tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The BetterCare judgment---a challenge to health care
Authors: A. M Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A landmark decision by the United Kingdom's Competition Commission could make all contracting out and commissioning of health care by NHS and social services subject to European Union competition law, rather than a matter for national public health policy. Healthcare reforms in the United Kingdom are already exacerbating tensions between the European Union's economic constitution and national control over healthcare policy. In principle, competition rules in the European Community focus on economic activity and entrepreneurial freedoms, leaving “true welfare state activity” to member governments,1 but a recent judgment by a United Kingdom tribunal shows how the courts are moving the dividing line between economic and social activities.2

In November 2000, the BetterCare Group (a private company selling nursing and residential care in Northern Ireland) used the United Kingdom's competition law to challenge the contract price for private nursing home beds arranged with North and West Belfast Health and Social Services Trust (Northern Ireland's combined local commissioner for health and social care).

BetterCare alleged that the contract price was set too low because the trust was abusing its dominant market position in violation of competition rules.2 The director general of fair trading, who is responsible for policing competition rules, rejected the complaint. He ruled that competition rules did not apply in this case because North and West's provision of social services was not an economic activity. BetterCare, however, appealed against this ruling on the grounds, among others, that the European Court of Justice, which …
Diminutive somatic deletions in the 5q region lead to a phenotype atypical of classical 5q− syndrome
Authors: Adrianna Vlachos, Jason E. Farrar, Eva Atsidaftos, Ellen Muir, Anupama Narla, Thomas C. Markello, Sharon A. Singh, Michael Landowski, Hanna T. Gazda, Lionel Blanc, Johnson M. Liu, Steven R. Ellis, Robert J. Arceci, Benjamin L. Ebert, David M. Bodine, Jeffrey M. Lipton
Journal: Blood (2013)
o,p'DDD Therapy in Invasive Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: DENIS BECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Invasive adrenocortical carcinoma was diagnosed in two patients, 3 1/2 and 69 years of age, respectively. Therapy with o,p'DDD was begun immediately, and the patients have survived 4 1/12 and 7 9/12 years, respectively. The prolonged survival represents possible "cure" of inoperable disease following early initiation of therapy.
Letter: Hyperglucagnoaemia in the surgical patient.
Authors: A Giddings, None O'Connor, B J Rowlands, D Mangnall, R G Clark
Journal: BMJ (1975)

an added bonus.All forms of the media presentations (filns, slides, and erhibitions) are expensive if produced commercially, but the NMH.S. already employs professional photographers and illustrators who, with encouragement and very modest expansion of their facilities, could provide most of its needs.-I am, etc.,
Israeli doctors consider carrying emergency kits
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Attacks by Palestinian suicide bombers have triggered a debate in the Israeli health ministry about whether individual doctors—who might by chance be nearby when an attack occurs—should be equipped with an emergency medical kit to save the lives of the wounded.

