tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recruitment maneuvers in the presence of pulmonary hypertension: Cardiorespiratory effects during experimental acute lung injury
Authors: Camille Doras, Morgan Le Guen, Ferenc Peták, Walid Habre
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background-  Recruitment maneuvers (RM) are meant to restore alveolar surface for gas exchange. However pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and acute lung injury (ALI) may compromise the respiratory efficiency of RM and worsen their hemodynamic effects.   Objectives-  To evaluate how the presence of PHT and ALI affects cardiorespiratory functions during RM   Methods-  Control and crotaline-induced PHT rabbits were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated (positive end expiratory pressure PEEP 3 cmH 2 O, target tidal volume 6 mL/kg). Forced oscillatory respiratory mechanics, systemic and right ventricular hemodynamics and blood gas analysis were assessed before and after RM (27 cmH 2 O above PEEP for 5 s, 3 times every 10 s), under basal conditions and following the induction of ALI by repeated lung lavages.   Results-  Table summarizes cardiorespiratory changes induced by RM. Whereas RM worsened the effect of PHT on the right ventricular end diastolic pressure, neither cardiac index nor stroke work were compromised. RM improved significantly elastance and arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) in all groups and conditions, except in control ALI animals. In the latter, RM significantly decreased venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2 ).   Conclusion-  RM did not affect cardiac work and output regardless of conditions. Moreover in concomitant ALI, PHT somehow counteracted the deleterious effects of RM on elastance and SvO 2 .
Instability of Ocular Alignment in Childhood Esotropia
Authors: Christiansen Sp, Chandler Dl, Holmes Jm, Arnold Rw, Birch E, Dagi Lr, Hoover Dl, Klimek Dl, Melia Bm, Paysse E, Repka Mx, Suh Dw, Ticho Bh, Wallace Dk, Weaver Rg
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Protection of C58 Mice by Normal Murine Tissues Against Transplantable Leukemia, Line I&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ihn H. Han, Arthur G. Johnson, William H. Murphy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Allogeneic, normal mouse tissues exerted a protective effect in C58 mice against lethal challenge with line lb leukemic cells. The factor responsible for protection was present in homogenates of spleen, lymph node, thymus, and liver of BALB/wm, DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J strains. All these mice are negative for the Gross virus antigen (G−). A much lower degree of protection was found when similar tissue homogenates from the AKR, G + strain of mice were used, and no protection was exerted by syngeneic C58 tissue homogenates. The protective factor was found mainly in the mitochondrial-rich fraction when spleen cells from normal BALB/wm mice were fractionated, and was resistant to deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease, but sensitive to heat and trypsin. Passive protection could be conferred by spleen cells removed from immune C58 mice and transferred to normal, syngeneic C58/wm mice. Protection occurred if C58/wm mice were challenged with lb cells as early as 30 minutes after injection of normal BALB/wm tissue homogenate, and persisted for several months, but it could not be induced in irradiated C58/wm mice. The data suggested that the protective effect was due to active immunization induced by an antigen on certain normal mouse tissues which cross-reacted with line lb leukemic cells.
Within-breath specific gas volume variations (ΔSVg) assessed by four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) in lung tumor patients
Authors: Francesca Pennati, Caterina Salito, Aurora Fassi, Guido Baroni, Andrea Aliverti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

ΔSVg between different lung volumes reliably estimate regional lung function (Salito et al, Radiology 2009). Here we assessed with voxel-resolution within-breath ΔSVg from 4D-CT images in 5 tumor patients. Each breathing phase (1 to 9) of the 4D-CT dataset was registered onto the reference (phase 0, i.e. end inspiration) using the Demons algorithm and subtracted from it in terms of SVg. Mean value of ΔSVg in lower (LL) and upper (UL) lobes were computed in both healthy (H) and tumor (T) lung. In H mean ΔSVg was significantly different between UL and LL (p  In conclusion: 1) ΔSVg maps applied to 4D-CT provide information about within-breath gas distribution in the lung; 2) in H there is higher ΔSVg in UL; 3) the presence of the tumor modifies ΔSVg distribution; 4) heterogeneous ΔSVg distribution suggests that areas with normal function could be identified as organs at risk during radiotherapy treatment planning.  Acknowledgments: Cancer Center Leon Berard, France  Funded by Fondazione U. Veronesi, Italy.
