tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary D-glucaric acid excretion in the Seveso area, polluted by tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): five years of experience.
Authors: G Idéo, G Bellati, A Bellobuono, L Bissanti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

On July 10, 1976, an explosion in a factory in Seveso, Italy, located 30 km north of Milan, producing trichlorophenol caused the release of TCDD-containing compounds in the surrounding area. Since extremely small doses of TCDD have been shown to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes in animals, urinary D-glucaric acid excretion (a measurable index of enzyme induction), has been investigated in Seveso in adults and children 6 to 8 years old, in order to clarify whether levels of environmental exposure to TCDD were sufficient to produce an induction in man. Urine samples were collected from 1976 to 1981. As a control group, people living in Cannero (a nonindustrialized village on lake Magiore), in Busto Arsizio (a small industrial town near Milan) and in Lentate (a noncontaminated zone near Seveso) were chosen. In the first period of collection, children with chloracne (which is considered to be a characteristic manifestation of intoxication with chlorinated products) showed significantly increased levels of D-glucaric acid excretion compared to children without chloracne living in the same zone. As far as chronic exposure is concerned, up to 3 years after the accident both adults and children living in the Seveso area showed a statistically significant enhancement of D-glucaric acid elimination compared to the control groups. This study demonstrates that adults and children living in the polluted zones had an increased activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes for some years, since, although the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid is only an indirect measure of enzyme activity, studies in man have indicated that it is, however, sensitive and quantitative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BCL2 mutations are associated with increased risk of transformation and shortened survival in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Cristina Correia, Paula A. Schneider, Haiming Dai, Ahmet Dogan, Matthew J. Maurer, Amy K. Church, Anne J. Novak, Andrew L. Feldman, Xiaosheng Wu, Husheng Ding, X. Wei Meng, James R. Cerhan, Susan L. Slager, William R. Macon, Thomas M. Habermann, Judith E. Karp, Steven D. Gore, Neil E. Kay, Diane F. Jelinek, Thomas E. Witzig, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Scott H. Kaufmann
Journal: Blood (2014)
Immune Recovery after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Flu-TBI versus TLI-ATG Conditioning
Authors: Muriel Hannon, Yves Beguin, Grégory Ehx, Sophie Servais, Laurence Seidel, Carlos Graux, Johan Maertens, Tessa Kerre, Coline Daulne, Muriel de Bock, Marianne Fillet, Aurélie Ory, Evelyne Willems, André Gothot, Stéphanie Humblet-Baron, Frédéric Baron
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: A conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) combining total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) plus anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been developed to induce graft-versus-tumor effects without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Experimental Design: We compared immune recovery in 53 patients included in a phase II randomized study comparing nonmyeloablative HCT following either fludarabine plus 2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI arm, n = 28) or 8 Gy TLI plus ATG (TLI arm, n = 25). Results: In comparison with TBI patients, TLI patients had a similarly low 6-month incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD, a lower incidence of moderate/severe chronic GVHD (P = 0.02), a higher incidence of CMV reactivation (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and a higher incidence of relapse (P = 0.01). While recovery of total CD8+ T cells was similar in the two groups, with median CD8+ T-cell counts reaching the normal values 40 to 60 days after allo-HCT, TLI patients had lower percentages of naïve CD8 T cells. Median CD4+ T-cell counts did not reach the lower limit of normal values the first year after allo-HCT in the two groups. Furthermore, CD4+ T-cell counts were significantly lower in TLI than in TBI patients the first 6 months after transplantation. Interestingly, while median absolute regulatory T-cell (Treg) counts were comparable in TBI and TLI patients, Treg/naïve CD4+ T-cell ratios were significantly higher in TLI than in TBI patients the 2 first years after transplantation. Conclusions: Immune recovery differs substantially between these two conditioning regimens, possibly explaining the different clinical outcomes observed (NCT00603954). Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3131–9. ©2015 AACR.
RAMSEY, ISLE OF MAN
Authors: J. M. Barbour
Journal: BMJ (1909)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Macrophage activation involves metabolic reprogramming to support antimicrobial cellular functions. How these metabolic shifts influence the outcome of infection by intracellular pathogens remains incompletely understood. <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) modulates host metabolic pathways and utilizes host nutrients, including cholesterol and fatty acids, to survive within macrophages. We found that intracellular growth of Mtb depends on host fatty acid catabolism: when host fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) was blocked chemically with trimetazidine, a compound in clinical use, or genetically by deletion of the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Mtb failed to grow in macrophages and its growth was attenuated in mice. Global metabolic profiling and mechanistic studies support a model in which inhibition of FAO generates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which enhance macrophage NADPH oxidase and xenophagy activity to better control Mtb infection. Thus, FAO inhibition promotes key antimicrobial functions of macrophages and overcomes immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb.
P2-204: Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy with oral vinorelbine and cisplatin after induction chemotherapy with cisplatin-docetaxel in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A multicenter phase II trial. Interim analysis. GFPC study 05-03
Authors: Eric Huchot, Alain Vergnenegre, Fabrice Barlesi, Hervé Lena, Yannick Le Guen, Jean Auliac, Dominique Paillotin, Hervé Le Caer, Abdesslam Chajara, Gilles Robinet
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Atypical features make echocardiography mandatory in suspected heart failure
Authors: Allan D Struthers
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One of the key skills of a good diagnostician is to spot when a patient's case has enough atypical features for there to be a strong chance that the “obvious” diagnosis might be wrong. This suspicion would lead a good diagnostician to perform extra investigations.

