tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric implications of displacement: contributions from the psychology of place
Authors: M T Fullilove
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this article is to describe the psychological processes that are affected by geographic displacement.The literature from the fields of geography, psychology, anthropology, and psychiatry was reviewed to develop a "psychology of place" and to determine the manner in which place-related psychological processes are affected by upheaval in the environment.The psychology of place is an emerging area of research that explores the connection between individuals and their intimate environments. The psychology of place posits that individuals require a "good enough" environment in which to live. They are linked to that environment through three key psychological processes: attachment, familiarity, and identity. Place attachment, which parallels, but is distinct from, attachment to person, is a mutual caretaking bond between a person and a beloved place. Familiarity refers to the processes by which people develop detailed cognitive knowledge of their environs. Place identity is concerned with the extraction of a sense of self based on the places in which one passes one's life. Each of these psychological processes-attachment, familiarity, and place identity-is threatened by displacement, and the problems of nostalgia, disorientation, and alienation may ensue.As a result of war, decolonization, epidemics, natural disasters, and other disruptive events, millions of people are currently displaced from their homes. Protecting and restoring their mental health pose urgent problems for the mental health community.
Two-Year Follow-Up of the Quantitative Angiographic and Volumetric Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis After Nonpolymeric Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Duk-Woo Park, Myeong-Ki Hong, Gary S. Mintz, Cheol Whan Lee, Jong-Min Song, Ki-Hoon Han, Duk-Hyun Kang, Sang-Sig Cheong, Jae-Kwan Song, Jae-Joong Kim, Neil J. Weissman, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A phase II study of preoperative oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and external beam radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: L. R. Duck, C. Sempoux, B. Honhon, B. Coster, J.-C. Coche, J. Kerger, J.-L. Canon, Y. Humblet, P. Scalliet, J.-P. Machiels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3552 Background: Local recurrence after surgery is a cause of treatment failure in pts with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Preoperative RT decreases local recurrence but not distant spread. Oxaliplatin (OX) and capecitabine (CAP) are both highly active cancer drugs for advanced colorectal cancer and have radiosensitizing properties. Therefore, adding CAP and OX to preoperative RT should improve its efficacy in terms of local control and prevention of metastases. Methods: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy (based on pathological response rate) and safety of preoperative chemo-RT in patients with LACR (T3-T4 and/or N+ staged by endorectal ultrasound). RT was administered for 5 weeks, 5 days a week (1.8 Gy/fraction, total dose 45 Gy, 3D conformation technique) in combination with OX 50 mg/m2 intravenously, weekly for 5 weeks and oral CAP 825 mg/m2 twice a day, each day of radiation. Surgery was performed 6–8 weeks after completion of RT. Results: Since December 2002, 37 out of the 40 planned pts were enrolled. 31 pts (ECOG 0–2; median age 60 y, ranging from 33 to 82; males/females 16/15) are evaluable for toxicity and 17 for pathological response after surgery. Neurotoxicity was very limited, as only 10 pts (32%) experienced mild (grade I) neurotoxicity. The most frequent grade 3–4 NCI CTC toxicity was diarrhea: 7/31 pts (22%). 1 of these pts died of candida septicemia 6 wks after the last chemotherapy infusion. Total OX and CAP dose received was 92% and 93 % of the planned dose, respectively. The main reason to reduce chemotherapy dosages was diarrhea occuring at 4–5th week of the treatment. RT had to be interrupted in 2 pts due to diarrhea (total dose received 27 and 39.6 Gy). To date, 17 resected rectal specimens were reviewed by the same pathologist. 1/17 had a pathological complete remission and 5 had only microfoci of residual tumor. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that preoperative OX and CAP in combination with RT is feasible in pts with LARC. As expected, the only clinically relevant toxicity was diarrhea. Dose intensity of chemotherapy and RT was high. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in cystic fibrosis patients bearing a novel complex allele
