tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperactive Children: A Study of the Content Analysis of Their Speech
Authors: Louis A. Gottschalk, James M. Swanson, Julia Hoigaard-Martin, Ronda Gilbert, Chris Fiore
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

A group of hyperactive boys with attention deficit disorder (DSM-III) (n = 13) was compared to a group of normative, nonhyperactive boys (n = 16) with respect to Gottschalk-Gleser scores derived from 5-min speech samples they produced in response to standardized and purposely ambiguous instructions. The hyperactive boys had significantly higher mean scores than the normative boys for cognitive impairment, social alienation-personal disorganization, and total depression. Of the eight depression subscales, the hyperactive boys had significantly elevated scores on hopelessness, self-accusation (a cluster composed of shame, guilt, and hostility inwards), and psychomotor retardation. Problems with the classification of the hyperactive syndrome, which is equated with the attention deficit disorder, are briefly discussed. The present study gives some support to the concept, as adjudged from the content analysis of verbal behavior, that hyperactivity, at least in boys, may be associated with cognitive impairment, increased general psychiatric morbidity, and depression. Whether single or multiple etiological factors are involved in this disorder cannot be ascertained from this study.
Use the Passive Voice!
Authors: James Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Many medical writers hold dear and cite often the advice quoted above. However, in their zeal to obey they neglect to notice that like all advice ("Buy tax-free municipal bonds!"), it is more appropriate in some cases than in others. They also fail to acknowledge that the esteemed authorities Strunk and White advise use of the passive voice when suitable, ie, in a good deal of medical writing. The sulfonamides have been largely replaced by more effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents...<sup>2</sup> Since the subject of<i>discussion</i>is sulfonamides, it seems "more direct and vigorous" to let the subject of the<i>sentence</i>be sulfonamides also, rather than turning it around to read: "More effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents have largely replaced the sulfonamides..." Rabbits sick with tularemia are more easily caught by dogs or cats and may, therefore, be brought into contact with human beings.<sup>3</sup> The author
Diagnostic Performance of Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Mediastinal Lymph Node Staging in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Bivariate Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan-Ling Lv, Dong-Mei Yuan, Ke Wang, Xiao-Hui Miao, Qian Qian, Shu-Zhen Wei, Xi-Xu Zhu, Yong Song
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Immunopathogenesis of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Diseases
Authors: Claudio Galperin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The largest lymphoid organ in the body is the gut and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The mucosal immune system faces many challenges in protecting the body from microbial invasion. Its chief function is to maintain a diverse population of mature lymphocytes capable of responding to foreign antigens. This task is accomplished with a variety of unique features that distinguish the mucosal from the systemic immune system. In addition, the mucosal immune system plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple disease, autoimmune gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, and vanishing bile duct syndrome.
Evidence based practice in mental health
Authors: J. Geddes, S. Reynolds, D. Streiner, P. Szatmari
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Objective</h3> Hospital readmission is an important quality improvement measure that has not been well-studied in pediatric neurology. We examined predictors of 7-day and 30-day readmissions for pediatric patients hospitalized with a neurologic diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective study of hospital readmission rates in pediatric neurology patients admitted to a tertiary children9s hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Inclusion criteria were age ≤18 years and a primary neurologic diagnosis on admission, with an unplanned readmission within 7 or 30 days. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, income, insurance type, discharge occurring on a weekend, admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), use of multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and involvement of multiple subspecialties. <h3>Results</h3> There were 923 neurology admissions, and 64 readmissions within 30 days. Total unplanned readmission rate was 6.9%, with 56% (36/64) readmitted within 30 days, 44% (28/64) readmitted within 7 days, and 11% (7/64) admitted multiple times within 30 days. The most common readmission diagnosis was seizure (62%), followed by other neurologic diagnosis (21%), headache (8%), encephalitis/meningitis (7%), stroke (1%), and ataxia (1%). Readmission was significantly associated with multiple AED, PICU admission, seizure with major complication or comorbidity, and presence of a major complication or comorbidity irrespective of diagnosis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study identifies factors associated with higher rates of readmission for pediatric neurology patients. Patients with epilepsy and chronic neurologic conditions should be targeted for future discharge-related interventions to reduce hospital readmission and ensure safe transitions from the inpatient to the outpatient setting.
