tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Therapeutic Research on Informed Consent and the Ethics of Clinical Trials: A Medical Oncology Perspective
Authors: Christopher K. Daugherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To create a more meaningful understanding of the informed consent process as it has come to be practiced and regulated in clinical trials, this discussion uses the experience gained from the conduct of therapeutic research that involves cancer patients. DESIGN: After an introduction of the ethical tenets of the consent process in clinical research that involves potentially vulnerable patients as research subjects, background that details the use of written consent documents and of the term “informed consent” is provided. Studies from the cancer setting that examine the inadequacies of written consent documents, and the outcome of the consent process itself, are reviewed. Two ethically challenging areas of cancer clinical research, the phase I trial and the randomized controlled trial, are discussed briefly as a means of highlighting many dilemmas present in clinical trials. Before concluding, areas for future research are discussed. RESULTS: Through an exclusive cancer research perspective, many current deficiencies in the informed consent process for therapeutic clinical trials can be critically examined. Also, new directions for improvements and areas of further research can be outlined and discussed objectively. The goals of such improvements and research should be prevention of further misguided or ineffective efforts to regulate the informed consent process. CONCLUSION: To ignore this rich and interesting perspective potentially contributes to continued misunderstanding and apathy toward fulfilling the regulatory and ethically obligatory requirements involved in an essential communication process between a clinician-investigator and a potentially vulnerable patient who is considering clinical trial participation.
The etiology of foreign bodies found during aspiration of the respiratory airways of children from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Rodica Eremciuc, Svetlana Sciuca, Valentina Mitu, Alina Starostin, Liliana Toma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The aspiration of foreign bodies from the respiratory airways of children is important and they are a significant cause of death and raise the risk of severe pulmonary disease.  Aim: To study the etiological, clinical and endoscopic effects on children undergoing foreign body aspiration.  Method: We present a retrospective study of 38 cases of bronchial foreign body, who presented in the pulmonary pediatric clinic during 2011-2012, with a median age - 3,6±0,2 years. The diagnosis was confirmed by rigid tube bronchoscopy. Children were investigated with a history suggesting aspiration. Clinical and radiological pulmonary signs accounted for 61,16%, local hyperinflation 21%, atelectazis 27% and mediastinal displacement 10,52%.  Results: 65,8% of children came from rural zones. Aspiration commonly happens in the summer-autumn season (73,7%) when seed and nuts harvesting occurs. Aspiration typically presents initially with a dry cough (76,6%), followed by broncho-obstructive syndrome (33%) then signs of pneumonia (52,6%).Bronchoscopy confirms the predominance of: sun flower seeds (71%), pumpkin seeds (5.,7%), fish bones (5,7%), nuts, pieces of fruit (7,2%), watermelon seeds, eggshell–2,6% each and other food stuffs (7,2%). The foreign bodies were more commonly found in the right bronchus (52,6%), the frequency in the left one was 36,8%. In 10,3% cases it was found in both bronchi. 71% of children had cataral-purulent endobronchitis, 26,3% granulations, mucosal friability in 15,8%, localized bleeding 13,2%.  Conclusion: In Republic of Moldova, foreign body aspiration frequently presents as a pediatric emergency and sunflower seeds are the commonest cause.
Justification for statistical process control in daily home spirometry for COPD patients
Authors: Worawan Sirichana, Milan H. Patel, Michael S. Taylor, Chi-Hong Tseng, Igor Barjaktarevic, Eric C. Kleerup, Christopher B. Cooper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction 

Remote monitoring (RM) for patients with chronic pulmonary disease is desirable but there is uncertainty about test feasibility, validity, cost and patient adherence. ATS/ERS recommendations for performing forced spirometry require 3 acceptable and repeatable tests. Whilst appropriate for one-time testing, these recommendations are not practicable for daily RM.

Aims and Objectives 

Our aims were to use statistical process control and a new algorithm (SPC) for the interpretation of serial spirometry obtained from RM, to reduce the required number of daily manoeuvres and to reduce the burden on patients whilst not compromising test validity.

