tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes After Hip Fracture Surgery Compared With Elective Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Yannick Le Manach, Gary Collins, Mohit Bhandari, Amal Bessissow, Jacques Boddaert, Frédéric Khiami, Harman Chaudhry, Justin De Beer, Bruno Riou, Paul Landais, Mitchell Winemaker, Thierry Boudemaghe, P. J. Devereaux
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients undergoing surgery for a hip fracture have a higher risk of mortality and major complications compared with patients undergoing an elective total hip replacement (THR) operation. The effect of older age and comorbidities associated with hip fracture on this increased perioperative risk is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine if there was a difference in hospital mortality among patients who underwent hip fracture surgery relative to an elective THR, after adjustment for age, sex, and preoperative comorbidities. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using the French National Hospital Discharge Database from January 2010 to December 2013, patients older than 45 years undergoing hip surgery at French hospitals were included. The<i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision</i>(<i>ICD-10</i>), codes were used to determine patients' comorbidities and complications after surgery. A population matched for age, sex, and preoperative comorbidities of patients who underwent elective THR or hip fracture surgery was created using a multivariable logistic model and a greedy matching algorithm with a 1:1 ratio. <h3>Exposure</h3> Hip fracture. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Postoperative in-hospital mortality. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 690 995 eligible patients were included from 864 centers in France. Patients undergoing elective THR surgery (n = 371 191) were younger, more commonly men, and had less comorbidity compared with patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Following hip fracture surgery (n = 319 804), 10 931 patients (3.42%) died before hospital discharge and 669 patients (0.18%) died after elective THR. Multivariable analysis of the matched populations (n = 234 314) demonstrated a higher risk of mortality (1.82% for hip fracture surgery vs 0.31% for elective THR; absolute risk increase, 1.51% [95% CI, 1.46%-1.55%]; relative risk [RR], 5.88 [95% CI, 5.26-6.58];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and of major postoperative complications (5.88% for hip fracture surgery vs 2.34% for elective THR; absolute risk increase, 3.54% [95% CI, 3.50%-3.59%]; RR, 2.50 [95% CI, 2.40-2.62];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In a large cohort of French patients, hip fracture surgery compared with elective THR was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and measured comorbidities. Further studies are needed to define the causes for these differences.
Rape: power, anger, and sexuality
Authors: A N Groth, W Burgess, L L Holmstrom
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Accounts from both offenders and victims of what occurs during a rape suggest that issues of power, anger, and sexuality are important in understanding the rapist's behavior. All three issues seem to operate in every rape, but the proportion varies and one issue seems to dominate in each instance. The authors ranked accounts from 133 offenders and 92 victims for the dominant issue and found that the offenses could be categorized as power rape (sexuality used primarily to express power) or anger rape (use of sexuality to express anger). There were no rapes in which sex was the dominant issue; sexuality was always in the service of other, nonsexual needs.
Abstract 14323: Differential Complement Activation Following On- and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Explained by Alternative Pathway Activation
Authors: Michael Buerke, Priyanka Boettger
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) with the off pump (OFFCAB) technique may cause less inflammatory activation than using cardiopulmonary bypass (ONCAB). ONCAB procedures activate complement more but the relative contribution of classical and alternative pathways is unknown. We hypothesised OFFCAB procedures would produce less alternative pathway activation and performed a prospective, observational study to examine classical, alternative and final pathway activation in OFFCAB and ONCAB patients. Methods: Forty-two consecutive CABG patients were recruited over an 8 month period. At the discretion of the surgeon and patient, 26 underwent ONCAB and 16 OFFCAB procedures. Blood was taken pre, intra and post operatively for 24 hrs for assessment of inflammatory and ischaemic serum markers. Complement components Bb, C4d, iC3b and sC 5b-9 (i.e. the terminal complement complex or TCC) were assayed as markers of complement activation. Results: Most striking was a greater activation of the alternative pathway in the ONCAB group. Bb levels rose significantly (between pre- and 8hr post-operative time-points) following ONCAB based surgery (2.6 Vs 5.6 μg/ml respectively). OFFCAB surgery produced no significant alternative pathway activation. At peak alternative pathway activation (8hr post surgery), serum Bb levels were 1.7 fold higher in ONCAB vs OFFCAB patients (5.6 Vs 3.9 μg/ml respectively). These novel data reveal marked alternative pathway activation associated with ONCAB.Serum C4d analysis revealed that both procedures were both associated with a similar degree of classical pathway activation. In keeping with previous data, the TCC assay indicated significantly greater global complement activation by ONCAB than OFFCAB. Other inflammatory and ischaemic serum markers rose significantly and similarly in both groups. Conclusion: We provide the first analysis of on- and off-pump CABG in the activation of the classical, alternative and final complement pathways. ONCAB causes greater global complement activation. We conclude this may be largely due to activation of the alternative pathway by ONCAB, since OFFCAB did not significantly activate this pathway. Classical pathway activation was similar in both groups.