Regulatory T cell brakes
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

On page [565][1], Haxhinasto et al. pinpoint the signaling roadblock that stops CD4+ T cells from turning into regulatory T (T reg) cells.

Some T reg cells develop directly from thymic progenitor cells, but others seem to be converts that were once CD4+ T cells. These potentially inflammatory CD4+
Successful Prevention of Experimental Hypercholesteremia and Cholesterol Atherosclerosis in the Rabbit
Authors: O. J. POLLAK
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Cholesterol is absorbed by rabbits while its stereoisomer, sitosterol, is not resorbed. Cholesterol and sitosterol form nonseparable crystals. When the two sterols were fed simultaneously to rabbits, cholesterol was not absorbed, or was absorbed but partly. The degree of prevention of hypercholesteremia depended upon the amount of sitosterol fed with the cholesterol. A six-fold surplus of plant sterol was required in the experiments because the product employed contained but 75 to 80 per cent of sitosterol and because the supplied sitosterol binds not only exogenous cholesterol but also endogenous cholesterol present in the intestines. In the rabbit, prevention of hypercholesteremia is tantamount to prevention of atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol feeding.
Immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg IDO+ myeloid cells in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: D Mougiakakos, R Jitschin, L von Bahr, I Poschke, R Gary, B Sundberg, A Gerbitz, P Ljungman, K Le Blanc
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Token-identity, consciousness, and the connection principle
Authors: Jürgen Schröder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Searle's (1990) argument for the “Connection Principle” seems to rest on a confusion between ontological and epistemological claims. The potential consciousness of a mental state does not yield the same effect as does its actual consciousness, namely, the preservation of aspectual shape. Searle's distinction between the consciousness of an intentional object and that of a mental state, which is meant to counter the objection that deep unconscious rules cease to be deep once they become conscious, fails to do its appointed task.
VASCULAR CHANGES ACCOMPAXVIXG WHITE DERMOGRAPHISM AND DELAYED BLANCH IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: COLIN RAMSAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article VASCULAR CHANGES ACCOMPAXVIXG WHITE DERMOGRAPHISM AND DELAYED BLANCH IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS Get access COLIN RAMSAY COLIN RAMSAY Skin Department, The London Hospital. London, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 37–43, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15917.x Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Accepted: 02 July 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Stephen Franks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Polycystic ovary syndrome — in its most typical form, the association of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation — is one of the most common endocrine disorders. The clinical and biochemical features are heterogeneous, and there has been much debate as to whether it represents a single disorder or several. In recent years, it has become apparent that the polycystic ovary syndrome not only is the most frequent cause of anovulation and of hirsutism, but is also associated with a characteristic metabolic disturbance (resistance to the action of insulin) that may have important implications for long-term health.DefinitionThe most widely accepted . . .
