tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diaphragmatic dysfunction in interstitial lung disease: An ultrasonography study
Authors: Pauliane Vieira Santana, Elena Prina, Renata Pletsch, Jeferson Ferreira, Mayra Caleffi Pereira, Andre Apanavicius, Patricia Trevisan, Andre P. Albuquerque, Carlos Roberto R. Carvalho, Pedro Caruso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : using non-volitional tests, respiratory muscle dysfunction has recently been implicated in exercise limitation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). However ultrasound (US) evaluation of diaphragm has not been already described in these patients.  Aims:  In ILD patients, we evaluated the diaphragm with US and correlated these findings with pulmonary functional tests.  Methods:  In ten ILD patients, we performed US of the right diaphragm to evaluate mobility during quiet breathing (QB) and deep breathing (DB) and thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC) and at total lung capacity (TLC). We compared these results with 12 healthy volunteers. All patients performed spirometry.  Results:  The mean age of the patients was 58 years (±15 SD) and the mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 57.4±18% of the predicted. In ILD patients, the motion of right diaphragm during DB is decreased when compared to volunteers (4.4±1,87 cm vs 7.48±0.81 p Conclusions:  In patients with ILD, the diaphragmatic mobility is reduced during deep breathing and this reduction is strongly correlated with the pulmonary volume.
Effect of tobacco on the pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sameh Farah, Manel Hdiji, Chiraz Aichaouia, Salsabil Dabboussi, Zied Moetamri, Samira Mhamdi, Abderrazek Haddaoui, Mohsen Khadraoui, Rzeik Cheikh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Tobacco increases the risk of pulmonary infection, especially tuberculosis.

Objective: To determine the effect of pulmonary tuberculosis on clinical expression of the tuberculosis and its delay diagnosis.

Materiel and methods: It's a comparative study between two groups of patients hospitalized in our department between January 2008 and June 2010.

Results: The first group was made of 37 smokers patients hospitalized because of confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. The second group consists of 37 non smokers patients and also hospitalized because of confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. Delay of diagnosis was shorter in the group of smokers (42 days versus 78 days).Cough and dyspnea were are more found at the smoker's (86% versus 82%). The biological investigations showed a high level of white blood cells with predominance of neutrophil cells especially in smokers (20 versus 10) and smokers were more likely to be smear-positive(21 versus 17). Chest X ray showed essentially nodules in both groups. These nodules were bilateral in the group of smokers (22 versus 14). The duration of the treatment was longer at the smokers (7 months versus 6, 5 months). Evolution after antituberculosis treatment was favourable for all patients. The complications as the lung fibrosis (2 versus 1) were more among smokers than non-smokers

Conclusions: The Smoking was not associated with delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.
Inflammatory breast cancer: a review.
Authors: I A Jaiyesimi, A U Buzdar, G Hortobagyi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The natural history of inflammatory breast cancer and the recent advances in its management were reviewed. DESIGN The English medical literature from 1924 to 1990 was reviewed using the Cancerline and Medline retrieval systems, and through a manual review of bibliographies of identified articles. RESULTS The majority of patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated only with local therapies died 18 to 24 months after diagnosis. A combined modality approach with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy has improved disease-free and overall survival rates for inflammatory breast cancer. Approximately 35% to 55% of patients treated with combined modality regimens remain disease-free and alive at 5 years. CONCLUSION Induction combination chemotherapy administered with radiation therapy, mastectomy, both, or with additional chemotherapy favorably alters the natural history of inflammatory breast cancer. New drug combinations and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support are being evaluated to improve further patient survival.
Abstract 21237: Impact of Physical Fitness on Left Atrial Size in a Bi-racial Cohort of Young Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Celina M Yong, Elyse Foster, Eveline Oestreicher Stock, Stephen Sidney, Kofo O Ogunyankin, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Left atrial enlargement (LAE) has been studied as a compensatory response to increased left heart filling pressures. While pathologic LAE is associated with abnormal diastole and poor o...
