tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for prostate cancer
Authors: Gerald L Andriole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

PSA testing should be tailored to individual risk

Screening based on prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurement has contributed to a dramatic increase in the number of prostate cancer cases diagnosed. In addition, most tumours are now smaller and clinically localised at diagnosis, whereas before the introduction of screening, tumours were often clinically advanced or overtly metastatic at diagnosis. However, the effects of screening on overall mortality and mortality from prostate cancer were unclear and variable in two large randomised trials.1 2 The American PLCO study found no benefit on mortality, whereas the European ERSPC trial showed a 20% reduction in prostate cancer specific mortality after 10 years in men who underwent PSA based screening.

In the linked systematic review and meta-analysis (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4543), Djulbegovic and colleagues comprehensively assessed the effects of screening for prostate cancer. The analysis of six randomised controlled trials, including the PLCO and ERSPC studies, found that screening increased the probability of being diagnosed with prostate cancer (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.77) but had no significant effect on mortality from prostate cancer (0.88, 0.71 to 1.09) or overall mortality (0.99, 0.97 to …
Double Jeopardy
Authors: Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Mona Saint, Sanjay Saint, Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 36-year-old woman in her 34th week of pregnancy presented to the emergency department after the sudden onset of severe substernal chest pain that had awoken her in the early morning. She had diaphoresis and nausea but no dyspnea, dizziness, syncope, hemoptysis, cough, or fever.
Abstract P021: Parathyroid Hormone and the Risk of Incident Hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)
Authors: Lu Yao, Aaron Folsom, Weihong Tang, Erin Michos, James Pankow, Elizabeth Selvin, Alvaro Alonso, Pamela Lutsey
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Recent evidence suggests that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, the renin-angiotensin system and kidney function. Thus, PTH levels may alter blood pressure. The distribution of serum PTH also varies by race. We examined the relation between PTH and incident hypertension, and explored race-specific associations. Methods: A total of 7,504 ARIC study participants (1,264 Black, 6,240 White, median age 56) without hypertension at baseline in 1990-1992 were followed through 1996-1998. Incident hypertension was defined during the follow-up exams by elevated measured blood pressure (DBP≥ 90 mm Hg, or SBP≥140 mm Hg, based on the average of 2 measurements) and/or use of hypertension medications. Complementary log-log regression was used to evaluate the independent association of baseline serum PTH with incident hypertension. Results: The median level of PTH was 38.2 pg/mL overall, 37.4 pg/mL in whites, and 42.7 pg/mL in blacks. During a median follow-up of 6 years, 1...
Abstract 345: Direct Ultrasound-Based Quantification of Bleeding from a Junctional Femoral Artery Wound During Fluid Resuscitation
Authors: Nathan White, Diana Chien, Xu Wang, Esther Lim, Alex St. John, Andrew Kirkpatrick, Jessica McKee, Susan Stern
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Hypotensive resuscitation is a strategy to reduce blood loss after injury even though associations between blood pressure and bleeding remain poorly understood. We used ultrasound to quantify bleeding during fluid resuscitation in a pilot study using a swine bleeding model. We hypothesized that bleeding is associated with central hemodynamics and clot formation during fluid resuscitation.

Methods: Immature swine (N=8) were anesthetized and hemorrhagic shock was induced by bleeding from a 5mm femoral arteriotomy. A wound sealing device (iTClamp™) was applied to the wound, sealing the skin. A 15ml/kg bolus of 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution was infused followed by Lactated Ringers to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP)=60mmHg for up to 3 hours. Hemodynamic and thrombelastographic (TEG) measurements were made. Bleeding was measured using Doppler ultrasound to identify a pulsatile jet of blood within the wound hematoma and mean wound bleeding velocity (WBV) in cm/sec was calculated.

