tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Action of gastrin in guinea pig oxyntic cells. Studies using quantitative cytochemistry.
Authors: A A Heldsinger, A I Vinik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The mechanism of action of gastrin was investigated using cytochemical quantitation of hydroxyl ion production (HIP) in guinea pig gastric oxyntic mucosa. The reaction depends upon the trapping of OH ions produced during gastric stimulation and is blocked by the benzimidazole, Hassle 149/94, which inhibits the K+ + H+-ATPase and by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase activity. It is thus a measure of hydroxyl ions produced during stimulation of the oxyntic cell and reflects upon hydrogen ion production. Gastrin (2.5 X 10(-16) -2.5 X 10(-12) M) caused a linear dose-dependent stimulation of HIP in the oxyntic cells. The response was biphasic, with an early peak at 90 s and a secondary rise at 240 s, which persisted for 10 min. Natural human gastrin (sulfated and nonsulfated) and the active COOH-terminal octapeptide fragment of gastrin stimulated HIP, whereas the biologically inert NH2-terminal (1-13) fragment of gastrin had no effect. The activation of oxyntic cell HIP by gastrin was neutralized by an antiserum directed towards the COOH-terminus of gastrin and not by nonimmune serum. Cimetidine (10(-5) M) blocked 25% and atropine (10(-5) M) had no effect on gastrin-stimulated HIP. EGTA (10(-3) M) and LaCl3 (10(-3) M) inhibited the action of gastrin by 67 and 52%, respectively. The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (10(-5) M), pimozide (10(-5) M), and the naphthalene sulfonamides, W-7 and W-13 (10(-5) M), inhibited gastrin-stimulated HIP by 45.6 38.5, 42.3, and 37.2%, respectively. Higher doses of W-7 and W-13 (10(-4) M) inhibited gastrin-stimulated HIP by 83 and 67%. The Ca2+ ionophore, A23187 (10(-4) M), stimulated HIP. Thus, it appears that gastrin stimulation of HIP is complex. 25% of its action is via a histamine-dependent pathway. 45% of its action is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+. Its action is also in part dependent upon a Ca2+/calmodulin mechanism.
IDENTIFICATION OF EXTENSIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR DILATATION AND NORMAL MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT WITH ANGIOGRAPHIC CORRELATION
Authors: Maryam Afshar, Raza Alvi, Nelson Aguilar, Rakhee Ippili, Hussain Shaqra, Jonathan Bella, Narendra Bhalodkar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Primary Care: Contradictions and Questions
Authors: Robert L. Kane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The current buzz-word is "primary care." A shortage of this commodity has been diagnosed, and a number of prescriptions written to remedy the deficiency. However, although we talk about the manifestations of the syndrome a good deal of ambiguity about the criteria for diagnosis remains. Precisely what is this thing called "primary care, " and how will the steps proposed to increase its availability affect the total health-care system?Definitions of primary care are numerous and not always consistent. One hears such phrases as "first contact," "continuing responsibility" and "whole patient."1 The themes usually revolve around some combination of comprehensive . . .
Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening replies to Michael Baum
Authors: M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Baum has raised interesting and important issues.1 The panel did not “duck” the effect of breast screening on all cause mortality. We indicated in the full report (p 32) that a 20% reduction in breast cancer mortality would reduce mortality from all cancers by only 3% and all cause mortality by 1.2%.2 The randomised trials performed lacked …
Contribution of renal angiotensin II type I receptor to gene expressions in hypertension-induced renal injury
Authors: Shokei Kim, Kensuke Ohta, Akinori Hamaguchi, Takashi Omura, Tokihito Yukimura, Katsuyuki Miura, Yoshiyuki Inada, Takeo Wada, Yoshimasa Ishimura, Fumio Chatani, Hiroshi Iwao
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Consensus for EGFR Mutation Testing in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from a European Workshop
Authors: Robert Pirker, Felix J.F. Herth, Keith M. Kerr, Martin Filipits, Miquel Taron, David Gandara, Fred R. Hirsch, Dominique Grunenwald, Helmut Popper, Egbert Smit, Manfred Dietel, Antonio Marchetti, Christian Manegold, Peter Schirmacher, Michael Thomas, Rafael Rosell, Federico Cappuzzo, Rolf Stahel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Depressed primary in vitro antibody response in untreated systemic lupus erythematosus. T helper cell defect and lack of defective suppressor cell function.
Authors: J F Delfraissy, P Segond, P Galanaud, C Wallon, P Massias, J Dormont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The in vitro antibody response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 19 patients with untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that of 20 control patients and 44 normal subjects. Trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) were used to induce IgM anti-TNP plaque-forming cells. SLE patients displayed a markedly depressed, and in most instances virtually absent, response. This was not due to an unusual kinetics of the response; nor could it be induced by preincubation of SLE patients' PBL. In co-cultures of SLE patients and normal PBL, the former, with few exceptions, did not exert a suppressive effect. In four patients the anti-TNP response of either unfractionated or T-depleted SLE PBL could be restored by T cells from a normal individual. Conversely in three of these patients, SLE T cells could not support the response of normal B cells, suggesting a T helper cell defect in SLE PBL. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cells of the antibody response could be assayed by two approaches: (a) in responder SLE patients, by the direct addition of Con A to TNP-PAA-stimulated cultures; (b) in seven patients by transfer of Con A-activated cells to the responding culture of a normal allogeneic donor. In both cases SLE PBL were able to exert a suppressive effect to the same extent as normal PBL.
Clinical competence in insertion of a temporary transvenous ventricular pacemaker
Authors: Gary S. Francis, Sankey V. Williams, James L. Achord, William A. Reynolds, Charles Fisch, Gottlieb C. Friesinger, Francis J. Klocke, Masood Akhtar, Thomas J. Ryan, Robert C. Schlant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Aid organisations warn Zimbabwe's cholera crisis is far from over
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Aid organisations spearheaded by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) have warned the cholera outbreak crisis in Zimbabwe is not over, and have called for a more concerted and effective global response to the humanitarian emergency.

