tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMMERCIAL CLASSES OF MILK.
Authors: A. D. MELVIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In view of the elaborate manner in which the necessity for a pure milk supply has been pointed out, and of the many obstacles in the way of obtaining such a supply except through vigorous official supervision, it is believed that if the milk supply is divided into three classes as hereinafter described, and an efficient supervision provided, the consumer will be amply protected in securing clean and uncontaminated milk, therefore the following recommendations are respectfully submitted: That the milk supply of the city be divided into three classes, to be known as Classes 1, 2 and 3. The specifications for certified milk for infants to be the same as recommended by the Milk Commission, and to be known as Class 1. Class 2 to be clean, raw milk from healthy cows as determined by the tuberculin test and veterinary physical examination. The cows to be housed, fed and milked
Point mutations impairing cell surface expression of the common beta subunit (CD18) in a patient with leukocyte adhesion molecule (Leu-CAM) deficiency.
Authors: M A Arnaout, N Dana, S K Gupta, D G Tenen, D M Fathallah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The leukocyte adhesion molecules CD11a/CD18, CD11b/CD18, and CD11c/CD18 (Leu-CAM) are members of the integrin receptor family and mediate crucial adhesion-dependent functions in leukocytes. The molecular basis for their deficient cell surface expression was sought in a patient suffering from severe and recurrent bacterial infections. Previous studies revealed that impaired cell surface expression of Leu-CAM is secondary to heterogeneous structural defects in the common beta subunit (CD18). Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA encoding for CD18 in this patient revealed two mutant alleles, each representing a point mutation in the coding region of CD18 and resulting in an amino acid substitution. Each mutant allele results in impaired CD18 expression on the cell surface membrane of transfected COS M6 cells. One substitution involves an arginine residue (Arg593----cysteine) that is conserved in the highly homologous fourth cysteine-rich repeats of other mammalian integrin subfamilies. The other substitution involves a lysine residue (Lys196----threonine) located within another highly conserved region in integrins. These data identify crucial residues and regions necessary for normal cell surface expression of CD18 and possibly other integrin beta subunits and define a molecular basis for impaired cell surface expression of CD18 in this patient.
Neurological Symptoms in Infective Hepatitis
Authors: C. Lovell
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Background</h3> Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has the highest incidence of disorders causing facial pain. TN is provoked by benign stimuli, like shaving, leading to severe, short-lasting pain. Patients are initially treated using antiepileptic drugs; however, multiple invasive options are available when conservative treatment proves insufficient. Percutaneous radiofrequency treatment of the trigeminal, or gasserian, ganglion (RF-G) is a procedure regularly used in refractory patients with comorbidities. RF-G involves complex needle maneuvering to perform selective radiofrequency heat treatment of the affected divisions. We present a unique case of cranial nerve 4 (CN4) paralysis after RF-G. <h3>Case presentation</h3> A male patient in his 60s presented with sharp left-sided facial pain and was diagnosed with TN, attributed to the maxillary and mandibular divisions. MRI showed a vascular loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery without interference of the trigeminal complex. The patient opted for RF-G after inadequate conservative therapy. The procedure was performed by an experienced pain physician and guided by live fluoroscopy. The patient was discharged without problems but examined the following day for double vision. Postprocedural MRI showed enhanced signaling between the trigeminal complex and the brainstem. Palsy of CN4 was identified by a neurologist, and spontaneous recovery followed 5 months after the procedure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mention of postprocedural diplopia in guidelines is brief, and the exact incidence remains unknown. Different mechanisms for cranial nerve (CN) palsy have been postulated: incorrect technique, anatomical variations, and secondary heat injury. We observed postprocedural hemorrhage and hypothesized that bleeding might be a contributing factor in injury of CNs after RF-G.
John M Fitzpatrick
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

“The best known urologist in the world”



The urologist John Fitzpatrick was a big friendly Irishman with a magnetic personality, who loved to roar with laughter. He had travelled the world for several decades, lecturing on urology at meetings, conferences, and seminars—and winning friends and admirers of myriad nationalities.

On the morning of his death, Fitzpatrick, at 65 years of age, was still robust, enjoyed trekking and cycling. An emeritus professor of surgery at University College Dublin (UCD) and head of research at the Irish Cancer Society, he was looking forward to his next journey, this time to the annual meeting of the American Urological Association in Orlando, Florida.