Effects of aerobic exercise training in cytokines levels on muscle of mice exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Alessandra Toledo, Flavia Guarnier, Camila Suehiro, Renato Magalhães, Rodolfo Vieira, Mílton Martins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Smoking has been shown to increase inflammatory biomarkers and exercise can influences this response. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of physical training on cytokines levels on muscle of mice exposure to cigarette smoke. Methods: C57Bl6 mice were divided into 4 groups: Control, Smoke, Exercise and Smoke/Exercise. Smoke groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 30min/day (twice), 5days/week for 4 weeks. Exercise groups were trained at moderate intensity for 60min/day, 5days/week for 4 weeks. TNFa, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured on muscle by ELISA. Results: IL6 and IL-10 increased after 4 weeks in Exercise and Smoke/Exercise groups (p
Slipped-strand mispairing: a major mechanism for DNA sequence evolution.
Authors: G Levinson, G A Gutman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

Simple repetitive DNA sequences are a widespread and abundant feature of genomic DNA. The following several features characterize such sequences: (1) they typically consist of a variety of repeated motifs of 1-10 bases--but may include much larger repeats as well; (2) larger repeat units often include shorter ones within them; (3) long polypyrimidine and poly-CA tracts are often found; and (4) tandem arrangements of closely related motifs are often found. We propose that slipped-strand mispairing events, in concert with unequal crossing-over, can readily account for all of these features. The frequent occurrence of long tandem repeats of particular motifs (polypyrimidine and poly-CA tracts) appears to result from nonrandom patterns of nucleotide substitution. We argue that the intrahelical process of slipped-strand mispairing is much more likely to be the major factor in the initial expansion of short repeated motifs and that, after initial expansion, simple tandem repeats may be predisposed to further expansion by unequal crossing-over or other interhelical events because of their propensity to mispair. Evidence is presented that single-base repeats (the shortest possible motifs) are represented by longer runs in mammalian introns than would be expected on a random basis, supporting the idea that SSM may be a ubiquitous force in the evolution of the eukaryotic genome. Simple repetitive sequences may therefore represent a natural ground state of DNA unselected for coding functions.
Obesity influences inflammatory phenotype mainly in early onset severe asthmatics
Authors: Federica Novelli, Letizia Vergura, Manuela Latorre, Elena Bacci, Maria Laura Bartoli, Silvana Cianchetti, Federico Lorenzo Dente, Antonella Di Franco, Pierluigi Paggiaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background   The phenotype of asthma is influenced by age of onset, with late-onset asthmatics showing more obstruction and eosinophilia. Recently, a study (Holguin, 2011) showed that obese asthmatics with early-onset asthma had more airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exacerbation risk, with no difference in inflammatory markers.   Aim   To evaluate if obesity influences clinical, functional and inflammatory markers in early or late onset severe asthma.   Methods and Results   We studied 73 severe asthmatics (mean age 59.3±11.2 yrs, 65.8% female, 61.6% never smokers; 67.1% atopic) . All patients performed spirometry and collection of sputum for inflammatory cells. Control of asthma was evaluated by Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the exacerbation rate in the last year. The comparison between patients divided in weight class (BMI 30) shows a difference in sputum eosinophilia (median 51.3% vs 12.6% vs 10.4%, p=0.05) and control of symptoms (patients with ACT   Conclusions   The body weight influences airway eosinophilia and control of asthma. In early-onset asthmatics, the weight gain seems associated with a reduction of airway eosinophilia, while in late-onset asthmatics the airway eosinophilia is not strongly influenced by body weight, suggesting a different pathogenetic mechanism.
A targeted intervention for depression initiated during pulmonary rehabilitation improves adherence to exercise, mood and dyspnea after acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)
Authors: Richard Novitch, Jo Anne Sirey, Patrick Raue, Joanna Seirup, Dimitris Kiossis, Samiran Gosh, Dora Kanellopoulos, George Alexopoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Co morbid depression can adversely impact quality of life in COPD and may contribute to failures in treatment adherence. AECOPD are often associated with disease progression, alterations in mood and advancing disability. Patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility after AECOPD and were screened for major depressive disorder (MDD) with the 17 item Hamilton Depression Scale (Score≥14) and the SCID/DSM-IV. Patients identified with MDD where then randomized to a Treatment as Usual group (TAU) or an intervention group focused on working with a care manager in the community after discharge (PID-C). Dyspnea was rated using the PFSDQ-M.  The treatment9s beneficial effect on dyspnea is particularly encouraging in this cohort of patients with advanced COPD, mortality=22.5% in 52 weeks with a propensity to neglect treatment because of physical discomfort, demoralization, and the high demands of their exercise program. The study’s findings are encouraging because they suggest that adherence enhancement is both feasible, effective and offers a greater reward in terms of decreased symptoms (dyspnea) when maintenance activity is coupled with the care management intervention.  NIMHR01HLB071992P30;MH068638P30MH085943;Sanchez Foundation;Will Rogers Institute.
