tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Descriptive profile of scapulothoracic position, strength and flexibility variables in adolescent elite tennis players
Authors: A. M. Cools, F. R. Johansson, D. C. Cambier, A. V. Velde, T. Palmans, E. E. Witvrouw
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Descriptive study, cross-sectional design.Tennis requires repetitive overhead movement patterns that can lead to upper extremity injury. The scapula plays a vital role in injury-free playing. Scapular dysfunction has been associated with shoulder injury in the overhead athlete.The purpose of this study was to describe variables regarding scapular position, muscle strength and flexibility in young elite tennis players.Thirty-five adolescent Swedish elite tennis players (19 boys, aged 13.6 (+/-1.4) years, 16 girls, aged 12.6 (+/-1.3) years), selected on the basis of their national ranking, underwent a clinical screening protocol consisting of: scapular upward rotation at several angles of arm elevation; isometric scapular muscle strength; and anthropometric measurement of pectoralis minor (PM) length.The players showed significantly more scapular upward rotation on their dominant side (p<0.001). For both genders, upper trapezius (p=0.003) and serratus anterior (p=0.01) strength was significantly greater on the dominant side, whereas middle and lower trapezius strength showed no side differences. PM was shorter on the dominant side (p<0.001), and in the female players (p=0.006) compared with the boys.These results indicate some sports-related adaptations of young tennis players on their dominant side at the scapulothoracic level to exposure to their sport. These data may assist the clinician in the prevention and rehabilitation of sport-specific injuries in adolescent tennis players.
S59 A -Val360: a plasma marker of neutrophil elastase activity and COPD disease severity
Authors: R. Carter, M. J. Ungurs, R. A. Stockley
Journal: Thorax (2010)

In both A1AT deficient and replete subjects, it is widely believed that protease-antiprotease imbalance is central to the pathophysiology of COPD,1 although (in the absence of an exacerbation) it is difficult to detect free elastase activity.<sup>2</sup> This is explained by recent mathematical and in vitro modelling suggesting proteolysis and subsequent enzyme inhibition occur within the immediate microenvironment of the neutrophil.<sup>3</sup> We have therefore validated a (pre-inhibition) elastase cleavage product of fibrinogen (Aα-Val<sup>360</sup>) produced in this microenvironment as a potential marker for COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Pilot study</i>: Plasma Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> was measured in 68 subjects with a wide range of A1AT levels, and in a further 64 PiZ A1AT deficient subjects, spirometry and plasma Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> were measured in the stable state. <i>Subjects with COPD (Normal A1AT levels)</i>: 81 subjects were recruited in a primary care setting following an exacerbation associated with sputum production. Trial participants were assessed on day 1 of the exacerbation and in the stable clinical state when full lung function tests and HRCT were also performed. HRCT scans were analysed both densitometrically (voxel index) and visually. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Pilot study</i>: There was an exponential relationship between Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> and the A1AT concentration consistent with theoretical modelling and a negative correlation with FEV1 in the PiZ subjects (r=−0.321, p=0.005). <i>COPD study (Normal A1AT levels)</i>: Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> was greater in subjects with visible emphysema compared to those without (median 21.77 vs 16.98; p=0.013) and correlated well with both physiology and densitometry (Abstract S59 Table 1). Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> was significantly higher in subjects experiencing a purulent versus non-purulent exacerbation (day 1 median 26.29 vs 21.22; p=0.03), and although values fell, the difference persisted even in the stable state (21.89 vs 17.01; p=0.002). Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> was also higher on day 1 than in the stable state (23.72 vs 21.28; p=0.005) even when stratified into non-purulent (21.22 vs 20.00; p=0.022) or purulent subgroups (26.29 vs 21.83; p=0.043). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> correlates well with physiological and radiological markers of COPD disease severity (in subjects with and without A1AT deficiency) and increases during exacerbations (particularly in those with purulent sputum), both supporting the pathophysiological importance of elastase and demonstrating the potential of Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> as a valid biomarker in COPD. Further work is required to relate Aα-Val<sup>360</sup> to longitudinal measures of disease progression.
