tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The mumbo jumbo of health management
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It is remarkable that Osler, Cushing, Charcot, Billroth, and the other giants of medicine were able to do their work without a mission statement. They must have had concepts regarding their role that would be called “vision” in contemporary parlance, but did not find it necessary to print the text and hang framed copies in their hospital corridors.

In their day health management had …
Deletion of Histo-blood Group A and B Antigens and Expression of Incompatible A Antigen in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: R. Metoki, K. Kakudo, Y. Tsuji, N. Teng, H. Clausen, S.-i. Hakomori
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Expression of histo-blood group ABH antigens in 53 cases of ovarian cancer was examined by immunoperoxidase staining of Formalin-fixed as well as frozen histological sections with various monoclonal antibodies, including those defining type 1, 2, 3, and 4 chain A. Findings of major interest were (a) deletion of A and B determinants in tumors from histo-blood group A and B individuals, and a high incidence of H antigen deletion in tumors from group O individuals were observed and (b) strong expression of incompatible A antigen in two of 10 samples from group B patients and in two of nine samples from group O patients was demonstrated. A antigen expression was defined by monoclonal antibody AH21, which reacts with monofucosyl type 1 chain A (ALed), but not by other types of anti-A antibodies directed to difucosyl type 1 chain A (ALeb), mono- or difucosyl type 2 chain A, or type 3 or type 4 chain A. The reactivity of monoclonal antibody AH21 was abolished by α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from chicken liver. These findings clearly identified the specific expression of incompatible A antigen with the structure monofucosyl type 1 chain A (ALed) in tumors from histo-blood group B and O individuals. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:115–1157, 1989]
The Risk of Rh Isoimmunization in Ruptured Tubal Pregnancy
Authors: J. Katz, R. G. Marcus
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In 9 (24%) out of 38 African women who had suffered a ruptured tubal pregnancy significant numbers of fetal erythrocytes (5 or more per 150,000 maternal cells) were found in the maternal circulation. This is a higher incidence than occurs after abortion and indicates that rupture of a tubal pregnancy is a potential source of Rh isoimmunization. The finding of fetal cells in the peritoneal cavity suggests that this is the main source of the fetal blood found in the maternal circulation. At operation on Rh-negative patients with ruptured tubal pregnancies, therefore, complete removal of the peritoneal blood should be attempted and the blood recovered should never be transfused into the patient, who should always receive prophylactic Rh immunoglobulin.
Mechanical correlates of contraction-excitation feedback during acute ventricular dilatation
Authors: B. D Halperin, S. W Adler, D. E Mann, M. J Reiter
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Mechanical correlates of contraction-excitation feedback during acute ventricular dilatation Get access Blair D Halperin, Blair D Halperin Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 4200E, Ninth Ave, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA: B D Halperin, S W Adler, D E Mann, M J Reiter. Correspondence to Dr Reiter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stuart W Adler, Stuart W Adler Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 4200E, Ninth Ave, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA: B D Halperin, S W Adler, D E Mann, M J Reiter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David E Mann, David E Mann Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 4200E, Ninth Ave, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA: B D Halperin, S W Adler, D E Mann, M J Reiter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J Reiter Michael J Reiter Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, 4200E, Ninth Ave, Denver, Colorado, 80262, USA: B D Halperin, S W Adler, D E Mann, M J Reiter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 1084–1087, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.1084 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Received: 06 November 1992 Accepted: 04 January 1993 Published: 01 June 1993
Growth of periocular basal cell carcinomas
Authors: E. Tan, F.P.Y. Lin, L.H.N. Sheck, P.J. Salmon, S.G.J. Ng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are generally regarded as slow-growing tumours. There is a paucity of data on the rate of BCC growth and the impact of delayed excision.To measure the growth rate and assess the impact of delayed excision on the growth of periocular BCC (pBCC).Patients referred to an oculoplastic service for excision of pBCC were recruited. The tumour dimensions and patient demographic data were recorded at the first specialist appointment (FSA). Measurement of the pBCC was repeated when the patient attended for tumour excision by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Correlation analyses were performed to determine whether the histological subtype and patient factors affected the pBCC growth rates.The study included 112 patients and 115 pBCCs. The primary ethnicity was European with Fitzpatrick type I and II skin. The mean size of the pBCC at FSA was 8 × 6 mm (range 6-12 × 4-8 mm) with a mean area of 68·5 mm(2). The average waiting time for MMS was 157 ± 87 days. The pBCCs grew at a mean rate of 11·2 mm(2) every 30 days. From the FSA to the MMS, a mean increase of 41·9 mm(2) was observed. Recurrent tumours, larger tumours at presentation and male sex were associated with a faster growth rate.Periocular basal cell carcinomas can grow rapidly, and many have aggressive histological subtypes. Rapid growth is more likely in recurrent tumours, larger tumours and in men.
