tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The vagus, the duodenal brake, and gastric emptying.
Authors: M Shahidullah, T L Kennedy, T G Parks
Journal: Gut (1975)

It has been suggested that an intact vagal supply is essential for the normal function of the recptors in the duodenum and proximal small bowel, which influence the rate of gastric emptying. This paper reports the effect of vagal denervation on gastric emptying and also examines the site and mode of action of receptors in the proximal small bowel.It has been demonstrated in the dog that most, if not all, the receptors controlling gastric emptying lie in the proximal 50 cm of the small bowel. Following truncal vagotomy the emptying time of each instillation increased significantly and the differential rate of emptying of different instillations remained unchanged. The proximal 50 cm of small bowel was capable to differentiating between different instillates even after selective extragastric vagotomy, in which the duodenum was vagally denervated and, therefore, duodenal braking receptors function independently of vagal innervation.
Integrated care for asthma: a clinical, social, and economic evaluation
Authors: N Drummond, M Abdalla, J K Buckingham, J A G Beattie, T Lindsay, L M Osman, S J Ross, A Roy-Chaudhury, I Russell, M Turner, J G Douglass, J S Legge, J A R Friend
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To evaluate integrated care for asthma in clinical, social, and economic terms. <b>Design</b> : Pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> : Hospital outpatient clinics and general practices throughout the north east of Scotland. <b>Patients</b> : 712 adults attending hospital outpatient clinics with a diagnosis of asthma confirmed by a chest physician and pulmonary function reversibility of at least 20%. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Use of bronchodilators and inhaled and oral steroids; number of general practice consultations and hospital admissions for asthma; sleep disturbance and other restrictions on normal activity; pyschological aspects of health including perceived asthma control; patient satisfaction; and financial costs. <b>Results</b> : After one year there were no significant overall differences between those patients receiving integrated asthma care and those receiving conventional outpatient care for any clinical or psycho-social outcome. For pulmonary function, forced expiratory volume was 76% of predicted for integrated care patients and 75% for conventional outpatients (95% confidence interval for difference -3.6% to 5.0%). Patients who had experienced integrated care were more likely to select it as their preferred course of future management (75% (251/ 333) v 62% (207/333) (6% to 20%); they saved pounds sterling 39.52 a year. This was largely because patients in conventional outpatient care consulted their general practioner as many times as those in integrated care, who were not also visiting hospital. <b>Conclusion</b> : Integrated care for moderately severe asthma patients is clinically as effective as conventional outpatient care, cost effective, and an attractive management option for patients, general practioners, and hospital consultants.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Every Patient with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: What Stands in the Way?
Authors: Ellen C. Keeley, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

According to data from randomized, controlled trials, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). In these trials, 1 life was saved and 2 other life-threatening complications, including stroke and reinfarction, were prevented for every 50 patients with ST-segment elevation MI treated with primary PCI rather than thrombolytic therapy. Only 1 major bleeding episode occurred. How can these superior results be realized outside the context of randomized trials? We anticipate 4 obstacles to instituting primary PCI as the universal treatment of ST-segment elevation MI: 1) lack of timely availability, 2) technical expertise of center and operator, 3) the need to address patient subgroups that are not studied in randomized trials, and 4) comparisons of primary PCI to newer pharmacologic regimens. We propose 3 strategies to increase the availability of this procedure: 1) perform primary PCI in qualified community hospitals without surgical back-up; 2) transfer patients from community hospitals without primary PCI capability to hospitals with primary PCI capability; and 3) develop a universal system in which ambulances directly transfer patients to a regional primary PCI center, not necessarily to the closest hospital, similar to the system used for trauma patients. We contend that, in light of the superior clinical outcomes seen with primary PCI for treating ST-segment elevation MI, this procedure should be available to all patients with ST-segment elevation MI and efforts should be made to institute these measures.
When sex is a headache.
