tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma-Specific &lt;italic&gt;Ulex europaeus&lt;/italic&gt; Agglutinin-I Binding Glycoproteins of Human Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Relation to Carcinoembryonic Antigen&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Matsushita, S Yonezawa, T Nakamura, S Shimizu, M Ozawa, T Muramatsu, E Sato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Glycoproteins binding to Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) lectin, which recognizes the terminal alpha-L-fucose residue, were analyzed in 18 cases of human colorectal carcinoma by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by the Western blotting method. In the distal large bowel (descending and sigmoid colon and rectum), high-molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I existed in carcinoma tissue but not in normal mucosa. In the proximal large bowel (ascending and transverse colon), high-molecular-weight glycoproteins binding to UEA-I were found both in normal mucosa and in carcinoma tissue, whereas those from the carcinoma tissue had an apparently lower molecular weight as compared to the weight of those from the normal mucosa. Thus there is a biochemical difference in UEA-I binding glycoproteins between the normal mucosa and the carcinoma tissue, although in our previous histochemical study no difference was observed in UEA-I binding glycoproteins of the proximal large bowel between the carcinoma tissue and the normal mucosa. Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen from the carcinoma tissue was found to have the same electrophoretical mobility as the UEA-I binding glycoproteins.
Population based screening for coeliac disease: patient’s choice or doctor’s decision
Authors: S Ishaq
Journal: Gut (2004)

I read with interest the debate on population based screening for coeliac disease ( Gut 2003: 52 ;168–9 and 170–1). Antagonists of population based screening hold the view that there is no evidence that screening the general population or instituting a gluten free diet in asymptomatic coeliac disease will reduce mortality.

Contrary to early beliefs, coeliac disease is one of the most common disorders affecting up to 1% of the general population, regardless of ethnic or geographical origin. In patients with coeliac disease, mortality rate is higher than the general population by a factor of 1.9–3.8, mainly due to complications (table 1) such as malignancy.1–3

View this table:

 Table 1  
 Clinical presentations of coeliac disease …
Independent Prognostic Value of Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Kazuo Gohji, Masashi Nomi, Yoshiyuki Niitani, Sohei Kitazawa, Akio Fujii, Yoji Katsuoka, Motowo Nakajima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

We retrospectively investigated whether the level of serum hepatocyte growth factor could predict the prognosis and extent of transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.Serum samples were collected from 113 patients with bladder cancer and from 200 healthy controls. Of the 113 patients, 59 had superficial bladder cancer and 54 had muscle-invasive cancer. Thirteen bladder cancer tissues (eight superficial and five muscle-invasive) were also collected. The levels of hepatocyte growth factor in the serum and tissues of these individuals were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay using hepatocyte growth factor antibodies.The levels of hepatocyte growth factor in the serum and tissues of patients with muscle-invasive cancer were significantly higher than those of patients with superficial bladder cancer (P <.0001 and P =.0054, respectively). The degree of elevation above the normal level of serum hepatocyte growth factor of the former (61.1%) was significantly higher than that of the latter (8.4%; P <.0001). The elevation was highest in patients with visceral metastasis (93.3%). Among patients with superficial bladder cancer, the overall survival rate of those with low levels of serum hepatocyte growth factor was significantly greater than that of those with high levels (P =.005). Among patients with minimally invasive bladder cancer, the disease-free and overall survival rates of those with high levels of serum hepatocyte growth factor were significantly lower than the same rates of those with low levels (P <.001 and P =.0028, respectively).Our study suggests that the level of hepatocyte growth factor in serum could be a predictor of patient survival and extent of bladder cancer.
Psychological stress and burnout in medical students: a five-year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: E Guthrie, D Black, H Bagalkote, C Shaw, M Campbell, F Creed
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess psychological morbidity and symptoms of burnout in medical students during their undergraduate training, and to identify baseline factors that predict psychological morbidity in students in the final year of the course. It was a 5-year prospective longitudinal cohort study. Students were assessed in years 1, 4 and 5 of their medical undergraduate training by means of the GHQ-12 and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. 172 (84.3%), 157 (77.0%) and 155 (75.9%) students out of an original group of 204 completed assessments in years 1, 4 and 5, respectively. 18 students were above threshold on the GHQ-12 on all three occasions, 25 on two occasions and 43 on one occasion; 69 students were never a 'case'. Students who were cases on two or more occasions were more likely to find the medical course stressful during the first year, but not subsequent years. There was no significant difference between the percentages of men and women who scored as cases on the GHQ-12 in any of the years. The best predictor of psychological morbidity in the final year of the course was the GHQ-12 score in year 1. This study suggests that a small group of students repeatedly experience psychological distress during their medical training.
Glomerular size and the association of focal glomerulosclerosis in long-surviving human renal allografts.
Authors: D B Bhathena
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

