tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Infectious Diseases for the Practitioner
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It is distinctly unusual in 1985 to encounter and review an 854-page reference book written by one author. This is such a volume, one in a series of<i>Comprehensive Manuals in Pediatrics</i>. The book is organized by systems, eg, respiratory, genitourinary, and neurologic infections. In addition, there are special chapters devoted to immunizations, antimicrobial therapy, neonatal infections, infections in immunocompromised hosts, and nosocomial infections. The text is preceded by four pages of generally excellent color photographs. The remainder of the illustrations, dispersed throughout the book, are in black and white and of highly variable quality. "Scleral icterus" is noted in a color photograph of a patient whose eyes are blocked out for confidentiality. The same photograph appears in black and white later in the text, an unnecessary duplication. We are also told to note jaundice in a black-and-white photograph of an infant with the congenital rubella syndrome. Rashes and Gram's
Relaxin increases heart rate by modulating calcium current in cardiac pacemaker cells.
Authors: X Han, Y Habuchi, W R Giles
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Relaxin (RLX), a reproductive hormone of the insulin family, increases heart rate in experimental animals. The cellular and ionic mechanisms responsible for this positive chronotropic effect remain unknown. We have investigated the actions of RLX on the action potential and underlying transmembrane ionic currents in single sinoatrial node cells of the rabbit heart under whole-cell voltage-clamp conditions, using both nystatin-perforated-patch and membrane-ruptured techniques. In this preparation RLX (0.8 to 80 nmol/L) caused reversible increases in the rate of spontaneous action potentials and a dose-dependent increase in the L-type calcium current, ICa(L). The best-fit Langmuir relation for the augmentation of ICa(L) yielded a threshold concentration of 1 nmol/L and a KD of 14 nmol/L. These effects of RLX appear to be mediated by increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), since RLX was without effect after application of (1) the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (1 mumol/L) or (2) superfusion of the intracellular second messenger cAMP (100 mumol/L) or 8-Br-cAMP (100 to 200 mumol/L). Internal dialysis with an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKI, 7 mumol/L) abolished the effects of RLX. These results provide the first electrophysiological evidence that RLX modulates heart rate and contractility by increasing ICa(L) and suggest that the biochemical mechanism involves the formation of cAMP and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Physical training improves skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Stamatis Adamopoulos, Andrew J.S. Coats, François Brunotte, Leonard Arnolda, Theo Meyer, Campbell H. Thompson, Jeff F. Dunn, John Stratton, Graham J. Kemp, George K. Radda, Bheeshma Rajagopalan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
NICE needs reform
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Change is difficult for professionals—no one wants to have to unlearn all the certainties they spent years ramming into their memory. But David Sackett changed medicine. He came from the streets and rapped on its corners about evidence based medicine. He swept away the conventions of medical classicism. But like all controversial ideas, in time it became the orthodoxy. Profit is a great motivator and medical corporations quickly adapted to the new order. 

Now evidence based medicine is today’s conservatism. Representatives clasp research sponsored by drug companies and steelily say, “You can’t go …
Communication Failure in Primary Care
Authors: Richard O. Cummins, Robert W. Smith, Thomas S. Inui
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a two-physician general practive within 80 km of two university medical centers, there were 4,367 patient visits in six months, from which 233 referrals (5.3%) were made to consultants. All referred patients were accompanied by referral material and a request for follow-up information. The overall rate of receiving follow-up information was 62%. Private specialists provided substantially more follow-up information (78%) than either university-affiliated emergency rooms (48%) or university-affiliated specialty clinics (59%). Patients requiring continuing medical supervision from the referring physician also fared poorly: follow-up information for them was provided only 54% of the time. The timeliness and method of providing follow-up information were examined and believed to be satisfactory when follow-up information was returned.
Damping of Sound on the Chest Surface
Authors: J. Job FABER
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The damping of sound during its transmission over the chest wall was measured in humans in order to establish whether the heart sounds spread in two-dimensions over the chest wall from their auscultatory areas, or in three-dimensions directly from their origins deep in the body. The damping of frequencies from 50 to 400 cycles/sec in soft tissues and ribs can be predicted by an equation which consists of a geometrical term and a term due to viscous damping. The term which represents the viscous damping in the soft tissues and ribs of the chest wall is proportional to the square root of the frequency. The value of the geometrical term suggested that the intensity of the sounds was inversely proportional to the distance travelled, rather than inversely proportional to the square of the distance travelled. The former relationship would apply if the sound travels in a two-dimensional plane of material rather than in a three-dimensional volume. This is consistent with our earlier finding that the heart sounds travel from the heart to their auscultatory areas on the chest and from there over the chest surface. For frequencies under 100 cycles/sec, the chest wall appears to be homogenous. For frequencies above 100 cycles/sec, the damping is much less for transmission over the sternum than for transmission elsewhere on the precordium.
