tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors condemn use of drugs as weapons
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Drugs can never be used safely to enforce the law, say doctors in a report published this week by the BMA.

The report highlights the increasing interest among some governments in the use of “tactical pharmacology” or “non-lethal” drugs as weapons. Doctors need to be aware that using medical knowledge for hostile purposes puts human lives at risk and aware of the ethical implications of taking part in developing drugs for non-medical purposes, as well as antidotes and treatments for victims of chemical law enforcement, it says.

The report concludes, “The agent whereby people could be incapacitated without risk of death …
The Measles Rubella Confusion Continues
Authors: Philip M. Stimson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In the George X. Trimble, MD, Critique and Cavil (JAMA192:645 [May 17] 1965) it is said that Deliberate exposure to  has been recommended on a number of occasions in the literature. I would wager that it was not recommended in any of the three articles to which reference is given. Rubella, sometimes with confusion called German measles, rose measles, bastard measles, has no virological or immunological connection to  and usually no appreciable clinical resemblance. Also, I am confident no true measles party is ever planned, as was suggested in Dr. Trimble's last line.  The lay press frequently confuses rubella with measles; the augustJAMAshould not make this mistake.
Type 1 Interferon (IFNα/β) and Type 2 Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulate the Innate Immune Response to a Protozoan Parasite
Authors: Andreas Diefenbach, Heike Schindler, Norbert Donhauser, Elke Lorenz, Tamás Laskay, John MacMicking, Martin Röllinghoff, Ion Gresser, Christian Bogdan
Journal: Immunity (1998)

Type 2 nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is required for the Th1-dependent healing of infections with intracellular microbes, including Leishmania major. Here, we demonstrate the expression and define the function of NOS2 during the innate response to L. major. At day 1 of infection, genetic deletion or functional inactivation of NOS2 abolished the IFNγ and natural killer cell response, increased the expression of TGFβ, and caused parasite spreading from the skin and lymph node to the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lung. Induction of NOS2 was dependent on IFNα/β. Neutralization of IFNα/β mimicked the phenotype of NOS2−/− mice. Thus, IFNα/β and NOS2 are critical regulators of the innate response to L. major.
Immune evasion strategies of neuroendocrine-like Enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Jennifer L Bishop, Barinder Sangha, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Treatment with Enzalutamide (ENZ) prolongs survival in patients with incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the rapid recurrence of ENZ resistant tumors and the increased incidence of lethal neuroendocrine cancers in CRPC patients underscore the need for
Adieu, Le Premier Club du Vin
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: JAMA (1987)

There is on earth no body more prestigious than Boston's Le Premier Club du Vin. You may trot out the College of Cardinals, perhaps, or the San Francisco Bar when Belli shows up, and for color and pomp you might have something. But for sorting out Sauternes, Boston's Best has no peer. (The price of membership included no small amount of groveling on my part, I might add.)  Why, then, after ten memorable years of Mouton, Musigny, and Montrachet are they disbanding? Why indeed! Why do you need proof of a recent stress test to see the adult shows at the county fair? Why are small New England villages disincorporating and turning into parking lots, lobstermen selling the family boat, riding academies turning the Morgans out to pasture, obstetricians sending their kids to vet school? Why? Liability insurance premiums, of course. Faced with a jump from $4000 per year to
The dynamical hypothesis: One battle behind
Authors: Robert M. French, Elizabeth Thomas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

