tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resolution of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: R. H. S. Walker, J. A. Jackson, J. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

To assess restoration of pulmonary perfusion after pulmonary embolism serial lung scans were carried out on 74 patients. Of these, one-third showed almost complete recovery, one-third improved, and the remainder either failed to improve or became worse. Perfusion was most rapidly restored in the first few days after the embolus and more slowly during the next two to three weeks.Untreated patients improved less often and had more new defects in perfusion than patients treated with anticoagulant therapy, no difference occurring in either the amount of improvement or in the rate of recovery of perfusion between patients treated with different anticoagulant regimens. There was evidence of further pulmonary emboli in 35% of treated patients, 82% of these occurring within two weeks of the initial embolus. Patients with defects in perfusion greater than 30% showed considerable improvement but recovered less well than those with smaller defects.
Recapitulation of normal and abnormal BB rat immune system development in scid mouse/rat lymphohemopoietic chimeras.
Authors: D L Greiner, L D Shultz, A A Rossini, J P Mordes, E S Handler, T V Rajan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Mice homozygous for the mutation "severe combined immune deficiency" (C.B17-scid/scid) lack functional T and B lymphocytes and readily accept tumor xenografts. Partial lymphohemopoietic scid/human and mouse/rat chimeras have been described, but complete chimerization with thymic engraftment and generation of donor-origin thymocytes has not been achieved. We now report that low-dose irradiation permits the engraftment of BB rat fetal liver stem cells in scid recipients. We observed that BB rat fetal liver cells injected into irradiated scid mice establish a rat hemopoietic system in the scid mouse bone marrow and populate the scid mouse thymus. These stem cells generated rat-origin thymocytes that migrated to the scid mouse spleen, a peripheral lymphoid organ. Finally, we found that xenogeneic chimeras created using fetal liver cells from the abnormal (lymphopenic, diabetes prone) subline of BB rats recapitulated both the quantitative and phenotypic abnormalities of the donor rat. Xenogeneic lymphohemopoietic chimeras established in scid mice may provide a powerful new tool in the study of immune system development and autoimmunity.
Alcohol and Seizures
Authors: Roger P. Simon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

An association between alcohol and epilepsy has been suspected for centuries, but the nature of the relation is imprecisely established and the implications for therapy remain uncertain. For these reasons, an international symposium on alcohol and seizures will address these issues later this month.1 Common medical wisdom dictates that patients with epilepsy should abstain from alcohol use, but the basis of this counsel is unclear. The data of Lennox,2 based on a survey of 361 patients with epilepsy who used alcohol intermittently, suggested that an association between alcohol intake and seizures is uncommon: 79 percent reported that their seizures never . . .
New clinical guidelines for stroke published
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Royal College of Physicians has produced a national strategy for stroke in an attempt to improve stroke services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which have been criticised as disorganised, haphazard, and poor.

The national clinical guidelines for stroke are the first comprehensive guidelines to cover all aspects of stroke care from diagnosis to rehabilitation. They also include the views of patients and carers on what they want from stroke services.

Stroke is the third highest cause of death in the United Kingdom and the biggest single cause of major disability. Over 4% of NHS spending goes on stroke services.

A key issue underpinning the guidelines is that effective stroke management, whether in hospital or in the community, is best undertaken by a specialised team. …
PIP Kinase Iγ Is the Major PI(4,5)P2 Synthesizing Enzyme at the Synapse
Authors: Markus R Wenk, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Vadim A Klenchin, Gilbert Di Paolo, Sunghoe Chang, Laurie Daniell, Manabu Arioka, Thomas F Martin, Pietro De Camilli
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Direct vasoprotection by aspirin: a significant bonus to antiplatelet activity?
Authors: G KOJDA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Mehta et al.  [14]  (pages 243–249) in this issue. 

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an important drug in cardiovascular medicine. The evaluation in large clinical trials of its efficacy in preventing acute coronary events began about 20 years ago [1,2] and is still ongoing. An important consequence of this is the worldwide recommendation to use low-dose aspirin for primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and for treatment of unstable angina and non-ST-segment myocardial infarction [3,4]. Likewise, aspirin can be used safely for the prevention of vascular events in the cerebral and peripheral circulation, although higher doses might be required than for prevention of acute coronary events [5]. The knowledge about beneficial effects of aspirin has been rapidly and effectively translated into clinical practice. The results of the EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Program demonstrated that 86% of coronary patients received aspirin 6 months after discharge from the hospital, while the frequency of prescription of other recommended drugs such as β-blockers (63%), ACE-inhibitors (38%) and lipid-lowering drugs (61%) was considerably lower [6].

