tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon — An Uncertain Future
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The battle over physician-assisted suicide in Oregon never seems to end. On November 6, 2001, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft ruled that the Oregon law legalizing physician-assisted suicide violated the federal Controlled Substances Act, a 1970 law designed to prevent drug abuse and illegal-drug trafficking.1 Reversing the ruling of his predecessor, Janet Reno, Ashcroft authorized the Drug Enforcement Administration to take action against Oregon physicians who prescribe lethal doses of medication to terminally ill patients. On November 20, in response to a legal challenge based on the argument that the federal drug law cannot be used in this manner, U.S. . . .
Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants at Adolescence: Health Status and Quality of Life
Authors: Helen Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their study of the self-perceived quality of life of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) adolescents, Dr Saigal and colleagues<sup>1</sup>urge that "a great deal of caution be exercised" regarding possible clinical application of the high quality-of-life scores reported by the prematurely born teenagers. As the parent of a young adult with disabilities and as a medical writer familiar with the Canadian ELBW cohort, I would like to underscore this point. Caution is warranted because the 150 ELBW teenagers (compared with a control group of 124 term-born teenagers) have significantly underreported documented disabilities. At age 8 years, the ELBW and control children were evaluated by clinicians using a health status classification system.<sup>2,3</sup>By clinical evaluation, 21% of the ELBW children had impaired mobility.<sup>2,3</sup>However, only 10% of the ELBW teenagers, using the same health status classification system, reported mobility problems.<sup>1</sup>At age 8 years, 1
M144 Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Reduces The Oxygen Cost Of Submaximal Exercise In Copd
Authors: K. Curtis, R. Tanner, K. O'Brien, M. Polkey, L. Edwards, N. Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The recognised link between plasma nitrite levels and exercise performance suggests a role for the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in facilitating exercise. Research in healthy individuals has demonstrated a reduction in the oxygen cost of exercise at submaximal workloads following nitrate supplementation. Dietary nitrate administration has been associated with reductions in blood pressure and augmented exercise performance. The effect of acute nitrate dosing on performance and metabolic parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in COPD has not previously been investigated. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the hypotheses that acute nitrate dosing would improve exercise performance, reduce the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise performance and lower arterial blood pressure in COPD patients (GOLD stage II-IV). <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study comparing the effect of 140 ml of beetroot juice (containing 12.9 mmol nitrate) with a matched placebo of nitrate-depleted beetroot juice in COPD patients not receiving oral nitrates. Subjects were randomised to consume beetroot juice (BR) or placebo (PL) 3 h prior to endurance cycle ergometry, performed at 70% maximal workload assessed by a baseline incremental maximal, symptom-limited test. Blood pressure measurements were taken at baseline and immediately prior to the exercise test. After a washout period of a minimum of 7 days the protocol was repeated with the crossover beverage. <h3>Results</h3> 25 COPD patients were recruited of whom 21 successfully completed the study (age 68 ± 7 years; BMI 25.2 ± 5.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; FEV<sub>1</sub> percentage predicted 50.1 ± 21.6%; peak VO<sub>2</sub> during incremental cycle ergometry 18.0 ± 5.9 ml/min/kg). Diastolic blood pressure was significantly lowered by nitrate supplementation (-6.9 ± 7.8 BR vs. –1.4 ± 8.4 mmHg PL, p = 0.008). Nitrate supplementation significantly reduced oxygen consumption during equivalent isotime exercise (60–70% isotime 16.6 ± 5.6 BR vs. 17.1 ± 5.9 ml/min/kg PL, p = 0.017; 70–80% isotime 16.7 ± 5.7 BR vs. 17.2 ± 5.5 ml/min/kg PL, p = 0.010; 80–90% isotime 16.8 ± 5.7 BR, vs. 17.5 ± 5.75 ml/min/kg PL, p = 0.004). The endurance time was not significantly different between the groups (5.65 (3.90–10.40) BR vs. 6.40 (4.01–9.67) minutes PL, p = 0.50). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The acute administration of nitrate reduces oxygen consumption and diastolic blood pressure during equivalent exercise in COPD patients.
