tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4001: Interaction of CD200 overexpression on tumor cells with CD200R1 overexpression on stromal cells: An escape from the host immune response in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Atil Bisgin, Wen Jian Meng, Gunnar Adell, Xiao Feng Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: CD200 imparts an immunoregulatory signal through its receptor - CD200R1, leading to the suppression of tumor specific immunity. The mechanism of CD200:CD200R1 signaling pathway is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and localization of CD200 and its receptor CD200R1 in normal mucosa and rectal cancer patients. Material and Methods: The immunohistochemical expressions and localizations of CD200 and CD200R1 were examined in 140 rectal cancer patients. Seventy nine of 140 underwent the preoperative radiotherapy treatment and the others were untreated prior to the surgery. In addition, 121 matched normal rectal mucosa samples from the same patients were evaluated. Results: CD200 was expressed in normal mucosal epithelium and rectal cancer. Expression of CD200R1 was seen in normal mucosal epithelium and stromal cells of tumor samples. We found significant up-regulation of CD200 in rectal cancer tissues compared to the normal mucosa (P = 0.001). Interestingly, CD200R1 was overexpressed in stromal cells of rectal cancer patients presenting metastases compared to patients without metastases (P = 0.002). However, there is no difference in the expression levels between stromal cells and tumor cells. More than that, the up-regulation of CD2OO in tumor cells and CD200R1 overexpression in stromal cells was observed in 87 % of metastatic rectal cancer patients. These high expression levels of tumoral CD200 and stromal CD200R1 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: Interaction of CD200 and CD200R1 and their expression profile might be useful to follow-up disease progression in terms of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Citation Format: Atil Bisgin, Wen Jian Meng, Gunnar Adell, Xiao Feng Sun. Interaction of CD200 overexpression on tumor cells with CD200R1 overexpression on stromal cells: An escape from the host immune response in rectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4001. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4001
Induction of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in Mouse Tissues From a High and Low Cancer Strain and Their F 1 Hybrids 2
Authors: Kurt Bürki, A. G. Liebelt, Edward Bresnick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Among inbred mice from the high-leukemia strain AKR and the low-leukemia strain Af, which in addition represent extremes of resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced skin tumorigenesis, marked cell- and tissue-specific differences were apparent in the capability of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity to be induced in response to 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). In Af mice, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was inducible by twofold to severalfold in most tissues examined, except possibly some lymphoreticular organs, e.g., spleen. In AKR mice, however, this enzyme system in liver was relatively resistant to induction by MCA. In contrast, the extrahepatic hydroxylase activity from AKR mice was slightly induced in tissues such as lung, epidermis, and probably lymph nodes. The F1 hybrid mice from genetic crosses between these strains resembled Af mice in susceptibility to the effects of MCA as inducer of hydroxylase activity in most tissues tested, though not to the same degree as the parent inbred strain. Further, these hybrids lack MCA-inducible enzyme in corium cutis under the experimental conditions. Thus the regulation of enzyme induction, in the genetic groups examined, seemed not to reflect simple mendelian genetics. The control and inducible levels of hepatic hydroxylase activity from inbred and hybrid mice were higher in females than in males. The hepatic enzyme system derived from female mice was more active in metabolizing MCA as substrate and in catalyzing the formation of polycyclic hydrocarbon-hepatic cytosol protein complexes. However, a lack of correlation was noted between metabolism of MCA or binding of polycyclic hydrocarbon to cytosol macromolecules and the ability of hepatic hydroxylase activity to be induced in response to MCA.
