tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential Intravesical Mitomycin plus Bacillus Calmette–Guérin for Non–Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma: Translational and Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Robert S. Svatek, Xiang Ru. Zhao, Edwin E. Morales, Mithilesh K. Jha, Timothy Y. Tseng, Cory M. Hugen, Vincent Hurez, Javier Hernandez, Tyler J. Curiel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

To determine the safety and toxicities of sequential MMC (mitomycin C) + BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and explore evidence for potentiation of BCG activity by MMC.A 3 + 3 phase I dose-escalation trial of six weekly treatments was conducted in patients with NMIBC. MMC (10, 20, or 40 mg) was instilled intravesically for 30 minutes, followed by a 10-minute washout with gentle saline irrigation and then instillation of BCG (half or full strength) for 2 hours. Urine cytokines were monitored and compared with levels in a control cohort receiving BCG only. Murine experiments were carried out as described previously.Twelve patients completed therapy, including 3 patients receiving full doses. The regimen was well tolerated with no treatment-related dose-limiting toxicities. Urinary frequency and urgency, and fatigue were common. Eleven (91.7%) patients were free of disease at a mean (range) follow-up of 21.4 (8.4-27.0) months. Median posttreatment urine concentrations of IL2, IL8, IL10, and TNFα increased over the 6-week treatment period. A greater increase in posttreatment urinary IL8 during the 6-week period was observed in patients receiving MMC + BCG compared with patients receiving BCG monotherapy. In mice, intravesical MMC + BCG skewed tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) toward a beneficial M1 phenotype.Instillation of sequential MMC + BCG is safe tolerable up to 40-mg MMC plus full-strength BCG. This approach could provide improved antitumor activity over BCG monotherapy by augmenting beneficial M1 TAMs.
Contribution of antiferritin antibodies to diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Alexis Régent, Kim Heang Ly, Aurélie Blet, Christian Agard, Xavier Puéchal, Nicolas Tamas, Claire Le-Jeunne, Elisabeth Vidal, Loïc Guillevin, Luc Mouthon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Establishing the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) may be challenging. In the absence of validated biological marker1 and despite imaging technique contribution,2 the diagnosis of GCA currently relies on temporal artery biopsy (TAB). Autoantibodies have been identified in GCA3–6 and recently, Baerlecken et al 7 detected IgG antibodies directed against a peptide of the human ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) in 92% of untreated GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica at first diagnosis versus 1% of healthy controls (HC).

In order to evaluate the diagnosis value of these antibodies, we tested sera from 122 consecutive patients suspected of GCA at the time of TAB. Based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria,8 40 patients had biopsy-proven GCA (TAB+GCA), 29 patients had biopsy-negative GCA (TAB−GCA), 47 patients received another diagnosis than GCA (GCA controls) and 6 patients had polymyalgia rheumatica (collection dc-2010–1079). Sera from 40 healthy blood donors were used as HCs. All patients and controls gave signed informed consent. The study was approved by the ethics …
ABC of transfusion. Infectious complications of blood transfusion: viruses.
Authors: J A Barbara, M Contreras
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Most of the transfusion transmitted complications are caused by viral infections, several of which are currently arousing Viruses transmissible by blood transfusion considerable public and medical interest.Plasma borne viruses Cell associated viruses Effective antiviral agents are still not yet available * Hepatitis B and delta agent * Cytomnegalovirus to treat most viral infections, so the safety of * Hepatitis A (rarely) * Epstein-Barr virus (more than blood and blood components has to rely solely on * Non-A, non-B hepatitis (one 95% of adults are immune) "self exclusion" by potential donors who are at agent of which is hepatitis C) * HTLV-1 (causes human T cell risk of contracting viruses that are transmissible * ?Other hepatitis viruses leukaemia and tropical spastic * Serum parvovirus B19paraparesis) by transfusion (often transmitted sexually or by * Serum parvovirus B19 paraparesis) * HIV-1 and HIV-11 * HTLV-11 (clinical relevance not -drug misuse) and on laboratory screening for(also cellular) clear; may be more common evidence of microbial infection.So far than HTLV-1 in the West) inactivation methods are only available for certain products made from pooled plasma.This is a brief review of the range of viruses that are transmitted by transfusion and their properties.Hepatitis B virus | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H Heptitis B-turface antigen Hepatitis B core antigen 27nm ]SO 0 1~~~( -) ~~~~~~~~1 8-22 nm 42 nm :8 i)Large, infective "Dane" particle Hepatitis B virus particles (a) electron micrograph and (b) diagram.
Blockerette-Ligated Capture T7-Amplified RT-PCR, a New Method for Determining Flanking Sequences
Authors: Todd Lenvik, Troy C. Lund, Catherine M. Verfaillie
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

