tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin C and hyperglycemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer--Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study: a population-based study.
Authors: L A Sargeant, N J Wareham, S Bingham, N E Day, R N Luben, S Oakes, A Welch, K T Khaw
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between plasma vitamin C, self-reported diabetes, and HbA1c. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from a population-based study of diet, cancer, and chronic disease were analyzed. A total of 2,898 men and 3,560 women 45-74 years of age who were registered with general practices in Norfolk, U.K., were recruited to the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer-Norfolk study between 1995 and 1998. RESULTS: Mean plasma vitamin C levels were significantly higher in individuals with HbA1c levels &amp;lt; 7% than in those with self-reported diabetes or prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia (HbA1c &amp;gt; or = 7%). An inverse gradient of mean plasma vitamin C was found in both sexes across quintiles of HbA1c distribution &amp;lt; 7%. The odds ratio (95% CI) of having prevalent undiagnosed hyperglycemia per 20 micromol/l (or 1 SD) increase in plasma vitamin C was 0.70 (0.52-0.95) (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, tertiary education, any use of dietary supplements, vegetarian diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary vitamin E, dietary fiber, dietary saturated fat, and smoking history). The unadjusted change in HbA1c per 20 micromol/l increase in vitamin C estimated by linear regression was -0.12% (-0.14 to -0.09) in men and -0.09% (-0.11 to -0.07) in women. After adjusting for the possible confounders, these values were -0.08% (-0.11 to -0.04) in men and -0.05% (-0.07 to -0.03) in women. CONCLUSIONS: An inverse association was found between plasma vitamin C and HbA1c. Dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be an important public health strategy for reducing the prevalence of diabetes.
The Antitumor Agent Imexon Activates Antioxidant Gene Expression: Evidence for an Oxidative Stress Response
Authors: Amanda F. Baker, Terry Landowski, Robert Dorr, Wendy R. Tate, Jaime M.C. Gard, Breonna E. Tavenner, Tomislov Dragovich, Amy Coon, Garth Powis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers that may be predictive for the clinical activity of the redox-active antitumor agent imexon. Experimental Design: cDNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR were used to identify global changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from patients treated with imexon during a phase I trial. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blot analysis were done using the RPMI8226 myeloma cell line grown in vitro and PBMCs treated ex vivo to investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for these gene changes. Results: Both cDNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR showed the up-regulation of many antioxidant genes, including thioredoxin reductase-1, glutaredoxin-2, and peroxiredoxin-3 in PBMCs collected from patients treated with imexon. Studies in PBMCs treated ex vivo and RPMI8226 myeloma cells showed that imexon increased binding to the activator protein-1 consensus sequence measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Supershift analysis showed that the majority of the activator protein-1 DNA binding activity was c-Jun, with minor contribution of Jun-D. Nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 1)-like 2 transcription factor and its binding to the antioxidant response element was also increased after imexon treatment, which correlated with an increase in the message levels for nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 1)-like 2/antioxidant response element–regulated antioxidant genes. Conclusions: Together, these results show that a predominant biological effect of imexon is a change in redox state that can be detected in surrogate normal tissues as increased redox-sensitive transcription factor binding and increased antioxidant gene expression.
Complications of Immunization
Authors: B. Malmgren, B. Vahlquist, R. Zetterstrom
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To test the hypothesis that in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) there is involvement outside of mesial structures and that this involvement affects serotonin systems, thus suggesting a mechanism for affective symptoms in this population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Serotonin 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor binding was studied with PET and [Carbonyl-<sup>11</sup>C]WAY-100 635 in 14 patients (6 with left-, 8 with right-sided mesial temporal lobe focus) and 14 controls. The 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor binding potential was calculated for hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal, insular, lateral temporal, and anterior cingulate cortex, in raphe nuclei, and in two regions presumably uninvolved in the epileptogenic process (parietal, and dorsolateral frontal neocortex). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The binding potential was reduced in the epileptogenic hippocampus (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) and amygdala (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) in all patients, including the six with normal [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET and MRI. It was also reduced in the anterior cingulate (<i>p</i> = 0.002), insular (<i>p</i> = 0.015), and lateral temporal cortex (<i>p</i> = 0.029) ipsilaterally to the focus, in contralateral hippocampus (<i>p</i> = 0.025), and in the raphe nuclei (<i>p</i> = 0.016). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients with severe MTLE show reduced 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor binding potential in the EEG-focus, and its limbic connections. [<sup>11</sup>C]WAY-100 635 PET may provide additional information to EEG, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET, and MRI when evaluating patients with intractable seizures. Reductions in 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> binding in the insula and cingulate suggest a mechanism by which affective symptoms in MTLE may result.
