tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Compulsory-Disclosure Statutes
Authors: Arthur Harris Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

CONFIDENTIALITY is a fundamental aspect of the physician-patient relation. It is not always possible, however, for a physician to adhere to his sworn oath to preserve his patients' privacy — particularly in court, where he may be ordered to make disclosures. One method of preserving the physician-patient relation against such intrusions has been to establish by statute a privileged status for their communications. However, such protection has not been enacted in all jurisdictions, and even where it has become law, its effect may be curtailed by the existence of exceptions to its application in certain contexts, as well as by . . .
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2025: where are we headed?
Authors: D. Mannino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The last 100 years have seen dramatic changes in the diseases that affect mankind, especially in the developed world. In the USA in 1900, infections were the leading causes of death, and mean life expectancy at birth was 49.2 yrs 1. By 2000, heart disease was now the leading killer in the USA and life expectancy had increased to 76.5 yrs 1.

Chronic diseases became the leading killer in the USA in the 1960s. Over the next 40 yrs the age-adjusted mortality rate for heart disease, stroke and cancers steadily decreased, whereas the mortality rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …
Fixation of a Modified Covered Esophageal Stent: Its Clinical Usefulness for Preventing Stent Migration
Authors: C. Shim, Y. Cho, J. Moon, J. Kim, J. Cho, Y. Kim, J. Lee, M. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Membrane-covered self-expandable metal stents are effective in preventing tumor ingrowth and stent obstruction in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer, but migration of stents continues to be a major problem. We therefore constructed a modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stent capable of being fixed using a silk thread. The stent was studied prospectively to define its palliative characteristics and whether it is effective in preventing migration.Modified covered self-expandable metal stents were placed in 17 patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer involving the esophagogastric junction, 41 patients with esophageal cancer, and three patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were carried out at regular intervals.Placement of the stent was successful in all patients, with good symptomatic relief and no serious stent-related complications such as esophageal perforation or hemorrhage. Acute stent placement problems, such as incomplete expansion or acute angulation of the stent, were noted in four patients. However, during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 months (range 1 to 17 months), there was no stent migration.Modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stents of this type would be very effective in preventing stent migration, especially in patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer extending to the lower esophagus, those with short-segment esophageal cancer, and those with tracheoesophageal fistulas.
Changes in Risk Factors and the Decline in Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Pamela A. Sytkowski, William B. Kannel, Ralph B. D'Agostino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease over the past 30 years has been well documented, but the reasons for the decline remain unclear. We analyzed the 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease in three groups of men who were 50 to 59 years old at base line in 1950, 1960, and 1970 (the 1950, 1960, and 1970 cohorts) in order to determine the contribution of secular trends in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and medical care to the decline in mortality.
A Method of Photographing Fluorescence in Circulating Blood in the Human Retina
Authors: HAROLD R. NOVOTNY, DAVID L. ALVIS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A simple method, with use of intravenous fluorescein, was used for producing and photographing fluorescence in circulating blood of the human retina. Separate arteriolar and venous filling phases, arteriolovenous shunt, sluggish choroidal circulation, stratified flow of fluorescein, and rapid central retinal circulation times were observed in normal retinas. Similar findings were seen in hypertensive and diabetic patients, and, in addition, neovascularization was clearly defined, and some cotton-wool patches, but not hemorrhages, were found to fluoresce. Limitations and applications of the method are discussed.
