tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuromechanical uncoupling of the respiratory system during exercise in patients with mild COPD
Authors: Jordan A. Guenette, Roberto C. Chin, Sicheng Cheng, Paolo B. Dominelli, Behnam Molavi, Natya Raghavan, Katherine A. Webb, Denis E. O'Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Increased dyspnea and physical inactivity have recently been shown to be common in patients with mild COPD. To maximize the impact of therapeutic interventions in such patients, we need to identify underlying and reversible mechanisms of activity limitation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the physiological abnormalities of the respiratory system and its central controller during exercise in mild COPD compared to healthy controls. Following a familiarization visit, participants (COPD: n=16 (8M:8F), post-β 2  agonist FEV 1 /FVC=63% and FEV 1 =93%pred; controls, n=16 (8M:8F)) performed an incremental cycle test while detailed metabolic, ventilatory, sensory, and respiratory mechanical responses were obtained. Diaphragmatic EMG (EMGdi) was measured using a multi-pair electrode catheter. Neuromechanical uncoupling (NMU) of the respiratory system was calculated as the ratio between EMGdi (%max) and tidal volume (%pred vital capacity (VC)). Patients with mild COPD had a reduced inspiratory capacity and increases in ventilation, EMGdi, and NMU vs. controls (fig.1). Dyspnea-ventilation slopes were strongly correlated with the degree of NMU in mild COPD (r=0.833,P
The causes of hemoptysis and lung hemorrhage in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Olga Baranova, Valentina Molodtcova, Alexandra Speranskaja
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The hemoptysis and lung hemorrhage is very rare symptoms for pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS) modifying the typical clinical and radiological disease picture.   Aim:  To analyze causes of hemoptysis and lung hemorrhage in PS patients (pts) with the use of modern abilities of radiological assessment (computed tomography - CT, high resolution CT - HRCT, CT with angiography, single photon emission CT - SPECT) and bronchoscopy.   Methods:  We studied 30 patients (f/m – 17/13) with morphologically confirmed PS with hemoptysis and lung hemorrhage (stages: 1st – 4, 2nd – 9, 3rd – 12, 4th – 5). The average age was 37,2±2,3 years. All patients were subjected to clinical and radiological (HRCT, CT with angiography, SPECT) researches and bronchoscopy.   Results:  The main causes of this severe complication were pulmonary embolism (17 pts including thrombosis “in situ” in 3 of them) with pulmonary arterial hypertension, atrophic bronchitis (3 pts), traction bronchoectasis (3 pts), dry cavities (2 pts), tuberculosis (1 pt). In carrying out bronchoscopy hemoptysis was found in lung tissue viral and bacterial infections (2 pts) and lung cancer (1 pt). The relapsing lung hemorrhage was observed in only one patient with 4 stage PS complicated by micetome in fibrotic tissue. In 3 pts bronchoscopy was performed on top of bleeding using various methods of endobronchial hemostasis.   Conclusion:  Using modern methods of radiological imaging (CT, HRCT, CT with angiography, SPECT) allows to detect the main cause of hemoptysis in PS patients – pulmonary embolism including thrombosis “in situ”.
Admitting when mistakes are made
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Nigel Hawkes explains the statutory duty of candour

A statutory duty of candour came into force for hospital trusts in November 20141 and for primary care, private healthcare, and social care providers on 1 April this year.2 New guidance has also recently been published to help individual healthcare professionals to know when they should admit mistakes. 

Among the results of the Francis report into the failings at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust was the introduction of a statutory duty of candour aimed at obliging NHS organisations in England to be open and honest with patients when things go wrong.

The law applies to organisations, not individuals. Breaches are a criminal offence, which can be punished by fines, but the real damage is reputational. Breaches do not depend on the degree of harm a patient may have suffered: the offence is to have breached the regulations. This is akin to driving at 100 mph on a motorway, which is an offence even if no accident occurred.

Yes. A professional duty of candour has existed for many years and is enforceable by the General Medical Council. The GMC and the Nursing and Midwifery Council recently issued new guidance on what this means in practice.3

Critics such as Action against Medical Accidents (AvMA) argue that this obligation was ineffective because the GMC was inconsistent in enforcing it, and doctors were under pressure from hospital management not to speak out. “Doctors were told, ‘Don’t say anything about it’ when things went wrong,” says Peter Walsh, chief executive of AvMA. “It put them in an impossible position.”

