tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic comparison of rotational atherectomy and excimer laser angioplasty in the treatment of in-stent restenosis: a volumetric intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: R. Mehran, G.S. Mintz, A. Abizaid, K.M. Kent, A.D. Pichard, L.F. Satler, C.L. Walsh, J.J. Popma, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 5352: Ultraviolet radiation induces carcinogenesis in a novel transgenic mouse model of melanoma
Authors: Ana Paula Benaduce, Deannys Batista, Gabriel Grilo, Karen Jorge, Diana Cardero, Clara Milikowski, Lidia Kos
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Melanomagenesis is caused by environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as well as genetic factors. The Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway repairs photoproducts induced by UV radiation. In humans, NER pathway disruption leads to the development of skin cancers, including melanoma. Upon UV exposure, mice deficient in Xpc, an important protein in the NER pathway, develop skin cancer; but not melanoma. The Endothelin 3 (Edn3) signaling pathway is essential for melanocyte precursor cell development. In humans, this pathway has also been associated with melanoma progression and its metastatic potential. The purpose of this study is the development of a UV-dependent melanoma mouse model that combines Xpc deficiency with the over-activation of the Edn3 pathway. Transgenic mice over-expressing Edn3 under the control of the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Edn3) and carrying a targeted mutation in Xpc were exposed to a single suberythemal neonatal dose of UV radiation. Immunostaining and histomorphology were used to confirm the melanocytic origin of primary skin tumors. Melanomas were only found in animals with the K5-Edn3 transgene. High penetrance was observed in Xpc null (67%, n=3) and Xpc heterozygous (67%, n=3) mice in comparison to Xpc wild type (33%, n=3) mice. RNA extracted from melanomas of Xpc null (n=2), Xpc heterozygous (n=1) and Xpc wild type (n=1) mice were screened for UV signature mutations in Hras, Kras and Nras. No mutations were found in any of these genes. These results indicate that UV radiation exposure, in conjunction with over-activation of the Edn3 pathway is sufficient to lead to melanomagenesis in mice independently of mutations in Hras, Kras or Nras. Citation Format: Ana Paula Benaduce, Deannys Batista, Gabriel Grilo, Karen Jorge, Diana Cardero, Clara Milikowski, Lidia Kos. Ultraviolet radiation induces carcinogenesis in a novel transgenic mouse model of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5352
Early Left Ventricular Dysfunction Elicits Activation of Sympathetic Drive and Attenuation of Parasympathetic Tone in the Paced Canine Model of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gregory M. Eaton, Robert J. Cody, Enrico Nunziata, Philip F. Binkley
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Although autonomic imbalance is known to be characteristic of patients with clinically overt symptomatic congestive heart failure, it is currently unknown whether this autonomic response arises early in the course of left ventricular dysfunction or is restricted to the later stages of circulatory failure. Methods and Results This investigation utilized the technique of spectral analysis of heart rate variability in a paced canine model of congestive heart failure that permits an examination of autonomic activity at the earliest stages of ventricular dysfunction to determine whether early systolic dysfunction in congestive heart failure is characterized by autonomic imbalance, which may contribute to subsequent myocardial and vascular dysfunction. The results indicate that autonomic imbalance as reflected in an abnormal pattern of heart rate variability evolves early in the course of ventricular systolic dysfunction consisting of both a significant increase in sympathetically influenced low-frequency heart rate variability and a significant reduction of parasympathetically mediated high-frequency variability. This was quantified by a marked and significant increase in the area under the low-frequency region from 0.053±0.037 (beats per minute) 2 at baseline to 0.182±0.143 (beats per minute) 2 at 48 hours to 0.253± 0.202 (beats per minute) 2 after 7 days of pacing (ANOVA, P &lt;.04). The area under the high-frequency region of the curve showed a decrease from a baseline value of 0.945±0.037 (beats per minute) 2 to 0.811±0.152 (beats per minute) 2 at 48 hours to 0.733±0.197 (beats per minute) 2 after 7 days of pacing (ANOVA, P &lt;.03). This resulted in a shift in autonomic balance away from parasympathetic tone and toward augmented sympathetic drive as reflected by the ratio of high- to low-frequency areas from a baseline value of 15.2±9.6 to 10.1±6.89 at 48 hours and 0.004±0.001 at 7 days (ANOVA, P &lt;.01). Conclusions The results indicate that autonomic imbalance as reflected in an abnormal pattern of heart rate variability evolves early in the course of ventricular systolic dysfunction consisting of both a significant increase in sympathetically influenced low-frequency heart rate variability and a significant reduction of parasympathetically mediated high-frequency variability. The early appearance of these autonomic abnormalities suggests that autonomic imbalance plays a significant role in promoting the progression of circulatory failure.
