tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Manifestation of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Paul W. Dlabal
Journal: JAMA (1980)

NODULAR poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NLPD) and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF), or Ormond's disease,<sup>1</sup>are protean in their manifestations. Lymphoma occurs in virtually every organ, and IRF involves many areas outside the retroperitoneum, including the testis and brain. We describe a case that was erroneously reported as IRF involving the spinal cord<sup>2</sup>but, on further analysis, has been shown to be a classic case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which sclerosis is a prominent feature. Fibrosis, the factor that obscured the diagnosis, may have had important prognostic implications. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old woman was informed that she had Brill-Symmer's disease (giant follicular lymphoma) based on findings from a cervical node biopsy done at another hospital in 1956. She was well with no therapy until 1967 when she came to Wilford Hall US Air Force Medical Center with flank pain and right hydronephrosis. At ureterolysis, performed in August
The Design of Trials Comparing Sentinel-Node Surgery and Axillary Resection
Authors: David Krag, Takamaru Ashikaga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The technique of the sentinel-node biopsy has reoriented our understanding of the dynamics between a solid tumor and its associated lymphatic collection system.14 Moreover, the sentinel-node biopsy is an excellent way of lessening the side effects of surgery and of improving the accuracy of regional node resection. Since this method is such a fundamental change in surgical oncology, it is important to design clinical trials that will give a clear answer to the following question: Is a reduction in survival the price of limited and more accurate surgery?The design of a clinical trial starts not with a formal . . .
Dietary Guidelines—Texas Children's Hospital
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<i>Dietary Guidelines</i>is a hospital manual designed to aid physicians, dietitians, nurses, and other paramedical personnel in the nutritional treatment of infants and children. The concise presentation of the principles of pediatric nutrition in health and disease is drawn from the extensive experience of the Texas Children's Hospital. All of the modified or special diets employed in the treatment of childhood diseases are covered in considerable detail. <i>Dietary Guidelines</i>is not a cook-book, kit-assembly approach to child feeding, since it is clearly pointed out that diets must be designed to meet the needs of the individual patient. Nevertheless, the text includes discussions of the principles on which the diets are based along with numberous charts, tables, and appendices to accommodate each dietary recommendation. The compositions of commercial and in-house regimens for oral or intravenous administration are included in impressive detail. Each condition from normal to the most recently described metabolic
Response of bone metabolism related hormones to a single session of strenuous exercise in active elderly subjects
Authors: L Maïmoun, D Simar, D Malatesta, C Caillaud, E Peruchon, I Couret, M Rossi, D Mariano-Goulart
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

To evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise on bone metabolism and related hormones in elderly subjects.Twenty one active elderly subjects (11 men and 10 women; mean age 73.3 years) showing a mean theoretical Vo2max of 151.4% participated. Concentrations of plasma ionised calcium (iCa), serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1.25(OH)2D3), as well as the bone biochemical markers type I collagen C-telopeptide for bone resorption and osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase for bone formation, were analysed before and after a maximal incremental exercise test.At basal level, iPTH was positively correlated with age (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r = -0.50; p < 0.01) and 1.25(OH)2D3 (r = -0.47; p < 0.05). Moreover, 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)2D3 levels were negatively correlated with age (r = -0.50, p < 0.01 and r = -0.53, p < 0.01, respectively). After exercise, iCa and 25(OH)D decreased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) while iPTH increased (p < 0.001). The levels of 1.25(OH)2D3, bone biochemical markers, haematocrit, and haemoglobin were unchanged. The variations in iCa and 25(OH)D were not related to age and/or sex. The iPTH variation was directly related to basal iPTH levels (p < 0.01) and indirectly related to age.In active elderly subjects, strenuous exercise disturbed calcium homeostasis and bone related hormones without immediate measurable effect on bone turnover. Although an increase in iPTH could have an anabolic action on bone tissue, our findings from our short term study did not allow us to conclude that such action occurred.
CATHARSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF "COLDS"
Authors: Hugh Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The almost universal use by the profession and the laity of laxatives and cathartics in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections (so-called "colds") suggested an investigation to determine how large a rôle this method of therapy played in shortening the duration of these conditions. A mild epidemic of acute respiratory infections—rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis — occurring during January and February, 1923, furnished an opportunity to investigate this problem among the employees of a large industrial organization situated in Chicago. In most of the cases under observation there was a more or less generalized infection of the whole upper respiratory tract before the termination of the illness. The usual complaints were general malaise, "cold" in the nose, chilliness, headache, sore throat and cough. Fever was present in most cases, but in a few this one symptom alone remained absent. A definite leukocytosis was present in
American Medical Association backs amended abortion bill
Authors: N. Macready
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Last week the American Medical Association made an 11th hour statement supporting a bill to ban a controversial procedure-intact dilatation and extraction, popularly known as partial birth abortion.

