tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF A THOUSAND SERUMS TESTED BY THE WASSERMANN AND KAHN METHODS
Authors: H. A. Cookson, K. S. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Taxc-xom 441 so as to mnake the uniion perfectly smooth and uninter- rupted.The appliance for introducing the tube serves also for expelling the gum-elastic tip.It consists of a very slender rod enclosed in a caninula.The latter is ex-
Beyond "compliance" is "adherence". Improving the prospect of diabetes care.
Authors: K E Lutfey, W J Wishner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate existing research in the area of patient "compliance," to endorse reconceptualizing "compliance" in terms of "adherence," and to discuss the benefits of such a change for medical practitioners. This study critically reviews existing medical, nursing, and social scientific research in the area of patient "compliance." We assert that the literature reviewed is flawed in its focus on patient behavior as the source of "noncompliance," and neglects the roles that practitioners, the American medical system, and patient-practitioner interaction play in medical definitions of "compliance." The term "compliance" suggests a restricted medical-centered model of behavior, while the alternative "adherence" implies that patients have more autonomy in defining and following their medical treatments. We suggest that while the change in terminology is minor, it reflects an important paradigmatic shift for thinking about the delivery of health care. By enabling practitioners to more accurately identify patients' social and economic constraints and to provide them with more efficient educational and financial resources, this type of change will improve patient care. In general, by moving to a more social paradigm for understanding patient behavior, practitioners can expand the types of explanations, and therefore the types of solutions, they have for therapeutic adherence.
Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
Authors: Chuhan Chung, Jeanne Gottstein, Andres T. Blei
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) die with brain edema, exhibiting an increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the time of cerebral swelling. Mild hypothermia prevents brain edema in experimental models and in humans with FHF, an effect associated with normalization of CBF. To study the effects of alterations of CBF on the development of brain edema, we administered intravenous (IV) indomethacin to rats receiving an ammonia infusion after portacaval anastomosis. This model predictably develops brain edema and a marked increase in CBF at 3 hours of infusion. Brain water was measured with the gravimetry technique; CBF was monitored with both laser Doppler flowmetry and radioactive microspheres, whereas intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored with a cisterna magna catheter. Coadministration of indomethacin prevented the increase in CBF seen with ammonia alone (110 +/- 19% vs. -2 +/- 9%) as well as the increase in brain water (80.86 +/- 0.12% vs. 80.18 +/- 0.06%) and the increase in ICP. Plasma ammonia and brain glutamine levels were markedly elevated in the ammonia-infused group and unaffected by indomethacin. However, ammonia uptake by the brain was significantly reduced by indomethacin. Levels of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, were reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of indomethacin-treated animals. As with mild hypothermia, avoiding cerebral vasodilatation with indomethacin will prevent the development of brain edema in this hyperammonemic model. Cerebral vasoconstriction reduces cerebral ammonia uptake and, if selective to the brain, may be of benefit in FHF.
