tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertension*†
Authors: J. M. BLACKFORD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 July 1932HypertensionA Study of Two Hundred Two Cases Followed for an Average of Ten Years—With Remarks on Causes and Treatment.J. M. BLACKFORD, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. N. WILKINSON, M.D.J. M. BLACKFORD, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. N. WILKINSON, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-1-54 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHypertension has been the subject of hundreds of articles and a considerable number of books during the last twenty years. Cardiovascular consultants and insurance companies have furnished most that is written on end results.Actuarial experience gives an extremely gloomy picture of the outlook for hypertension. Insurance records are based, however, on approximately 90 per cent males and exclude, for manifest reasons, all hypertension cases discovered at the time of examination. Cardiovascular consultants see chiefly cases who are sick with circulatory disturbances and hence see a more or less selected group of patients. We have been able to find no... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Seattle, Washington*From the Mason Clinic, Seattle, Washington.†Presented at the San Francisco Meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 6, 1932. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByImpaired Neurogenic Cerebrovascular Control and Dysautoregulation After StrokeEssential HypertensionIncidence of Various Types of Cardiovascular Diseases by age Group in the Male and in the Female†The racial incidence of heart disease at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. Part II. Hypertension and valvular disease of the heartDie Sympathektomie beim Hochdruck und ihre ErgebnisseCauses of death in hypertensionExcessive Hypertension of Long DurationHypertensive vascular diseaseThe Role of Testicular Secretions as Indicated by the Effects of Castration in Man and by Studies of Pathological Conditions and the Short Lifespan Associated with MalenessErbbiologie und Erbpathologie des Kreislaufapparates 1 July 1932Volume 6, Issue 1Page: 54-59KeywordsHypertension Issue Published: 1 July 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Police question medical MP over "euthanasia"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Police are to hold a murder inquiry into the case of a doctor MP who mentioned during a parliamentary debate that he had withdrawn treatment from a 2 year old boy with leukaemia at the parents' request to save him any more distress.

Peter Brand, Liberal Democrat MP for the Isle of Wight and a GP, said that if the Medical Treatment (Prevention of Euthanasia) Bill had been law when he qualified as a doctor in 1971, he would by now be a “multimurderer”. He made his comments during the second reading debate on the …
PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS LOOK AT OLD AGE: LEVEL OF ADJUSTMENT AND ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING
Authors: HERMAN FEIFEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1. It is quite obvious, from the favorable positions accorded childhood, adolescence, and the early years of maturity as contrasted with the negative perspective held toward the later years of life, that both groups of patients generally view old age with a gloomy eye. 2. The degree of mental disturbance in the patients has little seeming effect on their over-all saturnine attitude toward old age. 3. In both the closed ward and open ward patients, there appears to be little association between the age of the patients and their outlook on aging. This agrees with the reported findings in the literature for "normal" groups. It is notable that both groups of patients, with mean ages in the 30's, regard this age period to be most favorable for the aspects of "living a full life," " meaningfulness of life," "job satisfaction," "activity in family affairs," and "clubs and organizations"; also, that many of them felt that for those in this age period the most favorable years for aspects like "happiness," "freedom from worry," "health," "ability to learn," "friends," and "ambition" have already passed by. 4. The negative orientation of the patients to the older years of life is also consonant with the attitudes reported in the literature for various "normal" segments of the population. The conspicuous feature of this finding is that so little difference can be attributed to mental illness per se, of either moderate or severe degree. It seems that attitudes toward old age, at least on the level tapped by the questionnaire method used in this study, are heavily determined by a widespread social attitude or ideology, rather than by idiosyncratic experiences. It is often said that our culture highly values youth and sees little to admire or look forward to in old age. The findings of this study give substance to these impressionistic statements by sociologists. They emphasize the extraordinary degree of uniformity in attitudes toward aging which is maintained, even in the most deviant members of the community, as far as their mental health is concerned. 5. There should be little doubt concerning the need for an educational program to train people for adjustment to old age. It could have the broad aim of anticipating and preventing the anxieties and maladjustments attendant on growing old. We possess mounting evidence that age changes are not uniform and that distinct individual differences exist; not only are there well-established inter-individual variations, but intra-individual ones as well. In addition, data increasingly suggest that the manner in which the culture treats and reacts to aging, as well as the person's own concept of what it means to grow old, may be responsible for more psychological difficulties than the aging process per se. An honest reevaluation of our thinking concerning old age is called for.
Aerodynamic properties of the major dog allergen Can f 1: distribution in homes, concentration, and particle size of allergen in the air.