Spontaneous Tumors in ACI/N Rats2
Authors: Akihiko Maekawa, Shigeyoshi Odashima
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

One hundred ninety-five spontaneous tumors, developing in 55 male and 209 female ACI/N rats in 169 weeks, were studied. The incidence was 56% (31/55) in males and 52% (108/209) in females; their average survival time was 113 and 108 weeks, respectively. These neoplasms were found in all organ systems except those of the sensory and locomotor systems. In the males, interstitial cell tumors of the testis (45.5%, 25/55) were most frequent, followed by those in the adrenal (16.4%, 9/55) and pituitary glands (5.5%, 3/55), skin (5.5%, 3/55), and urinary bladder (3.6%, 2/55). In female rats, tumors of the pituitary gland (21.1%, 44/209), uterus (12.9%, 27/209), mammary gland (11.1%, 23/209), adrenal gland (5.7%, 12/209), urinary bladder (4.8%, 10/209), thymus and lymph nodes (4.3%, 9/209), subcutaneous tissues (1.4%, 3/209), heart (1.4%, 3/209), vagina (1.0%, 2/209), and salivary gland (1.0%, 2/209) were detected. In addition, tumors of the glandular stomach, small intestine, spleen, trachea, lacrymal gland, ovary, brain, kidney, thyroid, and bone marrow were detected in 1 female each, and those of the small intestine, spleen, lung, and peritoneum in 1 male rat each. Only 6 adenocarcinomas of the uterus, 3 lymphatic leukemias, 1 cortical carcinoma, and 1 mesothelioma of 195 tumors observed in the present studies metastasized to remote organs.
Evidence-based treatments for female pattern hair loss: a summary of a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: E.J. van Zuuren, Z. Fedorowicz, B. Carter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) or androgenic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss affecting women with reduced hair density and can have a serious psychological impact. It is characterized by progressive replacement of slow cycling terminal hair follicles by miniaturized, rapidly cycling vellus hair follicles. The frontal hair line may or may not be preserved. The aim of this review was to assess the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of the treatments available for FPHL. Searches included: Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO, LILACS and several ongoing trials registries (October 2011). Randomized controlled trials in women with FPHL were identified. Twenty-two trials, comprising 2349 participants, were included. A range of interventions was evaluated, with 10 studies examining varying concentrations of minoxidil. Pooled data from four studies indicated that a greater proportion of participants treated with minoxidil reported a moderate increase in their hair regrowth compared with placebo (relative risk 1·86, 95% confidence interval 1·42-2·43). There was no difference between the number of adverse events experienced in the twice daily minoxidil and the placebo intervention groups, except for a reported increase with minoxidil 5% twice daily. Single studies accounted for most of the other comparisons, which were assessed as either having high risk of bias and/or they did not address the prespecified outcomes for this review and provided limited evidence of either the effectiveness or safety of these interventions. Further well-designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials investigating other treatment options are still required.
Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions
Authors: MW Elliott, DA Mulvey, J Moxham, M Green, MA Branthwaite
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The improvement in arterial blood gas tensions following assisted ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has usually been attributed to the relief of incipient or established respiratory muscle fatigue. The contribution of changes in the load placed upon and the drive to the respiratory muscle pump have not been evaluated. We have investigated the contribution of changes in respiratory muscle strength, the ventilatory response to CO2 and ventilatory function to changes in arterial blood gas tensions in eight patients with severe COPD completing six months domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Six patients showed a reduction and two an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), median (range) for eight patients, -0.9 kPa (-1.5 to +0.4) (p less than 0.05) and seven showed an improvement in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), +0.7 kPa (-0.4 to +1.7) (p less than 0.05) during daytime spontaneous breathing. The reduction in PaCO2 was not related to increased inspiratory muscle strength but was correlated with a decrease in gas trapping (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r(S)) 0.85, p less than 0.05) and in the residual volume (r(s) 0.78, p less than 0.05), suggesting reduced small airway obstruction and, therefore, a reduction in load. The change in PaCO2 also correlated with the increase in ventilation at an end-tidal CO2 of 8 kPa during rebreathing (r(s) -0.76, p less than 0.05) suggesting improved chemosensitivity to CO2. Our data do not support the hypothesis that improvements were due to the relief of muscle fatigue. We suggest that the contribution of changes in load and central drive warrant further investigation.
