tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical aspects of chronic use of alprazolam and lorazepam
Authors: M Romach, U Busto, G Somer, H L Kaplan, E Sellers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' goal was to determine the clinical characteristics of persistent users of alprazolam or lorazepam who wished to discontinue their medication.Long-term users (daily use for more than 3 months) of alprazolam (N = 34) or lorazepam (N = 97) who entered an outpatient treatment program for discontinuation of benzodiazepines were carefully assessed. Detailed histories of benzodiazepine use were obtained; a structured interview was used to make psychiatric diagnoses based on DSM-III-R criteria.The majority of patients were using low therapeutic doses of medication (lorazepam: mean = 2.7 mg/day; alprazolam: mean = 1.2 mg/day) and had either maintained their initial daily dose over time or decreased it. Individuals tended to shift their use of medication from an as-prescribed to an as-needed pattern. Forty-seven percent of the patients were diagnosed with at least one current anxiety disorder, most commonly generalized anxiety. At least one diagnosable personality disorder was found in 45% of the patients, most commonly obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Patterns of benzodiazepine use were influenced by age, gender, and past history of alcohol dependence.Long-term users of alprazolam/lorazepam seeking treatment for discontinuation had clinically important past and current psychiatric histories. They used a constant or decreasing dose of medication and made attempts to stop their use. Persistent use of alprazolam/lorazepam for therapeutic purposes did not represent abuse or addiction as the terms are usually understood. A substantial proportion of these patients may be receiving appropriate maintenance therapy for a chronic psychiatric condition.
The influence of drug interval on the effect of methotrexate and fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
Authors: J C Marsh, J R Bertino, K H Katz, C A Davis, H J Durivage, L S Rome, F Richards, R L Capizzi, L R Farber, D N Pasquale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The importance of the interval between methotrexate (MTX) and fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied in 168 patients with previously untreated, measurable, advanced colorectal cancer. They were randomized to receive MTX 200 mg/m2, followed by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 either 24 hours (arm A) or 1 hour (arm B) after MTX. All patients received leucovorin (LV) 24 hours after MTX, 10 mg/m2 orally every 6 hours for six doses. The regimen was repeated every 2 weeks, with 5-FU escalation as tolerated. Arm A was significantly better than arm B with respect to overall response rate (29% v 14.5%, P = .026), time to progression (TTP; median, 9.9 months v 5.9 months, P = .009), and survival (median, 15.3 months v 11.4 months, P = .003). Significant differences between arms were not found in response rate, median TTP, or median survival for the subgroup of patients with rectal primaries who comprised 20% of the patients in each arm. Significant factors prognostic for survival were performance status and number of metastases, as well as treatment. Age did not influence survival. Toxicity was similar in both arms and was primarily gastrointestinal. More mucositis was seen in arm A. There were four toxic deaths secondary to neutropenia and infection (one from arm A and three from arm B) and three other deaths (two from arm A and one from arm B) that were possibly drug-related. The combination of MTX with LV rescue and 5-FU is an active regimen in advanced colorectal cancer; its efficacy is increased in colon, but not rectal cancer, when the interval between MTX and 5-FU is long (24 hours) rather than short (1 hour).
Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants
Authors: Ketevan Nemsadze, Ivane Chkhaidze, Nino Kiknadze
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of the study was to verify effects of nebulized hypertonic 3% saline in comparison to normal saline in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis.  MATERIALS AND METHODS:  Forty two infants from 2 months to 2 years old with mild to moderate bronchiolitis were studied. Infants were randomly assigned either to receive every 6 hours 3% hypertonic saline (group I) or normal saline (group II) in addition to conventional treatment. All clinical evaluations of the patients were obtained administering a score (Bronchiolitis Clinical Score - BCS), to quantify both severity of illness and response to treatment. The length of stay (LOS) in hospital also was measured and the change in oxygen saturation was also determined.  RESULTS:  The 2 study groups had similar baseline characteristics. Patients presented a significant decrease in BCS from the first through the third day of treatment, but improvement was more evident in the first group (p=0.0001). Comparison between group I and II data shows significant decrease in BCS in the 3% hypertonic saline-treated patients both at the second and at the third day of treatment (p  CONCLUSIONS:  Our results suggests that in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis nebulized 3% saline to compare with normal saline may significantly improve the clinical severity score, but does not affect the length of hospital stay.
Mountain Clinic in Honduras
Authors: Will Bemben
