tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐6 Deficiency Corrects Nephritis, Lymphocyte Abnormalities, and Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome Features in Lupus‐Prone <i>Sle1.Yaa</i> Mice
Authors: Jacen S. Maier‐Moore, Christopher G. Horton, Shirley A. Mathews, Anthony W. Confer, Christina Lawrence, Zijian Pan, K. Mark Coggeshall, A. Darise Farris
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

To assess disease features in Sle1.Yaa mice with genetic interleukin-6 (IL-6) deficiency.Sera and tissues were collected from C57BL/6 (B6), Sle1.Yaa, and Sle1.Yaa.IL-6(-/-) mice and analyzed for various features of disease. Using serum samples, autoantibody specificities were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence, cytokine production was analyzed by Luminex and ELISA, and levels of blood urea nitrogen were determined by ELISA. Renal, lung, and salivary gland tissue sections were evaluated for pathologic changes. Lymphocyte phenotypes, including CD4+ T cell cytokine production, and those of follicular and extrafollicular T helper subsets, germinal center B cells, and plasma cells, were determined using flow cytometry.IL-6 deficiency not only ameliorated autoantibody production and renal disease in this model, but also effectively reduced inflammation of lungs and salivary glands. Furthermore, IL-6 deficiency abrogated differentiation of Th1 and extrafollicular T helper cells, germinal center B cells, and plasma cells in the spleen and eliminated renal T cells with IL-17, interferon-γ, and IL-21 production potential.Our findings highlight IL-6-mediated T cell aberrations in Yaa-driven autoimmunity and support the concept of therapeutic IL-6/IL-6 receptor blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome by impairing the production of autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration of the kidneys, lungs, and salivary glands.
The protein tyrosine kinase p56lck regulates thymocyte development independently of its interaction with CD4 and CD8 coreceptors [corrected]
Authors: S D Levin, K M Abraham, S J Anderson, K A Forbush, R M Perlmutter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The lck gene encodes a lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase of the nonreceptor type that is implicated in signal transduction pathways emanating from the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. Previous studies also support a role for p56lck in regulating T cell receptor beta gene rearrangements and, more generally, thymocyte development. Here we report that a mutant form of p56lck, which is incapable of interacting with CD4 or CD8, behaves indistinguishably from association-competent p56lck with respect to its ability to affect thymocyte maturation. The effects of p56lck remained specific in that the closely related src-family kinase p59hck was incapable of substituting for p56lck in arresting beta locus gene rearrangements. These data support the view that src-family kinases perform highly specialized and often nonoverlapping functions in hematopoietic cells, and that p56lck acts independently of its association with CD4 and CD8 to regulate thymocyte development.
The imPAHct of diagnosis delay in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Iain Armstrong, Carl Harries, Janelle Yorke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: With the availability of effective therapy, early diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is important; yet, early diagnosis remains difficult.  Aim: To investigate patients9 experiences of the trajectory to receiving a diagnosis of PAH.  Mixed-methods: UK national patient survey and in-depth interviews.  Results: 514 surveys analysed (most (83%) had been diagnosed with PAH from 2001 onwards. Interviews were conducted with 30 patients. Results are presented in 3 themes:  1) Symptom appraisal: 43% of survey respondents experienced symptoms (e.g. breathlessness) for more than one year before consulting a doctor. A process of appraising symptoms was apparent. As time progressed this period was punctuated by critical events that triggered seeking medical advice. 2) Process of elimination: Nearly half of the survey respondents (47%) were seen by four or more doctors before being diagnosed with PAH, a process taking on average more than 2 years. Once medical contact had been made patients described a period of 9elimination9 and convoluted contact with the medical profession. Misdiagnosis was common until in young and older patients. 3) Being diagnosed: Receiving a diagnosis of PAH was described as 9a whirl of good and bad9 and relief that it was 9not psychological9. Diagnosis disclosure often lacked empathy. Survey respondents noted quality of life and life expectancy as major concerns (60% and 55%, respectively).  Conclusion: The PAH diagnosis trajectory remains lengthy and burdensome. Our results emphasise the importance of an increasing awareness of this disease, to expedite the process of correct diagnosis and the referral of patients with PAH to specialised centres.
