tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influences of labetalol a combined - and -adrenergic blocking agent on the dysrhythmias induced by coronary occlusion and reperfusion
Authors: S. M POGWIZD, A. D SHARMA, P. B CORR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

We have previously demonstrated a significant antifibrillatory effect of α-adrenergic blockade during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion, enhanced α-adrenergic responsivity and increased α1-adrenergic receptors in ischaemic myocardium. β-adrenergic blockade is also antiarrhythmic in ischaemic hearts and may decrease the ultimate area of necrotic tissue after infarction. The present study was performed to assess the relative β- and α-adrenergic blocking potency of labetalol in the chloralose anaesthetised cat and correlate this to its antiarrhythmic efficacy during LAD coronary occlusion for 35 min followed by reperfusion. Based on the dose ratio10 (DR10) for isoprenaline-induced tachycardia (β) and phenylephrine-induced increase in mean systemic arterial pressure (α), labetalol was 3.1 times less potent than d,l-propranolol (β) and 6.5 times less potent than phentolamine (α). Labetalol was found to be 11.5 times more potent as a β-adrenergic blocking agent than as an α-adrenergic blocking agent. Labetalol (1 mg·kg−1) failed significantly to reduce either the number of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) or incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during occlusion (827± 150 to 852±246 PVCs and 31% to 20% VF) or reperfusion. In contrast, labetalol at 2 mg·kg−1 and 5 mg·kg−1 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of PVCs during occlusion (320±94 and 466± 137, respectively) as well as the incidence of VF (9% and 7%, respectively). During, reperfusion, labetalol (5 mg·kg−1) failed to reduce the number of PVCs but abolished mortality due to VF. The antifibrillatory effect of labetalol was not due to alterations in systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, LVEDP, cardiac output, stroke work or total peripheral resistance. Thus, labetalol, an agent well-tolerated clinically, induces profound antiarrhythmic effectiveness during both experimental myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion and may prove to be an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of malignant ventricular dysrhythmia associated with acute myocardial infarction in man.
A Tuberculin Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Program in an Inner-City Population
Authors: NAOMI N. BOCK, BRIAN S. METZGER, JANE R. TAPIA, HENRY M. BLUMBERG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

As tuberculosis transmission decreases, case rates decline and an increasing proportion of cases arises from the pool of persons with latent infection. Elimination of tuberculosis will require preventing disease from developing in infected persons. From 1994 to 1996 the Atlanta TB Prevention Coalition conducted a community-based tuberculin screening and isoniazid preventive therapy project among high-risk inner-city residents of Atlanta, Georgia. We established screening centers in outpatient waiting areas of the public hospital serving inner-city residents, the city jail, clinics serving the homeless, and with outreach teams in neighborhoods frequented by drug users. All services were provided free. A total of 7,246 persons participated in tuberculin testing; 4,701 (65%) adhered with skin test reading, 809 (17%) had a positive test, 409 (50%) fit current guidelines for isoniazid preventive therapy, 84 (20%) we intended to treat completed therapy. The major limitations of this community-based tuberculin screening and preventive therapy project were the low proportion of infected individuals who were eligible for isoniazid preventive therapy and the poor adherence with a complete regimen among those we intended to treat. For community-based programs to be efficacious, preventive therapy regimens that are of shorter duration and safe for older persons will need to be implemented.
BACTERIAL ANTIFERMENTS
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Intact bacteria probably resist tryptic digestion because of the absence of an exposed protein substrate. 2. Dried organisms resist digestion in a degree proportional to their content of unsaturated lipoids. 3. Lipoidal extractives reduce the resistance to tryptic digestion. 4. The extracted lipoids (saponified) are antitryptic in a degree proportional to their unsaturation. 5. The inactivation of the antiferment in Gram-negative organisms is probably due to changes in the degree of lipoidal dispersion. 6. Bacteria adsorb lipoids from the serum when incubated at 37 degrees C. Such organisms when dried are found to be more resistant to tryptic digestion than untreated organisms.
Another Success for Hepatitis A Vaccine
Authors: Carol J. Baker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Before the licensure of the first inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in 1995, hepatitis A caused a substantial disease burden in the United States. Annual cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) numbered 25,000 to 30,000, but a more accurate estimate approached 300,000, since infection in young children often was subclinical and mild and self-limited disease in adults was underreported.1 Infection rates were highest among children younger than 5 years of age, but only 30% of these children were symptomatic. Older children and adults had lower infection rates, but in approximately 70% of cases they were symptomatic. . . .
Physiological Problems in Space Exploration
Authors: L. G. Lederer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Professor Hardy has compiled an outstanding list of lectures by authorities in the physiological problems in space exploration. Each chapter is written as a separate entity but is related to the others. The chapters on temperature problems in space travel and the gaseous requirements are excellent. The discussion of food requirements in space is perhaps the least scientific of the compilation and, in some places, is somewhat open to conjecture and personal preferences. Acceleration, weightlessness, and sub-gravity problems, isolation and disorientation, and especially physiological rhythms are very well treated and should interest not only experts in the space-travel field but also the well-informed layman and students entering the field of space exploration. The chapters are not only well handled in themselves, but the compilation is a valuable contribution to the entire field of physiology and medicine, through its references to other uses that can be made from the studies
A Pilot Enquiry into Byssinosis in Two Cotton Mills in the United States
Authors: C. B. McKerrow
Journal: JAMA (1961)

