tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Tumor Destruction Following Photodynamic Therapy With Hematoporphyrin Derivative, Chlorin, and Phthalocyanine
Authors: J. S. Nelson, L.-H. Liaw, A. Orenstein, W. G. Roberts, M. W. Berns
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Mechanism of Tumor Destruction Following Photodynamic Therapy With Hematoporphyrin Derivative, Chlorin, and Phthalocyanine Get access J. Stuart Nelson, J. Stuart Nelson * Department of Sugery, and the Beckman Laset Institute and Medical Clinic. University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA *Correspondence to: J. Stuart Nelson, M.D., Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92715. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lih-Huei Liaw, Lih-Huei Liaw Department of Sugery, and the Beckman Laset Institute and Medical Clinic. University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arie Orenstein, Arie Orenstein Department of Sugery, and the Beckman Laset Institute and Medical Clinic. University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Gregory Roberts, W. Gregory Roberts Department of Sugery, and the Beckman Laset Institute and Medical Clinic. University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael W. Berns Michael W. Berns Department of Sugery, and the Beckman Laset Institute and Medical Clinic. University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 20, 21 December 1988, Pages 1599–1605, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.20.1599 Published: 21 December 1988 Article history Received: 13 July 1988 Revision received: 14 October 1988 Accepted: 18 October 1988 Published: 21 December 1988
Cdx1 induced intestinal metaplasia in the transgenic mouse stomach: comparative study with Cdx2 transgenic mice
Authors: H Mutoh
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Gastric intestinal metaplasia, which is mainly induced by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, is thought to be a precancerous lesion of gastric adenocarcinoma. Intestinal metaplastic mucosa expresses intestine specific homeobox genes, <i>Cdx1</i> and <i>Cdx2</i>, in the human gastric mucosa. We and others have reported that ectopic expression of Cdx2 in the gastric epithelium generates intestinal metaplasia in the transgenic mouse model. <b>Methods:</b> To clarify the differences in the roles of Cdx1 and Cdx2 in intestinal metaplasia, we generated transgenic mice expressing Cdx1 in the gastric mucosa and compared Cdx1 induced gastric mucosal morphological changes with Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplasia. <b>Results:</b> The gastric mucosa in Cdx1 transgenic mice was completely replaced by intestinal metaplastic mucosa, consisting of all four intestinal epithelial cell types: absorptive enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells. Paneth cells, which were not recognised in Cdx2 transgenic mice, were in the upper portion of the intestinal metaplastic mucosa. Pseudopyloric gland metaplasia, which was induced in Cdx2 transgenic mice, was not recognised in Cdx1 transgenic mice. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells were diffusely scattered in Cdx1 induced intestinal metaplastic mucosa while PCNA positive cells in Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplastic mucosa were in the base of the metaplastic mucosa. Intestinal metaplastic mucosa of Cdx1 transgenic mouse stomach was significantly thicker than that of wild-type or Cdx2 transgenic mouse stomach. <b>Conclusions:</b> We have confirmed that Cdx1 induced gastric intestinal metaplasia but that it differed from Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplasia in differentiation, structure, and proliferation.
Bias in Associations of Emerging Biomarkers With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ioanna Tzoulaki, Konstantinos C. Siontis, Evangelos Evangelou, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Numerous cardiovascular biomarkers are proposed as potential predictors of cardiovascular risk.To evaluate whether there is evidence for biases favoring statistically significant results and inflating associations in this literature.PubMed search for meta-analyses of cardiovascular biomarkers that are not part of the Framingham Risk Score.We estimated summary effects and between-study heterogeneity (considered "very large" for I2 > 75%). We evaluated whether large studies had significantly more conservative results than smaller studies (small-study effects) and whether there were too many studies with statistically significant results compared with what would be expected on the basis of the findings of the largest study in each meta-analysis.Of 56 eligible meta-analyses, 49 had statistically significant results. Very large heterogeneity and small-study effects were seen in 9 and 13 meta-analyses, respectively. In 29 meta-analyses (52%), there was a significant excess of studies with statistically significant results. Only 13 of the statistically significant meta-analyses had more than 1000 cases and no hints of large heterogeneity, small-study effects, or excess significance. These included the associations of glomerular filtration rate and albumin to creatinine ratio in general and high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease mortality and of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum albumin, Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG, glycosylated hemoglobin, nonfasting insulin, apolipoprotein B/AI ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase mass or activity with coronary heart disease.Selective reporting biases may be common in the evidence on emerging cardiovascular biomarkers. Most of the proposed associations of these biomarkers may be inflated.
