tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Plasma
Authors: Aase Handberg, Klaus Levin, Kurt Højlund, Henning Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Macrophage CD36 scavenges oxidized low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation, and appears to be a key proatherogenic molecule. Increased expression of CD36 has been attributed to hyperglycemia and to defective macrophage insulin signaling in insulin resistance. Premature atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Here, we report the identification of a soluble form of CD36 (sCD36) in plasma and hypothesize that sCD36 would be elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Methods and Results— sCD36 in plasma was demonstrated by immunopurification and Western blotting. We established ELISA assays to determine sCD36 in plasma and measured sCD36 in obese type 2 diabetic patients, obese nondiabetic relatives, and obese and lean control subjects. sCD36 was markedly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients compared with both lean (5-fold) and obese (2- to 3-fold) control subjects. There was a strong, inverse correlation between sCD36 and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and a direct correlation with fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and body mass index. Conclusions— Our study demonstrates sCD36 in plasma for the first time. sCD36 is highly related to risk factors of accelerated atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes such as insulin resistance and glycemic control, and we propose that sCD36 might represent a marker of the metabolic syndrome and a potential surrogate marker of atherosclerosis.
Who Really Pays for Health Care?
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2008)

HEN ASKED WHO PAYS FOR HEALTH CARE IN THE United States, the usual answer is “employers, government, and individuals.” Most Americans believe that employers pay the bulk of workers’ premiums and that governments pay for Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and other programs. However,thisisincorrect.Employersdonotbearthecost of employment-based insurance; workers and households pay for health insurance through lower wages and higher prices. Moreover, government has no source of funds other than taxes or borrowing to pay for health care. Failuretounderstandthatindividualsandhouseholdsactually foot the entire health care bill perpetuates the idea that people can get great health benefits paid for by someone else. It leads to perverse and counterproductive ideas regarding health care reform.
Pneumomediastinum
Authors: Markus Gapany-Gapanavičius
Journal: JAMA (1982)

