tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Co-morbidity is the main cost driver among COPD-subjects
Authors: Sven-Arne Jansson, Helena Backman, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck, Anne Lindberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are, however, hardly any population-based studies estimating the health economic impact of co-morbid conditions among COPD-subjects.   Aim  To estimate annual direct health-care costs divided into costs due to non-respiratory and respiratory conditions among subjects with and without COPD and to analyze the prevalence of co-morbid diseases among COPD-subjects.   Methods  Subjects with and without COPD derived from population-based cohorts in northern Sweden have been invited to annual examinations since 2005. This analysis is based on data from 1,473 subjects (whereof COPD n=599) participating in 2006. COPD classification was based on spirometry.   Results  Cardiovascular disease was significantly more common among subjects with COPD compared to non-COPD subjects, 25.2% vs. 20.6%, p=0.04. The prevalence of vertebral compression and depression/anxiety was also significantly higher among COPD-subjects. Mean annual costs for both respiratory and non-respiratory conditions were about 40% higher among subjects with COPD compared to non-COPD subjects, 1,561 € vs. 931 €, p=0.03. Costs for hospitalization due to non-respiratory conditions were higher among COPD-subjects compared to non-COPD subjects, 964 € vs. 411 €, p=0.01. Actually, hospitalization due to non-respiratory diseases was the main cost driver among subjects with COPD, amounting to about 62% of the total COPD-costs.   Conclusions  Costs for respiratory as well as non-respiratory diseases were higher among COPD-subjects compared to non-COPD subjects. Hospitalization due to co-morbid diseases was the main cost driver among subjects with COPD.
Inhaled budesonide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dutch Study Group on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: C Alberts, T W van der Mark, H M Jansen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed the efficacy of inhaled budesonide on the course of newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis and whether budesonide treatment could postpone oral corticosteroid treatment. We evaluated: 1) symptoms; 2) chest radiography; 3) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in serum; and 4) lung function. Patients with histologically confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis with chest radiographic stages I, II or III, and with an abnormal lung function (inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) < 79% of predicted or transfer factor of the lungs for carbon monoxide (TL,CO) < 77% pred) were included. Patients with radiographic stage II or III but with normal lung function were included when more than 20% of the total cell population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was lymphocytes. Forty seven patients received placebo or budesonide (1.2 mg) once daily via a Nebuhaler for 6 months, followed by 6 months without treatment. Based on predetermined criteria, 11 patients were excluded during the blind treatment period as they needed oral prednisone: seven (28%) patients in the placebo group (n = 25) and four (18%) patients in the budesonide group (n = 22). Patient's Global Clinical Impression (GCI) score showed a significant difference in favour of budesonide. IVC showed a significant difference of 7.9% predicted between the two groups during the active treatment period. This difference persisted during follow-up, when the difference was 9.4% pred. TL,CO remained nearly unchanged over time, with no difference between the groups. Improvements in chest radiographic appearance and changes in serum ACE were similar for the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical benefit from resection of recurrent glioblastomas: results of a multicenter study including 503 patients with recurrent glioblastomas undergoing surgical resection
Authors: Florian Ringel, Haiko Pape, Michael Sabel, Dietmar Krex, Hans Christoph Bock, Martin Misch, Astrid Weyerbrock, Thomas Westermaier, Christian Senft, Philippe Schucht, Bernhard Meyer, Matthias Simon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

While standards for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastomas exist, therapeutic regimens for tumor recurrence remain mostly individualized. The role of a surgical resection of recurrent glioblastomas remains largely unclear at present. This study aimed to assess the effect of repeated resection of recurrent glioblastomas on patient survival. In a multicenter retrospective-design study, patients with primary glioblastomas undergoing repeat resections for recurrent tumors were evaluated for factors affecting survival. Age, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), extent of resection (EOR), tumor location, and complications were assessed. Five hundred and three patients (initially diagnosed between 2006 and 2010) undergoing resections for recurrent glioblastoma at 20 institutions were included in the study. The patients' median overall survival after initial diagnosis was 25.0 months and 11.9 months after first re-resection. The following parameters were found to influence survival significantly after first re-resection: preoperative and postoperative KPS, EOR of first re-resection, and chemotherapy after first re-resection. The rate of permanent new deficits after first re-resection was 8%. The present study supports the view that surgical resections of recurrent glioblastomas may help to prolong patient survival at an acceptable complication rate.
Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma
Authors: E H Walters, R Wood-Baker, D E C Reid, C Ward
Journal: Thorax (2008)