Authors: Riccardina Tesse, Angela Polizzi, Teresa Santostasi, Anna Diana, Antonio Manca, Vito Paolo Logrillo, Luciano Cavallo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  The genotype-phenotype relationship in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients bearing a novel transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) complex allele was investigated.   Cases report:  During the genetic characterization of 289 CF Caucasian patients [M/F ratio 0.9:1, median age 16 years (range 1-46)] we found a new complex allele [H939R;H949L] in five unrelated male patients (age range 15-25 years). They all carried two CF-associated mutations, H939R and H949L, on the same exon 15 of CFTR gene in one allele, and had R248T, G542X, 1259insA, G1349D and F508del, respectively, in the other allele. All subjects had abnormal sweat chloride test values. The patient with R248T/[H939R;H949L] genotype showed CF-related symptoms restricted exclusively to hepatopathy with high levels of transaminases, but a good nutritional status and pancreatic sufficiency. The other four patients had signs of classic CF, including chronic lung and sinus disease, recurrent respiratory infections, failure to thrive and pancreatic insufficiency. Particularly, patient with 1259insA/[H939R;H949L] genotype presented with meconium ileus, and the subject bearing F508del/[H939R;H949L] showed the most severe pulmonary manifestation of CF with abnormal values on tests of lung function.   Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that the allele [H939R;H949L] greatly reduces the residual function of CFTR if on the other allele is present a severe mutation (i.e., G542X, 1259insA, G1349D and F508del), determining a very low residual function, the combined effect being an overall reduction of CFTR function; on the contrary, when the other allele carries a mild mutation, such as R248T, the overall effect is a cumulative better CFTR functioning.
Study of some inflammatory markers in children with moderate persistent bronchial asthma before and after therapy with inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Mohamed Ragab, Shahira Barakat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

This study included 30 children 5-15 y with moderate persistent asthma without chronic pulmonary illnesses aiming at studying some inflammatory markers (sputum eosinophils, AEC, ECP, and TNF-∼) in addition to FEV1/FVC ratio as an indicator of obstructive airway disease. The measurements were done 3 times for the patients and only once for the control group. The first sample was taken in both groups before start of therapy. The second was done after 3 mo of inhaled steroids ICS (after control of manifestations) and the third sample was taken with relapse either during or after complete withdrawal of ICS over 4 months. Pretreatment sample showed significantly higher levels of sputum eosinophis, AEC, ECP, TNF- ∼, and FEV1/FVC compared to the control (P= 0.001 for each). Compared to the pretreatment values markers values except AEC decreased significantly after 3 mo of ICS (P= 0.001, 0.07, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively). Relapse happened in 83% of the patients during withdrawal of the ICS therapy and was associated with significant increase in the levels of TNF-∼ and sputum eosinophils in the third sample compared to the second sample (P= 0.02, and 0.045 respectively). We can conclude that non-invasive assessment of airway inflammation through measurement of some inflammatory markers is enough to monitor the children with bronchial asthma as inflammation is evidenced by increased levels of the these markers in those patients. ICS therapy is an effective tool against this inflammation. TNF-∼ followed by sputum eosinophils are sensitive predictors of relapse in the children suffering from bronchial asthma.
A high-throughput molecular imaging screen to monitor therapeutic response in vivo
Authors: H. Charles Manning, A. Coe Foutch, Natasha G. Deane, Nipun Merchant, Shelby K. Wyatt, Mingfeng Bai, Darryl J. Bornhop, Robert J. Coffey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

B77   Molecular imaging is revolutionizing medical science by improving drug discovery and development, and facilitating therapeutic efficacy monitoring. In this presentation we will demonstrate a high-throughput molecular imaging screen that will facilitate real-time efficacy monitoring in small animal models of colorectal cancer. We have prepared a panel of complementary NIR-based imaging probes aimed at measuring physiological processes relevant to therapeutic response. For example, we have developed probes to measure epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (NIR-EGF), glucose metabolism (NIR-GLC), steroidogenesis (NIR-conPK11195), and apoptosis (NIR-Annexin-V). We have shown that our optical analogs such as NIR-conPK11195 and NIR-GLC mimic the translational probes  18 FDG and  11 C-PK11195 already in use in the clinic. To the battery of probes already in place, we are currently adding agents for measuring DNA replication (NIR-d-thymidine) and angiogenesis (NIR-VEGF). The optical imaging screen developed here is broadly applicable to small animal disease models and will be used to accelerate the pre-clinical evaluation of biological response modifiers (BRMs) and conventional therapeutics. Furthermore, the screen will speed translational intervention by guiding the optimization of delivery method, dose, timing, and order of administration. While the optical screen is intended for use in small animal disease models, clinical efficacy monitoring is feasible by preparing PET and/or SPECT analogs to the optical probes. Utilizing our novel Lanthanide chelate chemistry, we are currently preparing PET/SPECT versions of the optical probes not currently available, with the goal of translating the full efficacy screen to the clinic.