Incidence of lung cancer in smokers with and without COPD: Observational study
Authors: Virginia Moya, Ana Boldova, Elena Forcen, Elisa Minchole, Jose María Marín
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Population-based studies suggest that COPD increases the risk of lung cancer(LC) among smokers.  The aim is to evaluate the influence of COPD in smokers compared to smokers,without comorbidities (Charlson index = 0) in the incidence of LC. Methods: This is an observational prospective cohort study of 596 smokers, 298 without and 298 with COPD(GOLD criteria).We included all patients that all smoke > 15 pack / year without comorbidities (Charlson index = 0) except for COPD.Results: 298 subjects with COPD were smokers and 298 were smokers without COPD. Regarding smoking 42.3% were current smokers at the time of diagnosis and 57.7% were former smokers. Among non-COPD smokers, 4 patients died of a lung cancer(1.3%).Among 33 smokers COPD had a lung cancer(11.1%). Both data were compared by the χ 2 test (p   When calculating the survival curves depending on the severity of COPD and LC incidence, It shows that a lower severity of illness is also associated with an increased risk of lung cancer  Conclusions: COPD increases the risk of developing LC among smokers, regardless of other risk factors A lower severity of illness is also associated with an increased risk of LC.
Chest wall kinematics during different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in cystic fibrosis children
Authors: Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi, Silvia Brilhante, Melissa Gurgel, Rencio Florencio, Karen Soares, Fernando Augustos Lavezzo Dias, Vanessa Resqueti, Armele de Fátima Dornelas de Andrade
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To study the effects of different levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on compartmental chest volumes.

Methods: Twelve patients with CF (12±2.7 years; FEV1/FVC%:81.3%±6.6 and FEV1%:69±12) and ten age-matched healthy subjects (control group-CG); 11±1.8 years) with normal lung function. Both groups were evaluated by Optoelectronic Plethysmography in 3 minutes of quite breathing (QB), 3 minutes breathing against 3 levels of PEEP, 10 cmH2O, 15 cmH2O and 20 cmH2O.

Results: Both groups were similar during QB. Intergroup analyses shown that tidal volume of chest wall was different between CF and CG at PEEP10 (Vtcw=0.486±0.180L vs 0.920±0.500L,p=0.0236; respectively) and at PEEP20 (Vtcw=0.511±0.170L vs. 0.996±0.430L, p=0.0005; respectively). We found differences in respiratory rate between groups at PEEP15 (RR=42.1±17.1 bpm vs RR= 22±6.74,p=0.006), and PEEP20 (RR=37.2±19.3 vs 20.3±8.17,p=0.034). CF intragroup analyses shown that Vtcw increased significantly in all levels of PEEP compared to QB (Vtcw=0.286±0.079L vs PEEP10= 0.487±0.181L vs PEEP15=0.515±0.21L and PEEP20=0.512±0.177L, p<0.001), but no differences were found between PEEPs levels. End expiratory lung volume increase in CF group during PEEP20 in comparison to QB (Veecw=10.2±3.24L vs 10.7±3.58L, p<0.001), end inspiratory lung volume increase in all levels of PEEP when compared to QB (Veicw=10.5±3.26L vs PEEP10=11±3.46L, PEEP15=11±3.49L and PEEP20=11.2±3.6L, p<0.05).

Conclusion: The use of PEEP10 and PEEP20 induced different changes in chest wall volumes in CF and CG. All levels of PEEPs improve chest wall volumes in CF children's.
