tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in the Population Attributable Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Susan Cheng, Brian Claggett, Andrew W. Correia, Amil M. Shah, Deepak K. Gupta, Hicham Skali, Hanyu Ni, Wayne D. Rosamond, Gerardo Heiss, Aaron R. Folsom, Josef Coresh, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The extent to which the relative contributions of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) may have changed over time remains unclear. We studied 13 541 participants (56% women, 26% black) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, aged 52 to 66 years and free of CVD at exams in 1987 through 1989, 1990 through 1992, 1993 through 1995, or 1996 through 1998. At each examination, we estimated the population attributable risks (PAR) of traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking) for the 10-year incidence of CVD. Overall, the PAR of all risk factors combined appeared to decrease from the late 1980s to the late 1990s (0.58 to 0.53). The combined PAR was higher in women than men in 1987 through 1989 (0.68 versus 0.51, P<0.001) but not by the late 1990s (0.58 versus 0.48, P=0.08). The combined PAR was higher in blacks than whites in the late 1980s (0.67 versus 0.57, P=0.049), and this difference was more pronounced by the late 1990s (0.67 versus 0.48, P=0.002). By the late 1990s, the PAR of hypertension had become higher in women than men (P=0.02) and also appeared higher in blacks than whites (P=0.08). By the late 1990s, the PAR of diabetes mellitus remained higher in women than men (P<0.0001) and in blacks than whites (P<0.0001). The contribution to CVD of all traditional risk factors combined is greater in blacks than whites, and this difference may be increasing. The contributions of hypertension and diabetes mellitus remain especially high, in women as well as blacks. These findings underscore the continued need for individual as well as population approaches to CVD risk factor modification.
Advances in Targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade with MEK Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bret B. Friday, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The identification of intracellular signaling cascades important for the growth and survival of cancer cells has led to the development of targeted cancer therapeutics aimed at blocking these signals. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has a well-defined role in cancer biology and has been an important target in the development of targeted therapies. Recently, several small-molecule inhibitors of MAPK/extracellular signal–regulated kinase kinase (MEK), a key intermediary of MAPK signaling, have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials. Herein, we review the MAPK pathway, the development of small-molecule MEK inhibitors, and the results obtained to date with MEK inhibitors in human cancer trials.
Some progress in UK psychiatry
Authors: J. Moncrieff, P. Thomas, R. Huws
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Moynihan describes the defeated efforts of a group of psychiatrists to free the annual Congress of the Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists from drug company sponsorship.1 These psychiatrists can take heart from the fact that the British Royal College of Psychiatrists conducted its 2008 annual meeting without reliance on any industrial sponsorship. The success of the conference shows that a …
Two patients with unusual skin lesions and circulating antikeratinocyte cell surface antibodies: detection of antibodies to the intracellular domain of the pemphigus foliaceus antigen (desmoglein) by studies using fusion proteins
Authors: A. IDE, T. HASHIMOTO, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report two patients with unusual skin lesions, who had antikeratinocyte cell surface IgG autoantibodies in their sera. Immunoblot analysis of both a human epidermal extract and a bovine desmosome preparation revealed that the sera of both patients reacted exclusively with the 160‐kDa pemphigus foliaceus antigen (desmoglein). We further investigated the antigen molecule using bacterial fusion proteins produced by using bovine desmoglein cDNA, and found that both the sera reacted strongly and exclusively with the intracellular domain of the desmoglein. These results suggest that production of antidesmoglein autoantibodies in the present cases may be an epiphenomenon associated with damage to the keratinocyte cell membrane.
