tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biliary Copper Excretion in Acutely and Chronically Copper-loaded Rats
Authors: Masaru Harada, Shotaro Sakisaka, Masao Yoshitake, Satoshi Shakadoh, Kazuhisa Gondoh, Michio Sata, Kyuichi Tanikawa
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Biliary copper excretion was examined in rats with acute, continuous and chronic copper loads. Copper was excreted into bile, and the concentration peaked 40 min after a venous injection of copper sulfate (127 ng/gm body weight). The excretion was significantly inhibited by colchicine. Therefore some copper may be transported in hepatocytes by a vesicular pathway and excreted into bile. Biliary copper output increased over time and reached a plateau 180 min after a continuous venous infusion of copper sulfate (318 ng/gm body weight/hr) had started, when the concentration of copper in bile was much higher than that in plasma; the bile/plasma ratio of copper concentrations was 4.32 +/- 0.46. These data support the idea that copper transport involves a specific uptake and transport system. In chronically copper-loaded rats, hepatic copper content was significantly increased compared with controls, and reaction products for copper were observed in hepatocyte granules by light microscopic examination with p-dimethylaminobenzylidene rhodanine stain. The number of lysosomes in hepatocytes increased and the shape changed. In chronically copper-loaded rats the number of tubular lysosomes was very high. However, other organelles appeared to be normal. In these rats biliary excretion of not only copper but also acid phosphatase, a lysosomal enzyme, was significantly greater than the control. Therefore hepatocyte lysosomes may play an important role in biliary copper excretion. Furthermore, when biliary lysosomal excretion increases, the tubular lysosomes actively participate in this excretion.
Tissue-Engineered Human Vascular Media With a Functional Endothelin System
Authors: Karina Laflamme, Charles J. Roberge, Julie Labonté, Stéphanie Pouliot, Pédro D’Orléans-Juste, François A. Auger, Lucie Germain
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of death and disability in the Western world. Among the various approaches adopted to counteract the morbidity associated with these diseases, surgical procedures and cardiac and vascular xenotransplantations or allotransplantations are routinely performed. The suitable vascular graft would be as close as possible to the native and healthy vessel composed exclusively of human components provided by the patient and would adapt to the donor’s hemodynamics. We have developed such a tissue-engineered human blood vessel reconstructed with human cells. Because endothelin is the most potent vasopressor known to date, we were interested in investigating the functionality of the endothelinergic system in our reconstructed human blood vessel. Methods and Results— Vasoconstriction studies were performed with nonselective and selective agonists and antagonists to demonstrate that ET A receptors were present and functional in tissue-engineered human vascular media constructed with the self-assembly method. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies demonstrated that mRNA of the ET A but not the ET B receptor was present in these human tissue–engineered blood vessels. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the endothelin-converting enzyme, the main enzyme responsible for the formation of the biologically active endothelin peptides, was present and functional in these same bioengineered vascular media. Conclusions— Our results suggest that the media component of our tissue-engineered blood vessel has the potential of controlling vascular resistance via the presence of functional endothelin ET A receptors and endothelin-converting enzyme.
Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: I. Investigation of experimental parameters that influence detection of spontaneous transformation.
Authors: E J Matthews
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The frequency of spontaneous morphological transformation is an important variable in measuring chemical-induced transformation in BALB/c-3T3 clone A-31-1-13 cell cultures. Data from 110 experiments, which included benzo[a]pyrene control groups and other chemical treatment groups, were analyzed for factors that influenced spontaneous transformation. Spontaneous transformants demonstrated a continuum of morphological variants (type I, II, and III foci) that fit a normal distribution if converted to log10. The magnitude of transformation depended on the ampule of cryopreserved cells and the serum lot. Although the average frequency was approximately 0.71 x 10(-6) (type III foci/cell that survived and proliferated to confluence), the absolute number of foci/vessel increased in proportion to the surface area of the culture vessel. Thus, the frequency of spontaneous transformation was directly related to the cumulative number of mitoses that occurred in forming the contact-inhibited monolayer. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that spontaneous transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells is a mutational event or some other single-step phenomenon.
The Impact of US Health System Reform on Medical Education
Authors: Charlene Breedlove
Journal: JAMA (1993)

As reforms in access to and provision of US health care accelerate, medical education faces an era of both fine adjustments and radical change. Changes proposed at national level, as well as those to be implemented at state and local levels, will impact to some degree every component of the existing medical education system. How the proposed elements of this newly engineered system have begun and will continue to alter the education of health professionals will be the focus ofthe journal's 1994 medical education issue. We would especially like to see research papers addressing the educational preparation of those currently delivering and preparing to deliver primary care medical services in the United States. How do medical schools, residency programs, national organizations, federal agencies, and states define the appropriate education for those providing primary care services and how do they determine their scope of practice and assess their competence?
