tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Warren F. McPherson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Cubital Tunnel Syndrome" has several obvious flaws. The first is that no real comparison is made in a statistical sense between clinical testing and the electromyographic testing. From reading some of these descriptions, I think that many of these cases are thoracic outlet syndromes. The second objection is that treatment for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow is, I think, generally accepted to be transposition of the nerve to the anterior surface of the extremity. Dr Clark obviously does not agree with that, but he does not compare the results of his surgery with the standard procedure, nor does he actually cite any results or follow-up procedures.
P471Site-specific shear stress-plaque severity relations by high axial resolution coronary profiling in an animal model of atherogenesis
Authors: G Pelosi, D Panetta, F Vozzi, F Viglione, N Filipovic, I Savelijc, T Exharcos, MG Trivella, O Parodi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Baseline low/oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS) is assumed to be a determinant of artery/site specificity of atherogenesis. However, different flow and plaque metrics, spatial resolution and imaging co-registration accuracy may lead to different results in correlating site-specific WSS values and lesion probability/size. In this study we compared, by high resolution histology-validated ex vivo microCT coronary profiling, baseline and end-diet maximal and mean WSS values averaged at 2 different axial thickness in a hypercholesterolemic swine model of atherogenesis.

Methods: In pigs on high fat diet, an IVUS catheter (20 MHz,100, 200 μm axial resolution, 5 mm penetration) has been advanced in distal left anterior descending artery (LAD), coronary Doppler flow velocity measured, and resulting 2D tomographic sections used to obtain 3D reconstruction for WSS estimate. WSS coronary profiling was obtained before and after 4 wks hypercholesterolemic diet.

En bloc formalin fixed LAD was analysed by micro-CT scanner at 57.4 μm3 voxel resolution (up to 1300 consecutive cross-sections) and then processed for histomorphometry. 3D curved multi-planar reformation (MPR), image segmentation and 3D volume rendering allowed registration between microCT and IVUS cross-sectional frames at 120-130 corresponding sites. Coronary profiling of slice-averaged maximal and mean values of baseline and end-diet WSS and microCT plaque area (LA) and maximal intimal thickness (IT), validated by histomorphometry, were compared.

Results: Statistically significant relations were found between 1. Plaque location and baseline WSS mean values at low resolution 2. Baseline WSS values and LA and IT of developed plaque at corresponding sites at low resolution 3. Baseline and end-diet diet mean and maximal WSS and LA(or IT) of mild/minimal intima changes (ATS initiation) at high resolution 4. End-diet maximal WSS values and plaque LA (or IT) at sites corresponding to the upstream slope of atheroma at high resolution.

Conclusions: These findings confirm the higher incidence of atherogenesis at lower WSS sites within a single artery also suggesting that in the hypercholesterolemic swine model of atherogenesis, at higher spatial resolution of co-registered sections, 1. the overall inverse correlation between baseline WSS and plaque location/size becomes weaker 2. significant opposite wall geometry-related correlations are evidenced at different stages of developed lesions.
Registering Clinical Trial Results
Authors: James Dabney Miller
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transcriptome-wide modulation of splicing by the exon junction complex
Authors: Zhen Wang, Valentine Murigneux, Hervé Le Hir
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background The exon junction complex (EJC) is a dynamic multi-protein complex deposited onto nuclear spliced mRNAs upstream of exon-exon junctions. The four core proteins, eIF4A3, Magoh, Y14 and MLN51, are stably bound to mRNAs during their lifecycle, serving as a binding platform for other nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Recent evidence has shown that the EJC is involved in the splicing regulation of some specific events in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. Results Here, we show that knockdown of EJC core proteins causes widespread alternative splicing changes in mammalian cells. These splicing changes are specific to EJC core proteins, as knockdown of eIF4A3, Y14 and MLN51 shows similar splicing changes, and are different from knockdown of other splicing factors. The splicing changes can be rescued by a siRNA-resistant form of eIF4A3, indicating an involvement of EJC core proteins in regulating alternative splicing. Finally, we find that the splicing changes are linked with RNA polymerase II elongation rates. Conclusion Taken together, this study reveals that the coupling between EJC proteins and splicing is broader than previously suspected, and that a possible link exists between mRNP assembly and splice site recognition.
