tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Somatic symptoms and HIV infection: relationship to depressive symptoms and indicators of HIV disease
Authors: Diana O. Perkins, Jane Leserman, Robert A. Stern, Stephan F. Baum, Duanping Liao, Robert N. Golden, Dwight L. Evans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study examined the relationship of the somatic symptoms fatigue and insomnia with indicators of both psychiatric disturbance and HIV disease severity.Study participants were 98 asymptomatic HIV-infected and 71 uninfected homosexual men; 82 HIV-infected and 64 uninfected men had 6-month follow-up examinations. Scales from the self-reported Profile of Mood States measured fatigue and dysphoric mood. Major depression diagnosis was determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Selected items from the Hamilton depression and anxiety scales measured insomnia and other symptoms of depression. Performance on a battery of standardized tests determined neuropsychological function ratings.At study entry, complaints of fatigue and insomnia were associated with dysphoric mood, major depression, and other non-HIV-related symptoms of major depression but not with CD4 cell counts or neuropsychological functioning. Increases in levels of fatigue and insomnia over the 6-month follow-up period were associated with increases in non-HIV-related symptoms of depression and in severity of dysphoric mood. Increases in fatigue were also associated with decrements in motor functioning. Otherwise, fatigue or insomnia were not associated with HIV disease progression.These findings suggest that complaints of fatigue and insomnia in otherwise asymptomatic HIV-infected patients are likely to be related to psychological disturbances and possibly major depression, which can be treated. HIV-infected patients who complain of fatigue or insomnia should routinely be assessed for major depression.
Professional Burnout in European Young Oncologists: a European Survey Conducted By the European Society for Medical Oncology (Esmo) Young Oncologists Committee
Authors: S. Banerjee, R. Califano, J. Corral, E. De Azambuja, L. De Mattos-Arruda, V. Guarneri, M. Hutka, K. Jordan, E. Martinelli, G. Mountzios, M.A. Ozturk, M. Petrova, S. Postel-Vinay, M. Preusser, C. Qvortrup, M. Strijbos, N.M. Volkov, D. Olmos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Quantitative measure of c-abl andp15 methylation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: biological implications
Authors: TuDung T. Nguyen, Ann F. Mohrbacher, Yvonne C. Tsai, John Groffen, Nora Heisterkamp, Peter W. Nichols, Mimi C. Yu, Michael Lübbert, Peter A. Jones
Journal: Blood (2000)
Metastatic Competence Can Emerge with Selection of Preexisting Oncogenic Alleles without a Need of New Mutations
Authors: Leni S. Jacob, Sakari Vanharanta, Anna C. Obenauf, Mono Pirun, Agnes Viale, Nicholas D. Socci, Joan Massagué
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Several experimental models faithfully recapitulate many important facets of human metastatic disease. Here, we have performed whole-exome sequencing in five widely used experimental metastasis models that were independently derived through in vivo selection from heterogeneous human cancer cell lines. In addition to providing an important characterization of these model systems, our study examines the genetic evolution of metastatic phenotypes. We found that in vivo selected highly metastatic cell populations showed little genetic divergence from the corresponding parental population. However, selection of genetic variations that preexisted in parental populations, including the well-established oncogenic mutations KRASG13D and BRAFG464V, was associated with increased metastatic capability. Conversely, expression of the wild-type BRAF allele in metastatic cells inhibited metastatic outgrowth as well as tumor initiation in mice. Our findings establish that metastatic competence can arise from heterogeneous cancer cell populations without the need for acquisition of additional mutations and that such competence can benefit from further selection of tumor-initiating mutations that seed primary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3713–9. ©2015 AACR.
