tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of lung function with waterpipe (shisha) tobacco use in healthy adults
Authors: Ashvina Chouhan, Chinedu Nwokoro, Rossa Brugha, Naseem Mushtaq, Jonathan Grigg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   Waterpipe (WP) tobacco (shisha, hookah, narghile) smoking is gaining popularity in Europe. There is a perception among UK students that waterpipe smoking is “safer” than smoking cigarettes. We hypothesized that WP smoking as practiced by UK students results in particulate matter-mediated lung effects, including increased loading of airway macrophages (AM) with black carbon (BC) and reduced lung function.   Aims   To assess the effect of WPS on AM BC and lung function in healthy non-cigarette smoking students.   Methods   After informed consent, AM BC and spirometry were assessed in 11 WP smokers and 13 controls. AM were sampled by sputum induction, imaged under light microscopy (x100) and the mean area of BC in 50 random AM asessed using image analysis (image J, NIH).   Results    Conclusion   This study is the first to show reduced lung function in UK WP smokers. The lack of change in AM carbon may be due to small study size.
Complete revascularisation versus treatment of the culprit lesion only in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (DANAMI-3—PRIMULTI): an open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thomas Engstrøm, Henning Kelbæk, Steffen Helqvist, Dan Eik Høfsten, Lene Kløvgaard, Lene Holmvang, Erik Jørgensen, Frants Pedersen, Kari Saunamäki, Peter Clemmensen, Ole De Backer, Jan Ravkilde, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Anton Boel Villadsen, Jens Aarøe, Svend Eggert Jensen, Bent Raungaard, Lars Køber
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Availability of pulmonary rehabilitation in primary care for patients with COPD in Sweden
Authors: Mats Arne, Margareta Emtner, Karin Lisspers, Karin Wadell, Bjorn Stallberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:   Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an important, evidence-based component of the management of COPD including exercise training. The majority of patients with COPD are treated in primary care. In a recent study in Sweden, only 10% of COPD patients in primary care stated they had had contact with a physiotherapist last year.   Aim:   To investigate the availability of rehabilitation resources in primary care for COPD patients in Sweden.   Method:   A cross-sectional descriptive design, based on a web-based questionnaire sent to the managers of all 683 primary care centres in 12 regions corresponding to half of the 9.5 million inhabitants in Sweden. The survey included questions about availability of rehabilitation resources for COPD patients. PR was defined as exercise training and at least one of the following activities: education, nutritional intervention, energy conservation techniques or psychosocial support.   Results:   A total of 381 centres (56%) responded. A non-responder telephone survey showed no differences in answers compared to responders. Availability of health professionals for rehabilitation in primary care was: physiotherapists 92%, occupational therapists 92%, dieticians 84% and social workers/psychologists 98%.  Forty-nine percent of the centres stated their COPD patients had access to PR.   Conclusions:   Availability of health professionals for PR in primary care in Sweden was high. Nevertheless only about half of the centres stated that their patients with COPD had access to PR in primary care and overall few patients had contact with physiotherapist according to another recent study. This indicates a need for awareness and restructuring of available resources for PR in primary care.
Pharmacokinetic and phase I trial of intraperitoneal carboplatin and cyclosporine in refractory ovarian cancer patients.
Authors: S K Chambers, J T Chambers, C A Davis, E I Kohorn, P E Schwartz, M I Lorber, R E Handschumacher, G Pizzorno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE The feasibility and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine (CsA) delivered intraperitoneally (IP) have not been previously explored. We performed a pharmacokinetic study of IP CsA followed by a phase I dose-escalation trial of the combination of IP CsA and carboplatin in refractory ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A pilot study was performed of three patients who received 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg IP CsA alone. Subsequently, a phase I trial of 35 patients was performed between April 1990 and April 1993. Whole-blood and IP fluid CsA concentrations were measured at serial time points. The highest dose delivered IP was 34.6 mg CsA/kg in combination with carboplatin (250 mg/m2 or 300 mg/m2, depending on creatinine clearance), which was not dose-escalated. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for CsA and half-life (T1/2) were calculated. Objective and serologic responses were noted, and toxicity was graded using the National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria. RESULTS The feasibility of delivering IP CsA alone was established. We observed a 1,000:1 ratio between IP fluid and blood concentrations at 20 mg CsA/kg. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that at 20 mg CsA/kg, there was an IP fluid-to-blood AUC ratio of 600:1 in favor of peritoneal exposure. At the highest dose delivered, 34.6 mg CsA/kg, the mean IP CsA levels of 1,110 micrograms/ mL were tolerated moderately well and the IP fluid-to-blood ratio of 1,000:1 was maintained. Blood and IP CsA concentrations were analyzed in the presence and absence of IP carboplatin. At 20 mg CsA/kg, there was no difference in either mean blood CsA levels (0.9 microgram/ mL) or mean IP CsA concentrations (1,000 micrograms/mL) obtained in the absence or presence of carboplatin. The most common toxicity in the phase I study was anemia, seen in 66% of patients. Common toxicities at the maximum CsA dose delivered (34.6 mg/kg) were anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypertension. In this trial, three objective responses (two complete and one partial) were observed for a duration of 3 to 11 months. Control of platinum-resistant ascites was an important feature, noted in five of eight patients. CONCLUSION We have established the feasibility of delivering IP CsA up to doses of 34.6 mg/kg in conjunction with carboplatin, and the sustaining of IP fluid to blood ratios of 1,000:1. The IP administration of CsA resulted in a favorable ratio of exposure for the peritoneal cavity compared with systemic exposure, indicating a therapeutic advantage of this approach with a significant decrease in systemic toxicity. We recommend that 34.6 mg/ kg of IP CsA be tested as a phase II dose in combination with carboplatin in refractory ovarian cancer patients. This report provides the groundwork for future studies using IP CsA, both as a chemomodulator of platinum and of multidrug resistance.
Role of Bacterial Microflora in Development of Intestinal Lesions From Graft-Versus-Host Reaction
Authors: D. W. van Bekkum, S. Knaan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Acute secondary disease was induced in (C57BL X CBA)F1 mice by transplanting CBA bone marrow and spleen cells following lethal whole-body irradiation. The lesions of graft-versus-host (GvH) disease were scored quantitatively by counting of degenerated crypts in subcutaneous fetal gut implants that were free of bacteria. In conventional F1 mice the damage in F1 fetal gut was twice as great as in F1 fetal gut implants carried by decontaminated chimeras. CBA fetal gut implants developed substantial damage when present in conventional chimeras, but not when present in decontaminated chimeras. These results could be explained by assuming the presence of cross-reacting antigens on intestinal bacteria and in the gut epithelial tissue. They also explained the profound protection against delayed GvH mortality provided by removal of the intestinal microflora.
Prognostic significance of staging factors of the UICC staging system in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS-II).
Authors: W Lawrence, E A Gehan, D M Hays, M Beltangady, H M Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