Methods 

The CLEAR study at UCLA enrolls patients with moderate to severe COPD for 12 months of RM. Subjects perform daily slow and forced spirometry(SpiroPro). They also measure pulse oximetry and complete daily electronic questionnaires. Data are transferred by modem and secure internet protocol to UCLA servers.

Results 

From 12 subjects in RM, aged 72.6 (7.3) years, mean(SD), FEV1 51.1 (16.0)%, we accumulated 1,063 days of spirometry using ATS/ERS criteria. Subjects performed 4.5 (0.5) manoeuvres/day (range 3-5) spending 14:11 (5:51) min/day with 71.6% adherence. Best FEV1 from first 2 manoeuvres, 0.940 (0.419) L, was clinically equivalent to that from 5 manoeuvres, 0.954 (0.424) L, (difference 14.2 ml; P<0.001). Using SPC for 205 days, (1-2 manoeuvres) measurement time decreased to 5:59 (1:47) min/day and adherence improved to 91.7%.

Conclusion 

We demonstrated the feasibility of using SPC for RM of COPD patients and reduced monitoring time to less than 6 min/day with >90% adherence. We also showed that 2 manoeuvres are sufficient for daily spirometry.
Early estimates of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus activity in general practice in France: incidence of influenza-like illness and age distribution of reported cases
Authors: C Turbelin, C Pelat, P Y Boëlle, D Lévy-Bruhl, F Carrat, T Blanchon, T Hanslik
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In the end of August 2009, an unusually elevated level of influenza-like illness (ILI) activity was reported to the French Sentinel Network. We quantified the observed excess in ILI cases in France during summer 2009 and characterised age patterns in reported cases. An excess of cases has been observed since 5 July, with a time increasing trend. The cumulated estimated excess number of ILI cases was 269,935 [179,585; 316,512], corresponding to 0.5% French population over the period. Compared to the same period in the past years, relative cumulated incidence was greater among young subjects and lower among subjects over 65 years-old. Compared to past epidemics, the relative cumulated incidence was greater in children less than five years-old. This excess of cases may reflect the current spread of the A(H1N1) virus in France, subject to the following limitations: estimates were based on clinical cases consulting a GP; large media coverage may have led to a non specific increase in consultation rates.
Evaluation of smoking pattern and its correlation with addiction among substance abusers
Authors: Mahshid Aryanpur, Zahra Hessami, Gholamreza Heydari, Mohammadreza Aryan, MohamadReza Masjedi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Since tobacco consumption is not illegal, people are often not considering it as an addictive substance. It has been revealed that young smokers have a stronger desire and tendency to experience high risk behaviors and have a greater risk of substance abuse.  objective:  This study aimed at evaluating the pattern of smoking and its effect on initiation of substance abuse in those presenting to the rehabilitation centers and substance abuse clinics.  Materials and Methods:  In this descriptive cross sectional study. 487 cases referred to the rehabilitation centers and substance abuse clinics in Tehran were evaluated with a standard questionnaire.  Results:  A total of462 person (95.9%) mentioned a history of smoking. There were 435 (92.4%) smokers which 261 (57.7%) had moderate or high nicotine dependence. A significant correlation was detected between first substance abuse experience or daily substance abuse during the first 2 years following smoking onset (P=0.006).  Those who started smoking at a younger age in our study started substance abuse significantly sooner than others or developed a daily addiction to it. Using below formula, we can anticipate how long after smoking experience one would probably experience their first substance abuse (P=0.001).  First substance abuse experience age=7.72+0.78 (first smoke experience age)  Conclusion:  A significant correlation exists between smoking and future substance abuse. Therefore, efforts must be made to prevent tobacco consumption in the first place. For those who are already smokers, preventive and supportive measures must be undertaken to prevent substance abuse especially in the first two years following smoking initiation.
