tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
23-Methyl-3α, 7β-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid: Dose-response study of biliary secretion in rat
Authors: Aldo Roda, Rita Aldini, Brunella Grigolo, Patrizia Simoni, Enrico Roda, Roberto Pellicciari, Pier Luigi Lenzi, Benedetto Natalini
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A side chain derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid, 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid, was synthesized and the effect of i.v. infusion of the acid at different doses (0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mumoles per min per kg body weight over 1 hr) on bile flow, on its hepatic biotransformations and on biliary lipid secretion has been studied in bile fistula rats. The results were compared with those of ursodeoxycholic and cholic acid administered under similar conditions. 23-Methylursodeoxycholic acid is poorly secreted into bile and poorly taurine and glycine conjugated, at all infusion doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid is quantitatively recovered at low doses and recovered less at high infusion rates. Cholic acid is almost entirely recovered at all infusion doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid conjugation pattern is dependent on the dose, and glucuronidation and sulfation operate at high doses. Cholic acid is taurine conjugated at low doses; at high doses, large amounts of unconjugated bile acids are observed. Methylursodeoxycholic acid presents a delayed secretion and hypercholeresis. Ursodeoxycholic acid presents similar results at high infusion rates, possibly by reaching a high intrahepatic concentration of free form. The octanol/water partition coefficients of ursodeoxycholic acid and 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid are similar and higher than that of cholic acid. A chole-hepatic shunting of 23-methylursodeoxycholic acid may explain both the low recovery in bile and hypercholeresis and is consistent with its hydrophilicity of cholic acid, on the contrary, makes possible its high recovery in bile. The effect on biliary lipid secretion is unpredictable and affected by the dose and, in consequence, by the conjugation pattern of the bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of esmolol on patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Charles E. Bemis, A.-Hamid Hakki, Ioannis Panidis, Jaekyeong Heo, J. Gerald Toole, Tsushung A. Hua, Douglas Allin, Sally Kane-Marsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Optimization of regional intraarterial naked DNA-mediated transgene delivery to skeletal muscles in a large animal model
Authors: Gawiyou Danialou, Alain S. Comtois, Stefan Matecki, Josephine Nalbantoglu, George Karpati, Renald Gilbert, Pascale Geoffroy, Sandra Gilligan, Jean-Francois Tanguay, Basil J. Petrof
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Undermining the endothelium by ablation of MAPK-MEF2 signaling
Authors: Eric N. Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Numerous stimuli activate Big MAPK-1 (BMK1), an MAPK that activates the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factor. Conditional gene deletion showed BMK1 to be required for survival of endothelial cells. An active form of MEF2C could partially bypass the requirement for BMK1 for endothelial cell survival in vitro. These findings reveal an essential role for BMK1-MEF2 signaling in an endothelial cell survival pathway and raise interesting questions about the molecular basis of this response.
ON THE NATURE OF THE TOXIC COMPONENT OF THE SOMATIC ANTIGEN OF SHIGELLA PARADYSENTERIAE TYPE Z (FLEXNER)
Authors: Chloe Tal, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

From the chemical evidence presented it appears that the toxicity associated with the somatic antigen of Type Z Sh. paradysenteriae may be attributed to an entity distinct from the known components of the complex. That this substance is neither the protein, the lipid, nor the carbohydrate component of the antigen is evident. Because of its lability to chemical manipulation, the nature of the toxic component, has not yet been ascertained.
More on preventing skin cancer: No evolutionary connection exists between skin colour and cancer
Authors: M. Procopio
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Burry reiterates a very important public health message in recommending people cover up and stay out of the sun to avoid skin cancer.1 I challenge, however, his claims of an evolutionary connection between melanoma and skin colour.

It is true that dark skinned people are less likely to develop melanoma than fair skinned subjects, but melanoma does not affect reproductive fitness because it kills usually in the latter part of life, after those affected have procreated and passed on their genes. It is not, therefore, a notable factor in human selection and cannot be the cause of the development of the differences in skin colour in Homo sapiens.

Homo sapiens evolved dark skinned in Africa,2 then started to spread, reaching Europe and Australia 40 000-50 000 years ago.3 In Australia no selective pressure on skin colour existed and therefore the Australian aboriginal population remained dark.

