tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gallium-67 Localization in Lysosomal-like Granules of Leukemic and Nonleukemic Murine Tissues<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>
Authors: D. C. Swartzendruber, B. Nelson, R. L. Hayes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

We used light and electron microscopic autoradiography to determine the localization of “carrier-free” gallium-67 (67Ga) in rat and mouse tissues after its parenteral administration as the citrate. Internal conversion electrons of low energy and Auger electrons produced in 67Ga decay permit high resolution autoradiography. More than 70% of the 67Ga activity detected in cells of AKR mouse tissues was localized in the cytoplasm. In liver, Kupffer cells and parenchymal cells both contained 67Ga. Phagocytic cells of thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were the most heavily labeled cells in these tissues of both leukemic and nonleukemic AKR mice. Thymic epithelial reticular cells also contained 67Ga. A striking concentration of 67Ga was observed in the epithelium of renal convoluted tubules. Electron microscopic autoradiography disclosed that in all these cell types 67Ga was notably associated with heterogeneous electron-dense cytoplasmic granules bounded by single membranes. Grain counts made from representative electron microscopic autoradiographs showed about 60% of the 67Ga radioactivity was associated with these cytoplasmic bodies that are morphologically identified as lysosomes or related particles. This autoradiographic study suggests that the intracellular sites localizing 67Ga are lysosomes or places of lysosomal enzymatic activity.
Dear Doctor: We Really Are Not Sure What Dose of Capecitabine You Should Prescribe for Your Patient
Authors: Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1434 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11896086 Dear Doctor: We Really Are Not Sure What Dose of Capecitabine You Should Prescribe for Your Patient Mark J. RatainxMark J. RatainSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Chicago, Chicago, IL https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1434 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Dear Doctor: We Really Are Not Sure What Dose of Capecitabine You Should Prescribe for Your Patient." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(6), pp. 1434–1435© 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Origin and Distribution of Virus-Like Particles Associated With Mammary Tumors in DBA Strain Mice. III. Virus-Like Particles in the Transplanted Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dorothy Gelber Feldman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Journal Article Origin and Distribution of Virus-Like Particles Associated With Mammary Tumors in DBA Strain Mice. III. Virus-Like Particles in the Transplanted Tumors Get access Dorothy Gelber Feldman Dorothy Gelber Feldman Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 30, Issue 3, March 1963, Pages 517–531, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/30.3.517 Published: 01 March 1963 Article history Received: 01 August 1962 Published: 01 March 1963
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and wheezing at adolescence: The Pelotas 1993 birth cohort, Brazil
Authors: Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Ana M.B. Menezes, Bruno P. Nunes, Christian Loret de Mola, Natália G. Cofré, Paula L. Marco, Paula D. Oliveira, Helen Gonçalves, Maria C. Assunção, Ricardo B. Noal, Pedro C. Hallal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: maternal smoking during pregnancy may impair lung development, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases such as asthma later in life. Aim: to evaluate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and wheezing in adolescence (at 11 and 15 years old). Methods: the original cohort comprised 5,249 hospital new born children during the calendar year of 1993 in Pelotas, Brazil. In 2004-5 and 2008-9, all cohort members were sought for follow-up visits. Wheezing was defined as the presence of wheezing in the past 12 months. Number of asthma crises in the same period was collected. Persistent wheezing was present when the subjects related wheezing in the last year at both follow-ups. Smoking during pregnancy was collected at delivery and then analyzed in three categories (never smoker, <20 cigarettes/day and 20+ cigarettes/day). Poisson regression models were performed adjusting for potential confounders and possible mediators. Results: no association of maternal smoking during pregnancy was found with wheezing as dichotomous variables neither at age 11 nor at age 15. However, we found a greater number of wheezing crises at age 15 among those adolescents from mothers who had smoked 20+ cigarettes/day (RR=1.97; CI95% 1.06 – 3.68; p=0.023), even when adjusted for confounders and mediators. In persistent wheezing it was observed a dose-response association according to the number of smoked cigarettes/day by the mother during pregnancy (<20 cigarettes/day PR=1.36 and 20+ cigarettes/day PR=1.61). Conclusions: smoking during pregnancy was not associated with the occurrence of wheezing, but it seems to be important for the severity of wheezing at adolescence.
