tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17071: Growth Asymmetry, Head Circumference and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants with Single Ventricles
Authors: Thomas A Miller, Victor Zak, Peter Shrader, Chitra Ravishankar, Victoria L Pemberton, Jane W Newburger, Amanda J Shillingford, Linda M Lambert, Renee Sananes, Marc E Richmond, James F Cnota, Daphne T Hsu, Stephen G Miller, Sinai C Zyblewski, Richard V Williams
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Poor somatic growth is common in infants with single ventricle (SV) physiology and has been linked to increased morbidity and impaired neurodevelopment. Asymmetry in somatic growth, a potential brain-sparing adaptation, is important in predicting outcomes in premature and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Objectives: To assess variability in growth asymmetry and its associations with neurodevelopment in infants with SV. Methods: We analyzed growth asymmetry (weight for age z-score (WAZ) minus head circumference for age z-score (HCAZ)), relative head growth (change in cm/change in kg), HCAZ, and change in HCAZ from baseline to pre-Glenn in subjects prospectively enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle (ISV) trial. Associations between these indices and results of the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and Mental Developmental Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (BSID) at 14 months were assessed. Results: Of the 230 patients enrolled in ISV, complete biometric data and BSID results were available in 168 (73%). For this cohort, age at enrollment was 21±9 days, age at pre-Glenn was 167±52 days, gestational age was 38.3±1.4 weeks, and 71% were male. Growth asymmetry varied across the cohort at enrollment (0.43 ±1.02, range -2.85 to 4.84) and the pre-Glenn visit (-0.23 ±1.21, range -4.45 to 3.00) as did the relative head growth (2.40±0.86, range 0.50 to 8.00). BSID scores were not associated with indices of growth asymmetry. In univariate analysis, larger pre-Glenn HCAZ correlated with higher MDI (r=0.21, p=0.006) and PDI (r=0.38, p&lt;0.001) and greater increase in HCAZ from enrollment to pre-Glenn was associated with higher PDI (r=0.15, p=0.049). In multivariable modeling adjusting for site, serious adverse events, stage 1 length of stay, and height at 14 months, pre-Glenn HCAZ was an independent predictor of PDI (p=0.03), but not MDI. For each one unit Z-score increase in pre-Glenn HCAZ, the predicted PDI score increased by 2.5 points. Conclusions: In infants with SV, BSID scores were associated with pre-Glenn HCAZ but not with the degree of asymmetric growth. Future studies should explore why asymmetric growth that seems important in premature and SGA infants appears less relevant in infants with SV.
Science, medicine, and the future: The development of new antimicrobial agents
Authors: R. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The past 50 years have shown how successful the pharmaceutical industry has been in developing antimicrobial agents. Until the 1980s a steady stream of new agents (or at least older modified agents) had become available. The 1980s saw little investment in new antibacterials,1 but now this is changing. There is a need for new agents. The knowledge obtained from bacterial genetics, along with improvements in biotechnology, has given the impetus to the search for new compounds, as an understanding of the genome allows new targets to be identified. Vaccine development also holds promise for the treatment and prevention of common diseases. Group B meningococcal vaccines and HIV vaccines are currently under study but not expected in the near future.

The key development strategies fall into three groups — new modifications of existing agents, genomic approaches, and vaccine development.

Antimicrobial agents with ever broader spectrums of activity have been developed, and there will be an extension to the antibacterial spectrum of current compounds. Recently, fluoroquinolones have appeared and are soon to be marketed (such as trovafloxacin which is active against anaerobic bacteria2) or will be available in 2-3 years (such as SmithKline Beecham's SB265805, which has enhanced activity against Gram positive bacteria3). The β lactam structure has been such a fruitful source of compounds in the past with the penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems (among others) being so useful. Future modification of such drugs seems unlikely, although there is interest in multicyclic structures with broad spectrum activity and resistance to the novel β lactamases …
Book: Stress, the Brain and Depression
Authors: Ottar Bjerkeset
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Stress and depression are closely associated, but how strong is the evidence that stress can cause depression? Many people in today's general and psychiatric practice take this causal relation for granted, yet proving the existence of the connection means a thorough discussion of complex, interrelated topics. Stress, the Brain and Depression gives evidence for how personality features, genetic factors, and psychosocial factors influence the interplay between stress and subgroups of depression.​depression.
Deafness linked to DFNA2: one locus but how many genes?
Authors: Peter Van Hauwe, Paul J. Coucke, Frank Declau, Henricus Kunst, Robbert J. Ensink, Henri A. Marres, Cor W.R.J. Cremers, Bulantrisna Djelantik, Shelley D. Smith, Phil Kelley, Paul H. Van de Heyning, Guy Van Camp
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
A genome-wide scan for human obesity genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 10
Authors: Jörg Hager, Christian Dina, Stephan Francke, Severine Dubois, Mouna Houari, Vincent Vatin, Emmanuel Vaillant, Nathalie Lorentz, Arnaud Basdevant, Karine Clement, Bernard Guy-Grand, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Reactivity to sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na<sub>2</sub>[PdCl<sub>4</sub>]) compared to PdCl<sub>2</sub> and NiCl<sub>2</sub> in lymphocyte proliferation tests
Authors: J. Muris, C. J. Kleverlaan, A. J. Feilzer, E. Valentine‐Thon
Journal: Allergy (2009)