Audit of Surgical and Pneumatic/Hydrostatic Treatment of Achalasia in a Defined Population
Authors: J F Mayberry, H L Smart, M Atkinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

A retrospective survey was made of all the patients resident in the Nottingham area who presented with achalasia between 1959 and 1983. Initial treatment consisted of pneumatic bag dilatation in 26, hydrostatic bag dilatation in one and surgical cardiomyotomy in 22. Those treated by dilatation were older (mean age 52 years) than those treated by cardiomyotomy (mean age 42 years). Seven patients died without receiving active treatment because of old age and infirmity and in 6 this occurred before the introduction of endoscopic dilatation to the area. Initial treatment by cardiomyotomy was associated with a lower recurrence rate than treatment by bag dilatation but with a longer stay in hospital and a higher incidence of complications including empyema, chest infections and oesophageal stricture.
Interference of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Replication by PTT.119 [&lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt;-Fluoro-&lt;sc&gt;l&lt;/sc&gt;-Phe-&lt;italic&gt;m&lt;/italic&gt;-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-&lt;sc&gt;l&lt;/sc&gt;-Phe-Met ethoxy HCl]—an Antitumor Agent&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M J Yagi, F Maldarelli, S E Chin, J F Holland, J G Bekesi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

PTT.119 [p-fluoro-l-Phe-m-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-amino-l-Phe-Met ethoxy HCl] is a new bifunctional alkylating compound that possesses both cytolytic and antiviral activities. Continuous treatment of mouse mammary tumor cells with 15 µM PTT.119 reduced production of the B-type retrovirus murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV). MuMTV levels in PTT.119-treated cultures were reduced by 31% in the first 24 hours; an additional 24 hours of treatment resulted in a further reduction of 70%. These reductions were significantly greater than could be accounted for by the effects of PTT.119 tumor cell metabolism and viability. Under identical treatment conditions, equimolar concentrations of L-phenylalanine mustard reduced MuMTV production by only 3%. PTT.119 inhibition of MuMTV replication was also apparent when mammary tumor cells were exposed for periods as short as 0.5–4 hours; persistent decreases in virus production were detected even 7 days following tripeptide treatment. Analyses of the polypeptide composition of MuMTV by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that virions from these PTT.119-treated mammary tumor cultures contained significant reductions in the relative level of the nonglycosylated 24,000-dalton (p24) viral polypeptide associated with the nucleoprotein core. Decreases in p24 were observed in MuMTV produced in the presence of the tripeptide and 1–7 days after removal of PTT.119. Examination of the steady-state levels and rates of intracellular MuMTV protein synthesis suggested that PTT.119 interferes with late steps in MuMTV processing and maturation.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacologic Study of 13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid, Interferon Alfa, and Paclitaxel in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Other Advanced Malignancies
Authors: R. S. DiPaola, M. M. Rafi, V. Vyas, D. Toppmeyer, E. Rubin, J. Patel, S. Goodin, M. Medina, P. Medina, R. Zamek, C. Zhang, E. White, E. Gupta, W. N. Hait
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Recent studies demonstrate that retinoids decrease expression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, enhance the effect of chemotherapy, and act synergistically with interferon alfa (IFNalpha) to inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro. A phase I trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid (CRA), IFNalpha, and paclitaxel (TAX) was conducted to determine the toxicity and recommended phase II dose of this combination. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed to determine whether CRA and IFNalpha could modulate bcl-2 expression in vitro and in patients.Twenty-two patients with prostate cancer or other advanced malignancies were treated with CRA/IFNalpha and escalating doses of TAX. The effect of CRA/IFNalpha on TAX pharmacokinetics was analyzed in both patients and human liver microsomes. The effect of CRA/IFNalpha on bcl-2 expression was assessed in vitro and in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by immunoblotting.CRA 1 mg/kg on days 1 to 4, IFNalpha 6 MU/m(2) subcutaneously on days 1 to 4, and TAX 175 mg/m(2) on day 3 was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that CRA/IFNalpha caused a 33% decrease in TAX clearance and a 23% decrease in the area under the concentration-time curve values of the TAX metabolite 6-alfa-hydroxytaxol (6-HT). CRA alone reduced conversion of TAX to 6-HT by 41% in human liver microsomes. CRA/IFNalpha decreased bcl-2 expression in vitro and in PBMCs.CRA/IFNalpha and TAX is a well-tolerated regimen. CRA/IFNalpha increases TAX area under the concentration-time curve through an inhibitory effect of CRA on the metabolism of TAX to 6-HT. CRA/IFNalpha can modulate bcl-2 expression in vitro and demonstrates similar biologic activity in patients. Further studies will determine the activity of CRA/IFNalpha/TAX and validate the assessment of bcl-2 in PBMCs as a marker of tumor response.
