tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioengineered Implantable Scaffolds as a Tool to Study Stromal-Derived Factors in Metastatic Cancer Models
Authors: Francesca Bersani, Jungwoo Lee, Min Yu, Robert Morris, Rushil Desai, Sridhar Ramaswamy, Mehmet Toner, Daniel A. Haber, Biju Parekkadan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Modeling the hematogenous spread of cancer cells to distant organs poses one of the greatest challenges in the study of human metastasis. Both tumor cell–intrinsic properties as well as interactions with reactive stromal cells contribute to this process, but identification of relevant stromal signals has been hampered by the lack of models allowing characterization of the metastatic niche. Here, we describe an implantable bioengineered scaffold, amenable to in vivo imaging, ex vivo manipulation, and serial transplantation for the continuous study of human metastasis in mice. Orthotopic or systemic inoculation of tagged human cancer cells into the mouse leads to the release of circulating tumor cells into the vasculature, which seed the scaffold, initiating a metastatic tumor focus. Mouse stromal cells can be readily recovered and profiled, revealing differential expression of cytokines, such as IL1β, from tumor-bearing versus unseeded scaffolds. Finally, this platform can be used to test the effect of drugs on suppressing initiation of metastatic lesions. This generalizable model to study cancer metastasis may thus identify key stromal-derived factors with important implications for basic and translational cancer research. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7229–38. ©2014 AACR.
Diagnosis of Traumatic Myositis of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand by the Use of Three-Phase Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: ALAN H. MAURER, ELIZABETH A. PACZOLT, ALLEN R. MYERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of traumatic myositis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand is presented. This is believed to be the first report in which the diagnosis of this type of soft tissue injury was made based upon phases I and II of a threephase bone scan. An incorrect diagnosis of primary skeletal injury could have been made if delayed, 3-4 hour (phase III) imaging alone had been performed because there was augmented uptake of tracer in the normal bone adjacent to the area of soft tissue hyperemia. This report emphasizes the need to perform three-phase scintigraphy to diagnose nonskeletal injury in patients with suspected bone trauma or pain of unknown etiology.
Increased open probability of single cardiac L-type calcium channels of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: role of phosphatase 2A
Authors: Gunnar G. Klein, Frank Schröder, David Vogler, Arnd Schaefer, Axel Haverich, Bernhard Schieffer, Jürgen Tebbenjohanns, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Efficacy of alfa-interferon to prevent chronicity in patients with acute postransfusion non-A non-B hepatitis: A randimized, controlled trial
Authors: L Viladomiu, JI Esteban, A González, JC López-Ta Lavera, C Sánchez, J Quer, I Caragol, JH Hernández, R Esteban, J Guardia, G Kuo, M Houghton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Thromboxane A2 Receptors in Prostate Carcinoma: Expression and Its Role in Regulating Cell Motility via Small GTPase Rho
Authors: Daotai Nie, Yande Guo, Dianer Yang, Yong Tang, Yakun Chen, Man-Tzu Wang, Alex Zacharek, Yan Qiao, Mingxin Che, Kenneth V. Honn
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a prostanoid formed by thromboxane synthase using the cyclooxygenase product prostaglandin H2 as the substrate. Previously, increased expression of thromboxane synthase was found in prostate tumors, and tumor cell motility was attenuated by inhibitors of thromboxane synthase. This study was undertaken to elucidate how tumor motility is regulated by TxA2. Here, we report that human prostate cancer cells express functional receptors for TxA2 (TP). Ligand binding assay found that PC-3 cells binded to SQ29548, a high-affinity TP antagonist, in a saturable manner with Kd of 3.64 nmol/L and Bmax of 120.4 fmol per million cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells by U46619, a TP agonist, induced PC-3 cell contraction, which was blocked by pretreatment with the TP antagonist SQ29548 or pinane TxA2. The migration of prostate cancer cells was significantly inhibited either by sustained activation of TP or by blockade of TP activation, suggesting that TP activation must be tightly controlled during cell migration. Further studies found that small GTPase RhoA was activated by TP activation, and pretreatment of PC-3 cells with Y27632, a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, blocked U46619-induced cell contraction. A dominant-negative mutant of RhoA also blocked U46619-induced cell contraction. Taken together, the data suggest that TPs are expressed in prostate cancer and activation of TPs regulates prostate cancer cell motility and cytoskeleton reorganization through activation of Rho. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):115–21]
Ultrasound screening for hip abnormalities: preliminary findings in 1001 neonates.
