tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subtype Specific Regulation of Human Vascular α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptors by Vessel Bed and Age
Authors: Xiaowen L. Rudner, Dan E. Berkowitz, John V. Booth, Bonita L. Funk, Kelli L. Cozart, Elizabeth B. D’Amico, Habib El-Moalem, Stella O. Page, Charlene D. Richardson, Bradford Winters, Leo Marucci, Debra A. Schwinn
Journal: Circulation (1999)

alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)ARs) regulate blood pressure, regional vascular resistance, and venous capacitance; the exact subtype (alpha(1a), alpha(1b), alpha(1 d)) mediating these effects is unknown and varies with species studied. In order to understand mechanisms underlying cardiovascular responses to acute stress and chronic catecholamine exposure (as seen with aging), we tested two hypotheses: (1) human alpha(1)AR subtype expression differs with vascular bed, and (2) age influences human vascular alpha(1)AR subtype expression.Five hundred vessels from 384 patients were examined for alpha(1)AR subtype distribution at mRNA and protein levels (RNase protection assays, ligand binding, contraction assays). Overall vessel alpha(1)AR density is 16+/-2.3fmol/mg total protein. alpha(1a)AR predominates in arteries at mRNA (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.05) levels; all 3 subtypes are present in veins. Furthermore, alpha(1)AR mRNA subtype expression varies with vessel bed (alpha(1a) higher in splanchnic versus central arteries, P<0.05); competition analysis (selected vessels) and functional assays demonstrate alpha(1a) and alpha(1b)-mediated mammary artery contraction. Overall alpha(1)AR expression doubles with age (<55 versus > or = 65 years) in mammary artery (no change in saphenous vein), accompanied by increased alpha(1b)>alpha(1a) expression (P< = 0.001).Human vascular alpha(1)AR subtype distribution differs from animal models, varies with vessel bed, correlates with contraction in mammary artery, and is modulated by aging. These findings provide potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention in many clinical settings.
P1090 VIROLOGICAL PROFILES OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)-INFECTED AFRICAN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TENOFOVIR
Authors: H.F. Njai, A. Ceesay, N. Bazyid, G. Ndow, Y. Shimakawa, M. Taal, T. Corrah, U. Dalessandro, M. Lemoine, M. Mendy, M. Thursz, I. Chemin, R. Njie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Lithium inhibition of bone mineralization and osteoid formation.
Authors: D T Baran, M P Schwartz, M A Bergfeld, S L Teitelbaum, E Slatopolsky, L V Avioli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Lithium chloride administration to growing rats, which resulted in circulating lithium levels of 1.4 meq/liter, was attended by significant suppression of bone mineralization and organic matrix synthesis as assessed by tetracycline labeling and histological quantitation of osteoid, respectively. These effects of lithium were not associated with changes in animal behavior, nor were there any significant differences in blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, pH, or parathyroid hormone. The data suggest that lithium inhibition of bone mineralization is secondary to suppression of osteoid formation.
BMA calls for repeal of "intensely damaging" health act
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The BMA has renewed its call for the Health and Social Care Act 2012 to be repealed, saying that the changes imposed on the NHS in England were needless and expensive and have failed to deliver any improvements for patients.

A year after the act was introduced the BMA has questioned whether it is working. It is also calling on doctors to report their experiences of the changes brought by the act and asking them what more needs to be done to allow them to deliver optimal care to patients.

The campaign follows pressure from some doctors, who have been calling for a national strategy to repeal the act since it was passed in March 2012.1 2 Implementing the changes …
Time to stop sniffing the air: snapshot survey
Authors: Chris Johnson, Neville W Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To determine whether the phrase "sniffing the morning air" is useful in positioning patients for tracheal intubation.Snapshot survey.Teaching hospital.21 anaesthetists.Angles of neck, line of sight, and hip to shoulder, as measured on a photograph.Angles ranged widely, especially line of sight: 7 degrees -37 degrees with horizontal.As patients are positioned supine, rather than standing, the phrase is unhelpful; an explicit description of head position would be better.
