tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hepatic Enzyme-Inducing Drugs on Thyroid Hormones and the Thyroid Gland*
Authors: PETER G. CURRAN, LESLIE J. DEGROOT
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

THE metabolism of thyroid hormone occurs through a variety of pathways, the most important ones being deiodination and conjugation with glucuronates and sulfates. As much of this metabolic activity occurs in the liver, it is important to consider the effect on thyroid hormone metabolism of drugs or industrial prod- ucts that affect hepatic enzyme systems. There are a number of compounds that have been found to increase thyroid hormone excretion via this mechanism, primarily through enhanced glucuronidation. An intact hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis can compensate for increased peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone by way of increasing the thyroid gland's hormone production. However, consideration must be given to the effects of long term stimulation of the thyroid gland as animal studies have implicated chronic thyroid stimulation as a cause of neoplastic changes in the gland. In this paper, the available data regarding this consideration are reviewed. Metabolism of thyroid hormones occurs through a variety of pathways in different organs before eventual excretion of metabolites through the biliary system and feces or via the kidneys.
Abstract A59: Life and death decision by E2F1 depends on Jab1-mediated expression of E2F apoptotic target genes and is counteracted by PI3K activation.
Authors: Huarui Lu, Timothy C. Hallstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Rb regulation of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis is dependent on its control of E2F transcription factor function, a family of proteins that initiate both cell proliferation and cell death. Several classes of E2F target genes have been categorized based on their roles in DNA replication, G2/M &amp; mitosis, apoptosis, DNA repair, etc. However, the mechanisms controlling appropriate expression of genes responsible for these cell fates is poorly understood. We previously showed that Jab1 promotes E2F1-induced apoptosis but not DNA replication as an E2F1-specific binding partner. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis to better understand the control of E2F1 function by Jab1/CSN5. Microarray assay revealed a significant number of apoptotic E2F target genes such as Cyp26b1 and AMPKα2 are profoundly impaired by Jab1 shRNA knockdown, whereas DNA replication genes are generally still highly expressed. The findings of microarray were further confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation indicates that Jab1/E2F1 complex resides on the promoters of E2F1 apoptotic and G2/M, but not DNA replication targets genes. Meanwhile, we found that PI3K activation blocks expression of E2F1/Jab1 co-induced apoptotic target genes and apoptosis induction at least in part by interfering with formation of the pro-apoptotic Jab1/E2F1 complex as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. More importantly, we detected a highly significant correlation between elevated Jab1 levels and PI3K activity in breast, ovarian, lung and prostate cancers. These findings suggest the possibility that Jab1, when elevated in these tumors, may evade triggering tumor-suppressive E2F1 apoptosis and instead induce proliferation through the frequent, simultaneous co-activation of PI3K activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr A59.
Home Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: M. P. Flynn
Journal: BMJ (1966)

child to hospital if it seems possible that it has been deliberately injured, whether by parents or baby-minder or older sibling.The child is then in a " place of safety " and can be kept there, as the B.P.A. memorandum makes clear.But once it is there, the best interests of the baby and the rehabilitation of the parents are not contradictory aims: they are joint ones, and the apparatus for dealing with both is available.-Iam, etc.,
RAPID SUGAR TESTING WITH HAINES' AND PURDY'S SOLUTIONS.
Authors: WILLIAM H. GERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