“The epidemic is far from under control,” MSF says in a report released in Harare and Johannesburg on 17 February called “Beyond Cholera: Zimbabwe’s worsening crisis.”

“Further scaling up of coordinated interventions at national, provincial, district, and community level will be needed to arrest the epidemic from increasing,” Fadela Chaib, World Health Organization spokeswoman, told reporters.

MSF said there was “a clear lack of a strong, coordinated, international response,” to the crisis.

In early February, the focus of the cholera outbreak has shifted from the cities to rural areas where access to health care …
Densitometry of Appendicular Bone in Osteoporosis
Authors: J. R. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As the initial developers of the single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) method for bone mineral assessment,<sup>1</sup>the chief proponents of the method over the past 20 years,<sup>2</sup>and the originators of instrumentation for its clinical implementation,<sup>3</sup>we have been alarmed to learn of recent unsubstantiated claims by commercial interests for exceptional clinical efficacy of SPA on appendicular bone in the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis. It is true that the radius is indicative of overall skeletal status and that the density of the distal radius or the os calcis in osteoporosis<i>is on the average</i>significantly below that of controls. However, the density reduction at these sites is less than that for spinal density.<sup>4</sup>Moreover, radius measurements, at both midshaft and distal sites (and even trabecular bone measurements of the os calcis or from computed tomography of the limbs), cannot accurately predict the mineral density
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STUDIES IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
Authors: HEATHER M. DICK, N. G. FRASER, D. MURRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Antibody reacting at low titres with the basement membrane zone of jejunal mucosa was detected in the sera of eight patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, using an indirect immunofluorescent staining technique. Five of these sera reacted with normal jejunal mucosa, and with abnormal jejunal mucosa from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Three other sera reacted only with mucosa from dermatitis herpetiformis. Direct immunofluorescent staining revealed the presence of fixed γ-globulin in the basement membrane zone of jejunal mucosa from 4 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
Bone mineral density and vertebral compression fracture rates in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: S Donnelly, D.V. Doyle, A Denton, I Rolfe, E.V. McCloskey, T.D. Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To examine the relationship between disease severity and bone density as well as vertebral fracture risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Measurements were taken for bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fracture rates in 87 patients with AS. BMD was measured at the hip (femoral neck -FN), lumbar spine (L1-L4-LS) and for the whole body using a hologic-QDR-1000/W absorptiometer. An algorithm based on normal female ranges of vertebral heights was used to define a fracture as occurring when two vertebral ratios were each three standard deviations below the calculated mean of the controls. Patients with AS had significantly lower FN-BMD in proportion to disease severity (based on a Schober index) and disease duration. LS-BMD was also reduced in early disease, but in patients with advanced AS it had increased considerably. Nine vertebral fractures (10.3%) were identified which was considerably higher than expected when compared with a fracture of 1.9% in a control population of 1035 females of a similar age range. Patients with AS with fractures were significantly older, more likely to be male, had longer disease duration and more advanced spinal limitation with less mobility. There was no significant reduction in lumbar spine or femoral neck bone density in the fracture group. Vertebral fractures that result from osteoporosis are a feature of longstanding AS. BMD used as a measure of osteoporosis of the spine in advanced AS is unreliable probably as a result of syndesmophyte formation and does not predict the risk of vertebral fracture. Alternative sites such as the neck of the femur should be used for sequential assessment of BMD in AS.
European society issues guidelines on cardiovascular disease
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

New European guidelines extend recommendations for the prevention of coronary heart disease to cardiovascular disease and advise more aggressive interventions in high risk patients to reduce disability and premature deaths.

