tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine and Outcome after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Paul E. Gause
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters1 June 1999Epinephrine and Outcome after Cardiac ArrestPaul E. Gause, MDPaul E. Gause, MDEphrata, PA 17522 (Gause)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I have several concerns about Behringer and colleagues' article on epinephrine and outcome after cardiac arrest (1).The authors focused on patients who did not respond to initial attempts at defibrillation. With each passing aliquot of time, nonresponders receive continuing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the prescribed epinephrine regimen. Further difficulties establishing “down time” before institution of bystander CPR and the unsubstantiated overall effectiveness of this CPR affect stratification according to “no-flow” or “low-flow” duration. The result is a subselection of a group that has a poor prognosis and receives more epinephrine if the protocols are followed.Although ...Reference1. Behringer W, Kittler H, Sterz F, Domanovits H, Schoerkhuber W, Holzer M, et al . Cumulative epinephrine dose during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neurologic outcome. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:450-6. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul E. Gause, MDAffiliations: Ephrata, PA 17522 (Gause) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCumulative Epinephrine Dose during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Neurologic Outcome Wilhelm Behringer , Harald Kittler , Fritz Sterz , Hans Domanovits , Waltraud Schoerkhuber , Michael Holzer , Marcus Mullner , and Anton N. Laggner Venlaxafine-Associated Hepatitis Yves Horsmans , Michel De Clercq , and Christine Sempoux Treatment of the Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome with Terbutaline and Theophylline: A Case Series Naeem K. Tahirkheli and Philip R. Greipp Metrics 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 942KeywordsBiomarkersCardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiovascular therapyCentral nervous systemEpinephrineExerciseForecastingHeartResuscitationVentricular fibrillation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
487 LONG TERM SURVIVAL OF LIVER FIBROSIS AFTER VIROLOGICAL CURE (SVR) IN HIV–HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS: A WORRISOME LATENT DISEASE?
Authors: T. Poynard, M.A. Valantin, M. Munteanu, J. Moussalli, D. Thabut, P. Lebray, M. Rudler, Y. Ngo, V. Thibault, F. Charlotte, F. Imbert-Bismut, Y. Benhamou, V. Ratziu, C. Katlama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Validation of Preferences for Life-Sustaining Treatment: Implications for Advance Care Planning
Authors: Donald L. Patrick, Robert A. Pearlman, Helene E. Starks, Kevin C. Cain, William G. Cole, Richard F. Uhlmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Treatment preferences established before life-threatening illness occurs may differ from actual decisions because of changes in preferences or poor understanding of the link between prospective preferences and outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the validity of prospective treatment preferences by examining their concordance with ratings of health states. Design: Survey of seven cohorts of persons with diverse health status. Home- and hospital-based interviews were conducted at baseline and at 6, 18, and 30 months. Setting: The greater Seattle area. Participants: Younger and older well adults; persons with chronic conditions, terminal cancer, or AIDS; stroke survivors; and nursing home residents. Measurements: Concordance between six treatment preferences and five health state ratings (on a seven-point scale) was assessed by using logistic regression to measure the increase in odds of treatment refusal for each one-point change in health state ratings. Preferences were considered concordant if treatments were refused in health states rated as worse than death and were accepted in health states rated as better than death. Reasons for discordance were elicited at the final interview. Results: The probability of refusal of prospective treatment was strongly related to health state ratings. Odds ratios ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 (P < 0.001) for every treatment. When patients were shown their discordant preferences, they had a coherent explanation or changed their health state rating or treatment preference to make the two concordant. Conclusions: Prospective life-sustaining treatment preferences show high convergent validity. For most persons, treatment preferences are grounded in a consistent belief system. Concordance and discordance between treatment preferences and health state ratings offer clinicians the opportunity to explore patients' values and reasoning.
