tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA differentiation during the speciation process in Peromyscus.
Authors: J C Avise, J F Shapira, S W Daniel, C F Aquadro, R A Lansman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1984)

We address the problem of the possible significance of biological speciation to the magnitude and pattern of divergence of asexually transmitted characters in bisexual species. The empirical data for this report consist of restriction endonuclease site variability in maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from 82 samples of Peromyscus polionotus and P. leucopus collected from major portions of the respective species' ranges. Data are analyzed together with previously published information on P. maniculatus, a sibling species to polionotus. Maps of restriction sites indicate that all of the variation observed can be reasonably attributed to base substitutions leading to loss or gain of particular recognition sites. Magnitude of mtDNA sequence divergence within polionotus (maximum approximately equal to 2%) is roughly comparable to that observed within any of five previously identified mtDNA assemblages in maniculatus. Sequence divergence within leucopus (maximum approximately equal to 4%) is somewhat greater than that within polionotus. Consideration of probable evolutionary links among mtDNA restriction site maps allowed estimation of matriarchal phylogenies within polionotus and leucopus. Clustering algorithms and qualitative Wagner procedures were used to generate phenograms and parsimony networks, respectively, for the between-species comparisons. Three simple graphical models are presented to illustrate some conceivable relationships of mtDNA differentiation to speciation. In theoretical case I, each of two reproductively defined species (A and B) is monophyletic in matriarchal genealogy; the common female ancestor of either species can either predate or postdate the speciation. In case II, neither species is monophyletic in matriarchal genotype. In case III, species B is monophyletic but forms a subclade within A which is thus paraphyletic with respect to B. The empirical results for mtDNA in maniculatus and polionotus appear to conform closely to case III. These theoretical and empirical considerations raise a number of questions about the general relationship of the speciation process to the evolution of uniparentally transmitted traits. Some of these considerations are presented, and it is suggested that the distribution patterns of mtDNA sequence variation within and among extant species should be of considerable relevance to the particular demographies of speciation.
Transplant tolerance: a new role for IL-34
Authors: James I. Kim, Laurence A. Turka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Immune-suppressive cell populations, including Tregs and suppressor monocytes, have been implicated in long-term survival of allografts in both human transplant recipients and animal models. The factors that drive differentiation and function of these cell populations are not completely understood. In this issue, Bézie and colleagues identify IL-34 as an important mediator of allograft tolerance in a rat model of heart transplantation. Their data support a model in which IL-34 production by Tregs promotes a population of suppressive macrophages that in turn promote Treg differentiation. The results of this study support further exploration of the immunosuppressive properties of IL-34.
Continuous intravenous therapy with theophylline in a patient with brittle bronchial asthma
Authors: B Speelberg, WT van den Brink
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Ambulant continuous intravenous theophylline therapy was used in a patient with frequent and severe asthmatic attacks. The patient could not tolerate oral theophylline preparations. We demonstrated a reduction in complaints and prednisone therapy. Activities of daily life improved, as did theophylline levels, lung function and peak-flow.
The effect of mediastinal irradiation on cardiac function of patients treated during childhood and adolescence for Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: D M Green, R L Gingell, J Pearce, A M Panahon, J Ghoorah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