Authors: L Berman, L Klenerman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Several studies have documented the failure of neonatal clinical screening to reduce the incidence of hip dislocation later in infancy. In addition, the practice of splinting unstable hips is said to result in the treatment of many infants who would have developed normally if left unsplinted. Ultrasound provides a detailed image of the bony and cartilaginous neonatal hip. The results of conventional testing for hip instability were compared with ultrasound screening in 1001 neonates. As a result of the ultrasonic image 14 of 17 infants with hip instability were not splinted and developed normally. Two babies without detectable clinical signs were shown to have severe hip abnormalities. It is suggested that clinically normal but dysplastic hips do exist and that ultrasound will detect them. In addition, the overtreatment that is current practice might be avoided.
Naturally occurring mutations in the human 5-lipoxygenase gene promoter that modify transcription factor binding and reporter gene transcription.
Authors: K H In, K Asano, D Beier, J Grobholz, P W Finn, E K Silverman, E S Silverman, T Collins, A R Fischer, T P Keith, K Serino, S W Kim, G T De Sanctis, C Yandava, A Pillari, P Rubin, J Kemp, E Israel, W Busse, D Ledford, J J Murray, A Segal, D Tinkleman, J M Drazen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Five lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the first committed enzyme in the metabolic pathway leading to the synthesis of the leukotrienes. We examined genomic DNA isolated from 25 normal subjects and 31 patients with asthma (6 of whom had aspirin-sensitive asthma) for mutations in the known transcription factor binding regions and the protein encoding region of the 5-LO gene. A family of mutations in the G + C-rich transcription factor binding region was identified consisting of the deletion of one, deletion of two, or addition of one zinc finger (Sp1/Egr-1) binding sites in the region 176 to 147 bp upstream from the ATG translation start site where there are normally 5 Sp1 binding motifs in tandem. Reporter gene activity directed by any of the mutant forms of the transcription factor binding region was significantly (P < 0.05) less effective than the activity driven by the wild type transcription factor binding region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated the capacity of wild type and mutant transcription factor binding regions to bind nuclear extracts from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These data are consistent with a family of mutations in the 5-LO gene that can modify reporter gene transcription possibly through differences in Sp1 and Egr-1 transactivation.
High Court again quashes GMC judgment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The High Court last week quashed an “irrational” finding of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council against a professor of dermatology who had raised concerns about possible bias in an appointment to a consultant post.

Professor Pauline Dowd, of the Royal Free and University College Medical School, had been found guilty of misconduct and reprimanded in April 2001, along with Dr Jeffrey Cream, a consultant dermatologist at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London ( BMJ 2001;322:818).

Dr Cream had been due to sit on the selection panel for a new consultant post when Professor Dowd passed on to him …
Intertwinement of stress response regulons in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003
Authors: Aldert Zomer, Douwe van Sinderen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Bifidobacteria constitute an important component of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals. Various bifidobacterial strains are commercially exploited because of their perceived beneficial role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. We have determined the response of B. breve UCC2003, a Gram-positive bacterium originally isolated from the nursling stool of a breast-fed infant, to several stresses (heat, osmotic, solvent) using transcriptomics, classical techniques and in silico analysis, as well as the transcriptional response of B. breve UCC2003 to oxidative stresses caused by the exposure to diamide, peroxide and environmental oxygen. Integration of these results allowed the formulation of a model for an interacting regulatory network for stress response in B. breve UCC2003, where HspR controls SOS response and the ClgR regulon, which in turn regulates and is regulated by HrcA. This model of an interacting regulatory network is believed to represent the paradigm for stress adaptation in bifidobacteria.