For patch testing, replacement of the commonly used palladium dichloride (PdCl2) by sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]) was recently demonstrated to improve test accuracy and show a significant correlation with nickel (Ni), supporting the concept of cross-reactivity between Pd and Ni. A promising alternative to metal allergy patch testing is the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test (LTT).The aim of this study was to test whether Na2[PdCl4] is also more sensitive for diagnosing Pd allergy with a standardized LTT.After determining optimal nontoxic and nonmitogenic concentrations for Na2[PdCl4], blood samples from 105 patients with clinical suspicion of metal allergy were tested with an LTT called memory lymphocyte immuno stimulation assay for Na2[PdCl4], PdCl2 and NiCl2. Reaction profiles were analysed for concordant positive reactions.Using the conventional cut-off of stimulation index > or = 3, 74.3% showed a positive reaction to NiCl2, 15.2% to PdCl2 and 28.6% to Na2[PdCl4]. All positive results to PdCl2 were covered by Na2[PdCl4]. From the 30 positive reactions to Na2[PdCl4], 26 (87%) were concordant for NiCl2 reactivity.In LTT, the use of Na2[PdCl4] results in more positive reactions in Pd allergy testing which are in concordance with positive reactions to PdCl2 and NiCl2.
Estimate of 98 000 deaths from medical errors is too low, says specialist
Authors: David Woods
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Reducing the number of deaths and injuries attributable to medical error can be achieved by creating a national centre to provide leadership and research, and by developing effective reporting mechanisms, Dr Janet Corrigan told a conference in Chicago, Illinois, earlier this month.

She said that it was also necessary to set safety standards through regulatory and market forces and to implement such standards in healthcare institutions.

Speaking at a two day meeting of the National Patient Safety Foundation, Dr Corrigan, an editor of a recent report from the Institute of Medicine in Washington which estimated that as many as 98 000 deaths a year were caused by medical error ( BMJ 1999;319:1519), …
Medicare and Medicaid, the Affordable Care Act, and US Health Policy
Authors: Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Darwin: I wish I were a botanistThe Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Volume 13, 1865 edited by Frederick Burkhardt, Duncan M. Porter, Sheila Ann Dean, Samantha Evans, Shelley Innes and Alison M. Pearn. Cambridge University Press, 2002. £65.00 hbk (736 pages) ISBN 0521824133
Authors: David Penny
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2003)
Being a modern pharmaceutical company
Authors: R. Sykes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

What does it mean to be a modern pharmaceutical company? Rapid changes in society and advances in science and medicine mean that the pharmaceutical industry has several important roles today that would not have been apparent as recently as 10-15 years ago. To provide medicines of value the modern pharmaceutical company has to meet the needs of patients for better medicines while taking full account of the realities of healthcare economics. It has to harness scientific advances, particularly in genetics and information technology, and work in partnership with researchers, healthcare providers, and governments. One substantial outcome of these partnerships is a better understanding of the need for openness and transparency in clinical trials.