Interleukin 2 receptor antagonists for liver transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies
Authors: Armin D. Goralczyk, Nicola Hauke, Narin Bari, Tung Y. Tsui, Thomas Lorf, Aiman Obed
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Interleukin 2 receptor antagonists (IL-2Ra) are frequently used as induction therapy in liver transplant recipients to decrease the risk of acute rejection while allowing the reduction of concomitant immunosuppression. We conducted a systematic review of prospective, controlled studies to test the hypothesis that the use of IL-2Ra is associated with a decrease in acute rejection and/or a decrease in the side effects of concomitant medication. We performed a search of all major databases and secondary sources from inception to December 2010. Random effects models were used to assess the incidence of acute rejection, graft loss, patient death, and adverse side effects, with or without IL-2Ra. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore differences in effect and sources of heterogeneity. Eighteen studies (13 randomized and 5 nonrandomized) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Acute rejection at 12 months or later favored the use of IL-2Ra (relative risk [RR] 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.94) and steroid-resistant rejection was also less frequent in patients receiving IL-2Ra (RR 0.66; CI 0.48-0.91). Graft loss and patient death did not differ significantly between treatments. Patients who received IL-2Ra in addition to reduced or delayed calcineurin inhibitors had better renal function (mean difference of estimated glomerular filtration rate: 6.29 mL/min; CI 1.66-10.91) and a lower incidence of renal dysfunction (RR 0.46; CI 0.27-0.78). The use of IL-2Ra was also associated with a lower incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus, whereas the incidence of other adverse events was similar.The use of IL-2Ra is associated with a lower incidence of acute rejection after transplantation. Concomitant immunosuppression can be reduced, avoiding long-term side effects of immunosuppression.
HIF-1α is a protective factor in conditional PHD2-deficient mice suffering from severe HIF-2α–induced excessive erythropoiesis
Authors: Kristin Franke, Joanna Kalucka, Soulafa Mamlouk, Rashim Pal Singh, Antje Muschter, Alexander Weidemann, Vasuprada Iyengar, Steffen Jahn, Kathrin Wieczorek, Kathrin Geiger, Michael Muders, Alex M. Sykes, David M. Poitz, Tatsiana Ripich, Teresa Otto, Sybille Bergmann, Georg Breier, Gustavo Baretton, Guo-Hua Fong, David R. Greaves, Stefan Bornstein, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Joachim Fandrey, Max Gassmann, Ben Wielockx
Journal: Blood (2012)
Aspirin did not reduce recurrence after a first-ever, unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Authors: Thomas DeLoughery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club19 March 2013Aspirin did not reduce recurrence after a first-ever, unprovoked venous thromboembolismThomas DeLoughery, MD, FACP, FAWMThomas DeLoughery, MD, FACP, FAWMOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA (T.D.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-6-201303190-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBrighton TA, Eikelboom JW, Mann K, et al; ASPIRE Investigators. Low-dose aspirin for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1979-87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23121403Clinical Impact RatingsHematology: References1 Becattini C, Agnelli G, Schenone A, et al; WARFASA Investigators. Aspirin for preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1959-67. [PMID: 22621626]. See also: Rabinowitz I. ACP Journal Club. Aspirin reduced recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after a first-ever, unprovoked VTE. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:JC4-3. [PMID: 23070505] Google Scholar2 Agnelli G, Buller HR, Cohen A, et al; the AMPLIFY-EXT Investigators. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print]. [PMID: 23216615] Google Scholar3 Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al; American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e419S-94S. [PMID: 22315268] Google Scholar4 Rothwell PM, Price JF, Fowkes FG, et al. Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2012;379:1602-12. [PMID: 22440946] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas DeLoughery, MD, FACP, FAWMAffiliations: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA (T.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 March 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 March 2013Volume 158, Issue 6Page: JC2KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyAnticoagulantsAspirinHazard ratioHemorrhageMyocardial infarctionPulmonary embolismSafetyVeinsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 19 March 2013 Issue Published: 19 March 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Mutant Tropomyosin That Causes Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Is Expressed In Vivo and Associated With an Increased Calcium Sensitivity
Authors: R. Bottinelli, D. A. Coviello, C. S. Redwood, M. A. Pellegrino, B. J. Maron, P. Spirito, H. Watkins, C. Reggiani
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Mutant contractile protein genes that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) are presumed to encode mutant proteins that interfere with contractile function. However, it has generally not been possible to show mutant protein expression and incorporation into the sarcomere in vivo. This study aimed to assess whether a mutant alpha-fast tropomyosin (TM) responsible for FHC is actually expressed and determines abnormal contractile function. Since alpha-fast TM is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle, samples from vastus lateralis muscles were studied from two FHC patients carrying an Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM mutation and two healthy control subjects. TM isoforms from whole biopsy samples and single fibers were identified by gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. An additional faster-migrating TM band was observed in both FHC patients. The aberrant TM was identified as the Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM by comigration with purified recombinant human Asp175Asn alpha-fast TM. Densitometric quantification of mutant and wild-type alpha-fast TMs suggested equal expression of the two proteins. Contractile parameters of single skinned muscle fibers from FHC patients and healthy control subjects were compared. Calcium sensitivity was significantly increased in muscle fibers containing Asp175Asn alpha-fast Tm compared with fibers lacking the mutant TM. No discernible difference was found regarding cooperativity, maximum force, and maximum shortening velocity. This is the first demonstration that the mutant TM that causes FHC is indeed expressed and almost certainly incorporated into muscle in vivo and does result in altered contractile function; this confirms a dominant-negative, rather than null allele, action. Since the mutant TM was associated with increased calcium sensitivity, this mutation might be associated with an enhancement and not a depression of cardiac contractile performance. If so, this contrasts with the hypothesis that FHC mutations induce contractile impairment followed by compensatory hypertrophy.