Abstract 1858: Targeting FoxM1 in p53-null tumors
Authors: Zebin Wang, Pradip Raychaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Forkhead box transcription factor FoxM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancers and promotes tumor development in multiple ways. It is also considered as a potential target for cancer therapy. Because greater than half of the human cancers harbor p53 mutations, we investigate the effect of FoxM1-targeting in spontaneous p53-null tumors. We show that reducing FoxM1 inhibits growth of the p53 null thymic lymphoma and sarcoma cells. In addition, ablation of FoxM1 retards the growth of the p53-null tumors in mouse xenograft model. Moreover, induction of apoptotic cell death is observed in p53 null cells after deletion of FoxM1, accompanied by decreased expression of the FoxM1 target gene Survivin. The ARF26-44 peptide, which inhibits the activity of FoxM1 by targeting it to the nucleolus, is able to effectively induce apoptosis in the p53 null spontaneous tumors. Together, our observations suggest that FoxM1 functions are critical for p53-null tumors and FoxM1 is a therapeutic target of human tumors carrying loss of function p53 mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1858. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1858
Multiple hemorrhagic duodenal ulcers caused by cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: R. Moroi, Y. Sato, T. Sakurai, S. Kin, T. Iwabuchi, M. Oyauchi, T. Igarashi, N. Obana
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 73-year-old man was hospitalized for cerebral trauma. While in the hospital, he passed tarry stool and developed anemia. He then suddenly had severe hemorrhage and went into shock. Emergent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy revealed several shallow, geographical ulcers with coagula in the second and third parts of the duodenum ([Fig. 1]). One of the ulcers had an exposed vessel that was bleeding heavily ([Fig. 2]). We stopped the bleeding by administering hypertonic saline with epinephrine and clipping the vessel. The next day, more exposed vessels were detected, and new bleeding points appeared. The hemorrhage reoccurred and the ulcers grew larger and deeper every day. New punched-out ulcers were also detected ([3 a – c]). The patient tested positive for serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia and ganciclovir was administered. Although we attempted endoscopic hemostasis, we could not stop the hemorrhage completely, and the patient underwent surgery. Nuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the resected specimens. The patient was diagnosed as having hemorrhagic duodenal ulcers caused by CMV infection, and treatment with ganciclovir was continued. Following surgery and treatment with ganciclovir, scarring developed in the ulcers ([Fig. 4]), and the patient tested negative for serum CMV antigenemia. Since then, the patient has not passed tarry stool and there has been no progression of anemia. He is likely to develop CMV-related disease because of his compromised status and major lesions in the stomach and colon caused by the CMV infection [1].
Long term outcome by method of delivery of fetuses in breech presentation at term: population based follow up
Authors: P J Danielian, J Wang, M H Hall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the long term outcome of infants delivered in breech presentation at term by intended mode of delivery. <b>Design</b>: A population based comparison of outcomes up to school age. Data obtained from maternity, health visitor, and school medical records and handicap register. <b>Setting</b>: Grampian region 1981-90. <b>Subjects</b>: 1645 infants delivered alive at term after breech presentation. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Handicap, developmental delay, neurological deficit, psychiatric referral. <b>Results</b>: Elective caesarean section was performed in 590 (35.9%) cases. The remainder (1055; 64.1%) were intended vaginal deliveries. Handicap or other health problem was recorded in 269 (19.4%) of 1387 infants for whom records were available. Proportions of elective caesarean sections and intended vaginal deliveries in this group were 37.2% (100 cases) and 62.8% (169) respectively, almost the same as in the total cohort. There were no significant differences between elective caesarean section and planned vaginal delivery in terms of severe handicap or any other outcome measure. Case records were obtained for 23 of 27 infants with severe handicap. 11 (47.8%) were delivered by elective caesarean section. Of these, three had undiagnosed congenital abnormalities and seven were unexplained. Of the 12 (52.2%) planned vaginal deliveries, in only one was handicap possibly attributable to delivery and four cases were unavoidable even if elective caesarean section had been planned. <b>Conclusion</b>: In selected cases of breech presentation at term planned vaginal delivery with caesarean section if necessary remains as safe as elective caesarean section in terms of long term handicap. It was not possible to determine whether particular babies would have fared better had they been delivered by elective caesarean section. <h3>Key messages</h3> There is no reason for all fetuses in breech pres- entation at term to be delivered by elective caesar- ean section A prospective randomised trial is urgently needed to provide definitive evidence on the safest method of delivering fetuses in breech presentation at term
Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with a Liquid Protein Diet for the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Rafael A. Lantigua, John M. Amatruda, Theodore L. Biddle, Gilbert B. Forbes, Dean H. Lockwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

OBESITY that is greater than 20 per cent of ideal body weight affects 25 to 45 per cent of Americans over 30 years of age.1 Since a review in 1959 indicated that less than 5 per cent of patients who need to lose 18 kg or more were successful, 2 several therapeutic approaches, including fasting, 3 have been introduced. More recently, exogenous protein has been added to minimize catabolism during a total fast.4 5 6 On such a diet, 405 of 519 obese patients (78 per cent) lost at least 18 kg, with an average loss of 1.5 kg per week.6 However, serious complications . . .
