tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urgency of caesarean section: A new classification
Authors: D N Lucas, S M Yentis, S M Kinsella, A Holdcroft, A E May, M Wee, P N Robinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2000)

A new classification for caesarean section was developed in a two-part study conducted at six hospitals. Initially, 90 anaesthetists and obstetricians graded ten clinical scenarios according to five different classification methods--visual analogue scale; suitable anaesthetic technique; maximum time to delivery; clinical definitions; and a 1-5 rating scale. Clinical definitions was the most consistent and useful, and this method was then applied prospectively to 407 caesarean sections at the same six hospitals. There was close agreement (86%) between anaesthetists and obstetricians for the five-point scale (weighted kappa 0.89), increasing to 90% if two categories were combined (weighted kappa 0.91). We suggest that the resultant four-grade classification system--(i) immediate threat to life of woman or fetus; (ii) maternal or fetal compromise which is not immediately life-threatening; (iii) needing early delivery but no maternal or fetal compromise; (iv) at a time to suit the patient and maternity team--should be adopted by multidisciplinary groups with an interest in maternity data collection.
Safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic sterilization compared with laparoscopic sterilization: an observational cohort study
Authors: Jialin Mao, Samantha Pfeifer, Peter Schlegel, Art Sedrakyan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic sterilization with the "Essure" device with laparoscopic sterilization in a large, all-inclusive, state cohort. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Settings</b> Outpatient interventional setting in New York State. <b>Participants</b> Women undergoing interval sterilization procedure, including hysteroscopic sterilization with Essure device and laparoscopic surgery, between 2005 and 2013. <b>Main outcomes measures</b> Safety events within 30 days of procedures; unintended pregnancies and reoperations within one year of procedures. Mixed model accounting for hospital clustering was used to compare 30 day and 1 year outcomes, adjusting for patient characteristics and other confounders. Time to reoperation was evaluated using frailty model for time to event analysis. <b>Results</b> We identified 8048 patients undergoing hysteroscopic sterilization and 44 278 undergoing laparoscopic sterilization between 2005 and 2013 in New York State. There was a significant increase in the use of hysteroscopic procedures during this period, while use of laparoscopic sterilization decreased. Patients undergoing hysteroscopic sterilization were older than those undergoing laparoscopic sterilization and were more likely to have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (10.3% <i>v</i> 7.2%, P&lt;0.01), major abdominal surgery (9.4% <i>v</i> 7.9%, P&lt;0.01), and cesarean section (23.2% <i>v</i> 15.4%, P&lt;0.01). At one year after surgery, hysteroscopic sterilization was not associated with a higher risk of unintended pregnancy (odds ratio 0.84 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.12)) but was associated with a substantially increased risk of reoperation (odds ratio 10.16 (7.47 to 13.81)) compared with laparoscopic sterilization. <b>Conclusions</b> Patients undergoing hysteroscopic sterilization have a similar risk of unintended pregnancy but a more than 10-fold higher risk of undergoing reoperation compared with patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. Benefits and risks of both procedures should be discussed with patients for informed decisions making.
Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: S. F. Martin, P. R. Esser, F. C. Weber, T. Jakob, M. A. Freudenberg, M. Schmidt, M. Goebeler
Journal: Allergy (2011)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most prevalent occupational skin diseases and causes severe and long-lasting health problems in the case of chronification. It is initiated by an innate inflammatory immune response to skin contact with low molecular weight chemicals that results in the priming of chemical-specific, skin-homing CD8(+) Tc1/Tc17 and CD4(+) Th1/Th17 cells. Following this sensitization step, T lymphocytes infiltrate the inflamed skin upon challenge with the same chemical. The T cells then exert cytotoxic function and secrete inflammatory mediators to produce an eczematous skin reaction. The recent characterization of the mechanisms underlying the innate inflammatory response has revealed that contact allergens activate innate effector mechanisms and signalling pathways that are also involved in anti-infectious immunity. This emerging analogy implies infection as a potential trigger or amplifier of the sensitization to contact allergens. Moreover, new mechanistic insights into the induction of ACD identify potential targets for preventive and therapeutic intervention. We summarize here the latest findings in this area of research.
Role of <i>EFNB1</i> and <i>EFNB2</i> in Mouse Collagen‐Induced Arthritis and Human Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yan Hu, Xuehai Wang, Yongqiang Wu, Wei Jin, Baoli Cheng, Xiangming Fang, Johanne Martel‐Pelletier, Mohit Kapoor, Junzheng Peng, Shijie Qi, Guixiu Shi, Jiangping Wu, Hongyu Luo
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