This was the first time the organisation had gone against its policy of opposing any congressional attempt to dictate medical practice. The association made its statement after the bill's Republican author, Senator Rick Santorum, from Pennsylvania, made a few changes to provide doctors with more legal protection. …
The Challenges Posed by Managed Behavioral Health Care
Authors: M F Shore, A Beigel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Someone reportedly once teased H.L. Mencken, a proudly self-proclaimed atheist, by asking him if he believed in infant baptism. “Believe in it?” Mencken replied. “Hell, I've seen it with my own eyes.” Were Mencken alive today and asked to comment on the state of mental health care, he might say something similar about managed behavioral health care (a label recently applied to managed care in the areas of both mental illness and substance abuse). Like infant baptism it is a fact of life, whether one believes in it or not. Although highly controversial in the provider community and of great . . .
Pulmonary fat embolism after prostaglandin infusion in sickle cell disease with fatal outcome despite exchange blood transfusion
Authors: Bertand Godeau, Jean‐François Dhainaut, Dora Bachir, Fredéric Galacteros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We conclude that intravenous immunoglobulin followed by platelet transfusion may serve as a valuable adjunct in the urgent treatment of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia where progressive, life-threatening thrombocytopenia complicates conventional therapeutic interventions.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION TECHNIQUES AND HIDROTHERAPY TO IMPROVE KNEE STABILITY AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ioan-Cosmin Boca, Mirela Dan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a significant process which may decisively influence patient capacity to return to usual activity levels. Physiotherapy has a favourable influence on improving stability in the ACL deficient knee by using physical exercise and manual contact, the most affordable methods that can be used to improve quality of life. A combination of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) tehniques and hydrotherapy is a treatment that can prevent stability loss and serve as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Purpose To compare the effect of adding a combination of PNF tehniques and hydrotherapy (research group) to a standard postoperative rehabilitation program (control group). Methods A total of fourty patients completed a standard rehabilitation program and in addition, twenty of them underwent 10-minute sessions of PNF tehniques and 15-minute sessions of hydrotherapy (34–36°C) each day, five days a week, for four weeks. Outcome measures including knee range of motion (ROM), manual muscle testing of flexors and extensors of the knee, functional assessment using Modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System (MCKRS), were assessed at baseline (initial assessment) and at four weeks (final assessment). Results The research group achieved significantly better results at the end of rehabilitation program compared with the control group. ROM of the reaserch group increased by 52.8° for flexion and 3.2° for extension, between the initial and final measurements in the injured knee. The corresponding changes for control group were 44° for flexion and 2° for extension. Extensor strength of the reaserch group increased by 40% and 22% for flexors, between the initial and final measurements in the injured knee, comparative to the control group where the increase was by 30% for extensors and 20% for flexors. The functional score with respect to the MCKRS, for the research group, improved by 36.4% between the initial and final measurements, whereas the corresponding changes for the control group were 25.8%. Conclusion PNF tehniques and hydrotherapy combined with standard rehabilitation program is effective at accelerating recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The Centenary of Bromides
Authors: William G. Lennox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THIS occasion calls for exercise of imagination. Imagine that you are one of the nearly 700 fellows of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London and that you are attending the biweekly session held on May 12, 1857. Lacking five months, this is just a century ago, this Society having been founded fifty-two years before, in 1805. In 1857 it occupies the ground floor of the house at 53 Berners Street; the average attendance this year is 48 members and 9 1/2 visitors, and yearly dues are 3 guineas. The twenty-sixth president of the Society is Sir Charles Locock, . . .
783 Influence of TNF gene polymorphism in patients with acute and fulminnant hepatitis
Authors: N TSUCHIYA, K TOKUSHIGE, K HASEGAWA, E HASHIMOTO, K YAMAUCHI, K SHIRATORI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common and progressive disorder of hair loss with psychological effects. However, the exact mechanisms of baldness have not yet been elucidated. Until now, there has been no report using current proteomic approaches to examine balding and non-balding mesenchyme-derived DPCs simultaneously. To achieve the goal of identifying differentially expressed proteins in balding DPCs compared to non-balding DPCs, we present a strategy combining gel-assisted digestion and automatic on-line two-dimensional reversed phase-reversed phase (2D RP-RP) LC–MS/MS with informatics-assisted label-free protein quantitation. This strategy efficiently quantified the proteins of balding and non-balding DPCs from patients, and 128 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated proteins among 690 distinct proteins were identified in balding DPCs compared to non-balding DPCs. Up-regulated proteins belonging to these pathways in the balding DPCs, including argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (PAICS; ADE2), cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), gelsolin (GSN), Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1), and S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Gelsolin (GSN), Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1), plectin-1 (PLEC1), and nonerythroid α-spectrin (SPTAN1) were confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. This proteomic approach to DPCs should help in understanding the pathogenesis of AGA.The results demonstrated the first deep proteomic approach to mesenchyme-derived dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which are a useful model system to investigate the mechanisms of baldness, from human hair and also identified differentially expressed proteins in balding DPCs compared to non-balding DPCs. This study should help in understanding the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and furthermore some proteins differentially expressed could be studied as therapeutic targets for AGA.
Extrinsic modulation of human T-lymphocyte E rosette function associated with prolonged hepatocellular injury after viral hepatitis.
Authors: F V Chisari, J A Routenberg, M Fiala, T S Edgington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Defective T-lymphocyte E rosette (ER) function associated with viral hepatitis A and B may be due to mechanisms extrinsic or intrinsic to the target lymphocyte. The extrinsic defect is induced by an immunoregulatory plasma lipoprotein (RIF) and has the capacity to regenerate ER function in vitro. The intrinsic defect is refractory to regeneration and is not associated with RIF. Although both mechanisms occur with high frequency during the acute phase of viral hepatitis they tend to segregate in accordance with progression of hepatocellular injury at later stages of the disease. The extrinsic defect was observed in 7 out of 8 patients with longstanding chronic active hepatitis and in 10 out of 10 patients with unresolved hepatitis 12 wk after the onset of jaundice. In contrast, none of nine patients with resolved hepatitis had extrinsically defective ER function 12 wk after the onset of jaundice whereas eight of them displayed an intrinsic defect of ER function at that time. Among the various viral and liver diseases studied RIF appeared to be specific for hepatitis A and B viral infections. None of 64 sera from a variety of viral infections including Epstein-Barr virus cytomegalovirus mononucleosis with associated hepatitis nor 15 sera from patients with several chronic nonviral liver diseases were positive for RIF. RIF and its associated extrinsic defect in ER function therefore appear to correlate with a particular type of hepatocellular injury initiated by the hepatitis A and B viruses that may have a propensity for persistence and(or) progression to an aggressive form of chronic hepatitis.
Quantitative assessment of the pool size and subset distribution of cytolytic T lymphocytes within human resting or alloactivated peripheral blood T cell populations.
Authors: A Moretta, G Pantaleo, L Moretta, M C Mingari, J C Cerottini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