Authors: S J Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1991)

As anesthesiologists and acute pain medicine specialists, we will care for patients in the perioperative period who use cannabinoids for chronic pain and/or marijuana recreationally. We will have to address difficult questions from patients regarding the potential applications for cannabinoids in acute pain management. While we must remain compassionate and understand our patients’ desire to find relief from suffering using available non-opioid medications, we are ethically bound to do no harm and provide them with treatment options supported by the best available evidence. Today, we cannot support cannabinoids in the management of acute postoperative pain.
The Debate over Residents' Work Hours
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

After years of discussion, the system of training resident physicians in the United States is about to undergo substantial changes. As of July 1, 2003, more — but not all — residents will be limited to 80 hours of work per week, averaged over a four-week period.1,2 The new requirements are part of a general effort to improve the safety of patients and the working conditions and education of residents. They are also designed to forestall federal regulation that could take away some of the authority of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the organization that accredits . . .
Neutrophil function in systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen diseases.
Authors: H Al-Hadithy, D A Isenberg, I E Addison, A H Goldstone, M L Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Using a whole blood technique we assessed neutrophil migration, phagocytosis, and killing in a group of 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 8 patients with other connective tissue disorders. In the untreated cases of SLE neutrophil migration was significantly depressed, but it was usually normal in the treated group. This may be attributable either to an intrinsic neutrophil abnormality or to a humoral factor. Although isolated abnormalities of phagocytosis and killing were observed in SLE, these functions were normal when the patients were considered as a group. The treated patients with other collagen diseases showed enhanced migration in both autologous and control plasma, normal phagocytosis, and enhanced killing in autologous plasma only. The small group of untreated, non-SLE patients showed some depression of all 3 functions. There was no correlation between neutrophil function and clinical activity of disease. In the SLE patients there was no correlation between neutrophil function and circulating immune complexes.
Tandem mass spectrometry in discovery of disorders of the metabolome
Authors: Arnold W. Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Genetic disorders of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism can be detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS/MS screening of mice subjected to chemical mutagenesis (see the related article beginning on page 434) defined a new disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism resembling human maple syrup urine disease. This approach has general application to the discovery of gene function in developmental and metabolic disorders.
The Metabolism and Secretion of Aldosterone in Elderly Subjects*
Authors: C. Flood, C. Gherondache, G. Pincus, J. F. Tait, S. A. S. Tait, S. Willoughby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The secretion rates [34 ± 6 (SE) μg per day, 9 subjects] and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) [1,288 ± 120 (SE) L of plasma per day, 9 subjects] of aldosterone in elderly subjects are significantly lower than those of young subjects [77 ± 7 (SE) μg per day and 1,631 ± 106 (SE) L per day, respectively]. There is a correlation of the MCR and secretion rate values (p = 0.02), but the calculated plasma concentrations (secretion rate/MCR) are also significantly low in the elderly subjects [2.6 ± 0.3 (SE) compared with concentrations in the plasma from young subjects of 4.7 ± 0.6 (SE) μg per 100 ml plasma].
MRI for Regional Back Pain
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic Regulation of Airway Colonization by <i>Bordetella</i> Species
Authors: Ming Huam Yuk, Peggy A. Cotter, Jeff F. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Bordetella species are respiratory pathogens that infect humans and other animals. A majority of the virulence factors expressed by these bacteria are regulated by a master control locus, BvgAS, a member of the two-component family of signal transduction systems. BvgAS senses environmental signals and mediates signal transduction by a phosphorylation cascade that leads to a biphasic transition between the Bvg+ and Bvg- phases. From natural host studies using Bordetella bronchiseptica, we have found that expression of Bvg+ phase factors, which include adhesins and toxins, is required for successful colonization of the mammalian respiratory tract. Suppression of the Bvg- phase motility phenotype is necessary for a successful interaction with the host. Although the Bvg- phase does not appear to be required in vivo, it does confer the ability to survive under conditions of severe nutrient deprivation. We hypothesize that the Bvg+ phase is necessary and sufficient for respiratory tract colonization and the Bvg- phase is adapted for survival in environments encountered during transmission between hosts.
