tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy plus Cystectomy Compared with Cystectomy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer
Authors: H. Barton Grossman, Ronald B. Natale, Catherine M. Tangen, V.O. Speights, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Donald L. Trump, Ralph W. deVere White, Michael F. Sarosdy, David P. Wood, Derek Raghavan, E. David Crawford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Despite aggressive local therapy, patients with locally advanced bladder cancer are at significant risk for metastases. We evaluated the ability of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to improve the outcome in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer who were treated with radical cystectomy.Patients were enrolled if they had muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage T2 to T4a) and were to be treated with radical cystectomy. They were stratified according to age (less than 65 years vs. 65 years or older) and stage (superficial muscle invasion vs. more extensive disease) and were randomly assigned to radical cystectomy alone or three cycles of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy.We enrolled 317 patients over an 11-year period, 10 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 154 were assigned to receive surgery alone and 153 to receive combination therapy. According to an intention-to-treat analysis, the median survival among patients assigned to surgery alone was 46 months, as compared with 77 months among patients assigned to combination therapy (P=0.06 by a two-sided stratified log-rank test). In both groups, improved survival was associated with the absence of residual cancer in the cystectomy specimen. Significantly more patients in the combination-therapy group had no residual disease than patients in the cystectomy group (38 percent vs. 15 percent, P<0.001).As compared with radical cystectomy alone, the use of neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin followed by radical cystectomy increases the likelihood of eliminating residual cancer in the cystectomy specimen and is associated with improved survival among patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.
Coincidental polycythemia vera and multiple myeloma: Case report and review
Authors: Laura Fink, Frank Bauer, James J. Perry
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Polycythemia vera (PCV) and multiple myeloma are both clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells. The simultaneous occurrence of these diseases in an individual patient is rare. A case of synchronous PCV and smoldering myeloma is presented and the literature is reviewed. The issues of clinical importance in this unusual case include the mechanisms of anemia in multiple myeloma, the difficulty in using anemia as a parameter on which to base the initiation of therapy for myeloma, and the risks of treatment‐induced leukemia and myelodysplasia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of Attitudes of Hospital Staff to Cadaveric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: D. L. Crosby, W. E. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A survey of attitudes showed that apprehensions about the practical implications of cadaveric kidney transplantation were common in doctors and nurses in two acute general hospitals. It also indicated that lack of awareness about potentially suitable donors may be a contributing factor to the existing shortage of donor kidneys.
Asymmetric I-131 Uptake in the Submandibular Gland in the Setting of Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Daniel E. Meltzer, Nathalie V. Gebara, Sumina R. Goel, Munir Ghesani, Daniel B. Kuriloff, Deborah R. Shatzkes
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

I-131 scans may demonstrate asymmetric submandibular signal, secondary to physiologic or pathophysiologic processes. CT correlation may help distinguish metastatic lymphadenopathy from other causes of abnormal uptake. In this report, 2 patients with history of thyroid carcinoma underwent follow-up I-131 scintigraphy. Asymmetric submandibular uptake led to further evaluation with CT. In both cases, the asymmetric uptake was related to alterations of normal physiologic uptake and excretion in the submandibular gland, by different mechanisms. In the first case, excretion was impaired because of chronic obstruction. In the second case, asymmetry was due to chronic disease with impaired function on the contralateral side.
Anaesthetic Pharmacology Review
Authors: Jonathan D. Eldredge
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This new-niche journal has three broad purposes: to "present recent research and new ideas" concerning drugs employed in anesthesiology; to fulfill a continuing education function, particularly for those studying for examinations; and to focus each issue on one subject. The intended audiences are anesthesiologists and researchers in anesthetic pharmacology. <i>Anaesthetic Pharmacology Review</i>for the most part achieves these goals. Reviews offer concise, well-organized summaries of the more recent, generally accepted theories in each research area covered. The majority are authored by well-known experts in the field. The reviews are best suited as first-line sources for preparing a lecture, conference, or grand rounds presentation, or for pursuing further research on topics with a fairly narrow focus. While the subjects covered will be of interest to most practitioners in anesthetic pharmacology, the anesthesiologist in an academic medical center will find this new journal to be especially useful. Clinicians or physicians studying for
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Pukhraj Rishi, Pramod S Bhende
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 56-year-old man with diabetes presented with a several-month history of decreased vision in the left eye. There was no history of trauma, flashes of light, or floaters. Visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left. Examination of the left eye revealed extensive retinal neovascularization (Panel A, arrowheads) superior to the optic disk (asterisk), as well as underlying retinal detachment (arrows). A monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor was injected into the eye to reduce vascular proliferation before anticipated surgery. One week after a single intravitreal injection and 3 days before vitreous surgery, dramatic . . .
Trends in sales of inhaled corticosteroids and asthma outcomes in Singapore
Authors: D L Lim
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Asthma has become a major health problem in Asia, with a prevalence in many Asian countries approaching that of developed nations. The regular use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) has been shown in cohort and ecological studies to decrease hospital admission rates by up to 80%.1,2 Asthma related mortality has also been shown to decline with ICS use, even at low doses.1,3,4 Conversely, increased use of short acting β2 agonists (SABA) has been associated with increased mortality.5 This study assessed the possible relationship between changes in the use of ICS and SABA and hospital admission and mortality rates for asthma in Singapore.