In this case, the normal electrocardiographic appearance virtually excluded the possibility of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (figure). The other less reliable atypical features were the lack of any history of ischaemic heart disease and the lack of any response to furosemide (although the dose might not have been high enough). Of course, these alerting, atypical features had to be balanced against all the positive features suggesting heart …
Bioabsorbable fixation in orthopaedic surgery and traumatology
Authors: Pentti U Rokkanen, Ole Böstman, Eero Hirvensalo, E.Antero Mäkelä, Esa K Partio, Hannu Pätiälä, Seppo Vainionpää, None Kimmo Vihtonen, Pertti Törmälä
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Risk stratification for open heart surgery.
Authors: A. Allan, A. T. Forsyth
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Though these figures do not show absolute accuracy in data collection, they suggest that the quality of the data is much better than the reputed norm for data collected routinely in the NHS.We believe that a system of data collection based close to the clinical team and well integrated with the process of care (both attributes of the system in North West Thames) offers a better opportunity for accuracy than a centralised system covering a whole hospital.Although it is inappropriate to consider database analysis as some sort of replace- ment for prospective research, we believe that our results show that routine data collection can be made sufficiently reliable for such studies to be of value to clinicians.
Risk markers of ventricular arrhythmias and fourier phase analysis of radionuclide angioscintigraphy to evaluate ventricular asynchrony and prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Laurent Fauchier, Olivier Marie, Danielle Casset Senon, Julien Douglas, Dominique Babuty, David Nguyen, Pierre Cosnay, Jean Paul Fauchier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract PD10-09: CYP2D6 and adjuvant tamoxifen: Impact on outcome in pre- but not postmenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: S Margolin, J Lindh, L Thorén, H Xie, L Koukel, M-L Dahl, E Eliasson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer might be impaired in patients with cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes that predispose to decreased formation of potent anti-estrogenic tamoxifen metabolites. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent findings in this regard. In light of two recent studies failing to show an impact of CYP2D6 genotype on outcome in postmenopausal patients, we hypothesized that deficient CYP2D6 might be of greater importance in premenopausal patients with high levels of circulating estrogen. We therefore aimed to study the effect of CYP2D6 activity in both pre- and postmenopausal patients who were adherent to tamoxifen treatment for at least one year. Methods: 382 patients, from a population-based cohort of unselected breast cancer patients that were prescribed adjuvant tamoxifen for five years, constituted the base of the study. Information on menopausal status, tumor characteristics, treatment data including compliance and outcome was retrieved from medical records. Comprehensive CYP2D6 genotyping was performed and functionally translated into constitutive, metabolic activity. Results: In patients adherent to tamoxifen for at least one year (n = 313) there was an association of reduced CYP2D6 activity (≤50% of normal) to both recurrence (p = 0.02) and breast cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.03). In a multivariable analysis including CYP2D6 activity, age at diagnosis, tumor size, lymph node status, grade, adjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant use of CYP2D6 inhibitors, CYP2D6 remained an independent predictor of recurrence (HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18–0.85, p = 0.02) and breast cancer specific survival (HR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.90, p = 0.03). Gradually decreasing CYP2D6 activity paralleled increasing risk of recurrence and breast cancer related mortality. The effect of CYP2D6 derived mainly from premenopausal patients with an association to both recurrence (p = 0.01) and breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.04). There was no such association in the postmenopausal group. Conclusion: In a prospectively collected cohort of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients, an association between CYP2D6 genotype and outcome was evident in patients that were adherent to tamoxifen treatment for at least a year. Importantly, this effect derived from premenopausal patients only. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-09.
Severe accidental hypothermia
Authors: L. Gordon, J. A. Ellerton, P. Paal, G. J. Peek, J. Barker
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Few UK emergency departments have a hypothermia protocol. This must change 

> “Failure to prepare is preparing to fail” (Benjamin Franklin)

Rarely, does a British winter go by without a headline such as “Stranded climber dies from hypothermia.” Despite the media focus, only about five cases of severe hypothermia occur each year on British mountains. Hypothermia is more common in urban areas and was an important factor in the deaths of 166 people in the United Kingdom in 2012. In these cases, other factors often included alcohol intoxication, drug overdose, and mental illness.