Fatty Acid Composition of Serum and Aortic Intimal Lipids in Rabbits Fed Low- and High-Cholesterol Diets
Authors: DONALD B. ZILVERSMIT, CHARLES C. SWEELEY, HOWARD A. I. NEWMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Lipid fractions from plasma and atheromatous lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits were analyzed for fatty acids by gas-liquid chro matography. Pronounced differences in the fatty acid composition of plasma and arterial phospholipid fractions support the concept that these lipids are not just random deposits of the corresponding plasma lipids. Cholesterol esters of intimal lesions also differ in fatty acid composition from the plasma esters. Triglycerides ill intima and plasma showed the greatest similarity in composition.
Antiestrogenic action of dihydrotestosterone in mouse breast. Competition with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor.
Authors: R W Casey, J D Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Feminization in men occurs when the effective ratio of androgen to estrogen is lowered. Since sufficient estrogen is produced in normal men to induce breast enlargement in the absence of adequate amounts of circulating androgens, it has been generally assumed that androgens exert an antiestrogenic action to prevent feminization in normal men. We examined the mechanisms of this effect of androgens in the mouse breast. Administration of estradiol via silastic implants to castrated virgin CBA/J female mice results in a doubling in dry weight and DNA content of the breast. The effect of estradiol can be inhibited by implantation of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (dihydrotestosterone), whereas dihydrotestosterone alone had no effect on breast growth. Estradiol administration also enhances the level of progesterone receptor in mouse breast. Within 4 d of castration, the progesterone receptor virtually disappears and estradiol treatment causes a twofold increase above the level in intact animals. Dihydrotestosterone does not compete for binding to the progesterone receptor, but it does inhibit estrogen-mediated increases of progesterone receptor content of breast tissue cytosol from both control mice and mice with X-linked testicular feminization (tfm)/Y. Since tfm/Y mice lack a functional androgen receptor, we conclude that this antiestrogenic action of androgen is not mediated by the androgen receptor. Dihydrotestosterone competes with estradiol for binding to the cytosolic estrogen receptor of mouse breast, whereas 17 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-3-one (5 beta-dihydrotestosterone) neither competes for binding nor inhibits estradiol-mediated induction of the progesterone receptor. Dihydrotestosterone also promotes the translocation of estrogen receptor from cytoplasm to nucleus; the ratio of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear receptor changes from 3:1 in the castrate to 1:2 in dihydrotestosterone-treated mice. Thus, the antiestrogenic effect of androgen in mouse breast may be the result of effects of dihydrotestosterone on the estrogen receptor. If so, dihydrotestosterone performs one of its major actions independent of the androgen receptor.
L-carnitine enhances excretion of propionyl coenzyme A as propionylcarnitine in propionic acidemia.
Authors: C R Roe, D S Millington, D A Maltby, T P Bohan, C L Hoppel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Treatment with L-carnitine greatly enhanced the formation and excretion of short-chain acylcarnitines in three patients with propionic acidemia and in three normal controls. The use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and linked scanning at constant magnetic (B) to electric (E) field ratio identified the acylcarnitine as propionylcarnitine in patients with propionic acidemia. The normal children excreted mostly acetylcarnitine. Propionic acidemia and other organic acidurias are characterized by the intramitochondrial accumulation of short-chain acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) compounds. The substrate specificity of the carnitine acetyltransferase enzyme and its steady state nature appears to facilitate elimination of propionyl groups while restoring the acyl-CoA:free CoA ratio in the mitochondrion. We suggest that L-carnitine may be a useful therapeutic approach for elimination of toxic acyl CoA compounds in several of these disorders.
Gas cooking, kitchen ventilation, and asthma, allergic symptoms and sensitization in young children – the PIAMA study
Authors: S. M. Willers, B. Brunekreef, M. Oldenwening, H. A. Smit, M. Kerkhof, H. De Vries, J. Gerritsen, J. C. De Jongste
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Several studies reported inconsistent associations between using gas for cooking and respiratory symptoms or lung function in children. Kitchen ventilation characteristics may modify the relationship between gas cooking and respiratory health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of kitchen ventilation (while cooking) on the relationship between gas cooking, combustion product dispersal, and respiratory and allergic outcomes in children. Methods: Data on respiratory and allergic symptoms and diagnoses were collected by yearly questionnaires in a population of over 3000 children participating in a birth cohort study on development of allergy and asthma. At 4 years of age, a sub‐sample of 647 children provided blood samples for antibody testing. Data on gas cooking and kitchen ventilation were collected when the children were 5 years old. Based on these data a model was constructed to determine the chance of accumulation of combustion products (CACP) in the kitchen. Results: No relationship was found between gas cooking and any of the respiratory or allergy outcomes except nasal symptoms. The overall results did not change when the ‘CACP’ was used as exposure variable instead, while the association for nasal symptoms decreased to borderline significance. Conclusion: Our results suggest that gas cooking per se is associated with nasal symptoms in young children and not with the other respiratory symptoms that were investigated. Taking kitchen ventilation characteristics into account did not lead to different conclusions in this population where, according to the classification system, the majority of households using gas for cooking have insufficient kitchen ventilation.