We have developed a highly sensitive PCR-based technique termed blockerette-ligated capture T7-amplified reverse-transcription PCR (BCT-RT-PCR), which can be used to characterize unknown proviral flanking sequences from a broad range of samples and depends only on knowing the retroviral sequence. This method incorporates several essential elements to make it both sensitive and specific, including a "blockerette" linker, magnetic capture of target sequences, and exponential replication of potentially rare sequences using a nested promoter for T7 RNA polymerase, followed by nested RT-PCR. This linkage of methods was designed to increase sensitivity by decreasing DNA complexity in favor of specific amplification. The resulting PCR products can be directly sequenced to determine integration sequences. We have successfully determined the integration sequences from as little as 30 pg of provirus-containing DNA in the background of 30 ng of untransduced DNA, representing a 0.1% transduction rate. We also show this technique to have single-cell resolution even in the background of 5000 cells. We describe here for the first time the combined use of BCT-RT-PCR and laser-capture microscopy (LCM) for precise isolation of retrovirally transduced cells followed by determination of the 3′ retroviral flanking sequence at the single-cell level. This method will aid significantly in determining clonality both in transplant experiments and in the generation of clonal cell populations.
Clinicopathology conferences: Inflammation-induced cholestasis
Authors: James M. Crawford, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Intrahepatic cholestasis may arise from many sources, and it therefore presents a particular challenge when it develops in the seriously ill patient.A 54-year-old patient with a myeloproliferative disorder is presented, who developed jaundice in the setting of a severe decubital infection, polypharmacology, multiple blood transfusions for anemia, renal insufficiency, parenteral alimentation, and a history of long-standing alcohol abuse, a positive purified protein derivative, and recent biopsy-proven laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.The thesis is advanced that many insults may cause local and systemic activation of the inflammatory cytokine system, and that these proinflammatory events are potent inducers of intrahepatic cholestasis. CASE HISTORYA 54-year-old male civil engineer was admitted with a 1-month history of headaches, fever, sore throat, sinusitis, myalgias, and general malaise.He had a long history of heavy drinking (up to 0.5 pints of liquor per day) and heavy smoking (Ͼ100 pack years), extending up to the time of his admission.He was known to be purified protein derivativepositive.On admission, he was a well-developed 83-kg white male with hoarseness, a temperature of 100°F, orthostatic hypotension, and 2ϩ pitting edema to his mid-calves.There was no hepatosplenomegaly.A chest roentgenogram showed mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with no evidence of active tuberculosis.His hematocrit was 35.7%, and the peripheral white blood cell count was 22,000/mm 3 with 2% myeloblasts.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 126 mm/h.His serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase was 25 IU/L (normal, 5-40 IU/L), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase was 13 IU/L (normal, 5-40 IU/L), serum alkaline phosphatase was 95 IU/L (normal, 35-125 IU/L), serum lactate dehydrogenase was 230 IU/L (normal, 20-200 IU/L), serum total bilirubin was 0.5 mg/dL (normal, Ͻ1.0 mg/dL), and serum albumin was 2.3 g/dL (normal, 3.5-5.5 g/dL).Viral serologies were negative for hepatitis A and hepatitis B (this case antedated hepatitis C testing).A bone marrow aspirate
Hydrothermal synthesis of NaLuF4:153Sm,Yb,Tm nanoparticles and their application in dual-modality upconversion luminescence and SPECT bioimaging
Authors: Yang Yang, Yun Sun, Tianye Cao, Juanjuan Peng, Ying Liu, Yongquan Wu, Wei Feng, Yingjian Zhang, Fuyou Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
An Educational Cartoon Accelerates Amblyopia Therapy and Improves Compliance, Especially among Children of Immigrants
Authors: Angela M. Tjiam, Gerdien Holtslag, Elizabet Vukovic, Wijnanda L. Asjes-Tydeman, Sjoukje E. Loudon, Gerard J.J.M. Borsboom, Harry J. de Koning, Huibert J. Simonsz
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
TCTAP A-001 Outcomes of 6 Months Versus 12 Months Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Implantation of Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus or Durable Polymer Zotarolimus-eluting Stents: OPTIMTCTAP A-C Study and Optical Coherence Tomography Sub-study
Authors: Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Tae Soo Kang, Young Won Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, Bum-Kee Hong, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Woong Chol Kang, Byung Ok Kim, Dong Woon Jeon, Yong Hoon Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Clinical Genetics—An Overview.
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Clinical Genetics—An Overview.Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-844_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNew developments in the areas of diagnosis, prognosis (that is, genetic counseling), treatment, and prevention in medical genetics are presented. These include appreciation of the importance of genetic heterogeneity, prenatal diagnosis, indicators of susceptibility to disease, and prospects for new forms of treatment of genetic defects. Ten frequent misconceptions in clinical genetics are reviewed.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 844-844KeywordsClinical geneticsGenetic counselingGenetic diseasesGenetic predispositionMedical geneticsPrenatal diagnosis Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pharmaceutically Less and Holistically More
Authors: Abhijit Kanti Dam, Nivedita Datta, Usha Rani Mohanty, Priya Khanna
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