Comment on Inzucchi et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient-Centered Approach. Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:140–149
Authors: James P. McCormack, Stephen A. Martin, David H. Newman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recently produced a position statement and update (1,2) and the American Diabetes Association produced a standards of medical care for the management of type 2 diabetes (3). These documents place shared decision making at their core, and as clinicians, we applaud this sentiment.

A recent systematic review found that when evaluating treatments and tests “the majority of participants overestimated intervention benefit and underestimated harm” (4). Therefore, front-line clinicians need the following information to undertake shared decision making:
Abstract 8440: Guideline Recommended Evaluation in Patients with a First Episode of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Moritz Sinner, Melissa A Greiner, Xioajuan Mi, Adrian F Hernandez, Paul N Jensen, Jonathan P Piccini, Soko Setoguchi, Allan J Walkey, Susan R Heckbert, Emelia J Benjamin, Lesley H Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In patients with a first episode of atrial fibrillation (AF), current guidelines specifically recommend assessment of cardiac function, valvular and ischemic heart disease, and thyroid, kidney, and liver function. We assessed the completion of guideline recommended evaluations among 244,921 patients with a new diagnosis of AF. Methods and Results: We studied commercially insured patients from MarketScan, aged 18-64 years (n=40,245), and a 5% nationally representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years (n=204,676). All patients were first diagnosed with AF between 2000-2008. We used claims data to assess completion of guideline recommended physician visits and examinations, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and laboratory tests for thyroid, renal and liver function. From 2004-2007, evaluation rates increased. By 2007, all guideline recommended evaluations were completed in 17.4% of the MarketScan sample and 18.5% of the Medicare cohort (Figure). Almost all patients received electrocardiograms, and two-thirds of patients received an echocardiogram. In 2007, laboratory testing for thyroid function was performed in 31.7% of patients in the MarketScan and 34.2% in Medicare. Stratification by sex (Figure), race, or geographic region revealed only minor differences in the completeness of evaluation. Evaluation rates were stable across age groups as well (Figure), except for nonagenarians, where the rate of completed evaluation averaged across the observation period was 9.5%. Conclusion: In this large nationally representative study covering a wide age-range, the completion rate of guideline-recommended evaluation following a new diagnosis of AF was low. Except for nonagenarians, the evaluation completion rate varied only marginally with age, sex, race and geographic region. Figure: Increase of completed evaluation over time. Left: MarketScan; right: Medicare. Above: stratified by sex; Below: stratified by age groups.
Pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa: a controlled comparison
Authors: W S Agras, E M Rossiter, B Arnow, J A Schneider, C F Telch, S D Raeburn, B Bruce, M Perl, L M Koran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

This study examined the relative effectiveness of desipramine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, together with the effects of withdrawing medication after two different lengths of treatment.Seventy-one patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa, recruited from an eating disorders clinic or by advertisements, were assigned at random to one of five groups: desipramine (withdrawn at 16 or 24 weeks), combined treatment (medication withdrawn at 16 or 24 weeks), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (15 sessions). All treatments were conducted individually in an outpatient clinic. The primary outcome measures were binge eating and purging rates assessed at pretreatment, 16, 24, and 32 weeks. The results were analyzed as three groups (medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and combined treatment) at 16 weeks and as five groups at subsequent assessments.At 16 weeks, both cognitive-behavioral therapy and the combined treatment were superior to medication given for 16 weeks in reducing binge eating and purging. At 32 weeks, however, only the combined 24-week treatment was superior to medication given for 16 weeks. The combined treatment was also more effective in reducing dietary preoccupation and hunger. Continuing cognitive-behavioral therapy appeared to prevent relapse in patients withdrawn from medication at 16 weeks.Overall, the results favor the use of a combination of medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, with medication continued for at least 24 weeks.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts Have Similar Immunoregulatory Properties In Vitro but Distinct Gene Expression Profiles: Implications for Cellular Therapy.