DNA released from dying host cells mediates aluminum adjuvant activity
Authors: Thomas Marichal, Keiichi Ohata, Denis Bedoret, Claire Mesnil, Catherine Sabatel, Kouji Kobiyama, Pierre Lekeux, Cevayir Coban, Shizuo Akira, Ken J Ishii, Fabrice Bureau, Christophe J Desmet
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
The Salmonella Effector SptP Dephosphorylates Host AAA+ ATPase VCP to Promote Development of its Intracellular Replicative Niche
Authors: Daniel Humphreys, Peter J. Hume, Vassilis Koronakis
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)

Virulence effectors delivered into intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella trigger actin remodeling to direct pathogen internalization and intracellular replication in Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs). One such effector, SptP, functions early during pathogen entry to deactivate Rho GTPases and reverse pathogen-induced cytoskeletal changes following uptake. SptP also harbors a C-terminal protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) domain with no clear host substrates. Investigating SptP's longevity in infected cells, we uncover a late function of SptP, showing that it associates with SCVs, and its PTPase activity increases pathogen replication. Direct SptP binding and specific dephosphorylation of the AAA+ ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), a facilitator of cellular membrane fusion and protein degradation, enhanced pathogen replication in SCVs. VCP and its adaptors p47 and Ufd1 were necessary for generating Salmonella-induced filaments on SCVs, a membrane fusion event characteristic of the pathogen replicative phase. Thus, Salmonella regulates the biogenesis of an intracellular niche through SptP-mediated dephosphorylation of VCP.
A piece of my mind. Never marry a doctor
Authors: M. A. LaCombe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

He could never whine that he hadn't been warned. There had been the famous seduction scene before the fire on Christmas Eve—that alone should have driven him off. And being a doctor himself, he might have known what it is like to live with one. But when have we ever counted ourselves as anything but a blessing? He had decorated the tree with grace, nothing garish; its lights were soft and inviting, with just the right amount of largess under the boughs, coals richly red in the hearth—all this to be seen by her as metaphor for life ever after with him. Having promised to work holidays for his partner for months hence, he had his patients and duties covered for this one evening and readied his nerve to propose. She arrived on time, and a woman on time is as rare as was her beauty. She made quite a
Cerebral Perfusion Impairment With Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Patient With Neuro-Behĉet’s Disease
Authors: MOTOO OSHIMA, YOSHIROU KIKUCHI, SIGERU FURUI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A patient with neuro-Behĉet’s disease was evaluated in this study. A noninvasive approach using hexamethylpropylene amineoxime SPECT was performed to show the findings quantitatively. The patient was blind, and quantitative SPECT detected decreased regional cerebral blood flow in the occipitoparietal regions, including the visual cortex bilaterally. However, MRI findings were normal except for minimal ischemic changes in the deep white matter. The findings on regional cerebral blood flow brain SPECT correlated well with the clinical symptoms of blindness. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 43-year-old man was hospitalized for ocular inflammation and blindness. Fifteen years earlier, at age 28, he had oral and genital aphthous ulcers and uveitis. A diagnosis of Behĉet’s disease was made and prednisolone treatment was started. However, 6 years ago, uveitis recurred and he had a fever of 39°C and finger tremor. A diagnosis of neuro-Behĉet’s disease was made. Since then, the ocular inflammation recurred and his vision gradually deteriorated, at which time he was readmitted to our hospital. Examination revealed iritis and retinitis. A neurologic examination revealed hyper-reflexia of the lower legs and muscle weakness of the left leg. An MRI was acquired with a 1.5-Tesla unit. Results of the MRI were normal, except for minimal ischemic changes in the deep white matter.FIGURE 2Fig 2: Quantitative SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO detected decreased regional cerebral blood flow in the occipitoparietal regions (arrow), including the visual cortex (arrow head) bilaterally (1, 2). These findings correlated well with the clinical symptoms of blindness (3). (Left, single transaxial view. Right, sequential transaxial views.)
The Evolution of Spliceosomal Introns in Alveolates
Authors: Hung D. Nguyen, Maki Yoshihama, Naoya Kenmochi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Many issues concerning the evolution of spliceosomal introns remain poorly understood. In this respect, the reconstruction of the evolution of introns in deep branching species such as alveolates is of special significance. In this study, we inferred the intron evolution in alveolates using 3,368 intron positions in 162 orthologs from 10 species (9 alveolates and 1 outgroup, Homo sapiens). We found that although very few intron gains and losses have occurred in Theileria and Plasmodium recently, many intron gains and losses have occurred in the evolution of alveolates. Thus, the rates of intron gain and loss in alveolates have varied greatly across time and lineage. Our results seem to support the notion that massive intron gains and losses have occurred during short episodes, perhaps coinciding with major evolutionary events.
Injectable, self-gelling, biodegradable, and immunomodulatory DNA hydrogel for antigen delivery
Authors: Makiya Nishikawa, Kohei Ogawa, Yuka Umeki, Kohta Mohri, Yohji Kawasaki, Hiroshi Watanabe, Natsuki Takahashi, Eri Kusuki, Rei Takahashi, Yuki Takahashi, Yoshinobu Takakura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Post Combat Compost
Authors: Elspeth Cameron Ritchie
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bat3 promotes T cell responses and autoimmunity by repressing Tim-3–mediated cell death and exhaustion
Authors: Manu Rangachari, Chen Zhu, Kaori Sakuishi, Sheng Xiao, Jozsef Karman, Andrew Chen, Mathieu Angin, Andrew Wakeham, Edward A Greenfield, Raymond A Sobel, Hitoshi Okada, Peter J McKinnon, Tak W Mak, Marylyn M Addo, Ana C Anderson, Vijay K Kuchroo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Most African governments invest a third of what they promised on child health
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A survey that ranks African governments’ performance in budgeting for their children shows not only sharp contrasts in terms of the region’s investment in children, but also the wide gap that exists between what governments have promised and what they are prioritising and delivering in their budgets.