Rules of conscience
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

How often this week have we heard the phrase “but I was only following the rules” as details of MPs’ expense claims were splashed across the media? They may have been following the rules but we expected something better: that they would follow their consciences.

Just obeying the rules has long been insufficient for doctors. The judges at Nuremberg made clear that obeying commands from superiors didn’t remove personal accountability. Doctors couldn’t deviate from their ethical obligations even if a country’s laws allowed or demanded otherwise. The World Medical Association is meeting as I write. Its most noteworthy contribution has been the drafting …
Capillary deposition of C4d complement fragment: A new diagnostic tool for humoral rejection in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Thomas M. Behr, Klaus Richter, Petra Fischer, Christoph H. Spes, Bruno Meiser, Dieter Pongratz, Helmut Feucht, Karl Theisen, Christiane E. Angemann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A collagenolytic system produced by primary cultures of rheumatoid nodule tissue
Authors: Edward D. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

A collagenase and a neutral protease have been insolated and characterized from primary cultures obtained from rheumatoid subcutaneous nodules. Release of both active enzymes was maximal between the 3rd and 7th days of culture and was stimulated by the presence of small amounts of colchicine (0.1 mug/ml) added to the culture medium. Both the protease and the collagenase from nodule tissue were active at physiologic pH and were inhibited by chelating agents, sulfhydryl compounds, and 1:40 dilutions of human serum. Both enzymes appeared to have a molcular size equivalent to similar enzymes found in cultures of rheumatoid synovium. The nodule collagenase was purified by chromatography on molecular sieve columns followed by affinity chromatography. The pure enzyme cleaved collagen in solution at 24 degrees C at the locus common for mammalian collagenases to act: three quarters of the distance from the amino-terminus. Under the same conditions the purified enzyme cleaved gelatin (denatured collagen) at the same locus. It is likely therefore that the collagenase in rheumatoid connective tissues functions to produce the initial cleavage of collagen and that after the initial reaction products are denatured, proteases digest them into smaller polypeptides more rapidly than does the collagenase itself. Since rheumatoid nodules grow centrifugally at the expense of the palisading fibroblast layer it seems possible that the central necrotic areas are caused by release of collagenase and protease from the highly cellular palisading zone resulting in the destruction of the extracellular collagen matrix.
Manual of Skin Diseases
Authors: Peter N. Horvath
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This third edition retains many of the desirable features of the previous editions. It is profusely illustrated with black-and-white and color photographs. Diagrams depict the appearance of the common dermatoses, and dermatologic diagnosis is presented briefly and concisely. Therapy is outlined in detail and in an informal, easily understood fashion. Considering space limitations, a surprisingly large number of dermatologic conditions are discussed. A dictionary index defines and describes rare dermatologic conditions and terms, and for those wishing additional information, pertinent references are presented at the end of each chapter. A separate chapter deals with source material in dermatology. The new edition incorporates recent advances in diagnosis and therapy. There are new illustrations, mostly in color. New topics introduced are pediatric dermatology, geriatric dermatology, photosensitive dermatoses and genodermatoses. This manual lives up to its name in presenting up-to-date dermatologic knowledge primarily for medical students and those nondermatologist physicians who require in
Associations between ultraviolet radiation, basal cell carcinoma site and histology, host characteristics, and rate of development of further tumors
Authors: Tracy J. Lovatt, John T. Lear, Jean Bastrilles, Christina Wong, Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Venura Samarasinghe, Jamie Roebuck, Sudarshan Ramachandran, Andrew G. Smith, Peter W. Jones, Anthony A. Fryer, Richard C. Strange
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Caring for and about acute general medicine
Authors: I. Forgacs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A seismic change has occurred in the delivery of acute general medicine over the past five years, and nowhere has its impact been more dramatic than on the consultant general physician. Concern has recently been expressed about how consultant physicians are coping with the various demands on them,1 and last year the Royal College of Physicians has commissioned a national survey of all physicians responsible for receiving acute medical emergencies.2 This survey is timely as it not only provides data on the workload of consultants but also evaluates several initiatives that have been tried to address the problems of organising the care of emergency patients.

