tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: In alcohol use disorders, oral naltrexone, 50 mg/d, or acamprosate reduces return to drinking
Authors: Kevin L. Kraemer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Jonas DE, Amick HR, Feltner C, et al. Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2014;311:1889-900. 24825644
The BATTLE Trial: Personalizing Therapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Edward S. Kim, Roy S. Herbst, Ignacio I. Wistuba, J. Jack Lee, George R. Blumenschein, Anne Tsao, David J. Stewart, Marshall E. Hicks, Jeremy Erasmus, Sanjay Gupta, Christine M. Alden, Suyu Liu, Ximing Tang, Fadlo R. Khuri, Hai T. Tran, Bruce E. Johnson, John V. Heymach, Li Mao, Frank Fossella, Merrill S. Kies, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Suzanne E. Davis, Scott M. Lippman, Waun K. Hong
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

The Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination (BATTLE) trial represents the first completed prospective, biopsy-mandated, biomarker-based, adaptively randomized study in 255 pretreated lung cancer patients. Following an initial equal randomization period, chemorefractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were adaptively randomized to erlotinib, vandetanib, erlotinib plus bexarotene, or sorafenib, based on relevant molecular biomarkers analyzed in fresh core needle biopsy specimens. Overall results include a 46% 8-week disease control rate (primary end point), confirm prespecified hypotheses, and show an impressive benefit from sorafenib among mutant-KRAS patients. BATTLE establishes the feasibility of a new paradigm for a personalized approach to lung cancer clinical trials.The BATTLE study is the first completed prospective, adaptively randomized study in heavily pretreated NSCLC patients that mandated tumor profiling with "real-time" biopsies, taking a substantial step toward realizing personalized lung cancer therapy by integrating real-time molecular laboratory findings in delineating specific patient populations for individualized treatment.
Increased PTPN22 Expression and Defective CREB Activation Impair Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Davide Flego, Anna Severino, Francesco Trotta, Marco Previtero, Sarassunta Ucci, Chiara Zara, Gianluca Massaro, Daniela Pedicino, Luigi M. Biasucci, Giovanna Liuzzo, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Childhood cancer and power lines: Results do not support causal role for electromagnetic fields
Authors: Sarah J Hepworth, Richard G Feltbower, Roger C Parslow, Patricia A McKinney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
The Effects of IPPB on Normal and Emphysematous Subjects.
Authors: Marvin L. Birnbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964The Effects of IPPB on Normal and Emphysematous Subjects.Marvin L. BirnbaumMarvin L. BirnbaumSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-336_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe physiological effect of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) was investigated. Thirty-one subjects were divided into three groups by standard pulmonary function tests: (1) normal, (2) moderate emphysema, and (3) severe emphysema. The order of study for each subject was a control at basal level, a 15-minute period of IPPB utilizing a Bird Mark VII respirator, and a post-treatment period of up to 2 hours. A technique using a respiratory gas mixer in conjunction with the IPPB apparatus facilitated sequential minute measurements of volumes and concentrations of expired gases. Twenty to 24 arterial blood samples were taken on each individual... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marvin L. BirnbaumAffiliations: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1 Page: 336-336 Keywords Attention Blood Breathing Emphysema Pulmonary function Ventilators ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Influence of the force-frequency relation on left ventricular function during exercise in conscious dogs.