But while training in his home gym, Fitzpatrick, who was regarded as one of the world’s leading urology academic clinician scientists, fell ill and was rushed by ambulance to hospital.1

Speaking to The BMJ , Roger Kirby, director of the Prostate Centre in London, says, “It is no exaggeration to say that Professor John Fitzpatrick was the best known urologist in the world.” Kirby adds: “He visited almost every country in the world and lectured and taught everywhere he went.” …
Autism in Children Born After In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Lei Feng
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SYNDROME OF EPISODIC CONFUSIONS
Authors: J. Kasanin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

1. Transitory, recurrent psychotic episodes characterized by emotional turmoil, various kinetic phenomena, and dissociation with confusion and hallucinations, followed by complete recovery and amnesia, have been well recognized and described by clinicians in the 19th century. 2. In 1923 Kleist again called attention to this group of cases which he called episodic confusions. He stressed the constitutional background of his cases and emphasized a certain kinship to epilepsy and migraine on this basis. 3. Two cases which seem to fit into this category, and illustrate the difficulty of fitting them into the usual nosological groups, are here presented.
Exposure of the hydrophobic components of porcine lung surfactant to oxidant stress alters surface tension properties.
Authors: N Gilliard, G P Heldt, J Loredo, H Gasser, H Redl, T A Merritt, R G Spragg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We have tested the hypothesis that oxidation of lung surfactant results in loss of surface tension lowering function. Porcine lung surfactant was exposed to conditions known to cause lipid peroxidation (0.2 mM FeCl2 + 0.1 mM H2O2 or 5 microM CuCl2). Lipid peroxidation was verified by detection of conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, fluorescent products, hydroxy alkenals, and loss of unsaturated fatty acids. Exposed samples had significantly diminished surface tension lowering ability in vitro as measured in a bubble surfactometer. Samples exposed to FeCl2 + H2O2 had significantly diminished surface tension lowering ability in vivo as indicated by their reduced ability to improve lung compliance of surfactant-deficient fetal rabbits. Oxidation of phospholipid mixtures with surface tension lowering activity and containing unsaturated acyl groups resulted in partial loss of activity as determined in vitro. These results suggest that the effect of oxidants on lung surfactant function is due, in part, to effects on the phospholipid components and that acute pulmonary inflammation accompanied by oxygen radical production may result in surfactant lipid peroxidation and loss of surface tension lowering function.
Coming to grips with vision and touch
Authors: Melvyn A. Goodale, Jonathan S. Cant
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Dijkerman &amp; de Haan (D&amp;dH) propose a convincing model of somatosensory organization that is inspired by earlier perception-action models of the visual system. In this commentary, we suggest that the dorsal and ventral visual streams both contribute to the control of action, but in different ways. Using the example of grip and load force calibration, we show how the ventral stream can invoke stored information about the material properties of objects originally derived from the somatosensory system.
A CASE OF CLINICAL MORPHŒEA WITH TUBERCULOUS HISTOLOGY*
Authors: W. N. GOLDSMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article A CASE OF CLINICAL MORPHŒEA WITH TUBERCULOUS HISTOLOGY Get access W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant Physician, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Leicester Square Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 6, 1 June 1929, Pages 226–230, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09344.x Published: 01 June 1929
Severe acute respiratory syndrome revisited
Authors: M. Zambon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

See also Papers p 850 

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is an infectious disease in humans that was first recognised in south east Asia in late February 2003.1 Given the disturbing features associated with the disease—which include poorly defined pathogenesis, absence of laboratory diagnostic testing, and failure of known antimicrobial treatments—its emergence prompted the World Health Organization to issue the first global health alert for over a decade. An insidious and non-specific onset and incubation of up to 10-11 days are ingredients that favour community transmission—indeed, early epidemiology indicates spread along international air routes. However, a high proportion of illness has occurred in close contacts of affected individuals, which indicates spread through body fluids and secretions rather than aerosol routes. Despite rigorous procedures for infection control, transmission has continued in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada. This has resulted in yet more rigorous quarantine procedures, which have started to affect the economic life of those areas by reducing travel and trade and by inducing serious concerns in the population.

