tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The cutaneous microflora of adolescent, persistent andlate-onset acne patients does not differ
Authors: A.E. Till, V. Goulden, W.J. Cunliffe, K.T. Holland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article The cutaneous microflora of adolescent, persistent andlate‐onset acne patients does not differ Get access A.E. Till, A.E. Till Skin Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Goulden, V. Goulden Leeds Foundation for Dermatological Research, Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe, W.J. Cunliffe Leeds Foundation for Dermatological Research, Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.T. Holland K.T. Holland Skin Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Keith T.Holland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 5, 1 May 2000, Pages 885–892, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03467.x Published: 01 May 2000
Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of nasopharyngeal pneumococci from Spanish children
Authors: D. Sánchez-Tatay, L.A. Arroyo, D. Tarragó, M.J. Lirola, A. Porras, A. Fenoll, W.P. Hausdorff, A.B. Brueggemann, I. Obando
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Psychosis Prevention: A Modified Clinical High Risk Perspective From the Recognition and Prevention (RAP) Program
Authors: Barbara A. Cornblatt, Ricardo E. Carrión, Andrea Auther, Danielle McLaughlin, Ruth H. Olsen, Majnu John, Christoph U. Correll
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Early intervention and prevention of psychosis remain a major challenge. Prediction would be greatly advanced with improved ability to identify individuals at true risk, which, at present, is moderate at best. The authors tested a modified strategy to improve prediction by selecting a more homogeneous high-risk sample (attenuated positive symptom criteria only, age range of mid-teens to early 20s) than is currently standard, combined with a systematic selection of neurodevelopmental deficits. Method: A sample of 101 treatment-seeking adolescents (mean age, 15.9 years) at clinical high risk for psychosis were followed clinically for up to 5 years (mean follow-up time, 3.0 years, SD=1.6). Adolescents were included only if they exhibited one or more attenuated positive symptoms at moderate to severe, but not psychotic, severity levels. Cox regression was used to derive a risk index. Results: The overall conversion rate to psychosis was 28.3%. The final predictor model, with a positive predictive validity of 81.8%, consisted of four variables: disorganized communication, suspiciousness, verbal memory deficits, and decline in social functioning during follow-up. Significant effects also suggest narrowing the risk age range to 15–22 years. Conclusions: Clinical high risk criteria that emphasize disorganized communication and suspiciousness while also including compromised verbal memory and declining social functioning have the potential to improve predictive accuracy compared with attenuated positive symptoms used alone. On the resulting risk index (a weighted combination of the predictors), low scores were interpreted as signifying minimal risk, with little treatment necessary, high scores as suggesting aggressive intervention, and intermediate scores, although less informative, as supporting psychosocial treatment.
The effect of polyimmune gammaglobulin for prophylaxis against reactivation cytomegalovirus infection in kidney and kidney/pancreas transplant recipients.
Authors: T R McCune, H K Johnson, R C MacDonell, R E Richie, W A Nylander, D H Van Buren, J H Helderman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most important infection in the renal transplant recipient. Few data are available that provide guidance for approaches that seek to reduce the reactivation of latent disease after transplantation. To test the efficacy of polyimmune gammaglobulin in kidney and kidney/pancreas transplantation, consenting recipients with serologic evidence of previous CMV disease were randomized to receive i.v. polyimmune gammaglobulin (500 mg/kg) within 3 days of transplant with 250 mg/kg at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 or no prophylaxis. Both groups received identical induction and rejection immunosuppressive therapy. Polyimmune gammaglobulin prophylaxis reduced CMV reactivation infections. The incidence of reactivation infections was half in patients receiving Nashville/rabbit antithymocyte serum (N/R-ATS) compared with those receiving monoclonal anti-CD-3 therapy. Patients receiving polyimmune gammaglobulin along with N/R-ATS had an incidence of infection of only 10%. Reactivation infections were twice as common in patients who had primary nonfunction and nearly three times as common in patients with acute rejection. Both risk factors were associated with longer anti-T-cell therapy. Polyimmune gammaglobulin prophylaxis should be considered in transplant patients with previous CMV exposure who will be receiving prolonged anti-T-cell therapy because of acute rejection or primary nonfunction.
Skin characteristics of Chinese men and their beard removal habits
Authors: Y. Wu, R. Konduru, D. Deng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Grooming habits of men in China have some marked differences from those in other areas in the world, with a high percentage of men resorting to shaving with an electric razor. This is influenced by multiple factors, such as a lower facial hair growth density concentrated in a small area around the mouth. Further, there is limited knowledge and misconceptions around the alleged negative skin effects of blade shaving. Objectives To compare skin in the shaved area with that of the rest of the face, and to compare the impact of shaving with a modern three‐blade razor vs. electric shaving. Methods Pilot clinical studies including 50 and 40 healthy Chinese men, respectively. Results Skin in the shaved area is different from the rest of the face, with a higher temperature, lower hydration and diminished skin barrier function. Regular shaving with a modern multiblade razor was not statistically different from dry shaving in terms of impact on barrier function. Conclusions Shaving with a modern multiblade razor could even deliver certain skin benefits in the area of facial oil control and reducing skin flakes.
Intermittent vs Continuous Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sindy Magnan, Ryan Zarychanski, Laurie Pilote, Laurence Bernier, Michèle Shemilt, Eric Vigneault, Vincent Fradet, Alexis F. Turgeon
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Androgen deprivation is the standard therapy for patients with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer. However, this treatment causes adverse effects, alters quality of life, and may lead to castration-resistant disease. Intermittent androgen deprivation has been studied as an alternative.To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and tolerability of intermittent vs continuous androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer.We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Biosis, National Technical Information Service, OpenSIGLE, and Google Scholar from inception of each database through March 2014. References from published guidelines, reviews, and other relevant articles were also considered.We selected randomized clinical trials comparing intermittent vs continuous androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer.Two reviewers performed study selection, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with the inverse variance method and risk ratios with the Mantel-Haenszel method, using random effect models. A noninferiority analysis was conducted for overall survival with a margin of 1.15 for the upper boundary of the HR. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 index.Primary outcomes were overall survival and quality of life. Secondary outcomes were cancer-specific survival, progression-free survival, time to castration resistance, skeletal-related events, and adverse effects.From 10 510 references, we included 22 articles from 15 trials (6856 patients) published between 2000 and 2013. All but 1 study had an unclear or high risk of bias. We observed no significant difference between intermittent and continuous therapy for overall survival (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93-1.11; 8 trials, 5352 patients), cancer-specific survival (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87-1.19; 5 trials, 3613 patients), and progression-free survival (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84-1.05; 4 trials, 1774 patients). There was minimal difference in patients' self-reported quality of life between the 2 interventions. Most trials observed an improvement in physical and sexual functioning with intermittent therapy.Intermittent androgen deprivation was not inferior to continuous therapy with respect to the overall survival. Some quality-of-life criteria seemed improved with intermittent therapy. Intermittent androgen deprivation can be considered as an alternative option in patients with recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer.
Isoantigenic Properties of Tumors Transgressing Histocompatibility Barriers of the H-2 System&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Erna Möller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Sublines capable of transgressing H-2 histocompatibility barriers have been derived from strictly strain-specific tumors by 1) passage through newborn hosts of a foreign genotype; 2) passage through adult H-2 incompatible recipients pretreated with isoantisera directed against the tumor cells. The nonspecific character induced by these procedures was usually expressed in a number of different H-2 incompatible recipients. The changes responsible for the conversion to nonspecific growth appeared to proceed in a stepwise fashion. Expression of the nonspecific character required exposure to the foreign host environment for more than 30 days. At this stage and during the subsequent 3 transfer generations, reversion to strain-specific growth occurred on back-transfer to the strain of origin; after 4 passages in the foreign hosts the nonspecific character was permanently established, however, and could not be reverted by prolonged passage in the original host genotype. The growth rate of strain-specific tumors and their nonspecific sublines was compared in the strain of origin. No difference was found with one tumor, while the strain-specific line grew better than the nonspecific sublines with another. This difference was detected in the homozygous strain of origin and in different semi-isologous F1 hybrids. All lines grew better in the homozygous strain than in the F1 hybrids, however. A comparison was made between the concentration of H-2 isoantigenic surface determinants in strain-specific tumors and their nonspecific sublines by a quantitative absorption technique in vitro. All nonspecific sublines had a lower concentration of H-2 isoantigens than the strain-specific tumors. This suggests that nonspecific tumors develop as a result of immunoselection of variants resistant to the homograft reaction and are characterized by a lowered concentration of H-2 antigens.
Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of drosophilid species.
Authors: C A Russo, N Takezaki, M Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

The phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of 39 drosophilid species were studied by using the coding region of the Adh gene. Four genera--Scaptodrosophila, Zaprionus, Drosophila, and Scaptomyza (from Hawaii)--and three Drosophila subgenera--Drosophila, Engiscaptomyza, and Sophophora--were included. After conducting statistical analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the Adh, Adhr (Adh-related gene), and nuclear rRNA genes and a 905-bp segment of mitochondrial DNA, we used Scaptodrosophila as the outgroup. The phylogenetic tree obtained showed that the first major division of drosophilid species occurs between subgenus Sophophora (genus Drosophila) and the group including subgenera Drosophila and Engiscaptomyza plus the genera Zaprionus and Scaptomyza. Subgenus Sophophora is then divided into D. willistoni and the clade of D. obscura and D. melanogaster species groups. In the other major drosophilid group, Zaprionus first separates from the other species, and then D. immigrans leaves the remaining group of species. This remaining group then splits into the D. repleta group and the Hawaiian drosophilid cluster (Hawaiian Drosophila, Engiscaptomyza, and Scaptomyza). Engiscaptomyza and Scaptomyza are tightly clustered. Each of the D. repleta, D. obscura, and D. melanogaster groups is monophyletic. The splitting of subgenera Drosophila and Sophophora apparently occurred about 40 Mya, whereas the D. repleta group and the Hawaiian drosophilid cluster separated about 32 Mya. By contrast, the splitting of Engiscaptomyza and Scaptomyza occurred only about 11 Mya, suggesting that Scaptomyza experienced a rapid morphological evolution. The D. obscura and D. melanogaster groups apparently diverged about 25 Mya. Many of the D. repleta group species studied here have two functional Adh genes (Adh-1 and Adh-2), and these duplicated genes can be explained by two duplication events.
PAX6 haploinsufficiency causes cerebral malformation and olfactory dysfunction in humans
Authors: Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Samantha L. Free, Kathleen A. Williamson, Tejal N. Mitchell, Catherine Willis, John M. Stevens, Brian E. Kendall, Simon D. Shorvon, Isabel M. Hanson, Anthony T. Moore, Veronica van Heyningen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Measuring the value of integrated respiratory consultant support of a community respiratory multidisciplinary team (MDT)
Authors: Melissa Heightman, Beverley Flint, Janet Edwards, Jessie Dzingai, Gisele Fabris, Eleri Jones, Myra Stern
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction :Integrated Respiratory Consultant roles have been promoted alongside the shift in chronic disease management to primary care. Defining the value of these roles is challenging. This retrospective qualitative analysis documents interventions made by an integrated consultant working with a community based MDT commissioned by local GPs.

