tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Areas V3A and V6 Compensate for Self-Induced Planar Visual Motion
Authors: Elvira Fischer, Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Nikos K. Logothetis, Andreas Bartels
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Little is known about mechanisms mediating a stable perception of the world during pursuit eye movements. Here, we used fMRI to determine to what extent human motion-responsive areas integrate planar retinal motion with nonretinal eye movement signals in order to discard self-induced planar retinal motion and to respond to objective ("real") motion. In contrast to other areas, V3A lacked responses to self-induced planar retinal motion but responded strongly to head-centered motion, even when retinally canceled by pursuit. This indicates a near-complete multimodal integration of visual with nonvisual planar motion signals in V3A. V3A could be mapped selectively and robustly in every single subject on this basis. V6 also reported head-centered planar motion, even when 3D flow was added to it, but was suppressed by retinal planar motion. These findings suggest a dominant contribution of human areas V3A and V6 to head-centered motion perception and to perceptual stability during eye movements.
Gene Encoding Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines Is Associated with Asthma and IgE in Three Populations
Authors: Candelaria Vergara, Yuhjung J. Tsai, Audrey V. Grant, Nicholas Rafaels, Li Gao, Tracey Hand, Maria Stockton, Monica Campbell, Dilia Mercado, Mezbah Faruque, Georgia Dunston, Terri H. Beaty, Ricardo Riccio Oliveira, Eduardo V. Ponte, Alvaro A. Cruz, Edgar Carvalho, Maria Ilma Araujo, Harold Watson, Robert P. Schleimer, Luis Caraballo, Renate G. Nickel, Rasika A. Mathias, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Asthma prevalence and severity are high among underserved minorities, including those of African descent. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax on erythrocytes and functions as a chemokine-clearing receptor. Unlike European populations, decreased expression of the receptor on erythrocytes is common among populations of African descent, and results from a functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter. This variant provides an evolutionary advantage in malaria-endemic regions, because Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines-negative erythrocytes are more resistant to infection by P. vivax.Objectives: To determine the role of the rs2814778 polymorphism in asthma and atopy as measured by total serum IgE levels among four populations of African descent (African Caribbean, African American, Brazilian, and Colombian) and a European American population.Methods: Family-based association tests were performed in each of the five populations to test for association between the rs2814778 polymorphism and asthma or total IgE concentration.Measurements and Main Results: Asthma was significantly associated with the rs2814778 polymorphism in the African Caribbean, Colombian, and Brazilian families (P < 0.05). High total IgE levels were associated with this variant in African Caribbean and Colombian families (P < 0.05). The variant allele was not polymorphic among European Americans.Conclusions: Susceptibility to asthma and atopy among certain populations of African descent is influenced by a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. This genetic variant, which confers resistance to malarial parasitic infection, may also partially explain ethnic differences in morbidity of asthma.
TCT-818 A Comparison Of Transradial Approach Versus Transfemoral Approach For Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Women: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Peiyuan He, Yuejin Yang, Shubin Qiao, Bo Xu, Yongjian Wu, Jinqing Yuan, Jue Chen, Haibo Liu, Xinran Tang, Yang Wang, Wei Li, Runlin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Rectal examination in patients with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
Authors: J M Dixon, R A Elton, J B Rainey, D A Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether rectal examination provides any diagnostic information in patients admitted to hospital with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. DESIGN--Casualty officer or surgical registrar recorded symptoms and signs on admission on detailed forms. Final diagnosis was noted on discharge from hospital. SETTING--District general hospital. PATIENTS--1204 Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen as their major complaint; 1028 had a rectal examination on admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Odds ratio for each symptom and sign related to final diagnosis. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis for acute appendicitis. RESULTS--Right sided rectal tenderness, present in 309 of those examined, was more common in patients with acute appendicitis (odds ratio 1.34, p less than 0.05). This odds ratio was considerably less than that for other clinical signs--namely, tenderness in the right lower quadrant (odds ratio 5.09), rebound tenderness (3.34), guarding (3.07), and muscular rigidity in the abdomen (5.03). In the logistic regression analysis of patients with acute appendicitis, when allowance was made for the presence or absence of rebound tenderness, rectal tenderness on the right lost its significance. Six patients had masses palpable rectally, of which three were palpable on abdominal examination; the other three patients had acute appendicitis. No other unexpected diagnoses were established, and no useful additional diagnostic information was obtained by routine rectal examination. CONCLUSION--If patients presenting with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen are tested for rebound tenderness then rectal examination does not give any further diagnostic information.