Authors: T Miura, S Miyazaki, B D Guth, M Kambayashi, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The magnitude of the force-frequency effect on myocardial contractility in the conscious animal has been studied at rest, but it has not been assessed during exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS The influence of heart rate (HR) changes were evaluated during treadmill exercise in eight preinstrumented, conscious dogs in which high-fidelity left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV volume (by sonomicrometry), and aortic pressure were measured. Under resting conditions, end-systolic pressure-volume relations were obtained using inferior vena caval occlusion. Dogs were run on a treadmill, and the intrinsic exercise HR was reduced by infusion of a specific bradycardic drug (UL-FS 49 0.5 mg/kg) during continuing exercise while HR was maintained at 240 beats per minute by atrial pacing. At 6 minutes of running at a fixed, paced HR when a stable drug effect had been achieved, no effects of UL-FS 49 on measures of LV contractility were detected compared with exercise before drug administration. HR was then reduced stepwise from 240 to 210, 180, or 150 beats per minute in a random manner, returning to 240 beats per minute between steps. Progressive reductions in measures of myocardial contractility occurred as the HR was slowed, and reduction of rate from 240 to 150 beats per minute reduced the LV maximum positive dP/dt by 31% and (dP/dt)DP40 by 21% despite increases in LV end-diastolic pressure. The entire end-systolic pressure-volume could not be determined during exercise, but beat-averaged end-systolic pressure-volume points during exercise were progressively shifted to the right and downward by slowing the exercise HR. Thus, a pronounced negative inotropic influence of slowing the heart was observed during exercise, and the rate of ventricular relaxation (tau) was also significantly prolonged. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that force-frequency effects on the inotropic state of the intact LV are markedly enhanced by exercise.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Death—Reply
Authors: Paul L. Nguyen, Youjin Je, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical Signs, Apexcardiography, Phonocardiography, and Systolic Time Intervals in Angina Pectoris
Authors: C. EDWIN MARTIN, JAMES A. SHAVER, JAMES J. LEONARD
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Coronary artery disease and angina pectoris are frequently associated with disordered myocardial function which may cause abnormalities in precordial motion, heart sounds, and/or systolic time intervals. The pathophysiologic basis for these abnormalities has been studied by correlating them with more direct measurements of myocardial function. Large a waves on the apexcardiogram and atrial gallops are related to accentuated left ventricular a waves which reflect diminished left ventricular compliance. Uncoordinated left ventricular contraction (asynergy) may cause abnormal systolic motion which can sometimes be recorded on the apexcardiogram. Ventricular (early diastolic) gallops in coronary artery disease are usually associated with extensive obstructive lesions, left ventricular asynergy, and a low cardiac output. Transient paradoxic splitting of the second sound in angina pectoris has been reported though rarely documented by phono-cardiography. Mitral insufficiency due to papillary muscle dysfunction implies significant damage to the papillary muscles and the surrounding ventricular wall, usually by severe coronary artery disease. Systolic time intervals are a sensitive technic which may reflect diminished contractility (prolonged preejection period) or low stroke volume (shortened left ventricular ejection time) in patients with coronary artery disease. However, systolic time intervals are also sensitive to many other pharmacologic and hemodynamic influences, including changes in left ventricular preload and afterload which may result in misleading values. Therefore, as a technic for evaluating individual patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris, the role of systolic time intervals remains limited.
Prophylactic administration of L-arginine improves the intestinal barrier function after mesenteric ischaemia.
Authors: R Schleiffer, F Raul
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the intestine causes mucosal injury associated with a high death rate in rats. AIM: To investigate whether nitric oxide (NO) might be implicated in the recovery of the intestinal mucosa after ischaemic insult. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to mesenteric artery occlusion for 90 minutes. The animals were given either L-arginine, the substrate of NO synthase, or molsidomine, a NO donor. The controls received casein hydrolysate. The compounds were administered by gavage 19, 16, and 1.5 hours before ischaemia. Mucosal barrier permeability and cGMP content were determined 24 hours after ischaemia. RESULTS: Survival after I/R was 50% in the control group. Animals treated with L-arginine or molsidomine exhibited a higher survival rate (70% and 83% respectively). Mucosal barrier permeability was decreased in rats receiving L-arginine or molsidomine compared with controls (4.0 (0.9) and 2.6 (0.6) v 11.2 (1.6) 14C-PEG pmol/segment, p &lt; 0.05). Increased cGMP content was seen in the mucosa of the L-arginine group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that pretreatment with L-arginine or molsidomine ameliorates survival after intestinal I/R and improves mucosal barrier function.
