tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with IgG4-related disease
Authors: Jun Kojima, Hiromichi Hara, Takanori Numata, Kenichiro Shimizu, Makoto Kawaishi, Keisuke Saito, Jun Araya, Yumi Kaneko, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary surfactant-derived lipoproteins accumulation within alveolar spaces. PAP has been classified in 3 forms: autoimmune, secondary and unclassified. Until now, there has been no report supporting the association between secondary PAP(SPAP) and IgG4-related disease.

Here, we report a first case of SPAP associated with IgG4-related disease. A 61 year old man of Indian ethnicity complained of shortness of breath. CT scan demonstrated diffuse ground-grass opacities in the lung, and cervical, mediastinum, axilla and inguinal lymphnode enlargement. Serum IgG4 concentration was elevated. IgG4-related disease was diagnosed by immunohistochemical findings of inguinal lymphnode that revealed the increase of IgG4-positive cells. SPAP was diagnosed by pathological findings of the transbronchial lung biopsy revealing the accumulation of eosinophilic amorphous material in the alveoli. Autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in sera were below the sensitivity. These results confirmed the diagnosis of SPAP. Bronchoalveolar lavage of the right upper lobe was performed, which resulted in the improvement of the lung lesion. Seven months after the diagnosis, he had acute interstitial nephritis which was suspected IgG4-related kidney disease. After steroid treatment, the renal function and the lung lesion were improved. We reached a diagnosis of SPAP associated with IgG4-related disease.
A repeat audit of computed tomography scanning prior to fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Alexandra Ewence, Timothy Ho, John Seymour
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction and Aims:  United Kingdom (UK) guidance recommends computed tomography (CT) imaging prior to fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Previous audits showed that we did not meet this standard in all cases. We conducted a further audit to see whether the rate of CT scanning prior to bronchoscopy had increased.  Methods:  Cases of non-small cell (NSC) and small cell (SC) lung cancer referred to a district general hospital multidisciplinary lung meeting were analyzed retrospectively over a six-month period in 2012. Whether patients had a CT scan prior to bronchoscopy was recorded, as was whether the procedure resulted in a lung cancer diagnosis. Scans were reviewed to assess whether a lesion was likely to be visible at bronchoscopy.  Results:  84 cases were reviewed; 58 (69%) patients had a diagnosis of NSC or SC lung cancer. 31% of NSC and SC patients underwent bronchoscopy compared to 32% in 2010 and 60% in 2008. CT scanning was performed prior to bronchoscopy in 100% of patients, compared to 86% in 2010 and 68% in 2008. There were fewer non-diagnostic procedures (22%) compared to 2010 (46%) and 2008 (26%). The positive predictive value of CT for diagnosing cancer at bronchoscopy was 86%, similar to previous audit periods.  Conclusions:  In a repeat audit of lung cancer patients who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy in a UK district general hospital CT scans were completed pre-procedure in all cases. Fewer bronchoscopies were performed in later audit periods and there were fewer non-diagnostic procedures in the 2012 audit period suggesting that universal CT scanning prior to bronchoscopy may have led to better patient selection for bronchoscopy.