Methods : Case discussion records from weekly MDT meetings from January 2012 to July 2013 were reviewed noting referral source, disease severity, smoking status. Key outcomes of meetings were quantified thematically: 1. New diagnoses made 2. Evidence-based management interventions 3. Interventions to improve quality or coordination of care

Results : 122 patients were discussed, 66 referred by GPs, 37 by secondary care and 19 by pulmonary rehabilitation. Median age (range) 73 (41-97) years. Referral diagnoses were: COPD [87]; COPD plus bronchiectasis [26]; interstitial lung disease [6]; asthma [3]. In patients with COPD, mean FEV1 % predicted(SD) 42.4(15.4)%. 40 patients were smokers. Outcomes: 14 new respiratory diagnoses, 164 evidence-based management interventions, 64 referrals to improve coordination of care. Mortality was low (3 patients).

Conclusions :Patients referred had severe and/or complex disease and challenging psychosocial needs. Integrated consultant input improved quality and coordination of care. In response to identified unmet needs service improvements have been made: psychology supported stop smoking; stop smoking specialist for housebound patients; long term exercise post PR; AECOPD pathway to support recovery and avoid hospital admissions. Defining the value of these interventions remains challenging.
Thymic Microchimerism Correlates with the Outcome of Tolerance-Inducing Protocols for Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Marina Noris, Daniela Cugini, Federica Casiraghi, Nadia Azzollini, Luciana De Deus Viera Moraes, Marilena Mister, Angela Pezzotta, Regiane Aparecida Cavinato, Sistiana Aiello, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

ABSTRACT. This study found that pretransplant infusion of donor peripheral blood leukocytes, either total leukocytes (peripheral blood leukocytes) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), under appropriate immunomodulating conditions was more effective than donor bone marrow (BM) in prolonging the survival of rats that received kidney grafts. A higher percentage of MHCII+ cells was found in donor PBMC than in BM cells, and depletion of MHCII+ cells from donor PBMC abolished their tolerogenic potential. By the analysis of microchimerism in rats infused with donor cells and killed at different time points thereafter, the better tolerogenic potential of leukocyte infusion related to a higher capability of these cells to engraft the recipient thymus. PCR analysis on OX6-immunopurified cells revealed the presence of donor MHCII+ cells in the thymus of these animals. The role of intrathymic microchimerism was reinforced by findings that thymectomy at the time of transplant prevented tolerance induction by donor leukocytes. Donor DNA was found in the thymus of most long-term graft animals that survived, but in none of those that rejected their grafts. The presence of intrathymic microchimerism correlated with graft survival, and microchimerism in other tissues was irrelevant. PCR analysis of DNA from thymic cell subpopulations revealed the presence of donor MHCII+ cells in the thymus of long-term surviving animals. Thus, in rats, donor leukocyte infusion is better than donor BM for inducing graft tolerance, defined by long-term graft survival, donor-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness, and reduced interferon gamma production. This effect appears to occur through migration of donor MHCII+ cells in the host thymus.
The aging stomach Reply
Authors: M GUSLANDI, M LEE, M FELDMAN
Journal: Gut (1998)

