tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I trial of intravenous cyclosporine to induce graft-versus-host disease in women undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation for breast cancer.
Authors: M J Kennedy, G B Vogelsang, R A Beveridge, E R Farmer, V Altomonte, A M Huelskamp, N E Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE We investigated if graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is associated with an antitumor effect, could be induced in women with advanced breast cancer by treatment with cyclosporine (CSA) following reinfusion of purged autologous marrow after treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and defined the toxicities of this approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one women with advanced breast cancer responding to therapy were treated with escalating doses of CSA (1.0, 2.5, or 3.75 mg/kg/d) for 28 days following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation and monitored for induction of GVHD and toxicity of therapy. RESULTS GVHD was induced in a dose-dependent fashion in 14%, 68%, and 92% of patients at each dose level, respectively, a median of 15 days following autologous marrow reinfusion. GVHD was clinically mild and limited to skin. Toxicity was acceptable, with two deaths within 50 days of marrow reinfusion. Statistically significant increases in maximum creatinine and bilirubin levels were seen at all dose levels when compared with similarly treated historic controls who did not receive CSA. Time to last platelet transfusion was significantly delayed in patients treated at the highest dose. CONCLUSION GVHD can be safely induced by treatment with CSA in women with advanced breast cancer who are receiving high-dose alkylating agents and autologous bone marrow transplantation. The toxicity of this approach is acceptable. Evidence of antitumor efficacy awaits further investigation.
Induction of Liver Tumors in Female Sherman Strain Rats by Polybrominated Biphenyls&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R D Kimbrough, D F Groce, M P Korver, V W Burse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Noninbred Sherman strain rats were given the polybrominated biphenyl mixture Firemaster FF-1 (PBB). Rats given a single dose of 1,000 mg PBB/kg or 12 doses of 100 mg PBB/kg body weight in corn oil by gavage had final (when less than or equal to 26 mo old) liver PBB concentrations of 17.1 and 34.8 mg/kg (wet wt), respectively. The respective incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas was 41.4 and 67.8%. No difference in PBB concentrations was found between hepatocellular carcinomas and surrounding liver tissue. In addition, most livers of PBB-dosed rats had adenofibrosis of the liver. Livers of controls were essentially normal. Rats given a single dose of 200 mg PBB/kg as above had a 31.2% incidence of neoplastic nodules, whereas none were seen in the controls. The mean PBB concentrations (when 26 mo old) were 2.68 mg/kg in liver, 244 mg/kg in adipose tissue, and 0.22 mg/kg in blood.
Incidence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients (pts) treated with immunomodulating agents (IMiDs)
Authors: D. Depaolo, K. Miller, L. Musial, P. Marshall, J. Coignet, S. Padmanabhan, A. A. Chanan-Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8625 Introduction: We recently reported the clinical activity of IMiDs (both thalidomide (T) and lenalidomide (L)) in pts with CLL. VTE is a commonly reported complication of these agents requiring prophylaxis. Most available information is in pts treated for multiple myeloma (MM), a disease with a high baseline incidence of VTE. To determine whether the incidence of IMiDs associated VTE is similar in CLL pts we reviewed all CLL pts treated with IMiDs at our institute. Method: All CLL pts treated at our institute with T or L either alone or in combination with other antileukemic agents such as rituximab (R) or fludarabine (F)) were evaluable for this analysis. All pts were treated on IRB approved clinical trials and signed informed consent. Prophylaxis for VTE was recorded. Dose range for T was 100–300mg/day, while that of L was 5–25mg/day. Results: To date a total of 55 pts (35 on L and 20 on T) are treated with IMiDs at our center. All pts treated with L received single agent L while those treated with T received concurrent F (FT). All T treated pts also received low-dose warfarin (1 or 2 mg for body weight ≤ or &gt; than 70 kg respectively) for VTE prophylaxis. No prophylaxis was given to L treated pts. VTE was noted in 2 (6%) pts on L and 2 (10%) on FT. Thus the cumulative incidence of IMiDs associated VTE in CLL pts at our center was 7% (4/55). Conclusion: VTE is a known side effect of IMiDs. Its incidence in CLL treated pts is unknown. Our experience with both T and L in CLL pts suggest that VTE remains a concern in this pt population as well though the incidence may be lower. Three other studies investigated T either alone (n=28) 1 , with F (n=18) 2 or with dexamethasone/cyclophosphamide (n=3) 3 . Only 1 episode of VTE was reported in these studies. 