Heart disease in Asians in Britain.
Authors: K. M. Fox, L. M. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The link between the gut microbiome and the brain has gained increasing scientific and public interest for its potential to explain psychiatric risk. While differences in gut microbiome composition have been associated with several mental health problems, evidence to date has been largely based on animal models and human studies in small sample sizes. Here, we aimed to systematically characterize associations of the gut microbiome with overall psychiatric symptoms as well as with specific domains of emotional and behavioral problems, assessed via the maternally rated Child Behavior Checklist in 1,784 ten-year-old children from the multi-ethnic, population-based Generation R Study. While we observe lower gut microbiome diversity in case of more overall and specific mental health problems, associations were not significant. Likewise, we did not identify any taxonomic feature associated with mental health problems after multiple testing correction, although nominally significant findings indicated depletion of genera previously associated with psychiatric disorders, including <i>Anaerotruncus, Anaeroplasma</i>, and <i>Hungatella</i>. The identified compositional abundance differences were found to be similar across all mental health problems. Finally, we did not find any specific microbial functions that were enriched in relation to children with mental health problems. In conclusion, based on the largest sample examined to date, we found no clear evidence of associations between gut microbiome diversity, taxonomies or functions and mental health problems in the general pediatric population. In future, the use of longitudinal designs with repeated measurements microbiome and psychiatric outcomes will be critical to clarify any emerging associations between the gut microbiome and mental health from early life to adulthood.
Antibodies to nuclear antigens in three patients with scleroderma and asthma.
Authors: K Nikolov, M Baleva, T Vulcheva, P Jakovliev
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Whereas IL-Ira can completely prevent the latter process,' blocking activation of the mature osteoclast requires simultaneous inhibition of TNF and IL-1.' It would therefore be logical to contemplate clinical trials in RA, inhibiting both of these cytokines and observing the effect on RA related osteoporosis as an end point.
The Clinton Health Care Plan: Fundamental or Incremental Reform?
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Editorials1 November 1993The Clinton Health Care Plan: Fundamental or Incremental Reform?Steven A. Schroeder, MDSteven A. Schroeder, MDThe Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08543-2316.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Just when it seemed it would never happen, the long-awaited Clinton Health Plan, the Health Security Plan, was announced in mid-September 1993. The announcement followed an unprecedented 8-month planning process, punctuated by rumors, leaks, special-interest group lobbying, and almost daily results of public opinion polls. The delay in announcing the plan stemmed from some hard choices the President faced. He had campaigned on four promises: to provide health care coverage for all Americans; to slow runaway medical care cost inflation; to minimize governmental intrusion; and to avoid harm to most special-interest groups. Not surprisingly, the plan reflects the many political ...References1. Rice T, Brown ER, Win R. Holes in the Jackson Hole approach to health care reform. JAMA. 1993; 270:1357-62. Google Scholar2. Starr P. The Logic of Health-Care Reform: Transforming American Medicine for the Better. Knoxville, TN: Whittle Direct Books; 1992. Google Scholar3. Emanuel EJ, Brett AS. Managed competition and the patient–physician relationship. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:879-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven A. Schroeder, MDAffiliations: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ 08543-2316.Corresponding Author: Steven A. Schroeder, MD, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Route 1 and College Road East, P.O. Box 2316, Princeton, NJ 08543-2316. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byU.S. Health-Care Organizations: Complexity, Turbulence, and Multilevel ChangeTrafficking in Tobacco Farm Culture: Tobacco Companies' Use of Video Imagery to Undermine Health PolicyHEALTH-CARE REFORM UNDER PRESIDENT CLINTON: ISSUES, IDEAS AND IMPLICATIONSCareers in academic neurology in the decade of the brain 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 945-947KeywordsHealth careHealth care qualityHealth information technologyHealth insuranceMedical servicesMedicareMotivationPatientsPopulation statisticsResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Appeal court refuses mother's request for hysterectomy
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Court of Appeal in London last week overturned a High Court ruling giving the go-ahead for a hysterectomy to be performed on a 29 year old woman with severe learning disabilities. Her mother had sought court sanction for the operation to stop her daughter's periods and prevent her from getting pregnant.