A new sensitive panel for in vivo monitoring of mast cell activation in urine samples
Authors: Johan Bood, Johan Kolmert, Theo Gülen, Ingrid Delin, Craig Wheelock, Barbro Dahlén, Gunnar Nilsson, Sven-Erik Dahlén
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Mast cells are activated in asthma and mast cell activating syndromes (MAS) such as systemic mastocytosis and chronic urticaria. Serum tryptase is used clinically for diagnosis of MAS. The urinary excretion of the prostaglandin (PG) D 2  metabolite 11β-PGF 2  α  is established as a sensitive marker of mast cell activation in trigger-factor evoked airway obstruction. More recently, another PGD 2  metabolite, tetranor-PGDM has been identified as the major metabolite in urine. Moreover, a new selective LC/MS method for measurement of the major urinary histamine metabolite 1-methyl-4-midazoleacetic acid ( t -MIAA) has been introduced (Kolmert et al Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014). We therefore compared baseline urinary excretion of metabolites of PGD 2  and histamine with measurement of serum (S)tryptase.  Methods: Urine and blood collected from 9 healthy volunteers, 11 asthmatics (A), 6 subjects with chronic urticaria (CU),and 19 patients with mastocystosis (MC), all being stable at the time of collection. Analysis of 11β-PGF 2  α  and tetranor-PGDM were made using both a routine enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and UPLC-MS/MS (Balgoma et al Anal Chem 2013),  t -MIAA according to Kolmert et al, and serum-tryptase by EIA at the hospital laboratory.  Results: The majority of patients with MC exhibited high levels of all urinary mediators as compared to healthy volunteers; 1.5-30 fold increases. In contrast, serum-tryptase was only increased in some patients diagnosed with MC and there was no significant alteration of the urinary metabolites among the asthmatic patients.  Conclusion: The data support that baseline urinary excretion of lipid and histamine metabolites are sensitive non-invasive markers of mast cell activation.
Loss of Heterozygosity at 1p36 Independently Predicts for Disease Progression But Not Decreased Overall Survival Probability in Neuroblastoma Patients: A Children’s Cancer Group Study
Authors: John M. Maris, Matthew J. Weiss, Chun Guo, Robert B. Gerbing, Daniel O. Stram, Peter S. White, Michael D. Hogarty, Erik P. Sulman, Patricia M. Thompson, John N. Lukens, Katherine K. Matthay, Robert C. Seeger, Garrett M. Brodeur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine the independent prognostic significance of 1p36 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a representative group of neuroblastoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Diagnostic tumor specimens from 238 patients registered onto the most recent Children’s Cancer Group phase III clinical trials were assayed for LOH with 13 microsatellite polymorphic markers spanning chromosome band 1p36. Allelic status at 1p36 was correlated with other prognostic variables and disease outcome. RESULTS: LOH at 1p36 was detected in 83 (35%) of 238 neuroblastomas. There was a correlation of 1p36 LOH with age at diagnosis greater than 1 year (P = .026), metastatic disease (P &lt; .001), elevated serum ferritin level (P &lt; .001), unfavorable histopathology (P &lt; .001), and MYCN oncogene amplification (P &lt; .001). LOH at 1p36 was associated with decreased event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) probabilities (P &lt; .0001). For the 180 cases with single-copy MYCN, 1p36 LOH status was highly correlated with decreased EFS (P = .0002) but not OS (P = .1212). Entering 1p36 LOH into a multivariate regression model suggested a trend toward an independent association with decreased EFS (P = .0558) but not with decreased OS (P = .3687). Furthermore, allelic status at 1p36 was the only prognostic variable that was significantly associated with decreased EFS in low-risk neuroblastoma patients (P = .0148). CONCLUSION: LOH at 1p36 is independently associated with decreased EFS, but not OS, in neuroblastoma patients. Determination of 1p36 allelic status may be useful for predicting which neuroblastoma patients with otherwise favorable clinical and biologic features are more likely to have disease progression.
Validation of raised serum bicarbonate for diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Vladimir Macavei, Kristofer Spurling, Himender Makker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  The need for early detection of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) is clear because delay in the diagnosis and treatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.   Objective:  To validate previously reported raised serum bicarbonate of 27 mmol/l for the diagnosis of OHS in obese patients attending sleep clinic.   Methods:  A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected sleep clinic data on consecutive obese patients referred to sleep clinic from January 2009 to January 2011 to the North Middlesex University Hospital was performed. Subjects with suspected sleep disorders were evaluated according to our clinic protocol and capillary blood gases were measured in obese subjects (BMI> 30 kg/m2).   Results:  525 consecutive patients (mean age 51.44±12.7, 65.71% males, mean BMI 34.59±8.1) were evaluated. A total of 344 (65.52%) were obese (mean age 52.29±12.4, 63.66% males) of which 128 (37.2%) were morbidly obese (BMI>40 kg/m2). 275 (79.94%) obese patients were found to have OSAHS (AHI >5 +symptoms) with mean AHI 32.6±23.9 and ESS 11.7±5.8 and OHS was present in 71 (20.63%) with mean pCO2-6.9±1.1 kPa and HCO3-28.19±2.5 mmol/l. Using a previously suggested serum bicarbonate cutoff value of 27 mmol/l, logistic regression analysis showed serum bicarbonate > 27 mmol had 85% sensitivity and 90% specificity for diagnosis of OHS.   Conclusion:  OHS is common (20.63%) in obese patients attending sleep clinic and a raised serum bicarbonate more than 27 mmol/l is a good predictor for diagnosis of OHS in our obese sleep clinic population.