When health minister Nissim Dahan visited Ha'emek Hospital in Afula, south of Nazareth, after a suicide bomber blew himself up in a …
Allergology in <scp>E</scp>urope, the blueprint
Authors: J. G. de Monchy, P. Demoly, C. A. Akdis, V. Cardona, N. G. Papadopoulos, P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier, J. Gayraud
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract The number of patients with allergic diseases in E urope, and thus relevant demand for health care, is continuously increasing. In this EAACI ‐ UEMS position paper, a rationale is given for the medical specialty of allergology. General practitioners and general paediatricians usually cannot elucidate and address all causative factors. Throughout E urope, therefore, the expertise of allergologists (allergists) is required. In collaboration with other medical professionals, they take care of allergic patients, in private practices or in specialized public centres. A well‐structured collaboration between allergists and allergy centres offers the possibility of rapid signalling of new trends developing in the population of allergic patients (e.g. in food and drug allergy). Allergy centres also can perform clinical (and basic) research, teach medical students, future allergists and provide postgraduate training. To prevent that the quality of care in one or several countries within E urope lags behind developments in other countries, the UEMS S ection and B oard on A llergology together with the E uropean A cademy of A llergy and C linical I mmunology advocates the status of a full specialty of allergology in each E uropean country, with a further intention to align their activities (blueprint, curriculum and centre visitation) with the UEMS Section of P aediatrics.
Obstetric Services in Rural Hospitals
Authors: Karl Singer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was pleased to read the recent articles by Heim and Ferguson (240:2051, 1978) and Heim (240:2070, 1978) on the quality and cost of obstetric services in rural hospitals. This issue arrived just as I was writing to the New Hampshire Health Systems Agency about the irrelevance of the national obstetric guidelines to obstetric care in New Hampshire. The statistics provided by the authors verify in greater detail my information about New Hampshire. New Hampshire has 28 hospitals with obstetric services. There is a single level 3 unit with 600 deliveries a year located at Dartmouth Medical School, where most high-risk pregnant women are delivered of their children. Most level 1 units have between 300 and 600 deliveries a year. In 1976 the infant mortality was 9.4 per 1,000 deliveries. This was the lowest rate of any state in the United States. Only Sweden (8.7 per 1,000
A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF 618 SUICIDAL PATIENTS
Authors: ALEX D. POKORNY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

In this study, 618 suicidal veteran patients were followed up for a period of one month to 14½ years, averaging 4.6 years. Of these, 615 were successfully traced. Twenty-one of these (3.4 percent), all males, had committed suicide. By computation of man-years of risk for each case and summing of these by categories, the following suicide rates were derived (to be compared to 10.6 for the U.S. as a whole and 22.7 for male veterans) : all 615 subjects, 740; male suicidal patients, 786; suicide attempts, 805; suicide threats, 710; suicidal ideas, 674. Rates were also derived and presented for diagnostic groupings, age, length of time in the study, degree of seriousness of the suicidal behavior, severity of the symptom of depression and type of precipitating factor. The period of greatest risk of suicide was found to be during the first two years following the initial suicidal behavior; during the first three months, the incidence of suicide was almost one percent of the entire group. It is concluded that suicidal behavior (attempts, threats and ideas) is one of the strongest indicators of future suicide —more relevant than the psychiatric diagnostic grouping. Male patients who have shown such behavior have about 35 times the expected suicide rate.
Medical Workforce Planning and Medical Education
Authors: Carlos J. M. Martini
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE CANADIAN province of Ontario announced in late April 1993 its plans for a 75% pay cut for newly certified physicians in several specialties<sup>1</sup>to discourage excessive numbers in areas of oversupply, then reduced the recommended cut to 25%. This extreme shift is emblematic of patterns in many countries, where inadequate forecasting techniques and overly centralized interventions have led to changes or even reversals in recommendations that attempt to balance the number and mix of health care providers with population needs. Whether the forecasting shifts accompanied medical workforce planning or a free market system, they have wasted personal and institutional resources. The United Kingdom, for example, projected shortages of physicians in 1944 and 1968, yet identified surpluses in 1957, 1978, and 1985.<sup>2</sup>Subsequent planning activities affected the development of new schools, the intake of students, and the availability of graduate medical education. The Todd report<sup>3</sup>on medical
Human gonadotrophin preparations patients can't afford new drug
Authors: S Lee, I A L Treharne, A Eshkol, M L Page
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Recently, a drug company launched a new gonadotrophin preparation and at the same time discontinued its previous product, which itself had been hailed as a major breakthrough on the basis that preparations containing low concentrations of luteinising hormone or follicle stimulating hormone alone were considered better at inducing ovulation. What concerns us is the sudden discontinuation of a product that many specialists had previously been encouraged to use. Though we believe in the advantage of preparations containing low luteinising hormone concentrations or follicle stimulating hormone alone,1,2 we are concerned for patients seeking treatment of infertility as many have to pay for their drugs.