Melatonin Prophylaxis in Delirium
Authors: Sophia E. de Rooij, Barbara C. van Munster, Annemarieke de Jonghe
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
MHC Class II Regulation — Lessons from a Disease
Authors: Bernard Mach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Elucidating the molecular and genetic basis of a hereditary disease often has implications that go beyond the understanding of the disease itself and that may concern important biologic processes. When it was shown that a form of primary immunodeficiency, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deficiency (also referred to as the bare lymphocyte syndrome), was in fact a disease of gene regulation involving trans-acting regulatory factors,1 there was hope that elucidating the genetic basis of that rare disease might lead to the identification of the essential regulators of MHC class II gene expression. MHC class II genes, originally described . . .
PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF GRISEOFULVIN IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS
Authors: D. S. PLATT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF GRISEOFULVIN IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS Get access D. S. PLATT D. S. PLATT Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Alderley Park, Mucclesfield, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 September 1970, Pages 382–385, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15721.x Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Accepted: 15 April 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: H. H Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 465

In spite of a worldwide intensification of the battle against tobacco consumption, the incidence of lung cancer continues to rise in parallel with the increased consumption of tobacco. This is especially so in women in Western countries and in men and women in developing countries.

Major strides have been made in our knowledge of the biology of lung cancer. But we still await the impact of this information on prevention, early diagnosis, and cure rate, which has been essentially unchanged during the past couple of decades, with a five year survival rate for non-small cell lung cancer of 8-14%. The figures vary somewhat from country to country, with almost half the patients dying within the first year of diagnosis in spite of the best clinical treatments.1

Non-small cell lung cancer includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. It accounts for 75-80% of all new patients; the remaining are small cell carcinomas. Of all …
Relative Sensitivity of Tc-99m WBC Versus In-111 WBC in a Patient With Crohn's Disease on Steroids
Authors: KENNETH P. LYONS, SUDHA CHALLA, PETER BROEKELSCHEN, NORAH MILNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Numerous studies have shown that chemotaxis is affected by certain antibiotics and steroids. A patient had Crohn's disease in relapse with multiple small bowel fistulae and mesenteric abscesses. Although the Tc-99m WBC scan did not show the intra-abdominal inflammatory foci, an In-111 WBC scan performed within a week delineated the abscesses and these were later confirmed at surgery. This case is being presented not only to show the relative sensitivities of a Tc-99m WBC vs. an In-111 WBC scan, but also to discuss the impediment to polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by steroids, which may be a contributory factor to the sensitivities of the different radiopharmaceuticals selected for detection of intra-abdominal septic foci.
Abstract S3-3: First Results of the NeoALTTO Trial (BIG 01-06/EGF 106903): A Phase III, Randomized, Open Label, Neoadjuvant Study of Lapatinib, Trastuzumab, and Their Combination Plus Paclitaxel in Women with HER2-Positive Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: J Baselga, I Bradbury, H Eidtmann, S Di Cosimo, C Aura, E De Azambuja, H Gomez, P Dinh, K Fauria, V Van Dooren, P Paoletti, A Goldhirsch, T-W Chang, I Lang, M Untch, RD Gelber, M Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The addition of trastuzumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has significantly improved pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (BC). Lapatinib, a dual HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, combined with chemotherapy has significantly improved progression free survival in patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC. Additionally, lapatinib combined with trastuzumab improved disease-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC. The NeoALTTO trial is testing the efficacy of lapatinib, trastuzumab or their combination together with paclitaxel when given as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-positive BC. Material and Methods: NeoALTTO is an international, multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy of lapatinib plus paclitaxel, versus trastuzumab plus paclitaxel, versus concomitant lapatinib and trastuzumab plus paclitaxel given as neoadjuvant treatment in HER2- positive primary BC. From January, 2008, to December, 2009, 455 patients were randomized from 99 participating sites. Patients were randomized to receive either lapatinib 1500 mg/d (154 pts), or trastuzumab 4 mg/kg IV loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg IV weekly (149 pts), or lapatinib 1000 mg/d with trastuzumab for a total of 6 weeks (152 pts). After this biological window, patients continued on the same targeted therapy plus weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 for a further 12 weeks, until definitive surgery (total neoadjuvant therapy duration of 18 weeks). After surgery, patients received 3 cycles of adjuvant FEC followed by the same targeted therapy as in the biological window of the neoadjuvant phase for a further 34 weeks (to complete 52 weeks of anti-HER2 therapy). The primary objective of the study is to evaluate and compare among the three arms the rate of pCR, defined as the absence of invasive cancer in the breast at the time of surgery. Secondary objectives include objective response rate, safety, pathologic node-negative status, rate of conversion to breast conservation, disease-free survival and overall survival. All patients underwent tumor biopsies for comparative pharmacodynamic analyses before beginning therapy and on day 15 of the biological therapy window. A subset of patients also participated in PET/CT and circulating tumor cells substudies. Results: The last breast surgery was performed in May 2010. Data cleaning and analysis will be complete by November 2010 and results for safety and the primary objective (pCR) of this important phase III trial will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-3.
