tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Occupational Exposure on Lead Levels in Women
Authors: Marija Popovic, Fiona E. McNeill, David R. Chettle, Colin E. Webber, C. Virginia Lee, Wendy E. Kaye
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In 1994, 207 women participated in a study designed to examine the effects of occupational exposure and various lifestyle factors on bone and blood lead levels. In vivo measurements of Pb concentrations in tibia were performed by X-ray fluorescence. All 108 former smelter employees and 99 referents provided blood samples and answered a questionnaire on lifestyle characteristics and the relevant medical history. Lead concentrations in tibia and blood were significantly higher in the exposed group. The difference in mean bone Pb concentrations of the two groups is markedly greater than the difference in the mean blood Pb concentrations, supporting the view that bone Pb measurements are a more reliable determinant of Pb body burden. Chronic exposure did not result in any statistically significant differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes. A significantly lower age at the onset of menopause in occupationally exposed women may suggest that Pb causes adverse changes in the pattern of estrus and menses. The exposed women had lower bone Pb concentrations than those found in most studies on predominantly male workers. Blood Pb concentrations remain increased in women long after the cessation of occupational exposure, reflecting the importance of the endogenous exposure. The endogenous exposure relation found for postmenopausal exposed women is consistent with data on male smelter workers, whereas the relation found for premenopausal women is significantly lower. This suggests that sex plays an important role in the metabolism of lead, and current models of exposure extrapolated from male data may be inappropriate for use on women.
Neonatal hyperglycaemia after prolonged maternal treatment with diazoxide.
Authors: M J Smith, A Aynsley-Green, C W Redman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Neonatal hyperglycaemia after prolonged maternal treatment with diazoxideDiazoxide has been used to control severe hypertension in pregnancy.'We report a case of severe neonatal hyperglycaemia after its prolonged use in a mother with hypertension. Case reportA 25-year-old mother presented three years before her first pregnancy with a lupoid rash, arthralgia, acute hypertension, and renal failure: systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed.A test for antinuclear factor was positive, and DNA antibody binding was 92 %.She was treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil.Her hypertension was poorly controlled despite treatment with propranolol, methyldopa, hydralazine, and diazoxide, and on two occasions she had hypertensive convulsions.Over the next six months she improved so that antihypertensive treatment could be stopped.The systemic lupus erythematosus remained controlled with prednisolone 2-5 mg daily, but autoimmune hypothyroidism was diagnosed and treated.After conception blood pressure at 12 weeks of gestation was 140/90 mm Hg and she was excreting 3-8 g protein/24 hours.Antinuclear factor was present at a dilution of 1/20, DNA antibody binding was 25 %, and serum C3 and C4 concentrations were normal.
Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor induces cachexia, anemia, and inflammation.
Authors: K J Tracey, H Wei, K R Manogue, Y Fong, D G Hesse, H T Nguyen, G C Kuo, B Beutler, R S Cotran, A Cerami
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Cachexia is a potentially lethal syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by anorexia, weight loss, and protein wasting that frequently complicates the treatment of chronic inflammation and cancer. Cachectin/TNF was isolated during the search for a humoral mediator of cachexia and found to stimulate the breakdown of energy stores from adipocytes and myocytes in vitro, but the chronic effects of the monokine in vivo are not known. Sublethal doses of recombinant human cachectin administered twice daily for 7-10 d caused cachexia in rats, as evidenced by reduced food intake, weight loss, and depletion of whole-body lipid and protein stores. Significant anemia is also observed and found to be the result of decreased red blood cell mass, not expanded plasma volume. Leukocytosis and histopathological evidence of tissue injury and inflammation are observed in several organs, including omentum, liver, spleen, and heart. These data suggests that the exposure of the normal host to cachectin is capable of inducing a pathophysiological syndrome of cachexia, anemia, and inflammation similar to that observed during inflammatory states or malignancy.
Abstract 1112: Human rhomboid family-1 gene RHBDF1 assists trafficking of TGFa for GPCR-mediated transactivation of EGFR
Authors: Zhuan Zhou, Yi Lu, Weimin Deng, Paulina Huang, Lu-Yuan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can be transactivated by ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). GPCR signaling pathways often involve the formation of clathrin-coated endosomes, which interact with endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex to form recycling endosome and secretion vesicles containing EGFR pro-ligands such as pro-TGFα, which is proteolytically processed and released on the cell surface to activate EGFR in an autocrine manner. We showed previously that human rhomboid family-1 gene RHBDF1 is essential for GPCR-EGFR transactivation by assisting the secretion of TGFα, a ligand of EGFR. We show here silencing the RHBDF1 with shRNA leads to inhibition of EGFR ligand-dependent transactivation induced by GPCR ligands such as gastrin release peptide (GRP) and sphingosine-1-phosphate. However, RHBDF1 is not involved in EGFR ligand-independent GPCR-EGFR transactivation induced by isoproterenol. Inhibitors of endosome formation and membrane trafficking such as chlorpromazine, nocodazole, and cytochalasin-D also inhibit GRP-induced EGFR phosphorylation. Inhibitors of endosome acidification such as chloroquine and BFA lessen the inhibitory effect of RHBDF1 shRNA on GRP-induced EGFR phosphorylation. The RHBDF1 protein localizes mainly to the endoplasmic reticulum with pro-TGFα and GRASP55 in starved, quiescent cancer cells, but is phosphorylated and translocated to the cell surface upon GPCR ligands stimulation. GPCR ligands also activate the intracellular signaling molecule Src which then co-translocates with RHBDF1 and clathrin to the plasma membrane. Src-clathrin interaction and co-localization to the cell surface are RHBDF1-dependent. These findings are consistent with the view that, in response to GPCR activation, RHBDF1 assists pro-TGFα trafficking to the cell surface through clathrin coated trafficking. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1112
MULTI-HARMONIC PHASE ANALYSIS OF GATED SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING COMPARED WITH NT-PRO-BNP AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION
Authors: Li Dianfu, Chunqi Pan, Yanli Zhou, Kejiang Cao, Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Javed Butler, Ji Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Novel analog of atrial natriuretic peptide selective for receptor-A produces increased diuresis and natriuresis in rats.
Authors: H Jin, B Li, B Cunningham, J Tom, R Yang, P Sehl, G R Thomas, A Ko, D Oare, D G Lowe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binds to natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A), a membrane guanylyl cyclase, and to natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C), which plays a role in peptide clearance. Rat ANP (rANP) mutants that bind rat NPR-A selectively over rat NPR-C were isolated from randomized libraries of rANP-display phage by differential panning. One variant was identified with reduced NPR-C binding; rANP (G16R, A17E, Q18A) [rANP(REA18)]. Synthetic rANP(REA18) was equipotent with rANP in stimulating cGMP production from cloned rat NPR-A (ED50 = 1.8 nM) and was reduced in NPR-C binding by approximately 200-fold. When infused into conscious rats at 0.325 microg/min for 30 min rANP elicited an identical decrease in blood pressure compared with 0.25 microg/min of rANP(REA18), however the natriuretic (P < 0.05) and diuretic (P = 0.07) responses to rANP(REA18) were greater. These data are consistent with a role for NPR-C as a local decoy receptor attenuating NPR-A effects in the kidney, where these receptors are coexpressed. Improved NPR-A specificity could provide more effective natriuretic peptides for treatment of acute renal failure or heart failure.
Renocutaneous Inflammatory Tract Shown During Technetium-99m DTPA Imaging
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, JOSEPH J. SKARZYNSKI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