3 Our current analysis failed to reveal any apparent risk factors for VTE in CLL pts treated with IMiDs. Several pts on the L clinical trial continue to be on therapy. Updated results with prolonged L treatment will be presented at the meeting. 1. Kay N et al: ASH 2003 2. Furman RR et al: ASCO 2005 3. Trompeter S et al: IWCLL 2005 [Table: see text]
Poor prediction of potentially drug-resistant pathogens using current criteria of health care-associated pneumonia
Authors: Seon Cheol Park, Youn Ae Kang, Byung Hoon Park, Eun Young Kim, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Ji Ye Jung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) includes a broad range of patients having frequent or chronic contact with health care systems. However, the relationship between current defining criteria for HCAP and the risk of potentially drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens is controversial.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients admitted to Severance Hospital in South Korea with culture-positive pneumonia from January 2008 to December 2009. We analyzed the associations between risk factors for HCAP and infection with PDR pathogens.

Results: Among 339 patients, PDR pathogens were observed in 122 (36.0%) and non-PDR pathogens in 217 (64.0%). PDR pathogens were more common in HCAP than community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (48.5% vs 23.8%, P < 0.001), but 51.5% of HCAP showed non-PDR pathogens. In a logistic regression, prior hospitalization within 90 days of pneumonia (OR = 2.52, P = 0.003), recent treatment with antimicrobials (OR = 2.35, P = 0.039), and nasogastric tube feeding (OR = 13.94, P < 0.001) were independently associated with PDR pathogens.

Conclusions: The current criteria for HCAP are poor predictors of PDR pathogens and all patients with HCAP should not be empirically treated for these pathogens. To avoid excessive antibiotic use, individual risk stratification approaches should be considered.
Particulate air pollution affects alveolization in a juvenile mice model of asthma
Authors: Mariana Veras, Aila Teles, Natália Costa, Gabriel Ribeiro-Junior, Paulo Saldiva, Thais Mauad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide and environmental and/or genetic factors are thought to be responsible. Effects of air pollution (AP) on the severity and symptoms are increasingly recognized. Epi and experimental data suggest that lung development could be impaired by gestational and neonatal exposures to AP. Methods: 32 BALB/c mice were injected with ovalbumin [10mg OVA + 1mg Al (OH)3] or PBS on 5th and 7th postnatal day (pnd). From 9th to 39th pnd they were exposed daily to AP ([600 µg/m³] of PM2.5) or filtered air. 4 groups were formed (n=6-9): control (CON), pollution (PM), ovalbumin (OVA), OVA+PM2.5 (OVAPM). Further, mice were challenged with nebulized OVA (3% in PBS) for 15 min/day on 9th-11th, 24th-26th, 37th-39th pnd and euthanized on 40th pnd for stereological evaluation of the lung. Volumes (V) and volume fractions were assessed by the Cavalieri principle or point counting and the number alveoli (N) were estimated by Euler number of the network of alveolar openings (physical dissectors). Result: Lung V was significantly decreased in all groups when compared to CON (p=0.001), V of alveolar septum and airways were also reduced in groups OVA and OVAPM compared to CON (p=0.03). N of alveoli was significantly reduced in PM (less 59%), OVA (less 55%) and OVAPM (less 67%) groups when compared to the CON (p=0,001). Effects of OVA seems to be greater than solely exposure to PM, however the combination of both OVA and PM exacerbates the outcome. Conclusion: Lung development is impaired in young sensitized animals and early-life exposure to AP may aggravate this effect.