NEARLY 30 years ago, Britten et al. 1 and Bloomfield and Dreessen 2 surveyed 1,500 male workers employed in a cotton mill in a southern city in the United States. The 400 card-room workers had been exposed to more cotton dust than the spinners and weavers, and had higher disabling sickness rates for both respiratory and nonrespiratory illnesses. Medical examination did not reveal any effects which could be specifically attributed to the dust, but no special enquiry was made into the occurrence of the characteristic symptoms of byssinosis, namely chest tightness and breathlessness, on returning to work after absence. 3 The authors concluded that their negative clinical findings were to be expected in view of the low concentrations of dust in the card-rooms. These concentrations, measured with a konimeter, were 290 particles (1-5μ in diameter) per cubic centimeter. In an English mill, in which nearly 40% of the card-room
Abstract 248: JNK-FoxO3a dependent apoptosis in quercetin treated MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells
Authors: Haesung Kim, Byung-Soo Choi, Sang-Soo Lee, Lee-Su Kim, Byung-Yoon Ryu, Ju-Suk Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract FoxO transcription factors are well known as key tumor suppressors in mammalian cells. The suppression of FoxOs in cancer cells is thought to be mainly due to activation of multiple onco-kinases, such as Akt and SGK, by a phosphorylation-ubiquitylation-mediated cascade. On the other hand, phosphorlyation of FoxO by JNK relocalizes it from the cytoplasm to the nucleus allowing transcription of FoxO target genes. In this study, we applied human breast cancer cells to determine whether the activity of FoxO3a is regulated during the quercetin mediated apoptosis. After treatment with the indicated amount of quercetin (5-80uM) for 5days, the growth of human breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-486 and MCF-7 cells was reduced in dose- and time-dependent manner. FACS analysis with AnnexinV/PI double staining showed that the proportion of early apoptotic cancer cells were significantly increased in quercetin treated cells. It represents the potent apoptotic effect of quercetin in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, a marked elevation of FoxO3a transcriptional activity was detected at 20μM of quercetin using FHRE-reporter assay, as well as increased protein level of FoxO3a was detected by western blotting. And also it was determined that the activation of FoxO3a lead to the upregulation of FasL expression during the apoptotic process. To identify the signaling mechanism of FoxO3a regulation, we examined the activation of several well known upstream kinases such as Akt, Erk, IKKβ, AMPK and JNK. Notably, a significant increase of JNK phosphorylation was observed in quercetin treated cells. In addition, the inhibition study with pharmacological inhibitor (SP600125) showed that the involvement of JNK for the regulation of FoxO3a activity is critical in quercetin treated breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that quercetin induces FoxO3a-related apoptosis by activation of JNK in MDA-MB-231 cells, and suggest the possibility that JNK-FoxO3a signaling pathway contributes mainly to the apoptotic process of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 248. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-248
Officials Strive to Help Consumers Shop for Health Insurance Benefits
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of the Long-acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) to the Clinical Features and Course of Graves' Disease.
Authors: Leonard M. Lipman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Relationship of the Long-acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) to the Clinical Features and Course of Graves' Disease.Leonard M. Lipman, M.D., Donald E. Green, M.D., Norton J. Snyder, M.D., Jerald C. Nelson, M.D., David H. Solomon, M.D., F.A.C.P.Leonard M. Lipman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Donald E. Green, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Norton J. Snyder, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jerald C. Nelson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David H. Solomon, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1028_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLong-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) determinations have been performed on sera of 440 subjects, in order to analyze its relationship to the major clinical features of Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy, and dermopathy). The prevalence of LATS proved to be primarily related to the number of features present and not to any individual feature. The prevalence was lowest (47%) in patients with only one active feature, regardless of which this was, intermediate (63%) in patients with two active features, and highest (89%) in patients with three active features. The previously noted apparently specific relationship of LATS to ophthalmopathy proved fortuitous, being entirely... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Torrance, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1028-1028KeywordsHyperthyroidismThyroid Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Modulation of DNA binding in vivo by specific humoral immunological response: a novel host factor in environmental carcinogenesis?
Authors: A Verdina, R Zito, G Cortese, A Zijno, R Crebelli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

