tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fortnightly Review: Concensus on diagnosis and management of primary antibody deficiencies
Authors: H M Chapel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

#### Summary points Primary antibody deficiency syndromes include congenital and acquired antibody deficiencies but not those secondary to other diseases such as myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, or protein losing enteropathy. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was the diagnosis usually given to patients with low serum immunoglobulin concentrations without an identifiable cause, b t these patients are more accurately described as having primary antibody deficiency. There is a range of primary antibody defects (box),1 though the clinical significance of some subgroups has been recognised only recently.*RF 2-4* Types of primary antibody deficiencies
The process of criminal commitment for pretrial psychiatric examination: an evaluation
Authors: Jeffrey L. Geller, Eric D. Lister
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors examined the records for 1975 of 87 pretrial commitments to Worcester State Hospital under a 1971 revision of the Massachusetts law regarding such commitments. They also compiled statistics on all admissions to the hospital for 1966-1975. They found that only 2 of the 87 pretrial commitments resulted in a final court disposition of commitment and that pretrial commitments increased during 1972-1975 in contrast to a decrease in other kinds of admissions. On the basis of these findings the authors suggest that serious attention be paid to arguments that pretrial commitment serves to control and sequester deviants. Dr. Alan A. Stone comments on the authors' presentation.
Abstract 14304: Candesartan Cilexetil Prevents Cardiac Electrical Remodeling and Calcium Handling Abnormalities in Pressure-Overloaded Rats
Authors: Gwo-Jyh Chang, Yu-Shien Ko, Wei-Jan Chen, Yung-Hsin Yeh, Shi-Han Ueng, Shang-Yu Tsai, Hsiao-Yu Li
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with abnormal ventricular electrophysiology and increased arrhythmia risk. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers were shown to regress th...
Abstract 3033: Beating-Heart Closure of Atrial Septal Defects with Complex Geometry: Real-time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography-Guided Hybrid Approach
Authors: Nikolay V Vasilyev, Joseph F Martinez, Franz P Freudenthal, Kardiozentrum La Paz, Bolivia, Gerald R Marx, Ivan S Salgo, Pedro J del Nido
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Application of transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) is limited by defect geometry and need for over-sizing to ensure complete closure. We have developed a cathete...
Zoledronate, Fractures, and Mortality after Hip Fracture
Authors: Cesar A Lopez, Zahra Tasneem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

_To the Editor:_  
The increased use of composite end points in clinical studies makes it harder for clinicians to translate the findings into treatment decisions. The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence with Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly (HORIZON) Recurrent Fracture Trial, reported by Lyles et al. (Nov. 1 issue) is no exception.  
In this study, the primary end point was new clinical fractures, which included burdensome but relatively less severe fractures, such as vertebral fractures, and potentially life-threatening hip fractures.
A New Prognostic Score Supporting Treatment Allocation for Multimodality Therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Isabelle Opitz, Martina Friess, Peter Kestenholz, Didier Schneiter, Thomas Frauenfelder, Thi Dan Linh Nguyen-Kim, Burkhardt Seifert, Mir Alireza Hoda, Walter Klepetko, Rolf A. Stahel, Walter Weder
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Abstract 16049: PKA Phosphorylation Regulates Frataxin Mitochondrial Targeting in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Cinzia Perrino, Gabriele G Schiattarella, Gianluigi Pironti, Marta Apicella, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Federica Ilardi, Fabio Magliulo, Angela Maria Acquaviva, Giovanni Esposito
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Frataxin (Fr) is a mitochondrial protein whose genetic deficiency causes ataxia often associated with pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. Recently, phosphorylation sites for cAMP-...
Abstract 14826: Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings in the Lesions After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation With Peri-stent Contrast Staining
Authors: Takeshi Tada, Kazushige Kadota, Shunsuke Kubo, Masatomo Ozaki, Mitsuru Yoshino, Koshi Miyake, Haruki Eguchi, Noriyuki Ohashi, Yuki Hayakawa, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Seiji Habawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Naoki Oka, Harumi Kato, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazushige Mitsudo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Coronary aneurysm after stent implantation is known as one of the risk factors for stent thrombosis. At follow-up coronary angiography, we sometimes noted abnormal angiographic coronary...
Abstract 16908: Contact-force Controlled Catheter Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Leads to Better Acute Results in Lesion Formation
Authors: Liliana Stefan, Tom De Potter, Peter Peychtev, Eduardo Celentano, Peter Geelen
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purposes: Contact-force (CF) measurement may increase the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) ablations in humans by allowing better control of the lesion size. The aim of this study is to compare...
Effect Of Deferasirox On Reactive Species Of Oxygen (ROS) Production In Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Up Or Down?
