tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Capsid-Modified Adenovirus Vector Devoid of All Viral Genes: Assessment of Transduction and Toxicity in Human Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Hartmut Stecher, Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov, George Stamatoyannopoulos, André Lieber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Inefficient gene transfer has limited the success of gene therapy in the hematopoietic system. Here we develop a novel chimeric adenovirus (Ad) vector containing Ad serotype 11 fiber-modified capsids and E1/E3 deleted viral genomes (Ad5/11) or genomes devoid of all viral genes (DeltaAd5/11). The capsid-modified vectors transduced human hematopoietic cells more efficiently than the unmodified Ad5-based vector. The absence of viral genes from the DeltaAd5/11 vector allowed for transduction without the associated toxicity seen with the first-generation E1/E3 deleted vector. Chimeric vectors were used for transient expression of the ecotropic retrovirus receptor (ecoR) in Mo7e cells (a CD34-positive, c-Kit-positive, growth-factor-dependent human cell line) as a model for human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Expression of ecoR conferred susceptibility to subsequent retroviral transduction. The DeltaAd5/11 vector used to express ecoR allowed for expansion of retrovirally transduced cells, whereas transduction with the first-generation Ad5/11 vector resulted in cytotoxicity and, over time, loss of cells expressing the retrovirus-vector-derived transgene.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress after carbon monoxide hypoxia in the rat brain.
Authors: J Zhang, C A Piantadosi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To better understand the mechanisms of tissue injury during and after carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxia, we studied the generation of partially reduced oxygen species (PROS) in the brains of rats subjected to 1% CO for 30 min, and then reoxygenated on air for 0-180 min. By determining H2O2-dependent inactivation of catalase in the presence of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ), we found increased H2O2 production in the forebrain after reoxygenation. The localization of catalase to brain microperoxisomes indicated an intracellular site of H2O2 production; subsequent studies of forebrain mitochondria isolated during and after CO hypoxia implicated nearby mitochondria as the source of H2O2. In the mitochondria, two periods of PROS production were indicated by decreases in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). These periods of oxidative stress occurred immediately after CO exposure and 120 min after reoxygenation, as indicated by 50 and 43% decreases in GSH/GSSG, respectively. The glutathione depletion data were supported by studies of hydroxyl radical generation using a salicylate probe. The salicylate hydroxylation products, 2,3 and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), were detected in mitochondria from CO exposed rats in significantly increased amounts during the same time intervals as decreases in GSH/GSSG. The DHBA products were increased 3.4-fold immediately after CO exposure, and threefold after 120 min reoxygenation. Because these indications of oxidative stress were not prominent in the postmitochondrial fraction, we propose that PROS generated in the brain after CO hypoxia originate primarily from mitochondria. These PROS may contribute to CO-mediated neuronal damage during reoxygenation after severe CO intoxication.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Rene Faivre
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  It has been observed recently that venous thrombus extension occurs more frequently in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) treated with intravenous standard heparin compared with subcutaneous standard heparin. 1,2 Moreover, venous thrombolysis was achieved more frequently with subcutaneous heparin therapy. Previous reports on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the initial treatment of DVT have shown an efficacy similar to subcutaneous heparin treatment. 1,3,4 Data reported by Vitoux and colleagues, 5 while confirming that heparin therapy did not prevent thrombus extension in some cases, did not give evidence for the real efficacy of LMWH.  Furthermore, the study by Vitoux et al fails to comment on certain clinical aspects of LMWH use in acute DVT. For example, the high incidence of thrombus extension and the absence of thrombus reduction on phlebography performed on the eighth day may have been different if subcutaneous LMWH had been
Inhaled formaldehyde exposure: effect on bronchial response to mite allergen in sensitized asthma patients
Authors: A. Casset, C. Marchand, A. Purohit, S. Le Calve, B. Uring‐Lambert, C. Donnay, P. Meyer, F. De Blay
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Formaldehyde, an indoor air pollutant, is known to be an irritant and an etiologic factor in occupational asthma. An epidemiologic study suggests that it may also increase the risk of childhood asthma for concentrations above 60 microg/m(3).To evaluate the influence of pre-exposure to low-dose formaldehyde (100 microg/m(3) in 30 min according to the World Health Organization's recommended maximum value for indoor environments) on bronchial response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Nineteen asthmatic subjects were included. Each subject underwent a mite allergen bronchial challenge test immediately after a standardized exposure in a chamber to formaldehyde or air (random order). Induced sputum were collected 24 h before and after mite challenge.After formaldehyde inhalation, patients developed an immediate bronchial response at a significantly lower dose of mite allergen than after air exposure (the geometric mean PD(20) for Der p 1 was 34.3 ng after formaldehyde and 45.4 ng after placebo, P = 0.05). The late-phase reaction, expressed as the maximum fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) from baseline, was significantly higher after formaldehyde (15%vs 11%, P = 0.046).Our study demonstrated that exposure to low levels of formaldehyde significantly enhanced bronchial responsiveness to mite allergen in mite-sensitized subjects with asthma.
A Clinical Lecture on Ulceration of the Stomach with Special Reference to the Statistics of Thirty-Five Consecutive Cases
Authors: M. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1890)