Abstract 742: Comparison of commercially available phosphorylated ERK antibodies for immunohistochemical biomarker analysis
Authors: Michael Jeffers, Lisa M. Dauffenbach, Carol Pena, Chetan Lathia, Ajay Bhargava, Christopher A. Kerfoot
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of ERK phosphorylation is commonly performed on pre- and post-treatment cancer biopsies as part of pharmacodynamic biomarker assessments for targeted oncology therapeutics. The current study was performed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of four commercially-available pERK antibodies for IHC analysis, which included three monoclonal antibodies (clones 20G11, MAPK-YT, D13.14.4E) and one polyclonal antibody. To facilitate this analysis, the HEPG2 liver cancer cell line was grown in the presence or absence of inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (U0126 or sorafenib). Cell lysates were prepared for analysis via Western blotting and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell pellets were prepared for analysis via IHC. All antibodies produced bands at 44 and 42 kDa, the expected molecular weights of ERK1/2, when used for Western analysis of untreated cells and demonstrated a reduction or ablation of these bands following treatment of cells with inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. When examined via IHC, the monoclonals demonstrated nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in HEPG2 cells with increased sensitivity relative to the polyclonal antibody. The monoclonals also demonstrated greatly reduced staining in HEPG2 cells treated with inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. These antibodies were further characterized for reactivity in human tumor specimens representing breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and ovarian cancer. Melanoma tissues were stained with a red chromogen; all others were stained with DAB. Differences in the frequency of expression, percentage of expression, and protein localization were identified between the three monoclonals. In summary, this work has identified commercially-available antibodies that appear to be of suitable specificity and sensitivity for use in IHC assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 742. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-742
International Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Maureen I Harris, Wilbur C Hadden, William C Knowler, Peter H Bennett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

International agreement on classification and criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes is highly desirable. Two systems promulgated in 1979–80 and widely used today are those of the NIH National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and of the World Health Organization (WHO). Although these systems are similar in many ways, certain discrepancies between them result in different classifications of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and different estimates of prevalence of the various glucose tolerance groups. Analysis of 3704 OGTTs performed during a survey of a national probability sample of U.S. residents without known diabetes and aged 20–74 yr shows that the two systems agreed in classification of 87.7% of OGTTs. For the remainder, the NDDG and WHO classifications differed, primarily because nondiagnostic OGTTs occur in the NDDG system but not in the WHO system. The differences resulted in the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) using WHO criteria (11.6%) being more than twice that using NDDG criteria (4.9%), although prevalence rates of diabetic OGTTs were similar in both systems (3.6%, 3.4%). The WHO system represents a simpler, inclusive classification scheme, and there is insufficient evidence from longitudinal studies of prognostic differences that would justify the more complicated NDDG diagnostic criteria. In situations where multiple venipunctures or retesting are not possible, the venous plasma glucose concentration at 2 h after 75 g glucose appears to be the most appropriate single value to use to designate whether a person has diabetes, IGT, or neither. The use of this value alone placed 97% of diabetic subjects and all other subjects, in the same class they were in when the full WHO criteria were used.
Increased Risk for Venous Thrombosis in Carriers of the Prothrombin G→A^20210 Gene Variant
Authors: Maurizio Margaglione
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

A mutation in the prothrombin gene (G-->A20210) has been associated with higher plasma prothrombin levels and an increased tendency for venous thrombosis.To determine whether the prothrombin A20210 allele is independently associated with the occurrence of venous thrombosis.Case-control study.Two thrombosis centers in southern Italy.281 consecutive patients with venous thrombosis confirmed by objective tests and 850 controls.Medical history was collected on standardized questionnaires. The presence of prothrombin G-->A2020 and factor V Leiden mutations was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The presence of anticoagulant factors and prothrombin activity was determined by tests of function.In 150 controls, increased prothrombin activity (P < 0.001) was associated with the prothrombin A20210 allele. This allele was more frequent in patients than in controls (8.01% compared with 2.29%; P < 0.001) and was associated with an increased risk for thrombosis (odds ratio, 3.88 [95% CI, 2.23 to 6.74]). The increased prevalence of this allele was independent of the presence of the factor V Leiden mutation. After adjustment for sex, age, arterial thrombosis, and factor V Leiden mutation, the risk was still significantly elevated (odds ratio, 3.13 [CI, 1.89 to 5.21]). Moreover, the overall prevalence of inherited coagulation abnormalities was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis of the lower extremities than in patients with thrombosis of the upper extremities (odds ratio, 3.77 [CI, 1.10 to 12.93]). Fourteen patients carried both the prothrombin G-->A20210 and factor V Leiden mutations.The prothrombin A20210 allele is independently associated with the occurrence of venous thrombosis, particularly in patients with a history of thrombosis of the lower extremities.
