tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Examination of multiple emergency inpatient admissions for asthma in England from hospital episode statistics (HES) 2005-2009
Authors: Rachael DiSantostefano, Richard Baxter, Lianna Ishihara, Hana Muellerova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  We described emergency asthma inpatient admissions in England from 2005-2009 and characterised factors associated with multiple asthma admissions.   Methods:  This was a GSK-funded retrospective analysis (WEUSRTP5083) using HES population data from England (©) 2010, re-used with permission). Patients with at least one emergency hospital admission where asthma was the primary diagnosis (ICD-10 J45, J46) on the first consultant episode within an admission were included. Using a backward elimination strategy, time to event modeling was employed to identify factors in the first asthma hospital record (length of stay [LOS], co-morbidities by ICD-10 chapter, gender) associated with a second asthma admission (occurring >5 days from first).   Results:  There were 249,206 emergency admissions for asthma among 176,323 patients during the 4-year period. One-fifth of patients experienced >1 admission for asthma, where multiple admissions decreased with increasing age (27% age  4 days (first admission), being female and co-morbidities (endocrine/metabolic, mental/behavioral, nervous system, circulatory).   Conclusions:  The burden of asthma exacerbation requiring hospitalisation in England is substantial; one-fifth of patients admitted for asthma experienced multiple admissions (2005-2009). Co-morbidities were associated with a second admission for asthma in adults, suggesting that other health conditions may contribute to asthma morbidity.
Low specificity of cytokeratin 19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses for detection of hematogenous lung cancer dissemination.
Authors: M Krismann, B Todt, J Schröder, D Gareis, K M Müller, S Seeber, J Schütte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Sensitive detection of systemic tumor dissemination in lung cancer patients is important for selection of appropriate treatment modalities. Based on recent promising data that showed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses for cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) expression in peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples to be a rapid and highly sensitive method for detection of hematogenous tumor dissemination in patients with breast and prostate cancer, we evaluated the specificity of this assay system in lung cancer patients and a large number of healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined CK-19 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in 17 lung cancer cell lines and in peripheral-blood samples of 50 lung tumor patients and 65 healthy controls. RESULTS Expression of CK-19 mRNA was observed in all lung cancer cell lines and in 50% of peripheral-blood samples from lung tumor patients. However, under the experimental conditions analyzed, at least 20% of the control samples were positive for CK-19 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Contrary to prior reports, RT-PCR may detect non-tissue-specific constitutive low-level (illegitimate) expression of CK-19 mRNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells in a significant number of healthy controls. This finding may not only hamper the use of this assay system in lung cancer patients, but also questions its proposed applicability in patients with other epithelial tumors such as breast and prostate cancer.
HYAL1 Hyaluronidase in Prostate Cancer: A Tumor Promoter and Suppressor
Authors: Vinata B. Lokeshwar, Wolfgang H. Cerwinka, Tadahiro Isoyama, Bal L. Lokeshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Hyaluronidases degrade hyaluronic acid, which promotes metastasis. HYAL1 type hyaluronidase is an independent prognostic indicator of prostate cancer progression and a biomarker for bladder cancer. However, it is controversial whether hyaluronidase (e.g., HYAL1) functions as a tumor promoter or as a suppressor. We stably transfected prostate cancer cells, DU145 and PC-3 ML, with HYAL1-sense (HYAL1-S), HYAL1-antisense (HYAL1-AS), or vector DNA. HYAL1-AS transfectants were not generated for PC-3 ML because it expresses little HYAL1. HYAL1-S transfectants produced ≤42 milliunits (moderate overproducers) or ≥80 milliunits hyaluronidase activity (high producers). HYAL1-AS transfectants produced &amp;lt;10% hyaluronidase activity when compared with vector transfectants (18-24 milliunits). Both blocking HYAL1 expression and high HYAL1 production resulted in a 4- to 5-fold decrease in prostate cancer cell proliferation. HYAL1-AS transfectants had a G2-M block due to decreased cyclin B1, cdc25c, and cdc2/p34 expression and cdc2/p34 kinase activity. High HYAL1 producers had a 3-fold increase in apoptotic activity and mitochondrial depolarization when compared with vector transfectants and expressed activated proapoptotic protein WOX1. Blocking HYAL1 expression inhibited tumor growth by 4- to 7-fold, whereas high HYAL1 producing transfectants either did not form tumors (DU145) or grew 3.5-fold slower (PC-3 ML). Whereas vector and moderate HYAL1 producers generated muscle and blood vessel infiltrating tumors, HYAL1-AS tumors were benign and contained smaller capillaries. Specimens of high HYAL1 producers were 99% free of tumor cells. This study shows that, depending on the concentration, HYAL1 functions as a tumor promoter and as a suppressor and provides a basis for anti-hyaluronidase and high-hyaluronidase treatments for cancer.
