tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Incidental Observations on the Possibility of a Virus as Part Causal Factor in Rheumatism
Authors: C. B. Dyson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

THE following observations, though inconclusive, are recorded because they seem to have some relevance to the question of a virus as part causal factor in rheumatism.I. A case of multiple arthritis of some duration, with de- formities and X-ray rarefaction (sedimentation rate unknown), developed a very acute exacerbation in one knee-joint.Fluid from this joint was sent to the author for examination.Films showed a number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and some lymphocytes, but no organisms.Culture on a large selection of media, aerobically and anaerobically, showed no infection even after prolonged incubation.A portion of the fluid was injected intraperitoneally into a guinea-pig.This pig remained apparently well for three months, when it died quite suddenly.Postmortem showed an extremely distended pericardium.No other lesion was observed.The fluid from the pericardium was dealt with in three ways: (a) It was injected direct into the peritoneum of another pig; (b) it was planted into broth containing chopped- up portions of the dead pig's spleen; (c) it was planted on to a blood-plate, and the colony growing on the plate was subcultured into broth.0-2 c.c. of tenfold serial dilutions of (b), the first spleen-broth culture, and 02 c.c. of similar dilutions of (c), the broth sub- culture from the blood-plate, were injected into pigs.The following results were observed:1. Pig injected with (a), the direct pericardial fluid, remained apparently well for two months, and then died suddenly as from acute heart failure, with P.M. appearance similar to the original pig.2. Pigs inoculated with the spleen-broth culture died as follows: with the strong dilutions, they died of septicsemia within three days with no gross sign of pericarditis; with the weak dilutions they remained perfectly well for two to three months, and then died suddenly in the manner of the first pig with similar P.M. appearances.15
Nitric oxide is released in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Sonsoles Hortelano, Beatrice Dewez, Ana M. Genaro, María J. M. Díaz-Guerra, Lisardo Boscá
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The induction of hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) were studied in liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). NOS activity in the liver remnant was observed 4 to 6 hours after PH, and no differences were evidenced between the proximal and distal surgical areas. The form of NOS expressed in liver was independent of calcium and calmodulin, and the messenger RNA levels were first detected 2 hours after hepatectomy using a probe corresponding to the cytokine-induced macrophase NOS. The seric concentration of nitrites remained unchanged after hepatectomy, whereas the content in nitrates and in S-nitrosylated proteins progressively increased in parallel with the NOS activity. The spectra of hemoglobin in the 400- to 460-nm region failed to exhibit the characteristic shift caused by the formation of the nitrosyl-hemoglobin complex, suggesting that NO was rapidly metabolized in liver. Treatment of the animals with substrate analogue NOS inhibitors blocked the pattern of DNA ploidy elicited after hepatectomy, suggesting a role for NO in the regenerative process. Peritoneal resident macrophages were used as an alternative reporter cell system for the assessment of NOS expression. Incubation ex vivo of peritoneal macrophages from animals that underwent hepatectomy induced the expression of NOS in a cyto-kine-modulated fashion, suggesting that macrophages were primed as a result of the hepatectomy. When peritoneal macrophages from control rats were incubated with the sera of animals that underwent hepatectomy, a time-dependent induction of NOS was observed, with a maximal induction corresponding to sera collected 2 hours after PH. These results indicate that NO might be involved in the control of early responses after PH.
Points: Anorexia nervosa and the elderly
Authors: R H Ratnasuriya
Journal: BMJ (1988)

There is no doubt that John Dalton ranks among the great names in science, a position which rests on his enunciation of the Atomic Theory. However, his very first scientific paper in 1798 was concerned with his own affliction of colour blindness and was in fact the first clear description of the disorder. This publication stimulated much subsequent research into the pathophysiology and genetics of the condition. His recorded observations on colour blindness are detailed and precise and betoken the approach which was to characterise all his later research in chemistry.
Comparison of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Medical Therapy in Patients With Exercised-Induced Silent Myocardial Ischemia: A Report From the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry
Authors: Donald A. Weiner, Thomas J. Ryan, Carolyn H. McCabe, Bernard R. Chaitman, L. Thomas Sheffield, Grace Ng, Lloyd D. Fisher, Felix E. Tristini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Pediatric Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Authors: Roger B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The authors have succeeded in writing a clear and concise text on all aspects of pediatric cardiac dysrhythmias, including electrophysiological studies. In the past ten years, pediatric cardiologists have demonstrated increased interest and understanding of the intricacies of complex dysrhythmias that have long been considered the province (and stepchild) of adult electrocardiographers. In keeping with the increased sophistication in the field of pediatrics, it is of interest to note that this text is written by pediatric cardiologists primarily for pediatric cardiologists. The editors have brought a unified and consistent approach to the subject. Almost all of the contributors were trained in the same institution, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, which has largely drawn on its own extensive experience in formulating diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to various dysrhythmias. This provincial approach can have its disadvantages, but in general the book analyzes divergent approaches to diagnosis and therapy and has avoided the repetitive
Wilmshurst faces new libel claim over comments on freedom of speech
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US manufacturer of medical devices that is suing the British cardiologist Peter Wilmshurst for libel in the High Court in London over comments he made about a clinical trial has launched a fresh libel claim against him.