Authors: Tiziana Tataranni, Francesca Agriesti, Carmela Mazzoccoli, Vitalba Ruggieri, Fiorella D'Auria, Franca Falzetti, Mauro Di Ianni, Pellegrino Musto, Nazzareno Capitanio, Claudia Piccoli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Vital Signs: Drinking and Driving Among High School Students Aged ≥16 Years—United States, 1991-2011
Authors: Ruth A Shults, Emily O'Malley Olsen
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Even though every state prohibits persons less than 21 years of age from driving with any measurable amount of blood alcohol, many young persons still drink and drive. In addition, fatal crash data indicate that most teen drivers with positive (>0.00%) blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) who are involved in fatal crashes have BACs ≥0.08%, the level designated as illegal for adult drivers. The CDC analyzed data from the 1991–2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) to describe the trend in prevalence of drinking and driving (defined as driving one or more times when they had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days before the survey) among U.S. high school students aged ≥16 years. The 2011 national YRBS data were used to describe selected subgroup differences in drinking and driving, and 2011 state YRBSs data were used to describe drinking and driving prevalence in 41 states. During 1991–2011, the national prevalence of self-reported drinking and driving among high school students aged ≥16 years declined by 54%, from 22.3% to 10.3%. In 2011, 84.6% of students who drove after drinking also binge drank. Drinking and driving prevalence varied threefold across 41 states, from 4.6% in Utah to 14.5% in North Dakota; higher prevalences were clustered among states in the upper Midwest and along the Gulf Coast. Although substantial progress has been made during the past 2 decades to reduce drinking and driving among teens, in 2011, one in 10 students aged ≥16 years reported driving after drinking during the past 30 days. Most students who drove after drinking alcohol also binge drank. Effective interventions to reduce drinking and driving among teens include enforcement of minimum legal drinking age laws, zero tolerance laws (i.e., no alcohol consumption allowed before driving for persons aged <21 years), and graduated driver licensing systems.
Incidence and Clinical Correlates of Ruptured Plaques in Saphenous Vein Grafts
Authors: Jerzy Pregowski, Pawel Tyczynski, Gary S. Mintz, Sang-Wook Kim, Adam Witkowski, Ron Waksman, Augusto Pichard, Lowell Satler, Kenneth Kent, Mariusz Kruk, Szymon Bieganski, Patrick Ohlmann, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Will the robot take over endoscopy?
Authors: Zheng Li, Philip Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The performance of an endoscopy typically involves the introduction by an endoscopist of a flexible endoscopic system into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [1]. A conventional endoscope is composed of a flexible shaft, a bending section, and a control body. During the endoscopy procedure, the endoscope is inserted with the aim of achieving a complete examination of the GI tract through manipulating the flexible shaft and steering the bending section using knobs on the control body that are moved by the endoscopist. Skillful insertion of a colonoscope, which will certainly reduce the discomfort felt by the patient, is typically dependent on adequate visualization of the GI lumen and haptic sensation in manipulating the colonoscope. Excessive force when manipulating the colonoscope can induce significant discomfort and may cause perforation.
Self-Care Confidence Mediates the Relationship Between Cognition and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: E Vellone, R Alvaro, R Fida, G Rocco, C Spatola, A Cocchieri, B Riegel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Confidence in the ability to perform self-care is a powerful predictor of behavior. Little is known about factors associated with HF self-care confidence. We hypothesized that subtle levels of cognitive impairment decrease self-care confidence and thereby impair HF self-care. The aim was to test the mediating role of self-care confidence in the relationship between cognition and self-care behaviors.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 628 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic HF. Participants were selected from 24 cardiovascular centers across Italy if they were >18 years old and stable for the past 3 months. Self-care maintenance, management and confidence were measured with the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI v.6.2) (0-100, higher score=better self-care). Cognition was measured with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE, 0-30, higher score=better cognition). Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating role of self-care confidence in the relationship between cognition and self-care maintenance and management.

Results: Participants were mean age 73 years (SD 11), 58% male, 77% NYHA class II/III, mean ejection fraction 43%. Self-care was poor (mean score range 53 to 55). Mean MMSE was 23 (SD 6.3) or slightly impaired. The specified model fit adequately: {chi}2(1) = 1.825, p=.18; CFI=1.00; TLI=.99; RMSEA=.036 (CI=.000 - .120), p=.47; SRMR=.012. Self-care confidence totally mediated the relationship between MMSE and self-care maintenance and partially mediated the relationship between MMSE and self-care management even though management was explained mostly by confidence and not MMSE (Figure).