Effects of Murine Tumors Upon Delayed Hypersensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene. II. Transitory Delayed Hypersensitivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: J. Milburn Jessup, Max H. Cohen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

A model for the study of tumor-induced nonspecific suppression of delayed hypersensitivity was developed in BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic transplantable tumors. Twelve or more days after tumor inoculation, tumor-bearing and normal mice were given injections of 2 mg dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). One hind footpad was challenged 7 or 10 days later with 0.05 mg DNCB in 50% DMSO. Footpads were measured 24 hours later with a micrometer. Mice whose tumors spontaneously regressed had normal footpad responses to DNCB, whereas mice bearing progressively growing tumors had suppressed footpad responses when these mice were challenged 10 days after DNCB sensitization. When challenged 7 days after DNCB sensitization, tumor-bearing mice had positive footpad responses. Because tumor burdens that varied from 1 to 16% of body weight were equally suppressive, the suppression of footpad response seen 10 days after DNCB sensitization was not associated with advancing tumor burden. In other experiments, sera and spleen cells were passively transferred from tumor bearers to normal recipients who were simultaneously sensitized to DNCB. Spleen cells could inhibit sensitization to DNCB if they were harvested from tumor bearers 13–24 days after tumor initiation. If collected more than 25 days after tumor inoculation, spleen cells lost this inhibitory activity. If harvested 25 or more days after tumor initiation, sera similarly inhibited sensitization to DNCB in normal recipients. The results indicated that delayed hypersensitivity was initiated in tumor-bearing mice but that the expression of delayed hypersensitivity could be inhibited by cellular and humoral factors.
Are there any similarities between the skin and the blood tests with CFP10-ESAT6 in tuberculosis patients?
Authors: Natalia Makarova, Tatyana Vaneeva, Nailya Kulikovskaya, Vitalii Litvinov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Some new TB patients can have negative results with specific antigens tests. We estimated a skin test with a recombinant protein combination of CFP10-ESAT6 and evaluated blood levels of IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-2 in ELISA after induction with CFP10-ESAT6-TB7.7 antigens in TB patients blood.  Methods: 36 new TB patients enrolled (mean 32,7 years old), 16 (44%) had destruction in lung tissue, 16 (44%) had more than 2 lung segments involved, 7 (19,4%) were Drug Resistant-TB (MBT+DR+), 13 (36,1%) - sputum positive without DR (MBT+DR-) and 16 (44,4%) – sputum negative (MBT-). In 7 (19,4%) patients negative skin test result was obtained – no reaction after 72h of intradermal injection. IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-2 were evaluated in ELISA after 24h incubation with ESAT-6-CFP-10-TB7.7. T cells subpopulations in peripheral blood were estimated by flow cytometry analysis. Results: Of 7 TB patients with negative skin test 5 had destruction in lung tissue, 3 had more than 2 lung segments involved, 3 were sputum positive, 1 had resistance to S,H. There were no significant differences in groups. We received no differences in T cells subpopulations in positive and negative skin test patients. Patients with negative skin test had statistically lower levels of IFN-g (10,2±6,02 vs 114,3±27,4 in positive; Mann-Whitney Test p=0,029), TNF-a (0,89±0,9 vs 316,3±115,0; Mann-Whitney Test p=0,006), IL-2 (13,9±9,1 vs 164,5± 40,6; Mann-Whitney Test p=0,017).  Conclusion: We obtained significant correlation between negative skin results with the recombinant protein combination of CFP10-ESAT6 and low levels of IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-2 in blood after the induction with similar antigens in ELISA.