We would appreciate the opportunity to comment on the very interesting recently published paper by Simpson and colleagues,1 putatively describing innate immune activation in a “neutrophilic variant” of asthma, in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treated patients. We feel that the paper is especially important and effective in highlighting the heterogeneity of airway cellular infiltrates in asthma, especially after exposure to corticosteroid.

We endorse the proposal that neutrophils are involved pathogenically, even in stable asthma. This is likely to be the case even when neutrophils are not grossly elevated in number, and indeed they may be at least as relevant as eosinophils …
Effects of indium exposure on the lungs of workers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Makiko Nakano, Kazuyuki Omae, Iwasawa Satoko, Hirata Miyuki, Tanaka Akiyo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Indium lung disease is a new occupational disease. Indium is a rare metal used in the main form of indium-tin oxide as the electrode in flat-panel displays. The first and fatal case of interstitial pneumonia due to indium exposure have been reported in Japan in 2003, and since then 10 indium-related lung diseases were reported worldwide. In 2013, indium compounds were added to the list of substances regulated by an Ordinance on the Prevention of Hazards Due to Specified Chemical Substances (SCS) in Japan. However, indium metal (IM) is not listed as an SCS, because the lung effects of IM exposure are unknown.   Aim:  Our objective was to assess the association between IM exposure and its pulmonary effects.   Methods:  We conducted a health check including serum biomarker of interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary function tests for 109 workers exposed to IM between 2011 and 2013. The characteristics of the subjects were: mean age (41y/o), smokers (65%), mean duration of IM exposure (8.3years), and serum indium level (In-S, 0.3μg/L). We divided the subjects into 8 groups according to their types of occupation.   Results:  The mean values were as follows: KL-6 271U/mL; SP-D 50.6ng/mL; %VC 108%; %TLC 95%; FEV1/FVC 83%, and %DLco 93%. There was a significant dose-response relationship between In-S and KL-6. In particular, the mean In-S of the subjects who worked in the dissolution processes at ≥1000° (HDP) was significantly high compared to those in the other groups. The mean KL-6 of the HDP workers was significantly high compared to the solder and the dental technician group.   Conclusions: We recommend that employers be required to give the HDP workers a medical checkup at least once a year to check In-S and KL-6.
The characteristics and outcome of patients with late relapse acute myelogenous leukemia.
Authors: H M Kantarjian, M J Keating, R S Walters, K B McCredie, E J Freireich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

