tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
With a pinch of salt
Authors: Douglas Model
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Some years ago I was asked by a family doctor to visit a 69 year old man at home to take a history and carry out a physical examination and to perform an electrocardiograph to rule out myocardial infarction after an episode of chest pain the previous day.

The patient said that 50 years previously, he had been told that he had Addison's disease, but when I asked him about drugs he looked at me blankly and said that he had never heard of cortisol or steroid replacement therapy: “No, doctor, in those days there was no …
Morphine Decreases Clopidogrel Concentrations and Effects
Authors: Eva-Luise Hobl, Thomas Stimpfl, Josef Ebner, Christian Schoergenhofer, Ulla Derhaschnig, Raute Sunder-Plassmann, Petra Jilma-Stohlawetz, Christine Mannhalter, Martin Posch, Bernd Jilma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Gallbladder motor function in gallstone patients: sonographic and in vitro studies on the role of gallstones, smooth muscle function and gallbladder wall inflammation
Authors: Piero Portincasa, Agostino Di Ciaula, Giuseppe Baldassarre, Vincenzo Palmieri, Antonia Gentile, Antonietta Cimmino, Giuseppe Palasciano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
T cell receptor repertoire of T lymphocytes recovered from the lung and blood of patients with sarcoidosis.
Authors: A Bellocq, D Lecossier, C Pierre-Audigier, A Tazi, D Valeyre, A J Hance
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We evaluated the repertoire of V beta segments used in forming the T-cell receptor of lavage and blood T lymphocytes from 11 sarcoid patients and 10 normal subjects using procedures based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction, permitting analysis of both the abundance of transcripts using each of 20 different V beta families and the diversity of the VDJC beta rearrangements within each V beta family. Blood and lung T cells from sarcoid patients had a very diverse V beta repertoire. For all V beta families but one, the abundance of the V beta transcripts fell within the mean +/- 2 SD of that observed for normal blood lymphocytes; no difference in the overall abundance was observed comparing lavage and blood T cells, and the length of VDJC beta rearrangements for a given V beta family in samples from sarcoid patients was usually quite heterogeneous. Despite the overall polyclonality, evidence for selective expansion of T cells was found, in that an increased abundance of V beta 19 transcripts was observed for sarcoid blood and/or lung T cells in eight out of 11 patients studied, and rearrangements of a single predominant length using certain (e.g., V beta 19, V beta 14), but not all, V beta families were present. Sequencing confirmed the presence of a single predominant VDJC beta rearrangement in these cases. These findings suggest that the alveolitis in sarcoidosis results from two distinct processes, a local clonal expansion of T cells associated with an apparently nonspecific accumulation of T cells with an extremely diverse V beta repertoire.
Changes in islet capillary angioarchitecture coincide with impaired B-cell function but not with insulin resistance in male Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty rats: Dimorphism of the diabetic phenotype at an advanced age
Authors: Akira Mizuno, Yoshihiko Noma, Masamichi Kuwajima, Takashi Murakami, Min Zhu, Kenji Shima
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
TCT-488 Impact of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease With or Without a Concurrent Chronic Total Occlusion on Survival in Patients Treated With Rescue Angioplasty
Authors: Francesco De Felice, Rosario Fiorilli, Antonio Parma, Carmine Musto, Marco Nazzaro, Pierpaolo Confessore, Massimiliano Scappaticci, Elena Guerra, Roberto Violini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Addressing Risks to Advance Mental Health Research
Authors: Ana S. Iltis, Sahana Misra, Laura B. Dunn, Gregory K. Brown, Amy Campbell, Sarah A. Earll, Anne Glowinski, Whitney B. Hadley, Ronald Pies, James M. DuBois
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Risk communication and management are essential to the ethical conduct of research, yet addressing risks may be time consuming for investigators and institutional review boards may reject study designs that seem too risky. This can discourage needed research, particularly in higher-risk protocols or those enrolling potentially vulnerable individuals, such as those with some level of suicidality. Improved mechanisms for addressing research risks may facilitate much needed psychiatric research. <h3>Objective</h3> To provide mental health researchers with practical approaches to (1) identify and define various intrinsic research risks, (2) communicate these risks to others (eg, potential participants, regulatory bodies, and society), (3) manage these risks during the course of a study, and (4) justify the risks. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> As part of a National Institute of Mental Health–funded scientific meeting series, a public conference and a closed-session expert panel meeting were held on managing and disclosing risks in mental health clinical trials. The expert panel reviewed the literature with a focus on empirical studies and developed recommendations for best practices and further research on managing and disclosing risks in mental health clinical trials. No institutional review board–review was required because there were no human subjects. <h3>Findings</h3> Challenges, current data, practical strategies, and topics for future research are addressed for each of 4 key areas pertaining to management and disclosure of risks in clinical trials: identifying and defining risks, communicating risks, managing risks during studies, and justifying research risks. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Empirical data on risk communication, managing risks, and the benefits of research can support the ethical conduct of mental health research and may help investigators better conceptualize and confront risks and to gain institutional review board–approval.
