tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Canyon T Waves Seen as Narrowing of Anterolateral T-Wave Inversions in a Patient With Recurrent Chest Pain Presumed to Be Due to Anterolateral Ischemia
Authors: Peter G. Danias, Arnold M. Katz
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Serial lead V5 tracings were obtained from a 38-year-old woman with long-standing systemic lupus erythematosis, hypertension, and renal failure. On December 12, 1994, the patient was admitted for severe right lower abdominal pain, underwent exploratory laparotomy and diverting ileostomy, and was found to have Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. The next day (December 13, 1994), she experienced chest pain …
Insulin: Potential Negative Consequences of Early Routine Use in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Harold E. Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The lack of adequate insulin secretion characterizes all hyperglycemic states. When insulin action is normal, as in type 1 diabetes, there is a near total loss of insulin secretory function. In type 2 diabetes, the abnormalities in insulin secretion are multiple. One of the initial defects is a loss of the early phase of meal-stimulated insulin secretion. This is followed by an inability of the β-cell to increase insulin secretion sufficient to overcome hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a progressive decrease in both β-cell mass and secretory function so that, in most individuals, absolute insulin deficiency occurs in the late stages of the disease.

It would seem logical that the ideal treatment for type 2 diabetes should be early and continuing insulin therapy. Unfortunately, there are several characteristics of insulin treatment and insulin action in type 2 diabetes that limit the usefulness of insulin treatment and that suggest that chronic insulin therapy is best used in the later stages of diabetes when there is an absolute deficiency of insulin.

In normal physiology, β-cell insulin secretion is coupled immediately with changes in the plasma glucose level (1). The secretory response is rapid (within a minute or two), and because the half-life of insulin is ~5 min, there is little lag time in the glucose regulatory system. Endogenously secreted insulin goes via the portal vein to the liver, where 30–80% of it is either metabolized or used (2). The portal vein-to-peripheral arterial insulin ratio is ~2:1. The administration of insulin exogenously eliminates the rapid regulation of plasma glucose, since the insulin must be taken up slowly and without regulation from the subcutaneous injection site. The kinetics are determined by the nature of the injected insulin formulation. Additionally, as illustrated in Fig. 1, it is necessary …
Improved Overall Survival in Melanoma with Combined Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Authors: Caroline Robert, Boguslawa Karaszewska, Jacob Schachter, Piotr Rutkowski, Andrzej Mackiewicz, Daniil Stroiakovski, Michael Lichinitser, Reinhard Dummer, Florent Grange, Laurent Mortier, Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Kamil Drucis, Ivana Krajsova, Axel Hauschild, Paul Lorigan, Pascal Wolter, Georgina V. Long, Keith Flaherty, Paul Nathan, Antoni Ribas, Anne-Marie Martin, Peng Sun, Wendy Crist, Jeff Legos, Stephen D. Rubin, Shonda M. Little, Dirk Schadendorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have shown efficacy as monotherapies in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations. Combining dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib, as compared with dabrafenib alone, enhanced antitumor activity in this population of patients.In this open-label, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 704 patients with metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600 mutation to receive either a combination of dabrafenib (150 mg twice daily) and trametinib (2 mg once daily) or vemurafenib (960 mg twice daily) orally as first-line therapy. The primary end point was overall survival.At the preplanned interim overall survival analysis, which was performed after 77% of the total number of expected events occurred, the overall survival rate at 12 months was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67 to 77) in the combination-therapy group and 65% (95% CI, 59 to 70) in the vemurafenib group (hazard ratio for death in the combination-therapy group, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.89; P=0.005). The prespecified interim stopping boundary was crossed, and the study was stopped for efficacy in July 2014. Median progression-free survival was 11.4 months in the combination-therapy group and 7.3 months in the vemurafenib group (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.69; P<0.001). The objective response rate was 64% in the combination-therapy group and 51% in the vemurafenib group (P<0.001). Rates of severe adverse events and study-drug discontinuations were similar in the two groups. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma occurred in 1% of patients in the combination-therapy group and 18% of those in the vemurafenib group.Dabrafenib plus trametinib, as compared with vemurafenib monotherapy, significantly improved overall survival in previously untreated patients with metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, without increased overall toxicity. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01597908.).
Histopathology of Barrett’s esophagus after ablation and endoscopic mucosal resection therapy
Authors: R. Odze, G. Lauwers
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

