tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EGFR expresion in liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer EGFR negative primary tumour and response to systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Z. Petrovic, D. Tarabar, R. Doder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20104 Background: To evaluate expresion of EGFR in liver metastases in patients with colorectal carcinoma EGFR immunohistochemistry (IHC) negative primary tumor and to evaluate response to systemic chemotherapy in this group of patients. Methods: A group of 19 patients with IHC negative EGFR in primary tumor with synchronous liver metastasis were analysed. All patients received irinotecan and/or oxaliplatin based chemotherapy regimen in combination with oral fluoropyrimidines - capecitabine. Results: 10 pts. had EGFR IHC positive expresion in liver metastases. EGFR IHC negative liver metastases were present in 9 pts. In patients with EGFR IHC negative liver metastases 2 pts. had PR, 1 pts. had SD and 6 pts. had PD after chemotherapy. In patients with EGFR IHC positive liver metastases 3 pts. had PR, 2 pts. had SD and 5 pts. had PD after chemotherapy. All pts. with PR were underwent to surgery and/or RFA. Pts. with SD and PD received cetuximab with previous systemic chemotherapy. PFS in this group of pts. is 4,1 month. Conclusions: This study is ongoing. At this moment the results do not support routine determination of EGFR status on distant metastatic sites in patients with colorectal carcinoma and for response to chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 21460: Differences of Diameter of Pulmonary Capillary Vessels in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Using Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Aya Miura, Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiromi Matsubara, Aiko Ogawa, Satoshi Akagi, Kengo F Kusano, Takahiro Oto, Aiji Ohtsuka, Chikao Yutani, Tohru Ohe, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) are included in the same group (group 1) of cli...
Weather, pollution and topography in COPD exacerbations: An observational study in Worcester and Dudley, UK
Authors: Richard Lewis, Gabriele Price, Jean Emberlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Chronic respiratory symptoms are high in the UK compared to other countries where smoking is more common. The British climate may play a role.

Objectives: To examine the combined effect of weather, pollution and topography on symptoms in COPD subjects residing in river valley locations.

Method: For one year, 52 subjects recorded daily respiratory symptoms. These were compared to corresponding 24-hour means for selected weather and pollution variables. Exacerbation frequencies were correlated with altitude and distance from river valleys.

Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) relationships were recorded between altitude and exacerbations frequency (r=-0.33 to -0.44). Relative humidity (r=0.19 to 0.43), temperature (r=-0.08 to -0.58), dew point (r=-0.13 to -0.42), and the difference between temperature and dew point (r=-0.19 to -0.46) showed predominantly statistically significant relationships with symptoms. Particulates showed some of the strongest correlations with symptoms (r=0.11 to 0.44). Generally, an adjustment of data for infectious exacerbations led only to minor changes in the results.

Conclusion: Our study provides for the first time evidence of increased respiratory symptoms in lower altitude areas of river valleys. The correlation results demonstrate a combined effect of certain weather conditions on acute exacerbations, especially those which result in airborne water droplet formation. The deleterious influence of pollution is also confirmed. Particles can serve as nuclei for airborne water droplets formation and an increased retention of particles and pollutants under these weather conditions is suggested.
Impact of different types of foreign body inhalation on the clinical and radiological presentations
Authors: Amany Omar, Suzan Salama, Yaser Gad, Maiada Kamal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  : Inhalation of a foreign body into the tracheobronchial tree can be a very serious problem sometimes with a fatal outcome. Objective : To detect the impact of different types of foreign body inhalation on the clinical and radiological presentations. Methods :Eighty four patients with suspected FBI were prospectively enrolled in this analytic study.All patients underwent history, examination, chest X-ray and rigid bronchoscope . Results :FBI was more common among patients from 2 to  Conclusion : FBI is considered as a common problem in our community, prevailing not only in infant and young children but also in adolescents especially females at puberty age.Specifically,organic foreign bodies of plant origin as seeds are more common among young children while inorganic ones of metallic origin especially HSP are more common in adult females.
Abstract 3555: Nf-kb-dependent Induction Of Microrna-146 Downregulates Erbb4 And May Be Involved In The Deterioration Of Cardiomyocyte Survival
Authors: Takahiro Horie, Koh Ono, Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Hitoo Nishi, Kazuya Nagao, Minako Kinoshita, Rieko Mori, Koji Hasegawa, Toru Kita
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Consensus statement for good practice and audit measures in the management of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
Authors: M P J Vanderpump, J A O Ahlquist, J A Franklyn, R N Clayton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

and the Society for Endocrinology Thyroid disease is common and may present to a wide range of doctors.With the widespread availability of thyroid function testing in recent years increasing num- bers of patients with symptoms which might be attributable to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are being tested.Many aspects of the management of thyroid disease have not been subjected to controlled clinical trials yet there are established practices which have never been questioned.The Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Endocrinology and Diabetes Committee of the college, and the Society for Endocrinology set up a working group to produce a consensus statement for good practice with associated audit measures which could be used to ensure that purchasers of health care are obtaining an acceptable standard of care for patients with thyroid disease.The working group focused on patient manage- ment rather than presenting symptoms and signs, which were detailed in a sirnilar report by the American Thy- roid Association.'This report summarises the consensus views reached by members of the working group.
Result of adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocol (MCP 841) from a developing country
Authors: A. Mukhopadhyay, P. Gupta, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Dey, J. Basak, R. Pandey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