Association Between Diaphragm Use and Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Stephan D. Fihn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We conducted independent case-control and retrospective cohort investigations to assess the relationship between diaphragm use and urinary tract infection (UTI). In the former, we compared diaphragm use and vaginal flora among 114 women with acute UTI and 85 women with acute urinary tract symptoms and no UTI. In the latter study, we ascertained the incidence of UTI in 192 diaphragm users and 182 women taking oral contraceptives during a mean follow-up of 9.4 months. Both studies demonstrated a significantly increased risk of UTI in diaphragm users: relative odds were 2.0 in the case-control study and the relative risk was 2.5 in the retrospective cohort study. Vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli was significantly greater in diaphragm users. The incidence of UTI in the cohort study was 26.6 per 1,000 patient-months for diaphragm users and 8.9 per 1,000 patient-months for women taking oral contraceptives. The increased risk of UTI in diaphragm users could not be attributed to differences in age, parity, sexual activity, or previous UTI.
"MERCUROSAL IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS"
Authors: L. G. Hadjopoulos
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —I was intensely interested in the careful and scientific study of Drs. Cole, Driver and Hutton on mercurosal in the treatment of syphilis (The Journal, Nov. 25, 1922, p. 1821). Their conclusions, based on thirty-eight carefully watched cases, are beyond much comment. However, certain facts that give rise to some discrepancies, in the opinion I have formed about mercurosal, should be brought out carefully. I have been experimenting with mercurosal for more than four years. The work of Dr. Cole and his associates does not make a distinction of the stages of the disease under treatment. If I may judge from their scant statements, most of their cases were either primary or secondary. Taking, for example, those cases that did not respond favorably to the treatment, I find that the great majority were in the primary and practically all the remaining in the secondary stage, with florid
Abstract 1987: RNA-seq of the bronchial airway transcriptome identifies novel gene and microRNA expression changes associated with smoking and lung cancer
Authors: Jennifer Beane, Joseph Gerrein, Jessica Vick, Yevgeniy Gindin, Christina Anderlind, Shawn Levy, Pierre Massion, Frank Schembri, Marc Lenburg, Avrum Spira
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prior studies have shown that cigarette smoke creates a field of molecular injury in the airway epithelium. Using microarrays, our group has previously identified gene and microRNA expression differences in bronchial airway epithelial cells that are associated with smoking and lung cancer. We hypothesize that RNA-seq of the airway transcriptome will enhance our understanding of the response to tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer pathogenesis by identifying mRNA splice variants, non-coding RNA, and novel RNA not interrogated by microarrays. We profiled pooled bronchial airway epithelial cell brushings (n=3 patients/pool) obtained during bronchoscopy from healthy never and current smoker volunteers and smokers with and without lung cancer undergoing surgery for suspicion of lung cancer. The high MW fraction (&amp;gt;200 bp) was amplified using a combination of oligo d(T) and random hexamers (NuGEN, San Carlos, CA) followed by library preparation with Illumina's mRNA Seq Library Prep Kit and sequencing using Illumina's Genome Analyzer generating ∼27-30 million 36 bp reads/sample. The low MW fraction (15-40 bp) was processed using ABI's Small RNA Library Sequencing Kit and sequenced using ABI's SOLiD system generating ∼50-90 million 35 bp reads/sample. The high MW reads were aligned to rRNA (5-13%), the human genome (33-40%), and to computationally generated splice junctions (1%) using BowTie. Differential gene and isoform expression was evaluated using Cufflinks and the R package Genominator. Low MW reads were aligned using both RNA2MAP and Geospiza to a filter containing rRNA, tRNA, and repeats (4-14%), to miRBase (4-10%), and the human genome minus miRBase sequences (4-8%). Expression values were calculated for microRNAs. We compared Affymetrix Exon 1.0 ST, HGU133A2, and Invitrogen miRNA microarrays to RNA-seq and found strong correlation for genes/miRNAs interrogated by microarrays, with most smoking- and cancer related changes in transcript expression being identified by sequencing and not by arrays. Genes found differentially expressed only by sequencing were validated by RT-PCR. RNA-seq also reveals differentially expressed isoforms, potential novel miRNAs, and several isoforms of known miRNAs which are being further investigated. RNA-seq provides a comprehensive and high-resolution view of the airway transcriptome and will provide insights into the molecular field of injury induced by smoking and the pathogenesis of smoking-related lung disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1987.