We run a busy fertility clinic offering simple treatments such as superovulation with intrauterine insemination,3 transvaginal ultrasound monitored egg release and insemination (follicles are lanced to ensure ovulation), and direct oocyte transfer, a modification of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).*RF 3-5* These are …
Effect of Combination Therapy Including Protease Inhibitors on Mortality among Children and Adolescents Infected with HIV-1
Authors: Steven L. Gortmaker, Michael Hughes, Joseph Cervia, Michael Brady, George M. Johnson, George R. Seage, Lin Ye Song, Wayne M. Dankner, James M. Oleske
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Combination therapy including protease inhibitors has been shown to be effective in treating adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but there are only limited data regarding the treatment of children and adolescents.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Symptoms and Functional Status of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: State of the Art and Future Research Opportunities”
Authors: Michiel Rienstra, Steven A. Lubitz, Saagar Mahida, Moritz F. Sinner, Patrick T. Ellinor, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Jared W. Magnani, João D. Fontes, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Are Ambient Ultrafine, Accumulation Mode, and Fine Particles Associated with Adverse Cardiac Responses in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation?
Authors: David Q Rich, Wojciech Zareba, William Beckett, Philip K Hopke, David Oakes, Mark W Frampton, John Bisognano, David Chalupa, Jan Bausch, Karen O’Shea, Yungang Wang, Mark J Utell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Mechanisms underlying previously reported air pollution and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity associations remain poorly understood.We examined associations between markers of pathways thought to underlie these air pollution and CV associations and ambient particle concentrations in postinfarction patients.We studied 76 patients, from June 2006 to November 2009, who participated in a 10-week cardiac rehabilitation program following a recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Ambient ultrafine particle (UFP; 10-100 nm), accumulation mode particle (AMP; 100-500 nm), and fine particle concentrations (PM2.5; ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were monitored continuously. Continuous Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were made before and during supervised, graded, twice weekly, exercise sessions. A venous blood sample was collected and blood pressure was measured before sessions.Using mixed effects models, we observed adverse changes in rMSSD [square root of the mean of the sum of the squared differences between adjacent normal-to-normal (NN) intervals], SDNN (standard deviation of all NN beat intervals), TpTe (time from peak to end of T-wave), heart rate turbulence, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen associated with interquartile range increases in UFP, AMP, and PM2.5 at 1 or more lag times within the previous 5 days. Exposures were not associated with MeanNN, heart-rate-corrected QT interval duration (QTc), deceleration capacity, and white blood cell count was not associated with UFP, AMP, and PM2.5 at any lag time.In cardiac rehabilitation patients, particles were associated with subclinical decreases in parasympathetic modulation, prolongation of late repolarization duration, increased blood pressure, and systemic inflammation. It is possible that such changes could increase the risk of CV events in this susceptible population.
Dietary factors and the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood.
Authors: G G Dahlquist, L G Blom, L A Persson, A I Sandstrom, S G Wall
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To study different nutrients and food additives as risk factors for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. DESIGN--Prospective case-control study. Parents of the children being studied were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the children9s frequency of consumption of various foods. Parents of children with diabetes were asked about the period before onset of the disease. SETTING--Population based study throughout Sweden. SUBJECTS--339 Children aged 0-14 who had recently developed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 528 control children matched for age, sex, and county of residence who were traced through the official Swedish population register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Foods were classified according to their content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, monosaccharides or disaccharides, nitrosamines, nitrates or nitrites, vitamin C, and fibres. The frequency of intake was categorised as high, medium, and low and the relative risk for developing insulin dependent diabetes was estimated for the three frequencies of intake and calculated as odds ratios. RESULTS--Significant linear trends for dose response in odds ratios by frequency of intake were shown for solid foods containing high amounts of protein (odds ratio for low frequency of intake 1.0; medium 2.3; and high 5.5), and nitrosamines (1.0; 1.7; 2.6) and significant but non-linear trends were found for carbohydrates (1.0; 1.3; 4.4) and nitrates or nitrites (1.0; 0.8; 2.4). The significant trends were not affected when the results were standardised for possible confounders. No significant increases in odds ratios were found for protein, monosaccharides and disaccharides, vitamin C, and fibres. CONCLUSION--Nutrients and food additives such as protein, carbohydrate, and nitrosamine compounds may influence the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood and significant trends in odds ratios indicate a causal relation.
Development of kinetic models in the nonlinear world of molecular cell biology
Authors: Robert D. Phair
Journal: Metabolism (1997)