Efficacy of Combined Inspiratory Intercostal and Expiratory Muscle Pacing to Maintain Artificial Ventilation
Authors: ANTHONY F. DiMARCO, JAROSLAW R. ROMANIUK, KRZYSZTOF E. KOWALSKI, GERALD S. SUPINSKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Many patients with ventilator-dependent quadriplegia have coincident phrenic nerve injury and therefore cannot be offered phrenic nerve pacing. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of combined inspiratory intercostal and expiratory muscle pacing to provide complete ventilatory support. Studies were performed in 15 anesthetized dogs. An electrode was positioned on the epidural surface of the upper thoracic spinal cord to activate the inspiratory intercostal muscles; a separate electrode was positioned on the epidural surface of the lower thoracic spinal cord to activate the expiratory muscles. In an attempt to replicate the effects of inspiratory intercostal pacing alone in humans, stimulus parameters during upper thoracic spinal cord stimulation were adjusted to provide suboptimal levels of ventilation (end-tidal PCO2 of 55 to 60 mm Hg). Expiratory muscle activation was triggered electrically by the inspiratory signal with a 4.2-s delay resulting in alternate inspiratory and expiratory muscle pacing at a combined rate of 14 breaths/min. Combined pacing was maintained for an arbitrary period of 3 h. Initial intercostal muscle pacing alone resulted in an end-tidal PCO2 of 57.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg. After the addition of expiratory muscle pacing, end-tidal PCO2 fell to 36.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg. Tidal volume during both inspiratory and expiratory muscle pacing and end-tidal PCO2 remained stable throughout the study period. Our results suggest that combined alternate inspiratory and expiratory muscle pacing may be a viable alternative method of artificial ventilation in ventilator-dependent quadriplegic patients.
Abstract 4907: Methylated cell-free DNA in plasma as an early biomarker of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kathy A. Mangold, Ashley Amick, Vivien Wang, MaryAnn Regner, Catherine Krafft, Hongyan Du, Randall E. Brand, Karen L. Kaul
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Presently there is an urgent need for better biomarkers for early pancreatic cancer (PaCa) diagnosis. Hypermethylation of several genes is known to correlate with presence of neoplasia in pancreatic tissue, and tumor DNA is known to be present in bodily fluids. With this background, we wanted to develop and validate a panel of methylated gene markers that would provide clinically relevant information when applied to plasma from those undergoing diagnostic procedures for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Cell-free DNA was extracted from plasma obtained from 11 PaCa patients, 15 pancreatitis patients and 15 unaffected age-matched controls using either the automated EZ-1 (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) or the manual Charge Switch (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) methods. The DNA was bisulfite treated using EZ DNA Methylation-Gold (Zymo Research, Orange, CA) then analyzed using a panel of quantitative real-time PCR assays to discriminate the methylated C or T that exists after bisulfite conversion, and normalizing the signal to the amplification level of a housekeeping gene (Col2A) to assess methylation of status of 13 genes known to be differentially methylated in pancreatic tissues. Several different combinations of 6 methylated gene markers (3-OST-2, ARF/p14, FOXE1, CDKN2/p16, ppENK, and RASSF1A) showed good discrimination between the 3 groups of patients to warrant further study with an additional 53 plasma specimens (from 21 PaCa patients, 17 pancreatitis patients, and 15 unaffected controls). Receiver operator curves were generated to examine the predictive probability between marker methylation and disease, and reliability of the regression model was evaluated by using the Hosmer-Leme show goodness-of-fit test. Results: Statistical analysis of the 6 methylated gene markers for all 94 plasma specimens yielded an AUC of 0.638 (95% CI: 0.50-0.78) to differentiate PaCa from pancreatitis, and the goodness-of-fit for the model was good (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cell-free DNA extracted from plasma is an appropriate sample for the study of gene methylation in PaCa. We utilized real-time assays to detect methylation in 6 target genes and found a good correlation between the methylation status of genes and the presence of PaCa. Further studies are needed to define the clinical utility of this approach. Funding was provided by a grant from the American Cancer Society - Illinois Division (#07-06) and by funds from the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at NorthShore. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4907.