Oxidized low density lipoproteins inhibit relaxations of porcine coronary arteries. Role of scavenger receptor and endothelium-derived nitric oxide.
Authors: F C Tanner, G Noll, C M Boulanger, T F Lüscher
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We studied the effects of low density lipoprotein (LDL) on endothelium function. METHODS AND RESULTS Porcine epicardial and intramyocardial coronary arteries suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording were exposed to LDL for 2 hours and were then washed. In epicardial coronary arteries, oxidized LDL (30-300 micrograms/ml) but not native LDL or lysolecithin inhibited endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin, thrombin, and aggregating platelets (5,000-75,000/microliter). Endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin and A23187 and endothelium-independent relaxations to SIN-1 were unaffected by oxidized LDL. In intramyocardial coronary arteries, oxidized LDL had no appreciable effect on relaxations to serotonin. The effect of oxidized LDL on the response to serotonin in epicardial coronary arteries was completely prevented by dextran sulfate (10 micrograms/ml). The inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL persisted in the presence of pertussis toxin. Similar to the lipoproteins, L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) reduced relaxations to serotonin but not to bradykinin in epicardial coronary arteries. In the presence of L-NMMA, oxidized LDL further reduced the response to serotonin. In arteries in which relaxations to serotonin were inhibited by oxidized LDL, L-arginine but not D-arginine induced a full relaxation. Pretreatment with L-arginine potentiated relaxations to serotonin in arteries exposed to oxidized LDL. CONCLUSIONS Thus, oxidized LDL activates the scavenger receptor on endothelial cells and inhibits the receptor-operated nitric oxide formation in epicardial but not in intramyocardial coronary arteries. The mechanism is not related to dysfunction of a Gi protein but is related to a reduced intracellular availability of L-arginine. The reduced nitric oxide formation at sites of early atherosclerotic lesions may favor platelet aggregation and vasospasm, both of which are known clinical events in patients with coronary artery disease.
Clostridial Myonecrosis ('Gas Gangrene') During Cephalosporin Prophylaxis
Authors: John A. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Four cases of clostridial myonecrosis that developed in open fractures were treated with surgical debridement and with intravenous cephalosporins as antibiotic prophylaxis. All patients recovered following amputation of the involved extremity, and treatment with high-dose penicillin in three cases, and erythromycin plus high-dose cephalothin in the fourth. This complication was not seen in patients with similar injuries that were managed surgically but used other antibiotics, usually penicillin, as prophylaxis. In vitro susceptibility tests of clostridia to cephalothin were performed; the results demonstrated that nearly 50% of clostridia tested were resistant to cephalothin.
Hexachlorophene Bathing in Early Infancy
Authors: Horace M. Gezon, Donovan J. Thompson, Kenneth D. Rogers, Theodore F. Hatch, Paul M. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ANTISEPTIC materials applied to the skin of the newborn infant to prevent pyogenic lesions have been used widely for at least four decades. A partial list of such materials includes ammoniated-mercury ointment, mercuric chloride solution, copperéate, antibiotics, various moisture-absorbing powders and (in the past decade) creams and emulsions containing hexachlorophene, which was noted by Farquharson et al.,1 in 1952, to be a specific preventive of pyogenic skin lesions due to staphylococci.Allison and Hobbs,2 Parker and Kennedy3 and many others have noted that the strains of coagul-sepositive Staphylococcus aureus that cause infection in the newborn infant are acquired in the . . .