Placenta Previa Accreta
Authors: W. L. G. Quinlivan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

PLACENTA PREVIA ACCRETA may be defined as the morbid adherence of a placenta situated in the lower segment of the uterus. Placenta increta and placenta percreta refer to invasion of the myometrium, or the myometrium and peritoneum, respectively. The invasive process may involve all or part of the placental surface. The name placenta previa accreta was first given to this condition by Shotton and Taylor,<sup>1</sup>who described a case in 1944. Since 1896, 47 cases have been reported in the literature.<sup>2,3</sup> <h3>Incidence</h3> The reported incidence of placenta previa alone varies from 0.3 per cent to 0.8 per cent. At the University of California Hospital, San Francisco, 41 cases were reported in 13,074 deliveries from 1949 to 1959, giving an incidence of 0.31 per cent. Greenhill<sup>4</sup>reported 325 cases in 40,061 deliveries at the Chicago Lying-In Hospital, giving an incidence of 0.79 per cent. Kerr<sup>5</sup>reports an
Nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter.
Authors: R K Goyal, S Rattan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter in the anesthetized opossum. Sphincter relaxation with electrical stimulation of the vagus was not antagonized by atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or by catechloamine depletion with reserpine. A combination of atropine and propranolol was also ineffective, suggesting that the vagal inhibitory influences may be mediated by the noncholinergic, nonadrenergic neurons. To determine whether a synaptic link with nicotinic transmission was present, we investigated the effect of hexamethonium on vagal-stimulated lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Hexamethonium in doses that completely antagonized the sphincter relaxation in response to a ganglionic stimulant, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), did not block the sphincter relaxation in response to vagal stimulation at 10 pulses per second, and optimal frequency of stimulation. A combination of hexamethonium and catecholamine depletion was also ineffective, but hexamethonium plus atropine markedly antagonized sphincter relaxation (P less than 0.001). Moreover, 4-(m-chlorophenyl carbamoyloxy)-2-butyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343), a muscarinic ganglionic stimulant, also caused relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. We suggest from these results that: (a) pthe vagal inhibitory pathway to the sphincter consists of preganglionic fibers which synapse with postganglionic neurons: (b) the synaptic transmission is predominantly cholinergic and utilizes nicotinic as well as muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron, and; (c) postganglionic neurons exert their influence on the sphincter by an unidentified inhibitory transmitter that is neither adrenergic nor cholinergic.
F-18 FDG PET/CT as a Crucial Guide Toward Optimal Treatment Planning in a Case of Postirradiation Sarcoma 10 Years After Primary Bone Lymphoma of the Pelvis
Authors: Jacky W. J. de Rooy, Thomas Hambrock, Dennis Vriens, Uta E. Flucke, Ingrid C. van der Geest, Addy C. van de Luijtgaarden, Bart W. B. Schreuder, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Ten years after chemoradiation for primary lymphoma of the left pelvic bone, a 38-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of gradually increasing pain in his left upper leg and thigh. Initial radiographs and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with recurrent lymphoma, infection, or postirradiation sarcoma. Subsequent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated a focal area of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-avidity within the previously irradiated bone consistent with tumor and the location was confirmed by advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques and histopathology, thus optimizing treatment planning.
Abstract ES05-1: Global trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: PL Porter
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although breast cancer remains a disease most prominent in affluent countries, there is clear evidence that the risk of breast cancer, and most troubling, the risk of death from breast cancer is now a global concern. Data from global databases show incidence rates of breast cancer increasing in virtually all geographical regions since 1973. There are over 1 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide each year, and forty five percent of those cases occur in the less developed countries. Virtually all emerging countries are faced with the challenge of detecting, registering and treating a disease that in the past was considered too infrequent or too low on the list of deadly threats to waste precious health dollars. The presentation will address global and regional trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality as well as reasons for disparities in mortality and strategies to alter current trends. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES05-1.