The report, released on 25 May in Dakar by the African Child Policy Forum, ranks 52 governments’ performance on the basis of their spending in the key sectors that affect children’s welfare: health, education, social protection, and early childhood development.

Despite improvements in spending on health, the report indicates that Africa still has a relatively low …
Radiology of the Urinary System
Authors: James F. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

These two volumes on radiology of the urinary tract represent a presentation of the experience of the author and his numerous contributors on the various radiological appearances of diseases of the urinary tract from the viewpoint of the practicing radiologist. Each of the 17 chapters is related to a major disorder as encountered within the urinary system. The material is profusely illustrated, comprehensively described, and beautifully reproduced by the printers. The topics include technique, congenital anomalies, infections, tumors, injury, position abnormalities, vascular diseases, obstruction and dilation, cystic disease, medical diseases, pediatric uroradiology, computed tomography, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, and renal transplantation. The subject of microradiography in chapter 1 is well presented and interesting. It is especially helpful in understanding the ultrasonographic appearance of the kidney. Chapter 12, on renal size, must be read with some reservations. It is well known that radiographic study in the supine projection leads to false measurements
Incidence of euthanasia in the Netherlands falls as that of palliative sedation rises
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A meta-analysis of 42 trials of the type 2 diabetes drug rosiglitazone (Avandia) has shown a significantly raised risk of myocardial infarction and an increase in cardiovascular deaths that did not quite reach statistical significance (New England Journal of Medicine 2007 May 21 doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa072761).The analysis by Steven Nissen and Kathy Wolski, of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, included 15 560 patients randomly assigned to regimens that included rosiglitazone, and 12 283 patients assigned to regimens that did not.The mean age of patients was 56 years, and the mean baseline glycated haemoglobin concentration was about 8.2%.Patients receiving rosiglitazone had an odds ratio for myocardial infarction of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.98, P=0.03).The odds ratio for death from cardiovascular causes was 1.64 (0.98 to 2.74, P=0.06).An editorial (doi: 10.1056/NEJMe078099) criticised the Food and Drug Administration for approving the drug on the basis of only its efficacy in glycaemic control in short term studies and also for a poor system for reporting adverse events after marketing.Bruce Psaty of the University of Washington in Seattle and Curt Furberg of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, also say that the Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act, now moving through Congress, should be strengthened so that the FDA can follow a drug through its life cycle, with new emphasis on postmarketing.The FDA posted a safety alert on its website, cautioning patients taking the drug who have heart disease or are at high risk of a heart attack to talk to their doctors (www.fda.gov).GlaxoSmithKline said it "strongly disagrees" with the findings (www.gsk.com). Study links diabetes drug to heart deathsUK
Lack of association between antioxidant gene polymorphisms and progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners
Authors: B Yucesoy
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferases ( GST ) and manganese superoxide dismutase ( MnSOD ) are important components of lung defence against oxidative stress, and polymorphisms in the genes which regulate their expression may represent important disease modifiers. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted to determine the influence of the GSTP1 , GSTT1 and MnSOD polymorphisms on susceptibility to progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Seven hundred ex-coal miners were included in the study; 350 were classified as PMF cases while 350 with a similar underground mining tenure but no clinical or histological evidence of lung disease served as controls. Genotype analysis was performed on genomic DNA, using a 5′ nuclease PCR assay. Results: None of the individual investigated polymorphisms and two-way gene–gene interactions had a statistically significant association with PMF. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that polymorphic genotypes within the GST gene cluster and MnSOD do not affect individual susceptibility to PMF.
Complete absence of the third component of complement in man.
