tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pre and post-bronchodilator single-breath and re-breathe DLCO values amongst healthy, asthmatic and COPD subjects
Authors: Nitin Vanjare, Rahul Kodgule, Shweta Rasam, Satish Bhosale, Yogesh Gupta, Sundeep Salvi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: DLCO differentiates asthma & chronic bronchitis from COPD. There is lack of clarity about DLCO measured by single breath (SB) or by rebreathe (RB) technique is better & the effects of bronchodilation on DLCO values are not known.Aim: To compare SB & RB techniques for measuring DLCO & to study the effect of bronchodilation in healthy, asthmatics & COPD subjects.Methods: In this ongoing study 3 healthy, 6 asthma & 4 COPD subjects underwent DLCO measurements by & RB methods, body plethysmography (BP) & spirometry before & after bronchodilation with 400 mcg of inhaled salbutamol.Results: The mean DLCO in healthy, asthmatics & COPD subjects were 8.88, 5.54 & 3.4 units by SB method & 2.42, 1.44 & 1.44 units by RB method respectively.  Similarly, total lung capacity (TLC) measured were 4.79, 3.27 & 4.41 L by SB & 4.68, 3.43 & 3.8 L by RB & 5.66, 4.48 & 7.15 L by BP respectively. Bronchodilation increased DLCO by -3.57%, 2.98% & 5.12% by SB & by 0.88%, 1.97 &-4.51% in healthy, asthmatics & COPD subjects respectively. Similarly, the TLC reduced by -6.93%, 0% and 0% by SB method & by 2.35%, 4.05% & 0% by RB method & by 1%, 9.37% and 6.15% respectively after bronchodilation. All changes due to bronchodilation were not significant (paired t-test, p > 0.05).Conclusion: SB measured higher DLCO values than RB. Bronchodilation did not increase DLCO. Body Plethysmography measure higher TLC than He-dilution techniques.
Scoring the therapeutic effects of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma: A prospective study comparing the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) with the Hemangioma Severity Scale (HSS)
Authors: Sherief R. Janmohamed, Marleen van Oosterhout, Peter C.J. de Laat, Joost van Rosmalen, Gerard C. Madern, Arnold P. Oranje
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis Recommendations from the Endocarditis Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Authors: N.A. Simmons, R.A. Cawson, S.J. Eykym, H.P. Lambert, W.A. Littler, D.A. Mcgowan, C.M. Oakley, D.C. Shanson
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Discrepancies in Clinical Laboratory Testing of Eligibility for Trastuzumab Therapy: Apparent Immunohistochemical False-Positives Do Not Get the Message
Authors: R.R. Tubbs, J.D. Pettay, P.C. Roche, M.H. Stoler, R.B. Jenkins, T.M. Grogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported what seem to be false-positive results using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved HercepTest (Dako Corp, Carpinteria, CA) to profile Her-2/neu amplification and overproduction in breast carcinoma. False-positive status has been based on comparisons with gene copy enumeration by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and with comparisons to immunohistochemistry (IMH) results using a monoclonal antibody. However, simple overexpression by tumor cells that have normal gene copy has not been evaluated by profiling mRNA expression, ie, such cases could simply represent true-positive, transcriptionally upregulated overexpression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred infiltrating ductal carcinomas of breast were evaluated by IMH using monoclonal (CB11; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ) and polyclonal (HercepTest; Dako) antibodies after antigen retrieval (AR). A polyclonal antibody sans AR (PCA/SAR) was also used. All IMH stains were evaluated and scored according to the guidelines for the FDA-approved HercepTest. A total of 145 of 400 carcinomas were subsequently evaluated by direct and digoxigenin-labeled (Dig) FISH, and 144 of 400 were evaluated by detection of mRNA overexpression via autoradiographic RNA:RNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Overall HercepTest/CB11 IMH discordance was 12%. Expression of mRNA was highly concordant with FISH and DigFISH amplification and with CB11 and PCA/SAR immunohistology. IMH false-positive cases (no Her-2/neu gene amplification) occurred with both HercepTest (23%) and CB11 (17%), and the majority of false-positive results (34 of 44) were scored as 2+. All 2+ false-positive cases were mRNA-negative. Combined results of HercepTest and CB11 showed that 79% (38 of 48) of 3+ cases were Her-2/neu gene amplified, but only 17% (seven of 41) of 2+ cases had increased gene copy. CONCLUSION: Discordant HercepTest/FISH results, and to a lesser extent discordance with CB11 IMH, are most commonly false-positive results with a score of 2+. The 2+ score as defined in the guidelines for the FDA-approved HercepTest should not be used as a criterion for trastuzumab therapy unless confirmed by FISH. Determination of Her-2 gene copy number by FISH may be a more accurate and reliable method for selecting patients eligible for trastuzumab therapy.