Editor,—After reading Lee and Feldman’s excellent article on the aging stomach ( Gut 1997; 41 :425–6), I have realised how many concepts we take for granted even in the absence of clear-cut scientific evidence. In their exhaustive review Lee and Feldman emphasise the paucity of human studies on the state of mucosal defence systems in the elderly. I actually had some data on file which have never been published as I felt that the results were “too obvious” to interest any medical journal. I can only blame myself for not searching …  Dr Lee.

 Dr Lee.
Sarcoidosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: Clinical, tomographic and lung functions data from 72 patients
Authors: Agostinho Hermes Medeiros-Neto, Fabiola Gomes Rodrigues, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho, Ronaldo Adib Kairalla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

As part of major study on prevalence of pulmonary hypertention in outpatients with sarcoidosis, a sample of patients underwent prospective clinical, tomographic and lung function evaluation. Objective: to describe clinical, imaging and lung function data of 72 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis. Methods: Between September 2008 and September 2010, 72 consecutive patients underwent evaluation in a prospective fashion. All patients underwent clinical interview, chest radiography, high resolution computerized tomography and lung function tests (spirometry, lung volumes by pletysmography and carbon monoxide diffusion DLCO). Results: Clinical characterization: 69.4% female, age 54.5 ± 12.6. Smoking status: 63% non-smokers. Disease duration was 9.2 ± 6.1 years. Pulmonary involvement was the most prevalent (91.7%), followed by lymph nodes and cutaneous envolvement. Number of extra pulmonary organ involvement was 1.6 ± 1.1 organ per patient. Near 62% of patients had interrupted working activities for more than two weeks due to sarcoidosis morbidity. Up to 26% of patients had used imunossupressive drugs for sarcoidosis, and 81.6% had taken corticosteroids. Three patients (4.1%) used oxygen therapy. Scadding stage: 28.2% stage 0; 16.9% stage 1; 23.9% stage 3; 15.5% stage 3 and 15.5% stage 4. Lung function data: FVC 85.9 ± 16.5%, VEF1 82.7 ± 15.1%, VEF/CVF 96.8 ± 8.8%; TLC 89.7 ± 14.9%, RV 103.1 ± 26.1%; DLCO 76.7 ± 17,7%. Tomographic findings: parenchymal involvement in 64.5% of patients. Large (>1.5 cm) lymph nodes in 33.9%. Conclusion: our sample of patients prospectively evaluated is quite similar to other series of outpatiets described.
Low-Dose IL-17 Therapy Prevents and Reverses Diabetic Nephropathy, Metabolic Syndrome, and Associated Organ Fibrosis
Authors: Riyaz Mohamed, Calpurnia Jayakumar, Feng Chen, David Fulton, David Stepp, Ron T. Gansevoort, Ganesan Ramesh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for >45% of new cases of dialysis. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidant stress, pathologic features that are shared by many other chronic inflammatory diseases. The cytokine IL-17A was initially implicated as a mediator of chronic inflammatory diseases, but recent studies dispute these findings and suggest that IL-17A can favorably modulate inflammation. Here, we examined the role of IL-17A in diabetic nephropathy. We observed that IL-17A levels in plasma and urine were reduced in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Type 1 diabetic mice that are genetically deficient in IL-17A developed more severe nephropathy, whereas administration of low-dose IL-17A prevented diabetic nephropathy in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, IL-17A administration effectively treated, prevented, and reversed established nephropathy in genetic models of diabetes. Protective effects were also observed after administration of IL-17F but not IL-17C or IL-17E. Notably, tubular epithelial cell-specific overexpression of IL-17A was sufficient to suppress diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, IL-17A administration suppressed phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a central mediator of fibrosis, upregulated anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophage WAP domain protein in an AMP-activated protein kinase–dependent manner and favorably modulated renal oxidative stress and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Administration of recombinant microglia/macrophage WAP domain protein suppressed diabetes-induced albuminuria and enhanced M2 marker expression. These observations suggest that the beneficial effects of IL-17 are isoform-specific and identify low-dose IL-17A administration as a promising therapeutic approach in diabetic kidney disease.