This biopsy study exploits the unique opportunity offered by long-surviving human renal allografts to analyze the effects of nephronopenia-induced glomerular hypertrophy on the association of focal glomerulosclerosis. Methods include glomerular morphometry and analysis of variance. Only allografts with focal glomerulosclerosis detected after 3 yr posttransplantation (Group TxFGS > 2 yr) have a group mean glomerular diameter (203.1 microns +/- SE (mean) 10.36) significantly larger (P < 0.05) than that of allografts biopsied beyond 2 yr posttransplantation but without focal glomerulosclerosis (Group No TxFGS > 2 yr; 158.3 microns +/- SE (mean) 8.32), allografts biopsied within 2 yr of transplantation with (Group TxFGS < 2 yr; 165.3 microns +/- SE (mean) 5.35) or without (Group NoTxFGS < 2 yr; 155.8 microns +/- SE (mean) 5.53) focal glomerulosclerosis, or allograft diameters at transplantation (Group CTx; 148.3 microns +/- SE (mean) 5.66). However, the increase is approximately 37% over that at transplantation, significantly less than the increase of approximately 70% attained by congenitally nephronopenic native kidneys (P < 0.50) with focal glomerulosclerosis (Group CNP; 264.4 microns +/- SE (mean) 11.01) over their controls (Group CN; 154.8 microns +/- SE (mean) 4.46). This observation suggests that the nephronopenic allograft has a curtailed ability for glomerular hypertrophy when compared with congenitally nephronopenic native kidneys and may explain the association of focal glomerulosclerosis in long-surviving renal homografts at a significantly smaller glomerular diameter. Although smaller, this appears to be the maximal glomerular dimension attained by long-surviving nephronopenic homografts in the absence of intrinsic glomerular disease (excluding focal glomerulosclerosis). Thus, these results are in accord with and offer further support for the general hypothesis that focal glomerulosclerosis develops in maximally hypertrophied glomeruli.
Induction of Cancer of the Glandular Stomach in Rats by an Extract of Nitrite-Treated Fish&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J H Weisburger, H Marquardt, N Hirota, H Mori, G M Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Treatment of a homogenate of the mackerel fish Sanma hirakl with nitrite at pH 3 led to the development of direct-acting mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhlmurium TA-1535. Repeated gastric intubation three times/week for 6 months of an extract containing this mutagenic activity into noninbred Wistar rats led to the induction of tumors in 8 of 12 rats 12-18 months later. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas were found in the glandular stomach, squamous cell carcinoma was observed in the forestomach, and adenocarcinoma was found in the small intestine and pancreas. Furthermore, precancerous lesions (including intestinal metaplasia and glandular hyperplasia of the glandular stomach as well as squamous cell hyperplasia) were noted in virtually all of the animals at risk. No tumors were seen in 8 control rats given the untreated fish extract alone; 1 rat had glandular hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia. Thus a mutagenic extract of nitrite-treated fish was demonstrated to induce, in the rat glandular stomach, cancers identical to gastric cancer observed in man. Preventive m:asures, including reduction of the intake of pickled foods and the year-round daily availability of foods containing vitamin C, are discussed.
Restoration of Corticosteroid Sensitivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
Authors: Akihisa Mitani, Kazuhiro Ito, Chaitanya Vuppusetty, Peter J. Barnes, Nicolas Mercado
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Corticosteroid resistance is a major barrier to the effective treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed, such as activations of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. However, the mechanism for corticosteroid resistance is still not fully elucidated.To investigate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD.The corticosteroid sensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with COPD, smokers, and nonsmoking control subjects, or of human monocytic U937 cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), was quantified as the dexamethasone concentration required to achieve 30% inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced CXCL8 production in the presence or absence of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. mTOR activity was determined as the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, using Western blotting.mTOR activity was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with COPD, and treatment with rapamycin inhibited this as well as restoring corticosteroid sensitivity. In U937 cells, CSE stimulated mTOR activity and c-Jun expression, but pretreatment with rapamycin inhibited both and also reversed CSE-induced corticosteroid insensitivity.mTOR inhibition by rapamycin restores corticosteroid sensitivity via inhibition of c-Jun expression, and thus mTOR is a potential novel therapeutic target for COPD.
Myeloid derived suppressor cells in the crosstalk between COPD and lung cancer
Authors: Simonetta Baraldo, Laura Pinton, Andrea Ballarin, Susanna Mandruzzato, Erica Bazzan, Erika Falisi, Graziella Turato, Kim Lokar-Oliani, Manuel Cosio, Paola Zanovello, Marina Saetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