Whither the Pegasus of Public Health?
Authors: Haven Emerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

TWO preoccupations require the attention of anyone responding to the call for such a lecture as the present opportunity demands. Regard for the intellectual and personal contributions of one's predecessors in this thirty-year series will create a proper humility of spirit. A hope to meet the long-ago wishes of the founder of the lectureship should provide the courage or perhaps explain the recklessness of one who presumes that he has a message worthy of such an academic and professional audience.Whereas the original Pegasus of Greek legend seems to have been the only offspring of Neptune and the golden-haired Medusa . . .
Abnormal Subendocardial Perfusion in Cardiac Syndrome X Detected by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jonathan R. Panting, Peter D. Gatehouse, Guang-Zhong Yang, Frank Grothues, David N. Firmin, Peter Collins, Dudley J. Pennell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In cardiac syndrome X (a syndrome characterized by typical angina, abnormal exercise-test results, and normal coronary arteries), conventional investigations have not found that chest pain is due to myocardial ischemia. Magnetic resonance techniques have higher resolution and therefore may be more sensitive.
Evidence against HLA and immunological dependence of disease outbreak in SLE. Immunological characterisation of identical twins clinically discordant for SLE.
Authors: E Soppi, J Eskola, A Lehtonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Identical female twins clinically discordant for 20 years for SLE were studied. Their HLA-haplotype was A1,28; B8w6,w35; Cw3,w7; Dr3,4. Both twins had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, autoantibodies, and circulating immune complexes. The diseases sibling had a reversed OKT4/OKT8 ratio (0.43), decreased helper T cell number, defective pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced plasma cell differentiation, and overactive hydrocortisone sensitive suppressor cells. Immunological abnormalities may be only partly HLA related (B8; Dr3), but are most probably secondary to the disease process in the sibling with SLE. Exogenous and/or endogenous factor(s) other than genetic or immunological are suggested as being operative in the predisposition to and expression of SLE.
When should antiretroviral therapy for HIV be started?
Authors: Andrew N Phillips, Brian G Gazzard, Nathan Clumeck, Marcelo H Losso, Jens D Lundgren
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Treatments for HIV have advanced rapidly over the past decade. <b>Andrew Phillips</b><b>and colleagues</b> argue that we should re-evaluate the timing of treatment in the light of new knowledge
Cationic lipid and polymer-based gene delivery to human pancreatic islets
Authors: Ram I Mahato, James Henry, Ajit S Narang, Omaima Sabek, Daniel Fraga, Malak Kotb, A.Osama Gaber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Transplantation of pancreatic islets has great potential for treating Type I diabetes. Ex vivo gene therapy may promote re-vascularization or inhibit apoptosis of the islets and promote graft. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of non-viral gene delivery using Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) and human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (hVEGF165) expression plasmids as model reporter and therapeutic genes. LipofectAMINE/pDNA and Superfect/pDNA complexes showed high transfection efficiency in rapidly dividing Jurkat cells, but low transfection in non-dividing human islets. LipofectAMINE/pCAGGS-hVEGF transfected islets showed relatively higher levels of hVEGF than in those transfected with LipofectAMINE/pCMS-EGFP complexes or 5% glucose. To exclude endogenously secreted hVEGF, real time RT-PCR experiment was repeated using pCAGGS vector-specific forward primer and hVEGF gene-specific reverse primer. In this case, both non-transfected islets and the islets transfected with LipofectAMINE/pCMS-EGFP complexes showed negligible amplification of hVEGF. On glucose challenge, insulin release from LipofectAMINE/pCAGGS-hVEGF transfected human islets increased from 10.78 ± 4.56 to 65 ± 5 ng/ml, suggesting little adverse effect on islet β cell response to glucose challenge. The low transfection efficiency is due to the islets being a cluster of approximately 1000 non-dividing cells. This underscores the importance of experimentation with the actual human islets.