Not quite. The thresholds for action in the two systems are different. The statutory code covers “notifiable safety incidents,” defined by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) as those causing death, severe harm, moderate harm, or …
It's not all traction: the pseudo ‘fringe sign’ in frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: R. Pirmez, B. Duque-Estrada, L.S. Abraham, G.M. Pinto, D.C. de Farias, Y. Kelly, I. Doche
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article It's not all traction: the pseudo 'fringe sign' in frontal fibrosing alopecia Get access R. Pirmez, R. Pirmez Department of Dermatology Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro Rua Visconde de Pirajá 330, salas 1001‐1003, Rio de Janeiro, 22410‐000 RJ Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Duque‐Estrada, B. Duque‐Estrada Department of Dermatology Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro Rua Visconde de Pirajá 330, salas 1001‐1003, Rio de Janeiro, 22410‐000 RJ Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.S. Abraham, L.S. Abraham Department of Dermatology Hospital Universitário de Brasília Brasilia DF Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. Pinto, G.M. Pinto Department of Dermatology Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.C. de Farias, D.C. de Farias Department of Dermatology Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis SC Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Kelly, Y. Kelly Department of Dermatology Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Doche I. Doche Department of Dermatology Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 5, 1 November 2015, Pages 1336–1338, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14005 Published: 01 November 2015
Sunscreen use in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: E.L. Gutmark, D.Q. Lin, I. Bernstein, S.Q. Wang, B.F. Chong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Dear Editor, Because ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-documented environmental trigger, cutaneous lupus (CLE) patients are advised to engage in photoprotective practices, including sunscreen use. Despite numerous studies demonstrating the efficacy of sunscreens,1,2 CLE patients have not fully embraced sunscreen use. Daily sunscreen use was reported only in 23.1% of CLE patients in Ireland.3 Our group previously found that 59% of CLE patients used sunscreen “often” or “always,” although those terms were not defined.4 The reasons for suboptimal sunscreen use in CLE patients are not clear.
Screening of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and silicosis by discriminant functions
Authors: H Evers, F Liehs, K Harzbecker, D Wenzel, A Wilke, W Pielesch, J Schauer, W Nahrendorf, J Preisler, R Luther, al. et
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

