tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 12 Induces T-Cell Recruitment Into the Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Xiaoyu Zhang, Alexander Niessner, Takako Nakajima, Wei Ma-Krupa, Stephen L. Kopecky, Robert L. Frye, Jörg J. Goronzy, Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

CD4 T cells, through the release of cytokines as well as direct effector functions, have been implicated in promoting inflammation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque-infiltrating CD4 T cells include a specialized subset of (CD4+)CD28- T cells that express a unique profile of regulatory receptors and are responsive to novel microenvironmental cues. Here we report that (CD4+)CD28- T cells, either isolated from the plaque tissue or from the blood of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), spontaneously express interleukin (IL)-12 receptors, even in the absence of antigenic stimulation. (CD4+)CD28- IL-12R+ cells responded to IL-12 stimulation with the upregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and the C-type lectin receptor CD161, both implicated in regulating tissue homing of effector T cells. IL-12 treatment of (CD4+)CD28- T cells enhanced their chemotaxis and transendothelial migration toward the chemokine CCL5. In vivo relevance for the role of IL-12 in regulating the recruitment of (CD4+)CD28- T cells into the atheroma was examined in human atheroma-SCID mouse chimeras. Exposure of nonstimulated (CD4+)CD28- T cells to IL-12 was sufficient to amplify T-cell accumulation within the inflamed plaque, and coadministration of anti-CCR5 antibodies blocked T-cell recruitment into the plaque. Thus, (CD4+)CD28- T cells functionally resemble NK cells, which have proinflammatory activity even in the unprimed state and respond to any IL-12-inducing host infection with a shift in tissue trafficking and accrual in inflammatory lesions.
Results of Open Operation for Acquired Mitral-Valve Disease
Authors: F. Henry Ellis, John A. Callahan, Dwight C. McGoon, John W. Kirklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

VARIOUS technics are now available for the open correction of acquired mitral-valve disease. Reconstructive methods first introduced by Lillehei and his associates1 have been improved by others,2 3 4 5 6 7 but, more importantly, the clinical introduction of prosthetic valves8 9 10 has provided a solution to many technical problems that could not be resolved by reconstructive efforts. Opinions differ about the precise indications for open versus closed procedures on the mitral valve, and more particularly about the indications for replacement as opposed to reconstructive procedures when open operation is performed. In an effort to clarify some of these uncertainties, we have reviewed our total experience . . .
NHS medical director proposes two tier emergency service
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hospital emergency departments in England should be remodelled within the next five years to differentiate between smaller emergency centres and larger major trauma centres treating patients with the most serious needs, a major review has recommended.

The plan is the first plank of a major review of urgent and emergency care services led by NHS England’s medical director, Bruce Keogh,1 which was commissioned to help tackle the ongoing pressure on emergency departments and the wider NHS.

The first phase of the review, Transforming Urgent and Emergency Care Services in England ,2 proposes introducing the two levels of hospital based emergency care as part of a “system-wide transformation” over the next three to five years.