Freeze-dried Tendon Allografts as Tissue-engineering Scaffolds for Gdf5 Gene Delivery
Authors: Patrick Basile, Tulin Dadali, Justin Jacobson, Sys Hasslund, Michael Ulrich-Vinther, Kjeld Søballe, Yasuhiko Nishio, M Hicham Drissi, Howard N Langstein, David J Mitten, Regis J O'Keefe, Edward M Schwarz, Hani A Awad
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Tendon reconstruction using grafts often results in adhesions that limit joint flexion. These adhesions are precipitated by inflammation, fibrosis, and the paucity of tendon differentiation signals during healing. In order to study this problem, we developed a mouse model in which the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon is reconstructed using a live autograft or a freeze-dried allograft, and identified growth and differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) as a therapeutic target. In this study we have investigated the potential of rAAV-Gdf5 -loaded freeze-dried tendon allografts as "therapeutically endowed" tissue-engineering scaffolds to reduce adhesions. In reporter gene studies we have demonstrated that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-loaded tendon allografts mediate efficient transduction of adjacent soft tissues, with expression peaking at 7 days. We have also demonstrated that the rAAV-Gdf5 vector significantly accelerates wound healing in an in vitro fibroblast scratch model and, when loaded onto freeze-dried FDL tendon allografts, improves the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint flexion to a significantly greater extent than the rAAV-lacZ controls do. Collectively, our data demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of therapeutic tendon allograft processing as a novel paradigm in tissue engineering in order to address difficult clinical problems such as tendon adhesions. Tendon reconstruction using grafts often results in adhesions that limit joint flexion. These adhesions are precipitated by inflammation, fibrosis, and the paucity of tendon differentiation signals during healing. In order to study this problem, we developed a mouse model in which the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon is reconstructed using a live autograft or a freeze-dried allograft, and identified growth and differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) as a therapeutic target. In this study we have investigated the potential of rAAV-Gdf5 -loaded freeze-dried tendon allografts as "therapeutically endowed" tissue-engineering scaffolds to reduce adhesions. In reporter gene studies we have demonstrated that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-loaded tendon allografts mediate efficient transduction of adjacent soft tissues, with expression peaking at 7 days. We have also demonstrated that the rAAV-Gdf5 vector significantly accelerates wound healing in an in vitro fibroblast scratch model and, when loaded onto freeze-dried FDL tendon allografts, improves the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint flexion to a significantly greater extent than the rAAV-lacZ controls do. Collectively, our data demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of therapeutic tendon allograft processing as a novel paradigm in tissue engineering in order to address difficult clinical problems such as tendon adhesions.