Breast Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Analysis. I. Isolation and Radioimmunoassay for a Major Component Protein
Authors: D E Haagensen, G Mazoujian, W G Dilley, C E Pedersen, S J Kister, S A Wells
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Human breast gross cystic disease (GCD) fluid was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and four major proteins (GCDFP-70), GCDFP-44, GCDFP-24, and GCDFP-15) were identified. By fractionation techniques, these proteins were separated from one another. The GCDFP-70 was immunologically identical to human albumin and was present in GCD fluid at approximately a 100-fold lower concentration than in plasma. The GCDFP-44 was immunologically identical to human plasma Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein; however, it was present in GCD fluid at an approximately 50-fold higher concentration than in plasma. The GCDFP-24 was the major component protein of GCD fluid. It had progesterone binding activity, and immunologically it was identical to a component of human plasma; however, antisera that identified 30 separate components of plasma failed to identify the GCDFP-24 as one of these plasma proteins. The GCDFP-24 concentration in GCD fluid was approximately 100-fold higher than the plasma analog. The GCDFP-15 component was immunologically distinct from any plasma components, as judged by Ouchterlony analysis. It was, however, immunologically identical with a component of both human milk and saliva. As revealed by radioimmunoassay, plasma levels in normal subjects were 7-85 ng/ml. In patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, markedly plasma levels (150-30,000 ng/ml) of this protein were detected. Short-term tissue cultures of breast carcinoma explants released this protein into the culture medium.
Retinitis pigmentosa and deafness
Authors: R P Mills, D M Calver
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Seventeen patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) have been investigated audiologically. Of 9 found to have a significant hearing loss, 6 were examples of Usher's syndrome; these patients had a cochlear pattern of hearing loss. The other 3 were examples of Senior's syndrome, Kearne-Sayre syndrome and Lawrence-Moon-Biedle syndrome respectively. Two of these patients had absent stapedius reflexes. It is suggested that patients with different RP-deafness syndromes may have lesions in different parts of the auditory system.
Vascular reactivity during combined ultrafiltration-hemodialysis
Authors: W H van Kuijk, W A Buurman, P G Gerlag, K M Leunissen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

It has been suggested that hemodynamic instability and impaired vascular reactivity during combined ultrafiltration-hemodialysis are related to bioincompatibility factors such as dialysate-derived contaminants or the dialyzer. The study presented here investigated whether vascular reactivity could be improved by the use of sterile dialysate. Forearm vascular resistance and venous tone (measured by strain-gauge plethysmography) as well as arterial blood pressure (by Dinamap) and heart rate (by electrocardiogram) were measured in ten stable dialysis patients (age range, 28 to 71 yr) during 2 h of combined ultrafiltration-hemodialysis (bicarbonate; ultrafiltration rate 1.0 L/h). In addition, a dialysate sample was obtained for culture and limulus amebocyte lysate testing while blood was withdrawn for the estimation of plasma bactericidal/permeability increasing factor (measured by ELISA) and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 (measured by ELISA). Patients served as their own control, comparing dialysis with nonsterile and sterile dialysate. No bacterial growth was observed in sterile dialysate, whereas all samples were positive for Pseudomonas in culture in nonsterile dialysis. All limulus amebocyte lysate tests were negative. Bactericidal/permeability increasing factor tended to increase during nonsterile dialysis (P = 0.063) and remained unchanged during sterile dialysis. In both treatments, tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 increased significantly (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters between the treatment modalities. Despite use of sterile dialysate, forearm vascular resistance remained unchanged whereas venous tone decreased significantly. These results indicate that vascular reactivity during combined ultrafiltration-hemodialysis is not improved by the use of sterile dialysate.
Association of Race, Age, Menopausal Status, and Cerumen Type With Breast Fluid Secretion in Nonlactating Women, as Determined by Nipple Aspiration&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N L Petrakis, L Mason, R Lee, B Sugimoto, S Pawson, F Catchpool
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Biologic and physiologic factors associated with the availability of breast secretions by a nipple aspiration technique were investigated in 606 normal, non-lactating women. Data obtained on race, age, menstrual status, parity, contraceptive pill use, hormone use, and cerumen type indicated that availability of secretions was related to race, age, and menopause, and to genetic factors associated with apocrine bland function. Fluid aspirates were obtained most often from Caucasians (70.2% success), least often from Chinese (24.1% success). The percentage of successful aspirations declined in women over 50 years of age in all racial groups, but distinctly less so in Caucasians. Chinese and Japanese women with dry-type cerumen had a lower percentage of successful aspirations than those with wet type, which suggested that genetic factors may be associated with breast fluid secretion in nonlactating women.
