tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer in HIV infection: A case series
Authors: G. Jung, J. Chung, J. Shuter, R. Gucalp, R. Perez-Soler, S. Keller, M. Haigentz Jr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

19093 Background: Although not an AIDS-defining malignancy, lung cancer is seen in excess in HIV positive patient populations for unclear reasons. The clinical and pathological characteristics of this patient population is poorly understood. Methods: We present a retrospective case series of individuals with known HIV infection who were diagnosed with lung cancers at the Albert Einstein Cancer Center during the post-HAART era (1996–2007). Patients (pts) were identified by treating physicians. Results: A total of 40 individuals (23 M/17 F) with HIV infection and a pathological diagnosis of lung cancer (37 non-small cell/3 small cell) were identified; all but 3 pts were smokers. The median (range) age of pts at diagnosis was 51 (38–74), CD4 count was 213/μL (9–990), median HIV viral load was 422 copies/mL (<40–134,000); 29 pts (72%) had known history of HAART exposure. Of 37 pts with a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, 16 had adenocarcinoma, 7 had squamous pathology, 1 had large cell carcinoma; the pathological type was not specified/poorly differentiated in 13 pts. The stage at diagnosis was I in 7 pts (19%), II in 1 pt (3%), III in 8 pts (22%), and IV in 21 pts (57%). Six of 8 pts with early stage (I/II) disease had surgical intervention; the median (range) CD4 count of these pts at the time of surgery was 180/μL (23–341), and the survival of these pts was 120, 72, 54, 52, 33+ and 1+ months. The median survival of pts with stage III/IV disease was 5 months. Conclusions: This cohort of HIV-infected individuals diagnosed with lung cancer in the post-HAART era includes young smokers, both male and female, with a moderate degree of immunosuppression. Histopathological type and stage of cancer at presentation appear to be similar to immunocompetent individuals. While most pts present with advanced disease and have poor outcomes, survival of patients with early stage disease treated with surgical resection is high. The high frequency of HAART exposure and implied clinical contact with physicians prior to lung cancer diagnosis suggest opportunities for screening and tobacco cessation programs and to increase lung cancer awareness among physicians caring for HIV positive patient populations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dysferlin deletion in SJL mice (SJL-Dysf) defines a natural model for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B
Authors: Reginald E. Bittner, Louise V.B. Anderson, Elke Burkhardt, Rumaisa Bashir, Elizabeth Vafiadaki, Silva Ivanova, Thomas Raffelsberger, Isabel Maerk, Harald Höger, Martin Jung, Mohsen Karbasiyan, Maria Storch, Hans Lassmann, Jennifer A. Moss, Keith Davison, Ruth Harrison, Kate M.D. Bushby, André Reis
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Distribution of airway closure using single photon emission computerised tomography in the obese
Authors: Sriram Mahadev, Cheryl Salome, Gregory King
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Low functional residual volume (FRC) in obesity may increase airway closure above FRC. Scintigraphic studies in obese patients with low expiratory reserve volume, showed reduced basal ventilation potentially due to airway closure (AC). We used single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT-CT) to identify regional distribution of AC then related this to physiological measures of AC. Hypothesis (1)degree of AC occurring above FRC would correlate with area of closure seen on SPECT-CT (2) the obese would have more AC particularly basally. Methods: Obese subjects (OS n=5) and non-obese subjects (NOS n=7) had lung volumes (plethysmography), and single breath nitrogen washout to measure closing capacity (CC). CC/FRC > 1 indicated AC above FRC. SPECT-CT: 400mL of Technegas administered at FRC, inspiration to TLC. Areas of reduced Technegas deposition were defined as AC, and overall volume of AC, and volume of AC seen in upper, middle and bottom third of lung, expressed as a proportion of corresponding lung volume on CT (closure%). Results: OS and NOS were well matched for age. OS had higher CC/FRC than NOS (not statistically significant: OS 93.6 ± 18.5 %, NOS 69.07± 26.8 % p=0.11). There was no correlation between CC/FRC and overall closure% (r=0.22 p=0.5). OS did not have greater overall closure% than NOS. (NOS 19.5 ± 4.2 %, OS 19.52 ± 11.3 % p=1). NOS had greater closure% in the upper third.(NOS 36.77 ± 8.3 %, OS 17.62 ± 13.1% p=0.03) Conclusion: Surprisingly there were no differences in basal AC on imaging in the obese despite occurence of AC above FRC. The reason is not known. Apparent AC in NOS compared to OS in upper zones may represent altered ventilation in the OS.