Analysis of Antigenic Heterogeneity Within Individual 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Mouse Sarcomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R T Prehn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Analysis of Antigenic Heterogeneity Within Individual 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Mouse Sarcomas Get access Richmond T. Prehn Richmond T. Prehn The Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 5, November 1970, Pages 1039–1045, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/45.5.1039 Published: 01 November 1970 Article history Received: 05 August 1970 Accepted: 10 August 1970 Published: 01 November 1970
Malignant Breast Tumors Among Atomic Bomb Survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950–1974
Authors: Masayoshi Tokunaga, James E. Norman, Masahide Asano, Shoji Tokuoka, Haruo Ezaki, Issei Nishimori, Yasukuni Tsuji
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

For 1950-74, 360 cases of malignant breast tumors were identified among the 63,000 females of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation's (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) Extended Life-Span Study sample of survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; 288 of these females were residing in one of these two cities at the time of bombing (ATB). Two-thirds of all cases were classified as breast cancers on the basis of microscopic review of slides, and 108 cases received an estimated breast tissue dose of at least 10 rads. The number of cases of radiogenic breast cancer could be well estimated by a linear function of radiation dose for tissue doses below 200 rads. Excess risk estimates, based on this function, for women 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, and 50 years old or older ATB were 7.3, 4.2, 2.6, and 4.7 cases per million women per year per rad, respectively. Women irradiated in their forties showed no dose effect. Among all women who received at least 10 rads, those irradiated before age 20 years will have experienced the highest rates of breast cancer throughout their lifetimes. Separate excess risk estimates for Hiroshima and Nagasaki did not differ significantly, which indicates that for radiogenic breast cancer the effects of neutrons (emitted only in the Hiroshima explosion) and gamma radiation were about equal. Radiation did not reduce the latency period for the development of breast cancer, which was at least 10 years. The distribution of histologic types of cancers did not vary significantly with radiation dose. The data suggested that irradiation prior to menarche conferred a greater risk than irradiation after menarche.
Acute renal failure associated with vancomycin and β-lactams for the treatment of osteomyelitis in diabetics: piperacillin–tazobactam as compared with cefepime
Authors: R.P. Moenster, T.W. Linneman, P.M. Finnegan, S. Hand, Z. Thomas, J.R. McDonald
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Does Histologic Grade Have a Role in the Management of Head and Neck Cancers?
Authors: André Fortin, Christian Couture, René Doucet, Michele Albert, Josée Allard, Bernard Tetu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

High histologic grade is usually associated with a greater propensity to distant metastases (DM). Its role to predict DM in head and neck cancer is not yet defined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of histologic grade as an independent predictor of DM and to determine a subgroup of patients who may benefit from systemic chemotherapy.This is a retrospective study of 1,266 consecutive patients treated by definitive or postoperative radiotherapy between 1989 and 1997. All patients received at least 50 Gy. All stages and subsites of head/neck were included. DM rates were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method with a subsequent Cox analysis.There is a strong correlation of grade with N stage (P <.000001). The metastases-free survival (MFS) was 98%, 90%, and 72% for grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P <.000001). In patients with N0 stage, MFS is always greater than 90%, whatever the grade. In the 222 N1 patients, MFS was more than 90% in grade 1 and 2 but dropped to 75% for grade 3 (P =.001). In patients with N2 and N3, MFS was 91%, 79%, and 59% for grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P =.008). The same conclusion is applicable when only patients with neck control are analyzed. In a Cox model, grade was an independent predictor of DM (P =.000001) as well as T stage (P =.003), N stage (P =.000001), and neck failure (P =.0003). Higher grade was also an independent predictor of survival (P =.02).Patients with histologic grade 1 and grade 2 (except N3) are at low risk of DM. Patients with grade 2 and N3 or patients with grade 3 and N1 to N3 have a higher risk of distant metastases and should be considered for systemic treatment.
Small bowel transplantation in the UK
Authors: S J Middleton, N V Jamieson
Journal: Gut (2006)

Dr Gupte et al conclude that our article “does not acknowledge the contribution of the paediatric experience in this developing field” ( Gut 2006; 55 :903). None the less, our article does outline the development of small intestinal transplantation internationally for both adults and paediatrics and includes all of the paediatric outcome data submitted to the international registry, …
Outcomes and management strategies for graft failure after umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Harshabad Singh, Sarah Nikiforow, Shuli Li, Karen K. Ballen, Thomas R. Spitzer, Robert Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Corey Cutler, Yi‐Bin Chen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Graft failure is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Graft failure is more prevalent after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) compared with conventional adult stem cell sources. We identified 21 consecutive patients who experienced graft failure after UCBT at our center between 2004 and 2013 and describe their treatment strategies and outcomes. Two patients experienced early death. Seven patients had return of autologous hematopoiesis including 1 patient who was given previously collected autologous stem cells. Twelve patients received a second early HSCT, six from separate UCB units and six from a haploidentical donor. With a median follow-up of 33.2 months for surviving patients, 3-year PFS is 23% and 3-year OS is 37%. Of the six long-term survivors without relapse, four received a second HSCT from a haploidentical donor with post-HSCT high-dose cyclophosphamide based GVHD prophylaxis. This strategy appears safe and merits further investigation in this setting.
