tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for prostate cancer may not reduce mortality
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Screening tests using prostate specific antigen (PSA), with or without digital rectal examination, can increase the detection of cancer, even at early stages of the disease. However, they do not necessarily prolong survival. This is the conclusion of a study published this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine (2006;166:38-43).

John Concato and his team of 12 investigators identified 501 patients out of 71 661 patients at 10 Veterans Affairs medical centres in New England who were given a diagnosis of …
The Association Between Plaque Characterization by CT Angiography and Post-Procedural Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Elective Stent Implantation
Authors: Tadayuki Uetani, Tetsuya Amano, Ayako Kunimura, Soichiro Kumagai, Hirohiko Ando, Kiminobu Yokoi, Tomohiro Yoshida, Bunichi Kato, Masataka Kato, Nobuyuki Marui, Michio Nanki, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Hideki Ishii, Hideo Izawa, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
The Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Macrophage Activation on the In Vivo Clearance of Sensitized Erythrocytes
Authors: John P. Atkinson, Michael M. Frank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The clearance of 51Cr-labeled guinea pig erythrocytes, sensitized with a known amount of IgM or IgG antibody, was examined in normal and BCG-infected guinea pigs. In normal animals, IgM-coated cells were rapidly sequestered in the liver. Most of these cells were then slowly released into the circulation where they survived normally as Coombs-positive erythrocytes. Neither the site nor extent of initial clearance showed major alterations in BCG-infected animals; however, there was no return of the sequestered erythrocytes into the circulation. This pattern of clearance was only seen in normals at very high levels of sensitization. In contrast to the IgM studies, the pattern of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes was not altered, but the rate and magnitude was markedly increased at all levels of sensitization. In addition, complement-independent clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes was augmented in BCG-infected guinea pigs lacking classical complement pathway function. The spleen remained the organ primarily responsible for this increased clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes. Sensitized cells in BCG-infected animals were removed from the circulation as if they were coated with several times the amount of antibody. Serum factors were shown not to be responsible for the increased clearance. These data suggest that increased macrophage activation in BCG-infected animals plays a critical role in determining the consequences of cell sensitization in vivo. These studies may help to explain exacerbations of hemolytic anemias and related states after intercurrent infections.
Dynamic systems and the evolution of language
Authors: Lakshmi J. Gogate
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Locke &amp; Bogin (L&amp;B) suggest that theoretical principles of ontogenetic development apply to language evolution. If this is the case, then evolutionary theory should utilize epigenetic theories of development to theorize, model, and elucidate the evolution of language wherever possible. In this commentary, I evoke principles of dynamic systems theory to evaluate the evolutionary phenomena presented in the target article.
Huge numbers must change lifestyle to prevent epidemic of diabetes
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The cost of preventing and treating diabetes and related chronic diseases may be high, but the cost of neglecting them will be vastly higher. That was the judgment of a two day meeting held last week in Oxford's Magdalen College. But more impressive than this predictable conclusion was the determination of participants to act on it. So too was their optimism.

