tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Creation of anastomoses between an extracardiac artery and the coronary circulation. Proof that myocardial angiogenesis occurs and can provide nutritional blood flow to the myocardium.
Authors: E F Unger, C D Sheffield, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether blood vessels could develop de novo between an extracardiac artery and a collateral-dependent zone of the heart and to quantify the nutritive blood flow afforded by the new vessels. We also adapted the preparation so that angiogenically active agents could be chronically administered directly to the site of neovascularization in subsequent studies. To induce neovascularization between a systemic artery and the coronary circulation, the left internal mammary artery (IMA) was implanted in an intramyocardial tunnel in proximity to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). A tube situated in the distal IMA connected to an implanted pump provided for continuous intra-arterial infusion at the site of angiogenesis. During the same procedure, an ameroid constrictor was placed on the proximal LAD, rendering its perfusion territory collateral dependent during a 2-3 week period. After 8 weeks, the functional capacity of the anastomoses established between the implanted IMA and the LAD territory was assessed by determining regional myocardial blood flow under basal conditions, during adenosine-induced vasodilatation, and during differential occlusions of the IMA and left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA). For all dogs, IMA occlusion decreased maximal LAD territory flow from 1.31 +/- 0.11 to 1.16 +/- 0.10 ml/min/g (p less than 0.005). Occlusion of the LCCA decreased LAD zone flow to 0.73 +/- 0.12 ml/min/g, whereas occlusion of the IMA in addition to the LCCA further decreased LAD zone flow to 0.42 +/- 0.11 ml/min/g (p less than 0.02). The IMA provided measurable nutritive blood flow in seven of 12 dogs, and in these dogs, the artery provided 30.0 +/- 2.5% of total LAD zone collateral conductance under conditions of maximal vasodilatation (range, 23-42%). We conclude that angiogenesis can occur between an implanted internal mammary artery and the native coronary circulation in dogs, providing modest nutritive blood flow to a collateral-dependent region. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether direct, local infusion of angiogenically active factors can enhance neovascularization and whether sufficient flow can be reliably supplied to make some variant of this approach clinically applicable.
832 METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH MAJOUR PORTAL VEIN TUMOR THROMBUS
Authors: H.Y. Woo, S.H. Bae, J.Y. Choi, C.W. Kim, J.W. Jang, C.R. You, C.D. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Phenotypic heterogeneity in IGHV-mutated CLL patients has prognostic impact and identifies a subset with increased sensitivity to BTK and PI3Kδ inhibition
Authors: C Pepper, A G S Buggins, C H Jones, E J Walsby, F Forconi, G Pratt, S Devereux, F K Stevenson, C Fegan
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

The majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients are diagnosed with early-stage disease but the currently used prognostic tools appear to be less informative in this group of patients.1 This is especially problematic for patients with mutated immunoglobulin genes (M-CLL) as they have a more diverse clinical course when compared with patients with unmutated immunoglobulin genes (U-CLL).1, 2, 3, 4 Given the emergence of promising targeted, less toxic, therapeutics in CLL,5, 6 there is an increased need to identify patients who might benefit from early treatment with these new agents.
Incidence of endocrine disease among residents of New York areas of concern.
Authors: D O Carpenter, Y Shen, T Nguyen, L Le, L L Lininger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

There are six Areas of Concern, as identified by the International Joint Commission, located in New York State. Three are contiguous in western New York and have similar contaminants (Buffalo River, Niagara River, and 18 Mile Creek). We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, which records diagnoses according to the (italic)International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision(/italic) codes for all patients admitted to state-regulated hospital facilities, to compare incidence of selected diseases reported in hospitalized patients who reside in ZIP codes that are within 15 miles of any of these sites to those of residents of three different control populations: all residents of the rest of New York State (including New York City), all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that do not contain any site identified as a federal or state Superfund site, and all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that contain a federal or state Superfund site that does not have one or more persistent organic pollutants listed as a major contaminant. We found a significant elevation of disorders of the thyroid gland in women, but not in men, of all ages greater than 25 years on all three comparisons, as well as an increased incidence of morbidity from diseases of the female genital tract in women between age 25 to greater than 75 years for all comparison groups. There was also a significant elevation in incidence of endometriosis in women 25-44 years of age. All these elevations were significant at the 99% confidence level. Incidence of diseases of ovaries and testes and female infertility were not different from those in the rest of New York State. Although many factors influence incidence of thyroid and genital diseases, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to environmental contaminants through residence near polluted sites may be a factor.
