tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P434: Validation of a Walking and Cycling audit tool in the Streets of a European City: Physical and Omnidirectional Imagery Audits
Authors: Pedro Gullon, Usama Bilal, Silvia Alfayate, Julia Diez, Manuel Franco
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for Cardiovascular Diseases. Research on environmental determinants of Physical Activity aims at designing population-wide interventions and related policy. Our objective was to validate the virtual assessment of the walking and cycling functions of the streets of a European City as Madrid using field-visits as the gold standard. Methods: Our research area was the city of Madrid. 12 census sections (~16000 pop.) were selected for this study using the Median Neighborhood Index (MNI). The MNI selects clusters of contiguous census sections within a city which are less extreme in terms of education level and age of the residents, segregation and urban form. These 12 census sections are composed of 169 segments, defined as street segments between two intersections. In order to measure the walking and bicycling characteristics of the 169 segments, we used an adapted version of the Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environment Scan (SPACES) audit tool. The SPACES tool collects information of every segment measuring four factors of the streets: function, safety, aesthetics and destinations. Each factor is divided into several elements. The SPACES audit tool was developed by Australian researchers and then adapted and validated for using in different countries allowing for international urban comparisons. In this study, the SPACES audit was conducted twice: first, directly on field by walking along the 169 street segments, and second, online by using the Google Street View software to assess those same segments. For the statistical analyses, we used a two-way mixed model intra class correlation coefficients (ICC). The ICC ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating perfect agreement. We compared the scores in each of the elements and factors obtained from the field visit and from the online assessment. Results: Time spent to complete on-field auditing was 3.2 minutes/segment and 3.9 minutes/segments for online auditing. Items and elements collected were suitable for a European city like Madrid, where the SPACES audit tool had not been tested before. For walking, the total score has a mean of 4.27 (ranges from 0-6.96); and 3.50 (ranges from 0-5.97) for cycling. For the majority of the elements and factors, agreement was substantial or almost perfect. Among factors, aesthetics has the highest agreement for walking (ICC=0.80), followed by destination (ICC=0.68), function (ICC=0.67) and safety (ICC=0.65). Results for cycling were analogous (ICC=0.76, 0.68, 0.52 and 0.67 respectively). Conclusions: The SPACES audit tool showed to be a valid tool for measuring the walking and bicycling characteristics of the streets of a European city like Madrid. Virtual audit using online omnidirectional image for physical activity environment showed to be a good alternative to measure the walking and cycling environment.
MIG2 is overexpressed in human breast carcinomas and plays a role in cancer cell invasion
Authors: Joseph M. Gozgit, Brian T. Pentecost, Sharon A. Marconi, Christopher N. Otis, Chuanyue Wu, Kathleen F. Arcaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

3523   Cell invasion and metastasis are hallmarks of the cancer phenotype and account for 90% of cancer deaths; therefore, proteins that govern these processes provide attractive drug targets. We used a novel variant of the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, termed TMX2-28, as a model to identify new therapeutic targets for breast cancer. TMX2-28 cells have lost expression of the estrogen receptor and have a mixed basal/luminal-like gene expression signature. TMX2-28 cells are highly invasive compared to MCF-7 cells as demonstrated by their ability to invade through a reconstituted basement membrane (matrigel). TMX2-28 cells display an appearance distinct from MCF-7; yet they maintain a rounded-epithelial cell morphology suggesting an amoeboid mode of cell invasion. cDNA microarray comparison of MCF-7 and TMX2-28 cells identified 1402 differentially expressed transcripts. Screening of selected genes in both human breast carcinomas and reductive mammoplasties identified the novel expression of mitogen-inducible gene-2 (MIG2) in human breast carcinomas. MIG2 controls the localization of the protein migfilin by recruiting it from cell-cell junctions to cell-ECM adhesion sites where migfilin interacts with filamin regulating actin dynamics. MIG2 mRNA is overexpressed in TMX2-28 compared to MCF-7 (17-fold) as determined by real time RT-PCR. MIG2 mRNA levels show little expression in non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell lines 184, 184A1, MCF-10A, and epithelial cells isolated from human breast milk. MIG2 gene expression was evaluated in thirty frozen human breast carcinoma specimens in which 13 of 30 showed high mRNA levels. MIG2 protein was highly expressed in 12 of 27 breast tumors and MIG2 protein showed little to no expression in most normal breast tissues from reduction mammoplasty determined by immunohistochemistry. Using siRNA to suppress the expression of MIG2 mRNA levels in TMX2-28 cells it was determined that MIG2 plays a role in cancer cell invasion and multicellular spheroid formation in 3D-matrigel cultures. TMX2-28 cell invasion was reduced by 68% when transiently transfected with siRNAs targeting MIG2 compared to cells transfected with siRNAs against GAPDH. siRNAs against MIG2 inhibited spheroid formation of TMX2-28 cells, whereas cells treated with siRNAs against GAPDH formed solid spheroids after 48 hours. Using immunofluorescence we found that MIG2 was highly localized with F-actin identified by phalloidin staining in the aggressive TMX2-28 breast cancer cells compared to nonaggressive MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, dual-immunofluorescence with the focal adhesion markers FAK and talin revealed that migfilin is highly concentrated at focal adhesion sites in TMX2-28 cells compared to MCF-7. Data from these studies suggest that targeting either MIG2 or other interacting proteins at focal adhesions may provide beneficial therapies for a subset of breast cancers.