To determine the frequency of cardiac dysfunction in patients treated during childhood or adolescence with mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease (HD), 28 patients underwent cardiac evaluation 19 to 182 months (median, 90 months) after the completion of radiation therapy. No patient had symptoms of cardiac disease. All were normotensive. All patients had a normal cardiothoracic ratio. There were no abnormalities of voltage or rhythm in the ECGs. The left ventricular end diastolic volume was increased in 19.2% of patients, none of whom had evidence of impaired left ventricular function. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased in 15.3% of patients. No patient had a decreased LVEF. Pericardial thickening was demonstrated on echocardiograms from 12 of 28 patients (42.9%). Thickening was more frequent among those patients observed for 72 or more months (47.1%; eight of 17) than among those with shorter periods of follow-up (36.4%; four of 11). This study demonstrates that cardiac dysfunction is an infrequent sequela of mediastinal irradiation following treatment using an equally weighted, anterior-posterior technique. Longitudinal study of these patients will be necessary to determine the clinical significance and evolution of the occult pericardial thickening that was identified.
Effect of healthy ageing on alveolar-capillary recruitment during exercise
Authors: Bryan Taylor, Alex Carlson, Josh O'Malley, Andrew Miller, Bruce Johnson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Ageing is associated with deterioration in the structure and function of the pulmonary circulation with a decrease in alveolar-capillary surface area. We asked whether age-related changes in the pulmonary circulation limit alveolar-capillary recruitment and gas exchange during exercise in healthy older adults. 5 old (OLD; 66±8 yr, VO 2max  140±31% age-predicted) and 8 young adults (YNG; 28±2 yr, VO 2max  131±17% age-predicted) participated. Lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), cardiac output (Q), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) and membrane diffusing capacity (Dm) were measured via a rebreathe method at rest and during cycle exercise at 25, 50, 75 and 90% of peak power. SaO 2  was measured throughout exercise via pulse oximetry. At rest, DLCO, Vc, and Dm were lower in the OLD vs. the YNG group (22.3±5.8 vs. 29.6±4.7 ml/min/mmHg, 70±26 vs.102±48 ml, 35.2±7.9 vs. 46.6±12.3 ml/min/mmHg,  P  2  did not change during exercise in either group.  These data suggest that the age-associated changes in the pulmonary circulation do not impair alveolar-capillary recruitment and gas exchange during exercise in healthy older adults. NIH HL71478
Vascular Tumors in Female Swiss Mice After Intraperitoneal Injection of Dimethylnitrosamine2
Authors: A. Cardesa, P. Pour, J. Althoff, U. Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Vascular Tumors in Female Swiss Mice After Intraperitoneal Injection of Dimethylnitrosamine Get access A. Cardesa, A. Cardesa The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Pour, P. Pour The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Althoff, J. Althoff The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar U. Mohr U. Mohr The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 201–208, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.1.201 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 04 January 1973 Accepted: 01 March 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
The association between asthma, rhinitis and eczema among adults in west Sweden
Authors: Erik P. Rönmark, Linda Ekerljung, Jan Lötvall, Göran Wennergren, Eva Rönmark, Kjell Torén, Bo Lundbäck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  In contrast to studies of asthma and rhinitis, few studies among adults investigating the associations between asthma, rhinitis and eczema have been published. The objective was to investigate these associations including the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis.   Methods:  A large-scale postal questionnaire on asthma, rhinitis, respiratory symptoms and eczema, as well as possible risk factors was mailed to 30000 randomly selected subjects aged 16-75 years in Sweden. Current disease was defined as report disease in combination with current symptoms or medicine use.   