The Concept of Disease
Authors: ROBERT P. HUDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Special Article1 September 1966The Concept of DiseaseROBERT P. HUDSON, M.D.ROBERT P. HUDSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-65-3-595 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the November 1956 issue of the Journal of Medical Education, a medical student by the name of Joseph E. Bogen reported offering a free beer to any of his classmates who would contribute a written definition ". . . of the word 'functional' as used in the expression 'a functional disease' or a 'functional disorder.'" His reason for the offer and the results are illuminating indeed.It seems that in class one day a professor used the term "functional disease." In all innocence, Bogen asked what the term meant. After class he was berated for indulging in a practice...* TEMKIN O: The scientific approach to disease: specific entity and individual sickness, in Scientific Change, edited by CROMBIE, A. C. Heinemann, London, 1961, p. 647. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT P. HUDSON, M.D.Affiliations: Kansas City, KansasFrom the Department of the History of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kan.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Robert P. Hudson, M.D., Department of the History of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kan. 66103. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byWhen Embodiment Isn't GoodDie Sonderstellung der Indikation in der UnfallchirurgieHealth as a Theoretical ConceptA Clinical Index of Disability Due to Chronic Asthma Tested During a Trial of Cromolyn Sodium Treatment 1 September 1966Volume 65, Issue 3Page: 595-601KeywordsBeerHistory of medicineMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Vital Conflicts in Medical Ethics: A Book Review
Authors: William F. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intensive Therapy Preserves Insulin Secretion
Authors: Zeno L. Charles-Marcel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 December 1998Intensive Therapy Preserves Insulin SecretionZeno L. Charles-Marcel, MDZeno L. Charles-Marcel, MDLoma Linda University School of Medicine; Loma Linda, CA 92354Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-11_Part_1-199812010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The most recent article by the DCCT Research Group [1] was intriguing and thought-provoking. I wish to hypothesize another potential benefit of sustaining islet-cell function apart from maintenance of C-peptide secretion. The hypothesis may also partially explain the better metabolic control and lower risk for hypoglycemia seen in the C-peptide responders.Amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide) is normally co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β cells [2]. It is reasonable to assume that preservation of β-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes should not only permit a residual insulin (C-peptide) response but also maintain detectable plasma amylin levels, ...References1. Effect of intensive therapy and residual β-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. A randomized, controlled trial. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:517-23. Google Scholar2. Hartter E, Svoboda T, Ludvik B, Schuller M, Lell B, Kuenberg E, et al. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pancreatic amylin indicate its co-secretion with insulin in humans. Diabetologia. 1991; 34:52-4. Google Scholar3. Young A. Role of amylin in nutrient update-animal studies. Diabet Med. 1997; 14(Suppl 2):S14. Google Scholar4. Nyholm B, Moller N, Gravholt CH, Orskov L, Mengel A, Bryan G, et al. Acute effects of the human amylin analog AC137 on basal and insulin-stimulated euglycemic and hypoglycemic fuel metabolism in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81:1083-9. Google Scholar5. Schmitz O, Nyholm B, Orskov L, Gravholt C, Moller N. Effects of amylin agonist pramlintide on glucose metabolism. Diabet Med. 1997; 14(Suppl 2):S19-23. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Loma Linda University School of Medicine; Loma Linda, CA 92354 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 11_Part_1Page: 914KeywordsAttentionBlood plasmaGlucagonHypoglycemiaInsulinInsulin secretionLactatesPolypeptidesSkeletal musclesType 1 diabetes Issue Published: 1 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Evolution of Language-Reply
Authors: David Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the thoughtful comments of Dr Strange and agree with most of the points he makes. In the evolution of language, popular usage always seems to go its own way, however much grammarians and lexicographers try to rein it in. The impact of Africa on the English language certainly should not be underestimated. It occurs not only through the intermediary of Black English in North America but also directly from indigenous languages in places like Monrovia, Lagos, and Nairobi.  Although it is possible to argue, as Dr Strange does, that English did not originate in England, we have to stand by our guns on this point. When the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons arrived in Britain, the language they spoke was as different from 20th-century English as Latin is from 20th-century French. It was long after their arrival that they began to conceive of themselves as the Englisc
Calmodulin levels are grossly elevated in the psoriatic lesion
Authors: P.C.M. KERKHOF, PIET E.J. ERP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Levels of the intracellular calcium receptor, calmodulin, in the psoriatic lesion are more than thirty times higher than normal. By contrast, values in the clinically uninvolved psoriatic skin are unchanged.
