tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thoracic Surgical Management.
Authors: August P. Hovnanian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In this concise monograph the authors have endeavored to describe the fundamentals of the surgical management of thoracic diseases. They familiarize the novice with the current and practical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. From the vast literature of the last two decades, they have chosen the basic principles, the modalities of therapy, and the prevention and treatment of common surgical cardiopulmonary conditions.  Their style is simple and lucid. Their choice of material is practical, avoiding any controversial subjects. The illustrations and diagrams follow the philosophy of the authors in being clear, concise and informative.  This book should be very serviceable to those who are being trained in thoracic surgery and to those surgeons who, by obligation but not by choice, have occasion to treat intrathoracic diseases.
DnaJB6: an indirect interaction protein of 15-kDa selenoprotein
Authors: Jing Tian, Qiong Liu, Jiazuan Ni
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) is a protein containing seleno-cysteine (Sec) encoded by UGA, a stop codon. Sep15 is possibly involved in glycoprotein folding, ER stress and redox homeostasis. It is reported that Sep15 mRNA was detected in brain and a Se labeled protein dot was also appeared at the corresponding position of Sep15 (molecular weight= ~15-kDa, pI value: 4.6-4.8). But the function of Sep15 in brain is unknown. DnaJB6 is a molecular chaperone highly enriched in the central nervous system. It inhibits Huntingtin aggregation and toxicity independently and has been found to be present in core of lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and highly up-regulated in Parkinsonian astrocytes.
The psychology of skill acquisition
Authors: R. H. Sharp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

The title of this paper includes such a large body of knowledge that an attempt to describe every detail in a single paper would be both a pretentious and fruitless exercise. Instead, I shall describe briefly how the psychology of skill acquisition is viewed in terms of a general conceptual framework and secondly, how such a model can be of use in considering some aspects of the learning process.
Anatomy for Surgeons, vol 2: The Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Since the publication of its first edition in three volumes between 1954 and 1958,<i>Anatomy for Surgeons</i>has held a respected and perhaps unique place as a reference work on the shelves of anatomists as well as surgeons. This has been true because of two features: first, it explains superbly the structural basis for function; second, it offers an up-to-date presentation of anatomical variations or of disputed anatomicophysiologic matters. Examples in this volume are a lucid classification of congenital heart disease; the location of ectopic spleen, liver, or suprarenal glands; the reference of pain in situs inversus; the evidence for or against the existence of the several fasciae gynecologists utilize; the evidence for the neural pathways of visceral function. For the surgeon, the work fails in one important aspect: it places little emphasis on regional anatomy or on the detail of surgical operations. Indeed, the illustrations, while helpful, are almost
Childhood gastroesophageal reflux. Neurologic and psychiatric syndromes mimicked
Authors: P. F. Bray
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Thirteen infants and children with proved gastroesophageal (GE) reflux had complaints that suggested a CNS disorder. Symptoms began in early infancy in ten cases, but accurate diagnosis and proper treatment were not instituted in three cases until three to five years of age. A CNS basis for their disease was suspected because they exhibited specific signs or because the importance of associated gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory tract symptoms was not appreciated. The presenting CNS symptoms and signs included dystonia in 11, developmental retardation in ten, dysphagia in nine, seizures in six, and extreme irritability in ten. We believe that the diagnosis of symptom-causing GE reflux is being missed regularly. The effects of proper medical or surgical therapy are often dramatic, and the consequences of missed diagnosis or improper treatment are potentially lethal. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1342-1345, 1977)
Abstract 5652: Cytoplasmic expression of estrogen receptors in breast cancers
Authors: Young J. Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nuclear expression of estrogen receptor(ER)-A has been used as the prognostic and therapeutic marker for breast cancer. However, ER cytoplasmic expression (CyE) has not gained such support for its contribution to estrogenic response and clinical significance. Membrane ER or unliganded cytoplasmic hormone receptors may represent non-genomic actions of ER or subcellular dislocation during malignant transformation due to inappropriate /dysfunctional trafficking of transcription factors and cofactors. Here, we tested CyE of ERs in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines (BCC) to further define its role. Design; Tissue microarray sections of 271 cancers, 45 normals, 62 benign proliferative disease (BPD) of breast tissues and 11 BCC (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75, MB-361,MB 468, BT 474, MB-453, SK-BR-3,MB-231, Hs578T, BT-549) were tested by immunohistochemistry for the expression of ER-A (ID5, Dako), 5 different clones of ER-B (AR385-5R, Biogenex; PPG5/10, Dako;Ab288/14C8, ABCAM; EMR02, Novacastra; 57/3, AbD Serotec), Her-2 (HercepTest, Dako), Ki-67, AIB-1 (Clone 34, BD), TIF-2 (Clone 29, BD). Non-specific protein and peptide antigen were blocked by using serum block (Dako, CA) and peptides, respectively. Over 5% positive nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in each tissue core was considered positive. Results: ER-A-CyE was noted in 9.0% (27/271) of breast cancers; 6 were ER-A-/Her-2+, and 3 were ER-A+/Her-2+. One BCC, BT474 with ER-A+/Her-2+ showed ERA-CyE. ER-B-CyE was noted in 29.1 % (81/271) of cancers and 4 of 11 BCC. CyE of 5 ER-B clones were consistent expression in each breast tissue and BCC. The staining of ER-B-CyE in BCC showed diffuse, membranous or dotted appearance. In breast cancer, that of ER-B-CyE was diffuse and was prominent in high grade cancer with desmoplastic reaction and heavy lymphocytic infiltration. ER-B-CyE was noted in 47.0 % (47/100) of stage IV cancer including recurrent and tamoxifen resistant cancers, and 19.2 0% (33/171) stage I to III cancers. ER-B-CyE was associated with over expression of Her-2 in 22.2% (18/81), Ki-67 in 23.4% (19/81), TIF-2 in 46.5% (38/81) and AIB-1 in 21.0% (17/81). Only cytoplasmic ER-A and ER-B in breast cancer was noted in 3.3% (9/271) and in 8.4% (23/271), respectively. CyE levels in normals and BPD tissues were insignificant. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the potential significance of cytoplasmic ER, particularly ER-B. Proteins translated from single and multiple exon deletion variant transcripts which lack nuclear localization signals may remain in the cytoplasm of breast cancer tissues and contribute to estrogen responses. Further study is in progress to test cytoplasmic expression of various ER isoforms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5652.
PATHOGENIC RELATIONSHIPS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: JASON ARONSON, STEVEN POLGAR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

The authors interviewed 185 individuals at 11 army posts to gather data on performance level of 13 soldiers who developed overtly schizophrenic psychoses after at least one year of service in the army. The level of work performance and the development of overt psychotic symptoms depended on the type of relationship established with significant other persons. Three types of relationships were distinguished: quasitherapeutic, pseudotherapeutic, and contratherapeutic. The quasitherapeutic relationship is one in which the significant other conveyed to the patient a feeling of acceptance as a person and an expectation of behavior in accordance with group norms, i. e., he both provided support and set limits. In the pseudotherapeutic relationship the significant other, who seemed to obtain some gratification from having the patient dependent upon him, provided solely support. Rigid expectations of work performance without any emotional support was characteristic of the significant other in the contratherapeutic relationship. Information from those who knew him indicated that the patient did adequate, sometimes even outstanding work in the quasitherapeutic relationship. This relationship was disrupted when either the patient or the significant other was transferred to another post. In the pseudotherapeutic relationship the patient continually made greater demands for support and his work preformance progressively deteriorated. In the contratherapeutic relationship the patient rapidly developed overtly psychotic symptoms. Both the pseudotherapeutic and contratherapeutic relationships led to hospitalization. It has been pointed out by a number of authors (Nathan Ackerman, Gregory Bateson, Don Jackson, Adelaide Johnson, Erich Lindemann, and Stanley Szurek) that deviant behavior of an individual may represent psychopathology of the family group. The data gathered in this study indicate that groups other than the family can be pathogenic. Psychiatric attention to the family of a patient has both contributed to understanding of the development of psychopathology and led to new therapeutic methods. Extending this interest to the patient's relationships in his work and social groups may produce similar results.
Rates of exception reporting need to be addressed
Authors: John S Corcoran
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Fatigue is a common symptom among people living with HIV (PLWH). It has a substantial adverse impact on functional status and the ability to conduct activities of daily living. Identifying effective strategies to prevent or reduce fatigue is significant to promote the quality of life of this vulnerable population. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the non-pharmacological evidence and assess the effects of interventions on reducing HIV-related fatigue among PLWH. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will comprehensively search literature available up to 30 June 2020, in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO. The reference list of selected studies and relevant published reviews will also be screened to retrieve potential articles. Two reviewers will identify the eligible articles, extract data and identify the biases in the selected studies. Any disagreements will be referred to a third reviewer. We will qualitatively synthesise the evidence and pool data with meta-analysis according to the heterogeneity of different studies. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This systematic review will not raise any ethical issues since it is a secondary data collection and analysis. The results will inform effective strategies to reduce fatigue among PLWH. The final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and academic conferences. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42020153715.