cAMP-activated Ca2+ signaling is required for CFTR-mediated serous cell fluid secretion in porcine and human airways
Authors: Robert J. Lee, J. Kevin Foskett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), which is caused by mutations in CFTR, affects many tissues, including the lung. Submucosal gland serous acinar cells are primary sites of fluid secretion and CFTR expression in the lung. Absence of CFTR in these cells may contribute to CF lung pathogenesis by disrupting fluid secretion. Here, we have isolated primary serous acinar cells from wild-type and CFTR-/- pigs and humans without CF to investigate the cellular mechanisms and regulation of fluid secretion by optical imaging. Porcine and human serous cells secrete fluid in response to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP levels; here, we have demonstrated that this requires CFTR and a cAMP-dependent rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Importantly, cAMP induced the release of Ca2+ from InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores also responsive to cAMP-independent agonists such as cholinergic, histaminergic, and purinergic agonists that stimulate CFTR-independent fluid secretion. This provides two types of synergism that strongly potentiated cAMP-mediated fluid secretion but differed in their CFTR dependencies. First, CFTR-dependent secretion was strongly potentiated by low VIP and carbachol concentrations that individually were unable to stimulate secretion. Second, higher VIP concentrations more strongly potentiated the [Ca2+]i responses, enabling ineffectual levels of cholinergic stimulation to strongly activate CFTR-independent fluid secretion. These results identify important molecular mechanisms of cAMP-dependent secretion, including a requirement for Ca2+ signaling, and suggest new therapeutic approaches to correct defective submucosal gland secretion in CF.
Nondiabetic Mexican-Americans Do Not Have Reduced Insulin Responses Relative to Nondiabetic Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Heikki Miettinen, Michael P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study why Mexican-Americans have a threefold increase in NIDDM relative to non-Hispanic whites. The etiology of NIDDM is still controversial, with both insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion proposed as precursors of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined possible ethnic differences in fasting insulin (as a marker of insulin resistance) and change in insulin-to-change in glucose ratio (ΔI30:ΔG30) during the first 30 min after oral glucose ingestion (as a marker of abnormal whites from the San AntonioHeart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Fasting insulin and ΔI30:ΔG30 were evaluated as continuous variables. RESULTS Mexican-Americans had increased insulin concentrations at fasting and 30, 60, and 120 min after an oral glucose load as well as an increased 0- to 30-min increment in insulin and ΔI30:ΔG30 relative to non-Hispanic whites. These results remained unchanged after adjustment for age, sex, obesity, body fat distribution, and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased insulin resistance rather than decreased insulin secretion is characteristic of nondiabetic Mexican-Americans, a high-risk population for NIDDM.
Human neuroblastoma cells express alpha and beta platelet-derived growth factor receptors coupling with neurotrophic and chemotactic signaling.
