tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End tidal carbon dioxide as an haemodynamic determinant of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the rat
Authors: M. VON PLANTA, I. VON PLANTA, M. H. WEIL, S. BRUNO, J. BISERA, E. C RACKOW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

End tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) has been found to be a good prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. To explore the value of this measurement further, we carried out a series of experiments during cardiac arrest and closed chest resuscitation in 14 mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced by a 10 mA current delivered to the right ventricular endocardium. After 4 min of VF, precordial compression was begun with a mechanical thumper and defibrillation was attempted 2 min later. PETCO2 decreased abruptly during cardiac arrest to 0.3 mm Hg (0.04 kPa). With precordial compression, it increased to 11 mm Hg (1.5 kPa). Within 3 min of successful defibrillation, there was an overshoot in the PETCO2 to 44 mm Hg (5.8 kPa) with return to baseline levels approximating those of the pre-arrest control measurements over the 60 min that followed restoration of spontaneous circulation. The PETCO2 measurement during precordial compression predicted the success of defibrillation with return of spontaneous circulation. When PETCO2 exceeded 9 mm Hg (1.2 kpA), 7 of 8 animals were successfully resuscitated. When PETCO2 was less than 9 mm Hg during precordial compression, none of six animals were successfully resuscitated. The PETCO2 correlated with the mean aortic (r=0.71) and coronary perfusion pressure (r=0.80) generated during precordial compression. In corroboration of previously reported observations on pigs, dogs, and human patients, PETCO2 served as a non-invasive monitor of the effectiveness of precordial compression for maintaining coronary perfusion and therefore cardiac viability during CPR. The PETCO2 was also useful in that it promptly signalled restoration of spontaneous circulation.
Role of the autonomic nervous system in the release of rat submandibular gland kallikrein into the circulation.
Authors: S F Rabito, T B Orstavik, A G Scicli, A Schork, O A Carretero
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We have previously demonstrated that the rat submandibular gland releases immunoreactive kallikrein into the circulation. To study the role of the autonomic nervous system in this release, submandibular gland blood flow and kallikrein concentration in peripheral arterial and venous blood from the gland were measured and secretion rates calculated before and after parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve stimulation (8V, 2 msec, 10 Hz) for 1 minute. Immunoreactive kallikrein in plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay, and timed collections of venous outflow were used to measure blood flow. During basal conditions, the unstimulated submandibular gland of the rat released immunoreactive kallikrein into blood at the rate of 0.92 +/- 0.07 ng/min. Parasympathetic stimulation increased blood flow 4-fold (before, 68.5 +/- 8.3 microliters/min; after, 253.5 +/- 76.2; P less than 0.05) without significantly changing immunoreactive kallikrein secretion rate. Sympathetic stimulation produced an 11-fold increase in blood flow (before, 64.9 +/- 9.3 microliters/min; after, 709.6 +/- 97.5; P less than 0.05) and a 57-fold increase in immunoreactive kallikrein secretion rate from the gland (before, 1.05 +/- 0.25 ng/min; after, 59.8 +/- 18.6; P less than 0.05). Sympathetic stimulation also produced a 4-fold increase in the concentration of immunoreactive glandular kallikrein in arterial plasma (before, 15.2 +/- 1.1 ng/ml; after, 56.2 +/- 12.9; P less than 0.05). Pretreatment with phentolamine (1 mg/kg) or prazosin (0.2 mg/kg) blocked the increase in kallikrein secretion rate produced by sympathetic stimulation. These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system, through activation of alpha 1-adrenoreceptors, controls kallikrein secretion from the submandibular gland into the circulation. Released kallikrein may be responsible for the reactive vasodilation observed in the rat submandibular gland after sympathetic stimulation.
759 COMBINATION OF TMC435 WITH TWO NOVEL NS5B INHIBITORS INCREASES ANTI HCV ACTIVITY AND RESULTS IN A HIGHER GENETIC BARRIER IN VITRO
Authors: O. Lenz, J.M. Berke, H. de Kock, P. van Remoortere, O. Nyanguile, S. Vendeville, T. Jonckers, P. Raboisson, K. Simmen, G. Fanning, T.-I. Lin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Cystic medial necrosis of the aorta in patients without Marfan's syndrome: Surgical outcome and long-term follow-up
Authors: Dominic L. Marsalese, Douglas S. Moodie, Bruce W. Lytle, Delos M. Cosgrove, Norman B. Ratliff, Marlene Goormastic, Andrea Kovacs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
NHS hospitals urged to improve medicines management
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Healthcare Commission says that efforts to improve the prescribing and dispensing of medicines should be stepped up after an assessment of practice in 173 acute hospital trusts in England.