Abstract #246: Activation of Src/STAT3 pathway by Notch signaling
Authors: Jae Ho Lee, Jinkyu Suk, Sang Su Kwak, Cheol Joe
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

A crosstalk between Notch signaling that participates in the regulation of cell fate decision and hypoxia pathway that controls hypoxia-inducible genes was investigated. The effects of Notch signaling under hypoxic condition were assessed in tetracycline-inducible NICD HeLa cell line (HeLa/rtTAA/TRE-N1-IC cells). Northern blot analysis revealed that NICD acts as a transcriptional activator of HIF1-\#945; and its target genes including VEGF and DEC1. In parallel with the increased HIF1-\#945; expression, we found that Notch signaling enhances STAT3 phosphorylation. Treatment of PP1, an inhibitor of Src, blocked Notch signaling-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in NICD inducible HeLa cells but AG490, an inhibitor of JAK, did not affect STAT3 phosphorylation suggesting that Src activity is important for STAT3 phosphorylation. Src/STAT3 activation was dependent on the Notch downstream effector, Hes1. We conclude that Notch signaling-induced activation of Src/STAT3 and hypoxia pathway is mediated by Hes1.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 246.
Abnormal Polyamine Metabolism in Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies
Authors: Daniel Rudman, Michael H. Kutner, Rajender K. Chawla, Martin A. Goldsmith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Previous studies showed hyperre-sponsiveness to human growth hormone (hGH) in men with myotonic or limb girdle dystrophies (MMD or LGD). Because polyamines may mediate some actions of hGH, we have now investigated polyamine metabolism in these and other dystrophies.
Intraocular retinoblastoma group V: an analysis of prognostic factors.
Authors: C M Rubin, L L Robison, J D Cameron, W G Woods, M E Nesbit, W Krivit, T H Kim, R D Letson, N K Ramsay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

A retrospective analysis of the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis) experience with retinoblastoma is presented. Seventy-five patients were diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 1958 and 1983, of which 53 (71%) had at least one Reese-Ellsworth group V eye. Nineteen group V patients and one group II patient developed extraocular disease recurrence. The cumulative actuarial rate of recurrence at 12 years was 36% for patients with group V disease. The median time from diagnosis to recurrence for unilateral patients was seven months and for bilateral patients 28 months (P = .001). Patients developing extraocular disease had a 10-year actuarial survival rate postrecurrence of 34%. The four long-term survivors of extraocular recurrences had had isolated orbital or local soft tissue recurrences only. Features of group V patients associated with extraocular recurrences were identified by univariate life table analyses. Clinical poor-risk factors included the nongenetic form of the disease (P = .03) and male sex (P = .02). Pathologic poor risk factors included rubeosis (P = .01), undifferentiated histology (P = .03), large tumor size (P = .05), and intraocular extension to the anterior segment (P = .02), retinal pigment epithelium (P = .03), choroid (P less than .001), and optic nerve beyond the lamina cribrosa (P = .02). Treatment-associated poor-risk factors included an optic nerve length of less than 5 mm removed at enucleation (P = .003). Multivariate life table analyses demonstrated the following parameters to be independent poor-prognostic factors: optic nerve length of less than 5 mm removed at enucleation (P = .001), optic nerve involvement (P = .004), and large tumor size (P = .01). These results will help to identify patients with retinoblastoma who are at greatest risk for extraocular recurrence.