Endurance time is the most sensitive exercise measurement for evaluating pulmonary rehabilitation efficacy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shinichi Arizono, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Tomoki Kimura, Kensuke Kataoka, Tomoya Ogawa, Fumiko Watanabe, Jun Hirasawa, Kazuyuki Tabira
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Study objective:  Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been reported useful for improving exercise capacity and HRQoL in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is unknown which exercise measurements are more suitable for evaluating PR efficacy in IPF patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the characteristics of five exercise measurements in evaluating the efficacy of PR in IPF patients.   Methods:  We performed a case-control study in which 53 IPF patients were divided into the PR group and the control group (C group). The PR group underwent the 10-weeks PR program involving exercise training and muscle training. The C group was no intervention for 10-weeks. Five exercise measurements (endurance time by constant load ergometry test, peak work rate and peak VO 2  by incremental load ergometry test, the distance of 6 minutes walking test (6MWD) and incremental shuttle walking test (ISWD)) were evaluated at baseline and following 10-weeks after.   Results:  In each group, 24 patients were completed five exercise measurements at baseline and following 10-weeks after. Lung function data and exercise capacity in baseline were no difference between two groups. In the PR group, endurance time, peak work rate, 6MWD and ISWD were improved significantly after 10-weeks (p 2  was not improved. In the control group, all five measurements remained unchanged. In the PR group, endurance time was the most sensitive for improvement rate among five measurements.   Conclusions:  PR improves exercise capacity and endurance time is the most sensitive exercise measurement for evaluating PR efficacy in IPF patients.
Clinical relevance of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled onto the Italian Cooperative Rhabdomyosarcoma Study RMS88.
Authors: L De Zen, A Sommaggio, E S d'Amore, L Masiero, L C di Montezemolo, A Linari, E Madon, C Dominici, S Bosco, G Bisogno, M Carli, V Ninfo, G Basso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Evaluation of the possible clinical relevance of DNA ploidy and proliferative activity assessed as S-phase fraction (SPF) in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on 59 RMS patients enrolled onto the ICS-RMS88 protocol (seven botryoid, 35 embryonal, and 17 alveolar RMS), for which formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue was available. Nuclear suspensions for cytometric investigation were obtained using a mechanical disaggregation. Tumors were distinguished according to their DNA index (DI) value as follows: diploid (0.9 &lt; DI &lt; 1.1), hyperdiploid (1.1 &lt; or = DI &lt; 1.8 or DI &gt; or = 2.2), and tetraploid (1.8 &lt; or = DI &lt; 2.2); for analysis of SPF, a cutoff value of 14% was used. RESULTS DNA histograms were diploid in 19 (33%) cases, hyperdiploid in 29 (49%), and tetraploid in 10 (32%). One patient showed both a hyperdiploid and a tetraploid peak. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate by ploidy status was 73% in hyperdiploid patients as compared with 33% and 25% in diploid and tetraploid patients, respectively (P = .0012). A striking difference emerged when the 5-year OS for the combined diploid and tetraploid RMS groups was compared with survival of the hyperdiploid RMS group: 30% versus 73%, respectively (P = .0006). In addition, the SPF was prognostically relevant: 5-year OS by SPF less than or greater than 14% was 70% and 36%, respectively (P = .009). Multivariate analysis confirmed the importance of DNA content (P = .0006) and SPF (P = .034) in predicting survival. CONCLUSION These findings confirm that ploidy and SPF are important new prognostic factors that are able to identify selected groups of patients at high risk of treatment failure, even if the tumor's presentation is favorable according to standard criteria.
