tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
N‐Terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT proBNP) and BNP assays have a role in differentiating heart failure in community settings as well as in hospital
Authors: F.D.R. Hobbs, R. Davis, A.K. Roalfe, J.E. Kenkre, J. Trawinski, R. Hobbs, M.K. Davies
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
PREVALENCE, CLINICAL PROFILE, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI AND OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: INSIGHT FROM A 20-YEAR REGISTRY IN THE STATE OF QATAR
Authors: Abdulrahman Arabi, Ashfaq Patel, Jassim Alsuwaidi, Hakam Alzaeem, Hajar Albinali, Rajvir Singh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Transfusion-Related Short-Incubation Hepatitis in Hemophilic Patients
Authors: Marilyn A. Hruby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor VIII concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. Five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. One patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. The illness was mild and self-limited. No seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasmosis, or hepatitis A virus occurred. Acute hepatitis B virus infection was also excluded. The findings suggest the presence of one or more non-A, non-B hepatitis agents associated with factor VIII concentrates.
Gas-Phase Ambient Air Contaminants Exhibit Significant Dioxin-like and Estrogen-like Activity <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Gail P. Klein, Erin M. Hodge, Miriam L. Diamond, Amelia Yip, Tom Dann, Gary Stern, Michael S. Denison, Patricia A. Harper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Several adverse health effects, such as respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, have been linked to exposure to particulate matter in ambient air; however, the biologic activity of gas-phase ambient organic air contaminants has not been examined as thoroughly. Using aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-based and estrogen receptor (ER)-based cell bioassay systems, we assessed the dioxin-like and estrogenic activities of gas-phase organic ambient air contaminants compared with those of particulate-phase contaminants using samples collected between seasons over 2 years from an urban and a rural location in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. The concentration of the sum (Sigma) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which was highest in the gas phase, was 10-100 times more abundant than that of Sigmapolychlorinated biphenyls, Sigmanitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and Sigmaorganochlorine pesticides, and 10(3) to 10(4) times more abundant than Sigmapolychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans. Gas-phase samples induced significant AHR- and ER-dependent gene expression. The activity of the gas-phase samples was greater than that of the particulate-phase samples in the estrogen assay and, in one case, in the AHR assay. We found no strong associations between either summer or winter seasons or urban or rural locations in the relative efficacy of the extracts in either the ER or AHR assay despite differences in chemical composition, concentrations, and abundance. Our results suggest that mechanistic studies of the health effects of ambient air must consider gas and particulate phases because chemicals present in both phases can affect AHR and ER signaling pathways.
Fearfully and Wonderfully Made
Authors: A. Parfitt-Rogers
Journal: BMJ (2012)

For a time, the late surgeon Paul Brand was the world’s only orthopaedic surgeon to work with people with leprosy. He was made commander of the order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1961. This book, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made , coauthored with Philip Yancey, draws on his experiences as a doctor in India (his country of birth), and Louisiana, where he married and settled.

From a single cell in Brand’s laboratory in Louisiana, to bones and skin, to locomotion, this book brings physiology, anatomy, and histology to life. It gives an insight into the …
The Normal Physical Examination
Authors: A. Wilmot Jacobsen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(<b>192</b>, June 7, 1965) I read, on page 812, the fine plea for clarity in medical writing, and, on page 836, Gode's gentle remarks about the use of medical jargon. The message struck home. I resolved to try harder. Then, on page 908, an editorial informed me that "333 had normal physical examinations." Am I being too fastidious when I ask, "What is a normal physical examination?"