Trends in sex differences in mortality from heart disease
Authors: D A Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR-Lawlor et al have outlined geographical and historical variations in sex differences in mortality from coronary heart disease, noting that a higher intake of energy from fat was significantly associated with a higher male:female ratio for mortality from coronary heart disease.1They suggest that these findings cannot be explained by variation in oestrogen concentrations because oestrogen may not, as widely believed, protect against coronary heart disease and, in any case, oestrogen concentrations are not variable across populations or history.
Ghrelin ameliorates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury by protecting alveolar epithelial cells and suppressing lung inflammation
Authors: Shigehisa Yanagi, Yoshifumi Imazu, Kahori Miyoshi, Hironobu Tsubouchi, Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Masamitsu Nakazato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical illness syndrome consisting of acute respiratory failure with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that is refractory to current therapies. ALI is characterized by injury of the alveolar capillary barrier, neutrophil accumulation, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by devastating lung fibrosis. Ghrelin, an acylated peptide produced in the stomach, increases food intake and growth hormone secretion, suppresses inflammation, and promotes cell survival. We investigated the pharmacological potential of ghrelin in the treatment of ALI by using a bleomycin-induced ALI model in mice. Ghrelin or saline was given to mice daily starting 1 day after bleomycin administration. Ghrelin-treated mice showed a definitively higher survival rate than saline- treated ones. They also had smaller reductions in body weight and food intake. The amelioration of neutrophil alveolar infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and subsequent lung fibrosis were notable in ghrelin-treated mice. Additionally, ghrelin administration reduced the injury-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Our results indicate that ghrelin administration exerts a protective effect against ALI by protecting the alveolar epithelial cells and regulating lung inflammation, and highlight ghrelin as a promising therapeutic agent for the management of this intractable disease.
Preliminary analysis of the behavior of stage I ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Authors: D R Barnhill, R J Kurman, M F Brady, G A Omura, E Yordan, F T Given, P R Kucera, L D Roman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE From December 1983 through February 1992, a prospective study designed to determine the clinical course of patients with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP) was conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG). MATERIALS AND METHODS This protocol was developed to evaluate the following (1) the biologic behavior of ovarian LMP tumors, (2) the effectiveness of melphalan chemotherapy in patients with clinically detectable residual disease after surgical staging and in patients whose tumors progress or recur after surgical therapy, and (3) the response rate to cisplatin in those who failed to respond to melphalan therapy. The study group consisted of 146 assessable patients with stage I serous LMP tumors. All of these women had the affected ovary (or ovaries) removed, and a complete staging operation was performed in each case. While 123 patients had a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), 21 retained the uterus and one normal-appearing ovary and fallopian tube. No adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy was administered to any patients in the stage I study group. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 42.4 months (range, 1.6 to 108). Thus far, no patient with a stage I ovarian serous LMP tumor has developed recurrent disease. CONCLUSION Stage I ovarian serous LMP tumors rarely, if ever, recur. Limited resection, after meticulous surgical exploration, is adequate therapy for women of reproductive age.
Predicting pulmonary embolus in primary care
Authors: Robert J Dachs
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Decision rules supplement but don’t supplant clinical judgment