Announcing the guidelines at the European Society of Cardiology's annual congress in Vienna, Austria, last week, David Wood, professor of cardiovascular medicine at Imperial College, London, and a member of the guideline development task force, said: “The most important development in the new guidelines is that they cover atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as …
A drink a night keeps good slumber at bay
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Nipping before slipping into bed may be unwise for persons with serious pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, say Gainesville, Fla, investigators who detected sleep disturbances even in apparently healthy volunteers after a vodka nightcap. The University of Florida College of Medicine and Veterans Administration Medical Center researchers conducted a two-night study (one hour of drinking each night) with 20 asymptomatic men ranging in age from the 20s to the mid-60s. Eleven drank orange juice alone on the first night and orange juice containing 100-proof vodka (2 mL/kg of body weight) on the second night. The other nine volunteers drank the scientific screwdriver the first night and orange juice alone the second night. The investigators told the American Lung Association meeting in Detroit that with continuous monitoring of respiratory patterns, blood oxygen saturation, and sleep EEGs, they noted the following: A total of 110 apneic events (in which breathing through the
Limitations and potential of country of birth as proxy for ethnic group
Authors: Paramjit S Gill, Raj Bhopal, Sarah Wild, Joe Kai
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—We agree with Jarman and Aylin that recording of ethnic group on death certificates needs to be improved in the United Kingdom.1

Currently, country of birth has been included in each UK census since 1841 and is a readily available and objective, although crude, method of ethnic group classification.2 Indeed it remains a good proxy for ethnic group for …
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Diseases of the Skin
Authors: Malcolm S. Artenstein, D. Joseph Demis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE past decade has seen remarkable progress in knowledge of viruses pathogenic to man. Largely through the development of in vitro cell-culture technics it is now possible to propagate in the laboratory many viruses whose existence had been assumed because of the diseases that they produce — for example, measles, German measles, chicken pox. adenoviruses and common-cold viruses. In addition, the same technics have allowed the isolation of a number of agents, previously unknown, for which diseases in human beings have been sought: ECHO (enteric cytopathic human orphan) viruses and reoviruses are examples.Skin manifestations of viral infections have always . . .
Doppler Ultrasound in Cardiology: Physical Principles and Clinical Applications
Authors: Alberto Benchimol
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Hatle and Angelsen's book Doppler Ultrasound in Cardiology describes the physical principles and some clinical applications of both pulsed and continuous signals.  Of the eight chapters, five represent technical explanations of the technique, including concepts and equations that require knowledge of advanced physics and mathematics. The authors, recognizing this necessary scope of comprehension, outline an introductory reading path in the preface, which is unorthodox and complicated.  Two chapters explain the advantages and limitations of Doppler ultrasound in the assessment and evaluation of normal heart function and selected intracardiac disorders. During the past three years, major advances have been made in cardiovascular diagnosis by means of combined M-mode or two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler wave analysis. It is unfortunate that the authors did not include these methods, and, in fact, they dismiss such utility in the introduction. Major areas of application such as carotid or peripheral vascular disease are not discussed at
Crohn disease-associated Escherichia coli promote gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders by activation of HIF-dependent responses
Authors: Sanda Mimouna, Diogo Gonçalvès, Nicolas Barnich, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Paul Hofman, Valérie Vouret-Craviari
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Crohn disease (CD) ileal lesions are colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) that locally induce inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protein is expressed in acute and chronically inflamed site; however the molecular basis of this expression is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to access whether AIEC induce HIF-1α expression and to study the consequence of HIF-1α expression on the onset of Crohn disease pathogenesis. We show that HIF-1α is maximally expressed in inflamed ileal epithelium of CD-patients. CEACAM6, a protein that acts as a receptor of AIEC, is expressed in this particular condition. Using CEABAC 10 transgenic mice that express CEACAM6, we show that AIEC bacteria, but not non-pathogenic E. coli K12, induce the production of HIF-1alpha protein and the activation of VEGF/VEGFR signaling. Downstream analyses on human intestinal epithelial cells silenced for hif-1α, highlight the crucial role of this protein in production of pro-angiogenic factors. This study highlights the crucial role of AIEC bacteria as promoter of inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and provides clear evidence that HIF-1α protein plays a major role in mediating this effect.
Inhibition of progressive reduction of islet β-cell mass in spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats by α-glucosidase inhibitor
Authors: Motoi Koyama, Ryuichi Wada, Hiroki Mizukami, Hiroyasu Sakuraba, Hiroyuki Odaka, Hitoshi Ikeda, Soroku Yagihashi
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Trap of trends to statistical significance: likelihood of near significant P value becoming more significant with extra data
Authors: J. Wood, N. Freemantle, M. King, I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2014)