Results: Survival was 50% (4/8), and mean blood loss was 34ml/kg in survivors vs. 44ml/kg in nonsurvivors (T test, p<0.001). WBV was significantly and positively associated with MAP (R=0.34, p=0.016) and cardiac output (R=0.43, p=0.002) and WBV tended to be increased in survivors (88 cm/sec vs. nonsurvivors (72cm/sec, p=0.07). The association between MAP and WBV could be impacted by clot strength only when MAP was hypotensive (<50mmHg) (ANOVA interaction effect p=0.004). Maintenance of a contained high-velocity bleeding pocket within a clot-based pseudo aneurysm was seen as a possible mechanism governing the associations between MAP, clot strength, and WBV.

Conclusion: This pilot study supports a hypotensive resuscitation strategy to reduce junctional arterial bleeding. Normotensive conditions may reduce the effects of clot-enhancing hemostatic therapy during fluid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhage.

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Study of the MAGE family in carcinogenesis and clinical application of human colorectal cancer.
Authors: Cheng Chia-Ho, Ming-Je Yang, Jaw-Yuan Wang, Shiu-Ru Lin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

B4    Background  :  Melanoma antigens (MAGE) are a group of potential genes to be researched and they also have tissue specific expression. We purpose to find new molecule markers for the clinical applicability in MAGE Family and explore the molecule mechanism and bio-pathway in the carcinogenicity of the colorectal cancer.    Methods  : We  collected 100 patients with colorectal cancer and their tumor-free colon tissues. Extracted total RNA from CRC pair-tissue, then synthesized to cDNA. Following, used the membrane-array operational technology to analyze the expression profile of the MAGE family genes patients with colorectal cancer and their normal tissues. Finally, we used the immunohistochemical staining to investigate the regularity of the protein’s amount and analyze the clinicalpathologic features of the patients with the overexpressed MAGE genes for further statistical analysis.   Results  : We found the 9 genes have high over-expressed percentage of MAGE family in the colorectal cancer. The analysis of clinicalpathology with MAGE family, we found MAGE-B10 is expressed in late stage(III & IV)of CRC (p=0.045), MAGE-C3 is expressed when tumor size below 5 cm(p=0.027). Interestingly, MAGE-A10 had a contrary performance to MAGE-C3.   Conclusion: This result suggested that MAGE genes, especially MAGE-A2 and MAGE-F1, do express in CRC. All CRC patients in this result express at least one of the MAGE genes. MAGE-D4 is not expressed in CRC or normal tissue. MAGE-B10 and MAGE-C3 may associate with carcinogenesis and cell proliferation.
Abstract 18211: Can Salvage Takedown of Cavopulmonary Connection Act as a Bridge to Subsequent Palliation?
Authors: Jiaquan Zhu, Devin Chetan, Arezou Saedi, John G Coles, Christopher A Caldarone, Glen S Van Arsdell, Osami Honjo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) and Fontan takedown are needed occasionally in failing single-ventricle palliation. We sought to analyze the outcomes of salvage takedown focusing on physiologic tolerance and subsequent clinical outcomes. Methods: Twenty-four patients who underwent BCPS or Fontan takedown procedures from 1986 to 2013 were reviewed. Physiologic tolerance was defined as bridge to subsequent re-BCPS or re-Fontan, transplantation, and palliation suitable for future transplantation. Outcomes were compared using competing risk and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Nine (38%) patients underwent BCPS takedown [8 (89%) after 2000] and 15 (62%) patients underwent Fontan takedown [2 (13%) after 2000]. Nineteen (79%) patients had acute takedown (<1 month). The indications for BCPS takedown included hypoxia (n=7) and superior vena cava syndrome (n=2). Fontan takedown was due to low cardiac output (n=7), high Fontan pressure (n=5), cyanosis (n=1), persistent drainage (n=1), and protei...