Authors: T Matsui, K Sano, T Tsukamoto, M Ito, T Takaishi, H Nakata, H Nakamura, K Chihara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Both platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A- and B-chains are expressed in mammalian neurons, but their precise roles still remain to be clarified. In the present studies, we examined the expression of two PDGF receptor genes in human tumor cell lines derived from neural crest. The expression of alpha and/or beta PDGF receptors was detected in a wide variety of neural crest-derived human tumor cell lines such as neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Ewing's sarcoma by RNA blot analysis, and confirmed by immunoblot analysis. We have also demonstrated that PDGF receptors on the human neuroblastoma cell lines were biologically functional. Accordingly, chemotactic and mitogenic activities were induced by either PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB in serum-free medium. PDGF isoforms as well as nerve growth factor induced morphological changes showing neuronal cell maturation. Moreover, PDGF coordinately increased the levels of the transcript of the midsize neurofilament gene. The neuroblastoma cell lines also expressed the transcripts of PDGF A- and B-chains. These findings suggest that PDGF isoforms are involved not only in the promotion of the neuroblastoma cell growth, but also in neuronal cell migration, growth, and differentiation in human brain development.
Women more likely than men to die after heart surgery
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Women have as much as a three times higher risk than men of dying during or shortly after coronary artery bypass surgery, even though their coronary atherosclerosis may be less extensive and their heart pumping action may be better, a US study shows ( Circulation 2002;105:1176-81).

Authors of the study, led by Dr Viola Vaccarino of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, reviewed records of 51 187 patients in the National Cardiovascular Network database who underwent cardiac bypass surgery at 23 medical centres between October 1993 and December 1999. Thirty per cent (15 178) of these were …
Dr. M. A. Ogryzlo
Authors: E.G.L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Metro Ogryzlo of Toronto became suddenly and unexpectedly ill in Zurich at a meeting of the European League to celebrate its 50th Anniversary: he died soon after returning to Toronto on May 5, 1977.He is mourned not only by his immediate family, friends, and colleagues at the Wellesley Hospital and throughout Canada, but also by a much wider circle of rheumatologists in America and throughout the world.He was a particular friend of many people in this country: who, when visiting North America, had not visited with him and his group in Toronto and experienced their generous hospitality?It is the largest and one of the most productive rheumatology research units in Canada and this is due very largely to his organiza- tion and foresight, his choice of people, and his sheer pertinacity.He had a most outstanding career.Graduating with a gold medal from the University of Manitoba in 1938, he enlisted in 1941 and served as consultant for 4 years in the Royal Canadian Ail Force in the second world war.His 99 publications reflect the development of his interests from neuropathology in 1940 onwards to internal medicine, including spondylitis, in 1946, and thereafter to rheumatology, with research fellowships from a national research council and the Canadian Arthritis and Rheumatism Society.
THE "ELASTIC TISSUE" ENIGMA: A Suggestion for its Post-mortem Study, in Arteries kept Permanently Elastic, and in the "Roosevelt Elastic Lung."