Authors: A Custovic, R Green, A Fletcher, A Smith, C A Pickering, M D Chapman, A Woodcock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Exposure and sensitization to dog allergen is a significant cause of asthma. In this study we investigated the distribution, aerodynamic characteristics, and particle-size distribution of the major dog allergen Can f 1. Dust samples were collected in 50 homes with a dog and 50 homes without dogs. Airborne Can f 1 concentration was measured in 28 homes with dogs and 36 homes without a dog. Particle-size distribution was determined by using 10 separate Andersen sampler measurements in a dog-handling facility, and in 10 homes with dogs, and by repeated measurements in a home with one dog. High levels of Can f 1 (> 10 microg/g) were found in dust in all but one home with a dog and in eight of 50 homes without dogs. Airborne Can f 1 levels varied greatly between the homes with dogs (range: 0.3 to 99 ng/m3). Low levels of airborne Can f 1 (range: 0.4 to 1.1 ng/m3) were detected in 11 of 36 homes without a dog. Can f 1 was predominantly associated with large particles collected on the first stage of the Andersen sampler (> 9 microm), which averaged 42 to 49% of the total allergen recovered in the dog-handling facility and in homes with dogs. Small particles (< 5 microm diameter) also carried Can f 1, and these particles comprised approximately 20% of the total airborne allergen load. There was an excellent concordance between the results obtained in different sampling areas, and between the total Can f 1 recovered on the Andersen sampler and on the parallel filter. In conclusion, airborne Can f 1 was detectable in undisturbed conditions in all homes with dogs and in almost one third of the homes without dogs. In houses with dogs, a significant proportion (approximately 20%) of airborne Can f 1 was associated with small particles (< 5 microm diameter). Owing to their aerodynamic characteristics, these particles would be expected to remain airborne for a long period and, when inhaled, could penetrate into the lower airways and initiate asthma attacks.
Suicide and Dangerous Sports: Parachuting
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Suicide can often be carried out in a manner that facilitates disguise of the suicidal intent. The possibility of suicidal intent in some motor vehicle accidents has been noted,<sup>1</sup>and some interesting data have recently been published by Poynter concerning fatalities in parachute jumpers.<sup>2</sup>In 1969, 37 parachute jumpers were killed during or as a result of their jumps. Of these fatalities, many are due to malfunctioning equipment, errors in judgment, and inexperience. In other cases the possibility of suicidal motivation is clearer. Poynter thought that one death was clearly suicidal. Two other deaths occurred in men who had a history of drinking and who may have been intoxicated at the time of the jump. Of the 37 deaths, ten (including the three mentioned above) involved failure of the parachutist to pull either ripcord in order to activate the chutes. Given an estimate of 16,000
Abstract 2036: OncoPanel 3D: High-content characterization of 240 three-dimensional tumor spheroids for drug response profiling and biomarker discovery
Authors: Katie Snead, Jim Hnilo, Karen Bernards, Jonathan M. Crane, Brian Nelson, Alison R. Angione, Keith McKinley, Kate Waikins, O. Jameel Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract While drug response profiling of cancer cells in two-dimensional culture has been a mainstay of predictive biomarker discovery and anti-cancer drug development, there are aspects of tumor biology that are not replicated in a two-dimensional cell culture environment. This is particularly true for solid tumor models where the three-dimensional organization of the tumor creates distinct, regional microenvironments that influence drug response. For example, as the radius of solid tumors approaches the diffusion limit of oxygen and other nutrients, the tumor core becomes hypoxic and accumulates metabolic waste products, resulting in cell death through mechanisms involving apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, without proper vascularization, the tumor interior also exhibits increased interstitial pressure, which limits drug penetration into the tumor. We have characterized the three-dimensional growth of 240 cancer cell lines from various tumor origins by high-content imaging. This characterization involves the growth of tumor spheroids over 14 days and an assessment of tumor hypoxia in each model. The genomic traits associated with spheroid formation are also defined through genomic analysis. Finally, we provide validation and drug response data for several standard-of-care cancer therapeutics in pre-formed, three-dimensional tumor spheroid models. Drug profiling of this three-dimensional cell line panel offers new insights into drug response and can be used to prioritize drugs with improved tumor penetration or those with otherwise improved activity in three-dimensional models. Citation Format: Katie Snead, Jim Hnilo, Karen Bernards, Jonathan M. Crane, Brian Nelson, Alison R. Angione, Keith McKinley, Kate Waikins, O. Jameel Shah. OncoPanel 3D: High-content characterization of 240 three-dimensional tumor spheroids for drug response profiling and biomarker discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2036. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2036
Maternal health target is unlikely to be met, MPs warn