Press Halted on JAMA's Yugoslav Edition
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN SUPPORT OF the United Nation's trade embargo against the former Yugoslavia, the American Medical Association (AMA) has ceased publication of what has been<i>JAMA</i>'s Yugoslav edition. Even before the United Nations' resolution, the publication had practically folded under the formidable hindrances to publishing during a war. Before the current fighting, the Yugoslav<i>JAMA</i>in the Serbo-Croatian language had been a bimonthly publication with a 3500 circulation. <h3>Launched 7 Years Ago</h3> Launched in July 1985, it was the second foreign edition of<i>JAMA</i>to be established in what then was a communist country. (The first was the Chinese<i>JAMA</i>.) Its publisher, the Savez Lekarskih Drustava (the Union of Medical Societies of Yugoslavia), was based in Belgrade. <i>JAMA</i>editor-in-chief George D. Lundberg, MD, says that the Yugoslav<i>JAMA</i>had been "the best first effort of a communist country to publish in a capitalistic way, and succeed. It was a great
Randomised trial of nasal surgery for fixed nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: I. Koutsourelakis, G. Georgoulopoulos, E. Perraki, E. Vagiakis, C. Roussos, S. G. Zakynthinos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Although nasal surgery has limited efficacy in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment, some patients experience improvement. The present study tested the hypothesis that post-surgery improvement is associated with increased nasal breathing epochs. A total of 49 OSA patients (mean apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) 30.1±16.3 events·h −1 ) with symptomatic fixed nasal obstruction due to deviated septum were randomly assigned to either septoplasty (surgery group; 27 patients) or sham surgery (placebo group; 22 patients). The breathing route was examined during overnight polysomnography. All patients in the placebo group were nonresponders, whereas in the surgery group four (14.8%) patients were responders and exhibited considerable increase in nasal breathing epochs (epochs containing more than three consecutive phasic nasal signals), and 23 patients were nonresponders, presenting a modest increase in nasal breathing epochs. The change in AHI was inversely related to the change in nasal breathing epochs, with responders exhibiting among the greatest increases in nasal breathing epochs. Baseline nasal breathing epochs were positively related to per cent change in AHI. Responders had among the lowest baseline nasal breathing epochs; a cut-off value of 62.4% of total sleep epochs best separated (100% sensitivity, 82.6% specificity) responders/nonresponders. In conclusion, nasal surgery rarely treats obstructive sleep apnoea effectively. Baseline nasal breathing epochs can predict the surgery outcome.
Diagnosis of noninfective cardiac mass lesions by two-dimensional echocardiography. Comparison of the transthoracic and transesophageal approaches.
Authors: A Mügge, W G Daniel, A Haverich, P R Lichtlen
Journal: Circulation (1991)

This study was conducted in 46 patients with cardiac thrombi, 15 patients with atrial myxomas, and 32 patients with other cardiac or paracardiac tumors. Diagnoses were subsequently proven by surgery, autopsy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or angiography in all patients. All patients underwent precordial and transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography to assess the various mass detection rates. Atrial myxomas and predominantly left-sided cardiac tumors were identified by both echocardiographic techniques with comparable detection rates. Left ventricular apical thrombi were detected more frequently by precordial echocardiography. In contrast, transesophageal echocardiography was superior in visualizing left atrial appendage thrombi, small and flat thrombi in the left atrial cavity, thrombi and tumors in the superior vena cava, and masses attached to the right heart and the descending thoracic aorta. These data indicate that transesophageal echocardiography leads to a clinically relevant improvement of the diagnostic potential in patients in whom cardiac masses are suspected or have to be excluded in order to ensure the safety of clinical procedures.
