic solution, pH 7.4, and were then fixed in warm PLP. Immunofluorescence staining revealed an almost complete disruption of the microtubule network in proximal tubules after 15 min cold treatment, whereas microtubules in other segments were affected after 4 h. A partial recovery of the microtubule network was observed after 60 min rewarming. In contrast, actin filaments seemed to be resistant to cold treatment. gp330, aquaporin-2, H+ ATPase, and the AE1 anion exchanger were all relocated into numerous vesicles that were distributed throughout the cytoplasm after hypothermia followed by rewarming, whereas Na-K-ATPase retained its basolateral localization. The vasopressin-stimulated insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels into the apical membrane was inhibited during the initial rewarming period after cold exposure. Thus, cold preservation of tissues might impair, at least transiently, the polarized membrane expression and function of some transport proteins in renal epithelial cells.
Guidelines for the Initial Management of Metastatic Brain Tumors: Role of Surgery, Radiosurgery, and Radiation Therapy
Authors: Matthew G. Ewend, David E. Morris, Lisa A. Carey, Alim M. Ladha, Steven Brem
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Brain metastases are an increasingly important determinant of survival and quality of life in patients with cancer. Current approaches to the management of brain metastases are driven by prognostic factors, including the Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor histology, number of metastases, patient age, and status of systemic disease. Most brain metastases are treated with radiosurgery, computer-assisted surgery, or whole brain radiation therapy. Remarkable advances in computer-assisted neuronavigation have made neurosurgical removal of metastases safer, even in eloquent areas of the brain. Computerization also enhances the efficacy and safety of conformal radiosurgery planning using various modern stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) technologies, including newer frameless-based systems. Controversial issues include whether to defer whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients undergoing SRS or image-guided surgery and when to use SRS "boost" in a patient undergoing WBRT. The determination of how best to apply these treatments for individual patients cannot be standardized to a single paradigm, but data from well-controlled studies help physicians make informed decisions about the benefits and risks of each approach.
Risk of Salmonella infection with exposure to reptiles in England, 2004-2007
Authors: A M Aiken, C Lane, G  K Adak
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections are a common cause of gastroenteritis in England. Non-Enteritidis, non-Typhimurium Salmonella serotypes have gained in relative importance in recent years, but their modes of transmission are poorly understood. In a large case-case study in England between 2004 and 2007, the association between exposure to reptiles and Salmonella illness was investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Recent reptile exposure was associated with Salmonella illness with an odds ratio of 2.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.57-3.85, p<0.001), with much stronger effects among children under five years of age. The exposure was rare, and a population attributable fraction was estimated as 0.9%. Among the Salmonella serotypes found in people exposed to reptiles, several non-Enteritidis, non-Typhimurium serotypes were strongly associated with exposure. Reptile exposure is a rare but significant risk factor for Salmonella illness in England, with much higher risk in children.
Increased Sensitivity of Murine Leukemia virus-Infected Tumor Cells to Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Masaharu Kasai, Hideo Yamaguchi, Masuo Hosokawa, Yutaka Mizushima, Hiroshi Kobayashi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The cytotoxic sensitivity of murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-infected and noninfected fibrosarcoma cells in syngeneic inbred WKA/Hok rats was compared by in vitro cell-mediated 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. A highly significant increase in cytotoxic sensitivity of target cells was observe in MuLV-infected tumor cells as compared with noninfected cells when spleen cells from syngeneic tumor-bearing hosts (TBH) were used as a source of effector lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity of spleen cells against MuLV-infected tumor cells was specifically directed to the tumor-associated antigen (TAA), but not to the virus-associated antigen. However, there was no quantitative difference in the amount of TAA on the cell membranes between virus-infected and noninfected tumor cells as measured by a quantitative absorption test of anti-TAA serum. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from TBH against MuLV-infected tumor cells was abrogated by the treatment of anti-T-serum plus complement and significantly decreased after trypsin treatment. Spleen cells from normal rats given injections of immune sera from TBH acquired the cytotoxic activity against MuLV-infected tumor cells.
