tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P014: Clinically Significant Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of First-ever Myocardial Infarction-The Tromsø Study
Authors: Tom Wilsgaard, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Henrik Schirmer, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Kaare H Bonaa, Sarah Hamren, Michael W Rowe, Julie Sudduth-Klinger, Anil Patwardhan, Inger Njolstad
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Identification of individuals with high risk for first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) can be improved. The objectives of the study ere to survey multiple protein biomarkers for association with the 5-year risk of incident MI and identify a clinically significant risk model that adds information to current common risk models. Methods: We employed an immunoassay platform that utilizes a sensitive, sample efficient molecular counting technology to measure 51 proteins in samples from the fourth survey (1994) in the Tromsø Study, a longitudinal study of men and women in Tromsø, Norway. A nested case control design was used with 182 first-ever MI cases (60 females/122 males) and 467 controls (277 females/190 males). Results: Of the proteins measured, 21 were predictors of MI before and after adjustment for traditional risk factors either in men, women or both. In stepwise multivariable analysis with these biomarkers and traditional risk factors, kallikrein; OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.47 - 0.71), matrix metalloproteinase 8; OR 1.41 (1.13 - 1.75), the interaction term CCL5/RANTES*women; OR 0.57 (0.44 - 0.74), the interaction term apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio*men; OR 1.53 (1.27 - 1.84) and lipoprotein a; OR 1.33 (1.10 - 1.61) added significantly to the model with a net reclassification improvement of 0.10 (p=0.01), while the ROC area increased from 0.77 to 0.83, p&lt;0.001. Conclusion: Novel protein biomarker models improve identification of MI risk above and beyond traditional risk factors with more than 10% better allocation to either high or low risk group than traditional risk factors alone.
Characterisation of Neisseria meningitidis C strains causing two clusters in the north of Italy in 2007 and 2008
Authors: C Fazio, A Neri, T Sofia, A Carannante, M G Caporali, S Salmaso, P Mastrantonio, P Stefanelli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Two clusters of invasive meningococcal disease in the north of Italy both due to serogroup C/ST-11 clonal complex are here described. The objective of the investigation was to analyse the phenotype and the genotype of meningococci involved in the two clusters which were of national relevance due to the fatal outcome of the majority of cases (six of the total of 10 cases). All the strains were C:2a:P1.5 ST-11/ET-37 clonal complex. Two pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) profiles were identified, one for each cluster. VNTRs were different from those detected in Italy for C/ST-11 strains isolated from sporadic cases in the same period. This laboratory surveillance report highlights the importance and the crucial role of molecular characterisation to confirm the relatedness among meningococci responsible for clusters of cases.
Circulating endothelial cells in preclinical models of cancer
Authors: Evelyn M. McKeegan, Daniel Albert, Paul Tapang, Terry Magoc, Cherrie Donawho, Amanda Niquette, Jason Stavropoulos, Laura McKay, Abdullah Kherzai, Jack Henkin, Nancy Xie, Rick Lesniewski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

A49   Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are detected at elevated concentrations in cancer patients. Endothelial cells contribute to tumor angiogenesis by incorporation into newly forming blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis. A set of flow cytometry reagents for murine models has been established. The enumerated mouse CEC, demonstrate the following phenotype CD31 + /CD34 + /CD45 -  and nucleated. A positive relationship between CEC concentration and tumor volume was determined for 11/12 murine models including the PC3 xenograft model of prostate cancer and the HT1080 sarcoma xenograft model. CEC concentrations have been characterized in normal, tumor bearing and tumor-bearing compound-treated mice using HT1080 (human fibrosarcoma), B16 (murine melanoma) and bEND.3 (murine hemangioma) tumor models and indicate that an elevated number of CEC are detected in tumor-bearing mice when compared to normal mice.We are conducting systematic CEC analysis in preclinical models of cancer to study changes in this biomarker in relationship to tumor type, tumor burden, compound dose, dose regimen, and class of compound. Preliminary data from tumor growth inhibition studies using angiogenisis inhibitors, including TSP mimetic peptides and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, demonstrate a decrease in the number of CEC detected at the treatment endpoints in drug-treated animals vs. vehicle-treated controls. Time-course analyses of these changes in CEC concentration have been performed in several models including HT-1080 and B16. Further, having shown that CEC number is elevated in tumor bearing mice and reduced in tumor bearing mice treated with anti-angiogenic agents, experiments to explore the characteristics of the CEC, specifically, the activation status demonstrated by co-expression of CD105 in the CEC and the apoptotic status of the cells by measuring the annexin V positivity has been explored. Using the HT1080 model, correlations between CEC concentration, activation status and apoptotic state with tumor volume has been observed. CEC will be monitored in patients undergoing clinical trials with our angiogenesis inhibitors.
Erratum: Corrigendum: The redox-sensitive cation channel TRPM2 modulates phagocyte ROS production and inflammation
Authors: Anke Di, Xiao-Pei Gao, Feng Qian, Takeshi Kawamura, Jin Han, Claudie Hecquet, Richard D Ye, Stephen M Vogel, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
The 4S Study
Authors: RA Wright, AD Flapan, J McMurray, J Slattery, HD White, C Spaulding, S Weber, G Davey Smith, J Pekkanen, Afh Stalenhoef, E Manzato, TR Pederson, j Kjekshus, AG Olsson, K Berg, O Faergeman, T Haghfelt, T Miettinen, K Pyörälä, G Thorgeirsson, H Wedel, L Wilhelmsen, D Grodos, R Tonglet
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
The Science of Quality Improvement
Authors: Leonard Bickman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rap1 activators are novel anti-angiogenic agents induced by Anthrax Edema Toxin
Authors: Robert C. Doebele, Mark W. Lingen, Jacques E. Nor, Wen Zhang, Diane J. Rodi, Jia Hong, Benjamin D. Zeitlin, Wei-Jen Tang, Marsha R. Rosner
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