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government has agreed in principle that the General Medical Council, the medical profession's regulator, will take over responsibility for postgraduate medical training in the United Kingdom.The move to assimilate the Postgraduate Medical and Training Board within the GMC-which will not go ahead before 2010-has been welcomed by Graeme Catto, the council's president.Sir Graeme said, "The merger will bring under one roof the regulation of all stages of medical education and will deliver real benefits for patients and the public, as well as for the medical profession."He added that the board, which was set up in autumn 2005, had made an important contribution to postgraduate medical education in the UK and promised to maintain the momentum it had generated.However, in a statement the Royal College of Surgeons of England expressed its disappointment at the slow timetable for implementing the change."We are pleased with the acceptance that PMETB [the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board] will become part of the GMC.However, it is disappointing that no opportunity can apparently be found to carry out this badly needed reform until 2010," it said.Altogether the government agreed (or agreed in principle) to 24 of 47 recommendations made by John Tooke in the report of his inquiry into the reform of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), which was published in January (BMJ 2008;336:61, 12 Jan).Other proposals were put on hold for "further consideration" or were dismissed as the responsibility of other organisations.Proposals that were agreed in principle are to be evaluated as part of the next stage review, being carried out by health minister Lord Darzi and due to be published in June.Alan Johnson, the health secretary, said that his department needed more time to consider one of the late additions to the list of recommendations, the proposal to set up a new independent body, provisionally called NHS Medical Education England, GMC will take responsibility for postgraduate medical training, as advised by Tooke report UK NEWS Deaths from cancer fall after 20 years of screening in England, p 527 WorlD NEWS European Commission looks into possible restrictive practices by drug companies, p 524 bmj.com london GPs express fear over Darzi's proposals for the capital
Thrombosis and Bleeding Disorders: Theory and Methods
Authors: Robert T. Breckenridge
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This ambitious monograph, by a distinguished panel of authors, attempts to present the most current concepts of the rather rapidly changing field of hemostasis. Unfortunately, like most of its predecessors, this book was somewhat out-dated as it went to press and therefore falls short of some of its goals. The first chapter is a comprehensive although personal review of the physiology and biochemistry of coagulation. Subsequent chapters describe the establishment of a coagulation laboratory, and the techniques useful in the study of hemostasis. The final section of this book takes up techniques for the purification of clotting factors, for the study of fibrinolysis, platelet abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This part is the main strength of this book, but it is too brief. It would appear to this reader, at least, that an investigator would be well served to refer to the original articles prior to undertaking some of the
NICE guidelines create ethical dilemmas in care of elderly people, says report
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A report that looks at problems affecting elderly people around the world has warned that the United Kingdom's policy of prescribing drugs on the grounds of cost effectiveness is damaging the human rights of older people.

The report, by the International Longevity Centre, warns that the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has created “new ethical dilemmas about allocation of scarce resources” for older people.

It says, “Prescribing drugs according to cost effectiveness may be the opposite of the rights based approach: decisions can condemn patients to deteriorate before the drug will be prescribed, as is the case with Aricept [donepezil] for …
Heparanase Cooperates with <i>Ras</i> to Drive Breast and Skin Tumorigenesis
Authors: Ilanit Boyango, Uri Barash, Inna Naroditsky, Jin-Ping Li, Edward Hammond, Neta Ilan, Israel Vlodavsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Heparanase has been implicated in cancer but its contribution to the early stages of cancer development is uncertain. In this study, we utilized nontransformed human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and two genetic mouse models [Hpa-transgenic (Hpa-Tg) and knockout mice] to explore heparanase function at early stages of tumor development. Heparanase overexpression resulted in significantly enlarged asymmetrical acinar structures, indicating increased cell proliferation and decreased organization. This phenotype was enhanced by coexpression of heparanase variants with a mutant H-Ras gene, which was sufficient to enable growth of invasive carcinoma in vivo. These observations were extended in vivo by comparing the response of Hpa-Tg mice to a classical two-stage 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) protocol for skin carcinogenesis. Hpa-Tg mice overexpressing heparanase were far more sensitive than control mice to DMBA/TPA treatment, exhibiting a 10-fold increase in the number and size of tumor lesions. Conversely, DMBA/TPA-induced tumor formation was greatly attenuated in Hpa-KO mice lacking heparanase, pointing to a critical role of heparanase in skin tumorigenesis. In support of these observations, the heparanase inhibitor PG545 potently suppressed tumor progression in this model system. Taken together, our findings establish that heparanase exerts protumorigenic properties at early stages of tumor initiation, cooperating with Ras to dramatically promote malignant development.
