tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reuse of identified neurons in multiple neural circuits
Authors: Jeremy E. Niven, Lars Chittka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The growing recognition by cognitive neuroscientists that areas of vertebrate brains may be reused for multiple purposes either functionally during development or during evolution echoes a similar realization made by neuroscientists working on invertebrates. Because of these animals' relatively more accessible nervous systems, neuronal reuse can be examined at the level of individual identified neurons and fully characterized neural circuits.
Plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide is a sensitive indicator of left ventricle dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with myocardial infarction: Comparison of thallium(Tl)-201 scintigraphic myocardial infarct size with plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide
Authors: Yoshito Inobe, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Seiji Tomiguchi, Mutsumasa Takahashi, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
CASE OF SARCOMA OF THE FEMUR, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A RECENT METHOD OF AMPUTATION AT THE HIP-JOINT
Authors: C. A. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1903)

SARCOMA.OF THE FEMUR.rm AouAI 15.x arthritis or other causes, which persistently and obstinately relapse.I am not aware that it has been performed in any similar instance, but recently I have tried it in the case of a child suffering from chronic disease of the knee, in which the joint always has begun to bend again as soon as the splint was left off, but it is too early as yet to enable me to say that the success is permanent.A photograph of the patient taken eighteen months after the operation is appended.(See Fig. i, p. 1582.
Global Allergy Forum and Second Davos Declaration 2013 Allergy: Barriers to cure - challenges and actions to be taken
Authors: J. Ring, C. Akdis, R. Lauener, G. Schäppi, C. Traidl-Hoffmann, M. Akdis, W. Ammann, H. Behrendt, T. Bieber, T. Biedermann, J. Bienenstock, K. Blaser, C. Braun-Fahrländer, K. Brockow, J. Buters, R. Crameri, U. Darsow, J. A. Denburg, K. Eyerich, R. Frei, S. J. Galli, J. Gutermuth, P. Holt, H. Koren, D. Leung, U. Müller, A. Muraro, M. Ollert, L. O'Mahony, R. Pawankar, T. Platts-Mills, C. Rhyner, L. J. Rosenwasser, P. Schmid-Grendelmeier, C. B. Schmidt-Weber, W. Schmutz, D. Simon, H. U. Simon, M. Sofiev, M. van Hage, R. van Ree
Journal: Allergy (2014)
Guidebook for Clerkship Directors
Authors: Richard J. Simons
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caring for People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The good news continues in the battle against AIDS. In the United States, the age-adjusted death rate among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1997 was less than 40 percent of what it was in 1995.1,2 The 16,685 deaths in 1997 represent the lowest annual total in nearly a decade. That is still 16,685 deaths too many, but it is in marked contrast to the record of 43,115 deaths due to AIDS in 1995. Not only has mortality from AIDS decreased, but so has the incidence of AIDS among those who have HIV infection. Unfortunately, the incidence of . . .
Synergism between T and non-T cells in the in vivo induction and in vitro expression of graft-vs.-host disease-induced natural suppressor cells.
Authors: T Maier, J H Holda, H N Claman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We have been studying the mitogen hyporesponsiveness and immunosuppression induced in chronic murine graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) induced across minor histocompatibility (MiHA) barriers. In this system, donor and recipient mice are major histocompatibility complex- and mls-identical, and are nonreactive in primary mixed leukocyte reactions. Spleen cells from B10.D2 (H-2d, mls b) mice were injected into irradiated (600 rad) BALB/c (H-2d, mls b) recipients. Recipient spleen cells are hyporesponsive to mitogens, and contain natural suppressor (NS) cells. We investigated the cellular requirements for both the in vivo induction and the in vitro expression of this GVH suppression. T cells are required in the graft, but they are not sufficient to induce suppression, and a non-T cell population is also required for maximum induction in vivo. T cells are also required for the maximum expression of NS cell suppressive ability in vitro. Early in the course of GVH, the suppressor cells are able to suppress the Con A and LPS response of all mouse strains tested (except for the relative difficulty in suppressing the B10.D2 LPS response). Later, they become almost completely unable to suppress the B10.D2 LPS response; while still being able to suppress the Con A and LPS response of all other strains tested (including the B10.D2 Con A response). This inability to suppress a B10.D2 LPS response can be brought back to almost complete suppression by the addition of concanavalin A supernatant (CAS). We present a hypothesis to explain what may be a common mechanism for GVH-induced suppression, total lymphoid irradiation-induced suppression, and neonatal tolerance. These situations all include rapidly proliferating lymphohematopoietic stem cell populations, and also have large numbers of NS cells. NS cells can suppress proliferating lymphoid populations, and their development and activity are greatly enhanced by T cell signals such as are supplied by donor T cells in chronic GVHD. Thus, NS cells may feed back on and downregulate self-reactive T cells or T cells responding to introduced foreign antigens.