Improving and redesigning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease services: A systematic improvement approach
Authors: Phil Duncan, Catherine Thompson, Catherine Blackaby, Zoe Lord, Ore Okosi, Hannah Wall, Alex Porter, Kevin Holton, Anne Moger, Matt Kearney, Robert Winter, Sue L. Hill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The Lung Improvement Programme supports the implementation of the national COPD strategy and enables delivery of effective clinical practice through process improvement and redesign. Focussed on quality, productivity and innovation the work supports a practical approach to sustainable improvements across the whole care pathway.   Objectives:  To develop redesigned pathways, new service models and transferable principles for COPD services in England to improve the patient experience and outcomes.   Methods:  50 improvement projects focussed on different steps of the pathway: diagnosis, acute care, chronic disease management, home oxygen services and end of life care. Through a national programme of peer support and application of service improvement tools, each project used data to form objective measures of change; diagnostic tools were used to understand the variation in provision and testing approaches to develop and refine news ways of working.   Results:  Using 3 principles: administrative review, prescription optimisation and assessment and review, 7 home oxygen projects have demonstrated a total annualised cost efficiency saving of £590k. Other emerging principles that underpin effective care models are early accurate diagnosis, medicines optimisation, effective self management, managing high impact users, structured patient reviews, integrated care and using data to effect change.   Conclusion:  There is variation in the delivery of services for COPD patients due to process duplication and system waste. A systematic improvement approach provides opportunities for significant productivity gains and at the same time reduces variation and costs, and improves quality and outcomes.
Does apoptosis evasion only affect fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Vanesa Vicens Zygmunt, Criselda Mendoza, Gustavo Olvera, Alfredo Cruz, Yair Romero, Martha Montaño, Carlos Ramos, Maria Molina, Moisés Selman, Annie Pardo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that fibroblasts/myofibroblasts from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are resistant to apoptosis. However, evidence is weak and comparison with other interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is scanty.  AIM: To compare fibroblast apoptosis/autophagy in IPF with other ILD in spontaneous and induced situations.  METHODS: Fibroblasts obtained from IPF, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, ILD-autoimmune diseases and controls were studied according cellular size by flow cytometry. TNFα-IFNγ-Fas (TIF) and H2O2 induced apoptosis/autophagy. Human apoptosis antibody array, western blotting (LC3 conversion), α-smooth muscle actin (immunofluorescence) and ultrastructure morphology (electronic microscopy) were examined after cell sorting by flow cytometry.  RESULTS: Two types of fibroblasts were observed in all samples: small, “spindle” shaped and large “stellate” fibroblasts (mostly myofibroblasts). Large fibroblasts were significantly more resistant to TIF-induced apoptosis/autophagy compared to small ones, independently of the type of ILD. H2O2 induced apoptosis similarly in both cell types. Non-stimulated large IPF cells showed upregulation of antiapoptotic genes (XIAP and HMOX-1) and downregulation of proapoptotic proteins (TNFR1, TRAIL) and exhibited upregulation of other antiapoptotic genes (HSP70, HSP27 and Claspin) after TIF treatment. Ultrastructural morphology after TIF treatment exhibited profuse mitochondria in large IPF fibroblasts and numerous apoptotic bodies in small ones.  CONCLUSION: Large fibroblasts, likely myofibroblasts phenotype, may confer resistance to cell death, independently of the type of ILD. Certain upregulated antiapoptotic proteins may be responsible. Supported by PAPIIT IN214612.