THE OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF ANEMIA.
Authors: WM. CAMPBELL POSEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The clinician judges the state of the vascular system of his patient by noting the condition of the peripheral capillaries as it is manifested in the color of the lips and nails and the general appearance of the skin. He determines the force and power of the circulation by the pulse, and by the cardiac impulse. The ophthalmologist, however, by means of his wonderful mirror looks into the eye and obtains a highly magnified and unrestricted image of the perfect cycle of the supply of an organ with arterial and the escape of its venous blood, and is enabled to estimate the quality and the amount of blood by direct observation. He can further study the action of the heart by means of the retinal pulse. It would seem<i>a priori</i>that it would be an easy and rapid matter, therefore, for the ophthalmologist to diagnose pathologic conditions of the
EXPERIMENTS ON THE RESTORATION OF PARALYSED MUSCLES BY MEANS OF NERVE ANASTOMOSIS
Authors: R. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1911)

Behaviora1 neurology has primarily focused on brain-behavior relations as revealed by disorders of the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. Disorders of cerebral white matter have received less attention. This article considers the contribution of cerebral white matter to normal behavioral function and the effects of white matter disorders on behavior. Diffuse dysfunction is more common than focal impairment, and the term white matter dementia has been proposed as a clinical entity. Conventional neuroimaging has enabled more accurate identification of white matter regions participating in neurobehavioral operations, and newer imaging techniques may define white matter connectivity within and between the hemispheres. As an essential component of neural networks, cerebral white matter contributes to cognitive and emotional functions, and lesions of white matter disconnect these networks to produce neurobehavioral syndromes.
The Promotion of Health through Health Insurance
Authors: Allen G. Brailey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The association of hypertension, cigarette smoking, and elevated serum cholesterol with coronary-artery disease was demonstrated in the prospectively designed Framingham study and reported by Dawber et al. 22 years ago.1 Numerous studies have confirmed these associations and their additive effects. Other characteristics, including diabetes mellitus,2 obesity,3 physical inactivity,4 and the Type A behavior-personality complex,5 have been studied and shown to be associated as well. Comparisons of coronary disease and risk-factor prevalence between countries and between residents of the United States from other countries and their counterparts in countries of origin have led to the conclusion that coronary-heart disease occurs to . . .
Dietary Fiber-Reply
Authors: Angela Gilchrist
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply. —  The main emphasis of the Council's recommendation for adequate fiber intake is on eating a variety of fiber-rich foods. Nuts are listed along with many other foods as good sources of dietary fiber. The National Institutes of Health considers foods with 1 to 3 g of fiber per serving to be moderately rich sources of food fiber and includes almonds and peanuts in a list of foods that are good sources of fiber. 1   Any food may have a place in the diet of healthy persons. It is a basic principle of nutrition that it is the composition of the total diet over an extended period, and not individual foods or ingredients per se, that determines nutritional status and contributes to health.
Krishan Dayal Gupta
Authors: Rajeev Gupta
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Emeritus professor of medicine, former professor and head of medicine Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, and dean of faculty of medicine University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India (b Bikaner, India, 1922; q King Edward Medical College, Lahore, 1946; MD), died from congestive heart failure on 20 February 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Dr K D Gupta began his academic career in 1951 in Jaipur. In 1956 he received an international award, which took him to Philadelphia, United States, for two years. After returning, in 1958 he started India's first allergy clinic in Jaipur, which became a model for treating patients with allergic disorders. In 1962, he was appointed professor and head of the department of medicine at the Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, becoming college principal in 1971. He leaves a wife, Kusum Lata Gupta, and three children.
Distinct clonotypes of anti-DNA antibodies in mice with lupus nephritis.