It is 4 30 pm, and your last patient of the day is a 42 year old woman in excellent health who awoke with pain located in the right infrascapular region that worsens with deep inspiration. She reports no dyspnea, cough, fever, or recent prolonged immobilization. Her vital signs and physical examination are normal. Your initial impression is that some type of musculoskeletal condition is causing her pain. Then you begin to wonder. Could this be a pulmonary embolus? Your gut says “no,” but your brain continues to dwell on this possibility. You contemplate your dilemma and consider two competing options: stick with your impression and treat the patient for presumed muscle pain or send her for an advanced imaging study to rule out a pulmonary embolus.

In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.h4438), Hendrickson and colleagues attempt to provide a third option for the physician in a primary care office setting.1 Their goal was to find a strategy using clinical decision rules that have been derived and validated in emergency department settings and that could be transported to the primary care setting and allow the safe discharge of a low risk …
Late-onset inversa recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by glycine substitutions in collagen type VII
Authors: M. Leverkus, A. Ambach, M. Hoefeld-Fegeler, J. Kohlhase, E. Schmidt, H. Schumann, C. Has, H. Gollnick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare hereditary skin disorder caused by mutations in COL7A1, encoding collagen type VII.1 Clinical manifestations of COL7A1 mutations range from generalized skin blistering to mild localized blistering or nail dystrophy.2 The investigation of the molecular basis of DEB has revealed more than 540 different mutations that cannot entirely explain phenotypic variations (HGMD Professional 2010.3, https://portal.biobase-international. com/hgmd/). Inversa recessive DEB (RDEB-I) is a subtype characterized by generalized blistering in the neonatal period. The condition improves with age, and in adults blistering is restricted to intertriginous areas, and severe lesions of the oral and genital mucosa and nail changes occur in the majority of described patients.2 Recent data suggested that amino-acid substitutions affecting arginines or glycines at borders of collagenic subdomains might cause this phenotype.3 We report a German patient with an unusually mild RDEB-I harbouring compound heterozygous mutations in COL7A1.
Has the use of spirometry improved in India? Results of nationwide studies conducted among chest and primary care physicians between 2005 and 2013
Authors: Nitin Vanjare, Sushmeeta Chhowala, Rahul Kodgule, Sapna Madas, Jaideep Gogtay, Sundeep Salvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : In a nationwide study conducted in 2005, we reported that spirometry was poorly used by physicians in India (Salvi, Chest 2005). Since then several initiatives have been taken to help improve use of spirometry in India. Aim : We aimed to study whether use of spirometry has improved in India over the past 7 years. Methods : We used the same study methodology as in 2005, viz: we randomly selected 4100 doctors [chest physicians (CPs), general physicians (GenPs), general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (Ps)] spread across the country and invited them to complete a 1-page questionnaire that captured details about the use of spirometry in their clinic. Results : In 2005, 1714 physicians responded (458 CPs, 717 GenPs, 256 GPs and 209 Ps), while in 2013, 2197 physicians responded (494 CPs, 744 GenPs, 485 GPs and 426 Ps). The differences in the proportion of physicians who used spirometry between 2005 and 2013 are reported in Figure 1.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusions : Use of spirometry has improved significantly among chest physicians, general physicians and paediatricians in India, with little change among general practitioners.

 [1]: pending:yes
Abstract 2787: Underutilization Outnumbers Overutilization of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Consecutive Referral Analysis In Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Bruce T Kuo, Eric M Dandes, Tudor Scridon, Rotem Amir, Jason Nolan, Michael Drew, Craig R Asher, Gian M Novaro, Howard S Bush, Michael Y Shen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

BACKGROUND: Increasing use of SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) has led to the perception of MPI as an overutilized procedure in the US. However, this impression is primarily based on higher...
Feasibility of measurements of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in a large population based study (ADONIX)
Authors: Kristina Wass, Lars Modig, Kjell Toren, Anna-Carin Olin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

FENO is used in epidemiological studies as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation. Some patients do not manage to fulfill the measurement criteria. The objective was to examine if there are any differences between subjects that do and do not manage to perform a correct FENO measurement, mainly relating to respiratory disease and differences in lung function.

The Adonix-cohort comprises a general population sample of 6,296 subjects (52% women), aged 25 to 75 years. They have all been examined with FENO (NIOX, Aerocrine™), lung function, questionnaires and blood samples. To fulfill the measurement criteria for FENO the subjects had to exhale at a 50 mL/s ±10% (mean level 45-55 mL/s and allowed instant flow 40-50 mL/s) during the last 3 seconds of the exhalation, in accordance to international guidelines.

217 subjects (3.4%, 67% women) were unable to perform a correct test. These subjects were characterized by significantly lower lung function; FVC 3.6 vs 4.2 L (p<0.001) and FEV1 2.8 vs 3.3 L (p<0.001), but also lower predicted lung function; FVCpred 105.3 vs 109.9 % and FEV1pred 98.3 vs 103.4 %. In addition, we found a statistically significant over representation of subjects with asthma (13.1 vs 8.8 %) in the group that did not manage to perform the test.