Cost effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: findings of the randomised UK alcohol treatment trial (UKATT)
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the cost effectiveness of social behaviour and network therapy, a new treatment for alcohol problems, with that of the proved motivational enhancement therapy. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> Seven treatment sites around Birmingham, Cardiff, and Leeds. <b>Participants</b> 742 clients with alcohol problems; 617 (83.2%) were interviewed at 12 months and full economic data were obtained on 608 (98.5% of 617). <b>Main economic measures</b> Quality adjusted life years (QALYs), costs of trial treatments, and consequences for public sector resources (health care, other alcohol treatment, social services, and criminal justice services). <b>Results</b> Both therapies saved about five times as much in expenditure on health, social, and criminal justice services as they cost. Neither net savings nor cost effectiveness differed significantly between the therapies, despite the average cost of social behaviour and network therapy (£221; $385; €320) being significantly more than that of motivational enhancement therapy (£129). If a QALY were worth £30 000, then the motivational therapy would have 58% chance of being more cost effective than the social therapy, and the social therapy would have 42% chance of being more cost effective than the motivational therapy. <b>Conclusion</b> Participants reported highly significant reductions in drinking and associated problems and costs. The novel social behaviour and network therapy did not differ significantly in cost effectiveness from the proved motivational enhancement therapy.
Antibiotics in feed still ok
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Does the addition of antibiotics in subtherapeutic amounts to animal feed as a method of promoting growth pose a threat to public health?  Or does clinical use of antibiotics without specific indications pose the real threat—that of inadvertently creating dangerous resistant strains of bacteria?  The battle lines in this debate have been drawn clearly for years. On the one hand, meat and chemical producers point to physicians as the culprits in their overuse of antibiotics. For their part, clinicians say farmers threaten human health in pursuit of profit.  The Food and Drug Administration, the World Health Organization, and the Office of Technology Assessment as well as many independent researchers all have called for severe restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal feed.  Says Don B. Clewell, PhD, of the Department of Oral Biology and Microbiology at the University of Michigan, Any subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feed creates
Thomas's Operation for Benign Tumours of the Female Breast
Authors: A. Jamieson
Journal: BMJ (1893)

scars.beinig situated almost entirely in the papillary layer, and beyowd transitory staining inivolution is usually tlorougrhi aiid comliplete.In the most lighlly developed lesions a pseudo- papillary formilationl occurs, and one of the first casets of bromidle rashi on1 record is reported by Beigel as La case of papillomna of the skin.IODIDE EnupPrIONs.The first case to whiiel I will call attention is a fine illus- tration of wlhat is generally called the bullous iodide eruption, but this is not quite correct, as I slhall presently sliow.'Tlhe patient was a man aged 30, a painter, under my colleague
Hormone replacement therapy induced chorea.
Authors: M J Steiger, N P Quinn
Journal: BMJ (1991)

far the most important risk factor for suicide,5 so one possible explanation for these findings would be a regional variation in the incidence of mental illness, particularly among men.Alternatively, the explanation could be sociological, although the factor(s) involved will differ from those associated with inner city deprivation.Certainly, the conventional view of the rural idyll in the Scottish highlands-of contentment and freedom from stress-does not seem to be borne out.
Performance of 45 Laboratories Participating in a Proficiency Testing Program for Lyme Disease Serology
Authors: Lori L. Bakken
Journal: JAMA (1992)

We show that significant interlaboratory and intralaboratory variations exist in Lyme disease proficiency testing.Six case-defined Lyme serum samples and three serum samples from individuals with no history of Lyme disease were randomized in four shipments and distributed to 45 participating laboratories.Interlaboratory and intralaboratory performances were highly variable. Approximately 4% to 21% of laboratories failed to identify correctly positive serum samples with titers of 512 or more using polyvalent serum or immunoglobulin G conjugates. With lower levels of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in the serum sample, approximately 55% of participating laboratories did not identify a case-defined serum. There was also a striking inability of many laboratories to reproduce their results on split samples from the same individual. In addition, 2% to 7% of laboratories identified serum samples from individuals with no known exposure to B burgdorferi as positive using polyvalent serum. The false positivity rate increased to 27% with the use of immunoglobulin G conjugate.Our results indicate that there is an urgent need for standardization of current testing methodologies. Until a national commitment is made, serological testing for Lyme disease will be of questionable value for the diagnosis of the disease.
Active `juvenile' cirrhosis considered as part of a systemic disease and the effect of corticosteroid therapy
Authors: A. E. Read, S. Sherlock, C. V. Harrison
Journal: Gut (1963)

This is a clinical study of 81 patients (32 male and 49 female), who are not alcoholics, with jaundice of hepato-cellular type lasting longer than three months. Forty-nine of these patients were under 21 years of age. The natural history of the condition and the response to corticosteroid therapy is described; good symptomatic relief can be achieved with corticosteroids but they do not seem to prolong life. The aetiology is discussed with special reference to the relationship to viral hepatitis, to systemic lupus erythematosus, and to other disturbances of immunity.