The aim of our prospective multicentric study was to develop a screening method for pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic lung diseases. We investigated 710 patients in 10 hospitals: 315 males and 109 females with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 286 males with silicosis. Manifest pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg (2.7 kPa) at rest. The multivariate statistical method used was a stepwise discriminant analysis. In males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at rest, and age turned out to be relevant for discrimination of groups with and without manifest pulmonary hypertension. For females the FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio replaced the absolute value of FEV1 in the calculated discriminant function. In females, sensitivity and specificity were below 80%. In males, both were distinctly above 80%. In silicosis, the diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery was much less important, since it could frequently not be measured precisely. In these cases, precision of the prediction of about 80% could only be obtained by combined evaluation of spirometry, PaO2 during exercise, and body plethysmography. The calculated discriminant functions are appropriate for screening patients with risk of pulmonary hypertension. For different chronic lung diseases, and for both sexes, different combinations of parameters are relevant. The method is recommended to select patients who should undergo an invasive examination of pulmonary haemodynamics.
Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited
Authors: L L Altshuler, R M Post, G S Leverich, K Mikalauskas, A Rosoff, L Ackerman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The longitudinal course of 51 patients with treatment-refractory bipolar disorder was examined to assess possible effects of heterocyclic antidepressants on occurrence of manic episodes and cycle acceleration.Using criteria established from life charts, investigators rated the patients' episodes of mania or cycle acceleration as likely or unlikely to have been induced by antidepressant therapy. Discriminant function analyses were performed to assess predictors of vulnerability to antidepressant-induced mania or cycle acceleration. Further, the likelihood of future antidepressant-induced episodes in persons who had had one such episode was assessed.Thirty-five percent of the patients had a manic episode rated as likely to have been antidepressant-induced. No variable was a predictor of vulnerability to antidepressant-induced mania. Cycle acceleration was likely to be associated with antidepressant treatment in 26% of the patients assessed. Younger age at first treatment was a predictor of vulnerability to antidepressant-induced cycle acceleration. Forty-six percent of patients with antidepressant-induced mania, but only 14% of those without, also showed antidepressant-induced cycle acceleration at some point in their illness.Mania is likely to be antidepressant-induced and not attributable to the expected course of illness in one-third of treatment-refractory bipolar patients, and rapid cycling is induced in one-fourth. Antidepressant-induced mania may be a marker for increased vulnerability to antidepressant-induced cycle acceleration. Antidepressant-induced cycle acceleration (but not antidepressant-induced mania) is associated with younger age at first treatment and may be more likely to occur in women and in bipolar II patients.
Predictors of hepatitis B e antigen‐negative hepatitis in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected patients from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Jia‐Feng Wu, Yu‐Chun Chiu, Kai‐Chi Chang, Huey‐Ling Chen, Yen‐Hsuan Ni, Hong‐Yuan Hsu, Mei‐Hwei Chang
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative hepatitis is a clinical indicator of poor outcome for chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. This long‐term prospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the predictors of developing HBeAg‐negative hepatitis in chronic HBV‐infected subjects followed from childhood to adulthood. We followed 434 HBeAg‐positive chronic HBV‐infected patients from a median age of 7.22 years (interquartile range 4.31‐10.21 years). Spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 359 subjects at a median age of 13.93 years (interquartile range 8.76‐20.59 years), and 75 subjects developed HBeAg seroconversion after antiviral therapy. These patients were followed for a median of 14.40 years (interquartile range 6.14‐22.02 years) after HBeAg seroconversion. Clinical data were analyzed to delineate the predictors of developing HBeAg‐negative hepatitis. The HBV basal core promoter and precore/core gene sequences were also evaluated in subjects with and without HBeAg‐negative hepatitis. The overall annual incidence of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis was 0.37% (95% confidence internal 0.35‐0.39) in spontaneous HBeAg seroconverters. The overall annual incidence of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis increased to 2.64% in lamivudine‐treated subjects but did not increase in those treated with interferon‐alpha (0.58%). Male gender (hazard ratio = 3.15), HBV genotype C (hazard ratio = 4.40), HBeAg seroconversion after 18 years of age (hazard ratio = 2.46), and lamivudine therapy prior to HBeAg seroconversion (hazard ratio = 1.42) were predictors of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis in HBeAg seroconverters ( P &lt; 0.05). HBeAg‐negative hepatitis subjects carried more A1762T/G1764A, C2063A, and A2131C HBV gene mutations than those without HBeAg‐negative hepatitis. Conclusions : HBeAg seroconversion during childhood predicts a lower risk of HBeAg‐negative hepatitis in later life. Interferon‐alpha therapy may be an effective antiviral therapy beneficial in chronic HBV‐infected children with severe inflammation that facilitates HBeAg seroconversion in earlier life. (H epatology 2016;63:74–82)
Knowledge, attitudes, practices and barriers to care among tuberculosis patients in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Stefan Talevski, Dance Gudeva-Nikoska, Stefan Stojanovik, Charlote Colvin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: In 2008, the Global Fund funded TB program in Macedonia undertook an operations research to explore diagnostic and treatment experience KAP and barriers to care among TB patients.

Objective: To explore KAP on tuberculosis disease among TB patients, identify barriers to care in four districts in Republic of Macedonia, in order to suggest specific ideas for improvement of quality of DOTS performance.

Methods: 144 TB cases were included in the study. Each participant was interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. The data were entered into a simple Excel database and analyzed using SPSS (version 17.0).

Results: Half of TB patients never or rarely visited a doctor before being diagnosed with TB; still, 7.7% reported not having enough money to visit a doctor. Majority reported waiting time of less than an hour (61.5%) and 67.9% were generally satisfied with the care received. Two thirds of TB cases have visited a doctor within two months of feeling ill, and 20% sought care within three weeks of first becoming sick. Although 70% respondents have reported cough at the time they visited the doctor, only 10.3% attempted to treat symptoms on their own by visiting a pharmacy (7.7%) or traditional healer (1.3%). About half correctly identified the signs and symptoms of TB, 14.1% correctly identified airborne transmission of TB and a sizable proportion did not correctly identify ways to avoid transmission.