Rate and prediction of relapse in bulimia nervosa
Authors: M P Olmsted, A S Kaplan, W Rockert
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The purpose of this study was to provide an estimate of the rate of relapse in patients with bulimia nervosa and to attempt to identify indexes of functioning before or after treatment that predicted subsequent relapse.The subjects were 48 female patients with bulimia nervosa who achieved symptom control while attending a specialized day hospital treatment program for eating disorders. The subjects were assessed before treatment, after treatment, and at a 2-year follow-up interview with respect to their eating symptoms and psychosocial functioning.A relapse rate of 31% was observed during the 2-year follow-up period, and the vast majority of relapses occurred within the first 6 months after treatment. The strongest predictors of relapse were younger age, higher vomiting frequency, and a higher score on the bulimia subscale of the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test before treatment and higher vomiting frequency and a higher score on the interpersonal distrust subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory at the end of treatment. Measures of binge eating frequency, self-esteem, depression, and social adjustment were not significant predictors of relapse.Vomiting frequency, even at subthreshold levels, appears to be an important prognostic indicator and may be one of the best barometers of residual symptoms in these patients.
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV should be started at diagnosis regardless of CD4+ count, study concludes:
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Initiating antiretroviral therapy immediately after HIV diagnosis rather than waiting until a patient’s CD4+ count has declined is of considerable benefit, a large international study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has found.1 The results of the study were also released at the International AIDS Society conference in Vancouver, Canada, on 20 July.

It has been common practice to defer the start of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic patients with a CD4+ count above a certain threshold. The threshold for treatment varies across different …
Abstract 2643: The Impact of Gender on the Clinical Outcome after Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: A Report from the ARTS II Trial
Authors: Marie-Claude Morice, Vassilis Voudris, Sophia Vaina, Georg Szurawitzki, Elisabeth Krankenhaus, Alessandro Fontanelli, Knut Endresen, Igor Kranjec, Kristel Wittebols, Hans-Peter Stoll, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Liver and gender: Are there differences in fibrous tissue before the onset of fibrosis?
Authors: Ricardo Marcos, Carla Correia‐Gomes
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

We read with enthusiasm the article by Yang et al., published in Hepatology, which studies the impact of gender in fibrosis among nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients.1 It confirms that, apart from autoimmune diseases, hepatic fibrosis is largely a male disease.1, 2 This gender susceptibility has been substantiated by other epidemiological and experimental studies.2 Estrogens have been implicated in this protective role. Yang et al. reported that before and after age 50, men had 1.8- and 1.2-fold increased risk of having greater severity of fibrosis.1 If the role of estrogens in disease is nowadays unequivocal, their effect in healthy liver still remains obscure. Recently, we studied male and female Wistar rat livers (n = 5 per group) ages 2, 6, 12, and 18 months. These "control" animals were bought from Charles-River (Spain) and aged in standard conditions (12 hours light-dark, water and food [4RF21Mucedola, Italy] ad libitum). Serum estradiol levels were within reference levels and increased with aging in females (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P < 0.01). Using a systematic random sampling design we obtained liver fragments and paraffin sections were stained with Sirius-red for fibrous tissue quantification (collagen I/III).3 Livers were normal (transaminases and histology) and the relative volume of fibrous tissue was evaluated by point counting using a stereological system. An average of 216 fields (1,608× magnification at screen) was assessed per animal. We obtained significant differences (Mann-Whitney test P = 0.018): males had 34% more fibrous tissue than females (2.5 versus 1.9%, Fig. 1). These were independent of liver volume or weight, being mainly due to perisinusoidal fibrous tissue deposition. Interestingly, it increased with aging in males (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.01), but not in females. To the best of our knowledge, such differences have never been detailed in rats or humans. However, studies with small4 and large sample5 of