tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coxsackie B2 virus infection and acute-onset diabetes in a child.
Authors: C Wilson, J M Connolly, D Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

take less time.Tearing of the mesosalpinx is a recognised, if infrequent, complication and it can usually be controlled by reapplication of the ring.Postoperative lower abdominal pain has been a problem, and although only six of the patients at follow-up commented on its severity, it clearly caused them considerable distress in the immediate postoperative period.We now apply 2% lignocaine gel to the tubes at operation in an attempt to prevent this complication.The site of application of the ring on the tube seems to have no effect on the incidence or severity of the pain.Advocates of this method of sterilisation claim advantages over tubal diathermy in terms of increased chance of reversibility.This claim has not yet been substantiated but might be understandable since there would appear to be less tubal damage than with diathermy.The pregnancy rate in the published series2-4 is extremely low, and although our follow-up is short (the study began in April 1976), no pregnancies have so far been reported.Laparoscopic tubal diathermy is associated with an increased incidence of menstrual problems in patients seen up to 28 months after procedure.5Long-term follow-up of patients sterilised using diathermy and a comparison with a similar series of patients sterilised using the Silastic-band technique is underway, and may provide data that is helpful in understanding this late complication of female sterilisation.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis is uncommon
Authors: A. Darvay, I.R. White, R.J.G. Rycroft, A.B. Jones, J.L.M. Hawk, J.P. Mcfadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Despite the enormous increase in sunscreen use, allergic contact (AC) and photoallergic (PA) reactions to ultraviolet (UV) filters are considered rare.To analyse the data from 2715 patients who underwent photopatch testing at St John's Institute of Dermatology during the period 1983-98.A retrospective analysis of all positive photopatch test episodes was undertaken with the results retrieved from the environmental dermatology database and further verified with the original archived patch test documentation for each individual patient.In 111 patients with positive reactions (4.1%), there were 155 AC or PA reactions to allergens in the photopatch test series. Eighty PA reactions were observed in 62 (2.3%) patients (32 men and 30 women, age range 28-75 years), with UV filters accounting for 52 positive reactions (65%), drugs 16 (20%), musk ambrette 11 (14%) and the antiseptic trichlorocarbanilide one (1%). The most common UV filter photoallergen was benzophenone-3 with 14 positive results, followed by benzophenone-10 (n = 9), isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (n = 6), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (n = 5), octyl dimethyl PABA (n = 5), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (n = 4), isoamyl methoxycinnamate (n = 2), ethyl methoxycinnamate (n = 2), octyl methoxycinnamate (n = 2), amyl dimethyl PABA (n = 2) and phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid (n = 1). A similar number of AC reactions to UV filters was detected in this study. Thus 49 patients (1.8%) had a total of 75 reactions: 51 due to UV filters and 24 as a result of exposure to fragrances and therapeutic agents. Benzophenone-10 accounted for 13 AC reactions and benzophenone-3 for eight reactions. Twenty-two patients had a PA reaction alone, whereas 19 patients had chronic actinic dermatitis and 15 patients polymorphic light eruption (PLE) in addition. Thus, 34 of the 62 patients (55%) had a preceding underlying photodermatosis.These results show a low yield of positive photopatch tests. Thus, despite the large increase in the use of UV filters over the last decade, the development of PA reactions remains rare. Furthermore, most of the common UV filter photoallergens identified in this study, including PABA, amyl dimethyl PABA and benzophenone-10, are now rarely used in sunscreen manufacture, while isopropyl dibenzoylmethane was voluntarily removed from the market in 1993. Currently, benzophenone-3 is the commonest contact photoallergen still in widespread use. In contrast, the UVB filter octyl methoxycinnamate, used in a number of sunscreens, produced only two positive PA reactions in 12 years of testing. Nevertheless, although these reactions are extremely rare, patients with photodermatoses such as PLE and chronic actinic dermatitis do represent a group of patients at increased risk of developing photoallergy. Further photopatch test series should be regularly reviewed and updated, as the relevance of individual photoallergens changes over time. Currently, there is no evidence that PA reactions represent a common clinical problem.