Conclusions: The results reveal gaps in routine recording and reporting, gaps in diagnostic services and need for improved routine data management, adoptation of the Practical Approach to Lung Health, new strategies to improve knowledge among people with TB.
Morbidity From Cervical Cancer: Effects of Cervical Cytology and Socioeconomic Status&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F E Lundin, W M Christopherson, W M Mendez, J E Parker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Morbidity From Cervical Cancer: Effects of Cervical Cytology and Socioeconomic Status Get access Frank E. Lundin, Jr., M.D., Dr. P.H., Frank E. Lundin, Jr., M.D., Dr. P.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William M. Christopherson, M.D., William M. Christopherson, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Winifred M. Mendez, R.N., B.S., Winifred M. Mendez, R.N., B.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James E. Parker, M.D. James E. Parker, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 35, Issue 6, December 1965, Pages 1015–1025, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/35.6.1015 Published: 01 December 1965 Article history Received: 02 April 1965 Published: 01 December 1965
Karnofsky memorial lecture. An odyssey in the land of small tumors.
Authors: C G Moertel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.10.1502 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2443618 Karnofsky memorial lecture. An odyssey in the land of small tumors. C G MoertelxC G MoertelSearch for articles by this author Show More Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.10.1502 First Page PDF © 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Studies on Leukemia Development in the SJL/J Strain of Mice
Authors: N Haran-Ghera, M Kotler, A Meshorer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasms developed in 70-80% of intact male and female SJL/J mice at a mean age of 380 days. The neoplasms had a basic histological pattern of a multicellular type-B reticulum cell neoplasm, as designated by Dunn. The tumors were transplanted in isogenic mice. Serial passages of cell suspensions of these tumors were carried on through at least 4 tumor-inducing generations, and the growing transplanted tumors maintained the structure of a reticulum cell neoplasm similar to the original tumor. A histological survey of spontaneous lesions in SJL/J mice revealed different characteristics of reticulum cell neoplasms, some similar to Hodgkin's lesions. Five or ten feedings of 7,12-dimethylbenz-[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) in polyethylene glycol 400 (1 mg DMBA per feeding) to SJL/J mice induced lymphosarcomas in 74-83% of the mice at a mean age of 157-188 days. A single feeding of DMBA induced lymphosarcomas in only 27% of the mice at a mean age of 246 days. These DMBA-induced lymphatic leukemias do not appear to depend on the thymus for development--a 60% incidence of lymphosarcomas was obtained in adult thymectomized mice treated with DMBA, and 27% of the thymectomized DMBA-treated mice developed myeloid leukemia at a mean age of 180 days. Urethan was only slightly leukemogenic in SJL/J mice.
EWS-FLI1 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma.
Authors: E de Alava, A Kawai, J H Healey, I Fligman, P A Meyers, A G Huvos, W L Gerald, S C Jhanwar, P Argani, C R Antonescu, F J Pardo-Mindan, J Ginsberg, R Womer, E R Lawlor, J Wunder, I Andrulis, P H Sorensen, F G Barr, M Ladanyi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE More than 90% of Ewing's sarcomas (ES) contain a fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes, due to the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation. At the molecular level, the EWS-FLI1 rearrangements show great diversity. Specifically, many different combinations of exons from EWS and FLI1 encode in-frame fusion transcripts and result in differences in the length and composition of the chimeric protein, which functions as an oncogenic aberrant transcription factor. In the most common fusion type (type 1), EWS exon 7 is linked in frame with exon 6 of FLI1. As the fundamental pathogenetic lesion in ES, the molecular heterogeneity of these fusion transcripts may have functional and clinical significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a clinical and pathologic analysis of 112 patients with ES in which EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts were identified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adequate treatment and follow-up data were available in 99 patients treated with curative intent. Median follow-up in these 99 patients was 26 months (range, 1 to 140 months). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed that included other prognostic factors, such as age, tumor location, size, and stage. RESULTS Among the 99 patients suitable for survival analysis, the tumors in 64 patients contained the type 1 fusion and in 35 patients contained less common fusion types. Stage at presentation was localized in 74 patients and metastatic in 25. Metastases (relative risk [RR] = 2.6; P = .008), and type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusion (RR = 0.37; P = .014) were, respectively, independent negative and positive prognostic factors for overall survival by multivariate analysis. Among 74 patients with localized tumors, the type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusion was also a significant positive predictor of overall survival (RR = 0.32; P = .034) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION EWS-FLI1 fusion type appears to be prognostically relevant in ES, independent of tumor site, stage, and size. Further studies are needed to clarify the biologic basis of this phenomenon.
Transplantation Immunity to Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice. II. Evidence for Macrophage Participation at the Effector Level of Tumor Cell Rejection2
Authors: Joyce M. Zarling, Salvir S. Tevethia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Transplantation Immunity to Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice. II. Evidence for Macrophage Participation at the Effector Level of Tumor Cell Rejection Get access Joyce M. Zarling, Joyce M. Zarling Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Salvir S. Tevethia Salvir S. Tevethia Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 1, January 1973, Pages 149–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.1.149 Published: 01 January 1973 Article history Received: 19 June 1972 Accepted: 01 September 1972 Published: 01 January 1973