Although cardiopulmonary bypass, and more recently extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), have been used in many countries since the late 1960s to rewarm people with hypothermic cardiac arrest,1 2 these techniques have rarely been used for this purpose in the UK.3 In the 1990s, several papers were published on the successful use of cardiopulmonary bypass to rewarm patients with hypothermic cardiac arrest. In 2005, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines recognised this technique as the preferred method of active rewarming in hypothermic cardiac arrest. The remarkable survival of a patient from a core temperature of 13.7°C showed what is possible.4

The phrase “not dead until warm and dead” is well known and often quoted …
Molecular evidence for EBV and CMV persistence in a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia expressing stereotyped IGHV4-34 B-cell receptors
Authors: E Kostareli, A Hadzidimitriou, N Stavroyianni, N Darzentas, A Athanasiadou, M Gounari, V Bikos, A Agathagelidis, T Touloumenidou, I Zorbas, A Kouvatsi, N Laoutaris, A Fassas, A Anagnostopoulos, C Belessi, K Stamatopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT OF LACERATIONS OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Robert Turell
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Lacerations of the mucosa and submucosal structures of the rectum following the insertion of enema tips, thermometers, and, occasionally, of suppositories occur more commonly than is universally recognized. Superficial lacerations of the anterior surface of the rectal mucosa are frequently observed in patients who are instructed to take cleansing enemas preliminary to endoscopy. These lacerations occur even when the preparatory enemas are given by trained personnel, including nurses. As a rule, these injuries heal spontaneously without incident unless preexisting rectal inflammatory disease or infection in the anal crypts or ducts exists. Occasionally, considerable bleeding occurs that requires urgent attention. In the past, because of failure of conservative forms of therapy, I have had to perform a hemorrhoidectomy because of persistent bleeding from a laceration into a hemorrhoidal varix that was produced by an enema tip in a patient who took enemas often. In another similar situation, packing with thrombinsoaked absorbable
Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Detailed accounts of therapeutics at the time of the European Renaissance written by the participants have not survived in large numbers. One manuscript, dated 1562, was written by friars in a religious order in Italy dedicated to the care of the sick. Their remedies, methods of preparation, and uses were detailed by the friars and offer a glimpse into the beginnings of experimentation with drugs and rejection of tradition and authority in determining the effectiveness of a remedy. These developing concepts were combined in the manuscript with traditional treatments dating back through the Middle Ages to the medical methods of Greece and Rome.
TCT-220 Gender Differences Not Important in Primary PCI Outcomes Within A Regional STEMI Care System: Observation From The Los Angeles County STEMI Receiving Centers
Authors: Takeshi Onizuka, Brittany Wagman, Han Tun, Ray V. Matthews, William Koenig, Joseph Thomas, William J. French, David Shavelle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Rapid Production of Pancreatic Carcinoma by Initiation With N-Nitroso-bis(2-oxopropyl)amine and Repeated Augmentation Pressure in Hamsters
Authors: K. Mizumoto, M. Tsutsumi, A. Denda, Y. Konishi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Rapid Production of Pancreatic Carcinoma by Initiation With N-Nitroso-bis(2-oxopropyl)amine and Repeated Augmentation Pressure in Hamsters Get access Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Kazuhiro Mizumoto Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University, Faculty of MedicineFukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masahiro Tsutsumi, Masahiro Tsutsumi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ayumi Denda, Ayumi Denda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoichi Konishi Yoichi Konishi * Correspondence to: Dr. Y. Konishi, Department of Oncological Pathology, Cancer Center, Nara Medical College, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 19, 7 December 1988, Pages 1564–1567, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.19.1564 Published: 07 December 1988 Article history Received: 01 July 1988 Revision received: 06 September 1988 Accepted: 16 September 1988 Published: 07 December 1988
Preoperative Chemo-Radiation-Induced Ulceration in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A Confounding Factor in Tumor Response Assessment in Integrated Computed Tomographic-Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging
Authors: Jeremy J. Erasmus, Reginald F. Munden, Mylene T. Truong, Jeremy J. Ho, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Homer A. Macapinlac, Arlene M. Correa, Tsung-Teh Wu, John F. Bruzzi, Edith M. Marom, Bradley S. Sabloff, Jaffer A. Ajani, Ritsuko Komaki, Zhongxing Liao, Jeffrey H. Lee, Norio Fukami, Robert Bresalier, Stephen G. Swisher
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
High Prevalence of Diabetes in Bahrainis: Associations with ethnicity and raised plasma cholesterol
Authors: Faisal Al-Mahroos, Paul M McKeigue
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors in the population of Bahrain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 2,128 Bahrainis aged 40–69 years was conducted. RESULTS Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 25% in Jaafari Arabs, 48% in Sunni Arabs, and 23% in Iranians. In multivariate analyses, positive family history of diabetes, low educational status, waist girth, plasma cholesterol, and, in women, postmenopausal status were independently associated with diabetes. Adjusting for these factors did not account for the difference in prevalence between Jaafari and Sunni Arabs. There was no association between diabetes and parental consanguinity. Mean plasma cholesterol was 0.5 mmol/l higher in diabetic than in normoglycemic participants, 0.5 mmol/l higher in Sunni than in Jaafari Arabs, and, excluding diabetic individuals, 0.2 mmol/l higher in those with a positive family history of diabetes than in those with a negative family history. Although 28% of participants had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, only 42% of these obese individuals rated themselves as overweight. In men, obesity was inversely related to physical activity at work. In women, obesity was associated with high parity and inversely associated with employment outside the home. CONCLUSIONS The high rates of diabetes in Bahrain and other Arabian Peninsula populations appear to be part of a familial syndrome that includes raised plasma cholesterol levels. Risk is related to ethnic origin but not to parental consanguinity. Despite the high rates of diabetes, obesity is still perceived as a desirable attribute in this population.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells express TRAIL and induce CD4+ T-cell apoptosis in HIV-1 viremic patients
Authors: Georg Stary, Irene Klein, Sabine Kohlhofer, Frieder Koszik, Thomas Scherzer, Leonhard Müllauer, Heribert Quendler, Norbert Kohrgruber, Georg Stingl
Journal: Blood (2009)
Vancomycin may not be necessary
Authors: K. L. Henderson, B. Muller-Pebody, S. Ladhani, M. Sharland, A. P. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the empirical treatment of bacterial meningitis in children recommend intravenous ceftriaxone for children aged ≥3 months and cefotaxime plus ampicillin or amoxicillin for infants aged ≥3 months.1 2 The British National Formulary for Children ( BNF-C ) recommends similar empirical treatment with cefotaxime or cefotaxime and ampicillin, respectively.3 Whereas the BNF-C …
Sarcoidosis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a significant association.
Authors: R G Taylor, C Fisher, B I Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Three patients were seen who had sarcoidosis associated with glomerulonephritis. Subsequent review of published reports of cases in which the two conditions occurred simultaneously showed a pattern of histological type of glomerulonephritis different from that seen in patients without associated disease. In sarcoidosis with glomerulonephritis there appeared to be a dearth of minimal-change disease and an excess of membranous glomerulonephritis compared with the prevalence that would be expected if the renal disease was merely a chance occurrence. These findings may provide evidence for an important relation between sarcoidosis and glomerulonephritis.
The Role of Surveillance Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Preventing Episodic Cholangitis in Patients with Recurrent Common Bile Duct Stones
Authors: D. J. Geenen, J. E. Geenen, F. M. Jafri, W. J. Hogan, M. F. Catalano, G. K. Johnson, M. J. Schmalz
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

