tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality Trends Tell Us How We're Doing
Authors: Paul T. Kefalides
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 July 1998Mortality Trends Tell Us How We're DoingPaul T. Kefalides, MDPaul T. Kefalides, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The emerging data from mortality studies of the major illnesses of U.S. adults are a sensitive gauge of our medical and public health system's progress against disease. Through statistical analysis of death certificates, epidemiologists have credited the U.S. health care system with an overall reduction in death rates and an increase in life expectancy. In 1996, the nationwide age-adjusted mortality rate reached an all-time low, and the average life expectancy reached an all-time high of 76.1 years.In individual areas of pathology, however, survival performances vary. Cardiovascular mortality numbers show progressive annual improvement, and clinicians and researchers have recently enjoyed ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLeading Medical Causes of Mortality Among Male Prisoners in Texas, 1992—2003The role of the pulmonary artery catheter in the year 2000 and beyondTeenage smoking in China 15 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 2Page: 170-172KeywordsAIDSCancer preventionCardiovascular therapyDeath ratesDrugsEpidemiologyHIVHIV infectionsLung and intrathoracic tumorsMortality Issue Published: 15 July 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Use of naloxone in opiate poisoning.
Authors: L E Evans
Journal: BMJ (1973)

severe pre-eclampsia may occur early enough to retard fetal growth.It is therefore im- portant to distinguish between pre-eclawpsia and eclampsia in such comparisons.The relatively small percentage of Yoruba primigravidae who are over 25 years of age tend to be overweight and to show a higher than average incidence of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy of the type seen in Europe.These women are usually in non- manual occupations.There is good evidence that hy,pertension is common in Yoruba women in middle life.-I am, etc.,
Arthritis Clinical Trial Results Revealed
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dutch elite athletes and anti-doping policies
Authors: O de Hon, I Eijs, A Havenga
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background and Objective Anti-Doping Authority Netherlands, the official NADO of the Netherlands, evaluates periodically the knowledge, opinions, and attitudes of Dutch elite athletes on various anti-doping matters. Design and participants A total of 888 elite athletes, as acknowledged by National Olympic Committee NOC*NSF, were asked to fill out an anonymous, internet based, 83-item questionnaire. In addition, 453 professional football players (who have no traditional ties with the NOC) were selected from the database of the VVCS, the national representative organisation for professional soccer players. The study was conducted with the cooperation of NL Sporter, the independent association for elite athletes. Results A representative response of 38% for Olympic athletes was achieved; among soccer players the response was indicative at 21%. The whereabouts-rule is the most controversial anti-doping rule for all athletes: 61% has experience with filing whereabouts data, but less than 20% finds it necessary to file such data in their own sport. One in three athletes regularly experiences problems with fulfilling their whereabouts requirements, undermining the support of this rule. Testing itself is less controversial: more than half of all athletes support the principle of Out-of-Competition testing. Of all athletes, 91% would feel guilty if they would use doping themselves. Athletes' knowledge about the Prohibited List and about doping regulations is good (7.1 to 8.8 on a scale of 0 tot 10). Athletes would favour better international harmonisation, more educational opportunities and more anti-doping training for their support personnel. Conclusions Technical improvements in whereabouts software are still necessary, and different ways should be explored to alleviate the burdens laid upon elite athletes without compromising the effectiveness of an out-of-competition testing programme. The knowledge on doping issues should be maintained, but more personal ways to accommodate for specific individual questions during educational meetings should be considered. Educational efforts for Football players should be strengthened.
Seventh International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, September 2013
Authors: D. Rennie, A. Flanagin, F. Godlee, T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The primary aims of biomedical peer review are to select and improve research and other academic work for funding and publication by identifying and reducing bias and increasing the validity, quality, credibility, and worth of scientific reports.This remains a difficult balance. 1 Widespread advances in technology and communications have improved the speed, efficiency, and reach of scientific publication and have transformed the ways scientists, authors, reviewers, editors, clinicians, and the public interact with information and with each other.But these same advances also threaten the very nature of peer review and scientific publication.The need to critically evaluate the purpose, foundations, developments, and future prospects of this entire enterprise-from research proposal through and beyond publication-has never been stronger.
