tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 19245: Motivational Interviewing Tailored Intervention to Promote Heart Failure Self-care (MITI-HF): Primary Study Results
Authors: Ruth M Masterson Creber, Megan Patey, Barbara Riegel
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Self-care is important for optimizing heart failure (HF) patient health and the best strategy for promoting self-care is unclear. Methods: This was a single blind pilot randomized control trial with two groups. Patients with HF were recruited from an urban hospital and randomized 2:1 to the motivational interviewing (MI) intervention or usual care. Eligibility criteria included having a diagnosis of HF, living within 30 miles of the hospital, not being on milrinone or a pre-transplant list. The MI intervention was provided during a single home visit and 3-4 follow-up phone calls over 90 days by a nurse. Self-care was measured with the Self Care of Heart Failure Index, which uses a standardized 0-100 score. Higher scores indicate better self-care; an 8 point change is clinically relevant. Results: A total of 67 participants completed the study (mean age 62 ± 12.8 years), 54% were black, 30% female and 63% educated at ≤ high school level. Most were symptomatic (84% NYHA III or IV), with 5.5 ± 2....
IgE Concentrations Measured by PRIST® in Serum of Healthy Adults and in Patients with Respiratory Allergy
Authors: Olle Zetterstöm, S. G. O. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1981)

In order to establish reference values for total serum IgE in an adult non-atopic population, 175 individuals, 17-85 years of age, were investigated. The usefulness of a sensitive method (PRIST) for serum IgE determinations in discriminating atopy from non-atopic conditions in allergological routine diagnosis was elucidated by investigating 445 patients with symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria and eczema. Comparisons were made with case histories, in vivo tests and circulating IgE antibodies. The geometric mean for serum IgE in the reference material was 13.2 kU/l with a 2 SD range of 1.53 to 114 kU/l. No significant difference between age groups or sexes was observed. In patients classified as non-atopic and pronounced atopic, the geometric mean values for IgE were 40, 123 and 458 kU/l respectively. The IgE level correlated with number of allergens positive in RAST and with skin test results. It is concluded that IgE determinations are of great help in discriminating atopic conditions from other diseases with similar symptoms. A serum IgE value above 100 kU/l in a patient is strong evidence for the presence of an atopic disease while a value below 20 kU/l indicates that the symptoms are due to intrinsic or infectious disease.
Ig Heavy Chain Gene Rearrangements in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Exhibit Predominant Dh6-19 and Dh7-27 Gene Usage, Can Result in Complete V-D-J Rearrangements, and Are Rare in T-Cell Receptor β Lineage
Authors: Tomasz Szczepański, Marja J. Pongers-Willemse, Anton W. Langerak, Wietske A. Harts, Annemarie J.M. Wijkhuijs, Elisabeth R. van Wering, Jacques J.M. van Dongen
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 18085: Heart Healthy Living: A community Based, Culturally Sensitive Cardiovascular Disease Education Program for Chinese Women at Roxbury Tenants of Harvard
Authors: Laura Liu, Aileen Sauris, Fatima Rodriguez, Joanne Foody
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Acculturation is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and risk factors among Chinese immigrants into Western societies. There is a paucity in community-based health interventions targeted towards Chinese immigrants, and a growing need to develop such programs among this rapidly expanding population. We adapted the Heart Healthy Living (HHL) seminar series, a tailored health, nutrition, and physical activity education program, to address the challenges that Chinese immigrants face. Methods: HHL is a six week culturally suitable CV health program targeted towards Chinese women residing at Roxbury Tenants of Harvard (RTH). Each session was held in Chinese and consisted of an interactive lecture component on CVD prevention, followed by an exercise activity. Each participant completed a validated Heart Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (HDKQ) both pre- and post-seminar series, in addition to blood pressure, weight, height, and waist circumference measurements at each time. Results: A total of 30 women registered with median age of 65.5 years old. At baseline, 33% of the women suffered from hypertension and 30% of women had BMI considered at minimum “overweight” at an average of 26.33 kg/m2 with a mean waist circumference of 32.6 inches (+/- 4.3 inches). Overall, there were no significant changes in weight, blood pressure, or waist circumference. However, we found a 117% increase in proficiency of CVD knowledge in the HDKQ, from 34.6% correct to 75.3% correct upon completion of the seminar series (Figure 1). Conclusions: There was a profound increase in CVD literacy with HHL completion. Not unexpectedly, there were no changes in metrics taken during the seminar series. Longer and larger studies are necessary to determine reproducibility and changes in measurements taken. Furthermore, one year follow up and long-term interventions are necessary to assess the translation of knowledge into health-related outcomes.