Results:  The prevalence of current asthma, current rhinitis and current eczema was 8.0, 20.7 and 11.5%. The prevalence of those having either current asthma, rhinitis or eczema was 31.3%. Either current asthma or rhinitis was reported by 24.3%, current asthma or eczema by 17.8%, and current eczema or rhinitis by 28.3%. All three conditions was reported by 1.1%. The overlap was greatest for current asthma and rhinitis, 4.4%, while it was 3.9% for current rninitis and eczema and 1.7% for current asthma and eczema. Family histories of either asthma and/or allergy were the dominating risk factors for all three conditions. Generally all clinical and morbidity variables, including lung function, methacholine reactivity and positive skin prick tests, were most affected among those having all three conditions, particularly if they also had chronic rhinosinusitis.   Conclusion : About one third of the adult population of West Sweden have either current asthma, rhinitis or eczema, while only 1.1% had all these three conditions. Those with all three conditions have a considerably more severe disease than those with one or two of the conditions.
Heart rate variability in obstructive sleep apnea: A non linear analysis
Authors: Renata Trimer, Fernando Sousa Melo Costa, Renata Gonçalves Mendes, Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio, Antônio Delfino Oliveira Júnior, Federico Aletti, Ross Arena, Audrey Borghi Silva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increase in arrhythmia frequency and a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be altered in OSA patients. However, traditional measures of HRV may uncover abnormalities in different sleep stages that are not easily detectable with traditional time and frequency domain measures. In this context, non linear HRV analysis, which provides the basic physiologic dynamics of normal sinus rhythm as a fractal-like feature, has not yet been investigated during different parts of the sleep cycle.  Objectives: To assess differences in non linear HRV during sleep stage II and REM in OSA and apparently healthy controls.  Methods: Twenty mild and twenty moderate OSA patients as well as eighteen age-matched controls were included in the study. A standard polysomnography followed by simultaneous electrocardiography. R-R intervals (RRi) were analyzed by Poincarre Plot and Recurrence Plot during the stage II and REM sleep each containing 5-minute samples which were free of stage shifts, artifacts, arousals and apneas.  Results: We observed that LMean, REC, DET and ShanEn were higher in REM stage when compared with stage II in all subjects (p  Conclusion: The application of non-linear HRV measures can provide additional insights in sleep studies, particularly during event free-periods. During REM sleep, mild and moderate OSA presented altered HRV when compared with controls, especially during REM sleep, suggesting sympathetic overdrive and alterations of complexity of HR.  Financial Support: FAPESP (2009/01842-0) and CAPES.
Do we ever learn? Risk stratification and investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ambika Talwar, Sarah Fellows, Kumaran Mylvaganam, Rabinder Randhawa, Ajikumar Kavidasan, Milan Bhattacharya, Vikas Somani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : The British Thoracic Society (BTS) advise that patients with suspected PE should have a pre test probability (PTP) before requesting CTPA. A low or moderate PTP combined with a negative D Dimer excludes PE in over 97% of cases. In May 2012 an audit of the management of suspected PE was conducted with education measures.   Objectives : To assess whether there is an improvement in CTPA requesting.   Methods : We conducted a retrospective audit of inpatient CTPA requests, between August and December 2012.   Results : 289 CTPAs were performed. 12(4%) patients had a documented PTP. 214(74%) had documented clinical information considered as part of their risk stratification. In May 2012, 9/42 (24%) patients had a documented PTP. 236(82%) patients had an appropriate D dimer requested, in comparison to 64% previously. The following tables show the PPV of the Wells score and the predictive value of the D dimer in our study.   Conclusion : As a Trust,we are recording PTP even less than before; resulting in inappropriate CTPA requests. D dimer requesting has improved. These measures have a good predictive value in our study. Overall, the use of the BTS guidelines has improved with education. However revision of this is necessary in order to maintain a high standard of care.
Frequency dependence of capnography in anesthetized rabbits
Authors: Iulia Ioan, Bruno Demoulin, Silvia Varechova, Claude Duvivier, Claude Bonabel, Cyril Schweitzer, Francois Marchal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective, non-invasive lung function measurements are needed to improve the diagnostic of asthma in uncooperative young children. The shape of capnogram may be informative to the presence of bronchial obstruction, but the potential of aspirative capnography may be limited in young children because of the comparatively high rate of breathing (RB).