The beneficial effects of aspirin are directly related to its antiplatelet effects induced by selective inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) [5]. This selectivity is largely mediated by the unique and irreversible acetylation … 

*Tel.: +49 211 81 12518; fax: +49 211 81 14781. Email address: kojda{at}uni-duesseldorf.de
Vein-Graft Harvesting Technique in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: William Lineaweaver
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A multivariate analysis of limiting factors for stoma reversal in patients with rectal cancer entered into the total mesorectal excision (TME) trial: a retrospective study
Authors: Marcel den Dulk, Marije Smit, Koen CMJ Peeters, Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, Harm JT Rutten, Theo Wiggers, Hein Putter, Cornelis JH van de Velde
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2007)
Dietary polyunsaturated fats of the W-6 and W-3 series reduce postprandial lipoprotein levels. Chronic and acute effects of fat saturation on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism.
Authors: M S Weintraub, R Zechner, A Brown, S Eisenberg, J L Breslow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The chronic and acute effects of different types of dietary fat on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism were studied in eight normolipidemic subjects. Each person was placed for 25 d on each of three isocaloric diets: a saturated fat (SFA), a w-6 polyunsaturated fat (w-6 PUFA) and a w-3 polyunsaturated fat (w-3 PUFA) diet. Two vitamin A-fat loading tests were done on each diet. The concentrations in total plasma and chylomicron (Sf greater than 1,000) and nonchylomicron (Sf less than 1,000) fractions of retinyl palmitate (RP) were measured for 12 h postprandially. Compared with the SFA diet, the w-6 PUFA diet reduced chylomicron and nonchylomicron RP levels 56 and 38%, respectively, and the w-3 PUFA diet reduced these levels 67 and 53%, respectively. On further analysis, the main determinant of postprandial lipoprotein levels was the type of fat that was chronically fed, which appeared to mediate its effect by changing the concentration of the endogenous competitor for the system that catabolizes triglyeride-rich lipoproteins. However, there was a significant effect of the acute dietary fat load, which appeared to be due to a differential susceptibility to lipolysis of chylomicrons produced by SFA as opposed to PUFA fat loads. The levels of postprandial lipoproteins are determined by the interaction of these chronic and acute effects.
Closed-Chest Cardiac Resuscitation
Authors: S. Ralph Himmelhoch, Andrew Dekker, Alan B. Gazzaniga, Arthur A. Like
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

EXTERNAL cardiac compression1 represented such a promising contribution to the therapy of cardiac arrest that several studies evaluating its effectiveness have already appeared.1 2 3 These studies, however, have been based on retrospective evaluation of routine hospital records, leaving doubt concerning the completeness and accuracy of their data. Furthermore, they have judged the success of the procedure by the fraction of patients treated who survived to leave the hospital. Although survival is undeniably the ultimate goal of resuscitative procedures, external cardiac compression by itself can only be judged as a means of providing interim circulation during a period of ineffective cardiac action. . . .
ENV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV seronegative health care workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids.
Authors: L A Pinto, J Sullivan, J A Berzofsky, M Clerici, H A Kessler, A L Landay, G M Shearer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Identification of the components of protective immunity are crucial for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine strategies. Analysis of HIV-specific responses in exposed but uninfected individuals might thus provide a unique resource to elucidate the components and correlates of protective immunity to HIV. In the present study we analyzed HIV-specific cytotoxic and helper T lymphocyte responses in health care workers (HCW) exposed to body fluids from HIV-positive individuals. HCW exposed to blood from HIV-negative individuals as well as healthy donors served as controls. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to HIV envelope (env) peptides were detected in 7/20 (35%) HCW exposed to HIV-positive blood and in none of the 20 health care workers exposed to uninfected blood or the seven healthy blood donors studied. HIV-specific CTL responses were detected only after in vitro stimulation, and were MHC class I restricted. No MHC class I restriction elements were uniformly identified among the different responders. 21/28 (75%) HCW exposed to contaminated blood responded to env as measured by IL-2 production to the peptides, in contrast to only 9/38 (24%) HCW exposed to HIV seronegative blood and 3/35 (9%) healthy blood donors. All the HIV exposed individuals were seronegative on repeated ELISA tests, and no evidence of infection was obtained by PCR analysis. These findings indicate that a single exposure to HIV can induce CTL immunity to HIV antigens, in the absence of other evidence of infection.
Thyrotoxicosis and Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: R. D. Thomas, D. N. Croft
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a retrospective survey we found that five (8.5%) out of 59 women with giant-cell arteritis had a history of thyrotoxicosis. This was significantly higher than in a control group of patients. Giant-cell arteritis and thyrotoxicosis occurred simultaneously in two cases. Knowledge of this association is of clinical use and is further evidence for an immunological basis for giant-cell arteritis.
Reply to the comments by Dr. Windeler on our article: “Negative Haemoccult® Test in Malignant and Premalignant Lesions of the Colon”
Authors: J. M. Kimmig
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

