tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: RUTH K. FREINKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorials1 October 1969Antibiotics for Acne VulgarisRUTH K. FREINKEL, M.D.RUTH K. FREINKEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-4-857 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAfter nearly 20 years of widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the therapy of acne vulgaris another report on the efficacy of tetracycline has appeared. Like most of the more than 20 previous studies with tetracycline or other broad-spectrum antibiotics this most recent trial by Williamson and Lane (1) reports favorable results. Such results parallel clinical usage as shown by Schmitt (2) in a survey of 1,150 dermatologists in 1963; 87% practicing dermatologists used antibiotics, usually broad spectrum, as the most frequent nontopical agent. In view of the apparent acceptance of this therapeutic modality, one wonders why clinical trials attempting...References1. LANE P and WILLIAMSON DM: Treatment of acne vulgaris with tetracycline hydrochloride: a double blind trial with 51 patients. Brit. Med. J. 2: 76, 1969. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SCHMITT CL: Current acne therapy. A compiled report. Arch. Derm. (Chicago) 87: 361, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SMITH MA and WATERWORTH PM: The bacteriology of acne vulgaris in relation to its treatment with antibiotics. Brit. J. Derm. 73: 152, 1961. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. ROSENBERG EW: Bacteriology of acne. Ann. Rev. Med. 20: 201, 1969. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FREINKEL RK: Current concepts: pathogenesis of acne. New Eng. J. Med. 280: 1161, 1969. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. GOLTZ RW and KJARTANSSON S: Oral tetracycline treatment on bacterial flora in acne vulgaris. Arch. Derm. (Chicago) 93: 92, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. FREINKEL RK, STRAUSS JS, YIP SY, and POCHI PE: Effect of tetracycline on the composition of sebum in acne vulgaris. New Eng. J. Med. 273: 850, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. STRAUSS JS and POCHI PE: Effect of orally administered antibacterial agents on the titratable acidity of human sebum. J. Invest. Derm. 47: 577, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. RASHLEIGH PL, RIFE E, and GOLTZ RW: Tetracycline levels in skin surface film after oral administration of tetracycline to normal adults and to patients with acne vulgaris. J. Invest. Derm. 49: 611, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RUTH K. FREINKEL, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Dermatology Northwestern University Medical School 303 E. Chicago Ave. Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Dermatology 1 October 1969Volume 71, Issue 4 Page: 857-858 Keywords Acne Antibiotics Clinical trials Tetracyclines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical Education and Practice in Germany during the War
Authors: Robert M. Zollinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

INFORMATION concerning medical education and practice in Germany has been scanty during World War II. Because of the past achievements of German medicine it was considered important, both for the present and for the future, to attempt to evaluate its status during the last five secretive years. Certainly the standards of medical and surgical care of the German soldier at the front were not impressive. Only after the defeat of his country was it possible to visit the medical centers responsible for the education of the German medical profession. The following recent impressions were gained after visiting the clinics of . . .
Abstract 3156: MicroRNA profiling for the detection of melanoma
Authors: Kevin Z. Qu, Yan Liu, Ke Zhang, Renius X. Owen, Anthony D. Sferruzza
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Numerous reports have suggested a link between aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and various forms of cancer, including melanoma. We examined miRNA expression patterns in melanoma and nevi to identify candidate biomarkers for differentiating between these melanocytic lesions. Method: The study used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from 78 patients with melanoma and 98 with nevi (18 compound nevi, 20 intradermal nevi, 20 junctional nevi, 20 blue nevi, and 20 spitz nevi). All lesions were confirmed by at least 2 pathologists. Total RNA was extracted from the FFPE tissue and hybridized onto the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), which measure 850 human microRNAs. After determining an optimal set of miRNAs for differentiation using random forest algorithm, we retested specimens for this set using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on a TaqMan miRNA system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Results: Expression levels of 257 miRNAs differed significantly between melanomas and nevi (p values &amp;lt; 0.001); 129 miRNAs were downregulated and 128 were upregulated in melanomas relative to nevi. 80 of these miRNAs exhibited area under the ROC curves (AUROCs) of &amp;gt;0.75 for distinguishing melanomas from nevi, and 74 exhibited more than a two-fold difference. An optimized set of 7 miRNAs provided good differentiation of melanomas from nevi, with an AUORC of 0.94 and 87.7% concordance with pathology-determined tissue type. miRNA array data were further validated by qPCR: for 5 of the 7 miRNAs identified above, qPCR results showed significant correlation with the miRNA array results (average Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.95). Conclusions: These data suggest that the miRNA expression pattern from FFPE tissue holds promise for distinguishing melanomas from nevi. Use of this miRNA set as a diagnostic marker requires further validation and exploration in a large-scale study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3156. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3156
Nicotine and Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: N. L. Benowitz
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

The following may be concluded about nicotine and smokeless tobacco use: Systemic absorption and levels of nicotine are similar in users of smokeless tobacco and cigarette smokers. Data from the few studies performed to date suggest that smokeless tobacco users develop a dependency similar to that for cigarette smokers. Effective treatment strategies to help smokeless tobacco users quit need to be developed. Smokeless tobacco use in young people also poses a concern for later development of dependence on cigarettes. The health hazards known to be caused by cigarette smoking and suspected to be related to chronic nicotine exposure are expected to be a hazard of habitual use of smokeless tobacco. A major concern in young males is accelerated coronary artery disease. Information about the potential health hazards of nicotine, as well as oral pathology, may be incorporated into educational programs to help discourage the use of smokeless tobacco, with a resultant decrease in the associated cancer risk.
PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION AT DUODENOJEJUNAL JUNCTION AS CAUSE OF ULCER OF DUODENUM
Authors: E. P. SLOAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The most frequent cause of partial obstruction at the duodenojejunal angle is the mesocolic band, described by W. J. Mayo in 1908. Until that time the vicious circle following gastro-enterostomy was the terror of all operators. Since Mayo published his description of this band and advocated its separation before gastro-enterostomy is performed, the vicious circle after gastro-enterostomy has been rarely seen. However, he seemed to attach no importance to the presence of this band as the cause of duodenal ulcer. My attention was drawn to its presence as a cause of duodenal ulcer in 1910. After separation of the band that extended down for 5% or 6 inches below the duodenojejunal flexure, the contents of the stomach and duodenum were seen immediately to pass down into the jejunum. The patient appeared to be dying on the table, and the abdomen was closed without the performance of a gastro-enterostomy, although the
THE EFFECT OF TYROSINASE ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Henry A. Schroeder, Mark H. Adams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. The intravenous injection of tyrosinase, a phenolic oxidase obtained from mushrooms, consistently lowers the blood pressure of rats made hypertensive by three different methods, while on the average not affecting the blood pressure of normal animals. 2. The intravenous and intramuscular injection of tyrosinase lowers blood pressure in dogs made hypertensive by the method of Goldblatt, while affecting that of normal ones to a less extent. 3. Tyrosinase inactivates renin, angiotonin, Victor's pressor substance, adrenalin, and tyramine in vitro, and alters the response of the blood pressure to these substances in rats and dogs. 4. Renal function of hypertensive dogs is not depressed when the blood pressure is lowered by tyrosinase. 5. Tyrosinase is an effective substance for combating experimental arterial hypertension. It is probable that some phenolic substance present in hypertension is altered.
Congenital Absence of the Mammary Gland
Authors: R K HALKAR, H ABDEL-DAYEM, S JAHAN, A SEHWEIL, M SAYED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Tc-99m pertechnetate is known for its uptake and excretion by the mammary gland. Generally, lactating women are not advised to have any radioisotopic studies. If it is necessary to have one, it is recommended that they do not breast-feed their children for at least 24 hours. Congenital absence of the mammary gland is a rare condition. This case was accidently discovered. Nuclear medicine physicians should be aware of the value of clinical examination of patients, and that not every absent or asymmetric breast shadow is due to surgical resection.
"Lente" Novo Insulin
Authors: G. M. Wauchope
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the role of bandage contact lenses (BCL) and topical steroids as risk factors for the development of microbial keratitis after epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). <h3>Methods and Analysis</h3> Patients undergoing CXL between February 2011 and July 2017 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: those who were treated postoperatively with a BCL, topical antimicrobial and steroids (group 1) and those who received only a topical antimicrobial until healing of the epithelial defect before introduction of topical steroids (group 2). <h3>Results</h3> 1273 eyes of 964 patients were included. Group 1 comprised 316 eyes and group 2 comprised 957 eyes. There were no significant differences in the presence of persisting corneal haze or scarring between the two groups (p=0.57). Microbial keratitis occurred in nine eyes (0.71% of eyes) of eight (0.83%) patients (one case was bilateral) out of 1273 eyes. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was cultured from corneal scrapes in seven out of nine (77.8%) cases and from contiguous sites in the two cases. All cases occurred in group 1 (incidence=2.85%) and none in group 2 (p&lt;0.0001). A greater proportion of patients who developed microbial keratitis were atopic (75%, p=0.4). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The use of BCL and topical steroids prior to healing of the epithelium is a significant risk factor for microbial keratitis. <i>S. aureus</i> is the most common micro-organism and is likely to originate from an endogenous site. Not using a BCL and delaying the introduction of topical steroids until epithelial healing significantly reduce the risk of developing microbial keratitis without increasing the risk of persistent corneal haze.