Adenoviral-mediated expression of porphobilinogen deaminase in liver restores the metabolic defect in a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Annika Johansson, Grzegorz Nowak, Christer Möller, Pontus Blomberg, Pauline Harper
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of gene therapy in the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a disorder caused by a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the third enzyme in heme synthesis. The condition is biochemically characterized by accumulation of the porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Here we present the first experiments in vivo using adenoviral vectors to replace the deficient enzyme in the liver of an AIP mouse model. The use of adenoviral vector carrying the cDNA of luciferase in wild-type mice confirmed that transgene expression after intravenous administration was found mainly in liver. When PBGD-deficient mice were administered with adenoviral vector carrying the cDNA of mouse PBGD, the hepatic PBGD activity increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The highest activity was found 7 days after injection and remained high after 29 days. The expressed enzyme was shown to correct the metabolic defect in the PBGD-deficient mice as no accumulation of ALA or PBG occurred in plasma, liver, or kidney after induction of heme synthesis by phenobarbital. The study demonstrates that hepatic PBGD expression prevents the accumulation of porphyrin precursors, suggesting a future potential for gene therapy in AIP.
African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968
Authors: Robert B. Baker, Harriet A. Washington, Ololade Olakanmi, Todd L. Savitt, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, Eddie Hoover, Matthew K. Wynia
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Like the nation as a whole, organized medicine in the United States carries a legacy of racial bias and segregation that should be understood and acknowledged. For more than 100 years, many state and local medical societies openly discriminated against black physicians, barring them from membership and from professional support and advancement. The American Medical Association was early and persistent in countenancing this racial segregation. Several key historical episodes demonstrate that many of the decisions and practices that established and maintained medical professional segregation were challenged by black and white physicians, both within and outside organized medicine. The effects of this history have been far reaching for the medical profession and, in particular, the legacy of segregation, bias, and exclusion continues to adversely affect African American physicians and the patients they serve.
Magnetic resonance imaging of urea transporter knockout mice shows renal pelvic abnormalities
Authors: Vinitha A. Jacob, Calista M. Harbaugh, John R. Dietz, Robert A. Fenton, Soo M. Kim, Hayo Castrop, Jurgen Schnermann, Mark A. Knepper, Chung-Lin Chou, Stasia A. Anderson
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Abstract 1140: Par-4 mediates EMT in response to TGF-β stimulation
Authors: François Fabi, Parvesh Chaudhry, Mohan Singh, Eric Asselin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer affecting the female genital tract; this disease also stands as the fourth most frequent cancer affecting occidental women. Endometrial cancer is generally well manageable; however, the high metastatic potential of endometrial tumors represents one of the major hurdles in the treatment of this disease. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered for a long time as a central mechanism by which cancer cells acquire invasive abilities necessary for metastasis formation. Multiple regulatory networks dictate this complex process; however TGF-β has been shown to be one of the most important inductor of EMT in cancer cells. Still, the process by which TGF-β induces this transition has yet to be fully understood. Our study demonstrates that TGF-β upregulates the expression of Par-4, a tumor suppressor protein concomitantly with the onset of EMT. Four uterine cell lines (Hec-1-a, KLE, HeLa, HIESC), one ovarian cell line (SKOV-3) and one breast cell line (MCF7) were used in this study. We first investigated the effect of exogenous TGF-β treatment on these cell lines to determine its effect on Par-4 expression. We've observed that TGF-β increased Par-4 levels in every cell lines. Preliminary analysis determined that this regulation was made through both Smad4 and p65, which was confirmed by the use of siRNA. We've also demonstrated that this regulation was made at the transcriptional level by RT-qPCR. We then sought to confirm the effect of TGF-β on our cell lines and its effect on EMT induction. Our experiments demonstrated that TGF-β promotes EMT as suggested by the upregulation of multiple EMT markers. Transfections using Par-4 expression plasmids induced similar changes, indicating the involvement of Par-4 in TGF-β mediated EMT induction. We then proceeded to assess the effect of Par-4 knockdown concurrent with exogenous TGF-β stimulation. This experiment revealed that Par-4 knockdown reduced the ability of TGF-β to induce Snail expression, further demonstrating the importance of Par-4 in the process of TGF-β mediated EMT. To conclude the study, we sought to understand the effect of XIAP in this process. Our experiments uncovered that XIAP regulates full length Par-4 levels through the inhibition of its caspase-mediated cleavage. Furthermore, the inhibition of XIAP by siRNAs, and thus of Par-4 cleavage, resulted in the reduction of Par-4 EMT inducing capabilities. In conclusion, our study proposes a novel function of Par-4 as an inductor of EMT in multiple cell lines. Citation Format: François Fabi, Parvesh Chaudhry, Mohan Singh, Eric Asselin. Par-4 mediates EMT in response to TGF-β stimulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1140