In Europe, however, selective pressure started to favour individuals with genes for lighter skin. The factor favouring this population change was vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D can be synthesised only in the presence of ultraviolet light, and dark skin transmits only one tenth of the ultraviolet light that passes through white skin.

Individuals migrating from Africa to Europe started to develop vitamin D deficiency, which affected their reproductive fitness greatly. Individuals who carried genes for reduced skin pigment were favoured, being able to synthesise more vitamin D, leading eventually to a population with a lighter skin colour.4
Treating the brain by cingulotomy
Authors: E. R. Gonzalzez
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
971. Novel Ribozyme-Based Strategy for Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Suparna Mukhopadhyay, Wolfgang Zacharias, William G. McGregor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of carcinogen-induced mutagenesis indicate that most mutations are dependent on the activity of newly-described translesion DNA polymerases, which have reduced base-pairing requirements and are able to replicate past DNA damage with potentially mutagenic consequences. In human cells in culture, reducing the level of one such polymerase, REV1, with a gene-specific ribozyme greatly reduces carcinogen-induced mutagenesis. To examine the hypothesis that reducing the mutagenic load will reduce the incidence of cancer, we are developing strategies to reduce REV1 in vivo in mouse models of carcinogenesis. We constructed vectors that express a ribozyme targeting mouse REV1 in a region homologous to the human mRNA used in our published studies. In order to improve the efficiency of gene-specific knockdown, DNA coding for the ribozyme was cloned into expression cassettes designed to target the transcripts either to the nuclear or to the cytoplasmic compartment. Using quantitative real-time PCR for REV1 mRNA with GAPDH as an internal control, we consistently found that the greatest suppression occurred when both compartments were targeted. When both compartments were targeted, REV1 expression was consistently suppressed by 80-90%. UV-induced mutant frequency at the HPRT locus in these cells was also reduced up to 80%, but UV-induced cytotoxicity was not affected. We plan to deliver these plasmids to the skin of excision repair deficient hairless xpa knockout mice, which develop squamous cell skin cancer with 100% penetrance after low doses of UV. Delivery of these expression cassettes to carcinogen-exposed tissue presents a novel chemopreventive strategy to reduce the frequency of mutations and the incidence of cancer.
Benign Form of Acute Osteitis of the Spine in Young Children
Authors: A. E. Bremner, G. A. Neligan
Journal: BMJ (1953)

During the year ending April, 1951, we had under our care seven young children suffering from what we believe to have been a low-grade pyogenic osteitis of the lumbar spine.The strikingly uniform clinical picture observed in these children does not seem to have been satisfac- torily described, and we think it worth while to record vur experience of it.
Serum levels of doxycycline in normal subjects after a single oral dose.
Authors: B K Adadevoh, I A Ogunnaike, J O Bolodeoku
Journal: BMJ (1976)

he was taking a minimum of 256 units daily.Thereafter the dosage dropped progressively, but seven weeks later he still needed up to 188 units daily.He was then transferred to Actrapid MC.In three days his insulin requirement fell by 36 % to 102 units daily.He was stabilised on twice daily Actrapid MC in a total dose of 112-124 units daily and remained well controlled, with a mean mid-morning blood sugar level of 6-1 mmol/l (110 mg/ 100 ml).His
Early-Life Glucocorticoid Exposure: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Placental Function, and Long-term Disease Risk
Authors: Thorsten Braun, John R. Challis, John. P. Newnham, Deborah M. Sloboda
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2013)

