tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SELECTIVE NECROSIS OF CARDIAC AND SKELETAL MUSCLE INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY BY MEANS OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME SOLUTIONS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY
Authors: Aaron Kellner, Theodore Robertson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Focal necrosis of cardiac and skeletal muscle was produced regularly in rabbits by means of a single intravenous or intra-arterial injection of a solution of crude papain. Similar lesions were produced in rats and mice injected with this material. The intravenous injection of solutions of ficin, trypsin, and streptokinase also resulted in comparable lesions of cardiac and skeletal muscle in rabbits. The lesions in the myocardium became apparent within 6 hours after injection of the enzyme; they consisted essentially of focal degeneration and necrosis of the sarcoplasm and myofibrils within a segment of muscle fiber. An inflammatory reaction consisting of a small number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and considerable numbers of mononuclear cells, and often multi-nucleated giant cells, was present within the lesions. In some instances severely damaged fibers were replaced by fibrous tissue and in others proliferation of muscle cell nuclei and restitution of the fiber appeared to take place. Similar changes of a lesser degree were also observed in skeletal muscle. The findings are discussed in connection with the pathogenesis of the anatomical lesions of rheumatic fever, periarteritis nodosa, and other hypersensitivity states.
THE ALBUMINURIA OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: C. Dukes
Journal: BMJ (1905)

November 24th he had actually lost consciousness for a few seconds.;The pulse-rate was 34 a minute, increasing on exertion to 37; there.was a systolic bruit, heard best in the aortic area.Three days later he consulted me again, saying he had had repeated attacks of giddiness.I found that his heart intermitted at intervals, had a rate of 32 per minute.and that during the periods of intermission ne manifested symptoms of syncopal giddiness.On. November 30th I saw him in consultation with Dr. Alexander Morison.We found the pulse-rate had dropped J.-,
Missed problems and missed opportunities for addicted doctors
Authors: J. Strang, M. Wilks, B. Wells, J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Every few days another addicted doctor comes to light in Britain. A report from an alliance of health professional bodies, led by the British Medical Association and published last month,1 highlights the risk posed by such doctors to the general public and calls for better preventive education and awareness. It fails, however, to prioritise the need for improved treatment for addicted doctors.2 This need arises from the special problems facing addicted doctors compared with other addicts and their special treatment needs, which ordinary addiction services do not serve well.

Doctors are at special risk of developing addiction problems,3 4 5 owing to the strain of medical practice, erosion of the taboo against injecting and opiates, and, particularly, access to supplies.6 Once addicted, they pose a particular risk to the general public, forcing consideration of whether they need urgent removal from their work. Ordinarily, many patients with drug or alcohol problems receive outpatient treatment while continuing to work, but the same level of disability may be incompatible with medical practice. In addition, since most doctors who become addicted to drugs …
Antitumor activity of sorafenib in FLT3-driven leukemic cells
Authors: D Auclair, D Miller, V Yatsula, W Pickett, C Carter, Y Chang, X Zhang, D Wilkie, A Burd, H Shi, S Rocks, R Gedrich, L Abriola, H Vasavada, M Lynch, J Dumas, P A Trail, S M Wilhelm
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Randomized Study on Early Detection of Lung Cancer with MSCT in Germany: Results of the First 3 Years of Follow-up After Randomization
Authors: N. Becker, E. Motsch, M.-L. Gross, A. Eigentopf, C.P. Heussel, H. Dienemann, P.A. Schnabel, M. Eichinger, D.-E. Optazaite, M. Puderbach, M. Wielpütz, H.-U. Kauczor, J. Tremper, S. Delorme
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis and hearing problems
Authors: M.-L. Barrenas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

results of treatment between units.However, before such comparative studies can be undertaken it will be essential to ensure inclusion of all patients and to have robust methods of data validation.The research on which this article is based was funded by the Hue Falwasser fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.The authors thank all the consultants who contributed patients to the study and the data collection
Therapy in Chronic Bronchitis and Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Richard V. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PROPER THERAPY for chronic pulmonary emphysema is dependent on a clear understanding of the pathological picture of the disease and the mechanisms by which it produces the symptoms. Microscopic examination reveals that the alveoli, so essential for diffusion of gases between the inspired air and the pulmonary capillary blood, are destroyed and replaced by large air-containing spaces which function less effectively in the exchange of gases. The characteristic symptoms of pulmonary emphysema are chronic cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. Physiological studies reveal evidence of obstruction to expiratory air flow. The diagnosis of destructive pulmonary emphysema during the patient's life is somewhat difficult because the clinical picture may be identical to that of allergic bronchial asthma or chronic bronchitis. Physical findings, roentgenographic examination, and a study of pulmonary function may not aid in differentiating among these entities, though a careful clinical history usually permits the identification of allergic bronchial asthma