Efficacy and safety of high thoracic epidural analgesia producing sympathetic blockade to treat medically and surgically refractory angina pectoris
Authors: Patricia Gramling-Babb, Michael J. Miller, Scott T. Reeves, A. Jackson Crumbley, John R. Handy, Sunil J. Patel, Brian G. Cuddy, Raymond C. Roy, Michael R. Zile
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Vascular access site complications during angioplasty with glycoprotein IIbIIIa receptor inhibition in the IMPACT II trial
Authors: James Blankenship, Jeffrey Mandak, Frank Aguirre, Scott D. Berkowitz, Ian Gilchrist, Khalid Sheikh, John Griffin, Michael McIvor, Jon Resar, Bonnie Weiner, John George, David Tally, Gerald Timmis, Michael Lincoff, James Tcheng, Robert Califf, Eric Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A Decade of Interferon-γ Release Assays: Quest for the Holy Grail to Diagnose Latent Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis?</i>
Authors: Giovanni Ferrara, Shreemanta K. Parida, Alimuddin Zumla, Luca Richeldi, Markus Maeurer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

1. Mehra R, Xu F, Babineau DC, Tracy RP, Jenny NS, Patel SR, Redline S.Sleep-disordered breathing and prothrombotic biomarkers: cross-sectional results of the Cleveland Family Study. Am J Respir Crit CareMed 2010;182:826–833.2. Weitzenblum E, Chaouat A, Kessler R, Canuet M. Overlap syndrome:obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5:237–241.3. Hunter KA, Garlick PJ, Broom I, Anderson SE, McNurlan MA. Effectsof smoking and abstention from smoking on ﬁbrinogen synthesis inhumans. Clin Sci (Lond) 2001;100:459–465.
Effects of Psycho-Oncologic Interventions on Emotional Distress and Quality of Life in Adult Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hermann Faller, Michael Schuler, Matthias Richard, Ulrike Heckl, Joachim Weis, Roland Küffner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of psycho-oncologic interventions on emotional distress and quality of life in adult patients with cancer.Literature databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared a psycho-oncologic intervention delivered face-to face with a control condition. The main outcome measures were emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Outcomes were evaluated for three time periods: post-treatment, ≤ 6 months, and more than 6 months. We applied standard meta-analytic techniques to analyze both published and unpublished data from the retrieved studies. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression were used to explore reasons for heterogeneity.We retrieved 198 studies (covering 22,238 patients) that report 218 treatment-control comparisons. Significant small-to-medium effects were observed for individual and group psychotherapy and psychoeducation. These effects were sustained, in part, in the medium term (≤ 6 months) and long term (> 6 months). Short-term effects were evident for relaxation training. Studies that preselected participants according to increased distress produced large effects at post-treatment. A moderator effect was found for the moderator variable "duration of the intervention," with longer interventions producing more sustained effects. Indicators of study quality were often not reported. Small-sample bias indicative of possible publication bias was found for some effects, particularly with individual psychotherapy and relaxation training.Various types of psycho-oncologic interventions are associated with significant, small-to-medium effects on emotional distress and quality of life. These results should be interpreted with caution, however, because of the low quality of reporting in many of the trials.
A Psychiatric Program for the Deaf: Experiences and Implications
Authors: JOHN D. RAINER, KENNETH Z. ALTSHULER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors describe the first psychiatric research and demonstration program for the deaf in the U.S., which began in New York State in 1955. In 1963 a special inpatient unit for the deaf was opened; during its first three years it was able to discharge nearly 50 percent of patients over 25 and 25 percent of the young group. This unit has been used as a model for similar programs in other parts of the U.S., England, and Scandinavia. The most recent effort has been in the areas of preventive psychiatry and rehabilitation. The authors also outline unmet needs.