This review focuses on the histopathological evaluation of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens in Barrett's esophagus, and on the histopathological, biological, and molecular properties of postablation Barrett's esophagus. EMR may be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic accuracy regarding the grade and stage of neoplasms is improved with the use of EMR, but the value of this technique for treatment is more controversial because of the high prevalence rate of positive margins and the rate of metachronous lesions found elsewhere in the esophagus during follow-up. Ablation techniques, such as argon plasma coagulation, photodynamic therapy, and radiofrequency ablation, are used increasingly for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus and related neoplasms, often in combination with EMR. A common problem after use of these techniques is the development of islands of neosquamous epithelium (NSE) which can overlie buried Barrett's (and/or dysplasia) epithelium. This is, therefore, concealed to the endoscopist's view and may be allowed to progress to cancer without detection. NSE is histologically similar to normal esophageal squamous epithelium and does not possess the molecular aberrations characteristic of Barrett's esophagus. In contrast, residual nonburied Barrett's esophagus shows persistent pathologic and molecular abnormalities and may progress to cancer upon long term follow-up. The biological potential and rate of progression of nonburied residual Barrett's esophagus following ablation is unclear, but some preliminary studies suggest that the risk may decrease. Buried nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus appears to show decreased biological potential and this may be related to protection from the contents of the lumen by the barrier function of the overlying NSE. On the other hand, anecdotal reports have suggested that buried dysplasia may progress to cancer in some instances.
Developing a health surveillance strategy for professional footballers in compliance with UK health and safety legislation
Authors: Colin W Fuller, Richard D Hawkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

The need for health surveillance for professional footballers has been assessed against criteria specified in UK health and safety legislation. As footballers suffer from chronic injuries under normal playing conditions, professional football clubs have a requirement to implement health surveillance programmes to protect their players. A health surveillance programme, based on benchmarking a player's fitness and addressing the issues of pre-recruitment, pre-season, during-season, post-season, and rehabilitation assessment, is proposed.
Origin and fate of IgE-bearing lymphocytes. I. Peyer's patches as differentiation site of cells. Simultaneously bearing IgA and IgE.
Authors: H G Durkin, H Bazin, B H Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Peyer's patches (PP) from adult conventionally raised (C) and germ-free (GF) rats of the same age differed strikingly in the distributions of cells bearing membrane-bound immunoglobulin of the different isotypes. High concentrations of cells with membrane-bound IgE (approximately 20% of total cells determined by indirect immunofluorescence) were found in PP of rats, whereas IgE+ cells were absent from PP of C rats. The numbers of IgA+ cells were almost threefold higher in PP of GF rats when compared with C rats. In contrast, PP of GF rats had greatly reduced numbers of IgM-bearing cells (4%) when compared with C rats (23%); in some experiments virtually no IgM-bearing cells were detected. The levels of IgA- and IgE-bearing cells in spleen of GF rats were increased (to 11% and 7%, respectively). Of the IgE-bearing cells in PP and spleen of GF rats, approximately one-half were simultaneously positive for IgA. When these PP cells were treated with pronase to remove membrane bound immunoglobulins and maintained in culture, both IgE and IgA reappeared within 12 h. The proportion of doubly labeled cells was similar to that of the untreated population. No IgE+ cells were detected in bone marrow of C of GF rats at any time, in agreement with the findings of Ishizaka et al., although up to 20% of bone marrow cells bore other immunoglobulin isotypes, suggesting that IgE-bearing cells arise in the PP either de novo or by switching from precursors carrying IgM or IgA.
Think tank criticises payment by results for treating drug addicts as "seriously misguided"
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Residential rehabilitation units in the UK are in “near terminal crisis” and the cost of not helping drug and alcohol addicts conquer their addiction is costing the UK £3.6bn (€4bn; $5.8bn) a year in benefit payments and methadone prescriptions, says a damning report.

The report, published by right wing think tank the Centre for Policy Studies, found that the cost to the state of maintaining addicts on methadone has doubled since 2002-3 to £730m a year. It calls on the government to fund more rehabilitation units to help drug addicts stop using drugs altogether.

The report says that the government’s current drug treatment policy is “flawed” and highlights the Drug Recovery Payment by Results programme, which it says will only serve to “reinforce” the “status quo.”

It criticises …
The Pre-operative Blood Transfusion
Authors: G. H. Tovey
Journal: BMJ (1947)