WOMAN HAD ADVANCED malignant disease of the left scapula and shoulder joint and a large ulcerated mass in the axilla that bled frequently.She had received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with the last treatment being given 14 months previously.She lived in a village in a tribal state of India and belonged to the lower socioeconomic class.Her health expenses were being paid by her son, who was the only wage-earning member in a large family of 16 members.Our team received a call because she was experiencing pain.She was taking a combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol given 3 times daily, along with oral ranitidine given twice daily.We found her reclining on her khatia (a local bed made of a bamboo frame and coconut rope) and gazing contently at her garden.She had a calm look about her and outwardly did not seem to be in pain.Her daughter-in-law was fussing around her, trying to make her comfortable.As is customary in India, we greeted her with respect and sat down on the ground, cross-legged beside her khatia.We addressed her as "mata ji" (respected mother) and proceeded to introduce ourselves and asked what was bothering her.She said that her pain was getting unbearable and she could not sleep at night.She proceeded to clarify, however, that she had accepted her fate, it was a result of her karma (past deeds), and that she had no regrets about it.Her main concern was that she could no longer tend to her garden, which she had so painstakingly tended, often guarding it ferociously from the attacks of hordes of monkeys . . .her eyes misted over as she stared out lovingly at her garden from her porch.She then turned and asked her daughter-in-law to get us some tea and light up her chillum (a local pipe made of clay to smoke tobacco).Smoking her chillum with a
REPEATED SMALL HEMORRHAGES AS A CAUSE OF SEVERE ANEMIA.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1902)

That recovery may rapidly follow a severe acute hemorrhage is well known. Even repeated severe hemorrhages may cause no permanent deviation from health, if the intervals between hemorrhages be sufficiently long to permit regeneration of blood to take place. The body may also stand repeated small losses of blood at shorter, even daily, intervals, with little or no perceptible change in the blood or in the performance of function on the part of any organ. Repeated hemorrhages from the nose, from hemorrhoids, from uterine fibroids may thus be endured for months or for years, the tolerance of the individual to the loss of blood and his power of blood regeneration being sufficient to withstand and make up for the daily drain. But in other instances, the daily loss of small amounts of blood produces the most severe and even fatal forms of anemia. It is my purpose in this brief
Evolution of Corrective Surgery for Ebstein's Anomaly
Authors: C. WALTON LILLEHEI, B. R. KALKE, ROBERT G. CARLSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Experience with eight cases admitted to the University of Minnesota Medical Center for surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly is presented. Correction by excision of the malformed and malpositioned tricuspid valve with prosthetic valve replacement is advocated as the procedure of choice. Some patients probably need a temporary avenue for right-to-left shunting at the atrial level until the atrialized right ventricle can achieve competence. None of the three patients with significant arrhythmias preoperatively has experienced this difficulty to date, after valve replacement.
At the Christmas party
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Welcome to the BMJ ’s Christmas party. Back after a few years’ absence are the orthopaedic surgeons—boy were those guys animals in the old days ( BMJ 1988;297:1638-9). Now they’re flexing their muscles while attempting erudite jokes at the expense of the anaesthetists (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7506). One of these turns on the difference between a joist and a girder (punchline: Joyce wrote Ulysses , Goethe wrote Faust) .