Gone are the days when consultants “on take” might be able to keep a remote hand on the tiller: they are now much more clearly accountable for the emergency service. This has brought with it a range of additional pressures at a time when the expectations of patients are higher, the demands of senior hospital managers greater, and the working patterns of junior doctors radically changed. These additional, external pressures include, in particular, a sustained rise in the number of acute medical admissions across Britain at a time when the number of hospital beds has continued to fall. The ability to squeeze …
Well-woman Clinic in General Practice
Authors: B. E. P. Wookey
Journal: BMJ (1971)

During a four-year period 1,169 women attended a well-woman clinic in a group practice. Eight positive smears were detected, together with one case of breast carcinoma, 94 cases of anaemia, and a number of other abnormalities. The clinic is part of a practice cervical-screening programme aimed at regular tests for women in the practice aged between 25 and 64. Patients appear to prefer attending screening clinics run by their own family doctor, and if more practices would adopt such a programme a higher proportion of the female population might be screened, and at a lower cost.
Abstract 4723: Prognostic significance of EGFR expression in localized gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Soo Park, Hyo Song Kim, Yoon Sung Bae, Sung Hoon Noh, Hyunki Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: The role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression as predictive or prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer is still in controversy. The aim of this study is to find prognostic role of tumor EGFR expression in gastric cancer patients after curative resection. Methods: From January 2000 to September 2003, gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy were included in this study. We retrospectively collected clinical characteristics and survival data of the patients, and analyzed EGFR expression on tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of primary tumor tissues by immunochemical staining (IHC). EGFR expression was scored to 0, 1+, 2+ or 3+ based on intensity of reactivity. Results: Of total 937 patients, 295 (31.5%) patients, 101 (10.8%) patients and 36 (3.8%) patients showed EGFR 1+, 2+, and 3+ expression by IHC, respectively. EGFR overexpression (2+/3+) is more frequently found in intestinal type than diffuse or mixed type (24.2% vs. 5.1%, P&amp;lt;0.001). In stage III disease according to AJCC 7th edition, unlike other stages, the patients with EGFR overexpression (2+/3+) had longer disease free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.639; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.434-0.938; P=0.022) and longer overall survival (HR, 0.630; 95% CI, 0.445-0.890, P=0.009) than other patients in univariate analysis. Additionally, in 279 patients who had stage III gastric cancer with diffuse type histology and received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy, EGFR overexpression was favorable prognostic marker for overall survival (HR, 0.365; 95% CI, 0.161-0.827; P=0.016) in multivariate analysis, while old age and lymphovascular invasion were poor prognostic factors. Conclusion: EGFR overexpression was potentially favorable prognostic biomarker for stage III gastric cancer, especially in the patients who received 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: Ji Soo Park, Hyo Song Kim, Yoon Sung Bae, Sung Hoon Noh, Hyunki Kim. Prognostic significance of EGFR expression in localized gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4723. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4723
Equipe medicale et action psychothérapique en allergologie hospitalière
Authors: R. Wolfromm, J.M. Alby
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Psychological aspects are obviously involved in a hospital department where allergic patients are treated. Being either a psychiatrist or a psychologist, the person in charge of this dimension arise amongst the medical staff reactions belonging to its necessary sensibilisation. The medical team has to function at the good distance, the authors try to help them in such cases as: corticoïds or sympathicomimetics misuse, prescription of thymoanaleptics, environmental factors evaluation, indications for relaxation. Psychological sensibilisation must be prudent which includes the limits of this prospect. An early training of the medical students leads, when they become responsible for patients to use the double pattern: to treat the physical illness as well as to take in charge the psychological demands which express or accompany it.