healthy patients, using transient elastography (Fibroscan), have shown significant differences, pointing to greater extracellular matrix content in male liver. No doubt exists that men with NASH have increased fibrosis, but probably, before having it, their liver already had more (perisinusoidal) fibrous tissue. We may hypothesize that, by jumping the gun, men would have an increased risk of more severe liver fibrosis. Distribution of liver fibrous tissue according to gender in 40 rats. Relative volume was assessed by point counting (excluding large portal tracts and capsule).3 Bean-plots illustrate group means and 95% confidence intervals; gray horizontal bar represents total sample mean. Ricardo Marcos, D.V.M., Ph.D.1 Carla Correia-Gomes, D.V.M., Ph.D., M.R.C.V.S.2 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar ICBAS-UPorto, Portugal 2Epidemiology Research Unit, SRUC Inverness, UK
Sarcoidosis - Diagnostics, prognosis and therapy in everyday pneumological practice. A retrospective analysis
Authors: Martina Doubkova, Ilona Binkova, Jana Skrickova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Currently, prognostic factors, or therapy in sarcoidosis are frequently discussed, however, up-to-date data concerning the incidence and the management of sarcoidosis in everyday pneumological practice are still missing. Therefore, we decided to analyze the characteristic of comprehensive cohort of sarcoidosis patients.  Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all 169 patients, whom the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was set at our pulmonary department in years 2005-2010.  Results: Median age of sarcoidosis patients was 48 years (20-79). Females:males ratio was 1.5:1. Non smoker:smoker ratio was 2.2:1. Familial occurrence was observed in 4 patients. At diagnosis, stage 0 was present in 3.5% patients, stage I in 34% patients, stage II in 49.5% patients, stage III in 11% patients, and stage IV in 2% patients. In 76 patients there was extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. The coincidence of sarcoidosis with other autoimune diseases was observed in 10 patients; 6 patients developed trombembolic disease. Spontaneous resolution was seen in 36% patients; 57% of stage I, 29% of stage II, and 11 % of stage III. 64% received corticosteroids. 16% of patients developed chronic sarcoidosis. In sarcoidosis patients with spontaneous resolution, no relapse of disease was observed. On the other hand, 10% of treated patients relapsed. Median time to sarcoidosis relapse was 6 months. There was no difference in age between good and poor risk groups of patients. Observed lethality was 1.2% (2 patients). Conclusion: Male gender, X-ray stage I or II, lymphocytic alveolitis in bronchoalveolar fluid, spontaneous regression, and active disease duration up to 2 years appear to be good prognostic factors.
Mutations in the E-Domain of RARα Portion of the PML/RARα Chimeric Gene May Confer Clinical Resistance to All-transRetinoic Acid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Masue Imaizumi, Hoshiro Suzuki, Miyako Yoshinari, Atsushi Sato, Toshiaki Saito, Akira Sugawara, Shigeru Tsuchiya, Yoshiro Hatae, Takeo Fujimoto, Akira Kakizuka, Tasuke Konno, Kazuie Iinuma
Journal: Blood (1998)
Complementary and alternative therapy in bronchial asthma - A study from India
Authors: Kunjupillay Venugopal, P.R. Sreelatha, R.S. Nisha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction   Various complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) are being studied in Asthma management, with reports of varying effects. CAT includes a variety of breathing and relaxation exercises including Yoga, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive relaxation etc. If these can facilitate easy disease control, they can be utilized in bringing down the cost of Asthma treatment, a major issue in resource limited countries like ours.   Aim   1 .  Compare the effect of 2 CATs i.e, Buteyko Breathing Technique(BBT) and  Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises (DBE) in asthma treatment  2. Compare the effect of each to conventional treatment alone.   Materials & Methods   Prospective, case-control study conducted in an allergy clinic at Alappuzha. Patients with persistent asthma aged 25-65 years were randomly grouped into 3.  A-Receiving conventional therapy alone  B-Above+BBT  C-Above+DBE  Disease control assessed by spirometry, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Asthma Control Test and β-agonist use during first week of study and end of third month.  Statistical analysis by 2 way ANOVA technique   Result   Total of 30 patients, 10 in each group studied. No significant difference in FEV1 among 3 groups; statistically significant improvement in quality of life (QOL) among groups B & C, with reduction in β-agonist use.   Conclusion:   CAT can be useful in improving QOL among asthmatics.