tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reducing asthma admission: Impact of the Easy Asthma Clinic Network
Authors: Watchara Boonsawat, Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction.

Easy Asthma Clinic Network has been developed as a model to enhance the implementation of GINA guidelines in Thailand since 2004. We set up Easy Asthma Clinic in the hospitals throughout Thailand. The Easy Asthma Clinic runs by GPs in general hospitals. In the clinic we simplified asthma guidelines and organized the system to facilitate the team work, emphasized the role of nurses and pharmacists to help doctors. We also developed on-line web database for registering and monitoring patients. This study aim to study the effect of the Easy Asthma Clinic Network on asthma admissions.

Method

All asthmatics under the universal health care scheme registered in the Easy Asthma Clinic Network during October 2007 to September 2009 were analyzed for hospitalization rate and hospital days due to asthma. The hospitalization rate and hospital days due to asthma during one year before and after registration were compared.

Results

There were 22,564 asthmatics registered from 360 hospitals. There were 6,449 admissions, which were associated with 36,588 hospital days during one year period before registration. The rate of hospitalization was 0.2858 admissions/patient/year. There were 4,071 admissions, which were associated with with 11,608 hospital days during one year period after registration. The rate of hospitalization was 0.1804 admissions/patient/year. Registration to the Easy Asthma clinic Network lower the risk of hospitalization (incidence rate ratio 0.39, confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.41).

Conclusions 

The Easy Asthma Clinic Network is effective in reducing hospitalization due to asthma.
The association of caesarean section delivery with asthma and atopy in children: Effect modification by family history of allergies
Authors: Ourania Kolokotroni, Nicos Middleton, Marina Gavatha, Demetris Lamnisos, Kostas N. Priftis, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Studies on the association of birth by caesarean section and allergies have produced conflicting findings. Evidence on whether this relation may differ in those at risk of atopy is limited.   Aim:  To investigate the association of mode of delivery with asthma and atopic sensitization and the extend to which this effect is modified by family history of allergies   Methods:  Asthma outcomes were assessed cross-sectionally in 2216 children aged 8 using the ISAAC questionnaire whilst in a random subgroup of 746 skin prick tests to eleven allergens were also performed. Adjusted odds ratios of asthma and atopy by mode of delivery were estimated in multivariable logistic models.   Results:  After adjusting for potential confounders, children born by caesarean section as compared to vaginally had significantly higher odds of reporting ever having wheeze (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.07-1.71), asthma diagnosis (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.83) and atopic sensitization (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.08-2.60). There was some evidence that family history of allergies may modify the effect of caesarean section delivery on atopy (p for effect modification=0.06) but not asthma. More specifically, children with a family history of allergies had double the odds of atopic sensitization if born by caesarean section (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.20-4.54) whilst a non-significant association was observed in children without a family history of allergies (OR 1.27, 95%CI 0.69-2.36)   Conclusion:  Birth by caesarean section is associated with asthma and atopic sensitization in childhood. The association of caesarean delivery and atopy but not asthma is more pronounced in children with family history of allergies.
Diagnosis and treatment of cancer using genomics
Authors: J. G. Vockley, J. E. Niederhuber
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The field of cancer diagnostics is in constant flux as a result of the rapid discovery of new genes associated with cancer, improvements in laboratory techniques for identifying disease causing events, and novel analytic methods that enable the integration of many different types of data. These advances have helped in the identification of novel, informative biomarkers. As more whole genome sequence data are generated and analyzed, emerging information on the baseline variability of the human genome has shown the importance of the ancestral genomic background in patients with a potential disease causing variant. The recent discovery of many novel DNA sequence variants, advances in sequencing and genomic technology, and improved analytic methods enable the impact of germline and somatic genome variation on tumorigenesis and metastasis to be determined. New molecular targets and companion diagnostics are changing the way geneticists and oncologists think about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
CT angiography of bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries in patients with hemoptysis
Authors: Magdy Abdelsalam, Hosny Hamza, Yasser Ragab
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim: To compare CT angiography of bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries at 320 multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) with conventional angiography (CA) in patients with hemoptysis.

