tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethics in an animal study for interventional endoscopy
Authors: H. Kakutani, Y. Uchiyama, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The animal survival study using six dogs to determine causative factors of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) was published in Endoscopy [1]. Although PEP is one of the most severe complications of interventional endoscopy, I have serious doubts concerning the ethics of using animals for experimental purposes in this study and in other recent animal studies of novel endoscopic technologies. In the Buscaglia study, pancreatography was performed in the standard fashion. Results of hematologic tests and necropsy after the endoscopic pancreatography were stratified by the volume of the injected contrast media, existence or absence of papillary obstruction, with or without sphincterotomy and prophylactic pancreatic stent placement. The authors concluded that severe acinarization increased the risk and severity of PEP. As discussed in the article, it is well known that acinarization is a major risk factor for PEP [2] [3] [4] [5], and similar results have been reported from several clinical studies. Additionally, several randomized controlled studies have demonstrated that prophylactic stent placement effectively prevents the development of PEP [6]. All the authors found in this study was what was already known. I do believe that the sacrifice of animals should be confined by a proper institutional reviewing process and approved only for medical contribution, and not for obtaining academic kudos.
THE STRABISMUS OPERATION.
Authors: C. F. CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Though a somewhat hackneyed subject, the last word has not yet been spoken upon the strabismus operation, nor will it be for many years to come. While without doubt it is true that excellent results may be obtained in the correction of strabismus by a variety of operative procedures, it is also true, as I think every operator present will acknowledge, that there is a diversity in the results of this operation which plainly indicates that perfection has not yet been obtained. I offer no apology for occupying your time with the consideration of a department of ophthalmic surgery on which such diverse opinions are expressed as we may find in the text-books and articles which appear from time to time on the various phases of this subject. An analysis of the opinions expressed by a limited number of operators of national and even international reputation will show a divergence
Abstract 4993: IRE1-XBP1 branch of UPR is involved in tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Yugang Wang, Peter Polverini, Goleeta Alam, Yu Ning, Jacques Nör
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is activated when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in tumor cells is subjected to environmental stress. We and others have previously shown that the eIF2α- PERK-ATF4 pathway, one of three of UPR pathways is involved in tumor angiogenesis by transcriptionally regulating the production of angiogenic mediators such as VEGF. However, role of other UPR pathways in tumor angiogenesis still remains to be elucidated. In this study we examined the role of the IRE1-XBP1 UPR pathway in promoting production of tumor-derived proangiogenic mediators. Upon ER stress IRE1 splices XBP1 into an active transcription factor that induces expression of several target genes. We used the gene-silencing approach in the oral squamous carcinoma cell line UM-SCC-81B to determine the effects of XBP1 knockdown on key angiogenic mediators. We were able to achieve over 80% knockdown of XBP1. mRNA levels of both EDEM1 and Grp78, downstream targets of XBP1 were also significantly inhibited confirming an efficient knockdown. UM-SCC-81B control cells as well as UM-SCC-81B-XBP1 knockdown cells were initially treated with low glucose (5mM) for 24 h to induce UPR. Next, mRNA and protein levels of VEGF were determined using Real-Time PCR and ELISA respectively. We observed a 45% decrease in VEGF mRNA levels and around 36% decrease in VEGF protein levels of UM-SCC-81B-XBP1 knockdown cells upon ER stress. Additionally, we detected a significant decrease in the transcription of several other key angiogenic mediators such as FGF2, IL6, IL8 and CTGF (p&amp;lt;0 .05) in UM-SCC-81B-XBP1 knockdown cells compared to control cells. These results suggest that the IRE1-XBP1 pathway of the UPR promotes tumor angiogenesis through modulating expression of proangiogenic mediators. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4993. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4993
PNEUMATOSIS OF THE COLON
Authors: Richard H. Marshak
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Pneumatosis intestinalis may be defined as the intramural presence of  within the  tract. It has previously been recorded under various descriptive titles: intestinal emphysema, emphysema of the cecum, gas cysts of the intestine (pneumatosis cystoides intestini), and pseudocysts. The case to be presented is unusual in that it involved the left side of the colon and the symptoms developed with dramatic suddenness after sigmoidoscopy. In view of the rectal pathological condition seen by the sigmoidoscopist, the possibility that the pneumatosis of the colon predated his examination, though unlikely, cannot be excluded.  REPORT OF A CASE  Mrs. E. A., 55, was seen by her physician because of rectal bleeding of three weeks' duration. Her past history was non-contributory for tuberculosis, diabetes, and  disease. An appendectomy had been performed 25 years previously. Rectal examination revealed internal hemorrhoids, but sigmoidoscopy was performed to eliminate other possible causes of rectal bleeding.