Dame Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, president of the High Court's family division, said that High Court judge Mr Justice Wall had erred in holding that both treatments under consideration (a laparoscopic subtotal hyster-ectomy …
POT1 mutations cause telomere dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Andrew J Ramsay, Víctor Quesada, Miguel Foronda, Laura Conde, Alejandra Martínez-Trillos, Neus Villamor, David Rodríguez, Agnieszka Kwarciak, Cecilia Garabaya, Mercedes Gallardo, Mónica López-Guerra, Armando López-Guillermo, Xose S Puente, María A Blasco, Elías Campo, Carlos López-Otín
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Weighing in on the future of gene patenting
Authors: Kathryn Claiborn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Judge Robert Sweet of the Southern District of New York issued a ruling against Myriad Genetics, holder of exclusive patents on the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, indicating that genes should not be eligible for patent protection.In October, the Justice Department surprised policy watchers by filing an amicus brief in support of the ruling.James Evans (Figure 1), who chaired a task force on gene patents and licensing practices for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), recently spoke to the JCI about gene patents and the likely impact of this ruling.JCI: About 20% of human genes are currently under patent protection.How does that affect researchers who want to work on those genes and gene products?Evans: From a clinical standpoint, it is very restrictive.The genes under patent and
Annular Vesiculobullous Eruption in a Healthy Young Man
Authors: Emma F. Johnson, Michaela H. Jacobs, Aimee C. Smidt
Journal: JAMA (2013)

A previously healthy 20-year-old man presents with a mildly pruritic, progressive rash. The eruption began in his scalp and subsequently spread over 9 days’ time to his neck, back, and chest. He had been seen in the emergency department andprescribedoral cephalexin for theeruption, with no improvement. He denies any other use of medication (including prescription or over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, andvitamins) in thedays,weeks, or months prior to onset. He denies any travel or illicit drug use. The patient otherwise feels well, without fever, chills, or systemic symptoms.Hehas receivedappropriate immunizations,hasnorelevant family history, and has never experienced similar episodes. The physical examination is notable for numerous grouped vesicles and relatively monomorphic tensebullae, coalescing intomarkedly annular plaques, superimposedon erythematous baseswith central clearing and scale. Theeruption isgeneralizedandsymmetricbutpredominatesonhisposterior neck, back, chest andupper arms (Figure 1), and inner thighs.He is otherwise afebrile and appears well. Quiz at jama.com A B
Problems for risk assessment of endocrine-active estrogenic compounds.
Authors: Stephen H Safe, Lea Pallaroni, Kyungsil Yoon, Kevin Gaido, Susan Ross, Donald McDonnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Estrogenic industrial compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol typically bind estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERBeta and induce transactivation of estrogen-responsive genes/reporter genes, but their potencies are usually greater than or equal to 1,000-fold lower than observed for 17Beta-estradiol. Risk assessment of estrogenic compounds on the basis of their potencies in simple reporter gene or binding assays may be inappropriate. For example, selective ER modulators (SERMs) represent another class of synthetic estrogens being developed for treatment of hormone-dependent problems. SERMs differentially activate wild-type ERalpha and variant forms expressing activation function 1 (ER-AF1) and AF2 (ER-AF2) in human HepG2 hepatoma cells transfected with an estrogen-responsive complement C3 promoter-luciferase construct, and these in vitro differences reflect their unique in vivo biologies. The HepG2 cell assay has also been used in our laboratories to investigate the estrogenic activities of the following structurally diverse synthetic and phytoestrogens: 4 -hydroxytamoxifen; BPA; 2 ,4 ,6 -trichloro-4-biphenylol; 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 -tetrachloro-4-biphenylol; p-t-octylphenol; p-nonylphenol; naringenin; kepone; resveratrol; and 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane. The results show that synthetic and phytoestrogens are weakly estrogenic but induce distinct patterns of ER agonist/antagonist activities that are cell context- and promoter-dependent, suggesting that these compounds will induce tissue-specific (in vivo(ER agonist or antagonist activities. These results suggest that other receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, that also bind structurally diverse ligands may exhibit unique responses in vivo that are not predicted by standard in vitro bioassays.
Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection
Authors: Natalia Rubinstein, Mariano Alvarez, Norberto W Zwirner, Marta A Toscano, Juan M Ilarregui, Alicia Bravo, José Mordoh, Leonardo Fainboim, Osvaldo L Podhajcer, Gabriel A Rabinovich
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)