The need for a pretreatment staging system to accurately assess programs of therapy for the various sites and stages of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma has become apparent as detailed analyses of many factors affecting prognosis and treatment choices have been accomplished through the national cooperative trial, the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS). Initiated in 1972, the IRS has thus far used a clinicopathologic grouping system that is based heavily on therapeutic decisions, particularly on whether or not excision is accomplished and the extent of such an operation. The major problem with this and several other staging classifications now in use is that they depend on pathologic data obtained after surgical treatment has been initiated or rejected. In addition, they do not consider histologic variations of this neoplasm which may be important in estimating prognosis. The large body of clinical data now accumulated in the IRS has provided an excellent opportunity for developing a database for evaluating the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) pretreatment staging system and also the potential for using histologic categories in the staging process. The records of 505 eligible patients entered into the IRS between 1978 and 1982 were used to determine the prognostic impact of a number of pretreatment factors. These included local invasiveness of the primary neoplasm on clinical examination, tumor size, clinical status of regional nodes, clinical or radiologic evidence of distant metastases, and favorable or unfavorable histologic categories. A retrospective assessment of the relationship of these pretreatment observations to survival experience has been carried out. This retrospective study indicates definite prognostic significance for all of the individual factors used on the UICC system except clinical status of regional nodes. Also, these data serve as a basis for considering the possibility of including favorable v unfavorable histology in the pretreatment staging system now being tested prospectively in the ongoing IRS protocols.
THE IMPORTANCE OF OCULAR SIGNS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN TUMOR
Authors: Ernest Sachs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 February 1938THE IMPORTANCE OF OCULAR SIGNS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN TUMORERNEST SACHS, M.D.ERNEST SACHS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-8-1395 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOrdinarily, when discussing the diagnosis of brain tumors, one passes in review more or less completely the whole gamut of diagnostic signs and symptoms. But in this paper I propose to select only one small part of the nervous system—the eyes—and try to show how it may be possible to localize a lesion in almost any part of the brain if the study of this part be sufficiently thorough.The eyes should be studied from five angles:I. Ocular palsies.II. Ocular movements.III. Visual defects.IV. Ophthalmoscopic changes.V. Subjective visual disturbances.I. Ocular Palsies. The nerve most frequently... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Read at the St. Louis meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 20, 1937. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRelations of brain centers to normal and abnormal eye movements in the horizontal plane 1 February 1938Volume 11, Issue 8Page: 1395-1400KeywordsBrainLesionsNervesNervous systemParalysisSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1938 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1938, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
The First Psychiatric Congress of Eastern Europe
Authors: GEORGE CHRISTODOULOU
Journal: World Psychiatry (2008)

