tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bronchial mucosa presenting with reversible airflow obstruction.
Authors: G E Packe, C W Edwards, R M Cayton
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Virtually all primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the lower respiratory tract affect the lung parenchyma and are associated with an abnormal chest radiograph.'We report a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mucosa of the major bronchi, who presented with reversible airflow obstruction.There was no other clinical or radiographic evidence of tumour and the disease responded rapidly and completely to radiotherapy. Case reportA 43 year old woman, who smoked 15 cigarettes a day, gave a six month history of increasing breathlessness on exertion, wheeze, and an unproductive cough.Physical examination revealed no abnormality.The chest radio- graph showed features consistent with emphysema.Spirometric measurements were: FEV, 2.1 1 (77% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) 4.5 1 (125%), and FEVI/FVC ratio 47%.The expiratory limb of a maximal l on May 31,
Mouse model of Prinzmetal angina by disruption of the inward rectifier Kir6.1
Authors: Takashi Miki, Masashi Suzuki, Tadao Shibasaki, Hiroko Uemura, Toshiaki Sato, Kaori Yamaguchi, Haruhiko Koseki, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Haruaki Nakaya, Susumu Seino
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
POTENCY OF DIGITALIS PREPARATIONS
Authors: Erwin E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journal, October 11, page 1243, appeared an article calling attention to the increase in potency of the digitalis preparations in the U. S. Pharmacopeia XI, which became official June 1, 1936 (Bland, E. F., and White, Paul D.: The Strength of Digitalis in Clinical Use: A Warning). Unfortunately, not enough publicity was given to the change at the time when it took effect. Further, there has been some controversy as to just what the change was. This communication is written to present the intent of those responsible for the next revision of the U. S. Pharmacopeia.  The change in potency made at the time of the last revision was intended to bring the digitalis preparations of the U. S. Pharmacopeia XI into line with those of, countries accepting the League of Nations Standards. In the U. S. Pharmacopeia XI (p. 136) appears the following statement
Agricultural and Public Health Aspects of Radioactive Contamination in Normal and Emergency Situations
Authors: James B. McCandless
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Experts on environmental radiation from 33 countries gathered in a United Nations sponsored seminar in December 1961 in the Netherlands. These experts did not constitute a legislative body; no decisions were made, yet the proceedings of their little-publicized meeting may eventually prove to be more important than the action of the UN Security Council during the same period. The seminar concerned possibly the most important problems man must face until he is able to establish a true world commonwealth.  Aspects of nuclear medicine, reactor operations and accidents, natural background, fallout, and radioactive-waste disposal are presented in a variety of papers. Sensible and sensitive discussions follow the papers. Every physician must become aware of the variety of environmental radiation problems. For example, an airplane carrying a shipment of radioactive isotopes crashes. Who can say, This cannot happen here!?  Both the importance and the limitations of the book result from its sponsorship
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: John J. Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN 1872 Kaposi1 described a peculiar pigmented multiple sarcoma of the skin that still defies clinicians and pathologists. Almost 800 cases have been reported in the literature, and many of these have been studied intensively by all methods now available: bacteriologic tests; tissue tests; transplantation; attempted induction by carcinogens; histochemical stains; and epidemiologic and clinical surveys. Yet its etiology is unknown; its histogenesis is clouded, and its clinical course and therapy are confused.The lesions in the skin are reddish, reddish brown or purple and often begin as multiple macules, which enlarge and become nodular. They may coalesce, to form . . .
Acute Coronary Syndromes — Beyond Myocyte Necrosis
Authors: LeRoy E. Rabbani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The acute coronary syndromes, which comprise unstable angina, myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, and myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, continue to be a major health problem. Recent important advances in revascularization techniques, such as the advent of coronary-artery stenting, have been paralleled by developments in drug treatment. A typical approach to the acute coronary syndromes includes multiple treatment options: aspirin, beta-blockers, nitrates, unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, clopidogrel, coronary stenting, thrombolytic agents, statins, and angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Therefore, one of the most important challenges in this era of cost containment is to identify the subgroup of . . .
S43 Polyfunctional T cells reveal the spectrum of tuberculosis in HIV co-infection through the identification of immunological correlates of latent and active disease
Authors: K. M. Pollock, D. Montamat-Sicotte, G. Cooke, M. Kapembwa, O. M. Kon, G. P. Taylor, A. Lalvani
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Approximately one-third of the world9s population is infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB), mostly as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). HIV co-infection confers the single greatest risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) and thus provides an opportunity to study the host–pathogen interaction in LTBI. The stage of TB disease and effect of advancing HIV infection should be reflected in the phenotype and function of MTB-specific T cells. <h3>Aims</h3> To compare MTB-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in donors from four clinical phenotypes (TB/HIV, TB, LTBI/HIV and LTBI) and test whether TB in the context of HIV is a spectrum of disease dependent on mycobacterial load consequent upon advancing immunosuppression and viraemia. <h3>Methods</h3> Donors (n=34) with or without HIV co-infection were carefully selected for active TB or LTBI. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated overnight with purified protein derivative (PPD) or a combination of MTB-specific antigens. An 11-colour intracellular cytokine secretion assay was used to assess CD3, CD4, CD8, IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α expression. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of participants with a CD8+ PPD-specific IFN-γ (p=0.001) or TNF-α (p=0.006) response closely mirrored stage of TB disease, whereas the equivalent CD4 response was unaffected. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ PPD-specific cells increased with TB stage for IFN-γ and TNF-α, but did not increase in HIV/TB co-infection compared with TB (Abstract S43 figure 1). When individual cytokine subsets were examined, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α or dual responses was higher in all participants with TB compared with LTBI. CD4+IL-2+ cells were reduced by HIV co-infection, especially IFN-γ+/IL-2+ cells (p=0.008) and this was apparent as a proportion of total cytokine response (p=0.016). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The proportion of CD8+ IFN-γ or TNF-α responders was a more sensitive indicator of TB stage than CD4 responses. CD4+ IL-2 responses were vulnerable to HIV co-infection, possibly affecting CD8+ IFN-γ and TNF-α responses at high viral loads, increasing susceptibility to active TB. These immune correlates of the TB spectrum and the MTB-specific T-cell deficiencies caused by HIV co-infection are important in rationalising treatment of co-infection as well as testing new vaccines and therapeutics.
Day of action in support of NHS fails to get enough support at BMA conference
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Delegates at the BMA’s annual representative meeting in Liverpool this week overwhelmingly backed the association’s new campaign to fight commercialisation in the NHS but stopped short of agreeing to hold a march or take part in a national day of industrial action.