THE OUTCOME OF SCHOOL PHOBIA: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY BASED ON 41 CASES
Authors: ALEJANDRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA RODRIGUEZ, LEON EISENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A clinical study of 41 cases of school phobia confirmed the hypothesis that this syndrome is a variant of separation anxiety; the basic issue proved to be leaving home, not going to school. The outcome of these cases after a mean period of 3 years confirmed the utility of a treatment program of brief psychotherapy centered about prompt return to school. Therapeutic success was shown to vary inversely with the age of the child and the severity of his psychopathology. School phobia constitutes a symptom complex which may be a manifestation of a readily reversible situational reaction or of a severely neurotic or even psychotic adjustment. Effective treatment should be based on a careful diagnostic formulation. But, with the sole exception of the overtly psychotic child, the central focus of the treatment program for all cases should be placed upon firm insistence on early return to school, reinforced by appropriate sanctions of authority.
The Health-Sciences Information Struggle
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

During the summer of 1981 an amendment was proposed to Senate Bill 800, the reauthorized Medical Library Assistance Act, that almost certainly would have led to the destruction of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) as it is known today. Indeed, passage of the amendment would have brought great pressure to bear on all tax-supported information systems in the country. Although the amendment was narrowly defeated in committee before reaching the Senate floor, the issues behind it remain very much alive. There are now "hints of information wars to come." 1 If they occur, these wars will have profound effects on . . .
Platelet satellitism, spurious neutropenia, and cutaneous vasculitis: Casual or causal association?
Authors: Alejandro Lazo‐Langner, Josefa Piedras, Penélope Romero‐Lagarza, Carmen Lome‐Maldonado, Jorge Sánchez‐Guerrero, Xavier López‐Karpovitch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

About 90 cases of platelet satellitism (PS) have been published, most of them involving neutrophils, a few comprising monocytes, and one case involving basophils. The case of a 30-year-old female patient with cutaneous vasculitis who developed asymptomatic severe neutropenia is reported. All blood smears (BS) prepared from peripheral blood samples collected with either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, trisodium citrate, and heparin showed PS involving neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Immunohistochemistry analysis of her skin biopsy and BS, employing peroxidase stain for the detection of antibodies directed against IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3, revealed an intense positive reaction only for IgG in the endothelium and leukocyte clumps within the microvasculature, as well as in peripheral blood neutrophils displaying the PS phenomenon. Transfer of the PS phenomenon was demonstrated by incubating the patient's plasma with leukocytes from an ABO-compatible healthy donor. In our patient, PS did not disappear after incubation at 37 degrees C, suggesting that this might be a different or "atypical" PS phenomenon probably mediated by an autoimmune process involving an IgG-class antibody responsible for both conditions, PS, and cutaneous vasculitis.