Value and limitations of programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in the study and treatment of tachycardias.
Authors: H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1978)

A review is given on the use of programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in patients suffering from tachycardia. The application of this technique makes it possible to evaluate mechanisms of tachycardia directly in the human heart. By repeating the same stimulation program following drug administration the effect of drugs on arrhythmia mechanisms can be studied. There are several factors, however, that influence the amount of information on mechanism and pathway of tachycardia and selection of appropriate therapy that can be obtained during the study. These factors as well as how information obtained programmed electrical stimulation of the heart has resulted in a better use of the 12-lead electrocardiogram as a diagnostic tool are discussed.
Pulmonic Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: DWIGHT C. MCGOON, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Pulmonic stenosis unassociated with a ventricular septal defect of significant size is often a complex abnormality. The stenosis may be valvular, infundibular, or both, and may be associated with an atrial septal defect or even with a small ventricular septal defect. Preoperative studies cannot accurately predict these variations. The surgical approach selected for such patients should permit the correction of each of the cardiac defects encountered. That this can be accomplished by means of extracorporeal circulation and open cardiotomy is demonstrated by the presented series of 10 cases without operative mortality.
Antioxidant actions contribute to the antihypertrophic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: A LASKOWSKI, O WOODMAN, A CAO, G DRUMMOND, T MARSHALL, D KAYE, R RITCHIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide have been linked to the hypertrophic response of the heart to stimuli including angiotensin II (AngII), mechanical stretch, and pressure overload. We have previously demonstrated that cGMP and protein kinase G mediate the antihypertrophic actions of the natriuretic peptides in rat cardiomyocytes and isolated whole hearts. The impact of natriuretic peptides on cardiac ROS generation, however, has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that reduced superoxide accumulation contributes to the antihypertrophic action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in serum-free medium with and without AngII (1 micromol/L) or endothelin-1 (ET(1), 60 nmol/L) in the presence and absence of ANP (1 micromol/L) or tempol (100 micromol/L). Hypertrophic responses, cardiomyocyte superoxide generation, and cardiomyocyte expression of NADPH oxidase were determined.AngII induced increases in cardiomyocyte size (to 176 +/- 9% n = 8 p < 0.001, at 48 h), beta-myosin heavy chain expression (to 4.0 +/- 1.6-fold n = 6 p < 0.05, at 48 h), c-fos expression (to 1.9 +/- 0.5-fold n = 7 p < 0.01, at 6 h), superoxide generation (to 181+/-21% n = 8 p < 0.005, at 24 h), and expression of the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase (to 2.4 +/- 0.5-fold n = 7 p < 0.05, at 48 h). These effects were all significantly inhibited by ANP: cardiomyocyte size, beta-myosin heavy chain expression, c-fos expression, superoxide generation and gp91phox expression were reduced to 107 +/- 5% (n = 5 p < 0.05), 1.2 +/- 0.2-fold (n = 6 p < 0.05), 0.9 +/- 0.2-fold (n = 7 p < 0.05), 141 +/- 21% (n = 8 p < 0.05), and to 1.0 +/- 0.5-fold (n = 7 p < 0.05), respectively. These effects were mimicked by tempol. ANP and tempol also significantly inhibited ET1-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and superoxide generation, but had no effect on markers of hypertrophy when studied alone.This data indicates that the antihypertrophic actions of ANP are accompanied by reduced levels of superoxide, suggesting an antioxidant action contributes to the antihypertrophic actions of ANP.