Under the plan, smaller units, provisionally called “emergency centres,” would …
Patients' prerogatives and perceptions of benefit
Authors: F. Kee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Patients today demand more information about their treatment. Doctors, however, seem reluctant to cast aside ingrained habits of paternalism, believing they can best interpret therapeutic choices for their patients. Whether doctors can be more objective and effective than patients in interpreting the "probabilities" of medical evidence is open to question. On the other hand, the exercise of choice by patients may itself have a bearing on the probabilities of outcome. Involving patients more in making therapeutic choices is justified if doctors can present options in an unbiased and effective manner and if the process improves the outcome of the care delivered.
Homoharringtonine in combination with cytarabine and aclarubicin resulted in high complete remission rate after the first induction therapy in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: J Jin, D-Z Jiang, W-Y Mai, H-T Meng, W-B Qian, H-Y Tong, J Huang, L-P Mao, Y Tong, L Wang, Z-M Chen, W-L Xu
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Acute stroke may predispose victims to cardiac problems
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Physicians caring for persons who have just suffered strokes may need to watch their patients' hearts as well as their brains. That's the message from a study reported by neurologist John W. Norris, MD, and Toronto colleagues at the recent Seventh International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation held in New Orleans. One hundred patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the intensive care stroke unit at Sunnybrook Medical Center, Toronto, were examined by Norris, neurologist Vladimir C. Hachinski, MD, and cardiologist Martin G. Myers, MD. The team looked for cardiac arrhythmias, elevation of cardiac enzyme levels (creatine kinase [CK-MB] and lactic dehydrogenase), and elevation of serum catecholamine levels. The same assessments were carried out in a group of 50 control patients—persons admitted to the unit with suspected stroke who turned out to have other problems. All measurements were made within 48 hours of admission to the unit.
Comparing cancer vs normal gene expression profiles identifies new disease entities and common transcriptional programs in AML patients
Authors: Nicolas Rapin, Frederik Otzen Bagger, Johan Jendholm, Helena Mora-Jensen, Anders Krogh, Alexander Kohlmann, Christian Thiede, Niels Borregaard, Lars Bullinger, Ole Winther, Kim Theilgaard-Mönch, Bo T. Porse
Journal: Blood (2013)
Clinical Lecture on Several Cases
Authors: None Paget
Journal: BMJ (1870)

rested.The superior and inferior petrosal sinuses were occupied by similar clots, and the cavernous sinus was likewise the seat of a suppu- rative phlebitis.The parts of the dura mater related to the petrous portion of the temporal bone, were thickened, easily detached, and, in places, actually separated by lymph from the bone beneath.It ap- peared, from the absence of foetor, and of discoloration or softening of the bone, that the lesion which caused death was essentially, not a caries, but a suppurative phlebitis of the sinuses of the skull, propagated through the cells of the mastoid bone from the inflamed mucous mem brane of the middle ear.It would further seem that the peculiar ocular phenomena, which suddenly appeared a few days before death, were due to the obstruction of the right cavernous sinus, which interfered, directly, with the venous circulation of the right eye, and, indirectly, with that of the left.CLINICAL LECTURE ON SEVERAL CASES.
Health economics: the end of clinical freedom?
Authors: A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A British professor of economics enters the debate within the medical profession over whether it is the doctor's duty to take costs into account when deciding what course of action to recommend for a patient. He surveys differing views on the subject, and concludes with an analysis of Raymond Hoffenberg's thesis in his book Clinical Freedom (London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1987), and the presentation of Williams' own position that doctors have absorbed economic considerations within what they would still regard as their own clinical judgment rather than recognizing such economic considerations as an external responsibility to society.
Variations in T Cell Subsets During Hyposensitization of Grass‐Sensitive Patients with Formaldehyde Modified Extracts
Authors: F. Anfosso, G. Alcaraz, D. Vervloetand, J. Charpin
Journal: Allergy (1982)

In atopic patients with clinical symptoms of hay fever, changes in T gamma and T mu cells were evaluated during desensitization. A significant increase in T mu and overall in T gamma cells was noted. These results suggested that T cell defect could be restored by desensitization treatment.
Clinical Etiquette: A Critical Primer
Authors: Thomas W. Furlow
Journal: JAMA (1988)

I observe the physician with the same diligence as he the disease. John Donne (1573-1631) REMARKABLY, the social standing and credibility of physicians as a group remain high despite the powerful leveling influences of the mass communications media and the relative abundance of health care in modern society. Even so, the influence that each physician exerts on a patient through personal appearance, word, and deed carries great weight in setting the tone and tenor of the individual physician-patient relationship. My experience in various academic hospitals during the past 20 years has convinced me that, in the rush to inculcate facts and skills into the physician in training,<i>how</i>the physician should deport himself or herself with the patient is all too often neglected. For this reason, I wish to offer a brief account of etiquette dealing with the manner and style in which the physician should interact with the patient.
The responsibility of the media.
Authors: Z. Cowen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

