tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B vaccination ... and given booster injections.
Authors: J A Lunn
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> The objectives of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Stiffness special interest group (SIG) are to characterize stiffness as an outcome in rheumatic disease and to identify and validate a stiffness patient-reported outcome (PRO) in rheumatology. <h3>Methods.</h3> At OMERACT 2016, international groups presented and discussed results of several concurrent research projects on stiffness: a literature review of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stiffness PRO measures, a qualitative investigation into the RA and polymyalgia rheumatica patient perspective of stiffness, data-driven stiffness conceptual model development, development and testing of an RA stiffness PRO measure, and a quantitative work testing stiffness items in patients with RA and psoriatic arthritis. <h3>Results.</h3> The literature review identified 52 individual stiffness PRO measures assessing morning or early morning stiffness severity/intensity or duration. Items were heterogeneous, had little or inconsistent psychometric property evidence, and did not appear to have been developed according to the PRO development guidelines. A poor match between current stiffness PRO and the conceptual model identifying the RA patient experience of stiffness was identified, highlighting a major flaw in PRO selection according to the OMERACT filter 2.0. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Discussions within the Stiffness SIG highlighted the importance of further research on stiffness and defined a research agenda.
THE LIMITATIONS IN THE USE OF ACONITE AND VERATRUM VIRIDE.
Authors: WARREN B. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Too much has been written on the possibilities or probabilities of the therapeutic value of drugs and not enough regarding the limitations of their use. It is only within a comparatively short time that physicians have relied on their knowledge of the pharmacodynamics, rather than on tradition based on empiricism, to guide them in their use of drugs. Like the rest of mankind, physicians are prone to follow the calf paths of tradition; and the works on therapeutics are full of references to the success of remedies used by individuals of repute, regardless of the known physiologic action of the drugs in question. A few years ago I was much impressed by a remark of our eminent therapeutist, Dr. John V. Shoemaker, when he said that he had written so much on the therapeutic value of drugs and had taken so much for granted on hearsay evidence that he felt
On your bikes.
Authors: N. Unwin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Sir,?To explore how to pursue the dual public health objectives of encouraging more cycling and promoting safer cycling1 I undertook a survey of university students in Manchester in December 1989. I randomly selected 266 students from the 2110 residents of two halls and sent questionnaires. The only important difference between the hall residents and the total student population was that 70% of the hall residents were first year under? graduates compared with 36% of all students. Completed questionnaires were returned by 208 students (78% response rate); 135 were cyclists, 56 of whom cycled in Manchester and 79 elsewhere. Seventy three said they never cycled. Those not cycling in Manchester (152) were asked to give reasons why not?up to three reasons per respon? dent. The commonest reason was that cycling in Manchester was  dangerous (104 respondents) and the second commonest that the chance of having a bike stolen was  high (93). Sixty one students indicated that cycling in Manchester would be too unpleasant (referring mainly to volume of traffic and fumes). When asked to choose the most important ways to improve cycle safety from a list of suggestions 199 selected provision of cycle paths, 147 educat? ing car and other drivers to drive more carefully with respect to cyclists, and 73 encouraging cyclists to wear helmets. One question asked: If cycle helmets were made compulsory by law would you be more or less likely to cycle? Seven students said they would be more likely to cycle, but 58 respondents (29%, 95% confidence interval 23% to 35%) said they would be less likely to do so. There was no significant difference between the cyclists and non-cyclists. My results are consistent with the view that the perceived danger of cycling is one of the major deterrents to cycling. The respondents identified separate cycle lanes and changing driving habits as the most important ways of improving cycle safety. Helmets were generally perceived as being effective (results not reported here), but making them compulsory, as has been suggested,2 would be another deterrent to cycling for around a quarter of students. Interestingly, the fear of having a bike stolen was also cited as an important deterrent. Public policy to encourage cycling should also aim at ensuring adequate provision of secure cycle parks, which are an important feature of some of the integrated public transport systems in Ger? many. NIGEL UNWIN
Temporal treatment with interferon-β prevents hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus X gene transgenic mice
Authors: Kazuhide Yamazaki, Kenta Suzuki, Shogo Ohkoshi, Masahiko Yano, So Kurita, Yo-hei Aoki, Ken Toba, Masa-aki Takamura, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Yasunobu Matsuda, Yutaka Aoyagi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Community obstetric care in West Berkshire.