Phase II trial of gemcitabine and irinotecan plus celecoxib in advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: S. Kerr, C. Campbell, K. Legore, L. Witters, H. Harvey, A. Lipton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4155 Background: Over expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme has been reported in 90% of patients (pts) with pancreatic cancer. COX-2 derived prostaglandins contribute to tumor growth through angiogenesis and COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to arrest the growth of pancreatic cell lines in vitro. Gemcitabine (Gem) and irinotecan (I) is an active regimen in pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of Gem + I + celecoxib in advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Study eligibility included chemotherapy naïve pts with locally advanced inoperable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, measurable disease, and performance status 0–2. Tumor response was assessed by RECIST criteria with CT imaging every 3 cycles. CEA, CA 19–9, pain assessment and QOL assessment with the FACT-pa were performed with each cycle. Patients received Gem 1000mg/m2 and I 100mg/m2 days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. Celecoxib was given at a dose of 400mg BID throughout the entire study. Toxicity was graded according to the NCI common toxicity criteria. Results: A total of 20 pts (median age 57) were enrolled of which 17 (8 local, 9 metastatic) were evaluable for response and 18 for toxicity. The most common Grade 3/4 toxicities included 9 neutropenia (50%), 7 anemia (39%), 3 diarrhea (17%), 3 fatigue (17%), 2 nausea (11%), 1 edema (6%), 1 thrombocytopenia (6%) and 1 UGI bleed (6%). There was one treatment related death due to neutropenic sepsis. To date there have been 3 PR (18%), 12 SD (70%), and 2 PD (12%). 9/13 pts (69%) who reported pain prior to beginning treatment had a significant improvement. A marked decrease in elevated baseline CA 19–9 and CEA was observed in 12/14 and 8/10 pts respectively. 13 pts (76%) reported an improvement in quality of life. The overall median TTP was 8 months (m) (10.5 m for local, 6 m for metastatic). Median OS was 13 m (>16 m for local, 9 m for metastatic) with a 1 year OS of 64%. 31% of the pts are approaching a two year survival. Conclusion: Gem + I + celecoxib is an active regimen with both objective responses and clinical benefit demonstrated by improvement in pain and quality of life, reduction in tumor markers, and a 1 year OS of 64%. Toxicities are manageable and include neutropenia, anemia, and diarrhea. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 402: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apoptosis induction in melanoma cells through histones modification by 3-deazaneplanocin A
Authors: Ryo Tanaka, Nicholas Donovan, Qiang Yu, Reiko Irie, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is cytokine, which influences the tumor microenvironment. While melanoma is known to express variable levels of TNFα, its regulation is not well understood. The objective of the study was to investigate the epigenetic regulation of TNFα in melanoma cells. Melanoma cell lines were treated with 3-Deazaneplanocin A(DZNep), an inhibitor of polycomb-repressive complex 2(PRC2), and analyzed for its effect on the cell viability assay and apoptosis assay. PRC2 and histones H3K27me3, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac activity were assessed pre- and post-DZNep by Western blot on cell lines and tumors. ChIP-qPCR array, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and PCR array analysis of melanoma lines treated with DZNep. DZNep could induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, and up-regulate TNFα expression. Specific histones were associated with the upregulation of TNFα expression by ChIP-qPCR array. The repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, as well as the active histone marks, H3K4me2 and H3K9ac, were correlated with the regulation of TNFα expression. We demonstrated that DZNep can activate TNFα expression in melanoma through histone modification. These findings suggest that epigenetic agents targeting PRC2 can activate TNFα in melanoma cells. The DNA methylation, H3K27me3, H3K4me2, and H3K9ac modification, contribute to TNFα regulation. Citation Format: Ryo Tanaka, Nicholas Donovan, Qiang Yu, Reiko Irie, Dave S.B. Hoon. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apoptosis induction in melanoma cells through histones modification by 3-deazaneplanocin A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-402
Left Ventricular Remodeling With Carvedilol in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Due to Ischemic Heart Disease fn1fn1This study was funded by a grant from SmithKline Beecham; however, the study was initiated, conducted, analyzed and reported by the Australia–New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group independently of the sponsor. The Clinical Trials Research Unit is supported by a programme grant from the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
Authors: Robert N. Doughty, Gillian A. Whalley, Greg Gamble, Stephen MacMahon, Norman Sharpe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Respiratory Illness in Children.
Authors: Peter D. Phelan, Louis I. Landau, Anthony Olinsky, Howard E Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