Aspirin Treatment in Polycythemia
Authors: N. Stuart Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Drs. Joel M. Levin and Terry L. Ostrowski (229:186, 1974) was of great interest. I have been treating a 44-year-old man since 1969 for coronary insufficiency complicated by polycythemia vera. Cine arteriography revealed diffuse segmental disease throughout the right coronary artery, and the anterior descending branch was narrowed by 50%. Interestingly enough, he knew when he needed a phlebotomy, as evidenced by increasing anginal pain at times when his hemoglobin levels were 20.0 gm/100 ml or more. Phlebotomy invariably improved his chest pain. Due to his added coronary artery disease, he was given dipyridamole for a period of two months to decrease platelet adhesiveness and forestall possible thrombotic episodes. However, he still complained of anginal pain and required further phlebotomy. On Jan 8, 1972, he was given two tablets daily, each containing 500 mg of aspirin plus buffering agents. He has become free of
Peritonitis prevented in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis by using the Hong Kong connection.
Authors: R D Clark
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Based on the hypothesis that air contamination is an important cause of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, a simple and cheap connection system was developed whereby a clear polyethylene bag containing an antiseptic gauze was used as a sterilising chamber, effectively enclosing the connection procedure. Seven modifications to the connection technique were introduced over 32 months in 28 patients during 27.9 patient years of experience. The overall rate of peritonitis was 0.6 episode/patient year, but after a final modification at the beginning of the third year the rate fell to 0.17, without a single case of peritonitis occurring attributable to a connection failure in 11.5 patient years. These findings show that in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis may be prevented by enclosing the connection process and sterilising the introduced air and tubing ends.
Endoscopy of the Whole Small Intestine: Preliminary Communication
Authors: P. Deyhle, S. Jenny, J. Fumagalli, E. Linder, R. Ammann
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

With the help of a transintestinal tube the Olympus colonoscope type FC-LB has been introduced per-oral and was pulled down the small intestine in 2 patients with gastrointestinal blood loss of undetermined origin. In one patient we reached the ileum, in the second patient the cecum. Thus the whole small bowel is now accessible to endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy.
P21-Activated Protein Kinase Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Enhances Cancer Metastasis Involving c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Activation and Paxillin Phosphorylation
Authors: Yick-Pang Ching, Veronica Y.L. Leong, Man-Fong Lee, Hai-Tao Xu, Dong-Yan Jin, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major malignancies in the world. The prognosis of HCC is poor, due to frequent intrahepatic metastasis and tumor recurrence. P21-activated protein kinase (Pak1), a main downstream effector of small Rho GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, plays an important role in the regulation of cell morphogenesis, motility, mitosis, and angiogenesis. Here, we show that Pak1 gene was overexpressed in human HCCs. Overexpression of Pak1 in human HCCs was associated with more aggressive tumor behavior in terms of more metastatic phenotype and more advanced tumor stages. In addition, HCC cell line stably expressing Pak1 displayed increased cell motility rates and, conversely, knockdown of endogenous Pak1 expression by small interfering RNA reduced the migration rates of HCC cells. In an established metastatic HCC cell line, we found that Pak1 was overexpressed compared with its primary HCC cell line and this overexpression was associated with higher cell motility. Importantly, we found that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated in HCC cell lines overexpressing Pak1. Inhibition of the JNK activity by chemical inhibitor significantly reduced the migration rates of HCC cells via attenuation of paxillin phosphorylation at Ser178. In conclusion, our results document that Pak1 is overexpressed in HCCs and plays an important role in the metastasis of HCC. The mechanism by which Pak1 induces cancer metastasis may involve activation of JNK and phosphorylation of paxillin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3601–8]