In the assessment, 18 hospital trusts received the highest rating of excellent, 70 were classed as good, 73 as fair, and 12 as weak.

The trusts were …
A comparative study of benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin phosphate for treating acne vulgaris
Authors: L.J. SWINYER, M.D. BAKER, THALIA A. SWINYER, O.H. MILLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article A comparative study of benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin phosphate for treating acne vulgaris Get access L.J. SWINYER, L.J. SWINYER University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. Leonard J. Swinyer, M.D., 3920 South 1100 East Salt Lake City, UT 84117, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.D. BAKER, M.D. BAKER Owen Laboratories, Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar THALIA A. SWINYER, THALIA A. SWINYER University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O.H. MILLS, Jr O.H. MILLS, Jr UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 5, 1 November 1988, Pages 615–622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03472.x Published: 01 November 1988
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Cylindroma) of the Trachea Masquerading as Asthma
Authors: Ahmet Baydur
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A 40-year-old woman was admitted with upper airway obstruction; chest roentgenogram with tomograms, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy verified the presence of a subglottic tumor. Spirometry disclosed a maximum inspiratory flow rate more reduced than in the maximum expiratory flow rate, suggestive of upper airway obstruction. The pathologic conditions were consistent with cystic adenoid carcinoma (cylindroma) of the trachea. The patient underwent tracheostomy and total laryngectomy with an uneventful recovery. No evidence of local extension or distant metastases were evident at time of surgery.
How effective are non-drug, non-surgical treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea?
Authors: K. S. Khan, R. Champaneria, P. M. Latthe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Primary dysmenorrhoea is a common, idiopathic, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, but its unknown aetiology prevents targeted treatment. Systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs1 2 3 4 5 and hormonal regulation through oral contraception6 are significantly more effective for pain relief than placebo and are often used for symptom control.7 8 However, some women may not always find them effective or acceptable—for example, owing to side effects in the case of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.1 Non-drug treatments, including alternative and physical therapies, are increasingly being used for dysmenorrhoea. However, their effectiveness is still being debated.

This paper is based on our review in Clinical Evidence in which we examined a number of systematic reviews and trials that looked at the effects of many treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea, identified through literature searches (from database inception until January 2010) of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and bibliographic databases of the US Food and Drug Administration and the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.9 

The quality of available evidence was moderate to poor, for both drug and non-drug treatments. In particular, well designed trials comparing interventions head to head or against placebo were scarce. The meta-analyses found that drug treatments (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and combined oral contraception) were effective. Evidence on surgical treatments found that laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation was ineffective.29 30 31 For non-drug treatments the review showed substantive uncertainty, which hampers the generation of clinical guidance. The table⇓ shows the results of our examination.

View this table:

Non-drug, non-surgical treatments for primary dysmenorrhoea



### Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A Cochrane review included seven very low quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of this physical treatment.10 Patients had greater pain relief with high frequency TENS than placebo (odds ratio 7.2, 95% confidence interval 3.1 to 16.5), but low …
Absence of effect of cardiac denervation and induced right ventricular failure on canine myocardial norepinephrine binding sites
Authors: D. D. O'KEEFE, R. J. LEFKOWITZ, R. N. GRANTHAM, E. A. BEIERHOLM, W. M. DAGGETT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines appears to be altered in chronic cardiac denervation and failure. We have studied in vitro the binding of tritiated norepinephrine (3H-NE) to binding sites in myocardial membrane fractions prepared from canine right and left ventricles. Twenty-six dogs were studied; eight were normal controls, two had sham operations, eight had cardiac denervation, and eight had cardiac failure. Myocardial membranes were incubated with 5 × 10-9 mol/1 3H-NE in vitro and displacement studies with unlabelled norepinephrine performed. Computer-generated Scatchard plots indicated K (affinity constant of binding in 1/mol x 106) and q (number of binding sites in mol/mg of protein x 10-10). No group differed significantly from normal and sham controls. These results suggested that altered myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines in cardiac denervation and failure is not due to altered affinity or concentration of norepinephrine binding sites.
The Changing Emphasis in Clinical Research
Authors: ALVAN R. FEINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Special Article1 February 1967The Changing Emphasis in Clinical ResearchII. Sites and Sources of the InvestigationsALVAN R. FEINSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., NEAL KOSS, M.D.ALVAN R. FEINSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, NEAL KOSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-2-420 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe convergence of meetings in Atlantic City each spring brings together clinical investigators from almost every medical research institution in the United States and in many other countries. The assembled investigators hear and discuss the research projects presented by three national organizations whose annual programs, which occur in consecutive daily sequence, constitute "The Spring Meetings." The material presented on the programs is selected from abstracts submitted or introduced by members of these organizations, which are (in the order of the meetings) the American Federation for Clinical Research (AFCR), the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), and the Association of American...References1. FEINSTEINKOSSAUSTIN ARNJH: The changing emphasis in clinical research. I. Topics under investigation. An analysis of the submitted abstracts and selected programs at the annual "Atlantic City Meetings" during 1953 through 1965. Ann. Intern. Med. 66: 396, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Haven and West Haven, ConnecticutFrom the Departments of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., and West Haven VA Hospital, West Haven, Conn.This study was supported in part by a grant from the Yale University School of Medicine Fluid Research Funds, New Haven, Conn.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Alvan R. Feinstein, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, Conn. 06510. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLetters/EditorialBasic biomedical science and the destruction of the pathophysiologic bridge from bench to bedsideEvolution of abstracts presented at the annual scientific meetings of academic emergency medicineEvolution of abstracts presented at the annual scientific meetings of academic emergency medicineComparison of Types of Research Articles Published in Emergency Medicine and Non-Emergency Medicine JournalsA review of the journal of pediatrics: the first 50 yearsThe Changing Emphasis in Clinical Research I. Topics Under Investigation. An Analysis of the Submitted Abstracts and Selected Programs at the Annual "Atlantic City Meetings" During 1953 Through 1965ALVAN R. FEINSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., NEAL KOSS, M.D., JOHN H. M. AUSTIN, M.D. 1 February 1967Volume 66, Issue 2Page: 420-434KeywordsHospital medicineResearch funding Issue Published: 1 February 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An activating Pik3ca mutation coupled with Pten loss is sufficient to initiate ovarian tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Kathryn M. Kinross, Karen G. Montgomery, Margarete Kleinschmidt, Paul Waring, Ivan Ivetac, Anjali Tikoo, Mirette Saad, Lauren Hare, Vincent Roh, Theo Mantamadiotis, Karen E. Sheppard, Georgina L. Ryland, Ian G. Campbell, Kylie L. Gorringe, James G. Christensen, Carleen Cullinane, Rodney J. Hicks, Richard B. Pearson, Ricky W. Johnstone, Grant A. McArthur, Wayne A. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Mutations in the gene encoding the p110α subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) that result in enhanced PI3K activity are frequently observed in human cancers. To better understand the role of mutant PIK3CA in the initiation or progression of tumorigenesis, we generated mice in which a PIK3CA mutation commonly detected in human cancers (the H1047R mutation) could be conditionally knocked into the endogenous Pik3ca locus. Activation of this mutation in the mouse ovary revealed that alone, Pik3caH1047R induced premalignant hyperplasia of the ovarian surface epithelium but no tumors. Concomitantly, we analyzed several human ovarian cancers and found PIK3CA mutations coexistent with KRAS and/or PTEN mutations, raising the possibility that a secondary defect in a co-regulator of PI3K activity may be required for mutant PIK3CA to promote transformation. Consistent with this notion, we found that Pik3caH1047R mutation plus Pten deletion in the mouse ovary led to the development of ovarian serous adenocarcinomas and granulosa cell tumors. Both mutational events were required for early, robust Akt activation. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/mTOR in these mice delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival. These results demonstrate that the Pik3caH1047R mutation with loss of Pten is enough to promote ovarian cell transformation and that we have developed a model system for studying possible therapies.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of 11-β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 and Glucocorticoid Receptor in Subclinical Cushing’s Disease due to Pituitary Macroadenoma