Congenital Anomaly of Left Coronary Artery in Young Athlete
Authors: Ernst Jokl
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE most frequent cause of sudden nontraumatic death associated with athletic exertion is silent ischmic heart disease. A survey of the results obtained in autopsies of 72 subjects who had died during exercise revealed 3 instances of transposition of the coronary arteries. In 2 patients the left branch of the coronary artery originated from the pulmonary artery; in the third, the right branch of the coronary artery was absent. We are reporting here a fourth case of an athlete with this rare congenital anomaly. Report of a Case A 14-year-old high school student on Sept. 26, 1961, participated in a cross-country race of over 2 miles in Berea, Ky. After completing the contest, he walked to the dressing room nearby where he was found dead 20 minutes later. The boy had never been seriously ill. He was believed to be exceptionally fit since he belonged to the school's track team
The Papanicolaou Test for Cervical Cancer Detection
Authors: Leopold G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The complex detection system leading to the discovery and treatment of precancerous lesions and early cancer of the uterine cervix is described in detail and discussed. By far the most difficult and underestimated component of this system is the screening and interpretation of cervical (Papanicolaou) smears. Cytologic case finding may fail because of inadequate samples, insufficient time devoted to screening, or human fatigue. Other weak points of the system, such as an inadequate clinical component, inadequate patient compliance, poor reproducibility of diagnoses, and ineffective aftercare, are also described. For example, obtaining a second smear to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cellular atypia is often a misleading practice. Although this cancer detection system has been shown to be effective in reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality from invasive cervical cancer in appropriately screened populations, there is no evidence that the Papanicolaou test has succeeded anywhere in complete eradication of this theoretically preventable disease. It is important to inform the public about the potential failures of the system and the reasons for them. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:737-743)
Use of Antiviral Drugs to Prevent Herpesvirus Transmission
Authors: Clyde S. Crumpacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

One of the main lessons of antiviral-drug therapy is that the drugs that inhibit viral replication are frequently more effective at preventing viral disease than they are at treating established disease. Acyclovir, for example, when taken on a daily basis, will prevent outbreaks of recurrent genital herpes infection, but when it is taken early to treat an episode of recurrent genital herpes, the result is a shortening of the course of disease by only one day — a marginal clinical benefit.1 Ganciclovir, the mainstay of therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, has a similar effect. This drug was first used in . . .
Fatty acid metabolism in cardiac failure: biochemical, genetic and cellular analysis
Authors: J Marín-García
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl coA carboxylase; ATP, adenosine tri-reviews) on the subject of acquired and inherited lipid phosphate; CPT, carnitine palmitoyl transferase; DCM, dilated cardisorders in the development of coronary artery disease diomyopathy; ETF, electron-transfer flavoprotein; FADH2, flavin adenine and stroke (e.g., cholesterol, the apolipoproteins and HDL / dinucleotide (reduced form); FABP, fatty acid binding protein; FAT, fatty LDL), we have omitted these subjects from our review.acid translocase; FATP, fatty acid transport protein; HADHA, human mitochondrial trifunctional protein subunit A; HADHB, human mitochondrial trifunctional protein subunit B; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LCAD, long-chain acyl
FATALITY DUE TO AGRANULOCYTOSIS FOLLOWING USE OF PHENYLBUTAZONE (BUTAZOLIDIN®)
Authors: A. David Etess
Journal: JAMA (1953)

There have been several reports in the literature recently concerning the beneficial effects of phenylbutazone (butazolidin®) in all forms of arthritis and associated disorders. Although toxic reactions to this new drug have been noted in the form of nausea, vomiting, edema, drug rash, reactivation of peptic ulcer, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, there have been only four reported cases of agranulocytosis. All of these patients recovered following cessation of the therapy. We have observed a case of agranulocytosis with a fatal outcome following use of phenylbutazone. REPORT OF CASE A 74-year-old white male retired Army officer entered the Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital with a chief complaint of progressive rheumatoid arthritis of 33 years' duration. The onset of arthritis began with involvement of the knees, ankles, and interphalangeal joints, and progressed to involve the shoulders and elbows with typical deformities of rheumatoid arthritis and eventually invalidism. The therapy through the years included all
Praises Improved Arrangement of Journal Digest.
Authors: W. H. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Lawrence, Mass., March 21, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I can not forbear expressing my satisfaction at the changed position of digest and contents inThe Journal. The placing of the second page of contents directly after the first without intervention of advertisements is much more convenient and professional in appearance.
Acute graft-versus-host disease in patients with Fanconi anemia or acquired aplastic anemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors: risk factors and influence on outcome
Authors: Philippe Guardiola, Gérard Socié, Xiaxin Li, Patricia Ribaud, Agnès Devergie, Hélène Espérou, Patrice Richard, Richard Traineau, Anne Janin, Eliane Gluckman
Journal: Blood (2003)