Authors: P Street, M J Gannon, E M Holt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the effects of a revised obstetric booking policy whereby all low risk pregnant women received their antenatal care entirely in the community. DESIGN--Comparison of the distribution of antenatal clinic attendances, transfers, and perinatal mortality rates for 1987 and 1989, before and after introduction of the revised policy. SETTING--West Berkshire Health District. SUBJECTS--All women who delivered with a registrable birth in the district in 1987 (5817 women) and 1989 (5372). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Attendances at community and consultant antenatal clinics; bookings transferred from community care to consultant care; perinatal mortality rates. RESULTS--Of 5372 women delivering in West Berkshire in 1989, 3185 (58.3%) were originally booked for general practitioner-midwife care, of whom 1567 (49.2% of general practitioner-midwife bookings) were transferred to consultant care. 1618 women (30.1% of all women delivered) received their entire obstetric care from general practitioners and midwives. Attendance at hospital antenatal clinics was reduced by 16%. In 1989 the perinatal mortality rates (1987 values) for the district were 6.3 (7.6) per 1000 births overall; 8.2 (8.3) per 1000 consultant bookings; 5.0 (4.7) per 1000 for community bookings; and 10.2 (14.4) per 1000 for women transferred to consultant care. CONCLUSION--Antenatal care of low risk pregnant women may safely be provided by their general practitioner and midwife.
The Class I Antigen-processing Pathway for the Membrane Protein Tyrosinase Involves Translation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Processing in the Cytosol
Authors: Claudio A. Mosse, Leslie Meadows, Chance J. Luckey, David J. Kittlesen, Eric L. Huczko, Craig L. Slingluff, Jeffrey Shabanowitz, Donald F. Hunt, Victor H. Engelhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Formation of major histocompatibility complex class I–associated peptides from membrane proteins has not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the processing of an HLA-A*0201–associated epitope, YMDGTMSQV, that is derived from the membrane protein tyrosinase by posttranslational conversion of the sequence YMNGTMSQV. Only YMDGTMSQV and not YMNGTMSQV was presented by HLA-A*0201 on cells expressing full-length tyrosinase, although both peptides have similar affinities for HLA-A*0201 and are transported by TAP. In contrast, translation of YMNGTMSQV in the cytosol, as a minigene or a larger fragment of tyrosinase, led to the presentation of the unconverted YMNGTMSQV. This was not due to overexpression leading to saturation of the processing/conversion machinery, since presentation of the converted peptide, YMDGTMSQV, was low or undetectable. Thus, presentation of unconverted peptide was associated with translation in the cytosol, suggesting that processing of the full-length tyrosinase occurs after translation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nevertheless, presentation of YMDGTMSQV in cells expressing full-length tyrosinase was TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) and proteasome dependent. After inhibition of proteasome activity, tyrosinase species could be detected in the cytosol. We propose that processing of tyrosinase involves translation in the endoplasmic reticulum, export of full-length tyrosinase to the cytosol, and retransport of converted peptides by TAP for association with HLA-A*0201.
First report of multiple CEBPA mutations contributing to donor origin of leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Haowen Xiao, Jimin Shi, Yi Luo, Yamin Tan, Jingsong He, Wanzhuo Xie, Lifei Zhang, Yingjia Wang, Lizhen Liu, Kangni Wu, Xiaohong Yu, Zhen Cai, Maofang Lin, Xiujin Ye, He Huang
Journal: Blood (2011)
An Overdose of "Plaquenil"
Authors: J. D. P. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1960)

ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN MEBRJxsHthrough one of the expiratory holes.All gas samples were taken on inspiration and were analysed on a Haldane gas analyser. ResultsIn none of the samples analysed was the carbon- dioxide content greater than 1%.The results obtained for oxygen percentages in the ideal and the usual positions are given in Table I.The results obtained from the patients are shown in Table II.It will be remembered that room air contains 20% oxygen.
Intracardiac Phonocardiography
Authors: ALDO A. LUISADA, DONALD M. MACCANON, SHELDON J. SLODKI
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A new system for recording intracardiac and intravascular sound during routine catheterization is described. This system is based on the application of a flat, sonar-type, barium titanate microphone at the end of the catheter, so that the vibrations of the blood within the chambers of the heart and vessels are transmitted along the fluid in the catheter, and transduced by the microphone (fluid column transmitted phonocardiogram-FCT phonocardiogram). Comparative studies between the response of the FCT system and other systems for intracardiac phonocardiography are made in normal dogs and in dogs with experimental aortic lesions. It is demonstrated that the FCT system gives a good response for vibrations between 25 and 400 cycles per second. Representative phonocardiographic tracings in patients with congenital or acquired heart disease during routine cardiac catheterization are presented.