Authors: Takanori Ebisawa, Katsuyoshi Tojo, Naoko Tajima, Masami Kamio, Yutaka Oki, Katsuhiko Ono, Hironobu Sasano
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2008)
Hemosiderosis with diabetes mellitus in untransfused hemoglobin H disease
Authors: C.S. Chim, Vivian Chan, D. Todd
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A 37-year-old untransfused, non-drinking man with Hemoglobin H-CS disease presented with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, markedly elevated serum ferritin level, and marked iron deposition in hepatocytes. He did not carry either of the two common mutations of the HLA-H gene for hereditary hemochromatosis, namely, Cys282Tyr and His68Asp, nor did he have the associated HLA marker (HLA-A3, B7 nor B-14) for the disease. Patient with HbH disease should be monitored for iron overload. Am. J. Hematol. 57:160–163, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: D J Barker, K M Godfrey, C Fall, C Osmond, P D Winter, S O Shaheen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether birth weight, infant weight, and childhood respiratory infection are associated with adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease. DESIGN--Follow up study of men born during 1911-30 whose birth weights, weights at 1 year, and childhood illnesses were recorded at the time by health visitors. SETTING--Hertfordshire, England. SUBJECTS--5718 men born in the county during 1911-30 and a subgroup of 825 men born in the county during 1920-30 and still living there. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Death from chronic obstructive airways disease, mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS--55 men died of chronic obstructive airways disease. Death rates fell with increasing birth weight and weight at 1 year. Mean FEV1 at age 59 to 70 years, adjusted for height and age, rose by 0.06 litre (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.09) with each pound (450 g) increase in birth weight, independently of smoking habit and social class. Bronchitis or pneumonia in infancy was associated with a 0.17 litre (0.02 to 0.32) reduction in adult FEV1 and with an increased odds ratio of wheezing and persistent sputum production in adult life independently of birth weight, smoking habit, and social class. Whooping cough in infancy was associated with a 0.22 litre (0.02 to 0.42) reduction in adult FEV1. CONCLUSIONS--Lower birth weight was associated with worse adult lung function. Intrauterine influences which retard fetal weight gain may irrecoverably constrain the growth of the airways. Bronchitis, pneumonia, or whooping cough in infancy further reduced adult lung function. They also retarded infant weight gain. Consistent with this, death from chronic obstructive airways disease in adult life was associated with lower birth weight and weight at 1 year. Promoting lung growth in fetuses and infants and reducing the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection in infancy may reduce the incidence of chronic obstructive airways disease in the next generation.
P25 Relationships between airway hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation and airway calibre in asthmatic subjects
Authors: P. Short, S. Lipworth, B. Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> We wished to examine therelationships between inflammation (FE<sub>NO</sub>),methacholine challenge (AHR) and airway calibre (FEV1%) in a group of mild-to-moderate asthmatics. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched our patient database forthose individuals with a known diagnosis of asthma who had a methacholine PC<sub>20</sub>≤ 8 mg/ml. Data regarding FEV1%, FE<sub>NO</sub>, skinprick and methacholinePC<sub>20</sub> were collected and divided into groups based upon AHR: severe (&lt;0.5 mg/ml), moderate (&gt;0.5–2 mg/ml) and mild (&gt;2–8 mg/ml); and FE<sub>NO</sub>: low (&lt;25 ppb), medium (25–50 ppb) and high (&gt;50 ppb). <h3>Results</h3> We identified 208 who had a known diagnosis of asthma, a methacholinePC<sub>20</sub> ≤8 mg/ml, as well as FE<sub>NO</sub> and skin prick testing. Mean age (SEM) was 41.1 (1). There was an 8.5% difference in FEV1% between groups A and C, (95% CI (2.6% to 14.4%) p=0.002) and a 29% difference for FE<sub>NO</sub> between groups A and C, (95%CI (2% to 48%) p=0.034). There was a 1.29 doubling dilution difference in methacholinePC<sub>20</sub> (95%CI (0.26 to 2.33) p= 0.009) between groups D and F. There was no significant difference between FEV1% when grouped by FE<sub>NO</sub> (See Abstract P25 Table 1). Applying multiple stepwise linear regression showed that FE<sub>NO</sub> and FEV1% were both significant predictors of methacholine PC20 (p= 0.002, p&lt;0.001). Only methacholine PC<sub>20</sub> was a significant predictor of FE<sub>NO</sub> (p=0.002). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study has highlighted the disconnect between airway inflammation and airway calibre, whilst showing a significant relationship between AHR versus airway calibre and inflammation. Thus, whilst relationships exist between these independent outcomes, the lack of complete concordance highlights the important role that each contributes to the assessment of the asthmatic individual.
Rapid Resolution of Coronary Arterial Emboli
Authors: RONALD J. O'REILLY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Two patients were studied in whom acute embolic coronary occlusion with subsequent myocardial infarction occurred during cardiac catheterization. On follow-up angiographic examination 5½ and 8 weeks after the infarction, normal coronary vessels were seen with no residual defect at the site of the previously proved occlusion. Coronary emboli are capable of rapid resolution. Coronary embolization with subsequent canalization or lysis merits consideration as a cause of myocardial infarction with subsequent normal coronary arteriograms.
Robotic search: What's in it for comparative cognition?
Authors: Carlo De Lillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Although the advantage of biorobotics over traditional modelling tools is not always evident from the studies on animal search addressed in the target article, this commentary argues that testing different robotic architectures and specific biological organisms in structured search spaces, where environmental constraints matter, might prove one of the most promising research strategies in comparative cognition.