Miliary and Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: ELLIOT GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 September 1978Miliary and Disseminated CoccidioidomycosisELLIOT GOLDSTEIN, M. D.ELLIOT GOLDSTEIN, M. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-3-365 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInfection with Coccidioides immitis classically causes segmental or lobar pneumonias, and, in instances of dissemination, the extrapulmonary illness follows insidiously, often appearing so long after the primary pulmonary infection as to seem unrelated to it (1). As a result, disseminated coccidioidomycosis is frequently unsuspected in its earliest stages. Recently, we cared for a patient who developed rapidly fatal coccidioidomycosis with meningoencephalitis, which disseminated from a primary miliary pneumonia. We suggest that the finding of miliary coccidioidomycosis should alert the clinician to the possibility of disseminated disease.A 35-year-old white man with insulin-dependent diabetes (40 U NPH/day) was exposed to arthroconidia...References1. PAPPAGIANIS D: Coccidioidomycosis in Infectious Diseases; 2nd ed. , edited by HOEPRICH PD, Hagerstown, Harper and Row, 1977, pp. 389-398 Google Scholar2. CHAPMAN C and WHORTON C: Acute generalized miliary tuberculosis in adults: A clinicopathological study based on sixty-three cases diagnosed at autopsy. N Engl J Med 235:239-248, 1946 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WINN W: Coccidioidomycosis. J Chronic Dis 5:430-444, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WINN W and JOHNSON G: Primary coccidioidomycosis: A roentgenographic study of 40 cases. Ann Intern Med 17:407-422, 1942 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELLIOT GOLDSTEIN, M. D.Affiliations: School of Medicine University of California Davis; Davis, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Role of Radiology in the Diagnosis of Fungal InfectionsAcute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis mimicking bacterial pneumonia and septic shock: A report of two casesOpportunistic pneumoniaOverwhelming pneumoniaChapter 15. Antifungal Chemotherapy 1 September 1978Volume 89, Issue 3 Page: 365-366 Keywords Coccidioides Coccidioidomycosis Insulin Meningoencephalitis Metastasis Pneumonia Pulmonary diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Integrin-mediated localization of Bordetella pertussis within macrophages: role in pulmonary colonization.
Authors: K Saukkonen, C Cabellos, M Burroughs, S Prasad, E Tuomanen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory cilia is critical to the pathogenesis of whooping cough but the significance of bacterial attachment to macrophages has not been determined. Adherence to cilia and macrophages is mediated by two large, nonfimbrial bacterial proteins, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertussis toxin (PT). PT and FHA both recognize carbohydrates on cilia and macrophages; FHA also contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence which promotes bacterial association with the macrophage integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3). We determined that virulent B. pertussis enter and survive in mammalian macrophages in vitro and that CR3 is important for this uptake process. We then determined the relative contribution of CR3 versus carbohydrate-dependent interactions to in vivo pulmonary colonization using a rabbit model. B. pertussis colonized the lung as two approximately equal populations, one extracellular population attached to ciliary and macrophage surface glycoconjugates and another population within pulmonary macrophages. Loss of the CR3 interaction, either by mutation of FHA or treatment with antibody to CR3, disrupted accumulation of viable intracellular bacteria but did not prevent lung pathology. In contrast, elimination of carbohydrate-bound bacteria, either by a competitive receptor analogue or an anti-receptor antibody, was sufficient to prevent pulmonary edema. We propose that CR3-dependent localization of B. pertussis within macrophages promotes persistence of bacteria in the lung without pulmonary injury. On the other hand, the presence of extracellular bacteria adherent to cilia and macrophages in carbohydrate-dependent interactions is associated with pulmonary pathology.
Study of Nailfold Capillaries in Hypertriglyceridemia (Types III and IV Hyperlipoproteinemia)
Authors: PETER T. KUO, LOUISE Y. FENG, JOSÉ PAMINTAUN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Reflected light nailfold capillaroscopy was used to discover micro-angiopathy in atherosclerotic patients with hypertriglyceridemia (types III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia). In comparison with healthy normolipemic controls, 51 of a series of 64 patients were found to have beds of dilated, congested, elongated, and tortuous capillary venular limbs and loops; and 29 of these with capillary abnormalities were found to have either fresh or old hemorrhages. Serial studies revealed that capillary hemorrhages tended to subside shortly after the hyperlipoproteinemia was controlled by a low carbohydrate diet, while the morphologic abnormalities showed little or no change for 8 to 21 months.
So-called acrosclerosis and diffuse scleroderma.