An adverse early-life environment is associated with long-term disease consequences. Adversity early in life is hypothesized to elicit developmental adaptations that serve to improve fetal and postnatal survival and prepare the organism for a particular range of postnatal environments. These processes, although adaptive in their nature, may later prove to be maladaptive or disadvantageous if the prenatal and postnatal environments are widely discrepant. The exposure of the fetus to elevated levels of either endogenous or synthetic glucocorticoids is one model of early-life adversity that contributes substantially to the propensity of developing disease. Moreover, early-life glucocorticoid exposure has direct clinical relevance because synthetic glucocorticoids are routinely used in the management of women at risk of early preterm birth. In this regard, reports of adverse events in human newborns have raised concerns about the safety of glucocorticoid treatment; synthetic glucocorticoids have detrimental effects on fetal growth and development, childhood cognition, and long-term behavioral outcomes. Experimental evidence supports a link between prenatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids and alterations in fetal development and changes in placental function, and many of these alterations appear to be permanent. Because the placenta is the conduit between the maternal and fetal environments, it is likely that placental function plays a key role in mediating effects of fetal glucocorticoid exposure on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis development and long-term disease risk. Here we review recent insights into how the placenta responds to changes in the intrauterine glucocorticoid environment and discuss possible mechanisms by which the placenta mediates fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development, metabolism, cardiovascular function, and reproduction.
Herpes Simplex Skin Lesions Simulating Smallpox
Authors: Robert C. Rendtorff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE WIDE VARIATION of clinical responses to herpes simplex virus infection is well known. In the present case the skin lesions are unusual and resemble mild smallpox or varioloid. For this reason strict isolation and notification of public health authorities were warranted. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old white woman was admitted to a private hospital in Memphis on July 14, 1963, with a chief complaint of pain and itching in the vulvar region. She had been under therapy for chronic granulocytic leukemia, the diagnosis of which had been made four years previously at the birth of her only child. Approximately four weeks prior to admission, the patient went to Chicago where she visited a friend and worked in a plastics factory. The present illness began approximately a week before admission to the hospital when a febrile illness with pain, itching, and excoriation of the skin in the vulvar region
Inhibitory Effects of Mometasone Furoate and Azithromycin On Phorbol Ester-Induced Mucin Production From Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Orapan Poachanukoon, Napaporn Pattanacharoenchai, Sittichai Koontongkaew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Management of Acute Cardiac Tamponade by Subxiphoid Pericardiotomy
Authors: Karl E. Alcan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Eighteen patients with cardiac tamponade were treated by subxiphoid pericardiotomy performed with the patients under local anesthesia. This group included 9 cases of uremic pericarditis (50%), 5 cases of metastatic cancer (28%), 2 cases of trauma (11%), 1 case of tuberculosis (5.5%), and 1 case of unknown cause. Immediate relief from acute cardiac tamponade was obtained in all 18 cases with only minor and self-limiting postoperative complications, including transient supraventricular arrhythmias (five cases) and fever (five cases). There were no deaths related to either the operative procedure or reaccumulation of the pericardial effusion. The drainage period averaged 9.6 days (range, three to 28 days). Pericardial biopsy was performed in 15 of 18 cases. We conclude that subxiphoid pericardiotomy is a safe and effective method for the management of pericardial effusion of diverse causes. The ability to perform this technique safely using local anesthesia and the capacity to obtain a biopsy specimen under direct visualization make this technique superior to both needle pericardiocentesis and pericardiectomy in the acutely ill patient. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1143-1148)
Kallikrein 4 is a Predominantly Nuclear Protein and Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhijun Xi, Tove Irene Klokk, Kemal Korkmaz, Piotr Kurys, Cem Elbi, Bjørn Risberg, Håvard Danielsen, Massimo Loda, Fahri Saatcioglu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Kallikreins (KLKs) are highly conserved serine proteases that play key roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. KLKs are secreted proteins that have extracellular substrates and function. For example, prostate-specific antigen (or KLK3) is a secreted protein that is widely used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. KLK4 is a recently identified member of the kallikrein family that is regulated by androgens and is highly specific to prostate for expression. Here, we show that the gene product of KLK4, hK4, is the first member of the KLK family that is intracellularly localized. We provide strong evidence that the previously assigned first exon that was predicted to code for a signal peptide that would target hK4 for secretion is not part of the physiologically relevant form of KLK4 mRNA. In addition to detailed mapping of the KLK4 mRNA 5′ end by RT-PCR, this conclusion is supported by predominantly nuclear localization of the hK4 protein in the cell, documented by both immunofluorescence and cell fractionation experiments. Furthermore, in addition to androgens, hK4 expression is regulated by estrogen and progesterone in prostate cancer cells. Finally, in situ hybridization on normal and hyperplastic prostate samples in tissue microarrays indicate that KLK4 is predominantly expressed in the basal cells of the normal prostate gland and overexpressed in prostate cancer. These data suggest that KLK4 has a unique structure and function compared with other members of the KLK family and may have a role in the biology and characterization of prostate cancer.