Reproductive Function in Women Athletes
Authors: Robert W. Rebar
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Increasing numbers of women are becoming involved in strenuous exercise programs. While older studies did not find any major deleterious effects of exercise on reproductive function,<sup>1-3</sup>more recently such effects have been recognized. Amenorrhea,<sup>4-6</sup>shortened luteal phase,<sup>7</sup>and delayed menarche<sup>8-9</sup>have all been reported. It is clear from the article by Frisch et al in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1559) that premenarcheal exercise can influence the timing of menarche; but in general, little is known of the short-term and long-term consequences of exercise on reproductive function in women. Just what is it about exercise that can delay menarche and result in amenorrhea? Dr Frisch and her colleagues suggest that an altered lean-fat ratio might be the key mechanism responsible for the delay in menarche in young athletes. Since it is thought that conversion of androgens to estrogens occurs primarily in peripheral fat, an alteration
Pancreatitis and Diabetes Mellitus with Metastatic Pulmonary Oat-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: JAMES K. SCHMITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Pancreatitis and Diabetes Mellitus with Metastatic Pulmonary Oat-Cell CarcinomaJAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.JAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-638_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Pancreatic metastases are frequently found at autopsy in patients with oat-cell carcinoma of the lung (1), but the combination of pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus secondary to metastatic oat-cell carcinoma has not been reported.A 58-year-old nonobese man with a 60-pack/yr history of cigarette smoking was admitted to the hospital with malaise and abdominal pain of 2 weeks' duration. He was receiving no medications and had no history of alcohol abuse or biliary tract disease. Physical findings included ascites and marked epigastric tenderness. His serum amylase level was 250 IU/L (normal, 25 to 88). A chest radiograph showed...References1. YEUNGHAIDAKBROWNANDERSON KDJD. Metastasis-induced acute pancreatitis in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Arch Intern Med. 1979;134:552-4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. GHOSEGUPTA RS. Oat cell carcinoma of bronchus presenting with somatostatinoma syndrome. Thorax. 1981;36:550-1. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PEARSONKENNEDYTHOMSONTONER DAJP. Diabetic ketoalkalosis due to ecoptic ACTH production from an oat cell carcinoma. Postgrad Med J. 1981;57:455-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES K. SCHMITT, M.D.Affiliations: McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center Richmond, VA 23249 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPancreatitis aguda e ictericia obstructiva secundaria a metástasis de cáncer de pulmónLung adenocarcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice: a case report and review of literatureAcute Pancreatitis: EtiologySquamous cell carcinoma of the lung metastatic to the pancreas: Diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsyMetastasis-induced Acute Pancreatitis as the Initial Manifestation of Bronchogenic CarcinomaOverview of Metastatic SpreadingMetastases from Thoracic Tumors 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 638-639KeywordsAbdominal painAlcoholismAscitesAutopsyBiliary systemDiabetes mellitusLung and intrathoracic tumorsPancreatitisThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Apo2l/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Prevents Breast Cancer–Induced Bone Destruction in a Mouse Model
Authors: Le Minh Thai, Agatha Labrinidis, Shelley Hay, Vasilios Liapis, Steve Bouralexis, Katie Welldon, Brendon J. Coventry, David M. Findlay, Andreas Evdokiou
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma that metastasizes to bone. To examine the efficacy of recombinant soluble Apo2 ligand (Apo2L)/tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) against breast cancer growth in bone, we established a mouse model in which MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were transplanted directly into the marrow cavity of the tibiae of athymic nude mice producing osteolytic lesions in the area of injection. All vehicle-treated control animals developed large lesions that established in the marrow cavity, eroded the cortical bone, and invaded the surrounding soft tissue, as assessed by radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histology. In contrast, animals treated with recombinant soluble Apo2L/TRAIL showed significant conservation of the tibiae, with 85% reduction in osteolysis, 90% reduction in tumor burden, and no detectable soft tissue invasion. Tumor cells explanted from Apo2L/TRAIL–treated animals were significantly more resistant to the effects of Apo2L/TRAIL when compared with the cells explanted from the vehicle-treated control animals, suggesting that prolonged treatment with Apo2/TRAIL in vivo selects for a resistant phenotype. However, such resistance was readily reversed when Apo2L/TRAIL was used in combination with clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs, including taxol, etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, or the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. These studies show for the first time that Apo2L/TRAIL can prevent breast cancer–induced bone destruction and highlight the potential of this ligand for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in bone. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5363-70)
Methods for the Control of Diabetes After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: D J Husband, K G M M Alberti, D G Julian
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Blood glucose control in patients with diabetes after myocardial infarction is often poor, and this may contribute to increased mortality in the diabetic patient. A retrospective review of the records of 71 diabetic patients admitted with suspected myocardial infarction, and managed using a variety of methods, showed that adequate control (mean blood glucose &amp;lt;234 mg/dl; 13 mmol/L) was achieved in only 60%. Continuation of oral hypoglycemic agents and the use of irregular intermittent insulin in response to hyperglycemia were particularly associated with poor control. In a prospective study 68 consecutive patients were managed using regular subcutaneous insulin injections three times daily or a glucose-insulin-potassium intravenous infusion (in those with cardiogenic shock, severe hyperglycemia, or unable to eat). Control was adequate in 87% (P &amp;lt; 0.001 versus retrospective group) and mean blood glucose concentration on days 1 and 2 were significantly lower than in the retrospective group (167 versus 232; 165 versus 236 mg/dl; both P &amp;lt; 0.001). Simple protocols using three-times-daily subcutaneous insulin or glucose-insulin-potassium infusion provide a practical method for achieving good glycemic control in the diabetic patient with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
Conjugal prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T G Dalakos, R N MacSween, K Whaley, W C Dick, J A Boyle, M K Jasani, E Wilson, W W Buchanan, R B Goudie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Discussion.-PROF.I. M. Rorrr (Middlesex Hospital) suggested that any lymphocyte might become a "killer" if exposed to a non-specific stimulus such as an antigenantibody complex or aggrated gamma-globulin plus com- plement.DR. MACLENNAN agreed that this was a possible explanation.He produced experimental evidence which suggested that complement components were unlikely to play a significant part in his particular experiments.DR.M. K. JASANI (Horsham) asked if the increased cytotoxicity could be due to stimulation of lymphocytes by an antigen present in synovial fluid.DR. MACLENNAN thought that, in his series of experiments, this possibility could be excluded.