Racial differences in treatment for breast cancer among black and white women in Atlanta
Authors: M. J. Lund, O. W. Brawley, J. W. Eley, K. C. Ward, J. L. Young, J. M. Liff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

603 Background: Among women with breast cancer, Black women experience a disproportionate excess in mortality, a reflection of their marked poorer survival, which persists even within stage and age groups. Adherence to first course treatment guidelines for breast cancer may not be uniform across racial/ethnic groups and could be a major contributing factor to racial disparities in outcome. In this population-based study, we assessed racial differences in initial treatment of primary invasive breast cancer. Methods: All data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The study population included all invasive breast cancers diagnosed during 2000–2001 among Black (n=877) and White (n=2437) female residents of the five Atlanta SEER counties, an area whose population is 36% Black and where several large teaching hospitals are located. Outcome factors included delay in first course treatment, type of treatment, performance of cancer directed surgery, type of surgery, and receipt of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. Racial differences in treatment were analyzed according to their basis for treatment; stage or age at diagnosis and tumor factors. Analyses utilized frequency distributions, χ 2 tests of independence, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics in and across strata. Results: Black women were more likely to experience delays in treatment, regardless of stage at diagnosis, and 4–5 fold more likely to experience delays greater than 60 days (p&lt;0.001). For local-regional disease, more Black women did not receive cancer directed surgery (14.2% vs. 2.9% of white women, p&lt;0.001), but did receive breast conserving surgery (BCS) equivalently. However, only 61% of Black vs. 72% of White women received radiation with BCS (p&lt;0.001). Black women eligible for hormonal therapy were less likely to receive it (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest treatment standards are not adequately or equivalently implemented among Black and White women, even in a metropolitan area where teaching hospitals provide a substantial portion of breast cancer care. Treatment differences can adversely affect outcome and reasons for the differences need to be addressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prevalence and determinants of sleep disordered breathing in pre- and postmenopausal women
Authors: José Haba-Rubio, Sopharat Vat, Daniela Andries, Tobback Nadia, Mehdi Tafti, Raphael Heinzer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Historical studies suggest that there is an increased male/female ratio in the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SBD). Moreover, SDB was reported to increase in postmenopausal women.   Objectives:  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the determinants of SDB in premenopausal (Pre) and postmenopausal (Post) women.   Method : 2020 subjects (50% women, 57.3±10.7 y.o, BMI 25.5±4.3 kg/m 2 ) participating in an population-based sleep cohort study (HypnoLaus, Lausanne, Switzerland) underwent complete polysomnographic recordings at home. Hormonal status was known for 981 women (30.6% Pre and 69.4% Post). Prevalence of SDB was determined according to AASM 2007 criteria.   Results : The prevalence of SDB in women with AHI thresholds of 5/h, 15/h and 30/h was 30.4%, 10% and 2.4% with a male/female ratio of 1.79, 2.49 and 4.25 respectively. The prevalence of SDB in Pre vs Post for the same AHI thresholds was 13.7% vs 38%, 1.7% vs 13.8% and 0,1% vs 3.5% respectively (p 5/h were older (p 5 were age (p   Conclusions : The prevalence of SDB is lower in women than in men with a male/female ratio increasing with SDB severity. Post-menopausal women have a higher SDB prevalence compared to premenopausal women, mainly due to increased BMI, waist-hip ratio, age and neck size.
Epirubicin at two dose levels with prednisolone as treatment for advanced breast cancer: the results of a randomized trial.