The clinical estimation of liver size: a comparison of techniques and an analysis of the source of error.
Authors: S Sullivan, N Krasner, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The clinical estimation of liver size using radioisotope scintiscans as a standard of reference has been shown to be very inaccurate. The main source of error is in the location of the upper border of the liver. Physical characteristics of the patients influence this measurement.
Regulation of Neutrophil Apoptosis by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Requirement for TNFR55 and TNFR75 for Induction of Apoptosis In Vitro
Authors: Joanna Murray, Jeffrey A.J. Barbara, Sarah A. Dunkley, Angel F. Lopez, Xaveer Van Ostade, Alison M. Condliffe, Ian Dransfield, Christopher Haslett, Edwin R. Chilvers
Journal: Blood (1997)
What Were Those Crystals? The Dissolution and Disintegration of Insulin
Authors: E. H. Massey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In reference to the recent PHOTO/ESSAY entitled "Dissolution of Human Insulin" by Schade et al,<sup>1</sup>which describes observations made during in vitro dissolution experiments of human insulin isophane suspension (NPH), we commend the authors on their desire to understand the dissolution of insulin crystals in subcutaneous tissue and on the quality of their scanning electron microscopy. However, their essay contains several incorrect statements regarding commercial NPH insulin. The Figure in the article shows partially dissolved, tetragonally shaped NPH crystals and a larger, cube-shaped crystal. This large crystal is repeatedly referred to as an "ultralente crystal," but the authors are incorrect in their speculations that this is the case. It is well documented by Schlichtrull et al<sup>2</sup>that ultralente crystals are formed under the following specific conditions: pH of 5.5 to 5.9, in 1.2 mmol/L (70 mg/mL) of sodium chloride, and in the presence of excess
THE TREATMENT OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS WITH ACETARSONE (STOVARSOL)
Authors: George Gellhorn
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The subject of trichomonas vaginitis has received adequate attention in this country only in the last few years. Today, however, it is common knowledge that a copious, thin, yellow vaginal discharge with small air bubbles and a disagreeable odor represents a condition that is separate and distinct from all other forms of vaginitis; the physical characteristics of this discharge, the marked irritation of the vaginal mucosa and the intense discomfort are typical enough. To make the diagnosis absolutely certain, a drop of the discharge is diluted with a drop of water and examined under a cover glass or in the hanging drop, and the trichomonads are easily recognized by their lively rotating motion. Trichomonas vaginitis is intractable by the usual therapy of vaginal discharge. That fact is best evidenced by the large number of methods that have been recommended; in the last few years no less than six different modes
CD40-targeted dendritic cell delivery of PLGA-nanoparticle vaccines induce potent anti-tumor responses
Authors: Rodney A Rosalia, Luis J Cruz, Suzanne van Duikeren, Angelino T Tromp, Ana L Silva, Wim Jiskoot, Tanja de Gruijl, Clemens Löwik, Jaap Oostendorp, Sjoerd H van der Burg, Ferry Ossendorp
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Prevalence and risk factors for allergic contact dermatitis to topical treatment in atopic dermatitis: a study in 641 children
Authors: C. Mailhol, V. Lauwers‐Cances, F. Rancé, C. Paul, F. Giordano‐Labadie
Journal: Allergy (2009)

There is little information regarding the risk of sensitization associated with topical atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment.To assess the frequency of sensitization to topical treatment of AD in children and to determine risk factors associated with skin sensitization.Six hundred and forty-one children with AD were systematically patch tested with seven agents of common topical treatment: chlorhexidine, hexamidine, budesonide, tixocortol pivalate, bufexamac, sodium fusidate and with the current emollient used by the child. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, age at onset of AD, associated asthma, severity of AD, and history of previous exposure to topical agents used in the treatment of AD. Skin prick tests to inhalant and food allergens were used to explore the IgE-mediated sensitization.Forty-one positive patch tests were found in 40 patients (6.2%). Allergens were emollients (47.5%), chlorhexidine (42.5%), hexamidine (7.5%), tixocortol pivalate and bufexamac (2.5% each). Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD treatment were AD severity [OR: 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.5-7.1 for moderate to severe AD], AD onset before the age of 6 months (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-6.1), and IgE-mediated sensitization (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.9).Topical treatment of AD is associated with cutaneous sensitization. Antiseptics and emollients represent the most frequent sensitizers and may be included in the standard series in AD children when contact dermatitis is suspected. Risk factors associated with sensitization to AD topical treatments are AD severity, early AD onset and IgE-mediated sensitization.