724 HEPATITIS B AND C CO-INFECTIONS IN TANZANIAN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: PREVALENCE, HBV GENOTYPES AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS
Authors: S. Kalluvya, C. Kasang, A. Balasiu, A. Stich, C. Majinge, A. Rethwilm, H. Klinker, B. Weissbrich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Garlic for Total Cholesterol Reduction
Authors: Clare Stevinson, Max H. Pittler, Edzard Ernst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters3 July 2001Garlic for Total Cholesterol ReductionClare Stevinson, BSc, MSc, Max H. Pittler, MD, and Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)Clare Stevinson, BSc, MScUniversity of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United Kingdom (Stevinson, Pittler, Ernst)Search for more papers by this author, Max H. Pittler, MDUniversity of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United Kingdom (Stevinson, Pittler, Ernst)Search for more papers by this author, and Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)University of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United Kingdom (Stevinson, Pittler, Ernst)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Lawson rightly points out that the results of our meta-analysis refer only to the use of garlic supplements and not the consumption of garlic per se. The question of interest was whether garlic supplements reduce cholesterol levels in patients with elevated levels to the extent that these supplements might be considered a treatment option for hypercholesterolemia, as suggested by previous data (1). This question is a pertinent one, given that garlic supplements are marketed for that purpose. Our results indicated that supplements probably do not reduce total cholesterol levels to a clinically meaningful degree, but clearly this ...References1. Warshafsky S, Kamer RS, Sivak SL. Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:599-605. [PMID: 0008363171] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lawson L. Tablet quality: a major problem in clinical trials with garlic supplements [Abstract]. Forsch Komplementärmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2000;7:45. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Clare Stevinson, BSc, MSc; Max H. Pittler, MD; Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP(Edin)Affiliations: University of Exeter; Exeter EX2 4NT, United Kingdom (Stevinson, Pittler, Ernst) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGarlic for Treating Hypercholesterolemia Clare Stevinson , Max H. Pittler , and Edzard Ernst Garlic for Total Cholesterol Reduction Larry D. Lawson Metrics Cited byOpinions and research priorities 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 66KeywordsCholesterolClinical trialsEatingHerbal medicineHypercholesterolemiaSystematic reviews ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Interleukin 23 Production by Intestinal CD103+CD11b+ Dendritic Cells in Response to Bacterial Flagellin Enhances Mucosal Innate Immune Defense
Authors: Melissa A. Kinnebrew, Charlie G. Buffie, Gretchen E. Diehl, Lauren A. Zenewicz, Ingrid Leiner, Tobias M. Hohl, Richard A. Flavell, Dan R. Littman, Eric G. Pamer
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates hepatic bile acid homeostasis via SREBP-2/HNF-4α/CYP7A1 axis
Authors: Yongfeng Song, Chao Xu, Shanshan Shao, Jun Liu, Wanjia Xing, Jin Xu, Chengkun Qin, Chunyou Li, Baoxiang Hu, Shounan Yi, Xuefeng Xia, Haiqing Zhang, Xiujuan Zhang, Tingting Wang, Wenfei Pan, Chunxiao Yu, Qiangxiu Wang, Xiaoyan Lin, Laicheng Wang, Ling Gao, Jiajun Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Natural family planning. The family planning method of the future.
Authors: M A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

condoms that are said to have burst were in fact never worn, and after panic headlines in the media packets of contraceptive pills may be impulsively thrown away.I believe that natural methods of family planning should be seen as one of many choices, with accurate teaching available from health professionals working in any family planning clinic or general practice.The sooner that natural methods stop being associated with the teaching of the Catholic church the better.
Timely triggering of homeostatic mechanisms involved in the regulation of T-cell levels in SIVsm-infected sooty mangabeys
Authors: Alagarraju Muthukumar, Dejiang Zhou, Mirko Paiardini, Ashley P. Barry, Kelly S. Cole, Harold M. McClure, Silvija I. Staprans, Guido Silvestri, Donald L. Sodora
Journal: Blood (2005)
The Pathology of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Charles D. Shields
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. Towbin is a pathologist with special experience in neuropathology in Germany and in the United States. His manual on "The Pathology of Cerebral Palsy" is concerned with the need to delineate fundamental organic processes in the brain in this disorder. The importance of the science of pathology in studying cerebral palsy is well presented. The disease is defined and clinical classifications are presented. Neonatal anoxia and other systemic disturbances of the fetus and newborn producing cerebral palsy are presented in an intelligent and orderly fashion. The common triad of mental deficiency, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy is the subject of a special chapter. Developmental defects of the brain receive appropriate attention. The book is printed on excellent paper, is well illustrated, and includes a good bibliography. It is written in a concise manner and handles clinical considerations in such a way that it will satisfy all physicians who are concerned
AN EXAMINATION INTO THE CLAIMS OF THE REF-LIGHT TREATMENT OF SMALLPOX.
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In a small book on "Phototherapy," written by Dr. Niels R. Finsen of Copenhagen, in 1901, he says: "In July, 1893, I proposed a new treatment for smallpox, which consists in placing the patients in rooms from which the chemical rays of the solar spectrum are excluded by interposing red glass or thick red cloth. The result of this method of treatment is that the vesicles, as a rule, do not enter on the stage of suppuration, and that the patients get well with no scars at all, or at most with extremely slight scarring." These claims, if correct, would prove the method to be of inestimable value, not only in preventing the disfigurement occasioned by smallpox, but in saving life, for, as is well known, death in smallpox nearly always results from the variolous septicemia caused by the cutaneous suppuration.