Nifedipine in Biliary and Renal Colic
Authors: M. Bortolotti, G. Trisolino, L. Barbara
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Anticholinergics are commonly used in the treatment of biliary and renal colic because of their spasmolytic effect, but when they fail to relieve pain or produce undesirable side effects the only alternatives are morphine and related narcotic-analgesics. However, some calcium antagonists, such as nifedipine, show spasmolytic activity on smooth-muscle cells.<sup>1</sup>This action is utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases where there is arteriolar spasm<sup>2</sup>and in the treatment of some diseases of the gut where spasm is pathogenetically important.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Study.—</h3> We carried out a preliminary study on the spasmolytic effect of nifedipine in biliary and renal colic whencompared with one of the most commonly used anticholinergics, scopolamine butylbromide (Buscopan). The study was carried out randomly on a total of 32 patients, 16 with biliary colic and 16 with renal colic, admitted consecutively to the University Hospital of Bologna. Patients who had received
Heroin inhalation and asthma.
Authors: S. Hughes, P. M. Calverley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Opiate addiction is an increasing social problem, and there has been a change from taking opiates intravenously to inhaling them in many areas of Britain. Three patients with asthma who required mechanical ventilation soon after heroin inhalation were described. Two subsequently died of acute severe asthma. The patients were reluctant to admit to their addiction and persisted inhaling heroin despite medical advice and counselling. Opiate inhalation can provoke life threatening asthmatic attacks and should be considered in patients at risk of abusing drugs who have poorly controlled asthma.
The Neural Correlates of Cue-Induced Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Women
Authors: Clinton D. Kilts, Robin E. Gross, Timothy D. Ely, Karen P.G. Drexler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Drug use reminders are associated with localized changes in brain activity related to intense drug wanting or craving in cocaine-dependent men. While cocaine dependence is prevalent and disabling in women, and certain clinically relevant sex differences exist, there is an absence of knowledge related to the neural correlates of cocaine craving in cocaine-dependent women. METHOD: The differential neural response to imagery depicting cocaine use and neutral imagery was defined by using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in eight cocaine-dependent women. Results were compared with a matched group of eight cocaine-dependent men. RESULTS: Cocaine-related imagery was associated with relative increases in cocaine craving and increases in regional cerebral blood flow in the superior temporal gyrus, dorsal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens area, and the central sulcus. Compared with the results of an identical PET study in matched cocaine-dependent men, conditioned cocaine craving in women was associated with less activation of the amygdala, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral cingulate cortex and greater activation of the central sulcus and widely distributed frontal cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the presence of sex differences in the functional anatomy of cue-induced cocaine craving associated with drug dependence. Such differences may reflect sex differences in conditioned associations to cocaine use, in affective and other corollaries of cocaine craving, or in their volitional regulation and may underlie apparent sex differences in the effects of cocaine abstinence and the expectations of treatment outcome. Some support for the need for sex-specific strategies for treatment of cocaine dependence is also furnished by the findings of this study.
Pregnancy immunogenetics: NK cell education in the womb?
Authors: Peter Parham, Lisbeth A. Guethlein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

During embryo implantation and initiation of pregnancy, uterine NK (uNK) cells engage invasive fetal trophoblasts to remodel vessels that conduct blood to the placenta. This partnership, involving uNK cell receptors that recognize HLA-C ligands on trophoblasts, varies the course of human pregnancy because the genes for both receptors and ligands are extraordinarily diverse. Several pregnancy disorders are attributed to insufficient trophoblast invasion and the limitation it imposes on human reproduction. Previously, a particular combination of fetal HLA-C and maternal inhibitory uNK cell receptor was associated with predisposition for preeclampsia. In this issue of the JCI, Hiby and colleagues extend this correlation to recurrent miscarriage and fetal growth restriction, revealing the common mechanism underlying these common pregnancy syndromes. Equally important, they show that mothers with an activating receptor of similar specificity to the inhibitory receptor are less likely to suffer disordered pregnancy.