249 

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vasculature, is a tightly regulated process required for embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Since abnormal angiogenesis can promote diseases including blindness, heart disease and cancer, it is critical to find factors that control the angiogenic process. Anthrax edema toxin (ET) is a highly active calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase toxin that can potently raise intracellular cAMP levels and causes a broad range of tissue damage upon host cell entry. We now show that 1) ET activates Rap1 in primary vascular endothelial cells by cAMP stimulation of Epac, a guanine nucleotide-exchange protein (RAP1-GEF), and 2) Epac/Rap activators are anti-angiogenic. ET causes cytoskeletal changes and inhibits chemotaxis and tube formation by human primary vascular endothelial cells. ET also induces transcription of Epac-related activators of Rap1, Epac2 (RapGEF4) and RapGEF5. Like ET, Epac activators induce cytoskeletal changes and block chemotaxis in human endothelial cells. Finally, injection of an Epac activator into mice blocks microvessel development from implanted human microvascular endothelial cells. These results identify activators of Epac and Rap1 as inhibitors of angiogenesis, reveal a novel mechanism for angiogenic regulation and provide an additional target for the toxic action of anthrax.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: Joseph R. Darnall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1935)

ExcerptHemochromatosis, as the name indicates, is a metabolic disorder characterized by the deposition of the blood pigments hemofuscin and hemosiderin in various organs and tissues, associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis and sclerosis of the organs subjected to the abnormal deposition of pigment, particularly the liver, pancreas and spleen.In a large proportion of cases (85 per cent according to an analysis of 53 cases by Blanton and Healy4) the disease is accompanied, especially in its later stages, by diabetes mellitus. Most patients show a definite increase in pigmentation of the skin, due to hemosiderin and often associated with increase in...
Immune Reactivity in the Moloney Strain of Murine Sarcoma Virus Oncogenesis: Requirement of Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes for In Vivo Protection 2
Authors: Dino Collavo, Alfonso Colombatti, Giovanni Biasi, Luigi Chieco Bianchi, A. J. S. Davies
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

To study the function of different lymphocyte populations in the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV) tumorigenesis, we gave M-MuSV injections to CBA mice selectively deprived of thymus (T) lymphocytes by thymectomy, X-rradiation, and syngeneic bone marrow injection. Although no tumors appeared in the control group, 80% of the derived mice had tumors that grew progressively and ultimately killed them. In deprived mice, grafted with a syngeneic thymus (reconstituted mice) before or after an M-MuSV injection, tumors regressed or did not develop. Histologically, the lymph nodes and spleens of reconstituted mice, compared to those of deprived animals, showed repopulation of the thymus-dependent areas and prominent follicles in the cortex. Moreover, tumor tissue of reconstituted mice was extensively infiltrated by lymphocytes. To evaluate the number of lymphoid cells needed to prevent or regress M-MuSV tumors, we injected varying amounts of lymphoid cells into deprived mice. Even low lymphocyte numbers (10(6) cells) were sufficient to exert, in some cases, protection against M-MuSV tumorigenesis. This effect was not abolished by subsequent splenectomy or antilymphocyte serum treatment. Finally, deprived mice, given repeated injections of antiserum (hyperimmune) against M-MuSV, had tumors which appeared only after a prolonged latency. From these results, it is concluded that T-cell population integrity is important in affording total host protection against the M-MuSV tumors.
A Young Man in a Large Hat
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Commentary: Open access publishing: too much oxygen?
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

“We hold these truths to be self-evident…” This assertion of the US founding fathers betokened their zeal for human equality and rights. But such an attitude can betoken intellectual arrogance. It was, for example, self evident to paediatricians in the 1950s that it would be beneficial to give premature babies 100% oxygen without proper trial. But 100% oxygen caused blindness, and the balance of benefit to harm was unfavourable.