If the Doctors Are Right
Authors: Aimée Grunberger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urinary Retention in Diabetic Patients
Authors: TAPAN K. CHAUDHURI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1988Urinary Retention in Diabetic PatientsTAPAN K. CHAUDHURI, M.D., J.D. KEITH PALMER, M.D., ROBERT H. BURGER, M.D., SIDNEY FINK, M.D.TAPAN K. CHAUDHURI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J.D. KEITH PALMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT H. BURGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SIDNEY FINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-642_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity measurement is increasingly used in studying and quantifying diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and has been found to signal diabetic secondary impotence (1). A close relation exists between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cystoparesis (2). The diagnosis of cystoparesis, with its potential for infection and calculous formation is of particular importance in the diabetic patient. We retrospectively reviewed findings after a standard radioisotope test (3) for post-voiding residual urine volumes. Eighteen diabetic men, ages 52 to 72 years (mean, 63) had no history of urinary retention, but had diabetic peripheral neuropathy (motor nerve conduction...References1. PALMERFINKBURGER JSR. Diabetic secondary impotence: the neuropathic factor as measured by peripheral motor nerve conduction. Urology. 1986;28:197-200. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FRIMOLDT-MOLLER C. Diabetic cystopathy: epidemiology and related disorders. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:318-21. LinkGoogle Scholar3. CASEYKLINEKEYES JRJ. In: Manual of Nuclear Medicine Procedures. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc.; 1983:81-2. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: VA Medical Center Hamoton, VA 23667 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPrognostic implication of gastroparesis in patients with diabetes mellitusChoice of Urine Sample Predictive of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus 1 April 1988Volume 108, Issue 4Page: 642-642KeywordsErectile dysfunctionNervesPeripheral neuropathyUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Demonstration of Amyloid Fibrils in Urinary Sediment
Authors: Roger Derosena, Michael N. Koss, Conrad L. Pirani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IN a previous detailed electron microscopical study of renal biopsies from patients with amyloidosis,1 it was clearly demonstrated that amyloid fibrils may be present free in Bowman's spaces, as well as within tubular lumens. The possibility that amyloid fibrils could also appear in the urinary sediment was considered at that time. In one of the reported cases, fibrils consistent with amyloid were recognized in the urinary sediment by electron microscopy. Section from Epon-embedded urinary sediment gave a weak positive reaction to Congo-red stain. However, the available preparations prevented a more definitive statement at that time. It is the purpose of . . .
Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism and decline in lung function in Japanese men
Authors: K Nakayama
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow limitation in the lung airway. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD.1 Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme in heme metabolism and provides cytoprotection against oxidants in cigarette smoke.2 A (GT)n dinucleotide repeat in the human HO-1 promoter shows length polymorphism which is categorised into three groups: S-allele (<27 GT repeats), M-allele (27–32 GT repeats), and L-allele (⩾33 GT repeats).3 The L-allele was found to be associated with reduced HO-1 inducibility and susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema in a case-control study of Japanese male smokers.3 Conversely, He et al 4 reported that HO-1 polymorphism was not related to a rapid decline in lung function in a prospective study of white smokers.

To evaluate the role of HO-1 polymorphism in the decline in lung function in Japanese subjects, 101 Japanese male ex-smokers with mild …
Dermopathy of Graves' Disease
Authors: Shih-Ping Cheng, Chien-Liang Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 51-year-old woman presented with weight loss (despite good appetite), palpitations, tremor, and heat intolerance. On examination, she had typical features of Graves' disease, including a diffusely enlarged thyroid, periorbital edema, and proptosis, as well as mild thickening of the skin in the pretibial area. The diagnosis was confirmed by the results of thyroid-function tests, which showed a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of less than 0.1 mU per milliliter (normal range, 0.5 to 5.15); a triiodothyronine level of 557 ng per deciliter (8.5 nmol per liter; normal range, 100 to 190 ng [1.5 to 2.9 nmol]); and a thyroxine level of . . .