Methods: The study was retrospective and included 20 patients undergoing endovascular treatment of hemoptysis. The 20 patients underwent 320 multi-detector CT angiography of the thorax prior to embolization while CA was done during the embolization session. Findings on CT angiograms were used to evaluate the depiction of bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries. The visibility of the ostium and the traceability of each vessel at CT angiogram were compared with the same findings at CA.

Results: Among the 20 patients, 42 bronchial arteries were identified at both CT and CA. 36 (85%) bronchial arteries were observed with both modalities. 2 (5%) arteries were not seen by CT angiography; both were of normal origin while 4 (10%) were not seen by CA; one has normal origin while 3 have ectopic origins. 8 arteries (20%) were not traceable by CT while 7 (17%) were not traceable by CA. CT identified the artery causing the bleeding in 21 patients (95%) while CA identified it in 17 patients (77%). 15 nonbronchial systemic arteries were visible at both modalities. CT depicted 14 of them while CA showed only 9. Three-dimensional CT images were superior to CA in depicting the ectopic origin of the bronchial and the nonbronchial systemic arteries, which enabled successful embolization in difficult cases.

Conclusion: CT angiography using 320 multi-detector systems is more accurate than conventional angiograpgy in depicting bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries in patients with hemoptysis.
“Prognostic pessimism” in asthma and COPD
Authors: S McCarthy
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Doctors can be pessimistic—especially when making a prognosis—and this in turn may influence clinical decisions. This study looked at the accuracy of the predicted outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma with regard to admission to the intensive care unit (ITU).

Data were collected over 18 months from nearly half the ITUs involved in the UK …
Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: L R Baxter, J M Schwartz, J C Mazziotta, M E Phelps, J J Pahl, B H Guze, L Fairbanks
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors compared 10 nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with 10 normal control subjects of the same sex and similar age for cerebral glucose metabolic rates obtained using positron emission tomography. Obsessive-compulsive patients showed significantly elevated metabolic rates in the whole cerebral hemispheres, heads of the caudate nuclei, orbital gyri, and the orbital gyri relative to the ipsilateral hemisphere (the orbital-hemisphere ratio). These results are similar to those the authors reported previously for another group of obsessive-compulsive patients and normal control subjects.
Abstract 15489: Jmjd6 Regulates the Splicing of sFlt1 and Modulates Angiogenesis
Authors: Jes-Niels Boeckel, Koyanagi Masamichi, Tino Roxe, Andreas Lengeling, Ralph T Schermuly, Virginia Guarani, Pascal Gellert, Thomas Braun, Andreas M Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Proteins containing a Jumonji C (JmjC) domain have a central role in the epigenetic control of gene expression. Several molecular functions have been described for this enzyme family. They can eith...
Treatment outcomes, health-care resource utilization and costs of bortezomib and dexamethasone, with cyclophosphamide or lenalidomide, in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: S K Kumar, E Ma, A E Engebretson, F K Buadi, M Q Lacy, A Dispenzieri, M S Duh, M-H Lafeuille, P Lefebvre, W Y Cheng, K Dea, D Rembert, D Patt, L Niculescu, M Quick, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Defects of High-Density Lipoproteins in Coronary Artery Disease Caused by Low Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Content
Authors: Katherine Sattler, Markus Gräler, Petra Keul, Sarah Weske, Christina-Maria Reimann, Helena Jindrová, Petra Kleinbongard, Roger Sabbadini, Martina Bröcker-Preuss, Raimund Erbel, Gerd Heusch, Bodo Levkau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Systematic methods must be used to develop review criteria
Authors: M. Lakhani, R. Baker, R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1996)