The objective was to characterize the flattening of the capnogram induced by acute airway obstruction at different RB, with reference to respiratory mechanics.

Material and method. Eight anesthetized paralyzed rabbits were artificially ventilated at 30, 60 and 80 breaths.min-1. Measurements of expired CO2 and of respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 8Hz using the forced oscillation technique were taken at baseline and after methacholine aerosol. The capnogram was characterised by the slope of the transition line from dead- to alveolar space ( alfa ), the slope of the alveolar plateau ( beta ), Q, the angle between alfa and beta , DI, the maximum value of the first time derivative, DII, the minimal value of the second time derivative.

Results. Methacholine induced significant decrease in alfa , DI and Xrs, increase in DII and Rrs at all RB (p<0.001), significant increase in beta and Q at 30 (p<0.001), but not 60 or 80 breaths.min-1. At 30 breaths.min-1, beta or Q were found to correlate best with Xrs (p<0.0001) and to a lesser extent with Rrs (p=0.001). Alfa , DI and DII correlated with Xrs at 80 breaths.min-1 (p<0.045).

Conclusion. Alfa , DI and DII appear the most robust capnogram shape-indices in a range of breathing frequency relevant to young children respiratory disease.
Factors affecting attitude towards pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in patients admitting to a pulmonary diseases outpatient clinic
Authors: Elif Sen, Fatma Ciftci, Nalan Demir, Oya Kayacan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Patient knowledge and attitude towards influenza and pneumococcal vaccines may affect administration rates. Our aim was to assess factors affecting attitudes. A questionnairre was applied to 1058 patients (514 female 544 male) between October 2011-January 2012. Ratio of patients with a vaccination indication was 73,2%(n=775).Ratio of influenza-vaccinated (IV) patients (n:222,%21) or pneumococcal-vaccinated (PV) patients (n:61,%5,8) were determined. Of all patients, 64,5%(n=682) defined influenza and 68% (n=719) defined pneumococcal vaccine beneficial.Vaccination ratio upon physician advice was 82,4% for influenza and 83.6% for pneumococcus. More IV patients considered vaccine protective (p=0.001), decreases hospitalization rate(p=0.002), decreases pneumonia and death(p=0.02), pneumococcal vaccine is beneficial, and they were informed by the physician(p=0.001). IV patients had more cardiopulmonary disease and a vaccination rate against pneumococcus(p=0.001). Influenza-nonvaccinated patients were unaware of the necessity of the vaccine(p=]0.001). More PV patients considered the vaccine beneficial(p=0.001) and were more frequently informed by physician(p= 0.039). Pneumococcus-nonvaccinated patients were unaware of its necessity(p=0.001).PV patients had higher incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases. Our study shows that vaccination rates in vaccine-indicated patients were low. Vaccinated patients were more frequently informed by physician. The thought of patients that vaccination is beneficial and decreases the rate of severe conditions was distinctive in being vaccinated. The nonvaccinated patients were unaware of the vaccine9s necessity.
Progress of clinical oncology guidelines development using the Practice Guidelines Development Cycle: the role of practitioner feedback.
Authors: G P Browman, T E Newman, E A Mohide, I D Graham, M N Levine, K I Pritchard, W K Evans, J A Maroun, D I Hodson, M S Carey, D H Cowan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To present an update on the development of oncology practice guidelines (PGs) using the Practice Guidelines Development Cycle (Cycle), and to present the results of surveys of oncologists on the first 10 guidelines from the Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative. METHODS Practitioners' opinions about guidelines in development were sought using a mail survey method with systematic follow-up. Practitioners were identified by cancer center representatives. Survey packages included evidence-based recommendations (EBRs) and a one-page, nine-item feedback questionnaire. Data were collected between February 1995 and February 1996. RESULTS Nine hundred fourteen surveys that pertained to 10 guidelines were mailed to 423 practitioners in Ontario. Practitioners included 112 medical oncologists/hematologists, 34 radiation oncologists, 195 surgeons, and 82 practitioners from other medical specialities. One hundred practitioners were located in cancer centers and 323 had community-based practices. The overall response rate by practitioner was 72% and by survey questionnaire, 70%. For the five questionnaire items that assessed guideline quality, approval ratings ranged from 86% to 92%. For the 10 recommendations, 77% ( 63% to 82%) of respondents agreed that the EBR could be approved as a PG. Response and approval rates were consistent across medical specialities and locations of practice. CONCLUSION The process of obtaining practitioner feedback in the development of PGs is both feasible and useful. The high response rates to the survey indicate that it is possible to obtain broad participation in evidence-based guidelines development throughout Ontario. The changes made to the EBRs in response to feedback suggest that practitioners' opinions can be valuable in shaping evidence-based guidelines.
Effect of ret/PTC 1 rearrangement on transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in a papillary thyroid carcinoma model
Authors: Susanne Cahill, Paul Smyth, Stephen P Finn, Karen Denning, Richard Flavin, Esther M O'Regan, Jinghuan Li, Astrid Potratz, Simone M Guenther, Richard Henfrey, John J O'Leary, Orla Sheils
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2006)

Abstract Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding single stranded RNAs measuring approximately 22 nt in length that have been found to control cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. miRNAs negatively regulate their target genes and recently have been implicated in tumourigenesis. Furthermore, miRNA expression profiling correlates with various cancers, with these genes thought to act as both tumour suppressors and oncogenes. ret/PTC 1 is an oncogene with constitutive kinase activity implicated in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This rearrangement leads to aberrant MAPK activation that is implicated in PTC tumourigenesis. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the effect that ret/PTC 1 has on transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in PTC by using DNA microarray and microRNA analysis. Results DNA microarray analysis revealed a group of genes differentially expressed between normal thyroid cell lines and those harbouring a ret/PTC 1 rearrangement. Furthermore, a unique miRNA expression signature differentiated between PTC cell lines with ret/PTC 1 and a normal thyroid cell line. 21 miRNAs showed significant overexpression and 14 miRNAs showed underexpression in these cell lines when compared to normal thyroid. Several of these up/down regulated miRNAs may be involved in PTC pathogenesis.
Potential effect of the extract of zataria multiflora and its consituent carvacrol on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Abas Tabatabaee, Sediqeh Jalali
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The effects of the extract of Zataria multiflora ( Z. multiflora ) and carvacrol on lung inflammation of sensitized animals were examined. Eight groups of sensitized guinea pigs to ovalbumin (OA) were given drinking water alone (group S), drinking water containing three concentrations of the extract (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL), three concentrations of carvacrol (40, 80 and 160 µg/mL) and dexamethasone (50 µg/mL), (n=6, for all groups). Lung pathology, total and differential WBC in lung lavage and serum levels of IgE and eosinophil proxidase (EPO) were examined. All pathological indices, serum IgE and EPO levels, total and differential WBC except lymphocytes in group S showed significant increased but lymphocyte was decreased compared to control group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Dexamethasone, all concentrations of the extract and carvacrol treatment caused significantly improvement in all parameters compared to group S (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The effects of high concentration of the extract and carvacrol were higher compared to dexamethasone in most parameters (p<0.05 to 0.001). The effects of carvacrol on most parameter were higher than those of the extract (p<0.05 to 0.001). The effects of high concentration of the extract and carvacrol were significantly higher than those of their low concentration (p<0.05 to p<0.001). These results showed a preventive effect of the extract of Z. multiflora and its constituent carvacrol on lung inflammation of sensitized guinea pigs which was comparable or even higher than the effect of dexamethasone. The results also showed that the effect of the plant is perhaps due to its constituent carvacrol.