tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Academic Rank in US Medical Schools in 2014
Authors: Anupam B. Jena, Dhruv Khullar, Oliver Ho, Andrew R. Olenski, Daniel M. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> The proportion of women at the rank of full professor in US medical schools has not increased since 1980 and remains below that of men. Whether differences in age, experience, specialty, and research productivity between sexes explain persistent disparities in faculty rank has not been studied. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyze sex differences in faculty rank among US academic physicians. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We analyzed sex differences in faculty rank using a cross-sectional comprehensive database of US physicians with medical school faculty appointments in 2014 (91 073 physicians; 9.1% of all US physicians), linked to information on physician sex, age, years since residency, specialty, authored publications, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, and clinical trial investigation. We estimated sex differences in full professorship, as well as a combined outcome of associate or full professorship, adjusting for these factors in a multilevel (hierarchical) model. We also analyzed how sex differences varied with specialty and whether differences were more prevalent at schools ranked highly in research. <h3>Exposures</h3> Physician sex. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Academic faculty rank. <h3>Results</h3> In all, there were 30 464 women who were medical faculty vs 60 609 men. Of those, 3623 women (11.9%) vs 17 354 men (28.6%) had full-professor appointments, for an absolute difference of −16.7% (95% CI, −17.3% to −16.2%). Women faculty were younger and disproportionately represented in internal medicine and pediatrics. The mean total number of publications for women was 11.6 vs 24.8 for men, for a difference of −13.2 (95% CI, −13.6 to −12.7); the mean first- or last-author publications for women was 5.9 vs 13.7 for men, for a difference of −7.8 (95% CI, −8.1 to −7.5). Among 9.1% of medical faculty with an NIH grant, 6.8% (2059 of 30 464) were women and 10.3% (6237 of 60 609) were men, for a difference of −3.5% (95% CI, −3.9% to −3.1%). In all, 6.4% of women vs 8.8% of men had a trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, for a difference of −2.4% (95% CI, −2.8% to −2.0%). After multivariable adjustment, women were less likely than men to have achieved full-professor status (absolute adjusted difference in proportion, −3.8%; 95% CI, −4.4% to −3.3%). Sex-differences in full professorship were present across all specialties and did not vary according to whether a physician's medical school was ranked highly in terms of research funding. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among physicians with faculty appointments at US medical schools, there were sex differences in academic faculty rank, with women substantially less likely than men to be full professors, after accounting for age, experience, specialty, and measures of research productivity.
Can patient-reported kidney cancer–specific symptoms at baseline serve as an indicator for median progression-free and overall survival in sorafenib-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
Authors: P. C. Trask, A. G. Bushmakin, J. C. Cappelleri, J. C. Tarazi, B. Rosbrook, P. W. Bycott, S. Kim, W. M. Stadler, B. I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6136 Background: Baseline health-related quality of life and symptom burden have been shown to be predictive of survival in patients with cancer. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Kidney Cancer Symptom Index (FKSI) is used to measure symptom burden in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between baseline FKSI scores and median progression- free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) after treatment with axitinib, a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in patients with sorafenib-refractory metastatic RCC (mRCC). Methods: As part of a multicenter, open-label, phase II study of patients with sorafenib-refractory mRCC treated with axitinib, patients reported symptoms at baseline using the FKSI, with higher scores indicating less severe symptoms (FKSI-15 range, 0 to 60; FKSI-Disease Related Symptoms [DRS] range, 0 to 36). A Weibull (fully parametric) model was fit to time-to-event data to establish the relationship of baseline FKSI score with mPFS and mOS. Kaplan-Meier curves were obtained as sensitivity analyses. Results: Sixty-two patients with sorafenib-refractory mRCC were evaluated. Longer progression-free and overall survival times were associated with higher (more favorable) baseline FKSI-15 and FKSI-DRS scores. For example, for FKS-15 scores of 0 (most symptoms), 30, and 60 (no symptoms), respectively, the mPFS were 0.72, 3.83, and 20.43 months, and the mOS were 1.05, 6.27, and 37.53 months. Similar patterns and interpretations were observed for the FKSI-DRS scores. These results from the parametric model were supported by the results from the Kaplan-Meier analyses. Conclusions: In patients with sorafenib-refractory mRCC treated with axitinib, baseline patient-reported kidney cancer symptoms were linked to mPFS and mOS in a clear and interpretable way. These results support the evaluation of patient-reported symptoms at baseline in clinical trials and in clinical practice to measure symptom severity and potentially predict progression-free and overall survival outcomes. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Bayer, Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Wyeth Abbott Laboratories, Pfizer Bayer, Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Wyeth
Should young children testify in cases of sexual abuse?