1: Lung Growth and Development . 2: Neonatal Respiratory Disorders . 3: Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections . 4: Clinical Patterns of Acute Respiratory Infection . 5: Respiratory Noises . 6: Asthma - Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology . 7: Asthma - Clinical Patterns and Management . 8: Cough . 9: Suppurative Lung Disease . 10: Cystic Fibrosis . 11: Pulmonary Complications of Inhalation . 12: Tuberculosis in Childhood . 13: Lung Defences and Infection in the Compromised Host . 14: The Lung and HIV Infection . 15: Miscellaneous Lung Diseases . 16: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea . 17: Congenital Malformations of the Bronchi, Lungs, Diaphragm and Rib Cage . 18: Tumours of the Chest Wall, Mediastinum and Lungs . Appendix . Index
European Association of Urology Guidelines on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: 2015 Update
Authors: Morgan Rouprêt, Marko Babjuk, Eva Compérat, Richard Zigeuner, Richard J. Sylvester, Maximilian Burger, Nigel C. Cowan, Andreas Böhle, Bas W.G. Van Rhijn, Eero Kaasinen, Joan Palou, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Altitude and O_2 Therapy
Authors: ALVAN L. BARACH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 March 1971Altitude and O2 TherapyALVAN L. BARACH, M.D.ALVAN L. BARACH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-3-449_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In reference to the correspondence on altitude and O2therapy in chronic lung disease in the ANNALS(73:659, 1970), since 1938 I have observed prolongation of life as a result of residence in oxygen chambers (1). A patient who had a chamber in her town house, as well as one in the country, lived comfortably, without shortness of breath, for more than 2 years at a concentration of 50% to 60% oxygen. One day when she was taken out on her customary excursion to the end of the flower garden nursery, the portable oxygen cylinder became empty,...References1. BARACH A: Physiologic methods in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and emphysema. Ann Intern Med 12:454-481, 1938 LinkGoogle Scholar2. CULLEN T, COMROE J, and BROWN E: Problems in ventilation. Anesthesiology 15:434, 1955 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALVAN L. BARACH, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1971Volume 74, Issue 3 Page: 449-449 Keywords Attention Dyspnea Lungs Oxygen ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Excitatory transmission at thalamo-striatal synapses mediates susceptibility to social stress
Authors: Daniel J Christoffel, Sam A Golden, Jessica J Walsh, Kevin G Guise, Mitra Heshmati, Allyson K Friedman, Aditi Dey, Milo Smith, Nicole Rebusi, Madeline Pfau, Jessica L Ables, Hossein Aleyasin, Lena A Khibnik, Georgia E Hodes, Gabriel A Ben-Dor, Karl Deisseroth, Matthew L Shapiro, Robert C Malenka, Ines Ibanez-Tallon, Ming-Hu Han, Scott J Russo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
The Effect of Estradiol and Cortisol on the Transplantability and Subsequent Fate of Normal, Hyperplastic, and Tumorous Mammary Tissue of C3H Mice
Authors: L. J. Faulkin, K. B. DeOme
Journal: Cancer Research (1958)

Summary  Fragments of normal mammary gland, individual hyperplastic alveolar nodules, and portions of tumors were isolated from donor C3H/He CRGL mice and transplanted to an area free of mammary tissue in young virgin female hosts of the same strain. Each group of three transplants was taken from a single donor and transplanted into a single host. Inasmuch as the recovery rate after periods of 2, 4, and 12 weeks was greater than 85 per cent, this method provides a practical means of studying changes in the mammary gland.  Cortisol stimulated increased secretion in the nodules and in some tumors. Estradiol resulted in an increase in connective tissue in normal and nodule transplants.  A few of the transplanted portions of the normal mammary gland became nodules, and some of the transplanted nodules appeared to have reverted to normal mammary tissue. Within the 12-week limit of this experiment only one of a total of 127 nodules transplants showed any evidence of possible neoplastic change.
Effect of NHS and Community Care Act Problem with interpretation
Authors: C Cooper, P Crome, P Lewis, N Vetter, R Dunn, C H McAlpine, J Rein, J P Milnes, I Smith, P M Easton, J B Oliphant
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We believe that the simple approach and methodology of Peter A Lewis and colleagues' study fail to recognise the complexity of the changes brought about by the NHS and Community Care Act 1990.1 With the support of the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, we are undertaking a detailed comparison of the discharges from five elderly care units in South East Tha mes region for the first six months of 1992 and 1994. Our preliminary findings lead us to suggest that the paper does not take account of several issues.