Becoming Gay: The Journey to Self-Acceptance
Authors: Ze'ev Levin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In<i>Becoming Gay: The Journey to Self-Acceptance</i>, Richard Isay describes a process in which homosexual men establish for themselves a strong positive self-regard. In a culture and society that are inherently homophobic, he proposes that to become gay, the homosexual boy, adolescent, and man must be able to label himself as such. Internalized self-hate and homophobia, Isay states, can only be worked through by a process of confrontation of denial, self-acknowledgment, and ultimate self-acceptance. Through a series of rich case studies, Isay addresses the difficulties gay men face in establishing a sense of positive self-regard, from adolescence through old age, and includes a chapter on developing a positive gay identity when HIV-positive or living with AIDS. In a compassionate and affirming way, Isay describes the adolescent boy as he attempts to deal with Erikson's phase of identity vs role confusion. In addition, the homosexual adolescent must confront a society
Case of Severe Fat Embolism Treated by Intermittent Positive-pressure Respiration
Authors: E. E. Denman, C. S. Cairns, C. McK. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In a review of the cases of fat embolism, diagnosed clinically, occurring at the Birmingham Accident Hospital, Sevitt (1962) places the overall mortality between 10 and 20%.At the same time, in further reviewing series of cases in which coma occurred he found the mortality to be between 50 and 85%.But since the first description of post-traumatic fat embolism in man by Zenker in 1862 no specific form of therapy has been found.At present patients with fat embolism showing severe respiratory or cerebral signs are treated by tracheostomy, the administration of oxygen, and antibiotics.The results of treat- ment by intravenous infusion of heparin (Freeman, 1962) and sodium
Physiotherapy for patients with soft tissue shoulder disorders: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Authors: G. J M G van der Heijden, D. A W M van der Windt, A. F de Winter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy for patients with soft tissue shoulder disorders. <b>Design:</b> A systematic computerised literature search of Medline and Embase, supplemented with citation tracking, for relevant trials with random allocation published before 1996. <b>Subjects:</b> Patients treated with physiotherapy for disorders of soft tissue of the shoulder. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Success rates, mobility, pain, functional status. <b>Results:</b> Six of the 20 assessed trials satisfied at least five of eight validity criteria. Assessment of methods was often hampered by insufficient information on various validity criteria, and trials were often flawed by lack of blinding, high proportions of withdrawals from treatment, and high proportions of missing values. Trial sizes were small: only six trials included intervention groups of more than 25 patients. Ultrasound therapy, evaluated in six trials, was not shown to be effective. Four other trials favoured physiotherapy (laser therapy or manipulation), but the validity of their methods was unsatisfactory. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is evidence that ultrasound therapy is ineffective in the treatment of soft tissue shoulder disorders. Due to small trial sizes and unsatisfactory methods, evidence for the effectiveness of other methods of physiotherapy is inconclusive. For all methods of treatment, trials were too heterogeneous with respect to included patients, index and reference treatments, and follow up to merit valid statistical pooling. Future studies should show whether physiotherapy is superior to treatment with drugs, steroid injections, or a wait and see policy. <h3>Key messages</h3> Because of the small sample sizes and unsatisfactory methods of most trials, only a few randomised clinical trials of methods of physiotherapy in patients with soft tissue shoulder disorders allow firm conclusions on effectiveness of treatment When compared with placebo or another treatment, ultrasound therapy seems ineffective in patients with shoulder disorders Evidence is insufficient to support the effectiveness of low level laser therapy, heat treatment, cold therapy, electrotherapy, exercise, and mobilisation in such patients Future trials should focus on the effectiveness of exercise and mobilisation in comparison to analgesics, non-steroidal drugs, steroid injections, and advice and a wait and see policy Special attention should also be given to the principles of adequate design and conduct of trials and the standards of reporting