Impact of aberrant DNA methylation patterns including CYP1B1 methylation in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: C.D. DiNardo, V. Gharibyan, H. Yang, Y. Wei, S. Pierce, H.M. Kantarjian, G. Garcia‐Manero, M. Rytting
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Aberrant promoter DNA methylation is a well-described mechanism of leukemogenesis within hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the importance of methylation patterns among the adolescent and young adult (AYA) ALL population has not been well established. DNA methylation of 18 candidate genes in 33 AYA ALL patients was analyzed at diagnosis and during treatment, to evaluate the frequency and clinical relevance of aberrant methylation in an AYA population treated on a uniform therapeutic regimen. Of 16 informative genes, there was a median of 6 methylated genes per AYA ALL patient. Correlations were identified between increasing number of methylated genes with male sex (P = 0.04), increased white blood cell (WBC) count (P = 0.04) and increased bone-marrow blast percentage (P = 0.04). Increasing age was associated with EPHA5 methylation (P = 0.05). Overall, patients experienced favorable outcomes with median survival that was not reached. On univariate analysis, methylation of CYP1B1 was associated with worse overall survival (HR 10.7, 95% CI 1.3-87.6, P = 0.03), disease-free survival (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1-9.2, P = 0.04) and correlated with decreased CYP1B1 gene expression. A significant incidence of methylation within the AYA ALL population was identified, with increased methylation associated with distinct clinicopathologic features including male gender and elevated WBC count. Our results suggest aberrant methylation among AYA patients is frequent, and may provide a common pathogenic mechanism. The inferior outcome identified with methylation of the cytochrome p450 gene CYP1B1, an enzyme involved in drug metabolism and steroid synthesis, warrants further investigation.
Panic Attacks and the Risk of Depression among Young Adults in the Community
Authors: Renee D. Goodwin, David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; To determine the association between panic attacks and the risk of major depression among young adults in the community. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Data were drawn from a 21-year longitudinal birth cohort study (n = 1, 265). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between panic attacks in adolescence (age 15–21 years) and the risk of current major depression (past month). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Having a panic attack in the preceding 3 years was significantly associated with elevated risk of current major depression (past month) at the ages of 18 and 21. This association persisted after adjusting for a range of fixed social, family and individual risk factors for psychopathology, history of major depression, comorbid psychiatric disorder and life adversity among both males (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = 3.9–20.4) and females (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2–4.2). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These data are consistent with and extend previous work by showing that panic attack increases the risk of current major depression, independent of the effects of psychiatric comorbidity and other early risk factors for psychopathology, though much of this relationship appears to be explained by common risk factors and comorbidity. These data show new evidence of interaction between gender and panic attacks in the risk of depression among young persons. Replication of these findings is needed, as are future studies that further investigate the underlying mechanism of this association.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Robert Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The American Medical Association may now be considered a success.The Journal, published where it has been, in Chicago, and edited as it has been, has contributed more to accomplish this end than any other and all other influences combined. Believing this as strongly as I do, I say let it alone! All things that are doing well should be let alone. Chicago is nearer the home of the great number who contribute to the make-up and support of the Association than New York, Philadelphia, or Washington City would be. Men will support home matters better than they will more distant ones. Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, has done more to make the Association a success than any other man. Why should he be thus insulted and his home despised? I for one am opposed to this high-handed outrage. Cooperstown, Pa., March 3, 1891.
Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The article by Bass et al (235:1112, 1976) confirms previous studies 1,2 indicating that the addition of penicillin G procaine reduces the severity of local reactions to penicillin G benzathine. The authors may well be correct in suggesting that a combination of 900,000 units of penicillin G benzathine with 300,000 units of penicillin G procaine is more rational than the presently marketed mixture containing equal parts of the two antibiotics.  It would be unwise, however, to go beyond these conclusions and infer from their data that the addition of penicillin G procaine has other advantages. The figures presented by the authors show no significant hastening of symptomatic relief and no significant difference in the presence of streptococci in throat cultures taken ten days after treatment. It is doubtful if much significance can be attributed to the difference in culture results at two and three days after treatment.
Abnormal F-18 FDG Uptake in Two Epidermoid Cysts on PET/CT
Authors: Bohdan Bybel, William D. Leslie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report a case of a 72-year-old woman with a history of papillary thyroid cancer imaged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) because of an increased thyroglobulin level and negative whole body iodine and CT scans. A near whole body F-18 2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT study showed 2 well defined metabolically active soft tissue nodules in the scalp. Clinical examination of the patient was subsequently performed which identified 2 epidermoid (or sebaceous) cysts which had been present unchanged since childhood. A repeat PET/CT study performed 2 years later showed no change in these findings.