Measuring exacerbations in subjects with mild to moderate COPD from a population-based cohort: The CanCOLD study
Authors: Laura Labonté, Palmina Mancino, Wan Tan, Robert Cowie, Paul Hernandez, Kenneth R. Chapman, Pei Z. Li, Shawn Aaron, Andrea Benedetti, Mark Fitzgerald, François Maltais, Darcy Marciniuk, Denis O'Donnell, Don Sin, Jean Bourbeau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: There is no information on COPD exacerbations in subjects with mild to moderate COPD sampled from the general population.  Objective: To assess in a population-based sample the frequency and characteristics of COPD exacerbations.  Methods: Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) is a longitudinal, multi-center study, 1600 subjects ≥ 40 years old, identified by random digit dialling from the general population. Subjects are sex- and age-matched, and grouped as: 1) COPD moderate + (GOLD≥ 2); 2) COPD mild (GOLD 1); 3) subjects at risk (ever smoker); 4) healthy subjects (never smoker, no obstruction). An exacerbation questionnaire is administered at baseline and every 3 months to capture changes in respiratory symptoms, medication, work and health service use.  Results: From a preliminary analysis of 182 subjects, 35 were normal, 30 at risk, 62 GOLD 1 and 55 GOLD ≥2. Exacerbations at baseline were reported by 2 at risk, 2 GOLD 1 and 9 GOLD ≥2 subjects, suggesting a prevalence of 9% in this cohort. GOLD 1 and at-risk subjects experienced similar worsened respiratory symptoms, but no change in medication, work or health service use. GOLD ≥2 subjects experienced more symptoms, and changes in medication, work and health service use.  Conclusions: Based on these preliminary data, COPD exacerbations are reported in a minority of COPD subjects sampled from the population. Exacerbations occur, and are similar in at-risk and GOLD 1 subjects, however in GOLD ≥2 subjects they are more common and have a greater impact. Longitudinal evaluation will be of great value.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy and high-dose radiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a preliminary analysis of the phase II intergroup trial 0122.
Authors: B D Minsky, D Neuberg, D P Kelsen, T M Pisansky, R Ginsberg, A Benson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To determine the preliminary acute toxicity and survival results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy plus high-dose radiation therapy in patients with local/regional squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with clinical stage T1-4N0-1M0 squamous cell carcinoma were entered onto the trial. Eight patients were declared ineligible after registration. Patients received three monthly cycles of fluorouracil (5-FU; 1,000 mg/m2/24hr for 5 days) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on day 1) (neoadjuvant segment) followed by two additional monthly cycles of 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/24hr for 5 days) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1) plus concurrent 64.8 Gy (combined modality segment). RESULTS With a median follow-up of 15 months in surviving patients, the incidence of total grade 3+ toxicity during the neoadjuvant chemotherapy segment was 61%, and during the combined modality segment was 72%. Of the 33 patients who started radiation therapy, 91% were able to complete the full course. There were six deaths during treatment, five of which (11%), because of nadir sepsis and/or dehydration, were treatment-related. For the 37 eligible patients, the median disease-free survival duration was 9 months, and the overall median survival was 20 months. CONCLUSION The preliminary analysis of this trial demonstrated that the incidence of grade 3+ toxicity was similar to that reported in the combined modality arm of the prior Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) intergroup esophageal trial RTOG 85-01. However, because of the increased incidence of treatment-related mortality, this treatment program will not be used as an experimental arm of intergroup trial INT 0123 (RTOG 94-05).