in management, preferably in the evenings or off site so that interruptions are minimised, are useful to work out tactics and strategy and are usually educational.There is no body of knowledge, such as is required for a medical qualification, that has to be gained by a clinician for management; thankfully, too, there are no exams worth taking, and we should restrict their creation.
A Small Interfering RNA Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits Ewing's Sarcoma Growth in a Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Hui Guan, Zhichao Zhou, Hua Wang, Shu-Fang Jia, Wenbiao Liu, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis and is a promising therapeutic target for cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator in vasculogenesis as well as in angiogenesis. TC71 human Ewing's sarcoma cells overexpress VEGF, with a shift in isoform production from membrane-bound VEGF189 to the more soluble VEGF165. Transfection of TC71 cells with a vector-based VEGF targeted small interfering RNA expression system (VEGFsi) inhibited VEGF165 expression by 80% and VEGF165 protein production by 98%, with no alteration in VEGF189 expression. Human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by conditioned medium from VEGFsi-transfected TC71 cells was significantly less than that induced by conditioned medium from TC71 cells and control vector-transfected TC71 cells. Furthermore, after s.c. injection into athymic nu/nu mice, the tumor growth of VEGFsi-expressing TC71 cells was significantly less than that of parental or control vector-transfected cells. Vessel density as assessed by CD31 immunohistochemical analysis and VEGF165 expression as assessed by Northern blotting were also decreased. Intratumor gene therapy with polyethylenimine/VEGFsi also resulted in tumor growth suppression. When inoculated into the tibias of nude mice, VEGFsi-expressing TC71 cells induced osteolytic bone lesions that were less severe than those induced by control groups. These data suggest that targeting VEGF165 may provide a therapeutic option for Ewing's sarcoma.
Toxic Tinkering — Lethal-Injection Execution and the Constitution
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In the 2008 U.S. Supreme Court case, Baze v. Rees, the Court ruled that Kentucky's three-drug protocol (sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride) for lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment and does not violate the U.S. Constitution. The author summarizes the seven separate opinions written by the justices and discusses the implications of the decision.
The T-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel Blocker Mibefradil Prevents the Development of a Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation by Tachycardia-Induced Atrial Remodeling in Dogs
Authors: Samir Fareh, Agnès Bénardeau, Bernard Thibault, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Ca 2+ overload is believed to play a role in tachycardia-induced atrial electrophysiological remodeling. L-type Ca 2+ channel blockers attenuate effective refractory period (ERP) changes caused by 24 hours of atrial tachycardia but may not substantially alter atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility. This study assessed the effects of the T-type Ca 2+ channel blocker mibefradil on tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling. Methods and Results —Dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (400 bpm) for 7 days were treated with mibefradil (100 mg/d, n=8) or matching placebo (n=10) in blinded fashion. Radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular conduction and ventricular pacing were used to control ventricular rate. Placebo dogs showed significant decreases in atrial ERP (76±5 ms at a cycle length of 300 ms) and increases in ERP heterogeneity (27.7±2.4%), AF duration (414±232 seconds), and AF inducibility by single extrastimuli (41±10% of sites) compared with 10 unpaced control dogs (ERP 114±3 ms, ERP heterogeneity 13.8±0.9%, AF duration 7±3 seconds, AF inducibility 1.9±1.0% of sites). The changes caused by atrial tachycardia were strongly attenuated in mibefradil dogs, with ERPs averaging 102±7 ms, ERP heterogeneity 18.8±1.4%, AF duration 3±1 seconds, and AF inducibility 9.6±4.0% of sites. Among mibefradil-treated dogs, ERP, AF duration, and inducibility correlated with plasma drug concentration. Acute mibefradil administration did not alter ERP or AF. Conclusions —Mibefradil, a drug with strong T-type Ca 2+ channel blocking properties, prevents AF-promoting electrophysiological remodeling by atrial tachycardia. These findings have important potential implications for the mechanisms of tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling and demonstrate the feasibility of preventing electrical remodeling caused by several days of atrial tachycardia.
Umbilical-Cord Ligation of an Acardiac Twin by Fetoscopy at 19 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Ruben A. Quintero, Harry Reich, Karoline S. Puder, Mordechai Bardicef, Mark I. Evans, David B. Cotton, Roberto Romero
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Twin reversed-arterial-perfusion sequence is a serious complication of monozygotic multiple gestations, affecting 1 percent of monozygotic twins, or 1 in 35,000 births1. It has been hypothesized that in the presence of artery-to-artery and vein-to-vein anastomoses in a monozygotic placenta, blood is perfused by the hemodynamically advantaged twin (“pump” twin) to the other twin (“recipient” twin) by means of retrograde flow2. Inadequate perfusion of the recipient twin is responsible for the development of a characteristic and invariably lethal set of anomalies, including acardia and acephalus. Typically, the pump twin is structurally normal, but it is at risk for in . . .
Surveillance of Antibiotic Use in a Community Hospital
Authors: Rocco Latorraca
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An ongoing system of antibiotic surveillance was initiated in a community hospital. The system was based on the guideline audits of antimicrobial use published by the Veterans Administration Ad Hoc Interdisciplinary Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Drug Usage. The surveillance is accepted well by the medical staff. It has proved to be cost-effective and educational. A changing pattern of antimicrobial drug use has been recognized that has resulted in decreased antimicrobial drug costs. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2585-2587, 1979)
Control of differentiation in BC3H1 muscle cells.
Authors: L Glaser, B Wice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