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma is associated with strength and diversity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria stage-specific antigen antibody response
Authors: Peter Aka, Maria Candida Vila, Amar Jariwala, Francis Nkrumah, Benjamin Emmanuel, Masanori Yagi, Nirianne Marie Q. Palacpac, Maria V. Periago, Janet Neequaye, Christine Kiruthu, Takahiro Tougan, Paul H. Levine, Robert J. Biggar, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Kishor Bhatia, Toshihiro Horii, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Sam M. Mbulaiteye
Journal: Blood (2013)
Dermal oedema assessed by high frequency ultrasound in venous leg ulcers
Authors: None HU, None Phan, None Cherry, None Ryan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Oedema is considered a key pathogenic factor in the development of venous leg ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the localization of oedema in legs with ulcers. Twelve patients with 13 venous leg ulcers (one bilateral), with a duration of 7-18 months, were examined by high-frequency B-mode ultrasound scanner. This was performed at three sites in the leg (low, middle and upper sites of the lower leg). In the same group of patients, the legs without ulcers were used as controls. The echogenicity and the thickness of the whole dermis were quantified by digital image analysis; the echogenicities of the upper (papillary) and lower portions of the dermis were measured. In the upper site no significant difference was found between the legs with ulcers and controls. In the middle and low sites of legs with ulcers, the dermal echogenicities were 34% and 64% (P < 0.01) less than those in controls, and the dermal thicknesses were 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm (P < 0.01) thicker than those in controls, respectively. This indicated intradermal oedema existing in the lower part (gaiter area) of the legs with ulcers. The ratios of low echogenic pixels in the upper and lower portions of the dermis, in the middle and low sites of legs with ulcers, were 0.5 and 0.9 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), respectively, higher than those in controls, suggesting the papillary dermis as a preferential site of oedema formation. The present study demonstrates that in the low sites of legs with ulcers, a marked increase in oedema was seen in the papillary dermis. This may add to the understanding of the origin of leg ulcers in the gaiter area of the leg.
UK body calls on UN to allow therapeutic cloning
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Royal Society, the United Kingdom's national academy of science, has called on the United Nations to pass a resolution that bans reproductive cloning but allows carefully regulated therapeutic cloning when a UN committee meets this week to debate the issue.

The sixth committee of the United Nations, which agrees legal issues, met this week, after the BMJ went to press to consider two proposals on human cloning.

The first proposal, from Costa Rica, also supported by the United States, will recommend a complete ban on both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. A second proposal, from Belgium, is suggesting a ban on reproductive cloning but …
Use of Esophageal Gastric Tube Airway
Authors: Fred Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The article by Auerbach and Geehr on the respiratory effectiveness of the EGTA provides us with some interesting and needed data. However, as is too often the case in the medical literature, the authors have confounded their study design, done virtually meaningless statistical analyses, and then drawn unwarranted and premature conclusions from their work.  Determination of blood gas values taken immediately on the arrival of a patient in the emergency department after field insertion of an EGTA cannot be compared with blood gas values taken five minutes after emergency department insertion of an endotracheal tube (ETA). Not only will the results be confounded with respect to time, they will also be confounded with respect to variables other than the airway device. Field insertion of any airway is bound to be more difficult and associated with more complications than insertion of the same device in the emergency department.