NMT Medical, which is based in Boston, Massachusetts, claims that Dr Wilmshurst libelled the company on 27 November 2009 when he was interviewed for the BBC Radio 4 Today news programme about the chilling effect of the libel laws in England and Wales on scientific and medical debate.

The company issued …
The Field Hand
Authors: Mark Mosley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Primary Tuberculosis Diagnosed by Gallium Scan
Authors: SUSAN V. KATTAPURAM, VICTOR W. LEE, JEROME H. SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

We report a case of tuberculosis which, although clinically unsuspected, was diagnosed on a 67Ga scan. It is well known that 67Ga scintigraphy may be used as an adjunct to radiography for assessing extent and localization of inflammatory activity and for follow-up and progression evaluation of diffuse granulomatous diseases such as sarcoid and tuberculosis.
Genetic Aberrations Leading to MAPK Pathway Activation Mediate Oncogene-Induced Senescence in Sporadic Pilocytic Astrocytomas
Authors: Karine Jacob, Dongh-Anh Quang-Khuong, David T.W. Jones, Hendrik Witt, Sally Lambert, Steffen Albrecht, Olaf Witt, Catherine Vezina, Margret Shirinian, Damien Faury, Miklos Garami, Peter Hauser, Almos Klekner, Laszlo Bognar, Jean-Pierre Farmer, Jose-Luis Montes, Jeffrey Atkinson, Cynthia Hawkins, Andrey Korshunov, V. Peter Collins, Stefan M. Pfister, Uri Tabori, Nada Jabado
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Oncogenic BRAF/Ras or NF1 loss can potentially trigger oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Somatic genetic abnormalities affecting this pathway occur in the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), the most prevalent brain neoplasm in children. We investigated whether OIS is induced in PA.We tested expression of established senescence markers in three independent cohorts of sporadic PA. We also assessed for OIS in vitro, using forced expression of wild-type and V600E-mutant BRAF in two astrocytic cell lines: human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized astrocytes and fetal astrocytes.Our results indicate that PAs are senescent as evidenced by marked senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase activity, low KI-67 index, and induction of p16(INK4a) but not p53 in the majority of 52 PA samples (46 of 52; 88.5%). Overexpression of a number of senescence-associated genes [CDKN2A (p16), CDKN1A (p21), CEBPB, GADD45A, and IGFBP7] was shown at the mRNA level in two independent PA tumor series. In vitro, sustained activation of wild-type or mutant BRAF induced OIS in both astrocytic cell lines. Loss of p16(INK4a) in immortalized astrocytes abrogated OIS, indicative of the role of this pathway in mediating this phenomenon in astrocytes. OIS is a mechanism of tumor suppression that restricts the progression of benign tumors. We show that it is triggered in PAs through p16(INK4a) pathway induction following aberrant MAPK activation.OIS may account for the slow growth pattern in PA, the lack of progression to higher-grade astrocytomas, and the high overall survival of affected patients.
Abstract 5086: Frequent genetic alteration in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by large scale exome sequencing
Authors: Xue da Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with TCC being the predominant form (90%). We completed a preliminary research that investigated into exomes of 9 TCCs and target genes of additional TCCs, and discovered frequent aberrations of the chromatin remodeling genes. Six genes, including UTX, MLL/MLL3, CREBBP/EP300, NCOR1, ARID1A and CHD6, were identified in 59% of the 97 TCC patients. Here, in order to obtain a more comprehensive genetic overview of TCC, we sequenced both exomes and whole genomes for another 92 TCC samples. For exome sequencing, we had an average coverage of 75.3x for targeted regions encompassing 38M of Refseq census coding sequence, and &amp;gt;92% of the target bases were covered sufficiently for variant calling (≥10×). As for whole genome resequencing, we achieved the average coverage at 3.8x. We analyzed the exome and genome sequencing data of 92 TCC samples together with the 9 TCCs from the preliminary study to identify the somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), and detected 11,143 non-sysnonymous point mutations, 1,041 small Indels in coding regions (&amp;lt;100bp) and 12,034 CNVs. A total of 12,216 genes were found to be affected by these somatic genetic changes. Furthermore, 125 genes that harbored the confirmed non-silent mutations in at least five other tumors types were observed to have a significantly higher (likelihood test, p&amp;lt;0.01) non-silent mutation rate than the background. We also analyzed the biological pathways by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and discovered that the MAPK signaling pathway and the pathway of actin cytoskeleton regulation were mutated in 76 and 75 TCC tumor samples, respectively. Our studies gathered a large number of genetic data on Bladder cancer by applying exome and whole genome sequencing, and provided an unprecedented panoramic view of the genetic basis of TCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5086. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5086
LYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES BY COMPLEMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTIBODY
Authors: Otto Götze, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