The characteristics and outcome of 58 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who experienced relapse after a first remission duration longer than 18 months (late-relapse AML) were analyzed and compared with those of 278 patients with earlier relapses. Late-relapse AML was associated with a lower incidence of antecedent hematologic disorder, leukocytosis, and elevated creatinine and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. A favorable karyotype (inversion of chromosome 16; translocations between chromosomes 8 and 21, or 15 and 17) was more frequent in patients whose first remission was 12 months or longer compared with less than 12 months (30% v 10%; P less than .0001). An unfavorable karyotype (chromosome 5 and 7 abnormalities, trisomy 8, other changes) was more frequent in the latter category (16% v 42%; P less than .0001). Thirty-seven of the 58 patients (64%) with late-relapse AML achieved complete remission (CR). The incidence of CR increased significantly with an increased first remission duration from less than 12, 12 to 18, and greater than 18 months (17% v 41% v 64%; P less than .0001), while the incidence of resistant disease was significantly lower (59% v 36% v 19%; P less than .0001). When effective antileukemic regimens were considered, remission rates were also significantly increased by the duration of first remission (24% v 48% v 72%; P less than .001). Compared with patients with earlier relapse, those with late-relapse AML had a longer median survival from salvage therapy (3.5 v 12 months; P less than .01), and longer median second remission durations (3.5 v 11 months; P less than .01). We conclude that late-relapse AML has unique clinical, cytogenetic, and prognostic characteristics, and remains extremely sensitive to chemotherapy with a potential cure fraction. The duration of first remission is an important prognostic parameter in AML relapse and may be useful in the design and analysis of future salvage programs.
Helmet ventilation in AIDS patients with severe pneumonia and acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
Authors: Lara Pisani, Luca Fasano, Nadia Corcione, Manuela Del Forno, Marco Ferrari, Stefano Nava
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The use of an invasive artificial airway in patients with AIDS admitted in ICU for acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to pneumonia is associated with a poor outcome because of the increased risk of infectious complications during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). It has been shown in one study that mask ventilation may be effective in avoiding intubation in these patients, but this interface is not always well tolerated in severely hypoxic patients, where even a brief disconnession from the ventilator may induce dramatic drop in SaO2. In order to evaluate the efficacy of NIV using the helmet as interface, we analyzed 6 adult HIV infected patients (all males; mean age 48,5, ± 8,5) admitted in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) for severe hypoxaemic ARF (PaO2/FiO2 92%. 1/6 (17%) patient required intubation for refractory hypoxia. Arterial blood gases improved during the time course (i.e.PaO2/FiO2 131 ± 22 mmHg, PaCO2 31 ± 4 mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 217 ± 73 mmHg, PaCO2 33 ±3mmHg; PaO2/FiO2 233 ± 93mmHg, PaCO2 35 ± 4 mmHg, at admission, 1 h. and 48 h. after initiation,respectively). Respiratory rate and dyspnea score were also significantly improved vs enrolment, starting 1 h after initiation. Helmet is an effective interface to supply NIV in severily hypoxic patients with AIDS.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as therapy for primary induction failure for patients with acute leukemia.
Authors: S J Forman, G M Schmidt, A P Nademanee, M D Amylon, N J Chao, J L Fahey, P N Konrad, K A Margolin, J C Niland, M R O'Donnell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The survival of patients with acute leukemia who do not achieve a remission with primary therapy is very poor. High-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been shown to be effective therapy for patients with acute and chronic leukemia. Therefore, we determined the long-term disease-free survival of patients who did not achieve a remission and were then treated with high-dose therapy and bone marrow allografting from matched sibling donors. Twenty-one patients (median age, 28 years) who did not achieve a remission with induction chemotherapy were subsequently treated with allogeneic BMT. After BMT, 90% achieved a complete remission. Six died of complications of the therapy, and six patients relapsed between 27 and 448 days after BMT. Nine patients (43%; median age, 25 years) are alive between 556 and 4,174 days after BMT. The cumulative probability of disease-free survival at 10 years is 43%. This study suggests that allogeneic BMT can be an effective therapy to achieve long-term control of acute leukemia, even in those patients who do not achieve a remission with primary therapy.
Abstract 2198: The Combination of Serum Inflammatory Markers (CRP and PAI-1) and Positron Emission Tomography Can Identify Vulnerable Plaques Leading to Arterial Thrombosis.
Authors: Kusai Aziz, Kevin Berger, Kate Claycombe, Hongbao Ma, Ruiping Huang, Roshan Patel, George Abela
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Serum inflammatory markers are associated with risk for cardiovascular events. Also, it has been shown that Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in plaques is proportional to the...
Caesarean section, early life pet exposure and total IgE at age 18 years
Authors: Christine Cole Johnson, Ganesa Wegienka, Suzanne Havstad, Kimberley Woodcroft, Dennis Ownby, Edward Zoratti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