Concomitant administration of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant interferon alfa-2A: an active outpatient regimen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: R A Figlin, A Belldegrun, N Moldawer, J Zeffren, J deKernion
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE A phase II trial of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCCa) was conducted. A lower dosage of IL-2 was given via continuous intravenous (IV) infusion, a route with documented tumor activity associated with less toxicity, with the purpose of improving the therapeutic index of this treatment in an outpatient setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with metastatic RCCa were treated with the combination of IL-2 and IFN-alpha-2A. IL-2 was administered on days 1 through 4 of each treatment week, as a continuous IV infusion at a dose of 2 x 10(6) U/m2/d. IFN-alpha-2A was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously on days 1 and 4 of each treatment week, at a dose of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d. One treatment course included 4 weeks of treatment followed by a 2-week rest. Patients received therapy as outpatients except for the first 4 days of treatment, cycle 1 only. All patients were assessable for toxicity and response assessment. A total of 105 courses of therapy were administered, 51% at full dose. RESULTS Sixteen patients experienced toxicities resulting in dosage modification. The major treatment-limiting toxicities were gastrointestinal, neurologic, and fatigue. Nine patients (30%) had partial remissions (PRs) with a median duration of responses of 12+ months. The median time to response was 11 weeks. Two partial responders whose sites of metastatic disease were renal fossa and mediastinal lymph nodes (LN), respectively, were found to have achieved a pathologic complete remission (pCR) after surgery. A third patient with a pCR of axillary LN was rendered into a surgical complete remission (sCR) with salvage nephrectomy. Median survival of patients obtaining a PR has not been reached with a median follow-up time of 19+ months. CONCLUSION IL-2 and IFN-alpha-2A is well tolerated in the outpatient treatment setting and demonstrates significant clinical activity against RCCa.
Abstract 18100: Risk of Cardiac Events in Genotype-Negative Family Members of Patients with Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Ilan Goldenberg, Arthur J Moss, Scott McNitt, Jennifer L Robinson, Alon Barshseshet
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Current practice for the diagnosis of congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) includes genetic testing of family members of identified LQTS probands. However, the clinical course of individu...
Unexplained Exertional Limitation
Authors: KEVIN R. FLAHERTY, JOHN WALD, IDELLE M. WEISMAN, R. JORGE ZEBALLOS, M. ANTHONY SCHORK, MILA BLAIVAS, MELVYN RUBENFIRE, FERNANDO J. MARTINEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Exercise intolerance is a common complaint, the cause of which often remains elusive after a comprehensive evaluation. In this report, we describe 28 patients with unexplained dyspnea or exertional limitation secondary to biopsy-proven mitochondrial myopathies. Patients were prospectively identified from a multidisciplinary dyspnea clinic at a tertiary referral center. All patients were without underlying pulmonary, cardiac, or other neuromuscular disorders. Patients underwent history, physical examination, complete pulmonary function testing, respiratory muscle testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle biopsy. Results were compared with a group of normal control subjects. The estimated period prevalence was 8.5% (28 of 331). Spirometry, lung volumes, and gas exchange were normal in patients and control subjects. Compared with control subjects, the patient group demonstrated decreased exercise capacity (maximum achieved V˙ o 2 67 versus 104% predicted; p < 0.0001) and respiratory muscle weakness (Pi max 77 versus 115% predicted; p = 0.001). These patients have a characteristic exercise response that was hyperventilatory (peak Ve/V˙ co 2; 55 versus 42) and hypercirculatory (maximum heart rate − baseline heart rate/V˙ o 2max − baseline V˙ o 2max; 91 versus 41) compared to control subjects. Patients stopping exercise due to dyspnea (n = 16) (as compared with muscle fatigue, n = 11) displayed weaker respiratory muscles (Pdimax 61 versus 115 cm H2O; p = 0.01) and were more likely to reach mechanical ventilatory limitation (V˙ emax/ MVV 0.81 versus 0.58; p = 0.02). The sensation of dyspnea was related to indices of respiratory muscle function including respiratory rate and inspiratory flow. We conclude that mitochondrial myopathies are more prevalent than previously reported. The characteristic physiological profile may be useful in the diagnostic evaluation of mitochondrial myopathy.Keywords: metabolic myopathy; dyspnea; mitochondrial myopathy
CKD Stimulates Muscle Protein Loss Via Rho-associated Protein Kinase 1 Activation
Authors: Hui Peng, Jin Cao, Rizhen Yu, Farhad Danesh, Yanlin Wang, William E. Mitch, Jing Xu, Zhaoyong Hu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