Development of DNA Analysis for Human Diseases
Authors: Yuet Wai Kan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When to Switch Therapy in Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Alpesh N. Amin, Michael J. Pistoria
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters15 April 2008When to Switch Therapy in Patients with Severe Community-Acquired PneumoniaAlpesh N. Amin, MD, MBA and Michael J. Pistoria, DOAlpesh N. Amin, MD, MBAFrom University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, and Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105.Search for more papers by this author and Michael J. Pistoria, DOFrom University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, and Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-8-200804150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Mortensen and colleagues for their recent letter in regards to our Update in Hospital Medicine, which referred to the article by Oosterheert and colleagues (1). We acknowledge that the original trial by Oosterheert and colleagues has potential limitations (some of which were listed by Dr. Mortensen and colleagues), but the concept of switching from intravenous to oral therapy has been documented in the literature as a strategy for care in community-acquired pneumonia. The 2007 combined American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines (2) for community-acquired pneumonia give a strong recommendation with level II evidence, ...References1. Oosterheert JJ, Bonten MJ, Schneider MM, Buskens E, Lammers JW, Hustinx WM, et al. Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial. BMJ. 2006;333:1193. [PMID: 17090560] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44 Suppl 2 S27-72. [PMID: 17278083] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, and Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in Hospital Medicine Alpesh N. Amin and Michael J. Pistoria When to Switch Therapy in Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Eric M. Mortensen , Marcos I. Restrepo , and Antonio Anzueto Metrics 15 April 2008Volume 148, Issue 8Page: 625-626KeywordsAntibioticsConflicts of interestDrugsGastrointestinal tractHospital medicineIntensive care unitsPneumoniaTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 April 2008 Issue Published: 15 April 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Patients Presenting With CNS Lesions
Authors: Volney Soares Lima, Ellem Brandão Leite, Roberto Porto Fonseca, Amândio Soares Fernandes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.12.054 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14581428 Patients Presenting With CNS Lesions CASE 1. PRIMARY LOW-GRADE MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED B-CELL LYMPHOMA OF THE DURA Volney Soares LimaxVolney Soares LimaSearch for articles by this author , Ellem Brandão LeitexEllem Brandão LeiteSearch for articles by this author , Roberto Porto FonsecaxRoberto Porto FonsecaSearch for articles by this author , Amândio Soares Fernandes JrxAmândio Soares Fernandes JrSearch for articles by this author Show More Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.12.054 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Histamine Suppresses Fibulin-5 and Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Receptor Expression in Melanoma
Authors: Zoltan Pos, Zoltan Wiener, Peter Pocza, Melinda Racz, Sara Toth, Zsuzsanna Darvas, Viktor Molnar, Hargita Hegyesi, Andras Falus
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We previously showed that transgenic enhancement of histamine production in B16-F10 melanomas strongly supports tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, gene expression profiles of transgenic mouse melanomas, secreting different amounts of histamine, were compared by whole genome microarrays. Array results were validated by real-time PCR, and genes showing histamine-affected behavior were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Regulation of histamine-coupled genes was investigated by checking the presence and functional integrity of all four known histamine receptors in experimental melanomas and by administering histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and H2 receptor (H2R) antagonists to tumor-bearing mice. Finally, an attempt was made to integrate histamine-affected genes in known gene regulatory circuits by in silico pathway analysis. Our results show that histamine enhances melanoma growth via H1R rather than through H2R. We show that H1R activation suppresses RNA-level expression of the tumor suppressor insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) and the antiangiogenic matrix protein fibulin-5 (FBLN5), decreases their intracellular protein levels, and also reduces their availability in the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, respectively. Pathway analysis suggests that because plasma membrane-bound IGF-IIR is required to activate matrix-bound, latent transforming growth factor-β1, a factor suggested to sustain FBLN5 expression, the data can be integrated in a known antineoplastic regulatory pathway that is suppressed by H1R. On the other hand, we show that engagement of H2R also reduces intracellular protein pools of IGF-IIR and FBLN5, but being a downstream acting posttranslational effect with minimal consequences on exported IGF-IIR and FBLN5 protein levels, H2R is rather irrelevant compared with H1R in melanoma. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1997–2005]
Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression in eccrine spiradenoma: similarities to the transitional portions between secretory segments and coiled ducts of eccrine glands
Authors: S. WATANABE, M. HIROSE, S. SATO, H. TAKAHASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression in eccrine spiradenoma: similarities to the transitional portions between secretory segments and coiled ducts of eccrine glands Get access S. WATANABE, S. WATANABE Department of Dermatology. Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan Correspondece: Shinichi Watanabe MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 11‐1, Kaga, 2 chome, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. HIROSE, M. HIROSE Department of Dermatology. Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. SATO, S. SATO Tokyo Communication Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. TAKAHASHI H. TAKAHASHI Department of Dermatology. Teikyo University School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 6, 1 December 1994, Pages 799–807, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08581.x Published: 01 December 1994 Article history Accepted: 24 February 1994 Published: 01 December 1994
Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of substituted 3-(3′-indolyl-/3′-pyridyl)-isoxazolidines and bis-indoles
Authors: Vishal Sharma, Raman Kalia, Tilak Raj, Vivek K. Gupta, Nitasha Suri, Ajit K. Saxena, Deepak Sharma, Surinderjit S. Bhella, Gurpinder Singh, Mohan Paul S. Ishar
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Regio- and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone (10) were carried out with different mono-substituted, disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles under mono-mode microwave irradiation to obtain substituted 3-(indol-3′-yl)-N-phenyl-isoxazolidines (16–22). Reactions of nitrone (10) with allenic esters under similar conditions afforded, via a domino process, bis-indole derivatives (23a–c) along with compounds 24 and 25. Similarly, reactions of C-(3-pyridyl)-N-phenylnitrone (26) with mono-substituted, disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles were carried out in refluxing dry toluene to obtain substituted 3-(3′-pyridyl)-N-phenylisoxazolidines (27–34). Some of the compounds (16f, 18b, 23a, 23c, 27c and 29f) display significant cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines.