When faced with a P value that has failed to reach some specific threshold (generally P&lt;0.05), authors of scientific articles may imply a "trend towards statistical significance" or otherwise suggest that the failure to achieve statistical significance was due to insufficient data. This paper presents a quantitative analysis to show that such descriptions give a misleading impression and undermine the principle of accurate reporting.
Antigen-reactive T clones. III. Low responder antigen-presenting cells function effectively to present antigen to selected T cell clones derived from (High Responder x Low Responder)F1 mice.
Authors: M Kimoto, T J Krenz, C G Fathman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Long-term-cultured poly(Tyr, Glu)-poly-D,L,-Ala-poly-Lys [(T,G)-A--L]-reactive T cells and clones derived from (high responder x low responder)F1 [(C57BL/6 x A/J)F1] mice were shown to recognize (T,G)-A--L presented by cells from low responder strain A/J mice. The antigen-presenting determinant(s) that allowed recognition of (T,G)-A--L by such T cell clones was controlled by the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. These results suggest that there is no functional defect in the ability of low responder Ir gene products (I-A antigens) to associate with (T,G)-A--L for effective recognition by T cells. Although these results might tentatively be interpreted to suggest that Ir gene-controlled low responsiveness is due to the inability of the T cell to recognize the association between (T,G)-A--L and low responder I-A gene products, it is similarly possible that there might be a defect in the functional capabilities of low responder antigen-presenting cells to effectively process (T,G)-A--L into immunodominant epitopes.
Impact of plaque composition on arterial remodeling: Comparison between atherectomy tissue and intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Ryota Uemura, Eisei Yamamoto, Yukichi Tokita, Hiromi Kanazawa, Jun Tanabe, Hideo Takayama, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Yoshiaki Ohaki, Kyouichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
[unk] (Levothyroxine)-Reply
Authors: Felix Stungevicius
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  — JAMA reaches a wide range of Chinese-speaking medical and health care specialists all over the world. There are over 1.25 billion Chinese-speaking people and not many of them have full command of the medical specialty involved, nor are there too many of them who have the expertise to select an appropriate Chinese term for levothyroxine that would be readily recognized and identified as such by all Chinese-speaking medical professionals.  Since this appears to be a term that originated from the English language, we have attempted to stick to the timehonored principle of using the original term as it is unequivocally identified in the US Pharmacopoeia . The English language provides the largest number of identifiable words used by the human race in that it accounts for about 500 000 different words. The next language, with a comparable affinity to science and technology, is German, which accounts for some
Eosinophiluria and Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Andrew Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Over the past two decades, testing for eosinophiluria has gained widespread acceptance as a means of screening for acute interstitial nephritis. The frequent use of this test may be explained, in part, by the subtle clinical presentation of this condition (fever, rash, arthralgia, and renal failure), which mimics other entities, such as pyelonephritis and renal manifestation of various systemic diseases. Renal biopsy, although used infrequently to diagnose acute interstitial nephritis, continues to be the gold standard. The data on urinary eosinophil testing are inconsistent. A report in the Journal in 1986 by Nolan et al.1 states that . . .
The Detection of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Attila Lörincz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Readers who are interested in the detection and clinical implications of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may appreciate an alternative interpretation of the recent<i>JAMA</i>article by Bauer et al,<sup>1</sup>which compares polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as performed in a research laboratory, with the Vira Pap/ViraType dot blot system run in a commercial reference laboratory. The article states that PCR detected HPV DNA in 46% of their female university students, as opposed to only 11% detected by the dot blot test. The implicit assumption here (which is by no means proven) is that higher sensitivity is superior. It should be emphasized that PCR detected a wide range of different HPV types. Many of these HPVs are not associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer, and many others we know absolutely nothing about. It is, in fact, uncertain whether all of these "unknown" HPVs are even genital
1066-191 A phase I study of intramuscular administration of plasmid, developmentally regulated endothelial cell locus-1 gene, in humans with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Sanjay Rajagopalan, Jeffrey Snell, Marc Litt, Gary L Schaer, Ronald Karlsberg, Suheil Dohad, Stuart W Young
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)