James Joyce clearly doesn’t get the joke, but he says it’s given him an idea. Anything to take his mind off his new glasses (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7464). Perhaps he can be coaxed into talking with the dead of Ambridge (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7518), who are hunched over the hostess trolley, picking Jellyatrics (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7447) out of the icecream.

The other Irishman at the party is in a bad way (doi:10.1136/bmj.d7597 …
Tony Blair launches radical NHS plan for England
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Prime Minister Tony Blair has launched a reform programme for the NHS in England that he believes will once again make it “the healthcare system the world most envies.”

The plan proposes changes to consultants' and GPs' contracts; promises more doctors and nurses; sets targets for waiting times for treatment; recommends a concordat between the NHS and the private sector; and aims to reduce inequalities.

Tony Blair criticised consultants' and GPs' contracts, which he said were “outdated and inflexible.” The government has ruled out “buying out” consultants in private practice, which it estimated would cost at least £700m ($1050m). Instead, newly qualified consultants will be contracted to work exclusively for the NHS for “perhaps the first seven years” of their career, providing eight fixed sessions and more of the out of hours service.

The right to undertake private practice will depend on fulfilling job plans and NHS service requirements. If agreement cannot be reached on these changes the government says that …
THE EFFECT OF ACIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ACUTE GASTRIC ULCERS
Authors: Julius Friedenwald, Maurice Feldman, Samuel Morrison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Although other investigators have attempted to demonstrate that histamine has the power of producing acute ulcers when injected locally into the stomach wall, our experiments show clearly that this is a very inconstant finding for, of six instances, we were only able to obtain a small healed mucosal ulcer in one. Even when dilute acid (0.3 per cent hydrochloric acid) was fed to these animals they did not develop ulcers or erosions. It has also been stated that histamine, given subcutaneously, may produce ulcers secondarily to oversecretion of acid, especially when at the same time histamine has been injected into the stomach wall. We have been unable to confirm this observation. In our series of experiments on dogs which were observed over a varying period of time ranging from 4 to 95 days we utilized other substances in addition to histamine. After establishing controls, sterile water, normal saline, 50 per cent glucose, skimmed milk, whole milk, omnadin, lipiodol, bismuth subcarbonate, pituitrin (S.), activin, histamine, adrenalin and insulin were injected into the muscular coat of the stomach and it was found that such procedures rarely produced any definite changes in the stomach mucosa even when supplemented by the feeding of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.3 per cent hydrochloric acid). We were able to demonstrate conclusively that the trauma involved in our operative procedure could not in itself account for any of the pathological findings. We were also able to show that the pressure due to the injected materials did not produce erosions or ulcerations. The injections of acids produced varying results. Diluted acid (0.3 per cent) injected into the stomach wall gave almost uniformly negative results but when combined with the feeding of acid of equal strength erosions were occasionally produced. Our results with 0.5 per cent hydrochloric add were also inconstant. The 1 per cent hydrochloric acid produced, in many instances, definite ulcerations even when not accompanied by the feeding of acid.
Scottish government is forced to consider alternatives to minimum alcohol price
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Scottish government will have to consider alternatives to its proposed minimum price on a unit of alcohol after an all party summit failed to reach agreement on proposed alcohol legislation earlier this week.

The Scottish government is proposing a minimum price on a unit of alcohol as the most effective way to tackle the country’s problem drinking, but the opposition parties, who together have a majority, are opposed to it.