therefore the use of the term emergency contraception for early abortion is erroneous.According to the datasheet, "Schering PC4 is primarily aimed to prevent implantation of the fertilised ovum in the endometrium."Insertion of a foreign body such as an intrauterine contraceptive device achieves the same effect.
Chemotherapy of refractory germ cell cancer with Etoposide.
Authors: G S Lederman, M B Garnick, G P Canellos, J P Richie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Eighteen patients with advanced germ-cell cancer (12 primary gonadal, six extragonadal) that was refractory to vinblastine (V), cisplatin (P), and bleomycin (B) were treated with Etoposide (VP-16-213) and cisplatin +/- bleomycin sulfate +/- doxorubicin hydrochloride. All patients experienced nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and myelosuppression. There were no treatment-related deaths. Five (42%) of 12 patients with primary gonadal germ-cell cancer achieved a complete remission and are presently alive with no evidence of disease. None of the six patients with extragonadal germ-cell cancer achieved a complete response. Thirteen patients died 6.2 months (median) after starting Etoposide treatment. Etoposide-containing chemotherapy is useful in patients with primary gonadal germ-cell cancer. Alternative therapies are needed for patients with extragonadal germ cell cancer.
Fabrication of 3D Scaffolds with Precisely Controlled Substrate Modulus and Pore Size by Templated‐Fused Deposition Modeling to Direct Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Ruijing Guo, Sichang Lu, Jonathan M. Page, Alyssa R. Merkel, Sandip Basu, Julie A. Sterling, Scott A. Guelcher
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Scaffolds with tunable mechanical and topological properties fabricated by templated-fused deposition modeling promote increased osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells with increasing substrate modulus and decreasing pore size. These findings guide the rational design of cell-responsive scaffolds that recapitulate the bone microenvironment for repair of bone damaged by trauma or disease.
Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography
Authors: N C Andreasen, D S O'Leary, T Cizadlo, S Arndt, K Rezai, G L Watkins, L L Ponto, R D Hichwa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study used positron emission tomography to examine two kinds of personal memory that are used in psychiatric evaluation: focused episodic memory (recall of past experience, employed in "taking a history") and random episodic memory (uncensored thinking about experience, examined during analytic therapy using free association). For comparison, a third memory task was used to tap impersonal memory that represents general information about the world ("semantic memory").Thirteen subjects were studied using the [15O]H2O method to obtain quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow. The three conditions were subtracted and their relative relationships examined.The random episodic condition produced activations in widely distributed association cortex (right and left frontal, parietal, angular/supramarginal, and posterior inferior temporal regions). Focused episodic memory engaged a network that included the medial inferior frontal regions, precuneus/retrosplenial cingulate, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and cerebellum. The use of medial frontal regions and the precuneus/retrosplenial cingulate was common to both focused and random episodic memory. The major difference between semantic and episodic memory was activation of Broca's area and the left frontal operculum by semantic memory.These results indicate that free-ranging mental activity (random episodic memory) produces large activations in association cortex and may reflect both active retrieval of past experiences and planning of future experiences. Focused episodic memory shares some components of this circuit (inferior frontal and precuneus), which may reflect the time-linked components of both aspects of episodic memory, and which permit human beings to experience personal identity, consciousness, and self-awareness.
Analysis of Factors That Correlate With Mucositis in Recipients of Autologous and Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplants
Authors: Aaron P. Rapoport, Luc F. Miller Watelet, Tammy Linder, Shirley Eberly, Richard F. Raubertas, Joanna Lipp, Reggie Duerst, Camille N. Abboud, Louis Constine, Jessica Andrews, Mary Ann Etter, Linda Spear, Elizabeth Powley, Charles H. Packman, Jacob M. Rowe, Ullrich Schwertschlag, Camille Bedrosian, Jane L. Liesveld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To identify predictors of oral mucositis and gastrointestinal toxicity after high-dose therapy.Mucositis and gastrointestinal toxicity were prospectively evaluated in 202 recipients of high-dose therapy and autologous or allogeneic stem-cell rescue. Of 10 outcome variables, three were selected as end points: the peak value for the University of Nebraska Oral Assessment Score (MUCPEAK), the duration of parenteral nutritional support, and the peak daily output of diarrhea. Potential covariates included patient age, sex, diagnosis, treatment protocol, transplantation type, stem-cell source, and rate of neutrophil recovery. The three selected end points were also examined for correlation with blood infections and transplant-related mortality.A diagnosis of leukemia, use of total body irradiation, allogeneic transplantation, and delayed neutrophil recovery were associated with increased oral mucositis and longer parenteral nutritional support. No factors were associated with diarrhea. Also, moderate to severe oral mucositis (MUCPEAK > or = 18 on a scale of 8 to 24) was correlated with blood infections and transplant-related mortality: 60% of patients with MUCPEAK > or = 18 had positive blood cultures versus 30% of patients with MUCPEAK less than 18 (P =.001); 24% of patients with MUCPEAK > or = 8 died during the transplantation procedure versus 4% of patients with MUCPEAK less than 18 (P =.001).Gastrointestinal toxicity is a major cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the need for corrective strategies. The peak oral mucositis score and the duration of parenteral nutritional support are useful indices of gastrointestinal toxicity because these end points are correlated with clinically significant events, including blood infections and treatment-related mortality.
Ca 125 and Survival in Ovarian Cancer: Preliminary Communication
Authors: D Parker, K Patel, E J Alred, P Harnden-Mayor, B Naylor
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