New Fishbein Fellow
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Bruce B. Dan, MD, has been chosen the fifth recipient of the Dr Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Journalism at the American Medical Association. The one-year fellowship begins this month. Dan completed a two-year stint as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta last month. He had served as deputy chief of the Toxic Shock Syndrome Task Force. A 1968 graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Mass, Dan received a bachelor's degree in space systems engineering and did graduate work in that field at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind, and at MIT before turning to medicine. He received his MD degree from Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, in 1974. Dan remained in Nashville to serve his internship and residency in internal medicine at Vanderbilt University Hospital. Now board-certified in internal medicine, he has completed two post-doctoral fellowships: in computerized medicine
Echocardiography of Left Atrial Wall
Authors: Lewis Sasse
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CARDIAC echocardiography has many clinical uses. The normal movement of the posterior left atrial wall in sinus rhythm has been described, but there is little published information about left atrial wall movement in atrial arrhythmias.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 64-year-old man with a ventricular rhythm of 125 beats per minute had an electrocardiographic rhythm strip that did not show definitive atrial activity. The echocardiogram showed presystolic 1-cm anterior movements of the posterior left atrial wall at a rate of 250/min (twice the rate of the simultaneously recorded QRS complexes [Fig 1]). After cardioversion with 30 Watt-seconds of energy, presystolic 1-cm anterior movements of the posterior left atrial wall at a rate of 60 beats per minute, equal to that of the simultaneously recorded QRS complexes, were demonstrated (Fig 2). Posterior left atrial wall echocardiography can be used in the diagnosis of arrhythmias especially in cases in which electrocardiography
Designing Equitable Antiretroviral Allocation Strategies in Resource-Constrained Countries
Authors: David P Wilson, Sally M Blower
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Recently, a global commitment has been made to expand access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the developing world. However, in many resource-constrained countries the number of individuals infected with HIV in need of treatment will far exceed the supply of ARVs, and only a limited number of health-care facilities (HCFs) will be available for ARV distribution. Deciding how to allocate the limited supply of ARVs among HCFs will be extremely difficult. Resource allocation decisions can be made on the basis of many epidemiological, ethical, or preferential treatment priority criteria. Methods and Findings Here we use operations research techniques, and we show how to determine the optimal strategy for allocating ARVs among HCFs in order to satisfy the equitable criterion that each individual infected with HIV has an equal chance of receiving ARVs. We present a novel spatial mathematical model that includes heterogeneity in treatment accessibility. We show how to use our theoretical framework, in conjunction with an equity objective function, to determine an optimal equitable allocation strategy (OEAS) for ARVs in resource-constrained regions. Our equity objective function enables us to apply the egalitarian principle of equity with respect to access to health care. We use data from the detailed ARV rollout plan designed by the government of South Africa to determine an OEAS for the province of KwaZulu–Natal. We determine the OEAS for KwaZulu–Natal, and we then compare this OEAS with two other ARV allocation strategies: (i) allocating ARVs only to Durban (the largest urban city in KwaZulu–Natal province) and (ii) allocating ARVs equally to all available HCFs. In addition, we compare the OEAS to the current allocation plan of the South African government (which is based upon allocating ARVs to 17 HCFs). We show that our OEAS significantly improves equity in treatment accessibility in comparison with these three ARV allocation strategies. We also quantify how the size of the catchment region surrounding each HCF, and the number of HCFs utilized for ARV distribution, alters the OEAS and the probability of achieving equity in treatment accessibility. We calculate that in order to achieve the greatest degree of treatment equity for individuals with HIV in KwaZulu–Natal, the ARVs should be allocated to 54 HCFs and each HCF should serve a catchment region of 40 to 60 km. Conclusion Our OEAS would substantially improve equality in treatment accessibility in comparison with other allocation strategies. Furthermore, our OEAS is extremely different from the currently planned strategy. We suggest that our novel methodology be used to design optimal ARV allocation strategies for resource-constrained countries.