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of 7,8-Benzoflavone on Skin Tumor-Initiating Activities of Various 7- and 12-Substituted Derivatives of 7,12-Dimenthylbenz[a]anthracene in Mice2
Authors: J. DiGiovanni, T. J. Slaga, A. Viaje, D. L. Berry, R. G. Harvey, M. R. Juchau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The skin tumor-initiating activities of various 7- and 12-substituted derivatives of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were investigated in female outbred Charles River CD-1 mice. 7-Formyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-CHO-12-MBA) at 740 nmoles/mouse was an effective tumor initiator, at a dose 74-fold greater than that of DMBA. 7,8-Benzoflavone (7,8-BF) inhibited the tumor-initiating activity of 7-CHO-12-MBA by 51%. 12-Formyl-7-methylbenztalanthracene and 7,12-diformylbenz[a]anthracene, applied at initiating doses of 740 nmoles and 704 nmoles/mouse, respectively, were much less active than 7-CHO-12-MBA. 7-Bromomethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-BRME-12-MBA) and 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene (7-BRMEBA) were also investigated. 7-BRME-12-MBA was a more effective tumor initiator than 7-BRMEBA, but both were less active than DMBA. 7,8-BF inhibited the tumor-initiating activity of 7-BRME-12-MBA and 7-BRMEBA by 34 and 54%, respectively. 12-Bromomethyl-7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (12-BRME-7-MBA) was as active an initiator as 7-BRME-12-MBA. 7,8-BF inhibited tumor initiation with 12-BRME-7-MBA by 29%. Three naturally occurring flavones, quercetin, myricetin, and 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavonone, and the cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-benzylimidazole were investigated after topical application (100 μ9) for their effects on tumor initiation with DMBA. Quercetin inhibited tumor initiation with DMBA by 22%, whereas myricetin and 4,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone enhanced tumor initiation with DMBA by 54 and 29%, respectively. 1-Benzylimidazole had no effect. The abilities of the flavones and 1-benzylimidazole to inhibit aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in vitro did not correlate with their effects on tumor initiation with DMBA.
Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: successful treatment with recombinant interleukin-2
Authors: M. Setoyama, H. Shimada, N. Miyazono, Y. Baba, T. Kanzaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: successful treatment with recombinant interleukin‐2 Get access M. Setoyama, M. Setoyama Department of Dermatology and *Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: setoyama@med5.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Shimada, H. Shimada Department of Dermatology and *Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: setoyama@med5.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Miyazono, N. Miyazono Department of Dermatology and *Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: setoyama@med5.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Baba, Y. Baba Department of Dermatology and *Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: setoyama@med5.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kanzaki T. Kanzaki Department of Dermatology and *Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: setoyama@med5.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 6, 1 June 2000, Pages 1238–1239, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03559.x Published: 01 June 2000
Multiple trigger and episodic viral wheeze in early childhood: Are these phenotypes stable over time?
Authors: Ben D. Spycher, Jonathan A.C. Sterne, Raquel Granell, Michael Silverman, Aniña M. Pescatore, Erol E. Gaillard, John Henderson, Claudie E. Kuehni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim   In young children with wheeze it is common to distinguish between those who wheeze only during respiratory tract infections (episodic viral wheeze, EVW) and those who also wheeze due to other factors (multiple trigger wheeze, MTW). The stability of this classification has recently been questioned. In two population based cohort studies, we compared the prevalence and stability of these phenotypes in early childhood.   Methods   We included 14062 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and 4300 from the Leicester Respiratory Cohorts (LRC). Mothers received postal questionnaires including questions on wheeze and triggers of episodes in past 12 months when children were aged 2, 4 and 6yrs.   Results   Between ages 2 and 6yrs, prevalence of current wheeze decreased from 18 to 10% in ALSPAC and from 23 to 16% in LRC. Among children with wheeze the proportion of those with MTW as opposed to EVW increased from 55% (both cohorts) to 70% (ALSPAC) and 74% (LRC). Among children with EVW who wheezed again 2yrs later, a considerable proportion were reclassified as MTW in both cohorts (Tables). There was less reclassification from MTW to EVW.   Conclusion   The phenotypes EVW and MTW show limited stability through early childhood suggesting that triggers of wheeze alone are not sufficient to distinguish underlying disease processes, or that the disease processes change in some children throughout this period.   Funding   BDS is recipient of a ERS/Marie Curie Joint Research Fellowship (MC 1614-2010).
New-immigrant screening for latent tuberculosis infection: Reasons for non-treatment
Authors: Alison Gill, Kate Williams, Timothy Collyns, John Watson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction 