HOMEMADE mixtures of dilute hypochlorite solution with other acidic household chemicals may liberate substantial amounts of chlorine gas. In our experience, the most common domestic combination is a mixture of bleach with lavatory cleaners, usually hydrochloric acid. The growing incidence of mixing household cleaning agents has been noted previously.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this report is to draw attention to a possible hazard of such practice. We describe two cases of pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema following inhalation of chlorine gas liberated from a mixture of 5% sodium hypochlorite with 10% hydrochloric acid. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 27-year-old man was brought to the emergency ward following exposure to gas liberated from a mixture of household cleaners. Four hours before admission, he had mixed 1 L of 5% sodium hypochlorite with 1 L of 10% hydrochloric acid in a large aquarium he meant to clean. He immediately experienced a burning
Color Atlas of Head and Neck Anatomy
Authors: Malcolm H. Hast
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is the second anatomic atlas to come out of the Department of Anatomy of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Like the first<i>Color Atlas of Human Anatomy</i>, by McMinn and Hutchings, it successfully combines the talents of a knowledgeable and experienced teacher of human anatomy with those of a master photographer, and the craftsmanship of a superb prosector. This atlas is easy to handle (8×10 1/2 in) and contains 80 color photographs of the bones of the head, neck, and related regions, 135 dissections of soft tissue, and 11 radiographs. Most of the photographs are life size and of excellent quality. Numbers, instead of the usual distracting leader lines, are superimposed on all the pictures and are accompanied by easy-to-read keys. Additionally, many of the photographs have extensive explanatory footnotes of both a technical and clinical nature. The atlas is divided into the following sections: the skull,
Abnormal distribution of CF ΔF508 allele in azoospermic men with congenital aplasia of epididymis and vas deferens
Authors: Viviane Dumur, Radj Gervais, Jean-Marc Rigot, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Sylvie Manouvrier, Jaques Biserte, Etienne Mazeman, Philippe Roussel
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Management of Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Robert J. Touloukian
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Management of Pediatric Trauma</i>edited by William Buntain is more than the conventional recitation of childhood injuries and their treatment, but rather a "call to consider the approach to injured children from the broad perspective of pediatric and trauma oriented surgeons as an integrated and comprehensive evaluation and management process." I believe the editor, a general pediatric surgeon with an interest and insight into pediatric trauma problems, has largely succeeded. The text is a major effort covering 814 pages in six sections and 53 chapters with 715 illustrations. The editor concedes the effort took 6 to 12 years to complete, but the work does not appear either dated or encyclopedic. Each chapter is well illustrated and followed by a reasonable number of historical and recent references. There is a nice balance between tables, illustrations, and line drawings, which clarify and emphasize the text. The first four sections cover the more
Effect of Abuse-Deterrent Formulation of OxyContin
Authors: Theodore J Cicero, Matthew S Ellis, Hilary L Surratt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In 2010, an abuse-deterrent formulation of the widely abused prescription opioid OxyContin replaced the original formulation. After the new formulation was introduced, patients reported that they used OxyContin less often and other drugs (including heroin) more often.
EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF SLIGHT THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA (35-36°C) FOR POST CARDIAC ARREST SYNDROME DUE TO VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION WITH LOW CARDIAC FUNCTION
Authors: Tomohiko Orita, Mitsuhide Kitano, Kenichirou Sasao, Yukitoshi Toyoda, Kouichi Mukai, Yoshiaki Itoh, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Shinya Sasaki, Motoharu Araki, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Ikki Komatsu, Takurou Takama, Reiko Tsukahara, Toshiya Muramatsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Medical and Dental Educations
Authors: T. V. Weclew
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Your editorial of Aug 9 ( 193 :535, 1965) on medicine's record in continuing education says that medicine  so far ahead of almost every other professional field in this regard that there is hardly any basis for comparison. Dentistry has a group formally organized in 1952, whose main objective is continuing education for all dentists. The schools, and the ADA Council on Education have recognized this great need for keeping men informed of the current advances in dentistry, and the journals are regularly publishing lists of courses offered. This has been a concerted effort on the part of a group of dedicated men, with the result that the courses offered, as well as the participants, have multiplied gratifyingly over the decade.
Assessment of environmental contaminant-induced lymphocyte dysfunction.
Authors: J B Silkworth, L D Loose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Although it has been established that environmental contaminants can alter immune function, the mechanisms of action have yet to be determined. This paper reviews the effects of hydrocarbon environmental contaminants on lymphocyte function and presents an approach which may serve to delineate the mechanisms of action. The approach is based on the use of the developmental phases of an immune response and assays which can be used for their functional assessment. Possible interactions between environmental contaminants and lymphocyte function and factors which must be considered in the evaluation of immune status are discussed. In addition, a study on the influence of the chronic exposure to two polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, PCB and HCB, on several parameters of lymphocyte function in mice is presented.
The CFTR 3849+10kbC-&gt;T and 2789+5G-&gt;A alleles are associated with a mild CF phenotype
Authors: I. Duguépéroux, M. De Braekeleer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Most cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane receptor mutations are rare. The French CF Registry offers an opportunity to study the genotype–phenotype relationship of these rare alleles. Since 1992, 39 CF patients carrying one copy of the 3849+10kbC-&gt;T mutation and 88 the 2789+5G-&gt;A allele have been seen at least once in a CF care centre. Among them, 16 carrying the 3849+10kbC-&gt;T/ΔF508 genotype and 34 with the 2789+5G-&gt;A/ΔF508 genotype were seen in 2000. Their age at diagnosis, sweat chloride concentration, anthropometric and lung function results, and clinical aspects were compared with those homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation matched for sex, age and CF care centre. Major differences, most of them statistically significant, in the age at diagnosis, prevalence of pancreatic insufficiency, and other clinical signs, anthropometric and lung function measures were observed between both compound heterozygote groups and their matched ΔF508/ΔF508 groups. The mean sweat chloride concentration was also lower (close to normal values) among 3849+10kbC-&gt;T/ΔF508 patients, but not among 2789+5G-&gt;A/ΔF508 patients. In conclusion, both mutations studied here are associated with a milder course of cystic fibrosis disease. The 3849+10kbC-&gt;T and 2789+5G-&gt;A alleles are splice site mutations, leading to abnormal mRNA; however, a small amount of normally spliced transcripts can also be detected. The presence of these small amounts of normal cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor protein in these cystic fibrosis patients is likely to be responsible for the milder severity of disease and a better life expectancy.
The Practice of Urology. A Surgical Treatise on Genito-Urinary Diseases Including Syphilis.
Authors: Charles Howard Chetwood
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The aging stomach or the stomachs of the ages
Authors: ADRIAN LEE, SANDER VELDHUYZEN VAN ZANTEN
Journal: Gut (1997)