craft" by the insti.utionef simple lecture demonstrations for both parents, these being developed as a part of the antenatal service.This interest can be further developed in hospital in the case of a mother with a difficult or premature infant by making her responsible, under supervision, for the entire care of her baby during the additional period of hospital stay allowed for the infant to become established.The hospital almoner also is of great assistance in the welfare of both mother and infant.It is our practice to have the home circumstances of each case investigated by the almnoner during the lying-in period, and to be salisfied that sufficient home help and reason- able home conditions exist before discharging the mother and infant from hospital.Although Dr. Lewis states that the liaison obtained by notifying the Health Department of such an infant's discharge and requesting an early visit from the health visitor is ineffective, we have found that, in practice, by ensuring a home visit on the day following discharge, the .continuity of supervision of the mother as to the care of her infant is preserved with reassuring results.We feel, therefore, that the major responsibility in the estab- lishment of small, difficult, or premature babies after birth lies primarily with the maternity unit, and that such a unit must be fully satisfied, when such infants are discharged home, that they are fit to withstand the less suitable conditions in the average household, and that in addition their mothers must be fit, at least physically, to look after them.-Weare, etc.,
Renal function and blood pressure in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporin A
Authors: G. FEUTREN, K. ABEYWICKRAMA, D. FRIEND, B. GRAFFENRIED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Renal function and blood pressure in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporin A Get access G. FEUTREN, G. FEUTREN Departments of Immunology, Basle, Switzerland Dr G.Feutren, Clinical Research/Immunology, Sandoz Pharma Ltd, CH‐4002 Basle, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. ABEYWICKRAMA, K. ABEYWICKRAMA Biostatistics, Clinical Research, Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basle, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. FRIEND, D. FRIEND Departments of Immunology, Basle, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. VON GRAFFENRIED B. VON GRAFFENRIED Departments of Immunology, Basle, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue s36, 1 June 1990, Pages 57–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb02883.x Published: 01 June 1990
Varied Health Risks Confront Physicians in Former Yugoslavia's Embattled Areas
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

LAND MINES and vipers await the unwary in areas of the former Yugoslavia, and these are only two of the many threats to safety and health that challenge physicians who live there and US military medical personnel temporarily serving in that war-ravaged land.  Land mines are taking a heavy toll today and doubtless will continue to claim victims for years to come. With the ebb and flow of battle, many of the maps and landmarks (indicating where the mines are buried) have been destroyed.  Another danger in unpaved areas comes from Vipera ammodytes , the longnosed viper, which may envenomate when disturbed and whose venom is highly toxic if rarely fatal. Also to be found are V berus , the common adder, which is less likely to attack but whose venom is moderately toxic, and V ursinii , the field adder, which usually avoids human confrontation and has venom considered to be slightly
Social Service and the Cancer Patient
Authors: J. Wien
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1958)