Reversible control of CD8 cytotoxicity by regulatory T cells
Authors: Mikael J. Pittet, Thorsten R. Mempel, Khashayarsha Khazaie, Wolfgang Weninger, Ralph Weissleder, Harald Von Boehmer, Ulrich H. Von Andrian
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4883   Adaptive mechanisms of peripheral tolerance have evolved within the mammalian immune system to prevent inappropriate responses to antigen. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) have been identified as central constituents of this regulatory activity. Using intravital multiphoton microscopy of murine lymph nodes we describe the lytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) upon encounter with target cells in the absence or presence of Treg activated in response to tumor-expressed antigen. While CTL proliferation, endowment with effector molecules, motility and target cell conjugate formation are unperturbed in the presence of Treg, granule exocytosis and lytic capacity upon target cell contact are strongly impaired. This selective regulation does not require prolonged contact between CTL and Treg but depends on CTL responsiveness to TGF-beta. Regulation is furthermore reversible, since CTL regain cytotoxicity upon removal of Treg in vivo. Thus Treg suppress CTL-mediated immunity by creating a local milieu that permits acquisition of full effector potential but withholds the license to kill. These observations have important implications for the development of more efficient cancer vaccines.
Women and Childbirth in the Twentieth Century, by A Susan Williams
Authors: S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A Susan Williams, Sutton Publishing, £19.99, pp 329 ISBN 0 7509 1209 X

In Britain maternal mortality fell from 460 to 102 per 100 000 deliveries between 1934 and 1948, and fell further to 12 per 100 000 by 1988. Thus, in less than two generations the number of women dying in childbirth in my own unit has dropped from one a fortnight to one every two years. This is a gripping story, and not just for obstetricians. The appeal of this book is slightly more limited, as the main subject is the work of the National Birthday Trust Fund (NBTF), a charity set up in 1928 by aristocratic women with political connections, initially for raising funds for voluntary hospitals although with no particular interest …
HIV Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accidents that should never have happened
Authors: R. A Cocks
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Personal view p 1079 

Early one October morning an express slammed obliquely into the side of another train.1 By all precautions they should not have been sharing the same piece of track, and 20 seconds earlier or later they would not have collided. The ensuing fire consumed the bodies of many passengers and injured many more, and for days no one was sure exactly how many perished.2 The subsequent inquiry was full of discussion about human error, blame, fire prevention, and automatic train protection.3

This was not last week outside Paddington, when two commuter trains collided and burst into flames, but October 1928, when the Derby to Bristol mail train of London, Midlandand Scottish Railways struck a Great Western goods train at Charfield, Gloucestershire. In December 1928 the official inquiry into the Charfield crash called for the “eventual”installation of automatic train control, which could have stopped the train: 71 years later we are still waiting for it to be implemented.

The memorial in Charfield churchyard bears the name of Philip Jenkins, probably the first person to be the subject of an inquest under section 18 of the 1926 Coroners Act, one held where no body has been found. The fire at Charfield was so intense …
491. Improved Apical Airway Epithelia Targeting Properties of FIV Vector Pseudotyped with Envelopes from LCMV
Authors: Douglas E. Dylla, Melissa A. Hickey, Daniel E. Michele, Beverly L. Davidson, Kevin P. Campbell, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene transfer to the airway epithelia can correct the ion transport and host defense defects associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the clinical application of gene therapy for CF is limited by several problems including adverse immune responses, inefficient transduction, and the failure of gene expression to persist. We hypothesized that the transduction efficiency of a (feline immunodeficiency virus) FIV-based lentivirus for the apical surface of polarized human airway epithelia (HAE) could be improved by pseudotyping the vector with glycoproteins from non-retroviral enveloped viruses. We found that glycoproteins from the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, WE54 strain) produced FIV titers similar to VSV-G FIV (108-109 TU/ml). Application of FIV pseudotyped with LCMV to well differentiated HAE yielded significantly more efficient gene transfer from the apical than the basolateral surface. Transduction by LCMV FIV from the apical surface was 3–4 fold more efficient than VSV-G FIV from the basolateral surface. Additionally, transduction was decreased by inhibitors of endosomal acidification, consistent with entry via a pH-sensitive endosomal pathway. Alpha-dystroglycan has been identified as a high affinity receptor for some arenavirus family members, including the WE54 strain of LCMV. By immunohistochemistry, alpha-dystroglycan was abundantly expressed on both the apical and basolateral surfaces of airway epithelia. Pretreatment of epithelia with laminin or antibodies to alpha-dystroglycan partially inhibited gene transfer with LCMV-FIV, suggesting that alpha-dystroglycan serves as a receptor in HAE. Vectors with a single point mutation to the LCMV WE54 envelope, designed to generate LCMV FIV virions with low affinity to alpha-dystroglycan, transduced airway epithelia 5–12 fold more efficiently from the apical surface than the high affinity WE54 glycoprotein pseudotyped virions. Transduction by the modified pseudotype was not inhibited by laminin or alpha-dystroglycan blocking antibody. Transduction levels with the low affinity alpha-dystroglycan binding envelope were also increased following basolateral application. These results with an envelope with low affinity for alpha-dystroglycan suggest that there is at least one additional unidentified viral receptor or cofactor for LCMV binding in airway epithelia. LCMV pseudotyped FIV provides a new tool to deliver transgenes to polarized airway epithelia via the apical surface.