An ecological population based study was performed from 1994 to 2002 in patients aged 5–64 years. Figures on mortality and hospital admission rates for asthma were obtained from …
A Greek Survey of Frequency and Current Treatment Modalities of Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (Pathos: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treatment Hellenic Oncology Survey)
Authors: John Souglakos, Vasilios Karavasilis, Eirini Tsotra, Epaminontas Samantas, Joseph Sgouros, Efterpi Basta, Kyriakos Amarantidis, Christos Papandreou, Ioannis Boukovinas, Dimitrios Doufexis, Georgia Labrodimou, Nikolaos Ziras, Nikolaos Kentepozidis, Georgios Stathopoulos, Evangelia Stathopoulou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
IMPROVED ACCURACY OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT FOR DETECTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BY MACHINE LEARNING IN A LARGE POPULATION
Authors: Reza Arsanjani, Yuan Xu, Damini Dey, Aryeh Shalev, Rine Nakanishi, Sean Hayes, Mathews Fish, Daniel Berman, Guido Germano, Piotr Slomka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Plasmoidal pigmentation of placenta and pregnancy in west Africa.
Authors: L J Bruce-Chwatt
Journal: BMJ (1983)

the British army raises the suspicion that there may indeed be some risk, since not even soldiers spend 12 %, of their time exercising (three hours in every day), and this suspicion has some support.5On the other hand, these cases had severe triple vessel disease and were at very high risk whatever they did, and they were no younger than those who died at rest.Furthermore, there is good evidence in animals,6 and some evidence in man,' that the area of myocardium at risk in angina pectoris may be substantially reduced by exercise.There is deep rooted suspicion about exercise which is as yet unjustified by the facts.Much more information is needed, but until it i s available it is prudent to screen those whom we think may be at high risk.Dr Harling rightly points to the exercise test as unsuitable in its present form, but I would direct him to the work of Linden's group in Leeds," which, by a simple adaptation, seems to have made exercise testing much more reliable.Whether deaths during exercise are random or not remains to be seen, but the debate is timely since, with the upsurge of interest in sport and the consequent shift in age and social class of those taking part, a larger proportion of coronary deaths may be expected to occur on the sports field.
NSAIDs and Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low incidence of hyperamylasemia after proximal double-balloon enteroscopy: has the insertion technique improved?
Authors: H. Aktas, P. Mensink, J. Haringsma, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Reported complications of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) include post-enteroscopy pancreatitis. Hyperamylasemia after proximal DBE is reported frequently, but the relationship to development of pancreatitis remains unclear. Hyperamylasemia may be related to balloon inflation in the pancreatic head region. The aims of the study were to identify risk factors for hyperamylasemia and to determine the incidence of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis when a modified cautious DBE insertion protocol was used.In a prospective study, involving consecutive patients undergoing a proximal DBE, serum amylase activity was assessed immediately before and after the procedure.135 patients were included (men 78, women 57; mean age 49 years [range 17 - 88]). The mean total procedure time was 73 minutes (range 30 - 150 minutes), and mean number of passes during the proximal DBE was 14 (6 - 24). While patients (17 %) developed hyperamylasemia after the DBE procedure, only one patient with hyperamylasemia had clinical symptoms indicating a mild acute pancreatitis (0.7 %). Total procedure time and number of passes correlated significantly with the occurrence of hyperamylasemia.We found a low incidence of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis post-DBE. Theoretically, this could result from the modified insertion technique, with local strain and friction of the small bowel as remaining causes of hyperamylasemia, a notion supported by the significant relation between hyperamylasemia and duration of DBE and total number of passes. We therefore advise use of the cautious insertion technique and, if possible, reduction of duration and of number of passes in every proximal DBE.
Airborne PM <sub>2.5</sub> Chemical Components and Low Birth Weight in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States