A search for sugar and its quantitative estimation are necessary in all routine work of urine examination. The well-known Haines' solution for qualitative testing is so simple and trustworthy as to leave nothing to be desired. One dram of the solution is boiled in a test tube, six to eight drops of urine is added, and the boiling continued. If a bright yellow or red precipitate is obtained, sugar is present. With slight practice, one to two minutes is sufficient to in this way gain decided qualitative data. The methods in use for quantitative estimation of sugar are generally too slow and cumbersome to be of value to the busy practitioner of medicine. He has either to be contented with the information obtained from a qualitative test, or send to some laboratory where a specialty is made of urine examinations. A method devised by my assistant, Mr. Carl Irenæus, eliminates
The Cardiomyopathy of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: JOSEPH K. PERLOFF, ANTONIO C. DE LEON, DESMOND O'DOHERTY
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A prospective study was undertaken in order to examine the histories, physical signs, phonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, vectorcardiograms, X-rays, serum enzymes, pulmonary ventilatory findings, and hemodynamics in a group of 55 patients selected solely on the basis of one of the major types of progressive muscular dystrophy (table 9). The classification included: (1) the classic Duchenne type, (2) the limb girdle type, (3) the facioscapulohumeral type, and (4) a group of patients in whom clinical distinction between benign Duchenne dystrophy and limb girdle dystrophy with pseudohypertrophy could not be made. No patient had recognized heart disease prior to selection. Follow-up periods ranged from a few months to 5 years. The pertinent literature was extensively reviewed. In all groups clinical evidence of heart disease had to be interpreted in the context of the influence of the somatic musculoskeletal defects on "cardiac" symptoms, cardiovascular physical signs, and radiological appearance of the heart. On the other hand, convincing evidence of intrinsic heart disease-subtle to overt-was found in each of the major categories of progressive muscular dystrophy. Detection of cardiomyopathy was simplest and most frequent in the classic Duchenne group because of the highly characteristic features of the scalar electrocardiogram which might direct attention to the systemic myopathy prior to its clinical recognition. However, the presence of heart disease in patients with forms of dystrophy other than the classic Duchenne deserves particular emphasis. Evidence of cardiomyopathy in these latter forms varied from subtle quadruple gallop rhythms in the limb girdle and facioscapulohumeral groups to cardiomyopathic death in the benign Duchenne and limb girdle-pseudohypertrophic group. Currently available information on the heart in muscular dystrophy has as a rule depended upon retrospective studies, upon reviews of published reports of incompletely classified cases, upon discussions of individual cardiovascular features, or upon observations of individual types of dystrophy. The present prospective study was undertaken to obviate some of these shortcomings. Comprehensive assessment of a large and carefully classified group of dystrophic subjects has provided additional information regarding the clinical spectrum of dystrophic cardiomyopathy.
TCT-496 Impact of platelet reactivity on clopidogrel after PCI with 2nd generation DES on late lumen loss
Authors: Naoei Isomura, Seitarou Ebara, Toshitaka Okabe, Kennosuke Yamashita, Myong-Hwa Yamamoto, Koichi Hoshimoto, Shigeo Saito, kisaki amemiya, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Hiroshi Araki, Masahiko Ochiai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P164 Lung Cancer Survival in England: Which Patients Have Demonstrated Improved Survival?
Authors: A Khakwani, AL Rich, RB Hubbard
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Several recent studies have reported the overall survival of patients with lung cancer in England is improving. However, when compared with other European and North American countries, England still has worse survival figures. The aim of this study is to look at the spectrum of people with lung cancer and to identify groups in which the survival is improving. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from the National Lung Cancer Audit to identify patients with a proven or presumed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer in England. We stratified patients according to their performance status (PS) and clinical stage of cancer. We then divided patients into ‘year groups’ based on their year of diagnosis. People diagnosed in 2004 and 2005 were grouped together and used as our comparator group. We performed Cox regression analyses to calculate the changes in overall survival for patients diagnosed each year between 2004/05 to 2010. <h3>Results</h3> Our cohort consisted of 66,433 patients diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2010. Based on the stratification by stage and PS, we observed that having adjusted for confounders including sex, age, ethnicity, comorbidity and source of referral, the overall survival for patients in group 1 (patients with good PS and stage IA-IIB) has improved every year (adjusted HR 0.74 in 2010, 95% CI 0.68 – 0.82), while the survival for patients in groups 4 and 5 (i.e. patients with poor PS and stage) has remained essentially stable (see figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate that survival has improved for limited groups of patients with lung cancer over the last 6 years. Stratification by clinical stage and PS has shown that survival is improving for patients with early stage cancer and good PS. Further research is required to investigate why this improvement has occurred, and to ensure all patients have equal access to advances in lung cancer care. Increasing the proportion of patients in this subgroup, with good PS and early stage disease, will also improve our survival figures.
Sexual assault: key issues
Authors: B. Cybulska
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Sexual assault is both a common and a very serious crime which is investigated by the police with an intensity second only to that of murder.