A tuberculosis-screening program among HIV-infected patients
Authors: Filipa Viveiros, Margarida Mota, Luis Matos, Aurora Carvalho, Raquel Duarte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. Its early detection and treatment is a known priority. In 2008 a tuberculosis-screening program among newly diagnosed HIV patients was implemented in a Central Hospital Infectious Unit.   Aim:  Evaluate the screening program, addressing compliance, case detection and potentially prevented cases.   Methods:  A before-after intervention study was performed. Analyzed all newly diagnosed HIV patients between 2007-2008 (before) and 2009-2010 after the program was implemented. Screening included: symptom inquiry, chest radiography, two-step tuberculin skin test and IGRA. Sputum smear and culture were performed when TB was suspected.   Results:  From 2007 to 2010, 152 patients were diagnosed with HIV (88 in 2007-2008 and 64 in 2009-2010) 75% men, mean age 38,5 y. The before vs after group: 24 (27,6%) vs 36 (57,1%) were injecting drug users (OR: 3.42. CI95%: 1.73 to 6.77); 35 (40,2%) vs 11 (17,5%) had heterosexual risk (OR: 0.31. CI 0.14 to 0.68) and 18 (20,7%) vs 3 (4,7%) homosexual (OR:0. 19. CI0.05 to 0.68). 4 vs 11 patients had a known contact with TB (OR: 4.35. CI: 1.32 to 14.39) and 2 vs 7 a previous history of TB (OR5.28. CI: 1.06 to 26.33). Screening for TB was done in 69 patients, 21 (23,8%) in the first and 48 (75%) in the second period. LTBI was diagnosed in 3 vs 11 patients (OR: 5.88, CI: 1.57 to 22.06) and active TB was found in 11 vs 21 patients (OR: 3.42, CI:1.51 to 7.76).   Conclusions:  The screening program allowed the early identification of more cases of active TB and LTBI. Screening compliance increased, but there were still 25% of HIV patients in the second period that failed screening. Strategies to increase this compliance must be find.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in different periods of training in winter sports athletes, relationship with respiratory NO production
Authors: Lidiya Nikitina, Svetlana Soodaeva, Igor Klimanov, Timur Li, Yulia Petrovskaya, Fedor Petrovskiy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Skiers aged 12 – 19 were studied in precompetitive (n=78) and competitive (n=92) periods. Pulmonary function test was analyzed at baseline and 1, 5, and 10 minutes after the training or competition at subfreezing temperature. FeNO was measured in the exhaled air pre and between 1 and 5 min after the exercise.  6,4% and 6,5% of athletes in competitive and precompetitive periods respectively had a post exercise decrease in FEV1 of ≥ 10%. Pre- and post-exercise FEV1, PEF, MMEF25-75 were significantly higher in EIB-negative athletes. Baseline and post exercise FeNO levels were 12,6 ppb and 10.4 ppb, respectively, in precompetitive period; 15,8 ppb and 13,9 ppb in competitive phase. Most athletes had a post exercise decrease in FeNO (64.1% and 73.9% of athletes in competitive and precompetitive periods, respectively). Gender differences in exhaled NO level changes after the exercise testing were determined in competitive period (-10.6% in males and +28.3% in females). In athletes with the decreased post exercise FeNO level the mean change was -27.6% from the baseline, in contrast to +47,2% increase in those who had a post exercise FeNO level unchanged or increased (precompetition). The same tendency was noticed during the competition phase. We found the following correlations between post-exercise FeNO and baseline absolute FEV1 (rs=0.33; p  The present study revealed EIB prevalence in skiers and allowed to assume a role of FeNO in lung function and EIB in winter sports athletes.