Health Maintenance Organizations
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is one of eight special issues in<i>The Milbank Readers</i>series edited by John B. McKinlay dealing with policy-relevant research on health. The volumes are based on a compilation of articles that have been previously published in the<i>Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly</i>and other Milbank sources on the topics represented in the series. <i>Milbank Reader</i>5 deals with the development, choice, and performance of health maintenance organizations (HMOs). This reader, like the others in the series, is intended to "help teachers, researchers, policymakers, public administrators, and especially students to... gain easy and economical access to the rich resources contained in the Milbank Memorial Fund publications" on the topic. The universe from which the articles included in the volumes are drawn (Milbank sources), then, is limited. Some important themes related to the topic may not be represented. Also, since the series basically reprints previously published material, the most current
Hierarchical Interactions of Control Elements Determine CD8α Gene Expression in Subsets of Thymocytes and Peripheral T Cells
Authors: Arnd Hostert, Anna Garefalaki, Georgia Mavria, Mauro Tolaini, Kathleen Roderick, Trisha Norton, P.Joseph Mee, Victor L.J Tybulewicz, Mark Coles, Dimitris Kioussis
Journal: Immunity (1998)
The histological lateral border of acute canine myocardial infarction. A function of microcirculation.
Authors: S M Factor, E M Okun, E S Kirk
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Studies from this laboratory have shown that the border of a 24-hour canine infarct is histologically sharp and is composed of numerous interdigitating peninsulas of necrotic and normal tissue. To see if this sharp boundary is spatially related to the capillary beds of occluded and non-occluded arteries, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in five mongrel dogs. Twenty-four hours later, white silicone rubber (Microfil) was injected into the LAD distal to the ligature; simultaneously and under the same pressure, red Microfil was injected into the left main coronary artery (LMCA). In hematoxylin and eosin sections from the border of the infarct, capillaries supplied by the LAD (white) were either in areas of necrosis, in normal epicardium or, rarely, in normal tissue along the lateral boundary; those supplied by the LMCA (red) were almost always in normal regions. Quantitative evaluation of this relationship revealed that the majority of the vessels in the normal and necrotic tissue were concordant (i.e., that normal tissue was supplied by the LMCA, and necrotic tissue by the LAD). However, a small zone of vascular discordance, averaging approximately 30 micrometers in width, was present along the infarct boundary, possibly representing a narrow border zone of little consequence. Hence, the complex interdigitation of normal and necrotic tissue in the lateral border of an infarct is predominantly a function of the interdigitation of the capillary beds supplied by the occluded and nonoccluded arteries.
Copper kinetics in liver disease
Authors: R. A. Smallwood, B. McIlveen, V. M. Rosenoer, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1971)

The plasma clearance and the liver uptake of intravenously administered <sup>64</sup>Cu were significantly impaired in four patients with Wilson9s disease. These defects were unlikely to be simply expressions of the high liver copper concentration as the plasma clearance and hepatic uptake of <sup>64</sup>Cu were normal in four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in whom the liver copper concentration was raised to a degree comparable to that in Wilson9s disease. The normal liver uptake and plasma clearance of <sup>64</sup>Cu in three patients with other forms of hepatocellular disease suggest that impaired liver cell function does not have a significant effect. The precise nature of the defect in copper transport in Wilson9s disease remains to be elucidated; it is possible that delayed uptake of copper by the hepatic lysosomes may account for the toxic effects of the metal.
Passive transfer of the idiotypically suppressed state by serum from suppressed mice and transfer of suppression from mothers to offspring.