Oxford Vision 2020 is a collaboration between the university, the World Health Organization, the Institute for Advanced Futures, a non-profit research and educational organisation, and the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk. Lars Rebien S⊘rensen, the president …
Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating pigs with acute liver failure: A randomised study
Authors: Ning Zhou, Jianzhou Li, Yimin Zhang, Juan Lu, Ermei Chen, Weibo Du, Jie Wang, Xiaoping Pan, Danhua Zhu, Ying Yang, Yu Chen, Hongcui Cao, Lanjuan Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Evaluation of Cerebral Perfusion Reserve Using 5% C02 and SPECT Neuroperfusion Imaging
Authors: D L Bushnell, S Gupta, W E Barnes, F Litooy, M Niemiro, G Steffen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Anatomic features of carotid artery stenosis, as defined angiographically, do not necessarily correlate with the hemodynamic significance of the narrowing. The concept of regional cerebral vasodilatory (or perfusion) reserve has been advocated as a means of defining the hemodynamic compromise associated with carotid lesions. We evaluated the feasibility of using SPECT imaging with 5% CO2 using I-123 IMP (N-isopropyl iodoamphetamine) or Tc-99m HMPAO (hexamethylpropylene amineoxime) to measure cerebral perfusion reserve. Imaging was performed on six asymptomatic subjects and one patient with a history of transient ischemic attacks but no evidence of carotid artery disease. A perfusion reserve index (PRI) was defined to represent the percent increase in blood flow during 5% CO2 breathing in regions supplied by the middle cerebral artery normalized for injected dose and changes in blood pressure. Significant increases in cerebral perfusion were seen in six of the seven subjects studied while breathing the 5% CO2 (P<0.01). The mean of the PRI values for the seven subjects was 32%, with a range of —5% to 58%. We conclude that SPECT imaging with IMP or HMPAO can be used to quantitatively measure the cerebral perfusion response to 5% CO2
The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul
Authors: Sidney Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Partly as a side effect of the "Decade of the Brain," general readers with an interest in science have been afflicted with a surfeit of books about the brain from writers of curiously varied backgrounds. This one, with its garish title and disjointed assortment of 18 chapters, is by the distinguished codiscoverer of the structure of DNA. Some work is required to tease out of the disorderly text the two main components of the book. One of them, the better, consists of an account of current knowledge and trends of thinking about neural structure and function, with special emphasis on the cortical visual system of the higher mammals. The other component, appearing irrepressibly in bits and pieces throughout the book, as well as in longer passages, consists of a mixture of Crick's zealous and uncritical Newton-or-bust ways of thinking about the relation of consciousness to brain and an insouciant polemic,
Hyperparathyroidism with Nephrolithiasis
Authors: M. Abrams, A. M. Rutenburg, M. F. Lesses, S. L. Gargill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE existence of severe hyperparathyroidism without bone disease has been well established since it was first demonstrated in 1937 by Albright, Sulkowitch and Bloomberg.1 The chief clinical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism in these patients consists of kidney stones or nephrocalcinosis, or both, without roentgenographic abnormalities of the bone or increased amounts of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. In the large series of cases of hyperparathyroidism studied by Albright and his co-workers1 , 2 kidney disease was more common than bone disease. The incidence of renal calculi was likewise high in the Mayo Clinic series reported by Keating and Cook,3 unilateral or bilateral renal . . .
Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs
Authors: Sridhar Mani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters19 February 2008Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy DrugsSridhar Mani, MDSridhar Mani, MDFrom Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to add to the discussion of this timely review conducted by Andersohn and colleagues (1). The review was conducted because of the clinical importance of this subject in the context of unclear effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy (“results on their effectiveness in nonchemotherapy drug–induced agranulocytosis are conflicting” [1]). Approximately 14 years ago, we published a case series on the incidence of nonchemotherapy drug–induced agranulocytosis presenting at 1 hospital (1990–1992). Furthermore, during the analysis period, some patients received colony-stimulating factors, and we estimated the benefit (length of hospital stay and cost-effectiveness) (2).We concluded ...References1. Andersohn F, Konzen C, Garbe E. Systematic review: agranulocytosis induced by nonchemotherapy drugs. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:657-65. [PMID: 17470834] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mani S, Barry M, Concato J. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor therapy in drug-induced agranulocytosis. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:2500-1. [PMID: 7692832] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSystematic Review: Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Frank Andersohn , Christine Konzen , and Edeltraut Garbe Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Frank Andersohn , Christine Konzen , and Edeltraut Garbe Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Chaker Ben Salem , Raoudha Slim , Houssem Hmouda , and Kamel Bouraoui Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Luisa Ibáñez , Xavier Vidal , and Joan-Ramon Laporte Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Sherif B. Mossad Metrics 19 February 2008Volume 148, Issue 4Page: 320KeywordsCase seriesConflicts of interestDrug therapyDrugsFactor analysisNeutropenia ePublished: 19 February 2008 Issue Published: 19 February 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Outbreak investigation of brucellosis in Thassos, Greece, 2008
Authors: I Karagiannis, K Mellou, K Gkolfinopoulou, G Dougas, G Theocharopoulos, D Vourvidis, D Ellinas, M Sotolidou, T Papadimitriou, R Vorou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Abstract 5604: PD-L1 expression identifies a subpopulation of melanoma cells characterized by enhanced invasiveness and aggressiveness
Authors: Davide Brusa, Daniela Massi, Barbara Merelli, Michela Ciano, Valentina Audrito, Sara Serra, Gianna Baroni, Romina Nassini, Daiana Minocci, Laura Cattaneo, Alessandra Carobbio, Silvia Deaglio, Mario Mandala
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors, and at the metastatic stage is an incurable disease. PD-L1 is a transmembrane molecule that can be expressed by melanoma cells and that has been speculated to play role in inducing immunosuppression by interacting with the PD-1 receptor on T cells. The clinical and biological significance of PD-L1 expression in metastatic melanoma remains partially elusive. Methods: PD-L1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using two different antibodies [anti-human B7-H1 monoclonal antibody (clone 5H1) and a rabbit polyclonal AB58810 antibody (Abcam)]. In primary tumors and paired metastases from 83 consecutive melanoma patients treated at a single institution. Protein expression levels were correlated with PD-L1 mRNA, BRAF mutational status and clinical outcome. PD-L1+ and PD-L1- subsets of the A375 cell line were stabilized in vitro and compared using gene expression profiling and functional assays. Results were confirmed in vivo using xenograft models. Results: PD-L1 membrane positivity was detected in 24/83 (19%) of patients. By multivariate analysis, PD-L1 membrane expression (95% CI 1.48-4.67, P&amp;lt; 0.001), age &amp;gt;57 years [CI 95% 1.20-3.71, P&amp;lt; 0.009] and stage M1c (95% CI 1.01-3.38, P&amp;lt; 0.045) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. PD-L1 expression defined a subset of the A375 cell line characterized by a specific genetic profile. PD-L1+ A375 cells also showed a highly invasive phenotype and enhanced ability to grow in vivo using immunocompromised mouse models. Conclusions: PD-L1 may be proposed as a novel prognostic marker in metastatic melanoma. Furthermore, it defines a distinct morpho-phenotypic subset of the disease with a specific genetic signature and a different biological behavior. Future studies will tell whether PD-L1 targeting using blocking monoclonal antibodies alone or in combination with other treatments will provide clinical benefit. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Davide Brusa, Daniela Massi, Barbara Merelli, Michela Ciano, Valentina Audrito, Sara Serra, Gianna Baroni, Romina Nassini, Daiana Minocci, Laura Cattaneo, Alessandra Carobbio, Silvia Deaglio, Mario Mandala. PD-L1 expression identifies a subpopulation of melanoma cells characterized by enhanced invasiveness and aggressiveness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5604. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5604
The ailments of the Lambs
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In the days when children were taught to write essays they were given Charles Lamb to read. It was hoped, I suppose, that his Essays of Elia would impart, by a kind of literary osmosis, a grace, economy, and gentle irony to their prose. Some hope!