1033-109 Assessing the need for repeat baseline exercise tests in heart failure patients: Early experience from HF-ACTION
Authors: Daniel R Bensimhon, Stephen J Ellis, Steven J Keteyian, Ileana L Pena, Dalane W Kitzman, William E Kraus, Lawton S Cooper, Robin Boineau, Jerome L Fleg, Robert S McKelvie, Eric Leifer, Andrew Kao, David J Whellan, Christopher M O'Connor, Stuart D Russell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Reversal of behavioral changes in rats subjected to portacaval shunt with oral neomycin therapy
Authors: Hari S. Conjeevaram, Alexander Nagle, Andrew Katz, Kristine Kaminsky-Russ, Arthur J. McCullough, Kevin D. Mullen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The portacaval shunt rat is often used as a model of human portal-systemic encephalopathy, but its relevance to human portal-systemic encephalopathy remains uncertain. Specifically, it has not been demonstrated that the behavioral changes seen in this model respond to measures known to improve portal-systemic encephalopathy in human subjects. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish whether neomycin (an effective treatment for portal-systemic encephalopathy in human beings) added to the drinking water of rats subjected to portacaval shunt reversed or ameliorated the reduction in spontaneous motor activity, which represents a measure of encephalopathy in this animal model. A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design was used, with each animal serving as its own control. After establishment of baseline activities, 12 rats with portacaval shunt and 12 sham-operated rats were divided into two equal groups: Group A animals received neomycin for 1 wk; this was followed by 1 wk off neomycin; in group B rats, the sequence was reversed. Spontaneous intake of neomycin for 7 days at doses comparable to human usage (0.1 to 0.2 gm/kg/day) was associated with a significant increase in spontaneous motor activity in rats subjected to portacaval shunt (26.4% in group A, 66.3% in group B; p < 0.01 for each protocol) with no significant effect in sham-operated animals. Withdrawal of neomycin resulted in reversal of this effect in group A rats subjected to portacaval shunt. Similar significant improvements for exploratory activity as measured on the basis of nose-hole pokes was also seen in rats subjected to portacaval shunt and given neomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elizabeth Stuart Gronbach (nee Ross)
Authors: J M Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Dunblane and Lockerbie (b Insch, Aberdeenshire, 1936; q St Andrews 1960), died from respiratory complications associated with motor neurone disease on 24 November 2002.

In 1961 Elizabeth became the first female general practitioner to be appointed in Dunblane. After her marriage in 1963, she moved to Lockerbie, where she again worked in general practice before transferring to community medicine. Elizabeth was heavily involved in the aftermath of the 1988 air disaster and living in Lockerbie was no longer the pleasure that it had been. In 1991 she took early retirement and moved to Abernethy in Perthshire. She leaves a husband, George; two children; and a grandson.
Atherosclerosis—Which Did What?
Authors: R. W. PRICHARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Editorials1 November 1964Atherosclerosis—Which Did What?R. W. PRICHARD, M.D.R. W. PRICHARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-5-980 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo recall a parable in keeping with current humor, nothing illustrates the problems of atherosclerosis better than the story of the blind men who examined the elephant, each insisting that his findings represented the beast best. Similar expressions of partisan feelings have little usefulness for the physician who is attempting to deal with atherosclerosis—the principal health problem of modern industrial society—and it is difficult at present to evaluate the various contributions from research. While waiting for a Moses to lead us out of the wilderness of facts about atherosclerosis (and hoping that he does not succumb to it first), it...References1. GLAGOVROWLEYKOHUT SDARI: Atherosclerosis of human aorta and its coronary and renal arteries. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 72: 558-571, 1961. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. TEXON M: A hemodynamic concept of atherosclerosis, with particular reference to coronary occlusion. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago) 99: 418, 1957. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. HOLMANMCGILLSTRONGGEER RLHCJPJC: The natural history of atherosclerosis. Amer. J. Path. 34: 209-236, 1958. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. RACKER E: Calories don't count—if you don't use them. Amer. J. Med. 35: 143-144, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. W. PRICHARD, M.D.Affiliations: The Bowman Gray School of Medicine Winston-Salem, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1964Volume 61, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 980-982KeywordsAtherosclerosisEmotionsWilderness ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reply to K. Hemminki et al and V. Formica et al
Authors: Mi Ah Han, Myueng Guen Oh, Il Ju Choi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