Two-Dimensional echocardiographic determination of left atrial emptying volume: A noninvasive index in quantifying the degree of nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Jian-Fang Ren, Morris N. Kotler, Nicholas L. Depace, Gary S. Mintz, Demetrios Kimbiris, Peter Kalman, John Ross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
Reversal of Abnormal Coronary Vasomotion by Calcium Antagonists in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Philipp A. Kaufmann, Jürgen Frielingsdorf, Lazar Mandinov, Christian Seiler, Rosy Hug, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —It has been shown that exercise-induced coronary vasodilation of angiographically normal coronary vessels is reduced in hypercholesterolemic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium channel blockers on coronary vasomotion of angiographically smooth coronary arteries in hypercholesterolemic patients. Methods and Results —A total of 57 patients were included in the present analysis. Vasomotion of angiographically normal coronary arteries was evaluated in 37 control subjects (group 1) without and 20 patients (group 2) with calcium blocker administration before physical exercise. Both groups were subdivided into subgroup A (normal cholesterol values: ≤5.5 mmol/L or 212 mg%) and subgroup B (elevated cholesterol values: &gt;5.5 mmol/L or 212 mg%). Coronary luminal area at rest and during exercise was assessed by biplane quantitative coronary angiography. The normal vessels showed a significant increase in coronary luminal area during exercise in subgroup A (n=13) with normal cholesterol values (31%; P &lt;.05) but not in subgroup B (n=24; 13%; P =NS). In contrast, all patients in group 2 showed similar vasodilation during exercise, namely, 22% ( P &lt;.05) in subgroups A (n=8) and B (n=12) ( P &lt;.05). Independent of the actual cholesterol level, the stenotic lesions showed coronary vasoconstriction during exercise in group 1 but vasodilation in group 2 after pretreatment with calcium antagonists. Conclusions —Coronary vasomotor response to exercise is inversely related to actual serum cholesterol level in angiographically normal vessels. Administration of calcium antagonists normalizes exercise-induced vasodilation and thus eliminates cholesterol-induced abnormal vasomotion, probably by a direct effect on the smooth muscles of the vasculature.
Recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with plectin mutations: infantile respiratory complications in two unrelated cases
Authors: J.E. MELLERIO, F.J.D. SMITH, J.R. McMILLAN, W.H.I. McLEAN, J.A. McGRATH, G.A.J. MORRISON, P. TIERNEY, D.M. ALBERT, G. WICHE, I.M. LEIGH, J.F. GEDDES, E.B. LANE, J. UITTO, R.A.J. EADY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Plectin is a 500 kDa protein involved in cytoskeleton-plasma membrane attachment with a wide tissue distribution including cutaneous and airway epithelia, muscle and neuronal tissue. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding plectin (PLEC1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of an autosomal recessive variant of epidermolysis bullosa simplex in which cutaneous blistering starting in the neonatal period is associated with muscular dystrophy in later life. In this study, we report two unrelated patients, both of consanguineous parentage, who presented with cutaneous blistering and a hoarse cry from birth. Both experienced inspiratory stridor and respiratory distress, necessitating emergency tracheostomy in one case. Immunoreactivity to monoclonal antibodies against plectin was absent or markedly reduced in skin biopsies from both patients. Electron microscopy revealed a low intraepidermal plane of cleavage and hypoplastic hemidesmosomes with a reduced association with keratin intermediate filaments. Direct sequencing of PLEC1 in each case demonstrated two novel homozygous frameshift deletion mutations, 5069del19 and 5905del2, which both create downstream premature termination codons. Although currently neither patient has symptoms of muscle disease, the identification of mutations in PLEC1 may be predictive for the future development of muscular dystrophy. Recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex resulting from abnormalities in plectin should be considered in the differential diagnosis blistering, hoarseness and stridor in infancy.
Infectious Waste — Mismatch between Science and Policy
Authors: W A Rutala, D J Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Disposal of medical waste has emerged as a major problem in the United States. The problem was brought to public attention by recent episodes of medical waste washing ashore in some coastal states and the perceived threat of contracting the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from it. This has led to restrictive rules governing the disposal of medical waste in most states and to more waste being defined as infectious. Coincidentally with the broadening of the definition of infectious waste, the options for the treatment and disposal of medical waste are diminishing because of lack of space and environmental concerns. In this . . .