The efficacy of transbronchail biopsies without fluoroscopy control in diagnostics of extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Authors: Ilya Sivokozov, Olga Lovacheva, Eugene Shmelev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is usually established based on results of CT exam, immunology, and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) during flexible bronchoscopy (FBS). As a rule, TBLB should be performed under fluoroscopy control, but it is not always possible, and in such situation efficacy of TBLB is controversial.  Aim. To investigate the effectivity of TBLB and bronchoalveloar lavage (BAL) during FBS in patients with newly diagnosed EAA.  Materials. 66 patients with EAA were enrolled into the study, all of them undergo CT of the chest with subsequent FBS with TBLB and BAL. We analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of TBLB upon histology and cytology, and diagnostic changes in BAL. Additionally, mean and median number of tissue samples, samples quality, frequency of pneumothorax and severe bleeding were analyzed.  Results. There were 37 females in the group, mean age for both sexes - 48.3 years, varied from 19 to 73 years. Mean disease duration from first symptoms/chest abnormalities was 87,1 weeks. Mean tissue samples number was 2,23, varied from 1 to 5, median 2. There were no complications. Lung tissue was observed in 42/66 cases (64,5%). Upon histology, granulomas and tissue infiltration were seen in 30 out of 66 patients (45,4%), additionally due to cytology granulomas were found in 4 cases, thus total efficacy of TBLB was 34/66 (51,5%). Among the rest 32 patients, diagnostically significant changes in BAL were found in 16 patients, so the total efficacy of TBLB plus BAL reached 50/66 (75,7%).  Conclusion. Bronchoscopy with TBLB and BAL even without fluoroscopy control is effective and safe way to establish the diagnosis of allergic alveolitis.
Exercise induced dyspnea among 12-13 year old children
Authors: Henrik Johansson, Hans Hedenström, Christer Janson, Leif Nordang, Lennart Nordvall, Katarina Norlander, Margareta Emntner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Many children are limited in their physical activity because of exercise induced dyspnea (EID).  Aim: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of EID, asthma and physical activity level among a population of 12-13 year old children in Uppsala, Sweden.  Method: A questionnaire was sent to 3815 parents asking them to answer the questionnaire together with their child.  Results: The response rate was 61 % (n=2312). EID during the last 12 months was reported by14.3 % (n=330) (girls 16.9 vs. boys 11.8 %, p
Integration of negative experiences: A neuropsychological framework for human resilience
Authors: Markus Quirin, Martha Kent, Maarten A. S. Boksem, Mattie Tops
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract We propose that the fundamental mechanism underlying resilience is the integration of novel or negative experiences into internal schemata. This process requires a switch from reactive to predictive control modes, from the brain's salience network to the default mode network. Reappraisal, among other mechanisms, is suggested to facilitate this process.
Long-term results of a phase III study investigating chemoradiation with and without surgery in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (LA-SCC) of the esophagus
Authors: M. Stahl, H. Wilke, N. Lehmann, M. Stuschke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4530 Background: In 2005 we reported on a multicenter randomized trial comparing chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery vs. definitive chemoradiation in LA-SCC of the esophagus (Stahl M., JCO 23:2310, 2005). The data showed noninferiority of definitive chemoradiation regarding survival, though survival curves somewhat diverged after 3 years. By now, long-term results are available at a median follow-up of 10.1 years. Methods: After randomization both arms started with induction chemotherapy (3 cycles of 5- FU/leucovorin/etoposid/ cisplatin). Afterwards, patients in arm A received concomitant chemoradiotherapy (40 Gy) followed by transthoracic esophagectomy and patients in arm B were treated with definitive chemoradiation (>60 Gy) without surgery. Regular follow-up was planned for up to five years after the end of treatment. Data of pts. surviving 5 years were colleted by a survey in 11/07. Results: Long-term survival data were available in 169 out of 172 randomized patients. 17/86 pts. (19.8%) and 11/86 pts. (12.8%) were alive in arm A and B, respectively. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years (intention to treat) was 27.9% and 19.2% in Arm A, and it reached 17.0% and 12.2% in arm B. P- value for noninferiority was 0.06 (noninferiority margin: hazard ratio (HR) arm A vs. B > 0.67). In an as treated analysis (excluding cross- over) the survival rates at 5 / 10 years were 28.0%/19.8% and 17.0%/12.9% in arms A and B, respectively. Eight patients in Arm A, but none in arm B died unrelated to tumor or treatment. Thus, disease specific 10-year survival was 24.8% vs. 12.2% (logrank p = 0.14). A Cox regression analysis proved clinical tumor response to induction chemotherapy to be an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival (HR responder vs. nonresponder 0.30, 95%CI 0.19–0.48). Conclusions: Our mature results show no clear survival difference between operative and conservative treatment of patients with LA-SCC of the esophagus. Independent of treatment modality, clinical response to induction chemotherapy may be a valuable surrogate for predicting prognosis. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb
Aspects of relationship between alcoholism and tuberculosis
Authors: Simona Apetrei
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

This retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between tuberculosis,an infectious disease and alcoholism a metabolic and behavioural chronic disease,in a region of Romania-an European country with a high incidence of tuberculosis. During the period 2007-2009 was registered 297 TB patients aged 15 in Urziceni area.Out of them 64were chronic alcoholics- 51.5% new cases and 48.5% relapses.From these cases,89.1% were men and 92.2% patients were from rural zone.The most affected age group was 55-64 years old.There prevailed the pulmonary forms,most of them being diagnosed with advanced states of sickness, intensely contaminating.The alcoholics have greater difficulty adapting to the rules and regulations of hospital life,more frequently leave the hospital against medical advise and are more commonly given disciplinary discharges.These patients had also a great frequency of associated pathology,especially digestive diseases,neuro-psyhic and cardiovascular pathology.The compliance to the treatment and the rate of favourable results were generally bad.The percentage of subjects cured was low-45.3%;the percentage of failures,relapses and deceased was important.The major reason for poorer prognosis and therapeutic results was the relative lack of cooperation of patients. The alcoholics have greater difficulty adapting to the rules and regulations of hospital life,more frequently leave the hospital against medical advise and are more commonly given disciplinary discharges.So,the alcoholism is strong associated with non-compliance,low social status and great frequency of other diseases and also the necessity for supplementary measures for rigorous surveillance and health education for this category of TB patients.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurring as a second malignant neoplasm in childhood: report of three cases and review of the literature.
Authors: S P Hunger, J Sklar, M P Link
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The long-term effects of childhood cancer and its therapy are a problem of increasing concern. One of the most important of these late effects is the development of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), which occur in approximately 8% of children within 20 years of diagnosis of a malignancy. These secondary cancers may result (individually or in combination) from increased genetic susceptibility, the mutagenic effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, or chance. Whereas the development of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) as an SMN is a well-recognized phenomenon, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been infrequently described as an SMN in either adults or children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report three patients treated at our institution in whom ALL developed as an SMN after treatment for neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and Hodgkin's disease. These cases prompted us to review the published literature for cases of secondary ALL in childhood. Patients whose initial malignancy was diagnosed at age less than 16 years were classified as pediatric patients. SMNs were defined as cancers of clearly distinct histologic type occurring 6 or more months after diagnosis of the first malignant neoplasm. RESULTS Including the three index cases, a total of 18 children with secondary ALL are reviewed, and the clinical features are discussed and compared with those of secondary ANLL. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the published case histories of secondary ALL. The data suggest that ALL represents approximately 5% to 10% of the cases of acute leukemia that arise as SMNs in both adults and children.
Current level of consensus on probiotic science-Report of an expert meeting- London, 23 November 2009
Authors: Ian R. Rowland, Lucio Capurso, Kevin Collins, John Cummings, Nathalie Delzenne, Olivier Goulet, Francisco Guarner, Philippe Marteau, Rémy Meier
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