Spectrum of Catechol Amine Biochemistry in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Wilfried von Studnitz, Hans Käser, Albert Sjoerdsma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE report in 1957 by Mason et al.1 of increased excretion of pressor amines in the urine of an infant with neuroblastoma served as an impetus to investigations on the possible secretory nature of the so-called "nonchromaffin" sympathetic tumors. Subsequent studies in patients with ganglioneuroma and particularly neuroblastoma have shown not only elevated levels of norepinephrine in the urine2 but also increased excretion of its metabolites3 4 5 6 7 and biochemical precursors.4 , 6 , 8 , 9 Clinical evidence of excess norepinephrine production by the tumors (that is, hypertension) has been recognized in some cases but by no means uniformly. This suggests either altered vascular responsiveness or predominant . . .
Intestinal Nematodes in the United States
Authors: Daniel S. Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Intestinal nematodes other than pinworms are often thought of in this country as unimportant or novel. Yet, in many low-income rural communities in the Southeast, half or more of the children have infection with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura or both1 2 3 4 5; and in urban areas, immigrants from tropical countries constitute a substantial population with a high prevalence of these and other parasites. In any population in which intestinal nematodes are common, serious morbidity may occur.No data are available on the overall prevalence of intestinal nematode infection in the United States.1 In 1972 Warren6 attempted to update Stoll's7 1947 . . .
Zeroing the Central Venous Pressure Manometer
Authors: Paul E. Rockwell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring of blood volume in the surgical and medical wards will find increased demands with development of cheap, disposable manometers, such as the 24-inch simple needle-catheter which can easily be introduced into the superior vena cava by a nurse-anesthetist, and a leveling instrument such as the one described here, which eliminates the variable which arises when zeroing the manometer level to the superior vena cava. Many methods depend on a chosen spot on the thorax. With movement of the supine patient, the "spot" may be raised or lowered several centimeters. When the measurement from the top of the mattress to the mid-axillary line is made consideration must be given to the fact that the patient's body sinks lower and lower into the mattress. Any measurement using the top of the chest will necessarily vary more than a measurement from the posterior thorax. The
ILLUMINATED EAR SPECULUM
Authors: Frederick A. Kiehle
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The accompanying drawing shows a very satisfactory device for the examination of the ears of patients who are confined to bed. Most physicians are familiar with the difficulties involved in procuring a drop-light and a head mirror in a hospital ward, or the assistance necessary in holding a light and maintaining the proper position of the patient. In the illustration<i>A</i>represents the illuminated ear speculum from an outfit designed for use with portable dry cells and wire attachment. The electric light and the attachment plug, however, have been removed, and the vertical cylinder split into two flanges which will slip down as shown by the dotted line, holding<i>A</i>firmly on<i>B</i>. Within the horizontal cylinder is a mirror fixed obliquely and with a central perforation which throws the light rays from below forward through the speculum and against the tympanum. The fenestration at the side permits of applications
The Renal Function in Disease
Authors: R. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1936)

NEPHRITIS-"ncSf f7 X MEDicAL.TOURNAL ~o the kidneys, and if these are damaged it is safest, in our present state of knowledge, to restrict proteins somewhat.Such restrictions must never be carried to the extreme limits formerly advocated, and two-thirds of a gram per kilogram of body weight may be regarded as a minimum.In the nephrotic type of case a high protein diet is usually indicated.