Conclusion: One mechanism by which cognition influences self-care appears to be through its effect on self-care confidence. Interventions aimed at improving self-care confidence may be useful in improving HF self-care behaviors in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Abstract 16798: Impact of Very Low X-Ray Dose Levels on Imaging Quality in Electrophysiology Procedures
Authors: Felix Bourier, Alexander Brost, Isabel Deisenhofer, Christoph Kolb, Heribert Schunkert
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Fluoroscopy is the basic imaging modality in the electrophysiological (EP) laboratory. Since fluoroscopic systems are technically optimized for high-resolution angiography, there may be room for additional dose reduction in EP interventions not requiring detailed resolution. Aim of this study was to determine the minimal X-Ray dose necessary to achieve adequate imaging quality in EP procedures.   Material & Methods:  A phantom experiment was carried out involving a biplane angiography system and a realistic thoracic phantom. Standard EP catheters were placed inside the phantom heart. Detector entrance dose was varied from 6 nGy to 41 nGy per pulse. For each selected detector entrance dose, the tube voltage was varied from 70 kV to 125 kV. 8 EP specialists evaluated image quality. In addition a software algorithm using Gaussian noise was developed to simulate very low dose settings on clinical fluoroscopy images. These simulated very low dose clinical data were evaluated as well.   Results:  Our experiment yielded a relationship between detector entrance dose and maximum tube voltage for acceptable image quality (Fig. 1). Very low dose settings were simulated on fluoroscopic images of n=20 right-atrial and n=20 PVI procedures. Image quality was still sufficient in right-atrial procedures after X-Ray dose reduction of 74%, resp. 65% in PVI procedures, as compared to the currently available clinical EP low dose protocol.   Conclusions:  The lowest available clinical acquisition settings for EP procedures are operated at 23 nGy. Our findings suggest that a adequate image quality for normal-weight patients can be obtained at dose levels that are up to 74% lower than the current lowest settings. For obese patients, one may be able to save up to 57% of X-ray dose. In general a dose reduction of 74% seems possible for right-atrial procedures. Beyond the potential for dose savings, we also found that contrast visibility was still acceptable at tube voltages of up to 119 kV.
Abstract 16534: Contrast Enhanced CT and MRI Measures of Extracellular Volume Fraction Confirm Presence of Peri-Infarct Edema in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martin Ugander, Marcus Y Chen, Billy Chen, Paul S Bagi, Li-Yueh Hsu, Peter Kellman, Andrew E Arai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

INTRODUCTION: The presence of peri-infarct edema as a marker of the area at risk has been controversial since some gadolinium-enhanced studies do not seem to show expected enhancement of edema. Myo...
Abstract 9723: Calcium Loading Induces a PKC Isoform Switch That Activates Constitutive Acetylcholine Regulated Potassium Current in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Remodeling
Authors: Samy Makary, Ange Maguy, Niels Voigt, Dobromir Dobrev, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: AF causes atrial tachycardia remodeling (ATR), with enhanced constitutive acetylcholine regulated K + current (I KAChc ) contributing to ATR-induced APD shortening and AF promotion. The present study examined the mechanisms underlying I KAChc activation; based on preliminary evidence for an essential role of phosphorylation, we evaluated the participation of protein kinase C (PKC). Methods: Cultured dog atrial cardiomyocytes in vitro tachypaced (TP) at 3 Hz for 24 hours were compared to parallel 1 Hz paced cells and cells from ATR dogs (paced in vivo at 400 bpm x 1 week). I KAChc single channel activity was assessed in cell attached and cell free (I-O) patches. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot. Results: In vitro TP for 24 hours activated I KAChc (Fig A), mimicking effects of in vivo ATR. The classical PKC isoform PKCα inhibited, whereas the novel isoform PKCε enhanced, I KAChc when applied to the intracellular side of I-O patches. TP and ATR downregulated PKCα (by 33, 37% respectively) and caused membrane translocation of PKCε, switching PKC-predominance to the stimulatory novel isoform. TP increased [Ca 2+ ] i at 2 hours by 30% (Fig B), with subsequent return to baseline at 24 hrs. Ca 2+ activates calpain, which breaks down proteins. Decreasing calpain activity during TP with PD150606 (20 µM) prevented TP enhancement of I KAChc (Fig C). Decreasing [Ca 2+ ] i during TP with BAPTA-AM (1 µM), a cell permeable Ca 2+ chelator, also prevented TP-enhancement of I KAChc (Fig D). Both PD150606 and BAPTA-AM prevented downregulation of PKCα protein expression by TP. Exposure of TP cells to a PKCε inhibitor (Fig E) suppressed TP-induced I KAChc activation, whereas a PKCα inhibitor (Fig F) enhanced I KAChc activity in 1 Hz cells. Conclusions: Rate-related [Ca 2+ ] i loading due to ATR causes a PKC isoform switch, with downregulation of inhibitory PKCα and membrane translocation (activation) of stimulatory PKCε, which enhances I KAChc causing APD shortening and AF promotion.