P190 Attitudes of health care professionals towards smoking cessation
Authors: S. Pearce, J. Maycock, C. McCauley, D. Nazareth, P. Stockton
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> NICE (UK) recommends that all healthcare professionals (HCPs) refer patients who would like to stop smoking to an NHS Stop Smoking Service (SSS).1 This study explores attitudes of HCPs and factors that may contribute to a low referral rate to SSS. <h3>Methods</h3> 164 HCPs (83 doctors, 72 nurses, 9 pharmacists) completed a structured questionnaire exploring reasons as to why they would not refer to smoking cessation services. <h3>Results</h3> Smoking cessation was considered to be an important health issue for 95% of respondents, however only 51% routinely asked smokers if they wanted to quit. 37% were not familiar with smoking cessation guidelines (local or national). 40% supported a formal referral system involving a GP and 55% would like more training. The main reasons for NOT referring to SSS are outlined below. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The vast majority of HCPs considered smoking cessation to be an important issue. However, a significant proportion of HCPs were unaware of local/national guidelines. This appears tobe a significant barrier to the referral of patients to SSS. Most HCPs would like further targeted training and information. Since this survey the Trust has modified the generic Trust Admission Proforma to prompt HCPs to consider referring to SSS. Teaching sessions have been introduced for HCPs to enable them to deliver accurate stop smoking information to smokers.
Abstract 1488: Metastatic analysis of clonal epithelial and mesenchymal-like murine mammary tumor cells.
Authors: Katie A. Palen, Bryon D. Johnson, Jill A. Gershan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor metastasis is the most common cause of cancer mortality, and yet it is among the most poorly understood processes in tumor progression. While carcinomas are composed primarily of epithelial cells, tumors contain a continuum of cells with epithelial and mesenchymal-like properties. This tumor cell heterogeneity is attributed to differentiation plasticity, which is characterized by epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) or mesenchymal to epithelial transitions (MET). It has been proposed that tumor cells undergo EMT in order to disseminate from the primary tumor and MET in order to seed at secondary sites. The invasive mesenchymal carcinoma cell phenotype is thought to be a state required for tumor dissemination, but to date, pathologists have not found conclusive evidence of mesenchymal cells in human metastatic tumor samples. An alternative theory suggests that both mesenchymal and epithelial cells are required for metastasis to occur. According to this theory, detachment from the primary tumor and invasion by mesenchymal cells facilitates the movement of epithelial tumor cells that are able to seed at distant sites. We hypothesize that the presence of mesenchymal-like mammary tumor cells facilitate the metastasis of epithelial tumor cells and that only epithelial cells are able to seed at distant sites. To test this hypothesis, we cloned epithelial and mesenchymal-like primary cell lines from spontaneous mammary tumors produced in FVB MMTV/Neu mice. Epithelial cells have been stably transfected to express firefly luciferase and GFP, and we are in the process of cloning mesenchymal-like cells expressing Renilla luciferase and mCherry. We have preliminary data that shows that when clonal epithelial cells are administered into the mammary fat pad of FVB MMTV/Neu mice, tumors grow, but do not form metastatic lesions. In contrast, when stably transfected clonal epithelial cells are administered with non-transfected clonal mesenchymal-like tumor cells, luciferase+ metastatic lesions in the spleen, liver and lung are detected biophotonically, and GFP + cells are detected in the spleen and liver. These data indicate that epithelial cells are present (but does not rule out the presence of mesenchymal cells) at the metastatic site. Whether epithelial cells undergo EMT, and how metastasis is facilitated by the presence of mesenchymal cells remains to be determined. Citation Format: Katie A. Palen, Bryon D. Johnson, Jill A. Gershan. Metastatic analysis of clonal epithelial and mesenchymal-like murine mammary tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1488
A high-fat diet and regulatory T cells influence susceptibility to endotoxin-induced liver injury
Authors: Xiong Ma, Jing Hua, Abdiaziz R. Mohamood, Abdel Rahmin A. Hamad, Rajani Ravi, Zhiping Li
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the pathogenesis of progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis has not been fully clarified. Many factors, including oxidative stress and hepatic immune regulation, contribute to the inflammation in steatosis. Because regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important components of immune regulation, we have now investigated their role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet to induce steatosis, and the hepatic lymphocyte population was analyzed by flow cytometry. HF-induced steatosis was associated with the depletion of hepatic Tregs and led to up-regulation of the inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α signaling pathway. When challenged by exogenous lipopolysaccharide, the HF-fed mice developed liver inflammation. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of Tregs decreased inflammation in HF-fed mice. In comparison with effector T cells, Tregs had a lower expression of Bcl-2 and, therefore, increased susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The treatment of mice with the antioxidant Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride reduced Treg apoptosis, increased the number of hepatic Tregs, and decreased hepatic inflammation in HF-fed mice. Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress in a fatty liver causes the apoptosis of Tregs, reduces the number of hepatic Tregs, and leads to a lowered suppression of inflammatory responses. This scenario is likely one of the pathogenetic mechanisms that facilitate the transformation of simple steatosis into steatohepatitis when a fatty liver is exposed to second or third hits.