Epigenomic Signatures of Neuronal Diversity in the Mammalian Brain
Authors: Alisa Mo, Eran A. Mukamel, Fred P. Davis, Chongyuan Luo, Gilbert L. Henry, Serge Picard, Mark A. Urich, Joseph R. Nery, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Ryan Lister, Sean R. Eddy, Joseph R. Ecker, Jeremy Nathans
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Late-breaking abstract: Hospital readmissions for children on long-term home ventilation
Authors: Evie Robson, Philip Chetcuti, Alistair Duff, Heather Elphick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background The number of children requiring Long-Term home Ventilation (LTV) in the UK continues to increase.(Wallis C. et al. Archives of Disease in Childhood.2011;96:998-1002) Evidence is sparse regarding hospital readmissions if children are unwell.  Aims The population of children requiring LTV in the Yorkshire and Humber region was defined. Hospital readmission rates, reasons for readmission and implications for children and their families were determined.  Methods All children requiring LTV in the Yorkshire and Humber region between 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2011 were included. Case notes and nursing care plans were reviewed. Qualitative data was collected using questionnaires and also telephone interviews with nine parents.  Results The current prevalence of children requiring LTV in the Yorkshire and Humber region is 6.2/100,000.  The readmission rate was 0.32 per child per year. 85% were due to lower respiratory tract infections. The median length of stay was 8 days.  Thematic analysis of parent interviews identified six themes: The effects on the family unit, issues on ‘being a child9, parents being a parent and expert, community care issues, confidence in expert services and a feeling in hospital of we don9t belong.  Conclusion The current prevalence of children requiring LTV reflects other areas in the UK. This study has identified areas requiring improvement including effective initial discharge planning, more up-to-date, informative care plans, easier access to expert support, and a requirement for an improved consistent in-patient service. Hospital readmissions have a significant psychosocial impact on children and their families, and wherever possible, focus should be aimed at their prevention.
Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the <i>Annals</i> Archive—Emergency Response and Life Support
Authors: Deborah Cotton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Editorials3 November 2015Celebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive—Emergency Response and Life SupportDeborah Cotton, MD, MPHDeborah Cotton, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2092 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail During the 2015 centennial year of the American College of Physicians, publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals editors will link an article in each issue with an earlier paper from our archives addressing the same disease or clinical question. We hope our readers find this interesting and we welcome comments, especially from physicians who were practicing at the time of publication of the original paper who might offer insight into the impact of the earlier paper on their knowledge or practice.In an observational study published in this issue, Sanghavi and colleagues (1) found that among Medicare beneficiaries with ...References1. Sanghavi P, Jena AB, Newhouse JP, Zaslavsky AM. Outcomes of basic versus advanced life support for out-of-hospital medical emergencies. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:681-90. doi:10.7326/M15-0557 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kay CF. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a chain of many links [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:411-3. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-411 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Chain of Many Links CALVIN F. KAY Is Prehospital Advanced Life Support Harmful? Comilla Sasson and Jason S. Haukoos Outcomes of Basic Versus Advanced Life Support for Out-of-Hospital Medical Emergencies Prachi Sanghavi , Anupam B. Jena , Joseph P. Newhouse , and Alan M. Zaslavsky Outcomes of Basic Versus Advanced Life Support for Out-of-Hospital Medical Emergencies Prachi Sanghavi , Anupam B. Jena , Joseph P. Newhouse , and Alan M. Zaslavsky Is Prehospital Advanced Life Support Harmful? Comilla Sasson and Jason S. Haukoos Metrics 3 November 2015Volume 163, Issue 9Page: 718KeywordsArchivesCardiopulmonary resuscitationLegislationMedicareMyocardial infarctionObservational studiesOxygenRespiratory failureResuscitationThorax ePublished: 3 November 2015 Issue Published: 3 November 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Increased Familial Risk for Lung Cancer
Authors: Wee L. Ooi, Robert C. Elston, Vivien W. Chen, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, Henry Rothschild
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

For the determination of whether lung cancer clusters in families, an analysis was conducted on demographic and morbidity-mortality data, occupational and industrial experiences, and tobacco use practices for family members of 336 deceased lung cancer probands and 307 controls (probands' spouses). First-degree relatives of probands, compared with first-degree relatives of controls, showed a strong excess risk for lung cancer. Overall, male relatives of probands had a greater risk for lung cancer than did their female counterparts, and the risk was fourfold for parents of probands as compared with parents of spouses. Female relatives of probands over 40 years old were at nine times higher risk than similarly aged female controls, even among those who were non-smokers and who had not reported excessive exposure to hazardous occupations; the risk was fourfold to sixfold for heavy smokers. After control for the confounding effects of age, sex, cigarette smoking, and occupational and industrial exposures, relationship to proband remained a significant determinant of lung cancer, with a 2.4-fold greater risk among relatives of probands.