Public Acceptance of the Neighborhood Health Center
Authors: Robert W. Christie
Journal: JAMA (1971)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— Bellin and Geiger's communication Actual Public Acceptance of the Neighborhood Health Center by the Urban Poor (214:2147, 1970) is a step in the direction of discrediting misconceptions regarding patient attitudes towards means of delivery of health care. However, two comments seem worthy of mention.The demand for health care has been demonstrated over and over again to be almost insatiable; therefore it is not surprising to find that neighborhood health centers have the overwhelming approval of consumers when (a) the facilities are indeed available and not just a promise, and (b) the services are free.At a time when everyone from consumer to the President of the United States is concerned about the cost of medical care, information concerning the total cost of the project and cost per capita of the population served would have been welcome.The future of neighborhood health centers eventually
cGMP-dependent protein kinase mediates stimulation of L-type calcium current by cGMP in rabbit atrial cells
Authors: Y Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: cGMP has been shown to exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cardiac L-type calcium current (ICa). The physiological role of cGMP in regulation of cardiac activity is still controversial. cGMP may be of importance in regulation of ICa in atrial cells. The present study was focused on the role of cGMP in the modulation of ICa in rabbit atrial cells. Methods: Enzymatically isolated adult rabbit atrial cells were used to measure ICa using whole cell voltage clamp. Expressed levels of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) were determined by Western blotting using PKG specific antibody in homogenates from atrial and ventricular cells. Results: Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor that stimulates soluble guanylyl-cyclase to elevate cGMP levels increased ICa while soluble G-cyclase inhibitors, ODQ or methylene blue inhibited ICa. Intracellular application of 8BrcGMP increased ICa and blocked the inhibitory effect of methylene blue. KT-5823, an inhibitor of PKG inhibited ICa and the stimulatory effect of GSNO was completely blocked ODQ or KT-5823. Inhibition of cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by the 6–22 peptide completely blocked the stimulation of ICa by the β-agonist isoproterenol but not by GSNO. The potency of isoproterenol to stimulate ICa was very high for atrial cells (EC50 2.4±0.6 nM) and only 100 nM isoproterenol was required to stimulate ICa maximally (21.4±0.7 pA/pF) to a level (23.8±1.6 pA/pF) achieved with the inclusion of 100 μM cAMP in the pipette solution. GSNO produced an additive effect on ICa already stimulated by either 10 μM isobutylmethylxanthine (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) or a low concentration (1 nM) isoproterenol but failed to produce any effect on ICa maximally stimulated by 100 nM isoproterenol. Inhibition of PKG by KT-5823 significantly decreased the efficacy of isoproterenol and the maximal ICa achieved with 100 nM isoproterenol was decreased to 8.2±0.6 pA/pF in the presence of KT-5823. Western blot analysis showed much higher expression of PKG in atrial cells compared to ventricular cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that stimulatory effects of cGMP on ICa in rabbit atrial cells are likely to be mediated via PKG dependent phosphorylation of calcium channels or associated proteins and that the effects of cGMP are not antagonistic to cAMP. PKG is highly expressed in atrial cells and PKG dependent phosphorylation may be necessary for maintaining basal ICa and fully stimulating ICa by β-adrenergic activation in atrial cells.
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in young adults. A placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Authors: T Hamazaki, S Sawazaki, M Itomura, E Asaoka, Y Nagao, N Nishimura, K Yazawa, T Kuwamori, M Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

41 students took either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich oil capsules containing 1.5-1.8 grams DHA/day (17 females and 5 males) or control oil capsules containing 97% soybean oil plus 3% fish oil (12 females and 7 males) for 3 mo in a double-blind fashion. They took a psychological test (P-F Study) and Stroop and dementia-detecting tests at the start and end of the study. The present study started at the end of summer vacation and ended in the middle of mental stress such as final exams. In the control group extraggression (aggression against others) in P-F Study was significantly increased at the end of the study as compared with that measured at the start (delta = +8.9%, P = 0.0022), whereas it was not significantly changed in the DHA group (delta = -1.0%). The 95% CI of differences between the DHA and control groups were -16.8 to -3.0%. DHA supplementation did not affect the Stroop and dementia-detecting tests. Thus, DHA intake prevented extraggression from increasing at times of mental stress. This finding might help understand how fish oils prevent disease like coronary heart disease.
