tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of brush border remodeling induced by enteropathogenic<i>E. coli</i>
Authors: David A Shifrin, Jr., Scott W Crawley, Nathan E Grega-Larson, Matthew J Tyska
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induces dramatic remodeling of enterocyte brush borders, a process that includes microvillar effacement and actin pedestal formation. Although the Arp2/3 complex is involved in formation of a branched actin network within pedestals, the fate of parallel actin bundles in microvilli during infection remains unclear. Here, we find that in polarized intestinal epithelial cells, EPEC stimulates long-range microvillar dynamics, pulling protrusions toward sites of bacterial attachment in a process mediated by the adhesion molecule protocadherin-24. Additionally, retraction of the EPEC bundle forming pilus stimulates directed elongation of nearby microvilli. These processes lead to coalescence of microvilli and incorporation of the underlying parallel actin bundles into pedestals. Furthermore, stabilization of microvillar actin bundles delays pedestal formation. Together, these results suggest a model where EPEC takes advantage of pre-existing actin filaments in microvillar core bundles to facilitate pedestal formation.
Opportunities to improve outpatient compliance of evidence-based therapy in patients with known prior coronary artery disease admitted for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Richard F. Otten, Eva M. Kline-Rogers, Bruce Rogers, Prasanth Lingam, Yassar Almanaseer, Fauziya Hassan, Firas Al-Marayati, Kim A. Eagle, Jianming Fang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Nose Inspires
Authors: Wingate M. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The one who contributed the "News Capsule" in Smile a While (<i>JAMA</i><b>182:</b>262, Oct 6) [also Smile a While<b>180:</b>184, June 30] apparently received his inspiration from Dostoyevsky, who in<i>The Brothers Karamazov</i>made fun of the medical profession by using the same illustration: ... The old doctor who used to cure all sorts of disease has completely disappeared. I assure you, now there are only specialists and they all advertise in the newspapers. If anything is wrong with your nose, they send you to Paris: there, they say, is a European specialist who cures noses. If you go to Paris, he'll look at your nose; I can only cure your right nostril, he'll tell you, for I don't cure the left nostril, that's not my specialty, but go to Vienna, there there's a specialist who will cure your left nostril.
IK1 blockade is a potentially useful antiarrhythmic mechanism
Authors: S. A Rees, M. J Curtis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article IK1 blockade is a potentially useful antiarrhythmic mechanism Get access Siân A Rees, Siân A Rees Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom. Correspondence to Dr Curtis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J Curtis Michael J Curtis Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 3, March 1994, Page 421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.3.421 Published: 01 March 1994
Contrasting effects of testosterone and stanozolol on serum lipoprotein levels
Authors: P. D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Oral anabolic steroids produce striking reductions in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. We hypothesized that this effect related to their route of administration and was unrelated to their androgenic potency. We administered oral stanozolol (6 mg/d) or supraphysiological doses of intramuscular testosterone enanthate (200 mg/wk) to 11 male weight lifters for six weeks in a crossover design. Stanozolol reduced HDL-cholesterol and the HDL2 subfraction by 33% and 71%, respectively. In contrast, testosterone decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration by only 9% and the decrease was in the HDL3 subfraction. Apolipoprotein A-I level decreased 40% during stanozolol but only 8% during testosterone treatment. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased 29% with stanozolol and decreased 16% with testosterone treatment. Stanozolol, moreover, increased postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity by 123%, whereas the maximum change during testosterone therapy (+25%) was not significant. Weight gain was similar with both drugs, but testosterone was more effective in suppressing gonadotropic hormones. We conclude that the undesirable lipoprotein effects of 17-alpha-alkylated steroids given orally are different from those of parenteral testosterone and that the latter may be preferable in many clinical situations.
Drug-Induced QT Prolongation in Women During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Ignacio Rodriguez
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Women have a higher incidence of torsades de pointes than men, but it is not known if the risk of drug-induced torsades de pointes varies during the menstrual cycle.To determine if the degree of QT prolongation in response to ibutilide varies with the menstrual cycle phase and to compare QT prolongation between women and men.Cohort study of men and women who received the same intervention conducted between November 1998 and November 2000 at a general clinical research center of a university hospital.A volunteer sample of 58 healthy adults (38 men and 20 women) aged 21 to 40 years.A low dose of ibutilide (0.003 mg/kg), infused intravenously for 10 minutes. Subjects were monitored for 120 minutes. Women received the intervention on 3 separate occasions to correspond with menstrual cycle phases, which were verified by using hormonal assays.QT interval, recorded from electrocardiogram at timed intervals during and after ibutilide infusion and standardized for variations in heart rate (QTc).Maximum (mean [SD]) millisecond increase in QTc after ibutilide infusion was greater for women during menses (63 [13]) and the ovulatory phase (59 [17]) compared with women during the luteal phase (53 [14]) and compared with men (46 [16]; P =.002 vs menses and P =.007 vs ovulation). Progesterone (r = -0.40) and progesterone-to-estradiol ratio (r = -0.41), but not estradiol (r = 0.14) or testosterone (r = 0.09), were inversely correlated with ibutilide-induced QT prolongation.Menstrual cycle and sex differences exist in QTc responses to ibutilide, with the greatest increase in QTc corresponding to the first half of the menstrual cycle.