Abstract 2576: Polythymine oligonucleotides inhibit tumor growth through the induction of IFN alpha
Authors: Nobuaki Kobayashi, Hidekazu Shirota, Yoko Ichiki, Kiyoshi Sakasai, Yasushi Ichikawa, Takeshi Kaneko, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract IFNα is an immune-regulatory cytokine, used clinically for the treatment of various cancers. Administration of recombinant IFNα or IFNα-inducing agents in cancer patients induce the activation/expansion of NK cells and tumor-specific CTL responses, leading to tumor regression. Here, we find that the Polythymine (poly-T) oligonucleotides (ODN) induce the production of IFNα. Current results indicated the intratumoral injection of poly-T ODN could slow the growth of tumors and enhance the tumor specific CTLs. Our results shows a synthetic ODN containing Poly T motif have anti-tumor effect through the enhancement of IFNα production. Citation Format: Nobuaki Kobayashi, Hidekazu Shirota, Yoko Ichiki, Kiyoshi Sakasai, Yasushi Ichikawa, Takeshi Kaneko, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo. Polythymine oligonucleotides inhibit tumor growth through the induction of IFN alpha. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2576
Abstract 1789: Profiling HSP90 inhibitors in cellular extracts on a mass spectrometry chemoproteomics platform
Authors: Tyzoon K. Nomanbhoy, Brian E. Nordin, Jonathan Rosenblum, Yongsheng Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract HSP90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that couples ATP hydrolysis to the folding and maturation of numerous client proteins. Because many of these client proteins are essential to cancer cell growth and survival, HSP90 inhibitors have undergone clinical investigation in numerous oncology indications. Here, using an LC-MS/MS platform previously developed to characterize ATP-competitive inhibitors of protein kinases, several HSP90 inhibitors were profiled in native cell lysates. This method utilizes an ATP derivative that covalently labels lysine residues in the ATP-binding site of any amenable enzyme. The specificity of inhibitors for all four paralogs of HSP90 (HSP90α, HSP90β, Grp94 and Trap-1) found in human cells was simultaneously monitored at their endogenous relative abundances. Interestingly, the concentration of HSP90 paralogs in human cell lysates was significantly higher than reported inhibitor binding constants, therefore complete inhibition was only observed at much higher concentrations than would have been predicted. In addition to the four HSP90 paralogs, inhibition data was collected on over 400 protein kinases and other nucleotide-binding proteins. This led to the discovery that NVP-AUY922 has off-target activity toward PMS2, an enzyme, like HSP90 itself, belonging to the GHKL ATPase superfamily. In addition to directly profiling compound targets in lysates, downstream effects of HSP90 inhibition were monitored by treating live cells and analyzing the resulting cell lysates at defined time points. Many proteins were found to be much less abundant in the compound-treated cells, including known HSP90 client proteins and novel, putative client proteins. Citation Format: Tyzoon K. Nomanbhoy, Brian E. Nordin, Jonathan Rosenblum, Yongsheng Liu. Profiling HSP90 inhibitors in cellular extracts on a mass spectrometry chemoproteomics platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1789. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1789
Assessment of central blood volume in cirrhosis by radionuclide angiography
Authors: Jens H. Henriksen, Søren Møller, Flemming Bendtsen, Helmer Ring-Larsen, K. Heine Stokholm, Jens Møgelvang, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Florence Wong, Liu Peter Liu, Laurence Blendis
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Effects of ageing and smoking on pulmonary computed tomography scans using parametric response mapping
Authors: Ilse M. Boudewijn, Dirkje S. Postma, Eef D. Telenga, Nick H.T. ten Hacken, Wim Timens, Matthijs Oudkerk, Brian D. Ross, Craig J. Galbán, Maarten van den Berge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease often caused by cigarette smoke, and characterised by inflammation and abnormalities of the large and small airways ( i.e. those with an internal diameter <2 mm), as well as by alveolar destruction (emphysema). Recent evidence suggests that small airway disease precedes emphysema [1] and, therefore, it may be useful to identify the presence and extent of small airway disease and emphysema in early COPD, or preferably, even before the onset of disease. Parametric response mapping can distinguish small airway disease, emphysema and parenchymal disease on pulmonary CT <http://ow.ly/Neuw6> The authors thank Jennifer Boes (Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) for optimising the registration algorithm used for the PRM analysis.