The pulmonary angiographic appearance of pleurisy associated with subdiaphragmatic inflammation.
Authors: S W Banham, A D Howie, R D Stevenson, F Moran
Journal: Thorax (1979)

In two patients who had recently undergone major abdominal operations and were later suspected of having pulmonary emboli, pulmonary angiography showed no evidence of embolism, but in both cases one of the hemidiaphragms was clearly outlined by contrast material. It is suggested that subdiaphragmatic inflammation was responsible for this unusual appearance.
Insulin Administration via Liposomes
Authors: Ronald S Spangler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Liposomes have been used in insulin therapy as a means to selectively target insulin to the liver, enhance oral absorption of insulin, and prolong insulin action. Liposomes are an effective means of delivering insulin specifically to hepatocytes. The usefulness of hepatically targeted liposomes in the treatment of diabetes is restricted due to the requirement that they be given intravenously, the dilute concentration of insulin present in liposomal preparations, and the cost associated with liposome production. Encapsulating insulin in liposomes results in enhanced oral absorption of insulin. The high doses of liposome-entrapped insulin required perorally, coupled with extreme variability in the glycemic response to peroral liposomes, limits the value of peroral liposomal insulin as a viable diabetic therapy. Insulin action can be sustained via encapsulation of insulin in liposomes given subcutaneously. Most insulin appears to remain at the injection site, and the presence of a lipid matrix for subcutaneous insulin delivery raises concerns over enhanced antigenicity of liposomal insulin given subcutaneously. Viewed in the light of the limitations outlined above, the contribution of liposomal insulin to understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus will probably be via use of hepatically targeted liposomes as a pharmacological probe to decipher the role of the liver in the metabolic complications associated with diabetes mellitus.
Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis.
Authors: V V Kakkar, J T Renney, A N Nicolaides
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Adjuvants to L-dopa for Parkinsonism SIR,-Notwithstanding the generally satisfactory response of Parkinsonian patients to L-dopa, undesirable side-effects and the high cost of the drug have led to attempts to reduce dosage with the aid of other agents.Success in this field has been reported using dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors,'
Prevalence of Sexual Activity and Associated Factors in Men Aged 75 to 95 Years
Authors: Zoë Hyde, Leon Flicker, Graeme J. Hankey, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Kieran A. McCaul, S.A. Paul Chubb, Bu B. Yeap
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Knowledge about sexuality in elderly persons is limited, and normative data are lacking. Objective: To determine the proportion of older men who are sexually active and to explore factors predictive of sexual activity. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Community-dwelling men from Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Participants: 3274 men aged 75 to 95 years. Measurements: Questionnaires from 1996 to 1999, 2001 to 2004, and 2008 to 2009 assessed social and medical factors. Sex hormones were measured from 2001 to 2004. Sexual activity was assessed by questionnaire from 2008 to 2009. Results: A total of 2783 men (85.0%) provided data on sexual activity. Sex was considered at least somewhat important by 48.8% (95% CI, 47.0% to 50.6%), and 30.8% (CI, 29.1% to 32.5%) had had at least 1 sexual encounter in the past 12 months. Of the latter, 56.5% were satisfied with the frequency of activity, whereas 43.0% had sex less often than preferred. In cross-sectional analyses, increasing age, partner's lack of interest, partner's physical limitations, osteoporosis, prostate cancer, diabetes, antidepressant use, and β-blocker use were independently associated with reduced odds of sexual activity. Living with a partner and having a non–English-speaking background were associated with increased odds. In longitudinal analyses, higher testosterone levels were associated with increased odds of being sexually active. Other factors were similar to the cross-sectional model. Limitations: Response bias may have influenced findings because sexuality can be a sensitive topic. Attrition may have resulted in a healthier-than-average sample of older men. Conclusion: One half of elderly men consider sex important, and one third report being sexually active. Men's health problems were associated with lack of sexual activity. Key modifiable risk factors include diabetes, depression, and medication use. Endogenous testosterone levels predict sexual activity, but the role of testosterone therapy remains uncertain. Primary Funding Source: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
Hospital patients say they are not fully informed about drugs
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A survey of 95 000 inpatients in 176 acute hospitals in England has shown a patchy picture of patients' experiences in the NHS.

The information, gathered by researchers at the Picker Institute Europe, which is based in Oxford, found that only 28% felt they had been completely informed about the drugs they would be taking after discharge. Forty three per cent felt that they had only been partially informed or not informed at all. The remaining 30% felt they did not need any explanation of possible side effects.