C-section has been related to pediatric atopic disorders and early pet exposure has been associated with an inverse risk. We observed that pet exposure was most strongly protective for total IgE at age 2 years in children delivered by C-section (Havstad et al, JACI 2011,128:880-885). Using the Childhood Allergy Study birth cohort from suburban Detroit Michigan, we analyzed whether C-section and indoor pet exposure were associated with IgE in 18 year old young adults. Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for total IgE (IU/ml) for delivery mode and indoor pet exposure categories. Wilcoxon rank sum (WRS) tests were used to compare IgE across groups. Mean IgE was 30.2 (CI 19.7-46.3) at age 18 for those born by C-section and exposed to pets, but was similar, 31.7 (CI 25.5-39.6) in those with vaginal delivery and a pet. The highest IgE level, 53.1 (CI 33.6-83.9) was found among those delivered by C-section and not exposed to a pet, while IgE was 45.1 (37.2-54.5) for those born vaginally and without early pet exposure. The WRS p value across these groups was borderline significant at 0.054. Among children taking an antibiotic in the first six months, the highest IgE levels were found among those without a pet (59.4, CI 44.7-79.0 with vaginal birth and 53.5, CI 22.3-128.2 among C-sectioned subjects), and the lowest was found among those delivered vaginally and with early exposure to a pet (31.4, CI 23.0-43.0), with a significant WRS p value of 0.030. The WRS was not significant among children without an antibiotic prescription.These data provide another potential example of early life developmental origins of adult chronic conditions.
Abstract 4596: Efficacy and Safety of Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent versus Sirolimus-Eluting or Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent for Patients With Long Coronary Artery Disease in the ZEST Trial: A Subanalysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Jeong-Sook Seo, Duk-Woo Park, Haegeun Song, Jong Seon Park, Sun-Yang Min, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park, Zest Trial Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2009)

BACKGROUND Outcomes remain relatively unfavorable for stent-based coronary intervention of lesions with long diseased segments. Studies comparing the first-generation sirolimus- and paclitaxel-elut...
LSC 2013 abstract - Sphingosine-1-phosphate administration in vivo induces airway inflammation and hypereactivity in a IgE-dependent manner
Authors: Fiorentina Roviezzo, Antonio Bertolino, Raffaella Sorrentino, Angela Ianaro, Giuseppe Cirino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: S1P systemic administration leads to an increased airway hyper-reactivity.

Aim: To address the mechanism(s) involved in S1P-induced airway hyper-reactivity.

Methods/Results: Balb/c mice receiving s.c. injection of S1P (10ng) display a dose- and time-dependent increase in airway reactivity. Airway hyper-reactivity was coupled to an enhanced inflammatory response. In particular, lungs harvested from S1P-treated animals showed an increased cell infiltration, loss of the alveolar structure and mucous cell metaplasia. We also found a significant increase in serum levels of both PGD2 and IgE. FACS analysis on lung-derived cells evidenced that mast cells were prominent cell type. Proliferation assay of peripheral lymph nodes-derived cells showed that lymphocytes (CD4+) obtained from S1P-sensitized mice displayed a higher proliferation rate compared to cells from vehicle group. In order to address mast cells or T cells contribution in S1P effect mast cell knock-out mice (MCKO) and nude athymic mice were used. In MCKO mice S1P-induced hyper-reactivity was lost, while, still displayed an ongoing inflammatory response. Furthermore IgE serum levels were still increased in MCKO. Conversely, the absence of T cells first dampened S1P-induced hyper-responsiveness and, more interestingly, abrogated inflammatory response.

Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that S1P alters lung morphology leading towards an asthma-like environment in which mucus and prostaglandins together with IgE are highly produced. Mast cells are mainly responsible for the airway increased reactivity but do not play a key role in the inflammatory effect elicited by S1P and driven by T cells.
Twelve versus 36 months of adjuvant imatinib (IM) as treatment of operable GIST with a high risk of recurrence: Final results of a randomized trial (SSGXVIII/AIO).
Authors: H. Joensuu, M. Eriksson, J. Hatrmann, K. Sundby Hall, J. Schutte, A. Reichardt, M. Schlemmer, E. Wardelmann, G. Ramadori, S. Al-Batran, B. E. Nilsson, O. Monge, R. Kallio, M. Sarlomo-Rikala, P. Bono, M. Leinonen, P. Hohenberger, T. Alvegard, P. Reichardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