Impact of bone marrow mononuclear cell administration route on lung and distal organs in pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury
Authors: Indianara Araujo, Soraia Abreu, Johnatas Silva, Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez, Milena Oliveira, Edson Assis, Hugo Faria-Neto, Vera Capelozzi, Marcelo Morales, Paolo Pelosi, Patricia Rocco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) differs according to the type of insult. We hypothesized that the administration route of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMC) therapy might have different effects on lung and distal organs in models of pulmonary (p) or extrapulmonary (exp) ALI. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice: 36 females and 12 males (20-25 g) were used. In control animals, sterile saline solution was intratracheally or intraperitoneally injected. whereas ALI animals received  Escherichia coli  lipopolysaccharide intratracheally (40 μg, ALIp) or intraperitoneally (400 μg, ALIexp). Six hours after lipopolysaccharide administration, ALIp and ALIexp animals were further randomized into subgroups receiving saline or BMDMC (2×10 6 ) intravenously (BMDMC  iv ) or intratracheally (BMDMC  it ). At day 7: 1) BMDMC  iv  and  it  decreased static elastance, alveolar collapse, collagen fiber content, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity; 2) BMDMC  it  increased the number of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ cells in lung in ALIp, while BMDMC  iv  increased GFP+ cells in kidney and liver in ALIexp; 3) BMDMC  it  induced greater reduction of lung apoptotic cells in ALIp, while BMDMC  iv  decreased lung, kidney and liver apoptosis in ALIexp; 4) BMDMC  iv  resulted in greater reduction in interleukin (IL)-6, KC (murine IL-8 homolog), and IL-10 compared to BMDMC  it ; 5) the beneficial effects of BMDMC were independent of engraftment. In conclusion, BMDMC therapy was effective in modulating the inflammatory and fibrogenic process in both models, but greater beneficial effects were achieved with BMDMC  iv .  Supported by: FAPERJ, PRONEX, CNPq, CAPES
Susceptibility of Mammary Tumor Cells to Complement-Mediated Cytolysis After In Vitro or In Vivo Fatty Acid Manipulation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kent L. Erickson, Imad K. Thomas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The susceptibility of line 168 murine mammary tumor cells to complement (C)-mediated lysis was tested after in vitro treatment with several saturated or unsaturated fatty acids dissolved in different solvents or presented in the form of micelles to the cells. The lytic susceptibility of these cultured cells was compared with similar tumor cells obtained either from mice maintained on diets containing different concentrations and saturations of fatty acids or from cultures supplemented with serum from tumor-free control mice fed pair-matched diets. Although changes in dietary fat concentration and saturation resulted in alterations of the tumor cell fatty acid composition, those alterations did not influence the susceptibility of tumor cells to C-mediated lysis. However, single, or combinations of, unsaturated fatty acids dissolved in ethanol, unlike saturated fatty acids, reduced the lytic susceptibility of tumor cells in vitro. Hexane added to culture medium significantly suppressed the lytic susceptibility; however, when used as a carrier no significant differences were observed among treatments with the individual fatty acids at several concentrations. This result may be due to the effect of hexane on the cell membrane because this treatment also affected the osmotic fragility of the cells. Fatty acids as micelles did not influence the susceptibility of tumor cells to lysis. We concluded that only in vitro manipulation of fatty acids in some vehicles influenced the susceptibility of target tumor cells to C-mediated lysis; this finding did not parallel the situation that occurred in vivo. Moreover, the use of different vehicles to present fatty acids to tumor cells may further alter the susceptibility to C-mediated lysis.