Authors: T F Kresina, A Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Mice that are suppressed with respect to an idiotype (CRIA) present in A/J anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies, hyperimmunized, and allowed to rest were previously found to possess high concentrations of suppressor T cells with anti-idiotypic receptors. We have now observed that the sera of such mice contain soluble factors that can selectively suppress the CRIA component of a humoral response when passively transferred to adult or neonatal recipients. When T cells from suppressed, hyperimmunized mice were transferred into female mice before mating, their offspring, upon immunization, produced anti-Ar antibodies that lacked CRIA. A state of idiotypic suppression was also produced in offspring when the mother was inoculated with serum from suppressed mice a few days before parturition. The results indicate that the suppressor factor is not an immunoglobulin.
Efficacy and Safety of Taspoglutide Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Type 2 Diabetic Patients After 24 Weeks of Treatment
Authors: Itamar Raz, Vivian Fonseca, Mark Kipnes, Laurence Durrwell, John Hoekstra, Mark Boldrin, Raffaella Balena
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of taspoglutide monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 24-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, 373 patients with type 2 diabetes naive to antihyperglycemic medication were randomized to weekly subcutaneous taspoglutide 10 or 20 mg or placebo. RESULTS HbA1c reductions from baseline were greater with taspoglutide 10 and 20 mg than placebo (least squares mean [SE] changes: –1.01% [0.07], –1.18% [0.06], and –0.09% [0.07], respectively; both P &amp;lt; 0.0001 vs. placebo). Decreases in bodyweight were greater with taspoglutide 10 mg (–1.45 kg [0.32]) and with 20 mg (–2.25 kg [0.30]) than placebo (–1.23 kg [0.31]; P = 0.61 and P = 0.02 for taspoglutide 10 and 20 mg vs. placebo, respectively). Gastrointestinal adverse events and injection site reactions were more common with taspoglutide than placebo. CONCLUSIONS In drug-naive patients, once-weekly taspoglutide improved glycemic control, reduced body weight, and was generally well tolerated.
Comprehensive genomic profiling identifies a novel TNKS2–PDGFRA fusion that defines a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia that responded dramatically to imatinib therapy
Authors: Z R Chalmers, S M Ali, R S Ohgami, P V Campregher, G M Frampton, R Yelensky, J A Elvin, N A Palma, R Erlich, J-A Vergilio, J Chmielecki, J S Ross, P J Stephens, R Hermann, V A Miller, C R Miles
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Author(s): Chalmers, ZR; Ali, SM; Ohgami, RS; Campregher, PV; Frampton, GM; Yelensky, R; Elvin, JA; Palma, NA; Erlich, R; Vergilio, J-A; Chmielecki, J; Ross, JS; Stephens, PJ; Hermann, R; Miller, VA; Miles, CR
Polymorphism of propafenone metabolism and disposition in man: clinical and pharmacokinetic consequences.
Authors: L A Siddoway, K A Thompson, C B McAllister, T Wang, G R Wilkinson, D M Roden, R L Woosley
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The relationship between debrisoquine metabolic phenotype and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propafenone was studied in 28 patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias (22 extensive metabolizers [EMs] and six poor metabolizers [PMs] of debrisoquine). EMs were characterized by a shorter propafenone elimination half-life (5.5 +/- 2.1 vs 17.2 +/- 8.0, p less than .001), lower average plasma concentration (Cp) (1.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml/mg daily dosage, p less than .001), and higher oral clearance (1115 +/- 1238 vs 264 +/- 48 ml/min, p less than .001). The active metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone, assayed in 12 patients, was identified in nine of 10 EMs but in neither of the PMs. A lower incidence of central nervous system side effects was noted in EMs (14% vs 67%, p less than .01). The magnitude of QRS widening at any given propafenone Cp was greater in EMs than PMs. There was no significant difference between EMs and PMs in effective propafenone dose or frequency of antiarrhythmic response. Inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation by propafenone was demonstrated both in vivo and in a human liver microsomal system in vitro. We conclude that propafenone is metabolized via the same cytochrome P-450 responsible for debrisoquine's 4-hydroxylation, and that its pharmacokinetics and concentration-response relationships and the incidence of central nervous system side effects are different in patients of different debrisoquine metabolic phenotype.