EFNB1 and EFNB2 are ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. This study was undertaken to investigate how the expression of Efnb1 and Efnb2 on murine T cells influences the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and to assess correlations between the T cell expression of these 2 molecules and measures of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA was studied in mice with T cell-specific deletion (double gene knockout [dKO]) of both Efnb1 and Efnb2. Expression of EFNB1 and EFNB2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in peripheral blood T cells from patients with RA was determined by quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. In dKO mice, clinical scores of arthritis were reduced compared to those in wild-type (WT) control mice. Serum collagen-specific antibody titers in dKO mice were lower than those in WT mice. In analyses based on equal cell numbers, dKO mouse T cells, as compared to WT mouse T cells, provided vastly inferior help to B cells in the production of collagen-specific antibodies in vitro. T cells from dKO mice were compromised in their ability to migrate to the arthritic paws in vivo and in their ability to undergo chemotaxis toward CXCL12 in vitro. Deletion mutation of Efnb1 and Efnb2 intracellular tails revealed critical regions in controlling T cell chemotaxis. T cells from RA patients expressed higher EFNB1 mRNA levels, which correlated with RA symptoms and laboratory findings. Efnb1 and Efnb2 in T cells are essential for pathogenic antibody production and for T cell migration to the inflamed paws in mice with CIA. These findings suggest that the expression of EFNB1 in T cells might be a useful parameter for monitoring RA disease activity and treatment responses.
Absorption and biotransformation of topically applied 8-(methylthio)cyclic AMP
Authors: JACQUES DREYFUSS, TERRENCE W. MISCHLER, EDWARD S. NEISS, JAMES M. SHAW, ERIC C. SCHREIBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

SUMMARY 8-(Methylthio)cyclic AMP-35S was applied topically to the intact or abraded skin of dogs at a dose of about 2.5 mg/kg. In this species, an average of 7% of the dose was absorbed through the intact and 62% through abraded skin. Half-lives for radioactivity in plasma averaged 3.6 h. After the topical application of the drug to the intact skin of dogs, the average concentration in plasma of glucose, but not of insulin, was increased by as much as 21% after application to abraded skin, glucose and insulin were increased, on average, by as much as 84 and 221%, respectively. 8-(methylthio)adenosine and two unidentified compounds were present as metabolites in the urine of dogs; some unchanged 8-(methylthio)cyclic AMP-35S was also excreted. 8-(methylthio)cyclic AMP-35S was also applied topically (25 mg; 0.32 mg/kg) to the intact and stripped skin of normal human subjects under conditions similar to those used for dogs. Three subjects with intact skin did not absorb any of the drug, whereas three subjects with stripped skin absorbed 0.5, 8.3, and 23.3% of the dose. The half-life of radioactivity in the plasma of the subject with the greatest absorption was 0.5 h during the first 2 h, and 11 h for the next 10 h. During the first 2 h, this same subject excreted unchanged drug and 8-(methylthio)adenosine in his urine. No changes in glucose or insulin concentrations in plasma were observed in any of the subjects nor was there any apparent irritation of the skin.
Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. Myeloma Aredia Study Group.
Authors: J R Berenson, A Lichtenstein, L Porter, M A Dimopoulos, R Bordoni, S George, A Lipton, A Keller, O Ballester, M Kovacs, H Blacklock, R Bell, J F Simeone, D J Reitsma, M Heffernan, J Seaman, R D Knight
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of 21 monthly cycles of pamidronate therapy in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate 90 mg intravenously administered as a 4-hour infusion monthly for 21 cycles. At study entry, the patients were stratified according to whether they were to receive first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, radiation or surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression) and hypercalcemia were assessed monthly. RESULTS The results of the first nine previously reported cycles are extended to 21 cycles. Of the 392 randomized patients, efficacy could be evaluated in 198 who received pamidronate and 179 who received placebo. After 21 cycles, the proportion of patients who developed any skeletal event was lower in the pamidronate-group (P = .015). The mean number of skeletal events per year was less in the pamidronate-group (1.3) than in placebo-treated patients (2.2; P = .008). Although survival was not different between the pamidronate-treated group and placebo patients overall, stratum 2 patients who received pamidronate lived longer than those who received placebo (14 v 21 months, P = .041). Pamidronate was safe and well tolerated during the 21 cycles of therapy. CONCLUSION Long-term monthly infusions of pamidronate as an adjunct to chemotherapy are superior to chemotherapy alone in reducing skeletal events in stage III multiple myeloma patients, and may improve the survival of patients on salvage therapy.
Derivation of a Murine Lymphoid Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Judith R. Tennant
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Derivation of a Murine Lymphoid Leukemia Virus Get access Judith R. Tennant Judith R. Tennant Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1962, Pages 1291–1303, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/28.6.1291 Published: 01 June 1962 Article history Received: 06 November 1961 Published: 01 June 1962
Characterization of cimetidine transport in LLCPK1 cells.
Authors: R Bendayan, B Lo, M Silverman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