Increasingly, successful research on metabolic systems relies on teams of specialists. Because of the enormous complexity of these systems, many experimental groups have sought collaborations with theoreticians for data analysis and modeling. Predictably, cultural differences in scientific approach, methodology, assumptions, and language have led to some persistent difficulties in communication across the experiment-theory frontier. This report attempts to diagnose some of these difficulties from the perspective of 30 years' experience in both experimental and theoretical biology, and to suggest guidelines for effective collaboration between experimentalists and theorists. As these collaborations move to the level of cellular and molecular biology, effective communication will become all the more important because the simple linear rate laws of radiotracer and stable-isotope kinetics will no longer suffice. This is because every form of regulation and control, hallmarks of metabolic systems, results in nonlinear kinetics. To advance this transition to nonlinear cellular and molecular metabolic models and to facilitate communication between experimental and theoretical collaborators, a general procedure for incorporating control mechanisms in metabolic rate laws is developed based on the familiar rapid-equilibrium assumption of classical enzyme kinetics.
Memoirs of a Medico
Authors: Joel Shilling
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This autobiography is a well-written account of the life of a Spanish physician. The author recounts his life from carefree boyhood in Spain and England to the hectic life he leads as a hotel physician. Dr. Alonso was born in Spain and educated in England. He received his first hospital appointment from Queen Ena of Spain. He had practiced only a short while as a surgeon at the Madrid Charity Hospital when the Spanish Civil War broke out. He was drafted into a Communist surgical unit and placed in a military hospital compound behind the Communist lines. His firsthand descriptions of the horrors of the war, particularly the mass executions of the "traitorous" clergy, are very vivid. During this period of terror, Dr. Alonso helped many political prisoners escape from the Communist-dominated zone. No sooner had the Spanish Civil War ended than the Second World War started. In the early
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from IgE- and non-IgE-associated allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) demonstrate increased capacity of generating interleukin-13 but differ in their potential of synthesizing interferon-gamma
Authors: D. Simon, S. Borelli, L. R. Braathen, H. -U. Simon
Journal: Allergy (2002)