Comparison of treatment practices for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Japan, Europe, and United States
Authors: Jakko van Ingen, Jennifer Adjemian, Kozo Morimoto, Dirk Wagner, Christoph Lange, Charles Haworth, Jack Gallagher, D. Rebecca Prevots, Renu Gupta, David Griffith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  Recent data from the United States (US) suggest limited adherence to 3-drug regimen guidelines to treat nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD) patients (pts) with  Mycobacterium  avium  complex (MAC). We performed chart audits to evaluate whether clinicians in Europe and Japan adhere to the guidelines.   Methods:  Representative samples of physicians from Japan and 5 countries in Europe (EU5: United Kingdom [UK], France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) extracted treatment information from records of NTMPD pts with a confirmed diagnosis of MAC or  M. abscessus . Treatment patterns in EU5 and Japan were compared to published US data.   Results:  In the EU5 and Japan, 619 qualified physicians with NTMPD pts completed questionnaires on 1,429 patient cases; the US study included 349 physicians with 915 patient cases. MAC (∼80%) was the predominant species in all countries. Pts in Japan presented mostly with mild symptoms; elsewhere patients presented with moderate symptoms. Treatment for MAC with a recommended 3-drug macrolide regimen for ≥6 months was highest in Japan (50%), similar in US (24%) and UK (22%), and    Conclusions:  Guidance-compliant treatment regimen was highest in Japan. Further investigation is warranted to address critical gaps in appropriate treatment practices.
Role of Natural Killer Cells in the Destruction of Circulating Tumor Emboli23
Authors: Nabil Hanna, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

A close correlation was demonstrated between levels of host natural cytotoxic (NC) and/or natural killer (NK) cell activity and capacity to eliminate blood-borne tumor cells. The outcome of experimental metastasis of several tumors with defined biologic behavior was studied in syngeneic mice exhibiting low NK cell activity [3-wk-old normal mice and cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated adult mice] and high NK cell activity (normal adult mice). An iv injection of metastatic tumor cells into 3-week-old or Cy-treated mice markedly enhanced experimental pulmonary metastasis. The increased incidence of metastasis in mice exhibiting low activity of NK cells was not due to enhanced tumor cell arrest in the lung but rather to increased tumor cell survival. Boosting the NK activity of 3-week-old, but not Cy-treated, mice with interferon inducers inhibited metastasis formation. The adoptive transfer of spleen cells from syngeneic mice or allogeneic nude mice that have high NK activity shortly before (but not after) iv tumor challenge abrogated the Cy-induced enhancement of metastasis. The reactive lymphoid cells were non-T, nonadherent to nylon wool, sensitive to Cy treatment, and endowed with a natural ability to kill tumor cells during a short (12–24 hr) period. The conclusions were that NC-NK cells are important in host defense against circulating tumor cells and therefore can prevent the development of tumor cells into metastases.
Quantitative CT in COPD MAP: Emphysema and small airways disease independently contribute to FEV1
Authors: Ruth Hartley, Bethan Barker, Karen Edwards, Joanne Finch, Maria Shelley, Sarah Parker, Mini Pakkal, Mona Bafadhel, Sumit Gupta, Christopher Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Quantitative CT can describe COPD heterogeneity; Percentile 15(perc15) describes emphysema, Mean Lung DensityE/I (MLD E/I) is a surrogate measure of small airways disease and Percentage Wall Area(%WA) reflects bronchial wall thickness. We hypothesised that CT measures independently influence disease severity defined by FEV1%predicted (FEV1%)

Methods: All patients had a full inspiratory/expiratory CT and pulmonary function tests. Associations between CT parameters and lung function were explored.

Results: 65 patients; 68% were male, with mean(SEM) age 68(1), FEV1% 52(2)% and FEV1/FVC ratio 51(1)%. Significant correlations (p<0.0001) were observed between MLD E/I and RV% predicted (r=0.47), FRC% (r=0.491), FEV1% (r=-0.66) and FEV1/FVC ratio (r=-0.52). There were also significant correlations between Perc15 and RV% (r=-0.35,p=0.008), FRC% (r=-0.37, p=0.003), FEV1% (r=0.41, p=0.001), FEV1FVC ratio (r=0.51, p<0.0001) and KCO% (r=0.42, p=0.001). There were no significant correlations between %WA in RB1 and lung function measures. Standard multiple regression was performed with FEV1% as the dependent variable and MLD E/I and perc15 as independent variables. The model showed no violation of multicollinearity or homoscedasticity. MLD E/I and perc15 explained 36% of the variance in FEV1%. MLD E/I made the largest unique contribution (beta=-0.45, p<0.001), although perc15 also made a statistically significant contribution (beta=0.30, p=0.008).