For healthcare providers the cost of health care is a paramount issue, and the industry knows that new medicines have to deliver real benefits over existing ones. Delivering better medicines—demonstrated …
Assessment of Left Ventricular Contractile State by Preload-Adjusted Maximal Power Using Echocardiographic Automated Border Detection 11This study was supported in part by grants from the American Heart Association, Pennsylvania Affiliate, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (1R55 NR/OD4346-01A1).
Authors: William A. Mandarino, Michael R. Pinsky, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
CIRCULATORY DEFICIENCY IN THE EXTREMITIES IN RELATION TO MEDICO-LEGAL PROBLEMS: ARTERIOSCLEROTIC DEFICIENCY (INCLUDING DIABETES); THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS, OR BUERGER'S DISEASE
Authors: John Homans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 April 1943CIRCULATORY DEFICIENCY IN THE EXTREMITIES IN RELATION TO MEDICO-LEGAL PROBLEMS: ARTERIOSCLEROTIC DEFICIENCY (INCLUDING DIABETES); THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS, OR BUERGER'S DISEASEJOHN HOMANS, M.D.JOHN HOMANS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-18-4-518 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONThe diseases to be described are able to reach their full development in the absence of injury, and often do so. As a rule, injury is an aggravating factor, hastening the development of the disorder—precipitating it in some instances-bringing out a latent condition. Occasionally, however, as in the case of thrombosis of a blood vessel, a blow, fall or strain may appear in any one instance to be the sole recognizable cause of the disease. From a medical point of view, the distinction between an aggravation and a basic cause is significant. From the medico-legal standpoint, it is less... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Received for publication January 28, 1943. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe diagnosis and treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans in the vascular centers of army general hospitals 1 April 1943Volume 18, Issue 4Page: 518-534KeywordsBlood vesselsFallsThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
110. Helper-Dependent Adenovirus with the Cytokeratin-18 Promoter Produces Greater Transepithelial Chloride Current and More Persistent Transgene Expression Than the CMV Promoter in Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia
Authors: Sara L. Farmen, Philip H. Karp, Philip Ng, David R. Koehler, Jim Hu, Joseph Zabner, Michael J. Welsh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene transfer of the wild-type CFTR cDNA to airway epithelia could rescue the electrolyte transport defect and represent an attractive strategy for treating the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Numerous gene transfer vectors have expressed CFTR under control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter because it generates robust expression in many cell types. However, this promoter could drive expression in cell types that do not normally express CFTR and may yield limited persistence. An alternative enhancer/promoter is from the cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin-18 (K18); cytokeratin-18 is constitutively expressed in differentiated epithelia and has a tissue distribution similar to CFTR. To test the K18 promoter, we used helper-dependent adenoviral vectors and compared transgene expression driven by the K18 and CMV promoters. We delivered them to well-differentiated primary cultures of CF airway epithelia grown at the air-liquid interface. We applied vector to the basolateral surface to facilitate infection through binding of the adenovirus receptor CAR. With a β-galactosidase transgene, the CMV promoter generated much greater β-galactosidase activity and total protein levels than the K18 promoter. However, the opposite pattern emerged when the two promoters drove CFTR expression; the K18 promoter generated greater transepithelial chloride current than the CMV promoter. These results suggested that the two promoters might drive expression in different cell types. We found that the CMV promoter generated the most intense X-Gal staining in basal cells. In contrast, the K18 promoter generated diffuse staining in columnar epithelial cells. These results suggest that the K18 promoter produced relatively greater CFTR expression in columnar epithelial cells that touch the apical surface and are responsible for transepithelial chloride transport, whereas the CMV promoter generated greater expression in basal cells. We also compared the persistence of transgene expression. Over the course of 12 weeks, transgene expression driven by the K18 promoter remained relatively constant, while transgene expression from the CMV promoter fell rapidly. These data emphasize the importance of appropriate regulatory elements in developing gene transfer vectors for CF airway epithelia and suggest that the K18 promoter may have advantages over the CMV promoter.
Deficiency of queuine, a highly modified purine base, in transfer RNAs from primary and metastatic ovarian malignant tumors in women.
Authors: W Baranowski, G Dirheimer, J A Jakowicki, G Keith
Journal: Cancer Research (1994)

The tRNAs from rapidly growing tissues, particularly from neoplasia, often exhibit queuine deficiency. In order to check whether different kinds of ovarian tumors display queuine deficiencies we have analyzed tRNA samples from 16 ovarian malignancies. The tRNAs from histologically normal myometrium (4 samples) and myoma (6 samples) were taken as healthy tissue and benign tumor references. Queuine deficiency was determined by an exchange assay using [8-3H]guanine and tRNA:guanine transglycosylase from Escherichia coli. The mean values of queuine deficiencies in tRNAs were: 10.95 +/- 2.21 (SD) pmol/A260 in gonadal and germ cell tumors (5 cases); 23.75 +/- 7.89 pmol/A260 in primary epithelial tumors (9 cases); and 34.58 +/- 7.18 pmol/A260 in metastatic tumors (2 cases). These values displayed statistically significant differences (P = 0.0003, Kruskal-Wallis test). The queuine deficiencies in tRNAs significantly increased when moving from well-differentiated through moderately differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors, with the highest values found in poorly differentiated metastatic tumors (P = 0.0002, Kruskal-Wallis test). Queuine deficiency determination in tRNAs is proposed as a factor for clinical outcome prognosis of ovarian malignancies.
OSCAR is an FcRγ-associated receptor that is expressed by myeloid cells and is involved in antigen presentation and activation of human dendritic cells
Authors: Estelle Merck, Claude Gaillard, Daniel M. Gorman, Felix Montero-Julian, Isabelle Durand, Sandra M. Zurawski, Christine Menetrier-Caux, Giuseppe Carra, Serge Lebecque, Giorgio Trinchieri, Elizabeth E. M. Bates
Journal: Blood (2004)
The psychosocial impact of war trauma and torture on Southeast Asian refugees
Authors: R F Mollica, G Wyshak, J Lavelle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