Members actually voted by a small majority in favour of a national march and rally, …
Research in Russia on Vitamins and Atherosclerosis
Authors: ERNST SIMONSON, ANCEL KEYS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

T HE EFFECTS of vitamins on atherogenesis and its clinical complications have been investigated extensively in Russia during the past 15 years.The importance of certain vitamins in the treatment of coronary heart disease and other manifestations of severe atherosclerosis seems to be generally accepted.Since some of these views are not held in the United States and other Western countries, it is of interest to present here a review of the pertinent Russian literature.The references cited are representative rather than complete, but we have attempted to include the most important studies.No attempt is made here to cover the corresponding Western literature.Research Approaches and Methods in Russia Several approaches have been used by Rus- sian investigators and a general comment on their validity and limitations may be useful before reviewing specific results.The Russian work is concerned with pharmacologic dosages of vitamins, usually far in excess of normal average vitamin intakes and requirements for nutritional purposes, and not with vitamin de- ficiencies or variations in ordinary diets.][3][4] The evidence presented for the effects of the vitamins comes from two general sources- experiments on laboratory animals, largely confined to rabbits, and observations on the
Acute pulmonary vasoconstriction and thromboxane release during protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation in awake sheep. Evidence for the role of reactive oxygen metabolites following nonimmunological complement activation.
Authors: D R Morel, E Lowenstein, T Nguyenduy, D R Robinson, J E Repine, D E Chenoweth, W M Zapol
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