Hemodynamic Effects of a Totally Corrective Procedure in Transposition of the Great Vessels
Authors: LANGFORD KIDD, WILLIAM T. MUSTARD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

1. The hemodynamic findings in four children with transposition of the great vessels who have been completely corrected are described and contrasted with the findings before and after the initial creation of an atrial septal defect. 2. All four cases exhibit full arterial oxygen saturation and have normal atrial pressures. The pressure tracings in the atria suggest that the pericardial baffle does not interfere with their function. 3. It is suggested that the left ventricle in transposition of the great vessels may assume the compliance characteristics of a normal right ventricle. 4. It is concluded that with this procedure it is possible to restore normal cardiac function and systemic oxygenation in children with complete transposition of the great vessels.
Conservative Management Of Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Lawrence K. Groves
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An editorial inThe Journal(<b>193</b>:537, 1965) endorsed nonoperative management of esophageal perforation and implied that such management is "conservative." The editorial and the article which it quotes extensively<sup>1</sup>prompted me to review my personal experience with esophageal perforations. In recent years I have managed 17 such patients surgically. The patients are divided into two groups. One group of nine had perforations without an associated esophageal lesion. All had surgical drainage, and the average hospitalization after perforation was eight days. In the second group of eight patients, the perforations were associated with organic lesions of the esophagus. Two of these patients died; the other six were hospitalized an average of only 15 days. This group includes four patients who underwent definitive surgical treatment of their esophageal lesions as a part of the emergency treatment of the perforation. All survived. The average period of hospitalization (and
Indigenous Amoebiasis: A Recent Outbreak in England
Authors: T. C. Morton, W. P. Stamm, R. Seidelin
Journal: BMJ (1952)

out of England, although cysts of Entamoeba histolytica have been found in the stools of 1.5^4.7% of such people (Morton et al., 1951). The cases which have been reported have all occurred sporadically, sometimes with a history of close association with a patient returned from overseas suffering from acute amoebic dysentery. The only large-scale epidemics of amoebic dysentery in a temperate climate were those in Chicago in 1933 and 1934. The first of these (Epidemic Amebic Dysentery, 1936) was due to the flooding of food stores with sewage from two broken sewers and to a cross-connexion be tween a waste-pipe and the water supply: 1,409 cases, with 98 deaths, were finally notified. The second epidemic followed the Chicago stockyards fire of May, 1934, during which firemen and civilian spectators drank water contaminated with sewage (Hardy and Spector, 1935).