At the meeting at Holyrood the health secretary, Nicola Sturgeon, suggested a compromise to the proposed Alcohol Bill by offering to insert a “sunset clause” into the legislation. This would allow minimum pricing …
Extracorporeal CO2-removal with a heparin coated artificial lung
Authors: J. Peters, P. Radermacher, M. E. Kuntz, K. A. Rosenbauer, M. Breulmann, K. F. Bürrig, H. B. Hopf, R. Rossaint, H. D. Schulte, P. Olsson, K. J. Falke
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1988)
The multiple-indicator dilution technique for characterization of normal and retrograde flow in once-through rat liver perfusions†
Authors: Marie V. St-Pierre, Andreas J. Schwab, Carl A. Goresky, Wai-Fong Lee, Sandy K. Pang
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The technique of normal and retrograde rat liver perfusion has been widely used to probe zonal differences in drug-metabolizing activities. The validity of this approach mandates the same tissue spaces being accessed by substrates during both normal and retrograde perfusions. Using the multiple-indicator dilution technique, we presently examine the extent to which retrograde perfusion alters the spaces accessible to noneliminated references. A bolus does of 51 Cr-labeled red blood cells, 125 I-albumin, 14 C-sucrose and 3 H 2 O was injected into the portal (normal) or hepatic (retrograde) vein of rat livers perfused at 10 ml per min per liver. The outflow perfusate was serially collected over 220 sec to characterize the transit times and the distribution spaces of the labels. During retrograde perfusion, red blood cells, albumin and sucrose profiles peaked later and lower than during normal perfusion, whereas the water curves were similar. The transit times of red blood cells, albumin and sucrose were longer (p&lt;0.005), whereas those for water did not change. Consequently, retrograde flow resulted in significantly larger sinusoidal blood volumes (45%), albumin Disse space (42%) and sucrose Disse space (25%) than during normal flow, whereas the distribution spaces for total and intracellular water remained unaltered. The distension of the vascular tree was confirmed by electron microscopy, by which occasional isolated foci of widened intercellular recesses and spaces of Disse were observed. Cellular ultrastructure was otherwise unchanged, and there was no difference found between normal and retrograde perfusion for bile flow rates, AST release, perfusion pressure, oxygen consumption and metabolic removal of ethanol, a substrate with flow-limited distribution, which equilibrates rapidly with cell water (hepatic extraction ratios were virtually identical: normal vs. retrograde, 0.50 vs. 0.48 at 6 to 7.4 m M input concentration). These findings suggest that the functional and metabolic capacities of the liver remain unperturbed during retrograde perfusion, rendering the technique suitable for the investigation of zonal differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Postexposure Rabies Prophylaxis With Human Rabies Immune Globulin
Authors: Michael A. W. Hattwick
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) was given in doses of 10,15, and 40 international units (IU)/kg of body weight to groups of volunteers. It was administered alone and in combination with 16 or 23 injections of duck embryo rabies vaccine (DEV). Administration of HRIG resulted in the early appearance of antibody but inhibited the development of active antibody in all groups receiving DEV. Forty-six percent of persons receiving HRIG at 40 IU/kg and 16 doses of DEV had serum rabies-neutralizing antibody titers of less than 1:5 at 70 days. This immunosuppression was overcome in the groups receiving 23 doses of DEV. Based on these data, post-exposure rabies prophylaxis series should consist of HRIG between 15 and 40 IU/kg plus a 23-dose course of DEV.
The HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid exhibit multiple modalities of benefit for the vascular pathobiology of sickle transgenic mice
Authors: Robert P. Hebbel, Gregory M. Vercellotti, Betty S. Pace, Anna N. Solovey, Rahn Kollander, Chine F. Abanonu, Julia Nguyen, Julie V. Vineyard, John D. Belcher, Fuad Abdulla, Shadé Osifuye, John W. Eaton, Robert J. Kelm, Arne Slungaard
Journal: Blood (2010)
The role of low levels of fullerene C60 nanocrystals on enhanced learning and memory of rats through persistent CaMKII activation
Authors: Liang Chen, Yanyan Miao, Lin Chen, Jing Xu, Xinxing Wang, Han Zhao, Yi Shen, Yi Hu, Yunpeng Bian, Yuanyuan Shen, Jutao Chen, Yingying Zha, Long-Ping Wen, Ming Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)