Cholestatic Jaundice and Aminoglutethimide
Authors: STEVEN B. GERBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Cholestatic Jaundice and AminoglutethimideSTEVEN B. GERBER, M.D., KENNETH B. MILLER, M.D.STEVEN B. GERBER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH B. MILLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the recent clinical review on aminoglutethimide by Santen and associates (1). We write to report a recent case of hypersensitivity to this agent that included cholestatic jaundice.An 84-year-old woman with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast diagnosed in April 1980 was treated initially with mastectomy and local irradiation. Metastatic disease to the pleura and bones was found in October 1981; at this time her liver scan and liver function tests were normal. She was begun on aminoglutethimide treatment, 250 mg four times daily, along with hydrocortisone, 40 mg daily.Two months later, the...References1. SANTENWORGULLIPTON RTA. Aminoglutethimide as treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:94-101. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ZIMMERMAN H. Hepatotoxicity. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1978:349-69. Google Scholar3. CHAKRABORTYHOPKINSPARKE JRD. Inhibition studies on the aromatization of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by human placental microsomal preparations [Abstract]. Biochem J. 1972;130:19. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ADLERCREUTZTENHUNEN HR. Some aspects of the interaction between and synthetic female sex hormones and the liver. Am J Med. 1970;49:630-48. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New England Medical Center Boston, MA 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited By9 Drug-induced cholestasisDrug-Induced CholestasisTreatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureAminoglutethimide in Advanced Breast CancerAMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AND SERUM CHOLESTEROLSevere mucocutaneous reaction to aminoglutethamideBook reviewNon-Invasive Bone Measurements: Methodological Problems. Ed. by DequekerJ. and JohnstonC. C.Jr., pp. x+255, 1982 (IRL Press Ltd., Oxford), £15.00/$30.00. ISBN 0–904147–479Aminoglutethimide and CholestasisDANIELE J. PERRAULT, M.D., EDWARD DOMOVITCH, M.D. 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsAdenocarcinomaBoneHypersensitivityLiverLiver diseasesLiver function tests Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
934-26 Comparison of Intravascular Ultrasound and Coronary Angiography in the Assessment of Target Lesion Plaque Distribution in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pic hard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Ya Chien Chuang, Gaston R. Dussaillant, Robert A. DeFalco, Anita Erwin, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Unbreakable Light-Weight Projection Slides Made of Unused X-Ray Film
Authors: Jack Kevorkian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is often a distinct advantage to have statistical or other textual material typed or printed on small transparencies to be used as projection slides for large medical meetings and even for small conferences in most hospitals. A major obstacle to preparation of such slides in the latter instance is the cost involved, especially when the slides are to be used only once or very infrequently. Most slides are composed of a cellophane transparency, on each side of which lines are inscribed by means of carbon paper, usually red. These transparencies then are enclosed between two 3- × 4-in. glass squares, and the edges are sealed with opaque cellophane tape, usually red or black. For 2 years I have been making slides with 3- × 4-in. squares of old unused film substituted for the glass squares. This began out of necessity when the glass was unavailable, and
Specialization in Medicine
Authors: Allan S. Detsky, Stephen R. Gauthier, Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized Study of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Biopsy: Thin Bronchoscopic Method versus Guide Sheath Method
Authors: Masahide Oki, Hideo Saka, Chiyoe Kitagawa, Yoshihito Kogure, Naohiko Murata, Takashi Adachi, Masahiko Ando
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Cocaine-Induced Palatal Perforation
Authors: Michael A Lypka, Mark M Urata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A healthy 25-year-old man presented to the surgical clinic with a hole in the roof of his mouth that allowed nasal regurgitation of food when he ate. The hole had been present for a year, and he requested surgical correction. The patient reported a 5-year history of nasal cocaine use from which he had recently abstained. Physical examination revealed a large perforation of the nasal septum and midline palate. Local complications of intranasal cocaine abuse include chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, epistaxis, ossification or necrosis of the nasal septum, and in rare cases, palatal perforation. Use of cocaine, a potent vasoconstrictor, can . . .
Effects of topically potent glucocorticoids on human diploid fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: DAVID KIRK, URSULA MITTWOCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Effects of topically potent glucocorticoids on human diploid fibroblasts in vitro Get access DAVID KIRK, DAVID KIRK The Galtoa Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Biometry, University College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar URSULA MITTWOCH URSULA MITTWOCH The Galtoa Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Biometry, University College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 1, 1 July 1977, Pages 69–75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15430.x Published: 01 July 1977