GEBNTLEMEN,-Having brought under your notice several cases of ulceration of the stomach, I now propose to direct your attention to the results of an analysis of 35 consecutive cases.'The first point to be noted is the frequency of the affection as met with in hospital practice.I find that 2,538 medical cases yielded 35 illustrations of gastric ulcer, or nearly 1 in 73, that is, about 11 per cent.The Sex of the Patient.-It is well known that the disease is much more frequent in females than in males, but there is some difference of opinion as to the proportionate excess of female cases.Ziemssen tells us that the journals of the Pathologico-Anatomical Institution in Erlangen show that of 53 cases in which ulcers or cicatrices were discovered on post-mortem examination, 35 were in females and 15 in males, while Brinton gives the proportion as 2 to 1.This estimate, however, like Ziemssen's, is based on fatal cases, which may partly account for the widely different result brought out by my statistics.These show that of 35 cases, 32 occurred in females and only 3 in males.And this disproportion is all the more striking when I mention the fact that the former occurred among 927 female medical cases, the latter among 1,611 males, that is to say, that in males gastric ulcer was met with once in 537, and, in females, once in 29 medical cases,
A Clinical Lecture on the Treatment of Diphtheria
Authors: J. Herald
Journal: BMJ (1897)

plained of irritable bladder, which had lasted for some ten or twelve imonths.She passed blood December ist, 1893, small quantity.April 6th, K896, again passed blood, and as far as I could find out at the end of mic- turition and accompanied with burning, smarting pain.She also com- plained of pain in the right renal region, and upon examination of the idney it was movable and enlarged.She hadchills,and temperature*
New England journal
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sunday: United States immigration officials are scary. In my student days they sniffed my toothpaste—or was it the Customs? The huge shoulder badges still intimidate me, even here in Shannon airport where the lady with the stamp tries to inject world weary gruffness into her west of Ireland brogue.

Monday: “Grand rounds” suggests big processions from bed to bed, or a series of cases with obscure Bostonian diagnoses to challenge the visiting professor. It actually means …
Patients are ready for partnership
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Why are we still so bad at providing patients with information? Despite the best efforts of some health professionals, communication is often patchy, many questions are never asked for want of an opportunity or for fear of appearing demanding, and answers can be contradictory and confusing. As a result, patients and their families are all too often cast as supplicants, scrabbling for crumbs from medicine’s high table. All of which stands in the way of their ability to understand what’s happening and to be active in decisions about their health. How could we do better?

Tessa …
From Nottingham to Nijmegen
Authors: M. DOHERTY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

The next 12 months will see important changes in the Annals . From 1 July the editorial office moved to Nijmegen under the editorship of Leo van de Putte, and from January 2000 the Annals will become the official journal of EULAR though still retaining its half century old title Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. Leo is exceptionally well qualified for the position of editor. He is an internationally respected researcher, he is the immediate past president of EULAR, and has been an active member of the Annals editorial board for seven years. Adoption of the journal by EULAR is also appropriate. The Annals is arguably the top ranking rheumatology journal in Europe and has the expert backup of the BMJ editorial and publishing teams to ensure quality and professionalism. The …
Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with central nervous system involvement show autoantibodies to a 50-kD neuronal membrane protein.
Authors: V G Hanson, M Horowitz, D Rosenbluth, H Spiera, S Puszkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