See also: Negative Haemoccult Test in Malignant and Premalignant Lesions of the Colon, Validation of the Haemoccult Test with Total ColonoscopyEndoscopy 1990; 22(02): 88-88DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010732
Evaluation of screening methods for identification of patients with chronic rheumatological disease requiring tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis prior to commencement of TNF-α antagonist therapy
Authors: Aran Singanayagam, Kavina Manalan, Saranya Sridhar, Philip L Molyneaux, David W Connell, Peter M George, Anne Kindelerer, Suranjith Seneviratne, Ajit Lalvani, Melissa Wickremasinghe, Onn Min Kon
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients undergoing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist therapy are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum available screening strategy for identifying patients for&nbsp;tuberculosis (TB) chemoprophylaxis. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a prospective observational study of consecutive adults with chronic rheumatological disease referred for LTBI screening prior to commencement of TNF-α antagonist therapy. All patients included had calculation of TB risk according to age, ethnicity and year of UK entry, as described in the 2005 British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines and measurement of tuberculin skin test (TST) and T.Spot.<i>TB</i>. <h3>Results</h3> There were 187 patients included in the study, with 157 patients (84%) taking immunosuppressants. 137 patients would require further risk stratification according to the BTS algorithm, with 110 (80.3%) classified as being at low risk of having LTBI. There were 39 patients (35.5%) who were categorised as low risk but were either TST and/or T.Spot positive and would not have received chemoprophylaxis according to the BTS algorithm. Combination of all three methods (risk stratification and/or positive T.Spot and/or positive TST) identified 66 patients out of 137 who would potentially be offered chemoprophylaxis, which was greater than any single test or two-test combination. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Performing both a TST and T.Spot in patients on immunosuppressants prior to commencement of TNF-α antagonist therapy gives an additional yield of potential LTBI compared with use of risk stratification tables alone. Our results suggest that use of all three screening modalities gives the highest yield of patients potentially requiring chemoprophylaxis.
Studies on the Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Infections. V. Factors Influencing Acquisition of Specific Serologic Groups*
Authors: Richard H. Winterbauer, Marvin Turck, Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Stool carrier rates of Escherichia coli serogroups 4, 6, and 75 were determined on admission and discharge for 190 patients. Persons who were in the hospital 3 weeks or longer had an intestinal carrier rate of 46% compared to a rate of 28% in individuals who had no recent hospital contact. Treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics increased the susceptibility for acquisition of certain specific serologic groups. This was apparently not related to replacement of sensitive E. coli by drug-resistant forms. Studies were made to determine the environmental source for colonization of hospitalized patients and the risk of urinary infection in stool carriers of these strains. A survey of inanimate objects of medical and urological wards demonstrated infrequent isolation of 04, 06, and 075, indicating that extraintestinal foci were an unlikely source for hospital-acquired E. coli. Hemagglutination titers with determination of group-specific O antibody failed to demonstrate any deficiency in hospitalized patients who became colonized with certain coliforms. Similarly, no significant deficit in group-specific serum antibody was found in patients who were community carriers of E. coli 04, 06, or 075. Despite a high rate of acquisition of E. coli serogroups 4, 6, and 75 in the stools of hospitalized patients, only those patients undergoing urinary tract manipulation developed bacteriuria.
Legionnaires' Disease in Nottingham, England
Authors: A. D. Macrae, P. N. Appleton, A. Laverick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Legionnaires' disease bacterium was identified as the cause of severe pneumonia in some Nottingham, England, patients in 1977. Laboratory studies were not restricted to Nottingham but included several other areas in England. The 41 cases identified were evenly divided between areas; they also accounted for about one half of all cases for the entire country. No source of infection has been identified in these sporadic cases. There was no contact between patients, and only a few had travelled abroad before their illnesses. Serologic sampling of populations in Nottingham did not reveal a large background of infection. Only 31 of 2023 sera tested had low titer antibody to the Pontiac antigen used. Guinea-pig antisera to two positive lung extracts showed an antigenic relation to the Pontiac but not to the Togus strain, suggesting strain variation.
Preliminary Assessment of Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Acute Vaso-occlusive Crisis in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Debra L. Weiner, Patricia L. Hibberd, Peter Betit, Andrew B. Cooper, Christine A. Botelho, Carlo Brugnara