In this study, cimetidine uptake and its regulation by LLCPK1 monolayers were investigated. Uptake was temperature dependent with kinetic and specificity characteristics typical of a carrier-mediated mechanism. With cimetidine uptake in the presence of an excess concentration of the potent inhibitor quinidine as a measure of nonspecific transport, the estimated kinetic parameters for cimetidine uptake at 37 degrees C under steady-state conditions are Km = 32.3 +/- 6.4 microM and Vmax = 20.2 +/- 2.1 pmol/mg per minute. Amiloride, quinidine, and quinine inhibited cimetidine uptake, whereas N1-methylnicotinamide, tetraethylammonium, and guanidine did not. The uptake of cimetidine was increased in the presence of a cell-->lumen H+ gradient, consistent with the behavior of a cimetidine-H+ antiport system. Furthermore, the activity of both the Na(+)-H+ exchanger and H(+)-ATPase acted to dissipate the cell-->lumen H+ gradient, thereby decreasing net cimetidine transport. These results suggest that there is a cimetidine-H+ exchange system in LLCPK1 cells and that the net secretion of organic base in vivo may be regulated by luminal acidification mechanisms.
Systemic coagulation increases with asthma severity
Authors: Marlous Sneeboer, Christof Majoor, Niki Fens, Marianne van de Pol, Koen van der Sluijs, Joost Meijers, Pieter-Willem Kamphuisen, Rene Lutter, Peter Sterk, Elisabeth Bel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale: Patients with severe asthma have increased risk of pulmonary embolism. It has been shown that these patients have increased procoagulant factors and reduced fibrinolytic activity in induced sputum. We aimed to investigate whether systemic haemostatic activity is increased in patients with severe asthma as compared with patients with mild asthma and healthy control subjects.   Methods: Blood samples from 36 patients with asthma (14 mild, 16 moderate, 6 severe) and 14 healthy subjects (non-atopic, no airway hyperresponsiveness) were analysed. All patients with asthma were atopic and had airway hyperresponsiveness. Asthma severity was defined according to GINA 2006. Coagulation parameters (von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TATc), plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAPc), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer) were measured in plasma and compared between the 4 groups. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test was used.   Results: The overall ANOVA test showed no difference between the groups for vWF, PAPc, and D-dimer. However, there were significant differences for TATc (pl0,001) and PAI-1 (p=0,040). Table 1 shows the median of TATc and PAI-1 levels in the 4 different groups.   Conclusion:  Patients with more severe asthma have increased TATc and PAI-1 levels in plasma. These results suggest that asthma severity induces systemic haemostatic activity which may explain the increased risk of thromboembolic events.
Antagonism of serotonin S3 receptors with ondansetron prevents nausea and emesis induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy regimens.
Authors: L X Cubeddu, I S Hoffman, N T Fuenmayor, A L Finn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