See also: Recurrent Common Bile Duct Stones After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangioscopic Stone Removal: Is There a Role for Associated Periampullary Diverticulum?Endoscopy 1998; 30(09): 871-871DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1001427
Radioisotope Brain Scanning in Cerebral Sarcoidosis
Authors: Edward L. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Cerebral sarcoidosis which simulated a brain tumor was discovered when an area of increased radioactivity was noted on the brain scan of a patient who received sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m. The patient's clinical improvement after corticosteroid therapy was closely related to the resolution of the pathologic areas of increased radioactivity noted on the brain scan.
A relationship between ultrasonic integrated backscatter and myocardial contractile function.
Authors: S A Wickline, L J Thomas, J G Miller, B E Sobel, J E Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We have shown previously that the physiologic, mechanical cardiac cycle is associated with a parallel, cardiac cycle-dependent variation of integrated backscatter (IB). However, the mechanisms responsible are not known. The mathematical and physiological considerations explored in the present study suggest that the relationship between backscatter and myocardial contractile function reflects cyclic alterations in myofibrillar elastic parameters, with the juxtaposition of intracellular and extracellular elastic elements that have different intrinsic acoustic impedances providing an appropriately sized scattering interface at the cellular level. Cardiac cycle-dependent changes in the degree of local acoustic impedance mismatch therefore may elicit concomitant changes in backscatter. Because acoustic impedance is determined partly by elastic modulus, changes in local elastic moduli resulting from the non-Hookian behavior of myocardial elastic elements exposed to stretch may alter the extent of impedance mismatch. When cardiac cell mechanical behavior is represented by a three-component Maxwell-type model of muscle mechanics, the systolic decrease in IB that we have observed experimentally is predicted. Our prior observations of regional intramural differences in IB and the dependence of IB on global contractile function are accounted for as well. When the model is tested experimentally by assessing its ability to predict the regional and global behavior of backscatter in response to passive left ventricular distention, good concordance is observed.