Lamb was an amiable man who spent most of his life as a clerk at the East India Company. Although he stuttered, he was a wit. When his office superior accused him of arriving late for work he replied that, to make up for it, he left early.

He lived all his life with his sister, Mary, with whom he wrote the famous Tales from Shakespeare . Their …
Prediction of hip fracture in elderly women.
Authors: C G Miller, R W Porter
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the colour and a tell tale extension of pigment at one edge.As the checklist acknowledges, change in behaviour is the most important fact to emphasise in a public education campaign.But some patients are oblivious to change,' I and their melanoma is diagnosed incidentally by someone else.It is thus important that doctors, paramedics, and the public are exposed to as much visual material depicting melanomas as possible, either on television or in poster form.Those doctors who see patients with malignant melanoma should show the lesions to as many colleagues as possible.
Adult intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymphangioma causing haemoptysis.
Authors: W E Holden, J F Morris, R Antonovic, T H Gill, S Kessler
Journal: Thorax (1987)

We describe a middle aged man with a predominantly intra- pulmonary lymphangioma, which rapidly enlarged and gave rise to persistent haemoptysis of sufficient severity to war- rant surgical resection.Radiographic studies showed impairment of venous drainage in the area of the cyst and suggested a mechanism for haemorrhage into the lesion.Case report
Three Major Challenges: Quality, Cost, and Balance
Authors: Frank J. Jirka
Journal: JAMA (1984)

There is no question that it's more difficult to be a physician today than ever before. That difficulty is going to be compounded many times in the years ahead. You know the litany of problems, challenges, and pressures described from every podium at every medical meeting: the greater need for more care; an increasing number of physicians; interspecialty rivalries; freestanding medical centers; cutbacks in third-party payment, private and public; health maintenance organizations; preferred provider organizations (PPOs); hospital-physician relationships; diagnostic-related groups; fierce competition; changing incentives to give patients more responsibility for the cost of their care; increased patient concern about what is done and what it costs; and on and on. The multitude of problems is overwhelming if we try to face all of them simultaneously. Our only solution is to condense them into three major challenges that are understandable and manageable. Doing so requires changes in attitude. It requires stern
PILAR is a novel modulator of human T-cell expansion
Authors: Eduardo Huarte, Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz, Yolanda C. Nesbeth, Uciane K. Scarlett, Diana G. Martinez, Xavier A. Engle, William F. Rigby, Patricia A. Pioli, Paul M. Guyre, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
Journal: Blood (2008)
Critical assessment of epidemiologic studies on the human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene.
Authors: P J Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