Effect of Chronotropy and Inotropy on Stitch Tension in the Edge-to-Edge Mitral Repair
Authors: Tomasz A. Timek, Sten L. Nielsen, David T. Lai, David Liang, George T. Daughters, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Our prior studies suggest that mitral annular septal-lateral (SL) diameter is the chief determinant of "Alfieri stitch" tension, but hemodynamic parameters may also play a role. We approximated the central edge of the mitral leaflets with a miniature force transducer to measure tension (T) at the leaflet approximation point during inotropic and chronotropic stimulation.Eight sheep were studied under open-chest conditions immediately after surgical placement of a miniature force transducer to approximate the leaflets and implantation of radiopaque markers on the LV and mitral annulus (MA). Chronotropic stimulation was induced with atrial pacing at 130 minutes(-1) (n=5) whereas inotropic state was increased with i.v. CaCl2 bolus (n=8). Hemodynamic data, stitch tension, and 3-D marker coordinates were obtained throughout the cardiac cycle before and during each intervention. Peak stitch tension (T(MAX)) under all conditions was observed in diastole and temporally correlated with peak annular SL (SL(MAX)) size. Atrial pacing did not change peak transducer tension or annular size. Calcium infusion also did not alter peak transducer tension (0.29+/-0.11 versus 0.32+/-0.10 N; P=NS) and only slightly reduced SL dimension (29.9+/-3.3 versus 29.3+/-3.5 mm; P<0.05).Isolated increase in heart rate or inotropic state did not alter peak stitch tension whereas enhanced contractile state decreased SL diameter minimally. These data, combined with those from our previous study, suggest that geometric (SL diameter) rather than hemodynamic parameters are the main determinants of "Alfieri stitch" tension. This implies that any interventional or surgical edge-to-edge repair performed without concomitant annular reduction to limit the SL dimension could expose the leaflet junction to forces which could limit repair durability.
No Apology for Geriatrics
Authors: T. D. O'Brien, D. M. Joshi, E. W. Warren
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A geriatric department is described where turnover has more than kept pace with demand over a period of 17 years. The department provides two basic services-a hospital service to the pensionable population in the community, and support to other hospital departments that care for the elderly.Community emphasis is on a high turnover of patients, enabling early contract and treatment. Over the years a fall in the proportion of "chronic" to "acute" beds has occurred and this has been achieved by having the majority of beds in the general hospital, where it is possible to provide a comprehensive medical service. The hospital role has been to prevent overloading acute resources with potential long-stay cases, and this has been possible without compromising our community obligations.
CD8+ T-cell selection, function, and death in the primary immune response in vivo
Authors: Margaret F.C. Callan, Chrysoula Fazou, Hongbing Yang, Tim Rostron, Kathryn Poon, Chris Hatton, Andrew J. McMichael
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The primary immune response to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is characterized by striking proliferation of EBV-specific CD8+ T cells. In this study we have investigated the clonal composition and functional properties of the cells mediating this primary response and have analyzed the mechanisms that control the downregulation of the primary response and the selection of memory cells. We show that massively expanded T-cell clones often dominate the primary antigen-specific T-cell response. Despite the enormous extent of expansion, the virus-specific T cells express high levels of intracellular perforin and are potently cytotoxic. They are, however, functionally heterogeneous in their ability to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, with subpopulations of the antigen-specific T cells being hyporesponsive. The primary response is closely regulated, and the majority of cells are programmed to die via a cytokine-rescuable pathway, leaving only small populations of memory T cells surviving. Comparison of the clonal composition of primary and memory responses in vivo shows that the clones that dominate the primary response are relatively heavily culled during the downregulation of the primary response and the establishment of T-cell memory.
The National Diet-Heart Study
Authors: Benjamin M. Baker, Ivan D. Frantz, Ancel Keys, Laurance W. Kinsell, Irvine H. Page, Jeremiah Stamler, Fredrick J. Stare
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IT IS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED that atherosclerosis is a complex disease of the arteries and that a number of factors influence its development. In particular, coronary atherosclerosis and the resultant heart disease have been the subject of many studies because of the high morbidity and mortality rates and because of the limitations of present-day therapy. Much evidence implicates diet as one of the key etiological factors. Within the last 10 years several investigators have undertaken studies to examine the influence of dietary modification on the occurrence of clinical coronary heart disease. By 1959 it was apparent that large-scale field trials might be feasible and that a national cooperative effort might be the appropriate means to accomplish this difficult research mission.  In 1960, with the support of the National Heart Institute of the US Public Health Service, an Executive Committee on Diet and Heart Disease was established under the chairmanship of Dr.