Asked whether doctors or nursing staff talked about …
Multiple Hydrogen-Electrode Catheter for Determination of Cardiac Shunts
Authors: Louis Levy, Richard Fowler, Daniel Kirkley, Harold Albert, Jorge Lopez Martinez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SINCE Clark and Bargeron** introduced the hydrogen-electrode principle for detection of intracardiac shunts, this method has found widespread application.We have recently utilized a 100-cm. single-lumen No.6 Cournand-type cardiac catheter with three radiopaque platinum electrodes (Fig. 1 and 2) to facilitate the determination of the site of a left-to-right shunt. The distal electrode is 1 mm. from the tip of the catheter; the second electrode is 6 cm. proximal, and the third electrode is 16 cm. proximal to the tip. These electrodes are connected by insulated platinum wire woven into the lining of the catheter to three 1-cm. copper sleeves . . .
Multimodality Treatment of Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Analysis of a Phase II Trial Using Preoperative Cisplatin and Gemcitabine with Concurrent Radiotherapy
Authors: Rolando M. D'Angelillo, Lucio Trodella, Marzia Ciresa, Francesco Cellini, Michele Fiore, Carlo Greco, Eugenio Pompeo, Tommaso Claudio Mineo, Laura Paleari, Pierluigi Granone, Sara Ramella, Alfredo Cesario
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Paper in BMJ influenced prescribing of minocycline
Authors: J. J Ferguson, M. G V Jenkins, J. Field
Journal: BMJ (1998)

to request or consent to it, and 162 already practised it.Our survey showed that over half (218) of the doctors interviewed had withdrawn life sustaining treatments or practised active euthanasia, or both.This proportion is similar to the 53% of Dutch doctors who admitted in a recent study that they had taken active steps to end a patient's life. 2 Although doctors in Argentina are known to practise different types of physician assisted death, this subject has rarely been explored and official data are lacking.We consider that there is an urgent need to open the debate in our community.
Clinical Significance of Assay of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibody in Graves' Disease
Authors: MARGlTA ZAKARIJA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We correlated thyroid-stimulating antibody (direct thyroid stimulation method) with the clinical course of 187 patients with Graves' disease. Of 64 patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism, 59 were positive; 36 of 38 patients tested early in therapy were positive. Twentyeight patients received antithyroid drug therapy, and thyroid-stimulating antibody was measured at cessation of therapy: 13 patients, negative in the assay, remained in remission, and of 15 relapsed cases 12 were positive. Of 57 patients previously treated by various means for hyperthyroidism, 34 were positive, and they primarily had had relapse after initial treatment, then ablative therapy causing hypothyroidism. Six of 10 patients with euthyroid ophthalmopathy had a positive assay and an abnormal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test or thyroid suppression test; the four negative patients had a normal TRH test. Thus measurement of thyroid-stimulating antibody appears effectively to reflect activity of the underlying disturbance in Graves' disease.
Diarrheal Morbidity During the First 2 Years of Life Among HIV-Infected Infants
Authors: Karen L. Kotloff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the incidence, cause, and patterns of diarrhea during the first 2 years of life among infants infected perinatally with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).A cohort study in which infants were enrolled shortly after birth and followed up longitudinally using biweekly surveillance for the occurrence of diarrhea. Stool specimens collected at the onset of diarrhea were evaluated for enteropathogens. Infants who were infected with HIV were compared with uninfected infants.Infants born to HIV-infected women at the University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, were recruited at 0 to 3 months of age. This analysis included 58 infants enrolled in the cohort and followed up at least 15 months (unless death intervened) whose HIV status was established (18 HIV-infected infants and 40 HIV-uninfected infants).The overall incidence of diarrhea in HIV-infected infants was 3.2 episodes per 12 child-months compared with 1.5 episodes per 12 child-months among HIV-uninfected infants (incidence density ratio, 2.2; P < .05). An enteropathogen was identified in stool specimens collected during 20% of diarrheal episodes occurring in HIV-infected infants and during 25% of diarrheal episodes occurring in HIV-uninfected infants. Episodes that persisted for 14 days or longer were significantly more common among HIV-infected infants. The peak incidence of diarrhea occurred at 0 to 5 months of age for HIV-infected infants compared with 6 to 11 months for HIV-uninfected infants. Early onset of diarrhea (< 6 months old) in HIV-infected infants was associated with the later development of persistent episodes of diarrhea, and those with persistent episodes had more severe HIV infection, characterized by a significantly higher frequency of opportunistic infections and lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by 1 year of age.Both acute and persistent episodes of diarrhea are major sources of morbidity in HIV-infected infants. Moreover, persistent diarrhea is a marker for rapid progression of HIV disease.