Accurately Estimating Cervical Cancer Screening Overuse Among Older Women—Reply
Authors: Minal S. Kale, Alex D. Federman, Salomeh Keyhani
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
LEUCODERMIA UNDERGOING PIGMENTATION ON EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT
Authors: K. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1911)

ICALJOUMALETICODERMIA UIID]2"RGOING PIGMflNqATION.[ DEC. 23, 191T, 1,261, and of these 662, more than half, were performned under spinal anaesthesia.The first cases were done in October, 1907, so that the method has ceased to be a novelty, and the increase has been a gradual one.More- over, a large number of these operations were done by assistant surgeolns or house-surgeons, wlho usecl the aniaesthetic they preferred.To sum up, it is clear that spinial anaesthesia, owing to its limited field, can never replace chloroform.If we are to be limited to one method that must, of course, be general anaesthesia.But, in the ground common to botlh, there is not a vast difference between the two metlhods in ease, safety, and effectiveness, if these are taken togetlher over a large number of cases.What there is, is slightly in favour of general anaesthesia.Yet in a number of cases spinal anaesthesia offers advantages which cannot be got in any other wav, and its apparatus and technique are so simple that it is worth any surgeon's while to use it whenever there is anything definite to be gained by it.In the large number of cases whlere there is nothing to choose between the methods, the use of stovaine becomes a matter of taste and convenience There seems to be a tendency in England to regard spinal anaesthesia as a dangerous method, and one that can only be employed successfully by a few experlts wiho have devoted their attention to it.As far as miy experience goes this is less true than it is of chloroform-the danger of spinal anaesthesia is about the same, and the skill required for its administration less.In conclusion, I should like to express mny especial obligation to Dr. Aly Bey Ibrahim, miiy assistant surgeon, and ml-y thanks to the English and Egyptian residents, especially Dr. Thom and Dr.
Tension prolongation during recovery from myocardial hypoxia
Authors: Oscar H. L. Bing, John F. Keefe, Michael J. Wolk, Lawrence J. Finkelstein, Herbert J. Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The mechanical behavior of isolated cat, rat, and dog ventricular muscle was examined during hypoxia and after reoxygenation. During hypoxia, an early abbreviation of tension duration was followed by a decline in the rate of tension development. After reoxygenation, a marked, early prolongation of tension development and relaxation time was invariably observed with little, if any, increase in peak tension. As recovery progressed, the duration of contraction gradually shortened as tension returned to control levels. This phenomenon was also observed in the intact dog heart after release of a coronary artery ligature. Isometric tension gauges sewn to ischemic portions of the left ventricle demonstrated that after reinstitution of coronary flow, segment tension duration "outlasts" the duration of left ventricular pressure development and is associated with ventricular irritability. Epicardial electrograms showed shortening of the QT interval within the ischemic segment with prolongation of the QT interval after release of the coronary ligature. Prolongation of tension development during recovery from hypoxia was not observed in experiments with rat skeletal muscle. These observations identify localized mechanical abnormalities during recovery from myocardial ischemia which may be important in the syndrome of acute coronary heart disease.
MICROALBUMINURIA IN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IS A STRONG PREDICTOR OF SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS: A MULTI-ETHNIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pawan K. Hari, Vikas Veeranna, Palaniappan Manickam, Rajeev Sudhakar, Jyotiranjan Pradhan, Ashutosh Niraj, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Interaction of cutaneous lymphoma cells with reactive T cells and dendritic cells: implications for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy
Authors: P. Thumann, M. Luftl, I. Moc, M. Bagot, A. Bensussan, G. Schuler, L. Jenne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of skin neoplasms that originate from T lymphocytes. An anti‐CTCL T‐cell immunity has been described but seems to be inefficient to clear CTCL cells. It is not known whether cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs) perpetuate the proliferation of the malignant CTCL cell clone or play a role in the control of this usually slowly progressing disease. Objectives To characterize CTCL cell properties in the control of anti‐CTCL T cells and to pave the way for a DC‐based immunotherapy for CTCL. Methods We studied the interaction of a CTCL cell line with DCs and with allogeneic T cells. Results We found an antigen non‐specific capacity of viable but not apoptotic CTCL cells to hamper CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, indicating a suppressive potential of CTCL cells. Both viable and apoptotic CTCL cells were phagocytosed by immature DCs but only apoptotic CTCL cells induced an upregulation of DC maturation markers to a degree which enabled classification of these DCs as semimature. CTCL cells did not respond with proliferation when encountering allogeneic, mature DCs either loaded with CTCL cell material or unloaded, indicating a role for DCs in the induction of anti‐CTCL T‐cell immunity rather than in perturbation of clonal proliferation. For the loading of DCs with CTCL material lysate seems to be optimal as apoptotic cells were not phagocytosed extensively and necrotic CTCL material induced a partial cellular toxicity in DCs. DCs loaded with CTCL material were cryopreservable without significant loss of DC viability, surface marker expression or allostimulatory activity. Conclusions Together, these data argue in favour for a DC‐based immunotherapy for CTCL patients and provide an experimental protocol for preparing CTCL cell‐loaded DCs.