Authors: H Yoshida, M Yoshida, S Izui, P H Lambert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Clonotypes of IgG anti-DNA antibodies were studied by isoelectric focusing in various autoimmune mice with or without lethal lupus nephritis. MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice exhibited the most heterogeneous spectrotypes of anti-DNA antibodies in the pH range from 6.5 to 8.5, with marked variation in individual mice. Female (NZB X NZW)F1 mice expressed rather uniform DNA-binding bands composed of at least five to six distinct subgroups, having isoelectric points from 6.5 to 8.0. Male BXSB mice showed major characteristic bands confined to alkaline pH range from 7.8 to 8.5, similar to C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr mice, which showed markedly restricted bands in this region. Both AKR/J-lpr/lpr and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr mice expressed DNA-binding bands mostly focused between pH 6.5 and 8.2. The aging study indicated that three autoimmune mice (MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr, [NZB X NZW]F1, and male BXSB) that developed fatal glomerulonephritis showed clonal expansion of anti-DNA antibodies throughout their life. In contrast, such age-dependent expansion of anti-DNA clonotypes was not evident in three lpr cogenic mice (C57BL/6J-lpr/lpr, AKR/J-lpr/lpr, and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr) that developed only mild glomerulonephritis; rather, their expression of anti-DNA spectrotypes diminished as they aged. Anti-DNA activities in renal eluates from nephritic autoimmune mice were mostly distributed in the pH range from 6.5 to 8.0, without significant concentrations in the high alkaline range of more than pH 8.0. These results suggest that there exist distinct anti-DNA clonotypes in each mouse strain and that the development of lupus nephritis does not appear to be associated with particular spectrotypes of anti-DNA antibodies. Rather, the age-dependent expansion of anti-DNA clonotypes may be a feature more characteristic of mice developing lethal lupus nephritis.
Clinical Application of Electronic Data Processing Apparatus
Authors: Joseph E. Schenthal
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Employing an electronic digital computer with magnetic tapes, the complete clinical records of 361 patients were placed on magnetic tape for storage and retrieval. Mimeograph-reproduced marksense cards served to transfer data to the tape. Searching, correlating, and testing of medical data was done very rapidly and without limitation as to the number of relationships and conditions. Records were compact and quickly transposed on retrieval, which was not the case with the previous punch-card techniques. This pilot study indicates that the flexibility of the mark-sense form and the use of magnetic tape provide a workable method of clinical record storage, retrieval, processing, and analysis.
Repair of the Canine Ureter
Authors: Ian M. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In previous studies1flaps of renal capsule, dissected from one or both surfaces of the kidney, were turned down as pedicle grafts based at the sinus renalis to patch defects created in the upper ureter and pelvis (Fig 1), or to replace the entire upper conduit when bilateral tubular capsule grafts were constructed.  The grafted ureters, in the majority of instances, functioned adequately for periods as long as two years, even when contralateral nephrectomy was performed. All of the reconstructed ureters were markedly dilated during the first three weeks following surgery but the majority rapidly regained satisfactory function and form. In these experiments the grafts persisted as well-defined areas of fibrous tissue lined with transitional cell epithelium. Microscopic areas of bone formation were often seen but did not appear to become more prominent nor inimical to conduit function in the long-term survivors.  The present study evaluated the potentialities of
Ampicillin in Treatment of Certain Gram-negative Bacterial Infections
Authors: W. P. U. Kennedy, A. T. Wallace, J. MaC. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Ampicillin, the first semisynthetic penicillin active against Gram-negative pathogens, is bactericidal in vitro to Escherichia coli, certain Proteus spp., some Klebsiella strains, salmonellae, and shigellae. The susceptible range of Gram-positive organisms is the same for ampicillin as for benzylpenicillin, although ampicillin is much less potent, weight for weight. Ampicillin is also destroyed by penicillinase, and is therefore inactivated by many strains of Staphylococcus aureus and by certain penicillinase-producing strains of Proteus and Klebsiella (Rolinson and Stevens, 1961 ; Acred et al, 1962). Ampicillin is acid-stable and is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Maximum serum concentrations are reached after one and a half to three hours, falling to lower but still significant levels in four to six hours (Knudsen et ai, 1961 ; Stewart et al., 1961). Renal excretion of ampicillin produces very high concentrations in the urine (Brown and Acred, 1961 ; Acred et al., 1962). The levels attained are very much higher in bile than in serum, and as the drug is not detoxicated in the liver its bactericidal activity is unaffected (Stewart and Harrison, 1961 ; Acred et ai, 1962). Biliary concentrations of ampicillin are much greater than those of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, or neomycin (Harrison and Stewart, 1961). In experimental animals it is evenly distributed through out the body, except for the kidneys and liver, where tissue concentrations are high (Brown and Acred, 1961). Diffu sion into the cerebrospinal fluid is poor (Stewart et al., 1961 ; Acred et al., 1962). The present investigation is an attempt to assess the therapeutic effect of ampicillin in certain infections of the urinary tract and various types of salmonellosis.