PTU-071 Methotrexate Therapy For Ulcerative Colitis In The District General Hospital Setting: A Useful Second-line Option For Patients
Authors: C Hammond, BR Disney, A Xiarchou, D Chohan, J Coyle, G Wood, S Raman, E Sung
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The case for methotrexate (MTX) therapy has been comprehensively compiled in Crohn’s disease, with trials showing its efficacy in both induction and maintenance of remission. By contrast, the evidence remains patchy for ulcerative colitis (UC). BSG guidelines recommend its trial as a second-line agent in those patients intolerant of, or resistant to, azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine (MP). Previous studies show conflicting results for MTX in UC; with response rates between 22–33%, with a high rate of colectomy, 44%, in one of the studies. We aimed to review the clinical effectiveness of MTX in our cohort of UC patients who had previously tried, or failed, with thiopurine therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of patients taking MTX for UC was carried out. Subjects were identified from our inflammatory bowel disease database. All patients had trialled thiopurine therapy prior to MTX. Their outcomes on these treatments, including reasons for discontinuation, were recorded. It is current policy within our department to start with oral MTX (plus folate supplementation), initially 15 mg once weekly, increasing to 20mg or 25mg as necessary. Clinical response at 12 weeks and 12 months was used to assess efficacy of MTX treatment. The primary endpoint was steroid-free remission. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 21 UC patients (male = 62%) were identified. Median age was 61 years (range 21–82). Disease pattern was extensive (43%), left-sided (19%), and recto-sigmoid (38%). Reasons for AZA/MP discontinuation were intolerance to therapy (38%), and failure of therapy (62%) despite dose optimisation. Steroid-free remission was achieved in 11 patients (52%), and this appears sustained at 12 months follow-up. A further 4 patients (19%) report improved symptoms with MTX, but remain dependent on low-dose steroids (although it is noted that 1 of these patients has co-existent rheumatoid arthritis which may explain this). MTX was discontinued in 4 patients (19%) because of a lack of clinical response (n = 1), side-effects (n = 2) or planned pregnancy (n = 1). Side-effects reported with MTX were liver toxicity and skin rashes. A final 2 patients (10%) have shown promising results with MTX but are not yet eligible for 12-month follow-up. Of the 21 patients included, 20 remain on oral therapy, and one has switched to parenteral MTX. Of note, none of the MTX patients have progressed to colectomy, in contrast to previous studies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study has shown good efficacy with MTX, with approximately half of UC patients achieving steroid-free clinical remission at 12 months. In contrast to previous studies, our experience suggests it is a useful treatment option in patients previously failing or intolerant of optimised thiopurine therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Unrelated cord blood transplantation vs related transplantation with HLA 1-antigen mismatch in the graft-versus-host direction
Authors: J Kanda, T Ichinohe, S Kato, N Uchida, S Terakura, T Fukuda, M Hidaka, Y Ueda, T Kondo, S Taniguchi, S Takahashi, T Nagamura-Inoue, J Tanaka, Y Atsuta, K Miyamura, Y Kanda
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Pancreatic actinomycosis presenting as pancreatic mass and diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)
Authors: S. Maestro, R. Trujillo, K. Geneux, M. Garcia, A. Martinez, A. Millan, F. Arisqueta
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We present the case of a 66-year-old man with a 4-month history of abdominal pain poorly responsive to opiate analgesics and with occasional fever. Prior to attending our unit, he had undergone basic studies and computed tomography (CT) at another hospital. The contrast-enhanced pancreatic protocol CT demonstrated a solid mass (16 × 18 mm) at the upper end of the body of the pancreas. The patient was referred to our endoscopy unit, and on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) a hypoechoic round mass was found. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provided an adequate sample for histological examination ([Video 1]). There were no immediate complications following the biopsy. Histopathological analysis demonstrated chronic fibrosis ([Fig. 1]) and a diagnosis of actinomycosis was made. Clinically, the patient responded well to a 6-month course of antibiotics (penicillin). A repeat EUS at 6 months showed partial resolution of the pancreatic mass, and a new biopsy showed no evidence of Actinomyces ([Fig. 2]).