The role of interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice.
Authors: F P Huang, G J Feng, G Lindop, D I Stott, F Y Liew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Serum from these mice contained significantly higher concentrations of nitrite/nitrate than serum from age-matched control MRL/MP-+/+ (MRL/+), BALB/c or CBA/6J mice. Spleen and peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced significantly more nitric oxide (NO) than those from the control mice when cultured with interferon (IFN) gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. It is interesting to note that peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced markedly higher concentrations of interleukin (IL) 12 than those from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice when cultured with same stimuli. It is striking that cells from MRL/lpr mice produced high concentrations of NO when cultured cells from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice. The enhanced NO synthesis induced by IFN-gamma/LPS was substantially inhibited by anti-IL-12 antibody. In addition, IL-12-induced NO production can also be markedly inhibited by anti-IFN-gamma antibody, but only weakly inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody. The effect of IL-12 on NO production was dependent on the presence of natural killer and possibly T cells. Serum from MRL/lpr mice contained significantly higher concentrations of IL-12 compared with those of MRL/+ or BALB/c control mice. Daily injection of recombinant IL-12 led to increased serum levels of IFN-gamma and NO metabolites, and accelerated glomerulonephritis in the young MRL/lpr mice (but not in the MRL/+ mice) compared with controls injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone. These data, together with previous finding that NO synthase inhibitors can ameliorate autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice, suggest that high capacity of such mice to produce IL-12 and their greater responsiveness to IL-12, leading to the production of high concentrations of NO, are important factors in this spontaneous model of autoimmune disease.
The birth of the American Physician Scientists Association — the next generation of Young Turks
Authors: Freddy T. Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) was started a century ago to foster and to address the needs of the younger physician-scientists.A hundred years later, ASCI remains one of the premier organizations for physician-scientists and one of most well-respected organizations in the medical community.I have had the opportunity and pleasure to interact with the ASCI not only as an organization through my tenure as president of the American Physician Scientists Association, but also with its members over the last four years.In my view, the same characteristics that permeate ASCI the organization also define ASCI the membership -mentorship, exemplary role models, advocacy, and leadership. The American Physician Scientists Association: the beginningsThe American Physician Scientists Association (APSA), started over four years ago, is the only organization led by and dedicated to the physician-scientist trainee population.Since APSA's inception, the ASCI, its leadership, and members have indirectly and directly provided consistent support to APSA and its members.This is a testament to the ASCI as an organization and its members.To bring a little perspective to this piece, I think it would be prudent to provide some background.As an MD/PhD student, I founded APSA as an organization devoted to addressing the needs of physician-scientist trainees along with three other MD/ PhD students.APSA was formed during a time when there was a growing concern within the academic medicine community about the decline of physician-scientists being actively voiced by many, including former and future ASCI presidents, such as Joseph Goldstein, Timothy Ley, Ajit Varki, and Nancy Andrews, to name a few (1-7).Of equal concern was the lack of a national forum for physician-scientist trainees to meet, provide peer mentoring, discuss their research, identify career options, and address training issues across institutions.These initial concerns laid the groundwork for APSA as a national organization dedicated to the career development and community building of physician-scientist trainees.During the formative days of APSA, ASCI member Lawrence Brass first directed us to the Society's interest in fostering and supporting the training and careers of future physician-scientists, leading me to make contact with Kenneth Kaushansky and Leonard Zon, the outgoing and incoming ASCI presidents at the time, who both pledged initial support to the fledging APSA.
Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead
Authors: R. Jan Gurley, Nancy Lum, Merle Sande, Bernard Lo, Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Health care providers and providers of emergency services are sometimes called to help with people who are found alone in their homes either helpless or dead. It is not known who is at risk for being found helpless or dead, what the mortality rates are among those found alive, or how frequently this situation occurs.
New research on autism and measles "proves nothing"
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Controversial new research showing that many children with both autism and bowel disease have the measles virus in their intestinal tissue has fuelled further debate over the possible link between the illness and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine — although no such link is proved in the research.

The paper, to be published shortly by the specialist journal Molecular Pathology (which is co-owned by the BMJ Publishing Group) and already available on its website (http://mp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/54/6/DC1), was highlighted by a television programme ( Panorama , BBC1, 3 Feb) on the safety of the MMR vaccine.

It …