Salvage chemotherapy with paclitaxel for recurrent oligodendrogliomas.
Authors: M C Chamberlain, P A Kormanik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE A prospective phase II study of paclitaxel was performed in adult patients with recurrent hemispheric oligodendrogliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty adult patients (14 men and six women), ages 18 to 52 years (median, 40.5), with recurrent supratentorial hemispheric oligodendrogliomas were treated. All patients had previously been treated with surgery, involved-field radiotherapy (median dose, 55 Gy; range 54 to 55 Gy) and nitrosourea-based (procarbazine, lomustine [CCNU], and vincristine [PCV-3 regimen]) chemotherapy (median number of cycles, five; range, four to six). Fourteen patients were treated adjuvantly with radiotherapy and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy; six were treated at recurrence following initial gross total resection with reoperation (subtotal resection in all), radiotherapy, and nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. Paclitaxel was administered intravenously at a dose of 175 mg/m2 every 3 to 4 weeks with neurologic and neuroradiographic evaluation every 8 weeks. RESULTS A median of three cycles of paclitaxel (range, two to 10) were administered. All patients were assessable. Toxicity included partial alopecia (12 patients), thrombocytopenia (six), neutropenia (three), and anemia (one). One patient developed neutropenic fever without bacteriologic documentation and four required transfusion of blood products (RBCs, n = 2; platelet, n = 2). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Ten patients (50%) demonstrated either a neuroradiographic partial response (n = 3) or stable disease (n = 7), with a median response and stable disease duration of 10 months (range, 5 to 14). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel demonstrated modest efficacy with minimal toxicity in this pretreated cohort of adult patients with recurrent hemispheric oligodendrogliomas.
Scintigraphic appearance in Lysol-induced lung toxicity.
Authors: HUNG-SEN FU, YUM-KUNG CHU, SHU-QUINN LIAO, REN-SHYAN LIU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

FU, HUNG-SEN M.D.; CHU, YUM-KUNG M.D.; LIAO, SHU-QUINN M.D.; LIU, REN-SHYAN M.D. Author Information
Pulmonary Metastases From Autochthonous 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Murine Tumors
Authors: Hilda Wexler, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

In three experiments, 87%, 75%, and 85% of female C57BL/6N mice developed pulmonary metastases by 50 days after amputation of legs having autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. No difference in the incidence of pulmonary metastases was observed when autochthonous tumors of short (49–94 days) and longer (95–119 days) latency periods were compared. These metastasizing autochthonous tumors may provide a useful model for studies of metastases and for the evaluation of cancer therapy in a minimal residual disease setting.
Conservative management of genuine stress incontinence in women
Authors: V. Khullar, S. Salvatore, J. Bidmead, K. Anders, L. Cardozo, K. Bo, I. Holme, T. Talseth
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Bo et al’s study comparing the various methods used in the conservative management of genuine stress incontinence has several flaws, which may mislead readers.1 The study has been described as pragmatic, reflecting current practice. This view is undermined by the instructions to the women in the vaginal cone and electrical stimulation groups not to perform pelvic floor exercises while using their treatments; this does not reflect current clinical practice. In a prospective randomised study comparing the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises in combination with vaginal cones and pelvic floor exercises alone the combination of the two treatments was significantly more efficacious than either alone.2

In a prospective randomised study comparing the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises in combination with vaginal cones, vaginal cones alone, and vaginal electrical stimulation alone, again the combination of two techniques produced greater improvement in urinary incontinence.3

We are also concerned about the differing numbers of visits to a therapist for each group. The pelvic floor exercise group had weekly visits whereas the other groups were seen monthly. This would introduce bias; Wyman et al proposed that the specific conservative treatments are not as important as having frequent contact with the patients, with education and counselling.4 Thus the pelvic floor exercise group should have a better response to treatment owing to the increased time they had with a therapist.