Authors: S. Jablonska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article So‐called acrosclerosis and diffuse scleroderma. Get access S. Jablonska S. Jablonska Warsaw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 6, 1 June 1963, Pages 260–262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13563.x Published: 01 June 1963
THE FUNCTION AND FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: MORRIS FISHBEIN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In 1847 the American Medical Association was organized, listened to reports on the deplorable conditions in medical education, and adopted resolutions suggesting improvements. Like most resolutions, these had but little effect. Americans are much given to adopting resolutions on all sorts of subjects, promptly forgetting the matter and taking it for granted that the adoption of a resolution is synonymous with action. In 1902 the American Medical Association was reorganized on a purely democratic basis. Since that time it has functioned efficiently for the benefit of the American public and for the advancement of medical science.  THE MEDICAL COLLEGES  Among the first acts of the House of Delegates of the reorganized American Medical Association was the establishment of the Council on Medical Education. The Council was not merely a round-table conference which cogitated wearily on the deficiencies in American medical education; it was a functioning organization. It accumulated data concerning
Bariatric Surgery for Weight Loss and Glycemic Control in Nonmorbidly Obese Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, Margaret Maglione, Masha Livhits, Brett Ewing, Alicia Ruelaz Maher, Jianhui Hu, Zhaoping Li, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Bariatric surgery is beneficial in persons with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or greater with obesity-related comorbidities. There is interest in using these procedures in persons with lower BMI and diabetes.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess the association between bariatric surgery vs nonsurgical treatments and weight loss and glycemic control among patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance and BMI of 30 to 35.<h3>Evidence Review</h3>PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 1985 through September 2012. Of 1291 screened articles, we included 32 surgical studies, 11 systematic reviews on nonsurgical treatments, and 11 large nonsurgical studies published after those reviews. Weight loss, metabolic outcomes, and adverse events were abstracted by 2 independent reviewers.<h3>Findings</h3>Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (N = 290; including 1 trial of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes and mean BMI of 37, 1 trial of 80 patients without diabetes [38% with metabolic syndrome] and BMI of 30 to 35, and 1 trial of 60 patients with diabetes and BMI of 30 to 40 [13 patients with BMI &lt;35]) found that surgery was associated with greater weight loss (range, 14.4-24 kg) and glycemic control (range, 0.9-1.43 point improvements in hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> levels) during 1 to 2 years of follow-up than nonsurgical treatment. Indirect comparisons of evidence from observational studies of bariatric procedures (n ≈ 600 patients) and meta-analyses of nonsurgical therapies (containing more than 300 RCTs) support this finding at 1 or 2 years of follow-up. However, there are no robust surgical data beyond 5 years of follow-up on outcomes of diabetes, glucose control, or macrovascular and microvascular outcomes. In contrast, some RCT data of nonsurgical therapies show benefits at 10 years of follow-up or more. Surgeon-reported adverse events were low (eg, hospital deaths of 0.3%-1.0%), but data were from select centers and surgeons. Long-term adverse events are unknown.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Current evidence suggests that, when compared with nonsurgical treatments, bariatric surgical procedures in patients with a BMI of 30 to 35 and diabetes are associated with greater short-term weight loss and better intermediate glucose outcomes. Evidence is insufficient to reach conclusions about the appropriate use of bariatric surgery in this population until more data are available about long-term outcomes and complications of surgery.
Metabolic and ventilatory changes in asthmatic patients during and after exercise
Authors: S. D. Anderson, M. Silverman, S. R. Walker
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Five asthmatic patients aged 25-30 years were studied during and after 6-8 minutes of steady exercise on both a bicycle ergometer and a treadmill. For each patient the duration of work, oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and heart rate were similar in each form of exercise. During exercise all patients had an increase in peak expiratory flow rate. The blood lactate level was higher during bicycle exercise but arterial Pco<sub>2</sub> and pH fell to similar levels during both forms of exercise. There was a rise in arterial oxygen tension in four of the patients during exercise; in one subject arterial oxygen tension fell. Bronchoconstriction was greater following treadmill exercise in all subjects and was associated with an increase in ventilation/perfusion inequality, as shown by arterial hypoxaemia, an increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, and an increase in physiological dead space. In one subject whose PEFR fell to 25% of the predicted value Co<sub>2</sub> retention occurred. These changes are similar to those found in other forms of acute asthma. In one subject, during both forms of exercise the mixed expired Pco<sub>2</sub> was observed to be higher than the arterial Pco<sub>2</sub>, thus giving a negative value for physiological dead space. This observation is discussed.
Polymer-doxycycline conjugates as fibril disrupters: An approach towards the treatment of a rare amyloidotic disease
Authors: Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez, Isabel Cardoso, Marta Oteo-Vives, Eduardo Romero-Sanz, Alison Paul, Amparo Ruiz Sauri, Miguel A. Morcillo, Maria J. Saraiva, María J. Vicent
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)