MicroRNAs in flow-dependent vascular remodelling
Authors: Peter Neth, Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh, Andreas Schober, Christian Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Changes in haemodynamic forces in the vascular system result in an altered expression of miRs, which play important gene-regulatory roles by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to fine-tune post-transcriptional repression. The development and structure of blood vessels are highly adapted to haemodynamic forces, such as shear stress, cyclic stretch, and circumferential wall stress, generated by the conductance of blood. Thus, fluctuations in shear stress contribute to miR-regulated differential gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs), which is essential for maintenance of vascular physiology. Several microRNAs have been identified that are induced by high shear stress mediating an atheroprotective role, such as miR-10a, miR-19a, miR-23b, miR-101, and miR-143/145. While changes in the expression profile of miR-21 and miR-92a by high shear stress are associated with an atheroprotective function, low shear stress-induced expression of miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-663 results in a pathological EC phenotype. MiR-155 fulfils pleiotropic functions in different regions of vasculature, when exposed to different modes of shear stress. Thus, changes in shear stress result in differential expression of numerous miRs, triggering the balance between susceptibility and resistance to cardiovascular diseases. Further elucidating the regulation of miRs by flow may allow future clinical applications of miRs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Nomogram for Prediction of Toxicities in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (ACRC) Treated with Irinotecan (IRI)-Based Regimens
Authors: W. Ichikawa, K. Uehara, K. Minamimura, C. Tanaka, Y. Takii, S. Morita, Y. Ando, T. Sugiyama, Y. Ohashi, Y. Sakata
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Reversal by Interleukin-2 of Alopecia Universalis, Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, and Sexual Impotence in a Patient With Malignant Thymoma
Authors: E. SANDER, G. PROLLA, A. R. MARQUES, T. ZELMANOWITZ, M. ZAMPESE, G. SCHWARTSMANN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)
Inhibition of Nonneuronal α7-Nicotinic Receptor for Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Laura Paleari, Eva Negri, Alessia Catassi, Michele Cilli, Denis Servent, Rolando D'Angelillo, Alfredo Cesario, Patrizia Russo, Massimo Fini
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Studies strongly suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors for nicotine (nAChRs) play a significant role in lung cancer predisposition and natural history. The nAChR alpha7 subunit has been found to be pivotal in the control of nicotine-induced lung cancer development and in growth signal transduction induced by nicotine binding to nAChRs.To investigate the anticancer effects of alpha7-nAChR antagonists.(1) To check the correlation between alpha7-nAChR presence and alpha-cobratoxin (alpha-CbT) sensitivity, binding experiments were performed in various normal human cells, lung cancer cell lines, and primary tumoral cells; (2) to demonstrate that alpha-CbT might be an efficient adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) we expanded our previous observations to a panel of NSCLCs of various subtypes orthotopically grafted on nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice; (3) to gain insight into the mechanism of alpha-CbT-induced tumor reduction, the cells obtained after enzymatic digestion of tumors were analyzed for procaspase-9, Bax, Bad, and Bcl-X(L) protein; and (4) Snail/E-cadherin expression was evaluated to acquire information about the chemoresistance of cancer cells to alpha-CbT.We report herein the results of an experimental strategy aimed at investigating the antitumor effects of a powerful alpha7-nAChR antagonist, alpha-CbT, in an in vivo setting set to mimic the clinical setting of lung cancer; in addition, a possible explanation for alpha-CbT selectivity toward cancer cells is presented.We report the prolonged survival of alpha-CbT-treated animals in our mouse model of NSCLC, which is most likely the result of multiple mechanisms, including various antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects.
CREATINE METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: HENRY G. PONCHER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The discovery of metabolic functions of creatine in muscle metabolism has attracted considerable clinical interest in the study and treatment of disorders of the muscular system, particularly in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis. This subject was reviewed by Harris and Brand<sup>1</sup>in a recent issue ofThe Journal. Evidence is gradually accumulating, however, which indicates that the metabolism of creatine has a wider clinical importance than in the specific myopathic diseases. Changes in creatine excretion have been noted in individuals not suffering from disorders of the muscular system. A detailed discussion of these changes and their significance in the various phases of normal and pathologic physiology may be found in the writings of Hunter<sup>2</sup>and Rose.<sup>3</sup>It seems likely that creatinuria in the human being is related to defective creatine storage in muscle or to abnormally high creatine synthesis. Creatinuria occurs in all types of muscular
Iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease: Relationship between structure, redox activity, and toxicity
Authors: Timothy B. Chaston, Des R. Richardson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract The success of the iron (Fe) chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) in the treatment of β‐thalassemia is limited by its lack of bioavailability. The design and characterization of synthetic alternatives to DFO has attracted much scientific interest and has led to the discovery of orally active chelators that can remove pathological Fe deposits. However, chelators that access intracellular Fe pools can be toxic by either inhibiting Fe‐containing enzymes or promoting Fe‐mediated free radical damage. Interestingly, toxicity does not necessarily correlate with Fe‐binding affinity or with chelation efficacy, suggesting that other factors may promote the cytopathic effects of chelators. In this review, we discuss the interactions of chelators and their Fe complexes with biomolecules that can lead to toxicity and tissue damage. Am. J. Hematol. 73:200–210, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN RATS LIVING UNDER COMPRESSED AIR CONDITIONS