What …
Slutsky effect does not seem to explain circaseptennial rhythm in ear growth
Authors: P. Onghena, J. Verhulst, D. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—M J Campbell states that the circaseptennial rhythm in ear growth is probably due to the Slutsky effect.1 Slutsky found that the use of moving averages might induce cycles in purely random series.2 It is not clear how and to what extent this effect was relevant to our analysis and how it distorted the P value in Fisher's κ test. …
Bisphenol A Data in NHANES Suggest Longer than Expected Half-Life, Substantial Nonfood Exposure, or Both
Authors: Richard W. Stahlhut, Wade V. Welshons, Shanna H. Swan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundIt is commonly stated in the literature on human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) that food is the predominant BPA exposure source, and that BPA is rapidly and completely cleared from the body. If this is correct, BPA levels in fasting individuals should decrease with increased fasting time.ObjectivesWe set out to investigate the relationship between urine BPA concentration and fasting time in a population-based sample.MethodsWe modeled log BPA urine concentration as a function of fasting time, adjusted for urine creatinine and other confounders, in 1,469 adult participants in the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We estimated the BPA “population-based half-life” (pop½) for a fasting time of 0–24 hr, &lt; 4.5 hr, 4.5–8.5 hr, and &gt; 8.5 hr.ResultsThe overall pop½ for the 0- to 24-hr interval was 43 hr [95% confidence interval (CI), 26–119 hr]. Among those reporting fasting times of 4.5–8.5 hr (n = 441), BPA declined significantly with fasting time, with a pop½ of 4.1 hr (95% CI, 2.6–10.6 hr). However, within the fasting time intervals of 0–4.5 hr (n = 129) and 8.5–24 hr (n = 899), we saw no appreciable decline. Fasting time did not significantly predict highest (&gt; 12 ng/mL) or lowest (below limit of detection) BPA levels.ConclusionsOverall, BPA levels did not decline rapidly with fasting time in this sample. This suggests substantial nonfood exposure, accumulation in body tissues such as fat, or both. Explaining these findings may require experimental pharmacokinetic studies of chronic BPA exposure, further examination of BPA levels and effects in fat, and a search for important nonfood sources.
Making It Possible for General Internal Medicine To Survive
Authors: Robert B. Copeland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Editorials20 April 2004Making It Possible for General Internal Medicine To SurviveRobert B. Copeland, MD, FRCPRobert B. Copeland, MD, FRCPFrom Georgia Heart Clinic, La Grange, GA 30240.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I have practiced for almost 4 decades as a small-town cardiologist who has also provided principal or primary care. In this issue, Larson and the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine got it right (1). They outline a future mission that reaffirms the fundamental strength of internal medicine: breadth and depth. They recognize the potential for teams of clinicians to improve patient care. They highlight the importance of a reimbursement system that rewards high-quality care and good outcomes.Our already overworked and under-reimbursed training programs and physician practices cannot meet the ...References1. Larson EB. Health care system chaos should spur innovation: summary of a report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:639-43. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Girard RA, Mendenhall RC, Tarlov AR, Radecki SE, Abrahamson S. A national study of internal medicine and its specialties: I. An overview of the practice of internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:965-75. [PMID: 443693] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Mendenhall RC, Tarlov AR, Girard RA, Michel JK, Radecki SE. A national study of internal medicine and its specialties: II. Primary care in internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:275-87. [PMID: 464469] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Georgia Heart Clinic, La Grange, GA 30240.Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Robert B. Copeland, MD, Georgia Heart Clinic, 109 Medical Drive, La Grange, GA 30240; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReforming Payment for Primary Care: Making It Happen Gail R. Wilensky Customizing Residency Education Holly J. Humphrey Health Care System Chaos Should Spur Innovation: Summary of a Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine Eric B. Larson and Starting a Conversation about the Future of Internal MedicineGeneralism as Intention Richard J. Baron Working Together—That's Innovation! Howard K. Rabinowitz Metrics 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8Page: 661-662KeywordsElectronic medical recordsForecastingHeartInformation technologyMotivationPatientsQuality indicatorsResidencySub-specialty careVision ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute effects of mildly intoxicating levels of alcohol on left ventricular function in conscious dogs.
Authors: C P Cheng, Z Shihabi, W C Little