Authors: W. Ewart
Journal: BMJ (1915)

rtJuLY 7, r9r5 MEIA .OU .apparently non-pathogenic, lhad later on acute dysentery with an amoeba to all appearance tlle very same.Ty2iical Cases.There are few records at present of Malay cases, but the following from our case-book may slhow tllat otlher nationalities suggest that the same amoeba imay be patlhogenic at olle timBe and apparently non-patlio(geniic at anotlher.1. S., MIalay boy, age(d 16 years, Sejijak.Adimitted Jtly 7th, 1914,.for poisoned wvould on leg.Amoebae fountd ( July 12th, 1914.No symptoms of dysetntery.History shiowe(d that hie had had acute dysentery when abouit 6 years old.He thell lhad bloo(d in stools, and became wasted.His mother lha(l dysentery three montlhs ago.2. N. K., Tamil girl, about 11 years.Admitted
S-adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine are antiapoptotic in cultured rat hepatocytes but proapoptotic in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Eduardo Ansorena, Elena R. García-Trevijano, Maria L. Martínez-Chantar, Zong-Zhi Huang, Lixin Chen, José M. Mato, Maria Iraburu, Shelly C. Lu, Matías A. Avila
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is an essential compound in cellular transmethylation reactions and a precursor of polyamine and glutathione synthesis in the liver. In liver injury, the synthesis of AdoMet is impaired and its availability limited. AdoMet administration attenuates experimental liver damage, improves survival of alcoholic patients with cirrhosis, and prevents experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Apoptosis contributes to different liver injuries, many of which are protected by AdoMet. The mechanism of AdoMet's hepatoprotective and chemopreventive effects are largely unknown. The effect of AdoMet on okadaic acid (OA)-induced apoptosis was evaluated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma cell lines. AdoMet protected rat hepatocytes from OA-induced apoptosis dose dependently. It attenuated mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. These effects were independent from AdoMet-dependent glutathione synthesis, and mimicked by 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), which is derived from AdoMet. Interestingly, AdoMet and MTA did not protect HuH7 cells from OA-induced apoptosis; conversely both compounds behaved as proapoptotic agents. AdoMet's proapoptotic effect was dose dependent and observed also in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, AdoMet exerts opposing effects on apoptosis in normal versus transformed hepatocytes that could be mediated through its conversion to MTA. These effects may participate in the hepatoprotective and chemopreventive properties of this safe and well-tolerated drug.
Are Drug-Eluting Stents Cost-Effective?
Authors: Jason Ryan, David J. Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

ince their commercial introduction in 2003, drugeluting stents (DES) have rapidly altered the management of coronary artery disease.Before their development, the percutaneous management of coronary artery disease was performed predominantly by implantation of bare metal stents (BMS) made of either surgical stainless steel or metal alloys.Although such stents represented a considerable advance over balloon angioplasty alone, they remained limited by restenosis resulting from neointimal proliferation.As a result, Ϸ15% to 20% of patients treated with BMS required Ն1 repeat revascularization procedure within the 6 to 12 months after stent implantation. 1Despite numerous attempts at systemic pharmacotherapy, device modification, and even use of ionizing radiation, the rate of restenosis after BMS implantation remained largely unaffected.
Ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration using Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of left ventricular function
Authors: E. D BENNETT, S. A BARCLAY, A. L DAVIS, D. MANNERING, N. MEHTA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

We have used a 2.2 MHz continuous-wave Doppler blood velocity meter (Bach-Simpson BVM 202) to measure ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration, and have obtained from the velocity signal a noninvasive measure of stroke volume and cardiac output by combining the Doppler technique with M-mode echocardiography. In two separate studies we have systematically altered the loading conditions of the heart with lower body pressure; and the inotropic state of the heart with dobutamine (5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1), and documented the changes in mean velocity (MV), maximum acceleration (MA), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (EDD) (M-mode echocardiography). Application of lower body pressure to subjects in a 30 degrees head-up tilt position caused a systematic increase in preload, as shown by a 9% increase in EDD, which raised SV by a maximum of 33% (p less than or equal to 0.001) and CO by 32% (p less than or equal to 0.01), thus showing a classical Starling response; whilst there was relatively little increase in MA. Conversely, infusion of dobutamine, an inotropic agent, caused a 29.2% increase in MA (p less than or equal to 0.01) with minimal increase in SV. Thus, the ability to measure ascending aortic blood velocity allows noninvasive monitoring of changes in both inotropic state and Starling function, with considerable ease and rapidity.
VARIATIONS IN THE SCOURS TYPE OF BACILLUS COLI FROM THE STANDPOINT OF BACTERIOPHAGIC ACTION
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. A lytic agent was not demonstrable in culture filtrates of either the parent or variant type of the scours organism. 2. The parent type was resistant to the action of a "weak" bacteriophage, obtained from the animal host, while the variant type was susceptible. 3. Exposure of the variant type to the scours bacteriophage was attended by agglutination of the cells, marked swelling, and an alteration of the contents prior to lysis. 4. The manifestations of variation which regularly occur on agar plate cultures of the scours organism do not appear to be the result of bacteriophagic stimulation.