Bleeding Time at Altitude
Authors: H A Doughty, C Beardmore
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Disorders of coagulation during ascent to high altitude in the unacclimatized are well recognized. In order to document the sequence of haematological changes, the bleeding time was estimated weekly in six climbers during a six week climb. The median bleeding time was shown to increase by 50% between the first and fourth week, it then plateaued during continued ascent to 5700 m. During the sixth week the bleeding time rapidly reverted to baseline levels whilst still at altitude. The observations might be explained by the compensatory changes in coagulation factors following the initial prothrombotic phase, compounded by increased capillary fragility. Acclimatization to altitude is accompanied by a series of complex haematological changes. The temporal sequence should be considered when devising a strategy to reduce the risk of thrombosis.
Pulmonary artery pressure and bronchial nitric oxide flux
Authors: Michela Bellocchia, Antonio Ciuffreda, Alessandra Vecchiè, Lorena Mercante, Corrado Magnino, Alberto Milan, Irene Parisi, Daniela Libertucci, Walter Grosso Marra, Caterina Bucca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the airway may affect pulmonary vascular tone.We investigated the relationship between exhaled NO, lung function and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

METHODS: Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography,lung function tests and exhaled NO at multiple flow-rates to calculate alveolar (CalvNO) and bronchial flux (JawNO).

RESULTS: Patients were 62 men and 57 women,mean age 64 years (29-86),15 current smokers.Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was found in 65 (54%),9 in WHO group I,43 in group II,5 in group III,3 in group IV,5 in group V.JawNO was significantly inversely related to systolic (r=0.26 p=0.003) and mean PAP (r=0.24 p=0.036) and with transpulmonary gradient (r=0.27, p=0.02).CalvNO was not related to pulmonary pressures.The comparison between patients with and without PH,showed that PH was associated with significantly lower JawNO (39,5 vs 57,5 p=0.038),CalvNO (15 vs 11 p=0,04),VC (74% vs 84%, p=0.004),TLC (101% vs 91% p=0,04),TLCO (52% vs 75%, p<0.0001) and KCO (65% vs 79%, p=0.005).

CONCLUSIONS :Bronchial NO flux is related to pulmonary artery pressure and to transpulmonary gradient.Patients with PH have decreased lung diffusing capacity.These findings suggest that measurement of exhaled NO might be used as a marker of increased pulmonary artery pressure in patients with heart disease.

![Figure][1]  [1]: pending:yes
Cardiac intraventricular thrombus in protein C deficiency * Author's reply
Authors: W M Hague, K S Nair
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Mr Nair and his colleagues1 reported a patient with protein C deficiency who had severe recurrent thromboembolic problems despite anticoagulant therapy. Three points for discussion arise. First, was the dose of warfarin sufficient, given the recurrent thromboses despite treatment? Although the APC ratio was normal, a case could be made for keeping the INR in such patients between 2.5 and 3.5, much as in patients with mechanical cardiac valve prostheses2, despite the increased risk of haemorrhage. Second, might there be a second thrombophilia to account for the severe familial thrombotic tendency? Perhaps genotyping for the prothrombin gene mutation or other less frequently recognized thrombophilias should be performed in addition to the factor V Leiden genotyping3, as well as serology testing for cardiolipin antibodies. Finally, the value for plasma homocysteine (88 μmol/L) seems high despite the ‘normal range’ of 50-200: most laboratories quote a normal range for total plasma homocysteine between 5 and 15, depending on age and gender4.
Diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in a Dutch cohort of 63 pediatric patients: An overview
Authors: Femke Nauta, Gerard Pals, Hans Daniels, Ad Nagelkerke, Eric Haarman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is difficult, as a single gold standard is lacking. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical symptoms, abnormal movement of cilia on microscopic evaluation of respiratory epithelial biopsies (LM) and/or epithelial cell cultures (CLM), or identification of an ultra structural defect in the cilia by electron microscopy (EM). In order to get more insights into the diagnostic value of each of these tests, we performed a retrospective analysis in a cohort of 63 pediatric PCD patients treated within our center. Patient characteristics were as follows: mean age at diagnosis 3.8 years (range 0-18 years), males 44%, females 56% and situs inversus 39.7%.  PCD was diagnosed based on a combination of clinical symptoms and LM in 7,9%, EM 4,8%, CLM 1,6%, LM and CLM 36.5%, LM and EM 20.6%, or LM, EM and CLM in 28,6% of the patients respectively. Abnormal beat frequency, amplitude and coordination observed in epithelial cell cultures from PCD patients, correlated with dyskinetic movement observed in the original biopsies (p
Modified FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab followed by FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab beyond first progression in advanced colorectal cancer: CCOG-0801 study.