positivity,andpatientswhodevelopothercancertypesshouldbeincluded in the multivariate Cox analysis to further strengthen the MSI hypothesis, provide additional information on the treatment option, and clarify the distinct biologic features of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in patients with a family history of gastric cancer.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Glyburide and Glipizide During Long-Term Treatment
Authors: Leif Groop, Per-Henrik Groop, Svante Stenman, Carola Saloranta, Karl-Johan Tötterman, Frej Fyhrquist, Arne Melander
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Fourteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients continued their previous medication (7 on glyburide, 7 on glipizide) for 6 mo, after which they switched to the alternate treatment for another 6 mo. The treatment periods were followed by 1 mo of placebo. The sulfonylurea dose was increased to achieve fasting plasma glucose levels &amp;lt;9 mM or to a total maximum daily dose of 25 mg. The mean final doses of glyburide (14.7 ± 2.4 mg/day) and glipizide (15.2 ± 2.2 mg/day) were similar. Postprandial (postdose) glipizide levels were higher than those of glyburide, whereas fasting (predose) glyburide concentrations were higher than those of glipizide. Both treatments improved glucose controlby 25% compared with placebo. Glipizide therapy evoked higher postprandial insulin concentrations than did glyburide, whereas basal insulin concentrations were higher during glyburide. Insulin sensitivity, assessed by an insulin tolerance test, was more improved with glyburide than with glipizide. In conclusion, overall glucose control is similarly improved by glyburide and glipizide. However, glipizide amplifies the plasma insulin response to meals more than glyburide, whereas glyburide enhances basal insulin secretion more than glipizide. Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors may contribute to these differences.
Commentary: Opening access to the medical record calls for other reforms
Authors: Victor M Montori, Claudia C Tabini
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The medical record has evolved from clinician notes to self and then colleagues1 into instruments for other uses, such as accountability and billing. When they became electronic, it became easier to produce longer notes. Records often contain redundant copied elements from earlier notes and irrelevant information, sometimes intended to support better reimbursement. When clinicians write, they seldom consider patients as readers and often use technical jargon and opaque expressions. Giving patients and caregivers access to bloated and complex notes seems unlikely to meet their needs. But results of yearly Mayo Clinic patient surveys are consistent with the findings reported by Walker and colleagues …
Charging patients for HIV drugs is a barrier to treatment
Authors: Claire Frauenfelder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Charging patients for HIV treatment is proving a barrier to treatment, health experts said last week at a conference in Geneva organised by the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres. 

Charging for antiretrovirals “creates an economic problem for patients but also a public health problem for everyone else,” said Yves Souteyrand, of the World Health Organization. 

“Cost is the major barrier, over and above all others,” explained Dr Souteyrand, citing data collected in Senegal showing that removing charges increased adherence by 20%. …
629. Successful Gene Therapy Against Atherosclerosis by AAV Delivery of IL-10 and TGFβACT
Authors: Jay L. Mehta, Yong Liu, Jaiwei Chen, Dayuan Li, Paul L. Hermonat
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by extensive inflammation and oxidative stress in the arteries. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is known to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine which might be useful for counteracting the development of atherosclerosis. We have generated a pre-activated transforming growth factor (TGF)|[beta]| cDNA, referred to as TGF|[beta]|ACT, which might also be useful against atherosclerosis. As long term systemic cytokine deliver is prohibitively expensive, gene therapy might be a worthwhile approach. To test this concept low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice (LDLR -/-) were injected with one single dose of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)/IL-10 virus , AAV/TGF|[beta]|ACT, or AAV/granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) virus (control) and then put on a high cholesterol diet. Similarly elevated blood lipids could be documented in all animals. Mice given the rAAV had dramatically elevated levels of the vector DNA and transgene mRNA in the kidney and liver. Upon harvesting the animals at 18 weeks the aortas were examined by both Sudan IV staining, cross-sectional histology, and immunostaining. The mice receiving the AAV/IL-10 and AAV/TGF|[beta]|ACT viruses had significantly less atherogenesis than the untreated or the AAV/GM-CSF treated animals (p < 0.01). The rAAV/IL-10 and AAV/TGF|[beta]|ACT-treated animals also had markedly less inflammation (monocyte/macrophage accumulation, CD68 immunostaining) and oxidative stress (peroxynitrite immunostaining) in the aorta. The AAV/IL-10 and AAV/TGF|[beta]|ACT animals appeared normal throughout the experiment while the rAAV/GM-CSF-animals exhibited hair loss on their backs. These data indicate that a single administration of rAAV/IL-10 and AAV/TGF|[beta]|ACT resulted in systemic IL-10 and TGF|[beta]| upregulation and dramatic limitation of atherogenesis, presumably through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. This approach is worthy of further study.