The use of a biologic topical haemostatic agent (TachoSil ® ) for the prevention of postoperative bleeding in patients on antithrombotic therapy undergoing thyroid surgery: A randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Enrico Erdas, Fabio Medas, Francesco Podda, Silvia Furcas, Giuseppe Pisano, Angelo Nicolosi, Pietro Giorgio Calò
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
CXCR4 Is Required for Leukemia-Initiating Cell Activity in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Diana Passaro, Marta Irigoyen, Claire Catherinet, Stéphanie Gachet, Cindy Da Costa De Jesus, Charlène Lasgi, Christine Tran Quang, Jacques Ghysdael
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
A Murine Model for Central Nervous System Leukemia and Its Possible Relevance to Human Leukemia2
Authors: Richard G. Lynch, Gerald Medoff, Fred Valeriote
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Treatment of a transplantable leukemia in AKR mice with both amphotericin B and 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cured a significant percentage of animals with advanced disease. Some long-term survivors developed paralysis, and they invariably demonstrated central nervous system (CNS) leukemia. Some of these animals had a systemic relapse of their leukemia, and the CNS appeared to act as a focus for systemic dissemination. The occurrence patterns and histo-pathologic features of the CNS leukemia in the long-term survivors were strikingly similar to those observed in humans with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Inefficacy of dacarbazine, mitomycin C, and hepatic irradiation in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: B J Smith, M Evans, K Hellmann, R Jones, K Newton, N Peters, R H Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

A regimen combining hepatic irradiation and intravenous dacarbazine and mitomycin C for treating colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases offers no advance in the management of patients with this disease.
Experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Raj Kumar, William B. Hood, Julio Joison, John C. Norman, Walter H. Abelmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Acute myocardial infarction causes depression of left ventricular function, but the capacity of the ventricle to recover from such an injury remains unknown. This problem was explored by measuring left ventricular function in eight intact conscious dogs before, 1 hr after, and again 6-8 days after myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction was produced using a technique which entails gradual inflation over an average period of 1 hr of a balloon cuff previously implanted around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Occurrence of anterior wall infarction was detected electrocardiographically and later confirmed by postmortem examination. Left ventricular function was evaluated from the relationship between left ventricular developed pressure (left ventricular peak systolic pressure minus left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during transient aortic occlusion with a balloon catheter. Left ventricular function curves were obtained by plotting left ventricular-developed pressure at increasing left ventricular end-diastolic pressures up to 50 mm Hg. Acute myocardial infarction caused marked depression of left ventricular function measured 1 hr after onset of infarction, but 1 wk later all eight animals showed improvement with return of function toward the control levels. A small but significant descending limb was noted at left ventricular end-diastolic pressures above 35 mm Hg. Quantitatively, the descending limb was similar before, 1 hr after, and 1 wk after myocardial infarction. Hemodynamic data revealed evidence of left ventricular failure in all animals, but variability in individual hemodynamic parameters was noted. The data indicate that the marked depression of left ventricular function observed immediately after experimental acute myocardial infarction undergoes considerable resolution within 1 wk, but that functional recovery remains incomplete.
Enhancement of Urethan Induction of Hepatomas in Mice by Prior Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: C. F. Hollander, P. Bentvelzen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Urethan (25 mg dissolved in distilled water) was injected into strain C3H/HeA male mice 2 months of age. The mice were killed 13 months later. Eleven of thirty-six animals developed a hepatoma. Only 4% of the untreated males had developed a hepatoma at that age, which indicates that urethan accelerates hepatoma development if injected into adult mice. Two groups were partially hepatectomized at 2 months of age. Urethan was injected into the first group 7 days before the operation and into the second group, 4 days thereafter. In the first group, 18 of 36 mice developed one or more hepatomas (average 0.7/mouse), and in the second group, 16 of 19 (average 1.1/mouse). It is concluded that rapid liver proliferation following partial hepatectomy enhances urethan carcinogenesis in the mouse liver. In the three groups, a pulmonary tumor incidence of 83, 75, and 79% was found, the average number of tumors per mouse being 1.3, 1.7, and 1.6, respectively. Partial hepatectomy apparently does not influence the development of these lesions.