To investigate the possible modulatory effect of the immune response induced by recurrent carcinogen exposure, a specific humoral immune response toward 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was elicited in Swiss mice with repeated intraperitoneal injections of a 2-AAF-gelatin conjugate. The immunization procedure resulted in the production of specific anti-2-AAF antibodies in all treated animals. Groups of immunized and nonimmunized mice were subsequently fed 2-AAF pelleted in the diet at 50 and 150 ppm for 4 weeks. At the end of 2-AAF administration, animals were sacrificed and the content of 2-AAF-adducts in liver DNA was determined by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. The comparison of the adducts levels in immunized and nonimmunized mice (receiving either the vehicle or the adjuvant alone during pretreatment) demonstrates a highly significant (p < 0.001) difference among groups, with far lower adduct levels in immunized animals. No significant difference in food consumption or liver metabolic activities was observed among experimental groups, suggesting the absence of external bias. The mechanism underlying the result observed is not yet clear; however, the experimental data strongly suggest that the specific immunological response induced by recurrent carcinogen exposure may exert a modulatory effect and act as a relevant host factor in chemical carcinogenesis.
Effect of Body Position Changes on Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Authors: JULIO SANDOVAL, PEDRO ALVARADO, MARIA LUISA MARTÍNEZ-GUERRA, ARTURO GÓMEZ, ANDRÉS PALOMAR, SONIA MEZA, EFRÉN SANTOS, MARTÍN ROSAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Preliminary studies on sleep of patients with congenital heart disease and Eisenmenger's syndrome (ES) at our institution demonstrated nocturnal worsening arterial unsaturation, which appeared to be a body position-related phenomenon. To investigate the potential effect of body position on gas exchange in ES, we carried out a prospective study of 28 patients (mean age, 34.8 +/- 11.7 yr) with established ES due to congenital heart disease. In every patient, arterial blood gases were performed during both sitting and supine positions under three different conditions: room air, while breathing 100% oxygen, and after breathing oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min through nasal prongs. Alveolar oxygen pressure (PaO2) for the calculation of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension differences (AaPO2) was derived from the alveolar gas equation using PaCO2 and assuming R = 1. We used paired t test, repeated-measures two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's test, and regression analysis. From sitting to supine position on room air, there was a significant decrease in PaO2 (from 52.5 +/- 7.5 to 47.5 +/- 5.5 mm Hg; p < 0. 001) and SaO2 (from 86.7 +/- 4.6 to 83.3 +/- 4.9%; p < 0.001), both of which were corrected by nasal O2 (to 68.2 +/- 21 mm Hg and to 92 +/- 4%, respectively, p < 0.005). PaCO2 and pH remained unchanged. The magnitude of the change in PaO2 correlated with the change in AaPO2 on room air (r = 0.77; p < 0.01) but not with the change in AaPO2 on 100% oxygen. It is concluded that in adult patients with ES there is a significant decrease in PaO2 and SaO2 when they change from the sitting to the supine position. A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) distribution abnormality and/or a diffusion limitation phenomenon rather than an increase in true shunt may be the mechanisms responsible for this finding. The response to nasal O 2 we observed warrants a trial with long-term nocturnal oxygen therapy in these patients.
The Effect of Influenza on Hospitalizations, Outpatient Visits, and Courses of Antibiotics in Children
Authors: Kathleen Maletic Neuzil, Beverly G. Mellen, Peter F. Wright, Edward F. Mitchel, Marie R. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Despite high annual rates of influenza in children, influenza vaccines are given to children infrequently. We measured the disease burden of influenza in a large cohort of healthy children in the Tennessee Medicaid program who were younger than 15 years of age.
Reply from Authors re: Andrei Nadu. Is Smaller Actually Better? Needlescopic Surgery — A Step Towards (Virtually) Incisionless Surgery. Eur Urol 2008;54:493–5
Authors: Shih-Chieh Chueh, Chun-Hou Liao, Ming-Kuen Lai, Shyh-Chyan Chen, Hong-Jeng Yu
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Audit finds big improvement in treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

By the end of the year use of primary angioplasty to treat myocardial infarction will exceed that of thrombolytic treatment for the first time in England, says the eighth report of the myocardial ischaemia national audit project (MINAP).