Abstract 13663: Resveratrol Inhibits Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through Attenuation of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neovascularization
Authors: Hidehiro Kaneko, Toshihisa Anzai, Maho Morisawa, Takashi Kohno, Masayuki Shimoda, Yuichiro Maekawa, Yasunori Okada, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is pathologically characterized by chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and neovascularization in aortic wall. Resveratrol is one of the poly...
Witch doctors and mental illness in mainland China: a preliminary study
Authors: S X Li, M R Phillips
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

This study, the first report on witch doctors in the People's Republic of China, found that most witch doctors are poorly educated peasants who perform healing rituals as a part-time occupation. Despite being officially illegal, folk healing practices are flourishing in the countryside: 73.9% (N = 286 of 387) of psychiatric outpatients from rural areas and 70.5% (N = 43 of 61) of mentally ill persons identified in a rural community admitted to consulting witch doctors. These findings indicate an urgent need to systematically assess the beneficial and detrimental effects of these practices on China's health care system.
RAGE siRNA-mediated gene silencing provides cardioprotection against ventricular arrhythmias in acute ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Hyelim Park, Sook Hee Ku, Hyewon Park, Jueun Hong, Dongkyu Kim, Bum-Rak Choi, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Hyejung Mok, Ji Hoon Jeong, Donghoon Choi, Sun Hwa Kim, Boyoung Joung
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA RECUKRING WITH MULTIPLE SATELLITES.
Authors: JOYCE WARNER, E. WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— Pyogenic granuloma is a common lesion which seldom arouses much concern. The eruption of multiple angiomatous satellites around the site of a recently treated pyogenic granuloma is a rare and alarming occurrence. Eleven such cases are reported and the literature is reviewed. The clinical and histological features of the recurrent lesions are described. The recurrences run a benign course and there is no evidence that the satellites are metastases. The pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma is considered in relationship to other connective tissue proliferative conditions and the control of the microcirculation.
Modeling an electronic field registry - An adaptation approach to climate change in mild altitude cities for early prediction of heat related COPD exacerbations
Authors: Baback Parandian, Marc Hanisch, Fred Meier, Matthias Grabenhorst, Uta Liebers, Melissa Jehn, Christian Witt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:   The effects of ongoing climate changes significantly impact health status in COPD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if heat waves and high air pollution reflect the magnitude of COPD exacerbation rates.   Objective:   To model an Electronic Field Registry in the mid latitude metropolitan Berlin containing climate and clinical patient data. The aim is to evaluate the association between environmental factors and COPD exacerbation rates. By means of an internet-based Electronic Field Map we hope to better screen patients at risk for exacerbation.   Methods and Materials:   The Electronic Field Registry will store climate and patient data. Climate data includes air temperature and humidity as well as level of air pollutants such as PM10, Black Smoke and O3. Climate data is continuously provided by 17 measuring stations throughout Berlin. Clinical data for exacerbation related hospital admissions were obtained from local hospital registries using ICD J44. Risk modeling is computed by regression analyses and machine learning algorithms.   Results:   The interface database contains all environmental data from 2011 and 2012. Preliminary analyses show higher risk for COPD exacerbation around periods with high air particle pollution and heat waves.   Discussion and Conclusion:   Our preliminary results suggest that rises in air pollution and temperature significantly impact exacerbation rates of COPD. Modeling of an Electronic Field Registry can help medical providers plan resources more efficiently by providing an early recognition system for screening high risk COPD patients during periods with poor air quality and heat waves.