Authors: M Ballow, J E Shira, L Harden, S Y Yang, N K Day
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A 4-yr-old female patient who has recurrent infections with encapsulated bacteria and gramnegative organisms was found to have a complete absence of total hemolytic complement and C3. Total hemolytic complement was reconstituted by the addition of functionally pure C3. With the exception of a moderately reduced homolytic C4, all other C components, measured homolytically and by radial immunodiffusion, were present in normal amounts. By Ouchterlong analysis, the patient's serum contained C3b inactivator and properdin but no antigenic C3. Activation of the alternate pathway was examined by purified cobra venom factor (CVF) and inulin. Neither of these substances led to activation of properdin factor B to B. On addition of partially purified Cordis C3, in four out of four instances and with different preparations of Cordis C3, activation of factor B to B occurred in the inulin-serum-C3 mixture. In contrast, activation of factor B to B occurred only once out of four times with CVF-serum-C3 mixtures. Immune adherence was found to be normal in the patient's serum and could be removed by anti-C4 antiserum of hydrazine treatment. A marked opsonic defect was present against Escherichia coli. Serum bactericidal activity against a rough strain of E. coli was also defective. The ability to mobilize an infalmmatory response was examined by Rebuck skin window technique. A delay in neutrophil migration occurred until the 6th h. In vitro lymphocyte transformation and serum immunoglobulins were normal. The proportion of peripheral blood T cells forming spontaneous sheep erythrocyte rosettes and the percentage of B cells forming EAC rosettes by the C3 receptor were normal. The significance of the absence of C3 in our patient is emphasized by the increased number of infections with encapsulated bacteria and the decreased functional biological activities of the C system, important in host defense mechanism(s).
Cancer Risk Among Patients With Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Shahinaz M. Gadalla, Marie Lund, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Sanne Gørtz, Christine M. Mueller, Richard T. Moxley, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Magnus Björkholm, Fatma M. Shebl, James E. Hilbert, Ola Landgren, Jan Wohlfahrt, Mads Melbye, Mark H. Greene
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD) is an autosomal-dominant multisystem neuromuscular disorder characterized by unstable nucleotide repeat expansions. Case reports have suggested that MMD patients may be at increased risk of malignancy, putative risks that have never been quantified.To quantitatively evaluate cancer risk in patients with MMD, overall and by sex and age.We identified 1658 patients with an MMD discharge diagnosis in the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register or Danish National Patient Registry between 1977 and 2008. We linked these patients to their corresponding cancer registry. Patients were followed up from date of first MMD-related inpatient or outpatient contact to first cancer diagnosis, death, emigration, or completion of cancer registration.Risks of all cancers combined and by anatomic site, stratified by sex and age.One hundred four patients with an inpatient or outpatient discharge diagnosis of MMD developed cancer during postdischarge follow-up. This corresponds to an observed cancer rate of 73.4 per 10,000 person-years in MMD vs an expected rate of 36.9 per 10,000 person-years in the general Swedish and Danish populations combined (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4). Specifically, we observed significant excess risks of cancers of the endometrium (n = 11; observed rate, 16.1/10,000 person-years; SIR, 7.6; 95% CI, 4.0-13.2), brain (n = 7; observed rate, 4.9/10,000 person-years; SIR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.3-10.4), ovary (n = 7; observed rate, 10.3/10,000 person-years; SIR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.3-10.2), and colon (n = 10; observed rate, 7.1/10,000 person-years; SIR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.1). Cancer risks were similar in women and men after excluding genital organ tumors (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5, vs SIR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.5, respectively; P = .81 for heterogeneity; observed rates, 64.5 and 47.7 per 10,000 person-years in women and men, respectively). The same pattern of cancer excess was observed first in the Swedish and then in the Danish cohorts, which were studied sequentially and initially analyzed independently.Patients with MMD identified from the Swedish and Danish patient registries were at increased risk of cancer both overall and for selected anatomic sites.
123 The rapid induction of C-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling associated with liver regeneration is mediated via the activation of P2 purinergic receptors
Authors: S THEVANANTHER, H SUN, S AWAD, S WYLLIE, S KARPEN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The transmembrane domain (TM) and flanking regions of glycosyltransferases (GTs) have been implicated in the localization of these proteins in the Golgi apparatus (GA). α3/4 Fucosyltransferase III (FT3wt) (EC 2.4.1.65) is localized in the trans-Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and synthesizes Lewis determinants associated with cell adhesion events. We have evaluated the effect of removing the cytosolic domain on the localization of the enzyme and its capacity for synthesizing the Lewis A (Le A) determinant. The mutant where the cytoplasmic domain (Asp-2 to Trp-13) of FT3wt has been deleted (FT3dc) was localized in the Golgi but it was shifted to earlier compartments than FT3wt. The mutant was not detected on the plasma membrane (PM) and glycosylation analysis indicated that FT3dc was transported beyond the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) since complex type glycosylation was observed. Cells expressing FT3dc showed a significantly lower efficiency to synthesize Le A when compared with cells expressing FT3wt, in vivo. This reduction was not due to lower specific activity because both enzyme forms had a similar specific activity in vitro.Therefore, removal of FT3 cytosolic tail caused a shift in enzyme distribution to earlier Golgi compartments concomitant to the decrease of its biosynthetic capacity.