New immigrant screening is vital for diagnosis of active and latent TB infection (LTBI), enabling treatment and chemoprophylaxis, and reducing risk of transmisison. Since 2007, we have used QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT), an Interferon Gamma Release Assay, in new immigrant screening. We are aware that a proportion of patients with positive results do not receive chemoprophylaxis, though reasons for this have not previously been explored.

Aims 

We aimed to examine the reasons for non-treatment in screening recipients with positive QFT, to identify features that would enable us to effectively target this test.

Methods 

We reviewed all positive QFT results in new immigrant screening recipients between 2007 and 2012, and examined patient records to establish reasons for non-treatment.

Results 

2884 QFT results were identified between 2007 and 2012, of which 684 (23.7%) were positive. Of the positive results, 12 patients (1.8%) were diagnosed with active TB through screening, and 672 (98.2%) were diagnosed with LTBI.

Of the LTBI patients, 416 (61.9%) received chemoprophylaxis. The majority (74.3%) of those not treated were aged over 35, in keeping with guidelines. Over 8% were lost to follow-up; 5.4% declined treatment due to pregnancy or breastfeeding, and a similar number declined with no specific reason given.

Conclusion 

The most common reason for non-treatment was age, in keeping with national guidelines. However a significant proportion declined or did not receive chemoprophylaxis due to patient mobility, pregnancy and loss to follow-up. Education about TB and LTBI is crucial during the screening process to improve patient engagement and reduce loss to follow-up.
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia: Clinical Features, Complications, and Management
Authors: Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Panayiotis Panayiotidis, Lia A. Moulopoulos, Petros Sfikakis, Marinos Dalakas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To review the clinical features, complications, and treatment of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, a low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder that produces monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) M.A review of published reports was facilitated by the use of a MEDLINE computer search and by manual search of the Index Medicus.The clinical manifestations associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia can be classified according to those related to direct tumor infiltration, to the amount and specific properties of circulating IgM, and to the deposition of IgM in various tissues. Asymptomatic patients should be followed without treatment. For symptomatic patients, standard treatment consists primarily of oral chlorambucil; nucleoside analogs, such as fludarabine and cladribine, are effective in one third of previously treated patients and in up to 80% of previously untreated patients. Preliminary evidence suggests that anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody may be active in about 30% of previously treated patients and that high-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell rescue is effective in most patients, including some with resistance to nucleoside analogs.Waldenström's macroglobulinemia has a wide clinical spectrum that practicing physicians need to recognize early to reach the correct diagnosis. When therapy is indicated, oral chlorambucil is the standard primary treatment, but cladribine or fludarabine can be used when a rapid cytoreduction is desirable. Prospective randomized trials are required to elucidate the impact of nucleoside analogs on patients' survival. A nucleoside analog is the treatment of choice for patients who have been previously treated with an alkylating agent.
Unifying Concept of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Incontinence
Authors: M Swash, M M Henry, S J Snooks
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Denervation of pelvic floor sphincter muscles is a feature of pelvic floor disorders. When severe, it may be accompanied by stress incontinence of faeces, or of urine. The extent of chronic partial denervation of these pelvic floor muscles can be quantified by electromyography (EMG), and its cause identified by electrophysiological studies of the motor innervation of these striated muscles. Damage to this innervation is often initiated by childbirth, but appears to progress during a period of many years so that the functional disorder usually presents in middle life. Incontinence develops in some patients, but not in others. This can be predicted by the severity of the abnormalities found in EMG studies of the pelvic sphincter musculature and motor latency studies of its innervation. The results of such investigations in the six common types of pelvic floor disorder are presented. Recognition of the causative factors leading to damage to the innervation of the pelvic sphincter muscles implies new approaches to treatment and to prevention of pelvic floor disorders and incontinence.
Spread of old and new clones of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Poland
Authors: Stephen Murchan, Krzysztof Trzciñski, Anna Skoczyñska, Willem Van Leeuwen, Alex Van Belkum, Slawomir Pietuszko, Tadeusz Gadomski, Waleria Hryniewicz
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1998)
Neurobehavioral Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Glioma Patients
Authors: Martin Klein, Martin J.B . Taphoorn, Jan J. Heimans, Henk M. van der Ploeg, W. Peter Vandertop, Egbert F. Smit, Sieger Leenstra, Cees A.F. Tulleken, Willem Boogerd, José S.A. Belderbos, Wilmy Cleijne, Neil K. Aaronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive functioning of high-grade glioma patients in the postneurosurgical period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The HRQOL, as assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey-36, tumor-specific symptoms, and objective and subjective neuropsychologic functioning, of 68 newly diagnosed glioma patients were compared with that of 50 patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The association between tumor lateralization, extent of resection, and use of medication, and the HRQOL outcomes was also investigated. RESULTS: The HRQOL of the two patient groups was similar but significantly lower than that of the healthy controls. Glioma patients reported significantly more neurologic symptoms and poorer objective and subjective neuropsychologic functioning than the NSCLC patients. Using healthy controls as the reference group, cognitive impairment assessed at the individual patient level was observed in all glioma patients and 52% of the NSCLC patients. Poor performance on timed tasks in the glioma group could be attributed, in large part, to visual and motor deficits. Tumor lateralization was found to affect neuropsychologic functioning in a predictable manner. The extent of resection was not related significantly to neuropsychologic functioning. Corticosteroid use was associated with better recognition memory, whereas antiepileptic drug use was correlated negatively with working memory capacity. CONCLUSION: The general HRQOL of glioma patients is similar to that of patients with NSCLC. However, they suffer from a number of condition-specific neurologic and neuropsychologic problems that have a significant impact on their daily lives in the postsurgical period, before treatment with radiotherapy.
Thromboembolic Events in French Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients Hospitalized in 2011 and 2012: Incidence and Costs
Authors: F. Scotte, A. Vainchtock, I. Borget, N. Martelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