Nifedipine and Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Howard A. Grayson, Joseph D. Kennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1983Nifedipine and Torsades de PointesHOWARD A. GRAYSON, JOSEPH D. KENNEDYHOWARD A. GRAYSONSearch for more papers by this author, JOSEPH D. KENNEDYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-281_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In considering the recent comments from Krikler and Roland (1), we are certain that the ventricular arrhythmia seen (2) was torsades de pointes. The electrocardiogram showed a pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia with spindle-shaped configurations initiated by a late-diastolic PVC falling upon the T-wave. The QRS axic oscillated with definite changes in direction. With a QTU interval of at least 0.44 seconds, all of the hallmark morphologic features of torsades de pointes were demonstrated.The occurrence of torsades de pointes with use of nifedipine may have been coincidental but more plausible is the following explanation. Cardiac ischemia can cause...References1. KRIKLERROLAND DE. Torsades de pointes and nifedipine [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:618. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GRAYSONKENNEDY HJ. Torsades de pointes and nifedipine [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:144. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KRIKLERCURRY DP. Torsades de pointes, an atypical ventricular tachycardia. Br Heart J. 1976;38:117. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JARIWALLAANDERSON AE. Production of ischemic cardiac pain by nifedipine. Br Med J. 1978;1:1181. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byQT PRODACT: In Vivo QT Assay in the Conscious Dog for Assessing the Potential for QT Interval Prolongation by Human Pharmaceuticals 1 August 1983Volume 99, Issue 2Page: 281-282KeywordsArrhythmiaElectrocardiographyIschemiaVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 1 August 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sequence heterogeneity within ISDR and PePHD regions of HCV as marker of IFN response
Authors: F. Puig-Basagoiti, S. Ampurdanés, M. Giménez-Barcons, A. Sánchez-Fueyo, J. Rodés, J.C. Sáiz, J.M. Sánchez-Tapias
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Problems in Hospital Law
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

There is a need for a compact, readable, informative sourcebook on medicolegal affairs. Such a book should be well indexed, permitting ready access to pertinent black-letter law and case references for those who want to delve beneath the surface. No such book exists at present, but the volume at hand by Robert Miller comes about as close as anyone has gotten so far. Miller is a lawyer in Florida and has worked with hospitals, physicians, and health insurers for a number of years. His book would form a good basic text for a course in health care law in graduate health profession courses or even in medical school. I was surprised and pleased that he could cover a wide range of subjects in so few pages. The chapter on financing and taxation, for example, is 31 pages (of which seven are notes and case references) and includes succinct summaries of
Effect of Composition of Mixed Meals—Low-Versus High-Carbohydrate Content—on Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin Release in Healthy Humans and in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Mark Gutniak, V Grill, S Efendlć
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Effects of a low-carbohydrate high-fat meal (LCM) versus a high-carbohydrate low-fat meal (HCM) on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release in nonobese healthy volunteers and in subjects with mild non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were compared. The meals were isocaloric. In the LCM, 26% of energy was supplied by carbohydrate, 51% by fat, and 23% by protein, whereas corresponding figures for HCM were 62, 22, and 16%. Hormonal responses were expressed as incremental areas over baseline. In healthy volunteers the HCM had a significantly greater effect on the insulin response than did the LCM. In contrast, in the diabetic group the insulin response to HCM was markedly impaired and was of the same magnitude as that to LCM. Glucagon release was significantly augmented after LCM in the nondiabetic as well as in the diabetic group, despite a pronounced and concomitant hyperglycemia in the latter. Moreover, HCM tended to stimulate glucagon release but only in the diabetic subjects. LCM and HCM induced a significant and sustained elevation of somatostatin levels in both groups; these responses were not significantly influenced by glucose tolerance or composition of meal. In conclusion, the present study suggests that at least two islet dysfunctions—decreased insulin response and enhanced glucagon release—characterize mild NIDDM. With a high-carbohydrate meal, a severe impairment of insulin secretion and a slight pardoxical glucagon release are observed. With a low-carbohydrate fat-rich meal, (β-cell responsiveness seems to be intact, but α-cellsecretion is enhanced.