What new implications does the dynamical hypothesis have for cognitive science? The short answer is: none. The target article is basically an attack on traditional symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) and differs very little from prior connectionist criticisms of it. For the past 10 years, the connectionist community has been well aware of the necessity of using (and understanding) dynamically evolving, recurrent network models of cognition.
The DDT Muddlement
Authors: Robert M. Clyne
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the editor.—</h3> In the editorial "The DDT Muddlement" (<b>212</b>:1058, 1970) there are a few statements which are misleading and, therefore, are deserving of clarification. Reference is made to the organophosphate insecticides as a class of compounds which are highly toxic to humans. While it is true that many members of this particular class of compounds are highly toxic, some are only slightly or moderately so. An outstanding example of this is malathion, which in the eyes of many is probably the safest organophosphate known and which has been used for many years without untoward incident. For example, in August of 1966, some 800 sq miles covering 26 Dallas County, Texas, communities were treated at a rate of 3 fl oz of 95% malathion per acre over large urban areas to control the mosquito vectors of encephalitis. In 1966, an aggregate of some 3,600,000 acres in south Texas were
Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Studies by echocardiography and necropsy show that, with rare exception, all patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) have a ventricular septum that is disproportionately hypertrophied compared with the posterobasal left ventricular free wall. This anatomic defect, genetically transmitted as an autosomal, dominant trait, occurs regardless of the presence or absence of obstruction to left ventricular outflow. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy therefore seems to be an appropriate name for this entity, which is a relatively common disease (the nonobstructive form predominates) that often masquerades as other cardiac disorders. Histologically, the genetic defect is manifested by disordered cardiac architecture characterized by hypertrophied, bizarrely shaped, disorganized myocardial cells. These cells are present in the ventricular septum of all patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and they are distributed widely throughout the left ventricle in symptomatic patients without left ventricular outflow obstruction but are confined largely to the septum in patients with obstruction. Implications of these findings relative to the clinical, therapeutic, and pathophysiologic spectrum of the disease are developed.
1003 THE EVOLVING CLINICAL SCENARIO OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS IN ITALY
Authors: V. Santi, D. Buccione, G. Fatti, A. Di Micoli, M. Frigerio, A. Grignaschi, F. Farinati, P. Del Poggio, G. Rapaccini, M.A. Di Nolfo, L. Benvegnù, M. Zoli, F. Borzio, E.G. Giannini, E. Caturelli, M. Chiaramonte, M. Bernardi, F. Trevisani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying the novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene variants blaSHV-40, blaTEM-116 and the class 1 integronassociated blaGES-7 in Brazil
Authors: M. Dropa, L.C. Balsalobre, N. Lincopan, E.M. Mamizuka, V.C. Cassettari, G.R. Matté, M.H. Matté
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
False-positive Tests for Syphilis Revisited
Authors: George W. Waring
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ALMOST simultaneously two important journals have called editorial attention to the limitations of the stress ECG in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.<sup>1,2</sup>It is said that there are excessive numbers of false-positive tests in patients at low risk of disease and false-negatives in those at high risk. Both discussions invoke a concept from probability theory known as Bayes' theorem, which one writer explicitly advises the clinician to master. <h3>False-positive Tests for Syphilis</h3> The issue is reminiscent of what was called "the false-positive problem" in syphilis about which much was written 30 years ago. This article briefly reviews that subject, a matter of historic interest, since the Wassermann test and its modifications were the first important tests acknowledged to possess an inherent tendency to false reactivity. It also furnishes an instructive example of the connection between the value of a test and the prevalence of the disease sought, which
USE OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS VARIES ACCORDING TO TYPE OF HEALTH INSURANCE
Authors: Michael Angelo Gaglia, Rebecca Torguson, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Zhenyi Xue, Itsik Ben-Dor, Sara D. Collins, Asimir I. Syed, Gabriel Maluenda, Cedric Delhaye, Kohei Wakabayashi, Nicholas Hanna, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Diagnostic value of serum apolipoprotein A-1 (APO A-1), lahinin (LA) and PIIIP for the diagnosis of fibrosis in drinkers
Authors: P. Bedossa, T. Poynard, A. Abella, F. Paraf, S. Naveau, G. Lemaiqre, JC. Chaput
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Polypharmacy: a necessary evil
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We provide a case report of a 58-year-old man who presented with a ruptured fusiform dissecting aneurysm located at the junction of the vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Due to the lesion's complexity, a two-step approach was planned for revascularisation of PICA using the occipital artery (OA) prior to coiling embolisation. An end-to-side OA–PICA bypass was performed with implantation at the caudal loop of the p3 PICA segment. Fifteen days after the procedure, the aneurysm underwent stent-assisted coiling for successful obliteration of the aneurysm. The patient tolerated this procedure well and now at 1.5 years of follow-up remains free from any neurological deficits (modified Rankin Score 0). This case report illustrates one of the unique scenarios where both the vascular territory involved and morphological features of the aneurysm prohibited the use of more conventional means, necessitating the use of an arterial bypass graft for successful treatment of this lesion. As open vascular surgery is becoming less common in the age of endovascular coiling, our article uniquely reports on the combined use of both endovascular and microsurgical techniques to treat a complex aneurysm of the posterior circulation.
Abstract 5614: Associations of common variants at 1p11.2 and 14q24.1 <i>(RAD51L1)</i> with breast cancer risk and heterogeneity by tumor subtype: Findings from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Jonine D. Figueroa, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Douglas Easton, Amanda Spurdle
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A recent genome-wide association study identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 1p11.2 and 14q24.1 (RAD51L1) as markers of susceptibility for breast cancer. Using case-control studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), we sought to estimate more precisely the breast cancer risk associated with these loci, and investigate if these risks differ by breast tumor characteristics. Analyses included genotyping data from rs11249433 (1p.11.2) and two highly correlated SNPs at 14q24.1 (RAD51L1) (rs999737or rs10483813, r2=0.98) on up to 46,748 breast cancer cases and 47,048 controls from 39 studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for study. Heterogeneity by tumor characteristics was assessed using polytomous logistic regression models for multiple level outcomes, and tested using case-only analyses with tumor characteristics as the outcome. Tumor characteristics evaluated were estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), grade, node status, tumor size, and histopathological type. We confirmed that both rs11249433 (per allele OR and 95%CI 1.10, 1.08-1.12 P=3.2×10−22) and 14q24.1 SNPs rs999737/ rs10483813 (per allele OR and 95%CI 0.92, 0.90-0.94, P=9.21×10−14) are associated with invasive breast cancer risk. SNP rs11249433 was associated with ER-positive but not ER-negative breast cancer (P-heterogeneity =0.00008) and PR-positive but not PR-negative breast cancer (P-heterogeneity=0.007). SNP rs11249433 showed stronger associations with ER-positive tumors of lower grade (P-heterogeneity =6.67 x103) and lobular compared to ductal tumors (P-heterogeneity =0.01). In contrast, there was no evidence that the OR for rs999737/ rs10483813 differed by ER, PR, HER2, grade, node status, tumor size, or histopathological type, and in particular was associated with both ER-positive and ER-negative disease. Further studies aimed at identifying the causal variants in these regions and the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5614. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5614
POLYCYTHEMIA IN FEATHER DYERS
Authors: EUGENE S. KILGORE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The case reported here is of a man, for many years a feather dyer, whose habit it was to test his dye solutions by tasting, who for some time preceding his death from coronary thrombosis showed a marked increase of red corpuscles. He had exhibited cyanosis long before the polycythemia was first noted (1919). During his last period in the hospital there came to visit him a young woman, Miss M. D., who, we discovered, had also suffered polycythemia (12,400,000 at one time), and whose improvement following irradiation and benzene treatment had been reported by Hurwitz and Falconer.<sup>1</sup>She had given them (in 1915) her occupation as milliner, but further inquiry now (July, 1919) brought out the fact that she had in reality also engaged extensively in the dyeing of feathers, having been an active associate in the business with our patient from about 1912 to 1916. With this
Transforming growth factor B and hepatic fibrosis: Cause or effect?
Authors: David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Background. Cirrhosis is a diffuse process of hepatic fibrosis and regenerative nodule formation of unknown pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 induces the production of extracellular matrix proteins by liver cells and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in laboratory animals. TGFα is a hepatocyte mitogen that participates in liver regeneration. Methods. Using Northern blot analysis, we studied the expression of TGFβ1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver specimens from 42 patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis and 12 subjects with either normal or fatty livers. The results were correlated with measurements of procollagen Type I mRNA in liver tissue, procollagen Type III peptide in serum, and the degree of histologic injury. We also investigated whether TGFα mRNA would be detectable in biopsy specimens of livers with proliferative activity. Results. TGFβ1 mRNA expression correlated closely with the expression of procollagen Type I mRNA (r = 0.94) and serum procollagen Type III peptide (r = 0.89) and with the histologic activity index (r = 0.73). All patients with increased fibrogenic activity (serum procollagen Type III peptide level, &gt; 11.9 μg per liter) had increased levels of TGFβ1 mRNA (2 to 14 times the levels in the control group or in patients with normal fibrogenic activity), and both TGFα and H3 histone (a marker of DNA synthesis) mRNAs were detectable in patients with regenerative nodules. Six of eight patients with hepatitis C treated with interferon alfa for one year had sustained clinical responses with normalization of serum procollagen Type III peptide and aminotransferase activity. All these patients had normal levels of TGFβ1 mRNA in liver specimens obtained at the end of the year. Conclusions. TGFβ1 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease, and TGFα expression may be associated with liver regeneration in these patients.
FC Bayern team doctors resign amid rumours of "damaged trust" with management
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The orthopaedist and sports doctor Hans-Wilhelm Muller-Wohlfahrt and his three assistant doctors have resigned as team doctors of the German football club Bayern Munich (FC Bayern), triggering headlines on sports pages worldwide.