In total, 62 081 sexual offences were recorded by police in England and Wales in 2005/2006, of which 14 449 were offences of rape1—representing a significant increase in reporting compared with the 1842 such reports in 1985.2 In 2006 a 3% increase in women reporting rape (12 903 to 13 331) was noted, compared to a 2% decrease among men (1139 to 1118). In spite of the overall increase in reporting over the years, the conviction rate for rape remains persistently low: under 6% in England and Wales and only 4% in Scotland.3

Many blame an ambivalent public attitude to rape, as suggested by the Amnesty International report of November 2005,4 which showed that a third of people believe that a woman may be partially or completely responsible for being raped if she has behaved flirtatiously, and that 25% of the 1000 people surveyed believed a woman is at least partially to blame if she has worn revealing clothing or been intoxicated. Most people surveyed had no idea how many women were raped every year in the UK.

The true reasons for low conviction rates in rape cases are complex and cannot be explained by this ‘rape myth’ alone. The real problem lies in the high attrition rate, with only 14% of reported cases resulting in trial proceedings. About 9% of cases are classified as false allegations, the majority of which are reports from within the 16-25 age group. One third of reported cases fail to proceed past the investigation stage due to ‘evidence issues’ or ‘victim credibility’. Another third are lost when the victim later withdraws from a case for fear either of being disbelieved or of the criminal justice system or court process. The fact that majority of assailants are known to the victims and that a large numbers of cases are associated with drinking alcohol completes the picture.3,5-7
Abstract B05: Tissue-compatible EGFR genotyping in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles from malignant pleural effusions.
Authors: Jae Young Hur, Do-Young Choi, Hee Joung Kim, Kyung-Cho Cho, Kwang Pyo Kim, Kye Young Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor cells shed extracellular vesicles (TEV) into body fluids. These TEV are a potential source for biomarkers that could be used for non-invasive molecular diagnosis. We investigated whether TEV contain cell-specific mutant EGFR DNA using PC9 cells harboring an exon 19 deletion (E19 del) and PC9/GR cells harboring T790M mutations. In addition, we investigated whether the TEV from malignant pleural effusions can be used for EGFR mutation testing. Materials and Methods: TEV were isolated from the culture medium of PC9 and PC9/GR cells or pleural effusions by serial centrifugations. Isolated TEV were inspected by electron microscopy to determine their size and intact structure. EGFR mutation testing was performed using PNA-mediated clamping PCR. The DNA contents of the TEV from the PC9 and PC9/GR cells were analyzed by array comparative genome hybridization analysis. Results: EGFR genotyping of TEV DNA revealed exactly the same EGFR mutations with cellular DNA in the PC9 and PC9/GR cells. These findings suggest that TEV contain cell-specific mutant DNA that may contain an oncogenic molecular signature such as mutations in EGFR. Testing of the TEV from malignant effusions in eight NSCLC patients yielded the same tissue genotyping results. We observed T790M mutation in addition to the initial E19 del mutation from one patient who developed acquired gefitinib-resistance. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that TEV contain cell-specific oncogenic DNA, including EGFR mutants in the cell line systems examined and pleural effusions. This is the first report detailing how TEV can be used for EGFR mutation testing. Citation Format: Jae Young Hur, Do-Young Choi, Hee Joung Kim, Kyung-Cho Cho, Kwang Pyo Kim, Kye Young Lee. Tissue-compatible EGFR genotyping in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles from malignant pleural effusions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Familial Properdin Deficiency and Fatal Meningococcemia
Authors: Peter Densen, John M. Weiler, J. McLeod Griffiss, Louis G. Hoffmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