In October 2008 the Department of Health recommended that primary angioplasty should take over from thrombolytic drugs as first line treatment for myocardial infarction ( BMJ 2008;337:a2185, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2185). The aim is for coverage of 97% of patients by 2011. Primary angioplasty is associated with less mortality and has better longer term outcomes than thrombolysis, provided that the procedure is carried out within three hours of the onset of symptoms.

MINAP …
Control and Eradication of Tuberculosis
Authors: James E. Perkins
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The vast network of volunteers and professional staff members who make up the federation of tuberculosis associations throughout the United States were most encouraged by the significant statement of the position of the American Medical Association on tuberculosis control, expressed by the AMA House of Delegates at its annual meeting in New York City last month. Apathy can so often be the major deterrent to any important goal. The AMA's recognition of the job that lies ahead in the control and final eradication of tuberculosis leaves no room for such apathy. The AMA House of Delegates is to be congratulated for its grasp of the ever-changing public picture of our nation.
The pancreas and gastric secretion: failure of pancreatectomy to prevent inhibition of gastric secretion by secretin
Authors: J. A. Kennedy, G. A. Hallenbeck
Journal: Gut (1963)

A second commercially prepared secretin has been found to inhibit the acid secreted by Heidenhain pouches in dogs in response to a meal but not to histamine. This inhibition is not affected by pancreatectomy.
Fighting polyglutamine disease by wrestling with SUMO
Authors: Tim J. Craig, Jeremy M. Henley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked disease characterized by degeneration of motor neurons, muscle atrophy, and progressive weakness. It is caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor that is activated upon hormone binding. The polyQ expansion in AR causes it to form intracellular aggregates and impairs transcriptional activity. Intriguingly, SUMOylation (where SUMO indicates small ubiquitin-like modifier) of AR inhibits its transcriptional activity and reduces aggregation of the polyQ form of this protein, but it is unclear whether SUMOylation plays a pathogenic or protective role in SBMA. In this issue of the JCI, Chua et al. address this question by generating knockin mice in which the native AR is replaced by either a polyQ AR or a polyQ AR lacking the two lysine residues that are SUMOylated. The results from this study demonstrate that inhibiting SUMOylation of polyQ AR restores much of its transcriptional activity and prevents many (but not all) SBMA-associated symptoms in this mouse model.
Properties of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) purified from a human fibrosarcoma cell line.
Authors: C O Zachariae, A O Anderson, H L Thompson, E Appella, A Mantovani, J J Oppenheim, K Matsushima
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

A monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) has been purified from TNF-stimulated 8387 human fibrosarcoma cell line-conditioned media. The purified MCAF showed microheterogeneity yielding two bands on SDS-PAGE analysis. Fibrosarcoma-derived MCAF specifically competed with THP-1 (a human monocytic cell line)-derived 125I-labeled MCAF in binding to human PBMC, whereas a similar basic heparin-binding leukocyte chemoattractant, IL-8, did not. The purified MCAF stimulated superoxide anion and N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase-releasing activity in human monocytes, as well as monocyte cytostatic augmenting activity against tumor cells and chemotactic activity for monocytes. When injected subcutaneously into Lewis rat ears, the purified human MCAF also induced considerable in vivo local monocyte infiltration beginning at 3 h and becoming maximal at 18 h. In conclusion, the data presented in this paper indicate that MCAF is a potent activator of monocytes as well as a monocyte recruitment factor that acts through receptors that are specific for this novel molecule. This novel cytokine might have an important role in tumor growth control due to its ability to attract and activate monocytes.
Hospital Data Processing
Authors: S. A. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Hospital data processing is consistently increasing, to the critical point of becoming a social and economic burden within the medical community. A few thoughts should be shared—thoughts that could influence the direction of this trend.  Data-base systems regarding the medical community should be conceptually controlled by physicians. Confidentiality, as required by federal legislation, should be strictly observed. Thoroughly planned, small data-base programs should be developed to capture essential data for compiling profiles. These programs should also be designed for medical pragmatic activities, research, and for educational benefits. They should not be designed for punitive functions.  Individual, stand-alone systems that interface with compatible institutional data bases should be encouraged.  As the use of data processing in medicine expands, we must guard against duplication of input and recompiling of data, so that we may reduce costs and eliminate large banks of redundant data.