A new pathway of complement-mediated hemolysis has been described. It is independent of antibody and does not require binding of the first four complement components to the target-cell surface. The actual attack of the target cell begins with the attachment of C5, C6, and C7. The binding reaction is catalyzed by C4, 2, 3, an enzyme which may be formed in cell-free solution. C4, 2, 3 may effect binding of C5, 6, 7 by acting from the fluid phase or from the surface of another cell to which it is specifically bound (EAC 4, 2, 3). In either case, the resulting product is EC5, 6, 7 which is susceptible to lysis by C8 and C9. Erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) were particularly susceptible to lysis by the above described mechanism. PNH cells, but not normal human erythrocytes, could also be lysed through activation of complement by cobra factor. These observations allow the operational distinction of an activation and an attack mechanism of complement.
Problem of Chronic Rheumatism
Authors: Loring T. Swaim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1946)

The following data is from the National Health 'Survey of the United States Public Health Service of 1937Service of , revised in 1939: : "There is an ever-growing concern in the United States over the problems presented by chronic disease.This concern has, in part, resulted from the belief that the problems of chronic disease, or of certain chronic diseases, is increasing.Whether or not there is any increase in the prevalence rate at any given age, it is certain that the total volume of chronic disease is growing from year to year, since older persons, among whom chronic disease is more prevalent, are constituting a larger and larger proportion of the population.If the statement is accepted as valid-that the greatest need for action in the 'ield of public health is where the greatest saving of life and prevention of suffering can be made-then, without doubt, the chronic diseases merit the attention they are receiving." Chronic DiseaseThe " reports are based on a house-to-house canvass Qf some 800,000 families including 2,800,000 persons in 83 cities and 23 rural areas in 19 states ".2 " It is estimated that 23,000,000 persons, or more than one person in six in the United States have some chronic disease, orthopaedic impairment or serious defect of hearing or vision.By reason of these disorders almost a billion days annually are lost from work or other usual pursuits and a minimum of 1,500,000 persons are disabled for such long periods of time (twelve months or more) that they can be considered permanent in- valids." 3 "Chronic disease is far from a problem of old age alone.Half of the persons in the Survey for whom chronic disease or impairments were reported were under 45 years of age, and over 70% of these persons were under 55 years.Over half of the persons permanently 192
Clinical utility of serum TARC/CCL17 levels in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Nagao, T. Fujisawa, Y. Kato, Y. Noma, H. Katsumata, H. Nishimori, J. Atsuta, K. Iguchi, I. Ogawauchi, H. Tanaka, M. Higashiura, H. Kamiya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
What Happened? You Can Tell Me: I'm a Provider
Authors: Raymond V. Biondo
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Reading the term provider in bureaucratic and political literature is bad enough—but reading it in our own JAMA , such as in the article entitled Fatal Food-Induced Anaphylaxis by Yunginger et al, 1 really hurts, What happened to physician, nurse , or health professional ? No wonder our medical school applicant pool is dwindling in quality and quantity. Why work hard to be a provider?
Creation of long linear transmural radiofrequency lesions in atrium using a novel spiral ribbon — Saline irrigated electrode catheter
Authors: Hiroshi Nakagawa, William S. Yamanashi, Jan V. Pitha, Shinobu Imai, Karen J. Beckman, James H. McClelland, Mario D. Gonzalez, Lawrence E. Widman, Mauricio Arruda, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Mitochondria as a Drug Target in Ischemic Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Andrew M. Walters, George A. Porter, Paul S. Brookes
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Ischemic heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Although interventions, such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention, have proven efficacious in ischemia and reperfusion injury, the underlying pathological process of ischemic heart disease, laboratory studies suggest further protection is possible, and an expansive research effort is aimed at bringing new therapeutic options to the clinic. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemia and reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathy. However, despite promising mitochondria-targeted drugs emerging from the laboratory, very few have successfully completed clinical trials. As such, the mitochondrion is a potential untapped target for new ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy therapies. Notably, there are a number of overlapping therapies for both these diseases, and as such novel therapeutic options for one condition may find use in the other. This review summarizes efforts to date in targeting mitochondria for ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy therapy and outlines emerging drug targets in this field.