Congenital Reduplication of Ileo-caecal Valve Presenting as an Acute Intussusception
Authors: E. Dayan
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BRITAIN MEDICALmJOURNAL essentials such as financial backing and academic background are satisfactory, a correctly oriented negro student will, like Richmond's (1954) ideal, "not be unaware of the frustrations and tensions which negroes experience, but he will be able to face up to such conflicts, precisely because he has succeeded in achieving, for himself, a measure of status and security.He is less bound by the personal anxiety and inner conflicts which besiege so many of his fellows."
Psychological medicine. Treatment of alcoholism.
Authors: E B Ritson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The need for effective management of disorders of parent/child relationships is repeatedly stressed.Despite the bulk of theoretical work on the subject there is little information on the practical management of the clinical problems that arise.We describe a unit designed and staffed for the management of such disorders.In our view it meets a need in a way that could be difficult or impossible for most paediatric, psychiatric, and social services as they are at present organized.
Evolution of Abnormalities in Left Ventricular Function after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MARTIN I. BRODER, JAY N. COHN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Twelve patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied by left ventricular (LV) catheterization, echocardiography, and volume manipulation (tourniquets, phlebotomy, and dextran infusion) within 24 hours of infarction (study 1) and 3 weeks later (study 2). Three patients also were studied 6-10 months later (study 3). Cardiac index rose (from 2.50 to 3.15 liters/min/m 2 ) and right atrial pressure fell (from 9.4 to 5.3 mm Hg) from study 1 to study 2. LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) remained elevated (21.8 mm Hg at study 1 and 20.9 mm Hg at study 2) and was actually higher at study 2 in six patients who were otherwise improved. At study 1, end-diastolic ventricular diameter was within normal limits in five patients with clinical LV failure, four of whom had grossly elevated LVEDP. At study 2, ventricular diameter remained normal in three patients with elevated LVEDP but no LV failure. At study 3, LVEDP was still elevated in two patients and chamber diameter normal in two and slightly increased in one. Ventricular function curves (LVEDP vs stroke index) constructed from results during volume manipulation showed no consistent improvement during convalescence. These data indicate that clinical improvement after AMI is not usually associated with a fall in LVEDP or a normalization of the impaired LV function curve. Normal ventricular diameter indicates normal ventricular volume which, in the presence of an elevated LVEDP, suggests a persistent decrease in LV compliance.
Homozygous Inactivation of the<i>NF1</i>Gene in Bone Marrow Cells from Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Malignant Myeloid Disorders
Authors: Lucy Side, Brigit Taylor, Matthew Cayouette, Edward Conner, Patricia Thompson, Michael Luce, Kevin Shannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The risk of malignant myeloid disorders in young children with neurofibromatosis type 1 is 200 to 500 times the normal risk. The gene for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) encodes neurofibromin, a protein that negatively regulates signals transduced by Ras proteins. Genetic and biochemical data support the hypothesis that NF1 functions as a tumor-suppressor gene in immature myeloid cells, but inactivation of both NF1 alleles has not been demonstrated in leukemic cells from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.Using an in vitro transcription and translation system, we screened bone marrow samples from 18 children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and myeloid disorders for NF1 mutations that cause a truncated protein. Mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing of genomic DNA from the patients, and from their affected parents, in cases of familial neurofibromatosis type 1.Specimens from 9 of the 18 children contained abnormal peptide fragments, and truncating mutations of the NF1 gene were found in specimens from 8 of these children. The normal NF1 allele was absent in bone marrow samples from five of the eight children. We detected the same mutation in DNA from the affected parent of each child with familial neurofibromatosis type 1.Both alleles of the NF1 gene are inactivated in leukemic cells in some patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. NF1 appears to function as a tumor-suppressor gene in immature myeloid cells.