COPD is associated to increased lung cancer risk, even independently from cigarette smoke. The chronic inflammation present in COPD patients may represent an important link with lung cancer, but the relationship has yet to be elucidated. Of note tumors, to promote their own survival, may influence the immune response by inducing a subset of myeloid cells with immunosuppressor properties (MDSC). We evaluated the induction of MDSC in patients with COPD, with or without lung cancer, by measuring the α chain of IL-4 receptor (IL4Rα) which has been proposed as a marker for these cells. IL4Rα was quantified by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 19 smokers with COPD and no cancer (FEV1=56±6%pred), 6 smokers with COPD and lung cancer (FEV1=67±9%pred) and 11 controls with normal lung function and no cancer (5 smoking, 6 non-smoking; FEV1=106±6%pred).  IL4Rα expression was increased in monocytes from smokers with COPD and concomitant lung cancer (23;17-37%) but also in COPD subjects without cancer (median;range: 12;5-25%) compared to smoking and non-smoking controls (10;3-15% and 9;7-11%. all p  In conclusion, our study shows that IL4Rα expression is upregulated in monocytes and granulocytes from smokers with COPD and lung cancer, but interestingly even in COPD patients without cancer. Evaluation of the alleged suppressive activity of these cells could improve our understanding of the immune response in COPD and potentially identify inflammatory alterations that might increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
Malignant<i>TFE3</i>-rearranged perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) presenting as a subcutaneous mass
Authors: W. Shon, J. Kim, W. Sukov, J. Reith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are a group of mesenchymal tumours with concurrent melanocytic and myogenic differentiation. Although many cases are sporadic, PEComas can be associated with tuberous sclerosis. A distinct subset of deep-seated PEComas has been shown to carry TFE3 fusions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary subcutaneous malignant PEComa with molecular confirmation of TFE3 gene rearrangement.
Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Cervix: Its Late Effect on the Lifespan as a Function of Regional Dose&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Henry I. Kohn, John C. Bailar, Calvin Zippin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