In order to directly assess the distribution of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL-P) in the two major subsets of human T cells, we have used limiting dilution microculture systems to determine their frequencies. The two subsets were defined according to their reactivity (or lack thereof) with B9.4 monoclonal antibody (the specificity of which is similar, if not identical, to that of Leu 2b monoclonal antibody). Both B9+ and B9- cells obtained by sorting peripheral blood resting T cells using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were assayed for total CTL-P frequencies in a microculture system that allows clonal growth of every T cell. As assessed by a lectin-dependent assay, approximately 30% of peripheral blood T cells were CTP-P. In the B9+ subset (which represents 20-30% of all T cells), the CTL-P frequency was close to 100%, whereas the B9- subset had a 25-fold lower CTL-P frequency. It is thus evident that 90% and 10% of the total CTL-P in peripheral blood are confined to the B9+ or B9- T cell subsets, respectively. Analysis of the subset distribution of CTL-P directed against a given set of alloantigens confirmed these findings. CTL-P frequencies were also determined in B9+ and B9- subsets derived from T cells that had been activated in allogenic mixed leucocyte cultures (MLC). Approximately 10% of MLC T cells were CTL-P. This frequency was increased 3.5-fold in the B9+ subset, whereas the B9- subset contained only a small, although detectable number of CTL-P. Moreover, the great majority of the (operationally defined) CTL-P in MLC T cell population were found to be directed against the stimulating alloantigens, thus indicating a dramatic increase in specific CTL-P frequencies following in vitro stimulation in bulk cultures.
Association Between the UGT1A1*28 Allele, Bilirubin Levels, and Coronary Heart Disease in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Jing-Ping Lin, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Johannes P. Schwaiger, L. Adrienne Cupples, Arno Lingenhel, Steven C. Hunt, Song Yang, Florian Kronenberg
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Bilirubin is an antioxidant that suppresses lipid oxidation and retards atherosclerosis formation. An inverse association between serum bilirubin and coronary heart disease has been reported. Linkage studies have identified a major locus at the chromosome 2q telomere that affects bilirubin concentrations. A candidate gene in the linkage region encodes hepatic bilirubin uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). The insertion of a TA in the TATAA box of the gene, an allele designated UGT1A1*28, decreases gene transcription. Individuals homozygous for UGT1A1*28 (genotype 7/7) have increased serum bilirubin levels compared with carriers of the 6 allele. To date, no significant association between UGT1A1*28 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events has been reported. We performed an association study in the Framingham Heart Study population to investigate whether UGT1A1*28 is associated with the risk of CVD events. Methods and Results— The study population included 1780 unrelated individuals from the Offspring cohort (49% males, mean age 36 years at entry) who had been followed up for 24 years. Individuals with genotype 7/7 had significantly higher bilirubin levels (mean±SD 1.14±0.44 mg/dL) than those with genotypes 6/6 and 6/7 (mean±SD 0.69±0.27 mg/dL, P &lt;0.01). Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we found significant associations between the UGT1A1*28 allele and decreased risk of CVD. Individuals with genotype 7/7 (population frequency of 11%) had approximately one third the risk for CVD and coronary heart disease as carriers of the 6 allele, which resulted in a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.36 (0.18 to 0.74) and 0.30 (0.12 to 0.74), respectively. Conclusions— Homozygote UGT1A1*28 allele carriers with higher serum bilirubin concentrations exhibit a strong association with lower risk of CVD.
Obstetrician's distress
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Charlotte and Arthur had been married for seven years when they attended my clinic because Charlotte was still virgo intacta. I have given them Bronte pseudonyms but in Yorkshire sexual medicine is much the same as elsewhere in Britain. Few clients live up to the strong, silent stereotype: “You're frowning, Heathcliff. Would you like to share your anger with us?”