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We assessed the effect of alcohol, before and after autonomic blockade, on left ventricular (LV) performance in conscious dogs. 10 animals were instrumented to determine LV volume from ultrasonic LV internal dimensions and measure LV pressure with a micromanometer. The animals were studied in the conscious state after full recovery from the operation. Blood alcohol was undetectable before and 67 +/- 14 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) at 20 min after alcohol administration. In response to alcohol, the LV systolic pressure was reduced slightly, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased slightly. The maximum time derivative of LV pressure (dP/dtmax) and stroke volume were decreased. The end-systolic volume (VES), as well as effective arterial elastance, were significantly increased. There was no significant change in heart rate. Variably loaded pressure-volume loops were generated by acute caval occlusion before, immediately, and 20 min after the intravenous infusion of alcohol (0.2 g/kg). Three measures of LV performance were derived from these variably loaded pressure-volume loops: the end-systolic pressure-volume relation; the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation; and maximum dP/dt-VED relation. The slopes of all three relations were significantly decreased in response to alcohol, and all three relations were shifted toward the right, indicating a depression of LV contractile performance. Similar, but greater depressions of LV performance with alcohol were observed following autonomic blockade. LV performance was restored by infusing dobutamine. We conclude that mildly intoxicating levels of alcohol (blood concentration less than 100 mg/dl) are capable of producing LV contractile depression in conscious animals, which is more marked after autonomic blockade. This suggests that patients with impaired LV function should avoid even small amounts of alcohol.
The generation game is the cooperation game: The role of grandparents in the timing of reproduction
Authors: Rebecca Sear, Thomas E. Dickins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Coall &amp; Hertwig (C&amp;H) demonstrate the importance of grandparents to children, even in low fertility societies. We suggest policy-makers interested in reproductive timing in such contexts should be alerted to the practical applications of this cooperative breeding framework. The presence or absence of a supportive kin network could help explain why some women begin their reproductive careers “too early” or “too late.”
Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibition improves corticosteroid insensitivity in pulmonary endothelial cells under oxidative stress
Authors: J. L. Ortiz, J. Milara, J. Lluch, A. De Diego, C. Sanz, J. Cortijo
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Several clinical studies have shown that smoking in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is closely associated with corticosteroid refractoriness. In this work, we have analyzed glucocorticoid insensitivity in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells ( HPAEC s) under cigarette smoke extract ( CSE ) exposure as well as the possible additive effects of the combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase ( PDE )‐4 inhibitor. Methods Interleukin ( IL )‐8 was measured in cell supernatants by ELISA . Histone deacetylase ( HDAC ), histone acetylase ( HAT ), and intracellular c AMP levels were measured by colorimetric assays and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. PDE4 isotypes and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR )‐α and β expression were measured by real‐time RT ‐ PCR . Results The PDE 4 inhibitor rolipram dose dependently inhibited the IL‐8 secretion induced by CSE 5%. In contrast, dexamethasone 1 μM did not show inhibitory effect on IL‐8 secretion. Combination of subeffective rolipram concentrations at 10 nM increased the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone to ~45% of inhibition. Cigarette smoke extract 5% inhibited HDAC activity and increased HAT activity generating glucocorticoid insensitivity. Rolipram did not modify the HDAC activity, however partially inhibited the increase in HAT activity at 1 μM. PDE 4 isotypes were up‐regulated by CSE 5% with the consequent c AMP down‐regulation. Dexamethasone reduced all PDE 4 isotypes expression and showed additive effects with rolipram enhancing c AMP levels. Furthermore, rolipram enhanced GR ‐α expression and inhibited the increase in GR ‐β induced by CSE . Conclusions Combination of rolipram and dexamethasone shows additive properties in HPAEC s under glucocorticoid insensitive conditions. These results may be of potential value in future anti‐inflammatory therapies using combination of PDE 4 inhibitors and glucocorticoids.
Transfer of Aminonucleoside Nephrosis by Renal Transplantation
Authors: John R. Hoyer, Jean Ratte, Anne H. Potter, Alfred F. Michael
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The pathogenesis of aminonucleoside of puromycin (PA) nephrotic syndrome in rats was studied using renal transplantation to separate systemic from renal factors. The nephrotic syndrome was transferred by transplantation of kidneys from rats with established proteinuria. Bilaterally nephrectomized normal rats receiving kidneys removed as early as 15 min after intravenous PA injection (100 mg/kg) of donors also developed proteinuria (602+/-125 mg/24 hr) and a nephrotic syndrome after the usual induction period of 4-7 days observed in this disease. Arterial perfusion of isolated kidneys with PA (50 mg/kg) followed by perfusion with isotonic saline 3 min later and then transplantation to normal bilaterally nephrectomized rats led to a nephrotic syndrome. Urine protein excretion was 494+/-42 mg on the 7th day after transplantation. In contrast, urine protein excretion after transplantation of normal kidneys to normal bilaterally nephrectomized rats was 40+/-20 mg on the 7th day. Exposure of a normal kidney to a nephrotic host environment by transplantation of a normal kidney to a unilaterally nephrectomized PA-injected rat did not transfer the disease to the normal kidney. After removal of the nephrotic kidney 11-13 days after transplantation, proteinuria of the donor kidney was normal (21+/-13 mg on day 15). These studies indicate that pathogenesis of aminonucleoside nephrosis involves programming of the kidney directly by PA within minutes after exposure although increased urinary protein excretion does not occur until several days later.
Ability of dynamic airway pressure curve profile and elastance for positive end-expiratory pressure titration
Authors: Alysson R. Carvalho, Peter M. Spieth, Paolo Pelosi, Marcos F. Vidal Melo, Thea Koch, Frederico C. Jandre, Antonio Giannella-Neto, Marcelo Gama de Abreu
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)