Muller-Wohlfahrt, also team doctor for the German men’s national football team, said that he and his medical team resigned because trust between the doctors and FC Bayern had been irreparably damaged. He made the announcement on 16 April, the day after FC Bayern suffered an unexpected 3-1 loss to Porto in Portugal in the quarterfinals of the Champions League. The loss means that Bayern, a favourite to …
The Hall of Fame and the Discoverer of Modern Anesthesia.
Authors: James McManus
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Hartford, Conn., Oct. 30, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your brief editorial in the issue of October 27, on "Physicians and the Hall of Fame," you say it has been suggested that an expression of opinion throughThe American Medical Associationmight have some influence and weight even with the laymen of the jury of award. You say the suggestion is practical and worthy of consideration. With an ordinary jury this is probably true, but the present jury ranks as an extraordinary one, and the outlook for recognition by them of a physician or surgeon seems almost hopeless. Chancellor MacCracken, of the New York University, who appears to have had something to do with the selection of the judges, is reported in the New York<i>Sunday Herald</i>of October 14, under the heading "Prejudice of Class and Pride of Locality Influenced the Votes of the Judges," as follows: "The failure
Interfering antiviral immunity: application, subversion, hope?
Authors: N. Manjunath, Priti Kumar, Sang Kyung Lee, Premlata Shankar
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2006)