Study of the Autoimmune Reaction in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Arthur C. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SINCE the original and independent descriptions of dermatomyositis by Wagner,<sup>1</sup>Hepp,<sup>2</sup>and Unverricht<sup>3</sup>in 1887, much has been written about its etiology. Such diverse factors as endocrine imbalance,<sup>4, 5</sup>infection,<sup>6</sup>allergy,<sup>7</sup>and alterations in vitamin E metabolism<sup>8</sup>have all been suggested as the cause of this disease, yet the etiology and pathogenesis of dermatomyositis remain obscure. Although Stertz<sup>9</sup>first called attention to the association of dermatomyositis with internal malignancy in 1916, it has only been within the past 9 years that this occurrence has been shown separately by Curtis,<sup>10</sup>Williams,<sup>11</sup>and Arundell<sup>12</sup>to be more than just an unusual association of diseases. Dermatomyositis in children is not related to neoplastic disease.<sup>13, 14</sup>When one eliminates those cases occurring in the younger age group from a clinical study, the incidence of neoplasia in adults with dermatomyositis becomes rather high
The curative efficiency of tenofovir for patients with chronic hepatitis B after failure of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues
Authors: En‐Qiang Chen, Hong Tang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Recently, we read with interest the article by van Bömmel et al.1 on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy for patients who failed to improve with other nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUC). Their findings showed that TDF monotherapy could induce a potent and long-lasting antiviral response in other NUC failure patients. However, we still have some questions to discuss. According to Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines,2, 3 primary nonresponse (PNR) is defined as a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by <1 log10 IU/mL at week 12. But in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines,4 it is defined as a decrease in HBV DNA by <2 log10 IU/mL at week 24. Thus, we can see the time point at which determination of PNR in NUC treatment is still controversial. In this study, we thought it might not be good to define PNR at week 12 as treatment failure. We also speculated that some of the included patients might not represent "true failure" of a preceding treatment. For example, in adefovir-treated patients with nonresponse at week 12, if preceding treatment was continued but not switched to TDF, good virological response also might be reached. We suspected the efficacy of TDF for those patients may be not as good as reported. If patients with nonresponse were excluded from 131 eligible patients, the efficacy data of TDF may be more reasonable and valuable to us. If possible, we expect professor van Bömmel to be able to share relevant results with us. We are also interested whether there were patients who presented with so-called nonresponse during TDF treatment. In the present study, the decrease of HBV DNA in TDF treatment was only assessed at 12 months and at the end of follow-up. If specific data on a decrease in HBV DNA at week 12 or 24 of TDF treatment were also shared, it would give us a more comprehensive understanding of the curative efficacy of TDF rescure therapy. In addition, we would like to point out there was a typographic error of the age in table 1. The range of age should be 18-77, not 17-77. En-Qiang Chen M.D.*, Hong Tang M.D.*, * Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Construction and characterization of a thrombin-resistant designer FGF-based collagen binding domain angiogen
Authors: Luke P. Brewster, Cicely Washington, Eric M. Brey, Andrew Gassman, Anu Subramanian, Jen Calceterra, William Wolf, Connie L. Hall, William H. Velander, Wilson H. Burgess, Howard P. Greisler
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Quantification of myocardium at risk and detection of reperfusion by dynamic vectorcardiographic ST segment monitoring in a pig occlusion-reperfusion model
Authors: U. Naslund, S. Haggmark, G. Johansson, S. Reiz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether continuous computerised vectorcardiographic monitoring of absolute spatial ST vector magnitude (ST-VM) and of spatial ST change vector magnitude (STC-VM) during coronary occlusion could be used to estimate the size of myocardium at risk; and also to test whether reperfusion could be distinguished from sustained occlusion by continuous monitoring of ST vector alterations. Methods: Computerised vectorcardiographic monitoring via Frank leads was applied in a closed chest occlusion- reperfusion pig model. Coronary occlusion over 24 h was produced in 20 animals by injecting a 2 mm ball into the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 7), the right coronary artery (n = 8), and the left circumflex coronary artery (n = 5). Another 31 pigs were reperfused by retraction of the ball after 30 (n= 10), 60 (n= 15), or 90 (n = 6) min of left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of the myocardium at risk was measured by autoradiography. Results: Seven animals were excluded. Irrespective of occluded coronary artery the relative parameter STC-VM over the first 30 min of occlusion correlated