TCT-715 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With CoreValve For The Treatment Of Severe Aortic Stenosis: Results From A UK Perspective Cost-effectiveness Analysis Using 12 Month Data From The ADVANCE Study
Authors: Stephen Brecker, Stuart Mealing, Amie Padhiar, James N. Eaton, Mark Sculpher, Rachele Busca, Johan Bosmans, Ulrich J. Gerckens, Peter Wenaweser, Corrado Tamburino, Sabine Bleiziffer, Nicolo Piazza, Neil Moat, Axel Linke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
GASTRIC ULCER: NON-PERFORATING— HEMORRHAGE.
Authors: WILLIAM L. RODMAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

One need not believe that gastric ulcer is so common an affection as Ewald<sup>1</sup>claims, before admitting that its treatment is of the greatest importance. Ewald thinks that 5 per cent. of the Germans suffer with ulcer of the stomach, and this estimate is supported by clinical statistics and post-mortem records drawn from various German hospitals. Da Costa<sup>2</sup>and Welch<sup>3</sup>think it less common in America, and in this opinion they are supported by a preponderance of authors and practitioners. When one recalls how constantly the stomach is at work, the great variety of substances taken into it in the form of food and drink—regularly and irregularly— the wonder is that its diseases—resulting in inflammation particularly—are not more frequently encountered. While gastric ulcer was until recently looked on as strictly a medical disease, some of its complications are now generally recognized as beyond the physician's province, and
The structure behind diversity: Covariance networks in hepatitis C virus sequences are associated with treatment response
Authors: Jacob Nattermann, Frank Tacke, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common RNA virus that causes hepatitis and liver cancer. Infection is treated with IFN-α and ribavirin, but this expensive and physically demanding therapy fails in half of patients. The genomic sequences of independent HCV isolates differ by approximately 10%, but the effects of this variation on the response to therapy are unknown. To address this question, we analyzed amino acid covariance within the full viral coding region of pretherapy HCV sequences from 94 participants in the Viral Resistance to Antiviral Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C (Virahep-C) clinical study. Covarying positions were common and linked together into networks that differed by response to therapy. There were 3-fold more hydrophobic amino acid pairs in HCV from nonresponding patients, and these hydrophobic interactions were predicted to contribute to failure of therapy by stabilizing viral protein complexes. Using our analysis to detect patterns within the networks, we could predict the outcome of therapy with greater than 95% coverage and 100% accuracy, raising the possibility of a prognostic test to reduce therapeutic failures. Furthermore, the hub positions in the networks are attractive antiviral targets because of their genetic linkage with many other positions that we predict would suppress evolution of resistant variants. Finally, covariance network analysis could be applicable to any virus with sufficient genetic variation, including most human RNA viruses.
Expert Medical Testimony
Authors: Albert Tashma
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing with reference to the recent article by Charles D. Aring, MD (236:569, 1976). Dr Aring makes a plea for true objectivity in expert medical testimony and suggests a method by which this can be attained, viz, that physicians refuse to provide expert testimony except in the role of court-appointed (impartial) witnesses. Whether or not this is a viable solution remains to be seen; however, I must express my objections to the editorial reply by the AMA legal counsel (236:592, 1976). If Mr Bergen wishes to question the legality of Dr Aring's suggestions, that is his privilege, but when he extols the virtues of the adversary system as it relates to medical testimony, his comments would be better appreciated by the legal profession. I have been an expert witness for 20 years, and I have learned that the so-called "honest" difference of medical opinion is
THE PROSTATE IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: K. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1931)

HMEDICALTOURNAL'Results obtained fromn Investigation of After-Histories In all but 6 of tlle 100 cases a diagnosiswas made of mitral disease or mitral stenosis.In 57, the larger group, mitral disease with a mitral systolic murmur was diag roseld; As shown in the table, 17, or 29 per cent., 0 C Remarks Mitral (lisease, imiitral 57 17 35 7 vrs. 32 liviing after systolic murmur (29,') (61%,) 6 years Mlitralstenlosis 23 15 6 8 yrs. 1 living after (65%) (26,>) 7 years 1 living after Aortic regurgitation aucd 14 6 6 8 3rs. 2 m11itral steuiosis (43') (43%) Aortic regurgitation, n ol 6 valve disease, con-12O 38 47 5
Propofol infusion in children.