Comorbidities in a Mexican mestizo cohort with established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: David Vega-Morales, Marta Barrón-Almazán, Ana Arana-Guajardo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In the study recently published in the Annals of Rheumatic Diseases , Dougados et al 1 evaluated the prevalence of comorbidities and compared their management in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from different countries. We know that RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by chronic inflammation, progressive deterioration of joint function, increased comorbidity and mortality; RA patients have about a 50% increased risk of premature mortality.2 A comorbid condition may represent an active, past or transient illness and may be linked to RA process itself and/or its treatment or it may be completely independent of them3; the average RA patient has approximately 1.6 comorbidities.4 We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, non-comparative study to describe the presence of comorbidities in RA Mexican mestizo …
Abstract 3916: Differential roles of microglia and macrophages for glioma progression.
Authors: Matthias Osswald, Miriam Gramlich, Yunxiang Liao, Wolfgang Wick, Frank Winkler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastomas belong to the tumors with the worst prognosis. One reason for the short survival time after diagnosis is the invasiveness of these tumors, which makes a total resection impossible, and hinders effective local therapies. So far, the exact role of the resident microglia and blood macrophages in the process of tumor cell invasion remains unclear. We investigated the role of these immune cells using CX3CR1 transgenic BL/6 mice. In heterozygous CX3CR1-GFP mice, the function of microglia or macrophages is not impaired but both cell types can be tracked over time by stable GFP expression; homozygous mice have both GFP-labeled microglia and macrophages, but lack a functional CX3CR1 chemokine receptor. Both mice strains received a chronic cranial window with subsequent stereotactic Gl261 glioma cell injection into the brain three weeks later. The invasion dynamics of the stably dsRed-transduced tumor cells was monitored using intravital two photon microscopy. In homozygous animals, tumor cells migrated faster than in heterozygous mice (4,6 μm/h vs. 3 μm/h, p&amp;lt;0.001). Both groups showed a perivascular tumor cell invasion pattern. Moreover, single microglia or macrophage cells showed intracellular RFP-positive fragments as a sign of glioma cell phagocytosis; this was observed only in heterozygous animals and not in homozygous animals lacking a functional CX3CR1 receptor. To decipher the role of resident microglia vs. macrophages in glioma invasion, blood macrophages were depleted in heterozygous CX3CR1 mice by intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes. In those mice tumor cell invasion was dramatically reduced. Pre-existing brain resident microglia was not affected by clodronate treatment. All in all, these results implicate a CX3CR1-dependent proinvasive role for blood-borne macrophages in glioma cell invasion in the live mouse brain, whereas residential microglia seems to exert anti-glioma effects. This microglia - macrophage dichotomy has implications for therapies aiming at inhibition of glioma invasion, via CX3CR1 targeting and beyond. Citation Format: Matthias Osswald, Miriam Gramlich, Yunxiang Liao, Wolfgang Wick, Frank Winkler. Differential roles of microglia and macrophages for glioma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3916. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3916
Dickkopf-3: a stubborn protector of cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: H. Akazawa, I. Komuro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Dickkopf-3 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodelling’ by Y. Zhang et al. , pp. 35–45, this issue. 