Modern Topics in Nutrition
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Studies undertaken to evaluate what medical students and physicians know about nutrition reveal that both have a reasonable comprehension of the biochemistry of digestion, absorption, and metabolism but no real awareness of the food sources of nutrients. The translation of the science of nutrition into practical answers to a patient's questions is weak. The medical profession is often criticized for not taking the leadership in helping to resolve individual and community nutritional problems. If the above-mentioned findings are correct, it is not difficult to understand why the profession is reluctant to become involved in such problems. Means must be found to communicate the necessary information to the physician and motivate him to utilize it in his practice. The American Medical Association, with help from a number of other agencies interested in nutrition, recently organized a conference to explore general guidelines for improving the teaching of nutrition. Reacting to evidence that
Link Between Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiological Study of Chinese Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Tong-Yuan Tai, Lee-Ming Chuang, Chien-Jen Chen, Boniface J Lin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To elucidate the relationship between hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Research Design and Methods The study consisted of a random sample of adults aged ≥ 40 yr from the Ta-An district of Taipei City and 5 of 12 villages of Taiwan province, which had established primary health-care centers since 1984. A total of 11,478 subjects were recruited into the survey with a response rate of 65.3 and 72%, respectively. Blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured, and a structured questionnaire was given to each participant. Those identified as having diabetes received further blood tests for lipids and creatinine and were evaluated for vascular complications. Results The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among diabetic subjects was twice that of nondiabetic subjects (30.6 vs. 16.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.0005). Hypertensive subjects had a higher prevalence of diabetes than normotensive subjects (10.2 vs. 4.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.0005). Among hypertensive subjects, the prevalence of diabetes was 12.7% for those taking antihypertensive drugs and 9.1% for those not taking any drug (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes significantly increased as mean arterial pressure rose, whether the subjects were stratified by various factors. Multiple regression analysis, including sex, age, body mass index, and other risk factors as independent variables, also showed a significant association between diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that there seemed to be a tight link between hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Family history of diabetes, diabetes duration, diabetes regimen, control of blood glucose, and the presence of nephropathy, as attested by proteinuria, did not contribute to the risk of hypertension. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these two conditions are causally related.
Ascitic Fluid in Veno-Occlusive Disease of the Liver
Authors: ROBERT M. CRAIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1977Ascitic Fluid in Veno-Occlusive Disease of the LiverROBERT M. CRAIG, M.D.ROBERT M. CRAIG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-2-246_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was surprised to read that both patients described by Griner, Elbadawi, and Packman (1) who had veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy of acute leukemia also had a low protein ascites ("characteristics of a transudate"). What were the ascitic fluid albumin, protein, and LDH values and the ascitic fluid to plasma ratios of these proteins? In veno-occlusive disease of the liver, I should expect a high protein ascites, with exuding of high protein lymph from the hepatic surface, a phenomenon well characterized by Witte and associates (2)....References1. GRINERELBADAWIPACKMAN PAC: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Report of two cases. Ann Intern Med 85:578-582, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WITTECHUNGWITTESTERLECOLE CYMOW: Observations on the origin of ascites from experimental extrahepatic portal congestion Ann Surg 170:1002-1015, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. WITTECHUNGWITTESTERLECOLE CYMOW: Observations on the origin of ascites from experimental extrahepatic portal congestion. Ann Surg 170:1002-1015, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STUARTBRAS KG: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver. Q J Med 103:291-315, 1957 Google Scholar3. SELZERPARKER GR: Senecio poisoning exhibiting as Chiari's syndrome. A report of 12 cases. Am J Pathol 27:885-907, 1951 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1977Volume 87, Issue 2Page: 246-247KeywordsAlbuminsAscitesBlood plasmaChemotherapyLactate dehydrogenaseLiver diseasesLymphMembrane proteinsPlasma proteinsProteins Issue Published: 1 August 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...