Mucosal involvement in classic Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: F. Cottoni, M.V. Masala, P. Piras, M.A. Montesu, D. Cerimele
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric angioproliferative condition that mainly affects the skin but can also involve the mucosa and internal organs. The four variants of KS (classic, African, post‐transplant and epidemic) differ not only in course and prognosis, but also in terms of the sites frequently involved: classic KS most frequently affects the lower limbs; the African variant can often be seen in the internal organs, particularly in the lymph nodes; and post‐transplant and AIDS patients show internal organ or mucosal lesions often preceding skin lesions. From 1977 to 2001, 279 patients with classic KS were collected prospectively. These comprised 227 men and 52 women, age range 39–101 years, all from northern Sardinia. A database was set up with each patient's age and sex, how long they had had the disease, original localization of lesions, and distribution of lesions at the time of first examination. For each patient a skin biopsy was performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Patients with AIDS‐associated KS or a history of organ transplant were excluded.
Donor countries have responsibility to root out corruption in aid flows
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

International donors have a responsibility to root out corruption and improve the transparency of aid funds, says Gunilla Carlsson, Sweden’s minister for development cooperation.

“There is a risk that corruption is as pandemic as the spread, for example, of HIV and AIDS, but we don’t talk about it, as we should,” she told the BMJ at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

Since early October Sweden has suspended its contribution to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria after the fund’s inspector general reported cases of corruption and abuse by recipients in four countries. …
648 DIFFERENCES IN ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND TOLERABILITY BETWEEN PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA – 2A AND – 2B IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: E. Vispo, P. Tuma, J. Medrano, P. Barreiro, S. Rodriguez-Novoa, J. Morello, P. Labarga, L. Martin-Carbonero, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
An Unusual Case of Lower-Nephron Nephrosis Following Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Robert C. Partenheimer, Warren J. Boyer, David S. Citron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

LOWER-NEPHRON nephrosis following exposure to carbon tetrachloride is a well established and fairly common entity.1 2 3 4 5 6 Such a case was recently seen at the United States Public Health Service Hospital at Boston. The patient developed some uncommon findings, consisting of an early excellent urine specific gravity, an extreme elevation of the nonprotein nitrogen, a hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and uremic colitis with mucosal slough. We did not observe these findings in the cases reported in a previous paper.6 Again, the oliguric and hyperkalemic phase was successfully treated with limited fluid intake and gastric lavage. Once the diuretic phase was established, the patient . . .
Excess benign melanocytic naevi after chemotherapy for malignancy in childhood.
Authors: B. R. Hughes, W. J. Cunliffe, C. C. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To see whether children who have had chemotherapy develop increased numbers of moles.Blind assessment of patients having chemotherapy and subsequent comparison with the first suitable patients matched for age and sex who were attending the clinic during the same period after having completed treatment. Controls were obtained the following year by taking the first suitable patients attending a routine dermatology outpatient clinic who matched the study groups for age and sex.Referrals to a paediatric oncology clinic and a dermatology clinic at two city hospitals.The group receiving chemotherapy comprised all 32 patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia, lymphoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma who were attending the paediatric oncology clinic on two mornings a week during October 1987 to March 1988. The group who had completed treatment comprised 32 patients who were attending for follow up during the same period and who matched the first group for age and sex. Thirty two other patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic with unrelated skin conditions served as controls.Definite increase in numbers of moles on children after a course of chemotherapy.Moles were counted by one observer on defined areas of the body and divided into those less than 3 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm diameter. Patients receiving chemotherapy had a similar number of moles to the control group. By contrast patients who had completed chemotherapy had significant increases both in moles less than 3 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm and in the total number of moles. These patients were more likely to have moles on acral sites.Children with substantially increased numbers of moles (benign melanocytic naevi) after successful chemotherapy for malignancy may have an increased risk of melanoma. They should be offered prolonged surveillance and cautioned about exposure to ultraviolet light.