When the WPA-affiliated Psychiatric Association for Eastern Europe and the Balkans (www.paeeb.com) took the decision to organize the First Psychiatric Congress of the region, the outcome was uncertain. Yet, the decision was made and the outcome was excellent. The Congress was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, from 21 to 23 September 2007. More than 700 psychiatrists from practically all Eastern European countries participated and the scientific presentations have drawn great interest. The main topics of the Congress were: a) psychiatric reform, urgently needed in the area and b) suicide, in view of the fact that the top nine countries in number of deaths from suicide in Europe are Eastern European ones. There were panel discussions on achievements, problems and perspectives, to which all representatives of National Associations participated, panels organized by families and relatives, courses by the European Division of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, presentations by the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees and young psychiatrists, a panel discussion on violence in the Middle East, with the participation of the Iraqi, Israeli and Palestinian psychiatric society presidents, and many other topics that stimulated vigorous discussions. During the General Assembly, in which representatives from 13 countries participated, the Declaration of Thessaloniki was voted upon. The Declaration draws attention to the serious economic difficulties of the countries of the region, to the severe stress that has followed war conflicts, to the great number of refugees and to the psychosocial consequences of calamities that have occurred in the region, to the limitations in communication of psychiatrists of the area with their colleagues elsewhere, to the need for the upgrading of scientific knowledge and the return of scientific input from Eastern Europe to its previous level of excellence. The Declaration urges the international scientific community and the political leadership to contribute to the reconstruction and advancement of the countries of the region and to the upgrading of the productivity of their psychiatric communities for the benefit of the patients, their relatives and society as a whole. The Second East European Congress of Psychiatry will be held in Moscow, Russia in 2009 under the leadership of Prof. Valery Krasnov, with the collaboration of Prof. Yuri Savenko.
Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms
Authors: J B Thorlund, C B Juhl, E M Roos, LS Lohmander
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

To determine benefits and harms of arthroscopic knee surgery involving partial meniscectomy, debridement, or both for middle aged or older patients with knee pain and degenerative knee disease.
Inhibition of Mortality and Induction of Immunity to Friend Disease by Lectin-Treated Virus2
Authors: P. B. Dent
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Inhibition of Mortality and Induction of Immunity to Friend Disease by Lectin-Treated Virus Get access P. B. Dent, M.D. P. B. Dent, M.D. Department of Pediatrics and Division of Immunology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 511–513, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.511 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 15 September 1972 Accepted: 13 October 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
Study of the performances of a new spacer in adult mechanical ventilation
Authors: Nabile Boukhettala, Thierry Porée, Patrice Diot, Laurent Vecellio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a new spacer called Combihaler (Protec’som, France) to improve drugs delivery either from nebulizer or pMDI.  Methods: To assess the Combihaler chamber in clinical conditions, assembly includes a respirator (Volume controlled, Vc = 450mL, f = 15/min, PEEP = 6, P max = 19, Ti / Ttot = 40/60) and a model of adult lung Dual TTL 5600i (Michigan Instruments). Ventilation parameters were measured with and without the new spacer. A filter was placed after the endotracheal tube to measure aerosol delivery. Amikacin (1g/8ml) was nebulized with an Aeroneb Solo (Aerogen, Ireland) and a T-piece or a Combihaler. Beclomethasone was delivered with a pMDI (250µg, Becotide, GlaxoSmithKline, France) and a T-piece (Allegiance Healthcare Corporation) or a Combihaler. Drug deposited on filter were assayed. Amikacin was measured with an electrochemical tracer and beclomethasone was measured by spectrophotometry.  Results: The use of the Combihaler didn’t change the ventilation parameters (p=0.82). The mass of amikacin deposited on the filter was higher with the Combihaler chamber compared with the Aerogen T-adapter (491.1±12.4 mg vs 142.8±4.1 mg, p  Conclusions: The Combihaler chamber doesn’t modified ventilator parameters and increases drug delivery by mesh nebulizer and pMDI.
Review of stage 1/2 non-resected NSCLC against international guidance
Authors: Andrew Wight, Rahul Sarkar, William Kent, Jo Gallagher, Martin Ledson, Martin Walshaw
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction

Although current guidelines indicate that the suitability of patients with stage 1/2 NSCLC for curative resection can be assessed by preoperative and predicted post-operative pulmonary function (PPO), risk stratification (e.g. thoracoscore), and CPET where appropriate, a number of patients do not benefit from this gold standard. We explored the reasons for this in our large lung cancer unit (75-80 surgical resections per year).