closely with area at risk, that is, the mean STC- VM between 10 and 30 min of occlusion (r = 0.78 p<0.001). The absolute parameter ST vector magnitude (ST- VM) did not reflect ischaemia in 16/44 animals and did not correlate significantly with area at risk. The weight of myocardium at risk (MAR) was predictable from STC-VM: MAR weight (measured) = 0.97 × MAR weight (predicted)+ 0.26 (g), r = 0.81, p<0.001. STC-VM decline rate, time to STC-VM plateau, and cumulated sum plots of STC-VM were all able to distinguish reliably between reperfused animals and those with permanent occlusion. A paradoxical increase in STC-VM – “reperfusion peak” – was detected in 17/31 (55%) of the animals. This phenomenon was related to large amount of myocardium at risk or to a long occlusion time. Conclusion: Dynamic vectorcardiographic ST monitoring provides adequate estimation of myocardium at risk and enables detection of reperfusion in experimental myocardial ischaemia. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27: 2170-2178
Waist Circumference and Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Samuel Klein, David B. Allison, Steven B. Heymsfield, David E. Kelley, Rudolph L. Leibel, Cathy Nonas, Richard Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Several leading national and international institutions, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health, have provided guidelines for classifying weight status based on BMI (1,2). Data from epidemiological studies demonstrate a direct correlation between BMI and the risk of medical complications and mortality rate (e.g., 3,4). Men and women who have a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 are considered obese and are generally at higher risk for adverse health events than are those who are considered overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2) or lean (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Therefore, BMI has become the “gold standard” for identifying patients at increased risk for adiposity-related adverse health outcomes.

Body fat distribution is also an important risk factor for obesity-related diseases. Excess abdominal fat (also known as central or upper-body fat) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, precise measurement of abdominal fat content requires the use of expensive radiological imaging techniques. Therefore, waist circumference (WC) is often used as a surrogate marker of abdominal fat mass, because WC correlates with abdominal fat mass (subcutaneous and intra-abdominal) (5) and is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk (6). Men and women who have waist circumferences greater than 40 inches (102 cm) and 35 inches (88 cm), respectively, are considered to be at increased risk for cardiometabolic disease (7). These cut points were derived from a regression curve that identified the waist circumference values associated with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in primarily Caucasian men and women living in north Glasgow (8).

An expert panel, organized by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, has recommended that WC be measured as part …
Components of Hemodynamic Load and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Leroy L. Cooper, Jian Rong, Emelia J. Benjamin, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Joseph A. Vita, Naomi M. Hamburg, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Gary F. Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Elevated blood pressure is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death. The blood pressure waveform consists of discrete hemodynamic components, derived from measured central pressure and flow, which may contribute separately to risk for an adverse outcome. However, pressure-flow measures have not been studied in a large, community-based sample.We used proportional hazards models to examine the association of incident CVD with forward pressure wave amplitude, mean arterial pressure, and global reflection coefficient derived from wave separation analysis and echocardiography in 2492 participants (mean age 66±9 years, 56% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. During follow-up (0.04-6.8 years), 149 participants (6%) had a CVD event. In multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, antihypertensive therapy, body mass index, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, smoking, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, forward pressure wave amplitude (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.67; P=0.0003) was associated with incident CVD, whereas mean arterial pressure (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.29; P=0.25) and global wave reflection (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.12; P=0.58) were not. After adding systolic blood pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity to the model, forward pressure wave amplitude persisted as a correlate of events (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.68; P=0.02).Higher forward pressure wave amplitude (a measure of proximal aortic geometry and stiffness) was associated with increased risk for incident CVD, whereas mean arterial pressure and relative wave reflection (correlates of resistance vessel structure and function) were not associated with increased risk for incident CVD.