When protamine (2 mg/kg) was injected intravenously into awake sheep 5 minutes after infusing heparin (200 units/kg), there was transient diffuse pulmonary vasoconstriction with mean pulmonary arterial pressure increasing from 18.0 +/- 0.7 to 43.8 +/- 2.7 mm Hg at 1 minute (x +/- SEM; n = 10). In addition, there was profound leukopenia (36.9 +/- 7.7% of baseline values at 2 minutes) with transpulmonary leukocyte sequestration and transiently elevated plasma concentrations of C3a (from 420 +/- 146 to 1,599 +/- 249 ng/ml; n = 3, p less than 0.01) and thromboxane B2 (from 0.30 +/- 0.05 to 6.3 +/- 2.8 ng/ml; n = 10, p less than 0.0001), without significant increases of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin F2 alpha, leukotrienes, or histamine. Intravenous injection of protamine alone produced no hemodynamic effects and did not increase plasma levels of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids. Intravenous pretreatment with either a cyclooxygenase inhibitor or a hydrogen peroxide scavenger (dimethylthiourea) blocked both the increases of thromboxane levels and the pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Agreement to cut emissions is a "modest but significant step forward"
Authors: J. Vidal
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United States and major developing countries such as China, Brazil, and India will for the first time be legally committed to reducing climate changing emissions from 2020, after an historic deal struck in Durban, South Africa.

The package of measures agreed between 194 countries was struck in the early hours of 11 December and came after six days and three nights of ministerial wrangling.