The present paper summarizes the consensus views of a group of 9 European clinicians and scientists on the current state of scientific knowledge on probiotics, covering those areas where there is substantial evidence for beneficial effects and those where the evidence base is poor or inconsistent. There was general agreement that probiotic effects were species and often strain specific. The experts agreed that some probiotics were effective in reducing the incidence and duration of rotavirus diarrhoea in infants, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in adults and, for certain probiotics, Clostridium difficile infections. Some probiotics are associated with symptomatic improvements in irritable bowel syndrome and alleviation of digestive discomfort. Probiotics can reduce the frequency and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants and have been shown to regulate intestinal immunity. Several other clinical effects of probiotics, including their role in inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, respiratory or genito-urinary infections or H.pylori adjuvant treatment were thought promising but inconsistent.
Declining Malaria Transmission and Pregnancy Outcomes in Southern Mozambique
Authors: Nicholas J White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Malaria is declining in many parts of the tropical world as a result of increased provision of effective control interventions (mainly insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-based combination therapies).1 The effects on the clinical epidemiology of malaria differ depending on the level of transmission intensity. Where the transmission intensity was previously low, mortality and case numbers have declined even more, making elimination of malaria at the local and regional levels increasingly possible. Where the transmission intensity was high, the consequences are more complex, reflecting the interplay between malaria transmission and an imperfect acquired immunity. There are places in Africa where a . . .
Personalized Devices Predict Cancer Drug Sensitivity In Vivo:
Authors: Vijay Shankar Balakrishnan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

On April 22, 2015, Science Translational Medicine published two papers under one theme: testing cancer drugs in vivo and in situ. Both papers reported on patient-friendly devices that can predict patients’ sensitivity or susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, before surgery and the start of a systemic therapy regimen. The devices could change how clinicians treat cancers, improving efficacy and decreasing cost while creating opportunities to improve current drug discovery, testing, and trial practices.

One unnamed device designed by Oliver Jonas, Ph.D., and colleagues from the group of Robert Langer, Ph.D., at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., is an implantable microdevice that leaks out microdoses of drugs to test both efficacy and patient sensitivity (Sci. Trans. Med. 2015;7:284ra57). “You can use it to test a patient for a range of available drugs and pick the one that works best,” Jonas said.

A second device is a hand-held injectable CIVO developed by Richard Klinghoffer, Ph.D., and colleagues at Presage Biosciences in collaboration with James Olson, Ph.D., and colleagues at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, all in Seattle. The CIVO device, the size of a pen flashlight, also delivers microdoses of drugs into various tumor sites for testing (Sci. Trans. Med. 2015;7:284ra58). “[Our] approach enables drug developers to analyze and compare multiple drugs and drug combinations in a single living tumor while [they are] still in the patient,” Klinghoffer said.
Abstract 20163: New Duplex-Ultrasound Velocity Criteria for Grading Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Roland R Macharzina, Nian Fan, Tanja Böhme, Aljosha Rastan, Ulrich Beschorner, Olaf Moske-Eick, Johannes Weber, Martin Schumacher, Andreas Hetzel, Peter Flügel, Karlheinz Bürgelin, Christoph Bode, Franz-Josef Neumann, Thomas Zeller
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Choice of velocity criteria for grading internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (S) by Duplex-Ultrasonography (DUS) is of importance for therapeutic decision making. Established criteria are mostly ...
Gene Expression Pattern of Cells From Inflamed and Normal Areas of Osteoarthritis Synovial Membrane
Authors: Cécile Lambert, Jean‐Emile Dubuc, Eulàlia Montell, Josep Vergés, Carine Munaut, Agnès Noël, Yves Henrotin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