To investigate the degree of life shortening in man after radiation exposure, the survival of patients who were treated for cancer of the cervix exclusively with X rays and/or radium is under study. The group includes only those who were treated prior to age 55 and who survived at least 5 years to eliminate early deaths due to cancer. The 499 admitted cases were drawn from 2 cancer registries (University of California and Connecticut State Department of Health) and were grouped by stage of disease at diagnosis (stage I, stages II–III) and by regional dose [low, 1–18 millions of gram-rads (Mgm-rads); middle, 19–27 Mgm-rads; high, 28–54 Mgm-rads]. Thus far 24 percent of these patients have died. Comparisons among the 12 stage-dose groups of the 2 registries showed no significant differences among 11 of them. This failure to find a clear-cut diminution in survival related to increment in radiation dose is consistent with 2 other reports on cervical cancer patients. The incidence of leukemia also appeared to be strikingly lower than in Japanese bomb survivors who had received a similar integral dose of radiation which, however, was distributed much more uniformly throughout the body.
Perineural granulomatous inflammation: a potential harbinger of perineural invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: M.M. Dhandha, J.A. Kozel, Q.L. Erickson, C.I. Vidal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a cutaneous malignancy that is locally destructive and occasionally metastatic. Previously, ‘high‐risk features’ of aggressive cSCCs have been described, which are associated with an increased risk of metastatic disease.1–3 These features include large size (> 2 cm), thick or deeply invasive tumours (> 4–5 mm), incomplete excision, recurrence, poorly differentiated histology, presence of perineural invasion, location on or near mucosal surfaces and occurrence in an immunosuppressed host. Some authorities believe that perineural lymphocytic inflammation, although not a recognized risk factor, can mask adjacent perineural invasion.4 We present a case of perineural granulomatous inflammation in a patient with recurrent cSCC. In our opinion, this finding should be regarded as a potential harbinger of persistent disease and perineural invasion in this setting. An 85‐year‐old white man with cSCC of the right scalp was referred to our centre to undergo Mohs micrographic surgery (Fig. 1). Previously, his tumour had been treated with topical liquid nitrogen. Although the lesion lacked an aggressive clinical appearance, given the size (2·0 cm) and poorly delineated clinical margins, a decision was made to proceed with Mohs surgery.
Haem iron intake in young children
Authors: A. R P Walker, D. Labadarios
Journal: BMJ (1996)

has a protective function.It protects the vulnerable from misinformation due to mistakes by or the ignorance of the informer, from pressure by those with malintent, from economically driven judg- ments on their future, and from much more.It also protects us, as doctors, from ourselves: our ignorance or arrogance, any temptation to cover up medical mistakes, our difficulty in asking for help from a colleague, overinvolvement with a patient that colours our judgment, our fatigue, or personal prejudice or bias about clinical or social conditions.It protects us from undue pressure by relatives weary of caring or who stand to gain financially.Managers cannot put pressure on us to clear those who are dying from our beds rapidly, and purchas- ers cannot question why we strive to provide qual- ity care to patients with a poor prognosis.
Polyploidization and Functional Maturation Are Two Distinct Processes During Megakaryocytic Differentiation: Involvement of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 in Polyploidization
Authors: Jiro Kikuchi, Yusuke Furukawa, Satsuki Iwase, Yasuhito Terui, Mitsuru Nakamura, Seiichi Kitagawa, Masatoshi Kitagawa, Norio Komatsu, Yasusada Miura
Journal: Blood (1997)
Inactivation of <scp>HDAC</scp>1 or <scp>HDAC</scp>2 induces gamma globin expression without altering cell cycle or proliferation
Authors: Erica B. Esrick, Marie McConkey, Katherine Lin, Alyse Frisbee, Benjamin L. Ebert
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Other than hydroxyurea, no pharmacologic agents are clinically available for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction in sickle cell disease (SCD). An optimal candidate would induce HbF without causing cell cycle inhibition and would act independently of hydroxyurea in order to yield additional HbF induction when combined. We explored whether inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 or HDAC2 could achieve these goals. In human erythroid progenitor cells, shRNA knockdown of the HDAC1 or HDAC2 genes induced gamma globin, without altering cellular proliferation in vitro , and without altering cell cycle phase. Treatment with hydroxyurea in combination with HDAC2 knockdown yielded a further increase in gamma globin expression. Additionally, when CD34+ cells were treated with both hydroxyurea and MS‐275 (an inhibitor of HDAC 1, 2, and 3), an additive induction of relative gamma globin expression was achieved. Our findings support further clinical investigation of HDAC inhibitors in combination with hydroxyurea in SCD patients. Am. J. Hematol. 90:624–628, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelet Kinetics and Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in AKR Mice2
Authors: Isadore Brodsky, Nikolay V. Dimitrov
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