An antibody was detected in the sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement that reacted with a 50-kD antigen in the plasma membrane of brain synaptic terminals. The 50-kD antigen was solubilized with Triton X-100 from preparations enriched with synaptic plasma membranes, and was partially purified by molecular sieve filtration column chromatography. The sera of 19 of 20 CNS-SLE patients showed strong to moderate immunoreactivity with the 50-kD protein in Western blots. Immunoreactivity with the 50-kD protein was also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of CNS-SLE patients. Control sera from healthy individuals did not react with the 50-kD protein. Low to background reactivity was detected in 35% of a group of SLE patients without CNS manifestations, and in 3% of patients displaying other connective tissue diseases. A total of 100 individuals were tested in this study. Purified autoantibodies to the 50-kD protein from CNS-SLE patients were used for immunofluorescent labeling of neuroblastoma cells. The immunofluorescent staining revealed a distinct macular distribution pattern on the surface of the cell membrane. Taken together, the data suggest that the 50-kD protein may be an important target for autoantibodies, preponderantly found in CNS-SLE patients, and that the antigen may play a role in the pathogenesis of some neurological manifestations in SLE.
Thallium and Gallium Scintigraphy in Pulmonary Kaposi??s Sarcoma in an HIV-Positive Patient
Authors: MA DEL VAL G??MEZ, JOS?? MANUEL CASTRO BEIRAS, F??LIX G. GALLARDO, JOS?? VERDEJO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A positive TI-201 and negative Ga-67 pattern scan has been proposed for the scintigraphic diagnosis of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS. The authors believe this approach should be taken with caution because Kaposi's sarcoma is often located in a small area such as the wall of the trachea or a segmental bronchus of a single lobe, and a concurrent infection is also common. This combination results in a negative thallium and positive gallium pattern scan.
A Pragmatic Protocol for I-131 rhTSH-Stimulated Ablation Therapy in Patients With Renal Failure
Authors: A A. Driedger, S Quirk, T J. McDonald, S Ledger, D Gray, W Wall, J Yoo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Purpose: Ablation of thyroid remnants in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and renal failure can be challenging because of the altered and variable clearance rates of iodine from the blood secondary to variations in dialysis protocols, which complicate the selection of the appropriate I-131 dose. The advent of recombinant human TSH allows a simpler approach to dosimetry and ablation without rendering the patient hypothyroid. Avoidance of hypothyroidism may be an important consideration for patients who are experiencing various morbidities from conditions associated with renal failure. Method: Three patients on dialysis, who had undergone total thyroidectomy and were euthyroid on l-thyroxine replacement, were given diagnostic doses of I-131 followed by blood and whole-body retention measurements through serial dialyses to determine individual blood clearance rates. After administration of rhTSH, each patient received an ablative dose of I-131 calculated to keep total body dose below 1 Gy. Results: The treatments were administered without complications, and in follow-up imaging of 2 available patients, the ablations were demonstrated to be complete. Conclusion: Dosimetry performed on euthyroid dialysis patients permits I-131 dose selection and avoids the additional morbidity of hypothyroidism.
Mutations of NPHP2 and NPHP3 in infantile nephronophthisis
Authors: Kálmán Tory, Caroline Rousset-Rouvière, Marie-Claire Gubler, Vincent Morinière, Audrey Pawtowski, Céline Becker, Claude Guyot, Sophie Gié, Yaacov Frishberg, Hubert Nivet, Georges Deschênes, Pierre Cochat, Marie-France Gagnadoux, Sophie Saunier, Corinne Antignac, Rémi Salomon
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Intense Gallbladder Uptake Associated With Chemotherapy
Authors: PATRICIA A. LOWRY, CRISTIE CARSTENS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Focal and diffuse hepatic uptake of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals may be due to a variety of conditions including tumors and radiopharmaceutical impurity. However, uptake in the gallbladder is unusual with currently used skeletal agents. Three patients (aged 10, 15, and 16 years) underwent routine whole-body bone scans during a course of intensive chemotherapy with VP-16 and ifosphamide. Images showed intense gallbladder and faint liver uptake. No patient had symptoms of cholecystitis. Radiopharmaceutical quality control revealed no impurities. Repeat bone scans after completion of chemotherapy showed no liver or gallbladder uptake. The authors conclude that this finding represents altered distribution induced by the chemotherapy regimen, and should not be misinterpreted as intrinsic liver or gallbladder disease.
THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE FIBROBLAST AND THE MACROPHAGE
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

1. A pure strain of fibroblasts has been isolated from Sarcoma 10 of the Crocker Foundation. After about 16 months of life in vitro, the malignancy of the strain is as great as that of the original tumor. 2. The strain has been compared with a strain of normal rat fibroblasts. The malignant cells are generally larger, coarser, and more refringent than normal cells. They possess all the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. They do not show any abnormalities and never degenerate and die. They are to all appearances healthy cells. Their mode of locomotion is identical with that of normal fibroblasts. Their colonies are larger, but the architecture is similar. 3. The residual activity of both cell types, the duration of their life, and their rate of growth in a nutrient medium are almost identical. 4. The sarcomatous fibroblasts liquefy a rat plasma coagulum while normal fibroblasts do not. They turn phenol red golden yellow whereas, under the same conditions, normal cells turn it pinkish orange. 5. Sarcomatous and normal fibroblasts of the rat multiply to an unlimited degree in chick embryo juice. They live for only a short time in rat serum and chick serum. Calf liver digest will suffice for an unlimited proliferation of sarcoma fibroblasts, but fails to support the life of normal fibroblasts for very long. 6. The presence of bone marrow greatly increases the rate of growth of sarcomatous fibroblasts cultivated in rat serum, while it only slightly affects that of the normal cells. The unlimited growth of the sarcomatous tissue in animals to which it is transplanted may be attributed to the presence of macrophages, which are a normal constituent of the tumor, and possibly are a necessary factor of its growth in vivo.
Affect programs, intentionality, and consciousness
Authors: Craig DeLancey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