Stenting in small coronary arteries (SISCA) trial
Authors: Rasmus Moer, Yngvar Myreng, Per Mølstad, Per Albertsson, Pål Gunnes, Bo Lindvall, Rune Wiseth, Kjetil Ytre-Arne, John Kjekshus, Svein Golf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Amelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by glycine
Authors: D C Javitt, I Zylberman, S R Zukin, U Heresco-Levy, J P Lindenmayer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Phencyclidine induces a psychotomimetic state by blocking neurotransmission at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion, 14 medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia were treated with glycine, a potentiator of NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Significant improvement in negative symptoms occurred in the group given glycine but not in the group given placebo, suggesting that potentiation of NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission may represent an effective treatment for neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric morbidity after Hurricane Andrew
Authors: T A Mellman, D David, R Kulick-Bell, J Hebding, B Nolan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Sleep disturbance is an important dimension of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but most of the limited available data were obtained years after the original traumatic event. This study provides information on sleep disturbance and its relationship to posttraumatic morbidity from evaluations done within a year after the trauma.Sleep and psychiatric symptoms of 54 victims (12 men and 42 women) of Hurricane Andrew who had no psychiatric illness in the 6 months before the hurricane were evaluated. A subset of hurricane victims with active psychiatric morbidity (N = 10) and nine comparison subjects who were unaffected by the hurricane were examined in a sleep laboratory.A broad range of sleep-related complaints were rated as being greater after the hurricane, and psychiatric morbidity (which was most commonly PTSD, followed by depression) had a significant effect on most of the subjective sleep measures. In addition, subjects with active morbidity endorsed greater frequencies of "bad dreams" and general sleep disturbances before the hurricane. Polysomnographic results for the hurricane victims revealed a greater number of arousals and entries into stage 1 sleep. REM density correlated positively with both the PTSD symptom of reexperiencing trauma and global distress.Subjects affected by Hurricane Andrew reported sleep disturbances, particularly those subjects with psychiatric morbidity. Tendencies to experience bad dreams and interrupted sleep before a trauma appear to mark vulnerability to posttraumatic morbidity. Results of sleep laboratory evaluations suggested brief shifts toward higher arousal levels during sleep for PTSD subjects and a relationship of REM phasic activity and symptom severity.
Abstract 5860: Among Subjects With Nocturnal Hypertension Dipping Sub-classification Carries No Additional Prognostic Importance
Authors: Dimitris Syrseloudis, Costas Tsioufis, Ioannis Andrikou, Anastasia Mazaraki, Eirini Andrikou, Dimitris Chatzis, Dimitris Tsiachris, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: Both nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping status have been associated with increased rates of target organ damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Their relative prognostic impo...
Blood Biomarkers of Late Pregnancy Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Fetal Growth Measures and Gestational Age in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Wen-Cheng Cao, Qiang Zeng, Yan Luo, Hai-Xia Chen, Dong-Yue Miao, Li Li, Ying-Hui Cheng, Min Li, Fan Wang, Ling You, Yi-Xin Wang, Pan Yang, Wen-Qing Lu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background:Previous studies have suggested that elevated exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water during gestation may result in adverse birth outcomes. However, the findings of these studies remain inconclusive.Objective:The purpose of our study was to examine the association between blood biomarkers of late pregnancy exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water and fetal growth and gestational age.Methods:We recruited 1,184 pregnant women between 2011 and 2013 in Wuhan and Xiaogan City, Hubei, China. Maternal blood THM concentrations, including chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM), were measured as exposure biomarkers during late pregnancy. We estimated associations with gestational age and fetal growth indicators [birth weight, birth length, and small for gestational age (SGA)].Results:Total THMs (TTHMs; sum of TCM, BDCM, DBCM, and TBM) were associated with lower mean birth weight (–60.9 g; 95% CI: –116.2, –5.6 for the highest vs. lowest tertile; p for trend = 0.03), and BDCM and DBCM exposures were associated with smaller birth length (e.g., –0.20 cm; 95% CI: –0.37, –0.04 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of DBCM; p for trend = 0.02). SGA was increased in association with the second and third tertiles of TTHMs (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.32, 6.42 and OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.03; p for trend = 0.08).Conclusions:Our results suggested that elevated maternal THM exposure may adversely affect fetal growth.Citation:Cao WC, Zeng Q, Luo Y, Chen HX, Miao DY, Li L, Cheng YH, Li M, Wang F, You L, Wang YX, Yang P, Lu WQ. 2016. Blood biomarkers of late pregnancy exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and fetal growth measures and gestational age in a Chinese cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:536–541; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409234