Inadequate erythropoietin production in cardiac transplant patients with anemia
Authors: Jon Kobashigawa, Lynne W. Stevenson, Jaime Moriguchi, Nobuyuki Kawata, Erica Brownfield, Lisa Leonard, Roxella Fandrich, Patricia Sheehan, Davis Drinkwater, Hillel Laks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentration on leucine metabolism in cirrhosis
Authors: Alexander S. Petrides, Livio Luzi, Adrian Reuben, Caroline Riely, Ralph A. Defronzo
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Clinically stable patients with cirrhosis demonstrate insulin resistance with regard to glucose metabolism. However, much less is known about the two major factors, insulin and plasma amino acid concentration, that regulate protein metabolism in cirrhotic patients. To examine this question, we performed paired euglycemic insulin clamp studies in combination with 14C-leucine and indirect calorimetry. In the first study insulin alone was infused, and the plasma amino acid concentration was allowed to decline. During the second study a balanced amino acid solution was infused with insulin to increase the total plasma amino acid concentration approximately twofold. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal (4.68 vs. 6.45 mg/kg-min, p less than 0.01) was significantly impaired by 30% in cirrhotic patients during both insulin clamp studies. In the postabsorptive state, cirrhotic patients manifested low plasma leucine (76 vs. 102 mumol/L) and alpha-ketoisocaproate (19 vs. 30 mumol/L) concentrations, but all parameters of leucine turnover were normal. When insulin alone was infused, the endogenous leucine flux (an index of protein degradation) declined similarly in cirrhotic patients (30.8 mumol/m2-min) and control (26.9) subjects, and this was accompanied by a similar decrease in plasma leucine concentration (31% vs. 33%). The decline in circulating leucine concentration was accompanied by a parallel decline in leucine oxidation (5.1 vs. 4.6 mumol/m2-min) and nonoxidative (28.9 vs. 26.0 mumol/m2-min) leucine disposal, which were of similar magnitude in cirrhotic patients and control subjects, respectively. In both cirrhotic patients and control subjects, combined hyperinsulinemia/hyperaminoacidemia elicited a similar stimulation of nonoxidative leucine disposal (an index of protein synthesis) and leucine oxidation while causing a greater suppression of endogenous leucine flux than observed with insulin alone. Thus the suppressive effect of insulin on protein degradation and the stimulatory effect of insulin/amino acid infusion on protein synthesis are not impaired in cirrhotic patients, demonstrating a clear-cut dissociation between the effects of insulin on protein and glucose metabolism.
Suction-assisted lipectomy attracting interest
Authors: Mark L. Fuerst
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Responding to patients' requests for "that new fat surgery," 400 plastic surgeons recently learned how to do suction-assisted lipectomy via a live surgery broadcast from UCLA Medical Center. After watching the world's masters describe the technique and its problems, most of the surgeons said they would try it on selected patients. The procedure, which is designed to minimize lumps and bumps—not to serve as a panacea for obesity—involves suctioning out small amounts of fat from certain areas of the body. Since a 14-member panel of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS) returned from Europe last December with glowing, though guarded, praise for suction lipectomy, plastic surgeons have been flocking by the hundreds to two- or three-day "how-to" continuing medical education (CME) courses. Although nothing beats hands-on experience, those who watched the video from Los Angeles's Century Plaza Hotel agree that a large symposium may be the only
Urologic Robotic Surgery&lt;break /&gt;Robotic Urology
Authors: Philip H. Kim
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diazepam-binding inhibitor mediates feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion and postprandial release of cholecystokinin
Authors: Ying Li, Yibai Hao, Chung Owyang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Recently, we isolated a trypsin-sensitive cholecystokinin-releasing peptide (CCK-RP) from porcine and rat intestinal mucosa. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined to be identical to that of the diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). To test the role of DBI in pancreatic secretion and responses to feeding, we used pancreaticobiliary and intestinal cannula to divert bile–pancreatic juice from anesthetized rats. Within 2 hours, this treatment caused a 2-fold increase in pancreatic protein output and a >10-fold increase in plasma CCK. Luminal DBI levels increased 4-fold. At 5 hours after diversion of bile–pancreatic juice, each of these measures returned to basal levels. Intraduodenal infusion of peptone evoked a 5-fold increase in the concentration of luminal DBI. In separate studies, we demonstrated that intraduodenal administration of antiserum to a DBI peptide specifically abolished pancreatic secretion and the increase in plasma CCK levels after diversion of bile–pancreatic juice. To demonstrate that DBI mediates the postprandial rise in plasma CCK levels, we showed that intraduodenal administration of 5% peptone induced dramatic increases in pancreatic secretion and plasma CCK, effects that could be blocked by intraduodenal administration of anti-DBI antiserum. Hence, DBI, a trypsin-sensitive CCK-RP secreted from the proximal small bowel, mediates the feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion and the postprandial release of CCK.