To compare the gene expression patterns of synovial cells from inflamed or normal/reactive areas of synovial membrane obtained from the same patient with osteoarthritis (OA).At the time of total knee replacement, synovial tissues were obtained from 12 patients with knee OA. The inflammation status of the synovial membrane was characterized according to macroscopic criteria and classified as normal/reactive or inflamed. Biopsy samples were cultured separately for 7 days. Microarray gene expression profiling was performed on normal/reactive and inflamed areas. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the identified genes that were differentially expressed.We identified 896 genes that were differentially expressed between normal/reactive and inflamed areas. The key pathways were related to inflammation, cartilage metabolism, Wnt signaling, and angiogenesis. In the inflammation network, the genes TREM1 and S100A9 were strongly up-regulated. The genes MMP3, MMP9, CTSH (cathepsin H), and CTSS (cathepsin S) were significantly up-regulated in the cartilage catabolism pathway, while the most up-regulated anabolism enzyme gene was HAS1. In the Wnt signaling pathway, the genes for Wnt-5a and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 were up-regulated, while the gene FZD2 and the gene for Dkk-3 were down-regulated. Finally, STC1, which codes for a protein involved in angiogenesis, was identified as the most up-regulated gene in inflamed compared with normal/reactive areas.This study is the first to identify different expression patterns between 2 areas of the synovial membrane from the same patient. These differences concern several key pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. This analysis also provides information regarding new genes and proteins as potential targets of treatment.
Abstract 16244: Survival, Reintervention, and Pulmonary Vascular Status After Stage II Palliation for Neonate with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Hybrid vs. Norwood Strategies
Authors: Kenji Baba, Osami Honjo, Yasuhiro Kotani, Anusha Jagatheeswaran, Devin Chetan, Rajiv Chaturvedi, Kyong-Jin Lee, Lee N Benson, Glen S Van Arsdell, Christopher A Caldarone
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND: Our previous study showed equivalent survival and pulmonary artery (PA) growth after Stage I palliation between infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) palliated with a Norw...
Clinical features and outcomes of patients hospitalized with influenza A virus (H1N1) infection in a hospital of the south of Spain
Authors: Victoria Nuñez-Rodriguez, Mª Angeles Villena-Ruiz, Alicia Padilla-Galo, Silvia Soler-Mendez, Luis Fernandez de Rota-Garcia, Teresa Perez-Romero, Julian Olalla-Sierra, Jose Joaquin Cebrian-Gallardo, Jose Javier Garcia-Alegria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized H1N1 influenza infection.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients hospitalized with H1N1 infection in our hospital (August09/April10). All patients underwent nasopharyngeal PCR swab for H1N1. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables.

Results: 93 patients (18.34%) were positive for influenza A virus. The clinical features, risk factors and outcomes are available in the tables.

View this table:

Table 1. Risk Factors





View this table:

Table 2. Clinical features and outcomes





The presenting symptoms were fever (89.2%), cough (92%), dyspnea (65.5%), digestive problems (26.9%), myalgia and headache (53%). 52.2% had community acquired pneumonia on admission. Major complications during hospitalization were (15.6%): respiratory insufficiency (50%), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (8.9%), pneumothorax (3.3%), pleural effusion (1.1%) and multisystem organ failure (3.4%).

Conclusions: Patients hospitalized for H1N1 infection are mainly middle-aged. Pneumonia and/or decompensate co-morbidities were the main causes of hospitalization. The most common risk factor was the chronic lung disease.
Kupffer Cell Depletion and the Intensity of the Proliferative Response After a 1/3 Or a 2/3 Partial-hepatectomy
Authors: Luc Lambotte, Alain Saliez, B. Li
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Kupffer Cell Depletion and the Intensity of the Proliferative Response After a 1/3 Or a 2/3 Partial-hepatectomy