PD-013 A study level meta-analysis of efficacy data from head-to-head first-line trials of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) vs bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
Authors: V. Heinemann, F. Rivera, B. O'Neill, R. Koukakis, J.H. Terwey, J.Y. Douillard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Validation of the global lung function initiative spirometry reference equations in preschool Spanish children
Authors: Antonio Moreno, Carlos Martín de Vicente, Ines de Mir, Alba Torrent, Sandra Rovira, Silvia Gartner, Janet Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction. Recent publication of multi-ethnic spirometry reference equations for Caucasian subjects from 3-95 years aim to avoid age-related discontinuities and provide a worldwide standard for interpreting spirometric test results.  Objective. To assess the agreement of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations (Quanjer; Eur Respir J 2012) to Spanish preschool lung function data, to verify the appropriateness of this reference for clinical use in Spanish preschool children.  Methods. Spirometric measurements were obtained at 10 randomly selected schools from Barcelona (Spain) in children aged 3 to 6 years. Stanojevic’s quality control criteria (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009) were applied, selecting only manoeuvres with rapid onset of expiration, repeatability and free from artifact, cough or glottic closure. Z-scores were calculated for the spirometry outcomes based on the GLI-white equations. If there was no offset between the reference and test populations, the mean (SD) z-scores of the test population would be 0 (1). A difference of ≥ 0.5 z-score was considered to be clinically significant.  Results. Of 543 children recruited, 405 (74.6%) were ‘healthy’ of whom 380 were Caucasians. Of these 81.6% (169 females, 141 males) performed technically acceptable and reproducible manoeuvres.  Conclusions. GLI equations are appropriate for Spanish preschool children. These data provide further evidence to support widespread application of the GLI reference equations.
Clinical implications of serum procalcitonin in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gamal Agmy, Yasser Ahmed, Shahban Helal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  A reliable test for differentiation between bacterial and nonbacterial AECOPD would be extremely helpful in management of AECOPD.   Objective:  To explore the diagnostic and prognostic role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in AECOPD.   Methods:  A total of 100 patients with AECOPD and 20 of healthy individuals were studied. On presentation, serum PCT concentration was measured, and quantitative sputum culture was performed for AECOPD. The patients were reevaluated when they had reached their stable clinical state.Pathogenic bacterial microorganism (PBM) was regarded as significant if they were ≥ 10 5  CFU/ml. The patients were classified into two subgroups: group A; patients with bacterial AECOPD (n = 40), and group B; patients with nonbacterial AECOPD (n = 60).   Results:  On presentation, The levels of PCT for patients of group A [1.59±0.52 μg/L] were significantly > group B [0.11±0.02 μg/L] and control group [0.75±0.03 μg/L]. When they had reached their stable state, the levels of PCT for patients of group A decreased to [0.12±0.04 μg/L], which was significantly    Conclusion:  In patients presented with AECOPD, PCT is an excellent diagnostic and prognostic marker of bacterial infection.
Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Patients with Pure Seminoma
Authors: U. Rüther, B. Rothe, K. Grunert, H. Bader, R. Sessler, C. Nunnensiek, J. Rassweiler, M. Lüthgens, F. Eisenberger, P. Jipp
Journal: European Urology (1994)
Clara cells protein 16 (CC-16) level correlates with hemoglobin level in COPD patients
Authors: Adam Nowinski, Damian Korzybski, Beata Bialas-Chromiec, Dorota Gorecka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Anemia secondary to systemic inflammation is a common co-morbidity associated with COPD. Clara cells secretory protein 16 is potential clinical biomarker of alveolar injury in COPD patients.  Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between COPD severity, serum hemoglobin levels, serum CC-16 levels and C-reactive protein.  Methods: One center longitudinal prospective study in COPD patients was designed. COPD patients treated in respiratory department were studied. Serum levels of CC-16, C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (Hb) and iron (Fe) were assessed.  Results: 61 COPD patients were analyzed. Results of biochemistry parameters stratified according to GOLD stages and category groups are shown in the table (*p  There was significant correlation between CC-16 and Hb (r=0.34, p  Conclusions: CC-16 protein is potential biomarker in COPD with unclear possible relationship with anemia in COPD patients.