The control of nausea and emesis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy poses a significant management problem. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effect of serotonin S3 receptor blockade with ondansetron (GR 38032F) on the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide was given in doses of 500 to 600 mg/m2 and ondansetron as three intravenous (IV) doses of 0.15 mg/kg. Most patients had breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide was given in combination with doxorubicin (65% of patients) or with fluorouracil (85% of patients: 50% with Adriamycin [doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH] and 35% with methotrexate). All placebo-treated patients experienced vomiting, whereas 70% of patients treated with ondansetron did not vomit (P = .008). Median nausea scores were 8 mm on ondansetron and 65 mm on placebo (P less than .001). Seventy percent of patients treated with ondansetron retained their normal appetite, compared with 10% of placebo patients. Adverse events occurred in six placebo patients and one ondansetron patient. Diarrhea and headache were the most common events, both occurring more frequently in the placebo group. There were no extrapyramidal reactions, and the only significant biochemical change occurred in a placebo-treated patient. These results suggest that serotonin S3 receptor antagonists represent a novel, effective, and safe mode of therapy for nausea and emesis induced by cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapies. In addition, our observations are compatible with the view that serotonin, acting on S3 receptors, mediates the nausea and emesis occurring after cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
Prognostic significance of 6-minute walk test in non-group 1 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Rafael Golpe, Olalla Castro-Añón, Luis A. Pérez de Llano, Carlos González-Juanatey, María C. Muñiz-Fernández, Ana Testa-Fernández, Ruth Pérez-Fernández
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Distance walked during six-minute walk test (6MWT) correlates strongly with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; however it might be a less accurate predictor of outcome in associated pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our objectives were to assess the value of variables obtained during 6MWT and echocardiography to predict outcome in non idiopathic PH.  Methods: 6MWT and echocardiography were performed in 60 patients diagnosed of PH, Dana Point classification groups 2 to 5. Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival plots and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate hazard ratios for study variables.  Results: Patients who died had more frequently right ventricle (RV) systolic function depression, RV dilatation, and walked less distance during the 6MWT. The mortality ratio for patients with RV systolic function depression, RV dilatation, and distance walked   Conclusion: the study confirms the value of 6MWT to predict prognosis in non-group 1 PH and suggests that this test should be considered in the integral clinical evaluation of patients with this disorder.
Ketamine-midazolam versus meperidine-midazolam for painful procedures in pediatric oncology patients.
Authors: C M Marx, J Stein, M K Tyler, M L Nieder, S B Shurin, J L Blumer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy, characteristics of onset/recovery, and safety of ketamine/atropine/midazolam with meperidine/midazolam used as premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer. METHODS A randomized, double-blind crossover trial for two successive painful procedures (bone marrow aspiration or biopsy, lumbar puncture, or combined procedures) was performed at a referral-based pediatric hematology-oncology clinic and associated inpatient service of a university teaching hospital. Twenty-two children, aged 24 to 178 months, were enrolled and 18 (81.8%) completed the double-blind, crossover trial. Each child received intravenous premedication with either meperidine 2 mg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg (MM) or atropine 0.01 mg/kg, midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, and ketamine 1.5 mg/kg (KM) on one occasion followed by the alternative regimen on a second occasion. The initial premedication regimen was chosen by random assignment. RESULTS Efficacy was assessed by a trained observer using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R). Operator, nurse, parent, and patient opinions of efficacy were recorded on a visual analog scale (VAS). Side effects were monitored by pulse oximetry, nasal end-tidal capnography, and serial blood pressure measurements. Use of KM resulted in significantly less procedural distress than MM (1.37 +/- 2.20 v 7.04 +/- 8.06 OSBD-R units; P &lt; .05). Both operators and nurses rated KM more effective than MM. KM use was associated with earlier readiness for the procedure (19.2 v 24.0 minutes) and more rapid recovery (39.3 v 74.6 minutes for removal of monitoring devices and 58.5 v 87.1 minutes for discharge). Procedures undertaken after ketamine sedation were associated with fewer side effects than observed with MM sedation (hypoxia, 17.7% v 82.4%; hypotension, 16.6% v 55.6%; reduced respiratory rate, 0% v 38.9%). The incidence of emergence reactions or behavioral abnormalities within 24 hours postprocedure was similar in both treatment groups. At 7 days postprocedure, no child had persistent behavioral abnormalities and all children had amnesia for the procedure. Parents and children expressed a preference for KM over MM in 12 of 18 cases (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION A premedication regimen of KM produced superior sedation with a faster onset and recovery and fewer side effects than a MM combination.
Management of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with or without Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Paul Christiaan Johannesma, Marianne Jonker, Tijmen van der Wel, JanHein van Waesberghe, Jeroen van Moorselaar, Fred Menko, Pieter Postmus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax remains a significant problem, with high recurrence rate between 25-54% despite different therapeutic approaches.An important autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, caused by pathogenic FLCN mutations and associated with lung cysts and (recurrent) spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is the Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome.Approximately 7.5-10% of all SP patients have a pathogenic FLCN mutation. Recurrence rate of SP among BHD patients has been described up to 75%.Optimal treatment of SP in BHD patients is unknown.

We collected data using a questionnaire, which was send to 53 patients with a proven pathogenic FLCN mutation with a history of SP.All patients had one or more episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax.We scored number of episodes, number of recurrences, type of treatment, classified in conservative (observations, needle aspiration or tube thoracostomy) or invasive (chemical - or mechanical pleurodesis, lung resection, bullectomy).Both lungs were scored separately.

We found among 53 FLCN mutation carriers with a mean age of 31.2 years a total of 77 episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax; 29 patients one-sided, 19 on both sides and 5 patients on both sides at the same time. In total 59% had one or more recurrent episodes of SP; 58% after conservative treatment and 29.4% after invasive treatment. We found in literature that approximately 15% of PSP patients have a history of SP on both sides and 1.5% on both sides at the same time.

Based on these results, we found a significant higher number of bilateral episodes of SP among BHD patients compared to PSP in literature. BHD patients might need a different approach of treatment of SP compared to non-BHD patients.