Role of PU.1 in MHC class II expression through transcriptional regulation of class II transactivator pI in dendritic cells
Authors: Nao Kitamura, Hokuto Yokoyama, Takuya Yashiro, Nobuhiro Nakano, Makoto Nishiyama, Shunsuke Kanada, Tatsuo Fukai, Mutsuko Hara, Shigaku Ikeda, Hideoki Ogawa, Ko Okumura, Chiharu Nishiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
"A NEW SIGN OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION"
Authors: Theodore B. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 27, in an article entitled "A New Sign of Pericardial Effusion," Eli Moschcowitz describes the "abrupt transition from pulmonary resonance to cardiac flatness" in such conditions, stating that this sign, "so far as I can gather, has not been described before." Having often heard this sign described in courses on physical diagnosis and seen it demonstrated at the bedside, I was somewhat surprised to see it again mentioned, especially as a new sign, and, above all, inThe Journal. A very casual review of some of the textbooks and monographs on heart disease published during the past forty years confirmed the opinion that it is a well known and frequently described physical finding, although Cabot's and Norris and Lander's books on physical diagnosis do not mention it and it is not spoken of in the articles on pericarditis in Cecil's or Osler's textbooks.
Degree of genomic heterogeneity correlates with a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histological scoring system for HCC and putative precursor nodular lesions in cirrhotic livers
Authors: Alberto Quaglia, Arjun Dhillon, Andrew Godfrey, Cristoph Laurent, Jitendra Saini, Rudiger Matull, Romano Colombari, Roberto Togni, Paolo Dalla Palma, Francesca Demichelis, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud, Brian Davidson, Andrew Burroughs, Amar Paul Dhillon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Whistle-Blowers' Experiences in Fraud Litigation against Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, David M. Studdert, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The authors interviewed 26 whistle-blowers who had initiated qui tam cases against pharmaceutical companies that were successfully prosecuted for health care fraud. The whistle-blowers reported undergoing substantial personal hardships during their legal cases, which lasted an average of 5 years. They were paid a median of $3 million.
Microdissection-based allelotyping discriminates de novo tumor from intrahepatic spread in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sydney D. Finkelstein, Wallis Marsh, Anthony J. Demetris, Patricia A. Swalsky, Eizaburo Sasatomi, Andrew Bonham, Michael Subotin, Igor Dvorchik
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

A total of 103 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in native livers discovered at the time of transplantation underwent allelic loss analysis. HCC mutational allelotyping targeted 10 genomic loci (1p, 3p, 5q, 7q, 8q, 9p, 10q, 17p, 17q, 18q) using 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers situated in proximity to known tumor suppressor genes associated with human carcinogenesis. Gene analysis was performed on microdissected tissue samples removed from 4-μm thick histologic sections at specific topographic sites selected on the basis of representative cellular characteristics. Microdissection targets included largest tumor nodule at 2 locations as well as up to 3 additional tumor nodules in each case. HCC genotyping characteristics including mutational profile and cumulative fractional allelic loss (FAL) were correlated with clinical and pathologic features. Individual nodules of HCC showed 2 patterns of mutational change: (1) essentially concordant mutational profiles consistent with intrahepatic spread of tumor, or (2) discordant mutational profiles consistent with independent primary cancer formation. In 15 of 56 cases (27%) in which the HCC was in a multinodular, bilobar form (T4), sufficient discordance in the allelic loss profile enabled a more accurate T-stage classification with better prediction of recurrence-free survival. In conclusion, microdissection genotyping of HCC is an effective and objective means to (1) distinguish between de novo HCC tumor formation versus intrahepatic spread of cancer and to (2) improve on current methods for prediction of tumor aggressiveness and recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation. (Hepatology 2003;37:871-879.)