Orphan Nuclear Receptors: From Gene to Function*
Authors: Vincent Giguère
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II. Nuclear Receptors: General Concepts A. Anatomy of nuclear receptors B. Mechanisms of action III. Orphan Nuclear Receptors A. Definition B. Nomenclature C. Structural and functional diversity IV. Novel Hormone Response Systems: RXR and Its Heterodimeric Partners A. RXR: rexinoids B. PPAR: multiple ligands, multiple functions C. PXR: pregnanes, xenobiotic compounds, and benzoate derivatives D. CAR (constitutive androstane receptor): androstanes and phenobarbital E. LXR: control of cholesterol metabolism by oxysterols F. FXR: bile acids receptor V. Orphans in Search of a Home A. HNF4: diabetes and possible regulation by acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters B. FTZ-F1: steroidogenesis and sexual development C. Rev-Erb: singular members of the superfamily D. ROR: neuron development and T cell selection E. TR2: the testis receptors F. TLX: forebrain development G. COUP-TF: neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and heart development H. ERR: placenta development and control of lipid metabolism I. NGFI-B: hyp...
Androgen Inhibition of Atherogenesis in Pullets
Authors: D. L. COOK, R. A. EDGREN, T. W. HARRIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Continuous testosterone propionate administration, but not pretreatment, inhibited cholesterol-induced coronary atherogenesis in pullets. This inhibition was associated with depression of the plasma total cholesterol, phospholipids. c/p ratio and turbidity. Aortic atherogenesis was not affected.
Genetic Control of Obesity and Gut Microbiota Composition in Response to High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet in Mice
Authors: Brian W. Parks, Elizabeth Nam, Elin Org, Emrah Kostem, Frode Norheim, Simon T. Hui, Calvin Pan, Mete Civelek, Christoph D. Rau, Brian J. Bennett, Margarete Mehrabian, Luke K. Ursell, Aiqing He, Lawrence W. Castellani, Bradley Zinker, Mark Kirby, Thomas A. Drake, Christian A. Drevon, Rob Knight, Peter Gargalovic, Todd Kirchgessner, Eleazar Eskin, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Click Hybridization of Immune Cells and Polyamidoamine Dendrimers
Authors: Leyuan Xu, Olga Yu. Zolotarskaya, W. Andrew Yeudall, Hu Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Immobilizing highly branched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers to the cell surface represents an innovative method of enhancing cell surface loading capacity to deliver therapeutic and imaging agents. In this work, hybridized immune cells, that is, macrophage RAW264.7 (RAW), with PAMAM dendrimer G4.0 (DEN) on the basis of bioorthogonal chemistry are clicked. Efficient and selective cell surface immobilization of dendrimers is confirmed by confocal microscopy. Viability and motility of RAW‐DEN hybrids remain the same as untreated RAW cells according to WST‐1 assay and wound closure assay. Furthermore, Western blot analysis reveals that there are no significant alterations in the expression levels of signaling molecules AKT, p38, and NFκB (p65) and their corresponding activated (phosphorylated) forms in RAW cells treated with azido sugar and dendrimer, indicating that the hybridization process neither induced cell stress response nor altered normal signaling pathways. Taken together, this work shows the feasibility of applying bioorthogonal chemistry to create cell‐nanoparticle hybrids and demonstrates the noninvasiveness of this cell surface engineering approach.
Molecular determinants of metastatic transformation.
Authors: S E Egan, J A Wright, A H Greenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

In recent years, experimental systems have developed to analyze genetic and epigenetic regulation of the metastatic phenotype. Numerous studies have uncovered a potent role for transforming oncogenes in metastatic conversion. In addition, it has been shown that oncoprotein products operate in a dose-dependent fashion. The continued expression of oncoproteins is required to induce and regulate metastatic dissemination of tumor cells and, consequently, many of the signal transduction pathways that are controlled by the oncogene products can regulate metastasis. Exogenous growth factors that act through these same pathways also alter metastatic potential. Some primary and immortalized cells can be transformed by oncogenes but remain completely benign and nonmetastatic. Malignant transformation can be achieved in these cells through the cooperative interaction of specific oncogenes or loss of active suppression regulated by recessive genetic determinants. Therefore, it is likely that tumor cells acquire the metastatic phenotype through the cooperative interaction of dominant and recessive genetic alterations. This model is consistent with the correlative data accumulating in studies of human tumor specimens where more malignant carcinomas often contain both activating mutations in oncogenes and either inactivating mutations or loss of tumor-suppressor genes.
Trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water: a human exposure trial in Adelaide, Australia.
Authors: Kenneth L Froese, Martha I Sinclair, Steve E Hrudey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We addressed the need for a biomarker of ingestion exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products by performing a human exposure trial. We evaluated urinary excretion of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) as an exposure biomarker using 10 volunteers who normally consume their domestic tap water. We recruited the volunteers at a water quality research laboratory in Adelaide, Australia. Participants maintained a detailed consumption and exposure diary over the 5-week study. We also analyzed tap water and first morning urine (FMU) samples for TCAA, and tap water for chloral hydrate (CH). We documented both interindividual and intraindividual variability in TCAA ingestion and urinary excretion, and both were substantial. With a TCAA-free bottled water intervention, we used creatinine-adjusted urinary TCAA levels to estimate urinary TCAA excretion half-lives for three of the participants. We observed correspondence over time between estimated TCAA excretion, calculated from TCAA + CH ingestion levels, and measured TCAA urinary excretion. This study demonstrates the merits and feasibility of using TCAA in FMU as an exposure biomarker, and reveals remaining concerns about possible alternate sources of TCAA exposure for individuals with low drinking water ingestion exposure.
SOME NOTES CONCERNING PREPARATION OF TEETH FOR MICROSCOPIC STUDY.
Authors: MARTHA ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The results obtained in working teeth for the past few years do not justify a paper on the subject, but these few notes are given to tabulate results—successes and failures—hoping to bring out criticisms on the methods used. In decalcification the results have been far from satisfactory. In order to protect the dentine and get the pulp and dentine<i>in situ</i>, the slower methods of decalcification are better, but the delay has disadvantages. The acid mixtures penetrate and destroy the staining properties of the tissues and cause distortion. In order to save the pulp, the apical foramina were sealed with collodion or sealing wax; this has not been satisfactory, as the sealing material comes off in spite of careful handling. Nitric acid in weak solution gives slow decalcification. A 2 per cent. solution with frequent changing every few days, took over one month to give results. Lee says HNO<sub>3</sub>
Genocide and the Plight of Children in Rwanda
Authors: Paul Geltman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE RWANDAN genocide of 1994 will be remembered as one of the greatest human tragedies of our time. In less than 3 months, extremists systematically slaughtered more than 500 000 people, including thousands of children.<sup>1</sup>The massacres reignited a bloody civil war that forced more than 4 million people to flee their homes.<sup>2</sup>Today, nearly 3 years later, Rwanda remains a highly traumatized society, where children are its most vulnerable members. Among those most at risk are more than 100000 children who were orphaned or separated from their parents (United Nations Children's Fund, unpublished data, press release 94/26, May 24, 1994). Between August 1994 and February 1996, we traveled on 3 occasions to Rwanda and northeastern Zaire as representatives of Médecins du Monde and Physicians for Human Rights. Our task was to assess the nature and scope of the Rwandan genocide and its effects on children. We also
PATIENTS WITH INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION REQUIRE MORE SEDATION DURING COLONOSCOPY
Authors: V Kale, C Dunne, M Ahmed, S Lee Chun, G Cullen, H Mulcahy, G Doherty
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy is the gold standard for assessing inflammation in the colon and ileum, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the IBD cohort, colonoscopy is of valuable for diagnosing disease, assessing severity, treatment response and identifying complications of the disease (e.g strictures, dysplasia). However, IBD patients are often reluctant to undergo colonoscopy and anecdotally appear to tolerate endoscopy less well than non-IBD patients. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To assess the tolerability of colonoscopy in patients with and without intestinal inflammation by measuring the amount of sedation required and by comparison of the rates of completion and reasons for failed completion. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively analysed a prospectively maintained endoscopy database in a tertiary referral centre over a four year period from 2009 to 2012. We identified all colonoscopy procedures performed during this period and divided these into two groups depending on the presence or absence of endoscopic evidence of colitis and or ileitis. Data was analysed by Fishers exact test and 2-sample t-test, as appropriate. <h3>Results</h3> 954 (9.43%) out of 9000 procedures performed during the timeframe of the study had endoscopic evidence of either colitis and/or ileitis. The mean age in Group 1 (those with colitis and/or ileitis) was 46.6 years. This was significant less than the mean age in Group 2 (those without colitis and/or ileitis) which was 58 years (p&lt;0.001), in line with the younger age profile of IBD. The proportion of females was less in Group 1 (44% versus 53%). Unadjusted completion rates were significantly better in Group 1, (87% Vs 81%, p&lt;0.0001). The mean dose of midazolam used in Group 1 was significantly higher than Group 2, (6.13 mg vs 5.47 mg, p&lt;0.0001). The mean dose of fentanyl required was also significantly higher in Group 1, (70.7mcg Vs 55.5mcg, p&lt;0.0001). There was no significant difference in the need for use of reversal agent (flumazenil) after (0.004% Vs 0.008%, p=0.22). In a multivariate analysis, midazolam dose was positively associated with the presence of intestinal inflammation, independent of patient age and gender (p=0.025). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patient with evidence of intestinal inflammation (colitis and/or ileitis) at the time of colonoscopy require significantly higher doses of sedation and analgesia to facilitate the examination, but are no more likely to require use of reversal agents. These results are consistent with the clinical observation that IBD patients tolerate colonoscopy less well than non-IBD patients and suggest that guidelines on use of sedation during colonoscopy should be tailored to reflect the specific needs of IBD patients, who require endoscopy to be performed frequently as part of their clinical care.
Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: a study with intracoronary injection of acetylcholine.
Authors: K Okumura, H Yasue, Y Horio, K Takaoka, K Matsuyama, K Kugiyama, H Fujii, Y Morikami
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Multivessel coronary spasm has been described but its incidence in patients with variant angina still remains unclear. Thirty-three patients with variant angina were studied during coronary angiographic examination with selective intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (ACh). In all but three patients, the location of ischemia during attack was determined by the electrocardiographic findings, by exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy, and by two-dimensional echocardiography during a hyperventilation test, and the coronary artery (or arteries) responsible for the attack was predicted before the study. ACh induced spasm of at least one coronary artery in all but one patient. ACh induced spasm of both the left and right coronary arteries (i.e., multivessel coronary spasm) in 24 patients: in two of the four patients who were predicted to have spasm of the left coronary artery, in six of the 11 predicted to have spasm of the right coronary artery, in 13 of the 15 predicted to have spasm of both the left and right coronary arteries, and in three of the three in whom coronary artery responsible for attack had not been predicted. This ACh-induced spasm of the left and right coronary arteries occurred separately and no patients showed hemodynamic instability during attack. In one patient in whom multivessel coronary spasm had been predicted and ACh failed to induice coronary spasm, ergonovine maleate (0.2 mg) induced spasm of both the left and right coronary arteries simultaneously, resulting in severe prolonged hypotension. Nineteen of the 25 patients in whom multivessel coronary spasm was documented showed angiographically normal or nearly normal coronary arteries after administration of nitroglycerin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acupuncture-Needle Fragments
Authors: E S Chiu, J H Austin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs of a 42-year-old Japanese man reveal fine metallic opacities in the soft tissues of the back. The opacities represent indwelling gold acupuncture needles aligned along vertical “meridians” of the torso. Four years earlier, the needles had been inserted in the skin by an acupuncturist and then broken off intentionally. The back was normal on physical examination. The patient believes that the needle fragments absorb energy from his surroundings, balance his yin and yang forces, and thereby improve his health. The fragments remain in the subcutaneous tissues permanently.
Benzene adducts with rat nucleic acids and proteins: dose-response relationship after treatment in vivo.
Authors: M Mazzullo, S Bartoli, B Bonora, A Colacci, S Grilli, G Lattanzi, A Niero, M P Turina, S Parodi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The dose-response relationship of the benzene covalent interaction with biological macromolecules from rat organs was studied. The administered dose range was 3.6 x 10(7) starting from the highest dosage employed, 486 mg/kg, which is oncogenic for rodents, and included low and very low dosages. The present study was initially performed with tritium-labeled benzene, administered by IP injection. In order to exclude the possibility that part of the detected radioactivity was due to tritium incorporated into DNA from metabolic processes, 14C-benzene was then also used following a similar experimental design. By HPLC analysis, a single adduct from benzene-treated DNA was detected; adduct identification will be attempted in the near future. Linear dose-response relationship was observed within most of the range of explored doses. Linearity was particularly evident within low and very low dosages. Saturation of benzene metabolism did occur at the highest dosages for most of the assayed macromolecules and organs, especially in rat liver. This finding could be considered as indicative of the dose-response relationship of tumor induction and could be used in risk assessment.
SOCS3 regulates graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Geoffrey R. Hill, Rachel D. Kuns, Neil C. Raffelt, Alistair L. J. Don, Stuart D. Olver, Kate A. Markey, Yana A. Wilson, Joel Tocker, Warren S. Alexander, Andrew D. Clouston, Andrew W. Roberts, Kelli P. A. MacDonald
Journal: Blood (2010)