Treatment began with “sensate focus.” According to the standard texts, this involves the couple going home, getting naked, and relaxing together. They are advised to touch in a non-genital way and verbalise their feelings. I suspect this works better in California than in …
1087. Balloon Occlusion Catheter-Based Delivery of HDAd into the Nonhuman Primate Liver Results in Stable, High Level Transgene Expression with Minimal Toxicity
Authors: Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Gary Stapleton, Donna Palmer, Yu Zuo, Arthur Beaudet, Charles Mullins, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) hold tremendous potential for liver-directed gene therapy because they can mediate long-term transgene expression without chronic toxicity. However, due to a nonlinear dose-response, high doses are required to achieve efficient hepatic transduction resulting in dose-dependent acute toxicity. To overcome this important obstacle, we have developed a minimally invasive method to preferentially deliver low dose HDAd into the liver of 30 kg baboons to achieve efficient hepatic transduction. Briefly, a single sausage-shaped balloon occlusion catheter was percutaneously positioned in the inferior vena cava (IVC) of baboon 1 to occlude hepatic venous outflow (Fig. 1A). 1x1011 vp/kg of a HDAd expressing the baboon alpha-fetoprotein (bAFP) marker was injected directly into the occluded liver via a percutaneously placed hepatic artery (HA) catheter and left to dwell within the liver for 15 min before balloon deflation. As controls, 1x1011 vp/kg was administered to baboon 2 by peripheral intravenous injection and baboon 3 by HA injection without balloon occlusion. All procedures were uneventful, well tolerated, and following recovery from anesthesia, all three animals returned to their normal, active pre-injection states with no clinical manifestations of toxicity. Mild transaminitis was observed for all animals, peaking at 24 to 48 h post-vector but returning towards baseline the next day: For ALT, a 2.3, 1.1, and 1.4-fold increase over baseline were observed for baboons 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For AST, a 4.8, 1.6 and 2.8-fold increase were observed for baboons 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Importantly, serum bAFP levels increased 425-fold over baseline for baboon 1 (from 4.5 ng/ml at a baseline to 1914 ng/ml), while only a modest increase of 12-fold and 5.6-fold were observed for baboon 2 (from 9 ng/ml to 109 ng/ml) and baboon 3 (from 18 ng/ml to 103 ng/ml), respectively (Fig. 1B). To date, these bAFP levels have been sustained (at least 56 days). These results suggest that the therapeutic index of HDAd can be significantly improved by delivering the vector preferentially into the liver using a minimally invasive balloon occlusion catheter technique and may be a first step towards clinical application of HDAd for liver-directed gene therapy.
Cover story: O Happy day
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

We chose Blake's colour printed engraving for the cover as an image of transcendent happiness. It was produced by someone who led “a life of the deepest obscurity and occasional suffering” but whose reputation is currently soaring.1 The largest ever exhibition of Blake's works can be seen at Tate Britain, London, until February, after which it moves to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

“Shall I call him Artist or Genius—or Mystic—or Madman? Probably he is all,” wrote a contemporary of Blake two years before his death in 1827.2 Since then the list of terms has been augmented with proto-Marxist, noble savage, psychedelic guru, ecologist, and founder of English anarchism.3 Whatever your needs for a countercultural precedent, Blake is your man.

In his writings and pictures there is never any doubt about which side Blake was on: he was for sexual and racial equality and against capital, taxes, empire, laws, …