CA 125 is an epithelial membrane marker which can be detected in the serum of patients with ovarian cancer and which may reflect tumour burden. In a group of 42 patients, the level of this marker has also been shown to be significantly related to survival.
Responses to and Outcomes of Treatment of Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia in Adults
Authors: Amy L. Jones, Eoin P. Flanagan, Sean J. Pittock, Jay N. Mandrekar, Scott D. Eggers, J. Eric Ahlskog, Andrew McKeon
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Classic Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1, or anti-Yo) paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia has a poor prognosis, yet little has been published otherwise regarding treatment responses and outcomes among patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.To investigate treatment responses and outcomes in adults with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.A cohort study conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, included 118 patients who had ataxia, were 18 years or older, were seropositive for at least 1 neural autoantibody, had received at least 1 immunotherapy or cancer therapy, and had neurologist-reported outcomes documented from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 2013. Data were collected from May 14, 2013, through August 9, 2014, and analyzed from August 9, 2014, through April 27, 2015. Responses to immunotherapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and immunosuppressants) and ambulatory outcomes were compared between different subgroups. Subgroups were classified as paraneoplastic vs nonparaneoplastic disorders; neuronal nuclear and/or cytoplasmic (NNC) antibody positivity vs plasma membrane protein (PMP) antibody positivity; and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa isoform (GAD65) antibody positivity vs PMP antibody positivity.Response to therapy and ambulatory ability, with univariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses.Inclusion criteria were met by 118 patients. Median age at onset of neurologic symptoms was 58 (range, 27-83) years, and 87 patients (73.7%) were women. Median duration from symptom onset to last follow-up was 25 (range, 2-223) months. Sixty-three patients had paraneoplastic and 55 patients had nonparaneoplastic ataxic disorders. Eighty-one patients were seropositive for NNC antibodies (most commonly PCA-1 [anti-Yo], antineuronal nuclear antibody type 1 [anti-Hu], and GAD65 antibody); 22 patients, for neural PMP receptor or ion channel antibodies (most commonly targeting P/Q- or N-type voltage-gated calcium channels); and 15 patients, for antibodies from both categories. Neurologic improvements occurred in 54 patients (with a robust change in ambulatory ability in 22) attributable to immunotherapy; univariate regression analysis revealed that improvements were significantly more common among patients with nonparaneoplastic disorders (P = .03) and those with exclusively PMP antibodies (P = .02). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that progression to wheelchair dependence occurred significantly faster among patients with NNC antibody positivity only (P = .02), although those with GAD65 autoimmunity progressed to wheelchair dependence at a rate similar to those with PMP autoimmunity (P = .92).Although autoimmune ataxia is usually severe, treatment responses can be gratifying, particularly in patients with nonparaneoplastic disorders and in those harboring autoantibodies directed against GAD65 or neural PMPs.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Airway Smooth Muscle. Implications for Airway Contractility
Authors: Daniel P. Cook, Michael V. Rector, Drake C. Bouzek, Andrew S. Michalski, Nicholas D. Gansemer, Leah R. Reznikov, Xiaopeng Li, Mallory R. Stroik, Lynda S. Ostedgaard, Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa, Michael A. Thompson, Y. S. Prakash, Ramaswamy Krishnan, David K. Meyerholz, Chun Y. Seow, David A. Stoltz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: An asthma-like airway phenotype has been described in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether these findings are directly caused by loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function or secondary to chronic airway infection and/or inflammation has been difficult to determine.Objectives: Airway contractility is primarily determined by airway smooth muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CFTR is expressed in airway smooth muscle and directly affects airway smooth muscle contractility.Methods: Newborn pigs, both wild type and with CF (before the onset of airway infection and inflammation), were used in this study. High-resolution immunofluorescence was used to identify the subcellular localization of CFTR in airway smooth muscle. Airway smooth muscle function was determined with tissue myography, intracellular calcium measurements, and regulatory myosin light chain phosphorylation status. Precision-cut lung slices were used to investigate the therapeutic potential of CFTR modulation on airway reactivity.Measurements and Main Results: We found that CFTR localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum compartment of airway smooth muscle and regulates airway smooth muscle tone. Loss of CFTR function led to delayed calcium reuptake following cholinergic stimulation and increased myosin light chain phosphorylation. CFTR potentiation with ivacaftor decreased airway reactivity in precision-cut lung slices following cholinergic stimulation.Conclusions: Loss of CFTR alters porcine airway smooth muscle function and may contribute to the airflow obstruction phenotype observed in human CF. Airway smooth muscle CFTR may represent a therapeutic target in CF and other diseases of airway narrowing.
Allogeneic-blood stem-cell collection following mobilization with low-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: M R Bishop, S R Tarantolo, J D Jackson, J R Anderson, K Schmit-Pokorny, D Zacharias, Z S Pavletic, S J Pirruccello, J M Vose, P J Bierman, P I Warkentin, J O Armitage, A Kessinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