In conclusion, the overall success-rate of FENO measurement was high. Subjects that failed the test were more likely to have lower lung function and more likely to have asthma than subjects that fulfilled the measurement criteria.
Rapid hematopoietic recovery after multicycle high-dose chemotherapy: enhancement of filgrastim-induced progenitor-cell mobilization by recombinant human stem-cell factor.
Authors: R L Basser, L B To, C G Begley, D Maher, C Juttner, J Cebon, R Mansfield, I Olver, G Duggan, J Szer, J Collins, B Schwartz, J Marty, D Menchaca, W P Sheridan, R M Fox, M D Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To assess the mobilization potential and safety of recombinant human stem-cell factor (SCF) when coadministered with filgrastim to untreated women with poor-prognosis breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible women had breast cancer with 10 or more positive axillary nodes, or estrogen receptor-negative tumor with 4 positive nodes, or stage III disease. Patients were randomized to receive SCF plus filgrastim or filgrastim alone. Filgrastim 12 microg/kg daily was administered for 6 days by continuous subcutaneous infusion. SCF was administered by daily subcutaneous injection at 5, 10, or 15 microg/kg concurrent with filgrastim for 7 days, or 10 microg/kg daily starting 3 days before filgrastim for a total of 10 days (SCF pretreatment). Apheresis was performed on days 5, 6, and 7 of filgrastim administration. Patients then had three cycles of epirubicin 200 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 4 g/m2 every 28 days, each supported by one third of the apheresis product. RESULTS Sixty-two women were treated. Greater yields occurred in patients who received SCF 10 microg/kg daily plus filgastim than those who received filgrastim alone (P=.013 for CD34+ cells; P=.07 for granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells [GM-CFCs]). The difference was more marked with SCF-pretreatment than concurrent SCF. Fewer aphereses were required to reach the predetermined target of peripheral-blood progenitor/stem cells (PBPCs) in women who received SCF. SCF was generally well tolerated. Hematologic recovery was rapid after each of the three cycles of chemotherapy. There was no difference in recovery between the different treatment groups. CONCLUSION Mobilization of PBPCs by filgrastim is significantly enhanced by coadministration of SCF, and commencing SCF before filgrastim can optimize this effect. SCF has the potential to reduce the number of aphereses required to collect a target number of PBPCs.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the oral platinum analogue JM216 given daily for 14 days
Authors: C. Sessa, C. Minoia, A. Ronchi, M. Zucchetti, J. Bauer, M. Borner, J. de Jong, O. Pagani, J. Renard, C. Weil, M. D’lncalci
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in COPD compared to a healthy control-group
Authors: Esther Steveling, Caroline Zaehringer, Selina Dürr, Claudia Gerhards, Sabrina Maier, Christoph Stippich, Antje Welge-Lüssen, David Miedinger, Jörg Leuppi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Pathologic correlates of the upper airways have been rarely evaluated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims: Assessment of objective and subjective impairment of the upper airways in COPD compared to a healthy control-group.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses was performed in a group of patients with COPD and in a healthy matched control-group according to gender and age. CTs were evaluated using the Newman scoring system (>0 points considered abnormal). Rhinosinusitis related quality of life and symptoms were assessed with the Sino Nasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) (>12 points considered abnormal) and the SNOT-primary nasal symptoms score (SNOT-PNS) (>12 points considered abnormal). Spirometry was performed according to established guidelines. In controls COPD was excluded with spirometry.

Results: We included 83 COPD patients (35 women) and 28 controls (18 women) with a mean age of 67 years (range: 44-90) and 68 years (range 49-84) respectively. Significantly more abnormal CT scores (49 subjects (59%)) were observed in the COPD group in comparison to the control-group (9 subjects (32%)) (p<0.05). 51 (61%) and 57 (68%) subjects with COPD scored abnormal SNOT-20 and SNOT-PNS respectively. In the control-group in 13 subjects (46%) an abnormal SNOT-20 and in 9 subjects (32%) an abnormal SNOT-PNS was measured. This accounted to a significant difference between the COPD and the control-group for both SNOT-20 and SNOT-PNS of p<0.05.

Conclusion: Pathologic correlates of the upper airways were found in more than half of the patients with COPD. This was significantly higher compared to a healthy control-group.
Adipose Tissue: An HIV Reservoir With Inflammatory Potential
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Late-breaking abstract: House dust mite triggering of Dectin-2 is critical for the initiation of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Deborah Clarke, Martyn Foster, Nicola Davis, Stephanie Heasman, Arthur Lewis, Ian Anderson, Matthew Sleemam, Richard May, Matthew Robinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  How the immune system senses aeroallergens and triggers an aberrant inflammation is poorly understood. Dectin-2 is a house dust mite (HDM)-sensing pattern recognition receptor, and its expression on dendritic cells is required for the Th2-skewed adaptive response to HDM.   Objective:  To define the role of Dectin-2 in HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation and its expression in biopsies from asthmatic patients.   Results:  In a 3 week mouse model of repeated intranasal HDM challenge, prophylactic antibody blockade of Dectin-2 potently attenuated the characteristic allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Anti-Dectin-2 did not reduce the inflammation once established, but did prevent neutrophil influx following a single HDM challenge. Together these data suggest a non-redundant role for Dectin-2 in the initiation of the HDM response.  To define the mechanism by which Dectin-2 triggers HDM-induced inflammation, we conducted ex vivo experiments using cultured alveolar macrophages. These indicated that Dectin-2 was necessary for the induction of cysteinyl leukotrienes, as reported for dendritic cells, but not chemokines or cytokines. Furthermore we demonstrated in our single challenge model that zileuton, an inhibitor of leukotriene production, produced a similar effect as Dectin-2 blockade.  Finally we found a marked increase in the number of Dectin-2 positive cells in bronchial biopsies from asthmatic subjects when compared to normal controls.   Conclusions:  Alveolar macrophage sensing of HDM by Dectin-2 elicits the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes, and this axis is key for the initiation of allergic airway inflammation. Dectin-2 is associated with asthma.