Polio outbreak leads to calls for a "vaccination ceasefire" in Syria
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Aid agencies are calling for a “vaccination ceasefire” in Syria to prevent an epidemic of polio there, which could re-infect the Middle East years after a global eradication campaign had rid the region of this crippling disease.

The call came after an outbreak of polio was confirmed in an eastern province of Syria in late October. Most of the 10 confirmed cases were children under 2 years who had not been immunised because the country’s health system has collapsed after more than two years of civil war.

Save the Children said: “Vaccination ceasefires would mean pauses …
Prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men at high risk of future coronary heart disease: Multiple risk factor intervention trial experience
Authors: Pentti M. Rautaharju, Ronald J. Prineas, William J. Eifler, Curt D. Furberg, James D. Neaton, Richard S. Crow, Jeremiah Stamler, Jeffrey A. Cutler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections With Morpholino Oligomers in Cell Cultures and in Mice
Authors: Shen-Hao Lai, David A Stein, Antonieta Guerrero-Plata, Sui-Ling Liao, Teodora Ivanciuc, Chao Hong, Patrick L Iversen, Antonella Casola, Roberto P Garofalo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, and high-risk adults. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent RSV infection, and the available therapeutic agents are of limited utility. Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) are a class of antisense agents that can enter cells readily and interfere with viral protein expression through steric blocking of complementary RNA. Two antisense PPMOs, designed to target sequence that includes the 5′-terminal region and translation start-site region of RSV L mRNA, were tested for anti-RSV activity in cultures of two human-airway cell lines. Both PPMOs showed minimal cytotoxicity and one of them, (AUG-2), reduced viral titers by >2.0 log10. Intranasal (i.n.) treatment of BALB/c mice with AUG-2 PPMO before the RSV inoculation produced a reduction in viral titer of 1.2 log10 in lung tissue at day 5 postinfection (p.i.), and attenuated pulmonary inflammation at day 7 postinfection. These data show that the AUG-2 PPMO possesses potent anti-RSV activity and is worthy of further investigation as a candidate for potential therapeutic application. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, and high-risk adults. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent RSV infection, and the available therapeutic agents are of limited utility. Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) are a class of antisense agents that can enter cells readily and interfere with viral protein expression through steric blocking of complementary RNA. Two antisense PPMOs, designed to target sequence that includes the 5′-terminal region and translation start-site region of RSV L mRNA, were tested for anti-RSV activity in cultures of two human-airway cell lines. Both PPMOs showed minimal cytotoxicity and one of them, (AUG-2), reduced viral titers by >2.0 log10. Intranasal (i.n.) treatment of BALB/c mice with AUG-2 PPMO before the RSV inoculation produced a reduction in viral titer of 1.2 log10 in lung tissue at day 5 postinfection (p.i.), and attenuated pulmonary inflammation at day 7 postinfection. These data show that the AUG-2 PPMO possesses potent anti-RSV activity and is worthy of further investigation as a candidate for potential therapeutic application.