AKR mice with a high incidence of spontaneous lymphocytic leukemia have a relative thrombocytopenia within 3 weeks of birth as compared to low-leukemia-strain BALB/c mice. With increasing age, the platelet count increases in AKR mice but then decreases with the onsetof frank leukemia. Within 8 weeks after birth, the platelet survival was 4.0 days in both AKR and BALB/c mice. The platelet turnover in AKR mice was 223,000 and in the BALB/c group, 259,000 plateletS/µl/day. Platelet adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity (2.18±0.58) was significantly elevated in AKR mice as compared to values of 0.94±0.24 (BALB/c); 0.88±0.21 (C3H); and 0.70±0.25 (S/W) in the low-leukemia-strain controls. The platelet ATPase activity was characterized by differential centrifugation and incubation, with ouabain, oligomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and Na+-K+ omission. No qualitative difference in platelet ATPase activity was noted between AKR and BALB/c mice. The elevated platelet ATPase activity in AKR mice was considered a manifestation of platelet membrane damage and increased energy metabolism secondary to infection of platelets with type-C virus particles.
How many forced spirometry efforts are useful in moderate to severe COPD patients
Authors: Juergen Reinstaedtler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The 2005 ERS/ATS guidelines on spirometry have established a maximum number of 8 efforts in a forced spirometry test. The aim of this work was to evaluate which effort produces the highest value for FEV 1 , FVC, PEF, and FEV 6  in COPD patients.  We used the data collected in a phase II multicenter clinical trial (TESRA, sponsored by F. Hoffmann – La Roche Ltd) to evaluate the parameter trend in multiple efforts of forced spirometry in moderate to severe COPD patients with emphysema. All of the 73 test centers in 12 countries were equipped with the identical device (MasterScreen PFT, CareFusion, Hoechberg, Germany). The data was collected electronically and reviewed for quality and acceptability by a central overread. 6 075 test sessions (screening and treatment) with 20 482 valid efforts from 1 183 patients were evaluated. On average 3.4 valid efforts were performed per test.  The per effort parameter values were expressed as a percentage of the highest (best) value per test session. The median values per effort number across all tests ranged from 95% to 99% for FEV 1 , FVC and FEV 6 . The highest median values were achieved in efforts 3 and 4. For PEF the median values ranged from 92% to 98%, with the highest values in the first effort. FEV 1  and PEF showed a marked decrease in late efforts.  The drop in the PEF and FEV 1  values illustrates the increasing fatigue of the COPD patients. The relative FEV 1  values were lower than the relative FVC values, indicating that it is more complicated for patients to sustain good FEV 1  values. Unless errors in the technique are observed, it is unlikely to achieve higher values after the 5th effort.
A novel missense mutation in the gene<i>FZD6</i>underlies autosomal recessive nail dysplasia
Authors: S.I. Raza, N. Muhammad, S. Khan, W. Ahmad
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Inherited isolated nail anomaly manifesting with onychauxis and onycholysis is a rare condition, caused by mutations in the gene FZD6, encoding membrane-bound Wnt receptor protein.To search for sequence variants in the gene FZD6 in three individuals of a consanguineous family exhibiting features of nail dysplasia.Linkage in the family was searched by genotyping microsatellite markers linked to the gene FZD6, mapped at chromosome 8q22.3. Exons and splice junction sites of the gene FZD6 were polymerase chain reaction amplified and sequenced in an automated DNA sequencer.DNA sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1266G>A; p.Gly422Asp) located in the transmembrane domain of the protein FZD6.The missense mutation (p.Gly422Asp), identified here, is only the third mutation detected in the gene FZD6.