Death and Metastatic Distribution of Tumor Cells in Mice Monitored With &lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I-Iododeoxyuridine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kurt G. Hofer, Wolf Prensky, Walter L. Hughes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Death and Metastatic Distribution of Tumor Cells in Mice Monitored With 125I-Iododeoxyuridine Get access Kurt G. Hofer, Kurt G. Hofer Department of Physiology, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolf Prensky, Wolf Prensky Department of Physiology, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter L. Hughes Walter L. Hughes Department of Physiology, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 4, October 1969, Pages 763–773, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.4.763 Published: 01 October 1969 Article history Received: 28 April 1969 Accepted: 06 June 1969 Published: 01 October 1969
Tumor-Associated Antigens in Isoantigenic Variants of a 3-Methylcholanthrene-lnduced Sarcoma 2
Authors: Daniel Oth, Monique Berebbi, Georges Meyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A sarcoma was induced in an (A.CA X A.BY)F1 mouse. Two isoantigenic variants were selected by loss of one H-2 antigen. The tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) of these variants were compared as to their specificities in (A.CA X A.BY)F1 mice. Both transplantation and indirect membrane immunfluorescence tests revealed that TATA of both variants did not cross-react. Thus selecting angainst different H-2 antigens also selected different TATA. Karyotype studies suggested that both variants originated from a unique clone.
Super‐responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy remain at risk for ventricular arrhythmias and benefit from defibrillator treatment
Authors: Aafke C. van der Heijden, Ulas Höke, Joep Thijssen, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Johannes B. van Rees, Enno T. van der Velde, Martin J. Schalij, Lieselot van Erven
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - Real life experience from a german tertiary referral centre for interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Ute Oltmanns, Nicolas Kahn, Heinrich Wenz, Claus-Peter Heussel, Michael Puderbach, Svenja Ehlers-Tenenbaum, Arne Warth, Felix Herth, Philip Schnabel, Michael Kreuter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Pirfenidone is a newly licensed antifibrotic drug that might slow down disease progression and increase progression free survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, side effects may offset treatment benefits and patient compliance. Recent course of disease, side effects and compliance were analysed in a tertiary ILD centre observation.  Methods: 60 patients suffering from mild-moderate IPF according to ATS guidelines started pirfenidone therapy after consensual multidisciplinary ILD Board decision. Pulmonary function tests and treatment side effects were recorded at each clinic visit. Data are presented as median (interquartile range 25-75%). Disease progression was defined as a reduction of vital capacity (VC) ≥10% or diffusion capacity (DLCO) ≥15%.  Results: Patient age was 70 (63-74) years, with a VC of 68 (58-80)% and a DLCO of 38 (30-52)% of predicted normal. Follow-up time on treatment was 210 (120-383) days. 7 patients (12%) showed disease progression. Overall VC and DLCO changed by 0 (-6 to +2)% and 2 (-3 to +9)%, respectively. 38 patients (66%) reported treatment-related side effects leading to drug discontinuation in 8 patients (14%). In order of frequency, reported side effects were: nausea, anorexia, fatigue, skin reactions, dizziness and myalgias. Other reasons for treatment termination were death (n=4), incompliance (n=3) and lung transplantation (n=1).  Discussion: The majority of IPF patients treated with pirfenidone showed stable disease. Drug-related side effects are common but mostly manageable with supportive care, however, treatment discontinuation was required in 1 out of 7.
c-erbB-2 protein expression in node negative breast cancer
Authors: J. Richner, H.A. Gerber, G.W. Locher, A. Goldhirsch, R.D. Gelber, W.J. Gullick, M.S. Berger, B. Groner, N.E. Hynes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1990)