BC3H1 is a cell line that undergoes a musclelike pattern of differentiation under the appropriate conditions. We have examined the control of the synthesis of proteins characteristic of differentiated muscle in these cells as a function of their position in the cell cycle. We define two positions in the cell cycle where BC3H1 cells can remain stably quiescent. G1d is a restriction point early in the G1 portion of the cell cycle that permits the synthesis of muscle-specific proteins and is probably identical to G0. The second restriction point, G1q, occurs approximately 4 hr later in the G1 portion of the cell cycle and does not permit the synthesis of muscle-specific proteins. Movement of the cells from G1d to G1q occurs when fibroblast growth factor is added to the cells and is reversed when this growth factor is removed. Repression of the synthesis of muscle-specific proteins occurs when fibroblast growth factor is added to cells in G1d. In the case of the muscle form of creatine phosphokinase (M-CPK), the decline in the rate synthesis of this protein is a consequence of a decreased level of its mRNA. By contrast, the repression of alpha-actin synthesis, a protein synthesized only in differentiated cells, appears to be controlled at the translational level. The effect of fibroblast growth factor and other mitogens in these cells require activation of tyrosine kinase(s), but the intracellular targets of these kinases are not known. Studies by others suggest that activation of the ras oncogene can mimic the action of mitogenic polypeptides on these and other muscle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 3848: Cryopreserved, viable and architecturally intact lung tissue from patients as a model to study drug therapies.
Authors: Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Chadrick E. Denlinger, Ellen C. Riemer, Danforth A. Newton, E. Ellen Jones, Richard R. Drake, John E. Baatz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract RATIONALE: Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation have not appreciably improved lung cancer patient survival rates over the past 20 years. Preclinical anti-tumor efficacy testing models could be improved by being rapid, reliable and capable of demonstrating tumor responses to dosing (concentration/timing) and drug interactions, while accounting for inter-patient variation. High-throughput, 3D in vitro systems hold promise as such therapeutic models, but linking these models to clinical responses in patients has been a dilemma. METHODS: We developed a lung tissue cryopreservation/banking method that optimizes cell viability and maintains tissue architecture after thawing. This method involves the expansion-perfusion of fresh patient lung tissue samples with non-toxic cryoprotectant solutions, followed by controlled-rate freezing of samples. RESULTS: We used this method to cryopreserve lung tissues from multiple patients. Although inter-patient variability in lung tissue compliance was anticipated, a wide range of expansion volumes can be tolerated without architectural damage. In contrast, tissue integrity was more sensitive to variations in expansion-perfusion rates (as gauged by lymphatic expansion/tearing). Cryosubstitution demonstrated that crystal formation varies with cryoprotectant cocktail and region within the lung, but can be virtually eliminated under certain conditions. From thawed lung tissues, we have 1) isolated and expanded viable lung cell types; 2) isolated decellularized extracellular components; and, 3) reconstituted intact lung tissue with fluorescent-tagged lung tumor cells. We performed patient surgeries/preservations individually, thawing, processing and analysis of lung tissue from multiple patients was performed simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Cancer cell drug responses are being compared in lung tissues ex vivo versus on standard monolayer culture using advanced proteo-/lipidomic mapping techniques (including MALDI MS and DIGE). Comparing multiple patient-specific lung tissues simultaneously should afford patient population stratification based on molecular profiles and achieve more rapid methods for determining personalized clinical treatment regiments. Citation Format: Demetri D. Spyropoulos, Chadrick E. Denlinger, Ellen C. Riemer, Danforth A. Newton, E. Ellen Jones, Richard R. Drake, John E. Baatz. Cryopreserved, viable and architecturally intact lung tissue from patients as a model to study drug therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3848. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3848