Heart risk scoring system used by NICE may overestimate lipid disorders
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The scoring system recommended in national guidelines for assessing patients’ cardiovascular risk may overestimate the number of people in England who need treatment for lipid disorders and may be missing others, a new analysis indicates.

Lipid modification guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which were published in May 2008, advise doctors to use a modified version of the Framingham algorithm to check patients’ 10 year cardiovascular risk and decide whether they need drug treatment to reduce raised cholesterol concentrations. 

But a new analysis by epidemiologists at the University of Oxford and commissioned by the Department of Health says that the choice of risk scoring system was based on “incorrect and severely misleading” findings (www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_103341). The analysis, some of the results of …
Diosgenin-induced biliary cholesterol secretion in mice requires Abcg8
Authors: Astrid Kosters, Raoul J. J. M. Frijters, Cindy Kunne, Edwin Vink, Marit S. Schneiders, Frank G. Schaap, Catherina P. Nibbering, Shailendra B. Patel, Albert K. Groen
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The plant sterol diosgenin has been shown to stimulate biliary cholesterol secretion in mice without affecting the expression of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter heterodimer Abcg5/g8. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of diosgenin-induced cholesterol hypersecretion and to identify the genes involved. Surprisingly, despite its lack of effect on Abcg5/g8 expression in wild-type mice, diosgenin did not stimulate biliary cholesterol secretion in mice deficient for Abcg8. Analysis of the kinetics of cholesterol secretion suggested that diosgenin probably activates a step before Abcg5/g8. To identify potential diosgenin targets, gene expression profiling was performed in mice fed a diosgenin-supplemented diet. Diosgenin feeding increased hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis as well as genes encoding for several cytochrome P450s. No significant change in expression of known cholesterol transporters was found. Comparison with published expression-profiling data for Srebp2-overexpressing mice, another mouse model in which biliary cholesterol secretion is elevated, revealed a number of genes with unknown function that were upregulated in both diosgenin-fed mice and mice overexpressing Srebp2. In conclusion, we found that although Abcg8 is essential for most diosgenin-induced biliary cholesterol hypersecretion, diosgenin probably does not interact directly with Abcg5/Abcg8, but rather increases cholesterol delivery to the heterodimer. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Neurologic Adverse Events Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in the United States, 2002-2004
Authors: James J. Sejvar
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Neurologic illness is an infrequent but severe adverse event associated with smallpox vaccination. The reinstatement of smallpox vaccination in the United States in response to possible bioterrorism renewed concerns about vaccine-related adverse neurologic events.To determine rates and describe the clinical features of neurologic events associated with smallpox vaccination.We assessed reports of adverse events obtained through active case reporting and review of data reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System among 665,000 persons vaccinated against smallpox by the Departments of Defense (n = 625,400 [corrected]) and Health and Human Services (n = 39,400 [corrected]) during the 2002-2004 US Smallpox Vaccination Program.Adverse neurologic events temporally associated with smallpox vaccination.Between December 16, 2002, and March 11, 2004, 214 neurologic adverse events temporally associated with smallpox vaccination were reported; 111 reports involved Department of Health and Human Services and 103 involved Department of Defense vaccinees. Fifty-four percent of these events occurred within 1 week of vaccination, and 53% were among primary vaccinees. The most common neurologic adverse event was headache (95 cases), followed by nonserious limb paresthesias (n = 17) or pain (n = 13) and dizziness or vertigo (n = 13). Serious neurologic adverse events included 13 cases of suspected meningitis, 3 cases of suspected encephalitis or myelitis, 11 cases of Bell palsy, 8 seizures (including 1 death), and 3 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Among these 39 events, 27 (69%) occurred in primary vaccinees and all but 2 occurred within 12 days of vaccination.During the 2002-2004 smallpox vaccination campaign, reported neurologic events were generally mild and self-limited, and no neurologic syndrome was identified at a rate above baseline estimates. Serious neurologic adverse events, such as postvaccinal encephalitis, Bell palsy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome, occurred in accordance with expected ranges.
Adrenal Factors in Hypertension
Authors: JEROME W. CONN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The relation of adrenal function to hypertension in man is discussed. It is pointed out that hypertension accompanying hyperaldosteronism may recur after removal of the tumor and correction of the electrolyte abnormality. The complex relationship between blood pressure, excretion of sodium loads, total body sodium and aldosterone excretion is emphasized. Results following bilateral adrenalectomy in man indicate a permissive role for the adrenal cortex; this is further supported by the occasional clinical observation that certain patients with Addison's disease who have an unusual pressor response to substitution therapy have had a prior hypertension or a prominent family history of this disease.