RNAi has tremendous therapeutic potential in viral infections. The major hurdles of delivery to the appropriate cells necessary for its in vivo use as a therapeutic agent are being rapidly overcome and siRNA therapy is already being tested in clinical trials. Future studies should undoubtedly focus on further refining in vivo delivery methods, and minimizing off-target effects and the emergence of escape mutants in vivo. Optimizing siRNA design, delivery methods and delivery schedules to achieve sustained siRNA levels in the target cells should be emphasized. With these investigations and further advancement in the understanding of the endogenous RNAi mechanism, the next few years should prove to be an exciting time to discover whether RNAi will become a viable approach to treat viral infections in humans, particularly after the appearance of clinical symptoms.
Exercise Hemodynamics of Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis
Authors: JAMES H. MOLLER, SATYANARAYANA RAO, RUSSELL V. LUCAS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Sixty-four children with pulmonary stenosis were studied by cardiac catheterization both at rest and on exercise. Whereas milder degrees of stenosis were associated with normal right ventricular function, more severe stenosis was associated with fixed stroke index and elevated RVEDP, and suboptimal response of cardiac index. These changes result from altered right ventricular compliance. In several the compliance abnormality was related to myocardial hypertrophy, whereas in four patients it was most likely caused by myocardial fibrosis.
Atrial Fibrillation in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Mohamed G. Atta
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common and potentially difficult to treat cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. It is classified according to its temporal pattern as paroxysmal (self-limiting), persistent (amenable to cardioversion), or permanent.[1][1] Although the frequency of each
UK doctor is struck off after drug user dies from overmedication
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A doctor who failed to act on clear warning signs of overdose in a patient taking methadone at a Scottish addiction clinic has been struck off the medical register.