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Vaso-occlusion is central to the painful crises and acute and chronic organ damage in sickle cell disease. Abnormal nitric oxide–dependent regulation of vascular tone, adhesion, platelet activation, and inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion. Nitric oxide may have promise as a mechanism-of-disease–based therapy for treatment of vaso-occlusion. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore the efficacy and safety of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) for treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis in pediatric patients. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with enrollment between September 1999 and October 2001. <h3>Setting</h3> Urban, tertiary care children's hospital in the United States. <h3>Participants</h3> Twenty patients aged 10 to 21 years with sickle cell disease and severe acute vaso-occlusive crisis. <h3>Intervention</h3> Patients were randomly assigned to receive INO (80 ppm with 21% final concentration of inspired oxygen; n = 10), or placebo (21% inspired oxygen; n = 10) for 4 hours. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Change in pain at 4 hours of inhalation compared with preinhalation pain, measured on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS); secondary outcome measures were pain over 6 hours, parenteral narcotic use over 24 hours, duration of hospitalization, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and methemoglobin concentration. <h3>Results</h3> Preinhalation VAS pain scores were similar in the INO and placebo groups (<i>P</i>= .80). The decrease in VAS pain scores at 4 hours was 2.0 cm in the INO group and 1.2 cm in the placebo group (<i>P</i>= .37). Repeated-measures analysis of variance for hourly pain scores showed a 1-cm/h greater reduction in the INO group than the placebo group (<i>P</i>= .02). Morphine use over 6 hours was significantly less in the INO group (mean cumulative use, 0.29 vs 0.44 mg/kg;<i>P</i>= .03) but was not different over 4 hours (0.26 vs 0.32 mg/kg;<i>P</i>= .21) or 24 hours (0.63 vs 0.91 mg/kg;<i>P</i>= .15). Duration of hospitalization was 78 and 100 hours in the INO and placebo groups, respectively (<i>P</i>= .19). No INO toxicity was observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results of this exploratory study suggest that INO may be beneficial for acute vaso-occlusive crisis. These preliminary results warrant further investigation.
New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Carotid Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Say Hak Tea, Jacques Mansourati, Gildas L’Heveder, Dominique Mabin, Jean-Jacques Blanc
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The pathophysiology of carotid sinus syndrome remains poorly understood. Currently, two main hypotheses are provided: a lesion at the level of carotid sinus receptors or a central defect at the level of the nuclei of the autonomic nervous system. The objective of our study was to present arguments in favor of one of these two hypotheses.Test selection was guided by the following hypothesis: a degenerative central or local lesion could be associated with dysfunctions in the structures surrounding or comprising the baroreflex centers or their pathways. To test this hypothesis, brain stem auditory-evoked potentials; somatosensory-evoked potentials; blink reflexes; sympathetic skin responses; and styloglossus, sternocleidomastoid, and superior trapezius muscle electromyography were systematically performed from the right and left sides in 17 patients with carotid sinus syndrome and in 17 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Similar responses were found in the two groups for the "central" tests. Contrasting with this result, the electromyographic analysis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle differed significantly between the groups: 13 (76%) had pathological responses in the carotid sinus syndrome group compared with only 4 (23.5%) in the control group (P < .01). Furthermore, the abnormality was found on the right and left sides in 9 patients (53%) in the study group and in none of the control group (P < .005).This study strongly suggests that the neuromuscular structures surrounding the carotid mechanoreceptors are involved in the carotid sinus syndrome; however, the exact mechanism remains speculative.
Characterization of DXZ4 conservation in primates implies important functional roles for CTCF binding, array expression and tandem repeat organization on the X chromosome
Authors: Christine R McLaughlin, Brian P Chadwick
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Abstract Background Comparative sequence analysis is a powerful means with which to identify functionally relevant non-coding DNA elements through conserved nucleotide sequence. The macrosatellite DXZ4 is a polymorphic, uninterrupted, tandem array of 3-kb repeat units located exclusively on the human X chromosome. While not obviously protein coding, its chromatin organization suggests differing roles for the array on the active and inactive X chromosomes. Results In order to identify important elements within DXZ4, we explored preservation of DNA sequence and chromatin conformation of the macrosatellite in primates. We found that DXZ4 DNA sequence conservation beyond New World monkeys is limited to the promoter and CTCF binding site, although DXZ4 remains a GC-rich tandem array. Investigation of chromatin organization in macaques revealed that DXZ4 in males and on the active X chromosome is packaged into heterochromatin, whereas on the inactive X, DXZ4 was euchromatic and bound by CTCF. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest an important conserved role for DXZ4 on the X chromosome involving expression, CTCF binding and tandem organization.