See article on page452 

Although few would challenge the role of Helicobacter pylori as a major gastroduodenal pathogen, many paradoxes remain. Infection is mainly acquired in childhood, yet the major symptomatic diseases, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, occur predominantly in adults or the elderly. Patterns of disease vary within and between different populations. In some countries, the incidence of duodenal ulcer is high whereas in others the progression of H pylori associated pathology is more towards gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma. These patterns of disease are changing in certain countries and this seems to correlate with improvements in socioeconomic status. Thus in the United Kingdom and the United States, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer were rare before the 19th century.1 2 From the middle 1800s, gastric ulcer and cancer increased and by the early 1900s duodenal ulcers appeared and slowly started to surpass gastric ulcers in frequency. In more recent times, there has been a decline in the frequency of carcinoma, and both types of ulcer while reflux oesophagitis seems to be on the increase. In the less developed world, in countries such as Colombia and China, these changes have been delayed and gastric cancer remains a frequent cause of death.

Given that H pylori is an aetiological factor in both ulcer disease and gastric malignancy, how can these temporal and geographical trends be reconciled? One of us had postulated differences in acid output as the explanation.3 Higher acid restricts growth of H pylori and inflammation to the antrum while lower acid allows the bacterium to thrive in the body, inducing a pangastritis. We predicted that the mean local acid output in those populations with the gastric ulcer/gastric cancer profile would be less than in populations more prone …
Paddler's Palsy
Authors: C. Harker Rhodes, Vijay M. Thadani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: One of us, a 40-year-old physician (C.H.R.), decided to take up white-water kayaking. After he had two hours of instruction on flat water, his thumbs and the first two fingers of both hands became numb. He attributed the symptoms to the cold. After four more hours of instruction, he awoke from sleep the following night with tingling in the thumbs and first two fingers of both hands. In the morning he could not start his car because his right hand lacked strength to turn the ignition key. He moved on to more advanced kayaking, with only mild . . .
T4 Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Reduces Rate, Density And Duration Of Experimental Human Pneumococcal Colonisation: First Human Challenge Testing Of A Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: A. Collins, A. Wright, E. Mitsi, J. Gritzfeld, C. Hancock, D. Shaw, S. Pennington, B. Morton, D. Ferreira, S. Gordon
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effect of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-13) on experimental pneumococcal colonisation compared to Hepatitis A vaccination (control) in healthy participants. <h3>Design</h3> Double blind randomised controlled trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Clinical Research Unit in the Royal Liverpool University Hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> 99 healthy participants aged 18–50 years were randomly assigned to receive PCV-13 (n = 49) or Hepatitis A (n = 50) vaccination according to a randomisation plan in blocks of ten. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants previously vaccinated with PCV or control were inoculated after 4 weeks with 80,000C FU/100 µl pneumococcal bacteria (6B) 100 µl per naris. Participants were followed up for 21 days to determine pneumococcal colonisation by culture of nasal wash samples. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The primary outcome measure was the culture of type 6B pneumococcus at either day 2, 7, 14 or 21 following inoculation. Secondary outcome measures included the density and duration of pneumococcal colonisation post inoculation of 6B and the presence of any other naturally acquired pneumococcal strains. <h3>Results</h3> The PCV group showed a significantly reduced experimental colonisation rate 5/48 compared to the control group 23/48 (&lt;0.001) [Figure 1]. Both the density and duration of colonisation were reduced in the PCV group compared to the control group following inoculation. The area under the density-time curve (total exposure) was significantly reduced in the PCV compared to control group (mean 8902 vs 267580 p = 0.0179). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PCV reduces pneumococcal colonisation rate, density and duration in healthy adults. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Colonisation (EHPC) model is a safe, effective and efficient method of analysing the efficacy of vaccination on pneumococcal colonisation. We suggest that this novel EHPC model can now be used as a platform for future pneumococcal vaccine testing, using small sample sizes and shorter time scales than community studies in order to reduce time and cost to market. We recommend that carriage rate, density and duration are all measured in these studies. Trial registration. <b>EudraCT:</b> 2012-005141-20. <b>ISRCTN: </b>45340436.
Dilemmas in managing intracerebral haemorrhage and thromboembolism
Authors: R Fuller, N J Dudley, J Maule, T Stewart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Dr Shah and Dr Dawson's dilemma (March 2004 JRSM1) of managing intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a patient previously anticoagulated for a prosthetic heart valve will be familiar to many clinicians. Whilst re-anticoagulation would be current practice, this is based on perceptions that the benefits of thromboembolism prevention surpass the risks of re-haemorrhage.2 Such decisions are prone to recall or availability bias, given the varying risks of valve thromboembolism and the fragmentary evidence base on risks of rebleeding with further antithrombotics/anticoagulants.