10046 Background: Acute Lymphatic Leukemia is a curable disease in the range of 80 - 90% in developed countries by aggressive protocol like BFM, St. Judes’ but result is much less in adolescence age group (60–70%). In developing countries like ours, patients can't tolerate that aggressive protocol because of socio-economic and nutritional factors. The less aggressive protocol like MCP841 is suitable in developing countries like ours. The aim of our study was to see outcome of adolescent ALL patient with protocol MCP 841 and tolerability of the protocol in Indian-Asian population. Methods: We treated 75 children with age range 13 - 18 years (median age of 15 yrs) with MCP 841 Protocol at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata, India, a tertiary cancer center from Eastern India during the period of April 1999 to Dec 2007. There was female preponderance in the study. Fever 48 (64.0%), lymphadenopathy 35 (46.7%), and haepatosplenomegaly 28 (37.3%) were the major clinical presentation. Eight (10.7%) patients were present with hyper leukocytosis. T-ALL phenotype was the largest group though the incidence of the C-ALL was quite high 23 (30.7%). Results: Remission induction was seen in 65 (86.7%) of the patients. In a follow-up period of 24 - 88 months (with an average of 54 months) the disease-free survival ( DFS) was 42 (56%) patients with an overall survival of 46 (61.34%) patients. The isolated bone marrow relapse was seen in majority of the cases 28 (37.34%) and the major relapse was in maintenance and first 6 months of completion of therapy. The major cause of morbidity was infection 53 (70.7%) followed metabolic complications 16 (21.34%), pancreatitis 3 (4.0%), hemorrhage 10 (13.3%), neurologic 2 (2.7%), and hepatitis 1 (1.3%). The major cause of the mortality was infection 18% (24.0% patients) followed progressive disease 9 (12.0%) and hemorrhage 2 (2.7%). As compared to our all pediatric ALL group the outcome is much less and complications are much more. Conclusions: The data of acute lymphatic leukemia in adolescent is not satisfactory as compared to other pediatric patients. They also tolerate chemotheraphy badly. Therefore there is need for modified protocol for this age group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase I studies: the role of publicly funded academic-healthcare partnerships
Authors: Nathan J Brendish, Diane F Gbesemete, Hans de Graaf, Christopher J Edwards, Saul N Faust
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Emanuel and colleagues’ meta-analysis found that phase I studies are very safe.1 However, the accompanying editorial mentioned that phase I studies are a “secret realm” and that “most studies are conducted outside academic medical centres at private facilities run by pharmaceutical companies or contract research organisations.” …
Lung cancer as a comorbidity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Authors: Michael Kreuter, Svenja Ehlers-Tenenbaum, Heinrich Wenz, Hans Hoffmann, Philipp A. Schnabel, Claus Peter Heussel, Michael Puderbach, Felix J.F. Herth, Arne Warth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: IPF is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. This might be explained by a contribution of IPF to lung cancer (LC) development or a role of LC in IPF development and/or by shared pathomechanisms causing both IPF and LC. However, data on incidence and reports on treatment related complications are limited.  Methods: In a retrospective monocenter analysis, patients (pts) who were diagnosed between 1/2004-12/2011 with IPF according to the current ATS/ERS guideline were reviewed for the diagnosis of LC.  Results: Of 229 IPF pts, 28 had IPF with LC (12%): 92% male, median age 67 years, median 39.5 pack years, median VC 82% pred., TLC 81% pred, TLCO-SB 35% pred. 75% had NSCLC with stages IA (5%), IB (10%), IIIA (29%), IIIB (10%), IV (29%), not further specified (17%). 25% had SCLC with 43% limited and 57% extensive disease. Diagnosis was simultaneous in 41%, IPF diagnosis prior to LC in 44% (median delay 36 months) and after LC diagnosis in 15% (median delay 5 months). 7 pts received surgery, 4 chemotherapy, 4 chemo-radiotherapy, 7 radiotherapy and 6 best supportive care for treatment of LC. Complications were common with myocardial infarction in 3 pts after surgery and 1 during chemo-radiotherapy, pneumonia in 6 pts (4 after surgery, 2 during chemotherapy) and radiation pneumonitis in 4 pts. 30 days mortality after surgery was 29%.  Conclusions: LC is a frequent comorbidity in IPF where an interdisciplinary evaluation of therapeutic options is mandatory. However, treatment related complications, especially after surgery are high. Prognosis of operable patients with IPF and LC might be decreased compared to patients either suffering from IPF or with LC alone.
Neural Correlates of Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Women With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: J. Douglas Bremner, Meena Narayan, Lawrence H. Staib, Steven M. Southwick, Thomas McGlashan, Dennis S. Charney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Childhood sexual abuse is very common in our society, but little is known about the long-term effects of abuse on brain function. The purpose of this study was to measure neural correlates of memories of childhood abuse in sexually abused women with and without the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Twenty-two women with a history of childhood sexual abuse underwent injection of [15O]H2O, followed by positron emission tomography imaging of the brain while they listened to neutral and traumatic (personalized childhood sexual abuse events) scripts. Brain blood flow during exposure to traumatic and neutral scripts was compared for sexually abused women with and without PTSD.Memories of childhood sexual abuse were associated with greater increases in blood flow in portions of anterior prefrontal cortex (superior and middle frontal gyri-areas 6 and 9), posterior cingulate (area 31), and motor cortex in sexually abused women with PTSD than in sexually abused women without PTSD. Abuse memories were associated with alterations in blood flow in medial prefrontal cortex, with decreased blood flow in subcallosal gyrus (area 25), and a failure of activation in anterior cingulate (area 32). There was also decreased blood flow in right hippocampus, fusiform/inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and visual association cortex in women with PTSD relative to women without PTSD.These findings implicate dysfunction of medial prefrontal cortex (subcallosal gyrus and anterior cingulate), hippocampus, and visual association cortex in pathological memories of childhood abuse in women with PTSD. Increased activation in posterior cingulate and motor cortex was seen in women with PTSD. Dysfunction in these brain areas may underlie PTSD symptoms provoked by traumatic reminders in subjects with PTSD.
Outcome of Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children
Authors: A P Thomas, E K Alpar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Seventy patients who had sustained supracondylar fractures of the humerus as children were examined. Loss of carrying angle of the elbow occurred if the fracture was immobilized in a varus position during healing. Varus malalignment could have been obviated if comparative radiographs of the other elbow had been taken and the Baumann angles compared. Rotation and posterior displacement at the fracture had little bearing on the outcome. Immobilization of the fracture in a collar and cuff sling was as effective as more elaborate methods.
Results of the Randomized Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial with Focus on High-Risk Profiling
Authors: Mathilde M. W. Wille, Asger Dirksen, Haseem Ashraf, Zaigham Saghir, Karen S. Bach, John Brodersen, Paul F. Clementsen, Hanne Hansen, Klaus R. Larsen, Jann Mortensen, Jakob F. Rasmussen, Niels Seersholm, Birgit G. Skov, Laura H. Thomsen, Philip Tønnesen, Jesper H. Pedersen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