Authors: Kiyoshi Ishigure, Goro Nakayama, Keisuke Uehara, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Akiharu Ishiyama, Takehiko Eguchi, Kenji Tsuboi, Yuichi Ando, Yasuhiro Kodera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

641 Background: Bevacizumab provides survival benefit as the first-line and second-line therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A large observational study suggested use of bevacizumab beyond first progression (BBP) improved survival. This prompted us to conduct a multicenter phase II study of mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab followed by FOLFIRI plus bevacizimab in mCRC to further explore the strategy of BBP in Japanese patients. Methods: Previously untreated patients with assessable disease were treated with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab until tumor progression, followed by FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab. The primary endpoint of the study was the second progression-free survival (2nd PFS), defined as duration from enrollment until progression after the second-line therapy. If the patient failed to receive the second-line treatment due to medical reasons or refusal, the PFS during the first-line therapy was used for analysis. Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. Results: In the first-line therapy, 47 patients treated with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab achieved RR of 61.7%, DCR of 89.4% and median PFS of 11.7 months. Thirty patients went on to receive the second-line therapy with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab and achieved RR of 27.6%, DCR of 62.1%, and median PFS of 6.0 months. Median 2nd PFS was 16.2 months. Median survival time did not reach the median follow-up time of 27.4 months. Severe adverse events associated with bevacizumab during the first-line therapy were a venous thromboembolic event in one case (2%), a grade 2 bleeding event in one case (2%) and GI perforation in one case (2%). However, no critical events associated with bevacizumab were reported during the second-line therapy. Conclusions: The planned continuation of bevacizumab during the second line treatment is feasible in Japanese mCRC patients. A prospective randomized control study to confirm the efficacy has to be conducted in the future.
Clinical study of pulmonary hypertension complicating pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Fei Li, Huaping Dai, Liying Peng, Mulan Jin, Chen Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective  To study the clinical features of pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicating pulmonary langerhans9 cell histiocytosis (PLCH).   Methods  Medical records of 11 PLCH patients were reviewed from June 2006 to June 2011.   Results  4 of the 11 PLCH patients presented PH with more severe clinical presentations. The major symptoms were laboring dyspnea and diminished exercise capacity (NYHA functional class IIIor IV), which were complicated with the sigh of right heart failure. The cystic change and pulmonary artery / main artery > 1 were predominate on chest high-resolution computed tomography. Right heart enlargement was also found. As to pulmonary function presentation, the patients displayed severe carbon monoxide diffusing capacity impairment and significant hypoxemia. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure were highly increased. Besides the typical histopathological features presented, involvement of both arteries and veins was also observed. Oxygen and symptomatic therapy were essential in the part of clinical treatment. 3 of the 4 PLCH-PH received corticosteroids or chemotherapeutic agents, but the effect was not ideal. Only one case of PLCH-PH have a stable condition.   Conclusion  Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of PLCH and seems to predict a poor prognosis. It is necessary to derive an early diagnosis and prevention.
Low-Dose Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Søren Friis, Anders H. Riis, Rune Erichsen, John A. Baron, Henrik T. Sørensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: A recent comprehensive review concluded that additional research is needed to determine the optimal use of aspirin for cancer prevention. Objective: To assess associations between the use of low-dose aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colorectal cancer risk. Design: Population-based, case–control study. Setting: Northern Denmark. Patients: Patients with first-time colorectal cancer in northern Denmark between 1994 and 2011. Population control participants were selected by risk set sampling. Measurements: Data on drug use, comorbid conditions, and history of colonoscopy were obtained from prescription and patient registries. Use of low-dose aspirin (75 to 150 mg) and nonaspirin NSAIDs was defined according to type, estimated dose, duration, and consistency of use. Results: Among 10 280 case patients and 102 800 control participants, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for colorectal cancer associated with ever use (≥2 prescriptions) of low-dose aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.09) and 0.94 (CI, 0.90 to 0.98), respectively. Continuous long-term use (≥5 years) of low-dose aspirin was associated with a 27% reduction in colorectal cancer risk (OR, 0.73 [CI, 0.54 to 0.99]), whereas the overall OR for cumulative long-term use (continuous or noncontinuous) was close to unity. Nonaspirin NSAID use was associated with a substantial reduction in colorectal cancer risk, particularly for long-term, high-intensity use (average defined daily dose ≥0.3) of agents with high cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity (OR, 0.57 [CI, 0.44 to 0.74]). Limitations: Data were unavailable on over-the-counter purchases of high-dose aspirin and low-dose ibuprofen or NSAID dosing schedules, there were several comparisons, and the authors were unable to adjust for confounding by some risk factors. Conclusion: Long-term, continuous use of low-dose aspirin and long-term use of nonaspirin NSAIDs were associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk. Persons who continuously used low-dose aspirin comprised only a small proportion of the low-dose aspirin users. Primary Funding Source: Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus University Research Foundation.