Continuing Challenges of Sepsis Research
Authors: Mark A. Crowther
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current diabetes services in England need to be reorganised
Authors: A. R. Scott, J. Ferraby, S. Beveridge, L. Reid, J. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rayman and Kilvert make some important points about diabetes care in England.1 The NHS “reforms” will probably exaggerate the divide between hospital and primary care services unless commissioners and specialists work collaboratively. NHS Sheffield ring fenced money spent on diabetes outpatient services. By working with commissioners and primary care, the hospital diabetes team has discharged nearly 3000 people …
THE APPENDIX IN RELATION TO, OR AS THE CAUSE OF, OTHER ABDOMINAL DISEASES
Authors: CHARLES H. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In a consideration of the progress of medicine during the last four decades and the periods during which certain diseases, such as appendicitis, have been discussed, credit should first be given Reginald Fitz for his masterful paper of 1886 on appendicitis, which clarified the subject for the medical profession the world over. After a number of years, during which the subject was discussed and various methods of palliation, treatment and operation were adopted, the mortality was greatly reduced and the safety of interval operations was recognized. During this period, nearly all medical journals considered some phase of appendicitis in all their issues and then for a like period there was a dearth of interest and of articles on the appendix, and the discussion of the subject seemed to be finished. Statements are made that the mortality rate today is higher than in 1910, and the journals are again publishing articles
A Case of Primary Pericardial Mesothelioma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fumitoshi Aga, Yuka Yamamoto, Takashi Norikane, Yoshihiro Nishiyama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare malignancy. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with fever and fatigue. She had no apparent history of occupational or incidental exposure to asbestos. A postcontrast-enhanced chest CT revealed a 77 × 56-mm mass lesion in the pericardium. The FDG PET/CT was carried out, which demonstrated an intense FDG uptake to a main pericardial tumor and disseminated lesions in the pericardium. Histologic examination confirmed the primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma.
Managing osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Jan M Bjordal, Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren, Atle Klovning, Lars Slørdal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Developing primary palliative care Continuity of care is paramount but needs to be tailored individuallyEditor-Riley suggests that completion of a form detailing palliative care management should be mandatory for general practitioners. 1 I have spent a great deal of time promoting palliative medicine in primary care, with variable success.Much depends on the individual practitioner's experience and interest, which probably accounts for the variable success of handover forms to communicate with out of hours services.Making this a compulsory part of general practice might bring all practice to the same level.But the initial answer to the question, "Would I be surprised if my patient died in the next 12 months?"would then make the difference.Cynical practitioners would probably answer no for nearly all of their patients, for the longer you practise the less often you are surprised.But, in truth, for many patients in general practice the answer to this question would be no: many elderly patients who live in nursing or residential homes, nearly all patients with chronic disease, including heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disease, and so on.The workload in handing these patients over to the out of hours service would be huge, more so for the out of hours service than the individual practice.Continuity of care for patients who most need it is paramount, including all those with chronic disease.However, more sophisticated systems are needed to meet patient needs: perhaps different systems for different diseases, possibly different systems for each stage of a disease.Whatever the system, it must meet the needs of the individual patient.This entails dialogue between primary care (including out of hours), secondary care, and tertiary care to thrash out the detail.
King's Fund reply to Gauld and colleagues
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To describe clinical issues related to bone health in patients with celiac disease (CD) and to provide guidance on monitoring bone health in these patients. <h3>Sources of information</h3> A PubMed search was conducted to review literature relevant to CD and bone health, including guidelines published by professional gastroenterological organizations. <h3>Main message</h3> Bone health can be negatively affected in both adults and children with CD owing to the inflammatory process and malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D. Most adults with symptomatic CD at diagnosis have low bone mass. Bone mineral density should be tested at diagnosis and at follow-up, especially in adult patients. Vitamin D levels should be measured at diagnosis and annually until they are normal. In addition to a strict gluten-free diet, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D should be provided and weight-bearing exercises encouraged. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Bone health can be adversely affected in patients with CD. These patients require adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation, as well as monitoring of vitamin D levels and bone mineral density with regular follow-up to help prevent osteoporosis and fractures.
1008-14 Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left-sided Accessory Pathways: Selection of Coronary Sinus as the Primary Approach
Authors: Irakli Giorgberidze, Ryszard B. Krol, Atul Prakash, Philip Mathew, Sanjeev Saksena.
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)