Clinical trials are unlikely to resolve this dilemma, not least because of the difficulty of recruiting sufficient participants. Decision analysis presents an alternative solution—developing a framework in which to combine variations in multiple probabilities within a mathematical model. Such techniques allow examination of current practices where no consensus exists, using a range of values/scenarios to test the feasibility of the model. These techniques have already seen successful use in re-examining evidence-based guidelines and in assessing decision-making in atrial fibrillation and intracerebral haemorrhage.3,4

We are currently constructing a decision model to explore the dilemma faced by Shah and Dawson, testing the effects of using anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in patients with mechanical valves and ICH. A key test of decision modelling outcomes is to review them against current practices, and it is noteworthy that recent case reports have highlighted the potential short-term use of antiplatelet agents such as aspirin and clopidogrel in place of immediate anticoagulation following cerebral bleeding.5
STUDIES OF HYPERSENSITIVENESS TO THE EMANATIONS OF THE CADDIS FLY (<i>TRICHOPTERA</i>).
Authors: S. J. PARLATO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 May 1934STUDIES OF HYPERSENSITIVENESS TO THE EMANATIONS OF THE CADDIS FLY (TRICHOPTERA).V. A REPORT OF ITS DISTRIBUTION*S. J. PARLATO, P. J. LADUCA, O. C. DURHAMS. J. PARLATOSearch for more papers by this author, P. J. LADUCASearch for more papers by this author, O. C. DURHAMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-11-1420 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough the first studies of the caddis fly emanations were made in Buffalo and the Niagara frontier, it was soon realized that this allergen was not confined merely to this locality.1An effort, therefore, has been made to determine the extent of distribution of this fly. The stimulus to do this was supplied by the numerous inquiries which have been received from physicians throughout this country and Canada as to the presence of this fly in their respective communities. This report also includes studies of its distribution in various sites in Buffalo and nearby rural districts. Daily counts of its...References1. PARLATO SJ: Sand fly (caddis fly) as exciting cause of allergic coryza and asthma; its relative frequency, Jr. Allergy, 1930, iv, 307-312. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. LLOYD JT: North American larvae, Bull. of the Lloyd Library, No. 21, Entomological Series No. 1, 1921. Google Scholar3. KLAPALEK F: Metamorphose der Trichopteren, Arch. der Naturwissensch. Landdurchforschung von Böhmen 6, Band No. 5 and Band 7, No. 6. Google Scholar4. STRUCK R: Neue und alte Trichopteren-Larven-gehäuse, Illus. Ztschr. Ent., Bd. 4, Nos. 8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22. Google Scholar5. ULMER G: Die Trichopteren-Literatur von 1903 (resp. 1907), bis Ende 1909, Ztschr. f. wissenschaftl. Insektenbiologie, 1911 and 1912. Google Scholar6. Personal communication. Google Scholar7. VORHIES CT: Trans. Wisconsin Acad. of Science, Vol. 16, 1909, page 647. Google Scholar8. Personal correspondence. Google Scholar9. SIBLEY CK: Studies on Trichoptera , Bull. of the Lloyd Library, Cincinnati, Ohio, No. 27, Entomological Series No. 5, 1926. Google Scholar10. PARLATO SJ: Emanations of flies as exciting causes of allergic coryza and asthma; study of atopic reagins of caddis fly, butterfly and moth, Jr. Allergy, 1932, iii, 459-468. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication March 2, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAllergy to caddis fly (Trichoptera)Allergy to caddis fly (Trichoptera)The aphid—An insect allergenAsthma from insect emanationsHypersensitivity to beetles (coleoptera)May fly (Ephemerida) hypersensitivityProgress in asthma 1 May 1934Volume 7, Issue 11Page: 1420-1430KeywordsAllergens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...