Matsutake Mushroom-induced Anaphylactic Reaction: The Patient's Nonreleasing Basophils Showed Antigen-induced Histamine Release After 3-day Treatment With IL-3
Authors: T. Toda, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Nakase, N. Sugimoto, M. Suzukawa, A. Kamiyama, H. Yoshihara, M. Kuramochi, H. Tashimo, H. Arai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING UNVEILS HIDDEN MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE THAT CANNOT BE EVALUATED BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY OR ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONICALLY OCCLUDED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, Sung-A Chang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung Hyuk Choi, Jae Oh, Yeon Hyeon Choe, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Low-Osmolality Contrast Agents — Who Needs Them?
Authors: John W. Hirshfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

THE articles by Barrett et al.1 and Steinberg et al.2 in this issue of the Journal address the important problem of deciding how to choose between low-osmolality and high-osmolality intravascular radiographic contrast agents. Should low-osmolality agents be used universally, or only in selected patients? On what basis should this decision be made? If low-osmolality agents are used selectively, what criteria should be applied to identify those who should receive them?Conventional agents that have osmolalities of 2000 mOsm per kilogram have been in use since the 1950s. The newer agents, which have the same radiopacity, have osmolalities of 600 to . . .
TCT-363 Can the SYNTAX Score Focused on the Evaluation of Chronic Total Occlusion(CTO) be a Useful Predictor of Successful Revascularization in CTO-PCIs?; Comparison with the J-CTO Score.
Authors: Masaki Tanabe, Kohei Asada, Takafumi Yagi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Regulation of TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) restitutes intestinal epithelial barrier function
Authors: Huang Huang, Jiang-Qi Liu, Yong Yu, Li-Hua Mo, Rong-Ti Ge, Huan-Ping Zhang, Zhi-Gang Liu, Peng-Yuan Zheng, Ping-Chang Yang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of the Current Status of Discoid and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Variants
Authors: J. W. HOLLINGSWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The editor of this book on lupus erythematosus, Dr. Edmund L. Dubois, contributes over 70% of the 406 manuscript pages. Dr. Bruce Cruickshank's section on the pathologic findings in the disease is excellent; other authors discuss briefly specific aspects of the lupus erythematosus problem. In the sections on clinical manifestations, the relationship of lupus to other so-called collagen diseases, differential diagnosis, and treatment, Dr. Dubois draws heavily on his personal experience with the care of over 500 lupus erythematosus patients at Los Angeles County Hospital. However, each section has a comprehensive review of the publications and opinions of others. This bibliography of almost 1,500 references is a valuable part of the book. Having analyzed his own experience carefully (aided by extensive statistical tabulations), and having reviewed the opinions of others, Dr. Dubois takes a clearcut stand on most areas of controversy about the diagnosis and treatment of lupus erythematosus. In
Medical Education and the Physician
Authors: James M. Faulkner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ALTHOUGH medical education has always been a central interest of the Massachusetts Medical Society, it has never before been the subject of a Shattuck lecture. It seems, therefore, to be an appropriate occasion to consider the role that organized medicine, as represented by the Society, has played and is playing in the advancement of medical education. I shall limit my attention to the undergraduate phase of the education of a physician and shall comment on some recent trends.External InfluencesMassachusetts furnishes a good example of the evolution of medical education in the country at large. The earliest settlers had . . .
Exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of liver diseases
Authors: Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Tatyana V. Masyuk, Nicholas F. LaRusso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Exosomes are small (30-100 nm in diameter) extracellular membrane-enclosed vesicles released by different cell types into the extracellular space or into biological fluids by exocytosis as a result of fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The primary function of exosomes is intercellular communication with both beneficial (physiological) and harmful (pathological) potential outcomes. Liver cells are exosome-releasing cells as well as targets for endogenous exosomes and exosomes derived from cells of other organs. Despite limited studies on liver exosomes, initial observations suggest that these vesicles are important in liver physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent findings on liver exosomes, their functions and significance for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Use of the Three-Spined Stickleback ( <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i> ) As a Sensitive <i>in Vivo</i> Test for Detection of Environmental Antiandrogens
Authors: Ioanna Katsiadaki, Steven Morris, Christopher Squires, Mark Richard Hurst, Jonathan David James, Alexander Pickering Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We have previously shown that exposure to exogenous androgens causes female sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to produce the glue protein, spiggin, in their kidneys. This protein can be quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed and validated at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science. Here we report the development of an in vivo test for the detection of environmental antiandrogens. The system involves the simultaneous exposure of female sticklebacks to 17α-methyltestosterone (a model androgen) at 500 ng/L and suspected environmental antiandrogens over a period of 21 days. The spiggin content of the kidneys is then measured, and any antiandrogenic activity is evaluated by comparing the spiggin levels of female fish exposed to antiandrogens to those of female fish exposed solely to the model androgen. The assay detects the antiandrogenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin (both used at 250 μg/L), linuron (at 150 μg/L), and fenitrothion (at 15 and 150 μg/L). These results provide the first evidence of in vivo antiandrogenic activity of both linuron and fenitrothion in teleosts. Although there are other suggested fish species that could be used for this purpose, the stickleback is the only widely available species in which it is now possible to study both estrogenic and antiandrogenic end points in the same individual. Furthermore, the species is endemic and ubiquitous in Europe, and it possesses many ecological traits that make it better suited than other potential species for field research into endocrine disruption.
Familial Schmidt's Syndrome
Authors: Peter B. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Among the 17 offspring of a common father, overt adrenal and thyroid insufficiency developed in three brothers. In eight of the 12 siblings then examined, and also in one of the two mothers of this kindred, endocrine abnormalities were documented. Early compensated adrenal and thyroid hypofunction with organ-specific antibodies were found in asymptomatic relatives. Pernicious anemia, vitiligo, and alopecia were also seen. Age of clinical onset varied from 18 to 38 years. Familial investigations may identify asymptomatic persons at risk for the development of serious endocrine deficiencies.
Staphylococcus aureus membrane and diacylated lipopeptide induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin in keratinocytes through the Toll-like receptor 2–Toll-like receptor 6 pathway
Authors: Anh Tuan Vu, Tadashi Baba, Xue Chen, Tuan Anh Le, Hirokazu Kinoshita, Yang Xie, Seiji Kamijo, Keiichi Hiramatsu, Shigaku Ikeda, Hideoki Ogawa, Ko Okumura, Toshiro Takai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Rheumatic disease and the Australian Aborigine
Authors: R. A Roberts-Thomson, P J Roberts-Thomson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To document the frequency and disease phenotype of various rheumatic diseases in the Australian Aborigine.A comprehensive review was performed of the archaeological, ethnohistorical, and contemporary literature relating to rheumatic diseases in these indigenous people.No evidence was found to suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or gout occurred in Aborigines before or during the early stages of white settlement of Australia. Part of the explanation for the absence of these disorders in this indigenous group may relate to the scarcity of predisposing genetic elements, for example, shared rheumatoid epitope for RA, B27 antigen for AS. In contrast, osteoarthritis appeared to be common particularly involving the temporomandibular joint, right elbow and knees and, most probably, was related to excessive joint loading in their hunter gatherer lifestyle. Since white settlement, high frequency rates for rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, and pyogenic arthritis have been observed and there are now scanty reports of the emergence of RA and gout in these original Australians.The occurrence and phenotype of various rheumatic disorders in Australian Aborigines is distinctive but with recent changes in diet, lifestyle, and continuing genetic admixture may be undergoing change. An examination of rheumatic diseases in Australian Aborigines and its changing phenotype may lead to a greater understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of these disorders.