Digital cameras are reliable in teleradiology
Authors: S Roychoudhury
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴Szot A, Jacobson FL, Munn S, et al . Diagnostic accuracy of chest X-rays acquired using a digital camera for low-cost teleradiology. Int J Med Informatics2004;73:65–73

[OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2]



Telemedicine, and particularly teleradiology, can be very useful in developing countries where skilled radiological expertise is not freely available. “Store and forward teleradiology”, where digitised images are electronically sent after image compression to reduce file sizes (for easier internet transfer), will be particularly useful. In this article the authors assess …

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Patterns of Intellectual Development Among Survivors of Pediatric Medulloblastoma: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Shawna L. Palmer, Olga Goloubeva, Wilburn E. Reddick, John O. Glass, Amar Gajjar, Larry Kun, Thomas E. Merchant, Raymond K. Mulhern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To examine two competing hypotheses relating to intellectual loss among children treated for medulloblastoma (MB): Children with MB either: (1) lose previously learned skills and information; or (2) acquire new skills and information but at a rate slower than expected compared with healthy same-age peers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four pediatric MB patients were evaluated who were treated with postoperative radiation therapy (XRT) with or without chemotherapy. After completion of XRT, a total of 150 examinations were conducted by use of the child version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. These evaluations provided a measure of intellectual functioning called the estimated full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ). Changes in patient performance corrected for age (scaled scores) as well as the uncorrected performance (raw scores) were analyzed. RESULTS: At the time of the most recent examination, the obtained mean estimated FSIQ of 83.57 was more than one SD below expected population norms. A significant decline in cognitive performance during the time since XRT was demonstrated, with a mean loss of 2.55 estimated FSIQ points per year (P = .0001). An analysis for the basis of the intelligence quotient (IQ) loss revealed that subtest raw score values increased significantly over time since XRT, but the rate of increase was less than normally expected, which resulted in decreased IQ scores. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that MB patients demonstrate a decline in IQ values because of an inability to acquire new skills and information at a rate comparable to their healthy same-age peers, as opposed to a loss of previously acquired information and skills.
The incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in asympthomatic pulmonary embolism patients
Authors: Halil Tosun, Gamze Kirkil, Figen Deveci, Necati Dagli, Mete Ozcan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

More than half of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) have no acute pulmonary embolism history with clinical signs, so determining of actual incidence and prevalence of CTEPH is difficult. At this study, we aimed to search especially asympthomatic CTEPH incidence and the risk factors those may be associated with CTEPH in patients who had acute PTE.  One hundred twelve patients with acute pulmonary embolism diagnosed by thorax CT or ventilation/perfussion scintigraphy in our clinic included into the study. Patients that have risk factors for pulmoner hypertension other than thromboembolic disease were excluded. The results arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, levels of D-Dimer, troponin, doppler ultrasonography of lower extremities on admission were recorded. Thorax CT, and echocardiography studies, both on admission and at 6 th  month, were also recorded.  Presence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) (systolic PAB>35 mmHg) was determined on 6 th  month in 45 of 112 patients (37 of them were asympthomatic) and asympthomatic CTEPH incidence was identified as 33.03%. We determined that CTEPH risk was increased 4.59 times by being male sex (95% CI 1.071-19.683, p=0.040), 218 times by previous history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (95% CI 1.235-38543.073, p=0.041), and 56.903 times by PaO 2    In conclusion, asympthomatic CTEPH development after PTE may be frequently seen. If probable risk factors is known, patients can be closely monitorize for CTEPH development.