LBA1 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2011 Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on June 4, 2011, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2011, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology.
The value of models in informing resource allocation in colorectal cancer screening: the case of the Netherlands
Authors: Frank van Hees, Ann G Zauber, Harriët van Veldhuizen, Marie-Louise A Heijnen, Corine Penning, Harry J de Koning, Marjolein van Ballegooijen, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
Journal: Gut (2015)

In May 2011, the Dutch government decided to implement a national programme for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using biennial faecal immunochemical test screening between ages 55 and 75. Decision modelling played an important role in informing this decision, as well as in the planning and implementation of the programme afterwards. In this overview, we illustrate the value of models in informing resource allocation in CRC screening using the role that decision modelling has played in the Dutch CRC screening programme as an example.
Engineered nanoparticles induce apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Hasan Bayram, Bulent Gogebakan, Recep Bayraktar, Ahmet Arslan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Engineered nanoparticles are widely used by the industry, however, it is not clear whether they posses a risk on respiratory health. The objectives of our study were to investigate effects of Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) viability and death. BEAS-2B cells and primary BEC obtained from both smokers and patients with COPD were incubated with 0-300μg/ml TiO 2  and MWCNT for 24-48hrs. Cell viability was assessed by MTT, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE and 7AAD dyes. TiO 2  significantly decreased the viability of BEAS-2B cells at 100 (optical density [OD]=0.65; p 2  (300μg/ml) decreases percentage of viable cells (90.66% vs 94.01%; p= 0.0009), while inducing the percentage of late apoptotic (0.72% vs 0.42%; p=0.017) and necrotic (6.63% vs 4.03%; p=0.0009) cells. MWCNT also showed similar effects on apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells. These findings suggest that engineered nanoparticles may possess a risk on respiratory health by modifying viability and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells.
Functional capacity and cardiac autonomic modulation during resistance exercise at critical load in the elderly
Authors: Renata Mendes, Vivian Arakelian, Daniela Dutra, Nuno Sousa, Danilo Bertucci, Camila Gatto, Vilmar Baldissera, Aparecida Catai, Audrey Borghi-Silva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Resistance exercise (RE) has been strongly encouraged in the elderly. However, the responses and relationships between functional capacity and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) during RE at critical load (CL), which indicates the transition of moderate to intense exercise, remains to be investigated. Objective: To evaluate the cardiorespiratory and CAM responses during RE at CL in young and elderly volunteers and to assess the relationship between them. Methods: 12 young (21.9±1.9 yrs) and 10 elderly (68.9±3.5 yrs) males were evaluated. Tests included: - 1 repetition maximum (1RM); - 3 RE constant load tests (60, 75 and 90% 1RM) to obtain CL by linear regression (load X reverse of time) and; - RE test at CL on Leg Press. At rest and CL test were performed: pulmonary gas exchange breath-by-breath and obtained oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE) and recorded heart rate and R-R intervals. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices (rMSSD, SD1, SD2, DFAα1 and ApEn) were analyzed. Data analysis included unpaired t test and Pearson correlation. Results: Elderly volunteers presented lower HRV values of change (RE at CL – rest) compared to young. At CL test, VO2 and VCO2 were well correlated with SD2 (r = 0.95, P=.01), and DFAα1 (r = 0.90, P=.03), respectively. ApEn was correlated with number of RE repetitions (r = 0.88, P=.04), as well as, SD2 with CL in kg (r = 0.94, P=.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest attenuated cardiac autonomic response to RE at CL in the elderly and that functional capacity truly reflect cardiac autonomic modulation during RE at CL in elderly subjects. Financial support: CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP.
Abstract 2640: The Size of Lipid-Rich Necrotic Core and Presence of Hemorrhage are Associated with Fibrous Cap Status in Carotid Atheroma: A 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Hideki Ota, Wei Yu, Hunter R Underhill, Minako Oikawa, Li Dong, Xihai Zao, Nayak L Polissar, Tianli Gao, Zhuo Zhang, Zixu Yan, Miao Guo, Zhaoqi Zhang, Thomas S Hatsukami, Chun Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose: Histology studies of carotid specimens suggest an association between lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) size, hemorrhage, and fibrous cap status. However, these studies represent a select po...