Period of data collection - In many districts it took a few months for the new systems to be fully operational. Therefore changes in the numbers of patients going to institutions or in their lengths of stay in hospital might not be apparent from information collected in the first few months after the introduction of the act.

Changes in procedures brought about by the act - The paper fails to discuss the changes in hospital and social work procedures that occurred on 1 April 1993. The impact of the act was different in different districts, depending on, for example, the previous style of administration in social services, the type of community services provided before the introduction of the act, and the availability and range of places in institutions.

Other NHS changes - Any other changes in the operational policies of the department are not discussed. In our region changes in catchment areas and admission and other NHS trust policies have occurred in some districts, which affected the process of discharge from hospital.

Placements not arranged by the local authority - In one district in our study all …
259. In Vivo Suicide Gene Therapy of Human T Lymphocytes in a Murine Xenograft Model
Authors: Vilia Tourkova, Michael Doubrovin, Malgorzata Dabrowska, Jelena Vider, Shangive Cai, Ronald Finn, Juri Gelovani Tjuvajev, Vladimir Ponomarev
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Objective. The studies of NK cell based therapies often have to address the question of the NK cells trafficking, homing, tumor targeting and therapeutic effect. We tested feasibility of applying a multi-modality imaging approach for assessment of therapeutic NK-92 cells trafficking and tumor targeting in mice model.
Early intervention in psychosis in developing coun‐tries: evidence and action
Authors: SAEED FAROOQ, MATTHEW LARGE, OLAW NIELSSEN
Journal: World Psychiatry (2009)

In the recent forum on early intervention for psychosis in World Psychiatry 1, Ndetei highlights the lack of progress in bringing about early intervention in psychosis in Africa, where more than 50% of the population is under the age of 25 2. Ndetei also points out that almost all the research about early intervention is conducted in developed countries. In our recent review of the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in low and middle income (LAMI) countries, we employed exhaustive search strategies, but were only able to locate data from 18 of over 150 LAMI and only 3 of over 50 African countries 3. The low priority given to mental health in LAMI countries 4,8 and the widely accepted but controversial notion that schizophrenia carries a better prognosis in developing countries might have hindered the development of services for psychosis. We found that the average mean DUP in studies from LAMI countries was 125.0 weeks compared with 63.4 weeks in studies from high-income countries (p=0.012). Using the data on gross domestic product (GDP), we demonstrated that within the studies from LAMI countries, mean DUP fell by 6 weeks for every $1000 of GDP purchasing power parity. In a related paper, we reviewed the studies from LAMI countries that investigated an association between DUP and at least one of the following outcome measures: psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, social disability or mortality. The DUP in LAMI countries was significantly associated with higher ratings of positive symptoms and social disability, a finding similar to that reported in high-income countries 9. In addition, two studies 10,11 suggest a strong association between DUP and subsequent mortality from physical illness. The "good prognosis" hypothesis seems less tenable when the high prevalence of partially and never treated cases of psychosis in developing countries and the long DUP for those who do receive treatment is taken into consideration. The adverse consequences of long DUP, and the increased morbidity and mortality from infections and malnutrition among those with mental illness, confirm the need for a vigorous approach to early intervention in developing countries. This approach, however, needs to take social and economic realities of developing countries into account. One of the interventions could be to pro-vide antipsychotic treatment free of cost at least for the initial two years, the "critical period" in the course of schizophrenia, as the cost of the drugs appears to be the main barrier to access the treatment. This could be under the supervision of a close relative who is trained to supervise and monitor the patient medication, with the patient's consent 12. The development of early intervention in psychosis services in LAMI countries faces formidable obstacles. However, the seri-ously mentally ill in LAMI regions are among the most disadvantaged people on earth. Making treatment available is a moral neces-sity and providing early treatment is likely to be cost-effective.