ABSTRACT   Aim: Venous thromboembolic event (VTE) is a common complication for cancer patients, leading to hospitalizations that increase the burden of cancer management. We evaluated the incidence and costs of VTE-related hospitalizations for patients with breast cancer (BC) or prostate cancer (PC), two of the most frequent cancers in France.  Methods: We used the French national hospital database (PMSI) to select new patients with BC or PC in 2010, who had at least one VTE-related hospitalization during the following two years. VTE-related stays and patients were identified using the disease-specific ICD-10 codes. Hospital costs were estimated from the healthcare system perspective and included care, treatments, accommodation/investment costs and medical/technical procedures, using the French official tariffs.  Results: Among 107,916 new patients with BC or PC, 2,268 were hospitalized for a VTE, representing an overall of 2,814 admissions. VTE was classified as primary or related diagnosis (PD/RD) in 1,004 (36%) admissions. Among those PD/RD admissions, pulmonary embolism was the most frequent diagnosis as it led to 626 (62%) stays. Deep venous thrombosis was the second cause of hospitalization (248 admissions; 25% of PD/RD admissions). Re-hospitalisation for recurrence was frequent, as it occurred 546 cases (19.4%) of all VTE-related hospitalizations. For a patient who did not experience recurrence, the mean cost per patient was e3,302 and e3,611 for BC and PC patients respectively. But this annual amount was highly increased for patients with recurrent VTE, to e5,545 per BC patient and e5,692 per PC patient. Finally, VTE-related hospitalizations were responsible for an overall expenditure of e3.40 million over two years, including e335,000 due to recurrent events. Table: Mean annual VTE-related hospitalization cost per patient.         With one VTE only  With recurrent VTE      Annual cost per breast cancer patient  e3,302  e5,545    Annual cost per prostate cancer patient  e3,611  e5,692         Conclusions: In cancer patients, VTE-related hospitalizations remain frequent and induce an elevated cost. Adequate prophylaxis and management could be an efficient way to reduce the incidence of this common complication and its economic burden.  Disclosure: F. Scotte, I. Borget and N. Martelli: I have honoraria from Leo Pharma. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.