The cancer patient, like all patients, may accept his diagnosis or he may deny it; he may be concerned about how his ill ness will affect his future and that of his family; he may worry about the expense of his medical care.In these respects he may not differ from patients with any seri ous, long-term illness.Each patient will re act differently to his illness.The word cancer usually connotes ter minal illness and death, and yet to each individual this means something different.It may mean suffering to one individual; it may mean relief from anxiety and es cape from an intolerable situation to an other; it may mean giving up one's life work to still another.Each one's reaction to illness is an individual matter based
Plain Pictures of Plain Doctoring: Vernacular Expressions in New Deal Medicine and Photography
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To anyone with an interest in the history of what we now refer to as primary care medicine, a subject that has received far too little attention, this beautifully compiled volume will be most welcome. Seldom have I read a book that has moved me more than this collection of photographs that portray average American physicians at work in the last years of the Depression. Small wonder that the photographs are moving, for they were taken by some of the greatest photographers of that era, including Walker Evans, Russell Lee, Arthur Rothstein, Ben Shahn, and Dorothea Lange. What adds so much to this book, however, is something not often seen with photo collections. The explanatory text that places the pictures and their times in an artistic, social, and economic context has itself a lyrical quality. Whether used to document or to reform, to illustrate or to entertain, the power of
Animal models of airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: S. I. Said
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Animal models of airway hyperresponsivenessTo the Editors: I read with much interest the review by MEURS et al. [1], in which they examined the relative merits of several animal models of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and the insights these models provide into the mechanisms of airway physiology and pathophysiology.The study appropriately focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a transmitter of the inhibitory (i.e.relaxant) nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) system, the principal defence against excessive airway smooth muscle contraction.I propose adding two more NANC transmitters and another model of AHR to this excellent discussion.
QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS OF IDIOTYPIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: Mirta Goffan Kuettner, Ai-Lan Wang, Alfred Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Antisera were prepared in rabbits against anti-p-azobenzoate antibodies of an A/J and a BALB/c mouse and anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies of an A/J mouse. After appropriate absorption the antisera reacted with the anti-hapten antibody of the donor mouse but, by sensitive quantitative tests, not at all with other components of the hyperimmune serum or with preimmune serum of the donor mouse. The absorbed antiserum therefore appeared to be specific for idiotypic determinants. Nearly all idiotypic specificities identified in the serum of the donor were also present in the serum of other mice of the same strain, immunized against the same hapten group, but not in mice immunized with a different hapten. In each case the antibodies of the donor mouse reacted most effectively on a weight basis with antiidiotypic antiserum. Cross-reactions were observed among different strains of mice but homologous anti-bodies reacted most effectively with antiidiotypic antisera. C57/BL and DBA antisera contained very low concentrations of specificities present in the A/J and BALB/c antibody populations; antibodies of A/J and BALB/c antisera are more closely related to one another. The results indicate that idiotypic specificity may provide a genetic marker for the variable regions of immunoglobulin polypeptide chains.
Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms
Authors: Alan Lyell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms Get access Alan Lyell Alan Lyell Craigallion, Skelmorlie, Ayrshire PA17 5DT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 2, 1 February 1983, Pages 247–248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00069.x Published: 01 February 1983
Two stents for simultaneous esophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Iyad Khamaysi, Ian Gralnek
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Simultaneous isolated tumors of the esophagus and stomach can occur as synchronous tumors or as intramural metastases of one of the tumors. Although most esophageal and gastric cancers share some risk factors, and although they are the most frequently associated cancers, actual synchronicity is very rare [1] [2]. We describe the first case of synchronous endoscopic insertion of stents for synchronous obstructing tumors.
Salmeterol tachyphylaxis in steroid treated asthmatic subjects.
Authors: H Booth, R Bish, J Walters, F Whitehead, E H Walters
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Tachyphylaxis to the protection afforded by salmeterol to broncho-constrictor stimuli after regular use has been described in patients with mild asthma not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. The present study was performed to investigate whether airway tachyphylaxis occurs in symptomatic asthmatic subjects receiving inhaled corticosteroids, the group for whom salmeterol is recommended in clinical practice. METHODS: Thirty one adult patients with symptomatic chronic asthma who were receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomised in a double blind manner and on a 2:1 basis to receive salmeterol 50 micrograms (n = 22) or placebo (n = 9) twice daily. Baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured during the run-in period, on day 0, and after four and eight weeks of regular treatment (following a 36 hour test drug washout period). Airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured one hour after administration of the test drug on these occasions. Diary cards were kept throughout the study and for a two week follow up period. RESULTS: Baseline FEV1 was not significantly different between the treatment groups or between visits. There was significant bronchodilatation one hour after salmeterol administration at 0, four, and eight weeks. No significant tachyphylaxis of the bronchodilator action of salmeterol was seen. Protection against methacholine induced bronchoconstriction reduced from 3.3 doubling dilutions after the first dose of salmeterol to two doubling dilutions after four and eight weeks of regular treatment. Symptom scores and "rescue" salbutamol use were significantly reduced during salmeterol treatment and daytime improvements were maintained into the follow up period. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled corticosteroids did not prevent tachyphylaxis to the protection afforded by salmeterol to methacholine induced bronchoconstriction. The clinical significance, if any, of these findings remains to be defined.
Taxol arrests the development of blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium chabaudi adami in malaria-infected mice.
Authors: B Pouvelle, P J Farley, C A Long, T F Taraschi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Taxol, a natural product used to treat a variety of human cancers, is shown here to be extremely effective against chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant malaria parasites. Addition of Taxol (1.0 microM) for one cycle to cultures of human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum prevents the establishment of new infections. Blood parasitemia is eliminated in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi adami when they are given a single intraperitoneal injection of Taxol at 150 mg/m2. The majority of the animals treated immediately preceding parasite schizogony remain free of infection after eight replication cycles. The impressive antimalarial activity of Taxol, at a dosage that has been tolerated in humans, establishes its potential utility for treatment of severe, drug-resistant human malaria.
Jaundice Associated with Norethindrone Acetate Therapy
Authors: Rafael A. Perez-Mera, Charles E. Shields
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

METHYLTESTOSTERONE has been known to be associated with jaundice and tissue evidence of biliary cholestasis, as mentioned by Werner in 19501 and by subsequent authors.2 Certain modifications of the basic steroid structure have yielded compounds of therapeutic value; however, jaundice has been reported as a side effect with methylestrenolone (Orga steron),3 , 4 norethandrolone (Nilevar)5 6 7 and norethindrone (Norlutin)8 therapy. This is the first case report in which jaundice and tissue changes of biliary cholestasis developed after norethindrone acetate had been given for more than six weeks.Case ReportA 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital on February 19, 1962, with jaundice . . .
Peroxisomal Lipid Synthesis Regulates Inflammation by Sustaining Neutrophil Membrane Phospholipid Composition and Viability
Authors: Irfan J. Lodhi, Xiaochao Wei, Li Yin, Chu Feng, Sangeeta Adak, Grazia Abou-Ezzi, Fong-Fu Hsu, Daniel C. Link, Clay F. Semenkovich
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)