In patients with CKD, muscle wasting is common and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms leading to loss of muscle proteins include insulin resistance, which suppresses Akt activity and thus stimulates protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the specific factors controlling CKD-induced suppression of Akt activity in muscle remain undefined. In mice with CKD, the reduction in Akt activity in muscle exceeded the decrease in upstream insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, suggesting that CKD activates other pathways that suppress Akt. Furthermore, a CKD-induced increase uncovered caspase-3 activity in muscle in these mice. In C2C12 muscle cells, activated caspase-3 cleaves and activates Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), which enhances the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and reduces Akt activity. Notably, constitutive activation of ROCK1 also led to increased caspase-3 activity in vitro. In mice with either global ROCK1 knockout or muscle-specific PTEN knockout, CKD-associated muscle proteolysis was blunted. These results suggest ROCK1 activation in CKD and perhaps in other catabolic conditions can promote loss of muscle protein via a negative feedback loop.
Training for Necropsy
Authors: Mary Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

In the JRSM, last year, Baron1 lamented the decline of the necropsy. As a senior house officer in histopathology working in a district general hospital, I have managed to attend only four post-mortems in the past twelve months. Most of my colleagues in this region are in a similar predicament: Royal College of Pathologists training requirements for the first-year trainee include twenty post-mortem examinations. What can be done to improve matters?

Do we need to perform necropsies at all? Rutty and colleagues2 looked at the ability of pathologists to predict a cause of death from the available clinical history without conducting a postmortem examination, and found an error rate between 61% and 74%. This was not acceptable to replace coroner's necropsies. According to Home Office statistics, deaths reported to the coroner now account for one-third of all deaths in England and Wales, having risen from 130 000 in 1970 to 201 000 in 1999. In 1999 62% of the total referrals underwent post-mortem examination under the legal authority of the coroner3. These examinations could provide valuable opportunities for histopathology trainees and are widely used for this purpose in North America. Maintenance of regional databases of post-mortem examinations in hospitals without trainees could enable trainees on day release to attend or perform post-mortems. This would be a good way to use a dwindling resource for training. Another, and underexplored, approach is to use simulators. Simulator software is available on several pathology websites, but its usefulness needs to be evaluated properly. The Royal College of Pathologists must address this issue of training, or trainees will be emerging with serious skill shortages.
Care of Adults in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Benjamin Kinnear, Jennifer K. O’Toole
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Intervention study to evaluate effectiveness of integrated therapy (varenicline plus montivational interviewing) for smoking cessation in diabetic patients
Authors: Pasquale Caponnetto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:   The prevalence of smoking among people with diabetes is similar to that in the general population. For smokers with diabetes, however, the complications incurred are not equal.  All-cause mortality is increased in smokers with diabetes, and the risk of macro and microvascular complications is also increased (1).   Aim and objectives:  We designed a study to monitor possible modifications in the smoking habits of 40 regular diabetic smokers experimenting and Integrated Therapy (Varenicline plus Montivational Interviewing) focusing on smoking reduction and smoking abstinence.   Methods: . Study participants were invited to attend a total of five study visits: at baseline, week-4, week-8, week-12 and week-24. Number of cigarettes smoked, and exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured at each visit. Smoking reduction and abstinence rates were calculated. Adverse events a were also reviewed.   Results:  Sustained 50% reduction in the number of cig/day at week-24 was shown in 45% participants. Sustained smoking abstinence at week-24 was observed in 40% of participants.   Conclusion:  The use of Integrated Therapy (Varenicline plus Montivational Interviewing) improve smoking cessation and reduction s in diabetic smokers intending to quit.  1.  Solberg L, Desai J, O9Connor P, Bishop D, Devlin H: Diabetic patients who smoke: are they different? Ann Fam Med 2:26–32, 2004.
Biomarker Use in Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Robin K. Kelley, Grace Wang, Alan P. Venook
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Biomarkers reflective of the molecular and genetic heterogeneity in colorectal cancers now guide certain aspects of clinical management and offer great potential for enrichment, stratification, and identification of novel therapeutic targets in drug development. Using case-based examples, this article reviews biomarkers that have an established role in the clinical management of colorectal cancer: mismatch repair protein testing and KRAS and BRAF mutational analysis. A selection of biomarkers undergoing validation for future clinical application is presented, and the dynamic and challenging interface between biomarkers in research and clinical practice is discussed.
Key role of the kidney in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23
Authors: Maria L. Mace, Eva Gravesen, Jacob Hofman-Bang, Klaus Olgaard, Ewa Lewin
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

High circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been demonstrated in kidney failure, but mechanisms of this are not well understood. Here we examined the impact of the kidney on the early regulation of intact FGF23 in acute uremia as induced by bilateral or unilateral nephrectomy (BNX and UNX, respectively) in the rat. BNX induced a significant increase in plasma intact FGF23 levels from 112 to 267 pg/ml within 15 min, which remained stable thereafter. UNX generated intact FGF23 levels between that seen in BNX and sham-operated rats. The intact to C-terminal FGF23 ratio was significantly increased in BNX rats. The rapid rise in FGF23 after BNX was independent of parathyroid hormone or FGF receptor signaling. No evidence of early stimulation of FGF23 gene expression in the bone was found. Furthermore, acute severe hyperphosphatemia or hypercalcemia had no impact on intact FGF23 levels in normal and BNX rats. The half-life of exogenous recombinant human FGF23 was significantly prolonged from 4.4 to 11.8 min in BNX rats. Measurements of plasma FGF23 in the renal artery and renal vein demonstrated a significant renal extraction. Thus the kidney is important in FGF23 homeostasis by regulation of its plasma level and metabolism.
The impact of endometrioma on IVF/ICSI outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. Hamdan, G. Dunselman, T.C. Li, Y. Cheong
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)

BACKGROUNDEndometriosis is a disease known to be detrimental to fertility. Women with endometriosis, and the presence of endometrioma, may require artificial reproductive techniques (ART) to achieve a pregnancy. The specific impact of endometrioma alone and the impact of surgical intervention for endometrioma on the reproductive outcome of women undergoing IVF/ICSI are areas that require further clarification. The objectives of this review were as follows: (i) to determine the impact of endometrioma on IVF/ICSI outcomes, (ii) to determine the impact of surgery for endometrioma on IVF/ICSI outcome and (iii) to determine the effect of different surgical techniques on IVF/ICSI outcomes.
Evaluation of a commercial microarray as a confirmation test for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in isolates from the routine clinical setting
Authors: T.N. Platteel, J.W. Cohen Stuart, G.M. Voets, J. Scharringa, N. van de Sande, A.C. Fluit, M.A. Leverstein-Van Hall
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)

Since the diagnostic characteristics of the Check-KPC ESBL microarray as a confirmation test on isolates obtained in a routine clinical setting have not been determined, we evaluated the microarray in a random selection of 346 clinical isolates with a positive ESBL screen test (MIC >1 mg/L for cefotaxime or ceftazidime or an ESBL alarm from the Phoenix or Vitek-2 expert system) collected from 31 clinical microbiology laboratories in the Netherlands in 2009. Using sequencing as the reference method the sensitivity of the microarray was 97% (237/245), the specificity 98% (97/99), the positive predictive value 99% (237/239) and the negative predictive value 92% (97/105).
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Steven D. Nathan, Paul W. Noble, Rubin M. Tuder
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis and a course that is unpredictable. Pulmonary hypertension may complicate the course of IPF and potentially impact prognosis. There are multiple factors that might influence the onset and severity of pulmonary hypertension in IPF. The relationship between the physiologic and pathobiologic manifestations of the progressive fibrotic process and interceding pulmonary hypertension has not been well defined. This article serves to explore these relationships and to hypothesize about the possible linkage between these entities. From a prognostic standpoint, recent evidence suggests this to be important to assess for pulmonary hypertension in patients with IPF. The appropriate triggers for evaluating for pulmonary hypertension and the best method of detection require further study. Despite the relative ease of noninvasive methods, such as echocardiography, right-heart catheterization remains the best diagnostic test. The appeal of pulmonary hypertension in IPF is that it may be an enticing therapeutic target in a disease that otherwise does not have any proven effective therapies. Which agent(s) might be useful and when they should be implemented mandate the appropriate studies being performed. Some of the data presented in this article have previously been reported in abstract form only.
Q fever pneumonia: a review of 164 community-acquired cases in the Basque country
Authors: V Sobradillo, P Ansola, F Baranda, C Corral
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

One hundred and sixty four cases of Q fever pneumonia are reviewed. Coxiella burnetti is responsible for 18.8% of pneumonias acquired in the community in our region with an extremely high seasonal variation. 91% of the cases occur between January and June. 88.5% of the patients are less than 40 yrs of age and 77% are male. The most common clinical symptoms are high fever, cough, cephalalgia and myalgias. 46.5% of the patients have no respiratory symptoms although 34% of the cases report pleural pain. The radiological signs are nonspecific. With regard to laboratory data, it is often observed that the white blood cell count (WBC) is normal and the liver enzymes are abnormal (45%). Treatment with doxycycline reduces the fever more quickly than erythromycin.