As of April 2015, participants in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial had been followed for at least 5 years since their last screening.Mortality, causes of death, and lung cancer findings are reported to explore the effect of computed tomography (CT) screening.A total of 4,104 participants aged 50-70 years at the time of inclusion and with a minimum 20 pack-years of smoking were randomized to have five annual low-dose CT scans (study group) or no screening (control group).Follow-up information regarding date and cause of death, lung cancer diagnosis, cancer stage, and histology was obtained from national registries. No differences between the two groups in lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.6; P = 0.888) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.27; P = 0.867) were observed. More cancers were found in the screening group than in the no-screening group (100 vs. 53, respectively; P < 0.001), particularly adenocarcinomas (58 vs. 18, respectively; P < 0.001). More early-stage cancers (stages I and II, 54 vs. 10, respectively; P < 0.001) and stage IIIa cancers (15 vs. 3, respectively; P = 0.009) were found in the screening group than in the control group. Stage IV cancers were nonsignificantly more frequent in the control group than in the screening group (32 vs. 23, respectively; P = 0.278). For the highest-stage cancers (T4N3M1, 21 vs. 8, respectively; P = 0.025), this difference was statistically significant, indicating an absolute stage shift. Older participants, those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those with more than 35 pack-years of smoking had a significantly increased risk of death due to lung cancer, with nonsignificantly fewer deaths in the screening group.No statistically significant effects of CT screening on lung cancer mortality were found, but the results of post hoc high-risk subgroup analyses showed nonsignificant trends that seem to be in good agreement with the results of the National Lung Screening Trial. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00496977).
A paradox of TB immunity
Authors: K Dheda
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Mollenkopf H-J, Kursar M, Kaufmann SHE. Immune response to post primary tuberculosis in mice: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis bacilli Calmette-Guerin induce equal protection. J Infect Dis2004;190:588–97