ACUTE NEPHRITIS FOLLOWING ACUTE TONSILLITIS
Authors: HANAU W. LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1910)

An experience with acute nephritis, following tonsillitis, during the winter of 1908-9, has brought two important facts to mind: Acute nephritis is a frequent sequel of tonsillitis. This is overlooked in practice by the great majority of practitioners. Pediatricians are perhaps more familiar with the associations of nephritis and tonsillitis than are general practitioners and laryngologists, but what I have observed during the past year has convinced me that this association is too little appreciated by any class of practitioners. On this account, it has seemed timely to bring the relation of these two conditions to the notice of laryngologists, not so much to add anything new as to present the known facts, and to draw inferences from them that are justifiable. The following cases are the first in which I have ever recognized the association of nephritis with tonsillitis: <h3>Case 1.—</h3> I. L., daughter of a physician, aged 13,
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Andrew J M Boulton, John Drury, Bernard Clarke, John P Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Nine patients with diabetic neuropathy were treated as outpatients with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Painful symptoms were scored on a 10-cm horizontal graphic rating scale; motor conduction velocity (MCV) was measured in the median and peroneal nerves; and vibration perception threshold (VPT) was recorded in the great toes. All investigations were repeated after 6 wk and at the completion of 4 mo of CSII. Improved diabetic control was confirmed by significantly lower mean blood glucose levels, M-values, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Symptomatic relief was noted by all patients and was accompanied by a significant improvement in pain scores. There was also significant improvement in VPT and MCV after 6 wk of CSII, which was maintained throughout the 4-mo period. However, sensory studies in the median nerve showed no significant changes during the study. It is concluded that strict glucoregulation is indicated in all cases of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. It remains to be seen whether strict diabetic control from diagnosis will lead to a reduction in the incidence of this complication.
Gamma Scintigraphy Using Tc-99m Labeled Antibody to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: ROBERT T. MORRISON, DONALD M. LYSTER, LAURA N. ALCORN, BUCK A. RHOOES, KENNETH BRESLOW, SCOTT W. BURCHIEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A case report is presented describing a 27-year-old woman with invasive trophoblastic hydatidiform mole metastatic to the lung. Gamma scintiscanning, using a polyclonal and monoclonal antibody specific to human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG, and labeled with Tc-99m, is described. The area of the primary lesion in the uterus was demonstrated with both antibodies tested without computer subtraction techniques; metastatic deposits in the lung were detected only with the aid of blood pool subtraction techniques.
Transcervical thymectomy and thymus remnants.
Authors: M Rosenberg, A J Roncoroni
Journal: BMJ (1981)

white blood cell and platelet counts, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and increased x2-globulin and decreased gammaglobulin concentrations.Liver function tests were grossly abnormal.Bone-marrow biopsy specimens were normal.Laparotomy showed an enlarged and abnormal liver, gross para-aortic lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly.Splenectomy, liver biopsy, and lymph-node biopsy showed Hodgkin's disease of mixed cellularity type.During his two-week stay in hospital for investigation, and before operation, his core temperature slowly but steadily fell to 29°C.Blood pressure also dropped to 60 mm Hg systolic and 40 mm Hg diastolic.There was no shivering.Laboratory investigations excluded hypothyroidism, hypoglycaemia, hypopituitarism, and hypoadrenalism as possible causes.There was no history of trauma or drug ingestion.Computed tomography of the brain showed no evidence of intracranial deposits.Blood culture showed no organisms, thus excluding possible causes of hypothermia.Combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard 10 mg, vincristine 2 mg intravenously on days 1 and 8, and procarbazine 150 mg and prednisone 40 mg by mouth daily for two weeks was started.Within a few days his temperature and blood pressure had returned to normal.After he had completed six courses, with a three-week interval between courses, mega- voltage radiotherapy to the para-aortic, common iliac, and external iliac lymph nodes was given using the inverted Y technique.He subsequently remained free of Hodgkin's disease, although he later developed necrosis of the head of the left femur.
Referrals to hospital by general practitioners.