Authors: Muzlifah A. Haniffa, Xiao N. Wang, Udo Holtick, Daniel C. Swan, Sarah Bullock, Anne M. Dickinson, Catharien M. Hilkens, Matthew P. Collin
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cerebral blood flow changes in limbic regions induced by unsolvable anagram tasks
Authors: F Schneider, R E Gur, A Alavi, M E Seligman, L H Mozley, R J Smith, P D Mozley, R C Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The study addressed the question of whether unsolvable as opposed to solvable cognitive problems activate discrete neuronal systems in the human brain.Twelve healthy humans tried to solve unsolvable anagrams. Solvable anagrams and a resting baseline after each anagram task served as control conditions in a within-subject design. Activation was measured with the equilibrium infusion method by using 15O-labeled water and positron emission tomography, with absolute quantitation of anatomically defined regional cerebral blood flow (CBF).Compared to rest, both anagram tasks increased activity in frontal and temporal regions. The soluble task condition increased hippocampal activation and decreased mammillary bodies activity, while unsolvable anagrams were associated with increased CBF to the mamillary bodies and amygdala and decreased hippocampal activity.A limbic network integrating negative emotion and cognition seems reflected in reciprocal diencephalic and limbic activation with solvable and unsolvable anagrams. Since unsolvable anagrams have been used to induce learned helplessness in humans, this finding may provide an initial step toward clarifying its neural substrate.
First identification of class A carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: C Roche, M Cotter, N O’Connell, B Crowley
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was detected in a carbapenem-resistant respiratory isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Irish hospital. This is the first report of a KPC-producing isolate in the Republic of Ireland. The isolate was resistant to all β-lactams. Furthermore, it had reduced susceptibility to three other classes of non-β-lactam antibiotics. The isolate was not associated with travel abroad. Detection of KPC-producing bacteria has important infection control and public health implications.
Prognostic factors for survival in lung cancer
Authors: Souad Souilah, F.Z. El Allia, M. Kacimi, A. Fissah, S. Taright, R. Amrane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Various studies conclude the last 30 years to improve the survival of primary lung cancer (PLC) for a selected population, but this improvement is much less clear for the people followed in routine practice. Our work aimed to estimate overall survival and to study the importance of prognostic factors in a population of 497 patients, unselected lung cancer carriers supported from January 2008 to September 2011.   Methods   The results of the data were expressed as numbers and percentages. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and presented with confidence intervals at 95%. A method of test log-rank was used to compare survival curves.   Results   The 497 cases (10.9% women, 89.1% men) were divided into 89.6% NSCLC (50.8% squamous, adenocarcinoma 33.9%) and 10.4% SCLC. The median age at diagnosis was 63 years. 21.5% were non-smokers and 35.4% ex-smokers. 43.9% of patients had at least one comorbidity, 31.8% had a PS 0 and 12.1% a PS ≥ 2. The study found 10.5% of the TNM patients in stages I and II, 32.6% stage III and stage IV 56.9%. The median overall survival was 9.5 months (8.2 to 10.7), the survival rate at 1 year was 40%. Improved survival was correlated with female sex, not smoking, a PS ≤ 1, type adenocarcinoma, TNM and taking a cancer treatment.   Conclusion   PS and TNM stage at diagnosis are the two factors that seem to have the most significant impact on survival.
The 'Silent' Gallstones: A Therapeutic Dilemma
Authors: S K Gupta, V K Shukla
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14417: Infusion of Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein Inhibits Atherosclerosis And In-Stent Restenosis in High Fat High Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
Authors: Bok-Soo Lee, Hyo Jung Ku, Seul Hee Han, Ki Yong Kim, Sehwa Kim, Dae Won Moon, Jeong Euy Park
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) decreased neointimal hyperplasia in the rat carotid artery balloon injury model in our previous experiments. We tried to show whether HDL r...
Escherichia coli clonal group A causing bacteraemia of urinary tract origin
Authors: L. Skjøt-Rasmussen, S.S. Olsen, L. Jakobsen, K. Ejrnæs, F. Scheutz, B. Lundgren, N. Frimodt-Møller, A.M. Hammerum
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Effects of childhood and adolescence-adulthood respiratory infections in a general population
Authors: P Paoletti, R Prediletto, L Carrozzi, G Viegi, F Di Pede, G Carmignani, U Mammini, C Giuntini, MD Lebowitz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

The role of childhood respiratory infections before 12 yrs of age (CRI) and during adolescence-adulthood (ARI) was studied in a general population sample (n = 3,289), living in an unpolluted area of Northern Italy. The presence of respiratory symptoms and diseases, as well as risk factors for obstructive airways disease (OAD), was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. Forced vital capacity and derived expiratory flows, and single-breath diffusing capacity were measured using computerized instrumentation. There were 1,185 (36.2%) subjects who reported pertussis (PT), 374 (11.4%) recurrent chest colds, pneumonia and croup, singly or in combination, with or without pertussis (CRI), and 1,718 (52.4%) reported no respiratory infections in childhood (NOCRI). Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases were significantly higher in subjects of the CRI group in all ages, and in older smokers. Wheeze and attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze were significantly higher in younger nonsmoking subjects with a history of CRI. Respiratory symptoms and diseases were not more prevalent in subjects of the PT group. Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases were significantly higher in subjects with a history of ARI, both in smokers and nonsmokers. Lung function parameters adjusted for sex, age and smoking were significantly lower in CRI subjects; PT subjects showed lower values than NOCRI subjects. A significantly higher prevalence rate of ARI was present in subjects who reported CRI, both in smokers and nonsmokers. Subjects with both CRI and ARI showed the highest prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases. In addition, they had the lowest lung function values regardless of smoking habit.
Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies
Authors: V Beral, K Gaitskell, C Hermon, K Moser, G Reeves, R Peto
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

Half the epidemiological studies with information about menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk remain unpublished, and some retrospective studies could have been biased by selective participation or recall. We aimed to assess with minimal bias the effects of hormone therapy on ovarian cancer risk.
A large outbreak of conjunctivitis on Mayotte Island, France, February to May 2012
Authors: T Lernout, O Maillard, S Boireaux, L Collet, L Filleul
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

From February to May 2012, Mayotte experienced an outbreak of acute conjunctivitis with over 12,000 estimated cases, causing a significant burden on the primary healthcare system. It was most certainly caused by a coxsackievirus, as documented by isolation from a symptomatic traveller from the Comoros Islands in France. Tropical climate and poor hygiene conditions facilitate the spread of infectious diseases on Mayotte and in the region with risk of further exportation to mainland France and Europe.
Abstract 5576: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Myocardial Infarction: Evidence of a Clinical Association
Authors: Stefano Fumagalli, Chiara Cipriani, Marta Casaloni Rinaldi, Sara Francini, Yasmine Makhanian, Francesca Tarantini, Niccolò Marchionni
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background . Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with hypertension, chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation; a correlation with ischemic heart disease is less defined. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of OSA and its clinical predictors after a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Methods . We studied all consecutive patients (pts) with MI, evaluated by our out-patient Clinic at 1-month follow up (exclusion criteria: atrial fibrillation and permanent pacemaker). For detection of OSA we used a validated tool (Lifescreen, Spacelabs/ESAOTE) which determines the mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) by processing the electrocardiographic data of the sleep period. According to AHI, pts were classified as normal (≤5), borderline (5.1–15) or diseased (&gt;15). Results . Between March 2007 and February 2008, we studied 107 pts (age: 62±13 years; men: 83.2%; weight: 78±12 Kg). Left ventricular ejection fraction was 49±12%. The prevalence of STEMI and anterior MI was 68.4 and 37.7%, respectively; primary PCI was performed in 76.5% of pts. Mean sleep period was 8:04±1.20 hours; AHI was 14.3±12.0; 80/107 pts (74.1%) scored &gt;5, with 43 pts (39.8%) &gt;15. In univariate analysis, women had lower AHI values than men (7.0±6.6 vs 15.7±12.4, p&lt;0.001). AHI correlated directly with body weight (p=0.013), creatinine and uric acid concentrations (p=0.046 and p=0.030, respectively), and with the presence of aortic insufficiency (24.3±8.4 vs 13.8±12.1, p=0.020). AHI increased with CK MB and troponin I concentrations (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.033) and was higher in pts treated with primary PCI of the left coronary artery (p=0.044) and in pts with complex ventricular arrhythmias (16.8±12.2 vs 12.2±10.3, p=0.049). At multivariate analysis, complex ventricular arrhythmias, body weight, creatinine concentration, and the presence of aortic insufficiency significantly correlated with AHI values, with complex ventricular arrhythmias being the best predictor of the presence of OSA (p=0.009). Conclusions . OSA is a common clinical condition in pts with a recent MI and correlates with the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias. OSA evaluation might be particularly important in pts with MI to plan interventions such as CPAP therapy or ICD implantation.
Improved treatment of systemic blood infections using antibiotics with extracorporeal opsonin hemoadsorption
Authors: Tohid F. Didar, Mark J. Cartwright, Martin Rottman, Amanda R. Graveline, Nazita Gamini, Alexander L. Watters, Daniel C. Leslie, Tadanori Mammoto, Melissa J. Rodas, Joo H. Kang, Anna Waterhouse, Benjamin T. Seiler, Patrick Lombardo, Elisabet I. Qendro, Michael Super, Donald E. Ingber
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)