The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service found that Lal Bahadur Sharma had dishonestly been on weekend duty simultaneously for the clinic and the local out-of-hours service. Sharma, whose primary job was as a staff grade doctor at Law Hospital, did not attend the tribunal hearing but made written submissions. 

He was also found to have flouted a previous “first and final” warning …
Measurement of mitral orifice area in patients with mitral valve disease by real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: W L Henry, J M Griffith, L L Michaelis, C L McIntosh, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A quantitative assessment of mitral valve orifice area can be achieved in patients with pure mitral stenosis by cardiac catheterization. In the presence of mitral regurgitation, however, accurate measurement often is impossible because total diastolic flow through the mitral valve frequently is unknow. Using a recently developed real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography system, we are able to obtain cross-sectional images of the mitral valve by scanning the heart perpendicular to its long axis at the level of the tip of the mitral leaflets. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing operation for mitral valve disease were studied during the week prior to operation. In 18 of 20 (90%) the mitral orifice was imaged successfully in early diastole by two-dimensional echocardiography so that mitral valve orifice area could be measured directly in square centimeters. In 14 patients (ten with associated mitral regurgitation), mitral orifice area was measured both by echocardiography and directly at time of operation. In 12 of 14 (86%) patients, mitral orifice area by two-dimensional echocardiography was within 0.3 square centimeters of that measured at operation (correlation coefficient for all 14 patients equals 0.92). We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is extremely useful in the evaluation of patients with mitral valve disease because it provides a noninvasive method for directly measuring the mitral valve orifice area that is accurate even in the presence of mitral regurgitation.
Endothelial Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Glioma Tumors: Implications for Cell-Based Therapy
Authors: Juli R Bagó, Maria Alieva, Carolina Soler, Núria Rubio, Jerónimo Blanco
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Multipotent human adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are promising therapy vehicles with tumor-homing capacity that can be easily modified to deliver cytotoxicity activating systems in the proximity of tumors. In a previous work, we observed that hAMSCs are very effective delivering cytotoxicity to glioma tumors. However, these results were difficult to reconcile with the relatively few hAMSCs surviving implantation. We use a bioluminescence imaging (BLI) platform to analyze the behavior of bioluminescent hAMSCs expressing HSV-tTK in a U87 glioma model and gain insight into the therapeutic mechanisms. Tumor-implanted hAMSCs express the endothelial marker PECAM1(CD31), integrate in tumor vessels and associate with CD133-expressing glioma stem cells (GSC). Inhibition of endothelial lineage differentiation in hAMSCs by Notch1 shRNA had no effect on their tumor homing and growth-promoting capacity but abolished the association of hAMSCs with tumor vessels and CD133+ tumor cells and significantly reduced their tumor-killing capacity. The current strategy allowed the study of tumor/stroma interactions, showed that tumor promotion and tumor-killing capacities of hAMSCs are based on different mechanisms. Our data strongly suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of hAMSCs results from their association with special tumor vascular structures that also contain GSCs.