Method

All patients undergo a full MDT review regarding treatment options: we reviewed 92 consecutive cases (mean age 76 [range 57-94]; 45 male) with stage 1/2 NSCLC who did not have attempted curative surgery, noting the MDT discussions empowering this.

Results

Sixty three (68%) had significant co morbidities (mean thoracoscore 26.5%; 21 (33%) PS=1-2: mean thoracoscore 20.5% [10.9-34.5]).

Fourteen patients (15%) chose not to undertake surgical options, and a further 7 (8%) were inoperable for technical reasons (6 tumour location, 1 deteriorated following attempted chemotherapeutic down staging).

Eight patients had poor pulmonary function alone (mean FEV1: pre-op 57% and PPO 44%). DLCO was 34% and 26% respectively in 7 patients (remaining patient FEV1 0.6l (40% predicted) and poor exercise tolerance). One patient met the criteria for CPET but was not assessed, and 6/8 fell within the high risk surgical category

Discussion

Although one patient may have undergone more complete evaluation by the use of CPET, the remaining 91 benefited from a rigorous assessment of their operability based on current guidelines. This study illustrates the benefit of an MDT approach to assessing patients for this potentially life-saving treatment.
A Conductive Polymer Hydrogel Supports Cell Electrical Signaling and Improves Cardiac Function After Implantation into Myocardial Infarct
Authors: Anton Mihic, Zhi Cui, Jun Wu, Goran Vlacic, Yasuo Miyagi, Shu-Hong Li, Sun Lu, Hsing-Wen Sung, Richard D. Weisel, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Efficient cardiac function requires synchronous ventricular contraction. After myocardial infarction, the nonconductive nature of scar tissue contributes to ventricular dysfunction by electrically uncoupling viable cardiomyocytes in the infarct region. Injection of a conductive biomaterial polymer that restores impulse propagation could synchronize contraction and restore ventricular function by electrically connecting isolated cardiomyocytes to intact tissue, allowing them to contribute to global heart function.We created a conductive polymer by grafting pyrrole to the clinically tested biomaterial chitosan to create a polypyrrole (PPy)-chitosan hydrogel. Cyclic voltammetry showed that PPy-chitosan had semiconductive properties lacking in chitosan alone. PPy-chitosan did not reduce cell attachment, metabolism, or proliferation in vitro. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes plated on PPy-chitosan showed enhanced Ca(2+) signal conduction in comparison with chitosan alone. PPy-chitosan plating also improved electric coupling between skeletal muscles placed 25 mm apart in comparison with chitosan alone, demonstrating that PPy-chitosan can electrically connect contracting cells at a distance. In rats, injection of PPy-chitosan 1 week after myocardial infarction decreased the QRS interval and increased the transverse activation velocity in comparison with saline or chitosan, suggesting improved electric conduction. Optical mapping showed increased activation in the border zone of PPy-chitosan-treated rats. Echocardiography and pressure-volume analysis showed improvement in load-dependent (ejection fraction, fractional shortening) and load-independent (preload recruitable stroke work) indices of heart function 8 weeks after injection.We synthesized a biocompatible conductive biomaterial (PPy-chitosan) that enhances biological conduction in vitro and in vivo. Injection of PPy-chitosan better maintained heart function after myocardial infarction than a nonconductive polymer.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INSULIN TECHNIQUE IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISEASES
Authors: PHILLIP POLATIN, HYMAN SPOTNITZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. A group of 33 patients with mental diseases of whom 24 had schizophrenia, was treated with insulin intravenously. Twenty-three patients were treated with the intravenous injection of unmodified insulin and 10 patients with the intravenous injection of a solution of zinc-insulin crystals. Definite improvement was observed in 14 patients so treated. Of these, 4 patients relapsed within a period of two years following cessation of therapy. 2. A solution of zinc-insulin crystals intravenously is recommended for use when patients are allergic to unmodified insulin; otherwise more favorable effects were obtained with the unmodified insulin. 3. The intravenous method of insulin treatment has the advantage of producing comparatively rapid improvement in patients with mental disorders and requires less time daily for the period of therapy. 4. A tendency to relapse was less marked when the patients were treated with intensive psychotherapy or when they were discharged to a favorable external environment. 5. It is believed that intravenous insulin shock technique is the method of choice in the treatment of patients whose psychoses have developed acutely and are of short duration.
Contact Transmission of Avian Leukosis Virus2
Authors: K. G. Weyl, R. M. Dougherty
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Contact Transmission of Avian Leukosis Virus Get access K. G. Weyl, K. G. Weyl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. M. Dougherty R. M. Dougherty Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 1019–1025, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.4.1019 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 15 June 1976 Accepted: 20 September 1976 Published: 01 April 1977