Mouse Skin Assay of Condensate From Smoking Products Other Than Tobacco
Authors: Peter Bernfeld, Freddy Homburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Mouse Skin Assay of Condensate From Smoking Products Other Than Tobacco Get access Peter Bernfeld, Peter Bernfeld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Freddy Homburger Freddy Homburger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 4, April 1976, Pages 741–747, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.4.741 Published: 01 April 1976 Article history Received: 13 March 1975 Revision received: 15 August 1975 Accepted: 28 October 1975 Published: 01 April 1976
Efficiency of molecular methods for epidemiological investigation in tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Katarzyna Kruczak, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopec, Monika Kozinska, Grazyna Passak-Standa, Mariusz Duplaga, Zofia Zwolska, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction. High prevalence of tuberculosis in Poland may related to active transmission.  Objectives. The assessment of the transmission of TB in the city of Krakow with genetic methods and with standardized epidemiological interview and the comparison of these methods.  Methods. In years 2007-2011 genomic DNA samples isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains coming from 274 patients were analysed by spoligotyping and IS6110-Mtb1-Mtb2 PCR method. The strains were assessed as identical if their DNA patterns were the same in both methods. In IS6110-Mtb1-Mtb2 PCR method DNA profile obtained in both PCR reactions should be identical.  Results. Among 274 strains, 122 genetic patterns (spoligotypes) were identified. Unique spoligotypes occured in 91 strains; remaining 183 strains belonged to 31 clusters stemming from the same spoligotypes. The application of the IS6110-Mtb1-Mtb2 PCR in next stage of the analysis, allowed reducing the number of clusters to 18 with 91 strains. The clusters included 2-14 patients and covered one third of analysed samples. The clusters were dominated by men below 50 years old, smokers, AFB(+), with strains sensitive to first-choice antituberculosis agents. The standard epidemiological inerviews did not reveal neither direct close nor periodic contacts between the patients included in clusters (only three clusters comprised prisoners from the same penitentiary and three homeless persons with periodic contacts).  Conclusion. The assessment of transmission of TB should be based on scrupulous epidemiological interview and on molecular genetic methods. Active transmission in Krakow in years 2007-2011 was responsible for 30% of diagnosed TB cases.
Late-breaking abstract: Wii Fit ™-step is a suitable exercise in rehabilitation programs in patients with COPD: A feasibility study
Authors: Tanguy Marqueste, Fabien Lassus, Olivier Castagna, Daniel D'Amore, Bruno Escarguel, Louis Marqueste
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Patient with COPD can be involved in pulmonary rehabilitation program, by using cycle ergometer exercises. They often give up with this exercise either during the program or when they have to manage it themselves.  16 patients (FEV1% =52±3%) underwent two sessions of incremental exercise to their limit of tolerance first on a cycle ergometer, and then on Wii Fit step game by adjusting the frequency of movements and the step height.  Ventilatory threshold (VTh1), heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen uptake, RER (respiratory exchange ratio) and their respective timing were determined and compared within each session.  We found many similarities between these exercises. No difference was obtained regarding the time to exhaustion, the occurrence of Vth1 and VO2max. VO2max value and oxygen uptake at Vth1 were similar, and maximal HR at the end of exercise, or HR at Vth1 and at VO2max were not different during the two tests. Vth1 was obtained at 58±11% of the maximal HR on cycle ergometer and at 66±9% for on Wii Fit, with a RER being below 1, i.e. mainly aerobic exercise. Finally a majority of patients had preferred the Wii Fit-step (50%) or had no specific preference (31%).  Therefore we conclude that this exergame is a suitable tool for further chronic rehabilitation programs in patients with COPD, inducing similar cardiopulmonary workload, and it could increase both the patients9 involvement and their motivation.