More than 700,000 refugees from Southeast Asia have settled in the United States since 1975. Although many have suffered serious trauma, including torture, few clinical reports have described their trauma-related symptoms and psychosocial problems. The authors conducted a treatment study of 52 patients in a clinic for Indochinese. They found that these patients were a highly traumatized group; each had experienced a mean of 10 traumatic events and two torture experiences. Many of the patients had concurrent diagnoses of major affective disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder as well as medical and social disabilities associated with their history of trauma. The authors also found that Cambodian women without spouses demonstrated more serious psychiatric and social impairments than all other Indochinese patient groups.
Press: Fresh row over prostate screening
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Professor's admission challenges Australia's reverence for medical tests

In 2001 Michael Wilkes and Gavin Yamey, then editors of the Western Journal of Medicine , argued in the San Francisco Chronicle that there was no good evidence to screen healthy men for prostate cancer. Their article provoked an enormous backlash and they were subject to some particularly vicious lobbying and character assassination. They were said to be promoting “geriatricide,” and efforts were made to have them sacked ( BMJ 2002;324:431).

In Australia in recent weeks, it has been the turn of Professor Alan Coates, chief executive of the Cancer Council Australia, the …
Preventive medicine: can conflicts be prevented?
Authors: T. Woodhouse
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Now that the war in Kosovo is over (at least in its current phase) post war reconstruction costs for the Balkans are estimated at £12bn to £60bn ($19-96bn). The international peacekeeping force now in Kosovo will find it difficult to complete its tasks either quickly or cheaply, and the transition to peace is likely to be far harder than winning the air war. The US and the European Union are expecting to incur costs of at least £625m ($1000m) a year for reconstructing Kosovo over the next five years. Thousands have been killed, most of them civilians, communities have been destroyed, and the full environmental consequences of the bombing have yet to be realised Political leaders, it seems, too often underestimate the costs of entering a course of action which seeks to resolve conflicts by violence.1

The Kosovo war is only the latest in a series of conflicts that have dashed the hopes for a peaceful world that existed for a short time after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. They were expressed most positively by United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1992 when he called for the world community to address the root causes of conflict through a strategy which depended in part on new initiatives to prevent violent conflict.

Conflict prevention, or preventive diplomacy, is the idea that the international community should be able to prevent violent conflicts rather than responding once violence has broken out (when a conflict is much harder to control). Boutros-Ghali defined preventive diplomacy as “action to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts …
Extracellular Matrix‐Based Biohybrid Materials for Engineering Compliant, Matrix‐Dense Tissues
Authors: Laura G. Bracaglia, John P. Fisher
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should not only promote, but take an active role in, constructive remodeling and formation of site appropriate tissue. Extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived proteins provide unmatched cellular recognition, and therefore influence cellular response towards predicted remodeling behaviors. Materials built with only these proteins, however, can degrade rapidly or begin too weak to substitute for compliant, matrix‐dense tissues. The focus of this Progress Report is on biohybrid materials that incorporate polymer components with ECM‐derived proteins, to produce a substrate with desired mechanical and degradation properties, as well as actively guide tissue remodeling. Materials are described through four fabrication methods: 1) polymer and ECM‐protein fibers woven together, 2) polymer and ECM proteins combined in a bilayer, 3) cell‐built ECM on polymer scaffold, and 4) ECM proteins and polymers combined in a single hydrogel. Scaffolds from each fabrication method can achieve characteristics suitable for different types of tissue. In vivo testing has shown progressive remodeling in injury models, and suggests ECM‐based biohybrid materials promote a prohealing immune response over single component alternatives. The prohealing immune response is associated with lasting success and long term host maintenance of the implant.