Control groups for psychosocial intervention outcome studies
Authors: J M Strayhorn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

In psychosocial outcome research, as contrasted to pharmacologic research, control groups receiving inert treatment, designed to raise expectations but otherwise provide no service, are almost never indicated; this is true because of methodologic as well as ethical reasons. Four types of comparisons suffice as alternatives: treatment versus no treatment, treatment versus minimal treatment, treatment A versus treatment B, and dismantling. When choices are made among these types of comparisons with power analysis and eight other factors taken into account, the questions of outcome research should be answerable with maximum economic efficiency, with maximum benefit to subjects, and without deception.
Serum HBV DNA as a marker of efficacy during therapy for chronic HBV infection: Analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Herve Mommeja-Marin, Elsa Mondou, Robert M. Blum, Franck Rousseau
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Currently, compounds under evaluation for treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are evaluated with liver histology as the primary end point for efficacy. However, because of practical limitations in serial liver biopsies, there is a need for alternate markers to assess efficacy over shorter periods of time. Considering the direct correlation between viral replication and disease progression during human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection, we explored whether such a correlation exists for HBV infection. We reviewed the literature and conducted an analysis to investigate the relationship between absolute or treatment-induced changes in HBV DNA levels and other accepted markers of disease activity. A total of 26 prospective studies met our selection criteria, including 33 evaluable treatment arms. The study treatments consisted of nucleosides and/or interferon regimens and control arms. We found statistically significant and consistent correlations between viral load level or change and histologic grading and biochemical and serologic response. Our analysis suggests that a treatment-induced reduction in HBV DNA level can be used for assessing efficacy of treatment regimens. Further, we observed that quantitative HBV DNA has a broader dynamic range than histology, allowing demonstration of differences between 2 active treatments of unequal potency. The analysis showed stronger results in studies using nucleoside regimens and in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients. In conclusion, the goal of anti-HBV therapy should be profound and durable viral suppression, as defined by very sensitive assays. Additional prospective studies are needed to precisely determine the desirable level of viremia to attain.
Differential patterns of connexins in colon cancer progression
Authors: Areli Monarrez, Ofelia Zegarra-Moro, Thu Nguyen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3611 

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States with a high predisposition to metastasize. Furthermore, 30-40% of patients have metastatic disease at the initial diagnosis. Cancer cells exhibit deficiencies in cell-to-cell communications, particularly gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Gap Junctions are intercellular channels composed of connexin proteins, which mediate the direct passage of small molecules from one cell to the next. These small molecules are involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell signaling. Previous studies have suggested that gap junctions in part play a role in tumor formation and progression. However, the mechanisms involved in colon cancer progression remain unclear and the physical and functional interactions among Cx26, 32 and 43 has not been investigated. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine the differential patterns of Cx 26, 32 and 43 expressions using western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. We have examined the expression of Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43 in different cell models of malignancy of colon cancer: SW480, SW620, HT29 and Caco-2 cell lines. Previously studies have demonstrated that Cx26, 32 and 43 express in normal human epithelium cells and colon tissues. We also found that these connexins express in normal mouse colon tissues. The results show that expression of Cx26 and Cx32 was highly expressed in SW480 and SW620 cells, respectively. Furthermore, a functional interaction was observed between Cx26 and Cx32 proteins in SW480 and SW620 cells by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies. Our findings suggest that interaction among connexins may contribute to facilitate colon cancer progression.
Retinoblastoma protein potentiates the innate immune response in hepatocytes: Significance for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jack Hutcheson, Ryan J. Bourgo, Uthra Balaji, Adam Ertel, Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz, Erik S. Knudsen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Cancers mediated by viral etiology must exhibit deregulated cellular proliferation and evade immune recognition. The role of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) pathway, which is lost at relatively high frequency in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has recently been expanded to include the regulation of innate immune responsiveness. In this study we investigated the coordinate impact of RB-loss on cell cycle control and immune function in the liver. We found that RB depletion in hepatoma cells resulted in a compromised immunological response to multiple stimuli and reduced the potential of these cells to recruit myeloid cells. Viral-mediated liver-specific RB deletion in vivo led to the induction of genes associated with proliferation and cell cycle entry as well as the significant attenuation of genes associated with immune function, as evidenced by decreases in cytokine and chemokine expression, leukocyte recruitment, and hepatic inflammation. To determine if these changes in gene expression were instructive in human disease, we compared our liver-specific RB-loss gene signature to existing profiles of HCC and found that this signature was associated with disease progression and confers a worse prognosis. Our data confirm that RB participates in the regulation of innate immunity in liver parenchymal cells both in vitro and in vivo and to our knowledge describes the first gene signature associated with HCC that includes both immunoregulatory and proliferative genes and that can also be attributed to the alteration of a single gene in vitro.