Estimation of internal airflow redistribution in function of PEEP in NIV
Authors: Cedric Van Holsbeke, Wim Vos, Jelle Aerts, Denise Daems, Jan De Backer, Paul Parizel, Wilfried De Backer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale   It has been shown that NIV causes internal airflow redistribution in COPD patients recovering after exacerbation [Int J COPD, 2011;6 615-24]. This work tries to use functional respiratory imaging (FRI) to develop a method to predict the amount of redistribution that can be achieved in a patient specific manner.   Methods   10 persistent hypercapnic COPD GOLD III patients underwent a HRCT scan at FRC and TLC. From these scans airway tree and initial internal flow distribution (IFD) were obtained. Using computation fluid dynamics (CFD), and by setting tracheal pressure p trach =0, this data was used to calculate lobar pressure (p lobe ). Different PEEP levels (p 9  trach ) were simulated by adapting plobe (p 9  lobe ) using the formula below:  p 9  lobe =p lobe [(Σ lobe=RUL  LLL (p 9  trach -p lobe )A lobe )/(Σ lobe=RUL  LLL (p trach -p lobe )A lobe )]  Using this new lobar pressure in the CFD calculations resulted in values for IFD in function of the PEEP level.   Results   It was observed that in some patients increasing PEEP levels did not result in a change in IFD, where as in other patients a complete shift from predominant upper lobe breathing to lower lobe breathing was seen. The shift in IFD happened for all patients in the PEEP range [0-10]cmH2O.   Conclusions   FRI predicts PEEP to have an influence on IFD. This influence is observed in a range of PEEP that is clinical achievable. These findings have to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial.  This study was funded by AirLiquide.
Kadın ve erkek tipi saç kaybının değerlendirilmesive tedavisi
Authors: Elise A. Olsen, Andrew G. Messenger, Jerry Shapiro, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Maria K. Hordinsky, Janet L. Roberts, Dow Stough, Ken Washenik veDavid A. WhitingDurham, North Carolina, United Kingdom, Vancouver, Canada, Cleveland, Ohio, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Portland, Oregon, Hot Springs, Arkansas, Beverly Hills, Dallas
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
High-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with lymphoid malignancies who had received prior dose-limiting radiation therapy.
Authors: T Demirer, C H Weaver, C D Buckner, F B Petersen, W I Bensinger, J Sanders, R A Clift, K Lilleby, C Anasetti, P Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To evaluate a high-dose chemotherapy regimen without total-body irradiation (TBI) followed by allogeneic (allo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in patients with lymphoid malignancies who had received prior dose-limiting radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-six patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 26), Hodgkin's disease (HD, n = 17), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 13) with a history of previous radiation therapy were treated with cyclophosphamide (7.2 g/m2), carmustine (300 mg/m2 or 600 mg/m2), and etoposide (2,400 mg/m2; CBV) followed by allo BMT. RESULTS Nine of 56 patients are alive and disease-free a median of 1,091 (range, 512 to 1,784) days post-transplant. The probabilities of transplant-related mortality, relapse, and event-free survival at 2 years for the entire group of 56 patients were .62, .59, and .17, respectively. Patients who received 600 mg/m2 of carmustine had a higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 regimen-related toxicities (RRTs) (14 of 22) than did patients who received 300 mg/m2 (12 of 33; P &lt; .04), whereas there was no difference in relapse (.34 and .53, respectively, P = .73). Fourteen of 16 patients who received allo BMT for advanced disease (n = 12) or less-advanced disease (n = 4) but who were also eligible for auto BMT relapsed (n = 4) or died of transplant-related complications (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Allo BMT following a high-dose CBV regimen resulted in long-term disease-free survival in 17% of patients with lymphoid malignancies who had received prior dose-limiting radiotherapy. A high incidence of transplant-related complications, especially fatal idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) and a high relapse rate limited success. Morbidity and mortality associated with carmustine 600 mg/m2 were high and were not associated with a decrease in relapse. The number of patients in this study eligible for either allo or auto BMT was limited and precluded meaningful analysis of relative effectiveness.