Restoration of Function in Industrial Low Back Injury
Authors: Christopher K. Lynn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although I would like to believe the findings of the recent article by Mayer et al<sup>1</sup>concerning functional restoration of patients with low back injury, this submission has significant flaws in methodology. The most important flaw is the assignment of patients to treatment and nontreatment groups on the basis of whether their insurance plan would reimburse the costs of the three-week rehabilitation program, ranging from $5000 to $9000. Although we are assured that the two groups are comparable, the data presented in tabular form neglect several important variables. Were the two groups comparable in regard to specific jobs being performed, previous frequency of visits to health care professionals, or prior training that might enable them to seek employment in a more sedentary industry? Since the nontreatment group was not objectively evaluated in terms of degree of disability, were the two groups comparable on this basis? Patients
Safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide cryotherapy for treatment of neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Marcia Canto, Eun Shin, Mouen Khashab, Daniela Molena, Patrick Okolo, Elizabeth Montgomery, Pankaj Pasricha
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Endoscopic cryotherapy has been used successfully for the ablation of Barrett’s esophagus but outcome data are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) cryotherapy as primary or rescue treatment for Barrett’s esophagus with high grade dysplasia (HGD) or neoplasia. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized study carried out in an academic, tertiary care center and affiliated community hospital. A total of 78 patients with neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus who had not undergone previous ablation (treatment-naïve group) or who had persistent or recurrent neoplasia despite previous treatment (rescue treatment group) were enrolled. Visible Barrett’s lesions, when present, were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection, which was followed by CO<sub>2</sub> cryotherapy until neoplasia had been eradicated, or intervening therapy was necessary, or treatment was considered to have failed. Surveillance biopsies were obtained at standard intervals. Rates of complete response for cancer, HGD, and intestinal metaplasia were calculated. Treatment failure, recurrence, adverse events, progression, and mortality were also recorded. <b>Results:</b> Between 2006 and 2013, 64 evaluable patients (20 treatment naïve, 44 rescue treatment) were treated and followed up (median time 4.2 years). At 1 year, the overall complete response rates were 77 % for cancer (10/13), 89 % for dysplasia 57/64), 94 % for HGD (60/64; 100 % for treatment naïve, 91 % for rescue treatment), and 55 % for intestinal metaplasia (35/64). Long-term complete response for neoplasia with rescue therapy was 87 % (56/64). Disease-specific mortality was 1/68 (2 %). Treatment failed to eradicate neoplasia in four patients (6 %) (all in the rescue group). Recurrent or new intestinal metaplasia was detected in 20/64 (31 %) after two negative follow-up procedures. Serious adverse events were noted in two patients (3 %). Post-cryotherapy pain occurred in four patients (6 %; only two needed analgesics). No bleeding or new strictures were noted. Buried Barrett’s was detected in 5/68 patients (7 %). <b>Conclusions: </b>CO<sub>2</sub> cryotherapy was a safe and effective primary curative or rescue therapy for Barrett’s neoplasia.
Self-assembly cationic nanoparticles based on cholesterol-grafted bioreducible poly(amidoamine) for siRNA delivery
Authors: Cheng-Jun Chen, Jian-Cheng Wang, En-Yu Zhao, Ling-Yan Gao, Qiang Feng, Xiao-Yan Liu, Zhi-Xia Zhao, Xiao-Fei Ma, Wen-Jie Hou, Liang-Ren Zhang, Wan-Liang Lu, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Crown of thorns
Authors: Mary E Black
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The crown of thorns starfish ( Acanthaster planci ), a voracious predator of coral, is present normally in small numbers on reefs. Extensive and devastating epidemics can occur on coral reefs when the population of these sinister, grey spiny creatures episodically explodes; they munch through every bit of coral in sight, secreting chemicals as they do so that attract more starfish. The result is total battlefield devastation. There are two types of trigger: pesticides and overfishing kill off the tritons, sea snails, and reef fish that prey on these starfish; and agricultural run-off and warming of the …
Postneonatal mortality in England, Wales and Sweden.
Authors: R. R. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

containing metronidazole.'This indicates that metronidazole resistance on its own is of limited value in evaluating the outcome of treatment.Compliance was measured by counting the number of tablets remaining at the time of the follow up endoscopy.The definition of "eradication" of H pylorz varies from paper to paper.We followed the Sydney