Authors: Granville A. Bennett, F. J. C. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was demonstrated in a series of rats that had been kept for 24-31 days in an environment of compressed air, having a barometric pressure of 3040 mm. Hg. The partial pressure of oxygen was 635 mm. Hg, which is equivalent to an 83.6 per cent oxygen mixture at normal barometric pressure. 2. Sclerosing changes in the pulmonary arterioles have been observed which precede the development of demonstrable hypertension in the pulmonary circulation. These vessels showed histological changes that were indicative of injury after 3 days of exposure. There was a thickening of the walls which stained more intensely with eosin, as well as marked perivascular edema and often a narrowing of the lumina. Progressive thickening, narrowing, and hyalinization of the pulmonary arterioles occurred later, after the disappearance of perivascular edema. These changes appeared very similar to the renal arterial lesions seen at autopsy in patients dying from malignant hypertension. 3. Pathological examination did not reveal significant or constant changes from normal in any organs except the lungs and heart. The blood vessels of the systemic circulation showed no pathological change. 4. The walls of the large pulmonary arteries increased in thickness rapidly after the 3rd day of exposure. This change was due to the progressive formation and condensation of fibrous tissue outside of the media and to a lesser extent to thickening of the alternate layers of elastic tissue and smooth muscle in the arterial wall. 5. Marked dilatation of the right ventricle and conus arteriosus as well as small areas of scar tissue formation in the right ventricle were present on prolonged exposure. A few hearts showed larger areas of fibrosis that were visible on macroscopic examination. 6. The systemic arterial blood pressure of a small series of rats exposed to compressed air for 38 days and examined 7 to 10 days after decompression was in each instance less than one-half the average normal pressure. 7. The findings in this study are consistent with the clinical and pathological signs of pulmonary hypertension in man. 8. The anatomical alterations observed in the alveolar units of the lungs were essentially the same as those previously described (1). 9. A method has been devised whereby pulmonary arterial hypertension, accompanied by important sclerotic changes in the arteries of the pulmonary circulation can be induced for investigation.
Biopsy of the Bronchial Wall as an Aid in Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Oscar H. Friedman, Stanley M. Blaugrund, Louis E. Siltzbach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Involvement of the bronchial wall in sarcoidosis is more common than previously realized. The distinctive non-caseating, epithelioid-cell granulomas were found on bronchoscopic biopsy in 22 of 35 patients. Symptoms of bronchial obstruction were often absent, and the bronchial mucosa frequently had a normal appearance in spite of microscopic granulomatous involvement. Positive biopsies were obtained on bronchoscopy from 18 of 27 patients with disseminated pulmonary lesions, but even in 4 of 8 patients with bilateral hilar node enlargement alone, random bronchoscopic biopsies disclosed granulomatous seeding. Since bronchial granulomas persist into the late stage of pulmonary sarcoidosis, bronchial biopsy corroborates the diagnosis when other sources such as scalene fat pad and Nickerson-Kveim test sites may prove unrewarding. Random bronchoscopic biopsy adds a new and simple technique for the tissue diagnosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis.
Erratum to “Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children with heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a non‐β‐blocker therapy setting” [Eur J Heart Fail 10 (2008) 560–565]
Authors: Guilherme Veiga Guimarães, Veridiana Moraes d'Avila, Paulo Roberto Camargo, Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira, Jose Ramon Lanz, Edimar Alcides Bocchi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Responsibilities of the Basic Sciences to Medicine
Authors: Philip P. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This topic has been a matter of discussion ever since medical education dedicated itself to the goal of making the practice of medicine a scientific discipline based on the scientific principles of biology, chemistry, physics, etc. With the acceptance of this dedication, there has been continued discussion of the role of the basic sciences and there is very little more that I can say on this topic that has not already been said before by many medical educators. However, the basic issue persists, viz, that if medicine is to continue its dedication to becoming a scientific discipline it must be prepared to incorporate all scientific advances made in the basic areas of biology, chemistry, physics, etc, as they apply to man. The only reason that this topic is a recurrent one and appropriate for discussion at this time again is that the dedication of medicine to become a scientific discipline
Aged Human Cells Rejuvenated by Cytokine Enhancement of Biomaterials for Surgical Ventricular Restoration
Authors: Kai Kang, Lu Sun, Yun Xiao, Shu-Hong Li, Jun Wu, Jian Guo, Shu-Ling Jiang, Lei Yang, Terrence M. Yau, Richard D. Weisel, Milica Radisic, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Symptomatic In-Hospital Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Among Patients Receiving Recommended Prophylaxis
Authors: Jean-Marie Januel, Guanmin Chen, Christiane Ruffieux, Hude Quan, James D. Douketis, Mark A. Crowther, Cyrille Colin, William A. Ghali, Bernard Burnand, for the IMECCHI Group