I express two concerns with the theory of emotion that Rolls provides: (1) rewards and punishers alone fail to explain the basic emotions; (2) Rolls needs to clarify his notion of the intentionality of emotions. I also criticize his theory of consciousness, arguing that it fails to explain qualia, and that ironically it is emotions which make this most evident.
Triggering a heart attack
Authors: M C Petch
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Headlines such as “Shopkeeper dies while chasing thieves” and the ever increasing volume of letters from solicitors to cardiologists testify to the fact that the press and public are convinced that heart attacks are triggered by events. For bereaved relatives, sadness and grief may turn to loneliness and bitterness, and increasingly today to a desire to blame something or someone. The sympathetic solicitor in his office in the hospital foyer lends a willing ear and seeks expert advice. Employers and insurers also want an answer to the question of what triggers a heart attack.

The suspicion that vigorous physical effort might provoke myocardial infarction was raised some 60 years ago.1 Emotional distress has likewise been incriminated.2 More recent studies have corroborated these findings. The MILIS (Multicenter Investigation of Limitation of Infarct Size) investigators, for example, found that antecedent physical activity was present in 14.1% of 849 cases and emotional upset in 18.4%.3 One American4 and one German study,5 using the novel epidemiological method known as case crossover, have suggested respectively a sixfold and twofold increase in risk of myocardial infarction in the hour after heavy physical exertion such as slow jogging, shovelling snow, swimming, pushing a lawnmower, or heavy gardening. The German study suggested further that there was an increased risk in the hours after waking or emotional upset.5 The suspicion that ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death also occur more often than would be expected by chance during vigorous physical effort enjoys support from exercise testing laboratories and elsewhere.6 Only one small and rather overlooked …
Reducing Hospitalizations in Nursing Home Patients With Pneumonia—Reply
Authors: Mark Loeb, Soo Chan Carusone, Thomas Marrie
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Co-delivery of all-trans-retinoic acid and doxorubicin for cancer therapy with synergistic inhibition of cancer stem cells
Authors: Rong Sun, Yang Liu, Shi-Yong Li, Song Shen, Xiao-Jiao Du, Cong-Fei Xu, Zhi-Ting Cao, Yan Bao, Yan-Hua Zhu, Ya-Ping Li, Xian-Zhu Yang, Jun Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Changes in the symptoms and ultrasound signs of achilles tendinopathy during a twelve week course of loaded eccentric training: a pilot study
Authors: A Jangra, M Perry, N Maffulli, P Malliaras, D Morrissey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background 12 weeks of eccentric exercise has been shown to be a useful therapy for Achilles tendinopathy, but little is known of the time-course of recovery, or the nature of any structural changes during therapy. Objectives To assess the time-course and pattern of Achilles tendon symptoms, thickness, stiffness, and ultrasound (US) signs during 12 weeks of eccentric exercise (EE). Methods Five subjects of age range (mean) 38–52 (46) years with main-body AT were included. For each subject, serial measurements of VISA-A score, the presence of neovascularisation and grey-scale US signs within the tendon, and the thickness of the Achilles tendon at 3 points were recorded for the first three weeks of a twelve week EE programme. Results Median VISA-A score increased from 48.5 to 54.5 (p=0.116). Median mid-tendon thickness decreased from 0.834 cm to 0.790 cm (p=0.107). A trend towards a decrease in tendon thickness was noted directly superior to the retrocalcaneal bursa and at the soleus myotendinous junction. Neovascularisation, paratenon blurring and hypoechoic areas improved in 1/3, 1/3 and 2/5 tendons respectively. No significant change occurred in median tendon stiffness. Conclusion 3 weeks of EE do not produce significant changes in AT symptoms and tendon thickness or stiffness, but improve US signs and neovascularisation in some subjects. The non-significance of findings may be a type II error and further work with larger sample sizes is planned.