Bevacizumab shows survival benefit for non-small lung cancer patients who received subsequent pemetrexed treatment but not had a therapeutic effect in clinical practice
Authors: Nobuyuki Koyama, Shohei Minesaki, Susumu Yamazaki, Harue Utsugi, Yuri Maeno, Tetsuya Okano, Yoshitake Murayama, Kunihiko Kobayashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

[Backgound] Bevacizumab (BEV), a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, is one of molecular targeting agents for non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of BEV in clinical practice. [Methods] We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological characteristics of 26 NSCLC patietnts who had undergone BEV therapy in Saitama Medical University International Medical Center and Saitama Medical University Hospital. [Results] The patients had a median age of 64 years (range, 33 to 75 years), and 19 males and current smokers. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations were found in 6 patients (23%). Combined with BEV, each half of 26 patients received the chemotherapeutic regimen of either carboplatin/paclitaxel or carboplatin/pemetrexed. Objective response rate was 54% and disease control rate was 96%, and median progression free survival and overall survival were 100 days and 202 days, respectively. Adverse events included 4% of arrhythmia, 27% of hypertension, 8% of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 19% of nasal bleeding, and 23% of proteinuria. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logrank tests, therapeutic response influenced neither progression free survival nor overall survival, whereas longer overall survival was observed in NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy after failure of BEV. [Conclusion] Therapeutic response to BEV does not predict survival benefit of BEV-treated NSCLC patients. Meanwhile, pemetrexed may be a novel therapeutic option for NSCLC patients who have failed BEV treatment.
Heart rate turbulence: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea without coronary artery diseases
Authors: Omer Tamer Dogan, Alim Erdem, Kursat Epozturk, Osman Can Yontar, Ibrahim Akkurt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effects of OSAS on baroregulatory function by using heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters.   Methods:  Sixty four OSAS patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. HRT analysis (TO: turbulence onset and TS: turbulence slope) was obtained from 24-hour ECG recordings. The values of HRT were compared between two groups along with basic clinical, echocardiographic and Holter parameters. Besides, the relationship between HRT and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was analyzed.   Results:  The mean value of TO was significantly higher in the OSAS group than in the control group (p   Discussion:  As the OSAS worsens, the cardiac rhythm disorders become more prominent. The impairment of cardiovascular autonomic system in OSAS patient without CAD may be a possible component of deleterious effect of OSAS.   Conclusion:  The impaired autonomic cardiac control may in part explain the mechanism promoting arrhythmias and sudden death in OSAS subjects. To achieve a meaningful reduction in mortality, OSAS must be targeted for treatment.
235. The Fetal Approach: A Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Musculo-Skeletal Disease
Authors: Michael Themis, Lisa G. Gregory, Simon N. Waddington, Maxine V. Holder, Kyriacos A. Mitrophanous, Suzanne M. K. Buckley, Brian W. Bigger, Fiona E. Ellard, Lucy E. Walmsley, Pippa Radcliffe, Nick Mazarakis, Mimoun Azzouz, Lorraine Lawrence, Terrence Cook, Faisal A. Allaf, Susan Kingsman, Charles Coutelle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Top of pageAbstract
Gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy has so far not been successful because of the difficulty in achieving efficient and permanent gene transfer to the large number of affected muscles and the development of immune reactions against vector and transgenic protein. In addition, the prenatal onset of disease complicates postnatal gene therapy. We have therefore proposed a fetal approach to overcome these barriers. We have applied b-galactosidase expressing EIAV lentiviruses by single or combined injection via different routes to the MF1 mouse fetus on day 15 of gestation and describe substantial gene delivery to the musculature. Highly efficient gene transfer to skeletal muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, as well as to cardiac myocytes was observed and gene expression persisted for at least five months after administration of this integrating vector. Using alternative envelope glycoproteins to pseudotype the EIAV vector also appears to provide improved gene targeting not only to muscle fibres but also muscle satellite cells important for muscle regeneration. These findings support the concept of in utero gene delivery for therapeutic and long term prevention/correction of muscular dystrophies and pave the way for a future application in the clinic.