During a Tc-99m DTPA study, activity simultaneously appeared in the kidneys and in a right lateral band. This was due to an inflammatory tract and not to urinary drainage.
Intestinal malabsorption in Strongyloides stercoralis infestation.
Authors: P F Milner, R A Irvine, C J Barton, G Bras, R Richards
Journal: Gut (1965)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulose and can be used as a feedstock for next-generation biofuels by industry. <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, one of the main workhorses in biotechnology, is unable to metabolize xylose natively but has been engineered to ferment xylose to ethanol with the xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes from <i>Scheffersoymces stipitis</i>. In the scientific literature, the yield and volumetric productivity of xylose fermentation to ethanol in engineered <i>S. cerevisiae</i> still lags <i>S. stipitis</i>, despite expressing of the same XR-XDH genes. These contrasting phenotypes can be due to differences in <i>S. cerevisiae's</i> redox metabolism that hinders xylose fermentation, differences in <i>S. stipitis'</i> redox metabolism that promotes xylose fermentation, or both. To help elucidate how <i>S. stipitis</i> ferments xylose, we used flux balance analysis to test various redox balancing mechanisms, reviewed published omics datasets, and studied the phylogeny of key genes in xylose fermentation. <i>In vivo</i> and <i>in silico</i> xylose fermentation cannot be reconciled without NADP phosphatase (NADPase) and NADH kinase. We identified eight candidate genes for NADPase. <i>PHO3.2</i> was the sole candidate showing evidence of expression during xylose fermentation. Pho3.2p and Pho3p, a recent paralog, were purified and characterized for their substrate preferences. Only Pho3.2p was found to have NADPase activity. Both NADPase and NAD(P)H-dependent XR emerged from recent duplications in a common ancestor of <i>Scheffersoymces</i> and <i>Spathaspora</i> to enable efficient xylose fermentation to ethanol. This study demonstrates the advantages of using metabolic simulations, omics data, bioinformatics, and enzymology to reverse engineer metabolism.
Intravenous anti–IL-13 mAb QAX576 for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Marc E. Rothenberg, Ting Wen, Allison Greenberg, Oral Alpan, Benjamin Enav, Ikuo Hirano, Kari Nadeau, Sergio Kaiser, Thomas Peters, Antonio Perez, Ieuan Jones, Jonathan P. Arm, Robert M. Strieter, Ronald Sabo, Kulasiri A. Gunawardena
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Demographic and Anthropometric Correlates of Maximum Inspiratory Pressure
Authors: MYRA A. CARPENTER, MELVYN S. TOCKMAN, RICHARD G. HUTCHINSON, CLARENCE E. DAVIS, GERARDO HEISS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), an indicator of inspiratory muscle strength, is reported on 13,005 African-American and white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Sex-specific associations between MIP and age, anthropometric measures, physical activity, health status, smoking status, and education level are presented. In this cohort of subjects 47 to 68 yr of age, MIP decreased 0.93 cm H2O (p ⩽ 0.0001) in women and 1.2 cm H2O (p ⩽ 0.0001) in men for each 1-yr increase in age. In both sexes, after adjusting for age, the associations between MIP and current body weight, weight at 25 yr of age, waist girth, body mass index, and calf girth were statistically significant and nonlinear (convex quadratic). MIP was positively associated with standing height in both sexes after controlling for age (p ⩽ 0.03). The age-adjusted association between MIP and sitting height was nonlinear in men and linear in women. MIP was also associated (positively) with education level, health status, physical activity, and (negatively) cigarette smoking. The study was not designed to evaluate associations with race, but data patterns suggest the absence of a race effect on MIP.
Current Emergency Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This paperback textbook, edited by an infectious disease specialist, an internist, and a professor of surgery, joins the respected "Current Diagnosis and Treatment" series that has enjoyed such success with Lange Medical Publications. The editors follow the Lange format of a relatively inexpensive but well-printed paperback, with crisp illustrations; multiple tables, graphs, and diagrams; and a concise, semioutline text. The final product is a fascinating collection of fact-filled review chapters, didactic flow diagrams, and enough substantive tables and figures to alone justify the purchase of the book. The editors and their 35 associate authors emphasize two unique aspects of emergency medicine: first, diagnoses are often unknown when patients are initially seen in the emergency room; and second, evaluation and treatment must frequently proceed simultaneously. In the emergency room, many problems yield a diagnosis only after treatment begins, and the response to therapy makes the diagnosis. This unconventional approach is made
THE ESSENTIALS OF SUCCESSFUL PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION.
Authors: A. C. ABBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