In response to haemodynamic overload under pathological conditions such as hypertension, valvular heart disease, and myocardial infarction, the heart undergoes hypertrophic growth by increasing cell size and protein synthesis as well as changing the transcriptional programme in cardiac myocytes.1 Although cardiac hypertrophy is beneficial in the way that it reduces ventricular wall tension and maintains pump function, it promotes cardiac structural remodelling and dysfunction, and eventually leads to development of congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. At present, several drugs such as inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, β-adrenergic receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers are clinically available for the management of hypertension, and these drugs have shown significant efficacy in preventing load-induced cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling. However, these pharmacological agents are currently of limited effectiveness, and further discovery and development of novel classes of cardioprotective drugs are in urgent need.2 For that purpose, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In the article by Zhang et al. ,3 integrating genetic approaches in mice have shed light on Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) as a cardioprotective regulator of cardiac hypertrophy.

DKK3 is a secreted glycoprotein of the Dickkopf family that typically antagonizes the Wnt/β-catenin signalling by interfering with Wnt co-receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and kremen.4 ‘Dickkopf’ is a German word for ‘big head’ or ‘stubborn’, and the protein …
Sex Hormones and Bone Loss
Authors: HUBERT I. CAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1978Sex Hormones and Bone LossHUBERT I. CAPLAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.HUBERT I. CAPLAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-719_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The title of the article "Effect of Estrogens and Calcium Carbonate on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women" by Recker and coauthors in the December 1977 volume is misleading. The patients were treated with both estrogen and methyltestosterone. A follow-up study using the same design but treating patients with either estrogen or methyltestosterone and comparing the effect with untreated controls or calcium carbonate-treated subjects would be of interest."Effect of Sex Hormones and Calcium Carbonate on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women" would have been a more accurate and less misleading title.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 40 Grove Street; Wellesley, MA 02181 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1978Volume 88, Issue 5Page: 719-720KeywordsBone resorptionCalciumCarbonatesEstrogensSex hormones Issue Published: 1 May 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
The search for evidence of effective health promotion
Authors: V. Speller, A. Learmonth, D Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A conceptually sound evidence base for interventions that aim to promote health is urgently required. However, the current search for evidence of effective health promotion is unlikely to succeed and may result in drawing false conclusions about health promotion practice to the long term detriment of public health. The reasons for this are threefold: lack of consensus about the nature of health promotion activity; lack of agreement over what evidence to use to assess effectiveness; and divergent views on appropriate methods for reviewing effectiveness. As a consequence health promotion may be designated “not effective” because it is being assessed with inappropriate tools.

Health promotion is a multifactorial process operating on individuals and communities, through education, prevention, and protection measures.1 The statement of principles known as the Ottawa charter for health promotion, developed by the World Health Organisation, is internationally accepted as the guiding framework for health promotion activity. This describes five approaches; building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.2 Health promotion methods may include activities as diverse as awareness raising campaigns, provision of health information and advice, influencing social policy, lobbying for change, professional training, and community development—often in combination in complex interventions. However, health promotion is rarely judged on its effectiveness in all these areas.

### Not just about individual behaviour

In Britain the Health of the Nation strategy's concentration on reducing disease and behavioural risk factors3 has overemphasised the role of health promotion in developing personal knowledge and skills and focused attention on assessing individual health outcomes. In Europe, however, health promotion emphasises the development of health promoting settings, such as schools, workplaces and hospitals, which aim to enable and support healthy behaviour. Practice therefore includes management and organisational development approaches.4 In the Pacific countries the emphasis is on sustaining …