New Insights and Unresolved Issues Regarding Insertional Mutagenesis in X-linked SCID Gene Therapy
Authors: Karin Pike-Overzet, Mirjam van der Burg, Gerard Wagemaker, Jacques JM van Dongen, Frank JT Staal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The oncogenic potential of retrovirus-mediated gene therapy has been re-emphasized because four patients developed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)-like disease from an otherwise successful gene therapy trial for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-linked SCID). X-linked SCID, a disease caused by inactivating mutations in the IL2Rγ gene, is part of a heterogeneous group of SCIDs characterized by the lack of T cells in conjunction with the absence of B and/or natural killer (NK) cells. Gene therapy approaches are being developed for this group of diseases. In this review we discuss the various forms of SCID in relation to normal T-cell development. In addition, we consider the possible role of LMO2 and other T-ALL oncogenes in the development of adverse effects as seen in the X-linked SCID gene therapy trial. Furthermore, we debate whether the integration near the LMO2 locus is sufficient to result in T-ALL-like proliferations or whether the gamma-retroviral viral expression of the therapeutic IL2RG gene contributes to leukemogenesis. Finally, we review some newly developed murine models that may have added value for gene therapy safety studies. The oncogenic potential of retrovirus-mediated gene therapy has been re-emphasized because four patients developed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)-like disease from an otherwise successful gene therapy trial for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-linked SCID). X-linked SCID, a disease caused by inactivating mutations in the IL2Rγ gene, is part of a heterogeneous group of SCIDs characterized by the lack of T cells in conjunction with the absence of B and/or natural killer (NK) cells. Gene therapy approaches are being developed for this group of diseases. In this review we discuss the various forms of SCID in relation to normal T-cell development. In addition, we consider the possible role of LMO2 and other T-ALL oncogenes in the development of adverse effects as seen in the X-linked SCID gene therapy trial. Furthermore, we debate whether the integration near the LMO2 locus is sufficient to result in T-ALL-like proliferations or whether the gamma-retroviral viral expression of the therapeutic IL2RG gene contributes to leukemogenesis. Finally, we review some newly developed murine models that may have added value for gene therapy safety studies.
Review of<i>Christian Science on Trial</i>
Authors: Daniel E. Hall, Harold G. Koenig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: In our review of the book Christian Science on Trial (Dec. 25 issue),1 we inadvertently misrepresented the views of physicians Larry Dossey and Andrew Weil. We made the following statement: “If the materialism of modern medicine tends to neglect the soul in order to cure the body, the spiritualized alternative medicine proposed by modern physicians such as Andrew Weil and Larry Dossey may, like the Scientists, neglect the body to cure the soul.” We withdraw our comment and regret any inconvenience it may have caused Drs. Dossey and Weil.
Einführung in die stereotaktischen Operationen mit einem Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns. Introduction to Stereotaxis with an Atlas of the Human Brain. In drei Bänden. Band I: Text. Band II: Tafel 1-57. Band III: Tafel 58-76
Authors: Loren W. Avery
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The editors, realizing the great potentialities of stereotaxis in brain surgery, are confronted with the problem of its blindness and its inaccuracies. One wonders if, when they began this study, they were aware of the magnitude of the task of giving this method much better credentials as far as its use on the human brain is concerned. The problems they encountered and their methods of solving them are clearly and interestingly portrayed. The inability to use as planes of reference those found adequate in animal experiments led them to use reference points specific to the brain itself and visible in the ventriculogram. Since the ventricular system is the chief landmark of orientation, the editors have presented a careful study as to the extent of the normal, as well as the pathologically deformed ventricular system. In order to use the ventriculogram for direct dimensional measurements, they have developed a roentgenographic technique
Contribution of Collagen, Elastin, and Smooth Muscle to In Vivo Human Brachial Artery Wall Stress and Elastic Modulus
Authors: Alan J. Bank, Hongyu Wang, James E. Holte, Kathleen Mullen, Roger Shammas, Spencer H. Kubo