Cardiac and Renal Prostaglandin I2
Authors: Philip Needleman, Sue D. Bronson, Angela Wyche, Mark Sivakoff, K. C. Nicolaou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Both the isolated perfused rabbit heart and kidney are capable of synthesizing prostaglandin (PG) I(2). The evidence that supports this finding includes: (a) radiochemical identification of the stable end-product of PGI(2), 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), in the venous effluent after arachidonic acid administration; (b) biological identification of the labile product in the venous effluents which causes relaxation of the bovine coronary artery assay tissue and inhibition of platelet aggregation; and (c) confirmation that arachidonic acid and its endoperoxide PGH(2), but not dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and its endoperoxide PGH(1), serve as the precursor for the coronary vasodilator and the inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The rabbit heart and kidney are both capable of converting exogenous arachidonate into PGI(2) but the normal perfused rabbit kidney apparently primarily converts endogenous arachidonate (e.g., generated by stimulation with bradykinin, angiotensin, ATP, or ischemia) into PGE(2); while the heart converts endogenous arachidonate primarily into PGI(2). Indomethacin inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase unmasks the continuous basal synthesis of PGI(2) by the heart, and of PGE(2) by the kidney. Cardiac PGI(2) administration causes a sharp transient reduction in coronary perfusion pressure, whereas the intracardiac injection of the PGH(2) causes an increase in coronary resistance without apparent cardiac conversion to PGI(2). The perfused heart rapidly degrades most of the exogenous endoperoxide probably into PGE(2), while exogenous PGI(2) traverses the heart without being metabolized. The coronary vasoconstriction produced by PGH(2) in the normal perfused rabbit heart suggests that the endoperoxide did not reach the PGI(2) synthetase, whereas the more lipid soluble precursor arachidonic acid (exogenous or endogenous) penetrated to the cyclooxygenase, which apparently is tightly coupled to the PGI(2) synthetase.
Disease of the Coronary Arteries Associated With Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans of the Extremities
Authors: Edgar V. Allen, Frederick A. Willius
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 July 1929Disease of the Coronary Arteries Associated With Thrombo-Angiitis Obliterans of the ExtremitiesEDGAR V. ALLEN, M.D., FREDERICK A. WILLIUS, M.D.EDGAR V. ALLEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK A. WILLIUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-1-35 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is probable that the process characteristic of thrombo-angiitis obliterans involves vessels in areas other than the extremities more commonly than is believed. Such involvement may only be recognized by careful clinical and pathologic investigation. We have not had an opportunity to examine cases of thrombo-angiitis obliterans after death. Necropsy was performed in seven cases recorded in the literature. Evidence of disease of the coronary arteries was found in four. A summary of these four cases follows:Case reported by Buerger.—A man aged twenty-four years with thrombo-angiitis obliterans died suddenly following a Gritti-Stokes amputation of the right thigh. He had...Bibliography(1) BROWNALLENMAHORNER GEEVHR: Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1928, 219 pp. Google Scholar(2) BUERGER L: The Circulatory Disturbances of the Extremities Including Gangrene, Vasomotor and Trophic Disorders. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1924, 628 pp. Google Scholar(3) LEMANN V: Coronary Occlusion in Buerger's Disease (Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans). Am. Jour. Med. Sc., 1928, clxxvi, 807-812. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(4) LEWIS D: Spontaneous Gangrene of the Extremities. Arch. Surg., 1927, xv, 613-625. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(5) PERLA D: An Analysis of Forty-one Cases of Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans; with a Report of a Case Involving the Coronaries and the Aorta. Surg., Gynec., and Obst., 1925, xli, 21-30. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Submitted for publication March 22, 1929. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnatomie und Pathologie der KoronararterienPathology and pathogenesis of Buerger's diseaseThe epidemiology of aortic and peripheral atherosclerosisZum Krankheitsbild der CoronaritisA Critical Evaluation of Thromboangiitis ObliteransCoronary artery thrombosis, with recovery, in a case of thromboangiitis obliterans 1 July 1929Volume 3, Issue 1Page: 35-39KeywordsCoronary arteriesStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lack of Association Between Cancer Incidence and Residence Near Petrochemical Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area2
Authors: Charles D. Hearey, Hans Ury, Abraham Siegelaub, Melvin K. P. Ho, Herbert Salomon, Robert L. Cella