Value of Skin Testing for Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Frank Perlman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In recent months a number of studies have been published on the value of skin testing for sensitivity to penicillin, especially with the use of various antigenic determinants. Several papers inThe Journal(Rytel et al,<b>186</b>: 894-898 [Dec 7] 1963, and Budd et al,<b>190</b>:203-205 [Oct 19] 1964) concur with the report of Parker and Thiel (abstracted,<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>58</b>:763, 1963) that penicilloylpolylysine provides a reliable preparation for the skin testing of patients with a positive history of immediate type sensitivity to penicillin. On the other hand, Siegel and Levine (<i>J Allerg</i><b>35</b>:488-498 [Nov-Dec] 1964) provided evidence that such a derivative gives negative skin-test reactions in a number of patients clinically sensitive, while potassium penicillin G produces marked immediate wheal. Finke et al (<i>Amer J Med</i><b>38</b>:71-82 [Jan] 1965) stated, "It may be that skin testing with penicillin G is a
FDG PET/CT Appearance of Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in the Gastric Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Authors: Mustafa Aras, Fuat Dede, Faysal Dane, Bilge Aktas, Halil Turgut Turoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Gastric primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a very rare tumor. There are only a few case reports in the literature. Although cases with FDG uptake in the portal venous tumor thrombus (PVTT) in different primary malignancies have been evaluated before, the coexistence of PNET and PVTT has not been reported yet. Herein, we report the case of a gastric PNET with PVTT, which resolved after 3 cycles of polychemotherapy except for a residual tumor focus in the gastric corpus.
Role of reactive oxygen species in reperfusion injury of the rabbit lung.
Authors: T P Kennedy, N V Rao, C Hopkins, L Pennington, E Tolley, J R Hoidal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have developed a model of reperfusion injury in Krebs buffer-perfused rabbit lungs, characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, microvascular injury, and marked lung edema formation. During reperfusion there was a threefold increase in lung superoxide anion (O2-) production, as measured by in vivo reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, and a twofold increase in the release of O2- into lung perfusate, as measured by reduction of succinylated ferricytochrome c. Injury could be prevented by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, the O2- scavenger SOD, the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase, the iron chelator deferoxamine, or the thiols dimethylthiourea or N-acetylcysteine. The protective effect of SOD could be abolished by the anion channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid, indicating that SOD consumes O2- in the extracellular medium, thereby creating a concentration gradient favorable for rapid diffusion of O2- out of cells. Our results extend information about the mechanisms of reperfusion lung injury that have been assembled by studies in other organs, and offer potential strategies for improved organ preservation, for treatment of reperfusion injury after pulmonary thromboembolectomy, and for explanation and therapy of many complications of pulmonary embolism.