Authors: Keita Ebisu, Michelle L. Bell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Previous studies on air pollutants and birth outcomes have reported inconsistent results. Chemical components of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) composition are spatially -heterogeneous, which might contribute to discrepancies across PM2.5 studies.Objectives: We explored whether birth weight at term is affected by PM2.5, PM10 (PM ≤ 10 µm), and gaseous pollutants.Methods: We calculated exposures during gestation and each trimester for PM2.5 chemical components, PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide for births in 2000–2007 for states in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Associations between exposures and risk of low birth weight (LBW) were adjusted by family and individual characteristics and region. Interaction terms were used to investigate whether risk differs by race or sex.Results: Several PM2.5 chemical components were associated with LBW. Risk increased 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4, 6.5%), 4.7% (3.2, 6.2%), 5.7% (2.7, 8.8%), and 5.0% (3.1, 7.0%) per interquartile range increase of PM2.5 aluminum, elemental carbon, nickel, and titanium, respectively. Other PM2.5 chemical components and gaseous pollutants showed associations, but were not statistically significant in multipollutant models. The trimester associated with the highest relative risk differed among pollutants. Effect estimates for PM2.5 elemental carbon and nickel were higher for infants of white mothers than for those of African-American mothers, and for males than females.Conclusions: Most exposure levels in our study area were in compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air pollution standards; however, we identified associations between PM2.5 components and LBW. Findings suggest that some PM2.5 components may be more harmful than others, and that some groups may be particularly susceptible.
Self-Selection Effects in Smokers Attending Lung Cancer Screening: A 9.5-Year Population-Based Cohort Study in Varese, Italy
Authors: Lorenzo Dominioni, Nicola Rotolo, Albino Poli, Massimo Paolucci, Fausto Sessa, Vincenzo D'Ambrosio, Antonio Paddeu, William Mantovani, Andrea Imperatori
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Acute Metabolic Responses to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: HAROLD E. LEBOVITZ, KIRKWOOD T. SHULTZ, MINOR E. MATTHEWS, RICHARD SCHEELE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Glucose utilization and secretion of insulin and growth hormone after intravenous administration of glucose were measured during the evolution of myocardial infarctions. Two patterns of responses were found. Patients who developed myocardial infarction with either no prior cardiovascular disease or stable coronary artery disease had depressed glucose utilization for the first 48 hours and exhibited a hyperinsulinemic response to glucose during the sixth to fourteenth day; and, about 50% of them, had an increase in the secretion of growth hormone during the initial 4 days of the infarction. Patients who had had progressively increasing angina in the 7 to 14 days preceding infarction showed a different pattern. No initial depression of glucose utilization was found. Their hyperinsulinemic response occurred within the first 96 hours of the occlusion. Growth hormone secretion was increased in 83% of the patients during the first 96 hours. The data suggest the possibility that the exaggerated insulin secretion may be associated with myocardial repair processes while the changes in growth hormone secretion may be related to the acute stress or necrosis of the infarction.
NEW ISOLATES OF HFRS VIRUS IN SICHUAN, CHINA AND CHARACTERISATION OF ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Authors: DongYou Yan, YunJu Xie, ChuanAn Zhang, J.B. Mccormick, A. Sanchez, H.M. Engelman, ShangZhi Chen, XianShi Gu, WenTing Tang, Jian Zhang
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Diagnosis of “shaken baby syndrome” still valid, appeal court rules
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The role of the three classic signs of “shaken baby syndrome” in diagnosing intentional head injury was endorsed by the Court of Appeal last week in a test case aimed at casting doubt on their validity.

Lawyers for four people convicted of killing or causing grievous bodily harm by shaking babies in their care argued that new research had cast doubt on the link between shaking and the triad of injuries—encephalopathy, subdural haemorrhages, and retinal haemorrhages—traditionally regarded as diagnostic of shaken baby syndrome.

They cited papers by neuropathologist Jennian Geddes and colleagues that hypothesised that the triad could be …
Transurethral Prostatectomy — A General Review: I. Prostates and bladder necks not suitable for transurethral resection. II. Two complications of T.U.R.
Authors: G. Baumrucker
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

Conditions not suitable for T.U.R. are described; the overly large middle lobe; the filiform urethral stricture; and multiple bladder calculi. One cause of epididymitis is discussed.
The rationing debate: Defining a package of healthcare services the NHS is responsible for The case for
Authors: B. New
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The use of tattoo removal as an example of NHS rationing is now so common that it is in danger of trivialising an important debate. Behind such questions as “Should the NHS be devoting resources to tattoo removal?” lies a more fundamental issue: what kinds of benefit should the NHS provide?