Fluoxetine and Fibromyalgia
Authors: Douglas Howard Finestone
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac) is a new antidepressant characterized by selective inhibition of central nervous system neuronal up-take of serotonin.<sup>1</sup>Fibromyalgia is a common, chronic, rheumatologic pain disorder that may respond to antidepressant treatment.<sup>2</sup>Only one patient with fibromyalgia has been reported to have been treated successfully with fluoxetine.<sup>3</sup>We describe two additional patients. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 41-year-old woman was diagnosed in 1987 as having fibromyalgia by the criteria of Yunus et al.<sup>4</sup>Over the past 3 years, response to trials of trazodone hydrochloride, nortriptyline hydrochloride, and doxepin hydrochloride had been poor. One week after adding 20 mg of fluoxetine hydrochloride every other day to 25 mg of doxepin hydrochloride every evening, the patient reported markedly decreased pain and increased energy, as well as moderately improved sleep. Three months later, she has maintained improvement of her symptoms by taking 20 mg of fluoxetine hydrochloride
The vomiting baby
Authors: F L Cameron, R Hansen, A Abdelhadi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 7 day old baby, born at term, presented to the neonatal unit with a history of vomiting with each feed and 10% weight loss (birth weight 3270 g). The vomiting started soon after birth and it was described by the parents as being projectile; it occurred during or after feeds and was non-bilious. The baby was dehydrated on admission, with dry skin and mucous membranes, but was otherwise well. Clinical examination was otherwise unremarkable including no visible peristalsis and no masses palpable. The parents interacted appropriately with the baby and there were no causes for concern among the nursing or medical staff. Initial capillary blood gas analysis showed a metabolic alkalosis. ### Short answers
Phorbol ester and A23187 have additive but mechanistically separate effects on vasopressin action in rabbit collecting tubule.
Authors: Y Ando, H R Jacobson, M D Breyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and elevation of intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca++]i) result from phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) breakdown. We previously demonstrated that PKC activation inhibits arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced osmotic water flow in rabbit cortical collecting tubule (CCT) perfused in vitro at 37 degrees C. To estimate the potential significance of PIP2 turnover as a modulator of water transport in this nephron segment, we examined the effect of Ca on AVP action and explored the mechanisms of action of PKC and increased [Ca++]i. In rabbit CCTs perfused at 37 degrees C, pretreatment with bath A23187 (2 x 10(-8) M, 2 x 10(-6) M), a Ca ionophore, almost totally suppressed AVP (10 microU/ml)-induced peak hydraulic conductivity (Lp). The suppression by 2 x 10(-8) M A23187 was as potent as that by 2 x 10(-6) M A23187, and significant even when it was administered 10 min after AVP. When phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 10(-9) M), a PKC activator, and A23187 (2 x 10(-8) M) were placed in the bath simultaneously, the combined suppressive effect on peak Lp was greater than that of either inhibitor alone. However, the mechanisms of inhibition by PMA and A23187 were different. While both 10(-7) and 10(-9) M PMA suppression are primarily post-cAMP, A23187 predominantly suppressed a pre-cAMP step: 10(-4) M chlorophenylthio-cAMP-induced peak Lp was not affected by 2 x 10(-8) M A23187, and only partially inhibited by 2 x 10(-6) M A23187. The PMA (10(-7) M) suppression of AVP-induced peak Lp was totally reversed by bath staurosporine (10(-7) M), a PKC inhibitor, but not attenuated by either bath indomethacin (5 x 10(-6) M) or low Ca (1-2 x 10(-6) M) bath medium. In contrast, the A23187 (2 x 10(-8) M) suppression of the peak Lp was not affected by staurosporine, but was significantly reversed by indomethacin or low Ca bath medium. We conclude: (a) Elevation of [Ca++]i, as well as activation of PKC, suppresses the hydroosmotic effect of AVP on CCT at 37 degrees C. (b) When stimulated simultaneously these two intracellular mediators are additive in their antagonism of AVP action. These results suggest that stimulated PIP2 breakdown may be an important modulator of water transport in CCT. (c) Different mechanisms underlie PKC and Ca-mediated suppression of the AVP-induced water transport. The inhibition of AVP action by increased [Ca++]i is primarily pre-cAMP, and involves a cyclooxygenase metabolite(s) of arachidonic acid, while the inhibition by PKC is post-cAMP, and independent of cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN RELATION TO CHANGING HEART RATE DURING TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION: THE LIFE STUDY