In their survey of the attitudes of a small sample of scientists to open access1 Schroter and colleagues don't actually trumpet its self evident benefits, but their call for evidence refers to the author pays model, not open access publishing itself, although open …
Abstract 45: Prior Weight History Provides Prognostic Information Beyond Current Weight Regarding HF Risk
Authors: Chiadi E Ndumele, Laura Cobb, Mariana Lazo, Natalie Bello, Amil Shah, Vijay Nambi, Roger S Blumenthal, Gary Gerstenblith, Scott D Solomon, Christie M Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Josef Coresh
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background:  While obesity is an established risk factor for heart failure (HF), there are limited prospective analyses examining the relationship of weight history or trajectories of weight change with incident HF.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that prior overweight and obesity, and increasing weight over time, would be associated with an increased risk of incident HF.   Methods:  We performed a prospective analysis of 9,710 ARIC Visit 4 (1996-98) participants with available body-mass index (BMI) measurements at Visit 1 (1987-89) and Visit 4, excluding those with CVD at Visit 4 or BMI    Results:  Over the 9 years from Visit 1 to 4, 72% remained in a stable BMI category, 23% increased to a higher BMI category and 5% decreased. Less weight stability was seen from age 25 to Visit 4 (33% stable, 65% increased, 2% decreased). Higher HF risk was seen with increases in BMI category from Visit 1 to 4 (HR 1.26 [1.07-1.49]) and from age 25 to Visit 4 (HR 1.44 [1.24-1.67]) relative to stable weight, with non-significant risk if BMI category decreased. In analyses assessing combinations of BMI categories at Visit 4 and at an earlier time point (Table), higher BMI category at an earlier time point was associated with greater risk within each Visit 4 BMI category. Individuals who remained obese at both time points had the highest risk of incident HF.   Conclusion:  Prior elevated weight and increasing weight over time are associated with an increased risk of HF. Weight history may be more informative than single anthropometric measurements for assessing HF risk.
HIV-1 Nef associated PAK and PI3-Kinases stimulate Akt-independent Bad-phosphorylation to induce anti-apoptotic signals
Authors: Dietlinde Wolf, Vanessa Witte, Bernd Laffert, Katja Blume, Elisabeth Stromer, Susanna Trapp, Paola d'Aloja, Annette Schürmann, Andreas S. Baur
Journal: Nature Medicine (2001)
A survey of outcome of CT guided lung biopsies in a tertiary centre
Authors: Rahuldeb Sarkar, Hina Saleem, Shaheryar Hussain, Andrew Wight, William Kent, Claus Irion, Martin Ledson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: CT guided biopsy is a widely used method of taking biopsy from peripheral lung lesions and is usually safe. In addition to keeping an acceptable hit rate with low complication, it is important that a satisfactory amount of tissue material is obtained to meet the need of increased number of immunostaining (EGFR, ALK).  Objective: Evaluation of practice of CT guided biopsy in our hospital in the last 12 months.  Method: We analysed the outcome of all CT guided lung biopsies between Dec911 and Dec912. Data were derived from lung cancer database and PACS(radiology system).  Results: Total of 105 patients (Age 70+/-10; male–53) underwent the procedure. Mean FEV1 was 80% predicted, 4/105(3%) had FEV1   Ten(8.5%) had pneumothorax with a mean size of 1 cm but none needed chest drain. Twenty five(15%) had CT detected haemorrhage only. Four patients with INR>1.5 had no complication. There was no complication in patients with very low FEV1(  Conclusion: In this tertiary centre, CT guided biopsies have been done with lower than average complication rates. The tissue obtained were mostly adequate despite the demand for increasing amount of tissue for immunocytochemistry. Even in high risk patients, no complication was seen in this cohort in our institution.
Potential of survivin as a new therapeutic target in diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum
Authors: Nadia Zaffaroni, Aurora Costa, Marzia Pennati, Cinzia De Marco, Roberta Erdas, Marcello Deraco, Maria Grazia Daidone
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4613   Peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm characterized by a poor prognosis, which is not modified by conventional anticancer treatments. Since resistance to apoptosis is considered a major mechanism in tumor progression and drug resistance, we examined the expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , survivin, c-IAP 1 , c-IAP 2  and X-IAP) and pro-apoptotic (SMAC/Diablo) proteins by immunohistochemistry in 32 peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma specimens. Overexpression of survivin and other IAP proteins was observed in a high percentage of tumors (range of positivity rate: 69-100%) and in an elevated fraction of tumor cells. Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L  were also expressed in a high fraction of cases (66% and 82%, respectively), with high intensity immunostaining, whereas SMAC/Diablo immunostaining was detectable in only 34% of tumors. Accordingly, a low apoptotic index (median percentage of M30-positive cells, 0.45%; range, 0.01-5.8%) was consistently observed. To investigate whether anti-apoptotic proteins represent potential targets for new therapeutic interventions in this disease, we tested the effects of survivin knockdown accomplished through RNA interference in a peritoneal mesothelioma cell line. Cells were transfected with 100 nM of a 21-mer double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting survivin mRNA for 8 h, and the effects of cell transfection with siRNA on mesothelioma cell phenotype were evaluated at different time points. A strong inhibition (> 80%) of survivin expression at mRNA and protein levels was observed, which was followed by a time-dependent reduction of cell growth and a significant increase of caspase-9-mediated apoptotic rate. Moreover, sequential exposure of siRNA-transfected mesothelioma cells to anticancer drugs (cisplatin and doxorubicin) induced additive antiproliferative effects and markedly increased the apoptotic response to individual drug treatment. Overall, our results indicate that peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma is characterized by deregulation of apoptosis pathways, in terms of increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and suggest that strategies aimed at interfering with such proteins may provide a novel approach for the treatment of this malignancy.
Phase I Study of 131I-Anti-CD45 Antibody Plus Cyclophosphamide and Total Body Irradiation for Advanced Acute Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Dana C. Matthews, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Janet F. Eary, Darrell R. Fisher, Lawrence D. Durack, T. Edmond Hui, Paul J. Martin, David Mitchell, Oliver W. Press, Rainer Storb, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: Blood (1999)
Syphilis outbreaks reported in Manchester and Brighton
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A qualitative study has shed new light on the recent syphilis outbreaks in men who have sex with men attending genitourinary medicine clinics in Brighton and Greater Manchester.