Conclusions: Emphysema and small airway measures independently contribute to disease severity defined by FEV1%, with small airways measures (MLD E/I) having a larger role.
Case/control study of the role of splenectomy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: J F Seymour, J D Cusack, S A Lerner, R E Pollock, M J Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE This retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate critically the morbidity and mortality of splenectomy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to determine the probability of hematologic response. Further, using a case/control format based on multivariate analysis-derived predictors of survival, we evaluated the influence of splenectomy on survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1971 and 1993, 55 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia underwent splenectomy. They were compared with 55 fludarabine-treated patients who had been matched for age, serum albumin level, sex, hemoglobin level, Rai stage, number of prior therapies, and time from diagnosis. RESULTS In the perioperative period, blood-product usage was modest, and common morbidities were limited to minor infections in 18% of the patients and pneumonia/atelectasis in 25%. Perioperative mortality was 9%. Deaths were related to septic complications in all cases and associated with a preoperative performance status &gt; or = 2 (P = .05). The only predictor identified for hemoglobin and neutrophil increments was spleen weight (P &lt; .05). No factors predictive of platelet increment were identified. The early death rate (within 30 days) and overall survival of splenectomy and control patients were not significantly different (P &gt; .2). Among Rai stage IV patients, those who were splenectomized displayed a strong trend for improved overall survival (P = .15 by log-rank test). The 2-year actuarial survival rate of Rai stage IV patients was 51% +/- 9% in the splenectomy group and 28% +/- 9% in the control group. CONCLUSION Splenectomy can be performed with modest morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia and significant cytopenias. The procedure results in major hematologic benefits in most patients, with hemoglobin and neutrophil increments correlated with spleen weight. Overall, the survival of splenectomized patients is equivalent to control patients. Thrombocytopenic patients (&lt; 100 x 10(9)/L) are most likely to obtain hematologic benefit, and potentially enjoy improved survival. These patients would be suitable for a randomized study to establish definitively the role of splenectomy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Endogenous Airway Acidification
Authors: JOHN F. HUNT, KEZHONG FANG, RAJESH MALIK, ASHLEY SNYDER, NEIL MALHOTRA, THOMAS A. E. PLATTS-MILLS, BENJAMIN GASTON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Airway concentrations of many reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are high in asthma. The stability and bioactivities of these species are pH-dependent; however, the pH of the airway during acute asthma has not previously been studied. As with gastric and urinary acidification, asthmatic airway acidification could be expected dramatically to alter the concentrations and bioactivities/cytotoxicities of endogenous nitrogen oxides. Here, we demonstrate that the pH of deaerated exhaled airway vapor condensate is over two log orders lower in patients with acute asthma (5.23 ± 0.21, n = 22) than in control subjects (7.65 ± 0.20, n = 19, p < 0.001) and normalizes with corticosteroid therapy. Values are highly reproducible, unaffected by salivary or therapeutic artifact, and identical to samples taken directly from the lower airway. Further, at these low pH values, the endogenous airway compound, nitrite, is converted to nitric oxide (NO) in quantities sufficient largely to account for the concentrations of NO in asthmatic expired air, and eosinophils undergo accelerated necrosis. We speculate that airway pH may be an important determinant of expired NO concentration and airway inflammation, and suggest that regulation of airway pH has a previously unsuspected role in asthma pathophysiology. Hunt JF, Fang K, Malik R, Snyder A, Malhotra N, Platts-Mills TAE, Gaston B. Endogenous airway acidification: implications for asthma pathophysiology.