Most readers will assume that defining a healthcare “package” is a means of rationing healthcare resources. In other words, faced with the task of managing the limited NHS budget one option is to exclude some services altogether. But my case rests on a different interpretation of a package and involves asking a preliminary question. Before deciding how to ration, we need to know what to ration: What is the range of services relevant to the role of the NHS? What “business” is the NHS in? Is it the NHS's job to provide fertility treatment, physiotherapy for sports injuries, long term nursing care, gender reassignment, adult dentistry, and cosmetic surgery? Or should these services be provided by local authorities, voluntary agencies, or the private sector? The question does not rely on clinical judgment. It is about the boundary of a public institution's responsibilities. And it is a question which has been muddled up with issues of rationing proper.

The need to address this question derives from a growing sense of confusion and uncertainty about what it is reasonable to expect from the NHS. For example, where one lives can have a decisive effect on whether or not NHS treatment is available. The 1991 NHS reforms were an important catalyst in this process: purchasing authorities now concentrate on commissioning health care for their resident populations, rather than on management issues. Wishing to be seen to be making the best use of financial allocations, some took the view that certain services were …
The association between HIV and antituberculosis drug resistance
Authors: C. E. French, J. R. Glynn, M. E. Kruijshaar, I. C. Ditah, V. Delpech, I. Abubakar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

In the UK, HIV is considered to be a risk factor for antituberculosis drug resistance. Evidence of the association is, however, inconclusive and there are few population-level data. The present study investigated the association in England and Wales during the period 1999-2005. National tuberculosis surveillance data for adults were matched to HIV/AIDS reports. Unmatched cases were assumed to be HIV-negative. Separate analyses were conducted on new tuberculosis cases and those with a previous diagnosis. Logistic regression was used for univariable and multivariable analyses. There were 1,657 previously diagnosed cases (80 HIV-positive) and 18,130 new cases (1,156 HIV-positive). Isoniazid resistance was found in 8.1% of previously diagnosed cases and 6.6% of new cases, and multidrug resistance in 2.8% and 0.7%, respectively. There was no evidence of an association between HIV and antituberculosis drug resistance among previously diagnosed cases. Among new cases, there was no overall association between HIV and isoniazid or multidrug resistance after adjusting for confounding factors. White HIV-positive patients were more likely to have multidrug resistance, but numbers were small. In contrast to some previous studies, this large, up-to-date study provides little evidence that HIV co-infected tuberculosis patients in England and Wales are at increased risk of firstline antituberculosis drug resistance.
Identification of the viral genes responsible for growth of strains of reovirus in cultured mouse heart cells.
Authors: Y Matoba, B Sherry, B N Fields, T W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Viral growth in specific tissue is usually required in order to lead to pathology. Two reovirus isolates (type 1 Lang and type 3 Dearing) differ in their capacity to grow in cultured mouse heart cells. The mammalian reoviruses contain a genome of 10 double-stranded RNA gene segments. By the use of 37 reassortant viruses (consisting of viruses with different combinations of genes derived from the two parents), difference in capacity of different strains to grow in heart cells was mapped to three different genes, all of which encode viral core proteins: the M1 gene (P less than 0.000044); the L1 gene (P = 0.00094); and the L3 gene (P = 0.019). Using the same set of reassortant viruses, the L1 (P = 0.00015) and L3 (P = 0.0065) genes were involved in differences of the ability of viral strains to grow in mouse L cells (fibroblasts), but the M1 gene (P = 0.12) was not. These findings suggest that the M1 gene plays an important and specific role in determining the relative capacity of certain viral strains to grow in the heart. Thus, we have identified viral genes responsible for differing growth capacity in heart muscle cells in culture. These findings provide a novel system for studies of viral myocarditis at a molecular genetic level.
Treatment Proposed for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Research Continues to Compile Data on Disorder
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A POSSIBLE treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome is emerging, just as some hard evidence could begin bolstering claims that patients given this controversial diagnosis may not be simply suffering from depression. For example, of 527 patients referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, with this possible diagnosis, 27% met the CDC's criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. These criteria include having debilitating fatigue lasting at least 6 months plus eight of 11 other influenza-like symptoms such as muscle and joint pain without psychological problems preceding the onset of fatigue. Half the patients had no psychological symptoms. Much of the depression that did occur seemed to be a normal response to their illness, says Walter Gunn, PhD, principal investigator of chronic fatigue research at the CDC. <h3>Therapy Reported</h3> On the heels of Gunn's presentation of those data at the American Medical Association Science Reporters Conference in Atlanta (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2336-2340),