Anticancer Drugs: Effect on the Cloning of Raji Lymphoma Cells in Soft Agar
Authors: P C Wu, R F Ozols, M Hatanaka, C W Boone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The effect of 11 anticancer drugs on the ability of Raji lymphoma cells to form colonies in soft agar was determined with the use of both a 1-hour and a continuous drug exposure. Three distinct patterns of drug sensitivities were observed: a) Dactinomycin, adriamycin, bleomycin, mitomycin C, vincristine, and cis-platinum II all produced a dose-dependent reduction in colony formation following a 1-hour exposure, which was further augmented by a continuous exposure to the drugs; b) the antimetabolites (methotrexate, beta-cytosine arabinoside, and 5-fluorouracil) and pentamethylmelamine had no suppressive effects on colony formation with a 1-hour exposure, but they produced marked cytotoxicity with continuous drug exposure; and c) L-phenylalanine mustard had the same degree of colony suppression with both a 1-hour and a continuous drug exposure. Preincubation of Raji cells with an enzyme mixture (DNase + pronase + collagenase) did not alter the degree of colony suppression observed with the anticancer drugs. These results indicate that continuous drug exposure should be compared to a 1-hour drug incubation to determine in vitro drug sensitivities of fresh human tumors in the soft agar clonogenic assay, because the 1-hour drug exposure may not identify certain drugs that are potentially clinically active.
Allergic rhinitis' impact on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
Authors: H. Pite, J. Marques, M.J. Paes, C.C. Martinho, A.R. Dias, A.M. Silva, C. Leitao, L. Almeida, M. Escaleira, P.V. Cardoso, R. Pinto-Basto, P. Pinto, C. Barbara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  According to ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), OSA has been associated with nasal disturbances, however the relationship between Immunoglobulin E-mediated Allergic Rhinitis (IgEAR) and OSA is not fully determined.   Objectives:  To analyse the impact of IgEAR on OSA.   Methods:  Patients (pts) referred to a sleep clinic performed overnight polysomnography during the month of August. Two indicators of rhinitis were considered for diagnosis: having a previous rhinitis diagnosis or having two or more nasal symptoms in the last 12 months. If present, Skin Prick Tests (SPT) to common aeroallergens were performed. IgEAR was considered when nasal symptoms were accompanied by positive SPT, whereas Non-IgE mediated Rhinitis (NIgER) occurred with negative SPT.   Results:  From 68 consecutive pts, OSA was diagnosed in 52 (77%), 75% male; mean age: 58 years old. 67% of OSA pts had rhinitis. The frequency of IgEAR and NIgER among OSA pts was 38% and 29%, respectively; 21% had a IgEAR diagnosis and 8% had taken drugs for this disease. Most pts had persistent (60%) and moderate-severe (75%) IgEAR symptoms. Most frequent nasal symptoms were sneezing and nasal pruritus (90%). Pts with IgEAR had significantly more severe OSA than pts with NIgER (p=0.03), with no differences in age, gender, obesity or sleep symptoms between groups. Those with more severe IgEAR symptoms had higher AHI (p=0.04).   Conclusions:  A high frequency of IgEAR was found among OSA pts (38%), which was underdiagnosed and undertreated. These pts had more severe OSA than patients with NIgER; their nasal symptoms severity was associated with higher AHI. The evaluation of IgEAR in OSA pts may contribute to improve these patients9 clinical approach.
In the beginning was the diagnosis: Manual of rheumatology and outpatient orthopedic disorders. Diagnosis and therapy.
Authors: F A WOLLHEIM
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Manual of rheumatology and outpatient orthopedic disorders. Diagnosis and therapy. 4th ed. Eds Stephen A Paget, Allan Gibofsky, John F Beary III. (Pp 592; £36-95.) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000. ISBN 0-7817-1576-8.

The Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City has for many years ranked high among teaching and research institutions in rheumatology, and is where numerous American and European rheumatologists spent important formative years. This book is co-authored by almost 70 contributors who are or have been members of this institution. They have succeeded in producing a brief, balanced, and rather complete coverage of both common and unusual conditions. There are few illustrations and the text is by necessity dry, so this is not an alternative to an in depth textbook, but rather a complement and help for the student, …