Effect of BeG (lice Strain) on Primary Sensitization to 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene and on Established Delayed Hypersensitivity in Human Malignant Melanoma2
Authors: G. M. Mavligit, J. U. Gutterman, E. M. Hersh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Studies of primary sensitization and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene (ONCB) and recall antigens were conducted in 71 patients with melanoma who were receiving BCG (Tice strain) immunotherapy by scarification. Similar studies were conducted in 32 control patients with melanoma who did not receive BCG. No significant differences were observed, in the various clinical stages, between patients receiving and those not receiving BCG, in terms of the frequency or intensity of primary sensitization to DNCB. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in delayed hypersensitivity to recall antigens between these groups of patients. The apparent discrepancy between the clinical benefit from BCG immunotherapy and its failure to stimulate certain parameters of cellular immunity in patients with melanoma is discussed.
Clinical utility of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and adenosine deaminase determinations in adult leukemia with a lymphoid phenotype.
Authors: E Brusamolino, P Isernia, M Lazzarino, I Scovassi, U Bertazzoni, C Bernasconi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

A prospective study was done to assess the clinical utility of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) assays in adult leukemia with a lymphoid phenotype. The study population consisted of 58 patients with adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at onset, 12 with lymphoblastic lymphoma, 15 with acute unclassifiable leukemia (AUL), and 30 with lymphoid or mixed acute phase of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph' +) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). TdT was present in all cases of T-ALL, in 90% of non-T, non-B ALL, and absent in B-ALL; the ADA activity was significantly higher (P less than .01) in T-ALL. TdT was found in 75% of lymphoblastic lymphomas, in 78% of lymphoid, and in 50% of mixed CML transformations; higher ADA activity correlated with TdT positivity in AUL and CML blastic transformations (P less than .001). TdT-positive ALL had a better chance of response to therapy than TdT-negative ALL (P less than 0.01), but survival was not statistically different. TdT was undetectable in the peripheral blood of patients with ALL in complete remission and within the normal range in bone marrow (0.1%-8% of nucleated cells); median ADA activity was as in control subjects. Relapsing ALL patients had TdT and ADA enzymatic activities as before therapy; TdT immunofluorescence test (IF) was positive in 69% of bone marrow and in 100% of CNS relapses. Twenty percent of TdT-positive ALL at onset became TdT-negative in bone marrow at relapse. TdT IF test was instrumental in detecting meningeal leukemia but neither TdT nor ADA could be used as indicators of complete remission or impending relapse because TdT-positive cells were present in normal marrows and wide fluctuations of TdT IF values and of ADA activity were observed in remission.
P-323 Cisplatin plus capeitabine (CisCape) and radiotherapy (RT) for the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer: final update of previously reported data
Authors: V. Formica, L. Martano, A. Nardecchia, I. Portarena, M. Benassi, E. Guidice, G. Del Vecchio Blanco, E. Mannisi, L. Franceschilli, P. Sileri, M. Roselli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Unacceptable variation in abdominoperineal excision rates for rectal cancer: a surgeon's response.
Authors: M D Clarke
Journal: Gut (2009)

We thank Mr Clarke for his interest in our paper and the important data from his unit demonstrating how tumour height influences the formation of permanent stomas. As we stated in the paper, we agree strongly with his assertion that a key determinant in the type of operation used will be the heights of the tumours. Unfortunately, no national data are currently available to enable us to incorporate this factor into our analyses but, given the potential impact of this variable on our results, we have sought to investigate this problem further.

The Royal College of Pathologists states that the distance of the tumour from the dentate line should be recorded as part of the minimum dataset reported for every abdominoperineal excision (APE) specimen. Free text histopathology reports are returned to the Northern …
First-in-Man Experience of a Novel Transcatheter Repair System for Treating Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Francisco Campelo-Parada, Gidon Perlman, François Philippon, Jian Ye, Christopher Thompson, Elisabeth Bédard, Omar Abdul-Jawad Altisent, Maria Del Trigo, Jonathon Leipsic, Philipp Blanke, Danny Dvir, Rishi Puri, John G. Webb, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)