1,3-Butadiene, a major ingredient of synthetic rubber, has been shown to be carcinogenic in two animal species. To assess the possible human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene, a critical review was undertaken of the epidemiologic literature. An early retrospective study of 8017 males employed in tire manufacturing found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms in production workers (standardized mortality ratio, SMR = 560); these workers were exposed to 1,3-butadiene as well as to styrene and possibly to benzene. A recently updated epidemiologic study of 2568 workers at a butadiene manufacturing plant in Texas reported low mortality overall (SMR = 84) but found excess deaths for lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma (SMR = 229). A retrospective study of workers employed at two synthetic rubber plants in Texas found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies in the older of these facilities; the excesses for lymphosarcoma (SMR = 224) and leukemia (SMR = 278) were most significant in wartime workers. A large, recently updated retrospective study of 12,113 workers employed in eight synthetic rubber manufacturing plants in the United States and Canada found excess mortality for lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer in production workers; the SMR for other lymphatic cancers in white production workers was 230, and the SMR for all lymphatic malignancies in black production workers was 507. These updated epidemiologic results strongly suggest an etiologic association between occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and human cancer. It is reasonable, therefore, to conclude that there now exists at least limited evidence for the human carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene.
Bacterial and fungal components in house dust of farm children, Rudolf Steiner school children and reference children – the PARSIFAL Study
Authors: D. Schram, G. Doekes, M. Boeve, J. Douwes, J. Riedler, E. Üblagger, E. von Mutius, J. Budde, G. Pershagen, F. Nyberg, J. Alm, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, M. Waser, B. Brunekreef
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Growing up on a farm and an anthroposophic lifestyle are associated with a lower prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood. It has been suggested that the enhanced exposure to endotoxin is an important protective factor of farm environments. Little is known about exposure to other microbial components on farms and exposure in anthroposophic families. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of bacterial endotoxin, mould β (1,3)‐glucans and fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in house dust of farm children, Steiner school children and reference children. Methods: Mattress and living room dust was collected in the homes of 229 farm children, 122 Steiner children and 60 and 67 of their respective reference children in five European countries. Stable dust was collected as well. All samples were analysed in one central laboratory. Determinants were assessed by questionnaire. Results: Levels of endotoxin, EPS and glucans per gram of house dust in farm homes were 1.2‐ to 3.2‐fold higher than levels in reference homes. For Steiner children, 1.1‐ to 1.6‐fold higher levels were observed compared with their reference children. These differences were consistently found across countries, although mean levels varied considerably. Differences between groups and between countries were also significant after adjustment for home and family characteristics. Conclusion: Farm children are not only consistently exposed to higher levels of endotoxin, but also to higher levels of mould components. Steiner school children may also be exposed to higher levels of microbial agents, but differences with reference children are much less pronounced than for farm children. Further analyses are, however, required to assess the association between exposure to these various microbial agents and allergic and airway diseases in the PARSIFAL population.
P149 Piloting and evaluating post-pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) long-term exercise (LTE) for COPD patients
Authors: S. E. Roberts, G. Kettle, S. Rogers, A. Segal, S. Purcell, G. Fabris, H. Broomfield, M. Calonge-Contreras, J. Billet, L. Restrick, M. Stern
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is evidence that regular exercise profoundly affects both the course and outcome of COPD. While PR is well established for COPD patients limited by breathlessness, there is currently no evidence-base for follow-on LTE, which takes into account expressed desires of patients to continue exercise regularly. This pilot study aimed to evaluate an easily accessible, disease appropriate, regular LTE for COPD patients who complete PR, to confirm that it is realistic and assess whether PR benefits can be sustained. <h3>Methods</h3> Three suitable venues, geographically distributed to maximise access, and two exercise instructors (completed Loughborough Training for Chronic Respiratory Patients) were identified. Patients completing PR were recruited into 1×weekly LTE groups. Outcomes (demographic, disease severity, functional capacity (6 min walk test (6MWT), emotional (Hospital Anxiety and Depression HAD score, CAT and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire CRQ)) were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Patient and carer satisfaction was recorded at 6 and 12 months. Attendance data were monitored throughout. Hospital admissions for 12/12 before and after LTE commenced, continues to be audited. <h3>Results</h3> 60 COPD patients (Mean (SD) age 68.75 (10.31) yrs, FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.27 (0.56) l, 43% male, 22% current smokers, three on LTOT) were referred for LTE June 2010–May 2011. 20/60 (33%) never attended, 14/60 (23%) dropped out within 2 (1–7) months (median (range). 26/60 (43%) continue to exercise, median (range) since starting 5 (1–12) months with 50 (28)%. (Mean (SD) classes attendance. CAT, CRQ, HADS and 6MWT findings are given in the Abstract P149 table 1. Satisfaction surveys indicate high levels of satisfaction with venue, instructor and content. No adverse events occurred during the classes. Direct cost per class (hall hire and instructor) £63. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This pilot demonstrates feasibility of providing community-based LTE groups using instructors trained to exercise people with COPD. Patients who choose to attend LTE have moderate COPD, but high CAT scores indicating important disease impact on daily functioning. Attendance rate was high for a patient group susceptible to exacerbations, possibly reflecting high patient satisfaction. Preliminary findings suggest LTE in group settings promotes maintenance of benefits acquired from PR with further improvement in health-related quality of life (CRQ and CAT).