We investigated the expression of c-erB-2 protein in two matched groups of breast cancer patients, one with and one without relapse. 37 patients with relapse were compared with 42 patients without recurrence for time of observation, adjuvant treatment, age, menopausal status and estrogen receptor content. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with the polyclonal antibody 21N, raised against a synthetic peptide from the predicted sequence of the c-erbB-2 protein. The staining of c-erbB-2 was measured on a scale of 0 to 3+. C-erbB-2 staining was negative in 16 (38%) patients in the relapse-free group, and in 8 (22%) of the patients with metastases. Neither disease-free survival (DFS) nor overall survival (OS) were dependent upon the extent of c-erbB-2 expression. An analysis by estrogen receptor (ER) status (i.e. positive or negative) and by c-erbB-2 expression (i.e. positive or negative) revealed that patients with ER-positive primaries and negative c-erbB-2 have the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). We conclude that c-erbB-2 expression might be clinically useful only if other prognostic variables (e.g. estrogen receptor content in the tumor) are also considered.
The impact of the great East Japan earthquake against the occurrence of influenza A
Authors: Takehiro Yajima, Daisuke Jingu, Satoshi Ubukata, Makoto Shoji, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiroshi Takahashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: H1N1 09pdm emerged in April 2009 and became worldwide epidemic for two seasons, 2009-10 and 2010-11. We experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011: the second year of H1N1 09pdm epidemic. The patient profile of influenza A in the Shiogama-Tagajo area changed after the 3.11 earthquake.  Objectives: We examined the impact of the earthquake against the occurrence of influenza A.  Methods: We weighed patient distribution, age composition, and clinical presentation retrospectively during three periods: the 2009-10 influenza season (Period 1), the 2010-11 season before the 3.11 earthquake (Period 2A: from 15 December 2010 to 11 March 2011) and after the earthquake (Period 2B: from 12 March to 9 April 2011).  Results: A total of 2337 patients with Influenza A were diagnosed by rapid diagnostic tests (Period 1: n=1574, Period 2A: n=671, Period 2B: n=92). During Period 1, the number of patients presented single peak in week 47 of 2009 and reached nadir in week 7 of 2010. During Period 2A, the number of patients peaked in week 3 of 2011 and declined steadily from week 4. Then the number of patients increased again for two weeks after the 3.11 earthquake. As for age composition, a ratio of adult patients in Period 2B was much higher than Period 1 or Period 2A (Period 2B: 62/92 (67.4%) vs. Period 1: 518/1574 (32.9%), P  Conclusions: After the 3.11 earthquake, a ratio of the elderly increased 100-fold compared to the 2009-10 season.
Acknowledging island pedicle flaps for the repair of defects of the medial canthus
Authors: W. Hussain
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article Acknowledging island pedicle flaps for the repair of defects of the medial canthus Get access W. Hussain W. Hussain Department of Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Leeds Centre for Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, U.K. E‐mail: dr_w_hussain@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue 6, 1 December 2012, Page 1397, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11059.x Published: 01 December 2012
Studies of Thirty Different Bence Jones Protein-Producing Plasma Cell Neoplasms in an Inbred Strain of Mouse
Authors: K. Robert McIntire, Michael Potter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Studies of Thirty Different Bence Jones Protein-Producing Plasma Cell Neoplasms in an Inbred Strain of Mouse Get access K. Robert McIntire, K. Robert McIntire Laboratory of Biology, Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Potter Michael Potter Laboratory of Biology, Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 1964, Pages 631–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.4.631 Published: 01 October 1964 Article history Received: 22 January 1964 Published: 01 October 1964
Emerging tick-borne infections in mainland China: an increasing public health threat
Authors: Li-Qun Fang, Kun Liu, Xin-Lou Li, Song Liang, Yang Yang, Hong-Wu Yao, Ruo-Xi Sun, Ye Sun, Wan-Jun Chen, Shu-Qing Zuo, Mai-Juan Ma, Hao Li, Jia-Fu Jiang, Wei Liu, X Frank Yang, Gregory C Gray, Peter J Krause, Wu-Chun Cao
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
United States Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Steven L. Soignet, Stanley R. Frankel, Dan Douer, Martin S. Tallman, Hagop Kantarjian, Elizabeth Calleja, Richard M. Stone, Matt Kalaycio, David A. Scheinberg, Peter Steinherz, Eric L. Sievers, Steven Coutré, Steve Dahlberg, Ralph Ellison, Raymond P. Warrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