The talks resulted in a decision to adopt the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol next year in return for a “road map” to a global legal agreement covering all parties for the first time. Negotiations will begin on …
Saving the planet as well as lives
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Commitment to survival or apoptosis within expanding progenitor populations poses distinct risks and benefits to the organism. We investigated whether specialized mechanisms regulate apoptosis in mouse neural progenitors and in the progenitor-derived brain tumor medulloblastoma. Here, we identified constitutive activation of proapoptotic Bax, maintained in check by Bcl-xL, as a mechanism for rapid cell death, common to postnatal neural progenitors and medulloblastoma. We found that tonic activation of Bax in cerebellar progenitors, along with sensitivity to DNA damage, was linked to differentiation state. In cerebellar progenitors, active Bax localized to mitochondria, where it was bound to Bcl-xL. Disruption of Bax:Bcl-xL binding by BH3-mimetic ABT 737 caused rapid apoptosis of cerebellar progenitors and primary murine medulloblastoma cells. Conditional deletion of Mcl-1, in contrast, did not cause death of cerebellar progenitors. Our findings identify a mechanism for the sensitivity of brain progenitors to typical anticancer therapies and reveal that this mechanism persists in medulloblastoma, a malignant brain tumor markedly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy.
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 mediates dimethyl fumarate’s protective effect in EAE
Authors: Hui Chen, Julian C. Assmann, Antje Krenz, Mahbubur Rahman, Myriam Grimm, Christian M. Karsten, Jörg Köhl, Stefan Offermanns, Nina Wettschureck, Markus Schwaninger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Taken orally, the drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to improve functional outcomes for patients with MS; however, it is unclear how DMF mediates a protective effect. DMF and, more so, its active metabolite, monomethyl fumarate, are known agonists of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA₂), a G protein-coupled membrane receptor. Here, we evaluated the contribution of HCA₂ in mediating the protective effect afforded by DMF in EAE, a mouse model of MS. DMF treatment reduced neurological deficit, immune cell infiltration, and demyelination of the spinal cords in wild-type mice, but not in Hca2⁻/⁻ mice, indicating that HCA₂ is required for the therapeutic effect of DMF. In particular, DMF decreased the number of infiltrating neutrophils in a HCA₂-dependent manner, likely by interfering with neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and chemotaxis. Together, our data indicate that HCA₂ mediates the therapeutic effects of DMF in EAE. Furthermore, identification of HCA₂ as a molecular target may help to optimize MS therapy.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of a Secreted Transforming Growth Factor-β Type II Receptor Inhibits Luminal Loss and Constrictive Remodeling After Coronary Angioplasty and Enhances Adventitial Collagen Deposition
Authors: Paul A. Kingston, Sanjay Sinha, Anne David, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Anthony M. Heagerty
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is central to the development of restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). As a regulator of ECM deposition by vascular cells, substantial evidence implicates transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the pathogenesis of restenosis. We investigated the effects of intracoronary expression of a transgenic antagonist of TGF-β1 on luminal loss after PTCA. Methods and Results Porcine coronary arteries were randomized to receive a recombinant adenovirus expressing a secreted form of TGF-β type II receptor (Ad5-RIIs), an adenovirus expressing β-galactosidase (Ad5- lacZ ), or vehicle only by intramural injection at the site of PTCA. Computerized morphometry 28 days after angioplasty revealed a greater minimum luminal area in Ad5-RIIs–injected arteries (1.71±0.12 mm 2 ) than in the Ad5- lacZ (1.33±0.13 mm 2 ) or vehicle-only (1.08±0.17 mm 2 ; P =0.010 by ANOVA) groups. This was accompanied by greater areas within the internal ( P =0.013) and external ( P =0.031) elastic laminae in Ad5-RIIs–treated vessels. Adventitial collagen content at the site of injury was increased in the Ad5-RIIs group, in contrast to decreases in the Ad5- lacZ and vehicle-only groups ( P =0.004). Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated antagonism of TGF-β1 at the site of PTCA reduces luminal loss after PTCA by inhibiting constrictive remodeling. Antagonism of TGF-β1 stimulates the formation of a dense collagenous adventitia, which prevents constrictive remodeling by acting as an external scaffold. These findings demonstrate the potential of gene therapy–mediated antagonism of TGF-β1 as prophylactic therapy for restenosis.
Center for Genetic Research on Scleroderma
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE FIRST major center for the study of genetic and environmental factors that lead to the development of scleroderma has been established by a $2.5 million grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. The 4-year grant from this agency of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, will support a multidisciplinary and multicenter assault on this littleunderstood but often fatal connective tissue disease, which affects an estimated 500 000 people in the United States.  One of the main goals of the Specialized Center of Research in Scleroderma, headquartered at the University of Texas (UT) Medical School at Houston, is to map the genes responsible for at least the familial forms of the disease.  According to the center's director, Frank C. Arnett, MD, professor and director of the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics at UT-Houston, the center's research team will include more than 20 basic
Case of Poisoning by Nux-Vomica
Authors: T. H. Wardleworth
Journal: BMJ (1844)

POISONING BY NUXTIOMICA.447 no, donabt hwe%beenmdily worke upon, as he is very much waatk is moral courage, gs shon by his not submiting to those energetic remedial agents recomi- meu4e4 w*n the affection was in its early stage.September 8th, 1844.I witnessed the progress of this c'ude.
Diplopia and oral anticoagulants.
Authors: J. P. Penney, V. K. Jain
Journal: BMJ (1967)

sHu^375 servation as inpatients for periods varying from 14 weeks to 38 years (mean 12.6 years) before treatment.One improved in gait and arm after seven days of treatment, but another showed no improvement until after two months, when walking improved, but not until four and a half months later was improvement seen in the spasticity of the arm.'
Which lipid/lipoprotein ratio best predicts angiographic coronary artery disease?
Authors: Tami L. Bair, Joseph B. Muhlestein, John F. Carlquist, Chloe A. Allen Maycock, Robert R. Pearson, Sandra P. Reyna, Benjamin D. Horne, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Diuretic and antidiuretic hormones
Authors: E Schlatter
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