INHERITED deficiencies of various complement proteins are being recognized with increasing frequency. Careful evaluation of these deficiency states has augmented our understanding of the biologic function of individual components of the complement system, as well as of the system as a whole. Approximately half the affected persons are healthy. Nevertheless, typical clinical features have been found in the remainder, and should suggest a diagnosis of complement deficiency and identify the particular component or activation pathway that is defective.1 , 2 Inherited deficiencies of the nonregulatory components of the alternative pathway have been recognized only rarely. This report describes a large family in . . .
1052-208 Left atrial flutter following circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jun Dong, Bernhard Zrenner, Jürgen Schreieck, Isabel Deisenhofer, Michael Schneider, Ildiko Dobran, Martin Karch, Andreas Plewan, Christian von Bary, Claus Schmitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Antitrypsin and the liver.
Authors: P W Brunt
Journal: Gut (1974)

Progress reportAntitrypsin and the liver While genetic influences may be of considerable importance in determining susceptibility to liver disease only rarely is a simple direct genetic cause identifiable.At most only some 2-3 % of patients with cirrhosis can be shown to have single-gene disease such as Wilson's disease or haemochromatosis'.With rapidly progressive disease in infancy, however, the proportion is very much higher2.Recently an inherited trait-deficiency of alpha-l-antitrypsin (alAT)-has been shown to be an important cause of neonatal hepatitis and cirrhosis3'4'5 and also a cause of adult cirrhosis6.In addition, partial deficiency may increase susceptibility to cirrhosis associated with other causes6'7. Protease InhibitorsHuman plasma is known to contain at least six inhibitors of enzymes acting on proteins (proteases)8 whose wide-ranging functions are not yet completely defined but include, among others, inhibition of trypsin and other serum proteases as well as forming an integral part of the fibrinolytic and kallikrein/ kinin systems.Jacobsson9 showed nearly 20 years ago that the trypsin inhibitory capacity of serum related predominantly to the alpha-i-globulin band of the electrophoretic strip.This band consists almost entirely of a glycoprotein of molecular weight approximately 540008 called variously 'alpha-l-trypsin inhibitor'"0, 'alpha-l-glycoprotein"'l, and finally 'alpha-l- antitrypsin'2.It constitutes some 3 % of the plasma proteins'3 and is produced in the liver'4'5.Several methods of estimating the trypsin inhibitory capacity exist'6, most of them estimating the inhibition of a given amount of trypsin by a given amount of the test serum by 'back-titrating' the uninhibited trypsin with an artificial substrate such as BAPNA (benzoyl-d-1-arginine-p-nitroanilide).Approximately 90 % of the trypsin inhibitory capacity is due to alpha-l-antitrypsin (alAT).Estimation is routinely carried out using a radial immunodiffusion method'7.Levels of oclAT and therefore of trypsin inhibitory capacity tend to vary somewhat in health'8,".They rise in many inflamma- tory states, in pregnancy, and also while taking 'the pill'; as might be expected they disappear following hepatectomyl5.In many liver diseases the levels of oclAT are normal or raised3"5'20. Antitrypsin and Lung DiseaseBy an almost chance observation Laurell2' in 1963, while scanning routine electrophoretic strips from a sanatorium, noted two patients with emphysema who lacked the alpha-l-globulin band.The association of almost complete absence of alAT and panacinar emphysema of early onset rapidly became established22 first in Sweden then throughout Europe, America, South Africa, and elsewhere23.With increasing awareness the frequency of the deficiency in emphysema is seen to be rising in different surveys24 and is now recognized in children as well as in young adults25'26'27.The lung bases are predominantly 573 on August 2, 2023 by guest.
Better efficacy of twice-monthly than monthly aerosolised pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. An Italian multicentric randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gian Paolo Rizzardi, Adriano Lazzarin, Massimo Musicco, Daniela Frigerio, Myriam Maillard, Maurizio Lucchini, Mauro Moroni