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The contributions of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle to arterial mechanical properties in the in vivo human artery are not known.We used a recently developed intravascular ultrasound technique to measure total brachial artery wall stress and incremental elastic modulus (Einc) in seven normal human subjects at baseline and after intra-arterial norepinephrine (1.2 micrograms) and nitroglycerin (100 micrograms). Then we applied a modified Maxwell model to estimate the elastic modulus of elastin (EE); the recruitment of collagen fibers supporting wall stress; and the differential contributions of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle to wall stress and Einc over a wide range of pressure and smooth muscle tone. With this model, EE was 3 x 10(6) dynes/cm2. Collagen fibers were recruited increasingly as transmural arterial pressure increased and reached a value of approximately 5% to 6% at 100 mm Hg under each of the conditions studied. Isobaric smooth muscle contraction resulted in a small decrease in total wall stress and no significant change in total Einc while shifting the predominant element contributing to these mechanical parameters from collagen in parallel with the smooth muscle to collagen in series with the smooth muscle. In contrast, isometric smooth muscle contraction produced large increases in total wall stress (from 0.11 x 10(6) dynes/cm2 after nitroglycerin administration to 1.35 x 10(6) dynes/cm2 after norepinephrine administration) and Einc (from 3.84 x 10(6) dynes/cm2 after nitroglycerin administration to 57.8 x 10(6) dynes/cm2 after norepinephrine administration) entirely as a result of the additional contribution of the smooth muscle and its associated series collagen.This study describes a technique for determining arterial elastic properties and a model that can be used to estimate a number of mechanical parameters of the human brachial artery in vivo. This technique may be useful in studies of the arterial elastic properties of arteries in patients with vascular pathology.
SCARLET FEVER AND DIPHTHERIA IMMUNIZATION IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF GARY
Authors: O. B. Nesbit
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our five years' experience with immunization against scarlet fever by the Dick method in the Gary schools indicates its effectiveness in lessening the number of cases and also the deaths.  The health records show that during the five years previous to the beginning of scarlet fever immunization in September, 1924, the following number of cases occurred:    The number of deaths during this period was thirteen.  The records show that since immunization was begun in September, 1924, the following number of cases have occurred:    The number of deaths during this period was six.  At the beginning of the immunization work three doses of scarlet fever toxin were given with a maximum of 3,000 skin test doses. The dosage for the past two years has been 500, 2,000, 8,000, 25,000 and 80,000 skin test doses, respectively. The total number of doses given up to September, 1929, has been 22,145. Most of these
A Unique Case of Auto-immune Erythrocyte Sensitization
Authors: J. Darnborough
Journal: BMJ (1958)

METHALLENOESTRILMEIrCAL JOUNASL 1451 the seven patients who received methallenoestril.Both macroscopic and microscopical examination of the endo- metrium has shown a lesser degree of oestrogenic stimu- lation in those who were given methallenoestril.The results may be largely explained by the fact that methallenoestril is a weaker oestrogen than stilboestrol, but there is some evidence of a selective action by the former which would make it a more suitable preparation for the treatment of post-menopausal vaginitis, post-menopausal osteoporosis, and the symptoms of the climacteric.A healthy vaginal epithelium was observed in all eight of the patients treated with stilboestrol, and all except one of the seven who were given methallenoestril.Five of the 10 controls had obvious atrophic changes.We wish to thank Mr. Victor Lack, Mr. Alan Brews, and Mr. Robert Percival
Multiple mismatches at the low expression HLA loci DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 associate with adverse outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Marcelo A. Fernández-Viña, John P. Klein, Michael Haagenson, Stephen R. Spellman, Claudio Anasetti, Harriet Noreen, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe, Pedro Cano, Neal Flomenberg, Dennis L. Confer, Mary M. Horowitz, Machteld Oudshoorn, Effie W. Petersdorf, Michelle Setterholm, Richard Champlin, Stephanie J. Lee, Marcos de Lima
Journal: Blood (2013)