At the present time nothing can be more appropriate than a discussion of certain modern views concerning public health administration and the auxiliary factors that go to make such administration a success. While the problem of public preventive medicine would,<i>a priori</i>, seem to be easily soluble through the employment of well-established principles, it is found by actual experience to be beset with difficulties, many of which would not exist were there a more intimate acquaintance, on the part of all concerned, with the requirements of the work. <h3>PLEA FOR PROFESSIONAL CO-OPERATION.</h3> With an audience of this character it is perfectly warrantable to assume that success in public health work is not only desirable, but actually demanded, and to expect, therefore, from each individual such co-operation as lies within his power to give. Proceeding on that assumption, it is my purpose to indicate in the course of these remarks the
Children and Guns
Authors: Daniel L. Coury
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Wintemute et al<sup>1</sup>was enlightening in its discussion of the factors contributing to unintentional deaths due to the use of firearms among the pediatric population. The large number of these accidental shootings and the tragic circumstances in which they happen, as described by the authors, are sobering. Not discussed was the morbidity also incurred by unintentional firearm use. In addition to the more than 1000 pediartic fatalities occurring in the United States annually, there are more than 8000 nonfatal injuries due to firearm use as well.<sup>2</sup> Combining these statistics with those for deaths and injuries incurred during<i>intentional</i>use of firearms in all age groups, more than 30 000 fatal shootings and 100 000 to 150 000 woundings each year, makes the seriousness of the problem of children and guns even greater.<sup>3</sup>Use of firearms accounts for a significant proportion
A NEW METHOD OF DEALING WITH SCARS BY MULTIPLE INCISION AND THIOSINAMIN
Authors: A. H. Tubby
Journal: BMJ (1913)