Authors: A. Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to sedate children that have stood the test not only of scientific investigation but also of time.Morphine, barbiturates, and the more recent additions such as fentanyl and alfentanil have all been used in critically ill patients without major problems."As propofol does not have a licence for use as an infusion in children and, at best, scientific investigation suggets that it may be detrimental in critically ill children, it seems mandatorv that this drug is not used routinely for sedating children in intensive therapy units.Cook should realise that if we use drugs before scientific investigation has shown them to be safe we have only ourselves to blame if they are later shown to cause problems.
Gallium-67 Localization in Herpetic Skin Lesion
Authors: ELMO R. ACIO, N BALASUBRAMANIAN, FRANK VIERAS, JAMES J. SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Previous cases of gallium localization in various cutaneous lesions have been reported, including sporotrichosis, acne vulgaris, sarcoid, lymphoma, and exfoliative erythroderma. This is a report of a case of gallium localization in cutaneous lesions of herpes zoster.
Alcohol consumption may influence onset of the menopause
Authors: D. J Torgerson, M. K Campbell, R. E Thomas, D. M Reid
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Patrick McElduff and Annette J Dobson have shown an apparent protective effect of alcohol consumption on coronary events.1 We have reported two studies which seem to show that alcohol consumption is associated with a delay in menopausal development. …
Abstract P5-14-16: Resection of Breast Cancer Liver Metastases: Single Institution Experience
Authors: S Nikolic, Z Tomasevic, M Inic, M Zegarac, G. Pupic
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is considered incurable and systemic treatment is usually given, even when liver metastasis is solitary and the only metastatic site. However, occasionally in selected, for surgery highly motivated patients, liver metastases resection is performed. The definitive disease outcome for those patients is rarely reported. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate outcomes for patients after breast cancer liver metastases resection. Patients and methods From December 2002-March 2010, 36 MBC patients were referred to surgery for liver metastases resection. Median age at MBC was 48 (range 29-71), median DFI from breast cancer diagnosis to metastases development was 36 (0-144 months). Steroid receptor status was positive (defined as ER and or PGR Qucik score ≥4) in 20 primary BC (74%), negative (Quick score&amp;lt;4) in 6 primary BC (22%), and unknown for 7 pts (22.5%). HER2 status was known for 24 pts (77.4%), and was positive (IHC 3+, and CISH+ for HER2 2+) in 5 pts. (21%), and negative in 19 pts (79%) Results Five pts were excluded because metastases in other organ sites were detected. In 3/31 pts who underwent surgery, inoperable multiple, metastases were intra-operatively confirmed despite initial diagnostic procedures indicate solitary lesions. Outcome for those patients is not shown in this analysis. In 3 pts, metastases were ruled out by biopsy during laparatomy. In 25 pts who underwent liver resection median number of liver metastases was 1 (range 1-5), median size 25 mm (7-50). All pts received systemic, postoperative chemotherapy, +/− treatment according to molecular characteristics of metastases (reported elsewhere). Outcome after liver resection: 7/25 (28%) patients are lost of follow-up; 3/25 (12%) died; NED stage (no evidence of disease) is achieved in 16/25 pts and 5/16 (31.5%) are still free of disease, for median 36 months. Conclusion Median 36 months after metastases resection,5/16 (31.5%) of patients remained in NED stage. That percentage of durable response is et least equal to systemic treatments response. It seems that there is a subgroup of patients who could benefit of metastases resection achieving long lasting NED stage. Still, the most important characteristics of this subgroup in not well recognized. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-16.