A subgroup of patients with allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) are known to have normal total and specific IgE levels and negative skin prick tests towards common environmental allergens. This form of the disease has been termed non-IgE-associated allergic AEDS. Although allergic mechanisms appear to be important, the pathogenesis of both IgE- and non-IgE-associated forms of the disease is unknown.We have compared the cytokine production pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from IgE-associated AEDS, non-IgE-associated AEDS, and normal control individuals. PBMC were stimulated with anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and cytokine production was measured by immunoassays in supernatants of 24-h cultures.Compared to healthy subjects and non-IgE-associated AEDS patients, stimulated PBMC from IgE-associated AEDS patients produced less interferon (IFN)-gamma. However, stimulated PBMC from both IgE-associated AEDS and non-IgE-associated AEDS patients produced more interleukin (IL)-13 than PBMC from control individuals. Moreover, IL-5 production was significantly increased in non-IgE-associated AEDS but not in IgE-associated AEDS patients.The underlying mechanism leading to increased differentiation of T helper (Th) 2 cells may involve a deficient capacity in producing IFN-gamma in IgE-associated AEDS but not in non-IgE-associated AEDS patients. IL-13 may be a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of both allergic forms of AEDS.
MAP kinase inhibitors stimulate T cell and anti-tumor activity in combination with blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction
Authors: Bryan A Irving, Jeanne Cheung, Yagai Yang, Marina Moskalenka, Marcin Kowanetz, Heather Maecker, Ira Mellman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Pharmacological inhibition of the MAPK pathway with MEK or BRAF antagonists has proved successful in inducing regression of melanoma tumors bearing the targeted activating mutations. Moreover, antibodies targeting T-cell immune checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 or PD-L1/PD-1 have
Edentulous State and Circulation Time
Authors: George A. Sheehan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The discussion of circulation time in the aged (<i>JAMA</i><b>183</b>:1037 [March 23] 1963) makes me wonder if false teeth might be a cause of the discrepancy. As a resident under Dr. Dock at Kings County Hospital, I saw instances of prolonged circulation time that became normal when an upper or lower plate was removed, allowing a sharper end point with dehydrocholic acid. Perhaps, since this edentulous state is more likely to occur in the older age group, attention to this detail might bring the older individuals within the normal range.
Alteration in plasma antioxidant capacities in chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients: a possible explanation for the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients
Authors: G Clermont
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in chronic renal failure (CRF) and hemodialyzed (HD) patients is now well established and the involvement of oxidative stress has been hypothesized in these phenomena. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in healthy controls (CTL) compared with CRF and HD patients before (pre-HD) and after (post-HD) the dialysis session, carried out on a high biocompatible polyacrylonitrile membrane AN69. Methods: Several indicators of the extracellular redox status were evaluated in plasma. The ascorbyl free radical (AFR) was directly measured using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and expressed with respect to the vitamin C level to obtain a direct index of oxidative stress. Indirect plasma parameters such as vitamin E, thiol and uric acid levels were also quantified. The plasma antioxidant status (PAS) was evaluated by the allophycocyanin test. Nitric oxide (NO) stable-end metabolites: nitrites and nitrates (NOx), were measured in plasma. Results: In CRF patients, vitamin C and thiol levels were low, and the AFR/vitamin C ratio high compared with the CTL. On the other hand, PAS and uric acid levels were shown to be higher in CRF patients. After the dialysis session, vitamin C level decreased and AFR/vitamin C ratio increased. The thiol levels were shown to be increased, in return PAS and uric acid levels were significantly lower after the dialysis session. NOx levels rose during CRF, but were significantly decreased after the dialysis procedure. No differences in vitamin E status were observed between CTL, CRF and HD patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that profound disturbances in the extracellular redox system occur during the course of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis, and may provide an explanation for the cardiovascular complications in these patients.
Press: "Cosmo" for drug users
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Dutch organisation denies glamorising addiction

Roll out the cliches and puns, it's open season again on Dutch drug policy. “Pot shots” have been fired at “junkies' magazine,” there has been “outrage over drug chic women's glossy,” and anti-drugs campaigners are “infuriated.” The British media report that a “new magazine,” SisterMainline , produced by Amsterdam's Mainline Foundation, is considered a classic example ofdrug chic” publishing, a “transparent validation” of drug use, which stinks.”

Mainline, which provides health information to hard drug users, stands guilty of presenting a relatively positive self-image of women users, struggling with their addiction, but able to take practical steps to improve their health and take pride in their appearance. Even worse, say critics,Mainline has done this within the format of a “glossy” women's magazine.

Far from just saying “no,” Sister …
Predictive value of food sensitization and filaggrin mutations in children with eczema
Authors: Birgit Filipiak-Pittroff, Christina Schnopp, Dietrich Berdel, Aline Naumann, Simon Sedlmeier, Anna Onken, Elke Rodriguez, Regina Fölster-Holst, Hansjörg Baurecht, Markus Ollert, Johannes Ring, Claudia Cramer, Andrea von Berg, Carl Peter Bauer, Olf Herbarth, Irina Lehmann, Beate Schaaf, Sibylle Koletzko, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)