Abortion and the NHS.
Authors: A Noble
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients, associated with any evidence of drug-induced lupus.It is possible therefore that extension of Dr Marshall's investigation to larger numbers of patients, with appropriate age-matched controls, could result in conclusions different from those reported.However, their finding that all prazosin-related ANF patterns were of the speckled variety is very unusual.When ANF did occur in patients on prazosin in our study it was not restricted to this mor- phological pattern.This suggests that there may be some unusual factors influencing results in Dr Marshall's patients.
Trends in Reporting Methadone-Associated Cardiac Arrhythmia, 1997–2011
Authors: David Kao, Becki Bucher Bartelson, Vaishali Khatri, Richard Dart, Philip S. Mehler, David Katz, Mori J. Krantz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Long-acting opioids are a leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and methadone is associated with greater mortality rates. Whether this increase is related to the proarrhythmic properties of methadone is unclear.To describe methadone-associated arrhythmia events reported in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Description of national adverse event registry data before and after publication of a 2002 report describing an association between methadone and arrhythmia.FAERS, November 1997 and June 2011.Adults with QTc prolongation or torsade de pointes and ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest.FAERS reports before and after the 2002 report.1646 cases of ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest and 379 cases of QTc prolongation or torsade de pointes were associated with methadone. Monthly reports of QTc prolongation or torsade de pointes increased from a mean of 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.5) before the 2002 publication to a mean of 3.5 (CI, 2.5 to 4.8) after it. After 2000, methadone was the second-most common primary suspect in cases of QTc prolongation or torsade de pointes after dofetilide (a known proarrhythmic drug) and was associated with disproportionate reporting similar to that of antiarrhythmic agents known to promote torsade de pointes. Antiretroviral drugs for HIV were the most common coadministered drugs.Reports to FAERs are voluntary and selective, and incidence rates cannot be determined from spontaneously reported data.Since 2002, reports to FAERS of methadone-associated arrhythmia have increased substantially and are disproportionately represented relative to other events with the drug. Coadministration of methadone with antiretrovirals in patients with HIV may pose particular risk.Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Preclinical Pharmacologic Evaluation of Pralatrexate and Romidepsin Confirms Potent Synergy of the Combination in a Murine Model of Human T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Salvia Jain, Xavier Jirau-Serrano, Kelly M. Zullo, Luigi Scotto, Carmine F. Palermo, Stephen A. Sastra, Kenneth P. Olive, Serge Cremers, Tiffany Thomas, Ying Wei, Yuan Zhang, Govind Bhagat, Jennifer E. Amengual, Changchun Deng, Charles Karan, Ronald Realubit, Susan E. Bates, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are aggressive diseases, which carry a poor prognosis. The emergence of new drugs for TCL has created a need to survey these agents in a rapid and reproducible fashion, to prioritize combinations which should be prioritized for clinical study. Mouse models of TCL that can be used for screening novel agents and their combinations are lacking. Developments in noninvasive imaging modalities, such as surface bioluminescence (SBL) and three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), are challenging conventional approaches in xenograft modeling relying on caliper measurements. The recent approval of pralatrexate and romidepsin creates an obvious combination that could produce meaningful activity in TCL, which is yet to be studied in combination.High-throughput screening and multimodality imaging approach of SBL and 3D-US in a xenograft NOG mouse model of TCL were used to explore the in vitro and in vivo activity of pralatrexate and romidepsin in combination. Corresponding mass spectrometry-based pharmacokinetic and immunohistochemistry-based pharmacodynamic analyses of xenograft tumors were performed to better understand a mechanistic basis for the drug:drug interaction.In vitro, pralatrexate and romidepsin exhibited concentration-dependent synergism in combination against a panel of TCL cell lines. In a NOG murine model of TCL, the combination of pralatrexate and romidepsin exhibited enhanced efficacy compared with either drug alone across a spectrum of tumors using complementary imaging modalities, such as SBL and 3D-US.Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the combination of pralatrexate and romidepsin merits clinical study in patients with TCLs.
Letter by Giral et al Regarding Article, “Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations, Rosuvastatin Therapy, and Residual Vascular Risk: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)”
Authors: Philippe Giral, Dominique Simon, M. John Chapman
Journal: Circulation (2014)