Global cancer surgery: delivering safe, affordable, and timely cancer surgery
Authors: Richard Sullivan, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Benjamin O Anderson, Riccardo Audisio, Philippe Autier, Ajay Aggarwal, Charles Balch, Murray F Brennan, Anna Dare, Anil D'Cruz, Alexander M M Eggermont, Kenneth Fleming, Serigne Magueye Gueye, Lars Hagander, Cristian A Herrera, Hampus Holmer, André M Ilbawi, Anton Jarnheimer, Jia-fu Ji, T Peter Kingham, Jonathan Liberman, Andrew J M Leather, John G Meara, Swagoto Mukhopadhyay, Shilpa S Murthy, Sherif Omar, Groesbeck P Parham, C S Pramesh, Robert Riviello, Danielle Rodin, Luiz Santini, Shailesh V Shrikhande, Mark Shrime, Robert Thomas, Audrey T Tsunoda, Cornelis van de Velde, Umberto Veronesi, Dehannathparambil Kottarathil Vijaykumar, David Watters, Shan Wang, Yi-Long Wu, Moez Zeiton, Arnie Purushotham
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Cancer survival in England still lags behind similar countries, study shows:
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Survival among patients in England with a range of cancers has improved steadily over the past few years but remains lower than in other countries with similar healthcare systems, a new study shows.

The study, published in the British Journal of Cancer ,1 used national, population based cancer registrations to estimate the net survival among 1.9 million patients with breast, colon, rectum, lung, stomach, or ovarian cancer in England who were diagnosed from 1995 to 2012.

The researchers then compared the trends in survival from 1995 to 2009 with estimates …
The clinical and histological effect of home-use, combination blue-red LED phototherapy for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris in Korean patients: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: H.H. Kwon, J.B. Lee, J.Y. Yoon, S.Y. Park, H.H. Ryu, B.M. Park, Y.J. Kim, D.H. Suh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Blue and red light have been reported to have beneficial effects on acne. However, there has been no double‐blind, randomized study of acne treatment for combined blue and red light‐emitting diode (LED) devices, and the associated molecular mechanisms have rarely been investigated. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and histological changes of combined blue and red LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris. Methods Thirty‐five patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne were randomly assigned to either a home‐use irradiation group using an LED device, or a control group using a sham device. The treatment group was instructed to serially irradiate their forehead and cheeks with 420‐nm blue light and 660‐nm red light for 2·5 min twice daily for 4 weeks. Results At the final visit at 12 weeks, both inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions had decreased significantly, by 77% and 54%, respectively, in the treatment group. No significant difference was observed in the control group. In the treatment group, sebum output reduction, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltrations and a decreased size of the sebaceous gland were found. The immunostaining intensities for interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐1α, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, toll‐like receptor‐2, nuclear factor‐κB, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)‐1 were reduced concomitantly. Messenger RNA expression of SREBP‐1c was also decreased. No severe adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions This LED phototherapy was safe and effective for treating not only inflammatory but also noninflammatory acne lesions, with good compliance. The experimental results correlated well with clinical results, partly elucidating the related molecular mechanisms.