Journal: Journal of Infection (1995)
Routine Sterile Gloving and Contamination Rates in Blood Culture
Authors: Wan Beom Park, Nak-Hyun Kim, Myoung-don Oh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters2 August 2011Routine Sterile Gloving and Contamination Rates in Blood CultureWan Beom Park, MD, PhD, Nak-Hyun Kim, MD, and Myoung-don Oh, MD, PhDWan Beom Park, MD, PhDFrom Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.Search for more papers by this author, Nak-Hyun Kim, MDFrom Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.Search for more papers by this author, and Myoung-don Oh, MD, PhDFrom Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Gordon's interesting comment that adherence to handwashing should be considered in our study, which compared the rates of blood culture contamination between clean (protective) and sterile gloving methods. In general, handwashing before wearing nonsterile gloves is not routinely recommended (1). Also, a study demonstrated that participants did not contaminate the outside of their gloves statistically significantly more often when they did not wash their hands before wearing gloves than when they did wash their hands first (2).However, to exclude the potential influence of handwashing before donning clean or sterile gloves on the rates of ...References1. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines in Hand Hygiene in Health Care. Geneva: WHO Pr; 2009:129. Google Scholar2. Rossoff LJ, Borenstein M, Isenberg HD. Is hand washing really needed in an intensive care unit? Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1211-6. [PMID: 7600829] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Routine Sterile Gloving on Contamination Rates in Blood Culture Nak-Hyun Kim , Moonsuk Kim , Shinwon Lee , Na Ra Yun , Kye-Hyung Kim , Sang Won Park , Hong Bin Kim , Nam-Joong Kim , Eui-Chong Kim , Wan Beom Park , and Myoung-don Oh Routine Sterile Gloving and Contamination Rates in Blood Culture Shelley Gordon Metrics Cited ByImpact of Blood Culture Contamination on Patients and Health Care Systems: A Review of QI Strategies Within the ED 2 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 3Page: 203-204KeywordsAlcoholsBloodConflicts of interestHygiene ePublished: 2 August 2011 Issue Published: 2 August 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tuning PEGylation of mixed micelles to overcome intracellular and systemic siRNA delivery barriers
Authors: Martina Miteva, Kellye C. Kirkbride, Kameron V. Kilchrist, Thomas A. Werfel, Hongmei Li, Christopher E. Nelson, Mukesh K. Gupta, Todd D. Giorgio, Craig L. Duvall
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A lesson to be learned from Karl Marx: smoking triggers hidradenitis suppurativa: reply from author
Authors: S. Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article A lesson to be learned from Karl Marx: smoking triggers hidradenitis suppurativa: reply from author Get access S. Shuster S. Shuster Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, U.K. E‐mail: sam@shuster.eclipse.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 1, 1 July 2008, Pages 256–257, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08605.x Published: 01 July 2008
Effect of Ethanol on Angina Pectoris
Authors: JOAN ORLANDO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

We evaluated the effect of ethanol on exercise performance until angina in 12 patients in a double-blind, randomized study. The mean resting heart rate times systolic blood pressure was not changed after Fresca® but was increased after 2 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.001) and after 5 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.01). Compared to the control periods, the mean exercise time until angina was not different after Fresca but was decreased after 2 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.001) and after 5 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.001). Compared to the control periods, the mean maximal ischemic ST-segment depression after angina was not changed after Fresca but was increased after 2 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.01) and after 5 ounces of ethanol (P < 0.001). Drinking 5 ounces or 2 ounces of ethanol decreases exercise duration until angina and increases ischemic ST-segment depression after angina.