Eating disorders in adolescents with IDDM: A controlled study
Authors: Robert C Peveler, Christopher G Fairburn, Irene Boller, David Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of clinical eating disorders and lesser degrees of disturbed eating in adolescents with IDDM and a matched sample of nondiabetic control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of eating habits and attitudes conducted in 76 adolescents with IDDM, and age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects. Eating disorder features were assessed by standardized research interview adapted for use with patients with diabetes (EDE). Glycemic control was assessed by GHb assay. RESULTS Adolescent girls with IDDM were heavier than nondiabetic female control subjects and were dieting more intensively to control their shape and weight. However, clinical eating disorders were no more common among adolescent girls with IDDM than among nondiabetic control subjects. Nine percent of the IDDM girls met diagnostic criteria for an operational version of “Eating disorder not otherwise specified.” Fifteen percent had omitted or reduced their dose of insulin to influence their shape and weight. Eating disorder features and insulin misuse for shape and weight control were not found in IDDM or nondiabetic boys, and these two groups did not differ in their body weight. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent girls with IDDM are heavier than their nondiabetic counterparts and diet more intensively to control their shape and weight. Disordered eating habits and weight control behavior are common, but no more so in IDDM than in nondiabetic subjects. Insulin misuse for the purpose of shape and weight control is not restricted to subjects with a clinical eating disorder. Disordered eating is associated with impaired glycemic control.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Report by a Working Party for the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee
Authors: V. Mani, K. Cartwright, J. Dooley, E. Swarbrick, P. Fairclough, C. Oakley
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

- Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for endoscopic procedures if the patient is at high risk of endocarditis or of symptomatic bacteraemia as a consequence of immunosuppression or neutropenia. In most circumstances parenteral amoxycillin and gentamicin are recommended. The addition of parenteral metronidazole is recommended in patients with neutropenia. Vancomycin or teicoplanin are recommended in patients allergic to penicillin.
Psychiatric disorders after surgery for duodenal ulcer
Authors: M. C. Mason, C. G. Clark
Journal: Gut (1970)

A prospective trial was conducted to determine the relationship between personality type and the results of surgery for peptic ulcer. Previous investigations had suggested that patients with an obsessional personality fared less well than those who were not obsessional. However, although there was a high incidence of psychiatric disorders in these surgical patients no significant difference was found between the two groups. It was concluded that classifying patients as obsessional and non-obsessional did not have any bearing on the outcome of operation.
Sleep-disordered breathing in high-altitude Peruvian communities
Authors: Adi Rattner, Noah G Schwartz, Rafael S Arias, Robert H Gilman, Alan R Schwartz, David Danz, J Jaime Miranda, William Checkley
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a highly prevalent disorder with major consequences for cardiopulmonary health, public safety, use of health-care, and mortality. Hypoxia is a known risk factor for SDB, yet the prevalence and effect of SDB in high-altitude settings remain largely unknown.MethodsThe CRONICAS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of non-communicable diseases in an age-stratified and sex-stratified random sample of more than 3000 Peruvian adults (≥35 years), including more than 1000 individuals residing at high altitude. Participants were surveyed for sociodemographics, anthropometry, spirometry, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers beginning in September, 2010. We recruited a convenience sample of 127 participants living at high altitute (3825 m) for home-based nocturnal physiological recordings including respiratory effort, air flow, oxyhaemoglobin saturation, and actigraphy. We estimated the prevalence of SDB and examined its associations with traditional risk factors and non-communicable diseases.FindingsOur sample was middle-aged (mean 57·2 years [SD 12·2]), 55·1% were men, and the mean body-mass index (BMI) was 27·3 kg/m2 (SD 4·1). Most participants were urban residents (112 of 127, 88·2%). We identified several nocturnal respiratory phenotypes, including obstructive sleep apnoea (48 of 127, 37·8%), central sleep apnoea (21, 16·5%), mixed sleep apnoea (three, 2·4%), and substantial isolated oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during sleep (two, 1·6%), wakefulness (two, 1·6%), and normal nocturnal breathing (51, 40·2%). The overall prevalence of SDB was 56·7% (72 of 127). SDB was significantly associated with older age (p=0·042, test for trend in odds), male sex (OR 2·29, 95% CI 1·05–4·99, p=0·023), and rural residence (5·84, 1·22 −55·04, p=0·013). SDB was not significantly associated with BMI, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or depression.InterpretationWe noted a high prevalence of SDB in the high-altitude sample, encompassing several distinct phenotypes. SDB was associated with age, male sex, and rural residence, but not BMI or chronic diseases. This pilot study shows the feasibility of home-based nocturnal recordings in this setting, and will guide further investigation in larger representative samples.FundingNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (HHSN268200900033C); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Dean's Funding; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Global Health Scholarship; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Scholarship; and Discovery Innovation Fund.
Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies
Authors: Jay M. Arena
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This fifth edition is a timely and welcome one because of recent management changes in the treatment of acute poisoning. The routine use of syrup of ipecac as the primary household emetic has been supplanted by immediately calling the Poison Control Center, which may then recommend ipecac or, more likely, other measures and actions. General management of poisoning and overdoses is more important than the use of specific antidotes. Nevertheless, important antidotes or antagonists are still useful and recommended for special situations. Each chapter ends with an in-depth discussion of the relevant antidotes for the particular type of poison. I particularly enjoyed the historical account of the "birth" of the Poison Control Center concept and movement, since I was a member of the first Accident Prevention Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics when it made the survey of its 3000 members in 1952 seeking the most prevalent childhood accident.
ANOXIA IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND INDICATIONS FOR OXYGEN THERAPY
Authors: Craig W. Borden
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Oxygen therapy has been widely employed in the management of patients with coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction because it has been reputed to relieve pain.<sup>1</sup>Thrombosis of a coronary artery leads to necrosis of the myocardium in the area supplied by this vessel. Adjacent to the necrotic muscle is viable but ischemic muscle, which gives rise to pain and represents a threat to the patient in that it, too, may undergo necrosis or give rise to ventricular fibrillation. One of the logical aims of therapy of myocardial infarction is to provide a more adequate supply of oxygen to the ischemic muscle until collateral circulation can develop. The inhalation of oxygen may accomplish this aim by increasing the oxygen content of the arterial blood so that each unit of blood carries more oxygen to the anoxic tissue. Oxygen therapy is also used to relieve dyspnea in myocardial infarction and to
Dispatches: Living with AIDS
Authors: Joanna Busza
Journal: BMJ (2005)

S orious Samura, a journalist from Sierra Leone, set out to examine Africans' experience of the HIV epidemic by working as an orderly in a Zambian hospital and living with a local family with two HIV positive members. In this Dispatches programme he recorded his conversations and interactions with the ordinary men and women coping with Africa's greatest current challenge. Sorious interspersed the vignettes and interviews with his own video commentary in the form of a diary, which was thoughtful and provocative without drawing attention from the people he followed.

The first part of the programme chronicled a hospital at the front line of AIDS, struggling with shortages and understaffing. The camera did not shy away from the blood, vomit, and tears accompanying each death. These …
Megavitamin Therapy-Reply
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I disagree with Dr Sackler that my piece on megavitamins was an ad hominem attack on Dr Linus Pauling and that I practiced "guilt by association." Ad hominem refers to a personal attack. My criticism was impersonal and directed towards Pauling's statements in the scientific literature. I did not "link Pauling's name" with that of J. I. Rodale; I quoted both of them as theorizing that massive doses of vitamins penetrate physiological barriers. In neither case were these speculations accompanied by experimental evidence. I did indeed mention Pauling's namein close context with the National Health Federation, but this association is tangible. Pauling appeared on behalf of the National Health Federation at the hearings that I attended on Bill S2801 before Senator Kennedy on Aug 14, 1974. Pauling was introduced to Kennedy's committee on that occasion in a flowery address by Clinton Miller, the legislative advocate for the National
Linking Geospatial Information With Asthma Morbidity Across An Urban International Border
Authors: H.J. Krouse, J. Booza, A. Grgicak-Mannion, R.J. Krajenta, L. Lamerato, L.D. Lemke, D.M. Raymond, J.J. Reiners, X. Xu, P. Villeneuve, L.S. Weglicki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
STUDIES ON THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE “RHEUMATOID FACTOR”
Authors: H. G. Kunkel, E. C. Franklin, H. J. Muller-Eberhard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Considerable evidence has been accumulated which indicates that a large proportion of the sera from patients with  arthritis contains a factor which has the property of agglutinating particulate bodies such as red blood cells or latex particles when they are coated with -y-globulin or antibodies. Some of these reactions have been employed as diagnostic procedures and the factor or group of factors involved has been termed the rheumatoid  A number of observations (1, 2) have demonstrated that the  factor is a y-globulin with the solubility properties of a euglobulin. More recently, ultracentrifuge experiments (3, 4) have indicated that the  factor is a high molecular weight -y-globulin that exists in serum and plasma in the form of a complex. This complex can be visualized directly by means of the analytical ultracentrifuge in whole serum and in -y-globulin and euglobulin fractions and has a corrected sedimentation rate (s rate) of approximately 22S. Previous studies (4, 5) on the dissociation of the 22S complex by means of acid and urea have demonstrated that it is composed of two major constituents, one a 7S component and'the other 19S. The latter was found to be highly active by the serological reactions for  factor. The  factor thus appeared to belong to the 19S class of y-globulins which is known to include certain antibodies as well as the Waldenstrom type macroglobulins (6, 7).