Smoking in pregnancy: associations with skinfold thickness, maternal weight gain, and fetal size at birth.
Authors: S W D'Souza, P Black, B Richards
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Skinfold thickness is an index of subcutaneous fat, and certain maternal conditions during pregnancy affect the skinfold thicknesses of the baby. A study was performed to investigate the effect of smoking on skinfold thickness, maternal weight gain, and fetal size at birth. A total of 452 mothers with normal singleton pregnancies were groups as: non-smokers, light-to-moderate smokers, or heavy smokers. Maternal age, height, parity, and duration of pregnancy were similar in the three groups. Heavy smokers gained significantly less weight than non-smokers, but there was no significant difference in skinfold thickness. Babies born to smokers had lower birth weights and smaller head circumferences and were shorter than those born to non-smokers, but skinfold thicknesses were similar. The presence of a normal layer of subcutaneous fat in babies whose mothers smoked suggests that fetal growth retardation is not caused by nutritional deficiencies.
A STUDY OF THE ANTIGENS INVOLVED IN ADENOVIRUS 12 TUMORIGENESIS BY IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Leonard D. Berman, Wallace P. Rowe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The use of the agar gel diffusion technique has established the presence of three distinct antigenic reactions in the sera of Ad. 12 tumor-bearing hamsters. Only one of these antigens is directly demonstrable in the tumor. This "tumor" antigen is also formed during early stages of the infectious cycle in tissue culture cells. Other antigens present in the tumor, but only demonstrable indirectly with the use of antibody-containing serum of tumored hamsters, are the classical type-specific C antigen, and a new antigen, termed D. Of ninety-eight Ad. 12 tumored hamster sera, six reacted in gel diffusion with virus and tumor preparations, and thirty-one with tumor only. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion with viral antigen uniformly bad neutralizing antibody and high titers of CF antibody against viral and tumor antigens; however, many sera with comparable antibody titers did not react with the virus in gel diffusion. Sera which reacted in gel diffusion only with tumor antigen also had high CF antibody titers, but there was no correlation with neutralizing antibody.
Joggers, Runners, and Racers
Authors: Lucian R. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The subject of runners and running reminds me of a caption for one of the remarkable photographs on Dr George Sheehan's<i>1979 Runner's Calendar:</i> He appears to be the least of all men. A lonely figure on a lonely road, he seems to have no past, no future, and to be living in a present which has no rational meaning. He performs with a perverse intensity an activity which has no marketable value. And is completely engaged in what is not only impractical, but even unintelligible to his fellows. Now, I don't pretend to have the whole answer to this puzzle, but even so, I have been running a long time, and one thing is perfectly obvious— all runners are not the same. This is not to say that all runners are different. Certain generalizations are valid and illuminating. For example, for the purpose of thought, runners
Why All the Focus on Cardiac Imaging?
Authors: Leslee J. Shaw, Thomas H. Marwick, William A. Zoghbi, W. Gregory Hundley, Christopher M. Kramer, Stephan Achenbach, Vasken Dilsizian, Morton J. Kern, Y. Chandrashekhar, Jagat Narula
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
The Arrhythmia Trainer
Authors: Alfred P. Spivack
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An arrhythmia trainer has been developed to assist in the teaching of arrhythmia pattern recognition and to facilitate practice sessions in the electrical treatment of arrhythmias. This small computerized machine can replace the need for using animal preparations to train the hospital staff in defibrillation. It may also be programmed to teach synchronized defibrillation and external pacing, and it makes daily practice sessions possible. The machine may also be used to record arrhythmias on tape.
INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 15 IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED VERSUS REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Mei Yi, Michelle Chan, Rajalakshmi Santhanakrishnan, Jenny PC Chong, Tze P Ng, Lieng H Ling, David Kheng Leng Sim, Kui Toh Gerard Leong, Poh Shuan Daniel Yeo, Hean Y Ong, Fazlur Jaufeerally, Raymond Wong, Ping Chai, Adrian F Low, Arthur Mark Richards, Carolyn SP Lam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Allergic Reaction to Allopurinol with Cross-Reactivity to Oxypurinol
Authors: O. LOCKARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A 25-year-old white man with gout and nephropathy and with a previous reaction to allopurinol was given a trial dose of oxypurinol. He developed malaise, a generalized erythematous reaction with edema, pruritis, and emesis; this was clinically identical to the reaction he experienced with allopurinol. When the patient's lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to oxypurinol and allopurinol, increased DNA synthesis was observed, suggesting an immunologic basis for the reaction. This patient indicates that clinical cross reactivity to allopurinol and oxypurinol does occur and may be of an immunologic basis. There is a need for additional xanthine oxidase inhibitors for such patients.