Idiopathic first seizure in adult life: who should be treated?
Authors: C A van Donselaar, A T Geerts, R J Schimsheimer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the accuracy of the diagnosis, recurrence rate, and fate after the first recurrence in adult patients with an untreated idiopathic first seizure. DESIGN--Hospital based follow up study. SETTING--One university hospital and three general hospitals in The Netherlands. PATIENTS--165 patients aged 15 years or more with a clinically presumed idiopathic seizure; diagnosis was based on a description of the episode according to prespecified diagnostic criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Results of additional investigations and follow up regarding the accuracy of the diagnosis; first recurrence; and response to treatment after the first recurrence. RESULTS--Computed tomography showed major abnormalities in 5.5% of the patients and follow up led to doubts about the initial clinical diagnosis in another 6%. Cumulative risk of recurrence was 40% at two years. The cumulative risk of recurrence at two years was 81% (95% confidence interval 66% to 97%) in patients with epileptic discharges on a standard or partial sleep deprivation electroencephalogram, 39% (27% to 51%) in patients with other electroencephalographic abnormalities, and 12% (3% to 21%) in patients with normal electroencephalograms. Treatment was initiated in most patients who had one or more recurrences; 40 (70%) patients were completely controlled, eight (14%) had sporadic seizures, and nine (16%) did not become free of seizures within one year despite treatment. CONCLUSIONS--The decision to initiate or delay treatment should be based on electroencephalographic findings.
Bites of the European pigeon tick (Argas reflexus): Risk of IgE-mediated sensitizations and anaphylactic reactions
Authors: J KLEINETEBBE, A HEINATZ, I GRASER, H DAUTEL, G HANSEN, S KESPOHL, H RIHS, M RAULFHEIMSOTH, G VATER, M RYTTER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
New Hope for Home Care?
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Home care is popular, and its many supporters are quick to point out that care delivered in a patient's home should cost far less than similar care in a hospital or nursing home. Nonetheless, it has been hard to prove that home care saves money. The National Long Term Care Demonstration included more than 6000 high-risk older people in a controlled trial of coordinated care that included home care. This admirable program met needs that had previously been unmet, but instead of producing the anticipated savings, it increased the total cost of care.1 The costs of the additional services more . . .
Controlled study of withdrawal symptoms and rebound anxiety after six week course of diazepam for generalised anxiety.
Authors: K G Power, D W Jerrom, R J Simpson, M Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A group of patients suffering from anxiety, as assessed by general practitioners and psychologists using research criteria for generalised anxiety, were treated with either diazepam or placebo double blind for six weeks. This active treatment period was preceded by a one week single blind placebo "wash in" period and followed by a two week single blind placebo "wash out" period. The results suggest that diazepam can produce rebound anxiety and withdrawal symptoms when used in moderate doses and for what has previously been regarded as a safe length of time. If replicated these results have implications for the therapeutic use of benzodiazepines.
Mast cells regulate IFN-γ expression in the skin and circulating IgE levels in allergen-induced skin inflammation
Authors: Harri Alenius, Dhafer Laouini, Amy Woodward, Emiko Mizoguchi, Atul K. Bhan, Emanuela Castigli, Hans C. Oettgen, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Cataract formation in anorexia nervosa.
Authors: A G Archer
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Cataract formation in anorexia nervosaCataract formation is not a recognised complication of anorexia nervosa.Nevertheless, I report three patients who were seen at this hospital within 18 months. Case reportsCase 1-A 30-year-old woman who claimed that she had a balanced diet and unimpaired appetite presented with postprandial vomiting for over one year and weight loss to under 38 kg.Menses had stopped three months before the onset of vomiting.Psychiatrically she was facile yet cheerful and in- different to her symptoms.During admissions she refused bed rest, and vomiting continued.Within 18 months she had developed bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts (characteristic of diabetes mellitus), which required extraction.