Patterns of presentation and thrombosis outcome in patients with polycythemia vera strictly defined by WHO‐criteria and stratified by calendar period of diagnosis
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Alessandra Carobbio, Jurgen Thiele, Elisa Rumi, Heinz Gisslinger, Francesco Rodeghiero, Maria Luigia Randi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Lisa Pieri, Animesh Pardanani, Francesco Passamonti, Guido Finazzi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Most studies in polycythemia vera (PV) include patients with both remote and most recent diagnostic periods and are therefore vulnerable to inaccurate interpretation of time‐dependent data. We addressed the particular issue by analyzing presenting characteristics and outcome data among 1,545 patients with WHO‐defined PV stratified by a diagnosis period of before or after 2005, which coincides with the first description of JAK2 V617F as the molecular marker of PV. Patients diagnosed after 2005 displayed lower hemoglobin values ( P &lt; 0.0001) and older age ( P = 0.007) at diagnosis; we suggest ease of diagnosis offered by a molecular marker enabled earlier diagnosis and broader application across older age groups that is further enhanced by recent trends in increased attention and health monitoring for the elderly. Post‐2005 diagnosed patients were also more or less likely to receive aspirin and cytoreductive therapy, respectively, and, despite their older age distribution, displayed significantly lower risk of thrombosis in high risk disease. Regardless of the contributing factors to the latter phenomenon, our observations underscore the need to reassess current demographics and frequencies of thrombosis in clinical trial designs including thrombosis prevention in PV. Am. J. Hematol. 90:434–437, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized Comparison of Fluorouracil Plus Cisplatin Versus Hydroxyurea as an Adjunct to Radiation Therapy in Stage IIB-IVA Carcinoma of the Cervix With Negative Para-Aortic Lymph Nodes: A Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group Study
Authors: Charles W. Whitney, William Sause, Brian N. Bundy, John H. Malfetano, Edward V. Hannigan, Wesley C. Fowler, Jr, Daniel L. Clarke-Pearson, Shu-Yuan Liao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: In 1986, a protocol comparing primary radiation therapy (RT) plus hydroxyurea (HU) to irradiation plus fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CF) was activated by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. The goals were to determine the superior chemoradiation regimen and to quantitate the relative toxicities. METHODS: All patients had biopsy-proven invasive squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Patients underwent standard clinical staging studies and their tumors were found to be International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stages IIB, III, or IVA. Negative cytologic washings and para-aortic lymph nodes were required for entry. Patients were randomized to receive either standard whole pelvic RT with concurrent 5-FU infusion and bolus CF or the same RT plus oral HU. RESULTS: Of 388 randomized patients, 368 were eligible; 177 were randomized to CF and 191 to HU. Adverse effects were predominantly hematologic or gastrointestinal in both regimens. Severe or life-threatening leukopenia was more common in the HU group (24%) than in the CF group (4%). The difference in progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significant in favor of the CF group (P = .033). The sites of progression in the two treatment groups were not substantially different. Survival was significantly better for the patients randomized to CF (P = .018). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that for patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix, the combination of 5-FU and CF with RT offers patients better PFS and overall survival than HU, and with manageable toxicity.
The clinical value of [90Y-DOTA]-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (90Y-DOTATOC) in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours: A clinical phase II study
Authors: C. Waldherr, M. Pless, H.R. Maecke, A. Haldemann, J. Mueller-Brand
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Abstract P157: Echogram Finding as a Marker of Resuscitation Outcome in Patients Who Were Treated with Extracorporeal-cpr after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Failed
Authors: kazuhiro watanabe, kimio kikushima, yoshiteru tominaga, katsushige tada, kei nishikawa, masakazu matsuzaki, yutaka tateda, harumi ikeda, tsukasa yagi, ken nagao
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGRAUND) Since 1996, we performed E-CPR (PCPS, coronary reperfusion therapy and hypothermia) in patients who arrived at the ER in cardiac arrest and failed to respond to standard CPR. However, few studies of echogram were available for resuscitation outcome. METHODS) A total of 24 patients treated with E-CPR were enrolled in this prospective study. Using echogram, cardiac function (CI, LVSVI, and aortic valve ejection time (AVET)) for cardiac resuscitation and common carotid artery (CCA) flow for cerebral resuscitation were investigated according to our E-CPR protocol. RESULTS) Of the 32 patients, 17 (53%) were weaned from PCPS successfully, and 6 (18%) had a favorable neurological outcome at 30 days after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. At the time of PCPS flow of 2.0 l/min, Succeeded PCPS weaning group was higher levels of AVET than failed PCPS weaning group (AVET 216.9 vs 135.5, p&lt;0.0001). The favorable recovery group was a higher level of CCA flow than the unfavorable group (375.9 vs 168.0 p=0.0002). The CCA flow cut off value of 173ml/min for a favorable neurological outcome. CONCLUSIONS) In patients who were treated with E-CPR, echogram findings at the time of PCPS flow of 2.0ml/min were a useful marker of resuscitation, especially CCA flow of 173ml/min or more was associated with improvement of a favorable neurological outcome.