This focussed issue of Cardiovascular Research summarizes several review articles describing our up-to-date understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of diuretic and antidiuretic hormones together with new findings in several original reports. These diuretic and antidiuretic hormones comprise vasopressin, different members of the natriuretic peptide family, nitric oxide, and endothelin. The collection of reviews and original articles attempts to address questions from the molecular structure of these hormones and their receptors, their physiological and pathophysiological function, clinical implications, therapeutic use of mimetics and inhibitors to mutations in these molecules found in patients. The majority, especially of the review articles, focuses on the renal actions of these hormones and their importance for fluid homeostasis. A number of additional papers discusses … 

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TCT-569 5-year Clinical Outcomes of Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-eluting Stents versus Durable Polymer Sirolimus-eluting Stents in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus: a LEADERS Sub-study
Authors: Axel Linke, Paweł Buszman, Patrick Serruys, Thomas Ischinger, Diethmar Antoni, Volker Klauss, Hae-Young Sohn, Franz Eberli, Roberto Corti, William Wijns, Marie-Claude Morice, Carlo Di Mario, Peter Juni, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Transfusion management of an IgA deficient patient with anti-IgA and incidental correction of IgA deficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: R.L. Rogers, T.A. Javed, R.E. Ross, G. Virella, R.K. Stuart, D. Frei-Lahr
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A patient with multiple myeloma was noted to have an IgA deficiency during investigation of a possible transfusion reaction due to IgA deficiency and anti-IgA. Because of the patient's age, otherwise good health, and early stage of disease, he was enrolled in a research treatment protocol that involved an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). The BMT successfully put the patient in complete remission from his multiple myeloma and corrected his IgA deficiency. Class-specific IgG anti-IgA antibody that had been identified prior to BMT was no longer detectable in his plasma. Anaphylactic transfusion reactions were successfully avoided by using a combination of IgA-deficient and washed blood components including the marrow graft, and IgA-reduced intravenous immunoglobulin. Am. J. Hematol. 57:326–330, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gastric Bleeding and Aspirin
Authors: George E. Shambaugh
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your EDITORIAL, "Aspirin and Bleeding" (<b>218</b>:89, 1971) repeats a timely warning, but in a rather faint whisper rather than the clarion trumpet call that is appropriate. Mention is made of the "crippling effects of aspirin" in patients with hemophilia, multiple telangiectasis, peptic ulcer, and in neonates, but no mention is made of fatal or near fatal gastric hemorrhage occurring after moderate doses of aspirin in otherwise normal, healthy individuals. Personal experience with such an occurrence is worth relating. A healthy man, age 67 years had taken aspirin, 10 grains, once or twice daily for several years for muscular and joint aches and pains that followed vigorous exercise. An attack of acute prostatitis with chills and fever to 104 F (40 C) was treated by nitrofurantoin (Furadantin), 100 mg four times a day, rest in bed, and aspirin, 10 grains three or four times daily, to reduce
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (disseminated dermatofibrosis with osteopoikilosis)
Authors: JULIAN VERBOV
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The case is reported of a woman aged 47 years with dissemiated dermatofibrosis associated with osteopoikilosis. Her two children also showed skin lesions typical of the Buschke‐Ollendorff syndrome and these lesions were said to have been present at birth.
Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study Among U.S. Whites
Authors: J.-m. Nam, J. K. McLaughlin, W. J. Blot
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol, and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study Among U.S. Whites Get access Jun-mo Nam, Jun-mo Nam * Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. * Correspondence to: Mr. Jun-mo Nam, M.S., National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza North, Rm. 407, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph K. McLaughlin, Joseph K. McLaughlin Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William J. Blot William J. Blot Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 8, 15 April 1992, Pages 619–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.8.619 Published: 15 April 1992 Article history Received: 26 April 1991 Revision received: 17 December 1991 Accepted: 02 January 1992 Published: 15 April 1992