Authors: D. A. Alexander, G. Hillis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Referrals to hospital by general practitioners SIR,-We have recently completed an extensive study into non-attendance for psychiatric ap- pointments, and several points emerge from a comparison of the findings of Dr Kieran JMcGlade and others' with ours.Their 20% level of overall non-attendance for initial appointments in all specialties is far higher than that we encountered for the Grampian region of Scotland.Our figure of 8% is more in keeping with that of Grace and Armstrong.2More striking is the discrepancy between their figures and ours for psychiatric non- attendance.In contrast to their 40% rate we found that only 234 out of 2771 (8 4%) first appointments were not kept.This difference may of course reflect the small number of patients in the Belfast study.Furthermore, it is interesting to note that, at least in Grampian, appointment default is no more common in psychiatry than in other specialties.There are, however, two points on which the
Somatic mutation of the MEN1 gene in parathyroid tumours
Authors: Christina Heppner, Mary Beth Kester, Sunita K. Agarwal, Larisa V. Debelenko, Michael R. Emmert-Buck, Siradanahalli C. Guru, Pachiappan Manickam, Shodimu-Emmanuel Olufemi, Monica C. Skarulis, John L. Doppman, Richard H. Alexander, Young S. Kim, Suraj K. Saggar, Irina A. Lubensky, Zhengping Zhuang, Lance A. Liotta, Settara C. Chandrasekharappa, Francis S. Collins, Alien M. Spiegel, A. Lee Burns, Stephen J. Marx
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Human fetal hepatocytes respond to inflammatory mediators and excrete bile
Authors: Joachim Bauer, Gabriella Lengyel, Swan N. Thung, Uwe Jonas, Wolfgang Gerok, George Acs
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Under strict observation of the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki Human Research Committee, primary hepatocyte cultures were prepared from second-trimester fetal liver specimens. We have shown for the first time that fetal hepatocytes have the capacity to produce an acute-phase response on treatment with inflammatory mediators. Addition of interleukin-6 to the cultures resulted in strong induction of C-reactive protein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin expression, whereas albumin expression was repressed. In contrast to interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta did not induce C-reactive protein expression. However, as in adult hepatocytes, fetal cells responded to transforming growth factor-beta by reduced albumin synthesis. We were able to show by virtue of fluorescein excretion into sealed clefts that fetal hepatocytes have the functional capacity to form bile. Our findings indicate that second-trimester hepatocytes can be regarded as fairly mature liver cells.
First phase of marriage.
Authors: J Dominian
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Married life may be divided into phases with different tasks, responsibilities, roles, and goals; each phase has factors that induce major difficulties. One of the best known ways of dividing up married life is the Duvall eight-stage life cycle,1 based on the age of the children: stage I, no children: stage 2, the birth of the oldest to 30 months; stage 3, 30 months to 6 years; stage 4, families with schoolchildren, oldest child 6-13 years; stage 5, oldest child 13-20 years; stage 6, families largely young adults ; stage 7, middle-aged parents (empty nest to retirement); stage 8, retirement to death of both spouses. A shorter classification has been proposed,2 in which the cycle is divided into three phases, and each phase composed of five factors: social, physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual. Phase I lasts from the mean age at marriage?which in 1976 was 25 T for men and 22-8 for women3?until 30. The maximum mean number of children for any group of women born this century is 2-4 and these are usually born by the time the woman is 30; hence this phase, which represents about the first five years of marriage, covers the years before and during the arrival of children. A second phase covers the years between 30 and 50, when the children are growing up and leaving home, and a third phase from 50 until the death of one spouse. The life of an American woman is similar to that of a British woman. She marries at about 21, has her first baby about two years later, and her last child before she is 30. Her last child marries before she is 50, and she then has about 17 years with her husband before his death.1 The husband reaches all these milestones two to three years later.
World Bank must do more to develop safe and sustainable transportation systems
Authors: I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In examinations of the World Bank's role in international health its influence on the development of transportation systems must not be overlooked.1 Each year about one million people die in road traffic accidents, with perhaps 10 million permanently disabled.2 And for most of the world the epidemic of road deaths and injuries is just beginning. It is estimated that by 2020 road …
THE MAINTENANCE OF A NORMAL PLASMA PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN SPITE OF REPEATED PROTEIN LOSS BY BLEEDING
Authors: C. W. Barnett, R. B. Jones, R. B. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. Experiments on five dogs are described consisting in the daily removal of blood plasma in amount from 25 to 100 cc. the red cells being returned to the circulation in Locke's solution. In no case was there a significant drop in plasma protein concentration. 2. A gravimetric method for the determination of total plasma protein is described. 3. A case is reported of cirrhosis of the liver in which over 10 gm. of protein daily was lost in the ascitic fluid during a period of 7 months without any lowering of plasma protein concentration. 4. The constancy of the plasma protein level and the adequacy of the mechanism of regeneration is pointed out.
High force development and crossbridge attachment in smooth muscle from swine carotid arteries.
Authors: P F Dillon, R A Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

In experiments designed to achieve maximal activation, the active force/cell cross-sectional area in tissues prepared from the swine carotid media was 6.7 +/- 0.3 (sd) X 10(5) N/m5. This value exceeds that reported for other vertebrate muscle cells and is striking because of the low smooth muscle myosin content. The hypothesis that high force generation may, in part, reflect an increase in the crossbridge duty cycle, i.e., the fraction of the cycle during which force is generated, was tested by determining the rate of force redevelopment after a step shortening and the ration of the load-bearing capacity of the contractile system to the developed stress during the course of isometric contractions. Maximal crossbridge cycling rates estimated by the rate of force redevelopment occurred 30 seconds after the onset of a high K+-induced contraction, and decreased thereafter, although the load-bearing capacity or maximum active stress was maintained. These results from isometric experiments support the hypothesis and provide further evidence that attached, non-cycling crossbridges contribute to force maintenance in tonically contracting arterial smooth muscle.