Authors: A Yates
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Children as young as age 3 are testifying in cases of sexual abuse and molestation. Very young children can accurately recall emotionally charged, personally significant events. They demonstrate more errors of omission, difficulties with time and number of concepts, and occasional misinterpretations of others' actions. Children's testimony can be influenced by an overly authoritative or ingratiating attorney stance, an attorney's preconceived notions, age-inappropriate questions, and the child's limited attention span. Children may be helped or harmed by testifying. The risk of further traumatization can be minimized through the judge's use of discretionary power, inclusion of professionals trained in child development in the investigative and court process, and use of videotaping or one-way screens.
Abstract 3500: Combinations of ARQ087 with chemotherapeutic agents are safe and show a striking antitumor activity in different xenograft models
Authors: Rosaria Chilà, Federica Guffanti, Terence Hall, Francesca Ricci, Massimo Broggini, Giovanna Damia
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract ARQ087 is a non ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against the FGFR receptor family, and currently in Phase I clinical studies for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. It potently inhibits FGFR1, 2, and 3, as well as mutant FGFR2 (N549H) and FGFR3 (K650E/M) with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range in biochemical assays. ARQ 087 has shown potent anti-proliferative activity in a panel of cancer cells with deregulated FGFR1 and FGFR2 pathways and exerted a dose-dependent antitumor activity in in vivo systems with FGFR1/FGFR2-driven xenografts model (H1581 and SNU-16 respectively) and models harboring FGFR2-activating mutation (AN3CA and MFE296). Given orally in a 15 daily administration, ARQ 087 has shown a very safe profile while inducing tumor regressions in FGFR driven models. The feasibility of combining ARQ087 with chemotherapy was investigated in H1581 FGFR1-amplified lung xenograft and in SNU16-FGFR2 driven gastric xenografts. Tumor bearing mice, were randomized to receive vehicle, ARQ087, paclitaxel, carboplatin as single agents, ARQ087 and paclitaxel, ARQ087 and carboplatin, paclitaxel and carboplatin as doublets; and the triple combination of ARQ087 with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Similar experimental setting was applied in nude mice bearing SUN16 xenografts, but instead of paclitaxel, capecitabine was given. The choice of the anticancer agents to be combined with ARQ087 was supported by the fact that these drugs are currently used for the treatment of various cancers clinically. In both experimental settings the drugs given as single agents showed moderate anti-tumor activity. Combination of two agents was more active than the single ones alone and combination of three agents has shown the most antitumor activity. In particular, combination of ARQ 087 with paclitaxel and carboplatin in H1581 bearing mice resulted in tumor regression and only 1/8 tumor re-grew after 30 days from the last drug administration versus 6/8, 4/8 e 5/8 in treatment groups with paclitaxel alone, combination of ARQ087 with paclitaxel, and combination of paclitaxel with carboplatin respectively. Of importance, no toxic deaths nor premature stopping or delaying of drug administration occurred. These data clearly suggest that ARQ087 can be safely combined with chemotherapy and that the combinations are much more active than the monotherapies. Citation Format: Rosaria Chilà, Federica Guffanti, Terence Hall, Francesca Ricci, Massimo Broggini, Giovanna Damia. Combinations of ARQ087 with chemotherapeutic agents are safe and show a striking antitumor activity in different xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3500. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3500
Early diagnosis of lung cancer by the electronic nose: Preliminary results
Authors: Giulia Sedda, Roberto Gasparri, Juliana Guarize, Daniela Brambilla, Alessandro Borri, Marco Santonico, Giorgio Pennazza, Corrado Di Natale, Roberto Paolesse, Arnaldo D'Amico, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   Lung cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. During the years, several screening programs have been developed with the aim of detecting disease at a stage when cure and control are possible. Among the new available options for an early detection, analysis of exhaled air seems to be very promising thanks to its characteristics and stands out as a viable candidate for widespread screening.   Methods   Between 09/05/2013 and 30/01/2014, in the Division of Thoracic Surgery of the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, we prospectively investigated the breath of 70 subjects volunteers with signed consent. This work has been funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) and approved by Ethic Commission. Population consisted of 35 patients with lung cancer and 35 healthy subjects, each one older than 50 years. Measurements were performed immediately after the collection. We analyzed the breath of the recruited subjects with an electronic nose (TEN NOSE) to validate the ability of the instrument to distinguish between healthy subjects and lung cancer patients. The data were analyzed bymultivariate technical analysis.   Results   The statistical analysis found out a positive predictive value of 79% and a negative predictive value of 76%. Furthermore the sensitivity of the electronic nose was 74% and the specificity was 80%.   Conclusion   These preliminary results are satisfactory and define the electronic nose as a promising tool for early diagnosis. The novelty of these researches concerns the realization of a robust model to transfer the instrument in the clinical practice. Further studies are necessary to extend the analysis to evaluate larger groups of patients.
THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BROMIDE ON TUMOR GROWTH
Authors: Alfred Taylor, Nell Carmichael Taylor
Journal: Cancer Research (1964)

Summary  A study has been made of the effect of NaBr on the growth of mouse mammary tumors transplanted into mice and embryonated eggs. The drug was introduced at various concentrations by addition to tumor suspensions before implantation into mice or eggs and was also given in the drinking water to mice bearing tumor implants and by injection over the chick membranes of tumor-bearing eggs. In all four of the series, involving a total of 263 control and 245 experimental mice and 349 control and 332 experimental tumor-bearing eggs, a statistically significant increase in average tumore size for the experimental groups resulted.
Abstract P6-06-04: The role of sphingosine kinase 1 in breast carcinogenesis
Authors: Yoshiko Shimizu, Hideki Furuya, Paulette M Tamashiro, Kayoko Iino, Charles J Rosser, Toshihiko Kawamori
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: The bioactive sphingolipids, ceramide/sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) possess opposite effects on cell fate. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an enzyme that principally regulates the balance or the "rheostat" of the sphingolipids by phosphorylating sphingosine to form S1P. In this study, we investigated the effect of SphK1 deficiency on HER2/neu-induced mammary carcinogenesis using a MMTV-neu transgenic (Tg) mice model. Methods: MMTV-neu Tg mice were crossbred with SphK1 knockout (KO) mice to generate MMTV-neu Tg mice with KO or wild-type for SphK1 gene. The number and size of the palpable tumors were recorded weekly until mice reached 35 weeks of age or the largest tumor diameter reached 20 mm in size. At necropsy, tumors and blood were collected for analysis. The sphingolipid profiles in blood were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The incidences of mammary tumor development in the homozygous SphK1 KO (1/13; 8%) and heterozygous SphK1 KO (11/44; 26%) were significantly reduced (P=0.0112 and 0.0208, respectively) when compared to wild-type mice (8/13; 62%). The mammary tumor multiplicity was significantly reduced in homozygous SphK1 KO (0.08±0.08; P=0.0036) when compared to wild-type mice (0.69±0.17). The S1P levels in blood were significantly decreased in homozygous SphK1 KO mice (P&amp;lt;0.0001), while sphingosine levels were significantly increased in the blood of heterozygous SphK1 KO mice (P&amp;lt;0.001). In both homozygous and heterozygous SphK1 KO mice, the blood level of C16:0-Ceramide was significantly increased (P&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: The results provide novel evidence that SphK1 mediates HER2/neu-induced mammary carcinogenesis by regulating the ceramide/sphingosine-S1P "rheostat". Thus, we propose that SphK1 inhibition may be a novel therapeutic option in the treatment of HER2 breast tumors. Citation Format: Yoshiko Shimizu, Hideki Furuya, Paulette M Tamashiro, Kayoko Iino, Charles J Rosser, Toshihiko Kawamori. The role of sphingosine kinase 1 in breast carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-04.
Outcome and predictors of treatment failure in early post-surgical prosthetic joint infections due to Staphylococcus aureus treated with debridement
Authors: F. Vilchez, J.C. Martínez-Pastor, S. García-Ramiro, G. Bori, F. Maculé, J. Sierra, L. Font, J. Mensa, A. Soriano
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is expressed in human sebaceous glands and regulates glucocorticoid-induced lipid synthesis and toll-like receptor 2 expression in SZ95 sebocytes
Authors: S.E. Lee, J.-M. Kim, M.-K. Jeong, C.C. Zouboulis, S.H. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Journal Article 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is expressed in human sebaceous glands and regulates glucocorticoid‐induced lipid synthesis and toll‐like receptor 2 expression in SZ95 sebocytes Get access S.E. Lee, S.E. Lee Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 351, Yatap‐dong, Bundang‐gu, Seongnam 463‐712, Korea Seung Hun Lee. E‐mail: ydshderm@yuhs.ac Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐M. Kim, J.‐M. Kim Department of DermatologyHuman Barrier Research Institute, BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital 146‐92, Eonjuro 211, Gangnam‐gu, Seoul 135‐720, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.‐K. Jeong, M.‐K. Jeong Department of DermatologyHuman Barrier Research Institute, BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital 146‐92, Eonjuro 211, Gangnam‐gu, Seoul 135‐720, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.C. Zouboulis, C.C. Zouboulis Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenwag 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Lee S.H. Lee Department of DermatologyHuman Barrier Research Institute, BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital 146‐92, Eonjuro 211, Gangnam‐gu, Seoul 135‐720, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 168, Issue 1, 1 January 2013, Pages 47–55, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12009 Published: 01 January 2013 Article history Accepted: 09 August 2012 Published: 01 January 2013
Psychiatric disorder and limitations in physical functioning in a sample of the Los Angeles general population
Authors: K B Wells, J M Golding, M A Burnam
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors examined relationships between psychiatric disorder and perceived general health and physical functioning from data obtained from interviews with 2,554 non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. Persons with recent psychiatric disorders perceived their general health as poorer and had more limitations in physical functioning than persons without such disorders, even when the analyses controlled for chronic medical conditions and demographic factors. Affective and anxiety disorders were independently associated with both acute and chronic limitations in physical functioning. The associations of recent psychiatric disorder and of chronic medical condition with acute activity restrictions were similar in magnitude.