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Lack of Association Between Cancer Incidence and Residence Near Petrochemical Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area Get access Charles D. Hearey, Charles D. Hearey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Ury, Hans Ury Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abraham Siegelaub, Abraham Siegelaub Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Melvin K. P. Ho, Melvin K. P. Ho Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert Salomon, Herbert Salomon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert L. Cella Robert L. Cella Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 6, June 1980, Pages 1295–1299, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.6.1295 Published: 01 June 1980 Article history Received: 05 July 1979 Accepted: 10 December 1979 Published: 01 June 1980
Immunotherapy of a Carcinogen-Induced Murine Sarcoma With Soluble Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Barry D. Kahan, Tsuguo Tanaka, Neal R. Pellis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA), extracted from the 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma MCA-F and partially purified by flat-bed isoelectric focusing, were used to treat syngeneic inbred C3H/HeJ mice bearing supralethal neoplastic challenges. Three weekly injections of 25 micrograms TSTA increased the survival times of hosts inoculated 1 day earlier with ten times the lethal dose of MCA-F cells. In another protocol TSTA injections decreased the incidence and outgrowth of a local metastasis in mice given sc supralethal inoculations and completely resected of established 1-cm tumors. In addition, weekly injections of 25 micrograms MCA-F TSTA decreased the tumor recurrence rate and increased the survival times of hosts with recurrent neoplastic disease by virtue of residual tumor cells following resection of 2-cm masses. The therapeutic effect of TSTA was immunologically specific: Animals cured of local MCA-F recurrences promptly died from primary challenge with the non-cross-reacting sarcoma MCA-D. The results suggest that active specific immunotherapy may represent a useful adjunct to treatment of hosts bearing modest tumor burdens.
Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury, 2nd Editionedited by SilverJonathan M., M.D., McAllisterThomas W., M.D., and Yudofsky,Stuart C., M.D. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2011, 686 pp., $159.00.
Authors: Charles W. Hoge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)
Change in ESWT, CAT and CCQ after 9 weeks' COPD rehabilitation program
Authors: Berend Oenema, Wytske Altenburg, Hester, d Vaart, Johan Wempe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) is increasingly used as an outcome measure in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Questionnaires such as the clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) and COPD assessment test (CAT) have till now been mainly used for defining severity, e.g. in the new GOLD classification and during clinical follow-up. However, these questionnaires might also be useful in the assessment of effects of PR.   Aim:  To investigate if ESWT, CCQ and CAT are responsive instruments to measure changes after pulmonary rehabilitation.   Methods:  In this prospective study patients with COPD received a 9 weeks9 multidisciplinary PR program. ESWT, CCQ and CAT were assessed before and after rehabilitation. Internal responsiveness was investigated by paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test and by calculating effect sizes.   Results:  62 COPD patients were included (31 men, mean+SD age 59.5±9.0 years, FEV1 42.3±18.0 %pred, ISWT 200±112.3m and baseline CCQ and CAT resp. 3.1 and 24.6). After nine weeks of rehabilitation ESWT, CCQ and CAT scores significantly changed compared to baseline (Table). The change in ESWT did not correlate with changes in CAT or CCQ.   Conclusion:  ESWT, CCQ and CAT significantly improved after PR and effect sizes of all parameters were also clinically relevant. ESWT, CCQ and CAT seem to be responsive instruments for evaluating effects of PR.
Virus-Like Particles in a Case of Human Prostate Carcinoma2
Authors: Yuji Ohtsuki, Gabriel Seman, Leon Dmochowski, James M. Bowen, Douglas E. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Two morphologically different types of intracisternal virus-like particles were observed electron microscopically in a biopsy specimen of human prostate cancer. Particles of one type were 150-200 nm in diameter and contained either an electron-dense core or two concentric inner layers. Particles of the other type were smaller, 80-100 nm in diameter, and appeared mostly in filamentous or chainlike formation. Both types of particles and budding were observed in endoplasmic cavities of epithelial tumor cells. The particles had ultrastructural characteristics that suggested a viral nature but were different from the known type B, type C, or type H (hamster type R) virus particles. This was the first election microscopic observation in prostate cancer of virus-like particles similar to those previously reported in a case of human breast carcinoma.