RS!:SCAR tissuie is not onily unisighitly and inconvenient, iniasmuchi as it undlergoes persistent conitraction, and often together, not more than one-tentlh of an inch apixrt; and great care is taken that they should penetrate not only into the subcutaneouLs fat, but also extend one-quarter or half an in:ch into the neighbouring healthy skin.No attenmpt is nmade to arrest the lhaemorrhage exeept by pressure, and when bleeding lhas ceased, a solutionl of thiosiuamin is vigorously ruibbed in; and, if the scar tissue -is very thick, a few drops are injected into tlle most prominent bands.I lhave had no lhesitation in injecting, in children, 15 nmin.at a time, and in adults 20 nmin.; in
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder From Pentaborane Intoxication
Authors: Joel J. Silverman, Robert P. Hart, Lorne K. Garrettson, Susan J. Stockman, Robert M. Hamer, S. Charles Schulz, Nedathur Narasimhachari
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Fourteen individuals briefly exposed to a toxic industrial compound, pentaborane, were evaluated for neuropsychiatric abnormalities four to 12 weeks after exposure. Results of physical, neurological, and routine laboratory evaluations were normal. Initial and persistent psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological deficits, electroencephalographic changes, elevated central nervous system neurotransmitter levels, and ventricular brain ratios (computed tomographic scan) provide evidence of central nervous system damage. Seven patients met diagnostic criteria of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, ed 3, for posttraumatic stress disorder, and seven patients had neuropsychological test evidence of mild brain dysfunction. No statistically significant relationship was found between neuropsychiatric test results and psychiatric diagnoses. These results contradict previous literature that reports most symptom resolution within the first week after exposure to pentaborane. Results suggest that patients suffered a combination of organic brain insult and psychological trauma. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:2603-2608)
Increases in platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity, and arterial pressure during mild surface cooling: factors in mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis in winter.
Authors: W R Keatinge, S R Coleshaw, F Cotter, M Mattock, M Murphy, R Chelliah
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Six hours of mild surface cooling in moving air at 24 degrees C with little fall in core temperature (0.4 degree C) increased the packed cell volume by 7% and increased the platelet count and usually the mean platelet volume to produce a 15% increase in the fraction of plasma volume occupied by platelets. Little of these increases occurred in the first hour. Whole blood viscosity increased by 21%; plasma viscosity usually increased, and arterial pressure rose on average from 126/69 to 138/87 mm Hg. Plasma cholesterol concentration increased, in both high and low density lipoprotein fractions, but values of total lipoprotein and lipoprotein fractions were unchanged. The increases in platelets, red cells, and viscosity associated with normal thermoregulatory adjustments to mild surface cooling provide a probable explanation for rapid increases in coronary and cerebral thrombosis in cold weather. The raised arterial pressure and possibly cholesterol concentration may contribute to slower components of the increased thrombosis.
Surgical mutilation judgment in Saudi Arabia "violates medical ethics"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Saudi Arabian authorities are being urged not to deliberately paralyse a man in retribution for similar injuries he allegedly caused during a fight.

Amnesty International said that a court in Tabuk, in the north west of the country, has approached a number of hospitals asking about the possibility of cutting the man’s spinal cord to carry out the punishment of “qisas” (retribution), as requested by the injured victim.

It reports that one hospital has said it would be possible to injure the spinal cord at the same place as the damage the man is alleged to …
Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: R. Cornish, J. Macleod, J. Strang, P. Vickerman, M. Hickman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting </b>UK General Practice Research Database <b>Participants</b> Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice. <b>Main</b><b>outcome measures</b> Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users’ mortality with general population mortality rates. <b>Results</b> Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months. <b>Conclusions</b> Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.
Will the lead clinician please stand up?
Authors: Craig Gannon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

M edicine is not a pure science, and doctors are human. Although individual mistakes are inevitable and can even be enlightening, complacency remains unacceptable. Healthcare systems must minimise errors and should require an approach that is as evidence based as our approach to prescribing (and with an impact that is at least equivalent). In the case I describe here the “uncontroversial” progress in multidisciplinary working by the cancer team undermined, paradoxically, the traditional role of the lead clinician, allowing avoidable harm to the patient to occur without evoking concern.

A fully independent elderly woman presented with lithium toxicity early last year. Depression was her only recent illness. She was discharged after her lithium dosage was reduced, without specific assessment or follow-up for mild renal impairment (her creatinine concentration was 180 μmol/l).

She presented again two months later with a 5 cm lump in her breast. An outpatient …