D1, D2, and 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in relation to clozapine serum concentration: a PET study of schizophrenic patients
Authors: A L Nordström, L Farde, S Nyberg, P Karlsson, C Halldin, G Sedvall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Central D1, D2, and 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine was determined and related to clozapine serum concentrations.Seventeen patients treated with clozapine (125-600 mg/day) were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and one to three of the following selective radioligands: [11C]SCH23390 (N = 11), [11C]raclopride (N = 16), and [11C]N-methylspiperone (N = 5). Clozapine concentration in serum was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.D2 receptor occupancy (20%-67%) was lower than that previously determined in patients treated with classical neuroleptics (70%-90%). D1 receptor occupancy (36%-59%) was higher than that induced by classical neuroleptics (0%-44%). 5-HT2 receptor occupancy was very high (84%-94%), even at low clozapine doses. Despite a 20-fold range in clozapine serum concentration (105-2121 ng/ml) at the time of PET examination, D2 receptor occupancy was low in all patients and was not described by the curvilinear relationship between serum drug concentration and receptor occupancy that has been demonstrated for classical antipsychotics.The results confirm in an extended series of patients that clozapine is atypical with regard to degree of D2 receptor occupancy, a finding that may explain the lack of extrapyramidal side effects. The combination of relatively high D1, low D2, and very high 5-HT2 receptor occupancy values is unique to clozapine. Clozapine serum concentrations have not been unequivocally shown to predict clinical effects. In this study, concentration did not predict degree of occupancy in brain. Thus, careful clinical titration cannot be replaced by monitoring of drug concentrations for optimization of clozapine treatment in individual patients.
Antiangiogenic activity of TPT in vitro.
Authors: Xiaochun Yang, Peihua Luo, Bo Yang, Weixing Guo, Qiaojun He
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5542 

Protracted administration of topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, appears to be more efficacious both in animal models and human cancers. This phenomenon is thought partly mediated through the inhibition of angiogenesis. We found that TPT inhibited EA.hy926 cells proliferation and CAM angiogenesis in a sublethal concentration. The IC50 value of TPT for EA.hy926 cells detected by MTT assay was 0.13 μM, lower than TPT for most of sensitive cancer cell lines (IC50 range, 0.17μM to 5.1μM). TPT (1-10 μM/egg) resulted in a dose-dependent angiogenic inhibition in CAM assay. In AO/EB assay, apoptosis induced by TPT in EA.hy926 cells was observed with a dosed-dependent manner, and the result of flow cytometry was similar to the AO/EB assay with the apoptosis percentage was 2.5% (control), 17.3% (TPT 0.05 μM), 48.9% (TPT 0.5 μM), and 52.3% (TPT 5 μM). By flow cytometry, we also found that various concentrations of TPT induced cell cycle disturbance in EA.hy926 cells. TPT caused G2/M arrest at a dose of 0.05 μM, G1/G0 arrest at a dose of 5 μM, and induced S arrest at a dose of 0.5 μM. The VEGF expression of PC-3 cells was inhibited by TPT under hypoxia. In normoxia, overexpression of p53 and downregulation of ERK were caused by TPT in EA.hy926 cells. In conclusion, TPT exerts tumor suppressing action through interacting with topoisomerase I and inhibiting angiogenesis. The antiangiogenesis mechanism of TPT may correlate with inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells and down-regulating the expression of VEGF in cancer cells. Further mechanism is under study.