To determine the safety and efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).Forty patients experiencing first (n = 21) or > or = second (n = 19) relapse were treated with daily infusions of ATO to a maximum of 60 doses or until all leukemic cells in bone marrow were eliminated. Patients who achieved a complete remission (CR) were offered one consolidation course of ATO that began 3 to 4 weeks later. Patients who remained in CR were eligible to receive further cycles of ATO therapy on a maintenance study.Thirty-four patients (85%) achieved a CR. Thirty-one patients (91%) with CRs had posttreatment cytogenetic tests negative for t(15;17). Eighty-six percent of the patients who were assessable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction converted from positive to negative for the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-alpha transcript by the completion of their consolidation therapy. Thirty-two patients received consolidation therapy, and 18 received additional ATO as maintenance. Eleven patients underwent allogeneic (n = 8) or autologous (n = 3) transplant after ATO treatment. The 18-month overall and relapse-free survival (RFS) estimates were 66% and 56%, respectively. Twenty patients (50%) had leukocytosis (> 10,000 WBC/microL) during induction therapy. Ten patients developed signs or symptoms suggestive of the APL syndrome and were effectively treated with dexamethasone. Electrocardiographic QT prolongation was common (63%). One patient had an absolute QT interval of > 500 msec and had an asymptomatic 7-beat run of torsades de pointe. Two patients died during induction, neither from drug-related causes.This study establishes ATO as a highly effective therapy for patients with relapsed APL.
Variations of Blood Eosinophils and Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Serum in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: R. Dahl, P. Venge, I. Olsson
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Inhalation challenge test was performed in 12 patients with bronchial asthma. The subsequent variation in blood eosinophils and serum‐eosinophil canonic protein was followed up. Uniform patterns in both parameters were seen suggesting active participation of the eosinophil leucocyte in allergic: inflammation.
Quasispecies tropism and compartmentalization in gut and peripheral blood during early and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection: possible correlation with immune activation markers
Authors: G. Rozera, I. Abbate, C. Vlassi, E. Giombini, R. Lionetti, M. Selleri, P. Zaccaro, B. Bartolini, A. Corpolongo, G. D’Offizi, A. Baiocchini, F. Del Nonno, G. Ippolito, M.R. Capobianchi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Airway injury after intubation for lung surgery: Double lumen tube compared to EZ blocker
Authors: Erik (H.F.M.) van der Heijden, Olga C.J. Schuurbiers, Jordi Liesveld, Garance van Rooij, Ad F.T.M. Verhagen, Stefan M. van der Heide, Jo M.J. Mourisse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background 

Double lumen tubes (DLT) or bronchial blockers (BB) are used for isolated lung ventilation. DLT's can be positioned faster and remain firmly in place, but are more difficult to introduce. BB's are more difficult to position and need more frequent intraoperative repositioning. The design of a Y-shaped BB, the EZ-Blocker (AnaesthetIQ BV Rotterdam Netherlands, EZB) combines advantages of both techniques. This randomized study investigated efficiency, efficacy and safety of DLT's vs EZB and focused on airway injury caused by intubation.

Methods 

100 patients were randomly assigned to DLT or EZB group. Incidence and severity of damage to laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial structures were analysed by bronchoscopy before and after surgery. All procedures were recorded and injury was scored by a pulmonologist blinded for intubation type. Further the ease and time of placement, incidence of malpositions, quality of lung deflation, postoperative hoarseness and sore throat were assessed.

Results 

There was a significantly higher incidence of airway injury after DLT compared to EZB. Marked tracheal and bronchial hematomas were found in 58% vs 26% (P=0.002) and 31% vs 6 % (P=0.007). No differences were found in vocal cord and main carina injury. Placing single lumen tubes and EZB's took more time but was rated easier. The majority of EZB's and DLT's were initially malpositioned (42/49 DLT, 37/50 EZB). Lung deflation was comparable. Fewer patients in the EZB-group complained of sore throat.

Conclusions 

The EZB is an efficient and effective device for lung isolation and causes less injury and sore throat than DLT. Bronchoscopic control is recommended for both devices to ensure correct positioning.