The study, of 26 cases in the Manchester cluster, found that most knew little about the disease before diagnosis and that condoms were used inconsistently for anal intercourse ( Communicable Disease Report CDR Weekly 2000;10:383-6). Fourteen of the …
Abstract P001: State-Level Trends in Cardiovascular Health, 2003-2011
Authors: Courtney Pilkerton, Sarah Singh, Adam Christian, Thomas K Bias, Stephanie J Frisbee
Journal: Circulation (2015)

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, so improving cardiovascular health (CVH) is a key population health goal. As part of public health efforts to achieve this, the American Heart Association recently developed a comprehensive CVH index that incorporates smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to investigate the change in CVH in each of the U.S. states using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data between 2003 and 2011. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of 2011 methodological changes to BRFSS on CVH. METHODS: Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to determine calculate CVH for each state for 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. Federal Information Processing Standards codes were used to obtain age-standardized mean CVH for each state. The main outcomes were age-standardized mean CVH score and prevalence of each component. Time trends for each state were determined using by including a time variable corresponding to the BRFSS study year in a Poisson model for total CVH and logistic models for individual CVH components. Differences in total CVH and prevalence of components between 2003 and 2009 as well as between 2009 and 2011 were calculated and Pearson chi square tests were used to determine significant differences. RESULTS: Overall the age-standardized mean CVH index was 3.73 for 2003, 3.71 for 2005, 3.68 for 2007, 3.65 for 2009, and 3.45 for 2011. In 2011, CVHI ranged from a high of 3.70 in Colorado to a low of 3.15 in West Virginia and Mississippi. The majority of states in the U.S. had both a decline in mean CVH and an increase in the prevalence of poor CVHI between 2003 and 2009. Overall, the prevalence of ideal smoking behavior increased from 79.2% to 83.5% and the prevalence of ideal diet increased from 12.1% to 13.4%. The prevalence of ideal for all other components decreased; blood pressure by 4.2 percentage points, cholesterol by 5.9, blood glucose by 1.4, and physical activity by 12.2. Comparing the magnitude of absolute differences in CVHI between 2003 and 2009 with 2009 and 2011, many of the one year changes (09 to 11) were greater than the six year changes (03 to 09). CVH has decreased in a linear fashion between 2003 and 2009 likely due to decreases during this time in ideal blood pressure, cholesterol, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: This data can be used to inform state specific risk factor targets that would be most effective in improving overall CVH. The large differences seen due to 2011 BRFSS methodological changes raise concerns for states that rely on this data to evaluate programs and target resources.