Authors: T Habeshaw, J Paul, R Jones, S Stallard, M Stewart, S B Kaye, M Soukop, R P Symonds, N S Reed, E M Rankin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Two hundred eleven patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive either epirubicin (E) 50 mg/m2 and prednisolone (LEP) or E 100 mg/m2 and prednisolone (HEP). The intended treatment consisted of 16 courses of LEP or eight courses of HEP given at 3-weekly intervals. Reasons for stopping treatment early included progressive disease, stable disease without symptomatic improvement, or severe toxicity deemed intolerable by either the patient or physician. Toxicity was recorded at 3-weekly and response at 9-weekly intervals using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of response and toxicity. Two hundred nine patients were eligible for analysis, 98% of whom have been followed for more than a year. One hundred four patients received LEP and 105 HEP. Significantly worse myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and mucositis were seen in the high-dose arm (P less than or equal to .001). More patients in the LEP arm stopped treatment before the fourth course than in the HEP arm, and the commonest reason for stopping was progressive disease. A similar median number of courses was given in each arm. There was a significantly higher response in the HEP arm (HEP - complete response [CR] + partial response [PR] = 41%, LEP - CR + PR = 23%). Despite this, no statistically significant differences was seen in overall survival or progression-free interval. The median survival for HEP and LEP was 44 and 46 weeks, respectively.
Rationing intensive care
Authors: G B Smith, B L Taylor, P J McQuillan, E Nials
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Result ofHeaftests and chest radiography and interventions offered in 170 studentsfrom overseas Heaftest Chest radiography Outcome Grade No (%) Result No(%) Intervention No (%/) 0 8 (5) Abnormal 2 (1) Chemoprophylaxis 7 (4) 1 28 (17) Child (no radiography) 8 (5) Offered BCG 1 (1) 2 105 (62) Old tuberculosis 1(1) Followed up 11(7) 3 12 (7) Refused 10 (6) Discharged 151 :89) 4 8 (5) Normal 149 (88) Refused test 9 (5)positive.Seven required chemoprophylaxis.There were 19 refusals ofone or both tests (table ).In replies from 20 of 22 other universities we contacted, only 13 (65%) were able to enumerate overseas students registered for the 1992-3 academic year.Ten had no tuberculosis screening programmes; two had no student health service.Eight of the remaining 10 had arranged screening with the local consultant in communicable disease control.Twelve universities had medical schools, 10 of which screened students for tuberculosis.Only a few universities had any data on abnormalities detected currently or in previous years.This, together with the absence of denominators, made estimates of the prevalence of tuberculosis impossible and served only to reveal the extent of failure to comply with the national guidelines and purpose of screening.Since admissions of overseas students from high prevalence areas are increasing, there is clearly a need for a multicentric rationalisation of screening procedures and preventive policy.Students from these regions qualifying for study in Britain are usually advantageously placed in comparison with their home populations in terms of education, health, and standard of living.The occurrence of seven cases (4%) requiring chemo- prophylaxis in the 44% minority who attended for screening in Bristol, the fact that 92% are not screened at the port of entry, and the lack of compliance with minimal preventive measures all point to a situation which, in the generality of immigrants, must already be creating foci for further spread of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom.
Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax: uniform features of a rare condition
Authors: E Garcia Restoy, F Bella Cueto, E Espejo Arenas, A Aloy Duch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

A 67-yr-old woman was admitted with dyspnoea, chest and neck pain and swelling of both supraclavicular fossae and the neck. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pleural effusions. Thoracocentesis yielded a milky fluid with a high triglyceride level. Four previously published cases had similar clinical manifestations. The pathophysiology is discussed.
Scottish parliament rejects "right to die" for terminally ill people
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Campaigners fighting to legalise assisted suicide have vowed to fight on after the Scottish parliament voted against allowing people with terminal and life shortening conditions to seek medical help to die.

A bill on legalising assisted suicide was defeated by 82 votes to 36 after being criticised for lacking clarity, increasing the risk of coercion for vulnerable people, and potentially making suicide more acceptable in society. Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who supported the bill argued that the proposed legislation could be improved and that it was wrong to deny people the right to choose the way …