The optimal dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for mobilization of allogeneic-blood stem cells (AlloBSC) has yet to be determined. As part of a prospective trial, 41 related human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors had blood cells mobilized with G-CSF at 5 micrograms/kg/d by subcutaneous administration. The purpose of this trial was to monitor adverse effects during G-CSF administration and stem-cell collection, to determine the optimal timing for stem-cell collection, and to determine the cellular composition of stem-cell products following G-CSF administration.The median donor age was 42 years. Apheresis began on day 4 of G-CSF administration. At least three daily 12-L apheresis collections were performed on each donor. A minimum of 1.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (recipient weight) and 8.0 x 10(8) mononuclear cells/kg were collected from each donor. All collections were cryopreserved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethyl starch.Toxicities associated with G-CSF administration and the apheresis process included myalgias/arthralgias (83%), headache (44%), fever (27%), and chills (22%). The median baseline platelet count of 242 x 10(4)/ mL decreased to 221, 155, and 119 x 10(6)/mL on days 4, 5, and 6 of G-CSF administration, respectively. Median numbers of CD34+ cells in collections 1, 2, and 3 were 1.99, 2.52, and 3.13 x 10(6)/kg, respectively. The percentage and total number of CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+/CD3- cells remained relatively constant during the three collections. Median total numbers of cells were as follows: CD34+, 7.73 x 10(6)/kg; and lymphocytes, 6.93 x 10(8)/kg.Relatively low doses of G-CSF can mobilize sufficient numbers of AlloBSC safely and efficiently.