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Darcy A. Hille, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Stevo Julius, Bjö;rn Dahlö;f, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effect of Frusemide on Pulmonary Blood Volume
Authors: M. L. Bhatia, I. Singh, S. C. Manchanda, P. K. Khanna, S. B. Roy
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Intracardiac frusemide given to seven patients recovering from high-altitude pulmonary oedema caused a significant reduction in the pulmonary blood volume before the onset of diuresis. This supports the suggestion that the mobilization of fluid from the pulmonary circuit is responsible for the relief of symptoms in some patients with pulmonary oedema even when a diuresis does not occur.
Enhancing DNA vaccine potency by coadministration of DNA encoding antiapoptotic proteins
Authors: Tae Woo Kim, Chien-Fu Hung, Morris Ling, Jeremy Juang, Liangmei He, J. Marie Hardwick, Sharad Kumar, T.-C. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Intradermal vaccination by gene gun efficiently delivers DNA vaccines into DCs of the skin, resulting in the activation and priming of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. DCs, however, have a limited life span, hindering their long-term ability to prime antigen-specific T cells. We reason that a strategy that prolongs the survival of DNA-transduced DCs will enhance priming of antigen-specific T cells and DNA vaccine potency. Here we show that codelivery of DNA encoding inhibitors of apoptosis (BCL-xL, BCL-2, XIAP, dominant negative caspase-9, or dominant negative caspase-8) with DNA encoding model antigens prolongs the survival of transduced DCs. More importantly, vaccinated mice exhibited significant enhancement in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses, resulting in a potent antitumor effect against antigen-expressing tumors. Among these antiapoptotic factors, BCL-xL demonstrated the greatest enhancement in antigen-specific immune responses and antitumor effects. Thus, coadministration of DNA vaccines with DNA encoding antiapoptotic proteins represents an innovative approach to enhance DNA vaccine potency.
The use of ambulatory monitoring in the prognostic evaluation of patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia treated with amiodarone.
Authors: E P Veltri, L S Griffith, E V Platia, T Guarnieri, P R Reid
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We recently reported a retrospective experience with serial Holter monitoring as a guide to therapy in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia treated with amiodarone. To confirm and substantiate these findings, a prospective study was designed that included baseline 24 hr Holter monitoring and serial Holter monitoring after 1 week of therapy with amiodarone. Fifty-two patients with documented sustained ventricular tachycardia who manifest nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on baseline Holter monitoring were treated with amiodarone. Thirty-four patients (group I) had nonsustained ventricular tachycardia completely suppressed and 18 patients (group II) had continued nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on serial Holter monitoring performed on days 8, 9, and 10 of therapy. At 11.6 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE) months follow-up, three (9%) group I patients and 12 (67%) group II patients had recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia or sudden cardiac death (p less than .01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and predictive accuracy of ventricular tachycardia on 24, 48, and 72 hr Holter monitoring over days 8, 9, and 10 for predicting recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia or sudden cardiac death were analyzed. The positive and negative predictive values were 89% and 84%, 69% and 89%, and 67% and 91% for 24, 48, and 72 hr Holter monitoring, respectively. Overall predictive accuracy was 85%, 83%, and 83%, respectively. We conclude that early Holter monitoring is useful in assessing the clinical efficacy of amiodarone in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia who manifest nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on baseline Holter monitoring.