Transmyocardial revascularization with CO2 laser in patients with refractory angina pectoris
Authors: Lars Aaberge, Kenneth Nordstrand, Morten Dragsund, Kjell Saatvedt, Knut Endresen, Svein Golf, Odd Geiran, Michel Abdelnoor, Kolbjorn Forfang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Abstract 1831: Interrogating HER2+ plasticity and lapatinib resistance with MicroEnvironment MicroArrays
Authors: Spencer Watson, James Korkola, Juha Rantala, Joe Gray
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Treatment of HER2+ breast cancer with the targeted therapeutic lapatinib has shown promising results, but faces the major obstacles of de novo and acquired resistance in clinical use. Much of this resistance can be attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity, giving rise to drug resistant cell populations. An important factor of intratumoral heterogeneity is spatial heterogeneity of cancer cells, which results in differential contact with extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins, stromal cells, and growth factors and signaling molecules within the tumor microenvironment. This can variably alter the intracellular signaling network of cancer cells, modulating cellular plasticity and drug response. To assess the effect cellular interactions with the microenvironment has on lapatinib resistance, we are utilizing MicroEnvironment MicroArrays (MEMA), which consist of combinations of functional ECMs, growth factors, and cytokines printed onto a solid surface, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of thousands of unique microenvironments in a single assay. We have grown HER2+ breast cancer cells on the MEMA spots, treated with lapatinib, and measured functional response to each protein combination by immunofluorescent assay and high throughput image acquisition and analysis. By focusing on markers of proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular subtype differentiation, we have identified protein combinations that confer resistance to lapatinib. One of the combinations that came out of this preliminary screen is the desmosome protein Desmoglein II and the growth factor HGF, which continued to drive proliferation of HER2+ cells in the presence of lapatinib. Validation experiments found that on their own these two proteins could modulate the differentiation status of HER2+ cells, and combined to provide resistance to lapatinib treatment in traditional cell culture assays. In addition, the extent of drug resistance provided by protein interaction was found to be strongly linked to the differentiation status of the HER2+ cells. Both HGF and Desmoglein II are reported to be important in the progression of breast cancer, but their effect in combination is a novel finding from the use of MEMA analysis. We plan to utilize RNAseq analysis to inform a probabilistic computational model of network signaling to determine what pathways are enhanced by the microenvironment factors, and siRNA knockdown or small molecule inhibitors of identified pathway nodes can then determine which interactions can be targeted to restore drug sensitivity. Citation Format: Spencer Watson, James Korkola, Juha Rantala, Joe Gray. Interrogating HER2+ plasticity and lapatinib resistance with MicroEnvironment MicroArrays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1831. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1831
Abstract 164: Antithrombotic Use and Bleeding in Patients Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Kathleen Ryan Avery, Molly H O’Brien, Michael G Silverman, Raghu Seethala, Annmarie Chase, Carol Daddio Pierce, Karen Griswold, Galen V Henderson, Beth Anne Hirning, Michael Kyller, Anthony F Massaro, David A Morrow, Peter H Stone, Stefan Strojwas, Paul M Szumita, Benjamin M Scirica
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The known anticoagulant effects of hypothermia poses challenges when considering therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after cardiac arrest, including the risk of bleeding and the safety of giving concomitant antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy. We therefore examined antithrombotic use and the risk of bleeding in patients receiving TH. Methods: In a large tertiary academic center in Boston, we examined the incidence of bleeding in patients evaluated for TH. Antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation (oral or parenteral) prior to arrest and during the hospitalization were recorded. Results: TH was initiated in 190 patients and completed in 150. Among 40 patients in which TH was stopped early, bleeding was cited as a reason in 5 (though in 3 cases bleeding was documented at time of TH initiation). Of the 150 ‘completers’, 16 (10.6%) bled during TH. Bleeding was present at the time of TH initiation in 8/16 patients. Bleeding sites were most commonly GI 56.3% and vascular access 25% with no cases of intracranial bleeding. Presenting rhythm, survival, neurological outcomes and inpatient administration of antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications were similar between the bleeding and non-bleeding groups. Though there was no significant hematocrit change in the two groups, more patients with bleeding received red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (56.3% vs 2.2%) and received more RBC units (5.4±5.4 vs 1.3±0.5 p=0.054). Of the 15 patients on mechanical circulatory support, only 4 had a bleeding event during TH. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the bleeding and non-bleeding groups during TH in terms of concomitant antithrombotic agents or neurologic recovery/survival. These findings suggest that the incidence of bleeding in TH is acceptable and that it is safe to treat patients with antithrombotics and mechanical circulatory devices as clinically indicated.