Sign languages are problematic for a gestural origins theory of language evolution
Authors: Karen Emmorey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Sign languages exhibit all the complexities and evolutionary advantages of spoken languages. Consequently, sign languages are problematic for a theory of language evolution that assumes a gestural origin. There are no compelling arguments why the expanding spiral between protosign and protospeech proposed by Arbib would not have resulted in the evolutionary dominance of sign over speech.
What the Amish can tell us about? cholestasis
Authors: Richard H. Moseley
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Cholestasis, or impaired bile flow, is an important but poorly understood manifestation of liver disease.Two clinically distinct forms of inherited cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1), were previously mapped to 18q21.Haplotype analysis narrowed the candidate region for both diseases to the same interval of less than 1 cM, in which we identified a gene mutated in BRIC and PFIC1 patients.This gene (called FIC1) is the first identified human member of a recently described subfamily of P-type ATPases; ATP-dependent aminophospholipid transport is the previously described function of members of this subfamily.FIC1 is expressed in several epithelial tissues and, surprisingly, more strongly in small intestine than in liver.Its protein product is likely to play an essential role in enterohepatic circulation of bile acids; further characterization of FIC1 will facilitate understanding of normal bile formation and cholestasis.
FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system
Authors: Angie L Bookout, Marleen H M de Groot, Bryn M Owen, Syann Lee, Laurent Gautron, Heather L Lawrence, Xunshan Ding, Joel K Elmquist, Joseph S Takahashi, David J Mangelsdorf, Steven A Kliewer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Abstract LB-211: Targeting triple negative breast cancer by using non-oncologic drug targets.
Authors: Christof Bernemann, Carolin Huelsewig, Marie-Kristin von Wahlde, Ludwig Kiesel, Cornelia Liedtke
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen-receptor alpha (ERα) and pro-gesterone receptor (PGR) expression as well as absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) overexpression. This type of breast cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis and sig-nificantly reduced survival rate compared to other breast cancer subtypes. This is mostly due to the lack of targeted agents like endocrine or anti HER2 targets. Gene expression analysis revealed that different molecular targets are overexpressed in triple nega-tive breast cancer compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, these drug targets hold great potential for newly personalized therapeutic approaches in TNBC as well as other cancer types. Methods: Based on a list previously published (Liedtke et al., Cancer Res 2009) we defined the enzyme ALOX5 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) as being a prominent new potential drug target. By using a set of known inhibitors of ALOX5 we deeply analyzed the effect on triple negative breast cancer cells as well as other breast cancer subtypes. Results: We firstly could show, that expression of ALOX5 correlates with the subtype of triple negative breast cancer, by trend. Treatment with meclofenamic acid additionally, showed significant decrease of proliferative capacity in at least some triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion: We could show that - in case of ALOX5 - its expression correlates with the triple negative breast cancer subtype by trend. Therefore, an inhibition of this molecular target might provoke anti prolife-rative effects on triple negative breast cancer cells. Actually, treatment with meclofenamic acid - a drug already used for joint, arthritis, muscular pain - showed reduction of proliferation in triplen negative breast cancer cells. Whether this effect relies on inhibition of ALOX5 or its function has to be analyzed further. Citation Format: Christof Bernemann, Carolin Huelsewig, Marie-Kristin von Wahlde, Ludwig Kiesel, Cornelia Liedtke. Targeting triple negative breast cancer by using non-oncologic drug targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-211
Dark Circles Under the Eyes
Authors: Meyer B. Marks
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I disagree with the explanation of "Dark Circles Under the Eyes" inThe Journal(<b>193</b>: 411, 1965) given by Dr. R. K. Winkelmann. In several publications and scientific exhibits, I have used the term "allergic shiners" for this condition. Too often, these discolorations, particularly in children, are ascribed to chronic eyestrain, fatigue, or, in women at menarche, to menstruation. Since most of these eye shadows begin in early life, what transpires in the adult is often an extension of the process from childhood. In children this stigma is primarily caused by venous stasis as a result of perennial allergic rhinitis. Children with chronic nasal allergy develop these discolorations in the lower orbitopalpebral grooves from allergic edema of the mucous membranes of the nasal and paranasal cavities. The pressure of edematous mucous membranes on the venous network of the nasal and paranasal cavities interferes with normal drainage of