Effects of breast feeding on the prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in Chinese school children
Authors: Ning Song, Mohammed Shamssain, Jin Zhang, Shuting Hao, Jianling Wu, Chunling Fu, Xixin Yan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months is recommended by many governments and allergy organizations to prevent allergic disease. There is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship between breast feeding and asthma, wheezing illness and allergic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is any association between breast feeding and asthma and allergic disorders in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS: Study subjects comprised 10824 randomly selected 6 to 18 year-old schoolchildren from Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province in China. Information on breast feeding, asthma, rhinitis and eczema was gathered by parental questionnaire using the Chinese version of ISAAC questionnaire. Results: Children who have been breastfed had significantly lower prevalence rates of exercise-induced wheezing, asthma ever, and rhinitis ever than those who have not been breastfed (3.1% vs 4.2%, p
Stomach conservation in stages IE and IIE gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: M H Maor, W S Velasquez, L M Fuller, K B Silvermintz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Thirty-four patients with stages IE and IIE gastric lymphoma were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy combinations without stomach resection. In 20 patients, the diagnosis was established by endoscopic biopsy only; the other 14 had laparotomy and biopsy. No patient had a gastrectomy before treatment. Nineteen patients had stage IE disease and 15 had stage IIE. Lymphoma diagnoses were: diffuse large-cell, 26; immunoblastic, three; diffuse well-differentiated, three; nodular mixed, one; and unclassified, one. The treatment plan was to deliver an initial four cycles of chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy, and finally, more chemotherapy. Thirty-three patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo). Four patients with stage IIE disease received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and dexamethasone (CMED). Twenty-three patients (68%) never had a relapse. Three patients had successful salvage therapy, one for local recurrence and two for tumor dissemination. Five patients died of recurrent abdominal disease, and one died of tumor dissemination. Two died of treatment-related complications, one of sepsis during treatment with CMED and one of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. No patient developed stomach perforation or bleeding as a result of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Twenty-four of the 26 surviving patients were able to retain their stomachs. One patient required a gastrectomy for progressive disease during chemotherapy, and another required a subtotal gastrectomy for relief of an obstruction caused by cicatrization. These data show that surgery is not a necessary procedure in gastric lymphoma. Favorable results can be achieved by combining effective chemotherapy and local radiation.
Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality: Focusing on Object Relationsby John F. Clarkin, Ph.D., Frank E. Yeomans, M.D., Ph.D., Otto F. Kernberg, M.D. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006, 397 pp, $55.00.
Authors: MARDI J. HOROWITZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)
Imiquimod: mode of action
Authors: M.P Schön, M Schön
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Imiquimod: mode of action Get access M.P Schön, M.P Schön Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University, Würzburg, Germany Correspondence: Michael P. Schön. E‐mail: michael.schoen@virchow.uni‐wuerzburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Schön M Schön Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University, Würzburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue s2, 1 December 2007, Pages 8–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08265.x Published: 01 December 2007
The distribution of myeloperoxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, albumin and urea in sequential bronchoalveolar lavage
Authors: B Schmekel, P Venge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The distribution of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), secreted from activated neutrophils and eosinophils, was estimated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a sequential lavage study performed on 12 healthy subjects. Four 50 ml aliquots were sequentially injected into the right middle lobe and immediately aspirated. Recent studies, using radiological methods, have revealed proximal airway distribution of the first infused lavage aliquot, and more peripheral distribution of the following ones. We found significantly higher concentrations of MPO (p less than 0.001) and ECP (p less than 0.001) in the first aspirated aliquots as compared to the following three. These findings are compatible with the concept that these substances are, to a substantial part, distributed to the surface of the proximal airways. In contrast, the sequential recovery of albumin and urea showed a homogeneous recovery pattern. The findings were compatible with those of a small series of sixteen 10 ml lavage aliquots, sequentially infused and aspirated, also indicating a continuous diffusion of these small molecules through the lung membranes into the lavage fluid during the lavage process. We conclude that the difference in recovery pattern and distribution on the bronchial surface makes albumin and urea unsuitable as denominators in ratios to MPO and ECP, for the estimation of quantitative local concentration in epithelial lining fluid.
Abstract 5277: Cardiac STAT3 Protects the Heart from Deterioration of Left Ventricular Function, Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling, and Increased Mortality under Chronic {beta}-Adrenergic Stress
Authors: Philipp Fischer, Britta Stapel, Sergej Erschow, M Hoch, Helmut Drexler, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
Journal: Circulation (2008)