Abstract 4572: Comparison of proteomic profiles in human plasma of smokers and nonsmokers using the iTRAQ approach
Authors: James D. Bortner, John Richie, Arunangshu Das, Jason Liao, Todd Umstead, Anne Stanley, Bruce Stanley, Chandra Belani, Karam El-Bayoumy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lung cancer is a potentially preventable disease because it is strongly related to tobacco smoke. Although there have been great strides taken to inform the population of the severity of the risks associated with smoking, there are currently 43.4 million Americans that smoke and 1.3 billion smokers worldwide. Therefore, it is important to develop biomarkers that can identify individual smokers and ex-smokers who are at especially high risk for lung cancer. Relative changes that take place in the human plasma proteome as a result of smoking may be playing an important role in the etiology of lung cancer. Thus, in this study we used a proteomic approach utilizing isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) to compare the plasma protein expression levels between healthy smokers and non-smokers. With this multi-plex non-gel based technique, up to 8 samples can be simultaneously labeled with isobaric tagging reagents, 113-119 and 121, for quantitation and identification by mass spectrometry. Plasma samples from seven white male smokers and seven white male non-smokers were distributed into two 8-plex iTRAQ sets. The 113 label in each set was used to label a pool consisting of each sample in the study in order to compare between the two 8-plex sets. Plasma from each subject was depleted of the 14 most abundant plasma proteins using an immunoaffinity column to search for lower abundant proteins. Based on our results, we identified 18 significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) differentially expressed proteins between smokers and non-smokers. The proteins that were down-regulated in smokers include sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), inter-α (globulin) inhibitor H3 (HC3), and vitronectin. The proteins that were up-regulated in smokers include the complement component 8, α, β and γ polypeptides, gelsolin, and mannose-binding protein C (MBP-C). Among those identified, SHBG, HC3, and gelsolin protein have been previously identified in smokers and have been suggested to be candidate markers for lung cancer. The results of this study show that cigarette smoking can influence the relative expression profile of plasma proteins. However, the relationship of these proteins to the development of lung cancer needs to be determined so that they can be further developed as biomarkers of disease risk. Support: NCI PO1 70972 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4572.
Significance of Nodal Uptake on Indium 111 Labeled Leukocyte Scans
Authors: ELIZABETH OATES, KATHLEEN STAUDINGER, VANITA GILBERTSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A retrospective study of 132 indium 111 labeled leukocyte scans on 129 patients was undertaken to determine the incidence and significance of activity in the neck, axilla, and groin suggestive of regional lymph nodes. Possible nodal uptake was observed in 35 out of 108 (32%) adults and 11 out of 21 (52%) children. Activity was characterized as symmetric or asymmetric. Based on medical record review, positive scans were divided into two groups: with or without clinical correlation. Nodal visualization was common in children and showed a high degree of clinical correlation. In adults, asymmetric uptake in the axilla and groin was frequently associated with disease. Cervical activity, however, often remained unexplained and may represent false-positive uptake in mandibular marrow or submandibular glands. In summary, nodal uptake may represent a significant finding, reflecting known disease or may signal subclinical disease.
New Challenges in the Development of a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: Robert S. Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Provision of data useful for the development of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is the subject of two studies published in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>. Both Eskola et al<sup>1</sup>and the Israeli Pediatric Bacteremia and Meningitis Group<sup>2</sup>looked at the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections in children to discover the extent of disease, prevalent serotypes, and definition of a high-risk target population of children as preliminary steps in devising a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine strategy. Why is the current vaccine, which has worked well in adults, not used for children, and why go to the trouble of developing a conjugate vaccine? It has been known for decades that the capsular polysaccharides of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>confer the antigenic specificity that defines different serotypes and that antibodies to these polysaccharides (also known as soluble-specific substances) are type-specific and protective for human beings. In 1945, MacLeod and associates<sup>3</sup>showed that these polysaccharides, used
Controlled Trial of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure
Authors: Darren R. Mansfield, N. Claire Gollogly, David M. Kaye, Meroula Richardson, Peter Bergin, Matthew T. Naughton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and may contribute to progression of cardiac dysfunction via hypoxia, elevated sympathetic nervous system activity, and systemic hypertension. Our aim was to assess the long-term effect of OSA treatment with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on systolic heart function, sympathetic activity, blood pressure, and quality of life in patients with CHF. Fifty-five patients with CHF and OSA were randomized to 3 months of CPAP or control groups. End points were changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, overnight urinary norepinephrine excretion, blood pressure, and quality of life. Nineteen patients in the CPAP group and 21 control subjects completed the study. Compared with the control group, CPAP treatment was associated with significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (delta 1.5 +/- 1.4% vs. 5.0 +/- 1.0%, respectively, p = 0.04), reductions in overnight urinary norepinephrine excretion (delta 1.6 +/- 3.7 vs. -9.9 +/- 3.6 nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.036), and improvements in quality of life. There were no significant changes in systemic blood pressure. In conclusion, treatment of OSA among patients with CHF leads to improvement in cardiac function, sympathetic activity, and quality of life.