Early diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in APOE2 knock-in mice and its prevention by fibrates
Authors: Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov, Kristiaan Wouters, Patrick J. van Gorp, Marion J. Gijbels, Benoit Noel, Laurent Buffat, Bart Staels, Nobuyo Maeda, Marc van Bilsen, Marten H. Hofker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Proinsulin Immunoreactivity in Recent-Onset IDDM: The significance of insulin antibodies and insulin autoantibodies
Authors: Ole Snorgaard, Lise L Kjems, Micheal E Røder, Svend G Hartling, Bo Dinesen, Christian Binder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study the natural history of fasting proinsulin immunoreactivity (PIM) during the first 30 months of IDDM and its relationship to fasting C-peptide and insulin antibodies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An incidence cohort of 204 consecutive newly diagnosed IDDM patients were followed prospectively, having blood drawn for measurements at diagnosis and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the determination of PIM. RESULTS All patients had detectable fasting PIM in plasma at diagnosis, with a median value and interquartile range of 3.5 pmol/l (2.2–6.2). The median PIM level increased during the first months of IDDM to reach a peak at 9–12 months (9.9–10.3 pmol/l). PIM then declined gradually to 5.6 pmol/l (1.9–13.5) at 30 months without reaching baseline. PIM at each time point was widely scattered in a skewed log-normal distribution without signs of bimodality. After the onset of insulin treatment, median insulin antibody level increased and declined in a similar pattern. Both PIM and antibody level were significantly higher in children and adolescents compared with adults. However, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age was only of minor importance for the PIM variation during the study period. Insulin antibody level and fasting C-peptide were the major determinants at 3–30 months, accounting for ∼40% of the variation (R2). Blood glucose was of minor importance, and insulin dose, HbA1c, and BMI were of no importance. The correlation between fasting PIM and fasting C-peptide improved (R2 doubled) if the insulin antibody level was accounted for. Further, the slope of the correlation curve between PIM and C-peptide increased threefold when antibody binding was &amp;gt; 4%. At diagnosis, insulin autoantibodies could be detected in 19% of the patients. Their presence predicted higher proinsulin at 1–3 months, a higher insulin dose the 1st year, and higher levels of insulin antibodies later in the study. CONCLUSIONS Circulating insulin antibodies may affect the level of PIM in IDDM, probably by adding a pool of IgG-bound PIM thereby increasing half-life and plasma concentration. This may explain why C-peptide and PIM levels do not change in concert during the 1st years of IDDM. Unlike C-peptide, PIM can not therefore quantitate β-cell secretion unless the presence of insulin antibodies is ruled out.
Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty for Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Joachim Schofer, Tomasz Siminiak, Michael Haude, Jean P. Herrman, Jindra Vainer, Justina C. Wu, Wayne C. Levy, Laura Mauri, Ted Feldman, Raymond Y. Kwong, David M. Kaye, Stephen J. Duffy, Thilo Tübler, Hubertus Degen, Mathias C. Brandt, Rich Van Bibber, Steve Goldberg, David G. Reuter, Uta C. Hoppe
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), a well-recognized component of left ventricular remodeling, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients. Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty has the potential to serve as a therapeutic adjunct to standard medical care. Methods and Results— Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, moderate to severe FMR, an ejection fraction &lt;40%, and a 6-minute walk distance between 150 and 450 m were enrolled in the CARILLON Mitral Annuloplasty Device European Union Study (AMADEUS). Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty was achieved through the coronary sinus with the CARILLON Mitral Contour System. Echocardiographic FMR grade, exercise tolerance, New York Heart Association class, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and 1 and 6 months. Of the 48 patients enrolled in the trial, 30 received the CARILLON device. Eighteen patients did not receive a device because of access issues, insufficient acute FMR reduction, or coronary artery compromise. The major adverse event rate was 13% at 30 days. At 6 months, the degree of FMR reduction among 5 different quantitative echocardiographic measures ranged from 22% to 32%. Six-minute walk distance improved from 307±87 m at baseline to 403±137 m at 6 months ( P &lt;0.001). Quality of life, measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, improved from 47±16 points at baseline to 69±15 points at 6 months ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Percutaneous reduction in FMR with a novel coronary sinus–based mitral annuloplasty device is feasible in patients with heart failure, is associated with a low rate of major adverse events, and is associated with improvement in quality of life and exercise tolerance.