[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]



To address whether protective immunity induced by natural infection was any different from that induced by BCG, investigators infected mice—either BCG vaccinated or previously infected with M tuberculosis and then cured with chemotherapy—with a low dose of M tuberculosis H37Rv. Protection against post primary M tuberculosis infection did not differ …

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Role of Adherence in Cytopathogenic Mechanisms of Entamoeba Histolytica
Authors: Jonathan I. Ravdin, Richard L. Guerrant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The enteric pathogen, Entamoeba histolytica, appears to cause disease by adhering to and then destroying mucosal barriers. Using an in vitro method of studying the interaction of E. histolytica with target cells (Chinese hamster ovary [CHO] and human erythrocytes [RBC]), we examined the mechanism of amebic adherence and its role in lysis of target cells. Killing and phagocytosis of target cells by amebas ceases at 4°C, allowing observation of adherence. Amebas adhere to CHO cells at 4°C, 78.9% formed rosettes (amebas with ≥3 adherent CHO cells each) at 2 h. At 37°C, cytochalasins B and D inhibit adherence of amebas to CHO cells (P < 0.0005). Amebas adhere to and kill CHO cells in media with <0.1 μM calcium and magnesium plus 10 mM EDTA, indicating that divalent cations are not required in the medium. Adherence of amebas to human RBC was not ABO blood group specific and showed greater adherence to human than bovine or sheep RBC (P < 0.005). Neither Fc nor complement receptors were found on amebas by standard rosette studies. The amebic adherence receptor is not trypsin (0.125%) sensitive nor inhibited by trypan blue (1 mM). N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GALNAc) inhibited the adherence of amebas to CHO cells and human RBC (0.1 g/100 ml or 4.5 mM GALNAc, P < 0.005) by binding to a receptor on the amebic surface. GALNAc abolishes amebic cytolysis of target CHO cells (determined by 111Indium oxine release from CHO cells, P < 0.001) but not amebic phagocytosis of CHO cells. By suspending ameba-CHO cells rosettes in dextran, we found that GALNAc (1%) reversibly inhibits amebic adherence (P < 0.0005) and that cytochalasins decrease amebic killing of adherent CHO cells (P < 0.025).
Eumycetoma caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Phomopsis phaseoli): a case report and a mini-review of Diaporthe/Phomopsis spp invasive infections in humans
Authors: X. Iriart, R. Binois, A. Fior, D. Blanchet, A. Berry, S. Cassaing, E. Amazan, E. Papot, B. Carme, C. Aznar, P. Couppié
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Natural history of node-negative breast cancer: a study of 826 patients with long-term follow-up.
Authors: C A Quiet, D J Ferguson, R R Weichselbaum, S Hellman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE We were interested in examining the long-term outcome of patients with node-negative breast cancer to address the following questions: (1) Is node-negative breast cancer a disease that is curable by local modalities? (2) Are there predictors of disseminated disease in node-negative breast cancer? (3) Are there subgroups of tumors that have different times to recurrence? METHODS From 1927 to 1984, 826 women with node-negative breast cancer were treated at the University of Chicago. Patients underwent either a radical or extended radical mastectomy (83%) or a modified radical mastectomy (13%). RESULTS Follow-up evaluation ranged from 9 to 523 months (43.6 years); the mean follow-up period of survivors is 162 months (13.5 years). On multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor of outcome and time to relapse was pathologic tumor size. Patients with tumors less than 2 cm had a 20-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of 79% and a median time to recurrence of 48 months as compared with patients with tumors greater than 2 cm, who had a survival rate of 64% (P &lt; .001) and a median time to recurrence of 37 months (P = .01). CONCLUSION With extended follow-up evaluation, node-negative breast cancer is a curable disease. Size is the strongest predictor of dissemination and rate of relapse. These data suggest that given the natural history of node-negative breast cancer, analysis of clinical trials with short follow-up periods can be misleading, since it may identify those patients whose tumors have a greater virulence but not necessarily a greater likelihood to metastasize.
Three quarters of global burden from smokeless tobacco occurs in India, study shows
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Three quarters of global deaths and lost disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to smokeless tobacco occur in India, says a recent study published in BMC Medicine that analysed data from 113 countries.1

The study estimated that smokeless tobacco caused an estimated 266 592 deaths worldwide in 2010. Of these, 204 309 were due to ischaemic heart disease, and 62 283 were due to cancers of the mouth, oesophagus, and pharynx. Using smokeless tobacco was also associated with the loss of 6 436 920 DALYs worldwide in 2010.

India accounted for 74.3% …
Evaluation of Flibanserin
Authors: Walid F. Gellad, Kathryn E. Flynn, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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