Journal: JAMA (2012)

thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, is an important safety issue in acute care hospitals. 1Without prophylaxis, VTE (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) is the most frequent surgical adverse event after infections. 2 In the absence of prophylactic therapy, the incidence of postoperative VTE is particularly high after orthopedic surgery: the incidence of DVT (as detected by screening tests) varies from 42% to 57% after hip arthroplasty and from 41% to 85% after knee arthoplasty; the incidence of pulmonary embolism varies from 0.9% to 28% after hip arthroplasty
Facilitation of L-type calcium currents by diastolic depolarization in cardiac cells: impairment in heart failure
Authors: Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire, Christophe Piot, Florence Leclercq, Joël Nargeot, Sylvain Richard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Decay kinetics of the voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) control the magnitude of Ca2+ influx during the cardiac action potential. We investigated the influence of changes in diastolic membrane potential on ICaL decay kinetics in cardiac cells. Methods: Cells were isolated enzymatically from rat ventricles, human right atrial appendages obtained during corrective heart surgery and left ventricles from end-stage failing hearts of transplant recipients. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to evoke ICaL by a 100-ms depolarizing test pulse to −10 mV. Conditioning potentials between −80 and 0 mV were applied for 5 s prior to the test pulse. Results: Depolarizing the cells between −80 and −50 mV prior to the test pulse slowed the early inactivation of ICaL both in rat ventricular and human atrial cells. This slowing resulted in a significant increase of Ca2+ influx. This type of facilitation was not observed when the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content was depleted using ryanodine which reduced the rate of inactivation of ICaL, or when Ba2+ replaced Ca2+ as the permeating ion. Facilitation was favored by intracellular cAMP-promoting agents that, in addition to increasing current peak amplitude, enhanced the fast Ca2+-dependent inactivation of ICaL. Facilitation was impaired in atrial and ventricular human failing hearts. Conclusion: Decay kinetics of ICaL are regulated by the diastolic membrane potential in rat and human cardiomyocytes. This regulation, which associates slowing of ICaL inactivation with reduced SR Ca2+ release and underlies facilitation of Ca2+ channels activity, may have profound physiological relevance for catecholamines enhancement of Ca2+ influx. It is impaired in failing hearts, possibly due to lowered SR Ca2+ release.
Politicians and scientists
Authors: N. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1990)

renew the plasticine lining and repeat the procedure until one is confident in the mechanics of the resectoscope.We have used this model regularly at our gynaecological endoscopy workshops and the response of trainees has been universally positive.With minor modifications, urologists in training and others who use a resectoscope within a cavity may also find it a useful aid for endoscopic procedures.
Transplantation of Marrow from an Unrelated Donor to a Patient with Acute Leukemia
Authors: John A. Hansen, Reginald A. Clift, E. Donnall Thomas, C. Dean Buckner, Rainer Storb, Eloise R. Giblett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

MARROW transplantation between genotypically HLA-identical siblings has an established and expanding place in the management of leukemia and aplastic anemia.1 2 3 The majority of patients, unfortunately, do not have such siblings. Experience with marrow donors other than HLA-identical siblings has been limited. Recently it has been demonstrated that for patients with acute leukemia, marrow transplantation performed during remission improves the probability of disease-free survival.1 , 2 , 4 , 5 In view of this new therapeutic outlook, the determination of new criteria for donor selection has become clinically relevant. We report here a successful marrow transplantation in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second remission; the . . .
Ephrin receptor A10 is a promising drug target potentially useful for breast cancers including triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Kazuya Nagano, Yuka Maeda, So-ichiro Kanasaki, Takanobu Watanabe, Takuya Yamashita, Masaki Inoue, Kazuma Higashisaka, Yasuo Yoshioka, Yasuhiro Abe, Yohei Mukai, Haruhiko Kamada, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Shin-ichi Tsunoda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Elderly or Poor Performance Status (PS2) Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shirish M. Gadgeel, Antoinette Wozniak, John C. Ruckdeschel, Lance K. Heilbrun, Raghu Venkatramanamoorthy, Ruth A. Chaplen, Michael J. Kraut, Gregory P. Kalemkerian
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Mental Health Policy
Authors: Daniel Luchins
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: A Historical Study Illustrated by Writings From Antiquity to the 20th Century
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

More and more physicians are concerning themselves with medical history, and to an increasing extent specialty boards require that candidates possess some historical knowledge in their specialty. There is a vast array of so-called secondary sources—what has been written<i>about</i>the important historical figures or events. All too neglected have been the primary sources, the writings of the historical figures themselves. A good anthology of primary sources is highly desirable, especially if accompanied by good commentary, and this, for the field of brain structure and function, is what Clarke and O'Malley have produced. They have restricted themselves to the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system, while clinical conditions enter in only as they advanced our knowledge of these subjects. The book is in no sense a history of clinical neurology. The material is vast, and orderly presentation offers problems. The authors have chosen a subdivision of 13 major